bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the techniques for constructing admissible stress fields in model verification: Performances on engineering examples
Authors: Pled F. , Chamoin L. , Ladevèze P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRobust global/goal‐oriented error estimation is used nowadays to control the approximate finite element (FE) solutions obtained from simulation. In the context of computational mechanics, the construction of admissible stress fields (i.e. stress tensors which verify the equilibrium equations) is required to set up strict and guaranteed error bounds (using residual‐based error estimators) and plays an important role in the quality of the error estimates. This work focuses on the different procedures used in the calculation of admissible stress fields, which is a crucial and technically complicated point. The three main techniques that currently exist, called the element equilibration technique (EET), the star‐patch equilibration technique (SPET), and the element equilibration + star‐patch technique (EESPT), are investigated and compared with respect to three different criteria, namely the quality of associated error estimators, computational cost, and easiness of practical implementation into commercial FE codes.The numerical results that are presented focus on industrial problems; they highlight the main advantages and drawbacks of the different methods and show that the behavior of the three estimators, which have the same convergence rate as the exact global error, is consistent. 2D and 3D experiments have been carried out in order to compare the performance and the computational cost of the three different approaches. The analysis of the results reveals that the SPET is more accurate than EET and EESPT methods, but the corresponding computational cost is higher. Overall, the numerical tests prove the interest of the hybrid method EESPT and show that it is a correct compromise between the quality of the error estimate, practical implementation and computational cost. Furthermore, the influence of the cost function involved in the EET and the EESPT is studied in order to optimize the estimators. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the Negative Ions in Ar/O2 Plasma of Magnetron Sputtering Discharge with Al:Zn Target by Ion Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Pokorný Petr , Mišina Martin , Bulíř Jiří , Lančok Ján , Fitl Přemysl , Musil Jindřich , Novotný Michal 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe magnetron sputtering discharge used to deposit aluminum‐doped zinc oxide was analyzed by energy‐resolved ion mass spectrometry. The flux of negative ions was measured at three radial positions in the plane of the substrate holder. The oxygen flow $\phi _{{\rm O}_{2} } $ was varied from 0 to 17 sccm to investigate the discharge in all operation modes, i.e., metallic, transition, and oxide mode of sputtering. The existence of negative ions was determined from the energy spectra. Main attention was devoted to the investigation of O−, ${\rm O}_{2}^{{-} } $, AlO−, ${\rm AlO}_{2}^{{-} } $, ZnO−, ${\rm ZnO}_{2}^{{-} } $, and ${\rm AlO}_{3}^{{-} } $ negative ions and correlations of their intensities in the energy spectrum with discharge parameters (cathode voltage, magnetron power, and gas pressure). It was found that (i) intensities of negative ions exhibit maxima in the vicinity of transition between the metallic and transition mode of sputtering and (ii) in the oxide mode intensities of these ions are saturated. magnified image
Effect of acidic pH on antibacterial action of peptide isolated from Korean pen shell (Atrina pectinata)
Authors: Yoo Suyeon , Kim Jin‐Young , Park Seong‐Cheol , Choi Do Young , Seo Chang Ho , Hahm Kyung‐Soo , Park Yoonkyung 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRecently, the rapid emergence of microbial pathogens which are resistant to currently available antibiotics has triggered considerable interest searching for naturally occuring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Because AMPs from food organisms are comparatively nontoxic, a number of them are used as sources, purified in new antibiotics. Herein, an antibacterial peptide (heat‐stable KPS‐1) was isolated from Korean pen shell (Atrina pectinata) by the following procedures: solvent‐extraction, heating, ultrafiltration, and RP‐HPLC. The molecular weight of KPS‐1 (4549.1 Da) was revealed by MALDI‐TOF/MS analysis. Interestingly, KPS‐1 inhibitedin vitrogrowth of Gram‐negative bacteria, includingEscherichia coli, E. coliO157,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sakazakii, andSalmonella typhimurium,at pH 5.2, rather than at pH 7.2. Its minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were ranged from 20 to 80 µg/ml; however, it was not effective against human red blood cells at a concentration of 500 µg/ml. This suggests that this peptide is useful as a clinical agent for some human organs in an acidic environment. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parametric variable selection in generalized partially linear models with an application to assess condom use by HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Leng Chenlei , Liang Hua , Martinson Neil 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTo study significant predictors of condom use in HIV‐infected adults, we propose the use of generalized partially linear models and develop a variable selection procedure incorporating a least squares approximation. Local polynomial regression and spline smoothing techniques are used to estimate the baseline nonparametric function. The asymptotic normality of the resulting estimate is established. We further demonstrate that, with the proper choice of the penalty functions and the regularization parameter, the resulting estimate performs as well as an oracle procedure. Finite sample performance of the proposed inference procedure is assessed by Monte Carlo simulation studies. An application to assess condom use by HIV‐infected patients gains some interesting results, which cannot be obtained when an ordinary logistic model is used. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation of Monoester and Diester in the Esterification Product of Polyethylene Glycol and Acrylic Acid by the Weibull Method
Authors: Lei Jia‐Heng , Li Hui , Zhang An‐Fu , Du Xiao‐Di , Lu Qian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn the extraction system of ethyl acetate and NaCl aqueous solution, partition coefficients of polyethylene glycol mono‐acrylate (PEGmA) and polyethylene glycol di‐acrylate (PEGdA) varied with temperature and concentration of NaCl solution were studied. The best separation condition of PEGmA and PEGdA was determined on that basis. Results of the testing showed that partition coefficients of PEGmA and PEGdA sharply increased with rising concentration of NaCl solution and temperature. Since the incremental degrees of PEGmA and PEGdA were different from each other, the ratio of partition coefficient (KPEGdA/KPEGmA) reached a maximum under the conditions of 20 °C and 5 mol L−1 NaCl. The best separating condition was as follows: PEGdA was extracted out with ethyl acetate by adding 5 mol L−1 NaCl at 20 °C. After three repetitions, the recovery rate of PEGdA reached 99.8%. The water phase was heated to 50 °C and PEGmA was extracted out with ethyl acetate. The recovery rate of PEGmA amounted to 68.8% by three repetitions. After washing and drying, the purity of PEGmA and PEGdA was 99.7 and 98.7% respectively.
Enzymatic Epoxidation of Corn Oil by Perstearic Acid
Authors: Sun Shangde , Yang Guolong , Bi Yanlan , Liang Hui 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEpoxidized vegetable oils can be used as renewable biodegradable and non‐toxic lubricants, polymer stabilizers, and as intermediates. In this study, as a renewable resource, corn oil rich in oleic and linoleic acids, which was epoxidized using hydrogen peroxide as an oxygen donor and stearic acid as an active oxygen carrier in the presence of Novozym 435. The process was optimized for the enzymatic epoxidation of corn oil with an epoxy oxygen group content of 5.8 ± 0.2% and a percentage relative conversion to oxirane of 85.3 ± 2.9% under the following conditions: 35 °C, 28% stearic acid load (relative to the weight of corn oil), 2.7:1 mol ratio of H2O2/C=C‐bonds, and 10 h. The influence on the enzymatic epoxidation decreased in the order of stearic acid load > reaction temperature ≈ mole ratio of H2O2/C=C‐bonds >reaction time.
DIFFERENTIAL SUBORDINATIONS FOR CLASSES OF MEROMORPHIC p-VALENT FUNCTIONS DEFINED BY MULTIPLIER TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: EL-ASHWAH R. M. , AOUF M. K. , BULBOACĂ T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe investigate several inclusion relationships and other interesting properties of certain subclasses of p-valent meromorphic functions, which are defined by using a certain linear operator, involving the generalized multiplier transformations.
Predicting the onset of major depression in primary care: international validation of a risk prediction algorithm from Spain
Authors: Bellón J. Á. , de Dios Luna J. , King M. , Moreno-Küstner B. , Nazareth I. , Montón-Franco C. , GildeGómez-Barragán M. J. , Sánchez-Celaya M. , Díaz-Barreiros M. Á. , Vicens C. , Cervilla J. A. , Švab I. , Maaroos H.-I. , Xavier M. , Geerlings M. I. , Saldivia S. , Gutiérrez B. , Motrico E. , Martínez-Cañavate M. T. , Oliván-Blázquez B. , Sánchez-Artiaga M. S. , March S. , del Mar Muñoz-García M. , Vázquez-Medrano A. , Moreno-Peral P. , Torres-González F. 
Published: April 2011

