bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibrational instability of Population III very massive main-sequence stars due to the -mechanism
Authors: Sonoi Takafumi , Umeda Hideyuki 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
Very massive stars are thought to be formed in the early Universe because of a lack of cooling process by heavy elements, and might have been responsible for the later evolution of the Universe. We had an interest in the vibrational stability of their evolution and have carried out a linear non-adiabatic analysis of radial and non-radial oscillations for Population III very massive main-sequence stars with . We found that only the radial fundamental mode becomes unstable due to the -mechanism for these stars. The instability appears just after the CNO cycle is activated and the nuclear energy generation rate becomes large enough to stop the pre-main-sequence contraction, and continues during the early stage of core hydrogen burning. Also, we have roughly estimated the amount of mass loss due to the instability to evaluate its significance.
Influenza‐like illness surveillance on the California‐Mexico border, 2004–2009
Authors: Kammerer Peter E. , Montiel Sonia , Kriner Paula , Bojorquez Ietza , Bejarano Ramirez Veronica , Vazquez‐Erlbeck Martha , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Blair Patrick J. 
Published: December 2011

Please cite this paper as: Kammerer et al. (2012). Influenza‐like illness surveillance on the California‐Mexico border, 2004–2009. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(5), 358–366.Background  Since 2004, the Naval Health Research Center, with San Diego and Imperial counties, has collaborated with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct respiratory disease surveillance in the US‐Mexico border region. In 2007, the Secretariat of Health, Mexico and the Institute of Public Health of Baja California joined the collaboration.Objectives  The identification of circulating respiratory pathogens in respiratory specimens from patients with influenza‐like illness (ILI).Methods  Demographic, symptom information and respiratory swabs were collected from enrollees who met the case definition for ILI. Specimens underwent PCR testing and culture in virology and bacteriology.Results  From 2004 through 2009, 1855 persons were sampled. Overall, 36% of the participants had a pathogen identified. The most frequent pathogen was influenza (25%), with those aged 6–15 years the most frequently affected. In April 2009, a young female participant from Imperial County, California, was among the first documented cases of 2009 H1N1. Additional pathogens included influenza B, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, enterovirus, herpes simplex virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes.Conclusions  The US‐Mexico border is one of the busiest in the world, with a large number of daily crossings. Due to its traffic, this area is an ideal location for surveillance sites. We identified a pathogen in 36% of the specimens tested, with influenza A the most common pathogen. A number of other viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens were identified. An understanding of the incidence of respiratory pathogens in border populations is useful for development of regional vaccination and disease prevention responses.
Surveillance of feral cats for influenza A virus in North Central Florida
Authors: Gordy James T. , Jones Cheryl A. , Rue Joanne , Crawford Patti Cynda , Levy Julie K. , Stallknecht David E. , Tripp Ralph A. , Tompkins Stephen M. 
Published: December 2011

