bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ischemic stroke risk in patients with dopamine agonist‐treated hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Akirov Amit , Rudman Yaron , Sharon Yael , Shimon Ilan , Kushnir Shiri , Diker‐Cohen Talia 
Published: February 2025

AbstractData on the risk of stroke in patients with hyperprolactinemia are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association between hyperprolactinemia and ischemic stroke in a large cohort and identify predictors of stroke in this population. This was a retrospective cohort study comparing the incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with dopamine agonist‐treated hyperprolactinemia to matched controls in a 1:5 ratio. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. The cohort included 2440 patients with DA‐treated hyperprolactinemia patients (mean age ± SD: 38.42 ± 14.57 years, 60.2% women) matched to 12,022 controls (mean age ± SD: 38.15 ± 14.36 years, 60.8% women). Ischemic stroke occurred in 195 patients with hyperprolactinemia (8.0%) and 747 controls (6.21%) (adjusted HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06–1.46). Patients with hyperprolactinemia developed stroke at a younger age (57.75 ± 15.88 years vs. 60.18 ± 15.20 years, p = .05). Patients with PRL levels >5× ULN at diagnosis had a higher stroke incidence than those with lower levels (9.73% vs. 6.85%; HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.11–1.97). Longer time to prolactin normalization was associated with a higher incidence of stroke (median 21.88 vs. 13.78 months; p = .0005). In multivariate analysis, age ≥60 years, male gender, hypertension, type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease were significant predictors of stroke in patients with hyperprolactinemia. Dopamine agonist‐treated hyperprolactinemia is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke compared to well‐matched controls from the general population. Higher prolactin levels at diagnosis and a longer time to normalization were linked to a greater risk of stroke.
The cortisol awakening response in very preterm born adults compared to term born adults
Authors: Albayrak Bilge , Batsikadze Giorgi , Jablonski Lara , Felderhoff‐Müser Ursula , Hörbelt‐Grünheidt Tina , Friedel Anna Lena , Hirtz Raphael , Heuser‐Spura Katharina , Dewan Monia V. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractVery preterm infants are at higher risk of long‐term neurodevelopmental and psychiatric impairments, including anxiety. Prematurity is also linked to altered programming of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, associated with stress‐related diseases. The cortisol awakening response (CAR), marked by a rapid cortisol increase after waking, is a biomarker of HPA reactivity and is linked to psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to evaluate for the first time the CAR in adults born very preterm and to explore its association with anxiety and stress. Twenty‐five young adults born very preterm and 24 age‐ and sex‐matched term‐born controls collected saliva samples on two consecutive mornings at 0, 30, 45, and 60 min after awakening. Anxiety was measured using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, and stress was assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale. The CAR was analyzed using the sample at 0 min (S1), total cortisol output (AUCg), and actual CAR (AUCi). There were no significant differences in AUCi. The preterm group exhibited lower S1 levels and a reduced AUCg. Preterm‐born participants reported higher trait anxiety and stress, though no consistent link with the CAR was identified. Findings suggest long‐term neuroendocrine changes in adults born very preterm, warranting further research.Clinical Trial Registration: Duetsche Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS): 00020235.
Incidence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP‐NENs): An updated systematic review of population‐based reports from 2010 to 2023
Authors: Nordstrand Magnus Andreas , Lea Dordi , Søreide Jon Arne 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThere is a general perception that the incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) has been increasing. Nevertheless, reports of actual population‐based studies are scarce, and pertinent data from some geographical regions still need to be available. In this systematic literature review of population‐based studies, we aimed to evaluate the available data to provide updated figures on the incidence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP‐NENs). Guided by the PRISMA 2020 statement reporting items for systematic reviews, this study conducted a systematic search using Ovid in the bibliographic databases Embase, Medline, and Web of Science Core Collection. Only incidence‐reporting studies were included. In total, 847 articles were identified, and through a strict evaluation process using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, we found 19 papers that reported the general incidence of GEP‐NENs from all sites. In addition, we considered another 15 papers that focused on the epidemiologic aspects of single‐organ studies. While the incidence rates of GEP‐NEN vary across similar countries, the general incidence of GEP‐NEN has been increasing worldwide in recent decades. The incidence of GEP‐NENs has increased worldwide over the last two decades, and reliable figures from new regions add to this pattern. Nevertheless, variations in the classification, grading, and reporting of GEP‐NENs in various studies make direct comparisons difficult.
