bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National survey of the injury prevention activities of sure start children's centres
Authors: Watson M C , Kendrick D , Stewart J , Coupland C , Hayes M , Wynn P 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesTo explore the injury prevention activity being undertaken by Children's Centres.BackgroundSure Start Children's Centres are an important part of the UK Governments 10-year childcare strategy. The aim of the Centres is to improve health outcomes for all children. Accident prevention is one of the many vital roles Sure Start Children's Centres have in protecting and promoting the health of children. The Centres have the potential to make significant contributions to home safety for children under 5.MethodsA national postal survey will be undertaken in England to ascertain what activities Children's Centres are undertaking to prevent accidental injuries. The study population will comprise managers of Children's Centres. Cluster sampling will be used and 600 Centres will be included in the sample.ResultsThe results will include: characteristics of Centres; Children's Centres health priority areas; injury prevention activity; knowledge and attitudes towards injuries and their prevention; and, barriers and facilitators to injury prevention activity. In addition, the data will provide an insight into accident prevention partnerships in England, from a Children's Centre perspective.ConclusionThe findings will show what accident prevention activities for the under 5s are currently provided by Children's Centres across the country; and what support is needed to help Children Centre staff prevent accidents in the home. The study may highlight barriers to action as well as innovative effective practice.
Perceptions of local area as predictors of injury and physical activity among schoolchildren in Ireland
Authors: Molcho M , Kelly C , Gabhainn S N 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundUnintentional injury and physical inactivity together are the leading causes for disability and chronic illness in young people. Although the benefits of physical activity are well documented, there is evidence highlighting the risk for injury imposed by physical activity, potentially acting as a barrier for active lifestyle. This study aims to investigate characteristics in the local area that could both provide safe environment associated with decreased risk for injury and increased level of participation in physical activity.MethodsNationally representative data from 10 146 students aged 10–17 years were collected as part of the Irish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (WHO-HBSC) study. All participating children completed a questionnaire during class time. The questionnaire included questions on injury, participation in physical activity, and their perceptions of the area where they live. Associations between local area perceptions and physical activity and injury are expressed in odds ratios from logistic regression models.Results and Conclusions43% of Irish children reported a medically attended injury in the previous 12 months and 28% reported that they are physically active for 60 min or more every day. While most local area perceptions were not significantly associated with physical activity or injury, perceptions of safeness of the local area were associated with lower level of injury and higher level of participation in physical activity. These findings highlight the need for safe environment for children to play and live, environment that promotes physical activity, and at the same time, are associated with fewer injuries.
Helmets for snow sports in Australia: prevalence, predictors, recent trends and attitudes of use
Authors: Cundy T P , Systermans B J , Cundy W J , Cundy P J , Briggs N E , Robinson J B 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundTraumatic head injury is the leading cause of mortality and serious morbidity in snow sports and is increasing in incidence. Helmet use in snow sports can reduce incidence of head injury by up to 60%. Mandatory helmet use is not legislated in recreational settings for snow sports. This study aimed to quantify prevalence and trends of helmet use by skiers and snowboarders as well as investigate predictors of helmet use and reasons why they are worn.MethodsA cross-sectional study including observation of skiers and snowboarders allocated to adult and child groups (5267), retrospective review of ski patrol accident report forms recorded between 2003 and 2008 (3984) and completion of a specially designed questionnaire by randomly approached snow sport participants (1029).ResultsIn 2008, 16% of adults and 67% of children wore helmets. Helmet use increased for adults and children between 2003 and 2008. Children, males and snowboarders were significantly more likely to wear a helmet than respective counterparts. Significant predictors of helmet use were level of experience, past major crash requiring medical assistance, snow sport lessons and location of activity. Key reasons for helmet use and disuse were identified.ConclusionsChild helmet use far exceeded adult helmet use. Rates of voluntary use are increasing but many remain unprotected from benefits of a helmet. Identification of those least likely to wear a helmet and their reasons for not doing so should allow targeted helmet promotion and injury prevention strategies to reduce serious head injuries in snow sports.
