bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTENSIVE SHRIMP CULTURE SYSTEM IN KUWAIT1
Authors: Kneale D. C. , Al‐Hajj A. B. , Maynard E. C. L. , Farmer A. S. D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDevelopment of an intensive culture system is presently being conducted in Kuwait as a means of farming penaeid shrimp in arid lands. Efficiency of commercial‐scale hatchery production of Penaeus semisulcatus and P. japonicus showed significant improvement in 1981 over previous years. Three one‐month hatchery rearing cycles in three 15 m3 concrete tanks yielded a total of 9.1 million post‐larval shrimp with an average density of 160 PL/liter being obtained for one of these trials. Four other trials were discontinued due to low spawning rates and disease. Installation of a heat exchange system made it possible to begin larviculture in February, two months earlier than in previous years. Research in nursery and grow‐out phases of intensive shrimp culture is being directed towards raceways, although Shigueno culture systems are also being investigated. Experimental work with six 18 m × 1.5 m raceways demonstrated that low water exchange rates (1 tank volume/day), combined with high aeration (9.5 liter/min) yielded the highest shrimp biomass. Unheated greenhouse structures constructed over the raceways showed that a single layer of 0.25 mm clear plastic sheeting could maintain water temperatures up to 2.7°C above those in unenclosed tanks. Rearing trials in two Shigueno tank systems demonstrated the importance of high water flow rates (3 tank volumes/day minimum) and adequate aeration. Due to sub‐optimal conditions, survival was reduced to 7.5%, however, growth rates up to 6 g/month were obtained for P. semisulcatus.
POND STUDIES ON GULF KILLIFISH (Fundulus grandis) MARICULTURE
Authors: Trimble William C. , Tatum Walter M. , Styron Sherman A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractInvestigations concerning spawning, hatching, and grow‐out of gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) were conducted in 0.08‐ha, brackish‐water ponds at Alabama's Claude Peteet Mariculture Center during 1979. Adult gulf killifish stocked at 88,750 fish/ha and a 1:1 sex ratio in 3 spawning ponds deposited 499,777 eggs on 1,001 Spanish moss mats placed around pond margins between 1 March and 13 August. Rate of egg deposition was highest in March (4,103 eggs/day/pond) and lowest in July and August (36 eggs/day/pond). A total of 293,467 eggs and 416 mats transferred to 3 hatching ponds between 13 March and 8 May produced 219,921 juvenile killifish (75% survival) averaging 0.5 g at harvest on 6 June. Production and feed conversion in hatching ponds averaged 413.90 kg/ha and 1.9, respectively. Stocked on 6 June in 4 grow‐out ponds each at either 250,000 or 370,000 fish/ha and fed either 2 or 3 times daily, the juvenile gulf killifish reached marketable size (2.4 g and 57 mm total length) in 49 days. Production in grow‐out ponds averaged 658 kg/ha with 93% survival and 2.4 feed conversion. Analysis (2 × 2 factorial) of grow‐out data indicated no significant differences for effects of densities and feeding on mean weights of fish at harvest.
RESEARCH ON REARING TURBOT (Scophthalmus maximus): RESULTS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Ruyet J. Person‐Le , L'Elchat D. , Nedelec G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAt the Centre Océanologique de Bretagne, a research program on turbot rearing has been in progress for several years. The life cycle is now under control. Up to 10,000 3‐month‐old juveniles can be produced per natural or shifted spawning season. Attention is now focused on the first week stages. Obtaining an average survival of 10% from hatching up to 3 months is still difficult. Weaning generally starts in 30‐day‐old larvae (75 mg wet weight) and the gross mortality during weaning is near 50%. Three‐month‐old juveniles weigh about 2 g.In Brittany, culture necessarily begins in a nursery using heated water. The grow‐out period begins between 5 and 20 g: 5 g when winter is over, 20 g when winter is coming. At this stage they can grow either in tanks or in floating sea‐cages and they may be fed dry pellets. After 20 g, moist foods containing at least 25%, on dry basis, of trashed fish are more efficient. Pure trashed fish also gives good results. The food conversion ratio is about 1 (dry food weight/wet weight fish gain).The first data on turbot growth in intensive conditions are encouraging. In our area, annual temperature of the open sea ranges from 7 to 18°C allowing an average weight gain of 1 kg at 2 years and 2 kg (3 kg in the best case) at 3 years of age. Control of spawning season is still necessary to obtain a good market size of about 2 kg of body weight in less than 3 years.
