bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thémistocle entre cité et empire
Authors: Ma John 
Published: September 2009

Themistocle entre cité et empire (pp. 269-293)
Une anecdote dans la Vie de Themistocle rédigée par Plutarque nous fait voir Themistocle découvrant à Sardes une statuette qu'il avait dédiée du temps de sa magistrature des eaux à Athènes. Au-delà de son historicité (problématique), l'incident permet d'analyser diverses conceptions du pouvoir (dans la cité, dans l'empire), mais aussi la façon dont l'anecdote met en scène l'opposition entre ces pouvoirs. La réflexion peut se prolonger au contact de documents épigraphiques, qui constituent une littérature d'État basée sur la même idéologie que la petite histoire sur Themistocle. Anecdote et «littérature d'État» constituent des manières complémentaires de faire voir le politique.
Des peintres linguistes ?
Authors: Baurain-Rebillard Laurence 
Published: September 2009

Des peintres linguistes ?(pp. 75-105)
Plutôt que de parler d'incompétence de la part des peintres attiques dont les inscriptions comporteraient des erreurs, on se propose d'interpréter comme des marques d'hyper-compétence occasionnelle certaines variations linguistiques ou graphiques. Le dinos de Sophilos, découvert à Pharsale, en Thessalie, porte des inscriptions non attiques dont on essaie de montrer qu'elles sont, pour Sophilos, du thessalien. De même on peut considérer comme une tentative d'adaptation à un public utilisant un dialecte autre que l'attique, la fréquence de signes comme le digamma. Dans la série des vases dits " tyrrhéniens " tout comme chez les petits maîtres, on voit se multiplier, dans les inscriptions simulées, un stock de lettres toujours répétées de préférence à d'autres, dont le choix semble dicté par les particularités de la langue étrusque. Les séquences à nasales, fréquentes dans ces séries, paraissent imiter certains exercices de syllabation étrusques. Il s'agit là d'une recherche ébauchée, qui doit s'appuyer pour progresser sur un corpus systématique de fac-similés fiables.
A propos de quelques noms de ménades attiques inscrits
Authors: Villanueva Puig Marie-Christine 
Published: September 2009

A propos de quelques noms de ménades attiques inscrits (pp. 159-171)
Ont été sélectionnés parmi les nombreux noms de ménades inscrits sur les vases attiques, quelques exemples susceptibles d'une traduction visuelle dans l'apparence, la gestuelle, l'activité des personnages représentés. Trois types de relation peuvent s'instaurer entre la figure et son nom inscrit. Ce dernier peut être en harmonie avec ce que le peintre représente, cette coïncidence vient renforcer l'image. Il peut n'entretenir aucun lien précis avec la représentation et constitue dans ce cas comme un ajout à l'image, une résonance supplémentaire. Enfin, et c'est l'usage le plus rare, il se présente comme en décalage manifeste par rapport à la représentation, comme un commentaire fort à l'image dont il accentue les caractéristiques par opposition.
Remarques sur le temple de Rîmet Hâzem (Syrie du Sud)
Authors: Dentzer-Feydy J. 
Published: September 2009

Among the sketches drawn by W.J. Bankes (1786-1855)
in Southern Syria, the plan with measures of the temple at
Rîmet Hâzem is an important clue to a building which has
now disappeared. With the evidence of blocks scattered
around, it is possible to propose the general lines of a
virtual restoration.
