bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genital human papillomavirus infection and genotype prevalence among albanian women: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Filipi Kozeta , Tedeschini Alma , Paolini Francesca , Celicu Silva , Morici Salvatrice , Kota Majlinda , Bucaj Elona , De Marco Federico 
Published: May 2010

Abstract“High risk” HPV types have different geographical distribution and evidence suggests their respective prevalence may vary in different areas and regions. An accurate description of high‐risk HPV circulation is a key feature for the rational design of prevention and screening campaigns. A cross‐sectional, virological study was conducted on adult Albanian women living either in the Tirana area or in the Duress prefecture. Clinical and gynecological evaluations were performed according to current standard criteria. HPV detection and typing were carried out by a combined MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+ PCR followed by direct sequencing of generated amplicons. Virological data were obtained from 402 out of 452 patients enrolled between January 2004 and December 2007. Sixty‐one patients (15.1% of the cohort) were found to be infected with a genital HPV. As expected, viral prevalence was higher among women younger than 30 years of age (25.2%) in comparison to those aged 30 or older (13.6%). HPV 16 was found to be the most frequent type (41% of cases), followed by HPV 53 (7.2%), HPV 31 (5.8%), and HPV 18 (4.3%). HPV 81 and HPV 84 were the most prevalent low‐risk types detected with prevalences of 11.6% and 5.8%, respectively. No differences were noted in any type‐specific prevalence between young and mature women. The circulation of HPV types is far more complex than assumed generally. Detailed knowledge of HPV type circulating patterns in specific local geographical areas is essential for appropriate implementation of screening, prevention, and surveillance campaigns. J. Med. Virol. 82: 1192–1196, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natalizumab has no direct biological effect on JC virus infectivity in permissive human neural cell lines
Authors: Suzuki Tadaki , Yamanouchi Satoko , Sunden Yuji , Orba Yasuko , Kimura Takashi , Sawa Hirofumi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV) infects 70–80% of humans and establishes latent infection in the kidney. In immunosuppressed patients, JCV reactivates and causes a fatal and progressive neurological disease known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Over the past three decades, PML has become an important neurological complication in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Recently, it was reported that patients treated with therapeutics that target the integrin receptor very late antigen (VLA)‐4 are at increased risk of developing PML. However, the relationship between Natalizumab and this unexpected onset of PML has yet to be elucidated. Here, we investi‐gated the effect of Natalizumab on the growth of JCV in the permissive human neural cell line IMR‐32 following viral inoculation. Natalizumab had no effect either on the expression levels of viral proteins as determined by immunoblot analysis using specific antibodies or on the hemagglutination activity of cellular lysates from infected cells. These results suggest that there is no direct effect of Natalizumab on JCV infectivity in IMR‐32 cells in vitro. J. Med. Virol. 82: 1229–1235, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased PD‐L1 expression and PD‐L1/CD86 ratio on dendritic cells were associated with impaired dendritic cells function in HCV infection
Authors: Shen Tao , Chen Xiangmei , Chen Yu , Xu Qiang , Lu Fengmin , Liu Shuang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractImpaired hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐specific T cell immunity was associated with the persistence of HCV infection. Dysfunction of dentritic cells (DCs) was believed to be involved in T cell exhaustion, but the mechanisms were rarely understood. In this study, surface costimulatory marker (CD83, CD86, and CD40), coinhibitory marker (PD‐L1) expression and allostimulatory capacity of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and myeloid DCs (mDCs) were evaluated in HCV‐infected patients. Results showed that the expression of both costimulatory and coinhibitory markers was increased in HCV‐infected patients compared with healthy controls. PD‐L1/CD86 ratio was increased and positively correlated with PD‐L1 expression on DCs in HCV‐infected patients. Allostimulatory capacity of DCs was impaired and inversely correlated with PD‐L1 expression and PD‐L1/CD86 ratio. These findings suggested that the effect of inhibitory marker PD‐L1 overwhelmed the effect of costimulatory markers and down regulated DC‐T activation in HCV‐infected patients. The results will be helpful to understand the mechanism of dysfunction of DCs in HCV infection and shed light on the DC‐based immunotherapeutic strategy. J. Med. Virol. 82: 1152–1159, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal surgical treatment of breast cancer: Implications for local control and survival
