bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of glycation sites by tandem mass spectrometry in a synthetic lactose‐bovine serum albumin conjugate, a vaccine model prepared by dialkyl squarate chemistry
Authors: Jahouh Farid , Hou Shu‐jie , Kováč Pavol , Banoub Joseph H. 
Published: February 2012

RATIONALENeoglycoconjugate vaccines synthesized by the squaric acid spacer method allow single point attachment of the carbohydrate antigen to the protein carrier. However, the localization of the carbohydrate antigen sites of conjugation on the protein carrier has been an elusive task difficult to achieve.METHODCovalent attachment of the lactose antigen to the bovine serum albumin (BSA) was prepared by the squaric acid method using a hapten:BSA ratio of 20:1. Different reaction times were used during the conjugation reaction and two different lactose‐BSA glycoconjugate vaccines were obtained. The carbohydrate antigen hapten:BSA ratios of these lactose‐BSA glycoconjugate vaccines were determined by MALDI‐TOF/RTOF‐MS and the glycation sites in the neoglycoconjugates were determined using nano‐LC/ESI‐QqTOF‐MS/MS analysis of the trypsin and GluC V8 digests of the conjugates.RESULTSWe have identified a total of 15 glycation sites located on the BSA lysine residues for the neoglycoconjugate vaccine formed with a hapten:BSA ratio of 5.1:1, However, the tryptic and GluC V8 digests of the hapten‐BSA glycoconjugate with a hapten:BSA ratio of 19.0:1 allowed identification of 30 glycation sites located on the BSA. These last results seem to indicate that this conjugation results in formation of various glycoforms.CONCLUSIONSIt was observed that the number of identified glycation sites increased when the hapten:BSA ratio of glycoconjugate formation increased, and that the location of the glycation sites appears to be mainly on the outer surface of the BSA carrier molecule which is in line with the assumption that the sterically more accessible lysine residues, namely those located on the outer surface of the BSA, would be conjugated preferentially. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SIR epidemics on random graphs with a fixed degree sequence
Authors: Bohman Tom , Picollelli Michael 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLet Δ > 1 be a fixed positive integer. For\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}{\textbf{ {z}}} \in \mathbb{R}_+^\Delta\end{align*} \end{document}letGzbe chosen uniformly at random from the collection of graphs on ∥z∥1nvertices that havezinvertices of degreeifori= 1,…,Δ. We determine the likely evolution in continuous time of the SIR model for the spread of an infectious disease onGz, starting from a single infected node. Either the disease halts after infecting only a small number of nodes, or an epidemic spreads to infect a linear number of nodes. Conditioning on the event that more than a small number of nodes are infected, the epidemic is likely to follow a trajectory given by the solution of an associated system of ordinary differential equations. These results also give the likely number of nodes infected during the course of the epidemic and the likely length in time of the epidemic. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012
Statistical properties of subgroups of free groups
Authors: Bassino Frédérique , Martino Armando , Nicaud Cyril , Ventura Enric , Weil Pascal 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe usual way to investigate the statistical properties of finitely generated subgroups of free groups, and of finite presentations of groups, is based on the so‐called word‐based distribution: subgroups are generated (finite presentations are determined) by randomly chosen k ‐tuples of reduced words, whose maximal length is allowed to tend to infinity. In this paper we adopt a different, though equally natural point of view: we investigate the statistical properties of the same objects, but with respect to the so‐called graph‐based distribution, recently introduced by Bassino, Nicaud and Weil. Here, subgroups (and finite presentations) are determined by randomly chosen Stallings graphs whose number of vertices tends to infinity. Our results show that these two distributions behave quite differently from each other, shedding a new light on which properties of finitely generated subgroups can be considered frequent or rare. For example, we show that malnormal subgroups of a free group are negligible in the graph‐based distribution, while they are exponentially generic in the word‐based distribution. Quite surprisingly, a random finite presentation generically presents the trivial group in this new distribution, while in the classical one it is known to generically present an infinite hyperbolic group. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2013
The forgetfulness of balls and bins
Authors: Perkins Will 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe find the asymptotic total variation distance between two distributions on configurations of m balls in n labeled bins: in the first, each ball is placed in a bin uniformly at random; in the second, k balls are planted in an arbitrary but fixed arrangement and the remaining m ‐ k balls placed uniformly at random. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012
