bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short hospitalization period with elastic stable intramedullary nails in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in school children
Authors: Nascimento Fabiano Prata , Santili Cláudio , Akkari Miguel , Waisberg Gilberto , dos Reis Braga Susana , de Barros Fucs Patrícia Maria Moraes 
Published: January 2010

Purpose To evaluate the safety and period of hospitalization of the treatment of femoral shaft fractures with titanium elastic nails (TEN) in the age range 5 to 14 years. The hypothesis was that TEN might be a low-cost treatment, with good clinical results and short length of hospitalization. Methods Thirty children with femur fractures were surgically treated with TEN. Results The patients spent an average of 9.4 days in hospital. The average period for the healing process was 7.7 weeks. Partial weight bearing was permitted 3.3 weeks after surgery. The incidence of overgrowth was 60%, with an average of 0.40 cm. Conclusions The surgical method brings few complications and results in good limb alignment, with a short period of hospitalization and early return to daily activities and school.
Stratégies reproductives et transmission des gènes: grâce aux femmes et malgré les hommes ?
Authors: Siffroi J.-P. 
Published: January 2010

Résumé
L’étude des comportements animaux montre que le souci majeur de tout être vivant est de transmettre ses gènes, quel que soit le type de société dans lequel il vit. Cela a conduit, au cours de l’évolution, à l’élaborationde stratégies reproductives variées, différentes selon les espèces, le mode de production des gamètes mais aussi selon le sexe. Chez les mammifères, un certain antagonismereproductif existe entre les mâles et les femelles, qui a trouvé un écho dans la mise en évidence de gènes soumis à empreinte parentale et dans la théorie de la guerre des sexes.
Morse theory of causal geodesics in a stationary spacetime via Morse theory of geodesics of a Finsler metric
Authors: Caponio Erasmo , Javaloyes Miguel Ángel , Masiello Antonio 
Published: January 2010

We show that the index of a lightlike geodesic in a conformally standard stationary spacetime

(\mathcal{M}_{0} \times \mathbb{R},g)

is equal to the index of its spatial projection as a geodesic of a Finsler metric

F

on

\mathcal{M}_{0}

associated to

(\mathcal{M}_{0} \times \mathbb{R},g)

. Moreover we obtain the Morse relations of lightlike geodesics connecting a point

p

to a curve

\gamma (s) = (q_{0},s)

by using Morse theory on the Finsler manifold

(\mathcal{M}_{0},F)

. To this end, we prove a splitting lemma for the energy functional of a Finsler metric. Finally, we show that the reduction to Morse theory of a Finsler manifold can be done also for timelike geodesics.

Résumé

On démontre que l'indice d'un rayon de lumière dans un espace-temps stationnaire

(\mathcal{M}_{0} \times \mathbb{R},g)

conformément standard est égal à l'indice de sa projection spatiale vue comme une géodésique d'une métrique de Finsler

F

sur

\mathcal{M}_{0}

associée à

(\mathcal{M}_{0} \times \mathbb{R},g)

. De plus, on obtient les relations de Morse de géodésiques isotropes reliant un point

p

à une courbe

\gamma (s) = (q_{0},s)

en utilisant la théorie de Morse sur la variété de Finsler

(\mathcal{M}_{0},F)

. À cette fin, on démontre un lemme de séparation de la fonctionnelle de l'énergie d'une métrique de Finsler. Enfin, on montre que la réduction à la théorie de Morse d'une variété de Finsler peut être faite aussi pour les géodésiques temporelles.
Elaboration and numerical anchoring: Implications of attitude theories for consumer judgment and decision making
Authors: Wegener Duane T. , Petty Richard E. , Blankenship Kevin L. , Detweiler‐Bedell Brian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractResearchers across many domains have examined the impact of externally presented numerical anchors on perceiver judgments. In the traditional paradigm, “anchored” judgments are typically explained as a result of elaborate thinking (i.e., confirmatory hypothesis testing that selectively activates anchor‐consistent information in memory). Consistent with a long tradition in attitude change, we suggest that the same judgments can result from relatively thoughtful or non‐thoughtful processes, with more thoughtful processes resulting in judgments that have more lasting impact. We review recent anchoring research consistent with this elaboration‐based perspective and discuss implications for past anchoring results and theory in judgment and decision making.
Prep1 (pKnox1)‐deficiency leads to spontaneous tumor development in mice and accelerates EμMyc lymphomagenesis: A tumor suppressor role for Prep1
Authors: Longobardi E. , Iotti G. , Di Rosa P. , Mejetta S. , Bianchi F. , Fernandez-Diaz L.C. , Micali N. , Nuciforo P. , Lenti E. , Ponzoni M. , Doglioni C. , Caniatti M. , Di Fiore P.P. , Blasi F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Prep1 homeodomain transcription factor is essential for embryonic development. 25% of hypomorphic Prep1i/i embryos, expressing the gene at 2% of the normal levels, survive pregnancy and live a normal‐length life. Later in life, however, these mice develop spontaneous pre‐tumoral lesions or solid tumors (lymphomas and carcinomas). In addition, transplantation of E14.5 fetal liver (FL) Prep1i/i cells into lethally irradiated mice induces lymphomas. In agreement with the above data, haploinsufficiency of a different Prep1‐deficient (null) allele accelerates EμMyc lymphoma growth. Therefore Prep1 has a tumor suppressor function in mice.Immunohistochemistry on tissue micrroarrays (TMA) generated from three distinct human cohorts comprising a total of some 1000 human tumors revealed that 70% of the tumors express no or extremely low levels of Prep1, unlike normal tissues. Our data in mice are thus potentially relevant to human cancer.
Targeting of VEGF‐dependent transendothelial migration of cancer cells by bevacizumab
Authors: Prager Gerald W. , Lackner Eva-Maria , Krauth Maria-Theresa , Unseld Matthias , Poettler Marina , Laffer Sylvia , Cerny-Reiterer Sabine , Lamm Wolfgang , Kornek Gabriela V. , Binder Bernd R. , Zielinski Christoph C. , Valent Peter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCancer progression is often associated with the formation of malignant effusions. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major regulator of vascular permeability and has been implicated as mediator of tumor progression.We examined the production and secretion of VEGF(165) in various primary cancer cells derived from malignant effusions, and the role of exogenous VEGF165 as a mediator of effusion formation. VEGF165 was constantly secreted by all cultured tumor cells in an mTOR‐dependent manner, as it was inhibited by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Secreted VEGF165 showed functional activity by inducing endothelial leakiness and tumor cell‐transendothelial migration in vitro, effects which could be reverted by the anti‐VEGF antibody bevacizumab.Thus, mTOR inhibitors as well as bevacizumab should be considered as potential agents in cancer patients suffering from malignant effusions.
Cosmic ray transport in non-uniform magnetic fields: consequences of gradient and curvature drifts
Authors: SCHLICKEISER R. , JENKO F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLarge-scale spatial variations of the guide magnetic field of interplanetary and interstellar plasmas give rise to the mirror force −(p⊥2/2mγB)∇B). The parallel component of this mirror force causes adiabatic focusing of the cosmic ray guiding center whereas the perpendicular component of the mirror force gives rise to the gradient and curvature drifts of the cosmic ray guiding center. Adiabatic focusing and the gradient and curvature drift terms additionally enter the Fokker–Planck transport equation for the gyrotropic cosmic ray particle phase space density in partially turbulent non-uniform magnetic fields. For magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with dominating magnetic fluctuations, the diffusion approximation is justified, which results in a modification of the diffusion–convection transport equation for the isotropic part of the gyrotropic phase space density from the additional focusing and drift terms. For axisymmetric undamped slab Alfvenic turbulence we show that all perpendicular spatial diffusion coefficients are caused by the non-vanishing gradient and curvature drift terms. For a specific (symmetric in μ) choice of the pitch-angle Fokker–Planck coefficients we show that the ratio of the perpendicular to parallel spatial diffusion coefficients apart from a constant is determined by the spatial first derivatives of the non-constant cosmic ray Larmor radius in the non-uniform magnetic field.
The DSM-IV definition of severity of major depression: inter-relationship and validity
Authors: Lux V. , Aggen S. H. , Kendler K. S. 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundSeverity is an important characteristic of major depression (MD) and an ‘episode specifier’ in DSM-IV classifying depressive episodes as ‘mild’, ‘moderate’ or ‘severe’. These severity subtypes rely on three different measures of severity: number of criteria symptoms, severity of the symptoms and degree of functional disability. No prior empirical study has evaluated the coherence and validity of the DSM-IV definition of severity of MD.MethodIn a sample of 1015 (518 males, 497 females) Caucasian twins from a population-based registry who met criteria for MD in the year prior to interview, factor analysis and logistic regression were conducted to examine the inter-relationships of the three severity measures and their associations with a wide range of potential validators including demographic factors, risk for future episodes, risk of MD in the co-twin, characteristics of the depressive episode, the pattern of co-morbidity, and personality traits.ResultsCorrelations between the three severity measures were significant but moderate. Factor analysis indicated the existence of a general severity factor, but the factor was not highly coherent. The three severity measures showed differential predictive ability for most of the validators.ConclusionsSeverity of MD as defined by the DSM-IV is a multifaceted and heterogeneous construct. The three proposed severity measures reflect partly overlapping but partly independent domains with differential validity as assessed by a wide range of clinical characteristics. Clinicians should probably use a combination of severity measures as proposed in DSM-IV rather than privileging one.
Factors associated with deliberate self-harm among Irish adolescents
Authors: McMahon E. M. , Reulbach U. , Corcoran P. , Keeley H. S. , Perry I. J. , Arensman E. 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundDeliberate self-harm (DSH) is a major public health problem, with young people most at risk. Lifetime prevalence of DSH in Irish adolescents is between 8% and 12%, and it is three times more prevalent among girls than boys. The aim of the study was to identify the psychological, life-style and life event factors associated with self-harm in Irish adolescents.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted, with 3881 adolescents in 39 schools completing an anonymous questionnaire as part of the Child and Adolescent Self-harm in Europe (CASE) study. There was an equal gender balance and 53.1% of students were 16 years old. Information was obtained on history of self-harm life events, and demographic, psychological and life-style factors.ResultsBased on multivariate analyses, important factors associated with DSH among both genders were drug use and knowing a friend who had engaged in self-harm. Among girls, poor self-esteem, forced sexual activity, self-harm of a family member, fights with parents and problems with friendships also remained in the final model. For boys, experiencing bullying, problems with schoolwork, impulsivity and anxiety remained.ConclusionsDistinct profiles of boys and girls who engage in self-harm were identified. Associations between DSH and some life-style and life event factors suggest that mental health factors are not the sole indicators of risk of self-harm. The importance of school-related risk factors underlines the need to develop gender-specific initiatives in schools to reduce the prevalence of self-harm.
Social Assistance and Dependency in South Africa: An Analysis of Attitudes to Paid Work and Social Grants
Authors: SURENDER REBECCA , NOBLE MICHAEL , WRIGHT GEMMA , NTSHONGWANA PHAKAMA 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDespite the absence of an unemployment grant in South Africa, there is growing concern that other social assistance provision might nevertheless weaken work motivation and create a ‘dependency culture’. This study explores attitudes about the relationship between grant receipt and paid employment in South Africa. Using both quantitative and qualitative data, it examines whether there is evidence of a ‘dependency culture’, the nature and strength of labour market attachment among grant recipients, and the opportunities and barriers to employment they face.We found that both those in and out of work placed a high value on paid employment. Joblessness had not become ‘normalised’, and all categories of the workless were extremely motivated to get work. Grant recipients did not subscribe to a distinctive culture but to mainstream values and aspirations. While some benefit claimants subscribed to popularly promoted prejudices about other social assistance claimants, our findings appear to counter recent concerns about potential unintended effects of the current grant system. The key factors in reducing people's chances of finding employment seem linked to the structural conditions of the labour market and the wider economy rather than the motivational characteristics of the unemployed and the arrangements of the grant system.
Time to full publication of studies of anticancer drugs for breast cancer, and the potential for publication bias
Authors: Harris Petra , Takeda Andrea , Loveman Emma , Hartwell Debbie 
Published: January 2010

