bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Copper and Zinc Concentration in Individuals with Autism Correlate with Selected Symptom Severity
Authors: Russo Anthony J. , Bazin Andrea P. , Bigega Richard , Carlson Robert S. , Cole Martin G. , Contreras Dilenia C. , Galvin Matthew B. , Gaydorus Sayde S. , Holik Sierra D. , Jenkins Gavin P. , Jones Brandon M. , Languell Penelope A. , Lyman Padraic J. , March Kareem P. , Meuer Katie A. , Peterson Serena R. , Piedmonte Matthew T. , Quinn Michael G. , Smaranda Nicole C. , Steves Patrick L. , Taylor Heather P. , Waddingham Teagan E. , Warren Janine S. 
Published: February 2012

Aim To assess plasma zinc and copper concentration in individuals with autism and correlate these levels with symptom severity. Subjects and Methods Plasma from 102 autistic individuals, and 18 neurotypical controls, were tested for plasma zinc and copper using inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Copper and zinc levels and Cu/Zn were analyzed for possible correlation with severity of 19 symptoms. Results Autistic individuals had elevated plasma levels of copper and Cu/Zn and lower, but not significantly lower, plasma Zn compared to neurotypical controls. There was a correlation between Cu/Zn and expressive language, receptive language, focus attention, hyperactivity, fine motor skills, gross motor skills and Tip Toeing. There was a negative correlation between plasma zinc concentration and hyperactivity, and fine motor skills severity. Discussion These results suggest an association between plasma Cu/Zn and severity of symptoms associated with autism.
Synthesis and stereochemistry of 6-membered ring phosphonates
Authors: Pungente Michael D. , Weiler Larry 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground: Organophosphorus compounds have important industrial and biomedical applications as pharmaceutical and agrochemical agents, as well as transition state analogs for the production of monoclonal antibodies.Methods: Two diastereomers of a 6-membered ring, cyclic phenyl phosphonate were synthesized in 8 steps from 1,3-butanediol.Results: The stereochemistry of the diastereomers was elucidated on the basis of31P NMR signals, together with1H NMR nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) difference experiments.Conclusions: Such cyclic phosphonates may have utility serving as transition state analogs for the production of monoclonal antibodies.
Extraprensa (jul a dez/2007)
Authors: Ferreira Maria Nazareth 
Published: February 2012

Edição de lançamento da revista Extraprensa, ANO I, NÚMERO I, dezembro, 2007Esta edição está sendo publicada em caráter ad-extra, pois foi editada e finalizada antes da migração para a plataforma Open Journal System (OJS).Esta edição congrega os seguintes artigos (em destaque), escritos pelos respectivos autores (em itálico):ABYA-AYALA: A REFUNDAÇÃO DA PÁTRIA GRANDE (Maria Nazareth Ferreira), p. 04-13;OS CONTERRÂNEOS NORDESTINOS NA METRÓPOLE DE SÃO PAULO: seus símbolos, sua memória e seus mitos (Soledad Galhardo), p. 14-23;RECEPÇÃO CIDADÃ: UMA PROPOSTA METODOLÓGICA PARA LEITURA DOS MEIOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO (Dennis de Oliveira; Marta Regina Maia), p. 24-35;A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ORGANIZAÇÃO E DA INFORMAÇÃO NA PESQUISA JORNALÍSTICA (Moisés dos Santos), p. 36-43.Palavras-chave: América Latina; metodologia; estudo de caso; culturas populares. DOI: 10.5841/extraprensa.v1i1.1
Mesothelioma Not Associated With Asbestos Exposure
Authors: Jasani Bharat , Gibbs Allen 
Published: February 2012

Context.—Despite asbestos being identified as the single most important cause of malignant mesothelioma, the tumor is known to occur in only 10% to 20% of heavily exposed individuals. In addition, about 20% of the patients have no history of asbestos exposure even after detailed assessment. Therefore, there has been speculation for some time that asbestos alone may not be sufficient to cause mesothelioma and that other factors may be involved either as cocarcinogens or as independent mechanisms of cancer causation.
