bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-dose supplemental selenite to male Syrian hamsters fed hypercholesterolaemic diets altersLdlr,Abcg8andNpc1l1mRNA expression and lowers plasma cholesterol concentrations
Authors: Poirier Johanne , Cockell Kevin A. , Scoggan Kylie A. , Nimal Ratnayake W. M. , Rocheleau Hélène , Gruber Heidi , Swist Eleonora , Griffin Philip , Gagnon Claude , Kubow Stan 
Published: December 2011

The aim of the present study was to elucidate possible cholesterol-lowering mechanism(s) of high-dose supplemental Se in the form of selenite, a known hypocholesterolaemic agent. Male Syrian hamsters (four groups, ten per group) were fed semi-purified diets for 4 weeks containing 0·1 % cholesterol and 15 % saturated fat with selenite corresponding to varying levels of Se: (1) Se 0·15 parts per million (ppm), control diet; (2) Se 0·85 ppm; (3) Se 1·7 ppm; (4) Se 3·4 ppm. Lipids were measured in the bile, faeces, liver and plasma. The mRNA expression of several known regulators of cholesterol homeostasis (ATP-binding cassette transportersg5(Abcg5) andg8(Abcg8), 7-hydroxylase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, LDL receptor (LdLr)and Nieman-Pick C1-like 1 protein (Npc1l1)) were measured in the liver and/or jejunum. Oxysterols including 24-(S)-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) were measured in the liver. Significantly lower total plasma cholesterol concentrations were observed in hamsters consuming the low (0·85 ppm) and high (3·4 ppm) Se doses. The two highest doses of Se resulted in decreased plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations and increased mRNA levels of hepaticAbcg8,Ldlrand jejunalLdlr.Higher hepatic 27-OHC and TAG concentrations and lower levels of jejunalNpc1l1mRNA expression were noted in the 1·7 and 3·4 ppm Se-treated hamsters. Overall, Se-induced tissue changes in mRNA expression including increased hepaticAbcg8andLdlr, increased jejunalLdlrand decreased jejunalNpc1l1, provide further elucidation regarding the hypocholesterolaemic mechanisms of action of Se in the form of selenite.
A gestational low-protein diet represses p21WAF1/Cip1expression in the mammary gland of offspring rats through promoter histone modifications
Authors: Zheng Shasha , Rollet Michelle , Yang Kefeng , Pan Yuan-Xiang 
Published: December 2011

Maternal exposure to environmental agents throughout pregnancy may change certain metabolic processes during the offspring's mammary gland development and alter the epigenome. This may predispose the offspring to breast cancer later in life. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of maternal protein restriction on the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21) gene expression in the mammary gland of rat offspring. Timed-mated Sprague–Dawley rats were fed one of the two isoenergetic diets, control (C, 18 % casein) or low protein (LP, 9 % casein), during gestation. Compared with the C group, LP offspring showed a decrease ofp21in the mammary gland at both the mRNA and protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that the down-regulation ofp21transcription in LP offspring was associated with reduced acetylation of histone H3 and dimethylation of H3K4 within thep21promoter region, but was not associated with acetylation of histone H4 or histone methylation. DNA methylation analysis using bisulphite sequencing did not detect differences in methylation at thep21promoter between the offspring of the C and LP groups. We conclude that maternal protein restriction inhibitsp21gene expression in the mammary gland of offspring through histone modifications at the promoter region of thep21gene.
ON THE SPECTRA OF PISOT NUMBERS
Authors: ZAIMI TOUFIK 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLet θ be a real number greater than 1, and let (()) be the fractional part function. Then, θ is said to be a Z-number if there is a non-zero real number λ such that ((λθn)) < for all n ∈ ℕ. Dubickas (A. Dubickas, Even and odd integral parts of powers of a real number, Glasg. Math. J., 48 (2006), 331–336) showed that strong Pisot numbers are Z-numbers. Here it is proved that θ is a strong Pisot number if and only if there exists λ ≠ 0 such that ((λα)) < for all$\alpha \in \{ \theta ^{n}\mid n\in \mathbb{N}\} \cup \{ \sum\nolimits_{n=0}^{N}\theta ^{n}\mid \mathit{\}N\in \mathbb{N}\}$. Also, the following characterisation of Pisot numbers among real numbers greater than 1 is shown: θ is a Pisot number ⇔ ∃ λ ≠ 0 such that$\Vert \lambda \alpha \Vert <\frac{1}{% 3}$for all$\alpha \in \{ \sum\nolimits_{n=0}^{N}a_{n}\theta ^{n}\mid$an ∈ {0,1}, N ∈ ℕ}, where ‖λα‖ = min{((λα)), 1 − ((λα))}.
