bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient and carer participation in old age psychiatry in England. Part II: models of participation
Authors: Benbow Susan Mary 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: There are a number of models of patient and carer participation. Their usefulness and applicability to old age psychiatry is considered.Methods: Models of participation are reviewed and related to examples of participation initiatives drawn from the author's work in the context of the National Health Service in the United Kingdom.Results: Models of participation which emphasize collaboration and partnership are found to be useful. Simple interventions such as copying letters to patients and/or carers can lead to change in the balance of power between staff and patients/carers. Initiatives which draw on the experiences of patients and carers can facilitate organizational learning and development. Involving patients and carers in education offers a way to influence services and the staff working in them.Conclusion: Participation is better understood as a spectrum rather than a hierarchy. Old age psychiatry services would benefit from developing greater patient and carer participation at all levels.
OPTIMAL INVESTMENT AND REINSURANCE IN A JUMP DIFFUSION RISK MODEL
Authors: LIN XIANG , YANG PENG 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe consider an insurance company whose surplus is governed by a jump diffusion risk process. The insurance company can purchase proportional reinsurance for claims and invest its surplus in a risk-free asset and a risky asset whose return follows a jump diffusion process. Our main goal is to find an optimal investment and proportional reinsurance policy which maximizes the expected exponential utility of the terminal wealth. By solving the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation, closed-form solutions for the value function as well as the optimal investment and proportional reinsurance policy are obtained. We also discuss the effects of parameters on the optimal investment and proportional reinsurance policy by numerical calculations.
Use of Macrophytes for Egg Deposition by the Endangered Fountain Darter
Authors: Phillips Catherine T. , Alexander Mara L. , Gonzales Alyson M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUse of habitats for egg deposition by the endangered fountain darter Etheostoma fonticola was evaluated through examination of seven probable microhabitat types in the wild (San Marcos River, Texas) and through laboratory trials with six artificial form‐equivalent habitats. Eggs were deposited on native vegetation in the wild; significantly more eggs were found on filamentous algae Rhizoclonium sp. than on Illinois pondweed Potamogeton illinoensis, waterthyme Hydrilla verticillata (an exotic macrophyte), or nonvegetated gravel. Eggs were also found on creeping primrose‐willow Ludwigia repens, delta arrowhead Sagittaria platyphylla, and endangered Texas wildrice Zizania texana. Within vegetated habitats, more eggs were deposited on plants growing in sand than silt substrate. This probably corresponds to the habitat requirements for the species; the fountain darter is abundant in slower‐moving reaches within the river headwaters, and the presence of silt is an indicator of poor or less‐preferred habitat. Results of laboratory trials generally corresponded with field results: larger numbers of eggs were deposited on the form‐equivalent Rhizoclonium sp. and L. repens. It is likely that the presence of native macrophytes is necessary for successful fountain darter reproduction.
Toward Wave Rhetorics for Scholarly Communications in Human Sciences
Authors: Sung-Gi Jon 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTTraditionally, rhetoric is defined as the study and practice of persuasion, which is, according to Richards, “the theory of the battle of words and has always been itself dominated by the combative impulse”. This seems to have remained true. Foss/Foss even say that conquest rhetoric and conversion rhetoric have become almost “default modes of communication”. Scholarly communications do not seem to operate differently. Nonetheless, we can observe the emergence of diverse wave rhetorics, community oriented, in contrast with traditional “particle rhetorics”, individual centered. In this search toward wave rhetorics, recent Asian communication studies are not to be omitted. To deepen the research on these wave rhetorics, we need to reconsider the problem of language and misunderstanding, which is a main cause for communicational conflicts. This is a long and difficult process, which demands much imagination, creativity, and endeavor, but which is also well worth it.
