bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing the aging man in Asia: A review
Authors: Tong Seng Fah , Ho Christopher , Tan Hui Meng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aging man is becoming a major burden to Asian countries because of the current poor health status of Asian men and the aging Asian population. Life expectancy at birth for men is shorter than women by an average of 4 years in Asian countries and major causes of death are cardiovascular disease, cancers, injuries and infections. However, there are considerable variations between Asian countries because of great disparity in socioeconomic status. Male‐specific disorders, such as male sexual health and urological conditions, are other major health burdens because they have a great impact on men's quality of life. More importantly, many risk factors to the causes of mortality and morbidities, such as high‐risk behavior and smoking, can be improved with health promotion and early intervention. The current evidence suggests that the poor health status of men is the result of their poor health care utilization, negative health‐seeking behavior, the adverse social environment for men and gender‐insensitive health care delivery. However, much evidence is still needed as Asian countries have great diversity in culture, societal values and men's needs. Asian time‐tested wisdom on a balanced healthy lifestyle to longevity should be explored as potential men's health promotional programs. Taking into account Asian men's health‐care needs, a gender‐streamlined approach and man‐friendly health care delivery should be on the national agenda in managing the aging man.
Comparison of the FreeHand® robotic camera holder with human assistants during endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy
Authors: Stolzenburg Jens‐Uwe , Franz Toni , Kallidonis Panagiotis , Minh Do , Dietel Anja , Hicks James , Nicolaus Martin , Al‐Aown Abdulrahman , Liatsikos Evangelos 
Published: October 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? The use of robotic arms for instrument and camera manipulation has been proposed for more than a decade. The current study provides a direct comparison of robotic camera movement to the conventional human camera holding assistance in real operative room setting.OBJECTIVE• To assess, in a prospective randomized study, the efficiency of the FreeHand® (Prosurgics Ltd, Bracknell, UK) compared to manual camera control during the performance of endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy (EERPE).PATIENTS AND METHODS• Three surgeons performed 50 EERPE for localized prostate cancer. In group A (n= 25), procedures were performed with manual control of the camera by the assistant, whereas group B (n= 25) patients were treated with the assistance of the FreeHand® robotic device.• The EERPE procedure was divided into several steps.• Total operation duration, time for each surgical step, number of camera movements, number of movement errors, number of times the lens was cleaned, blood loss and margin status were compared.RESULTS• No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of patient age, preoperative prostate‐specific antigen level, Gleason score, positive cores and prostate volume.• The average operation duration required for the performance of each step did not differ significantly between the two groups.• Significant differences in favour of the FreeHand® camera holder were observed in case of horizontal and zooming camera movement, camera cleaning and camera errors.• Vertical camera movements were performed significantly faster by the human assistant compared to the robotic camera holder.• The average total operation duration was similar for both groups.• Positive surgical margins were detected in one patient in each group (4% of the patients).CONCLUSIONS• A comparison of the FreeHand® robotic camera holder with human camera control during EERPE showed a similar time requirement for the performance of each step of the procedure.• The robotic system provided accurate and fast movements of the camera without compromising the outcome of the procedure.
