bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development and succession of taxa within the diatom genus Fragilaria Lyngbye as a response to basin isolation from the sea
Authors: STABELL BJØRG 
Published: July 2010

Thirteen lake basins isolated during the Late Weichselian and Holocene are studied. The lakes are situated in two study areas, one on the west coast and one on the south coast of Norway. The diatom, genus Fragilaria shows a predominance in sediments deposited around the isolation independent of when the basins were isolated. The highest percentages may occur before, during or after the actual isolation from the sea based on diatom taxa other than Fragilaria spp. Predominance of Fragilaria spp. seems to develop in accordance with the local environment and more or less independently of the regional differences. The large Fragilaria abundances might be caused by the same effect as in recently deglaciated basins situated above marine limit in Late Weichselian, mainly dependent on the nutrient supply.SummaryA diatom analytical study has been made of eight lakes in Hordaland, western Norway and five lakes in Telemark, southern Norway, to investigate their changing environment during isolation from the sea. These lakes have been isolated at different ages, spanning from BØlling in Late Weichselian to Subatlantic in Holocene. The aim of the investigation was to determine whether regional differences or differences in time of isolation would affect the general trend in the development of such basins. The rate of the isolations is more rapid in Late Weichselian and Preboreal than in the remaining Holocene. The pH‐values and trophic status indicate a development from nutrient rich (alkaline and eutrophic) to nutrient poor (acid and oligotrophic) conditions, regardless of geographical position.Large abundances of Fragilaria spp. occur around the isolations. Peaks in Fragilaria spp. may occur before, during or after the isolation from the sea. Therefore Fragilaria taxa are not good isolation indicators for detailed stratigraphic investigations. It is evident that a predominance of Fragilaria spp. may occur in any chronozone. In the two areas investigated there is a tendency for F. construens to reach its highest frequency values in basins isolated between 10,000 and 8,000 years B.P.Large abundances of F. pinnata are not restricted to specific chronozones and the species appear to have a wide salinity range. F. virescens var. subsalina is also present from BØlling to the Subatlantic chronozone and indicates a preference for saline water. It seems plausible that the large abundances of Fragilaria spp. around the isolation levels are mainly caused by the same effect as in recently deglaciated basins above the marine limit in Late Weichselian and seems to be dependent on the nutrient supply. The predominance of Fragilaria spp. seems to develop according to the local ecology of the separate basins more or less independently of the regional differences.
Glacial tectonics and deposition of stratified drift during formation of tills beneath an active glacier – examples from Skåne, southern Sweden
Authors: ÅMARK MAX 
Published: July 2010

Åmark, Max 1986 06 01: Glacial tectonics and deposition of stratified drift during formation of tills beneath an active glacier – examples from Skåne, southern Sweden. Boreas, Vol. 15, pp. 155–171. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.Three exposures in till have been investigated in Skåne, southern Sweden. The tills were deposited at the base of an active glacier, and are largely made up of subglacially deposited stratified drift. Deformation of the till took place syndepositionally, resulting in high‐angle fractures, clastic dikes, shear planes and folds, and in irregular deformational structures. The stratified drift was transformed into a more or less diamicton‐like material by the deformation. The orientation of clasts was influenced by the action of the subglacial meltwater and the shearing from the overriding glacier. The tills accumulated at most 100 km inside the margin of the receding glacier.
The need for Quaternary geological knowledge in geotechnical engineering
Authors: FOGED NIELS 
Published: July 2010

Engineering geology, like geotechnical engineering, is a new scientific subject in Denmark. Experience in the period since 1924 is laid down in the Danish Code of Practice for Foundation Engineering, which states that the geological conditions establish the foundation class and must be determined as early as possible during the soil investigations by experienced geologists and engineers. The consequences are illustrated by some examples from geotechnical investigations performed at the Danish Geotechnical Institute:• The economic foundation of a small wooden building on the brink of a postglacial lake and fiord basin at Vedbæk.• The deep excavation for and foundation of a huge commercial center at Lyngby situated in the middle of a tunnel valley with more than 12 m late‐ and postglacial organic deposits, based on design and control in the high foundation class.• The engineering geological modelling of the Quaternary development in the Danish North Sea. Applied geology plays an increasing part in geotechnical engineering as a prerequisite for economic and safe technical solutions. The future use of geological and geotechnical data bases will bring Quaternary geological knowledge into focus.
Sequences of Holocene forest history in the Scandes, inferred from megafossil Pinus sylvestris
Authors: KULLMAN LEIF 
Published: July 2010

