bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonographic examination of the abomasum of 50 cows
Authors: Braun U. , Wild K. , Guscetti F. 
Published: October 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the position, appearance and dimensions of the abomasum of 50 healthy 4 cows by ultrasonography. The ventral abdominal region caudal to the xiphoid process was examined with a 3.5 MHz linear 5 transducer. The abomasum could be visualised from both sides 2 and from the ventral midline of 47 of the cows. The abomasum could be clearly differentiated from adjacent organs because of its contents, which appeared as a heterogeneous, moderately echogenic structure with echogenic stippling. However, the wall of the abomasum appeared, if at all, as a narrow echogenic line. Parts of the abomasal folds were visible occasionally as echogenic structures within the abomasum. Slow movement of the feed in the abomasum was also often visualised. The pylorus was positively identified in only one cow. The cranial margin of the abomasum was situated up to 15 cm caudal to the xiphoid process. The abomasum was between 7.4 and 42.9 cm long, and its maximal extent, measured from the ventral midline to the left, was from 5.0 to 26.0 cm in the cranial region and from 5.0 to 16.0 cm in the caudal region. From the ventral midline to the (b) right, it was from 5.0 to 33.0 cm in the cranial region and from 28.0 to 36.0 cm in the caudal region. The minimal dorsoventral 5, dimension of the abomasum ranged from 0.7 to 7.2 cm, and its maximal dorsoventral dimension ranged from 3.6 to 11.1 cm.
Comparison of fluid and flunixin meglumine therapy in combination and individually in the treatment of toxic mastitis
Authors: Green M. J. , Green L. E. , Cripps P. J. 
Published: October 2010

During a three‐year study, 54 cows with toxic mastitis were allocated randomly to one of three treatment groups (A, B and C). Each cow was re‐examined within 24 hours of the initial examination, and, during this time, group A received fluid therapy (45 litres of intravenous isotonic electrolyte solution) and flunixin meglumine (2000 mg), group B received fluid therapy only, and group C received flunixin meglumine only. In addition all the cases were treated with parenteral and intramammary tetracyclines, oxytocin and calcium boroglucoanate. There was no significant difference in the rate of survival between the treatment groups and 29 of the cows (53.7 per cent, 95 per cent confidence interval of 39 to 67 per cent) survived.
Double‐labelling immunohistochemical study of megakaryocytes in African swine fever
Authors: Pérez J. , Bautista M. J. , Rodríguez F. , Wilkinson P. J. , Sierra M. A. , Martin de las Mulas J. 
Published: October 2010

Bone marrow samples from pigs infected with the highly virulent Malawi'83 or moderately virulent Dominican Republic (DR'78) isolates of African swine fever virus were studied by means of a double labelling immunohistochemical technique which stained the major structural protein VP73 of the virus and megakaryocytes simultaneously. In pigs infected with the highly virulent Malawi'83 isolate, 2.2 per cent of megakaryocytes were VP73+five days after inoculation, and at six and seven days 2.5 and 9.5 per cent of megakaryocytes were VP73+. Some infected and uninfected megakaryocytes showed pyknosis and karyorrhexis, particularly at seven days after inoculation. However, in comparison with uninfected pigs, the number of megakaryocytes decreased only at seven days after inoculation. In pigs infected with the moderately virulent DR'78 isolate, only 0.2 per cent of megakaryocytes were VP73+at eight days after inoculation. However, at eight, nine and 10 days after inoculation the total number of megakaryocytes was significantly lower (P<0.01) than in control uninfected pigs, and the majority of the megakaryocytes showed signs of cell death such as pyknosis and karyorrhexis. The fact that this greater destruction of megakaryocytes was associated with the lower rate of infection of this cell type suggests that indirect damage to megakaryocytes is an additional mechanism of thrombocytopenia in acute and subacute African swine fever.
Influence of the force applied and its period of application on the outcome of the flexion test of the distal forelimb of the horse
Authors: Keg P. R. , van Weeren P. R. , Back W. , Bameveld A. 
Published: October 2010

