bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cleavage of Functionalized DNA Containing 5‐Modified Pyrimidines by Type II Restriction Endonucleases
Authors: Macíčková‐Cahová Hana , Pohl Radek , Hocek Michal 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA series of six pyrimidine‐modified dNTPs—5‐ethynyl‐, 5‐phenyl‐, and 5‐(3‐nitrophenyl)deoxycitidine and ‐deoxyuridine triphosphates—were prepared and incorporated by primer extension with Vent (exo‐)polymerase to specific DNA sequences within or next to the recognition sequences of selected restriction endonucleases. The cleavage of these pyrimidine‐modified DNA sequences by 13 restriction enzymes was then studied. Whereas the presence of any modified C within the target sequence completely prevented any restriction cleavage, most enzymes tolerated the presence of 5‐ethynylU and two of them even the presence of 5‐phenyl‐ and 5‐(3‐nitrophenyl)U. Modifications outside the recognition sequence were tolerated except in the case of phenyl derivatives with the PvuII enzyme. 5‐EthynylC was used for protection of the recognition sequence from cleavage in the presence of the second unmodified copy of the same sequence that was cleaved.
An In Situ Dealloying and Oxidation Route to Co3O4 Nanosheets and their Ambient‐Temperature CO Oxidation Activity
Authors: Xu Caixia , Liu Yunqing , Zhou Ce , Wang Lin , Geng Haoran , Ding Yi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCo3O4 nanosheets are straightforwardly fabricated through an in situ dealloying and oxidation process of etching CoAl alloy in alkaline solutions. X‐ray diffraction and electron spectroscopy characterizations demonstrate the formation of a Co3O4 nanostructure with an intricate hierarchical nanosheet morphology comprising interconnected nanoslices with the diameter as small as 6 nm. Upon calcination in O2 atmosphere, these novel Co3O4 nanosheets exhibit excellent catalytic activity toward CO oxidation in normal feed gas at ambient temperature. Catalytic tests reveal the strong influence of calcination temperature on the resultant catalytic activities, whereby 300 °C is found to be preferable possibly due to an optimum balance between the surface area and the amount of active species as compared with 200 and 450 °C. Moreover, Co3O4 nanosheets showed good time‐on‐stream catalytic stability; CO conversion at T50 (the temperature for 50 % CO conversion) reduced to 37 % after 20 h, and at T100 (the temperature for full CO conversion) the conversion only decreased to about 90 % after 15 h.
Chiral Metal‐Organic Frameworks and Their Application in Asymmetric Catalysis and Stereoselective Separation
Authors: Nickerl Georg , Henschel Antje , Grünker Ronny , Gedrich Kristina , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe targeted synthesis of a desired stereomer plays a key role in life sciences, especially in the production of drugs. Up to date, this area is dominated by homogeneous chiral catalysts. Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs), a new class of porous materials, consisting of metal‐oxo‐clusters and multifunctional ligands could offer a platform for chiral heterogeneous catalysts combining the efficiency and in particular selectivity observed for homogeneous asymmetric catalysts with the advantages of heterogeneous catalysis. This review summarizes strategies to obtain chiral Metal‐Organic Frameworks and gives an overview about reactions that have been successfully conducted using chiral MOFs as asymmetric catalysts. In addition, some examples highlighting the stereoselective adsorption properties of chiral Metal‐Organic Frameworks are given.
The Impact of Mesopores on Mass Transfer in Nanoporous Materials: Evidence of Diffusion Measurement by NMR
Authors: Valiullin Rustem , Kärger Jörg 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe purposeful incorporation of mesopores has become an important issue of the synthesis and post‐synthesis modification of nanoporous solids for generating transport‐optimized materials. The potentials of the pulsed field gradient (PFG) technique of NMR for assessing the transport properties of such materials are discusses and first case studies demonstrating the spectrum of information provided by the application of this technique to diffusion studies in hierarchical porous materials and the still existing limitations are presented.
Constructing u‐City of Seoul by future foresight analysis
Authors: Woo Jung‐Hun , Kim HyungSeok , Lim Sang Boem , Kim Jae‐Jin , Lee Jonghyun , Ryoo Rina , Kim Hansoo , Minh Le Dinh 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAirScope is a micro‐scale modeling system as well as a micro‐scale air quality monitoring system, which comprises as a micro‐scale air quality management system. Importance of micro‐scale air monitoring is rising due to the concern about environment near residential places. Traditional monitoring methods are providing overall air quality indexes. However, these methods have limited functionalities to provide air quality of near my house or where I am now. In this paper, we are trying to overcome the limitation of traditional methods by using ubiquitous sensor network (USN). AirScope consists of computational fluid dynamics based air quality modeling, USN‐based sensor monitoring, and multi‐modal interaction platform. We present a brief overview of AirScope and several aspects of constructed initial indoor test environment with a few validity tests. The proposed system will be extended to an outdoor real‐world testbed with most of modern urban elements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A distributed evolutionary approach for multisite mapping on grids
Authors: De Falco I. , Scafuri U. , Tarantino E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this paper attention is concentrated on the mapping of computationally intensive multi‐task applications onto shared computational grids. This problem, already known to be as NP‐complete in parallel systems, becomes even more arduous in such environments. To find a near‐optimal mapping solution a parallel version of a Differential Evolution algorithm is presented and evaluated on different applications and operating conditions of the grid nodes. The purpose is to select for a given application the mapping solutions that minimize the greatest among the time intervals which each node dedicates to the execution of the tasks assigned to it. The experiments, effected with applications represented as task interaction graphs, demonstrate the ability of the evolutionary tool to perform multisite grid mapping, and show that the parallel approach is more effective than the sequential version both in enhancing the quality of the solution and in the time needed to get it. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rotationally Resolved Electronic Spectroscopy of 1,4‐Benzodioxan: The Anomeric Effect in the Ground and Electronically Excited State
Authors: Chau Vu Thi Bao , Brand Christian , Meerts W. Leo , Schmitt Michael 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe measured the rotationally resolved electronic spectra of the origin and of three vibronic bands of 1,4‐benzodioxan. From comparison to various ab‐initio‐calculated structures of 1,4‐benzodioxan, the twisted C2 symmetric 1,4‐benzodioxan was shown to be responsible for all the observed spectral features. We analyzed the inertial defects in both electronic states as sensitive indicators of the non‐planarity of the system. The molecule was found to be more planar in the electronic ground state than in the electronically excited singlet state. This effect can be traced back to an increased puckering of the dioxan ring, which also comprises the oxygen atoms, in the excited state. This observation is discussed in terms of natural bond orbitals.
Right Ventricle in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Voelkel Norbert F. , Natarajan Ramesh , Drake Jennifer I. , Bogaard Herman J. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

During heart development chamber specification is controlled and directed by a number of genes and a fetal heart gene expression pattern is revisited during heart failure

. In the setting of chronic pulmonary hypertension the right ventricle undergoes hypertrophy, which is likely initially adaptive, but often followed by decompensation, dilatation and failure. Here we discuss differences between the right ventricle and the left ventricle of the heart and begin to describe the cellular and molecular changes which characterize right heart failure. A prevention and treatment of right ventricle failure becomes a treatment goal for patients with severe pulmonary hypertension it follows that we need to understand the pathobiology of right heart hypertrophy and the transition to right heart failure. © 2011 American Physiological Society.
Compr Physiol
1:525‐540, 2011.