Kullman, Leif 1987 03 01: Sequences of Holocene forest history in the Scandes, inferred from megafossil Pinus sylvestris. Boreas, Vol. 16, pp. 21–26. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.Altogether 54 14C‐datings of megafossil Pinus sylvestris L. from above the present tree‐limit in the southern Swedish Scandes were evaluated. The samples were discussed in relation to the present‐day tree‐limit of pine. Pine reached almost 200 m higher than at present shortly after deglaciation and remained at very high altitudes until at least 4,000–3,500 14C years B.P. The conclusion was that the precise biological and climatological interpretation of these regionally sampled data is still obscure. It is impossible to judge whether clusters of megafossil pine represent periods relatively favourable for pine growth and reproduction or merely periods advantageous for production of dead wood and its long‐term preservation. In terms of climate, these alternatives reasonably implicate widely different conditions.
Quantitative forest‐composition sensing characteristics of pollen samples from Swedish lakes
Authors: PRENTICE I. COLIN , BERGLUND BJÖRN E. , OLSSON TOMMY 
Published: July 2010

Prentice, I. Colin, Berglund, Björn E. & Olsson, Tommy 1987 03 01: Quantitative forest‐composition sensing characteristics of pollen samples from Swedish lakes. Boreas, Vol. 16, pp. 43–54. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.Surface pollen percentages of major tree genera in 53 moderate‐sized lakes in south and central Sweden were compared with percentages of mean forest volume derived from survey plots within 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 km of each lake. A maximum likelihood extended R‐value method was used to estimate relative slopes and intercepts of the pollen‐tree relationship at each forest sampling radius. Slopes generally went up and intercepts down as sampling radius was increased. Visual goodness‐of‐fit was optimal at 5–10 km for Picea and at 50–100 km for Pinus, consistent with theoretical pollen source areas. Fagus gave good visual fits at all radii, but Quercus gave indifferent fits and Betula and Alnus poor fits. The taxa differed in relative pollen representation, with relative R‐values on the order of 0.11 for Picea, 0.90 for Fagus, 1.0 for Pinus, 1.5 for Quercus, 2.3 for Alnus and 2.5 for Betula. Regional forest patterns can be reconstructed from lake pollen spectra by applying R‐values, but the ‘region’ represented depends on each taxon's pollen dispersal characteristics and spatial pattern. The R‐values given here could be used to calibrate European Holocene pollen spectra from moderate‐sized lakes for long‐term forest dynamic mapping.
Deluge II and the continent of doom: rising sea level and collapsing Antarctic ice
Authors: HUGHES TERENCE J. 
Published: July 2010

Hughes, Terence J. 1987 06 01: Deluge II and the continent of doom: rising sea level and collapsing Antarctic ice. Boreas, Vol. 16, pp. 89–100. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.Many cultures in both the Old and New Worlds have preserved legends of a Great Flood. In the Biblical deluge, ‘the springs of the great deep broke through and the sluices of heaven opened’ (Genesis 7: 11). The rise in sea level, as opposed to prolonged rainfall, is a conceivable cause of global flooding because the last stages in collapse of late Wisconsin/Weichselian ice sheets occurred in the late prehistorical period, from 8,000 to 6,000 B.C. A possible mechanism that might collapse large parts of ice sheets in a short time is found in Jakobshavns Isbrae, which drains the west‐central part of the Greenland Ice Sheet. This mechanism, called the Jakobshavns Effect, is described and its possible role in Holocene collapse of former Northern Hemisphere ice sheets (Deluge I) and future collapse of parts of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (Deluge II) is examined. Rapid global flooding by this mechanism is extremely unlikely; however, we lack the information needed to eliminate the possibility.
Stratigraphic potential of amino acid ratios in Pleistocene terrestrial gastropods: an example from West‐Central Indiana, USA
Authors: MILLER BARRY B. , McCOY WILLIAM D. , BLEUER NED K. 
Published: July 2010