Multi‐Plant Concentrated Powder Improved Skin Whitening: A Double‐Blinded, Randomized, and Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: He Yuxiang , Bu Yongshi , Chiang Chi‐Fu , Lin Yung‐Hsiang , Liang Chia‐Hua , Chan Leong‐Perng , Sun Jiawen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionWith the growing demand for skin‐enhancing products in the market, research into edible plants has expanded significantly. Numerous studies have shown that plant extracts rich in phytochemicals can effectively improve skin issues such as wrinkles, pigmentation, and dullness. However, clinical studies focusing on the effects of combined ingredients are still limited.ObjectiveThis study combined three plant ingredients known for their skin‐beautifying effects and clinically tested their functional properties.MethodsSixty healthy subjects were screened and randomly divided into two groups: a test group (TG) and a placebo group (PG). TG took two tablets of multi‐plant concentrated powder daily, while PG took placebo tablets without active ingredients. The study lasted 12 weeks. Plasma Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured at week 0 (W0), week 8 (W8), and week 12 (W12). Skin brightness (L* value), skin tone (Individual Typological Angle (ITA°)), erythema (a* value), skin spots, and wrinkles were assessed at week 0 (W0), week 4 (W4), week 8 (W8), and week 12 (W12).ResultsThe study showed significant improvements in all three antioxidant markers in the blood after consuming the compound ingredient tablets compared to the PG (p < 0.01). L* value and ITA° significantly increased from 8 weeks (p < 0.1). Skin spots significantly decreased at W8 and W12 (p < 0.1). While a* value and skin wrinkles showed noticeable reductions within the group in week 12 (p < 0.1), there were no significant differences compared to the PG.ConclusionsConsumption of multi‐plant concentrated powder improved skin whitening, brightened skin tone, reduced skin spots, and showed some improvement in wrinkles and erythema.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05988567
Struggles of Fatherhood: A Prospective Study on the Incidence of Paternal Postpartum Depression and Associated Factors
Authors: Chua Jing Shi , Ng Jamie Qiao Xin , Chee Cornelia Yin Ing , Shen Liang , Dennis Cindy‐Lee , Chong Yap Seng , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo investigate the incidence and the factors associated with paternal postpartum depression amongst new fathers in Singapore.DesignA prospective repeated measures study was conducted from September 2023 to March 2024.MethodsA total of 200 fathers aged 21 years and above who had a neonate born at full term and no serious health events for both mother and neonate were recruited from a local hospital via convenience sampling. Fathers completed questionnaires at the third trimester of pregnancy (baseline) and 1 month postpartum. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify significant factors associated with postpartum depression in fathers.ResultsThe incidence of paternal postpartum depression was 5.26% at 1 month post‐childbirth, using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Using the Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS), 7% of the fathers were identified with high risk of depression and 14.3% of the fathers had moderate depressive symptoms. Paternal postpartum depression at 1 month post‐childbirth could be predicted by paternal postpartum depression scores at baseline measured by EPDS and GMDS, as well as by baseline perceived social support and parental self‐efficacy at 1 month post‐childbirth.ConclusionThis study found that a considerable number of fathers in Singapore are at risk of postpartum depression. There is an urgent need for the development of more comprehensive tools to measure postpartum depression in fathers that are culturally adapted to the local context.ImplicationsEarly screening during antenatal visits enables timely intervention and access to support, benefiting the entire family. Nurses could help fathers to be more involved by extending patient education and teaching infant care skills to both parents. When counselling patients, the involvement of extended family members and navigating new roles as caregivers of a new baby and breadwinners are important considerations for new parents.ImpactThis study is the first of its kind to measure the incidence of postpartum depression amongst new fathers in an urban multicultural Asian setting, like Singapore. The study found that the incidence of postpartum depression in fathers were 5.26% when measured using EPDS and 14.3% when measured using GMDS at 1 month postpartum. These findings could inform future family‐centred and father‐specific interventions to improve the mental health outcomes of new parents.Reporting MethodThis study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Repo over the Financial Crisis
Authors: COPELAND ADAM , MARTIN ANTOINE 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper uses new data to provide a comprehensive view of repo activity during the 2007 global financial crisis. We show that activity declined much more in the bilateral segment of the market than in the tri‐party segment. Surprisingly, a large share of the decline in activity is driven by repos backed by Treasury securities. Further, a disproportionate share of the decline in repo activity is connected to securities dealer's market‐making activity. In particular, the evidence suggests that at least part of the decline is not driven by clients pulling away from securities dealers because of counterparty credit concerns.
