bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfaith Relations in the United States: Toward a Multilevel Community Psychology Approach
Authors: McCormack Mark M. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTInterest in religion within the field of community psychology has steadily emerged within the last three decades. This interest has focused almost exclusively on the social benefits of religion, glossing over the often‐contentious nature of religious life and the ways in which religious individuals and institutions can disrupt healthy human and community development. Considering the recent surge of interfaith conflicts and discriminatory practices targeting religious minorities in communities across the United States, it is imperative that community psychologists begin to examine relevant trends in interfaith relations and potential directions for action research and intervention. This paper serves as the beginning point of just such an examination, proposing a multilevel model for addressing the microsystemic, mesosystemic, and macrosystemic levels of interfaith phenomena. More specifically, I present interfaith contact, congregation‐based community partnerships, and theological belief systems as particularly relevant to interfaith community research and intervention. Finally, I detail an interfaith organization that embodies these dimensions of interfaith relations and provides a concrete example of how a multilevel action research model may be effectively employed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Mixing System Design and Operating Parameters on Dissolution Process
Authors: Andre C. , Richard B. , Le Page J.‐F. , Jeantet R. , Delaplace G. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractOver recent years, the solid dissolution rate in liquid has been the subject of intense and profitable scientific developments. This work aims to study the influence of hydrodynamics on the dissolution rate of solid in water. The impact of the mixing system design was also investigated. The dissolution process can be followed through several parameters. First, experimental results were validated by kinetic models based on mass transfer coefficients such as the Hixson‐Crowell equation. The Weibull model and n‐order model were also tested. Then, the dissolution time td,x% was defined as the time needed to reach a given dissolution degree (X). Finally, the dimensionless dissolution number (N td) was defined and correlated with the Reynolds number. This correlation provides a more direct and simple link between operating conditions and process efficiency.
An Amidinate‐Stabilized Germatrisilacyclobutadiene Ylide
Authors: Yeong Hui‐Xian , Zhang Shu‐Hua , Xi Hong‐Wei , Guo Jing‐Dong , Lim Kok Hwa , Nagase Shigeru , So Cheuk‐Wai 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of new amidinate‐stabilized germatrisilacyclobutadiene ylides [L3Si3GeL′] (L=PhC(NtBu)2; L′=ËL; Ë=Ge (3), Si (7)) are described. Compound 3 was prepared by the reaction of [LSiSiL] (1) with one equivalent of [LGeGeL] (2) in THF. Compound 7 was synthesized by the reaction of 2 with excess 1 in THF. The bisamidinate germylene [L2Ge:] (4) is a by‐product in both reactions. Moreover, compound 7 was prepared by the reaction of 3 with one equivalent of 1 in THF. Compounds 3 and 7 have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, and theoretical studies. The results show that compounds 3 and 7 are not antiaromatic. The puckered Si3Ge four‐membered rings in 3 and 7 have a ylide structure, which is stabilized by amidinate ligands and the electron delocalization within the Si3Ge four‐membered ring.
Analysis of carvedilol enantiomers in human plasma using chiral stationary phase column and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Poggi Josiane Cristófani , Da Silva Flávia Garcez , Coelho Eduardo Barbosa , Marques Maria Paula , Bertucci Carlo , Lanchote Vera Lucia 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCarvedilol is an antihypertensive drug available as a racemic mixture. (−)‐(S)‐carvedilol is responsible for the nonselective β‐blocker activity but both enantiomers present similar activity on α1‐adrenergic receptor. To our knowledge, this is the first study of carvedilol enantiomers in human plasma using a chiral stationary phase column and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The method involves plasma extraction with diisopropyl ether using metoprolol as internal standard and direct separation of the carvedilol enantiomers on a Chirobiotic T® (Teicoplanin) column. Protonated ions [M + H]+ and their respective ion products were monitored at transitions of 407 > 100 for the carvedilol enantiomers and 268 > 116 for the internal standard. The quantification limit was 0.2 ng ml−1 for both enantiomers in plasma. The method was applied to study enantioselectivity in the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol administered as a single dose of 25 mg to a hypertensive patient. The results showed a higher plasma concentration of (+)‐(R)‐carvedilol (AUC0–∞ 205.52 vs. 82.61 (ng h) ml−1), with an enantiomer ratio of 2.48. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing Trade‐Offs in Investments for the Environment – The Case of a VOC‐Reduction Investment at AUTO Group
Authors: Hahn Tobias , Figge Frank , Liesen Andrea 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThis case focuses on the assessment of trade‐offs between different environmental features of investments. Using the example of a VOC‐reduction investment at a car maker, the case applies an innovative approach for the assessment of environmental investment projects. Since it is unusual that all environmental performance characteristics of investment projects will be in harmony, decision‐makers need to ascertain the overall environmental effect of different investments. This case transfers the logic of financial investment appraisal to the environmental assessment of investment projects. The analysis shows, in monetary terms, by how much each investment option outpeforms or underperforms environmental efficiency targets. With monetary figures, decision‐makers can balance conflicting environmental performances and identify the investment option that supports a company's environmental strategy best. The case provides a step‐by‐step explanation of the assessment approach and offers students and decision makers a novel perspective on the assessment of trade‐offs in environmental investments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Dual roles of the chemorepellent axon guidance molecule RGMa in establishing pioneering axon tracts and neural fate decisions in embryonic vertebrate forebrain
