bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Canker Disease of Crabapple Trees Caused by Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis in Washington State
Authors: Xiao C. L. , Kim Y. K. , Boal R. J. 
Published: June 2009

This is the first report of this fungus causing cankers and twig dieback on crabapple trees. Our findings indicate that canker symptoms on crabapple trees caused by P. washingtonensis are similar to those caused by S. pyriputrescens and that infected crabapple trees may serve as a source of P. washington ensis inoculum for infection of apple. Accepted for publication 23 April 2009. Published 12 June 2009.
Evaluation of Selected Genotypes of Soybean for Resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi
Authors: Li S. , Young L. D. 
Published: June 2009

Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd., is one of the most destructive diseases of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] worldwide. To identify sources of resistance to domestic soybean rust fungus populations for plant breeding, our strategy has been to evaluate soybean lines that were previously identified as resistant to foreign isolates. In this study, two sets of plant introductions (PI) were evaluated using P. pachyrhizi urediniospores collected in Mississippi in 2006. The first set of PIs contained 10 lines previously identified as resistant in Paraguay, four PIs with known single genes for resistance to P. pachyrhizi, and Freedom and Williams 82 as susceptible checks. The second set included 17 lines that were selected based on information from Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) and susceptible Williams 82. PI567102B was one of the most resistant lines to a Mississippi bulk isolate of P. pachyrhizi with the lowest severity rating, no sporulation, and red-brown lesion type. Accepted for publication 25 April 2009. Published 15 June 2009.
The Mechanism of Iron Homeostasis in the Unicellular Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Its Relationship to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Shcolnick Sigal , Summerfield Tina C. , Reytman Lilia , Sherman Louis A. , Keren Nir 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate the connection between intracellular iron storage and oxidative stress response in cyanobacteria. Iron is essential for the survival of all organisms. However, the redox properties that make iron a valuable cofactor also lead to oxidative interactions, resulting in the formation of harmful radicals. Therefore, iron accumulation in cells should be tightly regulated, a process in which ferritin family proteins play an important role. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 contains two ferritin-type storage complexes, bacterioferritin and MrgA. Previous studies demonstrated the role of bacterioferritin and MrgA in iron storage. In addition, MrgA was found to play a key role in oxidative stress response. Here, we examined the dual role of the ferritin family proteins using physiological and transcriptomic approaches. Microarray analysis of iron-limited wild-type and ΔmrgA cultures revealed a substantial up-regulation of oxidative stress-related genes in mutant cells. The PerR regulator was found to play an important role in that process. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate the connection between internal iron quota, the presence of the two storage complexes, and the sensitivity to externally applied oxidative stress. These data suggest a pivotal role for the ferritin-type proteins of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in coordinating iron homeostasis and in oxidative stress response. The combined action of the two complexes allows for the safe accumulation and release of iron from storage by minimizing damage resulting from interactions between reduced iron and the oxygen radicals that are produced in abundance by the photosynthetic apparatus.
Motives for accepting temporary employment: a typology
Authors: de Jong Jeroen , De Cuyper Nele , De Witte Hans , Silla Inmaculada , Bernhard‐Oettel Claudia 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to offer a typology of temporary workers, based on their motives for accepting their work arrangement, which includes voluntary, involuntary and stepping‐stone motives, and relate this typology to various individual and work‐related variables.Design/methodology/approachLatent class analysis of 645 European workers was used to construct a typology of temporary workers. Variation of individual and work‐related variables between types of temporary workers was analyzed using ANOVA.FindingsThe analyses suggest that there are three types of workers: involuntary temporary workers highlight the involuntary motive and the stepping‐stone motive; the stepping‐stone type stresses the stepping‐stone motive only, and the non‐involuntary group disagrees with all three motives. Moreover, the groups differed significantly on important work‐related variables such as occupational position, tenure, employability, and work‐involvement. However, differences in individual variables were limited.Research limitations/implicationsThe research puts forward a more complex typology of temporary workers than is usually suggested. Moreover, the study shows a non‐involuntary group for which temporary employment can become a trap, and hence these workers should be targeted by future policy and interventions.Originality/valueThe research offers a typology of temporary workers, which is founded on motivation theory, and existing research on motives for accepting temporary employment.
