bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Project Salsa: Development and Institutionalization of a Nutritional Health Promotion Project in a Latino Community
Authors: Elder John P. , Campbell Nadia R. , Candelaria Jeanette I. , Talavera Gregory A. , Mayer Joni A. , Moreno Carmen , Medel Yvonne R. , Lyons Geanne K. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. Project Salsa was a community-based effort seeking to promote health through nutritional behavior change in a Latino community of San Diego, California. The purpose of this article is to report on program factors related to long-term institutionalization of Project Salsa interventions. Design. Project Salsa was a demonstration rather than an experimental project. To ensure maximum sensitivity to the needs and values of the community, Project Salsa began with an extensive health needs assessment, including development of an advisory council, telephone survey, archival research, and key informant interviews. Setting. Project Salsa interventions took place in San Ysidro, California, located near the U.S.-Mexico border adjacent to Tijuana from 1987 to 1992. Subjects. The intervention community had 14,500 residents, of which nearly 83% were Latino. Interventions. Interventions included coronary heart disease risk factor screenings, meal preparation classes, newspaper columns, point-of-purchase education, school health and cafeteria programs, and breast-feeding promotion. Measures. Institutionalization of intervention components. Results. Two of the interventions, the risk factor screenings and school health programs, are still in operation 4 years after the end of project funding. Conclusions. Four factors common to institutionalized components are presented in the paper.
Longitudinal Changes in Stages of Change for Condom Use in Women
Authors: Evers Kerry E. , Harlow Lisa L. , Redding Colleen A. , LaForge Robert G. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. This study identifies how women naturally progress through the Transtheoretical Model stages of condom use over a 1 year period, using the longitudinal dynamic methodology of latent transition analysis (LTA). Design. As part of a larger study of human immunodeficiency virus risk in women, participants were assessed for their stage of condom use two times, 1 year apart. Subjects. A total of 491 women who completed both assessments of the study were included in this analysis. Measures. Stage of condom use was assessed using two questions, which placed women into one of five stages of change for condom use (α = .90). Results. Latent transition analysis identified the best-fitting model of naturalistic stage progression, which included both forward and backward movement. Precontemplation and maintenance were found to be the most stable stages (more than 50% of the participants remaining in that stage 1 year later), and the action stage was the least stable (15 % remaining in this stage). Transition probabilities for all stages showed a high rate of relapse in the sample. Conclusions. A high proportion of women will remain within their stage of condom use over a 1-year period if no intervention is introduced. Interventions that are aimed at increasing condom use in women need to incorporate relapse prevention. In addition, the transition probabilities for the stages will help establish reasonable rates of change for intervention programs.
Worksite Health Promotion Programs in the U.S.: Factors Associated with Availability and Participation
Authors: Grosch James W. , Alterman Toni , Petersen Martin R. , Murphy Lawrence R. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To examine how the availability of and participation in worksite health promotion programs varies as a function of individual (e.g., age), organizational (e.g., occupation), and health (e.g., high blood pressure) characteristics. Availability of worksite programs was also compared to that reported in two previous national surveys of private companies. Design. Data analyzed were from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a national cross-sectional probability sample of the U.S. civilian population. Subjects. Five thousand two hundred nineteen NHIS respondents met the inclusion criteria of (1) being currently employed in a company of at least 50 employees, and (2) completing the NHIS section on worksite health promotion. Measures. Employees indicated the availability of, and their participation in, 33 different types of worksite programs. National Health Interview Survey data were also available regarding general health, blood pressure, body mass index, and medical conditions. Results. Smoking cessation programs had the highest mean availability (43 %), followed by health education programs (31 %) and screening tests (31 %). Overall, availability of worksite programs appeared comparable to that reported in a recent national survey. Participation ranged from 32% for health education programs to 5% for smoking cessation programs. Compared to availability, participation depended less on individual and organizational characteristics. Healthy employees were not consistently more likely to participate in worksite health promotion programs than nonhealthy employees. Conclusions. Although availability of worksite health promotion programs remains high, participation by employees in specific types of programs can vary widely. Attempts to increase participation should look beyond individual, health, and organizational variables, to specific features of the work environment that encourage involvement in health promotion activities.
