bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathology Consultation on Reporting of Critical Values
Authors: Genzen Jonathan R. , Tormey Christopher A. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Among the most important functions of a pathology or laboratory medicine service is the clear, accurate, and rapid communication of critical test results (critical values) to patient care providers. Pathologists and laboratory professionals are often confronted with many obstacles in the reporting of such critical values, including establishing clinically relevant criteria for critical values, resolving difficulties in locating an ordering provider when a critical value is obtained, and ensuring that the provider understands the severity and implications of a critical result when he or she has questions. This article presents a hypothetical (yet fairly common) clinical case scenario regarding critical values and then provides an up-to-date discussion and review of the literature on the reporting of critical results.
The Prognostic Impact of Sex on Surgically Resected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Depends on Clinicopathologic Characteristics
Authors: Sterlacci William , Tzankov Alexandar , Veits Lothar , Oberaigner Wilhelm , Schmid Thomas , Hilbe Wolfgang , Fiegl Michael 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The increasing incidence of lung cancer in women and their supposed survival advantage over men requires clarification of the significance of sex. Age, stage, histologic features, differentiation grade, and Ki-67 index were assessed in 405 surgically resected non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) using a standardized tissue microarray platform.
Women were associated with well/moderate tumor differentiation, a Ki-67 index of 3% or less, and adenocarcinoma histologic features. Female sex predicted increased survival time only by univariate analysis. Stratified by sex, increased survival was noted for women older than 64 years, with a tumor at postsurgical International Union Against Cancer stage I, with adenocarcinoma histologic features, with well- or moderately differentiated tumors, or with a Ki-67 index of 3% or less.
Sex is not an independent prognostic parameter for patients with surgically resected NSCLC. Sex-linked differences are associated with other factors, thus simulating a prognostic impact of sex. This study elucidates sex-specific interactions between patient and tumor characteristics, which are pivotal toward improving prognostic accuracy, individualized therapies, and screening efforts.
Necessarily a narrator or narrator if necessary: A short note on a long subject words
Authors: Margolin Uri 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
For (at least) literary narratives I propose to understand “narrator” as follows: An inner-textual speech position from which the current narrative discourse as a whole originates, and from which references to the entities, actions and events that this discourse is about are being made. Through a dual process of metonymic transfer and anthropomorphisation the term “narrator” is then employed to designate a presumed occupant of this position, the hypothesized producer of the current discourse. A narrator is a linguistically indicated, textually projected and readerly identified position whose occupant needs to be thought of primarily in terms of a communicative role, distinct from any actualworld flesh-and-blood (or computer) producer of the text. The paper describes in brief eight different kinds of general considerations (linguistic, philosophical, methodological and general literary-theoretical) which can motivate a narratologist to judge the narrator category/instance as an indispensable or as a merely optional element of his general model of literary narrative. The article concludes with two recent theoretical moves which tend to circumvent the need for such a choice by either re-drawing the narratologist's domain of objects or by redefining the status of the narrator category itself.
Dopamine, But Not Serotonin, Regulates Reversal Learning in the Marmoset Caudate Nucleus
Authors: Clarke Hannah F. , Hill Gemma J. , Robbins Trevor W. , Roberts Angela C. 
Published: March 2011

