bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Seed Composition of Arabidopsis Mutants for the Group 3 Sulfate Transporters Indicates a Role in Sulfate Translocation within Developing Seeds
Authors: Zuber Hélène , Davidian Jean-Claude , Aubert Grégoire , Aimé Delphine , Belghazi Maya , Lugan Raphaël , Heintz Dimitri , Wirtz Markus , Hell Rüdiger , Thompson Richard , Gallardo Karine 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Sulfate is required for the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids and numerous other compounds essential for the plant life cycle. The delivery of sulfate to seeds and its translocation between seed tissues is likely to require specific transporters. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the group 3 plasmalemma-predicted sulfate transporters (SULTR3) comprise five genes, all expressed in developing seeds, especially in the tissues surrounding the embryo. Here, we show that sulfur supply to seeds is unaffected by T-DNA insertions in the SULTR3 genes. However, remarkably, an increased accumulation of sulfate was found in mature seeds of four mutants out of five. In these mutant seeds, the ratio of sulfur in sulfate form versus total sulfur was significantly increased, accompanied by a reduction in free cysteine content, which varied depending on the gene inactivated. These results demonstrate a reduced capacity of the mutant seeds to metabolize sulfate and suggest that these transporters may be involved in sulfate translocation between seed compartments. This was further supported by sulfate measurements of the envelopes separated from the embryo of the sultr3;2 mutant seeds, which showed differences in sulfate partitioning compared with the wild type. A dissection of the seed proteome of the sultr3 mutants revealed protein changes characteristic of a sulfur-stress response, supporting a role for these transporters in providing sulfate to the embryo. The mutants were affected in 12S globulin accumulation, demonstrating the importance of intraseed sulfate transport for the synthesis and maturation of embryo proteins. Metabolic adjustments were also revealed, some of which could release sulfur from glucosinolates.
FS14.2 Photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen in Southern Sweden
Authors: Hindsén Monica , Zimerson E , Bruze M 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  In Sweden ketoprofen has been available for topical applications since 1995. Photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen has been reported since almost 20 years. Photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen‐containing topical treatment usually includes severe eczematous reactions. Ketoprofen is an NSAID derived from propionic acid. Ketoprofen, fenofibrate and benzophenones are structurally similar.Methods:  Photopatch testing and patch testing with 2 standard series, the ketoprofen‐containing gels and their ingredients, fenofibrate and benzophenones.Results:  During the last year 35 patients have been photopatch tested with ketoprofen with very strong photopatch test reactions. 26 patients also had positive reactions to fentichlor.27 of the ketoprofen – photoallergic patients had also been photopatch tested with fenofibrate, 17 had positive reactions. 21 had positive reactions to balsam of Peru and 13 to fragrance mix.Conclusion:  Ketoprofen is a strong photosensitizer.
FS14.3 Interleukins in patch‐test blisters for the detection of contact allergy
Authors: Sigurdardottir Margret S , Sigmundsdottir H , Valdimarsson H , Bjarnason B 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  To investigate whether interleukins in blisters formed at patch‐test sites can be used as markers of the grade of contact allergy.Methods:  Recently patch‐tested volunteers with and without allergy to nickel sulfate were retested with 5 nickel sulfate patch tests and 5 control tests. 48 hours later, the test were removed and the perfusion of the test sites was assessed with a laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) technique. Then, suction blisters were made at the test sites. Blister fluids were collected separately from the allergen test sites and the control‐test sites.Results:  The patch‐test results prior to the study and in current study, and the results with the LDPI helped to distinguish between subjects with and without allergy to nickel sulfate. The concentration of one of the interleukins was high in the blister fluid from the nickel‐test sites in all of the allergic subjects while the concentration was not detectable or low in fluid from the control sites and in fluid both from the nickel and the control sites in subjects without nickel allergy.Conclusion:  Immunological factors in fluid from blisters at patch‐test sites may be important for the detection of contact allergy.Acknowledgement:  Icelandic Research Council.
FS14.4 Gold trichloride as a marker of contact allergy to gold.
