bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recruitment dynamics of the Gulf of Riga herring stock: density-dependent and environmental effects
Authors: Raid Tiit , Kornilovs Georgs , Lankov Ain , Nisumaa Anne-Marin , Shpilev Heli , Järvik Ahto 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRaid, T., Kornilovs, G., Lankov, A., Nisumaa, A-M., Shpilev, H., and Järvik, A. 2010. Recruitment dynamics of the Gulf of Riga herring stock: density-dependent and environmental effects. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1914–1920. The Gulf of Riga and open-sea stocks of the Baltic herring have displayed remarkably consistent inverse recruitment and stock development patterns since the 1970s: the open-sea stocks steadily declined, whereas the Gulf stock increased rapidly in the early 1990s, reaching a peak abundance in the early 2000s and exceeding the level of the 1970s by a factor of 2–3. The increase was accompanied by a decline in the mean weight-at-age and the condition factor. The estimated decline (by 30–40%) in the average annual consumption rate per individual and changes observed in the zooplankton community suggest that density-dependent effects may have increased since the 1970s. The current period of high stock sizes is also characterized by greater recruitment variability. Historical fecundity investigations have established that the average egg production per individual has decreased in all age groups by 20–50%, along with a decrease in mean weight and condition. Yet, the effect on recruitment has been low so far, because lower fecundity has been compensated by the greater abundance and population fecundity has been maintained at the original level. Recruitment appears to be more influenced by environmental conditions than by spawning-stock biomass.
Sugammadex and Neostigmine Dose-finding Study for Reversal of Shallow Residual Neuromuscular Block
Authors: Schaller Stefan J. , Fink Heidrun , Ulm Kurt , Blobner Manfred 
Published: September 2010

Introduction
Sugammadex effectively and rapidly reverses deep to moderate rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. However, the required dose of sugammadex for smaller degrees of residual block is unknown. Therefore we investigated the efficacy of sugammadex and neostigmine at a train-of-four (TOF) ratio of 0.5.

Methods
After ethics committee (Munich, Germany) approval and written informed consent were obtained, 99 patients were anesthetized with propofol, remifentanil, and rocuronium. Neuromuscular monitoring was performed by calibrated electromyography. At recovery of the TOF ratio to 0.5, patients randomly received sugammadex (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg), neostigmine (5, 8, 15, 25, or 40 μg/kg), or saline. The time between study drug injection, at TOF ratio of 0.5, and postoperative TOF ratio of 0.9 was measured. The dose-response relationship was analyzed with a biexponential model using the dose as the independent variable and the logarithm of the recovery time as the dependent variable. Effective doses were interpolated from regression models.

Results
Sugammadex, 0.22 mg/kg, is able to reverse a TOF ratio of 0.5 to 0.9 or higher in an average time of 2 min. Within 5 min, 95% of patients reach this TOF ratio. Neostigmine, 34 μg/kg, is able to reverse a TOF ratio of 0.5 to 0.9 or higher within 5 min. No recurarization was observed.

Conclusions
Sugammadex, 0.22 mg/kg, and neostigmine, 34 μg/kg, effectively and comparably reverse a rocuronium-induced shallow residual neuromuscular block at a TOF ratio of 0.5.
Does Central Venous Oxygen Saturation-directed Fluid Therapy Affect Postoperative Morbidity after Colorectal Surgery?
Authors: Jammer Ib , Ulvik Atle , Erichsen Christian , Lødemel Olav , Østgaard Gro 
Published: September 2010

Background
The optimal amount and method for monitoring intravenous fluid in surgical patients is unresolved. Central venous oxygen saturation (Scvo2) has been used to guide therapy and predict outcome in high-risk and intensive-care patients. The aim of this prospective, randomized trial was to compare the rate of postoperative complications in patients receiving fluid therapy guided by Scvo2 and those treated with a traditional effluent fluid scheme.

Methods
Patients undergoing open colorectal and lower intestinal surgery (n = 241) were randomized to the Scvo2 group or the control group. The Scvo2 group received perioperatively crystalloid infusion 100 ml/h. When Scvo2 was less than 75%, a bolus of 3 ml/kg hydroxyethyl starch was given. The bolus was repeated if Scvo2 increased by 1 percentage point or more. The control group was maintained with crystalloid 800 ml/h and given extra fluid if there were clinical signs of hypovolemia. The participating surgeon, unaware of the group allocation, registered complications within day 30.

Results
Until 8:00 am on the first postoperative day, the Scvo2 group had received 3,869 ± 992 ml (mean ± SD) intravenous fluid compared with 6,491 ± 1,649 ml in the control group. Increase in weight was 0.8 ± 1.8 kg and 2.5 ± 1.6 kg in the two groups, respectively. The postoperative complication rate was 42% in both groups.

Conclusion
Clinical outcomes among patients receiving Scvo2-guided perioperative fluid therapy were similar to those for patients treated with a traditional fluid regimen. Limitations in study design prevent full interpretation of these findings, and further large trials of this treatment algorithm are still required.
Lower Isoflurane Concentration Affects Spatial Learning and Neurodegeneration in Adult Mice Compared with Higher Concentrations
Authors: Valentim Ana M. , Di Giminiani Pierpaolo , Ribeiro Patrícia O. , Rodrigues Paula , Olsson I. Anna S. , Antunes Luís M. 
Published: September 2010

Background
Volatile anesthetics such as isoflurane are widely used in clinical and research contexts. Concerns have been raised that the effects of these drugs on the central nervous system may result in long-term impairment after surgery or general anesthesia. Hence, this study aimed to detect how different isoflurane concentrations influence spatial learning and cell death in adult mice.

Methods
Fifty-two C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided in four groups. Mice in three groups were exposed to different concentrations of isoflurane (1, 1.5, and 2%) for 1 h; the control group was not exposed to anesthesia. Five mice per group were killed 3 h after anesthesia to perform histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses (hematoxylin-eosin staining; caspase-3 activation). Eight mice per group were used for behavioral tests (open field, T-maze spontaneous alternation, and water maze) on subsequent days.

Results
There were no differences between groups in the T-maze spontaneous alternation test or in the open field (no confounding effects of stress or locomotion). The group anesthetized with 1% isoflurane performed worse in the water maze task on day 1 (550.4 ±162.78 cm) compared with the control group (400.1 ± 112.88 cm), 1.5% isoflurane (351.9 ± 150.67 cm), and 2% isoflurane (364.5 ± 113.70 cm; P ≤ 0.05) and on day 3 (305.0 ± 81.75 cm) compared with control group (175.13 ± 77.00 cm) and 2% isoflurane (204.11 ± 85.75 cm; P ≤ 0.038). In the pyramidal cell layer of the region cornu ammonis 1 of the hippocampus, 1% isoflurane showed a tendency to cause more neurodegeneration (apoptosis) (61.4 ± 26.40, profiles/mm) than the group with 2% of isoflurane (20.6 ± 17.77, profiles/mm; P = 0.051).

Conclusion
Low isoflurane concentration (1%) caused spatial learning impairment and more neurodegeneration compared with higher isoflurane concentrations. Results for mice receiving the latter concentrations were similar to those of control mice.
Peripheral and Intestinal CD4+ T Cells With a Regulatory Phenotype in Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: La Scaleia Raffaella , Morrone Stefania , Stoppacciaro Antonella , Scarpino Stefania , Antonelli Manila , Bianchi Elettra , Di Nardo Giovanni , Oliva Salvatore , Viola Franca , Cucchiara Salvatore , Santoni Angela , Palmieri Gabriella , Uccini Stefania 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:Regulatory T cells (TR cells) play a crucial role in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. To examine the pathogenetic relevance of TR cells in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we evaluated their frequency in peripheral blood and inflamed and noninflamed mucosae of pediatric patients with IBD and age‐matched controls without IBD; we also characterized the immune profile of the inflammatory infiltrate in the different phases of the disease.Patients and Methods:Circulating TR cells were investigated on peripheral blood mononuclear cells by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis; mucosal TR cells and inflammatory cell populations were investigated by immunohistochemistry on bioptic specimens. FOXP3 messenger RNA expression levels were confirmed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results:FOXP3+ TR cells were significantly increased in the intestinal lesions of patients with active IBD, and returned to normal levels in posttherapy remission phase. At variance, circulating TR cell frequency was elevated in patients with IBD independently of disease activity, as it persisted in the remission phase. A selective imbalance in the frequency of CD4+ T and natural killer cell subsets characterized the abundant inflammatory infiltrate of active intestinal lesions, and also persisted, at a lower level, in noninflamed mucosae of patients in the remission phase.Conclusions:TR cell frequency is differently regulated in mucosal tissues and at the systemic level during the distinct phases of pediatric IBD. The inactive stage of pediatric IBD is characterized by an incomplete normalization of the immune profile, independently of the clinical efficacy of the therapy. The pediatric, early‐onset condition may represent a privileged observatory to dissect the immune‐mediated pathogenetic mechanisms at the basis of the disease.
Value of Ultrasound‐guided Percutaneous Liver Biopsy in Children Following Liver Transplantation
Authors: Sornsakrin Marijke , Helmke Knut , Briem‐Richter Andrea , Ganschow Rainer 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:Pediatric liver transplant recipients often need to undergo liver biopsies for the detection and specification of complications such as acute or chronic graft rejection, infection, or drug toxicity. Complications resulting from liver biopsy are rare. The aim of our single‐center retrospective study was to report on liver biopsy–related complications and, moreover, to assess the significance of histological findings in correlation with the suspected diagnosis.Patients and Methods:Overall, 120 liver biopsies from 67 children were performed and analyzed. All of the biopsies were performed with ultrasound guidance using midazolam and ketamine.Results:The overall incidence of complications was 5.0%, but most of these complications were mild. In 2 cases, however, the complications were severe and required surgical intervention in addition to further medical treatment.In about 92% of the cases, liver histology confirmed the previously suspected diagnosis based on clinical and clinical laboratory indications.Conclusions:We concluded that postliver transplantation liver biopsy in children seldom provides unexpected results and, even using ultrasound guidance, has led, albeit rarely, to serious complications. We therefore now accept potential delay in treatment and reserve liver biopsy for patients who fail to respond to therapy based on clinical judgment.
Comparative Analysis of the Properties of Bifidobacterial Isolates From Fecal Samples of Mother–Infant Pairs
Authors: Takahashi Hidenori , Mikami Katsunaka , Nishino Ryou , Matsuoka Takashi , Kimura Moto , Koga Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of Bifidobacterium breve transfer from the mother to her infant during the perinatal period.Materials and Methods:Hundred isolates of B breve and 80 isolates of Bifidobacterium longum were collected from paired fecal samples of mothers and their infants. Bacterial DNA from the samples was comparatively analyzed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA. The growth of the bacteria was examined in vitro.Results:The analysis of diversity in B breve population showed that infant‐derived isolates had significantly less diversity than mother‐derived isolates. The analysis of the similarity between these samples revealed that the number of shared type isolates tended to be higher in infants than in their mothers. In the isolates of B longum, however, no such difference was found in the diversity between mother‐ and infant‐derived isolates. Examination of the growth of B breve strains revealed that the shared type strains have a significantly higher growth than nonshared strains both in the presence of galactooligosaccharides and at a higher redox potential.Conclusions:These results suggested that subpopulations of B breve strains in the mothers may be transferred to their infants. Such populations may become dominant in the gut of infants at an early time after birth, during which time the transmission of the bifidobacteria of environmental origin is not yet established. B breve strain possessing a higher growth advantage in these conditions may be advantageous for colonization in the infant gut.
Personal, family and social functioning among older couples concordant and discordant for high‐risk alcohol consumption
Authors: Moos Rudolf H. , Schutte Kathleen K. , Brennan Penny L. , Moos Bernice S. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAims  This study compares the personal, family and social functioning of older husbands and wives concordant or discordant for high‐risk alcohol consumption and identifies predictors of changes in concordance and high‐risk consumption.Design, Participants, Measurements  Three groups of couples were identified at baseline and followed 10 years later: (i) concordant couples in which husbands and wives engaged in low‐risk alcohol consumption (n = 54); (ii) concordant couples in which husbands and wives engaged in high‐risk alcohol consumption (n = 38); and (iii) discordant couples in which one partner engaged in high‐risk alcohol consumption and the other partner did not (n = 75). At each follow‐up, husbands and wives completed an inventory that assessed their personal, family and social functioning.Findings  Compared to the low‐risk concordant group, husbands and wives in the high‐risk concordant group were more likely to rely on tension‐reduction coping, reported more friend approval of drinking, and were less involved in religious activities; however, they did not differ in the quality of the spousal relationship. The frequency of alcohol consumption declined among husbands in discordant couples, but not among husbands in concordant couples. Predictors of high‐risk drinking included tension‐reduction coping, friend approval of drinking and, for husbands, their wives' level of drinking.Conclusions  High‐risk and discordant alcohol consumption do not seem to be linked to decrements in family functioning among older couples in long‐term stable marriages. The predictors of heavy alcohol consumption among older husbands and wives identify points of intervention that may help to reduce their high‐risk drinking.
White international transracial adoptive mothers' reflections on race
Authors: Crolley‐Simic Josie , Vonk M. Elizabeth 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThrough the use of qualitative data analysis of in‐depth interviews with eight white international transracial adoptive mothers, four properties emerged that describe these mothers' racial views. These properties varied in the degree that they integrated perspectives different from the white dominant culture. The mothers did not experience significant changes in their perspective on race subsequent to adoption. This paper includes a discussion of white racial identity and implications for social work practice with transracially adoptive parents.
Dynamics of long‐lived foundation species: the history ofQuercusin southern Scandinavia
Authors: Lindbladh Matts , Foster David R. 
Published: September 2010

