bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limit process of stationary TASEP near the characteristic line
Authors: Baik Jinho , Ferrari Patrik L. , Péché Sandrine 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) on\input amssym ${\Bbb Z}$ with the Bernoulli‐ρ measure as an initial condition, 0 < ρ < 1, is stationary. It is known that along the characteristic line, the current fluctuates at an order of t1/3. The limiting distribution has also been obtained explicitly. In this paper we determine the limiting multipoint distribution of the current fluctuations moving away from the characteristics by the order t2/3. The main tool is the analysis of a related directed last percolation model. We also discuss the process limit in tandem queues in equilibrium. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term consequences of Sox9 depletion on inner ear development
Authors: Park Byung‐Yong , Saint‐Jeannet Jean‐Pierre 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe transcription factor Sox9 has been implicated in inner ear formation in several species. To investigate the long‐term consequences of Sox9 depletion on inner ear development we analyzed the inner ear architecture of Sox9‐depleted Xenopus tadpoles generated by injection of increasing amounts of Sox9 morpholino antisense oligonucleotides. We found that Sox9‐depletion resulted in major defects in the development of vestibular structures, semicircular canals and utricle, while the ventrally located saccule was less severely affected in these embryos. Consistent with this phenotype, we observed a specific loss of the dorsal expression of Wnt3a expression in the otic vesicle of Sox9 morphants, associated with an increase in cell death and a reduction in cell proliferation in the region of the presumptive otic epithelium. We propose that, in addition to its early role in placode specification, Sox9 is also required for the maintenance of progenitors in the otic epithelium. Developmental Dynamics 239:1102–1112, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zinc signals promote IL‐2‐dependent proliferation of T cells
Authors: Kaltenberg Jennifer , Plum Laura M. , Ober‐Blöbaum Julia L. , Hönscheid Andrea , Rink Lothar , Haase Hajo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractZinc signals, i.e. a change of the intracellular concentration of free zinc ions in response to receptor stimulation, are involved in signal transduction in several immune cells. Here, the role of zinc signals in T‐cell activation by IL‐2 was investigated in the murine cytotoxic T‐cell line CTLL‐2 and in primary human T cells. Measurements with the fluorescent dyes FluoZin‐3 and Zinquin showed that zinc is released from lysosomes into the cytosol in response to stimulation of the IL‐2‐receptor. Activation of the ERK‐pathway was blocked by chelation of free zinc with N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis‐2(pyridyl‐methyl)ethylenediamine, whereas zinc was not required for STAT5 phosphorylation. In addition, the key signaling molecules MEK and ERK were activated in response to elevated free intracellular zinc, induced by incubation with zinc and the ionophore pyrithione. Downstream of ERK activation, ERK‐specific gene expression of c‐fos and IL‐2‐induced proliferation was found to depend on zinc. Further experiments indicated that inhibition of MEK and ERK‐dephosphorylating protein phosphatases is the molecular mechanism for the influence of zinc on this pathway. In conclusion, an increase of cytoplasmic free zinc is required for IL‐2‐induced ERK signaling and proliferation of T cells.
The NK receptor KLRG1 is dispensable for virus‐induced NK and CD8+ T‐cell differentiation and function in vivo
Authors: Gründemann Carsten , Schwartzkopff Sabrina , Koschella Marie , Schweier Oliver , Peters Christoph , Voehringer David , Pircher Hanspeter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe killer cell lectin‐like receptor G1 (KLRG1) is expressed by NK and T‐cell subsets and recognizes members of the classical cadherin family. KLRG1 is widely used as a lymphocyte differentiation marker in both humans and mice but the physiological role of KLRG1 in vivo is still unclear. Here, we generated KLRG1‐deficient mice by homologous recombination and used several infection models for their characterization. The results revealed that KLRG1 deficiency did not affect development and function of NK cells examined under various conditions. KLRG1 was also dispensable for normal CD8+ T‐cell differentiation and function after viral infections. Thus, KLRG1 is a marker for distinct NK and T‐cell differentiation stages but it does not play a deterministic role in the generation and functional characteristics of these lymphocyte subsets. In addition, we demonstrate that E‐cadherin expressed by K562 target cells inhibited NK‐cell reactivity in transgenic mice over‐expressing KLRG1 but not in KLRG1‐deficient or WT mice. Hence, the inhibitory potential of KLRG1 in mice is rather weak and strong activation signals during viral infections may override the inhibitory signal in vivo.
