bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of undersown species identity versus diversity to manage disease in crops
Authors: Cappelli Seraina Lisa , Domeignoz Horta Luiz Alberto , Gerin Stephanie , Heinonsalo Jussi , Lohila Annalea , Raveala Krista , Schmid Bernhard , Shrestha Rashmi , Tiusanen Mikko Johannes , Thitz Paula , Laine Anna‐Liisa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In the absence of chemical control with its negative side effects, fungal pathogens can cause large yield losses, requiring us to develop agroecosystems that are inherently disease resistant. Grassland biodiversity experiments often find plant species diversity to reduce pathogen pressure, but whether incorporating high biodiversity levels in agricultural fields have similar effects remains largely unknown.

We tested if undersown plant species diversity could reduce barley disease, and whether the effect was mediated through above‐ or below‐ground mechanisms, by combining an agricultural field trial with a soil transplant experiment.

As predicted, barley disease decreased in the presence of undersown plants. Undersown species richness had no effect, but their abundance led to early season disease reduction. Above‐ground mechanisms underpinned this disease reduction. Barley yield slightly decreased with increasing undersown species richness, and undersown species varied in their impact on yield.

We identified two undersown species, Trifolium repens and T. hybridum, that contributed most to disease reduction and had the potential to increase barley yield. Furthermore, our results indicate that above‐ground mechanisms caused this. We show that agroecosystem functioning can be improved without trade‐offs on yield by targeted selection of undersown species.

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Food web trophic control modulates tropical Atlantic reef ecosystems response to marine heat wave intensity and duration
Authors: Artana Camila , Capitani Leonardo , Santos Garcia Gabriel , Angelini Ronaldo , Coll Marta 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are episodes of anomalous warming in the ocean that can last from a few days to years. MHWs have different characteristics in terms of intensity, duration and frequency and generate thermal stress in marine ecosystems. In reef ecosystems, they are one of the main causes of the decreased presence and abundance of corals, invertebrates and fish. The deleterious capacity of thermal stress often depends on biotic factors, such as the trophic control of predators on prey. Despite the evidence of thermal stress and biotic factors affecting individual species, the combined effects of both stressors on entire reef ecosystems are much less studied.

Here, using a food web modelling approach, we estimated the rate of change in species' biomass due to different MHW characteristics. Specifically, we modelled the mechanistic link between species' consumption rate and seawater temperature (thermal stressor), simulating species' biomass dynamics for different MHW characteristics under different trophic control assumptions (top‐down, mixed trophic control and bottom‐up).

We find that total reef ecosystem biomass declined by 10% ± 5% under MHWs with severe intensity and a top‐down control assumption. The bottom‐up control assumption moderates the total ecosystem biomass reduction by 5% ± 5%. Irrespective of the MHW characteristics and the trophic control assumption, the most substantial biomass changes occur among top, mesopredators and corals (5% to 20% ± 10%).