Probing the Effect of Molecular Orientation on the Intensity of Chemical Enhancement Using Graphene‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Ling Xi , Wu Juanxia , Xu Weigao , Zhang Jin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA rational approach to investigate the effect of molecular orientation on the intensity of chemical enhancement using graphene‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (GERS) is developed. A planar molecule, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), is used as probe molecule. Annealing allows the CuPc molecule in a Langmuir–Blodgett film to change orientation from upstanding to lying down. The UV–visible absorption spectra prove the change of the molecular orientation, as well as the variation of the interaction between the CuPc molecule and graphene. The Raman spectra of the molecule in the two different orientations are compared and analyzed. The results show that chemical enhancement is highly sensitive to the molecular orientation. The different molecular orientations induce different magnitudes of the interaction between the molecule and graphene. The stronger the interaction, the more the Raman signal is enhanced. Furthermore, the sensitivity of GERS to molecular orientation is promising to determine the orientation of the molecule on graphene. Based on this molecular orientation sensitive Raman enhancement, quantitative calculation of the magnitude of the chemical enhancement is implemented for a series of Pc derivatives. It shows that the magnitude of the chemical enhancement can be used to evaluate the degree of interaction between the molecules and graphene. Moreover, an understanding of the chemical enhancement in GERS is promoted and the effect of molecular orientation on the intensity of chemical enhancement is explained.
Cell type‐specific postsynaptic effects of neuropeptide Y in substantia gelatinosa neurons of the rat spinal cord
Authors: Melnick Igor V. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCellular mechanisms of antinociceptive action of neuropeptide Y were investigated in substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons in rat spinal cord slices. Somatic and synaptic effects of NPY were compared in two subpopulations of cells with different firing patterns, tonic (TFNs), and delayed firing (DFNs) neurons. For the study, TFNs were selected on morphological basis: they had appearance of central and radial but not islet cells, and are likely excitatory interneurons in dorsal horn networks. In their turn, DFNs were classified as radial and vertical cells. 0.3 μM NPY via Y1 receptors activated hyperpolarizing postsynaptic current of GIRK type in majority of TFNs (∼77%) but not DFNs (∼8%). Miniature synaptic currents in all neurons were seen as a mixture of excitatory (mEPSCs) and inhibitory (mIPSCs), the frequency of the former being ∼5 times greater. The mEPSCs were mediated by glutamate receptors of AMPA subtype, while the dominant part of mIPSCs—by glycine receptors. In all cell types, NPY moderately depressed the frequency of both mEPSCs and mIPSCs; the effects occurred via Y2 and Y1 receptors, respectively. The data suggest that behavioral NPY‐evoked antinociception is achieved via postsynaptic hyperpolarization of majority of TFNs (assumingly, excitatory interneurons) via Y1 receptors and depression of the mEPSCs via Y2 receptors. Synapse, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Involvement of 5‐HT2A receptor and α2‐adrenoceptor blockade in the asenapine‐induced elevation of prefrontal cortical monoamine outflow
Authors: Frånberg Olivia , Marcus Monica M. , Svensson Torgny H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe psychotropic drug asenapine is approved for the treatment of schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. Asenapine exhibits higher affinity for several 5‐HT receptors and α2‐adrenoceptors than for D2 receptors. Noteworthy, blockage of both the 5‐HT2A and α2‐adrenergic receptors has been shown to enhance prefrontal dopamine release induced by D2 receptor antagonists. Previous results show that asenapine, both systemically and locally, increases dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and that the increased dopamine release largely depends on an intracortical action. Using reverse microdialysis in freely moving rats, we here assessed the potency of low concentrations of asenapine to cause a pharmacologically significant blockage in vivo of 5‐HT2A receptors and α2‐adrenoceptors within the mPFC, and thus its ability to affect cortical monoamine release by these receptors. Intracortical administration of 1‐(2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodophenyl)‐2‐aminopropane hydrochloride (DOI), a 5‐HT2A/2C receptor agonist, increased cortical monoamine release, effects that were antagonized both by