bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Health Behaviors of Younger Women After Menopause‐Inducing Cancer Treatment
Authors: McCarthy Alexandra L. , Tramm Ralph , Shaban Ramon Z. , Yates Patricia 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the health promotion and risk reduction behaviors of younger women previously treated for cancer.Design and SampleGuided by the “Precede‐Proceed” framework, a mixed‐method descriptive investigation of the health behaviors of younger women with cancer treatment‐induced menopause in one health jurisdiction in Australia was undertaken.MeasuresThis article reports the results of the qualitative interview component of the study.ResultsOf the 85 women who responded to surveys that quantified their health behaviors, 22 consented to interviews that explored how and why these behaviors might occur.ConclusionsSeveral predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors that influenced participants' will or ability to engage with health‐promoting behaviors after cancer treatment were identified in the interviews. These include entrenched precancer diagnosis health behaviors, the disabilities resulting from cancer treatments, perceptions of risk, focused intervention by health professionals and the nature of participants' social support. The results indicate a need for flexibility when planning public health initiatives to prepare this cohort for a healthy life after cancer, which accounts for their developmental, knowledge and posttreatment needs.
Intelligent Freeform Manufacturing of Complex Organs
Authors: Wang Xiaohong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDifferent from the existing tissue engineering strategies, rapid prototyping (RP) techniques aim to automatically produce complex organs directly from computer‐aided design freeform models with high resolution and sophistication. Analogous to building a nuclear power plant, cell biology (especially, renewable stem cells), implantable biomaterials, tissue engineering, and single/double/four nozzle RP techniques currently enable researchers in the field to realize a part of the task of complex organ manufacturing. To achieve this multifaceted undertaking, a multi‐nozzle rapid prototyping system which can simultaneously integrate an anti‐suture vascular system, multiple cell types, and a cocktail of growth factors in a construct should be developed. This article reviews the pros and cons of the existing cell‐laden RP techniques for complex organ manufacturing. It is hoped that with the comprehensive multidisciplinary efforts, the implants can virtually replace the functions of a solid internal organ, such as the liver, heart, and kidney.
Effects of Heavy Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Iron Deficiency Anemia on Child Growth and Body Composition through Age 9 Years
Authors: Colin Carter R. , Jacobson Joseph L. , Molteno Christopher D. , Jiang Hongyu , Meintjes Ernesta M. , Jacobson Sandra W. , Duggan Christopher 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundPrenatal alcohol exposure has been associated with pre‐ and postnatal growth restriction, but little is known about the natural history of this restriction throughout childhood or the effects of prenatal alcohol on body composition. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure on longitudinal growth and body composition.MethodsEighty‐five heavy drinking pregnant women (≥2 drinks/d or ≥4 drinks/occasion) and 63 abstaining and light‐drinking controls (<1 drink/d, no binging) were recruited at initiation of prenatal care in an urban obstetrical clinic in Cape Town, South Africa and prospectively interviewed during pregnancy about alcohol, smoking, drug use, and demographics. Among their children, length/height, weight, and head circumference were measured at 6.5 and 12 months and at 5 and 9 years. Percent body fat (BF) was estimated at age 9 years using bioelectric impedance analysis.ResultsIn multiple regression models with repeated measures (adjusted for confounders), heavy alcohol exposure was associated with reductions in weight (0.6 SD), length/height (0.5 SD), and head circumference (0.9 cm) from 6.5 months to 9 years that were largely determined at birth. These effects were exacerbated by iron deficiency in infancy but were not modified by iron deficiency or measures of food security at 5 years. An alcohol‐related postnatal delay in weight gain was seen at 12 months. Effects on head circumference were greater at age 9 than at other age points. Although heavy alcohol exposure was not associated with changes in body composition, children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and partial fetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS) had lower percent BF than heavy exposed nonsyndromal and control children.ConclusionsHeavy prenatal alcohol exposure is related to prenatal growth restriction that persists through age 9 years and an additional delay in weight gain during infancy. FAS and PFAS diagnoses are associated with leaner body composition in later childhood.