We show that reef ecosystems where predators exert top‐down control on prey are prone to suffer species abundance declines under strong MHW events. We identify food web trophic control as a crucial driver that modulates the impacts of MHWs. Overall, our results provide a unified understanding of the interplay between abiotic stressors and biotic factors in reef ecosystems under extreme thermal events, offering insights into present baselines and future ecological states for reef ecosystems.
Examining factors influencing Turkish Jewish attitudes towards the Armenian genocide
Authors: Nefes Türkay Salim , Kaymak Özgür , Gürpınar Doğan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe most prominent issue influencing Turkish‐Armenian relations is the international recognition of the Armenian genocide. However, there is a notable absence of empirical analyses regarding the perceptions of the genocide among the Turkish population. This study aims to fill this scholarly gap by exploring, for the first time, the perspectives of Turkish Jews. It analyses evidence collected from interviews conducted with 14 Turkish Jews, utilising Stanley Cohen's (2001) theoretical framework, which aids in delineating significant factors by a categorisation of types of acceptance and denial. The findings highlight a diversity of responses linked to political attitudes, which can be broadly categorised into Kayades and Avlaremoz mindsets. They also show that Turkish Jews' views on the Holocaust influence how they perceive the Armenian genocide. Additionally, the results indicate that Cohen's approach is useful in explaining non‐denying responses. In conclusion, the study argues that Turkish Jews' perspectives appear to be strongly related to their stance towards the Turkish state and the Holocaust.
Schwannoma diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound‐guided intranodal forceps biopsy using standard‐sized biopsy forceps: A case report
Authors: Uchimura Keigo , Ishida Teruaki , Kan Shumei , Aoyama Katsuhiko , Kisohara Akira , Ikeda Shingo , Tagawa Kohei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSchwannomas are classified as neurogenic tumors and are the most frequent nerve sheath tumors in the paravertebral mediastinum. Recently, the addition of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided intranodal forceps biopsy (EBUS‐IFB) using standard‐sized biopsy forceps (SBFs) to endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) for metastatic lymph nodes in lung cancer patients reportedly improved the quality and quantity of the obtained specimens without significant complications. However, reports on the usefulness of this technique for benign diseases remain scarce. Here we report a case of schwannoma in the middle mediastinum, which was diagnosed by EBUS‐IFB using SBFs, despite inadequate specimens obtained via EBUS‐TBNA. An 80‐year‐old woman presented with dyspnea and a 5‐cm sized middle mediastinal tumor. EBUS‐TBNA and EBUS‐IFB using SBFs were performed for histological diagnosis. No complications were associated with the bronchoscopy procedure, and schwannoma was solely diagnosed using the EBUS‐IFB specimens. EBUS‐IFB using SBFs is potentially useful for diagnosing benign diseases, including schwannomas, which are often difficult to diagnose with EBUS‐TBNA.
Prenatal ethanol and cannabis exposure have sex‐ and region‐specific effects on somatostatin and neuropeptide Y interneurons in the rat hippocampus
