bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of K to L shell/subshell vacancy transitions of Zn and Fe in Fe
x
Zn1-x
thin film alloys
Authors: Sögüt Ö. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The vacancy transfer probabilities from K-shell to L
2-, L
3- and L-shell/subshells were measured in Fe
x
Zn1-x
thin film alloys. The samples were excited by γ photons with energy 59.5 keV from a 50 mCi 241Am radioisotope source. The emitted K X-rays were detected by an Ultra-LEGe having a resolution of 150 eV at 5.9 keV. For comparison with experimental results, theoretical calculations have been made using radiative and nonradiative transition rates. The measured results are in good agreement with theoretically calculated values within experimental errors. Fe
x
Zn1-x
thin film alloys were electrochemically deposited on aluminum substrates from sulfate bath. In conclusion, it was found that the vacancy transfer probabilities changed in Fe
x
Zn1-x
thin films for different compositions of x.
Radiosynthesis of a novel potential adenosine A3 receptor ligand, 5-ethyl 2,4-diethyl-3-((2-[18F]fluoroethyl)sulfanylcarbonyl)-6-phenylpyridine-5-carboxylate ([18F]FE@SUPPY:2)
Authors: Haeusler Daniela , Mitterhauser Markus , Mien Leonhard-Key , Shanab K. , Lanzenberger Rupert , Schirmer E. , Ungersboeck J. , Nics L. , Spreitzer H. , Viernstein H. , Dudczak Robert , et al.  
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Since, to date very limited information on the distribution and function of the adenosine A3 receptor is available, the development of suitable radioligands is needed. Recently, we introduced [ 18F]FE@SUPPY (5-(2-[ 18F]fluoroethyl) 2,4-diethyl-3-(ethylsulfanylcarbonyl)-6-phenylpyridine-5-carboxylate) as the first PET-ligand for the A3R. Regarding the metabolic profile – this class of dialkylpyridines comprises two ester functions within one molecule, one carboxylic and one thiocarboxylic – one could expect carboxylesterases significantly contributing to cleavage and degradation. Therefore, our aim was the development of [ 18F]FE@SUPPY:2 (5-ethyl 2,4-diethyl-3-((2-[ 18F]fluoroethyl)sulfanylcarbonyl)-6-phenylpyridine-5-carboxylate), the functional isomer containing the label at the thiocarboxylic moiety.
For satisfactory yields in high scale radiosyntheses, a reaction temperature of 75 °C has to be applied for at least 20 min using 20 mg/mL of precursor. So far, 6 complete high-scale radiosyntheses were performed. Starting from an average of 51.2±21.8 GBq (mean±SD) [ 18F]fluoride, 5.8±4.1 GBq of formulated [ 18F]FE@SUPPY:2 (12.0±5.4%, based on [ 18F]fluoride, not corrected for decay) were prepared in 75±8 min.
Uranium, plutonium and neptunium co-recovery with high nitric acid concentration in extraction section by simplified solvent extraction process
Authors: Nakahara M. , Sano Y. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
As a part of NEXT, the behavior of Np in a simplified solvent extraction process using TBP as an extractant for U, Pu and Np co-recovery was investigated. Two approaches to Np co-recovery with U and Pu in the irradiated fast reactor core fuel using a dissolver solution in a counter current were examined. One used a feed solution with a high HNO3 concentration, and the other used a scrubbing solution with a high HNO3 concentration. The leakages of Np to the raffinate were 1.1 and 4.7% using high HNO3 concentration feed and scrubbing solutions, respectively. Simulation results based on these experiments showed that high HNO3 concentration in the feed solution is advantageous for the Np extraction because Np oxidation progresses in the feed solution before being supplied into the centrifugal contactor, and there is less effect of HNO2 at the extraction section.
