bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat manipulation in potato affects Colorado potato beetle dispersal
Authors: Szendrei Z. , Kramer M. , Weber D. C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIncreased habitat complexity in agricultural fields can alter the movement of pests into or within a field. Using a mark–release–recapture method with Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say)], we compared the tenure time and dispersal of marked insects released within experimental potato fields to those released at the field borders in three trials in summer 2006. Plots within fields had rye, vetch or no plant residues. Movement of marked Colorado potato beetles into the tilled plots was significantly higher than into vetch or rye cover treatments. The abundance of naturally occurring beetles in the three cover treatments followed the general patterns of the number of marked immigrants over all releases. Marked beetles released inside the potato field tended to move along the release row rather than across rows; this pattern was stronger for the tilled treatment than for the two mulch cover treatments. Marked beetles disappeared from within the potato fields differently, depending on the cover crop treatment, but the patterns were not consistent over the season. Incorporation of dispersal patterns into pest management strategies should improve methods of pest population regulation, especially for the initial colonization of fields.
Immotile Short‐Tail Sperm Defect in Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) Breed Bulls
Authors: Siqueira JB , Pinho RO , Guimarães SEF , Miranda Neto T , Guimarães JD 
Published: September 2009

ContentThis case study reported the presence of short tail sperm defect in the semen of three Nelore breed bulls. The sperm presented 0% of motility in the three animals evaluated and a total of 70%, 61% and 34% of pathologies of the intermediate piece of the tail respectively for animals 1, 2 and 3. It was identified that animals 2 and 3 had high degree of inbreeding, although no relationship was found with animal 1. Animal 2 was the only one that presented inbreeding coefficient (6.25%). His half‐sib (animal 3) and animal 1, from the same herd, had shown no inbreeding, showing that inheritance is not the only determinant factor for its incidence on Nelore males.
Pregnancy‐Associated Glycoprotein and Progesterone Concentrations during Pregnancy Failure in Bedouin Goat from the Southwest of Algeria
Authors: Charallah S , Amirat Z , Sulon J , Khammar F , Beckers JF 
Published: September 2009

ContentsThirteen female Bedouin goats living in arid land of Algeria Sahara desert were used in this study. These goats were pregnant but they sustained an abortion because of unidentified causes. None of the goats showed any signs of general disease. Plasma concentrations of caprine pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (cPAGs) and progesterone (P4) were determined during pregnancy using radioimmunoassay. The cPAGs concentration was undetectable (<0.8 ng/ml) throughout the first 2 weeks of gestation. From week 3 after mating, cPAGs concentration was detectable with significant individual variations (p < 0.05) reaching a maximum secretion (436.1 ng/ml). Throughout gestation, cPAGs concentration remained relatively constant but decreased few days before abortion, on an average of 9.2 ± 1.2 days (n = 11), except for two females where the concentrations decreased later (1–2 days before abortion). One or two peaks of cPAGs concentrations (in 4/13 and in 9/13 females, respectively) have been measured few weeks before abortion (77–124 days after mating), when a decline of cPAGs was detected. The P4 concentration increased after mating, and was high from the first week till the end of pregnancy. The P4 concentration (9.1 ± 0.9 ng/ml) decreased rapidly (<0.5 ng/ml) after 4 ± 0.7 days (n = 6) or 9.4 ± 1.6 days (n = 7) before abortion. A positive relationship (p < 0.01) was found between P4 and cPAGs concentrations during gestation. Results indicate that cPAGs and P4 measurements can be used for monitoring gestation and for abortion prediction.
Impact of climate on the vertical water column structure of Lajes Reservoir (Brazil): A tropical reservoir case
Authors: Branco Christina W.C. , Kozlowsky‐Suzuki Betina , Sousa‐Filho Izidro F. , Guarino Alcides W.S. , Rocha Rinaldo J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRibeirão das Lajes Reservoir was constructed in 1905 for energy production, and is now used as a domestic water supply for about 1 million people. The reservoir was considered as being general monomictic, exhibiting water column mixing in the winter. Water column mixing, however, did not occur in the deepest parts of the reservoir in the warm year of 2005. Nevertheless, the long stratification period leads to an anoxic, nutrient‐rich hypolimnion that exhibits poor water quality in the deepest part. The meteorological events of cold front passages in the reservoir region were not able to disrupt the water column stability, or affect its water quality for domestic supply. Maintenance of thermal stratification over most of the year was likely because of the low influence of wind, long water retention time, and the input of cold water from the tributary and from rain directly draining into the metalimnion.
