bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Setting up a 30 MeV high current cyclotron facility in Kolkata
Authors: Dey Malay Kanti , Bhandari Rakesh Kumar 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA 30 MeV proton cyclotron facility is being set up by this centre in Kolkata. This high current cyclotron will be used to produce PET (Positron Emission Tomography and SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) isotopes for medical diagnostics purposes. Two beams will be simultaneously extractable from the cyclotron, which is the Cyclone‐30 model of IBA, Belgium. The beams can be of different energy and intensity. There will be several beam lines for utilization of the beam. Two beam lines are being dedicated for SPECT and one for PET isotope production. In addition, there will be one dedicated beam line for material science and chemistry research. A fifth beam line, which will bend the beam vertically down into a basement cave, will be utilized for dedicated experiments for R&D on windows for high power beams. Several hot cells are being provided for SPECT and PET isotope radiochemistry works. In addition, hot cells are being provided for research experiments also. This facility, when is operation around the middle of 2010, will offer unique opportunities for R&D in the area of radiochemistry, material science, isotope production and their applications etc. In this presentation details of the facility and its utilization will be presented. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of free volume on the mechanical properties of epoxy based composites: A correlation study
Authors: Altaweel Abdullah M. A. M. , Ravikumar H. B. , Ranganathaiah C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEpoxy resins need toughening for enhancement of their usage in various applications. The commonly used rubber for toughening epoxies is silicones. In the present study, the effect of Amine containing silicones (ACS) as modifiers and hollow micro sphere such as cenospheres as fillers on DGEBA epoxy resin is studied. To understand the microstructure and its influence on the mechanical properties, free volume measurements have been carried out using Positron Annihilation Lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The positron results indicate that the mechanical properties like tensile strength and modulus have a significant dependence on free volume. Attempts to correlate the available free volume with chain mobility and mechanical properties have led to the the general belief that any process, which reduces free volume, increases tensile strength and similar change in tensile modulus. From positron data it was observed that both free volume hole size, Vf and fractional free volume, Fv decreases as the cenospheres wt% increased up to 30 wt% and a slight increase thereafter in the siliconized epoxy composite. The tensile strength of cenospheres filled composite shows moderate increase of about 17.5% while an opposite trend is observed in fractional free volume which is on the expected lines. However tensile modulus exhibits behaviour different from tensile strength. This may be possibly due to low density of the fillers and the also the characteristics of epoxies as far as mechanical properties are concerned. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The influence of stratospheric potential vorticity on baroclinic instability
Authors: Smy L. A. , Scott R. K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article examines the dynamical coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere by considering the effect of direct perturbations to stratospheric potential vorticity on the evolution of midlatitude baroclinic instability in a simple extension of an Eady model. A simulation in which stratospheric potential vorticity is exactly zero is used as a control case, and both zonally symmetric and asymmetric perturbations to the stratospheric potential vorticity are then considered, the former representative of a strong polar vortex, the latter representative of the stratospheric state following a major sudden warming. Both types of stratospheric perturbation result in significant changes to the synoptic‐scale evolution of surface temperature, as well as to zonally and globally averaged tropospheric quantities. In the case of a zonally symmetric perturbation, the linear growth rate of all unstable modes decreases with increasing perturbation amplitude. Initial growth rates in cases with significant asymmetric perturbations are also weaker than those of the control case, but final eddy kinetic energy values are much larger due to the growth of low zonal wavenumbers triggered by the initial stratospheric perturbation. A comparison of the zonally symmetric and asymmetric perturbations gives some insight into the possible influence of pre‐ or post‐sudden‐warming conditions on tropospheric evolution. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Wind profiler analysis of the African Easterly Jet in relation with the boundary layer and the Saharan heat‐low
Authors: Kalapureddy M. C. R. , Lothon M. , Campistron B. , Lohou F. , Saïd F. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWind profiler measurements in Niger and Benin during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis project are used to study the intraseasonal variability of the low and mid troposphere at several time‐scales. We focus on the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and its interaction with the Saharan Heat‐Low (HL) and the planetary boundary layer (PBL).We find a pronounced diurnal cycle of the AEJ, characterised by a decrease of wind speed during the afternoon, reaching a minimum at 1800 UTC of about 15–20% of the daily average during the pre‐onset period. This decrease is out of phase with the HL intensity, but in phase with the daytime turbulent mixing associated with the PBL. The interaction between the PBL and mid‐troposphere is likely responsible for this daily decrease of the AEJ.During the transition periods (dry to wet or wet to dry), the HL seems to govern the AEJ; however, slightly before the monsoon onset, it has no direct influence on the jet. During that time, we find smaller AEJ wind speed for deeper PBL, as found at the diurnal time‐scale. This is consistent with the still large surface heating at that time, which favours deep PBL growth, with a top inversion often higher than the shear layer between the monsoon and the easterlies. After the monsoon onset, deep convection, African Easterly Waves (AEWs) and dry intrusions make the synoptic environment complex and blur the interaction between AEJ and PBL. We still find weaker AEJ for deeper PBL, but likely without a direct connection between them. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Obstacles to sustainable development: the destabilization of climate change knowledge
