bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Texture Evolution in Si‐Alloyed Ultra Low‐Carbon Steels after Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Gobernado P. , Petrov R. , Ruiz D. , Leunis E. , Kestens Leo A. I. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractConventional thermomechanical processing of low‐carbon steels leads to a characteristic texture dominated by a strong <111>//ND fiber after recrystallization. The latter texture is beneficial for certain applications, such as deep drawing, while it is detrimental for others, including magnetic applications. With regard to magnetic applications, there is an ongoing effort to improve the final texture in ferromagnetic materials such as Fe–Si alloys used in transformers and electrical devices. Since the <100> directions are the axes of easy magnetization, it is essential to produce a texture that maximizes the volume fraction of grains with a <100> crystal direction in the flux direction. Bearing in mind that no phase transformation occurs during the processing of Fe–3%Si, plastic deformation and recrystallization are the prime controlling instruments to generate an appropriate microstructure and texture. In this study, the potential of severe plastic rolling deformation is considered. It is shown that, by strongly increasing the cold‐rolling reduction, the volume fraction of the unfavourable {111} component is significantly decreased and the specific {113}<136> component arises after annealing.
Anisotropic Growth of Iron Oxyhydroxide Nanorods and their Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Li Song , Qin Gaowu W. , Zhang Yudong , Pei Wenli , Zuo Liang , Esling Claude 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIron (oxyhydr)oxides are promising candidates for highly efficient photocatalysts towards water splitting and degradation of organic pollutants under solar irradiation. In this paper, α‐FeOOH nanorods with diameters in the range 50–100 nm are successfully prepared through the hydrothermal method from different iron cations, and no organic surfactants or molecular stabilizers are adopted in the growth procedure. The origin of the 1D structure of α‐FeOOH is attributed to the anisotropic growth characteristics of the crystals, as predicted by the BFDH model. The photocatalytic properties of the nanorods obtained are evaluated by decomposing methyl orange in water under UV‐visible illumination.
Organic Transistors in Optical Displays and Microelectronic Applications
Authors: Gelinck Gerwin , Heremans Paul , Nomoto Kazumasa , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOrganic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) offer unprecedented opportunities for implementation in a broad range of technological applications spanning from large‐volume microelectronics and optical displays to chemical and biological sensors. In this Progress Report, we review the application of organic transistors in the fields of flexible optical displays and microelectronics. The advantages associated with the use of OTFT technology are discussed with primary emphasis on the latest developments in the area of active‐matrix electrophoretic and organic light‐emitting diode displays based on OTFT backplanes and on the application of organic transistors in microelectronics including digital and analog circuits.
Dual Amine‐ and Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed α‐Allylic Alkylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Xu Li‐Wen , Gao Guang , Gu Feng‐Lei , Sheng Hao , Li Li , Lai Guo‐Qiao , Jiang Jian‐Xiong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA very simple method was developed for the direct, palladium‐free catalytic α‐allylic alkylation of aldehydes. The direct organocatalytic intermolecular α‐allylic alkylation reaction was mediated by a simple combination of Brønsted acid and enamine catalysis which furnished α‐allylic alkylated aldehydes and cyclohexanone in high yields and chemoselectivities. The reaction conditions are mild and environmental friendly, the process is conducted under an atmosphere of air without the need for dried solvents, and water is the only side product of the allylic alkylation reaction.
Chirally Modified Platinum Nanoparticles Stabilized by Dendritic Core‐Multishell Architectures for the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ethyl Pyruvate
Authors: Keilitz Juliane , Nowag Sabrina , Marty Jean‐Daniel , Haag Rainer 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this paper we present the asymmetric hydrogenation of α‐keto esters with platinum nanoparticles homogeneously stabilized in dendritic core‐multishell architectures. The main focus lies on recycling and metal leaching, because little is reported so far about these aspects. It is shown that the stabilizing polymer allows for the efficient modification of the Pt surface with the chiral alkaloid cinchonidine, thereby inducing enantioselectivity and enhancing the reaction rate in the asymmetric hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate. After optimization of the reaction conditions 63% ee for (R)‐ethyl lactate was obtained. During recycling it was found that this value could even be increased upon ultrafiltration of the catalyst prior to use. Recycling was accomplished for 10 cycles with stable activity and enantioselectivity (∼73% ee) in the first eight runs. Aggregation of the initially well dispersed nanoparticles was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, leading to reduced conversion after the 8th cycle, but metal leaching into the product has been observed only in the very first run.
