bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underlying mechanism of penehyclidine hydrochloride on isolated rat uterus
Authors: Xiao Hong‐tao , Liao Zhi , Meng Xian‐min , Yan Xiao‐yan , Chen Shu‐jie , Mo Zheng‐ji 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe investigated the underlying mechanisms of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC), a novel selective anticholinergic drug on isolated rat uterus. The method of radio‐immunity assay was further employed to determine cyclic adenosine mono phosphate (cAMP) levels in isolated rat uterus for comparing with selective effect on muscarinic receptor subtypes. In the assay, PHC could decrease the content of cAMP in isolated rat uterus, but the difference was not statistically significant at dose of 10 μmol/L. In conclusion, our results suggested that PHC has no or poor effect on M2receptor subtypes in isolated rat uterus.
Maintained cerebral metabolic ratio during exercise in patients with β‐adrenergic blockade
Authors: Gam Christiane M. B. , Rasmussen Peter , Secher Niels H. , Seifert Thomas , Larsen Fin S. , Nielsen Henning B. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryBackground:  Decreased cerebral metabolic ratio (CMR) [molar uptake of O2 versus molar uptake of (glucose + ½ lactate)] during exercise is attenuated by intravenous administration of the non‐selective β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol. We evaluated to what extent cirrhotic patients in oral treatment with propranolol are able to mobilize brain non‐oxidative carbohydrate metabolism.Methods:  Incremental cycle ergometry to exhaustion (86 ± 4·2 W; mean ± SD) was performed in eight cirrhotic patients instrumented with a catheter in the brachial artery and one retrograde in the right internal jugular vein. Healthy subjects form the control group.Results:  In β‐blocked cirrhotic patients arterial lactate increased from 1·5 ± 0·3 to 5·1 ± 0·8 mM (P<0·05) and the arterial–jugular venous difference (a–v diff) from −0·01 ± 0·03 to 0·30 ± 0·05 mM (P<0·05) at rest and during exercise, respectively. During exercise the glucose a–v diff of 0·46 ± 0·06 mM remained at a level similar to rest (0·54 ± 0·03 mM) and at exhaustion the CMR was not significantly changed (5·8 ± 1·1 versus 6·0 ± 0·6). In controls, CMR decreased from 5·6 ± 0·9 at rest to 3·4 ± 0·7 (P<0·05) during maximal exercise and at a lactate level comparable to that achieved by the patients it was 3·8 ± 0·4.Conclusion:  During exhaustive exercise in cirrhotic patients the CMR is maintained and a significant cerebral uptake of lactate is demonstrated. The data suggest that oral treatment with a non‐selective β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist attenuates cerebral non‐oxidative metabolism.
Testing times: Exploring staged responses and the impact of blame management strategies in two examination fiasco cases
Authors: HOOD CHRISTOPHER , JENNINGS WILL , DIXON RUTH , HOGWOOD BRIAN , BEESTON CRAIG 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article examines the responses of ministers facing high levels of blame in the press after serious failures in the public exam system for school‐leavers in Scotland in 2000 and England in 2002. It develops a method for systematic analysis and comparison of the behaviour of officeholders facing blame, tests the hypothesis that ministers will accept personal culpability only after other ways of handling blame have been exhausted and uses time series intervention models to show how one can estimate the impact of strategies on the next day's blame level. The basic sequencing hypothesis is partially upheld by the observed behaviour in these cases, though many other kinds of blame responses do not display a clear sequence. The intervention analysis also raises questions about the claimed effectiveness of presentational strategies for managing blame.
The TFS mini‐sling for uterine/vault prolapse repair: A three‐year follow‐up review
Authors: PETROS Peter E. P. , RICHARDSON Peter A. 
Published: July 2009

Aims: To assess the three‐year prolapse recurrence rate of the tissue fixation system (TFS) posterior mini‐sling, an operation that works much like a McCall procedure.Patients and methods: Patients who originally presented with major symptomatic prolapse were contacted by telephone three years after a posterior TFS mini‐sling operation, and invited to attend for review. All patients were questioned as to recurrence of any lumps, ‘dragging pain’, satisfaction with the procedure and existence of any vaginal discharge.Results: Of the original group of 39 patients, 35 were interviewed, 22 attended for review and four patients were uncontactable. Symptomatic cure was reported by 30 patients (86%), improvement in two (6%), and failure in three (9%).Conclusions: The longer‐term results from the TFS posterior sling are encouraging. The procedure is evolving, and more studies are required.
