bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterosis of Apparent Photosynthesis Rate in Arachis hypogaea L.1
Authors: Branch W. D. , Pallas J. E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Complete diallel crosses were made among three parental peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes to gain a better understanding of photosynthetic inheritance. Highly controlled environmental conditions were used throughout the study to determine apparent photosynthetic rates. Results indicated significant differences among parents and F1 hybrids. Reciprocal differences were also observed between certain cross combinations. Dominance and overdominance effects were found under these test regimes which suggest a heterotic response for this important characteristic.
Character Association Among Vegetative and Reproductive Traits in Advanced Generation of Intersubspecific and Intrasubspecific Crosses in Peanut1
Authors: Nigan S. N. , Dwivedi S. L. , Sigamani T. S. N. , Gibbons R. W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Character association studies among various vegetative and reproductive trains in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) are important, because of the subterranean nature of pod development. Ninety-seven advanced generation selections derived from intersubspecific and intrasubspecific crosses were grown under high and low fertility environments for two years at ICRISAT to study the association among sixteen vegetative and reproductive traits. Only weight per mature seed with most of the vegetative traits and mature pods per plant, mature pod weight, mature seed per plant, and mature seed weight with height of the main axis and nodes with pegs showed significant positive association. Reproductive traits were significantly and positively associated among themselves. Correlation and path coefficient analyses further revealed that selection for increased mature seed yield per plant would be possible by selecting the component characters such as mature pods per plant, mature pod weight, and mature seeds per plant individually or in combination.
A Rapid Colormetric Test for Alcohol and Aldehyde Concentrations in Peanuts1
Authors: Pattee Harold E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The acidic potassium dichromate-silver nitrate reagent has been evaluated as a rapid colormetric test for alcohol and aldehyde concentrations in peanuts. Increased levels of alcohols and aldehydes have previously been related to off-flavor in peanuts. The acidic potassium dichromate-silver nitrate color-metric test was found to give a linear response for peanut samples which had been spiked with known ethanol concentrations between 10 and 100 nL/g. Peanut samples (200 g) may be assayed in seven minutes thus the method is applicable to the rapid analysis of large numbers of samples. Forty-four samples from commercial lots of peanuts were analyzed and 20 samples were determined to have above background concentrations of alcohols and aldehydes. Aroma response analysis and subsequent statistical analysis showed a curvilinear relationship between alcohol-aldehyde concentrations and aroma response and thus confirms the previously published reports on the alcohol-off-flavor relationship. The application of this method to quality control in peanut samples could be of significant value in improving the quality of peanuts being marketed and thus those being processed into consumer products.
Peanut Web Blotch: I. Cultural Characteristics and Identity of Causal Fungus1
Authors: Taber R. A. , Pettit R. E. , Philley G. L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A foliar disease of peanuts, previously unreported in the USA, was found in Texas in 1972. The pathogen was identified as a species of Ascochyta. Further cultural studies have revealed this fungus to be Phoma arachidicola Marasas, Pauer, and Boerema. Pycnidia form profusely at 20 C and 25 C. Pycnidiospores are borne on short pycnidiosphores and are predominantly one-celled in culture. Spores produced in pycnidia on infected leaflets become 1 septate. Large 1-septate spores, as well as an occasional 2-septate spore, may form in culture. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth in 20 C; little or no growth occurs at 5 C or above 30 C. The teleomorphic state develops in the field on fallen leaflets and can be induced to form in the laboratory on sterilized peanut leaflets between 15 and 20 C. Cultures derived from single ascospores form pseudothecia. Pycnidiospores, ascospores, and chlamydospores are all infective units. Because this fungus produces hyaline ascospores and pseudoparaphyses, it has been transferred to the genus Didymella as Didymella arachidicola (Choch.) comb. nov. Comparisons with 15 isolates causing web blotch of peanut in the USA, Argentina, and South Africa indicate that web blotch symptoms are produced by the same fungal species.