Authors: Möller Halvor , Ahnlide I , Gruvberger B , Bruze M 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  To study the usefulness of a trivalent gold salt, gold trichloride (GTC), as a marker for contact allergy to gold. Method: Patients patch test positive or negative to gold sodium thiosulfate (GSTS), 13 subjects of each, were patch‐tested with dilution series of GTC and equimolar concentrations of GSTS; each series started at 0.03 mM and contained 5 steps. In order to avoid false positive and false negative test reactions the salts were dissolved in an alkaline buffer and placed on van der Bend® polypropene chambers. The tests were applied for 48 h; reading was blinded and performed on D3 and D7.Results:  Allergic reactions were observed in 9/13 gold‐allergic patients with GSTS and in 2/13 with GTC. The sum of positive reactions was 18 with GSTS and 5 with GTC. Primary toxic reactions: 0 with GSTS and 2 with GTC among the gold‐allergic patients; and 2 with GSTS and 1 with GTC among the controls.Conclusion:  GTC can elicit positive patch test reactions in patients with gold allergy but to a lesser degree than GSTS. GTC cannot be recommended for patch testing.
Fragrance allergy: a chemical perspective for dermatologists
Authors: Lepoittevin Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2010

Sensitivity to fragrance ingredients is acknowledged as a common and clinically important problem in Europe.Aims of the project: The “fragrance chemical allergy” project (QLK4‐CT‐1999‐01558) funded by the European Commission under the Quality of Life programme was to increase the safety standard of fragrance compounds and provide more transparency in the data available, and to develop prevention of fragrance chemical allergy in non sensitised (primary prevention) and in already sensitised (secondary prevention) individuals.Primary prevention: A strategy for the rapid identification of sensitizers in complex mixture has been developed and 2 major sensitizers of oak moss, namely atranol and chloroatranol have been identified. Oxidation products, formed during storage and handling of common terpenes, have been shown to be involved in the sensitizing potential of fragrances. Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationships have been developed for 2 classes of aldehydes often present as perfume ingredients. Major fragrance allergens relevant to hand eczema have been identified.Secondary prevention: A new fragrance mix “FMII” has been developed as a diagnostic tool for patients allergic to fragrances. An elicitation thresholds methodology has been established and validated with some important new sensitizers. The substitution strategy of sensitizing fragrance chemicals by analogues has been studied in the case of isoeugenol and demonstrated to be non relevant to consumer safety.Expected applications of results: Data generated by this project will be used as basis for decisions to improve consumer safety such as product labelling of the most frequent sensitizing materials, making guidelines for the evaluation of safe concentration limits, making rules of handling and best‐before‐date and banning of the most sensitizing compounds in consumer products.Participants: University Strasbourg (F), NIWL Stockholm (S), Unilever SEAC (UK), University Copenhagen (DK), University Witten/Herdecke (D), King’s College London (UK), NERI Roskilde (DK), University Odense (DK), University Malmö(S), University Leuven (B).
P01 Contact dermatitis from textile colours in three Spanish towns
Authors: Garcia‐Bravo Begoña , Fernandez‐Redondo V , Sanchez‐Pedreño P 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  Prevalence of textile dye contact dermatitis (TD‐CD) are lacking in many countries. Our aim is to know the frequency of TD‐CD in three different areas of Spain.Methods:  100 patients were tested with Spanish standard series and the five most frequent TD in each city. D. Orange 1, D. Orange 3, D. Blue 35, D. Blue 106, D. Blue 124 were included in Murcia and Seville, and the three last and D. Red 1, D. Red 17 in Santiago.Results:  23/300 (15 women and 8 men) were positives to one or more TD. D. Blue 124 was the most frequent allergen (18/300), followed by D. Blue 106 (17/300). D. Red 1, D. Red 17 and D. Orange 1 were positives in 2/200. D. Orange 3 and D. Blue 35 were positives in 1/200. Eczema was located on hands in 13 cases. Clinical picture was variable. Origin of sensitization was clothing and occupational. Relevance was obtained in 20/23 cases.Conclusions:  The study confirm an high frequency of disperse dye allergy in Spain with a very different prevalence in the three areas: Seville 14%, Murcia 5% and Santiago 4%, that are probably due to social and cultural factors. We recommend the inclusion of D. Blue 106, D. Blue 124, D. Blue 35, D. Red 1, D. Red 17, D. Orange 1 and D. Orange 3 in standard series in order to detect sensitivity to textile colours that is most frequent than previously suspected.
