bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective analysis of maxillary sinus septa on reformatted computerised tomography scans
Authors: Van Zyl Andre W. , Van Heerden Willie F. P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives: This study analysed 200 consecutive computerised tomography (CT) scans, reformatted with specialised software for the identification of maxillary sinus septa. All patients were routine implant patients who had undergone CT scans for dental implant planning.Materials and methods: The data of two hundred consecutive patients (400 maxillary sinuses) who had been sent for CT scan, were reformatted with CT software. The group consisted of 115 edentulous and 85 dentate (below sinuses) patients. Septa were identified using three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and panoramic views. No septa were included unless they were clearly visible on the 3D reconstruction. The prevalence, height and number of septa were analysed for both groups of patients.Results: The prevalence of sinus septa was found to be 69% (138 patients), with a significant number of these patients showing multiple septa (89/138). The mean age of the patients was 54 (±14). The prevalence of edentulous patients with septa (71%) was not statistically different from the dentate patients (66%) (P=0.7).Discussion: This study found a higher prevalence of patients with maxillary sinus septa than what has been reported previously. This may be due to the exact nature of the CT software and the ease of use of the 3D reconstruction for identification of septa. Another explanation could be that all septa that were visible on the 3D reconstruction were included and there was no minimum cut‐off height. No significant differences were found between edentulous and dentate patients.
Dimensional ridge alterations following immediate implant placement in molar extraction sites: a six‐month prospective cohort study with surgical re‐entry
Authors: Matarasso S. , Salvi G. E. , Iorio Siciliano V. , Cafiero C. , Blasi A. , Lang N. P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAim: To assess dimensional ridge alterations following immediate implant placement in molar extraction sites.Material and methods: Twelve subjects received 12 immediate transmucosal implants in molar extraction sites. Peri‐implant defects were treated according to the principles of Guided Bone Regeneration by means of a deproteinized bone substitute and a bioresorbable collagen membrane. Changes in vertical (IS‐BD, CREST‐BD) and horizontal distances (EC‐I, IC‐I) of alveolar bony walls to the bottom of the defects (BD) and to the implant surfaces (I) were compared between implant placement and surgical re‐entry at 6 months.Results: The implant survival rate at 6 months was 100%. Statistically significant differences (P<0.01) were observed in the mean changes in vertical distances IS‐BD and CREST‐BD between baseline and re‐entry. At re‐entry, all peri‐implant marginal defects assessed from the internal socket wall to the implant surface (IC‐I) were healed. The residual combined thickness of the buccal wall with the newly formed peri‐implant bone at sites with an initial thickness of 1 mm was statistically significantly smaller (P<0.05) compared with that of sites with an initial buccal thickness of 2 mm (2.50 ± 0.76 vs. 4±0 mm).Conclusions: The marginal defects around immediate implants placed in molar extraction sites were completely filled after 6 months of healing through de novo bone formation. Bone resorption was observed from the external aspects of the buccal and oral socket walls. Dimensional changes of the external socket walls were mostly pronounced at the buccal aspects.
Complementary seed dispersal by three avian frugivores in a fragmented Afromontane forest
Authors: Lehouck V. , Spanhove T. , Demeter S. , Groot N. E. , Lens L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractQuestions: To what extent does species‐specific variation in gut passage time (GPT), habitat use and mobility of three key avian frugivores synergistically affect the distribution of Xymalos monospora seeds within and among isolated forest fragments?Location: Three fragments of a severely fragmented cloud forest, Taita Hills, southeast Kenya.Methods: We experimentally determined GPTs of X. monospora seeds and recorded movements and habitat use by Turdus helleri, Andropadus milanjensis and Tauraco hartlaubi through radiotelemetry, and combined these data to generate species‐specific seed dispersal patterns.Results: Differences in mobility and habitat use among the three frugivores caused significant complementarity in seed dispersal, despite the fact that gut transit times were highly comparable. While the most sedentary and forest‐dependent species mainly led to short‐distance dispersal away from parent trees, two more mobile species dispersed seeds further away from the source trees, both within indigenous forest patches and towards exotic plantations and isolated fruiting trees in the landscape matrix. A. milanjensis inhabiting a very small forest fragment spent significantly more time in the landscape matrix than conspecifics residing in the two larger fragments.Conclusions: By varying distances over which seeds are carried away from parent trees and the habitat types in which they are ultimately deposited, avian frugivores affect the spatial distribution of seeds and early plant recruits in a distinct and complementary manner. Because landscape properties are expected to lead to different constraints on avian mobility for habitat specialists and for generalists, ecosystem processes such as avian seed dispersal are shaped by complex interactions between disperser behaviour and the environment.
