bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of implementing an effective farrowing accommodation hygiene routine on clinical cases of disease, medication usage, and growth in suckling and weaned pigs
Authors: Halpin Keely M , Lawlor Peadar G , Arnaud Elisa A , Teixé-Roig Júlia , O’ Doherty John V , Sweeney Torres , O’ Brien Triona M , Gardiner Gillian E 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe few studies that have evaluated hygiene routines in farrowing accommodation to date have focused on pathogen elimination from pens, with little attention paid to pig growth and no information provided on pig health or medication usage. This study aimed to determine if implementation of an optimized farrowing accommodation hygiene routine could improve pig health and growth and reduce medication usage pre- and post-weaning (PW). Forty seven sows were blocked on parity, previous litter size and body weight and assigned to two treatments: T1) Basic hygiene: cold water washing only with minimal drying time; T2) Optimized hygiene: use of detergent and a chlorocresol-based disinfectant with a 6-d drying time. Total bacterial counts (TBC), Enterobacteriaceae counts and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) swabs were obtained from different areas within the farrowing pens. Pig growth and medication usage were monitored from birth to slaughter and carcass data were obtained at slaughter. On entry of sows to the farrowing pens, TBC and Enterobacteriaceae counts and ATP concentrations were lower on pen surfaces subjected to the optimized compared to the basic hygiene routine (P &lt; 0.05). Pre-weaning diarrhea prevalence was lower in pigs born into optimal compared to basic hygiene pens (0 vs. 22%; P &lt; 0.001). The number of clinical cases of disease and injections administered to piglets per litter was 75% and 79% less for the optimized compared to the basic hygiene routine, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). This led to reductions of 77% (P &lt; 0.001) and 75% (P &lt; 0.01), respectively in the volume of antibiotics and anti-inflammatories administered per litter in the optimized hygiene group. Pigs from the optimized hygiene treatment were also heavier at weaning (P &lt; 0.01) and their average daily gain (ADG) was higher from day 21 to weaning and days 22 to 49 PW (P &lt; 0.05). However, these growth improvements did not carry through to the finisher period. In conclusion, implementation of an optimized hygiene routine reduced the bacterial load in farrowing pens, leading to a reduction in diarrhea and clinical cases of disease and therefore, medication usage, in suckling pigs. Pig growth was also improved during the suckling and early PW periods. Based on the results, an easily implementable farrowing room hygiene protocol with demonstrable benefits for pig health, growth, and welfare can be provided to farmers.
Effect of Keloid Properties on Treatment Efficacy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bekkers Vazula , Barsoum Paul , Yin Qi , Niessen Frank , van Zuijlen Paul , Lapid Oren , van Doorn Martijn , Wolkerstorfer Albert 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
The efficacy of keloid treatment in randomized studies is highly variable. However, no systematic review has been performed to evaluate the effect of different keloid properties on treatment efficacy.

OBJECTIVE
To identify clinically relevant keloid properties that may influence treatment efficacy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic database search was conducted. Two reviewers independently selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and performed a methodologic quality assessment using the Cochrane risk-of-bias 2.0 tool.

RESULTS
One thousand five hundred twenty studies were screened, and 16 RCTs, involving 1,113 patients, were included. The authors found lower efficacy in older keloids (n = 3), keloids located on the chest, extremities, pinna, and shoulder (n = 3), larger keloids (n = 2), lower baseline Vancouver Scar Scale score (n = 1), and keloids with history of recurrence (n = 1). Overall, most studies had a high risk of bias.

CONCLUSION
Only a minority of studies specifically addressed keloid properties, which makes comparisons between studies challenging. The authors' results suggest that keloid location, duration prior to treatment, size, history of recurrence, and severity are clinically relevant keloid properties that affect treatment efficacy. Further studies are crucial to corroborate the authors' findings, establish a clinically relevant keloid classification, and ultimately develop an evidence-based treatment algorithm that takes these properties into account.
Association of Arterial Carbon Dioxide Tension Following In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With Survival and Favorable Neurologic Outcome
Authors: Millet Natalie , Parnia Sam , Genchanok Yevgeniy , Parikh Puja B. , Hou Wei , Patel Jignesh K. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) continues to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to study the association of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) on survival to discharge and favorable neurologic outcomes in adults with IHCA.

