bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fitspiration—Inspiration or threat for adolescent girls? A qualitative investigation on fitness‐related social media content and physical education
Authors: Frühauf Anika , Roth Merle , Rausch Linda , Kopp Martin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeveral quantitative studies have shown a negative relationship between fitspiration content (appearance‐idealized pictures related to a fit and healthy lifestyle) in social media and mental health. The current study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of fitspiration users by qualitatively assessing their perception of fitspiration content and how it affects their health‐related behaviour and well‐being. A further research question was whether fitspiration as a form of public pedagogy was addressed in participants' physical education (PE) in schools. Thirteen female students from Austria who follow fitspiration content (14–19 years) were interviewed using semi‐structured interviews. Positive effects in health behaviour, such as a higher reported physical activity, exercise motivation and conscious eating (e.g., reducing junk food) were reported. However, participants further described potentially negative consequences on mental and physical health resulting from social comparisons with influencers. As none of the students reported addressing social media fitness content in PE, including or adapting a critical media pedagogy in PE should be considered to enhance awareness of the negative effects of social media but use the positive influence on health behaviour.
Allergen content of popular chemical hair relaxers: A product analysis
Authors: Okeke Chidubem A. V. , Seltzer Janyla A. , De Guzman Christian B. , Tran Joseph H. , Okoye Ginette A. , Byrd Angel S. , Wu Peggy A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundChemical hair relaxers are widely utilized by black women, yet little research exists on the allergens present in these products.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate allergen prevalence in the most popular chemical hair relaxers.MethodsWe analysed 41 products from five major retailers, identifying allergens through ingredient lists and comparing them to the 2020 American Contact Dermatitis Group Core allergen series.ResultsThe most common contact allergens in chemical relaxers include propylene glycol, cetyl steryl alcohol, fragrance, D/L‐a‐tocopherol, tea tree oil and cocamidopropyl betaine.ConclusionUnderstanding allergen exposure in products used by individuals with textured hair is needed for managing contact dermatitis in diverse populations. This analysis underscores the presence of potential allergens in hair relaxers, emphasizing the importance of dermatologists' awareness and patient scrutiny of ingredient lists.
Capacity for recovery in Bornean orangutan populations when limiting offtake and retaining forest
Authors: Seaman Dave J. I. , Voigt Maria , Ancrenaz Marc , Bocedi Greta , Meijaard Erik , Oram Felicity , Palmer Stephen C. F. , Santika Truly , Sherman Julie , Travis Justin M. J. , Wich Serge , Humle Tatyana , Supriatna Jatna , Struebig Matthew J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimWe assess the potential long‐term viability of orangutan populations across Borneo, considering the effects of habitat loss, and various forms of population reduction, including hunting, retaliatory killings and capture and translocation.LocationThe study focused on the island of Borneo, a region that has experienced substantial deforestation over the past four decades, resulting in the degradation and fragmentation of its lowland forests, thereby threatening the island's unique biodiversity, including orangutan populations.MethodsTo evaluate the long‐term viability of orangutan populations, we employed a spatially explicit individual‐based model. This model allowed us to simulate various scenarios, including the impact of removing habitat fragments or individuals from the population.ResultsOur findings revealed that small forest fragments facilitate orangutan movement, thereby increasing the number of individuals settling in non‐natal patches. Crucially, orangutan populations proved highly vulnerable to even small levels of offtake. Annual removal rates exceeding 2% diminished the positive role of small forest patches in sustaining population connectivity, the long‐term viability of populations and prospects for recovery.Main ConclusionsOur results suggest that orangutan populations in Borneo could potentially recover from recent declines if removal of orangutans by hunting, retaliatory killings, capture and translocation is reduced, and habitat connectivity is maintained within human‐modified landscapes. These findings emphasize the urgent need for conservation strategies that mitigate negative human–wildlife interactions, and/or help preserve habitat and fragments as stepping stones. Measures could include promoting coexistence with local communities and translocating orangutans only in rare cases where no suitable alternative exists, to ensure the long‐term survival of orangutan populations in Borneo.
