bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual morphology of male Sepsis cynipsea (Diptera: Sepsidae): lack of support for lock-and-key and sexually antagonistic morphological coevolution hypotheses
Authors: Eberhard William G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTraits that function in male–female sexual interactions tend to diverge rapidly compared with other traits. Several hypotheses attempt to explain this evolutionary pattern. Predictions of two of these hypotheses, lock-and-key and sexually antagonistic morphological co-evolution, were tested by examining how two sets of species-specific male structures fit with female structures during courtship and copulation in the fly Sepsis cynipsea (L., 1758). Contrary to predictions of both hypotheses, neither the species-specific modifications of the male's front legs nor those of his genitalic surstyli were matched by modifications of the female structures with which they meshed (wing bases, 6th abdominal sternite); males damaged small patches of microtrichia on the female's wings with their legs, but the morphology of the female's wings and abdomen showed no sign of the defensive designs expected under antagonistic morphological co-evolution. Data regarding the alternative hypothesis of sexually antagonistic behavioral co-evolution by females in response to male morphology were less conclusive, but this hypothesis failed to explain the sustained, apparently stimulatory rhythmic squeezing by the male genitalia and the lack of female defensive responses to this squeezing. These movements of the male surstyli during copulation suggest that they function to stimulate the female. The wing base of the female has apparent sense organs near the sites contacted by the male, as expected under the alternative hypothesis of traditional female choice to explain rapid divergent evolution. The male's genitalic surstyli were also used in novel precopulatory interactions. A pair of previously undescribed processes at the bases of the surstyli probably grasp and may also rhythmically squeeze the female during copulation.
Disruption of red turpentine beetle attraction to baited traps by the addition of California fivespined ips pheromone components
Authors: Fettig Christopher J. , Borys Robert R. , Dabney Christopher P. , McKelvey Stephen R. , Cluck Daniel R. , Smith Sherl L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe red turpentine beetle,Dendroctonus valensLeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is a common bark beetle species found throughout much of North America. In California,D.valensand the California fivespined ips,Ips paraconfususLanier (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), are sympatric and often colonize the same tree. In an unrelated study, we observed thatI.paraconfususattack densities in logging debris were inversely related toD.valensattacks on freshly cut stumps. In this study, we test the hypothesis that allomonal inhibition occurs between these two species. Components of the aggregation pheromone ofI.paraconfusus(racemic ipsenol, (+)-ipsdienol, and (–)-cis-verbenol) inhibited the response ofD.valensto attractant-baited traps. Substitution of racemic ipsdienol for (+)-ipsdienol did not alter this effect. Doubling the release rate did not enhance inhibition. Racemic ipsdienol was not attractive toI.paraconfusus.Temnochila chlorodia(Mannerheim, 1843) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), a common bark beetle predator, was attracted to theI.paraconfususaggregation pheromone. These results could have important implications for the development of an effective semiochemical-based management tool forD.valens.
Occurrence of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and its parasitoid, Macroglenes penetrans (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae), in northeastern Montana
Authors: Shanower Thomas G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), is an infrequent but devastating pest that has been present in western North America for at least 100 years. This note provides the first published report of the presence of the wheat midge and its parasitoid, Macroglenes penetrans (Kirby), in Montana. Annual surveys were conducted in Daniels, Roosevelt, Sheridan, and Valley counties of northeastern Montana for 5 years (2000–2004) using a systematic soil sampling method to collect overwintering wheat midge larvae. In addition, in 2004, infested wheat heads were collected from 10 fields in Sheridan County, and wheat midges and parasitoids were reared. The wheat midge occurred in all four counties, though at relatively low levels. Densities fluctuated across years and locations, with the highest densities (>200 midge larvae/m2) occurring in Sheridan and Roosevelt counties. Macroglenes penetrans was found at all 10 sample sites and constituted up to 52% of the emerged adults (midges + parasitoids).