Objective.—To give a brief review of nonasbestos fiber erionite and therapeutic radiation as 2 established examples of asbestos-independent mechanisms, of the potential emerging role of man-made fibers such as carbon nanotubes, and of polyoma virus SV40 (simian virus 40) as a potential example of the cocarcinogenic mode of involvement.
Data Sources.—Relevant recent literature has been surveyed to portray and provide the evidence in favor of the examples.
Conclusions.—Erionite has emerged as the most important example of nonasbestos-mediated cause of mesothelioma in regions such as Turkey where exposure to this type of fiber is highly prevalent. Recently, the polyoma virus SV40 has been unexpectedly discovered as an effective cocarcinogen of asbestos in the causation of animal mesothelioma, though despite considerable research, its potential role in human mesothelioma remains unproven.
Molecular Changes in Mesothelioma With an Impact on Prognosis and Treatment
Authors: Jean Didier , Daubriac Julien , Le Pimpec-Barthes Françoise , Galateau-Salle Françoise , Jaurand Marie-Claude 
Published: February 2012

Context.—In recent decades, research on malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has been developed to improve patients' outcomes by increasing the level of confidence in MPM diagnosis and prognosis.Objective.—To summarize data on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in MPM that may be of interest for a better management of patients with MPM.Data Sources.—Data were obtained from scientific publications on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in MPM by studying gene mutations, DNA methylation, and gene and microRNA expression profiling.Conclusions.—Molecular changes in MPM consist in altered expression and in activation or inactivation of critical genes in oncogenesis, especially tumor suppressor genes at the INK4 and NF2 loci. Activation of membrane receptor tyrosine kinases and deregulation of signaling pathways related to differentiation, survival, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle control, metabolism, migration, and invasion have been demonstrated. Alterations that could be targeted at a global level (methylation) have been recently reported. Experimental research has succeeded especially in abolishing proliferation and triggering apoptosis in MPM cells. So far, targeted clinical approaches focusing on receptor tyrosine kinases have had limited success. Molecular analyses of series of MPM cases have shown that defined alterations are present in MPM subsets, consistent with interindividual variations of molecular alterations, and suggesting that identification of patient subgroups will be essential to develop more specific therapies.
Multicomponent Reactions of β‐Ketosulfones and Formaldehyde in a Bio‐Based Binary Mixture Solvent System Composed of Meglumine and Gluconic Acid Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yang Jie , Li Haoquan , Li Minghao , Peng Jiajian , Gu Yanlong 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA mixture of two bio‐based chemicals, meglumine and gluconic acid aqueous solution (GAAS, 50 wt%), was demonstrated to be a task‐specific bio‐based solvent for performing the hydroxymethylation of β‐ketosulfones with formaldehyde. The formed hydroxymethylation product could further react with a nucleophile, which allowed us to develop some one‐pot, stepwise, three‐component reactions of β‐ketosulfones and formaldehyde in this binary mixture. Particularly, a one‐pot, two‐step, sequential four‐component reaction of α‐bromo ketone, sodium benzenesulfinate, thiophenol and formaldehyde was also developed. These results not only demonstrate that it is possible to develop a new bio‐based system by mixing two or more bio‐based chemicals together, but also confer us a convenient means for controlling the selectivity of some multicomponent reactions of formaldehyde. Because GAAS and meglumine are both highly hydrophilic, the mixed solvent system could thus be recovered after extraction of organic products. In a three‐component reaction of β‐ketosulfone, paraformaldehyde and α‐methylstyrene, the GAAS/meglumine system could be reused at least four times without significant loss of activity.