Factors protecting skin from injury: relationships between age, skin colour and skin elasticity
Authors: Everett J S , Fargo J D , Sommers M S 
Published: March 2011

AimsOur work demonstrates that after both rape and consensual sexual intercourse, women with light skin have higher ano-genital injury prevalence than women with dark skin. These findings suggest that the mechanical properties of dark skin may be more protective than those of light skin. If these findings are generalisable, they may have an impact on criminal justice proceedings, where injury from rapes is linked with successful legal outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in skin elasticity between females with dark skin, as compared to those with light skin.MethodsWe enrolled 52 healthy female participants ≤18 years (M=30.8; SD=12.3), with a variety of ethnic backgrounds in a cross-sectional descriptive study, we measured skin colour (L*=light/dark; a*=red/green; b*=yellow/blue) by means of spectrophotometry. We measured skin elasticity variables (eg, skin deformation, elasticity and recovery) with a Cutometer MPA580.ResultsSkin colour L* values ranged from 796.96–7 229.33 (M=6238.96; SD=1116). While the correlation between skin colour and skin elasticity was insignificant (r=0.14), a statistically significant inverse relationship was found between age and skin elasticity (r2=−0.62, p<.0001).ConclusionsThe strong inverse relationship of age and skin elasticity indicates an increased risk of skin injury as women age. This data did not support the theory that skin elasticity is associated with colour. Study limitations include a disproportionate number of participants ≤25 years, with light skin, and self-identifying as White/Caucasian. Future work will include a larger sample, with greater parity across ages, race/ethnicities, and skin colours.
The trends in childhood unintentional injury death, hospitalisations and practice visits rate from 1984 to 2008 in Japan
Authors: Ishii H , Tanaka T , Uchiyama Y , Ichikawa K , Ikemi Y 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyse trends of childhood unintentional injury death, hospitalisations and practice visits rate among aged 0–14 year olds in Japan.MethodMortality data of unintentional injuries and the patient survey provided by vital statistics of Japan was used.ResultsUnder 1 year old, the mortality of unintentional injury death changed from 44.9 per 100 000 populations in 1984 to 13.2 in 2008. The rate for hospitalisations changed from 404 per 100 000 in 1984 to 441 in 2008. The rate for practice visits changed from 27000 per 100 000 in 1984 to 26800 in 2008. Among 1–4 year olds, injury death changed from 20.3 to 3.8. Hospitalisations rate changed from 552 to 423. Practice visits rate changed from 44 400 to 42 850. Among 5–9 year olds, unintentional injury death changed from 9.3 to 2.2. Hospitalisations rate changed from 642 to 397. Practice visits rate changed from 30 700 to 35 600. Among 10–14 year olds, unintentional injury death changed from 5.4 to 1.9. Hospitalisations rate changed from 662 to 505. Practice visits rate changed from 35 500 to 48 000.ConclusionsMortality of unintentional injury rate decreased over 25 years from 1984 to 2008, but practice visits rate was remained high under 1 and 1–4 year olds, and increased among 5–9 and 10–14 year olds.
Frequency of falls, fear of falling and subsequent activity restriction: influence of the fact of filling in a questionnaire alone or with the help of a third person
Authors: da Costa E Mendes , Ingenbleek A , Bantuelle M , Van Bastelaer M C , Leveque A 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionFalls frequently affect older persons and can cause fear of falling and subsequent activity restriction. Among older people, the help of another person is sometimes necessary to complete questionnaires. The effect of this assistance on the collected information can raise questions. We study the effect of completing a questionnaire with or without the help of someone on the frequency of falls, fear of falling and subsequent activity restriction.MethodCross-sectional survey; self-administered questionnaire; Fontaine l'Eveque (Belgium); 2006; persons aged 65 years and over non-institutionalised; 2812 questionnaires sent.ResultsOf the 501 received and eligible questionnaires, 82 were completed with the help of someone. In bivariate analysis, having fallen within the past year, being afraid of falling and having restricted activities were more often reported by people who did not answer alone. Among persons aged 65–74 and 75–84 years old, the association between completing the questionnaire with help and having fallen was not significant when considering simultaneously the fact of living alone and the sex. When taking into account simultaneously the age, the sex, living alone and having fallen, having completed the questionnaire with help was not significantly associated with fear of falling but it was with activity restriction.ConclusionThe fact that someone has helped to complete a questionnaire is important to know and can influence the frequency of certain outcomes. Some distribution differences do not persist in our survey when considering other variables, variables which are thus important to take into account.
