bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in overweight and obese adults in Malaysia (1996–2009): a systematic review
Authors: Khambalia A. Z. , Seen L. S. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryLike other nations experiencing rapid industrialization, urbanization and a nutrition transition, there is concern in Malaysia of a possible escalation in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. In 1996, the National Health and Morbidity Survey reported a 16.6% and 4.4% prevalence of overweight and obesity, respectively. In the following decade, there have been several national and community surveys on overweight and obesity in Malaysia. The objective of this systematic review is to describe the trend from 1996 to 2009 in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults in Malaysia nationally and by gender, age and race. Results indicate that there has been a small rise in overweight adults in the years 1996, 2003 and 2006 (20.7%, 26.7% and 29.1%) and a much more dramatic increase in obesity in 1996, 2003, 2004 and 2006 (5.5%, 12.2%, 12.3% and 14.0%). Evidence showed a greater risk for overweight and obesity among women compared with men. Based on the highest‐quality studies, overweight and obesity levels were highest among adults 40–59 years old. Overweight levels were highest among Indians, followed by Malays, Chinese and Aboriginals, with less consistency across studies on the order of risk or obesity by ethnicity.
The Agency Effect of Repurchases on Closed‐End Funds
Authors: An Jingfeng , Gemmill Gordon , Thomas Dylan C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractShare prices rise after companies announce repurchases, but there are differing views as to why this happens. Repurchases are announced by closed‐end funds when their discounts are widening (market‐to‐book is falling). The immediate post‐announcement effect is a small jump in a fund's share price, but the main effect occurs over the next four years during which time there is significant outperformance both of the fund's price and of its investment portfolio. Liquidity of the shares does not change. Repurchases, if executed, reduce the size of a fund and therefore the manager's fees. Our findings are consistent with directors using the threat of repurchases to discipline managers whose investment performance has been poor, leading to a closer alignment of pay and performance.
Endothelin‐1 enhances cell migration via matrix metalloproteinase‐9 up‐regulation in brain astrocytes
Authors: Wang Hui‐Hsin , Hsieh Hsi‐Lung , Wu Cheng‐Ying , Yang Chuen‐Mao 
Published: March 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)113, 1133–1149.AbstractThe bioactivity of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) has been suggested in the development of CNS diseases, including disturbance of water homeostasis and blood‐brain barrier integrity. Recent studies suggest that hypoxic/ischemic injury of the brain induces release of ET‐1, behaving through a G‐protein coupled ET receptor family. The deleterious effects of ET‐1 on astrocytes may aggravate brain inflammation. Increased plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in particular MMP‐9, have been observed in patients with neuroinflammatory disorders. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying ET‐1‐induced MMP‐9 expression remain unknown. In this study, the data obtained with zymographic, western blotting, real‐time PCR, and immunofluorescent staining analyses showed that ET‐1‐induced MMP‐9 expression was mediated through an ETB‐dependent transcriptional activation. Engagement of Gi/o‐ and Gq‐coupled ETBreceptor by ET‐1 led to activation of p42/p44 MAPK and then activated transcription factors including Ets‐like kinase, nuclear factor‐kappa B, and activator protein‐1 (c‐Jun/c‐Fos). These activated transcription factors translocated into nucleus and bound to their corresponding binding sites in MMP‐9 promoter, thereby turning on MMP‐9 gene transcription. Eventually, up‐regulation of MMP‐9 by ET‐1 enhanced the migration of astrocytes. Taken together, these results suggested that in astrocytes, activation of Ets‐like kinase, nuclear factor‐kappa B, and activator protein‐1 by ETB‐dependent p42/p44 MAPK signaling is necessary for ET‐1‐induced MMP‐9 gene up‐regulation. Understanding the mechanisms of MMP‐9 expression and functional changes regulated by ET‐1/ETBsystem on astrocytes may provide rational therapeutic interventions for brain injury associated with increased MMP‐9 expression.
