bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioprinted Multi‐Composition Array Mimicking Tumor Microenvironments to Evaluate Drug Efficacy with Multivariable Analysis
Authors: Lee Gihyun , Kim Soo Jee , Park Je‐Kyun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCurrent organ‐on‐a‐chip technologies confront limitations in effectively recapitulating the intricate in vivo microenvironments and accommodating diverse experimental conditions on a single device. Here, a novel approach for constructing a multi‐composition tumor array on a single microfluidic device, mimicking complex transport phenomena within tumor microenvironments (TMEs) and allowing for simultaneous evaluation of drug efficacy across 12 distinct conditions is presented. The TME array formed by bioprinting on a microfluidic substrate consists of 36 individual TME models, each characterized by one of three different compositions and tested under four varying drug concentrations. Notably, the TME model exhibits precise compartmentalization, fostering the development of self‐organized vascular endothelial barriers surrounding breast cancer spheroids affecting substance transport. Multivariable screening and analysis of diverse conditions, including model complexity, replicates, and drug concentrations, within a single microfluidic platform, highlight the synergistic potential of integrating bioprinting with microfluidics to evaluate drug responses across diverse TME conditions comprehensively.
Fast‐Curing of Liquid Crystal Thermosets Enabled by End‐Groups Regulation and In Situ Monitoring by Triboelectric Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Haiyang , Han Yufei , Guan Qingbao , You Zhengwei , Zhu Meifang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of high‐performance polymer is crucial for the fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) used in extreme conditions. Liquid crystal polyarylate thermosets (LCTs) demonstrate great potential as triboelectric material by virtue of exceptional comprehensive properties. However, there are only a few specific end‐groups like phenylethynyl matching the LCT polycondensation temperature (above 300 °C). Moreover, the excellent properties of LCTs rely on the crosslinked network formed with long curing time at high temperature, restricting their further application in triboelectric material. Herein, a fast‐curing LCT is designed by terminating with 4‐maleimidophenol possessing appropriate reactivity. The resultant LCT (MA‐LC‐MA) exhibits much lower polycondensation temperature (250–270 °C) and curing temperature of 300 °C within only 1 min compared to typical LCTs (cured at 370 °C for 1 h). Furthermore, the cured MA‐LC‐MA retains a high glass transition temperature of 135 °C, storage modulus of 6 MPa even at 350 °C, and great electrical output performance. Additionally, triboelectric measurement related to the dielectric properties that vary with crosslinked network is innovatively utilized as an analysis technique of curing progress. This work provides a new strategy to design high‐performance TENGs and promotes the development of next generation thermosets in extreme conditions.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Decarboxylative Mannich Reaction for the Synthesis of Non‐Natural α‐Amino Acids Bearing Alkynyl Groups
Authors: Xu Xueting , Tu Shengyi , Sun Jiani , Lu Xuehe , Wu Xiaoyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAsymmetric decarboxylative Mannich addition of β‐keto acids or malonic acid half‐esters to β,γ‐alkynyl‐α‐ketimino esters catalyzed by cinchona alkaloid‐derived squaramide has been developed. The reaction proceeded by forming a nucleophilic enolate after decarboxylation, followed by its addition to β,γ‐alkynyl‐α‐ketimino esters facilitated by the bifunctional catalyst. A broad range of substrates with various substituents are tolerated in this reaction, yielding a series of α,α‐disubstituted amino acid derivatives bearing alkynyl functional groups in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities. The practicality of this method was demonstrated by a gram‐scale reaction and subsequent elaboration of the Mannich adducts.
