bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Oklahoma City Micronet
Authors: Basara Jeffrey B. , Illston Bradley G. , Fiebrich Christopher A. , Browder Phillip D. , Morgan Cynthia R. , McCombs Alexandria , Bostic Jared P. , McPherson Renee A. , Schroeder Amanda J. , Crawford Kenneth C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Oklahoma City Micronet (OKCNET) is an operational surface observing network designed to improve atmospheric monitoring across the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, metropolitan area. The 40 station network consists of 4 Oklahoma Mesonet stations and 36 micronet stations mounted on traffic signals at an average station spacing of approximately 3 km. Using several technical innovations as well as existing infrastructure in Oklahoma City, data are collected and quality assured in near real‐time at an interval of 1 min for the traffic signal sites and 5 min for the Mesonet sites. Because OKCNET also spans a land use gradient from rural to urban, the spatial and temporal densities of OKCNET observations have shed new insights on atmospheric processes (e.g. the urban heat island, severe thunderstorm evolution) across the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Midurethral sling procedures for stress urinary incontinence in women over 80 years
Authors: Stav Kobi , Dwyer Peter L. , Rosamilia Anna , Schierlitz Lore , Lim Yik N. , Lee Joseph 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAimsTo compare the safety and efficacy of midurethral sling surgery for management of urinary stress incontinence in women over 80 years versus younger women.Methods1225 consecutive women with urodynamic stress incontinence had a synthetic midurethral sling (955 retropubic, 270 transobturator) at our institution between 1999 and 2007. Ninety one percent (n = 1112) of the patients were interviewed via phone call with a structured questionnaire and were included in the analysis. The mean follow‐up was 50 ± 24 months (range 12–114). Comparison between elderly (≥80 years, n = 96) and younger patients (<80 years, n = 1016) was performed.ResultsThe overall subjective cure rate was 85% (elderly 81%, younger 85%,  = 0.32). There was no significant difference in cure rate between retropubic and transobturator sling in the elderly group (82% vs. 79.3%, P = 0.75). The bladder perforation rate was similar between the two groups (3%). The hospitalization time was significantly longer in the elderly (1.6 ± 1.7 days vs. 0.7 ± 1.1 days, P<0.001). However, major perioperative complications were uncommon (1%). Of the patients who had an isolated sling procedure, 37% of the elderly and 9% of the young patients failed their 1st trial of void (P < 0.001). However, the long‐term rate of voiding difficulty was similar between the two groups (elderly 8% vs. young 6%, P = 0.21). The rate of de novo urge incontinence was similar between the two groups (7%).ConclusionRetropubic and transobturator slings in women older than 80 years are effective and safe but are associated with an increased risk of transient postoperative voiding difficulty. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1262–1266, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diabetic cystopathy is associated with PARP/JNK/ mitochondrial apoptotic pathway‐mediated bladder apoptosis
Authors: Li Wen Ji , Oh Seung‐June 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAimsDiabetic cystopathy, a common complication of diabetes, is frequently associated with an increase in oxidative stress and apoptosis of the bladder. Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) is activated under such conditions of oxidative stress, and plays a critical role in cell apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the activation of PARP and subsequent activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway are involved in the development of diabetic cystopathy.MethodsBladder function was assessed in a streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rat model with or without 3‐aminobenzamide treatment, a PARP inhibitor. The degree of bladder apoptosis, expression of poly(ADP‐ribose) (PAR) in the bladder, phosphorylated JNK, the levels of Bcl‐2 and Bax, caspase 3 activity and nuclear translocation of the apoptotic inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria were investigated.ResultsBladder dysfunction was significantly associated with an increase of bladder apoptosis, and a reduction of the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio. In addition, the amount of PAR, phosphorylated JNK, caspase 3 activity, and nuclear translocation of AIF were significantly increased in the diabetic rats. Inhibition of PARP significantly suppressed activation of PARP, JNK and restored the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio. Activation of caspase 3 and nuclear translocation of AIF were also significantly reduced by PARP inhibition. As a result, the bladder apoptosis was attenuated and the bladder function improved.ConclusionsThese results indicate that bladder apoptosis is involved in diabetic cystopathy via activation of the PARP/JNK/mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. These findings may be used to develop novel therapies for patients with diabetic bladder dysfunction. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1332–1337, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selection of a control rat for conscious spontaneous hypertensive rats in studies of detrusor overactivity on the basis of measurement of intra‐abdominal pressures
Authors: Jin Long‐Hu , Andersson Karl‐Erik , Kwon Yong‐Hyun , Yoon Sang‐Min , Lee Tack 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAimsWe investigated which animal model is appropriate as a control for the spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) in studies of detrusor overactivity (DO).MethodsAge‐matched SHRs (n = 10), Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats (n = 9), Wistar‐ST (Wistar) rats (n = 10), and Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (n = 10) were studied. A balloon‐fitted catheter was positioned in the abdominal cavity to record intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP). Cystometric pressure‐ and volume‐related parameters and DO‐related ones during the filling phase were investigated. Of the intravesical pressure (IVP) rises above 2 cmH2O, DO was defined as a rise in IVP without a simultaneous change in IAP and was counted during the filling phase.ResultsCompared with SHRs, the WKY rats did not show a significant difference in pressure or volume parameters, but Wistar rats and SD rats showed a significant increase in volume parameters, such as bladder capacity, micturition volume, and micturition interval. Typical DO was seen in SHRs and WKY rats during the filling phase, but not in Wistar and SD rats. Furthermore, the frequency and increased amplitude of the DO were similar in WKY rats and SHRs.ConclusionAlthough WKY rats are an appropriate control for SHRs in studies of hypertension, they may be inappropriate as controls in studies of DO, because they have inherent DO of similar frequency and amplitude as found in SHRs. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1338–1343, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of phenazopyridine on rat bladder primary afferent activity, and comparison with lidocaine and acetaminophen
Authors: Aizawa Naoki , Wyndaele Jean‐Jacques 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAimsThe clinical indication of phenazopyridine is unclear, it has been used clinically in conditions with increased bladder sensation as in cystitis and bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. We explored the effect of phenazopyridine on afferent nerve activity by direct measurement of both Aδ‐ and C‐fibers in the rat, and compared the outcome with the effects of lidocaine (a local anesthetic) and of acetaminophen (an analgesic).MethodsFemale Sprague–Dawley rats were used. Under urethane anesthesia, single nerve fibers primarily originating from the bladder were identified in the L6 dorsal root by electrical stimulation of the left pelvic nerve and by bladder distention. By conduction velocity (2.5 m/sec) the fibers were defined as Aδ‐fiber or C‐fiber. The afferent activity in response to constant bladder filling was measured before the drug administration. Then, phenazopyridine (0.1–3 mg/kg) or lidocaine (0.3–3 mg/kg) or acetaminophen (1–10 mg/kg) was administrated intravenously. After drug administration, the afferent activity of bladder fillings was measured again.ResultsAll drugs significantly increased bladder compliance, in a dose‐dependent way. Twenty‐eight single afferent fibers (Aδ‐fibers: n = 13, C‐fibers: n = 15) were isolated. Intravenous administration of phenazopyridine significantly decreased dose‐dependently only the Aδ‐fiber but not the C‐fiber activity. Also acetaminophen significantly decreased only Aδ‐fiber activity, but it was not dose‐dependently completely. Lidocaine inhibited both the Aδ‐ and C‐fiber activities.ConclusionsThis study shows that phenazopyridine can directly inhibit the mechanosensitive Aδ‐fibers in the normal rat bladder. This finding might explain its clinical effect in conditions of bladder hypersensitivity. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1445–1450, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can be sphincter electromyography reference values shared between laboratories?
