bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictor for Histological Microvascular Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Lesson from 229 Consecutive Cases of Curative Liver Resection
Authors: Eguchi Susumu , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Hidaka Masaaki , Soyama Akihiko , Tomonaga Tetsuo , Muraoka Izumi , Kanematsu Takashi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundMicroscopic vascular invasion is an important risk factor for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even after curative liver resection or orthotopic liver transplantation. To predict microscopic portal venous invasion, the following two questions were examined retrospectively: Is it possible to detect microvascular invasion preoperatively? What are the characteristics of a group of early HCC recurrences even with no microvascular invasion?MethodsStudy 1 included 229 patients with HCC who underwent curative liver resection between 1991 and 2008; 127 had HCC without microscopic portal venous invasion, and 52 had HCC with microscopic portal venous invasion (MPVI). These two distinct groups were analyzed with regard to various clinicopathologic factors. Subsequently, we specifically investigated if HCCs <5 cm with vascular invasion (n = 32) have some characteristics that would allow detection of latent microvascular invasion. Study 2 included 127 HCC patients without MVPI; 42 had a recurrence within 2 years, and 85 patients were recurrence‐free for at least 2 years. These two distinct groups were analyzed with regard to various clinicopathologic factors.ResultsHCC diameter of >5 cm, the macroscopic appearance of HCC, and high levels of preoperative des‐γ‐carboxyprothrombin are significant prognostic factors in identifying microvascular invasion of HCC. The strongest predictor of early recurrence (within 2 years) was the serum α‐fetoprotein level in patients without clear microvascular invasion.ConclusionsTumor size, macroscopic appearance, and high tumor marker levels are important elements in identifying the group of patients with a low HCC recurrence rate after curative liver resection.
Trauma Evaluation of Patients with Chest Injury in the 2008 Earthquake of Wenchuan, Sechuan, China
Authors: Hu Yang , Tang Yun , Yuan Yong , Xie Tian‐Peng , Zhao Yong‐Fan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was twofold: to summarize the characteristics of trauma patients with thoracic injury in the 2008 earthquake of Wenchuan, Sichuan, China, and to validate the accuracy of the Injury Severity Score (ISS), the New Injury Severity Score (NISS), and the Chest Injury Index (CII) in prediction of respiratory failure.MethodsA group of 1,823 patients injured in the earthquake of Wenchuan were transferred to West China Hospital, Sichuan University, between May 12 and May 27, 2008. Of these 1,823 patients, 184 (10.1%) had suffered chest injury. They were enrolled in this cohort study. The risk factors of respiratory failure were analyzed with unconditional Logistic Regression. The predictive accuracies of ISS, NISS, and CII were compared with Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsOf the group of patients with chest injuries, 156 (84.78%) had suffered injury to more than one organ, and 38 developed respiratory failure, for an incidence of 20.65%. The duration of mechanical ventilation ranged from 3 to 72 days (mean: 18.82 ± 15.94 days). The occurrence of flail chest, pulmonary contusion, and crush syndrome was shown to be the risk factor for respiratory failure. There are statistical differences in area under the ROC curve between NISS and the other two trauma scores in prediction of respiratory failure. The best cut‐off point of NISS is 24, with a sensitivity of 94.74% and specificity of 79.45%.ConclusionsChest injury in earthquake is often accompanied with multiple injuries. The incidence of respiratory failure is high. The NISS can accurately predict the development of respiratory failure in chest injury patients. We recommend that NISS should be considered as a useful tool for trauma evaluation.
Grounded Theory in Genetic Counseling Research: An Interpretive Perspective
Authors: Grubs Robin E. , Piantanida Maria 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAs qualitative inquiry has gained wider acceptance in genetic counseling research, it has become increasingly important for researchers and those who evaluate their work to recognize the diversity of methods that fall under this broad umbrella. Some of these methods adhere to the traditional conventions of scientific research (e.g., objectivity, reliability, validity, replicability, causality and generalizability). When such studies are evaluated by reviewers who are well versed in scientific methods, the rigor of the study may be readily apparent. However, when researchers are using methods that do not conform to traditional scientific conventions, the distinction between well conducted and poorly conducted studies may become more difficult to discern. This article focuses on grounded theory because it is a widely used qualitative method. We highlight key components of this method in order to contrast conventions that fall within a scientific paradigm to those that fall within an interpretivist paradigm. The intent is to illustrate how the conventions within these two different paradigms yield different types of knowledge claims—both of which can advance genetic counseling theory and practice.
Detection of Corn Oil in Adulterated Sesame Oil by Chromatography and Carbon Isotope Analysis
Authors: Seo Hye‐Young , Ha Jaeho , Shin Dong‐Bin , Shim Sung‐Lye , No Ki‐Mi , Kim Kyong‐Su , Lee Kang‐Bong , Han Sang‐Bae 
Published: February 2010

