bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An NKp30-Based Chimeric Antigen Receptor Promotes T Cell Effector Functions and Antitumor Efficacy In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Tong , Wu Ming-Ru , Sentman Charles L. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
NKp30 is a natural cytotoxicity receptor that is expressed on NK cells and recognizes B7-H6, which is expressed on several types of tumors but few normal cells. To target effector T cells against B7-H6+ tumors, we developed several chimeric AgRs (CARs) based on NKp30, which contain the CD28- and/or CD3ζ-signaling domains with the transmembrane domains from CD3ζ, CD28, or CD8α. The data show that chimeric NKp30-expressing T cells responded to B7-H6+ tumor cells. The NKp30 CAR-expressing T cells produced IFN-γ and killed B7-H6 ligand-expressing tumor cells; this response was dependent upon ligand expression on target cells but not on MHC expression. PBMC-derived dendritic cells also express NKp30 ligands, including immature dendritic cells, and they can stimulate NKp30 CAR-bearing T cells to produce IFN-γ, but to a lesser extent. The addition of a CD28-signaling domain significantly enhanced the activity of the NKp30 CAR in a PI3K-dependent manner. Adoptive transfer of T cells expressing a chimeric NKp30 receptor containing a CD28-signaling domain inhibited the growth of a B7-H6–expressing murine lymphoma (RMA/B7-H6) in vivo. Moreover, mice that remained tumor-free were resistant to a subsequent challenge with the wild-type RMA tumor cells, suggesting the generation of immunity against other tumor Ags. Overall, this study demonstrates the specificity and therapeutic potential of adoptive immunotherapy with NKp30 CAR-expressing T cells against B7-H6+ tumor cells in vivo.
Chitin Elicits CCL2 from Airway Epithelial Cells and Induces CCR2-Dependent Innate Allergic Inflammation in the Lung
Authors: Roy René M. , Wüthrich Marcel , Klein Bruce S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractChitin exposure in the lung induces eosinophilia and alternative activation of macrophages and is correlated with allergic airway disease. However, the mechanism underlying chitin-induced polarization of macrophages is poorly understood. In this paper, we show that chitin induces alternative activation of macrophages in vivo but does not do so directly in vitro. We further show that airway epithelial cells bind chitin in vitro and produce CCL2 in response to chitin both in vitro and in vivo. Supernatants of chitin-exposed epithelial cells promoted alternative activation of macrophages in vitro, whereas Ab neutralization of CCL2 in the supernate abolished the alternative activation of macrophages. CCL2 acted redundantly in vivo, but mice lacking the CCL2 receptor, CCR2, showed impaired alternative activation of macrophages in response to chitin, as measured by arginase I, CCL17, and CCL22 expression. Furthermore, CCR2 knockout mice exposed to chitin had diminished reactive oxygen species products in the lung, blunted eosinophil and monocyte recruitment, and impaired eosinophil functions as measured by expression of CCL5, IL-13, and CCL11. Thus, airway epithelial cells secrete CCL2 in response to chitin and CCR2 signaling mediates chitin-induced alternative activation of macrophages and allergic inflammation in vivo.
A New Method for Measuring Tail Exponents of Firm Size Distributions
Authors: Fujimoto Shouji , Ishikawa Atushi , Mizuno Takayuki , Watanabe Tsutomu 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The authors propose a new method for estimating the power-law exponents of firm size variables. Their focus is on how to empirically identify a range in which a firm size variable follows a power-law distribution. On the one hand, as is well known a firm size variable follows a power-law distribution only beyond some threshold. On the other hand, in almost all empirical exercises, the right end part of a distribution deviates from a power-law due to finite size effects. The authors modify the method proposed by Malevergne et al. (2011). In this way they can identify both the lower and the upper thresholds and then estimate the power-law exponent using observations only in the range defined by the two thresholds. They apply this new method to various firm size variables, including annual sales, the number of workers, and tangible fixed assets for firms in more than thirty countries.
Antibody-Based Detection of ERG Rearrangements in Prostate Core Biopsies, Including Diagnostically Challenging Cases: ERG Staining in Prostate Core Biopsies
Authors: Tomlins Scott A. , Palanisamy Nallasivam , Siddiqui Javed , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Kunju Lakshmi P. 
Published: July 2012

Context.—Fusions of androgen-regulated genes and v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (avian) (ERG) occur in approximately 50% of prostate cancers, encoding a truncated ERG product. In prostatectomy specimens, ERG rearrangements are greater than 99% specific for prostate cancer or high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia adjacent to ERG-rearranged prostate cancer by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.
