bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social, attitudinal and behavioural correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption among Cypriot adolescents
Authors: Loucaides Constantinos A , Jago Russell , Theophanous Maria 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and correlates of fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in Cypriot adolescents.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe Republic of Cyprus.SubjectsA total of 1966 adolescents with a mean age of 14·7 (sd2·2) years from nine elementary (n448), six middle (n657), five high (n475) and five technical/vocational schools (n386) in Cyprus. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing FV consumption using a two-item screening measure and a number of social, attitudinal and behavioural correlates of FV consumption.ResultsOverall, 19·3 % of adolescents reported consuming five or more portions of FV daily, with elementary and middle school students more likely to meet recommendations (23·8 % and 24·4 %, respectively) compared with high and technical/vocational school students (14·0 % and 12·5 %, respectively). Consuming five or more portions of FV was associated with preference for FV (OR = 2·2), family eating patterns (OR = 1·5), friends’ FV consumption (OR = 1·2) and school support for FV consumption (OR = 0·8). Consuming at least one portion of fruit daily was significantly associated with preference for FV (OR = 2·0) and family eating patterns (OR = 1·7). Consuming at least one portion of vegetables daily was associated with preference for FV (OR = 4·2) and eating while watching television (OR = 0·8).ConclusionsTargeting individual and family-based components may enhance the effectiveness of intervention programmes to promote FV consumption.
Choosing front-of-package food labelling nutritional criteria: how smart were ‘Smart Choices’?
Authors: Roberto Christina A , Bragg Marie A , Livingston Kara A , Harris Jennifer L , Thompson Jackie M , Seamans Marissa J , Brownell Kelly D 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe ‘Smart Choices’ programme was an industry-driven, front-of-package (FOP) nutritional labelling system introduced in the USA in August 2009, ostensibly to help consumers select healthier options during food shopping. Its nutritional criteria were developed by members of the food industry in collaboration with nutrition and public health experts and government officials. The aim of the present study was to test the extent to which products labelled as ‘Smart Choices’ could be classified as healthy choices on the basis of the Nutrient Profile Model (NPM), a non-industry-developed, validated nutritional standard.DesignA total of 100 packaged products that qualified for a ‘Smart Choices’ designation were sampled from eight food and beverage categories. All products were evaluated using the NPM method.ResultsIn all, 64 % of the products deemed ‘Smart Choices’ did not meet the NPM standard for a healthy product. Within each ‘Smart Choices’ category, 0 % of condiments, 8·70 % of fats and oils, 15·63 % of cereals and 31·58 % of snacks and sweets met NPM thresholds. All sampled soups, beverages, desserts and grains deemed ‘Smart Choices’ were considered healthy according to the NPM standard.ConclusionsThe ‘Smart Choices’ programme is an example of industries’ attempts at self-regulation. More than 60 % of foods that received the ‘Smart Choices’ label did not meet standard nutritional criteria for a ‘healthy’ food choice, suggesting that industries’ involvement in designing labelling systems should be scrutinized. The NPM system may be a good option as the basis for establishing FOP labelling criteria, although more comparisons with other systems are needed.
Constructing ABC summary statistics: semi-automatic ABC
Authors: Fearnhead Paul , Prangle Dennis 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTo analyze complex datasets efficiently, ABC algorithms require well-chosen low dimensional summary statistics of the data. We present a method to construct appropriate summary statistics for ABC in a semi-automatic manner. Previous attempts at this have been based around constructing statistics that are sufficient (or approximately sufficient). However, in most real applications it is difficult to know if low-dimensional sufficient statistics exist, or how to approximate them if they do. We take an alternative approach of aiming for summary statistics which will enable inference about certain parameters of interest to be as accurate as possible. This talk describes our method, the underpinning theory, and promising empirical results on a range of applications.
ABC SMC for parameter estimation and model selection with applications in systems biology
Authors: Toni Tina 
Published: May 2011

AbstractApproximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) methods can be used in situations where the evaluation of the likelihood is computationally prohibitive. They are thus ideally suited for analyzing the complex dynamical models encountered in systems biology, where knowledge of the full (approximate) posterior is often essential.This talk gives an overview of an ABC algorithm based on Sequential Monte Carlo (ABC SMC). Different uses of the algorithm will be presented, depending on the application question of interest. The first is the general parameter estimation framework, where the interest lies in estimating the posterior parameter distribution from available experimental data. In the second context we ask whether the model can reproduce a desired qualitative or semi-quantitative behavior, and what dynamic behaviors the system can achieve. The third context discussed here for use of the ABC SMC algorithm is that of model selection. Here we ask which of the models (i.e. model topologies) from a pool of proposed candidate models represents the most suitable hypothesis about the biological system of interest.The focus of the presentation is applications of ABC SMC to questions from systems biology. ABC SMC is applied to a variety of biological models, including stochastic and deterministic descriptions of eukaryotic signaling pathways and prokaryotic stress response pathways. In particular, the algorithm is employed to understand understand the qualitative behavior of the phage shock protein response in bacteria Escherichia coli, and the model selection algorithm is applied to distinguish between differential equation models of MAP kinase phosphorylation dynamics and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.
Precise Atomic Structures of two Important Molecules in Biochemistry:
Authors: Heyrovska Raji , Narayan Saraswathi , Atchison Lakshmi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis work celebrates the “International Year of Chemistry – 2011”, by providing “for the first time”, the structures at the atomic level of two important molecules, namely, ascorbic acid and aspirin. Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, was discovered as a cure for scurvy which claimed many human lives and hence got its name. It is also supposed to be an antioxidant and to prevent flu. Aspirin is synthesized from salicylic acid and is widely used as a remedy for flu and has other medical uses such as saving the lives of cardiac patients as an anticoagulant of blood. The biochemistry and chemistry of both these compounds have been evolving for nearly a century ever since their discoveries. Here, the atomic structures of these compounds have been presented where the known lengths of the various chemical bonds are exact sums of the appropriate radii of the adjacent atoms.
On the complexity of the relations of isomorphism and bi-embeddability
Authors: Ros Luca 
Published: May 2011

Given an

L

ω
1

ω

\mathcal {L}_{\omega _1\omega }

-elementary class

C

\mathcal {C}

, that is, the collection of the countable models of some

L

ω
1

ω

\mathcal {L}_{\omega _1 \omega }

-sentence, denote by

≅

C

\cong _{\mathcal {C}}

and

≡

C

\equiv _{\mathcal {C}}

the analytic equivalence relations of, respectively, isomorphisms and bi-embeddability on

C

\mathcal {C}

. Generalizing some questions of A. Louveau and C. Rosendal, in a paper by S. Friedman and L. Motto Ros they proposed the problem of determining which pairs of analytic equivalence relations

(
E
,
F
)

(E,F)

can be realized (up to Borel bireducibility) as pairs of the form

(

≅

C

,

≡

C

)

(\cong _{\mathcal {C}}, \equiv _{\mathcal {C}})

,

C

\mathcal {C}

some

L

ω
1

ω

\mathcal {L}_{\omega _1\omega }

-elementary class (together with a partial answer for some specific cases). Here we will provide an almost complete solution to such a problem: under very mild conditions on

E
E

and

F
F

, it is always possible to find such an

L

ω
1

ω

\mathcal {L}_{\omega _1\omega }

-elementary class

C

\mathcal {C}

.
Lattice Boltzmann simulations of bubble formation in a microfluidic T-junction
Authors: Amaya-Bower Luz , Lee Taehun 
Published: May 2011

