bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOX10 immunostaining distinguishes desmoplastic melanoma from excision scar
Authors: Ramos‐Herberth Frances Ivette , Karamchandani Jason , Kim Jinah , Dadras Soheil S. 
Published: July 2010

Background: Sry‐related HMG‐BOX gene 10 (SOX10), a nuclear transcription factor that plays an important role in schwannian and melanocytic cell differentiation, has recently been shown to be a useful marker in the diagnosis of melanocytic and schwannian tumors. Fibroblasts and histiocytes that could histopathologically mimic melanoma cells often express S100, which complicates the evaluation of melanoma excision specimens for residual tumor. Distinguishing melanoma cells from immature fibrocytes or histiocytes is made more challenging in desmoplastic melanoma excision specimens. Methods: We compared the utility of melanoma markers [SOX10, S100, HMB‐45, Melan‐A and micropthalmia transcription factor (MiTF)] in 3 invasive, 9 desmoplastic and 14 intraepidermal melanomas. We also evaluated 18 excision scars. The staining intensity for all the cellular components in melanoma and scar specimens was scored. Results: SOX10 strongly highlighted all in situ, invasive and desmoplastic melanomas. In contrast, MiTF expression was weak to absent in desmoplastic melanomas. In scars, S100 highlighted background spindled fibrocytes and histiocytes with greater intensity than SOX10. MiTF highlighted multi‐nucleated histiocytes, while SOX10 did not. Conclusion: Our results showed that SOX10 was strongly expressed by desmoplastic melanoma. Furthermore, SOX10 was less likely than S100 and MiTF to be expressed by background fibrocytes and histiocytes within scars.Ramos‐Herberth FI, Karamchandani J, Kim J, Dadras SS. SOX10 immunostaining distinguishes desmoplastic melanoma from excision scar.
Investigation of aging effects in human hair using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Jeong Ki Heon , Kim Kyung Sook , Lee Gi Ja , Choi Sam Jin , Jeong Taek Jo , Shin Min‐Kyung , Park Hun Kuk , Sim Woo Young , Lee Mu‐Hyoung 
Published: July 2010

Background: A thorough characterization of the morphological structure and physical properties is essential for an understanding of human hair. A number of techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy have been used to study hair surfaces. Recently, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has emerged as an ideal method for the non‐invasive examination of hair surfaces.Purpose: To investigate the effects of aging on normal Korean hair diameter and surface features using AFM.Methods: We enrolled 60 Korean volunteers of various ages who had no hair diseases. We analyzed hair diameter, AFM images of the hair surface, cuticular descriptors and micro‐scale mechanical properties for their associations with aging.Results: Hair diameter was found to increase for the first 20–30 years of life, after which it began to decrease. AFM images of most of the younger subjects showed typical step‐like topographic properties with clear scale edges. The AFM images of most of the older subjects revealed dilapidated structures, poorly demarcated scale edges and undulated surfaces. Among the cuticular descriptors, surface roughness increased significantly with age. Force to distance analysis demonstrated a dependence on age.Conclusion: These results suggest that aging causes changes in hair diameter and surface structure.
Preterm elective caesarean section and early enteral feeding in gastroschisis
Authors: Reigstad I , Reigstad H , Kiserud T , Berstad T 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAims:  To evaluate the effect of elective caesarean section (CS) before term and early enteral nutrition on length of parenteral nutrition and hospital stay in infants with gastroschisis.Methods:  Retrospective review of all infants with gastroschisis treated in a regional level III hospital from 1993 to 2008. During 1993–97, there was no established standard for management of pregnancy or delivery while a protocol on close foetal monitoring and early elective CS was adhered to for 1998–2008. Introduction of human milk on the first day after complete closure of the abdominal wall and rapid increase was the policy during the whole period.Results:  With early elective CS, no foetal deaths occurred after 28‐ week gestational age (GA). Ten infants were born during the first period and 20 during the second period at a median GA (range) of 36.5 (34–40) and 35 (34–37) weeks (p = 0.013). Seven and 20, respectively, were born by CS. Median (range) days before full enteral feeds and hospital stay were 11.5 (7–39) and 13.0 (7–46) (p = 0.85), and 17.5 (12–36) and 22.5 (13–195) (p = 0.67), respectively. One child died of volvulus after discharge.Conclusion:  Close surveillance of pregnancy, elective preterm caesarean section, early surgery and active approach to primary closure and early enteral feeds appears to be a safe and effective line of management in gastroschisis.
