bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unreliability of intraoperative estimated blood loss in extended sagittal synostectomies
Authors: Seruya Mitchel , Oh Albert K. , Boyajian Michael J. , Myseros John S. , Yaun Amanda L. , Keating Robert F. 
Published: November 2011

Object
Intraoperative blood loss represents a significant concern during open repair of craniosynostosis, and its reliable measurement remains a serious challenge. In this study of extended sagittal synostectomies, the authors analyzed the relationship between estimated blood loss (EBL) and calculated blood loss (CBL), and investigated predictors of hemodynamic outcomes.

Methods
The authors reviewed outcomes in infants with sagittal synostosis who underwent primary extended synostectomies (the so-called Pi procedure) between 1997 and 2009. Patient demographic data, operating time, and mean arterial pressures (MAPs) were recorded. Serial MAPs were averaged for a MAPmean. The EBL was based on anesthesia records, and the CBL on pre- and postoperative hemoglobin values in concert with transfusion volumes. Factors associated with EBL, CBL, red blood cell transfusion (RBCT), and hospital length of stay (LOS) were investigated. Hemodynamic outcomes were reported as percent estimated blood volume (% EBV), and relationships were analyzed using simple and multiple linear and logistic regression models. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
Seventy-one infants with sagittal synostosis underwent primary extended synostectomies at a mean age and weight of 4.9 months and 7.3 kg, respectively. The average operating time was 1.4 hours, and intraoperative MAP was 54.6 mm Hg (21.3% lower than preoperative baseline). There was no association between mean EBL (12.7% EBV) and mean CBL (23.6% EBV) (r = 0.059, p = 0.63). The EBL inversely correlated with the patient's age (r = −0.07) and weight (r = −0.11) at surgery (p < 0.05 in both instances). With regard to intraoperative factors, EBL positively trended with operating time (r = 0.26, p = 0.09) and CBL inversely trended with MAPmean (r = −0.04, p = 0.10), although these relationships were only borderline significant. Intraoperative RBCT, which was required in 59.1% of patients, positively correlated with EBL (r = 1.55, p < 0.001), yet negatively trended with CBL (r = −0.40, p = 0.01). Undertransfusion was significantly more common than overtransfusion (40.8% vs 22.5%, p = 0.02, respectively). The mean hospital LOS was 2.3 days and was not significantly associated with patient demographic characteristics, intraoperative factors, blood loss, RBCT, or total fluid requirements.

Conclusions
In extended synostectomies for sagittal synostosis, EBL and CBL demonstrated a decided lack of correlation with one another. Intraoperative blood transfusion positively correlated with EBL, but inversely correlated with CBL, with a significantly higher proportion of patients undertransfused than overtransfused. These findings highlight the need for reliable, real-time monitoring of intraoperative blood loss to provide improved guidance for blood and fluid resuscitation.
Endoscopic fenestrations for suprasellar arachnoid cysts
Authors: Ogiwara Hideki , Morota Nobuhito , Joko Masahiro , Hirota Kengo 
Published: November 2011

Object
The endoscopic treatment of a suprasellar arachnoid cyst (SAC) consists mainly of ventriculocystostomy (VC) and ventriculocystocisternostomy (VCC). However, the most appropriate treatment for these cysts has not been fully determined yet. The authors report on the effectiveness of endoscopic VC for SACs communicating with the basal cisterns, which is demonstrated by preoperative CT cisternography.

Methods
The authors retrospectively analyzed the surgical results of patients with an SAC treated using endoscopic fenestration. The patient charts were reviewed for demographic data, clinical presentations, surgical therapies, and clinical outcomes.

Results
Six consecutive patients with SAC were surgically treated using endoscopic fenestration (VC or VCC) between March 2004 and February 2011. The mean age was 18.5 months (range 5 days to 37 months). Five patients were previously untreated, and 1 patient had previously undergone ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. Five patients underwent preoperative CT cisternography, and communication between the SAC and the basal cisterns was demonstrated in 3 patients, very slight communication in 1, and no communication in 1. Four patients, including the 3 with communication between the SAC and basal cisterns, underwent VC. Two patients with very slight or no communication underwent VCC. In all patients the SAC decreased in size and hydrocephalus improved postoperatively. Five patients (3 treated with VC and 2 with VCC [83%]) have been stable without reoperation (mean follow-up 32.7 months). All 3 patients with an SAC communicating with the basal cisterns have been stable without reoperation following VC.