Interpersonal inmate violence in French prisons: results of the TARTARE survey
Authors: Miras A , Encrenaz G , Contrand B , Pujos S , Galera C , Michel G , Lagarde E 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesTo describe physical inmate violence in prisons and to determine factors associated with it (being victim and being perpetrator).MethodsAll Inmates of a prison for prisoners awaiting trial (Bordeaux, France) were eligible for this cross-sectional study. 375 inmates have been face-to-face interviewed by an experienced psychologist. Socio-demographic data, imprisonment conditions, health status and healthcare utilisation, mental health, impulsivity, aggressiveness, interpersonal violence (victim and perpetrator status) and suicidal behaviours were documented.ResultsOf them, 24 % were victim of physical violence at least once a month and 10% perpetrated physical violence at least once a month. Being victim of physical violence was associated with perpetrating it (adjusted OR=2.4), suffering from anxiety or depression (adjusted OR=4.0), having attempted suicide during imprisonment (adjusted OR=5.3), being widow, divorced or separated (adjusted OR=3.4), suffering from sleep disturbance (adjusted OR=2.1) and practicing indoor sports (adjusted OR=1.9). Those who had two friends or more in the prison were less likely to be victim of physical violence (adjusted OR=0.5). Perpetrating physical violence was associated with using drugs (adjusted OR=4.4), practicing indoor sports (adjusted OR=2.6), being between 18 and 25 year old (adjusted OR=4.0) and being incarcerated for more than 24 months.DiscussionThese results could help to improve violence screening in prisons. However, all data were self-reported but have been improved using data recorded by the prison administration when they were available.
Violence observatory, strengths, weaknesses and results, Popayan an example of teamwork
Authors: Saldarriaga A F H , Salcedo M , Martinez M I Gutierrez 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionNew trends in communication have challenged the way researchers analyse and prevent different forms of violence and make decisions on social problems such as violent deaths, robberies and great impact crime.ObjectiveTo use new methodologies for decision making based on analysis of statistics aimed at the reduction and control of violent deaths, robberies and great impact crime.MethodologyAnalysis of data using protocols, intersectoral working methodologies and tools that are the most appropriate technological solutions not only to this point but for the future. These tools include Internet, geo-referencing and real time statistics that are useful for opportune decision making to confront this public health problematic.ResultsToday developments, based on web technologies, allow the gathering of data from different institutions involved to be analysed, visualised and geo-referenced, having actualised information for the different surveillance system as the one build in Popayan, among others, that has allowed a better substrate for the development of prevention strategies and the promotion of a safer environment, count on the backing of experts for analysis and decision making, showing reductions in the rates over time.ConclusionsObservatories take advantage of technology and use it to create solutions to community problems, and thus allow decision makers to develop solutions with the help of intersectoral work.
Helmet-use and incidence of crash injuries among pillion passengers in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Ohajinwa C M , Sangowawa A O , Omotade O O 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThis study assessed helmet use and motorcycle crash injuries (MCI) incidence among pillion passengers in Nigeria.MethodologyThis cross-sectional study conducted in 2009 adopted a multi-stage random sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to obtain information from 122 respondents. Observed helmet use among the passengers was also documented.ResultsRespondents mean age was 28.87.96 years, majority (51.6%)were females, 57.9% were single. About 60% of respondents frequently rode on commercial motorcycles. About 77% of the passengers reported never using helmet, and none of them was observed wearing a helmet while riding. Reasons for non use of helmet among passengers were non-availability of helmets (34.4%), fear of being hypnotised and kidnapped for nefarious purposes (20.5%) and 25.4% did not like it. Forty-seven percent of respondents had ever been involved in a motorcycle crash and about 20% had been involved in a crash in the year of the study. In 83% of the crashes, the rider was carrying more than one passenger. In 58.7% of instances, the passenger sustained injury to the leg, 26.1% involved the hand and 6.5% affected the head. Majority (75%) of the injuries were bruises.ConclusionObserved helmet use among the passengers was nil. There was also a high incidence of motorcycle crashes and subsequent injuries. Enhanced awareness on the importance of helmet use, ensuring the availability of standard helmet and enforcement of the helmet law are needed to address these concerns.
A study on comprehensive evaluation methods of the quality of injury surveillance based on Chinese hospital
Authors: Li L , Liu X , Yang J , Yu M 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesInjury is an important public health problem, and injury surveillance is the first and important step of injury prevention, so evaluation of its quality is crucial. Our aim is to find one suitable, convenient comprehensive evaluation method so as to understand the quality of injury surveillance based on hospital, and to improve the data of injury surveillance, thereby to provide scientific proves to government formulating preventive strategies.MethodsTo conduct an investigation of injury surveillances impacting quality factors according to the unified method for the selected hospital and injury patients, and the influencing factors of injury surveillance quality were evaluated by technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), rank sum ratio (RSR), close-value method, self-organisation neural network, grey relational analysis (GRA) and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Compared these results with actual quality, we found the suitable, convenient, comprehensive evaluation method. After verified in three other hospitals, the evaluation method will be adjusted and optimised.ResultsThe correlation between the result of GRA and actual quality is significant (r=0.750, p=0.020), also the correlation between actual quality and WHO evaluation results (r=0.767, p=0.016). There were no significant correlation between other methods and actual quality. After verified, the three leading orders of actual results are similar with GRA results. The correlation coefficient is 0.883 (p=0.002).ConclusionGRA is suitable for evaluating the quality of injury surveillance system, and can evaluate the quality with convenience and fast, so as to improve the quality of data, and provide scientific proves to injury prevention.
Effect of first aid education on first aid knowledge and skills of drivers employed by the University of Ibadan
Authors: Sangowawa A 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveThis paper presents findings on the effect a first aid training on first aid knowledge and skills of university drivers.MethodsQuasi-experimental study was conducted among 176 drivers allocated into intervention (98) and control groups (78) using a cluster sampling technique. The intervention comprised a 2-day training on first aid for accident victims and a training on HIV/AIDS and the workplace for control drivers. First aid knowledge and skills were measured at baseline and immediately post-intervention. First aid knowledge was assessed using a multiple-item questionnaire and aggregate scores computed giving minimum and maximum obtainable scores of 0 and 25. The drivers participated in simulated accident scenarios during which their first aid skills were assessed and scored giving minimum and maximum obtainable scores of 0 and 24 respectively.ResultsThe mean age of respondents from the intervention group was 51.75.8 years compared to 50.65.8 years among controls(p = 0.236). Median first aid knowledge scores before and after the intervention were 12 (5 20) and 15 (8 23) (p<0.001) for intervention and 12 (7 19) and 14 (5 18) for control drivers (p>0.05). Median first aid skills scores were 11 (2 15) and 15 (7 20) (p<0.001) for intervention drivers and 9 (2 18) and 8 (1 16) (p > 0.05) for controls.ConclusionThe intervention resulted in meaningful improvement in first aid knowledge and skills of the intervention drivers. It is recommended that they be given first aid training to enable them provide this service to crash victims.
Next steps for road safety: findings from the European status report on road safety
Authors: Zambon F , Sethi D , Kuznetsova R , Racioppi F 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionIn 2008 the World Health Organization undertook a global survey to assess the road safety situation in all Member States.Aims and MethodsTo assess the status of road safety in the WHO European Region and provide a baseline assessment of how far countries have come in implementing the recommendations of the World report on road traffic injury prevention. The survey used a standardised questionnaire administered to multisectoral respondents.Results49 out of 53 States belonging to the WHO European Region took part in the survey, representing 99% of the population. In the Region, road crashes result annually in 120 000 deaths, 2.4 million injuries and a great economic burden. Vulnerable road users such as pedestrians, cyclists and users of motorised two-wheelers constitute 50 000 (or 39%) of all road traffic injury fatalities, with pedestrians being twice at risk in the eastern part of the Region compared to the western. Countries differ greatly in mortalities for road traffic injuries; the average in low- and middle-income countries is twice that in high-income countries.ConclusionsDespite the dramatic achievements in some countries, safety on the roads still remains critical in certain areas of the Region. The following actions are proposed: narrow the gap between countries with the lowest and highest mortalities; provide better protection for vulnerable road users; develop a well resourced multisectoral road safety strategy in each country; design and enforce comprehensive legislation and develop and implement healthier transport policies.
Child restraints a cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude and practice of traffic police in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Grivna M , Al-Shamsi H , Al-Hammadi A , Al-Obthani M , Al-Ali M , Al-Senani A , El-Sadig M , Bernsen R , Barss P 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionTraffic mortality in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is high; 2000–2006 incidence was reported as 10.1 per 100 000 person years for 0- to 4-year-olds and 7.8 for 5- to 14-year-olds. A 2004 study found only 4% of front-seated children and 1% in the rear restrained. Current legislation does not mandate child restraints (CRs); even for adults enforcement is limited. Since traffic police should be capable of supporting and enforcing regulations protecting children, their knowledge and attitudes toward CRs were assessed.MethodsA January to February 2008 cross-sectional survey in Al A in city included visiting each police station during shift changeover using self-administered questionnaires on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, perceptions and attitudes about CR.ResultsThe final sample included 260 traffic police (response 70%), 56% UAE citizens and 62% aged 25–34 years. For children <12-years-old, 94% felt rear seating was safest, although 3% chose the drivers lap. Misconceptions were greater respecting age-appropriate CRs, with 50% choosing booster seats as safest for infants, 48% rear-facing seats for 1- to 4-year-olds, and 50% rear-facing seats for 4- to 8-year-olds. CRs were felt necessary for front occupants among 86% and rear 87%. Traditional views on causality of crashes were prevalent; 93% cited destiny as a factor, 17% evil eye and 15% jinns.ConclusionDespite generally positive attitudes towards CRs, knowledge on age-appropriate types was limited and traditional views on causality prevalent. Education of police should include preventability of child injury and age-appropriate CRs.