bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single case study of a family‐centred intervention with a young girl with cerebral palsy who is a multimodal communicator
Authors: Wadnerkar M. B. , Pirinen T. , Haines‐Bazrafshan R. , Rodgers J. , James D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground  This paper describes the impact of a family‐centred intervention that used video to enhance communication in a young girl with cerebral palsy. This single case study describes how the video‐based intervention worked in the context of multimodal communication, which included high‐tech augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device use. This paper includes the family's perspective of the video intervention and they describe the impact of it on their family.Methods  This single case study was based on the premise that the video interaction guidance intervention would increase attentiveness between participants during communication. It tests a hypothesis that eye gaze is a fundamental prerequisite for all communicative initiatives, regardless of modality in the child. Multimodality is described as the range of communicative behaviours used by the child and these are coded as AAC communication, vocalizations (intelligible and unintelligible), sign communication, nodding and pointing. Change was analysed over time with multiple testing both pre and post intervention. Data were analysed within INTERACT, a computer software to analyse behaviourally observed data. Behaviours were analysed for frequency and duration, contingency and co‐occurrence.Results  Results indicated increased duration of mother's and girl's eye gaze, increased frequency and duration in AAC communication by the girl and significant change in frequency [χ2 (5, n = 1) = 13.25, P < 0.05] and duration [χ2 (5, n = 1) = 12.57, P < 0.05] of the girl's multimodal communicative behaviours. Contingency and co‐occurrence analysis indicated that mother's eye gaze followed by AAC communication was the most prominent change between the pre‐ and post‐intervention assessments.Conclusions  There was a trend for increased eye gaze in both mum and girl and AAC communication in the girl following the video intervention. The family's perspective concurs with the results.
Association between filaggrin null mutations and concomitant atopic dermatitis and contact allergy
Authors: Carlsen B. C. , Thyssen J. P. , Menné T. , Meldgaard M. , Linneberg A. , Nielsen N. H. , Szecsi P. B. , Stender S. , Johansen J. D. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryBackground. The phenotypic traits of people with the filaggrin mutation (FLG) genotype and atopic dermatitis (AD) are still under elucidation, and the association with concomitant AD and contact allergy (CA) has not previously been examined.Aim. To assess FLG status in a subset of patients with AD and a minimum of one positive patch-test reaction.Methods. In total, 430 people from a hospital population and 3335 people from the general population were tested for FLG mutations by DNA hybridization to paramagnetic polystyrene beads and analysis on a multiplex analysis system. All of the individuals in the hospital population had a minimum of one CA. AD was diagnosed according to the UK Working Party Criteria, (questions-only version). Individuals from the hospital population who had both AD and CA were considered as cases, and comparison of mutation carrier frequency was estimated (χ2 test) against individuals without AD but with CA from the hospital population, individuals from the general population, and individuals with AD from the general population.Results. The mutation frequency in patients with AD and CA in the hospital population was significantly less than that of people with AD from the general population (OR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.30–0.98). No difference in mutation frequency was found between individuals with and without AD in the hospital population (OR = 1.40; 95% CI 0.70–2.79), or between individuals with AD and CA in the hospital population and in the overall general population (OR = 1.29; 95% CI 0.76–2.20).Conclusions. The spectrum of observable traits characteristic for the FLG mutation genotype in patients with AD is at present not defined. Our results indicate that the subset of patients with both AD and CA represent a phenotype of AD that is not associated with FLG mutations.
A survey of the availability of sunscreen filters in the UK
Authors: Kerr A. C. 
Published: March 2011

Summary
The frequency, and thus availability to patients, of ultraviolet (UV) filters contained within sunscreens changes over time. Obtaining current data on filter availability is necessary when considering which agents to include in sunscreen series for patch and photopatch testing of patients. A survey of sunscreen products was undertaken in Dundee, UK, in 2010. In total, 337 products were identified, with a median sun-protection factor of 30 (range 2–50+). In these products, 19 UV filters were identified, of which the most common was butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane. Compared with data from 2005, most filters had an increase in frequency of inclusion, with a trend towards broader spectrum protection. This information should be of use to clinicians considering investigation of contact and photocontact allergy. It also aids determination of the allergenic potential of these filters when reports of allergy and photocontact allergy arise in the literature.