Continuous process for production of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber using a Kenics® KMX static mixer reactor
Authors: Madhuranthakam Chandra Mouli R. , Pan Qinmin , Rempel Garry L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA continuous process for hydrogenating nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) was developed and its performance was experimentally investigated. A Kenics® KMX static mixer (SM) is used in the process as a gas–liquid reactor in which gaseous hydrogen reacts with NBR in an organic solution catalyzed by an organometallic complex such as an osmium complex catalyst. The Kenics® KMX SM was designed with 24 mixing elements with 3.81 cm diameter and arranged such that the angle between two neighboring elements is 90°. The internal structure of each element is open blade with the blades being convexly curved. The dimensions of the SM reactor are: 3.81 cm ID 80 S and 123 cm length and was operated cocurrently with vertical upflow. The NBR solutions of different concentrations (0.418 and 0.837 mol/L with respect to [CC]) were hydrogenated by using different concentrations of the osmium catalyst solution at various residence times. The reactions were conducted at a constant temperature of 138°C and at a constant pressure of 3.5 MPa. From the experimental results, it is observed that a conversion and/or degree of hydrogenation above 95% was achieved in a single pass from the designed continuous process. This is the first continuous process for HNBR production that gives conversions above 95% till date. Optimum catalyst concentration for a given mean residence time to achieve conversions above 95% were obtained. Finally, a mechanistic model for the SM reactor performance with respect to hydrogenation of NBR was proposed and validated with the obtained experimental results. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
The use of p16INK4A immunocytochemistry in “Atypical squamous cells which cannot exclude HSIL” compared with “Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance” in liquid‐based cervical smears
Authors: Sung Chang Ohk , Kim Seong Rim , Oh Young Lyun , Song Sang Yong 
Published: September 2009

AbstractEven though p16INK4a (p16) immunocytochemistry has proven a useful accessory tool verifying the identification of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) categorized smears, the procedure still has limitations. To date few studies examining the usefulness of p16 immunocytochemistry in atypical squamous cells which cannot exclude HSIL (ASC‐H), compared with ASC‐US in liquid‐based cervical smears. Therefore, we examined the correlation of p16 immunocytochemical staining with follow‐up biopsy results on ASC‐H categorized smears and compared the data with those classified as ASC‐US on 105 liquid‐based cytology samples. We found no statistical significance in the p16 expression of ASC‐US smears and the presence of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) in follow‐up biopsies (p = 0.546). However, p16 expression did significantly correlate with the presence of SIL (p = 0.002) in ASC‐H smears. There was a statistically significant relationship between p16 expression and presence of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or more on the follow‐up biopsies in both ASC‐US (p = 0.012) and ASC‐H (p < 0.001) categorized smears. In ASC‐US categorized smears, there was no statistical significance between p16 expression and the HR‐HPV viral load (p = 0.091). But there was a statistical significance between p16 expression and the HR‐HPV viral load (p < 0.001) in ASC‐H categorized smears. Our results indicate that p16 immunostaining is a much better useful marker for HR‐HPV infection and detection of SIL in ASC‐H categorized smears compared to those defined as ASC‐US. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aplysqualenols A and B: Squalene‐Derived Polyethers with Antitumoral and Antiviral Activity from the Caribbean Sea Slug Aplysia dactylomela
Authors: Vera Brunilda , Rodríguez Abimael D. , Avilés Edward , Ishikawa Yasuyuki 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe novel bromotriterpene polyethers aplysqualenol A (1) and B (2) have been isolated from the Caribbean sea slug Aplysia dactylomela, collected in Puerto Rico, and their structures and relative configurational assignments established from spectroscopic data aided by quantum mechanical calculations of NMR chemical shifts. Although both these compounds may be conceived as polyoxacyclic derivatives of the C30 squalene skeleton, it is notable that 1 and 2 each possess an unprecedented C15‐to‐C24 flexible chain of (14S*) spatial disposition that contains a unique ether bridge between C16 and C19. Biological activity screening tests revealed that, although aplysqualenol A (1) does not have significant antiinfective properties, it possesses potent antitumoral and antiviral activities. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Subjective life satisfaction and mental disorders among older adults in UAE in general population
Authors: Ghubach Rafia , El‐Rufaie Omar , Zoubeidi Taoufik , Sabri Sufyan , Yousif Saeed , Moselhy Hamdy F. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundLife satisfaction is widely considered to be a central aspect of human welfare. Many have identified happiness with it, and some maintain that well‐being consists largely or wholly in being satisfied with one's life. Empirical research on well‐being relies heavily on life satisfaction studies.AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the relationships of psychiatric disorders and physical disorders on life satisfaction among Arab older adults in general population.MethodsFace‐to‐face interviews with Geriatric Mental State Interview (GMS‐A3) were conducted with a nationwide sample of 2000 household in 2001. Total samples of 610 elders (above 60 years) were interviewed.ResultsThere were 347 males (56.9%) and 263 females (43.1%). The mean age was 68.6 years (SD = 8.3). The commonest diagnoses were depression (20.2%), anxiety (5.6%), hypochondriasis (4.4%), and organic brain syndrome with or without dementia (3.6%). The findings suggest that having depressive disorder was significantly associated with less life satisfaction in the whole sample of older adults' people. In addition, anxiety, hypochondriacal disorders, and organic brain syndrome were significantly associated with low life satisfaction. Meanwhile, other psychiatric disorders e.g., phobia, Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OCD), schizophrenia were not significantly associated with life satisfaction. No significant relationship was found with any physical disorders alone. The data further reveal that low level of life satisfaction was especially significant in the age group above 85 years and people who live alone or only with wife/husband.ConclusionsThe strong influence of psychiatric disorders e.g., depression, anxiety, organic brain syndrome, and hypochondriasis rather than physical disorders suggests that a lack of meaning and worries are more detrimental to life satisfaction than physical frailty. The findings underscore the need to develop interventions that help older people deal more effectively with psychiatric disorders and its comorbidities. Moreover, the results suggest that providing family support, by not allowing older adults to live alone, may be especially helpful for older adults. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Restrictions in daily life after retinoblastoma from the perspective of the survivors
Authors: van Dijk Jennifer , Oostrom Kim J. , Huisman Jaap , Moll Annette C. , Cohen‐Kettenis Peggy T. , Ringens Peter J. , Imhof Saskia M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the impact of retinoblastoma (RB) on the health status of survivors in terms of disabilities and worries, both of which may restrict participation in activities of daily life.MethodsIn this population‐based cross‐sectional study, content analysis was used to extract data on perceived restrictions and worries, from semi‐structured interviews held with 156 RB survivors aged 8–35 years. The International Classification of Functioning Disabilities and Health (ICF) was used as a framework.ResultsOf all survivors, 55% perceive RB‐related restrictions in daily life activities (school, professional career, mobility, self‐care, intimate relationships). Young/adolescent survivors (6%) and adult survivors (15%) frequently report anxiety about developing a second primary tumor (SPT). Compared with the general population, RB survivors did not differ in rates of employment or marital status. However, special educational services were more frequently offered, and the level of completed education was lower.ConclusionRB has influenced the lives of most survivors and, even though their prognosis was good, illness‐related restrictions are common. Especially fear of developing SPT and of further loss of vision are important life‐long problems, and many survivors had special education needs. The ICF might serve as a bridge between families and professionals, because this classification may facilitate early detection of problems. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:110–115. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural network‐based closure for modeling short‐fiber suspensions
Authors: Jack David A. , Schache Bryan , Smith Douglas E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFiber orientation tensors enjoy widespread application in short‐fiber reinforced polymer composite simulations because they provide a compact form for describing complex fiber orientation states. The orientation of reinforcing fibers within a short‐fiber composite directly affects the mechanical and thermal properties of the processed part, requiring that an accurate and efficient simulation method be available for use in product and process design. It is well understood that the equation of motion for each even‐ordered orientation tensor is dependent on the next higher even‐ordered orientation tensor, necessitating the use of a closure approximation. This article presents a new class of fitted orientation tensor closures where components of the fourth‐order tensor are computed from corresponding second‐order tensors using an artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN offers a unique advantage here because it is computationally efficient and is able to represent complex relationships between inputs and outputs where representative mathematical models do not exist. After a brief review of fiber orientation analysis, the new neural network closure (NNET) is defined along with a detailed description of the associated training procedure. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the NNET closure is then demonstrated with both simple and complex flow simulations.It is shown that simulations with the new NNET closure are as accurate as those using current orthotropic fitted closures at a computation cost that approaches the less accurate Hybrid closure. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1125–1141, 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Differential expression of PCA3 and its overlapping PRUNE2 transcript in prostate cancer
