bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barack and Slumdog Millionaire
Authors: GARDELS NATHAN , MEDAVOY MIKE 
Published: April 2009

President Barack Obama pledged in his first TV interview—with the Arab satellite channel Al Arabiya—that America under his watch would “listen with respect and not dictate” to the world. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has further announced that this country will no longer just throw around its military might but will pursue a “smart power” approach by tempering the use of hard weaponry with the “soft power” of persuasion and cultural attraction. Or, as Madame Secretary's husband Bill has put it, America will now lead through the power of example instead of the example of power.The first exceedingly complex test of Obama's smart power strategy will be how to end George W. Bush's misguided “war on terror” in Afghanistan and Pakistan, keeping al‐Qaida at bay without being swallowed by the quagmire of tribal politics. An array of experts from New Delhi to Paris offers their views in this section.
Is the Muslim World a Credible Partner for Obama's Outreach?
Authors: IBRAHIM ANWAR 
Published: April 2009

President Barack Obama pledged in his first TV interview—with the Arab satellite channel Al Arabiya—that America under his watch would “listen with respect and not dictate” to the world. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has further announced that this country will no longer just throw around its military might but will pursue a “smart power” approach by tempering the use of hard weaponry with the “soft power” of persuasion and cultural attraction. Or, as Madame Secretary's husband Bill has put it, America will now lead through the power of example instead of the example of power.The first exceedingly complex test of Obama's smart power strategy will be how to end George W. Bush's misguided “war on terror” in Afghanistan and Pakistan, keeping al‐Qaida at bay without being swallowed by the quagmire of tribal politics. An array of experts from New Delhi to Paris offers their views in this section.
AFPAK Realities
Authors: CHELLANEY BRAHMA 
Published: April 2009

President Barack Obama pledged in his first TV interview—with the Arab satellite channel Al Arabiya—that America under his watch would “listen with respect and not dictate” to the world. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has further announced that this country will no longer just throw around its military might but will pursue a “smart power” approach by tempering the use of hard weaponry with the “soft power” of persuasion and cultural attraction. Or, as Madame Secretary's husband Bill has put it, America will now lead through the power of example instead of the example of power.The first exceedingly complex test of Obama's smart power strategy will be how to end George W. Bush's misguided “war on terror” in Afghanistan and Pakistan, keeping al‐Qaida at bay without being swallowed by the quagmire of tribal politics. An array of experts from New Delhi to Paris offers their views in this section.
Bring Hamas Into the Political Process
Authors: HALEVY EFRAIM 
Published: April 2009

President Barack Obama pledged in his first TV interview—with the Arab satellite channel Al Arabiya—that America under his watch would “listen with respect and not dictate” to the world. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has further announced that this country will no longer just throw around its military might but will pursue a “smart power” approach by tempering the use of hard weaponry with the “soft power” of persuasion and cultural attraction. Or, as Madame Secretary's husband Bill has put it, America will now lead through the power of example instead of the example of power.The first exceedingly complex test of Obama's smart power strategy will be how to end George W. Bush's misguided “war on terror” in Afghanistan and Pakistan, keeping al‐Qaida at bay without being swallowed by the quagmire of tribal politics. An array of experts from New Delhi to Paris offers their views in this section.
“Yes We Can” in the Middle East
Authors: CARTER JIMMY 
Published: April 2009

President Barack Obama pledged in his first TV interview—with the Arab satellite channel Al Arabiya—that America under his watch would “listen with respect and not dictate” to the world. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has further announced that this country will no longer just throw around its military might but will pursue a “smart power” approach by tempering the use of hard weaponry with the “soft power” of persuasion and cultural attraction. Or, as Madame Secretary's husband Bill has put it, America will now lead through the power of example instead of the example of power.The first exceedingly complex test of Obama's smart power strategy will be how to end George W. Bush's misguided “war on terror” in Afghanistan and Pakistan, keeping al‐Qaida at bay without being swallowed by the quagmire of tribal politics. An array of experts from New Delhi to Paris offers their views in this section.
Economic Crisis Can Deepen Global Links
Authors: ANNAN KOFI 
Published: April 2009