Estimated Economic Costs of Obesity to U.S. Business
Authors: Thompson David , Edelsberg John , Kinsey Karen L. , Oster Gerry 
Published: December 2011

Objective. To estimate the economic costs of obesity to U.S. business. Methods. Standard epidemiologic methods for risk attribution and techniques for ascertaining cost of illness were used to estimate obesity-attributable expenditures on selected employee benefits, including health, life, and disability insurance and paid sick leave by private-sector firms in the U.S. in 1994. Data were obtained from a variety of secondary sources, including the National Health Interview Survey, reports from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and other federal agencies, and the published literature. Attention was focused on employees between the ages of 25 and 64 years who were classified according to body mass index (BMI) as “nonobese” (BMI < 25 kg/m2), “mildly obese” (BMI = 25–28.9 kg/m2), or “moderately to severely obese” (BMI ≥ 29 kg/m2). Results. The cost of obesity to U.S. business in 1994 was estimated to total $12.7 billion, including $2.6 billion as a result of mild obesity and $10.1 billion due to moderate to severe obesity. Health insurance expenditures constituted $7.7 billion of the total amount, representing 43% of all spending by U.S. business on coronary heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis of the knee, and endometrial cancer. Obesity-attributable business expenditures on paid sick leave, life insurance, and disability insurance amounted to $2.4 billion, $1.8 billion, and $800 million, respectively. Conclusions. The health-related economic cost of obesity to U.S. business is substantial, representing approximately 5% of total medical care costs. Further research is needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of worksite weight management programs and of other efforts to reduce the prevalence of obesity in the U.S. workforce.
Psychosocial and Demographic Correlates of Television Viewing
Authors: Williams Carl D. , Sallis James F. , Calfas Karen J. , Burke Randy 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. The present study was grounded in the notion that previously identified physical activity determinants were associated in reverse with television viewing. Identifying demographic and psychosocial correlates and other potential determinants of television viewing may allow for the development and conceptualization of models and interventions to reduce sedentary behavior. Design. Cross-sectional data from self-report measures were analyzed using multiple hierarchical regression. Setting. Data were collected from 1995 to 1996 on seniors attending a large public university in southern California. Sample. Subjects were 321 female and 255 male university seniors attending a public university in southern California. The sample's ethnic distribution was 53.8% European-American, 16.3% Latino, 16.6% Asian/Pacific Islander, 16.1% African-American, and 4.3% other. Measures. Typical television viewing practices on weekdays and weekends were assessed using self-report items. Physical activity determinants were assessed using self-report measures derived from social cognitive theory and the transtheoretical model of behavior change. Results. The variables explaining a significant amount of variance after controlling for ethnicity and employment status in females were barriers to physical activity (p < . 05), body image dissatisfaction (p < .01), and processes of change (p < .02). The entire model for females captured 16% of the variance, with the psychosocial variables accounting for 8% of the variance. The significant variables in the male model were quality of life (p < . 01) and grade point average (p < .03). The full model accounted for 15% of the variance, with nondemographic variables accounting for 5% of the variance in television viewing. Conclusions. Relationships between television viewing and potential determinants were found. However, additional variables that may influence the amount of television viewing need to be conceptualized and investigated.
Applying the Health Promotion Model to Development of a Worksite Intervention
Authors: Lusk Sally L. , Kerr Madeline J. , Ronis David L. , Eakin Brenda L. 
Published: December 2011

Introduction. Consistent use of hearing protection devices (HPDs) decreases noise-induced hearing loss, however, many workers do not use them consistently. Past research has supported the need to use a conceptual framework to understand behaviors and guide intervention programs; however, few reports have specified a process to translate a conceptual model into an intervention. Purpose. The strongest predictors from the Health Promotion Model were used to design a training program to increase HPD use among construction workers. Subjects/Setting. Carpenters (n = 118), operating engineers (n = 109), and plumber/pipefitters (n = 129) in the Midwest were recruited to participate in the study. Design. Written questionnaires including scales measuring the components of the Health Promotion Model were completed in classroom settings at worker trade group meetings. Measures. All items from scales predicting HPD use were reviewed to determine the basis for the content of a program to promote the use of HPDs. Three selection criteria were developed: (1) correlation with use of hearing protection (at least .20), (2) amenability to change, and (3) room for improvement (mean score not at ceiling). Results. Linear regression and Pearson's correlation were used to assess the components of the model as predictors of HPD use. Five predictors had statistically significant regression coefficients: perceived noise exposure, self-efficacy, value of use, barriers to use, and modeling of use of hearing protection. Using items meeting the selection criteria, a 20-minute videotape with written handouts was developed as the core of an intervention. A clearly defined practice session was also incorporated in the training intervention. Conclusion. Determining salient factors for worker populations and specific protective equipment prior to designing an intervention is essential. These predictors provided the basis for a training program that addressed the specific needs of construction workers. Results of tests of the effectiveness of the program will be available in the near future.
