bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Globalization, Computer-mediated Communications and the Rise of e-Arabic
Authors: Daoudi Anissa 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article highlights an as yet overlooked consequence of the expansion of computer-mediated communication in the Arab world, the emergence and extensive use of a new language (e-Arabic). This is a language that mixes, borrows and adapts, uses numbers, Roman letters, Arabic script characters, emotions and words from other languages (English and French) to engage not only with the globalized discourse, but also to examine the specific ways in which the local frames the global. Using an analysis of the language used in e-literature (novels) such as Nessyane Com (2009), 'Ayza atgawiz (2008) and Banat al-Riyadh (2005), this article explores whether globalization processes have changed modern standard Arabic (MSA) and colloquial Arabic at the level of the single word, compound and phrase levels, while also examining the metaphorical language that has emerged.
A New-Look for Muslim Women in the Canadian Media: CBC's Little Mosque on the Prairie
Authors: Khan Sarah , Eid Mahmoud 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe coverage of Muslim women in Western media has long been using Orientalist stereotypes and portrayals of Muslims as outsiders. Even though racist stereotypes exist in Canada, Canadian legislation and the media are attempting to portray an idealistic form of multiculturalism. Recently, Canadian mainstream media have refrained from stereotypical representations of Muslims, especially women, and shifted toward non-Orientalist representations. CBC's Little Mosque on the Prairie (LMP), a satirical Canadian comedy sitcom, is one of the first such instances. LMP criticizes and refutes negative stereotypes, portraying Muslims as ordinary Canadians with problems and lifestyles that are shared across Canada. A qualitative and quantitative content analysis of the first season's eight episodes investigates how Muslim women have been portrayed in LMP, drawing on Luhmann's (1987) theory on representation of society, Millar's (1793) observations about women in society, Hall's (1997) Other, Said's (1978) Orientalism, Kristeva's (1991) theories on foreigners, and Bhabha's (1994) Third Space. Findings demonstrate that Muslim women on CBC are not oppressed or stereotyped; instead, they participate normally in Canadian culture and the workplace and are not considered outsiders. Muslim women in Canada exist in Third Spaces that allow Canadian and Islamic practices to merge, resulting in a uniquely Canadian artifact like LMP.
Framing Political Islam in Popular Egyptian Cinema
Authors: Allagui Ilhem , Najjar Abeer 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPolitical Islam has been at the forefront of political discussions in and of the Middle East and has often been associated with violence and 'terrorism'. Much has been written on political Islam, but there has been little work on how Arab audiences respond to and view political Islam and the groups seen to be acting under this generic framework, including al-Qa'eda. In the absence of serious audience research that would give us a better idea about attitudes, this article examines how Arab popular culture frames active Islamist groups; in particular we focus on Egyptian films that help shape Arab audiences' perspectives of political Islam. The article analyzes how political Islam is discussed in these films and by film producers, directors and media owners, and how Islamist groups are often framed as the 'other'.
Tramps vs. Sweethearts: Changing Images of Arab and American Women in Hollywood Films
Authors: Yunis Alia , Picherit-Duthler Gaelle 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe portrayal of Arab women in Hollywood from the silent movies to today stands in sharp contrast to the portrayal of American women over the same time period and can be defined by off screen politics. By examining important American films over nearly 100 years, this article describes Arab and American women characters through five political-historical phases of US international relations that define their Hollywood images: 1) pre-World War II, 2) from World War II to the 1960s, 3) the 1970s, 4) the 1980s to 11 September 2001 and 5) post-9/11. The analysis reveals a variety of archetypes for both Arab and American women, but the main finding suggests a limited role for American women and the near absence of Arab women in Hollywood movies. Independent filmmakers and upcoming Arab-American movie makers may yet be able to fill this void.
Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Orthaea Dallas (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae: Rhyparochrominae: Myodochini), and the description of a closely related new genus and species of Myodochini
Authors: Montemayor Sara , Dellapé Pablo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA new genus and species from Brazil, oraea brasiliensis, is described and illustrated, and its phylogenetic affinities are discussed. The genus oraea is diagnosed by the V-shaped buccular juncture, the presence of jugal ridge, evaporative area extensive, mesepimeron barely emergent, male protibia and mesofemur spinose, posterior pronotal lobe with four rounded yellowish macula, unspined aedeagus with two vesical lobes and the gonoporal process enlarged distally. The male of Orthaea meloae Dellapé & Montemayor is described, and the male genitalia of O. meloae and O. alveusincola Harrington are also described and illustrated; O. consuta Dallas is recorded for the first time from Belize, O. meloae from Panama, and O. montana Dellapé & Montemayor from Bolivia. A cladistic analysis of the species of Orthaea Dallas is performed. One most parsimonious tree was obtained, with the following topology: (Myodocha serripes ((Heraeus triguttatus, Paisana brachialis) (oraea brasiliensis (O. consuta ((O. procincta, O. montana) (O. alveusincola, O. meloae)))))). Orthaea was recovered as monophyletic supported by seven synapomorphies.
