bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of performance of high‐performance liquid chromatography columns packed with superficially and fully porous 2.5 μm particles using kinetic plots
Authors: Fanigliulo Ameriga , Cabooter Deirdre , Bellazzi Guido , Tramarin Davide , Allieri Brigida , Rottigni Alessandro , Desmet Gert 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA recently introduced 2.5 μm fully porous support (Kromasil Eternity) is compared with three different brands of superficially porous material (Kinetex, Halo and Poroshell 120) by means of the kinetic plot method using pharmaceutical compounds from GlaxoSmithKline as probe molecules. The kinetic plot method immediately shows the range of plate numbers wherein a support performs better than another. Results from experiments carried out at pH 4.5 and 8.0 are presented in order to assess the pH stability of the tested phases. Moreover, since all supports are able to withstand pressures higher than 400 bar, they have been evaluated both on HPLC and UHPLC instrumentation. True average particle sizes were determined by SEM images taken from loose stationary phases. Kinetex outperforms the other columns in HPLC conditions for practically relevant efficiencies, but shows poor packing quality in the 100×2.1‐mm format. Kromasil is advantageous for simple and fast separations on short columns both in HPLC and in UHPLC conditions. Halo achieves the highest efficiencies of all columns at the lowest pressure cost and shows a noticeable lower axial diffusion. Poroshell 120 has the best packing quality reproducibility across the tested formats. All columns preserve their performance at high pH.
Defining a process for developing responsive knowledge pathways
Authors: Mclaughlin Stephen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTo identify how organizations approach the development and implementation of their core processes in a manner that focuses on continued flexibility and responsiveness to changing customer needs, and environmental impact factors through improved knowledge transfer.The research follows an empirically based multiple case study approach across six national/multi‐national knowledge‐based organizations. A core‐complex process was identified within IBM and then tested and refined across five over national/multinational organizations. Within each organization key employees interviewed concerning the manner in which their core processes were managed and modified.Those organizations that identified their core business processes as being responsive, and flexible enough to meet changing customer expectations could be shown to follow a ‘nine‐step’ process lifecycle. However, those that had less‐responsive processes seemed to share similar organizational and managerial issues.The findings are based on a limited sample size of six organizations, and the nature of the findings are presented in an inductive‐theory building way. Therefore, the findings are not presented as a final position, but as a starting point for further research into complex, knowledge transfer intensive business process development and design.From the findings a nine‐stage process lifecycle model has been defined.Within any service‐orientated organization core business processes are under pressure to manage continually changing customer requirements. Therefore, it is important not just to build efficient and effective processes, but to understand how the organization must be aligned in order ensure continued performance within a constantly changing operating environment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A relational approach to understanding knowing in communities of practice
Authors: Kakavelakis Konstantinos 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe typology of knowledge communities and knowledge collectivities has aimed to enhance the analytical clarity of the communities of practice concept (CoPs). This is achieved by outlining key differences in the knowing unfolding in CoPs and in less ‘homogeneous’ collectives such as multi‐disciplinary project teams. This paper argues that the typology offers an account which denies any significant role to agency within CoPs. Additionally, it explicates the knowledge processes CoPs engage with, by reference to their internal constitution and in isolation from the broader contexts in which they are embedded. To address this limitation the paper employs a relational perspective of agency and context interplay. It reports data from two case studies of CoPs operating within the context of a merger in the UK brewing sector. The evidence reaffirms the significance of agency in CoPs. It also illustrates how the exercise of agency is mediated by performative expectations derived from the positioning of work practices within broader relations of production. The interplay of agency and context poses limitations to the reification of the characteristics of knowing—in terms of the types of knowledge drawn upon and the outcomes of such a process—in different groups. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accounting for intellectual capital: On the elusive path from theory to practice
Authors: Andrikopoulos Andreas 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntellectual capital emerged approximately twenty years ago as an alternative paradigm with the ambition to identify, measure, report and manage knowledge assets. While the need for regulatory frameworks to account for knowledge assets and intangible drivers of value was pressing in the setting of the “new economy”, intellectual capital has yet to establish itself as a dominant solution for accounting theorists, corporate professionals and regulators. This paper analyzes intellectual capital as a tool to meet practical needs with respect to accounting for and managing knowledge‐based, intangible wealth. Several explanations are provided on the extent of acceptance of intellectual capital as a management accounting alternative. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge flows in software projects: An empirical investigation
Authors: Sandhawalia Birinder Singh , Dalcher Darren 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSoftware projects require tacit knowledge and shared contexts for creative problem solving. Existing knowledge management frameworks focus on codifying knowledge laying an emphasis on managing explicit knowledge, typically ignoring the tacit element. This research provides a framework that mobilises and integrates both tacit and explicit knowledge, and facilitates the flow of common knowledge to address unstructured situations in software projects. The framework is developed from empirical evidence gathered while conducting an extended case study at one of the world's largest software organisations. The research has implications for the knowledge management literature by establishing knowledge as something that is made resourceful by being competently mobilised and utilised, rather than by being managed through capture and storage. Thus, the paper attempts to fill a gap in the literature on a phenomenon that is increasingly becoming more relevant in empirical settings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cigarette smoke activates NFκB‐mediated Tnf‐α release from mouse middle ear cells