Authors: Lah Grace J. , Key Brian 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRepulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored plasma membrane protein that was originally identified based on its chemorepulsive activity during axon navigation in the developing nervous system. Knock down of RGMa has previously shown to perturb axon navigation in the developing Xenopus forebrain (Wilson and Key, 2006). In order to further understand the in vivo role of RGMa in axon guidance, we have adopted an in vivo gain‐of‐function approach. RGMa was mosaically overexpressed in the developing Xenopus embryo by the injection of mRNA into single blastomeres. Ectopic expression of RGMa affected the morphology and the topography of developing axon tracts in vivo. Pioneer axons misrouted or aberrantly projected in response to ectopic RGMa in the developing Xenopus forebrain, confirming the in vivo chemorepulsive activity of this ligand. In addition, we show here for the first time that overexpression of RGMa acts cell‐autonomously to generate ectopic neurons in the developing embryonic brain. Taken together, the current study reveals a pleiotropic role of RGMa in early vertebrate embryonic brain in the spatial organization of axon tracts, pioneer axon guidance, and neural cell differentiation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2012
Visual body perception in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Urgesi Cosimo , Fornasari Livia , Perini Laura , Canalaz Francesca , Cremaschi Silvana , Faleschini Laura , Balestrieri Matteo , Fabbro Franco , Aglioti Salvatore Maria , Brambilla Paolo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjective:Disturbance of body perception is a central aspect of anorexia nervosa (AN) and several neuroimaging studies have documented structural and functional alterations of occipito‐temporal cortices involved in visual body processing. However, it is unclear whether these perceptual deficits involve more basic aspects of others' body perception.Method:A consecutive sample of 15 adolescent patients with AN were compared with a group of 15 age‐ and gender‐matched controls in delayed matching to sample tasks requiring the visual discrimination of the form or of the action of others' body.Results:Patients showed better visual discrimination performance than controls in detail‐based processing of body forms but not of body actions, which positively correlated with their increased tendency to convert a signal of punishment into a signal of reinforcement (higher persistence scores).Discussion:The paradoxical advantage of patients with AN in detail‐based body processing may be associated to their tendency to routinely explore body parts as a consequence of their obsessive worries about body appearance. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Testing bedload transport equations with consideration of time scales
Authors: Recking Alain , Liébault Frédéric , Peteuil Christophe , Jolimet Thomas 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTBedload transport is known to be a highly fluctuating temporal phenomenon, even under constant (mean) flow conditions, as a consequence of stochasticity, bedform migration, grain sorting, hysteresis, or sediment supply limitation. Because bedload transport formulas usually refer to a single mean transport value for a given flow condition, one can expect that prediction accuracy (when compared to measurements) will depend on the amplitude and duration of fluctuations, which in turn depend on the time scale used for observations. This paper aims to identify how the time scale considered can affect bedload prediction. This was done by testing 16 common bedload transport formulas with four data sets corresponding to different measurement period durations: (i) highly fluctuating (quasi‐)instantaneous field measurements; (ii) volumes accumulated at the event scale on two small alpine gravel‐bed rivers, potentially affected by seasonal fluctuations; (iii) volumes accumulated at the interannual scale in a meandering gravel bed river, thought to be weakly subject to fluctuations; (iv) time‐integrated flume measurements with nearly uniform sediments. The tests confirmed that the longer the measurement period, the better the precision of the formula's prediction interval. They also demonstrate several consequential limitations. Most threshold formulas are no longer valid when the flow condition is below two times the threshold condition for the largest elements' motion on the bed surface (considering D84). In such conditions, equations either predict zero transport, or largely overestimate the real transport, especially when D84 is high. There is a need for new sediment data collected with highly reliable techniques such as recording slot bedload samplers to further investigate this topic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Predictive Content of Autoregression Residuals: A Semiparametric, Copula‐Based Approach to Time Series Prediction
