bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying just‐in‐time principles in the delivery and management of airport terminal buildings
Authors: Sui Pheng Low , Manzoor Arain Faisal , Wong Yan Fang Jolene 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThis study aims to examine how the just‐in‐time (JIT) principles can be adopted for the air travel industry with specific emphasis on the management and operations of terminal buildings in airports.Design/methodology/approachThree methods were adopted for the empirical part of this study. These included the observational walk‐through, interviews and survey questionnaires conducted in the Changi International Airport in Singapore. The evaluation for JIT application, as part of a larger study, includes the points of arrival and departure, the check‐in hall, immigration area, transit mall, gate lounges, food and beverage outlets, retail shops as well as other management initiatives that strive for continuous improvement. This paper focuses only on the check‐in hall.FindingsJapanese businesses have been able to compete successfully in the world market in recent decades because of their total dedication to quality and productivity issues. This has been made possible in part by the guiding principles of the JIT concept which many Japanese businesses subscribed to. The JIT principles include waste elimination, pull production system, uninterrupted work flow, total quality control, top management commitment, employee involvement, long term working relationships with suppliers and continuous improvement. The JIT concept was specifically examined in this study in the context of the Changi International Airport through its planning processes and existing operations. The study was able to highlight the strengths as well as areas for potential improvements in the airport through the application of the seven JIT principles.Practical implicationsBeyond Japanese businesses, the JIT concept was also found to have benefited organizations in a wide range of industries including those relating to the built environment. The study covers major processes and procedures typical of the spatial management and operations of major airport terminal buildings which holds promising lessons for airport management worldwide.Originality/valueThe analysis shows significant potential in applying JIT principles for managing airport operations within the confines of the physical airport terminal buildings. It recommends that designers, project managers and asset managers should progress beyond the traditional “design follows functions” approach to adopt the more integrative “design follows JIT‐driven functions” approach.
The concept of outstanding universal value and its application
Authors: von Droste Bernd 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the emergence of the concept of outstanding universal value and its application from the ancient to modern times culminating with its codification under the auspices of UNESCO in 1972.Design/methodology/approachThe nearly four decades‐long application of UNESCO's World Heritage Convention offers a solid basis for a critical reflection regarding past achievements and future challenges. An entire review of this being beyond the scope of a single paper, it focuses on only a few salient issues which illustrate how this unique international legal instrument evolved in the past 39 years.FindingsThe paper singles out for each of the four stages at least one emblematic and most threatened World Heritage property, in order to illustrate major legal issues and how these were addressed by the parties.Originality/valueAs Secretary of the World Heritage Committee as well as Founder Director of the World Heritage Centre viewpoints the author presents that constitute a direct and continuous observation of World Heritage related matters over the last four decades.
A new solution to the St Petersburg paradox and estimates under uncertainty
Authors: Wen Hui Wang 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue that Bernoulli's “utility function solution to the St Petersburg paradox” was wrong and to find a new method to solve the paradox.Design/methodology/approachThis goal is attained through two ways: using Bernoulli's and Kramer's utility function to construct new paradoxes; and designing and implementing a new St Petersburg game which does not carry the effect of diminishing marginal utility.FindingsIn this paper, the author finds that Bernoulli's “utility function solution to the St Petersburg paradox” was wrong, and also finds a new model to solve the paradox, which is also a brand‐new model of estimates under uncertainty.Research limitations/implicationsBernoulli put forward the diminishing marginal utility of currency and thus accordingly provided the utility function solution to solve the paradox. This paper indicates that the Bernoulli's utility function solution does not work. Thus, further research needs to be taken in several aspects: is the diminishing marginal utility of currency tenable? Does the marginal utility of currency decrease monotonically? Are concave utility functions represented by negative index functions which are widely used in theoretical study reasonable?Practical implicationsThe paper proposes a brand‐new possible research idea and direction for economic theoretical researches based on uncertainty.Originality/valueThis paper proved the untenability of the utility function solution to solve the St Petersburg paradox for the first time and proposed the pioneering “risk adjustment model” of estimates under uncertainty.
Audit fees, motivation of avoiding loss and opinion shopping
Authors: Yuejun Tang 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the impacts of motivation for avoiding loss and actual abnormal audit fees on management behaviors of audit opinion shopping.Design/methodology/approachUsing empirical research methods, this study employs regressive models and moderating effect models with data from Chinese listed companies from 2001 to 2008.FindingsBy analyzing the empirical data, it is found that strong motivation for avoiding loss has a certain moderating effect on the relationship between abnormal audit fees and audit opinion shopping; abnormal descent of audit fees significantly increases both the likelihood of receiving modified audit opinions of annual financial reports and that of the improvement of audit opinions; listed companies reporting consecutive losses in the last two years have a higher likelihood of an improvement in unfavorable audit opinions because of stronger motivation for avoiding loss and audit opinion shopping of management; and strong motivation for avoiding loss has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between abnormal increase of audit fees and audit opinion shopping.Practical implicationsThis study has a significant practical implication for market supervisors, small and medium investors.Originality/valueThe paper classifies abnormal audit fees into abnormal increase and descent of audit fees, and audit opinions differences into the improvement and deterioration of audit opinions, and further empirically analyzes and verifies the moderating effect of motivation for avoiding loss on the relationship between abnormal audit fees and audit opinion shopping.
Dubai mall: a multipurpose destination in the Middle East
Authors: Saxena Ravindra P. 
Published: July 2011

