bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A general extremal problem for the class of close-to-convex functions
Authors: Milcetich John G. 
Published: July 2010

Forβ⩾0,Kβ\beta \geqslant 0,{K_\beta }denotes the set of functionsf(z)=z+a2z2+⋯f(z) = z + {a_2}{z^2} + \cdotsdefined on the unit discUwith the representationf′(z)=apβ(z)s(z)/zf’(z) = a{p^\beta }(z)s(z)/z, wherea∈Ca \in C,pis an analytic function with positive real part inU, andsis a normalized starlike function. If0⩽β⩽10 \leqslant \beta \leqslant 1, andζ∈U\zeta \in U, letF(u,v)F(u,v)be analytic in a neighborhood of{(f(ζ),ζ):f∈Kβ}\{ (f(\zeta ),\zeta ):f \in {K_\beta }\}. Thenmax{Re⁡F(f(ζ),ζ):f∈Kβ}\max \{ \operatorname {Re} F(f(\zeta ),\zeta ):f \in {K_\beta }\}occurs for a function of the form\[f(z)=(β+1)−1(x−y)−1[(1+xz)β+1(1+yz)−β−1−1],f(z) = {(\beta + 1)^{ - 1}}{(x - y)^{ - 1}}[{(1 + xz)^{\beta + 1}}{(1 + yz)^{ - \beta - 1}} - 1],\]where|x|=|y|=1|x| = |y| = 1andx≠yx \ne y. If0>β>10 > \beta > 1these are the only extremal functions. A consequence of this result is the determination of the value region{f(ζ)/ζ:f∈Kβ}\{ f(\zeta )/\zeta :f \in {K_\beta }\}as{(β+1)−1(s−t)−1[(1+s)β+1(1+t)−β−1−1]:|s|,|t|⩽|ζ|}\{ {(\beta + 1)^{ - 1}}{(s - t)^{ - 1}}[{(1 + s)^{\beta + 1}}{(1 + t)^{ - \beta - 1}} - 1]:|s|,|t| \leqslant |\zeta |\}.
Weak Chebyshev subspaces and continuous selections for the metric projection
Authors: Nürnberger Günther , Sommer Manfred 
Published: July 2010

Let G be an n-dimensional subspace of

C
[
a
,
b
]

C[a,b]

. It is shown that there exists a continuous selection for the metric projection if for each f in

C
[
a
,
b
]

C[a,b]

there exists exactly one alternation element

g
f

{g_f}

, i.e., a best approximation for f such that for some

a
⩽

x
0

>
⋯
>

x
n

⩽
b

a \leqslant {x_0} > \cdots > {x_n} \leqslant b

,
\[

ε

(
−
1

)
i

(
f
−

g
f

)
(

x
i

)
=

‖

f
−

g
f

‖

,

i
=
0
,
…
,
n
,
ε
=
±
1.

\varepsilon {( - 1)^i}(f - {g_f})({x_i}) = \left \| {f - {g_f}} \right \|,\quad i = 0, \ldots ,n,\varepsilon = \pm 1.

\]
Further it is shown that this condition is fulfilled if and only if G is a weak Chebyshev subspace with the property that each g in G,

g
≠
0

g \ne 0

, has at most n distinct zeros. These results generalize in a certain sense results of Lazar, Morris and Wulbert for

n
=
1

n = 1

and Brown for

n
=
5

n = 5

.
Existence, stability, and compactness in the 𝛼-norm for partial functional differential equations
Authors: Travis C. C. , Webb G. F. 
Published: July 2010

The abstract ordinary functional differential equation

(
a

/

d
t
)
u
(
t
)
=
−
A
u
(
t
)
+
F
(

u
t

)
,

u
0

=
ϕ

(a/dt)u(t) = - Au(t) + F({u_t}),{u_0} = \phi

, is studied, where

−
A

- A

is the infinitesimal generator of an analytic semigroup of linear operators and F is continuous with respect to a fractional power of A.
A note on the operator 𝑋→𝐴𝑋-𝑋𝐵
Authors: Fialkow L. 
Published: July 2010

If A and B are bounded linear operators on an infinite dimensional complex Hilbert space

