bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tirapazamine, Cisplatin, and Radiation Versus Cisplatin and Radiation for Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (TROG 02.02, HeadSTART): A Phase III Trial of the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group
Authors: Rischin Danny , Peters Lester J. , O'Sullivan Brian , Giralt Jordi , Fisher Richard , Yuen Kally , Trotti Andy , Bernier Jacques , Bourhis Jean , Ringash Jolie , Henke Michael , Kenny Lizbeth 
Published: May 2010

Purpose Promising results in a randomized phase II trial with the hypoxic cytotoxin tirapazamine (TPZ) combined with cisplatin (CIS) and radiation led to this phase III trial. Patients and Methods Patients with previously untreated stage III or IV (excluding T1-2N1 and M1) squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx were randomly assigned to receive definitive radiotherapy (70 Gy in 7 weeks) concurrently with either CIS (100 mg/m2) on day 1 of weeks 1, 4, and 7 or CIS (75 mg/m2) plus TPZ (290 mg/m2/d) on day 1 of weeks 1, 4, and 7 and TPZ alone (160 mg/m2/d) on days 1, 3, and 5 of weeks 2 and 3 (TPZ/CIS). The primary end point was overall survival (OS). The planned sample size was 850, estimated to result in 334 deaths, which would provide 90% power to detect a difference in 2-year survival rates of 60% v 70% for CIS versus TPZ/CIS, respectively (hazard ratio = 0.69). Results Eight hundred sixty-one patients were accrued from 89 sites in 16 countries. In an intent-to-treat analysis, the 2-year OS rates were 65.7% for CIS and 66.2% for TPZ/CIS (TPZ/CIS – CIS: 95% CI, −5.9% to 6.9%). There were no significant differences in failure-free survival, time to locoregional failure, or quality of life as measured by Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Head and Neck. Conclusions We found no evidence that the addition of TPZ to chemoradiotherapy, in patients with advanced head and neck cancer not selected for the presence of hypoxia, improves OS.
Neratinib, an Irreversible Pan-ErbB Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor: Results of a Phase II Trial in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sequist Lecia V. , Besse Benjamin , Lynch Thomas J. , Miller Vincent A. , Wong Kwok K. , Gitlitz Barbara , Eaton Keith , Zacharchuk Charles , Freyman Amy , Powell Christine , Ananthakrishnan Revathi , Quinn Susan , Soria Jean-Charles 
Published: May 2010

Purpose Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have had a significant impact on non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) outcomes, particularly for patients with EGFR mutations. Resistance emerges after 9 to 12 months, primarily mediated by the T790M resistance mutation. We studied neratinib, an irreversible pan-ErbB TKI that may overcome T790M. Patients and Methods Patients with advanced NSCLC underwent EGFR sequencing of available tumor tissue at enrollment. Those with ≥ 12 weeks of prior TKI therapy were placed in arm A if they were EGFR mutation positive or arm B if they were wild-type. Arm C included TKI-naïve patients with adenocarcinoma and light smoking histories (≤ 20 pack-years). All patients received daily oral neratinib, initially at 320 mg but subsequently reduced to 240 mg because of excessive diarrhea. The primary end point was objective response rate (RR). Results One-hundred sixty-seven patients were treated: 91 in arm A, 48 in arm B, and 28 in arm C. Diarrhea was the most common toxicity; grade 3 incidence was 50% at 320 mg but improved to 25% after dose reduction. The RR was 3% in arm A and zero in arms B and C. No patients with known T790M responded. Notably, three of four patients with an exon 18 G719X EGFR mutation had a partial response and the fourth had stable disease lasting 40 weeks. Conclusion Neratinib had low activity in patients with prior benefit from TKIs and in TKI-naïve patients, potentially because of insufficient bioavailability from diarrhea-imposed dose limitation. Responses were seen in patients with the rare G719X EGFR mutation, highlighting the importance of obtaining comprehensive genetic information on trials of targeted agents.
Displacement and Memory: Visual Narratives of al-Shatat in Michel Khleifi's Films
Authors: Telmissany May 
Published: May 2010

