bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drift and retention of pelagic spawning minnow eggs in a regulated river
Authors: Widmer A. M. , Fluder J. J. , Kehmeier J. W. , Medley C. N. , Valdez R. A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTLong‐distance drift of eggs and larvae has been identified as a possible cause of downstream displacement and poor recruitment of the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus; silvery minnow). Seven experiments were conducted using artificial eggs to estimate silvery minnow egg drift and retention in the Albuquerque and Isleta reaches of the regulated Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, USA over a range of flows during expected spawning times. Bead retention varied by reach, discharge, and shape of the hydrograph. Highest retention (6.9 and 9.7% per km in the Albuquerque and Isleta reaches, respectively) occurred on the ascending limb of a high flow in areas where there was substantial floodplain inundation. Retention was maximized at different flows in each reach (97 and 140 m3/s, respectively), possibly associated with reach‐specific floodplain inundation thresholds. Lowest retention in each reach (2.1 and 1.7%, respectively) occurred on the descending limb of low and high flows, respectively. Of the silvery minnow eggs produced in the combined Albuquerque and Isleta reaches in 2005, 8–14% are predicted to have been retained in the Albuquerque Reach (67 km) and 49–83% in the Isleta Reach (86 km) based on the distribution of adult fish and measured bead retention rates. Although silvery minnow propagules are capable of drifting long distances, our study suggests that considerable retention occurs in the Middle Rio Grande. Habitat restoration to increase channel habitat complexity, and flow management to promote floodplain inundation should help to retain a greater proportion of propagules in upstream reaches. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Gondwana–Laurussia convergence process: evidence from the Middle Mississippian (Viséan) palynostratigraphic record
Authors: GONZÁLEZ FELIPE , MORENO CARMEN , PLAYFORD GEOFFREY 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Gondwana–Laurussia convergence process can be explored by studying the Middle Mississippian (Viséan) palynoflora of northwest Africa. Statistical analysis of the Viséan miospore assemblages reported from Morocco defines two populations, one with clear Laurussian affinity from the northern margin of the Western Meseta, and the other, more Gondwanan in composition, from the southern part of the Western Meseta and Anti-Atlas. Moreover, no transitional assemblages have been described from the region. These palynofloral variations are a consequence of the complex palaeogeography of the northwest African margin, which was controlled by the Variscan Orogeny during Viséan times. Taking into consideration the palynofloral affinity of the miospore assemblages reported throughout the entire North African margin and the Middle East, it is possible to envisage a Late Carboniferous Pangaea amalgamation process initially evolving from the west, while in the east the ocean separating Gondwana and Laurussia persisted as an effective barrier to floral migration.
A revised Aquitanian age for the emplacement of the Ronda peridotites (Betic Cordilleras, southern Spain)
Authors: ESTEBAN J. J. , CUEVAS J. , TUBÍA J. M. , SERGEEV S. , LARIONOV A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe hot emplacement of the Ronda peridotites (Betic Cordilleras) developed a dynamothermal aureole and partial melts that led to the intrusion of granite dykes in the peridotites. Previous geochronological data place rather broad limits for this event between 22 and 19 Ma. Analyses of neocrystalline zircon rims from large zircon populations yield a U–Pb SHRIMP age of 22.3±0.7 Ma for the dynamothermal aureole formation, and intrusion ages of granite dykes between 22.6±1.8 and 21.5±3.8 support that conclusion. Therefore, these new ages provide a more robust constraint on the hot emplacement of the Ronda peridotites at middle crustal levels.
Moving On and Moving Back: Rethinking Inequality and Migration in the Latin American City
Authors: ROBERTS BRYAN R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper focuses on the similarities and differences between contemporary urban organisation and that of the 1960s in Guatemala City and other Latin American cities, mainly using data taken from a re-study of low-income neighbourhoods in Guatemala City. It looks at the impact of sharper patterns of residential segregation, changes in migration patterns, rising levels of crime and violence, and the increase in the relationships of the urban poor with external actors, such as governments and NGOs. Severe inequality persists, but is mediated by an improvement in living standards, by the range of consumer goods accessible to the poor, and by community- and family-based adaptation.
Molecular characterization of Cystoisospora belli and unizoite tissue cyst in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: VELÁSQUEZ JORGE NÉSTOR , OSVALDO GERMÁN ASTUDILLO , DI RISIO CECILIA , ETCHART CRISTINA , CHERTCOFF AGUSTÍN VÍCTOR , PERISSÉ GLADYS ELISABET , CARNEVALE SILVANA 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYCystoisospora belli is a coccidian protozoan that can cause chronic diarrhoea, acalculous cholecystitis and cholangiopathy in AIDS patients. We applied molecular methods to identify Cystoisospora at species level in AIDS patients presenting with and without the presence of unizoites in lamina propria. Coprological and histological analyses were performed in stool and/or biopsy samples from 8 Cystoisospora-infected patients. DNA from the same samples was used to amplify 2 fragments of the SSU-rRNA gene and the ITS-1 region. Sequencing of the resulting amplicons identified C. belli infections in all cases, independent of the presence or absence of unizoite tissue cysts. Further work should be considered in order to find molecular targets related to strain variations in C. belli.
