bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights from years of performance that are shaping injection‐based remediation systems
Authors: Suthersan Suthan , Horst John , Nelson Denice , Schnobrich Matthew 
Published: March 2011

AbstractResearch and field experience from the past 15 years has allowed remediation professionals to purposefully design injection‐based remediation systems with a high potential for success. Industry professionals can now claim a number of achievements that were unthinkable just a few years ago: (1) we have demonstrated that maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) can be achieved for multiple contaminants; (2) we have successfully targeted dense nonaqueous‐phase liquid (DNAPL) source zones; (3) we have expanded our understanding of injection hydraulics to treat large plumes; and (4) we have collected sufficient data on rates of treatment to be more predictive regarding outcomes.The next decade will continue to evolve the design and execution of these types of systems for application to more complex problems. At this point on the timeline, questions regarding the mechanisms of treatment have largely been addressed, allowing a shift in focus to operational enhancements. Specific operational insights arising from the body of work to date that arguably will continue to shape and influence the design and execution of injection‐based remediation systems include: (1) the fact that delivery does not always equal distribution, (2) treatment optimization requires aquifer tuning, and (3) life‐cycle costs can be reduced with remedy‐optimized investigation.The number of examples that support these concepts and their ramifications to future technology refinement is already increasing, demonstrating how the refinements that can be made around these areas of focus will enhance our ability to effectively tackle larger and more complicated plumes, and do so with maximum efficiency. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Innovative use of a pressure‐pulse injection tool to increase transmissivity in a collection trench
Authors: Morris Kevin A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPressure‐pulse injection tools are widely used in the oil and gas extraction industry to increase well production yields; however, they have been sparingly used in the environmental industry. These injection tools work by applying a pressure pulse to the subsurface that can open subsurface pore throats in unconsolidated material, increasing yields or increasing a radius of influence from a substrate injection. Collection trenches at an industrial site were installed to increase recovery of No. 2 fuel oil in the subsurface and maintain hydraulic control of the contaminant plume. However, after operating for seven years, significant reduction in recovery was observed. Diminished recovery was attributed to biofouling, iron fouling, and/or excessive scaling. A pilot test was conducted in 2009 to determine if a pressure‐pulse injection tool could be used to inject an antifouling agent and rehabilitate two of the site collection trenches. The pilot test was successful in increasing the transmissivity of both trenches, with an order‐of‐magnitude increase in groundwater recovery at Collection Trench 1 and a 50 percent increase in recovery at Collection Trench 2. The trench rehabilitation using the pressure‐pulse injection tool was conducted at two other site collection trenches in 2010 with similar success and is now proposed as part of regular maintenance of the trenches on an as‐needed basis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Burden and typing of rotavirus group A in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Linhares Alexandre C. , Stupka Juan A. , Ciapponi Agustín , Bardach Ariel E. , Glujovsky Demián , Aruj Patricia K. , Mazzoni Agustina , Rodriguez Jefferson A. Buendía , Rearte Analía , Lanzieri Tatiana M. , Ortega‐Barria Eduardo , Colindres Romulo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe efficacy of licensed rotavirus vaccines has only been shown against certain rotavirus group A (RV‐A) types. It is critical to understand the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) and its prevalent types to assess the potential impact of these vaccines in Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C). We performed a systematic review and meta‐analyses of all the available evidence reported from 1990 to 2009 on the burden of rotavirus disease and strains circulating in LA&C. Eligible studies—185 country‐level reports, 174 951 faecal samples—were selected from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, regional Ministries of Health, PAHO, regional proceedings, doctoral theses, reference lists of included studies and consulting experts. Arc‐sine transformations and DerSimonian–Laird random‐effects model were used for meta‐analyses. The proportion of gastroenteritis cases due to rotavirus was 24.3% (95%CI 22.3–26.4) and the incidence of RVGE was 170 per 1000 children‐years (95%CI 130–210). We estimated a global annual mortality for 22 countries of 88.2 (95%CI 79.3–97.1) deaths per 100 000 under 5 years (47 000 deaths).The most common G type detected was G1 (34.2%), followed by G9 (14.6%), and G2 (14.4%). The most common P types detected were P[8] (56.2%), P[4] (22.1%) and P[1] 5.4%, and the most prevalent P–G type associations were P[8]G1 17.9%, P[4]G2 9.1% and P[8]G9 8.8%. In the last 10 years, G9 circulation increased remarkably and G5 almost disappeared. More recently, G12 appeared and P[4]G2 re‐emerged. To our knowledge, this is the first meta‐analysis of rotavirus infection and burden of disease in LA&C. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smoothing methods for histogram‐valued time series: an application to value‐at‐risk
Authors: Arroyo Javier , González‐Rivera Gloria , Maté Carlos , San Roque Antonio Muñoz 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe adapt smoothing methods to histogram‐valued time series (HTS) by introducing a barycentric histogram that emulates the “average” operation, which is the key to any smoothing filter. We show that, due to its linear properties, only the Mallows‐barycenter is acceptable if we wish to preserve the essence of any smoothing mechanism. We implement a barycentric exponential smoothing to forecast the HTS of daily histograms of intradaily returns to both the SP500 and the IBEX 35 indexes. We construct a one‐step‐ahead histogram forecast, from which we retrieve a desired γ‐value‐at‐risk (VaR) forecast. In the case of the SP500 index, a barycentric exponential smoothing delivers a better forecast, in the MSE sense, than those derived from vector autoregression models, especially for the 5% VaR. In the case of IBEX35, the forecasts from both methods are equally good. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 216–228, 2011
Women using a web‐based digital health coaching programme for stress management: stress sources, symptoms and soping strategies
Authors: Giuseffi Danielle L. , Bedrosian Richard C. , Schwartz Steven M. , Wildenhaus Kevin J. , Wang Chun , Yu Alvin , Wiegand Ben 
Published: March 2011

AbstractResearchers have proposed and tested many theories to understand gender differences in stress experiences. However, little research has identified differences between subgroups of women in terms of stress sources, symptoms, coping strategies and help‐seeking behaviour. The purpose of this study was to examine these characteristics of women seeking help for stress management through a digital health coaching programme. We examined cross‐sectional data from 63,690 women between the ages of 18 and 59 years who participated in the stress management programme from 2001 to 2008. We divided the sample into age groups to identify developmental patterns in their stress characteristics.Work, time demands and psychological reactions to stress were consistent concerns, whereas between‐group comparisons indicated diverse stress characteristics by age group. Importantly, women at all ages reported being uncomfortable asking for help. The findings suggest that technology‐based solutions like digital health coaching may reach women who may not otherwise seek or receive help for stress management. The results also emphasize the importance of considering the unique characteristics of women when providing them stress management interventions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo and in vitro liver and gill EROD activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to the beta‐blocker propranolol
Authors: Bartram Abigail E. , Winter Matthew J. , Huggett Duane B. , McCormack Paul , Constantine Lisa A. , Hetheridge Malcolm J. , Hutchinson Thomas H. , Kinter Lewis B. , Ericson Jon. F. , Sumpter John P. , Owen Stewart F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe conservation of common physiological systems across vertebrate classes suggests the potential for certain pharmaceuticals, which have been detected in surface waters, to produce biological effects in nontarget vertebrates such as fish. However, previous studies assessing the effects of such compounds in fish have not taken into account the potential for metabolism and elimination. This study aimed to assess if propranolol, a β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist or β‐blocker, could modulate EROD activity (indicative of CYP1A activity) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gills and liver. For this, an in vivo time course exposure with 1 mg/L was conducted. Additionally, using measured in vivo plasma concentrations, an in vitro exposure at human therapeutic levels was undertaken. This allowed comparison of in vitro and in vivo rates of EROD activity, thus investigating the applicability of cell preparations as surrogates for whole animal enzyme activity analysis. In vitro exposure of suspended liver and gill cells at concentrations similar to in vivo levels resulted in EROD activity in both tissues, but with significantly higher rates (up to six times in vivo levels). These results show that propranolol exposure elevated EROD activity in the liver and gill of rainbow trout, and that this is demonstrable both in vivo (albeit nonsignificantly in the liver) and in vitro, thus supporting the use of the latter as a surrogate of the former. These data also provide an insight into the potential role of the gill as a site of metabolism of pharmaceuticals in trout, suggesting that propranolol (and feasibly other pharmaceuticals) may undergo “first pass” metabolism in this organ. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2012.
