bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The N400 as a snapshot of interactive processing: Evidence from regression analyses of orthographic neighbor and lexical associate effects
Authors: Laszlo Sarah , Federmeier Kara D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLinking print with meaning tends to be divided into subprocesses, such as recognition of an input's lexical entry and subsequent access of semantics. However, recent results suggest that the set of semantic features activated by an input is broader than implied by a view wherein access serially follows recognition. EEG was collected from participants who viewed items varying in number and frequency of both orthographic neighbors and lexical associates. Regression analysis of single item ERPs replicated past findings, showing that N400 amplitudes are greater for items with more neighbors, and further revealed that N400 amplitudes increase for items with more lexical associates and with higher frequency neighbors or associates. Together, the data suggest that in the N400 time window semantic features of items broadly related to inputs are active, consistent with models in which semantic access takes place in parallel with stimulus recognition.
Sleep state instabilities in major depressive disorder: Detection and quantification with electrocardiogram‐based cardiopulmonary coupling analysis
Authors: Yang Albert C. , Yang Cheng‐Hung , Hong Chen‐Jee , Tsai Shih‐Jen , Kuo Chung‐Hsun , Peng Chung‐Kang , Mietus Joseph E. , Goldberger Ary L. , Thomas Robert J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSleep disruption is an important aspect of major depressive disorder but lacks an objective and inexpensive means of assessment. We evaluated the utility of electrocardiogram (ECG)‐based cardiopulmonary coupling analysis to quantify physiologic sleep stability in patients with major depression. Relative to controls, unmedicated depressed patients had a reduction in high‐frequency coupling, an index of stable sleep, an increase in low‐frequency coupling, an index of unstable sleep, and an increase in very‐low‐frequency coupling, an index of wakefulness/REM sleep. The medicated depressed group showed a restoration of stable sleep to a level comparable with that of the control group. ECG‐based cardiopulmonary coupling analysis may provide a simple, cost‐efficient point‐of‐care method to quantify sleep quality/stability and to objectively evaluate the severity of insomnia in patients with major depression.
EEG power changes reflect distinct mechanisms during long‐term memory retrieval
Authors: Khader Patrick H. , Rösler Frank 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe roles of theta and alpha oscillations for long‐term memory (LTM) retrieval are still under debate. Both are modulated by LTM retrieval demands, but it is unclear what specific LTM functions they are related to. Here, different oscillatory correlates of LTM retrieval could be obtained for theta and alpha with a paradigm that is suited to monitor the activation of a varying number of material‐specific LTM representations. Both frequency bands responded parametrically to the number of retrieved items. However, only the alpha effect dissociated topographically for material type, indicating that the activation of material‐specific representations became systematically modulated. For theta, this effect was material‐unspecific with mid‐frontal topography. These results suggest that alpha is functionally related to the activation of stored information, whereas theta is a sign of retrieval‐related control processes.
Copper T380A intrauterine device for emergency contraception: a prospective, multicentre, cohort clinical trial
Authors: Wu S , Godfrey EM , Wojdyla D , Dong J , Cong J , Wang C , von Hertzen H 
Published: July 2010

Please cite this paper as: Wu S, Godfrey E, Wojdyla D, Dong J, Cong J, Wang C, von Hertzen H. Copper T380A intrauterine device for emergency contraception: a prospective, multicentre, cohort clinical trial. BJOG 2010;117:1205–1210.Objective  To determine the effectiveness of the Copper T380A (CuT380A) intrauterine device (IUD) as an emergency contraceptive in women.Design  Prospective, multicentre, cohort clinical trial.Setting  Eighteen family planning clinics in China.Sample  A cohort of 1963 women, aged 18–44 years, requesting emergency contraception within 120 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse.Methods  Women requesting emergency contraception were followed at 1, 3 and 12 months after the insertion of CuT380A.Main outcome measures  Efficacy of CuT380A as emergency contraception and for up to 12 months of postinsertion use. Insertion complication rates, reported side‐effects and continuation rates at 12 months were also recorded.Results  No pregnancies occurred prior to or at the first follow‐up visit, making CuT380A 100% effective as emergency contraception in this study. The pregnancy rate over the 12‐month period was 0.23 per 100 women. In all, 29 (1.5%) women experienced a difficult IUD insertion process, requiring local anaesthesia or prophylactic antibiotics. No uterine perforations occurred. The main side‐effects were increased menstrual bleeding and menstrual disturbances. The 12‐month postinsertion continuation rate was 94.0 per 100 woman‐years.Conclusions  CuT380A is a safe and effective method for emergency contraception. The advantages of CuT380A include its ability to provide effective, long‐term contraception.
