bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the factors supporting language teachers’ sustained motivation until retirement
Authors: Haukås Åsta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile many language teachers leave the profession early, others thrive and teach until retirement. Understanding how these teachers maintain their passion can help identify the support needed for their personal and professional growth. However, research on the factors behind their sustained happiness in the teaching profession is limited. The main objective of this qualitative study was to explore the beliefs and career stories of three recently retired German language teachers in Norway, recognized for their long‐term motivation and effective teaching over several decades. Data were generated from in‐depth semistructured interviews and analyzed through the lens of self‐determination theory. The analysis revealed that the teachers shared several key characteristics. First, they enjoyed a high degree of autonomy related to the choice of subject content and teaching approaches. Second, they perceived themselves as highly competent in the subject and expressed a passion for it. Third, they cherished being with students and managed to establish good relationships with them. The findings suggest that teachers should be aware of their basic psychological needs and reflect on how they can be fulfilled. Furthermore, school administrators should foster trust in teachers as autonomous professionals and actively support their competency development and relationships with students and colleagues.
The growth effect of crude oil revenue and capital investment: The Nigerian perspective
Authors: Salaudeen Mohammed Bashir , Emmanuel Precious Muhammed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study assesses how oil revenue and capital investment affected Nigeria's economic growth from 1981 to 2020. The study uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and Toda–Yamamoto causality models for analysis. More so, we considered the possibility of structural break and thus utilised the Lee–Strazicich LM unit root test. The structural break unit roots confirm the stationarity of the variables with identified breakpoints. Therefore, the ARDL result reveals that crude oil revenue enhances short‐ and long‐term economic growth; the short‐term effect is insignificant, but it is very substantial in the long term. Again, capital investment positively but insignificantly drives short‐period economic growth. However, capital investment substantially promotes long‐term economic growth. The causality evidence indicates that crude oil revenue causes capital investment and economic growth. Also, capital investment and economic growth exhibit bidirectional causality. The evidence suggests improving oil revenue by increasing crude oil exports and ensuring pipeline security to reduce oil theft. The government should channel crude oil earnings toward capital investment to promote real economic productivity.
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) improvement: Challenges and prospects—A review
Authors: Gebreyohannes Adane , Shimelis Hussein , Mashilo Jacob , Odeny Damaris A. , Tadesse Taye , Ojiewo Chris O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFinger millet is a climate‐resilient and highly nutritious small grain crop widely grown in the semi‐arid tropics. It has multiple uses, including for food, feed and beverage preparations. However, finger millet is an under‐utilized and under‐researched crop with a mean yield of <1.0 t/ha despite a potential productivity of up to 8 t/ha. The yield gap is attributed to several production constraints, such as biotic and abiotic stresses, a lack of access to improved seeds and production inputs and poor agronomic management practices. There are valuable genetic resources and genetic variability of finger millet in its centres of diversity and global gene banks for variety design, product development and commercialization. The genetic variability can be harnessed further to integrate essential traits into candidate varieties through conventional and modern breeding methods. Breeding and genetic innovations such as genomics‐assisted breeding, mutation breeding and genome editing would accelerate finger millet breeding and new variety design and deployment. The objective of this review was to document the opportunities, challenges and prospects of finger millet improvement as a guide for variety development and deployment with enhanced grain yield and nutritional contents. The first section describes global production status and yield gains, major production and productivity challenges in finger millet. This is followed by an in‐depth presentation on breeding and genetic progress on variety development with improved agronomic and nutritional quality traits, drought and salinity tolerance, and fungal diseases, weeds and insect pest resistance. Further, the review summarized finger millet's genetic and genomic resources, reference genomes, whole genome re‐sequencing and transcriptomics of finger millet technologies, genetic engineering and genome editing and their integration with conventional breeding methods for variety design with desired end‐use traits. The review provides foundational information to expedite the development of new‐generation finger millet cultivars with desirable product profiles, including high grain yield potential, early maturity, desirable seed colour, compact head type, food and feed nutrients quality and high marketability through modern breeding approaches.
