bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of sleep disordered breathing and its treatment in heart failure: an observational study
Authors: Jilek Clemens , Krenn Marion , Sebah Daniela , Obermeier Ruth , Braune Astrid , Kehl Victoria , Schroll Stephan , Montalvan Sylvia , Riegger Günter A.J. , Pfeifer Michael , Arzt Michael 
Published: October 2010

AimsSleep disordered breathing (SDB) may contribute to disease progression in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The objective of this observational study was to evaluate whether SDB is a risk factor for mortality in CHF patients and whether this risk can be attenuated by treatment with positive airway pressure (PAP).Methods and resultsWe studied 296 CHF patients (median left ventricular ejection fraction 33%) who underwent in‐lab polysomnography between January 2002 and December 2009. We compared (i) mortality between patients with severe SDB [apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥ 22.5 h−1] vs. those without severe SDB (AHI < 22.5 h−1) and (ii) evaluated the impact of PAP treatment on mortality in those with severe SDB. After accounting for significant confounding factors (age, NYHA class, cause of CHF, diabetes, and PAP treatment), patients with severe SDB (n= 176) had a 2.0‐fold increased hazard ratio for death compared with those without severe SDB [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–3.5, P= 0.023]. In an adjusted on‐treatment analysis of the group with severe SDB, mortality was significantly less in patients using PAP (18%) compared with those with untreated SDB (52%; hazard ratio 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.6, P= 0.001). Mortality in the PAP‐treated group was lower compared with the untreated group at any time‐point of the follow‐up period.ConclusionThe presence of severe SDB in CHF patients constitutes a significantly increased risk for death, independent of established risk factors. In CHF patients with SDB, use of PAP therapy was associated with a decreased mortality rate at any time point of the follow‐up, suggesting that PAP can be safely used in such patients.
Uniform asymptotics of the coefficients of unitary moment polynomials
Authors: Hiary G. A. , Rubinstein M. O. 
Published: October 2010

Keating and Snaith showed that the 2
k
th absolute moment of the characteristic polynomial of a random unitary matrix evaluated on the unit circle is given by a polynomial of degree
k
2
. In this article, uniform asymptotics for the coefficients of that polynomial are derived, and a maximal coefficient is located. Some of the asymptotics are given in an explicit form. Numerical data to support these calculations are presented. Some apparent connections between the random matrix theory and the Riemann zeta function are discussed.
International Recongnition of Foreign Insolvency Proceedings: The Canadian Perspective
Authors: Tay Derrick C. , Strasler Pandora D. 
Published: October 2010

The movement towards liberalization of world trade laws and the increasing economic interdependence between nations has increased the potential for international insolvencies. This article examines the extent to which Canadian courts recognize foreign insolvency proceedings and contrasts the Canadian approach with the approaches taken in the United Kingdom and the United States.La libéralisation des lois commerciales internationales et l'interdépendance économique croissante entre les pays ont augmenté les possibilités de faillites. Cet article examine dans quelle mesure les tribunaux candiens reconnaissent les procédures étrangères relatives à la faillite et contraste l'approche canadienne avec celles du Royaume‐Uni at des États‐Unis.
Some Awkward Questions about American Bankruptcy Law: An Agenda for Comparativists
Authors: Ayer John D. 
Published: October 2010

The contemporary boom in bankruptcy activity has seen a corresponding explosion in bankruptcy scholarship and analysis in the United States. Much attention has been turned to the task of defining and clarifying the important issues in bankruptcy law, and in this article the author canvasses a number of the key questions which provide an agenda for scholars around the world.Aux États‐Unis, la recrudescence de faillites a parallèelement engendré une multitude d'études et d'analyses sur l'insolvabilité. Une attention toute particulière a été à la définition et à la clarification des points principaux quant au droit de la faillite. Dans cet article, l'autuer examine un certain nombre de questions‐cles qui fournissent un programme d'étude aux chercheurs dans le monde entier.