CCL21 is sufficient to mediate DC migration, maturation and function in the absence of CCL19
Authors: Britschgi Mirjam R. , Favre Stéphanie , Luther Sanjiv A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMice deficient in CCR7 signals show severe defects in lymphoid tissue architecture and immune response. These defects are due to impaired attraction of CCR7+ DC and CCR7+ T cells into the T zones of secondary lymphoid organs and altered DC maturation. It is currently unclear which CCR7 ligand mediates these processes in vivo as CCL19 and CCL21 show an overlapping expression pattern and blocking experiments have given contradictory results. In this study, we addressed this question using CCL19‐deficient mice expressing various levels of CCL21. Complete deficiency of CCL19 and CCL21 but not CCL19 alone was found to be associated with abnormal frequencies and localization of DC in naïve LN. Similarly, CCL19 was not required for DC migration from the skin, full DC maturation and efficient T‐cell priming. Our findings suggest that CCL21 is the critical CCR7 ligand regulating DC homeostasis and function in vivo with CCL19 being redundant for these processes.
The controversial relationship between NLRP3, alum, danger signals and the next‐generation adjuvants
Authors: Spreafico Roberto , Ricciardi‐Castagnoli Paola , Mortellaro Alessandra 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAlum has been the only adjuvant licensed for human vaccines for decades and is still widely used, but its mechanism of action remains obscure. Recently, the NLRP3 inflammasome has been linked to the immunostimulatory properties of alum and other particulate adjuvants, although it is disputed to what degree NLRP3 is genuinely essential in vivo. Meanwhile, researchers are testing adjuvants harnessing both the infectious/non‐infectious‐discriminating TLR and the danger‐sensing NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. Could this be the basis of a long‐needed rationale in the design of adjuvants?
Pyroptosis – a cell death modality of its kind?
Authors: Kepp Oliver , Galluzzi Lorenzo , Zitvogel Laurence , Kroemer Guido 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe term “pyroptosis” was originally introduced to describe a particular form of cell death in macrophages, which is induced by bacterial infection, is accompanied by caspase‐1 activation and hence leads to the release of pyrogenic interleukins; however, it is still controversial whether pyroptosis – which can also be triggered by non‐bacterial pathological stimuli – truly represents a cell death modality on its own or whether it constitutes a special case of apoptosis or necrosis.
Signaling by ROS drives inflammasome activation
Authors: Martinon Fabio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractInflammasomes are innate immune signaling pathways that sense pathogens and injury to direct the proteolytic maturation of inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β and IL‐18. Among inflammasomes, the NLRP3/NALP3 inflammasome is the most studied. However, little is known on the molecular mechanisms that mediate its assembly and activation. Recent findings suggest that ROS are produced by NLRP3/NALP3 activators and are essential secondary messengers signaling NLRP3/NALP3 inflammasome activation.
The role of inflammasomes in the immunostimulatory effects of particulate vaccine adjuvants
Authors: Harris James , Sharp Fiona A. , Lavelle Ed C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAdjuvants are essential for enhancing and directing immunity to vaccine antigens. Most adjuvants in clinical use are particulates, but how they drive innate and adaptive immune responses is unclear. A major recent advance was the demonstration that particulate adjuvants promote activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The mechanisms underlying this activation have been partly resolved and the role of NLRP3 in particulate adjuvant‐induced adaptive immunity is currently the subject of intense interest.
Inflammasomes as microbial sensors
Authors: Franchi Luigi , Muñoz‐Planillo Raul , Reimer Thornik , Eigenbrod Tatjana , Núñez Gabriel 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMembers of the Nod‐like receptor family and the adaptor ASC assemble into multiprotein platforms, termed inflammasomes, to mediate the activation of caspase‐1 and subsequent secretion of IL‐1β and IL‐18. Recent studies have identified microbial and endogenous molecules as well as possible mechanisms involved in inflammasome activation.
Critical functions of priming and lysosomal damage for NLRP3 activation
Authors: Hornung Veit , Latz Eicke 
Published: March 2010

AbstractInflammasomes are cytosolic multi‐protein complexes that form in response to infectious or injurious challenges. Inflammasomes control the activity of caspase‐1, which is essential for the maturation and release of IL‐1β family cytokines. The NLRP1, IPAF and AIM2 inflammasomes recognize specific substances, while the NLRP3 inflammasome responds to many structurally and chemically diverse triggers. Here, we discuss the critical roles of priming and lysosomal damage in NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Sterile inflammatory responses mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Cassel Suzanne L. , Sutterwala Fayyaz S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThrough pattern recognition receptors the innate immune system detects disruption of the normal function of the organism and initiates responses directed at correcting these derangements. Cellular damage from microbial or non‐microbial insults causes the activation of nucleotide‐binding domain leucine‐rich repeat containing receptors in multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes. Here we discuss the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the recognition of cellular damage and the initiation of sterile inflammatory responses.
NOD‐like receptor (NLR) signaling beyond the inflammasome
Authors: Shaw Patrick J. , Lamkanfi Mohamed , Kanneganti Thirumala‐Devi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a marked progress in our knowledge of NOD‐like receptors (NLR), intracellular sensors with central roles in innate and adaptive immunity. A majority of the research has focused on caspase‐1 inflammasomes. However, several members of the mammalian NLR family exert important roles in immunity beyond inflammasome signaling. Here we highlight the emerging roles of several of these NLR.
Loss of DNAM‐1 contributes to CD8+ T‐cell exhaustion in chronic HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Cella Marina , Presti Rachel , Vermi William , Lavender Kerry , Turnbull Emma , Ochsenbauer‐Jambor Christina , Kappes John C. , Ferrari Guido , Kessels Lisa , Williams Ian ,   CHAVI Clinical Core B, McMichael Andrew J. , Haynes Barton F. , Borrow Persephone , Colonna Marco ,   the NIAID Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe hallmark of chronic viral infections is a progressive exhaustion of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells that leads to persisting viral replication. It is generally believed that exhaustion is a consequence of the accumulation of multiple inhibitory receptors on CD8+ T cells that makes them dysfunctional. Here, we show that during human chronic HIV‐1 infection, a CD8+ T‐cell positive costimulatory pathway mediated by DNAX‐activating molecule‐1 is also disrupted. Thus, DNAX‐activating molecule‐1 downregulation on CD8+ T cells aggravates the impairment of CTL effector function in chronic HIV‐1 infection.
IL‐1: Discoveries, controversies and future directions
Authors: Dinarello Charles A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAlthough there has been a great amount of progress in the 25 years since the first reporting of the cDNA for IL‐1α and IL‐1β, the history of IL‐1 goes back to the early 1940s. In fact, the entire field of inflammatory cytokines, TLR and the innate immune response can be found in the story of IL‐1. This Viewpoint follows the steps from the identification of the fever‐inducing activities of “soluble factors” produced by endotoxin‐stimulated leukocytes through to the discovery of cryopyrin and the caspase‐1 inflammasome and on to the clinical benefits of anti‐IL‐1β‐based therapeutics. It also discusses some of the current controversies regarding the activation of the inflammasome. The future of novel anti‐inflammatory agents to combat chronic inflammation is based, in part, on the diseases that are uniquely responsive to anti‐IL‐1β, which is surely a reason to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the cloning of IL‐1α and IL‐1β.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 3/10
Authors: Meng Guangxun , Strober Warren 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe cover picture features the hallmark set of scales representing the balancing of opinions in our Viewpoint series, with the cells representing the various immune components affected by altered inflammasome activation. The schematic is taken from the article by Meng and Strober (pp. 649–653), which examines the role of Nlrp3 mutations in murine models of autoinflammatory diseases.