Characterization of Colletotrichum species obtained from citrus in northern Thailand and introducing a new host record for C. plurivorum
Authors: Najafiniya Mousa , de Farias Antonio Roberto Gomes , Armand Alireza , Jungkhun Nootjarin , Jayawardena Ruvishika 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCitrus trees are affected by many plant‐pathogenic fungi. The present study aimed to characterize Colletotrichum species on citrus showing anthracnose symptoms, leaf and fruit spot and wither tip in northern Thailand using multilocus data and assay their pathogenicity. The surveys were carried out from December 2021 to January 2022 and 73 isolates were obtained from infected tissues. The fungal strains were identified based on morphological traits and were confirmed via amplification and sequencing of ITS, ACT, CHS‐1, GAPDH and TUB2. In all, 41 isolates were subjected to multilocus phylogeny. Forty of these isolates of Colletotrichum species belonged to the C. gloeosporioides species complex and one isolate belonged to the C. orchidearum species complex. Colletotrichum siamense, comprising 19 isolates, was the most dominant species associated with symptomatic citrus, followed by C. gloeosporioides (17 isolates), C. fructicola (three isolates), C. endophytica (one isolate) and C. plurivorum (one isolate). C. plurivorum is reported for the first time from citrus in the world. These isolates were obtained from mandarin (Citrus reticulata), pomelo (C. maxima), Persian lime (C. latifolia), Thai lime (C. hystrix) and acid lime (C. aurantifolia). The pathogenicity of the isolated fungi was tested through inoculation on branch, fruit and leaf using the detached method on mandarin, pomelo and Persian lime hosts, confirming Koch's postulate. In terms of disease severity, C. gloeosporioides and C. siamense were observed to be the most pathogenic species. This is the first pathogenic and molecular study of Colletotrichum species infecting citrus in northern Thailand.
Identification of Hsp20 gene family in Malus domestica and functional characterization of Hsp20 class I gene MdHsp18.2b
Authors: Zhang Fu‐Jun , Li Zhao‐Yang , Zhang De‐En , Ma Ning , Wang Yong‐Xu , Zhang Ting‐Ting , Zhao Qiang , Zhang Zhenlu , You Chun‐Xiang , Lu Xiao‐Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHeat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) is a small molecule heat shock protein that plays an important role in plant growth, development, and stress resistance. Little is known about the function of Hsp20 family genes in apple (Malus domestica). Here, we performed a genome‐wide analysis of the apple Hsp20 gene family, and a total of 49 Hsp20s genes were identified from the apple genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 49 genes were divided into 11 subfamilies, and MdHsp18.2b, a member located in the CI branch, was selected as a representative member for functional characterization. Treatment with NaCl and Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea), the causal agent of apple ring rot disease, significantly induced MdHsp18.2b transcription level. Further analysis revealed that overexpressing MdHsp18.2b reduced the resistance to salt stress but enhanced the resistance to B. dothidea infection in apple calli. Moreover, MdHsp18.2b positively regulated anthocyanin accumulation in apple calli. Physiology assays revealed that MdHsp18.2b promoted H2O2 production, even in the absence of stress factors, which might contribute to its functions in response to NaCl and B. dothidea infection. Hsps usually function as homo‐ or heterooligomers, and we found that MdHsp18.2b could form a heterodimer with MdHsp17.9a and MdHsp17.5, two members from the same branch with MdHsp18.2b in the phylogenetic tree. Therefore, we identified 49 Hsp20s genes from the apple genome and found that MdHsp18.2b was involved in regulating plant resistance to salt stress and B. dothidea infection, as well as in regulating anthocyanin accumulation in apple calli.
Exploring provider preference and provision of abortion methods and stigma: Secondary analysis of a United Kingdom provider survey
Authors: Footman Katy , Bright Suzanna , Kavanagh Jayne , Parnham Emma , Bury Louise , Hoggart Lesley 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionMethod choice is an important component of quality abortion care and qualitative research suggests that abortion stigma can influence provider preference and provision of abortion methods. This study is the first to explore the relationships between abortion providers' method preferences, their provision of medication or instrumentation abortion or both methods, and abortion stigma.MethodsWe conducted secondary analysis of a survey of United Kingdom (UK) abortion providers (N = 172) to describe and compare providers' self‐reported method preferences and provision. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess the association between method preference and provider experiences of abortion stigma (measured using a revised Abortion Provider Stigma Scale (APSS)), adjusting for relevant provider and facility characteristics.ResultsAlmost half (52%) of providers reported that they only provided medication abortion care, while 5% only provided instrumentation abortion care and 43% provided both methods. Most (62%) preferred to provide both methods while 32% preferred to provide only medication abortion and 6% only instrumentation abortion. There was no significant difference in revised APSS scores by provider method preference or provision.DiscussionMost surveyed UK abortion providers prefer to offer both methods, but over half only provide medication abortion. This may reflect patients' preferences for medication abortion, and health system and legal constraints on instrumentation abortion. Addressing these systemic constraints on method provision could expand patient choice. Providers' method preference was not significantly associated with provider stigma but future research should consider the influence of structural stigma on method provision at the health system level.
