bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the identification of bone‐specific physical activity using wrist‐worn accelerometry: A cross‐sectional study in 11–12‐year‐old Australian children
Authors: Brailey Gemma , Metcalf Brad , Price Lisa , Cumming Sean , Rowlands Alex , Olds Timothy , Simm Peter , Wake Melissa , Stiles Victoria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhysical activity (PA) during childhood and adolescence is important for the accrual of maximal peak bone mass. The precise dose that benefits bone remains unclear as methods commonly used to analyze PA data are unsuitable for measuring bone‐relevant PA. Using improved accelerometry methods, this study identified the amount and intensity of PA most strongly associated with bone outcomes in 11–12‐year‐olds. Participants (n = 770; 382 boys) underwent tibial peripheral quantitative computed tomography to assess trabecular and cortical density, endosteal and periosteal circumference and polar stress‐strain index. Seven‐day wrist‐worn raw acceleration data averaged over 1‐s epochs was used to estimate time accumulated above incremental PA intensities (50 milli‐gravitational unit (mg) increments from 200 to 3000 mg). Associations between time spent above each 50 mg increment and bone outcomes were assessed using multiple linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, maturity, socioeconomic position, muscle cross‐sectional area and PA below the intensity of interest. There was a gradual increase in mean R2 change across all bone‐related outcomes as the intensity increased in 50 mg increments from >200 to >700 mg. All outcomes became significant at >700 mg (R2 change = 0.6%–1.3% and p = 0.001–0.02). Any further increases in intensity led to a reduction in mean R2 change and associations became non‐significant for all outcomes >1500 mg. Using more appropriate accelerometry methods (1‐s epochs; no a priori application of traditional cut‐points) enabled us to identify that ∼10 min/day of PA >700 mg (equivalent to running ∼10 km/h) was positively associated with pQCT‐derived measures of bone density, geometry and strength in 11–12‐year‐olds.
Evaluation of the combined toxicity of heavy metals and chlorpyrifos: A comparison of electrochemical and MTT methods
Authors: Sun Mingze , Zhao Yaqian , Qi Shulan , Ye Cai , Zhang Jiahuan , Fei Chaoqun , Li Jinlian , Zhou Shi , Wu Dongmei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the human living environment, heavy metals and chlorpyrifos can have harmful consequences due to their complex combination. In this study, binary, ternary, and quaternary combinations of three heavy metals and chlorpyrifos in different concentrations were evaluated for their combined toxic effects using an electrochemical method, and the MTT method was used to contrast the outcomes. The combined toxic effectiveness assessed by the electrochemical CI method revealed that, except for the binary combination of cadmium chloride and chlorpyrifos, which exhibited an antagonistic effect when mixed at an equal molar ratio, lead nitrate and chlorpyrifos showed an additive effect when combined, the quaternary combination exhibited a complex transition from synergistic to additive to antagonistic effects, the other mixtures showed consistent synergistic effects. When the ratio of heavy metals in the mixture was reduced, all of them displayed synergistic effects, except for the binary mixture of cadmium chloride and chlorpyrifos, which consistently maintained an antagonistic effect, and the ternary mixture of cadmium chloride, lead nitrate, and chlorpyrifos displayed additive effects. The complex toxicity mechanisms of the mixtures do not impact the response of cellular electrochemical signals coming from the intracellular purine bases on cytotoxicity. The electrochemical approach successfully captured the various combined toxic effects of the mixture, and the outcomes were consistent with the MTT method. This method is expected to emerge as a novel approach for detecting combined toxicity.
