bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two New Abietane Diterpenoids from the Stems of Clerodendrum kaichianum P. S. Hsu
Authors: Xu Mingfeng , Shen Lianqing , Wang Kuiwu , Du Qizhen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwo new abietane diterpenoids, named 17‐hydroxyteuvincenone G (1) and 17‐hydroxyteuvincen‐5(6)‐enone G (2), together with four known diterpenoids, were isolated from the stems of Clerodendrum kaichianum P. S. Hsu. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR and MS analyses, and by comparison with literature data. The new compounds showed significant cytotoxicities against the HL‐60 and A‐549 tumor cell lines.
Nucleotides. Part LXXIX
Authors: Hermann Christoph , Kvassiouk Evgeny , Pfleiderer Wolfgang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwo series of new ribonucleoside 3′‐phosphoramidites (see 36–42) carrying the photolabile [2‐(2‐nitrophenyl)propoxy]carbonyl group at the 5′‐O‐position were synthesized and characterized as monomeric building blocks for photolithographic syntheses of RNA chips. Base protection was achieved in the well‐known manner by the 2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)ethyl (npe) and the [2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl (npeoc) group. The carbohydrate moiety carried in addition the 2′‐O‐(tetrahydro‐4‐methoxy‐2H‐pyran‐4‐yl) group for blocking the 2′‐OH function.
Recharge sources and hydrogeological effects of irrigation and an influent river identified by stable isotopes in the Motril‐Salobreña aquifer (Southern Spain)
Authors: Duque C. , López‐Chicano M. , Calvache M. L. , Martín‐Rosales W. , Gómez‐Fontalva J. M. , Crespo F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMeasurement of the stable isotopes oxygen‐18 and deuterium in water is an important tool to characterize aquifer recharge sources. In the driest areas of the Mediterranean, this application is of special interest due to the scarcity of water and the resulting common incidence of human influence on natural hydrological systems. The Motril‐Salobreña detrital aquifer (southern Spain) is a clear example of such an impact as inhabitants have designed irrigation systems and a dam was recently built across the course of the Guadalfeo River, which feeds the aquifer. The sampling of (river or ground) water has allowed the determination of stable isotope contents (oxygen‐18 and deuterium), both temporally and spatially, and the relative importance of the main recharge sources in certain sectors. In addition, we were able to infer seasonal trends and to improve existing knowledge of the main flow paths and the position of a seasonal groundwater divide. Data analysis shows evaporation plays a minor role (despite the high temperatures in the zone), scarce rainwater influence, and the overwhelming contribution of recharge from the Guadalfeo River and from the carbonate aquifer (Escalate aquifer) in contact with the Motril‐Salobreña aquifer. Irrigation return flow during the summer months comprises the main recharge due to the significant volumes of water that infiltrate. The construction of the dam will almost certainly entail great changes in the current dynamics of the hydrogeology of the Motril‐Salobreña aquifer; therefore, knowledge of its behaviour is crucial in order to carry out sustainable use of its groundwater resources. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exome resequencing combined with linkage analysis identifies novel PTH1R variants in primary failure of tooth eruption in Japanese
Authors: Yamaguchi Tetsutaro , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Narita Akira , Shirota Tatsuo , Tomoyasu Yoko , Maki Koutaro , Inoue Ituro 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Massively parallel sequencing of target regions, exomes, and complete genomes has begun to increase the opportunities for identifying genetic variants underlying rare and common diseases dramatically. Here we applied exome resequencing to primary failure of tooth eruption (PFE) to identify the genetic causality of the disease. Two Japanese families having PFE were recruited and examined by genome-wide linkage study and subsequently exome analyses. Linkage analyses of these two families comprising eight affected individuals and two unaffected individuals revealed linkage signals at 10 loci with a maximum LOD score of 1.5. Four affected individuals in one family were pooled and further processed for exome analysis, followed by massive parallel sequencing. After three-step filtering including annotation and functional expectation, three variants were found to be candidates for PFE. Among the three variants, only a novel variant of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor gene (PTH1R), R383Q, was cosegregated in the first PFE family. Accordingly, we screened the gene for variants at all coding exons and the respective intron-exon boundaries in the second family and two sporadic individuals with PFE. We also identified a novel missense variant, P119L, cosegregating in the second family and missense variants P132L and R147C in the sporadic cases. These variants all were in the highly conserved region across zebrafish to chimpanzee and not observed in 192 unrelated controls, supporting the pathogenicity of the variants. The combination of linkage and exome analyses employed in this study provides a powerful strategy for identifying genes responsible for Mendelian disorders. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Pharmacotherapy of compulsive hoarding
