bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf functional response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last century in two northern Amazonian tree species: a historical δ13C and δ18O approach using herbarium samples
Authors: BONAL DAMIEN , PONTON STÉPHANE , LE THIEC DIDIER , RICHARD BÉATRICE , NINGRE NATHALIE , HÉRAULT BRUNO , OGÉE JÉRÔME , GONZALEZ SOPHIE , PIGNAL MARC , SABATIER DANIEL , GUEHL JEAN‐MARC 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWe assessed the extent of recent environmental changes on leaf morphological (stomatal density, stomatal surface, leaf mass per unit area) and physiological traits (carbon isotope composition, δ13Cleaf, and discrimination, Δ13Cleaf, oxygen isotope composition, δ18Oleaf) of two tropical rainforest species (Dicorynia guianensis; Humiria balsamifera) that are abundant in the Guiana shield (Northern Amazonia). Leaf samples were collected in different international herbariums to cover a 200 year time‐period (1790–2004) and the whole Guiana shield. Using models describing carbon and oxygen isotope fractionations during photosynthesis, different scenarios of change in intercellular CO2 concentrations inside the leaf (Ci), stomatal conductance (g), and photosynthesis (A) were tested in order to understand leaf physiological response to increasing air CO2 concentrations (Ca). Our results confirmed that both species displayed physiological response to changing Ca. For both species, we observed a decrease of about 1.7‰ in δ13Cleaf since 1950, without significant change in Δ13Cleaf and leaf morphological traits. Furthermore, there was no clear change in δ18Oleaf for Humiria over this period. Our simulation approach revealed that an increase in A, rather than a decrease in g, explained the observed trends for these tropical rainforest species, allowing them to maintain a constant ratio of Ci/Ca.
Rice OsNAR2.1 interacts with OsNRT2.1, OsNRT2.2 and OsNRT2.3a nitrate transporters to provide uptake over high and low concentration ranges
Authors: YAN MING , FAN XIAORONG , FENG HUIMING , MILLER ANTHONY J. , SHEN QIRONG , XU GUOHUA 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTPlants take up both nitrate and ammonium as main nitrogen (N) sources. Although ammonium is the predominant form in anaerobic‐flooded paddy soil, it has been proposed that rice and other wetland plants may take up significant amounts of nitrate formed by nitrification of ammonium in the rhizosphere. A two‐component system for nitrate transport including NRT2s with a partner protein (NAR2 or NRT3.1) has been identified in Arabidopsis. We report the physiological function of another member of the NAR2 family, OsNAR2.1 in rice (Oryza sativa, ssp. Japonica, cv. Nipponbare). OsNAR2.1 was mainly expressed in roots and induced by nitrate and suppressed by ammonium and some amino acids. Knockdown of OsNAR2.1 by RNA interference synchronously suppressed expression of OsNRT2.1, OsNRT2.2 and OsNRT2.3a in the osnar2.1mutants. Both high‐ and low‐affinity nitrate transports were greatly impaired by OsNAR2.1 knockdown. Yeast two hybridization showed that OsNAR2.1 not only interacted with OsNRT2.1/OsNRT2.2, but also with OsNRT2.3a. Taken together, the data demonstrate that OsNAR2.1 plays a key role in enabling the plant to cope with variable nitrate supply.
ROS and redox signalling in the response of plants to abiotic stress
Authors: SUZUKI NOBUHIRO , KOUSSEVITZKY SHAI , MITTLER RON , MILLER GAD 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe redox state of the chloroplast and mitochondria, the two main powerhouses of photosynthesizing eukaryotes, is maintained by a delicate balance between energy production and consumption, and affected by the need to avoid increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These demands are especially critical during exposure to extreme environmental conditions, such as high light (HL) intensity, heat, drought or a combination of different environmental stresses. Under these conditions, ROS and redox cues, generated in the chloroplast and mitochondria, are essential for maintaining normal energy and metabolic fluxes, optimizing different cell functions, activating acclimation responses through retrograde signalling, and controlling whole‐plant systemic signalling pathways. Regulation of the multiple redox and ROS signals in plants requires a high degree of coordination and balance between signalling and metabolic pathways in different cellular compartments. In this review, we provide an update on ROS and redox signalling in the context of abiotic stress responses, while addressing their role in retrograde regulation, systemic acquired acclimation and cellular coordination in plants.
