bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the production technology of rubber epoxy from concentrated natural rubber latex
Authors: Trinh V D , Luu T H , Nguyen T Q 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The results of research on epoxidation technology from concentrated natural rubber latex (CNRL) and in-situ peroxyformic acid, which is synthesised from formic acid (FA) and hydrogen peroxide (HP), are presented in the article. The study investigated the influence of technological parameters of the epoxidation process, such as stabiliser content (nonylphenol ethoxylate, NP9), dry rubber content (DRC), isoprene, stirring speed, reaction time, reaction temperature, and molar ratios of hydrogen peroxide and isoprene (IP), on the epoxy resin content of the product. Research results have shown that the epoxidation reaction with NP9 at 10% takes from 2.5 to 20 hours under the following conditions: latex composition contains from 16 to 24% DRC, stirring speed 100 rpm, reaction temperature response 30 to 70 °C, HP/IP molar ratio changes from 0.7 to 1.3, FA/IP ratio is 0.2, the product was stable and without coagulation. The product was obtained with an epoxy content of 23.4 to 43.6%. This is the basis for building an epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) production process to create a series of natural rubber products that are renewable, environmentally friendly, low-cost, and have many industrial applications.
A novel La2MnTiO6 perovskite for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride
Authors: Le Thanh-Nhu-Ngoc , Thuy-Ngan Nguyen T. , Nguyen Anh-Huy , Nguyen Phan-Thong , Nguyen Thao X.D , Le Minh-Vien 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
One of the majority of environmental pollution is caused by organic substances resulting from anthropogenic and industrial activities, such as dyes, antibiotics, and similar substances. Due to these pollutants’ strong stability, they are difficult to decompose, and their breakdown can only occur slowly through chemical or biological processes. Photocatalysis is a potential method for environmental clean-up with a significant oxidation capacity and a rapid response rate. Among them, double perovskite is an emerging alternative to single perovskite, which has recently shown comparable or even better performance for degrading organic pollutants. The first report on the synthesis of La2MnTiO6 (LMTO) double perovskite for tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) degradation was made in this work. By using XRD, FE-SEM, BET, and EDX analysis, the crystalline structure morphology, and elemental composition of the samples were identified. According to the calcination temperature, only at temperatures greater than 700 °C could the LMTO material be successfully formed. The photocatalytic performances of the prepared samples were evaluated by degrading TC under a UV LED lamp at 365 nm. The 800 °C calcined sample exhibited the highest TC degradation performance, reaching around 62% in 120 min. Besides, the LMTO might eliminate another medicine such as Ciprofloxacin (CIP). Overall, these results offer a potential strategy for employing LMTO photocatalysts to remove various antibiotics.
Impact of CO2 emissions on the economy of Vinh Tan 4 Extention Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Thoa Dao Thi Kim , Dang Nguyen Phan Minh , Luong Nguyen Huu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The increasing demand for modern living leads to an increasing demand for energy, including electricity. In Vietnam, the issue of electricity shortage has been addressed in the past five years. However, traditional electricity production methods have serious environmental consequences. While countries around the world are gradually closing down coal-fired power plants and switching to environmentally friendly electricity production, according to Vietnam’s recently issued Power Development Plan VIII, the proportion of coal-fired power plants is projected to account for approximately 31% by 2030 in the base-load scenario and around 28% in the high-load scenario. Vinh Tan 4 Extention Thermal Power Plant is part of Vinh Tan Power Plant Complex and was operated in late 2019. The amount of CO2 emissions has been calculated and the impact of CO2 emissions on economic efficiency and the environmental impact of coal-fired power generation has been assessed. This highlights the importance of transitioning to environmentally friendly electricity production methods in Vietnam. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the amount of CO2 emissions from the power plant to assess the emission status and propose appropriate energy conversion methods.
Antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of isolated polysaccharides from cultured Ophiocordyceps sinensis
Authors: Huynh Thu , Tran Minh-Trang , Dinh Minh-Hiep 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Ophiocordyceps sinensis is well-known as a traditionally valued medicine. Recently, the cultured O. sinensis biomass have been producing and commercializing in Vietnam. Besides, the O. sinensis - isolated polysaccharides have been revealed possessing great biological activities, especially the potential antioxidant. Hence, this study focused on antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of polysaccharides isolated from cultured O. sinensis biomass.
Methods: Firstly, crude polysaccharides (PS) including IPS (endo-polysaccharide extracted from biomass) and EPS (exo-polysaccharide extracted from broth) were isolated from O. sinensis, respectively. Then, the crude IPS and EPS were separated into fractions using a Sephadex G-200 column with a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min. The PSs and their fractions including IPS-1, IPS-2 and EPS-1, EPS-2 were screened for antioxidant (ABTS·+ free radical scavenging assay) and cytotoxic (HepG2 assay) activites.