Objective.—To evaluate ERG staining by immunohistochemistry on needle biopsies, including diagnostically challenging cases.
Design.—Biopsies from a retrospective cohort (n  =  111) enriched in cores requiring diagnostic immunohistochemistry and a prospective cohort from all cases during 3 months (n  =  311) were stained with an anti-ERG antibody (clone EPR3864).
Results.—Among evaluable cores (n  =  418), ERG staining was confined to cancerous epithelium (71 of 160 cores; 44%), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (12 of 68 cores; 18%), and atypical foci (3 of 28 cores; 11%), with staining in only 2 of 162 cores (1%) diagnosed as benign. The ERG was expressed in about 5 morphologically benign glands across 418 cores and was uniformly expressed by all cancerous glands in 70 of 71 cores (99%).
Conclusions.—ERG staining is more prostate cancer–specific than α-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase, and staining in an atypical focus supports a diagnosis of cancer if high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia can be excluded. Thus, ERG staining shows utility in diagnostically challenging biopsies and may be useful in molecularly subtyping prostate cancer and in stratifying isolated high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia by risk of subsequent cancer.
Average consensus with weighting matrix design for quantized communication on directed switching graphs
Authors: Li Shuai , Guo Yi , Fang Jun , Li Hongbin 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYWe study average consensus for directed graphs with quantized communication under fixed and switching topologies. In the presence of quantization errors, conventional consensus algorithms fail to converge and may suffer from an unbounded asymptotic mean square error. We develop robust consensus algorithms to reduce the effect of quantization. Specifically, we introduce a robust weighting matrix design and use the H ∞  performance index to measure the sensitivity from the quantization error to the consensus deviation. Linear matrix inequalities are used as design tools. The mean square deviation is proven to converge and its upper bound is explicitly given in the case of fixed topology with probabilistic quantization. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Composition of Wustite
Authors: Grabke H. J. , Viefhaus H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUsing a solid electrolyte cell inside an UHV‐system the surface composition of oxides and metals can be studied at high temperatures 700 to 1000°C and well defined oxygen activities in the range po2 = 10−10 to 10−25 bar. AES‐measurements on wustite have shown that at temperatures > 800°C the composition of the surface shows the same change with the varied oxygen activity as would be expected for the bulk. At temperatures below 800°C the change of surface oxygen content is larger than the change of bulk oxygen which indicates the presence of adsorbed oxygen. An adsorption isotherm obtained at 720°C shows that the degree of coverage θ ⋍ 0.07 is approached near the FeO/Fe3O4, phase boundary. — The information from the AES‐studies is used for a discussion of the kinetics of the oxygen transfer to wustite by the reactions CO2 = CO + O(ads) and H2O = H2 + O(ads). The dependence on the oxygen activity of the solid catalyst as observed for these reactions at temperatures > 800°C must be interpreted as being caused by participation of electrons in the dissociation of the molecules on the wustite surface.
Quantum Rate Theory for the Relaxation in Symmetrical Microscopic Systems I: The Dephasing Mechanism
Authors: Brickmann Jürgen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA quantum rate theory is evaluated for the isoenergetic relaxation in symmetrical microscopical systems. Three different approximations for the rate expression are presented which base on a transport theoretical concept of Fong [32], the isolated system approximation (ISR), the measurement time approximation (MT) and the first passage time approximation (FPT). The theoretical rate expressions are applied for the determination of the diffusion mechanism of hydrogen and deuterium in niobium. Only the rates obtained with the aid of the measurement time approximation are in sufficient agreement with experiments in this special case.
Ionic Transport in PbO  SiO2‐Melts (II) Transference Number Measurements
Authors: Petuskey W. , Schmalzried H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe transference numbers of Pb and Si relative to the oxygen Hittorf reference frame in PbOSiO2 melts were determined at 850°C between 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.6 using galvanic cells with liquid junctions and reversible oxygen electrodes. Silicon transference becomes appreciable at high PbO concentrations. The transference numbers, interdiffusion coefficient and electrical conductivity are related through a theoretical treatment of independent transport equations. It is shown that only three coefficients are necessary to characterize electrochemical transport in this quasibinary system. These are calculated as a function of a composition.