Authors: Khan Seema A. , Eladoumikdachi Firas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractImprovements in the local control of primary breast cancer have been shown to improve long‐term survival. The role of surgical therapy in maximizing local control includes: appropriate patient selection for breast conservation; tumor resection with pathologically free margins; careful staging with sentinel node biopsy; appropriate use of axillary dissection; and meticulous surgical technique to achieve these goals. Each component of surgical therapy has the potential for maximizing local control, and therefore for extending survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:677‐686. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: Balancing the operative indications with the technical advances
Authors: Mazzaglia Peter J. , Vezeridis Michael P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLaparoscopic adrenalectomy contributed significantly to reduction of morbidity and improvement of postoperative patient recovery time. The adoption of this technique had substantial impact on the management of adrenal incidentalomas. Although laparoscopic adrenalectomy should be in general avoided for known primary adrenal cancers, it is appropriate for metastasectomy of isolated adrenal metastatic disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:739‐744. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Beginner's Guide to Industrial Laser Beam Profiling
Authors: McCauley John 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWhether you're new to lasers or you've been working with them for some time, you may be wondering what all the fuss is over laser beam profiling. Why worry about the quality of the laser beam that you've just put into production? Or, if you think your process is humming along nicely, why fix what isn't broken? You might think that laser beam quality has more than likely been addressed at the research and development stage of the laser you have, or even at the manufacturing or integration stages of the system that you've received. This article shows the importance of laser beam profiling and how the user can benefit from it.
Absent, unrecognized, and minimal myotonic discharges in myotonic dystrophy type 2
Authors: Young Nathan P. , Daube Jasper R. , Sorenson Eric J. , Milone Margherita 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the frequency of absent, unrecognized, or minimal myotonic discharges (MDs) in myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2). We performed a retrospective review of needle electromyography (EMG) data prior to genetic diagnosis in 49 DM2 patients at the Mayo Clinic. MDs were not reported on first or repeat EMG studies (n = 8) and not found in archived recordings of 4 patients (8%); archived EMG recordings (n = 4) confirmed the absence of MDs (n = 2), including 1 patient with normal insertional activity in all muscles, and misinterpretation of MDs as slow fibrillation potentials (n = 1) and complex repetitive discharge (CRD) activity (n = 1). Eight (16%) patients had minimal classic MDs with diffusely increased insertional activity, including waning‐only MDs in all patients in this group with archived EMG recordings (n = 5). Diffuse MDs were found in 33 (67%) patients. Absent or minimal MDs do not exclude DM2. Over‐reliance on diffuse MDs in patients who present with myopathy may lead to delay in genetic diagnosis of DM2. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Novel low‐bandgap oligothiophene‐based donor‐acceptor alternating conjugated copolymers: Synthesis, properties, and photovoltaic applications
Authors: Li Yaowen , Li Zaifang , Wang Chunyu , Li Hui , Lu Hongguang , Xu Bin , Tian Wenjing 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA series of novel soluble donor‐acceptor low‐bandgap‐conjugated polymers consisting of different oligothiophene (OTh) coupled to electron‐accepting moiety 2‐pyran‐4‐ylidenemalononitrile (PM)‐based unit were synthesized by Stille or Suzuki coupling polymerization. The combination of electron‐accepting PM building block with varied OThn (the number of thiophene unit increases from 3 to 5) results in enhanced π–π stacking in solid state and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition, which lead to an extension of the absorption spectra of the copolymers. Cyclic voltammetry measurements and molecular orbital distribution calculations indicate that the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) energy levels could be fine‐tuned by changing the number of thiophene units of the copolymers, and the resulting copolymers possessed relatively low HOMO energy levels promising good air stability and high‐open circuit voltage (Voc) for photovoltaic application. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices were fabricated by using the copolymers as donors and (6,6)‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester as acceptor. It was found that the highest Voc reached 0.94 V, and the short circuit currents (Jsc) were improved from 1.78 to 2.54 mA/cm2, though the power conversion efficiencies of the devices were measured between 0.61 and 0.99% under simulated AM 1.5 solar irradiation of 100 mW/cm2, which indicated that this series copolymers can be promising candidates for the photovoltaic applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2765–2776, 2010
