bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A kinetic study on extraction and transformation phenomena of phenolic compounds during red wine fermentation
Authors: Zanoni Bruno , Siliani Silvia , Canuti Valentina , Rosi Iolanda , Bertuccioli Mario 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe aim of this work was both to model the kinetics of the extraction and transformation of phenolic compounds during fermentation and to propose an index to compare fermentation procedures. Six lots of Sangiovese grapes from five vineyards were used for red wine fermentation tests on lab and industrial scale during 2005 and 2006 vintages. Total phenol index, colour parameters, anthocyanin and pigmented polymer contents were measured during fermentations as variables related to phenolics. Microvinifications performed during vintage 2005 were used to model the evolution of total phenol index at 280 nm, malvidine content, colour parameter a* and pigmented polymer content during fermentation. Vinifications performed during vintage 2006 were used to validate the models. A specific adimensional number, called equivalent index, was set up to specify the operating conditions of red wine fermentation being a function of the extraction and transformation phenomena of phenolic compounds.
Physico‐chemical properties of starches from Indian kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars
Authors: Wani Idrees A. , Sogi Dalbir S. , Wani Ali A. , Gill Balmeet S. , Shivhare Uma S. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryStarches isolated from four Kidney bean cultivars (French Yellow, Contender, Master Bean, Local Red) grown in temperate climate were studied for their physico‐chemical, morphological, thermal, pasting, textural and retrogradation properties. Physico‐chemical properties such as composition, amylose content, water absorption capacity, swelling power, syneresis, freeze–thaw stability and light transmittance showed significant differences among starches. Amylose content (36.4–41.7%) showed strong correlations with peak, trough, breakdown, final and setback viscosity, gel hardness, gumminess and chewiness. The starch granule morphology of these starches showed considerable variation when studied by scanning electron microscopy. Starch granules were observed to be round, irregular or elliptical with smooth surfaces. Master Bean starch granules were larger than those of other kidney bean starches. Pasting and textural properties of French Yellow starches were found to be higher than other kidney bean starches. Local Red starches showed the highest gelatinisation transition temperatures, whereas Master Bean starches showed the lowest transition temperatures.
Rheological behaviour and functionality of inulin‐extra virgin olive oil‐based mashed potatoes
Authors: Alvarez María Dolores , Fernández Cristina , Olivares María Dolores , Canet Wenceslao 
Published: September 2010

SummaryDeveloping products having a high nutritional value and good storage stability during freezing is a challenge. Inulin (I) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) have interesting functional properties. The effect of the addition of I and EVOO blends at different I:EVOO ratios (0:0, 0:60, 15:45, 30:30, 45:15, 60:0, 30:45 and 45:30) on the rheological, physical, sensory and structural properties of fresh and frozen/thawed mashed potatoes formulated without and with added cryoprotectants was analysed and compared. Addition of I and EVOO (either alone or blended) reduced apparent viscosity and pseudoplasticity producing softer systems, indicating that both ingredients behave as soft fillers. Samples with added I at the higher concentrations (≥45 g kg−1) showed lower flow index and consistency, which is related to formation of smaller I particles; microphotographs indicated that gelling properties of I depended mostly upon processing. Frozen/thawed samples were judged more acceptable and creamier than their fresh counterparts.
Storage stability of a tropical fruit (cashew apple, acerola, papaya, guava and passion fruit) mixed nectar added caffeine
Authors: De Sousa Paulo H. M. , Maia Geraldo A. , De Azeredo Henriette M. C. , Ramos Afonso M. , De Figueiredo Raimundo W. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryNectars are formulated beverages with a fruit juice or pulp as its main component. A blend of fruits can also be used, with the advantage of combining sensory and nutritional properties of different fruits. The beverages may be added with some energetic component, as caffeine, known by its stimulating effect on central nervous system. The objective of this study was to develop mixed nectar of cashew apple, papaya, guava, acerola fruit and passion fruit added caffeine. The beverage was prepared with 35% juice blend and 10% sugar, added with 100 mg of caffeine L−1 and 60 mg of sodium metabisulfite (SO2) L−1 and 500 mg of sodium benzoate L−1 as preservatives, packed in cleaned pasteurised bottles and heat processed at 90 °C for 30 s. Physicochemical, microbiological and sensory analyses of the beverage were performed initially (time zero) and during 6 months of storage at room temperature (about 25 °C). The products were microbiologically stable during storage. The vitamin C content decreased significantly throughout storage time, although it has remained relatively high. The product presented good sensory acceptance, which suggests its potential for market.
Effect of cysteine on structural, rheological properties and solubility of wheat gluten by enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Hua , Li Qin , Claver Irakoze P. , Zhu Ke‐Xue , Peng Wei , Zhou Hui‐Ming 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe progressive enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat gluten was obtained with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy structural and rheological understanding of the molecular interactions and structural transformations as affected by cysteine. Cysteine which cleaved disulphide (SS) bonds and inhibited wheat gluten polymer formation induced the disappearance of 1622 cm−1 band (extended structures) and significant increases in the amount of β‐sheet in the amide I region and in hydration capacity. The alterations in structure had tremendous influence on the rheological properties of wheat gluten so that decreased the shear moduli (loss modulus and storage modulus) and viscosity. A typical viscoelastic behaviour (ranging from more solid‐like to more fluid‐like) affected by cysteine was manifested by wheat gluten dough. Consequently, the solubility of wheat gluten improved. Hence, structural, rheological changes and solubility gave rise to high enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat gluten.
Enhanced bioaccessibility of β‐carotene from yellow‐orange vegetables and green leafy vegetables by domestic heat processing
Authors: Veda Supriya , Platel Kalpana , Srinivasan Krishnapura 
Published: September 2010

