bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐dose rabeprazole–amoxicillin dual therapy and rabeprazole triple therapy with amoxicillin and levofloxacin for 2 weeks as first and second line rescue therapies for Helicobacter pylori treatment failures
Authors: Goh K.‐L. , Manikam J. , Qua C.‐S. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryBackgroundH. pylori eradication failures are difficult to treat and rescue therapies often consist of complex treatment regimens.AimTo determine an effective and practical rescue therapeutic strategy for H. pylori treatment failures using two consecutive regimens: first rescue therapy ‐ rabeprazole 20 mg t.d.s. and amoxicillin 1 g t.d.s. for 2 weeks and for failures a further second rescue therapy ‐ rabeprazole 20 mg b.d., levofloxacin 500 mg b.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.d. for a further 2 weeks.MethodsConsecutive patients who failed the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) 1‐week triple therapy were recruited for the study. H. pylori status was determined by a C13 urea breath test.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐nine patients received the first rescue therapy. Seven were not compliant to medication/defaulted follow‐up. Eradication success‐ first rescue therapy: per protocol (PP) analysis‐107/142 (75.4%) (95% CI (68.3–82.4%) and intention to treat (ITT) analysis‐107/149 (71.8%) 95% CI (64.6–79.0%). Thirty‐one of 35 patients who failed the first rescue therapy received the second rescue therapy. All were compliant with medications. Eradication success‐ PP and ITT was 28/31 (90.3%) 95% CI (74.2–98.0%). The cumulative eradication rate using both rescue therapies: PP analysis‐ 135/138 (97.8%) 95% CI: (93.8–99.6%), ITT analysis‐ 135/149 (90.6%) 95% CI: (84.7–94.8%).ConclusionsA 2‐week high dose PPI‐amoxicillin dual therapy followed by a PPI‐amoxicillin‐levofloxacin triple therapy were highly successful in achieving eradication in H. pylori treatment failures.
Understanding parental engagement with child welfare services: an integrated model
Authors: Platt Dendy 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper takes an ecological approach to understanding engagement of parents with services when children may be at risk of abuse/maltreatment. Gaining parental cooperation is a fundamental factor affecting social work interventions, treatment and decision‐making. Based on a review of current literature, the paper adapts the Multifactor Offender Readiness Model to the child welfare context, using insights from other theoretical and empirical work. Parental engagement with child welfare services is portrayed as having behavioural, attitudinal and relationship components, and is determined by internal (service user) and external (policy, programme and worker) factors.
Parental resistance and social worker skills: towards a theory of motivational social work
Authors: Forrester Donald , Westlake David , Glynn Georgia 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTParental resistance is a ubiquitous feature of child and family social work, yet there has been limited research or theoretical work directed at the issue. This paper identifies social and individual reasons why parents may be resistant. Five principle causes of parental resistance are discussed, namely social structure and disadvantage, the context of child protection work, parental resistance to change, denial or minimization of abuse or neglect and the behaviour of the social worker. It is argued that motivational interviewing (MI) provides particularly useful skills and concepts for firstly reducing the social worker contribution to resistance and secondly minimizing the resistance related to other reasons for resistance. Key adaptations required in the strategic aims of MI if it is to be used in child protection work are identified and discussed, the most important of which is maintaining a focus on the child's welfare and safety. It is concluded that MI offers an opportunity to improve practice by increasing parental engagement and to make a contribution to social work theory by combining an attention to both broader social structure and the micro‐skills required in social work interviews.