BackgroundThe different incidence rates of, and risk factors for, depression in different countries argue for the need to have a specific risk algorithm for each country or a supranational risk algorithm. We aimed to develop and validate a predictD-Spain risk algorithm (PSRA) for the onset of major depression and to compare the performance of the PSRA with the predictD-Europe risk algorithm (PERA) in Spanish primary care.MethodA prospective cohort study with evaluations at baseline, 6 and 12 months. We measured 39 known risk factors and used multi-level logistic regression and inverse probability weighting to build the PSRA. In Spain (4574), Chile (2133) and another five European countries (5184), 11 891 non-depressed adult primary care attendees formed our at-risk population. The main outcome was DSM-IV major depression (CIDI).ResultsSix variables were patient characteristics or past events (sex, age, sex×age interaction, education, physical child abuse, and lifetime depression) and six were current status [Short Form 12 (SF-12) physical score, SF-12 mental score, dissatisfaction with unpaid work, number of serious problems in very close persons, dissatisfaction with living together at home, and taking medication for stress, anxiety or depression]. The C-index of the PSRA was 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–0.84]. The Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) was 0.0558 [standard error (s.e.)=0.0071,Zexp=7.88,p<0.0001] mainly due to the increase in sensitivity. Both the IDI and calibration plots showed that the PSRA functioned better than the PERA in Spain.ConclusionsThe PSRA included new variables and afforded an improved performance over the PERA for predicting the onset of major depression in Spain. However, the PERA is still the best option in other European countries.
Do cannabis and urbanicity co-participate in causing psychosis? Evidence from a 10-year follow-up cohort study
Authors: Kuepper R. , van Os J. , Lieb R. , Wittchen H.-U. , Henquet C. 
Published: April 2011

