bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periprocedural Management of Patients with Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: Zaidat Osama O. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT Clinical outcome in endovascular therapy of intracranial atherosclerosis with stenting and angioplasty or angioplasty alone is dependent on multiple other factors beside the procedure itself. Preprocedure combined antiplatelet administration of aspirin and clopidogrel and its duration is critical. Preferably, this should be administered 5‐7 days prior to the intended procedure and 90 days after the stent placement is preferred. Anticoagulation during the procedure is implemented routinely in the neurointerventional labs during intracranial intervention, with a goal of activated clotting time between 250 to 300 seconds. The preferred agent is unfractionated heparin as an intravenous bolus of 70‐80 units/kg, without postprocedure reversal in most cases. Control of blood pressure intraprocedure and in the neurointensive care unit to avoid intracranial hemorrhage and hyperperfusion injury is of paramount significance. The preferred blood pressure is not well known, but lowering the blood pressure below the baseline after luminal gain with stenting would be recommended to prevent secondary injury. The use of general anesthesia versus local and monitored awake anesthesia is controversial and there are no data to support one method over another in cases of intracranial atherosclerosis interventional and endovascular therapy. If the patient is cooperative and would be able to tolerate the procedure under awake anesthesia, the latter would provide an immediate assessment of the neurological outcome and feedback from the patient. However, general anesthesia would provide the interventionalist with less movement artifact and less road mapping need and immediate and accurate assessment of the location of the microwire, catheter, and stent.
Research Priorities for Intracranial Atherosclerotic Diseases
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Taylor Robert A. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT The current review summarizes the characteristics of existing experimental models for intracranial atherosclerosis in rabbits, pigs, and dogs with potential implications for research. New methodologies for understanding plaque morphology, and plaque quantitation and its prognostic implications are important for risk stratification in regards to ischemic events and lesion progression. A potential treatment strategy for intracranial atherosclerotic disease may be aimed at medical therapies that induce plaque regression. The treatment with statins to stabilize and/or promote plaque regression of intracranial atherosclerotic lesions is largely inferred from data in the coronary literature. In patients with multisegmented intracranial atherosclerotic diseases with no other therapeutic option, angiogenic growth factors may represent a new venue.
Overview of AEGIS
Authors: KIMMEL TROY S. 
Published: October 2009

ForewordUnlike most editions of the Naval Engineers Journal, this special edition is intended for those both within and outside of the naval profession. To those not versed in the terminology, diving into any one of these articles without an orientation could be overwhelming. This article provides some of the terms, concepts, and key events in the AEGIS Project, as well as a brief review of the events that led to the initiation of AEGIS. Other articles within the journal will provide greater detail on specific subjects, authored in most cases by people who led parts of the project in either the US Navy or industry. It is the most complete telling of the AEGIS story published to date.
The pro‐form of BMP‐2 interferes with BMP‐2 signalling by competing with BMP‐2 for IA receptor binding
Authors: Hauburger Anja , von Einem Sabrina , Schwaerzer Gerburg K. , Buttstedt Anja , Zebisch Matthias , Schräml Michael , Hortschansky Peter , Knaus Petra , Schwarz Elisabeth 
Published: October 2009

