bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matrix effects observed during pesticides residue analysis in fruits by GC
Authors: de Sousa Freitas Silvia , Lanças Fernando M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe influence of the sample matrix in the GC‐electron‐capture detection analysis of the pesticides dimethoate, diazinon, chlorothalonil, parathion methyl and fenitrothion in fruits samples has been studied. Experiments have been carried out where the pesticide responses in standard solutions prepared in selected solvent were compared with their response when present in apple, mango, papaya, banana, pineapple and melon extracts. The presence of matrix effects (MEs) and their extent were shown to be simultaneously influenced by several factors (matrix concentration, matrix type, pesticide concentration, analytical range). Pronounced MEs were observed particularly for dimethoate and diazinon in all matrices tested; in lower concentrations, all pesticides presented significant ME. The other pesticides presented variable ME. Higher ME enhancement was detected at lower pesticide concentration levels of and/or at higher matrix concentration solutions. The ME detected for fenitrothion, in the analytical range evaluated, were dependent on matrix type. For each pesticide, solvent and matrix‐matched calibrations were compared for all fruit samples, and it could be concluded that quantitation based on standard solutions prepared in blank matrix extract (matrix‐matched calibration) should be used to compensate the MEs and to obtain more accurate results for the pesticides studied.
Single‐step purification of dracorhodin from dragon's blood resin of Daemonorops draco using high‐speed counter‐current chromatography combined with pH modulation
Authors: Shi Jianmei , Hu Ruilin , Lu Yanbin , Sun Cuirong , Wu Tianxing 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDracorhodin is a major constituent found in “Dragon's blood” resin of Daemonorops draco Willd. Blume. This natural flavylium compound is a potent pharmaceutical substance due to its biological and pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor and cytotoxic activity. An effective high‐speed counter‐current chromatography method was successfully established for the isolation and purification of dracorhodin directly from extract of D. draco by using a two‐phase solvent system composed of n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (2:3:2:3 v/v). Under the optimal conditions, 6.6 mg dracorhodin was obtained from 100 mg crude resin. The isolated fraction of counter‐current chromatography was determined by HPLC, NMR, UV/visible and ESI/MS combined with pH modulation, since dracorhodin is unstable in solution which exists in different forms depending on pH values. The data were compared with those of the reference substance, and the literatures as well. The purity of dracorhodin was over 98% based on the HPLC result.
The concept of knowledge in KM: A knowledge domain process model applied to inter‐professional care
Authors: Evans Michael Max , Alleyne Joel 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGrounded in a social construction view of knowledge and based on the work of Haridimos Tsoukas and Max Boisot, this paper attempts to extend Colin Reilly's knowledge domain model using a process modeling approach. The objective of this paper is to construct a more comprehensive meta‐understanding of knowledge domains that considers the influence of organizational context, of a community or group (social construction of knowledge), the presence of events and knowledge artifacts, temporal cycles, and individual knowledge processes.The authors begin by synthesizing the existing literature review to construct the proposed Knowledge Domain Process (KDP) model. Following the construction of the model, the authors develop and use a composite case (from a number of cases experienced by one of the authors as a practitioner) to illustrate the application of the model. The proposed model is then applied to an Inter‐Professional Care (IPC) setting within health care, to illustrate how knowledge is constructed, exchanged, and used across numerous health care communities, in an effort to improve coordination and care.The KDP model attempts to provide researchers and practitioners with a more structured, detailed, and analytical way of looking at the processes involved in knowledge construction and dissemination. This model is viewed as a work‐in‐progress and is still under development. Use by others is encouraged and will help validate or refute the model in part or in whole. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transoral resection of short segment Zenker's diverticulum and cricopharyngeal myotomy: An alternative minimally invasive approach
Authors: Mortensen Melissa , Schaberg Madeleine R. , Genden Eric M. , Woo Peak 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Transoral treatment of cricopharyngeal bar and small Zenker's diverticulum remains a challenge. We propose a new transoral approach for transoral cricopharyngeal myotomy (TOCPM) for patients with cricopharyngeal spasm and pharyngeal bar, and for transoral resection of diverticula (TORD) with cricopharyngeal myotomy in the patient with small (<3 cm) Zenker's diverticulum.Methods:A retrospective review was conducted of 45 patients with cricopharyngeal spasm (21) and Zenker's diverticulum (24), where 14 patients were considered suitable for TORD and TOCPM. TOCPM used the Weerda laryngoscope (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) to expose the cricopharyngeal bar using a microscope; the mucosa is cut and then the muscle is transected using monopolar cautery. A 0° endoscope is inserted through the incision to ensure complete myotomy. Incision closure is by interrupted 4‐0 Vicryl sutures (Ethicon Inc., Somerville, NJ) and fibrin glue. For the TORD procedure, the diverticular sac is everted and then resected using scissors. Through the sac opening, the TOCPM is completed. The sac opening is then closed as described in TOCPM. The patients are kept without food for 24 hours, followed by feeding and discharge. Modified barium swallow (MBS) evaluated functional results.Results:Fourteen patients underwent TOCPM (eight), and TOCPM+TORD (six). There was one case of TOCPM that was aborted due to excessive bleeding, which prevented full myotomy. The rest did well. All were discharged the next day. Two poor results from the TOCPM and TOCPM+TORD group were due to poor esophageal motility. The remainder of patients had resolution of dysphagia and normalized MBS. No patient developed stricture or complications.Conclusions:Short segment Zenker's diverticulum and cricopharyngeal bar can now be addressed completely with a transoral approach. Because there is complete closure of the mucosal incision, prolonged hospitalization can be avoided. Laryngoscope, 2010
Bone chip‐induced rhinosinusitis
Authors: Reilly Brian K. , Conley David B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis case report describes both the pathophysiology and management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Specifically, we report a case of chronic maxillary rhinosinusitis with a free‐floating maxillary sinus calcification (bone chip). After obtaining the computed tomography scan, the patient underwent endoscopic sinus surgery, with removal of the uncinate, enlargement of the diseased natural ostium of the maxillary sinus, and removal of the diseased bone chip. This eliminated the nidus for infection, ultimately restoring mucociliary flow. Laryngoscope, 2009
Additional heterozygous 2507A>C mutation of WFS1 in progressive hearing loss at lower frequencies
Authors: Fujikawa Taro , Noguchi Yoshihiro , Ito Taku , Takahashi Masatoki , Kitamura Ken 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To describe the audiological profiles in a Japanese family with autosomal dominant hereditary sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and to identify the causative gene.Study Design:A family study at an academic tertiary referral center.Methods:A family with autosomal dominant hereditary SNHL was enrolled. Hearing loss (HL) of affected members showed mid‐frequency SNHL in childhood and progressed at lower frequencies with age, resulting in low‐frequency SNHL. To understand the pathology of HL of this family, we performed a genetic analysis of WFS1, TECTA, and GJB2 by direct sequencing, and further audiovestibular examinations, including speech audiometry, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, electrocochleography, auditory brainstem responses, and electronystagmography for some affected members.Results:A heterozygous A‐to‐C nucleotide transversion (c.2507A>C), resulting in a lysine‐to‐threonine substitution at codon 836 (K836T) was identified in exon 8 of WFS1. K836T was segregated with HL in the 15 participants in the genetic study but was not detected in the 212 normal chromosomes. Only polymorphic changes were detected in TECTA and GJB2. Audiovestibular examinations indicated purely cochlear HL and normal vestibular function. The summating potential/action potential ratios in electrocochleography increased in the bilateral ears of the proband.Conclusions:The family described with autosomal dominant inheritance of K836T of the WFS1 gene demonstrates a progressive hearing loss in the lower frequencies. Laryngoscope, 2010
Is severe epistaxis associated with acetylsalicylic acid intake?
Authors: Soyka Michael B. , Rufibach Kaspar , Huber Alex , Holzmann David 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Epistaxis represents a very common emergency in any ear, nose, and throat (ENT) department around the world. Despite other risk factors, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) contributes to nosebleeds by its intrinsic ability to impair thrombocyte aggregation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of ASA on the severity of epistaxis and to compare it with other potential risk factors.Study Design:A prospective cohort study was performed at the ENT department of University Hospital Zurich.Methods:A total of 591 events were evaluated concerning surgical interventions and the length of in‐hospital stay. Further analyses regarding recurrences and number of treatments and a specially designed severity score, as well as other outcome parameters, were performed.Results:Ninety‐nine patients needed to stay in‐hospital for at least 1 day. Nearly 30% of all patients had ASA intake, and only 18% were on vitamin K antagonist therapy. Patients on ASA showed significantly more surgical interventions, a higher recurrence rate, and a larger number of required treatments as well as an increased severity score. Duration of in‐hospital stay and the complication rate, however, were not associated with drug intake.Conclusions:We not only identified ASA to be one of the major risk factors in epistaxis, but also quantified its impact on the severity of nose bleeding. We emphasize the importance of a well‐indicated antiaggregational therapy, and strongly discourage using ASA as a life‐style drug for the elderly. ASA therapy needs to be discontinued whenever possible and reasonable. Laryngoscope, 2010
Management of patients treated with chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer without prophylactic feeding tubes: The University of Pittsburgh experience
