bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverse phase protein array profiling reveals distinct proteomic signatures associated with chronic myeloid leukemia progression and with chronic phase in the CD34‐positive compartment
Authors: Quintás‐Cardama Alfonso , Qiu Yi Hua , Post Sean M. , Zhang Yiqun , Creighton Chad J. , Cortes Jorge , Kornblau Steven M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal stem cell malignancy whose pathogenesis is driven by constitutive activation of the breakpoint cluster region–v‐abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (BCR‐ABL1) kinase. Although BCR‐ABL1 activation is present in all patients with CML, patients can present in 3 different phases characterized by an increasingly worse prognosis and diminished responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: chronic phase, accelerated phase, or blastic phase. The biologic basis for progression from chronic phase to blastic phase and for regulating the homeostasis of tyrosine kinase inhibitor‐resistant CML stem cells is not entirely understood.METHODS:To shed some light into these aspects of CML biology, the authors used reverse phase protein arrays probed with 112 individual monoclonal antibodies to compare protein expression patterns in 40 samples of leukemia‐enriched fractions from patients with CML (25 in chronic phase, 5 in accelerated phase, and 10 in phase).RESULTS:An analysis of variance (significance cutoff, P < .01) unveiled a set of proteins that were overexpressed in blastic phase, including heat‐shock protein 90 (hsp90); retinoblastoma (Rb); apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF); serine/threonine‐protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); B‐cell leukemia 2 (Bcl‐2); X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (Xiap); human homolog of Drosophila Mad (mothers against decapentaplegic) and related Caenorhabditis elegans gene Sma, family member 1 (Smad1); single‐stranded DNA binding protein 2 alpha (SSBP2α); poly(adenosine diphosphate‐ribose) polymerase (PARP); GRB2‐associated binding protein 2 (Gab2); and tripartite motif containing 24 (Trim24). It is noteworthy that several of these proteins also were overexpressed in the CD34‐positive compartment, which putatively contains the CML stem cell population.CONCLUSIONS:The results from this study indicated that reverse phase protein array analysis can unveil differentially expressed proteins in advanced phase CML that can be exploited therapeutically with targeted approaches. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Thyroid cancer incidence by histological type and related variants in a mildly iodine‐deficient area of Northern Italy, 1998 to 2009
Authors: Ceresini Graziano , Corcione Luigi , Michiara Maria , Sgargi Paolo , Teresi Giulio , Gilli Annalisa , Usberti Elisa , Silini Enrico , Ceda Gian Paolo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing in several countries. However, the issue of whether this applies to all different histological types and related variants is poorly addressed.METHODS:All incident thyroid cancers diagnosed between 1998 and 2009 in a mildly iodine‐deficient area in northern Italy were derived from a population‐based tumor registry. Stage of disease, size of the tumor, focality, and histological variants were recorded from a review of pathology reports and slides. The mean annual increase (MAI) of the standardized incidence rate was calculated over the entire 12‐year period of observation and a standardized rate ratio was evaluated to compare the mean standardized incidence between 2 periods of 6 years each (1998‐2003 vs 2004‐2009).RESULTS:In total, 980 cases were considered. An increase in the incidence trend for all thyroid tumors was demonstrated; the increase was found to be continuous from 1998 to 2002 but not afterward. The cancer incidence increased in both male and female subjects. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the follicular variant of PTC, the tall cell variant of PTC (TCV‐PTC), and Hurthle cell carcinoma (HC) showed the most relevant changes in incidence whereas follicular carcinoma was not found to be significantly affected. TCV‐PTC was the only histological type to demonstrated a significant (P < .01) proportional increase in the second 6‐year period of observation. Only TCV‐PTC and HC were found to display a significant MAI after 2002.CONCLUSIONS:The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased within the last decade, an increase that is accounted for mostly by differentiated tumors. The most significant increases were documented for aggressive variants of basic histotypes. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate matter of an urban area with iron and steel mills
