bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the transient stress–strain response of rubber to its linear dynamic behavior
Authors: Mott Peter H. , Twigg Jeffrey N. , Michael Roland C. , Nugent Kenneth E. , Hogan Terry E. , Robertson Christopher G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMaster curves of the small strain and dynamic shear modulus are compared with the transient mechanical response of rubbers stretched at ambient temperature over a seven‐decade range of strain rates (10−4 to 103 s−1). The experiments were carried out on 1,4‐ and 1,2‐polybutadienes and a styrene–butadiene copolymer. These rubbers have respective glass transition temperatures, Tg, equal to −93.0, 0.5, and 4.1 °C, so that the room temperature measurements probed the rubbery plateau, the glass transition zone, and the onset of the glassy state. For the 1,4‐polybutadiene, in accord with previous results, strain and strain rate effects were decoupled (additive). For the other two materials, encroachment of the segmental dynamics precluded separation of the effects of strain and rate. These results show that for rubbery polymers near Tg the use of linear dynamic data to predict stresses, strain energies, and other mechanical properties at higher strain rates entails large error. For example, the strain rate associated with an upturn in the modulus due to onset of the glass transition was three orders of magnitude higher for large tensile strains than for linear oscillatory shear strains. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Enhanced Activity of Non‐Noble Metal Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Using Low Temperature Plasma Treatment
Authors: Wirth Sebastian , Harnisch Falk , Quade Antje , Brüser Manuela , Brüser Volker , Schröder Uwe , Savastenko Natalie A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLow‐temperature plasma treatment is shown to be efficient for the preparation of non‐noble metal (iron(II)phthalocyanine, FePc) based electrocatalysts for ORR. Preparation procedures include the treatment of FePc‐based catalysts using Ar‐, N2‐ and NH3‐plasma as well as prior plasma pretreatment of the catalyst support. The effect of plasma pretreatment of the catalyst support was studied for subsequent plasma treated and pyrolyzed catalysts. The electrocatalytic activity of the pyrolyzed catalysts was increased 5‐fold by plasma pretreatment of catalyst support. The enhancement of the electrocatalytic activity can be ascribed to two joint features: an increased of specific surface area of the catalyst material and improved FePc dispersion on the surface of the pretreated supports. magnified image
Determination of Atomic Oxygen in Atmospheric Plasma from Oxygen Isotope Exchange
Authors: Schiorlin Milko , Marotta Ester , Kim Hyun‐Ha , Paradisi Cristina , Ogata Atsushi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOxygen scrambling is observed when a 1:1 mixture of 16O2 and 18O2 in nitrogen/helium buffer (total O2: 5–20%) is treated at atmospheric pressure in a surface discharge plasma reactor. The statistical isotope distribution (16O2/18O2/16O18O = 1:1:2) is achieved with a very low SIE (i.e., the energy per unit volume). This process, implemented by kinetic simulations, is proposed as a chemical probe for the determination of the average O‐atom density in atmospheric plasmas. It was found that, within the explored composition range (5–20% O2 in N2/He buffer), the average O‐atom density increases with SIE, while it decreases with increasing content of O2 in the gas being treated. In contrast, an opposite trend is observed for ozone production, which increases with the concentration of O2 in the treated gas. These observations are consistent with the known reaction of O‐atoms with O2 to form ozone, which, at constant total pressure, is expected to favor ozone production as the concentration of O2 is increased. magnified image
The short‐range order of ions in clay minerals: Sm3+ coordination
Authors: Sobolev Oleg , Cuello Gabriel J. , Scheinost Andreas C. , Johnson Mark R. , Nikitenko Sergey , Le Forestier Lydie , Brendle Jocelyne , Charlet Laurent 
Published: June 2011

AbstractExperimental techniques as neutron diffraction (ND) with isotopic substitution (NDIS), extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS), and quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS), in combination with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, are usually applied to the study of non‐crystalline solids, but they are also very useful for the study of complex systems, where the short range order provides an insight of its structure and dynamics. Here, they are used in the study of the coordination of the Sm3+ in the interlayer of hydrated synthetic montmorillonite and hectorite. The ND results indicate that not all oxygen atoms in the first coordination shell of the Sm3+ belong to water molecules, supporting the formation of the Sm3+ inner‐sphere complex. On the other hand, the other techniques suggest that the adsorbed Sm3+ cations form outer‐sphere complexes with the clay surface. The hypothesis making compatible all results is that there are different Sm species adsorbed in the clay interlayer: a part of Sm is in the Sm3+ cationic form, forming outer‐sphere adsorption complexes, another part is hydrolyzed and present in the interlayer space as Sm(OH)2+, ${\rm Sm(OH)}_{2}^{ + } $, or ${\rm Sm(OH)}_{3}^{0} $ species. The latter are more hydrophobic than Sm3+ cations and can be dehydrated and are able to stick to the clay surface.
