bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mountain permafrost: development and challenges of a young research field
Authors: Haeberli Wilfried , Noetzli Jeannette , Arenson Lukas , Delaloye Reynald , Gärtner-Roer Isabelle , Gruber Stephan , Isaksen Ketil , Kneisel Christof , Krautblatter Michael , Phillips Marcia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn overview is given of the relatively short history, important issues and primary challenges of research on permafrost in cold mountain regions. The systematic application of diverse approaches and technologies contributes to a rapidly growing knowledge base about the existence, characteristics and evolution in time of perennially frozen ground at high altitudes and on steep slopes. These approaches and technologies include (1) drilling, borehole measurement, geophysical sounding, photogrammetry, laser altimetry, GPS/SAR surveying, and miniature temperature data logging in remote areas that are often difficult to access, (2) laboratory investigations (e.g. rheology and stability of ice-rock mixtures), (3) analyses of digital terrain information, (4) numerical simulations (e.g. subsurface thermal conditions under complex topography) and (5) spatial models (e.g. distribution of permafrost where surface and microclimatic conditions are highly variable spatially). A sound knowledge base and improved understanding of governing processes are urgently needed to deal effectively with the consequences of climate change on the evolution of mountain landscapes and, especially, of steep mountain slope hazards as the stabilizing permafrost warms and degrades. Interactions between glaciers and permafrost in cold mountain regions have so far received comparatively little attention and need more systematic investigation.
Crise et reconversion des milieux industrialo-portuaires : dépendance de sentier ou renouveau économique ? Les exemples de Dunkerque (France) et de Gdansk (Pologne)
Authors: Laperche Blandine , Lorek Maria , Uzunidis Dimitri 
Published: July 2011

Dans l’économie d’aujourd’hui fondée sur le savoir, la construction de « milieux innovateurs » est au centre des politiques de reconversion et de développement des territoires. L’émergence de ces milieux innovateurs s’inscrit dans la trajectoire suivie de longue date par les territoires. Ils résultent d’une alchimie entre les collectivités, les institutions locales et les entreprises qui favorise, en fonction des atouts du territoire, l’attractivité et l’émergence d’activités nouvelles. Dans cet article, nous étudions la trajectoire suivie par deux villes marquées par une forte spécialisation industrielle (lourde) : Dunkerque (France) et Gdansk (Pologne). Comment expliquer le choix récurrent de l’industrialisation comme mode de reconversion à Dunkerque, alors que Gdansk semble développer quelques atouts aptes à faire émerger de nouveaux sentiers de croissance ? Nous répondons à cette question en mobilisant la théorie évolutionniste et en identifiant les actifs spécifiques et secondaires (matériels et immatériels) accumulés au fil du temps.
La place des services aux entreprises dans les politiques d'aménagement et de développement régional : typologies, interrogations et contradictions
Authors: Gallouj Camal , Kaabachi Souheila 
Published: July 2011

Cet article propose une présentation et une analyse des incitations et politiques locales et régionales de soutien aux activités de service. Après une mise en perspective historique, nous adoptons une démarche typologique qui permet de repérer quatre grandes orientations des politiques en question : soutiens à l’offre, à la demande, à la mise en relation offre-demande et plus généralement à l’environnement. A partir de là, nous nous interrogeons sur les choix offerts aux l’aménageurs et sur les incidences parfois contradictoires inhérentes à ces différents choix.
Twelve-Year Review of Pediatric Traumatic Open Globe Injuries in an Urban U.S. Population
Authors: Lesniak Sebastian P. , Bauza Alain , Son Jung H. , Zarbin Marco A. , Langer Paul , Guo Suquin , Wagner Rudolph S. , Bhagat Neelakshi 
Published: July 2011

Purpose:
To evaluate the epidemiology, anatomical characteristics, and clinical outcomes of pediatric traumatic open globe injuries and to compare the observed final visual acuity to the expected visual acuity as predicted by the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS).