As the global financial crisis emanating from the United States shuts down world markets, can globalization survive? Will the resurgent intrusion of the state—and thus politics—into the market lead to protectionism and collapse, as was the case in the early 20th century? Or will the new interconnectivity of climate change and mutual economic dependence—especially between China and the US—deepen global links?The former mayor of Shanghai, legendary Nobel economist Paul Samuelson and Third Way guru Anthony Giddens ponder those questions in this section.
Swedish Lessons
Authors: BILDT CARL 
Published: April 2009

As the global financial crisis emanating from the United States shuts down world markets, can globalization survive? Will the resurgent intrusion of the state—and thus politics—into the market lead to protectionism and collapse, as was the case in the early 20th century? Or will the new interconnectivity of climate change and mutual economic dependence—especially between China and the US—deepen global links?The former mayor of Shanghai, legendary Nobel economist Paul Samuelson and Third Way guru Anthony Giddens ponder those questions in this section.
Lessons for the West from Asian Capitalism
Authors: MAHBUBANI KISHORE 
Published: April 2009

As the global financial crisis emanating from the United States shuts down world markets, can globalization survive? Will the resurgent intrusion of the state—and thus politics—into the market lead to protectionism and collapse, as was the case in the early 20th century? Or will the new interconnectivity of climate change and mutual economic dependence—especially between China and the US—deepen global links?The former mayor of Shanghai, legendary Nobel economist Paul Samuelson and Third Way guru Anthony Giddens ponder those questions in this section.
Taming Capitalism
Authors: SARKOZY NICOLAS 
Published: April 2009

As the global financial crisis emanating from the United States shuts down world markets, can globalization survive? Will the resurgent intrusion of the state—and thus politics—into the market lead to protectionism and collapse, as was the case in the early 20th century? Or will the new interconnectivity of climate change and mutual economic dependence—especially between China and the US—deepen global links?The former mayor of Shanghai, legendary Nobel economist Paul Samuelson and Third Way guru Anthony Giddens ponder those questions in this section.
Contact hypersensitivity and allergic contact dermatitis among school children and teenagers with eczema
Authors: Czarnobilska Ewa , Obtulowicz Krystyna , Dyga Wojciech , Wsolek‐Wnek Katarzyna , Spiewak Radoslaw 
Published: April 2009

Background:  Patch testing is an essential procedure in the investigation of eczema in children.Objectives:  To analyse the frequency of contact hypersensitivity and allergic contact dermatitis among Polish children with eczema.Patients/methods:  During an allergy screening programme involving 9320 children aged 7 and 16 years, 12.6% reported symptoms of chronic/recurrent eczema. From this group, a representative sample of 229 eczema children underwent patch testing: 96 children aged 7 years and 133 teenagers aged 16 years. Patch testing was with 10 allergens: methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), nickel sulfate, mercury ammonium chloride, thimerosal, cobalt chloride, potassium dichromate, lanolin, fragrance mix I, Myroxylon pereirae (balsam of Peru), and colophonium.Results:  49.4% tested children were found patch test (PT) positive. 43.8% of 7 year olds with eczema were PT positive, with sensitization to nickel sulfate (30.2%), thimerosal (10.4%), cobalt chloride (8.3%), fragrance mix I (7.3%), MCI/MI (6.3%), potassium dichromate (6.3%), M. pereirae (3.1%), mercury ammonium chloride (2.3%), and colophonium (1.0%). 52.6% teenagers were PT positive, with sensitization to nickel sulfate (23.3%), thimerosal (27.8%), cobalt chloride (10.5%), potassium dichromate (6.0%), mercury ammonium chloride (2.3%), M. pereirae (1.5%), and MCI/MI (0.8%). The final diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis was confirmed in 36% of 7 year olds and 26% of 16 year olds.Conclusions:  Every second child with eczema is PT positive, whereas every third child is finally diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis.
Erythrocyte‐derived microvesicles may transfer phosphatidylserine to the surface of nucleated cells and falsely ‘mark’ them as apoptotic
Authors: Liu Rui , Klich Izabela , Ratajczak Janina , Ratajczak Mariusz Z. , Zuba‐Surma Ewa K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLysis of erythrocytes using hypotonic solutions is one approach to remove red blood cells (RBCs) from umbilical cord blood (UCB), bone marrow (BM), and peripheral blood (PB) before flow cytometric analysis or sorting of nucleated cells (NCs). Our team employed this separation step to prepare UCB‐, BM‐, or PB‐derived cells to sort very small embryonic‐like stem cells (VSELs). We noticed that depletion of RBCs from UCB by hypotonic lysis resulted in a significant increase in the number of NCs including VSELs that bind Annexin‐V (Ann‐V). Surprisingly, these cells were not apoptotic and displayed normal proliferative potential. To explain this discrepancy, we show that RBC‐derived microvesicles (RMV) released during erythrocyte lysis may transfer phosphatidylserine (PS) to the surface of NCs and ‘mark’ them falsely positive as apoptotic cells. This observation should be considered whenever Ann‐V binding viability assays are employed to evaluate the quality of NCs depleted from erythrocytes via hypotonic lysis.
Vitamin D production in psoriasis patients increases less with narrowband than with broadband ultraviolet B phototherapy
Authors: Osmancevic Amra , Landin‐Wilhelmsen Kerstin , Larkö Olle , Wennberg Ann‐Marie , Krogstad Anne Lene 
Published: April 2009

