bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0937 Development of the Affective Neuroscience Dream Rating Scale
Authors: Drake Christopher , Mahr Greg , Reffi Anthony , Son Kimberly , Seymour Grace , sagong Chaewon , Jankowiak Lily , Pawirosetiko Joy , Hehr Aneesh , Cheng Philip , Kalmbach David , Roth Thomas , Moore David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Methods for quantifying emotional dream content have been developed. These approaches have yielded significant insights into dream content, their relation to waking cognition, and mental health. The current dream rating scale was developed to improve upon previous approaches by conceptualizing the scale based on the known fundamental affective neuronal circuits within the brain.

Methods
Seventy-seven items were developed representing fundamental emotions (SEEKING, RAGE, FEAR, LUST, CARE, GRIEF and PLAY). One-hundred dreams were randomly selected from a dream database (www.dream-bank.net). To determine interrater agreement, two raters scored all 77-items for each of the 100 dreams based on if the emotional content was present or not. Items with an interrater agreement (kappa) below .5 were excluded. Nightmares (i.e., extremely unpleasant or disturbing dreams) were independently identified by a sleep-trauma expert and compared to non-nightmares for the 7 scales.

Results
Thirty-three items (kappa &gt; 0.5; range .5-.82) were retained for the final scale. Of the items retained, 29 (85%) were endorsed in 10% or more of dreams. The most frequently identified items in the final scale were danger (44%) and fear (45%). Seven emotional dream scales were apriori identified with 3-9 items each being retained in the final scales. Scales were significantly correlated between raters (r = .54 to .88, p&lt; .001). Across the 100 dreams FEAR was the highest endorsed emotion scale while GRIEF was lowest. As expected, nightmares had significantly elevated scores compared to non-nightmares on the FEAR, RAGE, SEEKING and GRIEF scales (p&lt; .001) but not CARE, LUST, or PLAY.

Conclusion
This dream rating scale based on mammalian emotional circuits previously identified through affective neuroscience shows promise for quantifying and understanding the emotional content of dreams. Future studies will need to further validate this preliminary affective dream content scale using different populations including individuals exposed to trauma and those with mental health and sleep disorders to determine its clinical utility.

Support (if any)
N/A
0938 Exploring Nightmares Among US Veterans, Implications of Depression and Antidepressants
Authors: Shukri Ghaith , Wallace Douglas , Wohlgemuth William 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Nightmares are a frequent concern among US veterans, often linked to prevalent mental health conditions like depression and PTSD. Antidepressant medications are commonly used to manage these conditions, yet the association between their usage and the frequency of nightmares remains unclear.

Methods
The sample consisted of veterans at risk for sleep apnea at the Miami VA Sleep Center evaluated over one year. Veterans underwent home polysomnography (PSG) and completed questionnaires including demographics and the Munich Parasomnia Screening (MUPS). The frequency of nightmares was assessed using the nightmare item in MUPS. Electronic Medical Records were reviewed to obtain active medical and psychiatric diagnoses and active medication orders (including most common antidepressants: SSRIs, SNRIs, mirtazapine and bupropion) contemporaneous with the sleep evaluation.

Results
The study involved 649 veterans, predominantly male (84%) with mean age of 50 ± 14 years. Within this cohort, 49% were diagnosed with depression and 33% with PTSD. Regarding reported nightmare frequency, 16% indicated nightmares “never”, 9% “less than once a year”, 22% “once or several times a year”, 22% “once or several times a month”, 21% “once or several times a week” and 8% “almost every night.” Multiple regression was used to predict nightmares. In model 1, depression was positively associated with nightmares (p=0.001), independent of PTSD and AHI. In model 2, using an antidepressant versus not was positively associated with nightmares (p=0.05). However, depression was no longer significant (p=0.102). In model 3, type of antidepressants was evaluated, but only SSRIs were significant (p=0.04) while depression remained non-significant.

