bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of target sound extraction system in frequency domain and its performance evaluation in actual room environments
Authors: Kousaka Masanori , Suyama Kenji 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we present a real‐time implementation of target sound extraction operating in a frequency domain using a microphone array, and describe its performance evaluation in actual room environments. In the realized system, the target sound extraction can be achieved by using the FDGSC (Frequency Domain Generalized Sidelobe Canceler) which is one of GSCS. In each frequency band, the FDGSC is composed of a fixed beamformer part for target sound enhancement and an adaptive filter part for noisy sound reduction. Since the FDGSC is required to apply the DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) in every sound data block, the processing for a series of block data must be completed within the transfer time of block data in the real‐time system. Thus, we implemented the FDGSC using a general‐purpose DSP (Digital Signal Processor) evaluation board which enabled us to perform high‐speed signal processing. Superior performance of real‐time processing and target sound extraction are shown by several experimental results in real room environments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(7): 9–16, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10334
Chiral selectivity of guanosine media in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Dong Yingying , McGown Linda B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGels formed by self‐association of monomeric guanosine compounds join numerous other agents such as cyclodextrins, crown ethers, chiral surfactants, antibiotics, proteins, and polysaccharides for chiral separations. Guanosine gels (G‐gels) are self‐assembled networks of hydrogen‐bonded tetrads formed by guanosine nucleotides and their derivatives. The tetrads stack upon themselves to form columnar, helical aggregates that are stabilized by π–π interactions and centrally located cations. Previous work showed the effectiveness of G‐gels formed by guanosine‐5′‐monophophate for separation of the enantiomers of the cationic drug propranolol using capillary electrophoresis. Subsequently, it was found that not all chiral compounds could be resolved into their enantiomers, leading us to investigate in this work the structural features that appear to be correlated to enantiomerically selective interactions of chiral compounds with G‐gels. For those compounds (anionic 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diyl hydrogen phosphate and zwitterionic tryptophan) for which enantiomeric resolution was achieved, the effects of experimental conditions and G‐gel composition were examined. For other compounds with no net charge (hydrobenzoin and zwitterionic amino acids and derivatives), the migration times were used as an indicator of the extent of interaction with the G‐gel run buffer. It was found that the extent of interaction alone does not determine the chiral selectivity of the G‐gel, indicating that the mechanism of chiral separation involves particular structural characteristics of the chiral compounds.
Identification of tyrosine nitration in UCH‐L1 and GAPDH
Authors: Guingab‐Cagmat Joy D. , Stevens Stanley M. , Ratliff Mary V. , Zhang Zhiqun , Gold Mark S. , Anagli John , Wang Kevin K. W. , Kobeissy Firas H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractProtein tyrosine nitration is a post‐translational modification commonly used as a marker of cellular oxidative stress associated with numerous pathophysiological conditions. We focused on ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase‐L1 (UCH‐L1) and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate (GAPDH) which are high‐abundant brain proteins that have been identified to be highly susceptible to oxidative modification. Both UCH‐L1 and GAPDH have been linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, however specific nitration sites have not been elucidated. Identification of specific nitration sites and quantitation of endogenous nitrated proteins are important in correlating this modification to disease pathology. In this study, purified UCH‐L1 and GAPDH were nitrated in vitro with peroxynitrite and the presence of nitrated proteins was confirmed by anti‐3‐nitrotyrosine Western blots. Data‐dependent LC‐MS/MS analysis identified several distinct tyrosine nitration sites in UCH‐L1 (Tyr‐80) and GAPDH (Tyr‐47, Tyr‐92, and Tyr‐312). Subsequent validation with synthetic peptides was conducted for selected nitropeptides. An LC‐MS/MS method was developed for semi‐quantitative determination of the synthetic nitropeptides: KGQEVSPKVY*(UCH‐L1) and mFQY*DSTHGKF (GAPDH). The nitropeptides were detectable in the mid‐attomole range and the peak area response was linear over three orders of magnitude. Targeted analysis of endogenous UCH‐L1 and GAPDH nitration was then conducted in an in vivo second‐hand smoke rat model to evaluate the utility of this approach.