Performance of Atesta and Intact Peanut Seed in Field Plots, Field Microplots, Germination and Pathogenicity Tests1
Authors: Bell D. K. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Stands from atesta (bald) seed 10 and 20 days after planting were 32.0 and 35.5% less than stands from intact seed in field plots. Thirty-two and 62 days after planting the fresh weights of plants from bald seed were 32.3 and 15.3% less than those from intact seed. Pod yield of plants from bald seed was 20.4% less than that from intact seed. Sound mature kernels (SMK) produced by plants from bald seed was 1.2% less than the SMK from intact seed. When plant populations in field plots were adjusted by covariance analysis to equal numbers, no difference in yield was predicted. Plants grown from bald and intact seed in field microplots fumigated with metam-sodium had no difference in yield or SMK. Bald seed germinated in 24 hr cycles of 20 C/16 hr + 30 C/8 hr had fewer normal rapid and more normal slow germinating seedlings than intact seed. At temperatures of 30 C/16 hr + 20 C/8 hr, there was no difference in germination percentages. In soil infested with Aspergillus niger van Tieghem at 21 C/12 hr + 27 C/12 hr there was no difference in seedling emergence from bald or intact seed after 22 days. At temperatures of 15 C/12 hr + 21 C/12 hr, seedling emergence from bald seed in A. niger infested and noninfested soil was less than that of intact seed in control soil. Emergence of seedlings from bald seed was zero and that from intact seed was less than other treatments at both temperature regimes in soil infested with Rhizoctonia solani Kühn anastomosis group 4.
Activity of Tolclofos - Methyl (Rizolex) on Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani in Peanut1
Authors: Csinos A. S. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Tolclofos-methyl was compared to PCNB in vitro to determine its relative activity against four isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. and two isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn. Concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 μg/mL of each of the fungicides were used to evaluate their effects on radial growth on both S. rolfsii and R. solani and their effects on sclerotia formation and sclerotial germination of S. rolfsii. Little difference in efficacy between the fungicides occurred for S. rolfsii. However, tolclofos-methyl reduced radial growth of R. solani more than PCNB at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 μg/mL. In field tests in 1982 and 1984 tolclofos-methyl at 5.6 kg ai/ha or less was as effective or superior to PCNB or PCNB-fensulfothion in reducing incidence of southern stem rot and increasing yield. In 1984, tolclofos-methyl at 8.4 kg ai/ha reduced Rhizotonia limb rot damage over the control, but PCNB at 11.2 kg ai/ha did not.
Agronomic Performance of a Spanish and Runner Cultivar Harvested at Six Different Digging Intervals1
Authors: Mixon A. C. , Branch W. D. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In a three year study (1980–1982) at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia, the full-season Florunner and the short-season Pronto cultivars were harvested at six 10-day intervals beginning 90 days after planting. For the 3-year average, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants from Florunner harvested at 110 and each succeeding 10-day growth period up to 140 days produced greater pod yields, sound-mature kernels, large and jumbo seed, and greater calculated market value than Pronto. However, seed market grade components and maturity indexes reflecting quality and maturity were impaired when peanuts were dug too early and varied among years and growth periods.
Yield and Quality Response of Florunner Peanut to Applied Drought at Several Growth Stages1
Authors: Stansell J. R , Pallas J. E 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Florunner peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) were subjected to 35 and 70-day drought periods during several growth stages (days after planting). Drought conditions were maintained by the use of automatic rainout shelters covering groups of drainage lysimeter plots.
Detrimental effects of 35-day drought periods were greatest from 71–105 days after planting, least for 106–140, and intermediate for 36–70 days after planting. Seventy days of drought extending from 36 through 105 days after planting effectively eliminated pod production, whereas 70 days of drought during the period of 71 through 140 days after planting reduced but did not completely eliminate the production of marketable pods.
Comparative Susceptibility of Four Experimental Peanut Lines and the Cultivar Florunner to Preharvest Aflatoxin Contamination
Authors: Blankenship P. D , Cole R. J , Sanders T. H 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Four peanut genotypes, selected as resistant to invasion by Aspergillus flavus in laboratory screening with rehydrated, stored seed and Florunner cultivar were subjected to preharvest drought and temperature conditions conducive to A. flavus invasion and aflatoxin contamination. Preharvest aflatoxin contamination of peanuts has been previously correlated with geocarposphere temperature and moisture conditions during drought. All genotypes tested were highly contaminated with aflatoxin. This study indicates that a critical assessment should be made of the value of using the current laboratory method to select germplasm for resistance to A. flavus invasion and assuming resistance to aflatoxin contamination under field conditions.
Control of Florida Beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum) in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) with Chloramben1
Authors: Wehtje G , Reed R.B 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Experiments were conducted in 1983 and 1984 to evaluate control of Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW) DC.] in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) with chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid) applied at 2.2 kg ai/ha at ground cracking; and chloramben (with crop oil concentrate included at 2 L/ha) applied at either 0.6, 1.1, 2.2, or 3.4 kg ai/ha, at either 30, 45, 60, 75, or 90 days after planting (DAP). Maximum control (as indicated by weed weight at harvest) was achieved with the ground-cracking treatment, and with postemergence applications of 2.2 kg/ha, or higher applied at 30 DAP. Later applications resulted in progressively less control. Peanuts were tolerant to all rates evaluated, as indicated by yield and grade, provided the application was either before or after the flowering and pegging period (45 to 60 DAP). Growth chamber studies indicated that a spreader-sticker type adjuvant (i.e. a petroleum or vegetable based oil-surfactant blends) was essential for acceptable postemergence activity. Comparisons of autoradiograms prepared from peanuts and Florida beggarweed plants where 14C-chloramben had been applied to the foliage and thin layer chromatographic analysis of foliar extracts indicated that the relative tolerance of peanuts could be attributed to the combined effects of limited absorption and translocation, as well as the enhanced ability of peanuts to convert the absorbed chloramben to a non phytotoxic N-glucosyl conjugate.
Cercospora Leafspot Management Decisions: An Economic Analysis of a Weather-Based Strategy for Timing Fungicide Applications1,,2
Authors: Johnson C. S , Phipps P. M , Beute M. K 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The average savings in peanut leafspot control costs from use of the Virginia leafspot advisory program versus the conventional 14-day application schedule ranged from $70.95/ha for cupric hydroxide plus sulfur to $97.39/ha for benomyl plus sulfur in 1980–1983. Increases in net returns from use of benomyl plus sulfur, chlorothalonil, or cupric hydroxide plus sulfur with the leafspot advisory were attributed to increases in yield as well as decreased control costs. Average annual increases in net return from use of the advisory in comparison to standard 14-day programs of the same fungicides were $259.99, $200.21, $192.55, and $220.57/ha for 1980, 1981, 1982, and 1983, respectively. Annual variation in economic returns was similar for all fungicides and for both application schedules tested.
Development of Statistical Models to Simulate the Testing of Farmers Stock Peanuts for Aflatoxin Using Visual, Thin Layer Chromatography, and Minicolumn Methods1
Authors: Whitaker T. B , Dickens J. W , Chew V 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The negative binomial probability function was used to model the distribution of sample aflatoxin test results when replicated grade samples from farmers stock peanuts are analyzed by thin layer chromatography and minicolumn methods. The Poisson probability funtion was used to model the distribution of the number of kernels with visible Aspergillus flavus growth found in replicated grade samples of farmers stock peanuts when the visible A. flavus method is used. The probabilities of accepting a lot of farmers stock peanuts with given aflatoxin concentrations when using a 465-g grade sample and 2 different accept/reject levels were predicted with the models and compared to observed acceptance probabilities computed from previously published data for each of the 3 methods. The comparisons showed good agreement between the predicted acceptance probabilities and the observed acceptance probabilities.
Cadherin-dependent adhesion of human U373MG glioblastoma cells promotes neurite outgrowth and increases migratory capacity
Authors: Cifarelli Christopher P. , Titus Brian , Yeoh Hian Kwang 
Published: April 2010

Object
The current management of primary CNS tumors involves a multimodal approach, incorporating cytoreductive techniques including resection, radiotherapy, and antiproliferative chemotherapeutic agents. Despite these attempts, the majority of patients with a diagnosis of a high-grade glioma have a dismal prognosis, with the leading cause of treatment failure and tumor recurrence attributable to local invasion of adjacent brain parenchyma. The current study examines the capacity of glioma tumor cells to undergo neurite outgrowth and local migration, specifically focusing on the role of the cadherin cell adhesion system.

Methods
Using a recombinant cadherin ectodomain protein, U373MG human glioblastoma cells were assessed for their ability to adhere and migrate in a cadherin-dependent manner in culture. Adhesion was evaluated via growth assessment and neurite length at 72 hours growth on an immobilized cadherin substrate and compared with other matrix adhesion proteins, such as Type IV collagen and vitronectin. Migratory capacity was measured via modified transwell assays, also using recombinant cadherin ectodomain in comparison with collagen and vitronectin.

Results
Cadherin adherent cells adopt a fasciculated morphology, with a significant increase in neurite extension, measuring 104 ± 13.3 μm in length, compared with background adhesion on bovine serum albumin and nonfunctional cadherin ectodomain controls measuring 55 ± 4.4 and 47 ± 3.84 μm, respectively (p = 0.029). Significant increases in neurite length compared with controls were also observed in the vitronectin (81 ± 4.69 μm) and Type IV collagen (91 ± 7.7 μm) groups (p = 0.017 and 0.025, respectively). With respect to migration, U373 cells demonstrate increased invasion in response to cadherin ectodomain exposure, whereas vitronectin and Type IV collagen were not potent initiators of migration through the transwell barrier. Both adhesion and migration outcomes were noted in the absence of any relative changes in cell proliferation, indicating a primary role for the cadherin-based adhesion system in tumor invasion.

Conclusions
Cadherin-based adhesion promotes increased adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and migration in human U373MG glioblastoma cells, providing a novel area of research for the development of therapeutic targets addressing local tumor invasion.
Skull base tumor model
Authors: Gragnaniello Cristian , Nader Remi , Doormaal Tristan van , Kamel Mahmoud , Voormolen Eduard H. J. , Lasio Giovanni , Aboud Emad , Regli Luca , Tulleken Cornelius A. F. , Al-Mefty Ossama 
Published: April 2010

Object
Resident duty-hours restrictions have now been instituted in many countries worldwide. Shortened training times and increased public scrutiny of surgical competency have led to a move away from the traditional apprenticeship model of training. The development of educational models for brain anatomy is a fascinating innovation allowing neurosurgeons to train without the need to practice on real patients and it may be a solution to achieve competency within a shortened training period. The authors describe the use of Stratathane resin ST-504 polymer (SRSP), which is inserted at different intracranial locations to closely mimic meningiomas and other pathological entities of the skull base, in a cadaveric model, for use in neurosurgical training.

Methods
Silicone-injected and pressurized cadaveric heads were used for studying the SRSP model. The SRSP presents unique intrinsic metamorphic characteristics: liquid at first, it expands and foams when injected into the desired area of the brain, forming a solid tumorlike structure. The authors injected SRSP via different passages that did not influence routes used for the surgical approach for resection of the simulated lesion. For example, SRSP injection routes included endonasal transsphenoidal or transoral approaches if lesions were to be removed through standard skull base approach, or, alternatively, SRSP was injected via a cranial approach if the removal was planned to be via the transsphenoidal or transoral route. The model was set in place in 3 countries (US, Italy, and The Netherlands), and a pool of 13 physicians from 4 different institutions (all surgeons and surgeons in training) participated in evaluating it and provided feedback.

