bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD MICROPEPLINAE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) WITH A REARRANGEMENT OF THE WORLD SPECIES
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe New World species of the staphylinid subfamily Micropeplinae are revised. Three genera are recognized:KalissusLeconte with 1 species,MicropeplusLatreille with 11 species, andPeplomicrusBernhauer with 3 species. Of the three previously recognized subgenera ofMicropeplus,ArrhenopeplusKoch is placed in synonymy withMicropeplus, andPeplomicrusis elevated to generic status. New species are:M.durangoensisfrom Mexico,M.neotomaefrom California and Oregon,M.brownifrom eastern Canada and the United States,M.robustusfrom California and Oregon,M.leconteifrom southern California, andP.dybasifrom Costa Rica and Panama.Micropeplus obliquusLeconte is placed in synonymy withM.sculptusLeconte, andM.oregonensisHatch is placed in synonymy withM.punctatusLeconte. The genusMicropeplusis divided into six species groups based on an examination of both Old and New World species. A checklist of the species of Micropeplinae places all the described species in the proposed classification. Two African species,M.africanusCameron andM.carayoniJarrige, and one Central American species,M.acumenSharp, are transferred to the genusPeplomicrus.
AN APPRAISAL OF METHODS OF SAMPLING APPLE TREES AND RESULTS OF SOME TESTS USING A SAMPLING UNIT COMMON TO INSECT PREDATORS AND THEIR PREY
Authors: Lord F. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCurrent methods of sampling predator and prey populations on apple trees use two different indexes to measure the comparative abundance of each. Techniques are sought that relate the proportions of one to the other in the sampling universe (the orchard) in a quantitative manner. The most important criterion is that the sampling unit be one common to both predator and prey species and encompass representative portions of the habitat of each. The whole tree meets this criterion but it is too cumbersome to samplein toto. The large limb was, therefore, appraised for feasibility as a basic sampling unit common to many species. All clusters were counted and the predators and prey expressed as numbers per 100 clusters. The whole limb was examined for insect predators but only a representative portion of it was used in estimating mite populations. The test prey species was the European red mite,Panonychus ulmi(Koch), and the predators a small number of active insect species, mostlyDiaphnocoris pellucida(Uhler) andAnthocoris musculus(Say). It was found that the numbers of mites on randomly chosen clusters from a limb were representative of the total population of mites on a limb but the associated variation was high. Samples of relatively uniform (standard) clusters of good vigour overestimated the mite population. Some other causes of variation were also examined and are discussed. A 2-year orchard test showed it was feasible to estimate the abundance of both mites and predators on a common basis and thus obtain a measure of the ratio of mites to predators in the sampling universe.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF APHIDS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) FROM CANADA
Authors: Robinson A. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo new species of aphids are described: apterous and alate viviparous females and oviparae of Macrosiphum hamiltoni new species, on Humulus lupulus L. in Manitoba; and apterous viviparous females and oviparae of Kakimia canadensis new species on Lonicera involucrata (Richards.) Banks in British Columbia and Idaho.
THE EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM OILS ON BARTLETT PEARS AND ON PEAR PSYLLA, PSYLLA PYRICOLA
Authors: Madsen Harold F. , Williams K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following oils were evaluated for control of the pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster, phytotoxicity, and persistence on Bartlett pear trees; Orchex 696, Orchex 796 with 0.46% emulsifier, Orchex 796 with 1% emulsifier, PGSO-1, PGSO-2, and Volck Supreme. The oils were applied at the rate of 5 gal per acre in a three-spray program, one at the delayed dormant period and two during the summer.Orchex 796 (1% emulsifier) and Volck Superme oil gave the best control of pear psylla, PGSO-1 and PGSO-2 were intermediate, and Orchex 696 and Orchex 796 (0.46% emulsifier) were the least effective. Each of the oils gave excellent control of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch).The oils caused enlargement and corkiness of the bark lenticels on 1-, 2-, and 3-year old wood. The pear fruits showed darker green lenticels than unsprayed fruit, but this green spotting did not persist when the pears were ripened.Analysis showed each oil to be persistent upon pear foliage. There was little loss after 8 days and an average of 28% loss after 25 days.
