bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When effects of the universal psychological need for autonomy on health behaviour extend to a large proportion of individuals: A field experiment
Authors: Chatzisarantis Nikos L. D. , Hagger Martin S. , Kamarova Sviatlana , Kawabata Masato 
Published: April 2012

Objective.  Based on tenets of self‐determination theory, the present manuscript examined the hypothesis that a physical activity intervention programme that supported the universal psychological need for autonomy would motivate a large proportion of young individuals to engage in physical activity. In contrast, we hypothesized that interventions that did not support the universal psychological need for autonomy would motivate a smaller proportion of young individuals to endorse the physical activity programme.Method.  A field experiment was conducted. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention that supported the psychological need for autonomy and two conditions that did not support the psychological need for autonomy (rationale‐only or forced‐choice conditions).Results.  It was demonstrated that more young individuals initiated and completed a physical activity intervention programme when the programme supported the psychological need for autonomy than when the programme did not support the psychological need for autonomy.Conclusions.  Results of the present study provide additional evidence to a growing body of literature recognizing the importance of universal psychological needs in motivating health‐related behaviours.Statement of ContributionWhat is already known on this subject?Previous research has established the unique effects of the psychological need for autonomy on health behaviour. Several studies have shown that individuals are more likely to adopt health‐related behaviour when they complete interventions that support the psychological need for autonomy than when they are exposed to interventions that frustrate the psychological need for autonomy.What does this study add?The current study adds to knowledge by demonstrating that the effects of universal psychological needs extend to a large proportion (i.e., the majority) of individuals. This means that autonomy supportive interventions to change health behaviour will lead to benefits to a large proportion of individuals in a population, which is extremely beneficial to public health campaigns that aim to increase the health of the general population.
Anatomy structure creation and editing using 3D implicit surfaces
Authors: Hibbard Lyndon S. 
Published: April 2012

Purpose:To accurately reconstruct, and interactively reshape 3D anatomy structures' surfaces using small numbers of 2D contours drawn in the most visually informative views of 3D imagery. The innovation of this program is that the number of 2D contours can be very much smaller than the number of transverse sections, even for anatomy structures spanning many sections. This program can edit 3D structures from prior segmentations, including those from autosegmentation programs. The reconstruction and surface editing works with any image modality.Methods:Structures are represented by variational implicit surfaces defined by weighted sums of radial basis functions (RBFs). Such surfaces are smooth, continuous, and closed and can be reconstructed with RBFs optimally located to efficiently capture shape in any combination of transverse (T), sagittal (S), and coronal (C) views. The accuracy of implicit surface reconstructions was measured by comparisons with the corresponding expert‐contoured surfaces in 103 prostate cancer radiotherapy plans. Editing a pre‐existing surface is done by overdrawing its profiles in image views spanning the affected part of the structure, deleting an appropriate set of prior RBFs, and merging the remainder with the new edit contour RBFs. Two methods were devised to identify RBFs to be deleted based only on the geometry of the initial surface and the locations of the new RBFs.Results:Expert‐contoured surfaces were compared with implicit surfaces reconstructed from them over varying numbers and combinations of T/S/C planes. Studies revealed that surface–surface agreement increases monotonically with increasing RBF‐sample density, and that the rate of increase declines over the same range. These trends were observed for all surface agreement metrics and for all the organs studied—prostate, bladder, and rectum. In addition, S and C contours may convey more shape information than T views for CT studies in which the axial slice thickness is greater than the pixel size. Surface editing accuracy likewise improves with larger sampling densities, and the rate of improvement similarly declines over the same conditions.Conclusions:Implicit surfaces based on RBFs are accurate representations of anatomic structures and can be interactively generated or modified to correct segmentation errors. The number of input contours is typically smaller than the number of T contours spanned by the structure.
Serum IgG Responses and Seroconversion Patterns to Cryptosporidium gp15 among Children in a Birth Cohort in South India
Authors: Sarkar Rajiv , Ajjampur Sitara Swarna Rao , Muliyil Jayaprakash , Ward Honorine , Naumova Elena N. , Kang Gagandeep 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe correlates of protective immunity to cryptosporidiosis are not well understood. This study was conducted to assess the effect of maternal serum IgG againstCryptosporidiumgp15 on responses to this antigen in children with (cases) and without (controls) PCR-confirmed cryptosporidial diarrhea. Maternal sera (n= 129) and sera from cases (n= 39) and controls (n= 90) collected at 3.5, 9, and 24 months of age were tested for serum IgG againstCryptosporidiumgp15 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seroconversion patterns were evaluated by estimating probabilities of seroconversion along three time points based on the transition pathways by using a first-order Markov chain process and empirical Bayesian estimates. There was no difference in serum IgG levels or seropositivity rates to gp15 between cases and controls across all time points in children or in IgG levels to this antigen between mothers of cases and controls. The most common transition pathway can be described as a seronegative child at 3.5 months who seroconverts at 9 months and remains seropositive at 24 months. This pattern remained stable irrespective of the serological status of the mother or the case or control status of the child. Children were most likely to be exposed toCryptosporidiumfor the first time between the ages of 3 and 9 months, and most of the children seroconverted by 24 months. The high degree of seroconversion among control children is suggestive of high rates of asymptomatic transmission in this region.
