bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homöopathie: therapeutische Wirksamkeit und Anwendung in der
klinischen Praxis
Authors: Seifert Olga , Baerwald Christoph 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungHomöopathie, die mit kleinen Dosen verschiedener Substanzen Selbstregulations-
und Selbstheilungsprozesse anregen soll, ist seit dem 19. Jahrhundert populär.
Heutzutage liegt die weltweite Prävalenz aller Anwendungen der Homöopathie im
Bereich von 0,2–9,8% (bevölkerungsbezogene Erhebungen zur Anwendung
komplementärer Therapien). In diesem Review werden Metaanalysen mit gepoolten
Daten aus Placebo kontrollierten klinischen Studien zur Homöopathie und einige
Diskussionsartikel zur klinischen Wirksamkeit der Homöopathie analysiert. Die
Daten sowohl aus randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien als auch aus
experimentellen Untersuchungen zeigen Wirkungen homöopathischer Mittel, die der
modernen rationalen Grundlage der Medizin widersprechen. Systematische
Übersichten von Placebo kontrollierten Studien zur Homöopathie berichteten, dass
ihre Wirkungen mehr als Placebo zu sein scheinen. Es fehlt an schlüssigen
Beweisen für die Wirksamkeit der Homöopathie bei den meisten Erkrankungen sowie
bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen. Die Homöopathie hat es bisher nicht vermocht,
ihren Stellenwert durch die Anwendung evidenzbasierter Prinzipien zu
demonstrieren. Zukünftige Studien sollten sich auf die Anwendung der Homöopathie
bei bestimmten Krankheiten oder Krankheitsgruppen konzentrieren, anstatt Daten
aus allen klinischen Studien erneut zu analysieren.
Recovery of the Total Birth Brachial Plexus Palsy without Surgical Treatment: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study and Literature Review
Authors: Vinitpairot Chaiyos , Jianmongkol Surut 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Spontaneous recovery of a birth brachial plexus disorder is difficult to predict. Although root avulsion and total plexus injury is indicated for surgical management, early nerve surgery is still doubtful. Hand motion is obviously an important indicator for predicting the function of an affected limb. However, the timing for diagnosing a transient or true total plexus injury from hand recovery is controversial. This study aimed to report the recovery time of total birth brachial plexus palsy in patients who did not undergo surgery due to various reasons.
Methods In this 15-year retrospective chart review, 45 patients of total birth brachial plexus injury with a mean follow-up time of 34.5 months, were included. Although patients met surgical indications, surgical management was abandoned for a variety of reasons. Imaging was not performed routinely and, nerve conduction study and Horner's syndrome were not consistently recorded in the past. All patients were evaluated for clinical improvement by motor power grading. The recovery time was reported as the median and interquartile range.
Results Forty-five patients were diagnosed with total birth brachial plexus injury. Out of 45 patients, 36 showed clinical evidence of recovering their hand motion within a median of 3 months. The median time for the recovery of elbow flexion and shoulder abduction was 4 months. The median for achieving antigravity or full motion recovery of elbow flexion, shoulder abduction, and hand flexion were 10, 10.5, and 7 months, respectively.
Conclusion In this study, spontaneous recovery of shoulder, elbow and hand motion substantially occurred in the patient diagnosed with a total birth brachial plexus palsy. True total plexus palsy can be distinguished from transient palsy by the recovery of hand motion at 3 months. Most of the patients, who had spontaneous recovery, potentially achieved antigravity or full hand movement without surgery.
