bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legume Contributions to Yields and Compositions of Desmodium Spp.‐Pangolagrass Mixtures1
Authors: Whitney A. S. , Green R. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA field experiment on a Humic Latosol at 640‐m elevation compared pure pangolagrass (Digitaria decumbens) and mixtures of (a) pangolagrass plus uninoculated Desmodium canum, (b) same but inoculated, (c) pangolagrass plus D. intortum in 90 cm rows, and (d) same as (c) but D. intortum in 45 cm rows. All treatments were tested under limed and unlimed conditions. Dry matter yields over a 2‐year period averaged: pure pangolagrass 3,780, (a) 6,840, (b) 7,510, (c) 10,810, and (d) 11,960 kg ha‐1 yr‐1. Percentage legume was low in (a) and (b), and over 50% in (c) and (d). Percentage crude protein was also highest in (c) and (d). The CP yields of the mixtures were approximately equivalent to pure pangolagrass fertilized with N (as (NH4)2SO4) at the following rates: (a) 210, (b) 240, (c) 440, and (d) 525 kg N ha‐1 yr‐1.Apparent N‐fixation in (b) was 97 kg ha‐1 yr‐1, and inoculation of D. canum [(b) — (a)] gave a nonsignificant benefit of approximately 17 kg N ha‐1 yr‐1. D. intortum fixed approximately 213 kg ha‐1 yr‐1 in (c) and 264 kg in (d). The total amount of fixed N transferred to the grass was higher for D. intortum, but a higher percentage of the fixed N was transferred from D. canum.There were wide seasonal variations in dry matter yields and percentage crude protein, but the ranking of the treatments was quite consistent throughout the 2‐year period for both of these characteristics. D. canum growth was reduced at average night temperatures below 16 C while D. intortum was affected little until average night temperatures fell below 15 C.There was no benefit for liming in any of the treatments. Yields of D. intortum were depressed when exchangeable potassium was approximately ≤ 0.1 meq/100 g of soil.
Growth of Young Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) Plants in Different Environments1
Authors: Templeton W. C. , Menees J. L. , Taylor T. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGrowth and development of young ‘Boone’ orchardgrass plants were studied in a factorial experiment involving two temperature regimes, two photoperiods, three levels of N, and four levels of P. Seed was planted in a growth medium of Hartsells fsl soil and washed sand. Three days after emergence, seedlings were subjected to the experimental temperatures and photoperiods. Harvests of whole plants were made 3 weeks after the temperature‐photoperiod treatments were initiated and at 2‐week intervals through the eleventh week. Photoperiod effects were evident at the first harvest. With essentially equal radiant energy supplied to the two groups, the leaves of plants in the shorter, 10‐hour, photoperiod (SD) emerged more rapidly. Also, SD plants had a greater total length of exposed leaf blades during the early weeks and a lower shoot: root ratio than did plants in the 20‐ hour photoperiod. Weights of shoots, roots, and whole plants were greater under SD during the first 7 weeks. No response to supplemental N was detected during the first few weeks, but later it increased rate of leaf appearance, length of exposed blades, and weights of shoots and roots. With all measurements, marked responses to P were obtained. For the most part, interactions were relatively unimportant, but a strong N × P effect was operative after the 5th week. It is concluded that the observed plant‐weight increases may be accounted for, in part, by the morphological responses and their effects on light interception and absorptive capacities of the root systems.
Root Development and Phosphorus Uptake by Tomato Plants under Controlled Soil Moisture Conditions
Authors: Thorup Richard M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of soil moisture tension upon root growth and phosphorus uptake by tomato plants was studied using a split‐root technique. Root systems were developed in soil maintained at three different moisture levels—one well below PWP, another slightly below PWP, and a third within the “available” range. Root growth was very restricted at the lowest level of soil moisture—attaining a maximum length of 20 mm. At the level slightly below PWP, roots grew to a length of 90 mm, with substantial secondary root development. Maximum growth was attained at the moisture level maintained above PWP. At this level roots reached a length of 150 mm and exhibited extensive secondary branching.Phosphorus uptake was measured by use of radioactive P. At all three moisture levels phosphorus was taken up by the plants. A significant increase in uptake accompanied each increase in soil moisture.Moisture was transferred through the plant root system from zones of low tension to zones of high tension within the soil.