The influence of the force applied and its period of application on the outcome of the flexion test of the distal forelimb was investigated in a group of eight sound horses. The degree of lameness after the flexion test was scored by a standard clinical classification, and by measuring the angle of maximum fetlock extension by means of the infrared light‐based MacReflex gait analysis system. There was a good correlation between the clinical score and this electronically recorded kinematic parameter (r = 0.96). Both the force applied and the period of application affected the outcome of the test. Increasing the force applied by 25 per cent led to three horses being judged positive, instead of two when the normal force was applied. Doubling the time to 120 seconds resulted in four horses rather than two being classified as lame after the test. Reducing the force to 75 per cent or the time to 30 seconds resulted in all the horses being classified as sound. A flexion test lasting five minutes, either at 100 per cent force or at 75 per cent, classified six of the eight horses as lame. It is concluded that the flexion test should be defined more precisely in terms of these two factors in order to make its results more consistent and hence more useful.
Immunotoxicological effects on piglets of feeding sows diets containing aflatoxins
Authors: Silvotti L. , Petterino C. , Bonomi A. , Cabassi E. 
Published: October 2010

Three groups of four Large White sows were fed diets containing either 800 ppb purified aflatoxin Bi (group 1), 800 ppb purified aflatoxin Gl (group 2) or 400 ppb Bi and 400 ppb Gl (group 3) throughout gestation and lactation. A control group of four sows was fed a diet free of aflatoxins. Aflatoxins Bi and Ml were found in milk samples taken five and 25 days after parturition from the sows of group 1, aflatoxin Gl was present in the milk of the sows of group 2 and all three aflatoxins were present in samples from the sows of group 3. The concentration of aflatoxin in the milk was about 1000‐fold lower than that in the feed, but increased over the 25 days after parturition. The piglet suckling on a central teat was selected from each sow, given sow milk until the fourth day of age, and was then free to eat prepared feed while suckling. At the 25th day of age the selected piglets were removed from the sow and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected from each piglet and cellular populations were separated for immunological measurements: an in vitro lymphocyte proliferation test, and tests to derive the phagocytic activity, phagocytic index and superoxide anion production of monocytederived macrophages were carried out along with studies on the motility, differential chemotaxis and chemotactic index of circulating granulocytes. The lymphoproliferative response to mitogens was reduced and monocyte‐derived macrophages failed to efficiently produce superoxide anions after oxidative burst stimulation in vitro, while their ability to phagocytose red blood cells was not compromised. Granulocytic cells showed a reduction of chemotactic response in vitro to chemoattractant bacteria factor and casein.
Displacement of the tubular genital tract of the ewe during pregnancy
Authors: Ayen E. , Noakes D. E. 
Published: October 2010

The displacement of the tubular genital tract of ewes during pregnancy, in particular of the cervix relative to the cranial pelvic brim, was studied by sequential radiography using radio‐opaque markers attached surgically before tupping. In the first year, 13 two‐year‐old parous ewes were fed a complete pelleted diet containing either 15 or 25 per cent fibre throughout pregnancy. The distances between the markers attached to the tubulogenital tract increased and the distance between the cervix and the cranial pelvic brim increased slightly with advancing pregnancy; the diet had no effect. In the second year, only cervical displacement was studied in 11 ewes that had suffered a cervicovaginal prolapse the previous year, and in five of their female progeny. They were divided into two groups, one of which was fed a 15 per cent‐fibre complete pelleted diet and the other hay ad libitum throughout pregnancy. In two ewes, one from each dietary group, the prolapse recurred less than two weeks from term; initially it was a stage 2 prolapse, where the vaginal wall fails to return to its normal position when the ewe stands, but in one ewe it became a stage 3 prolapse, with the vagina completely everted and the cervix visible. During the stage 2 prolapse there was no evidence of caudal displacement of the cervix, whereas during the progression to the stage 3 prolapse the cervix became displaced 33 cm caudally over two to three hours.
Aggressive behaviour in English cocker spaniels and the personality of their owners
Authors: Podberscek A. L. , Serpell J. A. 
Published: October 2010

