bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic oxytocics. I: 3‐(piperidyl‐(N)‐methyl‐)indoles and related compounds
Authors: Akkerman A. M. , de Jongh D. K. , Veldstra H. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract3‐(piperydyl‐(N)‐methyl‐)indole and a number of derivatives with substituents in the piperidine‐nucleus, together with some related compounds, were synthesized as simplified analogues of the ergot alkaloïds. Some of them proved to be highly active on the rabbit uterus in situ (sensitized with estrone), the highest active 3‐(2′,6′‐dimethyl‐piperidyl‐(N)‐methyl)‐indole being half as effective as ergometrine. On the isolated uterus of the guinea pig in some cases the activity of the natural drug is surpassed. Structure/activity relationships are indicated, to be followed by a more extensive discussion after 3‐(piperidyl (2) methyl‐) indoles have been evaluated pharmacologically.
Investigations on organic fungicides: IV. Chemical constitution and fungistatic activity of dithiocarbamates, thiuram sulphides and structurally related compounds
Authors: Klöpping H. L. , van der Kerk G. J. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe work reported below forms a part of current investigations on the mode of antifungal action of tetramethylthiuram disulphide and other notorious sulphur fungicides. The relations between chemical constitution and fungistatic activity, and the structural conditions for optimum activity in the group of dithiocarbamates and thiuram disulphides are dealt with. In this group the dimethyldithiocarbamate ion contains all structural elements required for optimum antifungal activity.
The preparation of ozone by electrolysis II
Authors: Boer H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSome improvements in the design of the previously described electrolytic ozone generator are described. These make the apparatus easier to construct and to handle; in addition, the ozone percentage and production are increased, amounting to 15½ % by weight and 14½ mmols/hr at 15 A, and to 15% by weight and 17 mmols/hr., respectively, at 18 A.By stabilization of the electrolyzing current the apparatus has been shown to be highly satisfactory for quantitative purposes. A stabilizer is described by which the composition of the ozone‐oxygen mixture can be kept constant within a few units per mille for several hours.An apparatus capable of producing smaller amounts of high‐percentage ozone, for use at low current strength, without the need of internally cooling the anode, is also described.
Thermal quantities of some cycloparaffins: Part I syntheses
Authors: Kaarsemaker Sj. , Coops J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe following substances were prepared with a view to the accurate determination of their heats of combustion: cyclobutane (from cyclobutanone, originating from the reaction between ketene and diazomethane), cycloheptane, cyclooctane and cyclononane (from the cyclanones, which were made by ringenlargement from cyclohexanone).
On the structure of andrographolide
Authors: Kleipool R. J. C. , Kostermans D. G. F. R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe infrared spectrum of andrographolide shows the presence of a five‐membered unsaturated lactone‐ring and a terminal methylene group in the molecule. On catalytic hydrogenation more than four atoms of hydrogen are taken up. A new diacetyl‐anhydro‐andrographolide is described.
The raman effect of an equimolecular liquid mixture of nitric acid and sulphur trioxide
Authors: Gerding H. , Steeman J. W. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Raman spectrum of an equimolecular liquid mixture of one mole of HNO3 with one mole of SO3 has been determined. From the frequency shifts and the polarization of the Raman lines it is inferred, that the reaction HNO3 + SO3 → NO2+ + HSO4− takes place in a strong, although not in a practically quantitative way.
Gradual separation and economy: 6th Communication, separation by distillation in batches
Authors: Treub J. P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this communication a diagram is developed for fixing the number of distillation elements necessary in the fractionating column for various purities of distillate and residue and for various types of binary systems in distilling with total reflux and with central introduction of intermediates, similar to the diagram given in the 5th communication1) but now in a more general manner. An example of the use of the diagram is also given.
Sur l'alkylation de la phtalylhydrazine (phtalaz‐1,4‐dione)
Authors: Buu‐Hoï Ng. Ph. , le Bihan H. , Binon F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOn montre dans ce travail que la dialkylation de la phtalylhydrazine au moyen de divers halogénures d'alkyles conduit toujours à des 1‐alkyloxy‐3‐alkyl‐4‐phtalazones. Ces derniers composés, traités par le chlorhydrate de pyridine, sont sélectivement déalkylés en position 1, et conduisent à des 3‐alkylphtalaz‐1,4‐diones.