Coeval thrusting and extension during lower crustal ductile flow – implications for exhumation of high‐grade metamorphic rocks
Authors: JAMIESON R. A. , BEAUMONT C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNumerical models of tectonic processes in large hot orogens offer insight into the styles, controls and consequences of ductile flow of middle and lower orogenic crust. We present results from crustal‐scale thermal‐mechanical models illustrating contrasting styles of syn‐ and post‐convergent ductile flow. Crustal viscosity in the models is controlled by temperature‐dependent flow laws, scaled to represent lithological strength variations. An additional viscosity decrease at high temperature can be imposed to represent weakening during incipient partial melting. Two end‐member tectonic styles, in which lower crustal flow is driven either by gravity or tectonics, develop in response to the initial properties and evolving strength of the model crust. Homogeneous channel flow, driven by the gravitational potential energy difference between a plateau and its foreland, is characteristic of Himalayan–Tibetan (HT‐series) models with relatively weak, laterally homogeneous crust and moderately high heat production. In contrast, Grenville Orogen (GO‐series) models with relatively strong, laterally heterogeneous crust do not reach the low effective viscosity (ηeff≤1019 Pa.s) required for gravity‐driven channel flow. Instead, tectonically driven lateral flow and explusion of lower crust is triggered by underthrusting of a strong indentor. The dominant structures are ductile fold nappes that may be transported hundreds of kilometres towards the foreland. When tectonic convergence is turned off, the model orogens undergo gravitational spreading, in which ductile middle and lower crust flow laterally from the plateau towards the foreland, driving thrusting on the orogenic flanks and ductile thinning in the orogenic core. The resulting geometry can resemble that produced by syn‐convergent ductile flow, except for the development of regional‐scale normal‐sense shear zones in the post‐convergent stage. Model feasibility is tested against data from the western Grenville Orogen in Ontario. The comparison suggests that high‐grade metamorphic rocks in the orogenic core record the effects of protracted syn‐ and post‐convergent ductile flow, whereas those on the flanks record mainly post‐convergent thrusting and extension. The models suggest a number of ways to distinguish among different styles of syn‐ and post‐convergent ductile flow; metamorphic P–T–t paths alone are not diagnostic of tectonic process without additional information on crustal‐scale structure and timing. In combination with erosion, both types of flow may contribute to exhumation of regionally extensive high‐grade gneiss terranes.
Assessing the unmet treatment need in partial‐onset epilepsy: Looking beyond seizure control
Authors: Schmitz Bettina , Montouris Georgia , Schäuble Barbara , Caleo Sue 
Published: October 2010

SummaryPatients with resistant epilepsy are often coprescribed multiple medications and are more likely to experience drug–drug interactions and adverse events (AEs). A new generation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) has been developed with improved safety/tolerability profiles. To evaluate the unmet treatment needs in epilepsy, a comprehensive search of the English‐language literature was conducted on Medline and other databases using the terms “partial epilepsy” and “focal seizure,” focusing on newer AEDs. Sixty‐nine articles were identified. Most patients experienced AEs, which were generally mild–moderate in severity. Drug–drug interactions existed for 6 of 11 AEDs for which data were available. There is evidence for depressive symptoms being associated with zonisamide, and mood‐stabilizing effects were shown for lamotrigine and pregabalin. Levetiracetam and eslicarbazepine improved cognitive function. Vigabatrin may increase the risk of developing psychosis. Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) was inversely correlated with seizure frequency. Discontinuation rates were often high, although treatment retention improved with slower dose titration. Adjunctive therapy with newer AEDs has the potential to enhance HRQoL and treatment continuation in patients with partial epilepsy. There remains room for improvement in the management of epilepsy, and better treatments and longer‐term trials are needed to meet the special requirements of refractory patients.
Understanding the Death Benefit Switch Option in Universal Life Policies
Authors: Gatzert Nadine , Schmitt‐Hoermann Gudrun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUniversal life policies are the most popular insurance contract design in the United States. They provide either a level death benefit paying a fixed face amount or an increasing death benefit paying a fixed benefit plus the available cash value, and both types include the option to switch from one type to the other. In this article, we investigate the fact that—unlike a switch from level to increasing—a switch from an increasing death benefit to a level death benefit requires neither fees nor evidence of insurability. To assess the impact of the death benefit switch option, we develop a model framework of an increasing universal life insurance policy embedding this option. Consideration of heterogeneity with respect to mortality via a stochastic differential mortality factor enables an investigation of adverse exercise behavior. In a comprehensive simulation analysis, we quantify the net present value of the option from the insurer's perspective using risk‐neutral valuation under stochastic interest rates assuming empirical exercise probabilities. Based on our results, we provide policy recommendations for life insurers.
Risk Aversion and the Value of Risk to Life
Authors: Bommier Antoine , Villeneuve Bertrand 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe standard literature on the value of life relies on Yaari’s (1965) model, which includes an implicit assumption of risk neutrality with respect to life duration. To overpass this limitation, we extend the theory to a simple variety of preferences that are not necessarily additively separable. The enlargement we propose is relevant for the evaluation of life‐saving programs: current practice, we estimate, puts too little weight on mortality risk reduction of the young. Our correction exceeds in magnitude that introduced by the switch from the notion of number of lives saved to the notion of years of life saved.
