bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-related differences in drug-induced liver injury: a retrospective single-center study from a large liver disease specialty hospital in China, 2002–2022
Authors: Yu Simiao , Li Jiahui , He Tingting , Zheng Haocheng , Wang Sici , Sun Yongqiang , Wang Liping , Jing Jing , Wang Ruilin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a prevalent adverse reaction in clinical settings. However, there is limited research on age-related differences in DILI. We performed a large-scale retrospective study to delineate the characteristics of DILI across different age groups.

Methods
We collected data on a total of 17,946 patients with confirmed DILI hospitalized at the Fifth Medical Center of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital in Beijing, China, from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2022. The patients were stratified based on age into the following groups: children (< 18 years), young adults (18–44 years), middle-aged individuals (45–64 years), and elderly individuals (≥ 65 years). We gathered demographic information, medical histories, laboratory results, disease severity assessments, and mortality statistics for all patients.

Results
Overall, the distribution of DILI cases across different age groups was as follows: 6.57% were children, 24.82% were young adults, 49.06% were middle-aged individuals, and 19.54% were elderly individuals. The percentage of females increased with age, rising from 36.47% in the pediatric group to 60.51% in the elderly group. Notably, central nervous system agents (15.44%) and anti-infectious agents (21.80%) were more commonly associated with DILI in children, while cardiovascular agents (10.58%) and herbal dietary supplements or traditional medicines (H/TMs) (26.29%) were more prevalent among elderly people with DILI. Among all age groups, hepatocellular-type DILI was more common in the pediatric group (p < 0.001), whereas cholestatic-type DILI and chronic DILI were more prevalent in the elderly group (p < 0.001). Acute liver failure (ALF) and fatal outcomes were more prevalent in the pediatric and elderly groups, particularly in the pediatric group (2.04%, p = 0.041; 0.85%, p = 0.007, respectively).

Conclusions
Children and elderly individuals face a higher risk of adverse outcomes following DILI.

Graphical Abstract
Living Arrangements, Intra-Household Inequality and Children’s Deprivation: Evidence from EU-SILC
Authors: Karagiannaki Eleni , Burchardt Tania 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA non-negligible proportion of children in Europe live in multifamily households that include other adults beyond their parents: around 4% live with their grandparents and a further 7% with their adult siblings. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which living in these two household types protects children against deprivation and we provide tests of the relationship between the intrahousehold sharing of resources and children’s deprivation. We find that although most children in multifamily households face significantly higher deprivation risks than children in nuclear households this largely reflects the selection into co-residence of families facing financial difficulties rather than arising from an incomplete sharing of resources. We further show that co-residence with grandparents protects a large share of children against deprivation (i.e. they would face higher deprivation risk if they lived only with their parents) while co-residence with adult siblings has more mixed effects across countries.
Defining the Range of Calibration Burden: From Full Calibration to Calibration-Free
Authors: Rish Adam J. , Henson Samuel , Drennen James K. , Anderson Carl A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe expansion of spectroscopic process analytical technology (PAT) within the pharmaceutical industry requires chemometric models to enable spectral interpretation. However, calibration of chemometric models often require an intense time, material, and financial burden which may discourage PAT deployment. The advancement of modeling strategies that reduce this calibration burden necessitates consistent terminology for describing model inputs and overall calibration burden throughout chemometric literature. The goal of this article is to define levels of calibration burden by clarifying dataset classifications and model inputs during PAT method development. The scope of this work is specific to calibration of chemometric models incorporated in PAT methods. Harmonizing the language used in the field of chemometrics to describe calibration burden benefits both pharmaceutical manufacturers and regulatory agencies.