Fully Printed PTC Based Heat Transfer Sensor Array as Liquid Level Sensor
Authors: Bäuerle Rainer , Nazari Pariya , Zimmermann Johannes , Melzer Christian , Hernandez‐Sosa Gerardo , Kowalsky Wolfgang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLiquid levels must be monitored in almost any process involving liquids. Most level sensors are mounted inside the vessel containing the liquid. Herein, a fully screen‐printed level sensor is demonstrated for external use. It consists of a vertical array of 16 pixels, each comprising a voltage divider of a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element and a shunt resistor. The self‐regulating PTC elements are heated with constant voltage. Heat flow out of the PTCs dictate their resistances and enables inference about their thermal surrounding. Water in a polypropylene container changes voltage levels by (33 ± 2) % compared to air. Applications with a glass container and household oil instead of water are also successfully tested. Both liquids yield a distinctive difference in signal and the sensor determines the height of the oil/water interface as well as the surfaces of the liquid. To further demonstrate the capabilities of the sensor, segregation of a water‐oil mixture, slowed by a mixing agent, is observed in real time. This work offers an adaptable and simple alternative for external level sensing.
Magnetic nanoparticle‐induced sorbent regeneration for direct air capture
Authors: Li Kai , Kesler Michael S. , McGuire Michael A. , Zhang Mingkan , Aytug Tolga , Jiang Huixin , Sholl David S. , Lara‐Curzio Edgar , Thompson Michael J. , Li Yanfei , Tener Zack P. , Nawaz Kashif 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDirect air capture (DAC) is a promising technology for decarbonization through the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. In many DAC processes, the regeneration energy used to restore the capture capacity of sorbents accounts for a significant fraction of the energy required by the whole process. Here we report an effective and scalable sorbent regeneration method for liquid DAC solvents based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) heating with AC magnetic fields. MNPs can be directly heated to provide uniform and rapid volumetric heating, as we demonstrate by promoting the release of captured CO2 from an aqueous solution of potassium sarcosinate. Our results showed that 90% of the solvent can be regenerated within 7.5 min of heating through proposed technique. The MNPs and solvent are found to be stable during the regeneration process and the MNPs showed long‐term stability in the CO2‐saturated solvent. Cyclic experiments showed that the nanoparticles can be reused for multiple cycles without performance deterioration. The process is operated in a noncontact mode through electromagnetic waves, making it an adoptable approach for existing carbon capture systems. The MNPs heating provides an effective regeneration strategy for liquid solvents used in carbon capture processes, in particular for DAC.
Unprecedented Packing Polymorphism of Oxindole: An Exploration Inspired by Crystal Structure Prediction
Authors: Wu Emily J. , Kelly Andrew W. , Iuzzolino Luca , Lee Alfred Y. , Zhu Xiaolong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCrystal polymorphism, characterized by different packing arrangements of the same compound, strongly ties to the physical properties of a molecule. Determining the polymorphic landscape is complex and time‐consuming, with the number of experimentally observed polymorphs varying widely from molecule to molecule. Furthermore, disappearing polymorphs, the phenomenon whereby experimentally observed forms cannot be reproduced, pose a significant challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Herein, we focused on oxindole (OX), a small rigid molecule with four known polymorphs, including a reported disappearing form. Using crystal structure prediction (CSP), we assessed OX solid‐state landscape and thermodynamic stability by comparing predicted structures with experimentally known forms. We then performed melt and solution crystallization in bulk and nanoconfinement to validate our predictions. These experiments successfully reproduced the known forms and led to the discovery of four novel polymorphs. Our approach provided insights into reconstructing disappearing polymorphs and building more comprehensive polymorph landscapes. These results also establish a new record of packing polymorphism for rigid molecules.