Studies of visual discrimination reversal learning have revealed striking neurochemical dissociations at the level of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) with serotoninergic, but not dopaminergic, integrity being important for successful reversal learning. These findings have considerable implications for disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder and schizophrenia, in which reversal learning is impaired, and which are primarily treated with drugs targeting the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems. Dysfunction in such disorders however, is not limited to the OFC and extends subcortically to other structures implicated in reversal learning, such as the medial caudate nucleus. Therefore, because the roles of the serotonin and dopamine within the caudate nucleus are poorly understood, this study compared the effects of selective serotoninergic or selective dopaminergic depletions of the marmoset medial caudate nucleus on serial discrimination reversal learning.All monkeys were able to learn novel stimulus–reward associations but, unlike control monkeys and monkeys with selective serotoninergic medial caudate depletions, dopamine-depleted monkeys were markedly impaired in their ability to reverse this association. This impairment was not perseverative in nature. These findings are the opposite of those seen in the OFC and provide evidence for a neurochemical double dissociation between the OFC and medial caudate in the regulation of reversal learning. Although the specific contributions of these monoamines within the OFC–striatal circuit remain to be elucidated, these findings have profound implications for the development of drugs designed to remediate some of the cognitive processes underlying impaired reversal learning.
1-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)piperazines as model compounds for the radiofluorination of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines
Authors: Grosse-Gehling P. , Wuest F.R. , Peppel T. , Köckerling M. , Mamat C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe visualization of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which are overexpressed in multiple tumor types, with radiolabeled CDK inhibitors by means of positron emission tomographyin vivois a promising approach for tumor imaging. Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines belong to a class of inhibitors, which bind with high affinity to CDK4 and CDK6. 1-(3-[18F]Fluoropropyl)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine and 1-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-4-(6-nitropyridin-3-yl)piperazine represent structural elements of the appropriate CDK inhibitors and were therefore chosen as model compounds for the incorporation of fluorine-18 into pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Three methods are known for the preparation of tertiary 3-[18F]fluoropropyl-amines: 1) the direct substitution of a good leaving group, 2) the two-step reaction synthesizing a 3-[18F]fluoropropyl intermediate, and 3) the utilization of aziridinium or azetidinium salts. In general, radiofluorinations using azetidinium salts lead to excellent radiochemical yields in short periods of time. For these reasons, we developed a synthesis route to tosylated piperazine precursors and established a radiolabeling approach based on the incorporation of fluorine-18 into open-chained tosylates as well as the respective azetidinium spiro compounds to yield the desired radiofluorinated piperazines successfully.
Neptunium(V) sorption on kaolinite
Authors: Amayri S. , Jermolajev A. , Reich T. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The sorption behavior of neptunium(V) onto the clay mineral kaolinite was studied in batch experiments under different experimental conditions: [Np(V)]=7 × 10−12–8 × 10−6 M, solid-to-liquid ratio 2–20 g L−1, I=0.1 and 0.01 M NaClO4, pH=6–10, ambient air and Ar atmosphere. The short-lived isotope 239Np (T
1/2=2.36 d) was used instead of 237Np (T
1/2=2.14 × 106 a) to study the sorption behavior of Np(V) at environmentally-relevant concentrations, i.e., 7 × 1012 M Np. In addition, 239Np(V) served as tracer to measure sorption isotherms over six orders of magnitude in Np concentration (4.8 × 10−12–1.0 × 10−4 M). The results show that Np(V) sorption on kaolinite is strongly influenced by pH, CO2, and ionic strength. The sorption of 8 × 10−6 M Np(V) at pH 9.0, and ionic strength of 0.1 M NaClO4 was proportional to the solid-to-liquid ratio of kaolinite in the range of 2–10 g L−1. In the absence of CO2, the Np(V) uptake increased continuously with increasing pH value up to 97% at pH 10. Under ambient CO2, the sorption of Np decreased above pH 8 up to zero at pH 10. An increase of Np(V) concentration from 7 × 10−12 to 8 × 10−6 M resulted in a shift of the sorption pH edge by up to one pH unit to higher pH values. The ionic strength influenced the Np(V) sorption onto kaolinite only in the presence of ambient CO2. Under Ar atmosphere the sorption of Np(V) was independent from ionic strength, indicating the formation of inner-sphere complexes of Np(V) with kaolinite. Time-dependent batch experiments at pH 9.0 under ambient CO2 showed that the sorption of Np(V) on kaolinite is fast and fully reversible over six orders in Np(V) concentration.
Interference Effects in Vibronic 2D-Spectra of Diatomic Molecules
Authors: Schubert Alexander , Engel Volker 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
We theoretically study interference effects in two-dimensional (2D) vibronic spectra which arise from two electronically excited states taking part in the multi-photon process initiated by femtosecond laser pulses. Therefore, a model is employed which mimiques the situation encountered in many halogen and interhalogen molecules. There, upon excitation from the ground state, an excited bound state and a dissociative state exist which are close in energy. We demonstrate that the different pathways to final states which enter into the third-order polarization result in pronounced interference patterns in the 2D-spectra.
Circular Dichroism in Ion Yields in Multiphoton Ionization of (R)-Propylene Oxide Employing Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Authors: Horsch Philipp , Urbasch Gunter , Weitzel Karl-Michael 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The feasibility of measuring circular dichroism (CD) in ion yields is demonstrated in multiphoton ionization employing femtosecond laser radiation for the first time. CD values for (R)-propylene oxide are reported at 738 nm, 810 nm and 878 nm. The data suggest the possibility of resonance contributions at 810 nm. At the other wavelengths the CD appears to originate from non-resonant multiphoton ionization. Possible implications of measuring non-resonant CD are discussed.
Intratumor Heterogeneity in Evolutionary Models of Tumor Progression
Authors: Durrett Rick , Foo Jasmine , Leder Kevin , Mayberry John , Michor Franziska 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWith rare exceptions, human tumors arise from single cells that have accumulated the necessary number and types of heritable alterations. Each such cell leads to dysregulated growth and eventually the formation of a tumor. Despite their monoclonal origin, at the time of diagnosis most tumors show a striking amount of intratumor heterogeneity in all measurable phenotypes; such heterogeneity has implications for diagnosis, treatment efficacy, and the identification of drug targets. An understanding of the extent and evolution of intratumor heterogeneity is therefore of direct clinical importance. In this article, we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of heterogeneity arising during exponential expansion of a tumor cell population, in which heritable alterations confer random fitness changes to cells. We obtain analytical estimates for the extent of heterogeneity and quantify the effects of system parameters on this tumor trait. Our work contributes to a mathematical understanding of intratumor heterogeneity and is also applicable to organisms like bacteria, agricultural pests, and other microbes.
Pulmonary Toxicity in Mice by 2‐ and 13‐week Inhalation Exposures to Indium‐tin Oxide and Indium Oxide Aerosols
Authors: Nagano Kasuke , Nishizawa Tomoshi , Eitaki Yoko , Ohnishi Makoto , Noguchi Tadashi , Arito Heihachiro , Fukushima Shoji 
Published: March 2011