SummaryEffect of heat treatment involved in domestic cooking on the bioaccessibility of β‐carotene from yellow‐orange as well as green leafy vegetables was evaluated. Heat treatment of these vegetables by pressure‐cooking, stir‐frying and open‐pan boiling had a beneficial influence on the bioaccessibility of β‐carotene. The extent of increase in the per cent bioaccessibility of β‐carotene as a result of pressure‐cooking was 21–84%. Stir‐frying in presence of a small quantity of oil brought about an enormous increase in the bioaccessibility of β‐carotene from these vegetables, the extent of increase being 67–191%. Open‐pan boiling of vegetables increased the bioaccessibility of β‐carotene in the range 23–36%. Thus, among the three domestic heat processing methods, stir‐frying results in maximum bioaccessibility of this provitamin. The use of suitably heat‐processed vegetable sources of β‐carotene could form a dietary strategy to derive this micronutrient maximally by the population dependent on plant foods.
Modelling the respiration rate of minimally processed broccoli (Brassica rapa var. sylvestris) for modified atmosphere package design
Authors: Torrieri Elena , Perone Nadia , Cavella Silvana , Masi Paolo 
Published: September 2010

SummaryIn this work, the effect of temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide on the respiration rate of minimally processed broccoli was studied to develop suitable modified atmosphere packaging. Respiration rate was measured at 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 °C under different gas compositions of O2 and CO2 (1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 21% of O2 with the balance N2, a mixture of 10% and 20% of carbon dioxide with the balance air and a mixture at 3% of O2 and 15% of CO2 with the balance N2). As expected, temperature was the most influential factor on respiration rate, for all atmospheres tested: increasing the temperature from 3 to 20 °C resulted, for air‐stored samples, in a 84% change in oxygen respiration rate, whereas at constant temperature, the respiration rate decreased by 35% with lowering the O2 concentration from 21% to 1% and by 44% with increasing the CO2 concentration from 0% to 20%. The Michaelis and Menten competitive model with maximum respiration rate varying against temperature with an Arrhenius equation accurately described the influence of gas composition and temperature on the respiration rate of minimally processed broccoli, and it was used to design a suitable package.
Influence of the postharvest processing method on polysaccharides and coffee beverages
Authors: Tarzia Andréa , Dos Santos Scholz Maria Brígida , De Oliveira Petkowicz Carmen Lúcia 
Published: September 2010

SummaryFresh coffee fruits were subjected to different types of postharvest processing. Intact fruits were processed using the dry method (DI), peeled fruits were processed using the semi‐dry method (DP) and fruits were processed using the wet method (W). The extraction of polysaccharides from the seeds from the unprocessed and processed fruits indicated that arabinogalactans and (galacto)mannans were the main polysaccharides. Higher amounts of polysaccharides were extracted from processed coffee. Among the treatments, lower amounts of water‐soluble galactomannans were obtained from coffee beans processed by the dry and wet methods. The polysaccharides obtained from beverages prepared using beans from DI, DP and W methods showed different yields, total sugar and protein contents. Galactomannans and AGPs were also present in the coffee beverages. Although differences were found in the chemical compositions, no differences were observed in the viscosity or surface tension of coffee beverages from the DI, DP and W methods.
Effects of chitosan coating on oxidative stress in bruised Yali pears (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)
Authors: Li Jian , Yan Jiaqi , Wang Jingfa , Zhao Yumei , Cao Jiankang , Jiang Weibo 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe protective effects of chitosan on oxidative stress in bruised Yali pears (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) were investigated. The fruit were treated with 1.5% chitosan before or after damage, respectively, and then stored at 16 °C and 90% relative humidity. Postharvest quality, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes were analysed. Results showed that bruise induced the accumulation of H2O2 and O2−. However, chitosan treatments reduced the levels of ROS and delayed the decease of glutathione (GSH) content in bruised fruit. Meanwhile, activities of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, peroxidases, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase or GSH reductase was 40.7%, 98.1%, 62.3%, 127.8% or 23.8% higher in chitosan‐bruised fruit and 41.1%, 80.8%, 18.5%, 102.9% or 45.2%, respectively, higher in bruised‐chitosan fruit than untreated bruised fruit on the 15th day.
Rheological behaviour of concentrated mandarin juice at low temperatures
Authors: Falguera Victor , Vélez‐Ruiz Jorge Fernando , Alins Verónica , Ibarz Albert 
Published: September 2010

