bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red clump giant stars as tracers of Galactic structure
Authors: López-Corredoira M. , Cabrera-Lavers A. , Hammersley P. L. , Garzón F. , Mahoney T. J. , González-Fernández C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBy isolating the red clump giant population in the color-magnitude diagrams and inverting their star counts, we can obtain directly the density distribution of the old stellar population along the line of sight. We have applied this method to several near infrared surveys and obtained information on the disc, bulge and long bar. The disc is well fitted by an exponential distribution in both the galactocentric distance and height, flared and warped in the outer parts, and with a deficit of stars in the inner in-plane regions. The long bar occupies these in-plane regions within R < 3.9 kpc, with approximate dimensions of 7.8 kpc × 1.2 kpc × 0.2 kpc and a position angle of 40-45 deg. The bulge is a triaxial structure, possibly boxy, thicker and shorter than the long bar and with position angle of 10-30 deg.
New Galactic Wolf-Rayet Stars Discovered via 2MASS + Spitzer
Authors: Mauerhan Jon C. , Van Dyk Schuyler D. , Morris Pat W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe have undertaken a campaign to expand the census of WRs throughout the Galaxy using the 2MASS and Spitzer/GLIMPSE surveys. Free-free emission generated within the ion-dense winds of WRs generates a significant infrared excess which forms the basis of an excellent criterion for photometrically selecting WRs from the stellar field.
The Pan-STARRS 3π Survey and the Brown Dwarf Factory
Authors: Magnier E. A. , Liu M. , Goldman B. , Monet D. G. , Chambers K. C. , Kaiser N. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe Pan-STARRS 1 Telescope (PS1) is currently (2009 Aug) undergoing final commissioning efforts and starting to perform initial science observations for the PS1 survey mission. PS1 will greatly expand the known population of Brown Dwarfs, with discovery via photometry, proper-motion, and parallax.
Prediction Uncertainty in the Bornhuetter-Ferguson Claims Reserving Method: Revisited
Authors: Alai D. H. , Merz M. , Wüthrich M. V. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe revisit the stochastic model of Alai et al. (2009) for the Bornhuetter-Ferguson claims reserving method, Bornhuetter & Ferguson (1972). We derive an estimator of its conditional mean square error of prediction (MSEP) using an approach that is based on generalized linear models and maximum likelihood estimators for the model parameters. This approach leads to simple formulas, which can easily be implemented in a spreadsheet.
Effects of source size and wavefront propagation on the energy resolution of a bent-crystal polychromator
Authors: Sutter J. P. , Amboage M. , Hayama S. , Díaz-Moreno S. 
Published: October 2010

Polychromators, or elliptically bent diffracting crystals that focus a broad-bandwidth X-ray beam onto a sample, have become a common device at synchrotron beamlines specializing in X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) because they allow a full absorption spectrum to be collected in one shot. Such a device is being planned for the XAS beamline I20 of the Diamond Light Source. A bent silicon crystal diffracting 7 keV X-rays with the (1 1 1) reflection is taken as a model for the simulations of this report. Instrumental resolution is determined by the demagnification of the source, the spread of the diffracted beam during propagation and the pixel size of the position-sensitive detector placed behind the sample. The first is calculated by geometrical optics. The second is calculated by a full wave-optical treatment, which includes Takagi–Taupin integration to find the diffracted amplitude at the crystal's surface and Huygens–Fresnel propagation of the diffracted wave to the sample or detector. This sets the polychromator's intrinsic energy resolution. The pixel size of the detector is then added to find the total instrumental resolution at various sample–detector distances.