P03 Type‐I and ‐IV hypersensitivity to platinum salts
Authors: Kamphof Willeke , Rustemeyer T , Bruynzeel D 
Published: August 2010

A 28‐year‐old female analytical chemist visited our patch test clinic with initially complaints of severe hand dermatitis. Later on she developed rhinitis, bronchial asthma and tightness of the chest. The complaints seemed work related: her condition improved during holidays and on sick leaves. She worked in a laboratory with several platinum salts and used different kinds of gloves (latex, nitril, etc.).Methods:  Patch tests were performed with the European Standard series and prick tests with common inhalant allergens. Patch‐, prick‐ and open patch tests were carried out with various aqueous dilutions of platinum chloride (PtCl2).Results:  Patch tests with 0.01–2% PtCl2 were positive on day 2, 3 and 6, and at 0.001% a follicular reaction was found. The prick‐test was already positive at the lowest concentration tested (0.001%). The open patch test, carried out retro‐auricular, showed a positive reaction at 1 and 2% PtCl2 after 20 min. Controls in healthy volunteers (n = 5) were all negative.Discussion:  It is well known that platinum salts can cause type‐I hypersensitivity reactions like allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma and urticaria, also referred to as platinosis. Contact dermatitis to platinum salts, however, is very rare. In our patch test clinic, 78 patients were tested between 1987 and 2001 with PtCl2 2%. Only 2 women showed a positive patch test for PtCl2. The patient presented here, stopped working with platinum salts and recovered from all complaints. We interpret our case as occupational type‐I and type‐IV hypersensitivity to platinum salts with mucosal and dermal manifestations.
P17 Allergic contact dermatitis from hydrolyzed wheat protein
Authors: Bordalo Olivia 
Published: August 2010

Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) from hydrolysed wheat protein (HWP) is rarely reported in the literature. We describe 2 cases of ACD to this new allergen. Case1‐ A 39‐year‐old non atopic woman presented with a dermatitis of the face, mainly eyelids and neck. She had been using a new cosmetic cream for 2 months. The lesions subsided with topical corticosteroids. Patch tests with the standard, cosmetic, fragrance series and with her own products gave positive reactions only to the new cosmetic cream. We also tested all the components of this cream and only HWP gave a doubtful reaction with occlusive tests and positive reaction with ROAT. Case 2 – A 48‐year‐old atopic woman presented with a dermatitis of the face and hands for 1 month. She had been using a new cosmetic cream for 11 months and kept using the product without any suspicion. The dermatitis subsided with cetirizine and topical corticosteroids. Patch tests with the standard, cosmetic, fragrance series and her own products revealed positive reactions to the cosmetic cream. Again, testing all the components of the cream, only HWP gave doubtful reactions with occlusive tests and positive reactions with ROAT.Discussion:  In recent years, a number of protein hydrolysates have been introduced into cosmetic manufacture. HWP is being used in cosmetic creams for its moisturizing properties. As far as we know, there is only one previously reported case of ACD induced by this allergen. More cases may be expected.
P73 The magnitude of contact allergy responses can be quantified with imaged perfusion
Authors: Bjarnason Bolli , Xu H , Elmets CA 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  The objective of this study was to determine whether the magnitude of the perfusion of the contact hypersensitivity response as measured by the laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) technique was associated with immunological parameters implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease.Methods:  Urushiol was applied on one of the forearms of volunteers for 48 hours while the other forearm served as a control. Twenty‐four hours later, measurements of perfusion of the patch test sites were performed with the LDPI technique. To determine whether there was a correlation with immunological parameters associated with human contact hypersensitivity, suction blisters were produced at the test sites. Blister fluid was removed and examined for the cytokine interleukin‐8 (IL‐8).Results:  There was an extremely close correlation between the magnitude of the contact hypersensitivity response as measured by the imaged perfusion and the level of IL‐8 in the blister fluid (r = 1.00). Compared to subjects with visually positive urushiol reactions, patients who failed to develop urushiol contact hypersensitivity despite repeated exposures to that substance had both greatly diminished perfusion and blister fluid IL‐8 levels.Conclusion:  The results indicate that LDPI is a sensitive method of quantifying contact hypersensitivity reactions in humans and that the magnitude of the measurements with this technique correlates extremely well with cutaneous cytokine levels that have been implicated in the immunopathogenesis of contact hypersensitivity.
P76 Allergic contact dermatitis vs. psoriasis
Authors: Fernandez‐Redondo Virginia , Rodriguez‐Blanco I , Toribio J 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Psoriasis prevalence in the Spanish population is around 1.4%(2000). The last epidemiological enquire of the GEIDC (2001) showed that 55.11% of the patients revised in specialized units presented Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD). Concomitance of both processes has been widely studied being the opinions of the different authors controversial. Palmo‐plantar psoriasis seems to be the most frequent type in patients presenting delayed hypersensitivity.Aim and methods:  A retrospective study (2002–2003) of the incidence of ACD in patients previously diagnosed of psoriasis was performed in the allergy unit of our hospital. The aim of our study was to investigate the delayed hypersensitivity among psoriatic patients as well as its clinical relevance in our influence area. 604 consecutive patients were studied. Standard batteries of the GEIDC as well as complementary series (True‐Test and Chemotecnique) were performed. Allergen application and posterior evaluation were done according to the ICDRG rules.Results:  We studied 26 patients affected of Psoriasis, (4,3% of total). In contrast to the general population, 9 were female (mean age 49 years) and 17 male (mean age 48,4 years). ACD suggestive lesions were located in the hands of 15 patients, feet in three of them and in 4 patients both. Patch test was negative in 8 cases. The most detected allergens were Nickel and Fragrance‐mix. Occupational origin was discussed in 6 cases. Sensitivity to formaldehyde resins was demonstrated in several patients. Medicamentous origin due to ethylendiamine and Peru Balsam was also demonstrated.Comments:  Several revisions about the relationship of ACD and psoriasis have been published in the last years and most of the authors think that there are no differences between healthy, psoriatic and atopic subjects. These studies have focused on adverse drug reactions or standard series of allergens, taking not in consideration an occupational origin. We suggest epicutaneous tests as a reliable method to diagnose ACD in psoriatic patients with chronic and/or refractory lesions in hands.
P78 Frequency and development of atopic dermatitis in Norway
Authors: Selvaag Edgar , Loeb M 
Published: August 2010

Investigations in several western countries, especially european, have shown an increase in the frequency of atopic disease. To investigate these trends in Norway, the following procedure was followed.Using four standardized interview‐reports the development and the frequency of atopic dermatitis was determined.The questionnaires were conducted in the years 1968, 1975, 1985 and 1995. The results were registred electronically, and made available on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) in Windows version.In 1968 420 out of 11101 persons suffered from a skin disease.The diagnosis atopic dermatitis was not recorded in 1968, in 1975 0.7% of all skin disease considered atopic dermatitis, in 1985 1.3% and in 1995 10.1%.The results show an increased incidence of atopic dermatitis in Norway, comparable to other western countries.Connections to air pollution, indoor environment, especially smoking are at present under investigation.
Contact allergy caused by air oxidation of common materials – diagnosis and prevention
Authors: Karlberg Ann‐Therese 
Published: August 2010

When considering the allergenic activity of a compound not only the possibility of bioactivation by skin metabolism but also air activation by autoxidation must be taken into account.Natural compounds (terpenes) easily oxidize at air exposure. They are found in products that are common causes of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) i.e. colophony and fragrances.The introduction of oxygen enables the molecules to form antigens with skin proteins via a nucleophilic‐ electrophilic interaction or via a radical reaction. The latter mechanism seems to be important since the primary oxidation products, the hydroperoxides, are the most potent sensitizers formed. Oxidative decomposition at air exposure resulting in allergenic oxidation products is observed also for other common compounds e.g. ethoxylated fatty alcohols used as surfactants.It is important to test the patient with the offending compounds for diagnosis of ACD. A negative diagnosis can be due to failure in testing with the correct substances. In the case of air activated compounds, testing should not be performed with the pure substances but rather with the oxidation mixture or the most sensitizing oxidation products (the hydroperoxides). We have in multicenter‐studies shown that the common fragrance terpenes, limonene and linalool, are frequent sensitizers when oxidized. This is a challenge in clinical practice since such patch test materials are not easily standardized.Compounds, easily activated at air exposure, should be prevented from oxidative decomposition by addition of antioxidants and proper handling and storage. More research is needed in this area.
