bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying direct and indirect effects of early‐season herbivory on reproduction across four brassicaceous plant species
Authors: Mertens Daan , Douma Jacob C. , Kamps Bram B. J. , Zhu Yunsheng , Zwartsenberg Sophie A. , Poelman Erik H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Insect herbivores can directly affect plant reproduction by feeding on reproductive tissues, or indirectly by feeding on vegetative tissues for which plants are unable to compensate. Additionally, early arriving herbivores may have cascading effects on plant reproduction by altering the later arriving community. However, the dynamic interplay between plant development and the assembly of herbivore communities remains underexplored. Hence, it is unclear whether non‐outbreak levels of ambient herbivory early in the development of plants can impact plant fitness and to what extent these effects are mediated through changes in plant development and subsequent herbivory.

By excluding the herbivore community in an exclosure experiment and by manipulating early‐season herbivory in a common garden field experiment replicated across four Brassicaceae species and 2 years, we tested whether early‐season herbivory by caterpillars (Pieris rapae) or aphids (Myzus persicae) affected development, reproduction, and the herbivore communities associated with individual plants. In addition, we tested a causal hypothesis to assess the relative importance and temporal interplay between variation in herbivore communities and variation in plant development in determining plant reproduction.

Early‐season herbivory affected plant reproduction in the exclosure experiment, with effects being highly dependent on the plant species, the herbivore species and the year. However, we found no such effects in the field experiment. The exploratory path analysis indicated that variation in plant reproduction is best predicted by variation in plant development, explaining 80% of the total effect on seed production. This suggests early‐season herbivory had limited effects on later plant development, and plants were able to attenuate the impact of early‐season herbivory. However, no clear compensatory mechanism could be identified.

While early‐season herbivory has the potential to affect plant reproduction through changes in plant development or the subsequent development of the associated community, these effects were small and varied across closely related species. This suggests that plant species may be exposed to different levels of natural selection by early‐season herbivores through plant‐ or community‐mediated effects on reproduction.

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The great tit HapMap project: A continental‐scale analysis of genomic variation in a songbird
Authors: Spurgin Lewis G. , Bosse Mirte , Adriaensen Frank , Albayrak Tamer , Barboutis Christos , Belda Eduardo , Bushuev Andrey , Cecere Jacopo G. , Charmantier Anne , Cichon Mariusz , Dingemanse Niels J. , Doligez Blandine , Eeva Tapio , Erikstad Kjell Einar , Fedorov Vyacheslav , Griggio Matteo , Heylen Dieter , Hille Sabine , Hinde Camilla A. , Ivankina Elena , Kempenaers Bart , Kerimov Anvar , Krist Milos , Kvist Laura , Laine Veronika N. , Mänd Raivo , Matthysen Erik , Nager Ruedi , Nikolov Boris P. , Norte Ana Claudia , Orell Markku , Ouyang Jenny , Petrova‐Dinkova Gergana , Richner Heinz , Rubolini Diego , Slagsvold Tore , Tilgar Vallo , Török János , Tschirren Barbara , Vágási Csongor I. , Yuta Teru , Groenen Martien A. M. , Visser Marcel E. , van Oers Kees , Sheldon Ben C. , Slate Jon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA major aim of evolutionary biology is to understand why patterns of genomic diversity vary within taxa and space. Large‐scale genomic studies of widespread species are useful for studying how environment and demography shape patterns of genomic divergence. Here, we describe one of the most geographically comprehensive surveys of genomic variation in a wild vertebrate to date; the great tit (Parus major) HapMap project. We screened ca 500,000 SNP markers across 647 individuals from 29 populations, spanning ~30 degrees of latitude and 40 degrees of longitude – almost the entire geographical range of the European subspecies. Genome‐wide variation was consistent with a recent colonisation across Europe from a South‐East European refugium, with bottlenecks and reduced genetic diversity in island populations. Differentiation across the genome was highly heterogeneous, with clear ‘islands of differentiation’, even among populations with very low levels of genome‐wide differentiation. Low local recombination rates were a strong predictor of high local genomic differentiation (FST), especially in island and peripheral mainland populations, suggesting that the interplay between genetic drift and recombination causes highly heterogeneous differentiation landscapes. We also detected genomic outlier regions that were confined to one or more peripheral great tit populations, probably as a result of recent directional selection at the species' range edges. Haplotype‐based measures of selection were related to recombination rate, albeit less strongly, and highlighted population‐specific sweeps that likely resulted from positive selection. Our study highlights how comprehensive screens of genomic variation in wild organisms can provide unique insights into spatio‐temporal evolutionary dynamics.
