bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF THE PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF Macrobrachium rosenbergii IN MONOCULTURE AND IN POLYCULTURE WITH Tilapia aurea
Authors: Rouse D. B. , Stickney R. R. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe feasibility of polyculturing Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Tilapia aurea was examined in 500 m2 earthen ponds in central Texas. Monoculture of each species was also undertaken to provide comparative data. Water quality was monitored to determine its influences on survival, growth and production of the culture species.Production of freshwater shrimp in ponds in central Texas was similar to that obtained in other temperate regions of the United States where similar stocking densities, feeding and initial sizes have been employed. At a density of 9 shrimp per m2, average production was 1120 kg/ha. Polyculture increased total production above that obtained from shrimp alone. At stocking rates of 9 shrimp and one fish per m2, total production reached 2240 kg/ha. Combining fish with shrimp resulted in a recognizable but non‐significant reduction in shrimp growth and survival. Competition for food appeared to be the primary interaction between the two species. Increased stocking density increased production and reduced average size.Partial budget analysis indicated that shrimp‐tilapia polyculture had a higher net return than shrimp monoculture.
CORN SILAGE AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT FOR GROW‐OUT OF Macrobrachium rosenbergii IN PONDS
Authors: Moore Lori Barck , Stanley Richard W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTFeeding trials were conducted with Macrobrachium rosenbergii to evaluate corn silage as a nutrient source for prawns in the pond environment. Cages were placed in a commercial pond and stocked with juvenile prawns at a density of 10 animals/m2. Cage bottoms were buried in the pond mud, allowing animals access to the detrital layer. Diets of commercial prawn pellet, corn silage, and a 50:50 pellet and silage mix were fed at rates of 2.5% and 5% (dry weight basis) biomass per day. Control cages received no applied feed. Diets were isocaloric and growth was measured as weight gain. During the 10‐week trials, animals receiving the commercial pellet and the 50:50 diet grew similarly at the 5% feeding rate but not when fed at 2.5%. Positive contribution of silage in the 50:50 diet fed at 5% is suggested By the facts that when fed at 2.5%, pellet alone was insufficient to promote growth equal to that on pellet fed at 5%, and silage alone produced more growth than non‐fed controls. Survival in cages averaged 95% for the fed treatments (90–100%), 89% for the non‐fed controls (88–90%). Data suggest that high fiber feeds such as corn silage can play a role in supporting the pond production of prawns and that the cage technique can be a useful tool in assessing prawn feeds in a pond environment.
CONTROL OF DISEASES IN THE CULTURED POPULATION OF PENAEID SHRIMP, Penaeus semisulcatus (de HAAN)
Authors: Tareen Inam U. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTInvestigation was carried out on the diseases of cultured Penaeus semisulcatus at various stages of their life cycle. Major diseases were bacterial necrosis, Vibrio infection, infestation by filamentous bacteria, shell disease, fungal infections (Lagenidium sp. and Fusarium sp.) and protozoan infection. Various antibacterial antifungal and parasiticides were examined to establish effective methods for disease control. Most disease episodes were associated with poor water quality following failure in water supply.
EVALUATION OF SUPPLEMENTAL DIETS FOR POND CULTURE OF GULF KILLIFISH (Fundulus grandis) FOR THE LIVE BAIT INDUSTRY
Authors: Waas Benita P. , Strawn Kirk 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTJuvenile Fundulus grandis averaging 0.5 g/fish were stocked into 8 0.1 ha brackish water earthen ponds at 200,000/ha. Growth was monitored over a 70‐day period (from June 9 to August 18, 1980) and fish were offered at 5% body weight per day either commercial trout feed (40% protein), commercial minnow meal (33% protein) or a 1:1 mixture of cottonseed meal and wheat shorts (32% protein). There was no significant difference in growth rates between fish fed the low cost 1:1 mix and the more expensive trout feed, but growth of fish fed minnow feed was significantly lower. Production averaged 565, 554, and 497 kg/ha for the 1:1 mix, trout feed and minnow feed, respectively, with corresponding food conversion ratios of 1.8, 1.86 and 2.07. Survival ranged from 80 to 92% and 88% of all the fish reached ideal marketable size (62.5 ± 7.5 mm TL) while 99% were distributed within a range of 50–75 mm. This species is sold by the dozen and high survival plus relatively low food cost for those offered minnow meal resulted in the highest return above feed costs.
