bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process Intensification in Fluid Separation Processes
Authors: Keller Tobias , Roth Tim , Mackowiak Jan F. , Kreis Peter , Górak Andrzej , Stankiewicz A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractProzessintensivierung verfolgt im Wesentlichen vier verschiedene Ziele: die Effizienz von intra‐ und intermolekularen Wechselwirkungen maximieren, den Durchlauf einheitlicher Prozesswege für jedes Molekül sicherstellen, Triebkräfte und Phasengrenzflächen optimieren und Synergieeffekte zwischen Teilprozessen maximieren. Jedes dieser Ziele kann auf insgesamt vier fundamentalen Ebenen erreicht werden: auf einer räumlichen, thermodynamischen, zeitlichen und funktionalen Ebene. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt eine Übersicht, wie sich die Ziele der Prozessintensivierung in der Fluidverfahrenstechnik erreichen lassen. Dabei wird jede der vier Ebenen separat über alle relevanten Zeit‐ und Längenskalen hinweg von den Molekülen bis hin zur verfahrenstechnischen Anlage betrachtet.
Structure and Catalysis of Cellulose‐Derived Amorphous Carbon Bearing SO3H Groups
Authors: Fukuhara Kiichi , Nakajima Kiyotaka , Kitano Masaaki , Kato Hideki , Hayashi Shigenobu , Hara Michikazu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe correlation between catalytic performance and structure of a cellulose‐derived and carbon‐based solid acid (CCSA), an amorphous carbon bearing SO3H, COOH, and phenolic OH groups, was investigated. Sulfonation of partially carbonized cellulose under a N2 atmosphere resulted in the formation of a CCSA, which was amorphous carbon consisting of small polycyclic aromatic carbon sheets with a high density of SO3H groups (ca. 2 mmol g−1). CCSAs were prepared from carbon precursors, which were obtained at temperatures ≤723 K, and exhibited a high catalytic performance for the esterification of acetic acid with ethanol and for the hydrolysis of cellobiose, although the surface areas were small (<5 m2 g−1). In contrast, CCSAs, which were prepared from carbon precursors obtained at ≥823 K, exhibited much lower catalytic activities for both reactions, although the CCSAs had sufficient amounts of SO3H groups. Structural analyses, including spectroscopic analysis of CCSAs with adsorbed probe molecules, revealed that cross‐linking between the polycyclic aromatic carbon sheets caused the sharp decrease in activity.
Cell fixation in zinc salt solution is compatible with DNA damage response detection by phospho‐specific antibodies
Authors: Zhao Hong , Li Jiangwei , Traganos Frank , Halicka H. Dorota , Zarebski Mirosław , Dobrucki Jurek , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBy virtue of superior preservation of proteins and nucleic acids the zinc salt‐based fixatives (ZBF) has been proposed as an alternative to precipitants and cross‐linking fixatives in histopathology. It was recently reported that ZBF is compatible with analysis of cell surface immunophenotype and detection of intracellular epitopes by flow cytometry. The aim of this study was to explore whether ZBF is also compatible with the detection of DNA damage response assessed by phospho‐specific antibodies (Abs) detecting phosphorylation of the key proteins of that pathway. DNA damage in human pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 cells was induced by treatment with the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin and phosphorylation of histone H2AX on Ser139 (γH2AX) and of ATM on Ser1981 was detected with phospho‐specific Abs; cellular fluorescence was measured by laser scanning cytometry (LSC). The sensitivity and accuracy of detection of H2AX and ATM phosphorylation concurrent with the detection of DNA replication by EdU incorporation and “click chemistry” was found in ZBF fixed cells to be comparable to that of cell fixed in formaldehyde. The accuracy of DNA content measurement as evident from the resolution of DNA content frequency histograms of cells stained with DAPI was somewhat better in ZBF‐ than in formaldehyde‐fixed cells. The pattern of chromatin condensation revealed by the intensity of maximal pixel of DAPI that allows one to identify mitotic and immediately post‐mitotic cells by LSC was preserved after ZBF fixation. ZBF fixation was also compatible with the detection of γH2AX foci considered to be the hallmarks of induction of DNA double‐strand breaks. Analysis of cells by flow cytometry revealed that ZBF fixation of lymphoblastoid TK6 cells led to about 60 and 33% higher intensity of the side and forward light scatter, respectively, compared to formaldehyde fixed cells. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Ethanol‐mediated appetitive conditioning in infant rats, but not corticosterone release, is dependent on route of ethanol administration