Genetic make up and structure of Colombian populations by means of uniparental and biparental DNA markers
Authors: Rojas Winston , Parra María Victoria , Campo Omer , Caro María Antonieta , Lopera Juan Guillermo , Arias William , Duque Constanza , Naranjo Andrés , García Jharley , Vergara Candelaria , Lopera Jaime , Hernandez Erick , Valencia Ana , Caicedo Yuri , Cuartas Mauricio , Gutiérrez Javier , López Sergio , Ruiz‐Linares Andrés , Bedoya Gabriel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractColombia is a country with great geographic heterogeneity and marked regional differences in pre‐Columbian native population density and in the extent of past African and European immigration. As a result, Colombia has one of the most diverse populations in Latin America. Here we evaluated ancestry in over 1,700 individuals from 24 Colombian populations using biparental (autosomal and X‐Chromosome), maternal (mtDNA), and paternal (Y‐chromosome) markers. Autosomal ancestry varies markedly both within and between regions, confirming the great genetic diversity of the Colombian population. The X‐chromosome, mtDNA, and Y‐chromosome data indicate that there is a pattern across regions indicative of admixture involving predominantly Native American women and European and African men. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:13–20, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CTLA‐4Ig blocks the development and progression of citrullinated fibrinogen–induced arthritis in DR4‐transgenic mice
Authors: Yue David , Brintnell William , Mannik Lisa A. , Christie Darah A. , Haeryfar S. M. Mansour , Madrenas Joaquín , Chakrabarti Subrata , Bell David A. , Cairns Ewa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the role of T cells in the mouse model of citrullinated human fibrinogen–induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using CTLA‐4Ig, an agent that blocks T cell costimulation, which is required for T cell activation.MethodsHumanized HLA–DRβ1*0401–transgenic (DR4‐Tg) mice were immunized with Cit–human fibrinogen to induce arthritis. Prior to, and at the onset or peak of, arthritis, the DR4‐Tg mice were treated with CTLA‐4Ig or control human IgG1 or were left untreated. Arthritis development and progression were monitored by measuring ankle swelling with calipers and by assessing histopathologic changes. The immune responses to the citrullinated antigens and the corresponding unmodified antigens, as well as the arthritogenicity of lymphocytes from these mice, were examined. The latter was performed using lymphocyte transfers from CTLA‐4Ig–treated or control mice via intraperitoneal injection into naive DR4‐Tg mice. Recipient mice also received an intraarticular injection of Cit–human fibrinogen, unmodified human fibrinogen, or vehicle.ResultsCTLA‐4Ig–treated, but not human IgG1‐treated, arthritic mice had significantly reduced ankle swelling and pathologic joint damage. Treatment with CTLA‐4Ig, but not human IgG1, suppressed Cit–human fibrinogen–induced T cell activation, including citrulline‐specific T cell activation, when given prior to disease onset. Transfer of splenic lymphocytes from untreated or human IgG1–treated arthritic mice caused arthritis in recipients, and this occurred when Cit–human fibrinogen, but not unmodified fibrinogen, was deposited into the joint. Splenocytes from CTLA‐4Ig–treated mice were unable to transfer arthritis.ConclusionActivated citrulline‐specific T cells play a direct role in the development and progression of arthritis in this model of Cit–human fibrinogen–induced RA.
