bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer‐to‐peer business processes—conception, construction, tooling
Authors: Werth Dirk , Walter Philipp , Emrich Andreas , Loos Peter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBusiness processes are a core concept of modern enterprise organization. Mainly, they describe the way a company is working internally and how the added value is generated. But as today's businesses are increasingly working in new forms, such as collaborations, cooperations, alliances etc., the single‐enterprise‐focused business process concept is hardly suitable. In this paper, we focus on collaborative scenarios where fully independent enterprises co‐work in order to generate a common added value. For this application environment, we conceive the concept of peer‐to‐peer (P2P) business processes. We show that this concept requires new ways of model generation, because a traditional modeling by a group of human modellers is hard to realize in such a business environment. This new modeling approach is a module‐based, industrial‐kind business process construction. In order to investigate the feasibility of the construction method, we developed a software prototype that can perform an automated construction of P2P business processes. We close this paper with technical insights in this prototype to describe how it is working. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing an open‐source, rule‐based proofreading tool
Authors: Miłkowski Marcin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we show how an open‐source, language‐independent proofreading tool has been built. Many languages lack contextual proofreading tools; for many others, only partial solutions are available. Using existing, largely language‐independent tools and collaborative processes it is possible to develop a practical style and grammar checker and to fight the digital divide in countries where commercial linguistic application software is unavailable or too expensive for average users. The described solution depends on relatively easily available language resources and does not require a fully formalized grammar nor a deep parser, yet it can detect many frequent context‐dependent spelling mistakes, as well as grammatical, punctuation, usage, and stylistic errors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extending applications using an advanced approach to DLL injection and API hooking
Authors: Berdajs J. , Bosnić Z. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWhen programmers need to modify third‐party applications, they frequently do not have access to their source code. In such cases, DLL injection and API hooking are techniques that can be used to modify applications without intervening into their source code. The commonly used varieties of injection and hooking approaches have many practical limitations: they are inconvenient for a programmer to implement, do not work reliably in conjunction with all applications and with certain low‐level machine instructions. In this paper we present two novel approaches to DLL injection and API hooking, which we callDebugger‐aided DLL injectionandSingle Instruction Hooking. Our approaches overcome the limitations of the state‐of‐the art approaches. Despite incurring greater execution times, our approach allows extending of the applications in situations where the comparable approaches fail. As such, it has a notable practical value for beneficial practical applications of injection and hooking approaches, which are present in malware detection programs and computer security tools. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite element model correlation and calibration of historic masonry monuments: review
Authors: Atamturktur Sezer , Laman Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBuilding a reliable finite element (FE) model of historic masonry structures is a difficult undertaking due to the challenges in accurate representation of irregular geometry, complex material behaviour and complicated boundary conditions between structural masonry components. Model calibration refers to correcting the inherent deficiencies within the FE model by matching outputs to measured data. Model calibration has the potential to produce more reliable computer models and thus aid in the economical management and maintenance of contemporary as well as heritage structures. Researchers involved in the assessment of historic masonry monuments have devoted decades of consistent attention to FE model calibration. This paper reviews the recent developments in this topic with a focus on complex vaulted masonry monuments. Studies on simpler forms of masonry structures, such as masonry arch bridges or masonry towers, are also discussed since they lay the groundwork for studies on more complex structures. This paper identifies several remaining technical challenges as model calibration approaches gain wider recognition and usage in historic monument structural assessment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smart buildings and viscous dampers—a design engineer's perspective
Authors: Taylor Douglas P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe use of viscous dampers providing high damping levels within buildings is a relatively new application for a well‐established and proven technology. The first modern use of damping technology in structural engineering occurred in the 1990s and has become increasingly popular today. Seminal research using viscous dampers to improve a structure's seismic response took place at the Multidisciplinary Center for Extreme Events Research (MCEER) at the State of New York at Buffalo in the early 1990s. This research documented excellent improvements in seismic capacity by simply adding dampers. Within a few years, highly effective computers and structural analysis/design software would arrive in the marketplace to properly model optimized damper designs. At this time, dampers began to be implemented on buildings and bridges, worldwide. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced Scanning Probes for Micro–Nano Science Researches
