bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The endothelin receptor antagonist tezosentan improves renal microcirculation in a porcine model of endotoxemic shock
Authors: FENHAMMAR J. , ANDERSSON A. , FRITHIOF R. , FORESTIER J. , WEITZBERG E. , SOLLEVI A. , HJELMQVIST H. 
Published: August 2010

Background:Impaired renal microcirculation has been suggested as a factor contributing to the development of renal dysfunction in sepsis. This study was conducted to elucidate the role of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1)in mediating reductions in renal microcirculatory blood flow during endotoxemic shock.Methods:A prospective, randomized, and experimental study was performed with 16 anesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs. After 2 h of lipopolysaccaride‐induced endotoxemia, eight animals received a bolus dose of the dual endothelin receptor antagonist tezosentan (1 mg/kg), followed by a continuous infusion of 1 mg/kg/h throughout the experiment. Eight animals served as the control group. Renal microcirculation, total renal blood flow, plasma creatinine levels, cardiac index, and mean arterial pressure were measured. Plasma samples were collected for the measurement of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), ET‐1, angiotensin II, and aldosterone.Results:Endotoxin infusion resulted in a state of circulatory shock with impairment of renal microcirculation. An increase in the plasma levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10, ET‐1, angiotensin II, and aldosterone was also observed.Tezosentan attenuated the decrease in renal microcirculation and renal blood flow, and attenuated the increase in plasma creatinine. Treatment with tezosentan did not significantly affect the plasma cytokine, angiotensin II, or aldosterone response to endotoxemia.Conclusion:These results indicate that treatment with the dual endothelin receptor tezosentan in endotoxemic shock attenuates the reduction of renal microcirculation and total renal blood flow independently of plasma changes in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system or early plasma cytokine response.
Activity of the descending noradrenergic pathway after surgery in rats
Authors: WANG Y. , FENG C. , WU Z. , WU A. , YUE Y. 
Published: August 2010

Background:Previous studies have shown that activation of the descending noradrenergic inhibition pathway results in analgesia after surgery. However, the time course of activity of the descending noradrenergic pathway after surgery has not been examined previously. Here, we investigated the spinal release of noradrenaline (NA) in the post‐operative period in a freely moving rat model of incisional pain.Methods:Loop microdialysis catheters were implanted subarachnoidally via the atlanto‐occipital membrane in Sprague–Dawley rats. Twelve healthy rats without neural deficits were divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, following 5 days of recovery. A plantar incision in the right hind paws of rats in Group A was performed under 1.2% isoflurane. All rats in Group B were only anesthetized by 1.2% isoflurane for the same duration. The microdialysate samples for NA determination were collected before anesthesia, 3 h and 1, 2 and 3 days after incision (or isoflurane anesthesia in Group B) in both groups. The cumulative pain scores were assessed at the above time points.Results:The spinal release of NA increased gradually, peaked at 2 days after the incision and remained at the peak level up to the third day after the incision. The cumulative pain scores peaked 3 h after the incision, and gradually decreased afterwards and returned to the baseline values 3 days after the incision.Conclusions:The descending NA tone might be apparently more active in the post‐operative period. The descending noradrenergic inhibitory pathway plays an important role in post‐operative neuroplasticity.
Effect of magnesium sulfate on extubation time and acute pain in coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: FERASATKISH R. , DABBAGH A. , ALAVI M. , MOLLASADEGHI G. , HYDARPUR E. , MOGHADAM A. A. , FARITUS Z. S. , TOTONCHI M. Z. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Post‐operative pain control is one of the greatest concerns for both physicians and patients. In this study, the effect of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) solution infusion on post‐operative pain scores and extubation time in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgeries was assessed.Methods: In a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial, 218 patients scheduled for elective CABG were selected and randomly assigned to two groups. After matching inclusion and exclusion criteria for the patients, intravenous MgSO4 was administered intraoperatively for one group and placebo to the second group. Except for this, all the cases were similar regarding anesthesia and surgery.Results: The MgSO4 patients were extubated sooner compared with the placebo group. Pain scores reported by the group who received MgSO4 were less at the 6th, 12th, 18th and 24th hours after the operation; also, they needed less morphine sulfate during this period.Conclusion: The results demonstrated a significantly shortened post‐operative time for extubation and reduced acute post‐operative pain scores by intravenous MgSO4 infusion during elective CABG surgery.