Law and conspiracy theory: sovereign citizens, freemen on the land, and pseudolaw
Authors: KOCHI TARIK 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis article examines the ‘sovereign citizen’ and ‘freemen on the land’ movements and the operation of ‘pseudolaw’. Against a predominant judicial, governmental, and academic approach that portrays sovereign citizen beliefs as ‘irrational’ and ‘nonsensical’, I argue that such beliefs should be understood in terms of conflicts within the socio‐historical production of ‘legitimate’ knowledge across the public sphere and popular culture. Conspiratorial sovereign citizen beliefs articulate, albeit very problematically, social concerns and suspicions in relation to transnational economic, political, and legal power. Further, such beliefs should be understood within the context of the rise to prominence and contemporary normalization of neoliberal, authoritarian populism, and a discourse of ‘inverted oppression’. Through this, a range of anti‐egalitarian, ethno‐nationalist, and racist beliefs are hidden behind and justified via a conspiratorial worldview that uses a supposedly ‘neutral’ pseudolegal rhetoric to defend individual liberty against a perceived social reality constituted by ongoing and extreme oppression.
Technical Considerations in the TCD Evaluation of Cerebral Circulatory Arrest in Death by Neurological Criteria
Authors: Reynolds Alexandra S. , Suh Jimmy , Hasan Ahmedyar , Upadhyaya Parth , Rajajee Venkatakrishna , Hirzallah Mohammad I. , Greer David M. , Sarwal Aarti ,   American Society of Neuroimaging Brain Death Task force
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeAncillary testing is essential for diagnosing brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) when clinical determination (neurologic exam and apnea testing) cannot be fully or safely performed. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) has been recommended as an ancillary test; however, the technical descriptions have been heterogeneous. We aimed to consolidate the technical considerations related to the use of TCD as an ancillary test in the evaluation of BD/DNC.MethodsWe performed a scoping review of the available literature from inception to December 2024. Articles describing TCD as an ancillary test for BD/DNC were included using appropriate Medical Subject Headings terms. The focus was on technical details and clinimetric properties of TCD (e.g., signal quality, frequency, gate, probe location, etc.). Technical categories were curated as full‐text reviews were completed.ResultsWe reviewed 181 articles to extract technical descriptions of TCD under several categories. Image acquisition was divided into machine‐related factors (59 studies, four questions), exam‐related aspects (82 studies, 13 questions), and patient anatomical factors (19 studies, three questions). Image interpretation concerns were addressed in 50 studies (three questions). Patient‐related clinical factors affecting TCD utility were addressed in 44 studies (seven questions). Legislative priorities were discussed in 19 studies; in 13 studies, authors commented on their recommendations for research priorities.ConclusionWe found significant inconsistencies and a lack of technical details described in the literature. Next steps include a national survey of current TCD protocols for BD/DNC evaluation, and an expert consensus guidelines report on the technical use of TCD as an ancillary test.
Swallowing and Oral‐Sensorimotor Characteristics in a Sample of Young Hospitalised Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition
Authors: Eslick Casey Jane , Kritzinger Alta , Graham Marien Alet , Krüger Esedra 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo describe swallowing and oral‐sensorimotor characteristics in a sample of young hospitalised children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM).MethodsThe Schedule of Oral‐motor Assessment was used to compare oral‐sensorimotor skills of 45 hospitalised patients with SAM (M = 15.98 months; SD = 8.03), to pairwise‐matched controls (M = 15.96 months; SD = 8.08). Participants were matched for age, gender, TB, HIV‐status, socio‐economic status including maternal education, paternal employment, housing and transport access. Caregivers reported demographic information, feeding practices and behaviours during feeding.ResultsIn comparison to controls (n = 6; 13.3%), participants with SAM (n = 25; 55.6%) presented with significantly more oral‐sensorimotor difficulties (p < 0.001), across all consistencies except liquids from the trainer cup and bottle. Difficulties included jaw opening and stabilisation, tongue and lip control for chewing, bolus formation and transport, sustained bite and uncoordinated swallowing. Delayed sitting development significantly correlated with uncoordinated swallowing and head extension on puree and cup drinking, and multiple swallows on puree and semi‐solids. Force‐feeding and slow swallow initiation in semi‐solids significantly correlated. Disruptive feeding behaviours and higher levels of food refusal at the beginning of meals were reported. Clinical signs of aspiration were identified.ConclusionsOral‐sensorimotor dysfunction and possible aspiration were observed in 55.6% of participants with SAM. Safe swallowing function for overall health and nutritional recovery is emphasised. Under‐identification of oral‐sensorimotor difficulties, lack of referral to speech‐language therapists and disruption to continuity of care warrants further research.
Improved Convolutional Network With Transfer Learning and Texture Feature Extractor for Plant Disease Detection
Authors: Kafare Tushar V. , Sharma Nirmal , Wanare Anil L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGlobal agriculture is seriously threatened by plant diseases, which have an effect on output and food security. For disease care to be effective, prompt detection and precise diagnosis are essential. Traditional methods reliant on the visual inspection are labour‐intensive and subjective. Recent technological advances in computer vision and machine learning offer promising solutions. This paper introduces the Transfer Learning‐based Plant Disease Detection (TL‐PDD) framework, which integrates preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and disease prediction stages. Initial preprocessing employs median filtering for data refinement. Segmentation, utilising the Adaptive Pixel Integration in Joint Segmentation (APIJS) approach, isolates disease‐affected regions in plant images through a variant of DJS. Feature extraction includes the extraction of critical attributes such as Multi‐texton, PHOG and Niblack's Method Assisted in Local Gabor Increasing Pattern (NMA‐LGIP). Disease prediction employs a novel Double Convolutional Activation in Convolutional Neural Network‐Transfer Learning (DCA‐CNN‐TL) model, facilitating disease classification and severity assessment based on extracted features. The efficiency and precision of plant disease detection systems can be improved by this framework, supporting efforts to ensure global food security and sustainable agriculture.
An Empirical Study of the Actual Conditions, Current Attitudes, and Psychological Outcomes of Tattooing Among Japanese People
Authors: Suzuki Tomohiro , Okubo Tomoo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn Western countries, more people are being tattooed than in the past, and this may also be the case in Japan. This study aimed to clarify the actual conditions, current attitudes, and psychological outcomes of tattooing among Japanese people, using a sample comparing traditional Japanese and Western tattoos. A total of 174 participants (124 men and 50 women), 76 of whom had traditional Japanese tattoos and 98 Western tattoos, participated in this study. Results indicated that the participants were tattooed at a relatively young age. More than 80% of the respondents answered that their tattoos were hidden. Participants who had traditional Japanese tattoos were more satisfied with them, expressed less regret, and had a higher desire to have more tattoos than those participants with Western tattoos. Furthermore, relationships between the current attitude towards getting tattooed, the expected psychological outcomes for getting tattooed, and the obtained psychological outcomes expected after getting tattooed were different for the two participant groups above.
