bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibromyalgia: Relationship Between Pain and Mood
Authors: Barreiro A. , Arroita A. , Ugarte K. , Arnaiz A. , Sarasola A. , Zallo E. , Agote J. Perez , Gandarias A.A. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Fibromyalgia is an entity with idiopathic etiology affecting 2-4% of population. It is a frequent cause of disability, its most usual symptoms being diffuse pain and fatigue. There is evidence that alterations in several chemical and hormonal factors could explain changes in pain perception mechanisms, accounting for some of the symptoms. However, the high incidence of comorbid psychiatric disorders tends to indicate there is an associated psychopathology in fibromyalgia patients, especially regarding affectivity. Some authors believe fibromyalgia could be considered an evolution of the concept of neurasthenia already defined by Beard in 1860.Materials and methods:Comprehensive review of the scientific literature (Medline, Psychoinfo, Medex) on fibromyalgia and pain mechanisms published over the last three years.Results:Mood regulation has been linked to pain perception through neurotransmitters and brain structures. Also, several studies state that depression changes the neuroendocrine, immune and processing regulation of pain.However, some researchers believe there is enough evidence for a psychiatric approach to fibromyalgia, as there is a relationship between depression and fibromyalgia. Thus, fibromyalgia could be considered an affective disorder.Conclusion:Current research does not clearly show whether pain precedes affective alteration or the other way round, or whether mood and pain depend on common mechanisms.
Maintained Attitudinal Changes in Nursing Personnel After a Brief Training on Suicide Prevention
Authors: Botega N. , Silva S. , Reginato D. , Cais C. , Rapeli C. , Mauro M. , Stefanello S. 
Published: March 2009

Aim:To verify whether nursing personnel working at a general hospital change their attitudes after a brief training course on suicide prevention and if these newly acquired attitudes persist over a 6-month time.Method:317 nursing personnel attended a 6-hour training program. They answered anonymously pre- and post-training the Suicide Behavior Attitude Questionnaire (SBAQ) which comprises 21 visual analogue scale items divided in three factorial sub-scales. The scores on each SBAQ sub-scale (dependent variable) were compared along the time using ANOVA for repeated measures with rank transformation. The time of the measurement and characteristics of the nursing staff were considered as independent variables.Results:There have been positive changes in the attitudes and these gains were significantly maintained at the 6-month follow-up evaluation. Improvement was in the Feelings and Professional Capacity factorial subscales (p = 0.0001 and 0.01, respectively). There was no change on the Right to Suicide subscale.Conclusion:It was possible to demonstrate positive changes in the attitudes of nursing personnel as assessed six months after a brief training course on suicide prevention. As attitudes influence the effectiveness of the health care personnel interventions our findings may have important implications for the development of suicide prevention programs.
Validity of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Authors: Bunevicius A. , Kusminskas L. , Bunevicius R. 
Published: March 2009

Depression is prevalent postpartum and is a major health problem. In this study we aimed to evaluate how precise the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is in screening for depressive disorders postpartum. A random sample of 94 pregnant women was interviewed two weeks postpartum using the Composite International Diagnostics Interview Short Form (CIDI - SF) and filled in the EPDS. We evaluated:a.internal consistency of the EPDS by the means of Cronbach's alpha coefficient;b.area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity of the EPDS against the CIDI-SF diagnoses of depressive disorders.The internal consistency of the EPDS was at a level of 0.83. The optimal cutoff score of the EPDS for screening CIDI-SF diagnoses of depressive disorders was found to be 7 and more with area under the ROC curve at a level of 0.83, sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 73%. The EPDS has a good reliability for a screening instrument and has to be used a cutoff score of 7 and more for screening of depressive disorders postpartum.
Resident Burnout: What to do About it?
Authors: Castro L.C. , Pais V. , Cortinas A. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job, and is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism and inefficacy. Resident physicians have intense work demands, limited control and high responsibilities in the workplace, making them more vulnerable to job burnout.Aim:To review studies in the medical literature that address the theme of burnout in residents and discuss relevant resources and interventions for residents with burnout.Methods:MEDLINE and PubMed databases searches for peer-reviewed studies, published between 1990 and 2008, using combinations of the Medline Subject Heading terms professional burnout and internship and residency.Results:The studies report high levels of burnout among residents. The reported residents’ strategies for coping with stress are diverse and include talking with family, significant others or other residents and practicing physical activity. Some studies investigated the role of stress management workshops for residents, reporting decline of emotional exhaustion levels in residents after the workshops.Discussion:The literature on resident burnout is still sparse. The reviewed studies suggest that residents from various specialties, internationally, experience burnout. Understanding resident burnout can be enhanced by more rigorous research, studying different intervention strategies. Burnout prevention and management can contribute to better personal outcomes and ultimately provide better patient care.