Cinema has been for many diasporic communities the privileged site of self-representation and sometimes of idealistic (re)construction of homeland. Over the past thirty years, Palestinian cinema has constituted a site for negotiation and circulation of values and behaviors that have contributed to the creation and perpetuation of Palestinian cultural and national identity against the systematic denial of such an identity by the Israeli occupier.
I argue that the formation of a Palestinian identity has been and remains a continuous vital process rather than a final preshaped construct. However, the performative act of cultural identification has been more successful than the building of a national Palestinian state. Photography as well as cinema—fiction and documentary—has succeeded in establishing a recognizable cultural identity of the Palestinian people, while other discourses (political, ethnic, and religious) seem to have failed to achieve this goal. Diaspora becomes in this perspective a vehicle of change and a territory from which other forms of resistance emerge, including resistance to and critical dissociation from self-indulgent archaic value systems associated with ethnic, social, and historical identifications.
I analyze in this essay Palestinian-Belgian filmmaker Michel Khleifi's documentary and feature films as sites of a diasporic reconstruction of identity. I then focus on iconic representations of the face (the portrait and the close-up) and the landscape (the panoramic establishing shots), arguing that photographers and filmmakers alike have made extensive use of the face and the landscape in order to authenticate the Palestinian reality and fetishize—through remembrance and material replacements—the lost land of Palestine.
Memory and the Reconciliation of Diasporas: Cinematic Trace of Arab National Identity in the Film Forget Baghdad
Authors: Khouri Malek 
Published: May 2010

Forget Baghdad: Jews and Arabs—the Iraqi Connection (2002), a film by the son of an Iraqi political exile living in Europe, was broadcast several times on prime-time television on the most popular Arab satellite television news channel, Al-Jazeera. As part of a budding new Arab cinema with an eye for accentuating a heterogeneous Arab identity, this émigré film was a turning point in its unequivocal focus on Jews as part of Arab national identity.
With the creation of the state of Israel, allusion to Jews as part of the Arab social mosaic increasingly became a taboo in Arab cinema. While various Arab films occasionally challenged this taboo, particularly over the past thirty years, Forget Baghdad essentially brought forward an original approximation of the topic. It inadvertently entwined Arab émigrés (both Jewish and Muslim) from different Arab diasporas, analogous geographic origins, and multiple displacement fluxes.
Through a collage of interviews, still photographs, old newspapers documents, and a rich array of archival film footage, Forget Baghdad interweaves a dialectic between three Arab diasporas. The first is that of four Arab Jews living with their families in Israel; the second is that of Ella Shohat, a film and cultural studies scholar of an Israeli Iraqi Arab origin who now lives in the United States; and the third is that of the filmmaker himself as the son of an Iraqi Arab Communist exiled in Europe.
This essay looks at how the film takes a cinematic journey through various diasporas through time; through memory; through the relationship of the past, the present, and the future; through continuity and rupture; and through the personal to the historical. The essay then surveys how the intricate structure of the film, the circularity of its form, and the boldness of its syntax result in creating a cinematic disquisition about a heterogeneous Arab national identity tested in the homeland by arbitrary postcolonial border, ethnic, racial, and religious divides and reconciled in exile by the reality of alienation and displacement.
Edward Said: Writing in Exile
Authors: Ayyash Mark Muhannad 
Published: May 2010

In reading Edward Said, particularly works such as Out of Place and Reflections on Exile and Other Essays, one is left wondering about the peculiar position that Said, the “exile,” holds in relation to writing. In this essay, I examine this relation by following and exploring the figure of exile that permeates Said's many writings. The heart of Said's peculiarity, as I see it, stems from a seemingly simple question: can we say that Said is writing in exile? What is that “in” that is posited before the word exile? How can the experience of exile, that never-ending experience of being shut out, follow an “in”?
By following the figure of exile, rather than delimit it from the outset, the essay aims to complicate our understanding of the manner in which different lines of thought (from Foucault to Palestinian politics) appear in Said's work. I argue that questions and complexes of freedom and limits, which are seen here though an ethos of exilic walking, are central to any such understanding.
Contact sensitization in patients with lower extremity dermatitis in the South Moravian region, Czech Republic
Authors: Nečas M , Dastychová E 
Published: May 2010

Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of contact sensitization in patients with lower extremity dermatitis. Methods Between the years 2001 and 2007, the authors investigated 462 patients (mean age 49.1 years, 196 men and 266 women) with the eczema/dermatitis localized on their lower extremities, including feet. The patients were investigated with epicutaneous tests of the European Standard Series and also with other special patch tests. Results The most frequent allergens were balsam of Peru, 44/462 (9.5%); wool alcohols, 41/462 (8.9%); nickel sulphate, 39/462 (8.4%); propolis, 35/462 (7.6%); fragrance mix, 34 (7.4%) and colophony, 29/462 (6.3%). Conclusions In patients with lower extremity dermatitis the frequency of contact sensitization is still high, and therefore investigation with epicutaneous tests should belong to the routine dermatological diagnostic procedure in these patients.
Post ambulatory phlebectomy: chronic peripheral lymphocoele
Authors: Elvy M 
Published: May 2010

Objectives Peripheral lymphocoele is a recognized complication after various forms of surgery. This is a case report of a calf lymphocoele after surgery for varicose veins by ambulatory phlebectomy. Method The reported incidence, pathology and possible treatment methods are discussed. Conclusion Phlebectomy practitioners need to be aware of the possibility of this complication.
Conventional surgery and endovenous laser ablation of recurrent varicose veins of the small saphenous vein: a retrospective clinical comparison and assessment of patient satisfaction
Authors: van Groenendael L , Flinkenflögel L , van der Vliet J A , Roovers E A , van Sterkenburg S M M , Reijnen M M P J 
Published: May 2010

Objectives Recurrences of varicosities of the small saphenous vein (SSV) are common. Surgical reintervention is associated with increased complication rates. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) in recurrent varicose veins of the SSV and to compare this technique with surgical reintervention. Methods All case files of patients treated for SSV varicosities between May 2006 and October 2008 were evaluated and recurrences were selected. Demographics, duplex findings, clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathological classification, perioperative and follow-up data were all registered. Additionally, a questionnaire focusing on patient satisfaction was taken. Results Two hundred and eighty-one patients were treated for varicosities of the SSV, of which 42 were for recurrences. Twenty-six of these were treated with EVLA, all under local anaesthesia, and 16 were surgically treated. Most surgically treated patients were treated under regional anaesthesia (88%). Technical success was achieved in 94% of surgically treated patients and in all EVLA-treated patients. Complications in both groups were mostly minor and self-limiting. Sural nerve neuralgia appeared to be more frequent in the surgically treated group (20% versus 9%). After correction for length of follow-up, the incidence of rerecurrences was not statistically significant between groups. Conclusion EVLA is feasible in patients with recurrent varicose veins of the SSV with possibly a lower incidence of sural nerve injury. Patient satisfaction is high for both treatment modalities. Studies with larger samples are indicated to confirm these observations.
The use and abuse of hypothesis tests: how to present P values
Authors: Smith C J , Fox Z V 
Published: May 2010