Proteomic and biochemical analysis of 14‐3‐3‐binding proteins during C2‐ceramide‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Pozuelo‐Rubio Mercedes 
Published: July 2010

14‐3‐3 is a family of proteins comprising several isoforms that, in many cases, promote cell survival by association with proapoptotic proteins. This study was designed to obtain further understanding of the 14‐3‐3 role in apoptosis regulation, by analyzing apoptosis‐related protein–14‐3‐3 interactions. Western blot analysis of an eluted fraction from the 14‐3‐3‐affinity chromatography column identified proapoptotic proteins as receptor‐interacting protein 3 and Bcl‐2‐antagonist/killer as new phophorylation‐dependent 14‐3‐3‐binding proteins under physiological conditions. The apoptosis inducer C2‐ceramide promoted decay of the 14‐3‐3‐binding signal of protein cell extracts. Investigation of the role of 14‐3‐3 in C2‐ceramide‐induced apoptosis showed that depletion of the 14‐3‐3ζ isoform sensitized to cell death, whereas overexpression of this isoform delayed cell death. A combination of tandem affinity purification and liquid chromatography–tandem MS techniques identified 15 proteins involved in cell survival processes whose 14‐3‐3‐binding status changed during C2‐ceramide‐induced apoptosis. Under physiological conditions, desmin was clearly identified as a new 14‐3‐3‐interactor protein, and vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein, nucleophosmin and calmodulin, whose 14‐3‐3 binding was suggested by others on the basis of MS analysis, were confirmed here as phosphorylation‐dependent 14‐3‐3‐associated proteins. Interestingly, proteins related to the regulation of DNA double‐strand break repair in the early stages of apoptosis, such as DNA‐dependent protein kinase, or the regulation of cell shrinkage during apoptosis, such as vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein and death promoters like receptor‐interacting protein 3, were identified as 14‐3‐3‐associated proteins whose 14‐3‐3‐binding status changed when apoptosis was initiated. The functional diversity of these identified proteins suggests that 14‐3‐3 may regulate the apoptotic process through new mechanisms, in addition to others previously characterized.Structured digital abstract
A list of the large number of protein–protein interactions described in this article is available via the MINT article ID MINT‐7899808
CHIP participates in protein triage decisions by preferentially ubiquitinating Hsp70‐bound substrates
Authors: Stankiewicz Marta , Nikolay Rainer , Rybin Vladimir , Mayer Matthias P. 
Published: July 2010

The E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP (C‐terminus of Hsc70‐interacting protein) is believed to be a central player in the cellular triage decision, as it links the molecular chaperones Hsp70/Hsc70 and Hsp90 to the ubiquitin proteasomal degradation pathway. To better understand the decision process, we determined the affinity of CHIP for Hsp70 and Hsp90 using isothermal titration calorimetry. We analyzed the influence of CHIP on the ATPase cycles of both chaperones in the presence of co‐chaperones and a substrate, and determined the ubiquitination efficacy of CHIP in the presence of the chaperones. We found that CHIP has a sixfold higher affinity for Hsp90 compared with Hsc70. CHIP had no influence on ADP dissociation or ATP association, but reduced the Hsp70 cochaperone Hdj1‐stimulated single‐turnover ATPase rates of Hsc70 and Hsp70. CHIP did not influence the ATPase cycle of Hsp90 in the absence of co‐chaperones or in the presence of the Hsp90 cochaperones Aha1 or p23. Polyubiquitination of heat‐denatured luciferase and the native substrate p53 was much more efficient in the presence of Hsc70 and Hdj1 than in the presence of Hsp90, indicating that CHIP preferentially ubiquitinates Hsp70‐bound substrates.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7904367: CHIP (uniprotkb:Q9UNE7) and HSP 90‐beta (uniprotkb:P08238) physically interact (MI:0915) by molecular sieving (MI:0071)
MINT‐7904785: HSP 90‐beta (uniprotkb:P08238) and p23 (uniprotkb:Q15185) bind (MI:0407) by molecular sieving (MI:0071)