Methods:
Retrospective chart review of 89 pediatric patients (89 eyes) with open globe injury presenting between 1997 and 2008.

Results:

Sixty-five patients (73%) were male, average age was 9.7 years, and mean follow-up was 22.6 months. The most common causes of trauma were: accidents (79%), violence (10%), and motor vehicle accidents (9%). Penetrating ocular injury was the most common trauma (54%), followed by blunt rupture (34%). Zone 1 injuries represented 49% of cases, and zones 2 and 3 represented 29% and 21%, respectively. No patient developed endophthalmitis. The average presenting and final visual acuities were logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 1.927 and 1.401, respectively. Lens trauma was noted in 44 (49%) eyes. Twenty-eight patients (31%) had retinal detachment within 6 months of presentation. Total retinal attachment was achieved in 12 (63%) of 19 eyes undergoing repair. Enucleation was performed in 9 (10%) patients. Final visual acuities were not statistically different from visual acuities predicted by OTS (
P
> .05).

Conclusions:
The visual prognosis in pediatric open globe injury is poor. The zone of injury may correlate with poor final visual acuity, risk of retinal detachment, and subsequent need for an enucleation. The final predicted visual acuity correlated well with the observed final visual acuity in these patients.
Compactness of Commutators for Singular Integrals on Morrey Spaces
Authors: Chen Yanping , Ding Yong , Wang Xinxia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper we characterize the compactness of the commutator [b, T] for the singular integral operator on the Morrey spaces . More precisely, we prove that if , the -closure of , then [b, T] is a compact operator on the Morrey spaces for ∞ < p < ∞ and 0 < ⋋ < n. Conversely, if and [b, T] is a compact operator on the for some p (1 < p < ∞), then . Moreover, the boundedness of a rough singular integral operator T and its commutator [b, T] on are also given. We obtain a sufficient condition for a subset in Morrey space to be a strongly pre-compact set, which has interest in its own right.
Lifting Quasianalytic Mappings over Invariants
Authors: Rainer Armin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLetbe a rational finite dimensional complex representation of a reductive linear algebraic groupG, and letbe a system of generators of the algebra of invariant poly- nomials ℂ[V]G. We study the problem of lifting mappingsover the mapping of invariants. Note that ¾(V) can be identified with the cate- gorical quotientV//Gand its points correspond bijectively to the closed orbits inV. We prove that iffbelongs to a quasianalytic subclasssatisfying some mild closedness properties that guarantee resolution of singularities in 𝒞e.g.,the real analytic class, thenfadmits a lift of the same class 𝒞 after desingularization by local blow-ups and local power substitutions. As a consequence we show thatfitself allows for a lift that belongs to SBVloc,i.e.,special functions of bounded variation. Ifρis a real representation of a compact Lie group, we obtain stronger versions.
Ordering the Representations of Sn Using the Interchange Process
Authors: Alon Gil , Kozma Gady 
Published: July 2011

AbstractInspired by Aldous' conjecture for the spectral gap of the interchange process and its recent resolution by Caputo, Liggett, and Richthammer, we define an associated order on the irreducible representations of Sn. Aldous' conjecture is equivalent to certain representations being comparable in this order, and hence determining the “Aldous order” completely is a generalized question. We show a few additional entries for this order.
Establishing the Learning Curve for a Tunneled Dialysis Catheter Placement
Authors: Aerden Dimitri , van Hooland Simon , Moerman Leslie , Pipeleers Lissa , Debing Erik , Van den Brande Pierre 
Published: July 2011