Clinical Experience with a Novel Intracoronary Perfusion Catheter to Treat No‐Reflow Phenomenon in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: MALUENDA GABRIEL , BEN‐DOR ITSIK , DELHAYE CEDRIC , GONZALEZ MANUEL A. , COLLINS SARA D. , TORGUSON REBECCA , XUE ZHENYI , SUDDATH WILLIAM O. , SATLER LOWELL F. , KENT KENNETH M. , LINDSAY JOSEPH , PICHARD AUGUSTO D. , WAKSMAN RON 
Published: March 2010

Background:
The no‐reflow phenomenon is an often seen complication in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This event is associated with poor prognosis and poses a therapeutic challenge.
Methods:
This retrospective study cohort was composed of 30 patients who presented with ACS between September 2007 and April 2009, and developed no‐reflow during subsequent PCI. The primary end‐point was defined as normal Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 3 flow with myocardial blush grade (MBG) ≥2 or an increase in TIMI flow by ≥2 grades with a MBG ≥2 after intracoronary drug infusion via the ClearWay (CW) RX perfusion catheter.
Results:
The population presented with a relatively high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. ST‐elevation myocardial infarction was the most common presentation (60.0%), while 20% of the patients presented with cardiogenic shock. After intracoronary infusion of nicardipine or nitroprusside using the CW catheter, TIMI flow improved from the baseline in 19 cases (63.3%, P < 0.001), and 16 patients (53.3%, P < 0.001) achieved normal coronary flow at the end of the procedure. The rate of in‐hospital death was 6.7% (2 cases). No clinical differences were noted between those patients who successfully achieved normal coronary flow and those with persistent no‐reflow.
Conclusion:
The infusion of intracoronary drugs using the novel perfusion CW RX catheter seems to be safe and could help to improve myocardial perfusion in a selected group of patients presenting with ACS who developed no‐reflow during PCI. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:109‐113)
La calidad del trabajo en los centros de atención telefónica alemanes
Authors: WEINKOPF Claudia 
Published: March 2010

Resumen.El trabajo con salario bajo viene difundiéndose en Alemania desde 1995, y los empleadores encuentran a menudo escapatorias para sortear las normas y ahorrar costos laborales. La autora resume seis estudios realizados en otros tantos centros de atención telefónica (en empresas de servicios públicos y de servicios financieros) sobre la influencia institucional — sobre todo, los convenios colectivos salariales y los comités de empresa — en la organización y retribución del trabajo y en otras condiciones laborales. Explica las grandes variaciones salariales que hay en este ramo en Alemania y las consecuencias que tiene al respecto la subcontratación a proveedores externos.
Primary stability measurements of single implants in the midline of the edentulous mandible for overdentures
Authors: Alsabeeha Nabeel H. M. , De Silva Rohana K. , Thomson W. Murray , Payne Alan G. T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives: To determine the primary stability of the Southern wide diameter (8 mm) implants, Neoss regular diameter (4 mm) implants, and Southern regular diameter (3.75 mm) implants placed in the midline of edentulous mandibles for single‐implant overdentures. Variables related to host site and implant characteristics were investigated to determine their influence on the primary stability of the implants.Materials and methods: A total of 36 implants were placed in the midline symphysis of the edentulous mandibles of 36 participants. Their primary stability was then measured using the magnetic Osstell mentor device. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean implant stability quotient (ISQ) scores with one‐way ANOVA for multiple comparisons.Results: The highest measurement (ISQ) of primary stability was for the Southern 8 mm wide diameter implants (84.8, SD 9.8), followed by the Neoss 4 mm regular diameter (82.3, SD 4.8) implants and the Southern 3.75 mm regular diameter implants (75.3, SD 8.4), respectively. The Southern 3.75 mm regular diameter implants had a significantly lower mean ISQ value than the same system 8 mm wide diameter (P=0.004) and the Neoss 4 mm regular diameter implants (P=0.03). No significant differences were observed between the 8 mm and the 4 mm diameter implants (P>0.05).Conclusions: Host‐site variables such as age, gender, bone volume, and quality do not appear to influence the primary stability of the implants. No clear correlation was established between ISQ values and implant diameter. To cite this article:
Alsabeeha NHM, De Silva RK, Thomson WM, Payne AGT. Primary stability measurements of single implants in the midline of the edentulous mandible for overdentures. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 563–566. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01890.x
Microgeographic genetic isolation in chub (Cyprinidae: Squalius cephalus) population of the Durance River: estimating fragmentation by dams
Authors: Dehais C. , Eudeline R. , Berrebi P. , Argillier C. 
