bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The electronic spectrum of AgBr2: Ab initio benchmark calculations on the 2Πu and 2Σu+ charge transfer states including spin‐orbit effects
Authors: Ramírez‐Solís A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe 2Πu and 2Σu+ charge transfer (CT) states of AgBr2 have been studied through benchmark ab initio HF, complete active space SCF, CASPT2, NEVPT2, and averaged coupled pair functional (ACPF) multireference calculations using especially developed valence basis sets to study the transition energies, geometries, vibrational frequencies, and Mulliken charges. The spin‐orbit (SO) effects have been included through the effective Hamiltonian formalism using the ACPF energies as |ΛSΣ> diagonal elements. The equilibrium Ag–Br distance for both CT states is larger than that of the X2Πg ground state. The ACPF adiabatic excitation energies of the 2Πu and 2Σu+ states are 4620 and 7006 cm‐1, respectively. Using previous ACPF benchmark studies showing that the 2Δg ligand field (LF) state lies more than 20,000 cm‐1 above the ground state, these new results lead to the following energetic ordering for the five lowest electronic states of AgBr2: X2Πg, 2Σg+, 2Πu, 2Σu+, and 2Δg, in sharp contradiction with Hartree–Fock theory. When considering the coupling of the LF and CT states, the inclusion of the SO effects leads to a pure Ω = 3/2 (X2Πg) ground state, Ω = 1/2 (92% 2Πg + 8% 2Σg+) A state, Ω = 3/2 (pure 2Πu) B state, Ω = 1/2 (68% 2Πu+32% 2Σu+) C state, Ω = 1/2 (8% 2Πg + 92% 2Σg+) D state, and an Ω = 1/2 (32% 2Πu + 68% 2Σu+) E state. We present here what we consider the most complete and accurate account of the electronic spectrum of AgBr2. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High Basal γH2AX Levels Sustain Self-Renewal of Mouse Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Turinetto Valentina , Orlando Luca , Sanchez-Ripoll Yolanda , Kumpfmueller Benjamin , Storm Michael P. , Porcedda Paola , Minieri Valentina , Saviozzi Silvia , Accomasso Lisa , Cibrario Rocchietti Elisa , Moorwood Kim , Circosta Paola , Cignetti Alessandro , Welham Melanie J. , Giachino Claudia 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γH2AX) is known to be the earliest indicator of DNA double-strand breaks. Recently, it has been shown that mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) have very high basal levels of γH2AX, even when they have not been exposed to genotoxic agents. As the specialized role of high basal γH2AX levels in pluripotent stem cells is still debated, we investigated whether H2AX phosphorylation is important in maintaining self-renewal of these cells. Here, we report that not only mESCs but also mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs), have high basal levels of γH2AX. We show that basal γH2AX levels decrease upon ESC and iPSC differentiation and increase when the cells are treated with self-renewal-enhancing small molecules. We observe that self-renewal activity is highly compromised in H2AX−/− cells and that it can be restored in these cells through reconstitution with a wild-type, but not a phospho-mutated, H2AX construct. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel function of H2AX that expands the knowledge of this histone variant beyond its role in DNA damage and into a new specialized biological function in mouse pluripotent stem cells.
Neuronal Properties, In Vivo Effects, and Pathology of a Huntington's Disease Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Jeon Iksoo , Lee Nayeon , Li Jia-Yi , Park In-Hyun , Park Kyoung Sun , Moon Jisook , Shim Sung Han , Choi Chunggab , Chang Da-Jeong , Kwon Jihye , Oh Seung-Hun , Shin Dong Ah , Kim Hyun Sook , Do Jeong Tae , Lee Dong Ryul , Kim Manho , Kang Kyung-Sun , Daley George Q. , Brundin Patrik , Song Jihwan 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from somatic cells of patients can be used to model different human diseases. They may also serve as sources of transplantable cells that can be used in novel cell therapies. Here, we analyzed neuronal properties of an iPSC line derived from a patient with a juvenile form of Huntington's disease (HD) carrying 72 CAG repeats (HD-iPSC). Although its initial neural inducing activity was lower