bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5G new radio multiuser precoding in geostationary satellite networks
Authors: Artiga Xavier , Vázquez Miguel Ángel 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe multiuser precoding procedures standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for new radio (NR) represent a new opportunity to realize satellite precoding for capacity improvement, given the integration of non‐terrestrial networks in the 3GPP framework. This work analyses and numerically evaluates them for the geostationary satellite scenarios consolidated by the 3GPP. It shows that the preferred precoding matrix indicated by NR codebooks is not able to handle properly the inter‐beam interference and should only be used to estimate the propagation channel. To this aim, we propose the use of modified type II port selection codebooks reporting on the strongest beams, which correspond to the higher interferences. Since the obtention of high precoding gains requires the operation in rather high signal‐to‐noise regimes and the proper estimation of the interfering contributions from many beams, we propose to enlarge the maximum number of beams reported by each precoding matrix indicator (PMI) report, currently limited to four. As alternative, we also evaluate a sequential multi‐report framework considering the effects of channel‐state information aging and the user equipment (UE) processing times. It preserves the current limits on the number of reported beams but increases the system overhead signalling. The quantization of estimated coefficients is also analysed, not only from the overhead point of view but also to properly report weak interferers corresponding to distant beams, due to the increase in the number of reported beams. Moreover, we identify the minimum interference power a UE should be able to detect to achieve the theoretical large precoding gains.
Making in‐the‐moment learning visible: A framework to identify and compare various ways of learning through continuity and discourse change
Authors: Karch Jessica M. , Maggiore Nicolette M. , Pierre‐Louis Jennifer R. , Strange Destiny , Dini Vesal , Caspari‐Gnann Ira 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSmall group interactions and interactions with near‐peer instructors such as learning assistants serve as fertile opportunities for student learning in undergraduate active learning classrooms. To understand what students take away from these interactions, we need to understand how and what they learn during the moment of their interaction. This study builds on practical epistemology analysis to develop a framework to study this in‐the‐moment learning during interactions by operationalizing it through the lens of discourse change and continuity toward three ends. Using video recordings of students and learning assistants interacting in a variety of contexts including remote, in‐person, and hybrid classrooms in introductory chemistry and physics at two universities, we developed an analytical framework that can characterize learning in the moment of interaction, is sensitive to different kinds of learning, and can be used to compare interactions. The framework and its theoretical underpinnings are described in detail. In‐depth examples demonstrate how the framework can be applied to classroom data to identify and differentiate different ways in which in‐the‐moment learning occurs.
The Development and Validation of a Decision Aid to Enhance Shared Decision-Making for the Management of Actinic Keratosis
Authors: Brent Geoffrey , Beardmore Caroline , Mayers Kate , Barea Alberto , Samarasinghe Venura , Pinder Vanessa , Soo Julia , Akhras Victoria , Jiyad Zainab 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common pre-malignant lesions. There are numerous management options including active surveillance, multiple topical therapies, cryotherapy, curettage and cautery, and photodynamic therapy, each with their own risks, benefits and efficacy. Best practice currently involves shared decision-making between patient and clinician, particularly in the setting of multiple management options. Patient decision aids have been shown to be beneficial in the shared decision-making process. In view of this, we have developed and validated a decision aid for the management of AKs, in concordance with the International Patient Decision Aids Standards.
Model uncertainties in action effects and load bearing capacity calculation in statically indeterminate reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Malja Xhemsi , Nussbaumer Alain , Muttoni Aurelio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor the dimensioning and assessment of structures, it is common practice to compare action effects with sectional resistances. Extensive studies have been performed to quantify the model uncertainty on the resistance side. However, for statically indeterminate systems, the model uncertainty in the calculation of action effects has not been properly investigated yet. The aim of this article is to contribute in quantifying the model uncertainty in action effects and load bearing capacity calculations for reinforced concrete structures, accounting for the type of mechanical model used and for various failure modes. To collect a sufficient amount of data and perform statistical analyses, the experimental response of statically indeterminate systems is obtained with a simple and effective technique which allows using experimental results available in literature. Finally, on the basis of a parametric analysis and case studies, practical implications are discussed and recommendations are given concerning the implementation in the partial safety factor format.
Cation‐Dependent Nuclearity of New Homoleptic Azidocuprates(II), From Discrete Ions to Anionic Strands and Sheets
Authors: Hinz Alexander , Köckerling Martin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn chemical reactions of copper(II) acetate dihydrate with imidazolium azide salts in ethanol solution several new homoleptic azidocuprates(II) were obtained. In dependency of the used counter cation various different azidocuprate moieties were crystalized. The doubly charged DMMDIm2+ cation facilitates the formation of mononuclear [Cu(N3)4]2− complex anions, while the utilisation of the (PeMIm)+ ion enables the isolation of a dinuclear [Cu2(N3)6]2− salt. By using the unsymmetrical imidazolium ions (BMIm)+ or (EMIm)+ salts with the trinuclear [Cu3(N3)8]2− complex anion are obtained. With the (DML)+ cation an azidocuprate(II) crystallizes, which contains both [Cu(N3)4]2− and the [Cu2(N3)6]2− anion. The anions in the salt with the (PeMIm)+ cation are interconnected through further Cu−N bonds and form layers with a 2D‐honeycomb structure. The trinuclear units in the (BMIm)+ and the (EMIm)+salts form coordination strands of different structures.
Inflationary Krylov complexity
Authors: Li Tao , Liu Lei-Hua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this work, we have systematically investigated the Krylov complexity of curvature perturbation for the modified dispersion relation in inflation, using the algorithm in closed system and open system. Since many quantum gravitational frameworks could lead to this kind of modified dispersion relation, our analysis could be applied to the string cosmology, loop gravity, e.t.c. Following the Lanczos algorithm, we find the very early universe is an infinite, many-body, and maximal chaotic system. Our numerics shows that the Lanczos coefficient and Lyapunov index of the standard dispersion relation are mainly determined by the scale factor. As for the modified case, it is nearly determined by the momentum. In a method of the closed system, we discover that the Krylov complexity will show irregular oscillation before the horizon exits. The modified case will present faster growth after the horizon exists. Since the whole universe is an open system, the approach of an open system is more realistic and reliable. Then, we construct the exact wave function which is very robust only requiring the Lanczos coefficient proportional to n (main quantum number). Based on it, we find the Krylov complexity and Krylov entropy could nicely recover in the case of a closed system under the weak dissipative approximation, in which our analysis shows that the evolution of Krylov complexity will not be the same with the original situation. We also find the inflationary period is a strong dissipative system. Meanwhile, our numerics clearly shows the Krylov complexity will grow during the whole inflationary period. But for the small scales, there will be a peak after the horizon exits. Our analysis reveals that the dramatic change in background (inflation) will significantly impact the evolution of Krylov complexity. Since the curvature perturbation will transit from the quantum level to the classical level. We could expect that the decoherence will highly impact the Krylov complexity during inflation.
Involvement of the glymphatic/meningeal lymphatic system in Alzheimer’s disease: insights into proteostasis and future directions
Authors: Yamada Kaoru , Iwatsubo Takeshi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by the abnormal accumulation of Aβ and tau proteins. There has long been a keen interest among researchers in understanding how Aβ and tau are ultimately cleared in the brain. The discovery of this glymphatic system introduced a novel perspective on protein clearance and it gained recognition as one of the major brain clearance pathways for clearing these pathogenic proteins in AD. This finding has sparked interest in exploring the potential contribution of the glymphatic/meningeal lymphatic system in AD. Furthermore, there is a growing emphasis and discussion regarding the possibility that activating the glymphatic/meningeal lymphatic system could serve as a novel therapeutic strategy against AD.