Psychiatric Emergency Service use in Coimbra University Hospitals: Results from a 6-Month Cross-Sectional Study Sample
Authors: Cerejeira J. , Firmino H. , Boto I. , Rita H. , Santos G. , Teixeira J. , Vale L. , Abrantes P. , Vaz Serra A. 
Published: March 2009

Aim:The Psychiatric Emergency Service (PES) is an important part of the mental health care system for the management of acute conditions requiring prompt intervention representing also a significant part of workload of specialists and trainees. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical features of patients observed in PES of Coimbra University Hospitals.Method:During the first 6 months of 2008, demographic and clinical data were obtained for all patients observed by the first author of the study, together with a specialist in Psychiatry.Results:The sample consisted of 159 patients, 103 females and 56 males. Mean age was 45,9 ± 18,367 years. The majority of patients presented in the emergency room either alone (56,6%) or with a first degree relative (34,6%) by self-initiative and having a past psychiatric history (71,1%). Disturbing mood symptoms (depression, anxiety or both) were the motive of assessment in 58% of patients but several other causes were reported including behavioural symptoms, agitation, psychosis, drug or alcohol related disorders, sleep and cognitive disorders. Average Clinical Global Impression was 4,12 ± 1,177. After the psychiatric assessment, several diagnosis were made namely Major Depressive Episode (14,5%), Adaptation Disorders (13,9%), Schizophrenia and related disorders (13,8%), Anxiety Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (11,9%) and Drug or Alcohol related disorders (8,2%). Most patients were discharged without referral (50,3%).Conclusion:A significant percentage of patients went to the PES for conditions that could have been treated by a primary care physician or in an outpatient clinic setting.
Depression, Anxiety and Sleep Disorders in Patients with Chronic Rheumatic Pain
Authors: Cerejeira J. , Madeira N. , Miguel C. , Matos M. , Quartilho M.J. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:Chronic pain irrespective of its origin can be a major factor of significant distress inducing high levels of anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance. These symptoms can, by their turn, aggravate the perception of pain. The objective of this study is to characterize mood, anxiety and sleep pattern in patients with chronic rheumatic pain.Methods:Patients observed in the Psychosomatic Consultation of Coimbra University Hospitals from January 2008 with chronic rheumatologic pain were included in the study. They were prospectively assessed (twice in average) by a Psychiatrist for mood, anxiety, sleep, general status and levels of pain with standardized rating scales.Results:Thirty-two female patients were included in the study. Mean age was 51,22±7,37 years. Depression and levels of anxiety both correlated positively with Clinical Global Impression Scale but not with the level of pain reported by the patient. Moreover, although a significant proportion of the patients reported sleep disturbance, especially in the beginning and in the middle of the night, this was not correlated with levels of pain.Conclusions:This study suggests that chronic pain is not a predictor of depression and anxiety and does not fully explain the distress reported by patients with chronic rheumatic disorders. Assessment of other factors such as personality traits, coping styles and maladaptative health behaviours should be part of the routine intervention in these subjects.
Depression, Anxiety and Health Status in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Chylova M. , van Dijk J.P. , Rosenberger J. , Nagyova I. , Gavelova M. , Gdovinova Z. , Groothoff J.W. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of neurological disability in young adults and is frequently accompanied by symptoms of depression and anxiety. The aim of this study was to explore the association of depression and anxiety with health status in younger and older MS patients.Method:223 MS patients (67.3% female; mean age 38.9±10.8 years; mean disease duration 5.8±5.2 years) were divided into younger and older age groups (< 45 and ≥45 years). They completed questionnaires focusing on sociodemographic data, depression and anxiety (HADS), and physical and mental health status (SF-36). Functional disability (EDSS) was assessed by a neurologist. To analyse the data, a U-test and multiple linear regression analyses were performed.Results:A model consisting of age, gender, marital status, EDSS, depression and anxiety explained 46.6% of the variance in physical health status and 60.8% of the variance in mental health status (p≤.001). Depression was a significant predictor of physical health status in older MS patients and was associated with mental health status in both age groups (p≤0.001). Anxiety was related to worse physical and mental health status in younger MS patients, but not in the older ones.Conclusion:Depression in MS patients is associated with mental health status and with physical health status only in the older group; anxiety is associated only in younger MS patients with regard to their health status. Psychiatric diagnostics focusing on depression and anxiety might be important for treatment of MS patients in order to contribute to improving a patient's health status.
The Role of Mother Communication Styles in Treatment of Stuttering in Children
Authors: Berberi F. , Harapi E. , Kabili E. , Gecaj M. , Dyrma A. , Dega Z. , Elezi F. 
