bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of time‐to‐event methods in dental research: a comparison based on five dental journals over a 11‐year period
Authors: Vähänikkilä Hannu , Miettunen Jouko , Tjäderhane Leo , Larmas Markku , Nieminen Pentti 
Published: February 2012

Vähänikkilä H, Miettunen J, Tjäderhane L, Larmas M, Nieminen P. The use of time‐to‐event methods in dental research: a comparison based on five dental journals over a 11‐year period. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40 (Suppl. 1): 36–42. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Objectives: Time‐to‐event methods are used in multivariate data analysis to describe the relationship between patient variables and the timing of an outcome event. The aims of this study were to evaluate the reporting of statistical techniques and results in dental research papers with special reference to time‐to‐event (TTE) methods and to create guidelines for the appropriate reporting of these methods.Methods: All the original research reports published in five dental journals in 1996, 2001, 2005, 2006, and 2007 were reviewed. The evaluation covered 1985 articles that were based on the systematic collection and statistical analysis of research data. Differences between TTE approaches and others were assessed in terms of the justification for the number of cases, description of procedures, statistical references, software used, and statistical figures and tables provided.Results: Fifty‐six papers (2.8% of the total) used time‐to‐event methods, the frequency of which increased slightly from 1996 to 2007 (P = 0.061). Statistical procedures were described more extensively in the papers, which used TTE methods. Reporting of the statistical methodology in papers using other methods was in general inadequate.Conclusions: TTE methods are underused in dental research. Authors could well take heed of these results when designing their research, so as to make more use of such methods and to present the results in a manner that is in line with the policy and presentation of the leading dental journals. Authors could also improve their statistical reporting with the help of the guidelines presented here.
The cosmic web and the orientation of angular momenta
Authors: Libeskind Noam I. , Hoffman Yehuda , Knebe Alexander , Steinmetz Matthias , Gottlöber Stefan , Metuki Ofer , Yepes Gustavo 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT
We use a 64 h−1 Mpc dark-matter-only cosmological simulation to examine the large-scale orientation of haloes and substructures with respect to the cosmic web. A web classification scheme based on the velocity shear tensor is used to assign to each halo in the simulation a web type: knot, filament, sheet or void. Using ∼106 haloes that span ∼3 orders of magnitude in mass, the orientation of the halo's spin and the orbital angular momentum of subhaloes with respect to the eigenvectors of the shear tensor is examined. We find that the orbital angular momentum of subhaloes tends to align with the intermediate eigenvector of the velocity shear tensor for all haloes in knots, filaments and sheets. This result indicates that the kinematics of substructures located deep within the virialized regions of a halo is determined by its infall which in turn is determined by the large-scale velocity shear, a surprising result given the virialized nature of haloes. The non-random nature of subhalo accretion is thus imprinted on the angular momentum measured at z= 0. We also find that the haloes’ spin axis is aligned with the third eigenvector of the velocity shear tensor in filaments and sheets: the halo spin axis points along filaments and lies in the plane of cosmic sheets.
Biochemical Increase in Phosphorylated Alpha‐Synuclein Precedes Histopathology of Lewy‐Type Synucleinopathies
Authors: Lue Lih‐Fen , Walker Douglas G. , Adler Charles H. , Shill Holly , Tran Hung , Akiyama Haruhiko , Sue Lucia I. , Caviness John , Sabbagh Marwan N. , Beach Thomas G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA key component in Lewy body (LB) pathology in LB disorders is α‐synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (pαsyn). However, it is not known if increase in the level of biochemically measurable pαsyn precedes the presence of histologically identified Lewy‐type synucleinopathy (LTS). To gain sights into possible temporal sequence, we measured levels of pαsyn in cingulate and temporal cortices that develop LTS pathology at later stages of LB disorders. Brain homogenates from 128 autopsy cases including normal controls and subjects classified by Unified LTS histopathology staging system were studied. We found that biochemically measurable pαsyn levels in cingulate and temporal cortices were significantly increased at Unified stages III and IV. When pαsyn levels were compared between LTS density scores instead of Unified stages, significant increases were detected even as LTS density scores increased from 0 to 1 in olfactory bulb and substantia nigra. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that changes of pαsyn levels in cingulate and temporal cortices coincided with the early appearance of the LTS pathology in olfactory bulb and substantia nigra, even though histologically demonstrable LTS was lacking in the cortical region. Therefore, identifying the underlying mechanisms driving these changes could be crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of LB disorders.
Applicability of satellite‐based rainfall algorithms for estimating flood‐related rainfall events in the mid‐latitudes. Part II: temporal integration
Authors: Görner C. , Kronenberg R. , Bernhofer C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn a continuation of Part I on spatial integration, this paper presents research on the applicability of four satellite‐based rainfall algorithms to derive hourly rain intensities in the mid‐latitudes using highly resolved data from the first Meteosat Second Generation (MSG‐1) satellite. It focuses on the suitability of these algorithms to detect and monitor (flash) flood‐related rain intensities for different temporal resolutions. The temporal integration is examined using six different integration steps ranging from 1 h to 24 h and three different data‐filtering methods. The effects of this temporal integration on the quality of satellite‐based rain intensities (amounts and locations) are examined with regard to heavy and possible flood‐triggering rain intensities. Also, loss of temporal information and possible applications for flood risk management are considered. For this purpose, Saxony (Germany) is used as an example, and 9 high‐rainfall days between May and August 2006 were analysed by comparing satellite rain intensities to rain gauge‐adjusted radar data. The results show that temporal integration leads to improvements in evaluation scores, especially for heavy rain intensities, by up to +62%. However, this integration leads to a decreased applicability for the detection of high‐intensity rainfall events because they tend to be short in duration.
A new methodology to assess the benefits of flood warning
Authors: Ball T. , Black A. , Ellis R. , Hemsley L. , Hollebrandse F. , Lardet P. , Wicks J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA new assessment methodology is presented for the benefits of flood warning that applies both tangible and intangible benefits from warning generation and dissemination using a multi‐criteria analysis (MCA). The resulting decision support tool allows benefits to be scored transparently, reinforced by Geographical Information System (GIS) procedures. A wide range of benefits are scored including: protection of key infrastructure, avoided social impacts, timely operation of flood defences and avoided risks to life from the flood hazard. Pilot testing on some 22 sites at a variety of scales (catchments and flood warning areas) showed that the method works effectively when making ‘like for like’ comparisons, considering a wholly new system for large catchments, or upgrades to warning and dissemination systems in sub‐catchment flood warning areas. The methodology promotes consultation and data interchange between the warning organisation and end‐users in order to prioritise particular areas of need for new or improved systems.
High value of short rotation coppice plantations for phytodiversity in rural landscapes
Authors: Baum Sarah , Bolte Andreas , Weih Martin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe demand for wood from short rotation coppice (SRC) plantations as a renewable energy source is currently increasing and could affect biodiversity in agricultural areas. The objective was to evaluate the contribution of SRC plantations to phytodiversity in agricultural landscapes assessed as species richness, species–area relationships, Shannon indices, detrended correspondence analysis on species composition, Sørensen similarities, habitat preference proportions, and species proportions found in only one land use. Vegetation surveys were conducted on 12 willow (Salix spp.) and three poplar (Populus spp.) coppice sites as well as on surrounding arable lands, grasslands and forests in central Sweden and northern Germany. SRC plantations were richer in plant species (mean: 30 species per 100 m²) than arable land (10), coniferous forests (13) and mixed forests in Germany (12). Comparing SRC plantations with other land uses, we found lowest similarities in species composition with arable lands, coniferous forests and German mixed forests and highest similarities with marginal grassland strips, grasslands and Swedish mixed forests. Similarity depended on the SRC tree cover: at increased tree cover, SRC plantations became less similar to grasslands but more similar to forests. The SRC plantations were composed of a mixture of grassland (33%), ruderal (24%) and woodland (15%) species. Species abundance in SRC plantations was more heterogeneous than in arable lands. We conclude that SRC plantations form novel habitats leading to different plant species composition compared to conventional land uses. Their landscape‐scale value for phytodiversity changes depending on harvest cycles and over time. As a structural landscape element, SRC plantations contribute positively to phytodiversity in rural areas, especially in land use mosaics where these plantations are admixed to other land uses with dissimilar plant species composition such as arable land, coniferous forest and, at the German sites, also mixed forest.
