bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premalignant Lesions of the Larynx and their Management
Authors: Hakeem Arsheed Hussain , Hakeem Imtiyaz Hussain , Pradhan Sultan A 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe classification and the most appropriate treatment of the precancerous lesions of the larynx continue to be controversial. It is an established fact that the dysplastic lesions of the larynx have the potential to evolve into malignant lesion. It is also well-known that the capacity of this transformation significantly correlates to the grade of dysplasia of the epithelium. The diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these lesions depend almost entirely on their histological abnormalities.
Clinical and Imaging Assessment, Staging and Decision Making in Laryngeal Cancers
Authors: Badhe Rakesh 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCancer of the larynx has numerous implications—respiration, swallowing and speech, besides disability, vocational, recreational, etc. There are numerous treatment options which have been proven to be effective with randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis’. Often, the choice of modality offered to the patient is tailored to the patient's requirements as regard to his/her domestic, vocational and recreational environment. Although we may have a plethora of options for patients belonging to each stage of the disease, there are certain guidelines which must be adhered to in order to prevent any compromise of oncological safety. This article focuses on the planning of the treatment options based on various assessment modalities.
Special Considerations in Anesthesia for Laryngeal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Flory Sonia , Appadurai Ian R 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The airway is not only shared but operated upon during laryngeal cancer surgery. Patients with laryngeal cancer may require general anesthesia for diagnostic endoscopic procedures, for endolaryngeal laser surgery or for major cancer resectional surgery. This review outlines the importance of careful assessment of the airway and medical comorbidities and discusses the options for anesthetic and ventilatory management whilst ensuring a safe airway, adequate oxygenation and the best possible view of the surgical field. Laryngeal cancer surgery may improve the airway or create new problems and the need for meticulous planning, multidisciplinary input, good communication and close cooperation between all members of the team is emphasized.
Photodynamic Therapy for Laryngeal Cancers
Authors: Biel Merill , Thankappan Kiskumar , Henderson Barbara , Rigual Nestor 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLaryngeal cancer can associated with significant long-term morbidities. Photodynamic (PDT), a minimally invasive treatment that uses light of a specific wavelength to activate a photosensitizing agent in the tumor and its microenvironment, offers a viable alternative treatment for this patient population without permanent treatment related sequelae.Our focus in this review is to discuss the existing evidence for the utilization PDT in treating laryngeal cancers and to summarize the advantages and limitations of this novel therapy.
Voice Rehabilitation after Laryngectomy
Authors: Erman Audrey B , Deschler Daniel G 
Published: March 2011

AbstractImprovements in voice rehabilitation over the past century have paralleled the surgical success of laryngectomy. The establishment of the tracheoesophageal puncture marked a turning point in the development of successful and dependable voice rehabilitation. Surgical options include both primary and secondary placement of a tracheoesophageal puncture. Though complications, such as pharyngoesophageal spasm or prosthesis leakage may occur, patients should expect functional voice restoration after laryngectomy.
Characterization of the devolatilization rate of solid fuels in fluidized beds by time‐resolved pressure measurements
Authors: Solimene R. , Chirone R. , Salatino P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe characterization of volatile matter (VM) release from solid fuel particles during fluidized‐bed combustion/gasification is relevant to the assessment of the reactor performance, as devolatilization rate affects in‐bed axial fuel segregation and VM distribution across the reactor. An experimental technique for the characterization of the devolatilization rate of solid fuels in fluidized beds is proposed. It is based on the analysis of the time series of pressure measured in a bench‐scale fluidized‐bed reactor as VM is released from a batch of fuel particles. A remarkable feature of the technique is the possibility to follow fast devolatilization with excellent time‐resolution. A mathematical model of the experiment has been developed to determine the time‐resolved devolatilization rate, the devolatilization time and the volume‐based mean molecular weight of the emitted volatile compounds. Devolatilization kinetics has been characterized for different solid fuels over a broad range of particle sizes. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Exploring flux representations of complex kinetics networks
