bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Outcome of Late versus Early Ileostomy Closure at Low Body Weight (<1500 g) in Babies with Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Pan Pradyumna 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
The aim of this study is to determine the surgical outcome of ileostomy closure at low body weight (<1500 g) and to find any differences in complications and growth of infants whose ileostomy was reversed early (4–6 weeks) versus late (8–10 weeks).

Methods:
A prospective comparative study was conducted on patients who underwent ileostomy reversal created for necrotizing enterocolitis from January 2017 to December 2019. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (early ileostomy closure) between 4 and 6 weeks and Group 2 (late closure) between 8 and 10 weeks. The primary outcome was expressed as the presence of anastomotic leak, obstruction, perforation, wound infection, sepsis, and death.

Results:
A cohort of 31 patients with 16 patients in Group 1 and 15 in Group 2 were studied. The mean duration between ostomy creation and reversal was 5.1 ± 0.63 weeks in Group 1 and 8.9 ± 0.66 weeks in Group 2. The mean weight at reversal was 1435.5 ± 163.8 g for patients in Group 1 and 1405 ± 99.93 g for patients in Group 2. Weight gain at 90 days in Group 1 was 895 ± 85.2 g and in Group 2 was 455 ± 34.6 g, which was statistically significant (P < 0.00001). Parenteral nutrition, ability to reach full enteral nutrition, and total ventilator days, mortality rate, and complications were not statistically different between the groups. The overall survival rate was 87.27%.

Conclusions:
Ileostomy reversal at a lower weight and within 6 weeks was not associated with an increased risk of complications. Early stoma reversal may help in weight gain.
Laparoscopic-Assisted Modified Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty for Rectobulbar Urethral Fistula of Anorectal Malformation
Authors: Agrawal Vikesh , Gupta Saurabh , Liêm Nguyen Thanh , Acharya Himanshu , Sharma Dhananjaya 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Laparoscopic anorectoplasty (LAARP) is useful for the management of rectoprostatic urethral fistula (RPUF), due to easier rectal mobilization, avoidance of posterior sagittal muscular incision, and shorter hospital stay. However, its role in rectobulbar urethral fistula (RBUF) is still debated as there is a chance of urethral diverticulum (UD), due to incomplete dissection. Laparoscopy-assisted modified posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (LAMPSARP) utilizes advantages of LAARP combined with fistula dissection using small sagittal incision preserving puborectalis. The present study compares the results of LAMPSARP with LAARP for correction of RBUF associated with anorectal malformations (ARMs).

Materials and Methods:
All male ARM with RBUF presenting in a tertiary center in Central India (January 2014–January 2016) were included. Low male ARM, RPUF, rectovesical fistula, and congenital pouch colon were excluded. They were randomized into LAARP and LAMPSARP groups. Complications were assessed in terms of anal stenosis, mucosal prolapse, and UD. Kelly's scoring and Krickenbeck scoring were used to assess continence, and visible anal cosmesis scale (VACS) was used to assess wanal cosmesis. Results were statistically analyzed using a comparison of means and 2 × 2 contingency tables.

Results:
Fifty-six colostomized patients with RBUF (26 LAARP, 30 LAMPSARP) were included. Mean operative duration in the LAARP group and LAMPSARP group was 42 ± 10 min and 56 ± 12 min, respectively (P < 0.0001). On mean follow-up of 4.5 years, mucosal prolapse (53.9%) and UD (15.38%) were significantly higher in LAARP group, while anal stenosis was similar. All three, Kelly's score, Krickenbeck score, and VACS, were better (P < 0.05) in the LAMPSARP group.

Conclusion:
Laparoscopy-assisted modified posterior sagittal approach is better for RBUF and offers better surgical outcome.
Meckel's Diverticulum – Clinical Presentation and Pitfalls in Diagnosis in the Pediatric Age Group in Singapore
Authors: Devi Ganakirthana Kalpenya , Goei Anne Hui Yi , Ragavendra Kalyanasundaram , Lim Xuxin , Choo Candy S. C. , Ong Lin Yin , Eu-Leong Teo Harvey James , Laksmi Narasimhan Kannan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to study the presentation of patients who underwent Meckel's diverticulectomy (MD) and utility of pertechnetate Meckel's scan in the diagnosis of MD.

Methods:
The clinical presentation of a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent MD from January 2007 to December 2019 was studied. The modes of presentation, treatment, and the diagnostic utility of pertechnetate Meckel's scans were evaluated. False-positive and false-negative scans were reviewed. The presence of gastric mucosa on histology of Meckel's was correlated with presentation as gastrointestinal bleeding and positive scan results.

