bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maria mediatrix – mittellos mittel aller súnder
Authors: Mertens Fleury Katharina 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

Maria mediatrix represents a paradigm of mediality in the Middle Ages. Mary′s power consists in bridging the gap between the celestial sphere and the world, the Christ and mankind. She is full of grace and conveying grace, participating in humanity and divinity by these characteristics. Her influence is based on having given birth to the Christ, accompanied his life until his death on the cross, having suffered and died in her soul with him in love. She incites the individual to follow her on her paths, to love and suffer as she did, to follow the Christ. Her path – if followed – offers the perspective to reach redemption and salvation. But she is also interceding for the sinners. Ascended to heaven and crowned as queen, she is able to change the severity of judgements of her son into mercy. The present article outlines a “mediologic” approach, presenting some developments from the bible to the Middle Ages and giving examples of different ways of Mary′s mediation. The latter are mainly focussed on homilies written by Bernhard de Clairvaux (1090–1153) on the occasion of the feasts of the birth and ascension of Mary and five chapters of the ‘Büchlein der Ewigen Weisheit’ by Heinrich Seuse (1295–1366).
Medienphilosophische Konzeptionen in der Erkenntnis- und Zeichentheorie des Mittelalters
Authors: Meier-Oeser Stephan 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The article shows that the currently fashionable idea of an omnipresence of mediality is already effective in some areas of medieval thought, even though in another form. The medieval conception of the relation between god, the world, and man implies a theological world view, according to which the phenomenon of mediality is not only universally present in the world, but in which the mundus creatus itself appears as a medium par excellence, as a message to man, assisting him in transcending that medium. Furthermore it is argued that medieval philosophical thought is by no means restricted to such a symbolic world view. Scholastic philosophy does not only come with a highly elaborate theory about the different forms of cognitive media, but also has developed, particularly in the context of logic, a thoroughly rational theory of the sign and its functions, by which the symbolic and allegorical thinking was pushed to the margins of the philosophical discourse.
Bildmodelle in der Glasmalerei des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts. Vom vollfarbig zum teilfarbig verglasten Fenster
Authors: Kurmann-Schwarz Brigitte , Schiffhauer Angela 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The article examines the change in luminosity in Gothic stained-glass windows, based on examples from France. This change began around the middle of the 13th century, when coloured panels were increasingly set into grisaille glass. The joint use of clear glass with intensely coloured glass on the one hand allowed more light to enter the interior of the church, and on the other led to different design solutions for combining coloured images with the grisaille. This brought about the evolution of the band window in which one or more horizontal series of coloured figurative panels crossed over the narrow mullions against a ground of grisaille. In order to explain the development of composite windows, material arguments (economic constraints, technological progress) as well as non-material arguments (new aesthetic) have been advanced and are critically considered. The focus of the article is on the effect of the media synthesis between stained glass and architecture with regard to the visual projection of the images.
The European Medicines Agency Review of Ofatumumab (Arzerra®) for the Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Patients Refractory to Fludarabine and Alemtuzumab: Summary of the Scientific Assessment of the European Medicines Agency Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use
Authors: Gravanis Iordanis , Ersbøll Jens , Skovlund Eva , Abadie Eric , Marty Michel , Pignatti Francesco 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Evaluate the evolving risk-benefit profile of ofatumumab when considering treatment in patients with CLL.Identify patients with CLL who may be appropriate candidates for treatment with ofatumumab.
This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com.
