bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of mitochondria by capillary electrophoresis: cardiolipin levels decrease in response to carbonyl cyanide 4‐(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone
Authors: Zhao Wenfeng , O Waisum , Fung Yingsing , Cheung May Puilai 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCardiolipin is an important phospholipid present in the inner membrane of mitochondria. It plays a critical role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis mediated by oxidative phosphorylation. Exposure of HepG2 cells to carbonyl cyanide 4‐(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) caused the inhibition of ATP synthesis and the depolarization of mitochondria. Capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence (CE‐LIF) analysis of fluorescent mitochondrion‐selective probe 10‐N‐nonyl acridine orange (NAO) labeled mitochondria was employed toin situestimate the cardiolipin levels under FCCP‐induced de‐energization of mitochondria. NAO, stoichiometriclly bound to cardiolipin at a 1:1 or 2:1 molar ratio (NAO/cardiolipin), emitted green and red fluorescence, respectively. Green fluorescence was chosen for cardiolipin content analysis because it was more intense than red fluorescence. A significant decrease in the cardiolipin content, up to 11% of the control, was evident when the ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) correspondingly decreased. These related findings suggested that CE‐LIF may provide a sensitive strategy to determine cardiolipin content in response to exposure to chemical uncouplers. This reinforces the hypothesis that alterations in ATP synthesis and MMP have a close association with cardiolipin content, which correlated tightly with mitochondrial membrane assembly and activity.
HOTf‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of Methylenecyclopropane Aryl and Alkyl Alcohols
Authors: Tang Xiang‐Ying , Shi Min 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn efficient method to synthesize multisubstituted naphthalene and cyclobutanol derivatives through ring opening/ring enlargement of readily available methylenecyclopropane diaryl alcohols or dialkyl‐ and monoalkyl‐ as well as monoaryl alcohols in moderate to good yields has been described in this paper. The formation of naphthalene derivatives is a sequential reaction involving a cation‐induced ring opening of cyclopropane, a Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction, followed by aromatization. On the other hand, the production of cyclobutanol derivatives is a cation‐induced ring‐enlargement process. The scope and limitations have also been presented.
Estimation and management of magnetic flux density produced by underground cables in multiple‐circuit feeders
Authors: Lai Gordon G. , Yang Chien‐feng , Su Ching‐Tzong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to estimate and reduce the magnetic flux density of multiple‐circuit underground cable feeders with randomly varying loads. The load in each phase of feeder circuits is assumed to be normally distributed. The probability distribution function of maximum magnetic flux density above the underground cable feeders is determined by using statistical approach. The optimal‐phase arrangement of feeder circuits with minimum magnetic flux density is also explored by using the genetic algorithms (GA). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Closed loop price signal based market operation within Microgrids
Authors: Pudjianto Danny , Mancarella Pierluigi , Gan Chin Kim , Strbac Goran 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWithin a general Microgrid framework, this paper presents a model to simulate closed loop energy and ancillary services markets operated by a Microgrid Central Controller (MGCC) and to investigate the performance of such a market mechanism in managing disturbances both within and outside the Microgrid cell. The proposed approach can be seen as an alternative to a more traditional control approach in which the central operator optimises the dispatch of all generators taking into account their bids and then instructing them to produce their outputs at the specified prices according to merit order and network constraints. In the alternative approach discussed here, this dispatch decision is decentralised to each controllable unit. The central operator only influences the decision taken by each unit via price signals. The main advantage of the approach is to preserve the independency of the local controllers and to decentralise the operation decision, making the system more able to cope with a large number of generating units. The performance of the proposed market mechanism is examined via different case studies that simulate the control actions of MGCC, micro‐sources and controllable loads in managing small and large disturbances within and outside the Microgrid cell. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ancillary insolvency proceeding
Authors: Menéndez Ángel Espiniella 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe main legal acts on International Insolvency Law (the European Regulation, the UNCITRAL Model Act and the European Convention on Certain International Aspects of Bankruptcy) lay down several local proceedings with substantive effects as regards the debtor, the distribution of proceeds and the ranking of claims. These—full—proceedings are characterized by a high degree of unpredictability and prove to be inadequate for creditors. These are the reasons why, as an immediate solution, the existing insolvency rules should be reinterpreted according to a certain logic of the market. However, such revision would only partially and provisionally solve the inconveniences of the current model. The true and ‘unsolvable’ problem is that even though the full local proceeding is based on international assistance, it alters the substantive insolvency rules. Therefore, in future it would be necessary to create a truly ancillary proceeding. Such a proceeding would not have any substantive effect as regards the debtor, the creditors and third parties, nor would it require any kind of distribution of proceeds and ranking of claims. However, this proceeding would enable to provide procedural assistance to foreign courts and procedural protection to local creditors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and resonant frequency calculation of rectangular microstrip antennas
Authors: Merad L. , Bendimerad F. T. , Meriah Sidi Mohammed 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study introduces an original theoretical approach for rectangular microstrip antennas analysis and design. The purpose method consists in the coupling between artificial neural networks tool applied to the analysis of rectangular antennas and a tabu search for the optimization. A neural network acting as database will allow to reduce strongly the computation time. This method will be illustrated in four examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A distinct region of microarchitectural variation in femoral compact bone: Histomorphology of the endosteal lamellar pocket
Authors: Maggiano I. S. , Maggiano C. M. , Tiesler V. , Kierdorf H. , Stout S. D. , Schultz M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBone is a dynamic tissue, responding locally to differential mechanical loading and systemically to hormonal stimuli. Although the tendency is to consider compact bone a homogenous tissue, regional variations in microarchitecture are known to have quite different properties relating to processes of growth and mechanical loading. Specifically, we investigated an example of microstructural variation of the human, adult femoral endocortex, referred to here as the endosteal lamellar pocket (ELP). The femoral ELP is characterised as a histomorphological meta‐feature, made distinct from general circumferential lamellae by its hemicircumferential lamellar orientation, medial positioning, radially oriented Volkmann's canals and decreased presence of Haversian systems. Our preliminary observations of mid‐diaphyseal transverse thin‐ground sections demonstrate the ELP as a regular meta‐feature of adult human femora unearthed from the Maya archaeological site of Xcambó, Mexico. ELPs were easily identified in 38 of 45 examined individuals. Their size, shape and degree of secondary remodelling were variable. In comparison, ELP lamellae and those originating from the periosteum are divergent, or non‐concentric in orientation. This divergence, along with the ELP's medial position, suggest it forms during growth through endosteal modelling drift. Possible considerations for ELP formation and persistence with age are discussed as well as its implications for the study of bone dynamics during growth and activity. Further research is necessary to quantitatively measure the morphology of ELPs and to identify any co‐variance between ELP characteristics and age, sex or indicators of mechanical loading. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small‐area population forecasting: borrowing strength across space and time
Authors: Chi Guangqing , Voss Paul R. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTDemographic forecasting techniques do not perform particularly well for small areas. In this study we propose a spatio‐temporal regression approach for small‐area population forecasting that borrows strength from what has happened nearby and what has happened in the past. In particular, a regression model incorporating temporally lagged neighbour growth and neighbour characteristics is applied to examine population change at the minor civil division (MCD) governmental level in Wisconsin, USA since 1960. For each MCD, the population growth rate for 1980–1990 is regressed on its growth rate for 1970–1980, its various characteristics in 1980, neighbour growth rates for 1970–1980, and neighbour characteristics in 1980. The estimated regression coefficients are then used for projecting population in 2000. Accuracy of the forecasts is measured against the 2000 Census counts. The state's official MCD projections for 2000, which were based on an extrapolation projection – the most often used traditional population forecasting approach for small geographic areas – are taken as the ‘gold standard’ against which improvements through the regression formulations are sought. The projection evaluations reveal mixed results and do not suggest unambiguous preference for the spatio‐temporal regression approach or the extrapolation projection. We discuss several reasons for the inability of our spatio‐temporal forecasting model to outshine the simple extrapolation forecast. Although this is disappointing, the proposed approach is more solidly theoretically grounded and provides useful information to policy and decision makers at the community level regarding the consequences of various developmental strategies being adopted by themselves as well as by their neighbours. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three diterpenes from Leonurus japonicus houtt protect primary cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate‐induced toxicity
Authors: Moon Hyung‐In 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTo examine the cytoprotective effects of Leonurus japonicus Houtt, its protection against the glutamate‐induced toxicity in primary cortical cultured neurons was tested. In order to clarify the cytoprotective mechanism(s) of this observed effect, isolation was performed to seek and identify active fractions and components. By such fractionation, three known diterpenes – prehispanolone (1), leojaponin (2) and iso‐preleoheterin (3) – were isolated from the methanol extracts from the air‐dried L. japonicus. Among these three compounds, leojaponin (2) exhibited significant cytoprotective activities against glutamate‐induced toxicity, exhibiting cell viability of about 50%, at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μm to 10 μm. Therefore, the cytoprotective effect of L. japonicus might be due to the inhibition of glutamate‐induced toxicity by the diterpenes it contains. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro and ex vivo antiangiogenic activity of salvia officinalis