Vertebrate fatty acyl desaturase with Δ4 activity
Authors: Li Yuanyou , Monroig Oscar , Zhang Liang , Wang Shuqi , Zheng Xiaozhong , Dick James R. , You Cuihong , Tocher Douglas R. 
Published: September 2010

Biosynthesis of the highly biologically active long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic (ARA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, in vertebrates requires the introduction of up to three double bonds catalyzed by fatty acyl desaturases (Fad). Synthesis of ARA is achieved by Δ6 desaturation of 18∶2
n
- 6 to produce 18∶3
n
- 6 that is elongated to 20∶3
n
- 6 followed by Δ5 desaturation. Synthesis of EPA from 18∶3
n
- 3 requires the same enzymes and pathway as for ARA, but DHA synthesis reportedly requires two further elongations, a second Δ6 desaturation and a peroxisomal chain shortening step. This paper describes cDNAs,
fad1
and
fad2
, isolated from the herbivorous, marine teleost fish (
Siganus canaliculatus
) with high similarity to mammalian Fad proteins. Functional characterization of the cDNAs by heterologous expression in the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
showed that Fad1 was a bifunctional Δ6/Δ5 Fad. Previously, functional dual specificity in vertebrates had been demonstrated for a zebrafish
Danio rerio
Fad and baboon Fad, so the present report suggests bifunctionality may be more widespread in vertebrates. However, Fad2 conferred on the yeast the ability to convert 22∶5
n
- 3 to DHA indicating that this
S. canaliculatus
gene encoded an enzyme having Δ4 Fad activity. This is a unique report of a Fad with Δ4 activity in any vertebrate species and indicates that there are two possible mechanisms for DHA biosynthesis, a direct route involving elongation of EPA to 22∶5
n
- 3 followed by Δ4 desaturation, as well as the more complicated pathway as described above.
Relationships between Growth, Growth Response to Nutrient Supply, and Ion Content Using a Recombinant Inbred Line Population in Arabidopsis1[W][OA]
Authors: Prinzenberg Aina E. , Barbier Hugues , Salt David E. , Stich Benjamin , Reymond Matthieu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGrowth is an integrative trait that responds to environmental factors and is crucial for plant fitness. A major environmental factor influencing plant growth is nutrient supply. In order to explore this relationship further, we quantified growth-related traits, ion content, and other biochemical traits (protein, hexose, and chlorophyll contents) of a recombinant inbred line population of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) grown on different levels of potassium and phosphate. Performing an all subsets multiple regression analyses revealed a link between growth-related traits and mineral nutrient content. Based on our results, up to 85% of growth variation can be explained by variation in ion content, highlighting the importance of ionomics for a broader understanding of plant growth. In addition, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for growth-related traits, ion content, further biochemical traits, and their responses to reduced supplies of potassium or phosphate. Colocalization of these QTLs is explored, and candidate genes are discussed. A QTL for rosette weight response to reduced potassium supply was identified on the bottom of chromosome 5, and its effects were validated using selected near isogenic lines. These lines retained over 20% more rosette weight in reduced potassium supply, accompanied by an increase in potassium content in their leaves.
Hair transplantation for therapy‐resistant alopecia areata of the eyebrows: Is it the right choice?
Authors: CIVAŞ Ekrem , AKSOY Berna , AKSOY Hasan Mete , ESKI Muhitdin , YUCEL Kubilay 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlopecia areata is a common skin disorder of presumed autoimmune etiology and it usually shows an unpredictable course. Treatment of alopecia areata is challenging. There is very little information on the use of surgical therapies for the treatment of alopecia areata in the medical published work. A 24‐year‐old male patient was referred to a private hair transplantation clinic owned by one of the authors for the treatment of therapy‐resistant alopecia areata affecting both eyebrows. He had quickly lost all body hair 4 years prior beginning from the scalp. He received psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy for alopecia universalis and all body hair re‐grew except his eyebrows. Alopecia areata was stable for the 18 months following the last medical treatment he received. Because there was no response to various medical therapeutic agents, we decided to transplant occipital hairs to the eyebrow area. After the patient understood and accepted all risks, occipital hairs were transplanted to the eyebrows by using the follicular unit extraction technique. Postoperatively, the patient did not receive any topical or systemic therapies for alopecia areata. Although 40% hair re‐growth was detected in his eyebrows at 1 year postoperation, this rate was 80% by 2 years postoperation. However, there was resistance to re‐growth in the medial eyebrow regions. New eyebrows grew as occipital hairs and required trimming. His satisfaction from the surgical procedure was 90% at the end of the 24th postoperative month. Surgical treatment of diseases like alopecia areata is still controversial. Our case report offers an additional contribution to the published work on the surgical methods used in the treatment of stable alopecia areata.
