bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of the pinnal‐pedal reflex in the diagnosis of canine scabies
Authors: Mueller R. S. , Bettenay S. V. , Shipstone M. 
Published: October 2010

The potential value of the pinnal‐pedal scratch reflex as an aid to diagnosing canine scabies was assessed in 588 dogs with skin disease. The reflex was assessed by vigorously rubbing the tip of one earflap on to the base of the ear for five seconds, and it was considered positive if the ipsilateral hind leg made a scratching movement. A diagnosis of scabies was based on the dog's history, a physical examination and either positive skin scrapings or the complete resolution of pruritus and dermatitis after treatment with ivermectin or milbemycin, with no relapse for at least 12 months. Scabies was diagnosed in 55 of the dogs, allergic skin disease in 463, and 70 had other miscellaneous skin diseases. There was a positive pinnal‐pedal scratch reflex in 45 (82 per cent) of the 55 dogs with scabies. Forty (73 per cent) of the dogs with scabies had pinnal dermatitis, and 36 (90 per cent) of these had a positive pinnal‐pedal scratch reflex. There was a positive pinnal‐pedal scratch reflex in 33 (6.2 per cent) of the other 533 dogs. On the basis of these results, the specificity of testing for scabies by the pinnal‐pedal scratch reflex was 93.8 per cent, and the sensitivity was 81.8 per cent. The test's positive predictive value was 057 and its negative predictive value was 0.98.
Aetiology of reduced milk ejection in cows after transport and the use of a long‐acting analogue of oxytocin for prophylaxis
Authors: Riedl J. , Daffner B. L. , Kiossis E. , Stolla R. , Bruckmaier R. M. 
Published: October 2010

Milk flow was recorded in 21 cows for three days after they were admitted to a large animal hospital. When the spontaneous flow of milk had stopped, a physiological dose (1 iu) of oxytocin was administered intravenously. Five of the cows were, in addition, treated with 0.35 mg of a long‐acting analogue of oxytocin (carbetocin) one hour before the first milking after they were admitted. In the 16 cows not treated with carbetocin, only about 30 per cent of the total milk yield was released spontaneously on the first day, and the injection of 1 iu of oxytocin released approximately another 60 per cent of the total milk yield. On the second day, the proportion of the total milk yield released spontaneously increased and the fraction released after the injection of 1 iu oxytocin decreased. In contrast, the five cows treated with carbetocin released on average 94 per cent of the total milk yield spontaneously during the first milking.
Coughing in thoroughbred racehorses: risk factors and tracheal endoscopic and cytological findings
Authors: Christley R. M. , Hodgson D. R. , Rose R. J. , Hodgson J. L. , Wood J. L. N. , Reid S. W. J. 
Published: October 2010

A matched case‐control study was made of 100 thoroughbred horses which were coughing and 148 control horses which were free of clinical signs of respiratory tract disease. The variables identified by multivariable conditional logistic regression as being significantly associated with coughing included age (the risk decreased with age), the stage of training (horses in early training were at greatest risk), the time since the last race (horses that had never raced were at greatest risk) and the time since they were last transported (horses transported more than 14 days previously were more likely to cough than those transported within the last week). The coughing horses were significantly more likely to have high scores for upper and lower tracheal mucus and pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia. In addition, the tracheal aspirates of the coughing horses had increased odds of neutrophilia and were more likely to have intracellular bacteria than the control horses. However, a considerable proportion of the control horses had cytological and/or endoscopic evidence of airway inflammation.
Analgesia of newborn lambs before castration and tail docking with rubber rings
Authors: Price J. , Nolan A. M 
Published: October 2010