Please cite this paper as: Gordy JT et al. (2012) Surveillance of feral cats for influenza A virus in North Central Florida. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(5), 341–347.Background  Transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza and the recent pandemic H1N1 viruses to domestic cats and other felids creates concern because of the morbidity and mortality associated with human infections as well as disease in the infected animals. Experimental infections have demonstrated transmission of influenza viruses in cats.Objectives  An epidemiologic survey of feral cats was conducted to determine their exposure to influenza A virus.Methods  Feral cat sera and oropharyngeal and rectal swabs were collected from November 2008 through July 2010 in Alachua County, FL and were tested for evidence of influenza A virus infection by virus isolation, PCR, and serological assay.Results and conclusions  No virus was isolated from any of 927 cats examined using MDCK cell or embryonated chicken egg culture methods, nor was viral RNA detected by RT‐PCR in 200 samples tested. However, 0.43% of cats tested antibody positive for influenza A by commercial ELISA. These results suggest feral cats in this region are at minimal risk for influenza A virus infection.
A novel approach for global mammal extinction risk reduction
Authors: Di Marco Moreno , Cardillo Marcel , Possingham Hugh P. , Wilson Kerrie A. , Blomberg Simon P. , Boitani Luigi , Rondinini Carlo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWith one‐fourth of the world's mammals threatened with extinction and limited budget to save them, adopting an efficient conservation strategy is crucial. Previous approaches to setting global conservation priorities have assumed all species to have equal conservation value, or have focused on species with high extinction risk, species that may be hard to save. Here, we identify priority species for optimizing the reduction in overall extinction risk of the world's threatened terrestrial mammals. We take a novel approach and focus on species having the greatest recovery opportunity using a new conservation benefit metric: the Extinction risk Reduction Opportunity (ERO). We discover that 65–87% of all threatened and potentially recoverable species are overlooked by existing prioritization approaches. We use the ERO metric to prioritize threatened species, but the potential applications are broader; ERO has the potential to integrate with every strategy that aims to maximize the likelihood of conservation success.
Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) with tranbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) versus mediastinoscopy for mediastinal staging in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) thoracic cancer
Authors: Nasir Basil , Cerfolio Robert J. , Bryant Ayesha S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and is responsible for more cancer deaths than the next three most common cancers combined. Despite common use of the best non‐invasive tests for assessing clinical stage: computed tomography (CT) and integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using 2‐deoxy‐2‐18‐fluoro‐D‐glucose (FDG), the pathologic stage is often different. The status of mediastinal (N2) lymph nodes is paramount in guiding therapy towards surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or a combination of these modalities. Accurate staging is mandatory for patients prior to commencing therapy. Invasive tests that afford tissue biopsies of N2 lymph nodes are: esophageal ultrasound with fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA), endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS‐TBNA), and mediastinoscopy. This review article compares the two most commonly used invasive methods to obtain tissue biopsies of mediastinal (N2) lymph nodes: mediastinoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS).
Let the market drive deployment
Authors: Gill Phillipa , Schapira Michael , Goldberg Sharon 
Published: December 2011

With a cryptographic root-of-trust for Internet routing(RPKI [17]) on the horizon, we can finally start planning the deployment of one of the secure interdomain routing protocols proposed over a decade ago (Secure BGP [22], secure origin BGP [37]). However, if experience with IPv6 is any indicator, this will be no easy task. Security concerns alone seem unlikely to provide sufficient local incentive to drive the deployment process forward. Worse yet, the security benefits provided by the S*BGP protocols do not even kick in until a large number of ASes have deployed them.
Instead, we appeal to ISPs' interest in increasing revenue-generating traffic. We propose a strategy that governments and industry groups can use to harness ISPs' local business objectives and drive global S*BGP deployment. We evaluate our deployment strategy using theoretical analysis and large-scale simulations on empirical data. Our results give evidence that the market dynamics created by our proposal can transition the majority of the Internet to S*BGP.
NetLord
Authors: Mudigonda Jayaram , Yalagandula Praveen , Mogul Jeff , Stiekes Bryan , Pouffary Yanick 
Published: December 2011

Providers of "Infrastructure-as-a-Service" need datacenter networks that support multi-tenancy, scale, and ease of operation, at low cost. Most existing network architectures cannot meet all of these needs simultaneously.
In this paper we present NetLord, a novel multi-tenant network architecture. NetLord provides tenants with simple and flexible network abstractions, by fully and efficiently virtualizing the address space at both L2 and L3. NetLord can exploit inexpensive commodity equipment to scale the network to several thousands of tenants and millions of virtual machines. NetLord requires only a small amount of offline, one-time configuration. We implemented NetLord on a testbed, and demonstrated its scalability, while achieving order-of-magnitude goodput improvements over previous approaches.
The power of prediction
Authors: Zohar Eyal , Cidon Israel , Mokryn Osnat (Ossi) 
Published: December 2011