Authors: Reid Hannah M. O. , Trepanier Owen , Gross Allyson , Poberezhnyk Polina , Snowden Taylor , Conway Kate , Breit Kristen R. , Rodriguez Cristina , Thomas Jennifer D. , Christie Brian R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCannabis is increasingly being legalized and socially accepted around the world and is often used with alcohol in social settings. We recently showed that in utero exposure to both substances can alter the density of parvalbumin‐expressing interneurons in the hippocampus. Here we investigate the effects of in utero alcohol and cannabis exposure, alone or in combination, on somatostatin‐ and neuropeptide Y‐positive (NPY) interneurons. These are separate classes of interneurons important for network synchrony and inhibition in the hippocampus.MethodsA 2 (Ethanol, Air) × 2 (tetrahydrocannabinol [THC], Vehicle) design was used to expose pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats to either ethanol or air, in addition to either THC or the inhalant vehicle solution, during gestational days 5–20. Immunohistochemistry for somatostatin‐ and NPY‐positive interneurons was performed in 50 μm tissue sections obtained at postnatal day 70.ResultsExposure to THC in utero had region‐specific and sex‐specific effects on the density of somatostatin‐positive interneurons in the adult rat hippocampus. A female‐specific decrease in NPY interneuron cell density was observed in the CA1 region following THC exposure. Combined exposure to alcohol and THC reduced NPY neurons selectively in the ventral dentate gyrus hippocampal subfield. However, overall, co‐exposure to alcohol and cannabis had neither additive nor synergistic effects on interneuron populations in other areas of the hippocampus.ConclusionsThese results illustrate how alcohol and cannabis exposure in utero may affect hippocampal function by altering inhibitory processes in a sex‐specific manner.
Combining prior and post‐release data while accounting for dispersal to improve predictions for reintroduction populations
Authors: Armstrong D. P. , Stone Z. L. , Parlato E. H. , Ngametua G. , King E. , Gibson S. , Zieltjes S. , Parker K. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAttempts to reintroduce species to managed areas may be compromised by dispersal into the surrounding landscape. Therefore, decisions regarding the selection and ongoing management of reintroduction areas require predicting dispersal as well as the survival and reproduction rates of the species to be reintroduced. Dispersal can potentially be measured directly by tracking animals, but this is often impractical. However, dispersal can also be inferred from re‐sighting surveys done within reintroduction areas if such data are available from multiple areas with varying connectivity to the surrounding landscape, allowing apparent survival and recruitment to be modelled as a function of connectivity metrics. Here, we show how data from 10 previous reintroductions of a New Zealand passerine, the toutouwai (Petroica longipes), were used to predict population dynamics at a predator‐controlled reintroduction area with high connectivity, and predictions then updated using post‐release data. Bayesian hierarchical modelling of the previous data produced prior distributions for productivity, adult survival and apparent juvenile survival rates that accounted for random variation among areas as well as rat density and connectivity. The modelling of apparent juvenile survival as a function of connectivity allowed it to be partitioned into estimates of survival and fidelity. Bayesian updating based on post‐release data produced posterior distributions for parameters that were consistent with the priors but much more precise. The prior data also allowed the recruitment rate estimated in the new area to be partitioned into separate estimates for productivity, juvenile survival and juvenile fidelity. Consequently, it was possible to not only estimate population growth under current management, but also predict the consequences of reducing the scale or intensity of predator control, facilitating adaptive management. The updated model could then be used to predict population growth as a function of the connectivity and predator control regime at proposed reintroduction areas while accounting for random variation among areas.
Does abdominal protrusion in pregnant women affect abdominal injury severity in motor vehicle collisions? A nationwide database study
Authors: Kuwahara Ayumu , Hitosugi Masahito , Takeda Arisa , Nakamura Mami 
Published: May 2024

