bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic effects of tetramethylpyrazine nitrone in rat ischemic stroke models
Authors: Sun Yewei , Yu Pei , Zhang Gaoxiao , Wang Liang , Zhong Haijing , Zhai Ziyuan , Wang Linda , Wang Yuqiang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFree radical‐mediated neuronal cell damage is an important pathological process in ischemic stroke. We have previously reported a novel dual‐functional agent, 2‐[[(1,1‐dimethylethyl)oxidoimino]‐methyl]‐3,5,6‐trimethylpyrazine (TBN), a derivative of tetramethylpyrazine armed with anitrone moiety. In this report, we further evaluate TBN'stherapeutic parameters in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Its abilities to cross the blood–brain barrier, scavenge free radicals, and inhibitCa2+ influx were also investigated. TBN showed significant activity in both the transient MCAO (t‐MCAO) and permanent MCAO (p‐MCAO) stroke models in the rat. The therapeutic time window is 8 hr in the t‐MCAO model. TBN readily crossed the blood–brain barrier and in vitro had strong activity in neutralizing ·OH, O−
2·, and ONOO− and significantly decreased intracellular Ca2+concentration. TBN is a promising new treatment forischemic stroke, with multiple mechanisms of action. It blocks Ca2+ overload and neutralizes ·OH, O−2·, and ONOO−. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of nutritional quality between conventional and organic dairy products: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Palupi Eny , Jayanegara Anuraga , Ploeger Angelika , Kahl Johannes 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAs a contribution to the debate on the comparison of nutritional quality between conventional versus organic products, the present study would like to provide new results on this issue specifically on dairy products by integrating the last 3 years' studies using a meta‐analysis approach with Hedges' d effect size method. The current meta‐analysis shows that organic dairy products contain significantly higher protein, ALA, total omega‐3 fatty acid, cis‐9,trans‐11 conjugated linoleic acid, trans‐11 vaccenic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, and docosapentanoic acid than those of conventional types, with cumulative effect size ( ± 95% confidence interval) of 0.56 ± 0.24, 1.74 ± 0.16, 0.84 ± 0.14, 0.68 ± 0.13, 0.51 ± 0.16, 0.42 ± 0.23, and 0.71 ± 0.3, respectively. It is also observed that organic dairy products have significantly (P < 0.001) higher omega‐3 to ‐6 ratio (0.42 vs. 0.23) and Δ9‐desaturase index (0.28 vs. 0.27) than the conventional types. The current regulation on organic farming indeed drives organic farms to production of organic dairy products with different nutritional qualities from conventional ones. The differences in feeding regime between conventional and organic dairy production is suspected as the reason behind this evidence. Further identical meta‐analysis may be best applicable for summarizing a comparison between conventional and organic foodstuffs for other aspects and food categories. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Antimicrobial activity of saponin‐rich fraction from Camellia oleifera cake and its effect on cell viability of mouse macrophage RAW 264.7
Authors: Hu Jie‐Lun , Nie Shao‐Ping , Huang Dan‐Fei , Li Chang , Xie Ming‐Yong , Wan Yin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: As a by‐product of oil production, several million tons of Camellia oleifera cake is discarded every year in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a saponin‐rich fraction isolated from C. oleifera cake and investigate its effect on the cell viability of RAW 264.7, a macrophage‐like cell line present in almost all mouse tissues.RESULTS: The saponin‐rich fraction was isolated from C. oleifera cake in several steps and had a saponin content of 95.42 ± 0.10% (w/w). It showed significant inhibitory activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and the fungi Mucor racemosus, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus stolonifer, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillium glaucum, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 31.3, 31.3, 62.5, 250, 250, 250, 31.3 and 125 µg ml−1 respectively. In addition, mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 pretreated with the saponin‐rich fraction (80–200 µg mL−1) exhibited a significant loss of cell viability in a dose‐dependent manner.CONCLUSION: These results may be useful for the future application of saponins from C. oleifera cake. However, the potential use of the saponin‐rich fraction as an antimicrobial agent should be decided according to the target micro‐organisms in order to avoid causing harm in humans. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of location in the canopy on the colour development of three apple cultivars during growth