Association between effective dose of prednisolone, alone or in conjunction with other immunosuppressants, and titre of anti-bullous pemphigoid 180 antibody: a retrospective study of 42 cases
Authors: Miida H. , Fujiwara H. , Ito M. 
Published: March 2011

Summary
Background. Corticosteroids, especially prednisolone or prednisone, are the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of bullous pemphigoid (BP). However, the appropriate initial effective prednisolone dose has not been established. Recently, a highly sensitive and specific ELISA for detection of autoantibodies to the non-collagenous extracellular domain (NC16A) of the 180 kDa transmembrane hemidesmosome component [bullous pemphigoid (BP)180] was developed, and the titre of anti-BP180 antibody was found to be closely related to disease activity.
Aim. To investigate the relationship between anti-BP180 antibody titre and effective prednisolone dose alone or in conjunction with other immunosuppressants.
Methods. Anti-BP180 antibody titres were measured by ELISA for the NC16A domain of BP180 in the sera of patients with BP (n = 42) at the start of treatment. The effective prednisolone dose was calculated from the patients’ records.
Results. Higher anti-BP180 antibody titres correlated with a higher effective prednisolone dose. In particular, patients with antibody titres &gt; 200 required a significantly higher effective prednisolone dose than did those with antibody titres ≤ 200.
Conclusions. A higher effective prednisolone dose may be necessary for patients who have both a high titre of anti-BP180 antibody and severe clinical disease.
Wnt10b promotes growth of hair follicles via a canonical Wnt signalling pathway
Authors: Li Y.-H. , Zhang K. , Ye J.-X. , Lian X.-H. , Yang T. 
Published: March 2011

Summary
Background. Wnt10b (wingless-related mouse mammary tumour virus integration site 10b) plays various roles in a wide range of biological actions, including hair-follicle development.
Aim. To assess the roles that Wnt10b plays in postnatal hair-follicle growth.
Methods. Adenovirus vectors AdWnt10b, AdGFP, AdGFP plus AdRFP, AdWnt10b plus AdFrzB, and AdWnt10b plus AdSimBC were co-cultured separately with vibrissae. In situ protein expression of Wnt10b, β-catenin and Lef1 was determined by immunohistochemistry, and the proliferation status of the hair follicle was detected by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling. The presence of Wnt signalling molecules in the three stages of hair-follicle growth was detected by PCR-based microarray.
Results. AdWnt10b-infected cells were able to secrete bioactive Wnt10b, and when this was added into the basal medium, the vibrissae grew faster than in control medium or in medium containing canonical Wnt signalling antagonists. The in situ protein expression of Wnt10b was consistent with that of β-catenin and Lef1. The expression locus of Wnt10b was almost the same as the proliferating cells labelled by BrdU in the anagen hair follicle.
Conclusions. Wnt10b may promote hair-follicle growth by inducing the switch from telogen to anagen via a canonical Wnt signalling pathway to promote the proliferation of matrix cells.
Changes in satellite‐derived vegetation growth trend in temperate and boreal Eurasia from 1982 to 2006
Authors: PIAO SHILONG , WANG XUHUI , CIAIS PHILIPPE , ZHU BIAO , WANG TAO , LIU JIE 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMonitoring changes in vegetation growth has been the subject of considerable research during the past several decades, because of the important role of vegetation in regulating the terrestrial carbon cycle and the climate system. In this study, we combined datasets of satellite‐derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and climatic factors to analyze spatio‐temporal patterns of changes in vegetation growth and their linkage with changes in temperature and precipitation in temperate and boreal regions of Eurasia (> 23.5°N) from 1982 to 2006. At the continental scale, although a statistically significant positive trend of average growing season NDVI is observed (0.5 × 10−3 year−1, P = 0.03) during the entire study period, there are two distinct periods with opposite trends in growing season NDVI. Growing season NDVI has first significantly increased from 1982 to 1997 (1.8 × 10−3 year−1, P < 0.001), and then decreased from 1997 to 2006 (−1.3 × 10−3 year−1, P = 0.055). This reversal in the growing season NDVI trends over Eurasia are largely contributed by spring and summer NDVI changes. Both spring and summer NDVI significantly increased from 1982 to 1997 (2.1 × 10−3 year−1, P = 0.01; 1.6 × 10−3 year−1P < 0.001, respectively), but then decreased from 1997 to 2006, particularly summer NDVI which may be related to the remarkable decrease in summer precipitation (−2.7 mm yr−1, P = 0.009). Further spatial analyses supports the idea that the vegetation greening trend in spring and summer that occurred during the earlier study period 1982–1997 was either stalled or reversed during the following study period 1997–2006. But the turning point of vegetation NDVI is found to vary across different regions.