asenapine and the selective 5‐HT2A antagonist M100907. Application of clonidine, an α2‐adrenoceptor agonist, significantly reduced monoamine release in the mPFC. The selective α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan blocked, whereas asenapine partially blocked clonidine‐induced cortical dopamine and noradrenaline decrease. The effects of asenapine and idazoxan on clonidine‐induced serotonin decrease were less pronounced. Our results propose that low concentrations of asenapine in the mPFC exhibit a pharmacologically significant 5‐HT2A and α2 receptor antagonistic activity, which may contribute to enhance prefrontal monoamine release in vivo and, secondarily, its clinical effects in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Synapse, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Common Mental Disorders in Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Amputation: A Population‐based Sample
Authors: Nunes Marco Antonio , de Barros Newton , Miranda Fausto , Baptista‐Silva José Carlos 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundAmputations result in a variety of limitations that have emotional consequences for patients. The aim of the present study was evaluate non‐psychotic disorders and their associated factors in a sample of people with lower limb amputations.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted that assessed the association of sociodemographic and clinical variables in relation to psychiatric disorders evaluated through the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ‐20) for patients undergoing lower limb amputation. The association between the outcome of the SRQ‐20 and the other variables was assessed with the chi‐square and Student’s t test; to explore the magnitude of association adjusted for covariates, a logistic regression model was developed.ResultsOne hundred‐thirty eight (138) patients were interviewed, and a prevalence of 43% (60/138) was observed for patients with mental disorders assessed with the SRQ‐20 questionnaire. We also observed that male patients (p = 0.017) and those who were married (p = 0.035) had a lower rate of psychological problems; those who were not considered independent (p = 0.036) and those with a greater number of morbid conditions (p = 0.036) showed a higher positivity in relation to psychological morbidity (p = 0.003). Logistic regression analysis showed that only the associated chronic diseases (p = 0.0328) and lack of independence (p = 0.0197) remained significant.ConclusionsGiven the high prevalence of mental disorders related to the number of associated morbid conditions and to the situation of dependency among lower limb amputees, the psychological and social assessment of these people is recommended, in addition to encouraging their self‐care and the return to their activities.
Application of a Multidimensional Nested Logit Model to Multiple-Choice Test Items
Authors: Bolt Daniel M. , Wollack James A. , Suh Youngsuk 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNested logit models have been presented as an alternative to multinomial logistic models for multiple-choice test items (Suh and Bolt in Psychometrika 75:454–473, 2010) and possess a mathematical structure that naturally lends itself to evaluating the incremental information provided by attending to distractor selection in scoring. One potential concern in attending to distractors is the possibility that distractor selection reflects a different trait/ability than that underlying the correct response. This paper illustrates a multidimensional extension of a nested logit item response model that can be used to evaluate such distinctions and also defines a new framework for incorporating collateral information from distractor selection when differences exist. The approach is demonstrated in application to questions faced by a university testing center over whether to incorporate distractor selection into the scoring of its multiple-choice tests. Several empirical examples are presented.
Rotational Uniqueness Conditions Under Oblique Factor Correlation Metric
Authors: Peeters Carel F. W. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn an addendum to his seminal 1969 article Jöreskog stated two sets of conditions for rotational identification of the oblique factor solution under utilization of fixed zero elements in the factor loadings matrix (Jöreskog in Advances in factor analysis and structural equation models, pp. 40–43, 1979). These condition sets, formulated under factor correlation and factor covariance metrics, respectively, were claimed to be equivalent and to lead to global rotational uniqueness of the factor solution. It is shown here that the conditions for the oblique factor correlation structure need to be amended for global rotational uniqueness, and, hence, that the condition sets are not equivalent in terms of unicity of the solution.
The Free Lateral Arm Flap—A Reliable Option for Reconstruction of the Forearm and Hand
Authors: Sauerbier M. , Germann G. , Giessler G. A. , Salakdeh M. Sedigh , Döll M. 
