bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does giving up substance use work for patients with psychosis? A systematic meta-analysis
Authors: Mullin Katherine , Gupta Pal , Compton Michael T , Nielssen Olav , Harris Anthony , Large Matthew 
Published: February 2012

Objective: To assess the extent to which ceasing the use of cannabis or other substances reduces the symptoms and social disability associated with psychotic illness. Methods: The electronic databases CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched for peer-reviewed publications in English that report data about the characteristics of current and former substance-using patients diagnosed with psychotic illnesses. The searches yielded 328 articles, of which 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. Four key outcome variables; positive symptoms, negative symptoms, ratings of depression and global function, and five other measures of outcome that were reported in five or more studies were examined using meta-analysis. Results: Current substance-using patients were significantly younger than former substance-using patients (standardised mean difference (SMD) = −0.38), but did not differ in age at onset of psychosis, sex, level of education or marital status. Current substance users had higher scores on rating scales of positive symptoms (SMD = 0.29) and depression (SMD = 0.36), and lower scores on global function (SMD = −0.26) when compared with former substance users. There was a significant improvement in the ratings of positive symptoms, mood and global function among patients who stopped using substances during the first episode of psychosis, while improvements in the symptoms of patients with a more established psychotic illness did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: The results suggest that substance use contributes to both the symptoms and the burden of disability experienced by patients with psychosis. Patients in the early stages of psychotic illness should be informed about the benefits of giving up substances earlier, rather than later in the illness. Psychiatric services should regard the treatment of substance use as an integral part of the treatment of psychotic disorders.
Bone‐Anchored Implantation for Single‐Sided Deafness in Patients with Less Than Profound Hearing Loss
Authors: Zeitler Daniel M. , Snapp Hillary A. , Telischi Fred F. , Angeli Simon I. 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveThe benefit of bone‐anchored implantation (BAI) for the treatment of single‐sided deafness (SSD) is well established. In this study, the authors sought to evaluate objective hearing outcomes and subjective benefits in patients undergoing BAI for SSD with residual hearing in the implanted ear.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAcademic tertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsAll adult, English‐speaking patients undergoing BAI for SSD from 2004 to 2010 were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups: (1) residual hearing in the affected ear (≤90 db hearing level [HL] pure‐tone average [PTA]) and (2) profound hearing loss in the affected ear (>90 dB HL PTA). Patients underwent pre‐ and postoperative objective hearing outcomes testing including speech‐in‐noise and monosyllabic word tests. Subjective outcomes were measured pre‐ and postoperatively using the Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile (GHABP).ResultsPatients in both groups showed significant improvement in all objective hearing measures following implantation (P <. 0001), and there were no significant differences in objective hearing outcomes between groups. Subjective benefits from BAI varied across patients according to GHABP results, but patients with residual hearing in the affected ear trended toward improved satisfaction with their device postoperatively.ConclusionIndividuals with SSD and residual cochlear reserve can be successfully implanted with BAI, achieving significant improvements in objective hearing measures. Postoperative improvements do not seem to correlate with the preoperative audiometric testing scores. Although subjective benefit varies across patients, BAI is clearly a viable rehabilitation option for patients with SSD and less than profound hearing loss.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion in Patients with Olfactory Neuroblastoma
Authors: Gray Stacey T. , Holbrook Eric H. , Najm Mohammed H. , Sadow Peter M. , Curry William T. , Lin Derrick T. 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveThe syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) has been reported as a paraneoplastic syndrome in many different types of malignancies. Several case reports of SIADH have been reported in patients with olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), but the exact incidence is unknown. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with olfactory neuroblastoma and to identify all patients who had a history of SIADH prior to the diagnosis of ONB.Study DesignCase series and chart reviewSettingTertiary care university‐affiliated medical center.Subjects and MethodsA total of 21 patients presented to our institution with ONB between 1997 and 2009. All records were reviewed for a history of preoperative hyponatremia or SIADH.ResultsThree patients were identified who had a history of SIADH prior to the diagnosis of ONB. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor specimens from the 3 patients with SIADH was positive for arginine vasopressin. SIADH resolved in all 3 patients after successful treatment of ONB.ConclusionAlthough uncommon, SIADH can be the presenting symptom of ONB and should be considered during the workup for idiopathic SIADH.
The dynamics of reproductive rate, offspring survivorship and growth in the lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810
Authors: Lin Qiang , Li Gang , Qin Geng , Lin Junda , Huang Liangmin , Sun Hushan , Feng Peiyong 
Published: February 2012

