bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular mechanisms of plasmalemmal sealing and axonal repair by polyethylene glycol and methylene blue
Authors: Spaeth C.S. , Robison T. , Fan J.D. , Bittner G.D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMammalian neurons and all other eukaryotic cells endogenously repair traumatic injury within minutes by a Ca2+‐induced accumulation of vesicles that interact and fuse with each other and the plasmalemma to seal any openings. We have used uptake or exclusion of extracellular fluorescent dye to measure the ability of rat hippocampal B104 cells or rat sciatic nerves to repair (seal) transected neurites in vitro or transected axons ex vivo. We report that endogenous sealing in both preparations is enhanced by Ca2+‐containing solutions and is decreased by Ca2+‐free solutions containing antioxidants such as dithiothreitol (DTT), melatonin (MEL), methylene blue (MB), and various toxins that decrease vesicular interactions. In contrast, the fusogen polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 10–50 mM artificially seals the cut ends of B104 cells and rat sciatic axons within seconds and is not affected by Ca2+ or any of the substances that affect endogenous sealing. At higher concentrations, PEG decreases sealing of transected axons and disrupts the plasmalemma of intact cells. These PEG‐sealing data are consistent with the hypothesis that lower concentrations of PEG directly seal a damaged plasmalemma. We have considered these and other data to devise a protocol using a well‐specified series of solutions that vary in tonicity, Ca2+, MB, and PEG content. These protocols rapidly and consistently repair (PEG‐fuse) rat sciatic axons in completely cut sciatic nerves in vivo rapidly and dramatically to restore long‐lasting morphological continuity, action potential conduction, and behavioral functions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence for climatic variability and its impact on human development during the Neolithic from Loughmeenaghan, County Sligo, Ireland
Authors: Stolze Susann , Dörfler Walter , Monecke Thomas , Nelle Oliver 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHigh‐resolution pollen and geochemical analyses conducted on a sediment profile from a small lake in County Sligo, Ireland, revealed that human development during the Neolithic was influenced by pronounced climatic oscillations. The primeval woodland around the lake experienced a considerable transformation coinciding with the elm decline at 3810 BC. The subsequent increase in summer temperatures and decrease in precipitation favoured wheat cultivation in the lake's catchment area, which was practised for approximately 140 years. A shift towards pastoral farming took place with the establishment of exceptionally dry conditions between 3650 and 3560 BC, when lake level and influx of allochthonous material were notably low. The onset of cool and wet conditions at the transition from the Early to Middle Neolithic possibly caused the initial decline of human activity in the area. Periods of particularly high precipitation during the Middle and early Late Neolithic contributed to the abandonment of the area by the first farmers. Comparison of the proxy record from the study site with other palynological and archaeological records from Ireland suggests that climatic variability on the decadal to centennial scale represented a primary control on the nature and duration of farming practices during the Neolithic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidative activities and functional characterization of protein hydrolysates of hard‐to‐cook chickpeas
Authors: Medina‐Godoy Sergio , Ambriz‐Pérez Dulce L , Fuentes‐Gutiérrez Cindy I , Germán‐Báez Lourdes J , Gutiérrez‐Dorado Roberto , Reyes‐Moreno Cuauhtémoc , Valdez‐Ortiz Angel 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The potential use of hard‐to‐cook (hardened) chickpeas to obtain value‐added functional food ingredients was evaluated. For that purpose, some nutraceutical and functional attributes of several chickpea protein hydrolysates (CPHs) prepared from both fresh and hard‐to‐cook grains were evaluated.RESULTS: All the CPHs prepared from both fresh and hard‐to‐cook grains, with the enzymes alcalase, pancreatin and papain, showed high angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE‐I) activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.101 to 37.33 µg mL−1; similarly, high levels of antioxidant activity (around 18.17–95.61 µmol Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity µg−1 CPH) were obtained through both the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) methods. Regarding functional characterization of the CPHs, oil absorption values ranged from 1.91 to 2.20 mL oil g−1 CPH, with water solubility almost 100% from pH 7 to 10.CONCLUSION: The high antioxidant and ACE‐I activities as well as the good functional properties of the CPH prepared from both fresh and hard‐to‐cook grains, suggest its use in food formulations with value added in human health. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Patterned Immobilization of a Luminescent Ru(II) Complex in Polymer Films Using the Photoreaction of Benzyl thiocyanate: Toward Color Emission Tuning of Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Koepplmayr Thomas , Cardinale Massimiliano , Rath Thomas , Trimmel Gregor , Rentenberger Stephan , Zojer Egbert , Kern Wolfgang , Griesser Thomas 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis contribution deals with the patterned immobilization of a highly luminescent Ru(II) complex in thin polymer films. Photosensitive polymers bearing benzyl thiocyanate groups in the side chain undergo a photoisomerization reaction upon irradiation with UV light. This photoreaction leads to the formation of isothiocyanate groups, which readily react with primary amino groups. We report on the immobilization of a highly luminescent Ru(II) complex in the illuminated areas of a norbornene based polymer by means of this photoreaction. In combination with lithographic techniques, patterned, luminescent polymer films are realized. A novel approach for tuning the electroluminescence of polyfluorene‐based organic light‐ emitting diodes by the immobilization of this Ru(II) complex in the emission layer is suggested.
Cultural Adaptation, Validity, Reliability and Responsiveness of the Swedish Version of the Effective Musculoskeletal Consumer Scale (EC‐17)
Authors: Bremander Ann , Wikström Ingegerd , Larsson Ingrid , Bengtsson Maria , Hagel Sofia , Strömbeck Britta 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundEndorsed by the Outcome MEasures in Rheumatoid Arthritis in Clinical Trials (OMERACT) group, The Effective Consumer Scale (EC‐17) was developed in English for patients with musculoskeletal diseases to assess the skills and perceptions important for participating in and managing health care. The objective of this study was culturally to adapt the questionnaire into Swedish and to study its psychometric properties.MethodsAfter translation of the questionnaire into Swedish, two different groups of outpatients from two specialist rheumatology departments participated in the study. Face validity was assessed, together with internal consistency, test–retest and responsiveness of the questionnaire. Construct validity was assessed using the Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Scale (ASES), and responsiveness to a five day educational intervention was analysed using the standardized response mean (SRM).ResultsAnalyses were based on 124 patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, of whom 50 attended the intervention. Data quality met the requirements, with missing values <5%, and floor and ceiling effects <15%. Item total correlations were all >0.4, ranging from 0.49 to 0.88. Cronbach's alpha was 0.93 and 0.95 for the two groups. The test–retest correlation (ICC2.1) was 0.94, and there was a significant improvement as a result of the intervention, with an SRM of 0.43. However, the questionnaire had a higher construct validity with the ASES subscale ‘other symptoms’ than hypothesized a priori (rs 0.75).ConclusionThe Swedish version of the EC‐17 met the required recommendations for face validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability and responsiveness. Its construct validity needs to be further established, and the questionnaire needs further testing in different groups of patients and in different interventions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Sinc‐Galerkin method for solving an inverse parabolic problem with unknown source term
Authors: Shidfar A. , Babaei A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe inverse problem of determining an unknown source term depending on space variable in a parabolic equation is considered. A numerical algorithm is presented for recovering the unknown function and obtaining a solution of the problem. As this inverse problem is ill‐posed, Tikhonov regularization is used for finding a stable solution. For solving the direct problem, a Galerkin method with the Sinc basis functions in both the space and time domains is presented. This approximate solution displays an exponential convergence rate and is valid on the infinite time interval. Finally, some examples are presented to illustrate the ability and efficiency of this numerical method. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2013
Kesterites—a challenging material for solar cells