This overview highlights some of the key issues involved in performing and interpreting hypothesis tests. We describe the general approach taken in performing a hypothesis test with a focus on how to state the null and alternative hypothesis, and why two-sided tests are usually more appropriate than one-sided tests. We describe best practice techniques in performing and presenting the results of hypothesis tests. We recommend that, alongside any p-values, authors should also present estimates of the size of any treatment effects and their confidence intervals. Furthermore, they should specify the exact p-value rather than using terms such as 'NS' or the commonly used asterix notation. We discuss other pitfalls that are encountered at the analysis stage such as the use of repeated observations on individuals, the use of multiple tests on the data and the erroneous use of parametric tests when data are not normally distributed and vice versa. We highlight these points using two different examples: one looking at the use of compression stockings for preventing the occurrence of DVT on long-haul flights and a second hypothetical study comparing laser versus surgery techniques for the removal of varicose veins.
The Netherlands Twin Register Biobank: A Resource for Genetic Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Willemsen Gonneke , de Geus Eco J. C. , Bartels Meike , van Beijsterveldt C. E. M. Toos , Brooks Andy I. , Estourgie-van Burk G. Frederique , Fugman Douglas A. , Hoekstra Chantal , Hottenga Jouke-Jan , Kluft Kees , Meijer Piet , Montgomery Grant W. , Rizzu Patrizia , Sondervan David , Smit August B. , Spijker Sabine , Suchiman H. Eka D. , Tischfield Jay A. , Lehner Thomas , Slagboom P. Eline , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn 2004 the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) started a large scale biological sample collection in twin families to create a resource for genetic studies on health, lifestyle and personality. Between January 2004 and July 2008, adult participants from NTR research projects were invited into the study. During a home visit between 7:00 and 10:00 am, fasting blood and morning urine samples were collected. Fertile women were bled on day 2–4 of the menstrual cycle, or in their pill-free week. Biological samples were collected for DNA isolation, gene expression studies, creation of cell lines and for biomarker assessment. At the time of blood sampling, additional phenotypic information concerning health, medication use, body composition and smoking was collected. Of the participants contacted, 69% participated. Blood and urine samples were collected in 9,530 participants (63% female, average age 44.4 (SD 15.5) years) from 3,477 families. Lipid profile, glucose, insulin, HbA1c, haematology, CRP, fibrinogen, liver enzymes and creatinine have been assessed. Longitudinal survey data on health, personality and lifestyle are currently available for 90% of all participants. Genome-wide SNP data are available for 3,524 participants, with additional genotyping ongoing. The NTR biobank, combined with the extensive phenotypic information available within the NTR, provides a valuable resource for the study of genetic determinants of individual differences in mental and physical health. It offers opportunities for DNA-based and gene expression studies as well as for future metabolomic and proteomic projects.
Topologies of the Conditional Ancestral Trees and Full-Likelihood-Based Inference in the General Coalescent Tree Framework
Authors: Sargsyan Ori 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The general coalescent tree framework is a family of models for determining ancestries among random samples of DNA sequences at a nonrecombining locus. The ancestral models included in this framework can be derived under various evolutionary scenarios. Here, a computationally tractable full-likelihood-based inference method for neutral polymorphisms is presented, using the general coalescent tree framework and the infinite-sites model for mutations in DNA sequences. First, an exact sampling scheme is developed to determine the topologies of conditional ancestral trees. However, this scheme has some computational limitations and to overcome these limitations a second scheme based on importance sampling is provided. Next, these schemes are combined with Monte Carlo integrations to estimate the likelihood of full polymorphism data, the ages of mutations in the sample, and the time of the most recent common ancestor. In addition, this article shows how to apply this method for estimating the likelihood of neutral polymorphism data in a sample of DNA sequences completely linked to a mutant allele of interest. This method is illustrated using the data in a sample of DNA sequences at the APOE gene locus.
Graph-Based Data Selection for the Construction of Genomic Prediction Models
