bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Vacuum Packaging on the Shelf Life Extension of Beef Kebab during Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Hussain M Shakhawat , Uzzaman M Akter , Hossain M Afazal , Alam M Khorshed , Islam M Shamsul , Huque Roksana 
Published: December 2011

Investigation was carried out on the shelf life extension of beef kebab by gamma irradiation and vacuum packaging stored at refrigeration temperature. On the basis of combined organoleptic, chemical and microbiological evaluation a dose of 5 kGy and 2.5 kGy extended the shelf life of beef kebabs more than 4 weeks and 2 weeks respectively than the unirradiated kebabs stored at refrigeration temperature. Vacuum packaging with and without gamma irradiation was found to have no effect on the shelf life extension of beef kebab.Keywords: Beef kebab, Shelf life extension, Gamma irradiation, Vacuum packaging DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v23i2.883 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 23, Number 2, December 2006, pp 156-158
Effect of Culture Conditions on Production of Cytotoxic Enterotoxin of <i>Aeromonas sobria</i>
Authors: Rahim Zeaur , Khan Sirajul Islam , Ahmed Qazi Shafi , Islam Khan M Nasirul 
Published: December 2011

Cytotoxic enterotoxin (Act) production of a cytotoxic enterotoxin (act) gene-positive isolate of Aeromonas sobria was studied in different bacteriological culture media, such as brain heart infusion (BHIB), trypticase soy broth with yeast extract (TSB), casamino acid yeast extract and Richardson's medium. Cytotoxin production was evaluated in Vero cell-line. Of the various media tested, higher titre of Act was produced in BHIB. Production of Act was enhanced when calcium (1 mM), Mg (10 mM), iron (200 ìM) and sodium chloride (0.5%) was supplemented in BHIB. Keywords: Aeromonas sobria, cytotoxic enterotoxin (Act), Vero cell-assay DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v23i2.888 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 23, Number 2, December 2006, pp 171-173
Case report: Isolated unilateral pulmonary vein atresia diagnosed on 128-slice multidetector CT
Authors: Dixit Rashmi , Kumar Jyoti , Chowdhury Veena , Rajeshwari Krishnan , Sethi Gulshan Rai 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUnilateral pulmonary venous atresia is an uncommon entity that is generally believed to be congenital. Most patients present in infancy or childhood with recurrent chest infections or hemoptysis. Pulmonary angiography is usually used for definitive diagnosis. However, the current multislice CT scanners may obviate the need for pulmonary angiography. We report two cases diagnosed using 128-slice CT angiography. On the CT angiography images both these cases demonstrated absent pulmonary veins on the affected side, with a small pulmonary artery and prominent bronchial or other systemic arterial supply.
Double Jeopardy: Workplace Hazards and Behavioral Risks for Craftspersons and Laborers
Authors: Sorensen Glorian , Stoddard Anne , Hammond S. Katherine , Hebert James R. , Avrunin Jill Spitz , Ockene Judith K. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To address three specific questions in a sample of craftspersons and laborers: (1) Do craftspersons and laborers exposed to workplace hazards have higher behavioral risks, such as smoking and high-fat diets, than those with few job risks? (2) Compared to workers with few job risks, do workers exposed to risks on the job have higher intentions to reduce their behavioral risks? (3) Does concern about the level of exposure to risks on the job increase workers' intentions to reduce behavioral risks? Design. A cross-sectional self-administered survey was conducted in participating worksites. Setting. Twenty-two predominantly manufacturing worksites in Massachusetts. Subjects. Craftspersons and laborers responding to the survey and employed in these 22 worksites (completion rate = 61%, N = 1841). Measures. By using standardized items, this survey measured self-reported exposure to workplace hazards, concern about job exposures, smoking status, fat and fiber intake, readiness to quit smoking, plans to reduce fat intake, plans to eat more fruits and vegetables, and sociodemographic variables. Results. Workers reporting exposure to chemical hazards on the job were significantly more likely to be smokers than were unexposed workers, even when results were controlled for gender. Compared with unexposed workers, smokers exposed to chemical hazards were significantly more likely to be thinking of quitting or taking action to quit, when results were controlled for gender, race, and education. Among workers exposed to occupational chemical hazards, concern about this exposure was significantly associated with intentions to decrease fat intake and increase fruit and vegetable intake, and, among men, intentions to quit smoking. Conclusions. Efforts aimed at integrating health promotion and health protection are needed to address simultaneously the job risks and personal risks these workers face.
Normative Beliefs of Health Behavior Professionals regarding the Psychosocial and Environmental Factors That Influence Health Behavior Change Related to Smoking Cessation, Regular Exercise, and Weight Loss
Authors: Love Mary Beth , Davoli Gerald W. , Thurman Quint C. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To examine the degree of consensus among health behavior change professionals regarding the personal and environmental factors they believe most strongly influence health behavior decisions related to smoking cessation, regular exercise, and weight loss. Design. A factorial survey design was implemented. This method combines the positive elements from simple sample surveys and factorial experiment designs. A total of 44 independent psychosocial and environmental variables are used to randomly construct vignettes, or short stories, to collect dependent variable data. Subjects. A probability sample of 311 health behavior change professionals was selected from the Society for Public Health Education, Inc., the Society of Behavioral Medicine, and faculty from the 1986 Harvard University Symposium on Health Promotion in the Work Place. Measures. Judgment ratings on the probability that the person described in each vignette would initiate the behavior in question. Results. Multivariate analysis indicates that the multidimensional model explained approximately one half of the variance in the judgments across the three health behaviors (smoking cessation, R2 = .52; weight loss, R2 = .49; and regular exercise, R2 = .49). Conclusions. These data suggest a high degree of consensus among the sample regarding the personal and environmental factors that influence health behavior judgments. Here, the subjects perceive both behavioral intentions and self-efficacy as the most powerful determinants of judgments to initiate weight loss, regular exercise, and smoking cessation.
A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Worksite Health Promotion on Health-Related Outcomes
Authors: Wilson Mark G. , Holman Priscilla B. , Hammock Angie 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. This article provides the foundation for a series of literature reviews that critically examine the effectiveness of worksite health promotion programs. This issue reviews the exercise, health risk appraisal, nutrition and cholesterol, and weight control literatures; a future issue will review the alcohol, HIV/AIDS, multicomponent program, seat belt, smoking, and stress management literatures. Methods. The literature search used a four-step process that included a computerized database search, a reference search, a manual search of relevant health promotion journals, and the writing of the review by a recognized expert in the area being searched. The databases were searched from 1968 through 1994 and included Medline, Aidsline, Psychological Abstracts, Combined Health Information Database, Employee Benefits Infosource, National Prevention Evaluation Research Collection, National Resource Center on Worksite Health Promotion, National Technical Information Service, and the Substance Abuse Information database. A total of 288 articles were identified by the search, not including the 37 articles in the hypertension literature. Authors of each review were requested to incorporate additional studies not identified by the search, provide a research rating for each individual article, and a rating for the overall literature for their respective area. The authors reviewed 316 studies. Findings. The overall ratings for the reviews reported in this issue were suggestive for exercise, weak for health risk appraisals, suggestive/indicative for both nutrition and cholesterol, and indicative for weight control. The ratings for the other reviews will be reported in the subsequent issue. Conclusions. Research reported in these reviews suggests the effectiveness of worksite health promotion programs, however, additional research is required to provide conclusive evidence of their impact.
The Health Impact of Worksite Nutrition and Cholesterol Intervention Programs
Authors: Glanz Karen , Sorensen Glorian , Farmer Anna 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To summarize and provide a critical review of worksite health promotion program evaluations published between 1980 and 1995 that address nutrition and hypercholesterolemia. The article discusses and critiques both intervention methods and research methodologies to identify the most effective strategies. Methods. Core articles are 26 original, data-based studies that report on measures of health status, behavior, attitudes, and knowledge as outcomes of worksite nutrition and cholesterol interventions. Only work published since 1980 that clearly describes nutrition or cholesterol interventions and that includes identifiable nutrition-related outcomes is reviewed. The main search method was the same one used for this special issue; supplementary sources included those found in earlier reviews or identified through backward searches or expert contact. Summary of Important Findings. Ten worksite nutrition education programs were reviewed and were categorized as group education, group education plus individual counseling/instruction, cafeteria-based programs, and group education plus cafeteria-based programs. Four of these were randomized studies, and one used the worksite as the unit of randomization and analysis. Sixteen worksite cholesterol programs were reviewed, in five categories: monitoring; individual counseling; group sessions or classes; mediated methods using print, audiovisual, telephone, and self-help kits; and combination approaches. Of these, eight were randomized controlled trials; most tested interventions for persons with elevated cholesterol levels, although four studies reported cholesterol education programs for the general employee population. Six large controlled trials of worksite nutrition and cholesterol interventions in progress are also described. Major Conclusions. The conclusions that can be drawn from this review are limited by the study designs used, which often lacked control groups, used nonrandomized designs, or relied on self-selected high-risk or volunteer participants. Our rating for the quality of the evidence in the literature as a whole lies between suggestive and indicative. It is clear that worksite nutrition and cholesterol programs are feasible and that participants benefit in the short-term. Conclusive evidence about a causal relationship between worksite nutrition and cholesterol programs and improved behavior or health is not yet available, although studies currently underway hold promise for providing more solid evidence about the potential efficacy of these interventions.
The Impact of Worksite-Based Health Risk Appraisal on Health-Related Outcomes: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Anderson David R. , Staufacker Michael J. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To provide a brief history of the development and evolution of health risk appraisal (HRA) and to review studies published in peer-reviewed journals that address the impact of worksite-based HRA on health-related outcomes. Method. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted the primary literature search, identifying seven articles through a bibliographic search of major health databases, manual search of specific journals, and reference list search. We identified four additional studies from our personal experience and our manual search of previous reviews. Important Findings. Several studies reported positive changes in seat-belt use and self-reported physical activity associated with HRA participation, and changes in other health-related outcomes after HRA participation were also reported. Evidence supporting causal inference is lacking, however, because of the many threats to internal validity in studies completed to date. Almost no research has addressed the impact of HRA on health-related outcomes in the early “prebehavioral” stages of the change process, despite the theoretical and applied focus of HRA on these types of outcomes. Conclusions. On the basis of the small number of studies in the literature, evidence is weak regarding the impact of HRA itself on health-related outcomes. There is suggestive evidence for the effectiveness of HRA when it is used in a comprehensive worksite health promotion program. Future research should focus on the impact of HRA on variables in the early stages of the change process, such as awareness and commitment, rather than on behavioral outcomes. Research should also address specific characteristics of HRA instruments and implementation approaches.
Dietary Patterns of Men and Women Suggest Targets for Health Promotion: The Framingham Nutrition Studies
Authors: Millen Barbara E. , Quatromoni Paula A. , Gagnon David R. , Cupples L. Adrienne , Franz Mary M. , D'Agostino Ralph B. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. The goal of the study was to characterize the dietary patterns of adult men and women. Design. The study used a cross-sectional analysis of food consumption behaviors and nutrient intake measured from 1984 through 1988. Setting. The Framingham Offspring/Spouse Study, Framingham, Massachusetts. Subjects. The population-based sample comprised 1831 men and 1828 women between 20 and 70 years of age. Measures. Dietary patterns were defined by cluster analyses, which used the estimates of usual daily food intake from food frequency questionnaires, and the patterns were compared with Food Guide Pyramid recommendations. Nutrient intakes were independently estimated from 24-hour recalls and compared with Year 2000 nutrition recommendations. Results. Cluster analyses identified five groups of men and five groups of women with distinctive dietary patterns. Men differed on intakes of all food groups except vegetables and snacks plus sweetened beverages. Specific dietary behaviors, including low intakes of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and other complex carbohydrates; high intakes of beer and liquor; and high intakes of high-fat animal foods warrant targeted intervention messages for men. Women's patterns differed across all food groups except red meats and fattier poultry and beer. Dietary behaviors of women that deserve attention include low fruit, vegetable, starch, and dairy intakes; chronic dieting; high alcohol intake; and sources of hidden fats. No cluster met the current recommendations for food and nutrient intake. Conclusions. Distinct dietary patterns in Framingham men and women vary in compliance with national nutrition and health policy objectives and provide insights for developing behavioral interventions to improve food and nutrient intake.
The Theory of Planned Behavior: A Review of its Applications to Health-Related Behaviors
Authors: Godin Gaston , Kok Gerjo 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To review applications of Ajzen's theory of planned behavior in the domain of health and to verify the efficiency of the theory to explain and predict health-related behaviors. Methods. Most material has been drawn from Current Contents (Social and Behavioral Sciences and Clinical Medicine) from 1985 to date, together with all peer-reviewed articles cited in the publications thus identified. Findings. The results indicated that the theory performs very well for the explanation of intention; an averaged R2 of .41 was observed. Attitude toward the action and perceived behavioral control were most often the significant variables responsible for this explained variation in intention. The prediction of behavior yielded an averaged R2 of .34. Intention remained the most important predictor, but in half of the studies reviewed perceived behavioral control significantly added to the prediction. Conclusions. The efficiency of the model seems to be quite good for explaining intention, perceived behavioral control being as important as attitude across health-related behavior categories. The efficiency of the theory, however, varies between health-related behavior categories.
IODINE DOPING OF PREVULCANIZED NATURAL RUBBER LATEX AND ITS EFFECT ON DYNAMICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Predeep P. , Najidha S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Conducting polymers are finding new application areas in energy storage devices, optoelectronics, actuators etc. Iodine doped semiconducting prevulcanized natural rubber latex (RVNRL) is a potential candidate for many such applications. We had already demonstrated for the first time that pre-vulcanized NR latex can be doped by iodine to become electrically conducting and doping process is not affecting the flexibility or processability of the films. Synthesis and characterization of intrinsically electric conducting preculcanized natural rubber latex are briefly discussed. Further, dynamical mechanical properties of these doped RVNRL are reported. The glass transition (Tg) temperature of the chemically doped polyisoprene material was found to be shifted to higher temperature region with the iodine concentration. However, the mechanical properties are found to decrease at higher concentration of the dopant after showing an increasing trend as in the case of Tg at lower doping levels. An effort has also been made to explain this visibly contradictory behavior.
STRENGTH ENHANCEMENT FROM HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS OF ETHYLENE–PROPYLENE/ETHYLENE–PROPYLENE–DIENE
Authors: Buckley G. S. , Fragiadakis D. , Roland C. M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Random copolymers of ethylene and propylene are usually miscible with the corresponding unsaturated terpolymer (EPDM). Vulcanization of these blends yields networks in which only the EPDM is cross-linked. Despite chemical modification of the EPDM by its reaction with sulfur, there is no phase-separation evident during curing. The blend exhibits substantially higher strength than the corresponding pure EPDM networks, when compared at equal modulus. Thus, nearly miscible blend networks having a large disparity in component cross-linking can circumvent the usual trade-off between the stiffness and strength of elastomers. This exemplifies a general route to better mechanical properties via blends having a homogeneous phase morphology and whose components have substantially different cross-link densities.
Language and cognition influence on evolution of cultures
Authors: Perlovsky Leonid 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Evolution of cultures is influenced by languages. To understand this influence the paper analyzes how language and cognition interact in thinking. Is language just used for communication of completed thoughts, or is it fundamental for thinking? We review a hypothesis that language and cognition are two separate but closely interacting mechanisms, and identify each of them. Language accumulates cultural wisdom; cognition develops mental representations modeling surrounding world and adapts cultural knowledge to concrete circumstances of life. Language is acquired from surrounding language ‘ready-made’ and therefore can be acquired early in life. Cognition can not be acquired directly from experience; language is a necessary intermediary, a “teacher.” This model is consistent with recent neuroimaging data about cognition, remaining unnoticed by other theories. The proposed theory explains a number of properties of language and cognition, which previously seemed mysterious. It suggests mechanisms by which language grammars influence emotionality of languages and directs cultural evolution. This theory may explain specifics of English and Arabic cultures. We review theoretical and experimental evidence and discuss future directions
Changes in lower extremity muscle mass and muscle strength after weight loss in obese patients with knee osteoarthritis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Henriksen Marius , Christensen Robin , Danneskiold‐Samsøe Bente , Bliddal Henning 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of low‐energy diet–induced weight loss on lower‐extremity muscle mass and knee muscle strength in obese patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), and the associations of these effects.MethodsWe studied 159 obese patients with knee OA and available data from body composition analysis that had been performed using dual x‐ray absorptiometry scanning and isometric muscle strength testing of the knee in extension and in flexion. The data had been obtained as part of a randomized controlled trial, with measurements performed before and after a supervised low‐energy diet–induced weight loss intervention lasting 16 weeks.ResultsThe patients lost an average of 12.9 kg (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 10.2, 15.7) (13% of baseline weight). The weight loss consisted of 10.9 kg fat mass (95% CI 8.9, 12.9), of which 3.8 kg (95% CI 2.7, 4.9) was leg fat mass. Total lean body mass was reduced by 1.9 kg (95% CI 0.05, 3.8), of which 0.785 kg (95% CI 0.09, 1.476) was leg lean mass. Absolute muscle strength decreased by ∼3–4% after the weight loss, whereas body mass–normalized muscle strength increased by 11–12%. At baseline, leg lean mass was significantly related to muscle strength, but changes in these measurements at followup were not related.ConclusionWeight loss induced by a low‐energy diet led to independent losses of leg muscle tissue and strength. The weight loss was accompanied by increased normalized muscle strength along with improved self‐reported disability and pain—all of which are beneficial to patients with knee OA. The present results suggest that significant weight loss in patients with knee OA should be followed by an exercise regimen to restore or increase muscle mass.
Nonclassical Tunability of Solid‐State CD and CPL Properties of a Chiral 2‐Naphthalenecarboxylic Acid/Amine Supramolecular Organic Fluorophore
Authors: Nishiguchi Noriaki , Kinuta Takafumi , Sato Tomohiro , Nakano Yoko , Tokutome Hayato , Tajima Nobuo , Fujiki Michiya , Kuroda Reiko , Matsubara Yoshio , Imai Yoshitane 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe solid‐state chiral optical properties (circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence) of a 2‐naphthalenecarboxylic acid/amine supramolecular organic fluorophore can be controlled by changing the aryl unit of the chiral 1‐arylethylamine component of the molecule rather than altering the chirality of the 1‐arylethylamine itself.
Impfen – von der Empirie zur Immunologie
Authors: Kling Christiane , Kabelitz Dieter 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEine erfolgreiche Impfung erfordert eine effiziente Immunantwort auf die Vakzine und ein möglichst langanhaltendes immunologisches Gedächtnis. Für die Einleitung der Immunantwort gegen Mikroben spielen Musterkennungsrezeptoren des angeborenen Immunsystems wie beispielsweise die Toll‐like Rezeptoren eine zentrale Rolle; entsprechende Liganden sind auch wirksame Adjuvantien für Impfstoffe. Strategien zur Verbesserung von Impfstoffen bzw. zur künftigen Entwicklung von Impfstoffen gegen bisher “nicht‐impfbare” Infektionserreger beinhalten unter anderem neuartige Antigen‐Präparationen, die Aktivierung von Mustererkennungsrezeptoren durch Adjuvantien sowie neue Applikationswege von Impfstoffen.