Conclusion
The findings highlight the prevalence of nightmares among veterans. Although depression was initially associated with increased nightmare frequency, when treatment for depression was considered, depression no longer predicted nightmares. Instead, antidepressants and specifically SSRIs predicted nightmares. Considering the type of antidepressant may be crucial when patients report nightmares. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of mental health conditions and medication effects on nightmares in this population.

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0939 Exposure to Neighborhood Violence and Sleep-Related Fears Predicts PTSD Symptoms Among Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Aliu Grace , Miller Katherine , Gehrman Philip , So Christine , Brownlow Janeese 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Living in neighborhoods with high levels of stress can have a profound impact on an individual’s sleep quality and mental health. Both chronic insufficient sleep and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been linked to a variety of adverse health outcomes. Data indicates that PTSD interferes with sleep in part due to its relationship with sleep-related fears. However, limited research has investigated the contribution of neighborhood stress and sleep-related fears experienced within an individual’s sleep environment. This study aimed to explore associations among exposure to neighborhood violence, sleep-related fears, and PTSD symptomatology.

Methods
Baseline data were obtained from participants who completed self-report measures as part of a larger study (N=45; Mean age=35.04 (SD=12.95); 62.2% Females). The Fear of Sleep Inventory (FoSI) assessed for past-month sleep-related fears within the sleep environment. The City Stress Inventory (CSI) assessed for exposure to neighborhood violence in the past year, and the PTSD-Checklist-5 (PCL-5) evaluated current PTSD symptom severity. A linear regression model identified the relationships between exposure to violence and sleep-related fears on PTSD symptoms.

Results
Data showed positive associations between exposure to neighborhood violence and sleep-related fears (r=.298, p=.047). There were also significant correlations between PTSD symptoms and violence exposure (r=.396, p=.007) and sleep-related fears (r=.613, p&lt;.001), respectively. A linear regression model indicated that exposure to violence and sleep-related fears were significant predictors of PTSD symptoms (R2=.426, p&lt;.001). Regression coefficients suggested that sleep-related fears (β=.543, p&lt;.001) were a stronger predictor of PTSD symptoms than exposure to violence (β=.234, p=.062).

Conclusion
There results indicate that living in an environment characterized by higher exposure to violence may lead to greater fear of going to sleep, likely due to perceived increases in vulnerability during sleep. The results, although cross-sectional, also suggest that greater fear of sleep is predictive of worse PTSD symptomatology. Based on study findings, sleep health screenings may be useful for those individuals experiencing trauma-related stress.

Support (if any)
This study was funded by a Center Grant from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences (Grant # P20GM103653).
0945 Sleep Health and Suicide Ideation in the US: Data from the National Sleep Foundation Sleep in America Poll
Authors: Saravanan Pranav , Gorovoy Suzanne , Fernandez Fabian-Xosé , Killgore William , Dzierzewski Joseph , Grandner Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Previous studies have shown that poor sleep is generally associated with suicide ideation. But few studies have examined this relationship in the general population across many dimensions of sleep health, and it is not clear which sleep variables are most salient.

Methods
Data were collected as part of the National Sleep Foundation Sleep In America Poll. The population-based sample (N=1,042) provided data on a range of sleep questions, as well as each item of the PHQ9 depression scale. For the present analyses, PHQ item 9 (suicide ideation) was examined as a binary outcome, with population-weighted regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, and PHQ2 depression score. Independent variables included sleep satisfaction, feeling refreshed, daytime energy, difficulty falling asleep, frequent nighttime awakenings, difficulty resuming sleep, satisfaction with weekday and weekend sleep duration, ability to feel relaxed, overall sleep quality, weekday and weekend bedtime, waketime, time in bed, sleep duration, perceived sleep need, and days/week (0-7) of: feeling well-rested, having trouble falling or staying asleep, sleep impacts functioning, daytime sleepiness, and sleep medication use. Bonferonni correction (0.05/26) was used.