Authors: Pautassi Ricardo Marcos , Nizhnikov Michael Eduard , Spear Norman E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA recent study found appetitive reinforcement in infant rats given 1.0 but not 2.0 g/kg ethanol and only when ethanol was delivered intragastrically (i.g., but not if intraperitoneally, i.p.; Nizhnikov, Pautassi, Truxell, & Spear [2009] Alcohol 43, 347–358). Corticosterone release could modulate ethanol's motivational effects. The goal of this study was to replicate the differential capability of i.g. vs. i.p. ethanol to induce conditioning and to find hormonal correlates underlying this phenomenon. Experiment 1 confirmed that 1.0 g/kg ethanol induced conditioned preference in infant rats when given i.g. but not i.p. In Experiment 2 corticosterone was assessed at 20, 40, 60, or 120 min after ethanol (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg, i.g. or i.p.). Route of administration failed to alter corticosterone release. The 2.0 g/kg, but not 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg, ethanol dose evoked heightened corticosterone release. The results confirm the differing motivational effects associated with i.g. and i.p. ethanol. These effects do not seem to be related to differential corticosterone responsiveness. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54:98–104, 2012.
The visual system of zebrafish and its use to model human ocular Diseases
Authors: Gestri Gaia , Link Brian A. , Neuhauss Stephan C.F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFree swimming zebrafish larvae depend mainly on their sense of vision to evade predation and to catch prey. Hence, there is strong selective pressure on the fast maturation of visual function and indeed the visual system already supports a number of visually driven behaviors in the newly hatched larvae. The ability to exploit the genetic and embryonic accessibility of the zebrafish in combination with a behavioral assessment of visual system function has made the zebrafish a popular model to study vision and its diseases. Here, we review the anatomy, physiology, and development of the zebrafish eye as the basis to relate the contributions of the zebrafish to our understanding of human ocular diseases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 302–327, 2012
Isolation and cytogenetic characterization of zebrafish meiotic prophase I mutants
Authors: Saito Kenji , Siegfried Kellee R. , Nüsslein‐Volhard Christiane , Sakai Noriyoshi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe describe here the isolation and cytogenetic characterization of three meiotic prophase I mutants, denoted ietsugu (its), iesada (isa), and iemochi (imo), isolated by a novel N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea mutagenesis screen for adult zebrafish gonadogenesis. Histological examination and flow cytometry analysis of testes from these mutants showed that each contained neither spermatids nor sperm. Staining for Sycp3 and cleaved Caspase‐3 and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridinetriphosphate nick end‐labeling) assay further revealed that its had defects at the onset of meiosis, and that isa and imo spermatocytes failed to progress past the zygotene stage with apoptosis occurring in the testicular somatic cells. Staining for phosphorylated histone H2AX showed that foci formation in leptotene spermatocytes was disrupted in isa and imo. Furthermore, in vitro differentiation experiments revealed the possibility that the defects and sterility associated with mutations were germ line autonomous. Our results thus indicate that each responsible gene is necessary for meiotic progression during spermatogenesis and for male fertility. Developmental Dynamics 240:1779–1792, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Group 11 Complexes with Imidazoline‐2‐thione or Selone Derivatives
Authors: Aroz M. Teresa , Gimeno M. Concepción , Kulcsar Monika , Laguna Antonio , Lippolis Vito 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe reactions of the organodichalcogenone ligands Bbit[1,1′‐(butane‐1,4‐diyl)bis(3‐methylimidazoline‐2‐thione)],Mbis [1,1′‐methylenebis(3‐methylimidazoline‐2‐selone)], Ebis [1,1′‐(ethane‐1,2‐diyl)bis(3‐methylimidazoline‐2‐selone)] and Pbis [1,1′‐(pentane1,5‐diyl)bis(3‐methylimidazoline‐2‐selone)] with gold(I/III), silver(I) and copper(I) have been studied by elemental analysis, multinuclear (1H, 13C, 19F, 31P and 77Se) NMR spectroscopy and for several products obtained the molecular structures were also established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. In most cases the organodichalcogenone coordinates to two metallic fragments as a bidentate bridging ligand but the ligand Mbis coordinates to silver(I) in an unprecedented tetradentate bridging‐chelate mode.
