bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management behaviour in Confucian culture
Authors: Gu Zhihui , Zhang Rui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConfucian culture, the core value of Chinese society, influences daily life and, in the business world, has a significant impact on management behaviour. Based on an introduction of Confucian culture and Chinese society, this study investigates how Confucian culture influences management behaviour from the perspectives of economic performance, corporate governance, human capital and innovation. Furthermore, this paper discusses the implications for future research on Confucian culture and management behaviour. The analysis in this study provides a reference for research on management behaviour under specific cultural patterns.
Filamentation and inhibition of prokaryotic CTP synthase with ligands
Authors: Guo Chenjun , Wang Zixuan , Liu Ji‐Long 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) plays a pivotal role in the de novo synthesis of cytidine triphosphate (CTP), a fundamental building block for RNA and DNA that is essential for life. CTPS is capable of directly binding to all four nucleotide triphosphates: adenine triphosphate, uridine triphosphate, CTP, and guanidine triphosphate. Furthermore, CTPS can form cytoophidia in vivo and metabolic filaments in vitro, undergoing regulation at multiple levels. CTPS is considered a potential therapeutic target for combating invasions or infections by viral or prokaryotic pathogens. Utilizing cryo‐electron microscopy, we determined the structure of Escherichia coli CTPS (ecCTPS) filament in complex with CTP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and the covalent inhibitor 6‐diazo‐5‐oxo‐
l‐norleucine (DON), achieving a resolution of 2.9 Å. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on differences in filament‐forming interfaces and designed a variant to validate our hypothesis, providing an evolutionary perspective on CTPS filament formation. Our computational analysis revealed a solvent‐accessible ammonia tunnel upon DON binding. Through comparative structural analysis, we discern a distinct mode of CTP binding of ecCTPS that differs from eukaryotic counterparts. Combining biochemical assays and structural analysis, we determined and validated the synergistic inhibitory effects of CTP with NADH or adenine on CTPS. Our results expand our comprehension of the diverse regulatory aspects of CTPS and lay a foundation for the design of specific inhibitors targeting prokaryotic CTPS.
Accurate machine‐specific reference and small‐field dosimetry for a self‐shielded neuro‐radiosurgical system
Authors: Jermain Peter R. , Muir Bryan , McEwen Malcolm , Niu Ying , Pang Dalong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe newly available ZAP‐X stereotactic radiosurgical system is designed for the treatment of intracranial lesions, with several unique features that include a self‐shielding, gyroscopic gantry, wheel collimation, non‐orthogonal kV imaging, short source‐axis distance, and low‐energy megavoltage beam. Systematic characterization of its radiation as well as other properties is imperative to ensure its safe and effective clinical application.PurposeTo accurately determine the radiation output of the ZAP‐X with a special focus on the smaller diameter cones and an aim to provide useful recommendations on quantification of small field dosimetry.MethodsSix different types of detectors were used to measure relative output factors at field sizes ranging from 4 to 25 mm, including the PTW microSilicon and microdiamond diodes, Exradin W2 plastic scintillator, Exradin A16 and A1SL ionization chambers, and the alanine dosimeter. The 25 mm cone served as the reference field size. Absolute dose was determined with both TG‐51‐based dosimetry using a calibrated PTW Semiflex ion chamber and measurements using alanine dosimeters.ResultsThe average radiation output factors (maximum deviation from the average) measured with the microDiamond, microSilicon, and W2 detectors were: for the 4 mm cone, 0.741 (1.0%); for the 5 mm cone: 0.817 (1.0%); for the 7.5 mm cone: 0.908 (1.0%); for the 10 mm cone: 0.946 (0.4%); for the 12.5 mm cone: 0.964 (0.2%); for the 15 mm cone: 0.976 (0.1%); for the 20 mm cone: 0.990 (0.1%). For field sizes larger than 10 mm, the A1SL and A16 micro‐chambers also yielded consistent output factors within 1.5% of those obtained using the microSilicon, microdiamond, and W2 detectors. The absolute dose measurement obtained with alanine was within 1.2%, consistent with combined uncertainties, compared to the PTW Semiflex chamber for the 25 mm reference cone.ConclusionFor field sizes less than 10 mm, the microSilicon diode, microDiamond detector, and W2 scintillator are suitable devices for accurate small field dosimetry of the ZAP‐X system. For larger fields, the A1SL and A16 micro‐chambers can also be used. Furthermore, alanine dosimetry can be an accurate verification of reference and absolute dose typically measured with ion chambers. Use of multiple suitable detectors and uncertainty analyses were recommended for reliable determination of small field radiation outputs.