BackgroundCannabis use is considered a component cause of psychotic illness, interacting with genetic and other environmental risk factors. Little is known, however, about these putative interactions. The present study investigated whether an urban environment plays a role in moderating the effects of adolescent cannabis use on psychosis risk.MethodProspective data (n=1923, aged 14–24 years at baseline) from the longitudinal population-based German Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology cohort study were analysed. Urbanicity was assessed at baseline and defined as living in the city of Munich (1562 persons per km2; 4061 individuals per square mile) or in the rural surroundings (213 persons per km2; 553 individuals per square mile). Cannabis use and psychotic symptoms were assessed three times over a 10-year follow-up period using the Munich version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.ResultsAnalyses revealed a significant interaction between cannabis and urbanicity [10.9% adjusted difference in risk, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2–18.6, p=0.005]. The effect of cannabis use on follow-up incident psychotic symptoms was much stronger in individuals who grew up in an urban environment (adjusted risk difference 6.8%, 95% CI 1.0–12.5, p=0.021) compared with individuals from rural surroundings (adjusted risk difference −4.1%, 95% CI −9.8 to 1.6, p=0.159). The statistical interaction was compatible with substantial underlying biological synergism.ConclusionsExposure to environmental influences associated with urban upbringing may increase vulnerability to the psychotomimetic effects of cannabis use later in life.
La distance de réarrangement, duale de la fonctionnelle de Bowen
Authors: BOUSCH THIERRY 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOn the space of signed invariant measures of Aℕ, one constructs a norm (and hence a distance) that seems to have a particular significance in dynamics. I shall present some of its properties, in particular a duality theorem à la Kantorovich–Rubinshtein, which gives an expression of this distance using couplings.
Transitivity of Heisenberg group extensions of hyperbolic systems
Authors: MELBOURNE IAN , NIŢICĂ VIOREL , TÖRÖK ANDREI 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe show that amongCrextensions (r>0) of a uniformly hyperbolic dynamical system with fiber the standard real Heisenberg group ℋnof dimension 2n+1, those that avoid an obvious obstruction to topological transitivity are generically topologically transitive. Moreover, if one considers extensions with fiber a connected nilpotent Lie group with a compact commutator subgroup (for example ℋn/ℤ), among those that avoid the obvious obstruction, topological transitivity is open and dense.
Computing the critical dimensions of Bratteli–Vershik systems with multiple edges
Authors: DOOLEY ANTHONY H. , HAGIHARA RIKA 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe critical dimension is an invariant that measures the growth rate of the sums of Radon–Nikodym derivatives for non-singular dynamical systems. We show that for Bratteli–Vershik systems with multiple edges, the critical dimension can be computed by a formula analogous to the Shannon–McMillan–Breiman theorem. This extends earlier results of Dooley and Mortiss on computing the critical dimensions for product and Markov odometers on infinite product spaces.
Early Feminist Fiction: The Dilemma of Personal Life
Authors: Maglin Nan Bauer 
Published: April 2011