Mass spectrometry characterization for chemoenzymatic glycoprotein synthesis
Authors: Schiel John E. , Lowenthal Mark S. , Phinney Karen W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe current project describes the chemoenzymatic modification of bovine ribonuclease B (RNase B) to contain a single glycosylation site with a known glycan. A reactive disaccharide oxazoline derivative was synthesized and stereospecifically added to deglycosylated RNase B through endo‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase M catalyzed chemoenzymatic transglycosylation. Oxazoline formation conditions were optimized using mass spectrometry, and the product verified based on its collision‐induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrum. Enzymatic removal of native glycans as well as formation of the desired homogeneous product was also monitored using mass spectrometry. LC‐MSn using four sequential rounds of CID was used to verify that the original glycosylation site had been reorganized to contain the new glycan. The techniques described herein are not limited to this analyte or glycan and should be amenable to the synthesis of numerous homogeneous glycoconjugates with judicious choice of enzyme/substrate combinations. The combined use of chemoenzymatic synthesis and mass spectrometry‐based characterization shows promise for the development of homogeneous glycoprotein reference materials. A well‐defined glycoprotein standard containing a single glycan of known composition, linkage and stereochemistry would be of great value for the comparison and evaluation of glycoprotein analysis techniques. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Azidoacetone as a complexing agent of transition metals Ni2+/Co2+ promoted dissociation of the CC bond in azidoacetone
Authors: Assis Ana C. , Couto Narciso , Duarte M. Filomena , Rodrigues Paula , Barros M. Teresa , Costa M. Lourdes , Cabral Benedito J. C. , Fernandez M. Tereza 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe relevance of metal interactions with azides has led us to the study of the complexation of some transition metals, nickel and cobalt, by azidoacetone by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Complexes were obtained from solutions of NiCl2 and CoCl2, in methanol/water. Nickel was electrosprayed with other counter ion, bromide (Br), as well as other solvent (ethanol/water). For nickel and cobalt, the complexes detected were single positively charged, with various stoichiometries, some resulted from the fragmentation of the ligand, the loss of N2 being quite common. The most abundant species were [Ni(II)Az2X]+ where X = Cl, Br and Az = azidoacetone. Some of the complexes showed solvation with the solvent components. Metal reduction was observed in complexes where a radical was lost, resulting from the homolytic cleavage of a metal coordination bond. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments followed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS‐MS) analysis were not absolutely conclusive about the coordination site. However, terminal ions of the fragmentation routes were explained by a gas‐phase mechanism proposed where a CC bond was activated and the metal inserted subsequently. Density functional theory calculations provided structures for some complexes. In [Ni(II)Az2X]+ species, one azidoacetone ligand is monodentate and the dominant binding location is the alkylated nitrogen and not the carbonyl group. The other azidoacetone ligand is bidentate showing coordination through alkylated nitrogen and the carbonyl group. These are also the preferential binding sites for the most stable isomer of [Ni(II)AzX]+ species. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous and high‐throughput quantitation of urinary tetranor PGDM and tetranor PGEM by online SPE‐LC–MS/MS as inflammatory biomarkers
Authors: Zhang Yizhong , Zhang Guodong , Clarke Philip A. , Huang Jeffrey T. J. , Takahashi Eddie , Muirhead David , Steenwyk Rick C. , Lin Zhaosheng 
Published: June 2011

AbstractQuantitation of urinary tetranor PGDM or tetranor PGEM (tPGDM and tPGEM) in the past was performed separately using off‐line SPE LC–MS/MS methods. The manual SPE procedure is generally time‐consuming and cost‐ineffective. In addition, simultaneous quantitation of tPGDM and tPGEM is favorable yet very challenging because of the similar chemical structures and identical MRM transitions. This work describes the development and validation of a high‐throughput online SPE‐LC–MS/MS method, allowing simultaneous and high‐throughput measurement of tPGDM and tPGEM in human urine. The reportable range of the assay was 0.2–40 ng/ml for tPGDM and 0.5–100 ng/ml for tPGEM. Intra‐ and inter‐assay precision and accuracy determined using quality control samples were all within acceptable ranges (% CV and % Bias < 15%). Tetranor PGDM was stable under all tested conditions while tPGEM was stable at 4 °C and after three F/T cycles but not stable at room temperature for 24 h (recovery below 80%). The assay was applied to measure urinary tPGDM and tPGEM among healthy volunteers, smokers and COPD patients. Significantly higher urinary levels of both tPGDM and tPGEM were observed in COPD patients than those of non‐smoking healthy volunteers. These results demonstrated that the high‐throughput online SPE‐LC–MS/MS assay provides sensitive, reproducible and accurate measurement of urinary tPGDM and tPGEM as biomarkers for assessing inflammatory diseases such as COPD. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 12th Human Liver Proteome Project (HLPP) Workshop, September 2010, Sydney, Australia
