bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of neutron irradiation and annealing on the optical properties of GaN
Authors: Rodrigues J. , Peres M. , Soares M. J. , Lorenz K. , Marques J. G. , Neves A. J. , Monteiro T. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEpitaxial GaN layers were irradiated with fast and thermal neutrons in the Portuguese Research Reactor. Irradiation leads to a quenching of the typical GaN near band edge and yellow luminescence for samples excited with above band gap photon energy. Although structural techniques indicate a full recovery of irradiation damage for annealing at 1000 °C, the near band edge emission is not recovered after annealing. Nevertheless, deep level recombination is detected with above and below band gap excitation. In particular, the yellow and green luminescence bands (at 2.2 and 2.35 eV) are observed upon above band gap excitation while under illumination with below the band gap energy a yellow luminescence at 2.1 eV and infrared unstructured bands at 1.2 eV and 1.0 eV are observed The position of below gap broad bands is strongly dependent on the irradiation conditions and annealing pointing to the formation of distinctly different defect complexes or different charge states of optically active defects (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Equivalent‐circuit‐model for GaN‐GIT bi‐directional switch including influence of gate resistance
Authors: Ide Toshihide , Shimizu Mitsuaki , Shen Xu‐Qiang , Morita Tatsuo , Ueda Tetsuzo , Tanaka Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe obtain an equivalent‐circuit‐model for GaN gate‐insulated‐transistor (GIT) bi‐directional switches (BDSWs) which consists of one current source and three capacitances. Employing this model for the chopper circuit simulation, the gate resistance dependence is included into the input capacitance of CG1S2 and CG1S1 in order to improve the accuracy. By including this influence of the gate resistance, the calculated waveforms and the estimated switching losses agree well with the experimental ones with accuracy of over 90% when the circuit conditions are varied. This gate resistance dependence is considered to be caused by the hole injection at the gate region. By using our proposed model, this equivalent‐circuit‐model for GIT BDSWs can be treated with like a simple single‐gate MOSFET model (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of crack‐free GaN epitaxial thin films on composite Si(111)/polycrystalline diamond substrates by MOVPE
Authors: Jiang Quanzhong , Edwards Michael J. , Shields Philip A. , Allsopp Duncan W. E. , Bowen Christopher R. , Wang Wang N. , Tóth Lajos , Pécz Bela , Srnanek Rudolf , Satka Alexander , Kovac Jaroslav 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis paper reports the direct growth by MOVPE of high‐quality, crack‐free III‐nitrides (∼350 nm) on composite substrates comprising an ultra‐thin Si (111) layer on which polycrystalline diamond (PD) has been deposited. The Si/PD substrates are designed to provide superior heat sinking performance for high power devices. The FWHM of rocking curves of the nitride films is measured to be ∼1100 arcsec from a GaN/Al0.2Ga0.8N/AlN/Si/PD multilayer structure. As expected from the low coefficient of thermal expansion of diamond, the epitaxial layers are under severe tensile stress. The Si (111) layer is shown to act as a compliant buffer layer between the III‐nitride and the PD, i.e. the Si is under a compressive stress under the influence of GaN of larger thermal expansion coefficient, but the structure is mechanically stable. This technique is an obvious economic and technological advantage compared to direct growth of III‐nitrides on single crystal diamond (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New less‐conservative stability results for uncertain stochastic neural networks with fewer slack variables
Authors: Zheng Cheng‐De , Zhang Huaguang , Wang Zhanshan 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYThe exponential stability problem is investigated for a class of uncertain stochastic neural networks with discrete and unbounded distributed time delays. Two types of uncertainty are considered: one is time‐varying structured uncertainty, whereas the other is interval uncertainty. With the application of the Jensen integral inequality and constructing appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional based on delay partitioning, several improved delay‐dependent criteria are developed to achieve the exponential stability in mean square in terms of linear matrix inequalities. It is established theoretically that two special cases of the obtained criteria are less conservative than some existing results but including fewer slack variables. As the present conditions involve fewer free weighting matrices, the computational burden is largely reduced. Three numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contributions to model validation: hierarchy, process, and cessation
Authors: Groesser Stefan N. , Schwaninger Markus 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn the domain of dynamic modeling and simulation, the assurance of model validity is a prominent challenge. An extensive number of contributions concerning model tests, terminology, and the epistemological foundations of validation have been elaborated. These contributions, however, do not fully answer the questions for novice modelers, namely, which validation tests to choose, when and how to apply them, and at what point to cease their formal validation efforts. Our intention here is to help close this gap by introducing a complexity hierarchy of validation tests, an integrative validation process, and a decision heuristic about when to stop formal validation efforts. The paper concludes by providing directions for future research. Copyright © 2012 System Dynamics Society
Low‐Field Magnetoresistance Effect in Core–Shell Structured La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yang , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCore–shell structured La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 nanoparticles are synthesized and their magnetic and magneto‐transport properties are investigated. In these core–shell La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 nanoparticles, the cores are single‐crystalline and ferromagnetic, whereas the shells are noncrystalline and predominantly paramagnetic. Moreover, the insulating‐like shells can serve as a good spin tunneling barrier. Therefore, in such a special core–shell structure, the spin‐polarized interparticle tunneling is improved due to the existence of shells, which thus induces an enhanced low‐field magnetoresistance effect.
Hybrid steel plate girders subjected to patch loading
Authors: Bock Marina , Chacón Rolando , Mirambell Enrique , Real Esther 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHybrid girders represent an economical alternative to homogeneous girders because they achieve greater flexural capacity with less material. One of the potential applications of hybrid steel plate girders is their use in bridges. One potential method of construction for these bridges is the push launch method in which patch loading may affect the design. The aim of this paper is to present the advanced conclusions of research work dealing with these two fields simultaneously: hybrid steel plate girders subjected to the particular case of patch loading. It is shown that, contrary to the EN 1993‐1‐5 formulation, the influence of the fyf /fyw ratio (namely, the hybrid grade) is negligible for both unstiffened and longitudinally stiffened girders according to the EN 1993‐1‐5 assumptions. Suggestions for considering these findings in design codes are provided at the end of the paper.
Statistical evaluation of the new resistance model for steel plate girders subjected to patch loading
Authors: Mirambell Enrique , Chacón Rolando , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Braun Benjamin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a new resistance model for steel plate girders subjected to patch loading. The model aims to correct the EN 1993‐1‐5 formulation concerning the resistance to transverse forces with the help of findings presented in several doctoral studies on this topic. In addition, a statistical calibration of the new model is addressed. This calibration includes a new proposal for the resistance function χ‐λ. The proposal is conceived for fulfilling safety levels of the partial safety factor that match the current values included in EN 1993 for instability‐related problems. These new proposals are in accordance with the design philosophy found in EN 1993‐1‐5 for the design of plated structures.
New efficient cross‐layer and multihoming mechanisms at layer 2 for inter‐radio access technology handover between UMTS and WiMAX
Authors: Liu Bin , Boukhatem Nadia , Martins Philippe , Bertin Philippe 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTNext generation mobile networks will provide seamless mobility between existing cellular systems and other wireless access technologies. To realize a seamless vertical handover (inter‐radio access technology handover) among these different access technologies, a multi‐interfaced mobile station (i.e., multihomed) is a good approach to provide better handover performance in terms of packet loss rate and handover latency. In this article, we propose a novel layer 2 multihoming approach for inter‐radio access technology handover between Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) in both integrated and tight coupling architectures. This layer 2 multihoming approach has the ability of enabling either soft handover or make‐before‐break handover to adapt to mobility scenarios for the sake of a lossless and short latency handover procedure. Our simulation results show that, in case of handover from UMTS to WiMAX for transmission control protocol (TCP) traffics, the layer 2 multihoming approach can achieve a lossless and zero latency handover procedure by enabling soft handover. In case of handover from WiMAX to UMTS, because of the fact that the performance gain of soft handover is more affected by the differences of bandwidth and transmission delay between these wireless links, the make‐before‐break handover is preferred to achieve lossless and short latency handover procedure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explaining the functional differences of rods versus cones
Authors: Kawamura Satoru , Tachibanaki Shuji 
Published: February 2012

AbstractOur visual sensation is mediated by two types of photoreceptors, rods and cones. Both respond to light electrically. Rods are highly light‐sensitive but cones are not. Because of this sensitivity difference, rods mediate night vision and cones mediate daylight vision. While a response to a brief light flash is rather slow in rods, it is brief in cones. These rod and cone differences in their light sensitivity and the response time course arise in the differences in the reactions in the enzyme cascade to evoke light responses in these cells. This cascade (phototransduction cascade) in rods is now rather well understood at the molecular level in a quantitative way. In cones, similar cascade has been known to be present. However, details are not known yet because it was difficult to obtain purified cones in an amount large enough to study these issues biochemically. Fortunately, we succeeded in the purification of enough amounts of cones from the retina of carp (Cyprinus carpio), which enables us to compare the qualitative and quantitative differences in the phototransduction cascade between rods and cones. The results so far we obtained explain lower light sensitivity and briefer light responses in cones than in rods. Furthermore, an additional difference between rods and cones was found in the retinoid metabolism. This reaction, specifically found in cones, ensures effective regeneration of visual pigment so that cones can operate even under very bright light. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1: 675–683. doi: 10.1002/wmts.8For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Preoperative Localizing Studies for Initial Parathyroidectomy in MEN1 Syndrome: Is There Any Benefit?
Authors: Nilubol Naris , Weinstein Lee , Simonds William F. , Jensen Robert T. , Phan Giao Q. , Hughes Marybeth S. , Libutti Steven K. , Marx Stephen , Kebebew Electron 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the utility of preoperative localizing studies in patients with MEN1 undergoing initial bilateral neck exploration (BNE) and parathyroidectomy for pHPT.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with MEN1 who underwent initial parathyroidectomy between December 1993 and December 2010. Results of preoperative localizing studies were compared with intraoperative findings and outcome.ResultsSixty patients with MEN1 (32 females and 28 males) underwent initial subtotal parathyroidectomy. The median age at the time of surgery was 33 years (range: 13–78 years). Fifty‐three patients had one or more positive localizing study results. Neck ultrasonography, sestamibi scan, parathyroid protocol computed tomography scan, and neck and mediastinum magnetic resonance imaging were performed in 93, 91, 32, and 19% of patients, respectively. Fifty‐three patients (88%) had cervical thymectomy. Twenty patients had 24 ectopic parathyroid glands; 18 glands were in the thymus (75%). Preoperative localizing studies identified 9 of 24 ectopic parathyroid glands (38%), including 4 ectopic glands outside the thymus in 4 patients (7%); 3 were detected by ultrasonography. There were no supernumerary glands identified on preoperative localizing studies.ConclusionsIn patients with MEN1, preoperative localizing studies identified a subset of ectopic glands (38%). Preoperative localizing studies may alter the operative approach in 7% of patients. Ultrasonography can detect most ectopic parathyroid glands outside thymus. This suggests that routine preoperative localizing studies to identify ectopic and supernumerary enlarged parathyroid glands is not useful in the majority of patients with MEN1 undergoing bilateral neck exploration and subtotal parathyroidectomy with cervical thymectomy.