Zum Beitrag der kritischen Bildungstheorie Peter Eulers im Anthropozän
Authors: Kminek Helge 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungMit dem Jahr 1999 ist der Beginn eines neuen Abschnitts der Technikentwicklung und Techniknutzung der Menschheit verbunden. In diesem Jahr wird der erste persönliche digitale Assistent auf den Markt gebracht, der über ein eingebautes Mobilfunkmodem verfügt. Damit wird das Zeitalter der mobilen Endgeräte (insbesondere Tablet-Computer und Smartphones) eingeläutet. Im selben Jahr erscheint die Habilitationsschrift von Peter Euler, die im Zentrum dieses Beitrages in der Rubrik „Nachgefragt/Wiederentdeckt“ steht und die sich der Frage nach dem Verhältnis von Technik und Bildung widmet. Angesichts der technischen Entwicklungen innerhalb der letzten Jahrzehnte stellen sich die Fragen nach dem Verhältnis von Mensch und Technik im Allgemeinen, und was Mensch-Sein in einer technisierten Gesellschaft bedeutet und bedeuten sollte im Besonderen. Wenn sich die Theorieentwicklung der Sozialen Arbeit auf die aufgeworfenen Fragen beziehen will, dann drängt sich die Auseinandersetzung mit der kritischen Bildungstheorie Eulers aufgrund ihrer theoretischen Vielschichtigkeit und Reflexionstiefe auf. Der Beitrag stellt Eulers Bildungstheorie und dessen Antworten auf die aufgeworfenen Fragen skizzierend vor und diskutiert deren Aktualität.
Development of an 8K SNP chip to assess adaptive diversity and hybridization in polar bears
Authors: Miller Joshua M. , Malenfant René M. , Rivkin L. Ruth , Atwood Todd C. , Baryluk Steven , Born Erik W. , Dietz Rune , Laidre Kristin L. , Pongracz Jodie , Richardson Evan S. , Wiig Øystein , Davis Corey S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is a species particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. As the climate warms, polar bears will be forced to move to more suitable habitats which are likely to shrink, adapt to the new conditions, or decline in population size. However, the genomic diversity within and among all 19 subpopulations of polar bears, and therefore their adaptive potential, is currently unknown. In addition, warmer climates are likely to result in more frequent contact between polar bears and grizzly bears (U. arctos), with which they can hybridize. Here we describe the development, quality control, and application of the Ursus maritimus V2 SNP chip. This 8 K SNP chip contains loci explicitly selected to assess both RAD-derived and transcriptome-derived loci, as well as SNPs to detect hybridization between species. A total of 7,239 loci (90.3% of those printed) were successfully genotyped, with over 99% genotype concordance for individuals typed in duplicate on this chip, and between individuals typed here and on the Ursus maritimus V1 SNP chip. Using simulations, we demonstrate that the markers have high accuracy and efficiency to detect hybridization and backcrosses between polar bears and grizzly bears. However, empirical analysis of 371 polar bears, 440 grizzly bears, and 8 known hybrids found no novel instances of recent hybridization. The Ursus maritimus V2 SNP chip provides a powerful tool for monitoring the adaptive potential of this species along with assessing population structure, quantitative genomics, and hybridization in polar bears.
Seismic Risk Model for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China: Considering Epistemic Uncertainty from the Seismic Hazard Models
Authors: Ma Jian , Goda Katsuichiro , Liu Kai , Vitor Silva , Rao Anirudh , Wang Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study presents a probabilistic seismic risk model for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in China. The model comprises a township-level residential building exposure model, a vulnerability model derived from the Chinese building taxonomy, and a regional probabilistic seismic hazard model. The three components are integrated by a stochastic event-based method of the OpenQuake engine to assess the regional seismic risk in terms of average annual loss and exceedance probability curve at the city, province, and regional levels. The novelty and uniqueness of this study are that a probabilistic seismic risk model for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in China is developed by considering the impact of site conditions and epistemic uncertainty from the seismic hazard model.