On April 19, 2010, the European Commission issued a conditional marketing authorization valid throughout the European Union (EU) for ofatumumab (Arzerra®; Glaxo Group Ltd, Greenford, Middlesex, U.K.). The decision was based on the favorable opinion of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use recommending a conditional marketing authorization for ofatumumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in patients refractory to fludarabine and alemtuzumab. A conditional marketing authorization means that additional data to confirm the benefit–risk balance of ofatumumab are awaited. The active substance of Arzerra® is ofatumumab, a monoclonal antibody medicinal product (ATC code L01XC10). The recommended dose is 300 mg of atumumab for the first infusion and 2,000 mg of atumumab for all subsequent infusions. The infusion schedule is eight consecutive weekly infusions, followed 4–5 weeks later by four consecutive monthly (i.e., every 4 weeks) infusions. Ofatumumab targets CD20, a cell surface marker of B lymphocytes, which is followed by cell lysis via complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The benefit of ofatumumab is the control of CLL in patients who are refractory to both fludarabine and alemtuzumab, which was indicated by a high response rate. The most common side effects are infections and infusion reactions. The objective of this paper is to summarize the scientific review of the application leading to approval in the EU. The detailed scientific assessment report and product information, including the summary of product characteristics, are available on the EMA website (http://www.ema.europa.eu).
Efficacy of sublingual administration of detomidine gel for sedation of horses undergoing veterinary and husbandry procedures under field conditions
Authors: Gardner Rachel B. , White Gary W. , Ramsey Deborah S. , Boucher Joseph F. , Kilgore W. Randal , Huhtinen Mirja K. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether sublingual detomidine gel administration to horses would be effective in providing an appropriate degree of sedation and restraint to facilitate completion of veterinary and husbandry procedures under field conditions.
Design—Multicenter, prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study.
Animals—270 client-owned horses known to require sedation or strong restraint to enable veterinary and husbandry procedures to be performed.
Procedures—Horses randomly received a single dose of detomidine gel (0.04 mg/kg [0.018 mg/lb]) or placebo gel administered sublingually. Horses were sedated to facilitate cleaning the prepuce, cutting of hair with electric clippers, hoof trimming or application of shoes, manual dental floating (ie, rasping or filing of the teeth to remove irregularities), nasogastric passage of a stomach tube or endoscope, and radiography. The primary determinant of efficacy was an assessment by a veterinarian on the ability or inability to successfully conduct the procedure.
Results—171 horses met all the study protocol criteria. One hundred twenty-nine horses were treated with detomidine. The procedure was completed successfully for 76% (98/129) of the detomidine-treated horses, while the procedure was completed successfully for only 7% (3/42) of the placebo-treated horses. The percentage of horses in which the procedure was successfully completed was significantly different between detomidine-treated horses and placebo-treated horses. No serious adverse effects were reported.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Detomidine gel administered to horses sublingually at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg provided an appropriate degree of sedation and restraint to facilitate completion of veterinary and husbandry procedures in horses known to require sedation for such procedures.
Stability-indicating derivative spectrophotometry method for the determination of biapenem in the presence of its degradation products
Authors: Cielecka-Piontek Judyta , Lunzer Aran , Jelińska Anna 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
A first-derivative UV spectrophotometric method, with or without the subtraction technique, was developed for the determination of biapenem in pharmaceutical dosage form in the presence of its degradation products. The method was based on the measurement of first-derivative amplitudes at zero crossing point (λ = 312 nm) and the peak-to-zero technique and validated with regard to linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, selectivity and precision. The observed rate constants for the degradation of biapenem were comparable to those obtained in the stability-indicating HPLC method.
The bifunctionality of silica gel modified with Congo red
Authors: Kurczewska Joanna , Schroeder Grzegorz 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Silica gel was chemically modified with Congo red and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis. The pH-sensitive immobilized Congo red retains the same properties as its solution counterpart and could be applied as solid indicator. The functionalized silica gel was also employed to extract different cations from water solutions. The concentration of cations extracted was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The solid support is able to selectively extract silver and copper from water solutions and retains its properties after treatment with different organic and inorganic solvents.
The Functional Polymorphism 844 A>G in FcαRI (CD89) Does Not Contribute to Systemic Sclerosis or Rheumatoid Arthritis Susceptibility
Authors: BROEN JASPER C.A. , COENEN MARIEKE J.H. , RUEDA BLANCA , WITTE TORSTEN , PADYUKOV LEONID , KLARESKOG LARS , HESSELSTRAND ROGER , WUTTGE DIRK M. , SIMEON CARMEN , ORTEGO-CENTENO NORBERTO , GONZÁLEZ-GAY MIGUEL A. , PROS ANNA , HUNZELMAN NICHOLAS , RIEMEKASTEN GABRIELA , KREUTER ALEXANDER , VONK MADELON , SCORZA RAFAELLA , BERETTA LORENZO , AIRÒ PAULO , van RIEL PIET L.C.M. , KIMBERLY ROBERT , MARTIN JAVIER , EDBERG JEFFREY , RADSTAKE TIMOTHY R.D.J. 
Published: December 2010