Role of osteopontin in synovial Th17 differentiation in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Chen Guangjie , Zhang Xin , Li Runsheng , Fang Lei , Niu Xiaoyin , Zheng Yingxia , He Dongyi , Xu Rong , Zhang Jingwu Z. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveOsteopontin (OPN) that is aberrantly produced in rheumatoid synovium is thought to play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to investigate the role of OPN in the differentiation and accumulation of Th17 cells in rheumatoid synovium.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified CD4+ T cells derived from patients with RA or healthy controls were used to test the effect of OPN in vitro. Cytokine expression was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Intracellular staining and flow cytometry were used to detect the percentages of Th17 cells and OPN receptors. Signaling and molecular events were analyzed by immunoblotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation.ResultsThe levels of OPN correlated significantly with interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) production and the frequency of Th17 cells in the synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients. Endogenous OPN produced in RA SF was responsible for markedly increased production of IL‐17 in T cells, which was blocked by OPN antibody. The effect of OPN in Th17 differentiation was mediated through a mechanism independent of the IL‐6/STAT‐3 pathway or other cytokines and specifically involved the OPN receptors CD44 and CD29 and the transcription factor retinoic acid–related orphan receptor (ROR). Furthermore, OPN was found to induce H3 acetylation of the IL17A gene promoter, mainly through the CD44 binding domain in CD4+ T cells, allowing the interaction of the IL17A gene locus with ROR.ConclusionThis study reveals new evidence of the critical role of OPN in Th17 differentiation in rheumatoid synovitis.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of a Series of Coordination Polymers Constructed From C2‐Symmetric Ligand 1,3‐Adamantanedicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Jin Jun‐Cheng , Zhang Ya‐Nan , Wang Yao‐Yu , Liu Jian‐Qiang , Dong Zhe , Shi Qi‐Zhen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article systematically investigates the influence of the properties of inhomogeneous N‐auxiliary ligands and pH value on the helical structures of complexes based on C2‐symmetric ligand 1,3‐adamantanedicarboxylic acid (H2ADC). Five kinds of neutral ligands (phen=1,10‐phenanthroline, bipy=4,4′‐bipyridine, bpa=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane, bpe=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane, and bpp=1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane) were selected, and a series of new ZnII/CoII dicarboxylates have been synthesized by slow diffusion, namely, [Zn(phen)(ADC)(H2O)]2⋅CH3OH (1), {[Zn(ADC)(bpe)]⋅H2O}n (2), {[Zn(ADC)(bipy)]⋅2 H2O}n (3), {[Zn(ADC)(bpa)]2⋅5 H2O}n (4), {[Zn(ADC)(bpp)]2⋅CH3OH}n (5), {[Zn(ADC)(bpp)]}n (6), {[Co(ADC)(bpp)(CH3OH)(H2O)]⋅CH3OH⋅2 H2O}n (7), and {[Co(ADC)(bpp)]}n (8). Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis shows that complex 1 forms a 0D dinuclear with closed‐loop unit. The complex 2 is a 2D layer framework. Compounds 3 and 4 are isomorphous with a small discrepancy and present one‐dimensional chainlike structures. It is interesting that the 2D organic–inorganic hybrid frameworks containing meso‐helical chains have been observed. Compound 5 is a 2D interpenetrated network with (4,4) topology, in which homochiral left‐handed helical chains are arranged in an ABAB sequence parallel to the plane defined by (a,c), and right‐handed helical chains running along the a axis are also observed in the solid state, resulting in a meso‐helical structure. Compounds 6, 7, and 8 crystallize in a chiral space group P212121. Highly dimensional 6 and 8 are essentially isostructural and present a threefold interpenetrated 3D diamondoid network containing three helical chains, whereas 7 exhibits a 2D grid layer with a left‐handed helical chain. Furthermore, thermal stability, X‐ray powder diffraction, and the luminescent properties of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are also discussed.
A Selective Chromogenic Probe for Mercury(II) and Cyanide in Aqueous Buffered Solution from a Cycloaddition Reaction of an Ynamine to Polycyclic Dithiolethiones
Authors: Fuertes Pedro , Moreno Daniel , Cuevas José V. , García‐Valverde María , Torroba Tomás 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of some new polysulfur‐nitrogen heterocycles by cycloaddition of an ynamine to bisdithiolothiazine ketothiones or dithiones is described and the interconversion between regioisomers is studied by DFT calculations, showing that the double bond isomerizes at room temperature. This series is a new selective and sensitive chromogenic probe for the naked‐eye detection of mercury(II) cation and cyanide anion in buffered (HEPES 0.05 M, pH 7.14) water/acetonitrile 1:1 mixture, with sub‐micromolar sensitivity, and constitutes the first example of a new class of colorimetric chemical probes for Hg2+ and CN−.