Effect of Ethrel on Growth and Yield of Corn
Authors: Earley E. B. , Slife F. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEthrel sprayed on corn plants at three rates and at several stages of development caused a reduction in plant height, leaf area, leaf efficiency, and yield of grain as compared to untreated plants. No beneficial effects were observed from the use of this chemical on corn under the conditions of this experiment.
Influence of Photoperiod on Flowring of Rumex Crispus L.1
Authors: Maun M. A. , Cavers P. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeed production and height of plants of curled dock (Rumex crispus L.) were at a maximum under a 15‐hour daylength. Flowering was greatly delayed but not prevented by shorter photoperiods of 8 and 12 hours. Seed weight and viability were not affected by any treatment.
Yield and Concentration of Meadow Hay Fertilized with Three N Sources
Authors: Rumburg C. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMeadow hay from plots fertilized with anhydrous ammonia in the spring prior to or during flooding ranged from .15 to .25% higher in nitrogen concentration than hay from plots fertilized with broadcast applications of ammonium sulfate or urea. Hay yields from plots fertilized with anhydrous ammonia in the spring were similar to yields from plots fertilized with ammonium sulfate or urea except that yields from plots fertilized with anhydrous ammonia were significantly higher in two experiments. Fall applied anhydrous ammonia was similar to fall or spring applied ammonium sulfate.
Response of Sorghum, Sesame, and Groundnuts to Plant Population Density in the Central Sudan1
Authors: Gerakis P. A. , Tsangarakis C. Z. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and one of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) were grown at different population densities with and without nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, under 578 mm rainfall in a Sand Sheet (“goz”) soil. Sesame and groundnut yields increased when the maximum plant populations presently utilized in the area were increased by 50%. Further density increases were ineffective for those two crops. Grain sorghum did not respond to any increases in the density. The difference in response between sorghum and the other two crops was attributed to differences in type of root system, which in turn affected the pattern of soil moisture depletion in the soil profile. No interaction between varieties, either unfertilized or fertilized, and population densities was noted. Soil moisture rather than soil nutrients seemed the limiting growth factor in these trials.
Survey of Maize Strains for Lysine Content1
Authors: Paez A. V. , Ussary J. P. , Helm J. L. , Zuber M. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWhole kernel lysine content was determined on inbred lines and Plant Introduction strains of corn (Zea mays L.). The lysine values ranged from 0.16 to 0.45%. The largest values are comparable to whole kernel lysine contents of opaque‐2 mutants. The distribution was normal with a mean of 0.30% and a standard deviation of 0.04%. A significant correlation (r=0.48) was obtained between whole kernel lysine and protein for a selected group of high‐lysine lines. Little variability in lysine content was noted for six inbred lines grown at different stations in different years.
Photo‐ and Thermo‐Control of Pretransplant Floral Induction in Burley Tobacco1
Authors: Kasperbauer M. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBurley tobacco was exposed to controlled variations of light and temperature in growth chambers during the pretransplant period to determine combinations that lead to more uniform growth and development during the post‐transplant period. Exposure of plants to certain photoperiod, light intensity, and temperature combinations resulted in floral induction before the plants attained transplant size. Although such plants did not have macroscopic floral buds at time of transplanting, many of them flowered within 3 or 4 weeks after being transplanted to the field. Early induction of flowering resulted in development of fewer leaves per plant, exclusive of those on suckers.Burley tobacco plants became ready for floral induction after they had developed five or six leaves. Plants exposed to high intensity, short photoperiods at 18 C or low intensity, “natural” (13.5‐hour) photoperiods at 18 C became florally inducted during the pretransplant period. Inductive effects of both of these environmental combinations were counteracted by exposing the plants to several hours of low intensity light from incandescent‐filament lamps, each night. Also, maintaining plants at 28 C instead of 18 C had the effect of opposing the inductive process.