Outcomes after intervention for enteral nutrition in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in multidisciplinary clinics
Authors: Fullam Timothy , Hunt Suzanne L. , Han Madison , Denesia Jacob , Chandrashekhar Swathy , Jawdat Omar , Piccione Ezequiel , Fernandes J. Americo , Statland Jeffrey 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsPatients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are susceptible to malnutrition, with appropriate management of nutritional interventions an active area of investigation. We sought to determine the impact of gastrostomy tube placement in ALS patients, exploring the correlation between forced vital capacity (FVC), malnutrition, and perioperative complications.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of clinically diagnosed ALS patients treated at two multidisciplinary clinics (University of Kansas, University of Nebraska) from January 2009 to September 2020 who were referred for gastrostomy. Data collected included demographics, disease characteristics, and key gastrostomy related dates/outcomes.ResultsTwo hundred thirty‐nine patients were included with a median age of 65 years and median of 589 days from symptom onset to gastrostomy (interquartile range, 404–943). The population was predominantly Non‐Hispanic White with bulbar‐onset ALS. 30‐day mortality was 4% and 30‐day morbidity was 13%. Weight loss, body mass index, and predicted FVC at placement showed no increased 30‐day morbidity or mortality association. Bulbar‐onset ALS patients exhibited higher overall mortality postplacement than limb onset (odds ratio: 1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–3.33). There was a 5% incidence of symptoms suggestive of refeeding syndrome.DiscussionRates of major/minor complications and 30‐day mortality related to gastrostomy placement in our population were similar compared with prior studies in ALS. The lack of difference in outcomes based on FVC at procedure may suggest this is not predictive of outcome, or perhaps, high‐quality perioperative respiratory management. Alternative reasons may account for the increased morbidity and mortality of gastrostomy placement in the ALS population.
Abrasive waterjet cutting of r‐GO infused magnesium fiber metal laminates: Experimental investigations and optimization through gorilla troops algorithm
Authors: Siva Kumar M. , Rajamani D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLaminated metal‐composite structures, known as fiber metal laminates (FMLs), are modern lightweight materials extensively utilized in diverse industries such as aerospace and automotive manufacturing. These materials offer enhanced impact and fatigue resistance, making them invaluable for various applications. However, machining FMLs poses a challenge due to the occurrence of delamination and heterogenous in nature during conventional methods. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the quality characteristics such as kerf width, surface roughness and kerf taper of Magnesium based FMLs processed with an unconventional machining process namely abrasive water jet cutting (AWJC). These FMLs comprise alternately stacked kevlar/carbon fibers adhesively bonded with epoxy resin matrix filled with varying wt% of reduced graphene oxide (r‐GO), combined with AZ31B alloy sheet as the skin material. AWJC experiments were performed by varying the process parameters including waterjet pressure (275–325 MPa), stand‐off distance (2.5–3.5 mm), and cutting speed (600–800 mm/min) based on the box–behnken experimental design. The findings from the statistical analysis underscore the significant influences of stand‐off distance and waterjet pressure on kerf characteristics, while the inclusion of r‐GO is observed to notably affect the surface quality. In pursuit of enhancing cut quality, a multi‐response optimization was conducted employing the Gorilla Troops Optimization (GTO) algorithm. Comparative analysis with established metaheuristics like the gray wolf algorithm, dragonfly algorithm, and harmony search algorithm reveals GTO's superior performance across various metrics, including rapid convergence, diversity, and spacing values. Further, the cutting‐induced damages such as matrix plowing, fiber‐metal debonding and composite delamination were observed through microstructure analysis.Highlights
Magnesium (AZ31B) fiber metal laminate comprising with various wt% of reduced graphene oxide was fabricated.