Liquid‐immersion laser micromachining of GaN trenches and its application in device fabrication
Authors: Mak Giuseppe Y. , Lam Edmund Y. , Choi H. W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTrench formation for device isolation on GaN light‐emitting diode (LED) wafer via nanosecond pulsed laser micromachining in deionized (DI) water is demonstrated. The basis of this technique relies on the large difference between the ablation thresholds of GaN and sapphire, so that the ablation can automatically terminate at the GaN/sapphire interface to produce a smooth and tapered trench. Compared with micromachining in ambient air, re‐deposition and re‐solidification of ablated material on the sidewalls are found to be greatly reduced in DI water. In addition, liquid immersion admits a larger focus offset tolerance and a better control of the trench width through adjustment of pulse energy. As an application in rapid device prototyping, a 5 × 7 dot‐matrix microdisplay with laser‐micromachined trenches for pixel separation is demonstrated, illustrating the effectiveness of this processing technique (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of different models of non‐local impact ionization for low noise avalanche photodiodes
Authors: Marsland John S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe dead space model of non‐local impact ionization has been developed independently by three different research groups in order to include a ‘soft’ dead space. This paper seeks to compare these models for the first time. The models are fitted to Monte Carlo simulation data (both non‐local ionization coefficients and the ionization pathlength pdf) and it is found that there are no significant differences between the models except that the Liverpool model cannot be used to fit one data set which has a very soft dead space. Likewise the models give very similar results when used to calculate the excess noise factor for low noise avalanche photodiodes. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polymer–polymorphoid nature of relaxation processes in liquid and vitreous SiO2
Authors: Minaev V. S. , Timoshenkov S. P. , Kalugin V. V. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOn the basis of the concept of polymer–polymorphoid structure of glass and glass‐forming liquid the experimental data are analyzed which are connected with structural and relaxation processes in condensed SiO2. It is shown that all relaxation processes in liquid and vitreous silica have a uniform physical‐chemical nature – interconversion of structure fragments (polymorphoids) of the various crystal polymorphic modifications that do not have translational symmetry (long‐range order), copolymerized to a greater or lesser extent, accordingly, in vitreous or liquid state. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Atomic layer deposition of TiO2 and Al‐doped TiO2 films on Ir substrates for ultralow leakage currents
Authors: Kim Seong Keun , Han Sora , Han Jeong Hwan , Lee Woongkyu , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTiO2 and Al‐doped TiO2 (ATO) films were grown on Ir substrates by atomic layer deposition using O3 as the oxygen source. With increasing O3 feeding time, the crystalline structure of the TiO2 films was transformed from anatase to rutile. Above an O3 feeding time of 35 s, the films crystallized as only rutile due to the formation of IrO2 layer at the interface. The TiO2 and ATO films showed higher dielectric constants of 78 and 51, respectively. The films on Ir showed superior leakage properties compared to the films on Ru due to the high work‐function of Ir. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Infrared spectra of charge‐solvated versus salt‐bridge conformations of glycine‐, serine‐, and cysteine‐Ca2+complexes
Authors: Corral Inés , Lamsabhi Al Mokhtar , Mó Otilia , Yáñez Manuel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe structure, relative stability, and anharmonic vibrational frequencies of the most stable complexes between glycine, serine, and cysteine with Ca2+have been calculated by means of DFT approaches. The global minimum of the potential energy surface for glycine‐Ca2+complex corresponds to the salt‐bridge (SB) form, whereas for serine‐ and cysteine‐Ca2+complexes is a charge‐solvated (CS) structure in which the metal dication is bound to the carbonyl group of the acidic function, the amino group and the OH (SH) group of the alcohol (enethiol) function. The energy gap between the CS global minimum and the SB form decreases significantly on going from serine to cysteine. Hence, for the latter both CS and SB forms could coexist in the gas phase mainly at high temperatures. Anharmonicity effects are lower than 10%, and do not affect significantly the assignment of the fundamental vibrational modes. The calculated infrared spectra of the SB and CS forms of glycine‐, serine‐, and cysteine‐Ca2+complexes show very distinctive characteristics, which should permit to unambiguously characterize them by IR multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) techniques. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Changes in Metabolic Profile and Adipoinsular Axis in Morbidly Obese Premenopausal Females Treated with Restrictive Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Marantos Georgios , Daskalakis Markos , Karkavitsas Nikolaos , Matalliotakis Ioannis , Papadakis John A. , Melissas John 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of surgically induced weight loss on the metabolic profile and adipocytokine levels in premenopausal morbidly obese females.MethodsTwenty premenopausal morbidly obese (MO) women with a median age of 34 years (range: 24–48 years) and a median body mass index (BMI) of 41.47 kg/m2 (range: 38.0–56.73 kg/m2) were studied (13 women underwent gastric banding and 7 women underwent sleeve gastrectomy). In addition, 20 lean premenopausal women with a median age of 32 years (range: 22–44 years) and a median BMI of 20.0 kg/m2 (range: 18.5–24.7 kg/m2) were also studied. Anthropometric measurements and metabolic parameters were analyzed in each patient, along with changes in leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) before surgery, 6 months after surgery, and 12 months after surgery. Comparisons with the reference normal‐weight subjects were also performed.ResultsBoth weight and BMI were found to be significantly decreased postoperatively. A 54.5% loss of excess BMI was observed 12 months after surgery, and was associated with significant improvement in all anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Twelve months after surgery we also observed decreased levels of serum leptin, resistin, and IL‐6; increased levels of serum adiponectin; and a remarkable improvement in metabolic syndrome markers. Furthermore, postoperative serum resistin and IL‐6 levels were found to reach those of normal‐weight volunteers.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that weight loss through restrictive bariatric surgery results in a significant reduction in leptin, resistin, and IL‐6 levels, and an increase in adiponectin levels, in addition to improving insulin sensitivity and glucose and lipid homeostasis in young morbidly obese female patients. These changes were significantly correlated with the magnitude of weight loss.