The impact of organisation capital on inventory efficiency
Authors: Li Tongxia , Lu Chun , Xu Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examines the influence of organisation capital on inventory efficiency. While the importance of human capital in enhancing operational efficiency is widely recognised, the effect of organisation capital has not been well documented in existing research. Our findings reveal a positive effect of organisation capital on inventory efficiency. We also identify underlying mechanisms that contribute to the positive impact of organisation capital on inventory efficiency. These include increased innovation, improved employee orientation and reduced financial constraints. Furthermore, our analysis shows that organisation capital strengthens the positive relation between inventory efficiency and firm performance.
Longer light‐curing time decreases the effect of ageing on composite resin hardness used in root reinforcement
Authors: Teixeira Cleonice da Silveira , Vitali Filipe Colombo , Bortoluzzi Eduardo Antunes , Garcia Lucas da Fonseca Roberti 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the hardness of a composite resin used for root reinforcement, considering the light‐curing time, root canal region and ageing due to long‐term storage. Twenty incisor roots were reinforced using composite resin, varying the photopolymerisation time (40 or 120 s). Following fibre post cementation, the roots were transversely sectioned into coronal, middle and apical regions. Composite hardness was measured initially and after 18 months of water storage. Data underwent repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests. The factors ‘light‐curing time’, ‘root region’ and ‘ageing’ affected the hardness. Significant interactions were observed between ‘light‐curing time × root region’ and ‘ageing × light‐curing time’. Regardless of time, resin hardness in the apical region was lower. After ageing, hardness in the coronal and middle regions decreased when the light‐curing time was 40 s, while no significant effect on hardness was noted with a light‐curing time of 120 s.
The key to organizational democracy and corporate sustainability?—The role of employee shareholder associations in German listed companies
Authors: Steger Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEmployee shareholder associations (ESAs) have emerged as a novel, and widely underestimated actor in the European corporate arena, established to collect and pool the shares and voting power held by a company's employees. As such, they parallel existing institutions for employee representation, potentially empowering employees in their role as shareholders and possibly even providing a counterweight to traditional company owners. Unfortunately, we know little about the actual functioning, the inner workings, and, particularly, the ESAs' contributions to date. To address these shortcomings this paper explores the limitations but also the potential of ESAs in large, German listed companies to contribute to employee share ownership (ESO), to organizational democracy (OD), and to corporate sustainability (CS). Our findings show that, as far as ESOs and OD are concerned, in the specific German context, ESAs usually do not offer alternatives to (or even to compete with) existing employee representation but are instead rather dependent on cooperation with them. Regarding CS, any contribution here is closely linked to the ESAs' own principles and depends on the extent to which the ESA management takes them seriously and prioritizes them over other objectives.
The acute effect of exercise on the endothelial glycocalyx in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Saz‐Lara Alicia , Cavero‐Redondo Iván , del Saz‐Lara Andrea , Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez Eva , Bizzozero‐Peroni Bruno , Pascual‐Morena Carlos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, it has been demonstrated that when the endothelial glycocalyx, composed of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins, is altered or modified, this property is lost, playing a fundamental role in cardiovascular pathologies. Cardiovascular risk factors can destroy the endothelial glycocalyx layer. Exercise has a positive effect on cardiovascular risk factors, but little is known about its direct effect on the integrity of the endothelial layer.MethodsThe Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched from their inception to June 30, 2022. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute pooled effect size estimates and their respective 95% confidence intervals for the acute effect of exercise (within 24 h) on the endothelial glycocalyx and its components in healthy adults.ResultsTen studies were included in the meta‐analysis, with a total of 252 healthy subjects. The types of exercise included were resistance training, interval training, resistance training and maximal incremental exercise, with a duration range of 30–60 min. Glycocalyx assessment times included ranged from 0 to 90 min post‐exercise. Our findings showed that endothelial glycocalyx increases after acute effect of exercise in healthy population (.56, 95% CI: .38, .74). The acute effect of exercise on endothelial glycocalyx components were .47 (95% CIs: .27, .67) for glycosaminoglycans, .67 (95% CIs: .08, 1.26) for proteoglycans and .61 (95% CIs: .35, .86) for glycoproteins.ConclusionsIn a healthy population, various types of exercise showed an acute improvement of the endothelial glycocalyx and its individual components.
Effect of the host plant on the life history, behaviour and fungal community of a fungus‐farming ambrosia beetle
Authors: Melet Antoine , Biedermann Peter H. W. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Although there are benefits to being a generalist, the majority of herbivorous insects are diet specialists. This raises the question whether the ability to reproduce on various host plants hides an unknown ecological optimum. Our study investigated the existence of such an ecological optimum in the fungus‐farming ambrosia beetle, Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
We hypothesised that X. saxesenii may exhibit higher fitness in specific hosts that are particularly abundant in their respective regions. To test this hypothesis, we bred X. saxesenii from a broadleaved forest population in semi‐artificial media mimicking either a coniferous or a broadleaved host‐tree species. As trade‐offs between different traits can occur, we examined various aspects of the life history, social behaviour and fungal symbionts of X. saxesenii.