Pituitary carcinomas and aggressive pituitary tumours: merits and pitfalls of temozolomide treatment
Authors: Raverot Gérald , Castinetti Frédéric , Jouanneau Emmanuel , Morange Isabelle , Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Dufour Henry , Trouillas Jacqueline , Brue Thierry 
Published: March 2012

SummaryPituitary carcinomas are rare, accounting for about 0·2% of all pituitary tumours. They represent a challenge to clinical practice in both diagnosis and treatment. They may present initially as typical pituitary adenomas, with a delayed appearance of aggressive signs, or as aggressive tumours from the outset. Predicting the pituitary tumour behaviour remains difficult: increased mitotic, Ki‐67 and P53 indices might be associated with tumour aggression. The treatment of pituitary carcinomas and aggressive pituitary tumours includes surgery, adjuvant medical treatment, external beam radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Until recently, the treatment of pituitary carcinomas was mainly palliative and did not seem to increase overall survival. Recent case reports have detailed the successful use of temozolomide, an orally administered alkylating agent used to treat malignant gliomas, in the management of pituitary carcinomas and aggressive pituitary tumours. The outcome of treatment might depend on the expression of
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‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme that potentially interferes with drug efficacy. This review describes the clinical presentation and response to temozolomide in 44 patients with pituitary carcinomas or aggressive pituitary tumours reported in the literature. The results suggest that temozolomide should be considered a drug of major importance in the therapeutic algorithm of aggressive pituitary tumours and pituitary carcinomas. Because of the inconsistency of published data, MGMT expression should probably not be taken as a reason to deny these patients the potential benefit of temozolomide treatment, taking into account the paucity of other available treatments.
Stimulation of NO and N2O emissions from soils by SO2 deposition
Authors: Cai Zucong , Zhang Jinbo , Zhu Tongbin , Cheng Yi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSulfur dioxide (SO2) in the atmosphere has been demonstrated to have many adverse impacts on the environment and human health. In this study, deposition of SO2 ranging from 9.0 to 127.8 mg kg−1 with an average of 35.7 mg S kg−1 was found to substantially stimulate NO and N2O emissions from soils in the humid subtropical areas of Hainan, Fujian, Jiangxi, and Yunnan provinces of China under field conditions. Laboratory tests indicated that the stimulations were mediated biologically as the effects were not observed in sterilized soils. Acidification of soil resulting from SO2 deposition was not responsible for the stimulated NO and N2O emissions alone as the stimulation did not occur by acidifying soil with HNO3 treatment. By using the 15N tracing method, we found that the N2O emissions stimulated by SO2 deposition were from either denitrification, heterotrophic nitrification or both, but not from autotrophic nitrification. Therefore, atmospheric SO2 deposition would most likely stimulate NO and N2O emissions in acidic soils in which heterotrophic nitrification dominates NO and N2O production and waterlogged soils in which denitrification dominates NO and N2O production.
Towards an integrated global framework to assess the impacts of land use and management change on soil carbon: current capability and future vision
Authors: Smith Pete , Davies Christian A. , Ogle Stephen , Zanchi Giuliana , Bellarby Jessica , Bird Neil , Boddey Robert M. , McNamara Niall P. , Powlson David , Cowie Annette , van Noordwijk Meine , Davis Sarah C. , Richter Daniel DE B. , Kryzanowski Len , van Wijk Mark T. , Stuart Judith , Kirton Akira , Eggar Duncan , Newton‐Cross Geraldine , Adhya Tapan K. , Braimoh Ademola K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 methodologies commonly underpin project‐scale carbon accounting for changes in land use and management and are used in frameworks for Life Cycle Assessment and carbon footprinting of food and energy crops. These methodologies were intended for use at large spatial scales. This can introduce error in predictions at finer spatial scales. There is an urgent need for development and implementation of higher tier methodologies that can be applied at fine spatial scales (e.g. farm/project/plantation) for food and bioenergy crop greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting to facilitate decision making in the land‐based sectors. Higher tier methods have been defined by IPCC and must be well evaluated and operate across a range of domains (e.g. climate region, soil type, crop type, topography), and must account for land use transitions and management changes being implemented. Furthermore, the data required to calibrate and drive the models used at higher tiers need to be available and applicable at fine spatial resolution, covering the meteorological, soil, cropping system and management domains, with quantified uncertainties. Testing the reliability of the models will require data either from sites with repeated measurements or from chronosequences. We review current global capability for estimating changes in soil carbon at fine spatial scales and present a vision for a framework capable of quantifying land use change and management impacts on soil carbon, which could be used for addressing issues such as bioenergy and biofuel sustainability, food security, forest protection, and direct/indirect impacts of land use change. The aim of this framework is to provide a globally accepted standard of carbon measurement and modelling appropriate for GHG accounting that could be applied at project to national scales (allowing outputs to be scaled up to a country level), to address the impacts of land use and land management change on soil carbon.