Results: Both EPSs and IPSs were mixtures of peptide-polysaccharide. In the ABTS assay, the IC50 value of EPS and EPS-2 fractions were 2,688.80 ± 19.83 µg/ml and 1,885.90 ± 2.90 µg/ml, respectively. This result indicated that the antioxidant activity of EPS and EPS-2 fractions were higher than that of IPSs as well as EPS-1 fraction. Furthermore, only crude EPS exhibited HepG2 cell growth inhibitory ability (IC50 = 15.59 ± 0.17 µg/ml) among the samples. Taken together, the EPSs exhibited greater antioxidant and cytotoxic activity than the IPSs. Thus, the EPSs could be considered as an antioxidant source.
Watermarking algorithm based on phase-only CGH in fractional Hartley domain for DICOM images
Authors: Yadav Raman , Sachin  , Singh Phool 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this manuscript, we proposed a watermarking algorithm based on phase-only computer-generated holography (CGH) in the fractional Hartley domain for digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) images. The proposed algorithm improves the security of the CGH-based algorithm. The cascaded use of fractional Hartley transform and attenuation factor

β

increases the keyspace of the proposed watermarking algorithm. The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed watermarking algorithm is validated using simulations on DICOM images. The effectiveness of the proposed watermarking algorithm is assessed using statistical tools in terms of mean-squared error, information entropy, correlation coefficient, histogram, and mesh plots. The robustness is evaluated by testing the proposed algorithm’s performance under real-time threats, including contamination and data loss attacks. Furthermore, the security of the proposed algorithm is also tested for existing cryptographic attacks, such as chosen-plaintext attacks, and known-plaintext attacks. The simulation results indicate that the proposed watermarking algorithm is robust and effective.
Hot-carrier thermophotovoltaic systems
Authors: Nimje Kartika N , Giteau Maxime , Papadakis Georgia T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy converter harnesses thermal photons emitted by a hot body and converts them to electricity. When the radiative heat exchange between the emitter and photovoltaic cell is spectrally monochromatic, the TPV system can approach the Carnot thermodynamic efficiency limit. Nonetheless, this occurs at the expense of vanishing extracted electrical power density. Conversely, a spectrally broadband radiative heat exchange between the emitter and the cell yields maximal TPV power density at the expense of low efficiency. By leveraging hot-carriers as a means to mitigate thermalization losses within the cell, we demonstrate that one can alleviate this trade-off between power density and efficiency. Via detailed balance analysis, we show analytically that one can reach near-Carnot conversion efficiencies close to the maximum power point, which is unattainable with conventional TPV systems. We derive analytical relations between intrinsic device parameters and performance metrics, which serve as design rules for hot-carrier-based TPV systems.
Creating the Victim: From Innocent Victims to Indebted Subjects
Authors: Ullrich Leila 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter asks why people in Kenya and Uganda engage in the Court’s processes, and what that engagement does to them. The question of how the Court relates to affected communities and victims has been mainly studied through the concept of legitimacy. Challenging this approach, I instead propose to read the Court’s victim engagement through critical ideology theory. On that basis, I argue that the Court’s victim engagement works by creating its own victim subjects. I first illustrate how victims are ‘spotlighted’, ‘lured’, ‘schooled’, and ‘blamed’ in their encounter with the Court, and then focus on what subject is produced in the process. Rather than passive victims, the Court creates active victim subjects (‘champions’) and, rather than ‘innocent victims’, the Court creates blameworthy victims. I will illuminate this process of ideological subject formation through the notion of the blame cascade. What makes blame stick to victims is the fusion of moral and material processes: through assistance and reparation programmes, victims are incorporated into labour and debt relationships, which reconstruct them as ‘lazy’, ‘unproductive’, and ‘unreliable’.
Money and Land: Resistance in Times of Capitalist Complementarity
Authors: Ullrich Leila 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA key question scholars often ask about international criminal justice is whether affected communities support or oppose it. Do they want international criminal trials or rather domestic trials, truth and reconciliation commissions, or local justice rituals? This question overlooks that many people, supportive or critical, are willing to engage with the Court. They come to the Court’s meetings and enter into relationships with the Court’s staff and intermediaries. For that reason, it is important to study what people do and not only what they say. What I noticed observing the Court’s victims and outreach meetings in Kenya and Uganda is that victims often come late to the meetings, they bring along their children and people who were not invited by the Court, they haggle about transport reimbursement, and they forget what they were taught last time by the victims’ lawyers. Their lives centre around subsistence and social reproduction and that shapes their engagement with the Court. From this vantage point, this chapter will reread resistance to international criminal justice drawing on ideology and social reproduction theory. Such a rereading, first, suggests that, rather than a blanket refusal to engage, resistance often manifests in victims’ attempts to redefine the relationship with the Court. Secondly, it demonstrates how in mixed economies in the Global South that combine market and subsistence production, and where women still have access to communal land, social reproduction can become a means of resistance to global governance and its colonial capitalist relations, making women key agents of resistance.
