bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of intertube interactions in different functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes incorporated in a phenoxy resin
Authors: Disfani Mahdi Najjar , Jafari Seyed‐Hassan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this work, about 1 wt% of different functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs), namely CNTCOOH (CNT with carboxylic groups), CNTNH2 (CNT with amine groups) and CNTOH (CNT with hydroxyl groups), as well as nonfunctionalized CNTs were incorporated into a phenoxy resin via a melt mixing process. The extent of intertubes and polymer–tubes interactions and their influence on state of CNTs dispersion were assessed through determination of electrical, rheological, and morphological characteristics. CNTNH2 showed the lowest intertubes interactions followed by CNTOH and CNTCOOH. Nanocomposite made from CNTCOOH showed the poorest state of CNTs dispersion and the biggest CNTs agglomerates and it remained nonconductive. The acid‐functionalized CNTs were not able to form strong polymer–tube interactions because of their high cohesive energy and therefore in the melt rheological investigations they exhibited the lowest storage modulus and complex viscosity as well as the highest loss factor among all the studied CNTs. A good balance between intertubes and polymer–tube interactions is necessary through proper selection of CNTs functional groups for achieving a good state of CNTs dispersion and consequently obtaining enhanced electrical and viscoelastic properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of crosslink density on the refractive index of a polysiloxane network based on 2,4,6,8‐tetramethyl‐2,4,6, 8‐tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane
Authors: Tyng Looi Yien , Ramli Mohamad Riduwan , Othman Muhammad Bisyrul Hafi , Ramli Rafiza , Ishak Zainal Arifin Mohd , Ahmad Zulkifli 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCrosslink density is one of the factors which dictate the optical and mechanical properties of silicone‐based polymers. A series of hydrosilyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane cured with 2,4,6,8‐tetramethyl‐2,4,6,8‐tetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane was prepared to form a crosslink network. They were clear gel forms whose elastomeric features were dependent on the end‐capper concentration, 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane, employed during their synthesis. The siloxane‐based polymers displayed excellent thermal stability whose decomposition temperature was around 480 °C. The refractive index was in the range 1.410–1.425. It was found that the refractive index is dependent on the crosslink density of the network. The effect of fractional free volume and ‘densification’ of the network was elucidated and found to contribute to this dependence. The Lorentz–Lorenz model was used to integrate these observations. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The course of positive affective and cognitive states in borderline personality disorder: A 10‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Reed Lawrence Ian , Fitzmaurice GARRETT , Zanarini MARY C. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe first aim of this study was to identify the course of positive states present in borderline personality disorder (BPD) and compare them with those of subjects with other personality disorders. The second was to compare the positive states of borderline patients who recovered from BPD with those who did not. Two hundred ninety patients with BPD and 72 non‐borderline axis II subjects (OPD) completed the Positive Affect Scale (PAS), a 50‐item self‐report measure designed to assess positive states thought to be common among and characteristic of BPD over a 10‐year course of prospective follow‐up. Affective, cognitive and mixed PAS items were separately analysed on the basis of respective subscores. Borderline patients reported positive states less frequently than OPD subjects. Additionally, affective and cognitive subscores increased significantly for both groups taken together. Within the BPD group, recovered patients reported more positive states compared with non‐recovered patients. Results also showed a significant increase in affective and cognitive states for both groups taken together. These results suggest a characteristic profile of positive states within borderline patients that is far lower than those reported by axis II comparison subjects. They also suggest that this characteristic profile is predictive of recovery of BPD over time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aqueous developable dual switching photoresists for nanolithography
Authors: Chen Lan , Goh Yong Keng , Cheng Han Hao , Smith Bruce W. , Xie Peng , Montgomery Warren , Whittaker Andrew K. , Blakey Idriss 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPhoton‐mediated switching of polymer solubility plays a crucial role in the manufacture of integrated circuits by photolithography. Conventional photoresists typically rely on a single switching mechanism based on either a change in polarity or, molecular weight of the polymer. Here we report a photoresist platform that uses both mechanisms. The molecular weight switch was achieved by using a poly(olefin sulfone) designed to undergo photo‐induced chain scission. The polarity switch was achieved using pendant groups functionalized with o‐nitrobenzyl esters. These are hydrophobic photosensitive‐protecting groups for hydrophilic carboxylic acids. On irradiation, they are cleaved, making the polymer soluble in aqueous base. Importantly, the resists do not contain photoacid generator, so do not suffer from problems associated with acid diffusion that are detrimental to pattern fidelity. The 193 nm photochemistry of polymer thin films was followed using grazing angle attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, and measurements of solubility in aqueous base. The nanoscale patterning performance of the polymers was also assessed using 193 nm interference lithography and electron‐beam lithography. The implications of using dual switching mechanisms are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Biohybrid nanogels by crosslinking of ovalbumin with reactive star‐PEGs in W/O emulsions