Subject area
Retail marketing management.

Study level/applicability
Undergraduate management; MA; Master's in Business Administration and Master's in Strategic Marketing programs.

Case overview
Opening of the “Dubai Mall” in November 2008 set a new benchmark in retail history. The mall is considered the largest in the world by space and 6th largest in the world in terms of gross leasable area. The Dubai Mall is the UAE's most ambitious retail launch to date. This case examines how in today's highly competitive retail environment, added-value retailing, experiential retailing, or retailtainment has become a major component of the retail strategy mix to establish a competitive advantage. The new phenomenon of “retailtainment” has caught the momentum worldwide and success of Dubai Mall is the live example of its strategic role in the retail mix. The case also highlights the importance of “good location” in the success of retail establishments, whilst examining primary retail location theories and there relation to the phenomenal success of Dubai Mall.

Expected learning outcomes
Through this case study students will be able to: understand the roles of “entertainment” and “location” in retail mix strategy; analyse the new trend of “retailtainment” and “quality location” in creating value-added services and gaining competitive advantage in global competitive retail environment; ascertain the importance and application of “retailtainment” and “strategic location” in the real world's successful example of “Dubai Mall”; and diagnose the role of these learnt concepts in the retailing strategies practiced by other retail establishments in their cities/country.

Supplementary materials
Teaching note.
Behind the veil
Authors: Snelgrove Alexandra , Ryan Ariane 
Published: July 2011

Subject area
The case addresses issues related to value chains, sustainable businesses, business environment in emerging economies and cross-cultural issues.

applicability/applicability
This case would be best addressed by students in upper years of their undergraduate degree or at a Master's level.

Case overview
The case addresses a project conducted by MEDA in Pakistan which focused on developing a value chain in the embroidery sector with the end goal of improving the livelihood of homebound rural women. The case walks the students through the local cultural constraints, the project design the development of the various value chain actors and the most significant outcomes. The primary issue requires the students to evaluate the most appropriate exit strategy for MEDA which would not harm the existing networks and allow the whole value chain to continue sustainably.

Expected learning outcomes
To appreciate the complexity of value chain development while understanding the benefits and opportunities they offer. To understand the importance of sustainability and how this can be achieved using market tools. To grasp the concept of exit strategies in the context of development projects and explore various ways these can be structured. To identify the impact of culture on business environment. Integrating the poor into thriving markets. Business as a development tool.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes
Enabling excellence in operations through technological innovation
Authors: Dasgupta Meeta 
Published: July 2011

Subject area
Strategic management and management of innovation and technology.

Study level/applicability
The course can be used for undergraduate and postgraduate students. The case would be relevant in the strategic management course to understand the concept of technology strategy and the various evaluation parameters guiding firms in their technology decisions. A refresher of the concept of value chain analysis can also be done through the case. It can also be used to teach innovation and technology management to understand the innovation process and the importance of various organizational factors for taking technology decisions.

Case overview
The case tries to bring together different aspects of technological innovation and technology strategy at North Delhi Power Ltd, Delhi which has taken various initiatives to turnaround the dilapidated power distribution industry in India. It details the various technological initiatives taken by the company to revamp the power distribution situation of the country. Discussion in the case also revolves around the technology decisions (technology strategy) taken by the company to drive the technological initiatives. The organizational culture supporting technology decisions and the technological initiatives are also woven into the case.

Expected learning outcomes
After a discussion on the case students will be in a better position to appreciate various decisions which firms take with respect to technology. They will get an understanding of what is technological innovation and about the technological innovation process. The importance of organizational factors to supplement technology decisions and innovation will be brought out in the case.

