bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Approach for the Characterization of Mucin‐Type Glycopeptides: The Effect of O‐Glycosylation on the Conformation of Synthetic Mucin Peptides
Authors: Hashimoto Ryo , Fujitani Naoki , Takegawa Yasuhiro , Kurogochi Masaki , Matsushita Takahiko , Naruchi Kentaro , Ohyabu Naoki , Hinou Hiroshi , Gao Xiao Dong , Manri Naomi , Satake Hiroyuki , Kaneko Akihito , Sakamoto Takeshi , Nishimura Shin‐Ichiro 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDespite the growing importance of mucin core O‐glycosylation in many biological processes including the protection of epithelial cell surfaces, the immune response, cell adhesion, inflammation, and tumorigenesis/metastasis, the regulation mechanism and conformational significance of the multiple introduction of α‐GalNAc residues by UDP‐GalNAc:polypeptide N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (ppGalNAcTs) remains unclear. Here we report an efficient approach by combining MS and NMR spectroscopy that allows for the identification of O‐glycosylation site(s) and the effect of O‐glycosylation on the peptide backbone structures during enzymatic mucin domain assembly by using an isoform UDP‐GalNAc:polypeptide N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase‐T2 (ppGalNAcT2) in vitro. An electron‐capture dissociation device in a linear radio‐frequency quadrupole ion trap (RFQ‐ECD) combined with a time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectrometer was employed for the identification of Thr/Ser residues occupied by α‐GalNAc branching among multiple and potential O‐glycosylation sites in the tandem repeats of human mucin glycoproteins MUC4 (Thr‐Ser‐Ser‐Ala‐Ser‐Thr‐Gly‐His‐Ala‐Thr‐Pro‐Leu‐Pro‐Val‐Thr‐Asp) and MUC5AC (Pro‐Thr‐Thr‐Val‐Gly‐Ser‐Thr‐Thr‐Val‐Gly). In the present study, O‐glycosylation was initiated specifically at Thr10 in naked MUC4 peptide and additional introduction of α‐GalNAc proceeded preferentially but randomly at three other Thr residues to afford densely glycosylated MUC4 containing six α‐GalNAc residues at Thr1, Ser2, Ser5, Thr6, Thr10, and Thr15. On the contrary, O‐glycosylation of naked MUC5AC peptide occurred predominantly at consecutive Thr residues and led to MUC5AC with four α‐GalNAc residues at Thr2, Thr3, Thr7, and Thr8. The solution structures determined by NMR spectroscopic studies elicited that the preferential introduction of α‐GalNAc at Thr10 of MUC4 stabilizes specifically a β‐like extended backbone structure at this area, whereas other synthetic models with a single α‐GalNAc residue at Thr1, Thr6, or Thr15 did not exhibit any converged three‐dimensional structure at the proximal peptide moiety. Such conformational impact on the underlying peptides was proved to be remarkable in the glycosylation at the consecutive Thr residues of MUC5AC.
Starburst Triarylamine Donor–Acceptor–Donor Quadrupolar Derivatives Based on Cyano‐Substituted Diphenylaminestyrylbenzene: Tunable Aggregation‐Induced Emission Colors and Large Two‐Photon Absorption Cross Sections
Authors: Wang Bing , Wang Yaochuan , Hua Jianli , Jiang Yihua , Huang Jinhai , Qian Shixiong , Tian He 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this work, we have developed a new class of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) active compounds, in which three electron‐donating diphenylamine, phenothiazine, or carbazole groups are connected to the 1, 4‐positions of the benzene through bis(α‐cyano‐4‐diphenylaminostyryl) conjugation bridges to form three triarylamine quadrupolar derivatives (3 a–c). Their one‐ and two‐photon absorption properties have been investigated. The two‐photon absorption (2PA) cross sections measured by the open‐aperture Z‐scan technique were determined to be 1016, 1484, and 814 GM for 3 a–c, respectively. From this result, the high 2PA properties of these molecules are attributed to the extended π system and enhanced intramolecular charge transfer from the starburst triarylamine to the cyano group. Moreover, cyano‐substituted diphenylamine styrylbenzene (CNDPASB)‐based compounds are very weakly fluorescent in THF, but their intensities increase by almost 230, 70, and 5 times, respectively, in water/THF (v/v 90 %) mixtures, in which they exhibit strongly enhanced red, orange, and deep yellow fluorescence emissions, respectively. This result indicates that the intramolecular vibration and rotation of these dyes is considerably restricted in nano‐aggregates formed in water, leading to significant increases in fluorescence. It was found that the color tuning of the CNDPASB‐based compounds could be conveniently accomplished by changing the starburst triarylamine donor moiety. Multilayer electroluminescence devices with TPBI (2,2′,2′′‐(benzene‐1,3,5‐triyl)‐tri(1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzimidazole)) electron‐transporting layers have been made, with 3 a and 3 c as a non‐doping red–yellow emitter. The preliminary results for these multilayer devices show a maximum efficiency of 0.25 %, and electroluminescence (EL) wavelengths around 568 nm. The excellent 2PA and AIE properties of these compounds make them potential materials for biophotonic applications.
