bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2,3‐Diarylindanones and 2‐Arylindenes from Trisubstituted α,β‐Unsaturated Esters Derived from Highly Strained 2,3‐Diarylcyclopropenones by Ring Opening with Coumarin Derivatives
Authors: Sahoo Tanmoy , Sankaram G. Siva , Madhu Myadari , Sridhar B. , Reddy B. V. Subba 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA novel strategy has been developed for the synthesis of 2,3‐diarylindanones and 2‐arylindenes through the formation of trisubstituted α,β‐unsaturated esters by the ring opening of 2,3‐diarylcyclopropenones in the presence of a catalytic amount of TPP under mild reaction conditions. Initially, PPh3 activates the diarycyclopropenone to generate the phosphonium adduct, which simultaneously reacts with 4‐hydroxycoumarins to afford α,β‐unsaturated esters instead of Wittig olefination. Subsequently, these α,β‐unsaturated esters undergo a smooth Friedel–Crafts‐type cyclization with arenes in the presence of AlCl3 to give a new series of 2,3‐diarylindanones in good to excellent yields. Additionally, the reduction of α,β‐unsaturated esters with NaBH4 followed by acid‐catalyzed cyclization of the resulting allylic alcohols afforded 2‐arylindenes in good yields. This is the first report on the use of α,β‐unsaturated esters as precursors for the synthesis of diarylindanones and arylindenes.
Atropisomeric Properties of 5N‐Benzoyl‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones: Substituent Effects on Rotation around the Ar−N(CO) Axis
Authors: Funaki Kaoru , Tabata Hidetsugu , Inyaku Hiromi , Mori Mizuki , Tasaka Tomohiko , Takahashi Hideyo , Natsugari Hideaki , Oshitari Tetsuta 
Published: April 2024

Abstract5N‐Benzoyl‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones with various substituents were synthesized and their atropisomeric properties were analyzed. For the rotational isomers (E/Z) based on the amide bond [N−C(=O)], the E‐isomers were preferentially formed regardless of the substituents. Atropisomers (aR/aS) due to the Ar−N(CO) (sp2‐sp2) axis were isolated using chiral HPLC, and the rotational barrier (ΔG≠) in thermal isomerization was measured. The rotation barrier about the Ar−N(CO) axis was affected by both the substituents at the C6‐position and the p‐substituents on the benzoyl group. The substituents at C6 (R1) caused both steric and electronic effects. On the other hand, the p‐substituents (R2) on the benzoyl group caused electronic effects: the electron‐donating group (EDG) lowered the ΔG≠ value, whereas the electron‐withdrawing group (EWG) raised it. The ΔG≠ values were linearly correlated with the magnitude of the electronic effect (Hammett σ constants) of functional groups (R2). The EDG causes an increase in the electron density on the carbonyl moiety in the amide, which may disturb the planarity of the amide bond, resulting in a decrease in the ΔG≠ value.
Effect of Tether Length on endo/exo Stereoselectivity in Alkene–Arene meta‐Photocycloaddition Reactions towards the Aphidocolin/Stemodin Scaffolds
Authors: Alshammari Aljazy A. A. , Boyd Joseph W. , Greaves Nicola , Kettle Jason G. , McKendrick John E. , Parker Lewis G. , Russell Andrew T. , Sani Abubakar , Smith Christopher D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntramolecular alkene‐arene meta‐photocycloadditions are powerful transformations that use the enhanced reactivity of photoexcited benzene rings to facilitate addition of an alkene 1,3 across donor groups and form complex three‐dimensional fused‐ring systems from readily accessible starting materials. Intramolecular examples have traditionally been restricted to three‐membered tethers, with cycloaddition resulting from exo‐conformation. However, by judicious tether design we have demonstrated that a four‐membered tether can also proceed in good yield; interestingly, via an endo exciplex (1.2 : 1) enabling access to both natural product skeletons and interesting scaffolds for medicinal chemistry research.