Age of First Use and Delay to First Intoxication in Relation to Trajectories of Heavy Drinking and Alcohol‐Related Problems During Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Morean Meghan E. , Corbin William R. , Fromme Kim 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundUsing alcohol at an early age is a well‐documented risk factor for heavy drinking and the experience of a range of negative social and health consequences. However, it remains unclear if early consumption of any alcohol or early drinking to intoxication confers the greatest risk.MethodsAge of onset (AO) and delay to first intoxication (delay) were examined as independent predictors of heavy drinking and the experience of alcohol‐related problems (problems) in a sample of incoming college freshmen (n = 1,160) who completed biannual assessments from the summer following senior year of high school through senior year of college. The sample included more women (66%) than men and a majority were Caucasian (59%). We employed latent growth curve modeling to examine self‐reported AO and delay to self‐defined first intoxication as predictors of the frequency of heavy drinking and problems during year 4 of college, as well as changes in these alcohol‐related outcomes from high school through college.ResultsAn earlier AO and/or a shorter delay was associated with increased frequency of heavy drinking and problems during senior year of college. Although individuals with a later AO and/or a longer delay were at lower risk overall, they showed larger increases in heavy drinking and problems over time.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between AO and delay to first intoxication. Delay accounted for unique variance in drinking outcomes relative to AO, and the effects of AO were stronger when delay was included as a predictor variable. Results are discussed with regard to potential mechanisms through which an early age of intoxication may confer unique risk relative to AO. The implications for cross‐cultural differences in risk for problems attributable to early drinking are also discussed.
The Subjective Physiological, Psychological, and Behavioral Risk‐Taking Consequences of Alcohol and Energy Drink Co‐Ingestion
Authors: Peacock Amy , Bruno Raimondo , Martin Frances H. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundThe increasingly popular practice among adolescents and young adults of consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) has raised concern regarding potential increases in maladaptive drinking practices, negative psychological and physiological intoxication side effects, and risky behavioral outcomes. Comparison of user types has revealed that AmED users report engaging in more risk‐taking behavior relative to alcohol users. However, the comparative likelihood of risk‐taking according to session type (i.e., AmED vs. alcohol session) remains relatively unknown. Thus, this study was designed with the aim of establishing the subjective physiological, psychological, and behavioral risk‐taking outcomes of AmED consumption relative to alcohol consumption for AmED users drawn from the community.MethodsBetween May and June 2011, 403 Australians aged 18 to 35 who had consumed AmED and alcohol only in the preceding 6 months completed a 10‐ to 30‐minute online survey about their use of these substances.ResultsDespite participants consuming a significantly greater quantity of alcohol in AmED sessions compared to alcohol sessions, the odds of participants experiencing disinhibition and engaging in 26 risk behaviors were significantly lower during AmED sessions relative to alcohol sessions. Similarly, the odds of experiencing several physiological (i.e., speech and walking difficulties, nausea, and slurred speech) and psychological (i.e., confusion, exhaustion, sadness) sedation outcomes were less during AmED sessions compared to alcohol sessions. However, the odds of enduring physiological (i.e., heart palpitations, sleep difficulties, agitation, tremors, jolt and crash episodes, and increased speech speed) and psychological (i.e., irritability and tension) outcomes potentially related to overstimulation were significantly greater during AmED sessions than alcohol sessions.ConclusionsCo‐ingestion may provide a double‐edged effect. The increased stimulation from energy drinks (EDs) may negate some intoxication‐related sedation side effects by increasing alertness. However, it could also lead to negative physiological side effects associated with overstimulation. Notwithstanding any stimulatory effects of EDs, risk and negative effects of excessive alcohol consumption were present in both session types. However, the odds of engaging in risk‐taking were less during AmED sessions relative to alcohol sessions. Objective measurement of behavioral risk‐taking via laboratory‐based measures could confirm the causal relationship between AmED and risk‐taking.
