bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokines decrease expression of interleukin‐6 signal transducer and leptin receptor in central nervous system glia
Authors: Rose Jason J. , Bealmear Beverly , Nedelkoska Liljana , Studzinski Diane , Lisak Robert P. , Benjamins Joyce A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) lesion formation is modulated by cytokines secreted within the central nervous system (CNS). Th1 lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages (MM) likely induce lesion formation, whereas Th2 lymphocytes may inhibit formation. To explore the role of cytokines in MS lesions, we used gene arrays to investigate effects of cytokines representative of Th1 and Th2 cells and M/M on gene expression in cultured CNS glia; at 6 hr, all three increased expression of the interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) gene and decreased expression of the leptin receptor gene (obr), which mediates IL‐6 production and other inflammatory responses. However, expression of a closely related gene, the interleukin‐6 signal transducer or gp130 (IL‐6st), showed no changes at 6 hr. IL‐6st is an essential component of receptor complexes for IL‐6 and other cytokines and growth factors that play critical roles in CNS inflammation, protection, and/or regeneration. To analyze expression of IL‐6st and leptin receptor over time, we incubated rat CNS glial cultures for 6 hr to 5 days with the cytokines. All three cytokine mixtures down‐regulated both IL‐6st and leptin receptor mRNA and protein for up to 5 days. Immunocytochemical staining showed expression of both IL‐6st and leptin receptor in all three types of glia, with lower IL‐6st expression by 3 days. Down‐regulation of IL‐6st and leptin receptor in glia by cytokines could lead to decreased signaling by the proinflammatory IL‐6 and reduced responses to regenerative/protective growth factors such as leukemia inhibitory factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor, potentially affecting the disease course in MS. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidative stress disrupts oligodendrocyte maturation
Authors: French Heather Morein , Reid Mary , Mamontov Polina , Simmons Rebecca A. , Grinspan Judith B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPeriventricular white matter injury (PWMI) is the leading cause of chronic neurologic injury among survivors of preterm birth. The hallmark of PWMI is hypomyelination and a lack of mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes undergo a well‐characterized lineage progression from neural stem cell to mature oligodendrocyte. Oligodendrocyte precursors have increased susceptibility to oxidative and free radical‐mediated injury compared with mature oligodendrocytes as a result of lower levels of antioxidant enzymes and free radical scavengers. In this study, we show that oxidative stress disrupts oligodendrocyte differentiation by two mechanisms. First, oxidizing agents decrease the expression of key genes that promote oligodendrocyte differentiation from neural stem cells and increase the expression of genes known to inhibit differentiation. Second, global histone acetylation persists under conditions of oxidative stress, further contributing to the prevention of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Both of these mechanisms result in the arrest of oligodendrocyte differentiation without an increase in cell death. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toward culture‐sensitive theories of the work–family interface
Authors: Powell Gary N. , Francesco Anne Marie , Ling Yan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDue to societal trends, managing the work–family interface has become an increasingly challenging task for employees in virtually every nation. However, prior studies of this interface have mostly tested U.S.‐based theories using U.S. samples. The construct of societal or national culture, which seems likely to shape individuals' experiences of the work–family interface, has been generally unacknowledged in theories and research in the work–family literature. In this paper, we offer guidelines for the development of culture‐sensitive theories of work–family phenomena and for research to test such theories as they are developed. First, we review the few prior research attempts that have incorporated cultural considerations in some manner and identify cultural dimensions that are likely to influence the work–family interface. Second, we demonstrate how selected cultural dimensions may be incorporated into theories of work–family conflict and enrichment, two constructs that represent the negative and positive side of the work–family interface respectively, to make these theories more culture‐sensitive. Finally, we offer an ambitious agenda for future theory and research to increase understanding of cultural influences on the work–family interface. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of organizational democracy on employees' socio‐moral climate and prosocial behavioral orientations
