bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Patterns of Alcohol Consumption and Health‐Risk Behaviors Among High School Students in Thailand
Authors: Assanangkornchai Sawitri , Mukthong Anocha , Intanont Tanomsri 
Published: September 2009

Background:  Underage drinking is a significant social and public health problem in Thailand. We report the prevalence and patterns of alcohol consumption and associated health‐risk behaviors using data from a 2007–2008 national school survey.Method: A cross‐sectional survey using a self‐administered questionnaire was conducted among 50,033 high school and vocational college students from 201 schools in 40 provinces between December 2007 and February 2008.Results: The prevalence rates of past‐year drinking, past‐30‐day binge drinking, and drinking until intoxication were 25.5, 9.5, and 17.3% in boys and 14.5, 3.7, and 7.2% in girls, respectively. Higher school levels, lower grades, living with someone other than their own parents, and having family members with substance or alcohol problems were significantly associated with all kinds of drinking. Binge drinkers were significantly more likely to have drinking consequences, e.g., driving after drinking, nausea and vomiting, and having a hangover than were nonbinge drinkers. The rates of other behavior and emotional problems were 2.5 to 6.7 times as likely in drinkers as nondrinkers, including smoking (35.1% vs. 4.9%), prescription drug misuse (17.7% vs. 6.7%), illicit substance use (17.8% vs. 2.4%), carrying a weapon (6.5% vs. 1.8%), feeling depressed (23.2% vs. 10.9%), suicidal attempt (10.5% vs. 3.8%), and sexual intercourse (30.5% vs. 5.7%).Conclusion: Alcohol consumption is a serious problem among adolescents in Thailand and is strongly associated with various health‐risk behaviors. Effective age‐ and gender‐specific interventions should be implemented to discourage underage drinking and associated adverse health and social consequences.
The Mammalian Circadian Clock Exhibits Acute Tolerance to Ethanol
Authors: Prosser Rebecca A. , Glass J. David 
Published: September 2009

Background: Tolerance to ethanol is observed over a variety of time courses, from minutes to days. Acute tolerance, which develops over 5 to 60 minutes, has been observed for both behavioral and neurophysiological variables and may involve changes in signaling through NMDA, GABA, or other receptors. Previous work has shown that both acute and chronic ethanol treatments modulate photic and nonphotic phase resetting of the mammalian circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Although not specifically tested, the data thus far do not point to the development of chronic tolerance to the modulatory effects of ethanol. Here we investigated whether acute tolerance the ethanol occurs with respect to in vitro phase modulation of the SCN clock.Methods: Mouse brain slices containing the SCN were pretreated with ethanol for varying lengths of time, followed by treatment concurrent with either glutamate or the serotonin agonist, 8‐hydroxy‐DPAT (DPAT). The phase of the SCN circadian clock was assessed the following day through extracellular recordings of SCN neuronal activity. SCN neuronal activity normally peaks during mid‐day, and this rhythm can be shifted by treatment with either glutamate or DPAT.Results: While concurrent treatment of SCN‐containing brain slices with ethanol and glutamate blocks glutamate‐induced phase delays of the SCN clock, pretreating the slices with ethanol for ≥15 minutes prevents this inhibition. Likewise, while concurrent treatment with ethanol and DPAT enhances DPAT‐induced phase advances of the SCN clock, pretreating the slices with ethanol for ≥30 minutes prevents this enhancement.Conclusions: Both the inhibiting and enhancing effects of ethanol on in vitro SCN clock phase resetting show acute tolerance. Additional experiments are needed to determine whether more slowly developing forms of tolerance also occur with respect to the SCN circadian clock.