Detection and management of decreased fetal movements in Australia and New Zealand: A survey of obstetric practice
Authors: FLENADY Vicki , MacPHAIL Julie , GARDENER Glenn , CHADHA Yogesh , MAHOMED Kassam , HEAZELL Alexander , FRETTS Ruth , FRØEN Frederik 
Published: July 2009

Background:  Decreased fetal movement (DFM) is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. However, there is limited research to inform practice in the detection and management of DFM.Aims:  To identify current practices and views of obstetricians in Australia and New Zealand regarding DFM.Methods:  A postal survey of Fellows and Members, and obstetric trainees of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.Results:  Of the 1700 surveys distributed, 1066 (63%) were returned, of these, 805 (76% of responders) were currently practising and included in the analysis. The majority considered that asking women about fetal movement should be a part of routine care. Sixty per cent reported maternal perception of DFM for 12 h was sufficient evidence of DFM and 77% DFM for 24 h. KICK charts were used routinely by 39%, increasing to 66% following an episode of DFM. Alarm limits varied, the most commonly reported was < 10 movements in 12 h (74%). Only 6% agreed with the internationally recommended definition of < 10 movements in two hours. Interventions for DFM varied, while 81% would routinely undertake a cardiotocograph, 20% would routinely perform ultrasound and 20% more frequent antenatal visits.Conclusions:  While monitoring fetal movement is an important part of antenatal care in Australia and New Zealand, variation in obstetric practice for DFM is evident. Large‐scale randomised controlled trials are required to identify optimal screening and management options. In the interim, high quality clinical practice guidelines using the best available advice are needed to enhance consistency in practice including advice provided to women.
Osteopontin expression correlates with invasiveness in cervical cancer
Authors: SONG Jae Yun , LEE Jae Kwan , LEE Nak Woo , YEOM Bom Woo , KIM Sun Haeng , LEE Kyu Wan 
Published: July 2009

Aim: Osteopontin is a secreted, integrin‐binding glycophosphoprotein that is overexpressed in many types of cancers and appears to be involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. To understand the role of osteopontin in carcinogenesis of cervical cancer, this study was designed to determine whether osteopontin is expressed in cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ (CIS) tissue as well as in normal cervical tissue.Methods: The expression of osteopontin was immunohistochemically analysed from 68 normal cervix, 55 CIS and 52 invasive cervical cancer tissues using a paraffin‐embedded tissue array. Immunostaining was evaluated by intensity and the percentage of stained cells.Results: Osteopontin expression in normal, CIS and cervical cancer tissues was two of 68 (2.9%), 43 of 55 (78.2%) and 46 of 52 (88.4%), respectively (P < 0.01). High intensity (strong positive)/high proportion (more than 50%) staining seen in CIS and cervical cancer tissue samples was 45 of 55 (81.8%)/22 of 55 (40.0%) and 50 of 52 (96.2%)/31 of 52 (59.7%), respectively (P = 0.029 and P = 0.054). There was no significant correlation between the immunostaining score and stage and the immunostaining score and survival.Conclusion: Osteopontin may have a potential use as a diagnostic factor for cervical cancer and osteopontin expression is closely correlated with carcinogenesis and invasion of cervical cancer.
Relevance of gastrointestinal symptoms in endometriosis
Authors: MAROUN Paulette , COOPER Michael J. W. , REID Geoffrey D. , KEIRSE Marc J. N. C. 
Published: July 2009

Background: Endometriosis commonly presents with a range of symptoms none of which are particularly specific for the condition, often resulting in misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis.Aim: To investigate gastrointestinal symptoms in women with endometriosis and compare their frequency with that of the classical gynaecological symptoms.Methods: Systematic exploration of symptoms in a consecutive series of 355 women undergoing operative laparoscopy for suspected endometriosis.Results: Endometriosis was confirmed by histology in 290 women (84.5%). Bowel lesions were present in only 7.6%. Ninety per cent of women had gastrointestinal symptoms, of which bloating was the most common (82.8%), but 71.3% also had other bowel symptoms. All gastrointestinal symptoms were similarly predictive of histologically confirmed endometriosis. Seventy‐six women (21.4%) had previously been diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome and 79% of them had endometriosis confirmed.Conclusion: Gastrointestinal symptoms are nearly as common as gynaecological symptoms in women with endometriosis and do not necessarily reflect bowel involvement.