United States Bankruptcy Code, Section 304(b)(3): “Other Appropriate Relif” for Multinational Bankruptcy
Authors: Lam Eric W. 
Published: October 2010

Section 304 of the United States Bankruptcy Code was enacted to provide a statutory solution to the “murky and uncharted waters” of multinational bankruptcies. Part I of this article provides a brief background and analysis of section 304; Part II canvasses court decisions fashioning relief to multinational bankruptcies; and in Part III, the author attempts to synthesize the legislative goal of efficient multinational bankruptcy administration with examples of “appropriate relief” that American bankruptcy courts should consider.L'article 304 du code américain sur l'insolvabilité a été passéafin de fournir une solution légale aux “eaux troubles et inconnues” des faillites multinationales. La première partie de cet article donne une brève histoire et analyse de l'article 304; la deuxieme partie couvre les décisions juridiques qui détermient comment assister les compagnies mutinationales en faillite; et dans la troisième partie, l'auteur essaye de synthétiser le but législatif d'une administration éfficace des faillites multinationales avec des exemples de “secours adéquats” que les tribunaux américains de faillite devraient prendre en compte.
United States‐Canadian Bankruptcy Litigation: Is the Treaty the Way to Go?
Authors: Schechter Alan L. 
Published: October 2010

At the end of the 1970s the Canadian and U.S. Governements negotiated, but did not sign, a draft bankurptcy. The two governments have since entered into a Free Trade Agreement. The author explores the questions have since entered into should consider reviving bankruptcy treaty negotiations. When answering this question the author condisers the economic and social policies underlying each nation's bankruptcy law and the possibility that reconciling the two lws obviates the need for a treaty. The author also provides a close reading of the Draft 1979 Bankruptcy Treaty Vers la fin des annees 1970 les gouvenrnements candadien et emericcain ont negocie un project d'accord en matiere de faillite, qui n'a cependent pas ete signe Depuis, les duux gouvernements ont conclu un accord de libre‐echange L'auteur souleve ici lopportunite por ces gouvernement de reprendre les pourparlers en vue d'un eventuel accord sur la faillite. Pour repondre a cette queston, l auteur examine les politiques economiques et sociales qui sour‐tendent les lois sur la faillite de change pays, de meme que la possibilite que la conciliation de deux lois pare a la necessite de conclure un tel accord. L'auteur soumet enfin une interpretation minutieuse du project a accord de 1979 sur la faillite.Vers la fin des années 1970 les gouvenrnements candadien et eméricain ont négocié un project d'accord en matière de faillite, qui ňa cependent pas été signé Depuis, les deux gouvernements ont conclu un accord de libre‐échange Ľauteur soulève ici ľopportunite por ces gouvernement de reprendre les pourparlers en vue ďun &eAventuel accord sur la faillite. Pour répondre á cette queston, ľauteur examine les politiques économiques et sociales qui sour‐tendent les lois sur la faillite de change pays, de meme que la possibilite que la conciliation de deux lois pare a la necessite de conclure un tel accord. L'auteur soumet enfin une interpretation minutieuse du project a accord de 1979 sur la faillite.
The Rights and Risks of Creditors in Lending to Financially Troubled Corporatons: A Canadian Perspective
Authors: Tay Derrick C. 
Published: October 2010

Creditors who rely on security interests in the property of a financially troubled debtor may discover that their security is vulnerable to legal attack. Examining this problem in the context of Canadian law, the cutrhor identifies both traditional and evolving bases for attack: preferences, froudulent conveyances, limitations on transactions between affiliated entities, oppression. limitations on the right to proceed upon default, and “lender liability.” The author concludes that creditors will be able to assess their risks only if they understand the evolving doctrines.Les créanciers qui šen remettent aux garanties quitl détiennet sur les biens ďun débiteur qui connaît des diffeciltés financières risquent de constater que leur garantie n'est pas inattaquable du point de vue juridique. Examinant ce problème dans le contexte du droit canadien. ľauteur identifie cessions frauduleuses, restrictions aux opéder par défaut, et responsabilité du prêteur. Ľauteur conclut que les créanciers ne seront en mesure ďévalure les risques que s'ils acpuièrent une bonne compréhension des doctrines qui se développent.