Background: Phototherapy of psoriasis is an effective treatment. In addition to standard broadband ultraviolet radiation B (UVB), (280–320 nm), narrowband phototherapy (NBUVB) (monochromatic UV between 311 and 312 nm) has become an important treatment for psoriasis. The same wavelength range of UVB (290–315 nm) induces synthesis of vitamin D. The aim was to compare the effect of broadband with NBUVB therapy on vitamin D synthesis in patients with psoriasis.Methods: Sixty‐eight Caucasian patients (17 women and 51 men) mean age 54.1 ± 16.0 years, with active plaque psoriasis, were treated with broadband UVB (n=26) or NBUVB (n=42) two to three times/week for 8–12 weeks. The serum concentrations of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3), 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3), intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium and creatinine were measured before the first exposure and after the last dose of radiation.Results: In broadband UVB treated patients, 25(OH)D3 increased from 37.9 ± 16.9 to 69.4 ± 19.7 ng/ml (P<0.0001) and in patients treated with NBUVB from 34.8 ± 11.9 to 55.3 ± 17.6 ng/ml (P<0.0001) and P=0.008 between the treatment groups. PTH decreased on broadband UVB (P<0.05). The serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3, calcium or creatinine remained unaltered.Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D3 in psoriasis patients increased less with NBUVB than with broadband UVB phototherapy. Psoriasis improved on both regimens.
Sun exposure behavior and protection practices in a Mediterranean population: a questionnaire‐based study
Authors: Nikolaou Vasiliki , Stratigos Alexander J. , Antoniou Christina , Sypsa Vana , Avgerinou Georgia , Danopoulou Ifigenia , Nicolaidou Electra , Katsambas Andreas D. 
Published: April 2009

Objective: Skin cancer campaigns have only recently been implemented in a wide scale in Greece. In order to better target those individuals at risk, we aimed to explore sun exposure behaviors in a sample of the Greek population.Methods: A total of 802 subjects, randomly selected among the residents of the two largest Greek cities, underwent a questionnaire‐based telephone interview, assessing the degree of sun exposure patterns and knowledge of skin cancer risk factors.Results: Females more commonly (90%) used sunscreens compared with males (67.5%), and among sunscreen users, only 8% used products with SPF <10. Almost half of the participants (48%) preferred going to the beach during the midday hours. Over exposure to the sun was mostly reported by individuals with phototypes III/IV and of younger age (18–35 years). Most participants were aware of sun exposure as a cause of skin cancer, but among those who did not, 41% were younger than 34 years of age.Conclusions: In our survey, significant differences in age, sex and phototypes were observed with regard to sun exposure patterns and sunscreen use. Educational campaigns should focus more on younger age groups, encouraging a more complete set of photoprotective measures. However, potential trial limitations inherent in self‐reported measures should be taken into account.
Dysplastic nevus syndrome with development of multiple melanomas. A surgical concept for prophylaxis
Authors: Brod Corinna , Schippert Wilfried , Breuninger Helmut 
Published: April 2009