Characterization of the Potent 5‐HT1A /BReceptor Antagonist and Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor SB‐649915: Preclinical Evidence for Hastened Onset of Antidepressant/Anxiolytic Efficacy
Authors: Watson Jeannette M. , Dawson Lee A. 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTAn increase in brain serotonin (5‐HT) levels is thought to be a key mechanism of action responsible for generating antidepressant efficacy. It has been proven that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are effective antidepressants, but the delay to therapeutic onset of these agents is thought to be due to the time required for 5‐HT1A,and possibly 5‐HT1B, autoreceptors to desensitize. Therefore, an agent incorporating 5‐HT reuptake inhibition coupled with 5‐HT1Aand/or 5‐HT1Bautoreceptor antagonism may provide a fast‐acting clinical agent. The current studies review the profile of SB‐649915 (6‐[(1‐{2‐[(2‐methylquinolin‐5‐yl)oxy]ethyl}piperidin‐4‐yl)methyl]‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3(4H)‐one), a novel compound with high affinity for human (h) 5‐HT1Aand 5‐HT1Breceptors (pKivalues of 8.6 and 8.0, respectively) as well as the (h) 5‐HT transporter (SERT) (pKivalue of 9.3). SB‐649915 behaved as an antagonist at both 5‐HT1Aand 5‐HT1Breceptorsin vitroandin vivo,reversing 5‐HT, (+)8‐hydroxy‐2‐(di‐n‐propylamino) tetralin (8‐OH‐DPAT) and SKF99101‐induced functional/behavioral responses. Furthermore, it inhibited [3H]5‐HT reuptake in rat cortical synaptosomes,in vitroandex vivo. In electrophysiological studies SB‐649915 had no effect on rat dorsal raphe neuronal cell firingper se,but reversed 8‐OH‐DPAT–induced inhibition of firing bothin vitroandin vivo. In addition, in a microdialysis study, it produced an acute increase in extracellular 5‐HT in forebrain structures of the rat. Finally, SB‐649915 demonstrated acute anxiolytic activity in both rodent and non‐human primate and reduced the latency to onset of anxiolytic behavior, compared to paroxetine, in the rat social interaction paradigm. In summary, SB‐649915 is a novel, potent 5‐HT1A/1Bautoreceptor antagonist, and 5‐HT reuptake inhibitor. This particular pharmacological profile provides a novel mechanism that could offer fast‐acting antidepressant activity.
Pharmacological Actions of NGB 2904, a Selective Dopamine D3Receptor Antagonist, in Animal Models of Drug Addiction
Authors: Xi Zheng‐Xiong , Gardner Eliot L. 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTAs a continuation of our work with SB‐277011A, we have examined the effects of another highly elective dopamine (DA) D3receptor antagonist, N‐(4‐[4‐{2,3‐dichlorophenyl}‐1‐piperazinyl]butyl)‐2‐fluorenylcarboxamide (NGB 2904), in animal models of addiction. Our results indicate that by systemic administration, NGB 2904 inhibits intravenous cocaine self‐administration maintained under a progressive‐ratio (PR) reinforcement schedule, cocaine‐ or cocaine cue–induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking behavior, and cocaine‐ or other addictive drug‐enhanced brain stimulation reward (BSR). The action of NGB 2904 on PR cocaine self‐administration was long‐lasting (1–2 days) after a single injection, supporting its potential use in treatment of cocaine addiction. The effects of NGB 2904 in the BSR paradigm were dose‐dependent for both NGB 2904 and cocaine; that is, only lower doses of NGB 2904 were effective, and their putative antiaddiction effect could be overcome by increasing the doses of cocaine or other addictive drugs. A dopamine‐dependent mechanism is proposed to explain the effects of NGB 2904 on cocaine's actions in these animal models of drug addiction. The data reviewed in this paper suggest that NGB 2904 or other D3‐selective antagonists may have potential in controlling motivation for drug‐taking behavior or relapse to drug‐seeking behavior, but may have a limited role in antagonizing the acute rewarding effects produced by cocaine or other addictive drugs. In addition, NGB 2904 may also act as a useful tool to study the role of D3receptors in drug addiction.