Authors: McLaughlin Brian T. , Gokhale Abhay S. , Shuai Yongli , Diacopoulos Joyce , Carrau Ricardo , Heron Dwight E. , Smith Ryan P. , Gibson Michael K. , Ferris Robert L. , Grandis Jennifer R. , Johnson Jonas T. , Argiris Athanassios 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Mucositis and dysphagia are common complications of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for head and neck cancer that may necessitate nutritional support with a gastrostomy tube (G‐tube).Methods:We reviewed records of patients who underwent and completed CRT, which included at least one traditional chemotherapeutic, for previously untreated head and neck cancer. G‐tubes were placed as needed. The timing and duration of G‐tube placement and treatment‐related complications and risk factors for long‐term G‐tube use were analyzed.Results:A total of 91 consecutive patients who received CRT, 68 as primary and 23 as postoperative treatment, were studied. Radiation doses ranged from 59.4 to 74 Gy (median, 70 Gy). Seventy‐nine percent of patients received platinum‐based therapy during CRT. Severe mucositis occurred in 40% of patients. Forty percent of patients required G‐tube placement (15 prior to CRT and 21 during CRT). Median duration of G‐tube use was 5.8 months. Two patients who had a G‐tube placed during CRT developed a G‐tube‐related complication. At 6 and 12 months, 15 (18%) and four (6%) patients who were disease free were using G‐tubes, respectively. Patients with G‐tubes placed prior to CRT or advanced T stage had longer G‐tube dependence.Conclusions:With aggressive supportive care it is feasible to avoid G‐tubes in the majority of patients undergoing CRT for head and neck cancer. G‐tube placement prior to CRT due to pre‐existing dysphagia and advanced T stage are associated with prolonged G‐tube dependence. Laryngoscope, 2010
Characterizing and correcting gradient errors in non‐cartesian imaging: Are gradient errors linear time‐invariant (LTI)?
Authors: Brodsky Ethan K. , Samsonov Alexey A. , Block Walter F. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNon‐Cartesian and rapid imaging sequences are more sensitive to scanner imperfections such as gradient delays and eddy currents. These imperfections vary between scanners and over time and can be a significant impediment to successful implementation and eventual adoption of non‐Cartesian techniques by scanner manufacturers. Differences between the k‐space trajectory desired and the trajectory actually acquired lead to misregistration and reduction in image quality. While early calibration methods required considerable scan time, more recent methods can work more quickly by making certain approximations. We examine a rapid gradient calibration procedure applied to multiecho three‐dimensional projection reconstruction (3DPR) acquisitions in which the calibration runs as part of every scan. After measuring the trajectories traversed for excitations on each of the orthogonal gradient axes, trajectories for the oblique projections actually acquired during the scan are synthesized as linear combinations of these measurements. The ability to do rapid calibration depends on the assumption that gradient errors are linear and time‐invariant (LTI). This work examines the validity of these assumptions and shows that the assumption of linearity is reasonable, but that gradient errors can vary over short time periods (due to changes in gradient coil temperature) and thus it is important to use calibration data matched to the scan data. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved technique for measurement of regional fractional ventilation by hyperpolarized 3He MRI
Authors: Emami Kiarash , Kadlecek Stephen J. , Woodburn John M. , Zhu Jianliang , Yu Jiangsheng , Vahdat Vahid , Pickup Stephen , Ishii Masaru , Rizi Rahim R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractQuantitative measurement of regional lung ventilation is of great significance in assessment of lung function in many obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases. A new technique for regional measurement of fractional ventilation using hyperpolarized 3He MRI is proposed, addressing the shortcomings of an earlier approach that limited its use to small animals. The new approach allows for the acquisition of similar quantitative maps over a shortened period and requires substantially less 3He gas. This technique is therefore a better platform for implementation in large species, including humans. The measurements using the two approaches were comparable to a great degree, as verified in a healthy rat lung, and are very reproducible. Preliminary validation is performed in a lung phantom system. Volume dependency of measurements was assessed both in vivo and in vitro. A scheme for selecting an optimum flip angle is proposed. In addition, a dead space modeling approach is proposed to yield more accurate measurements of regional fractional ventilation using either method. Finally, sensitivity of the new technique to model parameters, noise, and number of included images were assessed numerically. As a prelude to application in humans, the technique was implemented in a large animal study successfully. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A 2D MTF approach to evaluate and guide dynamic imaging developments