USE OF REHYDRATABLE EXTRUDED PELLETS AND ATTRACTIVE SUBSTANCES FOR THE WEANING OF SOLE (Solea vulgaris)
Authors: Roa M. Cadena , Huelvan C. , Le Borgne Y. , Métailler R. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTWeaning of juveniles from living prey to non‐living diets is a critical period in the rearing of sole. The lack of food intake in many juveniles results in high mortalities. The use of attractive substances seems to be a solution to this problem. Rehydratable extruded pellets can be used as wet crumbles. They are soft, palatable, resistant to leaching and they can be sized to juvenile requirements. Furthermore, an attractive substance can be added to these crumbles. During a 45‐day experiment, extruded crumbles mixed before use with water, oils and vitamins only were compared with crumbles mixed also with the following additives: ground molluscs, ground Artemia, ground polychaetes, mixture of glycine, L‐alanine, L‐glutamic acid, L‐arginine, betaine and inosine. As a result the crumbles absorb the substances they were mixed with. Supplementation with ground molluscs, Artemia or polychaetes did not result in better growth (specific growth rate, 1.5 to 3.0% per day) and survival (10 to 17%) than the control (0.9% and 9%, respectively), whereas the mixture of chemical substances greatly enhanced those parameters (4% per day and 66%, respectively).
MARICULTURE POTENTIAL OF SHALLOW‐WATER BAHAMIAN BIVALVES
Authors: Berg Carl J. , Alatalo Philip 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTA survey of shallow‐water bivalves of the Bahamas has revealed numerous under‐utilized species. This study investigates the general ecology and mariculture potential of two large species, Asaphis deflorata and Codakia orbicularis.Population studies indicate patchy but often dense (28/.25 m2) assemblages of C. orbicularis in muddy intertidal creeks and turtle grass beds. A. deflorata is found in concentrations up to 64/.25 m2, usually in sandy gravel.Linear relationships of shell dimensions are correlated with total wet weight for both species over a range of shell sizes. Measurements of shell weight, meat plus liquor, and dry meat are related to shell length and total wet weight for C. orbicularis. Compositional analysis of C. orbicularis shows meats high in protein, carbohydrate, and calories, but very low in cholesterol.C. orbicularis exhibits peaks of gonad ripeness in spring and late fall, with a large percentage of the population remaining ripe throughout the summer. Maximum periods of gonad ripeness occur in July for A. deflorata. Adults of both species were induced to spawn in the laboratory and these larvae reared through metamorphosis.Deposit‐feeding bivalve clams are suggested as mariculture candidates due to the lack of phytoplankton biomass in Bahamian coastal waters. The discovery of clams having potential for chemoautotrophic nutrition through a relationship with procaryotic cells within the gill tissue introduces exciting possibilities for mariculture.
EFFECTS OF VITAMIN C AND SODIUM BENZOATE ON SURVIVAL, GROWTH AND SKELETAL DEFORMITIES OF INTENSIVELY CULTURED BULLFROG LARVAE Rana catesbeiana REARED AT TWO pH LEVELS
Authors: Leibovitz Henry E. , Culley Dudley D. , Geaghan James P. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTPrevious experiments indicated nutritional deficiencies in the artificial diet of Rana catesbeiana larvae were responsible for up to 95% severe skeletal deformities in laboratory reared larvae. Radiographs showed the skeletal deformities occur in the calcified and cartilagenous skeletal structure. In this study three aspects of the larval diet and its preparation were modified and tested in feeding experiments at pH 6.5 to 6.9 and 7.5 to 8.3. Diets containing from 2% to 8% vitamin C were associated with a reduced incidence of scoliosis at both pH ranges, with greater reduction occurring at the high pH. Survival and growth were greater at the lower pH for larvae fed vitamin C supplemented diets. Lowering the temperature of the food mix to 40°C before adding vitamins to the diet did not reduce the occurrence of deformities. Oxytetracycline and sulfathiazole were replaced by sodium benzoate as a food preservative. There was no difference in survival, growth, or skeletal deformities in the larvae.
