bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Investigation of Elastomeric Structures
Authors: Näser Bastian , Kaliske Michael , Mars Will V. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Fatigue crack growth can occur in elastomeric structures whenever cyclic loading is applied. In order to design robust products, sensitivity to fatigue crack growth must be investigated and minimized. The task has two basic components: (1) to define the material behavior through measurements showing how the crack growth rate depends on conditions that drive the crack, and (2) to compute the conditions experienced by the crack. Important features relevant to the analysis of structures include time-dependent aspects of rubber’s stress-strain behavior (as recently demonstrated via the dwell period effect observed by Harbour et al.), and strain induced crystallization. For the numerical representation, classical fracture mechanical concepts are reviewed and the novel material force approach is introduced. With the material force approach at hand, even dissipative effects of elastomeric materials can be investigated. These complex properties of fatigue crack behavior are illustrated in the context of tire durability simulations as an important field of application.
Bulgarian golden root in vitro cultures for micropropagation and reintroduction
Authors: Tasheva Krasimira , Kosturkova Georgina 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Rhodiola rosea is an endangered medicinal plant used for cancer, cardiovascular, and nervous system diseases therapy. Due to its limited distribution and sustainability alternative methods for production of its valuable substances are under investigation. Using in vitro techniques apical and rhizome buds, leaf nodes, stem and radix segments from wild plants and in vitro seedlings were plated on 24 modified Murashige and Skoog (1962) media. Decontamination of plant material was successful only in 21% of the schemes. The best shoot induction was obtained from seedling explants on media containing 2 mg/l zeatin or N6-benzylaminopurine, each. Their reduction stimulated shoot formation in the next passages (multiplication rate up to 5). Efficient rooting was induced on half-strength MS with 2 mg/l Indole-3-butyric acid and stimulated by adding 0.2 mg/l Indolyl-3-acetic acid. Regenerants rooted in perlite, peat, and soil (1:1:2), adapted in greenhouse, and transplanted in the mountains survived (70%) and developed like the wild plants. Salidroside content of these plants after one or two years was high (0.64 and 0.61% in rhizomes and 0.62 and 0.53% in roots, respectively). This is the first established efficient scheme for micropropagation of Bulgarian R. rosea allowing habitats restoration, germplasm conservation, and potential application of biotechnology for production of valuable substances.
Polyethylene glycol-mediated synthesis of decahydroacridine-1,8-diones catalyzed by ceric ammonium nitrate
Authors: Kidwai Mazaahir , Bhatnagar Divya 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPolyethylene glycol was found to be an inexpensive non-toxic and effective medium for one pot synthesis of high yields of decahydroacridine-1,8-diones in the presence of ceric ammonium nitrate as the catalyst. Moreover, the solvent can be recovered and reused.
Ranking of the Nonlinearities of Electrodynamic Loudspeakers
Authors: Ravaud Romain , Lemarquand Guy , Lemarquand Valérie , Roussel Tangi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present a way of ranking the nonlinearities of electrodynamic loudspeakers. For this purpose, we have constructed a nonlinear analytic model which takes into account the variations of the small signal parameters. The determination of these variations is based on a very precise measurement of the electrical impedance of the electrodynamic loudspeaker. First, we present the experimental method to identify the variations of these parameters, then we propose to study theoretically the importance of these nonlinearities according to the input level or the input frequency. We show that the parameter which creates most of the distortions is not always the same and depends mainly on both the input level and the input frequency. Such results can be very useful for optimization of electrodynamic loudspeakers.
A Digitally Controlled Model of an Active Ultrasonic Transducer Matrix for Projection Imaging of Biological Media
Authors: Opieliński Krzysztof , Gudra Tadeusz , Pruchnicki Piotr 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe following work presents the idea of constructing a digitally controlled active piezoceramic transducer matrix for ultrasonic projection imaging of biological media in a similar way as in case of roentgenography (RTG). Multielement ultrasonic probes in the form of flat matrices of elementary piezoceramic transducers require attaching a large number of electrodes in order to activate the individual transducers. This paper presents the idea of minimising the number of transducer connections in an active row-column matrix system. This idea was verified by designing a model of a matrix consisting of 16 ultrasonic transducers with electrode attachments optimised by means of electronic switches in rows and columns and miniature transistor switches in the nodes of the matrix allowing to activate selected transducers. The results of measurements and simulations of parameters of the designed matrix show that it is suitable to be used in projection imaging of biological media as a sending probe. In to use the matrix as a universal sending or receiving probe, it was suggested to add further switches that would eliminate the undesired effect of crosstalks in case of switches used for toggling the transducers in the nodes of the matrix.
Noise at Workplaces in the Call Center
Authors: Smagowska Bożena 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the last years the number of new forms of workplaces, such as call centers, increases. It is defined as a workstation where the basic tasks of a worker are carried out with the use of a phone and a computer. According to statistics, about 1.3-4% of workers are employed in call centers in the European countries. The noise is one of the harmful and annoying hazards of call center workstations. The paper presents the noise sources in call center rooms, assessment criteria of noise and results of noise measurements in call center workstations. The results of measurements show that the noise at call center workstations (during the use of handset receiver phone by operators) can be harmful (causing the risk of hearing loss) and annoying, as it makes it difficult to carry out the basic work activities and causes additionally auditory disadvantageous changes in health.
Persistent Mobility Disability After Neurotoxic Chemotherapy
Authors: Hile Elizabeth S. , Fitzgerald G. Kelley , Studenski Stephanie A. 
Published: September 2010