Binge Drinking—A Predictor for or a Consequence of Unemployment?
Authors: Backhans Mona C. , Lundin Andreas , Hemmingsson Tomas 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundResearch on the association between alcohol use and unemployment has been conducted in various settings and subgroups. While most studies confirm that problem use is related to subsequent unemployment, results are inconclusive regarding the reverse association. Few studies have analyzed binge drinking as either a predictor or an outcome.MethodsThis study investigates 13,031 residents in Stockholm county, who participated in a 2002 survey with a follow‐up in 2007, aged 20 to 59, and currently employed or on leave at T1. Associations between frequency of binge drinking and total unemployment duration in 2003 to 2006 were assessed using logistic regression, taking previous binge drinking and previous unemployment experience into account.ResultsAfter full adjustment, high frequency of binge drinking (1 per week or more) had a nonsignificant association with any subsequent unemployment for men and women and a significant association with long‐term unemployment (>6 months) for women (OR 1.87). For men, both short‐term unemployment and long‐term unemployment were unrelated to later binge drinking after adjustment for previous binge drinking. Associations were stronger for women, but not significant in the full model.ConclusionsFrequent binge drinking among women was associated with long‐term unemployment. There was little support for the social causation hypothesis.
Diazepam reverses the alveolar bone loss and hippocampal interleukin‐1beta and interleukin‐6 enhanced by conditioned fear stress in ligature‐induced periodontal disease in rats
Authors: Gomes E. P. P. , Aguiar J. C. A. , Fonseca‐Silva T. , Dias L. C. , Moura‐Boas K. P. , Roy A. , Velloso N. A. , Rodrigues‐Neto J. F. , De‐Paula A. M. B. , Guimarães A. L. S. 
Published: August 2012

Background and ObjectiveStress and anxiety have been associated with chronic periodontitis, but few studies examining the effects of psychotropic drugs on periodontal health have been performed. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of diazepam on the progression of periodontitis in chronically stressed rats.Material and MethodsFourteen Wistar rats were submitted to ligature‐induced periodontal disease and were divided into four groups . Two groups were not stressed, whereas two groups were submitted to a conditioned fear stress paradigm for 38 d. Daily diazepam treatment (2 mg/kg, orally) was administered to one unstressed group and to one group submitted to a conditioned fear stress paradigm from day 2 to the day 39, at which point the rats were submitted to an open field test and were killed on day 40. Brains and mandibles were removed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses.ResultsAnimals exposed to conditioned fear stress presented an increase in freezing behavior, a decrease in locomotor activity, enhanced alveolar bone loss and higher levels of hippocampal interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), compared with the control group. Diazepam, at the dose used in the current study, had no effect on freezing behavior but reversed the decrease in locomotor activity provoked by stress. Additionally, the treatment reduced the levels of hippocampal IL‐1β and IL‐6 and alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats. Neither conditioned fear stress nor diazepam treatment had an effect on periodontal IL‐1β or IL‐6 levels in animals.ConclusionOur results suggest that diazepam treatment reduces bone loss in rats submitted to conditioned fear stress. In addition, diazepam treatment led to decreased IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels in the hippocampus.
In vivo measurement of breast skin elasticity and breast skin thickness
Authors: Sutradhar Alok , Miller Michael J. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundThe mechanical properties of the breast skin play an important role in explaining the changes associated with radiotherapy, tissue expansion, and breast reconstruction surgery. Quantitative measurement of mechanical properties of breast skin is essential for surgical preplanning and outcome prediction. We have measured the skin elasticity properties and skin thickness of the breast using noninvasive methods.MethodsThe DermaLab suction cup and the DermaScanC ultrasound were used to measure the modulus of elasticity and the skin thickness, respectively. Measurements were taken in 16 different locations on the breast in 23 female patients, also with patients in supine and upright position. Different analytical models (plate, membrane, large deformation) that can represent the experiment were studied to extract the elasticity modulus.ResultsThe average modulus of breast skin elasticity found was 344 ± 88 kPa (Mean ± SD) with 95% confidence interval being 306–382 kPa. The range of the modulus was 195–480 kPa. The average thickness of breast skin was 1.55 ± 0.25 mm with a range of 0.83–2.4 mm.ConclusionsRegional variations of breast skin elasticity properties and breast skin thickness were observed. No direct correlations of biomechanical properties with age or breast thickness were observed. No significant difference was observed in the elasticity modulus between the supine and upright patient positions.