Inclinometers and Apps Are Better than Goniometers, Measuring Knee Extension Range of Motion in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Patients: Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change for the Three Devices
Authors: Pantouveris Michail , Kotsifaki Roula , Whiteley Rodney 
Published: May 2024

AbstractKnee extension range of motion (ROM) measurement is important in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The main objective is to evaluate the reliability and the minimal detectable change (MDC) of three methods of measuring knee extension ROM in ACL patients. The three common goniometric devices were a universal goniometer, an inclinometer, and a smartphone app. During a single-visit, knee extension ROM was measured in both knees of 92 ACL-injured or -reconstructed patients by two testers blinded to the other's measures. Intrarater, interrater, and test–retest intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1) were calculated. Intrarater ICC2,1 was excellent for the three devices ranging from 0.92 to 0.94, with the inclinometer yielding the best results (ICC2,1 = 0.94 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.91–0.96]). Interrater ICC2,1, however, varied from 0.36 to 0.80. The inclinometer and the smartphone app yielded similar results 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71–0.86) and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70–0.86), respectively, whereas the universal goniometer was 0.36 (95% CI: 0.17–0.53). Test–retest ICC2,1 for the inclinometer was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84–0.93), 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79–0.91) for the app, and 0.83 (95% CI:0.74–0.89) for the goniometer. The intrarater, interrater, and test–retest MDC95 values ranged from 2.0 to 3.5, 3.7 to 10.4, and 2.6 to 5.4 degrees, respectively. The goniometer was the least reliable. The inclinometer is the recommended device due to its highest ICC scores among the three devices and ease of use.
Antibiotikaverordnungsraten bei ambulant behandelten Infektionen der
oberen Atemwege anhand von Routinedaten einer deutschen
Krankenkasse
Authors: Arens Birgit , L'Hoest Helmut , Wolf Alissa , Hennig Beata , Marschall Ursula , Nachtigall Irit 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Akute unkomplizierte obere Atemwegserkrankungen (ARE) sind
häufige Gründe für Antibiotikaverordnungen im ambulanten Sektor, obwohl diese
zu>90% viral bedingt und in der Mehrzahl selbstlimitierende Erkrankungen
sind. Deutschland hat im europäischen Vergleich eine niedrige
Antibiotikaverordnungsrate, jedoch zeigen sich regionale Unterschiede. Die von
der ESAC-Studiengruppe (European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption
Network) entwickelten krankheitsspezifischen Qualitätsindikatoren (QI)
adressieren die Verordnungsrate (Zielbereich<20%) und Wahl des Antibiotikums
(Zielbereich>80%) in einer allgemeinen Hausarztpopulation. Ziel dieser
Datenanalyse war die Operationalisierung der ESAC-Net-QI mit Hilfe von
Sekundärdaten einer Krankenkasse auf Ebene der Erkrankungen und Betriebstätten
sowie die Analyse von möglichem Verbesserungspotential.
Material und Methoden Datengrundlage sind die vertragsärztlichen und
stationären Abrechnungsdaten sowie die Arzneiverordnungsdaten der BARMER
Krankenkasse (§§ 295, 300, 301 SGB V). Die Auswertung erfolgte für das Jahr
2022. Die kategorialen Merkmale werden als Häufigkeit und Prozent angegeben. Es
wurde eine größtmögliche Spezifität angestrebt, weshalb durch einen sehr
umfassenden Algorithmus potentiell risikobehaftete Krankheitsverläufe
ausgeschlossen wurden.
Ergebnisse Die Gesamtverordnungsrate von Antibiotika bei ARE lag im Jahr
2022 vor Anwendung der Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien bei 25%
(1.197.568/4.720.786). Durch den Algorithmus sank die Verordnungsrate für alle
ARE-Fälle auf 6% (80.786/1.365.646). Werden spezifische ARE-Indikationen
betrachtet, so erhielten jeweils 35% (13.465/38.913) der akuten Bronchitis- und
akuten Sinusitisfälle (4.971/14.051) eine Antibiotikaverordnung. Auf
Betriebsstättenebene erreichten für die Behandlung der akuten Bronchitis 38% der
Praxen (1.396/3.705) und der akuten Sinusitis 41% der Praxen (539/1.300) das
angestrebte QI Ziel von<20% Antibiotikaverordnungen. Nur 29% aller ARE-Fälle
mit Antibiotikaverordnung (23.733/80.786) erhielten ein Antibiotikum der 1.
Wahl.
Schlussfolgerung Die Datenanalyse zeigt, dass die
ESAC-Net-Qualitätsindikatoren für die akuten Atemwegsinfekte mit Hilfe von
Routinedaten der Krankenkassen auf Fall- und Betriebsstättenebene berechnet
werden können. Es fanden sich Hinweise auf Verbesserungspotentiale in der
Häufigkeit und Auswahl der verordneten Antibiotika für spezifische
Atemwegsinfektionen.