ON FLATNESS COVERS OF CYCLIC ACTS OVER MONOIDS
Authors: QIAO HUSHENG , WANG LIMIN 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe covers of cyclic acts over monoids were investigated by Mahmoudi and Renshaw (M. Mahmoudi and J. Renshaw, On covers of cyclic acts over monoids,Semigroup Forum77(2008), 325–338) and the authors posed some open problems. In the present paper, we give answers to their problems 1 and 5, and we also give a sufficient and necessary condition that a cyclic act has a weakly pullback flat cover.
UNIQUENESS OF COMPLETE HYPERSURFACES WITH BOUNDED HIGHER ORDER MEAN CURVATURES IN SEMI-RIEMANNIAN WARPED PRODUCTS
Authors: AQUINO C. P. , DE LIMA H. F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we deal with complete hypersurfaces immersed with bounded higher order mean curvatures in steady state-type spacetimes and in hyperbolic-type spaces. By applying a generalised maximum principle for the Yau's square operator [11], we obtain uniqueness results in each of these ambient spaces.
MULTIPLE POSITIVE SOLUTIONS OF RESONANT AND NON-RESONANT NON-LOCAL FOURTH-ORDER BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS
Authors: WEBB J. R. L. , ZIMA M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe study the existence of positive solutions for equations of the form

where 0 < ω < π, subject to various non-local boundary conditions defined in terms of the Riemann–Stieltjes integrals. We prove the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for these boundary value problems in both resonant and non-resonant cases. We discuss the resonant case by making a shift and considering an equivalent non-resonant problem.
Affective symptoms and intra-individual variability in the short-term course of cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder
Authors: Depp C. A. , Savla G. N. , de Dios L. A. Vergel , Mausbach B. T. , Palmer B. W. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundFew studies have examined the short-term course of cognitive impairments in bipolar disorder (BD). Key questions are whether trajectories in symptoms covary with cognitive function and whether BD is associated with increased intra-individual variability in cognitive abilities.MethodForty-two out-patients with BD and 49 normal comparison (NC) subjects were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests at baseline, 6, 12 and 26 weeks, along with concurrent ratings of depressive and manic symptom severity. Mixed-effects regressions were used to model relationships between time, diagnosis and symptom severity on composite cognitive performance. Within-person variance in cognitive functioning across time was calculated for each subject.ResultsBD patients had significantly worse performance in cognitive ability across time points, but both groups showed significant improvement in cognitive performance over repeated assessments (consistent with expected practice effects). BD was associated with significantly greater intra-individual variability in cognitive ability than NCs; within-person variation was negatively related to baseline cognitive ability in BD but not NC subjects. Changes in affective symptoms over time did not predict changes in cognitive ability.ConclusionsModerate changes in affective symptoms did not covary with cognitive ability in BD. The finding of elevated intra-individual variability in BD may reduce capacity to estimate trajectories of cognitive ability in observational and treatment studies.
A survey on spectral multiplicities of ergodic actions
Authors: DANILENKO ALEXANDRE I. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGiven a transformationTof a standard measure space (X,μ), let ℳ(T) denote the set of spectral multiplicities of the Koopman operatorUTdefined in$L^2(X,\mu )\ominus \Bbb C$byUTf:=f∘T. In this survey paper we discuss which subsets of$\Bbb N\cup \{\infty \}$are realizable as ℳ(T) for variousT: ergodic, weakly mixing, mixing, Gaussian, Poisson, ergodic infinite measure-preserving, etc. The corresponding constructions are considered in detail. Generalizations to actions of Abelian locally compact second countable groups are also discussed.
