bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolving pattern of the monoclonal protein improves the IMWG 2/20/20 classification for patients with smoldering multiple myeloma
Authors: de Daniel Anna , Rodríguez‐Lobato Luis Gerardo , Tovar Natalia , Cibeira M. Teresa , Moreno David F. , Oliver‐Caldés Aina , Isola Ignacio , Lozano Ester , Bladé Joan , Rosiñol Laura , Fernández de Larrea Carlos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe 2/20/20 International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) score is the most employed risk score in clinical practice to evaluate the risk of progression from smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) to symptomatic multiple myeloma. However, it faces a serious limitation: The risk score is applied at diagnosis and cannot be reapplied. Since a dynamic accurate patient risk assessment for progression is necessary, we aimed to investigate whether the detection of an evolving pattern in serum M‐protein (SMP) improves the identification of high‐risk patients. Eighty‐three patients diagnosed with SMM between 2011 and 2020 were included. Patients were initially classified applying the 2/20/20 IMWG score at baseline and later reclassified depending on the presence of an SMP evolving pattern into six groups. We regrouped the patients into three final risk groups: low‐risk, intermediate‐risk, and high‐risk. The risk of progression at two years for the high‐risk group was 88% and all patients had progressed at 4 years. The performance measurements were superior for the new 2/20/20‐Evolving score independently for the detection of high‐risk patients. We show that the sequential measurement of the SMP is a noninvasive and widely available test that improves the 2/20/20 IMWG risk score.
Determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children less than five years visiting health centers in Leqa Dulacha District, East Wallaga Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: A case control study
Authors: Begna Garoma , Bikila Haile , Biru Bayise , Diriba Debelo , Tolera Chimdesa , Dessalegn Ra'el , Tafesse Temesgen , Amenu Dessalegn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn underdeveloped nations like Ethiopia, severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is one of the most pressing public health issues. Despite efforts to pinpoint the causes of SAM, the impact of parents' drug usage on their children's nutritional status remains unclear and unresolved.ObjectiveThe purpose of this research was to determine the risk factors for SAM in children under five who were attending medical facilities in the Leqa Dulacha district.Materials and MethodsA health facility‐based case‐control study was carried out from March 1 to July 30, 2022, with 256 children under the age of five. Random sampling was used to identify study participants in a methodical manner. Mothers and other child caretakers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were performed using standardized, calibrated equipment. Epi‐data version 3.1 was used to code and enter the data, and it was then exported to IBM SPSS for analysis. An analysis of multivariable binary logistic regression was conducted, and the measure of association employed was the adjusted odds ratio (AOR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsA total of 96.5% of respondents responded. SAM in children was significantly correlated with the following factors: parent alcohol consumption [AOR = 3.142; 95% CI = (1.104, 8.945)]; child illness in the previous 15 days [AOR = 4.122; 95% CI = (1.686, 10.07)]; poor dietary diversity [AOR = 3.044; 95% CI = (1.189, 7.788)]; household food insecurity [AOR = 4.024; 95% CI = (1.544, 10.490)]; and parent chewing chat [AOR = 3.484; 95% CI = (1.329, 9.134)].ConclusionsA number of factors have been linked to SAM in children, including the use of health services, the child's illness within the previous 15 days, food security, child feeding practices, and parent substance use. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the value of health education programs on child feeding habits, particularly the significance of dietary diversity, and to work together to modify the way that parents raise their children.
