bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Summary of the effect of an exercise intervention on elderly with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaotang , Liu Lanjuan , Liu Cheng 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Many randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that exercise benefits cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but less attention has been paid to the development of exercise programs in this population.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the effect of exercise intervention for elderly with MCI and provide the most effective exercise intervention plan.

Methods:
We searched 4 international databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) and 4 Chinese databases (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP database and Wanfang database) for studies on exercises associated with MCI up to September 25, 2022. The resulting standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals were statistically analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software.

Results:
A total of 20 RCTs were comprised in this meta-analysis, including 1393 participants. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that exercise had positive effects on cognitive function in elderly with MCI and was statistically significant (SMD = 1.25, 95%CI: [0.88,1.62], P < .00001). Subgroup analysis showed that the most significant factor was the Peterson 2004 criteria, multi-exercise, 35 to 50 minutes/times, <3 times/3 to 5 times per week, >16 weeks and medium intensity.

Conclusion:
Exercise intervention can significantly alleviate cognition in elderly with MCI. The best exercise program for exercise intervention for MCI is: multi-exercise, 35 to 50 minutes/times, 3 to 5 times/week, and exercise cycle for more than 16 weeks with medium intensity, has the best effect. Plus, more RCTs with larger sample sizes will be required in the future to demonstrate the link between exercise duration, intensity, and cognitive function.
Comparative study of choline alfoscerate as a combination therapy with donepezil: A mixed double-blind randomized controlled and open-label observation trial
Authors: Lee Wankiun , Kim Manho 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Choline alfoscerate (alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine) is a phospholipid that includes choline, which increases the release of acetylcholine. The ASCOMALVA trial, a combination of donepezil and choline alfoscerate, slowed cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease. This study aims to replicate the effect by combining donepezil with other nootropics currently used in South Korea.

Methods:
The 119 patients with cognitive decline who were eligible to use donepezil, with an mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score of 26 or less, were assigned to: donepezil alone (DO); donepezil and choline alfoscerate (DN); donepezil and acetyl-l-carnitine (DA); or donepezil and ginkgo biloba extract (DG). Cognitive evaluations such as MMSE, clinical dementia rating, Alzheimer disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), and Alzheimer disease assessment scale-noncognitive subscale were performed at the 12th and 24th weeks from the baseline time point.

Results:
At the 12th week, the MMSE score increased 3.52% in the DN group, whereas it increased by 1.36% in the DO group. In the DA + DG group, it decreased by 2.17%. At the 24th week, the MMSE score showed an increase of 1.07% in the DO group and 1.61% in the DN group, but decreased by 5.71% in the DA + DG group. ADAS-Cog decreased by 0.9% in the DO group, while it improved by 13.9% in the DN group at the 12th week. At the 24th week, ADAS-Cog showed improvement in the DN group by 18.5%, whereas it improved by 9.4% in the DO group. Alzheimer disease assessment scale-noncognitive subscale also revealed better performance in the DN group than in the DO group at the 12th and 24th weeks.

Conclusion:
Choline alfoscerate exhibits additional cognitive improvement in both cognitive and noncognitive domains, supporting the findings of the ASCOMALVA trial.
Identification of Users’ Needs for Pediatric Upper Extremity Exoskeletons
Authors: Li Bai , Arcemont Sydney , Lobo Michele A. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
Identify users’ needs for pediatric upper extremity (UE) exoskeletons and how users would like exoskeletons to serve their needs.

Methods:
Qualitative study design with semi-structured interviews performed with families who are English-speaking with a child aged 3 to 16 years with a chronic need for UE assistance to perform activities. Content analysis was conducted for the responses.

Results:
Twenty-two parents and 12 children among 21 families participated. Families identified key personal care, function and mobility, manual interaction, academic, recreational, and social activities they would like devices to support. Families rated the importance of a variety of design factors. Families using UE wearable assistive devices noted that they better met their functional needs relative to other needs. Families provided design suggestions for future exoskeletons, including preferences for attachment mechanisms, fasteners, and control systems.

Conclusions:
This study provides important information to guide the prescription and design of UE exoskeletons for pediatric populations.(Pediatr Phys Ther 2024;35:304–312)
New chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy/Guillain–Barré syndrome guidelines – impact on clinical practise
Authors: Allen Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
There is no diagnostic biomarker that can reliably detect Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Diagnosis relies upon integrating key clinical characteristics and relevant supportive data. Consequently, misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis are common. Diagnostic criteria have proven valuable resources to improve diagnosis, but are underutilized during routine clinical care.