Der Anteil des Tragvermögens der Dachlattung an der globalen Lastabtragung von Dachtragwerken
Authors: Meisel Andreas , Moosbrugger Thomas , Schickhofer Gerhard 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird der Einfluss der Dachlattung auf das räumliche Tragverhalten einzelner Bereiche zimmermannsmäßig errichteter Dachtragwerke dargestellt. Hierzu werden zuerst prinzipielle Überlegungen zum Tragvermögen der Dachlattung angestellt, anschließend einzelne Prüfungen durchgeführt und zwei Beispielrechnungen dokumentiert.The proportion of the load‐bearing capacity of the roofing lath on the global load transfer of roof structures. In this contribution, the influence of the roofing lath on the spatial load‐bearing behaviour of single areas of carpentry roof structures is pointed out. Therefore, some theoretical background on the load‐bearing capacity of roof battens is presented. This is followed by the report of some structural tests and the documentation of two model calculations.
Critical review on energy balance of agricultural systems
Authors: Zegada‐Lizarazu Walter , Matteucci Dario , Monti Andrea 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe increased cost of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions has attracted the interest of many researchers to study energy use in agricultural systems. Even though energy balance is the customary method used to evaluate and compare the performance of agricultural systems in terms of energy, a variety of methodological approaches and coefficients are the source of confusion and misleading conclusions. In this review, the problems and inconstancies attributed to the use of inappropriate and obsolete data, unclear boundary systems, and difficulties in obtaining representative data are discussed. The methodological procedure to compute energy balance in agricultural systems is presented briefly. Then the inconsistencies and causes of variability in the principal operating factors of energy balance studies are discussed. Examples are given from the literature where controversial, incomplete, and inappropriate data are used. Also the difficulties in obtaining reliable data and defining the boundary systems are highlighted. The identified problems with the methodology and the data included in the computations of energy coefficients should serve as a starting point toward a better understanding of energy flows in agricultural systems and toward an agreed methodology for complete and sound energy balance studies. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Asymptotic behavior of the scaled mutation rate estimators
Authors: Pinheiro Hildete P. , Kiihl Samara F. , Pinheiro Aluísio , dos Reis Sérgio F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractImportant aspects of population evolution have been investigated using nucleotide sequences. Under the neutral Wright–Fisher model, the scaled mutation rate represents twice the average number of new mutations per generations and it is one of the key parameters in population genetics. In this study, we present various methods of estimation of this parameter, analytical studies of their asymptotic behavior as well as comparisons of the distribution's behavior of these estimators through simulations. As knowledge of the genealogy is needed to estimate the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), an application with real data is also presented, using jackknife to correct the bias of the MLE, which can be generated by the estimation of the tree. We proved analytically that the Waterson's estimator and the MLE are asymptotically equivalent with the same rate of convergence to normality. Furthermore, we showed that the MLE has a better rate of convergence than Waterson's estimator for values of the parameter greater than one and this relationship is reversed when the parameter is less than one.
Two‐sample nonparametric likelihood inference based on incomplete data with an application to a pneumonia study
Authors: Vexler Albert , Yu Jihnhee , Tian Lili , Liu Shuling 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are important diagnostic variables of pneumonia for forcefully ventilated patients who are susceptible to nosocomial infection. Because of its invasive nature, BAL is performed for patients only if the CPIS is greater than a certain threshold value. Thus, CPIS and BAL are closely related, yet BAL values are substantially missing. In a randomized clinical trial, the control and oral treatment groups were compared based on the outcomes from these procedures. Because of the relevance of both outcomes with respect to evaluating the efficacy of treatments, we propose and examine a nonparametric test based on these outcomes, which employs the empirical likelihood methodology. While efficient parametric methods are available when data are observed incompletely, performing appropriate goodness‐of‐fit tests to justify the parametric assumptions is difficult. Our motivation is to provide an approach based on no particular distributional assumption, which enables us to use all observed bivariate data, whether completed or not in an approximate likelihood manner. A broad Monte Carlo study evaluates the asymptotic properties and efficiency of the proposed method based on various sample sizes and underlying distributions. The proposed technique is applied to a data set from a pneumonia study demonstrating its practical worth.