AbstractsThis study was performed to the development of methods for the identification and detection of corn oil in adulterated sesame oil. The fatty acids composition and carbon isotope ratio of authentic sesame oil and adulterated sesame oil with corn oil were studied by using GC‐FID and IRMS. The content of palmitic (P), linoleic (L), and linolenic (Ln) acids increased gradually as the mixed rate of corn oil was increased, whereas the content of stearic (S) and oleic (O) acids decreased. On increasing the mixing ratio of corn oil, the stearic acid contents and the (L × L)/O ratio showed significant differences between authentic and adulterated sesame oils (p < 0.05). The δ13C‰ value for authentic sesame oil and corn oil fell into the range of −27.68 to −29.26‰ and −16.51 to −17.27‰. The adulterant had more carbon‐13 compared with those of authentic sesame oil and the δ13C‰ value was increased linearly (r2 = 0.996). Therefore, the combination of the stearic acid% (<4.8%), (L × L)/O ratio (>56.1) and the carbon isotope ratio (> −27.0‰) turned out to be a good tool for detecting the adulteration of sesame oil with the cheaper corn oil, up to the 10% level.
Vitrification of canine cumulus–oocyte complexes in DAP213 with a cryotop holder
Authors: Abe Yasuyuki , Asano Tomoyoshi , Ali Mohammed , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurposeThe effects of the cryoprotectant and the container (holder) used for the vitrification of canine germinal vesicle stage oocytes were examined to improve the cryopreservation method for canine oocytes and embryos.MethodsCanine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from ovaries, and were vitrified with E30S (30% ethylene glycol and 0.5 M sucrose) or DAP213 (2 M dimethyl sulfoxide, 1 M acetamide, and 3 M propylene glycol) solution held by a cryotube or cryotop sheets. After warming, the oocytes were stained with propidium iodide for the assessment of their plasma membrane integrity.ResultsIn all the vitrification groups, more than 65% of the vitrified oocytes displayed a normal morphology (E30S‐top, 65.6%; DAP‐tube, 67.3%; DAP‐top, 80.0%). However, when assessed by propidium iodide staining, the viability of oocytes in the DAP‐top group (43.6%) was higher than that in the E30S‐top group (21.3%, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the viability of the oocytes in the DAP‐top group (43.6%) was higher than that in the DAP‐tube group (4.1%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results suggest that a combination of DAP213 as the cryoprotectant and a cryotop sheet as the holder improved viability after the vitrification of canine oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage.
An examination of genetic diversity and effective population size in Atlantic salmon populations
Authors: NIKOLIC NATACHA , BUTLER JAMES R. A. , BAGLINIÈRE JEAN-LUC , LAUGHTON ROBERT , McMYN IAIN A. G. , CHEVALET CLAUDE 
Published: February 2010