Summary
Seahorses are the vertebrate group with the embryonic development occurring within a special pouch in males. To understand the reproductive efficiency of the lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810 under controlled breeding experiments, we investigated the dynamics of reproductive rate, offspring survivorship and growth over births by the same male seahorses. The mean brood size of the 1-year old pairs in the 1st birth was 85.4±56.9 per brood, which was significantly smaller than that in the 6th birth (465.9±136.4 per brood) (P&lt;0.001). The offspring survivorship and growth rate increased with the births. The fecundity was positively correlated with the length of brood pouches of males and trunk of females. The fecundity of 1-year old male and 2-year old female pairs was significantly higher than that from 1-year old couples (P&lt;0.001). The brood size (552.7±150.4) of the males who mated with females that were isolated for the gamete-preparation, was larger than those (467.8±141.2) from the long-term pairs (P&lt;0.05). Moreover, the offspring from the isolated females had higher survival and growth rates. Our results showed that the potential reproductive rate of seahorses H. erectus increased with the brood pouch development.
Effect of cold exposure on energy budget and thermogenesis during lactation in Swiss mice raising large litters
Authors: Zhao Zhi-Jun 
Published: February 2012

Summary
In Swiss mice sustained energy intake (SusEI) during peak lactation has been previously suggested to be constrained by the capacity of the mammary glands to produce milk, supporting the “peripheral limitation” hypothesis. Here we experimentally examined if SusEI in these mice was not only limited peripherally but also constrained by the ability to dissipate heat. Female Swiss mice were provided with additional offspring above their natural litter sizes and were maintained during lactation either in warm (23°C) or cold (5°C) conditions. Food intake, thermogenesis, litter size and mass, and the weight of the mammary glands were measured. No differences were observed in asymptotic food intake at peak lactation, litter mass and thermogenesis between females raising litters of different size. Cold-exposed females increased food intake and thermogenic capacity, but weaned significantly smaller and lighter litters with smaller pup sizes compared with females in warm conditions. The weight of the mammary glands did not differ between warm and cold-exposed females, but within temperatures was positively related to litter mass. These data suggested that cold exposure increased food intake, but had no effect on the capacity of the mammary glands to secret milk because they were already working maximally in the females raising larger litters. The factors causing this limit in the mammary capacity remain elusive.
Variable range hopping and/or phonon-assisted tunneling mechanism of electronic transport in polymers and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Pipinys Povilas , Kiveris Antanas 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We review and compare two models recently used to describe electronic transport in polymer fibers/nanotubes and carbon nanotubes including graphene nanoribbons, namely, variable range hopping (VRH) in different versions and their modifications on the one hand and electric-field-induced phonon-assisted tunneling (PhAT) on the other hand. The VRH model is mainly approved on behalf of the results of temperature dependences. However, the field dependencies of the conductivity in the framework of this model remain practically unexplained. At the same time, the PhAT model describes properly not only temperature dependence of conductivity measured in a wide temperature range, but also conductivity/current dependences on field strength using the same set of parameters characterizing the materials
Oscillations in a parametrically excited Bose-Einstein condensate in combined harmonic and optical lattice trap
Authors: Verma Priyanka , Bhattacherjee Aranya , Mohan Man 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In this work, we study parametric excitations in an elongated cigar-shaped BEC in a combined harmonic trap and a time dependent optical lattice by using numerical techniques. We show that there exists a relative competition between the harmonic trap which tries to spatially localize the BEC and the time varying optical lattice which tries to delocalize the BEC. This competition gives rise to parametric excitations (oscillations of the BEC width). Regular oscillations disappear when one of the competing factors, i.e. the strength of harmonic trap or the strength of optical lattice, dominates. Parametric instabilities (chaotic dynamics) arise for large variations in the strength of the optical lattice.
The First Eocene Species of the Genus Cryptophagus (Coleoptera, Clavicornia, Cryptophagidae)
Authors: Lyubarsky G. , Perkovsky E. 
Published: February 2012