Dinuclear Chlorido‐, Alkyl(chlorido)‐, and Hydridoyttrium Complexes Supported by μ‐Bridging‐Silyl‐Linked Bis(amidinate) Ligands
Authors: Skvortsov Grigorii G. , Tolpyguin Alexei O. , Fukin Georgy K. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Trifonov Alexander A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA chloridoyttrium complex supported by a silyl‐linked bis(amidinate) ligand, [(Me2Si{NC(Ph)N(2,6‐iPr2–C6H3)}2)2(YCl)2(μ‐Cl)]–[Li(thf)4]+ (2) (thf = tetrahydrofuran), was synthesized by the reaction of equimolar amounts of anhydrous YCl3 and lithium amidinate [(Me2Si{NC(Ph)N(2,6‐iPr2–C6H3)}2)2Li3]–[Li(thf)4]+ (1) in thf at 20 °C. Complex 2 was isolated after recrystallization from a thf/hexane mixture in 72 % yield. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis has revealed that 2 is a dinuclear compound composed of a discrete complex anion [(Me2Si{NC(Ph)N(2,6‐iPr2–C6H3)}2)2(YCl)2(μ‐Cl)]–, containing one μ‐bridging and two terminal chloride ligands, and a cation [Li(thf)4]+. The formation of a dimeric structure results from the coordination of amidinate fragments of the same dianionic ligand on two different yttrium ions and the presence of a μ‐bridging chloride ligand. Alkylation of 2 with one equivalent of Me3SiCH2Li in toluene afforded an alkyl(chlorido)yttrium complex, [Me2Si{NC(Ph)N(2,6‐iPr2–C6H3)}2]2[Y(thf)](μ‐Cl)[Y(CH2SiMe3)] (3). X‐ray crystal structure investigation has shown that 3 is a dimeric complex as a result of the “spanning” coordination mode of the ansa‐bis(amidinate) ligands and the presence of one μ2‐chloride ligand, while the alkyl group remains terminal. Treatment of the in situ generated alkyl derivative [Me2Si{NC(Ph)N(2,6‐iPr2–C6H3)}2]2[Y(CH2SiMe3)]2 (4) with PhSiH3 in toluene results in the formation of the corresponding hydridoyttrium complex [Me2Si{NC(Ph)N(2,6‐iPr2–C6H3)}2Y(μ‐H)]2 (5), which was isolated after recrystallization from toluene in 73 % yield. According to the X‐ray crystal structure analysis, 5 adopts a dimeric structure with two μ‐bridging bis(amidinate) and two μ2‐hydrido ligands.
Preparation and Characterization of Novel Poly(alkylidenamine) Nitrile Ruthenium Metallodendrimers
Authors: Jardim Manuel G. , Rissanen Kari , Rodrigues João 
Published: March 2010

AbstractComplete functionalization of N,N,N′,N′‐[tetrakis(cyanoethyl)hexamethylenediamine] [N≡C(CH2)2]2N(CH2)6N[(CH2)2C≡N]2 (4) and N,N,N′,N′‐[tetrakis(cyanoethoxypropyl)hexamethylenediamine] [N≡C(CH2)2O(CH2)3]2N(CH2)6N[(CH2)3O(CH2)2C≡N]2 (7) with the organometallic moiety [Ru(η5‐C5H5)(PPh3)2Cl] and the five‐coordinate cis‐[RuCl(dppe)2][PF6] [dppe = 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane] was attained with good yield, respectively, by treating the metallofragment with the core in methanol (at room temperature and in presence of TlPF6 as a chloride abstractor) and in 1,2‐dichloroethane (under reflux). These novel nitrile‐functionalized poly(alkylidenamine) dendrimers peripherally functionalized with the ruthenium moieties [Ru(η5‐C5H5)(PPh3)2]+ and [RuCl(dppe)2]+ (8–11) were fully characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, 31P), TOF‐MS and FTIR. The present results represent a step forward in the knowledge of the most adequate synthetic strategy for total coordination of poly(alkylidenamine) nitrile core derivatives to the different ruthenium complex moieties and confirm the versatility of these systems as building blocks in metallodendrimer chemistry.
fac‐Ir(ppy)3: Structures in the Gas‐Phase and of a New Solid Modification
Authors: Berger Raphael J. F. , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Neumann Beate , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe structure of fac‐Ir(ppy)3 has been determined in the gas phase by means of electron diffraction. A new modification (space group P$\bar {4}$21c) has been obtained by sublimation of the compound at 385 °C and its structure been determined by X‐ray diffraction. Concerning the importance of fac‐Ir(ppy)3 as triplet emitter in OLED devices, and the fact that the relevant layers most of these are generated via gas phase deposition techniques the new structures are of high relevance. They mark an improvement to an earlier solid‐state structure determination of a monoclinic modification yielded by crystallisation from solution. Selected structural parameters are (gas/solid): Ir1–C8 2.033(6)/2.016(2) Å, Ir1–N2 2.158(7)/2.130(2) Å; N2–Ir1–N2b 98(1)°/94(2)°, C8–Ir1–C8b 93(1)°/94(2)°.