Hugh Blair'sObservations upon a Pamphlet(1755): Introduction and Text
Authors: O'Rourke Sean Patrick 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis article provides a critical edition and brief introduction to a polemical pamphlet of Hugh Blair published anonymously under the title Observations upon a Pamphlet, Intitled, An Analysis of the Moral and Religious Sentiments contained in the Writings of Sopho, and David Hume, Esq; &c. (1755). The work participates in a contemporary controversy concerning human nature and religion. Within the controversy Henry Home, Lord Kames, and David Hume had been attacked for their views on free will, not least in a tract by conservative churchman John Bonar. Blair's pamphlet defends Kames and Hume and provides a rare look at Blair's rhetorical practice apart from his extant sermons.
Efficacy and safety of rituximab in common variable immunodeficiency‐associated immune cytopenias: a retrospective multicentre study on 33 patients
Authors: Gobert Delphine , Bussel James B. , Cunningham‐Rundles Charlotte , Galicier Lionel , Dechartres Agnès , Berezne Alice , Bonnotte Bernard , DeRevel Thierry , Auzary Christophe , Jaussaud Roland , Larroche Claire , LeQuellec Alain , Ruivard Marc , Seve Pascal , Smail Amar , Viallard Jean‐François , Godeau Bertrand , Hermine Olivier , Michel Marc 
Published: October 2011

SummaryPatients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) are at high risk of developing immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and/or autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AHA). Given their underlying immunodeficiency, immunosuppressive treatment of these manifestations may increase the risk of infection. To assess efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with CVID‐associated ITP/AHA, a multicentre retrospective study was performed. Thirty‐three patients, 29 adults and four children, were included. Patients received an average of 2·6 treatments prior to rituximab including steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and splenectomy (21%). The median ITP/AHA duration at time of first rituximab administration was 12 months [range 1–324] and the indication for using rituximab was ITP (22 cases), AHA (n = 5) or both (n = 7); 1 patient was treated sequentially for ITP and then AHA. The overall initial response rate to rituximab was 85% including 74% complete responses. After a mean follow‐up of 39 ± 30 months after rituximab first administration, 10 of the initial responders relapsed and re‐treatment with rituximab was successful in 7/9. Severe infections occurred after rituximab in eight adults (24%), four of whom were not on immunoglobulin replacement therapy. In conclusion, rituximab appears to be highly effective and relatively safe for the management of CVID‐associated severe immune cytopenias.
Comparing the impact of bentonite addition for both must clarification and wine fining on the chemical profile of wine from Chambave Muscat grapes
Authors: Lambri Milena , Dordoni Roberta , Silva Angela , De Faveri Dante M. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe impact of bentonite fining is generally studied on final wines, and few studies have evaluated it throughout the winemaking process. This work studied the fate of proteins and terpenols, the main targets of bentonite addition, during the processing of Chambave Muscat aromatic grapes. The experimental trials were performed in two vintages (2006 and 2007) and included the following processes: bentonite addition to must only (100 g hL−1 in both vintages), fining of wine only (100 g hL−1 in both vintages), double bentonite treatment on must and wine (200 and 150 g hL−1 in 2006 and in 2007, respectively) and no treatment (control). The results demonstrated that the treatment allowing the best removal of protein was the addition of bentonite to must only. Moreover, a lower removal of free terpenols was observed in samples from double treatment compared with wines fined with bentonite only after alcoholic fermentation.
Sampling method for estimating neutral allele frequency in a pedigreed population
Authors: Honda Takeshi , Sasazaki Shinji , Oyama Kenji , Mukai Fumio , Nomura Tetsuro 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe estimated allele frequency at neutral DNA marker loci is a fundamental parameter for establishing a conservation scheme for a set of livestock breeds. In this study, we propose a novel ‘minimum distance (MD) method’ for estimating neutral allele frequencies, which minimizes the error by the use of pedigree information. Using computer simulation and actual microsatellite data for a pedigreed cattle population, the performance of the proposed method was compared with that of conventional random sampling (RND). MD manifests a promising superiority to RND, irrespective of the sample size and the depth of pedigree. It is theoretically demonstrated that the error of the estimates depends on both the sample size and the distance of founder allele frequencies between the sampled and the non‐sampled individuals. MD samples individuals so as to minimize the latter source of estimation error.
