bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between floral color change and gender transition in the protandrous weed Saponaria officinalis
Authors: JABBARI SHABNAM G. , DAVIS SANDRA L. , CARTER EMILY J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNatural selection has directed the evolution of floral traits so that pollinator visits are manipulated to maximize the fitness of individual plants by directing which other individual sires its seeds. In some plants, flowers change color over time and may have the ability to direct pollinators to rewarding flowers. In addition, by varying when pollen is available and when stigmas are receptive, protandrous plants can show variation in selfing rates. In this study, the association between color change and gender transition in flowers of Saponaria officinalis was examined. Anthocyanins were extracted from flowers of each gender stage to measure color using spectrophotometry. Female‐phase flowers were found to have significantly higher anthocyanin concentration than male‐phase flowers in both natural populations and experimental plots. This color change corresponded to a decrease in male sexual function, which was measured by the percentage of pollen grains stained as viable by lactophenol aniline blue and germinated on Brewbaker–Kwack media. Color change was phenotypically plastic. Plants grown in full sun had a more extensive color change than those grown in shaded experimental plots, and this effect was reversed the following year when the shading was removed. Pollinator observations documented both diurnal and nocturnal insect visitation. Fruit and seed set were equivalent on inflorescences bagged during daylight versus night, indicating that both diurnal and nocturnal insects are effective pollinators. If pollinators discriminate based on color, this could potentially reduce within‐plant floral visits and also geitonogamy. This study is the first to document flower color change and moth pollination in Saponaria officinalis.
Topographic effects on fine‐scale spatial genetic structure in Castanopsis chinensis Hance (Fagaceae)
Authors: HE JIAN , LI XIAOYI , GAO DANDAN , ZHU PENG , WANG ZHENGFENG , WANG ZHANGMING , YE WANHUI , CAO HONGLIN 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEcological study plots are usually treated as if they are flat. This does not hold for many situations such as mountains where topography is complex. In areas with complex topography individual relationships are not only determined by projection distance, but also by surface distance. To demonstrate this we compared projection and surface distances by analyzing spatial genetic autocorrelation for Castanopsis chinensis in two subplots (A and B) in the Dinghushan (DHS) national nature reserve in subtropical South China. We observed that the two types of distances generally result in similar fine‐scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) patterning for the spatially less structured subplot B, but not for the highly structured subplot A. The present study shows clearly that accounting for plot architecture in plant species on topographically complex areas enables a more accurate picture of the underlying spatial genetic structure to emerge.
Clinical value of whole body fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the detection of metastatic bladder cancer
Authors: Yang Zhongyi , Pan Lingling , Cheng Jingyi , Hu Silong , Xu Junyan , Ye Dingwei , Zhang Yingjian 
Published: March 2012

Objectives:  To investigate the value of whole‐body fluorine‐18 2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for the detection of metastatic bladder cancer.Methods:  From December 2006 to August 2010, 60 bladder cancer patients (median age 60.5 years old, range 32–96) underwent whole body positron emission tomography/computed tomography positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The diagnostic accuracy was assessed by performing both organ‐based and patient‐based analyses. Identified lesions were further studied by biopsy or clinically followed for at least 6 months.Results:  One hundred and thirty‐four suspicious lesions were identified. Among them, 4 primary cancers (2 pancreatic cancers, 1 colonic and 1 nasopharyngeal cancer) were incidentally detected, and the patients could be treated on time. For the remaining 130 lesions, positron emission tomography/computed tomography detected 118 true positive lesions (sensitivity = 95.9%). On the patient‐based analysis, the overall sensitivity and specificity resulted to be 87.1% and 89.7%, respectively. There was no difference of sensitivity and specificity in patients with or without adjuvant treatment in terms of detection of metastatic sites by positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Compared with conventional imaging modality, positron emission tomography/computed tomography correctly changed the management in 15 patients (25.0%).Conclusions:  Positron emission tomography/computed tomography has excellent sensitivity and specificity in the detection of metastatic bladder cancer and it provides additional diagnostic information compared to standard imaging techniques.
Spontaneous rupture of the dividing membrane in a monochorionic pregnancy resulting in a pseudo‐monoamniotic pregnancy with cord entanglement
Authors: Lee Kyung Ju , Kim Mi Kyoung , Lee Seo Young , Lee Woo Sik , Lee Yoon Hee 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDuring pregnancy spontaneous rupture of the dividing membrane of monochorionic diamniotic twins is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose prenatally. We report a case of pseudo‐monoamniotic twins derived from monochorionic diamniotic twin gestation. A 37‐year‐old woman pregnant with monochorionic diamniotic twins initially confirmed by the first trimester ultrasonography, was suspected to have a dividing membrane not visualized on ultrasound examinations at 27 gestational weeks. The woman did not undergo any invasive procedure during pregnancy and did not have notable symptoms. We considered the possibility of spontaneous rupture of the dividing membrane and cord entanglement, and managed the rest of her gestational period as a monoamniotic twin gestation. Concordantly grown healthy male babies were born at 35 weeks and 1 day by elective cesarean section. The mother had complex entangled umbilical cords and a small trace of amniotic membrane in the placenta.