X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of trivalent and tetravalent actinides in solution at varying pH values
Authors: Brendebach Boris , Banik N. L. , Marquardt Christian M. , Rothe J. , Denecke M. , Geckeis H. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
We perform X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) investigations to monitor the stabilization of redox sensitive trivalent and tetravalent actinide ions in solution at acidic conditions in a pH range from 0 to 3 after treatment with holding reductants, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OHHCl) and Rongalite (sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate, CH3NaO3S). X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurements clearly demonstrate the stability of the actinide species for several hours under the given experimental conditions. Hence, structural parameters can be accurately derived by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) investigations. The coordination structure of oxygen atoms belonging to water ligands surrounding the actinide ions does not change with increasing pH value (approximately 11 O atoms at 2.42 Å in the case of U(IV) at pH 1, 9 O atoms at 2.52 Å for Np(III) at pH 1.5, and 10 O atoms at 2.49 Å for Pu(III) up to pH 3), indicating that hydrolysis reactions are suppressed under the given chemical conditions.
An Elusive Passage of the Earlier Funerary Literature in its Iconographic and Ritual Context
Authors: Goebs Katja 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Pyr. 398c–399a, which describes the deceased king as seated “with his back to Geb”, is re-examined in relation to its co- and context within the Cannibal Spell, as well as being set against some hitherto overlooked iconographic and textual evidence from other sources. A new interpretation of the passage as relating to the rituals of royal legitimization is proposed.
A Depiction of Paris in Luxor Temple and the “eidolon” of Helen
Authors: Manassa Colleen 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In the Ramesside court of Luxor Temple is a small depiction of a statue of Paris, placed intentionally opposite a statue of Nefertari, part of a colossus of Ramesses II. The image of Paris represents the only non-literary evidence for the Greek tradition of Helen being in Egypt during the Trojan War and suggests that Graeco-Roman tourists were aware of this alternate version of events. A consideration of this graffito within an art historical context suggests that it might relate to Euphranor’s lost statue of Paris.
A New Royal Name Sealing from Tell Edfu
Authors: Moeller Nadine 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The recent excavations at Tell Edfu have led to the discovery of a new Middle Kingdom sealing which was found in an administrative building. It shows the standing figure of the king wearing the crown of Upper and Lower Egypt and has a small cartouche in front of his face that can be read as the throne name of Amenemhat III. This is the first time that such a motif has been discovered in a secure late Middle Kingdom context.
Is That a Rhetorical Question? Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage 1115), 150 Reconsidered
Authors: Scalf Foy 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This article examines a difficult passage from the Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage 1115, 150). Near the end of the story, the official relates the good deeds which will be performed on behalf of the divine snake if he allows the official to return home. The snake’s enigmatic response has provoked a variety of interpretations. It may be possible to resolve the questions surrounding this section of the tale by understanding the passage as a rhetorical question used by the snake to trump the official.
The Forms of the Coptic 2nd Person Feminine Singular Pronouns
Authors: Uljas Sami 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The present article proposes a new analysis of the form and etymology of the Coptic 2nd person feminine singular suffix and prefix pronouns. It is suggested that in the tripartite conjugation and the conversions of the bipartite conjugation, the said person was expressed by using the bare pre-nominal conjugation base/converter (if such existed separately from the pre-pronominal form). Later, the bases and converters ending with re were reanalysed as consisting of a base + a suffix pronoun re. The rise of this new pronoun can be traced by studying manuscripts covering several centuries of language development. It is also proposed that the creation of the suffix motivated an analogous extension of re into the prefix of the 1st present and future, where the older form te gradually gave way to a new and clearly secondary form ter.
Nearly Constant Loss in Lithium and LiCl-doped Borate Glasses
Authors: Sidebottom D. L , Bassett M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Measurements of the complex dielectric permittivity in (Li2O)x(B2O3)100-x and halide-doped (Li2O)x (LiCl)y(B2O3)100-x-y glasses conducted in the nearly constant loss (NCL) regime at low temperatures are reported. Scaling properties reveal that the NCL in (Li2O)x(B2O3)100-x is largely ionic in origin for these materials and increases in proportion to the Li2O content. However, at low Li2O content, the NCL becomes dominated by a non-ionic loss arising from the borate network or other impurity polarizations. Halide doping is seen to produce an additional enhancement of the NCL that is consistent with its known enhancement of the bulk conduction.