Recent findings
In 2021, the EAN/PNS CIDP criteria was published, and were followed by the EAN/PNS GBS criteria in 2023. Both guidelines utilized GRADE methodology to formulate evidence-based recommendations that are intended to be used by adult and paediatric clinicians across diverse care settings to optimize diagnostic accuracy and improve patient outcomes during routine clinical care.

Summary
The EAN/PNS GBS and CIDP criteria detail specific clinical, electrophysiological, and laboratory features that raise diagnostic confidence, and call attention to diagnostic mimics. The sensitivity of EAN/PNS and other modern criteria to detect GBS and CIDP is high, but utilization during clinical practice is low. Complexity is one factor limiting widespread application. Strategies are needed to optimize criteria adoption during routine clinical care such that GBS and CIDP diagnosis can be achieved with greater speed and accuracy.
Spatial Integration of Multi-Omics Data using the novel Multi-Omics Imaging Integration Toolset
Authors: Wess Maximillian , Andersen Maria K. , Midtbust Elise , Guillem Juan Carlos Cabellos , Viset Trond , Størkersen Øystein , Krossa Sebastian , Rye Morten Beck , Tessem May-Britt 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo truly understand the cancer biology of heterogenous tumors in the context of precision medicine, it is crucial to use analytical methodology capable of capturing the complexities of multiple omics levels, as well as the spatial heterogeneity of cancer tissue. Different molecular imaging techniques, such as mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) achieve this goal by spatially detecting metabolites and mRNA, respectively. To take full analytical advantage of such multi-omics data, the individual measurements need to be integrated into one dataset. We present MIIT (Multi-Omics Imaging Integration Toolset), a Python framework for integrating spatially resolved multi-omics data. MIIT’s integration workflow consists of performing a grid projection of spatial omics data, registration of stained serial sections, and mapping of MSI-pixels to the spot resolution of Visium 10x ST data. For the registration of serial sections, we designed GreedyFHist, a registration algorithm based on the Greedy registration tool. We validated GreedyFHist on a dataset of 245 pairs of serial sections and reported an improved registration performance compared to a similar registration algorithm. As a proof of concept, we used MIIT to integrate ST and MSI data on cancer-free tissue from 7 prostate cancer patients and assessed the spot-wise correlation of a gene signature activity for citrate-spermine secretion derived from ST with citrate, spermine, and zinc levels obtained by MSI. We confirmed a significant correlation between gene signature activity and all three metabolites. To conclude, we developed a highly accurate, customizable, computational framework for integrating spatial omics technologies and for registration of serial tissue sections.
OPTIMIZING SEGMENTATION IN OCCUPANCY MODELLING OF CAMERA-TRAP DATA
Authors: de Jager Monique , van Kuijk Marijke , Zwerts Joeri A. , Jansen Patrick A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccurate estimation of species’ abundances is a common challenge in conservation biology, particularly when abundances are compared in space or time. Occupancy modelling provides relative abundance estimates from camera-trapping data without the need for individual recognition. This requires segmentation of continuous records into a series of intervals with either detection or non-detection. While the segmentation method may have profound effects on the accuracy of occupancy modelling, no form of segmentation optimization is yet available.We assessed how segmentation, defined by interval length and number, influences the accuracy of predictions by the Royle-Nichols occupancy model and how this relationship depends on species’ density, study duration, and the number of sampling points. We simulated capture data using an individual-based model in which we varied the species’ densities between study locations, and then fitted models using different segmentations. Using the simulation results, we developed a simple tool for choosing optimal segmentation and the best minimum number of intervals to use. To provide an example, we used the optimization tool on actual data from a camera-trapping study in Western Equatorial Africa and compared relative wildlife abundances between two forest management types.We found that the optimum interval length for the Royle-Nichols occupancy model varied with species’ density, study duration, and the number of sampling points. By analyzing the empirical data, we found that optimal segmentation and minimum number of intervals differed substantially between species. Modelling with optimized, species-specific interval numbers and lengths yielded more conservative outcomes (i.e. fewer significant effects) than did modelling with fixed numbers and lengths. Furthermore, the choice of interval length can affect the direction of relationships.Our results indicate that the interval length is by no means a parameter to be standardized at a given value but should be carefully chosen based on the properties of the data at hand. This study shows that the arbitrary segmentation that is commonly used in occupancy modelling may not be optimal. Our tool helps to optimize segmentation, increases the accuracy of relative abundance estimations, and thus facilitates the use of camera-trapping studies to evaluate conservation measures.
Troriluzole Rescues Glutamatergic Deficits, Amyloid and Tau Pathology, and Synaptic and Memory Impairments in 3xTg-AD Mice