The future of business education
Authors: Banister Nigel 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the future of business education, and in particular the MBA programs, in the current economic recession.Design/methodology/approachThis viewpoint looks at MBA programs and the role they play in today's turbulent economic climate.FindingsThe paper discusses the many different MBA programs at Manchester Business School, and the importance of business schools and their research.Originality/valueBusiness schools can play an important role in terms of developing the models and the knowledge that can help executives better understand how the new economy evolves, how one can build up more sustainable financial structures and leadership styles, and be part of it. When the world changes dramatically as it does at the moment, innovative thinking may be needed, either to create new models or reaffirm forgotten ones. That is when businesses perceive the greatest benefits of academic advice. Business schools will be part of this equation, through teaching on their MBA courses and through their research.
Product data management practices in high‐tech companies
Authors: Kropsu‐Vehkapera Hanna , Haapasalo Harri , Harkonen Janne , Silvola Risto 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide tangible examples of product data management (PDM) practices in large high‐tech companies, and to highlight current challenges.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a qualitative interview study. First, a PDM system frame was defined to aid analyses. Second, an interview study was carried out in four companies to clarify the practical realisation of PDM, and the current challenges. The interviewees are experts in the field of PDM, currently holding significant related posts in their companies.FindingsOverall, PDM activities are similar in all companies, however, there is some diversity in the realisation of these practices. PDM related challenges identified in this study are various, strongly influenced by company background and current organisational state.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper includes interviews in four companies with different backgrounds, and a workshop, providing a good view on topical issues in the field of PDM. The obtained results could vary to some degree, should the sample size be larger, or especially should the products of the studied companies be less complex.Practical implicationsThis paper provides managers and PDM system developers' with a better understanding over the issues that are affecting PDM solution development and on major system requirements, together with relevant insight on current challenges.Originality/valueThe existing literature is relatively scarce in describing the practicalities of PDM. The obtained results highlight the significance of company background influencing the selection of PDM solutions.
Analyzing financing strategy of public manufacturing companies
Authors: Shih Kuang‐Hsun , Fan Kang‐Chi 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThis paper focuses on Taiwanese‐funded manufacturing companies operating in mainland China to analyze the factors affecting funding decision‐making before and after initial public offering (IPO).Design/methodology/approachThis research investigates the impact and usefulness of various paths in the data system by using the structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine how the overall economy aspect and the basic aspect before IPO affect the initial returns (IRs) during the IPO and the debt ratio (DR) volatility after listing.FindingsThe results show that the IR, percent change of stock index, and exchange rate volatility before IPO are negative associated with the DR after IPO. The age of IPO companies is positive associated with the DR after IPO. This research also finds that the interest rate volatility before and after IPO have no direct effect upon companies' financial strategies after IPO, but may indirectly affect companies' financial strategies after IPO through the IRs, which conform with the market information feedback hypothesis proposed by van Bommel and Vermaelen.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper investigates Taiwanese‐funded traditional manufacturing companies in mainland China. The paper obtains the sample from the Taiwan Stock Exchange from 1990 to 2005; electronic companies and samples lacking complete data are eliminated. Finally, the sample consists of 122 companies from traditional manufacturing sectors. The results may be applied to companies not from high‐tech sectors and emerging markets only. The incentive of debt financing would be lower for IPO companies with high IRs, percentage changes of stock index, and exchange rate fluctuation before listing. The paper suggests further research can investigate IRs for establishing an optimal capital structure to minimize financing costs and appreciate company value when choosing financing strategies. The new pubic companies will infer the IR and future capital structure through market interest before listing. It suggests future research may be directed at companies from financial and high‐tech sectors, and may apply the methodologies to developed economies.Practical implicationsIt is suggested that IPO companies may closely examine to determine the performance of stock market, tendencies of exchange rate movement, as well as IRs in order to establish an optimal capital structure to minimize financing costs and appreciate company value. Besides, the new pubic companies will infer the IR and future capital structure through market interests before listing.Originality/valueThis research implicated that IPO companies should fully understand the stock market circumstance and exchange rate volatility tendencies. Then, the new pubic offering companies will be able to infer the IR and future capital structure through market interest to judge relative financing costs of manufacturing companies.