MINT‐7904047: CHIP (uniprotkb:Q9UNE7), HSP 90‐beta (uniprotkb:P08238) and p23 (uniprotkb:Q15185) physically interact (MI:0915) by molecular sieving (MI:0071)
MINT‐7903424: Alpha‐lactalbumin (uniprotkb:P00711), HSP70 (uniprotkb:P08107) and CHIP (uniprotkb:Q9UNE7) physically interact (MI:0915) by molecular sieving (MI:0071)
MINT‐7903354: CHIP (uniprotkb:Q9UNE7) and HSC70 (uniprotkb:P11142) bind (MI:0407) by isothermal titration calorimetry (MI:0065)
MINT‐7903373: CHIP (uniprotkb:Q9UNE7) and HSP90‐beta (uniprotkb:P08238) bind (MI:0407) by isothermal titration calorimetry (MI:0065)
Broad and luminous [O iii] and [N ii] in globular cluster ULXs
Authors: Porter R. L. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
We consider an accretion disc origin for the broad and luminous forbidden line emission observed in ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) sources CXOJ033831.8−352604 and XMMU 122939.7+075333 in globular clusters hosted by elliptical galaxies NGC 1399 and 4472, respectively. We will refer to the latter by the globular cluster name RZ2109. The first has strong [O iii] and [N ii], the second only [O iii]. Both Hα and Hβ are very weak or undetected in both objects. We assume that the large linewidths are due to Keplerian rotation around a compact object and derive expressions for maximum line luminosities. These idealized models require central masses ≳100 and ≳30 000 M⊙ for CXOJ033831.8−352604 and RZ2109, respectively. An independent, bootstrap argument for the total disc mass yields, for both systems, Mdisc≳ 10−4 M⊙ for a purely metallic disc (and two orders of magnitude larger for solar metallicities). If Roche lobe overflow is implicated, viscous time-scales are ≳300 yr. Standard disc theory then offers another limit on the central masses. Lobe radii for an ∼1 M⊙ donor are ≳1013 cm. We therefore rule out Roche lobe overflow of a white dwarf in both systems. Red giants could fill the necessary lobes. Whether they are too metal poor to produce the strong forbidden lines without strong hydrogen emission is unclear.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of adrenal chromaffin cells
Authors: Sala F. , Nistri A. , Criado M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the adrenal medulla, acetylcholine released by the sympathetic splanchnic nerves activates neuronal‐type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the membrane of chromaffin cells which liberate catecholamines into the bloodstream in preparation for the fight and flight reactions. On adrenal chromaffin cells the main class of nAChRs is a pentameric assembly of α3 and β4 subunits that forms ion channels which produce membrane depolarization by increasing Na+, K+and Ca2+permeability. Homomeric α7 nicotinic receptors are expressed in a species‐dependent manner and do not contribute to catecholamine secretion. Chromaffin cell nAChRs rapidly activate and desensitize with full recovery on washout. nAChR activity is subjected to various types of dynamic regulation. It is allosterically modulated by the endogenous neuropeptide substance P that stabilizes receptors in their desensitized state, thus depressing their responsiveness. The full‐length peptide CGRP acts as a negative allosteric modulator by inhibiting responses without changing desensitization, whereas its N‐terminal fragments act as positive allosteric modulators to transiently enhance nAChR function. nAChR expression increases when cells are chronically exposed to either selective antagonists or agonists such as nicotine, a protocol mimicking the condition of chronic heavy smokers. In this case, large upregulation of nAChRs occurs even though most of the extra nAChRs remain inside the cells, creating a mismatch between the increase in total nAChRs and increase in functional nAChRs on the cell surface. These findings highlight the plastic properties of cholinergic neurotransmission in the adrenal medulla to provide robust mechanisms for adapting catecholamine release to acute and chronic changes in sympathetic activity.