My body or my mind: The impact of state and trait objectification on women's cognitive resources
Authors: Gay Robin K. , Castano Emanuele 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectification theory posits that as a result of pervasive sexual objectification of the female body in American culture, women are socialized to take an observers' perspective towards the self, resulting in self‐objectification. This tendency, combined with an objectifying context, is hypothesized to increase cognitive load, thereby impairing performance. Two experiments tested this hypothesis by investigating the joint impact of trait and state objectification on cognitive load among women. Results of the first experiment showed longer response latencies on a Letter Number Sequencing task, specifically among women high in trait self‐objectification (TSO), in a highly objectifying condition. The second experiment replicated results from the first while also exploring possible correlates of the effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereotype threat: Antecedents and consequences for working women
Authors: von Hippel Courtney , Issa Mona , Ma Roslyn , Stokes Abby 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThree studies investigated antecedents and consequences of stereotype threat for female employees. The results of Studies 1 and 2 suggest that social comparisons with men are associated with feelings of stereotype threat whereas social comparisons with women are not. Stereotype threat, in turn, was associated with conflict surrounding women's identity as female employees and with decreased perceived likelihood of achieving career goals. Study 3 extended these findings by demonstrating that feelings of stereotype threat are also negatively related to workplace attitudes and turnover intentions. Furthermore, the effect of stereotype threat on these job attitudes and intentions was itself mediated by identity conflict and perceived likelihood of achieving career goals. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical Oxidation and Sensitive Determination of Acetaminophen in Pharmaceuticals at Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐Modified Screen‐Printed Electrodes
Authors: Su Wan‐Yu , Cheng Shu‐Hua 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe current study reports electrocatalytic oxidation of acetaminophen at screen‐printed electrode (SPE) modified with electrogenerated poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film. Cyclic voltammetric studies show that the SPE/PEDOT electrode lowers overpotentials and improves electrochemical behavior of acetaminophen (ACAP) in aqueous buffer solutions, compared to the bare SPE. Excellent analytical features are achieved, including high sensitivity, low detection limit and satisfactory dynamic range, by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and flow‐injection amperometry (FIA) under optimized conditions. The proposed methods obtain satisfactory results in detection of acetaminophen in two commercial tablets.
Genetic polymorphism in the conjugating enzyme UGT1A1 and the risk of head and neck cancer
Authors: Lacko Martin , Roelofs Hennie M.J. , te Morsche Rene H.M. , Voogd Adri C. , Ophuis Michel B. Oude , Peters Wilbert H.M. , Manni Johannes J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) is an enzyme which catalyses not only the glucuronidation of tobacco smoke carcinogens like benzopyrene, but also of the endogenous substrate bilirubin. Bilirubin for a long time was considered to be only a toxic waste product of hemoglobin degradation, but recent findings have shown that bilirubin is a potent antioxidant, which may play a protective role against cancer. We investigated whether a genetic polymorphism inUGT1A1 (UGT1A1*28), associated with a reduced UGT1A1 enzyme activity, may have a risk‐modifying effect on head and neck carcinogenesis. Blood samples from 421 patients with oral, pharyngeal or laryngeal carcinoma, and 417 healthy controls were investigated for theUGT1A1*28polymorphism. On the basis of the occurrence of this polymorphism, patients and controls were divided according to predicted UGT1A1 enzyme activity (low, intermediate, high). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant increased distribution of predicted high activityUGT1A1*1polymorphisms among the patients (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.02–1.83). Stratified analyses demonstrated that predicted high activityUGT1A1polymorphisms were present even more significantly in patients with laryngeal cancer, older patients, heavy smokers and heavy drinkers. In conclusion, the predicted high activityUGT1A1*1polymorphism, which results in lower serum levels of the endogenous antioxidant bilirubin, was associated with an increased risk of head and neck cancer.