bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of user context aware recommendation engine for mobile using Bayesian network, fuzzy logic and rule base
Authors: Thyagaraju G.S. , Kulkarni U.P. 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose an intelligent service recommendation model. The paper formulates the service adaptation process by using artificial intelligence techniques like Bayesian Network, fuzzy logic and rule based reasoning.Design/methodology/approachThe authors formulate the service adaptation process by using artificial intelligence techniques like Bayesian Network, fuzzy logic and rule based reasoning. Bayesian Network is used to classify the incoming call (high priority call, low priority call and unknown calls), fuzzy linguistic variables and membership degrees to define the context situations, the rules for adopting the policies of implementing a service, fitness degree computation and service recommendation. In addition to this the paper proposes maximum to minimum priority based context attributes matching algorithm for rule selection based on fitness degree of rules. The context aware mobile is tested for library and class room scenario to exemplify the proposed service recommendation engine and demonstrate its effectiveness.FindingsFirst, it was found that there was reduction in application searching time in different contexts. For example, if user enters into the library, the proposed mobile will be adapted to the library situation automatically by configuring its desktop and internal settings to facilitate the library services like book search, web link, silent mode and friends search. Second, the design of the recommendation engine, utilizing contextual parameters like Location (class room, college campus, house, etc.) Personal (age, name), Temporal (time, date), Physical (fall, normal), and schedule agendas, was found to be of importance.Originality/valueExploitation of hybrid fuzzy system, Bayesian Networks and the utility theory (usage history and context history) for modeling and implementation.
A survey of distance‐based wireless sensor network localization techniques
Authors: Stone Kerri , Camp Tracy 
Published: June 2012

PurposeLocalization is a fundamental problem in wireless sensor networks. In many applications, sensor location information is critical for data processing and meaning. While the global positioning system (GPS) can be used to determine mote locations with meter precision, the high hardware cost and energy requirements of GPS receivers often prohibit the ubiquitous use of GPS for location estimates. This high cost (in terms of hardware price and energy consumption) of GPS has motivated researchers to develop localization protocols that determine mote locations based on cheap hardware and localization algorithms. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of wireless sensor network localization techniques, and provide a detailed overview for several distance‐based localization algorithms.Design/methodology/approachTo provide a detailed summary of wireless sensor network localization algorithms, the authors outline a tiered classification system in which they first classify algorithms as distributed, distributed‐centralized, or centralized. From this broad classification, the paper then further categorizes localization algorithms using their protocol techniques. By utilizing this classification system, the authors are able to provide a survey of several wireless sensor network localization algorithms and summarize relative algorithm performance based on the algorithms' classification.FindingsThere are numerous localization algorithms available and the performance of these algorithms is dependent on network configuration, environmental variables, and the ranging method implemented. When selecting a localization algorithm, it is important to understand basic algorithm operation and expected performance. This tier‐based algorithm classification system can be used to gain a high‐level understanding of algorithm performance and energy consumption based on known algorithm characteristics.Originality/valueLocalization is a widely researched field and given the quantity of localization algorithms that currently exist, it is impossible to present a complete review of every published algorithm. Instead, the paper presents a holistic view of the current state of localization research and a detailed review of ten representative distance‐based algorithms that have diverse characteristics and methods. This review presents a new classification structure that may help researchers understand, at a high‐level, the expected performance and energy consumption of algorithms not explicitly addressed by our work.
A context management framework for context‐aware applications in mobile spaces
Authors: Chen Penghe , Sen Shubhabrata , Keng Pung Hung , Xue Wenwei , Choong Wong Wai 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe rapid proliferation of mobile context aware applications has resulted in an increased research interest towards developing specialized context data management strategies for mobile entities. The purpose of this paper is to aim to develop a new way to model mobile entities and manage their contexts accordingly.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes the concept of “Mobile Space” to model mobile entities and presents strategies to manage the various contexts associated therein. To handle availability related issues, two system services are designed: the “Availability Updating Service” which is an identifier based mechanism and is designed to keep track of mobile objects and handle availability related issues, and the “Application Callback Service” which is a publish/subscribe based mechanism to handle application disruptions and interruptions arising due to mobility.FindingsThe paper presents a detailed study of the proposed framework and a description of the underlying services and the components therein to validate the framework. Experimental results carried out in WiFi and 3G environments indicate that the proposed techniques can support mobile applications and minimize application disruptions with minimal overhead.Originality/valueThe proposed context management framework is generic in nature and is not designed for a specific class of applications. Any mobile context aware application can leverage on the framework and utilize the provided functionalities to manage application disruptions. Also, the decoupling of mobile application layer and the underlying context data management layer renders context data management layer transparent to the application design.