Upholding God’s Rule: Early Muslim Juristic Opposition to the State Employment of non-Muslims
Authors: Yarbrough Luke 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis is a study of what purport to be the earliest opinions that Muslims expressed about the employment of non-Muslim administrators by an Islamic state. Matn-cumisnād analyses are performed on three early reports which claim that the caliph ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb instituted a religious criterion for state employment. These constitute the only credible evidence that such a criterion might have been part of administrative policy in the pre-Marwānid period. They were also an important basis for later legal doctrines that forbade the state employment of non-Muslims. The matn-cum-isnād analyses are placed in juxtaposition to historical reports concerning the late Umayyad period, in order to advance the thesis that the reports are likely to have been put into circulation by proto-Sunnī Arab traditionists in second-/eighth-century Kufa in reaction to state policies, particularly those of the Umayyad governor Khālid al-Qasrī.
Does It Make Sense to Speak about a “Hellenization of Christianity” in Antiquity?
Authors: Markschies Christoph 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this paper, delivered as the First Annual Lecture in Patristics of the Centre for Patristic Research (CPO), the author poses the question whether it still makes sense to speak about a Hellenization of Christianity in Antiquity. In contrast to the nineteenth-century understanding, it is shown that many of today's authors claim that we need to avoid any intellectual and ideological narrow-mindedness. The author pleads for a precise manner in defining the term “Hellenization” much more than the scholars of the nineteenth century did. Against the background of these thoughts he refines his own definition of the Hellenization of Christianity as a specific transformation of the Alexandrian educational institutions and of the academic culture that was developed in these institutions in the theological reflection of Early Christianity.
Using a spike-in experiment to evaluate analysis of LC-MS data
Authors: Tuli Leepika , Tsai Tsung-Heng , Varghese Rency S , Xiao Jun Feng , Cheema Amrita , Ressom Habtom W 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Recent advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology have led to more effective approaches for measuring changes in peptide/protein abundances in biological samples. Label-free LC-MS methods have been used for extraction of quantitative information and for detection of differentially abundant peptides/proteins. However, difference detection by analysis of data derived from label-free LC-MS methods requires various preprocessing steps including filtering, baseline correction, peak detection, alignment, and normalization. Although several specialized tools have been developed to analyze LC-MS data, determining the most appropriate computational pipeline remains challenging partly due to lack of established gold standards.

Results
The work in this paper is an initial study to develop a simple model with "presence" or "absence" condition using spike-in experiments and to be able to identify these "true differences" using available software tools. In addition to the preprocessing pipelines, choosing appropriate statistical tests and determining critical values are important. We observe that individual statistical tests could lead to different results due to different assumptions and employed metrics. It is therefore preferable to incorporate several statistical tests for either exploration or confirmation purpose.

Conclusions
The LC-MS data from our spike-in experiment can be used for developing and optimizing LC-MS data preprocessing algorithms and to evaluate workflows implemented in existing software tools. Our current work is a stepping stone towards optimizing LC-MS data acquisition and testing the accuracy and validity of computational tools for difference detection in future studies that will be focused on spiking peptides of diverse physicochemical properties in different concentrations to better represent biomarker discovery of differentially abundant peptides/proteins.
Self-assembled Nanogel Engineering for Advanced Biomedical Technology
Authors: Sasaki Yoshihiro , Akiyoshi Kazunari 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Nanogels are polymer nanoparticles with three-dimensional networks. Recently, various nanogels have been designed, with a particular focus on biomedical applications. In this review, we describe recent progress in the synthesis of functional nanogels by self-assembly of associating polymers and nanogel engineering for advanced biomedical technology including regenerative medicine and drug delivery systems.
Propane Metathesis by a Tandem Catalytic System: Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenation over PtSn/Al2O3, and Metathesis over Re2O7/Al2O3
Authors: Furukawa Shinya , Shishido Tetsuya , Tanaka Tsunehiro 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Metathesis of propane into n-butane and ethane using a tandem catalytic system consisting of two catalysts (PtSn/Al2O3 for dehydrogenation of alkane and hydrogenation of alkene, and Re2O7/Al2O3 for alkene metathesis) has been investigated. When the temperatures of two catalyst-beds are controlled independently, this system shows high conversion and is selective for the formation of n-butane.
A Pd Nanoparticle/Silica Nanoparticle/Acrylic Polymer Hybrid Layer for Direct Electroless Copper Deposition on a Polymer Substrate
Authors: Tamai Toshiyuki , Watanabe Mitsuru , Ikeda Shingo , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Fujiwara Yutaka , Matsukawa Kimihiro 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Copper was directly deposited on a polymer substrate whose surface is coated with a palladium nanoparticle/silica nanoparticle/acrylic polymer hybrid layer. On the surface of the hybrid, the palladium nanoparticles function as a catalyst for the electroless copper deposition, and the nanometer-scale roughness, which is due to the silica nanoparticles, increases the adhesion between the polymer and copper.
A Light-emitting Liquid Crystal Containing p-Terphenyl and an Alkylsilyl Group
Authors: Otsuka Kyohei , Ishida Shintaro , Kyushin Soichiro 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A light-emitting liquid crystal containing p-terphenyl and a pentylsilyl group was synthesized, and its thermodynamic and photochemical properties were studied. The pentylsilyl group was found to work as a flexible side chain of a thermotropic liquid crystal. This compound shows intense blue fluorescence in hexane and in the liquid crystal state.
Formation of Stripe Patterns in Charged Colloids during Unidirectional Crystallization in the Presence of Impurity Particles
Authors: Yoshizawa Koki , Onda Sachiko , Sawada Tsutomu , Yamanaka Junpei 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We examine the spatial distributions of fluorescent-labeled polystyrene (PS) particles added to colloidal silica that resulted after unidirectional crystal growth due to diffusion of pyridine. We find that the PS particles are arranged in a stripe pattern with a submillimeter-sized spacing. The patterning mechanism is attributable to the formation of lamella-shaped crystal grains and exclusion of the PS particles to the crystal grain boundaries.
The early radiological results of the uncemented Oxford medial compartment knee replacement
Authors: Hooper G. J. , Maxwell A. R. , Wilkinson B. , Mathew J. , Woodfield T. B. F. , Penny I. D. , Burn P. J. , Frampton C. 
Published: February 2012

We carried out a prospective investigation into the radiological outcomes of uncemented Oxford medial compartment unicondylar replacement in 220 consecutive patients (231 knees) performed in a single centre with a minimum two-year follow-up. The functional outcomes using the mean Oxford knee score and the mean high-activity arthroplasty score were significantly improved over the pre-operative scores (p < 0.001). There were 196 patients with a two-year radiological examination performed under fluoroscopic guidance, aiming to provide images acceptable for analysis of the bone–implant interface. Of the six tibial zones examined on each knee on the anteroposterior radiograph, only three had a partial radiolucent line. All were in the medial aspect of the tibial base plate (zone 1) and all measured < 1 mm. All of these patients were asymptomatic. There were no radiolucent lines seen around the femoral component or on the lateral view. There was one revision for loosening at one year due to initial inadequate seating of the tibial component. These results confirm that the early uncemented Oxford medial unicompartmental compartmental knee replacements were reliable and the incidence of radiolucent lines was significantly decreased compared with the reported results of cemented versions of this implant. These independent results confirm those of the designing centre.