Authors: Pfitzer Jeremiah , Pinky Priyanka D. , Perman Savannah , Redmon Emma , Cmelak Luca , Suppiramaniam Vishnu , Coric Vladimir , Qureshi Irfan A. , Gramlich Michael W. , Reed Miranda N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition in which clinical symptoms are highly correlated with the loss of glutamatergic synapses. While later stages of AD are associated with markedly decreased glutamate levels due to neuronal loss, in the early stages, pathological accumulation of glutamate and hyperactivity contribute to AD pathology and cognitive dysfunction. There is increasing awareness that presynaptic dysfunction, particularly synaptic vesicle (SV) alterations, play a key role in mediating this early-stage hyperactivity. In the current study, we sought to determine whether the 3xTg mouse model of AD that exhibits both beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau-related pathology would exhibit similar presynaptic changes as previously observed in amyloid or tau models separately. Hippocampal cultures from 3xTg mice were used to determine whether presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporters (VGlut) and glutamate are increased at the synaptic level while controlling for postsynaptic activity. We observed that 3xTg hippocampal cultures exhibited increased VGlut1 associated with an increase in glutamate release, similar to prior observations in cultures from tau mouse models. However, the SV pool size was also increased in 3xTg cultures, an effect not previously observed in tau mouse models but observed in Aβ models, suggesting the changes in pool size may be due to Aβ and not tau. Second, we sought to determine whether treatment with troriluzole, a novel 3rdgeneration tripeptide prodrug of the glutamate modulator riluzole, could reduce VGlut1 and glutamate release to restore cognitive deficits in 8-month-old 3xTg mice. Treatment with troriluzole reduced VGlut1 expression, decreased basal and evoked glutamate release, and restored cognitive deficits in 3xTg mice. Together, these findings suggest presynaptic alterations are early events in AD that represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention, and these results support the promise of glutamate-modulating drugs such as troriluzole in Alzheimer’s disease.
Differential cell-ECM interaction of rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes regulated by PAX3-FOXO1
Authors: Chronopoulos Antonios , Chavez Ivan , Vemula Chandra , Mittal Nikhil , Zamloot Victoria , Han Sangyoon J , Park JinSeok 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common childhood soft tissue sarcoma, with two subtypes: Fusion-positive RMS (FPRMS), which has the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion gene, and fusion-negative RMS (FNRMS). Despite their distinct characteristics, treatments mainly rely on conventional chemotherapies without considering these differences. This study highlights that FNRMS cells exhibit significantly heightened interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) compared to FPRMS cells.Using single-cell RNA sequencing of skeletal muscle tissues and RNA sequencing of RMS samples, we identified the upregulation of genes related to cell-ECM interaction and TGFβ signaling in FNRMS compared to FPRMS. We also confirmed enhanced cell-ECM interaction stimulated by TGFβ signaling in FNRMS cells, using confocal reflection microscopy to monitor dynamic cell-ECM interaction and a live-cell sensor to quantitatively assess TGFβ signaling activity. Additionally, we discovered that the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion gene, characteristic of FPRMS, stimulated nitric oxide synthesis, which suppresses TGFβ signaling and reduces cell-ECM interaction.These findings suggest that PAX3-FOXO1 determines the diminished cell-ECM interactions in FPRMS. Experimental data show higher sensitivity of FNRMS to cell-ECM interaction disruption and TGFβ inhibition. Furthermore, the diminished cell-ECM interaction in FPRMS, allowing cells to survive in the ectopic environment through circulation, may partly explain its higher metastatic potential compared to FNRMS.
Football as foraging? Movements by individual players and whole teams exhibit Lévy walk dynamics
Authors: Shpurov Ivan , Froese Tom , Ikegami Takashi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMany organisms, ranging from modern humans to extinct species, exhibit movement patterns that can be described by Lévy walk dynamics. It has been demonstrated that such behavior enables optimal foraging when resource distribution is sparse. Here, we analyze a dataset of football player trajectories, recorded during the matches of the Japanese football league to elucidate the presence of statistical signatures of Lévy walks; such as the heavy-tailed distribution of distances traveled between significant turns and the characteristic superdiffusive behavior. We conjecture that the competitive environment of a football game leads to movement dynamics reminiscent of that observed in hunter-gathering populations and more broadly in any biological organisms foraging for resources, whose exact distribution is unknown to them. Apart from analyzing individual players’ movements, we investigate the dynamics of the whole team by studying the movements of its center of mass (team’s centroid). Remarkably, the trajectory of the centroid also exhibits Lévy walk properties, marking the first instance of such type of motion observed at the group level. Our work concludes with a comparative analysis of different teams and some discussion on the relevance of our findings to sports science and science more generally.
