bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endodoncia en Equidos. Estudio Experimental
Authors: Garcia F. , Sanromán F. , Llorens M. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEndodontics in Horses. An Experimental StudyA total of 44 experimental endodontic treatments were performed in incisors of eight horses of different ages. Four different endodontic pastes were used: Cloropercha, AH26 De Trey®, Eugenol‐Endometasone, and Universal N2. Gutapercha points were also included in the last two treatments. Access to the pulpar cavity of incisors was gained through their vestibular and occlusal faces. Holes drilled in vestibular faces were sealed with composite and those drilled in occlusal faces were sealed with Amalgama. Animals were observed during eighteen months at least after endodontics. Radiographic controls were done just after surgery and before slaughtering. Treated incisors and alveoli were studied histopathologically.During the experiment all animals were in good condition. They ate apparently without trouble, and neither clinical nor radiological signs were present.ResumenNuestro trabajo experimental fue realizado en dientes incisivos de ocho caballos de diferentes edades. Se realizaron un total de cuarenta y cuatro endodoncias. Se probaron cuatro pastas diferentes de relleno: Cloropercha AH26, Eugenol‐Endomethasone y N2, estas dos últimas con puntas de Gutapercha. Para llegar a la cavidad pulpar accedimos por la cara vestibular y por la cara oclusal en cada incisivo. Sellamos con Composite la cara vestibular y con Amalgama la cara oclusal. Los animales se observaron un mínimo de dieciocho meses tras las endodoncias.Se realizaron controles radiológicos posteriores a las intervenciones y en el momento del sacrificio. Luego se hizo un estudio histopatológico del diente y del alveolo.Todos los animales presentaron un estado general bueno en el tiempo que duró la experiencia, comieron con toda normalidad sin presentar sintomas clinicos, radiológicos ni histopatológicos.
Der Ruhe‐Nüchtern‐Sauerstoffverbrauch der Albinoratte und seine Abhängigkeit von der Körpermasse nach Elimination der Thyreoidea
Authors: Rufeger H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe resting and fasting oxygen consumption of the albino rat and its dependence on body mass after elimination of the thyroid glandThe resting and fasting oxygen consumption (RNSV) was determined in male albino rats, whose thyroid glands had either been surgically removed or reliably eliminated by injection of high radioactive iodine doses several weeks earlier. The animals were kept at an environmental temperature of 28°C and fed with Altromin Standard Diet.The two athyreotic groups were only insignificantly different with regard to the RNSV. Their RNSV was also only insignificantly different from the RNSV‐minimum observed in rats fed a nonprotein diet in an earlier study. In keeping with findings in those animals the intraspecific body mass exponents in the athyreotic groups were only insignificantly different from the values of b = 0. 75.The results presented confirm the hypothesis that the value b = 0. 75 calculated for the intraspecific body mass exponent reflects a causal relationship between the RNSV and the body mass, that is not influenced by further variables. Apparently this value can be determined from the thyroid independent part of the RNSV. The results also support the suggestion that feeding a non‐protein diet eliminates the influence of the thyroid on the RNSV at least temporarily.
Plasma Disposition and Tolerance of Aditoprim in Horses after Single Intravenous Injection
Authors: Fellenberg R. ‐L. von , Jordan J. ‐C. , Ludwig B. , Rehm W. F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAditoprim, a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent acting as a reversible dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, was intravenously injected into four 12 to 24‐year old horses at a dosage of 5mg/kg b. w. Blood samples were collected over a 48‐hour period after drug injection, and the separated plasma samples were assayed for aditoprim by high performance liquid chromatography. The body temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, and behaviour were recorded during the experiment. The bilirubin and urea concentrations were also determined in several plasma samples, and liver function tests were carried out.The concentrations of aditoprim in the plasma of horses were higher than the MIC of this drug against recently isolated pathogens for 6–13 h (Pasteurella haemolytica A 1) to 48 h (E. coli). The main pharmacokinetic characteristics of aditoprim in horses were: a large volume of distribution, reaching a mean value of 7. 81/kg; a mean plasma clearance of 5. 0l/min; a plasma elimination half‐life of 12 h.The clinical observations, blood chemistry, and liver function tests all demonstrated that the drug was well tolerated by the horses, although it was injected intravenously as a 25% solution.It was concluded that the 25% aditoprim injection solution could be used in horses without adverse effects at 5 mg/kg. Furthermore, aditoprim should demonstrate good antibacterial effects in horses when intravenously injected once a day.
