bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Stable N‐H Oxaziridines – Synthesis and Reactivity
Authors: Blanc Sylvain , Bordogna Céline A. C. , Buckley Benjamin R. , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Page Philip C. Bulman 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA number of stable new N‐H oxaziridines have been designed and prepared, and their reactivity as electrophilic sources of nitrogen investigated. 3‐tert‐Butyl‐3‐phenyloxaziridine is the most efficient and stable and has potential for use as a general reagent for this purpose.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Aryltetramic Acids
Authors: Mallinger Aurélie , Nadal Brice , Chopin Nicolas , Le Gall Thierry 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTetramic acids substituted in the 3‐position by various aryl groups were prepared in one‐pot from amino esters and methyl arylacetates, by treatment with potassium tert‐butoxide. A tandem process, involving the formation of an amide and a condensation reaction, is likely to occur. N‐Unsubstituted tetramic acids were obtained from adducts containing a N‐(2,4‐dimethoxybenzyl) group.
Oligoaryl Cruciform Structures as Model Compounds for Coordination‐Induced Single‐Molecule Switches
Authors: Grunder Sergio , Huber Roman , Wu Songmei , Schönenberger Christian , Calame Michel , Mayor Marcel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of two new cruciform structures 3 and 4 comprising an oligo(phenylene‐vinylene) (OPV) and a perpendicular oligoaryl bar – namely an oligophenylene (OP) (3) and a naphthyl–phenyl–naphthyl system (4) – is reported. The OPV rod consists of two terminal pyridine units, whereas the oligoaryl rod bears two terminal acetylsulfanyl groups as protected anchor groups. The OPV bar was assembled via a Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction, which directly led to the desired E,E isomers. The perpendicular oligoaryl bars were assembled with a Suzuki reaction using the corresponding boronic acids, which were already fitted with an ethyl‐trimethylsilane (ethyl‐TMS) sulfanyl group. In a last step, the ethyl‐TMS‐protected sulfur atoms were transprotected to the thioacetyl units. The cruciform structures 3 and 4 are model compounds to investigate a coordination‐induced single‐molecule switch exploiting the potential‐dependant different bonding strengths of the anchor groups to gold. Metal–molecule–metal junctions were formed using a mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) setup. Current traces of molecular junctions were statistically analyzed. Further investigations of model compounds consisting only of the single bar confirm that individual molecules carrying the required function for the switching experiments were trapped between two electrodes and were mainly immobilized via thiol–gold anchor bonds.
Furan Ring‐Opening/Indole Ring‐Closure: Pictet–Spengler‐Like Reaction of 2‐(o‐Aminophenyl)furans with Aldehydes
Authors: Butin Alexander V. , Uchuskin Maxim G. , Pilipenko Arkady S. , Tsiunchik Fatima A. , Cheshkov Dmitry A. , Trushkov Igor V. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA new simple approach to 3‐(2‐acylvinyl)‐2‐(hetero)arylindoles has been developed. The method is based on the acid‐catalysed interaction of 2‐(2‐aminophenyl)furans with(hetero)aromatic aldehydes. The reactions proceed under very mild conditions and lead to indoles containing a reactive α,β‐unsaturated ketone moiety, which is suitable for further transformations, in moderate to good yields.
Service restoration on distribution systems using Multi‐MicroGrids
Authors: Resende F. O. , Gil N. J. , Lopes J. A. Peças 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLarge scale integration of distributed generation of both medium and low voltage (LV) networks can be achieved by exploiting the Multi‐MicroGrid (MMG) concept, a new distribution system architecture comprising a hierarchical control system, which allows the coordination among distributed generation units and MicroGrids (MGs) and therefore the operation of such a system in islanded mode. After a general blackout the MMG capabilities can also be used to provide service restoration in distribution systems. A new procedure for MMGs black start is then addressed in this paper. A sequence of control actions is defined and evaluated through numerical simulations. Fully automation of the entire MMG black start procedure is discussed along the paper. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed sequence of control actions and highlight some accomplishments that should be considered in order to successfully restore the MMG service, ensuring system stability and power quality. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family history of cancer and risk of pancreatic cancer: A pooled analysis from the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium (PanScan)
Authors: Jacobs Eric J. , Chanock Stephen J. , Fuchs Charles S. , LaCroix Andrea , McWilliams Robert R. , Steplowski Emily , Stolzenberg‐Solomon Rachael Z. , Arslan Alan A. , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. Bas , Gross Myron , Helzlsouer Kathy , Petersen Gloria , Zheng Wei , Agalliu Ilir , Allen Naomi E. , Amundadottir Laufey , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Buring Julie E. , Canzian Federico , Clipp Sandra , Dorronsoro Miren , Gaziano J. Michael , Giovannucci Edward L. , Hankinson Susan E. , Hartge Patricia , Hoover Robert N. , Hunter David J. , Jacobs Kevin B. , Jenab Mazda , Kraft Peter , Kooperberg Charles , Lynch Shannon M. , Sund Malin , Mendelsohn Julie B. , Mouw Tracy , Newton Christina C. , Overvad Kim , Palli Domenico , Peeters Petra H.M. , Rajkovic Aleksandar , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Thomas Gilles , Tobias Geoffrey S. , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Virtamo Jarmo , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Wolpin Brian M. , Yu Kai , Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte Anne 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA family history of pancreatic cancer has consistently been associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer. However, uncertainty remains about the strength of this association. Results from previous studies suggest a family history of select cancers (i.e., ovarian, breast and colorectal) could also be associated, although not as strongly, with increased risk of pancreatic cancer. We examined the association between a family history of 5 types of cancer (pancreas, prostate, ovarian, breast and colorectal) and risk of pancreatic cancer using data from a collaborative nested case‐control study conducted by the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium. Cases and controls were from cohort studies from the United States, Europe and China, and a case‐control study from the Mayo Clinic. Analyses of family history of pancreatic cancer included 1,183 cases and 1,205 controls. A family history of pancreatic cancer in a parent, sibling or child was associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer [multivariate‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) = 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19–2.61]. A family history of prostate cancer was also associated with increased risk (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.12–1.89). There were no statistically significant associations with a family history of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.52–1.31), breast cancer (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.97–1.51) or colorectal cancer (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.93–1.47). Our results confirm a moderate sized association between a family history of pancreatic cancer and risk of pancreatic cancer and also provide evidence for an association with a family history of prostate cancer worth further study.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of cervical cancer prevention based on a rapid human papillomavirus screening test in a high‐risk region of China
Authors: Levin Carol E. , Sellors John , Shi Ju‐Fang , Ma Li , Qiao You‐lin , Ortendahl Jesse , O'Shea Meredith K.H. , Goldie Sue J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study assessed the cost‐effectiveness of a new, rapid human papillomavirus (HPV)‐DNA screening test for cervical cancer prevention in the high‐risk region of Shanxi, China. Using micro‐costing methods, we estimated the resources needed to implement preventive strategies using cervical cytology or HPV‐DNA testing, including the Hybrid Capture 2 (hc2) test (QIAGEN Corp., Gaithersburg, MD) and the rapid HPV‐DNAcareHPV™ test (QIAGEN). Data were used in a previously published model and empirically calibrated to country‐specific epidemiological data. Strategies differed by initial test, targeted age, frequency of screening, number of clinic visits required (1, 2 or 3) and service delivery setting (national, county and township levels). Outcomes included lifetime risk of cancer, years of life saved (YLS), lifetime costs and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (cost per YLS). For all screening frequencies, the most efficient strategy used 2‐visit rapid HPV‐DNA testing at the county level, including screening and diagnostics in the first visit, and treatment in the second visit. Screening at ages 35, 40 and 45 reduced cancer risk by 50% among women compliant with all 3 screening rounds, and was US$ 150 per YLS, compared with this same strategy applied twice per lifetime. This would be considered very cost‐effective evaluated against China's per‐capita gross domestic product (US$ 1,702). By enhancing the linkage between screening and treatment through a reduced number of visits, rapid HPV‐DNA testing 3 times per lifetime is more effective than traditional cytology, and is likely to be cost‐effective in high‐risk regions of China.
