bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating the NATO Human View in the DoDAF 2.0 Meta Model
Authors: Handley Holly A. H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe NATO Human View is an additional viewpoint for an architecture framework that provides information on the human in the system. This paper represents the last of three papers describing the NATO Human View. The first paper described the development of the Human View by a multinational NATO panel [Handley and Smillie, Syst Eng 11(2) (2008), 156–164]. The second paper described a methodology to use the Human View data in a simulation model in order to demonstrate the impact of the human on system performance [Handley and Smillie, Syst Eng 13(1) (2010), 72–79]. This final paper describes a methodology to align the NATO Human View with the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) 2.0 Meta Model (DM2) in order to produce “Fit for Purpose” views. These views can be used to augment the standard sets of architectural products with human‐centered information important to the system description. The alignment of the Human View with the DM2 also facilitates reconciliation of different interpretations of the Human View construct. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
A game‐theoretic approach for relay assignment over distributed wireless networks
Authors: Liang Xuedong , Chen Min , Leung Victor C. M. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTFor full cooperative diversity gains to be achieved while still maintaining spectral and energy efficiency, relay assignment schemes for cooperative communications have been extensively studied in recent research. These schemes select only the best relay from multiple relaying candidates to cooperate with a communication link. However, it is challenging to find the optimal relay in distributed wireless networks because of the dynamic nature of such networks. In this paper, we first formulate the problem of relay assignment as a noncooperative, mixed‐strategy, repeated game, where relaying candidates are modeled as rational players. We then propose a game‐theory‐based relay assignment scheme GTRA, in which each player plays against all the other players and determines whether to cooperate with a communication link on a packet‐by‐packet basis in a distributed manner. To adapt to dynamic environments, players utilized an adaptive learning algorithm, that is, modified‐regret‐matching algorithm, to learn optimal strategies of relay assignment, as well as to orient the game to converge to a set of correlated equilibriums, which is often more system efficient than a Nash equilibrium. To evaluate the performance of GTRA, we compare it with BR, a fictitious two‐player game‐based approach. Simulation results have shown that GTRA outperforms BR in terms of network throughput, especially in environments where the channel fading becomes severe. It is also shown that GTRA can converge to a correlated equilibrium in a short period that enables the GTRA to work well in dynamic environments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nb3Ru5B2 – The First Fully Characterized Ternary Phase in the Nb‐Ru‐B System: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Bonding Analysis
Authors: Hermus Martin , Geier Daniel , Fokwa Boniface P. T. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe first fully characterized phase in the Nb‐Ru‐B system, Nb3Ru5B2, was successfully synthesized as polycrystalline powders as well as single crystals and characterized by EDX analysis and X‐ray diffraction methods. It is the first ternary phase of the type A3T5B2 adopting the Ti3Co5B2 structure type and containing a group eight transition metal at the T sites. According to COHP bonding analysis the Nb–Nb interactions between two pentagonal prisms are strongly bonding and thus weaken the Nb–Ru interactions, which become significantly weaker than those found in the tetragonal prisms. Furthermore a deep pseudogap is found around the Fermi Level of the calculated DOS and the phase is predicted to be a metallic conductor as expected for this metal‐rich boride.
Syntheses, Structural, and Spectroscopic Properties of Copper(II) Complexes of Constrained Macrocyclic Ligands
Authors: Choi Jong‐Ha , Joshi Tanmaya , Spiccia Leone 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe complexes [Cu(L1)(H2O)2](BF4)2·2H2O (1) [L1 = 5, 16‐dimethyl‐2, 6, 13, 17‐tetraazatricyclo(14, 4, 01.18,07.12)docosane] and 0.5[Cu(L2)(NO3)2][Cu(L2)](NO3)2 (2) [L2 = dibenzyl‐5, 16‐dimethyl‐2, 6, 13, 17‐tetraazatricyclo(14, 4, 01.18,07.12)docosane] were synthesized and characterized by single crystal X‐ray analyses. In these constrained macrocycles, the central copper(II) atoms are in a tetragonally distorted octahedral environment with four nitrogen atoms of the macrocyclic ligands in equatorial positions and oxygen atoms from either water molecules or nitrato groups in axial positions. The macrocyclic ligands in both complexes adopt the most stable trans‐III conformation. The Cu–N distances [1.999(7)–2.095(7) Å] are typical for such complexes, but the axial ligands are weakly coordinating Cu–OH2 bonds [2.693(3) Å] and Cu–ONO2 bonds [2.873(7) Å] due to the combination of the pseudo Jahn–Teller effect and strong in‐plane ligand field. The crystals are stabilized by a three‐dimensional network by hydrogen bonds that are formed among the secondary nitrogen hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms of water molecules, fluorine atoms of BF4–, and oxygen atoms of NO3–. The electronic absorption and IR spectroscopic properties are also discussed.
