bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informing the recruitment crisis in policing: Evaluating which incentives can entice the best candidates among college students
Authors: Santos Mateus R. , Jaynes Chae M. , Thomas Danielle M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryScrutiny over the quality of police work continues to increase, at the same time that a recruitment crisis may hinder policing services. Moreover, this crisis exists despite numerous work incentives for officers, which are potentially competitive salaries, early pensions, and legal protections. Using a sample of 604 undergraduate students—a natural recruiting pool for police agencies—this study explores the predictors of students’ interest in a career in policing. In addition, we conducted a randomized survey experiment to identify the effect of work incentives on students’ willingness to apply to be a police officer upon graduation. Specifically, we manipulated the starting salary, years of service until pension eligibility, and the protection afforded against lawsuits. Finally, we tested whether the effect of these incentives differs across the quality of applicants (i.e., grade point average [GPA], ability to pass existing application criteria, and subjective qualities that comprise honesty, teamwork, and compassion) and their preexisting interest in a career in policing. We found that students are generally uninterested in becoming police officers, particularly when their GPA is high. Though the starting salary was the most impactful of all incentives, some lawsuit protection is key for enticing the best students. In contrast, conditions for pension had only modest if any effects.Policy ImplicationsRecruiting is key to improving the quality of policing, particularly when many potential candidates are overlooking the career. However, research on the causes and consequences of police recruitment strategies is limited. This study implements rigorous research methods to investigate how to increase the pool of high‐quality applicants to police agencies. Findings support sensible and potentially cost‐effective policy decisions in regard to police recruiting, which should focus on increasing the starting salary, and on more effectively communicating the value of other existing benefits of the career that comprise lawsuit protection and attractive pension plans.
The impact of alcohol on affiliative verbal behavior: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Goodwin Madeline E. , Sayette Michael A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundLanguage is a fundamental aspect of human social behavior that is linked to many rewarding social experiences, such as social bonding. Potential effects of alcohol on affiliative language may therefore be an essential feature of alcohol reward and may elucidate pathways through which alcohol is linked to social facilitation. Examinations of alcohol's impact on language content, however, are sparse. Accordingly, this investigation represents the first systematic review and meta‐analysis of alcohol's effects on affiliative language. We test the hypothesis that alcohol increases affiliative verbal approach behaviors and discuss future research directions.MethodsPsycInfo and Web of Science were systematically searched in March 2023 according to our preregistered plan. Eligible studies included social alcohol administration experiments in which affiliative verbal language was assessed. We present a random‐effects meta‐analysis that examines the effect of alcohol compared to control on measures of affiliative verbal behavior.ResultsOur search identified 16 distinct investigations (comprising 961 participants) that examined the effect of alcohol on affiliative verbal behavior. Studies varied greatly in methods and measures. Meta‐analytic results demonstrated that alcohol is modestly associated with increases in affiliative verbal behavior (Hedges' g = 0.164, 95% CI [0.027, 0.301], p = 0.019). Study quality was rated using an adapted version of the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies and did not significantly moderate alcohol's effects.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence that alcohol can increase affiliative verbal behaviors. This effect may be an important feature of alcohol reward. Given heterogeneity in study features, low study quality ratings, and limited reporting of effect size data, results simultaneously highlight the promise of this research area and the need for more work. Advances in language processing methodologies that could allow future work to systematically expand upon this finding are discussed.
KRT5 in‐frame deletion in a family of German Shepherd dogs with split paw pad disease resembling localized epidermolysis bullosa simplex in human patients
Authors: Rietmann Stefan J. , Lange Anja , Soto Sara , Thom Nina , Manz Eberhard , Jagannathan Vidhya , Mayer Ursula , Leeb Tosso 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSplit paw pad disease is a scarcely defined phenotype characterized by skin lesions on the paw pads of dogs. We studied a family of German Shepherd dogs, in which four dogs developed intermittent paw pad lesions and lameness. The paw pads of two of the affected dogs were biopsied and demonstrated cleft formation in the stratum spinosum and stratum corneum, the outermost layers of the epidermis. Whole genome sequencing data from an affected dog revealed a private heterozygous 18 bp in frame deletion in the KRT5 gene. The deletion NM_001346035.1:c.988_1005del or NP_001332964.1:p.(Asn330_Asp335del) is predicted to lead to a loss of six amino acids in the L12 linker domain of the encoded keratin 5. KRT5 variants in human patients lead to various subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS). Localized EBS is the mildest of the KRT5‐related human diseases and may be caused by variants affecting the L12 linker domain of keratin 5. We therefore think that the detected KRT5 deletion in dogs represents a candidate causal variant for the observed skin lesions in dogs. However, while the clinical phenotype of KRT5‐mutant dogs of this study closely resembles human patients with localized EBS, there are differences in the histopathology. EBS is defined by cleft formation within the basal layer of the epidermis while the cleft formation in the dogs described herein occurred in the outermost layers, a hallmark of split paw pad disease. Our study provides a basis for further studies into the exact relation of split paw pad disease and EBS.
Eco‐anxiety: Towards a medical model and the new framework of ecolalgia
Authors: Christodoulou Nausicaa , Laaidi Karine , Geoffroy Pierre A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn the context of global warming, new terms emerged in the global media and in the psychology field to embody the negative feelings which come along with climate change such as ‘eco‐anxiety’ or ‘solastalgia’. The pathological character of these emotions is denied although medical opinion is often required for helping people to handle them. Also, no proper medical framework in the field exists to study and care for these patients.MethodsIn this narrative review, we aim to (1) analyse the concept of eco‐anxiety by focusing on its history and developed concepts, (2) summarize the different scales built to assess eco‐anxiety and (3) propose a new medical framework.ResultsWe came out with a framework based on the transformation of a physiological adaptative behaviour the ‘eco‐distress’. It is composed of three dimensions: eco‐anger, eco‐grief and eco‐worry, it is not debilitating in daily life and promotes coping strategies such as management of negative emotions and pro‐environmental behaviours (PEB). It can transform itself into a pathological state, the ‘ecolalgia’, composed of two core dimensions: eco‐anxiety and eco‐depression, leading to functional impairment and decrease in PEB. If ecolalgia maintains over 15 days, we propose to consider it as a full psychiatric disorder needing medical advice.ConclusionThis new framework enables a novel approach that is necessary for the improved management of mental health issues related to climate change.
Licence Loss: Revocations of Residential Care Licences in Four Nordic Countries
Authors: Pålsson David , Backe‐Hansen Elisabeth , Gundersen Tonje , Kalliomaa‐Puha Laura , Lausten Mette , Pösö Tarja 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTWith placement in residential care, society assumes overall responsibility for a child's daily care, well‐being and development. How public authorities respond to poor care quality is of crucial importance. To guarantee quality care and minimise risks, welfare states increasingly develop different mechanisms and systems to supervise out‐of‐home care. In this article, we analyse how central inspectorates in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden deal with what can be conceived as the last supervisory measure, namely, the revocation of licences. The aim is to describe and analyse how frequently and why national inspectorates in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden withdraw residential care licences. The findings are based on an analysis of all available documented reports on revocation decisions between 2017 and 2021. The findings reveal that, between 2017 and 2021, there were 53 licence suspensions or revocations across the four countries, albeit with variations among the nations. Furthermore, the study shows that residential care units (RCUs) generally have a documented history of interactions with inspectorates. Revocation decisions were often attributed to several reasons, with safety, staff‐related concerns and documentation deficiencies being the primary factors. The findings are discussed based on concepts and theory on regulation and supervision.
Coworking spaces and workplaces of the future: Critical perspectives on community, context and change
Authors: Johns Jennifer , Yates Edward , Charnock Greig , Pitts Frederick Harry , Bozkurt Ödül , Ozdemir Kaya Didem Derya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe last decade has witnessed increased demand by employers and workers for greater flexibility, especially regarding remote and hybrid work. There has therefore been a substantial increase in academic interest in coworking, including within business and management studies. We conduct a systematic literature review of research on coworking and coworking spaces (CWS) to argue this field is now sufficiently developed to merit recognition as an important element of discussion surrounding workplaces of the future. We outline the core themes in coworking research and identify three key research weaknesses relating to common understandings of community, context and change. The article then advances a future research agenda based on two avenues of enquiry. First, greater attention needs to be paid to the value propositions of CWS as businesses. Second, the concept of embeddedness should be used to better understand CWS in their local and national contexts, and we argue for a broader, place‐based analytical focus on CWS. We present two possible future scenarios for CWS, based on opposing forces of homogenisation and differentiation, and we outline their relevance for further debate surrounding workplaces of the future.
Retail motor gasoline prices and the interest rate on mortgage loans
Authors: Gill Balbinder Singh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA significant negative relationship exists between the price of retail motor gasoline and the interest rate on mortgage loans. Prospective homeowners avoid purchasing a mortgage‐financed home in areas where gasoline prices are rising to avoid endangering their future mortgage payments due to the greater cost of motor fuel consumption. The passage of government regulations and incentives aimed at increasing either the demand for or supply of alternative fuels, lowering the cost for gasoline customers to switch to alternative fuels, lessens the negative impact of gasoline prices on the cost of mortgage credit. Public transit mitigates the negative gasoline price impact.