Cameraria gaultheriella and C. lobatiella attracted in Canada to (E,Z)-8,10-tetradecadienal, the sex pheromone of the European C. ohridella
Authors: Szöcs Gábor , Otvos Imre S. , Schiller Andrea J. , Bergmann Jan , Francke Wittko 
Published: April 2009

AbstractField trapping trials showed that Cameraria gaultheriella Walsingham and C. lobatiella Opler and Davis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were attracted in significant numbers in British Columbia, Canada, to sticky traps baited with 10 µg of (E,Z)-8,10-tetradecadienal (E8Z10-14Ald), the sex pheromone of the European horse chestnut leafminer, C. ohridella Deschka and Dimic. There was perfect specificity in captures at habitats located only about 8 km apart from each other: C. gaultheriella was captured exclusively at a humid habitat covered by the shrub salal, Gaultheria shallon Pursh (Ericaceae), whereas C. lobatiella was trapped at an arid location with Garry oak trees, Quercus garryana Dougl. (Fagaceae). Seasonal flight patterns of these two Canadian Cameraria species, as monitored by pheromone traps, indicated differences in their respective flight periods. The possibility of additional cryptic components in the respective pheromones of these three Cameraria species attracted to E8Z10-14Ald is discussed.
Review ofOxypodaspecies in Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae): systematics, bionomics, and distribution
Authors: Klimaszewski Jan , Pelletier Georges , Germain Carole , Work Timothy , Hébert Christian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA review of the rove beetle species of the genusOxypodaMannerheim from Canada and Alaska is presented. Thirty-seven species are treated, of which 4 have uncertain status, 6 are described as new to science, 8 (excluding new species) represent new distribution records for Canada, 17 (excluding new species) represent new province or territory records, 7 represent new state records, and 15 are newly synonymized. New species areOxypoda canadensisKlimaszewski,sp. nov.,O. chantaliKlimaszewski,sp. nov.,O. longicarinataKlimaszewski,sp. nov.,O. smithiKlimaszewski,sp. nov.,O. vockerothiKlimaszewski,sp. nov., andO. volkeriKlimaszewski,sp. nov.New country records areO. brachyptera(Stephens),O. gatosensisBernhauer,O. gnaraCasey,O. inimicaCasey,O. orbicollisCasey,O. opaca(Gravenhorst),O. opertaSjöberg, andO. perexilisCasey. New synonyms areO. amicaCasey (=O. chillcottiLohsesyn. nov.),O. convergensCasey (=O. iowensisCaseysyn. nov.,O. profectaCaseysyn. nov.),O. dubiaFenyes (=O. teneraBernhauersyn. nov.),O. lucidulaCasey (=O. parafunebrisLohsesyn. nov.),O. manitobaeCasey (=O. lataLohsesyn. nov.),O. mimeticaCasey (=O. truncatellaCasey,O. virginicaCasey,O. canoraCasey,O. latebricolaCaseysyn. nov.),O. perexilisCasey (=O. affectaCasey,O. croceolaCasey,O. molliculaCasey,O. tenuicolaCaseysyn. nov.), andO. subpolarisCasey (=O. hemingiLohsesyn. nov.). The Canadian and AlaskanOxypodaspecies are classified into 14 new species groups reflecting their presumed relationships. All treated species are illustrated, and distribution maps are included. New data on bionomics, distribution, and relationships are presented.Hylota ochraceaCasey is removed fromOxypodaand reinstated to its original combination.
Monitoring and detection of the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Hallett Rebecca H. , Goodfellow Sheila A. , Heal James D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn 2002, two types of light traps were compared against sticky yellow cards for efficiency and selectivity in capturing adult swede midge Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Incandescent light traps were more efficient at capturing swede midge than were sticky traps. Incandescent light traps were more selective than blacklight traps and required less time for processing of samples and identification of captured midges. Emergence (2003 and 2004) and pheromone (2004) traps were used to assess swede midge population dynamics. Captures from emergence traps indicate up to five overlapping emergence events for swede midge each year. Emergence traps captured swede midge earlier in the season than pheromone traps, but pheromone-trap captures continued later in the season than those in emergence traps. Pheromone traps are small and portable, easy to maintain, and capture significantly more swede midge than emergence traps.
