bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Only Mild Obesity
Authors: Cohen Ricardo V. , Pinheiro Jose C. , Schiavon Carlos A. , Salles João E. , Wajchenberg Bernardo L. , Cummings David E. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) ameliorates type 2 diabetes in severely obese patients through mechanisms beyond just weight loss, and it may benefit less obese diabetic patients. We determined the long-term impact of RYGB on patients with diabetes and only class I obesity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Sixty-six consecutively selected diabetic patients with BMI 30–35 kg/m2 underwent RYGB in a tertiary-care hospital and were prospectively studied for up to 6 years (median 5 years [range 1–6]), with 100% follow-up. Main outcome measures were safety and the percentage of patients experiencing diabetes remission (HbA1c &lt;6.5% without diabetes medication).

RESULTS
Participants had severe, longstanding diabetes, with disease duration 12.5 ± 7.4 years and HbA1c 9.7 ± 1.5%, despite insulin and/or oral diabetes medication usage in everyone. For up to 6 years following RYGB, durable diabetes remission occurred in 88% of cases, with glycemic improvement in 11%. Mean HbA1c fell from 9.7 ± 1.5 to 5.9 ± 0.1% (P &lt; 0.001), despite diabetes medication cessation in the majority. Weight loss failed to correlate with several measures of improved glucose homeostasis, consistent with weight-independent antidiabetes mechanisms of RYGB. C-peptide responses to glucose increased substantially, suggesting improved β-cell function. There was no mortality, major surgical morbidity, or excessive weight loss. Hypertension and dyslipidemia also improved, yielding 50–84% reductions in predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease risks of fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease and stroke.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the largest, longest-term study examining RYGB for diabetic patients without severe obesity. RYGB safely and effectively ameliorated diabetes and associated comorbidities, reducing cardiovascular risk, in patients with a BMI of only 30–35 kg/m2.
A Critical Evaluation of Glycated Protein Parameters in Advanced Nephropathy: A Matter of Life or Death
Authors: Freedman Barry I. 
Published: June 2012

Chronic kidney disease remains as one of the major complications for individuals with diabetes and contributes to considerable morbidity. Individuals subjected to dialysis therapy, half of whom are diabetic, experience a mortality of ∼20% per year. Understanding factors related to mortality remains a priority. Outside of dialysis units, A1C is unquestioned as the “gold standard” for glycemic control. In the recent past, however, there is evidence in large cohorts of diabetic dialysis patients that A1C at both the higher and lower levels was associated with mortality. Given the unique conditions associated with the metabolic dysregulation in dialysis patients, there is a critical need to identify accurate assays to monitor glycemic control to relate to cardiovascular endpoints. In this two-part point-counterpoint narrative, Drs. Freedman and Kalantar-Zadeh take opposing views on the utility of A1C in relation to cardiovascular disease and survival and as to consideration of use of other short-term markers in glycemia. In the narrative below, Dr. Freedman suggests that glycated albumin may be the preferred glycemic marker in dialysis subjects. In the counterpoint narrative following Dr. Freedman’s contribution, Dr. Kalantar-Zadeh defends the use of A1C as the unquestioned gold standard for glycemic management in dialysis subjects.
—William T. Cefalu, MD Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
Liver Fat Is Reduced by an Isoenergetic MUFA Diet in a Controlled Randomized Study in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Bozzetto Lutgarda , Prinster Anna , Annuzzi Giovanni , Costagliola Lucia , Mangione Anna , Vitelli Alessandra , Mazzarella Raffaella , Longobardo Margaret , Mancini Marcello , Vigorito Carlo , Riccardi Gabriele , Rivellese Angela A. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of qualitative dietary changes and the interaction with aerobic exercise training on liver fat content independent of weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
With use of a factorial 2 × 2 randomized parallel-group design, 37 men and 8 women, aged 35–70 years, with type 2 diabetes in satisfactory blood glucose control on diet or diet plus metformin treatment were assigned to one of the following groups for an 8-week period: 1) high-carbohydrate/high-fiber/low–glycemic index diet (CHO/fiber group), 2) high-MUFA diet (MUFA group), 3) high-carbohydrate/high-fiber/low–glycemic index diet plus physical activity program (CHO/fiber+Ex group), and 4) high-MUFA diet plus physical activity program (MUFA+Ex group). Before and after intervention, hepatic fat content was measured by 1H NMR.

