bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the differentiated QoE enforcement between competing scalable video flows over wireless networks
Authors: Goudarzi Pejman 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIn differentiated quality‐of‐experience enforcement (QoE) for video transmission over wireless networks, accurate video quality metrics play a crucial role in the designing process of optimal resource assignment algorithms. Many cross‐layer optimization‐based rate‐allocation strategies, which consider different objective functions (congestion level, total packet loss, etc.), have been developed for this purpose. The main contributions of the proposed work are twofold. Firstly, an optimal resource assignment framework is being developed in which, based on some network‐specific constraints and by incorporating appropriate video quality metrics, the total weighted QoE of some competing scalable video sources is being optimized based on cross‐layer optimization techniques. Secondly, these optimal rates can be used for differentiated QoE enforcement between multiple competing scalable video sources. The resulting optimal rates can be considered as rate feedbacks for online rate adaptation of a moderate scalable video encoder such as H.264/MPEG‐4 advanced video coding. The aforementioned weight parameters are selected based on the importance of each video sequence's quality and can be associated with some previous service level agreement‐based prices. Some numerical analysis have been presented to validate the theoretical results and to verify the claims. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mining uncertain data
Authors: Leung Carson Kai‐Sang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAs an important data mining and knowledge discovery task,association rule miningsearches for implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful pieces of information—in the form of rules revealing associative relationships—that are embedded in the data. In general, the association rule mining process comprises two key steps. The first key step, whichmines frequent patterns(i.e., frequently occurring sets of items) from data, is more computationally intensive than the second key step of using the mined frequent patterns toform association rules. In the early days, many developed algorithms mined frequent patterns from traditional transaction databases of precise data such as shopping market basket data, in which the contents of databases are known. However, we are living in an uncertain world, in which uncertain data can be found almost everywhere. Hence, in recent years, researchers have paid more attention to frequent pattern mining from probabilistic databases of uncertain data. In this paper, we review recent algorithmic development on mining uncertain data in these probabilistic databases for frequent patterns. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov2011 1 316–329 DOI: 10.1002/widm.31This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Association Rules
Central Compartment Neck Dissection for Thyroid Cancer: A Surgical Technique
Authors: Hartl Dana M. , Travagli Jean‐Paul 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSeveral professional societies have in the past few years joined forces to standardize and define terminology for central compartment neck dissection, with the objective of improving communication among professionals and encouraging a more uniform surgical approach to neck nodes. Precisely defining and describing a technique has the advantage of providing a basis for communication and for discussion. A basic technique should be reproducible with low morbidity and teachable to surgeons in training. We herein describe a basic technique for bilateral central compartment neck dissection for thyroid cancer.
A critique of Bernstein’s beyond objectivism and relativism: science, hermeneutics, and praxis
Authors: Matusitz Jonathan , Kramer Eric 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
This analysis comments on Bernstein’s lack of clear understanding of subjectivity, based on his book, Beyond Objectivism and Relativism: Science, Hermeneutics, and Praxis. Bernstein limits his interpretation of subjectivity to thinkers such as Gadamer and Habermas. The authors analyze the ideas of classic scholars such as Edmund Husserl and Friedrich Nietzsche. Husserl put forward his notion of transcendental subjectivity and phenomenological ramifications of the relationship between subjectivity and objectivity. Nietzsche referred to subjectivity as “perspectivism,” the inescapable fact that any and all consciousnesses exist in space and time. Consciousness is fundamentally constituted of cultural, linguistic, and historical dimensions.