REVIEW: Recent advances in the diagnosis and classification of myeloid neoplasms – comments on the 2008 WHO classification
Authors: YIN C. C. , MEDEIROS L. J. , BUESO‐RAMOS C. E. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms refined the criteria for some previously described myeloid neoplasms and recognized several new entities based on recent elucidation of molecular pathogenesis, identification of new diagnostic and prognostic markers, and progress in clinical management. Protein tyrosine kinase abnormalities, including translocations or mutations involving ABL1, JAK2, MPL, KIT, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, and FGFR1, have been used as the basis for classifying myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Two new entities ‐ refractory cytopenia with unilineage dysplasia and refractory cytopenia of childhood have been added to the group of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and ‘refractory anemia with excess blasts‐1’ has been redefined to emphasize the prognostic significance of increased blasts in the peripheral blood. A list of cytogenetic abnormalities has been introduced as presumptive evidence of MDS in cases with refractory cytopenia but without morphologic evidence of dysplasia. The subgroup ‘acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with recurrent genetic abnormalities’ has been expanded to include more molecular genetic aberrations. The entity ‘AML with multilineage dysplasia’ specified in the 2001 WHO classification has been renamed ‘AML with myelodysplasia‐related changes’ to include not only cases with significant multilineage dysplasia but also patients with a history of MDS or myelodysplasia‐related cytogenetic abnormalities. The term ‘therapy‐related myeloid neoplasms’ is used to cover the spectrum of disorders previously known as t‐AML, t‐MDS, or t‐MDS/MPN occurring as complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. In this review, we summarize many of these important changes and discuss some of the diagnostic challenges that remain.
Inter‐ and Intra‐Ethnic Group Comparison of Metabolic Syndrome Components Among Morbidly Obese Adolescents
Authors: Messiah Sarah E. , Carrillo‐Iregui Adriana , Garibay‐Nieto Guadalupe , Lopez‐Mitnik Gabriela , Cossio Sissi , Arheart Kristopher L. 
Published: July 2010

J Clin Hypertens(Greenwich). 2010;12:645–652. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study explored inter‐ (between) and intra‐ (within) ethnic group differences in metabolic syndrome components among a clinical sample of morbidly obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥97th percentile for age and sex) 12‐ to 18‐year‐olds originating from Latin America and the Caribbean Basin and a matched (age/ethnicity/sex/BMI percentile) national sample (N=208, both samples) of Mexican American and non‐Hispanic blacks from the 1999 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Mexican American and non‐Hispanic black boys from the NHANES/national sample had significantly higher mean fasting glucose levels compared with Latin and Caribbean blacks (98.50 vs 85.42 mg/dL, 97.34 vs 86.44 mg/dL, respectively, (P<.001 for both comparisons). Conversely, both diastolic/systolic blood pressure was consistently higher among Latin/Caribbean adolescents vs Mexican American and non‐Hispanic blacks for all age/sex/ethnic groups. These results indicate that morbidly obese adolescents from both major ethnic groups and subgroups within these groups show health‐related comorbidities in both clinic‐ and population‐based settings.
Effect of Combining Extended‐Release Carvedilol and Lisinopril in Hypertension: Results of the COSMOS Study
Authors: Bakris George L. , Iyengar Malini , Lukas Mary Ann , Ordronneau Paul , Weber Michael A. 
Published: July 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:678–686. ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Hypertension treatment commonly requires multiple agents to achieve target blood pressure (BP). β‐Blockers and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are commonly co‐prescribed in clinical practice although few data are available that test their additivity on BP lowering. The efficacy and safety of once‐daily extended‐release carvedilol (carvedilol CR) combined with the ACEI lisinopril in a double‐blind, randomized, factorial design study were studied. Patients (N=656) with stage 1 or 2 hypertension were randomized evenly to 1 of 15 groups for 6 weeks: carvedilol CR monotherapy 20 mg, 40 mg, or 80 mg/d; lisinopril monotherapy 10 mg, 20 mg, or 40 mg/d; or 1 of 9 combinations of carvedilol CR plus lisinopril initiated simultaneously. Primary efficacy measures (assessed by ambulatory BP monitoring [ABPM]) were change from baseline in 24‐hour mean diastolic BP (DBP) and in trough (20–24 hours) DBP. Continuous efficacy variables were assessed using analysis of covariance. Whether any combination dose was superior to its monotherapy components was assessed using the Hung AVE procedure. Despite the presence of additional BP lowering observed with most of the combinations compared with their monotherapy components, the Hung AVE test was not significant for either primary efficacy measures. Post hoc analyses of the high‐dose combination groups (carvedilol CR/lisinopril regimens of 80/10 mg, 80/20 mg, 80/40 mg, 20/40 mg, and 40/40 mg) showed a significant treatment difference compared with both carvedilol CR 80 mg and lisinopril 40 mg for 24‐hour mean DBP but not for trough DBP. With the exception of dizziness, individual adverse events did not increase with ascending doses or combinations. The superiority of initiating combination treatment with carvedilol CR and lisinopril compared with the monotherapy components was not demonstrated with the ABPM measurements. Nonetheless, the post hoc assessment combining all high‐dose groups did produce significant 24‐hour mean BP reduction when compared with the high‐dose monotherapy groups. The tolerability profile of initiating combination therapy was generally comparable to the initiation of treatment with monotherapy.