RESULTS
Dietary compliance was optimal and body weight remained stable in all groups. Liver fat content decreased more in MUFA (−29%) and MUFA+Ex (−25%) groups than in CHO/fiber (−4%) and CHO/fiber+Ex groups (−6%). Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, including baseline values as covariate, showed a significant effect on liver fat content for diet (P = 0.006), with no effects for exercise training (P = 0.789) or diet-exercise interaction (P = 0.712).

CONCLUSIONS
An isocaloric diet enriched in MUFA compared with a diet higher in carbohydrate and fiber was associated with a clinically relevant reduction of hepatic fat content in type 2 diabetic patients independent of an aerobic training program and should be considered for the nutritional management of hepatic steatosis in people with type 2 diabetes.
Professional Stress and Health among Critical Care Nurses in Serbia
Authors: Milutinović Dragana , Golubović Boris , Brkić Nina , Prokeš Bela 
Published: June 2012

Professional Stress and Health among Critical Care Nurses in SerbiaThe aim of this study was to identify and analyse professional stressors, evaluate the level of stress in nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICU), and assess the correlation between the perception of stress and psychological and somatic symptoms or diseases shown by nurses. The research, designed as a cross-sectional study, was carried out in the Intensive Care Units (ICU), in health centres in Serbia. The sample population encompassed 1000 nurses. Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) was used as the research instrument. ENSS revealed a valid metric characteristic within our sample population. Nurses from ICUs rated situations involving physical and psychological working environments as the most stressful ones, whereas situations related to social working environment were described as less stressful; however, the differences in the perception of stressfulness of these environments were minor. Socio-demographic determinants of the participants (age, marital status and education level) significantly affected the perception of stress at work. Significant differences in the perception of stressfulness of particular stress factors were observed among nurses with respect to psychological and somatic symptoms (such as headache, insomnia, fatigue, despair, lower back pain, mood swings etc.) and certain diseases (such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus etc). In view of permanent escalation of professional stressors, creating a supportive working environment is essential for positive health outcomes, prevention of job-related diseases and better protection of already ill nurses.
Smoking among Macedonian Workers Five Years after the Anti-Smoking Campaign
Authors: Minov Jordan , Karadžinska-Bislimovska Jovanka , Vasilevska Kristin , Nelovska Zlatka , Risteska-Kuc Snežana , Stoleski Sašo , Mijakoski Dragan 
Published: June 2012

Smoking among Macedonian Workers Five Years after the Anti-Smoking CampaignTo assess the efficacy of nationwide anti-smoking campaign, we compared the findings of a study on worker smoking performed in 2005 with our latest cross-sectional study completed in 2010. It included 753 randomly selected workers, of whom 126 office, 108 construction, 93 agricultural, 97 petroleum refinery, 114 textile, 117 food processing workers, and 98 cleaners. Information was collected with a self-administered questionnaire. The prevalence of current smokers among all workers was 35.4 %, ranging from 30.2 % in office workers to 43.5 % in construction workers. It did not significantly differ from the prevalence recorded in 2005 (35.4 % vs. 36.8 %, respectively; P=0.441). Mean pack-years smoked among all smokers was 12.4±2.3, ranging from 10.9 in administrative workers to 13.7 in agricultural workers. We did not find any significant difference in the prevalence of current smokers between male and female workers and between workers aged less or more than 40 years, as well as between workers of higher and lower education. The prevalence of ex-smokers was 10.5 %, ranging from 8.4 % in construction workers to 12.1 % in administrative workers, whereas the prevalence of passive smokers was 29.1 %, ranging from 26.2 % in food processing workers to 32.9 % in agricultural workers. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of current and passive smokers has remained high regardless of the anti-smoking campaign and call for stricter implementation of anti-smoking regulations.
Recovery from an Eighty-Percent Total Body Surface Area Burn Injury Sustained at Work
Authors: Hahn Helga 
Published: June 2012