Objectives
Given this current research trend, the primary focus of this comprehensive review is to highlight the role of the glymphatic/meningeal lymphatic system in the pathogenesis of AD. The discussion will encompass future research directions and prospects for treatment in relation to the glymphatic/meningeal lymphatic system.
OmniGlasses: an optical aid for stereo vision CNNs to enable omnidirectional image processing
Authors: Seuffert Julian B. , Perez Grassi Ana C. , Ahmed Hamza , Seidel Roman , Hirtz Gangolf 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStereo vision is a key technology for 3D scene reconstruction from image pairs. Most approaches process perspective images from commodity cameras. These images, however, have a very limited field of view and only picture a small portion of the scene. In contrast, omnidirectional images, also known as fisheye images, exhibit a much larger field of view and allow a full 3D scene reconstruction with a small amount of cameras if placed carefully. However, omnidirectional images are strongly distorted which make the 3D reconstruction much more sophisticated. Nowadays, a lot of research is conducted on CNNs for omnidirectional stereo vision. Nevertheless, a significant gap between estimation accuracy and throughput can be observed in the literature. This work aims to bridge this gap by introducing a novel set of transformations, namely OmniGlasses. These are incorporated into the architecture of a fast network, i.e., AnyNet, originally designed for scene reconstruction on perspective images. Our network, Omni-AnyNet, produces accurate omnidirectional distance maps with a mean absolute error of around 13 cm at 48.4 fps and is therefore real-time capable.
Study designs, levels of evidence, and scientific bias
Authors: Deichsel Adrian , Münch Lukas N. , Laky Brenda ,   AGA Research Committee
Published: April 2024