Authors: He Kaiyuan , Ierapetritou Marianthi G. , Androulakis Ioannis P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTo extract meaningful information from complex kinetic models involving a large number of species and reactions, advanced computational techniques are required. In this work, new approaches have been proposed based on element flux calculations for systematic kinetic analysis of complex reaction models. These approaches quantify element transformation flux between species to determine a metric that accurately captures the production and consumption of species. Furthermore, a graph searching procedure is employed to retrieve all possible reaction pathways from the highly complex reaction networks. Element fluxes involved in these pathways provide an indicator to quantitatively evaluate pathway activities. Based on pathway activities, a novel approach is proposed to project the totality of the information contained in pathway weights onto a single scalar, reactivity status indicator, which enables a compact representation of local chemistry. The proposed approaches are illustrated with highly complex kinetic mechanisms describing oxidation of n‐pentane, n‐heptane, and a biodiesel surrogate methyl‐butanoate. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Reproduction, aging, and body shape by three‐dimensional photonic scanning in Thai men and women
Authors: Wells Jonathan C.K. , Charoensiriwath Supiya , Treleaven Philip 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectives: Aging and reproduction have been independently associated with body shape in women, with redistribution of body fat from lower to upper body regions. This may be interpreted as a life history strategy for allocating energy between competing peripheral fat depots for reproduction, and central fat depots for maintenance and survival. It remains unclear whether men show similar life history strategy in shape. The objectives of this study were to investigate associations between shape, age, and number of offspring in both men and women from Thailand.Methods: We analyzed data on body shape from three‐dimensional photonic scanning, and number of reported offspring, available for 5,889 men and 6,449 women aged 16–90 years from the Thai National Sizing Survey.Results: Bearing children was associated with increased upper body girths and decreased lower body girths in women, independent of age, weight and height. Unlike motherhood, fatherhood was not associated with shape outcomes indexing adiposity, but was associated with arm girth, which may represent an index of sexual attractiveness. In those without children, aging was associated with greater upper body girths and reduced lower body girths, in both sexes.Conclusions: Life history strategy in body shape is apparent in both sexes, with aging associated with a shift of tissue away from the lower limb to the upper body. Such strategy may reflect age‐changes in the relative costs and benefits of different regional tissue masses. Changes in fat distribution related to aging and reproduction may contribute to the life‐course development of cardiovascular risk. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in transplant recipients
Authors: Mateen Farrah J. , Muralidharan RajaNandini , Carone Marco , van de Beek Diederik , Harrison Daniel M. , Aksamit Allen J. , Gould Mary S. , Clifford David B. , Nath Avindra 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective:Transplant recipients are at risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare demyelinating disorder caused by oligodendrocyte destruction by JC virus.Methods:Reports of PML following transplantation were found using PubMed Entrez (1958–July 2010). A multicenter, retrospective cohort study also identified all cases of PML among transplant recipients diagnosed at Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins University, Washington University, and Amsterdam Academic Medical Center. At 1 institution, the incidence of posttransplantation PML was calculated.Results:A total of 69 cases (44 solid organ, 25 bone marrow) of posttransplantation PML were found including 15 from the 4 medical centers and another 54 from the literature. The median time to development of first symptoms of PML following transplantation was longer in solid organ vs bone marrow recipients (27 vs 11 months, p = 0.0005, range of <1 to >240). Median survival following symptom onset was 6.4 months in solid organ vs 19.5 months in bone marrow recipients (p = 0.068). Case fatality was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 70.3–92.4%) and survival beyond 1 year was 55.7% (95% CI, 41.2–67.2%). The incidence of PML among heart and/or lung transplant recipients at 1 institution was 1.24 per 1,000 posttransplantation person‐years (95% CI, 0.25–3.61). No clear association was found with any 1 immunosuppressant agent. No treatment provided demonstrable therapeutic benefit.Interpretation:The risk of PML exists throughout the posttransplantation period. Bone marrow recipients survive longer than solid organ recipients but may have a lower median time to first symptoms of PML. Posttransplantation PML has a higher case fatality and may have a higher incidence than reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients on highly‐active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) or multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab. ANN NEUROL 2011;
Gum acacia as a facile reducing, stabilizing, and templating agent for palladium nanoparticles
Authors: Devi D. Keerthi , Pratap S. Veera , Haritha R. , Sivudu K. Samba , Radhika P. , Sreedhar B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article presents the findings of a facile and effective nanoparticle synthesis approach based on aqueous solutions of gum acacia (GA), also known as gum arabic without the addition of any toxic reagents either for the reduction or capping for the effective stabilization of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution (with a H2PdCl4/GA ratio of 1:29.411, the solution the average diameter was 9.1 nm, and the standard deviation was ±0.3 nm). In this approach, the particle size was controlled by the manipulation of the temperature, time, and concentration of GA. The synthesized Pd nanoparticles were well characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and thermogravimetric analysis. This route was very simple and reproducible, and further study on the application of these nanoparticles for various organic transformations is underway. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation and properties of castor oil‐based polyurethane/α‐zirconium phosphate composite films
Authors: Ma Jun , Liu Changhua , Li Rui , Wu Haixia , Zhu Lina , Yang Yajuan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNovel castor oil‐based polyurethane/α‐zirconium phosphate (PU/α‐ZrP) composite films with different α‐ZrP loading (0–1.6 wt %) and different NCO/OH molar ratios were synthesized by a solution casting method. The characteristic properties of the PU/α‐ZrP composite films were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and tensile testing. The results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding formed between α‐ZrP and PU, XRD and SEM results revealed that the α‐ZrP particles were uniformly distributed in the PU matrix at low loading, and obvious aggregation existed at high loading. Because of hydrogen bonding interactions, the maximum values of tensile strength were obtained with 0.6 wt % α‐ZrP loading and 1.5 of NCO/OH molar ratio in the matrix. Evidence proved that the induced α‐ZrP used as a new filler material can affect considerably the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The clf2 gene has an epigenetic role in the multifactorial etiology of cleft lip and palate in the A/WySn mouse strain
Authors: Plamondon Jenna A. , Harris Muriel J. , Mager Dixie L. , Gagnier Liane , Juriloff Diana M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe A/WySn mouse strain with 15 to 20% penetrance of cleft lip and palate (CLP) is an animal model for human multifactorial CLP. The CLP is due to two unlinked genes that interact epistatically, Wnt9bclf1 and clf2, plus a maternal effect. The Wnt9bclf1 mutation is an IAP transposon insertion. The clf2 gene, with unknown function, was located in a 13.6 Mb region of chromosome 13 containing 145 genes.METHODSTo reduce the clf2 candidate region, 1146 mice segregating for A/WySn and C57BL/6J alleles at clf2 were screened for recombinants by simple sequence‐length polymorphism haplotypes; recombinants' testcross progeny were typed for CLP and simple‐sequence length polymorphisms. To identify the function of clf2, the effect of clf2 genotype on risk of CLP was tested in Wnt9bnull/null knockouts and in compound mutants (Wnt9bclf1/null), and the methylation of the IAP at Wnt9b was assayed in the Wnt9bclf1/null mutants by combined bisulfite restriction analysis.RESULTSThe location of clf2 was redefined to 3.0 Mb between Cntnap3 and AK029746 containing 48 genes, of which 30 are Zfp genes. The clf2 genotype had no detectable effect on Wnt9bnull/null embryos, but strongly affected risk of CLP and methylation of the IAP in Wnt9bclf1/null embryos. CLP was associated with low levels of methylation of the IAP.CONCLUSIONSThe clf2 gene is the first identified polymorphism that affects the epigenetic methylation and silencing of IAP retrotransposons. This CLP model raises the question of whether parallel epigenetic factors are involved in risk and environmental sensitivity of human CLP. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glucose biosensor based on nanohybrid material of gold nanoparticles and glucose oxidase on a bioplatform
Authors: Zhang Yan , Jia Wenjuan , Cui Miao , Dong Chuan , Shuang Shaomin , Kwan Yuen , Choi Martin M. F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA simple and relatively cheap glucose biosensor based on a combination of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on a bioplatform eggshell membrane was established. Scanning electron microscopy showed successful immobilization of Au NPs/GOx on the eggshell membrane. The effects of pH, phosphate buffer concentration, and temperature on the glucose biosensor were studied in detail. The biosensor shows a linear response at a glucose concentration range of 5–525 μM. The detection limit of the biosensor is 2.5 μM (S/N = 3). The biosensor exhibits good repeatability with RSD = 3.6% (n = 6), good operational stability with over 300 measurements and long‐term storage stability with a shelf life of at least 6 months. The response time is less than 60 s. The glucose level in commercial food samples has been successfully determined. The proposed work shows potential to develop cost‐effective biosensors for biotechnological, biomedical and industrial use.
HSP70 expression: does it a novel fatigue signalling factor from immune system to the brain?
Authors: Heck Thiago Gomes , Schöler Cinthia Maria , de Bittencourt Paulo I. Homem 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntegrative physiology studies have shown that immune system and central nervous system interplay very closely towards behavioural modulation. Since the 70‐kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70s), whose heavy expression during exercise is well documented in the skeletal muscle and other tissues, is also extremely well conserved in nature during all evolutionary periods of species, it is conceivable that HSP70s might participate of physiologic responses such as fatigue induced by some types of physical exercise. In this way, increased circulating levels of extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) could be envisaged as an immunomodulatory mechanism induced by exercise, besides other chemical messengers (e.g. cytokines) released during an exercise effort, that are able to binding a number of receptors in neural cells. Studies from this laboratory led us to believe that increased levels of eHSP70 in the plasma during exercise and the huge release of eHSP70 from lymphocytes during high‐load exercise bouts may participate in the fatigue sensation, also acting as a danger signal from the immune system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endovascular approach to treat ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm in a patient with previous CABG and very high surgical risk
Authors: Zago Alexandre C. , Saadi Eduardo K. , Zago Alcides J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta is an uncommon pathology and a challenge in high‐risk patients who undergo conventional surgery because of high operative morbidity and mortality. Endovascular exclusion of an aortic pseudoaneurysm using an endoprosthesis is a less invasive approach, but few such cases have been reported. Moreover, the use of this approach poses unique therapeutic challenges because there is no specific endoprosthesis for ascending aortic repair, particularly to treat patients with previous coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). We describe the case of a 74‐year‐old patient who had undergone CABG and later presented with an iatrogenic ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm that occurred during an angiography. This patient was at very high risk for surgical treatment and, therefore, an endovascular approach was adopted: percutaneous coronary intervention for the left main coronary artery, left anterior descending and left circumflex native coronary arteries followed by endovascular endoprosthesis deployment in the ascending aorta to exclude the pseudoaneurysm. Both procedures were successfully performed, and the patient was discharged without complications 4 days later. At 5 months' clinical follow‐up, his clinical condition was good and he had no complications. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DFT Comparison of N‐Nitrosodimethylamine Decomposition Pathways Over Ni and Pd
Authors: Ranea V. A. , Strathmann T. J. , Shapley J. R. , Schneider W. F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRecent experimental studies report rapid and efficient reduction of N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and related aquatic micropollutants mediated by palladium (Pd) and nickel (Ni) surfaces, but differing mechanisms have been reported for the surface reactions. Here, NDMA adsorption and fragmentation on Ni and Pd surfaces has been studied using supercell slab density functional theory (DFT) calculations. NDMA adsorbs in two stable configurations on each surface. Upright binding through the NO fragment is slightly preferred energetically and provides entrance to an exothermic NO dissociation pathway with moderately high activation barriers. Flat binding through the NNO plane is somewhat less favorable but leads to a facile and exothermic dissociation across the NN bond. These results suggest that both mechanisms are in competition and may contribute to the observed catalytic reduction of NDMA over these metals in aqueous solution.
Synthesis of Stable Silicon Heterocycles by Reaction of Organic Substrates with a Chlorosilylene [PhC(NtBu)2SiCl]
Authors: Khan Shabana , Sen Sakya S. , Kratzert Daniel , Tavčar Gašper , Roesky Herbert W. , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHeteroleptic chlorosilylene (PhC(NtBu)2SiCl) (1) reacts with unsaturated organic compounds under oxidative addition. Reactions of 1 with cyclooctatetraene (COT) and a diimine afford [1+4]‐cycloaddition products 3 and 6, respectively. In the case of COT, one SiN bond of the amidinato ligand is cleaved, resulting in tetracoordinate silicon, whereas with a diimine a pentacoordinate silicon is formed. Treatment of 1 with ArNCNAr (Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) yields silaimine complex 4 with cleavage of one of the CN bonds. The facile isolation of silaimine complexes is probably due to the kinetic protection afforded by the bulky Ar moiety. When 1 is treated with tert‐butyl isocyanate, cleavage of the CO bond is observed, which leads to formation of the four‐membered Si2O2 cycle 5. The same product is formed when 1 is allowed to react with trimethylamine N‐oxide. When 1 is treated with diphenyl disulfide, cleavage of the SS bond occurs to form 7. All products have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, EI mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. In addition, the molecular structures of 3–6 have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Collectively, these results suggest that owing to the presence of the lone pair of electrons, the propensity of 1 to undergo oxidative addition is very high.
Mesoporous α‐Fe2O3 Nanospheres: Structural Evolution and Investigation of Magnetic Properties
Authors: Li Guang , Liu Mingyang , Kou Hui‐Zhong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA solvothermal route is adopted to produce mesoporous α‐Fe2O3 nanospheres by using polyethylene glycol as soft template and n‐butanol/H2O as mixed solvent. The mesoporous α‐Fe2O3 nanospheres are subjected to calcination at different temperatures, and the specific surface area, pore size, and magnetic properties of the as‐prepared nanospheres are investigated. The studies reveal that the pore sizes of the mesoporous α‐Fe2O3 nanospheres increase with higher calcination temperature, and high‐temperature calcination brings about tightness of the pore wall. Magnetic studies show that aggregation of the small particles raises the Morin transition temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Beliefs and Facts in Permanganate Chemistry ‐ An Overview on the Synthesis and the Reactivity of Simple and Complex Permanganates
Authors: Kotai Laszlo , Gacs Istvan , Sajo Istvan E. , Sharma Pradeep K. , Banerji Kalyan K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractReview: 602 refs.