It has been noted that the great first wave of feminist fiction and plays appeared in the final decade of the nineteenth century. But because the writers of this fiction were women and feminists, they were not, on the whole, well received. In 1914, for example, G. G. Wyant complained that “indeed novel after novel has appeared dealing with the feminist question, some purely emotional in their appeal, some written obviously as propaganda.” The popular and conservativeLadies Home Journalassociated feminist literature with communist propaganda:The Red element, the Bolshevist party, as it may well be called, in the woman's movement, is sparring to-day as openly for the destruction of womanhood as the Soviet element in industry is shaking the pillars of organized economics.
Ezra Pound's John Adams: An American Odyssey
Authors: Surette Leon 
Published: April 2011

In 1939, Pound wrote to a student of his in defense of the Cantos, and his own status as an American poet:I don't have to try to be American. Merrymount, Braintree, Quincy, all I believe in or by. …… Am I American? Yes, and buggar, the present state of the country, the utter betrayal of the American Constitution, the filth of the Universities, and the — system of publication whereby you can buy Lenin, Trotsky (the messiest mutt of the lot), Stalin for 10 cents and 25 cents, and it takes seven years to get a set of John Adams at about 30 dollars.… And as to “am I American”: wait for Cantos 62/71 now here in rough typescript.
No Stone Unturned: Popular Versus Professional Evaluations of Willa Cather
Authors: Stineback David 
Published: April 2011

InThe Song of the Lark(Willa Cather's third novel, published in 1915), Thea Kronberg goes to one of her father's regular prayer meetings in Moonstone, Colorado, and hears an old woman who “never missed a Wednesday night [and] came all the way up from the depot settlement.” Cather describes the woman this way:She always wore a black crocheted “fascinator” over her thin white hair, and she made long, tremulous prayers, full of railroad terminology. She had six sons in the service of different railroads, and she always prayed “for the boys on the road, who know not at what moment they may be cut off. When, in Thy divine wisdom, their hour is upon them, may they, O our Heavenly Father, see only white lights along the road to Eternity.” She used to speak, too, of “the engines that race with death”; and though she looked so old and little when she was on her knees, and her voice was so shaky, her prayers had a thrill of speed and danger in them; they made one think of the deep black cañons, the slender trestles, the pounding trains. Thea liked to look at her sunken eyes that seemed full of wisdom, at her black thread gloves, much too long in the fingers and so meekly folded one over the other. Her face was brown, and worn away as rocks are worn by water. There are many ways of describing that colour of age, but in reality it is not like parchment, or like any of the things it is said to be like. That brownness and that texture of skin are found only in the faces of old human creatures, who have worked hard and who have always been poor.
Thermidor in America: The Aftermath of Independence in the South
Authors: Zuckerman Michael 
Published: April 2011