Microbial life‐history strategies mediate microbial carbon pump efficacy in response to N management depending on stoichiometry of microbial demand
Authors: Yang Liyang , Canarini Alberto , Zhang Wushuai , Lang Ming , Chen Yuanxue , Cui Zhenling , Kuzyakov Yakov , Richter Andreas , Chen Xinping , Zhang Fusuo , Tian Jing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe soil microbial carbon pump (MCP) is increasingly acknowledged as being directly linked to soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and stability. Given the close coupling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and the constraints imposed by their stoichiometry on microbial growth, N addition might affect microbial growth strategies with potential consequences for necromass formation and carbon stability. However, this topic remains largely unexplored. Based on two multi‐level N fertilizer experiments over 10 years in two soils with contrasting soil fertility located in the North (Cambisol, carbon‐poor) and Southwest (Luvisol, carbon‐rich), we hypothesized that different resource demands of microorganism elicit a trade‐off in microbial growth potential (Y‐strategy) and resource‐acquisition (A‐strategy) in response to N addition, and consequently on necromass formation and soil carbon stability. We combined measurements of necromass metrics (MCP efficacy) and soil carbon stability (chemical composition and mineral associated organic carbon) with potential changes in microbial life history strategies (assessed via soil metagenomes and enzymatic activity analyses). The contribution of microbial necromass to SOC decreased with N addition in the Cambisol, but increased in the Luvisol. Soil microbial life strategies displayed two distinct responses in two soils after N amendment: shift toward A‐strategy (Cambisol) or Y‐strategy (Luvisol). These divergent responses are owing to the stoichiometric imbalance between microbial demands and resource availability for C and N, which presented very distinct patterns in the two soils. The partial correlation analysis further confirmed that high N addition aggravated stoichiometric carbon demand, shifting the microbial community strategy toward resource‐acquisition which reduced carbon stability in Cambisol. In contrast, the microbial Y‐strategy had the positive direct effect on MCP efficacy in Luvisol, which greatly enhanced carbon stability. Such findings provide mechanistic insights into the stoichiometric regulation of MCP efficacy, and how this is mediated by site‐specific trade‐offs in microbial life strategies, which contribute to improving our comprehension of soil microbial C sequestration and potential optimization of agricultural N management.
Polymorphisms of HLA genes and hypersensitivity to penicillin among patients in a Taiwanese population
Authors: Wang Chih‐Chun , Chen I‐Chieh , Lin Guan‐Cheng , Chen Yi‐Ming , Shen Ching‐Hui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPenicillin allergy is a potentially life‐threatening condition that is common among patients. However, the genetic associations with penicillin allergy are not yet recognized for prevention or diagnosis, particularly in East Asian populations. We conducted a retrospective case–control study using data from the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative and analysing DNA samples to identify eight major MHC Class I and Class II loci. We employed imputation methods for accurate HLA typing and enrolled 17,827 individuals who received penicillin. Logistic regression analyses were utilized to explore associations between HLA genotypes, comorbidities and allergy risk, while simultaneously conducting a subgroup analysis to explore the association between HLA genotypes, comorbidities and the severity of allergic reactions. Our study assigned 496 cases to the penicillin allergy group and 4960 controls to a matched group. The risk of penicillin allergy was significantly higher with HLA‐DPB1*05:01 (OR = 1.36, p = .004) and HLA‐DQB1*05:01 (OR = 1.54, p = .03), with adjusted p‐values of .032 and .24, respectively. Urticaria was identified as a separate risk factor (OR = 1.73, p < .001). However, neither the HLA alleles nor the comorbidities had a significant relationship with the risk of severe penicillin‐induced allergy. HLA‐DPB1*05:01 was found to be significantly associated with penicillin allergy reactions among the Taiwanese population.
Peer support in intensive care unit follow‐up: A qualitative evaluation
Authors: Glæemose Anne Okkels , Hanifa Ann Louise Bødker , Haslund‐Thomsen Helle 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients formerly admitted to an intensive care unit and their relatives seek information about life after critical illness to understand their symptoms and what to expect as survivors, and they express a desire to talk to others with similar experiences. Various operational models of post‐intensive care peer support exist, and studies have reported potential beneficial mechanisms in patients involved in peer support programs. However, most models have not been formally evaluated.AimTo evaluate the content and setting of structured group meetings and explore participants' experiences of meeting peers.Study DesignA qualitative evaluation combining focused ethnographic observations and semi‐structured interviews with 22 participants attending three intensive care unit café meetings in a university hospital. A thematic analysis was conducted using all data collected.FindingsThree main themes emerged; ‘Accommodating the diversity of patients and relatives’, ‘A range of possibilities for identification’ and ‘A newfound community’. Findings indicate that the content, setting and timing of the café meetings were of minor concern for the participants. Patients and relatives should attend together because the consequences of surviving a critical illness affect both. Larger groups of participants appeared to increase the likelihood of encountering broad variances in participants' experiences from the critical illness trajectory. The findings indicate that before attending a meeting, the participants did not find previous experiences sufficient in managing their new life situations and they felt alone in their experiences.ConclusionPeer support invited participants into a secure community and eased their sense of being alone in their struggles. Meeting peers seemed to be more important than following a specific model of peer support.Relevance to Clinical PracticeWhen setting up peer support for former intensive care patients, the most important aspect is to create a secure space for patients and their relatives to meet.