Authors: Weber Wolfgang G. , Unterrainer Christine , Schmid Birgit E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of workers' perceived participation in democratic decision‐making on their prosocial behavioral orientations, democratic values, commitment to the firm, and perceptions of socio‐moral climate. The sample consists of 325 German‐speaking employees from 22 companies in Austria, North Italy, and Southern Germany that vary in their level of organizational democracy (social partnership enterprises, workers' co‐operatives, democratic reform enterprises, and employee‐owned self‐governed firms). The findings suggest that the extent employees participate in democratic forms of organizational decision‐making is positively related to the firm's socio‐moral climate as well as to their own organizational commitment and prosocial and community‐related behavioral orientations. The results also indicate that socio‐moral climate is positively related to employees' organizational commitment. The effect of participation in decision‐making on organizational commitment is partially mediated by socio‐moral climate. Implications for promoting societal and organizational civic virtues among individuals are described. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional variation in perceptions about climate change
Authors: Hamilton Lawrence C. , Keim Barry D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA 2007 survey covering rural areas in nine US states provides data on perceived local impacts of climate change. Perceptions vary from region to region, with a pattern suggesting links to real climate—specifically to winter warming in snow country. A multivariate analysis using mixed‐effects ordered logit regression confirms a significant perception‐temperature relationship, net of individual background and ideological characteristics, and of regional variations. These findings invite more detailed research. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
The sea‐level conundrum: case studies from palaeo‐archives
Authors:   PALSEA,   (PALeo SEA level working group)
Published: May 2009

AbstractUncertainties in sea‐level projections for the 21st century have focused ice sheet modelling efforts to include the processes that are thought to be contributing to the recently observed rapid changes at ice sheet margins. This effort is still in its infancy, however, leaving us unable to make reliable predictions of ice sheet responses to a warming climate if such glacier accelerations were to increase in size and frequency. The geological record, however, has long identified examples of nonlinear ice sheet response to climate forcing (Shackleton NJ, Opdyke ND. 1973. Oxygen isotope and paleomagnetic stratigraphy of equatorial Pacific core V28–239, late Pliocene to latest Pleistocene. Geological Society of America Memoirs 145: 449–464; Fairbanks RG. 1989. A 17,000 year glacio‐eustatic sea level record: influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep ocean circulation. Nature 342: 637–642; Bard E, Hamelin B, Arnold M, Montaggioni L, Cabioch G, Faure G, Rougerie F. 1996. Sea level record from Tahiti corals and the timing of deglacial meltwater discharge. Nature 382: 241–244), thus suggesting an alternative strategy for constraining the rate and magnitude of sea‐level change that we might expect by the end of this century. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectroscopic studies of the structure of di‐amino acid peptides. Part II: cyclo(L‐Asp‐L‐Asp) in the solid state and in aqueous solution
Authors: Mendham Andrew P. , Dines Trevor J. , Withnall Robert , Mitchell John C. , Chowdhry Babur Z. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSolid‐state protonated and N,O‐deuterated Fourier transform infrared (IR) and Raman scattering spectra together with the protonated and deuterated Raman spectra in aqueous solution of the cyclic di‐amino acid peptide cyclo(L‐Asp‐L‐Asp) are reported. Vibrational band assignments have been made on the basis of comparisons with previously cited literature values for diketopiperazine (DKP) derivatives and normal coordinate analyses for both the protonated and deuterated species based upon DFT calculations at the B3‐LYP/cc‐pVDZ level of the isolated molecule in the gas phase. The calculated minimum energy structure for cyclo(L‐Asp‐L‐Asp), assuming C2 symmetry, predicts a boat conformation for the DKP ring with both the two L‐aspartyl side chains being folded slightly above the ring. The CO stretching vibrations have been assigned for the side‐chain carboxylic acid group (e.g. at 1693 and 1670 cm−1 in the Raman spectrum) and the cis amide I bands (e.g. at 1660 cm−1 in the Raman spectrum). The presence of two bands for the carboxylic acid CO stretching modes in the solid‐state Raman spectrum can be accounted for by factor group splitting of the two nonequivalent molecules in a crystallographic unit cell. The cis amide II band is observed at 1489 cm−1 in the solid‐state Raman spectrum, which is in agreement with results for cyclic di‐amino acid peptide molecules examined previously in the solid state, where the DKP ring adopts a boat conformation. Additionally, it also appears that as the molecular mass of the substituent on the Cα atom is increased, the amide II band wavenumber decreases to below 1500 cm−1; this may be a consequence of increased strain on the DKP ring. The cis amide II Raman band is characterized by its relatively small deuterium shift (29 cm−1), which indicates that this band has a smaller NH bending contribution than the trans amide II vibrational band observed for linear peptides. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman scattering investigation of selenomethionine replacement in protein SOUL crystals
