bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The common objects memory test (COMT): A simple test with cross-cultural applicability
Authors: KEMPLER DANIEL , TENG EVELYN L. , TAUSSIG MARIBEL , DICK MALCOLM B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Common Objects Memory Test (COMT) was developed to assess age-related memory impairments in individuals with a range of educational, language and cultural backgrounds. The COMT is a list-learning protocol that uses photographs of common objects to bypass difficulties posed by written words for individuals who are illiterate or have limited education. Preliminary data are presented for 336 healthy adults and 90 patients with dementia. Their age ranged from 54 to 99 years, education ranged from 0 to 22 years, and they were from five culturally and linguistically distinct populations: Caucasian and African-American English speakers, and native Chinese, Spanish, and Vietnamese speakers. Performance on the COMT was influenced by age, but little influenced by education, and un-influenced by gender or ethnic background. Among 11 neuropsychological tests, the recall scores from the COMT best distinguished healthy individuals from patients with dementia, underscoring its clinical utility for ethnically diverse populations. (JINS, 2010, 16, 537–545.)
Rates of symptom reporting following traumatic brain injury
Authors: DIKMEN SUREYYA , MACHAMER JOAN , FANN JESSE R. , TEMKIN NANCY R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study examines rates of reporting of new or worse post-traumatic symptoms for patients with a broad range of injury severity at 1 month and 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI), as compared with those whose injury spared the head, and assesses variables related to symptom reporting at 1 year post-injury. Seven hundred thirty two TBI subjects and 120 general trauma comparison (TC) subjects provided new or worse symptom information at 1 month and/or 1 year post-injury. Symptom reporting at 1 year post-injury was compared in subgroups based on basic demographics, preexisting conditions, and severity of brain injury. The TBI group reported significantly more symptoms at 1 month and 1 year after injury than TCs (each p < .001). Although symptom endorsement declined from 1 month to 1 year, 53% of people with TBI and 24% of TC continued to report 3 or more symptoms at 1 year post-injury. Symptom reporting in the TBI group was significantly related to age, gender, preinjury alcohol abuse, pre-injury psychiatric history, and severity of TBI. Symptom reporting is common following a traumatic injury and continues to be experienced by a substantial number of TBI subjects of all severity levels at 1 year post-injury. (JINS, 2010, 16, 401–411.)
Comparative analysis of two FFQ
Authors: Keogh Jennifer B , Lange Kylie , Syrette Julie 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the utility of a shorter FFQ compared with a longer FFQ, both of which are commonly used in Australia.DesignComparative study.SettingCommunity setting.SubjectsOne hundred and fifty-nine men (mean 55 (sem 7) years) screened for participation in an intervention study completed both the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation FFQ and the Cancer Council of Victoria FFQ. Agreement between both questionnaires was assessed according to Bland–Altman plots and limits of agreement (LOA) and ordinary least products regression to test for the presence of fixed and proportional bias.ResultsThere was good relative agreement between the methods for energy and macronutrients (Pearson’s correlation coefficients: energy r = 0·7, protein r = 0·6, fat r = 0·8, carbohydrate r = 0·7, alcohol r = 0·8; P < 0·01). Mean group-level agreement for the majority of nutrients (70 %) fell between 80 % and 110 %. According to the criteria used (maximum LOA was 50–200 % and no significant proportional bias), there was acceptable agreement between the FFQ for energy and total saturated and monounsaturated fat, but not for protein, carbohydrate and fibre. Micronutrients that did not meet the agreement criteria including calcium, iron, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin and folate. When the data were analysed according to quintiles, the majority of subjects were either in exactly the same quintile or within one quintile for most nutrients, and 1–2 % were grossly misclassified by three or four quintiles.ConclusionsWe conclude that there is sufficient agreement between the instruments for group-level comparisons in men, but they are not interchangeable for estimation of individual intakes.
Dietary patterns and risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case–control study
Authors: Hajizadeh Bahareh , Rashidkhani Bahram , Rad Anahita H , Moasheri Seyed M , Saboori Hojjatollah 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted a hospital-based, case–control study to examine the association between dietary patterns and the risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Iran.DesignA total of forty-seven patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and ninety-six controls underwent face-to-face interviews. Factor analysis was used to detect dietary patterns. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate OR and 95 % CI.ResultsWe defined two major dietary patterns in this population: ‘healthy diet’ (high in vegetables, nuts, fruits, low-fat dairy and fish) and ‘western diet’ (high in solid oil, sugar, sweets, tea, eggs, pickles and processed meat). Both healthy and western pattern scores were divided into two categories (based on medians). Higher healthy pattern scores were significantly associated with decreased risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (high: second median v. low: first median, OR = 0·17, 95 % CI 0·19, 0·98). An increased risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma was observed with the western pattern (high: second median v. low: first median, OR = 10·13, 95 % CI 8·45, 43·68).ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggested that diet might be associated with oesophageal carcinoma.
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) of Mitotic Chromosomes fromDrosophilaLarval Brain
Authors: Pimpinelli Sergio , Bonaccorsi Silvia , Fanti Laura , Gatti Maurizio 
Published: March 2010

