bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and liver cirrhosis in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Han Xinyu , Zhang Xin , Liu Zhenqiu , Fan Hong , Guo Chengnan , Wang Haili , Gu Yu , Zhang Tiejun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver cirrhosis are significant clinical concerns, especially among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, in China, there is a paucity of reliable evidence detailing the characteristics of NAFLD and liver cirrhosis in T2DM. Furthermore, the relationship between blood glucose levels and NAFLD prevalence remains unclear.MethodsData from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank were analyzed, including 6621 participants with T2DM. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography and liver cirrhosis was performed according to the health information systems. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to explore the potential risk factors for NAFLD and liver cirrhosis.ResultsThe prevalence of NAFLD was 59.36%, and liver cirrhosis was 1.43% among T2DM patients. In these patients, factors like age, being female, marital status, and obesity significantly increased the risk of NAFLD. Specifically, obesity had a strong positive association with NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] = 4.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.13–5.34). The higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) quartile was associated with a heightened NAFLD risk compared to the lowest quartile (all p < .001). The HbA1c‐NAFLD relationship displayed a linear that mimicked an inverted L‐shaped pattern. A significant positive association existed between HbA1c levels and NAFLD for HbA1c <8.00% (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.44–1.75), but this was not observed for HbA1c >8.00% (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.92–1.15).ConclusionSystematic screening for NAFLD is essential in T2DM patients, especially with poor glucose control and obesity in female.image
Long‐term survival of a patient with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and untreated multiple brain metastases treated with zorifertinib: A case report
Authors: Li Kang , Chen Bolin , Wang Jingyi , Wu Lin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBrain metastases (BM) are common in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and confer poor prognoses. Zorifertinib (AZD3759), an EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with high blood‐brain barrier penetration, has previously demonstrated promising systemic and intracranial antitumor activity in phase 1–3 studies. This is the first report of a patient with EGFR‐mutant (exon 21 L858R) NSCLC and symptomatic untreated multiple BM who achieved a long overall survival (OS) of more than 65 months after sequential treatment with zorifertinib and a third‐generation EGFR‐TKI. This new treatment paradigm offers a new treatment option and deserves further clinical exploration to prolong OS of patients with EGFR‐mutant NSCLC and untreated multiple BM.
Anaesthesia praCtice for Caesarean dElivery Snapshot Study (ACCESS): Protocol and baseline characteristics of registered centres
Authors: Weiniger C. F. , Brogly N. , Lustig A. , Van Den Bosch O. F. C. , Kranke P. , Lucas N. , Morau E. , Ekelund K. , Gunaydin B. , Romero C. Soledad , Afshari A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSpecific guidelines to manage caesarean delivery anaesthesia are lacking. A European multicentre study, ACCESS investigates caesarean delivery anaesthesia management in European centres. In order to identify ACCESS participating centres, a registration survey was created.ObjectiveThe aim of the current report is to describe the characteristics of ACCESS study participating centres, the rationale for the ACCESS study and the study methodology.Design and SettingThe ACCESS study is a European multicentre cross‐sectional study to describe anaesthesia management for caesarean delivery (CD) using a snapshot (2‐week) design. The ACCESS registration survey gathered: contact details for National Coordinators (NC); Lead Investigators (LI) per centre; centre annual CD volume; expected no. of CD during 2‐week snapshot window; centre practice information; data collection language. The ACCESS registration survey was launched July 2022 (Google Forms, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) and distributed through personal connections, national and international societies, social media networks, during Euroanaesthesia 2023, through the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care newsletter.ResultsThe ACCESS registration survey identified Lead Investigators for 418 centres, in 32 countries, representing an anticipated number of 15,073 CD cases over the planned 12‐month study period. A median (range) of 20 (2 to 400) CD cases are anticipated per centre during the 2‐week snapshot window. Most 366/418 (87.6%) centres are small, ≤2000 annual CD cases, 42 are medium 2000–5000 cases and 10 are large, ≥5000 annual CD cases. Registered centres reported in 134 (32.0%) centres that anaesthesia for caesarean delivery is performed mostly by a specialist obstetric anaesthesiologist.ConclusionThe ACCESS registration survey revealed variability in volume and CD practice as well as training‐levels and staffing among European countries. The ACCESS study (https://www.access-study.org/) aims to generate practice data to guide CD anaesthetic management strategies.
Division of labour in the production structure and mass production in pre‐war Japan: Lessons from the metal and machinery sectors in Osaka City
Authors: Moriwaki Shota 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUsing 1930s panel data from Osaka City, we estimate the production function in the metal and machinery sectors in Japan to identify the factors that influence the establishment of mass‐production methods. Subcontracting income per total revenue had a positive correlation with metal and machinery output. While material‐intensive technology was used, scale‐economy‐type technology was not observed in this sector. The greater return on capital for smaller plants was attributed to efficient capital stock utilisation and subsistence wages. The division of labour between firms, through which materials and parts were traded, contributed to output expansions in the 1930s.
