bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of daily movement of dairy cattle to fresh grass in morning or afternoon on intake, grazing behaviour, rumen fermentation and milk production
Authors: ABRAHAMSE P. A. , TAMMINGA S. , DIJKSTRA J. 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYTwenty Holstein cows were split into two equal groups to test the effect of daily move to a previously ungrazed strip after morning milking (MA) or afternoon milking (AA) on herbage intake, grazing behaviour, rumen characteristics and milk production using a randomized block design with three periods of 14 days each. Milking took place at 06.00 and 16.00 h. The chemical composition of grass was similar between treatments, but an interaction between treatment and time of sampling was found in all variables except acid detergent lignin (ADL). The most pronounced differences existed in sugar content. Grass sugar content was greatest following afternoon milking. However, the difference in sugar content in grass was much larger in MA (158v114 g/kg dry matter (DM) at 16.00 and 06.00 h, respectively) than in AA (147v129 g/kg DM at 16.00 and 06.00 h, respectively). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was significantly higher at 06.00 h than at 16.00 h (469v425 g/kg DM) in AA, but was equal between morning and afternoon in MA (453 g/kg DM). Herbage intake, determined using the n-alkane technique, did not differ between treatments. Grazing behaviour observed using IGER graze recorders were similar between treatments, except for ruminating time, bite rate and the number of ruminations and boli per period of the day. However, interactions between treatment and time in grazing behaviour variables were found. Grazing time was longer and number of bites was greater following allocation to a new plot (after milking in the morning in MA or milking in the afternoon in AA) when compared to allocation to the same plot after the subsequent milking per treatment (after milking in the afternoon or morning in MA and AA, respectively). In comparison to AA, grazing time in MA was more evenly distributed during the day but lower during the night. The combined effects of differences in grazing behaviour and chemical composition of the grass between treatments in different periods of the day probably caused higher intake of sugars in AA, resulting in a significantly higher non-glucogenic to glucogenic volatile fatty acid ratio (NGR) in the rumen in AA than MA. Milk fat content was lower in MA than AA, but milk production and milk protein and lactose content did not differ. In conclusion, time of allocation to a fresh plot altered the distribution of grazing behaviour variables over the day, and affected NGR and milk fat content, but herbage intake and milk production were not changed.
Heterogeneous Beliefs and Momentum Profits
Authors: Verardo Michela 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRecent theoretical models derive return continuation in a setting where investors have heterogeneous beliefs or receive heterogeneous information. This paper tests the link between heterogeneity of beliefs and return continuation in the cross-section of U.S. stock returns. Heterogeneity of beliefs about a firm’s fundamentals is measured by the dispersion in analyst forecasts of earnings. The results show that momentum profits are significantly larger for portfolios characterized by higher heterogeneity of beliefs. Predictive cross-sectional regressions show that heterogeneity of beliefs has a positive effect on return continuation after controlling for a stock’s visibility, the speed of information diffusion, uncertainty about fundamentals, information precision, and volatility. The results in this paper are robust to the potential presence of short-sale constraints and are not explained by arbitrage risk.
Asymptotic growth of algebras associated to powers of ideals
Authors: CUTKOSKY STEVEN DALE , HERZOG JÜRGEN , SRINIVASAN HEMA 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe study generalized symbolic powers and form ideals of powers and compare their growth with the growth of ordinary powers, and we discuss the question of when the graded rings attached to symbolic powers or to form ideals of powers are finitely generated.
Chern classes of blow-ups
Authors: ALUFFI PAOLO 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe extend the classical formula of Porteous for blowing-up Chern classes to the case of blow-ups of possibly singular varieties along regularly embedded centers. The proof of this generalization is perhaps conceptually simpler than the standard argument for the nonsingular case, involving Riemann–Roch without denominators. The new approach relies on the explicit computation of an ideal, and a mild generalization of a well-known formula for the normal bundle of a proper transform ([8, B·6·10]).We also discuss alternative, very short proofs of the standard formula in some cases: an approach relying on the theory of Chern–Schwartz–MacPherson classes (working in characteristic 0), and an argument reducing the formula to a straightforward computation of Chern classes for sheaves of differential 1-forms with logarithmic poles (when the center of the blow-up is a complete intersection).
