bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serological Studies onCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisInfections in Goats using Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: Sting R. , Steng G. , Spengler D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosiswas isolated from a goat suffering from caseous lymphadenitis and used for preparation of cell wall antigens and exotoxin for detection of specific antibodies in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In immunoblotting sodium dodecyt sulphate (SDS) extracted cell wall antigens revealed molecular weights ranging from 20 to 120 kDa. The raw exotoxin showed molecular weights of 30 and 55 kDa and an inhibition of the haemolysis of aStaphylococcus aureusstrain. For validation of the ELISA 109 goats of known clinical status were examined reaching a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 76% for this test. No serological reactions showed in 191 goats originating from 11 flocks which never had suffered from caseous lymphadenitis. Using this ELISA test 24 goats originating from flocks suffering from caseous lymphadenitis were examined serologically before and after vaccination with a bacterin. Before vaccination one of the five goats with clinical signs showed no positive reaction in ELISA. After vaccination all 24 animals showed positive reactions. Of a total of 1868 goats sampled in Baden‐Wuerttemberg 41 (2.2%) in 22 (10%) flocks showed positive reactions in ELISA.
Studies on Biochemical, Serological and further Characteristics of Streptococcus porcinus
Authors: Lämmler Ch. , Cirak N. , Smola J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn the present study 70 Streptococcus porcinus isolates could be identified and further characterized by cultural and biochemical properties, by determination of their antibiotic susceptibility and by serological classifications. The S. porcinus included serogroup‐ and serotype‐reference strains, presumptive group candidates and isolates obtained from routine diagnostics. All cultures investigated appeared with a broad zone of β‐haemolysis on sheep blood agar showed a CAMP‐like reactivity in the zone of staphylococcal β‐lysin and had the typical biochemical properties of this species. Determination of antibiotic susceptibility revealed a high number of cultures to be susceptible to ampicillin, bacitracin, chloramphenicol, penicillin and vancomycin. Resistances could be observed for erythromycin, minocycline, sulfamethoxazol‐trimethoprim, streptomycin and tetracycline.Serogrouping and serotyping could be performed with autoclaved extracts of the bacteria and group‐ and type‐specific antisera prepared against reference strains and group candidates by immunodiffusion reactions. By serogrouping almost all cultures could be classified into serogroup E, U, V or P. Some group E streptococci could additionally be serotyped with type II, VI, VII and group X specific antiserum indicating that group X represents an additional type antigen of serogroup E. None of the antigen preparations reacted with serotype IV, V or group candidate NG1 specific antiserum.The described properties might help to identify and further characterize isolates of the species. S. porcinus, possibly useful in epidemiological aspects.
Comparative Studies of Diagnostic Bacteriological Methods for the Recovery of Salmonella from Faecal Samples from Flocks of Layers
Authors: Braun C. , Kostka V. , Balks E. , Redmann T. , Helmuth R. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySeveral conventional culture procedures were compared for the recovery of Salmonella from faecal samples of layer flocks. The cultural media employed consisted of Rappaport‐Vassiliadis and tetrathionate broth for selective enrichment and three different plating media (Brilliant Green, Xylose‐Lysine‐Desoxy‐cholate and modified semisolid Rappaport‐Vassiliadis medium). The initial enrichment and plating procedures were repeated in a four‐stage secondary enrichment. Selective enrichment in Rappaport‐Vassiliadis or tetrathionate broth followed by plating on modified semisolid Rappaport‐Vassiliadis medium (selective motility enrichment) resulted in a significantly higher isolation rate for Salmonella from faecal samples of layers compared to Brilliant Green and Xylose‐Lysine‐Desoxycholate medium. The selective enrichment yielded additional Salmonella isolates up to the second stage. Further enrichment did not increase the isolation rate.
Report of a Case of Pyogenic Arthritis Associated with Actinomyces pyogenes in a Chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica)
Authors: Lavin S. , Marco I. , Franch J. , Abarca L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA case of pyogenic arthritis associated to an Actinomyces pyogenes infection in a chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) is described. The animal was a 5‐year‐old female that had been seen alone in a wooded area close to a small town in November 1995, and was lame on one front limb. One month later, it was seen again in a nearby area. Its lameness had worsened and it knuckled on both front limbs while eating. Its nutrition status had worsened considerably. On 8 January 1996 the animal was found dead. It was cachectic, its metatarsal/metacarpal‐digital joints were all swollen and its hoofs were longer than normal. The microbiological study of the samples obtained showed a large number of β‐haemolytic colonies subsequently identified as Actinomyces pyogenes. Obligate anaerobic bacteria were not isolated from the samples.
Prevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies to Akabane Virus in Ruminants in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al‐Afaleq A. I. , Elzein E. M. E. Abu , Mellor P. S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total number of 2125 serum samples collected from indigenous sheep and goats and locally‐raised cattle from different localities in Saudi Arabia, were screened for Akabane virus‐neutralizing antibodies. The overall prevalence of antibodies was 32 % in the animals examined. However the prevalence in cattle was 49 %, while in sheep and goats it was 17 %. No clinical cases of Akabane have been confirmed so far in Saudi Arabia; but virus isolation attempts are ongoing.
Levels of IgM and IgA Circulating Immune Complexes in Dogs with Leishmaniasis
Authors: Margarito J. M. , Lucena R. , López R. , Molleda J. M. , Martín E. , Ginel P. J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe concentrations of IgM and IgA circulating immune complexes (CIC) were determined in 82 dogs with naturally acquired leishmania infection and in a control group of 25 healthy dogs. The mean serum IgM and IgA CIC concentration in infected dogs were significantly (IgM; P < 0.004; IgA; P < 0.000) higher than in the control group. An increase in IgM and IgA CIC concentration was found in 47.6 and 95.1 %, respectively, of the leishmania‐infected dogs. The serum IgM and IgA CIC concentrations in infected dogs showing hypercreatininaemia were not statistically higher than those of sick dogs with normal creatininaemia. When hypercreatininaemia (≥ 1.30 mg/dl) was used as an indicator for CIC disease, the positive predictive value obtained was 0.368 for IgM CIC and 0.894 for IgA CIC, indicating that renal function impairment was associated with the high serum IgM and IgA CIC concentrations in 36.8 and 89.4 %, respectively, of the infected dogs.
Effect of Tylosin Tartrate on Humoral Immune Responses in Chickens
Authors: Baba T. , Yamashita N. , Kodama H. , Mukamoto M. , Asada M. , Nakamoto K. , Nose Y. , McGruder E. D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWhile many antimicrobial agents have been reported to cause immunosuppression in animals, macrolide antibiotics enhance the immune function. Tylosin tartrate is a macrolide antibiotic approved for the control of mycoplasmosis in poultry. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of tylosin on the humoral immune functions in chickens. Three days after oral tylosin tartrate administration, 4‐ or 8‐week‐old chickens were immunized intravenously with carbolic acid‐killed Brucella abortus bacterin or sheep red blood cells. Seven days (plasma antibodies titre) or 4 days (antibody forming cells) post‐immunization, there was a significant increase in antibody production as well as in the numbers of antibody‐producing cells in tylosin tartrate‐administered chickens compared with the untreated controls. However, 3 days after tylosin tartrate administration, there was no difference in the distribution of T‐lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4 or CD8 positive cells) or B lymphocytes (surface immunoglobulin positive cells) in either the peripheral blood or spleens of treated or untreated control chickens.
Virulence Determinants ofEscherichia coliIsolated from the Milk of Sows with Coliform Mastitis
Authors: Mörner A. Pedersen , Faris A. , Krovacek K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEscherichia coliisolates recovered from the milk of sows with coliform mastitis were examined to determine their biochemical and serologic characteristics, serum resistance and ability to adhere to fibronectin and bovine fetal fibroblasts. No common biotype was identified, and a variety of serovars were detected. Ninety‐five per cent of the investigated strains were serum resistant in swine serum. Binding to fibronectin was demonstrated in most of the strains. At a binding level above 13% of the added fibronectin the strains also adhered to fibroblasts. The results of the study indicate a galactogenous route of infection. The importance of the identified virulence factors needs to be further elucidated.