Authors: Siebentritt Susanne , Schorr Susan 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTKesterite materials (Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4) are made from non‐toxic, earth‐abundant and low‐cost raw materials. We summarise here the structural and electronic material data relevant for the solar cells. The equilibrium structure of both Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 is the kesterite structure. However, the stannite structure has only a slightly lower binding energy. Because the band gap of the stannite is predicted to be about 100 meV lower than the kesterite band gap, any admixture of stannite will hurt the solar cells. The band gaps of Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 are 1.5 and 1.0 eV, respectively. Hardly any experiments on defects are available. Theoretically, the CuZn antisite acceptor is predicted as the most probable defect. The existence region of the kesterite phase is smaller compared with that of chalcopyrites. This makes secondary phases a serious challenge in the development of solar cells. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of side‐chain liquid crystalline Azopolymers by CuAAC postfunctionalization using bifunctional azides: Induction of chirality using circularly polarized light
Authors: Royes Jorge , Rebolé Javier , Custardoy Laura , Gimeno Nélida , Oriol Luis , Tejedor Rosa M. , Piñol Milagros 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWell‐defined side‐chain liquid crystal azopolymers have been synthesized by click chemistry of poly(propargyl methacrylate) with bifunctional liquid crystalline azides to produce materials with large degrees of functionalization. A polymeric scaffold having pendant alkyne groups was prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and postfunctionalized by copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) using homo‐ and heterobifunctional azides. The azides are derivatives of 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propanoic acid (bis‐MPA) containing photoresponsive azobenzene and/or liquid crystalline biphenyl moieties. The approach is a convenient alternative to increase the density of functional units in side‐chain polymers having moderate polymerization degrees and to modulate the properties of the final material. The article describes the synthesis, characterization, and liquid crystalline properties of the obtained polymers. The effect of the chemical structure and the possible cooperative effects between functional units in the photo‐induction of chirality are also evaluated. A switchable photo‐transference of chirality from the circularly polarized light (CPL) to material has been achieved. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Basic ionic liquid/FeCl3·6H2O as an efficient catalyst for AGET ATRP of methyl methacrylate
Authors: Deng Zhijun , Qiu Lihua , Bai Liangjiu , Zhou Yinxia , Lin Bencai , Zhao Jie , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin , Yan Feng 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA basic ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium hydroxide ([Bmim]OH), was synthesized and used as the additives in an iron‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization with activators generated by electron transfer (AGET ATRP) of methyl methacrylate in bulk and solution, using FeCl3·6H2O as the catalyst, ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate as the initiator, vitamin C (Vc) as the reducing agent, and tetrabutylammonium bromide or tetra‐n‐butylphosphonium bromide as the ligand. Catalytic amount of [Bmim]OH could enhance the polymerization rate and produce poly(methyl methacrylate) with controllable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.3–1.4). The nature of controlled/“living” free radical polymerization in the presence of basic ionic liquid was further confirmed by chain‐extension experiments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Polynorbornene dicarboximide/amine functionalized graphene hybrids for potential oxygen barrier films
Authors: Lee Daewoo , Choi Myeon‐Cheon , Ha Chang‐Sik 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this work, we prepared polynorbornene dicarboximide (PND)/amine functionalized graphene (AFG) hybrids in N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc). The AFG was synthesized by modifying graphene oxides (GO) with amine groups. The AFG sheets were well‐dispersed in DMAc and randomly distributed throughout the PND matrix in the hybrid films, which enhanced the mechanical and oxygen barrier properties of the PND/AFG hybrid films. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Bioreducible and core‐crosslinked hybrid micelles from trimethoxysilyl‐ended poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐S‐S‐poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers: Thiol‐ene click synthesis and properties