AbstractBias should be taken into account when assessing clinical trials. It can occur in various forms in clinical studies and might influence the results in different directions. Bias can occur through the selection of study patients, the investigators, the type of data, and the analysis of the data. Different study types suffer from different potential biases. The aim of this paper is to describe common types of clinical trials and to illustrate their potential biases.
Geometric analysis of the generalized surface quasi-geostrophic equations
Authors: Bauer Martin , Heslin Patrick , Misiołek Gerard , Preston Stephen C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe investigate the geometry of a family of equations in two dimensions which interpolate between the Euler equations of ideal hydrodynamics and the inviscid surface quasi-geostrophic equation. This family can be realised as geodesic equations on groups of diffeomorphisms. We show precisely when the corresponding Riemannian exponential map is non-linear Fredholm of index 0. We further illustrate this by examining the distribution of conjugate points in these settings via a Morse theoretic approach
Bibliometric comparison of Nobel Prize laureates in physiology or medicine and chemistry
Authors: Bünemann Severin , Seifert Roland 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Nobel Prize is an annual honor awarded to the researchers who have made the greatest contribution to humanity with their work in the year in question. Nobel Prizes for physiology or medicine and chemistry most often have direct or indirect pharmacological relevance. In this study, we performed a bibliometric analysis of Nobel Prize laureates from 2006 to 2022. The parameters include the nationalities and age of the laureates, age at their productivity peaks, the research locations, the H-index, the age-adjusted H-index, and the number of citations and publications, and, for each parameter, a comparison of female and male award laureates. Men were much more often awarded the Nobel Prize than women. Surprisingly, women were younger than their male colleagues at the time of the award although the productivity peak was similar. There was a correlation between all publications and the H-index, which was slightly stronger for women than for men. The age-adjusted H-index showed no difference among genders. The USA were the country with the highest number of Nobel Prize laureates, both male and female. Overall, the bibliometric characteristics of male and female Nobel Prize laureates are similar, indicating that among the group of Nobel Prize laureates, there is no bias against women. Rather, the achievements of women are recognized earlier than those of men. The major difference is that the number of women becoming Nobel Prize laureates is much smaller than the number of men. This study provides a starting for future studies with larger populations of scientists to analyze disparities.
Five-Year Experience of Interwoven Self-Expanding Stent Implantation in Stenotic Kinking of Below the Knee Prosthetic Bypasses
Authors: Salamaga Szymon , Stanišić Michał-Goran , Stępak Hubert , Błaszyk Maciej , Krasiński Zbigniew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 5-year real-world results of Supera stent implantation in below the knee prosthetic bypasses (BKPBs). All the procedures were performed because of a history of recurrent thrombosis of the graft and significant stenotic kinking of the prosthesis during knee flexion. A Supera stent was implanted to prevent the next potential BKPB thrombosis.