Results
Population-weighted analyses adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, and PHQ2 depression score showed that elevated likelihood of suicide ideation was associated (all p&lt; 0.0019) with days/week: feeling well rested (OR=0.80/day), trouble falling asleep (OR=1.26/day), trouble staying asleep (OR=1.18/day), and sleep impacts functioning (OR=1.46/day). Weekday sleep duration (OR=0.73/hr), weekend sleep duration (OR=0.75/hr), “Very Dissatisfied” with sleep (OR=6.92), “Not energized at all” (OR=7.46), “A great deal” of trouble falling asleep (OR=6.91), “Very often” waking during the night (OR=5.75), “Very dissatisfied” with weekday (OR=6.95) and weekend (OR=7.81) sleep duration, and “Very difficult” to relax before bed (OR=10.04) were also associated. Stepwise analyses revealed that the variables that explain the most unique variance are (in order) days/week that sleep impacts functioning (R-squared 0.089) and satisfaction with weekend sleep duration (R-squared 0.012).

Conclusion
Many indicators of sleep health were associated with suicide ideation, implicating sleep duration, quality, efficiency, and daytime effects of sleep. Efforts might ideally focus on the daytime impacts of sleep as well as nighttime experiences.

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0946 Examining the Directional Effects of Insomnia, Anxiety, and Depression Symptoms: Results from a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Walker Jamie , Vargas Ivan , Muench Alexandria , Perlis Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Although there is evidence supporting high comorbidity rates among insomnia, anxiety, and depression, the temporal relationship among them is less clear. Prior research supports that the onset of depression is often preceded by symptoms of anxiety and insomnia, but the current study is the first to look at the temporal relationship among all three symptoms in an adult sample representative of the general population. Determining the temporal progression of these problems is important for prevention and intervention efforts, in that early treatment for insomnia and anxiety may reduce the risk of developing depression.

Methods
2,666 adult participants (Mage = 47.0, 79.0% female, 84.1% white) were recruited for an online study on health, resulting in a nationally representative sample. Well-validated instruments were used to measure symptoms of depression (CES-D), anxiety (STAI), and insomnia (ISI). Data was collected via Qualtrics surveys administered online at two time points (i.e., baseline and follow-up), with assessments conducted twice daily for two weeks in the morning and evening. Auto-regressive cross-lagged models were used to provide the best representation for how these data were collected, and allowed for temporal ordering at every pathway by examining the longitudinal relationship between each variable.

Results
Auto-regressive cross-lagged models revealed an indirect effect of anxiety symptoms on depression symptoms through insomnia symptoms. Tests of indirect effect were performed in two ways, using both insomnia T1 and insomnia T2 to provide temporal ordering between all three variables. The indirect effect of anxiety T1 on depression T2 through insomnia T1 was significant (β = 0.253, p &lt; 0.001). The indirect effect of anxiety T1 on depression T2 through insomnia T2 was also significant (β = 0.265, p &lt; 0.001). The almost-identical values for the two tests of indirect effect provide support for the presence of the temporal relationship between these three variables.

Conclusion
Results support the theory that insomnia may be one mechanism by which individuals with anxiety are at greater risk for developing depression. This is the first study to empirically evaluate a model in which insomnia symptoms explain the indirect effect of anxiety symptoms on depression symptoms in adults.

Support (if any)
Vargas: K23HL141581
0949 Sleep Quality and Self-Perceived Flourishing in Life
Authors: Killgore William , Hildebrand Lindsey , Henderson-Arredondo Kymberly , Reich-Fuehrer Melissa Melissa , Franca Gabriela , Wellman Camryn , Grandner Michael , Negelspach David , Huskey Alisa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep disruption has a significant effect on emotional wellbeing. Prior research suggests that poor sleep or insufficient sleep can impair mental health, emotional intelligence, mood, and life satisfaction. However, little is known about how sleep problems contribute to an individual’s self-perceived success in critical areas of interpersonal relationships, purpose, optimism, and self-esteem. Here we examined the associations between sleep quality and self-perceived flourishing in life using the Flourishing Scale. It was hypothesized that better sleep quality would be associated with increased flourishing.

