bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A smooth mixture of Tobits model for healthcare expenditure
Authors: Keane Michael , Stavrunova Olena 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper develops a smooth mixture of Tobits (SMTobit) model for healthcare expenditure. The model is a generalization of the smoothly mixing regressions framework of Geweke and Keane (J Econometrics 2007; 138: 257–290) to the case of a Tobit‐type limited dependent variable. A Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm with data augmentation is developed to obtain the posterior distribution of model parameters. The model is applied to the US Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey data on total medical expenditure. The results suggest that the model can capture the overall shape of the expenditure distribution very well, and also provide a good fit to a number of characteristics of the conditional (on covariates) distribution of expenditure, such as the conditional mean, variance and probability of extreme outcomes, as well as the 50th, 90th, and 95th, percentiles. We find that healthier individuals face an expenditure distribution with lower mean, variance and probability of extreme outcomes, compared with their counterparts in a worse state of health. Males have an expenditure distribution with higher mean, variance and probability of an extreme outcome, compared with their female counterparts. The results also suggest that heart and cardiovascular diseases affect the expenditure of males more than that of females. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anticipatory ex ante moral hazard and the effect of medicare on prevention
Authors: de Preux Laure B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper extends the ex ante moral hazard model to allow healthy lifestyles to reduce the probability of illness in future periods, so that current preventive behaviour may be affected by anticipated changes in future insurance coverage. In the United States, Medicare is offered to almost all the population at the age of 65. We use nine waves of the US Health and Retirement Study to compare lifestyles before and after 65 of those insured and not insured pre 65. The double‐robust approach, which combines propensity score and regression, is used to compare trends in lifestyle (physical activity, smoking, drinking) of the two groups before and after receiving Medicare, using both difference‐in‐differences and difference‐in‐differences‐in‐differences. There is no clear effect of the receipt of Medicare or its anticipation on alcohol consumption nor smoking behaviour, but the previously uninsured do reduce physical activity just before receiving Medicare. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipid apheresis, indications, and principles
Authors: Winters Jeffrey L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLow‐density lipoprotein apheresis (LDL apheresis) is a term that describes a group of apheresis techniques and devices that selectively remove apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins. A number of different devices are available worldwide, which all effectively remove low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol while sparing other important plasma components. LDL apheresis is used to treat familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), an inherited condition of accelerated atherosclerosis and severe coronary artery disease resulting in premature death. It has also been used to treat other disorders, although the evidence for its use is limited. This review describes the underlying pathophysiology of FH, the mechanism of action of the various LDL apheresis devices available, and how LDL apheresis is used to treat this uncommon metabolic condition. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Valorization of some lignocellulosic agro‐industrial residues to obtain biopolyols
Authors: Briones Rodrigo , Serrano Luis , Labidi Jalel 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The valorization of renewable and abundant resources (date seed, olive stone, corncob, rapeseed cake and apple pomace) from agro‐industrial activities was performed by mild liquefaction using polyhydric alcohols to obtain biopolyols that constitute an attractive choice for polyurethanes and other industrial sectors.RESULTS: The results indicated that liquefaction yields above 90% were obtained for almost all resources (except for rapeseed cake residue) at a minimum ratio of 0.25 mass/liquefying solvent by using weight ratio polyethylene glycol:glycerol:sulphuric acid of 80:20:3, at quite reasonable reaction temperature and time; 160 °C and 60 min, respectively. The values determined for hydroxyl number and viscosity in polyols from date seeds were found to be in the range of those typical of commercial polyols used in polyurethane foam production. On the other hand, the multifunctional liquids from apple pomace, olive stone, corncob and rapeseed cake could be used not only as precursor in polyurethane production but also for replacement of a certain amount of the polyhydroxy alcohol in polyester synthesis.CONCLUSION: The results obtained demonstrated the viability of using polyhydric alcohol liquefaction to generate bio‐based polyols, thus opening new avenues of exploitation of these by‐products. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