Effect of Exercise‐induced Sweating on facial sebum, stratum corneum hydration, and skin surface pH in normal population
Authors: Wang Siyu , Zhang Guirong , Meng Huimin , Li Li 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundEvidence demonstrated that sweat was an important factor affecting skin physiological properties.AimsWe intended to assess the effects of exercise‐induced sweating on the sebum, stratum corneum (SC) hydration and skin surface pH of facial skin.Materials & Methods102 subjects (aged 5–60, divided into five groups) were enrolled to be measured by a combination device called ‘Derma Unit SSC3’ in their frontal and zygomatic regions when they were in a resting state (RS), at the beginning of sweating (BS), during excessive sweating (ES) and an hour after sweating (AS), respectively.ResultsCompared to the RS, SC hydration in both regions increased at the BS or during ES, and sebum increased at the BS but lower during ES. Compared to during ES, Sebum increased in AS but lower than RS. Compared to the RS, pH decreased in both regions at the BS in the majority of groups, and increased in frontal region during ES and in zygomatic region in the AS. There was an increase in pH in both regions during ES in the majority of groups compared to the BS, but a decrease in the AS compared to during ES.DiscussionThe study implies that even in summer, after we sweat excessively, lipid products should be applied locally in order to maintain stability of the barrier function of the SC. The study suggests that after a short term(1 h or less) of self adjustment, excessive sweat from moderate exercise will not impair the primary acidic surface pH of the facial skin.ConclusionExercise‐induced sweating significantly affected the skin physiological properties of facial region.
Development and evaluation of an automatic acne lesion detection program using digital image processing
Authors: Min Seonguk , Kong Hyoun‐joong , Yoon Chiyul , Kim Hee Chan , Suh Dae Hun 
Published: August 2012

Background/purposeExisting acne grading methods, which depend on overall impression, require a long training period and there is a high degree of variability among raters, including trained dermatologists. The use of lesion count provides fair reproducibility but the method is time consuming. New technologies in photographic equipment and software allow solutions to the problem of acne evaluation. This study was conducted to develop the automatic acne lesion program and evaluation of its usefulness.MethodsWe made the conditions to optimize characterization of acne lesions and developed the counting program. Twenty‐five volunteers with acne lesions were enrolled. Automated lesion counting for five subtypes of acne (papule, nodule, pustule, whitehead comedone, and blackhead comedone) was performed with image processing. The usefulness of the automatic lesion count program was assessed by a comparison with manual counting performed by an expert dermatologist.ResultsIn a comparison with manual counting performed by an expert dermatologist, the sensitivity and positive predictive value of the lesion‐counting program was greater than 70% for papules, nodules, pustules, and whitehead comedo. In a comparison with manual counting, findings with the use of the lesion‐counting program were well correlated for papules, nodules, pustules, and whitehead comedo (r > 0.9).ConclusionAutomatic lesion‐counting program can be a useful tool for acne severity evaluation.
