bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages of endoscopic submucosal dissection versus endoscopic oblique aspiration mucosectomy for superficial esophageal tumors
Authors: Urabe Yuji , Hiyama Toru , Tanaka Shinji , Yoshihara Masaharu , Arihiro Koji , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  In the treatment of superficial esophageal tumors (SET), en bloc histologically‐complete resection reduces the risk of local recurrence. Endoscopic oblique aspiration mucosectomy (EOAM) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) have been applied to resect SET. The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine whether ESD is more advantageous than EOAM for SET.Methods:  In the present study, there was a total of 122 patients in whom 162 SET were resected endoscopically at Hiroshima University Hospital. EOAM (83 lesions/63 patients) or ESD (79 lesions/59 patients) was performed. En bloc histologically‐complete resection rates, operation time, complications, and the local recurrence rate were studied.Results:  In SET > 20 mm, the en bloc histologically‐complete resection rate was significantly higher with ESD than with EOAM (94% vs 42%, P < 0.001). In SET of 16–20 mm, the rate tended to be higher with ESD than with EOAM (100% vs 81%, P = 0.08). In SET < 15 mm, the rates did not differ significantly between groups. The average operation time was significantly longer for ESD than for EOAM, regardless of tumor size (49.7 ± 33.0 min vs 19.1 ± 6.1 min, P < 0.001). Complication rates did not differ significantly between groups. The local recurrence rate was significantly lower with ESD than with EOAM (0%, mean observation period: 18.9 months vs 9%, mean observation period: 30.7 months, P = 0.03).Conclusion:  Although increased operation time with ESD remains problematic, SET >15 mm should be treated with ESD to reduce local recurrence. In lesions ≤15 mm, EOAM might be preferable, especially in high‐risk patients.
Clinical characteristics of TIMP2, MMP2, and MMP9 gene polymorphisms in colorectal cancer
Authors: Park Kyung Sook , Kim Seon Jeong , Kim Kyung Ho , Kim Jin Cheon 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Genetic variations and the expression profile of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) are involved in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer.Methods:  The gene profiles of TIMP2 and MMP were assayed from 333 colorectal cancer using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results:  TIMP2‐418*G/*G, TIMP2 303*G/*G and MMP9‐1562*C/*C were more frequent in patients than in controls (P = 0.020, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.044, respectively). Frequency of TIMP2‐418*G/*G was higher in patients with metastasis than in those without metastasis, and that of TIMP2 303*G/*G was higher in patients with rectal cancer than in those with colon cancer (P = 0.008 and P = 0.022, respectively). TIMP2‐303*A/*A and MMP2‐1575*G/*G were less frequent in patients than in controls (P = 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively). The TIMP2‐418*G303*G haplotype was more frequent (P < 0.0001) and MMP2‐1575*G‐735*C haplotype was less frequent in patients than in controls (P = 0.005).Conclusion:  Specific single‐nucleotide polymorphism in TIMP2 and MMP appeared to be associated with tumorigenesis and biological behavior in colorectal cancer, which is expected be further verified in a larger cohort in the future.