The mechanism of cartilage subdivision in the reorganization of the zebrafish pectoral fin endoskeleton
Authors: Dewit Jasper , Witten P. Eckhard , Huysseune Ann 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA cartilaginous pectoral fin endoskeleton in zebrafish (Danio rerio) develops early, after which the cartilage of the larval fin endoskeleton undergoes a complete transformation into the adult morphology. This transformation includes multiple subdivisions of a single cartilaginous disk. The type of cartilage subdivision is unique to teleost fish. In this study, we present the timing and the developmental features of these subdivisions and we discuss variation in this process, caused by differences in growth rate. We establish that the cartilage subdivisions are developmentally linked to the formation of lepidotrichia in the fin fold. At the cellular level, we show that neither apoptosis nor resorption by chondroclasts and/or macrophages contributes to the cartilage subdivision. Ultrastructural observations show dedifferentiation of chondrocytes in subdivision zones. Different from forelimb development in other vertebrates, dedifferentiation is an important mechanism in the development of the adult pectoral fin skeleton. We here provide further support for the idea that the phenotype of skeletal tissues is not terminal and that plasticity of differentiated connective tissues can play an important role in various developmental and homeostatic processes. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 316:584–597, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The clinical impact of fluoroquinolone resistance in patients with E coli bacteremia
Authors: Camins Bernard C. , Marschall Jonas , De Vader Shannon R. , Maker Dawn E. , Hoffman Matthew W. , Fraser Victoria J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:There are limited data on fluoroquinolone resistance and its impact on mortality in cases of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection (BSI).OBJECTIVE:To determine risk factors for in‐hospital mortality among patients with E coli BSIs.DESIGN:A retrospective case‐control study.SETTING:A 1250‐bed tertiary academic medical center.PATIENTS:Patients with fluoroquinolone‐resistant E coli BSI from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2005 with 1:1 matched control patients with fluoroquinolone‐sensitive E coli BSI.INDEPENDENT OUTCOME:In‐hospital mortality.RESULTS:A total of 93 cases and 93 control patients were included. Compared with control patients, cases were more likely to be admitted from a long‐term care facility (35% vs. 9%; P < .001) and to have a hospital‐acquired bacteremia (54% vs. 33%; P = .008). Crude mortality was 26% for cases and 8% for controls (P = .002). On univariate analysis, predictors for in‐hospital mortality included female gender, admission from a long‐term care facility, APACHE II score >10, Charlson comorbidity score >4, cardiac dysfunction, cirrhosis, renal dysfunction, treatment with corticosteroids, and a fluoroquinolone‐resistant E coli bacteremia. On multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for in‐hospital mortality were cirrhosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 7.2; confidence interval [CI], 1.7–29.8; P = .007), cardiac dysfunction (aOR, 3.9; CI, 1.6–9.4; P = .003), and infection with a fluoroquinolone‐resistant E coli isolate (aOR, 3.9; CI, 1.5–10.2; P = .005).CONCLUSIONS:After controlling for severity of illness and multiple comorbidities only fluoroquinolone resistance, cirrhosis, and cardiac dysfunction independently predicted mortality in patients with E coli bacteremia. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011;6:344–349. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Characteristics associated with higher cost per day or longer length of stay in hospitalized patients who died during the hospitalization or were discharged to hospice
Authors: Youngwerth Jeanie M. , Bartley Jess B. , Yamashita Traci E. , Kutner Jean S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Palliative care has been recommended as an approach to improve the quality of care for patients with advanced illness, while achieving hospital cost savings. However, studies are lacking that identify hospitalized patients who are more likely to have higher cost per day or length of stay (LOS) who may benefit from palliative care consultation.OBJECTIVE:Identify characteristics associated with higher cost per day or longer LOS in hospitalized patients at the end of life—those likely to benefit from palliative care consultation.DESIGN:Observational study.SETTING:Academic medical center.PATIENTS:Adult inpatients who died during the hospitalization or were discharged to hospice.INTERVENTION:None.MEASUREMENTS:We hypothesized that several patient characteristics would be associated with higher cost per day and/or longer LOS. Using administrative data, we developed univariate and multivariate models to evaluate association between these patient characteristics and cost per day and LOS.RESULTS:Patients cared for on the cardiothoracic surgery service had significantly higher cost per day ($12,937; P < 0.0001) and LOS (7.0 days; P = 0.001). Neurosurgery patients also had higher cost per day ($2255; P = 0.03), and surgical oncology patients had a longer length of stay (5.3 days; P = 0.003). Patients 65 years and older had a significantly lower cost per day (−$811; P = 0.02) and LOS (−1.8 days; P = 0.003) for each decade increase in age.CONCLUSIONS:Our data suggest that younger patients and those cared for by surgical specialty services may receive the most benefit from palliative care consultation, a finding that needs to be corroborated in other centers. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011;6:336–343. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Ten ways to improve the care of elderly patients in the hospital