Necrotising enterocolitis in a middle‐income country: Early onset and risk factors for mortality
Authors: Assenga Evelyne , Tooke Lloyd 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThere is limited literature available about necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This study sought to determine the proportion, pattern and risk factors for mortality among very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates with NEC in a middle‐income setting.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study was conducted on all infants with birth weights less than 1501 g admitted from 2018 to 2020 at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. Data were obtained from the Vermont Oxford Network and hospital folders.ResultsA total of 104/1582 (6.6%) neonates were diagnosed with NEC with a median onset of 8 days of life. The mortality rate was 39.0%, compared to the all‐cause mortality rate of 18.7% for VLBW neonates. Thirty‐two (32.0%) neonates with NEC were transferred for surgery of whom 10 (31.3%) died. Small for gestational age (p = 0.13), NEC stage 2B or above (p = 0,002), a positive blood culture (p = 0.018), a raised C‐reactive protein (p = 0.013), hyponatraemia (p = 0.004), anaemia requiring blood transfusion (p = 0.003) and thrombocytopenia requiring platelet transfusion (p = 0.033) were associated with mortality. A positive blood culture was found in 37.0% with a predominance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.ConclusionNEC has an early onset and a high mortality rate in our setting.
Optimization of vigabatrin dosage in children with epileptic spasms: A population pharmacokinetic approach
Authors: Molimard Agathe , Foissac Frantz , Bouazza Naïm , Gana Inès , Benaboud Sihem , Froelicher Léo , Hirt Déborah , Urien Saïk , Desguerre Isabelle , Treluyer Jean‐Marc , Chemaly Nicole , Nabbout Rima 
Published: April 2024

AimsVigabatrin is an antiepileptic drug used to treat some forms of severe epilepsy in children. The main adverse effect is ocular toxicity, which is related to the cumulative dose. The aim of the study is to identify an acceptable exposure range, both through the development of a population pharmacokinetic model of vigabatrin in children enabling us to calculate patient exposure and through the study of therapeutic response.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study including children with epilepsy followed at Necker‐Enfants Malades hospital who had a vigabatrin assay between January 2019 and January 2022. The population pharmacokinetic study was performed on Monolix2021 using a nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling approach. Children treated for epileptic spasms were classified into responder and nonresponder groups according to whether the spasms resolved, in order to identify an effective plasma exposure range.ResultsWe included 79 patients and analysed 159 samples. The median age was 4.2 years (range 0.3–18). A 2‐compartment model with allometry and creatinine clearance on clearance best fit our data. Exposure analysis was performed on 61 patients with epileptic spasms. Of the 22 patients who responded (36%), 95% had an AUC0–24 between 264 and 549 mg.h.L−1.ConclusionsThe population pharmacokinetic model allowed us to identify bodyweight and creatinine clearance as the 2 main factors explaining the observed interindividual variability of vigabatrin. An acceptable exposure range was defined in this study. A target concentration intervention approach using this pharmacokinetic model could be used to avoid overexposure in responder patients.
Weighing the moral status of brain organoids and research animals
Authors: Koplin Julian J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent advances in human brain organoid systems have raised serious worries about the possibility that these in vitro ‘mini‐brains’ could develop sentience, and thus, moral status. This article considers the relative moral status of sentient human brain organoids and research animals, examining whether we have moral reasons to prefer using one over the other. It argues that, contrary to common intuitions, the wellbeing of sentient human brain organoids should not be granted greater moral consideration than the wellbeing of nonhuman research animals. It does so not by denying that typical humans have higher moral status than animals, but instead by arguing that none of the leading justifications for granting humans higher moral status than nonhuman animals apply to brain organoids. Additionally, it argues that there are no good reasons to be more concerned about the well‐being of human brain organoids compared to those generated from other species.
Evaluating technology enhanced learning by using single‐case experimental design: A systematic review
Authors: Dayo Nadira , Said Metwaly Sameh , Van Den Noortgate Wim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSingle‐case experimental designs (SCEDs) may offer a reliable and internally valid way to evaluate technology‐enhanced learning (TEL). A systematic review was conducted to provide an overview of what, why and how SCEDs are used to evaluate TEL. Accordingly, 136 studies from nine databases fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. The results showed that most of the studies were conducted in the field of special education focusing on evaluating the effectiveness of computer‐assisted instructions, video prompts and mobile devices to improve language and communication, socio‐emotional, skills and mental health. The research objective of most studies was to evaluate the effects of the intervention; often no specific justification for using SCED was provided. Additionally, multiple baseline and phase designs were the most common SCED types, with most measurements in the intervention phase. Frequent data collection methods were observation, tests, questionnaires and task analysis, whereas, visual and descriptive analysis were common methods for data analysis. Nearly half of the studies did not acknowledge any limitations, while a few mentioned generalization and small sample size as limitations. The review provides valuable insights into utilizing SCEDs to advance TEL evaluation methodology and concludes with a reflection on further opportunities that SCEDs can offer for evaluating TEL.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

SCEDs use multiple measurements to study a single participant over multiple conditions, in the absence and presence of an intervention
SCEDs can be rigorous designs for evaluating behaviour change caused by any intervention, including for testing technology‐based interventions.