Comparison of the transcriptional profiles of head and body lice
Authors: Olds B. P. , Coates B. S. , Steele L. D. , Sun W. , Agunbiade T. A. , Yoon K. S. , Strycharz J. P. , Lee S. H. , Paige K. N. , Clark J. M. , Pittendrigh B. R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHead and body lice are both blood‐feeding parasites of humans although only the body louse is a potent disease vector. In spite of numerous morphological and life history differences, head and body lice have recently been hypothesized to be ecotypes of the same species. We took a comparative genomics approach to measure nucleotide diversity by comparing expressed sequence tag data sets from head and body lice. A total of 10 771 body louse and 10 770 head louse transcripts were predicted from a combined assembly of Roche 454 and Illumina sequenced cDNAs from whole body tissues collected at all life stages and during pesticide exposure and bacterial infection treatments. Illumina reads mapped to the 10 775 draft body louse gene models from the whole genome assembly predicted nine presence/absence differences, but PCR confirmation resulted in a single gene difference. Read per million base pair estimates indicated that 14 genes showed significant differential expression between head and body lice under our treatment conditions. One novel microRNA was predicted in both lice species and 99% of the 544 transcripts from Candidatus riesia indicate that they share the same endosymbiont. Overall, few differences exist, which supports the hypothesis that these two organisms are ecotypes of the same species.
Detection and quantification of mast cell, vascular endothelial growth factor, and microvessel density in human inflammatory periapical cysts and granulomas
Authors: Fonseca‐Silva T. , Santos C. C. O. , Alves L. R. , Dias L. C. , Brito‐Júnior M. , De Paula A. M. B. , Guimarães A. L. S. 
Published: March 2012

Fonseca‐Silva T, Santos CCO, Alves LR, Dias LC, Brito‐Júnior M, De Paula AMB, Guimarães ALS Detection and quantification of mast cell, vascular endothelial growth factor, and microvessel density in human inflammatory periapical cysts and granulomas. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 859–864, 2012.AbstractAim  To identify and quantify mast cell (MC), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density (MVD) in human periapical cysts and granulomas.Methodology  Archived samples of cysts (n = 40) and granulomas (n = 28) were sectioned and stained with toluidine blue. MCs were identified and counted. Immunohistochemical reactions were employed to evaluate the tissue expression of VEGF and vessels. MVD was estimated by determining the areas of tissue labelled with CD31 antibody. The data were analysed using the Mann–Whitney test (P < 0.05).Results  MCs were observed in the peripheral regions of both lesion types, whilst VEGF and MVD were distributed in the stroma. The presence of MCs was higher in cysts than in granulomas (P < 0.05). VEGF and MVD expression were similar in these lesions.Conclusions  The highest number of MCs was observed in cysts. Moreover, the identification of VEGF and MVD was consistent with the immune mechanisms involved in the lesions.
Quantitative molecular and culture analyses of bacterial elimination in oval‐shaped root canals by a single‐file instrumentation technique
Authors: Alves F. R. F. , Rôças I. N. , Almeida B. M. , Neves M. A. S. , Zoffoli J. , Siqueira J. F. 
Published: March 2012

Alves FRF, Rôças IN, Almeida BM, Neves MAS, Zoffoli J, Siqueira JF Jr. Quantitative molecular and culture analyses of bacterial elimination in oval‐shaped root canals by a single‐file instrumentation technique. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 871–877, 2012.AbstractAim  Bacterial reduction in oval‐shaped root canals by a single‐instrument technique was compared ex vivo with a conventional nickel–titanium rotary technique. Data obtained from two quantification methods, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and culture, were also compared.Methodology  Oval‐shaped canals of extracted teeth contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis were instrumented using either a single Reciproc instrument or the BioRaCe instrument series. Bacteriological samples were taken before (S1) and after instrumentation (S2). Bacterial quantification was performed using qPCR and culture.Results  Intragroup analysis showed that both protocols promoted a highly significant bacterial reduction (P < 0.001). Intergroup analysis (S2 samples) showed no significant differences between the two instrumentation systems (P > 0.05). As for the quantification methods, qPCR revealed significantly higher counts of E. faecalis in S1 than culture (P < 0.05), but no significant differences occurred for S2 (P > 0.05).Conclusion  The single‐file technique was comparable with the conventional technique in oval‐shaped canals provided the width of apical preparation, volume of irrigants and duration of irrigation are kept similar. No significant difference was observed for qPCR and culture in post‐instrumentation samples, indicating that both methods can be reliably used for studies of antibacterial effectiveness.