Materials and Methods
Fourteen patients were included in this single-center, retrospective observational cohort study. All patients underwent Supera stent implantation in infrainguinal prosthetic bypass between 2012 and 2017, due to a history of recurrent thrombosis and kinking of the prosthetic bypass.

Results
Prior to Supera stent implantation procedure, all the patients had more than one episode of acute limb ischemia caused by thrombosis of the BKPB. The median number of BKPB thromboses prior to Supera stent implantation was 3 and ranged from 2 to 6. Technical success was achieved in all cases. Primary patency rates at 12, 24, 36 and 60 months were 71.4%, 57.1%, 57.1% and 14.3%, respectively. Secondary patency rates at 12, 24, 36 and 60 months were 78.6%, 64.3%, 64.3% and 35.7%, respectively. One stent fracture was reported during 60-month follow-up. Major amputation was performed in 6 patients in 5-year follow-up.

Conclusion
Supera stent in treatment of recurrent thrombosis of BKBP is a safe procedure with acceptable mid-term results. However, larger and comparable prospective studies are needed for broader analysis of this procedure.

Graphical Abstract
Posterior vascular anatomy of the encephalon: a comprehensive review
Authors: Morales-Roccuzzo Diego , Sabahi Mohammadmahdi , Obrzut Michal , Najera Edinson , Monterroso-Cohen David , Bsat Shadi , Adada Badih , Borghei-Razavi Hamid 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This article presents a comprehensive exploration of neurovascular anatomy of the encephalon, focusing specifically on the intricate network within the posterior circulation and the posterior fossa anatomy; enhancing understanding of its dynamics, essential for practitioners in neurosurgery and neurology areas.

Method
A profound literature review was conducted by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using main keywords related to neurovascular anatomy. The selected literature was meticulously scrutinized. Throughout the screening of pertinent papers, further articles or book chapters were obtained through additional assessment of the reference lists. Furthermore, four formalin-fixed, color latex–injected cadaveric specimens preserved in 70% ethanol solution were dissected under surgical microscope (Leica Microsystems Inc, 1700 Leider Ln, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA), using microneurosurgical as well as standard instruments, and a high-speed surgical drill (Stryker Instruments 1941 Stryker Way Portage, MI 49002, USA). Ulterior anatomical dissection was performed.

Results
Detailed examination of the basilar artery (BA), a common trunk formed by the union of the left and right vertebral arteries, denoted a tortuous course across the basilar sulcus. Emphasis is then placed on the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA), Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) and Superior Cerebellar Artery (SCA). Each artery’s complex course through the posterior fossa, its divisions, and potential stroke-related syndromes are explored in detail. The Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) is subsequently unveiled. The posterior fossa venous system is explained, categorizing its channels. A retrograde exploration traces the venous drainage back to the internal jugular vein, unraveling its pathways.

Conclusion
This work serves as a succinct yet comprehensive guide, offering fundamental insights into neurovascular anatomy within the encephalon’s posterior circulation. Intended for both novice physicians and seasoned neuroanatomists, the article aims to facilitate a more efficient clinical decision-making in neurosurgical and neurological practices.
Superb microvascular imaging for evaluating the activity of juvenile localised scleroderma: a preliminary study
Authors: Chen Xiaoyi , Zhou Luyao , Xia Yu , Wong Yik Ning , He Qiancheng , Tang Pengyue , Zhang Shuangshuang , Liu Tingting , Wang Ziyi , Xu Na 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate microvascular changes in juvenile localised scleroderma (JLS) lesions using superb microvascular imaging (SMI) and assess SMI’s utility in evaluating disease activity.