Authors: Rossi B. , Mariotto G. , Ambrosi E. , Monaco H. L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe vibrational properties of both wild‐type and selenomethionine (SeMet)‐substituted protein SOUL crystals have been investigated here by Raman spectroscopy. Several Raman peaks observed in the spectra of methionine and SeMet were identified as specific markers. The unambiguous assignment of these peaks has been inferred by comparing the experimental Raman spectra of the pure amino acids, recorded in solid state and in aqueous solution, and the Raman intensities computed using quantum chemical calculations. Moreover, a quantitative evaluation of the relative amount of SeMet replacement in the crystals of protein SOUL labelled with SeMet has been estimated through the ratio between the Raman intensities of marker peaks. These results offer evidence of the potential of Raman microscopy as a reliable and non‐invasive tool for novel in‐depth structural investigations in biocrystallography. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Appropriate selection of patients for combined organ resection in cases of gastric carcinoma invading adjacent organs
Authors: Jeong Oh , Choi Won Yong , Park Young Kyu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesProper patient selection for multi‐organ resection in T4 gastric carcinoma remains controversial. Our aim was to investigate which patients might benefit from multi‐organ resection.MethodsAmong 1,775 consecutive patients receiving gastric cancer surgery, 71 had adjacent organ invasion. Short‐ and long‐term surgical outcomes and associations between clinicopathological factors and overall survival were investigated.ResultsForty‐seven patients underwent curative surgery with multi‐organ resection, and 24 underwent non‐curative surgery, with or without multi‐organ resection. Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 31.7% and 3.3%, respectively. Patients receiving curative surgery via multi‐organ resection survived longer than those without (MST, 31.5 months vs. 19.1 months, P = 0.046). Multi‐organ resection did not affect survival when performed in non‐curative surgery. N3 lymph node metastasis was an independent prognostic factor for poor outcome (HR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.40–10.83) in curatively resected patients; patients with N3 lymph node metastasis showed similar survival to patients receiving non‐curative surgery.ConclusionMulti‐organ resection should be performed only when no incurable factors are present, and R0 resection is most likely. Multi‐organ organ resection does not, however, seem to be effective in patients with N3 lymph node metastasis, even when curative resection is performed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:115–120. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic impact of lymphatic invasion in patients with node‐negative gastric cancer
Authors: Ichikawa Daisuke , Kubota Takeshi , Kikuchi Shojiro , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Konishi Hirotaka , Tsujiura Masahiro , Ikoma Hisashi , Nakanishi Masayoshi , Okamoto Kazuma , Sakakura Chohei , Ochiai Toshiya , Kokuba Yukihito , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study investigated the prognostic impact of lymphatic invasion on the outcome of patients with node‐negative gastric cancer.MethodsA total of 828 patients with node‐negative gastric cancer who underwent curative gastretomy were reviewed retrospectively. The clinicopathological features and prognoses of patients with lymphatic invasion were compared to those of patients without such invasion.ResultsThe total rate of lymphatic invasion was 18.2% in node‐negative gastric cancers, with a significant difference between early gastric cancers (9.8%) and advanced gastric cancers (49.2%). The presence of lymphatic invasion correlated significantly with tumor location, size and depth of tumor (P < 0.01). Lymphatic invasion was significantly associated with a poorer overall survival in node‐negative gastric cancer patients on univariate analysis (P < 0.001) as well as multivariate analysis (P < 0.01).ConclusionsLymphatic invasion provides additional useful information that could be applied to identify patients at high risk for recurrence who might be candidates for adjuvant therapies in patients with node‐negative gastric cancers. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:111–114. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymer monolith microextraction online coupled to hydrophilic interaction chromatography/mass spectrometry for analysis of β2‐agonist in human urine
Authors: Zheng Ming‐Ming , Zhang Man‐Yu , Feng Yu‐Qi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn analytical method based on online combination of polymer monolith microextraction (PMME) technique with hydrophilic interaction LC (HILIC)/MS is presented. The extraction was performed with a poly(methacrylic acid‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolithic column while the subsequent separation was carried out on a Luna silica column by HILIC. After 1:1 v/v dilution with 20 mM phosphate solution at pH 7.0 and centrifugation, urine sample was directly used for extraction. After optimization, 85% ACN (containing 0.3% formic acid v/v) was used for rapid online elution, which was also the mobile phase in HILIC to avoid band broadening during separation or carry‐over that was usually observed in PMME‐RP LC system. Online automation of extraction and separation procedures was realized under the control of a program in this study. The developed method was applied to rapid and sensitive monitoring of three β2‐agonist traces in human urine. The LODs (S/N = 3) of the method were found to be 0.05–0.09 ng/mL of β2‐agonists in urine. The recoveries of three β2‐agonists spiked in five different urine samples ranged from 79.8 to 119.8%, with RSDs less than 18.0%.
