bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total-body imaging of mu-opioid receptors with [11C]carfentanil in non-human primates
Authors: Hsieh Chia-Ju , Hou Catherine , Lee Hsiaoju , Tomita Cosette , Schmitz Alexander , Plakas Konstantinos , Dubroff Jacob G. , Mach Robert H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Mu-opioid receptors (MORs) are widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral organs, and immune system. This study measured the whole body distribution of MORs in rhesus macaques using the MOR selective radioligand [11C]carfentanil ([11C]CFN) on the PennPET Explorer. Both baseline and blocking studies were conducted using either naloxone or GSK1521498 to measure the effect of the antagonists on MOR binding in both CNS and peripheral organs.

Methods
The PennPET Explorer was used for MOR total-body PET imaging in four rhesus macaques using [11C]CFN under baseline, naloxone pretreatment, and naloxone or GSK1521498 displacement conditions. Logan distribution volume ratio (DVR) was calculated by using a reference model to quantitate brain regions, and the standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were calculated for peripheral organs. The percent receptor occupancy (%RO) was calculated to establish the blocking effect of 0.14 mg/kg naloxone or GSK1521498.

Results
The %RO in MOR-abundant brain regions was 75–90% for naloxone and 72–84% for GSK1521498 in blocking studies. A higher than 90% of %RO were observed in cervical spinal cord for both naloxone and GSK1521498. It took approximately 4–6 min for naloxone or GSK1521498 to distribute to CNS and displace [11C]CFN from the MOR. A smaller effect was observed in heart wall in the naloxone and GSK1521498 blocking studies.

