bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Differentiation of Monocytes into Type I IFN-Producing Myeloid Dendritic Cells as an Antiviral Strategy against Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Cao Weiping , Taylor Andrew K. , Biber Renata E. , Davis William G. , Kim Jin Hyang , Reber Adrian J. , Chirkova Tatiana , De La Cruz Juan A. , Pandey Aseem , Ranjan Priya , Katz Jacqueline M. , Gangappa Shivaprakash , Sambhara Suryaprakash 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMyeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) have long been thought to function as classical APCs for T cell responses. However, we demonstrate that influenza viruses induce rapid differentiation of human monocytes into mDCs. Unlike the classic mDCs, the virus-induced mDCs failed to upregulate DC maturation markers and were unable to induce allogeneic lymphoproliferation. Virus-induced mDCs secreted little, if any, proinflammatory cytokines; however, they secreted a substantial amount of chemoattractants for monocytes (MCP-1 and IP-10). Interestingly, the differentiated mDCs secreted type I IFN and upregulated the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (tetherin, IFITM3, and viperin), as well as cytosolic viral RNA sensors (RIG-I and MDA5). Additionally, culture supernatants from virus-induced mDCs suppressed the replication of virus in vitro. Furthermore, depletion of monocytes in a mouse model of influenza infection caused significant reduction of lung mDC numbers, as well as type I IFN production in the lung. Consequently, increased lung virus titer and higher mortality were observed. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the host responds to influenza virus infection by initiating rapid differentiation of circulating monocytes into IFN-producing mDCs, which contribute to innate antiviral immune responses.
V(D)J Recombinase-Mediated TCR β Locus Gene Usage and Coding Joint Processing in Peripheral T Cells during Perinatal and Pediatric Development
Authors: Murray Janet M. , Messier Terri , Rivers Jami , O’Neill J. Patrick , Walker Vernon E. , Vacek Pamela M. , Finette Barry A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe generation of TCR proteins is the result of V(D)J recombinase-mediated genomic rearrangements at recombination signal sequences (RSS) in human lymphocytes. V(D)J recombinase can also mediate rearrangements at nonimmune or “cryptic” RSS in normal and leukemic human peripheral T cells. We previously demonstrated age- and gender-specific developmental differences in V(D)J coding joint processing at cryptic RSS within the HPRT locus in peripheral T cells from healthy children (Murray et al. 2006. J. Immunol. 177: 5393–5404). In this study, we investigated developmentally specific V(D)J recombinase TCRβ immune gene rearrangements and coding joint processing at RSS in peripheral T cells in the same pediatric population. This approach provided a unique opportunity to investigate site-specific V(D)J recombinase rearrangements and coding joint processing at immune and nonimmune genes from the same individual T cell population. We determined the genomic sequence of 244 TCRβ coding junctions from 112 (63 male, 49 female) subjects from the late stages of fetal development through 9 y of age. We observed both age- and gender-specific V(D)J recombinase-mediated TCRβ gene usage and coding joint processing at immune RSS. To the best of our knowledge, these data represent the first description of age- and gender-specific developmental differences in TCR gene usage and coding joint processing that could directly influence TCR diversity and immune specificity. It will be important for future studies to ascertain the mechanistic etiology of these developmental and gender differences in TCR diversity and specificity, as well as their importance with respect to the age and gender risks for infectious and autoimmune diseases in humans.
B Cell Memory to a Serogroup C Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Childhood and Response to Booster: Little Association with Serum IgG Antibody
Authors: Perrett Kirsten P. , Jin Celina , Clutterbuck Elizabeth , John Tessa M. , Winter Amy P. , Kibwana Elizabeth , Yu Ly-Mee , Curtis Nigel , Pollard Andrew J. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The maintenance of adequate serum Ab levels following immunization has been identified as the most important mechanism for individual long-term protection against rapidly invading encapsulated bacteria. The mechanisms for maintaining adequate serum Ab levels and the relationship between Ag-specific memory B cells and Ab at steady state are poorly understood. We measured the frequency of circulating serogroup C meningococcal (MenC)-specific memory B cells in 250 healthy 6- to 12-y-old children 6 y following MenC conjugate vaccine priming, before a booster of a combined Haemophilus influenzae type b–MenC conjugate vaccine and then 1 wk, 1 mo, and 1 y after the booster. We investigated the relationship between circulating MenC-specific memory B cell frequencies and Ab at baseline and following the booster vaccine. We found very low frequencies of circulating MenC-specific memory B cells at steady state in primary school-aged children and little association with MenC IgG Ab levels. Following vaccination, there were robust memory B cell booster responses that, unlike Ab levels, were not dependent on age at priming with MenC. Measurement of B cell memory in peripheral blood does not predict steady state Ab levels nor the capacity to respond to a booster dose of MenC Ag.