Authors: Podnar Simon , Gregory W. Thomas 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAimsSphincter electromyography (EMG) is an important method in diagnosis of neuropathic sacral lesions. Quantitative EMG analysis increases utility of the test, but requires valid reference values. Although commonly employed, validity of sharing reference data between electrodiagnostic laboratories has not been confirmed. In this study, this approach was assessed by comparing the reproducibility of data sets obtained by the same and different laboratories.MethodsConfidence intervals and sensitivity of motor unit potential (MUP) parameters in the external anal sphincter (EAS) muscles were calculated using data obtained from three different control groups of women (number of women: 41, 48, and 66), examined by the same (the first two groups) and another investigator (the third group). Sensitivities to diagnose neuropathic changes in a known patient group were compared.ResultsWhen compared to the first reference group, the MUP parameter means of 2/7 (same investigator) versus 3/7 (different investigator) were significantly different. Similarly, 3/14 versus 4/14 MUP parameter outliers were different. Finally, 6/14 versus 7/14 sensitivities (using a combination of MUP parameter means and outliers) were different.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated somewhat larger differences between confidence intervals obtained by different investigators, as compared to those obtained by a single investigator. However, most of these differences can be explained by differences in recruited groups of women, and slight inconsistencies in applied techniques. Presented data suggest that confidence intervals from other laboratories can be used, but only if exact protocols from original normative studies are strictly followed. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1387–1392, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Agreement between patients' self‐report and physicians' prescriptions on cardiovascular drug exposure: the PGRx database experience
Authors: Lamiae Grimaldi‐Bensouda , Michel Rossignol , Elodie Aubrun , Nabil El Kerri , Jacques Benichou , Lucien Abenhaim 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPurposePatients' self‐reported drug exposure is subjected to memory errors and different sources of bias. Utilization of prescription records is impaired with non‐compliance and over‐the‐counter (OTC) drug utilization. This study compared patients' self‐report (PS) to physician's prescriptions of cardiovascular drugs (CVDs).MethodsThe PGRx database is constituted by networks of specialized centers that recruited cases of 15 different diseases including myocardial infarction (MI) cases, and a network of general practitioners recruiting a pool of potential referents. For MI cases and referents, data on all drug utilization within the 2 years preceding the index date were obtained from PS and from physician's report of their prescriptions (PP). Patients' reports were obtained using a structured telephone interview complemented with an interview guide containing names of diseases and pictures of drug packages. Comparisons were made on exposure to each class of CVDs, for different time‐windows, 2 months, 3–12 months and 13–24 months prior to the index date.ResultsThe concordance between physician and patient report was assessed on 2702 patient–physician pairs. Agreement was excellent overall (κ = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81–0.85). Prevalences of exposure were very close between PS and PP for all classes of prescription CVDs.ConclusionUsing a standardized and systematic collection of information on drug exposure directly from patients appeared to provide similar information to using physician prescription records over a 2‐year recall period. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐resolution animal PET imaging of prostate cancer xenografts with three different 64Cu‐labeled antibodies against native cell‐adherent PSMA
Authors: Alt Karen , Wiehr Stefan , Ehrlichmann Walter , Reischl Gerald , Wolf Philipp , Pichler Bernd J. , Elsässer‐Beile Ursula , Bühler Patrick 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed by virtually all prostate cancers and represents an ideal target for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This article compares the in vivo behavior and tumor uptake of three different radiolabeled anti‐PSMA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and corresponding F(ab)2 and Fab fragments thereof.METHODSThe mAbs 3/A12, 3/F11, and 3/E7 and fragments of 3/A12 were conjugated with the chelating agent DOTA and radiolabeled with 64Cu. For the microPET imaging studies, SCID mice bearing PSMA‐positive C4‐2 and PSMA‐negative DU 145 prostate cancer xenografts were used. Each animal received 20–30 µg radiolabeled mAb or fragment corresponding to an activity of 8–14 MBq. Imaging was performed 3, 24, and 48 hr post‐injection. After the last scan, mice were sacrificed and tracer in vivo biodistribution