bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and experimental investigations on a compact TE11 mode bend for high‐power transmission line
Authors: Wang Keqiang , Li Hao , Li Tianming , He Chaoxiong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe oversized TE11 mode bend is able to make the transmission direction of electromagnetic wave to turn 90°, and it is one of the key components in the high‐power microwave system. The mode coupling characteristics between the TE11 and parasitic modes under two different polarisations in the bending waveguide are analysed, and it is found that the TE11 suffers less interferences from parasitic modes when its polarisation direction is perpendicular to the bending plane, and the corresponding 90° TE11 bend is easier to realise high performance. To verify this analysis, an oversized 90° TE11 bend waveguide working at 10 GHz is designed, and its structural length is only 7.5 times the central working wavelength. Simulated results indicate that its relative bandwidth is 15.6% when the transmission efficiency is over 98%, and its maximum power handling capacity reaches 5.6 GW at short microwave pulse duration (less than 100 ns). The S‐parameters indicate that its S21 is about −0.1 dB from 9.5 to 10.5 GHz, and its S11 is under −25 dB in the same frequency range. Meanwhile, the high power test indicates that the bend works stably when the injected power is 3 GW.
A systematic study of the ultra-fast outflow responses to luminosity variations in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Xu Yerong , Pinto Ciro , Rogantini Daniele , Barret Didier , Bianchi Stefano , Guainazzi Matteo , Ebrero Jacobo , Alston William , Kara Erin , Cusumano Giancarlo 
Published: May 2024

Context. Ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) have been revealed in a large number of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the past two decades. Their extreme velocities and high ionization states make them a promising candidate for AGN feedback on the evolution of the host galaxy. However, their exact underlying driving mechanism is not yet fully understood.
Aims. Given that the variability of UFOs may be used to distinguish among different launching mechanisms, we aim to search for and characterize the responses of the UFO properties to the variable irradiating luminosity.
Methods. We perform a high-resolution time- and flux-resolved spectroscopy of archival XMM-Newton observations on six highly accreting narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies, selected by UFO detection and sufficient exposure times. The state-of-the-art methods of the blind Gaussian line scan and photoionization model scan are used to identify UFO solutions. We search for ionized winds and investigate the structure of ionized winds and their responses to the luminosity variations. The location, density, and kinetic energy of UFOs are estimated as well.
Results. The powerful photoionization model scan reveals three previously unreported UFOs in RE J1034+396, PG 1244+026 and I ZW 1 with a detection significance above 3σ, and two new warm absorbers (WAs) in RE J1034+396. Five out of six (83%) AGN in our sample host multi-phase ionized winds, where outflows in I ZW 1 are energy-conserved. The relatively low-ionization entrained UFOs are discovered in four (66%) AGN of our sample, supporting the shocked outflow interpretation for ionized winds in AGN. We notice that two out of seven (28%) UFOs in our sample seem to respond to the radiation field and three (43%) UFOs hint at a radiatively accelerated nature, requiring further observations. Combined with published works, we do not find any correlations between UFO responses and AGN properties except for a tentative (∼1.8σ) anti-correlation between the UFO acceleration and the Eddington ratio, to be confirmed by further observations and an enlarged sample. The kinetic energy of UFOs, mostly detected in soft X-rays, is found to have a large uncertainty. We, therefore, cannot conclude whether soft X-ray UFOs have sufficient energy to drive the AGN feedback, although they are very promising based on some reasonable assumptions. The primary UFO in I ZW 1 (detected in the hard X-ray) is the only case in our sample to possess conclusively sufficient energy to affect the host galaxy.
Observed seasonal changes in Martian hydrogen chloride explained by heterogeneous chemistry
Authors: Taysum Benjamin M. , Palmer Paul I. , Olsen Kevin , Luginin Mikhail , Ignatiev Nikolay , Trokhimovskiy Alexander , Shakun Alexey , Grigoriev Alexey V. , Montmessin Franck , Korablev Oleg 
Published: May 2024

Aims. The aim of this work is to show that the seasonal changes and vertical distribution profiles of hydrogen chloride (HCl) on Mars, as observed by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, are consistent with the production of gas-phase chlorine atoms from airborne dust and a subsequent rapid uptake of HCl onto water ice particles.
Methods. A 1D photochemistry model was equipped with a chlorine reaction network and driven by dust, water ice, and water vapour profiles measured by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter instrumentation in Mars year 34. The release of Cl and O atoms from airborne dust via the hydration and photolysis of perchlorate within dust grains was parameterised using prior laboratory studies, and the heterogeneous uptake of chlorine species onto dust and water ice was included for processes known to occur in Earth’s atmosphere.
Results. Observed seasonal variations in Martian HCl are reproduced by the model, which yielded low HCl abundances (<1 ppbv) prior to the dust season that rise to 2–6 ppbv in southern latitudes during the dust season. Structured atmospheric layers that coincide with locations where water ice is absent are also produced. As a consequence of the Cl atoms released via our proposed mechanism, the atmospheric lifetime of methane is shortened by two orders of magnitude. This suggests that the production of Cl induced by the breakdown of hydrated perchlorate via UV radiation (or another electromagnetic radiation) in airborne Martian dust, consistent with observed profiles of HCl, could help reconcile reported variations in methane with photochemical models.
The γ-process nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae
Authors: Roberti L. , Pignatari M. , Fryer C. , Lugaro M. 
Published: May 2024