Findings and Risk Factors of Early Mortality of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Different Cohorts of Elderly Patients
Authors: Hu Kuang‐Chun , Chang Wen‐Hsiung , Chu Cheng‐Hsin , Wang Horng‐Yuan , Lin Shee‐Chan , Wang Tsang‐En , Shih Shou‐Chuan 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVES: To analyze experience of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with of different age cohorts and discuss the risk factors of early mortality after ERCP.DESIGN: Retrospective study.SETTING: Tertiary care medical center.PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred sixty‐four patients with pancreatobiliary diseases divided into cohorts according to decades as young‐old (YO, 65–74, n=143), old‐old (OO, 75–84, n=88), and very‐old (VO, ≥85, n=33).MEASUREMENTS: The indications, results, and complications of ERCP in these three groups were demonstrated and compared.RESULTS: Three hundred three ERCP procedures were performed. The leading indication for ERCP was common bile duct (CBD) obstruction or dilation. Diabetes mellitus was significantly more prevalent in the YO group (39.2%) than in the other two groups (OO, 15.9%; VO, 24.2%; P=.001). The most common finding of ERCP was CBD dilatation. There was no difference in incidence of malignant diseases between the three groups. Acute pancreatitis was the most frequently identified post‐ERCP complication. There was no significant difference in early mortality between the three cohorts. Patients with malignancy had higher early mortality than those with benign disease (71.4% vs 11.2%; P=.001).CONCLUSION: The findings and incidences of complication of ERCP in different elderly cohorts were similar. Underlying malignancy seemed to bear some relation to early mortality after the ERCP procedure.
A Journey Through Ashes: One Woman's Story of Surviving Domestic Violence
Authors: HEARNS MAUREEN C. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTThis is the story of Lisa1—a woman like so many others who has been abused—and of her healing journey using music and creative arts experiences. It is also a story about how music, song, poetry, art, and dance awakened her to a new consciousness and provided the necessary empowerment she needed in order to reclaim the woman she had been before experiencing the trauma of abuse. While the question of how utilization of music and the creative arts encourages personal transformation and healing is also deserving of a theoretical exploration, in this article I have chosen to foreground Lisa's story as narrative, in order to also engage the reader with the transformative potential of empowerment that comes through listening. I have chosen an approach that foregrounds Lisa's experience over theory explicitly, for, it is with the process of “finding voice” and of engaging the listener in that process, that transformation of consciousness and empowerment occurs.
Husserlian Meditations and Anthropological Reflections: Toward a Cultural Neurophenomenology of Experience and Reality
Authors: LAUGHLIN CHARLES D. , THROOP C. JASON 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTMost of us would agree that the world of our experience is different than the extramental reality of which we are a part. Indeed, the evidence pertaining to cultural cosmologies around the globe suggests that virtually all peoples recognize this distinction—hence the focus upon the “hidden” forces behind everyday events. That said, the struggle to comprehend the relationship between our consciousness and reality, even the reality of ourselves, has led to controversy and debate for centuries in Western philosophy. In this article, we address this problem from an anthropological perspective and argue that the generative route to a solution of the experience–reality “gap” is by way of an anthropologically informedcultural neurophenomenology. By this we mean a perspective and methodology that applies a phenomenology that controls for cultural variation in perception and interpretation, coupled with the latest information from the neurosciences about how the organ of experience—the brain—is structured.
Construction of an Aboriginal Theory of Mind and Mental Health1
Authors: Mehl‐Madrona Lewis , Pennycook Gordon 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTMost research on aboriginal mind and mental health has sought to apply or confirm preexisting European‐derived theories among aboriginal people. Culture has been underappreciate. An understanding of uniquely aboriginal models for mind and mental health might lead to more effective and robust interventions. To address this issue, a core group of elders from five separate regions of North America was developed to help determine how aboriginal people conceived of mind, self, and identity before European contact. The process utilized for this study is iterative and involves discussions of teachings, traditional stories, and elder's comments on conclusions drawn. The elders endorsed a relational theory of mind in which mind exists between people as a product of the stories told and created within and by that relationship. Mind is distinguished from consciousness which is without language and exists within the individual as awareness. Language immediately results in an “out there” orientation in which two or more individuals generate stories about their experiences. The community is the basic unit of study for mind and mental health, and mental “illness” is not distinguished from physical “illness,” but rather all are seen as a continuum of suffering and pain. What emerged from this research is that North American theories of mind are more closely related to Daoist and Shinto theories than to the logical positivism which drives most of North America's conventional psychology and psychiatry. Within European traditions, however, the philosophy of Mikhail Bakhtin with his emphasis on a dialogical self coupled with system theory comes closest to resembling North American aboriginal theories. This model explains why ceremony and ritual, community interventions, talking circles (including AA and the Wellbriety Movement), and family therapy are more compatible with aboriginal thought than conventional North American biomedicine and psychology.
Superparasitism and host size effects inOomyzus sokolowskii, a parasitoid of diamondback moth
Authors: Silva‐Torres Christian S. A. , Ramos Filho Izeudo T. , Torres Jorge B. , Barros Reginaldo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMany aspects of a parasitoid’s biology may be affected by its host. Host size, for example, could affect parasitoid fitness, especially in gregarious parasitoids, in which the resource is used by multiple siblings.Oomyzus sokolowskii(Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a gregarious larval–pupal endoparasitoid of the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostellaL. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), a major pest of crucifers worldwide, and is able to superparasitize the host. This study focuses on the hypothesis that because resource availability is higher in larger hosts, parasitoids developing in larger hosts will fare better. However, superparasitized hosts are expected to yield larger numbers of parasitoid offspring of smaller body size. Results showed that superparasitism increased the number of parasitoid offspring produced per host and increased offspring longevity, but decreased offspring body size. However, developmental time and sex ratio of parasitoid offspring was similar among hosts parasitized once, twice, or three times. Regardless of superparasitism, parasitoids emerging from larger hosts that were fed honey solution lived longer than similarly fed progeny from smaller hosts (36.4 vs. 22.1 days). The results partially support the hypothesis thatOomyzusgained fitness from an increase in host size; moreover, superparasitism seems advantageous forOomyzusdue to increased offspring numbers and longevity.
Oviposition deterrence in spring wheat, Triticum aestivum, against orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana: implications for inheritance of deterrence
Authors: Gharalari A. H. , Fox S. L. , Smith M. A. H. , Lamb R. J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSome spring wheat lines are known to be antixenotic to ovipositing orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). The genetic basis of antixenosis, expressed in the plant as oviposition deterrence to S. mosellana, was explored using a population of 92 doubled‐haploid wheat lines from a cross between a susceptible parent and a deterrent parent which also had antibiosis resistance. Wheat midge egg densities on wheat spikes were obtained from a standardized laboratory cage test and from the field in 2006 and 2007. Compared to the susceptible parent, egg densities on 55–88% of the lines were reduced by more than half in the laboratory and both years in the field. Twenty‐five of the 92 lines were consistently at least as deterrent as the deterrent parent in all three environments. Frequency distribution of egg densities compared to the parents indicated that deterrence was conferred by more than one gene, with complementary interaction among genes. Heritability of deterrence was estimated at 67%, showing that environment had a substantial effect on the phenotypic expression of the trait. Consistently deterrent lines had a larger proportion of eggs laid on the rachis compared to the other lines in all environments, suggesting that the presence of deterrence affects where on the spikelet the females lay their eggs. There was no evidence for linkage between deterrence genes and the antibiosis gene, Sm1. Oviposition deterrence is a promising means for suppressing wheat midge oviposition in commercial wheat crops; however, the multigenic nature of oviposition deterrence in wheat to S. mosellana and the influence of environment on its expression will provide challenges for incorporating this trait into wheat breeding programs.