Tailoring Metallosupramolecular Glycoassemblies for Enhancing Lectin Recognition
Authors: Stauber Julia M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMultivalency is a fundamental principle in nature that leads to high‐affinity intermolecular recognition through multiple cooperative interactions that overcome the weak binding of individual constituents. For example, multivalency plays a critical role in lectin‐carbohydrate interactions that participate in many essential biological processes. Designing high‐affinity multivalent glycoconjugates that engage lectins results in systems with the potential to disrupt these biological processes, offering promising applications in therapeutic design and bioengineering. Here, a versatile and tunable synthetic platform for the synthesis of metallosupramolecular glycoassemblies is presented that leverages subcomponent self‐assembly, which employs metal ion templates to generate complex supramolecular architectures from simple precursors in one pot. Through ligand design, this approach provides precise control over molecular parameters such as size, shape, flexibility, valency, and charge, which afforded a diverse family of well‐defined hybrid glyconanoassemblies. Evaluation of these complexes as multivalent binders to Concanavalin A (Con A) by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) demonstrates the optimal saccharide tether length and the effect of electrostatics on protein affinity, revealing insights into the impact of synthetic design on molecular recognition. The presented studies offer an enhanced understanding of structure‐function relationships governing lectin‐saccharide interactions at the molecular level and guide a systematic approach towards optimizing glyconanoassembly binding parameters.
In Situ pH Modulation for Enhanced Chemical Sensing: Strategies and Applications
Authors: Steininger Fabian , Koren Klaus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractpH is one of the key parameters in chemistry and impacts almost all chemical and biological processes. Also, within analytical chemistry and sensing, pH plays a critical role. This review underscores the critical role of pH manipulation in overcoming analytical challenges posed by complex sample matrices and dynamic environmental conditions. It explores the available tools to control pH at a local scale and how those are or can be applied to improve sensor performance. We focus on four key areas where pH modulation has been or could be leveraged to advance chemical sensing capabilities: i) sensing alkalinity and buffer capacity, ii) sample pretreatment, iii) sensing pH dependent analytes and iv) reducing biofouling. We analyze existing strategies, but also try to identify unexplored possibilities which may have potential and can be exploited for sensing.
Light‐activated 3D printed fish‐like actuator
Authors: Pendlmayr Stefan , Ramos‐Docampo Miguel Alexandre , Bento David H. , Brodszkij Edit , Juhl Dennis Wilkens , Nielsen Niels Chr , Städler Brigitte 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydrogel‐based actuators are innovative materials that exhibit responsive and dynamic behavior in response to external stimuli, making them promising candidates for a wide range of applications in fields such as soft robotics. We employ 3D printing to create layered rectangles, using a passive ink composed of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and an active ink consisting of GelMA and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). Our aim is to assess and compare the bending capabilities of these structures based on their layer arrangements in a buffer above the lower critical solution temperature. Therefore, an asymmetric rectangular structure is selected as the shape‐changing component in the tail of a 3D printed fish‐shaped hydrogel actuator. We show that gold nanostars integrated into the actuators serve as photothermal elements, enabling the fish tail to repeatedly bend when near infrared light is turned on and off. Our effort illustrates the potential of combining 3D printing, responsive hydrogels and photothermal elements with near infrared light towards soft robotic applications. This combination yields actuators capable of shape‐shifting without requiring localized light or transitioning between environments with varying temperatures.
Optimized poly(methyl methacrylate)/mixed‐phase silver vanadate nanocomposites with tuned optical properties and hydrophobicity
Authors: Yousef Ezz , Ali M. K. M. , Allam Nageh K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe fast advancements in technology have generated significant interest in optoelectronic materials. Nevertheless, the difficulty of creating affordable materials with exceptional optical characteristics is an ongoing challenge. Therefore, the objective of this work was to tune the optical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by embedding silver vanadate (SV) in the polymer matrix. Moreover, the wettability test of the fabricated composite membranes showed a hydrophobic behavior, with the PMMA film containing 0.6 wt.% SV showed a contact angle of 86.75 ± 0.7°. Furthermore, SV showed high thermal stability with a maximum weight loss of 0.74% at 830°C, which is very high thermal stability at high temperatures. In addition, the 0.6 wt.% SV@PMMA film exhibited a maximum weight loss of 96.7% at 785°C. Moreover, the 0.6 wt.% SV@PMMA film showed the lowest indirect band gap energy (2.02 eV) compared to the other films and pure SV NPs. The findings demonstrate the potential of the synthesized films for optoelectronic applications.