Models for Ion Transport in Amorphous Materials: Recent Advances
Authors: Dieterich Wolfgang , Maass Philipp 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
By the development and investigation of coarse-grained models for ion motion in disordered systems, important progress has been achieved in the past to explain a large variety of ion transport properties in amorphous materials. In this work we discuss recent theoretical advances, which allow one to better understand the nearly constant dielectric loss in disordered solid ionic conductors, the mixed glass former effect in glassy electrolytes, and certain effects of ion motion in polymer electrolytes.
Structural Elucidation of Alkali Fluorozirconate Glasses Using High-Resolution Solid State NMR
Authors: Araujo C. C. de , Bischoff C. , Eckert Hellmut , Buksak A. , Frischat G. H. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The structure of two compositional series of ZrF4-LaF3-BaF2-MF (M = Li or Na) glasses has been examined by 19F magic-angle spinning (MAS)-NMR spectroscopy. From a detailed lineshape analysis, the fractions of corner-bridging (CBF) and non-bridging fluoride (NBF) species were extracted. With increasing LiF (or NaF) content, the fraction of NBF increases significantly, producing an increased spectral contribution of the low-frequency lineshape components. 19F{7Li} rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) experiments reveal that this part of the MAS-NMR lineshape interacts most closely with the 7Li nuclei. The compositional dependence of the NBF fractions is discussed in the context of various scenarios, describing the transformation of CBF units into NBF units, and affecting the average coordination number of the Zr ions. The results indicate that the evolution of the NBF fraction cannot be described by a single scenario over the entire composition range.
Nonlinear Conductivity and Permittivity Spectra of Ion Conducting Glasses
Authors: Staesche Halgard , Murugavel Sevi , Roling Bernhard 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
We have measured third-order conductivity and permittivity spectra of a Li2O · Al2O3 · 4 SiO2 glass and of a 0.15 Na2O · 0.85 GeO2 glass by applying ac electric fields up to 100 kV cm−1. For the application of these high fields, the glass samples are interfaced with highly conductive liquid electrolyte solutions. In this field range, the electrical response due to ion dynamics in the bulk of a glass sample is weakly nonlinear, while the electrical reponse due to ion transport across the interface between glass sample and liquid electrolyte is strongly nonlinear. For both glasses, the real part of the third-order conductivity is characterised by a change in sign in a frequency range where the diffusive bulk ion dynamics passes over into the subdiffusive bulk ion dynamics. On the other hand, the real part of the third-order permittivity spectra is characterised by a change in sign at lower frequencies where ion transport across the glass / liquid electrolyte interface passes over into the bulk ion transport. We show that these changes in sign can be rationalised by considering an equivalent circuit for a disordered solid ion conductor interfaced with a highly conductive liquid. In this circuit, the bulk and interfacial resistances are assumed to decrease with increasing voltage.
Physical Chemistry of Solids – The Science behind Materials Engineering: Concepts, Models, Methods
Authors: Janek Jürgen , Martin Manfred , Becker K.D. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The role of Physical Chemistry of Solids as origin of many fundamental concepts for modern materials science as also the bridge between physics, chemistry and materials engineering is emphasized and exemplified. The model of the electrical double layer, the concept of point defects in crystals and transport phenomena and reactions in the solid state are discussed as examples.
Electrical Transport in Oxide Glasses Containing Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Issa Ahmed , Küchler Reiner , Anavekar Rajan V. , Böhmer Roland , Kanert Otmar , Jain Himanshu 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Gold doped ruby glasses are classical examples of metal-glass nanocomposites that have been investigated for their striking optical properties. For their multifunctional applications, we have explored the nature of the electrical response of two oxide glasses containing a small amount (<0.1mol%) of gold. Gold-doped lithium borate (LBO) and lanthanum borogermanate (LBGO) glasses are studied using ac conductivity as a function of frequency and temperature in relation to their structure as determined by electron microscopy. For ionically conducting LBO, Au doping produces a noticeable increase of the electrical conductivity. For poorly conducting LBGO, gold doping introduces a dielectric loss peak indicative of dipolar relaxation. The heat treatment of both glasses introduces a new mechanism of dc conduction or dipolar loss, which has about one third the activation energy of the untreated samples. This unexpected behavior is attributed to an ionic-to-electronic conductivity transition in gold doped glasses.