Efficacy of hyaluronic acid in endoscopic mucosal resection of colorectal tumors
Authors: Yoshida Naohisa , Naito Yuji , Kugai Munehiro , Inoue Ken , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Takagi Tomohisa , Ishikawa Takeshi , Handa Osamu , Konishi Hideyuki , Wakabayashi Naoki , Yagi Nobuaki , Kokura Satoshi , Morimoto Yasutaka , Kanemasa Kazuyuki , Yanagisawa Akio , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is the standard procedure for colorectal tumors. High mucosal elevation by submucosal injection is important for definite en bloc resection and the prevention of perforation. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a reportedly useful injection solution for high and long‐lasting mucosal elevation, but the ideal HA concentration for optimization of mucosal elevation maintenance, injection pressure, and cost is unknown. In the present study, we assessed the appropriate concentration of HA for EMR.Methods:  A resected porcine colon and esophagus were used. The injection solutions examined were 0.9% normal saline (NS) and four concentrations of an 800‐KDa HA preparation (0.4%, 0.2%, 0.13%, and 0.1%). Each solution (2 mL) was injected into the submucosa; injection pressure was calculated, and elevation was measured. The durations of mucosal elevation and EMR were additionally assessed in the living minipig colon.Results:  In the resected porcine colon, the mucosal elevation was measured 0, 2, 4, and 6 min after the submucosal injection. All concentrations of HA solution maintained greater mucosal elevation at all times than NS (P < 0.05). An almost similar result was obtained in the resected porcine esophagus. The injection pressure correlated with the HA concentration. In the living minipig colon, mucosal elevation diminished 2 min after the submucosal injection with NS, but was maintained 2 min after injection with 0.4%, 0.2%, and 0.13% HA. The average duration of EMR was 139 s.Conclusions:  Mucosal elevation by HA was greater than that by NS in resected and living animal models. We recommend 0.13% HA for maintaining mucosal elevation, injection pressure, and cost.
Reappraisal of MMR vaccines currently used in Korea
Authors: Lee Hyunju , Kim Han Wool , Cho Hye Kyung , Park Eun Ae , Choi Kyong Min , Kim Kyung‐Hyo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Although MMR vaccine is widely used in Korea, there are limited studies on the currently used vaccines. We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of MMR vaccines in Korean children.Methods:  For first and second dose immunization, children aged 12–23 months and 4–6 years were enrolled. All subjects received a single dose of either Priorix™ (Glaxo Smithkline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) or MMRII® (Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA). Pre‐ and postvaccine sera were collected from all participants. Antibody levels were determined by ELISA (Enzygnost®; Dade Behring, Schwalbach, Germany). Safety monitoring included local adverse events for 5 days and systemic adverse events for 42 days following vaccination.Results:  One hundred twenty‐one subjects were enrolled in the 12–23 months age group and 39 in the 4–6 years age group. The seroconversion rate in the 12–23 months age group was 97.9–100.0% for measles, 85.1–88.9% for mumps and 100.0% for rubella. All children 4–6 years of age previously seronegative showed seroconversion for measles, mumps and rubella. Local adverse events were reported in 8.3–16.1% (12–23 months age) and 27.8–31.6% (4–6 years age), and 40.0–48.2% (12–23 months age) and 42.1–61.1% (4–6 years age) experienced at least more than 1 systemic adverse reaction. No vaccine‐related serious adverse events were reported. Among the same age groups, there was no significant difference in adverse events between the two vaccines.Conclusion:  The MMR vaccines are safe and show good immunogenic responses in children. These data will be invaluable when we introduce diverse vaccines in the following future.
Pressure phosphene self‐tonometry in a patient with Posner–Schlossman syndrome
Authors: Leung Dexter YL , Rao Srinivas K , Lam Dennis SC 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStudies have shown that pressure phosphene tonometry (PPT) may be applied to glaucoma patients. It has the potential for patients to self‐monitor the intraocular pressure (IOP) at home. We describe the successful use of this approach in a patient with Posner–Schlossman syndrome. In the first part of the study, we investigated whether our patient could use PPT accurately and reliably. In the second part of the study, our patient performed daily home self‐tonometry, and was educated to seek ophthalmic assessment if his self‐measured IOP was ≥21 mmHg. The outcome measurements included IOP and the number of unscheduled attendances for ophthalmic assessment. The use of PPT reduced his number of unscheduled hospital visits from 0.82 to 0.47 visits per month. PPT can be applied with accuracy, reliability and safety in patients with Posner–Schlossman syndrome, with potential benefits in reducing unnecessary ophthalmic attendances by nearly 50%.