Recent Advances in Direct Regioselective C−H Chlorination at Aromatic and Aliphatic
Authors: Kachore Ankit , Aggarwal Varun , Bala Ekta , Singh Hemant , Guleria Saksham , Sharma Sakshi , Pathan Sameer , Saima  , Selvaraj Manickam , Assiri Mohammed A. , Kumar Verma Praveen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDirect installation of key functionalities in a molecule through C−H bond activation is one of the thrust areas as well as challenging task in organic synthesis. Particularly, introduction of chlorine in a molecule imparts additional benefits for further functionalizations as well as improves the electronic behaviour such as lipophilicity and polarity towards drug development process. The chlorinated molecules have also been established as efficient biologically relevant scaffolds. Current manuscript has been focused on the direct installation of the chlorine atom at various aromatic and aliphatic positions to produce functional molecules. The key highlight of the manuscript belongs to the site selectivity (regioselectivity) for the installation of chlorine functionality. Manuscript describes the advanced methods developed for the direct C−H chlorination reactions and further simplified for the chlorination reactions at various positions including aromatic (o‐, m‐, and p‐), benzylic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic positions. Directing groups (DGs) and the coordination with the catalyst is the key for the enhancement of regioselectivities during direct C−H chlorination reactions.
A novel equivalent reciprocal convex combination technique to sampled‐data master–slave synchronization for chaotic Lur'e systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Ji Wenchengyu , Jiang Yulian , Wang Shenquan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor a class of master–slave (M‐S) systems in chaotic Lur'e systems with time‐varying delays, a sampled‐data synchronization controller is designed, and a new synchronization stability condition is proposed in the form of linear matrix inequality. A novel Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional (LKF) is constructed by using the looped‐functional method, and the positive definiteness condition of LKF including sampled‐data parts is exchanged with a looping condition by constructing a functional, which should be equal at adjacent sampling times. The M‐S synchronization condition is obtained utilizing the equivalent reciprocal convex combination approach combined with Bessel‐Legendre integral inequality to estimate the LKF derivative. Different from previous methods, due to fully utilizing both nonlinearity and state information at the sampling time via the integral of error systems from the sampling time to current one, the M‐S synchronization condition is less conservative, and obtained sampled‐data controller possesses a longer sampling period. Finally, two numerical examples verify the superiority and validity of the approach.
Language growth in verbal autistic children from 5 to 11 years
Authors: Brignell Amanda , Williams Katrina J. , Reilly Sheena , Morgan Angela T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo examine predictors and growth in language for verbal autistic and non‐autistic children with/without low language from 4 to 11 years. Receptive and expressive language trajectories were compared in a community sample of 1026 children at ages 5, 7, and 11 years, across four groups: two autistic groups; one with and one without low language; and two non‐autistic groups; one with and one without low language. Groups were delineated on baseline assessment at 4 years. Non‐autistic and autistic children with low language had lower mean expressive language scores than the non‐autistic typical language group (22.26 and 38.53 units lower, respectively, p < 0.001), yet demonstrated faster language growth across 5 to 11 years (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Both groups without low language had similar mean expressive language scores (p = 0.864) and a comparable rate of growth (p = 0.645). Language at 4 years was the only consistent predictor of language at 11 years for autistic children. Results were similar for receptive language in all analyses except there was no significant difference in rate of progress (slope) for the autistic with low language group compared with the typical language group (p = 0.272). Findings suggest early language ability, rather than a diagnosis of autism, is key to determining language growth and outcomes at 11 years in verbal children. Furthermore, children with low language showed developmental acceleration compared with same age peers.
