bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The involvement of rTPJ in intention attribution during social decision making: A TMS study
Authors: Panico Francesco , Ferrara Antonella , Sagliano Laura , Trojano Luigi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe mini-Ultimatum Game (mini-UG) is a bargaining game used to assess the reactions of a responder to unfair offers made by a proposer under different intentionality conditions. Previous studies employing this task showed the activation of responders’ right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), which could be related to its involvement in judgments of intentionality. To verify this hypothesis, in the present study we applied online transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the rTPJ in responders during the mini-UG, in which we manipulated intention attribution implicitly. A cover story was employed to induce participants to believe they were interacting with another agent. We expected that interfering with the rTPJ could affect the ability of responders to assume proposers’ perspective, producing higher rates of rejections of unfair offers when offers are perceived as independent from responders’ intentionality to inequality. Twenty-six healthy women voluntarily participated in the study. In the mini-UG, an unfair distribution of the proposer (8/2 offer) was pitted against one of three alternative offers: fair-alternative (5/5), no-alternative (8/2), hyperfair-alternative (2/8). During the task, a train of TMS pulses was delivered at proposers’ offer presentation in blocks of active (rTPJ) or control (Vertex) stimulation according to an ABAB design. As expected, findings showed that rejection of the no-alternative offers was higher under TMS stimulation of the rTPJ compared with the control TMS. This effect was modulated by the degree of trustworthiness in the cover story. These data contribute defining the mechanisms and brain areas underpinning social decision making as assessed by bargaining tasks.
Illusory inferences in conditional expressions
Authors: Espino Orlando , Orenes Isabel , Moreno-Ríos Sergio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA robber points a gun at a cashier and says: “Only one of these two options is true: If you conceal the combination to the safe, then I kill you; otherwise, if you don´t conceal the combination to the safe, then I kill you.” Hearing this statement, most people conclude that, in either case, “I kill you.” This is an illusory response, in fact; the valid conclusion states “I don´t kill you.” The research reported here studied the roles that different expressions of conditionals (“if-then,” “only if,” and “if and only if”) play in the illusory response. Three experiments show that participants inferred the conclusion “I kill you” from the conditional “if-then” and “I may or may not kill you” from the conditional “only if,” while selecting both options with similar frequency for the biconditional “if and only if.” These results shed light on the main theories of deductive reasoning.
Contextual facilitation: Separable roles of contextual guidance and context suppression in visual search
Authors: Chen Siyi , Müller Hermann J. , Shi Zhuanghua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVisual search is facilitated when targets are repeatedly encountered at a fixed position relative to an invariant distractor layout, compared to random distractor arrangements. However, standard investigations of this contextual-facilitation effect employ fixed distractor layouts that predict a constant target location, which does not always reflect real-world situations where the target location may vary relative to an invariant distractor arrangement. To explore the mechanisms involved in contextual learning, we employed a training-test procedure, introducing not only the standard full-repeated displays with fixed target-distractor locations but also distractor-repeated displays in which the distractor arrangement remained unchanged but the target locations varied. During the training phase, participants encountered three types of display: full-repeated, distractor-repeated, and random arrangements. The results revealed full-repeated displays to engender larger performance gains than distractor-repeated displays, relative to the random-display baseline. In the test phase, the gains were substantially reduced when full-repeated displays changed into distractor-repeated displays, while the transition from distractor-repeated to full-repeated displays failed to yield additional gains. We take this pattern to indicate that contextual learning can improve performance with both predictive and non-predictive (repeated) contexts, employing distinct mechanisms: contextual guidance and context suppression, respectively. We consider how these mechanisms might be implemented (neuro-)computationally.
Exploration of factors affecting webcam-based automated gaze coding
Authors: Hagihara Hiromichi , Zaadnoordijk Lorijn , Cusack Rhodri , Kimura Nanako , Tsuji Sho 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOnline experiments have been transforming the field of behavioral research, enabling researchers to increase sample sizes, access diverse populations, lower the costs of data collection, and promote reproducibility. The field of developmental psychology increasingly exploits such online testing approaches. Since infants cannot give explicit behavioral responses, one key outcome measure is infants’ gaze behavior. In the absence of automated eyetrackers in participants’ homes, automatic gaze classification from webcam data would make it possible to avoid painstaking manual coding. However, the lack of a controlled experimental environment may lead to various noise factors impeding automatic face detection or gaze classification. We created an adult webcam dataset that systematically reproduced noise factors from infant webcam studies which might affect automated gaze coding accuracy. We varied participants’ left-right offset, distance to the camera, facial rotation, and the direction of the lighting source. Running two state-of-the-art classification algorithms (iCatcher+ and OWLET) revealed that facial detection performance was particularly affected by the lighting source, while gaze coding accuracy was consistently affected by the distance to the camera and lighting source. Morphing participants’ faces to be unidentifiable did not generally affect the results, suggesting facial anonymization could be used when making online video data publicly available, for purposes of further study and transparency. Our findings will guide improving study design for infant and adult participants during online experiments. Moreover, training algorithms using our dataset will allow researchers to improve robustness and allow developmental psychologists to leverage online testing more efficiently.
Multiligament Knee Reconstruction With Suture Tape Augmentation: Patient-Reported Outcomes at Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Panish Brian , Lawson Jonathan J. , Elkadi Seleem , Schaefer Eliana , Perraut Gregory , Argintar Evan H. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Multiligament knee injury (MLKI) is a severe subclass of orthopedic injury and can result in significant functional impairment. Novel MLKI graft constructs such as suture augmentation aim to enhance graft strength and optimize knee stability. The purpose of this study was to present patient-reported outcome measurements of a cohort at a minimum follow-up of 2 years after multiligament knee reconstruction (MLKR) with suture augmentation.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients who underwent MLKR with suture augmentation. Demographic and injury-specific variables were gathered preoperatively and postoperatively. Patients were contacted at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively to collect Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, Multiligament Quality of Life, and Lysholm knee scores.

Results:
Twenty-seven patients underwent MLKR with suture augmentation, with 15 being female (55.6%) and 12 being male (44.4%). The mean pain score was 49.93±9.96, the mean physical function score was 49.56±10.94, and the mean mobility score was 47.56±8.58. The mean physical impairment score was 33.96±23.69, the mean emotional impairment score was 36.55±26.60, the mean activity limitation score was 28.00±25.61, and the mean societal involvement score was 30.09±27.45. The mean Lysholm knee score for the cohort was 67.93±22.36.

Conclusion:

Patients who underwent MLKR with suture augmentation had satisfactory scores across all patient-reported outcome measurements. On the basis of these criteria, the average patient achieved an acceptable clinical outcome, demonstrating that MLKR with suture augmentation is a safe and efficacious surgical technique for the treatment of MLKI. [
Orthopedics
. 2024;47(4):238–243.]
Geographic Access to Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeons in the United States: An Analysis of Sociodemographic Factors
Authors: Farivar Daniel , Peterman Nicholas J. , Nilssen Paal K. , Illingworth Kenneth D. , Nuckols Teryl K. , Skaggs David L. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
It is unclear how pediatric orthopedic surgeons are geographically distributed relative to their patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the geographic distribution of pediatric orthopedic surgeons in the United States.

Materials and Methods:
County-level data of actively practicing pediatric orthopedic surgeons were identified by matching several registries and membership logs. Data were used to calculate the distance between counties and nearest surgeon. Counties were categorized as “surgeon clusters” or “surgeon deserts” if the distance to the nearest surgeon was less than or greater than the national average and the average of all neighboring counties, respectively. Cohorts were then compared for differences in population characteristics using data obtained from the 2020 American Community Survey.

Results:

A total of 1197 unique pediatric orthopedic surgeons were identified. The mean distance to the nearest pediatric orthopedic surgeon for a patient residing in a surgeon desert or a surgeon cluster was 141.9±53.8 miles and 30.9±16.0 miles, respectively. Surgeon deserts were found to have lower median household incomes (
P
<.001) and greater rates of children without health insurance (
P
<.001). Multivariate analyses showed that higher Rural-Urban Continuum codes (
P
<.001), Area Deprivation Index scores (
P
<.001), and percentage of patients without health insurance (
P
<.001) all independently required significantly greater travel distances to see a pediatric orthopedic surgeon.

Conclusion:

Pediatric orthopedic surgeons are not equally distributed in the United States, and many counties are not optimally served. Additional studies are needed to identify the relationship between travel distances and patient outcomes and how geographic inequalities can be minimized. [
Orthopedics
. 2024;47(4):e204–e210.]
“In retrospect, I recognize it as a significant turning point”: A graduate student-centered assessment of a Preparing Future Faculty program
Authors: Lam Charmian , Drane Leslie E. , Kearns Katherine , Eyink Julie , Hathorn Helen , Standard Matthew G. , Tezel Aybike , O'Neill Melissa , Howard Jay , Saam Julie , Daleke David 
Published: May 2024

