bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEDIUM- AND LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF SURGICAL RECONSTRUCTION IN ACUTE CHARCOT NEUROARTHROPATHY
Authors: Patel A. , Sivaprakasam M. , Reichert I. , Ahluwalia R. , Kavarthapu V. 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionCharcot neuroarthropathy (CN) of foot and ankle presents significant challenges to the orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeon. Current treatment focuses on conservative management during the acute CN phase with offloading followed by deformity correction during the chronic phase. However, the deformity can progress in some feet despite optimal offloading resulting ulceration, infection, and limb loss. Our aim was to assess outcomes of primary surgical management with early reconstruction.MethodsBetween December 2011 and December 2019, 25 patients underwent operative intervention at our specialist diabetic foot unit for CN with progressive deformity and or instability despite advanced offloading. All had peripheral neuropathy, and the majority due to diabetes. Twenty-six feet were operated on in total - 14 during Eichenholtz stage 1 and 12 during stage 2. Fourteen of these were performed as single stage procedures, whereas 12 as two-stage reconstructions. These included isolated hindfoot reconstructions in seven, midfoot in four and combined in 14 feet. Mean age at the time of operation was 54. Preoperative ulceration was evident in 14 patients.ResultsMean follow up was 45 months (Range 12–98). There was 100% limb salvage. One-year ambulation outcomes demonstrate FWB in bespoke footwear for 17 patients and in an ankle foot orthosis (AFO), Charcot restraint orthopaedic walker (CROW) or bivalve cast for seven. All preoperative ulceration had healed. Union was achieved in 18/21 hindfoot reconstructions and 7/18 midfoot reconstructions. There were nine episodes of return to theatre, of which five were within the first 12 months. There was one episode of new ulceration.ConclusionSurgical management of acute CN (Eichenholtz one and two) of the foot provides functional limb salvage. In particular, hindfoot reconstruction shows good rates of bony union. It should be considered in ‘foot at risk’ presentations of acute CN foot.
THE UK FOOT AND ANKLE COVID-19 NATIONAL (FALCON) AUDIT: RATE OF COVID-19 INFECTION AND 30-DAY MORTALITY IN FOOT AND ANKLE SURGERY IN THE UK
Authors: Houchen-Wollof L. , Malhotra K. , Mangwani J. , Mason L. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThe primary objective was to determine the incidence of COVID-19 infection and 30-day mortality in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery during the global pandemic. Secondary objectives were to determine if there was a change in infection and complication profile with changes introduced in practice.DesignMulticentre retrospective national audit.SettingUK-based study on foot and ankle patients who underwent surgery between the 13th January to 31st July 2020 – examining time periods pre- UK national lockdown, during lockdown (23rd March to 11th May 2020) and post-lockdown.ParticipantsAll adult patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery in an operating theatre during the study period included from 43 participating centres in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.Main Outcome MeasuresVariables recorded included demographics, surgical data, comorbidity data, COVID-19 and mortality rates, complications, and infection rates.Results6644 patients were included. In total 0.52% of operated patients contracted COVID-19 (n=35). The overall all cause 30-day mortality rate was 0.41%, however in patients who contracted COVID-19, the mortality rate was 25.71% (n=9); this was significantly higher for patients undergoing diabetic foot surgery (75%, n=3 deaths). Matching for age, ASA and comorbidities, the OR of mortality with COVID-19 infection was 11.71 (95% CI 1.55 to 88.74, p=0.017). There were no differences in surgical complications or infection rates prior to or after lockdown, and amongst patients with and without COVID-19 infection. After lockdown COVID-19 infection rate was 0.15% and no patient died of COVID-19 infection.ConclusionsCOVID-19 infection was rare in foot and ankle patients even at the peak of lockdown. However, there was a significant mortality rate in those who contracted COVID-19. Overall surgical complications and post-operative infection rates remained unchanged during the period of this audit. Patients and treating medical personnel should be aware of the risks to enable informed decisions.
TWO-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF 334 THIRD-GENERATION MINIMALLY INVASIVE CHEVRON AKIN OSTEOTOMIES (MICA) IN HALLUX VALGUS SURGERY
Authors: Lewis T.L. , Ray R. , Gordon D. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThere are many different procedures described for the correction of hallux valgus deformity. Minimally invasive surgery has become increasingly popular, with clinical and radiological outcomes comparable to traditional open osteotomy approaches. There is increasing interest in hallux valgus deformity correction using third-generation minimally invasive chevron akin osteotomy (MICA) technique.ObjectiveTo assess the radiographic correction and 2 year clinical outcomes of third-generation MICA using validated outcome measures.MethodsThis is a prospective single-surgeon case series of 420 consecutive feet undergoing MICA surgery between July 2014 and November 2018. Primary clinical outcome measures included the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ), EQ-5D, and the Visual Analogue Pain Scale. Secondary outcome measures included radiographic parameters, and complication rates.ResultsPre-operative and 2 year post-operative patient reported outcomes were collected for 334 feet (79.5%). At minimum 2 year follow-up, the MOXFQ scores (mean ± standard deviation (SD)) had improved for each domain: pain; pre-operative 43.9±21.0 reduced to 9.1±15.6 post-operatively (p<0.001), walking and standing; pre-operative 38.2±23.6 reduced to 6.5±14.5 post-operatively (p<0.001) and social interaction; pre-operative 47.6±22.1, reduced to 6.5±13.5 post-operatively (p<0.001). At 2 year follow-up, the VAS Pain score (mean ± SD) improved from a pre-operative of 31.3±22.4 to 8.3±16.2 post-operatively (p<0.001). 1–2 intermetatarsal angle (mean ± SD) reduced from 15.4°±3.5° to 5.8°±3.1° (p<0.001) and hallux valgus angle reduced from 33.1°±10.2° to 9.0°±5.0° post-operatively (p<0.001).ConclusionThird-generation MICA showed significant improvement in clinical outcomes at 2 year follow-up and can be successfully used for correction of a wide range of hallux valgus deformities.
Effect of vertical, horizontal, and combined plyometric training on jump, sprint and change of direction performance in male soccer players
Authors: Moran Jason , Vali Norodin , Sand Anders , Beato Marco , Hammami Raouf , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Chaabene Helmi , Sandercock Gavin 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of vertical (VPT), horizontal (HPT) and combined vertical and horizontal (V+HPT) plyometric training on sprint, jump and change of direction (COD) performance in adult male soccer players.

Method
Participants were randomly allocated into VPT (n = 8), HPT (n = 8) and V+HPT (n = 8) groups which undertook eight weeks of PT, executing 100 foot contacts per session, twice weekly.

Results
Though demonstrably effective, no specific one of the three applied programmes enhanced performance to a greater extent than another with only the 40 m sprint for the HPT group (mean difference = 0.07 s [HPT] vs. 0.04 s [VPT] and 0.04 s [V+HPT]) and the vertical jump for the V+HPT group (mean difference = 4.5 cm [V+HPT] vs. 4.0 cm [VPT] and 3.25 cm [HPT]) appearing to deviate from a uniform pattern of group level adaptation across the performance tests.

Conclusion
A total volume of 100 foot contacts per session, twice per week for eight weeks was sufficient to achieve the observed changes. Though jump and changing direction performance were enhanced, linear sprint performance was largely unchanged and so a more complete and intense programme may have been warranted. No method was superior to another in eliciting changes across these tests and a directionally-specific pattern of adaptation was not apparent.
Mortality and resource utilization in surgical versus transcatheter repeat mitral valve replacement: A national analysis
Authors: Le Nguyen K. , Chervu Nikhil , Mallick Saad , Vadlakonda Amulya , Kim Shineui , Curry Joanna , Benharash Peyman 
Published: May 2024

Background
Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) has garnered interest as a viable alternative to the traditional surgical mitral valve replacement (SMVR) for high-risk patients requiring redo operations. This study aims to evaluate the association of TMVR with selected clinical and financial outcomes.

Methods
Adults undergoing isolated redo mitral valve replacement were identified in the 2016–2020 Nationwide Readmissions Database and categorized into TMVR or SMVR cohorts. Various regression models were developed to assess the association between TMVR and in-hospital mortality, as well as additional secondary outcomes. Transseptal and transapical catheter-based approaches were also compared in relation to study endpoints.