Results:
Ninety-nine patients underwent MD. Thirty-five out of 263 (13.3%) Meckel's scans done were positive. There was a male preponderance (86.9%). The peak age of presentation was 0–4 years (rectal bleeding or intestinal obstruction). Only a third of the patients with Meckel's diverticulum Meckel's had a preoperative diagnosis of Meckel's. The sensitivity/specificity of Meckel's scan was higher in patients presenting with painless rectal bleeding. Seven patients were false positive (weak tracer uptake or ectopic uptake) and five were false negative. Two patients with false-negative Meckel's scan, having gastrointestinal bleeding had gastric mucosa on histology of Meckel's.

Conclusion:
Meckel's diverticulum has a male predominance. Meckel's scan has a high sensitivity in the children presenting with fresh painless rectal bleeding but is of limited use in the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum in other forms of presentations. False-positive scans can be anticipated in the presence of weak or ectopic uptake. False-negative scans can occur even in the presence of bleeding and in spite of the presence of gastric mucosa in the Meckel's diverticulum. Laparoscopy is a useful tool in diagnosis and treatment.
Meconium Peritonitis Presenting with Nonimmune Hydrops and Mirror Syndrome
Authors: Mishra Purbasha , Sahoo Tanushree , Mohanty Pankaj K , Som Tapas K , Tripathy Bikasha Bihari , Singh Sweta 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Meconium peritonitis (MP) presenting as hydrops is a rare entity. A 34-week hydropic infant was born to mother diagnosed with a case of nonimmune hydrops. Postnatally, the neonate was diagnosed as a case of MP based on clinical examination and investigations. The neonate underwent exploratory laparotomy which revealed diffuse MP with ileal perforation. She underwent resection of ileal perforation with ileocolic anastomosis. The index case highlights the importance of thorough clinical examination and abdominal X-ray in the diagnosis of MP.
Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of the Extrahepatic Portal Venous Obstruction Publication Landscape
Authors: Dhua Anjan Kumar , Garg Mohit , Yadav Devendra Kumar , Goel Prabudh , Jain Vishesh , Anand Sachit , Verma Ajay 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
A scientometric analysis was conducted to characterize the global research publications in extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO), and state-of-the-art visualization graphics were generated to provide insight into specific bibliometric variables.

Materials and Methods:
The Web of Science database was accessed for research productivity and bibliometric variables of countries, institutions, authors, journals, and content analysis of top-20 cited documents were performed. Collaborative networks and co-occurrence of keywords map were generated using VOSviewer software.

Results:
Two hundred and sixteen records were retrieved with an annual growth rate of 2.53%. India is the leading country in productivity (n = 4339), followed by the USA and China. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, was the top productive institute. Sarin SK was the most prolific author, having the highest citations received and h-index. The hotspot topics were “portal hypertension,” “cirrhosis,” “children,” “biliopathy/cholangiopathy,” “liver fibrosis,” and “liver transplantation” as per keyword co-occurrence networking. J Gastroenterol Hepatol had the most publications of EHPVO research as well the h-index. Regarding collaborative network mapping, the USA and Primignani M were the significant nodes among country and author, respectively.

Conclusion:
EHPVO research publication volume is low but is gradually progressing with dominant contributions from Indian institutes and authors. Most highly cited articles are of low level of evidence, and multi-institutional collaborative research can be the way forward.
Newer Insights into Prostatic Utricle in Proximal Hypospadias
Authors: Sengar Mamta , Khan Niyaz Ahmed , Siddiqui Yousuf , Mohta Anup , Gupta Alisha , Gupta Chhabi Ranu 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Prostatic utricles (PUs) are the remnants of Mullerian ducts found in the male posterior urethra. Enlarged symptomatic utricles are known to be associated with hypospadias. There is a dearth of literature defining an enlarged utricle and also its clinical significance.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to describe anatomical difference of PUs of cases with severe hypospadias and also to find their clinical significance if any.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study was carried out, and all patients with proximal hypospadias were enrolled. Cystoscopy was performed in all cases. Symptomatology, size, and location of PU were recorded. PU of >0.5 cm was considered enlarged.

Results:
In the present series, a total of 70 cases were included over a period of 2 years. Enlarged utricle was found in 47/70 (67.14%) on cystoscopy. They were wide-mouthed and negotiated 9 Fr/11 Fr cystoscope with ease. Recurrent epididymo-orchitis, recurrent urinary tract infection, and obstructive features were the most common complications requiring intervention.

Conclusions:
PUs in boys with hypospadias are enlarged as well as wide-mouthed. Most of these remain asymptomatic, but few of them carry the potential of complications. Cystoscopy helps in direct visualization of utricular anatomy, so it should be a preferred investigating modality for investigating a PU.
Psychiatric Morbidity and its Impact on Quality of Life in Patients with Epilepsy
Authors: Malik Yogender Kumar , Mattoo Surender Kumar , Kharbanda Parampreet Singh , Grover Sandeep 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence psychiatric comorbidities by using a structured diagnostic instrument and it impact on quality of life among patients with idiopathic epilepsy.