Pro‐forms of growth factors have received increasing attention since it was shown that they can affect both the maturation and functions of mature growth factors. Here, we assessed the biological function of the pro‐form of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)/ΒΜP superfamily. The role of the 263 amino acids of the pro‐peptide is currently unclear. In order to obtain an insight into the function of the pro‐form (proBMP‐2), the ability of proBMP‐2 to induce alkaline phosphatase (AP), a marker enzyme for cells differentiating into osteoblasts, was tested. Interestingly, in contrast to mature BMP‐2, proBMP‐2 did not lead to induction of AP. Instead, proBMP‐2 inhibited the induction of AP by BMP‐2. This result raised the question of whether proBMP‐2 may compete with mature BMP‐2 for receptor binding. ProBMP‐2 was found to bind to the purified extracellular ligand binding domain (ECD) of BMPR‐IA, a high‐affinity receptor for mature BMP‐2, with a similar affinity as mature BMP‐2. Binding of proBMP‐2 to BMPR‐IA was confirmed in cell culture by cross‐linking proBMP‐2 to BMPR‐IA presented on the cell surface. In contrast to this finding, proBMP‐2 did not bind to the ECD of BMPR‐II. ProBMP‐2 also differed from BMP‐2 in its capacity to induce p38 and Smad phosphorylation. The data presented here suggest that the pro‐domain of BMP‐2 can alter the signalling properties of the growth factor by modulating the ability of the mature part to interact with the receptors.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7261817:BMPR‐IA (uniprotkb:P36894) and proBMP2 (uniprotkb:P12643) physically interact (MI:0915) by cross‐linking studies (MI:0030)
MINT‐7261681, MINT‐7261693: BMP2 (uniprotkb:P12643) binds (MI:0407) to BMPR‐IA (uniprotkb:P36894) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (MI:0411)
MINT‐7261751, MINT‐7261794: proBMP2 (uniprotkb:P12643) binds (MI:0407) to BMPR‐IA (uniprotkb:P36894) by competition binding (MI:0405)
MINT‐7261806, MINT‐7261846: BMPR‐IA (uniprotkb:P36894) physically interacts (MI:0915) with BMP2 (uniprotkb:P12643) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
MINT‐7261628, MINT‐7261642: noggin (uniprotkb:Q13253) binds (MI:0407) to proBMP2 (uniprotkb:P12643) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)
MINT‐7261597, MINT‐7261613: BMPR‐IA (uniprotkb:P36894) binds (MI:0407) to BMP2 (uniprotkb:P12643) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)
Effects of Losartan, HO-1 Inducers or HO-1 Inhibitors on Erectile Signaling in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Abdel Aziz Mohamed Talaat , El Asmer Mohamed Farid , Mostafa Taymour , Atta Hazem , Mahfouz Soheir , Fouad Hanan , Rashed Laila , Sabry Dina , Hassouna Amira , Abdel Aziz Ahmed Talaat , Senbel Amira , Demery Ahmed 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system which is common in diabetes mellitus might affect heme oxygenase (HO-1) gene expression.

Aim
Assessment of the effects of administration of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonist (losartan) with HO-1 inducer or inhibitor on erectile signaling in diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods
Seventy male rats were divided equally into seven groups; healthy controls, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, rats on citrate buffer, diabetic rats on losartan, diabetic rats on HO-1 inducer (cobalt protoporphyrin [CoPP]), diabetic rats on losartan and CoPP, and diabetic rats on losartan and HO-1 inhibitor (stannus mesoporphyrin [SnMP]).

Main Outcome Measure
HO enzyme activity, HO-1 gene expression, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) assay, intracavernosal pressure (ICP), and cavernous tissue sinusoids surface area.

Results
HO-1 gene expression, HO enzymatic activity, and cGMP were significantly decreased in the cavernous tissue of diabetic rats. These parameters were significantly elevated with the use of CoPP that restored the normal control levels of HO enzyme activity. Administration of losartan exhibited a significant enhancing effect on these parameters compared with the diabetic group, but not restored to the control levels, whereas administration of CoPP combined with losartan led to the restoration of their normal levels. ICP demonstrated significant decline in diabetic rats. The use of CoPP and/or losartan led to its significant improvement compared with diabetic rats. Administration of either losartan and/or CoPP led to a significant increase in the cavernous sinusoids surface area of diabetic rats. Administration of losartan with SnMP significantly decreased the enhancing effect of losartan on the studied parameters.

Conclusion
The decline in erectile function in diabetes mellitus could be attributed to the downregulation of HO-1 gene expression. HO-1 induction added to Ang II receptor antagonist could improve erectile function.