Rapid and cost‐effective method to assess vision disorders in a population
Authors: Müller Andreas , Vu Hien T , Ferraro John G , Keeffe Jill E , Taylor Hugh R 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:  The aim was to develop a means of rapidly assessing eye health in a cost‐ and time‐effective way to monitor changes over time.Methods:  Key features of the five main eye diseases that cause vision loss in Australia were assessed. Participation was volunteer‐based from randomly selected Melbourne suburbs. Recruitment was by mail. Anterior segments and fundi were photographed with a digital non‐mydriatic fundus camera. Visual fields were tested with Frequency Doubling Technology. A questionnaire collected information about demographics, general health and lifestyle. Findings from this rapid assessment were compared with those from a population‐based study.Results:  A total of 1695 people, aged between 70 and 79 years (mean 74), were recruited. The rates and causes of visual impairment were similar between the rapid assessment method and the population‐based study. Among the 134 people (8%) with visual impairment at presentation, 98 (73%) had undercorrected refractive error, 17 (13%) had age‐related macular degeneration, 11 (8%) had cataract, 2 (2%) had diabetic retinopathy and 2 (2%) had glaucoma. Screening costs per participant were only about AU$145, compared with AU$433 in the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project (VIP). The application of Frequency Doubling Technology as well as the use of a non‐mydriatic digital camera for fundus and lens photography resulted in an average examination time of less than half the time needed in the VIP. Data collection took 3 months rather than 4 years in the VIP.Conclusion:  The rapid assessment method was efficient in time and cost and produced results comparable to a normal population‐based survey. Repeating the study design for a similarly sampled group every 2 years would allow the assessment of changes in the prevalence of undiagnosed eye disease.
Enhanced visualization of acute macular neuroretinopathy by Heidelberg Retina Tomography
Authors: Mirshahi Alireza , Scharioth Gàbor B , Klais Christina MC , Baatz Holger 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report Heidelberg Retina Tomography (HRT) findings in a case of bilateral acute macular neuroretinopathy in a 22‐year‐old man. In addition to fundus photography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and visual field testing, HRT scans of the macula were performed early in the disease and at a follow up of 2 months. We found typical paracentral scotomata in visual field testing corresponding to sharply delineated, hyporeflective areas of the macula as visualized in HRT II scans. Those lesions were almost invisible on regular fundus photographs. Angiography results were unremarkable. The lesion size decreased over time. The visibility of the lesions was markedly enhanced by HRT scans, thus the diagnosis and follow up of acute macular neuroretinopathy could be facilitated by this non‐invasive imaging technique.
Idiopathic retinal holes in monozygotic twins
Authors: Chan Wai H , Michaelides Michel , Towler Hamish MA 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt remains controversial whether there is a significant genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of idiopathic giant retinal tears or retinal dialysis. In contrast, the underlying molecular genetic basis of several inherited vitreoretinal dystrophies is now well established, with also an increasing recognition of genetic factors in the development of myopia. We describe asymptomatic female monozygotic twins who were identified as having identical retinal holes. These cases represent the first evidence to our knowledge of a potential role of inherited factors in the causation of idiopathic peripheral retinal holes. This observation raises the need to examine the twin of any patient presenting with a retinal break(s).
Repair of macular fold following retinal reattachment surgery
Authors: El‐Amir Ahmed N , Every Sean , Patel Chetan Kantibhai (CK) 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHere the management of a macular fold complicating retinal reattachment surgery is discussed. The macular fold was repaired by a technique similar to that used in retinal translocation surgery. Direct injection into the macular fold was performed, which caused a linear, rather than the intended concentric, detachment of the retina. Permanent flattening of the macula fold was achieved and the best‐corrected Snellen visual acuity was 6/12 at 6 months. The importance of intervention, advantages and disadvantages of this technique and alternative methods of managing such cases are discussed. It may be prudent to consider peripheral, rather than direct, injection into the macular fold to detach the macula in such cases.
Choroidal melanoma with extrascleral extension in an Australian Aboriginal man
Authors: Rahman Anmar MA , Selva Dinesh , Davis Garry 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChoroidal melanoma is a rare occurrence in pigmented races. Low clinical suspicion of choroidal melanoma may result in diagnostic delay. We present a rare case of choroidal melanoma with extrascleral orbital extension in an Australian Aboriginal man. We are unaware of previous reports of uveal melanoma in Aboriginal Australians and could find no reference to it in a computerized search utilizing Medline.