ANTS, APHIDS, AND JACK PINE IN MANITOBA
Authors: Bradley G. A. , Hinks J. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo species of ants, Formica obscuripes Forel and Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) taschenbergi (Mayr), attended species of Cinara, mainly C. gracilis (Wilson) on Pinus banksiana Lamb., in the Sandilands Forest Reserve, Man. The aphids occurred only on trees near ant hills. Removing the aphids by spraying had no serious effect on the ants. Destruction of an ant colony was followed by the disappearance of the aphids. The trees benefited through removal of defoliating insects by the ants.
SURVIVAL OF THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID ON ABIES LOGS
Authors: Atkins M. D. , Woods T. A. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSurvival of the balsam woolly aphid on Abies grandis logs was observed to evaluate the danger of spreading the pest while moving logs. Active stages of the aphid survived submergence in sea water for 7 days and periodic sprinkling with sea water for 3 weeks. Dormant stages survived submergence up to 28 days. Active aphids survived on logs in the forest as long as 5 months. Crawlers frequently re-established on logs and completed a second generation there. Dormant neosistentes on autumn-felled trees persisted over winter and resumed development in the spring. Recommendations for moving infested logs through uninfested areas are made.
NITROGEN FERTILIZATION OF THE HOST TREE AND POPULATION GROWTH OF THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID, ADELGES PICEAE (HOMOPTERA: ADELGIDAE)
Authors: Carrow J. Roderick , Graham K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe relationship between nutrition of the host tree, Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes, as influenced by nitrogen fertilizers, and the growth of populations of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), was investigated. Sixty trees, growing in a greenhouse in two soil types, a nutrient-deficient mineral soil and an enriched humic soil, were infested with woolly aphid larvae. Subsequently, groups of 10 trees received foliar treatments of various concentrations of ammonium nitrate and urea. The following year, 32 young trees in Seymour Valley, B.C., were studied to determine the effect of fertilization of uninfested trees on establishment of aphid larvae.In the greenhouse, foliar sprays of 1% ammonium nitrate solution resulted in a 23% decrease in population in 10 weeks, as contrasted with a 31% increase in the control population. In the field, larval establishment was 31% to 37% lower on the ammonium nitrate-treated trees than on the control trees. Inasmuch as there was no evidence of increased mortality of aphids in situ, we infer that the fertilizer acts primarily by inhibiting initial settling of larvae on the host trees.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE PINYON PINE SAWFLY, NEODIPRION EDULICOLUS, IN EASTERN NEVADA (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)
Authors: McGregor Mark D. , Sandin L. Otto 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe pinyon pine sawfly, Neodiprion edulicolus Ross, has periodically caused serious defoliation of singleleaf pinyon, Pinus monophylla Torr. and Frem., in the Intermountain Region. Infestations have been short-lived, however, and widespread tree mortality has not been known to occur.The first recorded outbreak of N. edulicolus in the Intermountain Region was detected in 1959 along Nores Truck Road near Pioche, Nevada. Mortality of smaller trees occurred. Population levels were low in 1962, 1963, and 1964.Over 100,000 acres of pinyon pine in the same general area near Pioche and near Caliente, Nevada, were heavily defoliated in 1965 and 1966. Most of the pinyon were rendered unfit for sale as Christmas trees.The life cycle and stages are typical of Neodiprion species. Eggs overwinter in pinyon needles; eclosion commences in April and is completed by mid-May. Feeding larvae develop through four to six instars; ultimate instars drop to the ground and spin cocoons underneath duff and in sandy soil beneath the host trees in June. Prepupae spend the summer in the cocoon, pupate in the fall, and adults emerge in October and November to mate and oviposit.Unfavorable climatic factors, followed by heavy parasitism of the remaining larvae, reduced the sawfly population to a low level near Pioche in 1960, and near Caliente in 1966.
AN ANNOTATED KEY TO DROSOPHILID GENERA WITH BARE OR MICROPUBESCENT ARISTAE AND A REVISION OF PARACACOXENUS (DIPTERA: DROSOPHILIDAE)
Authors: McAlpine J. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe world genera (15 in all) of Drosophilidae with bare (i.e., non-plumose) aristae are brought together, and a key is provided for identifying them. Notes are provided in the key on type species, synonymy, numbers and distributions of included species, and pertinent literature. The genus Paracacoxenus Hardy is revised to include not only its one Nearctic species, guttatus Hardy and Wheeler, but also three European species that were originally assigned to Cacoxenus Loew, i.e., argyreator (Frey), exiguus (Duda), and inquilinus (Hendel). Lectotypes are designated for Cacoxenus punctatus Duda (a junior synonym of Gitonides perspicax Knab), for Gitona vlasovi Duda, for Paracacoxenus argyreator (Frey), and for P. exiguus (Duda). The paper includes 30 figures.
