bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative genomics in ecological physiology: toward a more nuanced understanding of acclimation and adaptation
Authors: Whitehead Andrew 
Published: February 2012

SummaryOrganisms that live in variable environments must adjust their physiology to compensate for environmental change. Modern functional genomics technologies offer global top-down discovery-based tools for identifying and exploring the mechanistic basis by which organisms respond physiologically to a detected change in the environment. Given that populations and species from different niches may exhibit different acclimation abilities, comparative genomic approaches may offer more nuanced understanding of acclimation responses, and provide insight into the mechanistic and genomic basis of variable acclimation. The physiological genomics literature is large and growing, as is the comparative evolutionary genomics literature. Yet, expansion of physiological genomics experiments to exploit taxonomic variation remains relatively undeveloped. Here, recent advances in the emerging field of comparative physiological genomics are considered, including examples of plants, bees and fish, and opportunities for further development are outlined particularly in the context of climate change research. Elements of robust experimental design are discussed with emphasis on the phylogenetic comparative approach. Understanding how acclimation ability is partitioned among populations and species in nature, and knowledge of the relevant genes and mechanisms, will be important for characterizing and predicting the ecological and evolutionary consequences of human-accelerated environmental change.
Roles of transport and mixing processes in kelp forest ecology
Authors: Gaylord Brian , Nickols Kerry J. , Jurgens Laura 
Published: February 2012

Summary
Fluid-dynamic transport and mixing processes affect birth, death, immigration and emigration rates in kelp forests, and can modulate broader community interactions. In the most highly studied canopy-forming kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (the giant kelp), models of hydrodynamic and oceanographic phenomena influencing spore movement provide bounds on reproduction, quantify patterns of local and regional propagule supply, identify scales of population connectivity, and establish context for agents of early life mortality. Other analyses yield insight into flow-mediated species interactions within kelp forests. In each case, advances emerge from the use of ecomechanical approaches that propagate physical–biological connections at the scale of the individual to higher levels of ecological organization. In systems where physical factors strongly influence population, community or ecosystem properties, such mechanics-based methods promote crucial progress but are just beginning to realize their full potential.
The influence of local- and landscape-scale processes on spatial self-organization in estuarine ecosystems
Authors: van de Koppel Johan , Bouma Tjeerd J. , Herman Peter M. J. 
Published: February 2012

Summary
Complexity theory proposes that spatial self-organization, the process whereby small-scale, localized interactions among the components of a system generate complex spatial structures at large spatial scales, explains the formation of autogenic spatial patterns in ecosystems. We question this premise by reviewing three estuarine ecosystems – mussel beds, mudflats and salt marshes – where self-organization has been put forward to explain spatial patterns. Our review highlights that these self-organized estuarine systems are shaped by the combination of small-scale interactions between ecological and physical processes on the one hand, and large-scale physical forcing on the other. More specifically, local interactions generate patchiness at small spatial scales, whereas landscape forcing determines the shape and orientation of these patches in the landscape. We present a framework that illustrates how self-organized ecosystems are shaped by interactions between organisms and physical processes occurring at multiple spatial scales. Moreover, the present review of estuarine systems underlines that scale-dependent feedbacks are capable of explaining spatial patterns that are much more complex than the regular patterns to which they have been applied so far.
Agrarian Populism in Colonial and Postcolonial Malawi
Authors: Green Erik 
Published: February 2012

Abstract:This article analyses continuity and change of the agrarian doctrine in colonial and postcolonial Malawi. It engages in a classic debate about images and polices concerning African farming. The article argues that the agrarian doctrine must be related to the broader notion of agrarian populism, more specifically to Chayanov's notion of the logic of the peasant family farm. Employing this broader approach allows a striking continuity of the agrarian doctrine to be revealed. Calls for changes of local institutions did not signify attempts to promote rural transformation, but contained strategies to increase the economic independence of the precapitalist family farm.
Modern Media and Culture in Senegal: Speaking Truth to Power
Authors: Gueye Marame 
Published: February 2012

Abstract:In a You Tube video, a young man performs a satirical poem about Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade. The author brilliantly sums up Wade's tenure in one minute. He compares the president to “a rat's hole” and makes fun of his physical features while emphasizing many ways in which Wade has failed the nation. Some viewers thought the performance was disrespectful of the president, and others feared for the author's safety. This article argues that although the World Wide Web gives voice to African youth, it can be a dangerous space, especially for artists. The viewers' negative comments and their concern for the author's life is a modern response to his art and a consequence of its presentation on the Internet. If viewed through the lenses of traditional Wolof oral forms, however, the poem's harsh rhetoric takes on less controversial meanings that the viewers did not seem to understand.
The Structure of Open-Mindedness
Authors: Baehr Jason 
Published: February 2012