Authors: Unuk Tatjana , Tijskens LMM (Pol) , Germšek Blaž , Zadravec Peter , Vogrin Andrej , Hribar Janez , Simčič Marjan , Tojnko Stanislav 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Homogeneity in appearance is one of the quality aspects asked for in the supply chain. Decreasing the biological variation in batches of harvested apples (cultivars Braeburn, Fuji and Gala) becomes increasingly important. Skin colour is one of the aspects that determine both optimal harvest and stage of development. Skin colour is affected by location in the canopy. The rules of development of biological variation are now established and will be used on skin colour data.RESULTS: The Minolta colour aspects a*, b* and L* measured before commercial harvest change in a sigmoidal fashion and can be analysed including the biological variation, with a logistic model in indexed nonlinear regression, obtaining explained parts of above 90%. The mechanism of colour change is not affected by state of development or location in the canopy. The location in the canopy affects the intensity of both red and green colouring compounds. The variation in colouration is not affected by the location in the canopy.CONCLUSION: The red‐coloured apple cultivar (Gala) depends more on the location in the canopy than the less‐coloured cultivars (Fuji and Braeburn). The colour development in Fuji apples is considerably slower, with a much larger variation in stage of development. The location in the canopy affects all aspects of biological variation (biological shift factor and asymptotic starting level of colouration) for all three colour aspects L*, a* and b*, but only the mean value, not the standard deviation. The biological shift factors per colour aspects are linearly related. Once induced, variation remains constant during development. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermally Cross‐Linkable Poly(p‐xylylene)s for Advanced Low‐Dielectric Applications
Authors: Mulpuri Syamkumar V. , Shin Boo‐Gyo , Bognitzki Michael , Greiner Andreas , Yoon Do Y. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA novel series of poly(p‐xylylene) homopolymer and copolymers containing thermally cross‐linkable cyclohexenyl moiety are prepared via base‐catalyzed Gilch route to yield high‐molecular‐weight polymers. The resulting polymers are highly soluble in a wide range of organic solvents and could be solution cast into flexible and transparent films. The polymers are thermally stable up to 350 °C and the glass transition temperature (Tg) is in the range of 136 − 250 °C. They undergo thermal cross‐linking via the cyclohexenyl moiety. The cross‐linked polymer exhibits a high Tg of 294 °C, a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 45 ppm K−1. A low dielectric constant of 2.5 and a very low dielectric loss tan δ of 0.0004 at 1 GHz are obtained, which are superior to conventional interconnect polymers.
Synthesis and Characterization of a 2,4,6‐Tri(2‐thienyl)pyridine‐Based Conjugated Polymer for OFET Applications
Authors: Cao Kangli , Sun Xiangnan , Zhang Qing , Liu Yunqi 
Published: March 2012

Abstract2,4,6‐Tri(2‐thienyl)pyridine is used to synthesize the new conjugated polymer PBDTTPy for OFET applications. The concept of introducing electron‐deficient pyridine repeating units and meta‐linked structures into a conjugated polymer to reduce its HOMO energy level and thereby increase its ambient stability is tested. The absorption spectrum of the polymer thin film displays a large bathochromic shift compared with its solution absorption spectrum. The polymer PBDTTPy shows a typical amorphous structure in the solid state. The first OFET device based on a conjugated polymer with meta‐linked trithienylpyridine units is reported. PBDTTPy exhibits p‐type transport under ambient conditions in a bottom‐gate, top‐contact OFET device with a mobility of 2.4 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Red‐Emitting Dendritic Iridium(III) Complexes for Solution Processable Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Qin Tianshi , Ding Junqiao , Baumgarten Martin , Wang Lixiang , Müllen Klaus 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFunctionalization of a red phosphorescent iridium(III) complex core surrounded by rigid polyphenylene dendrons with a hole‐transporting triphenylamine surface allows to prevent the intermolecular aggregation‐induced emission quenching, improves charge recombination, and therefore enhances photo‐ and electroluminescence efficiencies of dendrimer in solid state. These multifunctional shape‐persistent dendrimers provide a new pathway to design highly efficient solution processable materials for phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs).
A Fully Substituted 3‐Silolene Functions as Promising Building Block for Hyperbranched Poly(Silylenevinylene)
Authors: Zhao Zujin , Guo Yanju , Jiang Tao , Chang Zhengfeng , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Xu Liwen , Qiu Huayu , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA 3‐silolene derivative, 2,2,5,5‐tetrakis(dimethylsilyl)‐1,1‐dimethyl‐3,4‐diphenyl‐3‐silolene (TDMSHS), is first synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffraction crystallography and spectroscopic methods. Hydrosilylation polymerization of TDMSHS with 1,1‐dimethyl‐2,5‐bis(4‐ethynylphenyl)‐3,4‐diphenylsilole in the presence of Karstedt's catalyst generates a stereoregular silole‐containing hyperbranched poly(silylenevinylene) (hb‐SPSV) with a high molecular weight ($\overline{M}_{\rm w}$ = 146 000, $\overline{M}_{\rm w}$/$\overline{M}_{\rm n}$ = 1.5) in high yield (≈95%). hb‐SPSV exhibits excellent thermal stability and strong fluorescence, and the emission of its aggregates in aqueous mixture can be quenched efficiently by picric acid with large quenching constants KSV up to 414400 M−1.
Fragment Informatics and Computational Fragment‐Based Drug Design: An Overview and Update
Authors: Sheng Chunquan , Zhang Wannian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFragment‐based drug design (FBDD) is a promising approach for the discovery and optimization of lead compounds. Despite its successes, FBDD also faces some internal limitations and challenges. FBDD requires a high quality of target protein and good solubility of fragments. Biophysical techniques for fragment screening necessitate expensive detection equipment and the strategies for evolving fragment hits to leads remain to be improved. Regardless, FBDD is necessary for investigating larger chemical space and can be applied to challenging biological targets. In this scenario, cheminformatics and computational chemistry can be used as alternative approaches that can significantly improve the efficiency and success rate of lead discovery and optimization. Cheminformatics and computational tools assist FBDD in a very flexible manner. Computational FBDD can be used independently or in parallel with experimental FBDD for efficiently generating and optimizing leads. Computational FBDD can also be integrated into each step of experimental FBDD and help to play a synergistic role by maximizing its performance. This review will provide critical analysis of the complementarity between computational and experimental FBDD and highlight recent advances in new algorithms and successful examples of their applications. In particular, fragment‐based cheminformatics tools, high‐throughput fragment docking, and fragment‐based de novo drug design will provide the focus of this review. We will also discuss the advantages and limitations of different methods and the trends in new developments that should inspire future research.
Minimizing the total weighted delivery time in container transportation scheduling
Authors: Lee Kangbok , Choi Byung‐Cheon , Leung Joseph Y‐T. , Pinedo Michael L. , Briskorn Dirk 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe consider the problem of transporting containers from one port to another using a fleet of ships. Each ship has a capacity constraint that limits the total number of containers it can carry; each ship calls on a specific set of ports that is referred to as its route and each ship follows a fixed route with a fixed departure time at each port. Each container has a release date, that is, the date when it becomes available for shipping at its origination port; it cannot be loaded onto a ship before its release date. Also, each container has an importance factor referred to as its weight. The delivery time of a container is defined as the time when the container is delivered by a ship at its destination port. We consider the problem of minimizing the total weighted delivery times over all containers. We consider three scenarios with regard to the routes of the ships, namely, (i) identical routes, (ii) nested routes, and (iii) arbitrary routes. We determine the computational complexity of the problems and provide heuristics with their worst‐case analyses. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012
ARF suppresses hepatic vascular neoplasia in a carcinogen‐exposed murine model
Authors: Busch Stephanie E , Gurley Kay E , Moser Russell D , Kemp Christopher J 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHepatic haemangiosarcoma is a deadly malignancy whose aetiology remains poorly understood. Inactivation of the CDKN2A locus, which houses the ARF and p16INK4a tumour suppressor genes, is a common event in haemangiosarcoma patients, but the precise role of ARF in vascular tumourigenesis is unknown. To determine the extent to which ARF suppresses vascular neoplasia, we examined the incidence of hepatic vascular lesions in Arf‐deficient mice exposed to the carcinogen urethane [intraperitoneal (i.p.), 1 mg/g]. Loss of Arf resulted in elevated morbidity and increased the incidence of both haemangiomas and incipient haemangiosarcomas. Suppression of vascular lesion development by ARF was heavily dependent on both Arf gene‐dosage and the genetic strain of the mouse. Trp53‐deficient mice also developed hepatic vascular lesions after exposure to urethane, suggesting that ARF signals through a p53‐dependent pathway to inhibit the development of hepatic haemangiosarcoma. Our findings provide strong evidence that inactivation of Arf is a causative event in vascular neoplasia and suggest that the ARF pathway may be a novel molecular target for therapeutic intervention in haemangiosarcoma patients. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intracranial translucency at 11–13 weeks of gestation: prospective evaluation and reproducibility of measurements
Authors: Adiego Begoña , Illescas Tamara , Martinez‐Ten Pilar , Bermejo Carmina , Perez‐Pedregosa Javier , Wong Amy E. , Sepulveda Waldo 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis paper aimed to determine the feasibility of identification and measurement reproducibility of intracranial translucency (IT) in our population.MethodsThis is a prospective study in which five accredited operators attempted to identify and measure the IT during first‐trimester sonographic screening for aneuploidy in 990 fetuses. The presence or absence of spina bifida was determined at the time of the second‐trimester scan or after birth. Measurement reproducibility was assessed through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) on a subgroup of 150 fetuses.ResultsIdentification and measurement of the IT were possible in 961 (97%) cases. The mean IT anteroposterior diameter was 1.8 mm (SD ± 0.37; range 0.8–3.1), and the size increased linearly with advancing gestation (IT = 0.74 + 0.02 × crown–rump length; r2 = 0.15, p < 0.0001). The only fetus with spina bifida in this series presented with absent IT. Intra‐observer and inter‐observer ICCs were 0.79 and 0.75, respectively (95% confidence intervals 0.72–0.84 and 0.67–0.81, respectively; both p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe IT increases linearly with increasing crown–rump length and seems to be of value in the first‐trimester detection of spina bifida. It is easy to identify and measure and shows excellent intra‐observer and inter‐observer reproducibility measurements. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of reference equations for spirometry in japanese children aged 6–18 years
Authors: Takase Masato , Sakata Hiroshi , Shikada Masahiro , Tatara Katsuyoshi , Fukushima Takayoshi , Miyakawa Tomoo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundSpirometry is the most widely used pulmonary function test and the measured values of spirometric parameters need to be evaluated using reference values predicted for the corresponding race, sex, age, and height. However, none of the existing reference equations for Japanese children covers the entire age range of 6–18 years. The Japanese Society of Pediatric Pulmonology had organized a working group in 2006, in order to develop a new set of national standard reference equations for commonly used spirometric parameters that are applicable through the age range of 6–18 years.MethodsQuality assured spirometric data were collected through 2006–2008, from 14 institutions in Japan. We applied multiple regression analysis, using age in years (A), square of age (A2), height in meters (H), square of height (H2), and the product of age and height (AH) as explanatory variables to predict forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the FVC (FEF25–75%), instantaneous forced expiratory flow when 50% (FEF50%) or 75% (FEF75%) of the FVC have been expired.ResultsFinally, 1,296 tests (674 boys, 622 girls) formed the reference data set. Distributions of the percent predicted values did not differ by ages, confirming excellent fit of the prediction equations throughout the entire age range from 6 to 18 years. Cut‐off values (around 5 percentile points) for the parameters were also determined.ConclusionsWe recommend the use of this new set of prediction equations together with suggested cut‐off values, for assessment of spirometry in Japanese children and adolescents. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:35–44. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Severe central sleep apnea in a child with leukemia on chronic methadone therapy
Authors: Amos Louella B. , D'Andrea Lynn A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe describe a child with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who developed severe central sleep apnea (CSA) on methadone therapy for chronic pain management. His chemotherapy‐related cerebral atrophy and renal insufficiency with impaired methadone clearance may have also contributed to the severity of his sleep‐disordered breathing. Maintenance methadone treatment is not a common pediatric practice; therefore, the adverse effects of methadone therapy, including CSA, are rarely reported in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:85–87. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pulmonary function and airway responsiveness in young competitive swimmers
Authors: Silvestri Michela , Crimi Emanuele , Oliva Simona , Senarega Daniela , Tosca Maria Angela , Rossi Giovanni A. , Brusasco Vito 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRationaleStrong physical activities are often associated with large lung volumes and relatively reduced flow, which may represent a physiological variant but also an obstructive abnormality. Competitive swimmers have also spirometric values even larger than other athletes, although they are at increased risk for asthma or airway hyperresponsiveness.AimWe aimed to investigate whether lung volumes increase with duration of swimming training and are related to an obstructive abnormality associated with airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma‐like symptoms.MethodsForced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), airway responsiveness, and skin prick test were measured in 34 children/adolescents (age: 7–19 yrs old) trained for competitive swimming. Their “lifetime” exposure, i.e., the hours spent in pool was very strongly correlated with their age at the time of study. The effect of swimming activity was therefore estimated from the relationships between lung function data and age.ResultsFVC Z‐score was positively correlated with age, indicating that absolute values increased more than expected with normal growth, but FEV1/FVC was negatively correlated with age. Although the majority of subjects had allergic sensitization to aeroallergens and about one half had asthma‐like symptoms and/or airway hyperresponsiveness, these conditions did not alter the relationships between lung function and age.ConclusionIntense swimming activity may cause a greater than normal lung growth, irrespective of the presence of allergic sensitization or airway hyperresponsiveness. The associated reduction of FEV1/FVC may represent a physiological variant rather than a true obstructive abnormality. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:74–80. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flexible bronchoscopy in managing a child with pulmonary hydatid disease
Authors: Burgess Christopher , Masters I. Brent , Francis Paul , Grimwood Keith , Chang Anne B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFew articles have described the airway management of parenchymal lung hydatid cysts complicated by endobronchial or airway involvement, and none have described the use of flexible bronchoscopy (FB) therapeutically in children. We present a child with a ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst who underwent repeated FB for removal of cystic material from an obstructed right upper lobe segmental bronchus. This child did not require thoracic surgery and made a full clinical recovery, demonstrating that in selected cases FB may offer curative treatment. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:1140–1142. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of buprofezin and diflubenzuron on various developmental stages of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri
Authors: Tiwari Siddharth , Clayson Paul J , Kuhns Emily H , Stelinski Lukasz L 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Diaphorina citri populations in Florida are developing resistance to commonly used neurotoxic insecticides. Alternatives to neurotoxins, such as insect growth regulators, are needed to control this season‐long subtropical pest to prevent or delay development of insecticide resistance. In the present investigation, two insect growth regulators (IGRs), buprofezin and diflubenzuron, were evaluated against various developmental stages of D. citri.RESULTS: The 0–1‐day‐old D. citri eggs were more susceptible to buprofezin and diflubenzuron than the 3–4‐day‐old eggs. Adult emergence was completely suppressed by treating first‐ or third‐instar nymphs with buprofezin or diflubenzuron at 30–240 or 23–184 µg mL−1 rates respectively. Treatment of fifth‐instar nymphs with diflubenzuron at a rate of 184 µg mL−1 and with buprofezin at 30–240 µg mL−1 rates resulted in approximately 20 and 15–80% reductions in adult emergence respectively. The mean number of eggs per plant was reduced at 5 days after topical treatment with diflubenzuron. Mean egg hatch per plant was reduced at 5 and 6–15 days after topical treatments with buprofezin and diflubenzuron respectively.CONCLUSION: Buprofezin and diflubenzuron effectively suppressed D. citri adult emergence. D. citri were more susceptible as early (first–third‐instar) than late (fifth‐instar) nymphs. Both IGRs inhibited egg production and egg hatch. Reduction in the number of subsequent offspring suggests reduced vertical transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the pathogen thought to cause citrus greening disease. The present results indicate that both IGRs tested here should be effective tools for rotation in insecticide‐based D. citri management programs. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry