bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allelic Variants at the TaZds‐D1 Locus on Wheat Chromosome 2DL and their Association with Yellow Pigment Content
Authors: Zhang Caiying , Dong Changhai , He Xinyao , Zhang Liping , Xia Xianchun , He Zhonghu 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTZeta (ζ)‐carotene desaturase (ZDS) is a key enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, which determines the yellow pigment (YP) content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains. In the present study, the full‐length DNA sequence of a ZDS gene on wheat chromosome 2DL, designated TaZds‐D1, was characterized. The TaZds‐D1 gene has an open reading frame of 1707 bp, including 13 introns and 14 exons, and a deduced peptide containing 568 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 62.5 kDa. The TaZds‐D1 gene was located on chromosome 2DL based on polymerase chain reaction amplifications of Chinese Spring nullisomic‐tetrasomic lines, Langdon–Chinese Spring D‐genome chromosome disomic substitution lines, and Rusty D‐genome chromosome disomic substitution lines as well as linkage analysis. Two allelic variants, TaZds‐D1a and TaZds‐D1b, were detected in Chinese wheat cultivars, and a functional marker, YP2D‐1, was developed based on the sequence polymorphism between TaZds‐D1a and TaZds‐D1b. A major quantitative trait locus, located at the TaZds‐D1 region in the marker interval of YP2D‐1 and Xgwm157 on chromosome 2DL, explained 18.4% of the phenotypic variance for YP content in a doubled haploid population derived from the cross Zhongyou 9507/CA 9632. This confirmed the association between allelic variation at the TaZds‐D1 locus and YP content.
Constraints on Asparagus Production: The Association of Ophiomyia simplex (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and Fusarium spp.
Authors: Morrison William R. , Tuell Julianna K. , Hausbeck Mary K. , Szendrei Zsofia 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTProduction of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is globally constrained by the “early decline” syndrome. The primary causal agents of early decline include Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg, F. oxysporum Wollenw. f. sp. asparagi S.I. Cohen, and F. subglutinans Wollenw. & Reinking. These pathogens together contribute to Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR). Damage to asparagus stems, especially by the asparagus miner (Ophiomyia simplex Loew [Diptera: Agromyzidae]), has been associated with and shown to exacerbate FCRR. This review synthesizes the current information on this tripartite interaction, describes management strategies and their efficacy, and highlights needed research. Opportunities for future control of the asparagus miner and associated FCRR are presented. Research areas of interest include investigating the role of semiochemicals in the asparagus miner–Fusarium spp. interaction, identifying effective biological controls for the asparagus miner, and determining source populations of asparagus miner in new asparagus plantings.
Comparison and verification of four field-based microbiological tests: H2S test, Easygel®, Colilert®, Petrifilm™
Authors: Chuang Patty , Trottier Stephanie , Murcott Susan 
Published: June 2011

The UN defines water supplies as ‘improved’ or ‘unimproved.’ These indicators are easy to measure, but do not reflect water quality, which requires laboratory or field tests. Laboratory and test availability, expense and technical capacity are obstacles for developing countries.
This research compares and verifies four low-cost, field-based microbiological tests: the EC-Kit (Colilert® and Petrifilm™ tests), the H2S bacteria test, and Easygel®, against a standard method (Quanti-Tray®). The objectives are to: (1) verify the accuracy of the four field-based tests, (2) study the accuracy of these tests as a function of improved and unimproved sources; (3) recommend a single microbiological test, if appropriate, based on accuracy and cost, and/or (4) recommend a testing combination, if appropriate, based on accuracy and cost.
The tests of 500+ total water samples from Capiz Province, Philippines and Cambridge, MA indicate that two-tests systems gave better results than a single test. Both the 100-mL H2S test + Petrifilm™ and the 20-mL H2S test + Easygel® combinations yield promising results, in addition to being inexpensive. None of the field-based tests should be used on their own. We recommend further verification of a larger sample size and scale be undertaken before these testing combinations are recommended for wider use.
Does Glucose Variability Influence the Relationship Between Mean Plasma Glucose and HbA1c Levels in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients?
Authors: Kuenen Judith C. , Borg Rikke , Kuik Dirk J. , Zheng Hui , Schoenfeld David , Diamant Michaela , Nathan David M. , Heine Robert J. ,   on behalf of the ADAG Study Group
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE
The A1C-Derived Average Glucose (ADAG) study demonstrated a linear relationship between HbA1c and mean plasma glucose (MPG). As glucose variability (GV) may contribute to glycation, we examined the association of several glucose variability indices and the MPG-HbA1c relationship.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Analyses included 268 patients with type 1 diabetes and 159 with type 2 diabetes. MPG during 3 months was calculated from 7-point self-monitored plasma glucose and continuous glucose monitoring. We calculated three different measures of GV and used a multiple-step regression model to determine the contribution of the respective GV measures to the MPG-HbA1c relationship.