Exploring the emergence of alcohol use disorder symptoms in the two years after onset of drinking: findings from the National Surveys on Drug Use and Health
Authors: McBride Orla , Cheng Hui G. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAims  This study investigates the occurrence of clinical features of alcohol dependence and socially maladaptive drinking during the first 24 months after the onset of alcohol use.Design  Data for this study are from the nationally representative 2004–07 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).Setting  General population of the United States, aged 12 years and older.Participants  New‐onset alcohol users (NOAUs) were drinkers who started to drink alcohol within 24 months of the NSDUH assessment and consumed alcohol during the last 12 months.Measurements  The NSDUH assessed for clinical features of alcohol dependence and socially maladaptive drinking, consistent with the DSM‐IV.Findings  NOAUs frequently experienced problems relating to self‐reported tolerance, spending a great deal of time recovering from the effects of alcohol and unsuccessful attempts at cutting down on drinking. The likelihood of experiencing the clinical features increased steadily in the first 9 months after use, but appeared to plateau or only gradually increase thereafter. Strong evidence emerged that the clinical features measured a single latent dimensional of ‘alcohol use disorder’ (AUD) in this sample. The majority of the clinical features were good indicators of the underlying AUD continuum in the 2 years after first drinking onset.Conclusions  There may be a period of time during the second year of alcohol use, when level of alcohol use disorder fluctuates rather than increases. Public health and safety efforts designed to target problematic alcohol use in the earliest stages of alcohol involvement could be useful in preventing the escalation of alcohol problems in this group of drinkers.
An Ecological Momentary Assessment analysis of relations among coping, affect and smoking during a quit attempt
Authors: Minami Haruka , McCarthy Danielle E. , Jorenby Douglas E. , Baker Timothy B. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAims  This study used Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data from smokers trying to quit to assess relations among coping, positive affect, negative affect and smoking. The effects of stress coping on affect and smoking were examined.Design  Data from a randomized clinical trial of smoking cessation treatments were submitted to multi‐level modeling to test the effects of coping with stressful events on subsequent affect and smoking.Setting  Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Madison, Wisconsin.Participants  A total of 372 adult daily smokers who reported at least one stressful event and coping episode and provided post‐quit data.Measurements  Participants' smoking, coping and affect were assessed in near real time with multiple EMA reports using electronic diaries pre‐ and post‐quit.Findings  Multi‐level models indicated that a single coping episode did not predict a change in smoking risk over the next 4 or 48 hours, but coping in men was associated with concurrent reports of increased smoking. Coping predicted improved positive and negative affect reported within 4 hours of coping, but these affective gains did not predict reduced likelihood of later smoking. Pre‐quit coping frequency and gender moderated post‐quit stress coping relations with later positive affect. Men and those with greater pre‐quit coping frequency reported greater gains in positive affect following post‐quit coping.Conclusions  Coping responses early in a quit attempt may help smokers trying to quit feel better, but may not help them stay smoke‐free.
Effect of compliance with nicotine gum dosing on weight gained during a quit attempt
Authors: Ferguson Stuart G. , Shiffman Saul , Rohay Jeffrey M. , Gitchell Joseph G. , Garvey Arthur J. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAim  Using nicotine gum can reduce the amount of weight gained when quitting. Here we examine the relationship between weight gain and use of adequate amounts of gum. To mitigate the confounders associated with correlational analyses, we contrast the effects of active gum and placebo, and analyze outcomes prospectively.Design and setting  Randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial of nicotine gum. Participants were instructed to use nine to 15 pieces of gum/day for the first 2 months of treatment.Participants  Participants (n = 103) were randomized to either active (2 mg or 4 mg) or placebo gum.Measurements  We examined the effect on weight gain of the interaction between treatment (active versus placebo) and daily gum use [≥9 pieces/day (compliant use) versus < 9 pieces/day].Findings  After 30 days of abstinence, smokers treated with active gum had not gained significantly less weight than those on placebo (1.1 kg versus 1.6 kg, P = 0.175). However, a significant compliance–treatment interaction was observed (P = 0.005): active gum users who used ≥9 pieces/day during the first 14 days of treatment had gained less weight at follow‐up (0.6 kg versus 1.6 kg for those who used <9 pieces/day, P = 0.017), but participants randomized to the placebo group saw no such benefit from compliant use. A similar compliance–treatment interaction (P = 0.046) was also observed when the effect of compliance was examined within active treatment (2 mg versus 4 mg).Conclusions  When smokers are quitting, those who use more pieces of nicotine gum experience less weight gain in the first 30 days. This relationship is not seen for smokers on placebo gum.