Deacylation of aromatic acetylamino compounds in acid alcoholic medium
Authors: van Roon J. P. , Verkade P. E. , Wepster B. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAromatic acetylamino compounds are converted into the corresponding amino compounds by heating with absolute alcoholic hydrogen chloride; the acetyl group is split off in the form of an ester. This acid deacylation has been studied more closely and compared with the (pseudo) catalytic deacylation in alkaline medium.Contrary to what was found in the latter process, the mesomeric effect (‐M‐effect) of substituents present in the nucleus plays no significant role; acid deacylation is not, like alkaline deacylation, dominated by quinonoid structures. Consequently steric inhibition of the mesomerism in this case has no appreciable influence on the rate of deacylation.Derivatives of acetanilide with two ortho‐substituents are deacylated strikingly slowly. There is no doubt that here we are dealing with cases of classical steric hindrance; on the contrary, this phenomenon does not occur in alkaline deacylation.Acid deacylation is frequently very useful for preparative purposes, particularly in the presence of alkoxycarbonyl groups, carbonamido groups, cyano groups and the like. These substituents remain Intact during the reaction, which is not the case in the classical methods for hydrolysing acetylamino compounds.
Non‐newtonian flow of dilute polymer solutions: III. Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose in solutions of sodium chloride)
Authors: Akkerman F. , Pals D. T. F. , Hermans J. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA direct and straightforward method is used to derive the influence? of the shearing stress on the intrinsic viscosity from the experimental data without introducing empirical or semi‐empirical relations. It can be shown that the method of plotting (t – t0)/t0c where t is the flow time and c the concentration. is in error.The application to carboxy methyl cellulose in dilute salt solutions reveals a pronounced effect of small shear rates on the intrinsic viscosity. On comparing with existing hydrodynamic theories it is found that even the fully extended length of the polymer molecule would be too small to explain the results.
A new synthesis of aryl‐aliphatic alcohols. IV. Application of the method to bicyclic hydrocarbons
Authors: Beets M. G. J. , van Essen H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe method described in the preceding papers of this series3) is applied to 1,2‐dihydronaphthalene and indene. The products of the reaction of indene with formaldehyde are investigated.
An unexpected rearrangement of a benzhydrylammonium compound
Authors: Harms A. F. , Nauta W. Th. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHeating of benzhydryl‐dimethyl‐2‐hydroxyethyl‐ammoniumchloride gives rise to a rearrangement in which the benzhydrylgroup migrates from the nitrogen atom to the oxygen, with the formation of benzhydryl‐dimethyl‐aminoethyl‐ether hydrochloride.
The mechanism of the reaction between ozone and aromatic bonds. A reply to G. M. Badger
Authors: Sixma F. L. J. , Wibaut J. P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA summary is given of experiments which lead to the conclusion that the addition of ozone is an electrophilic reaction. The points of difference and agreement in mechanism between the addition of ozone and electrophilic substitution are discussed. The suggested mechanism is not in opposition to the interpretation of Kooyman and Ketelaar.
The carboxylation of m‐Amino‐Phenol
Authors: Stelt C. V. D. , Suurmond B. G. , Nauta W. Th. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlthough 2‐amino‐4‐hydroxy‐benzoic acid is one of the compounds to be expected as a result of the reaction of carbon dioxide with m.amino‐phenol and potassium bicarbonate in the presence of water, the only monobasic reaction product that could be identified by several authors was 4‐amino‐2‐hydroxy‐benzoic acid. The presence of small quantities of 2‐amino‐4‐hydroxy‐benzoic acid could, however, be demonstrated by the present authors.
Steric effects on mesomerism. VI. Preparation and dipole moment of nitrodurene
Authors: Kofod H. , Sutton L. E. , de Jong W. A. , Verkade P. E. , Wepster B. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe substance supposed to be nitrodurene, prepared by Birtles and Hampson1), has been found to be impure nitroethoxydurene. Pure nitrodurene could be obtained by two independent methods; its dipole moment has been measured for the first time.
Contribution a la connaissance des diazomethyl‐cetones
Authors: Ultée A. J. , Soons J. B. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAu cours de recherches synthétiques dans le domaine de l'auxine‐a, les auteurs ont eu l'occasion d'étudier de plus près les propriétés de quelques diazocétones aliphatiques; ils ont constaté que la transposition de Wolff ne s'effectue pas toujours aisément.