The application of copper(II) deactivator on the single‐electron transfer living radical polymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate
Authors: Ren Wuyang , Jiang Long , Wang Weiwei , Dan Yi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate the living radical polymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate (tBA) applying the SET mechanism, employing methyl 2‐bromopropionate (MBP) as initiator in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at ambient temperature. It is observed that introducing copper bromide into the catalyst system is necessary for controlling on the SET‐LRP polymerization of tBA. In this work, we make major investigation for the effect of the different stoichiometry quantity of copper bromide on the polymerization. Experiments show that the polymerization achieves better control with increasing the stoichiometry quantity of copper(II) deactivator. The structural analysis of the resulting polymers by 1H NMR demonstrates the successful synthesis of poly(tBA)s by SET‐LRP in DMSO. Moreover, this work is helpful to the SET‐LRP of other monomers and is expected to expand the application of SET‐LRP. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2793–2797, 2010
A novel aromatic–aliphatic copolyester consisting of poly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one) and poly(ethylene‐co‐1,6‐hexene terephthalate): Preparation, thermal, and mechanical properties
Authors: Gong Jie , Lou Xiao‐Jie , Li Wen‐Da , Jing Xin‐Ke , Chen Hong‐Bing , Zeng Jian‐Bing , Wang Xiu‐Li , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA novel multiblock aromatic–aliphatic copolyester poly(ethylene‐co‐1,6‐hexene terephthalate)‐copoly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one) (PEHT‐PPDO) was successfully synthesized via the chain‐extension reaction of dihydroxyl teminated poly(ethylene‐co‐hexane terephthalate) (PEHT‐OH) with dihydroxyl teminated poly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one) (PPDO‐OH) prepolymers, using toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate as a chain extender. To produce PEHT‐OH prepolymer with an appropriate melting point which can match the reaction temperature of PEHT‐OH prepolymer with PPDO‐OH prepolymer, 1,6‐hexanediol was used to disturb the regularity of poly(ethylene terephthalate) segments. The chemical structures and molecular weights of PEHT‐PPDO copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, and GPC. The DSC data showed that PPDO‐OH segments were miscible well with PEHT‐OH segments in amorphous state and that the crystallization of copolyester was predominantly contributed by PPDO segments. The TGA results indicated that the thermal stability of PEHT‐PPDO was improved comparing with PPDO homopolymer. The novel aromatic–aliphatic copolyesters have good mechanical properties and could find applications in the field of biodegradable polymer materials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2828–2837, 2010
Cationic methacrylate copolymers containing primary and tertiary amino side groups: Controlled synthesis via RAFT polymerization, DNA condensation, and in vitro gene transfection
Authors: Zhu Caihong , Jung Sooyeon , Si Guoying , Cheng Ru , Meng Fenghua , Zhu Xiulin , Park Tae Gwan , Zhong Zhiyuan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA versatile family of cationic methacrylate copolymers containing varying amounts of primary and tertiary amino side groups were synthesized and investigated for in vitro gene transfection. Two different types of methacrylate copolymers, poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)/aminoethyl methacrylate [P(DMAEMA/AEMA)] and poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)/aminohexyl methacrylate [P(DMAEMA/AHMA)], were obtained by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) with N‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)aminoethyl methacrylate (Boc‐AEMA) or N‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)aminohexyl methacrylate (Boc‐AHMA) followed by acid deprotection. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements revealed that Boc‐protected methacrylate copolymers had Mn in the range of 16.1–23.0 kDa and low polydispersities of 1.12–1.26. The copolymer compositions were well controlled by monomer feed ratios. Dynamic light scattering and agarose gel electrophoresis measurements demonstrated that these PDMAEMA copolymers had better DNA condensation than PDMAEMA homopolymer. The polyplexes of these copolymers revealed low cytotoxicity at an N/P ratio of 3/1. The in vitro transfection in COS‐7 cells in serum free medium demonstrated significantly enhanced (up to 24‐fold) transfection efficiencies of PDMAEMA copolymer polyplexes as compared with PDMAEMA control. In the presence of 10% serum, P(DMAEMA/AEMA) and P(DMAEMA/AHMA) displayed a high transfection activity comparable with or better than 25 kDa PEI. These results suggest that cationic methacrylate copolymers are highly promising for development of safe and efficient nonviral gene transfer agents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2869–2877, 2010