In this paper we present PACK (Predictive ACKs), a novel end-to-end Traffic Redundancy Elimination (TRE) system, designed for cloud computing customers.
Cloud-based TRE needs to apply a judicious use of cloud resources so that the bandwidth cost reduction combined with the additional cost of TRE computation and storage would be optimized. PACK's main advantage is its capability of offloading the cloud-server TRE effort to end-clients, thus minimizing the processing costs induced by the TRE algorithm.
Unlike previous solutions, PACK does not require the server to continuously maintain clients' status. This makes PACK very suitable for pervasive computation environments that combine client mobility and server migration to maintain cloud elasticity.
PACK is based on a novel TRE technique, which allows the client to use newly received chunks to identify previously received chunk chains, which in turn can be used as reliable predictors to future transmitted chunks.
We present a fully functional PACK implementation, transparent to all TCP-based applications and network devices. Finally, we analyze PACK benefits for cloud users, using traffic traces from various sources.
What's the difference?
Authors: Eppstein David , Goodrich Michael T. , Uyeda Frank , Varghese George 
Published: December 2011

We describe a synopsis structure, the Difference Digest, that allows two nodes to compute the elements belonging to the set difference in a single round with communication overhead proportional to the
size of the difference
times the logarithm of the keyspace. While set reconciliation can be done efficiently using logs, logs require overhead for every update and scale poorly when multiple users are to be reconciled. By contrast, our abstraction assumes no prior context and is useful in networking and distributed systems applications such as trading blocks in a peer-to-peer network, and synchronizing link-state databases after a partition.

Our basic set-reconciliation method has a similarity with the peeling algorithm used in Tornado codes [6], which is not surprising, as there is an intimate connection between set difference and coding. Beyond set reconciliation, an essential component in our Difference Digest is a new estimator for the size of the set difference that outperforms min-wise sketches [3] for small set differences.
Our experiments show that the Difference Digest is more efficient than prior approaches such as Approximate Reconciliation Trees [5] and Characteristic Polynomial Interpolation [17]. We use Difference Digests to implement a generic KeyDiff service in Linux that runs over TCP and returns the sets of keys that differ between machines.
DevoFlow
Authors: Curtis Andrew R. , Mogul Jeffrey C. , Tourrilhes Jean , Yalagandula Praveen , Sharma Puneet , Banerjee Sujata 
Published: December 2011

OpenFlow is a great concept, but its original design imposes excessive overheads. It can simplify network and traffic management in enterprise and data center environments, because it enables flow-level control over Ethernet switching and provides global visibility of the flows in the network. However, such fine-grained control and visibility comes with costs: the switch-implementation costs of involving the switch's control-plane too often and the distributed-system costs of involving the OpenFlow controller too frequently, both on flow setups and especially for statistics-gathering.
In this paper, we analyze these overheads, and show that OpenFlow's current design cannot meet the needs of high-performance networks. We design and evaluate DevoFlow, a modification of the OpenFlow model which gently breaks the coupling between control and global visibility, in a way that maintains a useful amount of visibility without imposing unnecessary costs. We evaluate DevoFlow through simulations, and find that it can load-balance data center traffic as well as fine-grained solutions, without as much overhead: DevoFlow uses 10--53 times fewer flow table entries at an average switch, and uses 10--42 times fewer control messages.
Debugging the data plane with anteater
Authors: Mai Haohui , Khurshid Ahmed , Agarwal Rachit , Caesar Matthew , Godfrey P. Brighten , King Samuel Talmadge 
Published: December 2011

Diagnosing problems in networks is a time-consuming and error-prone process. Existing tools to assist operators primarily focus on analyzing control plane configuration. Configuration analysis is limited in that it cannot find bugs in router software, and is harder to generalize across protocols since it must model complex configuration languages and dynamic protocol behavior.
This paper studies an alternate approach: diagnosing problems through static analysis of the data plane. This approach can catch bugs that are invisible at the level of configuration files, and simplifies unified analysis of a network across many protocols and implementations. We present Anteater, a tool for checking invariants in the data plane. Anteater translates high-level network invariants into boolean satisfiability problems (SAT), checks them against network state using a SAT solver, and reports counterexamples if violations have been found. Applied to a large university network, Anteater revealed 23 bugs, including forwarding loops and stale ACL rules, with only five false positives. Nine of these faults are being fixed by campus network operators.
Seamless network-wide IGP migrations
Authors: Vanbever Laurent , Vissicchio Stefano , Pelsser Cristel , Francois Pierre , Bonaventure Olivier 
Published: December 2011