Recovery from an Eighty-Percent Total Body Surface Area Burn Injury Sustained at WorkThis article presents a case of severe burn injury at work involving 80 % of body surface area and patient treatment and rehabilitation, which resulted in preserved working ability. The worker was injured by hot water and steam. After initial treatment in the intensive care unit, he underwent comprehensive clinical and outpatient rehabilitation that took 92 weeks, after which he returned to work. His working disability was 100 % after the initial treatment in the intensive care unit, but rehabilitation improved it to 50 %. It should always be kept in mind that even patients with serious or life-threatening injuries can be reintegrated into the workforce if patients, physicians, occupational physicians, and employers all work together.
Effects of Exposure to Mixed Organic Solvents on Blood Pressure in Non-Smoking Women Working in a Pharmaceutical Company
Authors: Mohammadi Saber , Golabadi Majid , Labbafinejad Yasser , Pishgahhadian Fatemeh , Attarchi Mirsaeed 
Published: June 2012

Effects of Exposure to Mixed Organic Solvents on Blood Pressure in Non-Smoking Women Working in a Pharmaceutical CompanySome studies suggest that exposure to industrial solvents can affect blood pressure. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a mixture of organic solvents on blood pressure in women working in a pharmaceutical company in Iran. Four hundred and thirty-three women were included in the study. Women working in packing units (group 1) were not exposed to the mixture of organic solvents, women in new laboratory units (group 2) were exposed to the mixture within the permitted range and women working in old laboratory units (group 3) were exposed to the mixture above the permitted limit. We compared systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP & DBP) and prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among groups. The results revealed a significant difference in SBP and pre-hypertension (p<0.001) and hypertension (p<0.05) prevalence between the exposed and the control group, but DBP did not differ significantly. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between hypertension and exposure to mixed solvents. Odds ratio for hypertension in the group 2 and group 3 (exposed) workers was 2.36 and 3, respectively, compared to controls. Our results suggest that exposure to a mixture of organic solvents may increase SBP and hypertension and pre-hypertension prevalence in drug manufacture workers. Therefore, more attention should be paid to workers that work in such settings by periodically measuring blood pressure and implementing accurate and comprehensive programs to reduce exposure to organic solvents.
Concentration of Lead, Cadmium, and Iron in Sediment Dust and Total Suspended Particles Before and After Initialisation of Integral Production in Iron and Steel Work Plant Zenica
Authors: Prcanović Halim , Duraković Mirnes , Beganović Sanela 
Published: June 2012

Concentration of Lead, Cadmium, and Iron in Sediment Dust and Total Suspended Particles Before and After Initialisation of Integral Production in Iron and Steel Work Plant ZenicaPoor air quality is a common fact for all areas with base industry. The city of Zenica was once the metallurgical centre of Ex-Yugoslavia and is therefore highly polluted at present. Air pollution peaked in 1987 when average concentration of pollutants was extremely high (daily average concentration of SO2 was 1800 μg m-3). With the beginning of the war in 1992, integral production in the steel work plant was shut down, to be re-launched in 2008. Limit values for iron do not exist, but iron has been monitored in Zenica for the past 28 years because of the presence of steel works. Concentrations of cadmium and lead have also been measured because they are very much present in polluted areas with steel works. The concentration of mentioned elements in air deposit and total suspended particles before and after integral production in the steel work plant was re-launched is the subject of this paper. Total suspended particles were measured in two locations using German standard VDI 2463 Blatt 4. Sediment dust was measured in nine locations using Bergerhoff method. The concentration of iron, lead, and cadmium was performed in the chemical laboratory of the Metallurgical Institute "Kemal Kapetanović" Zenica using standard methods. Higher concentrations of these parameters during the period of integral production clearly point to the impact of steel works on Zenica valley.
Frequency of Musculoskeletal and Eye Symptoms among Computer Users at Work
Authors: Radulović Bojana , Huršidić-Radulović Azra 
Published: June 2012

