bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expressed emotion as an assessment of family environment with mothers and fathers of 1‐year‐old children
Authors: Psychogiou L. , Netsi E. , Sethna V. , Ramchandani P. G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundHigh levels of expressed emotion (EE) in parents have been found to put children at risk for emotional and behavioural problems. However, the majority of existing studies have focused on mothers of school‐aged children and adolescents rather than younger children, and have only rarely included fathers.MethodsThe present study examined the reliability of EE in mothers and fathers of 1‐year old children. It also investigated whether depression and marital problems in the postnatal period predicted EE toward the child at 12 months. EE was assessed with the Preschool Five Minute Speech Sample in 163 families.ResultsThe rater–interrater and code–recode reliability was high for most EE dimensions. Mothers and fathers were found to display quite similar EE scores. Regression analyses showed that depression and couple relationship significantly predicted EE in mothers, but not fathers.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that EE provides a reliable and useful assessment of the family environment in families of young children.
Significant impact of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Verstegen R. H. J. , van Gameren‐Oosterom H. B. M. , Fekkes M. , Dusseldorp E. , de Vries E. , van Wouwe J. P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveParents and health professionals believe that recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) have a large impact on children with Down syndrome (DS). We studied the relation between parent‐reported RRTI and development, behaviour and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in 8‐year‐old children with DS.MethodDuring a 3‐year period, 325 children with DS were recruited for inclusion in this observational study. Parents were asked to fill in the Child Behavior Checklist and TNO‐AZL Children's Quality of Life Parent Form. A psychological assistant administrated the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. The children were divided into a group with presence of RRTI (RRTI
+) and a group without RRTI (RRTI
−), on the basis of parental report. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of RRTI, while correcting for the influence of confounders.ResultsCompared with RRTI
− children (n = 176), RRTI
+ children (n = 149, 46%) showed decreased mental and motor development (mean developmental age 3.67 vs. 4.08 years), more behavioural problems and lower scores on most HRQoL scales (P < 0.05). Moreover, school enrolment is less favourable in RRTI
+ children.ConclusionIn 8‐year‐olds with DS, the children with parent‐reported RRTI show more delayed development, more behavioural problems and lower HRQoL compared with the children without RRTI. Although this association does not prove a causal relationship, further studies should focus on this, because RRTI are potentially preventable.
Catch the wave! Time‐window sequential analysis of alertness stimulation in individuals with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: Munde V. S. , Vlaskamp C. , Maes B. , Ruijssenaars A. J. J. M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundWhile optimally activities are provided at those moments when the individual with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) is ‘focused on the environment’ or ‘alert’, detailed information about the impact that the design and timing of the activity has on alertness is lacking. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to shed light on the sequential relationship between different stimuli and alertness levels in individuals with PIMD.MethodVideo observations were conducted for 24 participants during one‐on‐one interactions with a direct support person in multisensory environments. Time‐window sequential analyses were conducted for the 120 s following four different stimuli.ResultsFor the different stimuli, different patterns in terms of alertness became apparent. Following visual stimuli, the alertness levels of the individuals with PIMD changed in waves of about 20 s from ‘active alert’ to ‘passive alert’. While auditory and tactile stimuli led to ‘alert’ reactions shortly after the stimulation, alertness levels decreased between seconds 20 and 120. Reactions to vestibular stimuli were only visible after 60 s; these were ‘active alert’ or ‘withdrawn’.ConclusionsThe results of the present study show that individuals with PIMD show their reactions to stimuli only slightly, so that ‘waves’ might reflect the optimal alertness pattern for learning and development. Consequently, it is especially important that direct support persons follow and stimulate these individual ‘waves’ in the activities they provide to their clients.
Host activity and wasp experience affect parasitoid wasp foraging behaviour and oviposition on nematode‐infected larvae of the forestry pest Hylobius abietis
Authors: HARVEY CHRISTOPHER D. , GRIFFIN CHRISTINE T. 
Published: July 2012

1. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are currently being used as introduced biological control agents against the larvae of the native European forestry pest Hylobius abietis L. which develop under the bark of stumps and roots of newly dead conifer trees.2. The potential for resource competition between gregarious ectoparasitoid Bracon hylobii Ratz and EPN by recording oviposition and related behaviours of B. hylobii females on EPN‐infected H. abietis larvae was investigated. Wasps did not parasitise EPN‐infected host larvae that were dead when presented, but naÏve and experienced wasps parasitised live EPN‐infected hosts. NaÏve wasps parasitised live EPN‐infected hosts significantly less frequently than healthy hosts only when the infected larvae were close to death (i.e. died during 24‐h trial). Parasitism by experienced wasps was unaffected by host infection.3. Wasp probing and oviposition were positively associated with the amount of host movement. Preventing H. abietis larvae from chewing on bark significantly reduced parasitism by naÏve, but not experienced wasps.4. The number of eggs per clutch was not affected by bark chewing or EPN‐infection of H. abietis larvae.5. NaÏve and experienced B. hylobii parasitised two abnormal hosts (larvae of coleopteran Rhagium bifasciatum Fabricius and lepidopteran Galleria mellonella L.), both of which moved and chewed on bark during trials.6. It was concluded that B. hylobii can use vibrational cues generated by host movement and feeding to locate hosts at short range and accepts unsuitable (EPN‐infected or abnormal) hosts as long as these create such cues. The implications for competition between B. hylobii and EPN and possible ways of minimising it when applying EPN are discussed.
A numerical comparison of time and frequency‐domain marine electromagnetic methods for hydrocarbon exploration in shallow water
Authors: Connell Dylan , Key Kerry 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIn shallow water the frequency domain controlled source electromagnetic method is subject to airwave saturation that strongly limits the sensitivity to resistive hydrocarbon targets at depth. It has been suggested that time‐domain CSEM may offer an improved sensitivity and resolution of these deep targets in the presence of the airwave. In order to examine and test these claims, this work presents a side‐by‐side investigation of both methods with a main focus on practical considerations, and how these effect the resolution of a hydrocarbon reservoir. Synthetic noisy data for both time‐domain and frequency domain methods are simulated using a realistic frequency dependent noise model and frequency dependent scaling for representative source waveforms. The synthetic data studied here include the frequency domain response from a compact broadband waveform, the time‐domain step‐response from a low‐frequency square wave and the time‐domain impulse response obtained from pseudo‐random binary sequences. These data are used in a systematic resolution study of each method as a function of water‐depth, relative noise and stacking length. The results indicate that the broadband frequency domain data have the best resolution for a given stacking time, whereas the time‐domain data require prohibitively longer stacking times to achieve similar resolution.
Reconstructing frequency‐magnitude statistics from detection limited microseismic data
Authors: Williams Michael J. , Calvez Joel Le 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTMicroseismic monitoring, particularly the monitoring of hydraulic fracturing in gas‐ and oil‐bearing shales, has developed significantly over the last ten years. Early work focused on the location of microseismic events but more recently there have been attempts to extract more of the information afforded by this rich data source. In particular, the recovery of the frequency‐magnitude distribution, which is expected to follow a Gutenberg‐Richter distribution, may provide insights into the prevailing effective stress regime in the vicinity of the events. This stress regime varies with distance from the hydraulic fracturing: at the propagating fracture one expects conditions for tensile or shear failure, away from the fracture one may broadly expect microseismicity associated with pre‐existing weakness in the rock, occurring at effective stress conditions close to the conditions existing prior to the treatment.All geophysical experiments are detection limited and the microseismic monitoring case does not differ in this regard. In constructing a statistical indicator such as the distribution of moment magnitudes we would like the estimate to be robust and use as much of the data as possible. In analysing earthquake catalogues the predominant practise is to determine a magnitude of completeness denoting the detection limit of the catalogue. This approach defines a minimum magnitude above which all events are thought to have been reliably recorded. In effect, this imposes an artificial, conservative detection limit to replace the unknown detection limit of the catalogue. We present the case of an arbitrary detection limit and introduce an approach from astronomy that is particularly suited to the single‐well observing geometry most prevalent in hydraulic fracture monitoring.We calculate b‐values for a set of event magnitudes from the Barnett Shale formation, where multiple stimulation treatments were applied in a pair of wells (‘zipper frac’) followed by a four‐stage treatment in a third well and find significant variations in the b‐value between the pumped stages.
Multidisciplinary management of patients with haemophilia with inhibitors undergoing surgery in the United States: perspectives and best practices derived from experienced treatment centres
Authors: Escobar M. , Maahs J. , Hellman E. , Donkin J. , Forsyth A. , Hroma N. , Young G. , Valentino L. A. , Tachdjian R. , Cooper D. L. , Shapiro A. D. 
Published: July 2012