Preparing Future Faculty (PFF) programs provide pedagogical training and experiences to promote graduate student professional development. We conducted a study of PFF Fellows’ experiences about their year of teaching between 2005 and 2020 and subsequent career trajectory. This is particularly interesting as Fellows have a variety of experiences while teaching in-person at one of seven collaborating host institutions before graduating and pursuing a career. Using a mixed methods survey (n = 54), we provide a student-centered assessment of program goals across 15 annual cohorts from a home institution classified as large, Midwestern, and public. Descriptive and thematic analysis of responses revealed five themes suggesting that PFF experiences have positive outcomes for graduate students’ academic career development. As our methodological goal was to center graduate student voices, we have provided several narratives that illustrate the diversity of experiences across the years. We discuss the implications of these findings as important considerations for the creation of similar programs designed to support graduate student development as future faculty.
Impact of Early Microparticle Release during Isolated Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Correlation with Coagulopathy and Mortality
Authors: Albert Venencia , Subramanian Arulselvi , Pati Hara Prasad 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Microparticles (MPs) have been implicated in thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction. Their involvement in early coagulopathy and in worsening of outcomes in isolated severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) patients remains ill defined.

Objective:
We sought to quantify the circulatory MP subtypes derived from platelets (PMPs; CD42), endothelial cells (EMPs; CD62E), and those bearing tissue factor (TFMP; CD142) and analyze their correlation with early coagulopathy, thrombin generation, and in-hospital mortality.

Materials and Methods:
Prospective screening of sTBI patients was done. Blood samples were collected before blood and fluid transfusion. MP enumeration and characterization were performed using flow cytometry, and thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Circulating levels of procoagulant MPs were compared between isolated sTBI patients and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC). Patients were stratified according to their PMP, EMP, and TFMP levels, respectively (high ≥HC median and low < HC median).

Results:
Isolated sTBI resulted in an increased generation of PMPs (456.6 [228–919] vs. 249.1 [198.9–404.5]; P = 0.01) and EMPs (301.5 [118.8–586.7] vs. 140.9 [124.9–286]; P = 0.09) compared to HCs. Also, 5.3% of MPs expressed TF (380 [301–710]) in HCs, compared to 6.6% MPs (484 [159–484]; P = 0.87) in isolated sTBI patients. Early TBI-associated coagulopathy (TBI-AC) was seen in 50 (41.6%) patients. PMP (380 [139–779] vs. 523.9 [334–927]; P = 0.19) and EMP (242 [86–483] vs. 344 [168–605]; P = 0.81) counts were low in patients with TBI-AC, compared to patients without TBI-AC.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that enhanced cellular activation and procoagulant MP generation are predominant after isolated sTBI. TBI-AC was associated with low plasma PMPs count compared to the count in patients without TBI-AC. Low PMPs may be involved with the development of TBI-AC.
Role of Pericardial Patch in Neurosurgery: Institutional Experience
Authors: Velho Vernon , Hinduja Mayuresh , Kharosekar Hrushikesh , Naik Harish 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Dural closure is an important part of neurosurgery, failure which may lead to wound infection, pseudomeningoceles, meningitis, severe morbidity to a patient, and even mortality. In cases where primary dura closure is not possible, a bovine pericardial patch is a good alternative with the benefits of suturability and the ability to provide watertight closure, hence preventing Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) leak. The present study demonstrates the use of the bovine pericardial patch in both cranial and spinal disorders for dural closure as well as for transposition technique in microvascular decompression.

Objectives:
The aim of our study is to understand the advantages and feasibility of a bovine pericardial patch in various neurosurgical procedures.

Material & Methods:
Fifty-one patients were analyzed prospectively and followed up in which glutaraldehyde-free bovine pericardial patch was used in various cranial and spinal disorders.

Results:
The most common indications where a bovine pericardial patch was used, in decreasing order of frequency, were meningioma excision surgery (47%), followed by Chiari malformation operated for foramen magnum decompression (17.6%), meningomyelocele (7.8%), spinal dural defects (7.8%), trigeminal neuralgia (5.8%), traumatic decompression with lax duraplasty (4%), glioma (4%), encephalocele (4%), and skull base defects (2%). Two patients had complications, one with CSF leak and the other had superficial wound infection, which were managed appropriately.

Conclusions:
The use of a bovine pericardial patch as a dural substitute in various cranial and spinal disorders is feasible with good outcomes, and it can be considered an ideal dural substitute.
Re-Admissions of ‘Unknown’ Traumatic Brain Injury Patients – Inadequacy of Rehabilitative Services in a Developing Country
Authors: Phalak Manoj , Sharma Ravi , Bora Santanu , Katiyar Varidh , Ganeshkumar Akshay , Khan Norudeen , Tandon Vivek , Garg Kanwaljeet , Satyarthee Gurudutta , Gupta Deepak , Agrawal Deepak , Chandra Sarat P. , Kale Shashank S. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
In neurosurgical practice, continuous care after discharge and the ability to detect subtle indicators of clinical deterioration are mandatory to prevent the progression of a disease. The care of ‘unknown’ patients discharged to rehabilitation homes may not have this privilege, especially in resource-poor countries such as India.