A prospective study of sexual risk patterns associated with delinquency and justice involvement among child welfare system‐involved male adolescents in the United States
Authors: Grant Nickholas , Merrin Gabriel J. , April Keisha , April‐Sandars Ayana , Arora Ishita , Gordon Derrick 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionEarly sexual activity and teen pregnancy are known risk factors for delinquency and justice involvement among male adolescents. However, less is known about these patterns among child welfare system (CWS)‐involved boys who face significant social barriers and past/current traumatic experiences.MethodsWe prospectively examined these associations among male adolescents who identified as low and high risk for child‐maltreatment via a secondary data analysis of the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect dataset—a large scale assessment of children, their parents, and their teachers in the United States to understand issues of child abuse and neglect. We extracted and examined data from 657 boys who were identified as at‐risk for maltreatment or with histories of substantiated maltreatment at ages 6, 8, 12, 14, and 16. We used structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between sexual activity (i.e., age of sexual debut, actively having sex, and sex resulting in a child) and changes in delinquency and justice involvement.ResultsMale adolescents who have engaged in sex and/or have fathered a child had greater increases in delinquency over time compared to those who have not had sex. Further, fathering a child was significantly associated with justice involvement, especially for the high‐risk group.ConclusionResults indicate that greater efforts should be taken to ascertain CWS‐involved male adolescents' sexual health practices and parenting status. Male adolescents in the CWS require support with accessing developmentally appropriate sexual health education and family services.
Input legitimacy of bottom‐up fishery governance: Lessons from community‐led local development in two Nordic EU countries
Authors: Svels Kristina , Thuesen Annette Aagaard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn European Union member states, the community‐led local development (CLLD) approach implemented through Fisheries Local Action Groups (FLAGs) represents different social organisational and democratic traditions. Hence, FLAGs operate and apply local development strategies and strengthen the role of fishing communities and the fishing industry under the influence of nationally contingent factors. Based on document analysis and mixed methods data, this article addresses the role of input legitimacy in FLAGs in Denmark and Finland. The findings show that Danish FLAGs demonstrate input legitimacy, while the fishery sector's interests are relatively weakly represented on FLAG boards. In Finland, the FLAG institutional system is perceived to be more flexible, demonstrating a lower level of input legitimacy, while the fishery sector's interests are substantially represented on FLAG boards. The comparison provides an analytical basis for member states financing CLLD through EMFAF and paves the way for reflexion on the FLAG governance system based on different programming periods and institutional contexts.
The causal relationship between atopic dermatitis and brain cancer: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xin Yu , Yuan Tao , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis ranks among the prevalent skin disorders. Research has indicated a potential association with brain cancer. Yet, establishing a direct causal relationship between atopic dermatitis and brain cancer continues to be challenging.Materials and MethodsWe extracted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with atopic dermatitis (sample size = 382 254) at a genome‐wide level from a large Finnish Genome‐Wide Association Study (GWAS) dataset (n cases = 15 208, n controls = 367 046). Summary data for 372 622 cases of brain cancer (n cases = 606, n controls = 372 016) were obtained via the IEU Open GWAS database. We employed the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method as our primary analytical approach for Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Additionally, heterogeneity was measured using Cochran's Q value, and horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated using MR‐Egger 、Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier and leave‐one‐out analyses.ResultsThe risk of brain cancer increases with the presence of atopic dermatitis, as evidenced by the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs),(OR = 1.0005; 95% CI = 1.0001, 1.0009; p = 0.0096). However, when conducting the analysis in reverse, no significant link was observed.ConclusionThe findings from our study indicate a causative link between atopic dermatitis and brain cancer, highlighting the importance of conducting broader clinical investigations into their potential association going forward.
The Value of Master's Degree Programmes in Health Professions Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: O'Callaghan Charlotte , Sandars John , Brown Jeremy , Sherratt Cathy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere are increasing numbers of Master's Degree Programmes in Health Professions Education (MHPE), and the value to their students and graduates is not well understood. We conducted a scoping review to explore what is known about the value of MHPE programmes to their students and graduates.MethodsA scoping review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's five‐stage framework. PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, BEI, ERIC and EThOs databases were searched in addition to cited reference searching. Original research with an evaluation and published in the English language were included.ResultsNineteen studies were included. Studies were based in a variety of locations on five continents, and included in‐person, distance and blended learning. Students and graduates of MHPE programmes self‐reported development of their pedagogical knowledge, confidence and credibility in their role as an educator, and educational scholarship. Enhanced career opportunities and opportunities for collegial interactions and networks were also reported. Important barriers included struggling with the time and financial commitments required for studying on a MHPE programme.ConclusionsThere are a variety of dimensions of value of MHPE programmes to their students and graduates. Important practical recommendations for MHPE programme providers and employers include providing opportunities for the development of networks and supporting the time and financial commitments required for studying.