SummarySince the 1980s, major surgical interventions in patients with congenital haemophilia with inhibitors have been performed utilizing bypassing agents for haemostatic coverage. While reports have focused on perioperative management and haemostasis, the US currently lacks consensus guidelines for the management of patients with inhibitors during the surgical procedure, and pre‐ and postoperatively. Many haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) have experience with surgery in haemophilia patients, including those with inhibitors, with approximately 50% of these HTCs having performed orthopaedic procedures. The aim of this study was to present currently considered best practices for multidisciplinary care of inhibitor patients undergoing surgery in US HTCs. Comprehensive haemophilia care in the US is provided by ~130 federally designated HTCs staffed by multidisciplinary teams of healthcare professionals. Best practices were derived from a meeting of experts from leading HTCs examining the full care spectrum for inhibitor patients ranging from identification of the need for surgery through postoperative rehabilitation. HTCs face challenges in the care of inhibitor patients requiring surgery due to the limited number of surgeons willing to operate on this complex population. US centres of excellence have developed their own best practices around an extended comprehensive care model that includes preoperative planning, perioperative haemostasis and postoperative rehabilitation. Best practices will benefit patients with inhibitors and allow improvement in the overall care of these patients when undergoing surgical procedures. In addition, opportunities for further education and outcomes assessment in the care of this patient population have been identified.
Clinical antimicrobial efficacy of NiTi rotary instrumentation with NaOCl irrigation, final rinse with chlorhexidine and interappointment medication: a molecular study
Authors: Paiva S. S. M. , Siqueira J. F. , Rôças I. N. , Carmo F. L. , Leite D. C. A. , Ferreira D. C. , Rachid C. T. C. , Rosado A. S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate clinically the antibacterial effects of root canal treatment procedures using molecular microbiology analyses.MethodologySamples were taken from 14 necrotic root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis before (S1) and after instrumentation with NaOCl irrigation (S2), a final rinse with chlorhexidine (CHX) (S3) and then one‐week interappointment medication with calcium hydroxide/CHX paste (S4). The parameters examined included the following: incidence of positive broad‐range PCR results for bacterial presence; impact on bacterial community structures evaluated by PCR‐Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE); quantitative bacterial reduction determined by real‐time PCR; and identification of bacterial persisters by cloning and sequencing. Data from the different tests were subjected to statistical analyses and diversity indicator calculations.ResultsAll S1 samples were positive for bacteria in all tests. Treatment procedures promoted a decrease in microbial diversity and significantly reduced the incidence of positive results and the bacterial counts (P < 0.05). In general, each subsequent treatment step improved disinfection. No specific taxon or community pattern was associated with post‐treatment samples.ConclusionSupplementary steps consisting of a final rinse with CHX followed by calcium hydroxide interappointment medication promoted further decrease in the bacterial bioburden to levels significantly below those achieved by the chemomechanical procedures alone. Because the long‐term outcome of root canal treatment is dependent upon maximal bacterial reduction, the present results are of clinical relevance.
Physicochemical properties of radiopaque dicalcium silicate cement as a root‐end filling material in an acidic environment
Authors: Chiang T. Y. , Ding S. J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of two solutions differing by pH (7.4 and 4.0) on the physicochemical properties of a radiopaque dicalcium silicate cement.MethodologyThe cement was prepared by hand‐mixing the dicalcium silicate powder with distilled water in a liquid‐to‐powder ratio of 0.4 mL g−1. A total of 253 cement specimens with dimension of 6 mm (diameter) × 3 mm (height) were used. The morphology, weight loss, porosity and diametral tensile strength of the cement were evaluated after soaking in a solution for different time intervals, in addition to pH changes in the cement‐immersed solutions.ResultsAfter soaking in a pH 7.4 solution for 1 day, the particle size of precipitated apatite spherulites on the cement surfaces was greater than that obtained in a pH 4.0 solution. Solution pH did not result in a significant difference (P > 0.05) in diametral tensile strength of cement specimens at the same soaking time‐point. On day 30, the sample was associated with a weight loss of 0.8% in a pH 4.0 solution, whereas in a pH 7.4 solution, a weight increase of 0.2% occurred. A greater porosity of the cement soaked in a pH 4.0 was found compared with that in the solution with pH 7.4. Soaking time affected significantly (P < 0.05) the porosity, weight change and strength of the cements in an acidic environment more than at pH 7.4.ConclusionsHigh apatite–forming activity and low degradation were the characteristics of a radiopaque dicalcium silicate cement.
Health care in adults with Down syndrome: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Jensen K. M. , Davis M. M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground  Individuals with Down syndrome increasingly survive into adulthood, yet little is known about their healthcare patterns as adults. Our study sought to characterise patterns of health care among adults with Down syndrome based on whether they had fully transitioned to adult‐oriented providers by their inception in this cohort.Methods  In this retrospective observational cohort study, healthcare utilisation and annualised patient charges were evaluated in patients with Down syndrome aged 18–45 years who received care in a single academic health centre from 2000 to 2008. Comparisons were made based on patients' provider mix (only adult‐focused or ‘mixed’ child‐ and adult‐focused providers).Results  The cohort included 205 patients with median index age = 28 years; 52% of these adult patients had incompletely transitioned to adult providers and received components of their care from child‐focused providers. A higher proportion of these ‘mixed’ patients were seen exclusively by subspecialty providers (mixed = 81%, adult = 46%, P < 0.001), suggesting a need for higher intensity specialised services. Patients in the mixed provider group incurred higher annualised charges in analyses adjusted for age, mortality, total annualised encounters, and number of subspecialty disciplines accessed. These differences were most pronounced when stratified by whether patients were hospitalised during the study period (e.g. difference in adjusted means between mixed versus adult provider groups: $571 without hospitalisation, $19 061 with hospitalisation).Conclusions  In this unique longitudinal cohort of over 200 adults aged 18–45 years with Down syndrome, over half demonstrated incomplete transition to adult care. Persistent use of child‐focused care, often with a subspecialty emphasis, has implications for healthcare charges. Future studies must identify reasons for distinct care patterns, examine their relationship with clinical outcomes, and evaluate which provider types deliver the highest quality care for adults with Down syndrome and a wide variety of comorbidities.
Regulating the communication of genetic risk information: the Italian legal approach to questions of confidentiality and disclosure
Authors: Battistuzzi L , Ciliberti R , Forzano F , De Stefano F 
Published: July 2012

