bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TAC3/TACR3 Mutations Reveal Preferential Activation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Release by Neurokinin B in Neonatal Life Followed by Reversal in Adulthood
Authors: Gianetti Elena , Tusset Cintia , Noel Sekoni D. , Au Margaret G. , Dwyer Andrew A. , Hughes Virginia A. , Abreu Ana Paula , Carroll Jessica , Trarbach Ericka , Silveira Leticia F. G. , Costa Elaine M. F. , de Mendonça Berenice Bilharinho , de Castro Margaret , Lofrano Adriana , Hall Janet E. , Bolu Erol , Ozata Metin , Quinton Richard , Amory John K. , Stewart Susan E. , Arlt Wiebke , Cole Trevor R. , Crowley William F. , Kaiser Ursula B. , Latronico Ana Claudia , Seminara Stephanie B. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Context: Mutations in TAC3 and TACR3 (encoding neurokinin B and its receptor) have been identified in Turkish patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), but broader populations have not yet been tested and genotype-phenotype correlations have not been established.
Objective: A broad cohort of normosmic IHH probands was screened for mutations in TAC3/TACR3 to evaluate the prevalence of such mutations and define the genotype/phenotype relationships.
Design and Setting: The study consisted of sequencing of TAC3/TACR3, in vitro functional assays, and neuroendocrine phenotyping conducted in tertiary care centers worldwide.
Patients or Other Participants: 345 probands, 18 family members, and 292 controls were studied.
Intervention: Reproductive phenotypes throughout reproductive life and before and after therapy were examined.
Main Outcome Measure: Rare sequence variants in TAC3/TACR3 were detected.
Results: In TACR3, 19 probands harbored 13 distinct coding sequence rare nucleotide variants [three nonsense mutations, six nonsynonymous, four synonymous (one predicted to affect splicing)]. In TAC3, one homozygous single base pair deletion was identified, resulting in complete loss of the neurokinin B decapeptide. Phenotypic information was available on 16 males and seven females with coding sequence variants in TACR3/TAC3. Of the 16 males, 15 had microphallus; none of the females had spontaneous thelarche. Seven of the 16 males and five of the seven females were assessed after discontinuation of therapy; six of the seven males and four of the five females demonstrated evidence for reversibility of their hypogonadotropism.
Conclusions: Mutations in the neurokinin B pathway are relatively common as causes of hypogonadism. Although the neurokinin B pathway appears essential during early sexual development, its importance in sustaining the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis appears attenuated over time.
Reality Check: Combining Choice Experiments with Market Data to Estimate the Importance of Product Attributes
Authors: Feit Eleanor McDonnell , Beltramo Mark A. , Feinberg Fred M. 
Published: March 2010

Discrete choice models estimated using hypothetical choices made in a survey setting (i.e., choice experiments) are widely used to estimate the importance of product attributes in order to make product design and marketing mix decisions. Choice experiments allow the researcher to estimate preferences for product features that do not yet exist in the market. However, parameters estimated from experimental data often show marked inconsistencies with those inferred from the market, reducing their usefulness in forecasting and decision making. We propose an approach for combining choice-based conjoint data with individual-level purchase data to produce estimates that are more consistent with the market. Unlike prior approaches for calibrating conjoint models so that they correctly predict aggregate market shares for a “baseline” market, the proposed approach is designed to produce parameters that are more consistent with those that can be inferred from individual-level market data.The proposed method relies on a new general framework for combining two or more sources of individual-level choice data to estimate a hierarchical discrete choice model. Past approaches to combining choice data assume that the population mean for the parameters is the same across both data sets and require that data sets are sampled from the same population. In contrast, we incorporate in the model individual characteristic variables, and assert only that the mapping between individuals' characteristics and their preferences is the same across the data sets. This allows the model to be applied even if the sample of individuals observed in each data set is not representative of the population as a whole, so long as appropriate product-use variables are collected that can explain the systematic deviations between them. The framework also explicitly incorporates a model for the individual characteristics, which allows us to use Bayesian missing-data techniques to handle the situation where each data set contains different demographic variables. This makes the method useful in practice for a wide range of existing market and conjoint data sets. We apply the method to a set of conjoint and market data for minivan choice and find that the proposed method predicts holdout market choices better than a model estimated from conjoint data alone or a model that does not include demographic variables.
