bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum vitamin E, serum selenium and the risk of gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Knekt Paul , Aromaa Arpo , Maatela Jouni , Alfthan Georg , Aaran Ritva‐Kaarina , Teppo Lyly , Hakama Matti 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe association between levels of α‐tocopherol and selenium in serum and subsequent risk of gastrointestinal cancer was investigated in a longitudinal study based on 36,265 Finnish men and women, aged 15–99 and initially free of cancer. Serum α‐tocopherol and serum selenium levels at entry into the study were measured from stored serum samples of 150 incident gastrointestinal cancer cases diagnosed during a follow‐up of 6–10 years and for 276 controls who were matched for sex, age and place of residence. Subjects with a low level of α‐tocopherol or selenium had an elevated subsequent risk of cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract. This association persisted among men after adjustment for various confounding factors and after the exclusion of those with cancer diagnosed during the first 2 years of follow‐up. The relative risk of cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract among men who fell in the lowest quintile of serum selenium was 3.3 (95% confidence limits, 1.3 and 9.1) while among those who fell in the 3 lowest quintiles of α‐tocopherol it was 2.2 (95% confidence limits 0.9 and 5.6) compared with those in the higher quintiles. Serum levels of selenium or α‐tocopherol in general were not inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. These findings indicate that high selenium intake and possibly also high vitamin E intake, especially among men, may provide protection against cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract but not against colorectal cancer.
Proportion of lung cancers in males, due to occupation, in different areas of the USA
Authors: Vineis Paolo , Thomas Terry , Hayes Richard B. , Blot William J. , Mason Thomas J. , Pickle Linda Williams , Correa Pelayo , Fontham Elizabeth T.H. , Schoenberg Janet 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOccupational data from 5 case‐control studies in the United States involving 2,973 male cases and 3,210 controls were analyzed to estimate the percentage of lung cancer attributable to well‐known and suspected lung carcinogens. The studies were conducted in areas heterogeneous in terms of industrial activities. The percentage of lung cancers attributable to occupations entailing potential exposure to well‐recognized carcinogens ranged, by study area, from 3 to 17%. The further inclusion of occupational groups with suspect carcinogenic exposures changed these estimates very little. Exclusion of data derived from next‐of‐kin interviews influenced the estimates of attributable risks, but not in a systematic fashion. The estimates also varied according to ethnic group, smoking status and birth cohort, with higher values in non‐whites, non‐smokers and among members of more recent birth cohorts. Possible errors in exposure classification, which may make these estimates conservative, are discussed.
Different karyotypic features characterize different clinicopathologic subgroups of benign lipogenic tumors
Authors: Heim S. , Mandahl N. , Rydholm A. , Willén H. , Mitelman F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOn the basis of the cytogenetic analysis of tumor cells from a total of 50 lipomas, we conclude that 4 main cytogenetic subtypes may be recognized: (1) tumors with normal karyotype (18 cases); (2) tumors with rearrangements of 12q13–14 (18 cases); (3) tumors with ring chromosomes (6 cases); (4) tumors with other clonal changes (8 cases). This karyotypic heterogeneity parallels other disease characteristics in the following manner: all 6 tumors containing ring marker chromosomes were histopathologically classified as atypical lipomas (6 of the 50 tumors were diagnosed as atypical) or (in 2 cases) lipomas with foci of atypia. In only one single solitary lipoma with focal atypia were no ring chromosomes detected in the tumor cells. This contrasts strongly with the findings in typical solitary lipomas, where rings were found in only 2 of 37 tumors, or, if the 3 tumors with focal atypia are excluded, in none of 34. Furthermore, all 7 multiple lipomas were karyotypically normal, whereas among solitary tumors the corresponding proportion was 11 of 43. We conclude that ring marker chromosomes may be a distinguishing cytogenetic feature of atypical lipomas, and that multiple lipomas, in contrast to their solitary counterparts, are karyotypically normal. These findings emphasize that different tumorigenic pathways are likely to be involved in different groups of benign lipogenic neoplasms.
Flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy pattern from deparaffinized formalin‐fixed gastric cancer tissue
Authors: Tosi Piero , Leoncini Lorenzo , Cintorino Marcella , Vindigni Carla , Minacci Chiara , Nuti Sandra , Pinto Enrico , de Stefano Alfonso , Cevenini Gabriele 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHistologically processed tissue from gastric cancers has been analyzed by flow cytometry in an attempt to correlate DNA ploidy pattern and behavior of the tumor. Of the mucosal and submucosal cancers (so‐called early, all stage I in the present series), 62.7% show a diploid DNA pattern and 37.3% show a single aneuploid pattern. Of the deeply infiltrating (beyond the submucosa) cancers (stage II and III), 52.1% are single aneuploid and 47.9% are multiploid. While stage‐I patients are all alive at the end of the follow‐up period (6 years), in stage II and III cases Cox's regression model shows that the hazard function depends on DNA pattern: survival is negatively influenced by multiploidy. On this basis, it may be assumed that the DNA pattern is a useful prognostic indicator of gastric cancer. As expected, in Cox's regression model an even more important negative correlation exists between survival and stage: single aneuploid cases in stage II have a better prognosis than those in stage III. Instead, no correlation is found between histological cancer subtype (Laurén and WHO classifications), grade and DNA pattern.
Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in Northern Italy
Authors: La Vecchia Carlo , Negri Eva , Decarli Adriano , D'Avanzo Barbara , Franceschi Silvia 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe role of socio‐demographic factors, lifestyle habits and selected dietary factors on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma was evaluated in a hospital‐based case‐control study conducted in Northern Italy on 151 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 1,051 controls in hospital for acute, nonneoplastic or digestive conditions, unrelated to any of the known or potential risk factors for primary liver cancer. There were significant inverse relationships with levels of education and social class (relative risk, RR = 1.9 and 2.4 for lower vs. upper categories), and positive associations with clinical history of hepatitis (RR = 3.5, 95% confidence interval = 2.0–6.0) or liver cirrhosis (RR = 15.6, 95% CI = 8.3–29.4). The relative risk was not elevated in smokers and light or moderate alcohol drinkers, but the point estimate was above unity among heavy drinkers (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0–2.4). Among 14 food items considered, including important sources of vitamin A, protein and fats in the Italian diet, 5 were inversely and significantly related to liver cancer risk. This suggests that a diet deficient in several aspects may be related to hepatocellular carcinoma.
Specificity of the immune response leading to protection or enhancement by regressive and progressive variants of a rat colon carcinoma
Authors: Caignard A. , Pelletier H. , Martin F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTwo cell clones, K12/TRb (PROb) and K12/TSb (REGb), have been isolated from the same serially transplantable tumor, DHD, established from a colon carcinoma chemically induced in the rat. Inoculation of REGb cells gives a tumor which regresses within 4 to 8 weeks and generates immune protection against subsequent injection of the progressive tumor cells, PROb. Inoculation of PROb cells gives a progressive tumor and generates tolerance allowing progressive growth of contralaterally injected REGb cells. Inoculation of REGb cells fully protects the host against growth of a DHD tumor graft, the tumor from which REGb and PROb cells were originally obtained. On the other hand, inoculation of REGb cells does not confer any protection against growth of 4 other syngeneic tumor grafts, DHA, DHB, DHC and DHE. These tumors were obtained from other colonic tumors induced as DHD by 1.2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Progressive growth of the tumor induced by inoculation of REGb cells is observed in animals bearing a contralateral DHD tumor, but not in animals bearing tumor from other transplantable lines, DHA, DHB, DHC and DHE. Our results show that immune enhancement of a regressive tumor and the immune protection that it confers constitute specific responses to a tumor‐specific transplantation antigen present on a single transplantable colon tumor.