Purpose To determine how many procedures a surgical trainee requires before they are able to place a tunneled double-lumen dialysis catheter safely on their own. Methods Surgical trainees unfamiliar with the procedure received a pre-operative briefing in which we explained 1) why, how, and in what particular order each operational step should be executed and 2) what the possible pitfalls/complications are. Next, an experienced surgeon demonstrated the procedure with the trainee scrubbed-in as their assistant. The trainee then performed all successive procedures, while the supervising surgeon acted as a silent observer and intervened only when an error was made. We recorded all errors as well as near misses and noted if they were severe, recurrent or unanticipated. At least three procedures were required but training was continued until less than three errors were made. Results Ten trainees were included in the study. On average, a trainee made 11.9 mistakes during 3.4 procedures in a time span of 28.2 days. Only three trainees performed their last procedure flawlessly. The number of errors decreased exponentially from the first procedure onwards (P<.001). A statistically significant correlation was found between the number of mistakes and the number of days since the last procedure (P<.035). Unanticipated errors most frequently involved erroneous fluoroscopy interpretation, flushing with blood-contaminated saline, and incorrect volume injection for the heparin lock. Conclusions A theoretically well-prepared surgical trainee should be able to perform the placement of a tunneled dialysis catheter safely after four procedures. Training is more efficient when procedures follow each other quickly.
Intentionality in a Creative Art Curriculum
Authors: Belluigi Dina Zoe 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
This paper highlights inadequacies of a creative arts curriculum that claimed to have been informed by postmodern theories, without careful consideration of how these might or should impact on teaching and learning interactions. In particular, the relationship between intentionality and interpretation addressed in this case study is of concern for educationalists in a postmodern world. At issue is how assessors’ interpretations are responsive to or balanced with student meaning making. Drawing from research conducted at a South African fine art department, the author considers whether a transfer of Barthes’s notion of author to student intentionality and reader to lecturer interpretation is a constructive framework for student learning. In the case studied, flat approaches to the poststructuralist “intentionality fallacy” were found to further exacerbate unequal power dynamics, with detrimental effects on student learning. An argument is made for more ethically aware approaches to the balance between interpretation and intentionality by recognizing that it echoes the relationship between self and other.
Schopenhauer on Sense Perception and Aesthetic Cognition
Authors: Vandenabeele Bart 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Schopenhauer’s account of sense perception contains an acute critique of Kant’s theory of cognition. His analysis of the role of the understanding in perception may be closer to Kant’s than he conceded, but his physiological analysis of the role of the senses nonetheless proffers a more plausible account than Kant’s transcendental conception of perception and understanding. Schopenhauer also makes a radically un-Kantian move when he suggests that human cognition is driven by human needs, urges, affects, and desires. The understanding is no mere transcendental faculty but a biological tool. The cerebral system helps the organism survive and express (and fulfill) its needs and wishes. In aesthetic perception, however, the cerebral system now operates detached from the individual will. This “will-less,” aesthetic cognition is pleasurable, not merely because it offers relief from the sufferings that trouble the willing self but also because it procures a heightened and painless state of mind that transcends ordinary cognition of the phenomenal world and generates a deeper insight into the timeless universals behind the mere appearances of things. Thus Schopenhauer not only moves beyond Kant’s transcendental epistemology, supplementing it with an illuminating account of ordinary perception, but also overcomes Kant’s aesthetics by showing that the value of a genuine aesthetic experience cannot be reduced to the value of the (disinterested) pleasure it affords.
Communicating the Garììfuna Culture in Contemporary Church Music
Authors: Norales Francisca 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The manner in which a person views the universe originates from her/his culture. If someone should be asked of the predominant element found in every culture that has for centuries given people their perspective of the universe, certainly, the answer would be, Religion! The responsibility of generating and preserving the elements of one’s perspective of the universe has rested with religious institutions such as Methodist, Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, or spiritual leaders such as the Buddha. Whether the element is developed through the teaching of the Holy Bible, Catechism, Vedas, or Koran, people globally, including Garììfuna-speaking people of Central America, have always felt the need beyond themselves for guidance and values to live productive lives. Music, one of the components for becoming a recipient of the title “Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity” for outstanding cultural spaces or forms of expression by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), is integral to Garììnagu. This research explores the songs in contemporary worship services in the Roman Catholic Church in Belize. Additionally, it forms the basis for other denominations to creatively seek viable ways of incorporating Garììfuna music and culture into worship services.