The First Eocene Species of the GenusCryptophagus(Coleoptera, Clavicornia, Cryptophagidae)Based on a fossil specimen from the Late Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine),Cryptophagus harenusLyubarsky et Perkovsky, sp. n., an Eocene species of this genus is described. The new species is similar to the extant desert speciesCryptophagus desertusLyubarsky andC. recticollisSolsky, differing by the large callosity occupying 1/4 length of lateral margin of pronotum.
Gender differences in allocation choices made by children aged 5 to 6
Authors: Zaleskiewicz Tomasz , Hełka Anna 
Published: February 2012

Gender differences in allocation choices made by children aged 5 to 6
The main aim of this article is to supplement gaps in current knowledge concerning the development of competences related to goods allocation choices. We conducted a study in which 158 children aged 5 to 6 made choices concerning allocations of goods between themselves and the other, anonymous child. The crucial findings point to boys as more selfish in their choices than girls. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the claim that young children (especially boys) are aware that their choices are egoistic. Since our study adopted a similar methodology to that of the recent Swiss study, we were able to conduct cross-cultural analysis. The comparison of children's choices in the Polish study and the Swiss one pictures Polish children as displaying a stronger egalitarian preferences and revealing egoistic preferences less frequently than the children from Switzerland.
The Dialogical concept of consciousness in L.S. Vygotsky and G.H. Mead and its relevance for contemporary discussions on consciousness
Authors: Koczanowicz Leszek 
Published: February 2012

The Dialogical concept of consciousness in L.S. Vygotsky and G.H. Mead and its relevance for contemporary discussions on consciousness
In my paper I show the relevance of cultural-activity theory for solving the puzzles of the concept of consciousness which encounter contemporary philosophy. I reconstruct the main categories of cultural-activity theory as developed by M.M. Bakhtin, L.S. Vygotsky, G.H. Mead, and J. Dewey. For the concept of consciousness the most important thing is that the phenomenon of human consciousness is consider to be an effect of intersection of language, social relations, and activity. Therefore consciousness cannot be reduced to merely sensual experience but it has to be treated as a complex process in which experience is converted into language expressions which in turn are used for establishing interpersonal relationships. Consciousness thus can be accounted for by its reference to objectivity of social relationships rather than to the world of physical or biological phenomena.
Apport de l'analyse de discours pour renseigner les représentations paysagères et les demandes d'environnement. Exemple des vallées du nord-ouest de la France
Authors: Germaine Marie-Anne 
Published: February 2012

Dans le contexte des enjeux méthodologiques posés par les textes récents (Convention Européenne du Paysage, Convention d’Aarhus), cet article propose de montrer l’intérêt des discours produits par les acteurs locaux et de l’analyse de contenu pour renseigner la dimension sensible des paysages et formaliser la demande sociale associée. La démarche est illustrée à travers l’analyse comparée d’entretiens menés auprès des acteurs (habitants, agriculteurs, élus, gestionnaires...) de trois vallées normandes renfermant des paysages qualifiés d’ordinaires. Les motifs et valeurs sur lesquels s’appuient les représentations paysagères sont identifiés. Puis, les attentes exprimées par les individus sont repérées à partir de « cartes du discours ». Au final, l’analyse qualitative des entretiens associée à l’analyse de contenu permet de dépasser l’inventaire d’attentes individuelles et d’identifier une véritable demande collective. Étroitement liée au maintien d’aménités paysagères et environnementales, la demande sociale observée se cristallise plus particulièrement sur les enjeux de patrimonialisation. Elle invite ainsi à s’interroger sur le rôle respectif des discours et du vécu dans l’expression de ces nouvelles demandes de nature.
Néologie et unité lexicale : renouvellement théorique, polylexicalité et emploi
Authors: Mejri Salah 
Published: February 2012