Termination of the vertebral veins: Evaluation by multidetector row computed tomography
Authors: Miyake H. , Kiyosue H. , Tanoue S. , Goto Y. , Mori H. , Fujikura Y. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the topographic anatomy of the vertebral vein (VV) in the lower neck and thoracic inlet using CT scans. Enhanced CT scans using 32‐MDCT were obtained for 199 consecutive patients. Reconstructed images with 1‐mm section thickness/intervals were evaluated by two radiologists examining the drainage point, number, and route of VVs using frame forwarding and the rewind function on the DICOM viewer. The VV was classified into four types as follows: Type A (80.6%), a VV that descended ventral to the subclavian artery (SA) and drained into the upper portion of the brachiocephalic vein (BCV); Type B (5.8%), a VV that descended dorsal to the SA and drained into the upper portion or the lower portion of the BCV; Type C (8.3%), a doubled VVs that crossed both sides of the SA and drained into the upper portion of the BCV and formed a common trunk; Type D (5.3%), a VV ventral to the SA that drained into the upper portion of the BCV and another VV dorsal to the SA drained into the upper portion or the lower portion of the BCV. Some variations were observed in regard to the drainage point, number, and route of the VVs. Classification of the VV may be useful for interpreting chest CT scans and in better understanding the embryologic development of the vertebral vein. Clin. Anat. 23:662–672, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An anatomical study of the relationship between the sympathetic trunk and intercostal veins of the third and fourth intercostal spaces during thoracoscopy
Authors: Haam Seokjin , Kim Dohyung , Hwang Jungju , Paik Hyochae , Lee Dooyun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe complexity of the anatomy of the sympathetic trunk and intercostal veins in the third and fourth intercostal space may lead to intraoperative or postoperative bleeding. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomical variations of the sympathetic trunk and intercostal veins in the third and fourth intercostal spaces. The size and crossing type of veins in the third and fourth intercostal spaces in 44 Korean patients with palmar hyperhidrosis were analyzed. We classified intercostal veins by their size (small, medium, and large) and crossing type (anterior or posterior to sympathetic nerve). Large intercostal veins susceptible to bleeding were found in 36.4 and 68.2% of patients in the right third and fourth intercostal spaces, respectively and in 2.3 and 4.5% of left third and fourth intercostal spaces, respectively. More than 80% of the left third and fourth intercostal veins were small. Anterior crossing intercostal veins, which often cause problems at the third and fourth right intercostal spaces, were found in 27.3% (third) and 15.9% (fourth). However, there were only two cases of anterior crossing veins on the left side. Large anterior crossing veins were found only on the right side. In conclusion, surgical procedures of the right sympathetic ganglia may have increased risks due to a higher frequency of large anterior crossing intercostal veins. Careful dissection is necessary to decrease the incidence of intraoperative or postoperative bleeding. Clin. Anat. 23:702–706, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protecting the prominent? A research journey with Paul Mullen
Authors: James David V. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRecent research from the United Kingdom has called into question entrenched assumptions from the USA about public figure threat assessment, in particular the low importance given to mental illness and to the making of threats. This article reviews some of the evidence, concluding that the high prevalence of psychotic illness in threateners and harassers of public figures and the frequency of warning behaviours determines that these factors should be accorded a central role in the assessment and management of such cases. It is noted that data in US studies do not differ greatly from those in UK studies, but rather their interpretation. The practical benefits of attending to the factors in question are illustrated by reference to the activities of the United Kingdom's Fixated Threat Assessment Centre. The overlap is noted between the fields of public figure threat assessment and stalking, which have hitherto developed separately. The issue of public figure threat assessment is used to illustrate some of the attitudes and personal qualities which have typified the career and achievements of Paul Mullen in forensic psychiatry research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.