Bacterial glyphosate resistance conferred by overexpression of an E. coli membrane efflux transporter
Authors: Staub Jeffrey M , Brand Leslie , Tran Minhtien , Kong Yifei , Rogers Stephen G 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Glyphosate herbicide-resistant crop plants, introduced commercially in 1994, now represent approximately 85% of the land area devoted to transgenic crops. Herbicide resistance in commercial glyphosate-resistant crops is due to expression of a variant form of a bacterial 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase with a significantly decreased binding affinity for glyphosate at the target site of the enzyme. As a result of widespread and recurrent glyphosate use, often as the only herbicide used for weed management, increasing numbers of weedy species have evolved resistance to glyphosate. Weed resistance is most often due to changes in herbicide translocation patterns, presumed to be through the activity of an as yet unidentified membrane transporter in plants. To provide insight into glyphosate resistance mechanisms and identify a potential glyphosate transporter, we screened Escherichia coli genomic DNA for alternate sources of glyphosate resistance genes. Our search identified a single non-target gene that, when overexpressed in E. coli and Pseudomonas, confers high-level glyphosate resistance. The gene, yhhS, encodes a predicted membrane transporter of the major facilitator superfamily involved in drug efflux. We report here that an alternative mode of glyphosate resistance in E. coli is due to reduced accumulation of glyphosate in cells that overexpress this membrane transporter and discuss the implications for potential alternative resistance mechanisms in other organisms such as plants.
Persistent CT nephrograms following cardiac catheterisation and intervention: initial observations
Authors: Katzberg Richard W. , Monsky Wayne L. , Prionas Nicolas D. , Sidhar Vishal , Southard Jeffrey , Carlson Janine , Boone John M. , Lin Tzu-Chun , Li Chin-Shang 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Objectives
To describe persistent nephrographic patterns detected by unenhanced renal CT at 24 h after cardiac catheterisation and intervention.

Methods
This prospective study was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant and institutional review board approved. Twenty-nine patients (20 men, nine women; average age 63.27 and range 41–85 years) agreed to undergo unenhanced dual-energy computed tomography (CT) limited to their kidneys at 24 h after cardiac catheterisation. CT attenuation values (Hounsfield units) were made from the cortical and medullary regions and single kidney total parenchymal iodine values (milligrams) were measured. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and a two-sided Fisher’s exact test were used in the statistics.

Results
Focal nephrograms were observed in at least one kidney (range, one to five regions per kidney) in 10/29 (34%) of patients and bilateral global nephrograms in 13/29 (45%) of patients. Focal nephrograms correlated with cardiac catheterisation fluoroscopic time (r = 0.48; P = 0.0087). For global nephrograms, the total iodine content of right and left kidneys correlated with fluoroscopic time (r = 0.79 and 0.76; P < 0.0001, respectively) and the amount of contrast material (CM) used (r = 0.77 and r = 0.74; P < 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusion
Persistent focal and global nephrograms occur commonly as assessed by non-contrast CT at 24 h post cardiac catheterisation and our observations suggest they could be related to procedural factors.