Electron Transfer between Benzenediols and Tris(1,10‐phenanthroline)iron(III) in Micellar Systems [1]
Authors: Pelizzetti Ezio , Pramaaro Edmondo , Croce Daniele 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe effect of both cationic and anionic micelles on the reaction rates and mechanisms of electron transfer between benzenediols and 1,10‐phenanthroline‐like ligands complexes of iron(III) has been investigated. In the cationic micellar system, the reactions have been found to occur in water phase, the reaction rates being lower in respect to the homogeneous solution. On the other hand, in the presence of anionic micelles, the reactions occur in the micellar phase or at the interface between micellar and water phase. In this case the reaction rates are enhanced with the exception of the experiments performed with a benzenediol derivative bearing two sulphonic groups. The binding constants of the benzenediols with the two different surfactants have been estimated.
Adsorption of Nitrogen on Polycrystalline Nickel Films between 77 K and 333 K
Authors: Wedler Gerd , Alshorachi George 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe adsorption of nitrogen on polycrystalline nickel films has been studied by means of volumetric measurements, measurements of pressure, electric resistance, surface potential and thermal desorption. There are different states of molecular adsorbed nitrogen. — A dissociative adsorption could only be observed at temperatures above 273 K. At these temperatures the rate of adsorption was measured. The sticking probability is in the order of 10−8 and decreases with increasing temperature which leads to an apparent negative activation energy. An adsorption mechanism is proposed in which an adsorption equilibrium is the precursor state for the dissociative adsorption.
Calorimetry within Hysteresis Loops of Metal/H Systems: Application to Pd/H
Authors: Bowerman B. S. , Biehl G. E. , Wulff C. A. , Flanagan Ted B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIt was suggested many years ago by Carl Wagner that if H2 is added to Pd/H whilst the system is on a desorption pressure plateau within the two solid phase coexistence region, H2 dissolves in both solid phases without formation of additional β‐phase. Similar considerations apply for the removal of H2 whilst on the absorption pressure plateau. This model, which has not been previously verified, has been confirmed in this research by calorimetric measurements of the enthalpies of scans between branches of the hysteresis loop for well‐annealed Pd samples. The experimental enthalpies lie between the values which correspond to the solution of H2 in each of the two pure coexisting solid phases. Besides confirming Wagner's suggestion, the calorimetric measurements described here provide a means to obtain partial thermodynamic quantities for the coexisting pure phases which may be difficult to obtain directly. — Values of the change of chemical potential of dissolved hydrogen with total hydrogen content, nt = H to metal, atom ratio, have been measured for scans from one branch of the hysteresis loop to the other. These values are consistent with the model and the experimentally determined enthalpies of solution. They demonstrate that relatively more H2 enters (or leaves) the β‐phase than the α‐phase during hysteresis scans.
Das Nahordnungsverhalten in paramagnetischem LaCrO3
Authors: Dräger K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn stöchiometrischen, polykristallinen Proben von LaCrO3 sind im Temperaturbereich zwischen 290 K und 490 K ESR‐Messungen durchgeführt worden. Danach kann die Néel‐Temperatur nach oben durch TN ≤ 285 K abgeschätzt werden. Die Linienbreite ΔB zeigt gegenüber den theoretischen Vorhersagen systematische Abweichungen; statt einer hyperbolischen Abnahme mit wachsender Temperatur wird ein Anstieg beobachtet. — Der Intensitätsverlauf der ESR ist auch für T > TN nicht streng paramagnetisch, sondern durch eine erhebliche antiferromagnetische Kopplung gekennzeichnet. Der Vergleich mit einem Nahordnungsmodell ergibt für die Energielücke zwischen dem gebundenen und dem paramagnetischen Zustand den Wert ΔE = 400 ± 15 cm−1. Die Konstante der Paarbindung wird zu J12 = 8,89 cm−1 ermittelt. Daraus kann der Schluß abgeleitet werden, daß sich die Nahordnung auch im Bereich der Néel‐Temperatur noch stetig verhält.
