bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous arrival of multiple UAVs under imperfect communication
Authors: Makhdoom Iftikhar H. , Shi‐Yin Qin 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new algorithm for in‐mission trajectories and speed adjustment of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) participating in a mission that requires them to arrive at target location simultaneously with switching and imperfect communication among the vehicles.Design/methodology/approachThis algorithm, programmed at each UAV level, is based on the repeated consensus seeking among the participating vehicles about the time‐on‐target (ToT) through an imperfect inter‐vehicle communication link. The vehicles exchange their individual ToT values repeatedly for a particular duration to pick the highest value among all the vehicles in communication. A consensus confidence flag is set high when consensus is successful. After every consensus cycle with high confidence value, the mission adjustment is carried out by computing difference value between ToT consensus and a threshold value. For the difference values higher than a certain limit, vehicle's trajectory is adjusted by in‐mission insertion of new waypoint (WP) and for lower values the vehicle's speed is varied under allowable limits. The consensus seeking followed by the mission adjustment is repeated periodically to quash the imperfect communication effects.FindingsA mathematical analysis has been carried out to establish the conditions for convergence of the algorithm. The simultaneous arrival of the vehicles subjected to switching communication is achieved only when the union of the switching links during the consensus period enables a vehicle to receive information from all the other vehicles and the switching rate is sufficiently high. This algorithm has been tested in a 6‐degree‐of‐freedom (DoF) multiple UAV simulation environment and achieves simultaneous arrival of multiple fixed wing UAVs under imperfect communication links that meets the aforementioned conditions.Research limitations/implicationsThe presented algorithm and design strategy can be extended for other types of cooperative control missions where certain variable of interest is shared among all the vehicles over imperfect communication environment. The design is modular in functionality and can be incorporated into existing vehicles or simulations.Originality/valueThis research presents a new consensus algorithm that repeatedly performs polling of ToT among the vehicles through intermittent communication. The continual nature of consensus seeking covers the weakness of the imperfect communication. A two‐level mission adjustment provides better accuracy in simultaneous arrival at the target location.
Head‐tilt and pilot fatigue measured by flight simulation
Authors: Zallen Harold , Cochran John E. , Bailey Judith Ann 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to define and determine quantifiable measurements for head‐tilt and pilot fatigue by detecting and measuring the six degrees of freedom (6DOF) head motion of test subjects performing flight simulation operations.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a flight simulator that met the needs of the research project was designed and fabricated. Second, the tracking system was tested and deemed operable through a series of shakedown runs. Then, the head motion of test subjects was detected and measured using infrared technology. Finally, the data collected were used to establish definitions for head‐tilt and pilot fatigue.FindingsHead‐tilt and pilot fatigue were defined and evidence of their presence was observed in the head motion data.Practical implicationsThe goal of this research is to reduce aircraft accidents upon landing and take‐off for general, commercial, and military aviation to include unmanned aerial vehicles.Originality/valueLiterature which covers the definition and measurement of a pilot's head motion in flight is unclear. By defining the optokinetic phenomena of head‐tilt and precisely measuring pilot head motion and developing and using tests of pilots based on the results to screen for head‐tilt, the number of land aircraft veering off runways during both landing and takeoff can be reduced. Also, the number of aircraft overshooting the flight deck on an aircraft carrier can be reduced, as well as fewer crashes upon landing of unmanned aerial vehicles.
Nonlinear trajectory control of a flapping‐wing micro aerial vehicle
Authors: Khanmirza Esmaeel , Yousefi‐Koma Aghil , Tarvirdizadeh Bahram 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a nonlinear control system for flight trajectory control of flapping Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs), subjected to wind.Design/methodology/approachIn the dynamic study and fabrication of the MAV, biomimetic principles are considered as the best inspiration for the MAV's flight as well as design constraints. The blade element theory, which is a two‐dimensional quasi‐steady state method, is modified to consider the effect of MAV's translational and rotational velocity. A quaternion‐based dynamic wrench method is then developed for the dynamic system.FindingsThe flapping flight dynamics is highly nonlinear and the system is under‐actuated, so any linear control strategy fails to meet any desired maneuver for trajectory tracking. In this study, a controller with quaternion‐based feedback linearization method is designed for the dynamical averaged system. It is shown that the original system is bonded to a stable limit cycle with desired amplitude and the controller inputs are bounded.Practical implicationsThe effectiveness of a synthesized controller is proved for the cruse and the Cuban‐8 maneuver.Originality/valueThe authors' major contribution is developing feedback linearization quaternion‐based controller and deriving some essential mathematics for implementing quaternion model in the synthesis of controller. A piezoelectric‐actuated wing model is developed for the control system. Results of cursing and turning modes of the flight indicate the stability of the flight. Finally, an appropriate controller is designed for the Cuban‐8 maneuver so that the MAV would follow the trajectory with a bounded fluctuation.