Demonstrating computer vision to small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises in manufacturing: Toward overcoming costs and implementation challenges
Authors: Werheid Jonas , Münker Sven , Klasen Nils , Hamann Tobias , Abdelrazeq Anas , Schmitt Robert H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractComputer vision (CV) systems are crucial in various fields, such as manufacturing. However, the general feedback from small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in manufacturing indicates that implementing CV systems are out of reach due to their high costs, the need for expertise, and the complexities of Machine Learning (ML). To demonstrate the feasibility and applicability for SMEs, we present a cost‐effective portable CV‐based demonstrator for SMEs in manufacturing. Incorporating low‐cost hardware components, the system integrates open‐source software and employs Transfer Learning to adapt pre‐existing ML models. We present two illustrative use cases with fault detection and inventory management based on plastic brick datasets including various colors and shapes to demonstrate the system's effectiveness. Bringing this into a showable demonstrator, all components are integrated into a portable suitcase as a plug and play demonstration. We showcase the portable demonstrator at German television and four different industrial fairs, leveraging these dynamic platforms for direct interaction with SMEs and stakeholders. Firsthand insights and feedback from SMEs regarding our demonstration and their challenges, as well as opportunities for CV in manufacturing were received and summarized in this research.
Improving the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of flexible PVC by incorporating zinc borate‐modified diantimony trioxide
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zeng Shaohua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe properties and structure of flexible PVC by incorporating zinc borate (ZB)‐modified diantimony trioxide (Sb2O3) were investigated. The results of flame retardancy and smoke suppression testing indicate that there was an obvious maximum Limited oxygen index (LOI) value of PVC/20 wt.% ZB–Sb2O3 composites reached 37.5% and passed the UL 94 V‐0 rating. An obvious synergistic effect between ZB and Sb2O3 was observed by LOI, SDR, and TG. Moreover, remarkable decreases in the smoke density were observed when ZB–Sb2O3 was incorporated into PVC. In addition, the tensile strength and elongation at break of PVC/ZB–Sb2O3 composites was higher than PVC/Sb2O3 composites, and this ameliorative effect was mainly arising from the ZB–Sb2O3 nanoparticles, which reduced the degree of fatal defects on PVC. The addition of ZB and Sb2O3 greatly increased the amount of residual char and apparently improved the mechanical properties of PVC composites. According to scanning electron microscopy photographs of residual char, after thermal decomposition, there were many fragments linked to the condensed phase and the compact char layer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows the residues char was composed of benzene ring, the flame retardants occurred and the condensed phase with significant interactions.
How far are we off? Analyzing the accuracy of surgical margin relocation in the head and neck
Authors: Miller Alexis , Wang Vickie , Jegede Victor , Necker Fabian , Curry Joseph , Baik Fred M. , Verma Avanti , Holsinger F. Christopher , Tuluc Madalina , Rahman Mobeen , Lewis James S. , Rosenthal Eben , Topf Michael C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPositive surgical margin rates remain high in head and neck cancer surgery. Relocation is challenging given the complex, three‐dimensional (3D) anatomy.MethodsProspective, multi‐institutional study to determine accuracy of head and neck surgeons and pathologists relocating margins on virtual 3D specimen models using written descriptions from pathology reports. Using 3D models of 10 head and neck surgical specimens, each participant relocated 20 mucosal margins (10 perpendicular, 10 shave).ResultsA total of 32 participants, 23 surgeons and 9 pathologists, marked 640 margins. Of the 320 marked perpendicular margins, 49.7% were greater than 1 centimeter from the true margin with a mean relocation error of 10.2 mm. Marked shave margins overlapped with the true margin a mean 54% of the time, with no overlap in 44 of 320 (13.8%) shave margins.ConclusionsSurgical margin relocation is imprecise and challenging even for experienced surgeons and pathologists. New communication technologies are needed.
Complete rupture of the pregnant uterus: A 12‐year retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Li , Chen Liang , Hong Xunyu , Zheng Dan , Ying Hongjun , Hong Ling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the frequency of uterine ruptures, clinical characteristics, and maternal and neonatal outcomes in a tertiary referral center.MethodsInformation on complete uterine rupture between July 2010 and June 2022 was investigated retrospectively at a tertiary center.ResultsThere were 42 cases of complete uterine rupture in 144 474 deliveries, with an incidence rate of 0.029%. Twenty‐seven cases had a scarred uterus and 15 had an unscarred uterus; Rupture of the lower uterine segment was predominant in the scarred uterus, whereas rupture of the body of the uterus was predominant in the non‐scarred uterus (P ≤ 0.001). Newborns with Apgar score of 7 or less at 1 min in the non‐scarred uterus group was more than that in the scarred uterus group (P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in the history of gynecologic surgery, induction of labor, mode of delivery, clinical features, maternal outcomes, neonatal weight, preterm birth rate, 5‐min Apgar score, or neonatal mortality between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe clinical manifestations of uterine rupture are mainly abdominal pain, abnormal fetal heartbeat, or vaginal bleeding. Attention should also be paid to the history of previous uterine surgery. Strict prenatal management, early identification, and aggressive management can help improve maternal and child outcomes. Hysterectomy is not imperative.