Hibernation and Gas Exchange
Authors: Milsom William K. , Jackson Donald C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHibernation in endotherms and ectotherms is characterized by an energy‐conserving metabolic depression due to low body temperatures and poorly understood temperature‐independent mechanisms. Rates of gas exchange are correspondly reduced. In hibernating mammals, ventilation falls even more than metabolic rate leading to a relative respiratory acidosis that may contribute to metabolic depression. Breathing in some mammals becomes episodic and in some small mammals significant apneic gas exchange may occur by passive diffusion via airways or skin. In ectothermic vertebrates, extrapulmonary gas exchange predominates and in reptiles and amphibians hibernating underwater accounts for all gas exchange. In aerated water diffusive exchange permits amphibians and many species of turtles to remain fully aerobic, but hypoxic conditions can challenge many of these animals. Oxygen uptake into blood in both endotherms and ectotherms is enhanced by increased affinity of hemoglobin for O2at low temperature. Regulation of gas exchange in hibernating mammals is predominately linked to CO2/pH, and in episodic breathers, control is principally directed at the duration of the apneic period. Control in submerged hibernating ectotherms is poorly understood, although skin‐diffusing capacity may increase under hypoxic conditions. In aerated water blood pH of frogs and turtles either adheres to alphastat regulation (pH ∼8.0) or may even exhibit respiratory alkalosis. Arousal in hibernating mammals leads to restoration of euthermic temperature, metabolic rate, and gas exchange and occurs periodically even as ambient temperatures remain low, whereas body temperature, metabolic rate, and gas exchange of hibernating ectotherms are tightly linked to ambient temperature. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:397‐420, 2011.
A sliding window‐based false‐negative approach for ubiquitous data stream analysis
Authors: Kim Younghee , Park Doo‐soon , Kim Heewan , Kim Ungmo 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYUbiquitous data stream mining (UDSM) is the process of performing data analysis on mobile, embedded and ubiquitous devices. In many cases, a large volume of data can be mined for interesting and relevant information in a wide variety of applications. Data stream mining requires computationally intensive mining techniques to be applied in mobile environments constrained by analysis of a real‐time single pass with limited computational resources. Therefore, we have to ensure that the result is within the error tolerance range. In this paper, we suggest a method for a false‐negative approach based on the Chernoff bound for efficient analysis of the data stream. Hence, we consider the problem of approximating frequency counts for space‐efficient computation over data stream sliding windows. We show that a false‐negative approach allowing a controlled number of frequent itemsets to be missing from the output is a more promising solution for mining frequent itemsets from a ubiquitous data stream. These are simple to implement, and have provable quality, space, and time guarantees. The experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithms achieve a high accuracy of at least 99% and require a small execution time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IL‐9 is a Th17‐derived cytokine that limits pathogenic activity in organ‐specific autoimmune disease
Authors: Stephens Geoffrey L. , Swerdlow Bonnie , Benjamin Ebony , Coyle Anthony J. , Humbles Alison , Kolbeck Roland , Fung Michael 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIL‐9 is a pleiotropic cytokine with key functions in tolerance and inflammation, and its expression is considered a hallmark of Th2‐lineage cells. Here, we report that human and mouse Th17 cells are a significant source of IL‐9. The expression of IL‐9 by Th17 cells was strictly dependent on the presence of TGF‐β and IL‐1β, and inhibited by IL‐4. IL‐9‐deficient Th17 cells induced more severe autoimmune gastritis following transfer to nu/nu recipient mice. Th17 cells did not appear to be the target of IL‐9 bioactivity as Th17 expansion and differentiation was comparable using IL‐9‐deficient CD4+ cells or when IL‐9 was neutralized with antibodies in vitro. However, reduced mast cell activity was associated with the increased pathogenicity of IL‐9‐deficient Th17 cells. Together, these results demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for IL‐9 in dampening the pathogenic activities of Th17 cells.
Functional type 1 regulatory T cells develop regardless of FOXP3 mutations in patients with IPEX syndrome
Authors: Passerini Laura , Di Nunzio Sara , Gregori Silvia , Gambineri Eleonora , Cecconi Massimiliano , Seidel Markus G. , Cazzola Giantonio , Perroni Lucia , Tommasini Alberto , Vignola Silvia , Guidi Luisa , Roncarolo Maria G. , Bacchetta Rosa 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMutations of forkhead box p3 (FOXP3), the master gene for naturally occurring regulatory T cells (nTregs), are responsible for the impaired function of nTregs, resulting in an autoimmune disease known as the immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X‐linked (IPEX) syndrome. The relevance of other peripheral tolerance mechanisms, such as the presence and function of type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, the major adaptive IL‐10‐producing Treg subset, in patients with IPEX syndrome remains to be clarified. FOXP3mutated Tr1‐polarized cells, differentiated in vitro from CD4+ T cells of four IPEX patients, were enriched in IL‐10+IL‐4−IFN‐γ+ T cells, a cytokine production profile specific for Tr1 cells, and expressed low levels of FOXP3 and high levels of Granzyme‐B. IPEX Tr1 cells were hypoproliferative and suppressive, thus indicating that FOXP3 mutations did not impair their function. Furthermore, we isolated Tr1 cell clones from the peripheral blood of one FOXP3null patient, demonstrating that Tr1 cells are present in vivo and they can be expanded in vitro in the absence of WT FOXP3. Overall, our results (i) show that functional Tr1 cells differentiate independently of FOXP3, (ii) confirm that human Tr1 and nTregs are distinct T‐cell lineages, and (iii) suggest that under favorable conditions Tr1 cells could exert regulatory functions in IPEX patients.