Authors: Akiyama Terunobu , Gautsch Sebastian , Parrat Daniel , Imer Raphaël , Vettiger Peter , Staufer Urs , de Rooij Nicolaas F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study, we introduce five unique scanning probes developed in our laboratory for different fields of application. These probes are the results of excellent collaborations with many external partners. Each probe possesses many advanced features that one can hardly obtain with plane probes for conventional optical deflection system. The applications of these probes are very versatile, from atomic force microscope for the exploration of Mars to in vivo measurements of human knee cartilage. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fixed Energy Storage Technology Applied for DC Electrified Railway
Authors: Konishi Takeshi , Morimoto Hiroaki , Aihara Toru , Tsutakawa Masaru 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe fixed energy storage system solves the problem of rising energy costs by reducing primary energy consumption. Without a fixed energy storage system, the energy generated by a braking vehicle would be simply converted into waste heat by its braking resistors if no other vehicles are powered simultaneously. Because, as a rule, such synchronized braking and powering cannot be coordinated, the energy storage system stores the energy generated during braking and discharges it again when a vehicle is powered. This greatly reduces primary energy demand in the substation. However, in addition to this energy saving, the energy storage system contributes to the reduction of CO2 emissions. The energy storage system also stabilizes the system voltage. Recent years have witnessed an advance in the energy storage media technology. Developments of energy storage media, lithium ion battery, nickel‐metal hydride battery, and electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) have been remarkable. This study introduces technologies of fixed energy storage system applicable for DC electrified railway in Japan, and describes two examples of charge/discharge characteristics. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Application of Energy Storage Technologies for Electric Railway Vehicles—Examples with Hybrid Electric Railway Vehicles
Authors: Ogasa Masamichi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRegenerative braking of railway electric vehicles is effective when other powering vehicles, in other words electrical load, exist near the regenerating train on the same electrified line. So, at early mornings and late nights, or in the low‐density district lines, regeneration cancellation phenomenon often occurs and the regenerative brake force cannot be operated in accordance with the commanded value. The new high‐performance energy storage devices tackle the issues of energy storage and reuse technologies for on‐ground and on‐vehicle situations. A hybrid energy source is one effective solution. In this paper, the effective use of regenerating braking and the expected electricity storage technology in future for further energy conservation in the electric railway field will be outlined, with actual examples. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Energy Saving Techniques for the Power Feeding Network of Electric Railways
Authors: Takagi Ryo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractElectric railcars using current collection are generally more energy efficient than battery‐powered cars in terms of charge/discharge losses in the batteries. However, in electric railway systems, high resistive losses in the feeding circuit can be observed, as well as low line receptivity for regenerative braking trains in the DC railways. Several new techniques are being developed to improve the situation, which will enable further reduction of energy lost in the feeding network. This work classifies the possible approaches and discusses the possibilities of the emerging techniques. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fault Current Limiting Function of Dynamic Voltage Restorer Utilizing Signals from Existing Protective Relays
Authors: Xuan Tung Nguyen , Fujita Goro 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a series custom compensator used in power distribution network; however, due to the fact that it is connected in series with the distribution line, DVR would suffer from downstream faults. To limit the flow of large fault currents and protect DVR itself as well, a fault current limiting function is proposed in the DVR control strategy. Fault current limiting function of DVR will be activated by the protection system and then DVR will start injecting a series voltage to the line in such a way as to limit fault current to an appropriate level (in accordance with required sensitivity of the protection systems). The contribution of this proposal is the use of signals from existing feeder protection system to activate the DVR. This will simplify the structure of DVR because the extra build‐in fault detection module is not required. Moreover, it will ensure proper coordination between DVR and protection systems. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Diffusion Characteristics of VOCs Indoors