Network-wide migrations of a running network, such as the replacement of a routing protocol or the modification of its configuration, can improve the performance, scalability, manageability, and security of the entire network. However, such migrations are an important source of concerns for network operators as the reconfiguration campaign can lead to long and service-affecting outages.
In this paper, we propose a methodology which addresses the problem of seamlessly modifying the configuration of commonly used link-state Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP). We illustrate the benefits of our methodology by considering several migration scenarios, including the addition or the removal of routing hierarchy in an existing IGP and the replacement of one IGP with another. We prove that a strict operational ordering can guarantee that the migration will not create IP transit service outages. Although finding a safe ordering is NP complete, we describe techniques which efficiently find such an ordering and evaluate them using both real-world and inferred ISP topologies. Finally, we describe the implementation of a provisioning system which automatically performs the migration by pushing the configurations on the routers in the appropriate order, while monitoring the entire migration process.
LoKI
Authors: Baden Randy 
Published: December 2011

Decentralized online social networks (OSNs) typically rely on the existence of a public key infrastructure (PKI), but certificate authorities (CAs) cannot scalably identify all of the members of an OSN. Our system, LoKI, uses the ubiquity of mobile devices to exchange secrets during real-world meetings that can be used for the purposes of identification in-band, allowing each user to easily discover the keys of many one-hop relationships in the OSN.
We measure the frequency of such real-world meetings among OSN users with data sets crawled from Facebook, Twitter, and Foursquare. We quantify the resources consumed on the mobile devices in terms of storage and battery based on traces that reveal the number of mobile devices expected to be seen under normal activity. Lastly, we describe a rendezvous service that enables background peer-to-peer (P2P) communication on non-rooted Android phones, which we believe to be a practical and necessary service for many mobile peer-to-peer systems.
Optimizing a virtualized data center
Authors: Erickson David , Heller Brandon , Yang Shuang , Chu Jonathan , Ellithorpe Jonathan , Whyte Scott , Stuart Stephen , McKeown Nick , Parulkar Guru , Rosenblum Mendel 
Published: December 2011

Many data centers extensively use virtual machines (VMs), which provide the flexibility to move workload among physical servers. VMs can be placed to maximize application performance, power efficiency, or even fault tolerance. However, VMs are typically repositioned without considering network topology, congestion, or traffic routes.
In this demo, we show a system, Virtue, which enables the comparison of different algorithms for VM placement and network routing at the scale of an entire data center. Our goal is to understand how placement and routing affect overall application performance by varying the types and mix of workloads, network topologies, and compute resources; these parameters will be available for demo attendees to explore.
A Positive Feedback Signaling Loop between ATM and the Vitamin D Receptor Is Critical for Cancer Chemoprevention by Vitamin D
Authors: Ting Huei-Ju , Yasmin-Karim Sayeda , Yan Shian-Jang , Hsu Jong-Wei , Lin Tzu-Hua , Zeng Weisi , Messing James , Sheu Tzong-Jeng , Bao Bo-Ying , Li Willis X. , Messing Edward , Lee Yi-Fen 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Both epidemiologic and laboratory studies have shown the chemopreventive effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-VD) in tumorigenesis. However, understanding of the molecular mechanism by which 1,25-VD prevents tumorigenesis remains incomplete. In this study, we used an established mouse model of chemical carcinogenesis to investigate how 1,25-VD prevents malignant transformation. In this model, 1,25-VD promoted expression of the DNA repair genes RAD50 and ATM, both of which are critical for mediating the signaling responses to DNA damage. Correspondingly, 1,25-VD protected cells from genotoxic stress and growth inhibition by promoting double-strand break DNA repair. Depletion of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) reduced these genoprotective effects and drove malignant transformation that could not be prevented by 1,25-VD, defining an essential role for VDR in mediating the anticancer effects of 1,25-VD. Notably, genotoxic stress activated ATM and VDR through phosphorylation of VDR. Mutations in VDR at putative ATM phosphorylation sites impaired the ability of ATM to enhance VDR transactivation activity, diminishing 1,25-VD–mediated induction of ATM and RAD50 expression. Together, our findings identify a novel vitamin D–mediated chemopreventive mechanism involving a positive feedback loop between the DNA repair proteins ATM and VDR. Cancer Res; 72(4); 958–68. ©2011 AACR.
Acute Exposure to Low Glucose Rapidly Induces Endothelial Dysfunction and Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress
Authors: Wang Jingli , Alexanian Anna , Ying Rong , Kizhakekuttu Tinoy J. , Dharmashankar Kodlipet , Vasquez-Vivar Jeanette , Gutterman David D. , Widlansky Michael E. 
Published: December 2011