Posterior urethral valves and adult sexual function
Authors: Taskinen Seppo , Heikkilä Jukka , Santtila Pekka , Rintala Risto 
Published: March 2012

Study Type – Prognosis (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Potential risk factors for erectile dysfunction or infertility in patients treated for PUV include chronic renal failure, abnormal prostatic urethra, history of cryptorchidism and recurrent epididymo‐orchitis. Sexual or fertility problems have been reported in patients with PUV.This is the largest published study to evaluate systematically sexual function in patients with PUV. In this study, the sexual function and paternity rates were similar to those in a healthy control population.OBJECTIVES
To evaluate sexual function and fertility in adult patients treated for posterior urethral valves (PUV) in childhood and to compare these patients with the normal population.
To examine if patient characteristics such as chronic renal failure (CRF), history of cryptorchidism and bladder neck incision in childhood have an impact on sexual function.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Information on sexual function was assessed using questions from the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). In addition, the patients were asked if they had had children or been treated for CRF.
Out of 108 adult patients with PUV, 67 (62%) returned the questionnaires.
Sexual function in these patients was compared with 201 controls and paternity rates were compared with a national database.
RESULTS
The mean (sd) age of the patients and controls was 38 (9) and 38 (7) years, respectively.
Six percent of the patients and 9% of the controls reported problems in achieving erection during sexual stimulation and 9% of the patients and 10% of the controls reported problems with the hardness of erection (P= nonsignificant). Ejaculation was absent in 1/61 sexually active patients (2%).
The only significant risk factor in patients for erectile dysfunction (ED) was increasing age.
Thirty‐three (49%) of all 67 patients and four (57%) of the seven patients with kidney transplantation had had children. The paternity rates were similar to those in corresponding age groups of the general Finnish population. Eight patients (12%) had attempted to have children without success.
CONCLUSIONS
Men treated for PUV have a similar prevalence of ED and similar paternity rates to men without PUV.
Erectile function and paternity rates can be satisfactory in spite of CRF.
Efficacy and safety of avanafil for treating erectile dysfunction: results of a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Chen , Kim Sae Woong , Yang Dae Yul , Kim Je Jong , Park Nam Cheol , Lee Sung Won , Paick Jae Seung , Ahn Tai Young , Moon Ki Hak , Chung Woo Sik , Min Kweon Sik , Suh Jun‐Kyu , Hyun Jae Seog , Park Kwangsung , Park Jong Kwan 
Published: March 2012

Study Type – Therapy (RCT)Level of Evidence 1bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Avanafil is a potent selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor newly developed for treating erectile dysfunction (ED). Preclinical and clinical phase I studies showed that avanafil had enhanced selectivity, faster onset of action and a favourable side‐effect profile relative to currently available PDE5 inhibitors.As the result of phase III clinical trial for the efficacy and safety of avanafil treatment (100 and 200 mg), taken as needed over a period of 12 weeks, in Korean patients with ED, avanafil is an effective and well‐tolerated therapy for ED of broad‐spectrum aetiology and severity.OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of avanafil, a new potent selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The present study was a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, fix‐dosed phase three clinical trial involving 200 patients with ED.
The subjects were treated with placebo or avanafil (100 or 200 mg) for 12 weeks and were asked to complete the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) diary, and the Global Assessment Questionnaire (GAQ).
The primary outcome variable was the change from baseline for IIEF erectile function domain (EFD) score.
The secondary outcome variables were SEP Q2 and Q3, the shift to normal rate (EFD ≥ 26), and response to the GAQ.
RESULTS
Compared with placebo, patients who took 100 or 200 mg of avanafil had significantly improved IIEF‐EFD score.
There were similar results when comparing Q2 and Q3 in the SEP diary and the GAQ.
Flushing was the most common treatment‐related adverse event.
Most adverse events were transient and mild or moderate in severity.
CONCLUSION
Avanafil is an effective and well‐tolerated therapy for ED of broad‐spectrum aetiology and severity.
Suicide risk assessment practices: A national survey of generalist drug and alcohol residential rehabilitation services
Authors: ROSS JOANNE , DARKE SHANE , KELLY ERIN , HETHERINGTON KATE 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Clients of drug and alcohol treatment services represent a high‐risk group for attempted and completed suicide. The current study sought to examine suicide risk assessment practices in Australian generalist residential rehabilitation services.Design and Methods. Semistructured interviews were conducted with managers of residential rehabilitation services and with volunteers from staff responsible for the case management/treatment of clients.Results. Ninety per cent of services participated. In total, 64 managers and 142 staff were interviewed. One‐third of services had no documented policy for the assessment and management of suicide risk, and one‐quarter of staff had never received formal training in risk assessment. In more than one‐third of agencies staff were not expected to use a structured suicide risk assessment tool when assessing a client's acute risk. To varying degrees agencies were gathering information about psychiatric comorbidity, but this information did not appear to be routinely integrated into the client's suicide risk assessment.Discussion and Conclusions. The development of clearly documented polices, standardised assessment tools and the provision of annual training for all staff would help to address some of the gaps identified in current practice.[Ross J, Darke S, Kelly E, Hetherington K. Suicide risk assessment practices: A national survey of generalist drug and alcohol residential rehabilitation services. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:790–796]
Vermin, Victims and Disease: UK Framings of Badgers In and Beyond the Bovine TB Controversy
Authors: Cassidy Angela 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe question of whether to cull wild badgers in order to control the spread of bovine TB (bTB) in UK cattle herds has been deeply contentious for nearly 40 years, and still shows no sign of resolution. This paper will examine the strategic framing of badgers in recent debates over bTB in the UK media, which take two opposing forms: the ‘good badger’ as epitomised in Kenneth Grahame's children's novel ‘The Wind in the Willows’; and the less familiar ‘bad badger’: carnivore, digger, and carrier of disease. It will then uncover the deeper historical and cultural roots of these representations, to argue that underlying the contemporary ‘badger/bTB’ controversy is an older ‘badger debate’ about the proper relationship between these wild animals and humans. Finally, the implications of this finding for current debates over bTB policy will be explored.
GHG Targets asInsuranceAgainstCatastrophicClimateDamages
Authors: WEITZMAN MARTIN L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe climate system is an angry beast and we are poking it with sticks†.A critical issue in climate change economics is the specification of the so‐called “damages function” and its interaction with the unknown uncertainty of catastrophic outcomes. This paper asks how much we might be misled by our economic assessment of climate change when we employ a conventional quadratic damages function and/or a thin‐tailed probability distribution for extreme temperatures. The paper gives some numerical examples of the indirect value of various greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration targets as insurance against catastrophic climate change temperatures and damages. These numerical exercises suggest that we might be underestimating considerably the welfare losses from uncertainty by using a quadratic damages function and/or a thin‐tailed temperature distribution. In these examples, the primary reason for keeping GHG levels down is to insure against high‐temperature catastrophic climate risks.
Ecological Intuition versus Economic “Reason”
Authors: GUÉANT OLIVIER , GUESNERIE ROGER , LASRY JEAN‐MICHEL 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper discusses the discount rate to be used in projects aimed at preserving the environment. The model has two different goods: one is the usual consumption good whose production may increase exponentially, and the other is an environmental good whose quality remains limited. The stylized world we describe is fully determined by four parameters, reflecting basic preferences, “ecological” and intergenerational concerns, and feasibility constraints. We define an ecological discount rate and examine its connections with the usual interest rate and the optimized growth rate. We discuss, in this simple world, different forms of the precautionary principle.
SCIENCE AS SALVATION: GEORGE LAKOFF AND STEVEN PINKER AS SECULAR POLITICAL THEOLOGIANS
Authors: RASMUSSON ARNE 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article critically analyzes two leading cognitive scientists, George Lakoff and Steven Pinker, as competing secular political “theologians”. The idea of Science as savior is at the heart of the set of stories modernity tells about itself. The modern world, it is assumed, has left the age of religion and reached the age of Science. Lakoff and Pinker, who advocate opposing moral and political worldviews, make their claims on the basis of their scientific work, but it is implicit narratives and ontologies that give force to their broader views about morality and politics.
SOURCES AS CANONS: THE QUESTION OF CANONICAL COHERENCE
Authors: LONG D. STEPHEN 
Published: March 2012

Abstract“Canonical coherence” is necessary for reading, hearing and interpreting any text. It is not only something for which a theological interpreter of Scripture should aim, but also something that every interpreter of Scripture assumes. Irenaeus recognized that sources function as canons authorizing diverse readings. This essay assumes the truth of his Source and reads it against other sources by which biblical scholars and theologians interpret Scripture. It uses Hebrews 4: 14‐16 to examine the “Source” found in Gnostic, anti‐Platonic and Apocalyptic orderings of the Bible.
THE LITERAL SENSE OF SCRIPTURE ACCORDING TO HENRI DE LUBAC: INSIGHTS FROM PATRISTIC EXEGESIS OF THE TRANSFIGURATION
Authors: WRIGHT IV WILLIAM M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis essay explicates Henri de Lubac's account of Scripture's literal sense as illumined by three patristic interpretations of the Transfiguration. Origen's exegesis highlights de Lubac's deployment of the Incarnational analogy in which history contains, veils, and discloses divine mystery. Similar to Jerome, de Lubac distinguishes the realities of biblical history (as revelatory loci) from their textual articulation. Augustine illustrates the hermeneutical influence of the interpreter's presupposed account of history, to which de Lubac, following Blondel, attributes great importance in approaching the biblical letter. De Lubac's account of the literal sense is thoroughly theological and an underexplored resource for thinking about this topic.
KARL BARTH AND ISLAM
Authors: CHESTNUTT GLENN A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractKarl Barth comments briefly, sporadically and polemically on Islam as a false religion. He views it as a threat to Christendom, using it as a cipher for National Socialism, as an example of absolute monotheism, and finally as a “paganised” form of rabbinic Judaism. But an examination and critique of Barth's understanding of Judaism, which is central to his understanding of Islam, recognises the interdependency of Church and Synagogue for Barth. This article argues that this mutual dependency should also be extended to include Islam. While Barth never developed a theology of Islam per se, this new understanding gives his theology the potential to be of use to the new encounter between Christianity and Islam.
DIGGING IT: ON UNDERSTANDING THEOLOGY AS BRICKLAYING
Authors: MUERS RACHEL 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe connections Stanley Hauerwas draws between his theological work and the craft of bricklaying, which he learned from his father, invites comparison with Seamus Heaney's depiction of poetry as digging. Both men understand their task of writing as hard and precise labour that pays close attention to given materials and that honours the complexities of the past. I consider how the characterisation of theology as bricklaying‐like work, integral to Hauerwas’ professional and personal self‐understanding, may shape his theological approaches and priorities, and ask how this might contrast with other possible approaches formed from other historical contexts.
At the bottom of a global commodity chain––how different really are hourly wage rates and piece rates?
Authors: Chand Anand 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTEmployers have a number of different ways in which they can pay their employees. Discussions of the forms of wage payment were once very fashionable and they still remain important in terms of practice, but in theoretical terms, they have disappeared from the radar and been less central to recent analysis of work. On the surface, without any theoretical analysis and primarily empirical evidence, it appears that there is a major difference between ‘time wage’ rate and ‘piece wage’ rate. This article via Marxist theoretical analysis and primarily empirical evidence from Australian, New Zealand, Chinese and Fiji garment firms argued that there is a high level of similarity between time rate and piece rate. The empirical research findings of the Fiji garment industry shows that a time rate is not really much different from a piece rate, and in fact, a time rate is a disguised form of piece rate because workers are required to meet their targets per hour via very close monitoring of output and performance. The article further argued that there exist greater work intensification and exploitation via strict management control systems such as close supervision and punitive factory rules. The article also highlighted some of the limitations of existing social science theories because they can not account for what is going on garment firms in Fiji (especially Chinese firms). The article argues that we must either expand the earlier social science theories or move beyond and developed new theories to fully capture the new emerging trends of contemporary capitalist global production system.
Therapeutic efficiency of everolimus and lapatinib in xenograft model of human colorectal carcinoma with KRAS mutation
Authors: Chu Céline , Noël‐Hudson Marie‐Sophie , Boige Valérie , Goéré Diane , Marion Sylvie , Polrot Mélanie , Bigot Ludovic , Gonin Patrick , Farinotti Robert , Bonhomme‐Faivre Laurence 
Published: March 2012

AbstractKRAS mutation is a negative predictive prognostic factor during metastatic colorectal cancer treatment with antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibodies. For affected patients, new therapeutics must be explored. Our objective was to study efficacy of two drugs with different mechanisms of action, everolimus (mTOR inhibitor) and lapatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor), in a mouse xenograft model. We chose a model obtained after engraftment of a tumor originating from a human tumor collection. The patient was affected by a metastasis colorectal carcinoma resistant to cetuximab with KRAS mutation. From a previous study in mice, we know that everolimus is a P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) substrate and that a lapatinib pretreatment increases significantly (2.6‐fold) everolimus AUC by inhibiting its intestinal P‐gp efflux. We hence tested the effect of these drugs alone or combined. Mice bearing the xenografts were divided in four groups: control, lapatinib, everolimus, and L/E group (L/E: 2 days of lapatinib 200 mg/kg and then 3 days of everolimus 1 mg/kg). Tumor volumes and treatment toxicities were evaluated. Sixteen days after treatment initiation, the group L/E was the first one in which tumor volume average was significantly lower than the one of control group (193 ± 90 vs. 395 ± 171 mm3; P = 0.0025). After 4 weeks of treatment, inhibition of tumor growth in lapatinib, everolimus, and L/E groups reached, respectively, 49, 53, and 57%. Each drug showed significant antitumor activity. Only moderate hematologic toxicity signs were observed. These results lead to new perspectives for new oral drugs in metastatic KRAS‐mutated colorectal cancer resistant to standard chemotherapy.