Inverse association of the obesity predisposingFTOrs9939609 genotype with alcohol consumption and risk for alcohol dependence
Authors: Sobczyk‐Kopciol Agnieszka , Broda Grazyna , Wojnar Marcin , Kurjata Pawel , Jakubczyk Andrzej , Klimkiewicz Anna , Ploski Rafal 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAims To investigate whether theFTOrs9939609 A allele (a risk factor for obesity) is associated with measures of alcohol consumption.Design Population‐based cross‐sectional study and two case–control studies.Setting Poland and the Warsaw area.Participants A total of 6584 subjects from the WOBASZ survey and two cohorts of alcohol‐dependent patients (n = 145 andn = 148).Measurements Questionnaire data analysis, rs9939609 typing.Findings  Among individuals drinking alcohol, the obesity‐associated AA genotype was also associated with lower total ethanol consumption [sex‐, age‐ and body mass index (BMI)‐adjusted difference: 0.21 g/day,P = 0.012] and distinct drinking habits with relatively low frequency of drinks but larger volume consumed at a time as evidenced by (i) association between AA and frequency/amount of typical drinks (P = 0.023, multiple logistic regression analysis); (ii) inverse correlation between AA and drink frequency adjusted for drink size (P = 0.007 for distilled spirits,P = 0.018 for beer); (iii) decreased frequency of AA [odds ratio (OR) = 0.46,P = 0.0004] among those who drank small amounts of distilled spirits (≤100 ml at a time) but frequently (≥1–2 times/week). A decrease of AA was also found in both cohorts of alcohol‐dependent patients versus geographically matched subjects from WOBASZ yielding a pooled estimate of OR = 0.59, confidence interval (CI): 0.40–0.88,P = 0.008. Exploratory analysis showed that those with rs9939609 AA reported lower (by 1.22) mean number of cigarettes/day during a year of most intense smoking (P = 0.003) and were older at start of smoking by 0.44 years (P = 0.016).Conclusions TheFTOAA genotype, independently from its effect on BMI, is associated with measures of ethanol consumption and possibly tobacco smoking.
An investigation into the effect of advice from the Scottish Medicines Consortium on the use of medicines in Scotland's Health Service
Authors: Bennie Marion , Dear James , Hems Sharon , Black Corri , McIver Laura , Webb David J. 
Published: October 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT Decisions on the clinical and cost effectiveness of new medicines are delivered by health technology assessment agencies such as SMC. The effect on medicine use of a decision from these agencies is unclear. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS With regard to medicine use in primary care, the effect of a not recommended decision from SMC is variable. Key factors that contribute to this variability include the publication of conflicting advice by differing national bodies, failure to engage with relevant clinical experts early in the review process and a lack of alternative treatments for the indication in question. At the time of this study there were significant limitations to the data regarding medicine use within the NHS. New developments promise to improve data collection.AIMS The aims of the study were to determine the effect of advice from the Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) on the use of medicines within Scotland's National Health Service (NHS) and generate hypotheses that may explain differences in the impact of advice on the use of individual medicines.METHODS A retrospective analysis of medicine advice issued between January 2002 and December 2005 was performed. The inclusion criterion was medicines with a ‘not recommended for use’ decision (NRD) from the SMC (57 out of 207 medicines submitted). The exclusion criteria were medicines used predominately in secondary care and medicines with multiple indications. In total, 20 medicines fulfilled these criteria. The volume of prescribing was measured by each medicine's gross ingredient cost to the prescribing budget.RESULTS Before the SMC published advice there was use, though limited, of all 20 medicines. After an NRD, the pattern of use was variable, with the use of some medicines stabilizing or declining but others increasing. We identified factors to help explain unexpected use in some cases. These included delays between medicine launch and initial SMC advice, the publication of conflicting advice from different national bodies and failure to engage with relevant clinical experts early in the medicine review process.CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the complex relationship between advice following health technology assessment and change in clinical practice. When this study was done there were significant limitations in the collection of prescribing data within the NHS, which recent changes promise to improve.