Pulmonary Toxicity in Mice by 2‐ and 13week Inhalation Exposures to Indium‐tin Oxide and Indium Oxide Aerosols: Kasuke Nagano, et al., Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association—ObjectivesInhalation toxicities of indium‐tin oxide (ITO) and indium oxide (IO) in mice were characterized in comparison with those previously reported in rats.MethodsB6C3F 1 mice of both sexes were exposed by inhalation to ITO or IO aerosol for 6 h/day, 5 day/wk for 2 wk at 0, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 mg/m3or 13 wk at 0, 0.1or 1 mg/m3.ResultsITO and IO particles were deposited in the lung, mediastinal lymph node (MLN) and nasal‐associated lymphoid tissue. Alveolar proteinosis, iniltrations of alveolar macrophages and inlammatory cells and increased lung weight were induced by 2‐ and 13‐week exposures to ITO and IO, while alveolar epithelial hyperplasia occurred only in the 2‐week exposures. Thickened pleural wall, hyperplastic MLN, extra medullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and increased levels of erythrocyte parameters were induced by 13‐week exposure to ITO. The ITO‐ and IO‐induced pulmonary lesions were milder in mice than those previously reported in rats, and the ibrotic lesions were different between these two species. Indium levels in the lung and pooled blood were analyzed in the mice exposed to ITO and IO for 13 wk. In the 13‐week inhalation exposure of mice to ITO, alveolar proteinosis and significantly increased lung weight were induced at the same exposure concentration as the current threshold limit value for indium and its compounds.
Evaluation of the Modified Albee Arthroplasty for Femoral Head Loss Secondary to Septic Arthritis in Young Children
Authors: Li Xue-dong , Chen Bin , Luo Shao-wei , Ji Shi-jun , Du Shi-xin 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND:
Surgical treatment options for femoral head deficiency in infants secondary to septic arthritis of the hip are varied and associated with uncertain long-term outcomes. The modified Albee arthroplasty has been considered an acceptable procedure; however, the long-term outcomes of this procedure have not been reported, to our knowledge. We evaluated the long-term outcomes of the modified Albee arthroplasty in young patients with severe sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip.