The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors on low PD‐L1 cervical cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Wutao , Zhang Nan , He Zhihong , Li Qing , Wang You , Lou Weihua , Di Wen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in low programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression in cervical cancer (CC) patients remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ICIs in low PD‐L1 expression CC patients.MethodsThe study is an individual patient data (IPD)‐based meta‐analysis. IPD were compiled through KMSubtraction and IPDfromKM methodologies from high‐quality randomized clinical trials and single‐arm studies which reported overall survival (OS) or progression‐free survival (PFS) stratified by PD‐L1 expression. Kaplan−Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were employed to evaluate the survival benefits of ICIs.ResultsA total of eight studies and 1110 cases were included in the analysis. Within the low PD‐L1 expression subgroup, ICI combination therapy, but not ICI monotherapy, demonstrated significant OS benefits over non‐ICI treatment (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36−1.04, p = 0.06). Concerning PFS, ICI monotherapy was associated with a negative effect compared to non‐ICI treatment (HR = 4.59, 95% CI: 2.32−9.07, p < 0.001). Notably, both OS and PFS outcomes were unfavorable for ICI monotherapy compared to both non‐ICI and ICI combination therapy in the combined positive score <1 subgroup (OS: HR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.31−5.16, p = 0.008; PFS: HR = 7.59, 95% CI: 3.53−16.31, p < 0.001).ConclusionIn patients with CC and low PD‐L1 expression, ICI monotherapy may not be considered as the optimal treatment strategy when compared to non‐ICI treatment or ICI combination therapy.RegistrationCRD42023395103.
Evapotranspiration variation of soil‐plant‐atmosphere continuum in subalpine scrubland of Qilian Mountains in China
Authors: Yu Zhijie , Jia Wenxiong , Zhang Miaomiao , Zhang Fuhua , Lan Xin , Zhang Yue , Luo Huifang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe water cycle in the soil‐plant‐atmosphere continuum is an important element of hydrological and ecological studies, and differences in the composition characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in different water bodies can indicate water cycling processes. In this study, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of precipitation, soil water and plant water samples had been collected in the subalpine scrubland of the Qilian Mountains from May to October 2019. The Craig‐Gordon model, the isotopic steady‐state (ISS) assumption, the Keeling Plot model and the two‐source mixing model were used to analyse the stable isotope compositions of different water bodies, the stable isotope characteristics of water vapour of soil evaporation and plant transpiration and the variation of evapotranspiration in the SPAC of the subalpine scrubland. The results showed that plant transpiration (FT) contributed 87.28% and 86.95% to evapotranspiration and soil evaporation (FE) contributed 12.72% and 13.05% to evapotranspiration in the growing season on semi‐sunny and semi‐shaded aspects, respectively, indicating that evapotranspiration in the subalpine scrubland mainly came from the transpiration of scrubland plants. In the early of the growing season (May–June), due to the rapid expansion of plant leaves, the contribution of transpiration to evapotranspiration was at a high level, which intensified transpiration and led to a gradual increase of the transpiration contribution. In the middle of the growing season (July–August), owing to better conditions of rain and heat that made plants grow vigorously, plant transpiration made the highest contribution to evapotranspiration more than 90%, which caused to an overwhelming contribution of plant transpiration to evapotranspiration. In the later of growing season (September to October), the contribution of plant transpiration to evapotranspiration decreased significantly while that of soil evaporation increased, which was because plant photosynthesis and respiration gradually declined for losing their leaves of scrub plants and the relative atmospheric humidity was lower.
Why do firms extend trade credit? The role of inventories
Authors: Fernandes Filipa Da Silva , Guariglia Alessandra , Kontonikas Alexandros , Tsoukas Serafeim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe are the first to explore the role of inventories as a trade credit driver in an economic/financial crisis setting. To this end, we make use of a panel of 198,024 manufacturing firms from eleven euro‐area countries over the period 2006–2022. We find an inverse relationship between the stock of inventories and trade credit extended, which is magnified during the recent sovereign debt crisis. These results are robust to using different definitions of trade credit extended and of the crisis. Furthermore, we find that the association between inventories and trade credit extended is driven by financially constrained firms and firms producing differentiated products.