Biochemical Profiles in Cows with Abomasal Displacement Estimated by Blood and Liver Parameters*
Authors: Muylle E. , van den Hende C. , Sustronck B. , Deprez P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe metabolic status of normal lactating cows and of cows suffering from abomasal dilatation was evaluated by examination of blood parameters and by determination of the fat and glycogen content in liver biopsies. The method for examination of the liver biopsies is described.In clinically normal lactating cows the liver contains less than 20 mg triglycerides (TG) and more than 20 mg glycogen per gram of wet tissue. Cows suffering from abomasal displacement all showed hyperglycemia and in most of them a fatty to very fatty liver was found.The degree of hyperglycemia depends on the amount of liver glycogen and is independent of the liver TG content. The degree of ketonemia also depends on the liver glycogen content.
Hypocalcemia Reduces Rate of Disappearance of Glucose from Plasma
Authors: Schlumbohm Christina , Harmeyer J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe influence of hypocalcemia on glucose disposal from plasma was studied in 4. 5 to 24 kg weaned, fasted, calcitriol deficient piglets, which suffered from type I inherited pseudo vitamin D deficiency rickets. The plasma glucose concentration of the piglets was clamped to 40% above its preinfusional level by a continuous intravenous infusion of glucose. This suppressed hepatic glucose production. Since the clamped plasma glucose concentration was below its renal threshold, the rate of steady state glucose infusion served as an estimate for glucose disposal from plasma. It was found that hypocalcemia, generated either by calcitriol deficiency or by continuous EDTA infusions, reduced glucose disposal from plasma by 56–76% compared to normocalcemic control piglets. It was suggested that the effect was not compounded by plasma phosphate, calcitriol or insulin. It was further suggested that hypocalcemia depressed the rate of glucose utilization.
Growth of the Early Bovine Fetus
Authors: Hart‐Elcock Laura , Baker R. D. , Leipold H. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTesting for bovine hereditary syndactyly used artificial insemination, superovulation, and embryo transfer. Thirty‐two suspect bulls and 9 suspect cows were mated with 10 syndactyly cows and two syndactylous bulls, respectively. 209 embryos were recovered and one, two, or three embryos was/were transfered into each recipient cow and 56 to 77 days after transfer, 174 fetuses were recovered. There was a significant relationship between amniotic fluid weights from the left uterine horn, fetal weights from right and left uterine horns, and fetal sex, side of corpus luteum, and number of embryo implants. Fetal membrane weights, amniotic fluid weights, fetal weights, and crown‐rump lengths increased significantly with fetal age, but recipient cow weight had no significant effect. Survival data from single, double, and triple embryo implants indicated that it was most profitable under these test conditions to implant two embryos per recipient cow, one in each uterine horn.
Variations in Oestradiol and Progesterone Receptor Levels in the Porcine Myometrium and Cervix During Pregnancy and Parturition
Authors: Thilander G. , Eriksson H. , Edqvist L. ‐E. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn vitro binding and exchange methods were used to determine the levels of oestradiol (E) and progesterone (P) receptors in cytosolic' and nuclear fractions of cells obtained from the porcine myometrium and cervix during pregnancy and parturition. The concentration of oestradiol cytosolic receptors (ERc) in non‐placental and placental myometrium and the cervix was low in early and mid‐pregnancy, increasing at late pregnancy and was highest at parturition. The oestradiol nuclear receptors (ERn) followed the same pattern in the 3 sampling areas. The levels of PRc, in non‐placental regions were low in early pregnancy, increased to late pregnancy but declined during parturition. In placental regions the PRc, value was high in early and mid‐pregnancy, but decreased at late pregnancy and parturition. The concentration of PRc in the cervix increased significantly at mid‐pregnancy and declined afterwards. In early and mid‐pregnancy the PRn content was high, and decreased at late pregnancy and parturition in the 3 sampling areas. The data obtained agree with the present theories on the endocrine mechanisms regulating receptor levels in the uterus. Moreover, these data support the concept that the uterine motility during pregnancy and parturition might be influenced by changes in myometrial steroid receptor concentrations.