AimsSome pregnant women avoid vehicle driving owing to the risk of contact between their protruding abdomen and steering wheel. This study was performed to determine whether abdominal protrusion in late‐term pregnant car users affects the occurrence and severity of abdominal injuries in motor vehicle collisions using a national crash database.MethodsThe National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System was used to analyse maternal background, collision characteristics, outcome and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scores for the body regions of all persons involved in the collision.ResultsComparison of pregnant and non‐pregnant women in the driver's seat showed no significant differences in the rate of AIS scores of ≥2 (2+) for abdominal injuries and female outcomes. Comparison of use of the driver's seat and front passenger's seat by pregnant women showed no significant difference in rate of AIS 2+ injuries or in maternal and fetal outcomes. Comparison of pregnant women with a gestational age of ≤27 and >27 weeks in the driver's seat showed no significant differences in rate of AIS 2+ injuries or in maternal and fetal outcomes.ConclusionsBased on the data from relatively low‐speed frontal collisions, obstetrician/gynaecologists should advise pregnant women that they do not need to change their preferred car seat from the driver's seat to another seat because of fear of contact between their protruding abdomen and the vehicle interior.
The logic of idealization in political theory
Authors: Leader Maynard Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe role of ideals and idealizations is among the most vigorously debated methodological questions in political theory. Yet, the debate seems at an impasse. This paper argues that this reflects a fundamental ambiguity over idealization's intended inferential logic: the precise way in which idealizations might yield normative knowledge. I identify two tacit understandings of idealization—a dominant “telic” understanding and a less overt “heuristic” understanding—which, though importantly different, are rarely distinguished. I argue that delineating these understandings, and shifting from telic to heuristic idealization, recasts various unresolved methodological problems for political theorists, while productively connecting their discussions to work on idealization in political science and the practice and philosophy of science more broadly. I then provide a systematic account of how idealization might be used heuristically in normative reasoning and explicate the advantages of such an approach for promoting rigorous, relevant, and inclusive methodologies in political theory.
Hyperangulated vs. Macintosh videolaryngoscopy in adults with anticipated difficult airway management: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Köhl Vera , Wünsch Viktor A. , Müller Marie‐Claire , Sasu Phillip B. , Dohrmann Thorsten , Peters Tanja , Tolkmitt Josephine , Dankert André , Krause Linda , Zöllner Christian , Petzoldt Martin 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundIt is not certain whether the blade geometry of videolaryngoscopes, either a hyperangulated or Macintosh shape, affects glottic view, success rate and/or tracheal intubation time in patients with expected difficult airways. We hypothesised that using a hyperangulated videolaryngoscope blade would visualise a higher percentage of glottic opening compared with a Macintosh videolaryngoscope blade in patients with expected difficult airways.MethodsWe conducted an open‐label, patient‐blinded, randomised controlled trial in adult patients scheduled to undergo elective ear, nose and throat or oral and maxillofacial surgery, who were anticipated to have a difficult airway. All airway operators were consultant anaesthetists. Patients were allocated randomly to tracheal intubation with either hyperangulated (C‐MAC D‐BLADE™) or Macintosh videolaryngoscope blades (C‐MAC™). The primary outcome was the percentage of glottic opening. First attempt success was designated a key secondary outcome.ResultsWe assessed 2540 adults scheduled for elective head and neck surgery for eligibility and included 182 patients with expected difficult airways undergoing orotracheal intubation. The percentage of glottic opening visualised, expressed as median (IQR [range]), was 89 (69–99 [0–100])% with hyperangulated videolaryngoscope blades and 54 (9–90 [0–100])% with Macintosh videolaryngoscope blades (p < 0.001). First‐line hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy failed in one patient and Macintosh videolaryngoscopy in 12 patients (13%, p = 0.002). First attempt success rate was 97% with hyperangulated videolaryngoscope blades and 67% with Macintosh videolaryngoscope blades (p < 0.001).ConclusionsGlottic view and first attempt success rate were superior with hyperangulated videolaryngoscope blades compared with Macintosh videolaryngoscope blades when used by experienced anaesthetists in patients with difficult airways.
Editorial: ARFI‐based techniques are better than VCTE for diagnosing advanced fibrosis in severe obesity—Authors' reply
Authors: Dominik Nina , Semmler Georg , Hartl Lukas , Balcar Lorenz , Schwarz Michael , Hofer Benedikt S. , Reiberger Thomas , Bauer David J. M. 
Published: May 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Vuijk et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18019 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18036
The influence of bone block graft position on bone dimensional changes in staged onlay horizontal ridge augmentation: A 6‐month retrospective cohort study
