bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Human Phenotype Ontology
Authors: Robinson PN , Mundlos S 
Published: April 2010

Robinson PN, Mundlos S. The Human Phenotype Ontology.A standardized, controlled vocabulary allows phenotypic information to be described in an unambiguous fashion in medical publications and databases. The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is being developed in an effort to provide such a vocabulary. The use of an ontology to capture phenotypic information allows the use of computational algorithms that exploit semantic similarity between related phenotypic abnormalities to define phenotypic similarity metrics, which can be used to perform database searches for clinical diagnostics or as a basis for incorporating the human phenome into large‐scale computational analysis of gene expression patterns and other cellular phenomena associated with human disease. The HPO is freely available at http://www.human‐phenotype‐ontology.org.
Dystocia and Fetotomy Associated with Cerebral Aplasia in a Greater One‐horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)
Authors: Schaftenaar W , Fernandes T , Fritsch G , Frey R , Szentiks CA , Wegner R‐D , Hildebrandt TB , Hermes R 
Published: April 2010

ContentsThe captive greater one‐horned rhinoceros population consists of 176 animals. Since 1971, a total of 226 calves were born into this captive population. However, 24% of the offspring born were either stillborn or did not survive the first 3 months. The causes for this high rate of stillbirth and neonate mortality have not yet been documented. Here, we report on the veterinary management of a dystocia and foetotomy resulting from a malpositioned greater one‐horned rhinoceros foetus. The dead foetus presented with a forelimb flexed at the shoulder joint, with all other joints extended. The foetus was dissected into five parts and extracted during two anaesthesias on two consecutive days. The dam recovered fully and came into oestrous 31 days after surgery. Post‐mortem and CT examination of the malformed foetal head revealed cranioschisis with cerebral aplasia and cerebellar hypoplasia. The cerebral aplasia presented here and in other recent cases suggests that neural tube defects and cranial malformations may be associated with more captive rhinoceros stillbirths than previously considered. Epidemiologic studies of these phenomena and possible nutritional deficiencies or hereditary defects are warranted.
Pattern of intravesical recurrence after surgical treatment for urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract: A single institutional retrospective long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Takaoka Ei‐ichiro , Hinotsu Shiro , Joraku Akira , Oikawa Takehiro , Sekido Noritoshi , Miyanaga Naoto , Kawai Koji , Shimazui Toru , Akaza Hideyuki 
Published: April 2010

Objectives:  To estimate the risk of intravesical recurrence in patients with primary urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract.Methods:  Ninety patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy for clinically localized urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract were initially considered. Those with a previous and/or concomitant history of bladder cancer, and those who had previously received systemic chemotherapy were excluded. Overall, data from 60 patients with no evidence of bladder cancer and distant or lymph node metastasis were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical course and the risk pattern of intravesical recurrence were estimated by using a smoothing technique on estimated hazard function plots. Multivariate analysis was carried out using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results:  Mean patient age was 64.7 years. Median follow up was 51.3 months. Thirty patients (50%) had intravesical recurrence during the follow‐up period. The peak of intravesical recurrence was detected in the early period (less than 2.5 years) after surgery. The intravesical recurrence hazard became lower afterwards. Nevertheless, it persisted over a long period of time. On univariate and multivariate analyses, none of the clinical or pathological parameters had a statistically significant impact on intravesical recurrence.Conclusions:  Even if an intravesical recurrence in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer is more likely in the early period, it persists over a long period of time. This might reflect different mechanisms of recurrence, having a significant impact on the definition of the optimal treatment and follow‐up schedules.