Animal model for study of human hepatitis viruses
Authors: Chayama Kazuaki , Hayes C Nelson , Hiraga Nobuhiko , Abe Hiromi , Tsuge Masataka , Imamura Michio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHuman hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infect only chimpanzees and humans. Analysis of both viruses has long been hampered by the absence of a small animal model. The recent development of human hepatocyte chimeric mice has enabled us to carry out studies on viral replication and cellular changes induced by replication of human hepatitis viruses. Various therapeutic agents have also been tested using this model. In the present review, we summarize published studies using chimeric mice and discuss the merits and shortcomings of this model.
The severity of endoscopic gastric atrophy could help to predict Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment gastritis stage
Authors: Quach Duc Trong , Le Huy Minh , Nguyen Oanh Thuy , Nguyen Trung Sao , Uemura Naomi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground And Aims:  The aims of the present study were to evaluate the role of moderate‐to‐severe endoscopic gastric atrophy (EGA) on predicting Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) gastritis stage, and to assess the association of high‐stage OLGA gastritis with gastric neoplasia in patients with non‐ulcer dyspepsia.Methods:  A cross‐sectional study was carried out on 280 dyspeptic outpatients. EGA was assessed according to the Kimura–Takemoto classification. Gastritis stage was established according to the OLGA staging system and gastric neoplasia was assessed according to the Vienna classification. The pathologists who read the specimens were kept blind to the endoscopic results.Results:  The mean age of patients was 46.1 years (range 20–78 years) with a male‐to‐female ratio of 1:1. High‐stage gastritis (e.g. stage III or IV) was confirmed in 13 (4.6%) patients. All of these patients were more than 40 years‐of‐age (P = 0.01), had Helicobacter pylori infection (P = 0.0006) and moderate‐to‐severe EGA (P < 0.001). Low‐grade dysplasia was found in seven patients: 4/13 (30.7%) with high‐stage gastritis versus 3/267 (1.1%) with low‐stage gastritis (P < 0.001). Six of these patients had moderate‐to‐severe EGA (P = 0.048). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of this endoscopic finding in high‐stage gastritis diagnosis were 100%, 57.7%, 10.3% and 100%, respectively.Conclusions:  OLGA high‐stage gastritis was associated with gastric dysplasia and was mostly diagnosed in patients with moderate‐to‐severe EGA. The absence of this endoscopic finding could effectively rule out the possibility of having high‐stage gastritis.
AN IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STUDY OF CIRCULATING ANTI‐LIVER ANTIBODIES IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES
Authors: Tsuji Takao , Ogawa Katsuo , Kosaka Kiyowo 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA modified indirect Coons' immunofluorescent technic was used to determine whether or not there exist circulating anti‐liver tissue antibodies in the sera of 20 patients with various chronic liver diseases and 25 patients other than liver diseases. The normal liver tissue obtained from victims of traffic accident within 3 hours of death was used as antigen.For the control gamma‐globulin in the normal liver was stained by direct Goons' technic. Even in the normal liver, intracytoplasmic gamma‐globulin was observed in a certain cytoplasm of the hepatic cells in three out of five cases, and also in the cytoplasm of Kupffer's cells in one of them. The incidence of circulating antibody to the cytoplasm of hepatic cell was 13 out of 20 cases (65%), anti‐nucleus antibody was one in 20 (5%), and anti‐cytoplasm of bile ductular cell antibody was two in 20 patients (10%) with chronic liver diseases, whereas the sera of normal persons as well as of patients other than liver diseases were all proved to be negative. The anti‐nucleus antibody was non‐specific in species and organs.No close correlation was found among the appearance of anti‐liver tissue antibodies, gamma‐globulin quantities in sera, and tissue reactions such as single cell necrosis, piecemeal necrosis, and cell infiltration in the Glisson's capsule. Nonetheless, the appearance of circulating antibody to the cytoplasm of hepatic cell was detected in seven of 8 patients (87.5%) with active chronic hepatitis. The results imply an etiological role of anti‐liver tissue antibody on the progression and prolongation of liver diseases.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH IN STUDIES ON PATHOGENESIS OF BACILLARY DYSENTERY: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THE INVASION OF BACILLI INTO INTESTINAL MUCOSA*
Authors: OGAWA Hidemasa 
Published: August 2010

Pathogenic behaviors of Shigella and Shigella‐like group of enteropa‐thogenic Escherichia coli, which are equally causative organisms in bacil‐lary dysentery, were demonstrated in experimental infection in monkeys and other experimental systems.From these observations it is concluded that virulent strain of Shigella and enteropathogenic E. coli show specific affinity to epithelial cells and their invasion into those cells of colonic mucosa in the initial stage is an indispensable factor by which the later process of the infection can be established.The importance of hypersensitivity as a factor to determine the development of bacillary dysenteric colitis was emphasized. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 261 ‐ 277, 1970.
LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPICAL ASPECTS OF INTERSTITIAL CELL HYPERPLASIA OF TESTIS: – Report of Two Cases –
Authors: SATODATE Ryoichi , KATO Jutaro , MURAMOTO Toshikazu 
Published: August 2010

Light and electron microscopic observations of interstitial cell hyperplasia of testis were made. Some of the hyperplastic interstitial cells in the first case were so atypical that tumorous growth was considered to occur in part.Electron microscopically, the cytoplasm of hyperplastic interstitial cells were filled with vesicles. A large amount of lipochrome pigment granules were found in hyperplastic interstitial cells of the first case, but only scarcely in those of the second case. The pigment granules were assumed to have been induced from mitochondria. Lamellar structures, originating from endoplasmic reticulum, were occasionally found in cytoplasm. Bundles of fibrils were seen scattered in the cytoplasm of some interstitial cells. The bundles were rarely encountered within the lysosomal or pigmental granules, though they were very scarce. They showed occasionally a large aggregation, which might be a precursor of Reinke crystalloid. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 387–398, 1970.
PATHOLOGY OF KAWASAKI DISEASE IN THE HEALED STAGE Relationships between Typical and Atypical Cases of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Fujiwara Hisayoshi , Fujiwara Takako , Kao Ta‐Chirn , Ohshio Gakuji , Hamashima Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2010

To define the pathological features of Kawasaki disease (KD) in the healed stage (over 40 days of illness), 69 autopsied infants with clinically typical KD (25 in the healed stage and 38 in the acute stage) and atypical KD (four in the healed stage and two in the acute stage) were examined.In the medium‐sized arteries with coronary aneurysm in KD, panvasculitis was evident in the acute stages, while scar formation was noted in the healed stage. Thrombi, marked intimal thickening, marked stenosis, and recanalization were seen in the coronary arteries. In KD without aneurysm, acute inflammation was localized in the intima and the perivascular area of the coronary arteries in the acute stages, but was absent in the healed stage. Although intimal thickening was noted, marked stenosis and thrombi were not evident in KD without aneurysm. In KD with and without aneurysm, acute angiltis in small arteries and micro‐vessels and acute inflammation of various organs were noted in the acute stages, but disappeared in the healed stage. Fibrinoid necrosis of the artery was rare in the acute stages and was not noted in the healed stage. Atypical cases of KD showed the same pathological features as those in cases with clinically typical KD. The common cause of death in the healed stage was ischemic heart disease. Old myocardial infarction was noted in 80% of the cases, and acute myocardial infarction was seen In 35%. KD is an acute systemic inflammatory disease and KD without aneurysm is a disease with mild angiitis.
