bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES WITH LEPIDOPTEROUS AND SAWFLY HOSTS ON LONICERA (HONEYSUCKLE) IN THE OTTAWA AREA
Authors: Barron John R. , Bisdee H. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour lepidopterous and sawfly species were collected from Lonicera (honeysuckle) in the Ottawa area and reared for hymenopterous parasites. The following new species are described here, with new host records: Triclistus xylostellae n. sp. (Ichneumonidae, Metopiinae) from Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae), Copidosoma glandiferellae n. sp. (Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) from Deltophora glandiferella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). The following are new host records: Mesochorus vittator (Zetterstedt) (Ichneumonidae, Mesochorinae) hyperparasitic in Olesicampe lophyri (Riley) (Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) from Zaraea americana Cresson (Hymenoptera, Cimbicidae), Oncophanes americanus (Weed) (Braconidae) from D. glandiferella. The following are parasitic species with lepidopterous hosts already recorded: Apophua simplicipes (Cresson) (Ichneumonidae, Banchinae) and Macrocentrus iridescens French (Braconidae), both on Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). The cephalic structures of the final-instar larvae of the following species are described: T. xylostellae n. sp., M. vittator, and A. simplicipes.
RESIDUAL ACTIVITY OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS AND PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES APPLIED TO WHEAT STORED UNDER SIMULATED WESTERN CANADIAN CONDITIONS
Authors: White N. D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWheat treated with 2,4, or 8 ppm of insecticide, on a whole-seed basis, was bioassayed with Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) adults at 30 °C and 70% RH after 4 days, 2 weeks, and then at eleven 1-month intervals. Malathion was more toxic to C. ferrugineus than to T. castaneum whereas the reverse was true for pirimiphos-methyl; malathion showed little effectiveness after 2 weeks. The pyrethroids, cypermethrin and permethrin, were more toxic to T. castaneum than to C. ferrugineus. For malathion and pirimiphos-methyl, percentage knockdown of the insects following exposure for 24 h was similar to percentage mortality after a 3-day recovery period; for cypermethrin and permethrin under the same conditions, knockdown was consistently greater than mortality. Cypermethrin at 8 ppm on wheat gave 90% knockdown of T. castaneum after 1 year of storage. Pirimiphos-methyl gave nearly 100% control of both species for 9 months at 4 ppm and 11 months at 8 ppm, and of the grain mite Acarus siro (L.) for at least 4 weeks at 8 ppm. Seed germination did not change during 1 year of storage; the levels of Penicillium spp. infection observed were much greater (about 60%) on wheat treated with pirimiphos-methyl (2, 4, 8 ppm) or cypermethrin (2 ppm) than with malathion or permethrin.
INFLUENCE OF SITE AND FENITROTHION CONTAMINATION ON VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF DRIFT ARTHROPODS IN A WOODLAND STREAM
Authors: Eidt D. C. , Weaver C. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDrift of aquatic arthropods was not uniformly distributed by depth in a stream and differed from one reach to another. Drift of terrestrial arthropods, although usually densest at or near the surface, was also substantial at depths. Nets for sampling of drift should extend to the bottom and include the surface.
A NEW SUBSPECIES OF ORNITHOPTERA CROESUS FROM MOROTAI ISLAND, INDONESIA, AND A GYNANDROMORPH OF O. CROESUS LYDIUS (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE)
Authors: Parrott R. E. , Schmid F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new subspecies of Ornithoptera croesus Wallace, O. c. toeantei, is described from Morotai Island, Indonesia; an annotated illustration of a gynandromorph of O. croesus lydius Felder from Halmaheira Island is presented.
EFFECTS OF DENSITY, STAGE, AND SEX OF THE POTATO LEAFHOPPER,EMPOASCA FABAE(HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE), ON SEEDLING ALFALFA GROWTH
Authors: Flinn P. W. , Hower A. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPotato leafhopper,Empoasca fabae(Harris), early-instar nymphs (1–2 instar), late-instar nymphs (3–5 instar), adult males and adult females were caged at various densities on seedling alfalfa cv. Vernal and allowed to feed for 6 days. Feeding by adult females, late-instar nymphs, and adult males retarded plant height, leaf number, and dry weight, about 20 to 50% more than did the early-instar nymphs at most of the leafhopper densities tested, over 6 days. Protein content was affected differently from the other plant parameters; it was reduced most by adult males. This was apparently due to premature death of the plants caused by late-instar nymphs and adult females. The percentage reduction for each of the plant parameters was highly correlated with leafhopper density and was nonlinear, except with the early-instar nymphs. Alfalfa plants exposed to two or four late-instar nymphs or two adult females, significantly increased in height and leaf number during a 7-day recovery period. Plants exposed to four adult females did not recover.