pH‐responsive albumin‐mimetic synthetic nanoprobes for magnetic resonance/fluorescence imaging of thyroid cancer
Authors: Xie Zhengrong , Hao Liguo , Liu Jinren , Guo Changzhi , Jia Qiushi , Wu Shuang , Li Fulin , Li Chunxiang , Li Zhongyuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe combination of magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging in dual‐modality imaging not only resolves the limitations of conventional single molecular imaging techniques in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and resolution but also expands the possibilities of molecular imaging techniques in diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring. Herein, a novel pH‐responsive magnetic resonance/near‐infrared fluorescence (MR/NIRF) nanoprobe (MnO2@BSA‐Cy5.5) was successfully prepared by biomineralizing manganese dioxide (MnO2) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) while coupling fluorescent dye Cy5.5 for precise tumor detection and visualization. The synthesized MnO2@BSA‐Cy5.5 nanoprobes were spherical particles of approximately 22.62 ± 3.31 nm in size, and their relaxation rates and T1 imaging signals were activated‐enhanced in an acidic environment. Cytotoxicity assay and hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated that MnO2@BSA‐Cy5.5 had low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. More importantly, active targeting via solid tumor albumin‐binding protein receptor and enhanced permeability and retention effect, the probe can be specifically aggregated to the tumor site of the 8305C tumor model and exhibit excellent MR/NIRF imaging properties. Our results show that MnO2@BSA‐Cy5.5 has high resolution and sensitivity in tumor imaging and is expected to be applied as an MR/NIRF contrast agent for accurate diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
Perovskite materials advance the potent sensor exploration
Authors: Ouyang Ruizhuo , Shen Hongyu , Feng Meina , Huang Ying , Ma Yuanhui , Zhao Yuefeng , Liu Xi , Miao Yuqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerovskite materials with unique crystal structure have developed rapidly in recent years owing to their special physical and chemical properties, such as high light absorption and extraordinary electrocatalytic properties. Metal halide perovskites are quite attractive in various fields because of their simple manufacturing process, adjustable band gap, good charge transfer performance, and high theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency. Therefore, perovskite oxides mixed with metal elements become ideal samples for studying the surface and catalytic performance of catalysts. In this review, various metal perovskites are clearly classified and introduced according to the corresponding synthesis methods, including hydrothermal method, sol–gel method, and high‐temperature solid phase, as well as coprecipitation. The excellent properties of perovskite make it extensively used in nanotechnology, chemistry, environmental protection, and material science, especially in solar cells and sensors. In particular, the nanosized perovskite materials are becoming more and more popular in sensors, which was reviewed in detail here. Most importantly, the design of electrochemical sensors using perovskite nanomaterials with low detection limit and high sensitivity will bring new insight into the detection of biomolecules. Both challenges and prospects of metal perovskites were discussed for promoting the development of biosensors in the end.
Morin‐enabled ratiometric dopamine detection by forming azamonardine product
Authors: Fan Xinyu , Yu Jingxin , Gao Xingzhong , Lu Fengniu , Yuan Zhiqin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe important role to neuron communication and brain functions makes the selective and accurate detection of dopamine (DA, a typical neurotransmitter) significant. In this study, a morin‐based probe has been reported for the ratiometric DA detection. The mechanism study discloses that the inside resorcinol motif can specifically react with DA and form fluorescent azamonardine‐like product. In addition, the intrinsic emission from the internal chromophore endows ratiometric variation. With these features, selective DA sensing is realized using morin probe with a limit of detection of 2.2 nM (S/N = 3). Moreover, the practical application of the proposed method is further validated by the accurate DA determination in urine samples. This work demonstrates the possible exploration of novel small molecule‐based ratiometric‐sensing systems toward various analytes with the combination of proper reaction motif and chromophore. It is expected that the development of versatile probes for the ratiometric and accurate recognition of environmental and biological markers can refer such a design strategy.
