bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is present in human breast milk
Authors: Macfarlane Trisha V. , Seager Anna L. , Moller Maria , Morgan Gareth , Thornton Catherine A. 
Published: March 2010

Macfarlane TV, Seager AL, Moller M, Morgan G, Thornton CA. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is present in human breast milk. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: e454–e456. © 2010 The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell MunksgaardThymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has emerged as a potential key mediator of both the initiation and maintenance of Th2 responsiveness and thereby the allergic inflammatory cascade. Given the possible role of TSLP in initiating Th2‐mediated allergic disease more detailed investigation of TSLP expression and responsiveness in early life is warranted. Therefore, the presence of TSLP in breast milk was evaluated. Defatted human breast milk collected at 3–5 days and 11–26 days postpartum (n = 22/group) and commercially available ready‐made baby formula (n = 3) were analysed for TSLP with a specific ELISA. TSLP was detectable in breast milk but not in commercial ready‐made formulas. Levels in breast milk were significantly higher (p < 0.001) at 3–5 days than at 11–26 days postpartum. The potential role of breast milk TSLP in the development of immune function within the neonatal gastrointestinal tract and the development of allergy in childhood remain to be determined.
Tetrameric and Octameric Lactate Dehydrogenase from the Hyperthermophilic Bacterium Thermotoga maritima
Authors: Dams Thomas , Ostendorp Ralf , Ott Markus , Rutkat Kerstin , Jaenicke Rainer 
Published: March 2010

Lactate dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima has been functionally expressed in Escherichia coli. As shown by gel‐permeation chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and ultracentrifugation, the recombinant protein forms homotetrameric and homooctameric assemblies with identical spectral properties and a common subunit molecular mass (35 kDa). Dynamic light scattering and sedimentation equilibrium experiments proved that both species are monodisperse, thus excluding their interconversion in the given ranges of concentration (0.02–50 mg/ml) and temperature (20–80°C). Rechromatography confirms this finding: the octamer does not dissociate at low enzyme concentrations, nor do tetramers dimerize at the given upper limit of concentration. Renaturation of pure tetramers or octamers after preceding guanidine denaturation leads to redistribution of the two species; increased temperature favors octamer formation.Thermal analysis and denaturation by chaotropic agents do not allow the free energies of stabilization of the two forms to be quantified, because heat coagulation and kinetic partitioning between reconstitution and aggregation cause irreversible side reactions. Guanidine denaturation of the octamer leads to a highly cooperative dissociation to tetramers which subsequently dissociate and unfold to yield metastable dimers and, finally, fully unfolded monomers. Evidently, there is no tight coupling of the two tetramers within the stable octameric quaternary structure. Electron microscopy clearly corroborates this conclusion: image processing shows that the dumb‐bell‐shaped octamer is made up of two tetramers connected via surface contacts without significant changes in the dimensions of the constituent parts.
Time use, parenting practice and conduct problems in four‐ to five‐year‐old Australian children
Authors: Yu Mong‐Lin , Ziviani Jenny , Baxter Janeen , Haynes Michele 
Published: March 2010

Background:  Conduct problems (CoP) represent one of the most common mental health issues manifesting in childhood, with the potential to influence the developmental trajectory of children negatively. Early identification of children at risk of developing CoP is a key strategy to their effective management. Evidence suggests that parenting practices are important contributors to CoP; however, these practices can also interact with the activities in which children engage and these have not yet been addressed in combination.Method:  A cross‐sectional study of a nationally representative sample of 4936 four‐ to five‐year‐old children from Wave 1 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children was undertaken to examine the relationship between CoP, parenting practices and time use.Results:  All children were at a lower risk of CoP if they were exposed to less hostile and consistent parenting practices and if they did not have sleep problems as reported by their parents. However, boys were more vulnerable if they had fathers who had not undertaken tertiary education, and spent more time in risk‐oriented physical activities.Conclusion:  Parenting practices are affirmed as a significant independent predictor of risk for developing CoP. The nature of activities in which children engaged, particularly boys, also has the potential to influence the manifestation of CoP. Occupational therapy services for children with CoP are best provided in the context of family‐centred practice and should incorporate an examination of daily time use.
A working reality: Evaluating enhanced intersectoral links in supported employment for people with psychiatric disabilities
Authors: Sherring Joanne , Robson Emma , Morris Adrienne , Frost Barry , Tirupati Srinivasan 
Published: March 2010

