bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additional slides from residual ThinPrep Pap tests: Of potential diagnostic benefit in equivocal cases?
Authors: Grapsa D. , Ioakim‐Liossi A. , Stergiou E. , Petrakakou E. , Nicolopoulou‐Stamati P. , Patsouris E. , Athanassiadou P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to further evaluate the diagnostic significance of additional slides prepared from residual ThinPrep (TP) Pap Tests. Up to 10 repeat slides were prepared from 105 residual TP cervical samples. All additional slides were evaluated for the presence of diagnostic elements which were not found on the primary TP slide. After the evaluation of the repeat slides, an upgraded diagnosis was noted in 15 cases (14.3%). The reclassified cases included: three negative cases reclassified as two ASC‐US and as one LSIL, seven cases of ASC‐US reclassified as six LSIL and as one HSIL, and five cases of LSIL reclassified as HSIL. The highest rate (7/15 cases, 46.7%) of cases with an upgraded diagnosis was noted in the ASC‐US diagnostic category. Our results suggest that repeat processing of residual TP cervical samples may represent an adjunctive diagnostic tool for a more accurate classification of ASC‐US cases. Nevertheless, the practical value of this approach seems to be limited by its significant cost and its uncertain effectiveness. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FNA in diagnosis of orbital lesions causing proptosis in adults
Authors: Singhal Niti , Mundi Irneet Kaur , Handa Uma , Punia R. P. S. , Mohan Harsh 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe orbit is affected by a wide range of pathologic lesions, for which a morphologic diagnosis is needed to allow adequate therapy. With increasing use of fine needle aspiration (FNA) in diagnostic pathology, the procedure has been applied for the diagnosis of space occupying lesions of the orbit. We present the cytomorphological diagnosis on orbital FNA in adult patients presenting with proptosis.Records of seven adult patients who had presented with proptosis and had undergone orbital FNA were retrieved and analysed. FNA was performed from the palpable mass in six cases and under ultrasound guidance in one case. No complication during or after FNA was reported in any of the cases. Histopathological diagnosis was available in 5 cases.Out of the 7 cases, 3 were non‐neoplastic (2 inflammatory lesions, 1 reactive lymphoid hyperplasia) and 4 were neoplastic (2 primary tumors and 2 secondary involvement). Both the primary tumors were non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) B‐cell type. Metastases included one case of uterine sarcomatoid carcinoma and one case of secondary involvement by extension of olfactory neuroblastoma. In all the neoplastic cases, cytological diagnosis corresponded with the histopathological diagnosis.It can be concluded that cause of proptosis among adults are different from those among children and include secondary malignancies. FNA is a simple and important preliminary diagnostic modality in the assessment of adult proptosis prior to any surgical intervention. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of DNA flow cytometry and immunocytochemical analysis in diagnosis of malignant effusions
Authors: Kundu Reetu , Handa Uma , Mohan Harsh 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBody cavity fluid examination sometimes presents a diagnostic challenge in cytology practice. This study was undertaken to evaluate efficacy of cytomorphology, epithelial membrane antigen immunocytochemistry (EMA‐ICC) and DNA flow cytometry (FCM) in detection of malignant cells in effusions.One hundred effusions (55 pleural, 44 ascitic, and 1 pericardial fluid) were studied by cytology, EMA, and FCM. There were 29 malignant and 71 benign cases. On cytology, 28 of 29 malignant cases were diagnosed. With no false positives, the sensitivity and specificity was 96.55% and 100% respectively. FCM detected aneuploidy in 85.71% of cytologically malignant and 4.17% of cytologically benign effusions. EMA was positive in 75% of cytologically malignant and 4.17% of cytologically benign cases. EMA had lower sensitivity than cytology; 75.86% versus 96.55%. Sensitivity and specificity of FCM was 86.21%, and 97.18% respectively. FCM had lower sensitivity than cytology; 86.21% versus 96.55%. Sensitivity increased to 100% (P < 0.05) when the combinations of cytology plus EMA or cytology plus ploidy were applied compared to cytology alone (96.55%). Also, the combination of cytology plus EMA had higher sensitivity than EMA alone (100% versus 75.86%, P < 0.05) and combined cytology plus ploidy had higher sensitivity than ploidy alone (100% versus 86.21%, P < 0.05).The study demonstrates the usefulness of EMA‐ICC and DNA FCM as adjuncts to cytology to diagnose malignancy in effusions. FCM in combination with ICC can be further developed to reduce number of false‐negative cases on cytology and add objectivity to cytologically doubtful or equivocal cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A functional scaffold of CNS neurons for the vertebrates: The developing Xenopus laevis spinal cord