Pilot‐scale ion‐exchange centrifugal partition chromatography: Purification of sinalbin from white mustard seeds
Authors: Toribio Alix , Nuzillard Jean‐Marc , Pinel Benoît , Boudesocque Leslie , Lafosse Michel , De La Poype François , Renault Jean‐Hugues 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe purification of p‐hydroxybenzylglucosinolate (sinalbin) on a multigram scale from a crude aqueous extract of white mustard seeds (Sinapis alba var. concerta) was successfully achieved by scaling up a strong ion‐exchange centrifugal partition chromatography (SIXCPC) laboratory procedure. Thus, the one‐step sinalbin purification was performed with 2.35 g of crude extract in ˜170 min (830 mg/h) up to 70.3 g in ˜160 min (26.3 g/h) by switching from a 200 mL laboratory scale column to a 5.7 L pilot‐scale column. The required biphasic solvent system contained ethyl acetate, n‐butanol, and water in 3:2:5 v/v/v proportions, Aliquat 336® (trioctylmethyl ammonium chloride) was added to the organic stationary phase (80 mM) and acted as ion‐exchanger. Potassium iodide in the aqueous mobile phase (80 mM) was used as sinalbin displacer. The 28.5 mass scale factor arose from the increase in mobile phase flow‐rate (from 2 to 50 mL/min), from the higher mass of injected white mustard seed extract (from 12 to 350 g), and from the calculated productivity (from 830 mg to 26.3 g). These results demonstrate that industry scale production of glucosinolates is easily performed by SIXCPC, thus providing pure reference standards for pharmacology studies.
Two‐dimensional RPLC‐RPLC system with different pH in two dimensions for separation of alkaloids from Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang
Authors: Zhang Jing , Jin Yu , Liu Yanfang , Xiao Yuansheng , Feng Jiatao , Xue Xingya , Zhang Xiuli , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn effective method utilizing the same RP chromatographic column with different pH in first and second LC dimensions has been developed for separation of the basic compounds from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). In this work, the alkaloids in Corydalis yanhusuo which is an important TCM were selected as a model to develop the method. The additives and pH values of the mobile phase were optimized in this work. To investigate the feasibility of this method, off‐line mode separation was performed in the experiments. According to the UV‐absorption intensity, there were eight fractions collected in acidic conditions. All the fractions were analyzed in basic conditions. The results showed that the chromatographic selectivities were significantly different in the separations performed with acidic and alkaline elution systems. Complementary separation was achieved in this work. It is demonstrated that this method would be an effective tool for alkaloids research. Based on the different pH of the mobile phase in this method, it could also be suitable to analyze compounds which were sensible to the pH of the solution.