Bias in strategic initiative continuance decisions: framing interactions and HRD practices
Authors: Workman Michael 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a model of how cognitive biases and framing effects influence managerial decision‐making about strategic initiatives.Design/methodology/approachBecause the author was interested in understanding real‐world practices about strategic decisions, he chose to conduct a quasi‐experimental field study over a three‐year period with managers in a multinational corporation. He developed a questionnaire and a series of vignettes for the independent measures, and examined database records of decisions for the dependent measures.FindingsAfter validating the instrument items, the author conducted a confirmatory factor analysis for model fit, and then tested the model's predictive ability and interactions. The model indicated that risk aversion, overconfidence, anchoring, and expected utility affected commitment decisions, and these factors interacted with framing effects.Originality/valueDecision‐makers often fall victim to biases and make sub‐optimal decisions, especially regarding long‐term strategic initiatives. To illustrate, some managers may continue to invest in initiatives that have little or no hope of succeeding because they have already invested heavily in them, or they may prematurely terminate them. An explanatory model is helpful to management and organizational developers to learn how to make optimal decisions using normative rules.
How open innovation affects the drivers of competitive advantage
Authors: Reed Richard , Storrud‐Barnes Susan , Jessup Len 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to explore how community‐controlled open innovation affects cost‐ and differentiation‐based competitive advantage, and to explain how it allows some sources of economic rent to remain while others are taken away. Although models of competitive‐advantage remain relevant, open innovation means that the main drivers of performance are changed. Open innovation means that there are implications for firms' ability to profit from intellectual property that they do not own. The paper seeks to address those issues.Design/methodology/approachThe work is conceptual.FindingsEconomic rents from property rights disappear, those from economies of scale and capital requirements are reduced, but those from experience‐curve effects, differentiation, distribution, and switching costs remain. Similarly, rents from the difficult‐to‐imitate resources of networks and reputation remain intact, and while those from employee knowhow and culture remain, they are likely to be in reduced amounts.Research limitations/implicationsPropositions are provided for empirical testing. There also is a need to identify breakpoints between open‐innovation benefits and the costs associated with lost innovation skills, and a need to extend this work to firm‐controlled and third‐party controlled open innovation.Practical implicationsFor some firms open innovation will not adversely affect competitive advantage but those whose advantage is driven by barriers to entry, skills in innovation and anticipating customer needs, or that rely on proprietary product designs, can lose in the longer term.Originality/valueWhere the majority of work examining open innovation addresses property rights, economic rationales, governance, and processes, this work focuses on the effects of open innovation on strategy content and consequent firm performance.
Organizational emotional memory
Authors: Akgün Ali E. , Keskin Halit , Byrne John 
Published: January 2012

PurposeAs a fascinating concept, the term of organizational memory attracted many researchers from a variety of disciplines. In particular, the content of organizational memory, which involves declarative and procedural memory, found broad research interest in the management literature. Nevertheless, there is sparse research in the management literature on the emotional content aspect of organizational memory. Emotional memory is a less obvious aspect of the organizational memory and should be conceptualized, defined and investigated to enhance the literature on the organizational memory. The purpose of this study is to: define and establish the characteristics of organizational emotional memory; discuss the process of emotional memory in organizations such as how emotional memory can be developed and retrieved, and where it can be stored in organizations; and develop arguments regarding the roles of emotional memory in organizations to enhance the current theory on organizational memory.Design/methodology/approachThis study reviews a variety of literature on the organizational memory and emotions.FindingsThis study demonstrated that emotional memory of organizations influences their routines, beliefs and procedures, and management should consider the past emotional experience of organizations to be more innovative.Practical implicationsBy introducing the emotional memory process in organizations, this study helps managers to control, regulate or manipulate the recollections of past emotional events to perform effectively.Originality/valueThis study offers a contribution to the management literature by identifying the emotional memory concept and its processes, and presenting a model of interrelationships among emotional memory, declarative and procedural memory. In particular, this study adds new insight to the literature on the emotional life of organizations and offers literature a tool for both understanding and theorizing about emotion in organizations by making emotional memory concept explicit in a multidisciplinary understanding of organizational phenomena, and by providing a framework to clarify how we might conceptualize emotional memory.