Cultural repercussions
Authors: Ellemose Gulev Rune 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThis pilot study complements the ongoing culture‐management behaviour discourse by systematically investigating two novel dimensions through which culture can be measured and compared between four European Union (EU) countries. The purpose of this paper is to examine to what extent these cultural dimensions influence management behaviour in different countries.Design/methodology/approachThe results pertaining to the cultural dimensions “Authority driven” and “Capitalistic driven” are derived from European values study data sets. The results pertaining to variances in management behaviour are derived from an empirical questionnaire‐based study. Spearman rank correlation fitted with confidence intervals yield several significant correlations which are discussed.FindingsThe results, based on country specific samples from Slovenia, Germany, Austria and Denmark, confirm that there exists considerable differences in cultural manifestations between the four countries and that these differences have an impact on management behaviour. Most notably, a strong positive correlation was found between the comparatively highly authoritative cultures of Slovenia and Germany to thwart decentralization. Further evidence was found that the highly subordinate driven cultures of Denmark and Austria tend to have a predilection towards two‐way vertical knowledge flows. Mixed results were found on capitalistic driven cultures' impact on control mechanisms and use of motivational factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe results are limited to companies within the manufacturing industry of the four focus countries. It is, however, highly probable that the results lend themselves to companies in other countries with similar cultural manifestations, albeit this remains to be empirically proven.Practical implicationsThe results provide a deeper understanding of why and how management models continue to differ throughout Europe. Managers as well as academics benefit from this discussion.Originality/valueThe cultural dimensions are innovative, and specifically designed to probe culture differences between elder EU countries and a transition economy. This digression from mainstream cultural manifestations provides a refreshing perspective on management implications and rejuvenates the culture debate.
Electronic information transfer in a transport chain
Authors: Inkinen Tommi , Tapaninen Ulla , Pulli Hennariina 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess electronic information transfer in logistics organizations. The paper approaches information transfer as an elemental component of contemporary business to business (B2B) processes.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical material concerns companies that together comprise a logistical chain. The paper uses interview data to show information exchange patterns within one particular logistics chain. The interviews were designed according to current topics in information management literature and analyzed with content analysis.FindingsThe results show the need to enhance information distribution in B2B operations. In addition, business to government operations rely, to a large extent, on a combination of paper and electronic information distribution. The government interface should also be recognized: customs and information exchange is a major time consumer in international transport.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical analysis of a logistic chain is not an easy task. This is due to the confidential nature of the business information that has to be acquired. Companies do not want to reveal too many details regarding their B2B relations: the interviewed companies gave information on data exchange on a general level only. For example, the goal of determining information content was affected by the reluctance of companies to discuss their business processes.Originality/valueThree main components to a large extent determine the success of information and communication technologies implementation in the logistics business process. These are: reliability and interoperability that are achieved through standardization. This paper exemplifies these difficulties with empirical data from Finland. It also provides insight into how to carry out similar studies in different settings.
Response quality in consumer satisfaction research
Authors: Powers Thomas L. , Bendall Valentine Dawn 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of consumer satisfaction survey respondents' demographics, satisfaction level and behavioral intentions on response rates and item completion rates.Design/methodology/approachA consumer satisfaction survey was sent to 2,000 individuals immediately after receipt of a service experience. The respondents to this initial survey were then mailed another survey one to two years following the service experience in order to identify individual consumers who could then be tracked to see who responded to the survey.FindingsThe findings indicate that age impacts survey response rates, intention to return impacts item completion rates, and satisfaction impacts both response and item completion rates.Originality/valueEnsuring the accuracy of consumer satisfaction data is invaluable to an organization, as the findings are the basis from which many important decisions are made. Unfortunately, many consumers do not respond or may not completely fill out surveys, leaving the organization with imprecise results. To assess consumer perceptions properly, managers must be certain of accurate and unbiased results to be able to make key operational changes.
A multivariate segmentation model of senior consumers
Authors: Sudbury Lynn , Simcock Peter 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide a multivariate segmentation model of the older consumer market, utilising variables based on the major dimensions of ageing, and behavioural variables previously shown to be pertinent to older adults in the gerontology and marketing literature.Design/methodology/approachA self‐complete questionnaire was administered to an age‐based quota sample of 650 older consumers (aged 50‐79) in the UK. Using the age and consumer behaviour variables, cluster analysis was performed. The clusters were then profiled using ANOVA, Kruskal‐Wallis and χ2 techniques, using those variables not included in the initial analysis.FindingsThe results confirmed that the older consumer market is not homogeneous. Rather, five distinct segments emerged which differ considerably from one another on a range of variables, including consumer behaviours.Practical implicationsThe model has practical implications for targeting older consumers, and the paper provides guidelines on how to reach the different segments.Originality/valueThe paper, the result of the largest known empirical study into older consumers in the UK, provides a comprehensive segmentation model that overcomes many of the limitations of previous segmentation studies pertaining to older adults. It also fills a research gap noted by several previous researchers in that a variety of different types of age are utilised.