than that of human embryonic stem cells, we found that HD-iPSC can give rise to GABAergic striatal neurons, the neuronal cell type that is most susceptible to degeneration in HD. We then transplanted HD-iPSC-derived neural precursors into a rat model of HD with a unilateral excitotoxic striatal lesion and observed a significant behavioral recovery in the grafted rats. Interestingly, during our in vitro culture and when the grafts were examined at 12 weeks after transplantation, no aggregate formation was detected. However, when the culture was treated with a proteasome inhibitor (MG132) or when the cells engrafted into neonatal brains were analyzed at 33 weeks, there were clear signs of HD pathology. Taken together, these results indicate that, although HD-iPSC carrying 72 CAG repeats can form GABAergic neurons and give rise to functional effects in vivo, without showing an overt HD phenotype, it is highly susceptible to proteasome inhibition and develops HD pathology at later stages of transplantation. These unique features of HD-iPSC will serve as useful tools to study HD pathology and develop novel therapeutics.
Thomas Hughes's temperature record for Stroud, 1775–1795
Authors: Rowntree Peter R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOutdoor temperature data for England needed for assessing climate change are increasingly available from about 1770 onwards. However, most series of observations suffer from problems such as breaks in the data lasting months to years and discontinuities due to changes in instrument and/or exposure. The morning observations by Thomas Hughes at Stroud in Gloucestershire from 1775 to 1795 are thus of considerable potential value, although there are problems with missing data and variable observation times. Adjustments both to estimate for missing data and to align to a fixed time of 0700 local time have been applied to create monthly averages.
Dynamic control of a reconfigurable stair-climbing mobility system
Authors: Morales R. , Somolinos J. , Cerrada J. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYElectric-powered wheelchairs improve the mobility of people with physical disabilities, but the problem to deal with certain architectural barriers has not been resolved satisfactorily. In order to solve this problem, a stair-climbing mobility system (SCMS) was developed. This paper presents a practical dynamic control system that allows the SCMS to exhibit a successful climbing process when faced with typical architectural barriers such as curbs, ramps, or staircases. The implemented control system depicts high simplicity, computational efficiency, and the possibility of an easy implementation in a microprocessor-/microcontroller-based system. Finally, experiments are included to support theoretical results.
Alerting Network Dysfunction in Early Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Crivelli Lucía , Farez Mauricio F. , González Claudio D. , Fiol Marcela , Amengual Alejandra , Leiguarda Ramón , Correale Jorge 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study is to assess attention in recently diagnosed relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Twenty-seven patients with early multiple sclerosis and low clinical disability scores (EDSS<2) and 27 sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls underwent attention assessment using the Attentional Network Test, a computerized task designed to measure efficiency independently in 3 attentional networks (Alerting, Orienting and Executive Control). MS patients had significantly less efficiency in the Alerting network (p = .006). In contrast, in the Orienting and Executive Control networks, they did not differ from controls. A significant interaction between Alerting and Executive Control was also found in the MS patients (p = .007). Early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis particularly affects the Alerting domain of attention, whereas the Orienting and Executive Control domains are not affected. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–7)
A low-cost millimeter-wave whispering gallery-mode-based sensor: design considerations and accurate analysis
Authors: Taeb Aidin , Neshat Mohammad , Gigoyan Suren , Safavi-Naeini Safieddin 
Published: May 2012

A dielectric waveguide-based structure coupled to a whispering gallery mode (WGM) disc resonator is introduced as a low-cost integrable millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bio-sensor. An efficient variational analysis method is developed and applied to the WGM. Three sets of sensors, operating in different ranges of frequency from 85 to 220 GHz, are fabricated and tested. The performance of the fabricated bio-sensor is demonstrated for sensing different concentrations of glucose solution samples at D-band. Also, the sensitivity, selectivity, and repeatability of these sensors are examined.
Wave activity in the tropical tropopause layer in seven reanalysis and four chemistry climate model data sets
Authors: Fujiwara M. , Suzuki J. , Gettelman A. , Hegglin M. I. , Akiyoshi H. , Shibata K. 
Published: May 2012

Sub‐seasonal variability including equatorial waves significantly influence the dehydration and transport processes in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). This study investigates the wave activity in the TTL in 7 reanalysis data sets (RAs; NCEP1, NCEP2, ERA40, ERA‐Interim, JRA25, MERRA, and CFSR) and 4 chemistry climate models (CCMs; CCSRNIES, CMAM, MRI, and WACCM) using the zonal wave number‐frequency spectral analysis method with equatorially symmetric‐antisymmetric decomposition. Analyses are made for temperature and horizontal winds at 100 hPa in the RAs and CCMs and for outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), which is a proxy for convective activity that generates tropopause‐level disturbances, in satellite data and the CCMs. Particular focus is placed on equatorial Kelvin waves, mixed Rossby‐gravity (MRG) waves, and the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). The wave activity is defined as the variance, i.e., the power spectral density integrated in a particular zonal wave number‐frequency region. It is found that the TTL wave activities show significant difference among the RAs, ranging from ∼0.7 (for NCEP1 and NCEP2) to ∼1.4 (for ERA‐Interim, MERRA, and CFSR) with respect to the averages from the RAs. The TTL activities in the CCMs lie generally within the range of those in the RAs, with a few exceptions. However, the spectral features in OLR for all the CCMs are very different from those in the observations, and the OLR wave activities are too low for CCSRNIES, CMAM, and MRI. It is concluded that the broad range of wave activity found in the different RAs decreases our confidence in their validity and in particular their value for validation of CCM performance in the TTL, thereby limiting our quantitative understanding of the dehydration and transport processes in the TTL.
Increased rectal microbial richness is associated with the presence of colorectal adenomas in humans
Authors: Sanapareddy Nina , Legge Ryan M , Jovov Biljana , McCoy Amber , Burcal Lauren , Araujo-Perez Felix , Randall Thomas A , Galanko Joseph , Benson Andrew , Sandler Robert S , Rawls John F , Abdo Zaid , Fodor Anthony A , Keku Temitope O 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDifferences in the composition of the gut microbial community have been associated with diseases such as obesity, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer (CRC). We used 454 titanium pyrosequencing of the V1–V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize adherent bacterial communities in mucosal biopsy samples from 33 subjects with adenomas and 38 subjects without adenomas (controls). Biopsy samples from subjects with adenomas had greater numbers of bacteria from 87 taxa than controls; only 5 taxa were more abundant in control samples. The magnitude of the differences in the distal gut microbiota between patients with adenomas and controls was more pronounced than that of any other clinical parameters including obesity, diet or family history of CRC. This suggests that sequence analysis of the microbiota could be used to identify patients at risk for developing adenomas.
Interaction of diabetes and ACE2 in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in experimental diabetes
Authors: Tikellis Chris , Pickering Raelene , Tsorotes Despina , Du Xiao-Jun , Kiriazis Helen , Nguyen-Huu Thu-Phuc , Head Geoffrey A. , Cooper Mark E. , Thomas Merlin C. 
Published: May 2012

