bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D simulation of wind turbine rotors at full scale. Part II: Fluid–structure interaction modeling with composite blades
Authors: Bazilevs Y. , Hsu M.‐C. , Kiendl J. , Wüchner R. , Bletzinger K.‐U. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this two‐part paper, we present a collection of numerical methods combined into a single framework, which has the potential for a successful application to wind turbine rotor modeling and simulation. In Part 1 of this paper we focus on: 1. The basics of geometry modeling and analysis‐suitable geometry construction for wind turbine rotors; 2. The fluid mechanics formulation and its suitability and accuracy for rotating turbulent flows; 3. The coupling of air flow and a rotating rigid body. In Part 2, we focus on the structural discretization for wind turbine blades and the details of the fluid–structure interaction computational procedures. The methods developed are applied to the simulation of the NREL 5MW offshore baseline wind turbine rotor. The simulations are performed at realistic wind velocity and rotor speed conditions and at full spatial scale. Validation against published data is presented and possibilities of the newly developed computational framework are illustrated on several examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability and convergence of a Galerkin‐characteristics finite element scheme of lumped mass type
Authors: Pironneau O. , Tabata M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA Galerkin‐characteristics finite element scheme of lumped mass type is presented for the convection–diffusion problems. Under the weakly acute triangulation hypothesis the scheme is proved to be stable and convergent in the L∞‐norm. Using the Freefem, we show 2D and 3D numerical examples, which reflect the robustness of the scheme and the theoretical convergence result. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conjugate gradients on multiple GPUs
Authors: Georgescu Serban , Okuda Hiroshi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA GPU‐accelerated Conjugate Gradient solver is tested on eight different matrices with different structural and numerical characteristics. The first four matrices are obtained by discretizing the 3D Poisson's equation, which arises in many fields such as computational fluid dynamics, heat transfer and so on. Their relatively low bandwidth and low condition numbers makes them ideal targets for GPU acceleration. We chose another four matrices from the other end of the spectrum, both ill‐conditioned and with very large bandwidth. This paper concentrates on the computational aspects related to running the solver on multiple GPUs. We develop a fast distributed sparse‐matrix vector multiplication routine using optimized data formats that allows the overlapping of communication with computation and, at the same time, the sharing of some of the work with the CPU. By a thorough analysis of the time spent in communication and computation, we show that the proposed overlapped implementation outperforms the non‐overlapped one by a large margin and provides almost perfect strong scalability for large Poisson‐type matrices. We then benchmark the performance of the entire solver, using both double precision and single precision combined with iterative refinement and report up to 22× acceleration when using three GPUs as compared with one of the most powerful Intel Nehalem CPUs available today. Finally, we show that using GPUs as accelerators not only brings an order of magnitude speedup but also up to 5x increase in power efficiency and over 10x increase in cost effectiveness. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genotype‐based association mapping of complex diseases: gene‐environment interactions with multiple genetic markers and measurement error in environmental exposures
Authors: Lobach Iryna , Fan Ruzong , Carroll Raymond J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWith the advent of dense single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, population‐based association studies have become the major tools for identifying human disease genes and for fine gene mapping of complex traits. We develop a genotype‐based approach for association analysis of case‐control studies of gene‐environment interactions in the case when environmental factors are measured with error and genotype data are available on multiple genetic markers. To directly use the observed genotype data, we propose two genotype‐based models: genotype effect and additive effect models. Our approach offers several advantages. First, the proposed risk functions can directly incorporate the observed genotype data while modeling the linkage disequilibrium information in the regression coefficients, thus eliminating the need to infer haplotype phase. Compared with the haplotype‐based approach, an estimating procedure based on the proposed methods can be much simpler and significantly faster. In addition, there is no potential risk due to haplotype phase estimation. Further, by fitting the proposed models, it is possible to analyze the risk alleles/variants of complex diseases, including their dominant or additive effects. To model measurement error, we adopt the pseudo‐likelihood method by Lobach et al. [2008]. Performance of the proposed method is examined using simulation experiments. An application of our method is illustrated using a population‐based case‐control study of association between calcium intake with the risk of colorectal adenoma development. Genet. Epidemiol. 34:792‐802, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and validation of an instrument to detect depression in nursing homes. Nursing homes short depression inventory (NH‐SDI)
