bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Novel Adhesive Film Containing Ketorolac for Post‐Surgery Pain Control: A Safety and Efficacy Study
Authors: Al‐Hezaimi Khalid , Al‐Askar Mansour , Selamhe Zuied , Fu Jia‐Hui , Alsarra Ibrahim A. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: December 2010

Background: Prescribing analgesics after periodontal surgery is a common practice. However, it can become a challenge for patients with systemic diseases or who are on long‐term medications. Ketorolac tromethamine (KT), a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, is incorporated into an adhesive film to overcome the limitations associated with oral, intravenous, intramuscular, or sublingual routes of drug administration. This study evaluates the analgesic effect of a KT adhesive film for pain management after periodontal surgery.Methods: Aqueous solvents of two bioadhesive polymers (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyacrylic acid), together with 30 mg of KT, were used to formulate the adhesive film. Sixty‐eight patients, who each received a free gingival graft, were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. In the treatment group, the prepared adhesive film was applied over the surgical site, whereas in the control group adhesive film without KT was placed initially. Two hours after surgery, the KT adhesive film was applied on the surgical site in the control group. A visual analog scale was used to assess the degree of pain encountered at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 24, and 48 hours post‐surgery.Results: The treatment group reported a significant reduction of pain intensity during the first 2 hours after surgery (P <0.05). After the KT adhesive film was applied in the control group, pain intensity was reduced to a non‐significant level by the third hour after surgery. No adverse reaction or undesirable gastrointestinal side effect was observed.Conclusion: Adhesive film containing 30 mg of KT was effective in controlling post‐surgical pain with no observable gastrointestinal effects.
The Role of Psychologic Stress‐Induced Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐1α in Rat Experimental Periodontitis
Authors: Huang Shiguang , Lu Fangli , Zhang Zengfang , Yang Xiaoyan , Chen Ying 
Published: December 2010

Background: Studies have shown that psychologic stress plays a significant role in the outcome of many diseases. The present study is designed to investigate the effect of stress on experimental ligature‐induced periodontal disease in rats by means of a variable moderate chronic stress model.Methods: Sixty‐six age‐matched male Wistar rats of specific pathogen‐free grade were randomly divided into four groups: 1) normal control group, naive rats; 2) experimental periodontitis group, received only silk ligatures at the gingival margins of the second maxillary molar; 3) stress‐stimulation group, treated only with experimental stress conditions; and 4) experimental periodontitis plus stress‐stimulation group (e.g., experimental groups also exposed to stress). Stress was imposed by means of restraint stress, cold‐water immersion stress, and cat shock stress, which were all applied randomly. The rats were sacrificed at weeks 1, 4, 6, and 8 of the experiment. Attachment losses (AL) were measured by a specially made periodontal probe. The histopathologic changes of periodontia stained with hematoxylin and eosin were observed under a microscope. The expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α used to evaluate tissue hypoxic degree in periodontal tissues was tested by immunohistochemistry.Results: Our results show that there was no significant difference of AL among the normal control and the stress‐stimulation groups (P >0.05); AL of the periodontitis plus stress‐stimulation group was significantly higher than that of the experimental periodontitis group at weeks 4, 6, and 8 (P <0.01), and the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α expression scores of the periodontitis plus stress‐stimulation group were significantly higher than those of the experimental periodontitis group at weeks 4, 6, and 8 (P = 0.0477).Conclusions: Stress‐stimulation may aggravate periodontitis by decreased tissue oxygenation in rats. We conclude that there is a correlation of periodontitis severity with psychologic stress and periodontal tissue hypoxia.
Psychometric properties of Attentional Control Scale: The preliminary study on a Polish sample
Authors: Fajkowska Małgorzata , Derryberry Douglas 
Published: December 2010