Published: February 2012

Background This retrospective study was performed to verify the advantages and disadvantages of the free lateral arm flap for defect reconstruction of the forearm and hand. Patients and Methods Between 2001 and 2010, 21 patients underwent defect coverage of the forearm and hand with the free lateral arm flap. The mean patient age was 48 years (17–78). The results concerning defect origin, flap size, pedicle length, operative time, revisions of the anastomoses or other complications, donor site morbidity, and length of hospital stay were evaluated. Results The majority of defects were caused by infections or chronic wounds. The defects were localized at the forearm in 6 cases and at the hand in 15 cases. The flap width ranged from 3 to 8 cm, and the length was from 5 to 20 cm. All flaps survived. Only in one case, a revision of the anastomosis was necessary. Primary closure of the donor site was possible in all patients. No complications occurred during the healing procedure. The majority of the patients were satisfied with the aesthetic result at the recipient site as well as at the donor site. Conclusion The free lateral arm flap is a very reliable option for defect coverage at the forearm and hand for small and medium size defects. A satisfactory aesthetic appearance, an excellent tissue quality, and frequent primary donor site closure are great advantages for selecting this flap.
Hydrogenation of Cottonseed Oil with Nickel, Palladium and Platinum Catalysts
Authors: Cheng H. N. , Dowd Michael K. , Easson Michael W. , Condon Brian D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEleven catalysts based on Ni, Pd, and Pt from two manufacturers were used for hydrogenating cottonseed oil, with the goal of minimizing trans fatty acid (TFA) content. Despite different temperatures, catalyst levels, and reaction times being used, the data from each catalyst type fell on the same curve when the TFA level was plotted against the iodine value (IV). Under low‐pressure, high‐mixing hydrogenation conditions, the Ni, Pd, and Pt catalysts all produced < 5% TFA and < 5% stearic acid at 95 IV; however, at 70 IV, only Pt catalysts produced 9% TFA and about 17% stearic acid. Kinetic modeling provided a better understanding of the relative reaction rates involved in hydrogenation. Pt catalysts converted linoleic and oleic acids more slowly to TFA and quickly hydrogenate TFA, thereby leading to low TFA levels. In comparison to other hydrogenated oils reported in the literature, equivalent or lower TFA and stearic acid levels were observed with hydrogenated cottonseed oil under the experimental conditions used.
Determination of Furan Fatty Acids in Food Samples
Authors: Vetter Walter , Laure Sophia , Wendlinger Christine , Mattes Axel , Smith Andrew W. T. , Knight David W. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFuran fatty acids (F‐acids) are valuable bioactive compounds found at low concentrations in food. A method for the quantitative determination of saturated F‐acids in food is reported. The sample preparation is based on accelerated solvent extraction, transesterification into methyl esters and silver ion chromatography (20% AgNO3 in silica, 1% deactivated) of the resulting methyl esters. There then follows determination of the enriched F‐acid methyl (or ethyl) esters by GC/EI‐MS in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The 9‐(3‐methyl‐5‐pentylfuran‐2‐yl)‐nonanoic acid ethyl ester (9M5‐EE) was used as an internal standard for recovery checks. The limit of detection was 11 pg, and the recovery rate of the silver ion chromatography was 85% (n = 5). Further F‐acid standards were used for evaluation of individual SIM‐responses. Application of the method to various biological samples gave the following results: champignons (n = 2) contained 1.7 or 2.5 mg/100 g dry weight F‐acids, while fish oil capsules (n = 5) contained between 18 and 234 mg/100 g oil F‐acids distributed over up to seven F‐acids. The concentrations and patterns were different to fresh fish. Accordingly, fish oil supplements seem to be a minor source for F‐acids compared to (fresh) fish. Organic butter samples (n = 4) contained about twice the amount of F‐acids when compared with conventional butter (n = 5).
When promoting a charity can hurt charitable giving: A metacognitive analysis
Authors: Smith Robert W. , Schwarz Norbert 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCharities need to come to mind to enter a potential donor's consideration set. However, feeling familiar with a charity and its cause can facilitate or impair giving. In most cases, perceived good memory for details of the cause fosters the impression of personal importance, which increases giving (Studies 1 and 3). But when the charity aims to increase awareness of a cause, good memory for the cause suggests that awareness is already high, which impairs giving (Studies 2 and 3). Hence, promotions for awareness‐raising charities can actually have negative consequences, confirming the predictions of a metacognitive analysis.