Mass transfer evaluation of ultrasonic osmotic dehydration of cherry tomatoes in sucrose and salt solutions
Authors: Li Hui , Zhao Cuiping , Guo Yunhan , An Kejing , Ding Shenghua , Wang Zhengfu 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn order to elaborate dehydration and osmotic equilibrium characteristics of cherry tomatoes and to analyse the applicability of Peleg model in prediction of equilibrium moisture content and the methodology of Crank’s solution to Fick’s diffusion law in calculation of effective diffusivity, cherry tomatoes were osmotically treated in ternary solution (water, sucrose and NaCl) with or without ultrasound at 30 °C. Results indicated that, a time cumulative effect of ultrasound occurred about 30 min for water loss (WL), while for sugar gain it happened after 45 min, which made the dehydration efficiency index best at the ultrasonic power of 150 W for 40 min. As a function of salt content, the equilibrium WL followed well the first order exponential decay model, and the equilibrium salt content followed well the second order polynomial. A great relative error (29.13%) between the practical determination and the predicted value indicated that Peleg model was not suitable for prediction of equilibrium moisture content. A great truncation error (865%) occurred when moisture effective diffusivity (6.66 × 10−9 m2 s−1) was calculated with Crank’s solution to Fick’s diffusion law by letting n = 1 as compared to that (0.77 × 10−9 m2 s−1) by letting n = 100.
Prebiotic effects of fermentable carbohydrate polymers may be modulated by faecal bulking of non‐fermentable polysaccharides in the large bowel of rats
Authors: Monro John A. , Paturi Gunaranjan , Butts Christine A. , Young Wayne , De Guzman Cloe Erika , McLachlan Andrew , Roy Nicole C. , Ansell Juliet 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThis study investigated the impact of supplementary fermentable polysaccharides inulin (a prebiotic) and barley β‐glucan on the large bowel, when consumed against a background high or low intake of mixed non‐starch polysaccharide. Rats were fed for 28 days with diets containing high (15%) and low (5%) background dietary fibre (BDF; cellulose plus sugar beet fibre), with or without 5% supplementary fermentable fibre (SFF; inulin or barley β‐glucan). High‐BDF diets unsupplemented with inulin or barley β‐glucan caused greater improvement than supplemented low‐BDF diets in several parameters linked to gut health: they increased colonic Bifidobacterium spp., butyric acid concentration in the caecum, and colonic crypt depth more than inulin and barley β‐glucan. For these parameters, inulin and barley β‐glucan added little to the effects of the high‐BDF diet alone. Furthermore, by allowing for dilution due to the greater faecal bulk induced by the mixed fibre compared with inulin or barley β‐glucan, the total quantity of butyric acid in the colon of BDF‐fed rats was greatly amplified. Interpretation of the effects of prebiotics in diets containing dietary fibre requires concurrent analysis of the multiple effects of non‐fermentable bulk.