Methodology:
Using a cross-sectional study design, 120 patients with idiopathic epilepsy were assessed for psychiatric morbidity by using MiniInternational Psychiatric Interview-PLUS version for psychiatric morbidity and Quality of life in Epilepsy-31 scale. In addition, all the patients were also assessed on Beck Depression Inventory-II and generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) to rate the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively.

Results:
The present study showed that the prevalence of current and lifetime psychiatric diagnosis as per Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-PLUS is 68.3% and 75%, respectively. Among various psychiatric disorders, depressive disorders were the most common (54.16%), followed by GAD (8.3%). In terms of severity of depressive symptoms, 10.8% patients had mild depression, 25.8% moderate depression, and 14.2% had severe depression. On GAD-7, 28.3% were found to have mild, 15% had moderate and 15.8% had severe anxiety. Psychiatric morbidity both current and lifetime was associated with poorer quality of life in all the domains.

Conclusion:
Psychiatric morbidity is highly prevalent in patients with epilepsy and it has significant negative impact on the quality of life. These findings suggest that there is a need for close liaison between the psychiatrist and the neurologist to address psychiatric issues among patients with epilepsy.
Eating Behavior and Stress Levels among College Students
Authors: Aneesh Mitravinda , Roy Rinnu 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Eating behavior of college students is very dynamic. College students tend to have erratic eating patterns because of long study hours in college, high workload, and lack of time.

Aim:
The purpose of the study was to assess the eating behavior and the stress level they experience.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 237 college-going students aged 18–24 years selected via convenience sampling. Information regarding age, sex, household income, place of stay, and self-reported weight and height was collected via an online survey. Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire was used to assess eating behavior and Perceived Stress Scale was used to assess stress levels.

Results:
Two-third of the students had normal body mass index (BMI). Majority of the participants (81.4%) had moderate stress levels. We found that uncontrolled eating (UE) (45%) was the most predominant eating behavior among college students. Linear regression analysis indicated that male gender and perceived stress predicted UE and emotional eating behavior, respectively. On the other hand, female gender and BMI predicted cognitive restraint eating behavior.

Conclusion:
Our study found that distinct eating behaviors are prevalent during the college years itself. Deep-rooted eating behaviors can make way for health risks in the near future. Hence, it is imperative to educate the college students about food and nutrition and also teach healthy stress management strategies.
Knowledge about and Attitude toward Electroconvulsive Therapy among those who Agree and those who Refuse Electroconvulsive Therapy Treatment
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Varadharajan Natarajan , Chakrabarti Subho 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is although one of the most effective treatments in psychiatry, and many a times patients refuse the same. Although, there is information about the knowledge about and attitude towards ECT among people who receive the same, little is known about these among those who refuse ECT.

Aim:
This study attempted to assess and compare the knowledge about and attitude toward ECT in patients with severe mental illness who accepted and refused ECT.

Methodology:
68 patients divided into 3 groups (readily accepted; accepted, with initial reluctance; refused) based on the readiness for ECT were evaluated using ECT knowledge and attitude questionnaire. The higher proportion of those who refused had poor knowledge about the frequency of ECT sessions, investigations required before ECT and believed that ECT can be given against patient and family members' consent. Higher proportion of those who initially refused but later agreed believed that ECT can be given without the patient or family members'consent and it is given only to those patients who are unlikely to improve when compared to those who agreed ECT. Compared to those who agreed spontaneously, higher proportion of the participants in other two groups believed that ECT is not useful in the treatment of psychiatric disorders and they lacked knowledge about headache being a side effect of ECT. In terms of attitude toward ECT, higher proportion of those who refused ECT (n = 24; 89%) had a negative attitude in terms of not recommending the same for their relatives and were reluctant to receive ECT themselves.

Conclusions:
The results highlight that negative perception toward ECT in patients who refuse to receive ECT. Thus, it is essential to convey adequate information about ECT to enhance their understanding and acceptance.
Coping and Cyberchondria in a Pandemic: A Study on Young Adults
Authors: Sam Kathryn Nicole , Jain P Nupur , Arpitha H B , Raghuram Tanvi , Jaikumar Advaith , Chakraborty Rituparna , Rajan Santhosh Kareepadath 
Published: May 2024

Background:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant increase in online health information-seeking (HIS) behavior, leading to increased levels of psychological distress.

Objective:
This study examines whether proactive, preventive, and avoidance coping styles hinder or promote cyberchondria, anxiety characterized by excessive online HIS behavior during the pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
The sample included 286 Indian young adults who responded to the Proactive Coping Inventory and Cyberchondria Severity Scale-12. The data were collected after the rapid spread of COVID-19 in India.

Results:
The correlation analysis revealed that proactive coping had a weak negative relationship with cyberchondria, while avoidance coping had a weak positive relationship. Regression analysis showed proactive coping as an inverse predictor of cyberchondria.

Conclusions:
This study was one of the few that examined the relationship between coping and cyberchondria during the pandemic. The findings provide a foundation for future research on cyberchondria in collectivistic cultures like India.
Postpartum Depression: An Overview of Reviews and Guide for Management
Authors: Rai Bhavika , Dagar Nidhi , Chauhan Devika , Grover Sandeep 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Pregnancy and postpartum periods are one of the most transformative times in a woman’s life, especially the first 3–12 months postpartum. This period holds a great significance from the psychiatric point of view, as women are at an increased risk of developing various psychiatric disorders. In the recent times, many reviews have emerged on various aspects of postpartum depression (PPD).

Aim:
Accordingly this article aims to review the available review articles on various aspects of PPD to have a comprehensive understanding.

Methodology:
For this review, different databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) were searched using different keywords, i.e. depression, post-partum, peripartum, post-natal, peri-natal, post-partum depression, and postnatal depression. All the available reviews and recent articles were reviewed and relevant articles were selected.

Results:
In recent times, data with respect to the epidemiology, risk factors, and various management strategies have been reviewed by different reviews and meta-analyses. Treatment guidelines have also emerged focusing specifically on the PPD. The incidence of PPD is 12%, and the prevalence ranges from 17% to 22%. A host of risk factors have been linked to the development of PPD. A detailed biopsychosocial evaluation is important for the assessment of patients with PPD. Breastfeeding is not a contraindication for the use of antidepressants.

Conclusions:
One in every six females develops PPD after delivery and untreated PPD can have a grievous impact on mother, child, and mother–child interaction. Hence, all women should be screened for depression during the antenatal and postnatal periods.
Emotional Intelligence, Coping Strategies, and Perceived Stress among Doctors during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Soni Ruchi , Agrawal Jai Prakash , Meena Mamta , Dave Lokendra , Sahu Samiksha 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Doctors exhibit significant high stress levels due to an increasing overburdened healthcare system and increased high risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the current pandemic. Stress among doctors has been linked with adverse physical and psychological health. Previous research indicates that perceived stress levels are correlated with emotional intelligence (EI) and with the coping strategies employed by doctors.

Aims and Objectives:
(1) To establish the relationship between perceived stress and emotional intelligence. (2) To evaluate the mediating role of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies in relationship between EI and perceived stress among doctors during the current pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study involving 600 doctors working in dedicated COVID section of reputed medical college from March 2021 to June 2021 recruited for the study. Participants were recruited on-campus through web-based questioners, composed of three validated questionnaires namely Perceived Stress Scale, Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory, and the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test and socio demographic form. Descriptive statistics were used to test the study hypotheses.

Results:
Higher EI was associated with lower perceived stress, and this association was partially mediated by both adaptive and maladaptive coping responses. Higher EI was associated with greater use of adaptive coping and lower use of maladaptive coping, and these, in turn, were negatively and positively, respectively, associated with perceived stress.

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that interventions aimed at increasing emotional intelligence and adaptive coping strategies may help to reduce perceived stress.
The use of LifeVac, a novel airway clearance device, in the assistance of choking victims aged five and under: Results of a retrospective 10-year observational study
Authors: Costable Nicholas J. , Costable John M. , Rabin Glenn 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Choking is a leading cause of injury and death among children under the age of five. Despite notable advances in technology, regulations, and education, the prevalence of choking incidents and related fatalities persists as a global issue, demanding the implementation of improved assistance methods. This study aims to assess the efficacy of an innovative airway clearance device, LifeVac, in aiding children aged 5 and under in choking emergencies.

Subjects

and
Methods: LifeVac LLC maintained a comprehensive database of voluntary reports documenting the utilization of their device in choking emergencies over 10 years, collected through a dedicated website. Collected data included the age and sex of the choking victim, preexisting medical conditions, nature of the object causing airway obstruction, whether basic life support protocol was followed before employing the LifeVac, number of pulls required to dislodge the obstructing object, and adverse events.

Results:
A total of 299 children were reported to have received assistance with the LifeVac device in choking emergencies. The age range of the assisted children varied from 3 days old to 5 years. One hundred and fifty-seven children were boys. There were 19 reports of preexisting conditions. The most common obstructing objects were plastic, mucus, candy, meat, and fruits. The number of pulls required to successfully dislodge the object ranged from 1 to 10. No failures were reported.

Conclusions:
LifeVac should be considered a valuable complement to standard life support techniques in choking emergencies, particularly for at-risk groups such as children under the age of 5.