H

\mathcal {H}

, let

τ
(
X
)

=

A
X

−

X
B

\tau (X)\, = \,AX\, - \,XB

(X in

L

(

H

)

\mathcal {L}(\mathcal {H})

). It is proved that

σ
(
τ
)

=

σ
(
τ

|

C
p

)

(
1

⩽

p

⩽
∞
)

\sigma (\tau )\, = \,\sigma (\tau |{C_p})\,(1\, \leqslant \,p\, \leqslant \infty )

, where, for

1

⩽
p

>

∞

1\, \leqslant p\, > \,\infty

,

C
p

{C_p}

is the Schatten p-ideal, and

C
∞

{C_\infty }

is the ideal of all compact operators in

L

(

H

)

\mathcal {L}(\mathcal {H})

. Analogues of this result for the parts of the spectrum are obtained and sufficient conditions are given for

τ
\tau

to be injective. It is also proved that if A and B are quasisimilar, then the right essential spectrum of A intersects the left essential spectrum of B.
Stability of isometries
Authors: Gruber Peter M. 
Published: July 2010

A map

T
:
E
→
F

T:E \to F

(E, F Banach spaces) is called an

ε
\varepsilon

-isometry if

|

‖

T
(
x
)
−
T
(
y
)

‖

−

‖

x
−
y

‖

|

⩽
ε

\left |\,{\left \| {T(x)-T(y)} \right \|-\left \|{x -y}\right \|}\,\right |\, \leqslant \varepsilon

whenever

x
,

y
∈
E

x,\,y \in E

. Hyers and Ulam raised the problem whether there exists a constant

κ
\kappa

, depending only on E, F, such that for every surjective

ε
\varepsilon

-isometry

T
:
E
→
F

T:E \to F

there exists an isometry

I
:
E
→
F

I:E \to F

with

‖

T
(
x
)
−
I
(
x
)

‖

⩽
κ
ε

{\left \| {T(x) - I(x)} \right \|}\leqslant \kappa \varepsilon

for every

x
∈
E

x \in E

. It is shown that, whenever this problem has a solution for E, F, one can assume

κ
⩽
5

\kappa \leqslant 5

. In particular this holds true in the finite dimensional case.
Persistent manifolds are normally hyperbolic
Authors: Mañé Ricardo 
Published: July 2010

Let M be a smooth manifold,

f
:

M

∣
a

C

1

f:\,M\,\mid \text {a}\,{{C}^{1}}

diffeomorphism and

V
⊂
M

a

C

1

V \subset M\,{\text {a}}\,{{\text {C}}^1}

compact submanifold without boundary invariant under f (i.e.

f

(
V
)

=

V

f\left ( V \right )\, = \,V

). We say that V is a persistent manifold for f if there exists a compact neighborhood U of V such that

∩

n

∈

z

f
n

(
U
)

=

V

{ \cap _{n\, \in \,{\textbf {z}}}}\,{f^n}\left ( U \right )\, = \,V

, and for all diffeomorphisms

g
:

M

∣

g:\,M\,\mid

near to f in the

C
1

{C^1}

topology the set

V
g

=

∩

n

∈

z

g
n

(
U
)

{V_g}\, = \,{ \cap _{n\, \in \,{\textbf {z}}}}{g^n}\left ( U \right )

is a

C
1

{C^1}

submanifold without boundary

C
1

{C^1}

near to V. Several authors studied sufficient conditions for persistence of invariant manifolds. Hirsch, Pugh and Shub proved that normally hyperbolic manifolds are persistent, where normally hyperbolic means that there exist a Tf-invariant splitting

T
M

/

V

=

N
s

V

⊕

N
u

V

⊕

T
V

TM/V\, = \,{N^s}V\, \oplus \,{N^u}V\, \oplus \,TV

and constants

K

>

0

K\, > \,0

,

0

>

λ

>

1

0\, > \,\lambda \, > \,1

such that:
\[

‖

(

T
f

)

n

/

N
x
s

V

‖

≤

K

λ
n

,

‖

(

T
f

)