Autocrine secretion of a colorectum‐derived growth factor by HT‐29 human colon carcinoma cell line
Authors: Culouscou Jean‐Michel , Garrouste Françoise , Remacle‐Bonnet Maryse , Bettetini Dominique , Marvaldi Jacques , Pommier Gilbert 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe human colon cancer cell line HT‐29 produces a growth factor (CRDGF; Mr = 25,000) which inhibits EGF binding to a wide variety of different normal and tumoral cell types in culture. Scatchard analysis of EGF binding shows that CRDGF induces a decrease in EGF receptor affinity. In contrast, EGF binding to any of the human colorectal cancer cell lines tested, i.e., HT‐29, HT‐29 (clone D4), HRT‐18 or CAL‐14, remains unaltered in the presence of exogenous CRDGF. However, the inhibitory effect of CRDGF becomes apparent on HT‐29 cells after overnight exposure of these to suramin (at 37°C). A short exposure to suramin (1 hr at 4°C) or a mild acid washing of HT‐29 cells can partially restore the inhibitory activity of CRDGF. These observations suggest that the action of suramin results in an unmasking of substantial levels of CRDGF receptors on HT‐29 cells. Scatchard analysis of EGF binding on suramin‐treated HT‐29 cells shows that CRDGF inhibits EGF binding by decreasing EGF receptor affinity, as previously observed with the non‐colonic cell types. A similar unmasking of CRDGF receptors is observed when the other colorectal cell lines are exposed to suramin. These results provide evidence for a model in which the colorectal cell lines have the property of secreting a unique growth factor that binds to its receptor by an autocrine mechanism.
Regulation of growth and epidermal growth factor receptor levels of LNCaP prostate tumor cells by different steroids
Authors: Schuurmans Alex L.G. , Bolt Joan , Voorhorst Marleen M. , Blankenstein Rien A. , Mulder Eppo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe growth of LNCaP cells, derived from a lymph‐node carcinoma of the human prostate, was stimulated by different hormones. Optimal growth (3‐ to 4‐fold increase in DNA content per culture versus controls) was observed at 0.1 nm R1881 (a synthetic androgen), 1 nm progesterone or 10 nm estradiol. Triamcinolone acetonide had no effect. Dihydrotestosterone maximally stimulated cell growth at 10 nM. When the culture medium was changed 4 times in 6 days instead of twice, optimal growth was observed at 1 nm dihydrotestosterone. This indicates that a rapid metabolism of dihydrotestosterone influenced growth response. LNCaP cells contained considerable amounts of androgen receptors (920 fmol/mg cytosol protein) while progestagen, estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors were absent. The affinity of steroids for the androgen receptor decreased in the order of: R1881 (relative binding affinity: 100.0) > dihydrotestosterone (67.7) > progesterone (29.4) > testosterone (23.8) > estradiol (4.3) > triamcinolone acetonide (< 0.1). Effects on cell growth of these steroids paralleled their affinity for the androgen receptor. The number of EGF receptors per cell increased in a dose‐dependent manner upon treatment with various hormones. Again the amount of steroid needed for maximal effects reflected the affinity of the steroid for the androgen receptor. An approximately 2‐fold increase in EGF receptor number was observed within 24 hr and before an increase in growth could be detected. Actinomycin‐D and cycloheximide inhibited the hormonally induced increase in EGF receptor numbers.