Authors: Ryghaug Marianne 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe appropriation of climate change knowledge may be a very important factor for promoting radical changes towards sustainable development. By studying three sets of actors, the science community, the media and the political community, the author reveals how climate change knowledge and politics is stabilized and destabilized in Norway. The article provides an analysis of the opposing forces that appear to mould climate change policy in Norway. The article suggests that policy follows up on the recommendations of the research community only to a small extent, even though it believes its conclusions. By reference to the literature on co‐production, the article demonstrates that the climate science so far has not managed to stabilize the climate policy because (1) mass media contributes to maintaining several (and often opposing) climate discourses, (2) the dialogue between science and policy does not function well, (3) there is a lack of institutions where climate policy meets climate science, (4) the identity of ‘climate politician’ does not exist among decision‐makers and (5) the representations of climate knowledge have an unclear relationship with the representations of the climate policy scientific controversy created by the media, which destabilize the climate change knowledge. Based on these findings, the author argues that it is fruitful to study sustainable development within a co‐productionist framework, as the development and behaviours of individuals, institutions and organizations on which sustainable development is dependent is often ‘co‐produced’ by different actors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Sustainable development paths: investigating the roots of local policy responses to climate change
Authors: Burch Sarah 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAs the implications of a changing climate come into focus, attention must shift to effectively stimulating action in response to this dramatically pervasive phenomenon. Responses to climate change, however, are embedded in institutional procedures, technological pathways and cultural practices that are characterized by deep inertia. By paying express attention to linkages among disciplines, this paper takes steps towards contributing a richer definition of the development path concept, identifying realms of inquiry that may together be called a ‘development path’ literature and discussing ways in which this sheds light on effective responses to global climate change. This paper reveals the value of fundamentally inter‐disciplinary approaches to climate change responses, the necessity of a deeper understanding of the context of action on climate change and the ubiquity of path dependence. Rooted in the underlying socio‐technical, institutional and socio‐cultural development paths, barriers to action may best be addressed through contextually specific, inter‐disciplinary analyses of collective human behaviour. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A European scheme for software process improvement manager training and certification
Authors: Nevalainen Risto , Schweigert Tomas 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSoftware process improvement (SPI) can be seen as a profession, having its own competence needs and its own community of interest. European projects EQN and EU Cert have defined skills sets and a common certification scheme for about 20 professions, mainly in IT domain. A common way to describe IT domain from process perspective is concept ‘3S’ (software, systems, services). Software process can be seen as the first spearhead among these. First software process models, such as Capability Maturity Model (CMM) and SPICE, have existed already about 20 years. That is also the main reason to start process improvement profession from software processes, because we have much experience in that. Software Process Improvement Manager (SPI Manager) is one of new topics in EU Cert project. Development of SPI Manager training and certification scheme has been done in many small steps so far. This paper explains the current structure and main components of SPI Manager competences, training needs and certification scheme. Several other schemes will be developed in future for PI‐related competences. Current version of SPI Manager skills set is based mainly on software, systems and service processes and their related reference models. It could be used in future also in other domains than IT. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Vázquez Manuel , Delgado Raúl , Castro Agustín Jaime 
Published: October 2009

AbstractStarch hydrolysates containing glucose can be obtained from potato (Solanum tuberosum). Acid hydrolysis generates a solution that must be neutralized to be used for fermentative purposes while an enzymatic hydrolysis generates a glucose solution which can be used without further treatments. This work deals with the modelling of the enzymatic hydrolysis of dried potatoes with α‐amylase and glucoamylase with temperature, time, activity units/substrate ratio and α‐amylase activity fraction as operational variables and released glucose concentration as dependent variable. The model obtained showed that the optimal conditions were 70ºC, 60 min; 74 activity units/g substrate and 0.13 α‐amylase activity U/total U fraction. Using these conditions, a glucose concentration of 38.9 g/L was predicted which corresponded well with an experimental value of 38.0 ± 0.5 g/L. The model obtained can be used in the development of processes for the hydrolysis‐fermentation of potato for the production of food additives or ethanol.