RESULTS
GV, as reflected by SD and continuous overlapping net glycemic action, had a significant effect on the MPG-HbA1c relationship in type 1 diabetic patients so that high GV led to a higher HbA1c level for the same MPG. In type 1 diabetes, the impact of confounding and effect modification of a low versus high SD at an MPG level of 160 mg/dL on the HbA1c level is 7.02 vs. 7.43 and 6.96 vs. 7.41. All GV measures showed the same tendency.

CONCLUSIONS
In only type 1 diabetic patients, GV shows a significant interaction with MPG in the association with HbA1c. This effect is more pronounced at higher HbA1c levels. However, the impact of GV on the HbA1c level in type 1 diabetes is modest, particularly when HbA1c is close to the treatment target of 7%.
Galois theory and Lubin-Tate cochains on classifying spaces
Authors: Baker Andrew , Richter Birgit 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
We consider brave new cochain extensions F(BG
+,R) → F(EG
+,R), where R is either a Lubin-Tate spectrum E
n or the related 2-periodic Morava K-theory K
n, and G is a finite group. When R is an Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectrum, in some good cases such an extension is a G-Galois extension in the sense of John Rognes, but not always faithful. We prove that for E
n and K
n these extensions are always faithful in the K
n local category. However, for a cyclic p-group $C_{p^r } $, the cochain extension $F(BC_{p^r + } ,E_n ) \to F(EC_{p^r + } ,E_n )$ is not a Galois extension because it ramifies. As a consequence, it follows that the E
n-theory Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequence for G and BGdoes not always converge to its expected target.
Resilient critical infrastructure management with a service oriented architecture: A test case using airport collaborative decision making
Authors: Hall-May Martin , Surridge Mike , Nossal-Tüyeni Roman 
Published: June 2011

Resilient critical infrastructure management with a service oriented architecture: A test case using airport collaborative decision making
The SERSCIS approach aims to support the use of interconnected systems of services in Critical Infrastructure (CI) applications. The problem of system interconnectedness is aptly demonstrated by ‘Airport Collaborative Decision Making’ (A-CDM). Failure or underperformance of any of the interlinked ICT systems may compromise the ability of airports to plan their use of resources to sustain high levels of air traffic, or to provide accurate aircraft movement forecasts to the wider European air traffic management systems. The proposed solution is to introduce further SERSCIS ICT components to manage dependability and interdependency. These use semantic models of the critical infrastructure, including its ICT services, to identify faults and potential risks and to increase human awareness of them. Semantics allow information and services to be described in a way that makes them understandable to computers. Thus when a failure (or a threat of it) is detected, SERSCIS components can take action to manage the consequences, including changing the interdependency relationships between services. In some cases, the components will be able to take action autonomously, e.g., to manage ‘local’ issues such as the allocation of CPU time to maintain service performance, or the selection of services where there are redundant sources available. In other cases the components will alert human operators so they can take action instead. The goal of this paper is to describe a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) that can be used to address the management of ICT components and interdependencies in critical infrastructure systems.
Performance evaluation of MapReduce using full virtualisation on a departmental cloud
Authors: González-Vélez Horacio , Kontagora Maryam 
Published: June 2011