A STUDY ON THE MASS MORTALITY OF MUSSELS IN THE LAGUNA VENETA
Authors: Munford J. G. , DaRos L. , Strada R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA digenetic trematode, Cercaria tenuans, was the probable causative agent of an extensive mortality of cultured mussels (Mytilus edulis = gallo‐provincialis) in the southern part of the Laguna Veneta, Italy. Sporocysts of C. tenuans occurred in the mantle tissue, the visceral mass and in the extra‐pallial fluid space between the mantle and the shell. Germballs and apparently viable cercaria, or daughter sporocysts, were observed in the sporocysts. Other microscopic parasites were found in low numbers.
MALAYSIAN PRAWN CULTURE IN BRACKISH WATER PONDS IN LOUISIANA
Authors: Perry W. Guthrie , Tarver Johnnie W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBeginning on May 13, 1980, prawns were cultured at the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge for 140 days from postlarvae and fed. Production in ponds receiving Ralston Purina Experimental Marine Ration #25 averaged 408 kg/ha, 619 kg/ha and 510 kg/ha for the respective replicated stocking densities of 2.5/m2, 4.9/m2 and 7.4/m2. Average feed conversion factors were 1.0, 1.0 and 1.5. Average prawn weights at harvest decreased with increased stocking density and were 21 g, 17 g and 12 g, respectively. Production per pond ranged from 390 kg/ha to 832 kg/ha. An average of 77% of prawns stocked at 2.5/m2 exceeded 115 mm TL whereas the stocking densities of 4.9/m2 and 7.4/m2 yielded only 32% and 31% over 115 mm.Extra postlarvae remaining after the stocking requirements for the feeding study were met permitting additional tests. Stocking rates selected for these additional studies were 1.2/m2, 2.5/m2 and 3.7/m2. Prawns in these ponds received no supplemental feed and yielded harvests of 124 kg/ha, 224 kg/ha and 292 kg/ha, respectively. These treatments, the first two of which were not replicated, resulted in production similar to that of an earlier study of prawn production on natural forage in brackish ponds at this facility. Average prawn sizes at harvest were 18 g, 15 g and 12 g, and were inversely related to stocking densities.
THE ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION AND CULTURE OF BEAR SHRIMP, Penaeus semisulcatus de HAAN, IN HONG KONG
Authors: Tseng Wen‐young , Cheng Wo‐wing 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPenaeus semisulcatus (bear shrimp) was used for biological and culture studies. A peak of reproductive periodicity was shown in the months of May, June and July. Increase in body weight and in gonad weight coincided with the increase in sea water temperature. This suggested that sexual maturation might be a direct response to increased sea water temperature. Fecundity of mature female shrimp was estimated as 415,000 to 479,000 ova.In most cases, half‐spent spawnings led to the production of poor eggs, characterized by irregular cytoplasmic formation and final autolysis. The embryonic and larval development of P. semisulcatus proceeded satisfactorily in a slightly alkaline medium (pH range from 7.5–8.5), and in water of salinity ranging from 28 to 35 ppt for egg and nauplius stages, and thereafter 25–35 ppt for zoea and mysis stages.The shrimps exhibited faster increase in body length than body weight in early growth. Later, after the shrimps had reached a body length of about 7.0 cm, the growth rate of body weight increased more markedly than body length. The rate of daily increase in weight was 1.01% in 7.0 cm shrimp. The feed efficiency of the formulated shrimp pellets was found to be 31.4%.During the nutritional study of P. semisulcatus, it was found that the combination of high dietary protein (about 40%) and low dietary lipid produced best growth and survival of bear shrimp. High increase of biomass of the shrimp fed with clam meat and high quality fish meal demonstrated the favorable response of shrimp to these diets. The use of cages for culturing bear shrimp was found to be practicable, but not efficient.
DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A LARGE‐SCALE, COMMERCIAL PENAEID SHRIMP HATCHERY
Authors: Simon Clyde M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA hatchery for the rearing of penaeid larvae and postlarvae in raceway‐type tanks was designed and has begun operation. Details of the designs of tanks, filters, water systems, air system, and hatchery layout are presented. The culture methods employed in the raceway‐type hatchery are given along with the hatchery's technical organization and management procedures. The design and operation of the raceway‐type hatchery are compared with those of small‐tank (Galveston‐type) hatcheries and large‐tank (Japanese‐type) hatcheries, and relative advantages are discussed.
