bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and loneliness in 25 European nations
Authors: YANG KEMING , VICTOR CHRISTINA 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe relationship between age and loneliness is intriguing. While loneliness has been widely perceived as a problem of old age, there is evidence suggesting that adolescence is the peak age for experiencing loneliness and there are demonstrable variations between nations in reported rates of loneliness. However, comparative data for examining both the prevalence of loneliness across age groupsandacross nations are sparse. As the first phase of a larger project, we explore the prevalence of loneliness across different age groups in 25 European nations, with a focus on people of an advanced age. After discussing issues of comparability, we present our empirical findings employing data collected in the third round (2006–07) of the European Social Survey (total sample size 47,099, age range 15–101) which included a ‘self-rating’ loneliness scale. Our results suggest that the prevalence of loneliness does increase with age for the combined sample. However, the nation in which one lives shows a greater impact than age on reported levels of loneliness, with Russia and Eastern European nations having the highest proportions of lonely people (about 10–34% for different age groups) and Northern European nations the lowest (mostly below 6%). Possible explanatory factors are identified and discussed, which provides the groundwork of a subsequent and formal study.
Infants' gestures influence mothers' provision of object, action and internal state labels
Authors: OLSON JANET , MASUR ELISE FRANK 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTTwenty-four infants at 1 ; 1 and their mothers were videotaped for 18 minutes while playing. Infants' pointing, reaching and object-extending gestures were coded in three communicative intent contexts: proto-declarative, or commenting; proto-imperative, or requesting; and ambiguous. Mothers' responses to infants' gestures were coded as object labels, action labels, internal state labels and non-labeling utterances. Infants most often pointed in the proto-declarative and used object extensions in the proto-imperative context. Infants produced pointing and reaching equivalently in the ambiguous context. Mothers' responses included object labels more often in response to points than object extensions. In contrast, mothers provided action labels most often in response to object extensions. Mothers produced large proportions of internal state labels, although the type varied by gesture. Results suggest mothers' labels following infants' gestures may serve as a mechanism for vocabulary acquisition and internal state understanding.
The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on bone health
Authors: Maggio Marcello , Artoni Andrea , Lauretani Fulvio , Ruggiero Carmelinda , Cederholm Tommy , Cherubini Antonio , Ceda Gian Paolo 
Published: February 2011

SummaryThe essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are divided into two classes, n-3 (ω-3) and n-6 (ω-6) and their dietary precursors are α-linolenic (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), respectively. PUFAs are precursors of a wide range of metabolites, for example eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which play critical roles in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, including bone metabolism.A large body of evidence supports an effect of PUFA on bone metabolism which may be mediated by regulation of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclast activity, change of membrane function, decrease in inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), modulation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and influence in NO secretion and NO synthase.Animal studies have shown that a higher dietary omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids ratio is associated with beneficial effects on bone health. Human studies conducted in elderly subjects suggest that omega-3 instead of omega-6 has a positive effect on bone metabolism. In spite of increasing evidence, studies conducted in humans do not allow us to draw a definitive conclusion on the usefulness of PUFAs in clinical practice.
Cancer-related fatigue: mechanisms, assessment and treatment in older people
Authors: Minton Ollie , Stone Patrick C 
Published: February 2011

SummaryCancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a debilitating symptom that affects the majority of cancer patients. It can occur at all stages of treatment, worsening in advanced disease. It can be especially troublesome in the older person. CRF is often under-recognized and insufficiently treated routinely. This review will discuss both the postulated mechanisms and clinical tools for identifying and monitoring CRF during cancer treatment. The role of drug treatment and exercise to manage CRF is also assessed. Further studies, particularly in older people, are required to improve the poor levels of evidence for current CRF management options.
Geriatric care and gerontological research in Argentina
Authors: Jauregui JR , Rubin RK , Kaplan R , Musso CG 
Published: February 2011

SummaryArgentina does not yet have a formal nationwide health programme for older people, so there are huge differences in the quality and entitlement of health care for senior citizens. Academic infrastructure is also underdeveloped and this situation slows the advance of geriatrics. Teaching and research in this field is usually unpaid. However, a committed minority of teachers and health professionals are confident that their efforts are worthwhile and a new generation of geriatricians is starting to participate actively in international forums, to publish in recognized medical journals, to participate in Latin American academic forums such as ALMA (Latin American Academy of Senior Adult Medicine) and to foster geriatrics as a speciality.
Roosting behaviour of a migratory songbird on Jamaican coffee farms: landscape composition may affect delivery of an ecosystem service
Authors: JIRINEC VITEK , CAMPOS BRENT R. , JOHNSON MATTHEW D. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryRecent evidence indicates that insectivorous birds in shade coffee farms provide economically significant ecosystem services by reducing insect pests, which should encourage cultivation practices favouring birds and other wildlife. However, the provisioning of this service may be dependent on landscape composition and movement patterns of these mobile consumers. Very little information is currently available on bird movements in coffee-dominated landscapes. We examined roosting behaviour in Black-throated Blue WarblersDendroica caerulescenson two Jamaican coffee farms using radio telemetry in order to determine whether birds commute between nocturnal roosts and diurnal foraging ranges in coffee habitat. Nocturnal tracking revealed most birds moved outside diurnal foraging ranges on the farms to roost in forested habitat patches, sometimes up to 1 km away. Of 42 roost locations, only eight roosts were within the coffee farm perimeter: one individual in a coffee bush, and seven others in shade trees or vegetated riparian strips. Logistic regression confirmed that birds strongly selected continuous forest and individual trees over coffee for roosting. These findings reflect the ecological connectivity between coffee habitats and the adjacent landscape and raise the possibility that the provisioning of pest reduction services could be at least partly dependent on a farm’s proximity to forest patches.
Effect of feeding system on unsaturated fatty acid level in milk of dairy cows
Authors: Morales-Almaráz E. , de la Roza-Delgado B. , González A. , Soldado A. , Rodríguez M.L. , Peláez M. , Vicente F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn recent years, consumer attitudes toward fat of animal origin have changed owing to findings that some milk fatty acids (FAs) are positive for human health, especially conjugated linolenic acid andn-3 FAs. Accordingly, the manipulation of the fat content and FA composition of cows’ milk via nutritional strategies has been an important target for the dairy industry in many countries. Twenty commercial Holstein–Friesian dairy herds of Asturias (northern Spain) with 1106 dairy cows were examined in order to evaluate milk FA profiles under different management systems. These herds were divided into three groups according to management: (1) indoor herds: cows feeding indoors, (2) mixed herds: indoor management system but with at least 6 h of grazing outdoors and (3) outdoor herds: cows allowed 6–18 h of grazing per day. Milk from the indoor herds exhibited the highest concentration of fat (3.57%;P⩽0.01), protein (3.14%;P⩽0.001), lactose (4.76%;P⩽0.01) and urea (29.4 mg dl−1;P⩽0.01). The milk of outdoor herds had a lower (P⩽0.05) content of short-chain FAs than that of the indoor and mixed herds (10.89 versus 11.52 and 11.35 g 100 g−1FA). The milk of the indoor herds had higher concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (67.56 g 100 g−1FA;P⩽0.001) and palmitic and palmitoleic acids (30.16 and 1.82 g 100 g−1FA, respectively), while that of the mixed and outdoors herds had higher concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) (34.58 g 100 g−1FA;P⩽0.001) and long-chain FAs, especially stearic (13.89 g 100 g−1FA;P⩽0.01), vaccenic (2.77 g 100 g−1FA;P⩽0.001), conjugated linoleic (0.92 g 100 g−1FA;P⩽0.001) and linolenic (0.42 g 100 g−1FA;P⩽0.001) acids. Results from this study suggest that the incorporation of forage and pasture in the diet of dairy cows can improve the FA profile of milk.
Impunity and insurgency: a deadly combination in Afghanistan
Authors: Niland Norah 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe judgement of key decision-makers to ignore the critical problem of impunity – the lack of accountability for egregious human rights violations – contrary to the wishes of the vast majority of Afghans has had devastating, if predictable, consequences. Disillusionment with the continued abuse of power, along with the steady increase in war-related casualties, is a significant driver of the escalating insurgency. Experience over the past nine years highlights an urgent need to address the strategic issue of systemic and structural injustice. It is not realistic to envisage an end to armed conflict and the development of democratic and accountable state institutions while impunity reigns.
Dynamic interplay between religion and armed conflict in Afghanistan
Authors: Guest Ken 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn approaching this subject the most important thing to understand is how Afghans perceive things to be. On to this must be grafted factors about their environment, beliefs, and character that most affect their response. The physical characteristics of their environment are easy to define and describe, but their character, relationship to Islam, and how the two combine and affect their mode of warfare is more complex – a knot of truly Gordian proportions. However, if the past is accurately factored into the present, this enables contextual understanding, which is the key to unlocking the puzzle.
Structural deformations and current oscillations in armchair-carbon nanotube cross devices: a theoretical study
Authors: Naieni A Kashefian , Yaghoobi P , Woodsworth D J , Nojeh A 
Published: February 2011

A carbon nanotube (CNT) cross is a structure consisting of two CNTs with one draped over the other at an angle. Because of the localized mechanical deformation induced at the intersection point, the electronic properties of the nanotubes in a cross could vary significantly compared with those of intact nanotubes, potentially leading to the formation of nanoscale quantum dots.
Using classical molecular dynamics, we determined the relaxed nanotube structures and the induced mechanical deformations in a CNT cross. We found that the final relaxed shape of the cross structure is relatively insensitive to the starting shape. We then calculated the electronic transport properties of this device using a first-principles, non-equilibrium Green's function approach. We obtained current oscillations that can be attributed to the formation of a nanoscale quantum dot in the top nanotube at the intersection region.
SBML-PET-MPI: a parallel parameter estimation tool for Systems Biology Markup Language based models
Authors: Zi Zhike 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Summary: Parameter estimation is crucial for the modeling and dynamic analysis of biological systems. However, implementing parameter estimation is time consuming and computationally demanding. Here, we introduced a parallel parameter estimation tool for Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML)-based models (SBML-PET-MPI). SBML-PET-MPI allows the user to perform parameter estimation and parameter uncertainty analysis by collectively fitting multiple experimental datasets. The tool is developed and parallelized using the message passing interface (MPI) protocol, which provides good scalability with the number of processors.
Availability: SBML-PET-MPI is freely available for non-commercial use at http://www.bioss.uni-freiburg.de/cms/sbml-pet-mpi.html or http://sites.google.com/site/sbmlpetmpi/.
Contact: zhike.zi@bioss.uni-freiburg.de
GeneTUKit: a software for document-level gene normalization
Authors: Huang Minlie , Liu Jingchen , Zhu Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Linking gene mentions in an article to entries of biological databases can facilitate indexing and querying biological literature greatly. Due to the high ambiguity of gene names, this task is particularly challenging. Manual annotation for this task is cost expensive, time consuming and labor intensive. Therefore, providing assistive tools to facilitate the task is of high value.
Results: We developed GeneTUKit, a document-level gene normalization software for full-text articles. This software employs both local context surrounding gene mentions and global context from the whole full-text document. It can normalize genes of different species simultaneously. When participating in BioCreAtIvE III, the system obtained good results among 37 runs: the system was ranked first, fourth and seventh in terms of TAP-20, TAP-10 and TAP-5, respectively on the 507 full-text test articles.
Availability and implementation: The software is available at http://www.qanswers.net/GeneTUKit/.
Contact: aihuang@tsinghua.edu.cn
Lysine Acetylation Is a Widespread Protein Modification for Diverse Proteins in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wu Xia , Oh Man-Ho , Schwarz Eliezer M. , Larue Clayton T. , Sivaguru Mayandi , Imai Brian S. , Yau Peter M. , Ort Donald R. , Huber Steven C. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Lysine acetylation (LysAc), a form of reversible protein posttranslational modification previously known only for histone regulation in plants, is shown to be widespread in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Sixty-four Lys modification sites were identified on 57 proteins, which operate in a wide variety of pathways/processes and are located in various cellular compartments. A number of photosynthesis-related proteins are among this group of LysAc proteins, including photosystem II (PSII) subunits, light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (LHCb), Rubisco large and small subunits, and chloroplastic ATP synthase (β-subunit). Using two-dimensional native green/sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, the loosely PSII-bound LHCb was separated from the LHCb that is tightly bound to PSII and shown to have substantially higher level of LysAc, implying that LysAc may play a role in distributing the LHCb complexes. Several potential LysAc sites were identified on eukaryotic elongation factor-1A (eEF-1A) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and using sequence- and modification-specific antibodies the acetylation of Lys-227 and Lys-306 was established. Lys-306 is contained within a predicted calmodulin-binding sequence and acetylation of Lys-306 strongly inhibited the interactions of eEF-1A synthetic peptides with calmodulin recombinant proteins in vitro. These results suggest that LysAc of eEF-1A may directly affect regulatory properties and localization of the protein within the cell. Overall, these findings reveal the possibility that reversible LysAc may be an important and previously unknown regulatory mechanism of a large number of nonhistone proteins affecting a wide range of pathways and processes in Arabidopsis and likely in all plants.
Detailed Quantitative Analysis of Architectural Traits of Basal Roots of Young Seedlings of Bean in Response to Auxin and Ethylene
Authors: Basu Paramita , Brown Kathleen M. , Pal Anupam 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Vertical placement of roots within the soil determines their efficiency of acquisition of heterogeneous belowground resources. This study quantifies the architectural traits of seedling basal roots of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and shows that the distribution of root tips at different depths results from a combined effect of both basal root growth angle (BRGA) and root length. Based on emergence locations, the basal roots are classified in three zones, upper, middle, and lower, with each zone having distinct architectural traits. The genotypes characterized as shallow on BRGA alone produced basal roots with higher BRGA, greater length, and more vertically distributed roots than deep genotypes, thereby establishing root depth as a robust measure of root architecture. Although endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels were similar in all genotypes, IAA and 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid treatments showed different root growth responses to auxin because shallow and deep genotypes tended to have optimal and supraoptimal auxin levels, respectively, for root growth in controls. While IAA increased ethylene production, ethylene also increased IAA content. Although differences in acropetal IAA transport to roots of different zones can account for some of the differences in auxin responsiveness among roots of different emergence positions, this study shows that mutually dependent ethylene-auxin interplay regulates BRGA and root growth differently in different genotypes. Root length inhibition by auxin was reversed by an ethylene synthesis inhibitor. However, IAA caused smaller BRGA in deep genotypes, but not in shallow genotypes, which only responded to IAA in the presence of an ethylene inhibitor.