U‐Pb carbonate dating reveals long‐lived activity of proximal margin extensional faults during the Alpine Tethys rifting
Authors: Rocca M. , Zanchetta S. , Gasparrini M. , Mangenot X. , Berra F. , Deschamps P. , Guihou A. , Zanchi A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSyn‐rift extensional faults play a significant role during the early stage of rifting. Constraining the age of faulting, and how and when deformation shifts from the proximal to the distal margin areas, is crucial for the reconstruction of the rifting process. Previous assessments of the structural and temporal evolution of rift‐related faults of the Adria proximal margin have primarily relied on indirect biostratigraphic evidence. Additionally, the majority of rift‐related faults underwent tectonic inversion during the Alpine orogeny. In this study, in‐situ U‐Pb geochronology was applied on syn‐kinematic calcites to unravel the activity of the Amora Fault, a remarkable example of a Jurassic growth fault unaffected by the Alpine orogeny. The obtained ages, spanning from Hettangian to Callovian, extend the AF activity beyond the previously established Early Jurassic time. This chrono‐structural model has significant implications on the role of major extensional faults in focusing deformation throughout the rift system's evolution.
Genome editing of a recalcitrant wine grape genotype by lipofectamine‐mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins to protoplasts
Authors: Gambino Giorgio , Nuzzo Floriana , Moine Amedeo , Chitarra Walter , Pagliarani Chiara , Petrelli Annalisa , Boccacci Paolo , Delliri Andrea , Velasco Riccardo , Nerva Luca , Perrone Irene 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYThe main bottleneck in the application of biotechnological breeding methods to woody species is due to the in vitro regeneration recalcitrance shown by several genotypes. On the other side, woody species, especially grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), use most of the pesticides and other expensive inputs in agriculture, making the development of efficient approaches of genetic improvement absolutely urgent. Genome editing is an extremely promising technique particularly for wine grape genotypes, as it allows to modify the desired gene in a single step, preserving all the quality traits selected and appreciated in elite varieties. A genome editing and regeneration protocol for the production of transgene‐free grapevine plants, exploiting the lipofectamine‐mediated direct delivery of CRISPR–Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) to target the phytoene desaturase gene, is reported. We focused on Nebbiolo (V. vinifera), an extremely in vitro recalcitrant wine genotype used to produce outstanding wines, such as Barolo and Barbaresco. The use of the PEG‐mediated editing method available in literature and employed for highly embryogenic grapevine genotypes did not allow the proper embryo development in the recalcitrant Nebbiolo. Lipofectamines, on the contrary, did not have a negative impact on protoplast viability and plant regeneration, leading to the obtainment of fully developed edited plants after about 5 months from the transfection. Our work represents one of the first examples of lipofectamine use for delivering editing reagents in plant protoplasts. The important result achieved for the wine grape genotype breeding could be extended to other important wine grape varieties and recalcitrant woody species.
Omega-3 Status Evaluation in Australian Female Rugby League Athletes: Ad Libitum Fish Oil Provision Results in a Varied Omega-3 Index
Authors: Anthony Ryan , Jaffrey Nicola , Byron Caitlin , Peoples Gregory E. , Macartney Michael J. 
Published: April 2024

Optimal omega-3 status, influenced by increased intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is vital for physiological health. This study investigated the impact of ad libitum fish oil supplementation on the omega-3 status of female athletes in a professional rugby league team during a competitive season. Twenty-four (n = 24) athletes participated, and their omega-3 status was assessed using the Omega-3 Index (O3I) and arachidonic acid (AA) to EPA ratio through finger-prick blood samples taken at the start and end of the season. They were given access to a fish oil supplement (PILLAR Performance, Australia) with a recommended daily dose of four capsules per day (2,160 mg EPA and 1,440 mg docosahexaenoic acid). At the beginning of the season, the group mean O3I was 4.77% (95% confidence interval [CI: 4.50, 5.04]) and the AA to EPA ratio was 14.89 (95% CI [13.22, 16.55]). None of the athletes had an O3I exceeding 8%. By the season’s end, the O3I was a significantly increased to 7.28% (95% CI [6.64, 7.93], p < .0001) and AA to EPA ratio significantly decreased to a mean of 6.67 (95% CI [5.02, 8.31], p < .0001), driven primarily by the significant increase in EPA of +1.14% (95% CI [0.77, 1.51], p < .0001). However, these changes were varied between the athletes and most likely due to compliance. This study has demonstrated that using the objective O3I feedback scale is possible with elite female rugby athletes, but individual strategies will be required to achieve daily intake targets of EPA + DHA.