Gender as risk factor for 30 days post-discharge hospital utilisation: a secondary data analysis
Authors: Woz Shaula , Mitchell Suzanne , Hesko Caroline , Paasche-Orlow Michael , Greenwald Jeffrey , Chetty V K , O'Donnell Julie , Jack Brian 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveIn the 30 days after hospital discharge, hospital utilisation is common and costly. This study evaluated the association between gender and hospital utilisation within 30 days of discharge.DesignSecondary data analysis using Poisson regression stratified by gender.Participants737 English-speaking hospitalised adults from general medical service in urban, academic safety-net medical centre who participated in the Project Re-Engineered clinical trial (clinicaltrials.gov identifier:NCT00252057).Main outcome measureThe primary end point was hospital utilisation, defined as total emergency department visits and hospital readmissions within 30 days after index discharge.ResultsFemale subjects had a rate of 29 events for every 100 people and male subjects had a rate of 47 events for every 100 people (incident rate ratio (IRR) 1.62, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.06). Among men, risk factors included hospital utilisation in the 6 months prior to the index hospitalisation (IRR 3.55, 95% CI 2.38 to 5.29), being unmarried (IRR 1.72, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.64), having a positive depression screen (IRR 1.53, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.13) and no primary care physician (PCP) visit within 30 days (IRR 1.64, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.50). Among women, the only risk factor was hospital utilisation in the 6 months prior to the index hospitalisation (IRR 3.08, 95% CI 1.86 to 5.10).ConclusionsIn our data, male subjects had a higher rate of hospital utilisation within 30 days of discharge than female subjects. For men—but not for women—risk factors were being retired, unmarried, having depressive symptoms and having no PCP visit within 30 days. Interventions addressing these factors might lower hospital utilisation rates observed among men.
Characteristics of Observed Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Associated with Temperature Extremes over North America
Authors: Loikith Paul C. , Broccoli Anthony J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Motivated by a desire to understand the physical mechanisms involved in future anthropogenic changes in extreme temperature events, the key atmospheric circulation patterns associated with extreme daily temperatures over North America in the current climate are identified. The findings show that warm extremes at most locations are associated with positive 500-hPa geopotential height and sea level pressure anomalies just downstream with negative anomalies farther upstream. The orientation, physical characteristics, and spatial scale of these circulation patterns vary based on latitude, season, and proximity to important geographic features (i.e., mountains, coastlines). The anomaly patterns associated with extreme cold events tend to be similar to, but opposite in sign of, those associated with extreme warm events, especially within the westerlies, and tend to scale with temperature in the same locations. Circulation patterns aloft are more coherent across the continent than those at the surface where local surface features influence the occurrence of and patterns associated with extreme temperature days. Temperature extremes may be more sensitive to small shifts in circulation at locations where temperature is strongly influenced by mountains or large water bodies, or at the margins of important large-scale circulation patterns making such locations more susceptible to nonlinear responses to future climate change. The identification of these patterns and processes will allow for a thorough evaluation of the ability of climate models to realistically simulate extreme temperatures and their future trends.
Combined Diagram: A Graphical Representation of Combination Evaporation Rates
Authors: Muñoz Ricardo C. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Combination methods estimate the partition of sensible and latent heat fluxes at the surface by combining the surface energy balance equation with the transfer equations for temperature and water vapor in the atmospheric surface layer. This paper presents a diagram that graphically depicts the main assumptions and steps of the method. Potential, apparent potential, and actual evaporation rates are visually explained with the diagram. Using a linearized saturation water content relation, the diagram permits the derivation of many of the combination evaporation results by means of geometrical analysis. The diagram should be helpful in the teaching and understanding of the combination methodology.