Methods
125 healthy participants (86 female; age=24.1, SD=6.0 years) completed an online set of questionnaires about emotional skills and sleep. These included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which measures several dimensions of sleep disturbance, and the Diener et al. Flourishing Scale (FS), and 8-item scale that measures several dimensions of purpose/meaning and satisfaction with life, optimism, competence, and interpersonal relationships. Individual scales of the PSQI were correlated with the construct of Flourishing.

Results
FS was significantly correlated with Total PSQI (r=-.42, p&lt;.001). Subscale analysis revealed that this association was driven by several facets of the PSQI, including subjective sleep quality (r=.26, p=.003), sleep latency (r=-.35, p&lt;.001), sleep duration (r=-.30, p&lt;.001), sleep efficiency (r=-.18, p=.04), sleep disturbances (r=-.31, p&lt;.001), and daytime dysfunction (r=-.47, p&lt;.001). Sleep medications were unrelated to FS.

Conclusion
Flourishing, the self-perceived success in managing life and relationships competently was associated with multiple facets of self-perceived sleep quality. While these findings are limited by the self-report nature of the study, they do suggest that interventions to address sleep quality could affect broader aspects of mental health and emotional functioning that contribute to living a richer and more satisfying life.

Support (if any)
USAMRAA: W81XWH-16-1-0062
0951 Stress Mediates the Relationship Between Discrimination and Sleep in Middle Eastern and North African Americans
Authors: Rastegar Pedram , Zendels Philip , Peterman Amy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Discrimination is clearly associated with a number of poor health outcomes and emerging research demonstrates the possibility of a similarly negative relationship with sleep. Stress is posited as a mediator of the discrimination-sleep link, but this has not been explored among Middle Eastern and North African Americans (MENA). The current study explores the mediating role of stress in the relationship between discrimination and two sleep outcomes (sleep-related impairment and sleep disturbance) among MENA.

Methods
This sample included 126 participants who completed online Qualtrics surveys through Prolific. Participants completed self-report measures of discrimination (Brief PEDQ-CV; Brondolo et al., 2005), stress (Perceived Stress Scale; Cohen et al., 1983) and sleep. The latter was measured using the well-validated PROMIS short form sleep-related impairment and sleep disturbance scales (Yu et al., 2012). Process Macro Model 4 (Hayes, 2012) was run to examine the mediating role of stress on discrimination and sleep outcomes. Generational status and sexual orientation were used as covariates, as they were significantly correlated to focal variables.

Results
Discrimination predicted stress (b =2.61, SE = 0.75, p &lt; .01). Stress significantly both sleep-related impairment (b =0.67, SE = .08, p &lt; .001) and sleep disturbance (b =0.55, SE = 0.10, p &lt; .001). There was no direct effect of discrimination predicting sleep-related impairment (b =1.14, SE = 0.70, p =0.11) or sleep disturbance (b =0.98, SE = 0.85, p =0.25). However, there was a significant indirect effect of discrimination predicting sleep disturbance (b = 1.44; CI: 0.63-2.38) and sleep-related impairment (b = 1.75; CI: of 0.83-2.83) through stress as indicated by non-zero confidence intervals. These results indicate a full mediation effect of stress between discrimination and sleep-related impairment and discrimination and sleep disturbance.

Conclusion
Discrimination in MENA is associated with poor sleep through increased stress. These findings have implications for research and treatment in MENA. Immediate and short-term interventions for the effects of discrimination may include improving stress management to promote better sleep. Future research should continue to explore how to reduce discrimination and reduce its effects to promote sleep and overall health.

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0953 The Interaction Between Insomnia and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness on Cognitive and Somatic Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Roeper April , Ji Xiaopeng , Covington Lauren , Brownlow Janeese 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep and mental health are Healthy People 2030 Public Health priorities. Emerging adults experience a combination of biosocial and environmental changes that contribute to increased susceptibility to sleep disturbances and poor mental health during the college years. Excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia represent distinct sleep disturbances, and both have been linked to depressive symptomatology. However, few studies have examined their interactions on specific mood symptoms. This study explored the moderating effect of excessive daytime sleepiness on the relationship between insomnia and cognitive and somatic depressive symptoms.