Authors: Saxena Sanjaya 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCompulsive hoarding is a common and potentially disabling disorder. This article reviews studies of the effects of hoarding on response to serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) medications in patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), as well as recent studies of pharmacotherapy specifically for patients with the compulsive hoarding syndrome. Taken together, the results of these studies indicate that the “conventional wisdom” that compulsive hoarding does not respond well to SRI treatment is wrong. SRIs appear to be as effective for compulsive hoarders as for nonhoarding OCD patients. A case is presented of a compulsive hoarding patient who responded well to pharmacotherapy with a novel agent. Symptom improvement from pharmacotherapy of compulsive hoarding appears to be at least as great as that resulting from cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT). However, the combination of pharmacotherapy and CBT for compulsive hoarding is likely more effective than either treatment alone. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 67:1–8, 2011.
The peacock's train (Pavo cristatus and Pavo cristatus mut. alba) II. The molecular parameters of feather keratin plasticity
Authors: Weiss Ingrid M. , Schmitt Karl P. , Kirchner Helmut O.K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThermal activation analysis of plastic deformation of peacock tail feathers, by temperature changes and stress relaxation, gave for the keratin cortex an activation enthalpy of 1.78±0.89 eV and an activation volume of 0.83±0.13 nm3, for both the blue and the white subspecies. These values suggest that breaking of electrostatic bonds is responsible for plasticity in feather keratin. These might be bonds between keratin and nonkeratinous matrix or keratin–keratin cross‐links. The mechanical properties of the rachis cortex are surprisingly uniform along the length of the feathers. J. Exp. Zool. 315:266–273 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gynandromorphs as indicators of modularity and evolvability in ants
Authors: Yang Andrew S. , Abouheif Ehab 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGynandromorphs, individuals that display a mosaic of male and female tissues or cell populations, have been extensively documented in solitary and social insects for over 100 years. Yet the evolutionary significance of gynandromorphs has remained obscure. Here we describe our discovery of a gynandromorph in the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole whose pattern of bilateral head mosaicism occurs repeatedly across a wide range of ant species. Based on our findings, we propose that gynandromorphs and other mosaic forms may provide new insights into the modularity and evolvability of morphological traits. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 316:313–318, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered electrocortical brain activity after ACL reconstruction during force control
Authors: Baumeister Jochen , Reinecke Kirsten , Schubert Michael , Weiß Michael 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAfferent proprioceptive information from the knee joint may be altered due to a reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which could result in changes of cortical activity. The aim of the study is to look if force sensation and cortical activation measured by EEG are influenced by an ACL‐reconstruction when performing a force reproduction task. Nine patients after ACL reconstruction and nine healthy controls were asked to reproduce 50% of their maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) reproduction. EEG power values related to frequency bands and the error in reproduction were collected while performing the force reproduction. The aberration error demonstrated no significant differences between groups. The cortical activity results in significant higher frontal Theta power during the force reproduction task with the reconstructed limb (F3 and Fz: p < 0.05) of the ACL group compared to the controls. The EEG was able to measure changes in electrocortical activity after ACL‐reconstruction in force reproduction, whereas performance data was not affected. The results were discussed in terms of differences in attentional control with involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex related to higher frontal Theta power in the ACL patients. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1383–1389, 2011
WGM microresonators: sensing, lasing and fundamental optics with microspheres
Authors: Ward J. , Benson O. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGlass microsphere resonators that support optical resonances known as whispering‐gallery modes are unique tools for studying and exploiting optical effects under extremely well controlled conditions. In this paper, a review focusing mostly on glass microsphere resonators is presented. First, a brief historical background is given in which we see how the state‐of‐the‐art has grown from novel optical resonators to the ultrahigh Q cavities used in cutting‐edge experiments. After the basic properties of microsphere resonators are outlined we will discuss some of the recent experiments involving microsphere resonators, although some discussion involving polymeric microspheres is also included. The use of doped and undoped microspheres in optical signal processing, optical sensing and quantum optics is highlighted. Finally, there is a brief review of recent optomechanical experiments that use microspheres.