Authors: Preciado Diego , Kuo Elaine , Ashktorab Samaneh , Manes Peter , Rose Mary 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Cigarette smoke exposure is a significant risk factor in the development of otitis media. NF‐κB is a transcription factor known to mediate cigarette smoke effects in multiple cell types. We hypothesized that stimulation of murine middle ear epithelial cells (MEEC) with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) activates NF‐κB resulting in upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines.Study Design:In vitro model of cultured murine middle ear epithelial cells.Methods:Time course CSC stimulation of MEEC was performed. Antibody microarrays were then utilized to simultaneously measure 40 inflammatory cytokines. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction were performed to validate and further evaluate array results. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to evaluate NF‐κB activation with CSC in MEEC. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed to determine whether CSC induces NF‐κB interaction with the Tnf‐α promoter.Results:Multiple cytokines showed significant increases with CSC exposure. ELISA studies demonstrated that Tnf‐α secretion increased the most. CSC stimulation likewise increased Tnf‐α mRNA abundance and induced promoter activity 4.8‐fold in a Tnf‐α reporter plasmid. Reporter assays demonstrated 4.84‐fold activation of NF‐κB with CSC. ChIP assays demonstrated NF‐κB binding to canonical κB sites in the Tnf‐α promoter with CSC stimulation.Conclusions:CSC activates NF‐κB in MEEC. Furthermore, this activation results in CSC induced Tnf‐α promoter activation, gene expression, and levels in cell secretions. Laryngoscope, 120:2508–2515, 2010
Bacterial tracheitis: A therapeutic approach
Authors: Shargorodsky Josef , Whittemore Kenneth R. , Lee Gi Soo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:tracheitis is an acute, infectious, potentially life‐threatening condition of the pediatric airway. Historically, patients have often required urgent invasive airway support, and have been treated with broad‐spectrum antibiotics, often combined with direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Six patients between the ages of 10 months and 16 years were treated at Children&apos;s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, for bacterial tracheitis between January 2009 and March 2009. All patients underwent urgent direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy for debridement of mucopurulent debris and tissue culture. Broad‐spectrum intravenous antibiotics were administered, and patients were kept on acute cardiopulmonary monitoring for 48 to 72 hours, after which time the airway was re‐evaluated by direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy in five of the patients, and by fiberoptic nasolaryngoscopy in one patient. All of the patients were transitioned to oral antibiotic therapy for 10 to 14 days after discharge.Results:Following debridement, all of the patients did well with aggressive medical management. None of the patients required urgent intubation, although one patient was kept on ventilator support for 48 hours until disease resolution was confirmed. No patients required tracheotomy, and there were no cardiopulmonary arrests. The mean hospital length of stay was 4.8 days (range, 3–8 days).Conclusions:This study highlights the importance of early disease identification and urgent surgical intervention in the management of bacterial tracheitis. It also demonstrates an approach with the potential to improve patient outcomes from this dangerous condition. Laryngoscope, 120:2498–2501, 2010
Improving the enabling environment to combat land degradation: Institutional, financial, legal and science‐policy challenges and solutions
Authors: Akhtar‐Schuster M. , Thomas R.J. , Stringer L.C. , Chasek P. , Seely M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe need to mainstream land degradation issues into national policies and frameworks is encouraged by international mechanisms such as the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000). However, mainstreaming has faced a number of interrelated institutional, financial, legal, knowledge and policy barriers. As such, despite 15 years of existence of the UNCCD, successes in reversing and/or preventing land degradation are widely perceived to be limited. This paper highlights the nature of these barriers to mainstreaming and identifies ways in which specific limitations that hamper mainstreaming of land degradation into national, regional and international activities and policies may be overcome. It also identifies institutional infrastructures through which scientific findings may more effectively enter policy, suggesting that scientific bodies are required to strategise, coordinate and stimulate the global scientific research community to support mainstreaming and the up‐scaling of efforts to combat land degradation. Such a scientific body could also stimulate national cross‐sectoral and multi‐stakeholder knowledge exchange. The paper then moves to the national level to examine mainstreaming processes in Namibia, a country particularly advanced in taking a more integrated approach. Although the Namibia case study shows an impressive degree of integration, there are still many lessons to be learned in order to further strengthen mainstreaming processes. These lessons form the basis of our conclusion and recommendations, which outline a potential way forward. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Polymeric Vesicles with pH‐Induced Deformation Character for Advanced Drug Delivery
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Yao Xiaping , Qiu Liyan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractpH‐Responsive amphiphilic graft macromolecules consisting of a polyphosphazene backbone, hydrophilic PEG branches and pH‐sensitive DPA were successfully synthesized and characterized. The copolymer can self‐assemble into vesicles in an aqueous solution with unique inner structure and homogeneously encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules. The pH‐dependent structure change of vesicles was also observed by DLS and TEM. Dox‐loaded vesicles exhibit a sharp pH‐responsive drug release profile and dramatically enhance the cytotoxicity of Dox against Dox‐resistant MCF‐7/adr cells. These results suggest such vesicles based on pH‐responsive polyphosphazene hold great potential for specific drug therapy.