Recruiting older adults to health research studies: A systematic review
Authors: Auster Josephine , Janda Monika 
Published: August 2009

Aim:  To provide a systematic review of papers comparing the effectiveness of different strategies to recruit older adults (aged 50 years and over) to participate in health research studies, to guide successful recruitment in future research.Methods:  Four major databases were searched for papers published between 1995 and 2008 with: target group aged 50 years or over; participants allocated to receive one of two or more recruitment strategies; and an outcome measure of response rate or enrolment in study.Results:  Twelve papers were included in the review.Conclusion:  For postal questionnaires, recruitment strategies used with older adults had comparable outcomes to those used to recruit from the general population. For other types of studies, strategies involving face‐to‐face contact may be more effective than indirect methods, but this needs to be balanced against feasibility. Overall, little evidence on the topic exists and more rigorous investigation is necessary.
Medical masters: A pilot study of adaptive ageing in physicians
Authors: Peisah Carmelle , Gautam Mamta , Goldstein Marion Z 
Published: August 2009

Aim:  To describe models of career and lifestyle options for ageing doctors that suggest adaptability to ageing and retirement.Method:  Doctors aged 60 or older from Australia, Canada and the United States (n= 25) deemed to be ageing well by peers were administered a semistructured interview to obtain demographic and qualitative data regarding lifestyle, attitudes to ageing and retirement.Results:  Emergent themes included: (i) insights into the physical and psychological vicissitudes of ageing and the effects of such on practice; (ii) the need for adaptations in working hours and choice of work; (iii) the importance of long‐term retirement planning; (iv) the usefulness of a transitional phase to ease into retirement; and (v) the need to cultivate a variety of medical and non‐medical pursuits and relationships early in one's career.Conclusion:  These insights might encourage doctors to engage in long‐term occupational, familial, social and financial planning and provide potential models of adaptive ageing in doctors for further study.
Management and organisational barriers in the acquisition of computer usage skills by mature age workers
Authors: Keogh Mark 
Published: August 2009

Aim:  To investigate workplace cultures in the acquisition of computer usage skills by mature age workers.Methods:  Data were gathered through focus groups conducted at job network centres in the Greater Brisbane metropolitan region. Participants who took part were a mixture of workers and job‐seekers.Results:  The results suggest that mature age workers can be exposed to inappropriate computer training practices and age‐insensitive attitudes towards those with low base computer skills.Conclusions:  There is a need for managers to be observant of ageist attitudes in the work place and to develop age‐sensitive strategies to help mature age workers learn computer usage skills. Mature age workers also need to develop skills in ways which are practical and meaningful to their work.
Physical activity of older Australians measured by pedometry
Authors: Ewald Ben , Duke Janine , Thakkinstian Ammarrin , Attia John , Smith Wayne 
Published: August 2009

Aim:  To established population norms for pedometer determined step counts in older Australians.Methods:  A representative sample of 684 participants over the age of 55 years wore a pedometer for a week in Newcastle, Australia.Results:  Response rate was 32%. Median daily step count was 8605 in those aged 55–59 years declining to 3778 in those over 80 years old. The proportion who reached 8000 steps per day was 62% in those 55–59 years and 12% in those over 80 years. Daily step counts were highest on Thursdays and Fridays and least on Sundays. Weekend days had on average 620 less steps than weekdays. After adjusting for age, there was a negative association of step count with body mass index >30, and with a history of arthritis but no significant association with other demographic variables.Conclusion:  Pedometry is feasible in an elderly sample, and research involving pedometers must take days of the week into account.
Four‐item fall risk screening tool for subacute and residential aged care: The first step in fall prevention
Authors: Stapleton Caroline , Hough Peter , Oldmeadow Leonie , Bull Karen , Hill Keith , Greenwood Kenneth 
Published: August 2009

Aim:  To report the reliability, accuracy and compliance of a brief fall risk screening tool in subacute and residential aged care.Method:  A 9‐item tool, developed by expert and literature review, was administered to 291 persons admitted to subacute and residential aged care at Peninsula Health (PH) Victoria, Australia. Items were analysed for their ability to predict falls and the four strongest incorporated into a screening tool. Reliability was assessed on six nurses.Results:  Most predictive items were recent falls (0.82), psychological status (0.55), medications (0.46) and cognition (0.41) χ2 (4, n= 291) = 89.89, P < 0.0001. The final 4‐item tool (PH‐FRAT) provides 80% accuracy (sensitivityER 70.2%, specificityER 68.8%) and high reliability (ICC = 0.79). The PH‐FRAT is now used in 50 local subacute and residential facilities.Conclusion:  The 4‐item PH‐FRAT is a popular, moderately predictive, reliable and brief method of screening fall risk in subacute and residential aged care.