Starch‐Soybean Oil Composites With High Oil: Starch Ratios Prepared By Steam Jet Cooking
Authors: Fanta George F. , Felker Frederick C. , Byars Jeffrey A. , Kenar James A. , Shogren Randal L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAqueous mixtures of soybean oil and starch were jet cooked at oil: starch ratios ranging from 0.5:1 to 4:1 to yield dispersions of micron‐sized oil droplets that were coated with a thin layer of starch at the oil‐water interface. The jet cooked dispersions were then centrifuged at 2060 and 10,800×g, the buoyant, high‐oil fractions that rose to the surface were isolated, and the size distributions of the oil droplets were determined. Experiments were conducted with normal dent, waxy, and high‐amylose corn starches; and oleic acid was added during jet cooking to form helical inclusion complexes with amylose. With normal dent and waxy corn starches, nearly all of the oil was recovered in the buoyant layers, and only small amounts of oil were found in the aqueous mid layers and settled solids. Oil droplet diameters in the buoyant layers obtained with normal dent and waxy corn starch ranged from under 5 µm to over 50 µm. Centrifugation at high versus low relative centrifugal force produced only minor differences in the droplet size distributions. With high‐amylose starch, microscopy showed that most of the oil droplets were entrapped within aggregates of sub‐micron particles that were apparently formed from amylose‐oleic acid inclusion complexes when the dispersions were cooled. Droplet sizes increased with an increase in the oil: starch ratio, and decreased when oleic acid was added during jet cooking.
Estimation of the Intrinsic Birefringence of the A, B and V Crystalline Forms of Amylose
Authors: Shogren Randal L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOptical birefringence (Δn) for A, B, Va, Vh amylose crystals were calculated by vector summation of bond polarizabilities. Orientation of the O‐H bond vectors in these amylose crystals is not well understood so results were given for a range of O‐H conformers. For B amylose, Δn was calculated to be 0.043‐0.058 for the Wu and Sarko crystal structure, while Δn = 0.0‐0.01 for the now widely accepted crystal structure of Imberty and Perez. This latter estimate is somewhat lower than experimental values of 0.031‐0.037 determined previously for highly oriented amylose films. Reasons for the discrepancy may include uncertainty in empirical polarizability parameters or neglect of contributions from amorphous components and water. Predicted values of Δn for A amylose were similar to B amylose while Δn for V amyloses were smaller (‐0.04‐0.0). These estimates of the intrinsic birefringence of amylose crystals should be helpful in estimating the degree of orientation for starch films/fibers and in better understanding the molecular origins of birefringence of oriented starch.
Efficient detection of public key infrastructure‐based revoked keys in mobilead hocnetworks
Authors: Misra Sudip , Goswami Sumit , Pathak Gyan Prakash , Shah Nirav 
Published: October 2009

AbstractKey revocation involves secure and efficient managing of the information about compromised keys. Spreading the information of revoked keys to the receivers of the key is a challenging task in public key infrastructure (PKI). PKI is more suitable for wired Internet infrastructure and lacks any tailor‐made protocols for extension over anad hocnetwork. The paper presents a MobileAd hocKey Revocation Server (MAKeRS) scheme which proposes to improve the performance and reliability of the system. Simulation shows that the concept presented in the paper is more reliable, faster, and scalable than the existing usage of PKI overAd hocnetworks. It proposes auto‐creation of zone of network availability (ZoNA) by each MAKeRS, which holds the revocation list and is the best service provider in its zone. A node automatically updates the identity of the key revocation server when it enters a new ZoNA. Each node maintains a list of identities of the key revocation servers sorted in order of their communication overhead. This list is regularly updated based on the broadcast from the servers and also gets modified based on the mobility of nodes and servers. The various scenarios of mobility of nodes and servers are considered and the scheme is designed to suit such scenarios in an optimum way. It reduces the time to gain information about the revocation list and ensures availability and, thus, improvement of the system as a whole. Hence, the proposed system results in scalable, reliable, and faster PKI infrastructure and will be attractive for the mobileAd hocnetwork (MANET) users who frequently connect to the Internet for secured transactions. We discuss the architecture as well as the performance of our scheme compared to the popular existing scheme. However, our scheme does not call for the entire change in PKI, but is compatible with the existing scheme. Our simulations show that the proposed scheme is better for key revocation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Image overlay navigation by markerless surface registration in gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery
Authors: Sugimoto Maki , Yasuda Hideki , Koda Keiji , Suzuki Masato , Yamazaki Masato , Tezuka Tohru , Kosugi Chihiro , Higuchi Ryota , Watayo Yoshihisa , Yagawa Yohsuke , Uemura Shuichiro , Tsuchiya Hironori , Azuma Takeshi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundWe applied a new concept of “image overlay surgery” consisting of the integration of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technology, in which dynamic 3D images were superimposed on the patient's actual body surface and evaluated as a reference for surgical navigation in gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.MethodsWe carried out seven surgeries, including three cholecystectomies, two gastrectomies and two colectomies. A Macintosh and a DICOM workstation OsiriX were used in the operating room for image analysis. Raw data of the preoperative patient information obtained via MDCT were reconstructed to volume rendering and projected onto the patient's body surface during the surgeries. For accurate registration, OsiriX was first set to reproduce the patient body surface, and the positional coordinates of the umbilicus, left and right nipples, and the inguinal region were fixed as physiological markers on the body surface to reduce the positional error.ResultsThe registration process was non‐invasive and markerlesss, and was completed within 5 min. Image overlay navigation was helpful for 3D anatomical understanding of the surgical target in the gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic anatomies. The surgeon was able to minimize movement of the gaze and could utilize the image assistance without interfering with the forceps operation, reducing the gap from the VR. Unexpected organ injury could be avoided in all procedures. In biliary surgery, the projected virtual cholangiogram on the abdominal wall could advance safely with identification of the bile duct. For early gastric and colorectal cancer, the small tumors and blood vessels, which usually could not be found on the gastric serosa by laparoscopic view, were simultaneously detected on the body surface by carbon dioxide‐enhanced MDCT. This provided accurate reconstructions of the tumor and involved lymph node, directly linked with optimization of the surgical procedures.ConclusionsOur non‐invasive markerless registration using physiological markers on the body surface reduced logistical efforts. The image overlay technique is a useful tool when highlighting hidden structures, giving more information.
Provision of Genetic Services for Hearing Loss: Results from a National Survey and Comparison to Insights Obtained from Previous Focus Group Discussions
Authors: Withrow Kara Anne , Tracy Kelly A. , Burton Sarah K. , Norris Virginia W. , Maes Hermine H. , Arnos Kathleen S. , Pandya Arti 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHearing loss is a common sensory deficit and more than 50% of affected individuals have a genetic etiology. The discovery of 40 genes and more than 100 loci involved in hearing loss has made genetic testing for some of these genes widely available. Genetic services for deafness are also being sought more often due to the early identification of hearing loss through newborn screening services. The motivations for pursuing genetic testing, and how genetic services are provided to the client may differ among individuals. Additionally, information obtained through genetic testing can be perceived and used in different ways by parents of deaf children and deaf adults. This study aimed to follow up on focus group studies published earlier with a quantitative survey instrument and assess the preference of consumers for provision of genetic services. We conducted a national survey of hearing and deaf parents of children with hearing loss and of deaf adults. Data was compared and analyzed by hearing status of the participant, their community affiliation and the genetic testing status using nominal logistic regression. Consistent with our focus group results, the survey participants thought that a genetic counselor/geneticist would be the most appropriate professional to provide genetics services. Statistically significant differences were noted in the preferred choice of provider based on the genetic testing status. Parents preferred that genetic evaluation, including testing, occur either immediately at or a few months after the audiologic diagnosis of hearing loss. This data should help providers in clinical genetics keep patient preferences at the helm and provide culturally competent services.
A Balancing Act—Telehealth Cancer Genetics and Practitioners’ Experiences of a Triadic Consultation
Authors: Zilliacus Elvira , Meiser Bettina , Lobb Elizabeth , Barlow‐Stewart Kristine , Tucker Katherine 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTelehealth is increasingly used for outreach service in cancer genetic counseling; however what occurs during the consultation and the roles practitioners adopt is largely unknown. Fifteen practitioners participated in semi‐structured interviews that explored their roles within telehealth, compared to face‐to‐face consultations, and the relationship between practitioners during telehealth. As they were not physically present with the patient, most participants felt that telehealth altered the genetic clinician's role to one of a ‘visiting specialist’. Genetic counselors described undertaking multiple roles during the telehealth process. Two models of interaction were observed. The medical model reduced the interaction to a dyadic consultation by having the genetic counselor off‐screen and included minimal clinician meetings and supervision. The triadic co‐facilitation model incorporated a high level of information exchange, counselor autonomy and included the counselor onscreen. The co‐facilitation model offers a useful framework for telehealth genetic counselling, offering complementary roles between practitioners and efficient service delivery.