Authors: Wang Yu‐Jing , Dong Chang‐Ming 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBioreducible and core‐crosslinked hybrid micelles were for the first time fabricated from biodegradable and biocompatible trimethoxysilyl‐terminated and disulfide‐bond‐linked block copolymers poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐S‐S‐poly(ethylene oxide), which were prepared by combining thiol‐ene coupling reaction and ring‐opening polymerization. The molecular structures, physicochemical, self‐assembly, and bioreducible properties of these copolymers were thoroughly characterized by means of FTIR, 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy. The core‐crosslinking sol‐gel reaction was confirmed by 1H NMR, and the core‐crosslinked hybrid micelles contained about 3 wt % of silica. The bioreducible property of both uncrosslinked and core‐crosslinked micelles in 10 mM 1,4‐dithiothreitol (DTT) solution was monitored by DLS, which demonstrated that the PEO corona gradually shedded from the PCL core. The anticancer doxorubicin drug‐loaded micelles showed nearly spherical morphology compared with blank micelles, presenting a DTT reduction‐triggered drug‐release profile at 37 °C. Notably, the core‐crosslinked hybrid micelles showed about twofold drug loading capacities and a half drug‐release rate compared with the uncross‐liked counterparts. This work provides a useful platform for the fabrication of bioreducible and core‐crosslinked hybrid micelles potential for anticancer drug delivery system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis of [CH2C(CO2Et)2CH2Ar]n polymers and their unique optical properties by through‐space interactions between Ar and CO groups
Authors: Hoshino Tohru , Watanabe Jun‐ichi , Kudo Masaru , Sakai Edo , Funyu Shigeaki , Ishitsuka Ken‐ich , Okamoto Sentaro 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPolymers of type [CH2C(CO2Et)2CH2Ar]n (Ar = 1,4‐phenylene, 2,6‐naphthylene, 9,10‐anthrylene, or 1,4‐phenylene‐ethynylene‐1,4‐phenylene) were synthesized by alkylation of diethyl malonate with XCH2ArCH2X (X = Cl or Br). These polymers exhibited unexpectedly enhanced UV absorption and strong, broad, bathochromically shifted fluorescence spectra compared with the parent Ar compounds. The origin of these photophysical characteristics was postulated to be a configuration interaction between the π→π* excitation of the aromatic moiety and the n→π* excitation of the carbonyl moiety on the trimethylene tether via intramolecular charge transfer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Effects of salt and temperature on single‐chained cationic surfactant/oligodeoxynucleotide vesicle formation
Authors: Guo Xia , Cui Bo , Li Yang , Ding Jiatong 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRecently, we found oligodeoxynucleotide could induce single‐chained cationic surfactant to organize into vesicles. In this article, we will report the effects of NaCl and temperature on the surfactant/oligodeoxynucleotide vesicle formation. A moderate content of NaCl can facilitate vesicle formation and high content of NaCl makes vesicle degraded. The enhanced hydrophobic interaction between surfactant and oligodeoxynucleotide with NaCl plays a key role for facilitating vesicle formation. Moreover, surfactant/oligodeoxynucleotide vesicles tend to aggregate at high temperature and the change is irreversible. However, the presence of NaCl makes this change reversible. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Optical polarization and anisotropic gain characteristics in semipolar and nonpolar InGaN quantum well lasers
Authors: Yamaguchi Atsushi A. , Kojima Kazunobu 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBy using a new simple theoretical approach, the previously‐reported experimental results of the polarization properties in semipolar and nonpolar InGaN quantum wells (QWs) were analyzed. On the basis of the k·p‐perturbation theory, we derived a useful analytical expression for describing the polarization properties of these QWs, and used this expression to analyze experimental data reported from various research groups. All the reported data are successfully fitted by the analytical expression, and realistic prediction of polarization properties is possible for unexplored substrate orientation and In composition. Based on these analyses, it is predicted that the optical gain characteristics favourable for laser diodes with cleaved‐facet cavity mirrors would appear in the green‐InGaN QWs on the lower‐angle semipolar planes (30° ∼ 40° inclined from the c‐plane). (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anion modulation epitaxy (AME), an alternative growth strategy for group III‐nitrides