Glycaemic index and glycaemic load intake patterns in older Australian women
Authors: O'SULLIVAN Therese A. , BREMNER Alexandra P. , CEDARO Pieta C. , O'NEILL Sheila , LYONS‐WALL Philippa 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAims:  Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load have been associated with risk of chronic diseases, yet limited research exists on patterns of consumption in Australia. Our aims were to investigate glycaemic carbohydrate in a population of older women, identify major contributing food sources and determine low, moderate and high ranges.Methods:  Subjects were 459 Brisbane women aged 42–81 years participating in the Longitudinal Assessment of Ageing in Women. Diet history interviews were used to assess usual diet and results were analysed into energy and macronutrients using the FoodWorks dietary analysis program combined with a customised glycaemic index database.Results:  Mean ± SD dietary glycaemic index was 55.6 ± 4.4% and mean dietary glycaemic load was 115 ± 25. A low glycaemic index in this population was ≤52.0, corresponding to the lowest quintile of dietary glycaemic index, and a low glycaemic load was ≤95. Glycaemic index showed a quadratic relationship with age (P= 0.01), with a slight decrease observed in women aged in their 60s relative to younger or older women. Glycaemic load decreased linearly with age (P < 0.001). Bread was the main contributor to carbohydrate and dietary glycaemic load (17.1% and 20.8%, respectively), followed by fruit (15.5% and 14.2%), and dairy for carbohydrate (9.0%), or breakfast cereals for glycaemic load (8.9%).Conclusions:  In this population, dietary glycaemic load decreased with increasing age; however, this was likely to be a result of higher energy intakes in younger women. Focus on careful selection of lower‐glycaemic‐index items within bread and breakfast cereal food groups would be an effective strategy for decreasing dietary glycaemic load in this population of older women.
Dietary portfolio approach to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease: The Polymeal revisited
Authors: CROWE Timothy C. , SHABANI Mehdi , BROCKBANK Cara M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAims: The Polymeal was first proposed as a ‘tastier and safer’ alternative to a polypharmacy approach to cardiovascular disease risk reduction. The present study aimed to examine the affordability of the Polymeal, and to propose modifications based on economic considerations, and the latest scientific evidence, to achieve consistency with current public health recommendations.Methods: Prices for each food component specified in the Polymeal were obtained from a major and independent supermarket chain in a representative middle socioeconomic demographic region of metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Items included fish (114 g, four times/week), fruits and vegetables (400 g/day), dark chocolate (100 g/day), garlic (2.7 g/day), almonds (68 g/day) and red wine (150 mL/day). Prices were calculated using an average of the major brands, or the most commonly eaten fruits, vegetables or fish. Modifications of the Polymeal were proposed based on published research and public health recommendations since the Polymeal was first proposed.Results: Average price of the Polymeal was AU$11.89 per day falling to AU$8.46 if the cheapest food items were chosen. Modifications to the Polymeal included: consuming fish oil capsules instead of fish, reduction in the quantity of dark chocolate and removal of red wine. These modifications halved the cost of the Polymeal, while choosing the cheapest food items further lowered the cost to AU$3.49 per day. Modification of the Polymeal gave substantial reductions in both energy and saturated fat (51% and 84%, respectively).Conclusion: The modified Polymeal is a more affordable variation of the Polymeal, which takes into account current scientific evidence and public health recommendations.
General practitioner and paediatrician self‐reported capacity for the diagnosis and management of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity
Authors: MCFARLANE Julie , SCOTT Hayley , ROBERTSON Val , GLEESON Catherine , VANDERKROFT Dawn , WILSON Kate 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAim:  The purpose of the present study was to assess and document the self‐reported capacity, knowledge, skill and confidence of Central Coast general practitioners and paediatricians in the identification and management of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, to investigate the barriers they experience in this area of practice and to consider how the local public sector nutrition service may assist.Methods:  Forty general practitioners and three paediatricians were interviewed using a semistructured purpose‐designed questionnaire.Results:  Most participating doctors perceived that public sector dietitians are not available to assist them in managing overweight and obese paediatric patients. Few (23%) doctors reported using published guidelines and most reported significant barriers limiting their capacity to identify and manage this patient group effectively. All doctors identified at least one way in which the public health system can better support doctors in this role.Conclusions:  The findings suggest that many doctors may benefit from increased training and a health system that better remunerates them for the time investment needed to provide management consistent with best practice. Reorientation of local public sector nutrition services may also provide them with better support when managing overweight and obese paediatric clients. Future research should examine the actual practices of doctors and how public sector dietitians can best communicate and interact with them to facilitate effective management of these patients.
