bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molybdenum Sulfide Nanoflowers as Electrodes for Efficient and Scalable Lithium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Mir Rameez Ahmad , Hoseini Amir Hosein Ahmadian , Hansen Evan J. , Tao Li , Zhang Yue , Liu Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) bridge the unique advantages of batteries and capacitors and are considered promising energy storage devices for hybrid vehicles and other electronic gadgets. Lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) have attained particular interest due to their higher energy and power density than traditional supercapacitor devices. The limited voltage window and the deterioration of anode materials upsurged the demand for efficient and stable electrode materials. Two‐dimensional (2D) molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) is a promising candidate for developing efficient and durable LICs due to its wide lithiation potential and unique layer structure, enhancing charge storage efficiency. Modifying the extrinsic features, such as the dimensions and shape at the nanoscale, serves as a potential path to overcome the sluggish kinetics observed in the LICs. Herein, the MoS2 nanoflowers have been synthesized through a hydrothermal route. The developed LIC exhibited a specific capacitance of 202.4 F g−1 at 0.25 A g−1 and capacitance retention of >90 % over 5,000 cycles. Using an ether electrolyte improved the voltage window (2.0 V) and enhanced the stability performance. The ex‐situ material characterization after the stability test reveals that the storage mechanism in MoS2‐LICs is not diffusion‐controlled. Instead, the fast surface redox reactions, especially intercalation/deintercalation of ions, are more prominent for charge storage.
Preventative treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex with sirolimus: Phase I safety and efficacy results
Authors: Capal Jamie K. , Ritter David M. , Franz David Neal , Griffith Molly , Currans Kristn , Kent Bridget , Martina Bebin E. , Northrup Hope , Koenig Mary Kay , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Vinks Alexander A. , Galandi Stephanie L. , Zhang Wujuan , Setchell Kenneth D.R. , Kremer Kelly M. , Prada Carlos M. , Greiner Hansel M. , Holland‐Bouley Katherine , Horn Paul S. , Krueger Darcy A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) results from overactivity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Sirolimus and everolimus are mTOR inhibitors that treat most facets of TSC but are understudied in infants. We sought to understand the safety and potential efficacy of preventative sirolimus in infants with TSC.MethodsWe conducted a phase 1 clinical trial of sirolimus, treating five patients until 12 months of age. Enrolled infants had to be younger than 6 months of age with no history of seizures and no clinical indication for sirolimus treatment. Adverse events (AEs), tolerability, and blood concentrations of sirolimus measured by tandem mass spectrometry were tracked through 12 months of age, and clinical outcomes (seizure characteristics and developmental profiles) were tracked through 24 months of age.ResultsThere were 92 AEs, with 34 possibly, probably, or definitely related to treatment. Of those, only two were grade 3 (both elevated lipids) and all AEs were resolved by the age of 24 months. During the trial, 94% of blood sirolimus trough levels were in the target range (5–15 ng/mL). Treatment was well tolerated, with less than 8% of doses held because of an AE (241 of 2941). Of the five patients, three developed seizures (but were well controlled on medications) at 24 months of age. Of the five patients, four had normal cognitive development for age. One was diagnosed with possible autism spectrum disorder.InterpretationThese results suggest that sirolimus is both safe and well tolerated by infants with TSC in the first year of life. Additionally, the preliminary work suggests a favorable efficacy profile compared with previous TSC cohorts not exposed to early sirolimus treatment. Results support sirolimus being studied as preventive treatment in TSC, which is now underway in a prospective phase 2 clinical trial (TSC‐STEPS).
Smart Sensing of Nerve Agents
Authors: Puglisi Roberta , Santonocito Rossella , Pappalardo Andrea , Trusso Sfrazzetto Giuseppe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe recent international scenario highlights the importance to protect human health and environmental quality from toxic compounds. In this context, organophosphorous (OP) Nerve Agents (NAs) have received particular attention, due to their use in terrorist attacks. Classical instrumental detection techniques are sensitive and selective, but they cannot be used in real field due to the high cost, specialized personnel requested and huge size. For these reasons, the development of practical, easy and fast detection methods (smart methods) is the future of this field. Indeed, starting from initial sensing research, based on optical and/or electrical sensors, today the development and use of smart strategies to detect NAs is the current state of the art. This review summarizes the smart strategies to detect NAs, highlighting some important parameters, such as linearity, limit of detection and selectivity. Furthermore, some critical comments of the future on this field, and in particular, the problems to be solved before a real application of these methods, are provided.