Systemic Analysis of PPARγ in Mouse Macrophage Populations Reveals Marked Diversity in Expression with Critical Roles in Resolution of Inflammation and Airway Immunity
Authors: Gautier Emmanuel L. , Chow Andrew , Spanbroek Rainer , Marcelin Genevieve , Greter Melanie , Jakubzick Claudia , Bogunovic Milena , Leboeuf Marylene , van Rooijen Nico , Habenicht Andreas J. , Merad Miriam , Randolph Gwendalyn J. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has anti-inflammatory actions in macrophages, which macrophage populations express PPARγ in vivo and how it regulates tissue homeostasis in the steady state and during inflammation remains unclear. We now show that lung and spleen macrophages selectively expressed PPARγ among resting tissue macrophages. In addition, Ly-6Chi monocytes recruited to an inflammatory site induced PPARγ as they differentiated to macrophages. When PPARγ was absent in Ly-6Chi–derived inflammatory macrophages, initiation of the inflammatory response was unaffected, but full resolution of inflammation failed, leading to chronic leukocyte recruitment. Conversely, PPARγ activation favored resolution of inflammation in a macrophage PPARγ-dependent manner. In the steady state, PPARγ deficiency in red pulp macrophages did not induce overt inflammation in the spleen. By contrast, PPARγ deletion in lung macrophages induced mild pulmonary inflammation at the steady state and surprisingly precipitated mortality upon infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. This accelerated mortality was associated with impaired bacterial clearance and inability to sustain macrophages locally. Overall, we uncovered critical roles for macrophage PPARγ in promoting resolution of inflammation and maintaining functionality in lung macrophages where it plays a pivotal role in supporting pulmonary host defense. In addition, this work identifies specific macrophage populations as potential targets for the anti-inflammatory actions of PPARγ agonists.
Dendritic Cell Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor-3 Regulates Th1–Th2 Polarity in Kidney Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Bajwa Amandeep , Huang Liping , Ye Hong , Dondeti Krishna , Song Steven , Rosin Diane L. , Lynch Kevin R. , Lobo Peter I. , Li Li , Okusa Mark D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are central to innate and adaptive immunity of early kidney ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), and strategies to alter DC function may provide new therapeutic opportunities. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) modulates immunity through binding to its receptors (S1P1–5), and protection from kidney IRI occurs in S1P3-deficient mice. Through a series of experiments we determined that this protective effect was owing in part to differences between S1P3-sufficient and -deficient DCs. Mice lacking S1P3 on bone marrow cells were protected from IRI, and S1P3-deficient DCs displayed an immature phenotype. Wild-type (WT) but not S1P3-deficient DCs injected into mice depleted of DCs prior to kidney IR reconstituted injury. Adoptive transfer (i.e., i.v. injection) of glycolipid (Ag)-loaded WT but not S1P3-deficient DCs into WT mice exacerbated IRI, suggesting that WT but not S1P3-deficient DCs activated NKT cells. Whereas WT DC transfers activated the Th1/IFN-γ pathway, S1P3-deficient DCs activated the Th2/IL-4 pathway, and an IL-4–blocking Ab reversed protection from IRI, supporting the concept that IL-4 mediates the protective effect of S1P3-deficient DCs. Administration of S1P3-deficient DCs 7 d prior to or 3 h after IRI protected mice from IRI and suggests their potential use in cell-based therapy. We conclude that absence of DC S1P3 prevents DC maturation and promotes a Th2/IL-4 response. These findings highlight the importance of DC S1P3 in modulating NKT cell function and IRI and support development of selective S1P3 antagonists for tolerizing DCs for cell-based therapy or for systemic administration for the prevention and treatment of IRI and autoimmune diseases.
