bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oestrogen withdrawal associated psychoses
Authors: Mahé V. , Dumaine A. 
Published: August 2010

Objective: Oestrogen withdrawal has been hypothesized as playing a causal role in puerperal psychoses. However, oestrogen withdrawal exists in conditions others than puerperium. We searched the published case reports where a decrease in oestrogen levels not occurring during puerperium was associated with a psychotic disorder, in order to evaluate the relevance of this hypothesis. These cases were defined as oestrogen withdrawal associated psychoses. Method: A systematic research of the literature was conducted for the period 1960–2000. Results: We identified 26 observations reporting an association between a psychotic disorder and a phase of oestrogen withdrawal. Psychotic episodes were short and reversible with recurrences reported when oestrogen withdrawal recurred. Puerperal psychosis was frequently reported in the history of patients. Conclusion: The oestrogen withdrawal hypothesis can be extended to certain psychotic episodes not occurring during in puerperium. This provides an additional argument for the clinical relevance of oestrogen withdrawal in puerperal and related psychoses.
Characteristics of violent behaviour in acute psychiatric in‐patients: a 5‐year Italian study
Authors: Grassi Luigi , Peron Luana , Marangoni Claudio , Zanchi Pierluigi , Vanni Adello 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  In order to examine prospectively the characteristics of violence among psychiatric patients, a 5‐year study was carried out in an acute psychiatric unit. Method:  All assaultive behaviour occurred in the ward during the study period were assessed routinely using the Staff Observation Aggression scale (SOAS). Results:  Of 1534 patients admitted to the unit during the study period, 116 were responsible for 329 aggressive episodes (prevalence of violence=7.5%, 2.8 incidents/patient). Most violent patients had an ICD‐9 diagnosis of schizophrenia and/or delusional syndromes (55.1%), a history of violence (80.7%) and previous psychiatric admissions (92%). Approximately half of the incidents had no specific cause, occurred during daytime and the first week of admission and, in most cases, was directed towards individuals (77.8%). Conclusion:  Although confirming the low rate of violence among Italian psychiatric in‐patients, the study indicates the need for more attention to the problem of aggression in general hospital psychiatric units.
Thyroid function test abnormalities in newly admitted psychiatric patients residing in an iodine‐deficient area: patterns and clinical significance
Authors: Lederbogen Florian , Hermann Derik , Hewer Walter , Henn Fritz A. 
Published: August 2010

Objective:
The prevalence of abnormal in‐vitro thyroid function tests in psychiatric in‐patients may be as high as 24%. Thus far, however, there is only limited data addressing the underlying causes of these abnormal test results, i.e. how often they can be attributed to genuine thyroid disease. Method:  We conducted an observational study of all in‐patients admitted to our institution during 1 calendar year running analyses of total thyroxin (T4), free thyroxin index (FTI) and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH). Patients with abnormal test results were classified according to an algorithm which had been established previously. Results:
In 243 of 880 patients with in‐vitro thyroid function analysis, at least one concentration of either T4, FTI or TSH was found to be outside the reference range. Work‐up according to the algorithm was completed in 848 patients; alterations were classified as representing thyroid dysfunction in 100 (41% of patients with abnormal test results), non‐specific findings in 92 (38%), influence of ingested drugs in 18 (7%) and of severe physical disease in 1 (0.4%). As measures of T4 and/or FTI provided no essential information in 854 patients (97% of tested), we found that in most cases the determination of TSH alone was sufficient for demonstrating normal thyroid function. Conclusion:  In 27.6% of newly admitted patients living in an iodine‐deficient area, at least one abnormal result in either T4, FTI or TSH values was found. Genuine thyroid disease was found in slightly less than half the patients with an abnormal value.
Increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease for patients with major affective disorder: a register study
Authors: Nilsson F. M. , Kessing L. V. , Bolwig T. G. 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  To investigate whether patients with a diagnosis of affective disorder are at an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease compared with medically ill control groups. Method:  By linkage of public hospital registers from 1977 to 1993, three study cohorts were identified: patients with affective disorder episodes (mania or depression) and patients with osteoarthritis or diabetes. Time to the first diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was estimated with the use of survival analysis. Results:  A total of 164 385 patients entered the study base. The risk of being given a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was significantly increased for patients with affective disorder, odds ratio 2.2 (CI 95% 1.7–2.8) compared with osteoarthritis, and depressive disorders, odds ratio 2.2 (CI 95% 1.7–2.9) compared with osteoarthritis. Conclusion:  This study supports the hypothesis of a common aetiology for major affective disorder and Parkinson's disease.
A lithium clinic for bipolar patients: 2‐year outcome of the first 148 patients
Authors: Licht R. W. , Vestergaard P. , Rasmussen N.‐A. , Jepsen K. , Brodersen A. , Hansen P. E. B. 
Published: August 2010

Objective: This paper describes the outcome for the first 148 patients referred to a lithium clinic.Method: Two‐year follow‐up data from treatment charts are reported for all patients entering a lithium clinic in the study period.Results: Lithium was given as the only mood stabilizer in 132 (89.2%) of the cases. Thirty‐two (21.6%) patients were readmitted with a new affective disorder episode. Twenty‐nine (19.6%) patients discontinued treatment prematurely. Variables predicting the recurrence of new affective disorder episodes as well as premature discontinuation of treatment were identified.Conclusion: The majority of bipolar patients received lithium for prophylaxis against recurrent affective disorder episodes. The outcome was moderate but comparable to the 30–40% improvement usually reported in follow‐up studies of bipolar patients given long‐term prophylactic treatment with lithium. Better long‐term treatment results for bipolar patients depend on both the development of more effective mood stabilizing drugs or drug combinations and the improvement of patients' adherence to treatment.
Familial occurrence of tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Müller D. J. , Schulze T. G. , Knapp M. , Held T. , Krauss H. , Weber T. , Ahle G. , Maroldt A. , Alfter D. , Maier W. , Nöthen M. M. , Rietschel M. 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  Familial occurrence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) and schizophrenia has been hypothesized to confer risk to the development of TD. We investigated these hypotheses in a large patient sample applying standardized methods for phenotype characterization. Method:  Two hundred and twenty‐two patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were assessed for TD and for family history of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Thirty‐nine patients had 40 affected first‐degree family members, one patient having two first‐degree relatives. Of these, 17 pairs and one triplet were personally examined. Results:  1) There was a tendency for TD in the affected relatives to be associated with the TD status of the index‐patient; this finding was unrelated to age and doses of neuroleptic medication. 2) No association between a family history of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and TD was found. Conclusion:  A family history of TD might represent a risk factor for TD, whereas a family history of schizophrenia does not.
Agranulocytosis and granulocytopenia associated with quetiapine
Authors: Ruhé Henricus G. , Becker Hiske E. , Jessurun Pytha , Marees Chris H. , Heeringa Marten , Vermeulen Hans D. B. 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  Quetiapine is a recently introduced atypical antipsychotic. Although adverse effects are mainly mild, more serious infrequent adverse effects including leucopenia are mentioned. Method:  We describe three case‐reports concerning haematological adverse effects of quetiapine. Results:  Quetiapine was associated with leucopenia in two patients and clinically apparent agranulocytosis in one patient. Conclusion:  Although a definite association has not been proven, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of agranulocytosis while using quetiapine. Further post‐marketing surveys are required.
Gender differences in adolescents and young adults with suicidal behaviour
Authors: Wunderlich U. , Bronisch T. , Wittchen H.‐U. , Carter R. 
Published: August 2010

Objective: Gender differences in prevalence rates of suicide attempts and suicidal thoughts as well as in risk factors for suicide attempts such as traumatic events and mental disorders were investigated in a random sample of 3021 adolescents aged 14–24 years. Method: The M‐CIDI (Composite International Diagnostic Interview) was used to survey suicidal behaviour, DSM‐IV lifetime diagnoses and traumatic events. Results: The female suicide attempters showed suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts significantly more often, and suicide attempts at a much younger age than the males. Furthermore, the females experienced sexual abuse much more often, and suffered significantly more often from anxiety disorders. The male suicide attempters showed higher rates of alcohol disorders and financial problems. Conclusion: A higher rate of anxiety in female suicide attempters results probably as a consequence of sexual abuse, which in turn makes them more vulnerable than males for attempting suicide between the age of 14–17.
Unexpected high prevalence of 1‐month depression in a small Brazilian community: the Bambuí Study
Authors: Vorcaro C. M. R. , Lima e Costa M. F. F. , Barreto S. M. , Uchoa E. 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  To determine the prevalence of depression in a community with 15 000 inhabitants in Brazil (Bambuí). Method:  The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was applied in a random sample of 1041 residents aged 18+ years. Results:
The ICD‐10 1‐month, 1‐year and lifetime prevalences of depression were 8.2% (95% CI:6.5–9.8), 10.0% (95% CI:8.2–11.8) and 15.6% (95% CI:13.4–17.8), respectively. Kappa coefficients comparing ICD‐10 and DSM‐III‐R diagnoses were high (0.73–0.79). Female sex (OR=2.4; 95% CI:1.3–4.2), age 45–59 years (OR=3.5; 95% CI:1.7–7.2) and 60 years (OR=4.0; 95% CI:1.9–8.5) and being out of work (OR=2.1; 95% CI:1.2–3.6) were independently and positively associated with 1‐month depression. Conclusion:  The 1‐month prevalence of depression was higher than that observed in similar studies in developed and developing countries. Depression may be a major unidentified disease of people living in small communities of Brazil and other developing countries, especially among older women.
Differences in substance abuse patterns: multiple drug abuse alone versus schizophrenia with multiple drug abuse
Authors: Lammertink M. , Löhrer F. , Kaiser R. , Hambrecht M. , Pukrop R. 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  To compare the lifetime consumption patterns of patients with schizophrenia and multiple substance abuse and multiple substance abusers without schizophrenia. Method:  Two hundred and thirty in‐patients of a specialized rehabilitation facility for young drug abusers were assessed with regard to their lifetime consumption patterns of 16 different classes of psychoactive drugs. While 110 patients had no diagnosis of a schizophrenic disorder, 120 patients had a comorbidity of multiple substance abuse and schizophrenia. Results:  Comorbid patients reported a higher lifetime consumption of hallucinogens, whereas multiple substance abusers without schizophrenia showed a higher lifetime consumption rate of cocaine. Conclusion:  The differences found in lifetime consumption patterns between comorbid patients and substance abusers without psychotic disorder do not support the so‐called self‐medication hypothesis. Instead, the differences in lifetime consumption of certain drugs might be a result of lower social competence and standing in schizophrenic patients and lower ability to procure certain illicit drugs.
Needs‐based cognitive‐behavioural family intervention for carers of patients suffering from schizophrenia: 12‐month follow‐up
Authors: Sellwood W. , Barrowclough C. , Tarrier N. , Quinn J. , Mainwaring J. , Lewis S. 
Published: August 2010

Objective: To examine longer‐term effectiveness of a needs‐based family intervention for carers and out‐patients suffering from schizophrenia. Method: Seventy‐nine unselected patient–carer pairs were recruited from a geographical area and allocated randomly to one of two conditions. One group received needs‐based cognitive‐behavioural family intervention in combination with general family support plus the standard care. The control group received the general family support and standard care only. Results: Analysis was carried out on an intention‐to‐treat basis. There was a significant advantage for family intervention, in terms of relapse (37% relapsed compared to 72%, NNT=3) and on other clinical measures. Treatment group and medication compliance were significant and independent predictors of relapse. There was a significant reduction in carer needs in the intervention group. Conclusion: Family intervention directed at carers' needs within a standard mental health service can produce benefits for patients beyond the term of intervention.