SummaryA 58‐year‐old man presented in 2001 with dysplastic nevus syndrome with at least 300 nevi and about 100 clinically highly atypical nevi. Three melanomas had been excised by a private dermatologist within the past year. We then removed two additional melanomas. Between 2002 and 2003, 117 nevi which were atypical on dermatoscopy were removed; most by horizontal (shave) excision. Adequate clinical and dermatoscopic control was not feasible due to the large number of atypical nevi. In order to reduce the number of nevus cells, we treated test sites with both dermabrasion and split‐thickness excision. The latter proved to be more efficient and was used to completely excise the skin of the back, as well as parts of the arms and chest in two sessions under general anesthesia. Wound healing was uneventful.Following these procedures, adequate clinical and dermatoscopic monitoring of the remaining nevi was possible and only a few had to be removed. No more melanomas appeared in the treated areas.
Nestedness, SLOSS and conservation networks of boreal herb‐rich forests
Authors: Hokkanen Päivi J. , Kouki Jari , Komonen Atte 
Published: April 2009

AbstractQuestion: Herb‐rich patches are biodiversity hotspots for vascular plants in boreal forests. We ask: Do species occurrences on herb‐rich patches show a non‐random, nested structure?; Does patch size relate to richness of edaphically demanding and red‐listed species?; Does a set of small patches support more edaphically demanding and red‐listed species than a few large patches of the equal area?Location: Eastern Finland (63°04′N, 29°52′E), boreal vegetation zone.Data: Vegetation mapping of 90 herb‐rich sites, varying from 0.05 to 6.93 ha in size and belonging to six different, predetermined forest site types.Results: Using the RANDNEST procedure, only one site type showed a significantly nested pattern, and patch area was not related to “nestedness” in any of the site types. The number of edaphically demanding and red‐listed plant species was positively correlated with a patch size in three forest site types. In all site types, a set of small patches had more edaphically demanding and red‐listed species than did a few large patches of the equal total area.Conclusions: For conservation, it is essential to protect representative sets of different herb‐rich forest site types because flora varies between the site types. Within herb‐rich forest site types, several small areas may support representative species composition. However, successful conservation requires thorough species inventories, because of the high level of heterogeneity between the herb‐rich patches.
The effects of gender and ethnicity on absolute vs. relative ratings for low‐fat school lunch entrées
Authors: Jowers Esbelle M. , Bartholomew John B. , Callen Karen J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSchool lunch interventions often have to compete with less healthy alternatives. This study was designed to test the absolute and relative preferences for three low‐fat entrées currently available within three schools in central Texas. Students rated three low‐fat school entrées: chef salad, turkey sandwich and baked potato. Two rating formats were used: (1) absolute ratings, scored individually, with five‐point scales; and (2) relative ratings indicated by a series of dichotomous, ‘yes–no’ forced choice questions. Across three elementary schools, 238 fifth grade students received parental consent to participate. One hundred thirty‐three (56%) were present for all taste tests. The final subject pool was comprised of 77.4% Hispanic and 22.5% Caucasian children. The absolute and relative ratings were analyzed via 2 (gender) × 2 (ethnicity) × 3 (entrée) repeated measures analyses of variance. Relationships among these variables were assessed with bivariate correlations. Absolute ratings were positive, averaging 4.05 on the five‐point scale, with no differences as a result of ethnicity or gender. Relative preferences were lower, indicating they may be a better measure of intention to select. A significant effect for food [F(2,126) = 4.09, P = 0.01], as well as for food × gender interaction, [F(2,126) = 8.03, P < 0.01] was found. Post hocs revealed lower ratings for chef salad compared with the other low‐fat entrées. Girls reported greater intention to select salad than boys (d = 0.62). These data suggest that although low‐fat items can be acceptable to children, absolute ratings may be a poor indicator of behaviour when children are provided a choice among competing entrées.
Vascular Risk Factors as Predictors of Sexual Function Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Authors: Mohamed Osama A. , Hamed Hamed A. , Roaiah Mohamed Farid , Helmy Tarek , Mahran Ali , Bennett Carol J. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A strong association between cardiovascular risk factors and erectile dysfunction (ED) was suggested. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the gold standard for surgical myocardial revascularization.