On the number of holomorphic mappings between Riemann surfaces of finite analytic type
Authors: Imayoshi Yoichi , Ito Manabu , Yamamoto Hiroshi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe set of non-constant holomorphic mappings between two given compact Riemann surfaces of genus greater than 1 is always finite. This classical statement was made by de Franchis. Furthermore, bounds on the cardinality of the set depending only on the genera of the surfaces have been obtained by a number of mathematicians. The analysis is carried over in this paper to the case of Riemann surfaces of finite analytic type (i.e. compact Riemann surfaces minus a finite set of points) so that the finiteness result, together with a crude but explicit bound depending only on the topological data, may be extended for the number of holomorphic mappings between such surfaces.
Idempotent-generated semigroups and pseudovarieties
Authors: Almeida J. , Moura A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe operator that constructs the pseudovariety generated by the idempotent-generated semi-groups of a given pseudovariety is investigated. Several relevant examples of pseudovarieties generated by their idempotent-generated elements are given, as well as some properties of this operator. Particular attention is paid to the pseudovarieties in {J, R, L, DA} concerning this operator and their generator ranks and idempotent-generator ranks.
Factorization of the canonical bases for higher-level Fock spaces
Authors: Ariki Susumu , Jacon Nicolas , Lecouvey Cédric 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe level l Fock space admits canonical bases $\mathcal{G}_{e}$ and $\smash{\mathcal{G}_{\infty}}$. They correspond to $\smash{\mathcal{U}_{v}(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{e})}$ and $\mathcal{U}_{v}({\mathfrak{sl}}_{\infty})$-module structures. We establish that the transition matrices relating these two bases are unitriangular with coefficients in ℕ[v]. Restriction to the highest-weight modules generated by the empty l-partition then gives a natural quantization of a theorem by Geck and Rouquier on the factorization of decomposition matrices which are associated to Ariki–Koike algebras.
The Controversies on Fascism in Colonial Korea in the early 1930s
Authors: TIKHONOV VLADIMIR 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe paper deals with the trends of fascist and fascist-like right-wing social and political thought in colonial Korea in the early 1930s. It shows that in the 1920s, Korea's right wing, its ability to reach out to the masses being severely limited, preferred mostly conciliatory tactics in its relationship with leftist radicals, often making efforts towards inventing ‘hybrid’ ideologies which would integrate the leftist social concerns into the mainstream religious or nationalist constructions (an example of such a hybrid were various Korean versions of Christian socialism). After the Great Depression, however, Korea's nascent bourgeoisie felt more threatened and became more interested in keeping abreast with right-wing extremist trends in the mother country (Japan) and elsewhere. Such representative ideologists of the Korean propertied class as Yun Ch'iho and Yi Kwangsu were praising Mussolini and employing strong Social Darwinist language in their exhortations to the Korean people to ‘regain their vitality and develop [a] spirit of collectivism, obedience and self-sacrifice’. However, until the very end of the 1930s many of Korea's right-wing ideologues remained pronouncedly religious (Yun as Christian, Yi as Buddhist). While highlighting the religious essentials of their worldviews they often abstained from imitating the most extremist traits of European fascist ideologies (for example, anti-Semitism). In many ways, Korea's fascism continued until the end of the 1930s to be an intellectual discourse rather than a mass movement, and retained a strong aura of belonging to more mainstream religious or nationalist traditions.
Morphological analysis in learning to read pseudowords in Hebrew
Authors: BAR-ON AMALIA , RAVID DORIT 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the role of morphology in gradeschool children's learning to read nonpointed Hebrew. It presents two experiments testing the reading of morphologically based nonpointed pseudowords. One hundred seventy-one Hebrew-speaking children and adolescents in seven age/schooling groups (beginning and end of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 7th, and 11th grade) and a group of adults participated in the study. Participants were administered two tasks of reading aloud nonpointed pseudowords with morphological composition: words in isolation and words in sentential context. Results pinpoint the developmental milestones on the way to efficient nonpointed word recognition in Hebrew: learning to use morphological pattern cues to fill in missing phonological information, where second grade is an important “watershed” period; and overcoming homography by learning to detect morphosyntactic cues, an ability that develops more gradually and over a longer period than pattern recognition.
Morphological sensitivity in deaf readers of Dutch
Authors: VAN HOOGMOED ANNE H. , VERHOEVEN LUDO , SCHREUDER ROBERT , KNOORS HARRY 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTDeaf children experience difficulties with reading comprehension. These difficulties are not completely explained by their difficulties with the reading of single short words. Whether deaf children and adults lag behind in the morphological processing of longer words is therefore examined in two experiments in which the processing of prefixes by deaf versus hearing children and deaf versus hearing adults is compared. The results show that the deaf children use morphological processing but to a lesser extent than hearing children. No differences appeared between the deaf and hearing adults. Differences between deaf children with and without a cochlear implant were examined, but no firm conclusions could be drawn. The implications of the results for the reading instruction of deaf children are discussed.
Turning Rurality into Modernity:SuzhiEducation in a Suburban Public School of Migrant Children in Xiamen
Authors: Lin Yi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDrawing upon fieldwork conducted in a public school of largely migrant children in suburban Xiamen, south-east China, this article first looks into the formation of class lines between people with different backgrounds – migrant, urban or rural – against thesuzhi jiaoyuprogramme of the school. This programme particularly targets the rural populace with a carefully and specifically selected curriculum and quantifiable techniques, in order to turn them into the self-individuated and homogenized subjects of China's modernization project. However, this article also argues that the coercive concept ofsuzhihas revealed internal contradictions that render any attempt at consensus on what plural qualities constitute capital Q Quality self-contradictory and ultimately less productive. Lastly, it suggests thatsuzhimay be better understood as an ever-ongoing project of meaning making that aims to form a body of knowledge in China's exploration of new paradigms of governance.
Christianity and the Errors of Our Time: Simone Weil on Atheism and Idolatry
Authors: von der Ruhr Mario 
Published: June 2011

In his 1985 book on philosophy and atheism, the Canadian thinker Kai Nielsen, a prolific writer on the subject, wonders why the philosophy of religion is ‘so boring’, and concludes that it must be ‘because the case for atheism is so strong that it is difficult to work up much enthusiasm for the topic.’ Indeed, Nielsen even regards most of the contemporary arguments for atheism as little more than ‘mopping up operations after the Enlightenment’ which, on the whole, add little to the socio-anthropological and socio-psychological accounts of religion provided by thinkers like Feuerbach, Marx and Freud, as any ‘reasonable person informed by modernity’ will readily acknowledge. On this view, the answer to Kant's question – ‘What may we hope?’ – does not gesture towards a resurrection and personal immortality, but instead to the death of religious discourse itself:
I think, and indeed hope, that God-talk, and religious discourse more generally, is, or at least should be, dying out in the West, or more generally in a world that has felt the force of a Weberian disenchantment of the world. This sense that religious convictions are no longer a live option is something which people who think of themselves as either modernists or post-modernists very often tend to have.
Pluripotent Stem Cells and Reprogrammed Cells in Farm Animals
Authors: Nowak-Imialek Monika , Kues Wilfried , Carnwath Joseph W. , Niemann Heiner 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPluripotent cells are unique because of their ability to differentiate into the cell lineages forming the entire organism. True pluripotent stem cells with germ line contribution have been reported for mice and rats. Human pluripotent cells share numerous features of pluripotentiality, but confirmation of theirin vivocapacity for germ line contribution is impossible due to ethical and legal restrictions. Progress toward derivation of embryonic stem cells from domestic species has been made, but the derived cells were not able to produce germ line chimeras and thus are termed embryonic stem-like cells. However, domestic animals, in particular the domestic pig (Sus scrofa), are excellent large animals models, in which the clinical potential of stem cell therapies can be studied. Reprogramming technologies for somatic cells, including somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion,in vitroculture in the presence of cell extracts,in vitroconversion of adult unipotent spermatogonial stem cells into germ line derived pluripotent stem cells, and transduction with reprogramming factors have been developed with the goal of obtaining pluripotent, germ line competent stem cells from domestic animals. This review summarizes the present state of the art in the derivation and maintenance of pluripotent stem cells in domestic animals.