Infection and colonisation due to Scedosporium in Northern Spain. An in vitro antifungal susceptibility and molecular epidemiology study of 60 isolates
Authors: Lackner M. , Rezusta A. , Villuendas M. C. , Palacian M. P. , Meis J. F. , Klaassen C. H. 
Published: October 2011

SummarySince the latest taxonomical changes in the genus Scedosporium by Gilgado et al. in 2010, no species‐specific studies on epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility patterns (AFSP) have so far been published. This study aimed to provide qualitative epidemiological data of Scedosporium spp. isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and immunocompromised patients from Northern Spain. Isolates were identified by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and species‐specific AFSP were generated for all currently available antifungal compounds. AFLP was a useful tool for identification to species‐level and for the discrimination of inter‐ and intra‐patient isolates. Scedosporium prolificans represents the most prevalent species in the respiratory tract of CF patients and immunocompromised patients in Northern‐Spain, followed by Pseudallescheria boydii, P. apiosperma, and P. ellipsoidea. CF patients were exclusively colonised with either P. boydii or S. prolificans. Patients were colonised over years exclusively with isolates affiliated to one species, but some patients were colonised with multiple strains with different AFSP. The sum of those co‐colonising strains in one patient, may appear in vitro and in vivo as a multi‐resistant S. prolificans isolate, as strains are morphologically identical and might therefore be regarded as only one strain. A majority of Scedosporium strains (with exception of S. prolificans) were found susceptible for voriconazole and micafungin.
Stillbirth following severe symmetric fetal growth restriction due to reactivation of Epstein–Barr virus infection in pregnancy
Authors: Tomai Xuan‐Hong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in pregnancy and consequent fetal outcomes are rarely reported. The majority of cases described strongly support the possibility of transmission of this virus in utero and during delivery, resulting in stillbirth and/or congenital defects. We present a case of EBV reactivation in pregnancy that caused a severe symmetrical fetal growth restriction (FGR) and ultimately spontaneous fetal death. A 36‐year‐old woman, whose infection status was undetermined, was diagnosed with severe FGR at 24 weeks' gestation. The fetal karyotype was normal. EBV DNA was detected in the amniotic fluid and maternal immunoglobulin G antibodies were positive. At 30 weeks' gestation, the fetus died spontaneously. Placental examination found evidence of deciduitis and villitis. Reactivation of EBV infection appears to be related to FGR and warrants further research to determine the optimal management strategy in pregnancy.
Expression of Concern: Bone turnover in preeclampsia‐complicated pregnancy in North Indian women
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Devi Salam Gyaneshwori , Prasad Sudha , Kapoor Sanjana , Sharma Shashi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim:  This prospective study aims to investigate the levels of bone turnover markers in pregnancy and correlate it with the assessment of preeclampsia.Methods:  A total of 140 women were followed up during their pregnancy. The women who developed preeclampsia (n = 22), were compared with age‐matched women (controls) who did not develop preeclampsia and had an uncomplicated pregnancy (n = 22). Maternal serum levels of serum bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (sBAP), a marker of bone formation, and N‐telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTx), a marker of bone resorption, were estimated at recruitment (in the second trimester) and at delivery. sBAP and NTx levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Serum and urinary calcium titers were compared by using a commercially‐available calcium assay kit.Results:  Serum NTx levels increased significantly during pregnancy (P < 0.02) and were significantly higher at delivery (P < 0.01) in women with preeclampsia compared with controls. The levels of sBAP and serum calcium did not change significantly in both groups during pregnancy. There was no significant correlation between sBAP and NTx with maternal factors. A negative correlation was observed between sBAP and NTx levels in the preeclamptic group.Conclusions:  Biochemical markers of bone turnover are greater in preeclampsia compared with normal pregnancy only when the disease is clinically evident (at delivery).