Evaluating the effects of 14‐day oral vedaprofen and tolfenamic acid treatment on renal function, hematological and biochemical profiles in healthy cats
Authors: KHWANJAI V. , CHUTHATEP S. , DURONGPHONGTORN S. , YIBCHOK‐ANUN S. 
Published: March 2011

Khwanjai, V., Chuthatep, S., Durongphongtorn, S., Yibchok‐Anun, S. Evaluating the effects of 14‐day oral vedaprofen and tolfenamic acid treatment on renal function, hematological and biochemical profiles in healthy cats.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 13–18.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs vedaprofen and tolfenamic acid on renal function after oral administration for 2 weeks in healthy cats. Experiments were performed using nineteen domestic short‐haired cats randomly divided into one control (n = 6) and two treatment groups. All cats in the first (n = 6) and second treatment groups (n = 7) received vedaprofen (0.5 mg/kg/day) and tolfenamic acid (4 mg/kg/day), respectively. During the experiment, renal function was evaluated using percent renal uptakes of99mTechnetium‐diethylenetriamine‐pentaacetic acid (99mTc‐DTPA) collected from renal scintigraphy and blood samples used to determine complete blood count and biochemical profiles. Renal scintigraphy and blood collections were performed at days 0, 5, 11, 15, and 45. The percent of renal uptake after the administration of vedaprofen and tolfenamic acid were not significantly different compared to pretreatment (day 0) and control group levels. In addition, significant changes were not observed in hematological and biochemical profiles within or between groups, with the exception of slightly lower numbers in red blood cell counts compared to the normal value on day 45 in the tolfenamic acid‐treated group. Taken together, we conclude 14‐day administration of vedaprofen and tolfenamic acid might not cause any adverse effects on renal function, hematological and serum biochemical variables.
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intramuscular buprenorphine in the horse
Authors: DAVIS J. L. , MESSENGER K. M. , LaFEVERS D. H. , BARLOW B. M. , POSNER L. P. 
Published: March 2011

Davis, J. L., Messenger, K. M., LaFevers, D. H., Barlow, B. M., Posner, L. P. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intramuscular buprenorphine in the horse.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 52–58.The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration in horses. Six horses received i.v. or i.m. buprenorphine (0.005 mg/kg) in a randomized, crossover design. Plasma samples were collected at predetermined times and horses were monitored for adverse reactions. Buprenorphine concentrations were measured using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Following i.v. administration, clearance was 7.97 ± 5.16 mL/kg/min, and half‐life (T1/2) was 3.58 h (harmonic mean). Volume of distribution was 3.01 ± 1.69 L/kg. Following i.m. administration, maximum concentration (Cmax) was 1.74 ± 0.09 ng/mL, which was significantly lower than the highest measured concentration (4.34 ± 1.22 ng/mL) after i.v. administration (P < 0.001). Time to Cmaxwas 0.9 ± 0.69 h andT1/2was 4.24 h. Bioavailability was variable (51–88%). Several horses showed signs of excitement. Gut sounds were decreased 10 ± 2.19 and 8.67 ± 1.63 h in the i.v. and i.m. group, respectively. Buprenorphine has a moderateT1/2in the horse and was detected at concentrations expected to be therapeutic in other species after i.v. and i.m. administration of 0.005 mg/kg. Signs of excitement and gastrointestinal stasis may be noted.