SummaryEffective population size (Ne) is an important parameter in the conservation of genetic diversity. Comparative studies of empirical data that gauge the relative accuracy ofNemethods are limited, and a better understanding of the limitations and potential ofNeestimators is needed. This paper investigates genetic diversity andNein four populations of wild anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) in Europe, from the Rivers Oir and Scorff (France) and Spey and Shin (Scotland). We aimed to understand present diversity and historical processes influencing current population structure. Our results showed high genetic diversity for all populations studied, despite their wide range of current effective sizes. To improve understanding of high genetic diversity observed in the populations with low effective size, we developed a model predicting present diversity as a function of past demographic history. This suggested that high genetic diversity could be explained by a bottleneck occurring within recent centuries rather than by gene flow. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficiency of coalescence models to estimateNe. Using nine subsets from 37 microsatellite DNA markers from the four salmon populations, we compared three coalescence estimators based on single and dual samples. ComparingNeestimates confirmed the efficiency of increasing the number and variability of microsatellite markers. This efficiency was more accentuated for the smaller populations. Analysis with low numbers of neutral markers revealed uneven distributions of allelic frequencies and overestimated short-termNe. In addition, we found evidence of artificial stock enhancement using native and non-native origin. We propose estimates ofNefor the four populations, and their applications for salmon conservation and management are discussed.
Temporal variation ofMeiogymnophallus minutusinfections in the first and second intermediate host
Authors: Fermer J. , Culloty S.C. , Kelly T.C. , O'Riordan R.M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn order to study seasonal patterns ofMeiogymnophallus minutusinfections in its intermediate hosts, bivalve samples were collected monthly between April 2008 and March 2009 from a high intertidal flat at Courtmacsherry Bay, Ireland. Infection rates in the first intermediate hostScrobicularia planadid not fluctuate significantly with season. Completely developedM. minutuscercariae appeared in daughter sporocysts from June and prevailed from July to October, indicating that transmission ofM. minutusfrom its first to its second intermediate host is confined to this period of the year. All analysed individuals of the second intermediate hostCerastoderma edulewere found to be infected with metacercariae. Infection levels significantly increased in September, suggesting recent cercarial invasions. Throughout the year, the majority of metacercariae were hyperinfected by the pathogenic microsporidianUnikaryon legeri. Spreading of hyperinfections was confined to spring and summer. Newly settled metacercariae were not affected by hyperparasitism and presumably retained their infectivity for half a year. Our findings suggest that the spreading of hyperinfections is correlated with higher water temperatures and that the entire metacercarial population has to rebuild every year as a consequence of hyperparasite-induced mortality.
Electroglottogram approximate entropy: a novel single parameter for objective voice assessment
Authors: Douglas C M , Moore C , Manickam K , Lee L , Sykes A , Carr A , Jones S , Jones J , Swindell R , Homer J J , Slevin N 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground:The electroglottogram approximate entropy value is a numerical variable which gives an overall measure of voice quality. It is derived by analysing the complexity of the electroglottogram waveform using regulatory statistics.Aims:(1) To use electroglottogram approximate entropy to measure voice quality in patients with glottic pathology and in normal subjects, to ascertain whether this parameter can distinguish between pathological and normal voices. (2) To ascertain whether electroglottogram approximate entropy can measure voice change over time within individual subjects. (3) To determine any correlation between electroglottogram approximate entropy and the grade–roughness–breathiness–asthenia–strain scale.Methods:One hundred and forty-one normal volunteers were recruited to characterise electroglottogram approximate entropy in the normal voice. One hundred and eighty-six patients with glottic squamous cell carcinoma underwent electroglottogram approximate entropy measurement prior to radiotherapy and then three to six months and one year after treatment. Subjects’ voices were categorised by a speech therapist using the grade–roughness–breathiness–asthenia–strain scale.Results:The mean electroglottogram approximate entropy of the normal volunteers was 0.302 (range 0.05–0.42). The mean electroglottogram approximate entropy of the glottic squamous cell carcinoma patients was significantly lower prior to treatment, at 0.227 (range 0.001–0.397;p < 0.0005), but improved after radiotherapy to 0.277 at three to six months and 0.282 at one year. Electroglottogram approximate entropy results correlated significantly with grade–roughness–breathiness–asthenia–strain scale results.Conclusion:Electroglottogram approximate entropy can be used to assess change in voice quality resulting from glottic morphological abnormality. Electroglottogram approximate entropy values improve as voice quality improves after treatment. Electroglottogram approximate entropy values correlate significantly with grade–roughness–breathiness–asthenia–strain scale results.
Prospective, comparative, cohort study comparing the rhinogram, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 and Heath-Related Quality of Life questionnaire
Authors: Patel P M , Maskell S , Heywood R , Eze N , Hern J 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground:Many outcome measures exist for rhinosinusitis. However, few are used in the clinical setting due to their long completion times.Objective:To assess the validity, reliability and responsiveness of the rhinogram, compared with two validated rhinosinusitis outcome measures: the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 and the Heath-Related Quality of Life questionnaire.Methods:Fifty-one patients were entered into a prospective, comparative, cohort study using all three outcome measures one week pre-operatively and three months post-operatively. Outcome scores were then correlated using non-parametric Spearman's rank correlation and chi-square testing for the diagnostic criteria of all three outcome measures.Results:Statistically significant correlations were found between all three outcome measures for all symptom scores, individually as well as combined (p < 0.01 for all calculations). Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of the rhinogram, compared with the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 and the Heath-Related Quality of Life questionnaire, showed statistical significance (p < 0.05; chi-square test).Conclusion:The rhinogram is a reliable, valid and responsive rhinosinusitis outcome measure which can assist patient diagnosis and management in the clinical setting. Due to its quick completion time, this outcome measure could be used in rhinology out-patient clinics.
Identifying high-risk areas of schistosomiasis and associated risk factors in the Poyang Lake region, China
Authors: PENG W. X. , TAO B. , CLEMENTS A. , JIANG Q. L. , ZHANG Z. J. , ZHOU Y. B. , JIANG Q. W. 
Published: February 2010