Variant Carvajal syndrome with additional dental anomalies
Authors: BARBER SOPHY , DAY PETER , JUDGE MARY , TOOLE EDELL O’ , FAYLE STEPHEN 
Published: March 2012

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; 22: 390–396
Background  This paper aims to review the case of a girl who presented with a number of dental anomalies, in addition to unusual skin, nail and hair conditions. Tragically an undiagnosed cardiomyopathy caused unexpected sudden death. The case is discussed with reference to a number of dermatological and oral conditions which were considered as possible diagnoses.Case Report  AW had been under long term dental care for prepubertal periodontitis, premature root resorption of primary teeth, soft tissue and dental anomalies, and angular cheilitis. Separately she had also been seen by several dermatologists with respect to palmar plantar keratosis, striae keratoderma, wiry hair and abnormal finger nails. Tragically the patient suffered a sudden unexpected death and the subsequent post mortem identified an undiagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy.Conclusion  The most likely diagnosis is that this case is a variant of Carvajal Syndrome with additional dental anomalies. To date we have been unable to identify mutations in the desoplakin gene. We aim to emphasise the importance of recognising these dental and dermatological signs when they present together as a potential risk factor for cardiac abnormalities.
Moving in three dimensions: effects of structural complexity on occurrence and activity of insectivorous bats in managed forest stands
Authors: Jung Kirsten , Kaiser Sonja , Böhm Stefan , Nieschulze Jens , Kalko Elisabeth K. V. 
Published: March 2012

Summary1. Forest management determines to a large degree the three‐dimensional arrangement of the vegetation in production forest systems and hence has an essential influence on habitat quality for wildlife. We investigated the effects of forest structure on occurrence, activity and species composition of European bats, an ecologically important group of vertebrates known to be affected by the physical clutter of vegetation.2. Species composition and activity of bats were assessed with acoustic monitoring on 50 one‐hectare experimental plots in a biosphere reserve in Germany. Three‐dimensional forest structure was assessed by Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and a set of 20 mathematically derived and fine‐grained structural parameters with a minimum of collinearity was used for a quantitative description of the vegetation structure.3. Occurrence and activity of bats were positively associated with the structural parameters canopy height, standard deviation of the canopy surface roughness and edge fraction, indicating older forest stands with patches of different vegetation heights. In addition, species composition in differently managed forest stands was significantly influenced by the relative proportion of structural parameters. Species of one functional group, sharing similar adaptations in wing morphology and foraging strategy, showed similar associations with three‐dimensional structural parameters. In addition, we found species‐specific structural parameter associations explaining the occurrence and activity levels of individual species in differently managed production forest types.4. Synthesis and applications. High‐resolution LiDAR data are an important tool to assess structural habitat suitability for bat species. Our data revealed that bat occurrence and activity increases with structural heterogeneity in managed forest stands. Given, that bats provide an essential ecosystem service through top‐down control of herbivorous insects, increasing stand structural heterogeneity through management practices (e.g. selective harvesting) is a very effective strategy to assure vital ecosystem functioning in production forest systems.
Nonadditive indirect effects of group genetic diversity on larval viability in Drosophila melanogaster imply key role of maternal decision‐making
Authors: SALTZ JULIA B. , ALICUBEN EVAN T. , GRUBMAN JESSICA , HARKENRIDER MATTHEW , MEGOWAN NICHELLE , NUZHDIN SERGEY V. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGenetic variation can have important consequences for populations: high population genetic diversity is typically associated with ecological success. Some mechanisms that account for these benefits assume that local social groups with high genetic diversity are more successful than low‐diversity groups. At the same time, active decision‐making by individuals can influence group genetic diversity. Here, we examine how maternal decisions that determine group genetic diversity influence the viability of Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Our groups contained wild‐type larvae, whose genetic diversity we manipulated, and genetically marked ‘tester’ larvae, whose genotype and frequency were identical in all trials. We measured wild‐type and tester viability for each group. Surprisingly, the viability of wild‐type larvae was neither augmented nor reduced when group genetic diversity was altered. However, the viability of the tester genotype was substantially depressed in large, high‐diversity groups. Further, not all high‐diversity groups produced this effect: certain combinations of wild‐type genotypes were deleterious to tester viability, while other groups of the same diversity—but containing different wild‐type genotypes—were not deleterious. These deleterious combinations of wild‐type genotypes could not be predicted by observing the performance of the same tester and wild‐type genotypes in low‐diversity groups. Taken together, these results suggest that nonadditive interactions among genotypes, rather than genetic diversity per se, account for between‐group differences in viability in D. melanogaster and that predicting the consequences of genetic diversity at the population level may not be straightforward.