Optimum antenna configuration in MIMO systems: a differential evolution based approach
Authors: Develi Ibrahim , Yazlik E. Nazife 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we address the problem of determining the optimum antenna configuration for a multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) system at any given signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). We used two‐level differential evolution (DE) algorithm that finds both an appropriate expression among a set of candidate expressions within the list of the optimization software used, and the parameter values (coefficients) belonging to the selected expression. The results of the proposed expression are compared with the results of high SNR approximation, asymptotic approach and optimum antenna number ratios. It is shown that the numerical outcomes produced by the new expression exhibit very good agreement with the optimum antenna number ratios, and this agreement is almost independent of the specific value of SNR. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altering the balance between healthy and mutated mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Smith Paul M. , Lightowlers Robert N. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPathogenic mutations of the mitochondrial genome are frequently found to co‐exist with wild‐type mtDNA molecules, a state known as heteroplasmy. In most disease cases, the mutation is recessive with manifestation of a clinical phenotype occurring when the proportion of mutated mtDNA exceeds a high threshold. The concept of increasing the ratio of healthy to mutated mtDNA as a means to correcting the biochemical defect has received much attention. A number of strategies are highlighted in this article, including manipulation of the mitochondrial genome by antigenomic drugs or restriction endonucleases, zinc finger peptide‐targeted nucleases and exercise‐induced gene shifting. The feasibility of these approaches has been demonstrated in a number of models, however more work is necessary before use in human patients.
White paper on imaging biomarkers
Authors:   European Society of Radiology (ESR)
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Because of the importance of biomarkers within medicine as a whole and the increasing realisation that imaging can safely provide biomarkers, the ESR executive commissioned this report by experts in the field. It is hoped that further awareness amongst our community will contibute to further exploitation of the enormous wealth of biomaker information available in our day to day imaging. The all important issues surrounding validation and standardisation are discussed, together with proposals for a European Network on Imaging Biomarkers to oversee such aspects.
A comparison of British school meals and packed lunches from 1990 to 2007: meta-analysis by lunch type
Authors: Evans Charlotte E. L. , Cleghorn Christine L. , Greenwood Darren C. , Cade Janet E. 
Published: May 2010

Primary school children in the UK have the choice of a school meal provided by the school or a packed lunch provided from home. Currently, more than half of primary school children have a packed lunch. New food-based standards for school meals were introduced in English primary schools in 2006, followed by nutrient-based standards in 2008. No formal comparisons of primary school lunches by lunch type have been undertaken to date. The present review identified seven studies from 1990 to 2007 measuring lunchtime nutrient intake in children aged 5–11 years having a school meal and children having a packed lunch. Pooled estimates for each nutrient were as follows: energy intake was 543 (95 % CI 233, 854) kJ higher in packed lunches; total sugar intake was 14·0 (95 % CI 10·3, 17·7) g higher in packed lunches; non-milk extrinsic sugar intake was 11·7 (95 % CI 7·3, 16·2) g higher in packed lunches; saturated fat intake was 4·7 (95 % CI 2·4, 7·1) g higher in packed lunches and Na intake was 357 (95 % CI 174, 539) mg higher in packed lunches. Differences between school meals and packed lunches were larger for all nutrients after the introduction of food-based standards compared with the period of no standards. However, differences between before and after standards did not reach statistical significance. The nutritional quality of packed lunches is poor compared with school meals. The introduction of food-based standards for school meals in 2006 has moderately improved the nutrient content of school meals, slightly widening the nutritional gap between school meals and packed lunches.