Psychometric properties of Attentional Control Scale: The preliminary study on a Polish sample
The presented study was focused primarily on a psychometric analysis of the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), but they also enhanced the understanding of the role of effortful attentional skills in determining the individual well-being, general adaptation or emotional disorders. The analyses included basic item and scale descriptions as well as convergent and discriminant validity. 218 Polish undergraduate students completed the battery of the self-report techniques and two paper —pencil attentional tests. Data revealed a unidimensional of a 20-item ACS. It can be used validly to assess long-term individual differences in attentional skills related to the voluntary executive functions. The analysis of content, internal and construct validity as well as reliability provided evidence of the scale's significant convergent and discriminant validity when correlated with attentional tests and other personality techniques. We found strong, systematic relations between the attentional control and selected measures of temperament, arousal, emotionality, and motivation. The results allow assuming that good attentional control, may protect individuals from the emotional disorders by regulating perceptual, conceptual, and response processing.
Excited-state hydrogen bonding dynamics of methyl isocyanide in methanol solvent: A DFT/TDDFT study
Authors: Wang Hongfei , Wang Meishan , Xin Mingliang , Liu Enfu , Yang Chuanlu 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method was performed to investigate the hydrogenbonding dynamics of methyl cyanide (MeNC) as hydrogen bond acceptor in hydrogen donating methanol (MeOH) solvent. The ground-state geometry optimizations and electronic transition energies and corresponding oscillation strengths of the low-lying electronically excited states for the isolated MeNC and MeOH monomers, the hydrogen-bonded MeNC-MeOH dimer and MeNC-2MeOH trimer are calculated by the DFT and TDDFT methods, respectively. An intermolecular hydrogen bond N≡C…H-O is formed between MeNC and methanol molecule. According to Zhao’s rule on the excited-state hydrogen bonding dynamics, we find the intermolecular hydrogen bonds N≡C…H-O are strengthened in electronically excited states of the hydrogen-bonded MeNC-MeOH dimer and MeNC-2MeOH trimer, with the excitation energy of a related excited state being lowered and electronic spectral redshifts being induced. Furthermore, the hydrogen bond strengthening in the electronically excited state plays an important role on the photophysics and photochemistry of MeNC in solutions
Flowing liquid crystal simulating the Schwarzschild metric
Authors: Pereira Erms , Moraes Fernando 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
We show how to simulate the equatorial section of the Schwarzschild metric through a flowing liquid crystal in its nematic phase. Inside a liquid crystal in the nematic phase, a traveling light ray feels an effective metric, whose properties are linked to perpendicular and parallel refractive indexes, n
o and n
e respectively, of the rod-like molecule of the liquid crystal. As these indexes depend on the scalar order parameter of the liquid crystal, the Beris-Edwards hydrodynamic theory is used to connect the order parameter with the velocity of a liquid crystal flow at each point. This way we calculate a radial velocity profile that simulates the equatorial section of the Schwarzschild metric, in the region outside of Schwarzschild’s radius, in the nematic phase of the liquid crystal. In our model, the higher flow velocity can be on the order of some meters per second.
Use of N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulphate for the spectrophotometric determination of some phenolic and amine drugs
Authors: Nagaraja Padmarajaiah , Shrestha Ashwinee , Shivakumar Anantharaman , Gowda Avinash 
Published: December 2010

Use ofN, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulphate for the spectrophotometric determination of some phenolic and amine drugsSpectrophotometric methods are proposed for the determination of drugs containing a phenol group [salbutamol sulphate (SLB), ritodrine hydrochloride (RTD), isoxsuprine hydrochloride (IXP)] and drugs containing an aromatic amine group [dapsone hydrochloride (DAP), sulfamethoxazole (SFM), and sulfadiazine (SFD)] in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The methods are based on coupling ofN, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulphate with the drugs in the presence of KIO4to give a green colored product (λmaxat 670 nm) and a red colored product (λmaxat 550 nm), respectively. Linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9986-0.9996) were found between absorbance and the corresponding concentration of drugs in the range 1-7, 2-22, 1-17, 1.5-12, 2-25, and 2-21 μg mL-1for SLB, RTD, IXP, DAP, SFM and SFD, respectively. Variable parameters such as temperature, reaction time and concentration of the reactants have been analyzed and optimized. The RSD of intra-day and inter-day studies was in the range of 0.2-1.0 and 0.4-1.0%, respectively. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical adjuvants. The reliability and performance of the proposed methods was validated statistically; the percentage recovery ranged from 99.5 ± 0.1 to 99.9 ± 0.3%. Limits of detection were 0.14, 0.21, 0.51, 0.44, 0.33 and 0.37 μg mL-1for SLB, RTD, IXP, DAP, SFM, and SFD, respectively.
Development of directly compressible metformin hydrochloride by the spray-drying technique
Authors: Barot Bhavesh , Parejiya Punit , Patel Tushar , Parikh Rajesh , Gohel Mukesh 
Published: December 2010

Development of directly compressible metformin hydrochloride by the spray-drying technique
Metformin hydrochloride exhibits poor compressibility during compaction, often resulting in weak and unacceptable tablets with a high tendency to cap. The purpose of this study was to develop directly compressible metformin hydrochloride by the spray-drying technique in the presence of polymer. Metformin hydrochloride was dissolved in solutions containing a polymer, namely polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30), in various concentrations ranging from 0-3% (m/V). These solutions were employed for spray-drying. Spray-dried drug was evaluated for yield, flow property and compressibility profile. Metformin hydrochloride spray-dried in the presence of 2% PVP K30 showed an excellent flow property and compressibility profile. From the calculated Heckel's parameter (Py = 2.086), it was demonstrated that the treated drug showed better particle arrangement in the initial compression stage. Kawakita analysis revealed better packability of the treated drug compared to the untreated drug. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments showed that the spray-dried drug did not undergo any chemical modifications. Tablets made from the spray-dried drug (90%, m/m) were evaluated for crushing strength, friability and disintegration time and the results were found satisfactory.
Statistical analysis of low molecular mass heparin Nanoencapsulation
Authors: Ganti Vaishnavi , Mengesha Abebe , Marszalek Jacob , Youan Bi-Botti 
Published: December 2010