SUMMARYThe epidemiology of schistosomiasis japonicum over small areas remains poorly understood, and this is particularly true in China. We aimed to identify high-risk areas for schistosomiasis and associated risk factors in the Poyang Lake region, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 60 of 920 persons (6·5%) were found to be infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Locations of households and snail habitats were determined using a hand-held global positioning system. We mapped the data in a geographical information system and used spatial scan statistics to explore clustering of infection, logistic regression and Bayesian geostatistical models to identify risk factors for each individual's infection status and multinomial logistic regression to identify risk factors for living in a cluster area. The risk of schistosomiasis was spatially clustered and higher in fishermen and males, not in persons who lived in close proximity to snail habitats and infected water sources. This study has demonstrated significant spatial variation in the prevalence of schistosomiasis at a small spatial scale. The results suggest that demographic factors (gender, occupation) rather than the distance to infected water are driving human transmission at small-scale spatial levels. Such information can be used to plan locally targeted interventions based on anthelminthic drug administration, snail control and sanitation improvement.
Villa-Lobos ‘ben trovato’
Authors: Peppercorn Lisa M. 
Published: February 2010

Heitor Villa-Lobos's musical output is very comprehensive. Nevertheless, he thought it useful or necessary, at some later stage, to incorporate certain pieces – in their original form or in transcription – into other compositions, apparently for lack of time to write a completely new work, or sheer laziness. Or, he found delight in teasing his listeners, friends and admirers, unless they discovered his hoax. The Brazilian composer-conductor Walter Burle-Marx (b. 1902), in a letter to me of 31 May 1981 from Caracas, Venezuela (and reproduced here by his kind permission), commented on this characteristic of Villa-LobosA typical example of Villa-Lobos's temperament and way of thinking concerns the Bachianas Brasileiras # 5.1 did the U.S premiere in New York at the World's Fair on May 4th, 1939 with the New York Philharmonic and Bidú Sayão, using the manuscript of Villa-Lobos. Later on, when I saw the manuscript again, there was a repeat sign on the first introductory measure in 5/4. I asked him why he did that and he replied that he felt that the introduction was too short. I asked why he didn't compose two different measures – he who had so much imagination – and he smiled and said: ‘To tell the truth, I felt lazy’. This was one of his faults; once a work was finished, he very rarely went back to polish it much less to change it.
Schoenberg Opus 33a Revisited
Authors: Schoffman Nachum 
Published: February 2010