Authors: Maenhout Steven , De Baets Bernard , Haesaert Geert 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Efficient genomic selection in animals or crops requires the accurate prediction of the agronomic performance of individuals from their high-density molecular marker profiles. Using a training data set that contains the genotypic and phenotypic information of a large number of individuals, each marker or marker allele is associated with an estimated effect on the trait under study. These estimated marker effects are subsequently used for making predictions on individuals for which no phenotypic records are available. As most plant and animal breeding programs are currently still phenotype driven, the continuously expanding collection of phenotypic records can only be used to construct a genomic prediction model if a dense molecular marker fingerprint is available for each phenotyped individual. However, as the genotyping budget is generally limited, the genomic prediction model can only be constructed using a subset of the tested individuals and possibly a genome-covering subset of the molecular markers. In this article, we demonstrate how an optimal selection of individuals can be made with respect to the quality of their available phenotypic data. We also demonstrate how the total number of molecular markers can be reduced while a maximum genome coverage is ensured. The third selection problem we tackle is specific to the construction of a genomic prediction model for a hybrid breeding program where only molecular marker fingerprints of the homozygous parents are available. We show how to identify the set of parental inbred lines of a predefined size that has produced the highest number of progeny. These three selection approaches are put into practice in a simulation study where we demonstrate how the trade-off between sample size and sample quality affects the prediction accuracy of genomic prediction models for hybrid maize.
Extensive Loss of RNA Editing Sites in Rapidly Evolving Silene Mitochondrial Genomes: Selectionvs. Retroprocessing as the Driving Force
Authors: Sloan Daniel B , MacQueen Alice H , Alverson Andrew J , Palmer Jeffrey D , Taylor Douglas R 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTheoretical arguments suggest that mutation rates influence the proliferation and maintenance of RNA editing. We identified RNA editing sites in five species within the angiosperm genus Silene that exhibit highly divergent mitochondrial mutation rates. We found that mutational acceleration has been associated with rapid loss of mitochondrial editing sites. In contrast, we did not find a significant difference in the frequency of editing in chloroplast genes, which lack the mutation rate variation observed in the mitochondrial genome. As found in other angiosperms, the rate of substitution at RNA editing sites in Silene greatly exceeds the rate at synonymous sites, a pattern that has previously been interpreted as evidence for selection against RNA editing. Alternatively, we suggest that editing sites may experience higher rates of C-to-T mutation than other portions of the genome. Such a pattern could be caused by gene conversion with reverse-transcribed mRNA (i.e., retroprocessing). If so, the genomic distribution of RNA editing site losses in Silene suggests that such conversions must be occurring at a local scale such that only one or two editing sites are affected at a time. Because preferential substitution at editing sites appears to occur in angiosperms regardless of the mutation rate, we conclude that mitochondrial rate accelerations within Silene have “fast-forwarded” a preexisting pattern but have not fundamentally changed the evolutionary forces acting on RNA editing sites.
Allele-Specific Suppressors of lin-1(R175Opal) Identify Functions of MOC-3 and DPH-3 in tRNA Modification Complexes in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kim Sunhong , Johnson Wade , Chen Changchun , Sewell Aileen K , Byström Anders S , Han Min 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The elongator (ELP) complex consisting of Elp1-6p has been indicated to play roles in multiple cellular processes. In yeast, the ELP complex has been shown to genetically interact with Uba4p/Urm1p and Kti11-13p for a function in tRNA modification. Through a Caenorhabditis elegans genetic suppressor screen and positional cloning, we discovered that loss-of-function mutations of moc-3 and dph-3, orthologs of the yeast UBA4 and KTI11, respectively, effectively suppress the Multivulva (Muv) phenotype of the lin-1(e1275, R175Opal) mutation. These mutations do not suppress the Muv phenotype caused by other lin-1 alleles or by gain-of-function alleles of ras or raf that act upstream of lin-1. The suppression can also be reverted by RNA interference of lin-1. Furthermore, we showed that dph-3(lf) also suppressed the defect of lin-1(e1275) in promoting the expression of a downstream target (egl-17). These results indicate that suppression by the moc-3 and dph-3 mutations is due to the elevated activity of lin-1(e1275) itself rather than the altered activity of a factor downstream of lin-1. We further showed that loss-of-function mutations of urm-1 and elpc-1-4, the worm counterparts of URM1 and ELP complex components in yeast, also suppressed lin-1(e1275). We also confirmed that moc-3(lf) and dph-3(lf) have defects in tRNA modifications as do the mutants of their yeast orthologs. These results, together with the observation of a likely readthrough product from a lin-1(e1275)∷gfp fusion transgene indicate that the aberrant tRNA modification led to failed recognition of a premature stop codon in lin-1(e1275). Our genetic data suggest that the functional interaction of moc-3/urm-1 and dph-3 with the ELP complex is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism involved in tRNA functions that are important for accurate translation.