−
n

/

N
x
u

V

‖

≤

K

λ
n

,

‖

(

T
f

)

n

/

N
x
s

V

‖

⋅

‖

(

T
f

)

−
n

/

T

f
n

(
x
)

V

‖

≤

K

λ
n

\begin {gathered} \left \| {{{\left ( {Tf} \right )}^n}/N_x^sV} \right \|\, \leq \,K{\lambda ^n},\,\left \| {{{\left ( {Tf} \right )}^{ - n}}/N_x^uV} \right \|\, \leq \,K{\lambda ^n}, \left \| {{{\left ( {Tf} \right )}^n}/N_x^sV} \right \|\, \cdot \,\left \| {{{\left ( {Tf} \right )}^{ - n}}/{T_{{f^n}\left ( x \right )}}V} \right \|\, \leq \,K{\lambda ^n} \end {gathered}

\]
for all

n

>

0

n\, > \,0

,

x

∈

V

x\, \in \,V

. In this paper we prove the converse result, namely that persistent manifolds are normally hyperbolic.
Control problems governed by a pseudo-parabolic partial differential equation
Authors: White Luther W. 
Published: July 2010

Let G be a bounded domain in

R
n

{R^n}

and

Q

=

G

×

(

0
,

T

)

Q\, = \,G\, \times \,\left ( {0,\,T} \right )

. We consider the solution

y

(
u
)

y\left ( u \right )

of the pseudo-parabolic initial-value problem

(

1

+

M

(
x
)

)

y
t

(
u
)

+

L

(
x
)

y

(
u
)

=

u

in

L
2

(
Q
)

,

y

(

⋅
,

0
;

u

)

=

0

in

L
2

(
G
)

,

\begin{multline} \left ( {1\, + \,M\left ( x \right )} \right )\,{y_t}\,\left ( u \right )\, + \,L\left ( x \right )\,y\left ( u \right )\, = \,u\,{\text {in}}\,{L^2}\,\left ( Q \right ), \hfill \\ y\left ( { \cdot ,\,0;\,u} \right )\, = \,0\,{\text {in}}\,{L^2}\,\left ( G \right ), \hfill \\ \end{multline}

, to be the state corresponding to the control u. Here

M

(
x
)

M\left ( x \right )

and

L

(
x
)

L\left ( x \right )

are symmetric uniformly strongly elliptic second-order partial differential operators. The control problem is to find a control

u
0

{u_0}

in a fixed ball in

L
2

(
Q
)

{L^2}\left ( Q \right )

such that (i) the endpoint of the corresponding state

y

(

⋅
,

T
;

u
0

)

y\left ( { \cdot ,\,T;\,{u_0}} \right )

lies in a given neighborhood of a target Z in

L
2

(
G
)

{L^2}\left ( G \right )

and (ii)

u
0

{u_0}

minimizes a certain energy functional. In this paper we establish results concerning the controllability of the states and the compatibility of the constraints, existence and uniqueness of the optimal control, existence and properties of Lagrange multipliers associated with the constraints, and regularity properties of the optimal control.
On parabolic measures and subparabolic functions
Authors: Wu Jang Mei G. 
Published: July 2010

Let D be a domain in

R
x
n

×

R
t
1

R_x^n \, \times \, R_t^1

and

∂
p

D

{\partial _p}D

be the parabolic boundary of D. Suppose

∂
p

D

{\partial _p}D

is composed of two parts B and S: B is given locally by

t
=
τ

t = \tau

and S is given locally by the graph of

x
n

=
f
(

x
1

,

x
2

,
⋯
,

x

n
−
1

,
t
)

{x_n} = f({x_1},{x_2}, \cdots ,{x_{n - 1}},t)

where f is Lip 1 with respect to the local space variables and Lip

1
2

\tfrac {1} {2}

with respect to the universal time variable. Let

σ
\sigma

be the n-dimensional Hausdorff measure in

R

n
+
1

{R^{n + 1}}

and

σ
′

\sigma ’

be the

(
n
−
1
)

(n - 1)