HOECHST STAINING AND QUANTIFICATION OF SPERM IN THE SPERMATOPHORE AND SPERMATHECA OF THE DECORATED CRICKET,GRYLLODES SUPPLICANS(ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE)
Authors: Sakaluk Scott K. , O'Day Danton H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe use of Hoechst (33258) stain in quantifying spermatozoa contained in the spermatheca and spermatophore of the decorated cricket,Gryllodes supplicans(Walker) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), is described. The technique was used to estimate the number of sperm remaining in spermatophores removed from females at various times after females had mated.
PATTERNS OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND REPRODUCTIVE VARIATION IN STENONEMA MAYFLIES (EPHEMEROPTERA: HEPTAGENIIDAE) IN EASTERN LAKE HURON
Authors: Martin Ian D. , Gates Michael A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSignificant variation in the morphology of late-instar nymphs of Stenonema tripunctatum (Banks) in Lake Huron could not be ascribed to their proximity to warm-water plumes originating from the Bruce Nuclear Power Development, by either multivariate or univariate analyses of size and shape. Major sources of variation in S. tripunctatum were developmental state and sex. Nymphs collected just prior to emergence had low values of transverse measurements in anterior regions (inter-orbital width, prothoracic width), whereas males and females were separated by these measurements and other components of head geometry.No significant effects of thermal exposure were found in the reproductive development of S. tripunctatum, but this species is most commonly found below depths at which thermal-plume effects are expected. Based on a small but representative sample, ultimate-instar nymphs of Stenonema vicarium (Walker) from a depth of 3 m contained significantly fewer eggs and allocated a significantly lower proportion of biomass (dry weight) to reproduction in locations with higher temperatures.
REPRODUCTION AND LONGEVITY OF CABBAGE APHID,BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE(HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), PARASITIZED BYDIAERETIELLA RAPAE(HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE)
Authors: Mackauer M. , Kambhampati S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractParasitized cabbage aphids,Brevicoryne brassicae(Linnaeus), produced fewer offspring than unparasitized aphids. Aphids parasitized byDiaeretiella rapae(M'Intosh) during the first, second, or third instar died before producing any offspring; those parasitized during the fourth instar or the adult stage produced a variable number of offspring. The aphid's survival time was correlated with the rate of development, as measured by the length of the pre-reproductive period. A multiple-linear-regression equation is provided for predicting the mean total fecundity of parasitized cabbage aphids from the host age at the beginning of parasitism and the pre-reproductive period.
CHIRONOMUS (CAMPTOCHIRONOMUS) VOCKEROTHI N. SP. (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) FROM ALBERTA, CANADA
Authors: Rasmussen Joseph B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new species, Chironomus (Camptochironomus) vockerothi, is described in the adult male and female from Alberta and is compared with other species in the subgenus.
NEW SPECIES OF EOSENTOMON BERLESE, 1909 (PROTURA: EOSENTOMIDAE) FROM QUEBEC AND VERMONT
Authors: Nosek Josef , Kevan D. Keith McE. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEosentomon canadense, n. sp., and E. bernardi, n. sp., both from southwestern Quebec, Canada, and E. vermontense, n. sp., from Vermont, U.S.A., are described and figured. A bibliography of recent works on North American Protura is appended.
