bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The least significant change on bone mineral density scan increased in patients with higher degrees of obesity”
Authors: Dorilleau Claire , Kanagaratnam Lukshe , Charlot Isabelle , Hittinger Ambre , Bertin Eric , Salmon Jean-Hugues , Geoffroy Marion 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground: The least significant change (LSC) threshold of 0.03 g/cm² is used to interpret bone mineral density (BMD) scans in the general population. Our working hypothesis was that the current LSC threshold would not be applicable in obese populations. Aims: The aim of this study was to calculate the LSC in an obese population. Methods: We performed an interventional study among 120 obesity patients, in whom two measurements of BMD were performed at 3 sites. Pairs of measures were used to calculate the LSC, using the Bland and Altman method. Results: We calculated that the LSC was 0.046 g/cm² at the lumbar spine, 0.069 g/cm² at the femoral neck, and 0.06 g/cm² at the total hip. We also calculated the LSC for each class of obesity and observed an increase in LSC with increasing body mass index (BMI). We calculated a LSC of 0.05 g/cm² in patients with class 2 or class 3 obesity, whereas the LSC in patients with class 1 obesity is similar to the threshold used in the general population. Discussion: In obese population, like BMD, LSC is higher than the threshold value of the general population, and increases with increasing BMI.Conclusion: LSC of 0.05 g/cm² could be used in clinical practice in patients with class 2 or 3 obesity. These findings should help to improve the interpretation of BMD scans in these patients and optimize their management. Trial registration number: Comité de Protection des Personnes Ile-de France VII, France.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities: Discrimination’s Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life—An All of Us Cancer Survivors’ Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Arizpe Angel , Ochoa-Dominguez Carol Y. , Navarro Stephanie , Kim Sue E. , Queen Katelyn , Pickering Trevor A. , Farias Albert J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Discrimination is associated with worse mental and physical health outcomes. However, the associations among cancer survivors are limited.

Objective
We examined whether discrimination is associated with HRQoL and whether adjusting for it reduces racial/ethnic disparities in HRQoL among cancer survivors.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from adult cancer survivors who completed surveys on discrimination in the medical settings (DMS), everyday perceived discrimination (PD), and HRQoL in the “All of Us” Program from 2018 to 2022 were assessed. We created a binary indicator for fair-to-poor vs. good-to-excellent physical health and mental health. PD and DMS scores were a continuous measure with higher scores reflecting more discrimination. Multivariable logistic regression models tested whether DMS and PD are associated with HRQoL and whether they differently affect the association between race/ethnicity and HRQoL.

Results
The sample (N = 16,664) of cancer survivors was predominantly White (86%) and female (59%), with a median age of 69. Every 5-unit increase in DMS and PD scores was associated with greater odds of fair-to-poor physical health (DMS: OR [95%CI] = 1.66 [1.55, 1.77], PD: 1.33 [1.27, 1.40]) and mental health (DMS: 1.57 [1.47, 1.69], PD: 1.33 [1.27, 1.39]). After adjusting for DMS or PD, Black and Hispanic survivors had a decreased likelihood of fair-to-poor physical health and mental health (decrease estimate range: − 6 to − 30%) compared to White survivors. This effect was greater for Black survivors when adjusting for PD, as the odds of fair-to-poor mental health compared to White survivors were no longer statistically significant (1.78 [1.32, 2.34] vs 1.22 [0.90, 1.64]).

Conclusion
Experiences of discrimination are associated with lower HRQoL and reducing it may mitigate racial/ethnic disparities in HRQoL.