Objective.To investigate the role of the FcαRI 844 A>G functional polymorphism in the genetic predisposition to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) susceptibility.Methods.The study population was composed of 1401 patients with SSc, 642 patients with RA, and 1317 healthy controls. The FcαRI (CD89) single-nucleotide polymorphism rs16986050 was genotyped by pyrosequencing.Results.We observed no significant deviation of the genotype and allele frequencies in RA and SSc compared to controls. A metaanalysis and a recessive and dominant model yielded similar negative results.Conclusion.Our data show that the FcαRI 844 A>G polymorphism is not associated with SSc or RA susceptibility.
Healthcare Cost and Loss of Productivity in a Canadian Population of Patients with and without Lupus Nephritis
Authors: AGHDASSI ELAHEH , ZHANG WENDY , ST-PIERRE YVAN , CLARKE ANN E. , MORRISON STACEY , PEEVA VALENTINA , LANDOLT-MARTICORENA CAROLINA , SU JIANDONG , REICH HEATHER , SCHOLEY JAMES , HERZENBERG ANDREW , POPE JANET E. , PESCHKEN CHRISTINE ,   LuNNET CaNIOS Investigators, WITHER JOAN E. , FORTIN PAUL R. 
Published: December 2010

Objective.To compare the healthcare cost and loss of productivity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with (LN) and without lupus nephritis (lupus nephritis-negative, LNN).Method.Patients were classified into those with active (ALN and ALNN) and inactive disease (ILN and ILNN). Patients reported on visits to healthcare professionals and use of diagnostic tests, medications, assistive devices, alternative treatments, hospital emergency visits, surgical procedures, and hospitalizations as well as loss of productivity in the 4 weeks preceding enrollment.Results.Enrollment was 141 patients, 79 with LN and 62 LNN. Patients with LN were more likely to visit rheumatologists and nephrologists, undergo diagnostic tests, and had higher costs for medications than patients who were LNN. The annual healthcare cost averaged $CAN 12,597 ± 9946 for patients with LN and $10,585 ± 13,149 for patients who were LNN, a difference of $2012 (95% CI –$2075, $6100). Patients with ALN had more diagnostic tests and surgical procedures, contributing to a significantly higher annual direct cost ($14,224 ± 10,265) compared to patients with ILN ($9142 ± 8419) and a difference of $5082 (95% CI $591, $9573). The healthcare cost was not different between patients with ALNN and patients with ILNN. In patients with LN and patients who were LNN, < 50% were employed and on average missed 6.5–9 days of work per month. The loss of productivity was significantly higher for caregivers of patients with LN than caregivers of patients who were LNN.Conclusion.Healthcare cost and loss of productivity were similar between patients with LN and patients who were LNN; the loss of productivity for caregivers is higher for patients with LN; and the healthcare cost is greater in ALN than in ILN.
Anti-Interleukin 1 Treatment for Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever Resistant to Colchicine: Table 1.
Authors: ÖZEN SEZA , BILGINER YELDA , AKTAY AYAZ NURAY , CALGUNERI MERAL 
Published: December 2010

Objective.Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a recessively inherited autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and serositis. Although colchicine is the standard therapy for preventing attacks and suppressing inflammation, 5%–10% of compliant patients are colchicine-resistant. We report the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy (etanercept) and anti-interleukin 1 (IL-1) treatment (anakinra) in 6 cases resistant to colchicine therapy.Methods.Five children and an adult patient (3 female, 3 male) who were experiencing at least 2 attacks per month and had consistently elevated C-reactive protein levels despite regular colchicine therapy were given either etanercept or anakinra.Results.Although etanercept lowered the number of attacks (from 3–4 attacks per month to 2 attacks per month), attacks still recurred and acute-phase reactants remained high in 2 patients; thus etanercept was considered ineffective. All 4 patients were switched to anakinra. In 2 patients anakinra completely resolved clinical and laboratory findings. The other 4 patients have been switched to anakinra recently; to date anakinra has reduced the number of attacks (to < 1 per month) and lowered the levels of acute-phase reactants.Conclusion.In this small series, anakinra was succesful in suppressing inflammation and decreasing the number of attacks in FMF. This may be explained by the role of pyrin in the regulation of IL-1ß activation.
Phytohemagglutinin-Induced Mitotic Index in Blood Lymphocytes: A Potential Biomarker for Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Kosti Ourania , Byrne Celia , Cocilovo Costanza , Willey Shawna C. , Zheng Yun-Ling 
Published: December 2010

Background Cell proliferation is associated with the pathogenesis of cancer because it provides opportunities for accumulating genetic mutations. However, biomarkers of cell proliferation in response to environmental stimuli have not been adequately explored for breast cancer risk. Methods In a case-control study of 200 breast cancer patients and 360 healthy controls, we investigated the association between phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced mitotic index in blood lymphocyte and breast cancer risk. Results Having high mitotic index (>3.19%) was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, with adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 1.54 (1.03–2.30) and 2.03 (1.18–3.57) for all women and post-menopausal women, respectively. Mitotic index was correlated with some reproductive factors and body mass index in controls. Conclusions Our data suggest increased PHA-induced mitotic index in blood lymphocytes is associated with an increased breast cancer risk and that this association may be modulated by reproductive and other hormones.
Hepatitis B Screening Compliance and Non-compliance among Chinese, Koreans, Vietnamese and Cambodians
Authors: Ma Grace X. , Tan Yin , Wang Min Qi , Yuan Ying , Chae Wang Gyu 
Published: December 2010