Simulated crop rotation systems control swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii
Authors: Chen Mao , Li Weiwei , Shelton Anthony M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a common insect pest in Europe and a new invasive pest in North America, causes severe damage to cruciferous crops. Many counties in Canada and the USA, in which C. nasturtii has not been previously reported, are at risk of being infested by C. nasturtii. Effectiveness of chemical control is limited, especially under high population pressure in fields. Alternative management strategies against C. nasturtii are sorely needed in order to protect crucifers. Under controlled laboratory conditions, the effectiveness on C. nasturtii control by 11 simulated cauliflower‐sweet corn and cauliflower‐kidney bean crop rotation systems was evaluated, with and without the presence of cruciferous weeds as alternative hosts. Our results indicated that when soil was infested with C. nasturtii pupae, the emergence pattern from the soil was very similar regardless whether the soil was later planted to host or non‐host plants. As emergence was not affected, we examined whether manipulating host availability for oviposition through crop rotation would be effective. Our results indicated that the simulated cauliflower‐sweet corn and cauliflower‐kidney bean rotation systems provided full control of C. nasturtii. The effectiveness of one cycle of non‐host crop rotation was reduced when cruciferous weeds were present. However, the C. nasturtii population in a one‐cycle non‐host rotation system with cruciferous weeds present was significantly lower than that in a non‐rotation system. Two consecutive cycles (simulating a cropping season) of non‐host plant crop rotations provided full control of C. nasturtii, regardless of the presence of the cruciferous weeds. The importance of cruciferous weed management and how to implement a successful crop rotation in fields to control C. nasturtii are discussed.
Evaluation of volumetry and density of mandibular symphysis bone grafts by three‐dimensional computed tomography
Authors: Yavuz Muhammed Selim , Buyukkurt Mustafa Cemil , Tozoglu Sinan , Dagsuyu İlhan Metin , Kantarci Mecit 
Published: September 2009

Abstract –  Purpose:  Bone grafting before implant placing can improve the treatment in traumatized or regular implant patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the density and maximum amount of harvestable bone graft in the mandibular symphysis.Materials and methods:  Data from 15 CT‐scans were obtained from 15 adult patients (10 male/five female) for the purposes of this study. The CT data, in DICOM format, were read into Mimics software from Materialize (Leuven, Belgium), with a slice thickness of 0.5 mm. The volume, density, and dimensions based on Hounsfield units (HU) were measured on the 3D symphyseal bone graft using Mimics software.Results:  The average bone volume calculated from the mandibular symphysis was 3491.08 ± 772.12 mm3. The average sized corticocancellous block that was measured was 38.75 × 11.05 × 7.80 mm. The mean bone density was 958.95 ± 98.11 HU.Conclusion:  The use of three‐dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) in combination with a software program is a reliable means of determining the density of graft, evaluat‐ing maximal volume and dimensions of the graft that can be harvested from the mandibular symphysis region.
Early life stress, MAOA, and gene‐environment interactions predict behavioral disinhibition in children
Authors: Enoch M.‐A. , Steer C. D. , Newman T. K. , Gibson N. , Goldman D. 
Published: September 2009

Several, but not all, studies have shown that the monoamine oxidase A functional promoter polymorphism (MAOA‐LPR) interacts with childhood adversity to predict adolescent and adult antisocial behavior. However, it is not known whether MAOA‐LPR interacts with early life (pre‐birth–3 years) stressors to influence behavior in prepubertal children. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, UK, is a community‐representative cohort study of children followed from pre‐birth onwards. The impact of family adversity from pre‐birth to age 3 years and stressful life events from 6 months to 7 years on behavioral disinhibition was determined in 7500 girls and boys. Behavioral disinhibition measures were: mother‐reported hyperactivity and conduct disturbances (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) at ages 4 and 7 years. In both sexes, exposure to family adversity and stressful life events in the first 3 years of life predicted behavioral disinhibition at age 4, persisting until age 7. In girls, MAOA‐LPR interacted with stressful life events experienced from 6 months to 3.5 years to influence hyperactivity at ages 4 and 7. In boys, the interaction of MAOA‐LPR with stressful life events between 1.5 and 2.5 years predicted hyperactivity at age 7 years. The low activity MAOA‐LPR variant was associated with increased hyperactivity in girls and boys exposed to high stress. In contrast, there was no MAOA‐LPR interaction with family adversity. In a general population sample of prepubertal children, exposure to common stressors from pre‐birth to 3 years predicted behavioral disinhibition, and MAOA‐LPR– stressful life event interactions specifically predicted hyperactivity.