Time-of-Flight PET/CT Imaging of Ga-68-Dotatate: Normal Pattern, SUV Quantification, and Differences from Non-Time-of-Flight Imaging
Authors: Miller Matthew Clifton , Bansal Avani T. , Wingard Daniel , Lindenberg Maria Liza , Stocker Derek J. , Adler Stephen , Prasad Kalpna 
Published: May 2024

Purpose The biodistribution of gallium-68-dotatate (Ga-68-dotatate) and standardized uptake values (SUVs) using non-time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) cameras is well established. However, with the eventual retirement of older PET cameras and their replacement with newer, highly sensitive TOF PET/CT cameras, where SUVmax measurements are reportedly higher, updated knowledge of normal SUVmax range is needed and, to our knowledge, not previously reported. Our objectives are as follows:
Methods Fifty consecutive patients referred routinely to our nuclear medicine service (20 men, 30 women; median age 55 years) with presumed neuroendocrine tumors underwent Ga-68-dotatate scans on a PET-CT camera having capability of reconstructing both TOF/non-TOF images. Region of interests (ROIs) were drawn around 24 normal structures as well as the primary lesion with abnormal radiotracer uptake and SUVmax was measured. The same ROI was analyzed using both algorithms simultaneously and both TOF and non-TOF SUVmax values were compared.
Results Twelve hundred ROIs were evaluated. Non-TOF Ga-68-dotatate uptake in normal structures was in alignment with previously published studies. As compared to non-TOF, TOF images had better target to background ratios visually. TOF SUVmax was higher for all structures except for lung and brain. TOF SUVmax was more than double in adrenals/uncinate process of the pancreas; approximately 1.8 times in abnormal lesions, lymph nodes, pineal gland; and greater than 1.5 times in thyroid, breast, and pancreatic head.
Conclusion Normal database of Ga-68-dotatate TOF SUVmax is provided for common structures to aid visual detection of abnormalities objectively. Overall, TOF SUVmax measures higher in identical ROIs, with abnormal lesions measuring approximately 1.8 times higher versus non-TOF technology. These findings need to be taken in consideration when comparing patient scans imaged on different PET/CT technologies.
Disruptive (dis)engagement: platformisation as a global social policy
Authors: Koivusalo Meri , Svynarenko Arseniy , Mbare Benta , Perkiö Mikko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlobal digital platforms have become important actors for economy and work with social policy consequences. This article analyses strategies and actions of global digital platforms from the perspective of how and what kind of global social policy these represent. It draws from analysis of how platform company strategic approaches relate to rights, regulation, and redistribution, and then using abductive reasoning and mixed methods empirical case study in Europe, articulate challenges to future global social policy. It examines what priorities of platform companies imply to global social policy and identifies five political and strategic elements of importance for global social policy: (1) denial or avoidance of employer status, (2) identifying as a “tech company providing services”, (3) focus on private social insurance in contrast to statutory social security, (4) addressing social security as a market-based service through voluntary partnerships, and (5) investor driven business model and global engagement. Drawing from theoretical and empirical data, the article further examines potential countermeasures and solutions, which could be of relevance at different levels of governance. It concludes that social policy impacts of platform economy are more related to the business model than technology. Platform economy business models currently support upward redistribution and avoidance of regulatory measures to address minimum income, social protection, and workers’ rights, yet platform economy is data rich and also could provide scope for government and regulatory action.
Does timing matter? Language course participation and language outcomes amongst new immigrants
Authors: Wood Jonas , Lens Dries 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHost country language acquisition is widely considered an important factor to prevent the social and economic exclusion of immigrants. High-income countries invest considerably in language courses for new immigrants, yet hitherto our understanding of when participation in such courses seems to stimulate language acquisition remains limited. As a result, this article addresses whether the timing of language course enrolment is related to course outcomes in terms of credentialed language proficiency. This study benefits from longitudinal population data including all new migrants entering Flanders (Belgium) in 2009–2021, to assess whether associations between language course timing and outcomes persist, for different legal categories of immigrants, when controlling for compositional factors. Findings indicate that for most immigrant categories, negative associations between course postponement and host country language attainment are explained by migration background and human capital. However, amongst family and humanitarian migrants, a negative association between course timing and outcomes persists. This persistent negative linkage suggests a stronger vulnerability to less effective (informal) learning trajectories and downward spiralling opportunities and motivation in the case of language course postponement, but also highlights the need for future research using causal estimation strategies. As such, research on language course timing and outcomes contributes to the literature highlighting that timing – e.g. regarding asylum procedures, housing, but also language programmes – matters in immigrants’ trajectories of integration in host countries.