GF: A Multilingual Grammar Formalism
Authors: Ranta Aarne 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGF (Grammatical Framework) is a grammar formalism designed for dealing with many languages simultaneously. A multilingual GF grammar has a language‐independent abstract syntax that deals with pure tree structures, and a set of language‐dependent concrete syntaxes that specify how the trees are expressed in different languages. Multilingual grammars formalize the idea that the same grammatical categories (such as noun phrases and verb phrases) and syntax rules (such as predication) can appear in different languages. They are also a powerful tool for natural language engineering, used for applications ranging from a translator of mathematical exercises to a dialogue system usable for talking with devices in a car. As a programming language, GF has constructs inherited from functional programming languages, an optimizing grammar compiler and code generation into several other formats. The most ambitious multilingual grammar is the GF Resource Grammar Library, which implements the main grammar rules of 12 languages. This library enables non‐linguist programmers to build linguistically correct applications. It is at the same time a linguistic experiment showing how far one can go in sharing structure between languages.
Cognitive Research in GIScience: Recent Achievements and Future Prospects
Authors: Montello Daniel R 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this article, recent achievements of cognitive research in geographic information science (GIScience) are reviewed and prospects for future directions discussed. Cognitive research in GIScience concerns human knowledge and knowing involving geographic information and geographic information systems (GIS). It includes both internal mental and external symbolic structures and processes, and is practically motivated by the desire to improve the usability, efficiency, equity, and profitability of geographic information and GIS. Taking 1992 as the start of modern GIScience, recent cognitive research falls into six areas: human factors of GIS, geovisualization, navigation systems, cognitive geo‐ontologies, geographic and environmental spatial thinking and memory, and cognitive aspects of geographic education. Future prospects for cognitive GIScience research include recommendations for methods, including eye‐movement recordings and fMRI; theoretical approaches, including situated cognition, evolutionary cognition, and cognitive neuroscience; and specific problems, including how users incorporate uncertainty metadata in reasoning and decision making, the role of GIS in teaching K‐12 students to think spatially, and the potential detrimental effects of over‐reliance on digital navigation systems.
Autoethnography
Authors: Butz David , Besio Kathryn 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe term autoethnography was described by Reed‐Danahay as ‘a form of self‐narrative that places the self within a social context’. We outline autoethnography’s main characteristics, situate it in relation to the so‐called ‘crisis of representation’, and describe five loosely configured categories of autoethnographic practice. We argue that all types of authoethnography dissolve to some extent the boundary between authors and objects of representation, as authors become part of what they are studying, and research subjects are re‐imagined as reflexive narrators of self. Dismantling the author/represented boundary in this way has implications for how researchers understand their objects of research and ethnographic knowledge itself. The study discusses the relevance for geographers of the various categories of autoethnographic practice and of a broader autoethnographic sensibility.
Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery for Mapping Crop Yield Variability
Authors: Yang Chenghai 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInformation concerning the spatial variation in crop yield has become necessary for site‐specific crop management. Traditional satellite imagery has long been used to monitor crop growing conditions and to estimate crop yields over large geographic areas. However, this type of imagery has limited use for assessing within‐field yield variability because of its coarse spatial resolution. Therefore, high‐resolution airborne multispectral and hyperspectral imagery has been used for this purpose. This study presents an overview on the use of remote sensing imagery for mapping crop yield variability and illustrates how airborne hyperspectral imagery can be used for crop yield estimation based on the work conducted at the US Department of Agriculture’s Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center at Weslaco, Texas. Some of the challenges and considerations on the use of hyperspectral imagery for yield mapping are discussed.
Dendritic Cell Therapy of High‐Grade Gliomas
Authors: Van Gool Stefaan , Maes Wim , Ardon Hilko , Verschuere Tina , Van Cauter Sofie , De Vleeschouwer Steven 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe prognosis of patients with malignant glioma is poor in spite of multimodal treatment approaches consisting of neurosurgery, radiochemotherapy and maintenance chemotherapy. Among innovative treatment strategies like targeted therapy, antiangiogenesis and gene therapy approaches, immunotherapy emerges as a meaningful and feasible treatment approach for inducing long‐term survival in at least a subpopulation of these patients. Setting up immunotherapy for an inherent immunosuppressive tumor located in an immune‐privileged environment requires integration of a lot of scientific input and knowledge of both tumor immunology and neuro‐oncology. The field of immunotherapy is moving into the direction of active specific immunotherapy using autologous dendritic cells (DCs) as vehicle for immunization. In the translational research program of the authors, the whole cascade from bench to bed to bench of active specific immunotherapy for malignant glioma is covered, including proof of principle experiments to demonstrate immunogenicity of patient‐derived mature DCs loaded with autologous tumor lysate, preclinical in vivo experiments in a murine orthotopic glioma model, early phase I/II clinical trials for relapsing patients, a phase II trial for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) for whom immunotherapy is integrated in the current multimodal treatment, and laboratory analyses of patient samples. The strategies and results of this program are discussed in the light of the internationally available scientific literature in this fast‐moving field of basic science and translational clinical research.