Replacement patterns and species coexistence in an AndeanAraucaria‐Nothofagusforest
Authors: Fajardo Alex , González Mauro E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractQuestions:Fire appears to affect both replacement patterns and coexistence ofAraucaria araucana‐Nothofagus pumilioforests in the Andean Araucarian region of south‐central Chile. A quantitative assessment of coexistence in the absence of recent fires, however, is lacking. In this study, we considered the life‐history attributes, time of recruitment and spatial pattern of individuals of both tree species to address the following questions. How regular has recruitment of both species been in time? Is there any temporal niche differentiation? Are the two species positively or negatively associated in space and, if so, at what scale and for what age and size classes? Is there any spatial niche differentiation?Location:Andean Araucarian region of Chile, Villarrica National Park (39°35′S, 71°31′W; 1300 m a.s.l.).Methods:We stem‐mapped and cored a total of 1073 trees in a 1‐ha plot in a late‐successional post‐fire stand to examine spatiotemporal patterns of establishment. We used semivariogram modelling and the pair‐correlation function to distinguish between regeneration modes and describe species interactions.Results:The two species differ in their regeneration mode: whereasA. araucanaappeared to recruit more continuously in time and space, episodic pulses of establishment were dominant forN. pumilio. At small scales, younger age‐class stems ofA. araucanawere randomly distributed, while older age‐class stems were aggregated. This was in contrast to common patterns for temperate tree species, includingN. pumilio, following processes of self‐thinning. Younger age classes ofA. araucanawere distributed independently of older trees of both species, but younger age classes ofN. pumiliohad a negative association with older conspecifics at scales similar to crown diameter.Conclusions:In the absence of recent fires, it is likely thatA. araucanawould dominate the stand alone, given its greater shade tolerance, greater longevity and continuous recruitment. However, while canopy closure is still incomplete, the shade‐intolerantN. pumiliowill be able to recruit in those open areas after seed masting and will coexist withA. araucana.
Histomorphometric Analysis of Human Maxillary Sinus Lift with a New Bone Substitute Biocomposite: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Dellavia Claudia , Tartaglia Gianluca , Sforza Chiarella 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose: To analyze radiographic and histological outcomes of maxillary sinus floor augmentation using a calcium‐sulfate based allograft containing demineralized bone matrix particles.Materials and Methods: Fifteen maxillary sinus lift procedures with simultaneous placement of titanium implants were performed in 12 patients of both genders aged 36–71 years. Each sinus cavity was filled by the biocomposite. After 3 months of healing, all surgical sites were uncovered and bone biopsies were retrieved for undecalcified histology and histomorphometry. The ratio between the original and the grafted sinus height (GSH/OSH) was computed using a panoramic radiography taken immediately after surgery and at 3 months of healing, and the two ratios were compared by Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.Results: By 3 months, all implants were stable without clinical and radiographic signs of infection. Significant changes in GSH/OSH during healing were seen (2.7 ± 0.6 initially vs. 2.6 ± 0.5 after healing; p = 0.01). Histologic findings showed newly formed bone surrounding the residual grafted particles without inflammation. At 3 months, mean regenerated bone density was 33.8 ± 8.6%; marrow spaces amounted to 32.3 ± 10.3%; residual graft was 33.9 ± 9.0%. Similar histomorphometric and radiographic results were obtained independently from patient age or sex.Conclusions: The analysed putty seems to be a safe and effective graft material for maxillary sinus floor augmentation by accelerating bone regeneration and thus reducing the healing time.