Über das Wachstum von Iodidschichten auf Silber‐ und Kupferunterlagen durch simultane Kondensation und Reaktion
Authors: Pittermann Udo , Weil Konrad G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDie durch freie Verdampfung von Silber‐ und Kupferiodid erzeugten Dämpfe weisen erheblich höhere Iodanteile auf als die entsprechenden Gleichgewichtsdämpfe. Auf Silber‐ und Kupferunterlagen von Raumtemperatur wachsen in diesen Dämpfen Iodidschichten durch simultane Iodidkondensation und Reaktion der Unterlage mit Iod. Es werden Meßverfahren angegeben, mit denen die zeitlichen Verläufe und die Anteile beider Prozesse erfaßt werden können. Das Zeitgesetz des Schichtwachstums und die Abhängigkeit der kinetischen Parameter der Kondensation und Reaktion von den Aufdampfbedingungen zeigen, daß der Mechanismus eine unabhängige Überlagerung der beiden Einzelprozesse ist. Durch Vergleich der Stoffströme, die aus Gleichgewichtsdrücken berechnet werden, mit den aus den Kondensationsraten berechneten, können Verdampfungskoeffizienten abgeschätzt werden. Sie sind kleiner als 10−1.
On the Use of Electroreflectance in the Interpretation of Anodic Electrochemical Behavior of the ZnSe Semiconductor Electrode
Authors: Lemasson Philippe , Gautron Jacques , Dalbéra Jean‐Pierre 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe flat band potential and the possible use of a Schottky barrier model for the description of the electrolyte/ZnSe interface indicate that in a large potential domain (vs. e.s.m.), ranging between −1.0 and +10.0 V, the semiconductor space charge region is a depletion layer. This fact enables the use of the electrolyte electroreflectance technique in the case of a fully depleted layer as an in situ method of study of the electrochemical behavior of zinc selenide. Over the electrode potential ranges between −1.0 and +6.0 V, the ZnSe decomposition gives soluble products and for potentials higher than +6.0 V the final result of the decomposition is the formation of a zinc oxide layer. The shape and energetic position of the electroreflectance spectra show that in the first case the ZnSe electrode surface remains unchanged whereas in the second case a surface transformation appears which is irreversible. These results correlate with data obtained in a purely electrochemical way.
On the Mechanism of Solute Singlet State Formation in Electron Irradiated Liquid Alkanes
Authors: Hermann R. , Brede O. , Bös J. , Mehnert R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe naphthalene fluorescence induced by a 2 ns electron pulse was used to monitor the solute singlet state formation in liquid cyclohexane, decalin, n‐heptane, and n‐decane. At solute concentrations smaller than 10−3 M a fast formation of the solute singlet was observed. Additionally, at higher naphthalene concentrations a slowly rising emission component was obtained. The fast emission seems to be mainly caused by radiative excitation transfer and the slower one is formed by different ion‐recombination reactions. To explain the observed slow solute singlet formation by ion recombination two models were used: a phenomenological one [12] and a model based on the solution of the rate equations using time‐dependent rate constants. The latter model gives a reasonable description of the experimental results. Particularly the influence of the hole life‐time which varies for the alkanes used was studied. — Energy transfer from the alkane singlet to the solute was found to be of minor importance under our conditions.
Mixture Rules in Thermal Unimolecular Reactions
Authors: Troe J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLow pressure rate constants and incubation times for thermal unimolecular reactions, which take place in mixtures of inert bath gases, are investigated theoretically. By solving the master equation analytically for an exponential collision model, non‐linear mixture rules are observed, if at least one component of the mixture is a weak collider. The non‐linearities, however, are generally small and at the limit of the sensitivity of today's experiments.
Stoßwellenmessungen zur Kinetik der Reaktion HCN + O
Authors: Roth P. , Löhr R. , Hermanns H. D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDurch direkte Messung des zeitlichen Verlaufes der H‐ und O‐Atomkonzentration in der Reaktionszone hinter Stoßwellen konnte in Gemischen aus Argon mit geringen Konzentrationen an HCN (25 bis 200 ppm) und N2O (5 bis 40 ppm) die Geschwindigkeitskonstante der Reaktion chemical structure image in einem Temperaturbereich 1800 K ≤ T ≤ 2500 K bei Drücken um p = 1,7 bar bestimmt werden.