Open-mindedness enjoys widespread recognition as an intellectual virtue. This is evident, among other ways, in its appearance on nearly every list of intellectual virtues in the virtue epistemology literature. Despite its popularity, however, it is far from clear what exactly openmindedness amounts to: that is, what sort of intellectual orientation or activity is essential to it. In fact, there are ways of thinking about open-mindedness that cast serious doubt on its status as an intellectual virtue.Consider the following description, from Robert Roberts and Jay Wood (2007), of a ‘bright college freshman, taking an introductory course in philosophy.’
Does the Communication of Causal Linkages Improve Employee Effort Allocations and Firm Performance? An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Farrell Anne M. , Kadous Kathryn , Towry Kristy L. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT
We use a multi-period production task to experimentally examine whether communication about causal linkages between actions today and performance tomorrow improves employee effort allocations and firm performance. We base our predictions on melioration theory, which anticipates that employees will allocate effort as though causal linkages were not there. We find that, absent communication about causal linkages, one-third of participants allocate effort without regard to causal linkages. Communicating qualitative information about linkages significantly improves effort allocations and performance. Communicating quantitative information about the linkage is no more beneficial than communicating qualitative information. Our results have implications for firms examining the benefits and costs of developing, validating, and quantifying causal linkages between performance measures, and they provide important evidence about how melioration theory can be extended to a rich context.
Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from the authors upon request.
Diagnostic Imaging of an Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Tonarelli John M. , Mabry Lance M. , Ross Michael D. 
Published: February 2012

The patient was a 45-year-old man who was referred to a physical therapist with a chief complaint of posterior right ankle pain for the past 2 weeks. The physical therapist requested radiographs, which demonstrated obliteration of Kager's fat pad, a finding highly suspicious for an Achilles tendon rupture. Based upon history, physical examination, and radiographic findings, the physical therapist ordered magnetic resonance imaging which confirmed the diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(11):904. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.0422
Thermal and Pressure Pain Sensitivity in Patients with Unilateral Shoulder Pain: Comparison of Involved and Uninvolved Sides
Authors: Coronado Rogelio A. , Kindler Lindsay L. , Valencia Carolina , George Steven Z. 
Published: February 2012

Study Design Cross-sectional. Background In the examination of patients with unilateral shoulder pain, pain provocation testing to compare the involved and uninvolved sides has been considered useful. However, side-to-side comparisons of experimental pain sensitivity in patients with unilateral shoulder pain are not widely reported in the literature. Objectives To compare experimental pain sensitivity between the involved and uninvolved sides in patients with unilateral shoulder pain. Methods In consecutive patients seeking operative treatment for shoulder pain, sensitivity measures of bilateral pressure pain threshold at the shoulder and forearm, and thermal pain threshold, tolerance, and temporal summation at the forearm, were examined. Pressure sensitivity was tested with a Fischer pressure algometer, and thermal sensitivity with a computer-controlled Medoc neurosensory analyzer. The involved and uninvolved sides were compared with an analysis of variance. Influence of sex and location of testing were considered as covariates in the analysis. Results Fifty-nine consecutively recruited participants completed experimental pain sensitivity testing. Participants reported significantly lower pressure pain thresholds in the involved side compared to the uninvolved side (F1,56 = 4.96, P = .030). In addition, female compared to male participants demonstrated lower pressure pain thresholds in the bilateral shoulder regions (F1,56 = 10.84, P = .002). There was no difference in thermal pain sensitivity between sides. Average clinical pain intensity was negatively correlated with pressure pain threshold at the involved local site (r = −0.284, P = .029), indicating an influence of clinical pain intensity on local pressure pain. Conclusion The results of this study provide evidence for higher experimental pressure pain sensitivity in the involved side of patients with unilateral shoulder pain and no difference between sides for thermal pain sensitivity. Females demonstrated higher pain sensitivity than males to pressure stimuli at the local shoulder region but not at the distal regions. Future studies should incorporate multiple stimuli when describing the pain profile of clinical populations. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther2011;41(3):165–173, Epub 10 November 2010.doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3416
JOSPT: The Way Ahead
Authors: Simoneau Guy G. 
Published: February 2012

Last Fall, JOSPT conducted an extensive environmental survey that attracted 560 respondents. The survey represented the Journal's many stakeholder groups, including authors, reviewers, editors, Orthopaedic and Sports Sections members, individual and institutional subscribers, and international partners. The Journal also held a strategic planning meeting and adopted a plan for the next 2 years. Among other findings, the survey showed that journals remain the most important means by which professionals stay current in the field of musculoskeletal rehabilitation. The survey also highlighted the technological sea change in publishing today. The expansion of JOSPT's online features in recent years, the need to select the “right” technologies, the plethora of content delivery options already available, and the growing demand to read and access the Journal anytime, anywhere, dominated the survey's results. Based on this survey, existing initiatives, and discussion at the planning meeting, JOSPT's plan for the future has at its heart technology as means of developing and disseminating clinically relevant information to improve patient care. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(1):3–4. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.0102
Atypical Subtrochanteric Femoral Fracture
Authors: Park Si Young , Lee Soon Hyuck , Han Seung Beom 
Published: February 2012

