bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Greek crossing on the Oxus
Authors: Minorsky V. 
Published: January 2010

The present notice is merely an annex to V. V. Barthold's article on Ḥfiẓ-i Abr which has stood the test of 70 years.Ḥfiẓ-i Abr, a Khorsnian by birth, was a distinguished historian of Timrid times. He belonged to the class of those learned men whom rulers liked to attach to their courts. He studied in Hamadn, and worked under the patronage of Tmr, Shhrukh, and Prince Baysunqur. He died in Zanjn in 83414301.
Un Sūtra composite de l'Ekottarāgama
Authors: Lamotte Par Étienne 
Published: January 2010

L'Ekottarāgama, ou ‘Corpus des enseignements gradués’, est un recueil de textes bouddhiques, parallèle á 1'Anguttaranikāya du Canon pali. II n'est connuen sa totalité que par une unique traduction chinoise: le Tseng-i a-han ching.Le moine tokharien Dharmanandin qui connaissait par coeur le Madhyama et l'Ekottarāgama arriva è Ch'angan en 384 p.-C. et, sur l'invitation du magistrat local Chao Cheng, entreprit de publier ces deux ceuvres indiennes en chinois. La traduction de l'Ekottara commenca le 7 mai 384 et se termina en novembrede la même année ou au printemps de l'année suivante. Dharmanandin ‘récita oralement le texte indigène’, c'est-è-dire l'original indien; les śramaṇes chinois Hui-sung, Chu Fo-nien, et d'autres ‘reçurent au pinceau’.
The Character of the Kurds as illustrated by their Proverbs and Popular Sayings
Authors: Noel Edward 
Published: January 2010

There is a great deal to be said for the contention that national character expresses itself in popular sayings and proverbs. That the latter are sometimes paradoxical and tend to extremes cannot be denied. Truth is, however, often seen at her best on the tight rope.The following selection of well-known Kurdish sayings is made with a view to illustrating the character of the Kurds. As an excuse for its imperfections reference can be made to the lack of Kurdish literature and the existence of many dialects, which make it somewhat difficult for a foreigner to acquire a working knowledge of the language as a whole.The Kurds are a mountain race, with all the characteristics of mountaineers—love of freedom, violent passions, and a clannish feeling of pride. These primary traits dispose the Kurd to fly to arms at small provocation, and engage with zest in bitter blood feuds.
Verbal Phrases in Lhasa Tibetan—II
Authors: Sprigg R. K. 
Published: January 2010

Part I concluded with the suggestion that certain general-phonetic features, those of rounding and spreading, and those of vowel closure, might profitably be given a prosodic statement for the word as a whole, as:—I. a 3-term system: y/w/әII. a 2-term system: o/cA given word might thus be assigned to a prosodic category, to the ‘ y ’, the ‘ w ’, or the ‘ ә ’ term, and treated as a ‘ y word ’, ‘ w word ’, or ‘ neutral word ’ (yW, wW, әW). Similarly a given word might be assigned to either term of the closure system, and treated as a ‘ close word ’ or as an ‘ open word ’ (cW, oW). Theoretically it is a matter of indifference which of the two systems should be stated first. Since, however, they cannot be stated simultaneously in practice, the method of statement adopted here gives priority to the w/y/ә system; the exponents of ‘ w ’, ‘ y ’, and ‘ ә ’ are stated in turn. The o/c system is considered within the framework of these three categories, the exponents of o/c being given for wW, yW, and әW in turn, immediately after the exponents of ‘ w ’, ‘ y ’, and ‘ ә ’ respectively.
Communication from Mr. G. M. Wickens
Authors: Wickens G. M. 
Published: January 2010

Two articles of mine on the poetry of Ḥāfiẓ1 were recently criticized severely, even violently, by Dr. N. E. M. Boyce in an article written in a kind of informal collaboration with Professor W. B. H. Henning.2 Dr. Boyce was good enough to send me a page-proof copy of her article very shortly before publication, and I noted at the time how widely divergent were our respective views, both as regarded general approach and also in matters of detailed interpretation. This, however, occasioned no surprise, and in the normal way I should probably have been content to bring my observations privately to Dr. Boyce's notice; but, for personal reasons, I eventually decided to circulate a reply on my own initiative, for the information of colleagues who might have had the original critique brought to their notice before its publication.I realized that, by taking this action, I might prejudice any chance the reply had of appearing subsequently in print. But such prospects already appeared slender in view of my article's length and largely negative value; and the ordinary delays attending publication appeared even more unwelcome than the probability that the reply might never be read at all in printed form.
Catalogue of Ethiopian Manuscripts of the Wellcome Institute of the History of Medicine in London
Authors: Strelcyn Stefan 
Published: January 2010

The Library of the Wellcome Institute is devoted to the history of medicine and related sciences. Apart from some 250,000 printed books, it contains about 10,000 manuscripts, half of which are in Oriental languages.In 1970 I was entrusted with describing the Ethiopian manuscripts belonging to this library. There were 34 of them: 17 mostly of religious content and completely unrelated to the interests of the Institute, 16 magical scrolls, and one manuscript mainly of divinatory content. Without constituting medical manuscripts in the strict sense of the term, the scrolls are designed to combat demons and diseases and to keep people in good health. They can be called magico-medical scrolls and belong to the field of ethnomedicine. The scrolls are written in Gə'az with strong Amharic influence. At the suggestion of Dr. F. N. L. Poynter, Director of the Wellcome Institute, the Wellcome Trust decided to donate the first group of manuscripts to the British Museum, to whom 14 were presented in June 1970 and 3 others in June 1971. All these manuscripts have been described by the present writer in the Catalogue of the Ethiopian manuscripts in the British Museum acquired since 1877 (in preparation). The present catalogue notes contain only the description of the 16 scrolls and the divinatory manuscript.
Ariaca
Authors: Bailey H. W. 
Published: January 2010

Stein MS. Ch. xlvi 0012 c contains part of a Vita of the teacher Prajñāttīrṇa of the city of Humädāṃ. The folio is numbered 3 on the margin.Recto 1 paysānāma kṣamī vajrracchaidikyi prrajñā-pārme nva carya2 tsūma ttāra tca'ca hīs|ma dharma-mūkha mūkha niṣkalyāme hīya padaja ‖3 cu prrajñāttīrṇa āśi'rī mi|styau jāyaryau gaṃbhīra jaryau gaṃbhīra Verso 1 jāyaka brraṣṭe humädāṃ kītha ysāyī hāvä bujse | vīra anihvarrda biśä ysirrnai ba'ysna ba'ysūśtä kṣmä ṣi' mī tvaḍa bistä salī garrvā2 māṃde | vara na śūjye nva dva mārgaupadeśā parāe' parrīyasta cu3 biśe caignye jana ve vīra kalyīamittra ya hīya biśā'yūṃ jsa tvā gaṃbhīra jāyaka pacaāana ka ba1. vajrracchaidikyi ‘Vajracchedikā’ exists in a Khotanese version edited in 1916 by Sten Konow. The sutra is preceded by introductory verses which offer an explanation of the name (2 a 4 ff.).
Unpublished Manuscripts of Fr. Fernão de Queiroz, S.J.
Authors: Schurhammer S. J. G. 
Published: January 2010

In his article, “ The Manuscripts Collected by William Marsden, with special reference to two copies of Almeida's History of Ethiopia,”1 Sir Denison Ross gives a description of MS. 11966, formerly in King's College, now in the School of Oriental Studies. The bulky volume contains four different works:—1. The final version of Fr. Manoel d'Almeida's History of Ethiopia.2. Appendix I, containing a refutation of the chief errors in Urreta's “ Historia ecclesiastica de la Ethiopia ”, Valencia, 1610.3. Appendix II, containing another refutation by the Patriarch D. Affonso Mendez S.J., under the title: “ Informação em que se mostra, em que tempo se pregou o evangelho em Thiopia e começou a vida monastica, e quaes forão seus instituidores e pregadores.”4. Appendix III (f. 80r–94v), a treatise about the means of opening Ethiopia to the Gospel, bearing the title, “ Informação succinta sobre a reducção do Imperio Abexino pera Sua Alteza vêr e seus Ministros.” The last date mentioned in this last third Appendix is 1669. About its author Sir Denison Ross writes: “ The authorship of Appendix III remains a mystery, but it is obviously the work of a man intimately acquainted with Ethiopia and with recent happenings in and around the Red Sea.” 2
Phonetic Notes on Urdu Records Nos. 6825 AK and 6826 AK.
Authors: Bailey T. Grahame 
Published: January 2010

These records were made in 1920 to the dictation of a well-known professional story-teller, Bāqir ‘Alī, who belonged to Delhi.A phonetic transcript which has been published is of great value for the study of Urdu sounds. I made the original transcript of both records and had two proofs printed. Professor Daniel Jones, Professor of Phonetics in the University of London, who has to take responsibility for the publication of all transcripts in this series, went over my second proof, made some alterations, and prepared the final proof, which was ultimately printed. He is, therefore, responsible for the transcripts in their present form. I have, however, my proofs before me. The differences between his final print and my proofs are slight, and this article gives our joint views. Where there is any necessity for distinguishing them they are marked with the initials J. for his views and B. for mine.
The Word Hindŭstān
Authors: Bailey T. Grahame 
Published: January 2010

It has sometimes been said that the only correct spelling of the word is Hindostān, and that this is proved by its being made to rhyme with bostān. The fact of its so rhyming can prove only that such a form exists in verse. It does not disprove the correctness of other forms. Some confusion arises from our not knowing exactly which spelling is objected to, whether it is Hindūstān or Hindŭstān or both. There is abundant evidence to show that in Urdū Hindŭstān is well known and correct. The following points should be noted.(1) The spelling without vāo is both Turkish and Persian. This is not important, for we are concerned with Hindī and Urdū, not with foreign languages. Turkish generally omits the vāo, indeed the word I is usually pronounced hindistān.
An Old War Song of the Babemba
Authors: O'Ferrall R. 
Published: January 2010

§1 1. Kale ilyo pali BaMwamba na BaNkulu baletuma fita,2. fileya ku mishi ya bantu aba Mambwe.3. Babasanga, baikatana, balapikana no kulasana na mafumo.4. Awishyo mubiye panshi, amumo mutwe, amumo mutwe,5. asenda, atwala ku mfumu. Balaimba amalaila, baleti,6. “Sompa, sompa, sompa, sompa, sompa,” ne mitwe ya abantu7. Mfumu aiti: “Mwasalipeni.” Yalabanaila ubwali.
Sadwēs and Pēsūs
Authors: Boyce Mary 
Published: January 2010

Photographs of unpublished Parthian and Sogdian manuscripts were taken recently in Berlin by Captain J. A. Dabbs, of the University of Austin, Texas, and sent by him to Professor Henning, who kindly allowed me to look through the Parthian material at once. One fragment, M 741, proved to be of considerable interest. It contains portions of two hymns, which are alphabetic and may therefore be presumed to be original work in Parthian. The device of beginning every verse with a letter of the alphabet limits each hymn to some twenty-four verses; but in this case the two hymns are connected in their subject-matter and possibly formed part of a sequence. Several hymn-cycles have been identified in Parthian and Middle Persian, but the alphabetic device is not used in any of them. The hymns in M 741 have as their subject two myths of the creation, following chronologically one upon the other. The narrative would be difficult to follow, however, without some previous knowledge of the mythology, for the handling is poetic and allusive. Words and phrases occur which can be found in other similar texts, having been taken presumably from the prose scriptures which were the authority for all later renderings of the Manichsean myths. The author could assume a general familiarity with these scriptures, and so allow himself some freedom in his retelling of the stories.The first hymn, which contains a new Parthian name for a divinity, has for its subject the seduction of the Archontes and the descent of active evil to the earth.
Romani les and Sanskrit Tasya
Authors: Turner R. L. 
Published: January 2010

It is generally agreed that the nominatives ov and oy are formations from the demonstrative stem u which appears in most of the modern Indo-Aryan languages, e.g. Nepali: direct u, oblique us.In the oblique formsles, la and lenMiklosich {ber die Mundarten und Wanderungen der Zigeuner Europa's xi, p. 15) saw the stem of Skt. ta, which forms the oblique cases to the nominative s and s. Professor A. C. Woolner (Journ. Gypsy Lore Soc., New Series ix, p. 128) opposes this view for the very cogent reason that there seems to be no other instance in which an initial IndoAryan t has become lin European Romani: it becomes I regularly only in the intervocalic position. He derives it instead from a Prakrit pronominal stem na. This however presents nearly as great a phonetic difficulty, for the regular representation of initial n is by n : there are a few exceptions only in some cases of metathesis or dissimilation, such as len river (if from nodi), lilai and linai beside nilai summer (nid;ghh).
Translation of Tuareg Poems
Authors: Rodd Peter Rennell 
Published: January 2010

Of the five Temazheg poems which follow I have only attempted the translation of four. The fifth, though the vocabulary is comparatively simple, is so elliptical in construction that a translation is impossible. The same applies in a lesser degree to the others, the translation of which is therefore somewhat free.Tuareg poets, besides being fond of topical references which are incomprehensible to strangers, are inclined rather to flatter the intelligence of their hearers than to err by being too explicit. Grammar and syntax are freely sacrificed to metre and effect.
Etymologies Avestiques.
Authors: Duchesne-Guillemin J. 
Published: January 2010

°čcingha~ “ griffe ” (pəšsō. čingha- “ aux griffes écartées ”), auquel répond pers. čäng “ griffe, serre, poing; crochet ”, suppose un radical de type I *qen-g- qui se retrouve au degré o à la base de pers. käng “ aile, bras, branche”Le type II .qn-eg- (enregistré par Walde-Pokorny, p. 391), apparaît mdans une série de mots germaniques désignant eux aussi soit une partie du corps de forme recourbée, soit un instrument ou objet de même forme; il présente, encore comme le type I, les degrés e et o: par exemple ags. hnecca “ nuque, arrière de la tête ”, en face de v. isl. hnakki “ nuque ”, hnakkr “ ancre ”, etc.
Reciprocal verbs in Chicheŵa: a case for lexical derivation
Authors: Mchombo Sam A. , Ngalande Rosemary M. 
Published: January 2010

I.o. The phenomenon of reciprocity has, within the framework of generative grammar, been dealt with either as an aspect of sentence coordination as in the following:1(a) the boy saw the girl(b) the girl saw the boy(c) the boy and the girl saw each other
Beiträge zu einer Milindapañha-Bibliographie
Authors: Behesing Von Siegfried 
Published: January 2010

38. das Palmblatt-MS. zu nennen, welches de Zoysa in seinemCatalogue of Páli, Sinhalese, and Sanskrit MSS. in the Temple Libraries of Ceylon(Colombo, 1885), p. 9, als „common“ bezeichnet. Es enthält 178 Blätter, 17 Zoll lang, 9 Zeilen auf der Seite.39. Bentotte, Tempel von (Bentoṇa Vanavāsa Vihāra): 5 MSS. des M. und 1 sannē.
New Materials on the Tabaqāt al-shu‘arā’ of al-Jumahi
Authors: Arberry A. J. 
Published: January 2010

IIIn a former article (BSOAS xiii, pp. 7–22) a collation was offered of the Chester Beatty 4/10th century manuscript of al-Jumahl's Tabaqāt al-shu‘arā’ as compared with J. Hell's edition. In the following pages we have indicated or transcribed the passages contained in the Chester Beatty manuscript which are omitted in Hell's text and the derivative Cairo edition.
The Tumshuq Karmavācanā
Authors: Bailey H. W. 
Published: January 2010

In the Journal Asiatique for 1941–2 my friend the late Professor Sten Konow published an article entitled Une nouvelle forme aberrante de khotanais. This new type of Iranian is contained in the document P 410 brought back by the late Paul Pelliot from Tumšq, a ruined site near the modern Maralbashi.For the study of the history of this region all the materials, unfortunately often fragmentary, which the various expeditions have recovered for us have proved and are still proving of great importance. The present Tumšuq fragment is a notable addition to this material.Sten Konow gave with his study a facsimile of the MS. fragment, a transliteration (in which he had enjoyed the assistance of J. Filliozat) and a tentative translation, together with a glossary of the words according to his readings. Six years later he turned again to the document and in the Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap 14 (1947), pp. 156 ff., he published a second study of the document. It is a pleasure to recognize the merit of these pioneer studies, but neither could be considered as providing a clear interpretation. In one point, the reading of ai, the incorrect at is kept in the second study, although in the glossary to the first study J. Filliozat had pointed out that the sign was properly au.The document is vitally important for Iranian dialectical studies. Hence a new treatment is well justified. The recognition that the document contains a type of Buddhist ordination service changed the whole problem of its interpretation.
Improved Techniques in Palatography and Kymography
Authors: Firth J. R. , Adam H. J. F. 
Published: January 2010

Since the early ‘thirties we have found it necessary constantly and independently to review the sort of abstractions usually made in descriptive linguistics, and in making new ones to refer them to a schematic framework of levels, at each one of which some component of meaning could be handled by a system of constructs and stated.Professor Panconcelli-Calzia seems only recently to have awakened to the idea that four-fifths of linguistics, including even experimental phonetics, is invention rather than discovery. The work of the English school of phonetics since the time of the Bells has been rich in invention, and earned the inadequate description of being “practical”. In the best sense of the word, descriptive linguistics must be practical, since its abstractions, fictions, inventions, call them what you will, are designed to handle instances of speech, spoken or written, and make statements of the meaning of what may be called typical speech events. All these fictions, whether made by machines or by direct verbal statement may perhaps be figuratively described as “asymptotic”.If we are constantly mindful of the different levels of abstraction and the nature of the fictions set up, the inventions of kymography and palatography and the inventions of phonology or other branches of linguistics may be brought into relation and used to justify one another mutually.The purpose of the present article is to give an illustration of the pressure of “invention” at the levels of phonology and even of general linguistic theory, which has led to ancillary “inventions” in the laboratory.
Two Samoan ceremonial speeches
Authors: Buse J. E. 
Published: January 2010

THE two ceremonial speeches which are given below were recorded for me in 1956 by an old Samoan talking-chief (tūlāfale) in the village of Amanave on the island of Tutuila. The text is an edited transcription made from those tapes.Both speeches form part of a house-building ceremony known in Tutuila as le usuga i le fale (the visitation of the house), which commemorates the building by a matai (head of a family group) of a round-house (fale tele). The fale tele is used mainly as a meeting place for the village council and for the entertainment of travelling parties (malaga) from other villages. It is an expensive undertaking to build such a house as it involves the employment of a master-carpenter (matai tufuga, or, ceremonially, agai-o-tupu) and members of his guild (?āiga), who must be entertained lavishly during the work and paid with cash and fine-mats at a later ceremony (le umusāga). A Samoan who builds his village a fale tele is making a major contribution to their prestige, and the usuga ceremony is held as a mark of gratitude and respect.
La Charrue védique
Authors: Bloch Jules 
Published: January 2010

Ilya eu un verbe indo-iranien pour désigner le labour: RV. imp. ; il s'y rattache des substantifs désignant le sillon: av. karša-, karši- f.; RV. sans doute ŚBr. Par contre les noms Sanskrits de la charrue n'ont pas de correspondants connus dans l'lran.L'un de ces noms, qui vit encore aujourd'hui, skr. hala-, n'est pas attesté avant Pānini. Est-il cependant plus ancien que le Sanskrit? On en a proposé plusieurs étymologies indo-européennes, dont malheureusement aucune ne s'impose (v. Walde-Pokorny, Vergl. Wb. der. Indog. Spr., i, p. 629; Scheftelowitz, ZII., ii, p. 278). Le Rgveda offre deux autres noms encore:
The Expressions for “The year consists of twelve months” and the like in Vedic Prose
Authors: Oertel Hanns 
Published: January 2010

§ 1. The sentence “The year consists of twenty-four halfmonths” may be rendered in Vedic prose in three different ways : —A. The nominatival type : ardhamāsāḥ saṁvatsaraḥ or, with resumptive pronoun (cf. my Syntax of Cases in the Narrative and Descriptive Prose of the Brāhmaṇas, i, § 3, p. 2, and §§ 8 f., pp. 10 ff.), ardhamāsāḥ sa saṁvatsaraḥ.B. The genitival type: saṁvatsarasyārdhamāsāḥ.
The Fowl and the Cat: A Swahili Poem in the Tikuu Dialect
Authors: Werner Alice 
Published: January 2010

A letter received some time ago from my Lamu correspondent, Muhammad bin Abubakar (commonly known as Muhamadi Kijuma), contains a passage which may be translated as follows:—“Behold these verses: I obtained them from the Watikuu (that is to say), from an aged woman of Rasini; it contains a testimony (to the ancient glories) of Emezi, which was a great country [city?] with mansions of stone, very large, and before the Arabs settled in Africa, it was already in ruins. It lies to the south of Waraka.”
Arabic mathematical manuscripts in Mauretania
Authors: Rebstock Ulrich 
Published: January 2010

A discussion of the mathematical manuscripts of Mauretania requires an overall introduction to this almost completely unexplored literature.Its foundations must first be established. Between the years 1978 and 1985 a project financed initially by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (BRD), then by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, was entrusted to Dr. Rainer Oßwald and myself by the Mauretanian Ministry of Cultural Affairs. Its objective was the collection and protection of the selected Arabic manuscript literature of Mauretania.
Standard relativistic reference systems and the IAU framework
Authors: Soffel Michael 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe IAU framework for relativistic reference systems is based upon the work by Brumberg and Kopeikin and by Damour, Soffel and Xu (DSX). We begin with a brief introduction into the DSX-formalism. After that the various IAU Resolutions concerning relativistic astronomical reference systems are discussed. Finally, it is indicated how the expansion of the universe can be considered in the BCRS.
Current and future realizations of coordinate time scales
Authors: Arias E. Felicitas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTwo atomic time scales maintained at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) are realizations of terrestrial time: International Atomic Time (TAI) and TT(BIPM). They are calculated from atomic clocks realizing proper time in national laboratories. The algorithm for the calculation of TAI has been designed to optimize the frequency stability and accuracy of the time scale. Plans for the future improvement of the reference time scales are presented.