Conclusions
Preoperative cisternography may be useful for selecting the optimal endoscopic treatment method for SAC. If an SAC communicates with the basal cisterns, a VC could be an effective, safe, and simpler treatment option.
Minicraniotomy versus bur holes for evacuation of chronic subdural collections in infants—a preliminary single-institution experience
Authors: Klimo Paul , Matthews Anne , Lew Sean M. , Zwienenberg-Lee Marike , Kaufman Bruce A. 
Published: November 2011

Object
Various surgical interventions have been described to evacuate chronic subdural collections (CSCs) of infancy. These include transfontanel percutaneous aspiration, subdural drains, placement of bur hole(s) with or without a subdural drain, and shunting. Shunt placement typically provides good long-term success (resolution of the subdural fluid), but comes with well-known early and late complications. Recently, the authors have used a mini–osteoplastic craniotomy technique with the goal of definitively treating these children with a single surgery while avoiding the many issues associated with a shunt. They describe their procedure and compare it with the traditional bur hole technique.

Methods
In this single-institution retrospective study, the authors evaluated 26 cases involving patients who underwent treatment for CSC. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were reviewed, including radiographic findings (density of the subdural fluid and ventricular and subarachnoid space size), neurological examination findings, and intraoperative fluid description. The primary outcome was treatment failure, defined as the patient requiring any subsequent surgical intervention after the index procedure (minicraniotomy or bur hole placement).

Results
Fifteen patients (10 male and 5 female; median age 5.1 months) collectively underwent 27 minicraniotomy procedures (each procedure representing a hemisphere that was treated). In the bur hole group, there were 11 patients (6 male and 5 female; median age 4.6 months) with 18 hemispheres treated. Both groups had subdural drains placed. The average follow-up for each treatment group was just over 7 months. Treatment failure occurred in 2 patients (13%) in the minicraniotomy group compared with 5 patients (45%) in the bur hole group (p = 0.09). Furthermore, the 2 patients who had treatment failure in the minicraniotomy group required 1 subsequent surgery each, whereas the 5 in the bur hole group needed a total of 9 subsequent surgeries. Eventually, 80% of the patients in the minicraniotomy group and 70% of those in the bur hole group had resolution of the subdural collections on the last imaging study.

Conclusions
The minicraniotomy technique may be a superior technique for the treatment of CSCs in infants compared with bur hole evacuation. The minicraniotomy provides greater visualization of the subdural space and allows more aggressive evacuation of the fluid, better irrigation of the space, the ability to fenestrate any accessible membranes safely, and continued egress of fluid into the subgaleal space. Although this preliminary report has obvious limitations, evaluation of this technique may be worthy of a prospective, multiinstitutional collaborative effort.
Zahlungsbereitschaft für Massnahmen zur Förderung der Biodiversität im Wald
Authors: Bade Stephanie , Ott Walter , von Grünigen Stefan 
Published: November 2011

Willingness to pay for forest management activities fostering biodiversity
In the course of a Swiss research project, the people's valuation of forest management activities fostering biodiversity was evaluated. To do so, a willingness to pay approach was chosen and a choice experiment (a special kind of opinion survey) was carried out. The results show that people accept a slightly higher tax burden to finance forest management activities which foster biodiversity. However, not all aspects of biodiversity are valued the same: the promotion of genetic diversity within forest tree populations, which is rather important from a biological point of view, was not appreciated at all by the respondents, whereas the promotion of endangered animal and tree species and the promotion of vegetation left in its natural state were rather highly valued. The willingness to pay for the promotion of forest biodiversity amounts to about 40 to 80 Swiss francs per year and household. Projected on the total Swiss population, the willingness to pay adds up to 140 to 270 mio. Swiss francs per year. In the political decision-making process willingness to pay measures for different forest management activities can provide valuable arguments and be an indicator for the feasibility of measures and projects.
Lawinenschutz durch Wälder – Methodik und Resultate einer Zahlungsbereitschafts-analyse
Authors: Olschewski Roland , Bebi Peter , Teich Michaela , Hayek Ulrike Wissen , Grêt-Regamey Adrienne 
Published: November 2011