Interesting twists on small RNA themes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Sharma Cynthia Mira , Storz Gisela 
Published: March 2011

SummaryWhile many of the initial studies of regulatory small RNA (sRNA) function focused on Escherichia coli and Salmonella, there is expanding characterization of sRNAs in other bacteria. These studies are revealing unique permutations of the themes found in E. coli and Salmonella. This point is nicely illustrated by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Hfq‐binding RNA, PhrS, which activates the synthesis of the key quorum sensing transcription regulator PqsR as described by Sonnleitner et al. in the current issue of Molecular Microbiology. The PhrS RNA combines features of several previously characterized sRNAs; its expression is induced by low oxygen, it encodes a small protein, and it modulates the expression of a quorum sensing regulator by preventing the formation of an inhibitory secondary structure. However, in contrast to other base pairing sRNAs that activate translation, PhrS does not act directly on pqsR but rather increases the translation of a small upstream open reading frame (uof) whose translation is coupled to pqsR.
Cerebral small vessel endothelial structural changes predate hypertension in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats: a blinded, controlled immunohistochemical study of 5‐ to 21‐week‐old rats
Authors: Bailey E. L. , Wardlaw J. M. , Graham D. , Dominiczak A. F. , Sudlow C. L. M. , Smith C. 
Published: March 2011

E. L. Bailey, J. M. Wardlaw, D. Graham, A. F. Dominiczak, C. L. M. Sudlow and C. Smith (2011) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology37, 711–726Cerebral small vessel endothelial structural changes predate hypertension in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats: a blinded, controlled immunohistochemical study of 5‐ to 21‐week‐old ratsAims: The spontaneously hypertensive stroke‐prone rat (SHRSP) is a potential animal model of human lacunar stroke, but there is little information on SHRSP small vessel pathology, especially in young rats. We investigated the structural changes that occur in cortical and subcortical vessels and adjacent tissue in SHRSP before, during and after the onset of hypertension. Methods: We examined brains from SHRSP and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) at 5, 16 and 21 weeks of age. Structural changes in small arterioles and adjacent tissue were studied using antibodies to investigate different components of the neurovascular unit. We quantified staining in three standard regions, at two coronal levels. Results: Immunostaining for claudin‐5, a marker of endothelial tight junctions, was reduced in SHRSP at all ages compared to age‐matched WKY controls. Smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule 1 were increased in SHRSP vs. WKY by 16 weeks. Additionally, 21‐week‐old WKY and SHRSP rats fed a high‐salt diet showed differences in claudin‐5, glial fibrillary acidic protein and matrix metalloproteinase 9 staining compared to those fed a normal diet. Conclusion: Endothelial tight junction alterations of SHRSP rats from the earliest ages point towards increased susceptibility to blood–brain barrier dysfunction and stroke, which is exacerbated by salt loading. Salt loading may also damage the neurovascular unit in WKY controls.
Chronic food restriction augments the reinstatement of extinguished heroin‐seeking behavior in rats
Authors: Shalev Uri 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTCurrently, there are no existing procedures that model in animals the situation where exposure to prolonged mild food restriction results in relapse to drug abuse. Here, reinstatement of extinguished heroin‐seeking behavior was assessed in rats under extinction conditions. Ten, but not 7, days of food restriction (∼80% of sated body weight) induced reinstatement of heroin seeking, over and above the spontaneous recovery of the behavior. It is suggested that chronic, mild, food restriction following extinction of drug seeking behavior might serve as a useful model to study the increased risk for relapse to drug abuse due to dietary challenges.
Identification of genes regulated in the mouse extended amygdala by excessive ethanol drinking associated with dependence
Authors: Contet Candice , Gardon Olivier , Filliol Dominique , Becker Jérôme A. J. , Koob George F. , Kieffer Brigitte L. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTAlcoholism is characterized by a progressive loss of control over ethanol intake. The purpose of this study was to identify transcriptional changes selectively associated with excessive ethanol drinking in dependent mice, as opposed to non‐dependent mice maintaining a stable voluntary consumption or mice solely undergoing forced intoxication. We measured expression levels of 106 candidate genes in the extended amygdala, a key brain structure for the development of drug addiction. Cluster analysis identified 17 and 15 genes selectively induced or repressed, respectively, under conditions of excessive drinking. These genes belong to signaling pathways involved in neurotransmission and transcriptional regulation.