Real world use of tirzepatide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in an Arab population
Authors: Buckley Adam , Suliman Sara , Allum Matthew , Mohammed Nagi , Lessan Nader , le Roux Carel W. , Suliman Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTirzepatide is a glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) dual receptor agonist (RA) that reduces glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and weight in patients with type 2 diabetes. We assessed the effectiveness of tirzepatide in real‐world use in an Arab population.MethodsReview of clinical data from a specialist outpatient diabetes centre; study time points and outcome measures were pre‐specified.ResultsTirzepatide was initiated in 8945 patients between 24 October 2022 and 31 December 2023. Of these, 3686 individuals reached 40 weeks of follow‐up. At initiation, the mean ± SD age was 54.1 ± 11.5 years, body mass index 34.6 ± 6.0 kg/m2 and HbA1c 7.3 ± 1.5% (56 ± 17 mmol/mol); 2296 (62%) were switched to tirzepatide from another GLP‐RA and 317 (8.6%) reported previous bariatric surgery. The maximum dose dispensed was ≥12.5 mg/week in 1087, 7.5‐10.0 mg/week in 1688 and 2.5‐5.0 mg/week in 911. The mean 40‐week reduction in HbA1c was 0.6 ± 1.2% (8 ± 13 mmol/mol) and the reduction in weight was 4.5 ± 6.9 kg (4.8 ± 7.3%). GLP‐RA‐naïve patients experienced a significantly greater reduction in HbA1c [1.0 ± 1.3% (11 ± 14 mmol/mol) versus 0.5 ± 1.2% (6 ± 13 mmol/mol), p < .0001] and weight (7.2 ± 8.6 vs. 4.2 ± 6.6 kg, p < .0001) compared with previously exposed individuals. Post‐metabolic bariatric surgery patients lost significantly more weight (7.8 ± 9.4 vs. 4.5 ± 7.0 kg, p < .0001). Improvements in blood pressure, lipid profile, and liver transaminases were noted at 40 weeks. Tirzepatide was well tolerated, with 288 (7.8%) of patients discontinuing treatment because of adverse effects, predominantly gastrointestinal.ConclusionIn real‐world use, tirzepatide significantly reduced HbA1c levels and weight and was well tolerated. Previous GLP‐RA use was associated with significantly lesser HbA1c and weight reduction, and previous metabolic bariatric surgery was associated with greater weight loss.
Insomnia symptoms as a mediator between school connectedness and suicidal ideation in Chinese adolescents: A three‐wave longitudinal model
Authors: Sun Mingze , Scherffius Andrew , Sun Meng , Chen Chunping , Wang Dongfang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimSchool connectedness is related to suicidal ideation (SI) in adolescents. However, little is known about the mediating role of insomnia symptoms in the school connectedness–SI link. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal mediating effect of insomnia symptoms on the relationship between school connectedness and SI as well as the moderating effect of sex using a three‐wave longitudinal design.MethodsA total of 3110 adolescents completed three online surveys. Data were collected over the course of 1 year, in three waves 6 months apart. Participants completed the School Connectedness Scale, Youth Self‐Rating Insomnia Scale, Self‐rating Idea of Suicide Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and a self‐compiled demographic questionnaire. Linear regressions and mediation analyses were performed to examine the associations between school connectedness, insomnia symptoms and SI.ResultsSchool connectedness had a significant mediating effect on SI through insomnia symptoms (β
a×b = −.03, 95% confidence interval = −0.04, −0.02) after controlling for demographics and depressive symptoms. Mediation analyses showed that insomnia symptoms accounted for 23.1% of the total effects in the entire sample, with 13.3% in males and 27.3% in females. Sex had no significant moderating effect on the school connectedness–SI link association.ConclusionsThe association between school connectedness and SI appears to be mediated by insomnia symptoms. Assessing and promoting school connectedness, as well as intervening and treating distress associated with insomnia, may have important clinical implications for reducing the risk of SI in adolescents.