Disruption of virus-host cell interactions and cell signaling pathways as an anti-viral approach against influenza virus infections
Authors: Ludwig Stephan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractInfluenza is still one of the major plagues worldwide with the threatening potential to cause pandemics. In recent years, increasing levels of resistance to the four FDA approved anti-influenza virus drugs have been described. This situation underlines the urgent need for novel anti-virals in preparation for future influenza epidemics or pandemics. Although the anti-virals currently in use target viral factors such as the neuraminidase or the M2 ion channel, there is an increase in pre-clinical approaches that focus on cellular factors or pathways that directly or indirectly interact with virus replication. This does not only include inhibitors of virus-supportive signaling cascades but also interaction blockers of viral proteins with host cell proteins. This review aims to highlight some of these novel approaches that represent a paradigm change in anti-viral strategies against the influenza virus. Although most of these approaches are still in an early phase of preclinical development they might be very promising particularly with respect to the prevention of viral resistance to potential drugs.
Application of a Suction Control System in the Method of Specimen Saturation in Triaxial Tests
Authors: Teng Fu-Chen , Ou Chang-Yu 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
A new soil suction control system was developed to saturate soils in triaxial tests. The suction control system was used to reduce the void ratio change during the saturation stage in triaxial tests and to preserve their small-strain behavior. A series of CK0UAC triaxial tests (K0 consolidation and undrained axial compression) on Taipei silty clay, saturated with and without suction control, are presented. The results are presented in terms of the stress-strain behavior during consolidation and undrained shearing. Bender element tests were also performed during the K0-consolidation stage. Results show that the new saturation method with suction control resulted in a better quality soil specimen than conventional saturation. Both the measured Young’s modulus and the shear modulus of the specimens saturated conventionally were underestimated by 20 % and 14 % compared with those saturated with suction control for the reconstituted soil. It is expected that such a difference would be much larger for soils sampled at greater depths. However, the proposed suction control system is not applicable to soil specimens with suctions greater than 100 kPa. The proposed approach would only be applicable for high air-entry value soils so that the suction does not cause desaturation in the soil specimen. Finally, two empirical equations are proposed to estimate the shear modulus of in-situ soils.
Tensile Testing of a Push-On Restrained Joint PVC Pipe
Authors: Fisher Craig , Quesada Guido 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Pipes installed using trenchless methods such as horizontal directional drilling (HDD) are subjected to tensile forces during installation. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe employing the Bulldog Restraint System (BRS) is being used for installation via HDD. Tensile tests were conducted for assemblies of PVC pipe 4 in. through 8 in. in diameter using BRS. The test specimens were subjected to constant displacement; load and strain were measured. The observations from and results of the tests are reported in this paper.
Influence of Surface Hardening Depth on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance of a Low Alloy Steel
Authors: Goulart-Santos S. , Mancosu R. D. , Godoy C. , Matthews A. , Leyland A. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
In this paper, the influence of surface hardening depth promoted by plasma nitriding and Cr–Al–N coating deposition on the cavitation erosion resistance of a low alloy steel was investigated. Samples that were plasma nitrided for 2 and 4 h were produced and coated with 1 and 2 μm Cr–Al–N coatings deposited by plasma assisted physical vapor deposition. The characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction (θ–2θ and glancing angle configurations), scanning electron microscopy, Rockwell C adhesion test, and three dimensional (3D) profilometry. Knoop microhardness tests were also performed. Cavitation erosion tests were carried out according to ASTM G32-03 Standard. The incubation period and cavitation erosion rate were determined. Coating deposition had a major influence on the incubation period, with thicker coatings resulting in longer times. Plasma nitriding treatment was more effective on reducing the average erosion rate. The plasma nitriding treatment and Cr–Al–N coating deposition in conjunction led to a decrease in both incubation period and erosion rate. The hardened systems presented mass loss up to 11 times lower than the nonhardened steel for the same time. It was concluded that the surface hardening was effective to improve the cavitation erosion resistance of a low alloy steel and the wear rate decreased with the increase of the hardening depth.