FS03.5 Evaluation of the irritancy potential of adapalene and tretinoin in volunteers of different ethnic origins
Authors: Goh Chee‐Leok , Goon A T‐J , Sorba V , Soto P , Kaoukhov A 
Published: August 2010

Objectives:  To compare the cumulative irritancy potential of adapalene gel, 0.1% to that of tretinoin gel, 0.025% following repeated applications to the skin of human volunteers of different ethnic origins.Methods:  Single center study, randomized, investigator blind, intra‐individual, comparison in healthy volunteers, 18 years of age and older. Volunteers were randomized to apply each product daily to one or the other half‐face for 21 days. On the forearms products were applied under occlusive conditions for 4 days. Criteria for evaluation were signs and symptoms (erythema, desquamation, dryness, stinging/ burning, pruritus) on the face and on the forearms (irritation, stinging/burning, pruritus, and biophysical measurements: colorimetry‐a* and Trans‐epidermal Water Loss (TEWL)). Overall safety evaluation was based on adverse events information collected throughout the study.Results:  Seventy‐three (73) volunteers from 4 ethnic groups (Chinese, European, Indian and Malaysian volunteers) were randomized. On the face the between treatment differences in olerability parameters were similar in all ethnic groups, thus allowing to conclude that adapalene was significantly better tolerated than tretinoin in all ethnic groups. This also allowed us to compare overall irritation susceptibility of different ethnic groups using the sum of clinical sign scores. An overall ethnic effect could be shown (p < 0.001): Chinese being most susceptible (33.5), followed by Indians (26.9), Malaysians (23.6) and Europeans (14.1). Forearm evaluations showed significantly better tolerability for adapalene than for tretinoin. However in each patient TEWL measurements correlated poorly with clinical assessments. Throughout the study more treatment related adverse events occurred with tretinoin than with adapalene.Conclusions:   Adapalene gel, 0.1%showed a better cutaneous tolerability and safety profile than tretinoin gel, 0.025% for all four ethnic groups. An interethnic difference in the irritation susceptibility could be shown.
FS03.7 Tape stripping procedure: influence of anatomic site, application pressure, duration and removal
Authors: Löffler Harald , Dreher F , Maibach HI 
Published: August 2010

Background and Objectives:  Tape stripping is a common method for investigating stratum corneum (SC) physiology as well as bioavailability and bioequivalence of topical drugs. However, little is known concerning the influence of procedures (anatomic site, pressure, pressure duration, tape removal rate) inherent in each stripping protocol.Methods:  Tape stripping was performed using tapes on the forearm, forehead and back. On the forearm different pressures (165 and 330 g cm−2), durations of pressure (2s and 10s), and removal rate (slow and rapid removal) was performed. Changes in skin physiology were evaluated by measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and hydration.Results:  A significant influence of all parameters on the TEWL‐increase as a function of tape strip number was observed. The fastest increase was demonstrated on the forehead, followed by the back and, lastly, the forearm. Rapid removal produced a protracted increase in comparison to the slow removal. 10s pressure induced a faster increase of TEWL than 2s pressure. Likewise, the 330 g cm−2 pressure induced an earlier increase than the 165 g cm−2. Skin hydration was not influenced by the variables tested.Conclusion:  Tape stripping results are influenced dramatically by all investigated parameters. A standardized procedure is necessary for a comparable study design. A dynamic SC stress test to more closely investigate SC cohesion is proposed based on the present observations.