Introductory Note to “Contemporary Psychology and Art: Toward a Debate” by Lev S. Vygotsky
Authors: Fróis João Pedro 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
In this article is presented the first translation into English of Lev Vygotsky’s text entitled “Contemporary Psychology and Art: Toward a Debate.” This text was published in the influential monthly journal Sovietskoe Iskusstvo (Soviet Art) in 1927-1928. Therefore, the translated text presents some of the Vygotsky’s seminal thought on aesthetics and art. In this text he deals with theories of W. Wundt, W. Köhler, E. Utitz, T. Lipps, L. Tolstoy, and V. Shklovsky. In the introductory note are given insights on the translated text, namely, on Russian and Eastern European psychology and philosophy. These texts are from the time of the Russian Revolution and are contextualized within the when Vygotsky’s article was written. The studies on theater and literature were undertaken by Lev Vygotsky during the initial phase of his scientific work, roughly until 1925. They provided him with elements for the elaboration of his theory on the development of higher mental functions during his short-lived career in Moscow. The importance he ascribed to the problems of aesthetics and art are well illustrated in the presented text.
Relationship between early bone mineral density changes and long‐term function and radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bejarano Victoria , Hensor Elizabeth , Green Michael , Haugeberg Glenn , Brown Andrew K. , Buch Maya H. , Emery Paul , Conaghan Philip G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain whether bone mineral density loss during the first year of treatment for early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as assessed by dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) is associated with long‐term function, quality of life, and radiographic progression.MethodsEarly RA patients, prior to commencing disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug therapy, underwent evaluation with DXA scans of both hands, femoral neck, and lumbar spine at the time of diagnosis, then at 1 year and final followup at >6 years. Clinical and laboratory data and hands and feet radiographs were obtained at baseline and final followup.ResultsSixty‐four patients were assessed. At baseline, median disease duration was 6 months, mean 28‐joint Disease Activity Score was 5.85, and median Health Assessment Questionnaire score was 1.38. Median followup was 6.4 years (range 5.1–7.2 years). For erosion scores, 86% of patients with hand bone density loss above the smallest detectable change after 1 year progressed versus 55% of those with no hand bone density loss (P = 0.006). However, baseline radiographs showed a similar strength of association. Eighty‐four percent of patients with erosions at baseline had erosion progression versus 57% of those with no baseline erosions (P = 0.021). Additionally, first‐year bone density loss was not associated with function and quality of life status at followup.ConclusionHand bone loss during the first year of treatment in early RA, as assessed with DXA, was associated with a high likelihood of radiographic progression; however, in the current study this was not superior to baseline radiographs. Furthermore, it was not associated with patient‐reported outcomes.
Smoking as a risk factor for short‐term outcomes following primary total hip and total knee replacement in veterans
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Houston Thomas K. , Ponce Brent A. , Maddox Grady , Bishop Michael J. , Richman Joshua , Campagna Elizabeth J. , Henderson William G. , Hawn Mary T. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of smoking on postoperative complications following elective primary total hip replacement (THR) or primary total knee replacement (TKR).MethodsWe used data from the national Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program to examine the association of smoking status at surgery with 30‐day postoperative complication rates (including surgical site and other infections, pneumonia, stroke, myocardial infarction, mortality, and other complications) in veterans undergoing primary elective THR or TKR. Multilevel multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, work relative value units, American Society of Anesthesiology classification, and year of surgery, with additional adjustment for wound classification for surgical site infections, were used.ResultsA total of 33,336 patients, 95% men and 80% white with a mean age of 64 years, underwent elective primary THR/TKR between October 2001 and September 2008. Fifty‐seven