Customer relationship management capabilities
Authors: Wang Yonggui , Feng Hui 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThis study seeks to extend the resource‐based view to the context of customer relationship management. It is intended to develop a measurement model of customer relationship management (CRM) capabilities, and to explore the key antecedents and performance consequences of CRM capabilities.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaire survey was used to collect data. In order to develop a reliable and valid measurement model of CRM capabilities, several rounds of questionnaire survey were conducted, and hypotheses were tested by utilizing the technique of structural equation modeling.FindingsA three‐factor (customer interaction management capability, customer relationship upgrading capability and customer win‐back capability) measurement model of CRM capabilities is developed and tested. Furthermore, results support the hypothesized influences of customer orientation, customer‐centric organizational system and CRM technology on CRM capabilities, as well as the influence of CRM capabilities on organizational performance.Practical implicationsThis study provides a useful measurement mode of CRM capabilities that managers can use to evaluate the status in quo of CRM capabilities of their firms. Managers may also improve their CRM programs more effectively and efficiently by deploying such strategic resources of firms as customer orientation, customer‐centric organizational system and CRM technology to build and strengthen their CRM capabilities.Originality/valueThe paper addresses significant gaps in the current literature by taking a capability view of CRM, developing a valid measurement model of CRM capabilities, and examining how possession of important CRM resources influences the effective deployment of CRM capabilities.
Financial development, investor protection, and corporate commitment to sustainability
Authors: Yu Vincent F. , Ting Hsiu‐I 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate whether the relationship between financial development/investor protection and corporate commitment to sustainability is related to social contagion, neighborhood effect, and community effect.Design/methodology/approachThe study applies correlation analysis, difference tests, and regression model to a sample comprised of 369 large firms listed on FTSE Global 500 covering 11 industries, located in 31 countries. This paper examines three country‐level variables, financial development index, shareholder rights index, and strength of investor protection, and five corporate commitment to sustainability measures, Carbon Disclosure Leadership Index, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions (direct, electricity indirect, and other indirect GHG emissions), and the corresponding carbon intensity.FindingsThe results support the view that the relationship between financial development/investor protection and corporate commitment to sustainability is associated with social contagion, neighborhood effect, and community effect. Companies are more willing to commit to carbon disclosure for countries with higher financial development. Corporate commitment to sustainability is lower if neighbor countries' financial development or shareholder rights are high. Similarly, companies place less strategic importance on climate change issues if their community countries protect investors better, notwithstanding their relatively low level of other indirect GHG emissions.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research may build on this research by supplementing the current data with more variables such as domestic financial sector liberalization or measures, such as business environment, financial stability, and size, depth, and access. The negative relationship between commitment to sustainability and investor rights suggests that investor rights and commitment to sustainability are singing different tunes. Corporate commitment to sustainability does not keep pace with investor rights especially for countries with better shareholder rights or investor protection.Originality/valueThis study provides a new perspective on the relationship between financial development/investor protection and commitment to sustainability. This study contributes to the existing literature by using five measures of corporate commitment to sustainability based on firm‐specific data using a sample of the FTSE Global 500. This paper provides a better understanding of the relationship between country‐level characteristics and commitment to sustainability in an environment where global integration is relatively high.
Open innovation in the public sector of leading countries
Authors: Lee Sang M. , Hwang Taewon , Choi Donghyun 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the current open innovation practices in the public sector of leading countries.Design/methodology/approachUsing a framework based on the role of the government in open innovation, this study analyses a profile of early open innovation adopters based on collected data from secondary sources.FindingsFirst, the USA, Australia and Singapore developed open innovation policies at the national level, facilitating a positive innovation climate. Many projects, especially those in online platforms, were established under these policies. Second, although outside‐in open innovation principles seem to be popular, there have been emerging attempts to exploit the value of government data through inside‐out approaches.Research limitations/implicationsMost governments are in the early stages of adoption of open innovation and are in the process of understanding relevant issues. Future research should investigate how governments adopt open innovation, in particular inside‐out initiatives.Practical implicationsGovernments should develop an overarching strategic plan, which would help its employees to recognise that new change is consistent with the needs of their workplace practices. Some organizations and projects led by citizens help the government engage external ideas in solving issues that are beyond its control.Originality/valueThis study is the first attempt to examine the current open innovation policies at the government level.
