bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfate determines the glucosinolate concentration of horseradish in vitro plants (Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb.)
Authors: Alnsour Mohammad , Kleinwächter Maik , Böhme Julia , Selmar Dirk 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Horseradish plants (Armoracia rusticana) contain high concentrations of glucosinolates. Former studies have revealed that Armoracia plants cultivated in vitro have markedly lower glucosinolate concentrations than those grown in soils. Yet, these studies neglected that the sulfate concentration in the growth medium may have had a strong impact on glucosinolate metabolism. Accordingly, in this study horseradish in vitro plants were cultivated with differing sulfate concentrations and the glucosinolate concentrations were quantified by ion pair HPLC.RESULTS: Cultivation in 1.7 mmol L−1 sulfate (as used in the prior studies) resulted in the accumulation of 16.2 µmol g−1 DW glucosinolates, while the glucosinolate concentration increased to more than 23 µmol g−1 DW when 23.5 mmol L−1 sulfate was used in the medium. Correspondingly, the glucosinolate concentration decreased to 1.6 µmol g−1 DW when sulfate concentration was lowered to 0.2 mmol L−1.CONCLUSION: Since the glucosinolate accumulation in relation to the sulfate concentration follows a typical saturation curve, we deduce that the availability of sulfate determines the glucosinolate concentration in horseradish in vitro plants. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro and in vivo Antitumor Activity of Doxorubicin‐Loaded Alginic‐Acid‐Based Nanoparticles
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Yu Shuling , Wang Jingjing , Qian Hanqing , Wu Wei , Jiang Xiqun 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe antitumor activities of DOX‐loaded alginic acid/poly[2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (ALG‐PDEA) nanoparticles are evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. TEM imaging shows that the ALG‐PDEA NPs have a spherical morphology with a size of about 120 nm. CLSM observations reveal that the negatively charged ALG‐PDEA NPs can be taken up well by cells. In vivo NIR fluorescence imaging shows that the ALG‐PDEA NPs can passively target the tumor area because of the EPR effect in the H22 tumor‐bearing mouse. In vivo antitumor efficacy examinations indicate that DOX‐loaded ALG‐PDEA NPs have significantly superior efficacy in impeding tumor growth compared to free DOX and low toxicity to living mice. magnified image
Head Group Influence on Lipid Interactions With a Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biopolymer
Authors: Jagoda Agnieszka , Zinn Manfred , Meier Wolfgang , Kita‐Tokarczyk Katarzyna 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPoly([R]‐3‐hydroxy‐10‐undecenoate) (PHUE) is a biodegradable/biocompatible polyester from polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) family, used in biomedical applications. PHA's introduction to the body may have implications on cell membrane stability—this motivates studies of interactions between PHAs and phospholipids, main membrane constituents. Interaction analysis in PHUE monolayers with two phospholipids (different hydrophilic groups), phosphatidylserine (DOPS), and phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), shows that repulsive interactions between PHUE and DOPS and attractive between PHUE and DOPE resulted from different lipid headgroup size and orientation at the air–water interface (PE, parallel to the interface, attracted PHUE via hydrogen bonds, ion–dipole, and dipole–dipole interactions).
Aqueous RAFT Polymerization ofN‐Acryloylmorpholine, Synthesis of an ABA Triblock Glycopolymer and Study of its Self‐Association Behavior
Authors: Albertin Luca , Wolnik Anna , Ghadban Ali , Dubreuil Frédéric 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe RAFT polymerization ofN‐acryloylmorpholine with a symmetric trithiocarbonate was investigated in homogeneous aqueous solution. The effects of temperature and of a high magnetic field were examined and RAFT experiments were compared with the corresponding conventional radical polymerizations. For all temperatures tested, the molar mass of the polymer increased linearly with conversion and closely matched the theoretical value. Molar mass dispersities were in the range 1.05–1.16 and the presence of a magnetic field had little effect on the rate of RAFT polymerizations, although the latter were systematically slower than the corresponding conventional processes. A uniform ABA triblock glycopolymer was prepared, which formed unilamellar polymersomes with a diameter of 380 nm in 91% (v/v) THF/water mixture.