Authors: Prado‐Jean Annie , Couratier Philippe , Bénissan‐Tevi Laurent Amounou , Nubukpo Philippe , Druet‐Cabanac Michel , Clément Jean Pierre 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDepression is often overlooked in elderly nursing home residents because symptoms may be masked or dismissed as an inevitable consequence of ageing. Current tools for the detection of depression in institutionalised older people are not always specific.AimsTo construct and verify an instrument with which to detect depression in elderly nursing home residents (NH‐SDI).MethodFirstly for the construction, 328 elderly people were selected at random from the residents of 17 nursing homes in France, and examined by a single investigator. The examination included a psychiatric assessment, an evaluation of cognitive function using the MMSE, an evaluation of depressive state using four different instruments (mini‐GDS, Goldberg, DMAS, CSDD), and assessment of any changes in behaviour in those suffering from dementia, using the NPI. A second stage was to confirm NH‐SDI in 99 institutionalised subjects.ResultsFollowing the selection of items, we created a scale of 16 dichotomous items (NH‐SDI). The internal consistency was satisfactory (α Cronbach = 0.85), as was its reliability with a sensitivity of 85.1% and a specificity of 86.5% for a cut‐off score above 5.ConclusionsThe NH‐SDI appears to be a useful instrument for the detection of depression in nursing homes and can easily be applied by healthcare staff as part of routine procedures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Demonstration of safety in Alzheimer's patients for intervention with an anti‐hypertensive drug Nilvadipine: results from a 6‐week open label study
Authors: Kennelly S. P. , Abdullah L. , Paris D. , Parish J. , Mathura V. , Mullan M. , Crawford F. , Lawlor B. A. , Kenny R. A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundNilvadipine may lower rates of conversion from mild‐cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease (AD), in hypertensive patients. However, it remains to be determined whether treatment with nilvadipine is safe in AD patients, given the higher incidence of orthostatic hypotension (OH) in this population, who may be more likely to suffer from symptoms associated with the further exaggeration of a drop in BP.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the safety and tolerability of nilvadipine in AD patients.MethodsAD patients in the intervention group (n = 56) received nilvadipine 8 mg daily over 6‐weeks, compared to the control group (n = 30) who received no intervention. Differences in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, before and after intervention, was assessed using automated sphygmomanometer readings and ambulatory BP monitors (ABP), and change in OH using a finometer. Reporting of adverse events was monitored throughout the study.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the SBP of treated patients compared to non‐treated patients but no significant change in DBP. Individuals with higher initial blood pressure (BP) had greater reduction in BP but individuals with normal BP did not experience much change in their BP. While OH was present in 84% of the patients, there was no further drop in BP recorded on active stand studies. There were no significant differences in adverse event reporting between groups.ConclusionNilvadipine was well tolerated by patients with AD. This study supports further investigation of its efficacy as a potential treatment for AD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depression in mild dementia: associations with diagnosis, APOE genotype and clinical features
Authors: Fritze Friederike , Ehrt Uwe , Sønnesyn Hogne , Kurz Martin , Hortobágyi Tibor , Nore Sabine Piepenstock , Ballard Clive , Aarsland Dag 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundDepression is common in dementia, with important clinical implications. Few studies of depression in dementia with Lewy bodies are available, and the results are inconsistent.ObjectiveTo examine the frequency of depression and its characteristics and correlates, in people with mild dementia.MethodsAll referrals for patients with a first time diagnosis of dementia to geriatric and older psychiatry outpatient clinics in the counties of Rogaland and Hordaland in Western Norway from March 2005 to March 2007 were screened for the study. Participants and their caregivers underwent a comprehensive and standardised diagnostic and assessment procedure. The depression subitem of the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPId) and Montgomery and Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS) were used to estimate depression. Cut‐off scores for any depression were 0/1 (NPId) and 6/7 (MADRS), and for clinically significant depression 3/4 and 14/15, respectively.ResultsTwo hundered and twenty‐three subjects with dementia participated, of whom 59 and 50% showed symptoms of depression assessed by NPI or MADRS, respectively, and 25 and 16% had clinically significant depression as measured by NPI and MADRS, respectively. Depression was more frequent in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) than in Alzheimer's disease (AD; p < 0.05). APOE genotype was available in 153 patients, and in AD, but not in DLB, a general linear model showed that the presence of APOEε4 allele was significantly associated with depression (F = 4.14; p = 0.045).ConclusionDepression is common even in mild dementia, and more common and severe in DLB compared to AD. Future studies should explore the longitudinal course of depression in DLB, and the neural underpinnings of depression in DLB. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The APOE polymorphism in Alzheimer's disease patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms and syndromes