Allergen-specific immunotherapy for mold allergies
Authors: Brehler Randolf , Rabe Uta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMolds are ubiquitous in our environment and are considered by the population to be the most important indoor pollutant problem [1]. The current 2023 update to the AWMF mold guideline [1] is intended to allay or channel fears and provide assistance for a sensible diagnosis and treatment decision.The detection of an IgE-mediated allergy implies for allergists Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) as an established treatment option. However, compared to the well-validated AIT with pollen and house dust mites, the decision to use AIT with mold extracts must be weighed more heavily between the benefits and risks.Spores of Alternaria alternata are found in high concentrations in the outdoor air. Due to the high allergenic potential and the small size of the spores, an Alternaria allergy often leads to bronchial asthma, especially in children. The effectiveness of AIT with Alternaria extracts has been tested in several studies; for other molds, especially those from the indoor environment, the efficacy and applicability is very limited.In terms of differential diagnosis, it must be borne in mind that molds can not only cause common allergic reactions but can also be responsible for allergic bronchopulmonary mycoses/aspergillosis (ABPA), Aspergillus bronchitis, exogenous allergic alveolitis (EAA), invasive aspergillosis, mycoses and rhinosinusitis. Very high concentrations, which can occur particularly in workplaces, can also result in toxic effects (“organic dust toxic syndrome”); molds are also held responsible for mucous membrane irritation, odor effects and mood disorders [1].
Estimating the costs of managed aquifer recharge under uncertainty with examples for town water supply in regional Australia
Authors: Gonzalez Dennis , Guillaume Joseph , Peeters Luk , Wyrwoll Paul , Vanderzalm Joanne , Page Declan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDrought risks exacerbated by climate change exposes water scarcity issues particularly in arid to dry subtropical areas globally. Recurring droughts have highlighted town water security deficiencies in regional Australia. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is proven internationally as an effective tool for increasing drought resilience and sustainability of water resources. Uncertainty concerning costs of MAR schemes has been a barrier to wider implementation. This study presents a framework for assessing costs of MAR for well injection and infiltration basin systems across a range of conditions and scales relevant to town water supply. Novel methods were developed to account for uncertainty, capture time-varying volume dependent operating costs, and examine disaggregated capital and operating expenses through global sensitivity analysis. Levelised costs were inversely proportional to scheme scale although diminishing rates of return were shown for larger capacity systems driven by increased volume-dependent operational costs. When accounting for aquifer storage losses, levelised costs of recovered water were up to double the costs of recharge. Global sensitivity analyses revealed input variables that determined the dominant disaggregated costs were also the most sensitive and that these changed in relation to scheme scales and operating conditions. The methods allowed estimated costs and sensitivities for conceptualised MAR schemes for six towns in Australia’s Murray-Darling Basin to be oriented within the envelope of results. This demonstrated the transferability and applicability of results for providing indicative costs and informing specific investigations to reduce uncertainty in viability assessments of MAR over a range of scales and conditions.
Graphical Abstract
Von der Exploration zur Etablierung einer linguistischen Methode anhand von Beispielanalysen zur Zeit(lichkeit) in Text- und Redesammlungen verschiedener Wissensdomänen
Authors: Jacob Katharina 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag reflektiert die Relevanz der Korpushermeneutik in der frühen und mittleren Phase linguistischer Studien anhand von Beispielanalysen zur Zeit(lichkeit) in Text- und Redesammlungen verschiedener Fach- und Wissensdomänen. Wenn Linguisti:innen ihre Fragestellung entwickeln, die Datengrundlage reflektieren und Korpora erstellen, so sind in dieser frühen Phase ebenso korpushermeneutische Fragestellungen von Relevanz wie in der mittleren Phase, in der üblicherweise automatisch und/oder manuell annotiert wird, Analysetools getestet und ausprobiert und erste Pilotstudien durchgeführt werden. Das Konzept der Korpushermeneutik soll dafür sensibilisieren, dass das Korpus als objektivierbare Größe zwar Daten enthält bzw. diesem Daten in iterativen Annotationsverfahren zugeordnet werden können, die sich wiederum in Hinblick auf ihre Frequenz und Distribution messen lassen. Zu einem wesentlichen Teil kann diesem Korpus, seinem Aufbau, seiner Aufbereitung und seiner Analyse zwischen Einzelbeleg und Musterbildung aber nur hermeneutisch im Sinne eines Verstehens- und Interpretationsprozesse begegnet werden. In dem Beitrag wird die These vertreten, dass Verstehen und Interpretieren miteinander verwoben sind und nicht nur für qualitative Analyseschritte relevant sind. Quantitative, also beispielsweise frequenz- und distributionsorientierte Korpusauswertung ist nicht ausschließlich von Mess- und Rechenverfahren geprägt, sondern mit Prozessen des Verstehens und Interpretierens verbunden. Wir interpretieren unsere korpuslinguistischen Daten ebenso, wie Texte und Reden. Mensch und Maschine interagieren in eng verzahnter Weise, bei der ein hermeneutisch sensibler Umgang gefragt ist.
