bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple seeds: R.J. Morris’ pedagogy in history and computing
Authors: Morton Graeme 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Once the disorderly output from the mainframe was pushed to one side, R.J. Morris was quick to realize the potential of the early Apple Mac personal computer to enhance how he taught the historical method. In this article, I reflect on Morris’ pedagogy in the fields of urban history and middle-class formation, and in his approach to nominal record linkage. These insights come from my experience as both an undergraduate and postgraduate student under his guidance and then later as collaborator in the classroom and in research. When teaching the power of the computer to advance the historian’s craft, Bob Morris never lost sight of the ‘concept’ as his favoured means of exploring and understanding historical transformation.
Simulating multiple equilibria in rational expectations models with occasionally-binding constraints: An algorithm and a policy application
Authors: Hatcher Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents an algorithm for simulating multiple equilibria in otherwise-linear dynamic models with occasionally-binding constraints. Our algorithm extends the guess-and-verify approach of Guerrieri and Iacoviello (2015) to detect and simulate multiple perfect foresight equilibria, and allows arbitrary “news shocks” up to a finite horizon. When there are multiple equilibria, we show how to compute expected paths using a “prior probabilities” approach and we provide an approach for running stochastic simulations with switching between equilibria on the simulated path. A policy application studies a New Keynesian model with a zero lower bound on nominal interest rates and multiple equilibria, including a “bad” solution based on self-fulfilling pessimistic expectations. A price-level targeting rule does not always eliminate the bad solution, but it shrinks the indeterminacy region substantially and improves stabilization and welfare relative to more conventional interest rate rules or forward guidance.
Adaptation and validation of the Health Anxiety Inventory (short version) for medical settings
Authors: Colenutt Jessica , Daniels Jo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The objectives of study 1 were to use expert opinion to identify the limitations of the Health Anxiety Inventory – Short Version (SHAI) for administration in medical populations and to develop an adapted version for medical populations. The objective of the second study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the adapted measure. A three-round Delphi study method was used in study 1. Eight experts with experience of living with a physical health condition and four experts by profession working within physical health were invited to review the SHAI. Study 2 employed a cross-sectional mixed methods questionnaire design. Individuals with multiple sclerosis (n=115), myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (n=84) and chronic pain (n=116) were invited to complete a battery of questionnaires via an online survey. The adapted version of the SHAI for Medical Populations (HAI-M) consisted of 12 items scoring from 0 to 3, reaching high consensus (75% agreement) for administration in medical populations. All groups rated the HAI-M as more acceptable than the SHAI and no significant differences were found on HAI-M scores between clinical groups. The HAI-M demonstrated high internal consistency (.875), good test–retest reliability (.812) and convergent validity (.801). Divergent validity was also acceptable (.515). This study provides preliminary evidence for a psychometrically sound health anxiety screening tool for use in medical populations.

Key learning aims

(1)
To gain insights into the presentation of health anxiety in medical conditions.

(2)
To consider the validity and reliability of using questionnaire measures developed using analogue sample norms, and how this may affect measurement when used in different context and settings.

(3)
The process of systematically adapting, developing and testing standardised measures for use in special subgroups.
A Drone‐Based Thermophysical Investigation of Barringer Meteorite Crater Ejecta
Authors: Nypaver Cole A. , Thomson Bradley J. , Moersch Jeffrey E. , Kring David A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractImpact cratering processes are ubiquitous throughout our solar system, and the distribution and modification of impact ejecta are sensitive to variable environmental and geologic surface conditions. Here we examine the scale dependency of orbital versus field‐based remote sensing data sets of a terrestrial impact structure by comparing low‐resolution (90 m/pixel) orbital with high‐resolution (23 cm/pixel) drone‐based thermophysical data to measure ejecta distribution patterns of Meteor Crater in northeast Arizona, USA. Our results indicate that the thermophysical properties of the Meteor Crater ejecta blanket are well constrained at the scale of orbital data resolution. However, when high‐resolution, drone‐based data are binned using previously mapped unit boundaries, no clear correlations between thermophysical properties and surface composition are observed. A trend of increasing apparent thermal inertia with surface rock population is observed. These results indicate that significant ejecta distribution variability can exist below the resolution of orbital thermophysical remote sensing data. In addition to providing insights into how remote sensing data can improve field‐based geologic mapping campaigns and impact crater analyses, our results place constraints on how the accuracy of geologic maps may be affected by surface erosion.