Phytochemical screening, antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of Geranium pusillum leaves
Authors: Mehmood Faisal , Hassan Faiza , Sarfraz Rafaqat , Khadim Zeeshan , Alamer Khalid H. , Attia Houneida , Saleh Muneera A. , Al‐Robai Sami Asir , Zaman Qamar uz , Iftikhar Zohaib 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTraditional medicinal plants play an important role in primary health care worldwide. The phytochemical screening and activities of Geranium pusillum were investigated in this research. The dried plant leaves were extracted with ethanol, n‐hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol, acetone, and aqueous solvents. These extracts were qualitatively analyzed, GC–MS, antimicrobial activities by using the disc diffusion method, antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl‐hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging, and cytotoxic activity was analyzed by the hemolytic activity of human red blood cells. The results showed phytochemicals such as flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, phenols, saponins, tannins, and cardiac glycosides were detected in plant leaves. The ethanol extract at a concentration of 10 mg/mL showed a maximum inhibition zone 17.5 ± 0.09, 15.6 ± 0.11, 14.2 ± 0.17, 18.4 ± 0.11, 16.6 ± 0.15, 12.5 ± 0.13, 15.9 ± 0.10, and 13.1 ± 0.11 mm, and at 15 mg/mL showed 24.5 ± 0.09, 27.2 ± 0.12, 26.3 ± 0.17, 28.4 ± 0.10, 27.9 ± 0.16, 22.5 ± 0.13, 27.1 ± 0.10, and 24.1 ± 0.16 mm against Escherichia coli, Pasturella multocida (gram‐negative), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus (gram‐positive), Rhizopus solani, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Alternaria alternate (fungal strain), respectively, and dichloromethane showed a minimum inhibition zone as compared to other extracts against bacterial as well as fungal strains. Chloroform extract had maximum antioxidant activity (45.00 ± 0.08%) and minimum in dichloromethane (12.20 ± 0.04%). Cytotoxic activity was found maximum in acetone extract (19.83 ± 0.07%) and minimum in ethanol extract (4.72 ± 0.04%). It is concluded that phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, and others may be responsible for these activities, which is why this plant is used for traditional medicine.Research Highlights
Geranium pusillum has therapeutic properties that exhibit various biological activities beneficial for human health.
G. pusillum has significant inhibitory effects against bacterial and fungal strains.
Chloroform solvent extract indicates potential free radical scavenging abilities.
Acetone extract exhibits notable effects on human red blood cells and demonstrates significant cytotoxic activity.
Denitrifying bioreactors and dissolved phosphorus: Net source or sink?
Authors: Bailon A. P. Sanchez‐Bustamante , Margenot A. , Cooke R. A. C. , Christianson L. E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the world through a lens of phosphorus (P), as Dr. Andrew Sharpley aimed to do, adds a deeper dimension for water quality work in the heavily tile‐drained US Midwest where nitrate is often the nutrient of biggest concern. Denitrifying woodchip bioreactors reduce nitrate pollution in drainage water, but dissolved phosphorus leached from the organic fill is a possible pollution tradeoff. Recent work by Dr. Sharpley and others defined such tradeoffs as strategic decisions in which a negative outcome is accepted with prior knowledge of the risk. In this vein, we assessed 23 site‐years from full‐size bioreactors in Illinois to determine if bioreactors were a net dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) source and, if so, to determine flow‐related correlation agents (1904 sample events; 10 bioreactors). DRP was removed across the bioreactors in 15 of 23 site‐years. The 23 site‐years provided a median annual DRP removal efficiency of 12% and a median annual DRP removal rate of 7.1 mg DRP/m3 bioreactor per day, but the ranges of all removal metrics overlapped zero. The highest daily bioreactor DRP removal rates occurred with high inflow concentrations and under low hydraulic retention times (i.e., under higher loading). Dr. Sharpley was one of the first to explore losses of DRP in subsurface drainage and performed decades of useful applied studies that inspired approaches to management of P loss on both drained and undrained land. We seek to honor this legacy with this practical study of the DRP benefits and tradeoffs of denitrifying bioreactors.