Secondary Immunodeficiency in Dogs with Enteric, Dermatologic, Infectious or Parasitic Diseases
Authors: Toman M. , Svoboda M. , Rybníĉek J. , Krejĉí J. , Svobodová V. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA group of 238 dogs with various infectious and parasitic diseases, in which suppressed activity of the immune system could be presumed, was examined using a set of immunological methods. The frequency and depth of immunosuppression and its association with certain infectious or parasitic disease were determined. Marked immunosuppression was found in 62 (26%) of the dogs examined. Dogs with distemper, parvovirosis and German Shepherd dog pyoderma (GSP) were the most severely impaired. Dogs in acute phases of distemper or parvovirosis had decreased numbers and activity of lymphocytes and decreased immunoglobulin levels. Dogs with GSP had some of the following immunologic symptoms: inhibition of phagocytosis, reduced activity of lymphocytes, decreased levels of haemolytic complement and increased levels of immunoglobulin and lysozyme. A persistent immunosuppression was found in 12 dogs. These dogs were diagnosed with deep pyoderma, giardiasis, dermatophytosis or neoplasms. Although samples were not taken before the clinical diseases appeared, it can be presumed that some diseases caused immunosuppression (distemper or parvovirosis), and for other diseases immunosuppression was a predisposing factor (dermatophytosis, giardiasis and possibly GSP).
Prevalence of Antibodies to Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus and/or Border Disease Virus in Domestic Ruminants
Authors: Zaghawa A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 652 sera collected from cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and camels were investigated for the presence of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus. The prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to BVD virus was 49.2, 52.0, 27.5, 31.4 and 52.5 % in cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and camels, respectively. The positive sera were titrated against BVD virus (BVDV) strains NADL and Oregon C24V; the latter is closely related to border disease (BD) virus. The frequency distributions of the antibody titres to both strains are presented. The statistical analysis shows no significant difference between the antibody titres to BVDV strains NADL and Oregon C24V in cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and camels. On the other hand antibody titres to BVDV were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in cattle and buffalo in comparison with sheep, goats and camels. The cell‐bound immunoassay (CBIA) is a serological test established for the detection and titration of antibodies to BVD virus and BD virus. The percentage of agreement between the CBIA and the neutralizing peroxidase‐linked antibody (NPLA) test was 96.1 and 95.3% in cattle and buffalo, respectively. The sensitivity of the CBIA in comparison with the NPLA was 100% while the specificity was 92.3 and 90.3 % when testing the sera of cattle and buffalo, respectively. The method is easy to perform, cheap and suitable for the conditions in Egypt.
Assessment of Phagocytic Capacity and Opsonic Activity in Blood and Mammary Secretions During Lactation in Sows
Authors: Magnusson U. , Greko C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine whether phagocytic capacity and opsonic activity in blood and mammary secretions of sows are impaired at parturition compared with later on during lactation. The study comprised eight primiparous sows (Landrace x Yorkshire) free from clinical signs of disease. Blood and mammary secretion samples were collected within 48 h of parturition and 7 and 16 days after parturition. Numbers and proportion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were determined in blood and mammary secretions. Phagocytic capacity was assessed in whole blood and in a cell suspension derived from mammary secretions. Opsonic activity was assessed in serum and in cell‐depleted, skimmed mammary secretions. The two assays were based on chemiluminescence, both having zymosan andEscherichia colias target particles. Numbers and proportion of PMN in mammary secretions were higher (P < 0.05) at parturition than later on during lactation. At parturition, phagocytic capacity in cell suspensions derived from mammary secretions was higher for both (P < 0.05) andE. coli(P < 0.1). However, when phagocytic capacity was related to the number of PMN in the suspension no such difference was observed. The opsonic activity in cell‐depleted, skimmed mammary secretions at parturition was lower (P < 0.05) for zymosan but not forE. coli.None of the described variations were reflected in blood or serum. The findings of this study do not unequivocally support the theory that an immune suppression at parturition in the sow can help explain the increased incidence of coliform mastitis at that time.