Authors: Herwartz Helmut 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes an adjustment of linear autoregressive conditional mean forecasts that exploits the predictive content of uncorrelated model residuals. The adjustment is motivated by non‐Gaussian characteristics of model residuals, and implemented in a semiparametric fashion by means of conditional moments of simulated bivariate distributions. A pseudoex anteforecasting comparison is conducted for a set of 494 macroeconomic time series recently collected by Deeset al.(Journal of Applied Econometrics2007;22: 1–38). In total, 10,374 time series realizations are contrasted against competing short‐, medium‐ and longer‐term purely autoregressive and adjusted predictors. With regard to all forecast horizons, the adjusted predictions consistently outperform conditionally Gaussian forecasts according to cross‐sectional mean group evaluation of absolute forecast errors and directional accuracy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nuclear factor‐κB activation in schwann cells regulates regeneration and remyelination
Authors: Morton Paul D. , Johnstone Joshua T. , Ramos Angel Y. , Liebl Daniel J. , Bunge Mary Bartlett , Bethea John R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSchwann cells (SCs) are crucial for peripheral nerve development and regeneration; however, the intrinsic regulatory mechanisms governing postinjury responses are poorly understood. Activation and deacetylation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐ κB) in SCs have been implicated as prerequisites for peripheral nerve myelination. Using GFAP‐IκBα‐dn mice in which NF‐ κB transcriptional activation is inhibited in SCs, we found no discernable differences in the quantity or structure of myelinated axons in adult facial nerves. Following crush injury, axonal regeneration was impaired at 31 days and significantly enhanced at 65 days in transgenic animals. Compact remyelination and Remak bundle organization were significantly compromised at 31 days and restored by 65 days post injury. Together, these data indicate that inhibition of NF‐κB activation in SCs transiently delays axonal regeneration and compact remyelination. Manipulating the temporal activation of nuclear factor‐κB in Schwann cells may offer new therapeutic avenues for PNS and CNS regeneration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A mathematical model for release of biologics from porous hollow fibers
Authors: Tengood Jillian E. , Maskarinec Daniel , Ridenour Ryan , Little Steven R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe application of porous hollow fibers has recently been extended to the controlled release of biologics such as protein growth factors and lipid angiogenesis promoters. Release of these materials tends to occur more rapidly than would be predicted by conventional diffusion‐based models of controlled release. Analysis of other modalities of transport as well as structural analysis of the controlled release system itself was performed to provide insight into the observed controlled release behavior from such systems. Specifically, it was discovered that osmotic‐driven processes play a significant role in controlled release of proteins including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). It was also found that the fiber pore microstructure and (more importantly) macrostructure influences release behavior. Model‐guided design was implemented to adjust the physical properties of the fiber wall, leading to a release system that is better able to sustain the delivery of VEGF. This model may be used to more easily achieve a desired complex release behavior when used in combination with external regulation of the reservoir. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
In vivo NIR imaging with PbS quantum dots entrapped in biodegradable micelles
Authors: Cao Jie , Zhu Hongyan , Deng Dawei , Xue Bing , Tang Liping , Mahounga Didel , Qian Zhiyu , Gu Yueqing 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this article, we firstly synthesized oil‐soluble PbS quantum dots (QDs) emitting in the near‐infrared (NIR) spectral range through a two‐phase method, which exhibit a conveniently tunable photoluminescence (PL) emission (from ∼750 to 872 nm) with a narrow PL bandwidth, as well as a high (up to 40%) PL quantum yield (QY). Next, the as‐prepared oil‐soluble NIR PbS QDs were applied to the in vivo imaging of tumors by entrapping in biodegradable micelles (N‐succinyl‐N′‐octyl nanomicelles, SOC) which had hydrophobic inner cores. Transmission electron microscope results show well dispersed spherical shaped QDs‐loaded SOC micelles with 100 nm diameter. The QY of PbS QDs entrapped into SOC has no significant change compared to free QDs. Besides, both in vitro and in vivo acute toxicity results demonstrated that the QDs‐loaded micelles have low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, in vivo imaging of PbS QDs‐loaded SOC injected intravenously into tumor‐bearing nude mice showed the NIR QDs‐loaded micelles can accumulate in the tumor tissue due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect of SOC micelles. These results confirm that the as‐prepared PbS QDs could be used as fluorescence probes to study the biodistribution of nanocarriers and their intracellular pathways, as well as their passive targeted behavior to tumors in preclinical research. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
Neddylation positively regulates the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of parkin
Authors: Um Ji Won , Han Kyung Ah , Im Eunju , Oh Yohan , Lee Kyule , Chung Kwang Chul 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMutations in the parkin gene underlie a familial form of Parkinson's disease known as autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinsonism (AR‐JP). Dysfunction of parkin, a ubiquitin E3 ligase, has been implicated in the accumulation of ubiquitin proteasome system‐destined substrates and eventually leads to cell death. However, regulation of parkin enzymatic activity is incompletely understood. Here we investigated whether the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of parkin could be regulated by neddylation. We found that parkin could be a target of covalent modification with NEDD8, a ubiquitin‐like posttranslational modifier. In addition, NEDD8 attachment caused an increase of parkin activity through the increased binding affinity for ubiquitin‐conjugating E2 enzyme as well as the enhanced formation of the complex containing parkin and substrates. These findings point to the functional importance of NEDD8 and suggest that neddylation is one to the diverse modes of parkin regulation, potentially linking it to the pathogenesis of AR‐JP. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deformation damages in forest topsoils—An assessment based on Level‐I soil monitoring data from Baden‐Württemberg (SW Germany)