Battistuzzi L, Ciliberti R, Forzano F, De Stefano F. Regulating the communication of genetic risk information: the Italian legal approach to questions of confidentiality and disclosure.Communication of genetic risk is a complex process in which the rights of the individual and those of relatives may conflict with regard to the information revealed by DNA testing. If patients who participate in clinical genetic testing refuse to share their genetic information with at‐risk relatives, healthcare professionals need to reach a proper ethical balance between the right of individual patients regarding the confidentiality of their genetic test result and the right of families to be informed about their genetic risk. Rules and legislation in most countries generally protect the confidentiality of medical information but allow limited disclosure of genetic test results without the patient's consent in specific cases when certain conditions are met. The aim of this article is to draw attention to how Italian policymakers have attempted to balance protection of autonomy and confidentiality, and protection of health by means of a hybrid instrument. Furthermore, we show that some of the requirements of that instrument depart from the most widely recognized standards for non‐consensual disclosure of genetic risk information, while at the same time allowing an unusually high level of discretion to healthcare professionals involved in genetic counseling and testing.
Cell Counts and Survival to Vitrification of Bovine In Vitro Produced Blastocysts Subjected to Sublethal High Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Trigal B , Muñoz M , Gómez E , Caamaño JN , Martin D , Carrocera S , Casais R , Diez C 
Published: July 2012

ContentsThis work analyses the effects of a high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment on in vitro survival of in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos vitrified with the Cryologic Vitrification Method (CVM). Consequences on embryo quality in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation, and levels of embryonic Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp‐70) were also examined. Day 7 and 8 bovine in vitro‐produced blastocysts were submitted to an HHP treatment (60 MPa, at 32°C for 1 h) and allowed to recover for 1 or 2 h in culture medium. The HHP treatment did not improve blastocyst survival rates after vitrification/warming. Survival (24 h post‐warming) and hatching (48 h post‐warming) rates were 79.3 ± 4.9 and 51.8 ± 4.2 vs 73.9 ± 4.2 and 44.7 ± 4.1 for untreated controls and HHP‐treated embryos, respectively. Total cell numbers measured in fresh embryos were reduced after 1 h at 32°C, with or without HHP treatment, indicating that cell proliferation was stopped as a result of stress. Vitrified HHP‐treated embryos that hatched at 48 h after warming showed increased cell numbers in their ICM compared with untreated controls (50.2 ± 3.1 vs 38.8 ± 2.7), indicating higher embryo quality. Treatment of blastocysts with HHP did not alter the level of the Hsp‐70 protein. In our conditions, HHP treatment did not affect the cryoresistance of these embryos. However, combination of HHP treatment and vitrification in fibreplugs resulted in an increase in the ICM cell number of hatched embryos 48 h post‐warming.
Preterm neonatal cardiovascular instability: Does understanding the fetus help evaluate the newborn?
Authors: Bennet Laura , Booth Lindsea C , Drury Paul P , Quaedackers Josine SL , Gunn Alistair J 
Published: July 2012

Summary

Preterm newborns, particularly very low birth weight newborns, frequently experience intermittent hypotension and/or hypoperfusion.

Organ perfusion is largely distinct from systemic hypotension, suggesting that changes in underlying vascular tone are the major determinants of perfusion.

Preterm fetuses have a remarkable anaerobic tolerance and ability to survive major insults with no or limited injury, balanced by relative immaturity of key autonomic responses.

Exposure to hypoxia–ischaemia and infection trigger complex changes in vascular tone that evolve over many days and there is evidence that these are centrally controlled and linked, in part, with underlying organ metabolism.

Hypoperfusion frequently occurs after hypoxia–ischaemia without organ injury occurring.

Hypoxia–ischaemia, infection and many clinical interventions, such as steroid therapy and ventilation, can interact to increase or decrease the risk of brain injury.