Authors: Shibata Shin‐ichi , Higashino Tsubasa , Oyabu Takashi , Sawada Ayako , Nanto Hidehito , Toko Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDiffusion characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated indoors using tin oxide gas sensors. The chemicals cause various kinds of symptoms in humans, for example, the sick house syndrome. In this study, eight sensors were installed in a vertical direction and on a plane surface. These sensors were of the same type. The VOC is placed in a generation source, and the sensor output increases as the chemical diffuses. The sensor output becomes higher as the concentration increases. The following chemicals were tried as air pollutants: formaldehyde, toluene, and xylene. The sensor output changes in short, quick steps by slight fluctuations of the wind velocity. Therefore, the differential characteristic of the sensor output was adopted and the noise component was removed as far as possible. A threshold time tth to the characteristic was set up. It is assumed that the examining chemical reaches the installed sensor point in a time greater than this time. The new speed of arrival is proposed using the threshold time. The speed s [cm/min] is indicated using the distance d and the reaching time tth, namely, s = d/tth. Here, d means the distance between the sensor position and the polluting source. As a result, the speed for the sensor that is installed near the ceiling (at a height of 260 cm from the floor) is the highest. And, it became obvious that s was larger for the chemical with a smaller molecule. The speed of formaldehyde for the sensor installed near the ceiling was 700 cm/min and that for the sensor installed at the height of 100 cm from the floor was 370 cm/min. There is almost a two times difference in the speed. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Toward Evaluation of a Student's Simulator Training Using Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Murai Koji , Hayashi Yuji 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMental workload is useful for evaluating the performance of a ship's navigator and a bridge teammate: a captain, a duty officer, a helmsman, or a pilot. The heart rate variability, the nasal temperature, and the salivary amylase activity predict performance well based on pre‐experiments. However, most of the research was carried out for a professional's skill. A student's skill has not been evaluated yet. In this work, we evaluate a student's heart rate variability (R–R interval) as he guides a ship from a narrow channel to an open sea for a simulator training, and consider simulator training effects. The experiment was carried out using a ship bridge simulator, not a real ship. We show that the R–R interval is a good index for the evaluation of the simulator training. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Two‐stage first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21 by ultrasound assessment and biochemical testing
Authors: Kagan K. O. , Staboulidou I. , Cruz J. , Wright D. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectivesThis study was carried out to examine the performance of a contingent policy in first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21, in which the estimated risk was first derived by a combination of maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, presence/absence of the nasal bone, blood flow in the ductus venosus or flow across the tricuspid valve, and biochemical testing was carried out only in those who were found to have an intermediate risk. We also examined the performance of a policy in which the estimated risk was first derived by a combination of maternal age and biochemical testing, and ultrasound examination was carried out only in those with an intermediate risk.MethodsThe data for this study were derived from prospective screening for trisomy 21 in singleton pregnancies, using, as markers, a combination of maternal age, fetal NT thickness and maternal‐serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A), in a one‐stop clinic for first‐trimester assessment of risk at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. Assessment of the fetal nasal bone, ductus venosus flow and tricuspid flow were also routinely performed by appropriately trained sonographers. The performance of different screening policies was examined.ResultsThe study population consisted of 19 614 pregnancies with a normal karyotype or delivery of a phenotypically normal baby (euploid group) and 122 cases of trisomy 21. The best performance was achieved by a contingent policy in which first‐stage screening was based on maternal age, fetal NT thickness and either tricuspid valve or ductus venosus blood flow, followed by biochemical testing only those with an intermediate risk, of 1 in 51 to 1 in 1000 (which constituted about 20% of the total). The performance of contingent screening in which first‐stage testing relies on biochemistry was poorer than when first‐stage screening was performed by ultrasound examination because, in order to achieve the same detection rate, the false‐positive rate was twice as high.ConclusionEffective first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21 can be achieved by a contingent policy in which first‐stage testing is based on ultrasound examination and second‐stage biochemical testing is carried out in only 20% of the patients. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endometriomas: their ultrasound characteristics
Authors: Van Holsbeke C. , Van Calster B. , Guerriero S. , Savelli L. , Paladini D. , Lissoni A. A. , Czekierdowski A. , Fischerova D. , Zhang J. , Mestdagh G. , Testa A. C. , Bourne T. , Valentin L. , Timmerman D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the ultrasound characteristics of endometriomas in pre‐ and postmenopausal patients and to develop rules that characterize endometriomas.MethodsAll patients included in the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) studies were used in our analysis. Patients with an adnexal mass were scanned by experienced sonologists using a standardized research protocol. The gold standard was the histology of the surgically removed adnexal mass. The gray‐scale and Doppler ultrasound characteristics of the endometriomas were compared with those of other benign and malignant masses. Based on decision‐tree analysis, the existing literature and clinical experience, ultrasound rules for the detection of endometriomas were created and evaluated.ResultsOf all 3511 patients included in the IOTA studies, 713 (20%) had endometriomas. Fifty‐one per cent of the endometriomas were unilocular cysts with ground glass echogenicity of the cyst fluid. These characteristics were found less often among other benign tumors or malignancies, or among the small set of endometriomas (4%) that were found in postmenopausal patients. Based on the decision‐tree analysis, the optimal rule to detect endometriomas was ‘an adnexal mass in a premenopausal patient with ground glass echogenicity of the cyst fluid, one to four locules and no papillations with detectable blood flow’. Based on clinical considerations, the following rule: ‘premenopausal status, ground glass echogenicity of the cyst fluid, one to four locules and no solid parts’ seems preferable.ConclusionsSeveral rules had a good ability to characterize endometriomas. The ultrasound characteristics of endometriomas differ between pre‐ and postmenopausal patients. Masses in postmenopausal women whose cystic contents have a ground glass appearance have a high risk of malignancy. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decision making under risk and uncertainty
Authors: Johnson Joseph G. , Busemeyer Jerome R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDecision making is studied from a number of different theoretical approaches. Normative theories focus on how to make the best decisions by deriving algebraic representations of preference from idealized behavioral axioms. Descriptive theories adopt this algebraic representation, but incorporate known limitations of human behavior. Computational approaches start from a different set of assumptions altogether, focusing instead on the underlying cognitive and emotional processes that result in the selection of one option over the other. This review comprehensively but concisely describes and contrasts three approaches in terms of their theoretical assumptions and their ability to account for behavioral and neurophysiological evidence from experimental research. Although each approach contributes substantially to our understanding of human decision making, we argue that the computational approach is more fruitful and parsimonious for describing and predicting choices in both laboratory and applied settings and for understanding the neurophysiological substrates of decision making. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:Economics > Individual Decision-MakingPsychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Wind Energy literature survey no. 16
Authors: Henriksen L. C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAs a service to readers, Wind Energy regularly conducts literature surveys and publishes lists of relevant articles drawn from recent issues of a large number of periodicals including: Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, International Journal of Energy Research, Renewable Energy, Energy Sources, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, Electric Power Components and Systems along with a number of periodicals published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers etc. The list is limited exclusively to journals not specifically devoted to wind energy and its applications. To assist the reader, the list is separated into broad categories. Although many papers fit several categories, each paper is listed only once under the category thought most appropriate. Please note that the inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. Compiled by Lars Christian Henriksen, Wind Energy Department, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, PO 49, DK‐4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Please e‐mail any suggestions to larh@risoe.dtu.dk.
Nanomedicine and ethics: is there anything new or unique?
Authors: Kuiken Todd 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAs medicine moves toward being able to predict what you will die from and when, nanomedicine is expected to enhance human capabilities and properties and promises the ability of health care professionals to diagnose, treat, and share medical information nearly instantaneously. It promises to deliver drugs directly to the source of the disease, i.e. tumor. This article examines the literature surrounding ethics associated with nanomedicine, and asks whether these ethical issues are new and unique. While opinions differ, this review concludes that none of the ethical questions surrounding nanomedicine are new or unique, and would hold true for any new medical device or medicine that was being evaluated. The real issue becomes public acceptance of nanomedicine and how much risk society is willing to accept with a new technology before it is proven effective and ‘safe’. While ethical foresight can prove effective in forecasting potential problems, in reality, ethics may not be capable of evaluating such a technology that has yet proven effective in all it has promised. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 111–118 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.90This article is categorized under:

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
Atomic force microscopy of fungal cell walls: an update
Authors: Dufrêne Yves F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAlthough the chemical composition of many fungal cell walls is known, the spatial organization and interactions of the individual macromolecules remain mysterious. In this context, single‐cell and single‐molecule atomic force microscopy techniques offer new opportunities for probing the surface of fungal cells down to molecular resolution. Recent breakthroughs include the visualization of the structural dynamics of single cells as they grow or interact with drugs, the quantification and nanoscale imaging of cell surface hydrophobicity and the measurement of the molecular elasticity of cell wall polysaccharides and proteins. Here I highlight the advances made by my team in this area during the past 3 years. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.