Concentrated short‐selling activity: bear raids or contrarian trading?
Authors: Blau Benjamin , Brough Tyler J. 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate what is denoted as episodes of concentrated short‐selling activity, or consecutive days of abnormal short‐sale activity in a particular stock. The motivation to do so is two fold. First, US regulators and regulators in other countries have restricted short selling in order to protect the integrity of markets. Second, there is some conflicting academic research determining whether short sellers are manipulative in nature.Design/methodology/approachAfter defining these episodes by concentrated short selling, the paper examines returns before and after to determine whether these episodes target struggling stocks and whether these episodes predict negative returns.FindingsContrary to the argument that episodes of concentrated shorting activity target struggling stocks, it is found that these episodes follow periods of positive returns. Further, it is found that abnormal volatility and high trading volume also predict the occurrence of these episodes. These results suggest that concentrated shorting occurs in stocks that are increasing in price during periods of heterogeneity among investors expectations (Berkman et al.). It is also found that short sellers during bear raids are able to predict when prices reverse as returns become negative the day after the last day of the raid. Combined, the results suggest that bear raids by short sellers are important for the efficiency of markets.Originality/valueThe results from this study have important regulatory implications as well as implications regarding the informational efficiency of stock prices.
The anatomy of short sales and price adjustment: evidence from the Hong Kong stock market
Authors: Xiaobei Chen Crystal 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between excess returns and short sale activities under unexpected informed and uninformed short sales. It is found that in general, the unexpected informed short sale is a bearish signal and has a negative effect on excess returns, while the unexpected uninformed short sale is a bullish signal and has a positive effect on excess returns. It is also found that short sales of large‐cap and frequently traded stocks are more likely to be uninformed, whereas short sales of small‐cap and infrequently traded stocks are more likely to be informed.Design/methodology/approachFollowing Conrad's method, the paper differentiates between two short‐sale scenarios: the expected and the unexpected short sales. For the unexpected short sales, the author further differentiates between informed and uninformed short sales. The paper then anatomizes the process into three periods to study the whole process.FindingsThe results indicate that in general, the unexpected informed short sale is a bearish signal and has a negative effect on excess returns, while the unexpected uninformed short sale is a bullish signal and has a positive effect on excess returns. The paper also examines the stock characteristics under each scenario and finds that short sales of large‐cap stocks and frequently traded stocks are more likely to be uninformed, while short sales of small‐cap and low frequency stocks are more likely to be informed.Originality/valueIn contrast to Conrad, the paper uses daily short interest and trading data instead of bimonthly short interest data. This is the first contribution of this study. As Diether et al. have stated, it is important to study short‐selling activity at a higher frequency. Although Conrad focused on the price reaction prior to the short interest announcement day, this paper investigates the price reaction both prior to and following the short interest announcement day. This is the second contribution of this study. The third contribution of the paper involves anatomizing the short‐sale process into three periods and investigating the price movement.
Short sales in the NYSE batch open and NASDAQ opening cross
Authors: Paul Spurlin W. , Van Ness Bonnie F. , Van Ness Robert 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study short sales trading as part of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) batch open and National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) opening cross. The paper examines whether short transactions at the open can predict future returns.Design/methodology/approachThe study tests to see if short transactions in the NYSE opening batch trade and NASDAQ opening cross are informative of future returns.FindingsIt is found that a stock's opening‐trade short volume is predictive of its short volume for the rest of trading day, positively related to its previous‐day price change, and positively related to its overnight price change at the opening trade on option‐expiration Fridays when the stock is part of the Standard and Poor (S and P) 500 index.Originality/valueWhile previous research shows that intraday short sale trades are informative, this is the first paper to examine the opening trade of the day, and whether these short sales are informative.