INTRODUCTIONThe fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique permits fine mapping of both middle and highly repetitive DNA sequences alongDrosophila melanogasterheterochromatin. Best results are obtained when this technique is coupled with DAPI staining and digital recording of fluorescent signals. For example, if digital images of the FISH signals and DAPI fluorescence are detected separately using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, they can then be pseudocolored and merged using suitable computer programs. This allows precise overlapping of the DAPI banding (which is identical to the Hoechst 33258 banding) and the FISH signals, facilitating the assignment of the repetitive sequence under study to specific regions of the cytological map ofD. melanogasterheterochromatin. This article describes FISH procedures that are routinely used with larval brain squashes, including preparation of slides, preparation of biotin- and digoxigenin-labeled probes, hybridization, and detection.
Creation of Baculovirus Display Libraries: Figure 1.
Authors: Mäkelä Anna R. , Ernst Wolfgang , Grabherr Reingard , Oker-Blom Christian 
Published: March 2010

INTRODUCTIONThe baculovirus expression vector system has been used extensively to produce numerous proteins originating from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources. In addition to easy cloning techniques and abundant viral propagation, the system’s insect cell environment provides eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery. The baculovirus display vector system provides a number of advantages over prokaryotic systems, allowing the combination of genotype with phenotype, enabling presentation of foreign peptides or even complex proteins on the baculoviral envelope or capsid. Baculoviruses permit larger gene insertions, are easily propagated, and can be grown to high titers. Furthermore, surface modifications of the viral capsid enable specific targeting. This strategy can be used to enhance viral binding and entry to a wide variety of both dividing and nondividing mammalian cells as well as to produce antibodies against the displayed antigen. In addition, the technology should enable modifications of intracellular behavior, i.e., trafficking of recombinant “nanoparticles,” a highly relevant feature for studies of targeted gene or protein delivery. It is important to note that, although the viruses do not replicate in mammalian cells, they are not entirely transcriptionally silent. They can also be highly antigenic when used in vivo, limiting their therapeutic use. This protocol describes methods for generating display libraries.
Immunofluorescence Analysis of Baculovirus-Displayed Viral Proteins on Infected Insect Cells
Authors: Mäkelä Anna R. , Ernst Wolfgang , Grabherr Reingard , Oker-Blom Christian 
Published: March 2010