Background and Purpose
The impact of cancer and its treatments on balance and functional mobility in older adults remains unknown but is increasingly important, given the evolution of cancer treatments. Subacute and more persistent side effects such as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy are on the rise, and the effects on mobility and balance, as well as the prognosis for resolution of any functional deficits, must be established before interventions can be trialed. The purpose of this case report is to describe the severity and long-term persistence of mobility decline in an older adult who received neurotoxic chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to describe an older adult with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy using results of standardized balance and mobility tests and to focus on prognosis by repeating these measures more than 2 years after chemotherapy.

Case Description
An 81-year-old woman received a neurotoxic agent (paclitaxel) after curative mastectomy for breast cancer. Baseline testing prior to taxane therapy revealed a socially active woman with no reported functional deficits or neuropathic symptoms, 1.2-m/s gait speed, and performance at the ceiling on balance and gait portions of a standardized mobility measure.

Outcomes
After 3 cycles, paclitaxel therapy was stopped by the oncologist because of neurotoxicity. Declines as large as 50% were seen in performance-based measures at 12 weeks and persisted at 2.5 years, and the patient reported recurrent falls, cane use, and mobility-related disability.

Discussion
This case highlights the extent to which function can decline in an older individual receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy, the potential for these deficits to persist years after treatment is stopped, and the need for physical therapy intervention and further research in this population.
Promoting the Use of Measurement Tools in Practice: A Mixed-Methods Study of the Activities and Experiences of Physical Therapist Knowledge Brokers
Authors: Rivard Lisa M. , Russell Dianne J. , Roxborough Lori , Ketelaar Marjolijn , Bartlett Doreen J. , Rosenbaum Peter 
Published: September 2010

Background
The use of knowledge brokers (KBs) has been recommended as a mechanism to facilitate the use of research evidence in clinical practice. However, little has been written regarding the practical implementation of the KB role.

Objectives
This article (1) describes the brokering activities of 24 pediatric physical therapist KBs (in Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia, Canada), and (2) reports KBs' perceptions of the utility of their role and their experiences with the brokering process.

Design
A mixed-methods research design was used in this investigation, which was part of a larger knowledge translation (KT) study that demonstrated the effectiveness of using KBs to implement a group of evidence-based measurement tools into practice.

Methods
The KBs completed weekly activity logs, which were summarized and described. Semi-structured telephone interviews with KBs were analyzed qualitatively to provide insight into their perceptions of their role and the brokering process. Major interview themes were identified and verified through member checking.

Results
Brokering activities varied considerably as KBs adapted to meet the needs of their colleagues. The KBs indicated that they highly valued the connection to the research community and spoke of the enthusiastic engagement of their physical therapist colleagues (and others in their organization) in the brokering process. They discussed the importance of understanding the practice context and organizational factors that could affect knowledge transfer. The KBs spoke of the need to dedicate time for the role and had a strong sense of the supports needed to implement a KB role in future.