Authors: Luo Qiyue , Luo Yilin , Liu Jingjing , Yang Xingmei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze changes in bone dimensions and their modulating factor in bone dimensions 6 months after horizontal ridge augmentation using autogenous bone grafts.Materials and methodsThirty‐eight patients with horizontally atrophic alveolar ridges of a single edentulous tooth at the maxillary anterior site were divided into two groups based on the fixation position of the bone block during ridge augmentation surgery (H0, vertical distance from the upper edge of the bone block to the alveolar crest). Patients were classified into a crestal level (CL) group if H0 ≤ 1 mm and a sub‐crestal level (SCL) group if H0 > 1 mm. The width and height of the alveolar ridge were recorded using CBCT both before and 6 months after the augmentation procedure.ResultsThe CL group comprised 20 patients with 23 implants, whereas the SCL group comprised 18 patients with 22 implants. All the augmentation sites exhibited vertical bone resorption. Vertical bone resorption in the SCL group (1.94 ± 2.11 mm) was significantly higher than that of the CL group (0.61 ± 0.64 mm). The SCL group showed significantly lower horizontal bone gain than the CL group (SCL: 1.02 ± 2.30 mm; CL: 3.19 ± 3.17 mm) at the cervical level. Peri‐implant marginal bone loss increased significantly in the SCL group (1.00 ± 2.71 mm) compared to the CL group (0.64 ± 0.40 mm).ConclusionThe bone height decreased after horizontal ridge augmentation using autogenous onlay grafting. The fixation position of the bone block was a modulating factor. The SCL group showed more vertical bone loss, less horizontal bone gain 6 months after surgery, and more marginal bone loss after restoration.
What remains to be discovered: A global assessment of tree species inventory completeness
Authors: Chanachai Jariya , Asamoah Ernest F. , Maina Joseph M. , Wilson Peter D. , Nipperess David A. , Esperon‐Rodriguez Manuel , Beaumont Linda J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimRecent unprecedented efforts to digitise and mobilise biodiversity data have resulted in the generation of ‘biodiversity big data’, enabling ecological research at scales previously not possible. However, gaps, biases and uncertainties in these data influence analytical outcomes and the validity of scientific research and conservation actions. Here, we estimated tree species inventory completeness globally and identified where future surveys should focus to maximise regional inventories.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe analysed spatial patterns in sampling effort of tree species occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity and Information Facility (GBIF) and estimated global tree species inventory completeness for 100 × 100 km grid cells (sampling units) and ecoregions. We also identified forested areas for future botanical exploration, by examining the spatial overlap between inventory completeness, remaining natural habitat and protected areas and degrees of forest modification by anthropogenic pressure (forest integrity).ResultsSpatial patterns in sampling effort and tree species inventory completeness were unevenly distributed around the world. Only 35% of ecoregions and 18% of sampling units can be considered well surveyed, most of which were concentrated in the Global North, including Europe, North America and Australia. Large areas in species‐rich tropical regions, especially in Southeast Asia, remained poorly documented. Moreover, our results showed that many areas with low inventory completeness overlapped with ecoregions retaining less than 50% of natural habitat and protected land area, as well as sampling units with low forest integrity.Main ConclusionsDue to limitations in biodiversity data, simply sampling more will not necessarily lead to increasing knowledge. We illustrated how gaps in these data can be used to improve existing knowledge by identifying priority areas for future surveys. With ongoing anthropogenic impacts and escalating rates of biodiversity loss, limited resources should be allocated to strategically survey regions likely to yield new knowledge and improve biodiversity representativeness.
State‐owned Enterprises and the Politics of Financializing Infrastructure Development in Indonesia: De‐risking at the Limit?
Authors: Anguelov Dimitar 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe need for emerging economies to develop infrastructure in order to drive catch‐up growth has become a common refrain in policy circuits. The dominant norm promulgated and disseminated by global development institutions to countries facing infrastructure deficits is the public–private partnership (PPP) model of project finance, a market‐based model that seeks to transform infrastructure into a financial asset. Institutionalizing this model requires the deepening of market rationality in governance and the establishment of markets for infrastructure projects and infrastructure debt, underpinned by regulatory and institutional changes aimed at de‐risking global investments. However, this model is neither overriding nor monolithic. It is contested, modified and augmented by alternative state‐led models, rationalities and practices, animated by developmental politics. The article examines the embeddedness of the PPP model in Indonesia, where it is selectively appropriated by politicians and bureaucrats in line with state development objectives by mobilizing state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) as developers, insurers and financiers of infrastructure projects. Beyond establishing the conditions for market exchange and de‐risking capital, the state, through SOEs, is an active market participant, competing and partnering with private sector actors, while advancing state‐led alternatives where the market‐based model fails to address development needs. This case highlights the potential for developmental politics to shape the broad use of capital in the face of disciplinary pressure from global finance.
Exploring the Feasibility of AI‐Generated Logo Concepts
Authors: Olson Eric M. , Olson Kira C. 
Published: May 2024

AI‐powered platforms such as ChatGPT, boast capabilities to generate content across various domains, raising the question of whether they can extend their proficiency to logo concept design.The potential for automated logo concept generation has garnered significant attention in the digital era where brand recognition and differentiation are paramount for competitive advantage.
Toward Smart Sustainable Cities: A Novel Strategic Design Thinking Model
Authors: Schiavo Fabienne T. , de Magalhães Cláudio F. 
Published: May 2024

While global challenges are exhaustively debated in the search for solutions, the population is experiencing a significant digital transformation at an accelerated pace, with new technologies being developed and integrated into daily life.As urban populations continue to rise, it's time to investigate how strategic design can be employed to develop cities of the future with an emphasis on human well‐being and sustainability.