Context. The γ process in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) can produce a number of neutron-deficient stable isotopes heavier than iron (p nuclei). However, current model predictions do not fully reproduce solar abundances, especially for 92, 94Mo and 96, 98Ru.
Aims. We investigate the impact of different explosion energies and parametrizations on the nucleosynthesis of p nuclei, by studying stellar models with different initial masses and different CCSN explosions.
Methods. We compared the p-nucleus yields obtained using a semi-analytical method to simulate the supernova to those obtained using hydrodynamic models. We explored the effect of varying the explosion parameters on the p-nucleus production in two sets of CCSN models with initial masses of 15, 20, and 25 M⊙ at solar metallicity. We calculated a new set of 24 CCSN models (eight for each stellar progenitor mass) and compared our results with another recently published set of 80 CCSN models that includes a wide range of explosion parameters: explosion energy or initial shock velocity, energy injection time, and mass location of the injection.
Results. We find that the total p-nucleus yields are only marginally affected by the CCSN explosion prescriptions if the γ-process production is already efficient in the stellar progenitors due to a C−O shell merger. In most CCSN explosions from progenitors without a C−O shell merger, the γ-process yields increase with the explosion energy by up to an order of magnitude, depending on the progenitor structure and the CCSN prescriptions. The general trend of the p-nucleus production with the explosion energy is more complicated if we look at the production of single p nuclei. The light p-nuclei tend to be the most enhanced with increasing explosion energy. In particular, for the CCSN models where the α-rich freeze-out component is ejected, the yields of the lightest p nuclei (including 92, 94Mo and 96Ru) increase by up to three orders of magnitude.
Conclusions. We provide the first extensive study using different sets of massive stars of the impact of varying CCSN explosion prescriptions on the production of p nuclei. Unlike previous expectations and recent results in the literature, we find that the average production of p nuclei tends to increase with the explosion energy. We also confirm that the pre-explosion production of p nuclei in C−O shell mergers is a robust result, independent of the subsequent explosive nucleosynthesis. More generally, a realistic range of variations in the evolution of stellar progenitors and in the CCSN explosions might boost the CCSN contribution to the galactic chemical evolution of p nuclei.
Hanscarl Leuner und die Grundlagen der Psycholytischen Therapie
Authors: Passie Torsten 
Published: May 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGHanscarl Leuner (1919–1996) gilt aufgrund seines wissenschaftlichen und organisatorischen Engagements als die zentrale Figur der Psycholytischen Therapie in Europa. Die Psycholytische Therapie versucht mithilfe geringer Dosen von Halluzinogenen wie LSD oder Psilocybin Abwehrstrukturen zu lockern und dadurch einen erweiterten Zugang zu unbewussten Konflikten und Seeleninhalten zu gewinnen. Leuner hat mit seinen Forschungen die Grundlagen dieser vor allem in Europa beforschten und verbreiteten Therapie erarbeitet.Im Unterschied zur Psychedelischen Therapie, die auf 1–2 hochdosierte Sitzungen mit mystischem Verbundenheitserleben abhebt, nutzt die Psycholytische Therapie deutlich mehr Substanzapplikationen (5–25), die stets in eine Langzeitpsychotherapie eingebettet sind. Zentral ist die Arbeit an persönlichen Themen, sowohl im veränderten Bewusstseinszustand als auch in den psychotherapeutischen Sitzungen. Dieser Artikel umreißt die Grundzüge der Psycholytischen Therapie und stellt die Forschungsergebnisse Leuners zu den Grundlagen der Psycholytischen Therapie dar.
The Impact of Telehealth on Obstetrical Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Saucedo Alexander M. , Ceesay Mamaram , Ravi Sanjana , Mumford Kelsey , Alvarez Miriam , Ghartey Jeny , Harper Lorie M. , Cahill Alison G. 
Published: May 2024