Authors: D'Onofrio Grazia , Panza Francesco , Seripa Davide , Sancarlo Daniele , Paris Francesco , Cascavilla Leandro , Urbano Maria , Gravina Carolina , Fontana Andrea , Solfrizzi Vincenzo , Pellegrini Fabio , Pilotto Alberto 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are a common feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), resulting in particular AD endophenotypes. The common AD genetic risk factor apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been suggested underlying these AD endophenotypes.MethodsAPOE genotyping, a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory were performed on 322 consecutive older patients. Patients were divided into three groups: AD with NPS (N = 93), AD without NPS (N = 108), and, as a control group, patients with no cognitive impairment (NoCI: N = 121). Patients with NPS were further sub‐divided in four groups according to the European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium (EADC) classification of neuropsychiatric syndromes in AD: hyperactive, psychotic, affective, and apathetic.ResultsAD patients with NPS showed a significantly higher grade of cognitive impairment, more severity stage of dementia, more disability in the activities of daily living (ADL), and the instrumental ADL than AD patients without NPS. As expected, an higher frequency of APOE ε3/ε4 genotype was observed in patients with AD, both with and without NPS, than patients with NoCI. No difference in the distribution of APOE genotypes was found between AD patients with vs. without NPS. However, in AD patients APOE ε4‐carriers, there was an increased risk of affective [odds ratio (OR): 2.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–4.58) and apathetic (OR: 2.24,95%CI: 1.19–4.22) syndromes.ConclusionsThese findings did not suggest a significant association between APOE polymorphism and presence of NPS in AD patients. In AD patients with NPS, however, APOE ε4‐carrier status was associated with an increased risk of affective and apathetic syndromes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrafast electron transfer processes studied by pump‐repump‐probe spectroscopy
Authors: Fischer Martin K. , Gliserin Alexander , Laubereau Alfred , Iglev Hristo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe photodetachment of Br–, I– and OH– in aqueous solution is studied by 2‐ and 3‐pulse femtosecond spectroscopy. The UV excitation leads to fast electron separation followed by formation of a donor‐electron pairs. An additional repump pulse is used for secondary excitation of the intermediates. The 3‐pulse technique allows distinguishing the pair‐intermediate from the fully separated electron. Using this method we observe a novel geminate recombination channel of.OH with adjacent hydrated electrons. The process leads to an ultrafast quenching (0.7 ps) of almost half the initial number of radicals. The phenomenon is not observed in Br– and I–. Our results demonstrate the potential of the 3‐pulse spectroscopy to elucidate the mechanism of ultrafast ET reactions. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
2010 Financial reform: A guide for corporate treasurers
Authors: Ehrlich Michael 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe Dodd‐Frank Financial Reform Bill of 2010 is the most ambitious piece of financial reform legislation since the Great Depression. Every U.S. corporation and citizen will be affected. For treasurers of financial firms like banks and brokers, the entire regulatory universe will be upended. But what will it mean for the corporate treasurer of a nonfinancial firm? The author provides a road map of what to expect, including future legislative changes and expected implementation problems. There is also a checklist for treasurers to help them handle the key issues. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maximizing cash through operational analysis
Authors: Reider Rob 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe author looks at cash management by considering the principles needed to maintain your company in the most economical, efficient, and effective manner possible. If you keep these principles in mind, you can analyze operations and identify areas that need improvement—and then apply best practices that maximize cash inflow and minimize cash outflow. The author guides you through this process with a wealth of valuable bullet‐point checklists. © 2010 by Rob Reider
Cash management initiatives for your accounts payable operations
Authors: Schaeffer Mary S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAccounts payable definitely affects your company's cash flow and cash management. The author explains several tactics your firm can use to improve its cash position‐as well as one or two that will inadvertently harm it.This article is excerpted from Controller and CFO's Guide to Accounts Payable (John Wiley & Sons). © 2007 by Mary S. Schaeffer
A quick guide to bank lines of credit
Authors: Sagner James S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBank lines of credit are an important form of corporate borrowing. As banks cut back on business loans and other forms of credit, it pays to reexamine bank credit lines—and how your company can use them. The author discusses current implications for corporate borrowers and provides a list of action steps your firm should take. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New revenue‐recognition model
Authors: Olsen Lori , Weirich Thomas R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOn June 24, 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued a joint exposure draft on revenue recognition. It marks a significant step toward international convergence. But the new revenue model may have a significant impact on the way some entities recognize revenue—and new disclosure guidance as to the amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows arising from customer contracts. Therefore, cash and treasury management should carefully analyze the impact that this new model can have on their particular entity. The authors explain how to apply the new model. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gen Y's addiction to web 2.0: Problem or strategy?