Distressing events and future purchase decisions: Jewish consumers and the Holocaust
Authors: Podoshen Jeffrey 
Published: June 2009

PurposeUnderstanding the role of ethnicity is key for marketers in multicultural nations such as the USA. Many ethnic groups retain a great deal of collective memories and experiences based on events in the past. Some of these experiences were stress‐inducing, if not horrific. This paper aims to look at the buying process of US Jewish consumers in relation to the purchase of German products, more specifically automobiles. Going beyond animosity, this research seeks to look at the variables of acculturation and closeness to the Holocaust as possible factors in the purchase decision.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilizes survey data obtained from over 400 respondents with analysis performed using regression, chi‐squared analysis, ANOVA and MANOVA.FindingsThe study shows that non‐Jewish Americans are more likely to purchase German automobiles than Jewish Americans. Acculturation and familial closeness to the Holocaust play a role in the purchase decision among Jewish Americans, while income does not.Practical implicationsThe paper helps firms plan marketing strategy where they may have a history involved in war or similar actions.Originality/valueEven though they have significant spending power, very little research has been done on American Jewish consumers. Additionally, as ethnically oriented violence still plagues the world, understanding the role distressing events play in the purchases of future generations is of paramount importance for global firms.
Integrating science into web design: consumer‐driven web site optimization
Authors: Gofman Alex , Moskowitz Howard R. , Mets Tõnis 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThis paper sets out to explore different approaches to optimizing web sites based on consumer preferences, introducing the most advanced form of landing page optimization, multivariate landing page optimization, and its variations. The approach aims to allow for the testing of a large number of web page prototypes with consumers and find real optimal solutions on an aggregated, segmented and individual basis. The latter aims to paveing the road to individually optimized pages and one‐on‐one marketing in the near future.Design/methodology/approachThe approach described employs a new variation of multivariate landing page optimization to improve customer experiences with web sites through optimal design of the landing pages. The approach uses consumer insights‐driven rule‐developing experimentation (RDE) introduced by the authors and developed in cooperation with Wharton School of Business.FindingsA disciplined experimentation based on statistically sound experimental designs produces much better web page designs. The resulting web pages have increased consumer acceptability, improved conversion rates and general customer experience.Practical implicationsConsumer research should be a central part in planning how to optimize web site experiences. The steps of fitting it into the web design are shown. There are already several readily available tools for effecting this.Originality/valueThe approach could help marketers create better web sites that consumers like and which will help marketers to differentiate their respective web sites from their competitors.
“Going to the movies”: accounting and twentieth century cinema
Authors: Jeacle Ingrid 
Published: June 2009

PurposeSince its emergence in the early twentieth century, cinema has acquired a cultural identity. As purveyor of light entertainment, the local movie palace sold escapism at a cheap price. It also acted as an important social apparatus that regulated everyday mannerisms and appearance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the box office ledger of a UK picture house and to consider the role of the accounting document as a medium through which both local and broader social and historical norms can be reflected.Design/methodology/approachThe paper primarily employs archival sources. It examines the box office ledger of the Edinburgh Playhouse cinema for the period 1929‐1973. This ledger is held within the National Archive of Scotland. Secondary sources are also drawn upon to provide a social and historical context to the study.FindingsThe analysis of the box office ledger illustrates the potential value of an accounting document as a source of social history. Not only does this single ledger mirror the defining moments in British cinema history, it also helps inform the conception of what constitutes accounting, shapes the perception of contemporary strategic management accounting rhetoric, and further an appreciation of the relationship between accounting and everyday life.Originality/valueThe entertainment industry has been largely ignored within accounting scholarship. Such neglect is lamentable given both the scale of the industry and its impact on contemporary culture. This paper is an attempt to redress this neglect by examining one component of the entertainment business, cinema, through the medium of an accounting document.
The plenary lecture
Authors: Gray Rob 
Published: June 2009

PurposeThis poem aims to present a reminder that the value of a presentation lies with the audience, not the speaker.Design/methodology/approachThis is in the form of a fictional poem.FindingsThe poem reveals that hubris is alive, well and burgeoning in the academy.Research limitations/implicationsSelf‐awareness and self‐criticism are to be encouraged.Originality/valueTrite doggerel may still make a point and may even cause a smile.