Loneliness in daily life: A comparison between youths with autism spectrum disorders and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS)
Authors: Feller Clémence , Ilen Laura , Eliez Stephan , Schneider Maude 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLoneliness is a negative emotional experience that can stem from a gap between desires and the reality of social relationships. It is also a predictor of mental health. Loneliness is therefore important to investigate in neurodevelopmental populations known for having difficulties in the social sphere. This co‐registered study involved 48 youths with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), 54 youths with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and 65 typically developing youths (TD) aged 12–30. State loneliness was assessed with an ecological momentary assessment. Paper–pencil questionnaires assessing attitude toward aloneness, trait loneliness, and mental health, were completed by the youths and their caregivers. A comparable level of state loneliness between clinical groups and TD were found, with greater loneliness when alone than in a social context. Clinical groups showed a greater intra‐individual variability. Both individuals with ASD and 22q11DS revealed a greater affinity toward being alone than TD, but only individuals with ASD reported greater trait loneliness. However, no significant association was found between attitude toward aloneness, trait and state loneliness. Emotional reactivity to loneliness was different between the clinical groups. Self‐reported mental health only was associated with loneliness in the clinical groups. These results provide new insights into the understanding of loneliness in these clinical populations and have an impact on clinical care by highlighting the need to remain vigilant when encountering youths who report feeling lonely, and that these youths need to be supported in developing their social network, which appears to be a protective factor against loneliness.
An activatable azophenyl fluorescent probe for hypoxic fluorescence imaging in living cells
Authors: Liu Zhiyang , Zhang Zongyu , Li Juping , Zhu Guanqun , Li Quan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCellular hypoxia is a common pathological process in various diseases. Detecting cellular hypoxia is of great scientific significance for early diagnosis of tumors. The hypoxia fluorescence probe analysis method can efficiently and conveniently evaluate the hypoxia status in tumor cells. These probes are covalently linked by hypoxic recognition groups and organic fluorescent molecules. Currently, the fluorescent molecules used in these probes often exhibit the aggregation‐caused quenching effect, which is not conducive to fluorescence imaging in water. Herein, an activatable hypoxia fluorescence probe was constructed by covalently linking aggregation‐induced emission luminogens to the hypoxic recognition group azobenzene. It does not emit fluorescence in solution and in solid state under light excitation due to the presence of photosensitive azo bonds. It can be cleaved by intracellular azoreductase into fluorescent amino derivatives with aggregation‐induced emission characteristic. As the concentration of oxygen in cells decreases, its fluorescence intensity increases, making it suitable for fluorescence imaging to detect hypoxic environment in live cancer cells. This work broadens the molecular design approach for activatable hypoxia fluorescent probes.
A rare case report of heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy in the 8th week of gestation that was managed successfully by exploratory laparotomy with dilation and curettage
Authors: Karbasi Mahsa , Aletaha Reza , Ahangar‐Sirous Ramin , Alamdari Amir Honarmand , Gharepapagh Esmaeil , Rezaei Sahar 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageSwift and precise identification of heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy, coupled with standardized treatment approaches for handling possible serious complications, form an essential component in reaching favorable outcomes for patients experiencing this rare type of pregnancy.AbstractHeterotopic pregnancy (HP) denotes a form of multiple gestation where intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies coexist. Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy, on the other hand, involves the implantation of a fetus over the previous cesarean scar. This condition poses a significant risk of uterine rupture, which may lead to serious health complications, and even death. We report a case of a fit 37‐year‐old woman with two previous cesarean deliveries who was diagnosed with a heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy at 8 weeks gestation following symptoms of lower abdominal pain and delayed menstruation. Both pregnancies demonstrated cardiac activity and the portion of the myometrium located between the bladder wall and the gestational sac was noted to exhibit considerable thinness. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy coupled with dilation and curettage and recovered uneventfully. The proper management of a HCSP requires timely diagnosis through ultrasonography. Early diagnosis allows for immediate intervention to prevent complications such as uterine rupture or potentially lethal bleeding.