Changes in intrahost genetic diversity according to lesion severity in longitudinal HPV16 samples
Authors: Costanzi Jean‐Marc , Stosic Milan S. , Løvestad Alexander H. , Ambur Ole H. , Rounge Trine B. , Christiansen Irene K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is the most common cause of cervical cancer, but most infections are transient with lesions not progressing to cancer. There is a lack of specific biomarkers for early cancer risk stratification. This study aimed to explore the intrahost HPV16 genomic variation in longitudinal samples from HPV16‐infected women with different cervical lesion severity (normal, low‐grade, and high‐grade). The TaME‐seq deep sequencing protocol was used to generate whole genome HPV16 sequences of 102 samples collected over time from 40 individuals. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and intrahost SNVs (iSNVs) were identified in the viral genomes. A majority of individuals had a unique set of SNVs and these SNVs were stable over time. Overall, the number of iSNVs and APOBEC3‐induced iSNVs were significantly lower in high‐grade relative to normal and low‐grade samples. A significant increase in the number of APOBEC3‐induced iSNVs over time was observed for normal samples when compared to high‐grade. Our results indicates that the lower incidence of iSNVs and APOBEC3‐induced iSNVs in high‐grade lesions may have implications for novel biomarkers discoveries, potentially aiding early stratification of HPV‐induced cervical precancerous lesions.
Influencing factors on regeneration and seedling survival prediction in Larix principis‐rupprechtii plantations in northern China
Authors: Wei Xi , Liang Wenjun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe natural regeneration of forest ecosystems is crucial for their sustainability, but uncertainties have impeded the regeneration of some tree species. Identifying influencing factors and effective strategies to enhance seedling survival and growth is essential. We investigated factors affecting the natural regeneration of Larix principis‐rupprechtii and provided insights into seedling survival and growth. Eighteen artificial L. principis‐rupprechtii forest plots were established and monitored for 3 years. A logistic regression analysis and generalized linear models were used to investigate the influence of stand age, diameter at ground level, height, and other microhabitat factors on seedling regeneration. The microhabitat factors significantly influenced the overall L. principis‐rupprechtii regeneration density, as well as the density and growth of regenerated trees in different height classes. The area under the curve values for total nitrogen (0.796), total phosphorus (0.726), soil moisture (0.759), and litter thickness (0.633) were the highest, indicating a significant impact on the survival rate and mortality of the seedlings. Among these values, total nitrogen sensitivity (0.857) and specificity (0.810) were the highest, and the optimal threshold was 0.940. The survival rate decreased with increasing forest age, and the stands aged 4–7 years with a height of 1–2.5 m and a diameter at the ground level of approximately 2 cm constituted a relatively vulnerable and critical set of conditions for the survival of L. principis‐rupprechtii seedlings. The model showed that at 12 years old, L. principis‐rupprechtii trees were no longer vulnerable to mortality. The Kaplan–Meier model predicted future seedling survival through the construction of the comprehensive influence value and the measured seedling survival number. The model can be used to evaluate the survival rate for the final regeneration of a species, and targeted artificial seeding or replanting can improve the proportion of seedlings that survive. Our findings contribute to elucidating the factors affecting the natural regeneration of forest species and provide valuable insights for the development of effective regeneration strategies.
COMPUTATIONAL LEADERSHIP: REMAINING INNOVATIVE AND PEOPLE‐CENTERED IN THE AGE OF AI
Authors: Spisak Brian R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpisak conducts a variety of activities and areas of research, including being a research associate at the National Preparedness Leadership Initiative (Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University). His major concept, computational leadership, is described as a “leadership process that seamlessly integrates high‐quality data and state‐of‐the‐art technology with practical insights and validated social science.” In discussion of his creation of the concept, he writes that “science provides a clear plan of action, data informs this plan, tech scales it, and experience makes it human,” and in the intersection of artificial intelligence/AI and leadership, he notes his personal principle and motto: “Leadership First, Tech Last.” He writes of the dangers and potential pitfalls of organizational use of chatbots, and of the dangers of “blind adoption of technology without a robust plan in place.” For the application of computational leadership, five steps are outlined, which in his words are (1) Define Ambitious Goals Guided by Science (2) Leverage Data for Strategic Decision‐Making (3) Embrace Technology with Purpose (4) Combine Experience with Innovation (5) Communicate Your Vision Clearly. Responsible AI is outlined in his words in four imperatives: Informed participation; transparent objectives; Employee and Stakeholder Well‐Being; and Data Management.