Securitization and Real Investment in Incomplete Markets
Authors: Gaur Vishal , Seshadri Sridhar , Subrahmanyam Marti G. 
Published: March 2010

We study the impact of financial innovations on real investment decisions within the framework of an incomplete market economy comprised of firms, investors, and an intermediary. The firms face unique investment opportunities that arise in their business operations and can be undertaken at given reservation prices. The cash flows thus generated are not spanned by the securities traded in the financial market and cannot be valued uniquely. The intermediary purchases claims against these cash flows, pools them together, and sells tranches of primary or secondary securities to the investors. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions under which projects are undertaken due to the intermediary's actions, and firms are amenable to the pool proposed by the intermediary, compared to the no-investment option or the option of forming alternative pools. We also determine the structure of the new securities created by the intermediary and identify how it exploits the arbitrage opportunities available in the market. Our results have implications for valuation of real investments, synergies among them, and their financing mechanisms. We illustrate these implications using an example of inventory decisions under random demand. This paper was accepted by John Birge, focused issue editor.
Heterogeneous Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus: A Review of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Clinical Significance
Authors: Rong Star L , Leonard Steven N 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of heterogeneously glycopeptide intermediate Staphylococcus aureus, its epidemiology, methods of diagnosis, and clinical relevance. DATA SOURCES: Literature was retrieved in December 2009 through Academic Search Premier, Alt-Health Watch, MEDLINE, OVID, and PubMed, using the search terms heterogeneous glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus, hGISA, hVISA, vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus, GISA, and VISA (from 2003 to December 2009). Additional references were obtained through review of publication citations. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All articles retrieved through the literature search and reference review were evaluated for inclusion in this review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Heterogeneously glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus (hGISA) has been shown to significantly complicate treatment for patients with bacteremia and often escapes detection in clinical laboratories. Population analysis profile area under the curve ratio (PAP-AUC) is considered to be the gold standard of hGISA detection; however, it is labor-intensive, expensive, and not feasible in a clinical setting. The Etest macromethod is a reasonable alternative to PAP, yielding high sensitivity and specificity, and has potential for routine use in clinical laboratories. Due to these difficulties in detection, an exact prevalence is difficult to obtain though, based on available data, it appears that approximately 5-15% of isolates display this phenotype. hGISA is associated with prolonged bacteremia, high bacterial load infections, prolonged antibiotic therapy, prolonged hospitalization, treatment failure, and potential for increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, hGISA is associated with a poor clinical course in patients with bacteremia. Information is still lacking regarding the actual prevalence of hGISA as well as the extent of its clinical impact. A uniform method of diagnosis must be established in order to better account for all cases of hGISA. More studies must be conducted to assess clinical outcomes of hGISA.
State of the Art Review: Intravenous Fat Emulsions: Current Applications, Safety Profile, and Clinical Implications
Authors: Mirtallo Jay M , Dasta Joseph F , Kleinschmidt Kurt C , Varon Joseph 
Published: March 2010

ObjectiveTo review the current state of the science regarding intravenous fat emulsions (IVFEs), with an emphasis on their safety profile.Data sourcesArticles were identified via a search of the MEDLINE database, including publications from 1979 to December 2009, using a search string that included the terms parenteral nutrition, lipid emulsion, fat emulsion, IVFE, safety, adverse effect, neonate intralipid, and terms describing a range of specific adverse events (AEs) such as pancreatitis.Study selection and data extractionWe selected articles that allowed us to compare the results of clinical trials involving delivery of medications via IVFEs with the historical use and effects of IVFEs in parenteral nutrition, with an emphasis on AEs. We focused on 2 drugs in current use that are administered intravenously in lipid emulsions: propofol and clevidipine.Data synthesisClearance of the fat particles in IVFEs is mediated by the enzyme lipoprotein lipase. AEs are more likely if the rate or duration of IVFE administration exceeds the enzyme's clearance capacity. AEs are also more likely after administration of a 10% IVFE formulation than a 20% formulation, because the higher concentration of free phospholipid in the 10% formulation interferes with lipoprotein lipase activity. AEs can be reduced by administering IVFEs at a dosage ≤2.5 g/kg/day and at a rate ≤0.11 g/kg/h. The anesthetic agent propofol, which is formulated in a 10% IVFE, has been used clinically for 25 years. Typical AEs associated with propofol use include infection, high plasma triglyceride concentrations, and pancreatitis. Recent clinical trials involving clevidipine, which is formulated in a 20% IVFE, have demonstrated a low rate of lipid-related AEs.ConclusionsThe results of this review demonstrate that IVFEs are well tolerated when administered in accordance with guideline recommendations.