Relationship between altered taste and smell with malnutrition among hemodialysis patients
Authors: Özkan İlknur , Taylan Seçil , Kurt Yücel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlterations in taste and smell are among the most distressing symptoms experienced by haemodialysis patients. There is limited research on the relationship between these two symptoms and malnutrition in haemodialysis patients. This study aimed to investigate alterations in taste and smell in hemodialysis patients and their relationship with malnutrition.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was carried out with 149 hemodialysis patients at the dialysis centers of three state hospitals. The Taste and Smell Dysfunction Questionnaire was used to assess the changes in patients' taste and smell, and the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), as well as the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) tool, were utilized to evaluate their nutritional status.FindingsA substantial percentage (45.6%) of patients reported an altered sense of smell, and 40.2% reported an altered sense of taste. The aspect of taste that was most abnormal was bitterness (46.7%); 53.0% of the patients were at moderate risk of malnutrition by PNI score, and 14.8% were categorized as malnourished by CONUT score. Malnutrition was related to dialysis vintage: a 1‐year increase in vintage was associated with an increased risk of malnutrition (OR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.02–1.32, p < 0.001). Altered taste was associated with malnutrition: one‐unit increase in the standard deviation of the taste subdimension score was associated with a relative risk of malnutrition (OR: 6.89, 95% CI 1.67–28.39, p < 0.001). A one‐unit increase in the standard deviation of the smell subdimension was associated with relative risk of malnutrition (OR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.10–1.64, p < 0.001).DiscussionMalnutrition was found in a significantpercentage of hemodialysis patients. Altered taste and smell and the durationof dialysis treatment were significantly associated with malnutrition scores It isrecommended that healthcare professionals regularly assess alterations in tasteand smell in hemodialysis patients, as these alterations may be associated withmalnutrition, and manage these alterations accordingly.
‘No matter what time of day’: The value of joining Facebook groups supporting women's self‐management of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pham Sheila , Churruca Kate , Ellis Louise A. , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects a significant and growing proportion of pregnant women each year. The condition entails additional monitoring, self‐management and healthcare use during pregnancy, and some women also join GDM support groups on Facebook. Little is known about the practices inside these groups, but examining them may elucidate support needs, women's experience of healthcare and improve overall outcomes. The aims of this study were to explore motivations for joining GDM Facebook groups and the perceived value and benefits of such spaces.DesignA cross‐sectional design using a web‐based survey collected data from two peer‐led GDM Facebook groups; relevant quantitative and qualitative data were extracted from open and closed questions, and analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.ResultsA total of 340 women responded to the survey, with 306 (90%) tendering their motivations to join a GDM Facebook group. Their answers were classified into six categories: peer support; information and practical advice; lived experiences; community; a safe place to ask questions and being recommended. The most commonly reported benefits of membership were ‘reading about food ideas’ and ‘finding helpful information and tips’. Respondents reported finding their group strongly sympathetic, sincere, compassionate, heart‐felt, tolerant, sensitive, warm and supportive.Discussion and ConclusionsGDM Facebook groups are valuable for informational and emotional support, and the sharing and perusal of lived experiences; another key benefit for women is feeling belonging to a community. GDM Facebook groups provide women with access to more tailored and readily available support, filling gaps not addressed by healthcare providers.Patient ContributionThis study was led by a person with lived experience of GDM, and the survey was pilot tested with women who had also experienced GDM, which contributed to its development.
The process of co‐designing a model of social prescribing: An Australian case study
Authors: Oster Candice , Powell Ashleigh , Hutchinson Claire , Anderson Debra , Gransbury Bill , Walton Martin , O'Brien Jenny , Raven Susan , Bogomolova Svetlana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionSocial needs such as housing, employment, food, income and social isolation are having a significant impact on individuals, families and communities. Individuals are increasingly presenting to health settings with social needs, which are ill‐equipped to address nonmedical needs. Social prescribing is a systematic approach connecting the health, social and community sectors to better address social needs and improve health and wellbeing. Social prescribing interventions are being implemented world‐wide. With variability in health and social care systems internationally, it is important that social prescribing interventions are co‐designed with key stakeholders to ensure they can be implemented and sustained within local systems.MethodsThis Australian case study provides a detailed description of the process undertaken to co‐design a social prescribing service model in a regional area. Four co‐design workshops were undertaken, two with health and social care professionals and two with community members. The project followed an iterative process of resourcing, planning, recruiting, sensitising, facilitation, reflection and building for change across the workshops.ResultsThrough this process, key stakeholders were able to successfully co‐design a social prescribing model of care for the region.ConclusionBy demonstrating the process and materials used in our project, we aim to open the ‘black box’ of co‐design for social prescribing and provide ideas and resources for others to adapt and utilise.Patient or Public ContributionThe project was designed and undertaken by a steering committee comprising university‐based researchers (authors C. O. and S. B.), local government (author D. A.) and health, social and community services (authors B. G., M. W., J. O. and S. R.). Members of the steering committee participated in project design, participant recruitment, workshop facilitation, data analysis and interpretation.
Effect of solid acid catalyst coupled decolorization process on the physicochemical properties and bioactive and volatile compounds of sesame oil
Authors: Yu Qiong , Wang Xue‐de , Yang Shi , Ma Yu‐xiang , Liu Hua‐min 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn this study, the effects of citric acid‐loaded Hβ zeolite (F), activated clay and their modified decolorizers on the nutrients, volatile compounds and harmful substances of sesame oil in the decolorization process were evaluated. The results showed that the decolorization effect of F was second only to that of activated clay, the yield of F‐treated sesame oil sample was not significantly different from that of other decolorizers. The formation of asarinin was detected only in the sesame oil samples treated with F and H (zinc chloride‐activated clay). Compared with the activated clay‐treated sesame oil samples, the retention of tocopherols in the F‐treated sesame oil sample was significantly increased by 23.11%, and the retention of phytosterols was increased by 4.85%. The removal rate of the harmful substances Norharman and Harman in the F‐treated sesame oil sample was 96.79%, which was second only to that of the activated clay. Additionally, the removal rate of the total volatile compounds was the highest at 69.47%. The effects of different decolorizers on the sesame oil samples were closely related to the specific surface area, pore size and surface acidic sites of these decolorizers. This study could provide ideas for the industrial application of leached sesame oil, such as cosmetics and base oils.
Characteristics of mildly refined soy protein fractions for cleaner soy‐food development
Authors: Peng Yu , Zhao Dandan , Li Mo , Wen Xin , Ni Yuanying 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn recent years, the markets for plant‐based products and plant protein have experienced a remarkable global expansion. The demand for plant‐based products, ranging from meat substitutes and dairy alternatives to plant‐based snacks and beverages, has surged exponentially. Soy protein, among all the plant protein resources, held a significant market share in the plant‐based industry, reflecting its popularity and widespread use. The selection of an appropriate soy fractionation process is essential for the development of cleaner and more sustainable soy‐based food products. This study compared three different soy protein fractions (SPFs) obtained through mild fractionation processes, each with unique chemical compositions and functionalities. Aqueous ethanol washing process resulted in the fractions with the highest protein purity and water holding capacity, while the simplified aqueous extraction method coupled with either an alkaline solubilisation step (SAE‐Alkaline) or an acid precipitation step (SAE‐Acid) yielded protein fractions with superior solubility, thermal stability, and gel strength. The choice of fractionation route has significant implications for the production of protein‐rich ingredients, and prioritising sustainable processing methods can contribute to the development of innovative and environmentally friendly soy‐based foods.
