bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring COVID-19 Phobia among International Chinese College Students in South Korea Before Ending COVID-19 Restrictions
Authors: Zhao Bo , Kong Fanlei , Nam Eun Woo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
College students, considered to be the driving force of society, are highly vulnerable to COVID-19. At a time when facing a new pandemic wave in 2022, China’s policy was in contrast with that of Korea. We investigated the phobia levels of international Chinese college students studying in Korea.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the frequency of use and trust of information sources, and COVID-19 phobia (C19P) among Chinese college students studying in Korea before ending related restrictions.

Methods
This study employed a cross-sectional design, conducting an online survey among Chinese college students studying in Korea from April 8–15, 2022 (before Korea ended the limitations due to COVID-19). Data about 319 respondents were analyzed, including socio-demographics, information variables, knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and C19P. Hierarchical regression analysis with different models was used to examine the relationship between information trust, KAP, and C19P.

Results
Results showed that students performed well in knowledge and preventive practices, had diverse sources of getting information related to COVID-19, and highly depended on the internet and news. Students who perceived a higher severity of infection showed higher levels of COVID-19 phobia. The tendency to wear masks with family/friends, avoid crowded places, and not agree with Korean government mitigation policies reported higher levels of COVID-19 phobia.

Conclusions
More authority and proactive communication strategies, such as consultations or education programs, are needed for international students to alleviate their phobias and psychological stress.
Relationship between academic procrastination, self-esteem, and moral intelligence among medical sciences students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghasempour Saeed , Babaei Aliasghar , Nouri Soheil , Basirinezhad Mohammad Hasan , Abbasi Ali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcademic procrastination is a widespread phenomenon among students. Therefore, evaluating the related factors has always been among the major concerns of educational system researchers. The present study aimed to determine the relationship of academic procrastination with self-esteem and moral intelligence in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences students.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 205 medical sciences students. Participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria using the convenience sampling technique. The data collection tools included a demographic information form, Solomon and Rothblum’s Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Lennick and Kiel’s Moral Intelligence Questionnaire, all of which were completed online. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests (multivariate linear regression with backward method) in SPSS software.Results96.1% of participating students experienced moderate to severe levels of academic procrastination. Based on the results of the backward multivariate linear regression model, the variables in the model explained 27.7% of the variance of academic procrastination. Additionally, self-esteem (P < 0.001,β=-0.942), grade point average (P < 0.001,β=-2.383), and interest in the study field (P = 0.006,β=-1.139) were reported as factors related to students’ academic procrastination.ConclusionAccording to the findings of this study, the majority of students suffer from high levels of academic procrastination. Furthermore, this problem was associated with low levels of self-esteem, grade point average, and interest in their field of study.
Advances in mass spectrometry-based approaches for characterizing monoclonal antibodies: resolving structural complexity and analytical challenges
Authors: Mojumdar Abhik , Yoo Hee-Jin , Kim Duck-Hyun , Park Jiwon , Park Su-Jin , Jeon Eunji , Choi Sunhee , Choi Jung Hoon , Park Moonhee , Bang Geul , Cho Kun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS)-based intact mass analysis and structural characterization of biotherapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a crucial characterization approach from upstream drug development to downstream product analysis. Due to various endogenous modifications leading to the structural heterogeneity and several N-linked glycan species resulting in macro-heterogeneity, it is challenging to characterize the mAbs. Hence, it is essential to understand the micro-heterogeneity of such proteins with high level of complexity which may vary in charge, size, or hydrophobicity. The development of high-throughput native separation techniques hyphenated with MS with high sensitivity and excellent mass accuracy has improved the top/middle down analysis, intact mass detection, subunit analysis, enhanced sequence coverage, and accurate localization of site-specific modifications. In this review, we have focused on the critical inroads taken for the improvement in MS-based techniques to resolve the challenges related to analysis of mAbs. Various MS-based techniques and their role in high-order structural analysis and the progress in software development have been explained, and further, the challenges remaining have been discussed.
Graphical Abstract
Modeling fuel break effectiveness in southern Spain wildfires
Authors: Ortega Macarena , Silva Francisco Rodríguez y , Molina Juan Ramón 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Fuel breaks aim to reduce the energetic progression of a wildfire, facilitating safe and efficient suppression. Changes in fire regimes are creating increasingly complex scenarios in which a higher percentage of wildfires exceed control capabilities, and a significant increase in firefighting costs is expected. Therefore, it is necessary to redefine fuel break networks incorporating science-based criteria. This change entails the improvement of the existing fuel breaks, the abandonment of those whose effectiveness does not justify the investment in their maintenance, and the development of new optimized designs. Fuel break effectiveness is understood as the probability of controlling a fire in the treated area. We analyzed 563 intersections between fires and fuel breaks that occurred during wildfires from 2011 to 2018 considering topographic, meteorological, fuel, design feature, suppression, and fire behavior factors. The main goal of this study is to quantitatively analyze the effectiveness of fuel breaks during wildfires in southern Spain and to develop models to predict potential fuel break effectiveness in fire containment capabilities by comparing machine learning techniques with a classic statistical approach.

Results
Fuel breaks were effective in containing the fire in 46.9% of cases. The most influential factors in effectiveness were the type of suppression work executed on fuel breaks (aerial, ground, or combined firefighting), the flame length, and the intersection angle between the fire and fuel break. Although the most accurate results were achieved with an artificial neural network, a decision tree could be the easiest model for end-user operational application.

Conclusions
This study entails a change in effectiveness assessment to an empirical approach in real wildfires in Spain. Our findings can be used to support decision-making for optimizing fire containment capability and firefighter safety.
The role of psychosis and clozapine load in excessive checking in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: longitudinal observational study
Authors: Fernandez-Egea Emilio , Chen Shanquan , Sangüesa Estela , Gassó Patricia , Biria Marjan , Plaistow James , Jarratt-Barnham Isaac , Segarra Nuria , Mas Sergi , Ribate Maria-Pilar , García Cristina B. , Fineberg Naomi A. , Worbe Yulia , Cardinal Rudolf N. , Robbins Trevor W. 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundA significant proportion of people with clozapine-treated schizophrenia develop ‘checking’ compulsions, a phenomenon yet to be understood.AimsTo use habit formation models developed in cognitive neuroscience to investigate the dynamic interplay between psychosis, clozapine dose and obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS).MethodUsing the anonymised electronic records of a cohort of clozapine-treated patients, including longitudinal assessments of OCS and psychosis, we performed longitudinal multi-level mediation and multi-level moderation analyses to explore associations of psychosis with obsessiveness and excessive checking. Classic bivariate correlation tests were used to assess clozapine load and checking compulsions. The influence of specific genetic variants was tested in a subsample.ResultsA total of 196 clozapine-treated individuals and 459 face-to-face assessments were included. We found significant OCS to be common (37.9%), with checking being the most prevalent symptom. In mediation models, psychosis severity mediated checking behaviour indirectly by inducing obsessions (r = 0.07, 95% CI 0.04–0.09; P < 0.001). No direct effect of psychosis on checking was identified (r = −0.28, 95% CI −0.09 to 0.03; P = 0.340). After psychosis remission (n = 65), checking compulsions correlated with both clozapine plasma levels (r = 0.35; P = 0.004) and dose (r = 0.38; P = 0.002). None of the glutamatergic and serotonergic genetic variants were found to moderate the effect of psychosis on obsession and compulsion (SLC6A4, SLC1A1 and HTR2C) survived the multiple comparisons correction.ConclusionsWe elucidated different phases of the complex interplay of psychosis and compulsions, which may inform clinicians’ therapeutic decisions.
Datopotamab Deruxtecan in Advanced or Metastatic HR+/HER2– and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Results From the Phase I TROPION-PanTumor01 Study
Authors: Bardia Aditya , Krop Ian E. , Kogawa Takahiro , Juric Dejan , Tolcher Anthony W. , Hamilton Erika P. , Mukohara Toru , Lisberg Aaron , Shimizu Toshio , Spira Alexander I. , Tsurutani Junji , Damodaran Senthil , Papadopoulos Kyriakos P. , Greenberg Jonathan , Kobayashi Fumiaki , Zebger-Gong Hong , Wong Rie , Kawasaki Yui , Nakamura Tadakatsu , Meric-Bernstam Funda 
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of a humanized antitrophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2) monoclonal antibody linked to a potent, exatecan-derived topoisomerase I inhibitor payload via a plasma-stable, selectively cleavable linker. PATIENTS AND METHODS TROPION-PanTumor01 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03401385 ) is a phase I, dose-escalation, and dose-expansion study evaluating Dato-DXd in patients with previously treated solid tumors. The primary study objective was to assess the safety and tolerability of Dato-DXd. Secondary objectives included evaluation of antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics. Results from patients with advanced/metastatic hormone receptor–positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HR+/HER2–) breast cancer (BC) or triple-negative BC (TNBC) are reported. RESULTS At data cutoff (July 22, 2022), 85 patients (HR+/HER2– BC = 41, and TNBC = 44) had received Dato-DXd. The objective response rate by blinded independent central review was 26.8% (95% CI, 14.2 to 42.9) and 31.8% (95% CI, 18.6 to 47.6) for patients with HR+/HER2– BC and TNBC, respectively. The median duration of response was not evaluable in the HR+/HER2– BC cohort and 16.8 months in the TNBC cohort. The median progression-free survival in patients with HR+/HER2– BC and TNBC was 8.3 and 4.4 months, respectively. All-cause treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs; any grade, grade ≥3) were observed in 100% and 41.5% of patients with HR+/HER2– BC and 100% and 52.3% of patients with TNBC. Stomatitis was the most common TEAE (any grade, grade ≥3) in both HR+/HER2– BC (82.9%, 9.8%) and TNBC (72.7%, 11.4%) cohorts. CONCLUSION In patients with heavily pretreated advanced HR+/HER2– BC and TNBC, Dato-DXd demonstrated promising clinical activity and a manageable safety profile. Dato-DXd is currently being evaluated in phase III studies.
Trans-Ancestral Genetic Risk Factors for Treatment-Related Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Im Cindy , Neupane Achal , Baedke Jessica L. , Lenny Brian , Delaney Angela , Dixon Stephanie B. , Chow Eric J. , Mostoufi-Moab Sogol , Yang Tianzhong , Richard Melissa A. , Gramatges M. Monica , Lupo Philip J. , Sharafeldin Noha , Bhatia Smita , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Ness Kirsten K. , Robison Leslie L. , Yasui Yutaka , Wilson Carmen L. , Sapkota Yadav 
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a prevalent long-term complication of treatment in survivors of childhood cancer, with marked racial/ethnic differences in burden. In this study, we investigated trans-ancestral genetic risks for treatment-related T2D. PATIENTS AND METHODS Leveraging whole-genome sequencing data from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort (N = 3,676, 304 clinically ascertained cases), we conducted ancestry-specific genome-wide association studies among survivors of African and European genetic ancestry (AFR and EUR, respectively) followed by trans-ancestry meta-analysis. Trans-/within-ancestry replication including data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (N = 5,965) was required for prioritization. Three external general population T2D polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were assessed, including multiancestry PRSs. Treatment risk effect modification was evaluated for prioritized loci. RESULTS Four novel T2D risk loci showing trans-/within-ancestry replication evidence were identified, with three loci achieving genome-wide significance ( P < 5 × 10–8). Among these, common variants at 5p15.2 ( LINC02112), 2p25.3 ( MYT1L), and 19p12 ( ZNF492) showed evidence of modifying alkylating agent-related T2D risk in both ancestral groups, but showed disproportionately greater risk in AFR survivors (AFR odds ratios [ORs], 3.95-17.81; EUR ORs, 2.37-3.32). In survivor-specific RNA-sequencing data (N = 207), the 19p12 locus variant was associated with greater ZNF492 expression dysregulation after exposures to alkylators. Elevated T2D risks across ancestry groups were only observed with increasing values for multiancestry T2D PRSs and were especially increased among survivors treated with alkylators (top v bottom quintiles: ORAFR, 20.18; P = .023; OREUR, 13.44; P = 1.3 × 10–9). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest therapy-related genetic risks contribute to the increased T2D burden among non-Hispanic Black childhood cancer survivors. Additional study of how therapy-related genetic susceptibility contributes to this disparity is needed.
ARE NEUROVASCULAR CHARTS APPROPRIATE FOR DIAGNOSING COMPARTMENT SYNDROME?
Authors: Sharkey Samantha , Round Joanne , Britten Simon 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionCompartment syndrome can be a life changing consequence of injury to a limb. If not diagnosed and treated early it can lead to permanent disability. Neurovascular observations done on the ward by nursing staff, are often our early warning system to those developing compartment syndrome. But are these adequate for detecting the early signs of compartment syndrome? Our aim was to compare the quality and variability of charts across the UK major trauma network.Materials & MethodsAll major trauma centres in England and Scotland were invited to supply a copy of the neurovascular chart routinely used. We assessed how such charts record relevant information. Specific primary data points included were pain scores, analgesia requirements, pain on passive stretch and decreased sensation in the first web space specifically. As secondary objectives, we assessed how late signs were recorded, whether clear instructions were included, quantitative scores and the use of regional blocks recorded.ResultsA response rate of 46% was achieved. Of the charts reviewed, 25% documented pain scores or pain on passive movement. Pain on movement and analgesia requirements were documented in 33% and 8% respectively. Specific sensation within the 1st webspace was recorded in 16%. No charts recorded use of regional block. All charts recorded global sensation, movement (unspecified), pulse and colour whilst 66% documented capillary refill and 83% temperature. Instructions were included in 41% of charts.ConclusionsIn 2016, the BOA supported publication of an observation chart for this purpose however, it is not widely used. In our study, late signs of compartment syndrome were generally well recorded. However, documentation of early signs and regional blocks was poor. This may lead to delays in diagnosis with significant clinical and medicolegal consequences. Standardisation of documentation by updating and promoting the use of the pre-existing chart would ensure highest quality care across the network.