Reflexivity patterns in West-Slavic languages
Authors: Ivanová Martina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse differences in reflexive coding in Slovak, Czech and Polish and to evaluate
the factors responsible for using phonologically more or less complex reflexive markers. To address this issue, we looked at
preferred reflexive coding strategies in Slovak, Czech, and Polish, relying on data extracted from InterCorp multilingual corpus.
The results are then verified by data from monolingual corpora of investigated languages for one semantic group of verbs labelled
as ‘Prevarication’ in FrameNet. The results show that semantic frame underlying the meaning of lexical items cannot be the only
possible explanation for distribution of reflexive markers but there are also other semantic, syntactic and pragmatic factors
playing a pivotal role in reflexive coding strategies, often unique for a given language.
Abundant soliton solutions on fractional Kraenkel Manna Merle model (FKMM) via new extended of generalized exponential rational function approach (GERFA)
Authors: Ouahid Loubna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we use the generalized exponential rational function approach (GERFA) for constructing new solitary wave solutions for the fractional Kraenkel Manna Merle (FKMM) model, which is saturated ferromagnetic materials (MF) with a field outside that has very little conductivity, reflects the nonlinear of an ultrashort pulse. The proportional behavior of the suggested model is examined using the beta-derivative (BD). Through the use of this computational method, multiple types of solitons, such as kink, dark, anti-kink, periodic, bright, kink dark, kink bright, anti-kink dark, and anti-kink bright solitons, were obtained for (FKMM). Some of the revealed solutions’ 3D graphs are also employed in the numerical simulations. This investigation demonstrates the efficacy and simplicity of the offered strategy and the simple way to create many new solutions for different kinds of nonlinear partial differential equations, which have significant applications in the engineering and applied sciences. The findings show that the model theoretically has extraordinarily rich soliton structures.
Second order frequency selective surface design multi-functional at two bands
Authors: Shah Gulab , Cao Qunsheng , Hassan Tayyab , Khan Asaf 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes an active frequency selective surface which furnishes three bands of higher order filtering characteristics. It controls multi-functional features, at two bands (centered at 2 GHz and 4 GHz), namely electromagnetic response and polarization of plane wave. Nine discrete filtering outputs are independently controlled through switching in bias supply to four PIN diodes embedded in two layers of AFSS unit cell. Two multifunctional bands hold stability upto 45° angles under all polarizations of wave. Passive band at around 5.9 GHz contributed by all the independent binary combinations exhibits stability upto 45° angles of TE wave only. The equivalent circuit method is used to explain and verify the designed structure. Finally, the AFSS structure is fabricated and reliability of the simulation results is verified through experiments.
Determining the Drucker-Prager Cap model constants using experimental, numerical and optimization for compacted Mg powders at different strain rates
Authors: Rahmani K , Bakhtiari H , Malekmohammadi H , Sadooghi A , Khakbaz F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article investigates an inverse approach to determine the coefficients of the Drucker-Prager model for magnesium powder. The approach involves conducting finite element simulations of the powder compression process within LS-DYNA software, employing the Drucker-Prager material model. The goal is to minimize the disparity between force-displacement outcomes derived from simulations and experimental data using a surrogate optimization method. Experimental data were obtained through a uniaxial compression test and served as a basis for adjusting the Cap model coefficients. A random selection of coefficients was made using the Latin cube method and simulations were performed based on the initial coefficients. The optimization was then performed using the particle swarm algorithm over 20 iterations. The optimized coefficients were validated against experimental data, demonstrating close agreement. By utilizing the extracted coefficients, the relative density of the samples was calculated at three different compaction speeds, i.e., 15.5 m s−1 (using a Hopkinson bar), 8 m s−1 (using a drop weight), and 1 mm min−1 (using an Instron machine). The analysis revealed the highest relative density and stress in the densified sample via the Hopkinson bar method, reaching 99.83% and 1.1 GPa, respectively.