Oct‐1 is responsible for the C‐33T polymorphism effect in the IL‐4 promoter
Authors: Gervaziev Y. V. , Olenina L. V. , Krasotkina J. V. , Lupatov A. Y. , Mazurina S. A. , Gervazieva V. B. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryIL‐4 is a pleiotropic immunoregulatory cytokine secreted by Th2 subset of CD4+  Th cells. Several transcription factors (TFs) have been determined with various degrees of certainty to bind the IL‐4 promoter and to regulate its expression in human. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for phenotypic effects of the C‐33T IL‐4 promoter polymorphism, we performed a search of TFs binding to this promoter locus and discriminating the −33C and −33T alleles. In silico searches suggest few factors bind this region. Using an electromobility shift assay we found that Jurkat T cells contained proteins which specifically interacted with oligonucleotide probes, corresponding to the −33 region. Considerable binding differences between C and T alleles were demonstrated using competitive conditions, the proteins bound predominantly with −33C allele. We found that the transcription factor Oct‐1 produced the major shifted complex. The binding of Oct‐1 was not improved using activated nuclear extracts; however, we observed increases in other shifted complexes upon cell activation. We suppose that Oct‐1 occupancy may compete for binding of activator proteins to closely or overlapped binding sites. Our findings suggest that the interplay between Oct‐1 and unknown TFs may be responsible for the C‐33T polymorphism effects.
A novel Y331X nonsense mutation in TNFRSF1A gene in two unrelated Turkish families with periodic fever syndrome
Authors: Kutukculer N. , Gulez N. , Karaca N. , Aksu G. , Berdeli A. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe autoinflammatory disorders differ in severity, as well as age of onset, duration, and manifestations, but they all share some common features: recurring fever peaks, inflammation of serosal membranes, musculoskeletal involvement, varying types of skin rash, amyloidosis as a sequel of the disease. TRAPS is very rare in Turkish population and we present two unrelated Turkish children with similar clinical phenotypes and laboratory findings related with autoinflammatory disorders and with novel p. Y331X mutation in TNFRSF1A gene. Both of the patients were male and they had recurrent fever without abdominal pain and arthralgia. Full cDNA and exon–intron binding regions of TNFRSF1A, MEFV, MVK, CIAS1 genes were analysed by direct DNA sequencing methods in order to differentiate TRAPS, FMF, HIDS, CINCA/MWS/FCAS respectively. We screened ten exons of TNFRSF1A gene, and detected a heterozygous c.1080C>G nucleotide substitution in exon 10 in both of the unrelated patients, resulting p.Y360X nonsense (protein truncated) mutation. According to classical TNFRSF1A gene nomenclature and the agreement of 30th amino acid as the first one, it is accepted as p.Y331X. It was interesting to determine same mutations in fathers of two patients. In one of the cases, E148Q heterozygous mutation, which is one of the disease‐causing mutations of MEFV gene, was detected. No nucleotide substitution was identified in exon and exon–intron splicing regions encoding 396 amino acid of MVK gene in both of the patients. In CIAS1 gene, two different nucleotide substitutions resulting synonymous amino acid mutation were detected in exon 3: c.[732G>A] and c.[786A>G] nucleotide substitutions and compatible p.A242A (according to c.DNA p.A244A) and p.R260R (according to c.DNA p.R262R) synonymous amino acid mutations. These nucleotide substitutions were also detected in parents and were reported to be normal variations in Turkish population. In conclusion, in Turkish patients, with dominantly inherited recurrent fever, TRAPS is a diagnosis worthy of attention and novel mutations have to be reported with phenotype associations.
OPTIMIZATION OF ACTIVATION CONDITIONS OF LOCALLY AVAILABLE CLAYS FOR COTTONSEED OIL BLEACHING: CHARACTERIZATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
Authors: CAGLAYAN MUSTAFA OGUZHAN , OTMAN BURCU 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTCottonseed oil is consumed either in raw state or after refining, which enables it to acquire the characteristics such as neutral taste and odor, limpidity, light color, oxidation stability to oxidation, and for it to be used for frying. Refining comprises several strategies including bleaching, which involves the fixation of beta‐carotene, the pigment that is responsible for the red color of cottonseed oils, on a solid support generally known as bleaching earth. In this work, possible application of locally available clay (Ordu, Turkey) as bleaching earth was investigated for cottonseed oil refining. Raw clay was activated via various treatment methods including acid activation, cation treatment and thermal treatment. Structural changes caused by acid activation were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, N2 adsorption (BET surface area), X‐ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Bleaching capacities of the treated clays were also determined spectrophotometrically. Bleaching efficiency was increased from 3 (raw clay) to 23% by H2SO4 activation and to 34% by Al3+ and heat treatment. However, commercial clay's efficiency was 32%. Tetrahedral destruction with proton attack was higher in HCl solution than H2SO4 solution, resulting in collapse in micropores. Bleaching efficiency increment using H2SO4 was higher than that of HCl.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIt is important to reduce color in oils of low quality by cheap and appropriate adsorbent instead of expensive commercial earths. Activationconditions differ from one clay to another. In this study, several activation methods were applied and possible mechanisms relating to bleaching efficiency improvement were also investigated.