Dopamine Hydrochloride Alleviates the Salt-induced Stress in Glycine max (L.) Merr. plant
Authors: Abo-Shanab Walaa A. , Diab Rana H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study is to evaluate the role of dopamine hydrochloride (DH) in alleviating the detrimental effects of salt stress on Glycine max (L.) plant. Soybean seeds were treated with 150 mM NaCl and DH (100 µM or 200 µM) after they had been grown in plastic pots then the growth parameters, physiological and molecular analyses were assessed. Data showed that salinity stress decreased the germination percentage by 63.6%, the tolerance index (TI) and the seedling vigor index (SVI) were highly decreased. Salinity stress led to a markedly decline in the photosynthetic efficiency and the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b by 43.5%, 77.4% and 44.6%, respectively. Salinity stress increased MDA and activity of CAT, SOD, POD, APX, GST and GR by 150%, 39.8%, 75%, 160%, 77.7%, 50% and 57%, respectively. However, DH (100 µM or 200 µM) significantly alleviated the toxic effects of salinity stress, marinated ions absorption, and enhanced the molecular level. Wherein out of 30 ISSR amplified fragments were formed. There were 10 unique bands (587 bp, 453 bp, 393 bp, 435 bp, 157 bp, 679 bp, 473 bp, 675 bp, 758 bp and 531 bp) were appeared in response to DH (100 µM and 200 µM) compared with untreated plants. Our analysis suggests a constructive effect of DH (100 µM and 200 µM) in alleviating the toxic effects of salinity stress on Glycine max (L.) plant not only at the level of antioxidative defense but also by regulating the molecular response highlighting the potential use of DH to improve the sustainability of horticultural production under climate change.
Effects of Cold Plasma Pretreatment and Cultivar on the Drying Characteristics, Biochemical, and Bioactive Compounds of 'Tropica' and 'Keitt'Mangoes
Authors: Yanclo Loriane A. , Sigge Gunnar , Belay Zinash A. , Oyenihi Ayodeji B. , October Feroza , Caleb Oluwafemi James 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Mango is a well-known and widely consumed fruit for its savoury taste and nutritional benefits. However, a lack of efficient postharvest handling prior to its storage could gradually lead to undesirable changes that cause postharvest losses. Dehydration techniques such as hot air drying have shown to minimize the water activity thereby preserving fruit shelf-life. Pretreatment prior drying has the advantage of shortening the drying times, consuming less energy, substituting chemical use, and maintaining the quality attributes of agricultural products. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to assess the application of cold plasma (CP) as a pretreatment step before drying ‘Tropica’ and ‘Keitt’ mango slices.

Methods
The effect of low-pressure cold plasma pretreatment duration (5 and 10 min) and mango cultivar differences was investigated on drying properties, quality attributes, and microbial load. Thin layer mathematical models fitted were fitted to the data collected to describe the drying behaviour.

Results
Mango cultivars behaved differently during drying as ‘Keitt’ samples had a shorter drying time (10 h) compared to ‘Tropica’ samples (12 h). Logarithmic model best predicted the drying behaviour with a determination coefficient R2 of 0.99 and RMSE of 0.0664. Change in bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, and microbial load of ‘Tropica’ and ‘Keitt’ mango slices were significantly affected by CP pretreatment and drying (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The findings of this study showed that cold plasma improved the drying rate of dried mango slices. Total phenolic and antioxidant activity were improved with cold plasma treatment of 10 min. In summary, cold plasma improves drying kinetics and the quality attributes of mango fruit.