was measured by gamma‐counting.RESULTSStatic microPET images of mice with PSMA‐positive tumors revealed a high uptake of the mAbs in the C4‐2 tumors at 24 and 48 hr after tracer injection and only a minimal distribution in the DU 145 tumors and other organs. In contrast, the F(ab)2 and Fab fragments of 3/A12 were detected at a high extend in the kidney but not in the C4‐2 tumors. These results were confirmed by gamma counting of dissected organs after the final imaging.CONCLUSIONSDue to the high and specific uptake of the 64Cu‐labeled mAbs in PSMA‐positive tumors, these antibodies represent excellent tools for prostate cancer imaging. Prostate 70: 1413–1421, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fitting Emax models to clinical trial dose–response data
Authors: Kirby Simon , Brain Phil , Jones Byron 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe consider fitting Emax models to the primary endpoint for a parallel group dose–response clinical trial. Such models can be difficult to fit using Maximum Likelihood if the data give little information about the maximum possible response. Consequently, we consider alternative models that can be derived as limiting cases, which can usually be fitted. Furthermore we propose two model selection procedures for choosing between the different models. These model selection procedures are compared with two model selection procedures which have previously been used. In a simulation study we find that the model selection procedure that performs best depends on the underlying true situation. One of the new model selection procedures gives what may be regarded as the most robust of the procedures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fishway passage and post‐passage mortality of up‐river migrating sockeye salmon in the Seton River, British Columbia
Authors: Roscoe D. W. , Hinch S. G. , Cooke S. J. , Patterson D. A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAdult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were studied to assess the consequences of a dam and vertical‐slot fishway on mortality during their spawning migration in the Seton–Anderson watershed, British Columbia, Canada. Since previous research suggests fishway passage may be difficult, our main hypothesis was that the dam and fishway have post‐passage consequences that affect subsequent behaviour and survival. Eighty‐seven sockeye were caught at the top of the fishway, implanted with an acoustic telemetry transmitter, non‐lethally biopsied to obtain a small blood sample and released either upstream or downstream of the dam. Indices of physiological stress (i.e. plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate and ions) indicated that fish were not stressed or exhausted after capture from the fishway, and were not unduly stressed by transportation to release sites or net‐pen holding. Of 59 fish released downstream of the dam, 14% did not reach the dam tailrace. Overall passage efficiency at the fishway was 80%. Mortality in two lakes upstream of the dam was greater in fish released downstream of the dam (27%) compared to fish released upstream of the dam (7%; p = 0.04) suggesting that dam passage has consequences that reduce subsequent survival. Cumulative mortality of fish released downstream of the dam (n = 55) resulted in only 49% survival to spawning areas, compared to 93% of fish released upstream of the dam (n = 28). Survival was significantly lower for females (40%) than for males (71%; p = 0.03), a finding that has implications for conservation because spawning success of sockeye salmon populations is governed primarily by females. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sparse random graphs with clustering
Authors: Bollobás Béla , Janson Svante , Riordan Oliver 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn 2007, we introduced a general model of sparse random graphs with (conditional) independence between the edges. The aim of this article is to present an extension of this model in which the edges are far from independent, and to prove several results about this extension. The basic idea is to construct the random graph by adding not only edges but also other small graphs. In other words, we first construct an inhomogeneous random hypergraph with (conditionally) independent hyperedges, and then replace each hyperedge by a (perhaps complete) graph. Although flexible enough to produce graphs with significant dependence between edges, this model is nonetheless mathematically tractable. Indeed, we find the critical point where a giant component emerges in full generality, in terms of the norm of a certain integral operator, and relate the size of the giant component to the survival probability of a certain (non‐Poisson) multi‐type branching process. While our main focus is the phase transition, we also study the degree distribution and the numbers of small subgraphs. We illustrate the model with a simple special case that produces graphs with power‐law degree sequences with a wide range of degree exponents and clustering coefficients. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 38, 269–323, 2011