Classification of Geographical Origin by PNN Analysis of Fatty Acid Data and Level of Contaminants in Oils From Peruvian Anchovy
Authors: Standal Inger B. , Rainuzzo José , Axelson David E. , Valdersnes Stig , Julshamn Kåre , Aursand Marit 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine Peruvian anchovy oil fatty acid (FA) compositions, and to test the possibility of using the FA data to classify the oils according to geographical origin along the Peruvian coast. The levels of contaminants in a representative set of samples were determined to examine the general levels and investigate if such measurements could aid in future discrimination between oils. The FA results showed that the two known stocks of Peruvian anchovy displayed different levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) (southern stock; 14.4 ± 0.8% versus central‐northern stock; 9.9 ± 1.2%). However, principal component analysis (PCA) of the FA data indicated clusters according to three regions; North, Center and South. Using a data set of 57 anchovy samples and 21 FA as input, a probabilistic neural network (PNN) was constructed. For the validation data sets, “North” oils was predicted accurately 100% of the time, “Center” oils 100% and “South” oils 83% of the time. The levels of contaminants in the oils determined were low in all but one sample.
Mood stabilizers for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: An update review
Authors: Yeh Yi‐Chun , Ouyang Wen‐Chen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common and debilitating problems, but current treatments are limited. Antipsychotic agents show some efficacy on BPSD, but their use is limited by the associated risk of cerebrovascular events and mortality. Reports have shown the efficacy of mood stabilizers on BPSD, but systemic reviews on this issue are scant. This article aims to review studies of the efficacy of mood stabilizers on BPSD, and the quality of the available evidence. We searched for articles published in English during the period 1990 to 2010 and included in the PubMed database that concerned treatment of BPSD with mood stabilizers, such as carbamazepine, valproate, gabapentin, topiramate, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine and lithium. The quality of the studies was assessed by considering the trial designs, analyses, subjects and results. We found one meta‐analysis and three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) supporting the efficacy of carbamazepine in managing global BPSD, particularly aggression and hostility. With regard to valproate, current evidence from one meta‐analysis and five RCTs did not strongly support its efficacy for global BPSD, including agitation and aggression. Only open trials or case series showed some efficacy of gabapentin, topiramate and lamotrigine in controlling BPSD. The single RCT investigating the effect of oxcarbazepine on agitation and aggression showed negative results. Case series reports on lithium tended to show it to be ineffective. Thus far, among mood stabilizers, carbamazepine has the most robust evidence of efficacy on BPSD. More RCTs are needed to strengthen evidence regarding the efficacy of gabapentin, topiramate and lamotrigine. Valproate, oxcarbazepine and lithium showed low or no evidence of efficacy. Large and well designed RCTs focusing on specific symptoms of BPSD are needed to deal with the issue.
Loss of heterozygosity in oral cancer
Authors: Kasamatsu Atsushi , Uzawa Katsuhiro , Usukura Katsuya , Koike Kazuyuki , Nakashima Dai , Ishigami Takashi , Fushimi Kazuaki , Ogawara Katsunori , Shiiba Masashi , Tanzawa Hideki 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a multistep process, which involves many genetic factors. Among them, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies have been used to identify regions on chromosomes that may contain putative tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Here, we searched PubMed for relevant publications including our previous studies and compared results of LOH in OSCCs from the articles. LOHs in OSCCs were observed at various loci on almost all chromosomes, except X and Y. In this review, the LOH in patients with OSCC and the interrelationship between TSGs and OSCC initiation and progression are discussed.
Air trapping at impact of a rigid sphere onto a liquid
Authors: Hicks P. D. , Ermanyuk E. V. , Gavrilov N. V. , Purvis R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAn experimental and theoretical investigation of the air trapping by a blunt, locally spherical body impacting onto the free surface of water is conducted. In the parameter regime previously studied theoretically by Hicks & Purvis (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 649, 2010, pp. 135–163), excellent agreement between experimental data and theoretical modelling is obtained. Earlier predictions of the radius of the trapped air pocket are confirmed. A boundary element method is used to consider air cushioning of an impact of an axisymmetric body into water. Efficient computational methods are obtained by analytically integrating the boundary integral equation over the azimuthal variable. The resulting numerically computed free-surface profiles predict an annular touchdown region in excellent agreement with the experiments.