Authors: Goff Lucy E. , Foxon C. Thomas , Staddon Christopher R. , Kent Anthony J. , Campion Richard P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this paper we report a new strategy for growth of group III‐nitrides by Plasma‐Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (PA‐MBE), which we term Anion Modulation Epitaxy (AME). In this modified growth method, the nitrogen flux is interrupted periodically to build up a group III surface concentration. This leads to enhanced mobility and thus improved morphology compared to growth using conventional PA‐MBE. Direct comparison of GaN samples grown at equivalent temperature by PA‐MBE and AME show the advantages of this improved growth procedure (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A 600 V AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diode on silicon substrate with fast reverse recovery time
Authors: Hsin Yue‐Ming , Ke Tsung‐Yu , Lee Geng‐Yen , Chyi Jen‐Inn , Chiu Hsien‐Chin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLateral AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diodes on silicon (111) substrate have been fabricated and characterized. The Hall measurement shows the mobility of 1430 cm2/V‐s with a sheet carrier density of 9.8 × 1012 cm‐2 for the AlGaN/GaN structure. The specific on‐state resistance (Ron) is 1.27 mΩ‐cm2, while the forward turn‐on voltage is 1.43 V at the current density of 100 A/cm2 for device with Schottky‐to‐ohmic distance of 10 μm. The measured reverse breakdown voltage (VB) at room temperature is up to 600 V without edge termination. The figure‐of‐merit, (VB)2/Ron, is 302.7 MWcm‐2, and fast reverse recovery time is observed for device switched from a forward current density of 720 A/cm2 to a reverse bias of 30 V with di /dt of 60 A/μs. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characteristics of epitaxial lateral overgrowth AlN templates on (111)Si substrates for AlGaN deep‐UV LEDs fabricated on different direction stripe patterns
Authors: Mino Takuya , Hirayama Hideki , Takano Takayoshi , Tsubaki Kenji , Sugiyama Masakazu 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe investigated the characteristics of epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) AlN templates fabricated on Si substrates which are applicable to AlGaN‐based deep ultraviolet (DUV) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). ELO‐AlN layers were grown on stripe‐patterned thin AlN seed‐layer directly deposited on (111)Si substrates by using an ‘NH3 pulsed‐flow multi‐layer (ML) growth’ technique. A 4 µm‐thick ELO‐AlN layer with stripe pattern along <10‐10> direction of AlN can be coalesced successfully. We achieved marked reduction of crack and threading dislocation density (TDD) in the ELO AlN layers. In fact, the (10‐12) full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the X‐ray diffraction ω‐scan rocking curves (XRCs) of ELO‐AlN template on Si substrate was reduced to be 980 arcsec. These results show that the combination of NH3 pulsed‐flow ML growth and ELO method is effective to fabricate high‐quality AlN templates on Si substrates. Moreover we fabricated 256‐278 nm AlGaN quantum well (QW) DUV LEDs on the low TDD ELO‐AlN templates on Si, and achieved single‐peak operations under room temperature (RT) cw current injection. The low cost AlGaN based DUV LEDs on Si substrates is expected to be integrated with Si based electric devices on the same chips. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optically pumped UV lasers grown on bulk AlN substrates
Authors: Wunderer T. , Chua C. L. , Northrup J. E. , Yang Z. , Johnson N. M. , Kneissl M. , Garrett G. A. , Shen H. , Wraback M. , Moody B. , Craft H. S. , Schlesser R. , Dalmau R. F. , Sitar Z. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSub‐300 nm optically pumped ultraviolet lasers were realized on low‐defect‐density (0001) AlN substrates fabricated from single crystalline AlN boules. The AlxGa1–xN/AlyGa1–yN hetero‐structures were grown by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy near atmospheric pressure. The high structural quality of the pseudomorphically deposited films was confirmed by X‐ray reciprocal space mappings and time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) studies of the multiple quantum well emission.The initial PL‐decay times for a sample emitting at 267 nm were 0.87 ns and 1.14 ns for T = 295 K and T = 14 K, respectively. Laser resonators with a length of about 1 mm were formed by cleaving the AlN crystal to obtain m‐plane mirror facets. Lasing was demonstrated for various wavelengths between 267 and 291 nm with the threshold power density as low as 126 kW/cm2 for the shortest attempted wavelength. The laser emission was TE polarized for all emission wavelengths. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)