Statistical analysis of low molecular mass heparin Nanoencapsulation
The objective of this study was to use Box-Behnken design (BBD) to investigate the influence of formulation variables on the properties of heparin-loaded poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA)-polymethacrylate-RLPO (E-RLPO) nanoparticles (NP) in terms of mean diameter (as size) and drug encapsulation efficiency. The NPs were prepared by the double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The independent variables were: X1 - polymer mass ratio (PLGA:E-RLPO) in the oil phase, X2 - concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as emulsion stabilizer, and X3 - volume of the external aqueous phase (W2). Particle size (analyzed by dynamic light scattering) and encapsulation efficiency (EE, estimated by spectrophotometry) were the investigated responses. The polynomial equation obtained from regression analysis of the reduced model (p = 0.0002, F = 25.7952 and R2 = 0.96) provided an excellent fit. The optimal size for the NP was found to be 134.2 ± 16.5 nm with formulation variables of 48.2:61.8, 0.321 (%,m/V) and 263 mL for X1, X2 and X3, respectively. Probably, due to electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged drug and the positively charged E-RLPO, the percent EE of heparin was between 74.4 ± 6.5 % (lowest value) and 92.1 ± 5.3 % (highest value). The data suggest that BBD is a useful tool in rational design of heparin-loaded NPs.
Evaluation of binding properties of Plantago psyllium seed mucilage
Authors: Saeedi Majid , Morteza-Semnani Katayoun , Ansoroudi Farshad , Fallah Saeed , Amin Gholamreza 
Published: December 2010

Evaluation of binding properties ofPlantago psylliumseed mucilageMucilage extracted fromPlantago psylliumseeds was evaluated for inertness and safety parameters. The suitability of psyllium mucilage for a pharmaceutical binder was assessed in paracetamol tablets. Properties of the granules prepared using different concentrations of psyllium mucilage was compared with PVP and tragacanth. Psyllium mucilage at 5 % (m/m) was found to be comparable with 3 % (m/m) of PVP. Investigated paracetamol tablets indicated that psyllium mucilage can retard the drug release.
Dose-related effects of clozapine and risperidone on the pattern of brain regional serotonin and dopamine metabolism and on tests related to extrapyramidal functions in rats
Authors: Batool Farhat , Hasnat Ambreen , Haleem Muhammad , Haleem Darakhshan 
Published: December 2010

Dose-related effects of clozapine and risperidone on the pattern of brain regional serotonin and dopamine metabolism and on tests related to extrapyramidal functions in rats
The present study was designed to evaluate the behavioral and neurochemical profiles of clozapine and risperidone in rats in a dose-dependent manner. Animals injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with clozapine (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg kg-1) or risperidone (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1) were sacrificed 1 h later to collect brain samples. Hypolocomotive effects (home cage activity and catalepsy) were successively monitored in each animal after the drug or saline administration. Both drugs significantly (p < 0.01) decreased locomotor activity at high doses and in a dose-dependent manner. Maximum (100%) cataleptic potential was achieved at a high dose (5.0 mg kg-1) of risperidone. Neurochemical estimations were carried out by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Both drugs, at all doses, significantly (p < 0.01) increased the concentration of homovanillic acid (HVA), a metabolite of dopamine (DA), in the striatum. Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels increased in the striatum and decreased in the rest of the brain, particularly in clozapine-injected rats. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the predominant metabolite of serotonin, significantly (p < 0.01) decreased in the striatum. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was significantly (p < 0.01) increased by risperidone and decreased by clozapine in the rest of the brain. Striatal tryptophan (TRP) was significantly (p < 0.01) decreased by risperidone and increased in the rest of the brain. The striatal HVA/DA ratio increased and the 5-HT turnover rate remained unchanged in the rest of the brain. Results suggest that the affinity of the two drugs towards D2/5-HT1A receptors interaction is involved in lower incidence of extrapyramidal side effects. Role of 5-HT1A receptors in the treatment of schizophrenia is discussed.
Numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer in cylindrical ducts
Authors: Duda Piotr , Mazurkiewicz Grzegorz 
Published: December 2010

Numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer in cylindrical ductsIn this work, numerical modeling of steady state heat and mass transfer is presented. Both laminar and hydrodynamically fully developed turbulent flow in a pipe are shown. Numerical results are compared with values obtained from analytical solution of such problems. The problems under consideration are often denoted as extended Graetz problems. They occur in heat exchangers using liquid metals as working fluid, in cooling systems for electric components or in chemical process lines. Calculations were carried out gradually decreasing the mesh size in order to examine the convergence of numerical method to analytical solution.
Membrane separation of carbon dioxide in the integrated gasification combined cycle systems
Authors: Kotowicz Janusz , Skorek-osikowska Anna , Janusz-szymańska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2010

Membrane separation of carbon dioxide in the integrated gasification combined cycle systemsIntegrated gasification combined cycle systems (IGCC) are becoming more popular because of the characteristics, by which they are characterized, including low pollutants emissions, relatively high efficiency of electricity production and the ability to integrate the installation of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Currently, the most frequently used CO2capture technology in IGCC systems is based on the absorption process. This method causes a significant increase of the internal load and decreases the efficiency of the entire system. It is therefore necessary to look for new methods of carbon dioxide capture. The authors of the present paper propose the use of membrane separation. The paper reviews available membranes for use in IGCC systems, indicates, inter alia, possible places of their implementation in the system and the required operation parameters. Attention is drawn to the most important parameters of membranes (among other selectivity and permeability) influencing the cost and performance of the whole installation. Numerical model of a membrane was used, among others, to analyze the influence of the basic parameters of the selected membranes on the purity and recovery ratio of the obtained permeate, as well as to determine the energetic cost of the use of membranes for the CO2separation in IGCC systems. The calculations were made within the environment of the commercial package Aspen Plus. For the calculations both, membranes selective for carbon dioxide and membranes selective for hydrogen were used. Properly selected pressure before and after membrane module allowed for minimization of energy input on CCS installation assuring high purity and recovery ratio of separated gas.
The influence of vapor superheating on the level of heat regeneration in a subcritical ORC coupled with gas power plant
Authors: Wiśniewski Sławomir , Borsukiewicz-Gozdur Aleksandra 
Published: December 2010

The influence of vapor superheating on the level of heat regeneration in a subcritical ORC coupled with gas power plantThe authors presented problems related to utilization of exhaust gases of the gas turbine unit for production of electricity in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plant. The study shows that the thermal coupling of ORC cycle with a gas turbine unit improves the efficiency of the system. The undertaken analysis concerned four the so called "dry" organic fluids: benzene, cyclohexane, decane and toluene. The paper also presents the way how to improve thermal efficiency of Clausius-Rankine cycle in ORC power plant. This method depends on applying heat regeneration in ORC cycle, which involves pre-heating the organic fluid via vapour leaving the ORC turbine. As calculations showed this solution allows to considerably raise the thermal efficiency of Clausius-Rankine cycle.
Visualization of heat transport in heat pipes using thermocamera
Authors: Nemec Patrik , Čaja Alexander , Lenhard Richard 
Published: December 2010

Visualization of heat transport in heat pipes using thermocamera
Heat pipes, as passive elements show a high level of reliability when taking heat away and they can take away heat flows having a significantly higher density than systems with forced convection. A heat pipe is a hermetically closed duct, filled with working fluid. Transport of heat in heat pipes is procured by the change of state of the working fluid from liquid state to steam and vice versa and depends on the hydrodynamic and heat processes in the pipe. This study have been focused on observing the impact these processes have on the heat process, the transport of heat within the heat pipe with the help of thermovision. The experiment is oriented at scanning the changes in the surface temperatures of the basic structural types of capillary heat pipes in vertical position.
Non-Certainty-Equivalent Adaptive Control of a Nonlinear Aeroelastic System
Authors: Lee Keum , Singh Sahjendra 
Published: December 2010

Non-Certainty-Equivalent Adaptive Control of a Nonlinear Aeroelastic SystemThe development of a non-certainty-equivalent adaptive control system for the control of a nonlinear aeroelastic system is the subject of this paper. The prototypical aeroelastic wing section considered here includes structural nonlinearity and a single control surface for the purpose of control. Its dynamical model has two-degree-of-freedom and describes the plunge and pitch motion. It is assumed that the model parameters (except the sign of one of the control input coefficients) are not known. The uncontrolled aeroelastic model exhibits limit cycle oscillation beyond a critical free-stream velocity. Based on the attractive manifold, and the immersion and invariance methodologies, a non-certainty-equivalent adaptive state variable feedback control law for the trajectory tracking of the pitch angle is derived. Using the Lyapunov analysis, asymptotic convergence of the state variables to the origin is established. It is shown that the trajectory of the system converges to a manifold. The special feature of the designed control system is that the closed-loop system asymptotically recovers the performance of a deterministic controller. This cannot happen if certainty-equivalent adaptive controllers are used. Simulation results are presented which show that the control system suppresses the oscillatory responses of the system in the presence of large parameter uncertainties.