Published: March 2009

Stuttering is decribed as a disorder of fluency and characterized by part-word, whole-word and phrase repetitions; interjections; pauses; and prolonged. Studies done about communication patterns of parent and child generally focus on the negative of positive nature of the statements, such as verbal aggression, silents, and interruptions more excessively than the parents of non stutters; and at the same time, parents became a part of the therapy proccesses of stuttering.The communication patterns used between Albanian mothers and her stuttering child and her normally fluent child were investigated. A total of 20 mother-stuttering child pairs and 20 mother-nonstuttering child pairs participated in the preswent study. All mother child pairs were administered a structured game to facilitate spontaneous speech. Comments, questions, critical statement, no response and interruptions were studied as negative statements. Verbal praise and verbal acknowledgments were accepted as a possitive statement.Interaction times and total amount of words were also measured.A significant different was found between both mother and child groups only in the total words used. No significant differences were found for any other communication styles.These findings suggest that the communication behaviour of mother of stuttering children is not different from that of the mothers of nonstutters.
The Social and Psychological Correlates of Happiness in Seventeen European Countries: Analysis of Data from the European Social Survey
Authors: Doherty A. , Kelly B. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Happiness has been associated with a number of individual and societal factors, but much of the individual-to-individual variation in happiness remains unexplained. The purpose of this paper is to examine a broad range of social and psychological correlates of self-rated happiness in Europe.Methods:We used data from the European Social Survey to determine levels of happiness in individuals (n=30,816) from seventeen European countries and to identify associations between happiness and age, gender, family relationships, satisfaction with income, employment status, community trust, satisfaction with health, satisfaction with democracy, religious belief and country of residence.Results:Self-rated happiness varies significantly between European countries, with individuals in Denmark reporting the highest levels of happiness and individuals in Bulgaria reporting the lowest levels. On multi-variable analysis, happiness is positively correlated with younger age, satisfaction with household income, being employed, high community trust and religious belief. Overall, these factors account for 22.5% of the individual-to-individual variation in happiness in Europe.Conclusion:For the individual, this study highlights the strength of association between happiness and the individual's attitudes towards various aspects of their personal, household and societal circumstances. For social policy-makers, this study confirms the potential usefulness of civic measures to increase community trust and social capital. Further studies of the inter-relationships between individual and community-level variables would assist in further explaining the variance in happiness between individuals and countries.
Costs of the Inward Stay of Psychiatric Patients Referred from an International Airport
Authors: Cerezo E. Benítez , Velasco M.F. Pando , Bonafonte A. Regidor , Soriano R. Martínez de Velasco , Ferrando I. Gobernado , Sierra C. Erausquin , Bermudo-Soriano C. Riaza 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Ramón y Cajal Hospital is the reference centre for Madrid-Barajas airport. Passengers at the airport who need medical assistance are brought to this hospital. A percentage of these passengers require psychiatric evaluation and frequently need to stay inward for a certain term.Objective:Calculate the approximate costs derived from the inward stay at the Psychiatry ward of patients referred from Madrid-Barajas airport.Methods:Revise retrospectively clinical histories of inward psychiatric patients referred from Barajas airport in the last 5 years. The Department of Economic management of the hospital has provided the costs of stay at the Psychiatry ward for the year 2007 (395 euros per day). Data is analyzed using the SPSS software 15.0 version.Results:The average stay of these patients is 13.96 days. Then, the average cost is 5514.2 euros. Extrapolating these data to our sample, we notice that being the reference centre for an international airport supposes an estimated cost of 545.905.8 euros (109181.16 per year) due to inward stay of psychiatric patients.Conclusion:The psychiatric attention to the airport population represents an economic extra charge that has an impact on the hospital and the National Health System. We only expose the charge derived from inward stay. To obtain a more realistic overall result we should add the costs of the attention at the emergency room to the result above.
Latency Period Between TBI and the Beginning of Psychosis
Authors: Euba O. , Zallo E. , Torreblanca M. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:Latency period between brain damage and the beginning of the psychotic symptoms is a very controversial remark, when we are trying to sharpen in the etiology of a postraumatic psychosis.Methods:Our work is based on a systemic review of the articles published related to TBI and psychosis.Results and conclusions:The average latency period is between 4 and 5 years, including a wide range of time from days to years.Results may not be very accurate because in some articles any psychotic sympton is included even if there is not a complete psychotic disorder as described in DSM-IV.