Effect of Corn Hybrids, Row Spacing, and Plant Population on the Yield of Corn Silage1
Authors: Lutz J. A. , Jones G. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA number of corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids differing in maturity were grown in varying plant populations and row spacings at two locations in Virginia over a three‐year period to determine silage yield and chemical composition.In 1966, yields from the alternated 25 and 125 cm spacings were lower than from the other uniform spacings at both locations, with no differences in yield among the other spacings. Yields were not increased with increased population in 1966. In three of four location‐year tests in 1967 and 1968, yields were higher with the 40 than with the 100 cm spacings. Yields were higher with the late maturing hybrid and with the highest plant population. Stalk diameter was affected by row spacings but not by populations or hybrids. The N, P, and K contents of leaf samples were not differentially affected by hybrids, populations, or spacings in 1966. The P content of leaf samples decreased with increased population in 1967 but was unaffeced by hybrids and row spacings.
Occurrence of Atypical Flowers and Some Associated Bees (Apoidea) in the Peanut, Arachis hypogaea L.1
Authors: Leuck D. B. , Hammons R. O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPresence of atypical flowers in the peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., which could facilitate insect cross‐pollination by a large bee (Apoidea) species complex is investigated. Observations show that off‐type flowers are present among total flowers of at least two cultivars, that they are a complete fertile flower, that their numbers increase with increased flower production, and that they are a possible source of cross‐pollination contamination often observed among varieties in connection with pure line breeding studies in field nurseries.Six additional new records of wild bee species are identified in the flower visiting bee complex. They are: Augochloropsis metallica fulgida (Smith) (Halictidae), Chalicodoma (Chelostomoides) georgica (Cresson) (Megachilidae), Megachile (Delomegachile) addenda Cresson (Megachilidae), Melissodes (Melissodes) comptoides Robertson (Anthophoridae), Ceratina (Ceratinula) cockerelli Smith (Anthophoridae), and Ceratina (Zadontoemrus) dupla floridana Mitchell (Anthophoridae). The bee species found to be most abundant on peanut flowers in the vicinity of Tifton in 1967 were Pyrobombus impatiens Cresson (Apidae), Megachile (Litomegachile) mendica Cresson (Megachilidae), Apis mellifera L. (Apidae), and Lassioglossum (Dialictus) versatum (Robertson) (Halictidae).
Growth Response of Merion Kentucky Bluegrass to Fertilizer and Lime Treatments1
Authors: Juska F. V. , Hanson A. A. , Hovin A. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe performance of ‘Merion’ Kentucky bluegrass to 10 fertilizers, applied at three rates, at two pH levels, is herewith reported. Carriers incorporated with fertilizers had little or no effect on grass growth; however, the carrier used in one fertilizer (24‐4‐6) with 23.19% watersoluble nitrogen mixed with reed sedge peat may have absorbed soluble nitrogen to cause slower nitrogen release. Highest total grass yield was obtained from ammonium nitrate and lowest from urea‐form. The lower yields were obtained from less soluble sources of nitrogen while the soluble urea source (45‐0‐0) was intermediate. Loss of nitrogen in the form of ammonia may have accounted for the relatively low yield from this soluble nitrogen source. All fertilizers significantly increased yield of Merion Kentucky bluegrass at pH 4.8 and pH 7.0, but the interaction between fertilizers and pH levels was not significant. There was a highly significant difference in yield among fertilizer sources. Selection of a fertilizer source or form of nitrogen fertilizer should be based on the relative importance of convenience, safety, cost, and response of grass growth.
Nitrogen Recovery from a Soil Profile by Bromus inermis1
Authors: Ogus Lufti , Fox R. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNitrogen recovery was estimated as a function of depth of placement and time from nitrate fertilizer placed at various depths in brome grass (Bromus inermis, Leyss) sod at the beginning of spring growth. The soil was a Crete silty clay loam with a clay B horizon which severely restricted root penetration. About 43% of the N placed in the C horizon (105 cm) was recovered in two growing seasons. Per unit mass, roots in the C horizon took up over 300 times more N than did roots in the surface soil. Total N in the grass reached a maximum then declined rapidly as the plants matured.