Factors Associated with Attendance in a Voluntary Nutrition Education Program
Authors: Damron Dorothy , Langenberg Patricia , Anliker Jean , Ballesteros Michael , Feldman Robert , Havas Stephen 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. This paper examines factors associated with attendance in a National Cancer Institute-funded randomized trial of nutrition education to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among women served by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Setting. The study took place at 16 WIC sites in Maryland. Subjects. The participants were 1528 women who were enrolled in WIC or who had children enrolled in WIC, were ≥18 years of age, and planned to continue enrollment at that WIC site for at least 6 months (68% of eligible women approached agreed to participate). Intervention. Women received personal invitations, letters, and telephone reminders from peer educators encouraging their attendance at three bimonthly nutrition sessions. Measures. Demographic data were collected in a baseline survey. Attendance data and telephone and address changes were also collected. The postintervention survey included a question regarding reasons for nonattendance. Focus groups were also held to ascertain reasons for attendance or nonattendance. Chi-square tests of trend and multiple logistic regression, adjusted for within-site correlation, were used in statistical analyses. Results. Fifty-four percent of enrollees attended at least one session. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed increased odds of attending with higher age, breast-feeding, and/or knowledge of the recommendation to eat five or more servings of fruits and vegetables daily. There were decreased odds of attending for pregnant women who already had children. There were nonsignificant trends toward decreased attendance among unmarried women compared with married women and among blacks compared with nonblacks. Reasons given for nonattendance included withdrawal from WIC, moving, conflicting activities, negative feelings about nutrition education, and lack of transportation or child care. Conclusions. The results suggest that numerous barriers hinder participation in nutrition programs aimed at low-income women. These barriers should be considered by health care professionals when planning intervention programs. Overcoming these barriers presents a major challenge.
Acceptability of Computer Assessments among Ethnically Diverse, Low-Income Smokers
Authors: Bock Beth , Niaura Raymond , Fontes Alicia , Bock Frederick 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To examine the acceptability of computer-based assessments among an ethnically diverse, low-income population of primary care patients. Although computers have been used to provide assessments and interventions in health care settings, members of ethnic minority and low-income households have less access to computers than other groups, and therefore the acceptability of computers as a health care assessment and delivery tool needs to be examined. Design. We examined the acceptability of computers for providing assessments of smoking history, nicotine dependence, and other related variables among an ethnically diverse, low-income primary care population. No intervention was used in this study. Setting. Three inner-city primary care clinics located in hospitals were used as sites for this study. These hospitals were located in areas of the city where low-income and ethnic minority households are overrepresented relative to the total population. Subjects. Adult male and female smokers (n = 522) were recruited while awaiting appointments in each primary care clinic. Measures. A questionnaire assessing smoking rate, patterns, history, motivation to quit smoking and other smoking-related variables was administered using either a paper-and-pencil format or a laptop computer. Results. Frequency counts, analysis of variance, and χ2 tests were used where appropriate. Most subjects (78.5 %) used the computer to complete the baseline survey. Almost all subjects (92%) rated the computer “very easy” or “easy” to use. Subjects who were Spanish-speaking, were born outside the United States, or were Hispanic tended to rate the program as slightly less easy to use than other subjects. Conclusions. Computer-based assessments appear highly acceptable to individuals in low-income populations.
Measuring Worksite Resources for Employee Heart Health
Authors: Fisher Brian , Golaszewski Thomas , Barr Donald 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. Intervention at the organizational rather than the individual level is gaining greater attention in worksite health promotion efforts. However, little research has been done on instruments to measure this domain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to further test the utility of an existing organizational heart health support instrument by examining relationships among worksite structural characteristics and comparing these results to other survey findings. Design. One-time cross-sectional. Setting. New York State. Subjects. One hundred fifteen volunteer worksites in the New York State Healthy Heart Program, representing manufacturing, government, education, health care, and other industries. Measures. A survey was conducted using HeartCheck, an organizational assessment of employee support for heart health. HeartCheck contains 175 items measuring organizational support for tobacco control, nutrition, physical activity, stress, screening, and administrative support structure. Results. On average, only 22% of all worksite resources assessed were present in the sample. Having a workforce greater than 250 provided a 12% increase in predicted overall worksite resources. A predominantly female workforce (>75%) provided 10% higher levels of worksite stress resources. Worksites with unions had higher levels of resources for physical activity (10%), screening (13%), and general supportive structures (10%). The presence of manual labor diminished support for tobacco control resources (−13%). Finally, manufacturing worksites demonstrated a clear advantage for all types of worksite resources, except for stress. Conclusion. A number of trends found in this study are consistent with earlier work. Industry type and size both predict worksite supports similar to previous studies. Other findings that appear to contradict previous work, including the relatively low level of support observed in this sample, can be explained by the comprehensive nature of the instrument. Overall, these findings demonstrate the utility of HeartCheck.