Investigating the relationship between green human resource management and employees' environmental behavior
Authors: Qi Lei , Pang Zhiqiang , Xu Yuping , Liu Bing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough accumulated evidence has shown that green human resource management (GHRM) has crucial effects on employees' environmental behavior, there is limited research on the underlying mechanisms of the link. Drawing on social information processing theory, we build a multilevel model to test that how and when GHRM has benefits for employees' environmental behavior. For a sample of 866 frontline employees organized into 53 hotels collected from three data sources, we find that GHRM is positively associated with work group green advocacy, which in turn is positively associated with employees' environmental behavior. Moreover, managerial interpretations of environmental issues strengthen the positive effect of work group green advocacy on employees' environmental behavior. Theoretical and practical implications of our results are discussed.
Electron Structure of α‐, β‐Te2MoO7 and Photocatalytic Decomposition of Antibiotics
Authors: Fukina Diana G. , Boryakov Aleksey V. , Koroleva Alexandra V. , Zhizhin Evgeny V. , Titaev Dmitry N. , Koryagin Andrey V. , Shotina Valeria A. , Shilova Elena V. , Suleimanov Evgeny V. , Mitin Alexander V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTwo modifications of Te2MoO7 oxide have been prepared by different synthetic methods. The crystal structure and composition have been studied by X‐ray diffraction analysis and X‐ray microanalysis. The phase of α‐Te2MoO7 has been synthesized by solid‐state reaction from ammonium salts and characterized by monoclinic structure with P21/c. The β‐Te2MoO7 compound has been formed in hydrothermal conditions and has amorphous nature. The thermal behavior of β‐Te2MoO7 modification is characterized by the phase transition into α‐form, however after melting the amorphous state has restored. The electron structure has been investigated experimentally by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV‐vis diffusion reflectance spectra and theoretically by approximation using atomic electronegativity. Despite the same composition, the band gap of β‐Te2MoO7 corresponds to visible light, whereas α‐Te2MoO7 adsorbs light in UV region. The both modifications are able to generate superoxide radicals in vacuum or air and hydroxyl radicals in water under irradiation. The HPLC‐MS analysis has shown the quite deep decomposition of dye and antibiotics by α‐Te2MoO7, whereas amorphous phase almost does not lead to any oxidation.
Enabling free movement but restricting domestic policy space? The price of mutual recognition
Authors: Zöllmer Jasmin , Grethe Harald 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFree movement of goods within the EU is guaranteed via mutual recognition: any product lawfully produced in one member state must also be accepted in all other member states. While unleashing economic benefits from trade without regulatory barriers, mutual recognition potentially limits member states' ability to address societal concerns with regard to production conditions. This hypothesis is addressed via the case of farm animal welfare in Germany, combining a thorough policy analysis with 20 elite interviews. The results demonstrate how the discourse of inner‐European competition has discouraged policymakers to adopt stricter legislation over the past three decades, exemplifying the impeding effect of mutual recognition on member states' policies. Understanding these mechanisms is vital for handling regulatory diversity within integrated markets and offers insights into similar policy areas. This research contributes to the broader issue of national sustainability standards in a globalized world, where collective preferences increasingly collide with economic goals.
Arts‐based approaches for futures workshops: Creating and interpreting artistic futures images
Authors: Lehikoinen Kai , Tuittila Satu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs a multidisciplinary field, futures research borrows approaches from different disciplines. However, it often ignores the potential of the arts on a large scale, even though the arts embrace creativity and often depict and narrate imagined futures. This article applies a case study approach to review and categorize selected arts‐based approaches and assess their potential—strengths and limitations—for futures workshops in higher arts education context. The approaches were tried extensively in Art School Futures Labs (15 test labs and 12 actual labs) and a summer school in eight European countries. Three case examples are scrutinized in more detail to illuminate their use in the cocreation of futures images. One artistic futures image is discussed within the frameworks of Wittgensteinian aspect perception and intertextuality, highlighting the importance of interpretation in unpacking the complex meanings that artistic futures images convey. Finally, some recommendations are given to support the successful use of arts‐based approaches in futures workshops.