Forest avalanche protection – methods and results of a willingness-to-pay analysis
Forests provide a variety of ecosystem goods and services to society. One of these services, avalanche protection, has the typical characteristics of a public good: non-excludability and non-rivalry. A monetary valuation of this service would be helpful to provide efficient and effective protection to the local population. We present the results of a case study from the Swiss Alps, where we determined the willingness to pay for avalanche protection based on a choice experiment combined with a risk-based evaluation and computer-based visualization techniques. Furthermore, we compare these results with the costs of alternative technical measures for natural hazard mitigation. We conclude that the willingness to pay for avalanche protection is higher than the costs of temporary measures, such as wooden stems and grilles, but lower than more costly long-term solutions like steel bridges or nets. Silvicultural measures to maintain the protection forest are by far the most cost-efficient way to prevent people from avalanches, provided that the forest's vulnerability to heavy storm events can be reduced.
Ökosystemleistungen des Waldes im politischen Kontext: Bedeutung und Argumenttypen
Authors: Moser Tiana , Zimmermann Willi 
Published: November 2011

Ecosystem services of forests in the political context: importance and types of arguments
The majority of ecosystem services can be described as public or semi-public goods, whose utilisation does not follow market principles. From the viewpoint of political science it is interesting to analyse how these services are taken into account in political programmes and processes. The present article investigates which ecosystem goods and services of forests have been considered in the Swiss forest policy, and why and in which form some services have been included in political programmes, while others have not. The analysis is based on a theoretical approach that assigns the arguments in the political decision process to specific types. The study shows that of all forest ecosystem services protection services play the most important role in the Swiss forest legislation. Biodiversity and nature conservation are important, too, while services related to recreation and landscape conservation are of minor importance. Concerning political arguments, those related to the long-term role of forestry as part of the overall economy are more important than arguments in favour of a short-term profit maximisation.
Managment of Aplasia cutis congenita - early experience
Authors: Hossain SI , Ibrahim FB , Islam MMT , Khondoker MS 
Published: November 2011

Background of the study: Aplasia cutis congenita refers to a heterogenous group of disorders in which localized areas of skin are absent or scarred at birth. No definite etiology is available in literature. Strong genetic predisposition is suspected. Objectives: To overview observed cases and study the rare congenital anomaly. Methods: Total 4 cases that reported in the department of plastic surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital included in the study. All the necessary data plotted and analyzed for purpose. Results: None of the patients had positive family history. No parents had history of consanguinity of marriage. None of them had history teratogen exposure or taking drug during pregnancy. No positive history of maternal smoking or alcohol consumption noted. Both legs were most frequently involved 3 cases. Followed by scalp and hand. All the patients were advised for regular follow up. 1 patient died at the age of 30 days in home and lost follow up. Other patients improved after regular dressings DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bdjps.v1i2.8801 BDJPS 2010; 1(2): 20-22
Peste des petits ruminants virus infection of goats in Bangladesh: Pathological investigation, molecular detection and isolation of the virus
Authors: Rahman MA , Shadmin I , Noor M , Parvin R , Chowdhury EH , Islam MR 
Published: November 2011

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), an economically important morbillivirus infection of sheep and goats, is widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and western and southern Asia including Bangladesh. A small flock of Black Bengal goats contracted PPR following introduction of new animals. A pathological investigation was conducted on the outbreak, the viral RNA corresponding to F gene was detected by RT-PCR and the virus was isolated in Vero cells. Out of 37 goats 19 (51%) developed clinnical disease, of which 5 (13.5%) died. Goats under one year of age had highest morbidity and mortality with typical signs and lesions of PPR. Viral RNA should be detected in mesenteric and bronchial lymph node tissues. Typical cytopathic effects (CPE) in Vero cells following inoculation of lymph node tissue homogenate were visible at the third passage. However, the replication of virus in cel culture was detected by RT-PCR at the first and second passage in the absence of visible CPE. RT-PCR appears to be a very useful and sensitive tool not only for the detection of PPR virus in clinical samples but also for monitoring the growth or virus in cell culture following inoculation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v28i1.8808 Bangl. vet. 2011. Vol. 28, No. 1, 1–7
Prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> infection in naturally infected layer of birds in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman MR , Shahinuzzaman ABM , Saha AK , Sufian MA , Rahman MH , Hossain MM 
Published: November 2011