Authors: Keshavarz Maryam , Mostafaie Ali , Mansouri Kamran , Bidmeshkipour Ali , Motlagh Hamid Reza Mohammadi , Parvaneh Shahram 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAngiogenesis is a key process in the promotion of cancer and its metastasis. Herein, the antiangiogenic activity of Salvia officinalis extract and its fractions was investigated. S. officinalis aerial parts were extracted with ethanol and its successive hexane, ethyl acetate, n‐butanol and aqueous fractions were evaluated for their antiangiogenic activities using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) capillary tube formation and rat aorta models in a three‐dimensional collagen matrix. Furthermore, antimigrative effects of the fractions were assessed using a wound healing model. The ethanol extract of S. officinalis (ESO) potently inhibited capillary tube formation in HUVEC and rat aorta models of angiogenesis, and its hexane fraction (HSO) exerted the highest inhibitory effect. In addition, the ethanol extract of S. officinalis and its hexane fraction showed a dose‐dependent inhibitory activity on the migration of the endothelial cells in the wound healing model. Furthermore, ESO inhibited endothelial cell proliferation at 50–200 μg/mL in a dose‐dependent manner. These findings indicated some new pharmacological activities of S. officinalis such as antiangiogenic in vitro and ex vivo, and antimigrative activity in vitro. Therefore, S. officinalis could be a candidate as a useful herb with therapeutic or preventive activity against angiogenesis related disorders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collaborative governance for sustainable development: wind resource assessment in Xinjiang and Guangdong Provinces, China
Authors: Mah Daphne Ngar‐yin , Hills Peter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWind power is potentially a key energy option that can assist China in meeting its sustainability goals but at present plays only a limited role in the country's energy system. Wind resource assessment (WRA) has been identified as a key impediment to the further development of this energy source. This paper examines whether collaborative governance can help to improve WRA in China, and if so through what mechanisms.Collaborative initiatives involving WRA in two Chinese provinces, Xinjiang and Guangdong, are reviewed. This suggests that, while the central government has an important role to play, there are many opportunities for locally based collaborative initiatives to function as an alternative, complementary approach to facilitate WRA. Contextual elements such as local resources (including leadership and local knowledge) and governance structures (such as social networks) are identified as key conditions facilitating collaboration. The paper concludes that a broader perspective placing more emphasis beyond the central government in capacity building for WRA is required to enhance the prospects for the transition to a more sustainable energy system in China. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Stakeholder engagement in waste recycling in a high‐rise setting
Authors: Yau Yung 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe efficacy of waste recycling is closely associated with the environmental sustainability of a city. However, just like many other environmental protection initiatives, waste recycling requires stakeholder engagement to succeed. Exploring determinants of waste recycling behaviour helps policy‐makers to formulate schemes to promote recycling effectively. While most literature has studied the factors affecting waste recycling in low‐rise low‐density housing, little ink has been spilt on the same in a high‐rise high‐density residential setting. In this paper, the determinants of the amount of recyclables collected in 122 private high‐rise housing estates in Hong Kong are investigated, with the use of a set of aggregate data. Household income, age and institution of regular reward schemes were found to have positive relationships with the amount of recyclables collected. Despite the optimism among some scholars about more conveniently located waste drop‐off facilities as a motivator for waste recycling, the analysis results of this empirical study suggest that a floor‐based system of waste separation facilities is by itself not likely to be effective in promoting domestic waste recycling in high‐rises. To tackle the contemporary waste problem for the city's sustainable development, resort should be made to more intensified environmental education and economic incentives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Secure reputation monitoring system—a novel connected dominating set‐based framework for WSNs
Authors: Srinivasan A. , Li F. , Wu J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractReputation and Trust‐based Monitoring Systems (RTMSs) have provided a ubiquitous framework for secure Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) computing. However, neighborhood monitoring, though useful, consumes substantial amounts of sensor resources. Therefore, employing sensors for neighborhood monitoring, which is secondary to their intended duties, depletes valuable and scarce resources. This eventually leads to shortened network lifetime, which is counter‐productive in WSNs. In this paper, we propose a novel, Connected Dominating Set (CDS)‐based reputation monitoring system. Our model is the first attempt to employ a CDS‐based monitoring backbone to securely aggregate the reputation of sensors without subjecting them to energy depletion or reputation pollution attacks encountered in existing reputation monitoring systems. Secure and certificateless node mobility and robustness to node replication and ID spoofing attacks are two vital by‐products of our model. We confirm the performance of our model via simulation studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MeV‐energy probe SIMS imaging of major components in washed and fractured animal cells
Authors: Yamada H. , Nakata Y. , Ninomiya S. , Seki T. , Aoki T. , Tamura J. , Matsuo J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMolecular images of pretreated animal cells were measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) with MeV‐energy ion beam. SIMS analysis was performed for cell surfaces washed with buffers not only at high vacuum, but also at several tens Pa by using an orthogonal acceleration time of flight mass spectrometer (oaTOFMS) system. Moreover, molecular images of major components from washed and freeze fractured cells were obtained using MeV‐energy probe SIMS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of the H:C ratio on the sputtering of molecular solids by fullerenes
Authors: Webb Roger P. , Garrison Barbara J. , Vickerman John C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe understanding of the process by which molecular solids are sputtered by keV clusters such as C60 is of great importance if cluster SIMS is to be routinely used to depth profile a wide range of molecular materials. Computer simulations of the impact of a C60 cluster on a molecular solid show that an impact crater is produced. At the edges of the crater, a reaction zone is created which contains fragmented and cross‐linked molecules. It has been shown previously that this ‘reaction zone’ can be extensive for a molecular material like fullerite, and yet, for benzene it appears to be smaller. It is well known that fullerite cross‐links through cycloaddition under compression in which the normal sp2 bonding in the fullerene molecules takes on a tetragonal sp3 pattern when two molecules are forced together creating a strong cross‐link between them. It is this process which leads to such an extensive reaction zone after impact. The presence of hydrogen in other molecular systems could resist this process. The purpose of the investigation reported here is to observe the nature of the reaction zone for different molecular systems with varying hydrogen content and different initial coordination. Molecular dynamics simulations of molecular solids of octane, octatetraene, benzene and fullerite struck by 15 keV C60 were performed. Octane is initially four‐fold coordinated, whilst the other molecular solids are all three‐fold coordinated. The reaction zone of the crater formed by the impact was measured and it was concluded that the H:C ratio influences the nature of the reaction zone, whereas the initial coordination has only a secondary effect on the reaction zone. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of SiC bond formation in 20 keV C60 bombardment of Si
Authors: Krantzman Kristin D. , Garrison Barbara J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the effect of SiC bond formation on fluence‐dependent results in 20 keV C60 bombardment of Si. Sputter depth profiling experiments of C60 on Si have produced atypical results, which are thought to be caused by the strong covalent bonds that are formed between the C atoms in the projectile and Si atoms in the substrate. A recently developed scheme developed by Russo, et al.8 has been adapted to perform MD simulations of 150 successive impacts of 20 keV C60 on Si, which corresponds to a total fluence of 2.64 × 1013 impacts/cm2. In order to isolate the effects of SiC bond formation, the same set of trajectories is calculated with and without the attractive SiC potential energy terms. When SiC bonds are able to form, nearly all the C atoms from the projectile are incorporated into the substrate. When the possibility of SiC bond formation is removed, most of the C atoms are backscattered into the vacuum. The cumulative result is that the substrate with SiC bonds contains a factor of twenty times more C atoms, which are located below the surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cadmium and zinc localization by SIMS in leaves of Populus deltoides (cv. Lena) grown in a metal polluted soil
Authors: Migeon Aude , Audinot Jean‐Nicolas , Eybe Tanja , Richaud Pierre , Damien Blaudez , Migeon Henri‐Noel , Chalot Michel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPoplar (Populus) species can relatively accumulate high concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium and zinc in their aboveground tissues. Cd accumulation in poplar is 30 times higher as compared to other woody species. Zn concentrations in leaves ranged from 200 to 1000 mg kg−1 dry weight (DW) and Cd concentrations from 10 to 70 mg kg−1 DW on metal polluted sites. These plants possess effective mechanisms for heavy metal translocation into aerial parts. However cellular localization of zinc and cadmium is still unknown in these species. In order to elucidate the precise localisation of these elements, leaves of poplar (Populus deltoides cv. Lena) was grown on metal polluted soil and analysed by SIMS. Using primary gallium source (FIB) mounted on IMS‐6f, it was possible to performed secondary ions positives images with a lateral resolution above to 100 nm. In this study, SIMS analysis has been performed on cross section of leaves. Results were compared with global measurement performed by ICP‐AES on reference sample (no contaminated) and poplar exposed to metals. Elemental maps of cadmium and zinc were obtained which revealed the high concentrations of metals in both the mesophyll and in the epidermal cell layer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MCs+ depth profiling using cluster primary ions
Authors: Niehuis E. , Grehl T. , Kollmer F. , Moellers R. , Rading D. , Kersting R. , Hagenhoff B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe emission of Cs+ and MCs+ ions from various materials like Si, Al, Ti, Fe and Zn under Bi1 and C60 cluster bombardment is studied in the TOF‐SIMS dual‐beam mode with low‐energy Cs sputtering. High yield enhancements up to 2000 are observed for C60 primary ions, in particular for materials with low sputter yields at high Cs surface concentration. The results indicate a significant improvement in the Cs+ ionization probabilities for C60 in the case of a work function smaller than the ionization potential of Cs. High, and rather uniform MCs+ yields, can be achieved for the different materials, and depth profiling using cluster primary ions has a significant potential for quantitative SIMS analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.