Amniotic fluid embolism in an Australian population‐based cohort
Authors: Roberts CL , Algert CS , Knight M , Morris JM 
Published: July 2010

Please cite this paper as: Roberts C, Algert C, Knight M, Morris J. Amniotic fluid embolism in an Australian population‐based cohort. BJOG 2010;117:1417–1421.We utilised linked birth, hospital and death data for the entire population to determine the incidence of amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) and its mortality and morbidity. AFE diagnoses were identified from International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD10)‐coded hospital and/or death records with additional case definition criteria imposed. The AFE incidence was 3.3 per 100 000 (95% CI, 1.9–4.7), maternal fatality rate 35% (95% CI, 15–59) and perinatal mortality rate 32% (95% CI, 12–56). Newly identified risk factors included induction with vaginal prostaglandin and manual removal of the placenta, and survivors were at increased risk of cerebral infarction. Although two‐thirds of women and infants survived, AFE also caused severe morbidity.
First‐time pregnant women’s experience of the decision‐making process related to completing or terminating pregnancy – a phenomenological study
Authors: Kjelsvik Marianne , Gjengedal Eva 
Published: July 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 169–175

Pregnant and ambivalent. First‐time pregnant women’s experience of the decision‐making process related to completing or terminating pregnancy – a phenomenological study Every year about 30 000 women in Norway become unexpectedly pregnant and have to decide whether to complete or terminate the pregnancy. Few studies have been performed of these women’s experiences. The aim of this qualitative study was to get new and more extensive information regarding women’s experiences relating to their considerations of whether to terminate a pregnancy in the first trimester. In‐depth interviews with four participants between 25 and 32 years were conducted. None of them had previously given birth or had had an abortion. Each woman was interviewed twice during a period of 2 weeks. The first interview took place between 7 and 11 weeks into the pregnancy. None of the women had reached a decision on whether to complete or terminate the pregnancy. All the women described an increased awareness of their body and a struggle to make ‘the right decision’. They described a desire for autonomy as well as a need for understanding and acknowledgement from significant others and health care providers. They experienced a tension between their pregnant body and the surrounding world, between their own body and the foetus and between their own choice and the opinions of others. One consequence of a woman’s right to choose can be an unwanted loneliness or giving in to other people’s choices. There is consequently a need for professionals who are able to exercise skilled judgement and who are aware of their own power in the relationship so as to assure that the pregnant woman does in fact makes her own decision.
Extraendothelial and constitutive COX‐2 expression is involved in the contractile effect of angiotensin II in the rat aorta
Authors: Castillo‐Hernández M. C. , Martinez‐Godinez M. A. , Guevara‐Balcazar G. , Miliar‐Garcia A. , Mancilla J. , Lopez‐Mayorga R. M. , Castillo‐Henkel E. F. , Castillo‐Henkel C. 
Published: July 2010

Summary1 The role of the extraendothelial and constitutive isoforms of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in the contractile effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) was investigated using thoracic and abdominal aortic rings without endothelium from young Wistar rats.2 Ang II elicited similar contractions in both aortic segments, and the effect was inhibited by pretreatment with NS398 (a selective COX‐2 inhibitor) but not SC‐560 [selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐1 (COX‐1) inhibitor].3 COX‐2 mRNA was expressed under basal conditions in both aortic segments. Additionally, Ang II increased COX‐2 mRNA expression in the abdominal but not the thoracic segment, while cycloheximide (a protein synthesis inhibitor) did not affect the contractile response to Ang II in either of the two segments; this suggests that the effect is not associated with de novo COX‐2 synthesis.4 In conclusion, the basal amount of COX‐2 found in aortic smooth muscle cells is sufficient to explain the production of the prostanoids related to the contractile effect of Ang II. The production of these prostanoids, which are derived from constitutive COX‐2, occurs independently of the endothelium vascular system.