BIPES, a cost-effective high-throughput method for assessing microbial diversity
Authors: Zhou Hong-Wei , Li Dong-Fang , Tam Nora Fung-Yee , Jiang Xiao-Tao , Zhang Hai , Sheng Hua-Fang , Qin Jin , Liu Xiao , Zou Fei 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA (16S) variable tags has become the most popular method for assessing microbial diversity, but the method remains costly for the evaluation of large numbers of environmental samples with high sequencing depths. We developed a barcoded Illumina paired-end (PE) sequencing (BIPES) method that sequences each 16S V6 tag from both ends on the Illumina HiSeq 2000, and the PE reads are then overlapped to obtain the V6 tag. The average accuracy of Illumina single-end (SE) reads was only 97.9%, which decreased from ∼99.9% at the start of the read to less than 85% at the end of the read; nevertheless, overlapping of the PE reads significantly increased the sequencing accuracy to 99.65% by verifying the 3′ end of each SE in which the sequencing quality was degraded. After the removal of tags with two or more mismatches within the medial 40–70 bases of the reads and of tags with any primer errors, the overall base sequencing accuracy of the BIPES reads was further increased to 99.93%. The BIPES reads reflected the amounts of the various tags in the initial template, but long tags and high GC tags were underestimated. The BIPES method yields 20–50 times more 16S V6 tags than does pyrosequencing in a single-flow cell run, and each of the BIPES reads costs less than 1/40 of a pyrosequencing read. As a laborsaving and cost-effective method, BIPES can be routinely used to analyze the microbial ecology of both environmental and human microbiomes.
Incorporating Community Annotation Interfaces into the CIPRO2.5 Database with Comprehensible Sketches to Support Quick Annotations of Proteome Data.
Authors: Ueno Keisuke , Yonezawa Kouki , Mineta Katsuhiko , Endo Toshinori 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUser annotation or comment interfaces are now widely used in several web sites such as journals, news, weblogs and Wikipedia. However, there are only a few biological databases with annotation interfaces. The _Ciona_ intestinalis protein database (CIPRO) was created in order to provide integrated proteome data especially for experimental biologists. The current database contains 89,673 unique sequences covering all the known and predicted gene models. Typical tasks include which gene models are reliable and which function is plausible. The human-curated annotation is most important for the meaningful database.Here we incorporate three new functions into the CIPRO2.5 database (http://cipro.ibio.jp/2.5/), providing enriched resources for the users. First, a community annotation interface as web forms and a user comment editor with rating its comment were added. Second, the web pages were specifically designed to compact for quickly understood overviews. For example, cytolocalization was automatically provided by a color-depicted cell image based on the intensity instead of the numeric values of raw data. The expression data of EST, microarray and 2D-PAGE were integrated as one chart. In addition to these data, the images of transmembrane prediction, domain and motif search, and the OMIM ortholog on the chromosome map were included in each protein page. The last, even the BLAST and PMF search were added to combined fields in the retrieval system.As a result, a total of 11,134 pages were annotated by our community. Furthermore, 2,186 comments were added to the database. Those annotated data are freely accessible at the CIPRO2.5 web site.
Rice Genes in Oryzabase
Authors: Yamazaki Yukiko , Tsuchiya Rie , Takahashi Yuka , Asanuma Takao , Shidahara Yo , Sakaniwa Shingo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn addition to maintaining a rice gene list, Oryzabase, a database of rice science, has also been hosting a website to submit newly identified genes. The current rice gene dictionary is based on a traditional rice trait gene dictionary and extended through time with new genes which are manually retrieved from journal articles. Currently over 4000 genes are listed. However it is still insufficient in both quantity and quality.Recently we started to apply automated extraction before manual annotation to enhance the efficiency of gene extraction. To improve the quality of information, we started collecting relevant DNA accessions and LOCUS-ID. In Oryzabase, we try to employ the help of users to overcome this information insufficiency by adding a comment box in each gene page to allow researchers to write additional information. Besides adding GO (gene ontology) and TO (trait ontology) to the genes, PO (plant ontology) has been newly assigned to enable better semantic query processing. The current status of gene extraction and ontology assignment and its related problems will be introduced.Oryzabase is available at "http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/":http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/.