Frequency of Musculoskeletal and Eye Symptoms among Computer Users at WorkComputer users most often complain of the eye and locomotor system disorders. The goal of this paper was to find out the frequency and relation between musculoskeletal and eye symptoms among computer workers.The data on musculoskeletal and eye symptoms were provided by two questionnaires. Forty-nine workers were included in the study. Their mean age was 41 years and average length of service 16 years. The average amount of time they spent in front of computers was 6.73 hours per day. Women spent more time working at a computer per day than men (P=0.025). The most frequent complaint in the past year referred to the upper back pain (30.6 % of the workers). Every fourth worker, i.e. 24.5 % of them experienced neck pain in the past year; women more often than men (P=0.024). A health problem which reduced the range of motion and prompted the workers to ask for sick leave was lower back pain. The relation between eye symptoms and the upper back pain experienced in the past year (P=0.004), and in the last week (P=0.031) was statistically significant.Proper exercises for stretching musculoskeletal system, ergonomic computer equipment, and artificial tears could decrease muscular and eye problems, which in turn could enhance productivity and reduce sick leaves.
Ototoxic Substances at the Workplace: a Brief Update
Authors: Nies Eberhard 
Published: June 2012

Ototoxic Substances at the Workplace: a Brief UpdateOtotoxic chemicals can impair the sense of hearing and balance. Lately, efforts have been intensified to compile evidence-based lists of workplace agents with ototoxic properties. This article gives a rough overview of the latest relevant publications, which confirm that toluene, styrene, and lead should receive particular attention as ototoxic substances at the workplace. Moreover, there is sufficient evidence that occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, mercury, carbon monoxide, and carbon disulfide can affect the ear. Based on the existing information, industrial hygienists should make sure that occupational health professionals and the workforce are made aware of the risks posed by ototoxic substances; support their replacement or new technical measures to reduce exposure; make these substances a part of regular screening, develop tools that can early diagnose chemically induced hearing impairment, and investigate further into the ototoxic properties of these substances. Further research should focus on quantifying the combined effects of ototoxic substances and noise.
Worker Protection During Mercury Electrolysis Cell Plant Decommissioning
Authors: Besson Jean-Claude , Augarde Estelle , Nasterlack Michael 
Published: June 2012

Worker Protection During Mercury Electrolysis Cell Plant DecommissioningThis article brings information on how to protect worker health during the decommissioning of mercury-based electrolysis facilities. It relies on the Euro Chlor document "Health 2, Code of practice, Control of worker exposure to mercury in the chlor-alkali industry" that provides protection guidelines for both normal production and decommissioning activities, and on hands-on experience gained during chlor-alkali plant decommissioning operations.Decommissioning and dismantling of mercury-containing chlorine production plants presents challenges to industrial hygiene and health protection that are usually not present during normal operations. These involve meticulous training and enforcement of the appropriate use of personal protective equipment to prevent excessive mercury exposure.The best practice guidelines and recommendations available from Euro Chlor can help employers and occupational physicians to manage these challenges, as they provide state-of-the-art procedures. Our experience is that rigorous implementation of these procedures and worker training ensured acceptable hygiene at the workplace and prevented mercury-related adverse health effects.
Respiratory Symptoms in Fish Processing Workers on the Adriatic Coast of Croatia
Authors: Žuškin Eugenija , Kern Josipa , Mustajbegović Jadranka , Pucarincvetković Jasna , Doko-Jelinić Jagoda , Bradić Tihomir 
Published: June 2012