Introduction to Geographical Indications with a Focus on Africa
Authors: Schneider Marius , Ho Tu Nam Nora 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers an introduction to geographical indications (GIs) with a focus on Africa. This chapter touches on the history behind the creation of the GI system and the role played by Africa. It sets out the opposing views on how to protect distinctive signs that link the quality and reputation of a product to its place or area of production, highlighting the difference between the New World and the Old World. The chapter discusses the link between GIs and development and GI as traditional knowledge. The chapter reviews the possible benefits of GIs on rural communities, highlighting positive examples on the African continent. The impediments to achieving higher level of socio-economic developments are also discussed. The chapter ends by analysing the common goals of GI and traditional knowledge.
Geographical Indications and Trade Marks
Authors: Schneider Marius , Ho Tu Nam Nora 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes various possible situations of overlap and conflict between trade marks and geographical indications (GIs). The problematic situations include the registration of a trade mark incorporating a prior registered GI for similar or dissimilar goods and the registration of a sign first as a trade mark and, later in time, the registration of a GI reproducing or containing the said sign. The chapter looks at the various solutions brought forward to solve these conflicts between trade marks and GIs, discussing the ‘First in Time, First in Right’ principle, the superiority of GIs and the coexistence principle. The chapter further looks at signs registered as GIs in one country but considered generic in others, and homonymous GIs. The chapter highlights the existence of uncertainty and the difficulty to find a unanimous solution satisfying both proponents of GIs and trade marks for all conflicting scenarios.
Morocco
Authors: Schneider Marius , Ho Tu Nam Nora 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at Morocco, which is located in the Maghreb region in North West Africa. Morocco is a party to the Madrid Protocol for the International Registration of Trade Marks (Madrid System) since October 1999 and to the Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration of 1958 since October 1958. Morocco is also a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It is possible in Morocco to register geographical indications (GIs), Appellations d’origine (designations of origin), and labels agricoles (agricultural labels). The chapter discusses in more details the registration of GIs and designations of origin, the registrability of names, the procedure and requirements for registration, the term of protection, the rights of the owner against infringers and customs enforcement. The chapter ends by looking at whether there are any bilateral agreements regarding GIs to which Morocco is a party.
South Africa
Authors: Schneider Marius , Ho Tu Nam Nora 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter talks about South Africa, which is located at the southern tip of Africa. South Africa has no specific geographical indication (GI) legislation but adopts a common law approach of using various statutes to protect its noteworthy agricultural products. These statutes are the Merchandise Marks Act (MMA), the Agricultural Product Standards Act (APSA), the Trade Marks Act (TMA), and the Liquor Products Act (LPA). The chapter discusses the various means of protection for GIs under these various acts. The chapter outlines the registrability of names, the procedure and requirements for registration, the term of protection, the rights of the owner against infringers and customs enforcement. The chapter ends by looking at the bilateral agreements regarding GIs to which South Africa is a party.
Conclusion
Authors: Schneider Marius , Ho Tu Nam Nora 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter recounts the first international agreements on the protection of the name of products having characteristics linked to their geographical origin administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTP Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) made it compulsory for all WTO members to protect geographical indications (GIs) in their national legislation. This chapter outlines the advantages and disadvantages of protecting GIs under a sui generis system or by using the trade mark system. The chapter highlights the need for African states to choose the most appropriate system, taking into account the cost and type of products to be protected. The chapter further highlights the necessity to go beyond mere registration of GIs to fully benefit from the advantages associated with a GI.
The Goldberg Variations Deconstructed
Authors: Knyt Erinn E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter documents single-author arrangements, transcriptions, and re-compositions of Bach’s Goldberg Variations from 1930 to 2020. It shows that the piece began to be performed regularly in the mid-twentieth century in historically informed manners on the harpsichord and piano. Transcriptions, arrangements, and re-compositions proliferated again around the late 1980s, but this time for a diversity of instruments. Although the piece continues to be performed in historically informed manners on harpsichord and piano to the present, there is more openness to subjective interpretation than in the mid-twentieth century. In the process of documenting these changes, this chapter contributes to ongoing discourse about the evolution of Werktreue and changing perceptions of the musical-work concept in relation to performance practices of Bach’s keyboard compositions. In so doing, it reveals changing attitudes about textual fidelity and the role of the interpreter in the twenty-first century.