Cilia‐Associated Respiratory (CAR) Bacillus Infection In Conventionally Reared Rabbits
Authors: Caniatti M. , Crippa L. , Giusti A. M. , Mattiello S. , Grilli G. , Orsenigo R. , Scanziani E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study was designed to investigate the prevalence of Cilia‐associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus infection in rabbits reared for meat production in Italy and to correlate the presence of CAR bacillus with inflammatory lesions of the respiratory tract. Seventy healthy, 3‐month‐old, New Zealand White rabbits, raised in 10 different rabbitries in Northern Italy were randomly selected at slaughter. No gross lesions were found at necropsy in any rabbit. In each animal, the trachea and lungs were sampled, fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin and stained with the Warthin—Starry method to evaluate the presence of CAR bacillus, and with haematoxylin and eosin to evaluate the presence of inflammatory lesions. CAR bacillus was present in 50 out of 70 rabbits (71.4%) with a prevalence of the infection that varied from 30% to 100% in the seven rabbitries. CAR bacillus was present both in the trachea and bronchi in 23 cases (32.8%), only in the trachea in 24 cases (34.3%) and only in the bronchi in three cases (4.3%). Inflammatory lesions were found in the trachea (22 cases, 31.4%) and the bronchi (58 cases, 82.8%). There was a strong, statistically significant correlation between the presence of CAR bacillus in the bronchi and bronchial inflammatory lesions (P < 0.0001).This study indicates that CAR bacillus infection is widespread in conventionally reared rabbits in Italy and that a possible correlation exists between the presence of CAR bacillus and bronchial inflammatory lesions.
Comparison of European Systemic Piscine and Amphibian Iridoviruses with Epizootic Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus and Frog Virus 3
Authors: Ahne W. , Bearzotti M. , Bremont M. , Essbauer S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIridovirus‐like agents isolated from systemic infected fish (Silurus glanis, SFIR; Ictalurus melas, CFIR I, CFIR II, CFIR III) and from frogs (Rana esculenta, REIR) in Europe, Epizootic Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus (EHNV) isolated in Australia from redfin perch (Perca fluviatilis), and Frog Virus 3 (FV 3) isolated from frogs (Rana pipiens) in the USA were investigated by electron microscopy, polypeptide composition, immunofluorescence, restriction endonuclease digestion, Southern‐blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. All virus isolates proved to be similar in morphology and in size and reacted with EHNV polyclonal antiserum in the immunofluorescence. Whilst DNA restriction profiles of the European piscine isolates cleaved by BamH I were similar, they differed clearly from those of EHNV, REIR and FV 3. Southern‐blot analysis of viral BamH I‐digested DNA using an EHNV DNA probe revealed cross‐hybridization with the DNA of the investigated iridoviruses. Using a set of primers designed for an open reading frame of the EHNV genome, PCR products of about 250 bp were obtained with the DNA of systemic piscine and amphibian iridoviruses. The data suggest that the systemic piscine and amphibian iridoviruses should be regarded as members of the genus Ranavirus within the family Iridoviridae.
Direct Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex and M. avium Complex in Tissue Specimens from Cattle Through Identification of Specific rRNA Sequences
Authors: Bollo E. , Guarda F. , Capucchio M. T. , Galietti F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct test and Accuprobe M. avium Complex test, rely on recognition of specific rRNA sequences. The present investigation included sequentially a pre‐evaluation study and a study on non‐visible lesion tuberculin reactor cattle. As regards the first study, tests were performed on tissue samples from 14 reactors with tuberculous‐like lesions and from as many lesion‐free non‐reactors, using culture findings as a reference. MTD and Accuprobe M. Avium Complex tests proved positive in 12 and 2 reactors respectively. Both tests proved negative in all non‐reactors. Data consisted with culture findings. The aim of the second study was to verify the presence of mycobacteria in lymph node and tonsil homogenates from 32 non‐visible lesion cattle. MTD and Accuprobe M. avium Complex tests proved positive in 10 and 14 subjects respectively; no overlap was found. Our research demonstrates that low to minimal amounts of the main pathogenic mycobacteria can be reliably identified from cattle tissues by commercially available tests, which give simple, more rapid results than conventional techniques.