Improving the Processability of Conductive Polymers: The Case of Polyaniline
Authors: Ruiz J. , Gonzalo B. , Dios J. R. , Laza J. M. , Vilas J. L. , León L. M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) is one of the most widely used conductive polymers because of its ease of synthesis in addition to its good electrical properties. However, the difficulty in its processability limits its potential applications. In this work, conductive emeraldine salt (i.e., one of the different oxidation states of PANI) was synthesized by oxidative chemical polymerization. Different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamical mechanical thermal analysis were used to characterize the synthesized PANI. The processability of PANI has been improved by processing it, both by compression and extrusion methods, with different thermoplastic matrices such as polycaprolactone and polybutylene terephthalate. The obtained compounds have not only better processability but also improved thermal and mechanical properties. However, their conductivity decreases with respect to PANI, to a greater extent, for the compounds synthesized by the extrusion method. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E180–E188, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21261
Advances in Membrane Development Based on Electrically Conducting Polymers
Authors: Alam Javed , Dass Lawrence Arockiasamy , Alhoshan Mansour Saleh , Mohammad Abdul Wahab 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe use of electrically conducting polymers for membrane development is an interesting research area of membrane science and technology. Electrically conducting polymers have been identified as a promising class of materials for membrane development owing to their unique electroactive properties, reversible redox behavior, and the potential for ease of processing. In the present review, an attempt has been made to describe the advances in the use of electrically conducting polymers to membrane development and to understand their salient features and how these features can be optimized to exhibit advanced or novel functions in membrane development. This article also presents significant literature detailing the scientific interest in electrically conducting polymers for membrane development. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E189–E197, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21262
Hydrogenolysis Goes Bio: From Carbohydrates and Sugar Alcohols to Platform Chemicals
Authors: Ruppert Agnieszka M. , Weinberg Kamil , Palkovits Regina 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn view of the diminishing oil resources and the ongoing climate change, the use of efficient and environmentally benign technologies for the utilization of renewable resources has become indispensible. Therein, hydrogenolysis reactions offer a promising possibility for future biorefinery concepts. These reactions result in the cleavage of CC and CO bonds by hydrogen and allow direct access to valuable platform chemicals already integrated in today’s value chains. Thus, hydrogenolysis bears the potential to bridge currently available technologies and future biomass‐based refinery concepts. This Review highlights past and present developments in this field, with special emphasis on the direct utilization of cellulosic feedstocks.
An organic solar cell theoretical model with two concepts of excitonic and bipolar transport
Authors: Shahini Ali 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper models the interplay between the detailed radiation balance and the charge carrier transport of organic solar cells. By incorporating the so‐called photon recycling (self‐absorption) into the continuity equation of minority carriers, this model can describe the radiative efficiency of existing cells as well as the radiative recombination limited ones. For high mobilities, the model reproduces the Shockley Queisser efficiency limit. Therefore, the model connects the classical diode theory and the Shockley Queisser detailed balance efficiency limit. The effect of adding nanoparticles into such cells is to increase the absorption coefficient by providing higher absorption probability at the region with high concentration of nanoparticles. To model this effect, the exponential integral term is used. The paper shows that even in case of the radiative recombination limit, charge carrier transport is extremely important. Finally, it discusses the effect of excitons and charge carrier mobilities on transport. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐pot in situ ball milling preparation of polymer/graphene nanocomposites
Authors: Wu Hang , Zhao Weifeng , Chen Guohua 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA one‐pot method which involves peeling graphite nanosheets (GNs) off into graphenes in polymer solution and in situ forming polymer/graphene sheets nanocomposites by using ball milling is presented. Via this approach, nanocomposites based on maleic anhydride grafted poly (ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA‐g‐MAH) and graphene sheets comprising one to five layers were accomplished. The resulted EVA‐g‐MAH/graphene nanocomposites displayed a percolation threshold around 5.0 wt %, much lower than that of the EVA‐g‐MAH/GNs nanocomposites prepared by direct solution blending (∼ 13.0 wt %). The nanocomposite containing 10 wt % of graphene sheets exhibited a higher maximum decomposition temperature by ∼ 10°C when compared with the virgin polymer and the corresponding nanocomposite loaded with 10 wt % of GNs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Traffic flow model of network simulators for estimation of CO2 emissions