Thermoresponsive Poly(2‐Oxazoline) Molecular Brushes by Living Ionic Polymerization: Modulation of the Cloud Point by Random and Block Copolymer Pendant Chains
Authors: Zhang Ning , Luxenhofer Robert , Jordan Rainer 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMolecular brushes (MBs) of poly(2‐oxazoline)s were prepared by living anionic polymerization of 2‐isopropenyl‐2‐oxazoline to form the backbone and living cationic ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐n‐propyl‐2‐oxazoline and 2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline to form random and block copolymers. Their aqueous solutions displayed a distinct thermoresponsive behavior as a function of the side‐chain composition and sequence. The cloud point (CP) of MBs with random copolymer side chains is a linear function of the hydrophilic monomer content and can be modulated in a wide range. For MBs with block copolymer side chains, it was found that the block sequence had a strong and surprising effect on the CP. While MBs with a distal hydrophobic block had a CP at 70 °C, MBs with hydrophilic outer blocks already precipitated at 32 °C.
Poly(2‐oxazoline) Hydrogel Monoliths via Thiol‐ene Coupling
Authors: Dargaville Tim R. , Forster Rebecca , Farrugia Brooke L. , Kempe Kristian , Voorhaar Lenny , Schubert Ulrich S. , Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCopoly(2‐oxazoline)s, prepared by the cationic ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐(dec‐9‐enyl)‐2‐oxazoline with either 2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline or 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline, are crosslinked with small dithiol molecules under UV irradiation to form homogeneous networks. In situ monitoring of the crosslinking reaction by photo‐rheology reveals the formation of soft gels within minutes. The degree of swelling in water is tunable based on the hydrophilicity of the starting macromers and the proportion of alkene side arms present. Furthermore, degradable hydrogels are prepared based on incorporation of a hydrolytically cleavable dithiol crosslinker. The rapid synthesis of the macromers and mild crosslinking conditions make these materials ideal for future biomaterial applications.
Polymeric Biomaterials for Stem Cell Bioengineering
Authors: Prewitz Marina , Seib Friedrich Philipp , Pompe Tilo , Werner Carsten 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis review covers the application of polymeric materials in stem cell bioengineering. Main emphasis is directed towards current material design concepts that mimic distinct exogenous signals of the stem cell microenvironment. Progress within the field of stem cell‐specific biomaterials will be discussed, focusing on pluripotent, hematopoietic, mesenchymal and neural stem cells. The future role of biomaterials will be outlined with possible applications for cell reprogramming and engineering cancer cell microenvironments.
SARConnect: A Tool to Interrogate the Connectivity Between Proteins, Chemical Structures and Activity Data
Authors: Eriksson Mats , Nilsson Ingemar , Kogej Thierry , Southan Christopher , Johansson Martin , Tyrchan Christian , Muresan Sorel , Blomberg Niklas , Bjäreland Marcus 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe access and use of large‐scale structure‐activity relationships (SAR) is increasing as the range of targets and availability of bioactive compound‐to‐protein mappings expands. However, effective exploitation requires merging and normalisation of activity data, mappings to target classifications as well as visual display of chemical structure relationships. This work describes the development of the application “SARConnect” to address these issues. We discuss options for delivery and analysis of large‐scale SAR data together with a set of use‐cases to illustrate the design choices and utility. The main activity sources of ChEMBL,1 GOSTAR2 and AstraZeneca’s internal system IBIS, had already been integrated in Chemistry Connect.3 For target relationships we selected human UniProtKB/Swiss‐Prot4 as our primary source of a heuristic target classification. Similarly, to explore chemical relationships we combined several methods for framework and scaffold analysis into a unified, hierarchical classification where ease of navigation was the primary goal. An application was built on TIBCO Spotfire to retrieve data for visual display. Consequently, users can explore relationships between target, activity and structure across internal, external and commercial sources that encompass approximately 3 million compounds, 2000 human proteins and 10 million activity values. Examples showing the utility of the application are given.