Additional value of EGFR downstream signaling phosphoprotein expression to KRAS status for response to anti‐EGFR antibodies in colorectal cancer
Authors: Perkins Geraldine , Lièvre Astrid , Ramacci Carole , Méatchi Tchao , de Reynies Aurélien , Emile Jean‐François , Boige Valérie , Tomasic Gorana , Bachet Jean‐Baptiste , Bibeau Fréderic , Bouché Olivier , Penault‐Llorca Frédérique , Merlin Jean‐Louis , Laurent‐Puig Pierre 
Published: January 2010

AbstractKRAS mutations are a strong predictive marker of resistance to anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) but only a subset of wild‐type (WT) KRAS patients are responders, suggesting the existence of additional markers of resistance to this treatment. The activation of EGFR downstream signaling pathways may be one of these ones. In a series of 42 patients with advanced CRC treated with cetuximab/panitumumab, for whom KRAS status was previously determined, we retrospectively analyzed the intratumor expression of EGFR downstream signaling phosphoproteins of the RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways (pERK1/2, pMEK1, pAKT, pP70S6K and pGSK3β) using Bio‐Plex® phosphoprotein array. Association with tumor response, progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed. The expression of all the phosphoproteins was higher in KRAS mutated tumors than in WT tumors. The expression of pP70S6K was lower in responders than in nonresponder patients. In univariate analysis, patients with high pMEK1 or pP70S6K expression had a shorter PFS than those with low expression. Patients with high pP70S6K expression also had a shorter OS. In multivariate analysis, PFS was shorter for patients with high pMEK1 or pP70S6K expression, independently of KRAS status, as OS for patients with high pP70S6K expression. Therefore, WT KRAS patients with high pP70S6K expression had a shorter survival than those with low expression. Our results suggest the importance of EGFR downstream signaling phosphoproteins expression in addition to KRAS status to define the subgroup of patients who will not benefit from anti‐EGFR therapy.
Cancer incidence in people with AIDS in Italy
Authors: Polesel Jerry , Franceschi Silvia , Suligoi Barbara , Crocetti Emanuele , Falcini Fabio , Guzzinati Stefano , Vercelli Marina , Zanetti Roberto , Tagliabue Giovanna , Russo Antonio , Luminari Stefano , Stracci Fabrizio , De Lisi Vincenzo , Ferretti Stefano , Mangone Lucia , Budroni Mario , Limina Rosa Maria , Piffer Silvano , Serraino Diego , Bellù Francesco , Giacomin Adriano , Donato Andrea , Madeddu Anselmo , Vitarelli Susanna , Fusco Mario , Tessandori Roberto , Tumino Rosario , Piselli Pierluca , Dal Maso Luigino ,   for the Cancer and AIDS Registries Linkage (CARL) Study
Published: January 2010

AbstractPeople with HIV/AIDS (PWHA) have increased risk of some cancers. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) has improved their life expectancy, exposing them to the combined consequences of aging and of a prolonged exposure to cancer risk factors. The aim of this study was to estimate incidence rates (IR) in PWHA in Italy, before and after the introduction of HAART, after adjusting for sex and age through direct standardization. An anonymous record linkage between Italian AIDS Registry (21,951 cases) and Cancer Registries (17.3 million, 30% of Italian population) was performed. In PWHA, crude IR, sex‐ and age‐standardized IR and age‐specific IR were estimated. The standardized IR for Kaposi sarcoma and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma greatly declined in the HAART period. Although the crude IR for all non‐AIDS‐defining cancers increased in the HAART period, standardized IR did not significantly differ in the 2 periods (352 and 379/100,000, respectively). Increases were seen only for cancer of the liver (IR ratio = 4.6, 95% CI: 1.3–17.0) and lung (IR ratio = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0–3.2). Age‐specific IRs for liver and lung cancers, however, largely overlapped in the 2 periods pointing to the strong influence of the shift in the age distribution of PWHA on the observed upward trends. In conclusion, standardized IRs for non‐AIDS‐defining cancers have not risen in the HAART period, even if crude IRs of these cancers increased. This scenario calls, however, for the intensification of cancer‐prevention strategies, notably smoking cessation and screening programs, in middle‐aged HIV‐patients.