The aim of the study was to determine whether there is an association between the personality of the owners of English cocker spaniels and the expression of aggressive behaviour by their dogs. Two‐hundred‐and‐eighty‐five owners of purebred English cocker spaniels completed the Catell 16 Personality Questionnaire. One‐hundred‐and‐twenty‐eight of them owned 153 dogs previously classified as being ‘low’ in terms of aggressiveness and 157 owned 172 dogs classified as being ‘high’ in terms of aggressiveness. Both groups of owners were similar in terms of a variety of demographic variables, including the number of adults and children in the household, the type of house and the sex of the owner. The dogs in both groups were similar in age, age when acquired and sex ratio. Analyses of the data using unpaired t‐tests revealed that the owners of high aggression dogs were significantly more likely to be tense (P<0.001), emotionally less stable (P<0.01), shy (P<0.01) and undisciplined (P<0.05) than owners of low aggression dogs.
Intrauterine infection withEhrlichia phagocytophilain a cow
Authors: Pusterla N. , Braun U. , Wolfensberger C. , Lutz H. 
Published: October 2010

An infection withEhrlichia phagocytophila, the agent of tickborne fever, can cause abortion or stillbirth in cows in late pregnancy but, to the authors' knowledge, there have been no reports of intrauterine infection in cows followed by clinical signs in the calf. To study the effect ofE phagocytophilaon the fetus, a cow was infected experimentally after 270 days of pregnancy. It developed the clinical and haematological signs characteristic of tickborne fever six days after infection. At 287 days of pregnancy the cow gave birth to a live calf, which became ill at 13 days of age. The general condition and behaviour of the calf were only mildly affected but it had a high temperature and swollen prescapular lymph nodes. Its appetite and suck reflex remained normal.E phagocytophilainclusion bodies were visible, predominantly in neutrophils and eosinophils, for seven days. The calf seroconverted, as detected by indirect immunofluorescence, 14 days after it became ill.
Entanglement in fishing gear and other causes of death in cetaceans stranded on the coasts of England and Wales
Authors: Kirkwood J. K. , Bennett P. M. , Jepson P. D. , Kuiken T. , Simpson V. R. , Baker J. R. 
Published: October 2010

Between August 1990 and September 1995 the carcases of 422 cetaceans of 12 species that had died around the coasts of England and Wales were examined. There were 234 harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), 138 common dolphins (Delphinus delphis), and 50 individuals of 10 other species of dolphins and whales. The cause of death was diagnosed in 320 (76 per cent) of them. The most frequent cause of death in the harbour porpoises and common dolphins was entanglement in fishing gear (bycatch). Of the cases in which the cause of death was established, 66 (38 per cent) of 176 harbour porpoises, 86 (80 per cent) of 108 common dolphins, and six (19 per cent) of 31 individuals of other species had been bycaught. Neonatal starvation, pneumonia and generalised infections accounted for a further 31 per cent of the diagnosed causes of death in harbour porpoises. The proportion of stranded common dolphins that had been bycaught was consistently high except during 1995, but the proportion of stranded harbour porpoises which had been bycaught increased in each successive year.
Comparison of three injectable anaesthetic techniques in pigs
Authors: Clutton R. E. , Blissitt K. J. , Bradley A. A. , Camburn M. A. 
Published: October 2010

Forty‐six near‐adult pigs (mean age 10 months, mean weight 156 kg) were anaesthetised for laparoscopy. After intramuscular azaperone (1.0 mg/kg) and ketamine (2.5 mg/kg), 14 of the pigs received intravenous etomidate (200 μg/kg) and midazolam (100 μg/kg) and 17 were given ketamine (2 mg/kg) and midazolam (100 μg/kg). The other 15 pigs were anaesthetised with pentobarbitone (15 to 20 mg/kg) without pre‐anaesthetic medication. The duration and adequacy of anaesthesia, recovery rate, and seven physiological variables (ECG, heart rate, indirect arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, minute volume, mean end‐tidal carbon dioxide concentration and percentage oxygen saturation of haemoglobin) were compared. Repeated injections were needed in 29 of the 46 cases. Pentobarbitone was the least satisfactory drug because although the haemodynamic variables were greater, it caused more respiratory depression and a higher overall complication rate than the other methods. Apnoea occurred in two pigs, and was fatal in one, and positive pressure ventilation with oxygen was needed in three others. Intubation conditions were poorer and the times to standing, walking and rooting were longer in the pigs anaesthetised with pentobarbitone.
Pathological studies of wobbly possum disease in New Zealand brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Authors: O'Keefe J. S. , Stanislawek W. L. , Heath D. D. 
Published: October 2010