Warfarin‐associated bleeding events and concomitant use of potentially interacting medicines reported to the Norwegian spontaneous reporting system
Authors: Narum Sigrid , Solhaug Vigdis , Myhr Kirsten , Johansen Per Wiik , Brørs Odd , Kringen Marianne Kristiansen 
Published: October 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Bleeding is the main adverse drug reaction of warfarin use.• Several medicines, herbal products and dietary supplements may interact with warfarin.• A high percentage of patients on warfarin receive potentially interacting substances. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • Potentially interacting medicines were used in more than 50% of the warfarin‐associated bleeding events reported to the Norwegian spontaneous reporting system.• Only a minority of the concomitant medicines were reported as suspected or interacting in the reporters' assessments.• There was a higher degree of under‐reporting of pharmacokinetically than of pharmacodynamically interacting medicines.AIMS To study warfarin associated bleeding events reported to the Norwegian spontaneous reporting system and evaluate the differences in assessment of potentially interacting medicines between reporters and evaluators.METHODS Data on bleeding events on warfarin were retrieved from the Norwegian spontaneous reporting system database. Key measurements were time to bleeding, use of concomitant medications and the evaluation done by reporters.RESULTS In 289 case reports a total of 1261 medicines (median 4.0 per patient, range 1–17) was used. The evaluators (authors of this article) identified 546 medicines including warfarin (median 2.0 per patient, range 1–7) that could possibly cause bleeding alone or in combination. Reporters assessed 349 medicines (median 1.0 per patient, range 1–4) as suspect. Evaluators identified 156 pharmacokinetic and 101 pharmacodynamic interactions, compared with 19 pharmacokinetic and 56 pharmacodynamic interactions reported as suspected by the reporters. Time to bleeding was stated in 224 reports. Among the early bleeding events, the reports on warfarin without interacting medicines showed the highest INR (international normalized ratio). Heparin was used in 17/21 reported bleeding events during the first week on warfarin. Among the late bleeding events, reports with pharmacokinetic interacting medicines had the highest INR.CONCLUSIONS Concomitant use of potentially interacting medicines was involved in the majority of the warfarin‐associated bleeding events reported to the Norwegian spontaneous reporting system. Reporters assessed mostly warfarin as the only contributor to bleeding. In particular, pharmacokinetically interacting medicines were not suspected as contributing to bleeding.
The influence of early life factors on the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Colebatch A N , Edwards C J 
Published: October 2010

SummaryRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that develops as a result of the interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. Although increasing evidence shows the importance of genes in determining the risk of RA, it is clear that environmental factors also have a vital role. Studies to date have tended to concentrate on environmental influences around the time of disease onset. However, a number of pieces of evidence, including the fact that autoantibodies, such as rheumatoid factor (RF), can develop several years before the onset of clinical disease, suggest that environmental factors may influence disease susceptibility during early life. Several recent studies lend weight to this possibility, with an increased risk of RA in the offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy and in those with higher birth weight. There has also been a suggestion that the risk of RA is reduced in breast-fed infants. We describe the evidence surrounding the effect of early life factors on the risk of developing RA and possible mechanisms by which they may act.