The patient was a 72-year-old woman who presented to an emergency department with a chief complaint of severe right thigh pain following a fall. Prior to the fall, the patient reported an 8-month history of worsening right thigh pain. The patient had a 4-year history of alendronate and calcium use to manage her osteoporosis. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) hip images taken 1 month prior to the patient's fracture demonstrated lateral cortical thickening in the subtrochanteric region of the femur. In retrospect, this finding was concerning for impending complete fracture. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(1):44. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.0402
The Stone Age Revisited: Building a Monolithic Inorganic Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Delaizir Gaelle , Viallet Virginie , Aboulaich Abdelmaula , Bouchet Renaud , Tortet Laurence , Seznec Vincent , Morcrette Mathieu , Tarascon Jean‐Marie , Rozier Patrick , Dollé Mickael 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA new path for the design of safe and efficient, all‐solid‐state Li‐ion batteries by spark plasma sintering (SPS) is considered. To reach a good electrochemical performance from such batteries, several parameters are investigated, such as the composite‐electrode formulation (active material/electrolyte/carbon ratio) and the influence of the sintering parameters on their compactness. The formulation is optimized to ensure good ionic and electronic percolation through the composite electrode's volume. The compactness has to be sufficient to guarantee a good mechanical aspect, while the residual porosity in the composite electrode allows electrode‐volume changes upon insertion and deinsertion, preserving the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, which are crucial in such technology. Based on these investigations, an all‐solid‐state battery with a surface capacity of 2.2 mA h cm−2 is assembled by SPS, displaying a promising electrochemical performance at 80 °C.
A New Piece in the Puzzle of Lithium/Air Batteries: Computational Study on the Chemical Stability of Propylene Carbonate in the Presence of Lithium Peroxide
Authors: Laino Teodoro , Curioni Alessandro 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe electrolyte role in non‐aqueous lithium/air batteries is attracting a lot of attention in several research groups, because of its fundamental importance in producing the appropriate reversible electrochemical reduction. While recent published works identify the lithium superoxide as the main degrading agent for propylene carbonate (PC), there is no clear experimental evidence that the oxygen at the cathode interface layer does not reduce further to peroxide before reacting with PC. Here, we investigate the reactivity of lithium peroxide versus propylene carbonate and find that Li2O2 irreversibly decomposes the carbonate solvent, leading to alkyl carbonates. We also show that, compared with a single Li2O2 unit in PC, a crystalline surface of Li2O2 exhibits an enhanced reactivity. Our findings support the possibility that in lithium/air cells, oxygen may still be reduced to peroxide, with the formation of solid Li2O2, which degrades by decomposing PC.
Pentacoordinate NiII Complexes: Preparation, Magnetic Measurements, and Ab Initio Calculations of the Magnetic Anisotropy Terms
Authors: Costes Jean‐Pierre , Maurice Rémi , Vendier Laure 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTwo novel mononuclear five‐coordinate nickel complexes with distorted square‐pyramidal geometries are presented. They result from association of a tridentate “half‐unit” ligand and 6,6′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine according to a stepwise process that highlights the advantage of coordination chemistry in isolating an unstable tridentate ligand by nickel chelation. Their zero‐field splittings (ZFS) were studied by means of magnetic data and state‐of‐the‐art ab initio calculations. Good agreement between the experimental and theoretical axial D parameters confirms that large single‐ion nickel anisotropies are accessible. The synthetic process can also yield dinuclear nickel complexes in which the nickel ions are hexacoordinate. This possibility is facilitated by the presence of phenoxo oxygen atoms in the tridentate ligand that can introduce a bridge between the two nickel ions. Two different double bridges are characterized, with the bridging oxygen atoms coming from each nickel ion or from the same nickel ion. This coordination change introduces a difference in the antiferromagnetic interaction parameter J. Although the magnetic data confirm the presence of single‐ion anisotropies in these complexes, these terms cannot be determined in a straightforward way from experiment due to the mismatch between the principal axes of the local anisotropies and the presence of intersite anisotropies.
Buffer Capacity of Microfiltered Skim Milk Concentrates
Authors: Wolfschoon‐Pombo Alan F. , Böttger Daphne , Lösche Klaus 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDie Pufferkapazität β von Magermilch (MM), von mikrofiltrierten Magermilchkonzentraten und vom MM‐Verdampferkonzentrat wurde anhand einer titrimetrischen Methode und der van‐Slyke‐Gleichung bestimmt. Die Wirkung verschiedener Pufferpaare wurde durch individuelle Pufferungskurven und pKa‐Werte abgebildet bzw. errechnet. Es zeigten sich lineare Korrelationen zwischen β und dem Casein‐, dem Molkenprotein‐ und dem Aschegehalt. Höhere Trockenmassekonzentrationen durch Konzentrierung mit Mikrofiltration sowie Verdampfung resultieren bei Säuretitration in höheren gemessenen Pufferkapazitäten.