Authors: Singh Smriti , Blöhbaum Julia , Möller Martin , Pich Andrij 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article reports the synthesis of biohybrid nanogels by crosslinking six‐arm acrylate functionalized star shaped P(EO‐stat‐PO) with the amine groups of various amino acids of a hen egg ovalbumin in W/O emulsion. PEG Poly(ethylene glycol)‐diamines of different molecular weights (368.5 g/mol, 897.1 g/mol, 3000 g/mol, and 6000 g/mol) were used to optimize the crosslinking reactions in aqueous droplets. The increase of molecular weight of the PEG‐diamine led to decrease of the nanogel size due to better stabilization by longer PEG chains. The size of the ovalbumin nanogels was independent of the acrylate‐sP(EO‐stat‐PO):ovalbumin ratio in the reaction mixture. The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay proved that the ovalbumin has been effectively crosslinked by reactive prepolymers. From the results of BCA assay, it can also be established that there exists a limiting amount of ovalbumin which can be incorporated into the nanogels. Both Diamine and ovalbumin‐based nanogels exhibit amphoteric behavior and display a positive charge in acidic and a negative charge in basic environment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Comprehensive identification of erythrocyte membrane protein deficiency by 2D gel electrophoresis based proteomic analysis in hereditary elliptocytosis and spherocytosis
Authors: Demiralp Duygu Ozel , Peker Selen , Turgut Burhan , Akar Nejat 
Published: July 2012

PurposeSodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1DE) may reveal qualitative or quantitative defects in red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteins, two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) can be used for determination of the protein changes caused by the disease process in a relatively high‐throughput manner, because it permits an analysis of thousands of modified or unmodified proteins simultaneously. The principal aim of this study was to compare hereditary elliptocytosis (HE), hereditary spherocytosis (HS), and control RBC membrane protein profiles and identify proteins as a clinical marker by the sensitive methods.Experimental designRBC membrane proteins of HE, HS, and control groups were compared by 2DE and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) MS analysis was obtained using peptide mass fingerprint for protein identification.ResultsTwenty proteins were identified with peptide mass fingerprint analysis and different expression levels were found in HE, HS, and controls for some proteins that includes three biomarker proteins (ankyrin, spectrin, band 3) that may have prognostic or predictive importance.Conclusions and clinical relevance2DE of RBC proteins is a potentially valuable method for studying heritable disorders such as HE and HS. By identifying a deficiency in membrane proteins associated with the RBC cytoskeleton, the diagnosis of HE and HS can be confirmed.
Ability of NIRS technology to determine pesticides in liquid samples at maximum residue levels
Authors: Arias Nerea , Arazuri Silvia , Jarén Carmen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Pesticide residues remaining on food represent a potential risk to consumer's health. Determination of these pesticide residues involves tedious procedures of analysis with regard to time and laboratory work. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a possible alternative to these methods. The aim of this research was to evaluate the ability of NIRS to classify two pesticides used for controlling apple fruit pests according to their concentration. Different solutions were prepared, based on the dose recommended by the pesticide producers for apple pest treatments. Spectra were acquired on a spectrophotometer from liquid samples belonging to these solutions.RESULTS: Calibration models were developed from liquid samples, following the soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) analysis method. These models classified between 99 and 100% of the validation samples belonging to different pesticide concentration solutions even at the maximum residue limit level of these products in apple fruit.CONCLUSIONS: NIRS technology shows a high potential for identifying pesticides in liquid samples, according to their concentration, at the levels required by the legislation. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficacy of attract‐and‐kill devices for the control of Ceratitis capitata
Authors: Navarro‐Llopis Vicente , Primo Jaime , Vacas Sandra 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The control of Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann traditionally has relied on chemical control with organophosphate insecticides. The use of many of these substances has been banned by new European directives; therefore, the development of new control methods is essential to manage this pest. Bait sprays with spinosad, mass trapping and lure‐and‐kill techniques have been the base for new integrated pest management programmes. In this study, a 2 year field trial was conducted in two citrus areas to test the efficacy of attract‐and‐kill devices against mass trapping and spinosad‐plus‐bait treatments.RESULTS: The Magnet® MED attract‐and‐kill device, Spintor® treatments and mass trapping achieved good control of C. capitata populations, as confirmed by low percentages of damaged fruit in the assessments performed during the harvest period. On the other hand, fly population levels on plots treated with other attract‐and‐kill prototype devices increased more than threefold by comparison with the populations recorded in the rest of the treated plots. The same effect was observed for fruit damage, with 6–8 times less damage with Magnet® MED and spinosad treatments, respectively, than with the attract‐and‐kill prototype devices.CONCLUSION: By using an effective attractant, conventional trapping systems can be replaced with cheaper and easier‐to‐handle attract‐and‐kill devices. The efficacy of these devices and their advantages over conventional mass trapping systems are discussed. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Theoretical studies of the band structure and optoelectronic properties of ZnOxS1−x
