bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative in vitro and in vivo evaluation of protein degradability in the rumen using soybean meal and Pruteen
Authors: Teller E. , Godeau J.‐M. , van Nevel C. J. , Demeyer D. I. 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungVergleichende in vitro und in vivo Untersuchungen über die Abbaurate von Sojaschrot und Pruteen im PansenDie Löslichkeit von Sojaschrot und Pruteen (single‐cell‐Protein) wurde in Burroughs‐Puffer (pH = 6,5) und in einem Bicarbonat‐Phosphat‐Puffer (pH = 6,9) gemessen. Die Abbaurate im Pansen wurde in Nylonsäckchen, die im Pansen von Schafen inkubiert wurden, ermittelt. Die Ammoniakkonzentration im Panseninhalt wurde bei einer Kuh nach Ergänzung von Maissilage mit jeweils einem dieser Eiweißträger registriert. Außerdem wurden Messungen am Duodenum durchgeführt, nach Fütterung von Maissilage mit steigenden Mengen Sojaschrot oder Pruteen.Die Löslichkeit des Stickstoffs lag bei 12,8% und 22,3% in Burroughs‐Puffer und bei 24,2% und 18,5% in Bicarbonat‐Phosphat‐Puffer jeweils für Sojaschrot und Pruteen. Die beiden letzten Ergebnisse stimmen besser mit der in sacco ermittelten Abbaurate im Pansen überein.Die Aminosäurezusammensetzung vor Inkubation im Pansen und nach Inkubation zeigte keine wesentlichen Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Abbaurate der einzelnen Aminosäuren, abgesehen von Glycin und Tyrosin, die aber ernährungsphysiologisch eine untergeordnete Rolle spielen. Es wurden mehr essentielle Aminosäuren im Eiweiß von Pruteen als bei Sojaschrot gefunden.Nur geringe Unterschiede konnten zwischen den beiden Eiweißträgern festgestellt werden in Bezug auf die Ammoniakkonzentration im Pansen. Der einzig nennenswerte Effekt war die verzögerte Ammoniakfreisetzung im Pansen während der ersten zwei Studen nach Fütterung bei Ersatz von Sojaschrot durch Pruteen.Eine gewisse Tendenz zu einem höheren Proteingehalt im Duodenum wurde mit Pruteen gemessen. Wegen des hohen DAPA‐Anteiles des gefütterten single‐cell‐Proteins konnten die verschiedenen Stickstoff‐Fraktionen im Duodenum nicht genau bestimmt werden. Die Ergebnisse mit Bicarbonat‐Phosphat‐Puffer, die Resultate der in sacco Analyse und die der Ammoniakfreisetzung im Pansen lassen jedoch den Schluß zu, daß der höhere Eiweißzufluß in das Duodenum bei Fütterung von Pruteen durch eine größere Passage von unabgebautem single‐cell‐Protein im Vergleich zu Sojaprotein verursacht wurde.
After radical retropubic prostatectomy ‘insignificant’ prostate cancer has a risk of progression similar to low‐risk ‘significant’ cancer
Authors: Sengupta Shomik , Blute Michael L. , Bagniewski Stephanie M. , Inman Brant , Leibovich Bradley C. , Slezak Jeffrey M. , Myers Robert P. , Zincke Horst 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVETo assess progression and survival among patients with small‐volume, well‐differentiated, organ‐confined prostate cancer found at radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP), often defined as being ‘insignificant’, thus testing whether they are indeed ‘insignificant’.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe identified 6496 men treated for prostate cancer by RRP between 1990 and 1999, and defined ‘insignificant’ tumours as those in men having a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level of <10 ng/mL before RRP, a cancer volume of ≤0.5 mL, a specimen Gleason of score ≤6 and stage ≤pT2. Survival was assessed using the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared using the two‐sided log‐rank test.RESULTS‘Insignificant’ tumours were found in 354 (5.5%) men, of whom only one had metastatic progression and none died from prostate cancer, with a median (range) follow‐up of 9.2 (0.8–15.6) years. Biochemical progression‐free survival (87% vs 85%, respectively, at 10 years, P = 0.5), systemic progression‐free survival (100% vs 99%, P = 0.3), overall survival (91% vs 88%, P = 0.16) and cancer‐specific survival (100% in each group, P = 0.32) were each similar among men with ‘insignificant’ prostate cancer and men with low‐risk (defined by Gleason score, preoperative PSA level, seminal vesicle and surgical margin status) ‘significant’ cancer. Clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score and preoperative PSA doubling time were multivariably predictive of ‘insignificant’ tumours at RRP.CONCLUSIONS‘Insignificant’ prostate cancer at RRP is associated with a comparable risk of biochemical progression as low‐risk ‘significant’ cancer. Although clinical predictors for ‘insignificant’ pathology can be identified, it remains to be established whether such patients can be safely managed conservatively.
The effect of male circumcision on sexual satisfaction and function, results from a randomized trial of male circumcision for human immunodeficiency virus prevention, Rakai, Uganda
Authors: Kigozi Godfrey , Watya Stephen , Polis Chelsea B. , Buwembo Denis , Kiggundu Valerian , Wawer Maria J. , Serwadda David , Nalugoda Fred , Kiwanuka Noah , Bacon Melanie C. , Ssempijja Victor , Makumbi Frederick , Gray Ronald H. 
Published: August 2010

Associate EditorMichael G. WyllieEditorial BoardIan Eardley, UKJean Fourcroy, USASidney Glina, BrazilJulia Heiman, USAChris McMahon, AustraliaBob Millar, UKAlvaro Morales, CanadaMichael Perelman, USAMarcel Waldinger, NetherlandsOBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between adult male circumcision and sexual satisfaction and function in men, as observational studies on the effect of adult male circumcision on sexual satisfaction show conflicting results.SUBJECTS AND METHODSWe investigated self‐reported sexual satisfaction and function among men enrolled in a randomized trial of male circumcision for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention conducted in Rakai, Uganda. In all, 4456 sexually experienced HIV‐negative males aged 15–49 years were enrolled; 2210 were randomized to receive immediate circumcision (intervention arm) and 2246 to circumcision delayed for 24 months (control arm). Men were followed up at 6, 12 and 24 months, and information on sexual desire, satisfaction and erectile dysfunction was collected. These variables were compared between the study arms and over time within the study arms, using chi‐square or Fisher’s exact tests. The trial registration number is NCT00425984.RESULTSThere were no differences between the study arms at enrolment and problems with sexual satisfaction and function were reported by <2% of participants in both study arms at all time points. At 6 months, no difficulty with penetration was reported by 98.6% of circumcised men and 99.4% of controls (P = 0.02), and no pain on intercourse was reported by 99.4% circumcised and 98.8% of uncircumcised men (P = 0.05). There were no differences between the study arms in penetration or dyspareunia at later visits. Sexual satisfaction increased from 98.0% at enrolment to 99.9% at 2 years among the controls (P < 0.001), but there was no trend in satisfaction among circumcised men (enrolment 98.5%, 2 years 98.4%, P = 0.8).CONCLUSIONAdult male circumcision does not adversely affect sexual satisfaction or clinically significant function in men.
Status Epilepticus Treated by Intravenous Urea
Authors: CARTER C. H. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYOf 57 patients treated for status epilepticus by intravenous urea, only three had recurrences requiring an additional infusion. The average time required for the control of status was between five and six minutes after administration was begun. Intravenous urea is a rapid, safe, and efficacious means of controlling status epilepticus. There was no mortality observed during treatment of this series with intravenous urea.RÉSUMÉSur 57 patients épileptiqués traités intraveineusement par ľurée, trois seulement ont eu des récidives nécessitant une infusion supplémental. La moyenne du temps nécessaire au contrôle de la situation comportait de cinq à six minutes aprés le début de ľadministration. ľurée administerée intraveineusement est un moyen rapide, sans danger et efficace pour le contrôle du status épilepticus. II n'a pas été observé de cas de mort pendant le traitement intraveineux par ľurée de cette série de malades.
Seizure Irradiation during Functional Elimination of the Thalamus by Spreading Depression in the Rat
Authors: AQUINO‐CÍAS J. , BURES J. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe effects of thalamic spreading depression on different forms of epileptic activity were studied in 42 unanaesthetized curarized rats. Afterdischarge evoked by cortical or hippocampal stimulation (1 msec, 20/sec, 5–10 sec) applied during functional elimination of thalamus are considerably shorter than those evoked under control conditions. This result is due to an interference with the mechanism of seizure generalization caused both by primary and secondary effects of thalamic spreading depression. Also early stages of epileptic activation caused by intraperitoneal injection of metrazol (100 mg/kg) are blocked by thalamic spreading depression for about 100 sec. A fully developed afterdischarge or metrazol seizure is not stopped by thalamic spreading depression, however, although the EEG patterns in different brain areas may be considerably modified. It is concluded that the thalamus plays an important role in triggering a generalized epileptic seizure, but that it is not indispensable for sustaining it.RÉASUMÉALes auteurs ont eAtudieA chez 42 rats non anestheAsieAs les effets de la “spreading depression” thalamique sur diffeArents types d'activiteA eApileptique. Les post‐deAcharges provoqueAes par stimulation corticale ou hippocampique sont consideArablement raccourcies par l'eAlimination fonctionnelle du thalamus qui est eAgalement susceptible d'empeCcher pendant environ 100 sec les stades preAcoces de l'activation eApileptique provoqueAe par injection intrapeAritoneAale de cardiazol, alors qu'elle est sans effet sur une crise cardiazolique pleinement deAveloppeAe. Il peut donc eCtre admis que le thalamus joue un roCle important dans le deAclenchement des crises eApileptiques geAneAraliseAes mais qu'il n'est pas indispensable pour le maintien de ces crises.
GABA in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Febrile Convulsions
Authors: Löscher Wolfgang , Rating Dietz , Siemes Hartmut 
Published: August 2010

Summary: In 23 children with febrile convulsions the concentration of y‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured by a radioreceptor assay. The mean CSF GABA concentration of 134 (range, 73–294) pmoles/ml was significantly lower than that of 16 seizure‐free children serving as controls, who had 210 (range, 117–475) pmoles/ml. The reduction in CSF GABA levels in patients with febrile convulsions was not reflected in plasma GABA concentrations. These data provide further evidence that impairment of GABA neurotransmission may contribute to an increased seizure propensity.RÉSUMÉLa concentration de GABA dans le LCR lombaire a été determineée par radio‐récepteur essais chez 23 en‐fants présentant des convulsions fébriles. Le taux moyen de GABA dans le LCR de 134 pmoles/ml (écarts extrémes 73–294) était significativement abaissé par rapport au taux moyen de 16 enfants témoins no présentant pas de convulsions, soit 210 pmoles/ml (117–475). Cette diminution du taux du GABA dans le LCR chez les patients présentant des convulsions fébriles ne se retrouve pas au niveau du taux du GABA plasmatique. Ces faits apportent une preuve supplémental que l'altération de la GABA‐neurotransmission peut contribuer à faciliter la possibilityé de voir apparaître des crises convulsives.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei 23 Kindern mit Fieberkrämpfen wurde die Konzentration der GABA im lumbalen Liquor cerebro‐spinalis (CSF) mit Hilfe eines Radiorezeptor Assays gemessen. Die mittlere CSF‐GABA Konzentration von 134 (73 bis 294) pmol/ml war signifikant niedriger als die von 16 anfallsfreien Kindern, die als Kontrollen dienten; sie zeigten 210(117–475) pmol/ml. Die Ernied‐rigung der CSF‐GABA‐Spiegel bei Patienten mit Fieberkrämpfen zeigte sich nicht in den GABA‐Plasmakonzentrationen. Diese Daten vermitteln wei‐tere Hinweise auf die Beeinträchtigung der GABA‐Neurotransmission, die zu einer erhöhten Anfallsbe‐reitschaft beitragen könnten.RESUMENSe midió la concentración de GABA en el liquido cefalorraquídeo lumbar (CSF) per medio de radio receptor ensayo en 23 ninos con crisis febriles. Las concentraciones medias de GABA en el CSF fueron de 134 pmoles/ml (rango: 73–294) y significativamente inferiores a las de 16 niños libres de ataques que sir‐vieron de control: 210 pmoles/ml (rango: 117–475). La reducción de los niveles de GABA en el CSF de pacientes con convulsiones febriles no se reflejó en las concentraciones plasmáticas. Estos datos propor‐cionan evidencia adicional de que una alteración de la neurotransmisión por GABA puede contribuir a una mayor tendencia a desarrollar ataques comiciales.