Metacuration Standards and Minimum Information about a Bioinformatics Investigation
Authors: Tan Tin Wee , Khan Asif , Lim Shen Jean , Hu Yong Li , de Silva Mark , Lim Kuan Siong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMany bioinformatics databases published in journals are here this year and gone the next. There is generally (i) no requirement, mandatory or otherwise, by reviewers, editors or publishers for full disclosure of how databases are built and how they are maintained; (ii) no standardized requirement for data in public access databases to be kept as backup for release and access when a project ends, when funds expire and website terminates; (iii) the case of proprietary resources, there is no requirement for data to be kept in escrow for release under stated conditions such as when a published database disappears due to company closure. Consequently, much of the biological databases published in the past twenty years are easily lost, even though the publications describing or referencing these databases and webservices remain. Given the volume of publications today, even though it is practically possible for reviewers to re-create databases as described in a manuscript, there is usually insufficient disclosure and raw data for this to be done, even if there is sufficient time and resources available to perform this. Consequently, verification and validation is assumed, and claims of the paper accepted as true and correct at face value. A solution to this growing problem is to experiment with some kind of minimum standards of reporting such as the Minimum Information About a Bioinformatics Investigation (MIABi) and standardized requirements of data deposition and escrow for enabling persistence and reproducibility. With easy availability of cloud computing, such a level of reproducibility can become a reality in the near term. Through standards in meta-curation and minimum standards of reporting that uphold the tenets of scientific reproducibility, verifiability, sustainability and continuity of data resources, the knowledge preserved will underpin tomorrow's scientific research. Other issues include disambiguation of authors or database names, and unique identifiers to support non-repudiability, possibly in multiple languages. The International Conference on Bioinformatics and its publications are now in the process of making attempts at addressing these issues and this presentation will highlight some of the current efforts.
Analgesia for pelvic and perineal cancer pain by intrathecal steroid injection
Authors: Taguchi H. , Shingu K. , Okuda H. , Matsumoto H. 
Published: October 2010

Background:  Corticosteroids are used systemically in patients with advanced cancer to alleviate pain. Intrathecal administration of steroids is rarely performed but analgesic effects of intrathecal steroids have been reported in animal studies. We administered betamethasone intrathecally in three cancer patients with uncontrollable pain.Case report:  Intrathecal injection of betamethasone (1–4 mg) with saline (total volume = 2 mL) was performed in three patients with advanced pelvic or perineal cancer, in whom pain could not be controlled in spite of various analgesic therapies. After obtaining the patient's informed consent for the procedure, betamethasone was administered intrathecally through the L4/5 intervertebral space. Intrathecal betamethasone produced rapid analgesia within 10 min and subsequent long‐lasting analgesia for 5 days or more. Sleep, appetite and activity improved. No adverse effects were observed in any of the patients.Conclusions:  Intrathecal injection of betamethasone may be a useful approach in some patients with intractable cancer pain.
Effect of amino acid solutions on intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative shivering
Authors: Şahin A , Aypar Ü 
Published: October 2010

Background: Intraoperative hypothermia is a major adverse effect of general anesthesia. The different anesthetics may influence thermoregulation differently. Proteins or amino acids have been postulated to stimulate heat production. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of intraoperative administration of amino acid solutions on intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative shivering in two different anesthetic regimens.Methods: Forty ASA I–III craniotomy patients were assigned to four groups of 10 patients in a randomized prospective study, as follows: ISO − isoflurane‐based anesthesia; PRO − propofol‐based anesthesia; ISO + AA − Isoflurane‐based anesthesia with supplementation of amino acid infusion; PRO + AA − Isoflurane‐based anesthesia with supplementation of amino acid infusion. Hemodynamic parameters, esophageal temperature and postoperative shivering scores were recorded.Results: Core temperatures were higher during emergence in amino acid‐treated propofol group, compared with the other groups. The core temperature decreased significantly in three groups throughout the operation, except the in amino acid‐treated propofol group. The shivering intensity was less in the amino acid‐treated groups.Conclusion: The anesthetic method may influence the thermic effect of amino acids under general anesthesia. Propofol anesthesia has more thermogenic effect than isoflurane when combined with amino acid solutions.
Incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting are similar after metoclopramide 20 mg and ondansetron 8 mg given by the end of laparoscopic cholecystectomies
Authors: Quaynor H. , Ræder J. C. 
Published: October 2010

Background: Ondansetron has a well documented antiemetic prophylactic effect, whereas in most studies of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), metoclopramide is less efficacious. This can be attributed to the short‐lasting effect of metoclopramide when a low dose is given at the beginning of surgery. We wanted to test a 20‐mg dose of metoclopramide given at the end of surgery, using ondansetron 8 mg as a reference.Methods: 122 patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were studied in a randomized, double‐blind study design. At the end of the procedure, the patients received either metoclopramide 20 mg or ondansetron 8 mg intravenously. The patients were observed for 24 h for PONV, pain, side‐effects and need for rescue antiemetic medication.Results: No significant differences in the incidence of PONV or need for rescue antiemetic treatment was observed in the 0–24 h postoperative study period. The overall incidence of PONV was 43% in the ondansetron group and 47% in the metoclopramide group. The ondansetron patients had a significantly higher incidence of moderate or strong pain during the postoperative observation period (61% vs. 35% in the metoclopramide group) (P < 0.05). No significant differences in side‐effects between the groups were observed.Conclusions: Metoclopramide 20 mg i.v. given at the end of laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in a similar incidence of PONV compared with ondansetron 8 mg. The patients receiving metoclopramide had less pain than the patients receiving ondansetron.
Eating Behavior Disorders in Uremia: A Question of Balance in Appetite Regulation
Authors: Aguilera Abelardo , Codoceo Rosa , Bajo María A. , Iglesias Pedro , Diéz Juan J. , Barril Guillermina , Cigarrán Secundino , Álvarez Vicente , Celadilla Olga , Fernández‐Perpén Antonio , Montero Agustín , Selgas Rafael 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTEating and appetite disorders are frequent complications of the uremic syndrome which contribute to malnutrition in dialysis patients. The data suggest that uremic anorexia may occur with or without abdominal and visceral fat accumulation despite a lower food intake. This form of obesity (i.e., with low food intake and malnutrition) is more common in dialysis patients than obesity with high food intake. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding mechanisms responsible for appetite regulation in normal conditions and in uremic patients. Anorexia in dialysis patients has been historically considered as a sign of uremic toxicity due to ‘‘inadequate’’ dialysis as judged by uncertain means (‘‘middle molecule’’ accumulation, Kt/V, ‘‘peak‐concentration hypothesis,’’ and others). We propose the tryptophan‐serotonin hypothesis, based on a uremia‐induced disorder in patients’ amino acid profile—low concentrations of large neutral and branched‐chain amino acids with high tryptophan levels. A high rate of tryptophan transport across the blood‐brain barrier increases the synthesis of serotonin, a major appetite inhibitor. Inflammation may also play a role in the genesis of anorexia and malnutrition. For example, silent infection with Helicobacter pylori may be a source of cytokines with cachectic action; its eradication improves appetite and nutrition. The evaluation of appetite should take into account cultural and social aspects. Uremic patients showed a universal trend to carbohydrate preference and red meat refusal compared to healthy people. In contrast, white meat was less problematic. Uremic patients also have a remarkable attraction for citrics and strong flavors in general. Eating preferences or refusals have been related to the predominance of some appetite peptide modulators. High levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) (a powerful anorexigen) are associated with early satiety for carbohydrates and neuropeptide Y (NPY) (an orexigen) with repeated food intake. Obesity and elevated body mass index often falsely suggest a good nutritional status. In uremic patients (a hyperinsulinemia state), disorders in the regulation of fat distribution (insulin, leptin, insulin‐like growth factor [IGF]‐1, fatty acids, and disorders in receptors for insulin, lipoprotein lipase, mitochondrial uncoupling protein‐2, and β3‐adrenoreceptors) may cause abdominal fat accumulation without an increase in appetite. Finally, appetite regulation in uremia is highly complex. Disorders in adipose tissue, gastrointestinal and neuropeptides, retained or hyperproduced inflammatory end products, and central nervous system changes may all play a role. Uremic anorexia may be explained by a hypothalamic hyperserotoninergic state derived from a high concentration of tryptophan and low branched‐chain amino acids.