Effect of retinoic acid on renal development in newborn mice treated with an angiogenesis inhibitor
Authors: Lee Soo Jeong , Cho Su Jin , Ju Sun Young , Ryu Kyung‐Ha , Sung Soon Hee , Park Eun Ae 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground:  A mouse model of impaired renal development was developed and the effect of retinoic acid (RA) was investigated in this animal model.Methods:  An angiogenesis inhibitor (SU1498) was injected s.c. into day 3 C57BL/6 newborn mice to create a model of arrested renal development. RA (2 mg/kg) was injected i.p. for 10 days. Morphometry and immunohistochemistry were done.Results:  Mice injected with SU1498 demonstrated deranged renal development in tubular structure and glomerular tuft area. Cortical thickness and area of glomerular tuft were significantly decreased after vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, and were significantly restored by RA. The length of capillary loops/glomerulus, the number of podocytes/glomerulus, and density of peritubular capillaries on CD31 immunostaining were significantly decreased by VEGF blocking and recovered by RA.Conclusions:  VEGF plays a major role in renal development, and RA reverses the inhibited development caused by an angiogenesis inhibitor.
Interlimb coordination differentiates Brazilian children from two socioeconomic settings
Authors: Bobbio Tatiana G. , Gabbard Carl , Gonçalves Vanda G. , Filho Antonio A. B. , Morcillo André M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground:  The aim of the present study was to test the notion that Brazilian children entering private school have a motor function advantage over those entering their first year in public school.Methods:  Four hundred and two children from the two cultural settings were examined for motor function in the first and 10th month of school (first grade). Participants were assessed based on age‐level standards and by total score for all items for children 3 to 7 years of age.Results:  The private school group outperformed their public setting peers on the first and second assessment; both groups improved over the school year. The most interesting outcome was the type of motor task that most clearly differentiated the groups: activities requiring gross motor (interlimb) coordination.Conclusion:  Among the recommendations given, it is suggested that motor skill activities, especially those involving interlimb coordination, be included with any type of motor programming for young children.
Effect of the rho‐kinase inhibitor hydroxyfasudil on bladder overactivity: An experimental rat model
Authors: Masago Toshihiko , Watanabe Takeshi , Saito Motoaki , Kinoshita Yukako , Sato Keisuke , Miyagawa Ikuo 
Published: September 2009

Objectives:  To investigate the effects of the rho‐kinase inhibitor hydroxyfasudil on bladder overactivity in cyclophosphamide (CYP)‐induced cystitis.Methods:  Female Sprague–Dawley rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of CYP (200 mg/kg). Four days later, bladder function was evaluated by: (i) monitoring micturition behavior in metabolic cages between hydroxyfasudil‐ and vehicle‐treated animals; (ii) measuring changes in continuous cystometrograms in response to intravenous hydroxyfasudil under anesthesia; and (iii) conducting a functional study examining the effect of hydroxyfasudil on the concentration‐response curves to carbachol in bladder tissue strips.Results:  Intraperitoneal injection of hydroxyfasudil (10 mg/kg) significantly increased both the average and maximal voided volumes. Hydroxyfasudil significantly decreased the maximal detrusor pressure, whereas the intercontraction interval was not significantly affected. After administration of 0.1, 0.3, 1, and 3 µM hydroxyfasudil, the maximal contraction of the concentration‐response curves to carbachol was significantly reduced to 74.5 ± 4.2%, 55.2 ± 5.6%, 29.4 ± 5.6%, and 21.6 ± 8.2% of the control values, respectively.Conclusions:  The present findings indicate that hydroxyfasudil might be a new treatment option for CYP‐induced detrusor overactivity.
A comprehensive theory of the human person from philosophy and nursing
Authors: Green Catherine 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article explores a problem of the articulation of an adequate account of the human person in both philosophical and nursing theory. It follows the lead of philosopher Norris Clarke in suggesting that there has been a significant division in the way philosophers have looked at the human person and goes on to suggest that this division is paralleled in prominent nursing theories. The paper reviews and argues for the synthesis of two contemporary philosophic theories of the person that arise from the traditional philosophical division, and uses Clarke's account to show the ontological need for such a synthesis if we are to have a more adequate account of the human person. Next, accounts of the person identified in a number of the prominent theories of nursing are briefly reviewed revealing the vast complexity of the person encountered in nursing practice. It is suggested that each new theory of nursing is founded, at least in part, on the need to account for attributes of the person missing from prior nursing theories. It will be seen that the synthesized account of the person argued for here more adequately accounts for the various attributes identified in these nursing accounts and it is hoped that this synthesized account will serve as a somewhat more complete basis for a continued exploration of the persons encountered in nursing practice in its many and varied manifestations.