Authors: Menezes Helvécio C. , Cardeal Zenilda L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed from ambient air particulate matter &lt;10 µm (PM10) and the total suspended particulate (TSP) phase continuously for a period of six months (May–October 2010) at five sampling sites located in the urban area of Divinópolis (Minas Gerais), southeastern Brazil, near iron and steel mills. The carcinogenic potency of priority PAHs relative to benzo[a]pyrene was estimated for a period of six months. Benzo[a]pyrene equivalents were 7.52 ng/m3 for the study period. The estimated risk of lifetime lung cancer was 6.5 × 10−4. A model based on the diagnostic ratio and principal component analysis was applied for source apportionment. Considering the entire study period, the burning of biomass and fuel oil accounted for about 70% of the PAH profile. An inventory was performed during the monitoring period, with 37 companies representing major industries located in the urban area. The observations were consistent with the distribution of sources and indicated that the iron and steel sector was the largest contributor. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1470–1477. © 2012 SETAC
Current emergency restoration practices show need for more automated systems
Authors: Singer Jason 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAccording to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service data, in an average year, the United States is hit by 5–10 Nor'easters, 20–30 killer tornadoes, and 13–17 named storms, half of which potentially will become major hurricanes attaining strength status of Category 3 or higher. Clearly, these weather events threaten significant disruptions to electric utilities' provision of uninterrupted electric service and high power quality, critical requirements mandated by the electric customer.
Differential TERT promoter methylation and response to 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines: TERT expression, telomerase activity, telomere length, and cell death
Authors: Pettigrew Kerry A. , Armstrong Richard N. , Colyer Hilary A. A. , Zhang Shu‐Dong , Rea Irene Maeve , Jones Rhiannon E. , Baird Duncan M. , Mills Ken I. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe catalytic subunit of human telomerase (TERT) is highly expressed in cancer cells, and correlates with complex cytogenetics and disease severity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The TERT promoter is situated within a large CpG island, suggesting that expression is methylation‐sensitive. Studies suggest a correlation between hypermethylation and TERT overexpression. We investigated the relationship between TERT promoter methylation and expression and telomerase activity in human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. DAC‐induced demethylation and cell death were observed in all three cell lines, as well as telomere shortening in HL‐60 cells. DAC treatment reduced TERT expression and telomerase activity in OCI/AML3 and HL‐60 cells, but not in U937 cells. Control U937 cells expressed lower levels of TERT mRNA, carried a highly methylated TERT core promoter, and proved more resistant to DAC‐induced repression of TERT expression and cell death. AML patients had significantly lower methylation levels at several CpGs than “well elderly” individuals. This study, the first to investigate the relationship between TERT methylation and telomerase activity in leukemia cells, demonstrated a differential methylation pattern and response to DAC in three AML cell lines. We suggest that, although DAC treatment reduces TERT expression and telomerase activity, this is unlikely to occur via direct demethylation of the TERT promoter. However, further investigations on the regions spanning CpGs 7–12 and 14–16 may reveal valuable information regarding transcriptional regulation of TERT. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Constraining saturated hydraulic transmissivity values by means of maximum saturated area mapping and maximum subsurface discharge: long‐term simulation in the Amazon basin
Authors: da Silva Roberto Valmir , Yamashiki Yosuke , Takara Kaoru 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAlthough saturated hydraulic conductivity (K0) and saturated hydraulic transmissivity (T0) are physically based parameters, quite often, their calibrated values lie out of the physically based range, driving modellers to increased K0 values in some orders of magnitude, from field measured values, in order to fit observed discharge data. Therefore, calibration is a necessary process in hydrological modelling. Within a hydrological model, K0 or T0 plays an important role. They allow the model to represent the hydrograph separation through estimates of subsurface discharges. Simulating different flow components in hydrological modelling is an increasing need for basin management and water quality predictions. The present study has the objective to develop two criteria to constrain T0 values using a TOPMODEL multi‐velocity approach