Dietary habits of partly breast-fed and completely weaned infants at 9 months of age
Authors: Gondolf Ulla Holmboe , Tetens Inge , Michaelsen Kim Fleischer , Trolle Ellen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo test whether there are differences in diet diversity between children still being partly breast-fed at 9 months and those completely weaned at the same age.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCross-sectional study (SKOT cohort) in the area of Copenhagen, Denmark.SubjectsHealthy term infants (n312) at 9 months of age (mean 9·1 (sd0·3) months).ResultsThe infants partly breast-fed (n168) at 9 months had significantly lower body weight (P< 0·0001), were significantly shorter (P= 0·0022) and were introduced to complementary foods significantly later (P< 0·0001) than completely weaned infants (n141) of similar age. Furthermore, they had lower intake of energy, both in absolute amount (P< 0·0001) and per kilogram of body weight (P= 0·049). Significantly lower intakes of most energy-yielding nutrients, in absolute amounts and as energy percentages, were seen for the partly breast-fed compared with the completely weaned infants. These differences appear to be caused primarily by differences in the type and amount of milk consumed, as the energy derived from sources other than milk was similar except for fatty spread and vegetables as a side dish. Only small differences were found for absolute intakes of foods between feeding groups, although fatty spread had significantly higher intake rates and consumption (P= 0·031) among partly breast-fed compared with completely weaned infants.ConclusionsAt 9 months the infants partly breast-fed did not eat a less diversified diet compared with those completely weaned at the same age. Despite later introduction to complementary foods compared with the completely weaned, their intake of foods was similar and no delay in their progression towards the family foods was noted.
Epidemiological simulation modeling and spatial analysis for foot-and-mouth disease control strategies: a comprehensive review
Authors: Premashthira Sith , Salman Mo D. , Hill Ashley E. , Reich Robin M. , Wagner Bruce A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most serious transboundary, contagious viral diseases of cloven-hoofed livestock, because it can spread rapidly with high morbidity rates when introduced into disease-free herds or areas. Epidemiological simulation modeling can be developed to study the hypothetical spread of FMD and to evaluate potential disease control strategies that can be implemented to decrease the impact of an outbreak or to eradicate the virus from an area. Spatial analysis, a study of the distributions of events in space, can be applied to an area to investigate the spread of animal disease. Hypothetical FMD outbreaks can be spatially analyzed to evaluate the effect of the event under different control strategies. The main objective of this paper is to review FMD-related articles on FMD epidemiology, epidemiological simulation modeling and spatial analysis with the focus on disease control. This review will contribute to the development of models used to simulate FMD outbreaks under various control strategies, and to the application of spatial analysis to assess the outcome of FMD spread and its control.
Source and formation of secondary particulate matter in PM2.5 in Asian continental outflow
Authors: Feng J. L. , Guo Z. G. , Zhang T. R. , Yao X. H. , Chan C. K. , Fang M. 
Published: December 2011

Fifty‐five 48‐h PM2.5 samples were collected from March 2003 to January 2004 at Changdao, a resort island in Bohai Sea/Yellow Sea in Northern China. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium accounted for 54 ± 9% of the PM2.5 mass concentration (annual average 47 μg m−3) while organic matter and K+ contributed to 27 ± 7% and 7 ± 7% of the total mass, respectively. The ratios of SO42− to NO3− mass concentrations could be divided into two regimes and demarcated at nitrate concentration of 5 μg m−3. In the low NO3− regime, NO3−, SO42− and EC were well correlated to K+, and the estimated contributions of NO3−, SO42− and EC from biomass burning were 50 ± 27%, 38 ± 24% and 47 ± 27%, respectively. These correlations substantially decreased in the high NO3− regime reflecting fossil fuel combustion and formation of ammonium nitrate and the estimated contributions of NO3−, SO42− and EC from biomass burning were 16 ± 12%, 28 ± 18% and 27 ± 16%, respectively. In most samples, the equivalent ratios of total anion to total cation concentrations were greater than unity, suggesting that the aerosols were acidic. When [H+] > 0, a moderately good linear correlation of the estimated aerosol acidity [H+] with the water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC) was observed with R2 = 0.70 and an increase of [H+] by 100 neq m−3 would increase 1.2 μg m−3 WSOC in PM2.5. When [H+] > 0, an increase of [H+] by 100 neq m−3 would increase 1.4 μg m−3 of secondary organic carbon (SOC) in PM2.5. Moreover, the correlation analysis result suggested that 60% of the estimated SOC (on average) in PM2.5 were water‐soluble.