FATTY SOILS REMOVAL FROM HARD SURFACES IN A CLEAN‐IN‐PLACE SYSTEM
Authors: JURADO ALAMEDA ENCARNACIÓN , BRAVO RODRIGUEZ VICENTE , BAILÓN MORENO RAFAEL , NÚÑEZ OLEA JOSEFA , VAZ DEISI ALTMAJER 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT The kinetics of fatty soil removal from glass surfaces using nonionic biodegradable surfactants has been investigated. For this, mathematical models have been developed, which take into account the equilibrium established between the processes of soil removal from the substrate surface and their subsequent redeposition. The washing tests have been conducted in a continuous‐flow device that simulates the conditions found in the clean‐in‐place system used in the food industry. A mixture of fatty acids (oleic, palmitic and stearic) frequently found in foods, and particularly difficult to remove, was used as the soiling agent. The experimental results show the effect of the different variables assayed (temperature, soiling‐agent concentration and surfactant concentration) on the washing process. The good agreement between the experimental detergency values and those predicted by the kinetic model indicate that this is adequate to explain the detersive process on hard surfaces. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIn food industry, production lines are cleaned in place every day to provide the microbial quality and safety of the products. Moreover, the effectiveness of the cleaning process depends on many factors: temperature, detergent concentrations, hydrodynamic forces, characteristics of substrate, etc. In this work, we have studied the kinetics of the washing process using alkylpolyglucosides and fatty alcohol ethoxylates, both commercial surfactants. The tests were performed in a laboratory device that simulates the clean‐in‐place processes widely used in food industries. A mixture of fatty acids commonly found in foods was used as the soiling agent. A kinetic model assuming a process combining removal and deposition during the cleaning was developed. This model, which satisfactorily predicts the detergency data obtained under different experimental conditions, could be of great practical utility since it can help develop more effective detergent formulations.
PATHOGEN DETECTION IN FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORIES: AN ANALYSIS OF QUALITATIVE PROFICIENCY TEST DATA, 1999–2007
Authors: EDSON DANIEL C. , EMPSON SUE , MASSEY LAURA D. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess laboratories' ability to detect or rule out the presence of four common food pathogens: Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp. To do this, qualitative proficiency test data provided by one proficiency test provider from 1999 to 2007 were examined. The annual and cumulative 9‐year percentages of false‐negative and false‐positive responses were calculated. The cumulative 9‐year false‐negative rates were 7.8% for E. coli O157:H7, 5.9% for Salmonella spp., 7.2% for L. monocytogenes and 13.6% for Campylobacter spp. Atypical strains and low concentrations of bacteria were more likely to be missed, and the data showed no trend of improving performance over time. Percentages of false‐positive results were below 5.0% for all four pathogens.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results imply that food testing laboratories often fail to detect the presence of these four food pathogens in real food specimens. To improve pathogen detection, supervisors should ensure that testing personnel are adequately trained, that recommended procedures are followed correctly, that samples are properly prepared, that proper conditions (temperature, atmosphere and incubation time) are maintained for good bacterial growth and that recommended quality control procedures are followed. Supervisors should also always investigate reasons for unsatisfactory proficiency test results and take corrective action. Finally, more research is needed into testing practices and proficiency test performance in food testing laboratories.