Course of the reaction between orthophthalaldehyde and hydroxylamine
Authors: Kampschmidt L. W. F. , Wibaut J. P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe formation of the mono‐oxime of phthalimide (IV) by the reaction of ortho‐phthalaldehyde with hydroxylamine is found to take place via several intermediate steps. In this reaction some dioxime of phthalimide is formed. A simple method for preparing the mono‐oxime of phthalimide is described.
The influence of cations on the gelatin gel. III. The influence on the elasticity
Authors: Nobel P. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe influence of the chlorides of a number of monovalent and divalent metals on the elasticity of gelatin gels was studied. Upon the elasticity values being plotted against the equivalent conductances of the cations, the curve found for the divalent metals was analogous to the curve found in the swelling experiments. The monovalent cations have the same influence on the elasticity, except for the lithium ion, which causes a greater elasticity value. The change of the elasticity during the ageing of the gel was investigated.
The formation and decomposition of dimethylolurea
Authors: de Jong J. I. , de Jonge J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe formation and decomposition of dimethylolurea shows a close resemblance to that of monomethylolurea previously studiedJ. I. de Jong and J. de Jonge, Rec. trav. chim. 71, 643 (1952).
a) The reaction between formaldehyde and monomethylurea giving dimethylolurea leads to an equilibrium which can be reached from both sides. The equilibrium is independent of the pH of the solution.b) The formation of dimethylolurea from formaldehyde and monomethylolurea appeared to be a bimolecular reaction. The decomposition of dimethylolurea is monomolecular.c) Both reactions are catalyzed to the same extent by hydrogen ions and by hydroxyl ions and there is an influence of the buffer concentration on the velocity. The reaction rates are found to be directly proportional to the hydrogen and hydroxyl—ion concentrations.d) The activation energies have been determined. Within experimental error these energies were found to be about the same as the activation energies of the monomethylolurea formation and decomposition, viz. 14 and 19 kcal/mole.The reaction mechanism is briefly discussed.The formation of trimethylolurea could not be observed.
La thermomécanique des phenomenes de transport. Quelques remarques à propos de l'article de m. j. e. Verschaffelt
Authors: Overbeek J. Th. G. , Mazur P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLes auteurs montrent comment la théorie thermomécanique des phénomènes de transport conduit dans le cas des phénomènes electrocinétiques à un résultat qui est contraire à l'expérience.
Determination of radioactive cobalt in biological material
Authors: de Wael J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA rapid method for the determination of 60Co in biological material is proposed. After wet ashing of the organic substances with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide 60Co is precipitated in the presence of a large excess of 59Co as potassium cobaltinitrite. The latter is collected on a filter paper. The amount of 60Co present in the precipitate is measured with the help of a Geiger‐Müller tube, comparing the counts registered by the scaler with the counts obtained using a precipitate of potassium cobaltinitrite containing a known amount of 60Co.
The raman effect of N2O4. 3 SO3 and N2O5. 3 SO3
Authors: Gerding H. , Eriks K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe preparation of a compound corresponding to the formula N2O5. 3 SO3 is given. Neither in the manner of preparation described by Pictet and Karl, nor in other way was a stable compound of composition N2O5. 4 SO3 obtained. The Raman spectrum of solid N2O5. 3 SO3 and of a solid preparation of the average composition N2O4. 3 SO3 are determined. Herefrom it may be concluded that N2O5. 3 SO3 has to be considered as (NO2+)2. S3O10−−, whereas the product of formula N2O4. 3 SO3 contains NO2+ and NO+ ions besides the same negative ions S3O10−−.
Untersuchungen über Derivate von 2,3‐Dihydropyran‐2,4‐dion. (1. Mitteilung) )
Authors: Kögl F. , Salemink C. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Darstellung von bisher nicht beschriebenen höheren Homologen der Dehydracetsäure und des Triacetsäure‐lactons. Diese Verbindungen zeigen antibakterielle Wirkungen, welche ein näheres Studium wünschenswert erscheinen liessen.
Mechanisms of reactions for introducing sulphonic acid groups into fatty acids
Authors: de Boer J. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAliphatic sulpho carbonic acids are mostly prepared by one of three methods, viz.
the direct sulphonation of fatty acids
the addition of bisulphite to an unsaturated fatty acid
the substitution of halogen by the sulphonic acid group.