Conclusion
[11C]CFN total-body PET scans could be a useful approach for studying mechanism of action of MOR drugs used in the treatment of acute and chronic opioid use disorder and their effect on the biodistribution of synthetic opioids such as CFN. GSK1521498 could be a potential naloxone alternative to reverse opioid overdose.
Double hysteresis (P-E) loops in the transparent composite containing BaTiO3 at room temperature
Authors: Abdel-Khalek E. K. , Mohamed E. A. , Ismail Yasser A. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA transparent composite sample containing BaTiO3 was synthesized by using the melting quenching method. The presence of a glassy phase in this composite sample was detected through XRD analysis, and this was further confirmed by DSC study. TEM and SAED analyses provided evidence that the BaTiO3 nanoparticles/clusters are embedded within the borate glass matrix, establishing the composite nature of this sample. FTIR spectrum of the present sample revealed that the glass matrix is composed of two structural groups (BO3 with NBO’s, and BO4), along with the distinct groups for BaTiO3. XPS spectra of the present composite sample indicated the presence of more than one type of boron, barium, titanium and oxygen. DSC and dielectric studies of the present composite sample revealed the presence of the phase transition temperature (Tc). Dielectric constant (ɛr) and dielectric loss (tan δ) curves of the present composite sample displayed an anomaly peak in the vicinity of TC. The optical transmission spectrum of the present composite sample exhibit two transmission bands of Ti3+ (3d1) ions in tetragonal distorted sites. At room temperature, the present transparent composite sample exhibited double hysteresis loops for BaTiO3 at low electric fields. The results obtained can be used for the development of lead-free ferroelectric material.
Ruthenium sorption onto Fe3O4@MnO2: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study
Authors: Zuba Iga , Pawlukojć Andrzej 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCore–shell magnetic adsorbent Fe3O4@MnO2 was prepared and successfully used to ruthenium adsorption from aqueous solutions with 98% efficiency. The adsorption isotherms, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for Ru(III) sorption onto Fe3O4@MnO2 were studied via a batch adsorption system. Adsorption isotherm models such as: Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin were tested while the kinetic adsorption data were analyzed by pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and Weber-Morris models. It has been found that the adsorption process of Ru(III) onto Fe3O4@MnO2 can be describe by a Freundlich model whereas mechanism of sorption is presented better by kinetic Weber–Morris model. Freundlich adsorption isotherm constant is equal Kf = 30.62 mg/g and heterogenity factor n = 3.58. Sorption rate constant is k3 = 0.288 mg/(g·min1/2) and intraparticle diffusion rate constant C = 0.174 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters such as free Gibb’s energy change (ΔG°), enthalpy change (ΔH°), entropy change (ΔS°) and energy activation Ea were determined. Calculated value of activation energy is equal 25.75 kJ/mol. The adsorption process of Ru(III) was found to be both spontaneous and thermodynamically preferable.
Adaptation of state-of-the-art neural network architectures to interference fringe reduction in absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Röder Lenard L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractState-of-the-art neural network architectures in image classification and natural language processing were applied to interference fringe reduction in absorption spectroscopy by interpreting the data structure accordingly. A model was designed for temporal interpolation of background spectra and a different model was created for gas concentration fitting. The networks were trained on experimental data provided by a wavelength modulation spectroscopy instrument and the best performing architectures were analyzed further to evaluate generalization performance, robustness and transferability. A BERT-styled fitter achieved the best performance on the validation set and reduced the mean squared error of fitted amplitude by 99.5%. However, analysis of the de-noising behavior showed large biases. A U-Net styled convolutional neural network reduced the mean squared error of the interpolation by 93.2%. Evaluation on a test set provided evidence that the combination of model interpolation and linear fitting was robust and the detection limit was improved by 52.4%. Transferring the trained interpolator model to a different spectrometer setup showed no chaotic out-of-distribution effects. Additional fine-tuning further increased the performance. Neural network architectures cannot be generally applied to all absorption spectroscopy tasks. However, given the right task and the data representation, robust performance increase is achievable.
The impact of health care on outcomes of suspected testicular torsion: results from the GRAND study
Authors: Pyrgidis Nikolaos , Apfelbeck Maria , Stredele Regina , Rodler Severin , Kidess Marc , Volz Yannic , Weinhold Philipp , Stief Christian G. , Marcon Julian , Schulz Gerald B. , Chaloupka Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Suspicion of testicular torsion represents a urological emergency, necessitating immediate surgery. Comprehensive data on the current trends and perioperative outcomes regarding surgical exploration are sparse. Therefore, we utilized nationwide data on the prevalence and results of this surgery, aiming to provide evidence on this matter.

Methods
We assessed the GeRmAn Nationwide inpatient Data (GRAND) from 2005 to 2021, provided by the Research Data Center of the Federal Bureau of Statistics. We performed multiple regression analyses to evaluate the perioperative outcomes (length of hospital stay, transfusion, and surgical wound infection) after surgical exploration due to suspected testicular torsion based on both the outcome of surgery (orchiectomy, detorsion with preservation of the testicle, and no testicular torsion) and on the department of operation (urological versus non-urological).

Results
A total of 81,899 males underwent surgical exploration due to suspected testicular torsion in Germany from 2005 to 2021. Of them, 11,725 (14%) underwent orchiectomy, 30,765 (38%) detorsion with preservation of the testicle and subsequent orchidopexy, and 39,409 (48%) presented no testicular torsion. Orchiectomy was significantly associated with longer length of hospital stay (day difference of 1.4 days, 95%CI: 1.3–1.4, p < 0.001), higher odds of transfusion (1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.6, p = 0.002) and surgical wound infections (1.8, 95%CI: 1.4–2.3, p < 0.001) compared to no testicular torsion. The proportion of patients undergoing orchiectomy was significantly lower in urological departments (14%) versus non-urological departments (16%) and the proportion of patients undergoing preservation of testicle after detorsion was significantly higher in urological departments (38%) versus non-urological departments (37%), p < 0.001. Patients undergoing treatment in a urological department were discharged earlier and presented lower odds of transfusion and surgical wound infection (p < 0.001) compared to patients undergoing treatment in a non-urological department.