Understanding Europe's Forest Harvesting Regimes
Authors: Suvanto Susanne , Esquivel‐Muelbert Adriane , Schelhaas Mart‐Jan , Astigarraga Julen , Astrup Rasmus , Cienciala Emil , Fridman Jonas , Henttonen Helena M. , Kunstler Georges , Kändler Gerald , König Louis A. , Ruiz‐Benito Paloma , Senf Cornelius , Stadelmann Golo , Starcevic Ajdin , Talarczyk Andrzej , Zavala Miguel A. , Pugh Thomas A. M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEuropean forests are being shaped by active human use and management, and by harvesting of wood in particular. Yet, our understanding of how forests are harvested across Europe is limited, as the real harvest regimes are not well described by currently available data. Here, we analyse recent harvests, as observed in permanent plots of forest inventories in 11 European countries, totaling to 182,649 plots and covering all major forest types. We (a) characterize harvest regimes through the frequency and intensity of harvest events spatially across Europe, and (b) build models for the probability and intensity of harvest events at the plot‐level and examine the links to potential drivers of harvest, including the pre‐harvest forest structure and composition, climatic, topographic and socio‐economic factors, and past natural disturbances. The results revealed notable variation in harvest regimes across Europe, ranging from high‐frequency and low‐intensity harvests in eastern Central Europe to low‐frequency and high‐intensity harvests in the north, with different strategies emerging in regions with similar total harvest rates. The harvest regimes were strongly driven by country‐level variation, emphasizing the role of national‐level factors. Pre‐harvest forest properties were important drivers for the intensity of harvest, whereas the probability of harvest was more related to socio‐economic factors and natural disturbances. The presented quantification of the forest harvesting regimes provides much needed detail in our understanding of the contemporary forest management practices in Europe, providing a baseline against which to assess future changes in management and strengthening the knowledge‐base for decision‐making on European level.
Trends in Sea‐Air CO2 Fluxes and Sensitivities to Atmospheric Forcing Using an Extremely Randomized Trees Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Wanninkhof Rik , Triñanes Joaquin , Pierrot Denis , Munro David R. , Sweeney Colm , Fay Amanda R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMonthly global sea‐air CO2 flux maps are created on a 1° by 1° grid from surface water fugacity of CO2 (fCO2w) observations using an extremely randomized trees (ET) machine learning technique (AOML‐ET) over the period 1998–2020. Global patterns and magnitudes of fCO2w from AOML‐ET are consistent with other machine learning methods and with the updated climatology of Takahashi et al. (2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009). However, the magnitude and trends of sea‐air CO2 fluxes are sensitive to the treatment of atmospheric forcing. In the default configuration of AOML‐ET, the average global sea‐air CO2 flux is −1.70 PgC yr−1 with a negative trend of −0.89 ± 0.19 PgC yr−1 decade−1. The large negative trend is driven by a small uptake at the beginning of the record. This leads to increasing sea‐air fCO2 gradients over time, particularly at high latitudes. However, changing the target variable in AOML‐ET from fCO2w to sea‐air CO2 fugacity difference, ∆fCO2, results in a lower negative trend of −0.51 PgC yr−1 decade−1, though the average flux remains similar at −1.65 PgC yr−1. This trend is close to the consensus trend of ocean uptake from machine learning and models in the Global Carbon Budget of −0.46 ± 0.11 PgC yr−1 decade−1 switching to a gas transfer parameterization with weaker wind speed dependence reduces uptake by 60% but does not affect the trend. Substituting a spatially resolved marine air CO2 mole fraction product for the zonally invariant marine boundary layer CO2 product yields greater influx by up to 20% in the industrialized continental outflow regions.