Imatinib and Panax Ginseng: A Potential Interaction Resulting in Liver Toxicity
Authors: Bilgi Naveen , Bell Kim , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N , Atallah Ehab 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of imatinib-induced hepatotoxicity after concurrent ginseng ingestion in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). CASE SUMMARY: A 26-year-old man with CML who had taken imatinib 400 mg daily for 7 years with no complications presented with right upper quadrant pain. Laboratory test results included alanine aminotransferase 1069 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 481 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 124 IU/L, total bilirubin 1.4 mg/dL, albumin 4.0 g/dL, and international normalized ratio 1.08. Liver biopsy showed acute lobular hepatitis favoring a drug-induced etiology, and a diagnosis of imatinib-induced hepatotoxicity was made. The patient's only lifestyle modification prior to the diagnosis of hepatotoxicity was daily ingestion of Panax ginseng via energy drinks for the past 3 months. Both imatinib and ginseng were discontinued, and the patient was treated with a short course of corticosteroids. Imatinib was later restarted at the same dose with no recurrent elevations in his liver enzyme levels. DISCUSSION: Imatinib-associated hepatotoxicity usually presents within 1-2 years of therapy initiation, with the median time to hepatotoxicity being 100 days. Ginseng is an herb that is not known to be hepatotoxic. In vivo, ginseng is known to inhibit CYP3A4, the primary enzyme involved in the metabolism of imatinib. We propose that our patient's late-onset imatinib-associated hepatotoxicity was due to an interaction between ginseng and imatinib through CYP3A4. Based on the Naranjo probability scale, it is probable that imatinib caused this patient's hepatotoxicity, and the Horn drug interaction probability scale also indicates a probable interaction between imatinib and ginseng. CONCLUSIONS: This case emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring of liver function tests even after several years of imatinib therapy and the importance of advising patients to avoid ginseng and any other over-the-counter herbal supplements that may interact with imatinib.
Valenzbindung oder Konstruktionsbindung? Eine Grundfrage der Grammatiktheorie
Authors: Jacobs Joachim 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIf signs of type X regularily cooccur with signs of type Y, this can be explained in two ways: (i) X is required by the valency of Y, or (ii) there is a complex construction Z that requires both X and Y. I argue that, when deciding between (i) and (ii), grammarians should consider, among other things, whether the cooccurence of X and Y resembles prototypical instances of (i). This recommendation is based on the fact that the properties of the prototype of (i) show that valency is a morphosyntactic feature of word forms (like plural). Therefore, if the cooccurence of X and Y does not resemble the prototype of (i), treating it as an instance of (i) would establish a wrong parallel to morphosyntactic phenomena. And, on the other hand, if it does resemble this prototype, treating it as an instance of (ii) would miss this parallel. – In the perspective of this proposal, I discuss some phenomena whose status between (i) and (ii) is controversial.
Joint Design of Control and Communication in Wireless Networked Control SystemsGemeinsamer Entwurf von Regelung und Kommunikation für funkbasierte Regelungssysteme
Authors: Chamaken Alain , Litz Lothar 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The control performance of a wireless networked control system is a complex function of control structure, control system parameters e. g. sampling period, controller gain and communication system structure and parameters e. g. random delay, packet loss. Further limitations may arise from low energy low performance computing nodes. In order to predict or even optimize the control performance, a joint design of both the control system with appropriate control structures and the communication system with appropriate communication protocols is intended. In this contribution a wireless networked control system where sensors, controller, and actuator communicate over a dedicated wireless network is analyzed and implemented. It is shown how to use different controllers in conjunction with dedicated communication protocols to stabilize an inverted pendulum equipped with low power low energy wireless nodes. Experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness of the method.