What this paper adds

Reveals patterns, trends and gaps in the use of SCED for TEL.
Identifies the study disciplines, EdTech tools and outcome variables studied using SCEDs.
Provides a comprehensive understanding of how SCEDs are used to evaluate TEL by shedding light on methodological techniques.
Enriches insights about justifications and limitations of using SCEDs for TEL.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Informs about the use of the rigorous method, SCED, for evaluation of technology‐driven interventions across various disciplines.
Contributes therefore to the quality of an evidence base, which provides policymakers, and different stakeholders a consolidated resource to design, implement and decide about TEL.
Comprehensive analysis and prediction model of mitophagy and ferroptosis in primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Mo Jiani , Liu Yong , Zhang Wencong , Li Liang , Li Lindi , Li Tianwen , Mo Jiahua , Chen Yujiang , Liang Liang , Zhang Yuming , Yang Mo 
Published: April 2024

SummaryPrimary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is linked to specific pathogenic mechanisms, yet its relationship with mitophagy and ferroptosis is poorly understood. This study aimed to identify new biomarkers and explore the role of mitophagy and ferroptosis in ITP pathogenesis. Techniques such as differential analysis, Mfuzz expression pattern clustering, machine learning, gene set enrichment analysis, single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and immune infiltration analysis were employed to investigate the molecular pathways of pivotal genes. Two‐sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) assessed the causal effects in ITP. Key genes identified in the training set included GABARAPL1, S100A8, LIN28A, and GDF9, which demonstrated diagnostic potential in validation sets. Functional analysis indicated these genes' involvement in ubiquitin phosphorylation, PPAR signalling pathway and T‐cell differentiation. Immune infiltration analysis revealed increased macrophage presence in ITP, related to the critical genes. scRNA‐seq indicated reduced GABARAPL1 expression in ITP bone marrow macrophages. TSMR linked S100A8 with ITP diagnosis, presenting an OR of 0.856 (95% CI = 0.736–0.997, p = 0.045). The study pinpointed four central genes, GABARAPL1, S100A8, LIN28A, and GDF9, tied to mitophagy and ferroptosis in ITP. It posits that diminished GABARAPL1 expression may disrupts ubiquitin phosphorylation and PPAR signalling, impairing mitophagy and inhibiting ferroptosis, leading to immune imbalance.
Advances in meta‐analysis: A unifying modelling framework with measurement error correction
Authors: Becker Betsy Jane , Zhang Qian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn psychological studies, multivariate outcomes measured on the same individuals are often encountered. Effects originating from these outcomes are consequently dependent. Multivariate meta‐analysis examines the relationships of multivariate outcomes by estimating the mean effects and their variance–covariance matrices from series of primary studies. In this paper we discuss a unified modelling framework for multivariate meta‐analysis that also incorporates measurement error corrections. We focus on two types of effect sizes, standardized mean differences (d) and correlations (r), that are common in psychological studies. Using generalized least squares estimation, we outline estimated mean vectors and variance–covariance matrices for d and r that are corrected for measurement error. Given the burgeoning research involving multivariate outcomes, and the largely overlooked ramifications of measurement error, we advocate addressing measurement error while conducting multivariate meta‐analysis to enhance the replicability of psychological research.
Maternal depression, parenting, and child psychological outcomes in the context of maternal pain
Authors: O'Brien Jacqueline R. , Lee Angela H. , Stone Amanda L. , Dieckmann Nathan F. , Zalewski Maureen , Wilson Anna C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractParental chronic pain is associated with adverse outcomes in children, but the mechanisms of transmission are largely untested. Mothers with chronic pain (N = 400, Mage = 40.3 years, 90.5% White) and their children (Mage = 10.33 years, 83.3% White, 50.2% female) were recruited in 2016–2018 to test longitudinal pathways of risk transmission from maternal chronic pain to children's psychological symptoms, examining roles of parenting, maternal depression, and child distress tolerance. Maternal pain was associated with positive (β = .28) and pain‐specific (β = .10) parenting behaviors. Maternal depression was associated with lower child distress tolerance (β = −.03), which was associated with greater child psychological symptoms (β = −.62). Parenting and maternal pain were not prospectively associated with child outcomes. When considering the dual‐generational impacts of chronic pain, physical and psychological functioning should be examined.