Emerging infectious disease agents and their potential threat to transfusion safety
Authors: Stramer Susan L. , Hollinger F. Blaine , Katz Louis M. , Kleinman Steven , Metzel Peyton S. , Gregory Kay R. , Dodd Roger Y. 
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND: Emerging infections have been identified as a continuing threat to human health. Many such infections are known to be transmissible by blood transfusion, while others have properties indicating this potential. There has been no comprehensive review of such infectious agents and their threat to transfusion recipient safety to date.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The members of AABB's Transfusion Transmitted Diseases Committee reviewed a large number of information sources in order to identify infectious agents with actual or potential risk of transfusion transmission now or in the future in the US or Canada; with few exceptions, these agents do not have available interventions to reduce the risk of such transmission. Using a group discussion and writing process, key characteristics of each agent were identified, researched, recorded and documented in standardized format. A group process was used to prioritize each agent on the basis of scientific/epidemiologic data and a subjective assessment of public perception and/or concern expressed by regulatory agencies.RESULTS: Sixty‐eight infectious agents were identified and are described in detail in a single Supplement to TRANSFUSION. Key information will also be provided in web‐based form and updated as necessary. The highest priorities were assigned to Babesia species, Dengue virus, and vCJD.CONCLUSION: The information is expected to support the needs of clinicians and transfusion medicine experts in the recognition and management of emerging infections among blood donors and blood recipients.
Validation of a point of care troponin assay in real life emergency department conditions
Authors: Loten Conrad , Attia John , Hullick Carolyn , Marley John , McElduff Patrick 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective:  To validate the accuracy of a Point of care (POC) troponin device (Abbott i‐Stat) in real life ED conditions.Methods:  Design: A three‐way comparison between troponin I results obtained by experienced POC operators, inexperienced ED staff and central laboratory criterion standard. Participants: Convenience sample of 332 patients presenting to the ED with possible coronary syndromes.Results:  Spearman correlation coefficient for experienced versus laboratory was 0.83 (95% CI 0.78–0.87), occasional users versus laboratory was 0.76 (95% CI 0.71–0.81), and experienced versus occasional users on POC was 0.82 (95% CI 0.76–0.87). Using local troponin cut‐off of 0.1 ng/mL, kappa coefficient was 0.94 for occasional users versus laboratory, 0.91 for experienced versus laboratory and 0.94 for experienced versus occasional users. Bland–Altman plots showed good agreement across the range of measured values. The sensitivity of i‐Stat (vs laboratory as criterion standard) was 92.2% (95% CI 83.8%–97.0%) with the local cut‐off but only 70.1% (95% CI 60.5%–78.6%) using the lowest cut‐off associated with acceptable reproducibility (10% coefficient of variation).Conclusions:  The i‐Stat POC device produces similar results in the hands of experienced and occasional operators in ED. There is good agreement between the POC and laboratory at levels used to diagnose infarction by older, more specific criteria. When compared using new lower cut‐offs, the i‐Stat had poor sensitivity.
Emergency department management of Colles‐type fractures: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Blakeney William , Webber Laurence 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective:  To assess radiographic outcomes from ED reduction of Colles‐type fractures.Design:  Prospective cohort.Setting:  One tertiary hospital in Western Australia.Participants:  All patients (184) between ages 21–85 years, presenting to ED with Colles‐type fractures between 1 April 2006 to 31 July 2008. Fractures were divided into two groups. Those with ≤15° dorsal angulation were classified as ‘minimally displaced’ and those with >15° dorsal angulation were classified as ‘displaced’.Main outcome measures:  Radiographic analysis of the dorsal angle on post‐reduction and 6 week post‐fracture X‐rays. A combined end‐point of poor outcome, as defined by either poor radiological result and/or progression to surgery.Results:  In the group of patients with displaced fractures, 69 of 114 (61%) went on to have an operation or a poor radiographic outcome versus 8 of 48 (17%) in the group with minimally displaced fractures, an absolute difference of 44% (95% CI 30–57%). Patients who had a minimally displaced fracture with an adequate reduction went on to have a satisfactory 6 week X‐ray in 37 of 43 cases (86%; 95% CI 75–96%). Patients who had a displaced fracture and an adequate reduction had a satisfactory 6 week X‐ray in 42 of 86 cases (49%; 95% CI 38–59%). Patients who had a displaced fracture and an inadequate reduction had a satisfactory 6 week X‐ray in only 3 of 22 cases (14%; 95% CI 0–28%).Conclusion:  The study highlights the importance of the initial ‘on arrival’ and ‘post‐reduction’ X‐rays in the ED. Displaced fractures are more likely to go onto poor outcome, as are inadequately reduced fractures. Medical officers working in ED should be aware of the importance of measuring the dorsal angle. They should be referring patients with >15° dorsal angulation to orthopaedics early. Reduction should not be accepted until the dorsal angle has been adequately corrected.