Use of complementary medications among older adults with cancer
Authors: Maggiore Ronald J. , Gross Cary P. , Togawa Kayo , Tew William P. , Mohile Supriya G. , Owusu Cynthia , Klepin Heidi D. , Lichtman Stuart M. , Gajra Ajeet , Ramani Rupal , Katheria Vani , Klapper Shira M. , Hansen Kurt , Hurria Arti ,   on behalf of the Cancer and Aging Research Group
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Little is known about complementary medication use among older adults with cancer, particularly those who are receiving chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of complementary medication use and to identify the factors associated with its use among older adults with cancer.METHODS:The prevalence of complementary medication use (defined as herbal agents, minerals, or other dietary supplements, excluding vitamins) was evaluated in a cohort of adults aged ≥65 years who were about to start chemotherapy for their cancer. The associations between complementary medication use and patient characteristics (sociodemographics; comorbidities; and functional, nutritional, psychological, and cognitive status), medication use (number of medications and concurrent vitamin use), and cancer characteristics (type and stage) were analyzed.RESULTS:The cohort included 545 patients (mean age, 73 years; range, 65‐91 years; 52% women) with cancer (61% stage IV). Seventeen percent of these patients (N = 93) reported using ≥1 complementary medication; the mean number of complementary medications among users was 2 (range, 1‐10 medications). Complementary medication use was associated with 1) earlier cancer stage (29% had stage I‐II disease vs 17% with stage III‐IV disease; odds ratio [OR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21‐3.49) and 2) less impairment with instrumental activities of daily living (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.12‐1.73).CONCLUSIONS:Complementary medication use was reported by 17% of older adults with cancer and was more common among those who had less advanced disease (i.e., those receiving adjuvant, potentially curative treatment) and higher functional status. Further studies are needed to determine the association between complementary medication use and cancer outcomes among older adults. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
NY‐ESO‐1 is a ubiquitous immunotherapeutic target antigen for patients with myxoid/round cell liposarcoma
Authors: Pollack Seth M. , Jungbluth Achim A. , Hoch Benjamin L. , Farrar Erik A. , Bleakley Marie , Schneider David J. , Loggers Elizabeth T. , Rodler Eve , Eary Janet F. , Conrad, III Ernest U. , Jones Robin L. , Yee Cassian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCL) is the second most common liposarcoma subtype, accounting for >33% of liposarcomas and approximately 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Although MRCL is a chemosensitive subtype, patients with metastatic disease have a poor outcome. NY‐ESO‐1 is a cancer‐testis antigen (also known as cancer germ cell antigen) that has been successfully targeted in vaccine trials and in adoptive T‐cell therapy trials for the treatment of several solid tumors.METHODS:The authors investigated the feasibility of targeting NY‐ESO‐1 in patients with MRCL by evaluating the prevalence of NY‐ESO‐1 expression in tumors using immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis. NY‐ESO‐1–specific tumor recognition by NY‐ESO‐1–specific T‐cells also was analyzed using a chromium release assay.RESULTS:A search of the University of Washington Sarcoma Tissue Bank identified paraffin‐embedded tumor samples from 25 patients with MRCL. NY‐ESO‐1 expression was observed in every MRCL tumor assessed (100%); in 18 tumors (72%), staining was homogenous. In all but 2 tumors, staining was sufficiently robust (2+) that such patients would be eligible for clinical trials of NY‐ESO‐1–directed therapy. By using NY‐ESO‐1 specific, CD8‐positive T‐cells, the in vitro sensitivity of myxoid liposarcoma cell lines to antigen‐specific lysis was demonstrated.CONCLUSIONS:The current results establish NY‐ESO‐1 as an important target antigen for the treatment of patients with MRCL. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Finding a Voice: A Journey Towards Being Assertive
Authors: Dennis Maxine 
Published: February 2012

This is a case study of two depressed women who were able to benefit from a 16‐week course of Interpersonal Psychotherapy. This well‐established brief psychotherapy has become increasingly available throughout the UK. The focus of this biopsychosocial approach that is on change within the patients interpersonal world means a more active goal‐focused approach that addresses symptomatic and emotional concerns using the individuals narrative. In both cases, there was a significant reported change in their depression, initial presenting problems, understanding of their difficulties and interpersonal functioning Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

An effective psychosocial approach to address depression.
The importance of the focus on an individual's narrative within brief therapy.
The utility of a brief therapy for some patients.