Conclusions
Considerable variation in brokering activities was demonstrated across KB participants. The KBs perceived their role as useful and indicated that organizational commitment is crucial to the success of this KT strategy.
Is banner blindness genuine? Eye tracking internet text advertising
Authors: Hervet Guillaume , Guérard Katherine , Tremblay Sébastien , Chtourou Mohamed Saber 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOver the last decade or so, the Internet has become a privileged media for advertisement. Despite this increase in popularity, several studies suggested that Internet users ‘avoid’ looking at ads (what is often referred to as the banner blindness phenomena). This conclusion, however, rests mostly on indirect evidence that participants do not remember the ad content. Therefore, it is unclear whether participants actually fixated the ads and how their gaze behaviour is related to memory for the ad. In the present study, we investigated whether Internet users avoid looking at ads inserted on a non‐search website using an analysis of eye movements, and if the ad content is kept in memory. Our results show that most participants fixate the ads at least once during their website visit. Moreover, even though the congruency between the ad and the editorial content had no effect on fixation duration on the ad, congruent ads were better memorised than incongruent ads. This study provides a novel and systematic method for assessing the processing and retention of advertisements during a website visit. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Art and Science of Tailoring Materials by Nanostructuring for Advanced Properties Using SPD Techniques
Authors: Valiev Ruslan Z. , Langdon Terence G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn recent years a breakthrough has developed in the studies of nanostructured metals and alloys as advanced structural and functional materials associated both with the development of new routes for the fabrication of bulk nanostructured materials using severe plastic deformation (SPD) and with investigations of the fundamental mechanisms that lead to the new properties of these materials. This review paper discusses new concepts and principles in using SPD processing to fabricate bulk nanostructured metals with advanced properties. Special emphasis is placed on the relationship between microstructural features and properties, as well as the innovation potential of SPD‐produced nanomaterials.
Measuring the External Quantum Efficiency of Two‐Terminal Polymer Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Gilot Jan , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTandem configurations, in which two cells are stacked and connected in series, offer a viable approach to further increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells. To enable the future rational design of new materials it is important to accurately assess the contributions of individual subcells. Such accurate measurement of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the subcells of two‐terminal organic or polymer tandem solar cells poses specific challenges, caused by two characteristics of these cells, i.e. a sub‐linear light intensity dependence of the current and a field‐assisted charge collection. These properties necessitate that EQE experiments are carried out under representative illumination conditions and electrical bias to maintain short‐circuit conditions for the addressed subcell. We describe a method to determine the magnitudes of the bias illumination and bias voltage during EQE measurements, based on the behavior of single junction cells and optical modeling. The short‐circuit current densities of the subcells obtained by convolution of the EQE with the AM1.5G solar spectrum are consistent with those obtained from optical modeling and correctly predict the current density–voltage characteristics of the tandem cell under AM1.5G conditions.
An Efficient and General Microwave‐Assisted Copper‐Catalyzed Conia‐Ene Reaction of Terminal and Internal Alkynes Tethered to a Wide Variety of Carbonucleophiles
Authors: Montel Sonia , Bouyssi Didier , Balme Geneviève 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a highly efficient, microwave‐assisted, Conia‐ene reaction of alkynes bearing a stabilizing carbon nucleophile. The reaction, catalyzed by a commercially available copper catalyst, proceeds under neutral conditions and is generally applicable even to less reactive nucleophiles such as malonate, cyanoacetate, and sulfonylacetate derivatives. This copper‐mediated cycloisomerization is also applicable to internal unactivated alkynes leading exclusively to the corresponding 5‐membererd products having an E‐olefinic chemistry.
Convenient synthesis of benzamides mediated by poly(4‐vinylpyridine)‐supported benzoyl chloride
Authors: Karimi Zarchi Mohammad Ali , Bahadoran Azadeh 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe use of polymeric reagents simplifies the routine acylation of amines because it eliminates traditional purification. In this article, the use of readily available crosslinked poly(4‐vinylpyridine)‐supported benzoyl chloride as an acylating agent of amines in the presence of K2CO3 in n‐hexane is described. The product was readily obtained by the filtration and evaporation of the solvent. The spent polymeric reagent could be regenerated and reused. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Oligomeric isosorbide esters as alternative renewable resource plasticizers for PVC
Authors: Yin Bo , Hakkarainen Minna 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOligo(isosorbide adipate) (OSA), oligo(isosorbide suberate) (OSS), and isosorbide dihexanoate (SDH) were synthesized and evaluated as renewable resource alternatives to traditional phthalate plasticizers. The structure of the synthesized oligomers was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐ and 13C‐NMR), and molecular weight was determined by size exclusion chromatograph. The plasticizers were blended with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and the miscibility and properties of the blends were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, tensile testing, and thermogravimetry. Especially the blends plasticized with SDH had almost identical properties with PVC/diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) blends. The blends containing OSA and OSS plasticizers, based on dicarboxylic acids, had somewhat lower strain at break but higher stress at break and better thermal stability compared to the PVC/DIOP or PVC/SDH blends. All the synthesized isosorbide plasticizers showed potential as alternative PVC plasticizers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Cellulose from cladophorales green algae: From environmental problem to high‐tech composite materials