Prognostic impact of erythropoietin‐stimulating agent use during front‐line chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer: A Korean multicenter cohort study
Authors: Shim Seung‐Hyuk , Yang Eun‐Jung , Jang Eun Bi , Lee Seungjun , Kim Hee Seung , Shin Yoon‐Kyung , Lee Shin‐Wha , Chang Chi‐Son , Song Heekyoung , Lee Sung Jong , Kim Jeeyeon , Chang Suk‐Joon , Lim Myong Cheol , Choi Chel Hun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether treatment with erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) for chemotherapy‐induced anemia affects progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients receiving front‐line chemotherapy following surgery for ovarian cancer (OC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients who received front‐line chemotherapy after surgery between 2013 and 2019 at six institutions. The patients were divided according to the use of ESAs during front‐line chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was PFS. The secondary endpoint was the occurrence of thromboembolism. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to compare survival between matched cohorts.ResultsOverall, 2147 patients (433 receiving ESA and 1714 for no‐ESA) were identified, with a median follow‐up of 44.0 months. The ESA group showed a significantly higher proportion of stage III/IV disease (81.8% vs 61.1%; P < 0.001) and postoperative gross residual disease (32.3% vs 21.2%; P < 0.001) than the no‐ESA group. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, the use of ESAs did not affect PFS (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89–1.20; P = 0.661). The incidence of thromboembolism was 10.2% in the ESA group and 4.6% in the no‐ESA group (adjusted odds ratio, 6.58; 95% CI: 3.26–13.28; P < 0.001). When comparing the well‐matched cohorts after PSM, PFS did not differ between the ESA (median PFS 23.5 months) and no‐ESA groups (median PFS 22.2 months) (P = 0.540, log‐rank test).ConclusionsThe use of ESAs during front‐line chemotherapy did not negatively affect PFS in patients with OC after surgery but increased the risk of thromboembolism.
Into the Wild Paradox and the Merchandising of Christopher McCandless
Authors: Savoye Daniel Ferreras 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:The story of Christopher McCandless, whose body was found in the back of an abandoned bus on a remote Alaskan trail after he starved to death for 113 days, has generated a great variety of narratives, both textual and cinematographic, which have progressively substituted reality in order to favor spectacularization. This essay retraces the steps of the process by which an alleged rejection of modern consumerism has become itself a consumer product, paradoxically participating in the very lifestyle it was supposed to condemn.
Sylvanas Windrunner of the World of Warcraft, Hillary Clinton, and the Rhetoric of Female Leadership
Authors: Poster Carol 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:In 2016, Hillary Clinton was nominated as the first female presidential candidate of a major party in a United States election and Sylvanas Windrunner was appointed as the first female Warchief of the Horde in the fictional land of Azeroth in which the popular MMORPG World of Warcraft is set. This article is a rhetorical analysis of how authority and ethos were constructed by, respectively, Lady Sylvanas and Garrosh Hellscream in the World of Warcraft and Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump in the 2016 United States election. As well as investigating issues of race and gender, it explores how these four figures deploy what Richard Weaver has termed “charismatic” and “ultimate” terms to establish the legitimacy of their actions and positions.
A Review of H. Peter Steeves' Beautiful, Bright, and Blinding: Phenomenological Aesthetics and the Life of Art
Authors: Aramini Marc 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:A review of H. Peter Steeves' book on the phenomenology of beauty and art as a living and ever‐changing interplay between object and observer, across a broad range of cultural and artistic media. Grounded in a wide variety of examples, the book does an excellent job of contextualizing the complex and ever‐changing nature of aesthetic appreciation.
Harmonic and anharmonic vibrational computations for biomolecular building blocks: Benchmarking DFT and basis sets by theoretical and experimental IR spectrum of glycine conformers
Authors: Xu Ruiqin , Jiang Zhongming , Yang Qin , Bloino Julien , Biczysko Malgorzata 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdvanced vibrational spectroscopic experiments have reached a level of sophistication that can only be matched by numerical simulations in order to provide an unequivocal analysis, a crucial step to understand the structure‐function relationship of biomolecules. While density functional theory (DFT) has become the standard method when targeting medium‐size or larger systems, the problem of its reliability and accuracy are well‐known and have been abundantly documented. To establish a reliable computational protocol, especially when accuracy is critical, a tailored benchmark is usually required. This is generally done over a short list of known candidates, with the basis set often fixed a priori. In this work, we present a systematic study of the performance of DFT‐based hybrid and double‐hybrid functionals in the prediction of vibrational energies and infrared intensities at the harmonic level and beyond, considering anharmonic effects through vibrational perturbation theory at the second order. The study is performed for the six‐lowest energy glycine conformers, utilizing available “state‐of‐the‐art” accurate theoretical and experimental data as reference. Focusing on the most intense fundamental vibrations in the mid‐infrared range of glycine conformers, the role of the basis sets is also investigated considering the balance between computational cost and accuracy. Targeting larger systems, a broad range of hybrid schemes with different computational costs is also tested.