Background/aim: Supported employment (SE) program‐mes have been found to improve the rates of competitive employment for people with severe mental illness. Evidence has suggested that the most effective SE model is one in which the employment specialist is co‐located with mental health services. However, this may not always be achievable. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the enhanced intersectoral links approach to SE.Methods: A total of 43 people with a mental illness participated in the programme in which formal links were created between a community mental health team and three employment services. The outcomes of the programme were evaluated over 24 months.Results: Of all participants, 77% achieved a competitive employment outcome, with 60.6% remaining in employment at the end of the evaluation period. The average duration of employment was 44.8 weeks. For those who were unable to maintain a job, the average period of employment was 14.2 weeks. The study found that participants with less severe symptoms at baseline were more likely to obtain employment and those who had worked in the year preceding entry into the programme were employed for a higher proportion of time. The factors related to job loss were the short‐term nature of the position, cognitive difficulties and social skills.Conclusions: The study found that the enhanced intersectoral links approach was effective in achieving outcomes consistent with international studies of SE programmes and may offer a viable alternative to the co‐location of employment specialists with community mental health teams.
A meta‐study of the essentials of quality nursing documentation
Authors: Jefferies Diana , Johnson Maree , Griffiths Rhonda 
Published: March 2010

Jefferies D, Johnson M, Griffiths R. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 112–124 A meta‐study of the essentials of quality nursing documentationThe aim of this study was to synthesize all relevant information about nursing documentation and present the essential aspects of quality nursing documentation. Literature searches, limited to the English language, were conducted on both CINAHL (1982 to week 3, April 2008) and MEDLINE (1996 to April 2008) using the following search terms: attitude, audit, care, culture, documentation, guideline health, in service, legal, liability, medical, nurses, nursing, organizational, patient, personnel, planning practice, quality, records, research and training. One hundred and seventy‐one papers were reviewed for their relevance to the clinical question. Twenty‐eight articles were read by two researchers. Data informing the clinical question were extracted and categorized into key concepts by an analysis of similarities. The seven major themes (essentials) of quality nursing documentation were identified. This paper has reviewed contemporary literature, research evidence and local policies to identify the seven essential components of quality nursing documentation. Some of the barriers or more controversial aspects of the final policy are described.
The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Indonesia: Does primary health care as a prevention and intervention strategy work?
Authors: Ibrahim Kusman , Songwathana Praneed , Boonyasopun Umaporn , Francis Karen 
Published: March 2010

Ibrahim K, Songwathana P, Boonyasopun U, Francis K. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 87–91 The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Indonesia: Does primary health care as a prevention and intervention strategy work?The continuing increase in the number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Indonesia is impacting on society. Various policies and strategies have been adopted and implemented to tackle this epidemic including primary health‐care (PHC) initiatives. This paper describes the current HIV/AIDS epidemic in Indonesia and highlights a range of prevention and intervention initiatives introduced to limit the spread and impact of this disease factors, such as the characteristics of high‐risk groups, the decentralization policy in the health sector, and the lack of skilled human resources and supplies in health centres have been identified as influencing access to health‐care services among high‐risk groups. Revitalization of a PHC approach coupled with adequate fiscal, infrastructure and human resources if addressed will increase of PLWHA and other risk groups to health care.
Observation results of handwashing by health‐care workers in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Caglar Seda , Yıldız Suzan , Savaser Sevim 
Published: March 2010