How Phase Transitions Impact Changes in Mantle Convection Style Throughout Earth's History: From Stalled Plumes to Surface Dynamics
Authors: Li Ranpeng , Dannberg Juliane , Gassmöller Rene , Lithgow‐Bertelloni Carolina , Stixrude Lars 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMineral phase transitions can either hinder or accelerate mantle flow. In the present day, the formation of the bridgmanite + ferropericlase assemblage from ringwoodite at 660 km depth has been found to cause weak and intermittent layering of mantle convection. However, for the higher temperatures in Earth's past, different phase transitions could have controlled mantle dynamics. We investigate the potential changes in convection style during Earth's secular cooling using a new numerical technique that reformulates the energy conservation equation in terms of specific entropy instead of temperature. This approach enables us to accurately include the latent heat effect of phase transitions for mantle temperatures different from the average geotherm, and therefore fully incorporate the thermodynamic effects of realistic phase transitions in global‐scale mantle convection modeling. We set up 2‐D models with the geodynamics software Aspect, using thermodynamic properties computed by HeFESTo, while applying a viscosity profile constrained by the geoid and mineral physics data and a visco‐plastic rheology to reproduce plate‐like behavior and Earth‐like subduction morphologies. Our model results reveal the layering of plumes induced by the wadsleyite to garnet (majorite) + ferropericlase endothermic transition (between 450 and 590 km depth and over the 2000–2500 K temperature range). They show that this phase transition causes a large‐scale and long‐lasting temperature elevation in a depth range of 500–650 km depth if the potential temperature of the mantle is higher than 1800 K, indicating that mantle convection may have been partially layered in Earth's early history.
Petrogenesis of Plagioclase Ultraphyric Basalts (PUB) From the Northeastern (NE) Pacific Ridge System: Evidence From Mineral Textures and Geochemical Characteristics
Authors: Hewitt John B. , Ustunisik Gokce K. , Nielsen Roger L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPlagioclase crystals in plagioclase ultraphyric basalts (PUB) record changes in the major, trace, and isotopic compositions of evolving magmas. Those changes represent the record of specific processes in the crust and upper mantle that impart distinct crystal textures onto which chemical signatures are written. The extent to which the type and abundance of plagioclase textures and chemical signatures identified in one tectonic setting are found in others is still unclear. Here we report on the textural and compositional characteristics of PUB lavas from the Northeastern (NE) Pacific Ridge system (Juan de Fuca Ridge, Blanco Fracture Zone, and Gorda Ridge). The NE Pacific Ridge system exhibits a variety of populations of plagioclase megacrysts. The distribution of textural and compositional characteristics (e.g., single mode, bimodal, or trimodal distribution) are consistent with the presence of more than one parental magma in some samples. In PUB lava from the NE Pacific, we found that the populations of different textural types of plagioclase megacrysts are not compositionally distinct. Specifically, in any individual sample, there is no correlation of texture with major and trace element composition. We interpret the disconnect between texture and composition to be indicative of a system characterized by mixing of similar batches of magma resulting in populations of plagioclase megacrysts dominated by homogeneity or small degrees of normal/reverse zoning in most but not all cases. Furthermore, the populations of megacrysts and glomerocrysts are distinct in each sample and not correlated with their setting (on‐axis, off‐axis, or intra‐transform basin).
Explosive Ocean Island Volcanism Explained by High Magmatic Water Content Determined Through Nominally Anhydrous Minerals
Authors: Geiger Harri , Weis Franz , Troll Valentin R. , Deegan Frances M. , Skogby Henrik , Carracedo Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOcean island basalt (OIB) magmas are generally water poor and usually contain less than 1 wt.% of H2O. Explosive eruption styles are therefore rare. When explosive eruptions occur, they are thought to be driven by either volatile‐enriched mantle sources or by gas segregation processes during magma differentiation. Here we report on crystal‐ and water‐rich porphyritic basanites and ankaramites from El Hierro in the Canary Islands, Spain, that erupted inside the El Golfo giant landslide collapse embayment that formed at ≥39 ka. Using rock and mineral chemistry in combination with H2O contents of nominally anhydrous minerals (olivine and clinopyroxene), we show that despite their relatively primitive composition, the post‐collapse ankaramites are not primary mantle melts. Instead, they record high crystal contents as well as unusually high water contents of up to 3.20 ± 0.64 wt.% H2O, and likely represent a normally inaccessible snapshot of dense crystal‐rich magma compositions that reside in the sub‐island underplating zone. We hypothesize that their eruption was facilitated by sudden decompression from crustal unloading, implying that the El Golfo landslide may have affected the deeper portions of the plumbing system and triggered the ascent of volatile‐rich, crystal‐laden magmas from the underplating zone. We propose that some “wet” and explosive ocean island eruptions might result from the ascent of deep‐seated water‐rich magmas in the aftermath of vertical unloading and associated decompression.