Excimer laser surface ablation – a review
Authors: Reynolds Anita , Moore Johnny E , Naroo Shehzad A , Moore CB Tara , Shah Sunil 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCorneal surface laser ablation procedures for the correction of refractive error have enjoyed a resurgence of interest, especially in patients with a possible increased risk of complications after lamellar surgery. Improvements in the understanding of corneal biomechanical changes, the modulation of wound healing, laser technology including ablation profiles and different methods for epithelial removal have widened the scope for surface ablation. This article discusses photorefractive keratectomy, trans‐epithelial photorefractive keratectomy, laser‐assisted sub‐epithelial keratomileusis and epithelial‐laser‐assisted in situ keratomileusis.
Business–NGO Interactions in a Multi‐Stakeholder Context
Authors: VAN HUIJSTEE MARIËTTE , GLASBERGEN PIETER 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe main purpose of this paper is to contribute to our understanding of the conditions under which Business–nongovernmental organization (NGO) interactions lead to improvements in corporate social responsibility (CSR), by assessing the role that the stakeholder context of the firm plays in the processes. As a case study it takes an interaction process between one NGO and one company with both collaborative and confrontational traits, spanning eight years and two issue fields, palm oil and soy, which are characterized by varying stakeholder contexts. The analysis demonstrates that the business–NGO interaction induced a change from a direct to an indirect corporate responsibility, and clarifies how interdependencies between the company and other stakeholders than the NGO influenced the interaction. The stakeholder interdependencies vary per issue field: In some issue fields, the stakeholder context allows for effective, collaborative interaction between business and NGO, while in another issue field, characterized by different stakeholder interdependencies, collaborative, constructive interactionbetween the same business and the same NGO is not feasible and, in addition, less effective in terms of CSR than confrontational interaction.
Shifting Paradigms in Corporate Environmentalism: From Poachers to Gamekeepers
Authors: SANDHU SUKHBIR 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis article provides an insight into the changing role of businesses in dealing with the natural environment issues. From being regarded as poachers of the natural environment, many businesses have now started to position themselves as gamekeepers of the natural environment. This article traces the events and factors that have contributed toward this shift. The article starts with an introduction to the current state of the natural environment. It then discusses the role that businesses have traditionally played in contributing toward the rapid deterioration of the natural environment. The article then traces the events that have gradually resulted in businesses accepting that they have a responsibility to address environmental issues. This is followed by an overview of the business responses, to the risks and opportunities, posed by changes in the natural environment. The article then provides a brief overview of the various phase models that attempt to categorize business responses to environmental issue. The conclusion focuses on the challenges that lie ahead.
Concentrated Shareholders as Substitutes for Outside Analysts
Authors: Sabherwal Sanjiv , Smith Stephen D. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTManuscript Type: EmpiricalResearch Question/Issue: We examine the relationship of concentration of shareholdings with the number of financial analysts following a firm to see if concentrated shareholders substitute for the monitoring activities of analysts.Research Findings/Results: Using a clean ownership dataset with a sample of 3,115 firm‐year observations for U.S. firms and regression techniques that address any potential endogeneity, we find that analyst following is negatively related to the concentration of outsider and insider shareholdings. We find similar relations for changes in analyst following and changes in ownership concentration.Theoretical Implications: Our results support the argument that an outsider with a larger stake in a firm is more likely to produce its own in‐house information for the monitoring of the firm's managers and avoid both the cost and moral hazard problems associated with analysts. The results also support the argument that if senior managers hold large stakes in the firm, there is a greater likelihood that managerial incentives will be aligned with those of other shareholders.Practical Implications: We contend that there is a governance substitution effect, with concentrated shareholders substituting for the monitoring activities of analysts. Our results are consistent with the opinion that regulators need not fear large shareholders. This is especially applicable to large outside shareholders as we find that the economic effect of concentrated outsider shareholdings is quite strong and greater than that of concentrated insider shareholdings.