Signal pathway of hippocampal apoptosis and cognitive impairment of mice caused by cerium chloride
Authors: Cheng Zhe , Li Na , Cheng Jie , Hu Renping , Gao Guodong , Cui Yaling , Gong Xiaolan , Wang Ling , Hong Fashui 
Published: March 2011

AbstractExperimental studies have demonstrated that lanthanides could impair cognitive functions of children and animals, but very little is known about the hippocampal apoptosis and its molecular mechanism. The study investigated the signal pathway of hippocampal apoptosis induced by intragastric administration of CeCl3 for 60 consecutive days. It showed that cerium had been significantly accumulated in the mouse hippocampus, and CeCl3 caused hippocampal apoptosis and impairment of spatial recognition memory of mice. CeCl3 effectively activated caspase‐3 and ‐9, inhibited Bcl‐2, and increased the levels of Bax and cytochrome c, promoted accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the mouse hippocampus. It implied that CeCl3‐induced apoptosis in the mouse hippocampus could be triggered via mitochondrion‐mediated pathway. Our findings suggest the need for great caution to handle the lanthanides for workers and consumers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2012.
Multiple biomarkers responses in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, after acute exposure to a fungicide propiconazole
Authors: Li Zhi‐Hua , Zlabek Vladimir , Velisek Josef , Grabic Roman , Machova Jana , Kolarova Jitka , Li Ping , Randak Tomas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this study, the toxic effects of propiconazole (PCZ), a triazole fungicide present in aquatic environment, were studied in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, by acute toxicity test with the concentration of 5.04 mg/L (96 h LC50). Morphological indices, hematological parameters, liver xenobiotic‐metabolizing response, and tissue antioxidant status were evaluated. Compared with the control group, fish exposed to PCZ showed significantly higher Leuko, PCV, MCHC, and hepatic EROD, and significantly lower MCV. CF and HSI were not significantly different among groups. SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR activities increased significantly in liver of experimental groups, but decreased significantly in gill. In general, antioxidant enzyme activity in intestine was less evident than in liver. Oxidative stress indices (levels of LPO and CP) were significantly higher in gill. Additionally, through chemometrics of all parameters measured in this study, two groups with 67.29% of total accumulated variance were distinguished. In short, the physiological and biochemical responses in different tissues of fish indicated that PCZ‐induced the stressful environmental conditions. But according to PCZ residual status in the natural environment, more long‐term experiments at lower concentrations will be necessary in the future. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2013.
Support vector machine regularization
Authors: Reeves D. M. , Jacyna G. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFinding the best decision boundary for a classification problem involves covariance structures, distance measures, and eigenvectors. This article considers how eigenstructures are an inherent part of the support vector machine (SVM) functional basis that encodes the geometric features of a separating hyperplane. SVM learning capacity involves an eigenvector set that spans the parameter space being learned. The linear SVM has been shown to have insufficient learning capacity when the number of training examples exceeds the dimension of the feature space. For this case, an incomplete eigenvector set spans the observation space. SVM architectures based on insufficient eigenstructures lack sufficient learning capacity for good separating hyperplanes. However, proper regularization ensures that two essential types of ‘biases’ are encoded within SVM functional mappings: an appropriate set of algebraic (and thus geometric) relationships and a sufficient eigenstructure set. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 204–215 DOI: 10.1002/wics.149This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Support Vector Machines
Sample size calculations for clinical trials
Authors: Chow Shein‐Chung 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSample size calculation plays an important role in clinical research. It is not only to identify signals or trends (with certain statistical assurance) of any (preferably optimal or best) clinical benefits to the patient population under study, but also to ensure that there are sufficient number of subjects enrolled in the study for providing substantial evidence of safety and efficacy of the test treatment under investigation. In practice, there may exist no closed forms for sample size calculations due to the complexity of the intended clinical trials. Different types of clinical trials (e.g., noninferiority/equivalence trials, superiority trials, dose–response trials, and combinational trials) are often conducted for different purposes of clinical investigations under different study designs (e.g., parallel/crossover design, group sequential design, and adaptive clinical trial designs). Thus, different procedures and/or formulas may be employed for achieving study objectives with certain desirable statistical inferences at a prespecified level of significance. This article provides an overview of scientific factors (study endpoint, clinically meaningful difference or treatment effect, controlling type I error rate, etc.) that may have an impact on sample size calculation in clinical research. Some procedures for sample size calculation in nonstandard settings such as sample size adjustment with protocol amendments, two‐stage seamless adaptive trial design with different study objectives and endpoints, and multiregional clinical trials are also discussed. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 414–427 DOI: 10.1002/wics.155This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Clinical Trials
Choosing the number of clusters
Authors: Mirkin Boris 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe issue of determining ‘the right number of clusters’ is attracting ever growing interest. The paper reviews published work on the issue with respect to mixture of distributions, partition, especially in k‐means clustering, and hierarchical cluster structures. Some perspective directions for further developments are outlined. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2011 1 252–260 DOI: 10.1002/widm.15This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Controlling forces and pathways in self‐assembly using viruses and DNA
Authors: Keum Jung‐Won , Hathorne Adam P. , Bermudez Harry 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe ability of both viruses and DNA to self‐assemble in solution has continues to enable numerous applications at the nanoscale. Here we review the relevant interactions dictating the assembly of these structures, as well as discussing how they can be exploited experimentally. Because self‐assembly is a process, we discuss various strategies for achieving spatial and temporal control. Finally, we highlight a few examples of recent advances that exploit the features of these nanostructures. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 282–297 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.129This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Super‐resolution microscopy for nanosensing
Authors: Galbraith James A. , Galbraith Catherine G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe recent advances in optical microscopy enable the simultaneous visualization of thousands of structural and signaling molecules as they dynamically rearrange within living cells. Super‐resolution microscopy offers an unprecedented opportunity to define the molecular mechanisms of nanosensing through direct observation of protein movement. This technology provides a real‐time readout of how genetically targeted molecular perturbations affect protein interactions. As we strive to meet the challenge offered by the opportunity to ask questions about the mechanism of cell that we never thought we could answer, we need to be aware that the new technologies are still evolving. The current limitations of each technique need to be considered when matching them to specific biological questions. In this review, we briefly describe the principles of super‐resolution optical microscopy and focus on comparing the characteristics of each technique that are important for their use in studying nanosensing in the cellular microenvironment. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 247–255 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.130This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Environmental enrichment for a mixed‐species nocturnal mammal exhibit
Authors: Clark Fay E. , Melfi Vicky A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEnvironmental enrichment (EE) is an integral aspect of modern zoo animal management but, empirical evaluation of it is biased toward species housed in single‐species groups. Nocturnal houses, where several nocturnal species are housed together, are particularly overlooked. This study investigated whether three species (nine‐banded armadillos, Dasypus novemcinctus; Senegal bush babies, Galago senegalensis; two‐toed sloths, Choloepus didactylus) in the nocturnal house at Paignton Zoo Environmental Park, UK could be enriched using food‐based and sensory EE. Subjects were an adult male and female of each species. EE was deemed effective if it promoted target species‐typical behaviors, behavioral diversity, and increased use of enriched exhibit zones. Results from generalized linear mixed models demonstrated that food‐based EE elicited the most positive behavioral effects across species. One set of food‐based EEs (Kong®, termite mound and hanging food) presented together was associated with a significant increase in species‐typical behaviors, increased behavioral diversity, and increased use of enriched exhibit zones in armadillos and bush babies. Although one type of sensory EE (scented pine cones) increased overall exhibit use in all species, the other (rainforest sounds) was linked to a significant decrease in species‐typical behavior in bush babies and sloths. There were no intra or interspecies conflicts over EE, and commensalism occurred between armadillos and bush babies. Our data demonstrate that simple food‐based and sensory EE can promote positive behavioral changes in a mixed‐species nocturnal mammal exhibit. We suggest that both food and sensory EE presented concurrently will maximize opportunities for naturalistic activity in all species. Zoo Biol 31:397–413, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High Surgical Morbidity Following Distal Pancreatectomy: Still an Unsolved Problem
Authors: Reeh Matthias , Nentwich Michael F. , Bogoevski Dean , Koenig Alexandra M. , Gebauer Florian , Tachezy Michael , Izbicki Jakob R. , Bockhorn Maximilian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundHigh surgical morbidity following distal pancreatectomy, especially pancreatic fistula, remains an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors for surgical morbidity with a focus on the development of pancreatic fistula.MethodsClinicopathologic parameters were collected for 283 patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy between January 2000 and May 2010. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for surgical morbidity and pancreatic fistula.ResultsSpleen‐preserving pancreatectomy was carried out in 12% of all cases and multivisceral resections were performed in 37.8%. For closure of the pancreatic remnant, three different techniques were used: hand‐sewn suture in 44.5%, pancreaticojejunal anastomosis in 24%, and closure by stapler in 31.5%. Overall morbidity and mortality were 53 and 3.5%. Surgical morbidity was observed in 50.2% of all cases and pancreatic fistula in 24%. The stapling group had significantly higher surgical morbidity at 65.2% (p = 0.001) and the most pancreatic fistulas, though this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.189). Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses indicated that closure by stapler [odds ratio (OR) = 3.61; p < 0.001] is a risk factor for surgical morbidity.ConclusionClosure of the pancreatic remnant by using a stapling device was associated with an increased risk of surgical morbidity. With an increasing number of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomies being performed, further studies analyzing the use of stapling devices and newer closure techniques are needed.