Authors: Salagierski Maciej , Verhaegh Gerald W. , Jannink Sander A. , Smit Frank P. , Hessels Daphne , Schalken Jack A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDPCA3 is one of the most prostate cancer (PrCa)‐specific markers described so far. Recently, a new genomic structure of PCA3 as well as new flanking and overlapping gene transcripts has been identified. Furthermore, a co‐regulation of PCA3 and its overlapping gene PRUNE2(BMCC1) has been suggested. Our aim was to assess the diagnostic performance of a new PCA3 isoform (PCA3‐TS4) and to study the interactions between PCA3 and BMCC1 in PrCa.METHODSWe used SYBR Green quantitative (q)PCR with specific primers to compare PCA3 and BMCC1 expression of normal versus tumor tissue of human prostate. PCA3‐TS4 plasmid was created to calculate the absolute amounts of PCA3 transcripts. The androgen regulation of PCA3 and BMCC1 expression was studied in LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells stimulated with 5α‐dihydrotestosterone.RESULTSWe have not found any relevant diagnostic advantage of the PCA3‐TS4 isoform over the “classical” PCA3 isoform in our group of PrCa patients. Additionally, PCA3‐TS4 appears to be only a minor PCA3 transcript. We were also unable to confirm the hypothesis that BMCC1 isoforms are androgen‐induced in vitro.CONCLUSIONSDespite the presence of the recently identified marginal PCA3 transcripts in human PrCa, the previously described major PCA3 isoform still constitutes the best target for diagnostic purposes. PCA3 and BMCC1 are overlapping genes in reverse orientation that do not appear to be co‐regulated. Prostate 70: 70–78, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Density functional study of roles of porphyrin ring in electronic structures of heme
Authors: Takano Yu , Nakamura Haruki 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHeme is a prosthetic group that consists of an iron ion contained in the center of a porphyrin, and a widely distributed cofactor in biology. It serves electron transfer and enzyme catalysis. There are many types of heme, which have several heme side chains such as propionyl, vinyl, and hydroxyfarnesylethyl groups. The differences in heme side chains yield many important functions. In this study, we have investigated the roles of porphyrin ring: heme porphyrin ring distortion, heme peripheral substitution, and protonation of propionyl group of heme, by using density functional theory with the polarizable continuum model. The effects of porphyrin ring of heme were discussed from the viewpoint of the charge density difference in the redox reaction and the redox potential. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Experimental and numerical evaluation of the strength and ductility of regular and cross spirally circular reinforced concrete columns for tall buildings under eccentric loading
Authors: Havaei Gh. Reza , Keramati Abolghassem 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis research investigates the behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to eccentric loading (combination of axial loading and bending moment) for tall buildings with experimental and numerical methods. The columns are reinforced and confined with regular spiral and cross spiral (new technique). The new confinement technique uses two opposing spirals (cross spirals) to confine RC circular columns in order to enhance their strength and ductility. Fourteen RC circular columns subjected to different load eccentricities with two different grades of spirals steel are experimentally tested. The force, axial and lateral displacement and concrete strains in different locations are measured during the testing. The columns are 1000‐mm long with two hunched heads of 500‐mm height. The experimental and numerical results are compared and utilized to develop design guidelines of RC columns using the new confinement technique. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Klinik und Genetik der Gliedergürteldystrophien
Authors: Ferbert A. , Kress W. 
Published: September 2009

Zusammenfassung
Gliedergürtelmuskeldystrophien („limb girdle muscle dystrophies“, LGMD) sind eine klinisch sowie genetisch heterogene Gruppe von Muskelkrankheiten, von denen bis heute 7 dominante (LGMD1A–G) und 15 rezessive Formen (LGMD2A–O) beschrieben sind. Viele davon beginnen im Jugendlichenalter und führen in der Regel über die folgenden 2–4 Jahrzehnte zur Gehunfähigkeit. Die Symptomatik beginnt häufig im Beckengürtel, die Muskeln des Schultergürtels folgen in unterschiedlichem Abstand. Allele Formen der vorgestellten LGMD können auch einen distalen Prädilektionstyp aufweisen, wie die Miyoshi-Myopathie durch Mutationen im Dysferlingen. Die häufigsten Formen aus der Gruppe der rezessiven LGMD sind Calpainopathien (LGMD2A), Dystrophien durch Mutationen im FKRP-Gen (FKRP: „Fukutin-related protein“, LGMD2I) sowie Dysferlinopathien (LGMD2B). Es folgen in der Häufigkeit die Sarkoglykanopathien, die oft bereits im Kindesalter beginnen. Bei vielen Formen führt der Gendefekt zur Störung eines sarkolemmalen Proteins. Wegen der großen Heterogenität folgt die molekulargenetische Analyse in der Regel der Muskelbiopsie mit immunhistologischer Aufarbeitung. Eine spezifische Therapie ist bislang nicht verfügbar. Die Behandlung von Kontrakturen und die Überwachung evtl. begleitender Kardiomyopathien stehen neben der humangenetischen Beratung im Vordergrund.