Postraumatic Psychosis. Clinical Features
Authors: Euba O. , Zallo E. , Torreblanca M. , Arroita A. , Sánchez N. , Barreiro A. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) cause a wide range of after-effects, including psychiatric disorders. Psychosis although uncommon is a very serious consequences with important functional, therapeutical and legal implications.Methods:Our work is based on a systemic review of the articles published related to TBI and psychosis.Results and conclusions:Delirious psychosis are twice more common than schizophrenia-like psychosis (28% to 14%).Delusions and hallucinations are predominant over passive phenomena or negative symptoms.Evolution and chronicity of postraumatic psychosis depends on the severity of the TBI and on the psychiatric and neurological previous conditions.Treatment is the same as used for typical psychosis, even though side effects are more frequent.
What Does it take to Become a Psychiatrist? Results from a Survey on Quality of Training
Authors: Silva V. Barbanti , Forghieri M. , Ferrari S. , Volpe U. , Fiorillo A. 
Published: March 2009

As models of mental health care and the professional identity of psychiatry are dramatically changing throughout Europe, a constant redefinition of aims, procedures and standards of training in psychiatry is widely perceived as necessary. The aim of the present study was to assess, in a group of trainees in psychiatry and early career psychiatrists, facts and opinions about their own training.A 30-item ad hoc structured questionnaire, with both yes/no questions and rating scales, was administered to 92 Italian trainees in psychiatry and young psychiatrists, during a training event. The questionnaire focused on general work-related aspects (job satisfaction, self-confidence in different skills and therapeutic interventions) but also on more specific training-related aspects (supervision, training in psychotherapy, methods of evaluations, training in research).Mean (SD) age of respondents was 30 (3.51) years, with a M/F ratio of 0.31. Sixty-nine percent of respondents deemed themselves generally “satisfied” with their training, but when considering some specific areas of training, such as psychotherapy and forensic psychiatry, the satisfaction rates were sensibly lower (33 and 19% respectively). Lower levels of professional self-confidence were associated to forensic psychiatry, child and adolescent psychiatry, and emergency psychiatry. Respondents also reported problems in the definition and application of training instruments such as supervision and a training log-book.The definition and implementation of minimum educational international standards for training in psychiatry is still necessary. Thus, continuous research on definition of educational standards in psychiatry has to be promoted throughout Europe.
Ventral Prefrontal Function Mediates Resileince to Bipolar Disorder: An fMRI Study of BD Patients and Their Unaffected Siblings
Authors: Haldane M. , Kempton M. , Frangou S. 
Published: March 2009

Background and aims:Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterised by emotional dysregulation; abnormal emotional information processing is likely to be a component of genetic predisposition to BD.Method:Functional magnetic resonance imaging data was collected during an event-related facial affect recognition task (fearful, angry, sad expressions), from: 41 BDI patients, 22 of their unaffected siblings, and 51 controls. A random effects analysis was implemented using SPM5.Results:Patients, relative to controls had significantly:a.reduced activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus and middle occipital gyrus and,b.enhanced activation bilaterally in the posterior cingulate and in the left postcentral gyrus; in the temporal lobe, increased activation was seen in the hippocampus and amygdale bilaterally and in the middle and inferior temporal gyri.Siblings, relative to controls showed significantly enhanced activation in the inferior frontal gyrus and in the parahippocampal gyrus and amydgala. Siblings relative to patients had significantly higher activation in the inferior frontal gyrus.Conclusions:In BD patients there is evidence of increased limbic activation and decreased cortical efficiency during facial affect processing; increased ventral PFC activation in siblings, in the presence of increased limbic activation, may serve as a compensatory mechanism mediating resilience to disease expression.
Corpus Callosum Size and Shape in Individuals with Bipolar Disorder and Their Relatives
Authors: Walterfang M. , Wood A. , Barton S. , Velakoulis D. , Chen J. , Pantelis C. , Reutens D. , Kempton M. , Haldane M. , Frangou S. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:To examine genetic influences the anatomy of the Corpus Callosum (CC) in Bipolar Disorder (BD) by examining first-degree relatives in addition to BD patients.Methods:We compared CCl size and shape in 180 individuals: 70 with BD, 45 of their unaffected first-degree relatives, and 75 healthy controls. The CC was extracted from a mid-sagittal slice from T1-weighted magnetic resonance images; its total area, length and curvature were compared across groups. A non-parametric permutation method was used to examine for alterations in width of the callosum along 39 points.Results:Validating our previous findings, a significant global reduction in CC thickness was seen in BD patients, with a disproportionate thinning in the anterior body. First-degree relatives did not differ in CC size or shape from controls. Duration of illness was associated with thinning in the anterior body, whereas Lithium treatment associated with thicker anterior CC midbody.Conclusions:Global and regional CC thinning is a disease related feature of BD and may not represent a marker of familial disposition.