Are ethical theories relevant for ethical leadership?
Authors: Dion Michel 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe aim of this study is to know if ethical theories could be connected to some leadership approaches.Design/methodology/approachIn the paper eight leadership approaches are selected: directive leadership, self‐leadership, authentic leadership, transactional leadership, shared leadership, charismatic leadership, servant leadership, transformational leadership. Five western ethical theories (philosophical egoism, utilitarianism, Kantianism, ethics of virtue, ethics of responsibility) are analyzed to see to what extent their basic concepts could be connected to one or the other leadership approach.FindingsA given ethical theory (such as philosophical egoism) could be suitable to the components of various leadership approaches. Ethical leadership does not imply that a given leadership approach is reflecting only one ethical theory. Rather, ethical leadership implies that for different reasons, various leadership approaches could agree with the same ethical theory. This is what we could call the “moral flexibility of leadership approaches”.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on western ethical theories. A similar study should be undertaken for Eastern ethical theories coming from Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism, or Daoism.Practical implicationsSome dualisms (such as Kantianism‐transformational leadership, philosophical egoism‐transactional leadership) do not reflect the philosophical connections between ethical theories and leadership approaches. Thus, the notion of ethical leadership would have to be redefined. In doing so, the paper reveals how a given ethical theory could be used by different kinds of leaders, and for very different reasons.Originality/valueThis study will contribute to make ethical theories and ethical leadership more interconnected, in spite of the different (parallel) “conceptual universes” in which they have evolved until now.
Image and similarity: an identity orientation perspective to organizational identification
Authors: Gonzalez Jorge A. , Chakraborty Subhajit 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the role of perceived external image and similarity in values, beliefs and interests with an organization's leaders and other members on organizational identification.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents results of a field survey research in two non‐work organizational contexts, a professional association, and a college business fraternity. Hypotheses were tested with ordinary least squares regression and mediation analyses.FindingsPerceived external image and perceived similarity with the organization's leaders and other members influence organizational identification. Perceived similarity partially mediates the relationship between external image and identification.Research limitations/implicationsThe study implements a cross‐sectional design and relies on self‐reports. The results have important implications for organizational identification and related behaviors both in work and non‐work contexts.Practical implicationsThe study presents implications for enhancing member identification with an organization, which is related to increased involvement and continued membership. A positive external image may increase the likelihood that organizational members internalize values, beliefs and interests held by the organization's leaders and other members.Originality/valueThe study is based on a model of identity orientation that differentiates across personal, relational, and collective orientations. It measures perceived similarity with social referents in values, beliefs and interests, and study traditionally overlooked non‐work contexts.
Impact of career growth prospects and formal mentoring on organisational citizenship behaviour
Authors: Okurame David 
Published: January 2012

PurposeThis study seeks to examine the impact of career growth prospect (CGP) and formal mentoring support (FMS) on overall organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and its five dimensions.Design/methodology/approachData were obtained from 72 supervisors and 182 of their subordinates in branches of a bank located in a city in South‐western Nigeria.FindingsResults indicate that CGP accounted for a significant percentage of the variance in overall OCB (β=0.46, p<0.001), predicting three dimensions: sportsmanship, conscientiousness and civic virtue. Contrary to hypothesis, FMS did not predict overall OCB, but significantly influenced three OCB dimensions: sportsmanship, courtesy and altruism, predicting “sportsmanship” (β=0.26, p<0.001) to be better than CGP (β=0.22, p<0.01).Research limitations/implicationsAlthough generalisation is limited in a study of a single organisation, the findings of the study imply that CGP and FMS have differential relevance in OCB.Practical implicationsAltering negative perceptions of CGP among employees engenders OCB but FMS needs to be complemented with other interventions to foster overall OCB.Originality/valueAlthough career growth prospects and formal mentoring support are projected to foster OCB in the Nigerian banking sector, no research has investigated this expectation. The extant literature shows that research on the impact of career growth prospects on OCB is virtually absent. Again, the absence of African perspectives on research issues such as OCB, has limited comparative studies and the global scope of most reference journals. This study narrows these gaps in literature and contributes empirical information that equips management to deal more strategically with the integrated approach to OCB.