Supplementary materials
Teaching note.
Identification of the first germline HRPT2 whole‐gene deletion in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Domingues Rita , Tomaz Rute Alexandra , Martins Carmo , Nunes Carla , Bugalho Maria João , Cavaco Branca Maria 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjective  Germline mutations in the HRPT2 gene are associated with the hereditary hyperparathyroidism‐jaw tumour syndrome (HPT‐JT) and a subset of familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP). Somatic HRPT2 mutations are detected in sporadic parathyroid carcinomas and less frequently in cystic adenomas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying HRPT2 defect in a young patient with symptomatic hyperparathyroidism due to an apparently sporadic parathyroid adenoma with cystic features.Design and Methods  HRPT2 mutations in the patient’s genomic and parathyroid tumour DNA were screened by PCR‐based sequencing. Tumour loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the HRPT2 locus was assessed with microsatellite markers. A large germline HRPT2 deletion was investigated by real‐time quantitative PCR analysis (qPCR). Genomic DNA losses were also appraised by chromosomal comparative genomic hybridization (cCGH).Results  No germline HRPT2 point mutation was detected by direct sequencing. A novel hemizygous HRPT2 somatic mutation (c.32delA) was identified in the tumour. Apparent constitutional homozygosity for HRPT2 flanking microsatellite markers, and absence of LOH at a distal marker, suggested a large germline deletion. Gene dose mapping by qPCR unveiled a de novo deletion of the whole HRPT2 gene and adjacent loci (<9·3 Mb in size). cCGH confirmed germline DNA loss involving the HRPT2 locus.Conclusions  We report the first large germline deletion of the HRPT2 gene, which was not detectable by conventional PCR‐based sequencing methods. This finding emphasizes that qPCR should be implemented in HRPT2 molecular analysis, which may improve genetic assessment and clinical management of patients with FIHP and HPT‐JT.
Tolerance and induced resistance in a native and an exotic pine species: relevant traits for invasion ecology
Authors: Zas Rafael , Moreira Xoaquín , Sampedro Luis 
Published: July 2011

Summary1. Current hypotheses predict contrasting roles for natural enemies in determining the success or failure of plant invasions. Differences in plant‐induced resistance and tolerance to native herbivores between native and exotic species might contribute to resolve this controversy.2. We examined the differences between the native Pinus pinaster and the exotic P. radiata in constitutive resistance, inducibility of chemical defences, realized resistance and tolerance to the large pine weevil Hylobius abietis in NW Spain. In this region, both pine species closely coexist and are threatened by the weevil, a harmful phloem feeder that causes extensive mortality and growth reduction in young pine stands.3. We performed two in vitro cafeteria bioassays, two induction experiments with direct exposure to the weevil and spraying methyl jasmonate and an exhaustive field study of the genetic variation in tolerance and resistance in forestry genetic trials.4. The weevil significantly preferred the native to the exotic pine when twigs were offered as cut material in Petri dishes. However, the pattern in the field was the opposite, with greater damage on the exotic. Inducibility of stem oleoresin did not differ between species when elicited by the application of methyl jasmonate. However, after a 72‐h experimental exposure to the weevil, stem resin content in the native pine was double that in the exotic pine, suggesting a lower capability of the exotic pine to respond to the insect damage. In the field, family relationships between early damage and several pine fitness correlates revealed a significantly greater tolerance of the native pine to the insect damage. Furthermore, only the native pine showed genetic variation in tolerance to the damage.5. Synthesis. The preference of the herbivore for the native species was counterbalanced by a lower capability for expressing induced resistance to the weevil and reduced tolerance in the exotic species, resulting in no apparent fitness advantage of the exotic P. radiata over the native P. pinaster. Differences in inducibility by and tolerance to native enemies between exotic and native host congeners emerge as key traits for understanding how native enemies might contribute to preventing an introduced species from becoming invasive.
Neural correlates of craving and resisting craving for tobacco in nicotine dependent smokers
Authors: Hartwell Karen J. , Johnson Kevin A. , Li Xingbao , Myrick Hugh , LeMatty Todd , George Mark S. , Brady Kathleen T. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTCraving is a significant factor which can lead to relapse during smoking quit attempts. Attempts to resist urges to smoke during cue‐elicited craving have been shown to activate regions in the brain associated with decision‐making, anxiety regulation and visual processing. In this study, 32 treatment‐seeking, nicotine‐dependent smokers viewed blocks of smoking and neutral cues alternating with rest periods during magnetic resonance imaging scanning in a 3T Siemens scanner (Siemens AG, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany). While viewing cues or control images, participants were instructed either to ‘allow yourself to crave’ or ‘resist craving.’ Data were analyzed with FSL 4.1.5, focused on the smoking cues versus neutral cues contrast, using cluster thresholding (Z > 2.3 and corrected cluster threshold of P = 0.05) at the individual and group levels. During the Crave condition, activation was seen on the left anterior cingulated cortex (LACC), medial prefrontal cortex, left middle cingulate gyrus, bilateral posterior cingulated gyrus and bilateral precuneus, areas associated with attention, decision‐making and episodic memory. The LACC and areas of the prefrontal cortex associated with higher executive functioning were activated during the Resist condition. No clear distinctions between group crave and resist analyses as a whole were seen without taking into account specific strategies used to resist the urge to smoke, supporting the idea that craving is associated with some degree of resisting the urge to smoke, and trying to resist is almost always accompanied by some degree of craving. Different strategies for resisting, such as distraction, activated different regions. Understanding the underlying neurobiology of resisting craving to smoke may identify new foci for treatments.
(–)‐2‐oxa‐4‐aminobicylco[3.1.0]hexane‐4,6‐dicarboxylic acid (LY379268) and 3‐[(2‐methyl‐1,3‐thiazol‐4‐yl)ethynyl]piperidine (MTEP) similarly attenuate stress‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking
Authors: Martin‐Fardon Rémi , Weiss Friedbert 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTMetabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been implicated in the regulation of anxiety, stress responses and the neurobehavioral effects of psychostimulants. The present study was designed to examine whether antagonizing mGluR5 or activating mGluR2/3 prevents stress‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Male Wistar rats were trained to self‐administer cocaine and then subjected to daily extinction training for 2 weeks. Subsequent exposure to 15 minutes of intermittent footshock elicited robust reinstatement of responding at the previously active lever. Both the selective mGluR5 antagonist 3‐[(2‐methyl‐1,3‐thiazol‐4‐yl)ethynyl]piperidine (MTEP) (0–3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and the selective mGluR2/3 agonist (–)‐2‐oxa‐4‐aminobicylco[3.1.0]hexane‐4,6‐dicarboxylic acid (LY379268) (0–3 mg/kg, subcutaneously) prevented cocaine seeking induced by footshock stress following the same dose‐response function. The data show that although mGluR2/3 and mGluR5 are differentially located on synaptic compartments, both LY379268 and MTEP produced the same behavioral effects in reducing stress‐induced reinstatement. These results are important because they demonstrate that a reduction in glutamate‐mediated neural excitability (albeit via different mechanisms of action) reverses footshock‐induced reinstatement and suggest that pharmacological manipulations of mGluR2/3 and mGluR5 can prevent the effects of stress, a major precipitating factor for relapse. These findings further confirm that mGluR2/3 or mGluR5 are promising targets for relapse prevention.
Prostate cancer detection by prebiopsy 3.0‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Nishida Sachiyo , Kinoshita Hidefumi , Mishima Takao , Kurokawa Hiroaki , Sakaida Noriko , Matsuda Tadashi 
Published: July 2011