Dynamic short‐sale constraints, price limits, and price dynamics
Authors: Lin Tse‐Chun 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to take advantage of a natural experiment in Taiwan to test the effect of short‐sales constraints on price dynamics.Design/methodology/approachSince September 1998, short‐selling is banned at a price below the close price of the previous trading day. The new rule creates unique daily dynamics of short‐sales constraints. The paper employs a difference‐in‐difference method to evaluate whether the short‐sales constraint rule plays an important role in the price dynamics.FindingsThe results show that stock prices react to information in a way similar to if short‐selling was not banned. This is in line with the implication of a rational expectation framework like Diamond and Verrecchia.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper has implications on the short selling bans in the 2008/2009 credit crisis and the European debt crisis because the bans are public information as those in this setting. The rational agents in the market could incorporate the bans into price beliefs which could lead to the ineffectiveness of the policy. The short‐sales constraints may be widely imposed in the crisis but they are not the effective tools to alleviate downward price pressures.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that the effort of the government to boost stock price by imposing short sales constraints will not be effective if rational investors take the constraints into account while forming their beliefs.Originality/valueUnlike existing short‐sales constraint proxies like short interest or lending fees, the dynamic constraints do not suffer from endogeneity. Moreover, the constraints are public information and thus ideal for testing the rational expectation models, in which investors have to be aware of the level of the constraints.
Religion, spirituality and entrepreneurship
Authors: Nwankwo Sonny , Gbadamosi Ayantunji , Ojo Sanya 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the intricate interconnection between religion, spirituality and pursuits of economic opportunities among ethnic entrepreneurs, using British Africans as a frame. Against the backcloth of institutional constraints confronting ethnic minorities, the paper investigates how African immigrants in the UK utilise ethnic‐based religious resources in the enactment of entrepreneurship. It focuses on the intersection between religion, spirituality, and entrepreneurship for the purpose of providing “below the surface” understandings of African entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachRooted in the context of discovery rather than verification, the research approach involved the use of a focus group as an “entry point” in the collection of field data. This was followed up with one‐to‐one interviews so that key issues were then probed deeper whilst simultaneously allowing considerable scope to idiosyncratically explore particular meanings with research participants. The sample was drawn from British Africans in London.FindingsAfrican Pentecostal churches have become a significant force in nurturing business start‐ups and encouraging entrepreneurship among the population group. Social capital generated within the religious organizations has a catalytic effect on entrepreneurial propensities.Research limitations/implicationsThe boundaries between enterprise and religion can be delicately thin and confusing, with wide‐ranging implications for policy interventions. For the entrepreneurs, reconciling religious orientation with the imperatives of entrepreneurship can be hugely problematic and this presents an opportunity in terms of support needs.Originality/valueEthnic‐based religious spaces have become a fecund ground for stimulating a brand of religion‐based ethnic entrepreneurship. This hybrid entrepreneurship is unique and offers a novel platform for constructing new understandings of ethnic entrepreneurship.
Influences on diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders among minority ethnic people in the UK
Authors: Chowbey Punita , Salway Sarah , Ismail Mubarak 
Published: June 2012

PurposeEvidence, though limited, suggests that UK minority ethnic individuals have lower referral rates for eating disorders than their White British counterparts. Missed or delayed diagnosis may be an important contributory factor. This paper seeks to identify key areas that require attention for early detection and treatment of eating disorders in minority ethnic people.Design/methodology/approachThe approach taken was a community‐based qualitative study in Sheffield, England: interviews with relatives of people with eating disorders (n=3); key informant interviews (n=15); group discussions with community members aged 18‐24 (n=4, 24 participants).FindingsSeveral factors appear to influence the recognition of, and response to, eating disorders among minority ethnic people with potential implications for timely diagnosis and treatment. Low public awareness was an important barrier to seeking medical attention. Norms and ideals relating to food and body image, as well as some religious practices, can also discourage prompt recognition of illness, though there is much diversity within and between families and communities. Some service providers can be slow to consider the possibility of eating disorders among minority ethnic individuals, while others lack confidence to deal with the needs of minority ethnic people. Poor past experiences with services also undermine people's willingness to engage with services.Originality/valueThe paper provides insights into socio‐cultural influences on the experiences of people living with eating disorders that require greater attention by services. Healthcare practitioners need enhanced awareness that eating disorders do affect minority ethnic people and greater confidence to engage with these patients to gain the information needed for prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.