Agricultural Exports, Food Production, and Food Security in Latin America1
Authors: Gacitua Estanislao A. , Bello Rosario 
Published: August 2010

Abstract This study assesses the impact of agricultural, export‐oriented policies on food consumption through a time‐series, cross‐sectional regression model. The results of this study lead to three basic conclusions.First, there is a significant negative relationship between agricultural export promotion and food consumption. Economic growth and increasing agricultural exports earnings do not necessarily increase food security. Second, protein consumption per capita constitutes a more sensitive indicator of changes in food consumption and a proxy for the distributional dimension of the food consumption problem. Third, alternative policies should incorporate agricultural export into a broader agroindustrial development strategy aimed at achieving food security both by increasing income and by food production.
Cytomegalovirus hepatitis in normal and immune compromised hosts
Authors: Ten Napel Chr. H. H. , Houthoff H. J. , The T. H. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT— Liver biopsies of six previously normal hosts (Group I, NH), with recent or acute CMV infection, and autopsy liver samples of four immunocompromised hosts (Group II, ICH) with overwhelming CMV infection have been studied in an occasional survey. In both groups, portal tract involvement, bile duct inflammation, liver cell degeneration and parenchymal granulomas were present. In Group I, a randomly distributed hepatitis with predominant involvement of the periportal areas was present, including sinusoidal arrays of lymphocytes and lymphohistiocytic aggregates. In contrast, in Group II liver cell damage was more extensive and the inflammatory infiltration only scarce. Intracellular viral inclusion bodies were found only in Group II, both in liver cells and in bile duct epithelium. Morphologically, the presence of viral inclusion bodies correlated well with the immunohistologic demonstration of CMV specific “late” (CMV‐LA) or structural antigens. In addition, CMV‐specific “early” (CMV‐EA) or non‐structural antigens were present in liver cell nuclei of 2/6 NH and 2/4 ICH.The possible relations between the inflammation and the lack of structural antigenic viral expression are discussed. It is concluded that ICH with CMV infection have a prominent cytopathogenic effect and widespread lytic viral infection in the liver in the absence of adequate immunologic reactivity, whereas the opposite is found in NH.
Remission of active diabetic hepatitis after correction of hyperglycemia
Authors: Tak Paul P. , Ten Kate Flbo J. W. 
Published: August 2010

2Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsABSTRACT— A 60‐year‐old obese woman with type II diabetes mellitus and hepatomegaly exhibited progression of steatosis to hepatitis and cirrhosis. The patient was treated with large amounts of insulin combined with sulfonylurea, resulting in correction of the hyperglycemia. In the subsequent 9 months, weight loss did not occur, whereas insulin therapy could be discontinued. The liver decreased in size, and liver tests normalized. We suggest that intensive treatment of hyperglycemia may result in reversal of insulin resistance in patients with diabetic liver disease, while correction of hyperglycemia can lead to resolution of the hepatic abnormalities associated with diabetes mellitus.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LENGTH OF THE LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY AND HEART WEIGHT
Authors: Paulsen Stein , Vetner Max , Hagerup Leif M. 
Published: August 2010

The length of the left main coronary artery (LMA) was determined in post‐mortem, non‐fixed hearts of normal weight (heart weight < 400 g, group I) and hypertrophic hearts (heart weight ≥ 400 g, group II). Hearts from 76 men and 88 women in group I and 136 men and 61 women in group II were studied.The mean length of LMA in group I was 9.1 mm in men and 8.4 mm in women. Corresponding values in group II were 10.3 mm and 8.8 mm. There was no significant sex difference in the length of LMA in group I, but the sex difference in group II was significant (p<0.01). The difference in length of LMA between groups I and II reveals that the difference in men was significant (p<0.02), but insignificant in women.In the case of both sexes no significant correlation between heart weight and the length of LMA was found either in group I or group II. There was a significant correlation between the area of the left coronary ostium and the length of LMA in men in group I (p<0.05), but not in women. Corresponding comparisons of both sexes in group II were statistically insignificant.