Effect of traditional Chinese medicine (Sairei‐to) on monoclonal antibody‐induced proteinuria in rats
Authors: Kawachi Hiroshi , Takashima Noriko , Orikasa Michiaki , Oite Takashi , Shimizu Fujio 
Published: August 2010

The effects of traditional Chinese medicine (Sairei‐to) on monoclonal antibody (mAb) inducing proteinuria were examined. Four hundred, 200 and 100mglkg body weight (BW) of Sairei‐to and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) as a control were injected intraperitoneally into four groups of female Wistar rats every day from 5 days before intravenous injection of mAb to the end of the experimental period. The amount of urinary protein excretion was significantly suppressed in roughly a dose‐dependent manner. For example, 116.6 ± 89.7mg/day of proteinuria was observed in control groups compared to 4.2 ± 15.2 mglday in the 400 mglkg BW of Sairei‐to treated group 2 days after mAb injection (P < 0.01).Statistically significant (P <0.01) differences were again observed in a repeat experiment (122.1 ± 53.7 vs 10.2 ± 10.1 mglday on the 2nd day) without affecting the glomerular filtration rate.No significant difference was recognized between the total amount of mAb bound to glomeruli 1 h after mAb injection in Sairei‐to‐treated and non‐treated rats, indicating that Sairei‐to pretreatment has no effects on the number or quality of antigenic molecules.The effect of Sairei‐to on a non‐immunological model of proteinuria was also examined. No significant reduction of proteinuria by similar Sairei‐to treatment was observed in aminonucleoside of puromycin nephropathy.The authors conclude that mAb‐induced proteinuria in rats is significantly suppressed by the traditional Chinese medicine, Sairei‐to.
Kalinella bambusicola gen. et sp. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta), a novel coccoid Chlorella‐like subaerial alga from Southeast Asia
Authors: Neustupa Jiří , Němcová Yvonne , Eliáš Marek , Škaloud Pavel 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe traditional green algal genus Chlorella, which comprised coccoid algae surrounded by a smooth cell wall and reproducing solely by autosporulation, has proved to be polyphyletic and extremely diverse in phylogenetic terms. We studied a new subaerial Chlorella‐like strain CAUP H7901 and morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular phylogenetic investigations indicated that it represents a new lineage of the trebouxiophycean Watanabea clade, dissimilar from other members of this group. The alga has globular coccoid cells with a single parietal pyrenoid‐bearing chloroplast. The pyrenoid is transected by multiple radial thylakoid bands. The alga reproduces exclusively by means of asexual autospores of unequal size. In 18S rDNA sequence phylogenies, it was nested within the Watanabea clade close to lineages containing Chlorella saccharophila, Chlorella luteoviridis, Heveochlorella hainangensis, and two uncharacterized strains, but alternative positions within the Watanabea clade could not be rejected by an approximately unbiased (AU) test. Here we describe this organism as a new genus and species Kalinella bambusicola gen. et sp. nov. Furthermore, we describe Heterochlorella gen. nov. to accommodate a species previously referred to as Chlorella luteoviridis.
Responses of Antarctic Iridaea cordata (Rhodophyta) tetraspores exposed to ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Zacher Katharina , Roleda Michael Y. , Wulff Angela , Hanelt Dieter , Wiencke Christian 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYIn Antarctica ozone depletion is highest during spring, coinciding with the reproduction of many seaweed species. Propagules are the life‐stage of an alga most susceptible to environmental perturbations. Therefore, fertile thalli of Iridaea cordata (Turner) Bory (Rhodophyta) were collected in the eulittoral of King George Island (Antarctica) to examine spore susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). In the laboratory, freshly released tetraspores were exposed to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (400–700 nm), PAR+UV‐A (320–700 nm) or PAR+UV‐A+UV‐B (280–700 nm). Photosynthetic efficiency was measured during 1–8 h of exposure and after 48 h of recovery. Additionally, mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs) and DNA damage were determined. Saturating irradiance of photosynthesis of freshly released tetraspores was 57 µmol photons m−2 s−1. Exposure to increasing fluence of PAR reduced photosynthetic efficiency. UVR further decreased the photosynthetic efficiencies of the tetraspores but spores were able to recover completely after UVR exposure and 2 days post‐cultivation under low PAR. DNA damage was minimal and lesions were effectively repaired under photoreactivating light. Concentrations of the MAAs shinorine and palythine were higher in tetraspores treated with UVR than in spores only exposed to PAR. Generally, the tetraspores show a good UV tolerance. This flexible response of the tetraspores of this species to changing radiation conditions enables the alga to grow along a considerable depth gradient from the sublittoral to the eulittoral where they can be exposed to enhanced UVBR under conditions of stratospheric ozone depletion.