Applying tribology to teeth of hoofed mammals
Authors: Schulz Ellen , Calandra Ivan , Kaiser Thomas M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMammals inhabit all types of environments and have evolved chewing systems capable of processing a huge variety of structurally diverse food components. Surface textures of cheek teeth should thus reflect the mechanisms of wear as well as the functional traits involved. We employed surface textures parameters from ISO/DIS 25178 and scale‐sensitive fractal analysis (SSFA) to quantify dental wear in herbivorous mammals at the level of an individual wear enamel facet. We evaluated cheek dentitions of two grazing ungulates: the Blue Wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and the Grevy's Zebra (Equus grevyi). Both inhabit the east African grassland savanna habitat, but they belong to fundamentally different taxonomic units. We tested the hypothesis that the foregut fermenting wildebeest and the hindgut fermenting zebra show functional traits in their dentitions that relate to their specific mode of food‐composition processing and digestion. In general, surface texture parameters from SSFA as well as ISO/DIS 25178 indicated that individual enamel ridges acting as crushing blades and individual wear facets of upper cheek teeth are significantly different in surface textures in the zebra when compared with the wildebeest. We interpreted the complexity and anisotropy signals to be clearly related to the brittle, dry grass component in the diet of the zebra, unlike the wildebeest, which ingests a more heterogeneous diet including fresh grass and herbs. Thus, SSFA and ISO parameters allow distinctions within the subtle dietary strategies that evolved in herbivorous ungulates with fundamentally different systematic affinities but which exploit a similar dietary niche. SCANNING 32: 162–182, 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Inducible Caspase 9 Suicide Gene to Improve the Safety of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapies
Authors: Ramos Carlos Almeida , Asgari Zahra , Liu Enli , Yvon Eric , Heslop Helen E. , Rooney Clio M. , Brenner Malcolm K. , Dotti Gianpietro 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been infused in hundreds of patients to date, with minimal reported side effects. However, follow-up is limited and long-term side effects are unknown. Because several animal models have raised safety concerns, we sought to develop a system allowing control over the growth and survival of MSCs used therapeutically. We have previously described a suicide system based on an inducible caspase-9 (iCasp9) protein that is activated using a specific chemical inducer of dimerization (CID), analogs of which have been safely tested in a phase I study. Here, we show that MSCs can be easily transduced with this system and selected to high purity (greater than 97%) with clinical grade immunomagnetic procedures. The transduced cells maintain their basic physiology, including expression of surface antigens (such as positivity for CD73, CD90, and CD105, and negativity for hematopoietic markers) and their potential to differentiate into diverse connective tissue lineages (adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondroblasts). Those cells and their differentiated progeny can be selectively eliminated in vitro or in vivo within 24 hours after exposure to pharmacological levels of CID, with evidence of apoptosis in more than 95% of iCasp9-positive cells. In conclusion, we have developed directed MSC killing to provide a necessary safety mechanism for therapies using progenitor cells. We believe that this approach will become of increasing value as clinical applications for MSCs develop further.
The mental representation of bilingualism
Authors: Riehl Claudia Maria 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article addresses the question of how different languages are represented in our memory and how bilingual speakers access these languages in language production. The first section discusses diverse approaches to language storage. It introduces a model that considers connections between different levels of language representation, i.e., conceptual and lexical features, morpho‐syntactic information, and phonological patterns. The second section is concerned with access to different languages: the focus here is on language production and models of interactive activation. The next section focuses on control mechanisms that are capable of inhibiting one language while the other is spoken. These theoretical assumptions are illustrated by authentic speech production data that provide insights into the cognitive workings of bilingual speakers. Finally, differences in mental representation due to age of acquisition or language proficiency are discussed and explained by dissimilarities in memory types and neural processes of knowledge activation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain