bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A balanced outflow boundary condition for swirling flows
Authors: Douglas Christopher M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn open flow simulations, the dispersion characteristics of disturbances near synthetic boundaries can lead to unphysical boundary scattering interactions that contaminate the resolved flow upstream by propagating numerical artifacts back into the domain interior. This issue is exacerbated in flows influenced by real or apparent body forces, which can significantly disrupt the normal stress balance along outflow boundaries and generate spurious pressure disturbances. To address this problem, this paper develops a zero-parameter, physics-based outflow boundary condition (BC) designed to minimize pressure scattering from body forces and pseudo-forces and enhance transparency of the artificial boundary. This “balanced outflow BC” is then compared against other common BCs from the literature using example axisymmetric and three-dimensional open swirling flow computations. Due to centrifugal and Coriolis forces, swirling flows are known to be particularly challenging to simulate in open geometries, as these apparent forces induce non-trivial hydrostatic stress distributions along artificial boundaries that cause scattering issues. In this context, the balanced outflow BC is shown to correspond to a geostrophic hydrostatic stress correction that balances the induced pressure gradients. Unlike the alternatives, the balanced outflow BC yields accurate results in truncated domains for both linear and nonlinear computations without requiring assumptions about wave characteristics along the boundary.
Uncertainties associated with integral-based solutions to geodetic boundary-value problems
Authors: Novák Pavel , Eshagh Mehdi , Pitoňák Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhysical geodesy applies potential theory to study the Earth’s gravitational field in space outside and up to a few km inside the Earth’s mass. Among various tools offered by this theory, boundary-value problems are particularly popular for the transformation or continuation of gravitational field parameters across space. Traditional problems, formulated and solved as early as in the nineteenth century, have been gradually supplemented with new problems, as new observational methods and data are available. In most cases, the emphasis is on formulating a functional relationship involving two functions in 3-D space; the values of one function are searched but unobservable; the values of the other function are observable but with errors. Such mathematical models (observation equations) are referred to as deterministic. Since observed data burdened with observational errors are used for their solutions, the relevant stochastic models must be formulated to provide uncertainties of the estimated parameters against which their quality can be evaluated. This article discusses the boundary-value problems of potential theory formulated for gravitational data currently or in the foreseeable future used by physical geodesy. Their solutions in the form of integral formulas and integral equations are reviewed, practical estimators applicable to numerical solutions of the deterministic models are formulated, and their related stochastic models are introduced. Deterministic and stochastic models represent a complete solution to problems in physical geodesy providing estimates of unknown parameters and their error variances (mean squared errors). On the other hand, analyses of error covariances can reveal problems related to the observed data and/or the design of the mathematical models. Numerical experiments demonstrate the applicability of stochastic models in practice.
Prospects of GENESIS and Galileo joint orbit and clock determination
Authors: Kur Tomasz , Sośnica Krzysztof , Kalarus Maciej 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe European Space Agency (ESA) is preparing a satellite mission called GENESIS to be launched in 2027 as part of the FutureNAV program. GENESIS co-locates, for the first time, all four space geodetic techniques on one satellite platform. The main objectives of the mission are the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frames and the mitigation of biases in geodetic measurements; however, GENESIS will remarkably contribute to the determination of the geodetic parameters. The precise GENESIS orbits will be determined through satellite-to-satellite tracking, employing two GNSS antennas to observe GPS and Galileo satellites in both nadir and zenith directions. In this research, we show results from simulations of GENESIS and Galileo-like constellations with joint orbit and clock determination. We assess the orbit quality of GENESIS based on nadir-only, zenith-only, and combined nadir–zenith GNSS observations. The results prove that GENESIS and Galileo joint orbit and clock determination substantially improves Galileo orbits, satellite clocks, and even ground-based clocks of GNSS receivers tracking Galileo satellites. Although zenith and nadir GNSS antennas favor different orbital planes in terms of the number of collected observations, the mean results for each Galileo orbital plane are improved to a similar extent. The 3D orbit error of Galileo is improved from 27 mm (Galileo-only), 23 mm (Galileo + zenith), 16 mm (Galileo + nadir), to 14 mm (Galileo + zenith + nadir GENESIS observations), i.e., almost by a factor of two in the joint GENESIS + Galileo orbit and clock solutions.
Metabolism of alcohol ethoxylates (AEs) in rat, hamster, and human hepatocytes and liver S9: a pilot study for metabolic stability, metabolic pathway, and metabolites identification in vitro and in silico
Authors: Shi Quan , Moors Stefan , Dawick James , Kavanagh Lauren , Neely Theresa , Tian Yuan , Dreeßen Birte , Carrillo Juan-Carlos , Hein Holger , Boogaard Peter J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlcohol ethoxylates (AEs) are a well-known class of non-ionic surfactants widely used by the personal care market. The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize the in vitro metabolism of AEs and identify metabolites. Five selected individual homologue AEs (C8EO4, C10EO5, C12EO4, C16EO8, and C18EO3) were incubated using human, rat, and hamster liver S9 fraction and cryopreserved hepatocytes. LC–MS was used to identify metabolites following the incubation of AEs by liver S9 and hepatocytes of all three species. All AEs were metabolized in these systems with a half-life ranging from 2 to 139 min. In general, incubation of AE with human liver S9 showed a shorter half-life compared to rat liver S9. While rat hepatocytes metabolized AEs faster than human hepatocytes. Both hydrophobic alkyl chain and hydrophilic EO head group groups of AEs were found to be target sites of metabolism. Metabolites were identified that show primary hydroxylation and dehydrogenation, followed by O-dealkylation (shortening of EO head groups) and glucuronidation. Additionally, the detection of whole EO groups indicates the cleavage of the ether bond between the alkyl chain and the EO groups as a minor metabolic pathway in the current testing system. Furthermore, no difference in metabolic patterns of each individual homologue AE investigated was observed, regardless of alkyl chain length or the number of EO groups. Moreover, there is an excellent agreement between the in vitro experimental data and the metabolite profile simulations using in silico approaches (OECD QSAR Toolbox). Altogether, these data indicate fast metabolism of all AEs with a qualitatively similar metabolic pathway with some quantitative differences observed in the metabolite profiles. These metabolic studies using different species can provide important reference values for further safety evaluation.
Costs are a major driver of antibacterial drug prescriptions in Germany: market analysis from 1985 to 2022
Authors: Bindel Lilly Josephine , Seifert Roland 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, several threatening developments regarding antibacterial drugs, such as rising bacterial resistance and delivery bottlenecks, have occurred. Since antibacterial drugs are crucial for modern medicine, understanding events and influencing factors relevant for long-term developments is essential. Therefore, we analyzed the number of prescriptions and costs, defined daily dose (DDD) and DDD costs of antibacterial drugs in Germany, based on the Arzneiverordnungsreport (AVR, Drug description report) between 1985 and 2022. Based on prescription rates in 2022, we selected the TOP15 and TOP5. For a more in-depth analysis, we analyzed data from the wissenschaftliches Institut der AOK (WidO, scientific institute of the AOK). The number of prescriptions increased between 1985 and 2013, but since 2014, there has been a declining trend with a noticeable COVID-related dip. Over the years, a shift in drug classes occurred. Once very popular drugs like penicillins and tetracyclines are no longer as important. Conversely, aminopenicillins and cephalosporins have become more relevant. Particularly, the TOP5 drugs have seen an increasing proportion. DDD costs have decreased in most substance classes over time. There is a strong association between decreasing costs and rising prescriptions. Falling costs have a stronger immediate impact on prescriptions that rising costs. When costs are very low, drugs might be prescribed excessively. Supply bottlenecks can also result. The main prescribers are mainly in primary care. Their share of prescription has changed little over the years, but is decreasing regarding total consumption. In comparison to other European countries, Germany ranks in the lower third regarding prescriptions. In most countries, the COVID pandemic has led to a reduced prescription of antibacterial drugs. In conclusion, we provided a comprehensive overview of the antibacterial drug market in Germany over the past four decades and identified costs as a major driver of antibacterial drug prescriptions. Increased costs may reduce uncritical prescription of antibacterial drugs, development of bacterial resistance, supply shortages and occurrence of adverse effects.
The excitability of ipsilateral motor evoked potentials is not task-specific and spatially distinct from the contralateral motor hotspot
Authors: Seusing Nelly , Strauss Sebastian , Fleischmann Robert , Nafz Christina , Groppa Sergiu , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Ding Hao , Byblow Winston D. , Lotze Martin , Grothe Matthias 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
The role of ipsilateral descending motor pathways in voluntary movement of humans is still a matter of debate, with partly contradictory results. The aim of our study therefore was to examine the excitability of ipsilateral motor evoked potentials (iMEPs) regarding site and the specificity for unilateral and bilateral elbow flexion extension tasks.

Methods
MR-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping of the dominant hemisphere was performed in twenty healthy participants during tonic unilateral (iBB), bilateral homologous (bBB) or bilateral antagonistic elbow flexion-extension (iBB-cAE), the map center of gravity (CoG) and iMEP area from BB were obtained.

Results
The map CoG of the ipsilateral BB was located more anterior-laterally than the hotspot of the contralateral BB within the primary motor cortex, with a significant difference in CoG in iBB and iBB-cAE, but not bBB compared to the hotspot for the contralateral BB (each p < 0.05). However, different tasks had no effect on the size of the iMEPs.

Conclusion
Our data demonstrated that excitability of ipsilateral and contralateral MEP differ spatially in a task-specific manner suggesting the involvement of different motor networks within the motor cortex.
A lipase from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 with thermostability and pH resistance for use as a detergent additive
Authors: Kang Mi Dan , Choi Go Eun , Jang Jeong Hwa , Hong Sung-Chul , Park Hee-Soo , Kim Dong Hyun , Kim Won Chan , Murphy Natasha P. , Jung Young Hoon 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Lipases are important biocatalysts and ubiquitous in plants, animals, and microorganisms. The high growth rates of microorganisms with low production costs have enabled the wide application of microbial lipases in detergent, food, and cosmetic industries. Herein, a novel lipase from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (Lac-Rh) was isolated and its activity analyzed under a range of reaction conditions to evaluate its potential industrial application. The isolated Lac-Rh showed a molecular weight of 24 kDa and a maximum activity of 3438.5 ± 1.8 U/mg protein at 60 °C and pH 8. Additionally, Lac-Rh retained activity in alkaline conditions and in 10% v/v concentrations of organic solvents, including glycerol and acetone. Interestingly, after pre-incubation in the presence of multiple commercial detergents, Lac-Rh maintained over 80% of its activity and the stains from cotton were successfully removed under a simulated laundry setting. Overall, the purified lipase from L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 has potential for use as a detergent in industrial applications.

Key points
• A novel lipase (Lac-Rh) was isolated from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201
• Purified Lac-Rh exhibited its highest activity at a temperature of 60 °C and a pH of 8, respectively
• Lac-Rh remains stable in commercial laundry detergent and enhances washing performance
Silencing of the DNA damage repair regulator PPP1R15A sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia cells to chemotherapy
Authors: Bouchla Anthi , Sotiropoulou Christina D. , Esteb Christopher , Loupis Theodoros , Papageorgiou Sotirios G. , Deliconstantinos Georgia G. , Pagoni Maria , Hatzimichael Eleftheria , Dellatola Maria , Kalomoiri Smaragdi , Apostolidou Elisavet , Kontos Christos K. , Thomopoulos Thomas P. , Karantanos Theodoros , Pappa Vasiliki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAcute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a life-threatening disease whose induction treatment consists of combination chemotherapy with Idarubicin and Cytarabine for fit patients. Treatment failures are frequent, urging the need for novel treatments for this disease. The DNA Damage Response Mechanism (DDR) comprises numerous molecules and pathways intended to arrest the cell cycle until DNA damage is repaired or else drive the cell to apoptosis. AML-derived cell lines after treatment with Idarubicin and Cytarabine were used for studying the expression profile of 84 DDR genes, through PCR arrays. Utilizing de novo AML patient and control samples we studied the expression of PPP1R15A, CDKN1A, GADD45A, GADD45G, and EXO1. Next, we performed PPP1R15A silencing in AML cell lines in two separate experiments using siRNA and CRISPR-cas9, respectively. Our findings highlight that DDR regulators demonstrate increased expression in patients with high cytogenetic risk possibly reflecting increased genotoxic stress. Especially, PPP1R15A is mainly involved in the recovery of the cells from stress and it was the only DDR gene upregulated in AML patients. The PPP1R15A silencing resulted in decreased viability of Idarubicin and Cytarabine-treated cell lines, in contrast to untreated cells. These findings shed light on new strategies to enhance chemotherapy efficacy and demonstrate that PPP1R15A is an important DDR regulator in AML and its downregulation might be a safe and effective way to increase sensitivity to chemotherapy in this disease.
Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie mit Herzratenvariabilitäts-Biofeedback bei chronischen Schmerzen
Authors: Wünsche Sarah , Krempel Laura , Martin Alexandra 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bei chronischen Schmerzen zählt die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) zu den empfohlenen Behandlungsansätzen, wobei die Effekte im Durchschnitt klein sind. Die KVT adressiert jedoch hauptsächlich psychobehaviorale und kaum physiologische Prozesse. Eine Möglichkeit zur Erweiterung der KVT könnte das Herzratenvariabilitäts-Biofeedback (HRV-BF) darstellen. Frühere Studien stellten eine reduzierte HRV bei chronischen Schmerzen und ihre Verbesserung nach HRV-BF fest. Demnach erscheint gerade die Kombination beider Therapien aussichtsreich.