Multisymplectic structures and the variational bicomplex
Authors: BRIDGES THOMAS J. , HYDON PETER E. , LAWSON JEFFREY K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMultisymplecticity and the variational bicomplex are two subjects which have developed independently. Our main observation is that re-analysis of multisymplectic systems from the view of the variational bicomplex not only is natural but also generates new fundamental ideas about multisymplectic Hamiltonian PDEs. The variational bicomplex provides a natural grading of differential forms according to their base and fibre components, and this structure generates a new relation between the geometry of the base, covariant multisymplectic PDEs and the conservation of symplecticity. Our formulation also suggests a new view of Noether theory for multisymplectic systems, leading to a definition of multimomentum maps that we apply to give a coordinate-free description of multisymplectic relative equilibria. Our principal example is the class of multisymplectic systems on the total exterior algebra bundle over a Riemannian manifold.
Are snacking patterns associated with risk of overweight among Kahnawake schoolchildren?
Authors: Mercille Genevieve , Receveur Olivier , Macaulay Ann C 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo understand more specifically how the quality, quantity and frequency of snack food consumption differs in different BMI categories.DesignFour hundred and forty-nine school-aged children (grade 4–6) from a Kanien’kehaka (Mohawk) community provided a 24 h recall and their height and weight in 1994, 1998 and 2002, in three independent cross-sectional samples. Food consumed between two consecutive meals was defined as a snacking occasion. ANOVA and χ2 tests were used to compare food choices between BMI categories according to food quality criteria and food groups in 2006. Logistic regression models were performed to compare results between normal-weight children and those at risk of overweight and between normal-weight and overweight children.ResultsEnergy intake from snacks tended to be higher for children at risk of overweight, compared with the other two BMI categories. Food groups with a higher energy density were also consumed more frequently by these children, with larger average portions of cereal bars (P < 0·05). Except for dessert consumption, which was less frequent among overweight children, no other variable distinguished risk of overweight in the two logistic regression models tested.ConclusionsDifferences detected in snack food intake between normal-weight children and children at risk of overweight could explain in part the relationship between food choices and risk of overweight. Studies of dietary differences in conjunction with body weight would benefit from considering children at risk of overweight and normal-weight children, rather than children with excess weight only.
Healthy Eating Index and abdominal obesity
Authors: Tande Desiree L , Magel Rhonda , Strand Bradford N 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveAlthough diet is a modifiable lifestyle factor to reduce abdominal obesity risk, the relationship between the Health Eating Index (HEI) and waist circumference (WC) has not been studied. The present study aimed to describe relationships between the HEI and abdominal obesity among adults.DesignSecondary data analysis of a cross-sectional national survey, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). The HEI data, including the total HEI score and HEI component scores, were collected with a 24 h recall. WC measures were taken during a physical examination. Abdominal obesity was defined as WC ≥ 102 cm for men and WC ≥ 88 cm for women. Other covariates were collected during an interview.SubjectsIn total 15 658 US adults, men (n 7470) and non-pregnant women (n 8188).ResultsThe odds of abdominal obesity was 8·3 % (95 % CI 1·8, 14·9 %, P = 0·014) lower for women and 14·5 % (95 % CI 6·8, 21·9 %, P ≤ 0·001) lower for men with each 10-unit increase in total HEI score (HEI scale, 0–100). For each point increase for the fruit score, abdominal obesity risk decreased by 2·6 % (95 % CI 0·8, 4·4 %, P = 0·007) for women. Abdominal obesity risk decreased for men with each point increase in saturated fat and variety scores, by 3·1 % (95 % CI 0·1, 6·0 %, P = 0·042) and 4·0 % (95 % CI 0·1, 7·7 %, P = 0·043) respectively.ConclusionsDietary consumption that follows the HEI is associated with a lower risk for abdominal obesity.