Identification of Burkholderia multivorans ATCC 17616 genes induced in soil environment by in vivo expression technology
Authors: Nishiyama Eri , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Nagata Yuji , Tsuda Masataka 
Published: April 2010

Summary Burkholderia multivorans ATCC 17616 was originally isolated from a soil sample, and it carries three chromosomes. To identify traits of likely adaptive significance for colonization of soil, an in vivo expression technology system for ATCC 17616 was constructed using the promoterless and tandemly arranged dapB and lacZ genes as the reporters, and this system was applied to identify the genomic loci of ATCC 17616 that were induced in sterilized soil. Our screening of a library consisting of dapB‐lacZ‐inserted clones resulted in the isolation of 713 clones in which the insertion sites of genome were putatively transcribed in the soil but not in laboratory media. All insertion sites in the genome were determined by high‐throughput sequencing using genomic DNA as the templates, and subsequent analysis led to a reliable list of a total of 116 genomic loci as the B. multivorans ATCC 17616 loci induced in a soil environment (mls). These 116 mls carried the genes for energy acquisition from various substances, as well as genes for cell‐envelope integrity and the niche adaptation. The distribution of these loci was biased to the second chromosome, suggesting the importance of this replicon as a source of adaptive traits enhancing survival of this organism in natural environments.
Onset and maturation of fetal heart rate response to the mother’s voice over late gestation
Authors: Kisilevsky Barbara S. , Hains Sylvia M.J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground:  Term fetuses discriminate their mother’s voice from a female stranger’s, suggesting recognition/learning of some property of her voice. Identification of the onset and maturation of the response would increase our understanding of the influence of environmental sounds on the development of sensory abilities and identify the period when speech and language might influence auditory processing. Aim:  To characterize the onset and maturation of fetal heart rate response to the mother’s voice. Methods: 143 fetuses from 29 to 40 weeks gestational age (GA) received a standardized protocol: no‐sound pre‐voice baseline (2 min), audio recording of their mother reading a story (2 min), no‐sound post‐voice (2 min). The voice was delivered 10 cm above the maternal abdomen at an average of 95 dB A; heart rate was recorded continuously. Results:  For data analyses, fetuses were categorized into four age groups: 29–31, 32–34, 35–37, and > 37 weeks GA. Onset of response to the mother’s voice occurred at 32–34 weeks GA. From 32 to 37 weeks GA, there was an initial heart rate decrease followed by an increase. At term, there was a response shift to an initial heart rate increase. The percentage of fetuses responding increased over gestation from 46% at 32–34 weeks GA to 83% at term. Conclusion:  A relatively long latency and sustained duration of the heart rate response suggest auditory processing, the formation of neural networks, above the level of the brainstem.
An apolipoprotein E4 fragment can promote intracellular accumulation of amyloid peptide beta 42
Authors: Dafnis Ioannis , Stratikos Efstratios , Tzinia Athina , Tsilibary Effie C. , Zannis Vassilis I. , Chroni Angeliki 
Published: April 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 873–884.AbstractApolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a crucial role in lipid transport in circulation and the brain. The apoE4 isoform is a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). ApoE4 is more susceptible to proteolysis than other apoE isoforms and apoE4 fragments have been found in brains of AD patients. These apoE4 fragments have been hypothesized to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD, although the mechanism is not clear. In this study we examined the effect of lipid‐free apoE4 on amyloid precursor protein processing and 40‐amino‐acid Aβ variant and 42‐amino‐acid Aβ variant levels in human neuroblastoma SK‐N‐SH cells. We discovered that a specific apoE4 fragment, apoE4[Δ(166‐299)], can promote the cellular uptake of extracellular 40‐amino‐acid Aβ variant and 42‐amino‐acid Aβ variant either generated after amyloid precursor protein transfection or added exogenously. A longer length fragment, apoE4[Δ(186‐299)], or full‐length apoE4 failed to elicit this effect. ApoE4[Δ(166‐299)] effected a 20% reduction of cellular sphingomyelin levels, as well as changes in cellular membrane micro‐fluidity. Following uptake, approximately 50% of 42‐amino‐acid Aβ variant remained within the cell for at least 24 h, and led to increased formation of reactive oxygen species. Overall, our findings suggest a direct link between two early events in the pathogenesis of AD, apoE4 proteolysis and intraneuronal presence of amyloid beta peptide.
Leptin promotes dopamine transporter and tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the nucleus accumbens of Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Perry Maura L. , Leinninger Gina M. , Chen Rong , Luderman Kathryn D. , Yang Hongyan , Gnegy Margaret E. , Myers Martin G. , Kennedy Robert T. 