Il s’agit de montrer la centralité de la néologie dans le fonctionnement des langues et le renouvellement théorique dont elle devrait faire l’objet. Parmi les points retenus en rapport avec cette perspective, nous en mentionnons essentiellement deux : celui du figement tel qu’il s’exprime à travers la polylexicalité et ce qu’il représente comme potentialités pour l’enrichissement de la langue, et celui de la notion d’emploi qui permet, entre autres, d’éclairer des transferts d’emplois entre les trois fonctions primaires (prédicats, arguments, actualisateurs).
De la « néologie syntaxique » à la néologie combinatoire
Authors: Sablayrolles Jean-François 
Published: February 2012

La tripartition courante de la néologie (formelle, sémantique, emprunt) pêche, entre autres faiblesses, par sa méconnaissance des innovations dans la combinatoire d’une lexie, avec ou sans changement de sens. Elle avait pourtant été reconnue sous le nom de « néologie syntaxique » dans Le Grand Dictionnaire Universel de Pierre Larousse et certains chapitres de l’ Histoire de la langue française de Ferdinand Brunot traitent de faits similaires. Nous voudrions montrer comment le modèle des classes d’objets permet d’affiner ce concept en lui donnant une assise scientifique. Parfois, seul un changement dans la rection est en cause (construction transitive directe vs construction transitive indirecte, ou changement de préposition, etc.), parfois, le schéma argumentatif – et les relations syntactico-sémantiques qu’il représente – est bouleversé, avec un changement de fonction primaire de la lexie (prédicat/argument/actualisateur), ou avec des emplois non prévus dans la combinatoire (telle qu’elle est, imparfaitement malheureusement, consignée dans les dictionnaires). Dans ces derniers cas, des mécanismes sémantiques du type emploi figuré peuvent être à l’œuvre.
À propos de l'amalgamation lexicale en français
Authors: Léturgie Arnaud 
Published: February 2012

Alors que peu d’études concernent le phénomène d’amalgamation lexicale en français, nous proposons de livrer un début de description en recourant à des unités fantaisistes afin de nous doter d’un corpus aussi important que possible. L’utilisation de mots fantaisistes permet d’agréger un corpus de grande ampleur et ainsi de s’affranchir de la difficulté à réunir des données pour observer le phénomène d’amalgamation lexicale. En conduisant une analyse morpho-phonologique et sémantique des 2 983 items retenus, un prototype d’amalgame lexical émerge. Cette analyse et ce prototype sont à mettre en relation avec des amalgames lexicaux attestés afin de rapporter, dans la mesure du possible, les résultats obtenus à la langue.
Âgencement militant ou entre-soi générationnel ?
Authors: Lambelet Alexandre 
Published: February 2012