PERSISTENCE OF CARBARYL (SEVIN-4-OIL®) IN WOODLAND PONDS AND ITS EFFECTS ON POND MACROINVERTEBRATES FOLLOWING FOREST SPRAYING
Authors: Gibbs K. Elizabeth , Mingo Terry M. , Courtemanch David L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe impact of an experimental aerial application of carbaryl (Sevin-4-oil®) on the macroinvertebrate fauna of woodland ponds was studied in northern Maine. Carbaryl was applied at the rate of 840 g A.I./ha, the same rate as was used for control of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), damage. Four treated ponds and three untreated ponds were observed for up to 30 months following treatment. Maximum residue levels of 254 μg/L were found in the water and 53,793 μg/kg (dry weight) in the sediment. Residues were detectable in the water 14 months and in the sediment 16 months after treatment.The most severe and persistent impact was on the Amphipoda with Hyallela azteca (Saussure) and Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis reduced to near 0/m2 and failing to recolonize in some of the ponds 30 months after treatment. Numbers of immature Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were reduced immediately following spray application but this impact did not persist throughout the season nor into the following year. Immediate reduction in numbers of adult Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera emerging from the ponds was also found. Numbers of immature Odonata were reduced following treatment and remained low during the following year. The Chironomidae did not appear affected either as immatures or emerging adults.
THE AMBROSIA FUNGUS OF XYLOSANDRUS GERMANUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Weber B. C. , McPherson J. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe ambrosia fungus of Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) was identified as Ambrosiella hartigii Batra and was the only fungus carried in the beetle's mycangium. This fungus and up to three species of Fusarium were isolated from walls of the beetle's galleries.
RELATING WEATHER TO OUTBREAKS OF WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Thomson A. J. , Shepherd R. F. , Harris J. W. E. , Silversides R. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe relationship of western spruce budworm outbreaks and population collapse to weather parameters was examined using long term weather records from two stations in the budworm outbreak area of British Columbia and outbreak patterns obtained from Forest Insect and Disease Survey records and from tree stem analyses.Outbreaks were associated with warm dry summers in conjunction with synchrony of larval emergence and bud flush. Collapse of the last two outbreaks was clearly associated with extreme high temperatures following moth flight. Collapse of the earlier outbreaks may have been due to asynchrony between larval emergence and bud flush.
PINE OIL, A FEEDING DETERRENT FOR THE WHITE PINE WEEVIL, PISSODES STROBI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Alfaro R. I. , Borden J. H. , Harris L. J. , Nijholt W. W. , McMullen L. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPine oil effectively reduced feeding by the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck, in a laboratory feeding bioassay utilizing agar discs containing dry, powdered bark of its host Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Possible utilization of pine oil under field conditions is discussed.
STRUCTURE AND MOVEMENT OF THE ABDOMEN OF FEMALE PELECINUS POLYTURATOR (HYMENOPTERA: PELECINIDAE)
Authors: Mason W. R. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe abdomen of female Pelecinus is uniquely and extremely modified for digging in soil. Segments 2–7 are connected by sternite to sternite articulations allowing vertical movement produced by anteriorly placed muscles acting through long tendons inserting on the adjacent succeeding segment. Segments 3–6 have, in addition to the linkage allowing vertical movement, a detached, posterior section of the sternite that can rotate on a median ventral flexible attachment to the tergal margins. This linkage allows the posterior section of a sternite together with the succeeding segments to rotate through about 135 °relative to its tergite. Tergite 8 bears large spiracles completely covered by sternite 7. The ovipositor lacks the usual 3rd linkage between gonocoxite 9 and gonapophysis 9, allowing the depressor muscle of the gonapophysis to extrude the ovipositor directly backwards.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE TOXICITY OF TEMEPHOS TO BLACK FLY (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) LARVAE
Authors: Rodrigues C. S. , Kaushik N. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDifferent formulations of temephos were tested against Simulium venustum and S. vittatum larvae at water temperatures of 7 °to 20 °C under simulated stream conditions in the laboratory and the results indicated a significant positive correlation between water temperature and temephos efficacy. Temephos application of up to 5 mg/L/10 min had very little effect on Simulium larvae at 7 ° to 8 °C. Data from the tests indicated that both emulsifiable concentrate and wettable powder formulations have positive temperature coefficients. The WP formulation was 11 times and two EC formulations were 32 times more toxic at 20 °C than at 10 °C. The rate of larval detachment was faster at the higher temperatures but even at 20 °C detachment was not immediate as is common with larvae treated with methoxychlor. Detached larvae did not survive. On the basis of the present laboratory experiments on temperature–efficacy relationships, there are very strong indications that these formulations could be used effectively against black fly larvae only in streams that have water temperatures not less than 18 °to 20 °C.