Row1, a member of a new family of conserved fungal proteins involved in infection, is required for appressoria functionality in Ustilago maydis
Authors: Pejenaute‐Ochoa María Dolores , Tomás‐Gallardo Laura , Ibeas José I. , Barrales Ramón R. 
Published: May 2024

Summary

The appressorium of phytopathogenic fungi is a specific structure with a crucial role in plant cuticle penetration. Pathogens with melanized appressoria break the cuticle through cell wall melanization and intracellular turgor pressure. However, in fungi with nonmelanized appressorium, the mechanisms governing cuticle penetration are poorly understood. Here we characterize Row1, a previously uncharacterized appressoria‐specific protein of Ustilago maydis that localizes to membrane and secretory vesicles.

Deletion of row1 decreases appressoria formation and plant penetration, thereby reducing virulence. Specifically, the Δrow1 mutant has a thicker cell wall that is more resistant to glucanase degradation. We also observed that the Δrow1 mutant has secretion defects.

We show that Row1 is functionally conserved at least among Ustilaginaceae and belongs to the Row family, which consists of five other proteins that are highly conserved among Basidiomycota fungi and are involved in U. maydis virulence. We observed similarities in localization between Row1 and Row2, which is also involved in cell wall remodelling and secretion, suggesting similar molecular functions for members of this protein family.

Our data suggest that Row1 could modify the chitin‐glucan matrix of the fungal cell wall and may be involved in unconventional protein secretion, thereby promoting both appressoria maturation and penetration.
Treatment of Complex Central Talar Fractures with Lateral Plate Combination with Medial Screw Fixation
Authors: He Jinquan , Li Nan , Cao Hongbin , Wang Guixin , Zhao Junwei 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThe treatment of talar neck and/or body fractures is known to be difficult and challenging, with significant impact on the long‐term functional outcome for the patient. The optimal management, including the choice of surgical approaches and implants, are still under constant discussion. The purpose of the study was to investigate the clinical effects of lateral mini‐plate combined with medial lag screws for the treatment of complicated central talar fractures.MethodsThe data of eight patients with complex central talus fractures treated between June 2019 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were six males and two females, ranging in age from 15 to 66 years, with an average age of 37.4 years. There were three cases on the left and five cases on the right. All fractures were comminuted, including talar neck with talar body fracture in seven cases and talar body comminuted with subluxation of subtalar joint in one case. All patients were treated with the anteromedial combined anterolateral approach, lateral talar mini‐plate fixation and medial lag screw fixation. Fracture reduction quality, union time, and complications were recorded, and functional outcomes were evaluated using the American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring system.ResultsThe time from injury to surgery was 1–6 days, with an average of 3.38 days. The follow‐up period was 34–53 months (mean 44.88 months). All fractures healed with a mean healing time of 16.75 weeks (13–23 weeks). Anatomical reduction was observed in six cases and near in two cases. After operation, there was no loosening or breakage of implant, loss of fracture reduction, and irritation of skin and soft tissue by internal fixation. The average AOFAS score was 87.38 (48–100), with excellent five cases, good two cases and poor one case, and the excellent and good rate was 87.5%. Superficial skin necrosis in one surgical incision healed after dressing exchange. No deep infection occurred. One case (1/8, 12.5%) developed avascular necrosis of the talus without collapse. Posttraumatic arthritis was found in four cases (4/8, 50%).ConclusionThe utilization of lateral mini‐plates in combination with medial screws for treating complex central talar fractures results in satisfactory reduction and stable fixation, mitigating complications associated with poor reduction. However, due to the absence of an anatomical mini‐plate, pre‐contouring is necessary when applying the lateral plate. This demands a surgeon's thorough familiarity with the anatomical morphology of the talus and proficiency in surgical techniques. Posttraumatic arthritis is the most common complication of complex central talar fractures.
Vagueness, Conditionals and Context Sensitivity
Authors: Beevers Tom 
Published: May 2024

AbstractI argue that practically all vague language is context sensitive in a covert and unfamiliar way. I first outline a novel puzzle concerning the interaction of conditionals and vagueness. I then argue that the best way of resolving the puzzle is by positing context‐sensitive penumbral connections between sundry parts of language. I argue that these penumbral connections shift through a distinct form of Lewisian accommodation. The upshot is that meaning is a far shiftier thing than has typically been thought.