Competition among Adjacent Rows of Grain Sorghum of Different Height Genotype1
Authors: Kern J. J. , Atkins R. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA 2‐year study was conducted at Ames, Iowa, to evaluate the role of plant height as a factor affecting interrow competition in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) performance tests. A secondary objective was to determine the effect of height genotype on several agronomic characters of sorghum. Hybrids having 3✕3‐ and 4✕3‐dwarf height genotypes were bordered by themselves and, in turn, by each other. Grain yields of 3✕3 hybrids were enhanced about 4% when 4✕3 border rows were used, and yields of 4✕3 hybrids were depressed about 3% when bordered by 3✕3 hybrids. Row spacings, female parents, and pollinators did not exert pronounced or consistent effect on the competition attributable to height differences. Hybrids having a 3✕3 height genotype usually exceeded the 4✕3 hybrids in number of seeds/head, 100‐seed weight, and grain yield, but they produced fewer heads/plant and bloomed later than the short hybrids.
Establishment of Perennial Forages II. Subsequent Root Development1
Authors: Buxton D. R. , Wedin W. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of interspecies competition during establishment of three perennial forage grasses and three perennial legume species on subsequent root development was investigated in two similar field experiments.Interspecies competition had a greater effect on the upper 15‐cm root yield of the legume and upper 10‐cm root‐rhizome yield of the grass species than on forage yields.During the year after seeding, when fertility and moisture were limiting factors, lowest carbohydrate levels occurred in weeded swards with heavier root weights (g/m2). Highest carbohydrate levels in unweeded treatments probably resulted because a low quantity of minerals and water was supplied by the smaller root systems, which limited growth and resulted in carbohydrate accumulation. When moisture and fertility were adequate, little difference existed in carbohydrate levels among treatments, although large differences existed in root weights. This observation can explain the more pronounced treatment effects on forage yields that were observed when moisture and fertility were low.
Influence of Soil Incorporation on Herbicide Performance in Sorghum1
Authors: Wicks G. A. , Burnside O. C. , Fenster C. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractExperiments were conducted at Lincoln, North Platte, and Alliance, Nebraska, during 1965 and 1966 to determine the effect of herbicides, herbicide incorporation, and rotary hoeing on ‘Nebraska 505’ sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] grown in 50.8‐cm rows. Preplant soil incorporation and preemergence herbicide applications were superior to preemergence + shallow incorporation with a rotary hoe in weed control and grain yields. Postemergence rotary hoeing improved weed control and sorghum yields on herbicide treatments. The best treatments were atrazine (2‐chloro‐4‐ethylamlno‐6‐isopropylamino‐s‐triazine) at 2.24 kg/ha and atrazine norea [3‐(hexahydro‐4,7‐methanoindan‐5‐)y‐ll, l‐dimethylarea] at 0.84 + 1.68 kg/ha (1.12 + 2.24 kg/ha in 1965) + two rotary hoeings at Lincoln, atrazine at 2.24 kg/ha at North Platte, and rotary hoeings but no herbicide at Alliance. Only at Lincoln did sorghum yields on herbicide‐treated plots approach that on handweeded checks. On the low organic matter soils at North Platte and Alliance, atrazine injury limited sorghum yields.
Response of Pisum sativum L. to Gibberellic Acid Seed Treatment1
Authors: Teare I. D. , Law A. G. , Wilson V. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGibberellic acid (GA) was applied to seed of Alaska peas to determine effects on rate of emergence, stem elongation, flowering, and yield. The effect of GA on the rate of emergence was dependent upon the temperature of the environment. Emergence of GA treated seedlings was 4 to 6 days earlier than non‐treated seedlings under cool conditions. At high temperatures, GA treated seedlings emerged one day earlier than the control, but emerged plants were susceptible to heat damage. Stem elongation was directly related to GA concentration and appeared to be inversely related to development of the root system. Date of blooming and maturity were not enhanced by GA treatment, but GA increased the number of flowers in the May 1 planting. Dry weight at maturity and seed yield were significantly lowered by seed application of GA.
Influence of Sublethal, Foliar Applications of 2,4‐D on Burley Tobacco Yield and Composition1
Authors: Atkinson W. O. , Kasperbauer M. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLow dosages (0.5 to 10 mg per plant) of 2,4‐D were sprayed on field‐grown burley tobacco plants during rapid vegetative growth, or immediately after topping (removal of inflorescenses and small upper leaves). The plants were left in the field for a normal 3 to 4‐week ripening period before conventional harvesting and aircuring. Yields of cured leaf from plants treated during rapid vegetative growth were more severely reduced than were those of plants treated immediately after topping. Decreased alkaloid content and increased content of soluble phenolic compounds were associated with 2,4‐D treatments.