Authors: Mihranyan Albert 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article represents the first attempt to summarize the knowledge about the structure and functional properties of green algae cellulose since 1885, when cellulose of algal origin was first described. Here, I systematically discuss the unique structural characteristics of Cladophora cellulose. This specific interest in Cladophora filamentous green algae is justified by unwanted global socioenvironmental problems associated with seasonal blooms by these algae. Thus, the physicochemical properties and the use of this unique material are discussed in a broad context. Several high‐tech applications wherein the use of Cladophora cellulose is highly beneficial are highlighted. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Student‐centered integrated anatomy resource sessions at Alfaisal University
Authors: Cowan Michèle , Arain Nasir Nisar , Assale Tawfic Samer Abu , Assi Abdulelah Hassan , Albar Raed Alwai , Ganguly Paul K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlfaisal University is a new medical school in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that matriculates eligible students directly from high school and requires them to participate in a hybrid problem‐based learning (PBL) curriculum. PBL is a well‐established student‐centered approach, and the authors have sought to examine if a student‐centered, integrated approach to learn human structures leads to positive perceptions of learning outcomes. Ten students were divided into four groups to rotate through wet and dry laboratory stations (integrated resource sessions, IRSs) that engaged them in imaging techniques, embryology, histology, gross anatomy (dissections and prosections), surface anatomy, and self‐directed learning questions. All IRSs were primarily directed by students. During two second‐semester organ system blocks, forty students responded to a structured questionnaire designed to poll students' perceptions of changes in their knowledge, skills, and attitudes as a result of IRS. The majority (60%) of students felt that the student‐centered approach to learning enhanced their medical knowledge. Most students also felt that the IRS approach was advantageous for formulating clear learning objectives (55%) and in preparing for examinations (65%). Despite their positive feelings toward IRS, students did not view this learning approach as an adequate replacement for the knowledge gained from lectures and textbooks. Students' performance on objective structured practical examinations improved significantly for the two curricular blocks that included IRS compared with earlier non‐IRS blocks. A student‐centered approach to teach human structure in a hybrid PBL curriculum may enhance understanding of the basic sciences in first‐year medical students. Anat Sci Educ 3:272–275, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Single chain Fv fragment specific for human GM‐CSF: Selection and expression using a bacterial expression library
Authors: Tapryal Suman , Pal khasa Yogender , Mukherjee K. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSingle chain antibodies (scFvs) are replacing whole antibody molecules since they are easy to produce on large scale and amenable to genetic modifications. Here we report the development of an anti‐human granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (hGM‐CSF) scFv as an immunoassay bio‐reagent, utilizing an easily scalable bacterial expression system. For this, the VHand VLgene repertoires were amplified from the immunoglobulin complementary DNA, derived from total RNA of mice splenocytes, pre‐sensitized with the antigen. The scFv library was expressed under the strong T7 promoter in BL21 (DE3)Escherichia colicells. Preliminary screening led to the selection of four potential candidates, which were later subjected to light chain shuffling. Cross‐reactivity analysis involving the original and shuffled candidates resulted in the selection of one scFv (scFv196) with no cross‐reactivity againstE. coliantigens. The binding affinity of the scFv196 for hGM‐CSF, measured by surface plasmon resonance, was found to be within the physiological range (KD=1.5μM). The refolded scFv was also shown to recognize and bind the glycosylated antigen, a closer mimic of the physiological GM‐CSF, potentiating its use in immunoassays. Expression studies using shake flasks suggested periplasmic export of the scFv196 protein.
Phosphoglycerate mutase knock‐out mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Physiological investigation and transcriptome analysis
Authors: Papini Marta , Nookaew Intawat , Scalcinati Gionata , Siewers Verena , Nielsen Jens 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to adapt its metabolism to grow on different carbon sources and to shift to non‐fermentative growth on C2 or C3 carbon sources (ethanol, acetate, or glycerol) through the activation of gluconeogenesis. Here, we studied the response to the deletion of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic gene GPM1, encoding for phosphoglycerate mutase. It was previously shown that a S. cerevisiae strain with non‐functional copies of GPM1 can only grow when glycerol and ethanol are both present as carbon sources, whilst addition of glucose was shown to strongly inhibit growth. It was suggested that glycerol is needed to feed gluconeogenesis whilst ethanol is required for respiration. Here, we studied the physiological response of the GPM1 knock‐out mutant through fermentation and transcriptome analysis. Furthermore, we compared the physiological results with those obtained through simulations using a genome‐scale metabolic model, showing that glycerol is only needed in small amounts for growth. Our findings strongly suggest a severely impaired growth ability of the knock‐out mutant, which presents increased transcript levels of genes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway and in the glyoxylate shunt. These results indicate an attempt to compensate for the energy imbalance caused by the deletion of the glycolytic/gluconeogenic gene within the mutant.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron and Geometrical Structure of Sulfur Chlorides SCln (n = 1‐6) and Their Anions
Authors: GUTSEV G. L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.