Post‐combustion carbon dioxide adsorption of concurrent activated and surface modified palm kernel shell‐derived activated carbon
Authors: Lai Jia Yen , Ngu Lock Hei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research applied a concurrent activation and surface modification (CAM) process to synthesize palm kernel shell‐derived activated carbon (PKSdAC) to obtain CO2affinity surface functionalization. The CAM process is a simplified activated carbon activation process that is cost‐effective. The CAM process used in this study integrates sulphuric acid activation and barium chloride functionalization. The formation of barium sulphate is targeted to incorporate barium through a reduction process with carbon‐containing material at elevated temperatures into PKSdAC to obtain basic metal surfaces functional group for chemical adsorption. The optimal temperature for CAM‐PKSdAC CO2adsorption performance was at 40–60 °C, established through temperature‐programmed desorption of CO2(TPD‐CO2) analysis. The CAM‐PKSdAC adsorption performance was tested using a lab‐scale adsorption system. The bed CO2content was determined using gas chromatography coupled with a thermal conductivity detector (GC‐TCD) by manual syringe injection. CAM‐PKSdAC exhibited a high CO2adsorption capacity of 0.89 mmol g−1from TPD‐CO2, and 1.91 mmol g−1from GC‐TCD at 40 °C and 1 bar. It showed comparable CO2adsorption capacity to conventional surface modified‐activated PKSdAC (1.96 mmol g−1) while higher than commercial and modified ACs (1.14–1.60 mmol g−1), but lower than potassium hydroxide modified ACs (1.81–2.10 mmol g−1) at 40 °C and 1 bar. Barium promoted chemisorption of CO2as supplementary reaction, which increases adsorption capacity. The non‐linear Dubinin Radushkevich model strongly correlates with the experimental adsorption data for CAM‐PKSdAC adsorption, indicating the physisorption process via micropore filling on CAM‐PKSdAC. CAM‐PKSdAC showed moderate reusability with negligible variation in adsorption capacity after 10 adsorption–desorption cycles. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The neural representation of metacognition in preferential decision‐making
Authors: Liu Cuizhen , Wang Keqing , Yu Rongjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHumans regularly assess the quality of their judgements, which helps them adjust their behaviours. Metacognition is the ability to accurately evaluate one's own judgements, and it is assessed by comparing objective task performance with subjective confidence report in perceptual decisions. However, for preferential decisions, assessing metacognition in preference‐based decisions is difficult because it depends on subjective goals rather than the objective criterion. Here, we develop a new index that integrates choice, reaction time, and confidence report to quantify trial‐by‐trial metacognitive sensitivity in preference judgements. We found that the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and the right anterior insular were more activated when participants made bad metacognitive evaluations. Our study suggests a crucial role of the dmPFC‐insula network in representing online metacognitive sensitivity in preferential decisions.
Functionally annotated electrophysiological neuromarkers of healthy ageing and memory function
Authors: Auer Tibor , Goldthorpe Robin , Peach Robert , Hebron Henry , Violante Ines R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe unprecedented increase in life expectancy presents a unique opportunity and the necessity to explore both healthy and pathological aspects of ageing. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used to identify neuromarkers of cognitive ageing due to its affordability and richness in information. However, despite the growing volume of data and methodological advancements, the abundance of contradictory and non‐reproducible findings has hindered clinical translation. To address these challenges, our study introduces a comprehensive workflow expanding on previous EEG studies and investigates various static and dynamic power and connectivity estimates as potential neuromarkers of cognitive ageing in a large dataset. We also assess the robustness of our findings by testing their susceptibility to band specification. Finally, we characterise our findings using functionally annotated brain networks to improve their interpretability and multi‐modal integration. Our analysis demonstrates the effect of methodological choices on findings and that dynamic rather than static neuromarkers are not only more sensitive but also more robust. Consequently, they emerge as strong candidates for cognitive ageing neuromarkers. Moreover, we were able to replicate the most established EEG findings in cognitive ageing, such as alpha oscillation slowing, increased beta power, reduced reactivity across multiple bands, and decreased delta connectivity. Additionally, when considering individual variations in the alpha band, we clarified that alpha power is characteristic of memory performance rather than ageing, highlighting its potential as a neuromarker for cognitive ageing. Finally, our approach using functionally annotated source reconstruction allowed us to provide insights into domain‐specific electrophysiological mechanisms underlying memory performance and ageing.Highlights
We provide an open and reproducible pipeline with a comprehensive workflow to investigate static and dynamic EEG neuromarkers.
Neuromarkers related to neural dynamics are sensitive and robust.
Individualised alpha power characterises cognitive performance rather than ageing.
Functional annotation allows cross‐modal interpretation of EEG findings.