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PLP and MALDI‐ToF Determination of Propagation Rate Coefficients of Fast‐Polymerizing Acrylates with Heterocyclic Side‐Chains: Tetrahydrofurfuryl Acrylate and (R)‐α‐Acryloyloxy‐β,β‐dimethyl‐γ‐butyrolactone
Authors: Boukaftane Chouaib , van Herk Alex M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe PLP technique in combination with MALDI‐ToF‐MS was used to determine the Arrhenius plots for the propagation rate coefficients of THFA and ADBL, which polymerize much faster than alkyl acrylates. It is demonstrated that this is not due to higher propagation rate coefficients. It is shown that the temperature at which the PLP experiment brakes down increases in the order ADBL > THFA > alkyl acrylates, indicating a high extent of transfer to polymer for these monomers. Although kp decreases in the same order, the decrease of the corresponding overall polymerization rate is much larger. Therefore, the high polymerization rates of ADBL and THFA cannot be accounted for by fast propagation rates but more likely are linked to a low rate of termination.
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Double‐Gyroid Morphology of a Polystyrene‐block‐Poly(ferrocenylethylmethylsilane) Diblock Copolymer: A Route to Ordered Bicontinuous Nanoscale Architectures
Authors: Gwyther Jessica , Lotze Gudrun , Hamley Ian , Manners Ian 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA polystyrene‐block‐poly(ferrocenylethylmethylsilane) diblock copolymer, displaying a double‐gyroid morphology when self‐assembled in the solid state, has been prepared with a PFEMS volume fraction ϕPFEMS = 0.39 and a total molecular weight of 64 000 Da by sequential living anionic polymerisation. A block copolymer with a metal‐containing block with iron and silicon in the main chain was selected due to its plasma etch resistance compared to the organic block. Self‐assembly of the diblock copolymer in the bulk showed a stable, double‐gyroid morphology as characterised by TEM. SAXS confirmed that the structure belonged to the Ia$\overline {3} $d space group.
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Structural analysis of organometallic compounds with soft ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Jirásko Robert , Holčapek Michal 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe analysis of organometallic compounds with mass spectrometry has some special features in comparison with organic and bioorganic compounds. The first step is the choice of a suitable ionization technique, where the electrospray ionization is certainly the best possibility for most classes of organometallic compounds and metal complexes. Some ionization mechanisms of organometallic compounds are comparable to organic molecules, such as protonation/deprotonation, and adduct formation with sodium or potassium ions; however, in many cases, different mechanisms and their combinations complicate the spectra interpretation. Organometallics frequently undergo various types of adduct and polymerization reactions that result in significantly higher masses observed in the spectra in comparison to molecular weights of studied compounds. Metal elements typically have more natural isotopes than common organic elements, which cause characteristic wide distributions of isotopic peaks; for example, tin has ten natural isotopes. The isotopic pattern can be used for the identification of the type and number of metal elements in particular ions. The ionization and fragmentation behavior also depend on the type of metal atom; therefore, our discussion of mass spectra interpretation is divided according to the different type of organometallic compounds. Among various types of mass spectrometers available on the market, trap‐based analyzers (linear or spherical ion‐traps, Orbitrap) are suitable to study complex fragmentation pathways of organometallic ions and their adducts, whereas high‐resolution and high‐mass accuracy analyzers (time‐of‐flight‐based analyzers, or Fourier transform‐based analyzers—Orbitrap or ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers) provide accurate masses applicable for the determination of the elemental composition of individual ions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:1013–1036, 2011
A novel PIFA antenna for broadband circular polarization
Authors: Wen Lehu , Yin Yingzeng , Wang Yan , Huang Jingxiu , Ren Xueshi , Zuo Shaoli 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA novel broadband circularly polarized antenna is proposed, designed, and measured. Basically, the antenna consists of a PIFA and a square ground with an arrow‐like branch at its corner, which permit the antenna both broadband and circular polarization characteristics. For ease integration with active devices and design facilitation, the radiating element and ground are etched on the same layer of the substrate. Prototypes of the proposed antenna are fabricated and tested. The obtained −10‐dB return loss bandwidth and 2‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth reach as large as 39.8 and 41.7%, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:204–208, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25633