Miller, Barry B., McCoy, William D. & Bleuer, Ned K. 1987 06 01: Stratigraphic potential of amino acid ratios in Pleistocene terrestrial gastropods: an example frpm West‐Central Indiana, USA. Boreas, Vol. 16, pp. 133–138. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.The terrestrial gastropods Catinella spp., Stenotrema leai and Hendersonia occulta have been studied from 10 Wisconsinan and pre‐Wisconsinan sites in west‐central Indiana to determine if amino acid racemization values from these fossils would have stratigraphic utility in this area. The ages of the samples range from about 20,000 years B.P. for materials collected from radiocarbon‐dated deposits of the Trafalgar Formation, to >730,000 years B.P. for fossils obtained from magnetically reversed silts of the Jessup and Banner Formations. The shell samples have yielded four groups or aminozones based on the ratio of D‐alloisoleucine to L‐isoleucine in both the free fraction and the total acid hydrolysate from the shell samples. The results of this preliminary study appear to be consistent with the previously assumed age of the strata from which the fossils were collected and suggest that the technique has great promise as a chronostratigraphic tool in Quaternary sequences that contain terrestrial pulmonate and prosobranch gastropods.
Dynamic sea‐level change during the last deglaciation of northern Iceland
Authors: RUNDGREN MATS , INGÓLFSSON ÓLAFUR , BJÖRCK SVANTE , JIANG HUI , HAFLIDASON HAFLIDI 
Published: July 2010

Rundgren, M., Ingólfsson, Ó., Björck, S., Jiang, H. & Haflioason, H. 1997 (September): Dynamic sea‐level change during the last deglaciation of northern Iceland. Boreas, Vol. 26, pp. 201–215. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.A detailed reconstruction of deglacial relative sea‐level changes at the northern coast of Iceland, based on the litho‐ and biostratigraphy of lake basins, indicates an overall fall in relative sea level of about 45 m between 11300 and 9100 BP, corresponding to an isostatic rebound of 77 m. The overall regression was interrupted by two minor transgressions during the late Younger Dryas and in early Preboreal, and these were probably caused by a combination of expansions of local ice caps and readvances of the Icelandic inland ice‐sheet margin. Maximum absolute uplift rates are recorded during the regressional phase between the two transgressions (10000–9850 BP), with a mean value of c. 15 cm 14C yr‐1 or 11–12 cm cal. yr‐1. Mean absolute uplift during the regressional phase following the second transgression (9700–9100 BP) was around 6 cm 14C yr‐1, corresponding to c. 3 cm cal. yr‐1, and relative sea level dropped below present‐day sea level at 9000 BP.
Pleistocene stratigraphy in the Dellen region, central Sweden
Authors: ROBERTSSON ANN‐MARIE , SVEDLUND JAN‐OLOV , ANDRÉN THOMAS , SUNDH MARTIN 
Published: July 2010

