bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary evaluation of a novel intraparenchymal capacitive intracranial pressure monitor
Authors: Aquilina Kristian , Thoresen Marianne , Chakkarapani Ela , Pople Ian K. , Coakham Hugh B. , Edwards Richard J. 
Published: May 2011

Object
Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitors are currently based on fluid-filled, strain gauge, or fiberoptic technology. Capacitive sensors have minimal zero drift and energy requirements, allowing long-term implantation and telemetric interrogation; their application to neurosurgery has only occasionally been reported. The aim of this study was to undertake a preliminary in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a capacitive telemetric implantable ICP monitor.

Methods
Four devices were tested in air- and saline-filled pressure chambers; long-term capacitance-pressure curves were obtained. Devices implanted in a gel phantom and in a piglet were placed in a 3-T MR unit to evaluate MR compatibility. Four devices were implanted in a piglet neonatal hydrocephalus model; output was compared with ICP obtained through fluid-filled transduction and a strain-gauge ICP monitor.

Results
The capacitance-pressure relationship was constant over 4 weeks, suggesting minimal zero drift during this period. There were no temperature changes around the monitor. Signal loss at the sensor was minimal in both the phantom and the piglet. Over 114,000 measurements were obtained; the difference between mean capacitive ICP and fluid-transduced ICP was 1.8 ± 1.42 mm Hg. The correlation between ICP from the capacitive sensor and fluid-filled transducer (r = 0.97, p < 0.0001) or strain-gauge monitor (r = 0.99, p < 0.0001) was excellent. In vivo monitoring was restricted to 48 hours due to problems with robustness in the clinical environment.

Conclusions
This preliminary study demonstrates minimal long-term zero drift in vitro, good MR compatibility, and good correlation with other methods of ICP monitoring in vivo in the short term. Further long-term in vivo study is required.
Meta-analysis of instrumented posterior interbody fusion versus instrumented posterolateral fusion in the lumbar spine
Authors: Zhou Zhi-Jie , Zhao Feng-Dong , Fang Xiang-Qian , Zhao Xing , Fan Shun-Wu 
Published: May 2011

ObjectThe authors compared the effectiveness of instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion (iPLIF) and instrumented posterolateral fusion (iPLF) for the treatment of low-back pain (LBP) due to degenerative lumbar disease.MethodsRelevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative observational studies through December 2009 were identified using a retrieval strategy of sensitive and specific searches. The study design, participant characteristics, interventions, follow-up rate and period, and outcomes were abstracted after the assessment of methodological quality of the trials. Analyses were performed following the method guidelines of the Cochrane Back Review Group.ResultsNine studies were identified—3 RCTs and 6 comparative observational studies. No significant difference was found between the 2 fusion procedures in the global assessment of clinical outcome (OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.71–3.22, p = 0.29) and complication rate (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.16–1.86, p = 0.34). Both techniques were effective in reducing pain and improving functional disability, as well as restoring intervertebral disc height. Instrumented PLIF was more effective in achieving solid fusion (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.35–5.00, p = 0.004), a lower reoperation rate (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.03–1.29, p = 0.09), and better restoration of segmental angle and lumbar lordotic angle than iPLF. There were no significant differences between the fusion methods regarding blood loss (weighted mean difference –179.63, 95% CI –516.42 to 157.15, p = 0.30), and operating time (weighted mean difference 8.03, 95% CI –45.46 to 61.53, p = 0.77).ConclusionsThe authors' analysis provided moderate-quality evidence that iPLIF has the advantages of higher fusion rate and better restoration of spinal alignment over iPLF. No significant differences were identified between iPLIF and iPLF concerning clinical outcome, complication rate, operating time, and blood loss.
Les voix en psychiatrie
Authors: Janody Patricia 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le traitement des « voix », en zone occidentale, se caractérise par la centralisation du lieu de leur réception : l’hôpital psychiatrique. Ce dispositif de société présente certes l’inconvénient de couper les « voix » de leur source pulsionnelle, mais il offre l’intérêt d’indiquer une place vide avec laquelle doivent négocier tant les porteurs de « voix » que leurs interlocuteurs soignants. Un certain style de traduction y est requis, connectant le trop-plein des « voix » au vide du lieu. Or, la crise actuelle en psychiatrie est liée à une « voix » sociale unifiante qui infiltre le lieu et écrase les manifestations plurielles des « voix » hallucinées, au profit d’une protocolisation des comportements. Contre cet écrasement, l’urgence est de dégager les espaces utiles à l’expression des « voix » dans leur hétérogénéité, et de faire jouer les processus de traduction qu’elles initient.