Conclusions
Nearly half of patients who underwent surgery for suspected testicular torsion did not have intraoperatively the condition confirmed. Patients treated in urological departments had significantly better perioperative outcomes compared to those treated in non-urological departments. Therefore, we advise to refer patients to urological treatment as early as possible.
High-resolution PIV measurement over wind-generated waves
Authors: Abu Rowin Wagih , Kevin  , Bhirawa Tunggul , Lee Will Junghoon , Philip Jimmy , Marusic Ivan , Monty Jason 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe interaction between wind and waves plays a significant role in the exchange of heat, aerosols and gases, thereby influencing our understanding of climate dynamics and air–sea interaction. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) has emerged as a valuable tool for investigating the intricate effects of small-scale waves on airflow characteristics in laboratory settings. However, previous PIV experiments have exhibited notable variability in spatial resolution, potentially affecting the accuracy of turbulence statistics, particularly in relation to small-scale waves such as capillary ripples. To systematically explore the impact of PIV spatial resolution on airflow characteristics over multi-scale wind-generated waves, we conducted high-resolution planar PIV experiments near the wave surface. We adjusted the spatial resolution of the results by modifying the spatial filter. Additionally, recognising the limitations of the high-resolution PIV system in terms of wall-normal and streamwise extent, we conducted larger field-of-view experiments to capture consecutive waveforms and achieve spatial averaging across the boundary layer. Consistent with existing literature, our findings illustrate the formation of a horizontal shear layer leading to airflow separation on the lee side of the wave, accompanied by a pronounced vorticity field and circulation region. Notably, analysis of the high-magnification dataset reveals localised airflow separation caused by small-scale capillary waves, phenomena not resolved by the large field-of-view set-up, underscoring the importance of adequate spatial resolution. Further analysis indicates that a spatial resolution larger than the size of the capillary waves leads to significant attenuation of the spanwise vorticity imposed by the small-scale waves. In this study, we also introduce a novel method relying to identify wave surfaces solely on PIV images, demonstrating its effectiveness in detecting capillary-scale waves.
Treatment of femoral neck fractures using actis stem: complication rate in 188 uncemented hemiarthroplasties
Authors: Leitner L. , Schitz F. , Sadoghi P. , Puchwein P. , Holinka J. , Leithner A. , Kalcher E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Cemented hemiarthroplasty (HA) is preferred in treating dislocated femoral neck fractures in elderly, osteoporotic patients, since uncemented HA was associated with mechanical complications more frequently. Cementation can conversely cause cardiopulmonary complications, leading to demand on safe, uncemented implants addressing osteoporosis. This study is set up as a retrospective feasibility study on the use of an uncemented, collared wedge implant (Actis®, DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, IN), for HA in elderly patients, focusing on complication rate.

Materials and methods
From 1,194 patients, treated with HA in two study centers between 2017–2022, 188 received Actis® uncemented stem with bipolar head. Complete follow-up were retrospectively collected in all patients.

Results
In 188 patients (f: 64.9%; age: 83.1 ± 7.7a) included, no case of intra-operative mortality was recorded. 2 day mortality was 1.1%, 30 day mortality was 7.4% and 1 year mortality was 28.2%. 2 (1.1%) intra-operative fractures did not receive surgical revision, 3 (1.6%) post-operative periprosthetic fractures caused separate admission and revision. 2 cases (1.1%) of early infection required surgical revision.