Original article: Thermal dynamic properties of isoflavones during dry heating
Authors: Yue Xiaohua , Abdallah Ahmed M. , Xu Zhimin 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThermal stabilities of major soya isoflavones at different dry‐heating temperatures were determined in this study. The conversion of glucoside isoflavones to aglycone isoflavones was monitored as well. The thermal degradation of the isoflavones: glucoside form daidzin, glycitin, and genistin and aglycone form daidzein, glycitein, and genistein followed first‐order reaction kinetics at heating temperatures 100, 150, and 200 °C. The degradation rate constants of the six isoflavones were not significantly different at 100 °C. However, the constants increased with increasing heating temperature. The half‐life for the glucoside and aglycone isoflavones was from 144 to 169 min and 139 to 176 min at 100 °C, respectively. They decreased rapidly to 15.7–54.7 and 36.0–90.7 min when temperature increased to 150 °C. When heated at 200 °C, they further decreased to 5.8–6.0 and 15.7–21.2 min, respectively. The order of thermal stability from lowest to highest was glycitin < genistin < daidzin < glycitein < genistein < daidzein at temperature below 150 °C. However, their thermal stabilities were not different at 200 °C. The conjugated glucosides were cleaved from the isoflavones to produce their corresponding aglycones when heated at 150 °C or higher. The production of glycitein increased constantly and was the highest among the three aglycone isoflavones.
Original article: Encapsulation of ascorbic acid in amorphous maltodextrin employing extrusion as affected by matrix/core ratio and water content
Authors: Chang Dawei , Abbas Shabbar , Hayat Khizar , Xia Shuqin , Zhang Xiaoming , Xie Mingyong , Kim Jin Moon 
Published: September 2010

SummaryAscorbic acid (AA) was encapsulated in glassy low‐dextrose equivalent maltodextrin matrix by extrusion. The effects of formulation parameters, i.e., core/matrix ratio and water content were mainly investigated on Tg of extrudate. The AA yield, AA content and water content of the products together with extrusion parameters were also determined and compared for different formulations. The Tg of extrudates containing water content from 7.860% to 10.430% ranged from 43.17 to 27.48 °C, and the Tg of extrudates which core to matrix from 1:4 to 1:8 ranged from 35.79 to 41.64 °C. AA yield of all extrudates is above 96%, and with increasing water content, there was a slight decrease in the AA yield. The increased water level and core/matrix ratio reduce specific mechanical energy and die head pressure. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy suggested that AA was most likely molecularly dispersed within the maltodextrin indicating the miscibility of AA and maltodextrin.
Original article: Supercritical CO2 extraction of soybean oil: process optimisation and triacylglycerol composition
Authors: Jokić Stela , Zeković Zoran , Vidović Senka , Sudar Rezica , Nemet Ivana , Bilić Mate , Velić Darko 
Published: September 2010

SummarySupercritical CO2 extraction of soybean oil was performed. Response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the effects of pressure, temperature and extraction time on soybean oil yield. The analysis of variance showed that pressure and extraction time followed by the quadratic term of pressure and interaction between pressure and time had the significant effect on the oil yield. The maximum extraction yield (6.59/100 g soybeans) at constant CO2 flow rate of 1.629 L per min was achieved at 50 °C, 300 bar and 4 h. The experimental values agreed well with those predicted by regression model. One‐stage diffusion model was successfully applied for modelling the kinetics of soybean oil. The main triacylglycerols of soybean oil were trilinolein, dilinoleoolein, dilinoleopalmitin and linoleooleopalmitin. Soybean oil extracted by supercritical CO2 had higher levels of linoleic and linolenic acids and lower levels of palmitic and stearic acids compared to oil extracted by organic solvent.
Original article: Use of nano‐clay (Cloisite Na+) improves tensile strength and vapour permeability in agar rich red algae (Gelidium corneum)–gelatin composite films
Authors: Jang Sung‐Ae , Lim Geum‐Ok , Song Kyung Bin 
Published: September 2010

SummaryIn this study, we aimed to improve the physical properties of Gelidium corneum–gelatin (GCG) film by including nano‐clay in the film‐forming solution and tested the antimicrobial properties of the thymol‐containing composite film as a packaging material for chicken breast. Addition of nano‐clay improved the physical properties of GCG film. The tensile strength of the GCG film containing 1% Cloisite Na+ was 38.13 MPa, compared to the 26.65 MPa for the GCG film. The water vapour permeability of the GCG film was 3.56 ng m m−2sPa, while that of the GCG film with 1% Cloisite Na+ was 3.24 ng m m−2sPa. Incorporation of thymol into the film had its antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. When used to pack chicken breast, the GCG/nano‐clay film containing thymol inhibited microbial growth during storage.