Abrasive waterjet cutting of FMLs were performed based on box–behnken design experimental approach.
Statistical analysis and influence of process parameters on the kerf width, surface roughness and kerf taper were investigated.
Multi‐response optimization was carried out using metaheuristic‐based gorilla troops algorithm.
Design, optimization, manufacture, and tests of CFRP hydraulic cylinder tube without metal liner: A bionic thorn‐tooth connection
Authors: Li Yao , Shang Yaoxing , Wan Xiaofei , Yu Tian , Zhao Xi , Jiao Zongxia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHydraulic cylinders are widely used in rudder surface control, landing gear retraction of aircraft. The aircraft could benefit a lot on weight reduction, by the application of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFPR) on the hydraulic cylinder. The design, optimization, manufacture of the CFRP hydraulic cylinder tube without metal liner is systematically studied in this article. In terms of structure design, inspired by natural thorn plants, a bionic thorn‐tooth connection structure is designed to connect CFRP and the metal end. Then the theoretical design method of thorn‐tooth is proposed. It also provides a new solution for the generic technology of CFRP‐to‐metal connection. In terms of CFRP parameters design method, an accurate mechanical model of CFRP hydraulic tube is established, the influence law of CFRP parameters on mechanical properties is explored, and the optimization method of CFRP parameters adapted to new characteristics is proposed. In terms of the manufacturing process, the split manufacturing‐combined molding process with high precision and low cost is developed to fit the characteristics of CFRP hydraulic tube without metal liner. The prototype manufactured by the proposed method has a weight reduction ratio of 62.37% while maintaining performances compared to the original metal hydraulic cylinder tube. This research will bring significant performance gains and considerable economic and environmental benefits to aircrafts.Highlights
The systematic study of CFRP hydraulic tube without metal liner is presented for weight reduction.
The bionic thorn‐tooth connection and its parameter design method are proposed.
The CFRP parameters design method of CFRP hydraulic tube is established.
A manufacturing process adapted to CFRP hydraulic tube without metal liner is developed.
In‐situ strain evolution mechanisms within a prestressed carbon composite
Authors: Zhao Chenmin , Wang Bing , Lin Xinyu , Yu Folian , Guan Chenglong , Zhong Shuncong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThermal residual stress generated during curing is known to be detrimental to mechanical performance of a carbon composite. Fiber prestressing technique has been developed for decades to counterbalance these negative effects. Although there have been some achievements in development of the prestress mechanisms, these are mainly based on the extrapolations from macroscopic mechanical characterizations, lack of direct evaluation of the in‐situ in‐plane strain or stress evolution mechanisms, in order to reveal the impact induced by different prestressing methods. Here, we investigated the in‐situ strain evolution mechanisms in producing a prestressed carbon composite. Since clamping of the uncured prepreg is the most challenging, both the strain evolutions with and without precured prepreg edges were evaluated to reveal the underlying mechanisms induced by stress relaxation during fiber prestressing. Mechanical tests in terms of Charpy impact and three‐point bending, as well as fractured morphology were carried out to evaluate the prestress effects. The underlying mechanisms were then proposed to reveal the fundamentals in producing a prestressed composite. These are expected to revolutionize industrial production and applications of prestressed polymeric composites, indicating detrimental mechanisms on precuring strip ends following conventional prestress procedures.Highlights
There is an optimal prestrain level to maximize properties of a composite.