Published: April 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)114, 666–674.AbstractAdipocytes produce the hormone, leptin, in proportion to fat mass to signal the status of body energy stores to the central nervous system, thereby modulating food intake and energy homeostasis. In addition to controlling satiety, leptin suppresses the reward value of food, which is controlled by the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system. Previous results from leptin‐deficientob/obanimals suggest that chronic leptin deficiency decreases DA content in the mesolimbic DA system, thereby decreasing the response to amphetamine (AMPH). The extent to which these alterations in the mesolimbic DA system ofob/obanimals may mirror the leptin response of normal animals has remained unclear, however. We therefore examined the potential short‐term modulation of the mesolimbic DA system by leptin in normal animals. We show that 4 h of systemic leptin treatment enhances AMPH‐stimulated DA efflux in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of Sprague‐Dawley rats. While acute leptin treatment increased NAc tyrosine hydroxylase activity, total tyrosine hydroxylase and DA content were unchanged at this early time point. Leptin also increased NAc DA transporter activity in the absence of changes in cell surface or total DA transporter. Thus, leptin modulates the mesolimbic DA system via multiple acute mechanisms, and increases AMPH‐mediated DA efflux in normal animals.
ERK signaling leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in extracellular zinc‐induced neurotoxicity
Authors: He Kai , Aizenman Elias 
Published: April 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 452–461.AbstractA zinc‐induced signaling pathway leading to extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation and subsequent neuronal death has been investigated. We find that an extracellular zinc application stimulates biphasic phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in rat cultured neurons. The activation of ERK1/2, but not p38, is responsible for zinc neurotoxicity as only U0126, a MEK inhibitor that blocks ERK1/2 phosphorylation, significantly protects cortical neurons from zinc exposure. Over‐expression of a dominant negative Ras mutant blocks zinc‐induced Elk1‐dependent gene expression in neurons, indicating the involvement of Ras activation in the zinc pathway leading to ERK phosphorylation and Elk1 signaling. We also find that zinc treatment results in neuronal mitochondrial hyperpolarization. Importantly, both U0126 and bongkrekic acid, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase, effectively reduce zinc‐triggered mitochondrial changes. As bongkrekic acid also prevents zinc‐triggered neuronal death but not ERK1/2 phosphorylation, activation of MAPK signaling precedes and is required for mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. These results provide new insight on the mechanism of extracellular zinc‐induced toxicity in which the regulation of mitochondrial function by the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway is closely associated with neuronal viability.
The Effects of Reactive Hyperemia on Stimulation of Endothelium‐Derived Nitric Oxide in On‐Pump and Off‐Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgeries
Authors: Sasmazel Ahmet , Erkılıç Atakan , Buyukbayrak Fuat , Baysal Ayse , Tigen Kursat , Tuncer Altug , Tuncer Eylem , Bugra Onursal , Ozkokeli Mehmet , Kucukcerit Taner , Sunar Hasan , Zeybek Rahmi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to compare the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the endothelium‐derived nitric oxide (NO) levels in on‐pump and off‐pump coronary artery bypass surgeries. Forty consecutive patients were divided randomly into two groups depending on use of CPB in coronary artery bypass graft surgery (group 1: n = 20, off‐pump, and group 2: n = 20, on‐pump). The plasma endothelium‐derived NO levels were determined at baseline and after reactive hyperemia before and after surgery. Reactive hyperemia was induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff placed on the upper forearm, for 5 min at 250 mm Hg followed by a rapid deflation. Blood was collected at 1 min after cuff deflation from the radial artery on the same side. Preoperative use of all medications was recorded. The baseline plasma NO levels before operation were 17.10 ± 7.58 in group 1 and 15.49 ± 5.26 nmol/L in group 2. Before operation after reactive hyperemia, the plasma NO levels were 26.97 ± 11.49 in group 1 and 26.57 ± 12.87 nmol/L in group 2. Two hours after surgery, the plasma NO levels at baseline and after reactive hyperemia were not significantly different from each other (group 1: 18.03 ± 6.37 and group 2: 19.89 ± 9.83 nmol/L; group 1: 27.89 ± 18.36 and group 2: 39.13 ± 23.60 nmol/L, respectively; P > 0.05). A positive correlation was shown between preoperative nitroglycerine use and the postoperative plasma NO levels after reactive hyperemia (r = 0.51, P = 0.001). Linear regression analysis was performed (F = 4.10, R = 0.56, R2 = 0.32, P =  0.008) and the only independent parameter that had an effect on postoperative plasma NO levels after reactive hyperemia was found to be preoperative nitroglycerine use (t = 3.68, P = 0.001). Coronary artery bypass surgery with CPB does not have significant effect on plasma endothelial derived NO levels. The postoperative plasma NO levels after reactive hyperemia significantly correlated with preoperative nitroglycerine use.