A brain slice bath for physiology and compound microscopy, with dual‐sided perifusion
Authors: HEYWARD P.M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryContemporary in vitro brain slice studies can employ compound microscopes to identify individual neurons or their processes for physiological recording or imaging. This requires that the bath used to maintain the tissue fits within the working distances of a water‐dipping objective and microscope condenser. A common means of achieving this is to maintain thin tissue slices on the glass floor of a recording bath, exposing only one surface of the tissue to oxygenated bathing medium. Emerging evidence suggests that physiology can be compromised by this approach. Flowing medium past both sides of submerged brain slices is optimal, but recording baths utilizing this principle are not readily available for use on compound microscopes. This paper describes a tissue bath designed specifically for microscopy and physiological recording, in which temperature‐controlled medium flows past both sides of the slices. A particular feature of this design is the use of concentric mesh rings to support and transport the live tissue without mechanical disturbance. The design is also easily adapted for use with thin acute slices, cultured slices, and acutely dispersed or cultured cells maintained either on cover slips or placed directly on the floor of the bath. The low profile of the bath provides a low angle of approach for electrodes, and allows use of standard condensers, nosepieces and water‐dipping objective lenses. If visualization of individual neurons is not required, the bath can be mounted on a simple stand and used with a dissecting microscope. Heating is integral to the bath, and any temperature controller capable of driving a resistive load can be used. The bath is robust, readily constructed and requires minimal maintenance. Full construction and operation details are given.
Is Johnny wheezing? Parent–child agreement in the Childhood Asthma in America survey
Authors: Davis K. J. , DiSantostefano R. , Peden D. B. 
Published: September 2010

To cite this article: Davis KJ, DiSantostefano R, Peden DB. Is Johnny wheezing? Parent–child agreement in the childhood asthma in America survey. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2011: 22: 31–35.AbstractWe compared responses of children and parents to determine their level of agreement in a national, population‐based survey regarding asthma‐related health of US children. A telephone‐based survey was conducted in 2004 among a national probability sample of children with current asthma in the United States. To compare responses between parent–child pairs, a subset of 284 children aged 10–15 were interviewed in addition to the parents. This survey collected data on asthma symptom prevalence, physical activity limitations and impact of exercise on asthma, and asthma management including medication use. Paired responses were compared using the kappa (κ) statistic. Overall, parents of 10–15‐yr‐olds underestimated the burden of asthma experienced by their children, especially the effects on physical activity. More than half (58%) of children replied that exercise was a trigger for their asthma compared to only 35% of parents (κ 0.23). Children were more likely than parents to mention activity limitations, specifically avoiding physical exertion (63% vs. 49%–κ 0.004). Prevalence of symptoms was also underreported by parents relative to children, particularly breathing problems (41% vs. 67%–κ 0.16) and cough (45% vs. 64%–κ 0.14). Maintenance therapy use in the past 4 weeks was reported by 35% of children, whereas 44% of parents believed their children had used maintenance therapy (κ 0.47). Relative to children’s self‐report, parents underestimated avoidance tactics used by their children with asthma, including exercise and physical activity self‐limitation to prevent the onset or worsening of asthma symptoms. Parents also underreported asthma symptoms of their children aged 10–15 years old and were discordant with their children regarding medication use. Increasing regular communication about asthma between child, parent, and physician is warranted to improve asthma control and overall health.
Probabilistic Assessment of Industrial Synergistic Systems
Authors: Hsu Yung‐Chia , Rohmer Serge 
Published: September 2010

SummaryA probability‐based method is presented for assessing the reliability of synergistic systems and their ability to cope with the uncertainties often associated with two of a company's main types of activities: those carried out by the manufacturing department, and those carried out by the storage department. This method is based on a model focusing on the dynamic simulation of synergistic flows in terms of the mass balance. It differs from previous material flow analysis tools, which do not take into account the temporary failures occurring at the companies involved and the resulting loss of production capacity. The failure events occurring at any of the companies in a synergistic system may result in various levels of synergy failure and a short supply of resources for other companies. We therefore propose to identify the main factors responsible for a lack of synergy. We developed a dynamic stock simulation model for assessing the reliability of synergistic systems as well as that of the individual companies of a system before and after a synergy is set up. We first confirm the validity of this model by comparing the results with those based on the binomial theorem in system reliability analysis, and we then apply the model to the case of an industrial system. We conclude that companies involved in a synergistic system will inevitably be exposed to a higher risk of resource shortage because of the unsteady synergistic and outsourcing flows on which they depend. More efficient stock management methods would prevent the occurrence of the risks often associated with synergistic flows.