Comparative nutritive value of cassava leaf meal, soya beans, fish meal and casein in diets for growing pigs
Authors: Agunbiade J. A. , Susenbeth A. , Sudekum K.‐H. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryA trial was conducted to investigate energy and nutrient digestibility of cassava leaf meal (CLM), casein (CAS), fish meal (FM), full‐fat soya bean (FFSB) and extracted soya bean meal (SBM). The basal diet containing cassava root meal (CRM) and FFSB meal and the other five dietary treatments were evaluated with 12 crossbred castrated male pigs in a metabolism study covering three successive experimental periods between 40 and 60 kg body weight (BW). Total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and gross energy (GE) of diets, generally increased significantly (p < 0.05) from CLM diet to FFSB and FM diets and finally to CAS and SBM diets, corresponding to a decrease in fibre content in the diets. Except for CAS diets, the pattern of acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility followed a similar trend. Significantly higher ADF digestibility was recorded for soya bean diets while ADF digestibility value obtained for CLM diet was significantly lower. The digestible energy values obtained for CAS, FM, FFSB, SBM and CLM were 22.2, 16.3, 17.5, 17.0 and 8.0 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Corresponding metabolizable energy values were 22.1, 15.6, 17.1, 16.3 and 7.6 MJ/kg DM, respectively.
Self‐Rated Quality of Life Scales for People with an Intellectual Disability: a Reply to Ager & Hatton
Authors: Cummins Robert A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn earlier publication by the present author concerning quality of life (QoL) measurement has been critiqued by A. Ager and C. Hatton. The present paper addresses the issues raised. It commences with a reappraisal of the Life Experiences Checklist and confirms the present author's view that this instrument is not adequate to measure QoL in accordance with contemporary understanding of the construct. It is argued that QoL scales should include both objective and subjective measurements across a minimum set of domains adequate to embrace the whole life experience. Finally, the usefulness of QoL measurement for people with intellectual disability is debated.
Identity Conflict in People with Intellectual Disabilities: What Role do Service‐providers Play in Mediating Stigma?
Authors: Craig Jaime , Craig Fiona , Withers Paul , Hatton Chris , Limb Kate 
Published: October 2010

Background  This study explores the relationship that the people with an intellectual disability have with their ‘learning disabled’ identity and the influence of intellectual disability services on this relationship.Methods  Information was collected using three methodologies: (1) audit of referrals to a community psychology service for people with intellectual disabilities; (2) service‐users focus group; (3) survey of the attitudes of intellectual disability service‐providers.Results  The results indicate that the conflict about an intellectually disabled identity may be an area of unmet need in services for people with intellectual disabilities.Conclusions  There is a need for careful consideration of the ways in which this identity is managed by service‐providers.
Characterization of Multisensory Environments: Why Do Teachers Use Them?
Authors: Stephenson Jennifer 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground  Special educators are increasingly using multisensory environments even though there is a lack of evidence for their effectiveness as an educational intervention. This paper explores the way multisensory rooms are presented on the World Wide Web in an attempt to understand why they are being used by teachers.Methods  Searches of the World Wide Web were carried out to locate 48 relevant sites. The contents of the sites were analyzed in terms of aims or purposes, purported benefits and outcomes, use of research, confidence of claims, emphasis on student behaviour and building interpersonal relationships.Results  The aims included sensory stimulation and relaxation. A wide range of purported outcomes were identified that were confidently claimed with little reference to the existing research base. Many sites did claim benefits for student behaviour and building up of relationships.Conclusions  There is an uncritical presentation of the purported benefits of multisensory environments with a belief that sensory stimulation is, in itself, a good thing. It seems that a teacher's desire to build positive relationships and provide pleasant experiences may be an important factor in the use of these environments.