-dimensional Hausdorff measure in

R

n

{\textbf {R}^n}

. And let

d
m
(
E
)
=
d
σ
(
E
∩
B
)
+
d

σ
′

×
d
t
(
E
∩
S
)

dm(E) = d\sigma (E \cap B) + d{\sigma ’} \times dt(E \cap S)

for

E
⊆

∂
p

D

E \subseteq {\partial _p}D

. We study (i) the relation between the parabolic measure on

∂
p

D

{\partial _p}D

and the measure dm on

∂
p

D

{\partial _p}D

and (ii) the boundary behavior of subparabolic functions on D.
On Castelnuovo’s inequality for algebraic curves. I
Authors: Accola Robert D. M. 
Published: July 2010

Let

W
p

{W_p}

be a Riemann surface of genus p admitting a simple linear series

g
n
r

g_n^r

where

n

=

m
(
r
−
1
)

+

q
,

q

=

2
,

3
,
.
.
.
,

r
−
1

n\, =\, m(r - 1)\, +\, q,\,\, q\, =\, 2,\,3,...,\,r - 1

, or r. Castelnuovo’s inequality states that (1)

2
p

⩽

2
f
(
r
,
n
,
1
)

=

m
(
m
−
1
)
(
r
−
1
)

+

2
m
(
q
−
1
)

2p\, \leqslant \, 2f(r,n,1)\, =\, m(m - 1)(r - 1)\, +\, 2m(q - 1)

. By further work of Castelnuovo, equality in (1) and

q

>

r

q\, >\, r

implies that

W
p

{W_p}

admits a plane model of degree

n

−

r

+

2

n\, -\, r\, +\, 2

with

r

−

2

r\, -\, 2

m-fold singularities and one

(
n

−

r

+

1

−

m
)

(n\, -\, r\, +\, 1\, -\, m)

-fold singularity. Formula (1) generalizes as follows. Suppose

W
p

{W_p}

admits s simple linear series

g
n
r

g_n^r

where

n

=

m
(
r
s
−
1
)

+

q

n\, =\, m(rs - 1)\, +\, q

and

q
=
−
(
s
−
1
)
r
+
2
,

−
(
s
−
1
)
r
+
3
,
…
,
r
−
1

q = - (s - 1)r + 2,\, - (s - 1)r + 3,\ldots ,r - 1

, or r. For q consider the cases

v
=
0
,
1
,
…
,
s
−
1

v = 0,1,\ldots ,s - 1

as follows: case

v

=

0
:
2
⩽
q
⩽
r

v\, =\, 0:2 \leqslant q \leqslant r

, case

v
>
0
:
2
⩽
q
+
v
r
⩽
r
+
1

v > 0:2 \leqslant q + vr \leqslant r + 1

. Then (2)

2
p

⩽

2
f
(
r
,

n
,

s
)

=

m
2

(
r

s
2

−

s
)

+

m
s
(
2
q

−

1

−

r
)

−

v
(
v

−

1
)
r

−

2
v
(
q

−

1
)

2p \,\leqslant \, 2f(r,\,n,\,s)\, =\, {m^2}(r{s^2}\, -\, s) \,+\, ms(2q \,-\, 1\, -\, r)\, -\, v (v \, -\, 1)r\, -\, 2v (q \,-\, 1)

. Examples show that (2) is sharp. Finally, if

n

=

m
′

r

+

q
′

n\, = \,m’r\, + \,q’

,

q
′

=

1
,

2
,

…
,

r

−

1

q’\, = \,1,\,2,\, \ldots ,\,r\, - \,1

, or r and

W
p

{W_p}

admits

m
′

+

1

m’\, + \,1

simple

g
n

r

g_n^{r}

’s then (3)

2
p

⩽

2
f

(
r

+

1
,

n

+

1
,

1
)

=

m
′

(

m
′

−

1
)
r

+

2

m
′

q
′

2p\, \leqslant \,2f\,(r\, + \,1,\,n\, + \,1,\,1)\, = \,m’\,(m’\, - \,1)r\, + \,2m’\,q’\,

. Since

f
(
r
,

n
,

2
)