The DPP‐4 inhibitor linagliptin does not prolong the QT interval at therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses
Authors: Ring Arne , Port Andreas , Graefe‐Mody E. Ulrike , Revollo Ivette , Iovino Mario , Dugi Klaus A. 
Published: February 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Linagliptin (BI 1356) is an oral, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor which is under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and for which the pivotal phase III programme has recently been completed.• There have been no observed electrocardiogram changes in a linagliptin single rising dose study with up to 600 mg, and no preclinical signals for QT liability. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • This manuscript describes the findings of a thorough QT study for linagliptin conducted according to the ICH E14 guideline, with a therapeutic dose (5 mg) and a 20‐fold therapeutic dose (100 mg).• Linagliptin does not cause clinically relevant changes of the corrected QT interval with a therapeutic dose and a 20‐fold therapeutic dose.• The 20‐fold therapeutic dose of linagliptin was safe and well tolerated.AIM To evaluate the potential effects of therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of linagliptin (BI 1356) on the QT/QTc interval in healthy subjects.METHODS The study was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, four‐period crossover study using single oral doses of linagliptin (5 mg and 100 mg), moxifloxacin (400 mg) and placebo. Electrocardiogram (ECG) profiles using triplicates of 12‐lead 10‐s ECGs were digitally recorded pre‐dose and after drug administration. The mean change from baseline (MCfB) of the individually heart rate corrected QT interval (QTcI) between 1 and 4 h postdrug administration was the primary end point. Blood samples to measure plasma concentrations of linagliptin and its main metabolite were also obtained.RESULTS Forty‐four Caucasian subjects (26 male) entered the study and 43 subjects completed the study as planned in the protocol. Linagliptin was not associated with an increase in the baseline‐adjusted mean QTcI, at any time point. The placebo‐corrected MCfB of QTcI was −1.1 (90% CI −2.7, 0.5) ms and −2.5 (–4.1, –0.9) ms for linagliptin 5 mg and 100 mg, respectively, thus within the non‐inferiority margin of 10 ms according to ICH E14. Linagliptin was well tolerated; the assessment of ECGs and other safety parameters gave no clinically relevant findings at either dose tested. Maximum plasma concentrations after administration of 100‐mg linagliptin were ∼24‐fold higher than those observed previously for chronic treatment with the therapeutic 5‐mg dose. Assay sensitivity was confirmed by a placebo‐corrected MCfB of QTcI with moxifloxacin of 6.9 (90% CI 5.4, 8.5) ms.CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic and significantly supratherapeutic exposure to linagliptin is not associated with QT interval prolongation.
B‐cell receptor, clinical course and prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: the growing saga of the IGHV3 subgroup gene usage
Authors: Dal‐Bo Michele , Del Giudice Ilaria , Bomben Riccardo , Capello Daniela , Bertoni Francesco , Forconi Francesco , Laurenti Luca , Rossi Davide , Zucchetto Antonella , Pozzato Gabriele , Marasca Roberto , Efremov Dimitar G. , Guarini Anna , Del Poeta Giovanni , Foà Robin , Gaidano Gianluca , Gattei Valter 
Published: February 2011

SummaryThe immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene (IGHV) mutational status has been recognized as an important predictor of prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) since 1999. More recently, other features of the B‐cell receptor, such as stereotypy, have been identified as capable of refining the prognostic potential of IGHV status in the clinical assessment of CLL patients. In this context, different genes belonging to the IGHV3 subgroup, the most frequently used subgroup in CLL, have been shown to denote disease subsets that either display a bad prognosis (i.e. IGHV3‐21, IGHV3‐23) or are associated with particularly good clinical outcomes, including a highly stable/indolent clinical course, even prone to spontaneous regression (i.e. IGHV3‐72, IGHV3‐30). The present review focuses on the molecular and biological features of CLL‐expressing specific genes belonging to the IGHV3 subgroup that are known to mark disease subsets with completely different clinical courses, and may be possibly related to CLL pathogenesis via antigen and/or superantigen involvement.