Food insecurity prevalence among college students at the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa
Authors: Pia Chaparro M , Zaghloul Sahar S , Holck Peter , Dobbs Joannie 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the prevalence and identify possible predictors of food insecurity among college students at the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa.DesignCross-sectional survey, including the US Department of Agriculture’s Household Food Security Survey Module, demographic and spending variables.SettingUniversity of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai’i (USA).SubjectsFour hundred and forty-one non-freshmen students from thirty-one randomly selected classes.ResultsTwenty-one per cent of students surveyed were food-insecure, while 24 % were at risk of food insecurity. Students at higher risk of food insecurity included those who reported living on campus and those living off-campus with room mates. Those identifying themselves as Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, Filipinos and mixed were also at increased risk of food insecurity.ConclusionsFood insecurity is a significant problem among college students at the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa. Food availability and accessibility should be increased for these students through the establishment of on-campus food banks and student gardens. Future studies should assess the prevalence of food insecurity in other college campuses nationwide.
Relative validity of a self-completion 24 h recall questionnaire to assess beverage consumption among schoolchildren aged 7 to 9 years
Authors: Muckelbauer Rebecca , Libuda Lars , Kersting Mathilde 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveDrinking habits in children are associated with diet quality, but validated assessment tools for large-scale studies in young children are lacking. Therefore, we validated a self-completion 24 h recall questionnaire (RQ) focusing on beverage consumption with a 24 h weighed record (WR).DesignThirty-five voluntary participants from the DONALD (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) Study cohort aged 7–9 years completed the RQ. The illustrated RQ required ticking the number of glasses of seven beverage categories consumed in five time intervals in the previous 24 h. As a reference, parents completed weighed records of their child’s diet. Agreement between the RQ and WR was tested by classification into consumers and non-consumers (kappa coefficients, κ), by the children’s ability to estimate the exact beverage and total volume consumed (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Spearman rank correlation), and by ranking children according to reported beverage volumes.ResultsThe RQ and WR showed a good level of agreement for classifying participants into consumers and non-consumers of the single beverage categories (κ values between 0·78 and 0·94). Correlation coefficients for the volume of the single categories ranged between 0·81 and 0·91. The total beverage volume was overestimated in the RQ, on average, by 114 ml (P = 0·015). Agreement in ranking into tertiles by beverage volume was moderate to good for juice/soft drinks (κ = 0·44), milk (κ = 0·57) and water (κ = 0·70), but fair for the total beverage volume (κ = 0·23).ConclusionsOur self-completion 24 h RQ could estimate the consumption of several beverage categories among young children at the group level, but quantification of total beverage volume was flawed.
Evaluation of a kindergarten-based nutrition education intervention for pre-school children in China
Authors: Hu Chuanlai , Ye Dongqing , Li Yingchun , Huang Yongling , Li Li , Gao Yongqing , Wang Sufang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of nutrition education in kindergartens and to promote healthy dietary habits in children.DesignProspective cohort study. Four kindergartens with 1252 children were randomized to the intervention group and three with 850 children to the control group. The personal nutritional knowledge, attitudes and dietary behaviours of the parents were also investigated. Each month, children and parents in the intervention group participated in nutrition education activities. The main outcome measures were anthropometrics and diet-related behaviours of the children and the nutritional knowledge and attitudes of the parents at baseline, 6 months (mid-term) and 1 year (post-test). Baseline demographic and socio-economic characteristics were also collected.SettingSeven kindergartens from Hefei, the capital city of Anhui Province, eastern China.SubjectsTwo thousand one hundred and two 4- to 6-year-old pre-schoolers from seven kindergartens participated.ResultsThe prevalence of children’s unhealthy diet-related behaviours decreased significantly and good lifestyle behaviours increased in the group receiving nutrition education compared with controls. Parental eating habits and attitudes to planning their children’s diets also changed appreciably in the intervention group compared with the control group (P< 0·05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in children’s height, weight, height-for-ageZ-score or weight-for-ageZ-score between the two groups.ConclusionsKindergarten-based nutrition education improves pre-schoolers’ lifestyle behaviours and brings about beneficial changes in parents’ attitudes to planning their children’s diets and their own personal eating habits.