The Effect of Feed Intake and Portal Volatile Fatty Acid Infusion on Insulin and Free Amino Acid Concentrations in Plasma of Lambs
Authors: Husvéth F. , Gálfi P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryExperiments were conducted with chronically catheterized growing lambs to study the effect of variations in rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) supply on blood plasma free amino acids (FAA) and insulin. Five male lambs were fed, then fasted for 72 h and refed. In the second experiment 48mmol of a VFA mixture per kg body weight was infused into the rumen vein of another 5 lambs. Rumen VFA, plasma FAA and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations were determined over the 72 h postfeeding period and during 24 h after refeeding as well as over 24 h after the VFA infusion.Both postprandial increase of rumen VFA and VFA infusion caused a significant increase of plasma FAA concentrations and an increase in IRI. Feed intake decreased the prefeeding total FAA (TFAA) concentration (2. 7mmol/1) to 1. 8 mmol/1 at 4 h after feeding. It rose again to 2. 5 mmol/1 at 24 to 72 h postfeeding. IRI seemed to have the highest concentrations when the TFAA were the lowest. VFA infusion also decreased the plasma TFAA, to about half of the preinfusional value. IRI, however, showed a five‐fold increase after infusion.The results of these experiments show that variations in VFA absorption from the rumen due to different nutritional stages result in changes of the plasma FAA concentrations. Insulin seems to have an important role in the control of these changes.
Pregnancy Rate of Dairy Cows Following Synchronization of Estrus with Cloprostenol, hCG and Estradiol Benzoate
Authors: López‐Gatius F. , Vega‐Prieto B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAfter assessment of luteal function by the milk progesteron test, oestrus was synchronized in 78 lactating Friesian cows with a luteolytic dose of cloprostenol which was followed by injection of hCG and estradiol benzoate 12 hours later. The cows were inseminated 48 hours after the injection of cloprostenol. Thirty‐eight of the 78 cows became pregnant (48. 7 per cent), compared with 59 of the 115 cows (51. 3 percent) which were inseminated at natural oestrus. These results suggest that in dairy cows synchronized with cloprostenol, hCG and estradiol benzoate fertility is not altered.
Distribution of Labelled Cysteine and Methionine in the Matrix of the Stratum Medium of the Wall and in the Laminar Layer of the Equine Hoof
Authors: Ekfalck A. , Appelgren L. E. , Funkquist B. , Jones B. , Obel N. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe distribution of35‐S‐labelled cysteine and methionine in the epidermis of the equine hoof following 2 hours of intra‐arterial injection was studied by microautoradiography. Material for autoradiography was obtained by biopsy about 1 hour after termination of the intra‐arterial injection and also 10 and 40 days later. In the specimens obtained one hour after the injection of labelled cysteine and methionine, the amount of radioactivity in the matrix and in the most proximal part of the laminar layer was very high. There was a clear difference between the distribution of the two labelled amino acids in the keratinizing epidermis of the hoof. Cystine was located mainly in keratinocytes of the keratogenous zone in the matrix and in the nucleated keratmocytes that formed the incompletely keratinized basal part of the primary epidermal laminae and covered the lateral surface of the outer, fully keratinized part of those laminae. Methionine was located mainly in the stratum basale and in the stratum spinosum of the matrix and in the secondary epidermal laminae of the laminar layer. In the specimens obtained 10 days after injection of labelled cysteine a considerable number of keratinocytes, both in the matrix and in the laminar layer, had attained terminal differentiation with residual labelling. Neither in the cysteine specimens obtained after 40 days or in the methionine specimen obtained after 10 days was radioactivity significantly above the basal level observed in the hoof epidermis.The possible importance of the results for research on the pathogenesis of laminitis and on the growth of the hoof is discussed.
The Phagocytic Activity of Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes Isolated from Normal Uterus and that with Experimentally Induced Inflammation in Cows*
Authors: Kluciński W. , Targowski S. P. , Miernik‐Degórska E. , Winnicka A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe purpose of the study was the determination of the activity of the neutrophils isolated from a physiologically sound (non‐inflammed) uterus 2 days after ovulation, and comparison of this activity with that of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) obtained from an uterus which had undergone experimentally induced specific or non‐specific inflammatory reaction. The study was carried out on 20 cows between the 2nd and the 8th day after ovulation. Activity of PMNs was determined on the basis of the per cent of these cells with Fc receptors for IgG on their surface, and on the basis of assessment of the phagocytic activity. The Fc receptors were determined by the rosette test. The phagocytic activity of PMNs was determined in relation to two standard strains ofS. aureusSmith which were phagocytized by mediation of Fc receptors andS. aureus305 phagocytized by mediation of the “non‐immunological” receptors. The study showed that the inflammatory process in the uterus caused intensive migration of large numbers of PMNs into the lumen. These PMNs have their properties altered: there is a significantly lower per cent of cells with Fc receptors in this cell population and lower Fc‐dependent phagocytic activity. A significant rise in the phagocytic activity mediated by non‐immunological receptors occurs at the same time in this cell population.