Über die Oxidation von o‐Xylol an V2O5‐Trägerkatalysatoren
Authors: Hauffe K. , Raveling H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractV2O5 ist bei Erreichen einer bestimmten Fehlordnung, erkenntlich an der Abweichung von der stöchiometrischen Zusammensetzung, ein wirkungsvoller Katalysator für die Oxidation von o‐Xylol zu Phthalsäureanhydrid. Da V2O5 allein aber schon nach kurzer Reaktionsdauer so stark anreduziert wird, daß es seine katalytische Wirksamkeit verliert, wurden zur Stabilisierung der katalytischen Fähigkeit die folgenden Oxide als Träger getestet: Al2O3, Nb2O5, MnO2, ZrO2, SiO2, SnO2 und TiO2. Von diesen Oxiden war TiO2 neben SnO2 und ZrO2 der wirkungsvollste Träger für die Oxidation zu Phthalsäureanhydrid. Gleichzeitig durchgeführte Messungen der Änderung der Masse von V2O5 und seines Widerstandes ergaben, daß der Ausbau von Sauerstoff langsamer als der Einbau ins Gitter von V2O5 erfolgt und somit der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Teilschritt der Katalyse ist. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Geschwindigkeit des Ausbaus von Sauerstoff aus dem Gitter des Katalysators gleich der Geschwindigkeit des Sauerstoffverbrauchs von Xylol war. Ferner wurde festgestellt, daß unter unseren Versuchsbedingungen die stationäre Fehlordnung des besonders aktiven Katalysators auf TiO2 während der Katalyse V2O4,58 betrug. während der auf ZrO2 bzw. SnO2 befindliche Katalysator eine Zusammensetzung von V2O4,91 bzw. von V2O4,16 aufwies. Ein möglicher Reaktionsmechanismus wird vorgeschlagen.
The electronic spectra of aminophenazines
Authors: Lange A. , Tavan P. , Schröder D. , Baumgärtel H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe influence of amino substituents on the excited π‐π* singlet states of phenazine is investigated by absorption, fluorescence, and polarization spectroscopy at 77 K and by PPP‐SCF‐CI calculations including all single and double excitations from the SCF ground state. The Coulomb interaction of the free electron pair of the amino groups with the π‐electrons of phenazine is shown to be responsible, essentially, for the drastic changes in the observed electronic spectra.
Concentration polarization in electrodialysis with cation exchange membranes
Authors: Khedr G. , Varoqui R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractInterfacial concentration values derived from overpotential measurements on the cation exchange membrane AMF C 100 are considered in relation to the corresponding current‐voltage curves. The concentration in the depleted layer was found to reach a limiting value as a function of current density which is still large compared to the H+ and OH− ion concentration. The pH shift and the cation transport number were also determined as a function of current density. It appeared that water splitting did not contribute significantly to the conductivity in the high polarization regime and could not be correlated with the constant value of the interfacial concentration nor with the additional conductivity which appears beyond the polarographic plateau.
Thermodynamic properties of RbAu and CsAu
Authors: Busse Bernd , Weil Konrad G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractExperiments are reported on the composition of the vapor phase over Cs/Au and Rb/Au mixtures. The vapors were analysed by Knudsen‐cell mass spectrometry. — From the experimental data, bond energies for the species CsAu and RbAu could be evaluated to be

Consistency of the results was checked by investigation of the equilibrium Cs + RbAu ⇄ Rb + CsAu. — It can be shown, that the bond character in the CsAu and RbAu molecules is predominantly ionic.
An excimer investigation of the effects of additives on SDS micelles
Authors: Miller Dennis J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTime‐resolved and photostationary pyrene excimer fluorescence can be used to obtain the microviscosity and aggregation number of micelles. The microviscosity of sodium dodecyl sulphate micelles (33 cP) is hardly affected by Na2SO4 in spite of a considerable increase in micelle size. Mixed micelles of sodium octyl sulphate/dodecyl sulphate have the same microviscosity as pure SDS micelles. The addition of n‐hexanol, which is incorporated into the SDS micelles, can lower the microviscosity by a factor of nearly three.
Dynamics of a N × K‐Level Molecule Coupled to a Thermal Reservoir
Authors: Raab H.‐U. , Brickmann J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe influence of intermolecular elastic (T2 processes) and inelastic (T1 processes) interactions on the population relaxation and phase relaxation of a specific molecular mode is studied in terms of a two mode model. Therein one mode (K‐level system) is assumed to undergo T1 and T2 relaxation processes as a consequence of its coupling to a thermal reservoir while the second mode (N‐level system) is not explicitly damped but is coupled to the first one. The quantum statistical equations of motion for the coupled two‐mode system are solved numerically with a special integration scheme in which the damping is considered in first order and the coupling of the modes in infinite order. Energy relaxation and dephasing of the N‐level system are studied as functions of the external relaxation behaviour and of the coupling between the modes. A dynamical decoupling of the two modes is found with decreasing intermolecular dephasing times T2.