COVERINGS OF SKEW-PRODUCTS AND CROSSED PRODUCTS BY COACTIONS
Authors: PASK DAVID , QUIGG JOHN , SIMS AIDAN 
Published: August 2009

AbstractConsider a projective limitGof finite groupsGn. Fix a compatible familyδnof coactions of theGnon aC*-algebraA. From this data we obtain a coactionδofGonA. We show that the coaction crossed product ofAbyδis isomorphic to a direct limit of the coaction crossed products ofAby theδn. IfA=C*(Λ) for somek-graph Λ, and if the coactionsδncorrespond to skew-products of Λ, then we can say more. We prove that the coaction crossed product ofC*(Λ) byδmay be realized as a full corner of theC*-algebra of a (k+1)-graph. We then explore connections with Yeend’s topological higher-rank graphs and theirC*-algebras.
BELLWETHERS FOR BOUNDEDNESS OF COMPOSITION OPERATORS ON WEIGHTED BANACH SPACES OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: BOURDON PAUL S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLet 𝔻 be the open unit disc, letv:𝔻→(0,∞) be a typical weight, and letHv∞be the corresponding weighted Banach space consisting of analytic functionsfon 𝔻 such that$\|f\|_v:=\sup _{z\in \mathbb {D}}v(z)\lvert f(z)\rvert \less \infty $. We callHv∞atypical-growth space. For ϕ a holomorphic self-map of 𝔻, letCφdenote the composition operator induced by ϕ. We say thatCφis abellwether for boundednessof composition operators on typical-growth spaces if for each typical weightv,Cφacts boundedly onHv∞only if all composition operators act boundedly onHv∞. We show that a sufficient condition forCφto be a bellwether for boundedness is that ϕ have an angular derivative of modulus less than 1 at a point on∂𝔻. We raise the question of whether this angular-derivative condition is also necessary forCφto be a bellwether for boundedness.
NORMALITY AND SHARED SETS
Authors: FANG MINGLIANG , ZALCMAN LAWRENCE 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLet ℱ be a family of meromorphic functions defined in D, all of whose zeros have multiplicity at least k+1. Let a and b be distinct finite complex numbers, and let k be a positive integer. If, for each pair of functions f and g in ℱ, f(k) and g(k) share the set S={a,b}, then ℱ is normal in D. The condition that the zeros of functions in ℱ have multiplicity at least k+1 cannot be weakened.
PARTIAL ACTIONS OF INVERSE AND WEAKLY LEFT E-AMPLE SEMIGROUPS
Authors: GOULD VICTORIA , HOLLINGS CHRISTOPHER 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe introduce partial actions of weakly left E-ample semigroups, thus extending both the notion of partial actions of inverse semigroups and that of partial actions of monoids. Weakly left E-ample semigroups arise very naturally as subsemigroups of partial transformation semigroups which are closed under the unary operation α↦α+, where α+ is the identity map on the domain of α. We investigate the construction of ‘actions’ from such partial actions, making a connection with the FA-morphisms of Gomes. We observe that if the methods introduced in the monoid case by Megrelishvili and Schröder, and by the second author, are to be extended appropriately to the case of weakly left E-ample semigroups, then we must construct not global actions, but so-called incomplete actions. In particular, we show that a partial action of a weakly left E-ample semigroup is the restriction of an incomplete action. We specialize our approach to obtain corresponding results for inverse semigroups.
Understanding Methane Hydrates in the Arctic: Multidisciplinary Efforts Needed: Developing Long Term International Collaboration on Methane Hydrate Research and Monitoring in the Arctic Region; Texel, Netherlands, 18–20 February 2009
Authors: Coffin R. B. , Greinert J. 