Infrared absorption of gaseous benzoylperoxy radical C6H5C(O)OO recorded with a step-scan Fourier-transform spectrometer
Authors: Golec Barbara , Chen Jin-Dah , Lee Yuan-Pern 
Published: December 2011

A step-scan Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer coupled with a multipass absorption cell was utilized to monitor the transient species produced in gaseous reactions of benzoyl radical, C6H5CO, with O2. C6H5CO was produced either from photolysis of acetophenone, C6H5C(O)CH3, at 248 nm, or from photolysis of a mixture of benzaldehyde, C6H5CHO, and Cl2 at 355 nm. Two intense bands near 1830 and 1226 cm−1 are assigned to the C=O stretching (ν6) and the C−C stretching mixed with C−H deformation (ν13) modes, and two weaker bands near 1187 and 1108 cm−1 are assigned to the ν14 (C−H deformation) and ν16 (O−O stretching /C−H deformation) modes of C6H5C(O)OO, the benzoylperoxy radical. These observed vibrational wave numbers and relative infrared intensities agree with those reported for syn-C6H5C(O)OO isolated in solid Ar and values predicted for syn-C6H5C(O)OO with the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ method. The simulated rotational contours of the two intense bands based on rotational parameters predicted with the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ method fit satisfactorily with experimental results.
The impact of social influence on physical activity among adolescents – a longitudinal study
Authors: Bunke Sofia , Apitzsch Erwin , Bäckström Martin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of social support and negative social influence from various contexts on adolescents' current and intended physical activity (C&IPA) two years later. In addition, social influence related to C&IPA at baseline (16–17 years old) is compared to follow‐up (18–19 years old). Methods: Questionnaire data was obtained from 404 students at the age of 16–17 and again at the age of 18–19. Relationships among variables were examined with structural equation modelling (SEM). Results: Social influence experienced by high‐school students at 16–17 years of age had a direct suppressing effect and an indirect positive effect on their C&IPA two years later. Social support for physical activity was more complex and related to positive as well as negative relations at the age of 16–17 compared to two years later. Conclusions: The results imply that social support to adolescents should be offered over a longer period of time, with increased focus on its significance as a link from an initially external regulation to a more internal regulation of physical activity as students get older. Closer examination of maintaining, pro‐activating and intervening effects of social support could enhance our understanding of direct and indirect effects of social support on physical activity.
Effects of different types of exercise on muscle mass, strength, function and well‐being in elderly
Authors: Solberg Paul André , Kvamme Nils Helge , Raastad Truls , Ommundsen Yngvar , Tomten Sissel Erland , Halvari Hallgeir , Loland Nina Waaler , Hallén Jostein 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPoor muscle strength and physical function have been associated with higher risk of hospitalisation and lower well‐being among the elderly. Physical training increases muscle strength, endurance and physical function as well as psychological outcomes. Exercise among older adults is often used to improve these variables, but few have compared the effects of different types of training in parallel independent groups. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of three different types of training on body composition, muscle strength, physical function and well‐being in the elderly. A total of 118 community‐dwelling older adults (mean age 74.3, s=4.6 years, 68% women) completed a 13‐week randomised controlled exercise‐trial involving four groups: traditional strength training (STG), functional strength training (FTG), endurance training (ETG) and control (CON). Stair climb with load improved more in FTG than CON (P<0.05), and the two strength groups performed better in the functional upper body test (P<0.05). STG increased strength more than CON in all exercises (P<0.001), while FTG increased strength more than CON in the chest press, shoulder press and knee extension (P<0.05). Lean body mass (LBM) increased in all training groups, which differed significantly from CON (P<0.05). ETG decreased their fat mass compared to CON (P<0.001). The only significant effect on well‐being indices was improved life satisfaction in FTG at week 5 (P<0.05). We also observed significant correlations between change in some of the functional tests and change in positive affect.All three types of training can enhance physical capacity. Functional strength training can be a cost effective form of training in terms of less demand for instructors and equipment and could be an effective way to improve physical function, strength and indices of well‐being in the elderly.