Poloidal Field Line Resonances Driven by a Fast Wave
Authors: Wright Andrew , Elsden Thomas , Degeling Alexander , Mann Ian R. , Ozeke Louis , Yeoman Timothy , Sandhu Jasmine , Takahashi Kazue 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe present numerical simulations of the excitation of resonant poloidal Alfvén waves. The resulting Alfvén waves could be loosely described as “high‐” ( is the azimuthal wave number) in as much as the azimuthal scale of the wave is much less than the scale in the direction normal to ‐shells. Such waves are generally excited by wave‐particle interactions. In this article we show how resonant poloidal Alfvén waves can be excited by a fast mode (of large azimuthal scale) in a cold plasma. The key property that enables this is a three‐dimensional equilibrium, which facilitates the process of phasemixing in the azimuthal direction. We show that the classification of resonant Alfvén waves as high‐ and low‐ has limited applicability in 3D inhomogeneous media and suggest an alternative classification be based on the excitation mechanism.
Earth's Alfvén Wings: Unveiling Dynamic Variations of Field‐Line Topologies With Electron Distributions
Authors: Gurram Harsha , Shuster Jason R. , Chen Li‐Jen , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Denton Richard E. , Burkholder Brandon L. , Beedle Jason , Gershman Daniel J. , Burch James 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe magnetic cloud (MC) of the Coronal Mass Ejection on 24 April 2023, contains sub‐Alfvénic solar wind, transforming Earth's magnetosphere from conventional bow‐shock magnetotail configuration to Alfvén wings. Utilizing measurements from the Magnetosphere Multiscale (MMS) mission, we present for the first time electron distribution signatures as the spacecraft traverses through various magnetic topologies during this transformation. Specifically, we characterize electrons inside the sub‐Alfvénic MC, on the dawn‐dusk wing field lines and on the closed field lines. The signatures include strahl electrons in MC regions and energetic keV electrons streaming along the dawn and dusk wing field lines. We demonstrate the distribution signatures of dual wing reconnection, defined as reconnection between dawn‐dusk Alfvén wing field lines and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). These signatures include four electron populations comprised of partially depleted MC electrons and bi‐directional energetic electrons with variations in energy and pitch‐angle. The distributions reveal evidence of bursty magnetic reconnection under northward IMF.
Identifying Typical Relativistic Electron Pitch Angle Distributions: Evolution During Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Killey S. , Rae I. J. , Smith A. W. , Bentley S. N. , Watt C. E. J. , Chakraborty S. , Ozeke L. G. , Walach M.‐T. , Sandhu J. K. , Rasinskaite D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractVan Allen radiation belt electron dynamics are governed by a multitude of physical processes that can simultaneously drive acceleration, transport and loss. However, each individual process can be linked to a specific energy‐dependent pitch angle distribution (PAD). We employ a new, unsupervised machine learning technique on 7‐year of Van Allen Probe Relativistic Electron‐Proton Telescope data and discover that six PADs successfully describe 93% of outer belt relativistic electrons, two each of: pancake, butterfly, and flattop. We investigate the occurrence and storm‐time evolution of each PAD through 45 geomagnetic storms. We find new populations of PADs, including: “shadowing‐like” and wave‐particle interaction signatures at low‐L, and radial diffusion and substorm injections at higher‐L, as well as determining that wave‐particle interaction dominated PADs are swamped by radial diffusion processes through geomagnetic storms. Our results clearly demonstrate that PAD characterization is a key component of understanding Van Allen radiation belt electron dynamics.