Cyclophilin D links programmed cell death and organismal aging in Podospora anserina
Authors: Brust Diana , Daum Bertram , Breunig Christine , Hamann Andrea , Kühlbrandt Werner , Osiewacz Heinz D. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryCyclophilin D (CYPD) is a mitochondrial peptidyl prolyl‐cis,trans‐isomerase involved in opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). CYPD abundance increases during aging in mammalian tissues and in the aging model organism Podospora anserina. Here, we show that treatment of the P. anserina wild‐type with low concentrations of the cyclophilin inhibitor cyclosporin A (CSA) extends lifespan. Transgenic strains overexpressing PaCypD are characterized by reduced stress tolerance, suffer from pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction and are characterized by accelerated aging and induction of cell death. Treatment with CSA leads to correction of mitochondrial function and lifespan to that of the wild‐type. In contrast, PaCypD deletion strains are not affected by CSA within the investigated concentration range and show increased resistance against inducers of oxidative stress and cell death. Our data provide a mechanistic link between programmed cell death (PCD) and organismal aging and bear implications for the potential use of CSA to intervene into biologic aging.
Inhibition of vascular ectonucleotidase activities by the pro‐drugs ticlopidine and clopidogrel favours platelet aggregation
Authors: Lecka Joanna , Rana Manjit Singh , Sévigny Jean 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE After conversion to their active forms by the liver, ticlopidine and clopidogrel exert antiplatelet effects through irreversible inhibition of the P2Y12 receptor. Concentrations of nucleotides such as ADP, the physiological agonist at platelet P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors, are regulated by vascular ectonucleotidases, mainly nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase)1 and ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase. Here we evaluate the effect of these pro‐drugs on vascular ectonucleotidase activity and on the natural function of these enzymes in regulating platelet aggregation.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Nucleotidase assays were performed by HPLC and by Pi determination, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and protein extracts from transfected COS‐7 cells as sources of enzymes. Platelet aggregation was assayed using human platelet‐rich plasma.KEY RESULTS Each pro‐drug inhibited endothelial ectonucleotidase activities and decreased their ability to block platelet aggregation in vitro. At their therapeutic concentrations, ticlopidine (60 µM) and clopidogrel (20 µM) inhibited ADP hydrolysis by HUVEC by about 80%, and AMP hydrolysis by one‐third. Accordingly, these compounds showed a mixed‐type inhibition of recombinant human NTPDase1 with an apparent Ki (Ki,app) of 10 µM (clopidogrel) and 14 µM (ticlopidine). Recombinant rat ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase, but not its human orthologue, was inhibited by ticlopidine with a Ki,app of 4.5 mM.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These pro‐drugs facilitated platelet aggregation via the inhibition of vascular NTPDase1 in vitro. Further studies should be performed to assess whether this effect also occurs in vivo, especially at the beginning of treatment, before sufficient levels of active metabolites are produced by the liver.
Apnoeic–hypopnoeic episodes during obstructive sleep apnoea are associated with histological nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Mishra Poonam , Nugent Clarke , Afendy Arian , Bai Chunhong , Bhatia Priya , Afendy Mariam , Fang Yun , Elariny Hazem , Goodman Zachary , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obstructive sleep apnoea are associated with metabolic syndrome and atherosclerotic heart disease. This study evaluates the potential association between the NAFLD subtypes and a number of polysomnographical (PSG) parameters.Methods: This study included patients undergoing bariatric surgery with extensive clinical and histological data for whom complete PSG data before surgery were also available. Excess alcohol intake and other causes of liver disease were excluded. Apnoea, hypopnoea and apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) were calculated as described previously.Results: In this study, a total of 101 patients [77 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and 22 non‐NASH controls] with PSG data were included (age 42.9 ± 11.4 years, body mass index 51.6 ± 9.5 kg/m2, fasting serum glucose 117.4 ± 53.4 mg/dl, fasting serum triglycerides 171.3 ± 82.9 mg/dl, 58% hypertension and 33% diabetes mellitus). Subjects with histological NASH had significantly lower lowest desaturation (77 vs. 85%, P=0.006), lower mean nocturnal oxygen saturation (91 vs. 93%, P=0.05), higher AHI (35 vs. 22, P=0.03), higher respiratory disturbance index (46 vs. 21, P=0.02) and higher alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase ratio (1.4 vs. 1.3, P=0.05) compared with non‐NASH controls. In multivariate analysis, the lowest desaturation (P=0.04) was independently associated with histological NASH. Lowest desaturation and mean nocturnal oxygen saturation were significantly lower in subjects with fibrosis (76 vs. 85%, P=0.004 and 90.4 vs. 93.0%, P=0.02).Conclusions: Our results suggest that the frequent nocturnal hypoxic episodes in NAFLD patients may be a risk factor for developing NASH. Additional studies are needed to study the effect of optimizing sleep apnoea management on the outcomes of patients with NAFLD.