SummarySeveral rheological properties of concentrated mandarin juice were investigated, quantifying thixotropic behaviour and fitting experimental data to the Hahn, Weltman, and Figoni–Shoemaker equations. The latter one proved best for modelling the time dependency response. Pseudoplastic behaviour fitted well with the Herschel–Bulkley model in the interval between −12 and 6 °C, in which yield stress and the flow behaviour index scarcely changed with temperature. The consistency coefficient and apparent viscosity both decreased as temperature increased. Fitting these consistency data to the Arrhenius‐type equation, a value of 33 kJ mol−1 for activation energy was obtained. Concentrated mandarin juice displayed viscoelastic properties in the temperature range between −12 and 6 °C, with the elastic character (determined by the juice’s pectin content) predominating over the viscous nature at low frequency values, but with this behaviour being inverted for high values. Furthermore, as the temperature became higher, the elastic character became more important than the viscous nature.
Parental liminality: a way of understanding the early experiences of parents who have a very preterm infant
Authors: Watson Gill 
Published: September 2010

Aim.  The aim of this study was to explore the early experiences of parents who have a very preterm infant.Background.  Very preterm infants are physiologically ill‐prepared for extra‐uterine life, but a greater number now survive birth and the postnatal period. The complex needs of the very preterm infant are met in the technological environment of the neonatal intensive care area, separating parents, physically and psychologically from their very preterm infant. Studies exploring the parental experience have identified parental stress; lowly parental status and attachment issues as areas of concern. However, there is little understanding about the early parental experience.Design.  This study used a phenomenological interpretive design.Methods.  Ethical approval to conduct this study using two study centres was obtained. An interpretive interactionist approach guided this study. Data were collected from three sources: 20 parents of very preterm infants, five senior neonatal nurses and seven neonatal intensive care nurses. Purposive sampling was used for the first and second sources, and data were collected through semi‐structured interviews. The third source of data occurred opportunistically through one focus group.Analysis.  Analysis involved constant comparative analysis.Results.  Crisis, uncertainty and powerlessness, properties of liminality framed this early complex parental transition. It is argued that the overarching theme of parental liminality best framed the parental physical, psychological and social experiences.Conclusion.  This qualitative interpretive study identified that parents of very preterm infants experienced many crises, uncertainty and powerlessness in their transition to parenthood, making them liminal people.Relevance to clinical practice.  Parental liminality provides a means of conceptualising the early experiences of parents of very preterm infants, providing practitioners, at strategic and operational levels, with the means of developing supporting interventions in the early stages of transition for parents of very preterm infants. Such support could mediate parent–infant relationships.
Both seedling banks and specialist seed predators promote the evolution of synchronized and intermittent reproduction (masting) in trees
Authors: Tachiki Yuuya , Iwasa Yoh 
Published: September 2010