Single quantum dot nanolaser
Authors: Strauf S. , Jahnke F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRecent theoretical and experimental progress on nanolasers is reviewed with a focus on the emission properties of devices operating with a few or even an individual semiconductor quantum dot as a gain medium. Concepts underlying the design and operation of these devices, microscopic models describing light‐matter interaction and semiconductor effects, as well as recent experimental results and lasing signatures are discussed. In particular, a critical review of the “self‐tuned gain” mechanism which gives rise to quantum‐dot mode coupling in the off‐resonant case is provided. Furthermore recent advances in the modeling of single quantum dot lasers beyond the artificial atom model are presented with a focus on the exploration of similarities and differences between the atomic and semiconductor systems.
Detailed characterisation of isomers present in polyalphaolefin dimer and the effect of isomeric distribution on bulk properties
Authors: Scheuermann Sebastian S. , Eibl Sebastian , Bartl Peter 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis study has been conducted with the aim to gain detailed insight into the chemical nature of polyalphaolefin dimer (PAO dimer, C20H42). By using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, a large number of isomers the complex mixture consists of has been identified; the variety of structural motifs ranges from a homologous series of almost linear vicinal dimethyloctadecanes to highly branched isomers such as 6,7‐dibutyldodecane. However, the mixture is characterised by the presence of isomers, which exhibit an intermediate degree of branching. Furthermore, a generally applicable protocol has been established to determine the relative content of these isomers. This protocol has then been applied to analyse samples from different PAO dimer batches, and a correlation between isomeric distribution and bulk properties, namely the viscosity–temperature behaviour, has been found. It turns out that the viscosity of PAO dimer depends less on temperature if the amount of weakly branched and almost linear isomers increases. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photodynamic suppression of Enterococcus faecalis using the photosensitizer mTHPC
Authors: Kranz Stefan , Guellmar Andre , Völpel Andrea , Gitter Burkhard , Albrecht Volker , Sigusch Bernd W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesEnterococcus faecalis is frequently found in persistent endodontic infections. In this context, the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) could become a modern alternative to existing antibacterial treatment approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aPDT on E. faecalis using the photosensitizer (PS) 5,10,15,20‐tetra(m‐hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) enriched in liposomes.Materials and MethodsEnterococcus faecalis was cultivated in Schaedler submerged culture for 24 hours, then isolated and adjusted in PBS to 108 cells/ml. The bacterial suspension was pipetted into a black microtitration plate and incubated for 15 minutes in the dark with mTHPC in various concentrations (10, 30, and 50 µM). The photosensitized suspensions were subjected to laser light (652 nm) at a light fluence of 100 J cm−2 (test group A). In addition, the suspension sensitized with 50 µM mTHPC was irradiated with 25, 50, and 75 J cm−2 (test group B). The following controls were used: non‐irradiated bacterial suspension in the absence of mTHPC (C); irradiated bacterial suspension in the absence of mTHPC (D); non‐irradiated bacterial suspension incubated with mTHPC (E). Dilution series (100–10−6) were made of all groups and applied on Schaedler agar. After anerobic cultivation (4 days), the colony‐forming units (CFU/ml) were determined.ResultsEnterococcus faecalis was suppressed completely after incubation with 50 µM mTHPC and illumination with 100 J cm−2. Photodynamic treatment with 10 and 30 µM mTHPC caused reduction in CFU by 5.8 and 6.7 log‐units. The application of an energy fluence <100 J cm−2 resulted in a decline of antibacterial efficiency. Irradiation of the non‐photosensitized solution showed no suppressing impact. Incubation of the PS without additional irradiation caused a maximal reduction in CFU by 1.5 log‐units.ConclusionThe results show that aPDT using the PS mTHPC incorporated in liposomes could be a new approach to adjuvant treatment of endodontic infections with E. faecalis. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:241–248, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HSQC–ADEQUATE correlation: a new paradigm for establishing a molecular skeleton