Emerging Opportunities in Distributed Manufacturing: Results and Analysis of an Expert Study
Authors: Daehn Glenn , Blue Craig , Johnson-Bey Charles , Lewandowski John J. , Mahoney Tom , Okwudire Chinedum , Rossman Tali , Schmitz Tony , Silveston Rebecca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOver the last few decades, globalization has weakened the US manufacturing sector. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed import dependencies and supply chain shocks that have raised public and private awareness of the need to rebuild domestic production. A range of new technologies, collectively called Industry 4.0, create opportunities to revolutionize domestic and local manufacturing. Success depends on further refinement of those technologies, broad implementation throughout private companies, and concerted efforts to rebuild the industrial commons, the national ecosystem of producers, suppliers, service providers, educators, and workforce necessary to regain a competitive, innovative manufacturing sector. A recent workshop sponsored by the Engineering Research Visioning Alliance (ERVA) identified a range of challenges and opportunities to build a resilient, flexible, scalable, and high-quality manufacturing sector. This paper provides a strategic roadmap for regaining US manufacturing leadership by briefly summarizing discussions at the ERVA-sponsored workshop held in 2023 and providing additional analysis of key technical and economic issues that must be addressed to achieve dynamic, high-value manufacturing in the USA. The focus of this presentation is on discrete manufacturing of production of structural components, a large subset of total manufacturing that produces high-value inputs and finished products for domestic consumption and export.
The clinical implications of using a low threshold for computed tomography scans in older patients presenting with a proximal femur fracture
Authors: van Westendorp S. , Robben S. H. M. , van Hooft M. A. A. , Dierckx S. A. A. , Maas H. A. A. M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Current guidelines recommend a low threshold for computerized tomography (CT) scanning in older patients presenting with low-energy trauma (LET). With the ageing of the population, this results in increased use of healthcare resources and costs. We aim to assess (1) the number of CT scans performed as part of the initial trauma screening, (2) their traumatic clinical implications, and (3) their non-traumatic clinical implications.

Methods
A retrospective study in patients ≥ 70 years presenting at a Dutch trauma centre with a proximal femur fracture following a LET between 2021 and 2022. We collected data concerning demographics, Clinical Frailty Scale, Injury Severity Score, number of CT scans and whether the results of these scans altered clinical management.

Results
We included 278 patients. Median age was 83.0 years (IQR 77.0–89.0), median ISS was 9 (IQR 9–10) and, most common mechanism of injury was a ground level fall (n = 159, 57.2%). In 49 patients (17.6%) one or more CT scans were performed. These scans did not reveal co-existing traumatic injuries altering clinical management. In 2 patients (0.7%) incidental findings were found that immediately affected treatment.

Conclusion
Our study concludes that (1) approximately one in five patients with a proximal femur fracture received a CT scan as part of the initial trauma screening, resulting in (2) no traumatic and (3) minimal non-traumatic clinical implications. Therefore, a restrictive policy can be justified in patients with no additional clinical signs or symptoms and admission to the hospital. Further prospective research would be valuable to confirm our results.
Shared adversaries in the Anglo-American Special Relationship: from the Cold War to contemporary threats
Authors: Rees Wyn , Xu Ruike 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Anglo-American Special Relationship has been at its most vibrant when the two countries have shared a common adversary. The Cold War confrontation with the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies, and then Islamist terrorism during the ‘War on Terror’, gave the relationship strength and purpose. Within these periods of intense cooperation, however, there were issues that caused tensions between the two sides. The Special Relationship languished during the decade after the end of the Cold War, as well as the period between 2008 and 2021. During these periods, the US and the UK lacked a shared external threat, which consequently led to a decline in the vitality of their bilateral cooperation. Now, however, the Special Relationship is beginning to face a new era of threat. Russia, following its 2022 invasion of Ukraine, and China, represent a dual challenge that is once again galvanizing the Special Relationship.
Rare-metal-free hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysts based on metal azaphthalocyanine molecular layer for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis
Authors: Hirai Yutaro , Ishibashi Kosuke , Oku Keisuke , Ito Koju , Yabu Hiroshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this report, we elucidated the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity of different metal-azaphthalocyanine unimolecular layer (AZUL) catalysts and compared the overpotentials in alkaline electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE). While the overpotentials are bit higher compared to Pt/C, the system utilizing the FeAzPc-4N with Sustainion® showed a low overpotential of 2.02 V at 1.0 A/cm2 and faraday efficiency of 96.3% even among the previous alternative catalysts. It is noteworthy that the AZUL catalysts are not using precious metals and even comparing with other transition metal electrocatalysts, metal atom usage is much lower because only the single transition metal atom in the azapthalocyanine macrocycle works as a catalytic site.