Biological and genetic characterization of Phytophthora capsici mutants resistant to flumorph
Authors: Meng Q. X. , Cui X. L. , Bi Y. , Wang Q. , Hao J. J. , Liu X. L. 
Published: April 2011

Baseline sensitivity to flumorph, a carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicide used to control some oomycetes, was examined using 83 Phytophthora capsici isolates, resulting in a unimodal distribution of effective concentration for 50% inhibition of mycelial growth ranging from 0·716 to 1·363, with a mean of 1·033 ± 0·129 μg mL−1. To assess the potential risk of developing flumorph resistance, 13 flumorph‐resistant mutants of P. capsici were obtained using ultraviolet irradiation. Most of these mutants and their progeny had high levels of fitness, including mycelial growth, sporulation and virulence. The resistance to flumorph changed slightly, either increasing or decreasing, after 10 transfers on agar media. Cross‐resistance was found between flumorph and other CAA fungicides (dimethomorph and iprovalicarb), but not between flumorph and non‐CAA fungicides (cymoxanil, metalaxyl, azoxystrobin and cyazofamid). To investigate the genetics of the flumorph resistance, 619 progeny were obtained by self‐crossing and sexual hybridization. Segregation of sensitivity to fungicide was measured as a ratio of sensitive (S) to resistant (R) isolates. Segregation of the progeny, from self‐crossed isolate PCAS1 (flumorph resistant), was 1:15 in the first generation; and 0:1 or 1:15 in the second generation. In sexual hybridization, segregation of progeny was 0:1 and 1:7 for R × R hybridization; and 1:3 for R × S hybridization. Therefore, the resistance of P. capsici against flumorph was controlled by two dominant genes.
The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control: impact on onchocercal skin disease
Authors: Ozoh G. A. , Murdoch M. E. , Bissek A‐C. , Hagan M. , Ogbuagu K. , Shamad M. , Braide E. I. , Boussinesq M. , Noma M. M. , Murdoch I. E. , Sékétéli A. , Amazigo U. V. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryObjectives  To assess the long‐term impact of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control on itching and onchocercal skin disease (OSD).Methods  Seven study sites in Cameroon, Sudan, Nigeria and Uganda participated. Two cross‐sectional surveys were conducted of communities meso‐ and hyper‐endemic for onchocerciasis before and after 5 or 6 years of community‐directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI). Individuals were asked about any general health symptoms including itching and underwent full cutaneous examinations. Onchocercal skin lesions were documented according to a standard classification.Results  Five thousand one hundred and ninety three people were examined in phase I and 5,180 people in phase II. The presence of onchocercal nodules was a strongly significant (P < 0·001) risk factor for all forms of onchocercal skin disease: APOD (OR 1·66); CPOD (OR 2·84); LOD (OR 2·68); reactive skin lesions (OR 2·38) and depigmentation (OR 3·36). The effect of community‐directed treatment with ivermectin was profound. At phase II, there were significant (P < 0·001) reductions in the odds of itching (OR 0·32), APOD (OR 0·28); CPOD (OR 0·34); reactive skin lesions (OR 0·33); depigmentation (OR 0·31) and nodules (OR 0·37). Reduction in the odds of LOD was also significant (OR 0.54, P < 0.03).Conclusions  This first multi‐country report of the long‐term impact of CDTI reveals a substantial reduction in itching and OSD. APOC operations are having a major effect in improving skin health in poor rural populations in Africa.
Activation of the mesostriatal reward pathway with exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) vs. sham UVR in frequent tanners: a pilot study
Authors: Harrington Cynthia R. , Beswick Tracy C. , Graves Michael , Jacobe Heidi T. , Harris Thomas S. , Kourosh Shadi , Devous Sr Michael D. , Adinoff Bryon 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTFrequent and excessive tanning persists despite a growing understanding of its associated morbidity and mortality, suggesting that ultraviolet radiation may impart rewarding effects beyond the assumed cosmetic benefits. To empirically measure putative centrally rewarding properties of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), we assessed the effects of a commercially available tanning bed upon regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), a measure of brain activity, using single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Seven frequent salon bed tanners were placed under a UVA/UVB tanning light during two sessions; one session with UVR and the other with filtered UVR (sham UVR). Session order was randomized and subjects were blinded to study order. During the UVR session, relative to sham UVR session, subjects demonstrated a relative increase in rCBF of the dorsal striatum, anterior insula and medial orbitofrontal cortex, brain regions associated with the experience of reward. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in the subjective desire to tan. These findings suggest that UVR may have centrally rewarding properties that encourage excessive tanning.