Self‐esteem and symptoms of depression in children with seizures: Relationships with neuropsychological functioning and family variables over time
Authors: Austin Joan K. , Perkins Susan M. , Johnson Cynthia S. , Fastenau Philip S. , Byars Anna W. , deGrauw Ton J. , Dunn David W. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryPurpose:  To test over time the relationships of neuropsychological functioning to mental health in children following a first recognized seizure and, of primary importance, to determine if the strength of these relationships differs based on risk and protective factors.Methods:  In a larger prospective study, 135 children with a first seizure (ages 8–14 years) and 73 healthy sibling controls completed neuropsychological testing at baseline and 36 months. Structured telephone interviews were used to obtain data from children on mental health and family environment; major caregiving parents provided data on demographic and family variables. Data analyses included correlation coefficients and linear regression models.Results:  Children with seizures showed an overall trend for improvement in mental health. More children with seizures than siblings had declines in processing speed. Declines in neuropsychological functioning were correlated with worse mental health. With regard to risk and protective factors, higher parent education protected against decline in self‐esteem related to decline in processing speed. Better family functioning and greater parental support protected against decline in self‐esteem related to decrease in verbal memory and learning. Older child age protected against increase in depressive symptoms related to decline in processing speed.Discussion:  Seizure onset had a negative impact on mental health in children with declines in cognitive functioning except for older children and those with more family resources. Children should be assessed for declines in processing speed and, if found, those subgroups of children with less educated or more anxious parents and those in less supportive families should be targeted for interventions.
How common is brain atrophy in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy?
Authors: Bonilha Leonardo , Elm Jordan J. , Edwards Jonathan C. , Morgan Paul S. , Hicks Christian , Lozar Carl , Rumboldt Zoran , Roberts Donna R. , Rorden Chris , Eckert Mark A. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryPurpose:  It is unclear whether extrahippocampal brain damage in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is a homogeneous phenomenon, as most data relates to the average volume reduction in groups of patients. This study aimed to evaluate where and how much atrophy is to be expected in an individual patient with MTLE.Methods:  High‐resolution T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained from 23 consecutive patients with unilateral MTLE and from a matched control group. Parametric tests of voxel‐based gray matter volume evaluated mean regional atrophy in MTLE compared with controls. Gray matter images were then submitted to a voxel by voxel calculation of the fitted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve area, plotting the sensitivity versus 1–specificity for a binary classifier (MTLE vs. controls). The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each voxel and a resulting three‐dimensional map of gray matter voxel‐wise AUCs was obtained.Results:  On average, patients with MTLE showed atrophy in the ipsilateral hippocampus and on a limbic network. Elevated AUC was demonstrated in the ipsilateral hippocampus and medial temporal lobe, the ipsilateral thalamus and occipitotemporal cortex, the ipsilateral cerebellum, the cingulate, the contralateral insula, and the occipitoparietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.Conclusion:  This study suggests that the medial temporal lobe, occipitotemporal areas, the cerebellum, the cingulate cortex, the ipsilateral insula, and thalamus are more likely to be atrophied in randomly selected patients with MTLE. Structures such as the orbitofrontal cortex, the contralateral medial temporal areas and insula, the putamen, and the caudate may be atrophied, but not as consistently.
Absence of DOMR, a new antigen in the Dombrock blood group system that weakens expression of Dob, Gya, Hy, Joa, and DOYA antigens
Authors: Costa Flávia Pinheiro S. , Hue‐Roye Kim , Sausais Laima , Velliquette Randall W. , Da Costa Ferreira Eliete , Lomas‐Francis Christine , Reid Marion E. 