Best friends and alcohol use in adolescence: the role of the dopamine D4 receptor gene
Authors: van der Zwaluw Carmen S. , Larsen Helle , Engels Rutger C. M. E. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe influence of friends and peers is theoretically one of the most consistent and important factors explaining adolescent alcohol use. However, not all adolescents are equally likely to be influenced by their friends' drinking behaviors. Genetic factors may underlie these inter‐individual differences in susceptibility to the drinking behavior of friends. Because the long allele (≥ 7 repeats) of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene has been associated with susceptibility to alcohol and alcohol‐related cues, we tested whether associations between best friend's and adolescent's alcohol use differed for DRD4 genotypes. A Dutch nationwide sample of 308 adolescents (age 13 at baseline) participated in a prospective, community‐based study with five annual waves. A cross‐lagged path analysis was carried out in Mplus to examine bi‐directional relations between friends' and adolescents' weekly alcohol use (number of drinks). A multi‐group approach was applied to test for moderation effects of a 48‐base pair variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in exon 3 of the DRD4 gene. Additionally, with latent growth curve models, it was examined whether the interaction between friends' drinking and DRD4 genotype predicted the development of adolescents' alcohol use. Results showed that both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally higher levels of friends' alcohol use resulted in higher levels of adolescents' alcohol consumption over time (and vice versa). No significant moderation of DRD4 genotype was found: Associations between adolescents' and friends' drinking did not differ for adolescent carriers of the DRD4 long allele, when compared with adolescents without the DRD4 long allele. Because this is the first study to examine DRD4 × friends' drinking effects prospectively, replication is essential. Future longitudinal studies, possibly with observational or diary designs, are needed to increase our understanding of the interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors for adolescent alcohol use.
Epigenetic down regulation of nerve growth factor during alcohol withdrawal
Authors: Heberlein Annemarie , Muschler Marc , Frieling Helge , Behr Michael , Eberlein Christian , Wilhelm Julia , Gröschl Michael , Kornhuber Johannes , Bleich Stefan , Hillemacher Thomas 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTWe investigated the Cytosin‐phosphatidyl‐Guanin (CpG) island promoter methylation (mean and methylation of individual CpG‐sites) of the nerve growth factor (NGF) gene in the blood of alcohol‐dependent patients (57 male patients) during withdrawal (days 1, 7 and 14). Methylation and NGF serum levels did not change significantly from days 1–7. From days 7–14, mean methylation increased (F = 30.55, P < 0.001), whereas the NGF serum levels decreased significantly (days 7–14: F = 17.95, P < 0.001). The NGF serum levels were significantly associated with the mean methylation of the investigated CpG‐sites (F = 1.55, P < 0.001). These results imply an epigenetic regulation of the NGF gene during alcohol withdrawal.
Pharmacological modulation of mGluR7 with AMN082 and MMPIP exerts specific influences on alcohol consumption and preference in rats
Authors: Bahi Amine , Fizia Katharina , Dietz Monika , Gasparini Fabrizio , Flor Peter J. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTGrowing evidence supports a role for the central nervous system (CNS) neurotransmitter L‐glutamate and its metabotropic receptors (mGluRs) in drug addiction in general and alcohol‐use disorders in particular. Alcohol dependence, for instance, has a genetic component, and the recent discovery that variations in the gene coding for mGluR7 modulate alcohol consumption further validates involvement of the L‐glutamate system. Consequently, increasing interest emerges in developing L‐glutamatergic therapies for the treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence. To this end, we performed a detailed behavioral pharmacology study to investigate the regulation of alcohol consumption and preference following administration of the mGluR7‐selective drugs N,N′‐dibenzyhydryl‐ethane‐1,2‐diamine dihydrochloride (AMN082) and 6‐(4‐Methoxyphenyl)‐5‐methyl‐3‐(4‐pyridinyl)‐isoxazolo[4,5‐c]pyridin‐4(5H)‐one hydrochloride (MMPIP). Upon administration of the allosteric agonist AMN082 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats, there was a significant decrease in ethanol consumption and preference, without affecting ethanol blood metabolism. In contrast, mGluR7 blockade with MMPIP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) showed an increase in alcohol intake and reversed AMN082's effect on ethanol consumption and preference. Both mGluR7‐directed pharmacological tools had no effect on total fluid intake, taste preference, or on spontaneous locomotor activity. In conclusion, these findings support a specific regulatory role for mGluR7 on alcohol drinking and preference and provide evidence for the use of AMN082‐type drugs as potential new treatments for alcohol‐use disorders in man.