in order to represent the hydrograph separation in a more realistic way. The method was (i) applied to three sub‐basins in the Amazon basin (the Óbidos, the Humaita and Santo Antônio basins), (ii) evaluated by means of a combined objective function and uncertainty bounds and (iii) validated in a long‐term simulation. Because the constraint criteria were applied, it has verified a significant reduction in subsurface uncertainty for all the basins. The constraint criteria reduced the number of simulations to 11%, 42% and 23% for the Óbidos basin, the Humaita basin and the Santo Antônio basin, respectively. This means that a large number of simulations were rejected in the sense they represented unrealistic hydrograph separation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐frequency observations of melt effects on snowpack stratigraphy, Kahiltna Glacier, Central Alaska Range
Authors: Winski Dominic , Kreutz Karl , Osterberg Erich , Campbell Seth , Wake Cameron 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWith an increased volume of melt on many of the world's glaciers, study of how meltwater affects the properties of glacial snowpack becomes essential to our understanding of how glaciers will respond to climate change. We address this problem by studying how snow properties changed on sub‐daily timescales on the Kahiltna Glacier, Alaska, between May 26 and June 10, 2010. During this period, we dug 1.8‐m‐deep snow pits twice daily to record the stratigraphy of melt layers, snow hardness, grain size, and density and sampled for hydrogen isotopic composition (δD) on four occasions. From these data, we show that 65% of the melted surface snow infiltrates and refreezes in the snowpack. This leads to a densification of the snow, a 729% increase in volume of melt layers, and a homogenization of isotopic and physical snow properties. From visual and stratigraphic observations, we show that meltwater flow within the snowpack is conducted primarily along lenses and pipes, where melt layers later form, but that more homogeneous capillary‐based flow is also important. Finally, we show using isotope ratios that post‐depositional alteration is exacerbated with increased melt extent, using the δD profile below a volcanic ash layer as a case study. In the future, similar studies would benefit from this high‐frequency monitoring approach to assessing snowpack evolution, as it allows for a greater understanding of short duration processes. New directions for study would include longer‐term monitoring efforts over a wider spatial snow pit network. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐organosiloxane hybrid with carboxylate groups
Authors: Song Sang‐Hoon , Lee Seung Jin , Rhee Sang‐Hoon 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBiodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐organosiloxane hybrid with carboxylate groups was newly synthesized by a sol–gel method with the capacity to conjugate cell adhesion ligands for the potential applications as a bone tissue engineering scaffold material. An intermediate hybrid contained positively charged amine groups was synthesized by end‐capping α,ω‐hydroxyl poly(ε‐caprolactone) with (3‐isocyanatopropyl)triethoxysilane and a subsequent sol–gel reaction with (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. This resulted in a new hybrid composed of biodegradable organic poly(ε‐caprolactone) segments connected by inorganic siloxane linkages containing positively charged amine groups. The successive succinlylation of amine groups created amide bonds and converted the cationic sites of succinic anhydride into negatively charged carboxylate groups. New formations of amine and carboxylate groups could be directly and indirectly confirmed using Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry, zeta potentials, and atomic force microscopy. Biodegradability of hybrid with carboxylate groups was also examined by weight loss in phosphate buffered saline, and it was about 14 wt % after 8 weeks. Conjugating capacity of a cell adhesion ligand was examined by comparing the relative fluorescent intensities of covalently and noncovalently immobilized synthetic GGGGRGDASSK‐FITC oligopeptides onto the carboxylated groups of the hybrid using confocal laser scanning microscopy; the relative fluorescent intensity of covalently conjugated RGD peptide was about three times higher than that of noncovalently coated RGD peptide. The hybrid covalently conjugated by GGGGRGDASSK oligopeptides improved proliferation and differentiation activities of preosteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells. The results suggest that this hybrid possesses an encouraging potential to be used as a bone tissue engineering scaffold material due to its biodegradability and high capacity for conjugating cell adhesion ligands. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2012.