This study assessed the effects of suckled sucrose and parenteral carprofen treatment on behavioural measurements of discomfort and serum haptoglobin concentration in lambs following rubber ring castration and/or tail docking. Twenty‐eight male and 20 ewe lambs were allocated to either a male or ewe lamb control group (n=4) or to one of three male and two ewe lamb treatment groups (n=8). Male lambs in one treatment group received carprofen subcutaneously (0.5 mg/kg) 30 minutes before castration and docking. Lambs in all other treatment groups suckled sucrose or colostrum immediately before castration and/or tail docking. Behavioural measurements of discomfort were made following castration or tail docking in treatment groups and also in control animals which were not castrated or tail docked. Blood sampling of animals in treatment groups for analysis of serum haptoglobin, an acute phase protein used as an indicator of an acute inflammatory response, was performed before castration or docking and at 24 and 48 hours after castration or docking. Control lambs were blood sampled at 0, 24 and 48 hours following behavioural assessment. Neither suckled sucrose nor carprofen treatment altered discomfort behaviour associated with castration or tail docking. Haptoglobin levels following castration or tail docking remained close to the detection limits of the assay and were similar to those recorded in control animals.
Clinical and pathological observations on pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
Authors: Quintana J. , Segalés J. , Rosell C. , Calsamiglia M. , Rodríguez‐Arrioja G. M. , Chianini F. , Folch J. M. , Maldonado J. , Domingo M. , Canal M. , Plana‐Durán J. 
Published: October 2010

The aim of this work was to characterise the lesions and agents present in clinically normal and clinically affected pigs on a farm during an outbreak of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMws), and to evaluate the diagnostic techniques for detecting porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV‐2) and other microorganisms. Four pigs in the early stage and 11 pigs in the late stage of the disease, and eight clinically normal pigs were necropsied. Samples of lymphoid tissue and serum were also obtained from 12 slaughter pigs from the same farm. The tissues were examined histopathologically, and in situ hybridisation, serology and PCR were used to detect porcine circovirus type 1 (Pcv‐1) and/or PCV‐2 in tissues and/or sera. The presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Aujeszky's disease virus (ADv) and porcine parvovirus (PPv) were also investigated. Characteristic microscopical lesions of PMWS were observed in the lymphoid tissues of the pigs in all three necropsied groups; the lesions were most common and severe in the pigs in the early stage of the disease, less so in the pigs in the late stage of the disease, and least in the clinically normal pigs. PCV‐2 infection was detected in all the necropsied pigs by in situ hybridisation and PCR. Only three pigs had the Pcv‐i genome in serum or lymph node tissue. In contrast, the slaughter pigs had no microscopical lesions and no PCV‐2 nucleic acid in their serum or tissues, and only one of them had the Pcv‐i genome in its serum. Immunohistochemical, serological and PCR studies revealed that PRRSV and ADV were also present on the farm during the outbreak.
Fertility parameters of dairy cows with cystic ovarian disease after treatment with gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone
Authors: Hooijer G. A. , van Oijen M. A. A. J. , Frankena K. , Valks M. M. H. 
Published: October 2010

Fertility data were collected every four weeks for 10 years from 40 herds of Holstein‐Friesian dairy cattle. The data collected during 925 lactations from cows with cystic ovarian disease which were treated with 500 μg gonadorelin were compared with data from a control group of 13,869 normal lactations. The intervals between parturition and first insemination and between parturition and conception were significantly shorter (P<0.001) in the normal cows, but the interval between first insemination and conception was not. The overall conception rate tended to be higher (P<0.10) in the normal cows, but the conception rate after the first insemination was significantly higher (P<0.001) and the number of services per conception was significantly lower (P=0.008) in the normal cows.
Fenestration of the abaxial hoof wall and implantation of gentamicin‐impregnated collagen sponges for the treatment of septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle
Authors: Zulauf M. , Steiner A , Jordan P. 
Published: October 2010

A novel surgical approach to the distal interphalangeal joint of cattle, through the abaxial hoof wall, for the treatment of septic arthritis is described. In seven cattle a rectangular piece of horn (15 × 40 mm) was excised from the abaxial hoof wall and the joint was lavaged with Ringer's solution. Infected and/or necrotic tissue was removed from the joint and gentamicin‐impregnated collagen sponges were introduced. The piece of horn was reattached, a rubber block was glued to the contralateral claw, and a bandage applied. Aftercare consisted of changes of bandage, systemic administration of antimicrobial drugs and box rest. At follow‐up, six of the cattle were sound but one cow which had been slaughtered five months after surgery had remained slightly lame.
Rapid test for the preclinical postmortem diagnosis of BSE in central nervous system tissue
Authors: Grassi J. , Simon S. , Crminon C. , Frobert Y. , Comoy E. , Trapmann S. , Schimmel H. , Hawkins S. A. C. , Wells G.A. H. , Moynagh J. , Deslys J. P. 
Published: October 2010