Published: August 2009

The Arctic is highly vulnerable to climate change, but the environmental, economic, and societal impacts of climate change may be global rather than just regional. Some scientists currently believe that destabilizing Arctic gas hydrates, both onshore and offshore, could significantly accentuate global warming. Justification of this belief needs a more thorough understanding of the permafrost and sediment hydrate distribution.Many scientists currently believe that hydrates are extensive and by far the greatest potential source of methane in the Arctic. However, scientists have little understanding of their stability, particularly in relation to permafrost melt. Unlike their deep‐water equivalents, which are stabilized by hydrostatic pressure, polar hydrates are regulated by temperature; low temperatures are critical to their stability. The hydrates in the shallow seas that dominate the Arctic Ocean are highly vulnerable to warming because the protective layer of methane‐oxidizing and heat‐distributing water is very thin over the vast shelf area.
Fast and accurate predictions of protein stability changes upon mutations using statistical potentials and neural networks: PoPMuSiC-2.0
Authors: Dehouck Yves , Grosfils Aline , Folch Benjamin , Gilis Dimitri , Bogaerts Philippe , Rooman Marianne 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Motivation: The rational design of proteins with modified properties, through amino acid substitutions, is of crucial importance in a large variety of applications. Given the huge number of possible substitutions, every protein engineering project would benefit strongly from the guidance of in silico methods able to predict rapidly, and with reasonable accuracy, the stability changes resulting from all possible mutations in a protein.
Results: We exploit newly developed statistical potentials, based on a formalism that highlights the coupling between four protein sequence and structure descriptors, and take into account the amino acid volume variation upon mutation. The stability change is expressed as a linear combination of these energy functions, whose proportionality coefficients vary with the solvent accessibility of the mutated residue and are identified with the help of a neural network. A correlation coefficient of R = 0.63 and a root mean square error of σc = 1.15 kcal/mol between measured and predicted stability changes are obtained upon cross-validation. These scores reach R = 0.79, and σc = 0.86 kcal/mol after exclusion of 10% outliers. The predictive power of our method is shown to be significantly higher than that of other programs described in the literature.
Availability: http://babylone.ulb.ac.be/popmusic
Contact: ydehouck@ulb.ac.be
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A first phylogenetic analysis of Giant Pill‐Millipedes (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida), a new model Gondwanan taxon, with special emphasis on island gigantism
Authors: Wesener Thomas , VandenSpiegel Didier 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe phylogeny of the Giant Pill‐Millipedes, order Sphaerotheriida, is investigated using a new morphological character matrix comprising 89 characters. The majority of these characters are employed for the first time in millipedes. All trees obtained agree on the monophyletic status of the Sphaerotheriida and several of its tribes, each restricted to a modern land mass. The species from Madagascar displaying island gigantism do not form a monophyletic group. The classic division of Giant Pill‐Millipedes into two families, Sphaerotheriidae and Zephronidae, was not reflected in the analysis. The genus Procyliosoma is the sister‐group to all other Sphaerotheriida, rendering the family Sphaerotheriidae paraphyletic. A new family‐level classification of Giant Pill‐Millipedes, based on the current phylogeny, is introduced. The new family Procyliosomatidae contains only the genus Procyliosoma, distributed in Australia and New Zealand. The family Zephronidae remains unchanged, while the family Sphaerotheriidae now incorporates only the African Giant Pill‐Millipede genera. All genera from southern India and Madagascar form a monophyletic group and are placed in the new family Arthrosphaeridae. The Malagasy genus Sphaeromimus is more closely related to the Indian Arthrosphaera species than to other genera from Madagascar. A biogeographical analysis identifies the group as a Gondwana taxon (with a notable absence from South America). The current phylogeny of Giant Pill‐Millipede families mirrors perfectly the suggested break‐up of Gondwana fragments 160–90 Ma. No evidence for a dispersal event could be found, highlighting the importance of Giant Pill‐Millipedes as a potential model taxon.