>

f
(
r
,

n
,

1
)

f(r,\,n,\,2)\, > \,f(r,\,n,\,1)

we obtain as a corollary: if

p

=

f
(
r
,

n
,

1
)

p\, = \,f(r,\,n,\,1)

then

W
p

{W_p}

admits at most one simple

g
n
r

g_n^r

.
Optimal stochastic switching and the Dirichlet problem for the Bellman equation
Authors: Evans Lawrence C. , Friedman Avner 
Published: July 2010

Let

L
i

{L^i}

be a sequence of second order elliptic operators in a bounded n-dimensional domain

Ω
\Omega

, and let

f
i

{f^i}

be given functions. Consider the problem of finding a solution u to the Bellman equation

sup
i

(

L
i

u

−

f
i

)

=

0

{\sup _i}({L^i}u\, - \,{f^i})\, = \,0

a.e. in

Ω
\Omega

, subject to the Dirichlet boundary condition

u

=

0

u\, = \,0

on

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

. It is proved that, provided the leading coefficients of the

L
i

{L^i}

are constants, there exists a unique solution u of this problem, belonging to

W

1
,
∞

(
Ω
)

∩

W

loc

2
,
∞

(
Ω
)

{W^{1,\infty }}(\Omega )\, \cap \,W_{{\text {loc}}}^{2,\infty }(\Omega )

. The solution is obtained as a limit of solutions of certain weakly coupled systems of nonlinear elliptic equations; each component of the vector solution converges to u. Although the proof is entirely analytic, it is partially motivated by models of stochastic control. We solve also certain systems of variational inequalities corresponding to switching with cost.
Equivariant concordance of invariant knots
Authors: Stoltzfus Neal W. 
Published: July 2010

The classification of equivariant concordance classes of high-dimensional codimension two knots invariant under a cyclic action, T, of order m has previously been reported on by Cappell and Shaneson [CS2]. They give an algebraic solution in terms of their algebraic k-theoretic

Γ
\Gamma

-groups. This work gives an alternative description by generalizing the well-known Seifert linking forms of knot theory to the equivariant case. This allows explicit algorithmic computations by means of the procedures and invariants of algebraic number theory (see the subsequent work [St], particularly Theorem 6.13). Following Levine [L3], we define bilinear forms on the middle-dimensional homology of an equivariant Seifert surface

B
i

(
x
,
y
)
=
L
(
x
,

i
+

(

T

∗

i

y
)
)

{B_i}(x,y) = L(x,{i_ + }(T_{\ast }^iy))

, for

i
=
1
,
⋯
,
m

i = 1, \cdots ,m

. Our first result (2.5) is that an invariant knot is equivariantly concordant to an invariant trivial knot if and only if there is a subspace of half the rank on which the

B
i

{B_i}

vanish simultaneously. We then introduce the concepts of equivariant isometric structure and algebraic concordance which mirror the preceding geometric ideas. The resulting equivalence classes form a group under direct sum which has infinitely many elements of each of the possible orders (two, four and infinite), at least for odd periods. The central computation (3.4) gives an isomorphism of the equivariant concordance group with the subgroup of the algebraic knot concordance group whose Alexander polynomial,

Δ
\Delta

, satisfies the classical relation

|

∏

i
=

1

m

Δ

(

λ
i

)

|

=

1

\left | {\prod \nolimits _{i = \,1}^m {\Delta \left ( {{\lambda ^i}} \right )} } \right |\, = \,1\,

, where

λ
\lambda

is a primitive mth root of unity. This condition assures that the m-fold cover of the knot complement is also a homology circle, permitting the geometric realization of each equivariant isometric structure. Finally, we make an explicit computation of the Browder-Livesay desuspension invariant for knots invariant under an involution and also elucidate the connection of our methods with the results of [CS2] by explicitly describing a homomorphism from the group of equivariant isometric structures to the appropriate

Γ
\Gamma

-group.
The homotopy type of the space of diffeomorphisms. II
Authors: Burghelea Dan , Lashof Richard 
Published: July 2010

The result (proved in Part I) that

Diff

(

D
n

,
∂
)
≃

Ω

n
+
1

(

PL
n

/

O
n

)

{\operatorname {Diff}}({D^n},\partial ) \simeq {\Omega ^{n + 1}}({\text {PL}_n}/{O_n})

is used to compute some new homotopy of

Diff

(

D
n

,
∂

D
n

)