The efficacy of a rapid test for detecting PrPSc in central nervous system tissue was evaluated for the postmortem diagnosis of BSE at different times during the course of the disease. One hundred and six samples of brain, at the level of the medulla oblongata, and spinal cord, derived from the experimental study of the pathogenesis of BSE carried out in Great Britain between 1991 and 1995, were examined. PrPSc was detected in the samples from most of the exposed animals killed 32 months or more after they had been exposed to the agent, and before the onset of clinical signs which were first recorded at 35 months. Comparisons with the results of histology, fibril detection, PrP immunohistochemistry and mouse bioassay indicated that the rapid test is at least as sensitive as these conventional confirmatory diagnostic methods and its result can be obtained more quickly.
Testing of bulk tank milk from Northern Ireland dairy herds for viral RNA and antibody to bovine viral diarrhoea virus
Authors: Graham D. A. , German A. , McLaren I. E. , Fitzpatrick D. A. 
Published: October 2010

Bulk tank milk samples collected from 929 Northern Ireland dairy herds were classified according to their geographical location, somatic cell count and milk yield. Each sample was tested by ELISA for antibody levels to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BvDv) and the herds were assigned to four groups with increasing antibody levels. In nine herds (1 per cent) no antibodies were detectable in the milk samples (group 1) and they were detectable at low levels in the milk from 90 herds (9.7 per cent, group 2), at moderate levels in 369 herds (39.7 per cent, group 3), and at high levels in the remaining 461 herds (49.6 per cent, group 4). The testing of samples from 90 herds in groups 1 and 2 after an interval of 12 months showed that the annual incidence risk for new infections with BVDV was in the range 0.133 to 0.477. There were significant relationships (P<0.001) between the mean corrected optical density in the ELISA and herd location and somatic cell count, but not yield; the relationship with somatic cell count was linear (P<0.01). Forty‐three group 3 herds and 49 group 4 herds were selected at random and bulk milk samples were tested for BVDV by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. None of the group 3 herds was positive, but five group 4 herds were positive.
Serovars of Salmonellaisolated from Danish turkeys between 1995 and 2000 and their antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Pedersen K. , Hansen H. C. , Jørgensen J. C. , Borck B. 
Published: October 2010

The prevalence of Salmonellaserovars and their antimicrobial resistance patterns were investigated among Danish turkeys between 1995 and 2000, by sampling the flocks approximately 14 days before they were slaughtered. Within the flocks, the prevalence of salmonella varied from 7.1 per cent to 25 per cent, and 24 different serovars were detected. The five most prevalent, which accounted for 58.5 per cent of the isolates were SalmonellaHeidelberg (16.2 per cent of the isolates), SalmonellaAgona (15.8 per cent), SalmonellaDerby (12.4 per cent), SalmonellaMuenster (7.3 per cent) and SalmonellaAnatum (6.8 per cent). In addition, a few rough isolates and isolates belonging to the antigenically incomplete formulae 6,7:‐:‐ and 4,12:b:‐ were found. The level of antimicrobial resistance was low; the highest resistance was recorded to ampicillin (13.7 per cent) and streptomycin (9.0 per cent) followed by tetracycline (8.5 per cent), sulphonamides (7.7 per cent) and spectinomycin (4.7 per cent). Resistance to quinolones was very low: four isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, and only one was resistant to enrofloxacin. No resistance was recorded to colistin, apramycin, ceftiofur, florfenicol, or amoxycillin with clavulanic acid. Only 24 isolates were resistant to two or more compounds in various combinations of up to six compounds; one SalmonellaHavana isolate was resistant to six compounds. Six isolates were serovar Typhimurium, but none of them belonged to phage type DT104.
Health of cows, calves and young stock on 26 organic dairy herds in Sweden
Authors: Hamilton C. , Forslund K. , Hansson I. , Emanuelson U. , Ekman T. 
Published: October 2010