Intraclass Correlation for Measures from a Worksite Health Promotion Study: Estimates, Correlates, and Applications
Authors: Martinson Brian C. , Murray David M. , Jeffery Robert W. , Hennrikus Deborah J. 
Published: December 2011

Objectives. Investigators planning studies employing group-randomized designs need good estimates of the extra variation introduced as a result of correlated observations within units of assignment. We report intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for a wide range of outcomes commonly employed in worksite studies and demonstrate analysis methods that can limit their deleterious impact. Methods. A sample of 11, 711 employees of 24 firms recruited from the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area completed a mailed survey in the SUCCESS study, reporting on a broad array of outcomes. Applying mixed-model regression, we provide both crude and adjusted estimates of ICCs for 27 outcomes. Results. The crude ICCs were generally small, with a mean of .0163 and values ranging from 0 to .0650. Adjustment for demographics reduced the ICCs for 25 of the 27 outcomes, and adjustment for additional individual-level covariates further reduced the ICCs for 23 of the 27 outcomes. Conclusions. Our results suggest that worksite-level ICCs for a variety of outcomes are generally small and can generally be reduced by adjustment for individual-level characteristics. Incorporating this information in planning worksite studies can improve sample size calculations to avoid underpowered studies.
Health Promotion Programs in Small Worksites: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Wilson Mark G. , DeJoy David M. , Jorgensen Cynthia M. , Crump Christy J. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. This study documents the prevalence of workplace health promotion activities at small worksites with 15 to 99 employees. Design. A random sample of U.S. worksites stratified by size and industry (n = 3628) was drawn using American Business Lists. Measures. Each worksite was surveyed using a computer-assisted telephone interview system to document activities related to health promotion and related programs, worksite policies regarding health and safety, health insurance, and philanthropic activities. Subjects. Participation varied by industry and size, with an overall response rate for eligible worksites of 78% for a total sample of 2680 worksites. Data Analysis. Data were analyzed using SUDAAN statistical software. Results. Approximately 25 % of worksites with 15 to 99 employees offered health promotion programs to their employees, compared with 44% of worksites with 100+ employees. As with the larger worksites, the most common programs for worksites with 15 to 99 employees were those related to occupational safety and health, back injury prevention, and CPR. The majority of worksites in both size categories had alcohol, illegal drug, smoking, and occupant protection policies. The majority of both small and large worksites also offered group health insurance to their employees (92% and 98%, respectively), with many of the worksites also extending benefits to family members and dependents (approximately 80% for both business sizes). Conclusions. The results indicated that small worksites are providing programs to their employees, with a primary focus on job-related hazards. Small worksites also have formal policies regarding alcohol, drug use, smoking, and seatbelt use and offer health insurance to their employees at a rate only slightly lower than that of large worksites.
The Evaluation of CFIP Lumina in RoF Networks
Authors: Bogdanovs A. , Porins J. 
Published: December 2011

ROF systems become a significant part of modern telecommunication industry, therefore separate product estimation become more required. CFIP Lumina produced by join-stock Company “SAF Tehnika” is one of the new products in this telecommunication field and needs to be analyzed regarding to potential customer needs. CFIP Lumina is flexible product with a lot of potential and lot of features and definitely is one of interesting product in self kind. Ill. 11, bibl. 6, tabl. 3 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.108.2.137
Model for Wireless Base Station Goodput Evaluation in Vehicular Communication Systems
Authors: Ipatovs A. , Petersons E. , Jansons J. 
Published: December 2011

In this paper we present the model of wireless base station goodput evaluation. There was used access point model as queuing system with different kind of requests and cycling auto traffic model. Wireless mobile networks have different parameters, such as client stations distance to access point, number of clients in wireless network range, vehicle speed and traffic type. These parameters were analyzed and presented in this paper. Ill. 5, bibl. 17 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.111.5.348