Objective Nationwide, obstetric clinics modified prenatal care to include telehealth visits in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, enabling the opportunity to investigate its impact on patient outcomes. We hypothesized that use of prenatal telehealth visits would increase the number of prenatal visits, decrease the frequency of urgent triage/emergency department (ED) visits, and improve perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to determine the impact of telehealth on number of obstetric prenatal visits and urgent triage/ED visits amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort of patients from a federally qualified health center in central Texas. Patients with a singleton gestation who delivered after 32 weeks were included. Comparison groups were made between those patients who delivered between May 2020 and December 2020 (presumed modified prenatal visit schedule with in-person and telehealth) and those patients delivering between June 2019 and February 2020 (the traditional care model with in-person visits only). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate differences in the number of prenatal visits and unscheduled triage/ED visits.
Results A total of 1,654 patients were identified with 801 (48.4%) patients undergoing modified prenatal care and 853 (51.6%) patients receiving traditional care during the study period. No significant differences were seen in overall prenatal attendance or triage/ED presentations. However, when stratified by parity, multiparous patients undergoing modified prenatal care were less likely to experience an urgent triage/ED presentation (8.7 vs. 12.7%; odds ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–2.61).
Conclusion When compared with a traditional prenatal visitation cohort prepandemic, patients who received modified telehealth prenatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic had similar prenatal attendance and unscheduled emergency presentations. However, multiparous patients experienced a decreased rate of unscheduled emergency presentations. Supplementing prenatal care with telehealth may provide overall comparable prenatal care delivery.
Key Points
Sodium-Mediated Reductive anti-Dimagnesiation of Diarylacetyl­enes with Magnesium Bromide
Authors: Yorimitsu Hideki , Yamaguchi Haruka , Takahashi Fumiya , Kurogi Takashi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiarylacetylenes undergo anti-dimagnesiation using magnesium bromide and sodium dispersion to afford (E)-1,2-dimagnesioalkenes. This dimagnesiation utilizes simple magnesium bromide as a reduction-resistant electrophile, contrasting with the previously reported dimagnesiation using tricky organomagnesium halides. The resulting vicinal double Grignard reagents react with various electrophiles to yield multisubstituted alkenes stereoselectively.
The Discovery of Oral Cancer Prognostic Factor Ranking Using Association Rule Mining
Authors: Chaowchuen Sitthi , Warin Kritsasith , Somyanonthanakul Rachasak , Panichkitkosolkul Wararit , Suebnukarn Siriwan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective A 5-year survival rate is a predictor for the assessment of oral cancer prognosis. The purpose of this study is to analyze oral cancer data to discover and rank the prognostic factors associated with oral cancer 5-year survival using the association rule mining (ARM) technique.
Materials and Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of 897 oral cancer patients from a regional cancer center between 2011 and 2017. The 5-year survival rate was assessed. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to determine prognostic factors. ARM was applied to clinicopathologic and treatment modalities data to identify and rank the prognostic factors associated with oral cancer 5-year survival.
Results The 5-year overall survival rate was 35.1%. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that tumor (T) stage, lymph node metastasis, surgical margin, extranodal extension, recurrence, and distant metastasis of tumor were significantly associated with overall survival rate (p < 0.05). The top associated death within 5 years rule was positive extranodal extension, followed by positive perineural and lymphovascular invasion, with confidence levels of 0.808, 0.808, and 0.804, respectively.
Conclusion This study has shown that extranodal extension, and perineural and lymphovascular invasion were the top ranking and major deadly prognostic factors affecting the 5-year survival of oral cancer.
The Potential Role of Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Low-Density Neutrophils in Periodontitis
Authors: Mousa Ali Omran , Al Hussaini Ali Hussien Abass , Hussein Hashim Mueen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective Neutrophils own an arsenal of dischargeable chemicals that enable them to handle bacterial challenges, manipulating innate immune response and actual participation in acquired immunity. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) are one of the most important chemicals that neutrophils discharge to eradicate pathogens. Despite their beneficial role, the ROS were strongly correlated to periodontal tissue destruction. Lowdensity neutrophils (LDN) have been recognized for producing enhanced quantities of ROS. However, the potential role of ROS produced by LDN in periodontitis is unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of ROS produced by LDN in periodontal diseases.
Materials and Methods Venous blood and periodontal parameters were obtained from 100 systemically healthy subjects divided into 40 participants with healthy periodontium in the control group and 60 with unstable periodontitis in the study group. Flow cytometry was used to measure the production of ROS by LDN in both groups.
Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed for normal distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test at p < 0.05, Spearman's correlations, and Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS v25.
Results No difference between the groups had been obtained in ROS production by LDN. However, a significant positive correlation existed between ROS and clinical attachment loss in periodontitis.
Conclusion LDN exhibits the same ROS generation capacity in the control and periodontitis groups.
The Role of Dental Arch Dimensions and Impacted Third Molars on Mandibular Anterior Segment Crowding
Authors: Selmani Mimoza , Bukleta Manushaqe Selmani , Duci Shkelzen B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the potential impact of arch dimensions and unerupted third molars on mandibular anterior segment crowding.
Materials and Methods This study included a total of 240 subjects with an average age of 18 years seeking orthodontic treatment. Panoramic radiographs, alginate impressions, and study models were taken for measurements. This study utilized the Ganss ratio to calculate the ratio of retromolar space to the width of the crown of the third molar, along with other measurements such as intercanine and intermolar widths, arch perimeter, and arch length to assess dental arch dimensions.
Results We found that the Ganss ratio and angle B values on both the right and left sides were significantly different between the noncrowding and crowding groups, suggesting a potential role for third molars in mandibular anterior segment crowding. Additionally, there was an increase in angle A on both sides in the crowding group, indicating a more acute angle between the anterior teeth. This study also observed a reduction in the retromolar space on the third molars in the crowding group, further supporting the potential role of third molars in mandibular anterior segment crowding.
Conclusion The findings of our study provide substantial evidence to suggest that third molars may contribute to mandibular anterior segment crowding. These findings highlight the importance of carefully evaluating dental arch dimensions and the presence of third molars when assessing and treating mandibular anterior segment crowding.
Prevalence and Outcomes of Gastrointestinal Anomalies in Down Syndrome
Authors: Elgendy Marwa M. , Cortez Josef , Saker Firas , Mohamed Mohamed A. , Aly Hany 
Published: May 2024

Objectives Our objective was to investigate the prevalence of small intestinal atresia and Hirschsprung's disease (HD) in infants with Down syndrome (DS) and its impact on outcomes.
Study Design We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample dataset. We included infants with DS, small intestinal atresia, HD, and the concomitant occurrence of both conditions. Regression analysis was used to control clinical and demographic variables.
Results A total of 66,213,034 infants were included, of whom, 99,861 (0.15%) had DS. The concomitant occurrence of small intestinal atresia and HD was more frequent in infants with DS compared with the general population, adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 122, 95% confidence interval (CI): 96–154, (p < 0.001). Infants with DS and concomitant small intestinal atresia and HD had higher mortality compared with those without these conditions, aOR: 8.59, 95% CI: 1.95–37.8.
Conclusion Infants with DS are at increased risk of concomitant small intestinal atresia and HD, and this condition is associated with increased mortality.
Key Points
Development of a dose-rate dosimeter using a silicon photodiode for a medical linear accelerator in a 10 MV flattening filter-free mode
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi , Ariga Hisanori , Yoshioka Kunihiro 
Published: May 2024

This study was aimed at developing a dose-rate dosimeter to measure the instantaneous dose rate of a commercially available medical linear accelerator. A dose-rate dosimeter composed of a silicon photodiode (Si-PD), a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor single operational amplifier, a resistor of 20 MΩ, a capacitor of 100 pF, and a mini-substrate measuring 16 × 16 mm2 was evaluated. Voltage outputs from the proposed dosimeter were measured using an analog-to-digital converter on a microcomputer. A custom-made x-ray tube generator at an energy of 120 kV with a tube current ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 mA was used for the dose-rate calibration. Dose-rate calibration was performed 83.3 mm from an x-ray source using a commercially available semiconductor dosimeter. The developed Si-PD dosimeter could measure up to 0.6 Gy/s at a distance of 19.3 mm from the x-ray source. Measurements were also performed using a medical linear accelerator in a 10 MV flattening filter-free mode at depths of 0, 25, 50, and 100 mm with an irradiation field of 100 × 100 mm2 at a constant distance of 1000 mm from the source to the dosimeter. A peak voltage variation corresponding to the instantaneous dose rate was observed using a sampling period of 1.0 ms, and the peak voltages decreased with the depth. The detected pulse numbers were 512, 484, 491, and 511 at depths of 0, 25, 50, and 100 mm, respectively.
Multi-frequency signal acquisition and phase measurement in space gravitational wave detection
Authors: Zhang Qiang-Tao , Liu He-Shan , Dong Peng , Li Pan , Luo Zi-Ren 
Published: May 2024

To enhance the accuracy of phase measurement and to prevent tracking errors, it is crucial to effectively read the multi-frequency signal in space gravitational wave detection. In this paper, a novel signal acquisition method called the multi-frequency acquisition algorithm is proposed and implemented. Different from the traditional single-frequency acquisition, the signal characteristics of amplitude and frequency are both considered to better distinguish different frequency components. A phasemeter integrated with the acquisition method and narrow-bandwidth digital phase-locked loop is constructed for the method test and verification. The results show that the multi-frequency acquisition unit can capture all the frequencies of an input signal in several milliseconds. The precision is better than ±200 Hz under a low SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of 0 dB. The phase noise can reach 2 µrad/Hz1/2 in the frequency range of 0.1–1 Hz and satisfy the requirement of the space gravitational wave detection in all frequency ranges.