Multivariate approach for the enantioselective analysis in MEKC‐MS: II. Optimization of 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamine in positive ion mode
Authors: He Jun , Shamsi Shahab A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEnantiomeric separation and detection of 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamine (BNA) has been successfully optimized by MEKC‐ESI‐MS using a polymeric surfactant polysodium N‐undecenoxycarbonyl‐L‐leucinate (poly‐L‐SUCL) as a pseudostationary phase. In the first step, MEKC conditions were optimized by a five‐factor three‐level central composite design (CCD) of experiment. All five MEKC factors (buffer pH, percentage of ACN in the running buffer, concentration of surfactant, concentration of ammonium acetate (NH4OAc), and voltage) were found significant to the responses (measured as the chiral resolution and analysis time). The interactions between MEKC factors were further evaluated using a quadratic model equation which allowed the generation of 3‐D response surface image to reach the optimum conditions. To obtain the best S/N, sheath liquid composition and spray chamber parameters were successfully optimized using the same strategy. Baseline enantiomeric resolution in less than 20 min and optimum MS signal of BNA enantiomers (S/N = 45 at 0.4 mg/mL) were ultimately achieved at the optimized conditions. The adequacy of the model was validated by experimental runs at the optimal predicted conditions. The predicted results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
Enantioseparation of chiral benzimidazole derivatives by electrokinetic chromatography using sulfated cyclodextrins
Authors: Lipka Emmanuelle , Charton Julie , Vaccher Marie‐Pierre , Folly‐Klan Marcia , Bonte Jean‐Paul , Vaccher Claude 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBaseline separation of 18 new substituted benzimidazole derivatives, potent AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators, with one chiral center, was achieved by CD‐EKC using sulfated and highly sulfated CDs (SCDs and HS‐CDs) as chiral selectors. The influence of the type and concentration of the chiral selectors on the enantioseparations was investigated. The SCDs exhibit a very high enantioselectivity power since they allow excellent enantiomeric resolutions compared to those obtained with the neutral CDs. The enantiomers were resolved with analysis times around 6 min using 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 containing either β‐S‐CD, HS‐β‐CD, HS‐γ‐CD (3 or 4% w/v) at 25°C, with a voltage of 20 kV. The apparent association constants of the inclusion complexes were calculated. The study of the solute structure‐enantioseparation relationships seems to show the high contribution of the interactions between the solutes phenyl ring and the CDs to the enantiorecognition process. The optimized method was briefly validated (LOD less than 1%) and the purity of enantiomers of compound 3 was determined. The enantiomer migration shows reversal order depending on the kind of CD.
Separation of structural, geometrical and optical isomers of epoxycarotenoids using triacontyl‐bonded stationary phases
Authors: Meléndez‐Martínez Antonio J. , Escudero‐Gilete Maria L. , Vicario Isabel M. , Heredia Francisco J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe efficiency of C30 stationary phases in the separation of carotenes and diverse hydroxycarotenoids has been the subject of several studies. However, little is known concerning their ability to resolve epoxycarotenoids isomers, whose study is of great importance due to the functions they serve and the information they can reveal concerning the processing of foods. We have concluded that C30 columns provide an excellent separation of structural, geometrical and optical isomers of epoxycarotenoids and that the presence of 5,8‐epoxide groups leads to a better shape recognition, to the extent that over 10 geometrical–optical isomers of 5,8‐epoxycarotenoids have been separated. Additionally, it was observed that these carotenoids elute later than their 5,6‐epoxide counterparts, albeit the latter have a longer chromophore.
Peptide inhibitor modified magnetic particles for pepsin separation
Authors: Filuszová Michaela , Kučerová Zdenka , Tichá Marie 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSynthetic heptapeptide containing D‐amino acid residues (Val‐D‐Leu‐Pro‐Phe‐Phe‐Val‐D‐Leu) was coupled to glyoxal‐activated magnetic agarose particles via the free peptide amino group. The peptide‐modified magnetic particles were used for the separation of pepsins. Porcine pepsin A and human pepsin A were adsorbed to the magnetic peptide‐modified affinity carrier, while the rat pepsin C and human pepsin C did not interact with the immobilized ligand. Conditions of pepsin adsorption to peptide‐modified magnetic particles, as well as elution buffers were optimized. Porcine pepsin A did not interact with the immobilized peptide in the presence of pepsin inhibitor pepstatin A, indicating that the enzyme binding site is involved in the studied interaction. The elaborated method represents a rapid and simple technique not only for the separation of pepsins but also, in combination with MS, for the enzyme detection and determination.