Published: March 2010

Dehais C, Eudeline R, Berrebi P, Argillier C. Microgeographic genetic isolation in chub (Cyprinidae: Squalius cephalus) population of the Durance River: estimating fragmentation by dams. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 267–278. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Weirs and dams are wide spread throughout the world’s river systems. The most direct effect of these barriers is the limitation of organism movements, i.e., the alteration of connectivity by fragmentation of the aquatic habitat. Whereas the impact of fragmentation on migratory fish species has been well studied, insights on nonmigratory species are still needed. In particular, knowledge on the effects of dams on cyprinid populations at the watershed scale is lacking. Therefore, we studied the genetic structure of eleven chub (Squalius cephalus) samples lined up in the highly fragmented Durance River (France). Using five microsatellite loci, we show that even if the overall genetic differentiation is low, isolation by distance does occur and that genetic diversity increases from upstream to downstream. Dams seem to participate jointly with waterway distance in the explanation of this pattern. However more precise conclusions cannot be made. Guidance for future studies are given.
Unusual presentation of a hypoglossal nerve neurofibroma
Authors: Patel V. , McGurk M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 genetic disorder is an inherited autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance and expressivity and occurs in one of every 2000–3300 live births. Neurofibromatosis type 2, on the other hand, afflicts only one in approximately 50 000 people. Within these patients, the frequency of intra‐oral involvement of neurofibromas has been reported in a range of 4–7%. Alternatively, neurofibromas in the oral cavity minus the presence of a neurofibromatosis disease has been documented but the prevalence is even less than stated earlier making a solitary neurofibroma of the tongue a rare occurrence. This article reports an unusual presentation of a neurofibroma masquerading as a lipoma with the tumour occurring at the base of the tongue.
Theatre times and delays in elective oral and maxillofacial lists
Authors: Aleid W. , Avery C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  Cancelled operations are a major drain on hospital resources. The maxillofacial department at the Leicester Royal Infirmary (LRI) performs at least 14 elective operating sessions each week. A study reported that our cancellation rate or performance indicator (PI) was 0.3% at LR1. The most common reasons for cancellation of procedures at that time were lack of post‐operative beds and insufficient operating time. This study aimed to continue to develop a methodology for looking at this complex issue and to further investigate the reasons for delay to assess whether the system could be managed more efficiently.Material and Methods:  In this study, the computerised theatre records system has been utilised to investigate the reasons for theatre delays. A retrospective analysis of data for 1212 patients treated in the 1 year period between December 2006 and December 2007 was performed.Results and Conclusions:  Eight hundred and forty‐nine patients were treated on a day‐surgery basis, of which 710 were dentoalveolar procedures and 139 were other operations. The remaining 363 patients were treated as in‐patients of which 97 were oncological patients, 84 orthognathic, 35 salivary gland surgery, 65 traumas, and 82 other operations. Sixty‐four (5.28%) of these treatment episodes were logged as delayed. The main reasons for delays were related to the ward (17%) or anaesthetist (22%).The operating time consumed 74% of the overall time in theatre complex. The utilisation of operating time was much better for in‐patient operations (81%) than day‐surgery procedures (64%). Suggestions have been made to reduce theatre delays.
STATUES OF LIBYANS DEDICATED TO ONE OF THE ANCIENT LIBYAN GODS IN THE AREA OF TRIPOLITANIA
Authors: ELMAYER E. F. 
Published: March 2010

abstract
Three small statues were found in the village of Zintan at Al Jabal al Gharbi, or West Mountain area, near Tripoli. They are made of local alabaster (marble) and are similar to others found in the Ancient Near East. Their height is 60 cm, their weight is 3 kg each. The purpose of the study was to clarify the identity of the statues, and to derive from them information on the civilisation of the ancient Libyans. It is concluded that the three statues can be dated to the first and second centuries AD. They represent gift-monuments (idols) dedicated to a Libyan god as a sacrifice or offering and were put in a temple, which may be a temple of the Libyan god, Amon, because Libyans built temples to him in various areas, such as Ojela, Siwa, Zawiat al Mahjoub. This preliminary analysis has been based only on the translation of the Punic inscriptions found on two of the sculptures, and further laboratory tests together with site investigation are needed.