Clinical characterization of patients with macroprolactinemia and monomeric hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Can Murat , Guven Berrak , Atmaca Hulusi , Acıkgoz Serefden , Mungan Gorkem 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMacroprolactinemia is often a cause of misdiagnosis, unnecessary expensive investigation, and unsuitable treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical findings and the concentrations of macroprolactin in patients with hyperprolactinemia in our region. Eighty‐four female hyperprolactinemic patients were screened for macroprolactinemia. Prolactin was measured by chemiluminesans method on an Immulite 2000 analyzer (Siemens Health Diagnostics, Deerfield, IL, USA). Recoveries less than or equal to 40% after polyethylene glycol precipitation were indicative of macroprolactinemia. Clinical features and biochemical values were compared in true hyperprolactinemic and macroprolactinemic patients. Macroprolactinemia was detected in 31 patients (36.9%), with 84 hyperprolactinemic female patients. There was no difference in frequency of galactorrhea and oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea between the two groups. When we evaluated the clinical features of patients according to prolactin levels, no significant difference was found between the groups. In conclusion, our initial data show that no clinical features could reliably differentiate macroprolactinemic from true hyperprolactinemic patients, but at least one of these symptoms was present in most macroprolactinemic patients.
Primary Sjögren's syndrome with minimal change disease—A case report
Authors: Yang Mei‐Li , Kuo Mei‐Chuan , Ou Tsan‐Teng , Chen Hung‐Chun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGlomerular involvement in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) has rarely been reported. Among them, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and membranous nephropathy are the more common types. We report a middle‐aged female presenting concurrently with nephrotic syndrome and microscopic hematuria, and her pSS was diagnosed by positive anti‐Ro (SSA)/anti‐La (SSB) autoantibodies, dry mouth, severely diffuse impaired function of both bilateral parotid and submandibular glands, and a positive Schirmer test. Renal pathology revealed minimal change disease and thin basement membrane nephropathy. The patient's nephrotic syndrome resolved after treatment with corticosteroids. To our knowledge, this is the first report of minimal change disease in a patient with pSS.
Alcohol drinking triggers acute myocardial infarction in a case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hsu Po‐Chao , Chu Chih‐Sheng , Lin Tsung‐Hsien , Su Ho‐Ming , Yen Hsueh‐Wei , Lai Wen‐Ter , Sheu Sheng‐Hsiung 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAlcohol ingestion–related increased left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) pressure gradient in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) has been reported in the literature; however, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after alcohol drinking in this patient group is rarely reported. Herein, we report a 68‐year‐old man with chronic alcoholism suffering from AMI after alcohol drinking. Electrocardiography revealed complete left bundle branch block, and chest X‐ray showed acute pulmonary edema. Intubation was done for respiratory failure and intra‐aortic balloon pump was also inserted for unstable hemodynamics. However, emergent coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries. HOCM was diagnosed by a high pressure gradient over LVOT and systolic anterior motion of mitral valve by echocardiography. This patient became stable under intensive care and medical treatment. This case reminds physicians that alcohol ingestion might cause AMI in HOCM patients because of increased LVOT pressure gradient and decreased coronary perfusion despite normal coronary arteries.
Expression of manganese superoxide dismutase in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Tsai Shih‐Meng , Hou Ming‐Feng , Wu Szu‐Hsien , Hu Bao‐Wen , Yang Sheau‐Fang , Chen Wan‐Tzu , Chai Chee‐Yin , Ma Hsu , Tsai Li‐Yu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBreast cancer has become the second leading cancer among females in Taiwan. Even though the etiology of breast cancer is multifactorial, oxidative stress plays an important role in the carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), one of the major antioxidant enzymes that is involved against oxidative stress, in adjacent cancer‐free breast tissues and neoplasm tissues within the same patient. Sixty‐five breast cancer patients' formalin‐fixed tissue blocks, including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) tissues, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tissues, and adjacent cancer‐free tissues, were evaluated by immunohistochemical stain. Meanwhile, their demographic and clinical information was also collected. The combined scores of MnSOD‐positive cell proportion and MnSOD staining intensity were compared for different tissues within the same patient. The results showed that the mean combined scores of MnSOD expression in adjacent cancer‐free tissues (6.33), IDC (5.30), and DCIS (3.78) were significantly different when assessed by repeated‐measurement analysis of variance (F = 14.17, p < 0.001). Additionally, the results revealed that the distribution of strong MnSOD protein expression was 80.0%, 72.3%, and 52.3% in adjacent cancer‐free tissues, IDC, and DCIS, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the expression of MnSOD and grades of breast cancer or other clinicopathologic variables. We suggest that the expression of MnSOD in neoplasm tissues, independent of the clinicopathologic characters, plays a critical role in breast cancer biology.