A Dianionic Dinickel(II) Complex and Its Oxidised Phenoxyl Radical States
Authors: Benisvy Laurent , Wanke Riccardo , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe new dianionic dinickel(II) complex [NBu4]2[Ni2(L)2] {L3– = trianionic form of 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxy‐N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)benzamide} has been synthesised and characterised by 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and X‐ray crystallography. The X‐ray structure of [NBu4]2[Ni2(L)2]·EtOH·CH3CN reveals a quasiplanar dinickel(II) dianionic complex, each of the NiII ions possessing a NO3 planar coordination sphere that results from the ligation of L3– in a NO2 fashion through the N‐amidate, O‐phenolate and O‐bridging alcoholate donor atoms. The cyclic voltammogram of [Ni2(L)2]2– reveals two one‐electron reversible oxidation processes at relatively low potentials. The EPR and UV/Vis spectroscopic characterisations of the electrochemically generated one‐electron‐ and two‐electron‐oxidised products are consistent with two ligand‐based oxidation processes leading to the formation of relatively stable mono‐ and diphenoxyl radical complexes, [Ni2(L·)(L)]– and [Ni2(L·)2], respectively.
Comparison of Alternate Reactants for pM Level Cobalt Analysis in Seawater by the Use of Catalytic Voltammetry
Authors: Baars Oliver , Croot Peter L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe analysis of Cobalt (Co) at low pM concentrations in seawater with Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry involves high concentrations of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) to enhance the signal in an electrocatalytic reaction. In this study we found three substitutes for NaNO2 that critically affected the sensitivity. Optimisation of a method with potassium bromate (KBrO3) resulted in an excellent detection limit (0.9 pM) after a 90 s adsorption period. Reactant concentration and consumption were 10× reduced compared to protocols with NaNO2 and reagent blanks were lower. Accuracy and precision were verified with SAFe intercalibration standards and the method was applied using open ocean seawater samples. The reaction mechanism is discussed and differences to NaNO2 are shown.
Comparison of oxygen enriched air vs. pressure cultivations to increase oxygen transfer and to scale‐up plasmid DNA production fermentations
Authors: Lara Alvaro R. , Knabben Ingo , Regestein Lars , Sassi Jamalledine , Caspeta Luis , Ramírez Octavio T. , Büchs Jochen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEscherichia coli producing a plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccine was cultivated in fed‐batch mode at small scale (1 L) using oxygen‐enriched air, and at pilot scale (50 L) using a pressurized bioreactor, to maintain aerobic conditions. In the small scale, the attained oxygen transfer rate (OTRMAX) using an oxygen concentration in the inlet gas of 68.2%, reached 0.42 mol L−1 h−1. The OTRMAX in the pressurized reactor with an overpressure of 8 bar was 0.5 mol L−1 h−1. In the small‐ and pilot‐scale cultivations, the final biomass concentrations (74 and 79 g/L, respectively), pDNA concentrations (236 and 215 mg/L), overall productivity and pDNA topology were very similar. Therefore, the pressurized cultivation is a viable option to scale up pDNA production processes.
Solid‐state fermentation for the production of debittering enzyme naringinase using Aspergillus niger MTCC 1344
Authors: Shanmugaprakash Mutuswamy , Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan , Hemalatha Manickavassham , Melbia Vargese , Karthik Pothiyappan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAspergillus niger produced high levels of naringinase using easily available, inexpensive industrial waste residues such as rice bran, wheat bran, sugar cane bagasse, citrus peel, and press mud in solid‐state fermentation (SSF). Among these, rice bran was found to be the best substrate. Naringinase production was highest after 96 h of incubation at 27°C and at a substrate‐to‐moisture ratio of 1:1 w/v. Supplementation of the medium with 10% naringin caused maximum induction. An inoculum age of 72 h and an inoculum level of 15% resulted in maximum production of naringinase. Enzyme production was stimulated by the addition of nutrients such as naringin and peptone. Thus, A. niger produced a very high level of naringinase within a short time in solid‐state fermentation using inexpensive agro‐residues, a level that is much higher than reported for any other microbes.
