bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic devices for electrokinetic sample fractionation
Authors: Wang Zhen , Taylor Justine , Jemere Abebaw B. , Harrison D. Jed 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe present three generations of microchip‐based “in‐space” sample fractionators and collectors for use in proteomics. The basic chip design consisted of a single channel for CE separation of analytes that then intersects a fractionation zone feed into multiple high aspect ratio microchannels for fractionation of separated components. Achievements of each generation are discussed in relation to important design criteria. CE‐separated samples were electrokinetically driven to multiple collection channels in sequence without cross‐contamination under the protection of sheath streams. A 36‐channel fractionator demonstrated the efficacy of a high‐throughput fractionator with no observed cross‐contamination. A mixture of IgG and BSA was used to test the efficiency of the fractionator and collector. CE of the fractionated samples was performed on the same device to verify their purity. Our demonstration proved to be efficient and reproducible in obtaining non‐contaminated samples over 15 sample injections. Experimental results were found to be in close agreement with PSpice simulation in terms of flow behavior, contamination control and device performance. The design presented here has a great potential to be integrated in proteomic platforms.
A rapid and reliable bonding process for microchip electrophoresis fabricated in glass substrates
Authors: Segato Thiago Pinotti , Coltro Wendell Karlos Tomazelli , de Jesus Almeida André Luiz , de Oliveira Piazetta Maria Helena , Gobbi Angelo Luiz , Mazo Luiz Henrique , Carrilho Emanuel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this report, we describe a rapid and reliable process to bond channels fabricated in glass substrates. Glass channels were fabricated by photolithography and wet chemical etching. The resulting channels were bonded against another glass plate containing a 50‐μm thick PDMS layer. This same PDMS layer was also used to provide the electrical insulation of planar electrodes to carry out capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. The analytical performance of the proposed device was shown by using both LIF and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection systems. Efficiency around 47 000 plates/m was achieved with good chip‐to‐chip repeatability and satisfactory long‐term stability of EOF. The RSD for the EOF measured in three different devices was ca. 7%. For a chip‐to‐chip comparison, the RSD values for migration time, electrophoretic current and peak area were below 10%. With the proposed approach, a single chip can be fabricated in less than 30 min including patterning, etching and sealing steps. This fabrication process is faster and easier than the thermal bonding process. Besides, the proposed method does not require high temperatures and provides excellent day‐to‐day and device‐to‐device repeatability.
Analysis of amphetamine‐type substances by capillary zone electrophoresis using capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Epple Rochelle , Blanes Lucas , Beavis Alison , Roux Claude , Doble Philip 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) was employed for the separation and detection of seven amphetamine analogues as well as amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine. The separation electrolyte was 30 mM hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HPβCD) in a 75 mM acetic acid+25 mM sodium acetate buffer adjusted to pH 4.55. Conductivity detection was compared with UV detection using this same electrolyte. Average detection limits for C4D and UV were 1.3 and 1.0 ppm, respectively. The effects of HPβCD concentration and BGE composition on the selectivity of the separation were also investigated. An illicit, street‐grade sample of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy) and a prescription dextroamphetamine tablet were also analysed.
Advanced biosorbents materials for removal of chromium from water and wastewaters
Authors: Sahmoune Mohamed Nasser , Louhab Krim , Boukhiar Aissa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAs we known, it is very expensive and ineffective to remove chromium ions from wastewaters using conventional methods when the chromium concentration is low (1–100 mg L−1). Thus, it is very necessary to develop alternative technologies now. A biosorption technology in which dead biomass is used to accumulate chromium is a method that can replace conventional processes for remediating chromium pollution in wastewaters. Biosorbents are prepared from naturally abundant and/or waste biomass. Because of the high uptake capacity and very cost‐effective source of the raw material, biosorption is a progression toward a perspective method. An overview of advanced biosorbents for the removal of chromium is reported with special emphasis on the recent investigations on biosorption of chromium in water and wastewater. © American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011.
Into geothermal solutions: The sustainability case for Challenge Stadium in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Oldmeadow Edward , Marinova Dora 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGeothermal energy sources have long been known, but new applications based on innovative technologies with greater efficiency of low temperature resources are starting to emerge. The article outlines the application of a low temperature geothermal resource for Challenge Stadium in Perth, Western Australia, an award winning engineering solution by Parsons Brinckerhoff (PB) as a case for sustainability. Key benefits from Challenge Geothermal include: (1) reduced consumption of fossil‐based fuel; (2) cost savings; (3) water supply and water infrastructure development for a local school; (4) enhanced sustainability profile for the sports and recreation facility. For cities situated in geothermally‐rich environments, the greatest potential benefit from this type of project is the promotion of sustainability principles. Projects such as Challenge Geothermal can be seen as sustainable as they are ecologically friendly and support locally appropriate technological solutions whilst benefiting the community and economy of the city. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011.