We found that dispersing females did not exhibit any preference, and that the host tree did not have any impact on life history parameters or larval and adult behaviours. The fungal community associated with the species was made up of identical fungal species, albeit with different relative abundances between host trees. Our findings indicate that X. saxesenii does not exhibit a specific adaptation to the most abundant host trees in its native habitat. However, we identified significant effects of laboratory breeding on life history traits, social behaviour and adult dispersal.
This generalism in host use in combination with inbreeding mating system may be the main drivers of the invasion success of the Eurasian X. saxesenii, which is currently among the most prevalent and widely distributed ambrosia beetle species worldwide.
Subchondral cystic lesions of distal phalanx in young and mature horses: A new surgical option
Authors: Ravanetti Paolo , Zucca Enrica 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe outcome of conservative treatment for subchondral cystic lesions (SCLs) of the distal phalanx may be poor, and surgical approach through the hoof may be challenging.ObjectivesTo describe the use of an absorbable device to treat SCLs of the distal phalanx, regardless of cyst location, that eliminates lameness and stimulates bone healing in both young and mature horses.Study designClinical case series.MethodsFive young horses and five mature horses presented with an SCL of the distal phalanx causing lameness. Only rest and medical treatment were previously attempted. An absorbable screw was inserted in all horses after transcortical debridement of the SCL. Follow‐up data were obtained from the official electronic database.ResultsAll horses returned to athletic activity after surgical treatment. In two patients, surgical complication was recorded.Main limitationsThe low number of patients, the need for dedicated instruments and the lack of familiarity with the use of absorbable devices to perform surgical procedures.ConclusionsThe insertion of an absorbable device can be considered a valid surgical option for treating subchondral cystic lesions of the distal phalanx.
Enhanced rock weathering increased soil phosphorus availability and altered root phosphorus‐acquisition strategies
Authors: Bi Boyuan , Li Guochen , Goll Daniel S. , Lin Luxiang , Chen Hui , Xu Tongtong , Chen Qiong , Li Chenlu , Wang Xing , Hao Zhanqing , Fang Yunting , Yuan Zuoqiang , Lambers Hans 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnhanced rock weathering (ERW) has been proposed as a measure to enhance the carbon (C)‐sequestration potential and fertility of soils. The effects of this practice on the soil phosphorus (P) pools and the general mechanisms affecting microbial P cycling, as well as plant P uptake are not well understood. Here, the impact of ERW on soil P availability and microbial P cycling functional groups and root P‐acquisition traits were explored through a 2‐year wollastonite field addition experiment in a tropical rubber plantation. The results show that ERW significantly increased soil microbial carbon‐use efficiency and total P concentrations and indirectly increased soil P availability by enhancing organic P mobilization and mineralization of rhizosheath carboxylates and phosphatase, respectively. Also, ERW stimulated the activities of P‐solubilizing (gcd, ppa and ppx) and mineralizing enzymes (phoADN and phnAPHLFXIM), thus contributing to the inorganic P solubilization and organic P mineralization. Accompanying the increase in soil P availability, the P‐acquisition strategy of the rubber fine roots changed from do‐it‐yourself acquisition by roots to dependence on mycorrhizal collaboration and the release of root exudates. In addition, the direct effects of ERW on root P‐acquisition traits (such as root diameter, specific root length, and mycorrhizal colonization rate) may also be related to changes in the pattern of belowground carbon investments in plants. Our study provides a new insight that ERW increases carbon‐sequestration potential and P availability in tropical forests and profoundly affects belowground plant resource‐use strategies.
PPIE in a technical research study: Using public involvement to refine the concept and understanding and move towards a multidimensional concept of disability
Authors: Lammons William , Nobility Lucky , Markham Sarah , Saloniki Eirini‐Christina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDisability is often an essentialised and oversimplified concept. We propose refining this while incorporating the multidimensional nature of disability by increasing the use of existing survey questions and their corresponding data to enrich, broaden and inform understandings of disability.MethodsWe combined patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) with focus groups and concept mapping to collaboratively map disability survey questions into conceptual models of disability with six members of the public with lived experiences of disability.ResultsUsing reflexive thematic analysis, we identified three qualitative themes and eight subthemes through a series of four PPIE activities: (1) understanding concepts of disability based on individual experience, subthemes: 1.1—preference for the biopsychosocial model, 1.2—‘Reviewing’ instead of mapping survey questions and 1.3—comparing questions to real life; (2) consistency between understanding needs and implementing adjustments, subthemes: 2.1—connecting preparation and operation, 2.2—inclusivity and adjustments in activities and 2.3—feedback for improving activities and (3) real‐world applications—targeted awareness raising, subthemes: 3.1—who, where, what and how to share activity findings and results, 3.2—sharing with human resource and equality, diversity and inclusion professionals.ConclusionMembers of the public who collaborated in these activities felt empowered, engaged and supported throughout this study. This approach offers a model for other researchers to cede power to the public over the research aspects typically reserved for researchers.Patient or Public ContributionWe involved members of the public with lived experience throughout this study—co‐design, co‐facilitation, collaboratively mapping the disability or disability‐related survey questions into conceptual models of disability, evaluation of the activities, co‐analysis and co‐authorship.
Mpox in people with HIV: A narrative review
Authors: Nakamura Hideta , Yamamoto Kazuko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe 2022 global mpox outbreak disproportionately impacted people living with HIV. This review explores recent evidence on mpox in this group, focusing on clinical presentation, complications, treatment modalities and vaccine strategies.Recent findingsRecent studies have suggested that people with HIV diagnosed with mpox have a greater risk of proctitis and hospitalization compared with people without HIV. In addition, those with advanced immunosuppression face an elevated risk of severe mpox infection, which can lead to mortality. Comprehensive and prompt supportive care using antiretrovirals and mpox antivirals is crucial in this group. Although results from randomized clinical trials are still forthcoming, recent studies suggest that early initiation of tecovirimat can prevent disease progression in people with HIV. The non‐replicative attenuated smallpox vaccine is well tolerated and effective in preventing monkeypox virus infections in people with HIV. Further studies are needed regarding long‐term vaccine effectiveness for this population.ConclusionEvaluating the risk of severe mpox in people living with HIV requires assessing the level of immune suppression and viral control. Universal access to vaccination is imperative to prevent the resurgence of future outbreaks.
Dry grasslands in urban areas can harbour arthropod species of local conservation concern and should be prioritised for biodiversity‐friendly mowing regimes
Authors: Bauer Tobias , Höfer Hubert , Schirmel Jens 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Although urbanisation is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, its effect on particular invertebrate groups remains ambiguous on local and landscape scales.
We aimed to analyse the effect of urban grassland management on spiders (Araneae) and carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae), as well as other local and landscape parameters. We investigated 27 grasslands of two different management intensities (‘extensive’: one to two late cuts with removal of biomass [n = 18]; ‘intensive’: three to five mulching cuts [n = 9]) in the city of Karlsruhe, Germany. Pitfall trapping and sweep netting were performed to sample carabids and spiders.
Results indicate that urban grasslands in Karlsruhe are inhabited by species‐rich assemblages, including several species of conservation concern (cc). Latter remain mostly restricted to dry grassland. The number of total specimens and of those belonging to species of cc were negatively affected by intensive management. The number of specimens of species of cc further decreased with increasing humidity and in spiders, additionally, by vegetation height. Landscape factors had limited effects, and only isolation of meadows negatively influenced the species richness of carabids (total and of species of cc).
Our results demonstrate that conservation of dry grasslands in urban areas is crucial for sustaining local arthropod communities. Dry urban grassland may also act as a refugium for species of cc and mitigate the global insect crisis on a local and regional scale. In conclusion, biodiversity‐friendly mowing regimes should be applied on a broader scale in urban areas and target especially dry grassland plots. In addition, increasing connectivity and permeability of the urban matrix assist the colonisation by species of cc.
Casein hydrolysates produced via sequential enzymatic hydrolysis: characterisation and their effect on calcium uptake by Caco‐2 cell line
Authors: Chew Lye Yee , Toh Gaik Theng , Ismail Amin , Shafie Nurul Husna , Daud Zulfitri 'Azuan Mat 
Published: May 2024

SummaryWhile dietary components such as phytate reduce calcium absorption, bioactive peptides could potentially enhance calcium absorption. This study aimed to characterise the peptides derived from casein and assess their effect on calcium uptake by Caco‐2 cells. Casein was subjected to hydrolysis by Alcalase and Flavourzyme to produce 4‐h and 16‐h casein hydrolysates. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that hydrolysis caused significant increases and decreases in the content of some amino acids. Casein hydrolysates achieved 40.36% and 52.64% degree of hydrolysis, as determined by the o‐phthaldialdehyde method. Sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering analyses revealed that the peptides had molecular weight less than 15 kDa and diameter between 100 and 1000 nm. The 4‐h casein hydrolysate enhanced calcium uptake by Caco‐2 cells monolayer at low calcium intake, possibly via transcellular absorption. These results provide insight into the nutraceutical potential of casein hydrolysates as enhancer of calcium absorption.