Communicating with older people about positive mental health
Authors: Pettigrew Simone , Donovan Robert J. , Pescud Melanie , Newton Robert , Boldy Duncan 
Published: June 2012

PurposeIn response to a call for greater attention to the mental health promotion needs of older people, this study aims to identify those aspects of mental health messages that may be particularly effective with older audiences.Design/methodology/approachIndividual interviews and focus groups were conducted with 111 Australians aged 40 years and older.FindingsA low level of knowledge relating to mental health issues and the confounding of mental health with mental illness resulted in participants stating a preference for health experts, government officials, and high‐profile and “everyday” individuals who have successfully recovered from mental illness as spokespeople for mental health messages. A common theme was that spokespersons should have evident and extensive knowledge of .mental illness, either through qualifications, occupation, or personal experience.Originality/valueThe findings demonstrate the highly negative connotations surrounding mental illness and the lack of familiarity with the concept of positive mental health. There is much scope to educate the public about the importance of staying mentally healthy and how this outcome may be achieved.
Inclusive dialogue: the way forward in anti‐stigma mental health education?
Authors: Lindley Emma 
Published: June 2012

PurposeChallenging the stigma of mental illness is a major public health concern. School‐based anti‐stigma education is in its infancy. Little attention has been given to the pedagogical structure of such education, and evidence shows some initiatives have been unsuccessful, or worse, increased stigma. This paper seeks to examine the impact of a novel approach to anti‐stigma education, which aims to overcome these problems, “inclusive dialogue”. It encourages young people to grapple with the complexities of mental illness, with emphasis on personal narratives rather than abstract concepts.Design/methodology/approachA small group of year 10 pupils participated in a series of inclusive dialogue sessions. Qualitative interviews with participants were conducted and their responses along with their contributions during the sessions were analysed.FindingsParticipants reported that taking part enhanced their confidence in talking about mental illness, increased their understanding and capacity for empathy towards others with mental health problems. They felt the understanding they gained was relevant to their lives and an important educational experience which they would carry forward into their adult lives.Originality/valueInclusive dialogue is a novel approach to education about mental illness which has been evaluated using innovative qualitative methods. It shows promise and requires further investigation.
Addressing the challenges of leading children's services in England: leadership in a changing environment
Authors: Purcell Martin E. , Christian Margaret , Frost Nick 
Published: June 2012

PurposeFollowing the passage of the Children Act, 2004, the leadership of children's services in England has been unified through the appointment of Directors of Children's Services. The role is demanding as it requires leading a range of services in each local authority, which are often subject to a high degree of public and political scrutiny. The change of government in May 2010 shifted the nature of these challenges by reforming the guidance to local authorities and by placing restrictions on local authority expenditure. This paper aims to explore the skills required by leaders in this complex and changing environment.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on the findings of a scoping study conducted for the National College for Leadership of Schools and Children's Services and describes and analyses the skills and capabilities required by leaders of children's services in England.FindingsThe paper offers a view of what might constitute “effective” leadership, and the skills needed to meet the requirements of improving the lives of children and young people.Originality/valueThe paper offers an analysis of the way in which interventions to enhance leadership in this area might contribute to better outcomes for children and young people in the future in an era of significant change following the formation of the UK Coalition government in May 2010.
Are the people who take part in randomised controlled trials real? A response to Stewart‐Brown et al.
Authors: Forrester Donald 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThis paper's aim is to explore the uses and limitations of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for evaluating complex interventions, with a particular focus on sample recruitment and retention issues.Design/methodology/approachThis is an invited critique of a previous paper.FindingsRCTs have many limitations. It is particularly important to consider issues relating to the sample they recruit and retain. Nonetheless, they remain a uniquely powerful way to exclude other potential explanations for outcomes and therefore provide robust evidence for the effectiveness of specific interventions.Originality/valueIt is hoped that vigorous debate may contribute to a deepened understanding of the nature, limitations and potential contribution of RCTs to understanding the impact of different ways of helping people.