{\operatorname {Diff}}({D^n},\partial {D^n})

. The relation between smooth and PL pseudo-isotopy is explored. Known and new results on the homotopy of

PL
n

{\text {PL}_n}

are summarized.
First Report of Pythium myriotylum Causing Root and Stem Rot on Tobacco in Zimbabwe
Authors: Sigobodhla T. E. , Dimbi S. , Masuka A. J. 
Published: July 2010

Pythium species have a wide host range and are important pathogens of many agricultural crops. In Zimbabwe, 15 isolates of Pythium have been obtained from symptomatic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in the new float seedling production system. This production system now accounts for 25 to 30% of the tobacco industry's annual requirement of 975 million seedlings. Disease symptoms are observed usually 5 to 6 weeks after sowing as wilting and yellowing of leaves followed by rotting of the roots, and in severe cases, seedling death. Up to 70% seedling loss has been reported in commercial seedbeds. In a study to fulfill Koch's postulates and to determine the susceptibility of 16 commercially grown tobacco cultivars, seedlings were produced in float trays and inoculated individually with 1 ml of Pythium (Isolate Py 19) spores (1 × 104 CFU/ml) and mycelium pipetted around the base of the stem of each seedling 9 weeks after sowing. First symptoms appeared 7 to 10 days after inoculation as yellowing and wilting of leaves. When seedlings were pulled, the lower portion of the stem and roots were brown and rotted. Seedling mortality averaged 29% and disease incidence was 96 to 100% among cultivars. All 16 tobacco cultivars were susceptible to Pythium root and stem rot and there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in their susceptibility to the disease. The pathogen was reisolated from the inoculated seedlings. The representative isolate (Py 19) sent to Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, the Netherlands was identified as Pythium myriotylum Drechsler (CBS Accession No. 125021) (2). P. aphanidermatum, causing black stem rot, and P. debaryanum and P. ultimum, responsible for damping-off (3), have been reported in the predominant conventional soil-based tobacco seedling production system, but do not cause economic losses. However, stem and root rot caused by P. myriotylum threaten the float seedling production system in Zimbabwe, although a chemical curative control of the disease has been recommended and is now widely practiced. P. myriotylum has previously been reported in the tobacco float seedling production system in South Carolina (1). To our knowledge, this constitutes the first published report of P. myriotylum on tobacco in Zimbabwe. References: (1) M. G. Anderson et al. Plant Dis. 81:227, 1997. (2) Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures. Retrieved from http://www.cbs.knaw.nl , 2010. (3) A. J. Masuka et al. List of Plant Diseases in Zimbabwe. Department of Research and Extension and Tobacco Research Board. Harare, Zimbabwe, 2003.
Virulence in Puccinia triticina for Durum Wheat Cultivar Creso and Other Durum Wheat Cultivars Carrying Resistance Gene Lr14a in France
Authors: Goyeau H. , Ammar K. , Berder J. 
Published: July 2010