THE FUNCTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MUSIC IN TRAGEDY
Authors: SIFAKIS G. M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Music is a kind of mimesis, Aristotle writes at the beginning of the Poetics, just like poetry and the visual arts. Therefore, the ‘seasoned language’ (hdusmenos logos) of tragedy is not a form of language embellished or made pleasurable by music, but a means of imitation enabled by music to represent - in the lyric parts of drama such as choral songs, soli and kommoi - what plain speach cannot express, viz. heightened emotion and bold characterization resulting from it. The significative connotations which music adds to language are due to the fact that Greek music was modal and traditional; its elements (modes, rhythms, melodies, tone colours) were considered (by Plato and Aristotle among others) to correspond with, and produce likenesses of, ethical qualities, and thus incite emotions appropriate to the latter.
TO BE AND NOT TO BE: PLINY's PARADOXICAL TRAJAN
Authors: REES ROGER 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe style of the Panegyricus, proudly treasured by its author Pliny the Younger but condemned by modern readers, is integral to the speech's political ambition. Epigrammatic antithesis is employed frequently to highlight certain ethical paradoxes. This rhetorical device allows Pliny to characterise Trajan as uniquely qualified for imperial office; both military and civilian spheres are sketched. However, on the issue of Trajan's divinity, Pliny uses the speech's monumental length to obscure a more equivocal position. The Panegyricus negotiates a new - and influential - means of expression whilst adhering to the genre's celebration of the charismatic nature of imperial government.
GOD, SCIENCE, AND SOCRATES
Authors: JANKO RICHARD 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
In 415 BC a witch-hunt erupted in Athens. Its targets included intellectuals suspected of hostility to the traditional religion, but who, in fact, tried to reconcile it with the latest scientific theories about the universe, notably those of Anaxagoras. They did so by using allegory and etymology to interpret peculiar rites and sacred texts like the Orphic theogony. I argue that the recently reconstructed Derveni papyrus is a book by one of these intellectuals, the poet and sophist Diagoras of Melos, who was condemned to death in 415 for mocking the Eleusinian mysteries. The text proves that its author actually believed in a single, all-pervading and providential God. But most Athenians confused belief in new gods with belief in no gods at all. The new text, combined with evidence from Aristophanes's Clouds, Plato, and other sources, shows that Socrates himself was later executed for having held similar beliefs.
XENARCHUS, ALEXANDER, AND SIMPLICIUS ON SIMPLE MOTIONS, BODIES AND MAGNITUDES
Authors: HANKINSON R. J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAristotle accounted for the fundamental dynamics of the cosmos in terms of the tendencies of the various elements to distinct types of natural motions, and (in the case of the sublunary elements) to rest in their natural places. In so doing, he introduced a fifth element, the ether, with a natural and unceasing tendency to revolve, as the matter for the heavenly bodies. This paper deals with some of the objections raised to this model, and to its conceptual underpinnings, raised by Xenarchus of Seleuceia, an unorthodox Peripatetic of the 1st century BC, and of the attempts of later philosophers to rebut them. In so doing it casts light on a little-known, but historically important and interesting, episode in the development of physical dynamics.
THEATRE, PERFORMANCE AND THEATRICALITY IN SOME MOSAIC PAVEMENTS FROM ANTIOCH
Authors: HUSKINSON JANET 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper reconsiders four pavements from houses in or around Antioch on the Orontes which are generally recognised to have had some association with plays or the theatre. The ‘Red Pavement’ and the mosaic of ‘Iphigencia’ have been taken to illustrate the texts of particular plays by Euripides; scenes in the ‘House of Dionysus and Ariadne’ show satyrs in theatrical costume; and a triclinium mosaic from the House of Menander portrays the playwright himself. It views them in the light of some current interpretative approaches based on ‘theatricality’ and ‘performance’ and the decoration of houses. Through detailed analysis of each case it shows how their images provide further evidence of the cultural life of Antioch and for the interests and aspirations of elite patrons.
