bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Method for the Quantification of Cellular Composition in Lymphoma Biopsies
Authors: Schultz Henrik 
Published: August 2010

A method for the classification and quantification of lymphoma cells in non‐Hodgkin lymphomas is described. Lymphoma‐cell types were defined and used in differential counts of haematoxylin and eosine stained paraffin‐embedded sections.The following cell types were distinguished: small lymphoid cells (small lymphocytes and small plasma cells), medium‐sized lymphoid cells (round, cleaved and cerebriform lymphocytes, and medium‐sized plasma cells), and large lymphoid cells (lymphoblastic, round triple‐nucleolated, and pleomorphic types). The intra‐observer agreement in the classification of cell types was 43–85 %. The agreement in distinguishing small, medium‐sized, and large lymphoid cells was 85–92 %. In differential counts in contrast to conventional histologic classification all cellular profiles were classified regardless of possible tangential cutting. 92 % of the cellular profiles at different sectional planes of the same cells were consistently classified, indicating that tangential cutting of cells only influenced the differential counts to a minor degree. By the quantification of cellular composition in multiple, randomly selected areas, classified as representative at low power magnification, only small intra‐lymphoma variations were observed in contrast to marked inter‐lymphoma variations.The high reproducibility of lymphoma‐cell types in combination with the small intralymphoma variation makes the quantifiable method suitable in the histological evaluation of non‐Hodgkin lymphomas.
The Production and Availability of Tissue Thromboplastin in Cellular Populations of Whole Blood Exposed to Various Concentrations of Endotoxin
Authors: Østerud Bjarne , Bjørklid Eirik 
Published: August 2010

These studies were undertaken to determine the type and availability of the procoagulant activities generated in blood incubated with endotoxin.The shortening of the recalcification time of blood incubated with endotoxin was directly correlated with the increase in synthesis of tissue thromboplastin in the monocytes. The procoagulant activity which resulted in the shortening of the clotting time was shown to be almost totally blocked by tissue thromboplastin antibodies. Thus, no additional procoagulant activity was generated in platelets during the 5 h incubation of blood with endotoxin. However, lysed platelets enhanced the synthesis of tissue thromboplastin in blood monocytes in the presence of endotoxin. Lysed red blood cells or granulocytes had no such effect. In endotoxin stimulated monocytes the main part of the newly synthesized tissue thromboplastin appeared to be exposed on the cellular surface. Thus, only 25 % of the tissue thromboplastin activity was recovered when tissue thromboplastin antibodies had been present during the stimulation. Unstimulated monocytes were also found to possess tissue thromboplastin activity, but this low activity was not affected by tissue thromboplastin antibodies unless the monocytes were disrupted by sonication. The high percentage of tissue thromboplastin exposed on the surface of the endotoxin stimulated monocytes in whole blood may contribute significantly to the rapid induction of disseminated intravascular coagulation in gram negative sepsis.
An Abnormal Inherited Fibrinogen (Fibrinogen Genova) with Delayed Fibrin Aggregation
Authors: Hassan H. J. , Orlando M. , Tonini G. P. , Casalbore P. , Sarti A. , Boeri E. , Giacchino R. , Tentori L. , Mori P. G. 
Published: August 2010

A new autosomally inherited dysfibrinogenaemia was recognized in 3 members of an Italian family. No bleeding tendency or thrombotic disease in any of the affected members were demonstrated.Coagulation tests revealed prolonged prothrombin, thrombin and Reptilase times. Plasma fibrinogen levels were normal with immunologic method and slightly reduced with chrono‐metric assay: the other blood coagulation factors were normal. In addition, cross‐immuno‐electrophoresis performed on patients' plasma was indistinguishable from the normal.Dysfibrinogenaemia was confirmed by studying the purified fibrinogen. The fibrin polymerization curve, measured spectrophotometrically, showed a lower slope than the normal. A delay in fibrin monomer aggregation was revealed when compared to the normal at an equal concentration. The release of fibrinopeptides was normal. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and cross‐immunoelectrophoresis of purified fibrinogen were not able to demonstrate any structural abnormality. The fibrinogen was named fibrinogen Genova.
Effect of 2 Anti‐Arrhythmic Drugs Aprindine and Moxaprindine on the Replication Capacity of Murine and Human Haemopoietic Cells
Authors: Stryckmans P. A. , Ronge‐Collard E. , Delforge A. , Lambert M. , Suciu S. 
Published: August 2010