Local and systemic AngII (angiotensin II) levels are regulated by ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), which is reduced in diabetic tissues. In the present study, we examine the effect of ACE2 deficiency on the early cardiac and vascular changes associated with experimental diabetes. Streptozotocin diabetes was induced in male C57BL6 mice and Ace2-KO (knockout) mice, and markers of RAS (renin–angiotensin system) activity, cardiac function and injury were assessed after 10 weeks. In a second protocol, diabetes was induced in male ApoE (apolipoprotein E)-KO mice and ApoE/Ace2-double-KO mice, and plaque accumulation and markers of atherogenesis assessed after 20 weeks. The induction of diabetes in wild-type mice led to reduced ACE2 expression and activity in the heart, elevated circulating AngII levels and reduced cardiac Ang-(1–7) [angiotensin-(1–7)] levels. This was associated structurally with thinning of the LV (left ventricular) wall and mild ventricular dilatation, and histologically with increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis on TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling) staining and compensatory hypertrophy denoted by an increased cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. By contrast Ace2-KO mice failed to increase circulating AngII concentration, experienced a paradoxical fall in cardiac AngII levels and no change in Ang-(1–7) following the onset of diabetes. At the same time the major phenotypic differences between Ace2-deficient and Ace2-replete mice with respect to BP (blood pressure) and cardiac hypertrophy were eliminated following the induction of diabetes. Consistent with findings in the heart, the accelerated atherosclerosis that was observed in diabetic ApoE-KO mice was not seen in diabetic ApoE/Ace2-KO mice, which experienced no further increase in plaque accumulation or expression in key adhesion molecules beyond that seen in ApoE/Ace2-KO mice. These results point to the potential role of ACE2 deficiency in regulating the tissue and circulating levels of AngII and their sequelae in the context of diabetes, as well as the preservation or augmentation of ACE2 expression or activity as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of CVD (cardiovascular disease) in diabetes.
Early Hearing Detection and Intervention: Parent Experiences With the Diagnostic Hearing Assessment
Authors: Larsen Rebecca , Muñoz Karen , DesGeorges Janet , Nelson Lauri , Kennedy Sara 
Published: May 2012

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate parent experiences with the infant diagnostic hearing evaluation process.

Method
This study used a cross-sectional survey design. Surveys were distributed via parent support organizations in December 2009 to parents of children with hearing loss. A total of 416 completed surveys were received from 43 states.

Results
The median age of diagnosis of hearing loss has decreased over time from 11 months of age to 2 months. For babies born between 2006 and 2009, the most frequently reported challenge to obtaining a diagnostic hearing evaluation by 3 months of age was a delay in appointment availability (36%). Just >¼ (27%) of parents reported that they did not feel comfortable in knowing what they needed to do next after talking with the audiologist at the time their child was diagnosed with hearing loss.

Conclusion
Significant progress has been made over the past 2 decades in reducing the age of hearing loss identification. However, many parents in this study experienced challenges that resulted in delays that exceeded Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (2007) recommendations of diagnosis by 3 months of age. The parent-reported experiences provide valuable information about areas that need further investigation to improve the early hearing detection and intervention process for children with hearing loss.
Flexure-FET biosensor to break the fundamental sensitivity limits of nanobiosensors using nonlinear electromechanical coupling
Authors: Jain Ankit , Nair Pradeep R. , Alam Muhammad A. 
Published: May 2012

In this article, we propose a Flexure-FET (flexure sensitive field effect transistor) ultrasensitive biosensor that utilizes the nonlinear electromechanical coupling to overcome the
fundamental
sensitivity limits of classical electrical or mechanical nanoscale biosensors. The stiffness of the suspended gate of Flexure-FET changes with the capture of the target biomolecules, and the corresponding change in the gate shape or deflection is reflected in the drain current of FET. The Flexure-FET is configured to operate such that the gate is biased near pull-in instability, and the FET-channel is biased in the subthreshold regime. In this coupled nonlinear operating mode, the sensitivity (
S
) of Flexure-FET with respect to the captured molecule density (
N

s

) is shown to be
exponentially
higher than that of any other electrical or mechanical biosensor. In other words, while

, classical electrical or mechanical biosensors are limited to
S
classical
∼
γ
3
N