The seroprevalence, cultural prevalence and pathological study of Salmonella infections in chickens of selected layer farms of Birgonj Upazila (Sub-district), Dinajpur were determined. A total of 175 blood samples were tested randomly by locally prepared Salmonella coloured antigen for seroprevalence study. Out of 96 cloacal swabs, 80 samples from live birds (36 from seropositive and 44 from seronegative) and 16 samples from dead birds were collected to determine the cultural prevalence of Salmonella organisms. Postmortem examination was done in 16 dead birds. Using whole blood agglutination test (WBA) with locally prepared Salmonella Pullorum coloured antigen, the overall seropositive prevalence was 46.2%. The seroprevalence decreased with age of birds. The cultural prevalence in seropositive was 33.3% and in seronegative 22.7%. In dead birds, the cultural prevalence using cloacal swab was 25%. A total 26 Salmonella were isolated, 27% Salmonella Pullorum, 58% Salmonella Gallinarum and 15% paratyphoid group of Salmonella. Isolation rate of Salmonella from cloacal swabs was significantly higher in seropositive than seronegative group. Grossly, the livers were friable, with bronze discolouration and necrotic foci, there was severe congestion in the lung, congested haemorrhagic egg follicles with stalk formation and enlarged discoloured spleen. Microscopically, there was focal necrosis and degeneration with leukocytic infiltration in liver, congestion and pneumonic lesions in the lung and various degrees of catarrhal to haemorrhagic enteritis in the intestine. In the egg follicles, congestion and haemorrhage with leukocytic infiltration and enlarged spleen with white necrotic foci were detected. In future, isolated Salmonella organisms may be used for vaccine production, serotyping and antibiotic sensitivity test. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v28i1.8809 Bangl. vet. 2011. Vol. 28, No. 1, 8-18
Collection grading and evaluation of cumulus-oocyte-complexes for <i>in vitro</i> maturation in sheep
Authors: Talukder MNS , Iqbal A , Khandoker MAMY , Alam MZ 
Published: November 2011

An alternative to superovulation is in-vitro production (IVP) of embryos where the efficient collection and grading of oocytes is important. Ovaries from an abattoir were collected and categorized as type I with no corpus luteum (CL), and type II with CL. The length, width and weight of type I and type II ovary were 1.4 ± 0.03 and 1.5 ± 0.08 cm; 0.8 ± 0.04 and 1.0 ± 0.07 cm; 0.6 ± 0.07 and 0.7 ± 0.04 gm, respectively, each significantly (P<0.05) higher in type II ovaries. A total of 80 and 78 follicles were observed and 60 and 61 follicles aspirated from left and right ovaries, respectively, from each of 25 ovaries. Out of 133 follicles 100 were aspirated from 40 type-I ovaries, and 21 aspirated from 10 type-II ovaries. The differences in the number of normal, abnormal and total cumulus-oocytecomplex (COCs) per ovary between left and right ovaries were not significant (P>0.05). The number of normal (1.9 ± 0.11) and total (2.5 ± 0.14) COCs per ovary were significantly (P<0.05) higher in ovaries without than in those with CL (1.2 ± 0.36 and 2.0 ± 0.30, respectively). But the number (0.80 ± 0.13) of abnormal COCs per ovary was significantly (P<0.05) higher in ovaries with CL than in those without (0.7 ± 0.09). Significantly (P<0.05) higher percentage of COCs expansion was grade A (6.9 ± 2.05) than grade B (53.1 ± 1.27) COCs. It is suggested that type I (without CL) ovaries and follicles of 2-6 mm diameter are suitable to collect good quality COCs for in-vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and the culture condition for IVM of sheep COCs are reported. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v28i1.8811 Bangl. vet. 2011. Vol. 28, No. 1, 31-38
Prevalence of <i>Genarchopsis dasus</i> (Digenea: Hemiuridae) in <i>Channa punctatus</i> of Mymensingh
Authors: Chandra KJ , Hasan M , Basak SS 
Published: November 2011