The issue of life: Aristotle in nursing perspective
Authors: Elstad Ingunn , Torjuul Kirsti 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper explores the issue of life and its relevance to nursing, through Aristotle's philosophy and an Aristotelian interpretation of Nightingale's Notes on Nursing. Life as process and becoming has ontological status in Aristotle's philosophy and this dynamism is particularly relevant for nursing. The paper presents aspects of Aristotle's philosophy of life: his account of life as inherent powers of the individual, his analysis of change and time, and his understanding of sickness and health as qualitative states of living beings. It is shown how the Greek medical‐philosophical tradition, continued by Galenic medicine and hygiene into modern time, influenced Nightingale's nursing. Individuals' life‐maintaining metabolic relations to their surroundings are investigated through Aristotle and modern philosophy of biology and through Nightingale's nursing emphasis on the patient's relation to her or his immediate surroundings. It is argued that Nightingale's concern is really the processes of individual life, which in sickness necessitate temporally continuous nursing observation. Humans' radical dependency on their surroundings is actualized as interpersonal interdependency. The paper argues that the end of nursing care, the telos for which sake it is practised, is inherent in the individual course of the patients' life. When life processes are affected by sickness, infirmity, medical interventions or mental suffering, individuals need competent help to live – and to live as well as possible. It is suggested that the special responsibility of nursing is to facilitate, relieve and protect individual life continuously during such times.
Augmenting the Cartesian medical discourse with an understanding of the person's lifeworld, lived body, life story and social identity
Authors: Sunvisson Helena , Habermann Barbara , Weiss Sara , Benner Patricia 
Published: September 2009

AbstractUsing three paradigm cases of persons living with Parkinson's Disease (PD) the authors make a case for augmenting and enriching a Cartesian medical account of the pathophysiology of PD with an enriched understanding of the lived body experience of PD, the lived implications of PD for a particular person's concerns and coping with the illness. Linking and adding a thick description of the lived experience of PD can enrich caregiving imagination and attunement to the patient's possibilities, concerns and constraints. The work of Merleau‐Ponty is used to articulate the middle terms of the lived experience of dwelling in a lifeworld. Examining lived experience of embodied intentionality, skilled bodily capacities as highlighted in Merleau‐Ponty's non‐mechanistic physiology opens new therapeutic, coping and caregiving possibilities. Matching temporal rhythms can decrease the stress of being assisted with activities of daily living. For example, caregivers and patients alike can be taught strategies for extending their lived bodily capacities by altering rhythms, by shifting hyperactivity to different parts of the body and other strategies that change the perceptual experience associated with walking in different environment. A medical account of the pathophysiology of PD is nessessary and useful, but not sufficient for designing caregiving in ways that enrich and extend the existential skills of dwelling of persons with PD. The dominance of mechanistic physiology makes caregivers assume that it is the ‘real discourse’ about the disease, causing researchers and caregivers alike to overlook the equally real lived experience of the patient which requires different descriptive discourses and different sources of understanding. Lack of dialogue between the two discourses is tragic for patients because caregivers need both in order to provide attuned, effective caregiving.
Three versions of an ethics of care
Authors: Edwards Steven D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe ethics of care still appeals to many in spite of penetrating criticisms of it which have been presented over the past 15 years or so. This paper tries to offer an explanation for this, and then to critically engage with three versions of an ethics of care. The explanation consists firstly in the close affinities between nursing and care. The three versions identified below are by Gilligan (1982), a second by Tronto (1993), and a third by Gastmans (2006), see also Little (1998). Each version is described and then subjected to criticism. It is concluded that where the ethics of care is presented in a distinctive way, it is at its least plausible; where it is stated in more plausible forms, it is not sufficiently distinct from nor superior to at least one other common approach to nursing ethics, namely the much‐maligned ‘four principles’ approach. What is added by this paper to what is already known: as the article tries to explain, in spite of its being subjected to sustained criticism the ethics of care retains its appeal to many scholars. The paper tries to explain why, partly by distinguishing three different versions of an ethics of care. It is also shown that all three versions are beset with problems the least serious of which is distinctiveness from other approaches to moral problems in health care.
Filling N‐Sided Regions by Quad Meshes for Subdivision Surfaces
Authors: Nasri A. , Sabin M. , Yasseen Z. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Given an n‐sided region bounded by a loop of n polylines, we present a general algorithm to fill such a region by a quad mesh suitable for a subdivision scheme. Typically, the approach consists of two phases: the topological phase and the geometrical phase. In the first part, the connectivity of the mesh is based on determining a partitioning of the region into rectangular subregions across which regular grid could be constructed. The geometrical phase generalizes discrete Coon's patches to position the vertices in the 3D space. The generated mesh could be taken as input to any quad‐based subdivision scheme, such as that of Catmull–Clark or Doo–Sabin to generate the corresponding limit surface. The goal of the algorithm is to generate smooth meshes with minimum number and less valence of extraordinary vertices deemed undesirable in such subdivision schemes.
Estimating Stroke-Free and Total Life Expectancy in the Presence of Non-Ignorable Missing Values
Authors: Van Den Hout Ardo , Matthews Fiona E. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryA continuous time three-state model with time-dependent transition intensities is formulated to describe transitions between healthy and unhealthy states before death. By using time continuously, known death times can be taken into account. To deal with possible non-ignorable missing states, a selection model is proposed for the joint distribution of both the state and whether or not the state is observed. To estimate total life expectancy and its subdivision into life expectancy in health and ill health, the three-state model is extrapolated beyond the follow-up of the study. Estimation of life expectancies is illustrated by analysing data from a longitudinal study of aging where individuals are in a state of ill health if they have ever experienced a stroke. Results for the selection model are compared with results for a model where states are assumed to be missing at random and with results for a model that ignores missing states.
A Variable‐Sized Sliding‐Window Approach for Genetic Association Studies via Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Tang Rui , Feng Tao , Sha Qiuying , Zhang Shuanglin 
Published: September 2009

SummaryRecently with the rapid improvements in high‐throughout genotyping techniques, researchers are facing the very challenging task of analysing large‐scale genetic associations, especially at the whole‐genome level, without an optimal solution. In this study, we propose a new approach for genetic association analysis that is based on a variable‐sized sliding‐window framework and employs principal component analysis to find the optimum window size. With the help of the bisection algorithm in window‐size searching, our method is more computationally efficient than available approaches. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method by comparing it with two other methods—a single‐marker method and a variable‐length Markov chain method. We demonstrate that, in most cases, the proposed method out‐performs the other two methods. Furthermore, since the proposed method is based on genotype data, it does not require any computationally intensive phasing program to account for uncertain haplotype phase.
‘Eyewitnessing’? History and Visual Sources
Authors: Horsley Jessica 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIf history has experienced a ‘pictorial’ or visual turn in the past two decades, how widespread is this shift and how deep does it run? What is the relationship of the discipline of history to visual sources? This article assesses the current state of the field by investigating Peter Burke’s book Eyewitnessing. It considers not just the original edition but also its various translations to illuminate aspects of visual sources and the historian’s approach to them.
The Changing Fortunes of Britain’s ‘Heritage’ of Historic Buildings since 1945
Authors: Inglis Janet 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe past 60 years have seen a dramatic turnaround in public attitudes to historic buildings in the UK, shifting from contempt to veneration. This has resulted in a corresponding change in fortunes; buildings that would have been carelessly demolished 50 years ago are now protected and cherished. The historiographical literature of the period is largely dominated, in the post‐war years, by despairing pleas for greater attention, funding and respect for historic buildings, written by those who championed the seemingly hopeless cause of preservation and conservation. From the mid 1970s, the climate became increasingly favourable to ‘heritage’ and conservation, and several restoration narratives were published by those who rebuilt ruinous historic buildings for reoccupation. In the 1980s, the circle began to turn as an ‘anti‐heritage’ literature sprang up to challenge the conservationists; ‘heritage’ still has almost comic connotations in some academic circles. The current conservation debate among architectural historians and heritage supporters, crudely put, is a polarized stand‐off between the Ruinists and the Restorers, with economics now edging in as a justification for interventions.
Loved Labor’s Losses: The Congress of Industrial Organizations and the Effects of McCarthyism
Authors: Breitzer Susan Roth 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe years immediately following World War II were ones of far‐reaching fear in American society and politics that resulted from chilling relations with the then Soviet Union and the fear of the international and domestic spread of Communism. To deal with the Communist threat, perceived, and actual the American government stepped‐up an earlier anti‐Communist crusade that soon permanently took on the name McCarthyism after its most feared proponent, Wisconsin Senator Joseph R. McCarthy. Although few sectors of American society were untouched by McCarthyism in the 1940s and 1950s, American labor was hit especially hard, and one of its chief organizations, the Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO) chose to purge its most‐left leaning unions, a move that both failed to protect the American labor movement from McCarthyism and cost it its militant edge, all to the long‐term detriment of American working people. Nonetheless, historians traditionally defended the CIOs purge as a necessary and even laudable effort to rid the American labor movement of the menace of Communism. As the long‐term effects of the taming of American labor have become more apparent, however, historians have begun to take a more critical look at the reasons for the purge, as well as seeking more nuanced explanations for the political climate that made the purge possible.