Estimating Suppression of Eddy Mixing by Mean Flows
Authors: Klocker Andreas , Ferrari Raffaele , LaCasce Joseph H. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Particle- and tracer-based estimates of lateral diffusivities are used to estimate the suppression of eddy mixing across strong currents. Particles and tracers are advected using a velocity field derived from sea surface height measurements from the South Pacific, in a region west of Drake Passage. This velocity field has been used in a companion paper to show that both particle- and tracer-based estimates of eddy diffusivities are equivalent, despite recent claims to the contrary. These estimates of eddy diffusivities are here analyzed to show 1) that the degree of suppression of mixing across the strong Antarctic Circumpolar Current is correctly predicted by mixing length theory modified to include eddy propagation along the mean flow and 2) that the suppression can be inferred from particle trajectories by studying the structure of the autocorrelation function of the particle velocities beyond the first zero crossing. These results are then used to discuss how to compute lateral and vertical variations in eddy diffusivities using floats and drifters in the real ocean.
The Pretornadic Phase of the Goshen County, Wyoming, Supercell of 5 June 2009 Intercepted by VORTEX2. Part II: Intensification of Low-Level Rotation
Authors: Markowski Paul , Richardson Yvette , Marquis James , Davies-Jones Robert , Wurman Joshua , Kosiba Karen , Robinson Paul , Rasmussen Erik , Dowell David 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The dynamical processes responsible for the intensification of low-level rotation prior to tornadogenesis are investigated in the Goshen County, Wyoming, supercell of 5 June 2009 intercepted by the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2). The circulation of material circuits that converge upon the low-level mesocyclone is principally acquired along the southern periphery of the forward-flank precipitation region, which is a corridor characterized by a horizontal buoyancy gradient; thus, much of the circulation appears to have been baroclinically generated. The descending reflectivity core (DRC) documented in Part I of this paper has an important modulating influence on the circulation of the material circuits. A circuit that converges upon the low-level mesocyclone center prior to the DRC’s arrival at low levels (approximately the arrival of the 55-dBZ reflectivity isosurface in this case) loses some of its previously acquired circulation during the final few minutes of its approach. In contrast, a circuit that approaches the low-level mesocyclone center after the DRC arrives at low levels does not experience the same adversity.
An analysis of the evolution of angular momentum within a circular control disk centered on the low-level mesocyclone reveals that the area-averaged angular momentum in the nearby surroundings of the low-level mesocyclone increases while the mesocyclone is occluding and warm-sector air is being displaced from the near surroundings. The occlusion process reduces the overall negative vertical flux of angular momentum into the control disk and enables the area-averaged angular momentum to continue increasing even though the positive radial influx of angular momentum is decreasing in time.
Modernity and Subjectivity: Enabling Asian Consciousness of Multi-Identity
Authors: Cha In-Suk 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article discusses the dynamic between modernization of Asian cultures and societies and the process of multi- or transculturalization that characterizes an increasingly globalized world. It discusses the concrete case of the Alliance of Civilizations, and studies the possible ways to combine specific Asian axiology with a democratic organization of society. It claims that modernization is not only a social process, but the result of an individual education, and argues in favor of a grow-ing network of civic society, calling for international development ethics and global governance as a resource for governments and citizens. It concludes that the more courses in the issues of international development are taught in those Asian universities that will accommodate them, the better. On the other hand, the concern with these issues should reach secondary education in every nation as awareness of both self and other is paramount to subjectivity.
Inherent Dignity: The Essence of Human Rights (or How to Get from Dignity to Political Power)
Authors: Biletzki Anat 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe UDHR posits a conjunction of dignity and rights as the basis of ‘‘freedom, justice and peace in the world’’. This paper distinguishes between the two, viewing human dignity itself as the ultimate - even though enigmatic - foundation of human rights. Although originally seen as under the purview of sovereign states (while still being international), human rights have travelled into the more amorphous territory of civil community. It is, indeed, now fashionable to address civil community (aka civil society) as both the locale for discussion of human rights and the provider of actors (aka NGOs) on the human rights stage. However, this well-meant move harbors a distancing from the centers of power, which should remain responsible and, more so, accountable for human rights. B’Tselem, a leading Israeli human rights organization, is used as a case study and illustration of this problematic relation between civil community and political power.