An investigation was made on prevalence of the parasite Genarchopsis dasus in the fish Channa punctatus of Mymensingh, Bangladesh to determine the infestation and seasonal variation. The experiment was carried out from December 2009 to November 2010. A total of 379 parasites were collected from 235 host fish. The prevalence of G. dasus was higher in July and lower in September and October. The highest prevalence (83.3%) was in rainy July and lower in September and October. The highest prevalence (83.3%) was in rainy season and the lowest (45.5%) in autumn. The highest intensity of G. dasus was in July and the lowest in December, and the highest and lowest intensity was in rainy and winter seasons, respectively. The prevalence was highest in intermediate length fish (67.0%), where the lowest (54.9%) was in small fish. Intensity was highest in intermediate length fish. The higher prevalence (90%) and intensity (4.3) was in female during rainy season. The lower prevalence (32%) and mean intensity (1.1) was in male during autumn. The highest ratio of mature: immature was in summer (30 : 37), the highest percentage of mature worms was in summer and the highest proportion of immature worms in autumn. The stomach contained most worms (72.8%) and the lowest proportion (6.6%) was in anterior portion of intestine. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v28i1.8813 Bangl. vet. 2011. Vol. 28, No. 1, 47-54
How young trees cope with removal of whole or parts of shoots: An analysis of local and distant responses to pruning in 1‐year‐old apple (Malus ×domestica; Rosaceae) trees
Authors: Fumey Damien , Lauri Pierre‐Éric , Guédon Yann , Godin Christophe , Costes Evelyne 
Published: November 2011

• Premise of study: Manipulation of tree architecture by pruning provides an experimental context to analyze architectural plasticity resulting from competition between developing organs. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of the removal of all or part of shoots through pruning on the redistribution of growth and flowering at spatial and temporal levels.• Methods: Two types of pruning cuts were applied: (1) heading cuts of either the main stem or laterals and (2) thinning cuts (i.e., complete removal) of laterals. These two types of cuts were applied in summer and winter on 1‐yr‐old cultivars of Fuji and Braeburn apple trees. Tree topology and geometry were described over 3 years, and responses were analyzed for both local and distant scales.• Results: Heading cuts induced quasi‐deterministic local responses on pruned axes, whereas responses to thinning cuts were more variable. For the main stem and laterals, responses over greater spatial and temporal scales were highlighted with (1) stronger growth the year after summer pruning and (2) modification of branching and flowering along the unpruned parts after winter pruning.• Conclusions: Pruning typically induced growth redistribution toward traumatic reiterations and enhanced growth of the remaining unpruned axes with a concomitant decrease of flowering and cambial growth. Although results could be interpreted in relation to the root–shoot balance, tree responses appeared highly cultivar‐specific.
Development of microsatellite markers in Actinidia arguta (Actinidiaceae) based on the NCBI data platform
Authors: Man Yuping , Wang Yanchang , Zhang Lei , Li Zuozhou , Qin Rui , Jiang Zhengwang , Sun Xiaorong , Liu Changjiang 
Published: November 2011

• Premise of the study: Expressed sequence tag (EST)–derived microsatellite markers in Actinidia arguta were developed for genotyping and genetic mapping.• Methods and Results: One hundred and fifty EST–simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) A. chinensis database using SSR Hunter 1.3. With the other 20 reported primers, 170 primer pairs were screened using 16 samples. A total of 72 primers pairs were successively developed for A. arguta. Fifteen of the developed markers were characterized in A. arguta populations from Changbai Mountain and Daba Mountain. The mean number of alleles per locus in the Changbai and Daba populations was 5.133 and 4.133, respectively.• Conclusions: Development of Actinidia ESTs from the NCBI database is an effective method of obtaining SSR markers for A. arguta. These markers will be useful for genome mapping and molecular breeding in A. arguta.