Regelung und Sicherheitsanalyse einer Gruppe Massenpunktfahrzeuge mit Hilfe energiebasierter MethodenControl and Safety Analysis of a Group of Point Mass Vehicles Using Energy Methods
Authors: Chávez Grunewald Martín Guillermo , Ben Makhlouf Ibtissem , Diab Hial , Mut Vicente , Kowalewski Stefan , Abel Dirk 
Published: March 2010

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die energiebasierte Regelung einer Gruppe von Fahrzeugen, die als Massenpunkte in der Ebene modelliert werden. Es wird zuerst eine Umformung der kinetischen Energie durchgeführt, sodass die Komponenten der Geschwindigkeitsvektoren, welche die Abstände verändern, bei der Regelung unterschiedlich bestraft werden. Darüber hinaus werden virtuelle potentielle Energie und dissipative Terme hinzugefügt, um das System in einer Kolonnenkonfiguration zu stabilisieren. Zum Schluss werden ein Stabilitätsbeweis sowie eine Sicherheitsanalyse auf der Basis hybrider Automaten durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse vorgestellt.
Autonomie und Kooperation in seriell gekoppelten SystemenAutonomy and Cooperation in Serially Interconnected Systems
Authors: Demir Ozan , Lunze Jan 
Published: March 2010

Zusammenfassung
Funkbasierte Kommunikationsnetze bieten die Möglichkeit, Informationen zwischen sich bewegenden Objekten zu übertragen und die Informationsverbindung immer dann zu nutzen, wenn eine Annäherung der Objekte untereinander eine Koordination ihrer Regelungen erfordert. Die wichtigste Frage bei derartigen Regelungen lautet: Welche Informationskopplungen sind nützlich und welche Verbesserungen der Regelgüte können durch diese Informationskopplungen erreicht werden? Diese Frage wird für Systeme beantwortet, die aus einer Reihenschaltung von Teilsystemen mit gleichartiger Dynamik bestehen und deren Regelung bei schwacher Kopplung eine hinreichende Autonomie der Teilsysteme und bei starker Kopplung ein kooperatives Verhalten der Teilsysteme im Sinne der Güteforderungen an das Gesamtsystem gewährleistet.
Robuste modellprädiktive Regelung kommunizierender FahrzeugkolonnenRobust Predictive Control of Platooning Vehicles Using Communication
Authors: Dold Johannes , Stursberg Olaf 
Published: March 2010

Zusammenfassung
Motiviert durch die Regelung autonomer, in einer Kolonne fahrender Fahrzeuge, wird in diesem Artikel eine neue Methode zur robusten modellprädiktiven Regelung (RMPR) von verteilten Systemen mit Kettenstruktur vorgestellt. Die Teilsysteme werden durch lokale Zustände modelliert, wobei die Eingänge des vorangehenden Teilsystems als beschränkte Störung betrachtet werden. Ausgehend von einer von Kerrigan et al. vorgestellten Methode zur robusten modellprädiktiven Regelung nicht-verteilter Systeme wird für das verteilte System gezeigt, dass die Lösbarkeit des Optimierungsproblems im Anfangszustand die Lösbarkeit für alle folgenden Zeitschritte garantiert. Im Allgemeinen kann die gefundene Lösung sehr konservativ sein und zu hohen Kosten führen. Deshalb wird im zweiten Teil des Artikels ein Konzept vorgestellt, bei welchem Kommunikation zwischen den Teilsystemen verwendet wird, um die Regelgüte zu erhöhen und eine weniger konservative Lösung zu erhalten.
Two Complementary Approaches to Event-based ControlZwei komplementäre Zugänge zur ereignisbasierten Regelung
Authors: Grüne Lars , Jerg Stefan , Junge Oliver , Lehmann Daniel , Lunze Jan , Müller Florian , Post Marcus 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Event-based control aims at reducing the communication effort within a control loop by closing the feedback loop only if an event indicates e. g. a substantial control error. This paper proposes two new methods for event-based control that conjointly guarantee ultimate boundedness of the event-based control loop. The global approach faces the problem of driving a system from its initial state into a desired target set in the state space, whereas the local approach aims at keeping the system state within the target set. Both methods are experimentally evaluated by their application to a thermofluid process.
High prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome characteristics in girls with euthyroid chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: a case–control study
Authors: Ganie Mohd Ashraf , Marwaha Raman Kumar , Aggarwal Rashmi , Singh Satveer 
Published: March 2010

ObjectiveThe aim was to find the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotype in adolescent euthyroid girls with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT).DesignThis was a prospective case–control study as part of an ongoing community-wide thyroid survey in Indian schools.MethodsOne hundred and seventy-five girls with euthyroid CLT and 46 age-matched non-CLT girls underwent clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic evaluation for diagnosis of PCOS by Rotterdam 2003 criteria. All subjects underwent serum sampling for LH, FSH, testosterone, DHEAS, free thyroxine, TSH, and anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was undertaken for plasma glucose and insulin.ResultsSignificantly higher prevalence of PCOS was noted in girls with euthyroid CLT when compared to their control counterparts (46.8 vs 4.3%,P=0.001). The CLT girls had higher body mass index, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure (P=0.001). Mean number of menstrual cycles/year was 8.4±3.5 vs 10.1±1.4, and mean Ferriman–Gallwey score was 11.9±3.5 vs 3.0±2.4 (P=0.001) in cases versus controls respectively. The fasting and postprandial glucose and serum cholesterol were also higher in the cases (P=0.001). Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance was 4.4±4.2 vs 2.3±2.7 in the cases versus controls (P=0.001).ConclusionHigher prevalence of PCOS characteristics in euthyroid CLT girls when compared to controls suggest possible role of autoimmune phenomenon in the etiopathogenesis of PCOS. Further studies are required to understand the pathogenic link between these two disorders.
Predictability of Doripenem Susceptibility in Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates Based on Other Carbapenem Susceptibilities and blaOXA Gene Status
Authors: Esterly John S. , Qi Chao , Malczynski Michael , Scheetz Marc H. 
Published: March 2010

Study Objective. To better define the utility of surrogate markers for doripenem susceptibility relative to gold standard microbiology tests.Design. In vitro experiment.Setting. Large tertiary‐care academic medical center.Organisms. One hundred twenty‐five randomly selected, unique clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii collected between 2005 and 2008.Measurements and Main Results. In vitro activity of doripenem, imipenem, and meropenem was examined by agar dilution, and the carbapenem‐hydrolyzing oxacillinase gene, blaOXA, status was determined by polymerase chain reaction for clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Positive predictive values for doripenem susceptibility were evaluated according to imipenem susceptibility, meropenem susceptibility, the doripenem Etest, and blaOXA gene status. Imipenem had the greatest activity against all A. baumannii isolates tested (51% susceptible), followed by meropenem and doripenem (44% and 29% susceptible, respectively). The positive predictive value for doripenem susceptibility was 68% with meropenem susceptibility by agar dilution, 56% with imipenem susceptibility by agar dilution, and 82% with the doripenem Etest. Doripenem Etest susceptibilities yielded eight major errors when compared with agar dilution. The blaOXA genes were present in 52 isolates (42%). Expression of either blaOXA‐23 or blaOXA‐40 was 100% predictive of resistance to doripenem, imipenem, and meropenem. In isolates not harboring blaOXA genes, 49% were susceptible to doripenem. Among the 125 isolates, carbapenem discordance existed in 22% (28 isolates), all of which were susceptible to imipenem but not to doripenem.Conclusion. In the A. baumannii isolates tested in this study, the doripenem Etest resulted in eight susceptibility misclassifications yet remained the most accurate predictor of doripenem susceptibility. The blaOXA genes in A. baumannii appeared to confer resistance against doripenem, imipenem, and meropenem and may be the best existing surrogate marker to accurately predict resistance to these drugs. Further study is necessary to better characterize the full genotypic carbapenem resistance profile of A. baumannii relative to newer carbapenem agents, such as doripenem.