Topographic changes of a supply‐limited inland parabolic sand dune during the incipient phase of stabilization
Authors: Hugenholtz Chris H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTopographic surveys on an inland parabolic sand dune over a six‐year period provide insight into the effects of diminishing local sand supply on dune stabilization. During the interval (2003–2009) sparse vegetation cover (Psoralea lanceolata) increased despite drier than normal moisture conditions and steady wind power during the growing season. Whereas these climatic conditions are typically ascribed to sustaining or increasing dune activity, here they coincide with stabilization. Through the use of geographic information system (GIS) analysis of volumetric changes it is shown that the increase of P. lanceolata can be attributed to the reduction of local sand supply from two blowouts along the arms of the parabolic dune during the six‐year period. These results show that climate is not the only control on dune activity in vegetated inland dunefields. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical modelling of rainfall‐ and snowmelt‐induced erosion of stony slope underlain by permafrost
Authors: Vedie E. , Lagarde J.‐L. , Font M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhysical modelling experiments have been carried out in a cold room to test on a small scale, the effects of water supply during the thaw of an experimental slope with permafrost. Permafrost was maintained at depth and a thin active layer was frozen and thawed from the surface. Data from the experiments relate to two different conditions, first with moderate rainfall, and second with heavy rainfall during the thaw period.When moderate rainfall is applied during thaw phases, the experimental slope is slightly degraded. At the scale of the experiment, erosion processes involve frost jacking of the coarse blocks, frost creep and gelifluction that induce slow and gradual down slope displacements of the active layer, but also small landslides leading to large but slow mass movements with short displacements. Changes in experimental slope morphology are marked by the initiation of a small‐scale drainage network and the development of a little crest line which shows a progressive upslope migration. With such boundary conditions, there is not enough water supply to evacuate downslope the whole of the eroded material and a topographic smoothing is observed.When heavy rainfall is applied during thaw periods, rapid mass wasting (small mud‐flows and debris flows) become prominent. Slope failures are largely controlled by the water saturation of the active layer and by the occurrence of steeper slopes. At the scale of the experiment, rates of erosion and maximum incision increase by about 100% leading to significant slope degradation with marked and specific scars comparable to gullying. These morphological changes are dependant on both the size and the frequency of catastrophic events. These experiments provide detailed data that could improve the knowledge of the physical parameters that control the initiation, at a small‐scale, of erosion processes on periglacial slopes with a thin active layer and/or with thin cover of mobilizable slope deposits. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile components of Teucrium massiliense L. – identification of 6‐methyl‐3‐heptyl acetate as a new natural product
Authors: Djabou Nassim , Paolini Julien , Desjobert Jean‐Marie , Allali Hocine , Baldovini Nicolas , Costa Jean , Muselli Alain 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVolatile components extracted from the aerial parts and separated organs of Corsican and Sardinian Teucrium massiliense have been studied. The chemical composition of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) has been investigated using GC–RI, GC–MS (EI and CI modes) and 13CNMR spectroscopy. For the first time, a real concentration via calibration curves and response factor calculations has been determined for each oil component. The concentrations of the major components were 6‐methyl‐3‐heptyl acetate (23.83–18.16 g/100 g), 3‐octyl acetate (10.55–6.95 g/100 g), isobutyl isovalerate (7.67–2.91 g/100 g), germacrene D (6.13–1.01 g/100 g) and linalool (6.63–5.23 g/100 g). To the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of 6‐methyl‐3‐heptyl acetate as a natural product is reported for the first time. Furthermore, the chemical composition of volatile fractions emitted from the aerial parts and separated organs of T. massiliense L. has been studied by HS–SPME/GC–RI and GC–MS after optimization of SPME parameters. Concerning the contribution of plant organs to the aromatic plant fingerprint, we noted that the flowers produced more volatiles than other organs. The volatile fractions obtained from the different organs were qualitatively quite similar to each other but differed in the percentages of their major components. Also, the influence of HS–SPME extraction parameters (equilibrium and extraction times and temperature) on the chemical composition of the plant volatile fraction is discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Influence of Conductive Additives and Inter‐Particle Voids in Carbon EDLC Electrodes
Authors: Pandolfo A. G. , Wilson G. J. , Huynh T. D. , Hollenkamp A. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThrough the interpretation of porosity and intrusion data, and correlation to the electrochemical response, this study has confirmed that are not only carbon blacks (CBs) very effective in improving the electrical connectivity of a carbon electrode coating, but they also significantly modify the porosity of the electrode coating and thereby also influence ionic diffusion. CBs are more effective conductive fillers than graphites in EDLC electrodes. The highly branched structure of CBs allows multiple electrical contact points and results in a lower electrode electronic resistance. CBs can decrease inter‐particle porosity (both volume and size) and introduce additional porosity that is characteristic of the type of carbon employed. It is observed that electrode coatings prepared from a carbon slurry have a highly macroporous structure and that electrolyte accessibility to individual activated carbon particles is unlikely to be the limiting factor to accessing capacitance. Electrochemical testing has confirmed the strong relationship between bulk electrode resistance and the accessibility of capacitance at different rates.
Laterite nodules: A credible source of iron ore in iron age northeast Thailand?
Authors: Cawte Hayden James , Boyd William E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe advent of iron metallurgy changed the course of prehistoric Thailand. There is, however, little information on the nature of iron production and the extent to which locally abundant and easily quarried lateritic iron may have been the ore source. For northeast Thailand archaeological sites, the presence of both iron slag and laterite iron nodules within and surrounding these sites has widely been assumed to represent localized smelting using locally sourced iron ore. This interpretation is, however, based on untested laterite‐equals‐ore and slag‐equals‐smelting equations. This paper tests these assumptions by examining the chemistry of the lateritic iron nodules from two archaeological sites. At one site, the laterite is not a credible ore source and iron working probably comprised only smithing. Local laterite at the other site may be a usable ore. We conclude that, in northeast Thailand, the use of local laterite as an ore source cannot be assumed and that presence of both laterite and slag is not necessarily evidence for prehistoric smelting. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identifying and linking source areas of flow and P transport in dairy‐grazed headwater catchments, North Island, New Zealand
Authors: Müller K. , Srinivasan M. S. , Trolove M. , McDowell R. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe examined the applicability of the critical‐source area (CSA) concept to the dairy‐grazed 192‐ha Upper Toenepi catchment and its 8·7‐ha Kiwitahi sub‐catchment, New Zealand. We evaluated if phosphorus (P) transport from land into stream is dominated by saturation‐excess (SE) and infiltration‐excess (IE) runoff during stormflow and by sub‐surface (<1·5 m depth) flows during baseflow. We measured stream flow and shallow groundwater levels, collected monthly stream, tile drain (TDA) and groundwater samples, and flow‐proportional stream samples from the Kiwitahi sub‐catchment, and determined their dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations. In the Kiwitahi sub‐catchment, during storm events, IE contributions were significant. Contributions from SE appeared significant in the Upper Toenepi catchment. However, in both catchments, sub‐surface contributions dominated stormflow and baseflow periods. Absence of water table at the surface and the water table gradient towards the stream indicated that P transport during events was not limited to surface runoff. The dynamics of the groundwater table and the occurrence of SE areas were influenced by proximity to the stream and hillslope positions. Baseflow accounted for 42% of the annual flow in the Kiwitahi sub‐catchment, and contributed 37 and 52% to the DRP and TP loads, respectively. The P transport during baseflow appeared equally important as P losses from CSAs during stormflow. The close resemblance in P levels between groundwater and stream samples during baseflow demonstrates the importance of shallow groundwater for stream flow. In the Upper Toenepi catchment, contributions from effluent ponds (EFFs) dominated P loads. Management strategies should focus on controlling P release from EFFs, and on decreasing Olsen P concentrations in soil to minimize leaching of P via sub‐surface flow to streams. Research is needed to quantify the role of sub‐surface flow as well as to expand management strategies to minimize P transfers during stormflow and baseflow conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Importin subunit alpha‐2 is identified as a potential biomarker for non‐small cell lung cancer by integration of the cancer cell secretome and tissue transcriptome
Authors: Wang Chun‐I. , Wang Chih‐Liang , Wang Chih‐Wei , Chen Chi‐De , Wu Chih‐Ching , Liang Ying , Tsai Ying‐Huang , Chang Yu‐Sun , Yu Jau‐Song , Yu Chia‐Jung 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe cancer cell secretome may contain potentially useful biomarkers. In this study, we integrated the profiles of secreted proteins in lung cancer cell lines with mRNA expression levels from pulmonary adenocarcinoma tissue, with a view to identify effective biomarkers for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Among the novel candidates isolated, importin subunit alpha‐2 (also known as karyopherin subunit alpha [KPNA]‐2), was selected for further validation. Immunohistochemical staining revealed overexpression of KPNA2 in the nuclei of tumor cells, compared with adjacent normal cells. A sandwich ELISA assay developed to detect KPNA2 levels in serum samples showed significantly higher serum KPNA2 in NSCLC patients than in healthy controls. A combination of serum KPNA2 and carcinoembryonic antigen displayed higher diagnostic capacity than either marker alone. Importantly, protein levels of KPNA2 in pleural effusion from NSCLC patients were also significantly higher than those from non‐lung cancer. Moreover, knockdown of KPNA2 inhibited the migration ability and viability of lung cancer cells. Our results collectively suggest that integration of the cancer cell secretome and transcriptome datasets provides an efficient means of identifying novel biomarkers for NSCLC, such as KPNA2.
Down‐regulation of Notch‐1 is associated with Akt and FoxM1 in inducing cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Li Yiwei , Ahmad Aamir , Banerjee Sanjeev , Azmi Asfar S. , Kong Dejuan , Wojewoda Christine , Miele Lucio , Sarkar Fazlul H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlthough many studies have been done to uncover the mechanisms by which down‐regulation of Notch‐1 exerts its anti‐tumor activity against a variety of human malignancies, the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the cellular consequence of Notch‐1 down‐regulation and also assessed the molecular consequence of Notch‐1‐mediated alterations of its downstream targets on cell viability and apoptosis in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. We found that the down‐regulation of Notch‐1 led to the inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis, which was mechanistically linked with down‐regulation of Akt and FoxM1, suggesting for the first time that Akt and FoxM1 are downstream targets of Notch‐1 signaling. Moreover, we found that a “natural agent” (genistein) originally discovered from soybean could cause significant reduction in cell viability and induced apoptosis of PCa cells, which was consistent with down‐regulation of Notch‐1, Akt, and FoxM1. These results suggest that down‐regulation of Notch‐1 by novel agents could become a newer approach for the prevention of tumor progression and/or treatment, which is likely to be mediated via inactivation of Akt and FoxM1 signaling pathways in PCa. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 78–88, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Locating and labeling neural stem cells in the brain
Authors: Landgren Henrik , Curtis Maurice A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe phenomenon of adult neurogenesis has been demonstrated in most mammals including humans. At least two regions of the adult brain maintain stem cells throughout life; the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle wall. Both regions continuously produce neurons that mature and become integrated into functional networks that are involved in learning and memory and odor discrimination, respectively. Apart from these well‐studied regions neurogenesis has been reported in a number of other brain regions, such as amygdala and cortex. However, these studies have been contested and there is currently no well‐postulated function for non‐SVZ/SGZ neurogenesis. The studies of the regional localization of neurogenesis in the brain have been made possible due to several methods for detecting adult neurogenesis including; bromodeoxyuridine labeling (BrdU) together with markers of mature neurons, genetic labeling, by mouse transgenesis, or with the use of viral vectors. These techniques are already put to creative use and will be essential for the discovery of the nature of the adult neural stem cells. In this mini‐review, we will discuss the localization of neural stem/progenitor cells in the brain and their implications as well as discussing the pro's and con's of stem cell labeling techniques. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 1–7, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PKCε regulates contraction‐stimulated GLUT4 traffic in skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Niu Wenyan , Bilan Philip J. , Yu Junna , Gao Jing , Boguslavsky Shlomit , Schertzer Jonathan D. , Chu Guilan , Yao Zhi , Klip Amira 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe signaling pathways that stimulate glucose uptake in response to muscle contraction are not well defined. Recently, we showed that carbachol, an acetylcholine analog, stimulates contraction of C2C12 myotube cultures and the rapid arrival of myc‐epitope tagged GLUT4 glucose transporters at the cell surface. Here, we explore a role for protein kinase C (PKC) in regulating GLUT4 traffic. Cell surface carbachol‐induced GLUT4myc levels were partly inhibited by the conventional/novel PKC inhibitors GF‐109203X, Gö6983, and Ro‐31‐8425 but not by the conventional PKC inhibitor Gö6976. C2C12 myotubes expressed several novel isoforms of PKC mRNA with PKCδ and PKCε in greater abundance. Carbachol stimulated phosphorylation of PKC isoforms and translocation of PKCδ and PKCε to membranes within 5 min. However, only a peptidic inhibitor of PKCε translocation (myristoylated‐EAVSLKPT), but not one of PKCδ (myristoylated‐SFNSYELGSL), prevented the GLUT4myc response to carbachol. Significant participation of PKCε in the carbachol‐induced gain of GLUT4myc at the surface of C2C12 myotubes was further supported through siRNA‐mediated PKCε protein knockdown. These findings support a role for novel PKC isoforms, especially PKCε, in contraction‐stimulated GLUT4 traffic in muscle cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 173–180, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.