Role of the RAAS in mediating the pathophysiology of COVID-19
Authors: Jasiczek Jakub , Doroszko Adrian , Trocha Tymoteusz , Trocha Małgorzata 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) holds a position of paramount importance as enzymatic and endocrine homeostatic regulator concerning the water-electrolyte and acid-base balance. Nevertheless, its intricacy is influenced by the presence of various complementary angiotensins and their specific receptors, thereby modifying the primary RAAS actions. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) acts as a surface receptor for SARS-CoV-2, establishing an essential connection between RAAS and COVID-19 infection. Despite the recurring exploration of the RAAS impact on the trajectory of COVID-19 along with the successful resolution of many inquiries, its complete role in the genesis of delayed consequences encompassing long COVID and cardiovascular thrombotic outcomes during the post-COVID phase as well as post-vaccination, remains not fully comprehended. Particularly noteworthy is the involvement of the RAAS in the molecular mechanisms underpinning procoagulant processes throughout COVID-19. These processes significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of organ complications as well as determine clinical outcomes and are discussed in this manuscript.
Diachronic research on the time of internet use for academic tasks by Spanish-speaking university students in the pre-COVID era
Authors: Gómez-Galán José , López-Meneses Eloy , Cobos-Sanchiz David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic forced the digitalization of education to be accelerated to continue the teaching–learning processes in confined populations. The irruption of this fact caused the evolution that had previously been occurring in the integration of digital technologies, and in general information and communication technologies (ICT), in education to be distorted, as their use multiplied exponentially in a few months. However, it is interesting to know how integrating these media and tools in the educational world evolved without having mediated an anomalous event such as the pandemic. This article studies the time university students in Spanish-speaking countries spent using the Internet for educational tasks in the pre-COVID era to determine whether this use was homogeneous in this common geographical and cultural space. Knowledge of these behaviors is valuable for analyzing their relationship with the then-current processes of ICT integration in higher education. It can serve as a basis for comparative studies of these trends and what happened during and after the pandemic. Among them is determining whether specific ICT integration strategies were not pedagogically adequate due to the situation’s urgency. The analysis of this study was descriptive and inferential statistics, based on the survey method with the application of data mining using software R. It was carried out over seven years (2012–2018) and applied to a sample of 2482 students from seven countries. The findings obtained have allowed us to determine that the use of the Internet by Spanish-speaking university students, in general, increased significantly over time in the pre-COVID era, in parallel to a more significant presence in educational processes, with conditioning factors in each country depending on its economy and political and social situation.
Estimating Lost Dividends from Incomplete Energy Access Transitions
Authors: Pakhtigian Emily L. , Jeuland Marc , Pattanayak Subhrendu K. , Phillips Jonathan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEnergy access is often considered a catalyst for development. Yet, the binary classification of household electrification misses important variation in service quality and in how households use electricity. To examine the benefits of household electrification and illustrate the importance of using more nuanced classifications of energy access, this article develops a metric called the Energy Access Dividend (EAD), which quantifies the electrification benefits forgone due to slow and incomplete energy transitions. This framework is flexible, allowing for the estimation of a variety of electrification benefits such as reduced lighting and cell phone charging expenditures, environmental improvements, time use and asset ownership changes, and improvements associated with productive energy use. To demonstrate the applicability of this framework, we calculate the EAD for several proposed electrification trajectory alternatives in Honduras. We find that in Honduras, a country with high rates of basic electricity access, achieving immediate universal, high-quality electricity would generate nearly $697 million in benefits over the period leading up to 2050. We also estimate the EADs associated with more limited immediate electrification as well as geographically based electrification scenarios, demonstrating that these calculations can inform priorities for energy policy design.