Emergence patterns of univoltine and bivoltine Ips typographus (L.) populations and associated natural enemies
Authors: Wermelinger B. , Epper C. , Kenis M. , Ghosh S. , Holdenrieder O. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractControl measures aiming at reducing bark beetle populations and preserving their natural enemies require a sound knowledge on their overwintering and emergence behaviour. These behavioural traits were investigated in univoltine and bivoltine populations of the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus [L.], Coleoptera: Scolytinae) and its predators and parasitoids over several consecutive years. In univoltine populations, roughly 50% of the bark beetles left their brood trees in fall together with most parasitoids and some significant predatory flies and beetles. In bivoltine populations, <10% of the second bark beetle generation emerged in fall and the remainder overwintered under the bark of their brood trees. Likewise, most predatory beetles and flies spent wintertime with their prey under the bark, while most parasitic wasps emerged in fall.The spring emergence of bivoltine predatory beetles was found to occur up to 3 weeks earlier than that of I. typographus, while that of the predatory flies and the parasitoids was delayed by up to 1 month. In univoltine populations, the bark beetles emerged several weeks prior to most antagonistic taxa. In the heat year 2003, three I. typographus generations were produced at the lower location, 36% of the third generation emerged in fall, while the proportions of overwintering predators remained largely the same as in previous years. Similar to their host, more parasitoids left their brood trees in fall after warm years.The results show that sanitation felling during winter probably kills most bark beetles in bivoltine populations, but also eliminates many natural enemies. In univoltine populations, sanitation felling might be less detrimental to both I. typographus and natural enemies because a fair fraction of their populations will already have left the trees before cutting. Warmer climates may affect the interactions of bark beetles and natural enemies and thus the impact of control measures.
Ginger root oil increases mating competitiveness of sterile Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera:Tephritidae) in Western Australia
Authors: Steiner E. , Woods W. , McInnis D. O. , Lindsey J. , Fogliani R. , Soopaya R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe exposure of sterile male Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) to the aroma of essential oil derived from ginger root Zingiber officinale Roscoe (GRO) has been shown in field cage trials to increase their mating success. This field cage study compared the mating performance of mass reared sterile Mediterranean fruit fly males prepared for ground release programmes under four different post‐irradiation systems, two of which involved exposure of the flies to GRO aroma. In the first system, irradiated pupae were placed into non‐vented 5‐L paper tubs, individually aromatized by 20 μl of GRO (4 ml/m3) for 96–120 h until the adults were 2–3 days old. In the second system, irradiated pupae were placed in vented 5‐L paper tubs, exposed for 24 h in a GRO aromatized room (0.5 ml/m3) when the adults were 3 days old and contained until required for mating tests at 5 days old. The third and fourth systems were the same as the first two systems respectively, except that the flies were not exposed to GRO aroma. Significant differences in mating success were found among treatments. The exposure of 2 to 3‐day old flies to GRO aroma improved mating performance slightly compared with equivalent non‐exposed flies, but it was still below the minimum value accepted under international standards, while 27% of unexposed 5‐day‐old sterile males mated and had competitiveness (Fried value 0.38) slightly above this minimum level. GRO exposed 5‐day‐old flies had the highest mating percentage (67%) and a level of competitiveness (Fried value 1.81) based on induced sterility above that of wild flies (Fried value 1). The results indicate that the effectiveness of sterile male ground release programmes can be increased significantly by releasing 5‐day‐old sterile males that have been exposed to GRO in an entirely aromatized adult fly holding room.