Conditional immortalization and/or transformation of rat cells carrying v‐abl or EJras oncogene in the presence or absence of glucocorticoid hormone
Authors: Yamashita Toshiharu , Kato Hidenori , Fujinaga Kei 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEarly‐passaged rat chondroblasts (RX cells) and embryonal fibroblasts (RE cells) are hardly transformed by transfection of activated human H‐ras (EJras) or by Abelson murine leukemia virus v‐abl oncogene. However, these cells were transformed by v‐abl or EJras gene when dexamethasone (DX) was added in the culture medium as well as when co‐transfected with retrovirus LTR‐linked mouse c‐myc gene. RX cell lines carrying v‐abl (RXabl), RE cell lines carrying v‐abl (REabl) and RX cell lines carrying EJras (RXEJ) were established from transformed colonies in the DX‐added soft agar. In the absence and in the presence of DX, RXabl cells showed mortal and immortalized, REabl cells showed mortal and transformed, and RXEJ cells showed immortalized and transformed phenotypes, respectively. Especially, immortalization and transformation of REab11 and REab13 lines were switched on and off by addition and depletion of DX. v‐abl or EJras mRNA levels in tested REabl, RXabl and RXEJ lines cultured without DX was not decreased compared to those cultured with the hormone. The above suggests that, like myc gene, glucocorticoid collaborates with v‐abl or activated ras oncogene to transform unestablished rat cells and that the transformation phenotypes were determined not only by the introduced oncogene but by the cellular condition including their tissue origin. Transformation of senescent REabl cells in the absence of DX was tested by transfecting different oncogenes. Among nuclear oncogenes tested, only adenovirus 12 E1A gene could induce transformation of G0‐arrested REabl cells in a cooperative fashion with the integrated v‐abl gene.
Potentiation of adoptive immunotherapy by cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum(II), but not by doxorubicin, on a disseminated mouse lymphoma and its association with reduction of tumor burden
Authors: Formelli Franca , Rossi Cinzia , Sensi Maria Luisa , Parmiani Giorgio 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe therapeutic effect of a combination therapy employing syngeneic anti‐tumor immune T lymphocytes and either doxorubicin (DX) or cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum II (DDP) was tested on BALB/c mice bearing a disseminated, weakly immunogenic lymphoma (YC8) which metastasizes mainly to the liver. Therapy with specific tumor‐immune lymphocytes alone cured 80–100% mice bearing 3‐day established tumors. The same effector cells, however, were less effective in mice at a more advanced stage of the disease (day 5) and ineffective when treatment was further delayed (day 7). Chemotherapeutic treatment alone with DX or DDP given i.p. at the maximal tolerated doses was less effective than immune lymphocytes on 3‐day tumors since cures were very seldom observed, but both drugs prolonged survival time even when administered on day 7. While DX did not enhance the antitumor effect of immune lymphocytes on 5‐day tumors, the association of DDP with immunotherapy by giving the 2 modalities sequentially according to the two sequences (i.e., chemotherapy before immunotherapy and vice versa) with a 2‐day interval, was significantly more effective than each treatment alone. Like mice cured by immunotherapy alone, most of the animals cured by chemo‐immunotherapy developed a systemic transplantation immunity to the tumor as revealed by the specific rejection of a second lethal tumor challenge 90 days after the first tumor inoculum. The higher activity of DDP compared with DX in potentiating the effect of immunotherapy was shown to be associated with a greater reduction of tumor burden in the liver, whereas the 2 drugs gave a similar reduction of tumor burden in other organs, as determined from bioassay of tumor‐bearing organs of chemotherapy‐treated mice. These results indicate that combination of chemotherapy with immunotherapy may improve the effects of each treatment alone, and that the synergistic effect is associated with the reduction of the tumor load in the main organ (liver) of tumor dissemination.