Factors influencing rural versus metropolitan work choices for emergency physicians
Authors: Meek Robert , Doherty Steven , Deans Adrienne 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives:  To survey Fellows of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (FACEM) on how a range of factors influenced their decision to accept their most recent position. To compare this information between rural and metropolitan FACEM.Methods:  Analytical cross‐sectional survey of FACEM. Sections included baseline demographics and a range of questions regarding the presence, absence and influence of 14 professional and 12 personal/external factors on the decision to accept their current position.Results:  Questionnaires were returned by 498 (61.9%) of 805 FACEM. Eighty‐seven (18.4%) were currently employed in rural areas. Rural FACEM were more likely to be male (odds ratio 2.0 [95% CI 1.1–3.9]) and to have worked for >12 months as a registrar in a rural hospital (odds ratio 4.5 [95% CI 2.2–9.1]). Negative influences for FACEM accepting rural positions included lack of access to continuing education, less acceptable on‐call arrangements, fewer employment opportunities for their partner and less educational opportunities for their children. Positive influences included acceptable remuneration, desirable lifestyle, a higher indigenous caseload and more affordable housing.Conclusions:  The influence of different types of factors appears to differ between rural and metropolitan FACEM and this information might assist in the formulation of strategies aimed at increasing the rural workforce.
Bright Lyα emitters at z ∼ 9: constraints on the LF from HizELS
Authors: Sobral D. , Best P. N. , Geach J. E. , Smail Ian , Kurk J. , Cirasuolo M. , Casali M. , Ivison R. J. , Coppin K. , Dalton G. B. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
New results are presented, as part of the Hi-z Emission Line Survey (HizELS), from the largest area survey to date (1.4 deg2) for Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z∼ 9. The survey, which is primarily targeting Hα emitters at z &lt; 3, uses the Wide Field CAMera on the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope and a custom narrow-band filter in the J band and reaches a Lyα luminosity limit of ∼1043.8 erg s−1 over a co-moving volume of 1.12 × 106 Mpc3 at z= 8.96 ± 0.06. Only two candidates were found out of 1517 line emitters and those were rejected as LAEs after follow-up observations. The limit on the space density of bright LAEs is improved by three orders of magnitude, consistent with suppression of the bright end of the Lyα luminosity function beyond z∼ 6. Combined with upper limits from smaller but deeper surveys, this rules out some of the most extreme models for high-redshift LAEs. The potential contamination of future narrow-band Lyα surveys at z &gt; 7 by Galactic brown dwarf stars is also examined, leading to the conclusion that such contamination may well be significant for searches at 7.7 &lt; z &lt; 8.0, 9.1 &lt; z &lt; 9.5 and 11.7 &lt; z &lt; 12.2.
SDSSJ092712.65+294344.0: a candidate massive black hole binary
Authors: Dotti M. , Montuori C. , Decarli R. , Volonteri M. , Colpi M. , Haardt F. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
In this Letter, we explore the hypothesis that the quasar SDSSJ092712.65+294344.0 is hosting a massive black hole binary embedded in a circumbinary disc. The lightest, secondary black hole is active, and gas orbiting around it is responsible for the blue-shifted broad emission lines with velocity off-set of 2650 km s−1, relative to the galaxy rest frame. As the tidal interaction of the binary with the outer disc is expected to excavate a gap, the blue-shifted narrow emission lines are consistent with being emitted from the low-density inhomogeneous gas of the hollow region. From the observations, we infer a binary mass ratio q≈ 0.3, a mass for the primary of M1≈ 2 × 109 M⊙, and a semimajor axis of 0.34 pc, corresponding to an orbital period of 370 years. We use the results of cosmological merger trees to estimate the likelihood of observing SDSSJ092712.65+294344.0 as recoiling black hole or as a binary. We find that the binary hypothesis is preferred being 100 times more probable than the ejection hypothesis. If SDSSJ092712.65+294344.0 hosts a binary, it would be the one closest massive black hole binary system ever discovered.