Flies (Diptera) as pollinators of two dioecious plants: behaviour and implications for plant mating
Authors: Borkent Christopher J. , Harder Lawrence D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe consider the role of generalist Diptera in the pollination of two dioecious plant species, Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. (Ranunculaceae) and Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. (Elaeagnaceae). In particular, we assess (i) whether or not generalist pollinators are unable to distinguish between the sexes of dioecious species and so visit the sexes at equivalent rates, and (ii) the number of flowers that generalist flies visit and revisit during a foraging bout, which would affect self-pollination if plants were hermaphroditic. We determined the visitation rate to each plant species during 10 min periods and recorded the number of flowers that individual pollinators visited and revisited per foraging bout. Diptera were the main pollinators, visiting both sexes at similar rates for both plant species. The main visitors to C. ligusticifolia were muscoid flies (small and large), Culicidae, and halictid bees. The number of flowers visited in this species varied with pollinator group, but groups did not differ in the frequency of revisits. Visitors to S. canadensis were primarily Syrphidae and Empididae. Neither the number of flowers visited nor the number of revisits differed between these two pollinator groups. The results for each plant species are discussed and contrasted, particularly with other studies of the behaviour of generalist and specialist pollinators. We compare the observed pollinator behaviours, and their implications for plant mating, with the various theories of the role of pollinators in the evolution of the dioecious breeding system in plants.
Two newAthetaspecies (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from eastern Canada: taxonomy, bionomics, and distribution
Authors: Klimaszewski Jan , Majka Christopher G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo new athetine beetles from eastern Canada are described and illustrated:Atheta(Metadimetrota)savardaeKlimaszewski and Majka,sp. nov.(Nova Scotia, Quebec) andAtheta(Datomicra)acadiensisKlimaszewski and Majka,sp. nov.(Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec). Their relationships to other closely related species are discussed, and new data on bionomics and distribution are provided. The new species are presented with a short diagnosis, description, colour habitus images, and black-and-white genital images.
Life cycle and behaviour of the aquatic fireflyLuciola leii(Coleoptera: Lampyridae) from Mainland China
Authors: Fu Xinhua , Nobuyoshi Ohba , Vencl Fredric V. , Lei Chaoliang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe aquatic larvae of the fireflyLuciola leiiFu and Ballantyne occur on the substrate of rice fields and ditches in Hubei Province of central China. The behaviour and ecology ofL. leiiare described. We recordedL. leiilarvae attacking four species of aquatic snails:Lymnaea stagnalis(L.) (Basommatophora: Lymnaeidae),Gyraulus convexiusculus(Hutton) (Basommatophora: Planorbidae),Radix auricularia(L.) (Lymnaeidae), andBellamya purificataHeude (Mesogastropoda: Viviparidae). At dusk, flying males produced two types of advertising flashes. One type consisted of a train of 8 rapid, green flashes followed by 2–3 slow, prolonged flashes produced by patrolling males as a long-distance signal. The duration of flashes in the patrolling pattern was 530 ms and the interflash interval was 80 ms. The other type was a short-range signal consisting of a green glow, which was emitted by flying males that had located a female. Once a female had been located, the male landed and switched to a courting pattern. The male courtship pattern consisted of single flashes of about 400 ms duration, delivered every 1.8 s. Females produced single answering flashes of 910 ms duration, with a latency of approximately 630 ms after the male flash.Luciola leiiwas univoltine. Females oviposited 1 to 7 times (mean = 4.78). Females laid, on average, 187.19 eggs. The eggs hatched at 21.52 days. Eggs became luminescent 4 or 5 days before hatching. The larval stage had six instars. Mature larvae climbed onto land to construct pupal cells at the end of April of the next year. The pupal stage lasted, on average, 4.88 days. The imago lasted 10.13 days. No predators of larvae were observed. The spiderTetragnatha praedoniaKoch (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) was frequently observed to capture adult male fireflies in its web.