Review article: the current pharmacological therapies for hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: BASS N. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEffective treatment options for hepatic encephalopathy are limited. Based on the principle that intestinal‐derived ammonia contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy, current therapeutic approaches are directed at reducing bacterial production of ammonia and enhancing its elimination.Non‐absorbable disaccharides are first‐line therapy for hepatic encephalopathy, but published clinical studies evaluating their safety and efficacy are limited. Alternative therapies such as benzodiazepine receptor antagonists, branched‐chain amino acids, and l‐ornithine‐l‐aspartate also have limited clinical data supporting their use.Studies of antibiotics indicate that they are effective in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, but adverse effects and concerns about long‐term safety have limited the widespread use of most.Rifaximin is a minimally absorbed antibiotic that concentrates in the gastrointestinal tract and is excreted mostly unchanged in faeces. It has been studied extensively in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy and appears to confer therapeutic benefits greater than those of placebo and non‐absorbable disaccharides and at least comparable with those of systemic antibiotics. Rifaximin was also well tolerated in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and is not associated with clinical drug interactions or clinically relevant bacterial antibiotic resistance.In conclusion, non‐absorbed antibiotics such as rifaximin offer a favourable benefit–risk ratio in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy and may help to improve patient outcomes.
Premarital Cohabitation and the Timing of First Marriage*
Authors: Wu Zheng 
Published: August 2010

L'engouement soudain et récent à l'égard de l'union libre avant le mariage au Canada et dans les pays occidentaux industrialisés est un phénomène sans précédent. Cet article étudie le rôle de l'union de fait en tant qu'élément déterminant de la transition vers un premier mariage. Les données historiques de l'Enquête sociale générale de 1990 ont révélé que l'union de fait retarde le moment du premier mariage d'environ 26% chez les femmes et de 19% chez les hommes. Cette caractéristique reste importante et signifiante après correction du facteur de sélectivité relative à l'union de fait. L'analyse prouve également qu'il existe un phénomène d'autosélection en faveur de l'union de fait. Il semble que l'expérience de l'union libre en tant que telle influe sur les attitudes des individus à l'égard du mariage et diminue leur propension à se marier.The recent surge in premarital cohabitation in Canada and other Western industrial countries is unprecedented. This paper examines the role of cohabitational experiences as a determinant of the transition to first marriage. Using union history data from the 1990 General Social Survey, I find that cohabitational experiences delay the timing of first marriage by about 26% for women and 19% for men. This effect remains substantial and significant after I correct for the selectivity of cohabitation. The analysis also reveals evidence of selection into cohabitation. It appears that the experience of cohabiting itself affects the attitudes of individuals toward marriage and decreases their propensity to marry.
Prevalence and Dissemination of
oqxAB
in
Escherichia coli
Isolates from Animals, Farmworkers, and the Environment
Authors: Zhao Jingjing , Chen Zhangliu , Chen Sheng , Deng Yuting , Liu Yahong , Tian Wei , Huang Xianhui , Wu Congming , Sun Yongxu , Sun Yan , Zeng Zhenling , Liu Jian-Hua 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

OqxAB has recently been identified as one of the mechanisms of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Compared to what is observed for other PMQR determinants, there is a paucity of data with regard to the prevalence and epidemiology of OqxAB and its contribution to resistance to different antimicrobials. In this study, the prevalence and dissemination of
oqxAB
and other PMQR genes in
Escherichia coli
isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment in 2002 in China were investigated. Of the 172
E. coli
isolates, 39.0% carried
oqxA
, while only 4.1%, 2.9%, and 0.6% carried
qnr
(1
qnrB6
isolate, 5
qnrS1
isolates, and 1
qnrD
isolate),
qepA
, and
aac(6′)-Ib-
cr
, respectively. Among the 33 isolates from farmworkers, 10 (30.3%) were positive for
oqxA
.
oqxAB
was associated with IS
26
and was carried on the 43- to 115-kb IncF transferable plasmid. Transconjugants carrying
oqxAB
showed 4- to 16-fold increases in the MICs of quinolones, 16- to 64-fold increases in the MICs of quinoxalines, 8- to 32-fold increases in the MICs of chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 4- to 8-fold increases in the MICs of florfenicol compared to the levels for the recipient. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed that the high levels of prevalence and dissemination of
oqxA
B
in
E. coli
in animal farms were primarily due to the transmission of plasmids carrying
oqxAB
, although clonal transmission between human and swine
E. coli
isolates was observed. It is concluded that
oqxAB
was widespread in animal farms in China, which may be due to the overuse of quinoxalines in animals. This study warrants the prudent use of quinoxalines in food animals.