Following an outbreak of wobbly possum disease in a colony of brush tail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), the disease was established experimentally in captive possums by inoculating the animals intraperitoneally with tissue homogenates. Crude tissue homogenates of liver remained infectious after freezing at ‐75°C or filtration through a 0.22 pm filter. The disease was characterised by docility, incoordination, loss of balance and wasting. Fifteen of 16 infected animals had to be euthanased owing to the severity of the clinical signs. Cachexia was the only change observed postmortem. Histology revealed widespread perivascular infiltrations with plasma cells and lymphocytes which were severe in the liver and kidney and moderate to mild in a variety of other tissues, including skeletal and cardiac muscle. Changes in the brain consisted of a mild to moderate mononuclear perivascular cuffing. Most of the animals had small to large numbers of circulating nucleated red blood cells and eosinopenia when they were euthanased. There was a consistent decrease in serum albumin concentration and an increase in serum globulins, which resulted in a decreased albumin:globulin ratio. Virus‐like particles were observed in preparations of liver from two animals; they appeared to be spherical or icosahedral and were 45 nm in diameter.
Use of ultrasonography to help to predict observed oestrus in dairy cows after the administration of prostaglandin F2α
Authors: Smith S. T. , Ward W. R. , Dobson H. 
Published: October 2010

A total of 76 cows from seven herds with an ultrasonographically visible corpus luteum at routine herd fertility examinations were treated with prostaglandin F2 α. The sizes of the cavities of all the follicles on both ovaries with a diameter greater than 5 mm were measured. The cows were observed for signs of oestrus over the following six days and the time to onset of oestrus was recorded. Milk samples collected when the prostaglandin was administered and at oestrus were assayed for milk progesterone concentration. The herd of origin, lactation number, body condition score, days after calving at the time of examination and the total number of follicles when the prostaglandin was administered were not found to have any correlation with time to oestrus. Seventy‐three of the 76 cows had milk progesterone concentrations consistent with active luteal tissue when the prostaglandin was administered, and 33 of them were observed in oestrus and had low milk progesterone concentration within six days. The mean time to the onset of oestrus was significantly and inversely related to the size of the cavity of the smallest follicle with a diameter of more than 5 mm.
Treatment of infectious arthritis of the radiocarpal joint of cattle with gentamicin‐impregnated collagen sponges
Authors: Hirsbrunner G. , Steiner A. 
Published: October 2010

Gentamicin‐impregnated collagen sponges were used successfully in the treatment of chronic septic arthritis of the radiocarpal joint in two cattle. Both animals were moderately to severely lame and refractory to systemic antibiotics, and one of them was refractory to joint lavage and local antibiotics. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by radiography and arthrocentesis. Arthroscopy was performed under general anaesthesia and, after debridement and lavage of the joint, gentamicin‐impregnated collagen sponges were placed intraarticularly. Synovial fluid was sampled at 10 and 20 days after surgery and radiographs were taken three months (case 1) and two months (case 2) after surgery. The infection was eliminated from both animals and they recovered without residual lameness.
Effect of muscle injection site and drug temperature on pre‐anaesthetic sedation in pigs
Authors: Clutton R. E. , Bracken J. , Ritchie M. 
Published: October 2010