DO CORPORATE PROFIT FORECASTER HERD?—EVIDENCE FROM CANADA, UK AND THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Rülke Jan‐Christoph 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTUsing more than 25 000 corporate profit forecasts for Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States, we find strong evidence of an anti‐herding behaviour. Apparently, corporate profit forecaster intentionally scatter their forecasts around the consensus forecast. We also document that the cross‐sectional heterogeneity of forecasts with regard to anti‐herding translates into cross‐sectional heterogeneity with regard to forecast accuracy. Forecasters who anti‐herd have a substantially higher forecast accuracy that may help to explain the rational bias in macroeconomic forecasting. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IMMIGRANT HOUSEHOLD INVESTMENT BEHAVIOR AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: A STUDY OF IMMIGRANTS TO THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Seto Sayako , Bogan Vicki L. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTPrevious literature concerning immigrant financial market participation has typically treated the immigrant population as a homogeneous collective. However, the immigrant population in the United States is incredibly diverse, particularly in regards to country of origin. Using panel data, we test the hypothesis that differing information costs generate differences in U.S. immigrant asset market participation rates. We find significant variations (by country of origin) in the immigrant rates of holding stock, mutual funds, U.S. Savings Bonds, and other fixed income securities do exist. Our results provide support for the theory that information costs drive these differences. (JEL: G11)Keywords: Household investment decision making; immigrants ©2010. All rights reserved. Work in progress. All errors are our own. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acupuncture points are large fields: The fuzziness of acupuncture point localization by doctors in practice
Authors: Molsberger A.F. , Manickavasagan J. , Abholz H.H. , Maixner W.B. , Endres H.G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundAcupuncture textbooks, schools, practitioners and clinical researchers designing randomized controlled trials on acupuncture all assume that acupuncture points are small and must be located precisely.MethodSeventy‐one medical doctors with ≥200 h acupuncture training and ≥2 years of clinical experience independently identified 23 commonly used acupuncture points on a male volunteer, using sticky transparent films with an X/Y grid placed asymmetrically around acupuncture points.ResultsFor each acupuncture point, the field covering 95% (68%) of all point locations varied from 2.7 (0.7) cm2 for PC‐6 up to 41.4 (10.2) cm2 for ST‐38. Commonly‐used acupuncture points showed unexpectedly large variance in location: 95% (or 68%) areas were SP‐6: 12.2 cm2 (3.0 cm2), ST‐36: 20.7 cm2 (5.1 cm2), LI‐15: 18.7 cm2 (4.6 cm2), BL‐23: 22.4 cm2 (5.6 cm2) and BL‐54: 22.5 cm2 (5.6 cm2). Points close to anatomical landmarks (forearm, ankle, poplitea; BL‐60, BL‐40, TW‐5, PC‐6) were located with less variance. Precision of point location was independent of length of acupuncture experience, kind of training or medical specialty.ConclusionsIn respect to the high degree of variation in the localization of acupuncture points, we suggest that the term ‘acupuncture field’ is more appropriate than ‘acupuncture points’ to describe the clinical reality; for the design of sham‐controlled acupuncture trials, we recommend a minimum distance of 6 cm between verum and sham points on face, hands and feet, and up to 12 cm for all other parts of the body.
Argon‐based atmospheric pressure plasma enhances early bone response to rough titanium surfaces
Authors: Coelho Paulo G. , Giro Gabriela , Teixeira Hellen S. , Marin Charles , Witek Lukas , Thompson Van P. , Tovar Nick , Silva Nelson R. F. A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of an Argon‐based atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) surface treatment operated chairside at atmospheric pressure conditions applied immediately prior to dental implant placement in a canine model. Surfaces investigated comprised: rough titanium surface (Ti) and rough titanium surface + Argon‐based APP (Ti‐Plasma). Surface energy was characterized by the Owens‐Wendt‐Rabel‐Kaelble method and chemistry by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Six adult beagles dogs received two plateau‐root form implants (n = 1 each surface) in each radii, providing implants that remained 1 and 3 weeks in vivo. Histometric parameters assessed were bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskall‐Wallis (95% level of significance) and Dunn's post‐hoc test. The XPS analysis showed peaks of Ti, C, and O for the Ti and Ti‐ Plasma surfaces. Both surfaces presented carbon primarily as hydrocarbon (CC, CH) with lower levels of oxidized carbon forms. The Ti‐Plasma presented large increase in the Ti (+11%) and O (+16%) elements for the Ti‐ Plasma group along with a decrease of 23% in surface‐adsorbed C content. At 1 week no difference was found in histometric parameters between groups. At 3 weeks significantly higher BIC (>300%) and mean BAFO (>30%) were observed for Ti‐Plasma treated surfaces. From a morphologic standpoint, improved interaction between connective tissue was observed at 1 week, likely leading to more uniform and higher bone formation at 3 weeks for the Ti‐Plasma treated implants was observed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 2012.