Objective—
Hypoglycemia is associated with increased mortality. The reasons for this remain unclear, and the effects of low glucose exposure on vascular endothelial function remain largely unknown. We endeavored to determine the effects of low glucose on endothelial cells and intact human arterioles.

Methods and Results—

We exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells to low glucose conditions in a clinically relevant range (40–70 mg/dL) and found rapid and marked reductions in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability (
P
<0.001). This was associated with concomitantly increased mitochondrial superoxide production (
P
<0.001) and NO-dependent mitochondrial hyperpolarization (
P
<0.001). Reduced NO bioavailability was rapid and attributable to reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and destruction of NO. Low glucose rapidly activated AMP kinase, but physiological activation failed to restore NO bioavailability. Pharmacological AMP kinase activation led to phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase's Ser633 activation site, reversing the adverse effects of low glucose. This protective effect was prevented by
l
-N
G
-Nitroarginine methyl ester. Intact human arterioles exposed to low glucose demonstrated marked endothelial dysfunction, which was prevented by either metformin or TEMPOL.

Conclusion—
Our data suggest that moderate low glucose exposure rapidly impairs NO bioavailability and endothelial function in the human endothelium and that pharmacological AMP kinase activation inhibit this effect in an NO-dependent manner.
Endogenous Estrogens Lower Plasma PCSK9 and LDL Cholesterol But Not Lp(a) or Bile Acid Synthesis in Women
Authors: Persson Lena , Henriksson Peter , Westerlund Eli , Hovatta Outi , Angelin Bo , Rudling Mats 
Published: December 2011

Objective—
Cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism display pronounced gender differences. Premenopausal women have lower LDL and higher HDL cholesterol, whereas men display higher synthetic rates of bile acids and cholesterol. The effects of the administration of exogenous hormones to humans and animals indicate that these gender differences can often be explained by estrogens. We evaluated how increased levels of endogenous estrogens modulate cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in women.

Methods and Results—
We studied healthy women during initiation of in vitro fertilization using blood samples obtained when endogenous estrogens were low and high. Cholesterol in VLDL and LDL, but not in HDL, was reduced 20% when estrogens were high. Apolipoprotein B levels decreased 13%. Apolipoprotein A-I and triglyceride levels increased 8% and 37%, respectively, whereas lipoprotein(a) levels were unchanged. Circulating PCSK9, a suppressor of LDL receptors, was reduced 14% when estrogens were high. Serum markers of bile acid and cholesterol synthesis were unaltered. Growth hormone levels increased 3-fold when estrogens were high, whereas insulin-like growth factor-1 and fibroblast growth factor-21 concentrations were unaltered.

Conclusion—
In women, Apolipoprotein B-containing particles and circulating PCSK9 are reduced when endogenous estrogens are high, indicating that endogenous estrogens induce hepatic LDL receptors partly through a posttranscriptional mechanism. However, estrogens do not stimulate bile acid or cholesterol synthesis.