Morphology ofLaricobius nigrinus(Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid
Authors: Zilahi-Balogh G.M.G. , Humble L.M. , Kok L.T. , Salom S.M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLaricobius nigrinusFender, native to western North America, was first released in 2003 for the biological control of the hemlock woolly adelgid,Adelges tsugaeAnnand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in the eastern United States. Members of the genusLaricobiusare known to feed on adelgids, but there is a lack of detailed taxonomic and ecological information on this group of insects. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of various life stages ofL. nigrinusare presented in this study, accompanied by notes on its life history to facilitate its recognition.
Insect adaptations to cold and changing environments
Authors: Danks H.V. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA review of insect adaptations for resistance to cold and for life-cycle timing reveals the complexity of the adaptations and their relationships to features of the environment. Cold hardiness is a complex and dynamic state that differs widely among species. Surviving cold depends on habitat choice, relationships with ice and water, and synthesis of a variety of cryoprotectant molecules. Many aspects are time-dependent and are integrated with other factors such as taxonomic affinity, resource availability, natural enemies, and diapause. Timing adaptations reflect the fact that all environments change over many different time frames, from days to thousands of years. Environments differ in severity and in the extent, nature, variability, and predictability of change, as well as in how reliably cues indicate probable conditions in the future. These differences are reflected by a wide range of insect life-cycle systems, life-cycle delays, levels of responsiveness to various environmental signals, genetic systems, and circadian responses. In particular, the degree of environmental change, its predictability on different time frames, and whether it can be monitored effectively dictate the balance between fixed and flexible timing responses. These same environmental features have to be characterized to understand cold hardiness, but this has not yet been done. Therefore, the following key questions must be answered in order to put cold hardiness into the necessary ecological context: How much do conditions change? How consistent is the change? How reliable are environmental signals?
Diet of Dinocras cephalotes and Perla marginata (Plecoptera: Perlidae) in an Apennine stream (northwestern Italy)
Authors: Bo Tiziano , Fenoglio Stefano , Malacarne Giorgio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe feeding habits of nymphs of Perla marginata (Panzer) and Dinocras cephalotes (Curtis) were investigated in the Rio Orbarina (northwestern Italy). These species are among the largest European carnivorous freshwater invertebrates and they play an important role in the trophic structure of small, fishless Apennine streams. We examined the gut contents of 60 P. marginata and 60 D. cephalotes nymphs to characterize the diets and evaluate possible feeding differences between the species. In both of these predaceous stoneflies, the diet included vegetable detritus, mainly in the smaller instars. Both species showed trophic preferences, since only a few taxa constituted most of the ingested prey items, independently of their availability in the substratum. Interestingly, there were no clear differences in prey selection between nymphs of the two species.
Host abundance of crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) and their role as phoronts of Acari (Arachnida) inhabiting fungal sporophores
Authors: Sueyoshi Masahiro , Okabe Kimiko , Nakamura Takeyuki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe examined host abundance of limoniid flies between Agaricales (gill mushrooms) and Aphyllophorales (non-gilled fungi) and the importance of these flies as phoronts of mites inhabiting these fungal orders. Fungal sporophores were collected around transects established in five different-aged (13 to more than 100 years) forest stands from spring to fall in temperate forests of Japan. Limoniid flies and mites were collected from sporophores during transect sampling and reared from sporophores in the laboratory. All 11 limoniid species reared from sporophores used Aphyllophorales and six of these limoniid species also used Agaricales as their hosts. The total number of limoniid flies reared from Aphyllophorales was approximately seven times that reared from Agaricales. Eight of 15 Aphyllophorales species yielded multiple limoniid species. We conclude that Aphyllophorales are more important as hosts for fungivorous limoniid flies than Agaricales. Even a single fungal species can support more than one limoniid or mite species. One or two limoniid species are phoronts for one to three mite species inhabiting sporophores of Agaricales and Aphyllophorales. These flies have an important role as phoronts for some mite genera inhabiting fungal sporophores.