Development of a More Physiological Loading Protocol for Spine In Vitro Flexibility Testing
Authors: Niosi Christina A. , Thompson Rosemary E. , Froehlich Markus 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
With motion preserving systems, whose behavior is dependent on the loading applied, it is becoming more important to produce a loading environment that better simulates the situation in vivo. Several studies show that the spine experiences high compressive loads that change as a function of position. The purpose of this study was to apply a high compressive dynamic follower load and determine the moment required to produce a physiological range of motion in vitro. Six human specimens (L2-L3) were subjected to a pure moment, in combination with a high compressive dynamic follower load. Appropriate compressive loads were obtained from literature based on in vivo intradiscal pressure measurements. The moments necessary to produce pre-defined angles of rotation in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation (in vivo literature values) were recorded. The follower load was attached laterally in flexion-extension and axial rotation and anterior-posteriorly in lateral bending. Tests were also conducted using two traditional loading protocols for comparison: ±10 Nm (no follower load); and ±10 Nm with a 600 N constant follower load, in terms of range of motion (ROM), helical axis of motion (HAM), and flexibility coefficients.The new loading protocol resulting from this study consisted of a compressive follower load of 800 N in the neutral position, a flexion moment of 35 Nm combined with a maximum compressive follower load of 2000 N, an extension moment of 10 Nm combined with 900 N, a moment of ±15 Nm in lateral bending with 1100 N, and a moment of ±20 Nm in axial rotation with 1250 N. The anterior-posterior follower load fixation in lateral bending allowed more unrestrained movement. The moments necessary to produce physiological motion under a dynamic compressive follower load are higher than what is currently used and are comparable to calculated in vivo moments.
Moisture Susceptibility of Polymerized Stone Matrix Asphalt Mixtures using Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies using Moist Aggregates
Authors: Shivaprasad Punith V. , Xiao Feipeng , Amirkhanian Serji N. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The present study is focused on evaluating the moisture susceptibility of polymerized stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixtures using moist aggregates and three different warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives. Indirect tensile strength (ITS), tensile strength ratio (TSR), deformation, and toughness were performed to determine the moisture sensitivity of these mixtures. The experimental design included two aggregate moisture contents (0% and ∼0.5% by weight of dry mass of the aggregate), three sources of aggregates (A, B, and C) and three WMA additives (Asphamin, Sasobit, and Evotherm) along with control mixture, and four different types of binders (i.e., PG 64-22 + 10% crumb rubber (−40 mesh CR), PG 64-22 + 15% CR, PG 64-22 + 20% CR, and PG 76-22 with fibers) were used in this study. In total, 384 samples were utilized for the ITS testing in this study. Test results indicated that even though by using 2% hydrated lime as an anti-stripping agent, 32% of the mixtures failed to meet the TSR requirement of 85% as per SCDOT specifications. Mixtures with PG 76-22 + fibers showed improved wet ITS values compared to rubberized SMA mixtures as using moist aggregates. No significant differences in the wet deformation values were observed for mixtures using WMA additives using moist aggregates. Mixtures with 15% CR content showed improved resistance to the percent toughness loss under a warm water bath treatment. Test results indicated that recycled rubberized asphalt binder can be effectively used to improve resistance to moisture-induced damage of SMA mixtures as using WMA technology.
Creep Fatigue Behavior of Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels
Authors: Parker Jonathan 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Creep Fatigue knowledge is necessary for meaningful reliability assessment of existing power generating plant because cyclic operation of an aging power plant fleet requires better understanding of factors affecting damage initiation and propagation, as well as technologies and methods to predict damage accumulation for individual components and overall safe/economic life. Utilities typically adopt operating practices which involve more severe cycles, either in terms of number or magnitude or both, so that there is, and will continue to be, a requirement to assess the creep fatigue performance of traditional boiler and turbine components. The recent installation of large numbers of combustion turbines and the associated heat recovery steam generators has significantly increased the number of materials and components which are operating under cyclic conditions at high temperatures. Indeed, the materials and component types susceptible to creep-fatigue is increasing since much of the new high efficiency coal plant will be operating with steam/metal temperatures much higher than those of traditional plant. Recent expert review has reemphasized that with most practical scenarios regarding future generation mix, fossil plant will continue to be important. Thus, there is the expectation that creep-fatigue damage will increase in occurrence, and affect an increased range of components. Different challenges will be faced since the new components will involve a greater range of alloys, methods of manufacture, and types of operation than conventional fossil generating stations. It is therefore apparent that operation under cyclic conditions at temperatures where creep can occur the potential for creep/fatigue damage is, and will continue to be, a matter of significant concern. The present paper considers specific challenges associated with creep/fatigue in creep strength enhanced ferritic steels such as Grade 91 and Grade 92.