3D bioprinted aged human post‐infarct myocardium tissue model
Authors: Basara Gozde , Celebi Lara Ece , Ronan George , Discua Santos Victoria , Zorlutuna Pinar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsFibrotic tissue formed after myocardial infarction (MI) can be as detrimental as MI itself. However, current in vitro cardiac fibrosis models fail to recapitulate the complexities of post‐MI tissue. Moreover, although MI and subsequent fibrosis is most prominent in the aged population, the field suffers from inadequate aged tissue models. Herein, an aged human post‐MI tissue model, representing the native microenvironment weeks after initial infarction, is engineered using three‐dimensional bioprinting via creation of individual bioinks to specifically mimic three distinct regions: remote, border, and scar.MethodsThe aged post‐MI tissue model is engineered through combination of gelatin methacryloyl, methacrylated hyaluronic acid, aged type I collagen, and photoinitiator at variable concentrations with different cell types, including aged human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, and cardiac myofibroblasts, by introducing a methodology which utilizes three printheads of the bioprinter to model aged myocardium. Then, using cell‐specific proteins, the cell types that comprised each region are confirmed using immunofluorescence. Next, the beating characteristics are analyzed. Finally, the engineered aged post‐MI tissue model is used as a benchtop platform to assess the therapeutic effects of stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles on the scar region.ResultsAs a result, high viability (>74%) was observed in each region of the printed model. Constructs demonstrated functional behavior, exhibiting a beating velocity of 6.7 μm/s and a frequency of 0.3 Hz. Finally, the effectiveness of hiPSC‐EV and MSC‐EV treatment was assessed. While hiPSC‐EV treatment showed no significant changes, MSC‐EV treatment notably increased cardiomyocyte beating velocity, frequency, and confluency, suggesting a regenerative potential.ConclusionIn conclusion, we envision that our approach of modeling post‐MI aged myocardium utilizing three printheads of the bioprinter may be utilized for various applications in aged cardiac microenvironment modeling and testing novel therapeutics.
The impact of antibiotic resistance on the rampant spread of infectious diseases in Pakistan: Insights from a narrative review
Authors: Mirha Hania‐Tul , Ali Syed H. , Aamar Humna , Sadiq Mahnoor , Tharwani Zoaib H. , Habib Zehra , Malikzai Abdullah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAntibiotic resistance (ABR) is a global public health emergency which has seen an uptick in low‐ to middle‐income countries in recent times due to a plethora of aggravating factors and has led to a whole host of setting‐specific pathogens registering high rates of resistance, causing outbreaks with graver mortality and morbidity. This review analyzes available literature to determine the causes and effects of ABR and recommend solutions to the problem in a Pakistani setting.MethodsSources for this narrative review were identified via electronic databases using keyword search methods. The information was retrieved using databases such as PubMed and Science Direct. Additionally, websites such as CDC and World Health Organization were used to attain pertinent information. All the sources were selected as per their relevance and appropriateness toward the purpose of this review.ResultsThis review details the causes by dividing them into three primary strata, namely (1) under‐regulation, (2) over‐prescription and self‐medication, and (3) lack of medical stewardship. This is made much graver when the COVID‐19 pandemic and the subsequent erratic treatment response is considered, with the pandemic augmenting already high levels of consumption. These factors have led a cascade of effects including, but not limited to, a considerable increase in ABR in pathogens to first‐line drugsConclusionABR is a serious and growing issue which will result in undesirable personal, local, and national consequences if unchecked. Mitigation and reversal of this trend is necessary by developing existing programs and investing in novel therapies and pharmaceutical research and strengthening regulatory policies and mechanisms.
The role of social support and self‐management on glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus with complications in Ghana: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Adu Frank Amankwah , Poku Collins Atta , Adu Amanda Parko , Owusu Lydia Boampong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDiabetes mellitus (DM) can result in detrimental complications which are connected with long‐term impairments and disabilities. Chronic complications are well‐known consequences of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progression, which reduce patient quality of life, place a burden on the healthcare system, and increase mortality. Measures to promote health outcomes for people with DM are scanty; the study therefore aimed at determining the effects of self‐management and social support on glycemic control of T2DM with complications in Ghana.MethodsA cross‐sectional design using convenience sampling was conducted on 400 T2DM patients using Hensarling's Diabetes Family Support Scale and Summary of Diabetes Self‑Care Activities scale. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive, Pearson Moment Product Correlation and Binary Logistic Regression on self‐management, social support, and glycemic control in T2DM patients.ResultsSocial support among participants was high and there was a positive correlation or relationship between social support and T2DM self‐management. There was a correlation between social support and self‐management (r = 0.149, p < 0.05) and diet control (r = 0.221, p < 0.05). The results also showed a significant correlation between medication adherence and glycemic management (r = 0.116, p < 0.05) while female T2DM participants, individuals with at least primary education were less likely to have low self‐management relative to T2DM.ConclusionThough the level of T2DM self‐management was high it does not translate to good glycemic control. Focused health education programs should be incorporated into patients' care plans which will be particularly relevant for patients with T2DM and will contribute to positive physiological and psychological outcomes. Furthermore, a more robust monitoring and follow‐up scheme should be scaled up or instituted for patients with T2DM.