Cutting Edge: Lymphoid Tissue Inducer Cells Maintain Memory CD4 T Cells within Secondary Lymphoid Tissue
Authors: Withers David R. , Gaspal Fabrina M. , Mackley Emma C. , Marriott Clare L. , Ross Ewan A. , Desanti Guillaume E. , Roberts Natalie A. , White Andrea J. , Flores-Langarica Adriana , McConnell Fiona M. , Anderson Graham , Lane Peter J. L. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Phylogeny shows that CD4 T cell memory and lymph nodes coevolved in placental mammals. In ontogeny, retinoic acid orphan receptor (ROR)γ-dependent lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells program the development of mammalian lymph nodes. In this study, we show that although primary CD4 T cell expansion is normal in RORγ-deficient mice, the persistence of memory CD4 T cells is RORγ-dependent. Furthermore, using bone marrow chimeric mice we demonstrate that LTi cells are the key RORγ-expressing cell type sufficient for memory CD4 T cell survival in the absence of persistent Ag. This effect was specific for CD4 T cells, as memory CD8 T cells survived equally well in the presence or absence of LTi cells. These data demonstrate a novel role for LTi cells, archetypal members of the innate lymphoid cell family, in supporting memory CD4 T cell survival in vivo.
Internacionalização de empresas: perspectivas teóricas e agenda de pesquisa
Authors: De Souza Eda Castro Lucas , Fenili Renato Ribeiro 
Published: August 2012

O objetivo deste ensaio é identificar e discutir a produção científica sobre internacionalização de empresas para apresentar uma agenda de pesquisa concernente ao tema a partir das direções apontadas no estado da arte dos estudos desse fenômeno. Adicionalmente, este texto busca delinear e caracterizar as perspectivas teóricas que predominam nessa produção. Por meio de revisão da produção acadêmica brasileira e estrangeira sobre internacionalização, publicada no período de janeiro de 2005 a setembro de 2011, foram selecionados 141 artigos, identificando-se a carência de trabalhos que promovessem uma discussão direta sobre a relação entre internacionalização e cultura, especialmente no que concerne às iniciativas brasileiras. A análise dos textos selecionados permitiu uma taxonomia dos estudos em três perspectivas teóricas: econômica, comportamental e cultural. Ao final, e com apoio na análisedos artigos publicados, propõe-se uma agenda de pesquisa a respeito do tema internacionalização de empresas, elaborada a partir das lacunas apontadas no estado da arte dos estudos sobre esse fenômeno.
Wage Subsidies and International Trade: When Does Policy Coordination Pay?
Authors: Braun Sebastian , Spielmann Christian 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
National labour market institutions interact across national boundaries when product markets are global. Labour market policies can thus entail spill-overs, which suggest that there are benefits from international policy coordination. This paper studies the effects of wage subsidies in an international duopoly model with unionized labour markets. The authors document both positive and negative spill-over effects and discuss the benefits and costs from international policy coordination both for the case of symmetric and asymmetric labour market institutions. The results suggest that institutional differences could sign responsible for the slow speed at which labour market policy coordination has progressed so far.
New Perspectives in Cell Delivery Systems for Tissue Regeneration: Natural-derived Injectable Hydrogels
Authors: Munarin Fabiola , Petrini Paola , Bozzini Sabrina , Tanzi Maria Cristina 
Published: August 2012

Natural polymers, because of their biocompatibility, availability, and physico-chemical properties have been the materials of choice for the fabrication of injectable hydrogels for regenerative medicine. In particular, they are appealing materials for delivery systems and provide sustained and controlled release of drugs, proteins, gene, cells, and other active biomolecules immobilized. In this work, the use of hydrogels obtained from natural source polymers as cell delivery systems is discussed. These materials were investigated for the repair of cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, intervertebral disc, neural, and cardiac tissue. Papers from the last ten years were considered, with a particular focus on the advances of the last five years. A critical discussion is centered on new perspectives and challenges in the regeneration of specific tissues, with the aim of highlighting the limits of current systems and possible future advancements.