Governance, Sovereignty and Profane Hope in a Globalised Catastrophe-World
Authors: Naishtat Francisco 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis is a paper in political philosophy. It starts by an analysis of Walter Benjamin’s notion of ‘‘baroque sovereignty’’ as an implicit transformation of Schimitt’s categories of sovereignty, decision and state of exception. It then discusses whether the dynamic between these concepts, as emanating from Benjamin’s work, is fit to make diagnosis of our own current condition, marked by fragilised sovereignties, by global-intensive governance apparatuses and by a horizon-less cata-strophe-world in which, paradoxically, the vision of the world diminishes in proportion as its technological visibility becomes ever greater through the simultaneous and instantaneous availability of images. To this effect, it discusses different theses in contemporary political reflection, and takes these concepts onto a concrete political and social situation, i.e. contemporary Argentina.
Social Gender Identities and Civil Liberties: The Law and Reality
Authors: Djossou Ariane 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper invites reflection on the gap between law and facts about the equality of women and men as to effective enjoyment of civil liberties. It discusses the question whether the universality of human rights is translatable into real life without referring back to social gender identity. It mainly focuses on West African case studies, particularly Benin, to examine different experiences of gendered civil liberties, and the way how constitutional legislation and other kinds of legal instruments are applied differently according to gender.
Chronicle: Renée Vivien, From One Century to Another
Authors: Albert Nicole G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this paper, Nicole G. Albert presents a critical portrait of Anglo-French writer Renée Vivien (1877-1909), a major figure of the so-called feminine literature of the turn of the century. By analyzing several of her poems, Albert argues that Renée Vivien’s work is marked by a sometimes fatal conception of love, a view of sexual pleasure that is always Sapphic in nature, and a very unconventional idea of the feminine condition. Her homosexuality, her condemnation of marriage, her scorn for family and her absolute refusal of motherhood distinguish her from her contemporaries, and make of her an author worth being rediscovered and studied.
The Ontology of Coexistence: From Cogito to Facio
Authors: Tingyang Zhao 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper discusses crisis from the standpoint of philosophical ideas. It argues that philosophy, as a structure of our deep understanding of the world, has been derailed by metaphysics of things for a long time, and claims that a philosophical turn to a metaphysics of facts might be a useful tool to rethink the problems of the world. It considers ‘‘relational rationality’’ as a key theoretical feature to change human coexistence, and conceives coexistence as prior to individual existence. It finally discusses the relations between human duties or obligations and rights.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction Between Tolvaptan and Warfarin in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Shoaf Susan E. , Mallikaarjun Suresh 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose: Tolvaptan, a nonpeptide V2 receptor antagonist approved in Japan and in the United States, is likely to be co‐administered with warfarin in patients with heart failure (HF). Therefore, the effect of tolvaptan on warfarin pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and protein binding was evaluated. Methods: An open‐label, randomized, 2‐period crossover trial was conducted involving healthy subjects (N = 24) administered 25 mg warfarin sodium on day 4 of a 13‐day regimen of either 60 mg once daily tolvaptan or matching placebo. Blood samples were taken over 240 hours postdose for analysis of tolvaptan, R‐ and S‐warfarin, and 7‐ and 10‐hydroxywarfarin concentrations and for the measurement of activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and international normalized ratio. Results: For S‐warfarin, the geometric mean ratios (warfarin+tolvaptan/warfarin alone; 90% confidence interval) for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC∞) were 1.09 (1.05, 1.12) and 1.09 (1.04, 1.13), respectively. Corresponding ratios for R‐warfarin were 1.06 (1.02, 1.09) and 1.05 (1.01, 1.11), respectively. No changes were observed in 7‐ or 10‐hydroxywarfarin Cmax or AUC∞ values, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and international normalized ratio. The protein binding of racemic warfarin and tolvaptan was not significantly altered by the presence of the other compound. Conclusion: Warfarin doses do not need to be altered when co‐administered with tolvaptan.
Structural tuning of photoluminescence in nanoporous anodic alumina by hard anodization in oxalic and malonic acids
Authors: Santos Abel , Alba Maria , Rahman Mahbubur M , Formentín Pilar , Ferré-Borrull Josep , Pallarès Josep , Marsal Lluis F 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
We report on an exhaustive and systematic study about the photoluminescent properties of nanoporous anodic alumina membranes fabricated by the one-step anodization process under hard conditions in oxalic and malonic acids. This optical property is analysed as a function of several parameters (i.e. hard anodization voltage, pore diameter, membrane thickness, annealing temperature and acid electrolyte). This analysis makes it possible to tune the photoluminescent behaviour at will simply by modifying the structural characteristics of these membranes. This structural tuning ability is of special interest in such fields as optoelectronics, in which an accurate design of the basic nanostructures (e.g. microcavities, resonators, filters, supports, etc.) yields the control over their optical properties and, thus, upon the performance of the nanodevices derived from them (biosensors, interferometers, selective filters, etc.)