Aprindine, a potent anti‐arrhythmic agent, occasionally seems responsible for agranulocytosis. In order to study its potential haematological toxicity, 3 different in vitro tests were used: (a) the capacity of human and mice bone marrow to incorporate tritiated thymidine (3HTdR), (b) the capacity of stimulated human blood lymphocytes to incorporate 3HTdR and (c) the capacity of human granulocyte‐macrophage stem cells to form colonies in agar. For all these tests aprindine was found to be toxic at concentrations close to the clinical therapeutic serum concentration.Moxaprindine, chemically very close to aprindine exhibits also an anti‐arrhythmic activity. It was examined in the same tests in parallel with the study af aprindine. Moxaprindine also exhibited haematological toxicity in the tests but at a significantly higher concentration, approximately twice that of aprindine. Assuming that these in vitro tests are relevant to the in vivo haematological toxicity, moxaprindine could be considered a clinically safer antiarrhythmic agent than aprindine.
Functional Studies on Lymphocytes from Two Siblings with Congenital Hypogammaglobulinaemia
Authors: Tauris Palle , Hansen Peter Wendelboe 
Published: August 2010

Two brothers with hypogammaglobulinaemia classified as common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) were investigated for distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) subpopulations, DNA synthesis and plaque‐forming cell (PFC) capability of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) activated autologous and allogenic cocultures. Both patients had a decreased absolute number of T cells and normal or elevated levels of surface immunoglobulin (SmIg) bearing cells.Isolated B cells cocultured with autologous or allogeneic 4000 r irradiated T cells responded subnormally to PWM monitored by the 3H‐thymidine incorporation in microcultures whereas B cells cocultured with allogeneic untreated normal T cells proliferated normally.PBL from parallel macrocultures of unfractionated or T/B separated patients' cells were not able to produce plaques using a reversed haemolytic protein A assay. Addition of glucocorticoid to unfractionated PBL did not reverse the unresponsiveness. In allogeneic co‐cultures patients' untreated or 2000 r irradiated T cells induced a normal PFC response. Normal untreated T cells induced a reduced number of IgM‐ and IgG‐PFC from patients' B cells but this response was almost eliminated using irradiated normal T cells.These results demonstrate a primary B cell defect in the patients and indicate an impaired cooperation between patients' B and T cells. Activation of patients' B cells to Ig secretion requires the presence of proliferating T cells.
Folic Acid Deficiency in β‐Thalassaemia Heterozygotes
Authors: Castaldi G. , Bagni B. , Trotta F. , Menegale G. , Cavallini A. R. , Piffanelli A. 
Published: August 2010

Plasma and red cell folate mean contents have been found to be significantly lower in 41 symptom‐free β‐thalassaemia heterozygotes than in 21 controls. Such decreases must be considered as effects of an increased folate utilization caused by the enhanced total, both effective and ineffective, erythropoiesis.Since no close correlation has been found between packed cell volume and plasma or red blood cell folate levels, it seems that in ‘healthy’ β‐thalassaemia subjects, the degree of anaemia is not influenced by folate body reserves. However, the frequent finding of reduced red cell folate contents suggests that further folate imbalance might lead to clinically significant degrees of folate deficiency.
Myeloperoxidase‐Deficient Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes
Authors: Bendix‐Hansen Knud , Nielsen Henning Kaspersen 
Published: August 2010