Annotating Human P‐Glycoprotein Bioassay Data
Authors: Zdrazil Barbara , Pinto Marta , Vasanthanathan Poongavanam , Williams Antony J. , Balderud Linda Zander , Engkvist Ola , Chichester Christine , Hersey Anne , Overington John P. , Ecker Gerhard F. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHuge amounts of small compound bioactivity data have been entering the public domain as a consequence of open innovation initiatives. It is now the time to carefully analyse existing bioassay data and give it a systematic structure. Our study aims to annotate prominent in vitro assays used for the determination of bioactivities of human P‐glycoprotein inhibitors and substrates as they are represented in the ChEMBL and TP‐search open source databases. Furthermore, the ability of data, determined in different assays, to be combined with each other is explored. As a result of this study, it is suggested that for inhibitors of human P‐glycoprotein it is possible to combine data coming from the same assay type, if the cell lines used are also identical and the fluorescent or radiolabeled substrate have overlapping binding sites. In addition, it demonstrates that there is a need for larger chemical diverse datasets that have been measured in a panel of different assays. This would certainly alleviate the search for other inter‐correlations between bioactivity data yielded by different assay setups.
Calcium signaling in mammalian egg activation and embryo development: The influence of subcellular localization
Authors: Miao Yi‐Liang , Williams Carmen J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCalcium (Ca2+) signals drive the fundamental events surrounding fertilization and the activation of development in all species examined to date. Initial studies of Ca2+ signaling at fertilization in marine animals were tightly linked to new discoveries of bioluminescent proteins and their use as fluorescent Ca2+ sensors. Since that time, there has been rapid progress in our understanding of the key functions for Ca2+ in many cell types and of the impact of cellular localization on Ca2+ signaling pathways. In this review, which focuses on mammalian egg activation, we consider how Ca2+ is regulated and stored at different stages of oocyte development and examine the functions of molecules that serve as both regulators of Ca2+ release and effectors of Ca2+ signals. We then summarize studies exploring how Ca2+ directs downstream effectors mediating both egg activation and later signaling events required for successful preimplantation embryo development. Throughout this review, we focus attention on how localization of Ca2+ signals influences downstream signaling events, and attempt to highlight gaps in our knowledge that are ripe for future research. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 742–756, 2012. Published 2012. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Evaluation of unrestricted somatic stem cells as a feeder layer to support undifferentiated embryonic stem cells
Authors: Keshel Saeed Heidari , Soleimani Masoud , Tavirani Mostafa Rezaei , Ebrahimi Maryam , Raeisossadati Reza , Yasaei Hemad , Afsharzadeh Danial , Behroz Mahmoud Jabbarvand , Atashi Amir , Amanpour Saeid , Khoshzaban Ahad , Roozafzoon Reza , Behrouzi Gholam Reza 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe use of unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) holds great promise for future clinical applications. Conventionally, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or other animal‐based feeder layers are used to support embryonic stem cell (ESC) growth; the use of such feeder cells increases the risk of retroviral and other pathogenic infection in clinical trials. Implementation of a human‐based feeder layer, such as hUSSCs that are isolated from human sources, lowers such risks. Isolated cord blood USSCs derived from various donors were used as a novel, supportive feeder layer for growth of C4mES cells (Royan C4 ESCs). Complete cellular characterization using immunocytochemical and flow cytometric methods were performed on murine ESCs (mESCs) and hUSSCs. mESCs cultured on hUSSCs showed similar cellular morphology and presented the same cell markers of undifferentiated mESC as would have been observed in mESCs grown on MEFs. Our data revealed these cells had negative expression of Stat3, Sox2, and Fgf4 genes while showing positive expression for Pou5f1, Nanog, Rex1, Brachyury, Lif, Lifr, Tert, B2m, and Bmp4 genes. Moreover, mESCs cultured on hUSSCs exhibited proven differentiation potential to germ cell layers showing normal karyotype. The major advantage of hUSSCs is their ability to be continuously cultured for at least 50 passages. We have also found that hUSSCs have the potential to provide ESC support from the early moments of isolation. Further study of hUSSC as a novel human feeder layer may lead to their incorporation into clinical methods, making them a vital part of the application of human ESCs in clinical cell therapy. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 709–718, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of estrogen‐receptor‐targeted contrast agents in solution, breast cancer cells, and tumors in vivo