Authors: Schäffer Jürgen , Buberl Hermann , von Wilpert Klaus 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAcidification and eutrophication of soils had been the main activators for the implementation of forest soil monitoring in Central Europe. Thus, field and lab studies focused on gathering information that is essential for the evaluation of the chemical status and its trend. A systematic assessment of soil physical threats caused by machine use in forests has not been integrated yet into the soil‐monitoring systems. In this study, a first approach to get a deeper insight into structure damages of forest topsoils was derived for 302 systematically distributed grid points in the Federal State of Baden‐Württemberg (SW Germany) during the nation‐wide soil survey performed from 2006 to 2008. We derived an approach to assess structure damage based on a key system using field information on structural and hydromorphic topsoil properties. It covers eight satellites surrounding the central monitoring soil pit at each grid point. Our survey focused on the mere stand area excluding visible damage and systematic skid trails. Analysis of structure‐damage intensity and spatial distribution leads to the conclusion that damage caused by vehicle traffic off the skid trails is a wide‐spread phenomena in Baden‐Württemberg forests, where wheeling is not restricted by steepness of terrain. Although regulations to control machine use recommending vehicle traffic to skid trails and fortified roads have been in place since the early 1980s, soil‐structure damages off these trails have reached significant levels. In the future, it will thus be indispensable to put more emphasis on the importance of soil‐protection aims in the ranking of the economic objectives of forest organizations and forest owners.
Evaluation of a local regression kriging approach for mapping apparent electrical conductivity of soil (ECa) at high resolution
Authors: Sun Wei , Whelan Brett M. , Minasny Budiman , McBratney Alex B. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractApparent electrical conductivity of soil (ECa) is a property frequently used as a diagnostic tool in precision agriculture, and is measured using vehicle‐mounted proximal sensors. Crop‐yield data, which is measured by harvester‐mounted sensors, is usually collected at a higher spatial density compared to ECa. ECa and crop‐yield maps frequently exhibit similar spatial patterns because ECa is primarily controlled by the soil clay content and the interrelated soil moisture content, which are often significant contributors to crop‐yield potential. By quantifying the spatial relationship between soil ECa and crop yield, it is possible to estimate the value of ECa at the spatial resolution of the crop‐yield data. This is achieved through the use of a local regression kriging approach which uses the higher‐resolution crop‐yield data as a covariate to predict ECa at a higher spatial resolution than would be prudent with the original ECa data alone. The accuracy of the local regression kriging (LRK) method is evaluated against local kriging (LK) and local regression (LR) to predict ECa. The results indicate that the performance of LRK is dependent on the performance of the inherent local regression. Over a range of ECa transect survey densities, LRK provides greater accuracy than LK and LR, except at very low density. Maps of the regression coefficients demonstrated that the relationship between ECa and crop yield varies from year to year, and across a field. The application of LRK to commercial scale ECa survey data, using crop yield as a covariate, should improve the accuracy of the resultant maps. This has implications for employing the maps in crop‐management decisions and building more robust calibrations between field‐gathered soil ECa and primary soil properties such as clay content.
Physical properties of a Luvisol for different long‐term fertilization treatments: II. Microscale behavior and its relation to the mesoscale
Authors: Holthusen Dörthe , Jänicke Markus , Peth Stephan , Horn Rainer 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe determined the impact of different fertilization, namely organic vs. mineral fertilization, on the mesoscale parameter cyclic compressibility as well as on rheology of soil samples as a microscale parameter and how these parameters are related. Therefore, undisturbed samples were taken from a long‐term fertilization trial at the Dikop farm near Bonn (Germany) and tested for their mechanical and hydraulic properties. This paper examines the sensitivity of the soil towards cyclic loading (mesoscale) and oscillatory shearing at the microscale by means of an amplitude sweep test and the resulting parameter maximum shear stress. Fertilization increased cyclic compressibility and thus revealed structural weakness of fertilized soil samples, so did shear stress at the microscale. The main reason for this was a decrease in bulk density in the wake of fertilization. However, within the range of fertilized soil samples, the soil structure became less susceptible towards cyclic loading and oscillatory shearing, respectively, the more organic matter the soil contained (equivalent to the fertilization level). This was assumedly caused by enhanced cementation due to organic substances that could partly substitute the direct grain–grain contacts generally contributing to soil strength. The similar behavior of cyclic compressibility and maximum shear stress enabled a first approach to relate soil mechanical parameters at the microscale to those at the mesoscale.