The influence of the inertially dominated outer region on the rheology of a dilute dispersion of low-Reynolds-number drops or rigid particles
Authors: SUBRAMANIAN GANESH , KOCH DONALD L. , ZHANG JINGSHENG , YANG CHAO 
Published: April 2011

We calculate the rheological properties of a dilute emulsion of neutrally buoyant nearly spherical drops at O(φRe3/2) in a simple shear flow(u∞ = x211, being the shear rate) as a function of the ratio of the dispersed- and continuous-phase viscosities (λ = /μ). Here, φ is the volume fraction of the dispersed phase and Re is the micro-scale Reynolds number. The latter parameter is a dimensionless measure of inertial effects on the scale of the dispersed-phase constituents and is defined as Re = a2ρ/μ, a being the drop radius and ρ the common density of the two phases. The analysis is restricted to the limit φ, Re ≪ 1, when hydrodynamic interactions between drops may be neglected, and the velocity field in a region around the drop of the order of its own size is governed by the Stokes equations at leading order. The dominant contribution to the rheology at O(φRe3/2), however, arises from the so-called outer region where the leading-order Stokes approximation ceases to be valid. The relevant length scale in this outer region, the inertial screening length, results from a balance of convection and viscous diffusion, and is O(aRe−1/2) for simple shear flow in the limit Re ≪ 1. The neutrally buoyant drop appears as a point-force dipole on this scale. The rheological calculation at O(φRe3/2) is therefore based on a solution of the linearized Navier–Stokes equations forced by a point dipole. The principal contributions to the bulk rheological properties at this order arise from inertial corrections to the drop stresslet and Reynolds stress integrals. The theoretical calculations for the stresslet components are validated via finite volume simulations of a spherical drop at finite Re; the latter extend up to Re ≈ 10.Combining the results of our O(φRe3/2) analysis with the known rheology of a dilute emulsion to O(φRe) leads to the following expressions for the relative viscosity (μe), and the non-dimensional first (N1) and second normal stress differences (N2) to O(φRe3/2): μe = 1 + φ[(5λ+2)/(2(λ+1))+0.024Re3/2(5λ+2)2/(λ+1)2]; N1=φ[−Re4(3λ2+3λ+1)/(9(λ+1)2)+0.066Re3/2(5λ+2)2/(λ+1)2] and N2 = φ[Re2(105λ2+96λ+35)/(315(λ+1)2)−0.085Re3/2(5λ+2)2/(λ+1)2].Thus, for small but finite Re, inertia endows an emulsion with a non-Newtonian rheology even in the infinitely dilute limit, and in particular, our calculations show that, aside from normal stress differences, such an emulsion also exhibits a shear-thickening behaviour. The results for a suspension of rigid spherical particles are obtained in the limit λ → ∞.
BIRDS AND KHOESĀN: LINKING SPIRITS AND HEALING WITH DAY-TO-DAY LIFE
Authors: Low Chris 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIt is not surprising that animals have played a significant role in KhoeSān cosmology but identifying exactly what that role is and how it relates to different contexts of belief and action is more challenging. This article identifies a special role for birds in KhoeSān thought and practice, which is tightly bound to matters of spirit and healing, seems relatively cohesive and is distinctive and widespread, both culturally and historically. Working out from a detailed KhoeSān medical ethnography and using bird examples taken from a wide range of KhoeSān, I argue that bird relationships are best understood by re-framing popular ideas of ‘supernatural potency’ within persistent habits of perception and the opportunities or challenges they present. I further highlight how KhoeSān interaction with birds must be linked to particular relationships with knowledge in order to understand why birds are so salient. I conclude by emphasizing the dangers of explaining KhoeSān bird relationships within potentially distorting categories of ‘metaphor’.