Pediatric Medical Countermeasures: Antidotes and Cytokines for Radiological and Nuclear Incidents and Terrorism
Authors: Maciulewicz Thom S. , Kazzi Ziad , Navis Irene L. , Nelsen Gregory J. , Cieslak Theodore J. , Newton Christopher , Lin Anna , West Doneen J. , Walter Frank G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The war in Ukraine raises concerns for potential hazards of radiological and nuclear incidents. Children are particularly vulnerable in these incidents and may need pharmaceutical countermeasures, including antidotes and cytokines. Searches found no published study comparing pediatric indications and dosing among standard references detailing pediatric medications for these incidents. This study addresses this gap by collecting, tabulating, and disseminating this information to healthcare professionals caring for children. Expert consensus chose the following references to compare their pediatric indications and dosing of medical countermeasures for radiation exposure and internal contamination with radioactive materials: Advanced Hazmat Life Support (AHLS) for Radiological Incidents and Terrorism, DailyMed, Internal Contamination Clinical Reference, Medical Aspects of Radiation Incidents, and Medical Management of Radiological Casualties, as well as Micromedex, POISINDEX, and Radiation Emergency Medical Management (REMM). This is the first study comparing pediatric indications and dosing for medical countermeasures among commonly used references for radiological and nuclear incidents.
Earthquake in Turkey: The Triangle of Life and Disaster Kits Saves Lives
Authors: Ağan Fatma Zehra , Cindoğlu Çiğdem 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Precautions taken before an earthquake are of vital importance. When buildings collapse, the weight of the ceiling crushes objects such as furniture, leaving a space or void within the rubble. This area is called the “triangle of life.” The larger and stronger the object, the more it will maintain its volume; the more the object maintains its volume, the larger the void will be, and the less likely it is that the person who uses this void will be injured.

Methods:
Durable, solid furniture such as beds and tables that can be tipped over during an earthquake in appropriate areas in the building can form a living triangle. Creating and using the triangle of life is the method of protection in an earthquake that produces the highest probability of survival.

Results:
Two earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.8 and 7.5 occurred in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, on February 6, 2023. This report presents the case of a 43-y-old female victim of these earthquakes who used the triangle of life to survive; she was removed from the rubble 164 h after the earthquake.

Conclusions:
The case provides evidence that predetermining areas in which the triangle of life can be formed and storing supplies necessary for survival can decrease morbidity and mortality in an earthquake.
Annihilators and decompositions of singularity categories
Authors: Esentepe Özgür , Takahashi Ryo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGiven any commutative Noetherian ring R and an element x in R, we consider the full subcategory $\mathsf{C}(x)$ of its singularity category consisting of objects for which the morphism that is given by the multiplication by x is zero. Our main observation is that we can establish a relation between $\mathsf{C}(x), \mathsf{C}(y)$ and $\mathsf{C}(xy)$ for any two ring elements x and y. Utilizing this observation, we obtain a decomposition of the singularity category and consequently an upper bound on the dimension of the singularity category.
Melancholy, Spiritual Experience, and Dissent in England, c. 1650–1700
Authors: Finn Finola 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe involvement of melancholy had the potential to undermine the authority of early modern individuals’ religious experiences, reframing their spiritual afflictions as the mere product of a distempered body. This article refines our understanding of the shifting relationship between melancholy and spiritual experience in the second half of the seventeenth century in England. Focusing on the views of Presbyterians and Independents, it explores how various interests and voices shaped attitudes to the disease throughout the challenges of growing anti-enthusiasm and post-Restoration nonconformity. By emphasizing the voices of sufferers themselves and including examination of a range of overlooked texts, it demonstrates that women and laypeople often diverged from learned views when describing their spiritual struggles. Complicating existing narratives, it suggests that sufferers from both groups avoided using melancholy as an explanatory factor in accounts of religious experience in the 1650s to ’70s, before increasingly incorporating the condition in the 1680s and ’90s. The involvement of melancholy remained fraught, however, and under continual negotiation. Bringing manuscript sources into conversation with published texts, the article argues that differences of opinion existed both between and within Presbyterian and Independent communities, as well as between those who suffered from melancholy and those who did not.