Methods:
The study population included 353 adults who underwent resuscitation from 2011 to 2019 for IHCA at an academic tertiary care medical center with arterial blood gas testing done within 24 hours of arrest. Outcomes of interest included survival to discharge and favorable neurologic outcome, defined as Glasgow outcome score of 4–5.

Results:
Of the 353 patients studied, PaCO2 classification included: hypocapnia (PaCO2 <35 mm Hg, n = 89), normocapnia (PaCO2 35–45 mm Hg, n = 151), and hypercapnia (PaCO2 >45 mm Hg, n = 113). Hypercapnic patients were further divided into mild (45 mm Hg < PaCO2 ≤55 mm Hg, n = 62) and moderate/severe hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 55 mm Hg, n = 51). Patients with normocapnia had the highest rates of survival to hospital discharge (52.3% vs. 32.6% vs. 30.1%, P < 0.001) and favorable neurologic outcome (35.8% vs. 25.8% vs. 17.9%, P = 0.005) compared those with hypocapnia and hypercapnia respectively. In multivariable analysis, compared to normocapnia, hypocapnia [odds ratio (OR), 2.06; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–3.70] and hypercapnia (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.53–4.66) were both found to be independently associated with higher rates of in-hospital mortality. Compared to normocapnia, while mild hypercapnia (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.29–4.97) and moderate/severe hypercapnia (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.35–6.06) were both independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality compared to normocapnia, moderate/severe hypercapnia was also independently associated with lower rates of favorable neurologic outcome (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11–0.73), while mild hypercapnia was not.

Conclusions:
In this prospective registry of adults with IHCA, hypercapnia noted within 24 hours after arrest was independently associated with lower rates of survival to discharge and favorable neurologic outcome.
Characterizing Adaptive Changes and Patient Survival After 2018 Donor Allocation Restructuring: A UNOS Database Analysis
Authors: Miyamoto Takuma , Pritting Christopher David , Tatum Rob , Ahmad Danial , Brailovsky Yevgeniy , Shah Mahek K. , Rajapreyar Indranee , Rame J. Eduardo , Alvarez Rene J. , Entwistle John W. , Massey Howard Todd , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
We sought to characterize adaptive changes to the revised United Network for Organ Sharing donor heart allocation policy and estimate long-term survival trends for heart transplant (HTx) recipients.

Methods:
Patients listed for HTx between October 17, 2013 and September 30, 2021 were identified from the United Network for Organ Sharing database, and stratified into pre- and postpolicy revision groups. Subanalyses were performed to examine trends in device utilization for extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO), durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD), intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), microaxial support (Impella), and no mechanical circulatory support (non-MCS). Survival data post-HTx were fitted to parametric distributions and extrapolated to 5 years.

Results:
We identified 27,523 HTx waitlist candidates during the study period, most of whom (n = 16,376) were waitlisted in the prepolicy change period. Overall, 19,554 patients underwent HTx during the study period (pre: 12,037 and post: 7517). Listings increased after the policy change for ECMO (P < 0.01), Impella (P < 0.01), and IABP (P < 0.01) patients. Listings for LVAD (P < 0.01) and non-MCS (P < 0.01) patients decreased. HTx increased for ECMO (P < 0.01), Impella (P < 0.01), and IABP (P < 0.01) patients after the policy change and decreased for LVAD (P < 0.01) and non-MCS (P < 0.01) patients. Waitlist survival increased for the overall (P < 0.01), ECMO (P < 0.01), IABP (P < 0.01), and non-MCS (P < 0.01) groups. Waitlist survival did not differ for the LVAD (P = 0.8) and Impella (P = 0.1) groups. Post-transplant survival decreased for the overall (P < 0.01), LVAD (P < 0.01), and non-MCS (P < 0.01) populations.

Conclusions:
Allocation policy revisions have contributed to greater utilization of ECMO, Impella, and IABP, decreased utilization of LVADs and non-MCS, increased waitlist survival, and decreased post-HTx survival.
Determinants of Mortality in COVID-19–Associated Opportunistic Fungal Infections
Authors: Rewri Parveen , Pandey Surya Mani , Singal Rohit , Khatri Ritika , Bishnoi Mamta 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
COVID-19–associated mucormycosis (CAM) affected over 50,000 people during the second wave of the pandemic in India. Epidemiological aspects of CAM were reported, but there is a lack of published literature on mortality and its determinants in CAM and other fungal infections. The present study investigated patterns and determinants of mortality in these patients.

Methods
The retrospective study reviewed case records of 390 patients, with at least 1 year of follow-up, for information related to demographics, epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory investigations, and treatment. The association between categorical variables was studied using the chi-square test of independence and logistic regression between 2 groups of those who survived and those who died during hospitalization or after discharge.

Results
A total of 157 (40%) patients did not survive; of these, 112 (29%) died during hospitalization and 45 (11%) had postdischarge mortality. The risk of mortality was associated with higher age, use of corticosteroids (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.87–2.16), visual acuity <3/60 at presentation, palate involvement, and abnormal levels of white blood cells and red blood cells.

Conclusions
The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and microbiological parameters may be predictors of mortality in patients of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis.
Effectiveness and safety of a novel crosslinked hyaluronate canalicular gel occlusive device for dry eye
Authors: Packer Mark , Lindstrom Richard , Thompson Vance , Parekh Jai G. , Gupta Preeya , Nijm Lisa M. , Donnenfeld Eric 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a crosslinked hyaluronate (HA) canalicular filler (Lacrifill Canalicular Gel) compared with a commercially available hydrogel canalicular plug (Form Fit).

Setting:
5 sites in the United States.

Design:
Prospective, multicenter, controlled, double-masked, randomized 2:1 (filler:plug).

Methods:
Adults (≥22 years) with the Schirmer test (with anesthesia) ≤10 mm/5 minutes, presence of corneal staining, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) of ≥23 with ≤3 responses of “not applicable,” patent lacrimal drainage system, and bilateral corrected distance visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Filler or plugs were instilled bilaterally in the inferior canaliculi. Primary effectiveness endpoint was noninferiority of the mean within subject change from baseline to month 3 in Schirmer score for patients receiving filler compared with plugs. The key secondary effectiveness endpoint was noninferiority of the proportion of patients with filler achieving improvement from baseline to month 3 in OSDI by a minimal clinically important difference. Additional endpoints included the mean change from baseline to 3 and 6 months in tear meniscus height, OSDI, corneal staining, tear breakup time, and safety.

Results:
157 patients were randomized; 99 patients with crosslinked HA filler and 52 patients with hydrogel plugs completed the study. Filler was noninferior to plugs in the mean Schirmer score change from baseline and in the proportion of patients achieving a clinically important improvement in OSDI.

Conclusions:
Crosslinked HA filler is a safe, well-tolerated, and effective method to treat dry eye. Clinically and statistically significant improvements in signs and symptoms of dry eye were sustained through 6 months.
The enteroendocrine axis and its effect on gastrointestinal function, nutrition, and inflammation
Authors: Philpott Jordan D. , Rodriguez Hovnanian K. Marco , Stefater-Richards Margaret , Mehta Nilesh M. , Martinez Enid E. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction limits enteral nutrition (EN) delivery in critical illness and contributes to systemic inflammation. The enteroendocrine (EE) axis plays an integral role in this interface between nutrition, inflammation, and GI function in critical illness. In this review, we present an overview of the EE system with a focus on its role in GI inflammation and function.

Recent findings
Enteroendocrine cells have been primarily described in their role in macronutrient digestion and absorption. Recent research has expanded on the diverse functions of EE cells including their ability to sense microbial peptides and metabolites and regulate immune function and inflammation. Therefore, EE cells may be both affected by and contribute to many pathophysiologic states and interventions of critical illness such as dysbiosis, inflammation, and alternative EN strategies. In this review, we present an overview of EE cells including their growing role in nonnutrient functions and integrate this understanding into relevant aspects of critical illness with a focus on EN.

Summary
The EE system is key in maintaining GI homeostasis in critical illness, and how it is impacted and contributes to outcomes in the setting of dysbiosis, inflammation and different feeding strategies in critical illness should be considered.
Education and Age in Return to Work After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Rosendahl Eva , Carlson Nicholas , Kragholm Kristian , Butt Jawad H. , Fosbøl Emil L. , Gislason Gunnar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Christiansen Christine Benn 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
To investigate return to work and workforce detachment in ischemic stroke, including the association with age and level of education.

Methods:
Patients in the workforce aged 18 to 60 with first-time ischemic stroke between 1997 and 2017 were identified in Danish registers and followed for 5 years. The cumulative incidence of return to work and subsequent workforce detachment was computed overall and stratified according to age group and education level. Cox regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis.

Results:
A total of 28,325 patients were included (median age 52.3 (interquartile range (IQR) 46.1 to 56.6) and 64.3% male). After 1 year, 62.0% were in the workforce, highest in age group 18 to 30 (80.0%) and lowest in patients aged 51 to 60 (58.5%). One-year cumulative incidence of return to work overall was 73.4% (20,475), highest in the young age group (87.0%, 76.7%, 74.5%, and 71.3% for age group 18 to 30, 31 to 40, 41 to 50, and 51 to 60, respectively) and high education (80.3%, 72.1%, and 71.3% for long higher, basic or vocational education, respectively). One-year cumulative incidence of subsequent workforce detachment was 25.6% (5248), lowest in young age (22.4%, 23.1%, 24.1%, and 27.2% for age groups 18 to 30, 31 to 40, 41 to 50, and 51 to 60, respectively) and high level of education (13.0%, 28.4%, and 27.2% for long higher, basic, and vocational education, respectively). During the full follow-up, 10,855 (53.0%) left the workforce again.

Conclusions:
A high proportion of patients returned to work within 1 year, but more than half left the workforce again. Young age and long education were associated with a higher incidence of return to work and lower subsequent workforce detachment.
Gene therapies for CMT neuropathies: from the bench to the clinic
Authors: Stavrou Marina , Kleopa Kleopas A. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathies are rare, genetically heterogeneous and progressive diseases for which there are no approved treatments and their management remains mostly supportive and symptomatic. This review is intended to provide an update on recent developments in gene therapies for different CMT neuropathies.

Recent findings
Increasing knowledge of disease pathomechanisms underlying several CMT types has facilitated the development of promising viral and nonviral gene therapy approaches. Some of these therapies are currently approaching the crucial step of moving from the bench to the clinic, having passed the proof-of-concept stage in rodent models and some also in larger animals. However, questions of optimal delivery route and dose, off-target effects, and possible payload toxicity remain to be clarified for several of these approaches. Furthermore, limited resources, the rarity of most CMT subtypes, and issues of safety and regulatory requirements, create the need for consensus guidelines and optimal clinical trial design.

Summary
Promising gene therapies have been developed for several CMT neuropathies, with proof-of-principle demonstrated in relevant disease models. Advantages and drawbacks of each approach are discussed and remaining challenges are highlighted. Furthermore, we suggest important parameters that should be considered in order to successfully translate them into the clinic.
<xhtml:span xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">Comparative analysis of virulence gene profiles of&#160;Escherichia coli&#160;from human and non-human sources&#160;in Rivers State, Nigeria
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Authors: Abeni Barira Azeez , Frank-Peterside Nnenna , Otokunefor Kome 
Published: June 2024

Traditionally, the presence of virulence features have been thought to be a key factor in differentiating pathogenic from commensal strains. An understanding of virulence potential of Escherichia coli isolates from various sources is essential to help shed light on potential contamination/transmission rates between the various sources. This study was therefore aimed at exploring the occurrence of specific virulence genes and gene profiles associated with Escherichia coli from human and non-human sources in Rivers State, Nigeria.
Two hundred samples from human (urine and feces) and non-human (soil and poultry droppings) sources (50 each) were analyzed using standard microbiological procedures. DNA was extracted from isolates presumptively identified as Escherichia coli using PrestoTM Mini gDNA Bacteria-Kit Quick protocol following the manufacturer’s instructions. Isolate identities were confirmed using E. coli specific 16S rRNA primers and confirmed isolates screened for the presence of six virulence genes (Afimbriae binding adhesin (afa), type 1 fimbriae (fimH), P-fimbrial Usher Protein (papC)), iron acquisition systems: aerobactin (aer), Cytotoxic necrotizing factor I (cnf1) and alpha hemolysin (hly).
Results showed that all isolates haboured at least one of the tested virulence genes, with fimH (97%) as the most prevalent virulence gene and papC the least commonly occurring (35%). A higher occurrence of virulence genes was noted in non-human isolates though hly and cnf were not detected at all in any of the isolates studied (0%). Ten different profiles were observed with the afaCc-aer-fimH profile the most commonly occurring virulence gene profile in general (33.3%). For non-human isolates however, the aer-afaCc-fimH-papC was the most commonly occurring profile (42.9%).
This study shows that the test Escherichia coli from human and non-human sources do not carry distinct virulence gene profiles. Studies on a larger subset of isolates would however be necessary to determine if indeed the virulence genes tested for in this study really cannot be used to tell whether an isolate is from a human source or not in the South-South of Nigeria.
Incorporating Microbial Pilin-Based Nanowires into a Water-Stable Electronic Polymer Composite
Authors: Sonawane Jayesh M. , Chia Eric , Ueki Toshiyuki , Greener Jesse , Nonnenmann Stephen S. , Yao Jun , Lovley Derek R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrically conductive protein nanowires (e-PNs), microbially produced from a pilin monomer, are a novel, sustainable electronic material that can be genetically tailored for specific functions. e-PNs, expressed withEscherichia coligrown on the biodiesel byproduct glycerol, and mixed with polyvinyl butyral yielded a transparent, electrically conductive water-stable composite.Composite conductivity was adjusted by modifying the e-PN concentration or incorporating e-PNs genetically tuned for different conductivities. Electronic devices in which composites were the sensor component differentially responded to dissolved ammonia over a wide concentration range (1µM-1M). Genetically modifying e-PNs to display an ammonia-binding peptide on their outer surface increased the sensor response to ammonia 10-fold. These results, coupled with the flexibility to design peptides for specific binding of diverse analytes, demonstrate that sustainably produced e-PNs offer the possibility of incorporating multiple sensor components, each specifically designed to detect different analytes with high sensitivity and selectivity, within one small sensor device.
15-Lipoxygenase-Mediated Lipid Peroxidation Regulates LRRK2 Kinase Activity
Authors: Keeney Matthew T. , Hoffman Eric K. , Weir Julie , Wagner Weston G. , Rocha Emily M. , Castro Sandra , Farmer Kyle , Fazzari Marco , Di Maio Roberto , Konradi Andrei , Hastings Teresa G. , Pintchovski Sean A. , Shrader William D. , Greenamyre J. Timothy 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTMutations inleucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)that increase its kinase activity are strongly linked to genetic forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the regulation of endogenous wild-type (WT) LRRK2 kinase activity remains poorly understood, despite its frequent elevation in idiopathic PD (iPD) patients. Various stressors such as mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal dyshomeostasis, or vesicle trafficking deficits can activate WT LRRK2 kinase, but the specific molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. We found that the production of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a lipid hydroperoxidation end-product, is a common biochemical response to these diverse stimuli. 4-HNE forms post-translational adducts with Cys2024 and Cys2025 in the kinase activation loop of WT LRRK2, significantly increasing its kinase activity. Additionally, we discovered that the 4-HNE responsible for regulating LRRK2 is generated by the action of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO), making 15-LO an upstream regulator of the pathogenic hyperactivation of LRRK2 kinase activity. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of 15-LO prevents 4-HNE post-translational modification of LRRK2 kinase and its subsequent pathogenic hyperactivation. Therefore, 15-LO inhibitors, or methods to lower 4-HNE levels, or the targeting of Cys2024/2025 could provide new therapeutic strategies to modulate LRRK2 kinase activity and treat PD.