Complaints of stress in young soldiers strongly predispose to psychiatric morbidity and mortality: Danish national cohort study with 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Hageman I. , Pinborg A. , Andersen H. S. 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  Serving military can be regarded as exposure to a moderate enforced stressor independent of other vulnerability factors. The aims of this study were i) to explore psychiatric morbidity and mortality during 10 years of follow‐up in a cohort of healthy adolescent Danish conscripts and ii) to investigate whether stress‐related disorders precede other psychiatric disorders.Method:  Controlled national cohort study on all psychiatric hospital contacts in young men referred to the Military Psychiatric Department (MPD) with 10 years of follow‐up.Results:  During the follow‐up period, 24% of conscripts seen at the MPD were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder compared with 4% in the control cohort. Almost all diagnostic categories were over‐represented but especially psychotic disorders. Mortality was substantially increased. Of subjects initially diagnosed with stress‐related disorders at the MPD, 20% later on developed psychopathology.Conclusion:  Young healthy men complaining of mental distress following a stressor are strongly disposed to psychiatric morbidity and mortality. The study suggests that stress‐related disorders often precede more severe psychopathology.
Premorbid adjustment, symptom development and quality of life in first episode psychosis: a systematic review and critical reappraisal
Authors: MacBeth A. , Gumley A. 
Published: August 2010

Objective: To systematically review the relationship of premorbid adjustment to symptomatology in first episode psychosis (FEP), taking into account the influence of duration of untreated psychosis (DUP).Method: Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies.Results: A variety of approaches to the reporting of premorbid adjustment were identified. There was no significant association between premorbid adjustment and DUP, supporting the proposition that they are independent constructs. The effect of premorbid adjustment upon positive symptomatology was negligible. Premorbid adjustment had a modest effect upon negative symptoms and quality of life, increasing over duration of follow‐up.Conclusion: Premorbid adjustment remains a valid construct in the study of FEP. Both premorbid adjustment and DUP confer independent effects on aspects of symptomatology in FEP. Results for premorbid adjustment are similar to previous findings in more chronic samples. The potential for conceptualizing premorbid functioning by developmental, academic/social and typological approaches is currently underexploited.
Bilateral intravesical ureterocele associated with unilateral partial duplication of the ureter and other anomalies: proposal of a new variant to the classification of ureterocles based on a perinatal autopsy, review of the literature and embryology
Authors: JAIMAN SUNIL , ULHØJ BENEDICTE P. 
Published: August 2010

Jaiman S, Ulhøj BP. Bilateral intravesical ureterocele associated with unilateral partial duplication of the ureter and other anomalies: proposal of a new variant to the classification of ureterocles based on a perinatal autopsy, review of the literature and embryology. APMIS 2010; 118: 809–14.The aims of this study were to demonstrate a case of bilateral intravesical ureterocele associated with megacystis and mega‐ureters, unilateral partial duplication of the ureter and unilateral segmental renal dysplasia of the upper pole and an accessory spleen and to propose an addition of the new variant to the classification of ureteroceles. A perinatal necropsy was conducted on the 21‐week fetus by employing the Rokitansky procedure with evisceration performed in blocks. The autopsy revealed the aforementioned abnormalities without cardiac or neural anomalies. The amniocentesis report was normal. Ureterocele is a saccular expansion of the distal ureter. It is most commonly observed in females and children and usually affects the upper moiety of a complete pyeloureteral duplication. Four types of ureteroceles are described: (A) ureterocele with single ureter (10%); (B) ureterocele with total duplication and intravesical development (10%); (C) ureterocele with total duplication and extravesical development (62%); and (D) ureterocele with ectopic ureter (3%). One case in a new born with bilateral intravesical ureterocele associated with hydrouretero‐nephrosis and hyperechogenic spots in kidneys has been reported, but bilateral intravesical ureterocele with unilateral incomplete pyeloureteral duplication has never been described in the literature.