Results
Of an estimated 7,725 patients, 2,941 (38.1%) underwent TMVR. During the study period, the proportion of TMVR for redo operations increased from 17.8% to 46.7% (nptrend<0.001). Following adjustment, TMVR was associated with similar odds of in-hospital mortality (AOR 0.82, p = 0.48), but lower odds of stroke (AOR 0.44, p = 0.001), prolonged ventilation (AOR 0.43, p<0.001), acute kidney injury (AOR 0.61, p<0.001), and reoperation (AOR 0.29, p = 0.02). TMVR was additionally correlated with shorter postoperative length of stay (pLOS; β -0.98, p<0.001) and reduced costs (β -$10,100, p = 0.002). Additional analysis demonstrated that the transseptal approach had lower adjusted mortality (AOR 0.44, p = 0.02), shorter adjusted pLOS (β -0.43, p<0.001), but higher overall costs (β $5,200, p = 0.04), compared to transapical.

Conclusions
In this retrospective cohort study, we noted TMVR to yield similar odds of in-hospital mortality as SMVR, but fewer complications and reduced healthcare expenditures. Moreover, transseptal approaches were associated with lower adjusted mortality, shorter pLOS, but higher cost, relative to the transapical. Our findings suggest that TMVR represent a cost-effective and safe treatment modality for patients requiring redo mitral valve procedures. Nevertheless, future studies examining long-term outcomes associated with SMVR and TMVR in redo mitral valve operations, are needed.
Examining the relationship between social determinants of health, measures of structural racism and county-level overdose deaths from 2017–2020
Authors: Lindenfeld Zoe , Silver Diana , Pagán José A. , Zhang Donglan Stacy , Chang Ji Eun 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Despite being an important determinant of health outcomes, measures of structural racism are lacking in studies examining the relationship between the social determinants of health (SDOH) and overdose deaths. The aim of this study is to examine the association between per capita revenue generated from fines and forfeitures, a novel measure of structural racism, and other SDOH with county-level overdose deaths from 2017–2020.

Methods
This longitudinal analysis of 2,846 counties from 2017–2020 used bivariate and multivariate Generalized Estimating Equations models to estimate associations between county overdose mortality rates and SDOH characteristics, including the fines and forfeitures measure.

Results
In our multivariate model, higher per capita fine and forfeiture revenue (5.76; CI: 4.76, 6.78), households receiving food stamps (1.15; CI: 0.77, 1.53), residents that are veterans (1.07; CI: 0.52, 1.63), substance use treatment availability (4.69; CI: 3.03, 6.33) and lower population density (-0.002; CI: -0.004, -0.001) and percent of Black residents (-0.7`; CI: -1.01, -0.42) were significantly associated with higher overdose death rates. There was a significant additive interaction between the fines and forfeitures measure (0.10; CI: 0.03, 0.17) and the percent of Black residents.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that structural racism, along with other SDOH, is associated with overdose deaths. Future research should focus on connecting individual-level data on fines and forfeitures to overdose deaths and other health outcomes, include measures of justice-related fines, such as court fees, and assess whether interventions aimed at increasing economic vitality in disadvantaged communities impact overdose deaths in a meaningful way.
Frailty and risk of systemic atherosclerosis: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xu Liugang , Wang Yajun , Ji Hongyun , Du Wei , You Chunhui , Chen Jin , Jiang Jianyu , Shan Yisi , Pan Qian , Cao Ruihong 
Published: May 2024

Background
Numerous observational studies have reported an association between frailty and atherosclerosis. However, the causal relationship between frailty and the occurrence of atherosclerosis in different anatomical sites remains unclear. we conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the causal relationship between the frailty index (FI), and both systemic atherosclerosis and lipids.

Methods
We obtained summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of various phenotypes, including frailty (n = 175,226), coronary atherosclerosis (n = 56,685), cerebral atherosclerosis (n = 150,765), peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (n = 361,194), atherosclerosis at other sites (n = 17,832), LDL-C (n = 201,678), HDL-C (n = 77,409), and triglycerides (n = 78,700). The primary MR analysis employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Furthermore, to assess reverse causality, we employed inverse MR and multivariate MR analysis.