Beam‐steerable meanderline antenna using varactor diodes
Authors: Gökalp Nihan , Civi Özlem Aydin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study presents a beam‐steerable traveling wave meanderline array at X‐band.Beam steering is achieved by the varactor diodes mounted on the meanderline that provide progressive phase shift between array elements. It is demonstrated that the radiation direction of the eight‐section meanderline array containing eight varactors can be rotated 10° by changing the varactor diode's bias voltage. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:200–204, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25634
Fiber‐format pico‐second source based on efficient frequency doubling of a high‐repetition rate erbium‐fiber laser amplifier
Authors: Zhang Shuanggen , Yao Jianghong , Liu Yange , Lu Fuyun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA compact photonic device based on efficient and wavelength‐tunable doubling of a fiber‐format pico‐second source was demonstrated. Quasi‐phase‐matched second‐harmonic generation in periodically poled lithium niobate is used to generate 150 mW of 60‐ps pulses at 775 nm with a single‐pass conversion efficiency of 23.4%, repetition rate of 6.12 GHz. The tuning bandwidth of 2 nm and a tuning temperature range of 150 ± 1.8°C can be achieved. The Er‐doped seed fiber source is amplified by a clad‐pumped Er3+/Yb3+‐codoped fiber laser with a high‐output power up to 2.18 W over a tunable wavelength range from 1535 to 1570 nm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:169–171, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25635
An experimental equation on surface impedance of short carbon fibers and apply to wave absorber
Authors: Kato Shunki , Yasuzumi Takenori , Hashimoto Osamu , Tanaka Toshiaki 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA design method of a wave absorber using short carbon fibers is proposed in this study. The measured results of the absorption characteristics show that the absorber has two‐matching frequencies. Designing of the absorber was performed by estimating the surface impedance calculated by the measured absorption characteristics. Absorption characteristics was calculated by transmission theory using the estimated surface impedance. As the results, calculated absorption agreed well with the measured ones. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:166–169, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25636
Effect of feed phase errors on the crosspolarization of offset reflector antennas
Authors: Pour Zahra Allahgholi , Shafai Lotfollah 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe impact of feed phase errors on the crosspolarization of offset reflector antennas is studied.The primary feed is assumed to be linearly polarized, with symmetrical E‐ and H‐plane patterns independent of ϕ. They are modeled by a cosnθ function, along with an extra term to account for the phase errors. Both linear and quadratic phase variations are studied. A broad range of focal length to diameter ratios, f/D from 0.5 to 1.1, are considered to investigate the crosspolarization properties in the presence of phase errors. It is shown that the reflector crosspolarization increases drastically when there is a linear phase error associated with the primary feed pattern. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:231–235, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25643
A double‐layer metamaterial with negative refractive index originating from chiral configuration
Authors: Wu Zhe , Zhu Jinfeng , Jia Mingquan , Lu Haiping , Zeng Baoqing 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMetamaterial of twisted metallic foil pairs is proposed. Resonances are illustrated in both transmission and reflection. Negative refraction index can be realized by chiral configuration of this metamaterial. Parallel and antiparallel surface currents form magnetic and electric dipoles. The cross coupling between electric and magnetic field presents chirality. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:163–166, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25645
A dual‐band band‐pass filter using stepped impendance resonator
Authors: Guo Long , Yu Zhi‐Yuan , Zhang Long 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this article, a novel dual‐band band‐pass filter (BPF) using meandering stepped impedance resonators is proposed, since the advantage of their harmonic frequencies behavior, simple structures, and simple‐established design methodology.By selecting proper impedance ration (K) and the length ration (α), a dual‐band frequencies responses can be achieved. Using this structure, a dual‐band BPF performance at 2.4/5.25 GHz is designed. To improve the selectivity, two stubs are introduced into input/output lines to create another three transmission zeros. Both electromagnetic simulation and measurement results are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:123–125, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25648