Teat Lesions with Reference to Housing and Milking Management
Authors: øSterås O. , Vågsholm I. , Lund A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPotential associations between teat lesions and housing, hoof care, milking machine and milking management, were investigated. Overmilking, pulsation ratios of 71%, height of manger edge in the short type of stalls, and insufficient hoof care were associated with an increased incidence of teat lesions. The associations of pulsation ratio and overmilking suggest that factors disposing for teat end oedema and/or irritation during milking might cause teat lesions. Accordingly, milking machine control and milking technique evaluation might help in decreasing the incidence of teat lesions, together with correct constructed stalls and good hoof care. These factors should receive attention in dairy herd health programmes.
The Effect of Stress on Host Defense System and on Lung Damage in Calves Experimentally Infected withPasteurella HaemolyticaType A 1
Authors: Binkhorst G. J. , Henricks P. A. J. , Ingh T. S. G. A. M. v. d. , Hajer R. , Nijkamp F. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis paper describes the influence of stress, immediately before a massive inoculation of a logphaseP. haemolyticaA 1 culture in brain‐heart‐infusion broth by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 5 months old conventional calves.Differences in phagocytic cell function and numbers, lung function and lung tissue damage between stressed and non‐stressed, infected calves were studied.Compared with the non‐stressed calves before infection, the superoxide generation by blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes of the stressed animals was markedly reduced immediately after a 2 hours stress period, but it recovered within 3 days.The total numbers of phagocytic cells, harvested from lung lavage fluid 3 days after inoculation were twice as high in the non‐stressed calves than in the stressed calves. In contrast, no differences in pulmonary lesions and functions were found between stressed or non‐stressed calves. The role of several stress factors on infiltration and metabolic response of polymorphonuclear leucocytes inP. haemolyticainfections and the effects of bacterial endotoxin and leukotoxin on alveolar and vascular injury are discussed.
Über die Glucocorticoid‐Wirkung auf den Glucose‐Stoffwechsel von Zwergziegen1,2
Authors: Sandner N. , Stangassinger M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEffects of a Glucocorticoid on Glucose Metabolism in Pygmy Goats 2. Glucose Turnover and RecyclingIn the present study glucose kinetic parameters like pool size, distribution volume and rates of total entry and irreversible loss were determined in four castrated male African pygmy goats during hyperglycemia induced by an intravenous glucocorticoid injection (0. 25 mg dexamethasone = DXM per kg body weight). Experiments were done at two different metabolic states, “fed” once daily and “fasted” after three days of starvation. The use of [U‐14C]‐ together with [2‐3H]‐ or [6‐3H]‐glucose made it possible to show changes in rates of gluconeogenesis, phosphorylation and specific recycling of glucose‐C (e. g. lactate/alanine).During glucocorticoid induced hyperglycemia (+ 45%) in fed animals de novo synthesis of glucose (+5%) and lactate/alanine recycling increased (+4%).Rates of irreversible loss for all applied tracers in fasted animals formed only two thirds of the values of fed animals. During hyperglycemia (+40%) after DXM‐injection de novo synthesis of glucose (+8%) and lactate/alanine recycling also increased (+27%). Furthermore the rate of phosphorylation of glucose decreased in fasted pygmy goats.The increase in availability of glucose both in fed and fasted animals is due to an increase in gluconeogenesis. In fasted animals additionally a decrease in the rate of phosphorylation and therefore of the peripheral glucose turnover has to be considered.ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden Pool, Verteilungsraum, Gesamteintrittsrate (GER) und irreversibler Verlust (IRL) als Parameter des Glucosestoffwechsels an vier kastrierten männlichen Afrikanischen Zwergziegen bei einer durch Glucocorticoid (0,25 mg Dexamethason / kg KGW, intravenös) induzierten Hyperglykämie bestimmt. Die Versuche wurden bei einmal täglich gefütterten Tieren und nach 3tägigem Futterentzug (hungernd) durchgeführt. Der Einsatz von [U‐14C]‐ und [2‐3H]‐ oder [6‐3H]‐Glucose ermöglichte die zusätzliche Darstellung von Veränderungen bei der Gluconeogenese, der Phosphorylierungsrate und spezifischer Recyclingraten von Glucose (z. B. über Lactat/Alanin).Bei den gefütterten Tieren war wahrend der Glucocorticoid‐induzierten Hyperglykämie (+45%) die Neusyntheserate von Glucose um 5% und das Lactat/Alanin‐Recycling um 4% erhöht.Die irreversiblen Verluste der hungernden Tiere lagen fur alle venvendeten Glucosemar‐kierungen um ein Drittel niedriger als die Vergleichswerte gefiitterter Tiere. Nach DXM‐Behandlung stieg wahrend der Hyperglykamie (+40%) auch die Neusynthese von Glucose um 8% und das Lactat/Alanin‐Recycling um 27% an. Zusätzlich nahm in diesem Stoffwechselzustand die Phosphorylierungsrate von Glucose um 20% ab.Die bei beiden Stoffwechselzustanden festgestellte Zunahme der Glucoseverfugbarkeit ist auf eine Steigerung der Gluconeogenese zurückzuführen, wobei im Hungerzustand zusätzlich eine Abnahme der Phosphorylierungsrate und damit des peripheren Glucoseumsatzes zu berücksichtigen ist.
bSTH and IGF‐I Levels in Blood and Milk of Black and White Dairy Cows before and after Application of Recombinantly Derived Bovine Somatotropin
Authors: Mielke H. , Lochmann G. , Simon I. , Bier H. , Jahreis G. , Hesse V. , Gallowitsch F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn an 8 week trial period six black and white dairy cows were injected with Optiflex®, a slow release formulation of recombinantly derived bovine somatotropin (BST). Three cows each were injected at two‐weeks (BST‐14) or four weeks (BST‐28) intervals. The dosage was 640 mg BST per injection. Average milk yield increased by 18. 3% and 13. 8% in groups BST‐14 and BST‐28 respectively. Blood plasma levels of bSTH and IGF‐I increased till day 10 post‐injection; thereafter they declined, except IGF‐I levels in group BST‐14 which persisted continuously elevated with minor variations. No bSTH above detection level could be assayed in the milk of treated animals. The IGF‐I level in milk was slightly elevated after BST‐application but stayed within the normal range.
Rumination may be Stimulated by a Recording Balloon in the Reticulum of the Sheep
Authors: Nicholson T. , Belkhiri M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryRumination activity was recorded by three different methods in five sheep which had been fasted for 12 hours. When a balloon on plastic tubing was passed into the reticulum via a rumen cannula there was significantly more rumination recorded during the subsequent three hours than when rumination was recorded by registering jaw movements alone. The greater part of this stimulation occurred in the first half hour of recording. There was a significantly greater effect when the tubing to the reticulum balloon was stiffened with wire. Care is needed in comparing rumination times determined by different procedures.
Malignant Lymphomas of Thymus Origin in Two Sows
Authors: Kadota K. , Ishino S. , Hashimoto N. , Nakajima H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo cases of swine thymic lymphoma were investigated by electron microscopy and the immunoperoxidase method for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), and furthermore sheep erythrocyte rosette assay was applied to one case. In case 1, immunoblastoid cells predominated and smaller cells were admixed with them. Many neoplastic cells were TdT‐positive and formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes at 4 °C, but about half of them formed rosettes at 37 °C. Ultrastructurally the neoplastic cells were characterized by highly irregular nuclei, poorly developed organelles and clustered dense bodies. The neoplasm in case 2 was composed of medium‐sized to large cells and the latter predominated. A few of the neoplastic cells stained positively with anti‐TdT serum. Ultrastructurally the neoplastic cells were characterized by nuclear convolution, narrow cytoplasmic bands and clustered dense bodies. The morphological features of thymic lymphomas were discussed in comparison with those of other swine lymphomas and lymphomas of other animals. Histological and immunological progression into T‐immunoblastoid cells in case 1 was also discussed.