At the Intersection of Social and Cognitive Development: Internal Working Models of Attachment in Infancy
Authors: Johnson Susan C. , Dweck Carol S. , Chen Frances S. , Stern Hilarie L. , Ok Su‐Jeong , Barth Maria 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree visual habituation studies using abstract animations tested the claim that infants’ attachment behavior in the Strange Situation procedure corresponds to their expectations about caregiver–infant interactions. Three unique patterns of expectations were revealed. Securely attached infants expected infants to seek comfort from caregivers and expected caregivers to provide comfort. Insecure‐resistant infants not only expected infants to seek comfort from caregivers but also expected caregivers to withhold comfort. Insecure‐avoidant infants expected infants to avoid seeking comfort from caregivers and expected caregivers to withhold comfort. These data support Bowlby’s (1958) original claims—that infants form internal working models of attachment that are expressed in infants’ own behavior.
Are All Trauma Centers Created Equally? A Statewide Analysis
Authors: Cudnik Michael T. , Sayre Michael R. , Hiestand Brian , Steinberg Steven M. 
Published: July 2010

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:701–708 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  Prior work has shown differences in mortality at different levels of trauma centers (TCs). There are limited data comparing mortality of equivalently verified TCs. This study sought to assess the potential differences in mortality as well as discharge destination (discharge to home vs. to a rehabilitation center or skilled nursing facility) across Level I TCs in the state of Ohio.Methods:  This was a retrospective, multicenter, statewide analysis of a state trauma registry of American College of Surgeons (ACS)‐verified Level I TCs from 2003 to 2006. All adult (>15 years) patients transferred from the scene to one of the 10 Level I TCs throughout the state were included (n = 16,849). Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to assess for differences in mortality, keeping each TC as a fixed‐effect term and adjusting for patient demographics, injury severity, mechanism of injury, and emergency medical services and emergency department procedures. Outcomes included in‐hospital mortality and discharge destination (home vs. rehabilitation center or skilled nursing facility). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for each TC were also calculated.Results:  Considerable variability existed in unadjusted mortality between the centers, from 3.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.7% to 3.9%) to 24.2% (95% CI = 24.1% to 24.3%), despite similar patient characteristics and injury severity. Adjusted mortality had similar variability as well, ranging from an OR of 0.93 (95% CI = 0.47 to 1.84) to an OR of 6.02 (95% CI= 3.70 to 9.79). Similar results were seen with the secondary outcomes (discharge destination).Conclusions:  There is considerable variability in the mortality of injured patients at Level I TCs in the state of Ohio. The patient differences or care processes responsible for this variation should be explored.
Pediatric Emergency Physician Opinions on Ankle Radiograph Clinical Decision Rules
Authors: Boutis Kathy , Constantine Erika , Schuh Suzanne , Pecaric Martin , Stephens Derek , Narayanan Unni G. 