All three methods have been thoroughly studied by H. J. Backer and his collaborators. All experimental evidence of method a) indicates the mechanism to be a consecutive series of ionic reactions, the real sulphonation agent being the (SO3H) + ion.It may be that in method b) the negatively charged (SO3H)− ion is the acting agent. Experiments of the author, executed in 1922 in Backer's lab. and only published in his doctor's thesis, indicate that method c) may be governed by a radical mechanism. Such a mechanism is not entirely excluded for method b).
Compounds related to provitamin D3 (IV) ): 3‐Methylcholesterol and the corresponding provitamin (3‐methylprovitamin D3)
Authors: Strating J. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract3‐Methylcholesterol (II), obtained by the action of Δ5‐cholestenone‐3 (I) with methylmagnesium iodide, probably has the same steric configuration (3β) at carbon atom 3 as cholesterol itself, because it gives, like cholesterol, a digitonide.Bromination of the benzoate (IIIb) by means of bromosuccinimide, followed by elimination of HBr, leads to the benzoate of 3‐methyl‐provitamin D3 (IVb). This difficultly saponifiable ester is easily converted into the corresponding 3‐methylprovitamin D3 (7‐dehydro‐3‐methylcholesterol) (V) by action with LiAlH4.The anti‐rachitic activity of the irradiated compound is about 1/80 of that of vitamin D3.
Reactions of thiophene dioxides
Authors: Melles J. L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe substituted thiophene‐1.1‐dioxides are stable substances; they react with maleic anhydride, with nucleophilic reagents, and with reducing agents.Phenylated and methylated thiophene‐1,1‐dioxides and maleic anhydrides give—with one exception—endovinylene‐cyclohexane‐tetracarboxylic anhydrides; the intermediate endosulphonyl compounds could not be isolated.Most of the sulphones are not stable towards alkalis and amines. Definite reaction products were isolated in a few cases, e.g. from 3,4‐dimethylthiophene‐1,1‐dioxide and piperidine. Another synthesis of this sulphone is the dehydrohalogenation of 3,4‐dibromo‐3,4‐dimethyl‐thiacyclopentane‐1,1‐dioxide.Many of these sulphones can be reduced to real thiophene derivatives. In one case both the reduction and the hydrogenation product are identified.
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The preparation of 1‐methyl‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐diazobenzene‐5‐sulphonic acid
Authors: Klaassens K. H. , Schoot C. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe preparation of 1‐methyl‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐diazobenzene‐5‐sulphonic acid, starting from o‐cresol, is described. With a small quantity of a strong acid a suspension of 1‐methyl‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐aminobenzene‐5‐sulphonic acid in a solution of sodium nitrite gives the sodium salt of the diazonium compound.
Synthesis of β‐phenyl‐ethylamine derivatives II condensation of phenols with amino‐acetonitriles
Authors: Moed H. D. , Asscher M. , van Draanen P. J. A. , Niewind H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA description is given of the condensation of amino‐acetonitriles with phenols according to the method of Houben‐Hoesch. The condensations have led to the preparation of a number of compounds of the type:
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A number of s̀‐amino‐acetophenones have been converted into compounds with sympathomimetic activity. An investigation has been made into the conditions and the mechanism of the synthesis, and the influence of substituents in the benzene nucleus on the reactivity of the phenol component. A discussion is devoted to the electronic interpretation of the synthesis according to Houben‐Hoesch.
Preparation of aldehydes by the oxidation of alcohols with lead tetra‐acetate. Part I. Pyridylaldehydes
Authors: Mićović V. M. , Mihailović M. Lj. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA method is described for the preparation of pyridylaldehydes (pyridylmethanals), as well as of several derivatives of these compounds, some of which have not hitherto been mentioned in the literature. The aldehydes were obtained from the corresponding pyridinecarboxylic acids, which were esterified, the ethyl esters reduced with lithium aluminium hydride to the pyridylmethanols and the latter in turn oxidized with lead tetra‐acetate in benzene solution.
Sur le Dosage de Traces de Cobalt
Authors: Gallego R. , Deijs W. B. , Feldmeijer J. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNous avons étudié les facteurs principaux pouvant modifier la formation du complexe du cobalt avec le sel du nitrosodérivé de l'acide R et aussi ceux qui peuvent intervenir dans la décomposition de ce complexe. Ensuite nous avons étudié les moyens qui permettent d'éliminer les complexes des autres métaux et l'excès du sel du nitrosodérivé de l'acide R.La méthode à l'acide nitrique cause une destruction incomplète du réactif libre, tandis que l'acide chlorhydrique décompose seulement les complexes des autres métaux et protège le complexe de cobalt pendant la bromuration, donnant ainsi des résultats très reproductibles. Le brome est un réactif excellent pour détruire l'excès du sel du nitrosodérivé de l'acide R, mais il faut employer du sulfite pour réduire les restes de brome libre.
Kinetical experiments on ozonization reactions. IV. Pyridine and some of its derivatives
Authors: Sixma F. L. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe addition of ozone to 3‐methylpyridine, 2,6‐dimethylpyridine, and 2,4,6‐trimethylpyridine was studied quantitatively. After hydrolysis of the reaction products, the quantity of ammonia formed was measured. The results show that in all the cases investigated the action of ozone leads to the formation of a diozonide; no indication of the addition of ozone to the CN bond was found with any of these compounds.Further the velocity was measured of the ozone addition to the abovementioned compounds, and also to pyridine, 2‐ and 4‐methylpyridine, and 4‐ethylpyridine. The reaction velocity is smaller than that of the corresponding benzene derivatives. Introduction of methyl groups into the pyridine nucleus enhances the reactivity with regard to ozone.
Reactivity of 4‐nitropyridine‐N‐oxide (III): Reduction in alkaline medium
Authors: den Hertog H. J. , Henkens C. H. , van Roon J. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt is shown that by reduction of 4‐nitropyridine‐N‐oxide in alkaline medium there are formed i.a. 4,4′‐azopyridine, 4,4′‐azopyridine‐N‐oxide, and 4,4′‐azopyridine‐N,N′‐dioxide.Syntheses of 4,4′‐azoxypyridine, one of its monoxides, and its dioxide from 4‐nitropyridine are described.The structure of the above‐mentioned substances is discussed in connection with their ultraviolet absorption spectra.
Investigations on organic fungicides. VII. Further considerations regarding the relations between chemical structure and antifungal action of dithiocarbamate and bisdithiocarbamate derivatives
Authors: van der Kerk G. J. M. , Klöpping H. L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present paper is a continuation of current work on dithiocarbamic acid derivatives.By using four test organisms a limited antifungal spectrum is obtained for each compound investigated. These antifungal spectra can be subdivided into four different specificity types, each type comprising compounds or groups of compounds which may be related as to their general mode of antifungal action. This subdivision is supported by the results of respiration measurements. Theoretical considerations allow a more profound specification of the relations between constitution and antifungal activity in the dithiocarbamic acid series.
Studies in azo‐dyestuffs from 6‐amino‐2,3‐dihydro‐3‐ketobenzo‐1,4‐thiazine, with special reference to their possible anthelmintic effects and dyeing properties
Authors: Mackie Alexander , Cutler A. Anthony 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAzo‐dyestuffs have been prepared from 6‐amino‐2,3‐dihydro‐3‐ketobenzo‐1,4‐thiazine by coupling with various hydroxy‐compounds and with anthranilic acid. Some of them have shown depressant effects on Ascaris lumbricoides and liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) in vitro, and gave good shades and wool. All the colours were fast to light.
Nouvelle Synthèse de Sulfonamides: Réaction de L'anhydride sulfureux sur le Diphényl‐Diazométhane en Présence D'amines. Propriétés du groupe sulfonyle XXIX
Authors: Kloosterziel H. , Deinema M. H. , Backer H. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLa réaction de SO2 sur le diphényldiazométhane en présence d'amines aliphatiques primaires et secondaires conduit aux amides substitués de l'acide diphénylméthanesulfonique. On peut admettre que les amines se fixent sur la double liaison d'un sulfène intermédiaire.
Thermodynamic study on the influence of the carbon chain length of homologous compounds on physical and chemical equilibria in systems consisting of one or more phases
Authors: Eerbeek C. D. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt is to be expected that for the higher members of a homologous series the heat of formation at a given temperature and state of aggregation is a linear function of the number of C atoms in the normal alkyl group; the increment of the heat of formation per C atom is independent of the nature of the series.Assuming that this law remains true for infinitely diluted solutions, corollaries are derived for various thermodynamic equilibria in which a member of a homologous series occurs.It is found that the relations derived for the distribution equilibrium for two liquid phases at infinite dilution, the equilibrium constant for chemical reactions at infinite dilution, the vapour pressure of a homologous series at a given temperature, etc. contain either
quantities independent of n (i.e. the number of C atoms in the normal alkyl group)
quantities linearly related to n, or
quantities whose logarithms are linearly related to n.