Internal strain development is dependent on the fiber clamping methods.
Stress relaxation is beneficial to induce compressive stress within a composite.
In‐situ strain evolution mechanics is revealed for prestressed carbon composite.
Registration of CDL‐111 and CDL‐167 oat germplasm lines with pyramided adult plant crown rust resistance
Authors: Nazareno Eric S. , Caspers Roger , Caffe Melanie , Smith Kevin , Rines Howard W. , Kianian Shahryar F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOat (Avena sativa L.) production worldwide is constrained by crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae), which can cause significant yield losses. The disease is often controlled by spraying fungicides or planting resistant cultivars. Developing host resistance, however, is a challenge due to the high genetic variability of the pathogen. Race‐specific resistance usually succumbs to new races in just a few years. As such, the USDA‐ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory developed mapping populations to identify adult plant resistance (APR) loci from Avena sativa donors. Resistant lines from the mapping populations were selected and crossed with buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) nursery selection lines BT1020‐1‐1 and BT1021‐1‐1, which possess a different gene for crown rust resistance derived from Avena strigosa. From the crosses, CDL‐111 (Reg. no. GP‐122, PI 702639) and CDL‐167 (Reg. no. GP‐123, PI 702640), both containing three APR quantitative trait loci, were selected as germplasm for resistance breeding. High‐throughput markers for selection were developed and implemented in pyramiding the APR loci.
The School Suicide Policy Evaluation Tool (SSPET): A proof‐of‐concept for assessing school suicide prevention policies
Authors: Wirthlin Douglas , Richards Zeke , Crandall Cody S. , Mortensen Shad P. , Richards Jackson R. , Bakian Amanda V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAs adolescent suicide rates have increased, there has been a nationwide increase in legislation requiring schools to create suicide prevention policies. In Utah, school districts must implement a youth suicide program for grades 7–12. Currently, there have been no systematic analyses of Utah school district suicide prevention policies. Thus, we developed a new evaluation instrument, the School Suicide Policy Evaluation Tool (SSPET).MethodsThe SSPET was derived from the “Model School District Policy” and evaluates criteria on prevention, intervention, re‐entry, and postvention. Four raters used the SSPET in a systematic analysis of suicide prevention policies for all school districts in the state of Utah.ResultsAnalysis revealed a right‐skewed distribution of policy scores, and a median total score was 2.25/36. The mean percentage of inclusion of the four subsections in policies was less than 20% for most criteria. Median scores were totaled for the four subsections as follows: Prevention score was 1/9, intervention score was 1/14, re‐entry score was 0/4, and postvention score was 0/9.ConclusionThis proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates the utility of the SSPET in identifying shortcomings of school district policies on suicide while generating specific recommendations for improvement. With further validity testing, we expect this tool to be useful to school district administrators, education policymakers, and those studying suicide interventions and outcomes in school‐aged children and adolescents.
Cooperative target fencing of multiple double‐integrator systems with connectivity preservation
Authors: Pan Zini , Chen Ben M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this article, we study the cooperative target‐fencing problem of multiple double‐integrator systems over a state‐dependent communication network. We propose a distributed control law to asymptotically fence a moving target while achieving both collision avoidance and connectivity preservation of the vehicles. In particular, a distributed observer is employed by each vehicle to estimate the position and the velocity of the target. Compared with the existing results, our approach can accommodate a larger class of target's trajectories. Furthermore, our control law is more practical since we do not require all vehicles to know the trajectory of the target. The effectiveness of our approach is illustrated by a numerical example.