A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF THE THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF SOFT TISSUE AND JOINT RANGE OF MOTION DURING LOWER LIMB LENGTHENING IN CHILDREN
Authors: Mackarel Christina , Tunbridge Rebecca 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionSheffield Children's Hospital specialises in limb lengthening for children. Soft tissue contracture and loss of range of motion at the knee and ankle are common complications. This review aims to look at therapeutic techniques used by the therapy team to manage these issues.Materials & MethodsA retrospective case review of therapy notes was performed of femoral and tibial lengthening's over the last 3 years. Included were children having long bone lengthening with an iIntramedullary nail, circular frame or mono-lateral rail. Patients excluded were any external fixators crossing the knee/ankle joints.Results20 tibial and 25 femoral lengthening's met the inclusion criteria. Pathologies included, complex fractures, limb deficiency, post septic necrosis and other congenital conditions leading to growth disturbance. All patients had issues with loss of motion at some point during the lengthening process. The knee and foot/ankle were equally affected. Numerous risk factors were identified across the cohort. Treatment provided included splinting, serial casting, bolt on shoes, exercise therapy, electrical muscle stimulation and passive stretching.ConclusionsLoss of motion in lower limb joints was common. Patients at higher risk were those with abnormal anatomy, larger target lengthening's, poor compliance or lack of access to local services. Therapy played a significant role in managing joint motion during treatment. However, limitations were noted. No one treatment option gave preferential outcomes, selection of treatment needed to be patient specific. Future research should look at guidelines to aid timely input and avoid secondary complications.
THE MANCHESTER PATTERN KNEE-SPANNING EXTERNAL FIXATOR: A MECHANICAL COMPARISON WITH TRADITIONAL EXTERNAL FIXATOR CONSTRUCTS
Authors: Ahmed Tarig , Upadhyay Piyush , Menawy Ziad El , Kumar Vishal , Jayadeep Jayachandran , Chappell Michael , Siddique Aliya , Shoaib Amer 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionKnee dislocations, vascular injuries and floating knee injuries can be initially managed by a external fixator. Fixator design constructs include the AO pattern and the Diamond pattern. However, these traditional constructs do not adhere to basic principles of external fixation. The Manchester pattern knee-spanning external fixator is a new construct pattern, which uses beam loading and multiplanar fixation. There is no data on any construct pattern. This study compares the stability of these designs.Materials & MethodsHoffman III (Stryker, USA) external fixation constructs were applied to articulated models of the lower limb, spanning the knee with a diamond pattern and a Manchester pattern. The stiffness was loaded both statically and cyclically with a Bose 3510 Electroforce mechanical testing jig (TA Instruments). A ramp to load test was performed initially and cyclical loading for measurement of stiffness over the test period. The results were analysed with a paired t-test and ANOVA.ResultsThe mean stiffness with the diamond pattern fixator was significantly less stiff than the Manchester pattern fixator – by a factor of 3 (40N/mm vs 115N/mm). Displacement increased in all patterns over simulated loading equating to six weeks. The diamond pattern demonstrated a 50%% increase in displacement over time. The Manchester pattern demonstrated only 20% increase in displacement over time. These are all statistically significant (p<0.01)ConclusionsThe aim of an external fixator in knee dislocations and vascular injuries is to provide stability, prevent displacement and protect repairs. Vascular injuries often require fixation for several weeks to protect a repair. The Manchester pattern, applying the principles of external fixation, provides a stiffer construct and also confers greater stability over the time a fixator may be required. We commend this more informed design for the management of knee dislocations and vascular injuries.
Architecture and Development: Israeli Construction in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Settler Colonial Imagination, 1958–1973, Ayala Levin (2022)
Authors: Shoked Noam 
Published: April 2024