Abstracts: Direct inhibition of elastase and matrixmetalloproteinases and stimulation of biosynthesis of fibrillar collagens, elastin, and fibrillins by xanthohumol
Authors: Philips N. , Samuel M. , Arena R. , Chen Y.‐J. , Conte J. , Natrajan P. , Haas G. , Gonzalez S. 
Published: September 2010

pp. 125–132 In skin aging there is deterioration of the extracellular matrix's collagen and elastin fibers, from its reduced biosynthesis and increased degradation by elastase and matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs). Xanthohumol is a flavonoid isolated from the hop plant Humulus lupulus L., with anti‐microbial, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐carcinogenic properties. The goal of this research was to investigate xanthohumol as an anti‐skinaging agent via its beneficial regulation of the extracellular matrix. To this purpose, we examined the direct effect of xanthohumol on the activities of elastase and MMPs (MMPs 1, 2, and 9) and its effect on the expression (protein and/or transcription levels) of collagens (types I, III, and V), elastin, and fibrillins (1 and 2) in dermal fibroblasts. Xanthohumol significantly inhibited elastase and MMP‐9 activities from its lowest concentration, and MMP‐1 and MMP‐2 at its higher concentrations, which implies a greater protective effect on elastin. It dramatically increased the expression of types I, III, and V collagens, and elastin, fibrillin‐1, and fibrillin‐2 in dermal fibroblasts. The effects were similar to those of ascorbic acid. This is the first report identifying xanthohumol's potential to improve skin structure and firmness: it simultaneously inhibits the activities of elastase/MMPs and stimulates the biosynthesis of fibrillar collagens, elastin, and fibrillins.
Abstracts: Comparison of hydration, tyrosinase resistance, and antioxidant activation in three kinds of pearl powders
Authors: Shao D.‐Z. , Wang C.‐K. , Hwang H.‐J. , Hung C.‐H. , Chen Y.‐W. 
Published: September 2010

pp. 133–145 In recent years, people have bred freshwater pearls as a substitute for natural pearls that occur in seawater, and they have also developed water‐soluble pearl powder (P‐w) and ultra‐micro (P‐μ) and ultra‐nano pearl powder (P‐n) products. However, neither the scientific value of pearl powder, nor the differences in efficiencies of different pearl powder products is still unknown. In this study, the effectiveness of three kinds of pearl powder products in various applications was compared. Tests for transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and evaluations of the skin surface hydration of test subjects showed that pearl powder has a satisfactory moisturizing effect on skin and that P‐μ has a distinctly stronger moisturizing effect than P‐w. The three pearl powder products can also significantly reduce the activation of tyrosinase and free radicals. In tests for reducing power and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for scavenging free radicals, P‐n and P‐μ showed better performance than P‐w. These results provide a reliable scientific basis for the use of pearl powder in beauty treatment, resistance to aging, and clinical medical treatment.
Reliability and validity of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) in young and old people: A Japanese study
Authors: GONDO YASUYUKI , RENGE NOZOMI , ISHIOKA YOSHIKO , KUROKAWA IKUYO , UENO DAISUKE , RENDELL PETER 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe higher performance of older people in prospective memory (PM) tasks in a naturalistic setting rather than in a laboratory setting is well known in cognitive aging research and is called the “age prospective memory paradox”. The mechanism of the paradox is poorly understood. To clarify this complex phenomenon, testing of the contribution of candidate variables that may influence PM performance in older adults is needed. To identify possible variables, this study used the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ; Smith, Della Sala, Logie, & Maylor, 2000) which was developed to evaluate PM and retrospective memory (RM) failure in daily life. In this large‐sample survey study (n = 2610) we verified the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the PRMQ in young (n = 459), young‐old (n = 1291) and old‐old (n = 860) people. First, we found high reliability for both the PM and RM dimensions of the PRMQ in all age groups. Second, the validity was confirmed not by the simple score on PM items but with a subtraction score (PM score minus RM score). In addition, our results also provide knowledge of how personality and lifestyle relate to self‐rated memory failures.