Performance evaluation of MapReduce using full virtualisation on a departmental cloudThis work analyses the performance of Hadoop, an implementation of the MapReduce programming model for distributed parallel computing, executing on a virtualisation environment comprised of 1+16 nodes running the VMWare workstation software. A set of experiments using the standard Hadoop benchmarks has been designed in order to determine whether or not significant reductions in the execution time of computations are experienced when using Hadoop on this virtualisation platform on a departmental cloud. Our findings indicate that a significant decrease in computing times is observed under these conditions. They also highlight how overheads and virtualisation in a distributed environment hinder the possibility of achieving the maximum (peak) performance.
Constrained controllability of nonlinear stochastic impulsive systems
Authors: Karthikeyan Shanmugasundaram , Balachandran Krishnan 
Published: June 2011

Constrained controllability of nonlinear stochastic impulsive systemsThis paper is concerned with complete controllability of a class of nonlinear stochastic systems involving impulsive effects in a finite time interval by means of controls whose initial and final values can be assigned in advance. The result is achieved by using a fixed-point argument.
A study on new right/left inverses of nonsquare polynomial matrices
Authors: Hunek Wojciech , Latawiec Krzysztof 
Published: June 2011

A study on new right/left inverses of nonsquare polynomial matricesThis paper presents several new results on the inversion of full normal rank nonsquare polynomial matrices. New analytical right/left inverses of polynomial matrices are introduced, including the so-called τ-inverses, σ-inverses and, in particular,S-inverses, the latter providing the most general tool for the design of various polynomial matrix inverses. The applicationoriented problem of selecting stable inverses is also solved. Applications in inverse-model control, in particular robust minimum variance control, are exploited, and possible applications in signal transmission/recovery in various types of MIMO channels are indicated.
Convergence method, properties and computational complexity for Lyapunov games
Authors: Clempner Julio , Poznyak Alexander 
Published: June 2011

Convergence method, properties and computational complexity for Lyapunov gamesWe introduce the concept of a Lyapunov game as a subclass of strictly dominated games and potential games. The advantage of this approach is that every ergodic system (repeated game) can be represented by a Lyapunov-like function. A direct acyclic graph is associated with a game. The graph structure represents the dependencies existing between the strategy profiles. By definition, a Lyapunov-like function monotonically decreases and converges to a single Lyapunov equilibrium point identified by the sink of the game graph. It is important to note that in previous works this convergence has not been guaranteed even if the Nash equilibrium point exists. The best reply dynamics result in a natural implementation of the behavior of a Lyapunov-like function. Therefore, a Lyapunov game has also the benefit that it is common knowledge of the players that only best replies are chosen. By the natural evolution of a Lyapunov-like function, no matter what, a strategy played once is not played again. As a construction example, we show that, for repeated games with bounded nonnegative cost functions within the class of differentiable vector functions whose derivatives satisfy the Lipschitz condition, a complex vector-function can be built, where each component is a function of the corresponding cost value and satisfies the condition of the Lyapunov-like function. The resulting vector Lyapunov-like function is a monotonic function which can only decrease over time. Then, a repeated game can be represented by a one-shot game. The functionality of the suggested method is successfully demonstrated by a simulated experiment.
Supporting locomotive functions of a six-legged walking robot
Authors: Walas Krzysztof , Belter Dominik 
Published: June 2011

Supporting locomotive functions of a six-legged walking robotThis paper presents a method for building a foothold selection module as well as methods for the stability check for a multi-legged walking robot. The foothold selection decision maker is shaped automatically, without expert knowledge. The robot learns how to select appropriate footholds by walking on rough terrain or by testing ground primitives. The gathered knowledge is then used to find a relation between slippages and the obtained local shape of the terrain, which is further employed to assess potential footholds. A new approach to function approximation is proposed. It uses the least-squares fitting method, the Kolmogorov theorem and population-based optimization algorithms. A strategy for re-learning is proposed. The role of the decision support unit in the control system of the robot is presented. The importance of the stability check procedure is shown. A method of finding the stability region is described. Further improvements in the stability check procedure due to taking into account kinematic correction are reported. A description of the system for calculating static stability on-line is given. Methods for measuring stance forces are described. The measurement of stance forces facilitates the extended stability check procedure. The correctness of the method is proved by results obtained in a real environment on a real robot.
Singular fractional linear systems and electrical circuits
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz 
Published: June 2011

Singular fractional linear systems and electrical circuitsA new class of singular fractional linear systems and electrical circuits is introduced. Using the Caputo definition of the fractional derivative, the Weierstrass regular pencil decomposition and the Laplace transformation, the solution to the state equation of singular fractional linear systems is derived. It is shown that every electrical circuit is a singular fractional system if it contains at least one mesh consisting of branches only with an ideal supercapacitor and voltage sources or at least one node with branches with supercoils.
Energy characteristic of a processor allocator and a network-on-chip
Authors: Zydek Dawid , Selvaraj Henry , Borowik Grzegorz , Łuba Tadeusz 
Published: June 2011

Energy characteristic of a processor allocator and a network-on-chip
Energy consumption in a Chip MultiProcessor (CMP) is one of the most important costs. It is related to design aspects such as thermal and power constrains. Besides efficient on-chip processing elements, a well-designed Processor Allocator (PA) and a Network-on-Chip (NoC) are also important factors in the energy budget of novel CMPs. In this paper, the authors propose an energy model for NoCs with 2D-mesh and 2D-torus topologies. All important NoC architectures are described and discussed. Energy estimation is presented for PAs. The estimation is based on synthesis results for PAs targeting FPGA. The PAs are driven by allocation algorithms that are studied as well. The proposed energy model is employed in a simulation environment, where exhaustive experiments are performed. Simulation results show that a PA with an IFF allocation algorithm for mesh systems and a torus-based NoC with express-virtual-channel flow control are very energy efficient. Combination of these two solutions is a clear choice for modern CMPs.
Design of microprogrammed controllers to be implemented in FPGAs
Authors: Wiśniewski Remigiusz , Barkalov Alexander , Titarenko Larisa , Halang Wolfgang 
Published: June 2011

Design of microprogrammed controllers to be implemented in FPGAs
In the article we propose a new design method for microprogrammed controllers. The traditional structure is improved by modifying internal modules and connections. Such a solution allows reducing the total number of logic elements needed for implementation in programmable structures, especially Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Detailed results of experiments show that on the average the application of the proposed methods yields up to 30% savings as far as the destination device is considered.
L'éleveur, le vautour et le journaliste
Authors: Daniel François-Joseph 
Published: June 2011

Résumé Les « fausses » alertes sont parfois riches d’enseignement. Elles mettent en lumière des éléments explicatifs essentiels qui structurent profondément les contraintes qui pèsent sur leurs conditions de réussite. Cet article propose l’examen d’une alerte avortée portant sur des cas d’attaques de Vautours Fauves sur des animaux d’élevage vivant dans le département des Pyrénées Orientales. Il montre que la mise en échec de cette alerte est en partie le fait du format journalistique qui a prévalu à sa médiatisation. S’il est certain que l’une des causes de l’échec du lancement de l’alerte est liée à la forte emprise des savoirs naturalistes sur les représentations du vautour, cette étude de cas montre que la nature du média a également contribué à décrédibiliser la parole du lanceur d’alerte. Le fait divers n’a pas été propice au déclenchement de l’alerte car l’intentionnalité communicationnelle qui encadre les interactions entre l’éleveur, le journaliste et les lecteurs n’est pas parvenue à rendre vraisemblable l’existence d’un risque avéré.
Quand un produit culturel industriel est-il une « œuvre politique » ?
Authors: Esquenazi Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2011

Résumé L’auteur rappelle d’abord la barrière qui a longtemps séparé les arts légitimes et les arts industriels : elle a empêché que l’on pose la question du politique aux produits de ces derniers. Aujourd’hui l’étude des « médiacultures » semble arriver à maturité et de nouvelles interrogations introduisent de nouvelles problématiques, notamment celui du rôle politique que des séries télévisées, des artistes de variété, etc. sont susceptibles de jouer. En s’inspirant de Stuart Hall, Stanley Fish, Judith Butler, l’article propose alors de considérer qu’un objet culturel ne joue de rôle politique que si une communauté interprétative lui attribue ce rôle dans un contexte social déterminé.
The Novel Costimulatory Programmed Death Ligand 1/B7.1 Pathway Is Functional in Inhibiting Alloimmune Responses In Vivo
Authors: Yang Jun , Riella Leonardo V. , Chock Susanne , Liu Tao , Zhao Xiaozhi , Yuan Xueli , Paterson Alison M. , Watanabe Toshihiko , Vanguri Vijay , Yagita Hideo , Azuma Miyuki , Blazar Bruce R. , Freeman Gordon J. , Rodig Scott J. , Sharpe Arlene H. , Chandraker Anil , Sayegh Mohamed H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1)/programmed death 1 (PD1) costimulatory pathway plays an important role in the inhibition of alloimmune responses as well as in the induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance. It has been demonstrated recently that PDL1 also can bind B7.1 to inhibit T cell responses in vitro. Using the bm12 into B6 heart transplant model, we investigated the functional significance of this interaction in alloimmune responses in vivo. PD1 blockade unlike PDL1 blockade failed to accelerate bm12 allograft rejection, suggesting a role for an additional binding partner for PDL1 other than PD1 in transplant rejection. PDL1 blockade was able to accelerate allograft rejection in B7.2-deficient recipients but not B7.1-deficient recipients, indicating that PDL1 interaction with B7.1 was important in inhibiting rejection. Administration of the novel 2H11 anti-PDL1 mAb, which only blocks the PDL1–B7.1 interaction, aggravated chronic injury of bm12 allografts in B6 recipients. Aggravated chronic injury was associated with an increased frequency of alloreactive IFN-γ–, IL-4–, and IL-6–producing splenocytes and a decreased percentage of regulatory T cells in the recipients. Using an in vitro cell culture assay, blockade of the interaction of PDL1 on dendritic cells with B7.1 on T cells increased IFN-γ production from alloreactive CD4+ T cells, whereas blockade of dendritic cell B7.1 interaction with T cell PDL1 did not. These data indicate that PDL1 interaction with B7.1 plays an important role in the inhibition of alloimmune responses in vivo and suggests a dominant direction for PDL1 and B7.1 interaction.
P2X7 Receptor-Dependent Intestinal Afferent Hypersensitivity in a Mouse Model of Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Keating Christopher , Pelegrin Pablo , Martínez Carlos M. , Grundy David 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The ATP-gated P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) was shown to be an important mediator of inflammation and inflammatory pain through its regulation of IL-1β processing and release. Trichinella spiralis-infected mice develop a postinflammatory visceral hypersensitivity that is reminiscent of the clinical features associated with postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. In this study, we used P2X7R knockout mice (P2X7R−/−) to investigate the role of P2X7R activation in the in vivo production of IL-1β and the development of postinflammatory visceral hypersensitivity in the T. spiralis-infected mouse. During acute nematode infection, IL-1β–containing cells and P2X7R expression were increased in the jejunum of wild-type (WT) mice. Peritoneal and serum IL-1β levels were also increased, which was indicative of elevated IL-1β release. However, in the P2X7R−/− animals, we found that infection had no effect upon intracellular, plasma, or peritoneal IL-1β levels. Conversely, infection augmented peritoneal TNF-α levels in both WT and P2X7R−/− animals. Infection was also associated with a P2X7R-dependent increase in extracellular peritoneal lactate dehydrogenase, and it triggered immunological changes in both strains. Jejunal afferent fiber mechanosensitivity was assessed in uninfected and postinfected WT and P2X7R−/− animals. Postinfected WT animals developed an augmented afferent fiber response to mechanical stimuli; however, this did not develop in postinfected P2X7R−/− animals. Therefore, our results demonstrated that P2X7Rs play a pivotal role in intestinal inflammation and are a trigger for the development of visceral hypersensitivity.
Dry imaging cameras
Authors: Indrajit IK , Alam Aftab , Sahni Hirdesh , Bhatia Mukul , Sahu Samaresh 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDry imaging cameras are important hard copy devices in radiology. Using dry imaging camera, multiformat images of digital modalities in radiology are created from a sealed unit of unexposed films. The functioning of a modern dry camera, involves a blend of concurrent processes, in areas of diverse sciences like computers, mechanics, thermal, optics, electricity and radiography. Broadly, hard copy devices are classified as laser and non laser based technology. When compared with the working knowledge and technical awareness of different modalities in radiology, the understanding of a dry imaging camera is often superficial and neglected. To fill this void, this article outlines the key features of a modern dry camera and its important issues that impact radiology workflow.