Neighboring Lithium‐Assisted [1,2]‐Wittig Rearrangement: Practical Access to Diarylmethanol‐Based 1,4‐Diols and Optically Active BINOL Derivatives with Axial and sp3‐Central Chirality
Authors: Gao Guang , Gu Feng‐Lei , Jiang Jian‐Xiong , Jiang Kezhi , Sheng Chun‐Qi , Lai Guo‐Qiao , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA facile and practical methodology for the synthesis of synthetically useful diarylmethanol‐based 1,4‐diols and enantiomerically pure BINOL‐derived diols with axial and sp3‐central chirality has been developed through neighboring lithium‐promoted [1,2]‐Wittig rearrangement. The chirality transfer process shows a broad substrate scope in terms of the aromatic ether substituent, which allows access to a broad of range of chiral 1,1′‐binaphthalene‐2‐α‐arylmethanol‐2′‐ols with excellent enantioselectivities (>99 % enantiomeric excess) and yields (84–96 %). This should be considered as an available and attractive chiral source to design and prepare privileged ligands or catalysts.
One‐Pot Selective Syntheses of 5‐Azaindoles through Zirconocene‐Mediated Multicomponent Reactions with Three Different Nitrile Components and One Alkyne Component
Authors: Zhang Shaoguang , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Zhao Jing , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: January 2011

Abstract5‐Azaindoles either with three different substituents at their 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐positions or with two identical substituents at their 2‐ and 6‐positions and a different one at the 4‐position, were obtained in good to excellent isolated yields by a zirconocene‐mediated multicomponent process. Each reaction involved four organic partners, comprising a Si‐tethered diyne, one tBuCN component, and two (either different or identical) nitriles. All these four components were combined through the action of a Cp2ZrII species into a three‐ring fused Zr/Si‐containing organometallic complex in a perfectly chemo‐ and regioselective manner. This multicomponent reaction process consisted of three reaction steps, all of which were made clear through the isolation and characterization of their corresponding organometallic intermediates: the zirconacyclopropene‐azasilacyclopentadienes 2, the allenyl‐aza‐zirconacycles 3, and the three‐ring fused complexes 6. X‐ray single‐crystal structural analyses of two three‐ring fused Zr/Si‐containing intermediates and two 5‐azaindoles unambiguously showed the positions of the different substituents and the regioselectivity. Iminopyrrole derivatives could be also highly selectively prepared from a Si‐tethered diyne and two different nitriles.