Caglar S, Yıldız S, Savaser S. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 132–137 Observation results of handwashing by health‐care workers in a neonatal intensive care unitThis research was conducted as a descriptive study to determine the status of handwashing, which is important and an effective method of preventing and controlling hospital infections, by health‐care workers in a neonatal intensive care unit and to make recommendations based on the results. The research sample included 28 health‐care workers (physicians and nurses) who agreed to participate voluntarily in the study. A total of 344 observations were made of situations requiring handwashing. The health‐care workers' handwashing compliance rate was 58.14% and no statistically significant difference between physicians and nurses was found in whether or not handwashing was done. However the percentage of handwashing compliance was higher for the nurses (62.50%) than for the physicians (52.63%). In the analysis of handwashing technique and duration, the physicians (23.75%) had a higher percentage of correct technique and duration than the nurses (13.33%), but the difference was not statistically significant.
Nurses' knowledge and attitudes to HIV/AIDS—An international comparison between Finland, Estonia and Lithuania
Authors: Suominen Tarja , Koponen Niina , Mockiene Vida , Raid Ulla , Istomina Natalja , Vänskä Maj‐Lis , Blek‐Vehkaluoto Mari , Välimäki Maritta 
Published: March 2010

Suominen T, Koponen N, Mockiene V, Raid U, Istomina N, Vänskä M‐L, Blek‐Vehkaluoto M, Välimäki M.International Journal of Nursing Practice2010;16: 138–147 Nurses' knowledge and attitudes to HIV/AIDS—An international comparison between Finland, Estonia and LithuaniaThis paper presents baseline data on nurses' knowledge of and attitudes to HIV/AIDS in three countries: Finland, Estonia and Lithuania. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is steadily increasing in Finland, Estonia and Lithuania. At the same time, labour mobility and also nursing mobility between these countries increases. Previous international studies have shown that lack of knowledge and negative attitudes continue to exist. A total of 681 registered nurses from one Finnish (n = 322), one Estonian (n = 191) and one Lithuanian (n = 168) hospital were surveyed in spring 2006. The questionnaire was originally developed by Held in 1993 and modified for this study. The questionnaire has three scales: demographic and other background variable, nurses' knowledge related to HIV/AIDS, and nurses' attitudes towards people with HIV/AIDS and towards the disease itself. Across the whole sample respondents showed average levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes towards people with HIV/AIDS. Years of work experience correlated negatively with the knowledge and attitude levels. A significant correlation was found between the level of knowledge and attitudes. Significant differences were found between countries, Finnish nurses showing the highest knowledge levels and most positive attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS. Factors positively influencing levels of knowledge and attitudes were education, previous experience of providing care to HIV/AIDS patient or knowing someone with the infection, and willingness to provide care to HIV/AIDS patients. Supplementary education is needed to strengthen nurses' knowledge. It is important to recognize that there might be differences in knowledge and attitudes between neighbour countries. This needs to be taken into account when planning education for degrees and for further nursing education.
A shared care model vs. a patient allocation model of nursing care delivery: Comparing nursing staff satisfaction and stress outcomes
Authors: Tran Duong T , Johnson Maree , Fernandez Ritin , Jones Sonya 
Published: March 2010

Tran DT, Johnson M, Fernandez R, Jones S.International Journal of Nursing Practice2010;16: 148–158 A shared care model vs. a patient allocation model of nursing care delivery: Comparing nursing staff satisfaction and stress outcomesThis study compared nurse outcomes between the shared care in nursing (SCN) and patient allocation (PA) models of care. A quasi‐experimental design was used. Job satisfaction, stress and aspects of role were measured at baseline and 6 months after the implementation of the SCN model using validated instruments. Nurses in the PA (n = 51) and SCN (n = 74) units were comparable at baseline. Nurses from both groups were satisfied with their job and experienced clarity in their role despite some levels of pressure. ‘Satisfaction with co‐workers’ in the SCN group decreased, emphasizing the challenges of supervising staff. Matched pair sample sizes at follow‐up were small. The SCN represents an innovative model of care delivery that is responsive to increasing proportions of enrolled nurses and assistants in nursing within wards. Both models have been found to be supportive of nursing staff. Although difficulties with follow‐up data were experienced, this study represents the first Australian quasi‐experimental research, comparing two models with validated measures. New tasks such as negotiating with co‐workers might create some new challenges for nurses. Hospital administrators should consider the repertoire of care delivery models available.
Army nursing practice challenges in humanitarian and wartime missions
Authors: Agazio Janice 
Published: March 2010