Conclusion
Our data provide proof of concept, that Actis® Stem allows an alternative, uncemented treatment option for displaced femoral neck fractures with HA. In case of preoperative or intraoperative medial cortical bone defects, stability of this implant is deteriorated.
Simultaneous but independent spatial associations for pitch and loudness
Authors: Koch Sarah , Schubert Torsten , Blankenberger Sven 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor the auditory dimensions loudness and pitch a vertical SARC effect (Spatial Association of Response Codes) exists: When responding to loud (high) tones, participants are faster with top-sided responses compared to bottom-sided responses and vice versa for soft (low) tones. These effects are typically explained by two different spatial representations for both dimensions with pitch being represented on a helix structure and loudness being represented as spatially associated magnitude. Prior studies show incoherent results with regard to the question whether two SARC effects can occur at the same time as well as whether SARC effects interact with each other. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the interrelation between the SARC effect for pitch and the SARC effect for loudness in a timbre discrimination task. Participants (N = 36) heard one tone per trial and had to decide whether the presented tone was a violin tone or an organ tone by pressing a top-sided or bottom-sided response key. Loudness and pitch were varied orthogonally. We tested the occurrence of SARC effects for pitch and loudness as well as their potential interaction by conducting a multiple linear regression with difference of reaction time (dRT) as dependent variable, and loudness and pitch as predictors. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses revealed that the regression coefficients of pitch and loudness were smaller than zero indicating the simultaneous occurrence of a SARC effects for both dimensions. In contrast, the interaction coefficient was not different from zero indicating an additive effect of both predictors.
A review on evaluating mental stress by deep learning using EEG signals
Authors: Badr Yara , Tariq Usman , Al-Shargie Fares , Babiloni Fabio , Al Mughairbi Fadwa , Al-Nashash Hasan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMental stress is a common problem that affects individuals all over the world. Stress reduces human functionality during routine work and may lead to severe health defects. Early detection of stress is important for preventing diseases and other negative health-related consequences of stress. Several neuroimaging techniques have been utilized to assess mental stress, however, due to its ease of use, robustness, and non-invasiveness, electroencephalography (EEG) is commonly used. This paper aims to fill a knowledge gap by reviewing the different EEG-related deep learning algorithms with a focus on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs) for the evaluation of mental stress. The review focuses on data representation, individual deep neural network model architectures, hybrid models, and results amongst others. The contributions of the paper address important issues such as data representation and model architectures. Out of all reviewed papers, 67% used CNN, 9% LSTM, and 24% hybrid models. Based on the reviewed literature, we found that dataset size and different representations contributed to the performance of the proposed networks. Raw EEG data produced classification accuracy around 62% while using spectral and topographical representation produced up to 88%. Nevertheless, the roles of generalizability across different deep learning models and individual differences remain key areas of inquiry. The review encourages the exploration of innovative avenues, such as EEG data image representations concurrently with graph convolutional neural networks (GCN), to mitigate the impact of inter-subject variability. This novel approach not only allows us to harmonize structural nuances within the data but also facilitates the integration of temporal dynamics, thereby enabling a more comprehensive assessment of mental stress levels.
Subchondral rafting wires reduce tibial plateau fracture subsidence
Authors: Patterson Joseph T. , Rusu Daniel , Duong Andrew M. , Satish Vivek , Yang Max , Mayer Lucas , Allen Michael , Marecek Geoffrey S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To determine if subchondral rafting wires retained as adjunctive tibial plateau fracture fixation affect postoperative articular subsidence.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at one Level 1 trauma center and one academic university hospital. Consecutive adults with closed, displaced OTA/AO 41B/C tibial plateau fractures treated between 2018 and 2023 with open reduction internal fixation were included. Patients who were not ambulatory, with contralateral injuries limiting weight bearing, and without follow-up radiographs of the injured extremity were excluded. The intervention was retention of subchondral rafting wires as definitive fixation. The primary outcome was linear articular surface subsidence between postoperative and follow-up AP knee radiographs. Linear subsidence was compared between groups using Welch’s two sample t test. Associations of linear subsidence with patient, injury, and treatment characteristics were assessed by multivariable linear regression.