The safety and efficacy of high‐dose proton beam radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase 2 prospective trial
Authors: Bush David A. , Kayali Zeid , Grove Roger , Slater Jerry D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Proton beam therapy (PBT) may provide useful local‐regional treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PBT for HCC.METHODS:Patients with cirrhosis who had radiological features or biopsy‐proven HCC were included in the study. Patients without cirrhosis and patients with extrahepatic metastasis were excluded. The mean age was 62.7 years. The mean tumor size was 5.5 cm. Eleven patients had multiple tumors, and 46% were within the Milan criteria. Patients received 63 Gy delivered over a 3‐week period with PBT.RESULTS:Seventy‐six patients were treated and followed prospectively for treatment outcomes at Loma Linda University Medical Center. Acute toxicity was minimal; all patients completed the full course of treatment. Radiation‐induced liver disease was evaluated using liver enzyme, bilirubin, and albumin levels; no significant change supervened 6 months posttreatment. Median progression‐free survival for the entire group was 36 months, with a 60% 3‐year progression‐free survival rate for patients within the Milan criteria. Eighteen patients subsequently underwent liver transplantation; 6 (33%) explants showed pathological complete response and 7 (39%) showed only microscopic residual.CONCLUSIONS:PBT was found to be a safe and effective local‐regional therapy for inoperable HCC. A randomized controlled trial to compare its efficacy to a standard therapy has been initiated. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Early findings on toxicity of proton beam therapy with concurrent chemotherapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Sejpal Samir , Komaki Ritsuko , Tsao Anne , Chang Joe Y. , Liao Zhongxing , Wei Xiong , Allen Pamela K. , Lu Charles , Gillin Michael , Cox James D 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Concurrent chemoradiation therapy, the standard of care for locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), can cause life‐threatening pneumonitis and esophagitis. X‐ray (photon)‐based radiation therapy (RT) often cannot be given at tumoricidal doses without toxicity to proximal normal tissues. We hypothesized that proton beam therapy for most patients with NSCLC could permit higher tumor doses with less normal‐tissue toxicity than photon RT delivered as 3‐dimensional conformal RT (3D‐CRT) or intensity‐modulated RT (IMRT).METHODS:We compared the toxicity of proton therapy+concurrent chemotherapy in 62 patients with NSCLC (treatment period 2006‐2008) with toxicity for patients with similar disease given 3D‐CRT+chemotherapy (n = 74; treatment period 2001‐2003) or IMRT+chemotherapy (n = 66; treatment period 2003‐2005). Proton therapy to the gross tumor volume was given with weekly intravenous paclitaxel (50 mg/m2) and carboplatin (area under the curve 2 mg/mL/min). The primary endpoint was toxicity (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0).RESULTS:Median follow‐up times were 15.2 months (proton), 17.9 months (3D‐CRT), and 17.4 months (IMRT). Median total radiation dose was 74 Gy(RBE) for the proton group versus 63 Gy for the other groups. Rates of severe (grade ≥3) pneumonitis and esophagitis in the proton group (2% and 5%) were lower despite the higher radiation dose (3D‐CRT, 30% and 18%; IMRT, 9% and 44%; P<.001 for all).CONCLUSIONS:We found that higher doses of proton radiation could be delivered to lung tumors with a lower risk of esophagitis and pneumonitis. A randomized comparison of IMRT versus proton therapy is underway. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Local control comparison of adjuvant brachytherapy to intensity‐modulated radiotherapy in primary high‐grade sarcoma of the extremity
Authors: Alektiar Kaled M. , Brennan Murray F. , Singer Samuel 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Based on results of a prospective randomized trial, brachytherapy (BRT) had been the preferred form of adjuvant radiotherapy for patients with high‐grade extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS) at our institution. In recent years, intensity‐modulated radiotherapy IMRT had been increasingly used. This study compared local control by IMRT versus by BRT in primary‐extremity STS.METHODS:Between January 1995 and December 2006, 134 adult patients with high‐grade primary nonmetastatic STS of the extremity were treated at this institution with limb‐sparing surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). Low‐dose‐rate BRT was given to 71 patients between January 1995 and November 2003 to a median dose of 45 Gray (Gy). IMRT was given between February 2002 and December 2006: preoperatively to 10 (50 Gy) and postoperatively to 53 (median, 63 Gy). Median follow‐up was 46 months.RESULTS:Treatment groups were comparable in terms of gender, age, site, depth, histology (malignant fibrous histiocytoma vs other), and use of adjuvant chemotherapy. More IMRT patients had positive/close margins (<1 mm), large tumors (>10 cm), and bone or nerve stripping/resection (P= 0.006, 0.005, 0.02, and 0.002, respectively). Median follow‐up was 46 months for IMRT and 47 months for BRT. Five‐year local control was 92% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85‐100) for IMRT versus 81% (95% CI, 71‐90) for BRT,P= 0.04. On multivariate analysis, IMRT was the only predictor of improved local control,P= 0.04.CONCLUSIONS:Local control with IMRT was significantly better than BRT despite higher rates of adverse features for IMRT in this nonrandomized comparison. IMRT should be further examined as the treatment of choice for primary high‐grade extremity sarcoma. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Diagnosis and management of dysplasia and cancer of the ileal pouch in patients with underlying inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Liu Zhao‐xiu , Kiran Ravi P. , Bennett Ana E. , Ni Run‐zhou , Shen Bo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractApproximately 30% of the patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) would ultimately require colectomy for medically refractory UC or UC‐associated neoplasia. Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis has become the surgical treatment of choice for these patients. However, this procedure does not completely abolish the risk for neoplasia of the pouch. The main risk factor for pouch neoplasia is a preoperative diagnosis of UC‐associated dysplasia or cancer. Although the natural history and prognosis of pouch dysplasia are not clear, mortality associated with pouch cancer, once diagnosed, appears to be high. Conversely, not all pouch neoplasia follows the chronic inflammation‐dysplasia‐cancer sequence, which makes pouch endoscopy with biopsy, the current gold standard for surveillance, challenging. In addition, the findings that pouch neoplasia is not common and that pouch endoscopy still misses dysplasia lead to controversy on the need and time interval of routine endoscopic surveillance. However, based on reports in the literature and their own experience, the authors recommend surveillance endoscopy to be performed in patients at risk, such as those with a precolectomy diagnosis of UC‐associated neoplasia. This review appraises issues in the prevalence and incidence, risk factors, technical aspects of pouch construction, clinical and pathological features, natural history, surveillance examination, diagnosis, and management of pouch neoplasia. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Rhabdomyosarcoma in infants younger than 1 year
Authors: Malempati Suman , Rodeberg David A. , Donaldson Sarah S. , Lyden Elizabeth R. , Anderson James R. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Arndt Carola A. S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft‐tissue sarcoma in children, occurs less commonly in infants. Historically, poorer outcomes have been reported for infants diagnosed with RMS than for older children.METHODS:The authors analyzed the characteristics, treatment administered, outcomes, and patterns of failure for infants aged < 1 year with nonmetastatic RMS who received multimodal therapy on Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) protocols IRS‐IV, D9602, and D9803.RESULTS:Seventy‐six infants with nonmetastatic RMS were treated on the 3 protocols from 1991 to 2005. Their median age was 7.4 months (range, 0.1‐12 months). Tumor histology included embryonal (57%), alveolar (21%), and undifferentiated sarcoma/other (22%). A parameningeal primary tumor site was less common in this infant cohort (3%) than in all patients who were treated on IRS‐IV (25%). The estimated 5‐year failure‐free survival and overall survival rates (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 57% (95% CI, 44%‐67%) and 76% (95% CI, 65%‐85%), respectively, for infants compared with 81% (95% CI, 79%‐83%) and 87% (95% CI, 85%‐89%), respectively, for children ages 1 to 9 years. Twenty‐three of 32 infants with treatment failure had local recurrence/progression with distant failure (n = 3) or without distant failure (n = 20). The overall local failure rate was 30%. The median time to treatment failure was 13 months. The failure‐free survival rate was worse for infants who had IRS Group III tumors and for those who received less than protocol‐recommended radiation therapy.CONCLUSIONS:Infants with RMS appeared to have worse outcomes than older patients, in part because of high rates of local failure. The authors concluded that concerns regarding morbidity in infants and reluctance to use aggressive local control measures may lead to higher rates of local failure. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A novel exon 15‐deleted, splicing variant of Slit2 shows potential for growth inhibition in addition to invasion inhibition in lung cancer
Authors: Lin Yu‐Ying , Yang Chun‐Hung , Sheu Gwo‐Tarng , Huang Chi‐Ying F. , Wu Yu‐Chung , Chuang Shu‐Ming , Fann Ming‐Ji , Chang Han , Lee Huei , Chang Jinghua Tsai 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The axon guidance cue molecule Slit2 has been shown to suppress cancer cell invasion. However, the role of Slit2 in growth inhibition is still controversial. The authors identified a novel exon 15 (AKEQYFIP)‐deleted slit2, located at the end of the second leucine‐rich repeat (LRR2). Because LRR2 interacts with Robo1 receptor to inhibit invasion, they hypothesized that exon 15 plays an important role in modulating Slit2 function.METHODS:Slit2 expression was assessed via microarray analysis in 27 lung adenocarcinomas. Exon 15‐deleted slit2 (slit2‐ΔE15) and exon 15‐containing slit2 (slit2‐WT) were cloned and expressed in the CL1‐5 lung cancer cell line. The effect of exon 15 on Slit2‐mediated cell growth was evaluated by a xenografted model and in vitro cell growth assays. The effect of exon 15 on Slit2‐mediated invasion was analyzed with a modified Boyden chamber in vitro.RESULTS:Tumor growth from CL1‐5/Slit2‐WT cells was comparable to that from CL1‐5 cells bearing empty vector. However, tumor size from CL1‐5/Slit2‐ΔE15 cells was much smaller than that from Slit2‐WT cells or vector control cells in the xenografted model. In vitro analyses demonstrated that Slit2‐WT inhibits invasion of CL1‐5 cells. In addition to inhibiting invasion, Slit2‐ΔE15 greatly suppresses cell growth.CONCLUSIONS:The data demonstrated that exon 15 modulates Slit2 function in growth inhibition of lung cancer cells. Because slit2‐ΔE15 splice variant is present in low invasive cancer cells and nontumor lung tissues, loss of this splice variant is an important event in tumor progression and invasion. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Independent and tissue‐specific prognostic impact of miR‐126 in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Donnem Tom , Lonvik Kenneth , Eklo Katrine , Berg Thomas , Sorbye Sveinung W. , Al‐Shibli Khalid , Al‐Saad Samer , Andersen Sigve , Stenvold Helge , Bremnes Roy M. , Busund Lill‐Tove 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Angiogenesis is pivotal in tumor development. Vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) is considered one of the most important angiogenic factors, but lately several microRNAs (miRs) have been associated with vascular development. miR‐126 has been related to tumor angiogenesis and in the regulation of VEGF‐A. The authors aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of miR‐126 and its co‐expression with VEGF‐A in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.METHODS:Tumor tissue samples from 335 resected stage I to IIIA NSCLC patients were obtained and tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed with 4 cores from each tumor specimen. VEGF‐A expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization was used to evaluate the expression of miR‐126.RESULTS:In the total material, miR‐126 was a significant negative prognostic factor in both univariate (P = .005) and multivariate analyses (hazard ratio [HR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2‐2.8, P = .01). Stratified by histology, miR‐126 was only significant in squamous cell carcinomas (univariate: P < .001; multivariate: HR 3.1, CI 95% 1.7‐5.6, P<.001). Stratified by lymph node status, miR‐126 was significant only in the lymph node‐positive subgroup (univariate: P<.001; multivariate: HR 4.1, CI 95% 2.0‐8.4, P < .001). High miR‐126 expression correlated significantly with high VEGF‐A expression (P = .037). The co‐expression of miR‐126 and VEGF‐A had a significant prognostic impact (P = .002), with 5‐year survival rates of 68%, 51%, and 42% for low/low (n = 150), mixed combinations (n = 129), and high/high (n = 35) expression, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:miR‐126 is a strong and independent negative prognostic factor in NSCLC, and its prognostic impact appears related primarily to histology and nodal status. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Temperature quenching of photoluminescence of ordered GaInP2 alloy under different excitation densities
Authors: Prutskij T. , Pelosi C. , Attolini G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe photoluminescence (PL) emission from an epi‐structure containing an atomically ordered GaInP2 layer and a GaAs layer was studied under excitation power densities of 0.03 – 3 W/cm2at temperatures of 10 to 300 K. The quenching of the integrated PL intensity from both: the GaInP2and the GaAs layers is stronger under low excitation, than under high excitation density. The temperature dependence, however, have different shapes being the PL decay observed for the GaInP2 layer stronger than that for the GaAs layer. Comparing the temperature dependence of the PL intensity from the ordered GaInP2 and the GaAs layers under different excitation densities and analyzing them together, we conclude that the inhomogeneity of the ordered layer is responsible for the different temperature behavior of the GaInP2 alloy PL emission. To explain the experimentally observed PL intensity temperature dependence an additional nonradiative recombination mechanism due to a thermally activated escape of the carriers from its confinement within regions of lower bandgap has to be taken into account. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Harmonic balance‐based control of a boost DC/AC converter
Authors: Olm Josep M. , Biel Domingo , Spinetti‐Rivera Mario , Fossas Enric 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThe achievement of step‐up inversion with a boost DC/AC converter requires appropriate periodic references for inductor currents, which have to satisfy ordinary differential equations (ODE) of the Abel type. These are equations with highly unstable solutions for which the existence of periodic solutions remains unproved. Hence, the studies reported so far in this subject obtain periodic output voltages that approximately track the expected profile using different periodic current references that do not exactly satisfy the Abel ODE. However, neither an explanation of why are periodic output voltages still obtained, nor an assessment of the output voltage error is provided. This paper analyzes the effect of using periodic current references in a Lyapunov‐based controlled boost DC/AC converter performing step‐up inversion tasks. It is shown that, for sufficiently accurate current references, the system exhibits asymptotically stable periodic solutions with bounded error. Moreover, the paper propounds the use of Harmonic Balance (HB)‐based techniques to obtain such current references. Simulation and experimental results confirm that this choice yields periodic output voltages with an error that may be lowered using higher HB approximations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.