Authors: Pais Adi , Biton Inbal Eti , Margalit Raanan , Degani Hadassa 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe estrogen receptor (ER) is a major prognostic biomarker of breast cancer, currently determined in surgical specimens by immunohistochemistry. Two new ER‐targeted probes, pyridine‐tetra‐acetate‐Gd chelate (PTA‐Gd) conjugated either to 17β‐estradiol (EPTA‐Gd) or to tamoxifen (TPTA‐Gd), were explored as contrast agents for molecular imaging of ER. In solution, both probes exhibited a micromolar ER binding affinity, fast water exchange rate (∼107 s−1), and water proton‐relaxivity of 4.7–6.8 mM−1 s−1. In human breast cancer cells, both probes acted as estrogen agonists and enhanced the water protons T1 relaxation rate and relaxivity in ER‐positive as compared to ER‐negative cells, with EPTA‐Gd showing a higher ER‐specific relaxivity than TPTA‐Gd. In studies of breast cancer tumors in vivo, EPTA‐Gd induced the highest enhancement in ER‐positive tumors as compared to ER‐negative tumors and muscle tissue, enabling in vivo detection of ER. TPTA‐Gd demonstrated the highest enhancement in muscle tissue indicating nonspecific interaction of this agent with muscle components. The extracellular contrast agents, PTA‐Gd and GdDTPA, showed no difference in the perfusion capacity of ER‐positive and ‐negative tumors confirming the specific interaction of EPTA‐Gd with ER. These findings lay a basis for the molecular imaging of the ER using EPTA‐Gd as a template for further developments. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Attitudes to aspirin use in diabetes in clinical practice: a survey of health care professionals from primary and secondary care settings in the UK
Authors: Raghavan Rajeev , Laight David W , Cummings Michael H 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAspirin is recommended for secondary prevention in diabetes and macrovascular disease. However, recommendation for primary prevention in diabetes remains controversial as does the dose of aspirin prescribed. We conducted a survey to ascertain if such controversies are reflected in health care professionals' views on aspirin prescribing in patients with diabetes.The link to an anonymous online survey was circulated via email; the survey consisted of 26 questions covering demographic characteristics and attitudes to aspirin prescription in primary and secondary prevention in patients with diabetes. The rest of this abstract and article mainly focus on the responses for aspirin preferences in primary prevention.In all, 152 responses were obtained, with primary care comprising 63% (doctors and diabetes specialist nurses) and secondary care making up 37% (predominantly diabetes specialists). Attitudes to aspirin use within primary prevention were: 39/103 (38%) would not routinely consider aspirin and 16/121 (13.2%) would consider it in all patients. Specific risk factors associated with diabetes where aspirin would be considered favourably included the following: (a) hypertension – 44/117 (37.6%) in favour; (b) microalbuminuria – 36/115 (31.3%) with doctors 26/60 (43.3%) vs nurses 10/55 (18.2%) (c) smoking history – 33/116 (28.4%) with doctors 22/60 (36.7%) vs nurses 11/56 (19.6%) (d) strong family history of coronary disease – 68/118 (57.6%) (e) high risk of coronary disease – 71/119 (59.7%) and (f) hyperlipidaemia – 42/116 (36.2%).This survey confirmed that the controversy in current aspirin guidance was reflected in a varied response regarding views about aspirin use in patients with diabetes and primary prevention of vascular disease. Further clarification/guidance on the optimum prescription of aspirin in diabetes is required. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
Excision of injection site substantially reduced serum insulin concentration in a potentially life‐threatening insulin analogue overdose
Authors: Droste J , Hundia V , Pettit A , Narayan N , Nejim A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSince the introduction of insulin analogues, there have been several published case reports of overdoses with this medication. Refractory hypoglycaemia with potentially serious neurological sequelae, including death, can occur in severe insulin overdoses. Around 30 years ago, long before insulin analogues were available, several authors reported that the excision of the soft tissue at the injection site lowered plasma insulin concentrations in overdoses with conventional short‐acting and depot insulin.In a suicide attempt, an 18‐year‐old man had injected himself with a large amount of insulin analogues into the abdominal wall; 50 minutes after the overdose he became hypoglycaemic. He was commenced on an intravenous infusion of glucose and the injection site was surgically excised. Serial serum insulin concentrations were measured. After the excision of the insulin injection site, serum insulin concentrations fell from 4220 to 88pmol/L within 2.5 hours. Those results were only available after several weeks. As a precaution at the time, the glucose infusion had been continued for 67 hours. We observed the last hypoglycaemic event in our patient a few minutes after the surgical intervention. The patient suffered no complications and was discharged following a psychiatric assessment.In retrospect, with the knowledge that our patient's serum insulin concentrations had dramatically fallen after surgical intervention, intravenous glucose could have been stopped earlier.This case report describes a substantial reduction in serum insulin concentrations using surgical excision of the single injection site after a severe overdose of insulin glargine and insulin aspart. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
Education, technology and psycho‐technological approaches to type 1 diabetes
Authors: Murphy Helen R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA gap exists between our expectations of tight blood glucose control for type 1 diabetes and the reality of safely achieving it, particularly during adolescence and pregnancy. Technological and pharmaceutical advances will not alone achieve near‐normal blood glucose control and optimal health outcomes without recognising the social, cultural and behavioural context of those living with diabetes. Neither will educational programmes completely overcome the fundamentally disordered metabolic pathways and/or the additional physiological challenges of adolescence and pregnancy.Improved integration of the technological, behavioural and educational aspects of care will pave the way for truly personalised, diabetes self‐management and improved health outcomes for women and children with type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons. Practical Diabetes 2012; 29(6): 247–251This paper was presented as the 2012 Janet Kinson lecture at the 2012 Diabetes UK Annual Professional Conference held in Glasgow
Synthesis and characterization of α‐amino acid‐containing polyester: poly[(ε‐caprolactone)‐co‐(serine lactone)]
Authors: Wei Ying , Li Xiaoyuan , Jing Xiabin , Chen Xuesi , Huang Yubin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNovel polyesters, poly[(ε‐caprolactone)‐co‐(N‐trityl‐L‐serine‐β‐lactone)]s, were prepared by copolymerizing ε‐caprolactone (CL) with N‐trityl‐L‐serine‐β‐lactone (TSL) using ZnEt2 as the catalyst. The number‐average molecular weights were determined which ranged from 2.7 × 104 to 4.9 × 104 Da with dispersity values ranging from 1.6 to 1.8. The structures of the copolymers were investigated by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR and infrared spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicated that CL and TSL monomer units were randomly distributed within the copolymer backbone structures and the ratios of TSL to CL in the copolymers were close to those in the feeds. After removal of the trityl group under mild condition, a new polyester with side amino groups provided by serine units was obtained. L929 cell culturing test indicated good biocompatibility of the polyester with or without protective groups. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Atmospheric Pressure Low Temperature Direct Plasma Technology: Status and Challenges for Thin Film Deposition
Authors: Massines Francoise , Sarra‐Bournet Christian , Fanelli Fiorenza , Naudé Nicolas , Gherardi Nicolas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOver the last ten years, expansion of atmospheric pressure plasma solutions for surface treatment of materials has been remarkable, however direct plasma technology for thin film deposition needs still great effort. The objective of this paper is to establish the state of the art on scientific and technologic locks, which have to be opened to consider direct atmospheric pressure plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (AP‐PECVD) a viable option for industrial application. Basic scientific principles to understand and optimize an AP‐PECVD process are summarized. Laboratory reactor configurations are reviewed. Reference points for the design and use of AP‐PECVD reactors according to the desired thin film properties are given. Finally, solutions to avoid powder formation and to increase the thin film growth rate are discussed. magnified image