Agazio J. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 166–175 Army nursing practice challenges in humanitarian and wartime missionsThe research question guiding this study was: What are the nursing practice challenges for Army nurses in military operations other than war (MOOTW), or humanitarian missions and wartime? Using a descriptive qualitative design, 75 Army Nurse Corps officers with deployment experience participated in a focused interview either in person or by telephone. Deployment locations included Bosnia, Honduras, Iraq, Afghanistan and other worldwide locations. Nurses recounted challenges and adjustments made to deliver high quality patient care to soldiers and civilian casualties especially for multi‐level traumatic injuries. Specialized skill sets and personal adaptation were necessary for practice under austere conditions in these environments. By understanding the practice of nursing in MOOTW and wartime, nurses can best prepare and train to effectively function and care for patients in these challenging settings.
Clinical placements and nursing students' career planning: A qualitative exploration
Authors: McKenna Lisa , McCall Louise , Wray Natalie 
Published: March 2010

McKenna L, McCall L, Wray N.International Journal of Nursing Practice2010;16: 176–182 Clinical placements and nursing students' career planning: A qualitative explorationMany nursing students enter undergraduate programmes with preconceived ideas about their future nursing careers, and intend to practice in particular areas such as midwifery or paediatrics. Through clinical placements, students are exposed to different clinical areas and professional socialization is facilitated. However, little is known about the influence of clinical placements on students' career intentions. This paper reports nursing findings drawn from a large qualitative study conducted in Victoria, Australia that sought to explore the influence of health professional students' clinical placements on their future career intentions. Participants were invited to be involved in either face‐to‐face or focus group interviews depending upon their own preference. Thematic data analysis revealed three main themes: ‘re‐affirming career choice’, ‘working in a particular area’ and ‘work location’. Findings from the study add to our understanding of factors influencing nursing students' planning for their future careers including the impact of clinical placements.
OVERVIEW OF REVIEW: Non‐medical management of asthma in adults
Authors: Roberston‐Malt Suzie 
Published: March 2010