Authors: Martin Gary E. , Hilton Bruce D. , Blinov Kirill A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractVarious experimental methods have been developed to unequivocally identify vicinal neighbor carbon atoms. Variants of the HMBC experiment intended for this purpose have included 2J3J‐HMBC and H2BC. The 1,1‐ADEQUATE experiment, in contrast, was developed to accomplish the same goal but relies on the 1JCC coupling between a proton–carbon resonant pair and the adjacent neighbor carbon. Hence, 1,1‐ADEQUATE can identify non‐protonated adjacent neighbor carbons, whereas the 2J3J‐HMBC and H2BC experiments require both neighbor carbons to be protonated to operate. Since 1,1‐ADEQUATE data are normally interpreted with close reference to an HSQC spectrum of the molecule in question, we were interested in exploring the unsymmetrical indirect covariance processing of multiplicity‐edited GHSQC and 1,1‐ADEQUATE spectra to afford an HSQC–ADEQUATE correlation spectrum that facilitates the extraction of carbon‐carbon connectivity information. The HSQC–ADEQUATE spectrum of strychnine is shown and the means by which the carbon skeleton can be conveniently traced is discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurophysiological study in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
Authors: Pilo Belen , Blas Gema de , Sobrido Maria Jesus , Navarro Carmen , Grandas Francisco , Barrero Francisco J. , Moya Miguel Angel , Jimenez‐Escrig Adriano 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare autosomal‐recessive disease due to mutations of the 27α‐hydroxylase. It is characterized by cataracts, xanthomas, and neurological manifestations. Polyneuropathy has been reported, although it is unclear whether it is axonal or demyelinating. Methods: We report clinical and neurophysiological results of 13 patients with CTX diagnosed in Spain. Results: In 8 patients (62%), peripheral neuropathy was demonstrated (4 demyelinating, 3 axonal, and 1 mixed; 3 predominantly motor and 5 sensorimotor). All patients had clinical signs/symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. Upper limb somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) were affected in 38% of patients, and lower limb SSEPs in 67%. Fifty percent of patients had delayed brainstem auditory evoked potentials, and 43% had affected visual evoked potentials. Discussion: In this series, polyneuropathy was predominantly sensorimotor and demyelinating. Neurophysiological studies correlated only partially with clinical follow‐up. Therefore, we recommend neurophysiological follow‐up studies only if clinical symptoms are present. Muscle Nerve 43: 531–536, 2011
Protection of human muscle acetylcholinesterase from soman by pyridostigmine bromide
Authors: Maselli Ricardo A. , Henderson John D. , Ng Jarae , Follette David , Graves Gregory , Wilson Barry W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Pretreatment with pyridostigmine bromide (PB) of human intercostal muscle fibers exposed to the irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor soman was investigated. Methods: Muscles were pretreated with 3 × 10−6 M PB or saline for 20 minutes, then exposed to 10−7 M soman for 10 minutes. Results: AChE of muscles treated with soman alone was inhibited >95%. In contrast, PB pretreatment of soman‐exposed bundles protected 20% of AChE activity. AChE of bundles exposed to PB alone recovered after 4 hours, but bundles exposed to both PB and soman did not. Soman‐induced reduction of resting membrane potentials and increment of amplitudes and decay times of miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) were partially corrected by PB pretreatment. Conclusions: In vitro pretreatment of human muscles with PB protected up to 20% of muscle AChE and ameliorated some deleterious effects on endplate physiology induced by soman. Muscle Nerve 43: 591–595, 2011
Outcome of plasmapheresis in myasthenia gravis: Delayed therapy is not favorable
Authors: Mandawat Aditya , Mandawat Anant , Kaminski Henry J. , Shaker Zaid A. , Alawi Aws A. , Alshekhlee Amer 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the in‐hospital mortality and complication rates after early and delayed initiation of plasma exchange (PLEX) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: Our cohort was identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database for the years 2000 through 2005. Early treatment was defined as therapy with PLEX administered within the first 2 days from hospital admission. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed. Results: One thousand fifty‐three patients were treated and included in the analysis. A delay in receiving PLEX was associated with higher mortality (6.56% vs. 1.15%, P < 0.001) and increased complications (29.51% vs. 15.29%, P < 0.001). Adjusted analysis showed increased mortality [odds ratio (OR) 2.812; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.119–7.069] and complications (OR 1.672; 95% CI 1.118–2.501) with delayed PLEX therapy. Conclusions: Delaying PLEX therapy for MG by more than 2 days after admission may lead to higher mortality and complication rates, and thus prompt therapy is warranted. Muscle Nerve 43: 578–584, 2011