A matrix metalloprotease‐PAR1 system regulates vascular integrity, systemic inflammation and death in sepsis
Authors: Tressel Sarah L. , Kaneider Nicole C. , Kasuda Shogo , Foley Caitlin , Koukos Georgios , Austin Karyn , Agarwal Anika , Covic Lidija , Opal Steven M. , Kuliopulos Athan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSepsis is a deadly disease characterized by the inability to regulate the inflammatory–coagulation response in which the endothelium plays a key role. The cause of this perturbation remains poorly understood and has hampered the development of effective therapeutics. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are involved in the host response to pathogens, but can also cause uncontrolled tissue damage and contribute to mortality. We found that human sepsis patients had markedly elevated plasma proMMP‐1 and active MMP‐1 levels, which correlated with death at 7 and 28 days after diagnosis. Likewise, septic mice had increased plasma levels of the MMP‐1 ortholog, MMP‐1a. We identified mouse MMP‐1a as an agonist of protease‐activated receptor‐1 (PAR1) on endothelial cells. MMP‐1a was released from endothelial cells in septic mice. Blockade of MMP‐1 activity suppressed endothelial barrier disruption, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), lung vascular permeability as well as the cytokine storm and improved survival, which was lost in PAR1‐deficient mice. Infusion of human MMP‐1 increased lung vascular permeability in normal wild‐type mice but not in PAR1‐deficient mice. These findings implicate MMP‐1 as an important activator of PAR1 in sepsis and suggest that therapeutics that target MMP1‐PAR1 may prove beneficial in the treatment of sepsis.→ See accompanying article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201100146
Haematopoietic stem cell differentiation promotes the release of prominin‐1/CD133‐containing membrane vesicles—a role of the endocytic–exocytic pathway
Authors: Bauer Nicola , Wilsch‐Bräuninger Michaela , Karbanová Jana , Fonseca Ana‐Violeta , Strauss Doreen , Freund Daniel , Thiele Christoph , Huttner Wieland B. , Bornhäuser Martin , Corbeil Denis 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe differentiation of stem cells is a fundamental process in cell biology and understanding its mechanism might open a new avenue for therapeutic strategies. Using an ex vivo co‐culture system consisting of human primary haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells growing on multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells as a feeder cell layer, we describe here the exosome‐mediated release of small membrane vesicles containing the stem and cancer stem cell marker prominin‐1 (CD133) during haematopoietic cell differentiation. Surprisingly, this contrasts with the budding mechanism underlying the release of this cholesterol‐binding protein from plasma membrane protrusions of neural progenitors. Nevertheless, in both progenitor cell types, protein–lipid assemblies might be the essential structural determinant in the release process of prominin‐1. Collectively, these data support the concept that prominin‐1‐containing lipid rafts may host key determinants necessary to maintain stem cell properties and their quantitative reduction or loss may result in cellular differentiation.