Authors: Labella Angelena Maria , Merel Susan Eva , Phelan Elizabeth Anne 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHospitalists care for elderly patients daily, but few have specialized training in geriatric medicine. Elderly patients, and in particular the very old and the frail elderly, are at high risk of functional decline and iatrogenic complications during hospitalization. Other challenges in caring for this patient population include dosing medications safely, preventing delirium and accidental falls, and providing adequate pain control. Ways to improve the care of the hospitalized elderly patient include the following: screening for geriatric syndromes such as delirium, assessing functional status and maintaining mobility, and implementation of interventions that have been shown to prevent delirium, accidental falls, and acute functional decline in the hospital. This article addresses these issues with 10 evidence‐based pearls developed to help hospitalists provide optimal care for this expanding population. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011;6:351–357. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
The employee as a punching bag: The effect of multiple sources of incivility on employee withdrawal behavior and sales performance
Authors: Sliter Michael , SLITER Katherine , Jex Steve 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe link between the interpersonal stressor of workplace mistreatment and objective measures of performance is often overlooked in organizational research. In order to fill this research gap, we examined the unique and combined effects of two sources of incivility (customer and coworker) on objective sales performance and withdrawal behaviors (absenteeism and tardiness). We hypothesized that coworker and customer incivility would interact to predict reduced performance and increased withdrawal, using the conservation of resources model to support our hypotheses. We surveyed 120 bank tellers regarding experienced incivility and obtained performance and withdrawal data spanning a period of several months following the survey. The data indicated that coworker and customer incivility did interact to predict decreased sales performance and increased absenteeism, supporting the majority of our proposed hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings and future directions are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
You cannot leave it at the office: Spillover and crossover of coworker incivility
Authors: Ferguson Merideth 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThis study examines the spillover and crossover effects of a specific chronic stressor, coworker incivility, on target marital satisfaction, partner marital satisfaction, and partner family‐to‐work conflict and on how the transmission of stress from the workplace to the family domain (as perceived by the target's partner) mediates these relationships. Using a matched data set of 190 job incumbents and their partners, the findings reveal that coworker incivility demonstrates both spillover and crossover effects on these outcomes important to the family. Evidence indicates that incivility targets do not leave the stress of incivility at work but instead bring it home to the family domain where it influences relationships with and outcomes of their partners. Implications of these findings and avenues for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of dietary fish oil replacement with flaxseed oil on tissue fatty acid composition and expression of desaturase and elongase genes
Authors: Mateos Hintsa T , Lewandowski Paul A , Su Xiao Q 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of total or partial substitution of dietary fish oil (FO) by flaxseed oil (FlaxO) in Jade Tiger hybrid abalone on fatty acid composition of muscle, gonad and digestive gland, and the expression of desaturase and elongase genes. Abalone were fed five different experimental diets in which FO (control diet) was serially replaced by 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% FlaxO respectively.RESULTS: Muscle, gonad and digestive gland of abalone fed the control diet and the diets containing 25%, 50% and 75% FlaxO showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) compared to those fed the 100% FlaxO. The results also showed that Δ‐6 desaturase and elongase gene expression in muscle was increased in a graded manner by increasing dietary FlaxO. The expression of both genes was higher in abalone fed the FlaxO‐substituted diets compared to the abalone fed FO.CONCLUSION: The replacement of FO with FlaxO in commercial abalone diets at levels of 25–75% can improve the composition of health‐benefiting n‐3 polyunsturated fatty acids in tissues of cultured hybrid abalone, and achieve similar outcomes to FO supplementation. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Heterogeneity in clinical presentations of posttraumatic stress disorder among medical patients: Testing factor structure variation using factor mixture modeling