On a Conjecture of Chowla and Milnor
Authors: Gun Sanoli , Ram Murty M. , Rath Purusottam 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a conjecture due to S. and P. Chowla and its generalization by Milnor. These are related to the delicate question of non-vanishing of L-functions associated to periodic functions at integers greater than 1. We report on some progress in relation to these conjectures. In a different vein, we link them to a conjecture of Zagier on multiple zeta values and also to linear independence of polylogarithms.
The Cubic Dirac Operator for Infinite-Dimensonal Lie Algebras
Authors: Meinrenken Eckhard 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLet be an infinite-dimensional graded Lie algebra, with dim , equipped with a non-degenerate symmetric bilinear form B of degree 0. The quantum Weil algebra is a completion of the tensor product of the enveloping and Clifford algebras of g. Provided that the Kac–Peterson class of g vanishes, one can construct a cubic Dirac operator D 2 , whose square is a quadratic Casimir element. We show that this condition holds for symmetrizable Kac– Moody algebras. Extending Kostant's arguments, one obtains generalized Weyl–Kac character formulas for suitable “equal rank” Lie subalgebras of Kac–Moody algebras. These extend the formulas of G. Landweber for affine Lie algebras.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF HYPERELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF TIRE RUBBERS UNDER MODERATE FINITE DEFORMATION
Authors: Li Xu , Dong Yi , Li Ziran , Xia Yuanming 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The hyperelastic behavior of unfilled natural rubber and some kinds of filled rubbers used in tire industry is tested by applying automated grid method. More accurate stress–strain data of tested rubber specimens at different temperatures are obtained. Test results show that different from the unfilled natural rubber whose stiffness increases linearly with temperature rising, the filled tire rubber has a tendency first to become soft and then to become stiff through its “critical temperature.” And this trend shift could be qualitatively interpreted by the joint action of two kinds of mechanisms, namely, the “energy elasticity” and the “entropy elasticity” effect. Besides, based on consideration of the relationship between model parameters and environmental temperature, the modified Arruda–Boyce model is extended to its explicit temperature-dependent form. Fitting results illustrate that this new model could take the temperature effect on hyperelastic behavior of tire rubbers into account well, and with an easy form, it is of convenient and practical usefulness in some relevant engineering application.
CROSSLINKING OF SATURATED ELASTOMERS WITH DIAZIDES. PART I: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF VULCANIZATES
Authors: Zielińska A. J. , Noordermeer J. W. M. , Talma A. G. , Van Duin M. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
For vulcanization of fully saturated elastomers peroxide/coagent systems are commonly applied. Problems encountered with peroxides however, are reduced efficiency, especially in the presence of plasticizing oils, and unwanted side reactions. In this paper diazides are presented as alternatives to peroxide vulcanization systems, particularly in combination with the use of plasticizing oils. The performance of three diazides; tri(ethylene glycol)-di(azidoformate) (GDAF), 4,4′-isopropylidenediphenyl azidoformate (4,4′DAF) and 1,3-benzenedisulfonyl azide (1,3BDSA) is investigated. For the evaluation of the practical product performance, carbon black filled and oil extended compounds of EPM and EPDM-rubbers are used. It is also investigated how the presence of carbon black and plasticizing oil influences the diazide reaction kinetics.
CROSS-LINKING OF SATURATED ELASTOMERS WITH DI-AZIDES. PART II: MECHANISTIC STUDY
Authors: Zielińska A. J. , Noordermeer J. W. M. , Talma A. G. , Peters R. , Van Duin M. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In the first part, one di-sulfonyl azide: 1,3BDSA, and two di-azidoformates: GDAF and 4,4′DAF, were selected and extensively investigated as curing agents for EP(D)M rubbers. Although the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates vary significantly with the particular di-azide used, all of them act as effective curing agents compared to a peroxide/coagent curing system. To explain the differences in properties as well as to obtain a deeper understanding of the reaction mechanism, model compound experiments are performed with 4-methylheptane as substitute for the saturated ethylene–propylene copolymer rubber backbone. Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry as analytical tools, a basic understanding of the reaction mechanisms between sulfonyl azide and azidoformate functionalities and saturated hydrocarbons is obtained.