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of blood granulocytes was estimated in 96 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), in 35 patients obtaining complete remission and in 14 of these patients during later relapse. As the pretreatment value of MPO activity was the same in patients who died before obtaining remission as in patients obtaining complete remission, determination of MPO‐deficient PMN has no prognostic value with respect to the probability of obtaining complete remission. While half of the untreated patients had increased numbers of MPO‐deficient PMN in the blood, all patients in complete remission had normal MPO activity (P = 0.0002). A normalization of the MPO activity after induction therapy, therefore suggests remission. Positive correlations could be demonstrated between an initially abnormal MPO activity and abnormal activity at relapse as well as between an initially normal MPO activity and normal activity at relapse (P = 0.0004).It is concluded that determination of the % of MPO‐deficient PMN in the blood, may be a useful indicator of complete remission in AML, and in serial determinations during the remission phase also an indicator of threatening relapse.
The prolonging effect of Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor on the thrombin clotting time
Authors: ARNESEN H. , KIERULF P. , GRAVEM K. 
Published: August 2010

Urokinase‐induced fibrinogenolysis was monitored with thrombin clotting time, and inhibited by adding Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor (STI). Depending on the concentration of STI (dialysed or non‐dialysed), the thrombin clotting time was always immediately prolonged upon the addition of STI. At a concentration of 0.2–0.5 mg/ml (final conc.) no progressive prolongation of the thrombin clotting time occurred, indicating inhibited fibrinogenolysis.By monitoring a mixture of purified human fibrinogen, thrombin and various amounts of STI, with quantitative N‐terminal analysis, the thrombin clotting time prolonging effect of STI was further examined. N‐terminal glycine increase, reflecting fibrin formation rate by thrombin, was unaffected by STI, whereas visible gelation occurred more slowly in the presence of STI.Thus, STI (or a non‐dialysable contaminant) acts as a fibrin polymerization inhibitor, and not as an anti‐thrombin, even at concentrations regularly used to inhibit fibrinogenolysis in plasma.
Granulopoietic precursors in chronic neutropenia
Authors: Niskanen Eero , Phillips Steven L. , Hess Charles E. 
Published: August 2010

11 patients with chronic neutropenia were evaluated. In 6 patients low numbers of CFU‐DG were observed. Only 3 of these patients also had low CFU‐C numbers, suggesting that these two precursors are not identical. Bone marrow samples from 2 patients were restudied a year later. The number of CFU‐DG remained low while CFU‐C numbers increased to control range in 1 patient. Studies for serum inhibitors were negative. No cytogenetic abnormalities were observed.This study suggests that abnormalities at different levels in the haemopoietic precursor cell hierarchy can be detected either simultaneously or independently in patients with chronic neutropenia.
p69,71 Antigen Complex Detected by Monoclonal Antibody Leu 1 in the Identification of Particular Stages of Malignant B‐Cell Differentiation
Authors: Herrmann Friedhelm , Komischke Barbara , Ludwig Wolf‐Dieter , Sieber Gerhard , Rühl Hartmut , Langermann Hans‐Joachim 
Published: August 2010

Lymphomatous cell samples from 86 patients with B‐cell neoplasia (34 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, 8 hairy‐cell leukaemia, 5 prolymphocytic leukaemia, 20 immunocytic lymphoma, 9 centrocytic lymphoma, 3 centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma, 3 lymphoblastic lymphoma, 1 plasma cell leukaemia and 3 plasmacytoma) were studied using the monoclonal antibody Leu 1, detecting a p69,71 antigen complex present on nearly all thymocytes, most (> 85%) peripheral T‐lymphocytes as well as some malignant B‐cells. Furthermore, we compared the reactivity of Leu 1‐positive B‐cells with those exhibiting conventional surface markers such as mouse‐erythrocyte‐receptor, FcIgG‐receptor, C3b‐ or C3d‐receptor and surface immunoglobulins of the various heavy‐ and light‐chain types.Our results demonstrate a correlation between the expression of p69,71 antigen complex and distinct phenotypes revealed by conventional markers and underline the value of Leu 1 monoclonal antibody in the differential diagnosis of human B‐cell neoplasia.
Prognostic factors for relapse‐free survival in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Clausen Niels , Scheibel Elma , Nyboe Jørgen 
Published: August 2010