Authors: Elhai Jon D. , Naifeh James A. , Forbes David , Ractliffe Kendra C. , Tamburrino Marijo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe present study used factor mixture modeling to explore empirically defined subgroups of psychological trauma victims based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and latent class analysis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We sampled 310 medical patients with a history of trauma exposure. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the 4‐factor emotional numbing PTSD model yielded the best model fit. Using latent factor means derived from this model and the 4‐factor dysphoria PTSD model (indexing severity on PTSD factors), 3 latent classes of participants were identified using factor mixture modeling. The 3‐class model fit the data very well and was validated against external measures of anxiety and rumination.
Proteomic profiling of secretome and adherent plasma membranes from distinct mammary epithelial cell subpopulations
Authors: Ji Hong , Goode Robert J. A. , Vaillant Francois , Mathivanan Suresh , Kapp Eugene A. , Mathias Rommel A. , Lindeman Geoffrey J. , Visvader Jane E. , Simpson Richard J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe stem cell niche comprises stem cells (SCs), stromal cells, soluble factors, extracellular matrix constituents and vascular networks. The ability to identify signals that regulate SC self‐renewal and differentiation is confounded by the difficulty in isolating pure SC niche components in sufficient quantities to enable their biochemical characterisation. Here, we report the extracellular (secretome) and adherent plasma membrane proteomes of three distinct epithelial cell subpopulations isolated and immortalized from the mouse mammary gland – basal and mammary stem cell (basal/MaSC), luminal progenitor (LP) and mature luminal (ML) cell lines. GeLC‐MS/MS‐based proteomic profiling revealed a distinct switch in components modulating Wnt and ephrin signalling, and integrin‐mediated interactions amongst the three cell subpopulations. For example, expression of ephrin B2, ephrin receptors A1, and A2, as well as integrins α2β1 and α6β4 were shown to be enriched in basal/MaSCs, relative to LP and ML cells. Conspicuously, Wnt10a was uniquely detected in basal/MaSCs, and may modulate the canonical Wnt signalling pathway to maintain basal/MaSC activity. By contrast, non‐canonical Wnt signalling might be elevated in ML cells, as evidenced by the high expression levels of Wnt5a, Wnt5b, and the transmembrane tyrosine kinase Ror2.
Carbofuran occupational dermal toxicity, exposure and risk assessment
Authors: Gammon Derek W , Liu Zhiwei , Becker John M 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Carbofuran is a carbamate insecticide that inhibits AChE. Although toxic by ingestion in mammals, it has low dermal toxicity, with relatively few confirmed worker illnesses. This risk assessment describes its time of onset, time to peak effect and time to recovery in rats using brain AChE inhibition in acute and 21 day dermal studies; in vitro rat/human relative dermal absorption for granular (5G) and liquid (4F) formulations; occupational exposure estimates using the Pesticide Handlers' Exposure Database and Agricultural Handlers' Exposure Database (PHED/AHED).RESULTS: The point of departure for acute risk calculation (BMDL10) was 6.7 mg kg−1 day−1 for brain AChE inhibition after 6 h exposure. In a 21 day study, the BMDL10 was 6.8 mg kg−1 day−1, indicating reversibility. At 75 mg kg−1 day−1, time of onset was ⩽30 min and time to peak effect was 6–12 h. Rat skin had ca tenfold greater dermal absorption of carbofuran (Furadan® 5G or 4F) than human skin. Exposure estimates for 5G in rice and 4F in ten crops had adequate margins of exposure (>100).CONCLUSION: Rat dermal carbofuran toxicity was assessed in terms of dose and time‐related inhibition of AChE. Comparative dermal absorption in rats was greater than in humans. Worker exposure estimates indicated acceptable risk for granular and liquid formulations of carbofuran. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Growth and characterization of graphene by chemical reduction of graphene oxide in solution
Authors: Yan Jun , Zhao Zhiwei , Pan Likun 
Published: August 2011

AbstractGraphene was synthesized by the modified Hummers method and a hydrazine reduction process. The obtained graphene was characterized by various diagnostic techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A layer of transparency crumpled film was obtained with an interlayer spacing of 0.37 nm. The two typical peaks of 3415 and 1091 cm−1 correlated to OH and CO were observed from the FTIR spectrum. The samples showed an enhanced thermal stability promoting the way for the research and the applications of graphene.