Aim
We herein evaluate the impact of vascular risk factors on postoperative sexual functions in patients undergo CABG.

Main Outcome Measures
ED severity by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and penile duplex study.

Methods
The present study included 100 patients who underwent CABG. The patients were evaluated by an abridged form of the IIEF-5 questionnaire, followed by CABG. Six months after surgery the erectile function of all patients was revaluated utilizing the IIEF-5.

Results
Number of risk factors was significantly associated with postoperative change in IIEF-5 score (P = 0.02). A post hoc analysis of the association revealed that patients with one risk factor were significantly more likely to have increased IIEF-5 scores (N = 18), whereas those with two or more risk factors were significantly more likely to have decreased IIEF-5 scores (N = 21, P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, those with no risk factors were significantly more likely to be stable (N = 8) compared with those with more than two risk factors, who were more likely to have decreased scores (P &lt; 0.05). The hierarchical logistic regression results showed that when examining all risk factors simultaneously, because of multicollinearity, only hyperlipidemia was significantly associated with postoperative ED (odds ratio [OR] = 11.33, confirdence interval [CI] = 1.25, 102.82). Frequency of intercourse was also significantly associated with postoperative ED after controlling for risk factors (OR = 0.71, CI = 0.52, 0.97).

Conclusions
This data clearly shows that the number of cardiovascular risk factors is an essential predictive factor for sexual function following surgery. Only hyperlipidemia may play a predictive role for the future sexual function of patients undergo CABG.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Vibrator Use by Men in the United States
Authors: Reece Michael , Herbenick Debra , Sanders Stephanie A. , Dodge Brian , Ghassemi Annahita , Fortenberry J. Dennis 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
While vibrating products have been recommended by clinicians for the treatment of male sexual dysfunctions, knowledge is lacking with regard to the prevalence of vibrator use among men in the United States, the characteristics of men who use vibrators, and whether there are relations between vibrator use and sexual function among men.

Aims
To establish lifetime and recent prevalence rates for vibrator use by men in the United States, to document the characteristics of men who use vibrators and their reasons for using vibrators, and to explore relations between men’s vibrator use and sexual function.

Methods
During April 2008, data were collected from a population-based cross-sectional survey of 1,047 men aged 18–60 years in the United States. Analyses were conducted using poststratification data weights.

Main Outcome Measure
Measures included sociodemographics, health status and health-related behaviors, sexual behaviors, vibrator use, and sexual function.

Results
For both solo and partnered sexual activities, the prevalence of men who had incorporated a vibrator into sexual activities during their lives was 44.8%, with 10.0% having done so in the past month, 14.2% in the past year, and 20.5% over 1 year ago. Men who had used vibrators, particularly those with more recent use, were more likely to report participation in sexual health promoting behaviors, such as testicular self-exam. Men who had used vibrators recently also scored higher on four of the five domains of the International Index of Erectile Function (erectile function, intercourse satisfaction, orgasmic function, and sexual desire).

Conclusions
Among men in the United States, vibrator use during solo and partnered sexual interactions is common and is associated with a wide array of positive sexual health characteristics. Future research should continue to explore ways in which men incorporate vibrators into solo sexual acts, partnered sexual play, and sexual intercourse.