Infection dynamics of two renal myxozoans in hatchery reared fry and juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L.
Authors: HOLZER A. S. , STEWART S. , TILDESLEY A. , WOOTTEN R. , SOMMERVILLE C. 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYIn order to study the infection dynamics of 2 renal myxozoans, Zschokkella hildae Auerbach, 1910 and Gadimyxa atlanticaKøie, Karlsbakk and Nylund, 2007 in cultured Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L. aged 3–19 months, a specific single-round PCR assay and a double-label in situ hybridization protocol were developed. The results demonstrated that the 2 myxozoans show spatial separation of their development with regard to spore formation inside the renal tubules versus the collecting ducts and ureters, as well as temporal separation with Z. hildae proliferating and developing spores only once the G. atlantica infection decreases, despite the presence of both myxozoans in the smallest fry studied. These results strongly suggest within-host competition of the 2 myxozoans with potential suppression of Z. hildae by G. atlantica until G. morhua acquires immunity against G. atlantica. The quantification of the G. atlantica infection inside the renal tubules before and after a 29-day experimental growth performance study using fry from hatcheries with differing filtration systems showed that the intensity of infection with G. atlantica seems to be controlled if prolonged exposure to the myxozoan transmission stages takes place from hatching onwards. Surprisingly, growth rates in the trial were inversely affected suggesting that G. atlantica does not negatively influence cod fry growth performance.
Parasitism underground: determinants of helminth infections in two species of subterranean rodents (Octodontidae)
Authors: ROSSIN M. A. , MALIZIA A. I. , TIMI J. T. , POULIN R. 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYPatterns of infection among hosts in a population are often driven by intrinsic host features such as age or sex, as well as by positive or negative interactions between parasite species. We investigated helminth parasitism in 2 South American rodent species,Ctenomys australisandC. talarum(Octodontidae), to determine whether the unusual solitary and subterranean nature of these hosts would impact their patterns of infection. We applied generalized linear models to infection data on a total of 7 helminth species (1 inC. australisand 6 inC. talarum). Host age and season of capture influenced infection levels in some of the helminth species, but none were influenced by host body condition. InC. talarum, 4 pairs of helminth species showed significant associations, either asymmetrical or symmetrical, and with 3 of the 4 being positive; strong inter-specific facilitation appears likely in 1 case. Also, we found that female hosts, especially non-pregnant ones, harboured heavier infections of 2 nematode species than male hosts. This is in sharp contrast to the general male-bias reported for most studies of nematodes in wild mammals, and we develop explanations for these results based on the unusual ecology of these subterranean rodents.
Isolation of Trypanosoma caninum in domestic dogs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: DE S. PINTO A. G. , SCHUBACH T. M. P. , FIGUEIREDO F. B. , BAPTISTA C. , FAGUNDES A. , DA S. BARROS J. H. , DE PAULA C. C. , TOMA H. K. , MADEIRA M. F. 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYThe domestic dog's involvement with different members of the Trypanosomatidae family has been the focus of several studies due to this animal's close proximity to man. Recently this animal has been infected by a new Trypanosoma species (T. caninum), described in Rio de Janeiro and 19 similar isolates were later obtained. The objective of this study was to identify these isolates. All samples were isolated from intact skin cultures and analysed morphologically, by biochemical isoenzyme electrophoresis assays and by several molecular PCR assays. Additionally, anti-Leishmania sp. antibodies were assessed using the indirect Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) in all animals. The methodologies employed to identify the isolates, including partial nucleotide sequences of 18S rRNA gene, indicated patterns identical to T. caninum and patterns different from the other species, including T. cruzi and T. rangeli samples. A phylogenetic tree constructed with the partial 18S ribosomal sequence shows that T. caninum is clustered with T. pestanai. Ten (52·6%) animals presented anti-Leishmania sp. antibodies with titres varying from 1:40 to 1:320. Thus, the hypothesis that this protozoan has disseminated among the dogs in Rio de Janeiro must be considered. The importance of a correct diagnosis in those animals and the possible consequences in the areas where visceral leishmaniasis is found are discussed here.