Regulation of High-Affinity Nitrate Uptake in Roots of Arabidopsis Depends Predominantly on Posttranscriptional Control of the NRT2.1/NAR2.1 Transport System
Authors: Laugier Edith , Bouguyon Eléonore , Mauriès Adeline , Tillard Pascal , Gojon Alain , Lejay Laurence 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the NRT2.1 gene codes for the main component of the root nitrate (NO3 −) high-affinity transport system (HATS). Due to the strong correlation generally found between high-affinity root NO3 − influx and NRT2.1 mRNA level, it has been postulated that transcriptional regulation of NRT2.1 is a key mechanism for modulation of the HATS activity. However, this hypothesis has never been demonstrated, and is challenged by studies suggesting the occurrence of posttranscriptional regulation at the NRT2.1 protein level. To unambiguously clarify the respective roles of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulations of NRT2.1, we generated transgenic lines expressing a functional 35S::NRT2.1 transgene in an atnrt2.1 mutant background. Despite a high and constitutive NRT2.1 transcript accumulation in the roots, the HATS activity was still down-regulated in the 35S::NRT2.1 transformants in response to repressive nitrogen or dark treatments that strongly reduce NRT2.1 transcription and NO3 − HATS activity in the wild type. In some treatments, this was associated with a decline of NRT2.1 protein abundance, indicating posttranscriptional regulation of NRT2.1. However, in other instances, NRT2.1 protein level remained constant. Changes in abundance of NAR2.1, a partner protein of NRT2.1, closely followed those of NRT2.1, and thus could not explain the close-to-normal regulation of the HATS in the 35S::NRT2.1 transformants. Even if in certain conditions the transcriptional regulation of NRT2.1 contributes to a limited extent to the control of the HATS, we conclude from this study that posttranscriptional regulation of NRT2.1 and/or NAR2.1 plays a predominant role in the control of the NO3 − HATS in Arabidopsis.
Correlations and agreement between delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in blood plasma and timeline follow‐back (TLFB)‐assisted self‐reported use of cannabis of patients with cannabis use disorder and psychotic illness attending the CapOpus randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hjorthøj Carsten Rygaard , Fohlmann Allan , Larsen Anne‐Mette , Arendt Mikkel , Nordentoft Merete 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To assess correlations and agreement between timeline follow‐back (TLFB)‐assisted self‐report and blood samples for cannabis use.Design  Secondary analysis of a randomized trial.Setting  Copenhagen, Denmark.Participants  One hundred and three patients from the CapOpus trial with cannabis use disorder and psychosis, providing 239 self‐reports of cannabis use and 88 valid blood samples.Measurements  Delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11‐hydroxy‐delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (11‐OH‐THC) and 11‐nor‐delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol‐9‐carboxylic acid (THC‐COOH) detected in plasma using high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection. Self‐report of cannabis‐use last month by TLFB. Pearson's r, sensitivity and specificity calculated as measures of correlation or agreement.Findings  Correlations were strong; r = 0.75 for number of days and r = 0.83 for number of standard joints in the preceding month when excluding outliers. Including outliers, coefficients were moderate to strong (r = 0.49). There were differences in subgroups, mainly inconsistent, depending on inclusion or exclusion of outliers. Sensitivity and specificity for TLFB detecting the presence or absence of cannabis use were 95.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 88.0–99.1%) and 72.2% (95% CI 46.5–90.3%), respectively. Using 19 days as cut‐off on TLFB, they were 94.3% (95% CI 86.0–98.4%) and 94.4% (95% CI 72.2–99.9%), respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.96.Conclusions  Timeline follow‐back (TLFB)‐assisted self‐report of cannabis use correlates highly with plasma‐delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with comorbid cannabis use disorder and psychosis. Sensitivity and specificity of timeline follow‐back appear to be optimized with 19 days as the cut‐off point. As such, timeline follow‐back may be superior to analysis of blood when going beyond 19 days of recall.