The Comparative Genome Dashboard
Authors: Paley Suzanne , Caspi Ron , O’Maille Paul , Karp Peter D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Comparative Genome Dashboard is a web-based software tool for interactive exploration of the similarities and differences in gene functions between organisms. It provides a high-level graphical survey of cellular functions, and enables the user to drill down to examine subsystems of interest in greater detail. At its highest level the Comparative Dashboard contains panels for cellular systems such as biosynthesis, energy metabolism, transport, and response to stimulus. Each panel contains a set of bar graphs that plot the numbers of compounds or gene products for each organism across a set of subsystems of that panel. Users can interactively drill down to focus on subsystems of interest and see grids of compounds produced or consumed by each organism, specific GO term assignments, pathway diagrams, and links to more detailed comparison pages. For example, the dashboard enables users to compare the cofactors that a set of organisms can synthesize, the metal ions that they are able to transport, their DNA damage repair capabilities, their biofilm-formation genes, and their viral response proteins. The dashboard enables users to quickly perform comprehensive comparisons at varying levels of detail.
TransMetaSegmentation (TMS): a transcriptome-based segmentation method for spatial metabolomic data
Authors: Wang Yongheng , Bender Kayle J. , Zhang Weidi , Lin Siyu , Neumann Elizabeth K. , Wang Aijun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful analytical tool that enables the visualization and comparison of relative abundances of metabolites across samples, shedding light on biological processes and disease mechanisms. Techniques such as scSpatMet enable the determination of cell boundaries and cell types through staining with 35 cell marker antibodies. Yet, distinguishing subpopulations of cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neuronal clusters in the brain, remains challenging using antibodies. In this context, we introduce TransMetaSegmentation (TMS), an alternative segmentation and cell typing method that integrates MALDI MSI imagery with single-cell spatial transcriptomic analysis. This approach not only delineates cell boundaries and defines cell types based on a number of marker genes but also effectively allocates metabolites to specific cell types in a high-throughput manner. We anticipate that TMS will improve the granularity of MALDI MSI analyses, advance our understanding of metabolic alterations in diseases, and have an impact on various fields within biomedical sciences.
Novel tools to quantify total, phospho-Ser129 and aggregated alpha-synuclein in the mouse brain
Authors: Trist Benjamin Guy , Wright Courtney Jade , Rangel Alejandra , Cottle Louise , Prasad Asheeta , Jensen Nanna Møller , Gram Hjalte , Dzamko Nicolas , Jensen Poul Henning , Kirik Deniz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAssays for quantifying aggregated and phosphorylated (S129) human α-synuclein protein are widely used to evaluate pathological burden in patients suffering from synucleinopathy disorders. Many of these assays, however, do not cross-react with mouse α-synuclein or exhibit poor sensitivity for this target, which is problematic considering the preponderance of mouse models at the forefront of pre-clinical α-synuclein research. In this project, we addressed this unmet need by reformulating two existing AlphaLISA®SureFire®UltraTMtotal and pS129 α-synuclein assay kits to yield robust and ultrasensitive (LLoQ ≤0.5pg/mL) quantification of mouse and human wild-type and pS129 α-synuclein protein. We then employed these assays, together with the BioLegend α-synuclein aggregate ELISA, to assess the relationship between α-synuclein S129 phosphorylation and aggregation in different mouse brain tissue preparations. Overall, we highlight the compatibility of these new immunoassays with rodent models and demonstrate their potential to advance knowledge surrounding α-synuclein phosphorylation and aggregation in synucleinopathies.
Neural Mechanisms of Mutualistic Fish Cleaning Behaviour: a Study in the Wild
Authors: Romeo Daniele , Ramirez-Calero Sandra , Ravasi Timothy , Rodolfo-Metalpa Riccardo , Schunter Celia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne crucial interaction for the health of fish communities in coral reefs is performed by the cleaner fish by removing ectoparasites and other particles from the body of other fish, so called clients. Studying the underlying mechanisms of this behaviour is essential to understanding how species react to social stimuli and defining the drivers of mutualism. Here, we pinpoint the neural molecular mechanisms in the cleaning behaviour ofLabroides dimidiatusin the wild through anin-situinteraction experiment at a coral reef in New Caledonia. Five cleaners and clients (Abudefduf saxatilis) were placed into underwater aquaria to interact, while five were not presented with a client. The brain transcriptomes revealed 291 differentially expressed genes in cleaners that were interacting with a client. Among these genes,grin2d, npy, slc6a3and immediate early genes (fosb;fosl1;nr4a1)were related to learning and memory, glutamate and dopamine pathways, which confirm molecular pathways observed in laboratory studies. However, a new potential mechanism was found withnpy(Neuropeptide Y) as a driver of feeding behaviour. These results show that in-situ experiments are essential for corroborating interpretations inferred from experiments in captivity and identify drivers of interspecific interactions.