USE OF A SEINE TO DETECT STUNTED CRAWFISH POPULATIONS IN PONDS, A PRELIMINARY REPORT1
Authors: Momot Walter T. , Romaire Robert P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA 4.5‐m long bag seine was used to sample crawfish from six 0.04 ha experimental ponds. Length‐frequency histograms were evaluated as a predictor of size structure and to detect stunted populations of crawfish. The findings demonstrated importance of determining size structure of crawfish in predicting stunting and harvest potential of a population. Distinct differences in size structure of crawfish populations were apparent by 6 and 12 weeks after flooding ponds. Crawfish populations, with over 45% of the individuals exceeding 75 mm total length after 12 weeks, produced 25 to 30% greater yields than populations in which less than 5% of the crawfish exceeded 75 mm at 12 weeks post‐flooding.
FRESHWATER PRAWN HARVESTING: A COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS
Authors: Peterson Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThree methods of harvesting Hawaiian freshwater prawn ponds are described: 1) Traditional (also called “Fuji,” after Fujimura, or “hukilau,” Hawaiian for community net fishing)‐A seine is maneuvered around the pond by workers in the water who drag the net lead line with their feet as they encircle the catch. The seine is then closed into a bag and the prawns are removed. 2) Modified seining‐A seine which spans the width of the pond is pulled from both ends simultaneously by tractors. The seine is pulled from one end of the pond to the other, concentrating the catch in the bag or live car enclosure. 3) Drain harvesting‐Water is drained from the pond by gravity or by pumping, the screen is removed from the catch basin and a fish pump is used to pump the prawns into a dewatering box. The prawns are then transferred to holding tanks for sorting.The efficiencies and cost effectiveness of all three methods are discussed with recommendations relative to farm size.
THE ASSIMILATION OF PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATE FROM PREPARED DIETS BY THE SHRIMP,Penaeus stylirostris
Authors: Fenucci Jorge L. , de Fenucci Alicia Casal , Lawrence Addison L. , Zein‐Eldin Zoula P. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAssimilation (apparent digestibility and absorption) of protein and carbohydrate from selected diets was tested usingPenaeus stylirostris. The largest shrimp (approximately 10 g) assimilated squid meal proteins better than α‐soy protein but smaller shrimp (1.3 and 3.8 g) did not. All sizes assimilated protein from diets containing α‐soy better than those containing brewer's yeast. Carbohydrate assimilation was less efficient than protein for all diets. There was no relation between carbohydrate and protein assimilation and the percentage in the diets over the limited range tested. Although assimilation of these two groups of compounds was greater in the larger shrimp, there was no correlation between the growth and protein and carbohydrate assimilation for the diets tested for similar size animals of the same species.
POLYCULTURE EXPERIMENTS OF POMPANO Trachinotus carolinus (CARANGIDAE) AND SPOTTED RED SHRIMP Penaeus brasiliensis (PENAEIDAE) IN CONCRETE PONDS, MARGARITA ISLAND, VENEZUELA
Authors: Gomez Alfredo , Scelzo Marcelo A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSince 1978, polyculture experiments of pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) and shrimp have been conducted in the Centro de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela. Experiments are carried out in circular concrete ponds (28 m2) with running seawater (salinity 37–39 ppt and temperature 26.4–30.9°C) and constant aeration. In the first experiment (September‐December 1978) pompano and shrimp were stocked at a density of 10/m2 and were fed with Tivela mactroides (Mollusca, Pelecipoda) “guacuco” pellet of 60% crude protein. Pompano 0.22±0.1 g reached after 75 days 40.6±25.6 g with food conversion of 6.59 and 17.14% survival; shrimp 1.3±0.4 g reached a weight of 5.7±0.9 g and 2.68% survival during 75 days. The common food conversion was 7.57.The second experiment (June‐August 1981) was carried out in tanks with a false bottom. Pompano and shrimp were stocked at densities of 5 and 10/m2 respectively, and were fed with a pellet named GSCA (42.8% crude protein). Pompano 4.0±1.1 g reached 62.1±10.3 g after 75 days of culture, the food conversion and survival being 3.1 and 64.29%, respectively. Shrimp stocked at 3.6±0.6 g reached 8.9±1.8 g after 75 days, and feed conversion was 10.7 with 54% survival. The common feed conversion for pompano and shrimp was 6.6. After 75 days of culture the high mortality of pompano was due to the infection of branchial parasites, the protozoa Amyloodinium ocellatum and the trematode Bicotylophora trachinoti.