A Novel Silicon-Based Electrochemical Treatment to Improve Osteointegration of Titanium Implants
Authors: Valle Cinzia Della , Rondelli Gianni , Cigada Alberto , Bianchi Andrea Edoardo , Chiesa Roberto 
Published: August 2012

Background Titanium and its alloy represent the most commonly used biomaterials worldwide designed for bone-contact under-load applications, which often require specific mechanical properties. In particular, a large number of different biomimetic surface treatments have been developed to speed up the osteointegration process, which facilitates a reduction in recovery time. Purpose The aim of this work is to investigate the physical-chemical, mechanical and bioactivity properties of an innovative biomimetic treatment on titanium performed using Anodic Spark Deposition (ASD) electrochemical treatment. Methods The proposed Asd treatment was obtained in an electrochemical solution containing silicon, calcium, phosphorous and sodium followed by an alkali etching. Surface morphology was characterized using SEM and laser profilometry. Chemical and structural composition was assessed by EDS, ICP/OES and XRD analysis. Vickers micro hardness and static contact angle measurements were performed to assess the surface mechanical properties and wettability. Results The proposed anodization treatment was capable of providing a chemical and morphologic modified titanium oxide layer, adherent and characterized by superhydrophilic properties. The microporous morphology was enriched by calcium, silicon, sodium and phosphorous. After incubation in Kokubo's simulated Body Fluid (sBF) the treatment showed very high mineralization potential compared to the reference surfaces, accounting for a deposited hydroxyapatite layer as thick as 12 μm after 14 days of SBF incubation. Conclusions on the basis of the results obtained in this study, we believe that the novel silicon-based ASD biomimetic treatment represents a promising treatment capable of enhancing the osteointegration of titanium for dental and orthopedic applications.
A visualidade dos atlas geográficos escolares brasileiros e a ideologia visual do perspectivismo
Authors: Cazetta Valéria 
Published: August 2012

Abordarei neste texto o emprego de imagens menos codificadas (fotografias comuns, fotografias aéreas oblíquas e verticais e imagens orbitais) que passaram a compor os atlas geográficos escolares publicados a partir da década de 1990. Mas o que estas obras educativas trariam de novo ao empregarem linguagens menos codificadas em sua composição imagética? É importante ressaltar que estas outras imagens, principalmente a fotografia, compuseram antes nossa educação visual, sem mencionar as imagens orbitais oriundas de plataformas virtuais, as quais passaram a ser amplamente inseridas tanto em livros didáticos quanto em atlas geográficos escolares. Assim, qual o papel destas imagens nos atlas? Elas são inseridas para dar visualidade a que temas, mapeados?Palavras-chave: atlas geográficos escolares, educação visual, ensino de geografia DOI: 10.7147/GEO12.3196
Layered H2Ti6O13‐Nanowires: A New Promising Pseudocapacitive Material in Non‐Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Wang Yonggang , Hong Zhensheng , Wei Mingdeng , Xia Yongyao 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLayered H2Ti6O13‐nanowires are prepared using a facile hydrothermal method and their Li‐storage behavior is investigated in non‐aqueous electrolyte. The achieved results demonstrate the pseudocapacitive characteristic of Li‐storage in the layered H2Ti6O13‐nanowires, which is because of the typical nanosize and expanded interlayer space. The as‐prepared H2Ti6O13‐nanowires have a high capacitance of 828 F g−1 within the potential window from 2.0 to 1.0 V (vs. Li/Li+). An asymmetric supercapacitor with high energy density is developed successfully using H2Ti6O13‐nanowires as a negative electrode and ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK‐3) as a positive electrode in organic electrolyte. The asymmetric supercapacitor can be cycled reversibly in the voltage range of 1 to 3.5 V and exhibits maximum energy density of 90 Wh kg−1, which is calculated based on the mass of electrode active materials. This achieved energy density is much higher than previous reports. Additionally, H2Ti6O13//CMK‐3 asymmetric supercapacitor displays the highest average power density of 11 000 W kg−1. These results indicate that the H2Ti6O13//CMK‐3 asymmetric supercapacitor should be a promising device for fast energy storage.