Immunohistochemistry of the nasal cavity‐associated lymphoid tissue in the dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba, Meyen 1833)
Authors: Miller Anthea , Lombardo Giorgia Pia , Guerrera Maria Cristina , Messina Emmanuele , Marino Sebastian , Pellicanò Filippo , Kotanska Magdalena , Pergolizzi Simona , Alesci Alessio , Lauriano Eugenia Rita 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) is a medium‐sized pelagic dolphin with a single external nasal opening (blowhole) located in the rostral and dorsal regions of the skull. The nasal cavity is divided into three sections: the olfactory, respiratory, and vestibular areas. The surface epithelium lining the regio vestibularis is the first tissue in the nose to be directly affected by environmental antigens. Cetaceans have a significant amount of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) located throughout their bodies. The lymphoid tissue found in the nasal mucosa is known as nose‐ or nasopharynx‐associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). NALT has not yet been studied in dolphins, but it has been identified and documented in humans and laboratory rodents. This study utilized toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2), CD4, Langerin/CD207, and inducible nitric oxide synthase to characterize, for the first time, immune cells in the mucosal regio vestibularis of the S. coeruleoalba nasal cavity using confocal microscopy immunofluorescence techniques. The findings revealed scattered immune cells immunoreactive to the tested antibodies, present in both the epithelial tissue lining the nasal cavity vestibulum and the underlying connective tissue. This study enhances our comprehension of the immune system of cetaceans.Research Highlights
This study provides new insights into NALT in S. coeruleoalba.
This research deepens the knowledge of the skin of cetaceans.
Temperature regulates sex determination and growth in the paralichthid flatfish California halibut
Authors: MacNamara Ruairi , Mankiewicz Jamie L. , Salger Scott A. , Stuart Kevin , Borski Russell J. , Godwin John , Drawbridge Mark 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCalifornia halibut (Paralichthys californicus) is a candidate species for aquaculture and stock enhancement. These applications rely on sex control, either to maximize the production of faster growing females or to match sex ratios in the wild. Other paralichthids exhibit temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD), but the presence and pattern of TSD is not well defined in California halibut. Juvenile California halibut were cultured at three distinct temperatures (15°C, 19°C, and 23°C) through the developmental period presumed to be thermosensitive based on findings from congeners. Sex ratios were quantified in each treatment using phenotypic sex identification techniques applied early (molecular biomarkers; 51–100 mm total length [TL]) and late (visual examination of the gonads; ≥100 mm TL) in the juvenile phase. Both techniques indicated similar sex determination trends at each temperature, with overall sex ratios assessed as 49.9% male at 15°C, 74.5% male at 19°C, and 98.2% male at 23°C. Growth rates were highest at 23°C and lowest at 15°C, with intrinsically fast‐ and slow‐growing individuals at all temperatures. At 15°C and 19°C, females comprised a higher proportion among the fast growers than they did among the slow growers. These data show that California halibut exhibit TSD, with temperatures of 19°C and 23°C masculinizing fish while 15°C appears to produce a 1:1 sex ratio. This study will help optimize sex ratios and growth in hatcheries through thermal manipulation. Furthermore, the developed biomolecular tools and identified temperature thresholds will be important in future work to understand the influence of global warming on wild population demographics.
Research progress in Fc‐effector functions against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Gao Rongyuan , Feng Chenchen , Sheng Zizhang , Li Feng , Wang Dan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic has caused more than 676 million cases in the global human population with approximately 7 million deaths and vaccination has been proved as the most effective countermeasure in reducing clinical complications and mortality rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in people. However, the protective elements and correlation of protection induced by vaccination are still not completely understood. Various antibodies with multiple protective mechanisms can be induced simultaneously by vaccination in vivo, thereby complicating the identification and characterization of individual correlate of protection. Recently, an increasing body of observations suggests that antibody‐induced Fc‐effector functions play a crucial role in combating SARS‐CoV‐2 infections, including neutralizing antibodies‐escaping variants. Here, we review the recent progress in understanding the impact of Fc‐effector functions in broadly disarming SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity and discuss various efforts in harnessing this conserved antibody function to develop an effective SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine that can protect humans against infections by SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and its variants of concern.