Results
Genetically predicted FI showed positive associations with the risk of coronary atherosclerosis (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.12–1.93) and cerebral atherosclerosis (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.05–3.78), with no significant association (p >0.05) applied to peripheral arterial disease and atherosclerosis at other sites. Genetically predicted FI was positively associated with the risk of triglycerides (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.08–1.59), negatively associated with the risk of LDL-C (OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.78–0.97), and showed no significant association with the risk of HDL-C (p >0.05). Furthermore, both reverse MR and multivariate MR analyses demonstrated a correlation between systemic atherosclerosis, lipids, and increased FI.

Conclusion
Our study elucidated that genetically predicted FI is associated with the risk of coronary atherosclerosis and cerebral atherosclerosis by the MR analysis method, and they have a bidirectional causal relationship. Moreover, genetically predicted FI was causally associated with triglyceride and LDL-C levels. Further understanding of this association is crucial for optimizing medical practice and care models specifically tailored to frail populations.
The development of methods for determination the total flavonoids in buds of Populus alba L.
Authors: Kurkin Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Kurkina Anna Vladimirovna , Kosenko Anna Aleksandrovana 
Published: May 2024

White poplar (Populus alba L., family Saliaceae ) has a similar chemical composition with other species of the genus Populus L. and it can consider as a promising source of raw materials containing phenolic compounds, in particular flavonoids. The pharmacological activity of the buds of pharmacopeial species of genus Populus L., and also of the white poplar is caused by biologically active compounds, mainly of a phenolic nature, including flavonoids (pinostrobin, piriocembrin, quercetin, etc.), phenylpropanoids (caffeic acid, etc.) and simple phenols (salicin).. One of the most well-known biologically active compounds of white poplar is quercetin, for which an antihistamine, anti-inflammatory action has been demonstrated. Differential spectrophotometry carried out in accordance with the OFS was used as a research method.1.2.1.1.0003.15 "Spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet and visible regions". Spectral characteristics of water-alcohol extracts were evaluated on a Specord 40 spectrophotometer (Analytik Jena AG, Germany) in cuvettes with a layer thickness of 10 mm.
It was determined that in all electronic spectra of the water-ethanolic extractions from the buds of the white poplar there are two absorption maxima in the area of 290 nm and 370 nm, due to flavanones and flavonols, respectively. It was established that in the electronic spectra of the water-ethanolic extractions from the buds of the white poplar, a significant bathochromic shift of the long-wavelength band in the presence of aluminum chloride is observed, which confirms the presence of flavonoids. Under the conditions of differential spectrophotometry UV spectrum of the water-ethanolic extractions from the buds of the white poplar, an absorption maximum is observed at wavelength of 430 nm, which indicates the expediency of using quercetin in the analysis technique, which has an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 430±2 nm. As a result of the study, the method has been developed for the quantitative determination of the amount of flavonoids in the buds of white poplar using differential spectrophotometry calculated on quercetin at an analytical wavelength of 430 nm. The optimal parameters of extraction of raw materials were determined: extractant – 90% ethyl alcohol, the ratio of "raw material-extractant" – 1:30, extraction time – 60 minutes. The content of the total flavonoids calculated on quercetin in the buds of the white poplar is varied from 0,45±0,02 % to 0.69 ± 0.03%
Assessment of heat transfer capabilities of some known nanofluids under turbulent flow conditions in a five-turn spiral pipe flow
Authors: Danışmaz Merdin , Demirbilek Mesut 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, the thermo-flow behaviours of the spiral tube were examined using water and some nanofluids such as TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CuO, ZnO, and CeO2. The computational flow dynamic modelling of the spiral coiled tube was performed with ANSYS 20 software program. The k–ε model with a standard wall function was used to simulate the thermo-flow characteristics. The solution of the governing equations was performed using the discretization method of finite volume. The study was carried out considering the case of fluid-to-fluid heat transfer in turbulent conditions. The influence of different key design parameters such as Reynolds number, different nanofluids, and flow arrangements was of main interest. The volume concentration of the nanofluids is 1%. The experiments were performed at different Reynolds ranges (9,000, 14,000, 20,000, and 25,000). The outlet temperature values, heat transfer coefficient, coefficient of friction, Nusselt number values of water, and nanofluids were found and compared. It was found that the outlet temperature, heat transfer coefficient, and Nusselt number values of water were the lowest, while the coefficient of friction value was the highest compared to the nanofluids. Among the nanofluids, CeO was found to have the highest outlet temperature, heat transfer coefficient, and Nusselt number value, as well as the lowest coefficient of friction value. TiO2 was found to have the lowest outlet temperature (T
out), the heat transfer coefficient value, and the highest coefficient of friction value. Al2O3 was found to have the lowest Nusselt number. In addition, Nusselt number values were obtained at different Dean numbers of water (2,200, 3,400, 4,900, 6,100, 7,350, and 8,600) and found to be compatible with previous studies. In addition, the coefficients of friction values of water at different velocities (0.18, 0.24, 0.41, 0.71, 0.95, 1.07, and 1.18) were obtained and found to be compatible with previous studies.
Numerical study of blood-based MHD tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable stretching sheet with variable thermal conductivity and cross-diffusion
Authors: Senthilvadivu Karuppiah , Loganathan Karuppusamy , Abbas Mohamed , Alqahtani Mohammed S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Modern heat transport processes such as fuel cells, hybrid engines, microelectronics, refrigerators, heat exchangers, grinding, coolers, machining, and pharmaceutical operations may benefit from the unique properties of nanoliquids. By considering