Robertsson, A.‐M., Svedlund, J.‐O., Andrén, T. & Sundh, M. 1997 (September): Pleistocene stratigraphy in the Dellen region, central Sweden. Boreas, Vol. 26, pp. 237–260. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.The Pleistocene stratigraphy in the Dellen region, central Sweden was studied using field observations made during mapping of Quaternary deposits and fabric analyses in excavated sections. The lithostratigraphy was also studied by seismic refraction measurements, analyses of grain‐size distribution and organic carbon content. Biostratigraphical methods applied were pollen and diatom analyses. A general outline of the Pleistocene stratigraphy in the area is presented. Three different till beds are identified, the lowermost suggested to have been deposited during the Saalian glaciation and the other two during the Weichselian glaciation. According to the interpretation of the stratigraphy, it is questioned whether the first Weichselian ice sheet did in fact reach the Dellen area. A clayey sediment sequence at Norra Sannas accumulated during an interglacial, probably the Eemian. Most of the interglacial vegetation succession is reflected in the identified pollen flora. An initial phase with a light‐demanding forest of Belula and Pinus was followed by immigration of Alnus, Picea and scattered occurrences of Corylus. A freshwater diatom flora was identified dominated by plankton taxa, e.g. Aulacoseira italica, A. distans and Cyclotella spp. In the lower part of the sequence a brackish‐marine flora was registered, representing accumulation in a bay of the Eemian Sea. Fine‐grained sediments at the Sundson and Vastansjd sites are interpreted as rebedded Eemian sediments according to the pollen flora. An (Early Weichselian) interstadial age is suggested for sediments found at Bjuraker. Dating by the 14C‐ and OSL methods was carried out on the interglacial and interstadial sediments, respectively. The ages range from approximately 19000 to 92000 BP. Correlation of interglacial vegetation history with central Finland and other areas is discussed.
The Dura Mater Valve: In Vitro Characteristics and Pathological Changes After Implantation in Calves
Authors: Harasaki Hiroaki , Snow Jeffrey L. , Kiraly Raymond J. , Nosé Yukihiko 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTHuman dura mater valves of various sizes with rigid and flexible stents were tested in an in vitro pulsatile mock circulatory system. A 22‐mm flexible stent valve incorporating a new fabrication technique showed almost the same pressure gradient as a 28‐mm rigid stent valve. The backflow/stroke volume ratio was about 4% at a net flow of 10 L/min. One hundred and five rigid stent‐mounted dura mater valves were used in 51 pump implantations for up to 316 days. Collagen fiber degeneration began three months after implantation. Microscopic and macroscopic calcification of the valve tissue was seen in eight out of 105 valves, giving an overall incidence of 7.6%. The calcified degeneration was dystrophic in nature, not accompanied by cellular reactions, and was seen in the areas of the valve under stress. The degenerative changes were more severe in the left side than in the right side of the total artificial heart. These findings suggest that mechanical damage to the tissue plays an important role in the pathogenesis of calcification.
The Superiority of Small Charcoal Particles (Filmadsorber) in the Removal of Protein‐Bound Cholephilic Anions
Authors: Tangerman Albert , Snel Pleun , Verkooyen Ad H. M. , Hectors Magda P. C. , van Tongeren Jan H. M. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTA hemoperfusion system has been developed in which very small charcoal particles (mean diameter: 40 μm) are embedded in a collodion film (Filmadsorber). In vitro adsorption studies have revealed that the adsorption of bile acids by these small charcoal particles is superior to that by larger ones (diameter: 0.5 to 5 mm) as used in commercially available charcoal adsorbers (Becton‐Diek‐inson, Gambro, and Haemocol), and to that by neutral XAD resins. Dogs with ligated bile ducts were subjected to hemoperfusion through the four different types of ch arcoal adsorbers and an XAD filmadsorber, confirming the in vitro resu!ts that small charcoal particles, as used in the Filmadsorber, are superior to larger ones and to XAD resins with respect to the removal of protein‐bound cholephilic anions (bile acids, bilirubin) from the blood stream.
Expression profiles in surgically‐induced carotid stenosis: a combined transcriptomic and proteomic investigation
Authors: Forte A. , Finicelli M. , De Luca P. , Quarto C. , Onorati F. , Santè P. , Renzulli A. , Galderisi U. , Berrino L. , De Feo M. , Rossi F. , Cotrufo M. , Cascino A. , Cipollaro M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVascular injury aimed at stenosis removal induces local reactions often leading to restenosis. The aim of this study was a concerted transcriptomic‐proteomics analysis of molecular variations in a model of rat carotid arteriotomy, to dissect the molecular pathways triggered by vascular surgical injury and to identify new potential anti‐restenosis targets. RNA and proteins extracted from inbred Wistar Kyoro (WKY) rat carotids harvested 4 hrs, 48 hrs and 7 days after arteriotomy were analysed by Affymetrix rat microarrays and by bidi‐mensional electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, using as reference the RNA and the proteins extracted from uninjured rat carotids. Results were classified according to their biological function, and the most significant Kyoro Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were identified. A total of 1163 mRNAs were differentially regulated in arteriotomy‐injured carotids 4 hrs, 48 hrs and 7 days after injury (P < 0.0001, fold‐change ≥2), while 48 spots exhibited significant changes after carotid arteriotomy (P < 0.05, fold‐change ≥2). Among them, 16 spots were successfully identified and resulted to correspond to a set of 19 proteins. mRNAs were mainly involved in signal transduction, oxidative stress/inflammation and remodelling, including many new potential targets for limitation of surgically induced (re)stenosis (e.g. Arginase I, Kruppel like factors). Proteome analysis confirmed and extended the microrarray data, revealing time‐dependent post‐translational modifications of Hsp27, haptoglobin and contrapsin‐like protease inhibitor 6, and the differential expression of proteins mainly involved in contractility. Transcriptomic and proteomic methods revealed functional categories with different preferences, related to the experimental sensitivity and to mechanisms of regulation. The comparative analysis revealed correlation between transcriptional and translational expression for 47% of identified proteins. Exceptions from this correlation confirm the complementarities of these approaches.
THE BOOK SHELF
Authors: Bailey Franklin C. 
Published: July 2010