Immunohistochemical expression of mismatch repair genes (hMSH2 and hMLH1) in hepatocellular carcinoma in Egypt
Authors: HELAL THANAA E.A. , KHAMIS NAHED S. , EL‐SHARKAWY TAREK M. , NADA OLA H. , RADWAN NEHAL A. 
Published: October 2010

Helal TEA, Khamis NS, El‐Sharkawy TM, Nada OH, Radwan NA. Immunohistochemical expression of mismatch repair genes (hMSH2 and hMLH1) in hepatocellular carcinoma in Egypt. APMIS 2010; 118: 934–40.Egypt has the highest prevalence rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the world. HCV contributes to the development of about 70% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases. Understanding the molecular basis of hepatocarcinogenesis is important for planning the therapeutic regimen for HCC patients. To clarify the possible role of mismatch repair (MMR) genes in HCV‐related HCC, we studied 50 HCV‐related HCC specimens (28 of which were with adjacent non‐cancerous cirrhotic liver tissue, ANCLT) and 30 specimens of chronic liver disease (CLD) with no evidence of HCC. All cases were examined immunohistochemically to demonstrate the protein expression of hMSH2 and hMLH1. Thirty‐two (64%) and 35 (70%) of the HCC cases revealed reduced expression of hMSH2 and hMLH1, respectively. Reduced expression of both the proteins was obtained in 26 (52%) of the HCC cases. The expression of hMSH2 and hMLH1 was reduced in 53.6% and 64.3% of ANCLT cases, respectively, with no significant difference between HCC and ANCLT. All 30 specimens of CLD had preserved expression of hMSH2 and hMLH1. Multivariate analysis showed that the reduced expression of hMSH2 or hMLH1 was significantly associated with higher grades of the tumor (p = 0.002 and 0.02, respectively).The relationships of these MMR genes with other clinicopathologic factors were not significant. Reduced expression of hMSH2 and hMLH1 in both HCC and ANCLT suggests that this event occurs at early stages of HCV‐related hepatocarcinogenesis. Moreover, the significant association between reduced expression of both MMR genes and poor histologic grades of the tumor claims that these proteins are involved in the process of cancer progression.
Different expression patterns of pAkt, NF‐κB and cyclin D1 proteins during the invasion process of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: an in vitro approach
Authors: Giudice Fernanda Salgueiredo , Vechio Aluana Maria da Costa Dal , Abrahão Aline Corrêa , Sperandio Felipe Fornias , Pinto‐Junior Décio dos Santos 
Published: October 2010

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 40: 405–411Background:  Several signaling pathways are involved in the progression of squamous cell carcinoma. Among them, activated PI3K/Akt may result in NF‐κB nuclear translocation, thus leading to the transcription of genes enrolled in cellular invasion and proliferation, such as cyclin D1. This study sought to evaluate the expression of pAkt, NF‐κB and cyclin D1 proteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and their respective in vitro‐obtained invasive clones.Methods:  Squamous cell carcinoma cell lines originating from the tongue, pharynx and the metastatic lymph node were submitted to an in vitro invasion assay to select invasive clones. All experimental groups were submitted to immunofluorescence and Western blot assays. Statistical analysis was performed through a Student’s t‐test with a significance level of 5%.Results:  The pAkt and NF‐κB expression differed from cytoplasm and nucleus depending on the studied cell line. The invasive clone from the tongue presented a network‐like structure of pAkt’s cytoplasmic expression. This lineage as well as the invasive clone from pharynx also showed pAkt and NF‐κB nuclear transportation. Significant pAkt and NF‐κB increases were observed in the tongue and pharynx invasive clones. Cyclin D1 was detected in the nucleus of all studied cells and was significantly enhanced in the invasive clones from tongue and pharynx.Conclusion:  This study suggests the participation of pAkt, NF‐κB and cyclin D1 in the invasion process of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, cytoplasmic pAkt network‐like structure was probably related to cytoskeleton changes presented during invasion.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Triazole Derivatives as Antifungal Agents
Authors: Guan Zhongjun , Chai Xiaoyun , Yu Shichong , Hu Honggang , Jiang Yuanying , Meng Qingguo , Wu Qiuye 
Published: October 2010

Twenty‐eight novel triazole derivatives (compounds 1a‐v, 2a‐f) have been synthesized for structure–activity relationship studies as antifungal agents. The compounds were designed on the basis of the structure of fluconazole and molecular modeling of the active site of the cytochrome P450 14α‐demethylase (CYP51). All of them are reported for the first time. Their chemical structures are characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LC‐MS, and elemental analysis. The antifungal activities have been evaluated in vitro by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Compounds 1a‐v exhibited higher activity against nearly all fungi tested except Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fum) than fluconazole (FCZ). The computational molecular docking experiments indicated that the inhibition of CYP51 involves a coordination bond with iron of the heme group, a hydrophilic H‐bonding region, a hydrophobic region, and a narrow hydrophobic binding cleft.