Results
We identified 179 patients of a mean age of 44 ± 14 years, of whom 15 (8.4%) received subchondral rafting wires. Median follow-up was 121 days. No patients who received rafting wires as definitive implants experienced linear subsidence ≥ 2 mm, while 22 patients (13.4%) who did not receive rafting wires experienced linear subsidence ≥ 2 mm (p = 0.130). Subchondral rafting wires were associated with less linear subsidence (0.3 mm [95% confidence interval − 0.3–0.9 mm] vsersus 1.0 mm [− 0.9–2.9 mm], p < 0.001). The depth of linear subsidence was significantly associated on multivariable regression with male sex, depressed plateau area, active smoking, and retained rafting wires.

Conclusion
Subchondral rafting wires were associated with a small reduction in articular subsidence after internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures. Routine rafting wires may be useful for patients and fractures at high risk of articular subsidence.
Tinnitus: an underreported condition following microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm
Authors: Albakri Lina B. M. , Mennink Lilian M. , Tamasi Katalin , Drost Gea , van Dijk Pim , van Dijk J. Marc C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
While hearing loss is a well-known condition following microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS), tinnitus is an underreported one. This study aims to identify prevalence, characteristics, severity, and predictors of tinnitus following MVD for HFS.

Methods
A single-center cohort of 55 HFS patients completed a questionnaire approximately 5 years following MVD. Data encompassed tinnitus presence, side, type, onset, and severity measured by a 10-point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Descriptive, correlation, and logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Results
At surgery, participants’ median age was 58 years (IQR 52–65). The median duration of HFS symptoms before surgery was 5 years (IQR 3–8), slightly predominant on the left (60%). Postoperative tinnitus was reported by 20 patients (36%), versus nine (16%) that reported preoperative tinnitus. Postoperative tinnitus was ipsilateral on the surgical side in 13 patients (65%), bilateral in six (30%), and contralateral in one (5%). Among patients with bilateral postoperative tinnitus, 33% did not have this preoperatively. Tinnitus was continuous in 70% of cases and pulsatile in 30%. Onset of new tinnitus was in 58% immediately or within days, in 25% within three months, and in 17% between three months and one year after surgery. The mean severity of postoperative tinnitus was 5.1 points on the VAS. Preoperative tinnitus and presence of arachnoid adhesions had suggestive associations with postoperative tinnitus in initial analyses (p = 0.005 and p = 0.065). However, preoperative tinnitus was the only significant predictor of postoperative tinnitus (p = 0.011).

Conclusion
Tinnitus is a common condition following MVD for HFS, with a moderate overall severity. Causes behind postoperative tinnitus remain obscure but could be related to those of postoperative hearing loss in this patient population. Clinicians should be aware of tinnitus following MVD and vigilantly monitor its occurrence, to facilitate prevention efforts and optimize outcome for HFS patients undergoing MVD.
Spectroscopic, electrochemical, and kinetic trends in Fe(III)–thiolate disproportionation near physiologic pH
Authors: Ekanger Levi A. , Shah Ruhi K. , Porowski Matthew E. , Ziolkowski Zach , Calello Alana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn addition to its primary oxygen-atom-transfer function, cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO) exhibits a relatively understudied anaerobic disproportionation reaction (ADO-Fe(III)-SR → ADO-Fe(II) + ½ RSSR) with its native substrates. Inspired by ADO disproportionation reactivity, we employ [Fe(tacn)Cl3] (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane) as a precursor for generating Fe(III)–thiolate model complexes in buffered aqueous media. A series of Fe(III)–thiolate model complexes are generated in situ using aqueous [Fe(tacn)Cl3] and thiol-containing ligands cysteamine, penicillamine, mercaptopropionate, cysteine, cysteine methyl ester, N-acetylcysteine, and N-acetylcysteine methyl ester. We observe trends in UV–Vis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, disproportionation rate constants, and cathodic peak potentials as a function of thiol ligand. These trends will be useful in rationalizing substrate-dependent Fe(III)–thiolate disproportionation reactions in metalloenzymes.
Graphical abstract