Serum levels of interleukin‐10 and tumour necrosis factor‐α in chronic periodontitis
Authors: Passoja Anna , Puijola Ilkka , Knuuttila Matti , Niemelä Onni , Karttunen Riitta , Raunio Taina , Tervonen Tellervo 
Published: August 2010

Passoja A, Puijola I, Knuuttila M, Niemelä O, Karttunen R, Raunio T, Tervonen T. Serum levels of interleukin‐10 and tumour necrosis factor‐α in chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 881–887. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01602.xAbstractAims: To investigate, using a cross‐sectional study design, whether the extent of periodontal inflammation associates with the serum levels of cytokine interleukin (IL)‐10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and their ratio.Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 61 subjects with chronic periodontitis and 30 control subjects with minimally inflamed periodontal tissues. Probing pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal attachment level (AL) were measured. The serum IL‐10 (pg/ml) and TNF‐α (U/l) levels were analysed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. After categorization of the subjects, associations between serum IL‐10 and TNF‐α levels and the extent of periodontal inflammation were studied using linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, body mass index and smoking.Results: A negative, partly dose‐dependent association existed between the extent of BOP, PD4 mm and AL4 mm and serum IL‐10 level. The subjects in the periodontitis group presented significantly higher serum TNF‐α levels and their TNF‐α/IL‐10 ratio was approximately threefold when compared with the ratio in the control group.Conclusions: The significantly higher serum TNF‐α/IL‐10 ratio in the subjects with chronic periodontitis when compared with the ratio in the controls is indicative of a stronger systemic pro‐inflammatory state in chronic periodontitis.
Don’t forget other causes of wheeze. ABPA in a boy with asthma. A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Schwerk Nicolaus , Rochwalsky Ulrich , Brinkmann Folke , Hansen Gesine 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAllergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a rare pulmonary disorder caused by hypersensitivity to Aspergillus fumigatus. The prevalence is estimated to be about 1–2% in adult patients with asthma and 2–15% in patients with cystic fibrosis. In paediatric patients with asthma, only single case reports on ABPA exist. We report on a 13‐year‐old boy with allergic asthma complicated by ABPA. Despite the presentation of typical clinical symptoms, it took 6 years before he was diagnosed. The clinical course improved rapidly after ABPA therapy was started, and 12 months after diagnosis, the boy is still free of symptoms. Clinical symptoms of ABPA may be unspecific making a rapid diagnosis difficult in some cases.Conclusion:  A delay in diagnosis and treatment increases the risk for irreversible lung damage. Once bronchiectasis has developed, the outcome is unfavourable. Thus, ABPA has to be considered in patients whose asthma remains uncontrolled despite adequate therapy.
Prevalence and distribution of congenital abnormalities in Turkey: Differences between the prenatal and postnatal periods
Authors: Oztarhan Kazim , Gedikbasi Ali , Yildirim Dogukan , Arslan Oguz , Adal Erdal , Kavuncuoglu Sultan , Ozbek Sibel , Ceylan Yavuz 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the distribution of cases associated with congenital abnormalities during the following three periods: pregnancy, birth, and the neonatal period. This was a retrospective study of cases between 2002 and 2006. All abnormal pregnancies, elective terminations of pregnancies, stillbirths, and births with congenital abnormalities managed in the Neonatology Unit were classified based on the above distribution scheme. During the 5‐year study period, 1906 cases with congenital abnormalities were recruited, as follows: 640 prenatally detected and terminated cases, with most abnormalities related to the central nervous system, chromosomes, and urogenital system (56.7%, 12.7%, and 8.9%, respectively); 712 neonates with congenital abnormalities (congenital heart disease [49.2%], central nervous system abnormalities [14.7%], and urogenital system abnormalities [12.9%]); and hospital stillbirths, of which 34.2% had malformations (220 prenatal cases [34.4%] had multiple abnormalities, whereas 188 liveborn cases [26.4%] had multiple abnormalities). The congenital abnormalities rate between 2002 and 2006 was 2.07%. Systematic screening for fetal anomalies is the primary means for identification of affected pregnancies.
Are abdominal wall defects and external genitalia anomalies randomly expressed in some families?
Authors: Wonkam Ambroise , Extermann Philipe , Birraux Jacques , Fokstuen Siv 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTFamilial cases of isolated abdominal wall defects with variable expressivity in more than one generation have rarely been observed. We report four affected individuals within a small three‐generation family with either variable non‐syndromic abdominal wall defects or external genital anomalies. We discuss the possible transmission of non‐syndromic abdominal wall defects. It could be hypothesized that similar developmental defects may result in anomalies like hypospadias in males or developmental anomalies of the labia minora or labia majora in females.