DISTINGUISHING LARVAE AND PUPAE OF THE WINTER MOTH, OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA, AND THE BRUCE SPANWORM, O. BRUCEATA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: Eidt D. C. , Embree D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), and the Bruce spanworm, O. bruceata (Hulst), differ in the number of instars, in habits, and slightly in morphology. Populations may be distinguished readily by these criteria, but individual larvae sometimes give difficulty. The form of the pupal cremaster is distinctly different.
SOME RESPONSES OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI, TO IMMERSION IN WATER
Authors: Herne D. H. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDifferent stages of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), were immersed in water for periods up to 48 hours. Mortality of eggs was negligible; of active stages it was low but appreciable. Immersion in water inhibited egg hatching, feeding, moulting, and oviposition. It was concluded that if the mite responds similarly under orchard conditions, frequent or prolonged wet periods would delay the buildup of a mite infestation.
GENERIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THYCE, PLECTRODES, DINACOMA, AND HYPOTRICHIA, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES FROM EASTERN TEXAS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: MELOLONTHINI)
Authors: Howden Henry F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHypothyce mixta, a new genus and species from eastern Texas is described and compared with the related genera Thyce LeConte, Plectrodes Horn, Dinacoma Casey, and Hypotrichia LeConte. A key to the genera of Melolonthini of America north of Mexico is included and the genus Hypotrichia is transferred from the Liparetrini to the Melolonthini.
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF TWO MITE PREDATORS OF THE TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE
Authors: McClanahan R. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOviposition of the predacious mites Phytoseiulus persimilis and Typhlodromus fallacis began 2 days after mating, reached a peak in 1 week, and then declined irregularly. The rates of oviposition were higher, and the oviposition period shorter at 26° than at 20°C. P. persimilis laid 47% more eggs than T. fallacis. The generation time for both species was very dependent on temperature. Minimum values of 112 hours for P. persimilis and 127 hours for T. fallacis were obtained at 28°.Calculations of potential predator populations from the generation time, age-specific fecundity, and proportion of females were made on a daily basis for successive generations. The potential number of living females derived from one mated pair increased logarithmically after a few cycles representing new generations. The rate of increase of P. persimilis populations was 26% higher than that of T. fallacis, and in both species the rate at 26° was about double the rate at 20°.
A REVISION OF THE WORLD FAUNA OFTUBERCULATUS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES FROM CHINA (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTuberculatusMordwilko as here understood consists of the following 14 species:californicus(Baker),capitatus(Essig and Kuwana),columbiaeRichards,kiowanicus(Hottes),maureri(Swain),orientalisnew species,pallidus(Davidson),pasaniae(Davidson),querceus(Kaltenbach),quercicolus(Matsumura),querciformosanus(Takahashi),stigmatus(Matsumura),tuberculatusnew species, andyokoyamai(Takahashi).Tuberculatuspreviously includedquerceusandcolumbiae. Each species is redescribed and illustrated, and a key and a host index are provided.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF PITYOPHTHORUS FROM CANADA (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Bright Donald E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree new species of Pityophthorus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) are described from Canada: aquilonius from the Yukon Territory, collinus attacking Pinus albicaulis in British Columbia, and orarius attacking Pseudotsuga menziesii in British Columbia.
SOME EFFECTS OF ANOXIA AND HYPOXIA ON THE EUROPEAN RED MITE,PANONYCHUS ULMI(ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE)
Authors: Putman Wm. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractProgressively increasing lengths of exposure to pure nitrogen caused temporary anaesthesia, irreversible partial paralysis, and death, in that order, to the European red mite,Panonychus ulmi(Koch). The immature stages, especially eggs, were more tolerant than adult females. Confinement in 2.5% oxygen at a relative humidity approximating 100% had no effect on the mites, except on oviposition, beyond that of high humidity alone.