CULTURE OF THE BLACK MANGROVE (Avicennia qerminans) IN A CLOSED SYNTHETIC SEAWATER SYSTEM
Authors: Hoff F. H. , Frakes T. A. , Hoff W. G. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTBlack mangrove (Avicennia germinans) were grown from seed in a closed synthetic seawater system to a maximum height of 165 cm and trunk diameter of 20 mm in 24 months. Plants were maintained in glass aquaria in 63 mm of crushed coral and shell substrate and received continual flow from a 28,387 liter system. Seedlings were planted in aquaria 18, 30 and 46 cm deep but only those in 18 cm aquaria survived. The entire system is housed in a modified greenhouse and only ambient light was provided. Average salinity was 27 ppt (range 17–34 ppt), temperature 26.2°C (range 21.3 to 30°C), pH 8.05 (range 7.8‐8.3), nitrate‐N 52.3 ppm (range 38–66 ppm) and phosphate‐P 0.568 ppm (range 0.078‐1.080 ppm). Additions of a trace metal solution were made during the last 14 months.
CASE STUDY OF TWO SMALL‐SCALE TILAPIA PROCESSING OPERATIONS
Authors: Nelson Robert G. , Behrends Leslie L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTPreliminary case studies indicate that a wide range of labor efficiencies may exist among tilapia processing operations. Efficient use of personnel on the processing line seems to be as important as skill or experience in improving labor efficiency. Processing rate and dressout percentage are used with information on costs and prices from the literature to estimate the minimum quantity of tilapia necessary to support a processing plant and the unit cost of processing at that level. The implications are discussed with respect to the integration of tilapia into existing fish farming, processing, and marketing practices in the southeastern United States.
SEASONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL AMERICAN LOBSTERS (Homarus americanus)
Authors: Aiken D. E. , Rowe W. J. , Martin‐Robichaud D. J. , Waddy S. L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTPrevious experiments showed that larval lobsters reared in culture tanks survived better and developed faster in very short days. Further study has revealed that this phenomenon is modified by season of the year. Larvae have been hatched and reared to Fourth Stage at LD 01:23, LD 12:12 and LD 23:01 in standard planktonkriesels at constant 20°C during each month from February through September. In winter and early spring, best survival was obtained with very short photophase (LD 01:23). In May and June, survival was better in the intermediate daylength (LD 12:12). Rate of development to Fourth Stage also was affected by season. Mean time to 80% metamorphosis was shorter in LD 01:23 in spring and in LD 23:01 in late summer. In general, larvae hatched in late summer took longer to reach Fourth Stage than those hatched in spring. However, size at Fourth Stage did not appear to be influenced by either season or photoperiod.
LARGE‐SCALE, COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF PENAEID SHRIMP MATURATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Simon Clyde M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTA maturation facility was designed and constructed to provide spawners for the year‐round hatchery operations at a minimum output of 5 million P10postlarvae per month. Maturation is carried out in 3.65‐m diameter tanks stocked with 70–75 brood‐stock shrimp of reproductive size at a 1:1 sex ratio. Females are unilaterally ablated. Tank interiors are black; no substrate is used. Filtered seawater at 28–32 ppt salinity, 27–31°C temperature is continuously exchanged at a rate of 100–250% per day. Only artificial light is available. Photoperiod is 14 hours light, 10 hours dark daily.Penaeus monodonbrood stock are obtained from the wild and from ponds operated specifically for the rearing of brood stock. Diet in the maturation tanks consists mainly of squid and clams. Spawning histories of individual females are not monitored; the operational unit is the maturation tank, of which 18 were available. Productivity is monitored and evaluated in terms of percent hatch, total numher of nauplii and percent survival to the first protozoeal substage. Eggs with an average hatching rate of 62% are being obtained daily resulting in a yield of 0.4‐1.0 million viable nauplii per day. Details of the design of the facilities and of the methods and operating procedures developed are given, and production results are discussed.
THE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE RABBITFISH IN HONG KONG
Authors: Tseng W. Y. , Chan K. L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe mariculture enterprise of Hong Kong is expanding and many varieties of fish, among them Siganus canaliculatus, are being cultured in cages. Investigations show that the siganids have a definite spawning period from March to June. This finding is based on such aspects as stage of oogenesis, development of oocyte to maturity and seasonal variation of oocyte maturation. From statistical analysis, a 1:1 ratio has been found between the male and female during reproduction. The fecundity studies showed that about half a million eggs are produced and fecundity varies with fish size. The gonadosomatic index also indicates that March to June is the period of reproduction of S. canaliculatus in Hong Kong waters.