The oral health of homeless adolescents and young adults and determinants of oral health: preliminary findings
Authors: Chi Donald , Milgrom Peter 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTA survey was administered to 55 homeless adolescents and young adults aged 14 to 28 years who presented for care at a community health center in Seattle, Washington in 2005. Forty‐five valid surveys were analyzed. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with self‐reported oral health. The most common self‐reported dental problem was sensitive teeth (52.6%), followed by discolored teeth (48.6%), toothache (38.5%), or a broken tooth (37.8%). Dental problems were associated with lower self‐reported oral health, while non‐high school graduates, mixed race youths, and methamphetamine users had significantly higher self‐reported oral health. Among homeless youths, addressing dental problems with direct dental care may improve self‐perceived oral health. The relationships between methamphetamine use and education level, on the one hand, and self‐reported oral health, on the other, are complex and may be modified by age.
Molecular identification of roots from a grassland community using size differences in fluorescently labelled PCR amplicons of three cpDNA regions
Authors: TAGGART JOHN M. , CAHILL JR JAMES F. , McNICKLE GORDON G. , HALL JOCELYN C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractElucidating patterns of root growth is essential for a better understanding of the functioning of plant‐dominated ecosystems. To this end, reliable and inexpensive methods are required to determine species compositions of root samples containing multiple species. Previous studies use a range of PCR‐based approaches, but none have examined a species pool greater than 10 or 30 when evaluating mixed and single species samples, respectively. We present a method that evaluates size differences in fluorescently labelled PCR amplicons (fluorescent fragment length polymorphism) of the trnL intron and the trnT‐trnL and trnL‐trnF intergenic spacers. Amplification success of the trnT‐trnL spacer was limited, but variation in the trnL intron and the trnL‐trnF spacer was sufficient to distinguish over 80% of the 95 species (97% of the 77 genera) evaluated from a diverse fescue grassland community. Moreover, we identified species known to be present in mixed samples of 4, 8, 12, and 16 species on average 82% of the time. However, this approach is sensitive to detecting species known to be absent (false positives) when using our key of 95 species. Comparing unknowns to a limited species pool ameliorates this problem, comparable to a researcher using prior knowledge of what species could be found in a sample to constrain the identification of species. Comparisons to other methods and future improvements are discussed. This method is efficient, cost‐ effective and broadly applicable to many ecosystems.
Downregulation and Upregulation of Glial Connexins May Cause Synaptic Imbalances Responsible for the Pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Mitterauer Bernhard J. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe model of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder proposed is based on imbalances in tripartite synapses caused by dysregulations of connexin expression in the astrocytic syncytium. If the expression of connexins is downregulated, a compensatory upregulation of astrocytic receptors may occur and be responsible for the pathophysiology of depression. Conversely, if the expression of connexins is upregulated, the expression of the astrocytic receptors may be downregulated and be responsible for the pathophysiology of mania. In depression, a relative lack of neurotransmitters exerts a protracted synaptic information processing, whereas in mania a relative increase of neurotransmitters may accelerate synaptic information processing. In addition, the modulatory role of gliotransmitters may be affected in bipolar disorder. Since the dysregulations of connexins impair the astrocytic syncytium, these disorders could be explanatory for cognitive impairment both in depression and in mania. Finally, the testability of this model is discussed.