Joint Robust Variable Selection of Mean and Covariance Model via Shrinkage Methods
Authors: Güney Yeşim , Gokalp Yavuz Fulya , Arslan Olcay 
Published: May 2024

SummaryA valuable and robust extension of the traditional joint mean and the covariance models when data subject to outliers and/or heavy‐tailed outcomes can be achieved using the joint modelling of location and scatter matrix of the multivariate t‐distribution. This model encompasses three models in itself, and the number of unknown parameters in the covariance model increases quadratically with the matrix size. As a result, selecting the important variables becomes a crucial aspect to consider. In this context, the variable selection combined with the parameter estimation is considered under the normality assumption. However, because of the non‐robustness of the normal distribution, the resulting estimators will be sensitive to outliers and/or heavy taildness in the data. This paper has two objectives to overcome these problems. The first is to obtain the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters and propose an expectation‐maximisation type algorithm as an alternative to the Fisher scoring algorithm in the literature. We also consider simultaneous parameter estimation and variable selection in the multivariate t‐joint location and scatter matrix models. The consistency and oracle properties of the regularised estimators are also established. Simulation studies and real data analysis are provided to assess the performance of the proposed methods.
Effect of concomitant tricuspid annuloplasty on postoperative wound complications in heart failure patients undergoing mitral valve repair
Authors: Hou Yuehui , Guo Lan , Li Yonghua , Cai Jin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTricuspid valve repair (TVR) combined with mitral valve surgery (MVS) has been a controversial issue. It is not clear whether the combined surgery has any influence on the occurrence of postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of complications including wound infection, wound bleeding, and mortality after MVS combined with or without TVR. By meta‐analysis, a total of 1576 papers were collected from 3 databases, and 7 of them were included. We provided the necessary data of 7 included studies such as the authors, publication date, country, surgical approach and case number, patient age, and so on. Statistical analysis was carried out with RevMan 5.3 software. We found that patients with heart failure accepting MVS combined with or without TVR, performed no statistically significant difference in postoperative wound infection (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.29, 2.62; P = 0.81), wound bleeding (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.3, 1.48; P = 0.39), and mortality (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.42, 2.61; P = 0.92). In conclusion, current evidence indicated that the combined surgery had no additional risk of postoperative complications, and might be an effective alternative surgical approach to mitral valve diseases accompany with tricuspid regurgitation. However, for the limited case size, it was required to support the findings with a large number of cases in further studies.
Oxygen vacancy migration and impact on high voltage DC polarization in 0.8BaTiO3–0.2BiZn0.5Ti0.5O3
Authors: Bishop Sean R. , Blea Mia A. , Peretti Amanda S. , Bachman William B. , Jauregui Luis J. , Lowry Daniel R. , Boro Joseph , Coker Eric N. , Bock Jonathan A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrical polarization and defect transport are examined in 0.8BaTiO3–0.2BiZn0.5Ti0.5O3, an attractive capacitor material for high power electronics. Oxygen vacancies are suggested to be the majority charge carrier at or below 250°C with a grain conduction hopping activation energy of 0.97 eV and 0.92 eV for thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) and impedance spectroscopy measurements, respectively. At higher temperature, thermally generated electronic conduction with an activation energy of 1.6 eV is dominant. Significant oxygen vacancy concentration is indicated (up to ∼1%) due to cation vacancy formation (i.e., acceptor defects) from observed Bi (and likely Zn) volatility. Oxygen vacancy diffusivity is estimated to be 10−12.8 cm2/s at 250°C. Low diffusivity and high activation energies are indicative of significant defect interactions. Dipolar oxygen vacancy defects are also indicated, with an activation energy of 0.59 eV from TSDC measurements. The large oxygen vacancy content leads to a short lifetime during high voltage (30 kV/cm), high temperature (250°C) direct current (DC) electrical measurements.