METHODS:
We retrospectively studied twenty-one children (twenty-one hips) in whom Choi type-IVB sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip had been treated with a modified Albee arthroplasty and six patients with the same sequelae who had been managed with simple observation. The Trendelenburg sign, pain, the range of motion, hip function, the Harris hip score, and limb-length discrepancy were assessed clinically. Remodeling of the femoral head, hip stability, and arthritic changes in the hip were evaluated radiographically.

RESULTS:
The twenty-one patients with the modified Albee arthroplasty were followed for an average of 121.2 ± 38.6 months and had better outcomes, in terms of the Trendelenburg sign, the Harris hip score, pain, the hip range of motion, and limb-length discrepancy, than the six patients who underwent simple observation. Patients who were two years of age or younger at the time of the arthroplasty exhibited a significantly less severe limb-length discrepancy and less loss of motion than those who were older than two at the time of the surgery. Furthermore, limb-length discrepancy was positively correlated and the range of motion of the hip and the Harris hip scores were negatively correlated with the patient's age at the time of the surgery, suggesting that early surgery in patients with severe sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip is associated with a better clinical outcome.

CONCLUSIONS:
The modified Albee arthroplasty is a feasible and clinically useful procedure for the treatment of severe sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip, particularly in children who are two years of age or younger.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:
“Evaluation of the Modified Albee Arthroplasty for Femoral Head Loss Secondary to Septic Arthritis in Young Children” (2010;92:1370-80)
Serum Bilirubin Links UGT1A1*28 Polymorphism and Predicts Long-Term Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Chen Ying-Hwa , Hung Szu-Chun , Tarng Der-Cherng 
Published: March 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Bilirubin is a protective factor with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its association with clinical outcomes of hemodialysis patients is unknown. Bilirubin degradation is mainly determined by the activity of hepatic bilirubin uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1), which is significantly influenced by a TA-repeat polymorphism in the gene's promoter, an allele designated UGT1A1*28. The study aimed to clarify the association between serum bilirubin and UGT1A1*28 polymorphism and their respective effect on outcomes of chronic hemodialysis patients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
The cohort study comprised 661 chronic hemodialysis patients who were prospectively followed for 12 years. The endpoints were cardiovascular events (CVEs) and all-cause mortality.

Results
After adjustment for traditional and dialysis-related risk factors, individuals with bilirubin in the upper tertile had an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.32 for CVEs and 0.48 for all-cause mortality compared with those in the lower tertile. Individuals homozygous for UGT1A1*28 (genotype 7/7) had significantly higher bilirubin levels than those with 6/6 and 7/6 genotypes. In the same multivariable-adjusted model, individuals with 7/7 had approximately one tenth the risk for CVEs and one fourth the risk for all-cause mortality as compared with carriers of the 6 allele.

Conclusions
A graded, reverse association was noted between serum bilirubin and adverse outcomes among chronic hemodialysis patients. Moreover, the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism had strong effects on bilirubin levels and the 7/7 genotype might have an important effect on reducing CVEs and death.
Reduction in cisplatin genotoxicity (micronucleus formation) in non target cells of mice by protransfersome gel formulation used for management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gupta Vandana , Agrawal Ramesh , Trivedi Piyush 
Published: March 2011