Objectives:  The diagnostic value of 3.0‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prostate cancer remains to be determined. The aim of the present study was to assess the features of prostate cancer detectable by prebiopsy 3.0‐Tesla MRI.Methods:  From January 2007 through to December 2008, 116 patients who were examined by prebiopsy 3.0‐Tesla MRI underwent radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. Prostate specimens were examined to see whether the largest cancer area was the same as the area indicated on the MRI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify variables predictive of agreement between MRI and histopathological findings.Results:  Sixty‐six (56.9%) patients were suspected of having prostate cancer on the basis of MRI findings. In 49 of these patients (74.2%), it was considered that there was agreement between the abnormal area on the MRI and the index tumor. Univariate analysis revealed that there were significant differences in abnormal digital rectal examination, capsular penetration, the diameter of the index tumor of the radical prostatectomy specimen, and the Gleason scores of the biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens. Multivariate analysis revealed that the Gleason score of the radical prostatectomy specimen was associated with the accurate detection of the prostate cancer by MRI (P = 0.0177).Conclusions:  In conclusion, 3.0‐Tesla MRI tends to accurately diagnose prostate cancer with high tumor burden and aggressiveness. Multimodal examination (T2‐weighted imaging, dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging, and diffusion‐weighted imaging) is recommended for the diagnosis of prostate cancer using 3.0‐Tesla MRI.
Prenatal diagnosis of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease by molecular genetic analysis
Authors: Jang Dong Gyu , Chae Hyojin , Shin Jong Chul , Park In Yang , Kim Myungshin , Kim Yonggoo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA 27‐year‐old primigravida was referred for evaluation of severe oligohydramnios at 22 weeks of gestation. For a more accurate diagnosis and detection of other fetal anomalies, complementary fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. Findings of fetal MRI evaluation were consistent with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Parental mutation analysis in thePKHD1gene was performed. ByPKHD1mutation analysis, we were able to identify a heterozygous missense mutation in exon 20 (K626R) in the father. Molecular genetic analysis can be helpful for an early and reliable prenatal diagnosis of ARPKD. Herein, we present a case of ARPKD that was diagnosed at 22 weeks of gestation by ultrasonographic examination and MRI and verified byPKHD1mutation analysis and array‐based genetic deletion analysis.