Ecosystem services to support sustainable development: The modifiable areal unit problem in the transition between evaluation and management units
Authors: Zhu Wenjie , Jin Xiaobin , Zhang Xiaolin , Liu Jingping , Zhou Yinkang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the role of ecosystem services (ES) and their interactions at different spatial scales in territorial space governance is crucial for sustainable development. However, a unified analysis of scale and zoning effects on ES supporting sustainable development remains a theoretical and practical gap. Therefore, this study utilized the traditional concept of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) to establish the ES‐MAUP framework. Additionally, the highly urbanized region of Southern Jiangsu, China, was selected as a case study area to quantitatively evaluate four typical regulating ecosystem services in 2020: urban cooling (UC), flood mitigation (FM), soil conservation (SC), and net primary productivity (NPP). The spatial characteristic information of these four ES was effectively preserved with increasing spatial scale. Significant differences existed in the hotspot patterns of NPP, UC, and SC among different zoning units. Across the three zoning units, the correlations between NPP‐UC, NPP‐SC, and UC‐SC exhibited consistent positive trends, while notable differences in correlations between other ES pairs, such as NPP‐FM and UC‐FM.
Green Synthesis of Various Heteroatom‐doped Carbon Quantum Dots from Urine, Whey, and Their Mixture: The Optimization of Synthesis and Potential Applications
Authors: Aydin Selin , Yilmaz Asli , Yilmaz Mehmet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe employment of biomass waste for the fabrication of carbon quantum dots (CQDs), as a novel fluorescent material with high photoluminescence (PL) activity, has gained intense interest for the last decade. However, the fabrication of CQD from biomass waste encounters challenges including low fluorescence yield, reproducibility, and stability. Therefore, the novel, simple, flexible fabrication routes for CQDs using biomass waste as a precursor are still essential for practical applications. In this study, we reported the employment of human urine (U), sour whey (W), and their mixture (U/W) as precursors for the hydrothermal green synthesis approach. For all cases, CQDs with an excitation‐dependent emission nature were obtained with a quantum yield (QY) value of 48 %, 28 %, and 39 % for U, W, and U/W, respectively. For each case, doping of various heteroatoms such as N, P, S, etc., in the structure of CQDs contributed PL characteristics with high QY, reasonably low cytotoxicity, and, robust pH and storage stability which indicate their high potential in various biomedical applications such as bioimaging and pH sensors. This study proves the utilization of human urine and whey as the precursors for the fabrication of CQDs through a low‐cost, flexible, and eco‐friendly green synthesis procedure.
A General Method for Elemental Sulfur Promoted Synthesis of Ortho‐Substituted Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalin‐4‐yl Anilines
Authors: Ho Tuan H. , Ngo Tran H. B. , Nguyen Tung T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSynthesis of heteroaryl ortho‐substituted anilines is hitherto challenging. Herein we report scope and limitation of method for annulation of 1‐(2‐nitroaryl)pyrroles and derivatives of 2‐aminobenzyl alcohol to afford ortho‐substituted pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalin‐4‐yl anilines. Reaction conditions contained elemental sulfur as promoter, while were tolerant of a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl amines. Our method would offer a feasible tactic to yield anilines steric bulk with ortho heterocyclic substituents.
First‐Principles Simulation and Materials Screening for Spin‐Orbit Torque in 2D van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Wang Jinying , Nikonov Dmitri E , Lin Hongyang , Kang Dain , Kim Raseong , Li Hai , Klimeck Gerhard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in spin‐orbit torque (SOT) technology in two‐dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) materials have not only pushed spintronic devices to their atomic limits but have also unveiled unconventional torques and novel spin‐switching mechanisms. The vast diversity of SOT observed in numerous 2D vdW materials necessitates a screening strategy to identify optimal materials for torque device performance. However, such a strategy has yet to be established. To address this critical issue, a combination of density functional theory and non‐equilibrium Green's function is employed to calculate the SOT in various 2D vdW bilayer heterostructures. This leads to the discovery of three high SOT systems: WTe2/CrSe2, MoTe2/VS2, and NbSe2/CrSe2. Furthermore, a figure of merit that allows for rapid and efficient estimation of SOT is proposed, enabling high‐throughput screening of optimal materials and devices for SOT applications in the future.