Expanding the phenotype of gingival fibromatosis–mental retardation–hypertrichosis (Zimmermann–Laband) syndrome
Authors: Chacon‐Camacho Oscar F. , Vázquez Johanna , Zenteno Juan C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractZimmermann–Laband syndrome (ZLS) is a rare disorder characterized by gingival fibromatosis, hypertrichosis, intellectual disability, and absence and/or hypoplasia of the nails or terminal phalanges of the hands and feet. The syndromic features of ZLS are highly variable and can overlap with other entities featuring gingival fibrosis. This study describes a patient with ZLS with novel findings, including colpocephaly, hemivertebra, polydactyly, hyperpigmentation, and hemihyperplasia. Thus, the present report expands the phenotypic spectrum of this uncommon syndrome. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolated oligodontia associated with mutations in EDARADD, AXIN2, MSX1, and PAX9 genes
Authors: Bergendal Birgitta , Klar Joakim , Stecksén‐Blicks Christina , Norderyd Johanna , Dahl Niklas 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOligodontia is defined as the congenital lack of six or more permanent teeth, excluding third molars. Oligodontia as well as hypodontia (lack of one or more permanent teeth) are highly heritable conditions associated with mutations in the AXIN2, MSX1, PAX9, EDA, and EDAR genes. Here we define the prevalence of mutations in the AXIN2, MSX1, PAX9, EDA, and EDAR genes, and the novel candidate gene EDARADD in a cohort of 93 Swedish probands with non‐syndromic, isolated oligodontia. Mutation screening was performed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and DNA sequence analysis. Analyses of the coding sequences of the six genes showed sequence alterations predicted to be damaging or potentially damaging in ten of 93 probands (10.8%). Mutations were identified in the EDARADD (n = 1), AXIN2 (n = 3), MSX1 (n = 2), and PAX9 (n = 4) genes, respectively. None of the 10 probands with mutations had other self‐reported symptoms from ectodermal tissues. The oral parameters were similar when comparing individuals with and without mutations but a family history of oligodontia was three times more frequent for probands with mutations. EDARADD mutations have previously been reported in a few families segregating hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and this is, to our knowledge, the first report of an EDARADD mutation associated with isolated oligodontia. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
5q14.3 neurocutaneous syndrome: A novel continguous gene syndrome caused by simultaneous deletion of RASA1 and MEF2C
Authors: Carr Christopher W. , Zimmerman Holly H. , Martin Christa Lese , Vikkula Miikka , Byrd Adam C. , Abdul‐Rahman Omar A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHaploinsufficiency of RASA1, located on chromosome 5q14.3, has been identified as the etiology underlying the disorder capillary malformation–arteriovenous malformation (CM–AVM). Recently, haploinsufficiency of MEF2C, located 1.33 Mb distal to RASA1 on chromosome 5q14.3, has been implicated as the genetic etiology underlying a complex array of deficits including mental retardation, hypotonia, absent speech, seizures, and brain anomalies. Here we report a patient who is haploinsufficient in both RASA1 and MEF2C who presents with dermatologic and neurologic abnormalities that constitute a 5q14.3 neurocutaneous syndrome. This finding highlights the need to assess for CM–AVM in patients with neurologic features consistent with MEF2C haploinsufficiency, and vice versa. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concentrations and Distributions of Atmospheric Trace Gases
Authors: Ehhalt D. H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe tropospheric concentrations of most reactive trace gases have been found to vary in space and time. Many show systematic secular trends and seasonal variations, as well as consistent large scale patterns in their global concentration distributions, in particular when projected on the latitude by altitude plane. The measured trends and seasonal variations of the most important trace gases are presented and their origins briefly discussed. —Special emphasis will be given to the latitude by altitude distributions of CH4, C2H6, CO, O3 and NO measured during the STRATOZ III mission. All of these distributions show a latitudinal gradient with higher concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere due to anthropogenic emissions. Their vertical gradient is indicative of fast vertical convective transport during summer. – The short lived trace gases also show strong variations in the longitude by altitude plane. These will be demonstrated using the model calculated distribution of NO.