Analysis of the Golden Proportion and Width/Height Ratios of Maxillary Anterior Dentition in Patients with Lateral Incisor Agenesis
Authors: PINI NÚBIA PAVESI , DE‐MARCHI LUCIANA MANZOTTI , GRIBEL BRUNO FRAZÃO , UBALDINI ADRIANA LEMOS MORI , PASCOTTO RENATA CORRÊA 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTObjective:  The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of the golden proportion (GP) in the facial view tooth‐to‐tooth width proportion of the six maxillary anterior teeth and to evaluate the width/height (W/H) ratios of the incisors of patients with maxillary lateral incisor (LI) agenesis treated either with implants or orthodontically (by moving canines into the position of the laterals, recontouring them, and placing composite restorations over the repositioned teeth).Materials and Methods:  Forty‐eight patients with LI agenesis were divided into four experimental groups: unilateral recontouring group (N = 10), bilateral recontouring group (BRG, N = 18), unilateral implant group (UIG, N = 10), bilateral implant group (N = 10), and a control group (CG, N = 25) of patients without agenesis. GP ratios were determined on patients' dental casts placed over Levin's grids, whereas W/H ratios were measured directly on the casts and a millimeter ruler to determine these distances. Statistical analysis was performed with Shapiro–Wilk, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, Friedman, and Wilcoxon tests (p < 0.05).Results:  The incidence of GP in the tooth‐to‐tooth width proportions was significantly different between groups and more commonly found between centrals and laterals than between laterals and canines. The GP was more likely to be observed in the BRG, UIG, and CG. The results demonstrated that the GP was not found to be present in the majority of the cases treated with maxillary agenesis, regardless of the method of treatment. The mean W/H ratios of the laterals ranged between 0.75 and 0.90.Conclusion:  Although the GP may be a useful diagnostic guide, it was not observed in the majority of esthetic outcomes of patients treated with maxillary LI agenesis in this study.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe assessment of the golden proportion and width/height ratio of upper anterior teeth in patients with upper lateral incisor agenesis treated with either implants or tooth re‐contouring may assist dentists and patients in deciding the best treatment option based on the peculiarities of each case.(J Esthet Restor Dent ••:••–••, 2012)
Metabolic and Cardiovascular Outcomes of Fatherhood: Results from a Cohort of Study in Subjects with Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Fisher Alessandra D. , Rastrelli Giulia , Bandini Elisa , Corona Giovanni , Balzi Daniela , Melani Cecilia , Monami Matteo , Matta Vanessa , Mannucci Edoardo , Maggi Mario 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Previous cross-sectional and longitudinal studies reported a negative correlation between fatherhood and testosterone (T) levels, likely due to a centrally mediated downregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Moreover, epidemiological data indicate that fatherhood might affect metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes, although different results have been reported. Up to now, no studies have evaluated these associations in a population of men seeking treatment for sexual dysfunction (SD).

Aim
To explore biological and clinical correlates of number of children (NoC) and its possible associations with forthcoming major cardiovascular events (MACE) in a sample of men with SD.

Methods
A consecutive series of 4,045 subjects (mean age 52 ± 13.1 years old) attending the Outpatient Clinic for SD was retrospectively studied. A subset of the previous sample (N = 1,687) was enrolled in a longitudinal study.

Main Outcome Measures
Information on MACE was obtained through the City of Florence Registry Office.

Results
Among patients studied, 31.6% had no children, while 26.3% reported having one child, 33.4% two, and 8.8% three or more children. Although fatherhood was negatively related with follicle-stimulating hormone levels and positively with testis volume, we found a NoC-dependent, stepwise decrease in T plasma levels, not compensated by a concomitant increase in luteinizing hormone. NoC was associated with a worse metabolic and cardiovascular profile, as well as worse penile blood flows and a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In the longitudinal study, after adjusting for confounders, NoC was independently associated with a higher incidence of MACE. However, when the presence of MetS was introduced as a further covariate, the association was no longer significant.

Conclusions
This study supports the hypothesis that bond maintenance contexts and fatherhood are associated with an adaptive downregulation of the gonadotropin-gonadal axis, even in a sample of men with SD. Moreover, our data suggest that NoC predicts MACE, most likely because of an unfavorable, lifestyle-dependent, parenthood-associated behavior.