Determination of the Parameters that Control Oxidation Using Optical Interference, Applied to the Two Phase Oxide Scale on Copper
Authors: Gil Y. , Riess I. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe oxidation of a metal forming a transparent oxide allows it to be followed in situ by optical interference. The layer thickness is determined from the interference pattern. The method can be applied to any tarnishing process as long as the resulting layer stays transparent. Oxidation of copper is followed in air, at T = 230oC, making use of the three colors of a video camera. In this case a two phase, Cu2O|CuO scale is formed on Cu. An analysis of the rate of formation of two layers of two phases is presented. The rate constants are related to a surface reaction rate or to bulk diffusion and conductivity. It is shown that while the total amount of oxide increases with time the layer thickness of one of the phases can temporarily decrease. In the long time limit both layers follow the parabolic law i.e. increase as √time. The method can be applied also to the inverse process of reduction and decrease in the scale thickness.
Crystalline Cation Conductors with Rotational Anion Disorder: Results of Quasielastic Neutron Scattering Experiments on Orthophosphates
Authors: Wilmer Dirk , Meyer Hinrich-Wilhelm 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Results and interpretations of several quasielastic neutron scattering measurements on samples of the isostructural high-temperature phases of Ag3PO4 and Na3PO4, prominent members of the group of fast cation conducting plastic phases are reported.Time-of-flight experiments reveal details on the phosphate reoriention in Ag3PO4: We find isotropic rotational diffusion. A consistent interpretation of the data suggests that silver ions are involved in the fast anion dynamics, a behaviour which is in line with the displacement of phosphorus detected in earlier neutron diffraction experiments. The reorientation activation energy of 0.17 eV is in the typical range found also in other ion conducting rotor phases.Na3PO4 was examined in time-of-flight and backscattering experiments, differing considerably in the time scale of the detected molecular dynamics. Anion reorientation, observed on the time scale of picoseconds and activated with 0.18 eV, appears as a predominantly circular diffusion with one P–O axis fixed. Our results suggest the involvement of sodium ions in the anion reorientation, i.e., a correlated motion of both types of ions in the picosecond regime.The much slower sodium jump diffusion in Na3PO4 was found to be thermally activated with 0.74 eV. Moreover, we find clear evidence for the predominance of jumps between tetrahedrally co-ordinated cation sites.Quasielastic neutron scattering reveals a wealth of dynamic details on the two high-temperature phases of Na3PO4 and Ag3PO4 which exhibit considerable differences (e.g., in the geometric details of anion dynamics) in spite of their structural similarities. Both plastic phases, however, give evidence of the involvement of cations in the anion dynamics, i.e., in a correlated reorientational motion of cations and anions on the picosecond time scale.
Space Charge Polarization Measurements as a Method to Determine the Temperature Dependence of the Number Density of Mobile Cations in Ion Conducting Glasses
Authors: Martin Steve W. , Yao Wenlong , Berg Kyle 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA method is proposed using mean-field theories to help solve a long standing problem in the study of ionically solid electrolytes. While it has been long known that the ionic conductivity in solid electrolytes is comprised of two terms, the mobility and number of mobile charge carriers, there has been no accurate method developed to determine these two quantities independently. In this paper, we apply a mean-field method based upon low frequency a.c. impedance measurements of the limiting low frequency space charge polarization capacitance that develops as a result of the mobile carrier population diffusing to blocking electrodes. The space charge capacitance that develops is shown to be a simple function of the number of charge carriers and is found to be independent of the d.c. conductivity, but strongly dependent upon temperature. Measurements on two simple but well studied ion conducting glasses, LiPO3and NaPO3, suggest that the carrier population is thermally activated where only a small fraction of the cations are mobile in the glass. The activation energy for carrier creation in LiPO3is larger (49 kJ/mol) than that for NaPO3glass (44 kJ/mol) and is in agreement with models of activation energies in ion conducting glasses that associate the creation energy with the cation charge density.