Myocarditis Associated with Theileria spp. in Calves
Authors: Hervás J. , Carrasco L. , Gómez‐Villamandos J. C. , de Lara F. Chacón‐M. , Sierra M. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo 3‐week‐old Limousin x Retinta calves from extensive farms in the south of Spain died suddenly. Microscopic examination of the spleen and lymph nodes revealed an intense lymphoid proliferation; the germinal centres were prominent and were surrounded by areas of haemorrhage. Parasitic forms, similar to Koch's bodies, were observed in only a small number of lymphoid cells and macrophages. In the myocardium a severe myocarditis was found. Inflammatory cells were in close contact with damaged myocytes, sometimes surrounding fragments of cells. In some areas the vessels had intraluminal deposits of fibrin. The endothelial damage and thrombosis may have contributed to the damage observed in the myocytes, together with the cytotoxic mechanism associated with the presence of an intense inflammatory infiltrate. The active multiplication of parasites may be due to the age of the animals and their breed, since they are not an autochthonous breed and present low resistance to infection.
Use of the Protective Antigen ofErysipelothrix rhusiopathiaein the Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay and Latex Agglutination
Authors: Sato H. , Yamazaki Y. , Tsuchiya K. , Aoyama T. , Akaba N. , Suzuki T. , Yokoyama A. , Saito H. , Maehara N. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTo establish a safe and convenient serodiagnostic method for swine erysipelas, a purified protective protein antigen ofErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, which included a large amount of protective protein (64 kDa protein), was used for enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the latex agglutination (LA) test. In the ELISA, the antisera to four different serovars (1a, 2, 5 and 20) of E. rhusiopathiae exhibit a positive reaction, while antisera to other species of bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus suis, Rhodococcus equiandCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosis) exhibit a negative reaction. In the LA test, the antisera to three different serovars (1a, 2 and 5) ofE. rhusiopathiaereacted with P64‐sensitized latex beads, while the antiserum to serovar 20 (2553 strain) did not. Moreover, the antisera to other species of bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus suis, Rhodococcus equi and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis) did not in this test. Comparing the results of the growth agglutination (GA), ELISA and LA tests of 284 swine sera, there was a high degree of correlation among the results. The detection of anti‐E. rhusiopathiaeantibodies in the GA, ELISA and LA tests were compared using sera from pigs immunized with P64, alkaline extract (AE) and live‐cell vaccine (LV). In all three tests, anti‐E. rhusiopathiaeantibodies could be detected 1 week after immunization. The serum antibody titre as determined by the LA test increased moderately, as did that by the GA test, while that determined by ELISA increased rapidly. These results suggested that ELISA could be used to monitor changes in anti‐E. rhusiopathiaeantibody titre and the LA test could be used in the screening test for swine erysipelas.
Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in Milk by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Zanini M. S. , Moreira E. C. , Lopes M. T. , Mota P. , Salas C. E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA simple method was developed for DNA extraction of Mycobacterium bovis in milk and further detection of the bacterium by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Milk previously seeded with M. bovis was used as the starting material. The procedure involved overnight digestion of a milk sample with proteinase K at 56°C and phenol extraction, followed by ethanol precipitation and PCR. The amplification pattern obtained was analyzed with primers BW8‐BW9 which amplify a 248 bp in strains of M. bovis. By using the BW8‐BW9 primers, 103 CFU were detected on silver‐stained PAGE gels. The procedure was validated by PCR analysis of milk in tuberculin‐positive animals. It is anticipated that this method can be used for routine diagnosis of M. bovis in milk samples.
The Effect of Vaccination againstMycoplasma hyopneumoniaein Pig Herds with a Continuous Production System
Authors: Maes D. , Deluyker H. , Verdonck M. , Castryck F. , Miry C. , Lein A. , Vrijens B. , de Kruif A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn inactivatedMycoplasma hyopneumoniaevaccine was evaluated in five pig herds clinically infected with enzootic pneumonia and practising a continuous production system in the growing/finishing unit. In each herd, a vaccinated and control group of approximately 47 pigs each were individually monitored from birth until slaughter. Vaccinated pigs received the first dose at about 1 week of age and the second approximately 3 weeks later. During all production stages, an equal number of vaccinated and control pigs was present in the same pen. Both groups were compared with respect to zootechnical parameters (major variables) and by means of serological, pathological, and bacteriological parameters (ancillary variables). Daily weight gain was improved by 14 gr/day during the period from 8 days of age until slaughter (P = 0.0486) and by 25 gr/day during the growing/finishing period (P = 0.0067). Mortality rate, and the costs for curative medication were not significantly improved by vaccination. The results of the ancillary variables are presented and discussed.