THE POLYCULTURE OFPenaeus stylirostrisSTIMPSON ANDPenaeus aztecusIN TANKS
Authors: Rubino A. J. , Lawrence A. L. , Zein‐Eldin Z. P. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTPenaeus aztecus, obtained from the wild, and hatchery‐rearedP. stylirostriswere placed together in 65 liter tanks in 5 ratios (0:100, 25: 75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0). Two experiments were done. The first experiment consisted of 4 replicates of each ratio at 20°C and 30°C and 2 replicates of each of the 100% tanks at 25°C. Initial size ofP. aztecusandP. stylirostriswere 0.12 and 0.07 g, respectively. In the second experiment initial sizes of the wildP. aztecusand pond‐rearedP. stylirostriswere 1.30 and 0.89 g, respectively. The second experiment consisted of 4 replicates of each ratio at 25°C. The mean weight gain, mortality and biomass (actual and that expected on the basis of monoculture) were calculated.In the first experiment, the 50% treatment had the highest mean weight gain for both species, In both experiments, decreasing numbers ofP. aztecus(increasing numbers ofP. stylirostris) in a treatment resulted in a better growth ofP. aztecusin the treatment. The survival of both species decreased as the percentage ofP. aztecusincreased. Survival was influenced by temperature, density, and species interactions. The largest difference between actual and expected biomass was found to be forP. aztecusat 30°C, notably in the 75%P. aztecustreatment.P. aztecusdoes not seem to be influenced by the presence ofP. stylirostrisas much asP. stylirostrisis influenced byP. aztecusin the same tank.
POLYCULTURE OF THE PRAWN, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, WITH FINGERLING AND ADULT CATFISH, Ictalurus punctatus, AND CHINESE CARPS, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix AND Ctenopharyngodon idella, IN EARTHEN PONDS IN SOUTH LOUISIANA
Authors: Miltner M. R. , Granados A. , Romaire R. , Avault J. W. , Ra'anan Z. , Cohen D. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTA study was conducted to determine the feasibility of growing the giant prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in polyculture with channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fingerlings and adults. Nursed juvenile prawns, 0.5‐1 g, were stocked in 18 0.04 ha ponds at 2,500/ha. Eight ponds were stocked with 0.05 g catfish fry at 100,000/ha or 200,000/ha; eight ponds received 13 g catfish fingerlings at 3,700 or 7,400/ha. Two ponds received prawns only as a control. Prawn survival from all ponds averaged 96%, and in no case was survival less than 84%. Prawn survival was not affected by the size or stocking density of catfish. Prawn yields averaged 170 kg/ha after a 107‐day grow‐out period. Overall, males averaged 87±25.3 g and females 55±13.9 g at harvest. Prawn yields and male weight at harvest were independent of catfish stocking size and stocking density. Harvest weight of individual female prawns was affected by catfish treatment. Prawn morphotypic profile was independent of catfish stocking treatment. Average adult catfish survival and yield were 52% and 1,305 kg/ha at the high stocking density, and 51% and 735 kg/ha at the low stocking density. Fingerling catfish survival and yield in fry‐stocked ponds averaged 41% and 963 kg/ha at the high density and 50% and 603 kg/ha at the low stocking densities. Poor catfish performance was not believed to be related to the presence of prawns.
THE GROWTH OF Macrobrachium rosenbergii FED COMMERCIAL FEEDS IN POND CAGES
Authors: Stanley R. W. , Moore L. B. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTA number of commercially available prawn and shrimp diets were tested in situ in response to a Hawaiian prawn industry mandate to conduct such an investigation under experimental conditions. In trial 1, feeds were delivered to juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii (initial weight 1.9 g) in cages within a commercial prawn pond. Animals were stocked at a density of 10/m2 and fed at a rate of 5% of body weight daily for 10 weeks. There were 5 replicates in each treatment; group weights were taken. Diets varied in ingredients, leading to varying nutrient composition and degree of water stability. There was no statistical difference among 4 diets in promoting the highest average prawn gain of approximately 9 g. However, one of the 4 diets gave the highest increase in biomass (approximately 80 g). Best growth was seen on 27% protein/low water stability ration, followed in order by more water stable feeds of 41%, 28% and 44% protein. To evaluate the effect of water stability of different quality feeds on prawn production, trial 2 tested 3 commercial aquatic feeds in two forms each: 1) bound and water stable, and 2) unbound and less water stable. Fifty‐fifty combinations of the feeds in the two forms were also used. The trial was conducted as described in trial 1. There was no difference in growth of prawns fed bound or unbound forms of a given diet, nor among those fed the 3 types of feed. Results are applicable to animals of this size, reared in cages at this standing crop and fed at this rate.