Fast Scanning Laser DOAS for Local Monitoring of Trace Gases, in Particular Tropospheric OH Radicals
Authors: Armerding W. , Spiekermann M. , Grigonis R. , Walter J. , Herbert A. , Comes F. J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA method for monitoring tropospheric OH and other tropospheric trace gases is described which makes use of differential absorption spectroscopy and is based on the fast scanning of a narrowbanded and power‐stabilized laser. Due to the fast scanning the remaining influences due to atmospheric fluctuations are negligibly small. The modulation and fluctuation of the light source are minimized by a closed loop modulator system. The absorption path is folded by a multiple reflection system with a special design for tropospheric measurements which allows local trace gas measurements in a compartment of only some meters with a well known chemistry. A field campaign was carried out with this instrument on the Schauinsland, Black Forest, Germany. A detection limit better than 10−5 corresponding to an OH concentration of 5 · 105OH/cm3 was achieved in local tropospheric air.
Ab Initio Calculations on Selected Chlorine Oxygen Compounds
Authors: Rathmann T. , Schindler R. N. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractModified G1 calculations were carried out for ClO, OClO, ClOO, ClOCl, HOCl and three isomers of ClO3. For the first five of these molecules the effects of varying the number of additional polarization functions on the atomization energies were studied. The zero point heats of formation were calculated for ClO · O2 (41 kcal/mol), OCl · O2 (58 kcal/mol), and sym‐ClO3 (48 kcal/mol).
Rate Constants of the Reactions of CF3O2, i‐C3H7O2 and t‐C4H9O2 with NO
Authors: Peeters J. , Vertommen J. , Langhans I. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe kinetics of the title reactions have been studied at T = 290 K and p = 2 Torr He using the fast‐flow technique combined with molecular‐beam sampling mass spectrometry. – In our novel approach, the total rate constant k1 ofRO2 + NO → RO + NO2/RONO2 (1)is determined from the shape of the NO2‐growth profile. The validity of the method is demonstrated by the nearly identical results for k1, (CF3O2 + NO) obtained from CF3O2‐decays: k1 = (1.54 ± 0.35) · 10−11 and from NO2‐growths: k1 = (1.51 ± 0.4) · 10−11 cm3 s−1, in excellent agreement also with previous determinations. – Rate coefficient data of alkylperoxy + NO reactions, derived from NO2‐profiles, are reported for i‐C3H7O2 + NO: k1 = (5.0 ± 1.2) · 10−12 and for t‐C4H9O2 + NO: k1 = (4.0 ± 1.1) · 10−12 cm3 s−1. Our results, in combination with literature values for smaller peroxy radicals, indicate a marked decrease of the rate coefficient with increasing CH3‐substitution. Including data on haloalkyl‐ and acetylperoxy reactions, the reactivity of RO2 towards NO is shown to correlate with the electron acceptor/donor properties of substituents on the α‐carbon.
The Importance of the Mean Dipole Polarizability α(ω,T,ρ) of Small Molecules in Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere
Authors: Kerl K. , Hohm U. , Varchmin H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this contribution we discuss briefly some experimental results of the mean dipole volume polarizability α(ω, T,ρ) of some small molecules as a function of electromagnetic radiation frequency ω (dispersion), temperature T, and molar density ρ of the corresponding gases, which should be of interest in physics and chemistry of the atmosphere. Selected gases are the noble gases, the molecular gases H2, N2, O2, CO2, CH4, C(CH3)4, CH3OH, CF2Cl2, and the gas mixture air. A more detailed discussion including an extended list of references is given elsewhere [1].
Chemistry and Photochemistry in Atmospheric Water Drops
Authors: Warneck Peter 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA survey is given of chemical reactions occurring in the aqueous phase of clouds and fogs. Expanding on a previous discussion of the subject, the following aspects are emphasised: nitrogen oxide chemistry, aqueous photochemistry, and the interaction of Fe(II) and Fe(III) with the ionic species following from the dissolution of sulphur dioxide in water.