Bond strength and fracture analysis between resin cements and root canal dentin
Authors: Lopes Guilherme Carpena , Ballarin Andressa , Baratieri Luiz N. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of this research is to evaluate bond strength between translucent fibre posts (White Post DC, FGM or FRC Postec Plus, Ivoclar/Vivadent) and intraradicular dentin at three different levels (cervical, middle and apical) using a dual‐cure (AllCem, FGM) or self‐curing (Multilink, Ivoclar/Vivadent) resin cement. Also, the fracture type after push‐out test was analysed under SEM. Thirty‐two extracted single‐root teeth were selected. After undergoing endodontic therapy, they were randomly divided into four groups according to their post type and resin cement. Root canals were etched using 37% phosphoric acid, and Excite DSC adhesive (Ivoclar/Vivadent) was applied in all groups. The root was sectioned to obtain nine 1‐mm‐thick slices (three per third: coronal, middle, apical). All slices were subjected to push‐out tests. Data were analysed using two‐way anova. The mean bond strengths vary from 6.6 (4.6) MPa [apical] to 11.9 (5.9) MPa [cervical]. There were no significant differences between groups. Pearson χ2‐test revealed significant differences in fracture types for all groups (P < 0.0001). The apical third had the lowest bond strengths and it was also shown to be the most critical region for luting fibre posts.
Bacterial leakage of GuttaFlow‐filled root canals compared with Resilon/Epiphany and Gutta‐percha/AH26‐filled root canals
Authors: Kangarlou Ali , Dianat Omid , Esfahrood Zeinab Rezaei , Asharaf Hengameh , Zandi Babak , Eslami Gita 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess bacterial apical leakage in root canals obturated with GuttaFlow and compare this with the leakage of root canals obturated with Resilon/Epiphany or Gutta‐percha/AH26. A total of 55 single‐rooted human teeth were divided randomly into three experimental (n = 15) and two control groups (n = 5). Following a standardised preparation, the teeth were obturated with either GuttaFlow, Resilon/Epiphany or Gutta‐percha/AH26. A two‐chamber bacterial model using Enterococcus faecalis was employed to assess bacterial apical leakage for a period of 60 days. A Kruskal–Wallis test showed no significant differences between the seal of root canals obturated with GuttaFlow, Resilon/Ephiphany or Gutta‐percha/AH26.
Bond strength of Resilon/Epiphany compared with Gutta‐percha and sealers Sealer 26 and Endo Fill
Authors: Cecchin Doglas , Souza Matheus , Carlini‐Júnior Bruno , Barbizam Joao V.B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study evaluated the bond strength of Epiphany®/Resilon® to radicular dentine and compared this with that of Gutta‐percha sealed with Sealer 26 and also Endo Fill®. Fifteen human single‐rooted extracted teeth had their root canals enlarged to a standardised internal root diameter of 1.5 mm. The teeth were filled with: Group I – Epiphany®/Resilon® cones, Group II – Sealer 26®/Gutta‐percha cones and Group III – Endo Fill®/Gutta‐percha cones. Three 2 mm‐thick cross‐sections were obtained from each tooth (n = 15) and subjected to a push‐out test (1 mm min−1). The means (MPa) were compared using anova /Newman–Keuls tests. There were no statistically significant differences between Group I and Group II (P > 0.01). Both bond strengths were significantly higher than that of Group III (P < 0.01). The root canal filling system Epiphany®/Resilon® showed bond strength similar to that of Sealer 26®/Gutta‐percha. Both were higher than that of Endo Fill®/Gutta‐percha.