Al

2

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3

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nanoparticles as a solo model and

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2

O

3

–
Cu

{{\rm{Al}}}_{2}{{\rm{O}}}_{3}{\rm{\mbox{--}}}{\rm{Cu}}

as hybrid nanocomposites in a hyperbolic tangent fluid, numerical simulations for heat and mass transfer have been established. To compare the thermal acts of the nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid, bvp4c computes the solution for the created mathematical equations with the help of MATLAB software. The impacts of thermal radiation, such as altering thermal conductivity and cross-diffusion, as well as flow and thermal facts, including a stretchy surface with hydromagnetic, and Joule heating, were also included. Furthermore, the hybrid nanofluid generates heat faster than a nanofluid. The temperature and concentration profiles increase with the Dufour and the Soret numbers, respectively. The upsurge permeability and Weissenberg parameter decline to the velocity. An upsurge variable of the thermal conductivity grows to the temperature profile. Compared to the nanofluids, the hybrid nanofluids have higher thermal efficiency, making them a more effective working fluid. The magnetic field strength significantly reduces the movement and has a striking effect on the width of the momentum boundary layer.
Fractional view analytical analysis of generalized regularized long wave equation
Authors: Ganie Abdul Hamid , Yasmin Humaira , Alderremy Aisha A. , Alshehry Azzh Saad , Aly Shaban 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this research study, we focus on the generalized regularized long wave equation and the modified regularized long wave equation, which play pivotal roles in characterizing plasma waves in oceans and ion acoustic waves in shallow water, a domain deeply rooted in physical phenomena. Employing two computational techniques, namely, the optimal auxiliary function method and the Laplace iterative transform method, we approximate these equations. These formulas are used to characterize plasma waves in oceans and ion acoustic waves in shallow water. The results discovered have important ramifications for our comprehension of many physical events. Our results show that both methods are robust, easy to use, and successful. Both methods yield results that are satisfactory to each other. With the use of tables and graphs, we compared the two suggested approaches. The findings suggest that the suggested methods can be widely applied to explore other real-world problems.
Chemical constituents from the Saposhnikovia divaricata and their antiproliferative activity
Authors: Sun Yan , Liu Yan , Yang Rui , Wang Si-Yi , Pan Juan , Guan Wei , Kuang Hai-Xue , Wang Yan-Hong , Yang Bing-You 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Nine compounds were isolated and identified from ethanolic extracts of Saposhnikovia divaricata, including one new alkaloid (1), one new pentacyclic triterpenoid (9), and seven known alkaloids (2–8). Structural elucidation of compounds 1 and 9 was established by 1D and 2D NMR spectra referring to the literature, together with high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis. All compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against two cancer cell lines (LN229, A549) in vitro. Compounds (1–9) showed no significant antiproliferative activity.