Telemetric assessment of bone healing with an instrumented internal fixator
Authors: Seide K. , Aljudaibi M. , Weinrich N. , Kowald B. , Jürgens C. , Müller J. , Faschingbauer M. 
Published: February 2012

In an interdisciplinary project involving electronic engineers and clinicians, a telemetric system was developed to measure the bending load in a titanium internal femoral fixator. As this was a new device, the main question posed was: what clinically relevant information could be drawn from its application? As a first clinical investigation, 27 patients (24 men, three women) with a mean age of 38.4 years (19 to 66) with femoral nonunions were treated using the system. The mean duration of the nonunion was 15.4 months (5 to 69). The elasticity of the plate-callus system was measured telemetrically until union. Conventional radiographs and a CT scan at 12 weeks were performed routinely, and healing was staged according to the CT scans. All nonunions healed at a mean of 21.5 weeks (13 to 37). Well before any radiological signs of healing could be detected, a substantial decrease in elasticity was recorded. The relative elasticity decreased to 50% at a mean of 7.8 weeks (3.5 to 13) and to 10% at a mean of 19.3 weeks (4.5 to 37). At 12 weeks the mean relative elasticity was 28.1% (0% to 56%). The relative elasticity was significantly different between the different healing stages as determined by the CT scans. Incorporating load measuring electronics into implants is a promising option for the assessment of bone healing. Future application might lead to a reduction in the need for exposure to ionising radiation to monitor fracture healing.
Comparative electrode kinetics of micro and nano-crystalline boron doped diamond.
Authors: Saito E. , Azevedo A.F. , Souza F.A. , Ferreira N.G. , Baldan M.R. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTComparative study of boron doped micro/nanocrystalline diamond (BDD/BDND) electrodes was performed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements (EIS). The morphological and structural characterizations of BDD/BDND films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The films were grown with different boron amounts added in the feed gas. The boron source for BDND was smaller in concentration than that for BDD sample. Nonetheless, differential capacitance (Mott-Schottky plots) and heterogeneous charge transfer constant results showed similar doping level for both electrodes. This behavior indicated the high efficiency to dope nanocrystalline diamond films.
Engineered Nanostructured Coatings for Enhanced Protein Adsorption and Cell Growth
Authors: Namavar Fereydoon , Rubinstein Alexander , Sabirianov Renat F. , Thiele Geoffrey M. , Sharp J. Graham , Pokharel Utsav , Namavar Roxanna M. , Garvin Kevin L. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTWe designed and produced pure cubic zirconia (ZrO2) ceramic1 coatings by an ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) with nanostructures comparable to the size of proteins. Our ceramic coatings exhibit high hardness and a zero contact angle with serum. In contrast to hydroxyapatite (HA), nano-engineered zirconia films possess excellent adhesion to all orthopaedic materials. Cell adhesion and proliferation experiments were performed with a bona fide mesenchymal stromal cell line (OMA-AD). Our experimental results indicate that the nano-engineered cubic zirconia is superior in supporting growth, adhesion, and proliferation. Since cell attachment is mediated by adhesive proteins such as fibronectin (FN), to elucidate why cells attach more effectively to our nanostructures, we performed a comparative analysis of adsorption energies of FN fragment using quantum mechanical calculations and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation both on smooth and nanostructured surfaces. We have found that a FN fragment adsorbs significantly stronger on the nanostructured surface than on the smooth surface2.
ZnSxO1-x Films Grown on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Huso Jesse , Che Hui , Morrison John L. , Thapa Dinesh , Huso Michelle , Rhodes Stanley , Blanchard Brianna , Yeh Wei Jiang , McCluskey M. D. , Bergman Leah 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBandgap engineered ZnSxO1-x films were grown on Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) substrates and analyzed using transmission spectroscopy. FEP is considered as a potential substrate for application in flexible electronics and semiconductor films.