ObjectiveThe purpose of this community-based study was to determine factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening compliance and non-compliance among Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese and Cambodian adults with varying levels of English language proficiency.MethodsA cross-sectional design was used consisting of a sample of 1,603 Asian adult men and women.ResultsOverall, 71.4% of the sample reported having never been screened and 28.6% reported being screened for HBV Demographic, acculturation, and barrier factors were differentially associated with screening rates among the subgroups. Demographic factors associated with never-screened were: lower education, younger age, being male, and no insurance for Chinese; lower education, lower income and no insurance for Cambodians; younger age and unmarried for Koreans; and no health insurance for Vietnamese; Acculturation factors associated with never-screened were: not speaking English for Chinese; not speaking English, not reading newspapers in English, and watching TV in one's native language for Cambodians; not speaking English for Koreans; while no significant factors were found for Vietnamese. All barriers were associated with never-screened for Cambodians and Chinese. Those who lacked knowledge about HBV and had language and transportation barrier were more likely to be never-screened for Koreans. There were no significant relationships between the barriers and the screening status for Vietnamese.ConclusionsHigh incidence of HBV and liver cancer in Asian Americans mandates a more vigorous and more culturally and linguistically appropriate educational effort to increase screening and vaccination for HBV in these underserved and mostly uninsured populations.
Autonomic Dysfunction Predicts Early Cardiac Affection in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Othman Khaled M. , Assaf Naglaa Youssef , Farouk Hanan Mohamed , Hassan Iman M. Aly 
Published: December 2010

ObjectiveTo detect the early preclinical alterations in cardiac autonomic control as well as altered cardiac function in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and their relevance to the clinical features of the disease using noninvasive methods.Methods30 SSc patients and 15 healthy controls matched for age and sex underwent clinical examination, serological analysis, and echocardiographic assessment including Doppler flow imaging to evaluate cardiac function, and 24-hour Holter monitoring analyzed for arrhythmia and heart rate variability (HRV) in the time and frequency domains.ResultsThe trans-mitral Doppler of early to atrial wave (E/A) ratio was reversed in five patients (16.6%) and the tricuspid E/A ratio was reversed in 10 patients (33.3%). Holter analysis for SSc patients revealed an increased prevalence of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) ≥ 10/h ( P = 0.02), supra-ventricular tachycardias (SVTs) ( P = 0.2), and total PVC count ( P = 0.0000). Highly significant ( P = 0.000) impairment in all HRV parameters was demonstrated in the SSc patients. Total skin thickness score (TSS), Raynaud's phenomenon and anti-scleroderma 70 (anti-SCL70) showed significant positive correlations with all arrhythmia parameters, while showing a significant negative correlation with the impaired ventricular diastolic function and various HRV parameters. No correlation was found between arrhythmia and HRV parameters and disease duration, disease type, or presence of anti-centromere antibodies.ConclusionLow heart rate variability, increased TSS and the presence of anti-SCL70 are correlated with preclinical cardiac involvement in SSc patients and may predict the likelihood of malignant arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, noninvasive HRV evaluation before clinical cardiac involvement in these patients might be beneficial when added to the clinical and laboratory assessments in detecting high-risk patients, and may allow for implementation of preventive measures and initiation of appropriate therapy early in the course of the disease.
Accuracy of MSCT Coronary Angiography with 64 Row CT Scanner—Facing the Facts
Authors: Wehrschuetz M. , Wehrschuetz E. , Schuchlenz H. , Schaffler G. 
Published: December 2010

Improvements in multislice computed tomography (MSCT) angiography of the coronary vessels have enabled the minimally invasive detection of coronary artery stenoses, while quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) is the accepted reference standard for evaluation thereof. Sixteen-slice MSCT showed promising diagnostic accuracy in detecting coronary artery stenoses haemodynamically and the subsequent introduction of 64-slice scanners promised excellent and fast results for coronary artery studies. This prompted us to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the negative und positive predictive value of 64-slice MSCT in the detection of haemodynamically significant coronary artery stenoses. Thirty-seven consecutive subjects with suspected coronary artery disease were evaluated with MSCT angiography and the results compared with QCA. All vessels were considered for the assessment of significant coronary artery stenosis (diameter reduction ≥ 50%). Thirteen patients (35%) were identified as having significant coronary artery stenoses on QCA with 6.3% (35/555) affected segments. None of the coronary segments were excluded from analysis. Overall sensitivity for classifying stenoses of 64-slice MSCT was 69%, specificity was 92%, positive predictive value was 38% and negative predictive value was 98%. The interobserver variability for detection of significant lesions had a κ-value of 0.43. Sixty-four-slice MSCT offers the diagnostic potential to detect coronary artery disease, to quantify haemodynamically significant coronary artery stenoses and to avoid unnecessary invasive coronary artery examinations.