Authors: Zhang Xueli , He Fuchu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe 12th HLPP workshop was held in conjunction with the 9th HUPO 2010 World Congress on September 20th in Sydney, Australia. This 2‐h workshop was chaired by Prof. Fuchu He (Beijing Proteome Research Center). Highlights included: (i) progress of the post‐translational modification of liver proteome; (ii) construction of the human liver protein interaction and localization maps; (iii) progress made in terms of identifying biomarker for liver diseases; and (iv) discussion on the second phase of the initiative. This was followed by a lively discussion related to the project.
Nanocontact size dependence of the properties of vortex‐based spin torque oscillators
Authors: Otxoa R. M. , Manfrini M. , Devolder T. , Kim J.‐V. , van Roy W. , Lagae L. , Chappert C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe study the frequency, linewidth, and power of spin torque driven vortex oscillators, based on a nanocontacted spin‐valve (SV). The oscillation frequency strongly decreases with the contact size, and increases with the current. The power delivered by the oscillator is not quadratic with the current, in contrast with the behavior expected from the rigid vortex model (RVM). The linewidth is almost independent of the current at low current and does not strongly depend on the nanocontact size. We compare our findings with the outcomes of the RVM.
Brief report: How anxiously withdrawn preadolescents think about friendship
Authors: Fredstrom Bridget K. , Rose‐Krasnor Linda , Campbell Kelly , Rubin Kenneth H. , Booth‐LaForce Cathryn , Burgess Kim B. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTPrevious research suggests that anxiously withdrawn preadolescents demonstrate success in forming friendships, yet these friendships tend to be of lesser quality. Drawing on Selman's (1980) theory of interpersonal understanding, we compared levels of friendship understanding between anxiously withdrawn preadolescents and a sample of non‐withdrawn age mates. Fifth graders (N = 116; 58% girls; mean age = 10.33 yrs) completed same‐sex friendship and social behavior nominations, as well as a semi‐structured clinical interview assessing understanding of various friendship issues in response to a hypothetical friendship dilemma. Results suggest that anxiously withdrawn preadolescents demonstrated lower levels of friendship understanding for some, but not all, friendship issues that may be related to friendship quality. The findings suggest that social cognitive assessments of friendship may be useful in understanding the friendship successes and difficulties of anxiously withdrawn preadolescents.
Measuring self-harm in adults: A systematic review
Authors: Borschmann R. , Hogg J. , Phillips R. , Moran P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPurposeTo identify from the literature, and to critically evaluate, all validated instruments currently available to measure self-harming behaviour in adults.Materials and methodsMedline, Embase, PsycInfo, Health and Psychosocial Instruments and Google scholar were searched, grey literature was sought and the reference lists of relevant articles were checked to identify instruments.ResultsA total of seven validated instruments which met our inclusion criteria were identified and data were extracted regarding each instrument's format, administration method, psychometric properties and number of items and domains included. Considerable variation was observed in the overall quality of these instruments. Fourteen other instruments were identified which did not describe their psychometric properties or had not been published and were subsequently excluded from our review.DiscussionAlthough many instruments were identified in our search, only a small number had been validated with published psychometric properties. Of the identified instruments, the Suicide Attempt Self-Injury Interview (SASII) appears to be the most robust and comprehensive instrument currently available. Despite the absence of psychometric data, numerous other instruments have been used in published studies, including clinical trials.ConclusionOur results highlight the pressing need for a standardized, empirically validated and versatile measure of intentional self-harming behaviour for use in both clinical and research settings. The optimum characteristics of such an instrument are discussed.
Oxidative stress is implicated in arsenic‐induced neural tube defects in chick embryos
Authors: Han Zhong‐Ji , Song Ge , Cui Yi , Xia Hong‐Fei , Ma Xu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe potential of arsenic to induce neural tube defects (NTDs) remains a topic of controversy. In our previous study, oxidative stress and altered DNA methylation were observed in arsenic‐exposed animal models. However, the correlation between these conditions was not fully understood. Therefore, our present aim was to determine whether arsenic exposure results in altered reactive oxygen species levels that affect DNA methylation and may contribute to NTDs in chick embryos. We demonstrated that arsenic‐induced NTDs were associated with oxidative stress. Increased intracellular oxidative species and DNA methylation changes were observed following arsenic exposure. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in manganese superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, a significant decrease in DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 and 3a expression was observed following arsenic exposure. The known antioxidant N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine, a known antioxidant, ameliorated global DNA hypomethylation and the decreased DNMT 1 and 3a expression observed during arsenic exposure. In addition, arsenic caused a significant decrease in S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) and significant increase in S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). This effect resulted in a significant reduction of the SAM/SAH ratio, which may also contribute to DNA hypomethylation. In conclusion, oxidative stress and reduction in SAM/SAH ratio during arsenic exposure in chick embryos seem to modulate DNA methylation and contribute to arsenic‐induced NTDs via epigenetic mechanisms.
WSAVA Nutritional Assessment Guidelines
Authors: Freeman Lisa , Becvarova Iveta , Cave Nick , MacKay Clayton , Nguyen Patrick , Rama Betina , Takashima Gregg , Tiffin Ross , van Beukelen Peter , Yathiraj S 
Published: June 2011

Objectives Careful assessment of the nutritional needs of cats and dogs must be taken into consideration in order to maintain optimum health, be part of a treatment regimen for a diseased state, or to maximize the quality of life in all animals. The goal of these World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Guidelines is that a nutritional assessment and specific nutritional recommendation is made for every patient on every visit. This will become known as the 5th Vital Assessment (5VA), following the four vital assessments of temperature, pulse, respiration and pain that are already addressed on each patient interaction. Evaluation of nutritional status A brief screening evaluation of nutritional status can be routinely and seamlessly performed during the history-taking and physical examination of every patient. Nutrition-related risk factors that can be easily identified from the history and physical examination include age (growing or old), suboptimal body condition score (overweight or thin), muscle loss, atypical or homemade diet, medical conditions or changes in appetite. An extended evaluation would follow if one or more risk factors is identified on screening. These guidelines provide criteria with which to evaluate the animal and the diet, as well as key feeding and environmental factors. In addition, recommendations for interpretation, analysis and action are included so that a plan for optimizing the animal's nutritional status can be instituted. Team approach Client compliance with nutritional recommendations requires input from the veterinarian, veterinary technicians/nurses and hospital staff. A team approach to continuous nutritional education, implementation of appropriate protocols, and focused client communication, utilizing these WSAVA Nutritional Assessment Guidelines, is key to reaching this 5VA goal.