Dodecaphonic theory is potent and persuasive; perhaps too persuasive. There is a promise implicit in Schoenberg's statement: ‘Composition with twelve tones has no other aim than comprehensibility’. This promise is made even more explicit by Webern:…when that kind of unity [of 12-tone rows] is the basis, even the most fragmented sounds must have a completely coherent effect, and leave hardly anything to be desired as far as ‘comprehensibility’ is concerned.
The Rake's Progress: Some thoughts on the Libretto
Authors: Josipovici Gabriel 
Published: February 2010

No two works of Stravinsky are alike, but The Rake's Progress is more different than most.As we look back over that amazing list of masterpieces, what strikes us now is the unity of the entire canon. From Le Sacre du Printemps to Abraham and Isaac half a century later the ‘feel’ of a Stravinsky work is unmistakable: that combination of a hieratic, ritualistic style with a wonderfully lively and witty texture. (The only comparable achievement is the work of the late Yeats.) This is particularly evident in the stage works. ‘Les Noces’, Stravinsky said, ‘presents rather than tells’. Here, as in Oedipus, the music and the stage action show a ritual unfolding, much as a priest might show an icon to the crowd, in André Boucourechlev's apt analogy. These works eschew expressivity, psychology and mimesis; they do not say ‘I am’ or ‘I wish’, but ‘It is’ and ‘It shall be’.
‘Le Paradis Perdu’: in its time
Authors: Moreux Serge 
Published: February 2010

In Paris, between 15 October 1935 and 1 July 1936 there were:246 symphony concerts with full orchestra,30 with small orchestra (which is incredibly few),57 with chorus,115 chamber music concerts, not counting either sonata evenings or recitals by various instrumental soloists or groups, which make something like 700 performances to add to the above. Altogether, then, if I am to believe the Guide du Concert (from which I have taken these figures, adding a few concerts that were missed there), 1,144 occasions to exercise the reprehensible and avowedly useless profession of music criticism.
The Role of Tonality in contemporary and ‘up-to-date’ composition
Authors: Kupkovic Ladislav 
Published: February 2010

I Consider the phrase ‘New Simplicity’ not quite correct, insofar as one is led to assume that present-day music is evolving from an older, more complicated state to a newer, more simple one. Two things are wrong here:1. present-day music is not evolving from the complex to the simple, but from the atonal to the tonal.2. atonal does not mean complicated, and tonal does not mean simple.
Tanglewood After Ten Years
Authors: Hawkes Ralph 
Published: February 2010

After many visits to Tanglewood during the years 1940 to 1949 one is finally driven to pose the question as to how far this great summer musical event may really be called a Festival.I do not think that any extravagant claims have in fact been made for its being “a Festival,” and over the years that magnificent character in music, Dr. Serge Koussevitzky, has been at pains always to emphasize the “student” or “school” aspect of the undertaking of which he is, so to speak, the Alpha and Omega. One cannot begin to discuss Tanglewood without paying the deepest possible tribute to the very real work, effort and love that Dr. Koussevitzky has devoted to this, his child, for the benefit of musical America, young and old. There is no similar event anywhere else in the world—but then, one might say that there is no similar character anywhere else in the world who could in fact have engendered it. Yet after ten years one begins to feel that either the students have outgrown Tanglewood or that Tanglewood has out grown the students. In the opinion of this writer the latter is definitely the case.
Ernest Newman (1868–1959)
Authors: Cooke Deryck 
Published: February 2010

Ernest Newman devoted so much of his life to writing about Wagner that many people, the times being anti-Wagnerian, regarded him as a brilliant musical scholar who had unfortunately become limited by a fixed obsession. In his earlier days, he produced important studies of Gluck, Beethoven, Liszt, Strauss, and Wolf; but in later life he seemed to be interested only in one composer. Concerning his articles in The Sunday Times, someone concocted an amusing clerihew:Next week, said Ernest Newman,I shall write about Schumann;But when next week came,It was Wagner, just the same.