MODELING THE INACTIVATION KINETICS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 DURING THE STORAGE UNDER REFRIGERATION OF APPLE JUICE TREATED BY PULSED ELECTRIC FIELDS
Authors: GARCÍA DIEGO , SOMOLINOS MARÍA , HASSANI MOUNIR , ÁLVAREZ IGNACIO , PAGÁN RAFAEL 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT The aim was to describe the inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 suspended in apple juice after pulsed electric fields (PEF) and a subsequent storage under refrigeration. Escherichia coli O157:H7 showed a great PEF resistance in apple juice, when survivors were evaluated immediately after PEF. However, PEF‐treated cells exhibited a great sensitivity to a subsequent holding in apple juice for 3 days. For instance, although a PEF treatment of 80 pulses at 35.0 kV/cm inactivated less than 0.5 log10 cell cycles, the maintenance of the samples up to 3 days at 4C caused an inactivation of 5.0 log10 cycles. An equation based on the Weibullian‐like distribution accurately described the kinetics of cell inactivation.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe storage time influences the pulsed electric fields (PEF) inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells suspended in apple juice. The potential of Weibullian‐like distributions to describe survival curves with deviations in their linearity has allowed us to obtain an equation that accurately describes the complete PEF survival profile of E. coli in apple juice, when survivors were evaluated immediately after PEF and also after a subsequent storage under refrigeration. These results underline the possibility of applying PEF to pasteurize acidic foods by taking into account the postprocessing effect of the acidity of the product.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF ORIGANUM SACCATUM L.
Authors: ÖZCAN MEHMET MUSA , CHALCHAT JEAN CLAUDE 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT The chemical constituents of essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation of aerial parts of Origanum saccatum L. growing wild of 39 constituents were identified accounting for 99.11% of the oil of O. saccatum. The oil of O. saccatum contained, as main components, p‐cymene (82.8%), γ‐terpinene (6.2%), p‐cymene‐8‐ol (1.5%) and carvacrol (1.2%). The essential oil of O. saccatum was characterized by its high content of p‐cymene. Preliminary experiment was carried out in vitro using the diffusion method to investigate antimicrobial activity of the O. saccatum oil. The oil exerted varying levels of antimicrobial effects on the growth of all microorganisms (except for 100 ppm which belongs to Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus aureus). The antimicrobial activity of the O. saccatum oil was established by using agar diffusion method. The results showed that antimicrobial activity increased depending on the concentration degree used. The highest sensitive bacteria had Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. As a result, inhibitory effect of oil was weak on tested bacteria compared with fungi. The extent of inhibition of tested microorganism growth was dependent on the concentrations of essential oil used.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSome investigations showed that the use of spices in place of chemicals and synthetics has become indispensable because of their antimicrobial effects and also because of the increasing risk of the side effects of chemical and synthetic preservatives on health. Also, spices and derivatives have been used since ancient times to preserve foods, make foods tastier, cure diseases and produce aromatic substances. Many species of aromatic plants belonging to the Labiatae family grow wild in the east Mediterranean basin. Dried oregano leaves are well known not only in the herb industry mainly but also for other appetizing applications, and as a source of essential oils
A CASE OF “BLOWN PACK” MEAT LINKED TO CLOSTRIDIUM ESTERTHETICUM IN IRELAND
Authors: BYRNE B. , MONAGHAN A.M. , LYNG J.G. , SHERIDAN J.J. , BOLTON D.J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine whether Clostridium estertheticum can be linked to the “blown pack” of vacuum‐packed beef and lamb. Vacuum‐packed chilled beef and lamb samples that had been spoiled by gross gas distension were obtained from two Irish meat processing plants. A sample of purged liquid from each sample was removed from the each meat pack and divided into 3 replicate samples. Both polymerase chain reaction amplification and conventional culturing methods was used to detect C. estertheticum in each purge sample. DNA sequencing was used to confirm its detection. C. estertheticum DNA was detected in beef but not detected in lamb. C. estertheticum was not isolated from the beef or lamb purge samples. This study represents the first confirmed link between C. estertheticum and the blown pack vacuum‐packed beef in Ireland.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSBlown pack spoilage of vacuum packed meat is a significant problem in the meat industry and has the potential to cause considerable economic loss to meat processors. This study found, the first evidence of Clostridium estertheticum in vacuum packed meat in Ireland. This research will contribute to a better understanding of blown pack spoilage of vacuum packed meat caused by C. estertheticum.