11 variables determined at the onset of acute lymphocytic leukaemia were tested to predict disease‐free survival in 267 children. All children had received similar induction treatment and basic maintenance therapy, whereas 5 different reinforcement treatments were administered irrespective of the severity of the disease at onset. Three modes of prophylactic central nervous system treatment were employed. The risk of relapse was significantly increased for leucocyte count above 50 times 109/1, lymphoblasts above 80% in peripheral blood, age below 2 years or over 5 years, and for males. The risk of relapse was increased by estimated factors of 1.9, 2.3, 1.7, and 1.7, respectively.When the above 4 variables were included in the model, no further prognostic value was demonstrated for haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, signs of bleeding in the skin, mucous membranes or intracranially, presence of leukaemic infiltrations outside the bone marrow, hepatosplenomegaly, mediastinal mass, or T‐ or B‐cell leukaemia. However, evaluation of T‐ or B‐lymphoblast type impact was hampered by small numbers.
A Study of Psycho‐social Aspects of Both Haemophiliacs and Carriers in Greece
Authors: Pittadaki J. , Louizou C. , Mandalaki T. 
Published: August 2010

The aim of this research study was firstly to investigate the implications of the psycho‐social aspects of haemophiliacs/carriers in Greece and secondly to understand human nature and thus be able to handle haemophiliacs' and carriers' anxieties and fears.The design and methodology of the study was an exploratory and descriptive one. The total membership was a random sample of hundred haemophiliacs and hundred carriers. Only 89 and 75 respectively answered. Two questionnaires were administered with a veiw to obtain the groups' reactions and attitudes to various psycho‐social aspects affecting their personal life and environment. The questionnaires consisted of open‐ended and closed questions. The findings from this study suggested that haemophiliacs experience pain, parental anxiety, stress in the family and interference with family plans in a more realistic and objective way. This attitude could be a result either from a genuine awareness of their disease or from the psychology of defending oneself through denial. With regard to carriers it was found that similar psycho‐social aspects had significant signs of exaggeration in terms of fear and anxiety. This could be attributed to the inappropriateness of their defensive reaction. The evaluation of the responses in the light of the actual situation, confirms the above results with an even greater emphasis on tendencies.
Assay of Factor VIII:C with a Chromogenic Substrate
Authors: Rosén S. 
Published: August 2010

A chromogenic method for the determination of factor VIII:C in plasma and concentrate has been developed. Bovine factor Xa is generated in a system containing bovine factors IXa and X, Ca2+ and phospholipid. The amount of factor Xa formed is directly proportional to the amount of factor VIII:C. Thus, after hydrolysis of the factor Xa selective chromogenic substrate S‐2222, the colour produced by released p‐nitroaniline is linearly related to the concentration of factor VIII:C in the sample. Hydrolysis of the substrate by thrombin is prevented by including the thrombin inhibitor I‐2581. A major methodological advantage is the exclusion of hemophilia A plasma or artificially prepared factor VIII deficient plasma.The detection limit is 1 per cent factor VIII:C, and the CV is lower than 5 per cent in both the earlier defined ranges, 1–20 per cent and 15 ‐ 100 per cent factor VIII:C and in the recently introduced extended range 20–150 per cent factor VIII:C. The resolution in the 15–100 per cent range is about 0.008 absorbance units per per cent factor VIII:C, allowing a good discrimination between samples containing e.g. 30–70 per cent factor VIII:C.Comparative studies between the chromogenic assay and clotting assays have been performed in other laboratories with both plasma and concentrate samples and the correlation coefficient was in all cases ≥ 0.92.
Calculations of Factor VIII in vivo Recovery and Half‐life
Authors: Kjellman H. 
Published: August 2010