Cognitive and psychological factors associated with treatment response in ACT‐I and CBT‐I for insomnia
Authors: Linares Ila Marques Porto , Jernelöv Susanna , El Rafihi‐Ferreira Renatha 
Published: February 2025

SummaryCognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is the treatment of choice for patients with insomnia, but not all patients benefit, and novel psychological treatment approaches have emerged (e.g. acceptance and commitment therapy). Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether treatment modality, adherence, insomnia severity, anxiety, depression, beliefs about sleep or acceptance of sleep problems are factors associated with response to psychological insomnia treatment. The sample consisted of 152 adults (115 women; mean age = 40.6 years, SD = 10.2) with chronic insomnia, and they participated in a randomized clinical trial comparing acceptance and commitment therapy for insomnia (as a standalone) with cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia. The outcome measure was proportion of treatment responders (8 points reduction or more) on the Insomnia Severity Index, assessed at pre‐ and post‐treatment and 6‐month follow‐up. The predictor variables were assessed at pre‐treatment. The final multivariate model showed that undergoing cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia increased the chances of treatment response at post‐treatment by 2.70 times when compared with acceptance and commitment therapy for insomnia (odds ratio = 2.70 [1.14–6.38]). In addition, each additional point in pre‐treatment insomnia severity (odds ratio = 1.15 [1.01–1.30]) and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep (odds ratio = 1.02 [1.00–1.05]) scores increased the chances of response at post‐treatment. Treatment adherence increased the chances of treatment response at post‐treatment by 3.07 times (odds ratio = 3.07 [1.28–7.34]). Finally, each additional point on the Insomnia Severity Index pre‐treatment increased the chances of treatment response at the 6‐month follow‐up (odds ratio = 1.14 [1.01–1.29]). In conclusion, cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia increases the chance of treatment response compared with acceptance and commitment therapy for insomnia. Moreover, higher adherence, insomnia severity and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep predict treatment outcome in both treatments.
Analysis of survival among biopsy‐determined categories of kidney disease in dogs
Authors: Schultz Devyn M. , Rivera Carolina , Jeffery Nicholas , Cianciolo Rachel E. , Hokamp Jessica A. , Labato Mary Anna , Nabity Mary B. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThere are many causes of kidney disease in dogs. The association of the diagnostic category with survival is unknown.ObjectiveDetermine survival outcomes for biopsy‐determined diagnostic categories of kidney disease in dogs.AnimalsSix hundred forty‐nine dogs were biopsied for evaluation of kidney disease.MethodsRetrospective study. Survival information was obtained for dogs whose kidney biopsy was submitted to the International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service between 2008 and 2018. Signalment, serum creatinine (sCr), urine protein : creatinine ratio (UPCR), and serum albumin (sAlb) were reported at the time of biopsy. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed for the 14 categories with >10 cases having follow‐up to determine hazard ratios (HR), using focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) as baseline.ResultsThe median survival time (MST) for all dogs with follow‐up (n = 649) was 608 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 109‐1475 days). The most follow‐up was obtained for FSGS (n = 138, MST 536 days). Dogs with renal amyloidosis (n = 80) had the shortest survival (MST 76 days, IQR 8‐299 days) and, in the multivariate analysis including age, sCr, sAlb, and UPCR, an increased risk of death (HR 1.79 [95% CI: 1.22‐2.65], P < .01). Dogs with podocytopathy, membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), mixed MGN, membranoproliferative GN (MPGN), and mixed MPGN had decreased risk of death. Regardless of category, increasing age, sCr, and UPCR and decreased sAlb were associated with a greater risk of death.ConclusionsThe diagnostic category is associated with survival in dogs with kidney disease. Survival of individual dogs within each category was highly variable.