Methods
Emerging adults (N=104, Mean age=20.22± .78, 81.7% Female) completed self-report measures on sleep and depressive symptoms. The insomnia severity index assessed for the nature, severity, and impact of insomnia symptoms, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. Excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth sleepiness scale. The Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) assessed for the presence and intensity of overall depressive symptoms, with cognitive and somatic depressive symptoms derived from subscales. Higher scores represented greater depressive severity. All statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS version 29, along with Hayes PROCESS macro for moderation analyses.

Results
Data showed a positive correlation between insomnia severity and excessive daytime sleepiness (r=.24, p=.01). We also found significant associations between insomnia severity and overall depressive symptoms (r=.52, p&lt;.001), cognitive depressive symptoms (r=.42, p&lt;.001) and somatic depressive symptoms (r=.58, p&lt;.001). Findings indicated significant main effects of insomnia (b=.95 ±.24, p&lt;.001) and excessive daytime sleepiness (b=.72 ±.31, p=.02) on cognitive depressive symptoms, and excessive daytime sleepiness significantly attenuated the association between insomnia and cognitive depressive symptoms (b=-.05 ±.02, p=.03). Results also indicated a significant main effect of insomnia, but not excessive daytime sleepiness (b=.05 ±.22, p=.81) on somatic depressive symptoms (b=.49 ±.17, p=.01). Additionally, there was no interaction between insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness on somatic depressive symptoms (b=-.001 ±.02, p=.96).

Conclusion
Data indicates that sleep disturbances are risk factors that need to be considered and addressed when treating depressive symptoms among emerging adults.

Support (if any)
This study was funded by a Center Grant from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences (Grant # P20GM103653).
0954 Associations Between Sleep Duration and Timing and Postpartum Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Cox Rebecca , Aylward Brandon , Macarelli Isabella , Okun Michele 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Postpartum anxiety is understudied and underdiagnosed in postpartum women, despite being more common than postpartum depression. Given associations between postpartum anxiety and adverse maternal and infant outcomes, it is crucial to identify patterns and predictors of postpartum anxiety. We examined the associations between sleep duration and timing and postpartum anxiety over 6 months following delivery.

Methods
Pregnant women (n=147; 30-39 weeks) with a history of depression completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 monthly following delivery for 6 months. Sleep duration and timing were extracted from the PSQI. Sleep timing was calculated as the midpoint between sleep onset and offset. In a multilevel model, sleep duration and timing were person-mean centered at level 1 (month level) and grand-mean centered at level 2 (participant level). Level 1 included main effects of time, sleep duration and timing, and interactions between time and person-mean centered sleep duration and timing and time and grand-mean centered sleep duration and timing. Level 2 included main effects of sleep duration and timing. Depression symptoms were included as a covariate at both levels.

Results
The intraclass correlation for anxiety symptoms was .46, supporting the use of a multilevel model. Anxiety symptoms increased over time (p&lt;.001). Months with shorter sleep duration were associated with higher concurrent anxiety symptoms (p&lt;.001). The effect of sleep duration on anxiety symptoms varied over time, such that those with shorter sleep duration reported higher anxiety symptoms than those with longer sleep duration in early postpartum months, whereas anxiety symptoms increased during later postpartum months regardless of sleep duration. Sleep timing was not significantly associated with anxiety symptoms (p&gt;.05).

Conclusion
Postpartum anxiety increased over time, suggesting such symptoms are not transient features of the immediate postpartum period and highlighting the need to identify predictors. Shorter sleep duration may signal risk for elevated postpartum anxiety on a monthly timescale, particularly during early postpartum months. Treatments aimed at promoting sleep to improve postpartum anxiety may be most effective if targeted at early postpartum months. Future research should replicate these findings with objective sleep measures.

Support (if any)
Happiest Baby, Inc.; NIH T32 HL149646