Authors: Khan Imad , Ahmad Iftikhar 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn the present article, we have revisited the electronic band gap nature of ZnOxS1−x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) with the recently developed modified Becke and Johnson exchange potential and the calculated band gaps are found consistent with the experimental results. We expect that the band gap bowing parameter obtained in the present work will be close to the experimental one. As the optical properties of ZnOxS1−x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are very important, therefore different optical parameters like dielectric functions, refractive index and reflectivity are also calculated. The results are illustrated in terms of band structures, band gap energy as a function of oxygen composition, total and partial density of states. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microscopic Origin of the Fast Blue‐Green Luminescence of Chemically Synthesized Non‐oxidized Silicon Quantum Dots
Authors: Dohnalová Kateřina , Fučíková Anna , Umesh Chinnaswamy P. , Humpolíčková Jana , Paulusse Jos M. J. , Valenta Jan , Zuilhof Han , Hof Martin , Gregorkiewicz Tom 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe microscopic origin of the bright nanosecond blue‐green photoluminescence (PL), frequently reported for synthesized organically terminated Si quantum dots (Si‐QDs), has not been fully resolved, hampering potential applications of this interesting material. Here a comprehensive study of the PL from alkyl‐terminated Si‐QDs of 2–3 nm size, prepared by wet chemical synthesis is reported. Results obtained on the ensemble and those from the single nano‐object level are compared, and they provide conclusive evidence that efficient and tunable emission arises due to radiative recombination of electron–hole pairs confined in the Si‐QDs. This understanding paves the way towards applications of chemical synthesis for the development of Si‐QDs with tunable sizes and bandgaps.
Highly Luminescent–Paramagnetic Nanophosphor Probes for In Vitro High‐Contrast Imaging of Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Gupta Bipin Kumar , Narayanan Tharangattu N. , Vithayathil Sajna Antony , Lee Yean , Koshy Shyny , Reddy Arava Leela Mohana , Saha Avishek , Shanker V. , Singh V. N. , Kaipparettu Benny Abraham , Martí Angel A. , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHighly luminescent–paramagnetic nanophosphors have a seminal role in biotechnology and biomedical research due to their potential applications in biolabeling, bioimaging, and drug delivery. Herein, the synthesis of high‐quality, ultrafine, europium‐doped yttrium oxide nanophosphors (Y1.9O3:Eu0.13+) using a modified sol–gel technique is reported and in vitro fluorescence imaging studies are demonstrated in human breast cancer cells. These highly luminescent nanophosphors with an average particle size of ≈6 nm provide high‐contrast optical imaging and decreased light scattering. In vitro cellular uptake is shown by fluorescence microscopy, which visualizes the characteristic intense hypersensitive red emission of Eu3+ peaking at 610 nm (5D0–7F2) upon 246 nm UV light excitation. No apparent cytotoxicity is observed. Subsequently, time‐resolved emission spectroscopy and SQUID magnetometry measurements demonstrate a photoluminescence decay time in milliseconds and paramagnetic behavior, which assure applications of the nanophosphors in biomedical studies.
OIntEd: online ontology instance editor enabling a new approach to ontology development
Authors: Wibisono Adianto , Koning Ralph , Grosso Paola , Belloum Adam , Bubak Marian , de Laat Cees 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYOntology development involves people with different background knowledge and expertise. It is an elaborate process, where sophisticated tools for experienced knowledge engineers are available. However, domain experts need simple tools that they can use to focus on ontology instantiation. In this paper, we propose a methodology with a separation of concern between domain experts and knowledge engineers. This separation allows domain experts to focus on information processing and ontology instantiation while providing immediate feedback to the knowledge engineers on usability of the ontology being developed. We have designed and implemented OINTED, an adaptive online ontology instance editor that supports this methodology. We present usage examples of OINTED that highlight three main features: the intuitive visualization of concepts, instances, and relationships within an ontology; the seamless integration in pre‐existing problem solving environment; and the assistance in ontology evolution. OINTED complements existing tools suited for knowledge engineers by enabling immediate feedback and a shorter ontology development life cycle. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of dronabinol on morphine‐induced dopamine‐related behavioral effects in animals
Authors: Mori Tomohisa , Shibasaki Masahiro , Abe Minako , Udagawa Yuya , Suzuki Tsutomu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe present study examined the effects of dronabinol, a United States FDA‐approved synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist, on morphine (a prototypic μ‐opioid receptor agonist)‐induced dopamine‐related behaviors in animals. Dronabinol suppressed the rewarding effects of morphine in rats and its emetic effects in ferrets. Furthermore, the morphine‐induced increase in dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens was significantly attenuated by dronabinol, which indicated that the suppressive effects of dronabinol on morphine‐induced behaviors are at least in part mediated by regulation of the dopaminergic system. Since cannabinoid receptor agonists have been shown to enhance the antinociceptive effects of morphine, the use of dronabinol as an adjuvant could be useful for preventing the adverse effects of μ‐opioid receptor agonists when used to control pain. Synapse 66:931–937, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulation study of temperature sensitivity of silicon nanowire transistors with different types of orientations