Fazioskapulohumerale Muskeldystrophie
Authors: Kress W. , Jakubiczka S. , Koch M.C. 
Published: September 2009

Zusammenfassung
Die fazioskapulohumerale Muskeldystrophie (FSHD, MIM 158900) zählt zu den häufigsten Muskeldystrophien mit einer Prävalenz von mindestens 1:20.000. Bei den meisten Patienten manifestiert sich die langsam progrediente Myopathie in der 2. Lebensdekade mit einer Schwäche der Gesichts- und Schultermuskulatur sowie der Oberarme. Typischerweise sind die unteren Extremitäten erst im weiteren Verlauf betroffen. In selteneren kindlichen Fällen treten die Symptome schon in der 1. Dekade auf, und die Erkrankung verläuft schwer mit besonders starker Beteiligung der Gesichtsmuskulatur. Die Genetik der FSHD ist einzigartig und bis heute nicht endgültig geklärt. Ein direkter Gendefekt ist nicht bekannt. Es gibt eine enge Assoziation zur Deletion von subtelomerischen D4Z4-Repeat-Einheiten auf Chromosom 4q. Man vermutet einen Positionseffekt dieser D4Z4-Repeats auf zentromerwärts gelegene Gene, die bei Patienten in der Muskulatur überexprimiert werden. Die molekulargenetische Diagnostik erfolgt durch den Nachweis eines verkürzten D4Z4-Fragments im Southern-Blot. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass 10q-Repeat-Einheiten zu D4Z4-Einheiten hochhomolog sind und beide untereinander ausgetauscht werden können. Nur verkürzte Repeatfragmente in einer speziellen 4q-Umgebung sind pathogen.
Myotone Dystrophien – und ihre Differenzialdiagnosen
Authors: Schoser B. , Grimm T. 
Published: September 2009

Zusammenfassung
1909 wurde die klassische myotone Dystrophie (DM1) von Steinert erstmals beschrieben, 1994 entdeckte Ricker eine 2. Form (DM2). Als genetische Ursache der DM1 wurde 1992 ein abnorm expandiertes CTG(Cytosin-Thymin-Guanin)-Triplett-Repeat im 3’-UTR des Dystrophia-myotonica-Proteinkinase-Gens (DMPK-Gen) auf Chromosom 19 entdeckt, während 2001 die DM2 auf ein abnorm expandiertes Tetranukleotid-CCTG-Repeat im Intron 1 des Zinkfinger-9-Gens (ZNF-9) auf Chromosom 3q zurückgeführt werden konnte. Multisystemische Symptome betreffen Skelettmuskulatur, Gehirn, Auge, Herz und Endokrinium. Der heterogenen Ätiologie mit 2 genetischen Loci liegt pathogenetisch eine RNA-Prozessierungsstörung mit Fehlregulation und alternativem Spleißen von organspezifisch exprimierter Genen zugrunde (so genanntes Konzept der Spleißopathie). Zusätzliche Störungen des RNA-Metabolismus sind inzwischen evident. Unsere Übersicht umfasst aktuelle Aspekte des Phänotyps, der Differenzialdiagnose, der molekularen Diagnostik, der RNA-Pathogenese sowie symptomatischer und molekularer Therapieoptionen.
The evolution of the Hong Kong currency board during global exchange rate instability, 1967–1973
Authors: Schenk Catherine R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHong Kong SAR is well known as one of the few economies to operate a form of currency board as the basis of its monetary system. This system arose out of colonial status and has been retained except for a period of floating from 1975-83 to the present day, with some amendments. This article explores the evolution of the Exchange Fund during a period of global exchange rate instability showing that the abandonment of the monetary anchor in 1975 was part of a series of innovations to the use of the Fund as the colonial government sought to manage the exchange rate risks posed by the collapse of the Bretton Woods system.