In the first flush of independence, while most Americans celebrated their success at arms against the English, Benjamin Rush remained more guarded. “The American war is over,” he reminded his countrymen, “but this is far from being the case with the American Revolution.”Rush's assertion was an arresting one at the time, and in an attenuated way its insight persists in the work that currently affords us our paradigmatic account of the Revolutionary movement. For Bernard Bailyn extends it to argue, in a succession of brilliant studies, that the ideas set loose in the struggle for independence had a logical momentum all their own. He has traced what he calls the “transforming radicalism of the American Revolution” to fruitions far beyond the conflict with England, and he affirms the fundamentality for all American history of the continuing “contagion of liberty” that originated in Revolutionary rhetoric.
Hollywood's Washington: Film Images of National Politics During the Great Depression
Authors: Levine Lawrence W. 
Published: April 2011

In her recollections of the 1930s, Louise Tanner helped to create an image that has stayed with us despite a number of studies that should have dissolved it by now. Thirties movies were, she insisted,a flop as a source of Communist propaganda. Some studios – notably Warner brothers – tried to bring Father to grips with social reality. But most of the cinemoguls agreed with Louis B. Mayer that Dad got all the social significance he needed at home. The script writers of Hollywood might take the Spanish Civil War to heart but they were more concerned with a public that preferred Carole Lombard doing secretarial work in a penthouse with a white telephone. Father sitting there in the dark forgot his own plight as he watched the gods and goddesses of the screen sweeping down staircases into dining rooms with a footman behind every chair. Depression movies portrayed an America devoid of economic conflict.
At Odds/In League: Brutality and Betterment in the Age of Taylor, Veblen, and Ford
Authors: Banta Martha 
Published: April 2011

In 1929, F. A. Silcox, union leader and future New Deal official, made the following observation in theBulletin of the Taylor Society, sounding board for the principles of scientific management formulated a quarter of a century earlier by Frederick Winslow Taylor:The acquisition of power is the primary thing that counts.… [W]ith a favorable balance of power there is only one workable course of action and that is to take all the traffic will bear when the taking is good.… [T]he ethical moralizing with oughts, shouldn'ts and don'ts is an effort to mitigate in some manner the brutality of the conflict and is a method used mostly by those who do not possess sufficient power to enforce their own will.
Middletown Again
Authors: Hoover Dwight 
Published: April 2011

Middletown, or Muncie, is one of the most studied communities in the United States. Since the initial research was begun in 1924, the community has learned to endure the probing of many investigators, and the many reports have reflected the tensions and concerns of scholars searching for clues to the American urban experience. One might well trace the course of 20th-century American studies through the Middletown experience. In a limited way, that is what this effort purports to do.Ironically the community was chosen largely by accident, studied by a person unqualified to do so, and the results were not what the sponsoring organization had wanted. When published, however, the report titledMiddletownwas an immediate success; it has remained in print since first issued, and has inspired many successors.
Examining the Interplay Among Negative Emotionality, Cognitive Functioning, and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Severity
Authors: Healey Dione M. , Marks David J. , Halperin Jeffrey M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCognition and emotion, traditionally thought of as largely distinct, have recently begun to be conceptualized as dynamically linked processes that interact to influence functioning. This study investigated the moderating effects of cognitive functioning on the relationship between negative emotionality and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity. A total of 216 (140 hyperactive/inattentive; 76 typically developing) preschoolers aged 3–4 years were administered a neuropsychological test battery (i.e., NEPSY). To avoid method bias, child negative emotionality was rated by teachers (Temperament Assessment Battery for Children-Revised), and parents rated symptom severity on the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS-IV). Hierarchical Linear Regression analyses revealed that both negative emotionality and Perceptual-Motor & Executive Functions accounted for significant unique variance in ADHD symptom severity. Significant interactions indicated that when negative emotionality is low, but not high, neuropsychological functioning accounts for significant variability in ADHD symptoms, with lower functioning predicting more symptoms. Emotional and neuropsychological functioning, both individually and in combination, play a significant role in the expression of ADHD symptom severity. (JINS, 2011, 17, 502–510)