Authors: Mori Hiroko , Kitaoka Hironobu , Ishida Masaya , Asakura Yasuo 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYThis paper describes a new approach to developing a traffic flow model of traffic network simulators for the estimation of CO2 emissions by considering various measures such as the use of vehicle control systems and transportation demand management (TDM) strategies. Thus far, we have developed the traffic network simulator NETSTREAM (NETwork Simulator for TRaffic Efficiency And Mobility), which has been able to reproduce traffic congestion in large‐scale networks because of its unique traffic flow model. This paper proposes an enhancement of this model: acceleration is also considered because it has a significant effect on the calculation of CO2 emissions. The proposed model is then verified and validated. The results indicate that it can reproduce acceleration in a way that closely agrees with the actual data, while maintaining the Q–K and K–V relationships. Finally, this paper presents an example evaluation of an acceleration control system. We confirm that the proposed traffic flow model can evaluate environmental improvements in large‐scale networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case study on the in silico absorption simulations of levothyroxine sodium immediate‐release tablets
Authors: Kocic Ivana , Homsek Irena , Dacevic Mirjana , Grbic Sandra , Parojcic Jelena , Vucicevic Katarina , Prostran Milica , Miljkovic Branislava 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this case study was to develop a drug‐specific absorption model for levothyroxine (LT4) using mechanistic gastrointestinal simulation technology (GIST) implemented in the GastroPlus™ software package. The required input parameters were determined experimentally, in silico predicted and/or taken from the literature. The simulated plasma profile was similar and in a good agreement with the data observed in the in vivo bioequivalence study, indicating that the GIST model gave an accurate prediction of LT4 oral absorption. Additionally, plasma concentration–time profiles were simulated based on a set of experimental and virtual in vitro dissolution data in order to estimate the influence of different in vitro drug dissolution kinetics on the simulated plasma profiles and to identify biorelevant dissolution specification for LT4 immediate‐release (IR) tablets. A set of experimental and virtual in vitro data was also used for correlation purposes. In vitro–in vivo correlation model based on the convolution approach was applied in order to assess the relationship between the in vitro and in vivo data. The obtained results suggest that dissolution specification of more than 85% LT4 dissolved in 60 min might be considered as biorelevant dissolution specification criteria for LT4 IR tablets. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacokinetics, distribution and excretion of YM155 monobromide, a novel small‐molecule survivin suppressant, in male and pregnant or lactating female rats
Authors: Minematsu Tsuyoshi , Sonoda Takuya , Hashimoto Tadashi , Iwai Megumi , Oppeneer Todd , Felder Laurie , Shirai Nobuaki , Miyashita Aiji , Usui Takashi 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTYM155 monobromide is a novel small‐molecule survivin suppressant. The pharmacokinetics, distribution and excretion of YM155/[14C]YM155 were investigated using males and pregnant or lactating female rats after a single intravenous bolus administration. For the 0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg YM155 doses given to male rats, increases in area under the plasma concentration–time curves were approximately proportional to the increase in the dose level. After administering [14C]YM155, radioactivity concentrations in the kidney and liver were highest among the tissues in both male and pregnant rats: e.g. 14.8‐ and 5.24‐fold, respectively, and higher than in plasma at 0.1 h after dosing to male rats. The YM155 concentrations in the brain were lowest: 25‐fold lower than in plasma. The transfer of radioactivity into fetuses was low (about 2‐fold lower than in plasma). In lactating rats, the radioactivity was transferred into milk at a level 8‐ to 21‐fold higher than for plasma. Radioactivity was primarily excreted in feces (64.0%) and urine (35.2%). The fecal excretion was considered to have occurred mainly by biliary excretion and partly by secretion across the gastrointestinal membrane from the blood to the lumen. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cryo‐Electron Microscopy Modeling by the Molecular Dynamics Flexible Fitting Method
Authors: Chan Kwok‐Yan , Trabuco Leonardo G. , Schreiner Eduard , Schulten Klaus 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe increasing power and popularity of cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) in structural biology brought about the development of so‐called hybrid methods, which permit the interpretation of cryo‐EM density maps beyond their nominal resolution in terms of atomic models. The Cryo‐EM Modeling Challenge 2010 is the first community effort to bring together developers of hybrid methods as well as cryo‐EM experimentalists. Participating in the challenge, the molecular dynamics flexible fitting (MDFF) method was applied to a number of cryo‐EM density maps. The results are described here with special emphasis on the use of symmetry‐based restraints to improve the quality of atomic models derived from density maps of symmetric complexes; on a comparison of the stereochemical quality of atomic models resulting from different hybrid methods; and on application of MDFF to electron crystallography data. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 678–686, 2012.