Secondary postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine artery pseudoaneurysm rupture in von Willebrand disease
Authors: Shimizu Misao , Kondoh Eiji , Ueda Masashi , Kakui Kazuyo , Tatsumi Keiji , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe here report a case of a 33‐year‐old woman who experienced secondary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to uterine artery pseudoaneurysm rupture. She had intrauterine balloon tamponade for unexplained primary PPH after spontaneous vaginal delivery, and subsequent angiography showed no abnormal contrast extravasation. However, profuse vaginal bleeding occurred 22 days postpartum. Color Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated an anechoic mass with turbulent flow in the lower uterine segment, corresponding to uterine artery pseudoaneurysm. She was successfully treated with selective uterine arterial embolization. Decreased levels of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII led to the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease. When it is determined that a patient has unexplained PPH or uterine artery pseudoaneurysm, a high index of suspicion and further investigation for underlying bleeding disorders is warranted.
Inter‐Firm Trade Finance in Times of Crisis
Authors: Menichini Anna Maria C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe paper discusses the main features that distinguish inter‐firm international trade finance from alternative sources of financing and evaluates the potential effects of a financial crisis on the use of this form of financing for firms operating in developing countries. It argues that, on the one hand, inter‐firm trade finance could help overcome informational problems associated with other lending relationships, but, on the other, it may contribute to propagate shocks because of the interconnection among firms along credit chains. While these advantages could remain largely unexploited because of poor legal institutions, the disadvantages could be exacerbated because of these firms’ greater exposure to a default chain. Based on these arguments, a menu of choices is identified for policymakers to boost firms’ access to inter‐firm trade finance in times of crisis.
Toward a New Paradigm: Goal‐based Residency Training
Authors: Tintinalli Judith E. , Shofer Francis , Biese Kevin , Phipps Julie , Rabinovich Sergio 
Published: October 2011

Academic Emergency Medicine 2011; 18:S71–S78 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  Many factors affect the clinical training experience of emergency medicine (EM) residents, and length of training currently serves as a proxy for clinical experience. Very few studies have been published that provide quantitative information about clinical experience. The goals of this study were to determine the numbers of clinical encounters for each resident in emergency department (ED) rotations during training in a 3‐year program, to characterize these encounters by patient acuity and age, to determine the numbers of encounters for selected clinical disorders, and to assess the variation in clinical experience between residents.Methods:  This was a retrospective analysis of the ED clinical and administrative databases at two hospitals that provide EM training for a southeastern U.S. EM residency program. Data were gathered for three complete cohorts of residents, with entering years of 2003, 2004, and 2005, so the total study period was 2003–2008. ED clinical encounter information included hospital training site (tertiary or community), postgraduate year (PGY) of the resident, patient triage acuity reflected by the Emergency Severity Index (ESI); patient International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) diagnostic code; and patient age group.Results:  There were 25 residents with 120,240 total ED clinical encounters from 2003 to 2008. The median number of ED clinical encounters for a resident during his or her training was 4,836 (range = 3,831 to 5,780), based on a maximum of an 80‐hour work week, and 24 or 25 four‐week blocks of EM rotations. Overall, clinical encounters increased by 30% from PGY 1 to PGY 2, and another 14% from PGY 2 to PGY 3. There was 30% to 60% variation in clinical encounters between individual residents. Variability was most prominent in the care of children and in the care of time‐sensitive critical illness. Resident encounters with lower‐acuity problems during training were much less than the anticipated lower‐acuity burden during practice. Additionally, residents did not encounter some high‐risk conditions clinically during the study period.Conclusions:  Methods should be developed to decrease resident variance in both numbers and types of clinical encounters and to provide curriculum supplementation for individuals and for the entire residency cohort in areas that are important for the clinical practice of EM, but that are rare or not encountered during residency training.