Production of novel alloplasmic male sterile lines in Allium cepa harbouring the cytoplasm from Allium roylei
Authors: Vu Hao Q. , Iwata Machiko , Yamauchi Naoki , Shigyo Masayoshi 
Published: April 2011

With 3 figures and 5 tables AbstractTo develop alloplasmic lines of Allium cepa, cytoplasmic substitution by continuous backcrossing was performed using Allium roylei as a cytoplasm donor. The chromosomes of a single F1 plant between A. roylei (♀) and shallot were doubled, and then backcrossing with shallot was performed to produce BC1 as allotriploids. One allotriploid plant was used for backcrossing with bulb onion to produce BC2 with 2n = 16, 17, 23 and 24. The BC2 plants possessing 16 chromosomes were checked for pollen fertility in Yamaguchi, Japan (N34°11′), and then backcrossed with bulb onion again to evaluate their seed‐setting characteristics. The pollen fertility of BC2 ranged from 0% to more than 10%. A large number of plants showed no pollen fertility (0%). In Kagawa and Hokkaido, most of the plants were completely pollen sterile, while the percentages of seed sets in BC2 were high enough to reproduce BC3 seeds. The results of this study revealed that an exploitation of A. roylei cytoplasm would be useful for the development of a novel cytoplasmic male sterility line in Allium.
Acute renal failure SNAPPE and mortality
Authors: Türker Gülcan , Özsoy Gamze , Günlemez Ayla , Gökalp Ayşe S. , Arisoy Ayşe E. , Bircan Zelal 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:  The aim of the present study was to determine, using the score for neonatal acute physiology and perinatal extension II (SNAPPE‐II), whether there is an association with acute renal failure (ARF) and whether it is possible to identify newborns at risk for ARF prior to a rise in creatinine in newborns.Methods:  Information on postnatal risk factors and SNAPPE‐II on the first day of life (non‐ARF group, n= 475; ARF group, n= 78) were collected. Renal failure was defined as serum creatinine level >1 mg/dL and >1.3 mg/dL (for ≥33 weeks and <33 weeks, respectively) after 48 h of life.Results:  In newborns with ARF (n= 78), the median (range) of SNAPPE‐II and mortality rate were significantly higher than those of the control group. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), SNAPPE‐II, and resuscitation were identified as independent predictors of ARF in infants on forward stepwise logistic regression. Sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, ARF, DIC, and SNAPPE‐II were identified as independent predictors of mortality in infants on the same analysis.Conclusions:  SNAPPE‐II on the first day of life was significantly higher among babies with ARF, suggesting a positive association between higher scores and the development of ARF and mortality, but based on receiver operating characteristic curve results, SNAPPE‐II at admission did not enhance the assessment of risk for ARF prior to a rise in creatinine.
Simplified radius, ulna, and short bone‐age assessment procedure using grouped‐Tanner‐Whitehouse method
Authors: Hsieh Chi‐Wen , Liu Tzu‐Chiang , Wang Jui‐Kai , Jong Tai‐Lang , Tiu Chui‐Mei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:  The Tanner–Whitehouse III (TW3) method is popular for assessing children's bone age, but it is time‐consuming in clinical settings; to simplify this, a grouped‐TW algorithm (GTA) was developed.Methods:  A total of 534 left‐hand roentgenograms of subjects aged 2–15 years, including 270 training and 264 testing datasets, were evaluated by a senior pediatrician. Next, GTA was used to choose the appropriate candidate of radius, ulna, and short bones and to classify the bones into three groups by data mining. Group 1 was composed of the maturity pattern of the radius and the middle phalange of the third and fifth digits and three weights were obtained by data mining, yielding a result similar to that of TW3. Subsequently, new bone‐age assessment tables were constructed for boys and girls by linear regression and fuzzy logic. In addition, the Bland–Altman plot was utilized to compare accuracy between the GTA, the Greulich–Pyle (GP), and the TW3 method.Results:  The relative accuracy between the GTA and the TW3 was 96.2% in boys and 95% in girls, with an error of 1 year, while that between the assessment results of the GP and TW3 was about 87%, with an error of 1 year. However, even if the three weights were not optimally processed, GTA yielded a marginal result with an accuracy of 78.2% in boys and 79.6% in girls.Conclusions:  GTA can efficiently simplify the complexity of the TW3 method, while maintaining almost the same accuracy. The relative accuracy between the assessment results of GTA and GP can also be marginal.