Evaluation of epoxy resin sealer after three root canal filling techniques by confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Kok Daniela , Duarte Marco Antônio Húngaro , Da Rosa Ricardo Abreu , Wagner Márcia Helena , Pereira Jefferson Ricardo , Só Marcus Vinícius Reis 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the penetration of endodontic sealer into the dentin tubules, the integrity of the sealer layer perimeter, and the sealer area at the apical third after different filling techniques by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Forty‐five mandibular premolars were mechanically prepared with ProTaper files, until F5 file. Thereafter, they were filled with an epoxy‐resin sealer (AH Plus) mixed with Rhodamine B dye (0.1% proportion) and allocated in three groups: Group 1, single master cone; Group 2, cold lateral compaction; and Group 3, Thermafil. For confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis, the specimens were transversely sectioned at 4 mm from the apex. The images at ×10 and ×40 were analyzed by Imagetool 3.0 software. Significant differences were not found among the three experimental groups according the dentin‐impregnate area by the sealer (P = 0.68) and between the sealer and root canal perimeter (P = 0.18). However, root canal filling techniques were significantly different when apical sealer areas were compared (P = 0.001). Thermafil group showed smaller sealer areas (8.09%) while cold lateral compaction and gutta‐percha master cone showed similar areas (17.37 and 21.18%, respectively). The dentin‐impregnated area was not dependent on the root canal filling technique. Single master cone, cold lateral condensation and Thermafil techniques presented integrity of the sealer perimeter close to 100% and Thermafil resulted in a significantly thinner sealer layer. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1277–1280, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Free‐breathing 3D whole‐heart black‐blood imaging with motion sensitized driven equilibrium
Authors: Srinivasan Subashini , Hu Peng , Kissinger Kraig V. , Goddu Beth , Goepfert Lois , Schmidt Ehud J. , Kozerke Sebastian , Nezafat Reza 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose:To assess the efficacy and robustness of motion sensitized driven equilibrium (MSDE) for blood suppression in volumetric 3D whole‐heart cardiac MR.Materials and Methods:To investigate the efficacy of MSDE on blood suppression and myocardial signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) loss on different imaging sequences, seven healthy adult subjects were imaged using 3D electrocardiogram (ECG)‐triggered MSDE‐prep T1‐weighted turbo spin echo (TSE), and spoiled gradient echo (GRE), after optimization of MSDE parameters in a pilot study of five subjects. Imaging artifacts, myocardial and blood SNR were assessed. Subsequently, the feasibility of isotropic spatial resolution MSDE‐prep black‐blood was assessed in six subjects. Finally, 15 patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease were recruited to be imaged using a conventional multislice 2D double inversion recovery (DIR) TSE imaging sequence and a 3D MSDE‐prep spoiled GRE.Results:The MSDE‐prep yielded significant blood suppression (75%–92%), enabling a volumetric 3D black‐blood assessment of the whole heart with significantly improved visualization of the chamber walls. The MSDE‐prep also allowed successful acquisition of black‐blood images with isotropic spatial resolution. In the patient study, 3D black‐blood MSDE‐prep and DIR resulted in similar blood suppression in left ventricle and right ventricle walls but the MSDE‐prep had superior myocardial signal and wall sharpness.Conclusion:MSDE‐prep allows volumetric black‐blood imaging of the heart. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:379–386. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Temporal profile of molecular signatures associated with circulating endothelial progenitor cells in human ischemic stroke
Authors: Sobrino Tomás , Pérez‐Mato María , Brea David , Rodríguez‐Yáñez Manuel , Blanco Miguel , Castillo José 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEndothelial progenitor cells (EPC) have been associated with good functional outcome in ischemic stroke. From preclinical studies, it has been reported that EPC proliferation is mediated by several molecular markers, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α), and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9). Therefore, our aim was to study the role of these molecular factors in EPC proliferation in human ischemic stroke. Forty‐eight patients with first episode of nonlacunar ischemic stroke were prospectively included in the study within 12 hr of symptom onset. EPC colonies were classified as early‐outgrowth colony forming unit‐endothelial cell (CFU‐EC) and quantified at admission, at 24 and 72 hr, at day 7, and at 3 months. At the same time, serum levels