Inter‐test agreement and quantitative cross‐validation of immunochromatographical fecal occult blood tests
Authors: Brenner Hermann , Haug Ulrike , Hundt Sabrina 
Published: January 2010

AbstractImmunochromatographical fecal occult blood tests were shown to have higher sensitivity for detecting colorectal neoplasms than the commonly used guaiac‐based test. However, positivity rates, sensitivity and specificity vary widely. We aimed to assess the reasons for this heterogeneity. Six dichotomous (qualitative) immunochromatographical tests were used in the same stool samples, taken before cathartic bowel preparation, from 1,330 participants of the German colonoscopy screening program. Positivity rates were determined, and inter‐test agreement beyond chance was quantified by kappa coefficients (κ). In addition, kappa coefficients were expressed in relation to their maximum possible values given differences in test positivity rates (κ/κmax). Furthermore, the distribution of fecal hemoglobin concentration was assessed by an additional quantitative test in participants classified as clearly positive, borderline positive or clearly negative according to the qualitative tests. Positivity rates strongly varied from 6.4 to 46.8%. As a result, overall agreement between tests was only poor to moderate, with κ ranging from 0.14 to 0.61. However, apart from the different positivity rates, agreement was mostly very high, with κ/κmax ranging from 0.53 to 1.00, and exceeding 0.70 in 12 of 15 cases. Distribution of fecal hemoglobin concentrations in the various categories strongly varied across tests. The observed patterns suggest that the strongly different positivity rates essentially reflect different cutoff levels of tests with otherwise very high inter‐test agreement. Definition of cutoffs is a critical issue in the application of immunochromatographical tests and should be redefined for several of these tests.
Partners in treatment: relational psychoanalysis and harm reduction therapy
Authors: Rothschild Debra 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA relational psychoanalytic harm reduction orientation to the treatment of substance misusers is presented and illustrated with a clinical example. Both harm reduction therapy and relational psychoanalysis rely on a two‐person model in which the therapist and client are collaborators in the treatment. In both, substance use is seen in the context of the user's internal psychodynamics and external environment, and there is an emphasis on treating the person as a whole individual whose substance use is one aspect of life, rather than focusing on the substance use itself as was often done in the past. Historically, psychoanalysis and substance abuse treatment were so different from each other that their paths rarely crossed. The introduction of harm reduction therapy to substance abuse and the relational orientation in psychoanalysis have brought the fields closer together such that the valuable contributions that each can make to the other can now be appreciated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66: 1–14, 2010.
State of the art in harm reduction psychotherapy: an emerging treatment for substance misuse
Authors: Tatarsky Andrew , Marlatt G. Alan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHarm reduction psychotherapy is an exciting and emerging treatment for a broad spectrum of substance use problems. This article introduces an issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session devoted to the state of the art of harm reduction psychotherapy. We describe the harm reduction paradigm, the context for and history of the development of harm reduction psychotherapy, and its clinical principles. We then outline and frame the contributions to the issue. Our goal is that this issue will encourage psychotherapists to employ more harm reduction principles in practice and will provide many evidence‐based methods to do so. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66: 1–6, 2010.