PA28 and the proteasome immunosubunits play a central and independent role in the production of MHC class I‐binding peptides in vivo
Authors: de Graaf Natascha , van Helden Mary J. G. , Textoris‐Taube Kathrin , Chiba Tomoki , Topham David J. , Kloetzel Peter‐Michael , Zaiss Dietmar M. W. , Sijts Alice J. A. M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractProteasomes play a fundamental role in the processing of intracellular antigens into peptides that bind to MHC class I molecules for the presentation of CD8+ T cells. Three IFN‐γ‐inducible catalytic proteasome (immuno)subunits as well as the IFN‐γ‐inducible proteasome activator PA28 dramatically accelerate the generation of a subset of MHC class I‐presented antigenic peptides. To determine whether these IFN‐γ‐inducible proteasome components play a compounded role in antigen processing, we generated mice lacking both PA28 and immunosubunits β5i/LMP7 and β2i/MECL‐1. Analyses of MHC class I cell‐surface levels ex vivo demonstrated that PA28 deficiency reduced the production of MHC class I‐binding peptides both in cells with and without immunosubunits, in the latter cells further decreasing an already diminished production of MHC ligands in the absence of immunoproteasomes. In contrast, the immunosubunits but not PA28 appeared to be of critical importance for the induction of CD8+ T‐cell responses to multiple dominant Influenza and Listeria‐derived epitopes. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PA28 and the proteasome immunosubunits use fundamentally different mechanisms to enhance the supply of MHC class I‐binding peptides; however, only the immunosubunit‐imposed effects on proteolytic epitope processing appear to have substantial influence on the specificity of pathogen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses.
Dinuclear Tris(1‐pyrazolyl)methane Complexes of Ruthenium(II)
Authors: Guelfi Massimo , Puntoriero Fausto , Serroni Scolastica , Denti Gianfranco 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBy exploiting the “complexes‐as‐metals/complexes‐as‐ligands” synthetic strategy, six new dinuclear achiral complexes of RuII, containing the tripodal ligand tris(1‐pyrazolyl)methane (tpm), a chelating ligand (L‐L) such as 2,2′‐bipyridine (2,2′‐bpy), 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2′‐biquinoline (biq), and either pyrazine (pz) or 4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐bpy) as bridging ligands (BL), have been prepared and fully characterized. The starting building blocks, many of which have been synthesized for the first time, have been conveniently prepared by improved literature methods. The reactivity of these building blocks in specific experimental conditions has been rationalized. All novel compounds have been characterized fully by elemental analysis and FT‐IR. 1H NMR spectra have been carefully assigned and interpreted on the basis of possible inductive and magnetic anisotropic effects exerted by the ligands. Electrochemical, UV/Vis spectroscopic, and luminescence studies have been carried out on all the dinuclear complexes and their precursor species; the collected data have been discussed and thoroughly interpreted. RuII/RuIII mixed‐valence species of two dinuclear compounds have been investigated by spectroelectrochemistry and assigned to the Robin and Day's Class II group on the basis of the experimental parameters obtained.