Review of: Architecture and Development: Israeli Construction in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Settler Colonial Imagination, 1958–1973, Ayala Levin (2022)
Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 320 pp., 53 b&w and 16 colour illus.,
ISBN: 9781478015260, $107 (hardback)
On the interior regularity criteria for the viscoelastic fluid system with damping
Authors: Yue Gaocheng , Pang Zixuan , Wu Yangyang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We consider a system of PDEs that model a viscoelastic fluid with damping mechanism. In

ℝ
3

{\mathbb{R}^{3}}

, we construct
some new local energy bounds that enable us to improve several ϵ-regularity criteria for the Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg theorem for weak solutions
of this system.
Free boundary regularity in the fully nonlinear parabolic thin obstacle problem
Authors: Hu Xi , Tang Lin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study the regularity of the free boundary in the fully nonlinear parabolic thin obstacle problem.
Under the assumption of time semiconvexity, our main result establishes that the free boundary is a

C
1

C^{1}

graph in x near any regular free boundary point.
On the geometric trace of a generalized Selberg trace formula
Authors: Biró András , Tóth Dávid 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A certain generalization of the Selberg trace formula was proved by the first named author in 1999. In this generalization instead of considering the integral of

K
⁢

(
z
,
z
)

{K(z,z)}

(where

K
⁢

(
z
,
w
)

{K(z,w)}

is an automorphic kernel function) over the fundamental domain, one considers the integral of

K
⁢

(
z
,
z
)

⁢
u
⁢

(
z
)

{K(z,z)u(z)}

, where

u
⁢

(
z
)

{u(z)}

is a fixed automorphic eigenfunction of the Laplace operator. This formula was proved for discrete subgroups of

PSL
⁢

(
2
,
ℝ
)

{\mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb{R})}

, and just as in the case of the classical Selberg trace formula it was obtained by evaluating in two different ways (“geometrically” and “spectrally”) the integral of

K
⁢

(
z
,
z
)

⁢
u
⁢

(
z
)

{K(z,z)u(z)}

.
In the present paper we work out the geometric side of a further generalization of this generalized trace formula: we consider the case of discrete subgroups of

PSL
⁢

(
2
,
ℝ
)

n

{\mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb{R})^{n}}

where

n
>
1

{n>1}

. Many new difficulties arise in the case of these groups due to the fact that the classification of conjugacy classes is much more complicated for

n
>
1

{n>1}

than in the case

n
=
1

{n=1}

.