Roberston‐Malt S. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 208–219 Non‐medical management of asthma in adultsOverview of reviews, compiling evidence from multiple Cochrane reviews into one accessible and usable document, is a new methodology being developed by the Cochrane methods group and mastered by the Child Health Network. Overviews of reviews are rapidly gaining in popularity as a ‘friendly front end’ to the Cochrane Library. Through collating the results of multiple reviews on a single subject, overview of reviews provides the reader with a quick bottom line regarding the quality and utility of existing evidence on the clinical decision at hand. This overview presents a summary of the results of all previous Cochrane reviews on the effect of complementary therapies (non‐medical) for the treatment of asthma in adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was searched for all systematic reviews examining the complementary therapies (non‐medical) treatment of asthma in adults. All reviews that were under the heading ‘asthma’ on the Cochrane Airways Group's Topic List were reviewed. Data were extracted and entered into tables; data were synthesized using qualitative and quantitative methods. Currently, twenty‐three (23) reviews are published in the CDSR related to non‐medical interventions for the management of asthma in adults. The known complexities associated with measuring the effect of complementary therapies resulted in all reviews being unable to find studies which—at least in the form reported—had the strenth of evidence that could be generalized beyond the variables of the specific trial.
Description and ultrastructure of araphid diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) morphologically similar to Pseudostaurosira elliptica (Schumann) Edlund et al.
Authors: Morales Eduardo A. , Edlund Mark B. , Spaulding Sarah A. 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYSeveral populations identified and reported from North America and Mongolia under the names Fragilaria elliptica Schumann or Staurosira elliptica (Schumann) Williams et Round were analyzed in detail using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis yielded three variants that can not be ascribed to ‘elliptica’ of the type. Furthermore, two of the variants could not be related to published taxa and we describe them as new species, Staurosira ambigua sp. nov. and Staurosira dimorpha sp. nov. A third variant was identified as Pseudostaurosira trainorii Morales, a taxon originally reported from ponds and a river in the north‐eastern USA. The combined LM and SEM analysis used here allowed for a more thorough circumscription of taxonomic boundaries among morphologically similar taxa and for better delimitation of their geographic distributions. A discussion of the taxonomy and ecology of these taxa based on literature and recent ecological data is presented.
Morphology and molecular relationships of Leptofauchea rhodymenioides (Rhodymeniales, Rhodophyta), a new record for Japan
Authors: Suzuki Masahiro , Hashimoto Tetsuo , Nakayama Takeshi , Yoshizaki Makoto 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARY Leptofauchea rhodymenioides Taylor (Faucheaceae, Rhodymeniales) is reported from Japan for the first time, based on detailed morphological studies and molecular phylogenetic analyses of nuclear‐encoded small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and plastid‐encoded rbcL gene sequences. This is the first report of male gametophytes and detailed carposporophyte development in the genus Leptofauchea. This species is characterized as follows: (i) flat, membranous, and regularly and dichotomously branched thalli; (ii) the older blades are constricted below the apices; (iii) the cortex is composed of a continuous layer with an irregularly arranged outer layer, and the medulla of two to three incomplete layers; (iv) gametophytes are dioecious; (v) in males, the cortical cells cut off two to three spermatangial mother cells, which produce terminal spermatangia; (vi) in females, the procarp is composed of a three‐celled carpogonial branch and a two‐celled auxiliary cell branch; (vii) upon fertilization, the carpogonium directly contacts the auxiliary cell; (viii) the auxiliary mother cell fuses with vegetative cells, and forms a large trunk‐like fusion cell; (ix) gonimoblast filaments develop outwardly, and transform completely into carposporangia; (x) the carposporophyte is covered with a pericarp with a well‐defined tela arachnoidea; (xi) the mature cystocarp is spherical, has an ostiole, and protrudes from the blade margins; and (xii) the cruciately divided tetrasporangia are formed in nemathecia, produced laterally from paraphyses or terminally on short filaments. Molecular analyses suggest that Leptofauchea forms a strong sister alliance with the genus Webervanbossea. The families Faucheaceae and Lomentariaceae, and the genera Leptofauchea and Webervanbossea are monophyletic, but the latter two genera are not included in the Faucheaceae.
Effect of laminaran accumulation on maturation in sporophyte fragments from Ecklonia cava (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales) under various laboratory light and temperature conditions
Authors: Iwao Toyoki , Yamaguchi Takashi , Kurashima Akira , Maegawa Miyuki 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYFragments of Ecklonia cava Kjellman were cultured under controlled laboratory conditions of light irradiance, water temperature, and photoperiod. To clarify the relationship between the maturation of E. cava and the photosynthetic products, laminaran, the content in the fragments was measured with the progress of maturation. The culture conditions ranged from 12.5 to 100 µmol m−2 s−1, 10–25°C, and 14 : 10 h LD (light : dark) to 10 : 14 h LD. In the case of low light conditions, despite an optimum temperature for maturation, the fragments did not form sori and laminaran was not accumulated during the culture period. In the case of sufficient light and non‐optimum temperature conditions, the fragments did not form sori, but laminaran was accumulated. When the fragments were cultured under optimum light and temperature conditions for maturation, laminaran was accumulated in the early stage of maturation, just before or after cortex of the bladelets thickened, and decreased with the progress of maturation, and all fragments matured regardless of the length of the photoperiod. So, these results support the idea that laminaran is used as the main respiratory substrate in the maturation of E. cava.