Nerve conduction studies in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease in a cohort from Turkey
Authors: Deymeer Feza , Matur Zeliha , Poyraz Muruvvet , Battaloglu Esra , Oflazer‐Serdaroglu Piraye , Parman Yesim 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntroduction:In the demyelinating form of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, median motor conduction velocity (MCV) was noted to be around 20 m/s in peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) duplications, in contrast to higher MCVs in connexin 32 gene (Cx32) mutations and lower MCVs in the demyelinating form of myelin protein zero gene (MPZ) mutations.Methods:Nerve conduction studies were performed in 64 families with both common and rare mutations.Results:Mean MCV of the median nerve was 20 ± 5 m/s in PMP22 duplications, 34 ± 6 m/s in Cx32 mutations, 20 ± 9 m/s in KIAA1985 (SH3TC2) mutations, and 11 ± 8 m/s in MPZ mutations. Conduction was generally uniform; however, conduction blocks were present in 1 patient each with the MPZ mutation and PMP22 duplication, both with unusual phenotypes.Conclusion:Our results confirm those of the other investigators. Electrophysiological results of the rare KIAA1985 (SH3TC2) mutation reveal that their MCVs span a broad range and that conduction is uniform. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Altered corticospinal transmission to the hand after maximum voluntary efforts
Authors: Giesebrecht Sabine , Martin Peter G. , Gandevia Simon C. , Taylor Janet L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntroduction: After maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs), responses to corticospinal tract stimulation change differently in arm and leg muscles. This study we examined responses in the first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI). Methods: Stimulation of the corticospinal tract at the cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials in FDI. Stimuli were delivered before and after 10‐s and 1‐min MVCs. The reproducibility of changes in the cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials (CMEPs) was investigated. F‐waves tested motoneuron excitability. Results: After the MVCs, the CMEP area was initially variable. By ∽1 min after 10‐s and 1‐min MVCs, CMEPs in relaxed muscle decreased to 63 ± 15% and 52 ± 32%, respectively, of control and remained depressed for ∽10 min. Responses evoked 2 days apart varied between subjects but not between days. After 10‐s MVCs, F‐waves were reduced at rest. During weak contraction, CMEPs but not F‐waves were depressed. Conclusions: Our results suggest that contraction produces changes at the corticomotoneuronal synapses to FDI. In addition, motoneuron excitability is reduced. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Value of distal compound muscle action potential duration prolongation in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: A European perspective
Authors: Rajabally Yusuf A. , Nicolas Guillaume 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The value of distal compound muscle action potential duration (DCMAPD) has not been widely studied in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) with electromyography (EMG) equipment at low‐cut filter settings <10 Hz, as used in Europe. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 40 patients with AIDP and 40 controls with axonal neuropathy, from Leicester, UK, and Angers, France. Results: The best combination of sensitivity/specificity for AIDP using DCMAPD prolongation in any one nerve was offered by cut‐offs from two other studies (sensitivity: 90% and 87.5%, respectively; specificity: 92.5% for both). Independent DCMAPD prolongation in any one nerve was better than, or equivalent to, other criteria. Conclusions: DCMAPD prolongation in any one nerve, at cut‐offs suggested by prior studies, represents a sensitive and specific marker to aid/simplify electrodiagnosis of AIDP in patients studied with EMG equipment with low‐cut filter settings of <10 Hz. Muscle Nerve, 2011