Crustal Structure and Anisotropy Measured by CHINArray and Implications for Complicated Deformation Mechanisms Beneath the Eastern Tibetan Margin
Authors: Zeng Sijia , Niu Fenglin , Sun Ya , Ai Sanxi , Wang Sixue , Zheng Yong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe investigated velocity and anisotropic structure of the crust beneath the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau to better understand its deformation and evolution mechanism. We performed H‐κ and Pms anisotropy analyses to obtain crustal thickness, Vp/Vs ratio, fast polarization direction, and splitting time from 711 stations, and further conducted quality control using slowness, harmonic and statistical analyses. The Songpan‐Ganzi Block has a large splitting time and a fast polarization direction roughly parallel to the GPS motion and SKS fast direction. It also shows an overall high but complex distribution of Vp/Vs ratio, and large variations in crustal thickness, indicating that crustal deformation is likely caused by crustal shortening and lower crustal flow. The northern Sichuan‐Yunnan Rhombic Block (SYRB) is featured by a thick crust and high Vp/Vs ratio, suggesting that the crust is likely inflated by partial melting lower crustal rocks. The subblock also exhibits a strong azimuthal anisotropy with a splitting time greater than 0.6 s. The fast polarization direction aligns with the nearly N‐S extended direction and rotates clockwise in front of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP). The observed anisotropy agrees with aligned amphibole minerals under a simple shear condition, supporting a southward lower crust flow being diverted by the ELIP. Anisotropy measurements on the southern SYRB are less robust and widely scattered, suggesting a deformation mechanism different from the northern SYRB. In addition, the southeastern margin of the Sichuan Basin shows a systematic pattern of crustal anisotropy consistent with a pure shear deformation mechanism.
A Comparative Analysis of Logarithmic Law, Reynolds Stress, and Turbulence Kinetic Energy Methods for Bed Shear Stress Estimation in Complex Open‐Channel Flow
Authors: Jeon Jeongsook , Kang SeokKoo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNumerous indirect methods for estimating the bed shear stress using velocity or turbulent stress profiles have been suggested in previous research. Although these methods have proven effective for simple boundary‐layer‐type flows, their efficacy in complex flow scenarios remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive capabilities of three popular indirect bed‐shear‐stress estimation methods—the logarithmic law, Reynolds shear stress (RSS), and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) techniques—in a complex flow environment involving an obstacle in an open channel, producing massive flow separation and unsteady vortex shedding. To circumvent the difficulties of direct bed shear‐stress measurements, the reference bed shear stress was obtained from a high‐resolution wall‐resolving large‐eddy simulation (LES) data set. The key findings of this study are as follows: First, the logarithmic law and TKE methods were effective only in regions where the streamlines were almost parallel to the primary flow direction. Second, the ratio of the bed shear stress to TKE varied significantly in space in complex‐flow regions, rendering TKE methods virtually ineffective in these areas. Third, the RSS methods successfully reproduced the LES‐computed bed shear stress distributions, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Fourth, the accuracy of the RSS methods was influenced by two critical factors: (a) the incorporation of the transverse RSS component in the RSS extrapolation and (b) the selection of extrapolation techniques. Finally, this study recommends the use of RSS methods employing two‐point extrapolation for bed shear‐stress estimation in complex flows.