A PRELIMINARY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF STOCKING STRATEGIES FOR PENAEID SHRIMP CULTURE
Authors: Pardy Christopher R. , Griffin Wade L. , Johns Michael A. , Lawrence Addison L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis analysis utilized primary data obtained from Texas A&M University Mariculture Research stations to estimate density dependent growth equations for two species of penaeid shrimp, Penaeus stylirostris and P. vannamei. A simulation model was developed based on these equations, in order to evaluate the effect of alternate stocking densities and cropping schemes on individual weight, total product, gross revenue, total feed consumption, cost of feed and postlarvae, as well as revenue above selected costs (RASC). For each species, an analysis over the growing season of those management schemes yielding the greatest RASC was presented. In addition, the growth equation was re‐estimated based on modified data in order to evaluate sensitivity on RASC. The effect of a 30‐day reduction in the growing season on RASC was also analyzed.P. stylirostris growth was more sensitive to stocking density than that of P. vannamei. For P. stylirostris, maximum RASC was obtained by stocking 98,800 individuals/ha. A slightly lower density of 86,450/ha resulted in a negligible decrease in RASC, but may be preferable due to decreased risk. For P. vannamei, a density of 135,850 shrimp/ha yielded maximum RASC. For both species, production of one crop per year was found to maximize RASC.
VIRULENCE PROPERTIES OF Aeromonas salmonicida
Authors: Trust Trevor J. , Ishiguro Edward E. , Chart Henrik , Kay William W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAeromonas salmonicida is an important fish pathogen whose virulence is beginning to be understood at the molecular level. The primary virulence property of this organism is a surface protein array (A‐layer) of tetragonal symmetry. Biochemical and immunochemical analysis of this structure and its isolated A‐protein monomer have shown that this virulence property is highly conserved. The surface protein array protects A. salmonicida from the fishes' defense mechanisms and so gives the organism a pathogenic advantage. This advantage is further enhanced by the ability of A. salmonicida to sequester ferric iron from the high affinity iron chelators lactoferrin and transferrin. This allows the pathogen to grow under the iron‐limiting growth conditions normally found in fish tissues, and clearly is another important virulence attribute.
INTEGRATED AQUACULTURE‐AGRICULTURE FARMING SYSTEMS: SOME ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Authors: Shang Yung C. , Costa‐Pierce Barry A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe benefits of integrated aquaculture‐agriculture farming systems are reviewed from an economic point of view, particularly with respect to reduction in cost of production, improvement in efficiency of resource utilization and increase in profit of operation. Bio‐economic factors affecting the profitability of integrated farming are discussed. This paper recommends the development of a system analysis which can integrate all of the important elements and assist the producer in locating the optimal course of action.
MARKETING AND ECONOMICS IN RELATION TO U.S. BIVALVE AQUACULTURE
Authors: Glude John B. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe U.S. market for seafoods generally is large and expanding. Prices for seafoods are increasing more rapidly than for meat and poultry. The U.S. market for bivalve molluscs varies among species. The U.S. consumes over 50% of the world's oysters but consumption is not increasing. In contrast, the markets for clams, scallops and mussels are expanding rapidly. Recommended actions for expanding the market for oysters include organization, advertising, standardization of the products, diversification of product form and reducing the cost of production, processing and marketing.
THE APPLICATION OF PROCESS KINETICS FOR PREDICTING OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE OF CONTINUOUS BRINE SHRIMP CULTURES
Authors: Brune D. E. , Anderson T. H. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTLarge‐scale algal culture remains an attractive concept primarily because of the enormous potential productivity that such systems offer. However, the problem of harvesting microalgae remains a major obstacle. This paper examines the usefulness of using brine shrimp culture as a technique for harvesting microalgae and converting to protein and lipid. Specifically a mathematical model which describes brine shrimp growth and conversion efficiency is presented. The usefulness of this model is illustrated by solving for the required brine shrimp biomass needed for conversion of a constant rate of production of single‐celled marine diatoms. The model is further used to demonstrate that the most useful design of such a conversion system is that of a two‐stage system in which the first stage consists of a reactor, or reactors, of young animals operating at low algal cell removal efficiencies followed by a number of reactors of increasing age groups operating in parallel flow arrangement. This arrangement permits a high overall rate of continuous cell removal.