A new species of Capis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Québec, Canada
Authors: Handfield Louis , Handfield Daniel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCapis archaiasp. nov., a new species of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera), is described from Québec, Canada. The species is included in the genus Capis Grote, 1882, a trifid genus in the subfamily Eustrotiinae. Adults and genitalia of this species are described and illustrated, as are those of Capis curvata Grote, 1882.
Survival of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on wheat (Poaceae) with antibiosis resistance: implication for the evolution of virulence
Authors: Smith M.A.H. , Wise I.L. , Lamb R.J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSmall numbers of larval wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin, survived and matured in each of five field seasons in a plot of spring wheat carrying the Sm1 gene for antibiosis resistance against this insect. Wheat midge developing on resistant wheat had higher survival in the laboratory than in the field, but survival was always very low compared with that of larvae developing on susceptible wheat. The mass of these larvae and their survival during diapause were approximately half those of larvae developing on susceptible wheat in both the laboratory and the field. The survival of some wheat midge larvae on resistant wheat, and their reduced mass, is consistent with the hypothesis that a virulence allele allowing adaptation to Sm1 is present in the population. Assuming this to be the case, the frequency of the allele in the population was estimated to be between 0.8 × 10−4 and 1.6 × 10−2, if surviving larvae are heterozygous for the allele. Although rare, a virulence allele occurring at this frequency would likely allow the wheat midge to overcome the resistance gene Sm1 once resistant wheat is grown over a wide area.
Manipulating pollen supply in honey bee colonies during the fall does not affect the performance of winter bees
Authors: Mattila Heather R. , Otis Gard W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEach fall, honey bee (Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) colonies in northern temperate regions rear a population of long-lived winter bees that maintains a broodless nest throughout the winter and resumes brood-rearing activities in the spring. Pollen supply in colonies is closely tied to this phenomenon; winter bees sequester large reservoirs of pollen-derived nutrients in their bodies and the brood-rearing capacity of colonies is dictated by the availability of pollen. We determined the effects of manipulating pollen supply during the fall on the number of winter bees present in colonies by spring, their mass and protein content before and after winter, and their capacity to rear brood during the spring. Colonies were either supplemented with or partially deprived of pollen during the fall, while a third group of colonies was not manipulated (control). We found that the performance of winter bees was not enhanced by supplementing colonies with pollen in the fall, nor did worker function suffer if pollen supply was restricted. Similar numbers of winter bees survived to spring in colonies and workers had similar physiology and brood-rearing efficiencies. These results suggest that beekeepers would not benefit by investing in fall pollen supplements to maximize colony growth in early spring.
External rostral characters for differentiation of sexes in the biological control agent Mecinus janthinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Schat Marjolein , Sing Sharlene E. , Peterson Robert K.D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe stem-boring weevil, Mecinus janthinus (Germar), is a promising, well established classical biological control agent for the exotic invasive weed Dalmatian toadflax (Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill.) (Scrophulariaceae). In this paper we present readily apparent rostral characters that can be used for sex differentiation of live stem-boring weevils at low magnification. These characters can be used by workers with little training to accurately sex weevils and can be used to rapidly determine sex ratios of field populations to improve timing of collection for redistribution.
Evidence of sexual attraction by pheromone in the cedar web-spinning sawfly
Authors: Nemer Nabil , Kawar Nasri S. , Kfoury Linda , Frerot Brigitte 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe cedar web-spinning sawfly, Cephalcia tannourinensis Chevin (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae), is a pest that has been causing serious damage to cedar (Cedrus libani) forests in Lebanon since 1990. The existence of a sex pheromone was shown in field experiments in a cedar forest in Lebanon and in laboratory tests in olfactometers with and without airflow. More males were caught in traps baited either with virgin females or with a hexane extract of the whole female body than in traps baited either with males alone or with mixed males and females. Male and female C. tannourinensis were active during the day. Mating and pheromone production were observed to occur during midday hours (1000–1400) in the field and under laboratory conditions. Olfactometer tests with extracts prepared from different body parts of the female indicated that the pheromone is produced in the abdominal region, and tests with different dilutions of female extract showed that the male response is dose-dependent.