S

or
γ
4
ln(
N

S

), where
γ

i

are sensor-specific constants. In addition, the proposed sensor can detect both charged and charge-neutral biomolecules, without requiring a reference electrode or any sophisticated instrumentation, making it a potential candidate for various low-cost, point-of-care applications.
Habitat Suitability Modeling to Evaluate Conservation and Enhancement Efforts for Gulf‐Strain Striped Bass in Mississippi Coastal Rivers
Authors: Dieterich Jay W. , Fulford Richard S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractConservation of native populations such as Gulf‐strain striped bass Morone saxatilis is a priority for preserving historic fisheries and maintaining biodiversity. Habitat alteration is thought to be the primary driver of native striped bass decline in Mississippi coastal rivers, so it is a priority to understand current habitat suitability as part of a comprehensive restoration plan. A bioenergetics model is a useful tool to examine habitat suitability by using growth rate potential as an indicator of habitat quality. The purpose of this study was to develop a habitat suitability model for Gulf‐strain striped bass that incorporates seasonal and spatial variability in temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen in an index river system along the Gulf of Mexico coast, Mississippi. Environmental data collected with a stratified‐random survey during fall, winter, spring, and summer of 2008–2009 were incorporated into a spatially explicit bioenergetics model. Model‐predicted growth rates were analyzed by season and salinity zone in a geographical information system framework. Model results suggested that growth rate patterns significantly differed spatially and between summer and the other seasons. Habitat suitability is greatly reduced during summer and concentrated in specific parts of the river system, suggesting the existence of habitat hot spots that are potentially important to population viability. Gulf‐strain striped bass appear to be nonmigratory; therefore, high summer temperatures in the river system make upper thermal tolerance the most important factor limiting summer distributions and growth of these fish. Additional laboratory studies on Gulf‐strain striped bass’ environmental tolerances and habitat use are needed. Nonetheless, this study demonstrates the value of habitat suitability assessment as a tool for fish conservation planning.
Influence of Milk, Corn Starch, and Baking Conditions on the Starch Digestibility, Gelatinization, and Fracture Stress of Biscuits
Authors: Conforti Paula A. , Yamul Diego K. , Lupano Cecilia E. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTDough for nontraditional semisweet biscuits—prepared with wheat flour or replacing part of the wheat flour with corn starch, with or without skim milk—was baked at two oven temperatures, 120 or 170°C, until reaching moisture content and water activity lower than 6% and 0.5, respectively. Assays of fracture stress, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, and starch digestibility were performed. Results showed that biscuits containing milk had the highest fracture stress, and biscuits baked at low temperature were harder than biscuits baked at high temperature. The degree of starch gelatinization during baking was higher when dough was baked at 170°C, compared with dough baked at 120°C. The decrease in gelatinization coincides with the decrease in the height and surface of peaks at 15 and 23° in the X‐ray diffraction patterns. Milk and corn starch did not affect the starch digestibility of biscuits, but biscuits baked at 170°C presented lower fracture stress and higher starch digestibility than biscuits baked at 120°C.
A review of rainwater harvesting in the UK
Authors: Fewkes Alan 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the technology, design and application of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems in a UK context and identify areas of research and development.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive range of literature from 1978‐2010 is reviewed and divided into the following sections: history, application in developed countries, benefits of RWH, system categories and components, storage capacity, rainwater quality and factors influencing the use of RWH systems.FindingsThis paper provides a useful source of information relating to the potential benefits of RWH systems, different types of system and components used to supply non potable water. To ensure the potential of RWH systems in the UK is realized, an integrated approach to their application is required. This may improve the financial viability of these systems and sustainability credentials but requires further research.Research limitations/implicationsIt is not an exhaustive list of publications but attempts to draw on major sources of literature which catalogue the development and design of RWH systems. Current sources of literature are also identified which identify various factors influencing the future development and application of rainwater systems.Practical implicationsThe paper provides practitioners with an initial basis for evaluating or undertaking the initial design of RWH systems.Originality/valueThe study provides historical context for the recent and ongoing development of RWH. In particular areas of further research and development are identified to ensure the potential of RWH systems are realized in the future.