Résumé À travers l’étude de carrières de retraités militants dans des organisations de défense de retraités, cet article montre que cet engagement, moins que le produit d’une volonté de défendre une cause particulière (celle des retraités), est le produit d’une double logique : l’exclusion de ces individus d’autres lieux du militantisme du fait de leur âge et leur volonté de se retrouver avec des militants appartenant à la même génération. Cette analyse questionne alors à nouveaux frais la notion d’offre militante en montrant la nécessité de la repenser en l’articulant à des groupes spécifiques, c’est-à-dire en la rapportant aux rapports de domination – en l’occurrence les âge ncements – qui structurent la société.
ITAM-Coupled Receptors Inhibit IFNAR Signaling and Alter Macrophage Responses to TLR4 and Listeria mono
cytogenes
Authors: Huynh Linda , Wang Lu , Shi Chao , Park-Min Kyung-Hyun , Ivashkiv Lionel B. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
ITAM-coupled receptors play an essential role in regulating macrophage activation and function by cross-regulating signaling from heterologous receptors. We investigated mechanisms by which ITAM-associated receptors inhibit type I IFN (IFN-α/β) signaling in primary human macrophages and tested the effects of simultaneous ligation of ITAM-associated receptors and TLR4 on TLR4-induced Jak–STAT signaling that is mediated by autocrine IFN-β. Preligation of ITAM-coupled β2 integrins and FcγRs inhibited proximal signaling by the type I IFN receptor IFNAR. Cross-inhibition of IFNAR signaling by β2 integrins resulted in decreased Jak1 activation and was mediated by partial downregulation of the IFNAR1 subunit and MAPK-dependent induction of USP18, which blocks the association of Jak1 with IFNAR2. Simultaneous engagement of ITAM-coupled β2 integrins or Dectin-1 with TLR4 did not affect TLR4-induced direct activation of inflammatory target genes such as TNF or IL6 but abrogated subsequent induction of IFN response genes that is mediated by autocrine IFN-β signaling. Type I IFNs promote macrophage death postinfection by Listeria monocytogenes. Consequently, attenuation of IFN responses by β2 integrins protected primary human macrophages from L. monocytogenes-induced apoptosis. These results provide a mechanism for cross-inhibition of type I IFN signaling by ITAM-coupled β2 integrins and demonstrate that ITAM signaling qualitatively modulates macrophage responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and pathogens by selectively suppressing IFN responses.
Activation of the Pyrin Inflammasome by Intracellular Burkholderia cenocepacia
Authors: Gavrilin Mikhail A. , Abdelaziz Dalia H. A. , Mostafa Mahmoud , Abdulrahman Basant A. , Grandhi Jaykumar , Akhter Anwari , Abu Khweek Arwa , Aubert Daniel F. , Valvano Miguel A. , Wewers Mark D. , Amer Amal O. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic infection and induces progressive respiratory inflammation in cystic fibrosis patients. Recognition of bacteria by mononuclear cells generally results in the activation of caspase-1 and processing of IL-1β, a major proinflammatory cytokine. In this study, we report that human pyrin is required to detect intracellular B. cenocepacia leading to IL-1β processing and release. This inflammatory response involves the host adapter molecule ASC and the bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS). Human monocytes and THP-1 cells stably expressing either small interfering RNA against pyrin or YFP–pyrin and ASC (YFP–ASC) were infected with B. cenocepacia and analyzed for inflammasome activation. B. cenocepacia efficiently activates the inflammasome and IL-1β release in monocytes and THP-1. Suppression of pyrin levels in monocytes and THP-1 cells reduced caspase-1 activation and IL-1β release in response to B. cenocepacia challenge. In contrast, overexpression of pyrin or ASC induced a robust IL-1β response to B. cenocepacia, which correlated with enhanced host cell death. Inflammasome activation was significantly reduced in cells infected with T6SS-defective mutants of B. cenocepacia, suggesting that the inflammatory reaction is likely induced by an as yet uncharacterized effector(s) of the T6SS. Together, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that in human mononuclear cells infected with B. cenocepacia, pyrin associates with caspase-1 and ASC forming an inflammasome that upregulates mononuclear cell IL-1β processing and release.
Properdin Is Critical for Antibody-Dependent Bactericidal Activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae That Recruit C4b-Binding Protein
Authors: Gulati Sunita , Agarwal Sarika , Vasudhev Shreekant , Rice Peter A. , Ram Sanjay 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is an important cause of morbidity worldwide. A safe and effective vaccine against gonorrhea is needed because of emerging resistance of gonococci to almost every class of antibiotic. A gonococcal lipooligosaccharide epitope defined by the mAb 2C7 is being evaluated as a candidate for development of an Ab-based vaccine. Immune Abs against N. gonorrhoeae need to overcome several subversive mechanisms whereby gonococcus evades complement, including binding to C4b-binding protein (C4BP; classical pathway inhibitor) and factor H (alternative pathway [AP] inhibitor). The role of AP recruitment and, in particular, properdin in assisting killing of gonococci by specific Abs is the subject of this study. We show that only those gonococcal strains that bind C4BP require properdin for killing by 2C7, whereas strains that do not bind C4BP are efficiently killed by 2C7 even when AP function is blocked. C3 deposition on bacteria mirrored killing. Recruitment of the AP by mAb 2C7, as measured by factor B binding, occurred in a properdin-dependent manner. These findings were confirmed using isogenic mutant strains that differed in their ability to bind to C4BP. Immune human serum that contained bactericidal Abs directed against the 2C7 lipooligosaccharide epitope as well as murine antigonococcal antiserum required functional properdin to kill C4BP-binding strains, but not C4BP-nonbinding strains. Collectively, these data point to an important role for properdin in facilitating immune Ab-mediated complement-dependent killing of gonococcal strains that inhibit the classical pathway by recruiting C4BP.