SCOLYTIDAE ASSOCIATED WITH FELLED WHITE SPRUCE IN ALASKA
Authors: Werner Richard A. , Holsten Edward H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPheromone baited traps and trap trees attracted an aggregate of 29 scolytid species associated with white spruce in three localities in Alaska. Species diversity was higher in the Fairbanks (lat. 64°45′) area than in the Brooks Range (lat. 68°15′) or Kenai Peninsula (lat. 60°37′). Scolytids were found inhabiting all bark-producing areas of the tree from the roots to small branches with the highest density in the tree bole. The most abundant scolytids were Ips perturbatus (Eichhoff), Ips tridens tridens (Mannerheim), Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby), Dryocoetes affaber (Mannerheim), Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier), and Scolytus piceae (Swaine).
EFFECTS OF STARVATION IN THE FIRST INSTAR LARVA ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL IN THE RED TURNIP BEETLE, ENTOMOSCELIS AMERICANA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Gerber G. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEggs of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, and seeds of Candle cultivar of Brassica campestris L. and Regent cultivar of B. napus L. (Cruciferae) were exposed to seven constant temperatures (10°–25 °C). At each temperature, egg hatching occurred about 1.0–1.5 days sooner than germination in B. campestris and 1.5–2.25 days sooner than germination in B. napus. Also, germination took place about ½ day sooner in B. campestris than in B. napus. These data indicated that the eggs of E. americana and the seeds of B. campestris and B. napus respond similarly to changes in temperature. Newly-hatched larvae of E. americana were starved for 0–8 days at 15°, 20°, and 25 °C. Starvation-related mortality was not high until they had been starved for more than 2–4 days at 15 °C and 1–2 days at 20° and 25 °C, indicating that the first instar larva has a relatively-limited capability to withstand starvation. Among the survivors, the developmental times for most of the starved larvae were significantly longer than those for the unstarved larvae, but the weights of the adults from starved and unstarved larvae were similar, suggesting that starvation delayed growth and development, but had no apparent adverse or lasting effects on these processes. An evaluation of the egg hatching, germination, and starvation data and of the atmospheric air temperature and soil surface temperature data for the areas where B. campestris and B. napus are grown in Canada suggested that the first instar larva of E. americana normally should not suffer high mortality due to starvation in growers' fields where volunteer seedlings of these two species are the major larval food.
THE EFFECT OF WATER TEMPERATURE ON THE EGG INCUBATION PERIOD OF MESOCAPNIA OENONE (PLECOPTERA) FROM THE CANADIAN ROCKY MOUNTAINS
Authors: Brittain John E. , Mutch Robert A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of the autumn-emerging capniid stonefiy, Mesocapnia oenone (Neave), were collected from the Bow River in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. After oviposition their eggs were incubated in the laboratory. Successful hatching occurred in the range 2°–15 °C; higher temperatures, except for a short period, were lethal. Eggs subjected to sub-zero temperatures, up to 17 days at −12 °C, also hatched successfully. Within the range 2°–15 °C there was a relationship, linear on logarithmic scales, between water temperature (T °C) and the egg incubation period (Y days), expressed by the equation: Y = 197T−0.59 (r2 = 0.99, P < 0.001). The number of degree-days required for hatching (Z degree-days) increased with increasing temperature (T °C) and also showed a relationship, linear on logarithmic scales, expressed by the equation: Z = 197T0.41 (r2 = 0.97, P < 0.001). In contrast to most other Capniidae, the winter is spent in the egg stage in M. oenone. Our data demonstrate that a combination of a low number of degree-days required for hatching at low temperatures and reduced sensitivity to higher temperatures ensures that egg hatching occurs in the spring. The characteristics of egg development in the autumn-emerging M. oenone are compared with the spring-emerging Capnia atra.
REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY SPHAERIDIINAE OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (COLEOPTERA: HYDROPHILIDAE). SUPPLEMENTUM 2
Authors: Smetana Aleš 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPelosoma pecki is described as new from specimens from the Florida Keys (Upper Matacumba Key) and from Mexico (Oaxaca). The genus Genyon Smetana 1978 (type-species Cercyon navicularis Zimmerman 1869, from eastern North America) is placed in synonymy with Tectosternum Balfour-Browne 1958 (type-species T. exstriatum Balfour-Browne 1958, from equatorial Africa). A lectotype is designated for Pelosoma prosternale Sharp 1882, and Pelosoma praecursor Smetana 1978 is placed in synonymy with P. prosternale Sharp 1882.Omicrus intermedius Smetana and the genus Cycrillum Knisch, with the species C. strigicolle (Sharp), are recorded for the first time from North America.Additional data on bionomics, geographical distribution, and synonymy of many species are presented.
INSECT BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES TO TOXINS: PRACTICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Pluthero Fred G. , Singh Rama S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe behavioural responses of insects to insecticides and the relationships of these responses to physiological resistance are reviewed and discussed in terms of their potential economic importance and their genetic and evolutionary bases. In addition, responses to insecticide are compared with responses of phytophagous insects to host-produced toxins, with the discussion centring upon the genetic and evolutionary bases of these similar types of response and their possible roles in adaptation and speciation.
EFFECTS OF THE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUS) ON THE CAPTURE OF MOTHS IN SEX ATTRACTANT TRAPS AND ON LARVAL DENSITY OF MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Turnock W. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe number of moths captured during short intervals in traps containing a sex attractant for males of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Wlk., is related to the stage of plant development in the fields of canola (oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.) in which the traps are placed. More moths were captured in fields with plants in the early bloom stage than in those with plants in earlier (leaf, bud) or later (late bloom, pod) stages of development. The effect of this relationship on the total number of moths captured in any field during the entire period of moth flight depended in part on the synchronization of crop development with moth flight. Neither the total number of moths captured per field nor larval density were significantly related to crop development because of high inter-field variability among groups of fields with similar patterns of crop development. Early-maturing fields contained older larvae than later-maturing fields so they should be sampled first to determine larval density and the need for insecticidal application. The estimated patterns of egg-laying were similar to those for male moth capture in early-, mid-, and late-flowering fields. Therefore, male moth captures in sex attractant traps provide a valid index to the abundance of female moths and their egg-laying activities.
GALLERY CONSTRUCTION AND OVIPOSITION BY IPS CALLIGRAPHUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN RELATION TO SLASH PINE PHLOEM THICKNESS AND TEMPERATURE
Authors: Haack Robert A. , Wilkinson Robert C. , Foltz John L. , Corneil Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractReproductive performance of Ips calligraphus (Germar) in typical slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii, bark slabs with phloem thicknesses ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 mm was studied at 20°, 25°, and 30 °C during the fall (1981) and summer (1982) seasons by means of radiography and slab dissection. Oviposition rate (eggs/day) and egg density (eggs/cm) were positively correlated with both phloem thickness and temperature, being greatest with a combination of thick phloem (3–4 mm) and warm temperature (30 °C). Gallery construction rate (cm/day) was positively correlated, and length of initial egg-free gallery was negatively correlated, with temperature. Depth of xylem-etching was negatively correlated with phloem thickness. Reproductive performance, as measured by oviposition rate and egg density, was greater in the summer study than in the fall study under similar conditions of phloem thickness and temperature. Nutritional, physical, and seasonal characteristics of xylem, phloem, and outer bark are discussed in relation to the above findings.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF LARGE SCALE SPRAYING OPERATIONS ON THE REGIONAL DYNAMICS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) POPULATIONS
Authors: Fleming R. A. , Shoemaker C. A. , Stedinger J. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractExploratory data analysis was employed to investigate the regional dynamics of managed budworm populations based upon survey data reporting spruce budworm egg-mass densities and damage to balsam fir. The Maine Forest Service collected these data annually from 1975 to 1980 at approximately 1000 different locations each year throughout Maine's spruce–fir forest regions. Although spraying was often associated with ‘better’ conditions in heavily defoliated or infested areas, it was generally associated with somewhat ‘poorer’ conditions in areas which had experienced only light defoliation or infestation in the previous year. The analysis also indicated that while insecticide application may reduce budworm larval populations immediately after application, the largest relative decrease in defoliation rates appeared the year after insecticide application. Insecticide treatments were not as effective as expected. In the year following application, the maximum reduction observed in average defoliation was 20% and in average egg-mass density the maximum reduction was 50%. In many cases the reduction was substantially less. Spraying was not associated with any substantial decline in hazard rating.