Microhomologies and topoisomerase II consensus sequences identified near the breakpoint junctions of the recurrent t(7;21)(p22;q22) translocation in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Giguère Amélie , Hébert Josée 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRUNX1 rearrangements are common genetic abnormalities in acute leukemia. The t(7;21)(p22;q22) translocation, recently described in three cases of myeloid neoplasias, fuses the ubiquitin specific peptidase 42 gene, USP42, a member of the deubiquitinating enzyme family, to RUNX1. In this study, we characterized the semicryptic t(7;21)(p22;q22) translocation, identified by fluorescent in situ hybridization and spectral karyotyping, in a novel case of acute myeloid leukemia. Sequence analysis of the reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction products confirmed the presence of two in‐frame RUNX1‐USP42 and one reciprocal in‐frame USP42‐RUNX1 fusion transcripts. Bioinformatic analysis of the genomic translocation breakpoints revealed microhomologies and insertion of shared nucleotides at the junctions. A topoisomerase II sequence was also detected near the break site. Additionally, we demonstrated a significant overexpression of the rearranged USP42 gene in t(7;21) positive cells using quantitative real‐time PCR. Our results provide the first evidence of the possible involvement of the nonhomologous end‐joining mechanism in the origin of the recurrent t(7;21) translocation. Moreover, presence of the complete catalytic USP site in the putative chimeric proteins and the upregulated expression of USP42 suggest a role of the deubiquitinating enzyme in the pathogenesis of this leukemia. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sporadic breast cancer patients' germline DNA exhibit an AT‐rich microsatellite signature
Authors: Galindo Cristi L. , McIver Lauren J. , Tae Hongseok , McCormick John F. , Skinner Michael A. , Hoeschele Ina , Lewis Cheryl M. , Minna John D. , Boothman David A. , Garner Harold R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUsing a custom CGH‐like oligonucleotide array to measure the global microsatellite content in the genomes of 72 cancer, cancer‐free, and high risk patient and cell line samples (56 germline DNA and 16 in tumor or tumor cell line DNA) we found a unique, reproducible, and statistically significant pattern of 18 motif‐specific microsatellite families (out of 962 possible 1‐6 mer repeats) in breast cancer patient germline and tumor DNA, but not in germline DNA of cancer‐free volunteer controls or in breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations. These high‐similarity A/T rich repetitive motifs were also more pronounced in the germlines and tumors of colon cancer tumor patients (3/6 samples) and microsatellite unstable colon cancer cell lines; however, germline DNA of sporadic breast cancer patients exhibited the largest global content shift for those motifs with extreme AT/GC ratios. These results indicate that global microsatellite variability is complex, suggest the existence of a previously unknown genomic destabilization mechanism in breast cancer patients' germline DNA, and warrant further testing of such microsatellite variability as a predictor of future breast cancer development. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adjuvant therapy with flutamide for presurgical volume reduction in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Authors: Thakar Alok , Gupta Gaurav , Bhalla Ashu Seith , Jain Vandana , Sharma Suresh C. , Sharma Raju , Bahadur Sudhir , Deka Ramesh C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundAlthough 2 studies totaling 11 cases have indicated some benefit of anti‐androgen treatment with flutamide on juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA), it is not part of contemporary practice.MethodsOur approach was through a prospective, single‐arm, before‐and‐after study, in which 20 patients with advanced JNA (Radkowski stage IIB–IIIB) were administered flutamide (per oral: 10 mg kg−1 day−1 × 6 weeks) prior to surgical excision. Pretherapy and posttherapy tumor volume measurements were established by MRI. Periodic assessments were recorded of liver, kidney functions, testosterone levels, and secondary sexual characteristics.ResultsPrepubertal and postpubertal cases responded differently (p < .05). Prepubertal cases had inconsistent and minimal responses; 13/15 postpubertal cases demonstrated measurable volume reduction (mean, 16.5%; maximum, 40%). Two cases with optic nerve compression had visual improvement. Volume reduction correlated with serum testosterone level (r = .53; p < .05). No significant toxicity was noted, with the exception of transient breast tenderness.ConclusionsPrepubertal and postpubertal patients differ in their response to flutamide. In postpubertal patients, 6 weeks preoperative use is safe and leads to partial tumor regression. Tumor regression from adjacent vital structures may facilitate surgical excision and limit morbidity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011