Authors: Hashim Yasir , Sidek Othman 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper presents the temperature characteristics of a silicon nanowire transistor and its use as a temperature sensor. The OMEN nanowire simulation tool was used to investigate the temperature characteristics of the transistor. Current–voltage characteristics with different values of temperature for three orientations were simulated. The metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) diode connection suggests the use of the silicon nanowire transistor as a temperature nanosensor. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Opening Spaces for Critical Literacy: Introducing Books to Young Readers
Authors: Labadie Meredith , Wetzel Melissa Mosley , Rogers Rebecca 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHow might book introductions open up spaces for critical literacy? This is the research question we asked while examining the records of teaching and learning within a yearlong teacher‐research project in a second grade classroom. We designed a series of literacy units focused on themes of human rights, freedom, peace, and civil rights. Our focus in this paper is on one slice of the classroom's literacy life: book introductions. Our findings indicate that spaces for critical literacy were opened up through the teachers' careful selection of books; the teachers' use of purposeful prompts, and the teachers' willingness to let silence reign during the book introduction. We display three important findings through “telling examples” of what critical literacy book introductions sound and look like.
Prospective study evaluating performance of first‐trimester combined screening for trisomy 21 using repeat sampling of maternal serum markers PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG
Authors: Ekelund C. , Wright D. , Ball S. , Kirkegaard I. , Nørgaard P. , Sørensen S. , Friis‐Hansen L. , Jørgensen F. S. , Tørring N. , Bech B. H. , Petersen O. B. , Tabor A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo prospectively evaluate the performance of first‐trimester combined screening for trisomy 21 using the biochemical markers pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and free beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (free β‐hCG) obtained before and at the time of the nuchal translucency (NT) scan.MethodsThree fetal medicine departments in Denmark participated in the study. Screening for trisomy 21 was set up as a two‐step approach with blood sampling performed before the NT scan (early sample) and again at the time of the NT scan (late sample). PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG were measured on both the early and late samples. Age‐standardized detection and false‐positive rates for different screening protocols were calculated.ResultsWe collected two blood samples in 27 pregnancies affected by trisomy 21 and in 3891 control pregnancies. The early samples were taken between gestational ages 8 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks, and the late samples between 11 + 3 and 14 + 6 weeks. The median interval between the samples was 17 (range, 1–40) days. We found a significantly better estimated screening performance when using early sampling vs late sampling (P < 0.05). With a risk cut‐off of 1 in 100, at the time of the risk assessment the estimated detection and false‐positive rates when using the early sample were 91% (95% CI, 81–98%) and 1.6% (95% CI, 1.3–2.0%), respectively. For fixed false‐positive rates the highest detection rates were achieved using both blood samples. When comparing early sampling vs double sampling there was no significant difference in screening performance.ConclusionIn combined first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21, use of early sampling with measurement of PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG before the time of the NT scan can optimize screening performance. Using maternal serum markers obtained both before and at the time of the NT scan has the potential to further improve performance, but larger studies are needed to confirm this potential. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the addition of nano‐CaCo3 at dry mixing or onset of fusion on the dispersion, torque, and mechanical properties of compounded PVC
Authors: Sajjadi Jazi S.H. , Nasr Esfahany M. , Bagheri R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA Brabender torque rheometer equipped with an internal mixer was used to study the influence of compounding method on the properties of (rigid PVC)/(treated and untreated nano‐CaCO3) nanocomposites. Two different methods were studied for the addition of surface treated and untreated nano‐CaCO3 during the melt mixing of rigid PVC. Direct dry mixing of rigid PVC and nano‐CaCO3, and addition of nano‐CaCO3 at the onset of PVC fusion were investigated. Dispersion of treated and untreated nano‐CaCO3 was studied by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that using direct dry mixing improved the dispersion of nano‐CaCO3 in the PVC matrix by lowering the fusion time. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposite samples such as impact strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break were improved by using this method. The addition of treated nano‐CaCO3 at the onset of fusion caused a simultaneous decrease in torque. Also, rigid PVC nanocomposites prepared with treated nano‐CaCO3 showed better mechanical properties than those of nanocomposites prepared with the untreated nano‐CaCO3. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 18:153–160, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers