bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aufschlussverfahren zur Bestimmung von Metallen in biologischem Material [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2002]
Authors: Schramel P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractVeröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 15. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2002Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:EinleitungGrundsätzlich mögliche AufschlussverfahrenGefäßmaterialien für AufschlüsseGefäßmaterialien für den nassen AufschlussAufschlussreagenzienOxidationsmittelLösungsvermittler und NeutralisationsmittelAufschlusstechnikenVerbrennung mit Sauerstoff im geschlossenen SystemNasser AufschlussDerzeitiger Stand der Technik für AufschlussverfahrenAnhangAusführungsbeispiele
Die Verwendung der Gaschromatographie‐Massenspektrometrie im biologischen Monitoring [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2006]
Authors: Bader M. , Butte W. , Hoppe H.W. , Leng G. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractVeröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 17. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2006Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:Die Verwendung der Gaschromatographie‐Massenspektrometrie im biologischen MonitoringEinleitungMassenspektrometrie in der arbeits‐ und umweltmedizinischen AnalytikPrinzip der Gaschromatographie/MassenspektrometrieBaugruppen des MassenspektrometersZusammenfassung
The use of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) in biological monitoring [Biomonitoring Methods, 2007]
Authors: Müller M. , Völkel W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPublished in the seriesBiomonitoring Methods, Vol. 11 (2007)The article contains sections titled:IntroductionPrinciple of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)Set‐up of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry couplingSample injection or chromatographic systemLC/MS interfacesMass filtersDetectorsAspects of the development and optimisation of methodsGeneral aspectsDevelopment and optimisation of methodsPerspectives
The Applied Cognitive Psychology of Attention: A Step Closer to Understanding Magic Tricks
Authors: Demacheva Irina , Ladouceur Martin , Steinberg Ellis , Pogossova Galina , Raz Amir 
Published: January 2012

SummaryDrawing on psychological science, magic provides a unique perspective on applied cognition. Only sparse systematic research, however, documents the thought processes associated with viewing magic tricks. With responses from over 1000 participants, here, we show how individuals construe a classic magic routine wherein a performer appears to vanish a pen. Thirty‐four percent of participants correctly identified the key moment of the disappearance with only 11% thereof knowing what actions the magician actually performed to achieve the effect. Our collective findings support what magicians have known for a long time: knowing when a critical maneuver occurs hardly reveals the associated modus operandi. In line with a modern theory of attention, we discuss our results and highlight the interaction between the when and where attention modules as a necessary component of applied cognition in ecological settings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of PVDF/PES Blend Membranes for Cold Sterilization of Water and Milk
Authors: Madaeni S. S. , Pourghorbani R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of coagulation bath composition and the concentration of polyethersulfone (PES) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the casting solution and evaporation time on the performance and morphology of polyvinylidenefluoride/polyethersulfone blend membranes. The membranes were prepared via immersion precipitation using polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) as a base polymer, dimethylacetamide as a solvent, acetone as a volatile solvent, and PVP and PES as additives. The flat sheet membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Membrane performance was evaluated by estimating flux and rejection using water and milk as the feed, both containing Escherichia coli bacteria. By introducing 2‐propanol in the coagulation bath, the flux of the prepared membrane was diminished. The addition of PES in the casting solution improved the flux. Introducing PVP affects the hydrophilicity and viscosity of the casting solution. Depending on the concentration of PVP and PES, the overall effect may improve or diminish the membrane flux. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E141–E152, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20278
Mosaic tetrasomy 5p resulting from an isochromosome 5p marker chromosome: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Brock Jo‐Ann K. , Dyack Sarah , Ludman Mark , Dumas Nadine , Gaudet Michele , Morash Barbara 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe report on the fifth case, and oldest reported patient, of an individual affected with mosaic tetrasomy 5p resulting from an isochromosome 5p [i(5)(p10)] marker chromosome. A syndrome of mosaic tetrasomy 5p is defined, and includes the following features seen in the reported cases: developmental delay, seizures, ventriculomegaly (other brain anomalies), small stature/growth delay and mosaic pigmentary skin changes. Other findings include various dysmorphic facial features as well as hand and foot anomalies. This syndrome is likely more common than suggested in the literature, as the clinical presentation can be variable, and the chromosome anomaly is unlikely to be found on routine karyotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The i(5)(p10) marker chromosome is found only as a mosaic anomaly, with levels ranging from 0% to 10% in cultured lymphocytes to 12–85% in cultured skin fibroblasts. Microarray analysis performed on unstimulated lymphocytes from the patient in this report did not detect any evidence of the chromosome abnormality, indicating that this methodology may not be useful as a diagnostic tool in this disorder. Diagnosis of the mosaic tetrasomy 5p syndrome will rely on good clinical assessment, and appropriate cytogenetic studies, including analysis of skin fibroblasts. A child with unexplained developmental delay, seizures, hypotonia, and ventriculomegaly with or without dysmorphic features should be assessed carefully for pigmentary changes of the skin. If a diagnosis of mosaic 5p tetrasomy is suspected, karyotype of cultured fibroblasts in addition to routine cytogenetic analysis, to look for this marker chromosome is warranted. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The behavioral phenotype of Mowat–Wilson syndrome
Authors: Evans Elizabeth , Einfeld Stewart , Mowat David , Taffe John , Tonge Bruce , Wilson Meredith 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMowat–Wilson syndrome (MWS) is caused by a heterozygous mutation or deletion of the ZEB2 gene. It is characterized by a distinctive facial appearance in association with intellectual disability (ID) and variable other features including agenesis of the corpus callosum, seizures, congenital heart defects, microcephaly, short stature, hypotonia, and Hirschsprung disease. The current study investigated the behavioral phenotype of MWS. Parents and carers of 61 individuals with MWS completed the Developmental Behavior Checklist. Data were compared with those for individuals selected from an epidemiological sample of people with ID from other causes. The behaviors associated with MWS included a high rate of oral behaviors, an increased rate of repetitive behaviors, and an under‐reaction to pain. Other aspects of the MWS behavioral phenotype are suggestive of a happy affect and sociable demeanor. Despite this, those with MWS displayed similarly high levels of behavioral problems as those with intellectual disabilities from other causes, with over 30% showing clinically significant levels of behavioral or emotional disturbance. These findings have the potential to expand our knowledge of the role of the ZEB2 gene during neurodevelopment. Furthermore, they are a foundation for informing interventions and management options to enhance the independence and quality of life for persons with MWS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Poly(polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) as novel solid‐solid phase change material for thermal energy storage
Authors: Tang Bingtao , Yang Zhenyu , Zhang Shufen 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPoly(polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) as novel solid–solid phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage was prepared via the facile bulk polymerization of polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 13C‐NMR, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis measurements. Based on the results, it is indicated that the poly (polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) as novel PCM showed solid–solid properties with suitable transition temperature, high transition enthalpy, and good thermal stability, which was apt to crystallize due to the flexibility of long polyether side chain. This novel PCMs have advantages for the potential application in energy storage. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Spinal interleukin‐6 is an amplifier of arthritic pain in the rat
Authors: Vazquez Enrique , Kahlenbach Jan , Segond von Banchet Gisela , König Christian , Schaible Hans‐Georg , Ebersberger Andrea 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveSignificant joint pain is usually widespread beyond the affected joint, which results from the sensitization of nociceptive neurons in the central nervous system (central sensitization). This study was undertaken to explore whether the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in the joint induces central sensitization, whether joint inflammation causes the release of IL‐6 from the spinal cord, and whether spinal IL‐6 contributes to central sensitization.MethodsIn anesthetized rats, electrophysiologic recordings of spinal cord neurons with sensory input from the knee joint were made. Neuronal responses to mechanical stimulation of the rat knee and leg were monitored. IL‐6 and soluble IL‐6 receptor (sIL‐6R) were applied to the knee joint or the spinal cord. Spinal release of IL‐6 was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Soluble gp130, which neutralizes IL‐6/sIL‐6R, was spinally applied during the development of joint inflammation or during established inflammation.ResultsA single injection of IL‐6/sIL‐6R into the rat knee joint as well as application of IL‐6/sIL‐6R to the rat spinal cord significantly increased the responses of spinal neurons to mechanical stimulation of the knee and ankle joint, i.e., induced central sensitization. Application of soluble gp130 to the rat spinal cord attenuated this effect of IL‐6. The development of knee inflammation in the rat caused spinal release of IL‐6. Spinal application of soluble gp130 attenuated the development of inflammation‐evoked central sensitization but did not reverse it.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the generation of joint pain in the rat involves not only IL‐6 in the joint but also IL‐6 released from the spinal cord. Spinal IL‐6 contributes to central sensitization and thus promotes the widespread hyperalgesia observed in the course of joint disease.
Neuroplasticity of sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers in a mouse model of a painful arthritic joint
Authors: Ghilardi Joseph R. , Freeman Katie T. , Jimenez‐Andrade Juan M. , Coughlin Kathleen A. , Kaczmarska Magdalena J. , Castaneda‐Corral Gabriela , Bloom Aaron P. , Kuskowski Michael A. , Mantyh Patrick W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveMany forms of arthritis are accompanied by significant chronic joint pain. This study was undertaken to investigate whether there is significant sprouting of sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers in the painful arthritic knee joint and whether nerve growth factor (NGF) drives this pathologic reorganization.MethodsA painful arthritic knee joint was produced by injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) into the knee joint of young adult mice. CFA‐injected mice were then treated systemically with vehicle or anti‐NGF antibody. Pain behaviors were assessed, and at 28 days following the initial CFA injection, the knee joints were processed for immunohistochemistry analysis using antibodies against calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP; sensory nerve fibers), neurofilament 200 kd (NF200; sensory nerve fibers), growth‐associated protein 43 (GAP‐43; sprouted nerve fibers), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; sympathetic nerve fibers), CD31 (endothelial cells), or CD68 (monocyte/macrophages).ResultsIn CFA‐injected mice, there was a significant increase in the density of CD68+ macrophages, CD31+ blood vessels, and CGRP+, NF200+, GAP‐43+, and TH+ nerve fibers in the synovium, as well as a significant increase in joint pain–related behaviors. None of these findings were observed in sham‐injected mice. Administration of anti‐NGF reduced these pain‐related behaviors and the ectopic sprouting of nerve fibers, but had no significant effect on the increase in density of CD31+ blood vessels or CD68+ macrophages.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that ectopic sprouting of sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers occurs in the painful arthritic joint and may be involved in the generation and maintenance of arthritic pain.
Electrospun Hierarchical LiV3O8 Nanofibers Assembled from Nanosheets with Exposed {100} Facets and their Enhanced Performance in Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liang Lin , Zhou Min , Xie Yi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHierarchical LiV3O8 nanofibers, assembled from nanosheets that have exposed {100} facets, have been fabricated by using electrospinning combined with calcination. The formation mechanism of hierarchical nanofibers was investigated by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) played a dual role in the formation of the nanofibers: besides acting as the template for forming the fibers, it effectively prevented the aggregation of LiV3O8 nanoparticles, thereby allowing them to grow into small nanosheets with exposed {100} facets owing to the self‐limitation property of LiV3O8. This nanostructure is beneficial for the insertion/extraction of lithium ions. Meanwhile, the {100} facets have fewer and smaller channels, which may effectively alleviate proton co‐intercalation into the electrode materials. Hence, the hierarchical LiV3O8 nanofibers exhibit higher discharge capacities and better cycling stabilities as the anode electrode material for aqueous lithium‐ion batteries than those reported previously. We demonstrate that these hierarchical nanofibers have promising potential applications in aqueous lithium‐ion batteries.
Ditopic Receptors based on Lower‐ and Upper‐Rim Substituted Hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arenes: Cation‐Controlled Hydrogen Bonding of Anion
Authors: Ni Xin‐Long , Tahara Jun , Rahman Shofiur , Zeng Xi , Hughes David L. , Redshaw Carl , Yamato Takehiko 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHeteroditopic hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arene receptors that are capable of binding an anion and a cation simultaneously in a cooperative fashion were synthesized. The structure of one of the triamide derivatives was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The binding of alkali metals at the lower rim, and the binding of anions (chloride, bromide) at the upper rim, has been investigated by using 1H NMR titration experiments. Alkali metal binding at the lower rim controls the calix cavity. Li+‐ion binding to the lower rim can improve the binding ability of anions at the upper rim amide moiety by a factor of 15, thus suggesting a strong positive allosteric effect for anion recognition. However, when a Na+ cation is bound to the ionophoric site on the lower rim, the calix cavity is changed from a “flattened cone” to a more‐upright form, which is favored for intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the neighboring NH and CO groups; this change can block the inclusion of anions onto the amide moiety at the upper rim, which strongly suggests a negative allosteric effect of Na+‐ion binding, which controls the cooperative recognition system.
Abnormal WT1 expression in human fetuses with bilateral renal agenesis and cardiac malformations
Authors: Loo Christine K.C. , Pereira Tamara N. , Ramm Grant A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Bilateral renal agenesis has multiple etiologies. Animal models have provided useful information on possible causes of this condition, but its etiology in humans is less clear. We recently described autopsy findings of two human fetuses with bilateral renal agenesis and abnormal expression of WT1 (Wilms tumor 1) in liver mesothelium. METHODS: We have identified 14 additional fetuses with bilateral renal agenesis from autopsies performed in our institution over the past 10 years and subjected archival liver biopsy specimens from these cases to immunohistochemistry for WT1, as well as α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and desmin to assess liver mesenchymal abnormalities. RESULTS: Six of seven fetuses with combined bilateral renal agenesis and cardiac anomalies showed abnormalities of WT1 expression in liver mesothelial cells, which was not seen in other fetuses with bilateral renal agenesis. Except in one case, the fetuses with renal agenesis and cardiac defects also showed liver mesenchymal anomalies (assessed by increased α‐SMA expression), which was not present in other renal agenesis fetuses. CONCLUSIONS: WT1 is widely expressed in mesothelial cells during development, and we hypothesized that some of the defects are caused by abnormal function of mesenchyme derived from mesothelial cells, similar to the mesothelium‐derived defects proposed in animal models. The methods we used are available to many laboratories and can be applied to archival paraffin tissue blocks. We suggest that future similar studies could help to expand the understanding of renal agenesis in humans and could help to subclassify this condition. This would be useful in patient management and counseling. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Periconceptional folic acid use: Still room to improve
Authors: Zetstra‐van der Woude Priscilla A. , de Walle Hermien E.K. , de Jong‐van den Berg Lolkje T.W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Folic acid use before and during pregnancy prevents neural tube defects. Since 1995, six surveys have been carried out among pregnant women to measure their knowledge and use of folic acid. The results of the most recent survey in 2009 will be discussed and compared with earlier surveys.: METHODS: Pregnant women in the Northern Netherlands were asked to fill out a questionnaire when visiting their midwife or gynecologist.: RESULTS: Of the 515 participating women, 87.0% knew of folic acid before they became pregnant. Of all respondents, 51.6% reported to have used folic acid during the entire recommended period. Multivariate analysis showed that planned pregnancy (odds ratio [OR], 7.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4–20.7), smoking (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1–0.7), folic acid use during a former pregnancy (OR, 22.6; 95% CI, 5.5–92.8) and the number of previous children (per child OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3–0.9) were predicting factors for the recommended use of folic acid; 89.9% of women were sufficiently knowledgeable to start to use folic acid before pregnancy.: CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge about folic acid has declined over recent years, and the use during the recommended period did not improve since the survey of 2005. Based on this survey, there is still room for improvement in the knowledge and actual use of folic acid before pregnancy. Attention to these aspects should focus on younger, low‐educated women and should include information about family planning and contraceptives. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factor mediated gene priming in pluripotent stem cells sets the stage for lineage specification
Authors: Dillon Niall 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPriming of lineage‐specific genes in pluripotent embryonic stem cells facilitates rapid and coordinated activation of transcriptional programmes during differentiation. There is growing evidence that pluripotency factors play key roles in priming tissue‐specific genes and in the earliest stages of lineage commitment. As differentiation progresses, pluripotency factors are replaced at some primed genes by related lineage‐specific factors that bind to the same sequences and maintain epigenetic priming until the gene is activated. Polycomb and trithorax group proteins bind many genes in pluripotent cells generating bivalent domains that contain both active and repressive histone modifications. The properties of polycomb proteins suggest that they act as gatekeepers, helping to maintain silencing in pluripotent stem cells while establishing a chromatin environment that is permissive for priming by sequence‐specific factors. The overall effect of factor‐mediated priming is to initiate the input of information required for cell differentiation before the first lineage choices have been made.
Red algal parasites: Models for a life history evolution that leaves photosynthesis behind again and again
Authors: Blouin Nicolas A. , Lane Christopher E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMany of the most virulent and problematic eukaryotic pathogens have evolved from photosynthetic ancestors, such as apicomplexans, which are responsible for a wide range of diseases including malaria and toxoplasmosis. The primary barrier to understanding the early stages of evolution of these parasites has been the difficulty in finding parasites with closely related free‐living lineages with which to make comparisons. Parasites found throughout the florideophyte red algal lineage, however, provide a unique and powerful model to investigate the genetic origins of a parasitic lifestyle. This is because they share a recent common ancestor with an extant free‐living red algal species and parasitism has independently arisen over 100 times within this group. Here, we synthesize the relevant hypotheses with respect to how these parasites have proliferated. We also place red algal research in the context of recent developments in understanding the genome evolution of other eukaryotic photosynthesizers turned parasites.
Postoperative adhesion prevention using a statin-containing cellulose film in an experimental model
Authors: Lalountas M , Ballas K D , Michalakis A , Psarras K , Asteriou C , Giakoustidis D E , Nikolaidou C , Venizelos I , Pavlidis T E , Sakantamis A K 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Intraperitoneal adhesions are a common problem in abdominal surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Statofilm, a novel antiadhesive film based on cross-linked carboxymethylcellulose and atorvastatin, with that of sodium hyaluronate–carboxymethylcellulose (Seprafilm®) in the prevention of postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions in rats.

Methods
One hundred male Wistar rats underwent a laparotomy and adhesions were induced by caecal abrasion. The animals were allocated to five groups: a control group with no adhesion barrier, Seprafilm® group, placebo group with a film containing carboxymethylcellulose without atorvastatin, and low- and high-dose groups with films containing carboxymethylcellulose and atorvastatin 0·125 and 1 mg per kg bodyweight respectively. Adhesions were classified by two independent surgeons 2 weeks after surgery. Caecal biopsies were obtained for histological evaluation of fibrosis, inflammation and vascular proliferation.

Results
All antiadhesive film groups (Seprafilm®, placebo, low-dose and high-dose) had statistically significant adhesion reduction compared with the control group (P &lt; 0·001, P = 0·015, P &lt; 0·001 and P &lt; 0·001 respectively). The low-dose Statofilm was superior to Seprafilm® in terms of adhesion prevention (P = 0·001). Adhesions were present in three-quarters of rats in the Seprafilm® group, but only one-quarter in the low-dose Statofilm group.

Conclusion
The data suggest that the newly developed adhesion barrier Statofilm has better results than Seprafilm® in preventing postoperative adhesions in rats. A low-dose atorvastatin-containing film, such as Statofilm, could be evaluated for future clinical application.