Using graph‐based assessments within socratic tutorials to reveal and refine students' analytical thinking about molecular networks
Authors: Trujillo Caleb , Cooper Melanie M. , Klymkowsky Michael W. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBiological systems, from the molecular to the ecological, involve dynamic interaction networks. To examine student thinking about networks we used graphical responses, since they are easier to evaluate for implied, but unarticulated assumptions. Senior college level molecular biology students were presented with simple molecular level scenarios; surprisingly, most students failed to articulate the basic assumptions needed to generate reasonable graphical representations; their graphs often contradicted their explicit assumptions. We then developed a tiered Socratic tutorial based on leading questions designed to provoke metacognitive reflection. The activity is characterized by leading questions (prompts) designed to provoke meta‐cognitive reflection. When applied in a group or individual setting, there was clear improvement in targeted areas. Our results highlight the promise of using graphical responses and Socratic prompts in a tutorial context as both a formative assessment for students and an informative feedback system for instructors, in part because graphical responses are relatively easy to evaluate for implied, but unarticulated assumptions.
An inquiry‐based practical for a large, foundation‐level undergraduate laboratory that enhances student understanding of basic cellular concepts and scientific experimental design
Authors: Bugarcic A. , Zimbardi K. , Macaranas J. , Thorn P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractStudent‐centered education involving research experiences or inquiry have been shown to help undergraduate students understand, and become excited about, the process of scientific investigation. These benefits are particularly important for students in the early stages of their degree (Report and Kenny, http://naplesccsunysbedu/Pres/boyernsf/1998). However, embedding such experiences into the curriculum is particularly difficult when dealing with early stage students, who are in larger cohorts and often lack the background content knowledge necessary to engage with primary research literature and research level methods and equipment. We report here the design, delivery, assessment, and subsequent student learning outcomes of a 4‐week practical module for 120 students at the beginning of their second year of university, which successfully engages students in designing cell culture experiments and in understanding the molecular processes and machinery involved in the basic cellular process of macropinocytosis.
Cascade Coupling of Ene Reductases with Alcohol Dehydrogenases: Enantioselective Reduction of Prochiral Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Brenna Elisabetta , Gatti Francesco G. , Monti Daniela , Parmeggiani Fabio , Sacchetti Alessandro 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe baker’s yeast (BY)‐mediated reduction of a set of α‐substituted derivatives of cinnamaldehyde to give the corresponding saturated alcohols was investigated. Our study demonstrates that the ene reductases of BY (OYE 2 or OYE 3) preferentially reduce the CC double bond of stereoisomers with the phenyl group trans to the carbonyl group. Moreover, the alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) chemoselectively reduce (oxidise) the carbonyl group (hydroxyl group) of saturated aldehydes (alcohols) if the side chain does not contain a heteroatom such as oxygen or sulphur and is longer than an ethyl group. Using isolated OYEs instead of BY, the saturated aldehydes partially lost their optical purity during the biotransformation, even with the in situ substrate feeding product removal (SFPR) technology. This limitation can be overcome by the combination of an isolated ene reductase (OYE 2 or OYE 3) together with an ADH (horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase) in a cascade system which allowed both yields and enantioselectivities to improve.