Authors: Chao Tzu‐Cheng , Chung Hsiao‐Wen , Hoge W. Scott , Madore Bruno 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAs the number and complexity of partially sampled dynamic imaging methods continue to increase, reliable strategies to evaluate performance may prove most useful. In the present work, an analytical framework to evaluate given reconstruction methods is presented. A perturbation algorithm allows the proposed evaluation scheme to perform robustly without requiring knowledge about the inner workings of the method being evaluated. A main output of the evaluation process consists of a two‐dimensional modulation transfer function, an easy‐to‐interpret visual rendering of a method's ability to capture all combinations of spatial and temporal frequencies. Approaches to evaluate noise properties and artifact content at all spatial and temporal frequencies are also proposed. One fully sampled phantom and three fully sampled cardiac cine datasets were subsampled (R = 4 and 8) and reconstructed with the different methods tested here. A hybrid method, which combines the main advantageous features observed in our assessments, was proposed and tested in a cardiac cine application, with acceleration factors of 3.5 and 6.3 (skip factors of 4 and 8, respectively). This approach combines features from methods such as k‐t sensitivity encoding, unaliasing by Fourier encoding the overlaps in the temporal dimension‐sensitivity encoding, generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition, sensitivity profiles from an array of coils for encoding and reconstruction in parallel, self, hybrid referencing with unaliasing by Fourier encoding the overlaps in the temporal dimension and generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition, and generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition–enhanced sensitivity maps for sensitivity encoding reconstructions. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A hybrid method for simulation factor screening
Authors: Shen Hua , Wan Hong , Sanchez Susan M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFactor screening is performed to eliminate unimportant factors so that the remaining important factors can be more thoroughly studied in later experiments. Controlled sequential bifurcation (CSB) and controlled sequential factorial design (CSFD) are two new screening methods for discrete‐event simulations. Both methods use hypothesis testing procedures to control the Type I Error and power of the screening results. The scenarios for which each method is most efficient are complementary. This study proposes a two‐stage hybrid approach that combines CSFD and an improved CSB called CSB‐X. In Phase 1, a prescreening procedure will estimate each effect and determine whether CSB‐X or CSFD will be used for further screening. In Phase 2, CSB‐X and CSFD are performed separately based on the assignment of Phase 1. The new method usually has the same error control as CSB‐X and CSFD. The efficiency, on the other hand, is usually much better than either component method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
The Meul Index: A non‐destructive method for estimating the cortical index in skeletal samples
Authors: Meulendyk T. , Dewar G. , Schillaci M. A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe study of osteoporosis in past populations provides insight into the history and evolution of this condition. The Cortical Index is a relative measure of cortical bone often used for identifying individuals with age‐related bone loss associated with osteoporosis. Current methods of measuring the Cortical Index involve radiography or cutting actual sections of long bones at the mid‐shaft. We propose a new index, the Meul Index as means for estimating the Cortical Index without the use of radiography. Based on a preliminary study of 13 individuals consisting of 9 males, 3 females and one unknown sex, ranging in age from young to older adult, the Meul Index is highly correlated with the Cortical Index (r = 0.903). The proposed Meul Index provides a non‐destructive and inexpensive means for studying age‐related bone loss in prehistoric and historic populations represented by skeletal samples. Our research builds on the recent publication of Silva, A.M., Crubezy, E. and Cunha, E. 2008. Bone weight: new reference values based on a modern Portuguese identified skeletal collection.Int. J. Osteoarchaeol.DOI: 10.1002/oa.998. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐transplant lung function is predictive of survival following pediatric bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Ginsberg Jill P. , Aplenc Richard , McDonough Joseph , Bethel James , Doyle John , Weiner Daniel J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary toxicity is well described in recipients of bone marrow transplants (BMT), and accounts for a sizeable proportion of post‐transplant mortality. The majority of the data on post‐transplant pulmonary function is from adults, although several small pediatric case series have been described. In adults, pre‐transplant lung function has been predictive of post‐transplant respiratory failure and mortality. This use of pulmonary function testing, that is, for pre‐transplant risk counseling, is novel but has never been applied to pediatric patients. We hypothesized that in children, as in adults, pre‐transplant pulmonary function would also be predictive of outcome post‐transplantation morbidity.ProcedureRetrospective database analysis of pulmonary function tests of patients undergoing first myeloablative BMT at two large children's hospitals.ResultsTwo hundred seventy‐three subjects had at least one pre‐transplant PFT, and 317 subjects had at least one post‐transplant PFT available for analysis. While the majority of patients had normal or mildly reduced pre‐transplant flows and lung volume, 25% had moderately or severely reduced diffusion. All lung function parameters decreased post‐transplant with a slow improvement over ensuing years. The Lung Function Score, a combined measurement of FEV1 and DLCO, was highly associated with post‐transplant survival. Hazard ratios for mortality (compared to the best LFS) ranged from 1.654 to 2.454.ConclusionsLung function prior to bone marrow transplant, especially diffusing capacity, is frequently abnormal. Lung function frequently decreases shortly post‐transplant and tends to improve over time, but frequently remains abnormal even years after transplant. Post‐transplant survival is related to pre‐transplant lung function. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:454–460. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.