Reduced partial shading effect and enhancement of performance metrics using a Fibonacci based algorithm
Authors: Tatabhatla Venkata Madhava Ram , Agarwal Varun , Agarwal Anshul , Singh Asheesh Kumar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPartial shading within arrays diminishes power output, induces hotspots, and compromises module integrity, thereby impacting system performance. The presence of bypass diodes further exacerbates these issues by introducing non‐convexities in power curves, leading to additional power losses. To solve this problem, a new reconfiguration technique named Fibonacci Random Number Generator is proposed in this work which minimizes the effects of shading on the panels. The proposed methodology swiftly reduces current discrepancies between PV array rows by reshuffles the panels in an array to disperse the shade better using a mathematical formula resulting in increased power output and smoother power curves during partial shading events. The effectiveness of the proposed method is measured in terms of GMPP, row current calculations, power loss (PL), mismatch losses (ML), execution ratio (ER), fill factor (FF), and capacity factor (CF) for four distinctive shading conditions. Validation of results in software and hardware platforms showcase the applicability of proposed approach in real‐time environments. Results indicate significant average power improvements of 25.49%, 15.47%, and 9.29% compared to existing popular reconfigurations like Skyscraper, Ken‐Ken, and Chaotic baker map. The proposed method stands out as a potent tool for optimizing PV arrays within real‐world systems grappling with partial shading issues.
Excessive intragastric alcohol administration exacerbates hepatic encephalopathy and provokes neuronal cell death in male rats with chronic liver disease
Authors: Tamnanloo Farzaneh , Chen Xiaoru , Oliveira Mariana M. , Tremblay Mélanie , Rose Christopher F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is defined as decline in neurological function during chronic liver disease (CLD). Alcohol is a major etiological factor in the pathogenesis of fibrosis/cirrhosis and has also been documented to directly impact the brain. However, the role of alcohol in the development of HE in CLD remains unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of excessive alcohol administration on neurological deterioration in rats with CLD. Starting day 7 post‐BDL surgery, rats were administered alcohol twice daily (51% v/v ethanol, 3 g/kg, via gavage) for 4 weeks. Motor coordination was assessed weekly using rotarod and anxiety‐like behavior was evaluated with open field and elevated plus maze at 5 weeks. Upon sacrifice, brains were collected for western blot and immunohistochemical analyses to investigate neuronal integrity and oxidative stress status. Alcohol worsened motor coordination performance and increased anxiety‐like behavior in BDL rats. Impairments were associated with decreased neuronal markers of NeuN and SMI311, increased apoptotic markers of cleaved/pro‐caspase‐3 and Bax/Bcl2, increased necroptosis markers of pRIP3 and pMLKL, decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and increased 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE)modified proteins in the cerebellum of BDL‐alcohol rats when compared to respective controls. Immunofluorescence confirmed the colocalization of cleaved caspase‐3 and pMLKL in the granular neurons of the cerebellum of BDL‐alcohol rats. Excessive alcohol consumption exacerbates HE which leads to associated apoptotic and necroptotic neuronal loss in the cerebellum of BDL‐alcohol rats. Additionally, higher levels of 4‐HNE and decreased TAC in the cerebellum of BDL‐alcohol rats suggest oxidative stress is the triggering factor of apoptotic and necroptotic neuronal loss/injury.