The Influence of Different Solar System Planetary Ephemerides on Pulsar Timing
Authors: Dai Jian-Peng , Han Wei , Wang Na 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pulsar timing offers a comprehensive avenue for exploring diverse topics in physics and astrophysics. High-precision solar system planetary ephemeris is crucial for pulsar timing as it provides the positions and velocities of solar system planets including the Earth. However, it is inevitable that inherent inconsistencies exist in these ephemerides. Differences between various ephemerides can significantly impact pulsar timing and parameter estimations. Currently, pulsar timing highly depends on the JPL DE ephemeris, for instance, the Pulsar Timing Array data analysis predominantly utilizes DE436. In this study, we examine inconsistencies across various ephemeris series, including JPL DE, EPM, and INPOP. Notably, discrepancies emerge particularly between the current ephemeris DE436 and the earliest released ephemeris DE200, as well as the most recent ephemerides, e.g., DE440, INPOP21A, and EPM2021. Further detailed analysis of the effects of ephemeris on geometric correction procedures for the conversion of measured topocentric times of arrival is presented in this study. Our researches reveal that variations in the Roemer delays across different ephemerides lead to distinct differences. The timing residuals and the fact that these discrepancies can be readily incorporated into the subsequent pulsar parameters, leading to inconsistent fitting estimates, suggest that the influence of errors in the ephemeris on the timing process might currently be underappreciated.
Investigating antitumor therapeutic efficacy using magnetic hyperthermia of Fe3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Narayanaswamy Venkatesha , Jagal Jayalakshmi , Al-Omari Imaddin A. , Khurshid Hafsa , Haider Mohamed , Obaidat Ihab M. , Issa Bashar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Four sets of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using a one-pot hydrothermal method using ethylene glycol (EG) and water reaction mixture. The EG coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and DLS (dynamic light scattering). The nanoparticles hydrodynamic sizes are in the range 60-100 nm and showed good dispersibility in water and cellular medium without any aggregation. The specific absorption rate (SAR) under an alternating magnetic field (AMF) was measured to evaluate the magneto hyperthermic effect of the nanoparticles under field amplitudes of 51.85, 43.87, 35.89, and 27.92 kA/m and field frequencies in the range 384.5-167.30 kHz. The nanoparticles synthesized using 30% EG showed the highest SAR value of 372.95 W/g, whereas the particles synthesized using 70% EG showed a SAR value of 217.12 W/g. SAR values show a linear dependency on the AC frequency whereas the field amplitude displayed a nonlinear effect on the SAR. Breast cancer cells (MDA) treated with the nanoparticles for 30 minutes under an AMF of frequency of 384.5 kHz and strength of 24.67 kA/m showed a 50% decrease in cell viability. The cellular viability further decreased to 25% after 24 h treatment under the AMF which is remarkable for the therapeutic application of the nanoparticles. The apoptotic cell death showed a dependency on the AMF frequency and strength combinations.
The Scalability of Third Generation Photovoltaics: Deposition Techniques and Modularity
Authors: Ayoub Mohamad , Alashkar Adnan , Mdallal Ayman , Ibrahim Taleb , Khamis Mustafa , Alami Abdul Hai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The development of third-generation photovoltaic (TGPV) technologies promises to address some of the limitations of conventional silicon-based solar cells. However, the scalability of these technologies is a critical factor in their practical application. TGPV include Perovskite Solar Cells (PSC), Organic Solar Cells (OSC), and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). This paper reviews and summarizes the recent trends and research on the deposition techniques and modularity of TGPV. Various deposition techniques such as slot-die coating, thermal evaporation, and spray pyrolysis are discussed, along with their advantages and limitations. Modularity, which allows for the integration of TGPV cells into different structures, is also examined as a critical factor in scalability. The paper concludes that the scalability of TGPV technologies depends on the development of efficient and cost-effective deposition techniques and modularity, which will facilitate the integration of the TGPV cells into various structures and enable the widespread use of these promising technologies.