DEATH ‘ON THE MOVE’: FUNERALS, ENTREPRENEURS AND THE RURAL–URBAN NEXUS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Lee Rebekah 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThis article primarily concerns the intersection of the changing management of death with the problems and possibilities presented by the growing mobility of the African, and specifically Xhosa-speaking, population in South Africa from the latter half of the twentieth century to the present day. I am interested in how shifts in the practices and beliefs around death are mediated by individuals, households and businesses who have an historical affinity towards movement, particularly across what has been called the ‘rural–urban nexus’. In what ways has this more mobile orientation influenced the perception of rites and responsibilities surrounding death? And how have more mobile ‘ways of dying’ in turn created new subjectivities and new ways in which to imagine relations between the living and the dead? I argue that African funeral directors based in Cape Town and the rural areas of the Eastern Cape – a steadily more numerous and prominent group of entrepreneurs – are well-placed to shape these processes, through their role as cultural mediators and technological innovators, and their particular emphasis on maintaining a flow of bodies (both dead and alive) between rural and urban areas. I focus on two aspects of contemporary South African funerals – embalming and exhumations – that are suggestive of how the migration dynamic, and the continuing demands from mobile mourners for innovations via the funeral industry, have encouraged new perceptions of and relations to the dead body.
Embracing the Ummah: Student Politics beyond State Power in Pakistan
Authors: NELSON MATTHEW J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractStudies of student politics in Pakistan often focus on the competition between ‘secular’ and ‘religious’ student groups—for example, the leftward-leaning National Students Federation, regional parties with a broadly secular orientation like the Pakhtun Students Federation, the Islami Jamiat-e-Tuleba (Islamic Students Association), and sectarian groups like the (Shi'a) Imamia Students Organization. This paper describes the emergence of an increasingly violent stalemate between and amongst these groups since the 1960s. It then argues that for a growing number of students this stalemate produced a certain disenchantment with exclusionary efforts to control the ‘state-based Muslim nationalism’ that lay behind the formation of Pakistan itself. Seeking alternatives, these disenchanted students developed an interest in non-state-based forms of Muslim solidarity—forms that rejected the constraints of territorial Muslim nationalism in favour of transnational movements focused on the revitalization of Muslim solidarity on a truly global scale—movements like the (Deobandi) Tablighi Jama'at and the (Barelwi) Da'wat-e-Islami. Tracing this development, this paper takes up one application of Talal Asad's argument that alternative expressions of religion (and religious solidarity) are ‘produced’ by specific political circumstances. It also examines this formulation in the light of other theories that take an interest in the effects—indeed the potentially ‘democratizing’ effects—of protracted political stalemates.
Afternoon shedding of a new species ofIsospora(Apicomplexa) in the endangered Regent Honeyeater (Xanthomyza phrygia)
Authors: MORIN-ADELINE VICTORIA , VOGELNEST LARRY , DHAND NAVNEET K. , SHIELS MICHAEL , ANGUS WARRICK , ŠLAPETA JAN 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThe Regent Honeyeater (Xanthomyza phyrigia) is an endangered Australian bird species. Breeding populations have been established at Australian zoos in support of re-introduction programmes. This species is the host of a new species ofIsospora(Apicomplexa). Oocysts are spherical, 25·8 (22·5–28·75) by 23·8 (20–26·25)μm with a colourless to pale yellow smooth wall undergoing rapid exogenous sporulation, 90% sporulated oocysts in 8 h at 20°C. Each oocyst contains 1 polar granule. Sporocysts are ovoid, 18·67 (17–19) by 9·49 (9–10)μm with a flat Stieda body and spherical substieda body devoid of a hyaline body. The asexual stages and sexual phase is within the enterocytes of the duodenum and jejunum. Faeces collected in the morning (AM,n=84) and in the afternoon (PM,n=90) revealed significant diurnal periodicity in oocyst shedding; 21% (18 of 84) of the AM were positive with the mean of 499 oocysts.g−1compared to the PM with 91% (82 of 90) bird faeces positive with the mean of 129 723 oocysts.g−1. Therefore, parasite checks for these birds should be carried out in the afternoon to obtain an accurate result. The ecological significance of the high parasite burden in captive birds requires further investigation and comparison to the wild counterparts.