Presurgical Orthopedics Has No Effect on Archform in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Adali Nazan , Mars Michael , Petrie Aviva , Noar Joe , Sommerlad Brian 
Published: August 2011

Objective Evaluation of the effect of presurgical orthopedics on maxillary archform up to 6 months of age. Design Retrospective, single-blinded, case-control study. Participants Study model sets of 75 infants with consecutive, nonsyndromic, complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (excluding Simonart bands) from 1995 to 2005. Interventions All patients (PSO group, n = 14; non-PSO group, n = 61) received lip repair/vomer flap at 3 months and soft palate repair at 6 months by the same consultant surgeon. The two groups were comparable at birth ( p > .01) in all archform variables. Main Outcome Measures Sixteen variables were computed, following single-blinded analysis using the Reflex Microscope to describe the archform in the transverse, anteroposterior, and vertical dimensions and the arch circumference. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures hierarchical analysis of variance with a significance level of 1%. Results Repeatability studies showed good measurement precision. Presurgical orthopedics produced no statistically significant mean change in any archform variable when compared with the non-PSO group. The difference in the mean reduction in the alveolar cleft width between the groups was 0.69 mm (95% confidence interval, −0.89 to 2.28 mm, p = .52). Lip repair produced greater change in archform than did presurgical orthopedics, reducing the mean alveolar cleft width by 4.45 mm (95% confidence interval, 3.53 to 5.37 mm; p < .001). Conclusions There was no evidence that presurgical orthopedics produced any significant effect on archform, raising questions for its continued use in this context. Lip repair had a greater impact on arch dimensions than did presurgical orthopedics.
The effect of breed, sex and aging time on tenderness of beef meat
Authors: Hanzelková Šárka , Simeonovová Jana , Hampel David , Dufek Aleš , Šubrt Jan 
Published: August 2011

Our study was conducted to determine the effect of production factors (breed, sex) and aging time on the textural properties of beef using instrumental measurement of tenderness. Meat was obtained from Galloway, Simmental, Charolais, Czech Fleckvieh breeds and their crossbreeds. Meat was either unaged or aged for 14, 28 or 42 days. The tenderness was characterized by Warner-Bratzler test and compression test using Tira-test device. The cooking loss of meat juice was also evaluated. Analysis of variance at 5% significance level showed that tenderness was influenced by all tested factors (breed, sex, aging time). The shear force decreased with aging of meat. The correlation between shear force and compression test was 0.257 (p ≤ 0.001). The differences in tenderness were found among breeds. The highest initial shear force was measured in Simmental (151.98 N). Compression test showed better tenderness in Czech Fleckvieh and Galloway than in Simmental, Charolais and crossbreeds. Meat from bulls was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) less tender than from heifers. There was a significant (p ≤ 0.001) increase of cooking loss of meat juice during aging from 25.3% after slaughter to 34.0% after aging period. The research results could be useful for determination whether specific cattle breeds can produce tender meat with good aging patterns. According to findings of the current study it is especially necessary to emphasize that factor of aging time exceeded the influence of breed and sex on tenderness. The study also suggests extending of aging period to 6 week to assure tenderness of beef.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Chronic Total Occlusion - In Hospital Outcome
Authors: Kar N , Ullah M , Karmakar PK , Islam AEM Mazharul , Reza AQM , Rahman S 
Published: August 2011

Background- Although a total coronary occlusion is identified approximately in one third of the diagnostic cardiac catheterizations, still an attempted revascularization of total occlusion accounts for less than 8% of all percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) of chronic total occlusion (CTO) is one of the major challenges in interventional cardiology. It is now an well-accepted revascularization procedure. Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, from July 2004 to June 2005. 50 consecutive patients with chronic total occlusion undergoing PCI were included in the study. Patients were observed during procedure and during the hospital stay. Result: The mean age of the patients was 46.7 ± 9.3 and 48.0% were in the age range of 45-54 years. 24 patients had post MI angina, 20 patients had chronic stable angina and 6 patients had unstable angina. Technical success was in 98% cases and procedural success was in 94% cases. One patient developed vessel perforation and was treated by prolonged balloon inflation. There was no death or STEMI and only 2 patients developed NSTEMI. Conclusion: In our study with the use of available facilities PCI in CTOs was possible with a high success rate. But dealing of more complicated lesion will require more improved technology and hardware. A study with larger number of patients and longer duration of follow up to determine the efficacy of the procedure in improving morbidity and mortality is needed. Keywords : Chronic total occlusion; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; In hospital outcome DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i2.8122 Cardiovasc. j. 2009; 1(2) : 156-160