Effect of post‐space treatments on the push‐out bond strength and failure modes of glass fibre posts
Authors: Arısu Hacer Deniz , Kıvanç Bağdagül Helvacıoğlu , Sağlam Baran C. , Şimşek Eser , Görgül Güliz 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different post‐space treatments on the push‐out bond strength and failure modes of glass fibre posts. Forty mandibular premolar roots were cut and endodontically treated. Post spaces were prepared and roots were divided into four groups. In group 1 distilled water irrigation (control), in group 2 2.25% NaOCl irrigation, in group 3 2.25% NaOCl + 17% EDTA irrigation were done and in group 4 diode laser was applied to the prepared post spaces. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was made for each group. Fibre posts were then luted with resin cement. Each root was prepared for push‐out test. Data were statistically analysed with anova (P = 0.05). After push‐out test, the failure modes were observed but not statistically analysed. There were statistically significant differences between Group 3 and Group 2 in both regions (P < 0.05), also in the middle region of Group 4 and Group 2 (P < 0.05). Cervical root segments showed higher bond strengths than middle ones in all groups (P < 0.05). The highest bond strength values were obtained from NaOCl/EDTA and the lowest bond strength values were obtained from NaOCl for both regions.
Functional activity of Pat‐1 (Slc26a6) Cl−/HCO3− exchange in the lower villus epithelium of murine duodenum
Authors: Walker N. M. , Simpson J. E. , Hoover E. E. , Brazill J. M. , Schweinfest C. W. , Soleimani M. , Clarke L. L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAims:  The apical membrane anion exchanger putative anion transporter‐1 (Pat‐1) is expressed at significant levels in the lower villus epithelium of murine duodenum. However, previous studies of Cl−/HCO3− exchange in the lower villus have failed to demonstrate Pat‐1 function. Those studies routinely included luminal glucose which induces Na+‐coupled glucose transport and acidifies the villus epithelium. Since Pat‐1 has been proposed to be an electrogenic 1Cl−/2HCO3− exchanger, membrane depolarization or cell acidification during glucose transport may obscure Pat‐1 activity. Therefore, we investigated the effects of luminal glucose on Cl−IN/HCO3−OUT exchange activity in the lower villus epithelium.Methods:  Cl−IN/HCO3−OUT exchange of villus epithelium in duodenal mucosa from Pat‐1 knockout (KO), Slc26a3 [down‐regulated in adenoma (Dra)] KO, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr) KO and wild‐type (WT) littermate mice was measured using the pH‐sensitive dye 2′,7′‐bis‐(2‐carboxyethyl)‐5‐(and‐6)‐carboxyfluorescein. Short‐circuit current (Isc) was measured in Ussing chambers.Results:  During glucose absorption, Cl−IN/HCO3−OUT exchange in the lower villus epithelium was abolished in the Dra KO and unaffected in the Pat‐1 KO relative to WT. However, during electroneutral mannose absorption or electrogenic α‐D‐methyl glucoside absorption, Cl−IN/HCO3−OUT exchange was reduced in both Pat‐1 KO and Dra KO villi. Exposure to high [K+] abolished Cl−IN/HCO3−OUT exchange in the Dra KO but not the Dra/Cftr double KO epithelium, suggesting that Pat‐1 activity is little affected by membrane depolarization except in the presence of Cftr.Conclusions:  The metabolic and electrogenic activity of glucose transport obscures Cl−IN/HCO3−OUT exchange activity of Pat‐1 in the lower villus. The inhibitory effects of membrane depolarization on Pat‐1 Cl−IN/HCO3−OUT exchange may require concurrent membrane association with Cftr.