MzDOCK: A free ready‐to‐use GUI‐based pipeline for molecular docking simulations
Authors: Kabier Muzammil , Gambacorta Nicola , Trisciuzzi Daniela , Kumar Sunil , Nicolotti Orazio , Mathew Bijo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMolecular docking is by far the most preferred approach in structure‐based drug design for its effectiveness to predict the scoring and posing of a given bioactive small molecule into the binding site of its pharmacological target. Herein, we present MzDOCK, a new GUI‐based pipeline for Windows operating system, designed with the intent of making molecular docking easier to use and higher reproducible even for inexperienced people. By harmonic integration of python and batch scripts, which employs various open source packages such as Smina (docking engine), OpenBabel (file conversion) and PLIP (analysis), MzDOCK includes many practical options such as: binding site configuration based on co‐crystallized ligands; generation of enantiomers from SMILES input; application of different force fields (MMFF94, MMFF94s, UFF, GAFF, Ghemical) for energy minimization; retention of selectable ions and cofactors; sidechain flexibility of selectable binding site residues; multiple input file format (SMILES, PDB, SDF, Mol2, Mol); generation of reports and of pictures for interactive visualization. Users can download for free MzDOCK at the following link: https://github.com/Muzatheking12/MzDOCK.
Exploration of a novel protease from Phytolacca dodecandra (Endod) berries for potential application in detergent formulation
Authors: Anbesaw Muhammed Seid , Worku Getahun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConventional detergent formulations contain either petroleum‐derived or synthetic chemicals. Hence, the replacement of these chemicals with natural products such as enzymes is considered a green technology. Among these enzymes, protease is renowned in detergent formulations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore and characterize a new protease from Phytolacca dodecandra, because the plant is traditionally known for detergency purposes. Enzyme extraction was performed with Glycine/NaOH buffer, pH = 10.0. Gelatin hydrolysis and agar well diffusion tests were implemented as qualitative assays, whereas the enzyme assay technique was applied for the quantitative investigation of the new protease from plant extracts. The crude enzyme was partially characterized concerning temperature and pH tolerance, washing performance, detergent compatibility, and stability. The finding of this study revealed that Phytolacca dodecandra contains protease and is characterized by 1418.84 U/mL of enzyme activity, where 1 unit (U) of enzyme activity refers to the amount of enzyme required to liberate 1 μg of tyrosine/mL/min under the defined assay conditions. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 10.5 and 45°C. The enzyme was stable and maintained 99.52% activity at 40°C and 91.73% at pH 10.0 after 2 h pre‐incubation. The enzyme showed excellent wash performance and could potentially remove blood stains completely within 3 min. After 2 h of pre‐incubation the enzyme maintained 69.06% and 54.88% of its activity in the presence of Azzy and Sunlight, respectively. The enzyme maintained 71.99% of its residual activity after 60 days of storage. If further studies are conducted, all these properties of the newly investigated protease can make the enzyme applicable in detergent formulations.