Summary1. The long‐term history ofQuercusin southern Scandinavia has received little attention despite its important role in modern conservation. In this study the 4000‐year dynamics ofQuercus, its habitat and other important taxa were analysed with pollen data from 25 small hollows and 6 regional sites across southern Scandinavia. The aim was to provide a context for understanding the species’ current status and managing its future dynamics.2. The results indicate thatQuercusis much less abundant today than at any time during the previous 4000 years and corroborate the rapid decline reported in 18th‐ and 19th‐century historical records. Modern pollen percentages are 45–60% of 17th‐century values and only 20–35% of the maximum values reached in the 3rd century.3. A strong positive correlation exists between the abundance ofQuercusand the abundance ofTilia, CorylusandAlnus, which also experienced a steady decline across the region in the last two millennia. Climate change is the broad‐scale driver of the observed dynamics, but human activity introduced considerable variation in the regional and temporal details of these changes. In the hemiboreal northern part of the study area the decline ofQuercusappears to be controlled largely by competition with other tree species (especiallyPinusandPicea), mediated by harvesting. In the temperate south partQuercusforests decreased through deforestation for agriculture.4. Multivariate analyses indicate that although substantial phytogeographical variation has existed through past millennia the regional vegetation is more homogeneous today than in earlier periods.5. Synthesis. The long‐term decline and recent rapid reductions inQuercuspopulations throughout southern Scandinavia are striking and indisputable. From the perspective of both the populations ofQuercusand its associated species of insects and epiphytes, the recent rate of decline is extremely rapid. Given the former abundance, longevity and capacity for persistence ofQuercus, current populations ofQuercusand its associated species appear to represent biological legacies in the midst of protracted decline. Based on these results, a reasonable conservation goal is to restore the abundance and distribution ofQuercusto levels that preceded the drastic decline in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Adaptation of redband trout in desert and montane environments
Authors: NARUM SHAWN R. , CAMPBELL NATHAN R. , KOZFKAY CHRISTINE C. , MEYER KEVIN A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNatural populations that evolve under extreme climates are likely to diverge because of selection in local environments. To explore whether local adaptation has occurred in redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) occupying differing climate regimes, we used a limited genome scan approach to test for candidate markers under selection in populations occurring in desert and montane streams. An environmental approach to identifying outlier loci, spatial analysis method and linear regression of minor allele frequency with environmental variables revealed six candidate markers (P < 0.01). Putatively neutral markers identified high genetic differentiation among desert populations relative to montane sites, likely due to intermittent flows in desert streams. Additionally, populations exhibited a highly significant pattern of isolation by temperature (P < 0.0001) and those adapted to the same environment had similar allele frequencies across candidate markers, indicating selection for differing climates. These results imply that many genes are involved in the adaptation of redband trout to differing environments, and selection acts to reinforce localization. The potential to predict genetic adaptability of individuals and populations to changing environmental conditions may have profound implications for species that face extensive anthropogenic disturbances.
Extremely low genetic variability and highly structured local populations of Arabidopsis thaliana at higher latitudes
Authors: LEWANDOWSKA‐SABAT A. M. , FJELLHEIM S. , ROGNLI O. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe genetic diversity and population structure of Arabidopsis thaliana populations from Norway were studied and compared to a worldwide sample of A. thaliana to investigate the demographic history and elucidate possible colonization routes of populations at the northernmost species limit. We genotyped 282 individuals from 31 local populations using 149 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. A high level of population subdivision (FST = 0.85 ± 0.007) was found indicating that A. thaliana is highly structured at the regional level. Significant relationships between genetic and geographical distances were found, suggesting an isolation by distance mode of evolution. Genetic diversity was much lower, and the level of linkage disequilibrium was higher in populations from the north (65–68°N) compared to populations from the south (59–62°N); this is consistent with a northward expansion pattern. A neighbour‐joining tree showed that populations from northern Norway form a separate cluster, while the remaining populations are distributed over a few minor clusters. Minimal gene flow seems to have occurred between populations in different regions, especially between the geographically distant northern and southern populations. Our data suggest that northern populations represent a homogenous group that may have been established from a few founders during northward expansions, while populations in the central part of Norway constitute an admixed group established by founders of different origins, most probably as a result of human‐mediated gene flow. Moreover, Norwegian populations appeared to be homogenous and isolated compared to a worldwide sample of A. thaliana, but they are still grouped with Swedish populations, which may indicate common colonization histories.
Suppressive effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on human umbilical cord blood immune cells
Authors: Qian Jihong , Zhu Jianxing , Wang Meihong , Wu Shengmei , Chen Tongxin 
Published: September 2010

To cite this article: Qian J, Zhu J, Wang M, Wu S, Chen T. Suppressive effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on human umbilical cord blood immune cells. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 211–220.AbstractWe investigated in vitro immunomodulatory effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMNC), macrophages, dendritic cells and CD3+ T cells were isolated from umbilical venous blood. Cell proliferation used 3H‐TdR incorporation, culture supernatants were assayed for cytokines using ELISA, and surface marker expressions were determined by flow cytometry. IVIG suppressed CBMNCs and CD3+T‐cells proliferation, secretions of IL‐10, INF‐γ and TGF‐β1, but not IL‐4, and PHA‐induced expressions of surface molecules (CD25, CD45RA and CD45RO), with more pronounced effects for CBMNCs. IVIG decreased cord blood (CB) macrophage phagocytosis and CD14, HLA‐DR and CD86 expressions. IVIG increased CD14 expression and decreased MCH II expression for differentiation‐stage CB dendritic cells (DCs) and increased CD14 expression and decreased CD80 and CD83 expressions of mature DCs, suggesting that IVIG intervention inhibited DC differentiation and maturation. In addition to T cells, IVIG immunomodulatory effects on CBMNCs involve a variety of cells and molecules. CB macrophages and CBMNC‐DCs are targets of IVIG.