Methods
This prospective study enroled 16 children (7 males) with pathologically diagnosed JLS between January 2021 and June 2023. Lesions were assessed using Localised Scleroderma Cutaneous Assessment Tools, including the localised scleroderma skin activity index (LoSAI) and localised scleroderma skin damage index (LoSDI). Lesions with LoSAI scores > 0 were classified as active. The thickness and blood flow of the lesions and healthy skin layers of the contralateral site were evaluated using ultrasound. SMI was used to detect microvascular blood flow in the lesions and healthy skin, and the vascular index (VI) was calculated. The difference in VI between active lesions and healthy skin was correlated with LoSAI and total scores.

Results
Of 46 lesions, 23 were active and 23 inactive. The skin thickness of the lesion was 0.094 ± 0.024 cm, and that of the healthy site was 0.108 ± 0.026 cm (p < 0.001). The VI of the active lesions and healthy skin were 7.60 (3.60, 12.80)% and 1.10 (0.50, 2.10)%, respectively (p < 0.001). The VI of the inactive lesions and the healthy skin were 0.85 (0.00, 2.20)% and 1.60 (1.00, 3.10)%, respectively (p = 0.011). VI differences between active lesions and healthy skin positively correlated with the LoSAI clinical score (r = 0.625, p = 0.001) and total score (r = 0.842, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
SMI can quantitatively detect microvascular blood flow changes in JLS skin, indicating lesion activity and severity.

Clinical relevance statement
SMI is a convenient, non-invasive, technique for detecting active JLS lesions and can provide valuable information to guide treatment options.

Key Points

Current grading systems of juvenile localised scleroderma rely on subjective clinical information.

Superb Microvascular Imaging identified that vascular indexes between active lesions and healthy skin positively correlated with clinical scores.

Superb Microvascular Imaging effectively assesses microvascular blood flow, aiding juvenile localised scleroderma lesion activity evaluation.
Infection risk reduction with povidone-iodine rectal disinfection prior to transrectal prostate biopsy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tsuboi Ichiro , Matsukawa Akihiro , Parizi Mehdi Kardoust , Klemm Jakob , Mancon Stefano , Chiujdea Sever , Fazekas Tamás , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Kawada Tatsushi , Katayama Satoshi , Iwata Takehiro , Bekku Kensuke , Wada Koichiro , Araki Motoo , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
To prevent infectious complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-PB), some studies have investigated the efficacy of rectal disinfection using povidone-iodine (PI) and antibiotic prophylaxis (AP).

Objective
To summarize available data and compare the efficacy of rectal disinfection using PI with non-PI methods prior to TRUS-PB.

Evidence acquisition
Three databases were queried through November 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) analyzing patients who underwent TRUS-PB. We compared the effectiveness of rectal disinfection between PI groups and non-PI groups with or without AP. The primary outcomes of interest were the rates of overall infectious complications, fever, and sepsis. Subgroups analyses were conducted to assess the differential outcomes in patients using fluoroquinolone groups compared to those using other antibiotics groups.

Evidence synthesis
We included ten RCTs in the meta-analyses. The overall rates of infectious complications were significantly lower when rectal disinfection with PI was performed (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.42–0.74, p < 0.001). Compared to AP monotherapy, the combination of AP and PI was associated with significantly lower risk of infectious complications (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.40–0.73, p < 0.001) and fever (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30–0.75, p = 0.001), but not with sepsis (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.23–1.04, p = 0.06). The use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics was associated with a lower risk of infectious complications and fever compared to non-FQ antibiotics.

Conclusion
Rectal disinfection with PI significantly reduces the rates of infectious complications and fever in patients undergoing TRUS-PB. However, this approach does not show a significant impact on reducing the rate of sepsis following the procedure.