Results
All 13 evaluating physicians had overall positive impressions of the model. The overall score on 9 components evaluated—including comparison between the tumor model and real tumor cases, perioperative requirements, general impression, and applicability—was 88% (100% being the best possible achievable score where the evaluator strongly agreed with the proposed factor). Individual components had scores at or above 80% (except for 1). The only score that was below 80% was related to radiographic visibility of the model for adequate surgical planning (score of 74%). The highest score was given to usefulness in neurosurgical training (98%).

Conclusions
The skull base tumor model is an effective tool to provide more practice in preoperative planning and technical skills.
Posterior Surgery Assisted by Halo Ring Traction for the Treatment of Severe Rigid Nonangular Cervical Kyphosis
Authors: Zhang HongQi , Liu ShaoHua , Guo ChaoFeng , Chen LingQiang , Wang YongFu , Zhao Di , Chen Jing 
Published: April 2010

The correction of cervical kyphosis is a challenging problem in spinal surgery. Several reports exist regarding the surgical correction of severe rigid cervical kyphosis; however, no detailed reports exist on the correction of severe rigid nonangular cervical kyphosis. The goal of this study was to analyze the clinical and radiographic outcomes of surgical treatment for severe rigid nonangular cervical kyphosis.
Thirteen patients with severe rigid nonangular cervical kyphosis who were treated with primary halo ring cervical traction for 7 to 16 days (average, 10 days) were studied. When the preoperative kyphosis was corrected by at least 30%, they underwent fusion and correction using internal screw-rod fixation via a posterior approach. All patients were followed up for 25 to 62 months (average, 46 months). The results were studied clinically and radiographically. The average cervical kyphosis was 45.3° on admission and was corrected to −0.8° postoperatively and was −0.4° at final follow-up. There was a mean improvement of 4.7 in the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, from a mean score of 10.7 on admission to 15.4 at final follow-up. Nerve function improved 74.6% on average. All patients underwent solid bony fusion within 6 months postoperatively. A transient C5 nerve paresis was noted in 2 patients.
Primary halo ring traction with posterior correction using subsequent internal screw-rod fixation proved to be safe and effective for treating severe rigid nonangular cervical kyphosis. This treatment can achieve the goals of complete spinal cord decompression and deformity correction.
Late Repair of an Osteochondral Fracture of the Patella
Authors: Hoshino C. Max , Thomas Bradley M. 
Published: April 2010

Acute patellar dislocations are a common injury in young patients. Osteochondral fractures are commonly associated with this injury, frequently necessitating surgical treatment. This article presents a case of a 23-year-old woman who sustained a large osteochondral fracture of the medial facet of the patella during a first-time acute patellar dislocation. The patient was lost to follow-up; consequently, surgical treatment was not performed until 8 weeks after injury. Diagnostic arthroscopy demonstrated a large osteochondral fragment in the suprapatellar pouch and a defect on the medial facet of the patella with early fibrocartilage growth. Using an open approach, the osteochondral fracture was fixed with headless screws buried beneath the cartilage. After fracture fixation, continued lateral subluxation of the patella was present; therefore, to improve patellar tracking and protect our fracture fixation, a Fulkerson tibial tubercle osteotomy (including a lateral release) and a medial patellofemoral ligament repair were performed. At the conclusion of the surgery, we had achieved rigid fixation of the fracture and normalized patellofemoral tracking.
At 1 year post-injury, the patient has achieved union of her patellar osteochondral fracture and tibial tubercle osteotomy. She has full range of motion and minimal anterior knee pain and has not experienced further episodes of patellar instability. Even in patients who present in a delayed fashion, consideration should be given to the repair of patellar osteochondral fractures and, if necessary, realignment of the extensor mechanism.