Evaporation Duct Anomalies Caused by Mesoscale Eddies in the Kuroshio Extension
Authors: Gao Yuan , Zhang Yongchui , Zhao Xiaofeng , Shi Yang , Guo Xiangming , Wang Bo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEvaporation duct anomalies are always present above various oceanic processes, and their response to ubiquitous mesoscale eddies in the Kuroshio Extension region is quantitatively analyzed for the first time in this study using a synthetic analysis method based on reanalysis data sets and eddy trajectory data sets. The results indicated that the spatial distribution of evaporation duct anomalies is characterized by a monopole pattern, mainly modulated by the amplitude of anticyclonic eddies (AEs) and by the radius of cyclonic eddies (CEs). For AEs, the coupling strength is 0.7 m (2.9 M) per meter increase in amplitude, while for CEs, the coupling strength is 0.2 m (0.6 M) per 100 km increase in radius for the average evaporation duct height anomalies (evaporation duct strength anomalies) within the radius range. The modulation of evaporation duct anomalies by eddies is further examined.
Multiscale Interactions Driving Summer Extreme Precipitation in Central Asia
Authors: Lei Hongjia , Ma Qianrong , Chang Yi , Gu Yu , Wan Shiquan , Zhu Zhiwei , Feng Guolin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study identified four patterns of regional extreme precipitation events (REPEs) in Central Asia (CA) and their crucial synoptic systems and multiscale interactions. Four patterns with distinct spatial distributions were identified in: northern Kazakhstan, southern Xinjiang, western CA, and the Tianshan Mountains. Focusing on the three most frequent REPEs, the kinetic energy (KE) cross‐scale transfer from the basic‐to synoptic‐scale windows exhibited a zonal dipole, resulting in the development and enhancement of REPEs in northern Kazakhstan. The available potential energy (APE) cross‐scale transfer exhibited opposing patterns between the upper and lower troposphere, indicating baroclinic instability in the lower troposphere and barotropic instability of the basic flow in the upper troposphere. Both mechanisms enhanced the Central Asian vortices (CAVs) in southern Xinjiang and induced REPEs. Conversely, the energy budgets exhibited baroclinic instability of the basic flow throughout the entire region when the Tianshan Mountains REPEs occurred, providing energy for prevalent CAVs.
High‐Resolution Characterization of the Firn Layer Near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Camp With Active and Passive Seismic Data
Authors: Qin Lei , Qiu Hongrui , Nakata Nori , Booth Adam , Zhang Zhendong , Karplus Marianne , McKeague John , Clark Roger , Kaip Galen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe construct a high‐resolution shear‐wave velocity (VS) model for the uppermost 100 m using ambient noise tomography near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide camp. This is achieved via joint inversion of Rayleigh wave phase velocity and H/V ratio, whose signal‐to‐noise ratios are boosted by three‐station interferometry and phase‐matched filtering, respectively. The VS shows a steep increase (0.04–0.9 km/s) in the top 5 m, with sharp interfaces at ∼8–12 m, followed by a gradual increase (1.2–1.8 km/s) between 10 and 45 m depth, and to 2 km/s at ∼65 m. The compressional‐wave velocity and empirically‐obtained density profile compares well with the results from Herglotz–Wiechert inversion of diving waves in active‐source shot experiments and ice core analysis. Our approach offers a tool to characterize high‐resolution properties of the firn and shallow ice column, which helps to infer the physical properties of deeper ice sheets, thereby contributes to improved understanding of Earth's cryosphere.
Slip Tendency Analysis From Sparse Stress and Satellite Data Using Physics‐Guided Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Poulet Thomas , Behnoudfar Pouria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe significant risk associated with fault reactivation often necessitates slip tendency analyses for effective risk assessment. However, such analyses are challenging, particularly in large areas with limited or absent reliable stress measurements and where the cost of extensive geomechanical analyses or simulations is prohibitive. In this paper, we propose a novel approach using a physics‐informed neural network that integrates stress orientation and satellite displacement observations in a top‐down multi‐scale framework to estimate two‐dimensional slip tendency analyses even in regions lacking comprehensive stress data. Our study demonstrates that velocities derived from a continental scale analysis, combined with reliable stress orientation averages, can effectively guide models at smaller scales to generate qualitative slip tendency maps. By offering customizable data selection and stress resolution options, this method presents a robust solution to address data scarcity issues, as exemplified through a case study of the South Australian Eyre Peninsula.