The health and housing of the stock on 26 organic dairy herds in four counties in eastern Sweden were studied for one year. The herds ranged in size from 12 to 64 cows, and their milk production from 3772 to 10,334 kg per cow per year. A large‐animal practitioner visited the farms three times during the year, and a random sample of a third of the cows in each herd were examined. The calves and young stock and their housing were also studied. The calves were in good condition in all but four herds; their serum immunoglobulins varied from almost none to high levels. The young stock were in good condition and in good housing in 20 herds. No cows with clinical signs of metabolic disorders were found. Body condition scores were adequate or good except in two herds. Acetone was analysed in milk samples from individual cows three to six weeks postpartum, and only sporadic cases with high levels were found. The incidence of diseases treated by a veterinarian was lower in the organic herds than the average for the conventional herds in the local dairy association. The findings at the farm visits supported these data, and it is evident that a good standard of health and welfare can be achieved in organic dairy herds.
Variations in the severity of phocid herpesvirus type 1 infections with age in grey seals and harbour seals
Authors: Martina B. E. E. , Jensen T. H. , van de Bildt M. W. G. , Osterhaus A. D. M. E. , Harder T. C. 
Published: October 2010

The data recorded during an outbreak of phocid herpesvirus type 1 infection among 19 harbour seals and 29 grey seals being nursed in a seal rehabilitation centre in the Netherlands in 1998 were used, together with data from similar outbreaks in previous years, to compare the clinical signs observed in the two species at different ages. The severity of the disease was inversely correlated with age in the harbour seals, and the infected harbour seals generally developed more severe clinical signs than the infected grey seals.
Faecal carriage of verocytotoxin‐producing Escherichia coli0157 in cattle and sheep at slaughter in Great Britain
Authors: Paiba G. A. , Pascoe S. J. S. , Wilesmith J. W. , Kidd S. A. , Byrne C. , Ryan J. B. M. , Smith R. P. , McLaren I. M. , Jones Y. E. , Chappell S. A. , Gibbens J. C. , Futter R. J. , Kay A. C. S. , Willshaw G. A. , Cheasty T. 
Published: October 2010

A 12‐month abattoir survey was conducted between January 1999 and January 2000, to determine the prevalence of faecal carriage of verocytotoxin‐producing Escherichia coli0157 (VTEC 0157) in cattle and sheep slaughtered for human consumption in Great Britain. Samples of rectum containing faeces were collected from 3939 cattle and 4171 sheep at 118 abattoirs, in numbers proportional to the throughput of the premises. The annual prevalence of faecal carriage of VTEC 0157 was 4.7 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval 4.1 to 5.4) for cattle and 1.7 per cent (1.3 to 2.1) for sheep, values which were statistically significantly different from each other (P<0.001). The organisms were recovered from both cattle and sheep slaughtered throughout the year and at abattoirs in all regions of the country, but the highest prevalence was in the summer. The most frequency recovered VTEC 0157 isolates were phage types 2, 8 and 21/28 in cattle and 4 and 32 in sheep, the five most frequently isolated phage types associated with illness in people in Great Britain during the same period.
Evaluation of measurements of the conductivity of quarter milk samples for the early diagnosis of mastitis
Authors: Biggadike H. J. , Ohnstad I. , Laven R. A. , Hillerton J. E. 
Published: October 2010

Measurements of the conductivity of quarter milk samples were made in 31 cows in a 70‐cow herd in southeast England, for a period of 15 weeks. Over this period, 42 per cent of cow‐weeks and 20 per cent of quarter‐weeks had an increase in quarter milk conductivity of 10 per cent of more compared with the mean conductivity of the previous 14 milkings. Fourteen per cent of quarter‐weeks had an increase in conductivity of 15 per cent or more. The geometric mean somatic cell count (cell count) was higher in quarter‐weeks with a 10 per cent or greater increase in conductivity than in quarter‐weeks with a conductivity change of less than 10 per cent. At a conductivity threshold of 10 or 15 per cent and a cell count threshold of 200,000 or 400,000 cells/ml the specificity of this system was estimated to be 85 to 92 per cent, the sensitivity 40 to 54 per cent, the negative predictive value 87 to 93 per cent and the positive predictive value 33 to 55 per cent. The positive predictive value of the individual quarter milk conductivity was insufficiently accurate to be used as the sole criterion for the selection of quarters for early antibiotic treatment.
Fertility of dairy cows in Northern Ireland
Authors: Mayne C. S. , Mackey D. R. , Verner M. , McCaughey W. J. , Gordon F. J. , McCoy M. A. , Lennox S. D. , Catney D. C. , Wylie A. R. G. , Kennedy B. W. 
Published: October 2010