PHOSPHOMONOESTERASE ACTIVITY IN THE LIFE-CYCLE STAGES OFSCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA
Authors: Naqvi S. N. H. , Ashrafi Shahid H. , Qadri M. A. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe acid and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured in the developing egg and in the alimentary canal of aging nymphs as well as adult males and females of different ages. Para-nitrophenol was used as colorimetric standard and disodiump-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. Activity was measured in terms of micromoles ofp-nitrophenol liberated from the substrate as a result of enzyme action.Acid phosphatase activity was noticed to increase with the embryonic development and was higher than in the case of alkaline phosphatase. The alkaline phosphatase activity was lowest in the freshly laid egg, but increased more sharply than acid phosphatase during embryonic development.The activity of both the acid and alkaline phosphatases was highest in the first instar and declined gradually to the fifth instar. The activity of acid phosphatase was higher than alkaline phosphatase in all stages except the first instar where it was almost equal. The activity of both the enzymes was higher during the intermoulting period and declined at each moult indicating a hormone–enzyme relationship.In adults, activity of both the enzymes increased up to the maturation period after which the activity gradually decreased. Acid phosphatase activity was generally higher in males whereas alkaline phosphatase activity was generally higher in females. In almost all cases, the acid phosphatase activity was found to be higher than the alkaline phosphatase.
THE BIOLOGY OF CHORISTONEURA HOUSTONANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), A PEST OF JUNIPERUS SPECIES
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Thompson Hugh E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChoristoneura houstonana (Grote) lays eggs singly in July. Egg development ranged from 8 to 11 days, with the majority hatching 10 days after oviposition.Larvae are solitary, and mine during early instars but later instars feed externally on leaves in shelters made by webbing foliage together. There is one generation each year and overwintering occurs in a hibernaculum, in mined leaves. Field-collected head-capsule width frequencies indicated nine larval instars. Rearing larvae on seedling junipers indoors indicated a range of 8–11 instars.Pupation occurs during June and July in the shelter where the larva feeds. The pupal stage lasted about 10 days at a constant temperature of 80°F.
MEASURING MOSQUITO REPELLENCY
Authors: Kellogg F. E. , Burton D. J. , Wright R. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA machine is described which generates a standard, mosquito-attracting “target” to which controlled additions of various volatile chemicals can be made and the amount needed to repel the insects thereby measured in micromoles per liter of air. The apparatus can be used with both solids and liquids as well as with blends or mixtures. While principally intended for testing mosquito repellents, it can probably be adapted for use with other biting insects and ticks.
THYMELICUS LINEOLA (LEPIDOPTERA: HESPERIIDAE) AND ITS PARASITES IN EUROPE
Authors: Carl K. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe distribution, ecology, and host-plants of the European skipper, Thymelicus lineola (Ochs.), are described, and notes given on its biology and abundance in continental Europe. Agricultural practices are responsible for its virtual absence from hay-fields; however, even in undisturbed wild host-plant communities, it is never abundant, and has never required control measures as in Canada. Parasites of T. lineola are listed, with notes on their life-histories, distribution, host spectra, relative abundance, annual fluctuations, and interpopulation variations. Parasites reared were Phryxe vulgaris Fall., Thecocarcelia incedens Rond, (both attacking larvae, but sometimes emerging after host pupation), Rogas tristis Wesm. (larval parasite), Labrorychus delarvatus Grav. (larval–pupal parasite), Stenichneumon scutellator Grav. and Brachymeria intermedia Nees (pupal parasites); an undetermined mermithid was reared from larvae and also once from an adult S. scutellator. Rogas tristis was attacked by the hyperparasite Mesochorus macrurus Thoms., and S. scutellator by Gelis cursitans F. Potentialities of the more important species for biological control of T. lineola in Canada are discussed. S. scutellator, which is well synchronized with the host, regularly parasitizes 30–50% of pupae and is the most promising natural enemy for introduction, although in Canada it will compete with the native Itoplectis conquisitor (Say). R. tristis (3–57% parasitism) and P. vulgaris (8–44%), with high constancy in Europe, might be considered for introduction to Canada because of the absence there of effective native larval parasites. T. incedens, although probably a specific hesperiid parasite, is uncommon (usually 1–5% parasitism) and has low constancy in central Europe. All other species encountered are rare on T. lineola. Comparison of parasite complexes in Europe and Canada, where the host has acquired 22 natural enemies, shows that four genera are represented in both areas; of three holarctic species two have been found associated with T. lineola only in Canada, and one only in Europe.