Objective:
We have attempted to study the causes and outcomes of re-admissions of ‘unknown’ patients with previous traumatic brain injury (TBI) to estimate the quality of nursing care in our rehabilitation centers.

Material and Methods:
The electronic hospital records of all consecutive ‘unknown’ TBI patients with unplanned re-admissions at our institute from January 2014 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed for the factors determining the risk and outcomes of re-admission.

Results:
Out of 245 patients sent to rehabilitation homes at discharge, 47 patients (19.18%) were re-admitted. A total of 33 patients (70%) were re-admitted between 1 month and 1 year. Out of these, 38 patients (80.9%) were re-admitted because of preventable causes. Fifteen patients (31.9%) died during the hospital stay. The rest of the 32 (68%) patients were discharged after the management of the concerned condition with an average hospital stay of 9 ± 11.1 days. The average Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at re-admission of the patients who died was 6 (range 3–11). Two patients were brought in the brain dead status, whereas 20 patients (42.6%) had a GCS of 5 or below at the time of re-admission. The risk of mortality among patients with non-preventable causes was 88.9% (8/9) compared to preventable causes 18.4% (7/38). However, preventable causes for re-admission are much more common, resulting in nearly a similar overall contribution to mortality.

Conclusions:
There is a high rate of mortality and morbidity in ‘unknown’ patients with TBI because of poor post-discharge care in developing countries. Because preventable causes are the major contributor to re-admissions, the re-admission rate is a good indicator of a lack of adequate rehabilitative services. The need for improving the post-discharge management of ‘unknown’ patients with TBI in resource-poor countries cannot be over-emphasized.
Risk Factors for Stroke in Children with Tuberculous Meningitis: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Prakash Niti , Verma Manisha , Kumar Chandrakanta , Jain Amita , Kumar Sukriti 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The purpose of the study is to establish the prevalence of stroke as well as the clinical and radiological correlates of stroke in children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM).

Methods and Materials:
A prospective observational study was conducted at the Pediatric Department, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Using a computed tomography (CT) scan/brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), patients were divided into stroke and non-stroke groups. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, cerebrospinal fluid examination, basal meningeal enhancement, hydrocephalus, tuberculoma, and clinical outcome were compared between the two groups.

Results:
Seventy-eight TBM patients, aged between 6 months and 14 years, were included. Out of 78 enrolled patients, 3 (3.8%) had definite TBM, 73 (91%) had probable TBM, and 4 (5.1%) had possible TBM (LCS). As per the Medical Research Council (MRC) staging, 13% had Stage 1 TBM, 26% had stage 2, and 61% had stage 3 TBM. Out of 78 patients with chest X-ray findings, 42 (53%) had findings suggestive of tuberculosis (TB), which included 33 (42%) with hilar lymphadenopathy and 9 (11%) with a miliary pattern. On neuroimaging, hydrocephalous was seen in 62.8% of cases, basal meningeal enhancement in 64.1%, tuberculoma in 6.4% of cases, and infarction in 53.8% of cases. There was no statistically significant association found between the staging of TBM and the presence of infarction as the majority of cases involved were in stage 3 of the disease (61.5%). TBM patients with stroke had poor clinical outcomes.

Conclusion:
Age, altered sensorium, focal neurological deficits, vomiting, and basal meningeal enhancement can predict the occurrence of stroke in young adults with TBM.
Silver-modified atraumatic restorative technique: A comprehensive review
Authors: Aldosari Mohammed Mubarak , Alkhathlan Abdulmajeed Rasheed , Alasmari Osama Nasser 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The Silver-modified Atraumatic Restorative Technique (SMART) is a new emerging technique and presents a compelling option for the management of carious lesions as it allows for a more conservative and efficient treatment method, ultimately leading to improved preservation of tooth structure.

Aims:
The aim of this review is to highlight the SMART, its appropriate indications and contraindications, and its effectiveness.

Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive search was conducted across several scientific databases. A total of 82 articles were gathered and subsequently subjected to screening based on predetermined inclusion criteria. A comprehensive compilation of 37 articles was utilized for the purpose of this evaluation.

Results and Discussion:
Based on careful case selection, it is possible to suggest the use of this treatment as a potential biologic adjunctive therapy for managing asymptomatic deep dentinal lesions in pediatric patients. The SMART is a valuable treatment modality for treating apprehensive patients and patients who cannot withstand long-duration treatment.

Conclusion:
The SMART approach is an efficient and reliable method for treating dental caries. It has been extensively studied and documented that the application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is successful in preventing the advancement of dentin caries. This makes SDF a beneficial addition to enhance the effectiveness of the atraumatic restorative treatment in primary dentition.