The orientations of prolate ellipsoids in linear shear flows
Authors: Gavze Ehud , Pinsky Mark , Khain Alexander 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe dynamics of the orientations of prolate ellipsoids in general linear shear flow is considered. The motivation behind this work is to gain a better understanding of the motion and the orientation probability distribution of ice particles in clouds in order to improve the modelling of their collision. The evolution of the orientations is governed by the Jeffery equation. It is shown that the possible attractors of this equation are fixed points, limit cycles and an infinite set of periodic solutions, named Jeffery orbits, in the case of simple shear. Linear stability analysis shows that the existence and the stability of the attractors are determined by the eigenvalues of the linear part of the equation. If the eigenvalues possess a non-vanishing real part, then there always exists either a stable fixed point or a stable limit cycle. Pure imaginary eigenvalues lead to Jeffery orbits. The convergence to a stable fixed point or to a stable limit cycle may either be monotonic or may be retarded due to the occurrence of non-normal growth. If non-normal growth occurs the convergence rate may be much slower compared with the characteristic time scale of the shear. Expressions for the characteristic time scale of convergence to the stable solutions are derived. In the case of non-normal growth, expressions are derived for the delay in the convergence. The orientation probability distribution function (p.d.f.) is computed via the solution of the Fokker–Planck equation. The p.d.f. is either periodic, in the case of simple shear (pure imaginary eigenvalues), or it converges to singular points or strips in the orientation space (fixed points and limit cycles) on which it grows to infinity. Time-independent p.d.f.s exist only for imaginary eigenvalues. Unlike the case where Brownian diffusion is present, the steady solutions are not unique and depend on the initial conditions.
Effects of soya oligosaccharides and soya oligopeptides on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidaemic rats
Authors: Xie Shali , Zhu Jundong , Zhang Yanqi , Shi Kai , Shi Yuangang , Ma Xiao 
Published: November 2011

In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of soya oligosaccharides (SOS) and soya oligopeptides (SOP) on blood lipid levels, release of vasoactive substances, antioxidant activity and faecal bile acid (FBA) excretion in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Sprague–Dawley rats were evenly divided into five groups according to diets as follows: regular diet (control), HFD, HFD enriched with 2 % of SOS (SOS), HFD enriched with 3 % of SOP (SOP) and HFD enriched with 2 % SOS and 3 % SOP (SOSP). The results showed that SOS and SOP significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TAG, whereas HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly increased. Furthermore, SOS and SOP reduced plasma apoB, apoE and the apoB:apoAI ratio, whereas apoAI was significantly increased. Moreover, SOS and SOP also reduced plasma thromboxane A2(TXA2) and the TXA2:prostacyclin (PGI2) ratio, whereas plasma PGI2and nitric oxide were significantly increased. In addition, SOS and SOP significantly reduced serum and liver malondialdehyde concentrations and increased FBA excretion. However, we did not observe obvious influences of SOS and SOP on superoxide dismutase activities in the liver of HFD-fed rats. The combination of 2 % SOS and 3 % SOP showed a more marked effect than SOS or SOP alone in improving the lipid profile, release of vasoactive substances and increasing FBA excretion (P < 0·05). In summary, SOS and SOP might help prevent atherosclerosis through improving abnormal blood lipid levels, regulating vasoactive substances and protecting against oxidative stress.
IV.—Rock-cutting and Tomb-architecture in Cyprus during the Graeco-Roman Occupation
Authors: Jeffery Geo. 
Published: November 2011

It has been thought, with a good deal of reason for such an opinion, that the age of a quarry or a rock-cut tomb may be determined by the apparent character of the tooling of surfaces. This is most easily defined in the following way.Bronze Age tooling of rock surfaces of a soft kind, subsequently hardened with age, may perhaps be detected by the marks of a celt driven with a mallet, or possibly a heavy stone. The cut of the implement is short and deep, and of course leaves a rougher surface than the single-handed pick of iron. With the introduction of iron tools the work of finishing surfaces as well as of cutting into the stone seems to have been executed with single-handed picks having points or cutting edges of variable width. At a later period came the use of the chiselshaped pick with serrated edge. It is doubtful whether this was used in the Levant previous to the Byzantine or Constantinian era. The use of the chiselshaped pick causes a long sweeping cut on the stone, an effect also produced by mere chopping sideways with the stone-mason's chopper. The chopper and the chisel-pick play a great part in the finishing off of the elaborate rock-cuttings of the Levant.From the foregoing it will be noticed that little more than a distinction into the two classes of work done with iron implements, and work done without iron implements, can be attempted for chronological purposes as far as the evidence on rock surfaces survives. The quarries and tombs of Cyprus referred to in the following notes must be considered to belong to the iron implement class; in other words, to the Graeco-Roman and Byzantine history of the island.