Ziel der Arbeit
In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll die Entwicklung eines Kombinationsmanuals aus KVT und HRV-BF beschrieben werden. Eine Überprüfung der Machbarkeit erfolgt im Rahmen einer aktuell stattfindenden randomisierten kontrollierten Pilotstudie.

Materialien und Methode
Die Methode basiert auf einer Integration ausgewählter Techniken der KVT mit HRV-BF-Elementen, die auf ihre Synergieeffekte und die Machbarkeit hin überprüft werden. Die Pilotstudie soll an 20 Patient*innen mit chronischen muskuloskelettalen Schmerzen (gemäß der 11. Version der Internationalen statistischen Klassifikation der Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme [ICD-11]) bei Vorliegen einer somatischen Belastungsstörung (gemäß der 5. Auflage des Diagnostischen und Statistischen Manuals Psychischer Störungen [DSM-5]) durchgeführt werden.

Ergebnis
Die entwickelte Kurzzeittherapie besteht aus 12 Sitzungen. Therapieziele sind z. B. der Aufbau adaptiver Verhaltensweisen, die Umstrukturierung maladaptiver Kognitionen sowie Verbesserungen der Emotionsregulation und der HRV-Selbstregulation.

Diskussion
Durch die integrierte Kurzzeittherapie können über psychobehaviorale Prozesse hinaus auch potenziell relevante psychophysiologische Prozesse adressiert werden. Obwohl es bereits Erkenntnisse zur Wirksamkeit sowohl der KVT als auch von HRV-BF gibt, steht die Bewertung des Nutzens ihrer gemeinsamen Anwendung noch aus.
Improving thermal stability of starches native cross-linked with citric acid as a compatibilizer for thermoplastic starch/polylactic acid blends
Authors: Martínez-Villadiego Keydis , Arias-Tapia Mary Judith , Jaramillo Andrés F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to enhance compatibility and thermal stability between thermoplastic starch (TPS) and polylactic acid (PLA) by incorporating citric acid-grafted starch (CA–Starch) at different concentrations (1 and 5%) with varying degrees of substitution for starch derived from sweet potatoes and yams (DY). Blends were produced using a constant TPS/PLA weight ratio of 60:40, both with and without a compatibilizer. The blending process was carried out using a torque rheometer under two distinct conditions. The results exhibited reduced particle sizes in TPS60/PLA40/CA–Starch blends, as evidenced by SEM images displaying improved interaction and smoother surfaces. Significantly, one of the properties that experienced substantial improvement was the compatibility between TPS and PLA, as indicated by reduced phase segregation within the blends. This improvement manifested in enhanced surface morphology, smaller particle sizes, and greater homogeneity in the blends. Additionally, an enhancement in thermal properties, particularly thermal stability, was observed with higher CA content. This study underscores that the incorporation of CA–Starch not only enhances compatibility but also improves thermal stability in TPS60/PLA40 blends, offering potential for the development of biocompatible materials with superior performance.
Graphical abstract
Synthesis, photopolymerization and evaluation of electrical properties of epoxidized castor oil-based acrylates
Authors: Çayli Gökhan , Cekli Serap , Uzunoğlu Cengiz Polat 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, synthesis, characterization and photopolymerization of new type of castor oil-based monomer family are studied. Electrical properties of the synthesized polymers are also evaluated. The synthesis of these materials consists of two steps. Acrylation of the castor oil and methyl ricinoleate occur in the first step and epoxidation is then followed. Epoxidized acrylated castor oil (EACO) and epoxidized acrylated methyl ricinoleate (EAMR) are synthesized at the end of the reactions. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) and 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy techniques are used to characterize of the starting materials and monomers. When acrylate groups are introduced to castor oil and methyl ricinoleate, a characteristic peak at 1722 cm−1 is observed in FTIR spectrum and peaks of acrylate hydrogens at 5.7, 6.0 and 6.3 are observed in 1H NMR spectrum. After epoxidation, a small peak is detected at 840 cm−1 in FTIR spectrum and new peaks appear at 2.5 and 3.0 ppm in 1H NMR spectrum. Photopolymerization of the synthesized materials are performed with DMPA (2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone) and AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) catalyst. It is found that DMPA catalyst is more effective than AIBN. EACO samples’ DC (direct current) resistance and conductance values are measured as 146.4 MΩm and 6.83 nS/m, respectively, whereas EAMR samples’ DC resistance and conductance values are calculated as 96 MΩm and 10.42 nS/m, respectively. AC (alternative current) analysis is conducted by using LCR meter for the polymeric samples where EACO samples’ capacitances varies from 4.88 to 3.29 pF (picofarads) with respect to frequency (10 Hz–300 kHZ). On the other hand, EAMR samples’ capacitances varies from 14.7 to 6.49 pF with respect to frequency. Impedance values of the EACO samples with respect to frequency are measured as 4.24 GΩ and 165 kΩ, respectively. Impedance values of the EAMR samples with respect to frequency are measured as 1.19 GΩ and 82 kΩ, respectively.
Role of cardiac magnetic resonance in stratifying arrhythmogenic risk in mitral valve prolapse patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gatti Marco , Santonocito Ambra , Papa Francesco Pio , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , De Filippo Ovidio , Gallone Guglielmo , Palmisano Anna , Pistelli Lorenzo , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Esposito Antonio , Giustetto Carla , Fonio Paolo , Faletti Riccardo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the diagnostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) features for arrhythmic risk stratification in mitral valve prolapse (MVP) patients.

Materials and methods
EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, and CENTRAL were searched for studies reporting MVP patients who underwent CMR with assessment of: left ventricular (LV) size and function, mitral regurgitation (MR), prolapse distance, mitral annular disjunction (MAD), curling, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and T1 mapping, and reported the association with arrhythmia. The primary endpoint was complex ventricular arrhythmias (co-VAs) as defined by any non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or aborted sudden cardiac death. Meta-analysis was performed when at least three studies investigated a CMR feature. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023374185.

Results
The meta-analysis included 11 studies with 1278 patients. MR severity, leaflet length/thickness, curling, MAD distance, and mapping techniques were not meta-analyzed as reported in < 3 studies. LV end-diastolic volume index, LV ejection fraction, and prolapse distance showed small non-significant effect sizes. LGE showed a strong and significant association with co-VA with a LogORs of 2.12 (95% confidence interval (CI): [1.00, 3.23]), for MAD the log odds-ratio was 0.95 (95% CI: [0.30, 1.60]). The predictive accuracy of LGE was substantial, with a hierarchical summary ROC AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: [0.69, 0.91]) and sensitivity and specificity rates of 0.70 (95% CI: [0.41, 0.89]) and 0.80 (95% CI: [0.67, 0.89]), respectively.

Conclusions
Our study highlights the role of LGE as the key CMR feature for arrhythmia risk stratification in MVP patients. MAD might complement arrhythmic risk stratification.

Clinical relevance statement
LGE is a key factor for arrhythmogenic risk in MVP patients, with additional contribution from MAD. Combining MRI findings with clinical characteristics is critical for evaluating and accurately stratifying arrhythmogenic risk in MVP patients.

Key Points

MVP affects 2–3% of the population, with some facing increased risk for arrhythmia.

LGE can assess arrhythmia risk, and MAD may further stratify patients.

CMR is critical for MVP arrhythmia risk stratification, making it essential in a comprehensive evaluation.