EFFECT OF DIETARY LINOLEIC ACID LEVEL ON GROWTH, FOOD CONVERSION AND SURVIVAL OF CHANNEL CATFISH
Authors: Stickney Robert R. , McGeachin Robert B. , Robinson Edwin H. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSemipurified diets containing 2.0 to 2.5% highly purified linoleic acid as the only dietary lipid produced similar growth responses in channel catfish fingerlings fed experimental diets for 14 weeks. Poorest growth was demonstrated by fish on a fat‐free diet and a diet which contained 4.0% linoleic acid, but growth on those diets was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from that obtained on diets containing 3.0 or 3.5% linoleic acid. Best food conversion (1.9 g of feed offered/g of weight gain) was associated with the diet containing 2.5% linoleic acid and poorest (2.6) occurred in fish which received 4.0% linoleic acid. Survival was highest (100%) in fish fed 2.0% linoleic acid and decreased linearly with increasing dietary linoleic acid level. The results of this study support the theory that poor growth of channel catfish on diets high in vegetable oils cannot be solely attributed to high levels of dietary linoleic acid.
A COMPARISON OF SEASONAL INCIDENCE AND INTENSITY OF Perkinsus marinus BETWEEN SUBTIDAL AND INTERTIDAL OYSTER POPULATIONS IN SOUTH CAROLINA1
Authors: Burrell V. G. , Bobo M. Y. , Manzi J. J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSeasonal occurrence and intensity of Perkinsus marinus was determined for subtidal and intertidal oysters, Crassostrea virginica, from two areas with different salinity regimes in South Carolina. Relationships between salinity, temperature and gonadal stage to this pathogen were not evident. Historical mortality data from the two study sites were compared and success of intertidal oysters could not be correlated with low incidence or intensity of P. marinus.
A COMPARISON OF MARKET CHANNELS FOR COMMERCIALLY‐CAUGHT CATFISH AND CULTURED CATFISH IN ALABAMA'S LOWER TOMBIGBEE RIVER BASIN
Authors: Sullivan Gregory , Hunt David 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe domestic cultured catfish market, which in 1982 absorbed about one million live weight pounds, evolved from a market originally supplied solely by wild catfish caught mainly by commercial fishermen on lakes and rivers of the southeastern United States. Price and volume reports generated by the catfish processing industry largely omit wild catfish supplies, which have exceeded cultured supplies by as much as 100% as recently as 1976. Likewise, little is known about the marketing channels through which wild and cultured catfish move to their respective retail users. Current marketing channels for wild‐caught catfish were traced in a 1981 year‐long survey of commercial fisheries along the lower Tombigbee River and the Mobile Delta. Those market channels for pond‐cultured catfish were analyzed in a 1983 study of two major processors in West Alabama.Catfish supplied by the two sources, wild and cultured, were found to move to retail users along different, and almost mutually exclusive, marketing channels. Wild catfish caught by commercial fishermen in the lower Tombigbee River were sold largely through commercial sales (86%). The main market channel for these commercial sales of wild‐caught fish was sales to private families (40%), according to fishermen responding. Cultured catfish were mainly sold by their producers to processors (approximately 100%), who converted fish in the round into several types of products. These value‐added products were then marketed mainly through wholesale channels to supermarkets (15%), wholesale distributors (67%), and hotels/restaurants/institutions (18%).
PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF STRIPED BASS (Morone saxatilis) AND F1, F2 HYBRIDS (M. saxatilis AND M. chrysops) REARED IN INTENSIVE TANK SYSTEMS1
Authors: Smith Theodore I. J. , Jenkins Wallace E. , Snevel James F. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe aquaculture characteristics of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and its white bass (M. chrysops) hybrids were compared in two intensive tank culture studies which utilized recirculated brackish water. In the first study, striped bass and F1 hybrids (original cross) exhibited similar growth and survival rates even though the F1 hybrids were stocked at a density (65 fish/m3) 93% greater than the striped bass. By day 219, striped bass had grown from 30 g to 593 g while F1 hybrid bass grew from 47 g to 636 g. Standing crops at this time were 15.6 k9/m3, and survival was 74.6% and 78.4% for the striped bass and F1 hybrid bass, respectively. By day 302, F1 hybrid bass had grown to 835 g and standing crop was 43.1 kg/m3.The second study demnstrated that F1 hybrid bass (reciprocal cross) grew more rapidly than either striped bass or F2 hybrid bass (F1 original x F1 original) when reared at the same density (31 fish/m3). Further, survival of the F1 hybrid bass was 100% at conclusion of this 287‐day study in spite of intensive sampling every 21 days. Individual growth variation was substantial among the F2 hybrid bass and size frequency distribution at harvest was broad and non‐modal. In contrast, striped bass and F1 hybrid bass exhibited more uniform growth and size frequency distributions at harvest approximated normal distributions. At completion of this study mean sizes of the F1, F2 hybrid bass, and striped bass were 506.6, 346.7 and 289.3 9, respectively.In summary, F1 hybrid (M. saxatilis and M. chrysops) bass possess a number of desirable characteristics which should make them attractive for aquaculture development.
ON THE LARVAL REARING OF THE WHITE‐SPOTTED GREEN GROUPER, Epinephelus amblycephalus (BLEEKER), WITH A DESCRIPTION OF LARVAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Tseng Wen‐young , Chan Kim‐fai 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe white‐spotted green grouper, Epinenephelus amblycephalus (Bleeker), a popular and cmercially important marine food fish in Hong Kong, has been used for intensive cage culture in coastal water for many years. The major constraints to its large‐scale development are, however, the shortage and uncertain supply of fingerlings from the wild. Research efforts have therefore been directed at producing large supplies of fingerlings, either for culture to marketable size or for restocking.Larvae of E. amblycephalus were reared through metamorphosis in 1000‐liter rectangular tanks covered with a large translucent roof. The newly hatched larvae measured 2.0 mm in total length and possessed a large yolk sac. Effects of temperature and salinity on the yolk sac larvae were examined in laboratory experiments. Recommended temperature and salinity for rearing of the early larvae are 24°C and 25–32 Ppt. In the laboratory larvae were fed fertilized oyster eggs, rotifers, Artemia nauplii, copepods and shrimp meat. The developnent stages from hatching through metamorphosis are described. Three mortality peaks were observed during the experiment. The highest larval survival rate through metamorphosis (i.e., 40 days) after hatching was 25%.
HISTOLOGY OF SELECT ORGANS OF THE CRAWFISH Procambarus clarkii MAINTAINED AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES AND LEVELS OF CALCIUM AND AMMONIA1,2
Authors: Lee B. J. , Sis R. F. , Lewis D. H. , Marks J. E. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTHistologic changes were observed in shell, hepatopancreas, gut and gill tissues of crawfish Procambarus clarkii maintained in aquaria containing various levels of dissolved calcium (16, 86, 192 and 300 ppm), temperature (15, 21 and 27°C) and ammonia (<0.5 and 1.00 ppm, at each of the three temperatures). The principal changes observed among all treatment groups included: melanized necrosis of the shell, of the cuticular lining of the foregut, hindgut and gill, and in the parenchymal tissues of the hepatopancreas, gill and hindgut. An inflamnatory response characterized by infiltration of hemocytes, fibrocytes and collagen‐like material accompanied necrosis in the hepatopancreas. In addition, eosino‐philic granular hemocytes were seen in the hepatopancreas, the foregut wall and in the gill. A globular, deeply basophilic material was observed in the subcutis of the hindgut.
COMPARISONS OF FOUR TECHNIQUES FOR PRAWN (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) NURSERY REARING1
Authors: Mulla M. A. , Rouse D. B. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTPrawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) postlarvae (average weight 0.04 g) were stocked at 40/m2 into circular plastic nursery pools with a surface area of 7.3 m2 and water depth of 0.5 m. The use of fertilizers in place of feeds, pre‐treatment of fertilized pools with trichlorfon to reduce predacious insects and/or competitors and the use of additional substrate were evaluated for prawn nursery rearing. After a 35‐day nursery period, average survival and weight in fertilized pools with additional substrate were 65% and 0.301 g, in fertilized pools with additional substrate and pre‐treated with trichlorfon 66% and 0.231 g, in pools receiving feed with additional substrate 74% and 0.352 g, and in pools receiving feed but having no additional substrate 83% and 0.305 g. There were significant differences in survival and growth between the treatments. The results of this study suggest prawn growth and survival were improved with feeds, while improvements from a trichlorfon pretreatment or additional substrate were not substantial.