Protein Rebinding to a Surface‐Confined Imprint
Authors: Dechtrirat Decha , Jetzschmann Katharina J. , Stöcklein Walter F. M. , Scheller Frieder W. , Gajovic‐Eichelmann Nenad 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA novel strategy to prepare a selective ultrathin molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film directly on the gold‐based transducer surface for the peptide and protein detection in aqueous solution is demonstrated using a combination of epitope‐ and electrochemical surface imprinting approach. The synthetic peptide derived from the surface‐exposed C‐terminus of cytochrome c (Cyt c, residues 96–104) is selected as the template for the imprinting. It is labeled with a fluorescent dye in order to quantitatively evaluate all stages of the imprinting process in terms of changes in mean fluorescence intensity. The labeled peptide template is first chemisorbed on the gold surface as an oriented submonolayer through an additional C‐terminal cysteine. After electropolymerization, the template is stripped off electrochemically. To allow the imprinted sites to be confined to the surface, the film thickness is controlled to be comparable to the thickness of the peptide layer. This is achieved by the electropolymerization of scopoletin. Recognition capabilities of the films are characterized and the resulting MIP film is able to selectively capture the template peptide and the corresponding target protein. In case of the peptide recognition, the MIP film can discriminate even the single amino acid mismatched sequences of the target peptide.
The differences and correlations of BCR‐ABL transcripts between peripheral blood and bone marrow assays are associated with the molecular responses in the bone marrow for chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Jiang Qian , Zhao Xiang‐Yu , Qin Ya‐Zhen , Liu Yan‐Rong , Lai Yue‐Yun , Jiang Bin , Huang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPrevious studies concerning BCR‐ABL mRNA levels by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR (Q‐PCR) for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) have shown a significant concordance between peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) assays. The objective of this study was to determine whether molecular monitoring using PB was comparable to using BM for CML. A comparative study was performed that analyzed the Q‐PCR results of 712 simultaneous PB and BM samples from 330 patients before and during imatinib therapy. For the 78 paired pretreatment samples, the level of BCR‐ABL mRNA in PB was lower than that in BM (P = 0.007). Although the overall amounts of BCR‐ABL mRNA in the PB and BM were comparable (P= 0.072) and there was a strong correlation (r = 0.839, P < 0.001) with the 634 paired on‐treatment samples, the depth of the molecular response in PB was lower than that in BM (P < 0.001). The level of BCR‐ABL mRNA in PB was lower than that in BM where the BM BCR‐ABL mRNA < 1 log reduction (P < 0.001) or ≥ 1–< 2 log‐reductions (P = 0.008) from the baseline, and higher than that where the BM BCR‐ABL mRNA ≥ 2 log‐reductions (P < 0.001). A strong correlation (r = 0.811, P < 0.001) was only found where the BM BCR‐ABL mRNA < 1 log reduction. We conclude that the differences and correlations of BCR‐ABL mRNA between PB and BM assays depend on the depth of the molecular response in BM for CML during imatinib therapy. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Olfactory outcomes following endoscopic pituitary surgery with or without septal flap reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tam Samantha , Duggal Neil , Rotenberg Brian W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative hyposmia and anosmia is an often overlooked complication of endoscopic pituitary surgery. Septal flaps have been utilized as a strategy for repairing and preventing postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. The olfactory impact of raising this flap for sellar reconstruction and CSF repair needs qualitative assessment. This study aims to ascertain the effect of the Hadad‐Bassagasteguy (HB) flap on olfaction in endoscopic pituitary surgery.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, patients undergoing pituitary surgery underwent computerized randomization. Those in Group 1 all had HB flaps raised and placed for sellar floor defects. Those in Group 2 underwent reconstruction with synthetic or nonautologous materials. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was administered preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Results were analyzed using nonparametric tests.ResultsTwenty subjects were enrolled, 10 in each group. Eight subjects in Group 1 vs 3 in Group 2 had intraoperative CSF leak. All were repaired intraoperatively and none required additional intervention. Preoperatively, UPSIT scores were not significantly different between groups (p = 0.62). Preoperative vs postoperative comparisons were significant for a decrease in scores in both groups postoperatively (Group 1, p < 0.001; Group 2, p < 0.001). Those undergoing HB flap reconstruction had significantly worse scores postoperatively (p = 0.001).ConclusionEndoscopic pituitary surgery results in decreased olfaction with or without deploying a septal flap. However, use of the HB flap for reconstruction can worsen hyposmia at least 6 months after surgery. Olfaction should be considered when use of the HB flap is planned. © 2013 ARS–AAOA, LLC.