In vitro maturation: a five‐year experience
Authors: ROESNER SABINE , VON WOLFF MICHAEL , EBERHARDT INGEBORG , BEUTER‐WINKLER PETRA , TOTH BETTINA , STROWITZKI THOMAS 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective. Although some patients may benefit from reduced follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) application, in‐vitro maturation (IVM) belongs to the rare treatment options in assisted reproduction. We summarize our five‐year IVM experience. Design. Retrospective, observational study. Setting. Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital. Sample. 115 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as well as patients after ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) from February 2005 to December 2009. Material and Methods. Stimulation started between day 3–10 of the menstrual cycle and FSH dosage was 125IU/day over three days. Ovulation was induced on the third day of FSH injection or one day afterwards and oocyte retrieval was performed 33–38 hours later. Oocytes were cultivated for 24 hours in IVM medium. Fertilization was carried out one day after oocyte retrieval and embryo transfer two days afterwards. Main outcome measures. Pregnancy rates. Results. 115 patients were included and 215 oocyte retrievals (intracytoplasmic sperm injection: n=125, 59%; in vitro fertilization: n=73, 34.4%) with 177 embryo transfers performed. The main reasons for IVM were: PCOS (71.7%) and OHSS (15.0%). Mean number of oocytes was 8.9/oocyte retrieval with 5.9 (64%) becoming mature, 2.8 (45.1%) being fertilized and 2.1 transferred. Pregnancy rate per transfer was 15.3% (n=27) with 13 live births (7.3%), one intrauterine death (0.6%), four miscarriages (2.3%) and nine biochemical pregnancies (5.1%). In 61 cases, fertilized oocytes were frozen and 32 cryotransfers were performed, resulting in three pregnancies. Conclusions. Although the pregnancy rate was low, IVM is very convenient for patients due to low FSH dosages and few appointments at low cost.
ENTEROTOXIN GENE PROFILE AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF BACILLUS CEREUS STRAINS ISOLATED FROM RAW MEATS AND MEAT PRODUCTS
Authors: RATHER M.A. , AULAKH R.S. , GILL J.P.S. , GHATAK S. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe present investigation was undertaken to study the incidence and antibiogram of enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus in raw meats and meat products. B. cereus was isolated from 97 (37.45%) of the 259 samples analyzed. Recorded incidences of B. cereus from chicken, chevon, mutton, meat products and swab samples were 33.33, 37.20, 39.47, 51.85 and 26.08%, respectively. Screening of isolates by multiplex polymerase chain reaction revealed the overall distribution of various enterotoxin genes hblD, hblA, hblC, nheA, nheB, nheC, cytK and entFM as 64.94, 64.94, 68.04, 97.83, 95.87, 93.81, 65.98 and 100%, respectively. Sensitivity of isolates to a panel of 10 antimicrobial agents revealed gentamicin (100%), ciprofloxacin (98.97%), chloramphenicol (89.69%) and streptomycin (85.56%) to be the most effective antibiotics, while the highest resistance was noted against penicillin G (91.75%). A relatively higher incidence of B. cereus in meat products, with the majority of isolates harboring all the enterotoxin genes and detection of multiple antibiotic resistant strains, pose a potential public health threat.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONThe consumption of meat and meat products contaminated with Bacillus cereus is one of the important causes of foodborne illnesses throughout the world. A high incidence of B. cereus in meat, particularly in ready‐to‐eat meat products, poses a serious health threat to the consumers. One of the important concerns regarding this is to determine the source of contamination in the meat in order to prevent it. Moreover, very limited data are available regarding the enterotoxin gene profile and antibiogram of B. cereus strains isolated from such kind of foods. B. cereus isolated from meat and meat products was found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics, strongly hemolytic and showed the presence of at least one enterotoxigenic gene. Therefore, the presence of large number of enterotoxigenic and multiple antibiotic resistant B. cereus strains in the meat and meat products must be considered a potential health hazard.