The responses of 83 Meishan gilts given azaperone (1.0 mg/kg) and ketamine (5 mg/kg) intramuscularly at one of four sites: the cervical muscles (20); the triceps muscle (m triceps brachii) (20); the middle gluteal muscle (m gluteus medius) (22); and the fascia lata muscle (m fascia lata) (21) were recorded. There were more reactions to the injection into the fascia lata muscle than to injections into the middle gluteal muscle and the triceps muscle (P=0.024) and fewest after injections into the cervical muscles (P=0.013). The injection site did not influence the time from injection to recumbency but there was least variability with the fascia lata muscle. The degree of sedation achieved, and the response to venous cannulation were similar in all four groups. There were no long‐term complications (lameness or abscess formation) associated with the injections at any of the sites. In a second study with 68 pigs the same drug mixture was injected into the triceps muscle at either 6 to 8°C (23), 19 to 22°C (23) or 38.5 to 40.5°C (22). There was no significant difference (P=0.078) between the numbers of responses to the injections at each temperature. Mean time to recumbency was shortest with the injections at the highest temperature although the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.498). The degree of sedation achieved, the response to venous cannulation and the incidence of complications were similar in all three groups.
Cohort study of the association between adventitious bursitis of the hock and the age at slaughter and carcase quality of the pigs on one farm
Authors: Mouttotou N. , Sterry J. , Green L. E. 
Published: October 2010

The prevalence and severity of adventitious bursitis and its association with age at slaughter and carcase quality were evaluated in a cohort of 1011 pigs reared in a straw‐based system. The prevalence of bursitis was 85.4 per cent (574/672). Pigs with bursitis had a significantly greater depth of fat over the ribs (P=0.01) and at P2 (P=0.02). There was evidence (P=0.06) of an association between bursitis and a reduction in the depth of the rib muscle. There was also a significant reduction in the lean meat content of the carcases of the pigs with bursitis (P<0.01). There was no association with age at slaughter, sex or carcase weight. When the significant associations were considered in a forward stepwise unconditional logistic regression model, with the presence of bursitis as the dependent variable, the only significant variable was depth of rib fat with an odds ratio of 1.12 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.02 to 1.22). The economic impact of adventitious bursitis on carcase quality was estimated to be equivalent to a loss of 0.5 kg per affected pig.
Evaluation of primary haemostasis in canine leishmaniasis
Authors: Moreno P. , Lucena R. , Ginel P. J. 
Published: October 2010

Primary haemostasis was evaluated by measurements of bleeding time and platelet count in 26 dogs with leishmaniasis and 10 normal dogs. Bleeding time was significantly (P=0.02) longer in the infected dogs than in the control group, and in infected dogs with creatinine concentrations >1.5 mg/dl than in infected dogs with normal creatinine levels. There was a significant linear regression between the concentration of creatinine and bleeding time (P=0.02) although the coefficient of determination was low (r2=0.194). There were no significant differences in platelet counts between the normal and diseased dogs, and there were no significant differences between male and female dogs in either group.
Diarrhoea in nursing piglets associated with coccidiosis: prevalence, microscopic lesions and coexisting microorganisms
Authors: Chae C. , Kwon D. , Kim O. , Min K. , Cheon D‐S. , Choi C. , Kim B. , Suh J. 
Published: October 2010

A retrospective study was made of natural infections with Isospora suis in nursing piglets, recorded from April 1994 to May 1997, to determine the prevalence, microscopical lesions and other microorganisms associated with coccidiosis. One hundred and five (17.3 per cent) of the 605 nursing piglets submitted from 304 pig farms were diagnosed positive for coccidiosis. The affected piglets were from seven to 20 days old, with a mean age of 11.1 days. Coccidiosis occurred in each year but the incidence peaked in July (15 cases, 14.3 per cent), September (15 cases, 14.3 per cent), October (16 cases, 15.2 per cent) and November (18 cases, 17.1 per cent) and was lowest in May (no cases), August (two cases, 1.9 per cent) and June (four cases, 3.8 per cent). Histopathologically, villous atrophy resulting from the necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells was a prominent feature of infection with I suis. In 49 5 per cent of the nursing piglets, other enteropathogens were identified, Escherichia coli (47.6 per cent) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (3.8 per cent) being the most commonly diagnosed. Forty‐five of 50 E coli isolates associated with coccidiosis tested negative by polymerase chain reaction for enterotoxigenic virulence factors, such as fimbriae and enterotoxins.