A comprehensive database was established on the milk production and reproductive performance of dairy cows in 19 selected herds in Northern Ireland, varying in size, management system and genetic merit. Data were obtained for 2471 cows, 1775 of which calved in a second year, and 693 were culled from the herd for specific reasons. The estimated mean rate of heat detection (assessed by the interheat interval during the main breeding season) in all the herds was 71 per cent, with a range from 53 to 92 per cent. The average conception rate to first insemination was 37.1 per cent (range 21 to 66 per cent). The average calving interval for the retained cows was 407.2 days (range 359 to 448 days). Twenty.eight per cent of the cows that calved were culled, with infertility being the largest single reason (26.8 per cent of the cows culled). There were major differences in reproductive performance between the herds, but heat detection rate, conception rate and calving interval did not appear to be affected by a herd's genetic merit. The herds with shorter calving intervals were characterised by better heat detection efficiency (83 v 61 per cent, P&#60;0.01), a shorter interval from calving to first insemination (74 v 97 days; P&#60;0.05), a higher conception rate to first insemination (45 v 34 per cent, P>0.10) and a lower removal rate (23 v 37 per cent, P&#60;0.01). Furthermore, the cows in these herds had lower body condition scores (BCS) in the dry period (3.0 v 3.3; P&#60;0.05) but lost less body condition in early lactation (0.3 v 0.6 BCS units, P&#60;0.05). These results show that dairy herd fertility in Northern Ireland is generally low and similar to that previously reported for England and the USA, but that in some herds changes in herd management practices improved the cows' fertility.
Trilostane treatment of 78 dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Neiger R. , Hurley K. J. , Ramsey I. , O'Connor J. , Mooney C. T. 
Published: October 2010

The efficacy of trilostane in the treatment of canine pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) was evaluated in 78 dogs with the condition which were treated for up to three years. The drug appeared to be well tolerated by almost all the dogs, and only two developed clinical signs and biochemical evidence of hypoadrenocorticism. Polyuria and polydipsia completely resolved in 70 per cent of the dogs that had these problems, and skin changes resolved in 62 per cent of the dogs that had skin abnormalities. There was a significant reduction (P&#60;0.001 in each case) in both the mean basal and post‐adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) cortisol concentrations after a mean of 12.3 days of treatment. The post‐ACTH cortisol concentration decreased to less than 250 nmol/litre in 81 per cent of the dogs within one month of the start of treatment and in another 15 per cent at some later time. The median survival time of the 26 dogs which died was 549 days, and 51 of the dogs were alive at the completion of the study. One was lost to follow up after 241 days treatment.
Epidemiology and control of an outbreak of classical swine fever in wild boar in Switzerland
Authors: Schnyder M. , Vanzetti T. , Stärk K. D. C. , Schleiss W. , Salman M. D. , Thur B. , Griot C. 
Published: October 2010

An outbreak of classical swine fever in wild boar in the southern part of Switzerland (Canton of Ticino) was investigated after the implementation of control measures in a defined infected area (the risk zone), and in a surrounding surveillance zone (the non‐risk zone). After the disease had been detected, hunting was not allowed in the risk zone for over six months, during which the disease was left to run its course, but hunting was continued in the non‐risk zone for one month. After seven months, a hunting strategy targeted at young animals was implemented in both zones. Between May 1998 and January 2000,1294 wild boar were shot or found dead, and diagnostic and biological data were collected and analysed. Only one animal from the nonrisk zone was found to be seropositive for antibodies to the virus, whereas 179 of 528 wild boar from the risk zone were virus positive and 162 were seropositive. The proportion of virus‐positive animals decreased from 62.7 per cent to zero over one year. During the first hunting season, seropositive animals were found in all age groups, but 12 months later only animals more than one year old had antibodies against the virus.