Books reviewed in this article:1. Amour, Richard. A Short History of Sex.Clinebell, Howard J ., Jr., and Charlotte H. Clinebell. The Intimate Marriage.3. Mark, Vernon HA, M.D., and Frank R. Ervin, M.D. Violence and the Brain.4. Gardner, Richard A., M.D. The Boys and Girls Book about Divorce.5. Gordon, Thomas. Parent Effectiveness Training.6. Kutscher, Austin &., Ed. But Not to Lose.7. Mendel, Werner M., M.D. A Celebration of Laughter.8. Ohlsen, Merle M. Group Counseling.9. Reuben, David, M.D. Everything You Always Wanted to Know, etc.10. Rogers, Carl. On Encounter Groups.11. Shepard, Martin, M.D., and Marjorie Lee. Games Analysts Play.12. Viseman, Jacqueline P. Stations of the Lost.
Buyer Risk Reduction Through Adaptive Market Conditions
Authors: ANDERSON EVAN E. 
Published: July 2010

The variability of product quality and performance between industries, firms, and products causes the buyer to be uncertain of receiving a desired level of future utility. The uncertainty experienced by the buyer results from the conditions of the purchase decision as well as the effect which anticipations and doubts about the quality of future product performance have on that decision.This paper diverges from past risk research by considering the origin and sources of a specific type of risk, namely performance risk, and by considering the impact which decisions and activities of the private and public sectors, extraneous to the individual consumer, have on the level of performance risk perceived by buyers.
Implications of Improved Information on Market Performance
Authors: DEVINE D. GRANT , HAWKINS MURRAY H. 
Published: July 2010

The retail food market in Edmonton, Alberta represents an unusual market to study. The basic problem inherent in this metropolitan market area of 500,000 people, is the dominance of a single retail food chain whose food sales represent up to 65 percent of total food sales.Conventional economic theory would normally lead to the conclusion that market performance would be improved by a direct attack on the structure of the market which in turn would involve the absolution of a highly successful retail operation. However, the application of monopoly anti‐trust laws was certainly not an alternative available to the research team, even if it was considered to be a feasible solution to the problem. Therefore an attempt was made by the authors to observe the impact of improved consumer market information on corporate performance.The following article documents the research and leads towards a time honored conclusion that additional market information would improve consumer welfare in a meaningful manner.
Consumer Knowledge and Understanding of Consumer Credit
Authors: MANDELL LEWIS 
Published: July 2010

Much has recently been written about the desirability of restrictive usury laws. While low maximum rates may prevent excessive charges to some, they also limit the ability of high‐risk persons to borrow. Therefore, if consumers have a sufficient understanding of the credit market to realize what they are paying for and how much they are paying when they borrow, a case can be made against low maximum finance rates.This article reports on a nationwide study designed to measure consumer knowledge and understanding of consumer credit. The results are that while consumers can generally rank lenders correctly in terms of cost, there are serious gaps in their knowledge of the credit market. Education and income are the key determinants of knowledge and understanding of consumer credit.
Price Levels, Price Practices and Price Discrimination in a Retail Market for Prescription Drugs
Authors: CADY JOHN F. , ANDREASEN ALAN R. 
Published: July 2010

The pricing policies of retail pharmacies have come under recent scrutiny by public policy makers. This is a result of the economic value of prescription drugs as a part of the nations's health care bill as well as the potential impact of pricing policies on those segments of the population least able to afford treatment: the poor and the elderly.This study examines pricing and price practices in a metropolitan market and provides empirical evidence regarding the impact of these practices.
Consumers' Nutritional Ratings of Fast‐Food Meals
Authors: MCNEAL JAMES U. , STEM DONALD E. , NELSON CAROL S. 
Published: July 2010

This study examines the nutritional beliefs about fast‐food restaurant meals held by a small sample of consumers. Views on the nutritional quality, caloric content, potential hazards and economic value of such meals were examined with respect to the socioeconomic level and nutritional knowledge of consumers.Findings indicate that consumers perceive these nutritional aspects of fast‐food meals to be important but often ignore them in practice. Implications for consumer education and a need for greater social responsibility on the part of the restaurants are noted.