Growth evolution and superparamagnetism of ultrathin Fe films grown on GaN(0001) surfaces
Authors: Wong Ping Kwan Johnny , Zhang Wen , Cui Xugao , Will Iain , Xu Yongbing , Tao Zikuo , Li Xi , Xie Zili , Zhang Rong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe have investigated the growth and magnetic properties of Fe films on wurtzite GaN(0001) in the ultrathin regime at room temperature (RT). As found from the coverage‐dependent reflection high‐energy electron diffraction patterns, the Fe film growth proceeds in the three‐dimensional Volmer–Weber (VM) mode at RT. Coexistence of ferromagnetic (FM) and superparamagnetic (SPM) phases has been observed at a Fe thickness of about 5 ML. The zero‐field‐cooling (ZFC) and field‐cooling (FC) magnetization measurements under a constant magnetic field with various temperatures have suggested a Fe blocking temperature (TB) of 120 K.
Work function, band bending, and electron affinity in surface conducting (100) diamond
Authors: Edmonds M. T. , Pakes C. I. , Mammadov S. , Zhang W. , Tadich A. , Ristein J. , Ley L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe change in electron affinity and band bending as a result of atmosphere and fullerene (C60F48) induced surface conductivity on H‐terminated (100) diamond is determined by simultaneously measuring the work function (ϕ) and C1s core level shift for both intrinsic and boron doped diamond. Changes in work function as a result of surface transfer doping are shown to not only reflect variations in the position of the surface Fermi level as reported by earlier investigations but also changes in the electron affinity, with the latter accounting for up to 0.63 eV of the highest observed change in ϕ of 1.45 eV.
The effect of annealing on the X‐ray induced photocurrent characteristics of CVD diamond radiation detectors with different electrical contacts
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Mohamed A. E. , Lohstroh Annika , Sellin Paul J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAn investigation on the influence of metal–diamond interfaces on the X‐ray induced photocurrent characteristics of diamond based solid state radiation detectors has been performed before and after annealing in order to identify the parameters of metal contact formation which maximise the performance. For this purpose, two different samples with different metal contacts were fabricated by sputtering Pt (labelled HPS‐Pt) and Al/Pt (labelled HPS‐Al/Pt) on to high quality CVD diamond. To examine the performance of the two samples, a set of measurements was performed before and after annealing the devices: I–V characteristics, time response such as rise and fall‐off times, sensitivity and specific sensitivity, signal to noise ratio (SNR), photoconductive gain, dose rate dependence and reproducibility were studied. The effect of the changes in bias voltage on the performance of the samples was also investigated. The response of annealing the devices is strongly dependent on the metal contact. HPS‐Al/Pt showed a strong increase in the current amplitude (∼240 times the value before annealing) and the stability is improved as a high overshoot is totally removed after annealing. Annealing HPS‐Pt showed a slight increase in the current amplitude and the small overshoot existing at low dose rate is also removed, however the stability of the currents is reduced which affected the reproducibility of the signal.