TWO LEXICOGRAPHICAL NOTES
Authors: SANDIN PÄR 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Two unrelated words are examined with the aid of the electronic Thesaurus (TLG). Full corpora of the words and their derivates are given in an Appendix. We find that the evidence for the sense of is less certain than has been commonly believed: the supposed instance in Herod. 2.70 is actually ; other alleged instances are due to editorial mistakes or interpolations. The original sense is likely to have been ‘pure’ (so Hsch. α 4227). originally meant ‘eulogy’, ‘invocation’, being a verbal noun to : so, e.g., Call. Ap. 98, fr. 384.39, A.R. 2.713, Ath. 15.701c, Ph. 1.535. Due to the common use of invocations as refrains to hymns and similar, the noun took on this sense in scholarly discourse, a semantic process explained by Hephaéstion in a passage that has been insufficiently understood (Poëm. 7.1).
OVID'S VARIATIONS ON ACHILLES IN THE METAMORPHOSES
Authors: GALASSO LUIGI 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
In Ovid's Metamorphoses, Achilles' function, in a way, is to set up a common element for all the episodes of the Trojan War that are narrated or alluded to. He embodies in the most emblematic way the protagonist of epic poetry, a character that is a symbol for the heroic epos. The episodes which concern him are discussed, in order to demonstrate that the hasty and simplistic portrayal of him that has been given by many critics is inappropriate, and we should avoid defining, him as a merely negative figure. Actually, the structure of the narration should be perceived as a series of independent scenes. Unity is given by the constantly recurring theme of fame, of glory, which ultimately moulds life. Hence the absolutely decisive role of the poet who creates this reality.
ELEMENTARY LOGIC IN THE ANCIENT WORLD
Authors: HUBY PAMELA M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
In the ancient world most educated people, including medical men and lawyers, studied some elementary logic. The formal study began in Plato's Academy, and can be traced through to Boethius, and so into the Middle Ages. Many works seem to have been written to be memorized by students. Evidence comes, among others, from Aristotle, Apuleius, and Galen, and from a variety of anonymous sources, including some papyri. The views of the Peripatetics and the Stoics, originally different, coalesced, and later handbooks covered both at an elementary level. The origin of the concept of a syllogistic mood is obscure: it may have existed for some time before appearing first in Apuleius.
EVIDENCE FOR THEOPHRASTUS ON HAIR, ON SECRETION, ON WINE AND OLIVE-OIL?
Authors: SHARPLES R. W. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
[Aristotle], Problemata inedita books 2–3 Bussemaker (of which the former = [Alexander of Aphrodisias, Problemata book 4 Usener) includes some thematically grouped sections which include a large number of items also found in the [Aristotle] Problems included in Bekker's edition, and others which do not. The subjects of some of the latter correspond to the titles of three lost works by Theophrastus. Given the use of works by Theophrastus in the Bekker Problems, and of his On Dizziness in the Bussemaker Problems, the possibility suggests itself that material from the three lost works too may be present in the Bussemaker Problems. The present paper examines this possibility — which must inevitably remain speculative — and also examines the doctrinal basis of these sections of the Problems.
MUSICOTERAPIA E CATARSI IN TEOFRASTO
Authors: MATELLI ELISABETTA 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Si propone una nuova interpetazione di Teofrasto, Historia Plantarum IV. 11.1–9 dedicato alla descrizione di due tipologie di ance per aulo: il passo è stato messo a confronto con le esperienze pratiche di costruzione e uso di questo tipo di imboccatura ancora vive in zone grecaniche della Calabria, documentate da fotografie e da una registrazione dei suoni (accessibili nella pagina web http:www.unicatt.itdocentimatelli). Anche in altre opere Teofrasto si è occupato dell'aulo per descriverne gli effetti terapeutici e catartici. Si approfondiscono le questioni musicali implicate in tali testimonianze (tipo di strumento musicale, concetti di ‘genere’, ‘amonia’, ‘ritmo’), offrendo alcune esemplificazioni esecutive nella pagina web attraverso il suono dell'aulo (suonato dal M.stro C. Crucitti). Infine la nozione di ‘catarsi’ viene studiata all'interno della filosofia di Teofrasto, dove fisiologia umana, psicologia, poetica e musica sono teoreticamente collegate in un sistema unitario. Particolare importanza viene data al collegamento dell'idea di ‘entusiasmo’ a quella di ‘catarsi’, entrambe esperienze sia fisiologiche che psichiche, e al tempo stesso ‘poetiche’: una intima unione collega l'esperienza poetico/estetica alla condizione psico-fisica dell'individuo.