Summary 1. Conditions leading to the evolution of masting (intermittent and synchronized reproduction of trees) are examined. According to the dynamics of the resource reserve of individuals, reproductive investment is the proportion of investment in flowers with coefficient k. If k evolves to sufficiently large values, trees show a large between‐year fluctuation in the seed crop even in a constant environment (masting). 2. Our assumptions are: the forest consists of many sites, each occupied by a single canopy tree. After a canopy tree falls, the vacant site (gap) becomes available for recruitment. 3. Masting never evolves if all vacant sites are filled by individuals from seeds produced in the same year, despite the fact that trees reproducing intermittently enjoy a higher pollination success than trees reproducing annually. 4. Masting can evolve if some seedlings survive for several years, forming a seedling bank on the forest floor, where seeds produced in different years compete for gap acquisition. In this case, the disadvantage of intermittent reproduction is compensated for by seedlings and the benefit of pollen limitation dominates. 5. We also study the effect of specialist seed predators. In the complete absence of seed bank or seeding bank, masting never evolves even in the presence of seed predators. If some seedlings survive for multiple years, seed predators can promote the evolution of masting. 6. Synthesis. Both seedling banks and specialist seed predators promote the evolution of masting. However, the presence of seed predators can work only when some seedlings can survive more than 1 year. The regeneration process of forests must be considered when the evolution of the reproduction of plants is discussed.
Efficacy of eight commercial formulations of lime sulphur on in vitro growth inhibition of Microsporum canis
Authors: Diesel Alison , Verbrugge Maria , Moriello Karen A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLime sulphur is a common topical treatment for dermatophytosis in animals. Until recently, a single veterinary lime sulphur formulation was available. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of eight lime sulphur products for in vitro growth inhibition of Microsporum canis using the isolated infected spore model. Infective M. canis spores were isolated from hairs collected from untreated cats. Hairs were macerated in Triton‐X solution and isolated according to a previously published protocol. Equal volumes of spore suspension and lime sulphur solutions were incubated for 5 min and plated onto modified BBL™ Mycosel™ agar (Becton, Dickinson and Company; Sparks, MD, USA) plates. Five plates were inoculated for each sample solution. Distilled water and bleach were used as controls. Colony forming units were counted daily for 21 days; positive control plates contained >300 colony forming units/plate. Seven of the products were supplied as concentrates and they were tested at the manufacturer’s recommended dilution, twice label concentration and half label concentration. A prediluted product SulfaDip® (Trask Research, Inc.; Daluca, GA, USA) was tested at the label and half label concentration. All veterinary products formed recommended treatment dilutions of 3% sulphurated lime solution except one (LymDyp®, IVX Animal Health Inc.; St Joseph, MO, USA), which formed a 2.4% sulphurated lime solution. Results of the study showed complete growth inhibition of M. canis spores by all products at all dilutions tested. These results indicate that all tested lime sulphur‐containing products were equivalent. Field studies are needed to test product equivalency in vivo.
The effect of a simple checklist on frequent pre‐induction deficiencies
Authors: THOMASSEN Ø. , BRATTEBØ G. , SØFTELAND E. , LOSSIUS H. M. , HELTNE J‐K. 
Published: September 2010

Background: A substantial proportion of anaesthesia‐related adverse events are preventable by identification and correction of errors in planning, communication, fatigue, stress, and equipment. The aim of this study was to develop and implement a pre‐induction checklist in order to identify and solve problems before induction of anaesthesia.Methods: The checklist was developed in a stepwise manner using a modified Delphi technique, literature search, expert's opinion, and a pilot version, and then implemented in a clinical environment during a 13‐week study period. Each list was registered and analysed using statistical process control. The checklist was mandatory, but emergency cases were excluded.Results: The checklist, containing 26 items, was used in 502 (61%) of a total of 829 inductions. Eighty‐five checklists (17%) identified one or more missing items. The number of missing items decreased significantly throughout the study period. The most important missing items were lack of a second laryngoscope available, introducer not having been fitted to the endotracheal tube, the endotracheal tube cuff not having been tested, and no separate ventilation bag being available. It took a median of 88.5 s (range 52–118) to perform the checklist when no items were missing. The pre‐induction time was the same before and after the checklist was introduced (25.1 vs. 24.3 min, P=0.25).Conclusions: It is possible to develop, introduce, and use a pre‐induction checklist even in a hectic and stressful clinical environment. The checklist identified and reduced a surprisingly large number of missing items required in a standard induction protocol.
The effect of remifentanil on cough suppression after endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized study
Authors: CHEN J. , LI W. , WANG D. , HU X. 
Published: September 2010

Background: Excessive coughing may increase the risk of complications after sinus surgery. We hypothesized that remifentanil would decrease the incidence and severity of coughing after endoscopic sinus surgery with propofol and remifentanil anaesthesia.Methods: Ninety patients scheduled for endoscopic sinus surgery were randomly assigned into three groups. Propofol was stopped at the completion of the surgical procedure. The remifentanil infusion was adjusted to an effect‐site concentration of 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5 ng/ml, 10 min before the anticipated end of surgery, in each of the three groups (RF1.5, RF2.0 and RF2.5) and continued until after extubation. The incidence and severity of coughing was evaluated on a scale from 0 to 3.Results: The proportion of patients who did not cough was significantly higher in the RF2.0 (67.5%, 95% CI: 59.1–75.9%) and RF2.5 (74.2%, 95% CI: 66.4–82.0%) groups than in the RF1.5 group (35.%, 95% CI: 26.5–43.5%) (P<0.01). The incidence of grade 2 or 3 coughing was significantly higher in the RF1.5 group (grade 2: 15.1%, grade 3: 6.7%) than in the RF2.0 group (grade 2: 5.0%, grade 3: 0%) and the RF2.5 group (grade 2: 4.2%, grade 3: 0%) (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the time to extubation among the three groups.Conclusion: Maintaining anaesthesia with remifentanil to the end of the surgery, until after extubation, can suppress coughing without prolonging the recovery from anaesthesia. This effect is dose dependent and is more pronounced at higher concentrations of remifentanil (2.0 or 2.5 ng/ml).