Autoimmune nodopathy
Authors: Iijima Masahiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAutoimmune nodopathy (AN) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies targeting molecules essential for saltatory conduction in myelinated nerves. Clinical manifestations of AN show similarities with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), including progressive and symmetrical sensorimotor deficits with electrophysiological demyelinating features in nerve conduction studies. Although no common autoantibodies have yet been identified in CIDP, AN is characterized by autoantibodies that primarily target specific molecular complex structures represented by the Ranvier node and paranode. Furthermore, these autoantibodies, such as neurofascin‐155 (NF155), contactin‐1 (CNTN1), contactin‐related protein 1 (Caspr1), and the CNTN1/Caspr1 complex, are illustrative examples of such autoantibodies. They can disrupt the septal‐like junction of paranodes without triggering cellular immune responses. AN manifests uniquely with symptoms such as ataxia, tremors, and markedly high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein levels, often accompanied by nerve root and cranial nerve hypertrophy. Notably, this condition is resistant to immunotherapies typically effective against CIDP, including intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIg). Current evidence suggests that B‐cell depletion therapies, such as rituximab, could benefit AN treatment. Since it has been suggested that existing treatments for CIDP may be effective in cases of autoantibody positivity of subclasses other than IgG4, CIDP that is resistant to conventional therapy requires novel therapeutic strategies that take into account the possibility of IgG4 autoantibodies.
AZD1390, an ataxia telangiectasia mutated inhibitor, attenuates microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation and ischemic brain injury
Authors: Lan Zhen , Qu Long‐jie , Liang Ying , Chen Li‐qiu , Xu Shuai , Ge Jian‐wei , Xue Zhi‐wei , Bao Xin‐yu , Xia Sheng‐nan , Yang Hai‐yan , Huang Jing , Xu Yun , Zhu Xiao‐lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsExcessive neuroinflammation mediated mainly by microglia plays a crucial role in ischemic stroke. AZD1390, an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) specific inhibitor, has been shown to promote radio‐sensitization and survival in central nervous system malignancies, while the role of AZD1390 in ischemic stroke remains unknown.MethodsReal‐time PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Behavioral tests were performed to measure neurological deficits. 2,3,5‐Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was conducted to assess the infarct volume. The activation of NF‐κB signaling pathway was explored through immunofluorescence staining, western blot, co‐immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay.ResultsThe level of pro‐inflammation cytokines and activation of NF‐κB signaling pathway was suppressed by AZD1390 in vitro and in vivo. The behavior deficits and infarct size were partially restored with AZD1390 treatment in experimental stroke. AZD1390 restrict ubiquitylation and sumoylation of the essential regulatory subunit of NF‐κB (NEMO) in an ATM‐dependent and ATM‐independent way respectively, which reduced the activation of the NF‐κB pathway.ConclusionAZD1390 suppressed NF‐κB signaling pathway to alleviate ischemic brain injury in experimental stroke, and attenuated microglia activation and neuroinflammation, which indicated that AZD1390 might be an attractive agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
The role of non‐oropharyngeal biopsies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary: A systematic review
Authors: Bowe C. M. , Garg M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis systematic review aims to evaluate the role of biopsies in non‐oropharyngeal subsites in patients with cervical metastasis from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (HNSCCUP).MethodsThis systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Articles that encompassed non‐oropharyngeal biopsies in HNSCCUP as part of the diagnostic work‐up were selected and analysed.ResultsA comprehensive search strategy was used to search relevant literature in PubMed from inception to October 2021. Eleven articles out of 860 were included, comprising 990 patients. There are no randomised control trials comparing the outcomes of survival and or locoregional control between patients who have or have not undergone non‐targeted biopsies of non‐oropharyngeal sub‐sites for HNSCCUP.Several retrospective studies which showed an extremely low yield from random biopsies (range of yield, 0%–9%) of non‐oropharyngeal subsites. Even targeted biopsies showed a low yield (range of yield, 0.6%–16.6%) from non‐oropharyngeal subsites. The primary site identified for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positive cervical lymph nodes with an unknown primary is mainly the nasopharynx (51.7%). Narrow band imaging (NBI) (sensitivity range, 64%–91%) helps in the detection of primaries to target biopsies in non‐oropharyngeal subsites.ConclusionsOn the basis of this systematic review, it is not appropriate to offer biopsies of clinically and radiologically normal upper aerodigestive tract mucosa at non‐oropharyngeal sites. Offer nasopharyngeal biopsies when the cervical node sampling reveals EBV‐positive metastasis. Where available, NBI should be used to help detect and target biopsies in non‐oropharyngeal subsites.