Atmospheric Reactions in Cryogenic Matrices: Photooxidation of Carbonyl Sulfide (SCO) by Ozone
Authors: Jaeger K. , Weller R. , Schrems O. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPhotooxidation of carbonyl sulfide (SCO) in the presence of ozone has been studied in solid matrices under stratospheric irradiation conditions. The matrix experiments allowed the isolation and identification of SCO · O3 1:1 aggregates. Selective photolysis of O3 yielded O(1D) atoms and subsequent reaction with SCO resulted in the primary formation of CO2 + S. The sulfur atoms generated this way are oxidized to SO2 by O2, which has been formed during photofragmentation of O3. In further steps SO2 reacted with diffusing O atoms to SO3 and SO4. Experiments with isotopically labeled precursors confirmed the conclusions that the photolysis of 18O3 · SCO hetero‐complexes leads to S18O2, S18O3, and 16OC18O formation.
Modern Finite‐Volume Advection Schemes: Numerical Experiments in a One‐Dimensional Test‐Bed
Authors: Müller Rolf 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe numerical solution of the transport (i.e. the continuity) equation for trace species, in particular in three‐dimensional circulation models, has recently received much attention. Two conceptually different approaches are common. Firstly, classical numerical methods employed in circulation models for the solution of other continuity equations are also used for the. transport problem. Secondly, methods have been developed, that are especially designed to obviate problems arising in the numerical solution of the transport equation. In a recent study (Müller [1]) both approaches were investigated and compared in a simple one‐dimensional test‐bed. It was concluded that it is questionable whether classical numerical methods are able to control undesirable numerical artefacts such as dispersive ripples, negative concentrations, phase errors and numerical diffusion. The modern advection schemes, in contrast, perform considerably better, where computationaly relatively inexpensive schemes (Bott [2], Smolarkiewicz, and Grabowski [3]) are preferable if a certain amount of numerical diffusion can be tolerated. Moreover, numerical diffusion can be controled much better if more sophisticated methods (Prather [4], Carpenter et al. [5]) are employed. This, however, increases the computational effort considerably. Here, some hitherto undis‐cussed aspects of Eulerian finite‐volume schemes are elucidated. In particular, it is shown that interpolation based schemes can advect multiple peak structures properly, provided the resolution is sufficient. Further, advection schemes, originally designed for transporting shock fronts, are shown to possess problematic features if applied to other (in this case triangular) structures.
Quantum efficiencies, absolute intensities and signal‐to‐blackbody ratios of high‐temperature laser‐induced thermographic phosphors
Authors: Khalid A. H. , Kontis K. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThere are a number of issues related to high‐temperature phosphor thermometry, which include measurement of faster decays, decreasing emission intensity and rising levels of blackbody radiation, that will impose limits on the maximum delectable temperature. This paper provides absolute intensity measurements, quantum efficiencies and signal‐to‐blackbody radiation ratios at peak emission wavelengths, at various temperatures (20–1400°C), for Y2O3:Eu, YAG:Tb and YAG:Tm thermographic phosphors under 266 and 355 nm excitation from a Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser. These terms are beneficial in a number of ways for engineers wanting to use a phosphor thermometry solution at high temperatures. They may also provide additional insight to the physical luminescence processes of phosphors at high temperatures. The phosphor signal:blackbody radiation ratio is useful because it combines the effects of blackbody radiation and phosphor emission intensities at various temperatures, providing a valuable quantitative evaluation that can be used as a design aid for phosphor selection. A figure of merit is the temperature when the blackbody radiation equals the phosphor emission (ratio = 1); this is the cross‐over temperature at which the blackbody radiation rapidly starts to overtake and mask out phosphor emissions. To the best of our knowledge no such work exists previously. The results presented show a variation in phosphor intensity with increasing temperature, and although the intensity and quantum efficiencies for Y2O3:Eu and YAG:Tb were much greater than YAG:Tm at low temperatures, YAG:Tm was found to be the most efficient phosphor investigated at higher temperatures (>900°C). With a peak emission wavelength of 458 nm, YAG:Tm experienced the lowest proportion of blackbody radiation therefore its advantage at higher temperatures was further amplified and was found to offer an advantage of approximately +350°C and +250°C increased upper temperature capability compared to Y2O3:Eu and YAG:Tb phosphors, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.