Vitamin D-Dependent Non-Type 1, Non-Type 2 Rickets in a 3-Month-Old Cornish Rex Kitten
Authors: Phillips Angela M , Fawcett Anne C , Allan Graeme S , Wilkinson Margaret , Fraser David R , Malik Richard 
Published: June 2011

Case presentation and assessment A 3-month-old female Cornish Rex kitten was found to have non-painful swelling of the carpal and tarsal regions when presented for routine neutering. The kitten was smaller in stature and less active than its siblings and, according to the owner, had a bunny-hopping gait, was reluctant to climb stairs and strained during defecation. Radiography of the affected limbs and a subsequent radiographic survey of the entire skeleton demonstrated features consistent with rickets. The three littermates were clinically and radiographically normal. As a nutritionally complete diet was being fed, it seemed most likely that the kitten had an inborn error related to vitamin D metabolism. Serum biochemistry demonstrated reduced total alkaline phosphatase activity and increased concentrations of parathyroid hormone. Concentrations of 1,25- and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were markedly reduced, confirming the diagnosis of rickets. Treatment The kitten was treated with calcitriol, administered orally once daily, and improved rapidly both clinically and radiologically. Serial laboratory studies suggested that the error in vitamin D metabolism was transient, and, at the time of writing, as an adult, the cat appears to require no ongoing replacement calcitriol therapy. Clinical relevance This case emphasises the value of examining a full ‘calcium profile’ via a human or veterinary reference laboratory, and a favourable prognosis in some kittens with rickets makes such investigations worthwhile. Even when finances preclude detailed investigation, trial therapy using a nutritionally complete diet and physiological doses of calcitriol or cholecalciferol is inexpensive and can produce a good response.
Tree-ring dates on two pre-Little Ice Age advances in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA
Authors: Wiles Gregory C. , Lawson Daniel E. , Lyon Eva , Wiesenberg Nicholas , D'Arrigo R. D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTwo interstadial tree ring-width chronologies from Geikie Inlet, Glacier Bay Southeast, Alaska were built from 40 logs. One of these chronologies has been calendar dated to AD 224–999 (775 yr) crossdating with a living ring-width chronology from Prince William Sound, Alaska. Trees in this chronology were likely killed through inundation by sediments and meltwater from the advancing Geikie Glacier and its tributaries ca. AD 850. The earlier tree-ring chronology spans 545 yr and is a floating ring-width series tied to radiocarbon ages of about 3000 cal yr BP. This tree-ring work indicates two intervals of glacial expansion by the Geikie Glacier system toward the main trunk glacier in Glacier Bay between 3400 and 3000 cal yr BP and again about AD 850. The timing of both expansions is consistent with patterns of ice advance at tidewater glaciers in other parts of Alaska and British Columbia about the same time, and with a relative sea-level history from just outside Glacier Bay in Icy Strait. This emerging tree-ring dated history builds on previous radiocarbon-based glacial histories and is the first study to use tree-ring dating to assign calendar dates to glacial activity for Glacier Bay.
A NEW VARIATIONAL FORMULATION FOR CONVEX HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS WITH NONLINEAR BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: LEWIS MARK , MOAMENI ABBAS 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA variational principle is established to provide a new formulation for convex Hamiltonian systems. Using this formulation, we obtain some existence results for second-order Hamiltonian systems with a variety of boundary conditions, including nonlinear ones.
Harmonic functions and ends of graphs
Authors: Picardello Massimo A. , Woess Wolfgang 
Published: July 2011

In this note we discuss extensions of results [5], where transient random walks are considered, whose transition matrix is compatible with a tree-structure of the underlying discrete state space. Notation is generally as in [5], with the exception that instead of a tree T we consider an arbitrary graph Γ, which is locally finite, connected, and whose vertex set S is infinite. The edge set E is unoriented, there are no multiple edges. We consider a transition operator P, given by a stochastic matrix (p(u, v))u, v ∈ S, which gives rise to a transient Markov chain (“random walk”), related to the graph structure by:(i) if p(u, v)>0 then [u, v] ∈ E,(ii) there is an M>0 such that p(k)(u, v)>0 for some k=k(u, v)≦M whenever [u, v]∈E (“uniform irreducibility”).
Hypercyclic and mixing operator semigroups
Authors: Shkarin Stanislav 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe describe a class of topological vector spaces admitting a mixing uniformly continuous operator group$\smash{\{T_t\}_{t\in\mathbb{C}^n}}$with holomorphic dependence on the parametert. This result builds on those existing in the literature. We also describe a class of topological vector spaces admitting no supercyclic strongly continuous operator semigroups$\smash{\{T_t\}_{t\geq0}}$.