The Solid Electrolyte Interphase – The Most Important and the Least Understood Solid Electrolyte in Rechargeable Li Batteries
Authors: Winter Martin 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In this chapter, the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) concept is introduced and the different requirements on the electrolyte and on the SEI formation process in the presence of various anode materials (metallic lithium, graphitic carbons, and lithium storage metals/alloys), in particular, similarities and differences, are highlighted. The difficulties to understand and analyze the SEI characteristics and composition are discussed by examples.
Comparison of the effect of sevoflurane and desflurane on postoperative arrhythmia and QT dispersion
Authors: Gozdemir Muhammet , Yeter Ekrem , Akcay Murat , Kurdoglu Elvin , Gumus Tülin , Keleş Telat , Bilen Emine , Kanbak Orhan 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sevoflurane and desflurane on cardiac arrhythmias in adult patients who will be anesthetized. A total of 40 patients who were in the ASA I–II group and who were to undergo elective surgery were included in the study. No pre-medication was administered to the patients. They were monitored with the Holter equipment at preoperative 24 hours, and also at postoperative 24 hours on condition that Holter monitoring will begin before induction. Following routine monitoring, the patients were randomly divided into two equal groups; group one was given sevoflurane and group two was given desflurane. In this study, desflurane and sevoflurane resulted in both a significant prolongation of QT and QTc and a significant increase in QT and QTc dispersion when compared with the basal values. In the sevoflurane group, there was no significant increase in postoperative ventricular arrhythmia, compared to that during the preoperative period. However, this increase was significant in the desflurane group (p = 0.009). Sevoflurane and desflurane result in an increase in QT dispersion. Postoperative rhythmic control should carefully be monitored, especially in the desflurane group.
Integration of Relational and Textual Biomedical Sources
Authors: Maojo V. , Billhardt H. , Crespo J. , García-Remesal M. 
Published: November 2009

Summary
Objectives: Bringing together structured and text-based sources is an exciting challenge for biomedical informaticians, since most relevant biomedical sources belong to one of these categories. In this paper we evaluate the feasibility of integrating relational and text-based biomedical sources using: i) an original logical schema acquisition method for textual databases developed by the authors, and ii) OntoFusion, a system originally designed by the authors for the integration of relational sources.
Methods: We conducted an integration experiment involving a test set of seven differently structured sources covering the domain of genetic diseases. We used our logical schema acquisition method to generate schemas for all textual sources. The sources were integrated using the methods and tools provided by OntoFusion. The integration was validated using a test set of 500 queries.
Results: A panel of experts answered a questionnaire to evaluate i) the quality of the extracted schemas, ii) the query processing performance of the integrated set of sources, and iii) the relevance of the retrieved results. The results of the survey show that our method extracts coherent and representative logical schemas. Experts’ feedback on the performance of the integrated system and the relevance of the retrieved results was also positive. Regarding the validation of the integration, the system successfully provided correct results for all queries in the test set.
Conclusions: The results of the experiment suggest that text-based sources including a logical schema can be regarded as equivalent to structured databases. Using our method, previous research and existing tools designed for the integration of structured databases can be reused – possibly subject to minor modifications – to integrate differently structured sources.
Bivariate Random-effects Meta-analysis of Sensitivity and Specificity with SAS PROC GLIMMIX
Authors: Menke J. 
Published: November 2009

Summary
Objectives: Meta-analysis allows to summarize pooled sensitivities and specificities from several primary diagnostic test accuracy studies. Often these pooled estimates are indirectly obtained from a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics (HSROC) analysis. This article presents a generalized linear random-effects model with the new SAS PROC GLIMMIX that obtains the pooled estimates for sensitivity and specificity directly.
Methods: Firstly, the formula of the bivariate random-effects model is presented in context with the literature. Then its implementation with the new SAS PROC GLIMMIX is empirically evaluated in comparison to the indirect HSROC approach, utilizing the published 2 x 2 count data of 50 meta-analyses.
Results: According to the empirical evaluation the meta-analytic results from the bivariate GLIMMIX approach are nearly identical to the results from the indirect HSROC approach.
Conclusions: A generalized linear mixed model with PROC GLIMMIX offers a straightforward method for bivariate random-effects meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity.