bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the risk of collision with power lines in Bonelli’s Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus and its conservation implications
Authors: ROLLAN ÀLEX , REAL JOAN , BOSCH RAFEL , TINTÓ ALBERT , HERNÁNDEZ-MATÍAS ANTONIO 
Published: April 2010

SummaryPower line casualties are considered one of the main causes of mortality in the endangered Bonelli’s Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus, although little is known about factors involved in collisions with wires and their consequences at population level. We studied 18 radio-tracked individuals to determine the risk of collision with power lines at two spatial scales (flight height and span crossings). Through logistic regression modelling we found that the risk of collision was mainly determined by eagles’ home range use, being reduced in kernel 80%, kernel 95% and MCP respectively to 0.421, 0.114 and 0.032 times in comparison to risk associated to the 50% kernel area. In addition, the risk of collision increased in open habitats (around 1.5 times higher than in forested habitats) far from urban areas (2.345 times higher than near urban areas) that were good for hunting, and in cliff areas used for breeding and roosting, where eagles fly at a lower height (the probability of eagles flying at a low height was 1.470 times higher than in forested habitats). A significant positive correlation was found between territorial turnover rates and the risk ascribed to transmission lines with earth wires in 15 breeding territories. Moreover, this correlation had a higher significance for the 50% kernel area when transmission without earth wires and double circuit distribution lines were added, although no correlations were encountered for distribution lines. These results suggested that power line collisions might be more important than previously reported as a cause of mortality for the species and thus conservation actions should be applied in order to minimise their effects on population dynamics. Predictive models may be a useful tool in careful planning of new power line routes and the wire-marking of the existing ones. Kernel areas should be used rather than fixed radii given that distances from nests may not adequately match the risk of collision.
Observations on trade in laughingthrushes (Garrulax spp.) in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SHEPHERD CHRIS R. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThe trade in laughingthrush species native to Indonesia is not carried out in accordance with Indonesian legislation and regulations. During 65 surveys carried out in bird markets in 1997–2008, more than 11,000 laughingthrushes representing 10 species were observed, including all five species native to Indonesia. Bird dealers claim that these species are becoming increasingly scarce in Indonesia due to over-harvesting for trade, especially the Sumatran endemic Black-and-white Laughingthrush G. bicolor and the Javan endemic Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush G. rufifrons. Indonesia has legislation in place to protect these species from over-exploitation, yet the illegal trade continues on a large scale, carried out openly in city bird markets. Enforcement of this legislation is critical in order to prevent these species from becoming perilously threatened.
Population estimates and habitat use by the Critically Endangered Taita ApalisApalis fuscigularisin south-eastern Kenya
Authors: BORGHESIO LUCA , SAMBA DAINA , GITHIRU MWANGI , BENNUN LEON , NORRIS KEN 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThe Taita ApalisApalis fuscigularis(IUCN category: Critically Endangered) is a species endemic to south-eastern Kenya. We assessed population size and habitat use in the three forest sites in which it is known to occur (Ngangao, Chawia and Vuria, totalling 257 ha). The estimate of total population size, derived from distance sampling at 412 sample points, ranged from 310 to 654 individuals, with the northern section of Ngangao fragment having 10-fold higher densities than Chawia (2.47–4.93 versus 0.22–0.41 birds ha−1). Ngangao north alone hosted 50% of the global population of the species. The highly degraded Vuria fragment also had moderately high densities (1.63–3.72 birds ha−1) suggesting that the species tolerates some human disturbance. Taita Apalis prefers vegetation with abundant climbers, but the predictive power of habitat use models was low, suggesting that habitat structure is not a primary cause for the low density of the species in Chawia. Protecting the subpopulation in the northern section of Ngangao is a priority, as is identifying factors responsible of the low abundance in Chawia, because ameliorating conditions in this large fragment could substantially increase the population of Taita Apalis.
On descent theory and main conjectures in non-commutative Iwasawa theory
Authors: Burns David , Venjakob Otmar 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe develop an explicit descent theory in the context of Whitehead groups of non-commutative Iwasawa algebras. We apply this theory to describe the precise connection between main conjectures of non-commutative Iwasawa theory (in the spirit of Coates, Fukaya, Kato, Sujatha and Venjakob) and the equivariant Tamagawa number conjecture. The latter result is both a converse to a theorem of Fukaya and Kato and also provides an important means of deriving explicit consequences of the main conjecture and proving special cases of the equivariant Tamagawa number conjecture.
Une dualité entre fonctions booléennes
Authors: Poizat Bruno 
Published: April 2010

RésuméSi k est un corps fini, toute fonction f(x1, … , xm) de {0, 1}m dans k s'écrit de manière unique comme un polynôme, à coefficients dans k, de degré un ou zéro en chacune de ses variables ; on peut donc lui associer une fonction f*(x1, … , xm), sa duale inverse, qui exprime les coefficients de son polynôme canonique. Nous considérons l'improbable hypothèse que la classe P(k), formée des suites de fonctions calculables en un nombre d'opérations (additions et multiplications) de croissance polynomialement bornée, soit close par dualité ; nous montrons qu'elle équivaut à une hypothèse bien connue en Théorie de la Complexité sous le nom de P = #pP, où p est la caractéristique de k.Dans une première section, nous exposons ce résultat lorsque k = ℤ/2ℤ, c'est-à-dire dans le cadre des calculs booléens classiques ; sa démonstration évite l'emploi d'un polynôme universel comme le hamiltonien : ses ingrédients sont d'une part la réduction parcimonieuse des circuits aux termes, et d'autre part la constatation que les expressions arithmétiques ont une duale très facile à calculer.Dans la deuxième section, nous traitons le cas général, en introduisant une classe SP(k) obtenue par sommation à partir de la classe P(k) ; nous vérifierons dans la quatrième section l'équivalence des hypothèses SP(k) = P(k) et #pP = P. Nous y définissons également une notion de transformation, dont la dualité est un cas particulier. Les transformations forment un groupe isomorphe à GL2(k), avec un sous-groupe B(k) de transformations que nous qualifions de bénignes, car elles n'ont que peu d'effet sur la complexité des fonctions ; nous montrons que toutes les transformations non-bénignes ont à peu près la même influence sur la complexité des fonctions, sauf si k = F3 ou k = F5 ; dans ces deux cas exceptionnels, la transformation de Fourier joue un rôle particulier.Dans la troisième section, nous considérons des fonctions de km dans k ; nous n'y trouvons pas des classes de complexité vraiment nouvelles, mais seulement un groupe de transformations plus riche.La quatrième section introduit l'égalité #P = P dans le paysage ; quant à la cinquième et dernière, elle examine le lien entre nos résultats et ceux de Guillaume Malod concernant la clôture par fonction-coefficient de diverses classes de complexité pour le calcul des polynômes à la manière de Valiant.Nous nous sommes efforcés de rédiger cet article de manière à ce qu'il puisse être lu par des personnes non spécialisées en algorithmie.
Digital Atlas of Mexico Provides Accessible Climate Information
Authors: Zavala‐Hidalgo Jorge , Fern´ndez‐Eguiarte Agustin , Romero‐Centeno Rosario , Zavala‐Romero Olmo 
Published: April 2010

Modern geomatic technologies—and particularly geoscientific, digital, and online multimedia cartography—represent one response to the growing demand for climatic information by the scientific community and general users.The Digital Climatic Atlas of Mexico (DCAM) fills the need to have readily accessible climate information about Mexico, Central America, and adjacent areas in preconfigured or user‐configured georeferenced maps. The atlas provides information about the continental and oceanic climate, bioclimatic variables, and socioeconomic indicators (Figure 1).
Comment on “Examining the Scientific Consensus on Climate Change”
Authors: Rawer Karl 
Published: April 2010

In the 20 January 2009 issue of Eos (90(3), 22–23), P. T. Doran and M. K. Zimmerman gave some interesting data about scientists' responses to the question of whether they think human activity is a significant contributing factor to changing global temperatures. The statements given in the article are in fact “scientific” in that they are cautious. In my opinion, they miss the point.While scientists are yet discussing the importance and potential magnitude of human influence, the public expects an answer to this simple question: “Would the warming be stopped or even reversed if the requested rigorous actions were taken?” Scientists have carefully avoided answering that blunt question, but most of the public and the politicians, at least in my country, are convinced that an overwhelming majority of scientists is answering “yes.”
Site Selected for Colorado Plateau Coring: Colorado Plateau Coring Project Workshop, Phase 2: 100 Million Years of Climatic, Tectonic, and Biotic Evolution From Continental Coring; Albuquerque, New Mexico, 8–11 May 2009
Authors: Geissman John W. , Olsen Paul E. , Kent Dennis V. 
Published: April 2010

A workshop was convened in New Mexico to plan for the Colorado Plateau Coring Project (CPCP) and identify the target site for initial coring. The giant continental and near‐shore to shallow marine epicontinental basins of the American Southwest are particularly well exposed on the Colorado Plateau and its environs and contain a rich record of early Mesozoic (∼251–145 million years ago) strata. This time period was punctuated by two major mass extinctions and is notable for the evolutionary appearance of the modern biota and its apparent dramatic climate changes.Classic studies of these basins, their strata, and their fossils have made this sequence instrumental in framing the context for the early Mesozoic world. Ambiguities in temporal resolution, uncertainties in global correlations with other early Mesozoic strata, and major doubts about latitudinal position still hamper testing of competing climatic, biotic, and tectonic models for the evolution of western Pangea.
Establishing Priorities for Interdisciplinary Arctic Ocean Science: Arctic in Rapid Transition (ART) Initiation Workshop; Fairbanks, Alaska, 7–9 November 2009
Authors: Frey Karen E. , Mathis Jeremy T. , Wegner Carolyn 
Published: April 2010

The Arctic is undergoing rapid environmental and economic transformations. Recent climate warming, which is simplifying access to oil and gas resources, enabling trans‐ Arctic shipping, and shifting the distribution of harvestable resources, has brought the Arctic Ocean to the top of national and international political agendas. Scientific knowledge of the present status of the Arctic Ocean and a process‐based understanding of the mechanisms of change are required to make useful predictions of future conditions throughout the Arctic region.A step toward improving scientists' capacity to predict future Arctic change was undertaken with the Second International Conference on Arctic Research Planning (ICARP II) meeting in 2005 (http://web.arcticportal.org/iasc/icarp). As the ICARP II process came to a close, the Arctic in Rapid Transition (ART) initiative developed out of an effort to synthesize the several ICARP II science plans specific to the Arctic marine environment.
Guides for Authors Translated into Multiple Languages
Authors: Cook William J. 
Published: April 2010

The guides for authors for AGU journals and Eos have been translated into four languages. The aim is for AGU's publication guidelines to be more accessible to those scientists for whom English is not their first language.Translations of the guides for authors are now available in Spanish, French, Chinese, and Japanese. While manuscripts must still be submitted (and published) in English, AGU hopes that having the author guides translated into these languages will encourage authors who might not otherwise submit manuscripts to do so.
Demands of Expanding Populations and Development Planning
Authors: Lim Bo 
Published: April 2010

This book is a practical resource for development planners, demographers, and organizations involved with development projects related to improving the well‐being and welfare of expanding human populations. Demands of Expanding Populations and Development Planning essentially is a treatment on sustainability and includes a heavy emphasis on major issues of environmental pollution over the last 3 decades. The book's coverage of ecosystems, atmospheric chemistry, water availability and quality, and soils is comprehensive.The author's extensive teaching experience makes this somewhat of an authoritative book on air quality and emissions from natural and anthropogenic sources, volatile heavy metals, carbon monoxide, radon, and nuclear waste. Most of the book focuses on the atmospheric chemistry of air pollution, whether the pollution source is from energy, industrial production, and manufacturing processes or from the treatment of waste products from such processes.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 controls mitochondrial metabolism and insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13 clonal β-cells
Authors: Krus Ulrika , Kotova Olga , Spégel Peter , Hallgard Elna , Sharoyko Vladimir V. , Vedin Anna , Moritz Thomas , Sugden Mary C. , Koeck Thomas , Mulder Hindrik 
Published: April 2010

Tight coupling between cytosolic and mitochondrial metabolism is key for GSIS (glucose-stimulated insulin secretion). In the present study we examined the regulatory contribution of PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase) kinase 1, a negative regulator of PDH, to metabolic coupling in 832/13 clonal β-cells. Knockdown of PDH kinase 1 with siRNA (small interfering RNA) reduced its mRNA (&gt;80%) and protein level (&gt;40%) after 72 h. PDH activity, glucose-stimulated cellular oxygen consumption and pyruvate-stimulated mitochondrial oxygen consumption increased 1.7- (P&lt;0.05), 1.6- (P&lt;0.05) and 1.6-fold (P&lt;0.05) respectively. Gas chromatography/MS revealed an altered metabolite profile upon silencing of PDH kinase 1, determined by increased levels of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates malate, fumarate and α-ketoglutarate. These metabolic alterations were associated with exaggerated GSIS (5-fold compared with 3.1-fold in control cells; P&lt;0.01). Insulin secretion, provoked by leucine and dimethylsuccinate, which feed into the tricarboxylic acid cycle bypassing PDH, was unaffected. The oxygen consumption and metabolic data strongly suggest that knockdown of PDH kinase 1 in β-cells permits increased metabolic flux of glucose-derived carbons into the tricarboxylic acid cycle via PDH. Enhanced insulin secretion is probably caused by increased generation of tricarboxylic acid cycle-derived reducing equivalents for mitochondrial electron transport to generate ATP and/or stimulatory metabolic intermediates. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that PDH kinase 1 is an important regulator of PDH in clonal β-cells and that PDH kinase 1 and PDH are important for efficient metabolic coupling. Maintaining low PDH kinase 1 expression/activity, keeping PDH in a dephosphorylated and active state, may be important for β-cells to achieve the metabolic flux rates necessary for maximal GSIS.
Age-structure-dependent recruitment: a meta-analysis applied to Northeast Atlantic fish stocks
Authors: Brunel Thomas 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Brunel, T. 2010. Age-structure-dependent recruitment: a meta-analysis applied to Northeast Atlantic fish stocks. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1921–1930. Exploitation alters the age structure of fish stocks. Several stock-specific studies have suggested that changes in the age structure might have consequences for subsequent recruitment, but the evidence is not universal. To investigate how common such effects are among 39 Northeast Atlantic fish stocks, relationships were tested between age structure (spawner mean age, age diversity, and proportion of recruit spawners) and recruitment (number of recruits, sensitivity to environment, and recruitment variability). Significant correlations in the expected direction were observed for a few stocks, but not for the majority; significant correlations in the opposite direction were also found. Meta-analyses combining the stock-level tests revealed that none of the effects were significant overall. However, effects were significant for some species (cod, haddock, and plaice) and indices. The low variability in the age structure might explain the absence of significant effects for individual stocks. Other reasons could be the absence of a biological basis (reproductive characteristics not dependent on age) or the stronger influence of environmental variability than of age structure on recruitment.
Lessons learned from stock collapse and recovery of North Sea herring: a review
Authors: Dickey-Collas Mark , Nash Richard D. M. , Brunel Thomas , van Damme Cindy J. G. , Marshall C. Tara , Payne Mark R. , Corten Ad , Geffen Audrey J. , Peck Myron A. , Hatfield Emma M. C. , Hintzen Niels T. , Enberg Katja , Kell Laurence T. , Simmonds E. John 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Dickey-Collas, M., Nash, R. D. M., Brunel, T., van Damme, C. J. G., Marshall, C. T., Payne, M. R., Corten, A., Geffen, A. J., Peck, M. A., Hatfield, E. M. C., Hintzen, N. T., Enberg, K., Kell, L. T., and Simmonds, E. J. 2010. Lessons learned from stock collapse and recovery of North Sea herring: a review. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1875–1886. The collapse and recovery of North Sea herring in the latter half of the 20th century had both ecological and economic consequences. We review the effect of the collapse and investigate whether the increased understanding about the biology, ecology, and stock dynamics gained in the past three decades can aid management to prevent further collapses and improve projections of recovery. Recruitment adds the most uncertainty to estimates of future yield and the potential to reach biomass reference points within a specified time-frame. Stock–recruitment relationships must be viewed as being fluid and dependent on ecosystem change. Likewise, predation mortality changes over time. Management aimed at maximum sustainable yield (MSY) fishing mortality targets implies interannual variation in TACs, and variability in supply is therefore unavoidable. Harvest control rules, when adhered to, aid management greatly. We advocate that well-founded science can substantially contribute to management through improved confidence and increased transparency. At present, we cannot predict the effects of collapse or recovery of a single stock on the ecosystem as a whole. Moreover, as managers try to reconcile commitments to single-species MSY targets with the ecosystem-based approach, they must consider the appropriate management objectives for the North Sea ecosystem as a whole.
An ecological study of two shallow, equatorial lakes: Lake Mburo and Lake Kachera, Uganda
Authors: Nyakoojo Clement , Byarujali Stephen M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLake Mburo and Lake Kachera are shallow, eutrophic lakes in mid‐western Uganda. Lake Mburo recorded higher values of Secchi and eutrophic depths and lower extinction coefficient (k) values. The lakes showed a ‘red shift’ phenomenon in maximum light transmission. The average values of electrical conductivity in Lake Mburo and Lake Kachera were 136 and 244 μS cm−1, respectively. The pH values indicated high photosynthetic activity. Dissolved oxygen concentration averaged 6.9 and 7.8 mg l−1 in Lake Mburo and Lake Kachera, respectively. The lakes had high total nitrogen (TN) : total phosphorus (TP) ratios averaging 200 and 280 in Lake Mburo and Lake Kachera, respectively. The lakes are dominated by cyanobacterial blooms that reduce light penetration to less than 1 m. Lake Mburo had a lower algal biomass than Lake Kachera. Chlorophyll a concentrations correlated positively (r = 0.73, P < 0.05) with the extinction coefficient in Lake Mburo but not in Lake Kachera. The correlations between chlorophyll a and TN and TP were also high. Both lakes recorded high primary productivity, Lake Mburo showing higher values. The study highlighted the need to investigate the organism–community interrelationships in the two water bodies.
Contact urticaria to cosmetic and industrial dyes
Authors: Davari P. , Maibach H. I. 
Published: April 2010

Summary
Contact urticaria (CU) defines the weal-and-flare reaction that occurs after external cutaneous contact with a causative agent. These reactions often cause discomfort for patients, affect their quality of life, and in severe cases may be life-threatening. Some dyes are known to be urticariogens. Many people have daily exposure to these urticariogens, because of the widespread use of dyes, for example in textiles, cosmetics and foods. We reviewed industrial and cosmetic dyes such as hair dyes, basic blue 99 dye, patent blue dyes, henna, red dyes, curcumin and reactive dyes, which can potentially cause CU. Overall, the reported cases of CU lacked appropriate controls. Hair-dye constituents such as preservatives and intensifiers may play an important role as causative agents of CU. We recommend appropriate protection guidelines to reduce the incidence of CU in high-risk groups such as hairdressers, dye-factory workers or workers in dye-related industries.
Arboreal substrates influence foraging in tropical ants
Authors: CLAY NATALIE A. , BAUER MONICA , SOLIS MANUEL , YANOVIAK STEPHEN P. 
Published: April 2010

1. Physically complex substrates impart significant costs on cursorial central‐place foragers in terms of time spent outside the nest and total distance travelled. Ants foraging in trees navigate varied surfaces to access patchy resources, thus providing an appropriate model system for examining interactions between foraging efficiency and substrates.2. We expected that the speed of recruitment, body size distribution and species richness of foraging arboreal ants would differ predictably among common substrate types occurring on tropical tree trunks. We measured changes in ant abundance and species composition over time at baits placed on bare tree bark, moss‐covered bark, and vine‐like vegetation appressed to bark. We also measured average body size and body size frequency on the three substrate types. Ants discovered baits sooner and accumulated at baits relatively faster when using vine substrates as the primary foraging trail. Average body size was smaller on vine substrates than on bark. Experimental removal of vine and moss substrates nullified these differences. Contrary to our predictions, species richness and body size distributions did not differ among the three substrate types, due in part to the frequent presence of a few common ground‐nesting species at baits on bare bark.3. Our results collectively indicate that linear substrates facilitate access of foraging ants to patchy resources. Ant use of vine‐like substrates appears to be opportunistic; vine use is not confined to certain species nor constrained by body size.