Respiratory Symptoms in Fish Processing Workers on the Adriatic Coast of CroatiaThis article describes respiratory symptoms and lung function in 98 fish processing female workers employed in a fish processing plant located on the Croatian Adriatic coast and 95 matching controls. The study included chronic and acute respiratory symptoms which developed during the shifts. Lung function measurements included forced vital capacity (FVC), one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and maximal expiratory rates at 50 % and the last 25 % (FEF50, FEF25). Chronic respiratory symptoms were significantly dominant in fish processing workers compared to controls. The most common chronic symptoms were hoarseness (57.1 %), nasal catarrh (51.0 %), chronic cough (42.9 %), chronic phlegm (34.7 %), and frequent chest cold (35.7 %). Exposed smokers and nonsmokers had a similar prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms. Acute symptoms over the work shift were high, with headache in lead (smokers: 62.5 %; nonsmokers: 56.1 %). Most of the ventilatory capacity parameters were significantly lower than predicted, FEF25 in particular, indicating obstructive changes predominantly in the smaller airways. These findings suggest that fish processing workers are prone to developing acute and chronic respiratory symptoms as well as to lung function changes. This calls for medical and technical preventive measures to be introduced in the work environment of the fish processing plant.
Psychosocial Risks in the Workplace: An Increasing Challenge for German and International Health Protection
Authors: Portuné Roland 
Published: June 2012

Psychosocial Risks in the Workplace: An Increasing Challenge for German and International Health ProtectionOccupational health in a changing world has to face up to psychosocial risks to protect the health of employees now and in the future. Faster production, service and communication processes, a service- and knowledge-based society, an increasing proportion of intellectual work, growing complexity of work-related demands, new technologies and constant availability, mobility demands, and job insecurity contribute to the problem of psychosocial risks in the workplace. Psychosocial risks affect both physical and psychosocial health. There is scientific evidence of the link between psychosocial work-related stress and cardiovascular diseases, affective disorders or musculoskeletal disorders, especially chronic back pain.The Framework Directive on Safety and Health makes it very clear that employers are obliged "to ensure the safety and health of workers in every aspect relating to work". In spite of these far reaching obligations, a kind of taboo sometimes makes it hard to focus on topics that have psychosocial implications. A large number of models, instruments and methods are now available to gauge psychosocial risks in the workplace. Given the clear contrast between knowledge and application, there is not a lack of knowledge in this regard, but rather a lack of application.In Germany, statutory accident insurance institutions are guided by two key principles: putting prevention before rehabilitation and rehabilitation before compensation. To prevent work-related health risks the BG RCI has developed several prevention tools to help employers and employees deal with psychosocial risks in the workplace.
Selected methods of measuring workload among intensive care nursing staff
Authors: Kwiecień Katarzyna , Wujtewicz Maria , Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska Wioletta 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntensive care units and well-qualified medical staff are indispensable for the proper functioning of every hospital facility. Due to demographic changes and technological progress having extended the average life expectancy, the number of patients hospitalized in intensive care units increases every year [9,10]. Global shortages of nursing staff (including changes in their age structure) have triggered a debate on the working environment and workload the nursing staff are exposed to while performing their duties. This paper provides a critical review of selected methods for the measurement of the workload of intensive care nurses and points out their practical uses. The paper reviews Polish and foreign literature on workload and the measurement tools used to evaluate workload indicators.
Assessment of the influence of osteopathic myofascial techniques on normalization of the vocal tract functions in patients with occupational dysphonia
Authors: Marszałek Sławomir , Niebudek-Bogusz Ewa , Woźnicka Ewelina , Malińska Joanna , Golusiński Wojciech , Śliwińska-Kowalska Mariola 
Published: June 2012

Abstract