Constructions of uncontrolled state or event
Authors: Elvira Javier 
Published: February 2012

Spanish and other Romance languages inherited from Latin the seeds of a new construction that is common to the syntax of some verbs belonging to the field of emotions, feelings, pain or modality. The semantic values of this construction are strange to prototypical transitivity and are coupled with a marked argument structure, compared with the more common transitive sentence.
In the early centuries of the history of Spanish only a few verbs were integrated in the new scheme, which could receive an experience, modal or quantitative meaning, depending on an analogical association with certain frequent verbs. As the construction gained productivity, the importance of these few specific verbs as models for the newly integrated ones was reduced and the construction as a whole was understood in a more general sense of uncontrolled state or event.
This paper provides a history of the construction in its different stages and tries to uncover the mechanism and factors that favored the increase in its productivity over the centuries. It also attempts to understand these facts from a typological standpoint, as an effect of some kind of a transitivity split that took place in Old Spanish, which gave rise to a type of marked construction, associated to some specific verbs.
The development of possessive HAVE GOT
Authors: Schulz Monika Edith 
Published: February 2012

This paper provides an in-depth discussion and evaluation of different accounts of the historical development of possessive HAVE GOT. Accounts which postulate the insertion of got as a pattern preserver after phonologically reduced instances of possessive HAVE (Jespersen 1931; Crowell 1959; Krug 2000) are problematic because there is no historical evidence for phonologically reduced possessive HAVE. Another line of research argues that possessive HAVE GOT started out as an inference ‘continuation of possession’ in contexts of present perfect HAVE got(ten) ‘have received/have acquired’ (Johnson 1773; Visser 1973; Gronemeyer 1999).
A principled account of this development is provided in terms of the conventionalisation of conversational implicatures. The inference ‘continuation of possession’ is a conversational implicature which meets Levinson’s criteria of cancellability, nondetachability, reinforceability and calculability. Conventionalisation of this conversational implicature is evidenced by uses of HAVE GOT in contexts of inalienable possession where the meaning ‘have received/have acquired’ is no longer possible.
Assessment of a New Gear to Sample Walleye Eggs
Authors: Katt Jordan D. , Koupal Keith D. , Schoenebeck Casey W. , Hoback W. Wyatt 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A new gear for sampling walleye Sander vitreus eggs, egg sampling disks, is described, and the ability of these disks to estimate walleye egg density on mud, cobble, and rip-rap substrates is demonstrated. Each egg sampling disk was a concave steel disk covered with outdoor carpet. The ability of the disks to estimate walleye egg density and total egg deposition on a defined area was tested at Sherman Reservoir, Nebraska. The average cost of each egg sampling disk was US$8.00. An array of 10 disks could be processed (retrieved, complete the egg recovery procedure, and redeployed) in approximately 1 h. The egg sampling disks were an appropriate gear for estimating egg deposition on mud, cobble, and rip-rap substrate and could also be useful for estimating the total egg deposition of walleyes and other demersally spawning fish.
Received December 21, 2010; accepted August 30, 2011
Toward community standards in the quest for orthologs
Authors: Dessimoz Christophe , Gabaldón Toni , Roos David S. , Sonnhammer Erik L. L. , Herrero Javier ,   the Quest for Orthologs Consortium
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The identification of orthologs—genes pairs descended from a common ancestor through speciation, rather than duplication—has emerged as an essential component of many bioinformatics applications, ranging from the annotation of new genomes to experimental target prioritization. Yet, the development and application of orthology inference methods is hampered by the lack of consensus on source proteomes, file formats and benchmarks. The second ‘Quest for Orthologs’ meeting brought together stakeholders from various communities to address these challenges. We report on achievements and outcomes of this meeting, focusing on topics of particular relevance to the research community at large. The Quest for Orthologs consortium is an open community that welcomes contributions from all researchers interested in orthology research and applications.
Contact: dessimoz@ebi.ac.uk