Coefficients for Computing Leaf Area in Type 41, Pennsylvania Broadleaf, Tobacco1
Authors: McKee Guy W. , Yocum John O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMeasurements of 765 leaves from five different varieties of Type 41, Pennsylvania broadleaf, tobacco indicated that varieties differed significantly in leaf shape. Leaf area per plant could be calculated to an accuracy of ± 1% by multiplying the accumulated sum of length by width of individual leaves by a coefficient of 0.64. For greater precision, coefficients of 0.66 for leaves of Pennleaf 1, 0.65 for leaves of Swarr‐Hibshman, and 0.61 for leaves of Pennbel 69 should be used. Leaf area per plant could also be calculated with a lesser degree of precision (± 10%) by multiplying accumulated leaf length per plant by a coefficient of 21.45. For greater precision, specific varietal coefficients of 19.79 for Pennbel 69, 22.87 for Swarr‐Hibshman, and 21.70 for Pennleaf 1 should be used.
Relationship of Hybrid Sudangrass Plant Populations to Plant Growth Characteristics1
Authors: Holt Ethan C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe number of plants established was not directly proportional to the number of seed planted in a seeding rate and row spacing study with a hybrid sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ✕ S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf.). At a fixed seeding rate more plants were established in narrow rows than in wide rows. Within a row spacing, percentage establishment decreased as seeding rate increased. Within a row spacing, plant size was inversely related to plant population so that yield per ha at maturity did not differ greatly. The largest plants were in wide rows; but at a fixed population level, plant size was greater in narrow than wide rows. LAI did not increase with increased plant numbers within a fixed row spacing. Within at least a two‐fold difference in plant numbers, yield was not significantly influenced by seeding rate.
Effect of Light and Temperature on Stimulation of Vegetative and Reproductive Growth of Bean Plants by Naphthenates1
Authors: Fattah Q. A. , Wort D. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBush bean plants, Phaseolus vulgaris L., cultivar Top Crop, were grown from seed for 14 days at 26/21 C day/ night, and 16.1 k‐lux (1500 ft‐c) light with a photoperiod of 14 hours. At the end of this time half the plants were sprayed with a 0.5% potassium naphthenates (KNap) solution. Treated and control plants were then grown 1) under the original light/temperature conditions, 2) at a constant temperature of 26 C with light of 16.1, 10.76, or 5.38 k‐lux, and 3) at a constant temperature of 15 with the three fight intensities. Juvenile growth (plant height; fresh and dry weights of roots, stems, and leaves; number of leaflets; leaflet area) and reproductive growth (number and weight of green pods per plant) were measured 21 and 35 days, respectively, after treatment. The stimulative effect of KNap on both types of growth was evident at all light/temperature combinations, but it was greater at higher temperatures and light intensities. Increments under these conditions were consistently significant at the 0.05 level. The results are consonant with a previous finding that the foliar application of KNap is followed by augmented rates of photosynthesis and greater activity of enzymes of nitrogen metabolism. The larger number of pods may have been the result of more vigorous pollen germination and reduced abscission of young fruits.
Regression of Nitrogen Uptake on Nitrogen Added from Four Sources Applied to Grass1
Authors: Scarsbrook C. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractResearch was conducted to evaluate efficiencies of N fertilizers by comparing slopes of N uptake on N applied regression equations. Ammonium nitrate (33.5‐0‐0), diammonium phosphate (21‐23‐0), urea (45‐0‐0), and ureaammonium phosphate (33‐9‐0) were surface applied at four rates of N to Coastal bermudagrass on Norfolk sandy loam and to Pensacola bahiagrass on Boswell fine sandy loam. Relative efficiencies for N recovery were determined by comparison of the slopes (b) of the equations. The highest average efficiency (b = 0.80) was obtained with ammonium nitrate on bermudagrass. Values of b were similar for all sources of N on bahiagrass. There was a straight line relationship when dry forage produced (y) was plotted against N uptake (x). The equations were y = 1,500 ‐f 48x and y = 3,000 ‐j‐ 34x for bahiagrass and bermudagrass, respectively. These differences in slopes of the equations reflect the differences both in N contents and yields of the forage.