In vivo recovery. Differences between laboratories depend on the time of sampling, factor VIII:C assay method, factor VIII:C plasma standard and the calculation of the patients' plasma volume. The results depend on whether the manufacturer's labelled potency or the factor VIII:C potency of the laboratory is used. In some countries the vials are labelled with a nominal potency ± 20 percent.Half‐life. Most publications have shown that the factor VIII:C activity‐time curve fits a two‐compartment model. The elimination half‐life is about 12 h. The initial half disappearance time or distribution half‐life is used by some authors. However, very often the half‐life has not been defined. The data collection period has been too short and the formula for the calculation has not been presented. The large intersubject variability may be due to the quality of the data collection and analysis. There are many pitfalls in deriving pharmacokinetic variables. Do we need a pharmacokinetic model, and, if so, which one?
The Use of Laser Beams for Operations in Haemophilia
Authors: Hefti F. , Morscher E. , Koller F. 
Published: August 2010

Laser beams are light rays of particular intensity. They can concentrate extremely high energies in a minimum of space and time. Since 1978 we use a “Sharplan 791 CO2 ‐Surgical Laser” for operations on haemophilacs. The edges of the Laser incision show a minimal zone of necrosis, which is sufficient to coagulate the small vessels and to reduce bleeding considerably. Until now we have carried out 21 operations on haemophilic patients with the use of Laser beams. They include 5 synovectomies of the knee joint, 4 synovectomies of the elbow (3 of them with excision of the radial head), 2 excisions of haemophilic pseucotumors, 2 joint fusions, 1 total hip replacement and 7 smaller operations. Our experiences have been favorable up to now. Due to the good haemostasis considerably less antihaemophilic factor VIII is required. In mild haemophilia Laser surgery even enables us to do without substitution at all in some cases. In severe haemophilia it is, of course, impossible to avoid postoperative bleeding. Post‐operative substitution, however, can be reduced in dose and duration by 50 percent on average.Considering the invaluable advantage of being able to perform almost “bloodless” operations on haemophiliacs with Laser beams, the disadvantages of the technique ‐ such as the complicated manipulation of the apparatus ‐ are of minor importance.
Local Fibrinolysis in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Björlin G 
Published: August 2010

In vitro tissue culture has shown that plasminogen activators are released both from normal and from pathological mucous membrane in the oral cavity. Immunological study (Ljungnér et al 1983) has shown that the plasminogen activators in the mucosa of the mouth are not urokinase in character.Increased local fibrinolytic activity, causing post‐operative bleeding, is a serious complication in patients with hemophilia or other bleeding disorders. The occurrence of pathologically increased local fibrinolytic activity can be prevented and the risk of post‐operative bleeding reduced by the administration of epsilon‐amino‐caproic acid (EACA) or tranexamic acid (AMCA). In 72 hemophilia patients, from whom 191 teeth were extracted, satisfactory results were achieved with but a simple dose of factor VIII and IX per patient in combination with the administration of tranexamic acid.In connection with oral surgery in a number of paitents with mild hemophilia A or mild von Willebrand's disease, the synthetic vasopressin derivative DDAVP has been used instead of factor concentrate. In connection with tranexamic acid, it enabled teeth to be extracted without any post‐operative bleeding complications.
Worldwide Overview of Plasma Procurement and Fractionation
Authors: Britten A.F.H. , Ala F. , Carman C. , Sibinga C.Th. Smit 
Published: August 2010

Purpose — Information has been gathered to address the question of why factor VIII products are in short supply in many countries.Methods — A questionnaire was sent to 59 member countries of the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) by WFH Task Force II; 43 replies were received. Previously published data supplements the information thus obtained.Results — The world's plasma supply is predominantly commercial and is not adequate. More than half of the world's plasma is commercially collected in the USA by plasmapheresis. This source accounts for approximately 80 percent of the world's factor VIII concentrates. Fractionation of approximately 7 million liters of plasma occurs each year; fractionation capacity is far greater than this. There are approximately 80 fractionation facilities, but 7 major companies account for more than half the total capacity. Six of these seven are, or have been. active in the USA. Expansion of commercial fractionation is limited only by regulatory controls and the availability of money. Availability of factor VIII products is inadequate in almost all countries. Only the USA has clear self‐sufficiency. Multiple factors affect accessibility of individual patients to effective treatment.Conclusion — There is a serious worldwide shortage of factor VIII products. Satisfactory resolution will require technologic advances or enormous expense.