The Goldberg Variations Revisited
Authors: Knyt Erinn E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides the first overview of multi-author compositions based on Johann Sebastian Bach’s Goldberg Variations. Instead of creating a single work that is the culmination of a lifetime of achievement and experience, as Bach did, several composers collectively present diverse contemporary perspectives on the music and techniques of Bach. Although multi-composer re-compositions might not display the same type of structural unity as Bach’s original, the pieces nevertheless explore and capitalize on aspects of stylistic variety that are inherent in Bach’s composition. Many of the multi-author collaborations, which are not usually simple direct reinterpretations of an authoritative text or a composer’s intentions, can also be seen as encompassing circular textual dialogues as Bach’s music becomes generative and an infinite or open text in which multiple people, including subsequent (re)-composers and performers enter into mutual textual conversations about the pieces.
Bach as Machine/Bach as Human
Authors: Knyt Erinn E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides the first detailed overview of quotations of Bach’s Goldberg Variations in soundtracks. It shows that the first decade of the twenty-first century featured more quotations of the piece in movie and documentary soundtracks than all previous decades combined and traces the evolution of the composition’s symbolic uses in relation to plots and extra-musical images. Film scores frequently complicate notions of the musical work when they quote from or allude to music of the past by creating a circular nexus between not only a composer, a score, interpreters, and an audience, but also the director and any quoted authors. This chapter explores these issues in relation to the numerous recent quotations of Bach’s Goldberg Variations. It also analyzes how these quotations are put in dialogue with explicit narratives, images, and other extra-musical ideas that convey ever-changing meanings about Bach and his music.
The Goldberg Variations as Protest and Tragedy
Authors: Knyt Erinn E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides the first overview of the Goldberg Variations in pieces for theater and opera. In particular, the variations appeared in four works in German-speaking lands between 1974 and 2016. This chapter analyzes layers of intertextual meanings conveyed through the adaptations of Bach’s music for these new theatrical contexts. In particular, it shows how Bach’s composition is imbricated in more recent historical events through the addition of the sociological and political situations addressed in the theatrical works, such as protests of poor conditions for the working class, and critical commentary about the suffering produced by the Holocaust. In turn, these recent stage works reflect new intertextual meanings back onto Bach’s piece. These circular relationships, in turn, raise additional questions about the musical work concept and the role of adaptations, quotations, and allusions in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Identification of “modified OPDA (mo-OPDA)” as a Michael adduct of cis-OPDA
Authors: Nishizato Yuho , Muraoka Yuki , Morikawa Mai , Saito Rina , Kaji Takuya , Ueda Minoru 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
cis-(+)-12-Oxo-phytodienoic acid (cis-OPDA) is a significant plant oxylipin, known as a biosynthetic precursor of the plant hormone jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and a bioactive substance in plant environmental stresses. A recent study showed that a plant dioxygenase, Jasmonate Induced Dioxygenase 1 (JID1), converts cis-OPDA into an unidentified metabolite termed “modified-OPDA (mo-OPDA)” in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quad mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) experiment, the chemical identity of “mo-OPDA” was demonstrated and identified as a conjugate between cis-OPDA and 2-mercaptoethanol (cis-OPDA-2ME), an artifact produced by Michael addition during the JID1 digestion of cis-OPDA. However, previous reports demonstrated a decreased accumulation of cis-OPDA in the JID1-OE line, suggesting the existence of an unknown JID1-mediated mechanism regulating the level of cis-OPDA in A. thaliana.
BERT-TFBS: a novel BERT-based model for predicting transcription factor binding sites by transfer learning
Authors: Wang Kai , Zeng Xuan , Zhou Jingwen , Liu Fei , Luan Xiaoli , Wang Xinglong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins essential for regulating genetic transcriptions by binding to transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) in DNA sequences. Accurate predictions of TFBSs can contribute to the design and construction of metabolic regulatory systems based on TFs. Although various deep-learning algorithms have been developed for predicting TFBSs, the prediction performance needs to be improved. This paper proposes a bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT)-based model, called BERT-TFBS, to predict TFBSs solely based on DNA sequences. The model consists of a pre-trained BERT module (DNABERT-2), a convolutional neural network (CNN) module, a convolutional block attention module (CBAM) and an output module. The BERT-TFBS model utilizes the pre-trained DNABERT-2 module to acquire the complex long-term dependencies in DNA sequences through a transfer learning approach, and applies the CNN module and the CBAM to extract high-order local features. The proposed model is trained and tested based on 165 ENCODE ChIP-seq datasets. We conducted experiments with model variants, cross-cell-line validations and comparisons with other models. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and generalization capability of BERT-TFBS in predicting TFBSs, and they show that the proposed model outperforms other deep-learning models. The source code for BERT-TFBS is available at https://github.com/ZX1998-12/BERT-TFBS.