Src signaling in cancer invasion
Authors: Guarino Marcello 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSrc is a non‐receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase which becomes activated following the stimulation of plasma membrane receptors including receptor tyrosine kinases and integrins, and is an indispensable player of multiple physiological homeostatic pathways. Once activated, Src is the starting point for several biochemical cascades that thereby propagate signals generated extracellularly along intracellular interconnected transduction pathways. Src transmits signals promoting cell survival and mitogenesis and, in addition, exerts a profound effect on the reorganization of the cytoskeleton and the adhesion systems that underpin cell migration and invasion. Because increased activity of Src is a frequent occurrence in many types of human cancer, and because there is evidence of a prominent role of Src in invasion and in other tumor progression‐related events such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and development of metastasis, inhibitors targeting Src are being viewed as promising drugs for cancer therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 14–26, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of growth factors and PTHrP on early and late chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Weiss S. , Hennig T. , Bock R. , Steck E. , Richter W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCommon in vitro protocols for chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induce an inadequate, hypertrophic differentiation cascade reminiscent of endochondral bone formation. We aimed to modify chondrogenic protocols in order to identify potent inducers, promotors, and inhibitors to achieve better chondrogenesis. Nine factors suspected to stimulate or inhibit chondrogenesis were used for chondrogenic in vitro induction of MSC. Differentiation was assessed by immunohistochemistry, alcian‐blue staining, qRT‐PCR, and quantification of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Pre‐differentiated pellets were transplanted subcutaneously into SCID mice to investigate stable cartilage formation. Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β was always required for chondrogenic differentiation and deposition of a collagen‐type‐II‐positive extracellular matrix, while bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2, ‐4, ‐6, ‐7, aFGF, and IGF‐I (10 ng/ml) were alone not sufficiently inductive. Each of these factors allowed differentiation in combination with TGF‐β, however, without preventing collagen type X expression. bFGF or parathyroid hormone‐like peptide (PTHrP) inhibited the TGF‐β‐responsive COL2A1 and COL10A1 expression and ALP induction when added from day 0 or 21. In line with a reversible ALP inhibition, in vivo calcification of pellets was not prevented. Late up‐regulation of PTH1R mRNA suggests that early PTHrP effects may be mediated by a receptor‐independent pathway. While TGF‐β was a full inducer, bFGF and PTHrP were potent inhibitors for early and late chondrogenesis, seemed to induce a shift from matrix anabolism to catabolism, but did not selectively suppress COL10A1 expression. Within a developmental window of collagen type II+/collagen type X− cells, bFGF and PTHrP may allow inhibition of further differentiation toward hypertrophy to obtain stable chondrocytes for transplantation purposes. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 84–93, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The activation of liver X receptors inhibits toll‐like receptor‐9‐induced foam cell formation
Authors: Sorrentino Rosalinda , Morello Silvana , Chen Shuang , Bonavita Eduardo , Pinto Aldo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs) are related to foam cell formation (FCF), key event in the establishment/progression of atherosclerosis. The activation of TLR2 and TLR4 can increase FCF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of TLR9 in FCF. Murine macrophages were treated with CpG‐ODN, TLR9 agonist, and oxidized particles of LDL (Paz‐PC) and FCF was analyzed by means of Oil Red O staining. The administration of CpG‐ODN plus Paz‐PC onto macrophages increased the amount of lipid droplets, correlated to increased levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IFNβ, and IP‐10. The underlying mechanism by which TLR9 ligation influenced Paz‐PC in the FCF was NF‐κB‐ and IRF7‐dependent, as observed by higher levels of phosphorylated IκBα, increased nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit, lower levels of the total IKKα protein and higher release of interferon‐dependent cytokines, such as IP‐10. Liver X receptors (LXRs) regulate lipid cellular transport and negatively modulate TLR‐dependent signaling pathways. Indeed, the addition of GW3965, synthetic LXRs agonist, significantly reduced FCF after CpG‐ODN plus Paz‐PC stimulation. In this condition, we observed decreased levels of the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit, related to the higher presence of LXRα into the nucleus. TNF‐α, IP‐10, and IFNβ levels were reduced by the administration of GW3965 following CpG‐ODN and Paz‐PC treatment. In conclusion, the activation of TLR9 facilitates the formation of foam cells in an NF‐κB‐ and IRF7‐dependent manner, countered by the activation of LXRs. This study further support LXRs as potential anti‐atherosclerotic target. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 158–167, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.