Authors: Roberts Alan , Li Wen‐Chang , Soffe Stephen R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn young and developing amphibians and fish the spinal cord is functional but remarkably simple compared with the adult. Is the pattern of neurons and their connections common across at least these lower vertebrates? Does this basic pattern extend into the brainstem? Could the development of simple functioning neuronal networks depend on very basic rules of connectivity and act as pioneer networks providing a substrate for the development of more complex and subtle networks. In this review of the functional neuron classes in the Xenopus laevis tadpole spinal cord up to hatching, we will consider progress and difficulties in using anatomy, transcription factor expression, physiology, and activity to define spinal neuron types. Even here it is not straightforward and is rarely possible to bring all the different strands of evidence together. But, we think we have a rather complete picture of the hatchling tadpole spinal neuron types and can define clear roles for most of them in behavior. Our present knowledge about the hatchling Xenopus spinal cord should set up many of the problems to be unraveled in the future by more developmentally oriented research. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 575–584, 2012
Treatment with the TLR7 agonist R848 induces regulatory T‐cell‐mediated suppression of established asthma symptoms
Authors: Pham Van Linh , Bardel Emilie , Gregoire Sylvie , Vanoirbeek Jeroen , Schneider Elke , Dy Michel , Thieblemont Nathalie 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe evolution of allergic asthma is tightly controlled by effector and regulatory cells, as well as cytokines such as IL‐10 and/or TGF‐β, and it is widely acknowledged that environmental exposure to allergens and infectious agents can influence these processes. In this context, the recognition of pathogen‐associated motifs, which trigger TLR activation pathways, plays a critical role with important consequences for disease progression and outcome. We addressed the question whether the TLR7 ligand resiquimod (R848), which has been shown to be protective in several experimental allergic asthma protocols, can also suppress typical asthma symptoms once the disease is established. To this end, we used an OVA‐induced experimental model of murine allergic asthma in which R848 was injected after a series of challenges with aerosolized OVA. We found that the treatment attenuated allergic symptoms through a mechanism that required Tregs, as assessed by the expansion of this population in the lungs of mice having received R848, and the loss of R848‐mediated suppression of allergic responses after in vivo Treg depletion. IL‐10 provided only a minor contribution to this suppressive effect that was largely mediated through a TGF‐β‐dependent pathway, a finding that opens new therapeutic opportunities for the pharmacological targeting of Tregs.
Recognition of yeast nucleic acids triggers a host‐protective type I interferon response
Authors: Biondo Carmelo , Signorino Giacomo , Costa Alessandro , Midiri Angelina , Gerace Elisabetta , Galbo Roberta , Bellantoni Antonella , Malara Antonio , Beninati Concetta , Teti Giuseppe , Mancuso Giuseppe 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAlthough type I interferons (IFN‐α/β) have been traditionally associated with antiviral responses, their importance in host defense against bacterial pathogens is being increasingly appreciated. Little is known, however, about the occurrence and functional role of IFN‐α/β production in response to pathogenic yeasts. Here, we found that conventional DCs, but not macrophages nor plasmacytoid DCs, mounted IFN‐β responses after in vitro stimulation with Candida spp. or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These responses absolutely required MyD88, a Toll‐like receptor (TLR) adaptor molecule, and were partially dependent on TLR9 and TLR7. Moreover, Candida DNA, as well as RNA, could recapitulate the IFN‐β response. After intravenous challenge with Candida albicans, most mice lacking the IFN‐α/β receptor died from their inability to control fungal growth, whereas all WT controls survived. These data suggest that recognition of yeast nucleic acids by TLR7 and TLR9 triggers a host‐protective IFN‐α/β response.
Shelf‐life prediction of perilla oil by considering the induction period of lipid oxidation
Authors: Shim Soo Dong , Lee Seung Ju 
Published: April 2011

AbstractKinetic models for the induction period (IP) of lipid oxidation were developed to predict the shelf‐life of perilla oil during storage. The degree of lipid oxidation was measured in terms of peroxide values (PV). The perilla oil was stored in the dark at various temperatures. The IP was measured at the intersection point of two linear lines and in terms of time and PV at the IP. The IP was expressed by an Arrhenius‐like relationship. Before and after the IP, the reaction followed pseudo‐zero‐order kinetics. The oxidation degrees according to storage times were computed by considering the variables, IP and reaction rate constants. The prediction model equation that was developed to determine shelf‐life is more accurate than in previous studies. Conclusively, considering the IP of lipid oxidation is essential for predicting the shelf‐life of perilla oil and is expected to be applicable to other vegetable oils.Practical applications: In kinetic modeling for shelf‐life estimation in terms of lipid oxidation, induction period (IP) is rarely considered. Thus the estimation of peroxide values (PV) from such models might be inaccurate. The IP was observed in perilla oil oxidation and kinetic models involving the IP were developed. This work enables a better estimation of oxidation. Besides, a shelf‐life diagram of perilla oil has been constructed as a valuable tool for quality control in the food industry.
Determination of polyphenols, tocopherols, and antioxidant capacity in virgin argan oil (Argania spinosa, Skeels)
Authors: Marfil Rocío , Giménez Rafael , Martínez Olga , Bouzas Paula R. , Rufián‐Henares José A. , Mesías Marta , Cabrera‐Vique Carmen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study establishes data on polyphenols, tocopherols, and antioxidant capacity (AC) of virgin argan oil. A total of 22 samples from Morocco were analyzed. Total polyphenol content ranged between 6.07 and 152.04 mg GAE/kg. Total tocopherols varied between 427.0 and 654.0 mg/kg, being γ‐tocopherol the major fraction (84.68%); α‐, β‐, and δ‐tocopherols represent 7.75, 0.33, and 7.29%, respectively. No influence of oil extraction method on total tocopherols was observed. The AC of argan virgin oils determined by the ABTS method in n‐hexane oils dilution ranged between 14.16 and 28.02 mmol Trolox/kg, and by the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP methods in methanolic oil extracts between 2.31–14.15, 0.19–0.87, and 0.62–2.32 mmol Trolox/kg, respectively. A high correlation was found between ABTS and DPPH methods applied to a methanolic oil extract. Virgin argan oil presents a higher polyphenol and tocopherol content, and total AC than other edible vegetable oils.
Viscosity and rheological behavior of castor–canola mixture
Authors: Mirzayi Behruz , Heydari Amir , Noori Leyla , Arjomand Roghayye 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this work, the effects of shear rate on viscosity of selected pure food grade oils (castor and canola) are investigated. The rheological behavior of castor–canola oil mixture is also studied through modeling the experimental data. The effect of shear rate on the variation of viscosity was clearly observed. Interpretations of the results from rheological models indicate that these food grade oils belong to pseudo‐plastic category. The results also show that among the six used mixing rules, Grunberg–Nissan model seems very well fitted to the experimental data.
Neighbouring Formyl Group Assisted Oxidation of o‐Alkynylarenecarbaldehydes by an Iodine/Water System
Authors: Sakthivel Karuppusamy , Srinivasan Kannupal 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe oxidation of o‐alkynylarenecarbaldehydes into tricarbonyl compounds by an iodine/water system is described. The reaction takes place via isochromenol intermediates formed by intramolecular assistance of the formyl group. The procedure was applied to various o‐alkynylarenecarbaldehydes to afford the corresponding products in good to excellent yields.
Building Heterocyclic Systems with RC(OR)2+ Carbocations in Recyclable Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquids: Facile Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 1H‐1,2,3,4‐Tetrazoles, Benzazoles and Other Ring Systems with CH(OEt)3 and EtC(OEt)3 in [EtNH3][NO3] and [PMIM(SO3H)][OTf]
Authors: Aridoss Gopalakrishnan , Laali Kenneth K. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract1‐Aryl/alkyl‐1H‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazoles can conveniently be synthesized in one‐pot reactions from the corresponding amines by reaction with TMSN3 and CH(OEt)3 using the readily available, recyclable, Brønsted acidic ionic liquids [EtNH3][NO3] IL‐1 and [PMIM(SO3 H)][OTf] IL‐2 under mild conditions in high yields. Based on comparative reactions, whereas both ILs are excellent promoters, reactions are completed with shorter reaction times and in higher yields with IL‐2. Among 24 examples provided, identical products were obtained via the two ILs, except in the case of 2‐aminobenzoic acid where tetrazole was formed with IL‐2 and 2‐ethylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one was formed with IL‐1. By leaving out TMS‐N3 from the reaction, the in‐situ formed CH(OEt)2+ and EtC(OEt)2+ (via their corresponding orthoesters) react under sonication with o‐phenylenediamine bearing various substituents, o‐aminothiophenol and o‐aminophenol to form a wide array of benzazoles (benzimidazole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole) and quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one in high yields (18 examples). The two ILs reacted differently in reaction with 2‐aminobenzamide, whereas quinazolin‐4(3H)one was formed with IL‐2/CH(OEt)3, the “unexpected” N‐ethylquinazolin‐4(3H)one was isolated with IL‐1/CH(OEt)3. The latter was also formed from 2‐aminobenzoic acid in IL‐1/CH(OEt)3. Mechanistic implications are addressed. The reported protocols enable rapid assembly of a host of heterocyclic systems in high yields with the added advantage of recycling and re‐use of the ILs.
Algorithms for interface treatment and load computation in embedded boundary methods for fluid and fluid–structure interaction problems
Authors: Wang K. , Rallu A. , Gerbeau J.‐F. , Farhat C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEmbedded boundary methods for CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simplify a number of issues. These range from meshing the fluid domain, to designing and implementing Eulerian‐based algorithms for fluid–structure applications featuring large structural motions and/or deformations. Unfortunately, embedded boundary methods also complicate other issues such as the treatment of the wall boundary conditions in general, and fluid–structure transmission conditions in particular. This paper focuses on this aspect of the problem in the context of compressible flows, the finite volume method for the fluid, and the finite element method for the structure. First, it presents a numerical method for treating simultaneously the fluid pressure and velocity conditions on static and dynamic embedded interfaces. This method is based on the exact solution of local, one‐dimensional, fluid–structure Riemann problems. Next, it describes two consistent and conservative approaches for computing the flow‐induced loads on rigid and flexible embedded structures. The first approach reconstructs the interfaces within the CFD solver. The second one represents them as zero level sets, and works instead with surrogate fluid/structure interfaces. For example, the surrogate interfaces obtained simply by joining contiguous segments of the boundary surfaces of the fluid control volumes that are the closest to the zero level sets are explored in this work. All numerical algorithms presented in this paper are applicable with any embedding CFD mesh, whether it is structured or unstructured. Their performance is illustrated by their application to the solution of three‐dimensional fluid–structure interaction problems associated with the fields of aeronautics and underwater implosion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative WD‐XRF calibration for small ceramic samples and their source material
Authors: De Vleeschouwer François , Renson Virginie , Claeys Philippe , Nys Karin , Bindler Richard 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WD‐XRF) calibration is developed for small powdered samples (300mg) with the purpose of analyzing ceramic artifacts that might be available only in limited quantity. This is compared to a conventional calibration using a larger sample mass (2g). The comparison of elemental intensities obtained in both calibrations shows that the decrease in analyzed sample mass results in a linear decrease in measured intensity for the analyzed elements. This indicates that the small‐ and large‐sample calibrations are comparable. Moreover, the elemental contents of four ceramic sherds and two potential clay sources fall well within the range of the certified reference materials that are the basis of the calibration curves. The advantage with the analytical method presented here is that it is rapid and requires only a small amount of sample that can easily be re‐used for further analyses. This method has great potential in ceramic provenance studies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors predictive of severity of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible
Authors: Chopra Shamit , Kamdar Dev , Tulunay Ugur Ozlem E. , Chen George , Peshek Brian , Marunick Mark , Kim Harold , Lin Ho‐Sheng , Jacobs John 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundAn analysis of risk factors predictive of severe mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is needed to aid prophylaxis and management of this condition.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 46 patients diagnosed between June 2002 and March 2009: 93% had mandibular ORN, which was staged 0 to III (Store and Boysen). Patient, tumor, treatment‐related, and other variables were analyzed for association with mandibular ORN severity.ResultsOral or oropharyngeal tumors comprised 85% of our primary tumors, 80% were stage IV, and 91% were squamous cell carcinomas. Most patients (87%) received 3‐dimensional (3D) conformal radiation therapy (RT), with 60 Gray (Gy) median dose; 28% and 72% received primary and adjuvant RT, respectively; 78% received chemotherapy, mostly concurrent (97%) and platinum‐based (96%). Median time to development of ORN was 7.5 months. White ethnicity and secondary infection correlated significantly with stage III mandibular ORN (p = .038, p = .0007, respectively). Advanced age, stage IV, RT dose, post‐RT, and lack of pre‐RT dental extractions appeared predictive of severe mandibular ORN.ConclusionsThe above‐cited factors are predictive of severity and can potentially guide prophylaxis and management. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011.
Effective treatment of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene–induced hamster buccal pouch precancerous lesions by topical photosan‐mediated photodynamic therapy
Authors: Chiang Chun‐Pin , Huang Wan‐Ting , Lee Jeng‐Woei , Hsu Yih‐Chih 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies found that topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is very effective for human oral precancerous lesions.MethodsThis study evaluated whether topical photosan‐mediated PDT (topical photosan–PDT), using a 640‐nm light‐emitting diode (LED) light, is an effective treatment modality for hamster buccal pouch precancerous lesions. Fourteen 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)–induced hamster buccal pouch precancerous lesions were treated with topical photosan–PDT using the 640‐nm LED light twice a week.ResultsAll 14 of the precancerous lesions showed a complete histologically confirmed response to the lesions after an average of 3.79 (range, 3–5) PDT treatments. Normal and precancerous pouch mucosae in the other 4 hamsters received 17 or 19 treatments of topical photosan–PDT showed no cumulative side effects. No recurrence of the lesions was found in these 18 PDT‐treated hamsters after a follow‐up period of 50 weeks.ConclusionOur findings indicate that topical photosan–PDT is a very effective treatment modality for DMBA‐induced hamster buccal pouch precancerous lesions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012.
A new apparatus for measuring total hemispherical emittance of surfaces at room temperature
Authors: Wakabayashi Hidenobu , Makino Toshiro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRadiation heat transfer is an important mode of heat transfer even in our life space at room temperature. Such radiation heat transfer is evaluated mostly by calculating the radiation energy exchange among surfaces in an enclosure. For this evaluation, knowledge of the hemispherical emittances of the constituent life surfaces is needed. However, there has not been a suitable technique for measuring the emittance of each surface in the life space at room temperature. In the present work we develop a new apparatus for measuring total hemispherical emittances of real surfaces at room temperature. The apparatus consists of a total radiation flux meter and a Peltier element cooler to cool the flux meter surface from the back, and measure the net total radiation flux from the specimen surface to the surrounding surfaces to determine the total hemispherical emittance of the specimen surface. This apparatus is effective to measure total hemispherical emittances of surfaces at room temperature on site. We apply the developed apparatus to measure the total hemispherical emittances of various surfaces in the life space, such as metals, human skin, cloth, floor mat, wood, glass, brick tile, stone, cement, plant leaves, etc., and demonstrate the feasibility of the apparatus. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20349