TAXONOMIC NOTES ON EURYCHOROMYIA MALLEA (DIPTERA: EURYCHOROMYIIDAE)
Authors: McAlpine J. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPeculiarities of the Bolivian fly Eurychoromyia mallea Hendel are reviewed and information on the male sex is presented for the first time. Morphological characters of the adults indicate that it is a specialized decendant of a ropalomerid-like ancestor. A lectotype is designated for the species.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO A STUDY OF THE PYRAUSTINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) OF TEMPERATE EAST ASIA. I
Authors: Munroe Eugene , Mutuura Akira 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new pyraustine taxa are described: Pseudebulea fentoni sadoensis n. subsp., Sado I., Japan; P. f. yezoensis n. subsp., Hokkaido, Japan; P. f. ussuriensis n. subsp., Ussuri region, USSR; P. f. koreensis n. subsp., Korea; P. hainanensis n. sp., Hainan I., China; P. lungtanensis n. sp., Kiangsu Prov., China; P. kuatunensis n. sp., Fukien Prov., China; P. k. ichangensis n. subsp., Hupeh Prov., China; Aristebulea n. gen., type-sp. A. nobilis (Moore) n. comb., described in Pionea; A. principis n. sp., Fukien Prov., China; Mimetebulea n. gen., type-sp. M. arctialis n. sp.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO A STUDY OF THE PYRAUSTINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) OF TEMPERATE EAST ASIA. II
Authors: Munroe Eugene , Mutuura Akira 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new pyraustine taxa are described: Thliptoceras formosanum n. sp., Taiwan, China; T. amamialis n. sp., Amami, Japan; T. caradjai n. sp., Kiangsu and Chekiang provinces, China; Toxobotys n. gen., type-sp. Toxobotys praestans n. sp., Hainan I.
APHIDS ON STRAWBERRY IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Stultz H. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFifty-six species were recognized among 6886 aphids identified in 312 collections taken from strawberry plantations in Nova Scotia, 1961–1966. Forty-nine species were classed as errants and seven were classed as colonizers on strawberry. The most numerous colonizers were Rhodobium porosum (Sanderson) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), averaging 71 and 18.5% respectively of all the aphids identified. The other colonizers were Aphis forbesi Weed (1.4%), Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) (1.0%). Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (1.0%), Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (0.1%), C. minor (Forbes) (0.2%), and Chaetosiphon sp. (0.1%).Colonizers, mostly R. porosum, were observed on strawberry plantations from the time winter cover was removed in the spring until late in November when a winter cover was applied. Alate viviparous females were first observed during the second week of June on both old and new plantations and were most numerous during a period extending from the third week m June until nearly the end of August. Nymphs were first seen on new plantations when the first alatae were observed. Apterous viviparae reached near-maximum numbers early in July and were present, sometimes in relatively high number, until nearly the end of September. Sexuales began to appear late in September, reached peak numbers early in November, and were still present when observations were discontinued late in November. No consistent difference was noted in the numbers of aphids alighting on or colonizing plants of three different commercial strawberry varieties (Sparkle, Catskill, and Robinson). The amount of colonization was markedly greater on the commercial varieties than it was on Fragaria vesca L. (EMC). The significance of the results in relation to the control of aphid-borne viruses is discussed.
NOMENCLATORIAL NOTES ON AGROTIS OBESULA AND AGROTIPHILA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Hardwick D. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAgrotis obesula Smith is synonymous with the European Agrotis trux Hübner. Because of the fact that it was based on a "misidentified" type species, Agrotiphila Grote should be construed as a senior synonym of Agrotimorpha Barnes and Benjamin, and not of Orosagrotis Hampson.
A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC GENUS NEOSYMYDOBIUS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNeosymydobius Baker is a small genus of aphids that is associated with Quercus spp. in North America. Six species are known, as follows: agrifoliae (Essig), albasiphus (Davis), canadensis Richards, chrysolepis (Swain), luteus Tissot, and memoralis Hottes and Frison. All species are redescribed and an illustrated key is offered.