Published: July 2010

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:709–717 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  The Low Risk Ankle Rule (LRAR) is a validated clinical decision rule (CDR) about the indications for ankle radiographs in children with acute blunt ankle trauma. Although application of the LRAR has the potential to safely reduce the rate of ankle radiography by 60%, current x‐ray rates in most emergency departments (EDs) in the United States and Canada remain unnecessarily high (85%–100%). To evaluate this gap between knowledge and practice, physicians who treat pediatric ankle injuries in EDs were surveyed to determine physician awareness and use of the LRAR, acceptability of the LRAR as measured by the Ottawa Acceptability for Decision Rules Scale (OADRS), and perceived barriers to the use of a validated pediatric ankle x‐ray rule.Methods:  An on‐line survey of members of two national pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physician associations in the United States and Canada was conducted using a modified Dillman technique.Results:  Response rates were 75.6% (149/197) in Canada and 45.7% (352/770) in the United States, yielding an aggregate rate of 51.8%. Only 119 of 478 respondents (24.9%) had heard of the LRAR, and 53 of 432 (12.3%) were sufficiently familiar with the LRAR to apply it. The LRAR scored a mean (± standard deviation [SD]) OADRS score of 4.28 out of 6 (±0.67), comparable to published OADRS scores for two well‐known CDRs used in adults. Of the respondents, 434 of 471 (92.1%) at least “slightly agreed” that ankle x‐ray CDRs would be useful in their practice, with no significant differences between the two sides of the border (p = 0.28). Ankle x‐ray rules were felt to save time by 342 (72.6%) of the participants, and the pediatric ankle exam was considered easy enough to apply a CDR by 306 (65.0%). The most common barriers reported for use of any ankle x‐ray rule included perceived reduction in family satisfaction without imaging in 380 (80.7%), nurse‐initiated x‐ray protocols not based on ankle x‐ray rules in 285 (60.5%), concerns about missing a significant fracture in 248 (52.7%), and a preference for own clinical judgment in 246 (52.2%).Conclusions:  Although the LRAR had a high acceptability score among respondents in this survey, this validated CDR is not widely known and is even less frequently applied by PEM physicians in the United States and Canada. Barriers were identified that will guide efforts to improve the knowledge translation of the LRAR into pediatric EDs.
Use of Quantitative Broad‐based Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection and Identification of Common Bacterial Pathogens in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Rothman Richard , Ramachandran Padmini , Yang Samuel , Hardick Andrew , Won Helen , Kecojevic Aleksandar , Quianzon Celeste , Hsieh Yu‐Hsiang , Gaydos Charlotte 
Published: July 2010

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:741–747 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractBackground:  Conventional laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis based on microscopy followed by culture is time‐consuming and has only moderate sensitivity.Objectives:  The objective was to define the limit of detection (LOD), analytic specificity, and performance characteristics of a broad‐based quantitative multiprobe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid bacterial detection and simultaneous pathogen‐specific identification in patients with suspected meningitis.Methods:  A PCR algorithm consisting of initial broad‐based detection of Eubacteriales by a universal probe, followed by pathogen identification using either pathogen‐specific probes or Gram‐typing probes, was employed to detect pathogens. The 16S rRNA gene, which contains both conserved and variable regions, was chosen as the target. Pathogen‐specific probes were designed for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. Gram‐positive and ‐negative typing probes were designed based on conserved regions across all eubacteria. The LOD and time to detection were assessed by dilutional mocked‐up samples. A total of 108 convenience cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clinical samples obtained from the Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) microbiology laboratory were tested, and results were compared with hospital microbiologic culture reports.Results:  The LOD of the assay ranged from 101 to 102 colony‐forming units (CFU)/mL. Pathogen‐specific probes showed no cross‐reactivity with other organisms. Time to detection was 3 hours. In clinical specimens, the universal probe correctly detected 16 of 22 culture‐positive clinical specimens (sensitivity = 72.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 49.8% to 89.3%), which were all correctly characterized by either pathogen‐specific or Gram‐typing probes. Adjusted sensitivity after removing probable microbiologic laboratory contaminants was 88.9% (95% CI = 65.3% to 98.6%). The universal probe was negative for 86 of 86 culture‐negative specimens.Conclusions:  A broad‐based multiprobe PCR assay demonstrated strong analytic performance characteristics. Findings from a pilot clinical study showed promise in translation to human subjects, supporting potential utility of the assay as an adjunct to traditional diagnostics for early identification of bacterial meningitis.