Objectives:Nonpublication of results of clinical trials can contribute to inappropriate medical decisions. The primary aim of this systematic review was to investigate publication delays between conference abstracts and full journal publications from randomized controlled trial results of new anticancer agents for breast cancer. The review was restricted to anticancer agents previously, or due to be, appraised in the United Kingdom by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. A secondary objective was to identify whether there are any apparent biases in the publication and reporting of these trials.Methods:We searched six electronic databases up to August 2007, including Medline and the Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted and assessed the data.Results:Six anticancer treatments were identified: docetaxel, paclitaxel, trastuzumab, gemcitabine, lapatinib, and bevacizumab. Of eighteen included trials, only four publications from three trials reported the same outcomes in both abstract and full publication. Time delays ranged from 5 to 19 months. Eleven trial abstracts were still without a full publication at the end of our searches, varying from 3 to 38 months since abstract publication. Observational analysis revealed no particular publishing biases.Conclusions:Whereas delays in publication appear reasonable over a period of months, many were not published in full over a period of years and others would appear to be unlikely to ever be published. Further research should investigate the impact of publication delays on the availability of new drug treatments in clinical practice.
A cost-utility analysis of psychoanalysis versus psychoanalytic psychotherapy
Authors: Berghout Caspar C. , Zevalkink Jolien , Hakkaart-van Roijen Leona 
Published: January 2010

Objectives:Despite the considerable and growing body of research about the clinical effectiveness of long-term psychoanalytic treatment, relatively little attention has been paid to economic evaluations, particularly with reference to the broader range of societal effects. In this cost-utility study, we examined the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of psychoanalysis versus psychoanalytic psychotherapy.Methods:Incremental costs and effects were estimated by means of cross-sectional measurements in a cohort design (psychoanalysis,n= 78; psychoanalytic psychotherapy,n= 104). Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated for each treatment strategy using the SF-6D. Total costs were calculated from a societal perspective (treatment costs plus other societal costs) and discounted at 4 percent.Results:Psychoanalysis was more costly than psychoanalytic psychotherapy, but also more effective from a health-related quality of life perspective. The ICER—that is, the extra costs to gain one additional QALY by delivering psychoanalysis instead of psychoanalytic psychotherapy—was estimated at €52,384 per QALY gained.Conclusions:Our findings show that the cost-utility ratio of psychoanalysis relative to psychoanalytic psychotherapy is within an acceptable range. More research is needed to find out whether cost-utility ratios vary with different types of patients. We also encourage cost-utility analyses comparing psychoanalytic treatment to other forms of (long-term) treatment.
Relative effectiveness assessment of listed drugs (REAL): A new method for an early comparison of the effectiveness of approved health technologies
Authors: Falissard Bruno , Izard Valérie , Xerri Bertrand , Bouvenot Gilles , Meyer François , Degos Laurent 
Published: January 2010

Objectives: Post-listing assessment of pharmaceuticals depends on national habits. In England, the assessment is based on estimates of cost per quality-adjusted life-year. These are made some considerable time after listing (negative list). In France, effectiveness, and then efficiency, is assessed immediately after listing (positive list). We propose a new formal method—the REAL method—that can help make early comparisons of the effectiveness of medical treatments.Methods: Relative efficacies are first obtained from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Members of the Transparency Committee (French National Authority for Health) are then consulted by questionnaire on the transposability of these results to real life. The RCT results and experts’ ratings are entered into an effect model to obtain estimates of relative effectiveness, using unidimensional scaling, and bootstrap procedures.Results: Application of the REAL method to the example of a new drug to treat Parkinson's disease and three comparators used in the same indication provided graphs of the distributions of their relative efficacy and relative effectiveness. The new drug was found to provide no added value.Conclusions: The REAL method is a rational, transparent, and practical procedure for comparing the effectiveness of pharmaceuticals in an immediate post-listing setting.
Cost-utility of a cardiovascular prevention program in highly educated adults: Intermediate results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jacobs Nele , Evers Silvia , Ament Andre , Claes Neree 
Published: January 2010

Objectives: Little is known about the costs and the effects of cardiovascular prevention programs targeted at medical and behavioral risk factors. The aim was to evaluate the cost-utility of a cardiovascular prevention program in a general sample of highly educated adults after 1 year of intervention.Methods: The participants were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 208) and usual care conditions (n = 106). The intervention consisted of medical interventions and optional behavior-change interventions (e.g., a tailored Web site). Cost data were registered from a healthcare perspective, and questionnaires were used to determine effectiveness (e.g., quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs]). A cost-utility analysis and sensitivity analyses using bootstrapping were performed on the intermediate results.Results: When adjusting for baseline utility differences, the incremental cost was €433 and the incremental effectiveness was 0.016 QALYs. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was €26,910 per QALY.Conclusions: The intervention was cost-effective compared with usual care in this sample of highly educated adults after 1 year of intervention. Increased participation would make this intervention highly cost-effective.
Prognostic value, clinical effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a marker for major cardiac events in asymptomatic individuals: A health technology assessment report
Authors: Schnell-Inderst Petra , Schwarzer Ruth , Göhler Alexander , Grandi Norma , Grabein Kristin , Stollenwerk Björn , Manne Jennifer , Klauss Volker , Siebert Uwe , Wasem Jürgen 
Published: January 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the predictive value, clinical effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)-screening in addition to traditional risk factor screening in apparently healthy persons as a means of preventing coronary artery disease.Methods and Results: The systematic review was performed according to internationally recognized methods. Seven studies on risk prediction, one clinical decision-analytic modeling study, and three decision-analytic cost-effectiveness studies were included. The adjusted relative risk of high hs-CRP-level ranged from 0.7 to 2.47 (p < .05 in four of seven studies). Adding hs-CRP to the prediction models increased the areas under the curve by 0.00 to 0.027. Based on the clinical decision analysis, both individuals with elevated hs-CRP-levels and those with hyperlipidemia have a similar gain in life expectancy following statin therapy. One high-quality economic modeling study suggests favorable incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for persons with elevated hs-CRP and higher risk. However, many model parameters were based on limited evidence.Conclusions: Adding hs-CRP to traditional risk factors improves risk prediction, but the clinical relevance and cost-effectiveness of this improvement remain unclear.
Schistosoma japonicum infection and rectal carcinoid tumour: underreported coincidence or neglected association?
Authors: ZANGER P. , HABSCHEID W. , KREMSNER P. G. , DAHM H. H. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYSchistosoma japonicum infection associated with a rectal carcinoid in an asymptomatic 44-year-old female from the Philippines is described. A systematic review of the literature could not identify similar reports, suggesting a rare coincidence. However, epidemiological data on the frequency of both conditions as well as published results of a colorectal screening programme from China indicate that underreporting of this concurrence is likely. Moreover, several studies suggest a causal link between schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum and more common gastrointestinal malignancies such as colorectal carcinoma. Hence the presented case and the apparent neglect of this observation in the current literature allow speculation on a role of S. japonicum in the pathogenesis of rare gastrointestinal neoplasms such as carcinoid tumours as well. Future reports on similar observations could help to determine the need for systematic investigations and are strongly encouraged.