percent never smoked, 19% were prior smokers, and 24% were current smokers. Current smokers undergoing THR/TKR were significantly more likely than never smokers to have surgical site infections (odds ratio [OR] 1.41, 95% CI 1.16–1.72), pneumonia (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.10–2.14), stroke (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.26–5.41), and 1‐year mortality (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.31–2.02). Prior smokers were significantly more likely than nonsmokers to have pneumonia, (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.00–1.80), stroke (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.12–4.10), and urinary tract infection (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.02–1.55).ConclusionCurrent smoking at the time of elective THR or TKR is associated with increased postarthroplasty complications, especially surgical site infections and pneumonia. Preoperative smoking cessation programs should be considered in patients undergoing elective THR or TKR.
Analysis of Cavity‐Mode Lasing Characteristics from a Resonator with Broadband Cholesteric Liquid‐Crystal Bragg Reflectors
Authors: Choi Hyunhee , Nishimura Suzushi , Toyooka Takehiro , Ishikawa Ken , Takezoe Hideo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDetailed optical lasing characteristics in liquid crystal (LC) microlasers consisting of multiple polymer cholesteric LC (PCLC) layers are presented as broadband resonators sandwiching a layer of thick gain media, dye‐containing nematic LC (NLC) or isotropic liquid, in between. Multiple lasing emission peaks due to Fabry‐Perot cavity modes are observed for both gain media, and their polarization characteristics investigated. To analyze lasing characteristics, specified eigen modes are defined, the polarization states of which are maintained before and after passing through the broadband resonator, and obtained for the present full system by using the Berreman 4 × 4 matrix method. Using these specified eigen modes, the optical density for each mode is calculated and compared with the experimental results, and shows good agreement. Finally, lasing characteristics between the resonators with NLC and isotropic gain media are compared, and the advantages of adopting dye‐doped NLC gain medium are shown for tunable red, green, blue lasing in a microlaser system with a broadband resonator.
One‐Step Wet‐Spinning Process of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) Fibers and the Origin of Higher Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Jalili Rouhollah , Razal Joselito M. , Innis Peter C. , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA simplified wet‐spinning process for the production of continuous poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) fibers is reported. Conductivity enhancement of PEDOT:PSS fibers up to 223 S cm−1 has been demonstrated when these fibers are exposed to ethylene glycol as a post‐synthesis processing step. In a new spinning approach it is shown that by employing a spinning formulation consisting of an aqueous blend of PEDOT:PSS and poly(ethlylene glycol), the need for post‐spinning treatment with ethylene glycol is eliminated. With this approach, 30‐fold conductivity enhancements from 9 to 264 S cm−1 are achieved with respect to an untreated fiber. This one‐step approach also demonstrates a significant enhancement in the redox properties of the fibers. These improvements are attributed to an improved molecular ordering of the PEDOT chains in the direction of the fiber axis and the consequential enrichment of linear (or expanded‐coil like) conformation to preference bipolaronic electronic structures as evidenced by Raman spectroscopy, solid‐state electron spin resonance (ESR) and in situ electrochemical ESR studies.
Enhanced Transport of Nanoparticles Across a Porous Nanotube Sponge
Authors: Li Hongbian , Gui Xuchun , Zhang Luhui , Ji Chunyan , Zhang Yichi , Sun Pengzhan , Wei Jinquan , Wang Kunlin , Zhu Hongwei , Wu Dehai , Cao Anyuan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe movement of nanoparticles across cell membranes in a controlled manner is important for developing applications related to filtration, penetration, and biological systems. Here, the tunable transport of metal nanoparticle suspensions with well‐defined particle sizes and surface groups through a ≈1 mm‐thick porous carbon nanotube sponge filter is reported. Au particles with a relatively large diameter (40 nm) alone are easily trapped by the nanotube sponge even in a dilute water flow, but they can quickly pass through the sponges by the addition of much smaller particles (4 nm) to the suspension. A mechanistic study shows that the dominating interaction mode between Au particles and the sponge is physical trapping within the nanotube networks rather than Coulomb attraction. In the nanoparticle mixture, surface groups on the small particles tend to form hydrogen bonds with groups on large particles, thereby increasing interparticle distances, and preventing formation of severe agglomerates; large particles can therefore move across interconnected nanotubes more smoothly. It might be possible to switch the transport of many different nanoparticles across porous media on and off by adding or removing smaller particles of the same type.