An Assessment of the Soundscape West of the Svalbard Islands
Authors: Giorli Giacomo , Pennucci Giuliana , Real Gaultier 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA climatic shift is driving the Arctic Ocean toward an “Atlantification” process. This phenomenon might turn the future Arctic into an ice‐free Ocean and affect its soundscape. Measurements of ambient noise are scarce in the eastern Arctic, so we present a comparison of data from two locations west of the Svalbard Islands; one near Molloy Deep and the other on the Svalbard continental slope. Soundscape levels were lower in the summer months, with seasonal occurrence of fin whale vocalizations that increased the levels around 20 Hz in the fall/winter months. Seismic airgun noise was detected seasonally in the summer. Wind forcing also played an important role, elevating the sound levels in the 100–10000 Hz band at both locations. Finally, the distance from the ice edge had a negative correlation with sounds levels. Ice drift and concentration were not correlated to the overall sound levels.
Can the Marked Arctic Ocean Freshwater Content Increases of the Last Two Decades Be Explained Within Observational Uncertainty?
Authors: Le Bras Isabela Alexander‐Astiz , Timmermans Mary‐Louise 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe freshwater content of the Arctic Ocean has increased dramatically in the last two decades, particularly in the Beaufort Gyre. However, quantifying the sources of this change is an observational challenge and has historically been limited by methodological differences across studies. Here we derive observation‐based freshwater budgets from volume and mass budgets for the Arctic Ocean and the Beaufort Gyre from 2003 to 2020. Our budgets include all sources and sinks (river runoff, precipitation minus evaporation, land ice melt, sea ice export, sea ice melt, and ocean fluxes) as well as volume and mass storage terms measured by satellite. We find that Arctic freshwater changes are dominated by changes in the Beaufort Gyre, and we reconcile this with previous studies that argue for freshwater compensation between the Beaufort Gyre and the rest of the Arctic. We use inverse methods to close the volume and mass budgets within observational uncertainty and link the observed Arctic freshwater changes to the sources and sinks. Our budget analysis demonstrates that small changes to the ocean fluxes (smaller than we can measure) can account for all freshwater storage changes in the Arctic, highlighting the need for more careful accounting and detailed ocean observations in this rapidly changing environment.
Kuroshio‐Derived Anticyclonic Eddies Drive Lateral Transport and Transformation of Oceanic Dissolved Organic Matter Along the Continental Slope of South China Sea
Authors: Liang Qinglong , Wang Chao , Li Yan , Xie Xufeng , Guo Xianghui , Liu Xin , Wang Weilei , Zhang Zhisheng , Guo Weidong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPropagation of anticyclonic eddies (ACEs) facilitates the lateral transport of dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, the transformation of DOM within ACEs and its regulation of lateral fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) remain unclear. High‐resolution sectional distribution of DOC and humic‐like fluorescent DOM (FDOMH) were investigated across a Kuroshio‐derived ACE (K‐ACE) on the slope of northern South China Sea (SCS). A two‐endmember isopycnal mixing model revealed higher Kuroshio water fraction (0.59 ± 0.13) in K‐ACE than non‐eddy region. DOC removal (maximum 6%) was identified in the upper 200 m of K‐ACE. The shallower mixed layer (<50 m) also revealed signals of FDOMH photobleaching (8%–34%). However, the substantial production of FDOMH (36%–43%) happened below the mixed layer (50–250 m). The regression slope between net FDOMH and apparent oxygen utilization in this layer was steeper in K‐ACE than in non‐eddy region and dark oceans, suggesting K‐ACEs had higher microbial‐mediated in situ production efficiency and rate of refractory DOM. This enhancement could be attributed to increased biogenic particle export, more Kuroshio‐derived DOM transport, and higher oxygen utilization rate at warmer condition within K‐ACE. Analysis of 27‐year (1993–2020) daily eddy data revealed that K‐ACE‐induced lateral transport DOC flux to the northern SCS slope (1.8 ± 0.2 Tg C yr−1) constitutes half of the external DOC flux via cross‐shelf transport, highlighting the importance of K‐ACEs in connecting carbon cycles between west Pacific and the northern SCS slope and even shelf areas.