A lattice Boltzmann equation method based on the Cahn–Hilliard diffuse interface theory is developed to investigate the bubble formation process in a microchannel with T-junction mixing geometry. The bubble formation process has different regimes, namely, squeezing, dripping and jetting regimes, which correspond to the primary forces acting on the system. Transition from regime to regime is generally dictated by the capillary number
Ca
, volumetric flow ratio
Q
and viscosity ratio
λ
. A systematic analysis is performed to evaluate these effects. The computations are performed in the range of 10
−4
<
Ca
<1, 1<
Q
<20 and 10
−2
<
λ
<1, with the equilibrium contact angle varying from 30
°
to 150
°
.
Comparison of the i‐gel and the LMA‐Unique laryngeal mask airway in patients with mild to moderate obesity during elective short‐term surgery
Authors: Weber U. , Oguz R. , Potura L. A. , Kimberger O. , Kober A. , Tschernko E. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThe aim of our study was to compare leakage pressure, ease and time of insertion of the i‐gel and the LMA‐Unique laryngeal mask airway in patients with mild to moderate obesity during elective short‐term surgery. In this prospective, randomised crossover trial, we included patients with a body mass index (BMI) > 25 and < 35 kg.m−2, and , age > 18 years, undergoing elective surgery in the supine position with an expected duration of surgery < 2 h. Leakage pressures, insertion difficulty, time and number of insertion attempts were evaluated. We included 50 patients consisting of 29 mildly (BMI > 25 and < 30 kg.mg−2) and 21 moderately (BMI > 30 and < 35 kg.mg−2) obese patients. Mean (SD) leakage pressures were 23.7 (9.2) cmH2O (i‐gel) and 17.4 (7.0) cmH2O (LMA‐Unique) (p < 0.01). Subgroup analyses showed leakage pressures of 22.2 (9.4) cmH2O (i‐gel) and 17.5 (7.5) cmH2O (LMA‐Unique) (p = 0.013) in the mild subgroup, and 25.7 (8.6) cmH2O (i‐gel) and 17.0 (6.2) cmH2O (LMA‐Unique) (p < 0.01), in the moderate subgroup. Insertion of the i‐gel was associated with significantly higher leakage pressures compared with the LMA‐Unique in mildly and moderately obese patients.
A national survey of prevention of infection in obstetric central neuraxial blockade in the UK
Authors: McKenzie A. G. , Darragh K. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryWe conducted a postal survey of all consultant‐led UK obstetric anaesthetic units in August 2009, to assess the standard of aseptic technique used for neuraxial blocks. One hundred and sixty‐four units responded giving a response rate of 76%; 93% of units (149/160) follow recommended precautions and attach a bacterial micropore filter to the epidural catheter. Epidural top‐ups are provided by 72% (116/162) of units, with about two thirds using premixed solutions (of local anaesthetic with opioid) in a variety of ways: 51% (57/111) via a continuous infusion pump; 47% (52/111) by a prefilled syringe; and 23% (25/111) by multiple use of a premixed bag of solution. For spinals, 91% of units (149/164) add diamorphine: of these 85% (126/149) draw the diamorphine from non‐sterile‐wrapped ampoules. If required to draw opioid from a non‐sterile‐wrapped ampoule, 86% (119/138) of units use a micropore filter and 21% (29/138) wipe the ampoule neck with an alcohol swab. Although sepsis secondary to neuraxial block in obstetric practice is uncommon (declared by 8.5% of units over an unspecified period of time), there is scope for further improvement.
Evaluation of M43B Lumbar puncture simulator‐II as a training tool for identification of the epidural space and lumbar puncture*
Authors: Uppal V. , Kearns R. J. , McGrady E. M. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThe identification of the epidural space, insertion of an epidural catheter and lumbar puncture are advanced technical skills that can be challenging to teach to novice anaesthetists. The M43B Lumbar puncture simulator‐II (Limbs & Things Ltd., Sussex Street, Bristol, UK) is a teaching aid designed for epidural and spinal insertion. The aim of this study was to determine if experienced anaesthetists thought this simulator may be a useful tool for training novice anaesthetists in these procedures. Experienced anaesthetists performed an epidural insertion followed by a lumbar puncture procedure on the simulator model. Various aspects of both epidural and lumbar puncture insertions were scored by the anaesthetists for likeness to a real patient using a Likert scale (0 ‐ strongly disagree; 1 ‐ disagree; 2 ‐ neither agree nor disagree; 3 ‐ agree; 4 ‐ strongly agree). The simulator was found to be life‐like for most aspects of epidural insertion. Median (IQR [range]) scores were: iliac crests 3.0 (3.0–3.2 [3–4]); spinous processes 3.0 (3.0–3.2 [2–4]); skin puncture 3.0 (3.0–3.0 [1–4]); subcutaneous tissues 3.0 (2.7–3.0 [1–4]); and loss of resistance 3.0 (3.0–4.0 [3–4]). The scores for supraspinous ligament 2.0 (1.0–3.0 [0–3]), interspinous ligament 2.5 (1.7–3.0 [0–3]) and ligamentum flavum 2.0 (1.0–3.0 [0–4]) were borderline for life‐likeness. The volunteers found threading of the epidural catheter difficult and rated it unlike a real patient (score 1.0 (0.2–2.0 [0–3])). During lumbar puncture, dural puncture scored 3.0 (3.0–4.0 [2–4]) and intrathecal injection scored 2.5 (1.0–3.0 [1–4]). However, the overall impression was that the simulator could be a useful tool for training of both epidurals (score 3.0 (3.0–4.0 [3–4])) and spinals (score 3.0 (3.0–3.5 [2–4])).
Parents report better health‐related quality of life for their food‐allergic children than children themselves
Authors: van der Velde J. L. , Flokstra‐de Blok B. M. J. , DunnGalvin A. , Hourihane J. O'B. , Duiverman E. J. , Dubois A. E. J. 
Published: May 2011

Summary
Background Food allergy affects 5–6% of children and impairs health‐related quality of life (HRQL). Children and parents may differ in their views concerning the child's HRQL. In food allergy, child‐ and parent‐proxy‐reported HRQL have never been compared using valid disease‐specific instruments.
Objective The aim of this study was to compare child‐ and parent‐proxy reports on HRQL in food‐allergic children (8–12 years).
Methods The Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire‐Child Form (FAQLQ‐CF), and ‐Parent Form (FAQLQ‐PF) and the Food Allergy Independent Measure‐Child Form and ‐Parent Form (FAIM‐CF and ‐PF) were completed by Dutch food‐allergic child–parent pairs. Child‐ and parent‐proxy reports were correlated and tested for significant differences. Construct validity (Spearman's correlation coefficient between the FAQLQs and FAIMs) and internal consistency (Cronbach's α) were assessed and compared.
Results Seventy‐four child–parent pairs were included. The FAQLQ‐CF score was significantly higher than the FAQLQ‐PF score (3.74 vs. 2.68, P<0.001, where 1 indicates no impairment and 7 indicates extreme impairment). FAIM‐CF and ‐PF scores were almost identical (3.29 vs. 3.33, P=0.594). There was moderate agreement between the FAQLQ‐CF and ‐PF scores (ICC=0.57 [P<0.001]) and good agreement between the FAIM‐CF and ‐PF scores (ICC=0.80 [P<0.001]). Construct validity was confirmed for the FAQLQ‐CF (ρ=0.60, P<0.001) and ‐PF (ρ=0.58, P<0.001). Internal consistency was excellent for the FAQLQ‐CF (α=0.95) and ‐PF (α=0.95).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Parents reported significantly less impact of food allergy on the child's HRQL than children themselves, while reported perceptions of disease severity were nearly identical. This may reflect real differences in perspectives between children and parents and may indicate that parents tend to underestimate their child's HRQL impairment.It is important for clinicians to include both the child's and their parent's perceptions in order to perform a complete assessment of the impact of food allergy on the child's HRQL and to identify areas of disagreement that need special attention in clinical practice.
Cite this as: J. L. van der Velde, B. M. J. Flokstra‐de Blok, A. DunnGalvin, J. O'B. Hourihane, E. J. Duiverman and A. E. J. Dubois, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1431–1439.
Harnessing engineered antibodies of the IgE class to combat malignancy: initial assessment of FcɛRI‐mediated basophil activation by a tumour‐specific IgE antibody to evaluate the risk of type I hypersensitivity
Authors: Rudman S. M. , Josephs D. H. , Cambrook H. , Karagiannis P. , Gilbert A. E. , Dodev T. , Hunt J. , Koers A. , Montes A. , Taams L. , Canevari S. , Figini M. , Blower P. J. , Beavil A. J. , Nicodemus C. F. , Corrigan C. , Kaye S. B. , Nestle F. O. , Gould H. J. , Spicer J. F. , Karagiannis S. N. 
Published: May 2011

Summary
Background IgE antibodies, sequestered into tissues and retained locally by the high‐affinity IgE receptor, FcɛRI, on powerful effector cells such as mast cells, macrophages and eosinophils, may offer improvements in the therapy of solid tumours. The chimeric antibody, MOv18 IgE, against the human ovarian carcinoma antigen, folate receptor α (FRα), is more effective than its IgG1 counterpart in xenograft models of ovarian cancer. Although MOv18 IgE binds to a single epitope on FRα and cannot cross‐link IgE receptors on basophils, there remains a risk that components in the circulation of ovarian cancer patients might cross‐link FRα‐MOv18‐IgE‐receptor‐FcɛRI complexes on basophils to cause type I hypersensitivity.
Objective To assess the propensity for MOv18 used in a therapeutic setting to cause FcɛRI‐mediated type I hypersensitivity.
Methods As validated readouts of the potential for MOv18 to cause FcɛRI‐mediated type I hypersensitivity we measured release of a granule‐stored mediator from a rat basophilic leukaemia cell line RBL SX‐38 stably transfected with human tetrameric (αβγ2) FcɛRI, and induction of CD63 on blood basophils from patients with ovarian carcinoma and healthy controls ex vivo.
Results Serum FRα levels were increased in ovarian cancer patients compared with healthy controls. MOv18 IgE alone, or in the presence of its antigen recombinant human FRα, or of healthy volunteer (n=14) or ovarian carcinoma patient (n=32) sera, did not induce RBL SX‐38 cell degranulation. Exposure to FRα‐expressing ovarian tumour cells at target‐to‐effector ratios expected within tumours induced degranulation. MOv18 IgE did not induce expression of CD63 in blood basophils from either healthy volunteers (n=6), or cancer patients, despite detectable levels of circulating FRα (n=5).
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance These encouraging data are compatible with the hypothesis that, when ovarian carcinoma patients are treated with MOv18, FcɛRI‐mediated activation of effector cells occurs within the tumour mass but not in the circulation mandating, with due caution, further pre‐clinical studies.
Cite this as: S. M. Rudman, D. H. Josephs, H. Cambrook, P. Karagiannis, A. E. Gilbert, T. Dodev, J. Hunt, A. Koers, A. Montes, L. Taams, S. Canevari, M. Figini, P. J. Blower, A. J. Beavil, C. F. Nicodemus, C. Corrigan, S. B. Kaye, F. O. Nestle, H. J. Gould, J. F. Spicer and S. N. Karagiannis, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1400–1413.
Fertility preservation in girls and young women
Authors: Anderson Richard A. , Wallace W. Hamish B. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThere is increasing interest and experience in the options available to preserve fertility in those about to undergo potentially gonadotoxic chemotherapy or radiation therapy, usually related to treatment for cancer. Recent years have seen the development of methods for prepubertal girls, female adolescents and adult women, although these remain less established than sperm cryopreservation for men. At present, the options for prepubertal boys remain experimental. Embryo cryopreservation following ovarian stimulation and IVF is a routine procedure technically and its success in the management of infertility is established. However, there are no data on uptake or success rates in the context of fertility preservation in women with cancer. Oocyte cryopreservation is technically challenging and requires ovarian stimulation, thus potentially resulting in a delay in cancer treatment. Oocyte vitrification offers increased success rates in comparison with slow freezing; however, this approach is also limited by the number of oocytes that can be obtained. The third possibility, ovarian tissue cryopreservation, can be performed without significant delay and is the only option for prepubertal girls. Worldwide, a small number of children have been born following reimplantation of frozen/thawed ovarian tissue. It is clear that fertility preservation is important for some girls and young women facing treatments that will compromise their fertility, but the availability of all approaches varies widely. Effective approaches for prepubertal boys are also required.
Visfatin in juvenile obesity – the effect of obesity intervention and sex
Authors: Krzystek‐Korpacka Malgorzata , Patryn Eliza , Bednarz‐Misa Iwona , Hotowy Katarzyna , Noczynska Anna 
Published: May 2011

Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41 (12): 1284–1291AbstractBackground  The association of visfatin, an adipocytokine relevant to the development of inflammation and metabolic disorders, with juvenile obesity needs to be re‐established as previously used tests occurred to be nonspecific.Objective  To evaluate visfatin association with a metabolic profile of 88 overweight/obese and 26 lean children/adolescents as well as changes in its levels following weight reduction programme (diet + enhanced physical activity ± metformin).Design  A case–control and cohort study.Results  Visfatin was higher in obese than lean and overweight individuals (2·07 vs. 1·53 and 1·47 ng mL−1, P = 0·034). Of metabolic syndrome components, central obesity combined with either insulin resistance (IR) or hyperinsulinemia (HI) was associated with increases in circulating visfatin. In girls, visfatin correlated with leptin (r = 0·40, P = 0·009) and thiols (r = −0·36, P = 0·009), which explained 24% in visfatin variability. In boys, visfatin correlated with waist circumference (r = 0·36, P = 0·036), BMI% (r = 0·38, P = 0·025), whole body insulin sensitivity index (r = −0·36, P = 0·036), IL‐6 (r = 0·38, P = 0·024) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (r = 0·52, P = 0·001), of which IL‐6 and TBARS were independent predictors of visfatin elevation, explaining 42% in data variability. Visfatin was significantly lower following weight reduction programme than at baseline (1·43 vs. 1·83 ng mL−1, P = 0·033). Visfatin reduction correlated neither with changes in metabolic parameters nor was it affected by metformin. ΔVisfatin correlated exclusively with baseline visfatin (r = 0·612, P < 0·0001), which explained 38% in data variability.Conclusions  Central obesity combined with HI/IR contributes to visfatin elevation. Visfatin association with metabolic/biochemical variables is gender dependent. Diet + enhanced physical activity are effective in visfatin reduction, the degree of which depends on baseline visfatin.