Authors: Mooney J. Lowell , Wright Jr. Harry R. , Higgins Leslee N. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLooming on the horizon is a long‐term threat that could endanger your company's very existence. That threat is a coming shortage of workers. But there's more bad news: the employees now entering the workplace, dubbed Generation Y, will be very difficult and expensive to retain.What must your company do to attract and keep this newest generation of workers? And is their addiction to Web social networking a problem or a strategy? © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The final bleaching of eucalypt kraft pulps with hydrogen peroxide: relationship with industrial ECF bleaching history and cellulose degradation
Authors: Loureiro Pedro E. G. , Evtuguin Dmitry V. , Carvalho M. Graça V. S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The process of chemical pulp bleaching is based for the most part in chlorine dioxide within elemental chlorine free (ECF) technologies. The use of greener alternatives such as bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (P stage) is not widely used owing to selectivity concerns related to transition metal‐catalyzed decomposition reactions. Even at the final stage where peroxide is recognized to boost brightness and improve the brightness stability of the bleached pulp, cellulose degradation often overcomes these advantages. This paper presents the results of studies intended to optimize final peroxide bleaching performance considering two standard ECF industrial bleaching sequences: the conventional DED and the ECF‐light OQ(PO)D (stages name: D—chlorine dioxide; E—alkaline extraction; O—oxygen; Q—chelation, (PO)—hydrogen peroxide pressurized with oxygen).RESULTS: The addition of sodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) was the most effective option in terms of DED pulp bleachability and selectivity with hydrogen peroxide, as well as in terms of brightness reversion. As regards the OQ(PO)D pulp, a blend of DTPA and magnesium was the most beneficial in those properties.CONCLUSIONS: The choice of the best hydrogen peroxide stabilizer, among the different tested combinations of magnesium and chelants (EDTA and DTPA) studied, in terms of pulp bleachability, bleaching selectivity and brightness reversion is dependent on the impact of the previous bleaching stages on metallic nature and content. The pulp Mg/(Fe + Cu) ratio was highlighted as a process parameter controlling cellulose degradation in peroxide bleaching. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of preparation method and boron addition on the metal function properties of RuSn catalysts for selective carbonyl hydrogenation
Authors: Sánchez Maria A. , Mazzieri Vanina A. , Sad Mario R. , Grau Ricardo , Pieck Carlos L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Improvements in the selective hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters in order to obtain unsaturated fatty alcohols have been attempted through the preparation and modification of supported group VIII metallic catalysts. Suitable catalysts appear to be those based on supported Ru modified by Sn. The influence of preparation and activation methods on the structural and electronic properties of the metallic phase and the effect of modifications to these properties on the catalytic performance of RuSn/Al2O3 catalysts was studied regarding selective hydrogenation of carbonyl groups.RESULTS: Preparation methods have a marked influence on the electronic state of Ru and its interaction with Sn. Temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of chemisorbed CO (FTIR‐CO) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results clearly show that the incorporation of sodium borohydride in the preparation leads to a greater RuSn interaction when compared with catalysts prepared by co‐impregnation without B. The activation of catalysts without B (either by direct reduction or calcinations‐reduction) does not produce a strong RuSn interaction. B‐containing catalysts exhibit higher hydrogenolytic and lower dehydrogenating activities. Selectivity towards oleyl alcohol formation was 37% for this catalyst, while catalysts without B were not suitable for obtaining fatty alcohols.CONCLUSION: The degree of interaction between Ru and Sn strongly depends on catalyst preparation and activation method where strong interaction promotes selectivity with respect to oleyl alcohol formation. On the contrary, catalysts with a weak RuSn interaction do not show significant selectivity for the unsaturated alcohol. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
A shRNA library constructed through the generation of loop‐stem‐loop DNA
Authors: Nishikawa Yuji , Sugiyama Tomoyasu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundShort hairpin RNA (shRNA) libraries are considered to comprise a powerful tool in genetic screening. Several library construction methods have been proposed; these methods require between four and nine tedious reaction steps to construct the library. In the present study, we describe a method of generating shRNA‐coding DNA efficiently from randomized oligonucleotides based on four reaction steps.MethodsBlunt end 29 nucleotides (nt) stem‐loop DNA was synthesized with a DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment from randomized oligonucleotides. The stem‐loop DNA was ligated with a 5′ phosphorylated hairpin linker to obtain novel loop‐stem‐loop DNA. Next, the complementary sequence, forming an 86 nt inverted repeat‐containing stem‐loop DNA, was synthesized using Klenow fragment. The stem‐loop DNA was digested and cloned into a small RNA expression vector. Luciferase activity in cells co‐transfected with a Renilla luciferase‐targeting shRNA plasmid and the luciferase expression plasmid was analyzed for the purpose of evaluating their specificity and efficiency for RNA interference (RNAi).ResultsshRNA‐coding DNA was generated from randomized oligonucleotides. The average GC content in the random sequence was 46.6%. Each sequence was unique. A shRNA generated by this method suppressed luciferase activity at a lower dose compared to a typical shRNA that contain a sequence perfectly matched to the target.ConclusionsWe constructed a shRNA library through four reaction steps, including the generation of loop‐stem‐loop DNA, without the polymerase chain reaction. A shRNA generated by this method retained its specificity of RNAi; however, the shRNA contained a target‐irrelevant 7 nt sequence adjacent to the loop. This method could be valuable in the area of functional genomics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.