Transcriptional regulation of the yersiniabactin receptor fyuA gene by the ferric uptake regulator in Klebsiella pneumoniae NTUH‐K2044
Authors: Yu Qian , Li Hailin , Du Ling , Shen Lifei , Zhang Jiaxue , Yuan Lingyue , Yao Huang , Xiao Hong , Bai Qunhua , Jia Yan , Qiu Jingfu , Li Yingli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is a global regulator that influences the expression of virulence genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bioinformatics analysis suggests Fur may involve in iron acquisition via the identified regulatory box upstream of the yersiniabactin receptor gene fyuA. To observe the impact of the gene fyuA on the virulence of K. pneumoniae, the gene fyuA knockout strain and complementation strain were constructed and then conducted a series of phenotypic experiments including chrome azurol S (CAS) detection, crystal violet staining, and wax moth virulence experiment. To examine the regulatory relationship between Fur and the gene fyuA, green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene fusion assay, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), gel migration assay (EMSA), and DNase I footprinting assay were used to clarify the regulatory mechanism of Fur on fyuA. CAS detection revealed that the gene fyuA could affect the generation of iron carriers in K. pneumoniae. Crystal violet staining experiment showed that fyuA could positively influence biofilm formation. Wax moth virulence experiment indicated that the deletion of the fyuA could weaken bacterial virulence. GFP reporter gene fusion experiment and RT‐qPCR analysis revealed that Fur negatively regulated the expression of fyuA in iron‐sufficient environment. EMSA experiment demonstrated that Fur could directly bind to the promoter region of fyuA, and DNase I footprinting assay further identified the specific binding site sequences. The study showed that Fur negatively regulated the transcriptional expression of fyuA by binding to upstream of the gene promoter region, and then affected the virulence of K. pneumoniae.
Exploring genetic variants in congenital monosaccharide‐disaccharide metabolism: Carrier ratios and phenotypic insights
Authors: Akcan Mehmet Berkay , Silan Fatma 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesAdverse food reactions, often underestimated, encompass congenital monosaccharide‐disaccharide metabolism disorders, yielding diverse outcomes such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding disorders, and even death. This study retrospectively scrutinized genetic variants linked to these disorders in a cohort subjected to whole‐exome sequence analysis (WES), determining carrier frequencies and genotype‐phenotype correlations.MethodsData from 484 patients, were retrospectively analyzed using a gene panel (ALDOB, FBP1, GALE, GALK1, GALM, GALT, LCT, SLC2A2, SLC5A1, SI) for congenital monosaccharide‐disaccharide metabolism disorders. WES was performed on patients using the xGen Exome Research Panel v2 kit, utilizing Next Generation Sequence Analysis (NGS). The study encompassed pathogenic, likely pathogenic, and variant of uncertain significance (VUS) variants.ResultsAmong 484 patients (244 female, 240 male), 17.35% carried 99 variants (67 distinct) in the analyzed genes. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic allele frequency stood at 0.013, while VUS allele frequency was 0.088. Notably, 44% (37/84) of patients harboring mutations manifested at least one relevant phenotype. Carriage frequencies ranged from 1:25 (SI gene) to 1:968 (GALE gene), with the estimated disease frequency spanning from 1:2500 to 1:3748000.ConclusionsOur study underscores clinical manifestations in heterozygous carriers of recessive genetic disorders, addressing gaps in carrier frequencies and phenotypic effects for congenital monosaccharide‐disaccharide metabolism disorders. This knowledge can improve these conditions' diagnosis and management, potentially preventing adverse food reactions and their associated complications.
Backside bonding for extremely narrow bezel at the bottom of flexible displays
Authors: Lee Donghyun , Lee Jaehak , Seo Dongkyun , Jung Yangho , Lee Hyunsup , Kong Donghwan , Song Sijoon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe developed a novel method to minimize the bezel of flexible displays through backside bonding of a chip on film, resulting in the bezel width of less than 500 μm as compared to 1000 μm of conventional displays. The metal embedded in polyimide (MEP) layer is placed between the first and second polyimide (PI) substrates and connected to the metal lines of the backplane via the MEP contact (M‐CNT) hole. Subsequently, the nonconductive film (NCF) bonding and intense pulsed light sintering are performed using conductive ink. Conductive ink as the interconnect material capable of low‐temperature sintering is applied to avert thermal degradation and crack. At a high temperature (65°C) and humidity (90% relative humidity), the contact resistance was a drivable level for the display after 240 h. The normalized strain in the M‐CNT hole and MEP area were less than 0.4, indicating the absence of cracks during the NCF bonding. These results demonstrated that the backside bonding method was suitable for extremely narrow bezels of the next‐generation flexible displays.