Combined MBBR‐MF for industrial wastewater treatment
Authors: Pervissian Atehna , Parker Wayne J. , Legge Raymond L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn assessment of the performance of a combined moving bed biofilm reactor and a membrane filtration (MBBR‐MF) system for treatment of a wastewater from a potato chip factory was performed. Pretreatment of membrane feed by coagulation with alum, ferric chloride, and a blend of polyaluminum chloride and polyamine was investigated for improving membrane performance. The effect of coagulation on membrane fouling was found to strongly depend on the type and dosage of the coagulant and the MBBR effluent characteristics. Ferric chloride performed the best as a pretreatment coagulant compared with alum and the coagulant blend. It reduced total fouling by 79% and increased consistency as compared with the other coagulants. Alum and the blend were, on average, 30% and 8%, less effective than ferric chloride in reducing total fouling. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Lignin‐based activated carbons as adsorbents for crystal violet removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Cotoruelo Luis M. , Marqués María D. , Díaz Francisco J. , Rodríguez‐Mirasol José , Rodríguez Juan J. , Cordero Tomás 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe adsorption of crystal violet (CV) from its aqueous solutions has been studied using eight activated carbons (ACs) prepared from eucalyptus kraft lignin. The adsorption isotherms were fitted to the Langmuir model. Amounts adsorbed in the range from 110 to 600 mg CV cation/gAC were studied as a function of the operating variables (pH, temperature) as well as the properties (burn off, porosity) of the ACs. The thermodynamic values involved endothermic processes. The kinetic study showed that the processes are of 2nd apparent order related to the concentrations of the vacant active sites on the ACs surface. The low values of the effective diffusivities suggested internal diffusion control on the net mass transfer. The results obtained in the present work can be of utility in the preparation of new adsorbents as well as to design the adsorption equipment for the removal of CV from waters with environmental purposes. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Distributed static series compensator (DSSC) for subsynchronous resonance alleviation and power oscillation damping
Authors: Khalilian M. , Mokhtari M. , Golshannavaz S. , Nazarpour D. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYSubsynchronous resonance (SSR) is a frequent adverse phenomenon in series‐compensated lines threatening either or both mechanical facilities and power system stability. It is widely accepted that flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) can provide an effective solution to relieve the SSR. On the other hand, the advent of distributed FACTS (D‐FACTS) technology has led to the more economical deployment of the flexible devices in the power system control. This paper aims to verify the capability of distributed static series compensator (DSSC) in SSR mitigation. As a member of D‐FACTS family, the DSSC functions in the same way as a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), but is in smaller size, lower in price, and possesses more capabilities. DSSC lies in transmission lines in a distributed manner. In this work, as the first step a detailed simulation model for the DSSC is extracted. In the following, simulations are carried out using EMTDC/PSCAD on the IEEE first SSR benchmark model aggregated with DSSC modules. Simulation results demonstrate that the DSSC modules which already installed in the power system with the primary objective of power flow control can also damp SSR with the use of an auxiliary SSR damping (SSRD) controller. Extensive time domain simulations are utilized to validate the effective performance of DSSC in mitigating SSR. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of postsynaptic density proteins: Glutamate receptor subunits and scaffolding proteins
Authors: Shinohara Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe postsynaptic density (PSD) protein complex has long been a major target of proteomics in neuroscience. As the number of glutamate receptors on a synapse is one of the main determinants of synaptic efficacy, determining the absolute numbers of receptors in the PSD is necessary for estimating the amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) in individual synapses. Moreover, as the receptor molecules are embedded in a macromolecular complex within the PSD, stoichiometry between the receptors and other PSD proteins could help explain the functional and regional specialization of the synapses and their possible roles in synaptic plasticity. Here, I review various studies concerned with the quantification of PSD proteins. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Achievements of risk-based produced water management on the Norwegian continental shelf (2002–2008)
Authors: D Smit Mathijs G , Frost Tone K , Johnsen Ståle 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In 1996, the Norwegian government issued a White Paper requiring the Norwegian oil industry to reach the goal of “zero discharge” for the marine environment by 2005. To achieve this goal, the Norwegian oil and gas industry initiated the Zero Discharge Programme for discharges of produced formation water from the hydrocarbon-containing reservoir, in close communication with regulators. The environmental impact factor (EIF), a risk-based management tool, was developed by the industry to quantify and document the environmental risks from produced water discharges. The EIF represents a volume of recipient water containing concentrations of one or more substances to a level exceeding a generic threshold for ecotoxicological effects. In addition, this tool facilitates the identification and selection of cost-effective risk mitigation measures. The EIF tool has been used by all operators on the Norwegian continental shelf since 2002 to report progress toward the goal of “zero discharge,” interpreted as “zero harmful discharges,” to the regulators. Even though produced water volumes have increased by approximately 30% between 2002 and 2008 on the Norwegian continental shelf, the total environmental risk from produced water discharges expressed by the summed EIF for all installations has been reduced by approximately 55%. The total amount of oil discharged to the sea has been reduced by 18% over the period 2000 to 2006. The experience from the Zero Discharge Programme shows that a risk-based approach is an excellent working tool to reduce discharges of potential harmful substances from offshore oil and gas installations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:668–677. © 2011 SETAC