Mild surfactant systems containing rhamnolipids for personal cleansers—Building the viscosity and studying the performance
Authors: Li Nan , Shen Hongwei , Wu Shijian , Potanin Andrei , Lee Jonghun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiosurfactants represent a promising choice for the development of environmentally friendly and gentle personal care cleansers. Building viscosity is one of the major challenges to apply biosurfactants. In this study, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (LS) and sodium lauroamphoacetate (LA) were used as bases to build wormlike micelles, and subsequently rhamnolipids were introduced to build mild surfactant systems. The LS‐LA mixture had the highest viscosity at the mass ratio of 1:5 and pH 6.0. After adding 1 wt% and less rhamnolipid, relatively high viscosity can be maintained. The viscosity of LS‐LA‐rhamnolipid can be increased by adding NaCl and more significantly by the addition of carrageenan due to its synergistic interactions with the surfactant mixture. In addition, the foaming properties of the systems are characterized with different amounts of rhamnolipid and carrageenan, which are correlated with the bulk viscosity and interfacial elasticity of the diluted solution used for the foaming test. Rhamnolipids have both high mildness and cleaning efficacy and adding rhamnolipids can significantly increase the mildness of the system. This study offers practical solutions for the incorporation of rhamnolipids or other biosurfactants in the formulation of personal care cleansers.
Single‐Panel Complex Holographic Display with Three‐Phase Covalent Macropixel
Authors: Kim Yunhee , Lee Jonghyun , Na Sehwan , Song Hoon , Kim Soobin , Yu Hyeonseung , Ahn Jungkwon , Choi Chilseong , Kim Hongsuk , Lee Hong‐Seok , Kim Hwi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA single‐panel complex holographic display with a three‐phase covalent macropixel featuring ultralow noise and high‐efficiency 3D image generation is proposed. The essential feature of the proposed three‐phase covalent macropixel is the point‐symmetric covalent concatenation of sub‐pixels and an adaptive computer‐generated hologram encoding algorithm. The proposed single‐panel holographic display exhibits three times signal efficiency enhancement, 1/38 reduction of DC noise, and 1/50 reduction of conjugate noise compared to conventional holographic displays in the generation of full‐color computer‐generated hologram images. This noise reduction leads to three times the optical efficiency enhancement of holographic displays.
Narrative transportation: A systematic literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Thomas Veronica L. , Grigsby Jamie L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConsumers are inundated with opportunities to become engaged with marketing‐generated stories, from watching an influencer detail her adventures abroad or a commercial about a military service member who makes it home just in time for the holidays. When consumers become so engaged with a story that they begin to connect with the story characters and imagine what will happen next, they experience a process known as narrative transportation, which has significant positive outcomes for marketers. Given the value that narrative transportation provides to marketers, we conduct a systematic literature review to both synthesize and provide direction on the literature of narrative transportation. From our analysis of 95 peer‐reviewed articles, we identify relevant theoretical foundations and concepts (antecedents, outcomes, and moderators) employed in these articles. Using these results as our foundation, we detail how narrative transportation has evolved in terms of both the presentation of the story and the antecedents that affect narrative transportation. Further, we present a conceptual model that will represent the next iteration of the narrative transportation framework and suggest avenues for future research. In doing so, we enable researchers to continue the exploration of the narrative transportation construct.
A neural network copula function approach for solving joint basic probability assignment in structural reliability analysis
Authors: Yang Rui‐Shi , Sun Li‐Jun , Li Hai‐Bin , Yang Yong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractApplying evidence theory to structural reliability analysis under epistemic uncertainty, it is necessary to consider the correlation of evidence variables. Among them, solving the joint basic probability assignment (BPA) of the evidence variables is a crucial link. In this study, a solution method of joint BPA based on neural network copula function is proposed. This method is to automatically construct copula function through neural network, which avoids the process of selecting the optimal copula function. Firstly, the neural network copula function is constructed based on the sample set of evidence variables. Then, the expression for solving the joint BPA using the neural network copula function is derived through vectors. Furthermore, the expression is used to map the marginal BPA of evidence variables to joint BPA, thus realizing the solution of joint BPA. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is verified by three examples. The results show that the neural network copula function describes the data distribution better than the optimal copula function selected by the traditional method. In addition, there is actually an error in solving the reliability intervals using the traditional optimal copula function method, whereas the results of this paper's neural network copula function method are more accurate and better for decision making.