Induction and isolation of pigmentation mutants of Porphyra yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) by heavy‐ion beam irradiation
Authors: Niwa Kyosuke , Hayashi Yoriko , Abe Tomoko , Aruga Yusho 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe present study describes the isolation of pigmentation mutants of Porphyra yezoensis Ueda induced by heavy‐ion beam irradiation for the first time. The gametophytic blades were irradiated with 12C+6 ion beams within a dose range of 25–400 Gy. From the survival rate and cell growth of the irradiated blades, it is suggested that a dose of 150 Gy or less is suitable to induce mutation for the isolation of mutants of P. yezoensis. After irradiation, red, green and deep reddish brown‐colored gametophytic blades developed from archeospores that were released from each of the mutated cell clusters of the respective different colors, and the red mutant strain (IBY‐R1) and green mutant strain (IBY‐G1) were established as a conchocelis colony in culture. Blades of the mutants were characterized by their growth and photosynthetic pigment contents compared with those of the wild‐type. From these results, it is clear that heavy‐ion beam mutagenesis will be an effective tool for genetic and breeding studies of Porphyra, and also for other algal research.
Research note: First report of the Japanese species Grateloupia lanceolata (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from California, USA
Authors: Miller Kathy Ann , Hughey Jeffery R. , Gabrielson Paul W. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe Japanese red alga Grateloupia lanceolata (Okamura) Kawaguchi was discovered in southern California at Santa Catalina Island in spring 2003 and April 2008 and in central California at the mouth of the Elkhorn Slough in Moss Landing in May, June and July of 2008. The morphology of thalli from both localities agrees with published figures. Sequences from the rbcL gene and the nuclear marker, internal transcribed spacer‐1 from Californian G. lanceolata were identical to those from two specimens of G. lanceolata introduced to the Thau Lagoon, Mediterranean France and a specimen from Japan. It is likely that the import of oysters for mariculture played a role in its introduction into California.
Sequence repeats enlarge the internal transcribed spacer 1 region of the brown alga Colpomenia sinuosa (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Cho Ga Youn , Choi Dong Woog , Kim Myung Sook , Boo Sung Min 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY Colpomenia sinuosa is an annual brown algal species that occurs in temperate to tropical waters of the world. In order to examine the genetic diversity among populations of the species and to discuss its current distribution, we analyzed the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from 18 specimens of C. sinuosa, and, for comparison, plastid rbcL from the same specimens. The C. sinuosa ITS region (2141–2534 base pairs) is approximately 2.2 times the length of most other brown algae. We found a long repeated sequence of approximately 190 base pairs in the first half of the ITS1 region; five repeats in Northern Hemisphere collections and three in those from the Southern Hemisphere, which result in ITS length variation. The unequal occurrence of tandem repeats of C. sinuosa corresponds to the geographical distribution of the species. The rbcL sequences from all the specimens of C. sinuosa, except the Canary Island samples, were identical, indicating that they indeed belong to the same species.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Tang Ching‐Shen , Wang Chih‐Chien , Huang Ching‐Feng , Chen Shyi‐Jou , Tseng Min‐Hua , Lo Wen‐Tsung 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  Skin infection and/or nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) is a risk factor for exacerbating disease or subsequent recurrent S. aureus infection. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibilities of S. aureus strains from AD children and determine the most appropriate choice of antibiotics.Methods:  Nasal swabs from 168 healthy children with AD and 20 AD children with concurrent skin and soft‐tissue infections (SSTI) were collected in 2005–2008. S. aureus strains were further analyzed for and compared with antibiotic susceptibilities.Results:  There were 78 (46.4%) healthy children with AD colonized with S. aureus, and 24 (30.8%) were methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Among the 20 SSTI‐infecting strains, 12 (60%) were MRSA. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that, after penicillin, colonizing and SSTI‐infecting strains had the highest rates of resistance to erythromycin (50% and 70%, respectively). All isolated strains were susceptible to vancomycin, rifampin, and mupirocin. Multi‐drug resistance was found in 70% of the colonizing and 50% of the SSTI‐infecting strains. D‐test assay revealed inducible clindamycin resistance in 75% of the colonizing strains. The most prevalent resistance gene was ermB which was present in 94.9% and 92.9% of colonizing and SSTI‐infecting strains, respectively.Conclusions:  This study found that colonizing and SSTI‐infecting strains of S. aureus from AD children had a high prevalence of MRSA and multi‐drug resistance. Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, rifampin, fusidic acid and mupirocin appear to be more suitable for treatment and decolonization of S. aureus in AD children.