Durum wheat cv. Creso has been mentioned as having durable resistance to leaf rust (2–4). However, an average final disease level of 70S on the modified Cobb scale was scored on Creso across three locations in inoculated field trials in France during 2009. A mixture of two durum wheat leaf rust isolates commonly found in France was used for the inoculation, one was virulent on Lr23 and the other was avirulent on this gene, their identical avirulence/virulence formula for other genes was Lr1, 2a, 2b, 3, 3bg, 3ka, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27+31/Lr2c, 10, 14a, 14b, 20, 21, 33, and 44. On cv. Llareta Inia and breeding line Somateria, both of which carry the resistance gene Lr14a, the average final disease level was, respectively, 95S and 80S. Creso, Llareta Inia, and Somateria displayed average final disease levels of, respectively, 0, 10S, and 1 in field trials inoculated with race CBG/BP in 2009 at two locations in Mexico (Ciudad Obregon and El Batan). Race CBG/BP, virulent on Lr3, 10, 11, 14b, 20, 23, 27 + 31, and 33, is the most widely virulent race identified so far in Mexico where Lr14a remains effective for durum wheat. Virulence for Lr14a in durum wheat leaf rust populations was already mentioned to be present in France since 2000 (1). It has been suggested that the resistance of Creso, which has remained durable in Italy since 1975 (4), could be due to a gene close to but different from Lr14a. Alternatively, the fact that Creso's reaction was significantly lower than those of Llareta Inia or Somateria could indicate the presence of another gene, of minor effect, in addition to Lr14a. Whatever the genetic basis of the Creso resistance may be, it has been overcome by common French pathotypes and its usefulness in breeding, at a regional if not global level, has become questionable. References: (1) H. Goyeau et al. Phytopathology 96:264, 2006. (2) S. A. Herrera-Foessel et al. Plant Dis. 92:469, 2008. (3) M. Maccaferri et al. Theor. Appl. Genet. 117:1225, 2008. (4) D. Marone et al. Mol. Breed. 24:25, 2009.
Evaluation of the Soybean Rust Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education (PIPE) Public Website's Impact on Certified Crop Advisers
Authors: Bradley C. A. , Allen T. W. , Dorrance A. E. , Dunphy E. J. , Giesler L. J. , Hershman D. E. , Hollier C. A. , Horn V. , Wrather J. A. 
Published: July 2010

Certified Crop Advisers (CCAs) in Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, and Ohio were surveyed to determine the usefulness of the Soybean Rust Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education (PIPE) public website (sbr.ipmpipe.org). Their responses were collected using a webbased survey instrument. A total of 361 CCAs of 3,051 contacted (12%) responded to the survey. In addition to being asked to evaluate the Soybean Rust PIPE public website, the CCAs were asked about the value of the sentinel plot network used to monitor the spread of soybean rust in the United States. The majority (> 90%) of the CCAs indicated that they value the Soybean Rust PIPE public website and sentinel plot network, and that they felt somewhat to very confident in the sentinel plot network. Accepted for publication 5 May 2010. Published 1 July 2010.
First Report of Groundnut ringspot virus Infecting Tomato in South Florida
Authors: Webster Craig G. , Perry Keith L. , Lu Xiaoyun , Horsman Loren , Frantz Galen , Mellinger Charles , Adkins Scott 
Published: July 2010

To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of GRSV in the United States in any host, although TSWV has been present in Florida for many years. Although the detection of GRSV in Florida tomatoes is cause for concern, the close relationship of GRSV and TSWV may allow successful adaptation of the integrated disease management strategies currently in use for TSWV in tomatoes for management of GRSV. Accepted for publication 17 May 2010. Published 7 July 2010.
Temporal Control of Trichome Distribution by MicroRNA156-TargetedSPLGenes inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Yu Nan , Cai Wen-Juan , Wang Shucai , Shan Chun-Min , Wang Ling-Jian , Chen Xiao-Ya 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe production and distribution of plant trichomes is temporally and spatially regulated. After entering into the flowering stage, Arabidopsis thaliana plants have progressively reduced numbers of trichomes on the inflorescence stem, and the floral organs are nearly glabrous. We show here that SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE (SPL) genes, which define an endogenous flowering pathway and are targeted by microRNA 156 (miR156), temporally control the trichome distribution during flowering. Plants overexpressing miR156 developed ectopic trichomes on the stem and floral organs. By contrast, plants with elevated levels of SPLs produced fewer trichomes. During plant development, the increase in SPL transcript levels is coordinated with the gradual loss of trichome cells on the stem. The MYB transcription factor genes TRICHOMELESS1 (TCL1) and TRIPTYCHON (TRY) are negative regulators of trichome development. We show that SPL9 directly activates TCL1 and TRY expression through binding to their promoters and that this activation is independent of GLABROUS1 (GL1). The phytohormones cytokinin and gibberellin were reported to induce trichome formation on the stem and inflorescence via the C2H2 transcription factors GIS, GIS2, and ZFP8, which promote GL1 expression. We show that the GIS-dependent pathway does not affect the regulation of TCL1 and TRY by miR156-targeted SPLs, represented by SPL9. These results demonstrate that the miR156-regulated SPLs establish a direct link between developmental programming and trichome distribution.