Effect of prematurity on protein glycosylation in the newborn
Authors: Whitton Gerald B. , Dhanireddy Ramasubbareddy , Jain Sushil K. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:  Glycohemoglobins (GHb) are the products of irreversible non‐enzymatic reactions between glucose and the hemoglobin molecule. Glycosylation of proteins in general can modify protein structure and alter catalytic properties, thereby causing cellular dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that protein glycosylation levels in premature infants are elevated compared with full‐term infants (neonates). Blood GHb levels in pre‐term and full‐term infants were studied, and the in vitro glycosylation of erythrocytes obtained from both pre‐term and full‐term infants was assessed.Methods:  Cord‐blood from 31 pre‐term and 11 full‐term infants was collected and GHb levels were determined using affinity columns. Erythrocytes from the cord blood of 17 additional infants (eight pre‐term, ≤36 weeks gestation, and nine full‐term, ≥37 weeks gestation) were obtained and incubated for 24 h in a high‐glucose medium. Baseline and post‐incubation GHb levels were calculated to determine the in vitro susceptibility of pre‐term versus full‐term infants to glycosylation.Results:  Blood GHb levels were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in full‐term compared with pre‐term infants. The percent increase in GHb formation in vitro was similar between the erythrocytes of full‐term and those of pre‐term infants.Conclusion:  Contrary to the original hypothesis, the erythrocytes of pre‐term infants do not show increased glycosylation of proteins when compared with those of full‐term infants.
Laparoscopic technique for identifying the main trunk of the uterine artery by tracing its superior branch
Authors: Lin Yonghong , Yu Tinghe , Hu Lina 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAim:  To determine the feasibility of identifying the main trunk of the uterine artery by tracing its superior branch with a laparoscopic technique.Material and Methods:  Ten patients with symptomatic myomas who had indication for surgical intervention were enrolled in this prospective nonrandomized study between November 2009 and February 2010.The uterine artery was identified by tracing its superior branch with a laparoscopic technique, and then performing occlusion of the uterine artery. Estimated uterus weight, operating time, blood loss, and intraoperative complications were recorded.Results:  Bilateral uterine arteries were successfully isolated in all cases (n = 10) without intraoperative complications. The estimated uterine weight was 290 g (220–370 g). The operation time from the opening of anterior peritoneum of the broad ligament to the occlusion of unilateral uterine artery was 3 min (2.3–6 min). The volume of estimated blood loss was less than 10 mL.Conclusion:  This pilot trial demonstrated that it was feasible to locate the main trunk of the uterine artery by tracing its superior branch. This technique provided a fast modality for laparoscopic surgery.
Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory comparison of four phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome based on Rotterdam criteria
Authors: Yilmaz Mehmet , Isaoglu Unal , Delibas Ilhan Bahri , Kadanali Sedat 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAim:  To compare all phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) for anthropometrical, hormonal, and metabolic differences according to Rotterdam criteria.Material & Methods:  Women with PCOS (Rotterdam definition; n = 127) and women without PCOS used as controls (n = 44). There were four phenotypes of PCOS: 56/127 (44.09%) of the patients were polycystic ovaries on ultrasound (PCO) + oligo or anovulation (O) + biochemical and/or clinical hyperandrogenism (HA), 29/127 (22.84%) were HA+O, 24/127 (18.90%) were PCO+O and 18/127 (14.17%) were HA+PCO. And 42/127 (33.07%) patients represented the new phenotypes (PCO+O and HA+PCO). Phenotypical, hormonal and metabolic parameters were compared between the groups.Results:  Waist‐to‐hip ratio, luteinizing hormone‐to‐follicle stimulating hormone ratio, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrostenedione were lower in women with PCO+O and controls than the other three phenotypes. The highest score regarding hirsutismus was found in the HA+O phenotype and the lowest score in the PCO+O phenotype. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and degree of insulin resistance in PCO+O phenotype was closer to control subjects than the other three phenotypes.Conclusions:  Anthropometrical, hormonal, and metabolic differences suggest that PCO+O phenotype is closer to control group than the other PCOS phenotypes.