Study on ovine abortion associated withToxoplasma gondiiin affected herds of Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran based on PCR detection of fetal brains and maternal serology
Authors: RASSOULI M. , RAZMI G. R. , BASSAMI M. R. , MOVASSAGHI A. R. , AZIZZADEH M. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondii, an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite, is one of the causative agents of ovine abortion, as reported in many countries. Different techniques are being used to detect this pathogen in infected ovine fetuses. One of the most sensitive and specific diagnostic techniques is Nested-PCR amplification of the B1 target gene of the organism. In total, 200 brain samples of aborted ovine fetuses and maternal sera submitted from different parts of Khorasan Razavi province, Iran were investigated to track the role ofToxoplasma gondiiin ovine abortion by a slightly modified Nested-PCR and IFAT assays, respectively. Among all samples, 27 (13·5%) were PCR-positive and 31 (15·5%) were IFAT-positive and theToxoplasma-induced abortion prevalence calculated was 8·8% to18·2% with 95% confidence interval. Results show that high levels of congenital transmission may occur in 27/31(87%) of pregnancies with an excellent logical agreement (ĸ=0·9) between 2 different tests. According to the results of this study, the Nested-PCR employed in this investigation could be recommended as an applied routine test for the routine examination and confirmation ofToxoplasma gondii-induced ovine abortion.
Parasites in a man-made landscape: contrasting patterns of trematode flow in a fishpond area in Central Europe
Authors: SOLDÁNOVÁ M. , FALTÝNKOVÁ A. , SCHOLZ T. , KOSTADINOVA A. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYWe have explored a large body of novel data focusing on small-scale temporal and spatial patterns in the composition and structure of larval trematode communities inLymnaea stagnalis(L.) from a typical Central European agricultural landscape. The 5 eutrophic fishponds studied provide excellent environments for the development of species-rich and abundant trematode communities. Nine prevalent species were consistently present in component communities, but had differential contribution to the parasite flow in the 5 ponds resulting in significant contrasting patterns of community similarity and the prevalence of the 3 major transmission guilds driving this similarity. Component communities split into 2 groups: (i) those from the large pond dominated by anatid and larid generalists with active miracidial transmission; and (ii) those from the smaller ponds dominated by 2 plagiorchioideans infecting snailsviaegg ingestion. We put forward 3 hypotheses for the remarkable differences in larval trematode flow in the similar and closely located eutrophic ponds: (i) species-specific differences in parasite colonization potential displayed by an ‘active-passive’ dichotomy in miracidial transmission strategies of the species; (ii) top-down effects of pond context on transmission pathways of the trematodes; and (iii) competition as an important mechanism in eutrophic environments with a bottom-up effect on component community structure.
The influence of water on the migration of infective trichostrongyloid larvae onto grass
Authors: van DIJK J. , MORGAN E. R. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYDetailed knowledge of the effects of water on the migration of infective larvae of economically important trichostrongyloid species is urgently needed to feed into prediction models of future epidemiology. The influence of water on the migration of the parasitic nematodes Nematodirus battus, Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta from sheep dung onto grass was examined in a series of laboratory experiments. Turf plots were seeded with larvae, which were recovered from grass clippings by serial sampling. Free water was necessary for larvae to escape from dung, but not for vertical migration onto grass. When temperature and relative humidity were held constant, the proportion of a population of live larvae present on herbage reached a plateau of around 2 (1–10)% after 24 h, and then changed little over time. Larvae in soil and dung formed a reservoir, such that a similar proportion of the larval population was maintained on grass after clipping. These findings suggest continuing random movement of free larvae. Implications for the epidemiology of trichostrongyloid species are discussed in the context of trade-offs faced by the parasites.