Published: April 2010

BACKGROUND: The Dombrock (Do) blood group system consists of six distinct antigens: Doa, Dob, Gya, Hy, Joa, and DOYA. Our finding of a pregnant patient whose red blood cells (RBCs) were Hy+ but whose serum contained an apparent alloanti‐Hy suggested the presence of a seventh antigen and prompted this study.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Standard hemagglutination and polymerase chain reaction–based methods were used throughout.RESULTS: The patient's RBCs typed as Do(a–b+w), Gy(a+w), Hy+w, Jo(a+w), and DOYA+w. Her serum agglutinated RBCs with common Dombrock phenotypes. Hy– RBC samples were very weakly reactive or nonreactive, Jo(a–) and DOYA– RBC samples were reactive, and Gy(a–) RBC samples were nonreactive. Reactivity was obtained with RBCs treated with papain or α‐chymotrypsin, but not with RBCs treated with trypsin or dithiothreitol. DNA analysis showed the patient to be DO*793G (DO*B/DO*B), DO*323G, DO*350C, DO*547T, and DO*898G and revealed two homozygous nucleotide changes of DO*431C>A and DO*432C>A in Exon 2, which predicts a change of Ala (GCC) at Amino Acid 144 to Glu (GAA). This indicates that she is homozygous DO*B‐WL with Nucleotide 431 and 432 changes, which without knowing the effect of the two novel changes, is predicted to encode the Do(a–b+), Gy(a+), Hy+, Jo(a+), DOYA+ phenotype.CONCLUSIONS: The antibody in the patient's plasma recognizes the high‐prevalence antigen absent from her RBCs. The Ala144Glu change caused an absence of a high‐prevalence Do antigen that we have named DOMR [provisional ISBT number 014007 (DO7)]. The absence of DOMR is associated with weakening of Dob, Gya, Hy, Joa, and DOYA antigens.
The Demand for Life Insurance Policy Loans
Authors: Liebenberg Andre P. , Carson James M. , Hoyt Robert E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPrevious research has examined the demand for life insurance policy loans using aggregate policy loan data. In contrast, we use a detailed household survey data set containing life insurance and policy loan information to alternatively, and in some cases more directly, examine the four hypotheses traditionally associated with policy loan demand. Our research provides the first U.S. evidence (in the post–World War II period) in support of the policy loan emergency fund hypothesis. In particular, we find that the more detailed emergency fund proxies used here reveal a significantly positive relation between loan demand and recent expense or income shocks.
Adhesion pattern and growth of primary human osteoblastic cells on five commercially available titanium surfaces
Authors: Passeri Giovanni , Cacchioli Antonio , Ravanetti Francesca , Galli Carlo , Elezi Erida , Macaluso Guido M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study is to analyze the morphology and proliferation of human osteoblastic cells in vitro on five commercially available titanium surfaces.Materials and methods: Human primary cells of the osteoblastic lineage were obtained from bone explants. The cells were plated on polished (T1), machined (T2), sand‐blasted/acid‐etched (T3), sand‐blasted/acid‐etched, modified with hydrogen peroxide rinse (T4), and plasma‐sprayed titanium (T5) disks. Cell morphology was studied after 6, 24, 72 h, 7 and 14 days of culture by scanning electron microscopy. The formation and distribution of focal adhesions was investigated by immunocytochemical staining at 3, 6 and 24 h. Cell growth was measured by an MTT assay after 3, 7 and 9 days of culture. Moreover, the production of osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin (OPG) was evaluated in the supernatants by ELISA.Results: Morphological analysis revealed that substrate topography profoundly affected cells' shape and their anchoring structures. Large lamellipodia were formed on polished and machined surfaces, while thin filopodia were more frequently observed on T3 and T4 samples. Moreover, cells formed stronger focal adhesions on T3 and T4 surfaces, and cell proliferation was higher on rough surfaces. Osteocalcin production was higher on the T4 surface, whereas OPG steadily increased on every surface.Conclusions: Taken together, these data show that all the surfaces allowed cell attachment, adhesion and proliferation, but T4 and T5 surfaces appeared to be a better substrate for the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of cells of the osteoblastic lineage. To cite this article:
Passeri G, Cacchioli A, Ravanetti F, Galli C, Elezi E, Macaluso GM. Adhesion pattern and growth of primary human osteoblastic cells on five commercially available titanium surfaces. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 756–765. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01906.x