Reduction in cisplatin genotoxicity (micronucleus formation) in non target cells of mice by protransfersome gel formulation used for management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomaCisplatin-loaded protransfersome system was prepared and characterized forin vitrodrug permeation, drug deposition and antitumor effect. A histopathological study and a genotoxicity study were also done. The skin permeation data of cisplatin from protransfersome gel formulation revealed 494.33 ± 11.87 μg cm-2, which was significantly higher than that from the control plain drug solution in 0.9 % NaCl (p< 0.001). Untreated group of animals showed invasive moderately differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (malignant stage). However, with cisplatin loaded protransfersome gel system simple epithelial hyperplasia (pre-cancerous stage) with no cancerous growth was observed. Also, a significant induction in micronucleus formation was found in the group that was treated with injectable intraperitoneal cisplatin preparation in 0.9 % saline as compared to the group treated with topical protransfersome gel formulation. The findings of this research work appear to support improved, site-specific and localized drug action in the skin, thus providing a better option for dealing with skin related problems like squamous cell carcinoma.
Development and evaluation of in situ novel intragastric controlled-release formulation of hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: Patel Ravikumar , Patel Jayvadan 
Published: March 2011

Development and evaluation of in situ novel intragastric controlled-release formulation of hydrochlorothiazide
In situ forming intragastric controlled-release formulation is a new technology in the field of oral controlled-release delivery systems. The objective of this study was to develop formulations that can control drug release up to 24 hours. In addition, a combination of appropriate polymers and solvents was selected that could form a drug loaded gel at the process temperature of 60-70 °C, which gel could turn into a rigid mass upon exposure to dissolution fluid at body temperature. The drug release mechanism from this rigid mass was controlled by different formulation factors such as different polymer grades, polymer concentrations, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of solvents, different drug loadings, and physicochemical properties of additional excipients. After evaluating different formulation factors, Ethocel 10 FP and triethyl citrate were selected for further studies using hydrochlorothiazide as a model drug. Polynomial correlation between viscosity of the blank gel and drug release profile was also obtained.
The Clinical Utility of Measuring Complement and Anti-dsDNA Antibodies During Pregnancy in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: CLOWSE MEGAN E.B. , MAGDER LAURENCE S. , PETRI MICHELLE 
Published: March 2011

Objective.The importance of low complement and anti-dsDNA during pregnancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is poorly defined. We investigated the effect of these laboratory tests and clinical SLE activity on pregnancy outcomes.Methods.We conducted a study of all pregnancies in patients with SLE followed from 1986 to 2002 in a cohort of patients with SLE. At each visit, the physician’s estimate of activity (PEA), complement, and anti-dsDNA antibody were measured. We assessed the combination of moderate to severe SLE clinical activity (defined as PEA ≥ 2) and these serologic measurements on pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancies electively terminated were excluded from our study.Results.Regardless of SLE activity, low complement or positive anti-dsDNA in the second trimester was associated with a higher rate of pregnancy loss and preterm birth. Patients with the combination of either high clinical activity of SLE and low complement or positive anti-dsDNA had the highest rate of pregnancy loss and preterm birth.Conclusion.Women with the combination of high clinical activity with serologic markers of SLE activity are at highest risk for pregnancy loss and preterm delivery. While hypocomplementemia and positive anti-dsDNA alone are predictive of poor pregnancy outcomes in the second trimester, the risks are far higher for the women in whom this is coupled with clinically active SLE.
Etanercept Compared to Intraarticular Corticosteroid Injection in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Double-blind, Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: ROUX CHRISTIAN H. , BREUIL VERONIQUE , VALERIO LAURE , AMORETTI NICOLAS , BROCQ OLIVIER , ALBERT CHRISTINE , GRISOT CHRISTIAN , ALLAM YACINE , CHEVALIER PATRICK , PRADIER CHRISTIAN , EULLER-ZIEGLER LIANNA 
Published: March 2011

Objective.To compare etanercept (anti-tumor necrosis factor-α) with intraarticular (IA) corticosteroid injections to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Patients with RA who had persistent monoarthritis received etanercept or IA corticosteroid injections. Efficacy was compared at Weeks 4 and 24.Results.Thirty-four patients were included (8 dropped out). Mean age was 58.8 years. No difference between groups was found at Weeks 4 or 24, but both groups showed significant improvement at Weeks 4 and 24 compared to baseline.Conclusion.Etanercept and IA steroid injections resulted in significant improvement at Week 4 that persisted to Week 24. There was no significant difference in outcome between the groups.