The conservation of an aqueous fluid in inclusions in minerals and their interstices at high pressures and temperatures during the decomposition of antigorite
Authors: Chepurov A.I. , Tomilenko A.A. , Zhimulev E.I. , Sonin V.M. , Chepurov A.A. , Kovyazin S.V. , Timina T.Yu. , Surkov N.V. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAn experimental study of serpentine decomposition at high pressure (4.5 GPa) was carried out to elucidate if water can be preserved in the system in the form other than structural admixtures in minerals. This problem is of interest because it is water that plays a leading role in the melting in a subducted slab and a mantle wedge. To estimate the possible content of an aqueous fluid in deep-seated rocks, a BARS pressless split-sphere apparatus was used in complex with thermobarogeochemistry and gas chromatography. It has been established that the serpentine decomposition is accompanied by the release of water, which concentrates in inclusions in the produced minerals (olivine and orthopyroxene) and their interstices. Chromatographic analysis with a stepwise heating of samples showed that most of the released water is localized in the interstices, and the rest is conserved in fluid inclusions in the minerals. The produced solid phases conserve 0.13 to 2.43 wt.% fluids as inclusions, with water amounting to 0.1–2.06 wt.%. The content of inclusions determined by microscopic examination falls in this region. Since the mobility of the fluid conserved as inclusions in the olivine and orthopyroxene is significantly lower than that in the interstices, this fluid might be better preserved in olivine-containing rocks subsided to depth.
Crust structure and composition in the southern Siberian craton (influence zone of Baikal rifting), from magnetotelluric data
Authors: Epov M.I. , Pospeeva E.V. , Vitte L.V. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The magnetotelluric (MT) profile traverses the southeastern edge of the Siberian craton and the adjacent Paleozoic Olkhon collision zone, both being within the influence area of the Baikal rifting. The processed MT data have been integrated with data on the crust structure and composition, as well as with magnetic, gravity, and seismic patterns. Large resistivity lows are interpreted with reference to new geothermal models of rifted crust in the Baikal region. The northwestern and southeastern flanks of the profile corresponding, respectively, to the craton and the collision zone differ markedly in the crust structure and composition and in the intensity of rifting-related processes, the difference showing up in the resistivity pattern. The high-grade metamorphic and granitic crust of the craton basement in the northwestern profile flank is highly resistive but it includes a conductor (less than 50 ohm · m) below 16–20 km and a nearly vertical conductive layer in the upper crust. The crust in the southeastern part, within the collision zone, is lithologically heterogeneous and heavily faulted. High resistivities are measured mainly in the upper crust composed of collisional plutonic and metamorphic complexes. Large and deep resistivity lows over the greatest part of the section are due to Cenozoic activity and rift-related transcrustal faults that vent mantle fluids constantly recharged from deeper mantle.
GENERALISING QUASINORMAL SUBGROUPS
Authors: STONEHEWER STEWART 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn Cossey and Stonehewer [‘On the rarity of quasinormal subgroups’, Rend. Semin. Mat. Univ. Padova125 (2011), 81–105] it is shown that for any odd prime p and integer n≥3, there is a finite p-group G of exponent pn containing a quasinormal subgroup H of exponent pn−1 such that the nontrivial quasinormal subgroups of G lying in H can have exponent only p, pn−1 or, when n≥4 , pn−2. Thus large sections of these groups are devoid of quasinormal subgroups. The authors ask in that paper if there is a nontrivial subgroup-theoretic property 𝔛 of finite p-groups such that (i) 𝔛 is invariant under subgroup lattice isomorphisms and (ii) every chain of 𝔛-subgroups of a finite p-group can be refined to a composition series of 𝔛-subgroups. Failing this, can such a chain always be refined to a series of 𝔛-subgroups in which the intervals between adjacent terms are restricted in some significant way? The present work embarks upon this quest.