of VEGF, SDF‐1α, and active MMP‐9 were measured by ELISA. The primary endpoint was EPC increment during the first week, which was defined as the difference in the number of CFU‐EC between day 7 and admission. We found that VEGF (r = 0.782), SDF‐1α (r = 0.828), and active MMP‐9 (r = 0.740) levels at 24 hr from stroke onset showed a strong correlation with EPC increment. Similar results were found for VEGF levels at 72 hr (r = 0.839) and at day 7 (r = 0.602) as well as for active MMP‐9 levels at 72 hr (r = 0.442) and at day 7 (r = 0.474). In the multivariate analyses, serum levels of VEGF at 72 hr (B: 0.074, P < 0.0001) and SDF‐1α at 24 hr (B: 0.049, P = 0.008) were independent factors for EPC increment during the first week of evolution. These findings suggest that VEGF and SDF‐1α may mediate EPC proliferation in human ischemic stroke. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Use of Cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene Analogues for the Development of Low‐Bandgap Materials
Authors: Willot Pieter , De Cremer Lieven , Koeckelberghs Guy 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper presents the synthesis and characterization of low‐bandgap materials based on cyclopenta[1,2‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene (CPDT). An array of electron‐poor monomers is synthesized and used to prepare homo‐ and alternating donor–acceptor copolymers. This yields polymers with low bandgaps (Eg = 1.12–1.23 eV) and broad light absorption (400–1100 nm). The influence of the electron‐withdrawing substituent and the donor material on the polymer properties is studied. It is demonstrated that the low bandgap is not a result of intramolecular charge transfer, but of a transition localized in the electron‐poor CPDT monomer. The bandgap can be correlated with the substituent on the CPDT monomer and is relatively independent of other parameters, resulting in materials with an easily tunable bandgap.
Stimulation site within the MRI‐defined STN predicts postoperative motor outcome
Authors: Wodarg Fritz , Herzog Jan , Reese René , Falk Daniela , Pinsker Markus O. , Steigerwald Frank , Jansen Olav , Deuschl Günther , Mehdorn H. Maximillian , Volkmann Jens 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHigh‐frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN‐HFS) is highly effective in treating motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and medication side effects as well as in improving quality of life. Despite preoperative screening for patients as eligible candidates for this treatment, electrode position may furthermore influence treatment quality. Here, we investigated the relationship between the anatomical site of stimulation within the MRI‐defined STN and the outcome of PD patients after STN‐HFS. In 30 PD patients with bilateral STN stimulation, we retrospectively defined the boundaries of the STN within the axial target plane of the stereotactic T2‐weighted MRI and determined the position of the active electrode contact in relation to the border of the STN. The position of the active contact within the STN was the only variable to predict the outcome of STN stimulation. In contrast, covariates such as age, disease duration, symptom severity, and response to levodopa had no effect. The lateral position of the stimulation contact within the STN led to significantly better clinical improvement, lower stimulation parameters, and less need for postoperative dopaminergic medication. The outcome of patients with stimulation contacts within the medial region of the STN was significantly worse. Precise targeting of the lateral region of the STN is essential for achieving sufficient stimulation efficacy. Preoperative T2‐weighted MRI might be a useful component of the targeting procedure to improve the outcome of PD patients. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Tic‐induced gait dysfunction
Authors: Fasano Alfonso , Růžička Evžen , Bloem Bastiaan R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:Many neurological disorders impair gait, but only a few of them are episodic or paroxysmal, the most important ones being freezing of gait and paroxysmal dyskinesias.Methods:We describe 4 patients with tic disorders (3 with Tourette syndrome, and 1 with a tic disorder secondary to vascular disease) in whom intrusion of complex motor tics interfered with normal progression of stepping, thus producing an episodic gait disorder.Results:The involuntary movements that interfered with gait had features typical for tics, including their brief, sudden, irresistible, inapposite, and nonrhythmic recurrence. The motor behavior resembled tripping (n = 2), “blocking” of gait, or hip movements minimally interfering with gait.Conclusions:Tic‐induced gait disturbance is an episodic gait disorder occurring in patients with tics and should be recognized as a possible cause of episodic gait disturbances. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society