XIII.—Charters of Harmondsworth, Isleworth, Heston, Twickenham, and Hampton-on-Thames
Authors: Kirby T. F. 
Published: November 2011

The priory, church, and manor of Harmondsworth, near West Drayton, in Middlesex, with its subinfeudations of Padbury's, Barnard's, and Ludington's, belonged to the Benedictine convent of the Holy Trinity and St. Katherine at Rouen. Who gave them to that house I know not. Tanner merely says that the priory was a cell to the monastery at Rouen, and Dugdale is not more explicit. I see by the presentment of a Middlesex jury in Michaelmas Term, 44 Edward III., that Robert, then prior of Harmondsworth, held the church and two carucates of land by the gift of one (they do not say which) of the king's progenitors by the tenure of distributing weekly amongst the poor of the place three bushels of “wastyl” or best bread. The prior was indicted for that he had failed to distribute the bread during the last twenty years, and he pleaded, with what result does not appear, a charter of Privileges granted to the monks at Rouen by Henry II. and confirmed by Henry III. and Edward I.:Henricus Dei gracia Rex Anglie dux Normannie et Aquitanie et comes Andigavie archiepiscopis, etc. Salutem. Sciatis nos concessisse et presenti Carta confirmasse Abbati et Monachis Sancte Trinitatis sancteque Katherine de Monte Eothomagensi omnes donaciones elemosinarum terrarum et hominura, que facte sunt eis tarn in ecclesiis quam in rebus et possessionibus mundanis. Quare volumus et firmiter precipimus quod dicti Abbas et monachi et ministri eorum teneant et habeant omnes elemosinas et possessiones suos cum sacha et sacca et thol et theam et Infangeneþief cum omnibus libertatibus et liberis consue tudinibus et quietanciis suis in bosco et piano et pratis et pasturis in mariscis et piscariis in vivariis et stagnis. In aquis et molendinis. In virgultis et grangiis extra burgum et infra. In viis et semitis et in omnibus aliis rebus et aliis locis quietas liberas et solutas. de Sirra. et de liundredo et placitis et querelis et de murdro et de wapentaoha et scutagio et geldis et danegeldis. et assisis. et hidagiis. et de operacionibus pontium. et Castellorum et de Lerwite et de Hengewite et fleamcameswite. et de Blodewite et de fithwite. et de auerpeny. et hundredespeny et de Wardepeny. et quietas de omni Pontagio thelonio et passagio et lestagio et stalagio et de omni servicio seculari et servili opere et exaccione et de omnibus occasionibus et secularibus consuetudinibue. excepta sola justicia mortis et membroruni.
XV.—Garnier de Nablous, Prior of the Hospital in England, and Grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem
Authors: Round J. H. 
Published: November 2011

It is by the kind permission of the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's that I exhibit the charter on the table. This document is a grant, by the Prior of the Hospital of St. John in Jerusalem in England and the Chapter, of the church of Broxbourne, Herts, to the Bishop of London for a yearly payment of four marcs.The charter is sealed, and it bears the date of 1190, a date which, as I shall explain, is of some historical consequence. Although calendared so far back as 1883 by my friend Sir Henry Maxwell Lyte in his valuable report on the muniments at St. Paul's, the charter seems to have been overlooked, for it was not found in that great repertory of all the charters of the Order, published by M. Delaville Le Roulx, although he endeavoured to include all those that are in England.
XII.—Excavations on the site of the Roman city at Silchester, Hants, in 1900.
Authors: Fox George E. , Hope W. H. St. John , Reid Clement 
Published: November 2011

We have the honour of submitting on behalf of the Executive Committee a report of the operations carried out by the Silchester Excavation Fund in 1900.The work was begun on the 4th May under the direction of Mr. Frederick Davis, whose death in July last has deprived the Committee of valuable services freely given and intelligently performed. The further conduct of the work was undertaken by Mr. Mill Stephenson and Mr. Hope, and the closing operations, which were prolonged until 4th December, were also directed by Mr. Stephenson.