Density estimation via measure transport: Outlook for applications in the biological sciences
Authors: López‐Marrero Vanessa , Johnstone Patrick R. , Park Gilchan , Luo Xihaier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOne among several advantages of measure transport methods is that they allow or a unified framework for processing and analysis of data distributed according to a wide class of probability measures. Within this context, we present results from computational studies aimed at assessing the potential of measure transport techniques, specifically, the use of triangular transport maps, as part of a workflow intended to support research in the biological sciences. Scenarios characterized by the availability of limited amount of sample data, which are common in domains such as radiation biology, are of particular interest. We find that when estimating a distribution density function given limited amount of sample data, adaptive transport maps are advantageous. In particular, statistics gathered from computing series of adaptive transport maps, trained on a series of randomly chosen subsets of the set of available data samples, leads to uncovering information hidden in the data. As a result, in the radiation biology application considered here, this approach provides a tool for generating hypotheses about gene relationships and their dynamics under radiation exposure.
The relationship between social capital and inflammatory biomarkers in early adulthood: A longitudinal study
Authors: Teixeira Paula , Leão Teresa , Severo Milton , Ramos Elisabete , Fraga Sílvia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigher levels of social capital (SC) are associated with better health status. However, there is little evidence of the impact of SC on biological health outcomes in the early ages. To identify the association between SC in adolescence and inflammation levels in early adulthood. Prospective study using data from 2435 participants from the Epidemiological Health Investigation of Teenagers in Porto cohort. SC was assessed at age 17 through a self‐administered questionnaire, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and leucocytes were measured in a fasting blood sample at 17 and 21 years‐old. A principal components analysis was performed to identify the domains of SC. Simple linear regressions were performed to assess the association between SC components and inflammatory status at 17 and 21 years old. Pathway analysis was performed to assess the direct, indirect, and total effects of SC on hs‐CRP and leucocyte levels. We did not find a significant total effect between SC at 17 years‐old and hs‐CRP at 21 years‐old. However, the Trust/Reciprocity dimension showed a significant direct effect between SC and hs‐CRP levels at 21 (β = −0.065, 95% CI: −0.129; −0.001), as well as a significant total effect (β = −0.075, 95% CI: −0.139; −0.011). Regarding leucocyte levels, total SC at 17 years‐old was associated with leucocytes levels at 21 (β = −0.115, 95% CI: −0.205; −0.024). Significant direct (β = −0.104, 95% CI: −0.194; −0.014) and total effect (β = −0.107, 95% CI: −0.199; −0.015) of Trust/Reciprocity on leucocyte levels were observed. Adolescents with higher SC have a low inflammatory level in early adulthood, especially those with greater levels of trust/reciprocity.
Giving up learning from failures? An examination of learning from one's own failures in the context of heart surgeons
Authors: Lee Sunkee , Park Jisoo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryWe reassess existing theories on individual failure learning and propose an inverted‐U‐shaped relationship between an individual's accumulated failures and learning, based on a theoretical framework that jointly considers the opportunity, motivation, and perceived ability to learn. Using data on 307 California‐based cardiothoracic surgeons who performed coronary artery bypass graft surgeries in 133 hospitals between 2003 and 2018, we find compelling evidence that individuals reach a threshold at which they discontinue learning from their own failures. We also find that this threshold is higher for surgeons who had higher perceived ability to learn. This article aims to shed new light on the relationship between individuals' failure experience and their learning, and advance our understanding of the microfoundations of organizational learning, an important basis of firm performance.Managerial SummaryThis article explores how individuals learn from their own failures. Contrary to prior theories, we propose a non‐monotonic relationship between accumulated failures and learning: as a function of failures, an individual's performance will initially increase, then taper off, and finally decrease. Analyzing data on 307 cardiothoracic surgeons operating coronary artery bypass graft surgeries, we find such an inverted‐U‐shaped pattern. Notably, surgeons with higher perceived ability to learn—those with elite training, certified expertise, and specialization in patient care—reached the tipping point later than their counterparts. Our findings imply that repeated failures can have both beneficial and harmful impacts on individuals' learning processes, and therefore, both impacts must be simultaneously considered for understanding and improving individuals' performance.