Livestock veterinarians at high risk of acquiring methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusST398
Authors: GARCIA-GRAELLS C. , ANTOINE J. , LARSEN J. , CATRY B. , SKOV R. , DENIS O. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThe prevalence and risk factors associated with livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) carriage was examined in Danish and Belgian veterinarians. The MRSA and LA-MRSA carriage rates were 9·5% (95% CI 5·3–15·6) and 7·5% (95% CI 3·8–13·1) for MRSA and LA-MRSA, respectively, in Belgium and 1·4% (95% CI: 0·17–5·05) in Denmark (all Danish MRSA isolates belonged to the LA-MRSA genotype). All LA-MRSA isolates were resistant to tetracycline and 53·4% (7/13) showed a multi-resistant phenotype. LA-MRSA was significantly associated with veterinarians in contact with livestock (P=0·046). In the multivariable analysis, working with small animals in a veterinary clinic seems to be negatively associated (OR 0·15, 95% CI 0–1·0,P=0·05) and a strong direct association was found for LA-MRSA acquisition and exposure to live pigs (OR 12·1, 95% CI 1·6–548·5,P=0·01). Since carriage of MRSA ST398 may increase the risk of complications during hospitalization, our results underline that preventive measures may need to be developed for veterinary professionals, particularly for livestock veterinarians.
Primary Processing
Authors: Mulder Wim , Harmsen Paulien , Sanders Johan , Carre Patrick , Kamm Birgit , Schönicke Petra , Dautzenberg Geertje 
Published: November 2011

Primary processing of oil-containing material involves pre-treatment processes, oil recovery processes and the extraction and valorisation of valuable compounds from waste streams.
Pre-treatment processes, e.g. thermal, enzymatic, electrical and radio frequency, have an important effect on the oil recovery, quality of oil, extraction possibility and quality of valuable compounds from waste streams. Apart from these methods, dehulling, i.e. the separation of the coats from the seeds, can be regarded as a first and indispensable step. To extract and market proteins at an industrial scale, as long as water extraction remains in the domain of research and development, it will be necessary to dehull the seeds before oil extraction in order to extract the proteins and improve the valorisation of these crops.
The state-of-the-art of the recovery of (residual) oil from olive, rapeseed and sunflower by-products is reported. The three crops are described with regard to structure, by-products from the oil production and the applied extraction methods. Alternatives for hexane extraction, such as water, iso-propyl alcohol, gas-assisted extraction or supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, could improve the potential of the different oil-bearing crops.
The extraction of amino acids and/or protein fractions, which forms the main fraction in the press cakes is described. Also, the possibilities of the production of levulinic acid from the lignocellulosic parts of the crops are investigated.
A comparison of DNA‐based methods for delimiting species in a Cretan land snail radiation reveals shortcomings of exclusively molecular taxonomy
Authors: Sauer Jan , Hausdorf Bernhard 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe compared the results of different approaches for delimiting species based on single‐locus DNA sequences with those of methods using binary multilocus data. As case study, we examined the radiation of the land snail genus Xerocrassa on Crete. Many of the methods based on mitochondrial sequences resulted in heavy under‐ or overestimations of the species number. The methods using AFLP data produced classifications with an on average higher concordance with the morphological classification than the methods based on mitochondrial sequences. However, the percentage of correct species classifications is low even with binary multilocus data. Gaussian clustering produced the classifications with the highest concordance with the morphological classification of all approaches applied in this study, both with single‐locus sequences and with binary multilocus data. There are two general problems that hamper species delimitation, namely rarity and the hierarchical structure of biodiversity. Methods for species delimitation using genetic data search for clusters of individuals, but do not implement criteria that are sufficient to distinguish clusters representing species from other clusters. The success of morphological species delimitation results from the potential to focus on characters that are directly involved in the speciation process, whereas molecular studies usually rely on markers that are not directly involved in speciation.© The Willi Hennig Society 2011.
Special Issue on quality in e‐learning
Authors: Ehlers U.‐D. , Hilera J.R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractQuality is at the heart of education and training in all countries. Knowledge, information, and learning technologies are seen as a vital tool for achieving this. The promises of e‐learning are to open up our systems to the world, improve access for all, and increase learning effectiveness. In addition, knowledge, information, and learning technologies are seen as a catalyst for change in our efforts to reform and modernize education and training for an improved knowledge society.