INTRODUCTIONThe baculovirus expression vector system has been used extensively to produce numerous proteins originating from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources. In addition to easy cloning techniques and abundant viral propagation, the system’s insect cell environment provides eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery. The baculovirus display vector system provides a number of advantages over prokaryotic systems, allowing the combination of genotype with phenotype, enabling presentation of foreign peptides or even complex proteins on the baculoviral envelope or capsid. Baculoviruses permit larger gene insertions, are easily propagated, and can be grown to high titers. Furthermore, the eukaryotic system allows for post-translational modifications, and surface modifications of the viral capsid enable specific targeting. This strategy can be used to enhance viral binding and entry to a wide variety of both dividing and nondividing mammalian cells, as well as to produce antibodies against the displayed antigen. In addition, the technology should enable modifications of intracellular behavior, i.e., trafficking of recombinant “nanoparticles,” a highly relevant feature for studies of targeted gene or protein delivery. After generating the display viral stock, it is important to confirm the presence and functionality of the displayed peptides or proteins on the viral particles before proceeding to further experiments. Accordingly, infected insect cells and budded virions can be analyzed by a variety of methods using appropriate antibodies. This protocol describes a standard immunfluorescence technique in detail.
How Calcium Indicators Work: Figure 1.
Authors: Adams Stephen R. 
Published: March 2010

INTRODUCTIONIn the last two decades, imaging of fluorescent indicators specific for Ca2+ has revealed its often spectacular spatial dynamics, such as rhythmic oscillations or standing gradients, within single groups or individual cells, in unprecedented detail. This short review describes how the more widely used indicators work. The currently used Ca2+ indicators have a modular design consisting of a metal-binding site (or sensor) coupled in some way to a fluorescent dye. Combining different sensors with different dyes results in numerous indicators suited to a wide range of experiments and equipment.
Imaging Single Molecules Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (TIRFM)
Authors: Reck-Peterson Samara L. , Derr Nathan D. , Stuurman Nico 
Published: March 2010

INTRODUCTIONTotal internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) allows fluorescent molecules to be visualized with an unparalleled signal-to-noise ratio. This is achieved by illuminating only the molecules that are within a thin volume near the coverslip surface but not those that are deeper in solution. Using this technique, fluorescent molecules within ~100 nm of the coverslip can be visualized, and single molecules that are separated by a distance greater than the diffraction limit (~200 nm) can be individually resolved. The application of centroid-tracking methods allows subdiffraction-limited localization precision as low as 1 nm. Additionally, by combining centroid-tracking methods with recent advances in fluorophore technology and imaging methods, even those molecules that are present at high concentrations and closer to one another than the diffraction limit can be individually imaged. TIRF is ideally suited for studying protein dynamics on or near the plasma membrane. Although TIRFM was pioneered in the 1980s, it was not until the mid-1990s that single biological molecules were imaged directly. The explosion of new fluorescent proteins, new organic dyes, and quantum dots (Qdots), along with commercially available TIRFMs, has made this technique increasingly useful and accessible to biologists. In this review, we first describe the theory of TIRFM. We then give a detailed description of important considerations for setting up a TIRFM, based on commercially available systems, and review considerations for purification and labeling of proteins. Finally, we discuss new techniques that allow single molecules to be imaged at cellular concentrations and with super-resolution localization.
Optimizing high-pressure pair distribution function measurements in diamond anvil cells
Authors: Chapman Karena W. , Chupas Peter J. , Halder Gregory J. , Hriljac Joseph A. , Kurtz Charles , Greve Benjamin K. , Ruschman Chad J. , Wilkinson Angus P. 
Published: March 2010

Pair distribution function (PDF) methods have great potential for the study of diverse high-pressure phenomena. However, the measurement of high-quality, high-resolution X-ray PDF data (toQmax > 20 Å−1) remains a technical challenge. An optimized approach to measuring high-pressure total scattering data for samples contained within a diamond anvil cell (DAC) is presented here. This method takes into account the coupled influences of instrument parameters (photon energy, detector type and positioning, beam size/shape, focusing), pressure-cell parameters (target pressure range, DAC type, diamonds, pressure-transmitting media, backing plates, pressure calibration) and data reduction on the resulting PDF. The efficacy of our approach is demonstrated by the high-quality, high-pressure PDFs obtained for representative materials spanning strongly and weakly scattering systems, and crystalline and amorphous samples. These are the highest-resolution high-pressure PDFs reported to date and include those for α-alumina (toQmax = 20 Å−1), BaTiO3(toQmax= 30 Å−1) and pressure-amorphized zeolite (toQmax = 20 Å−1).
Final analysis of the UKLG LY02 trial comparing 6–8 cycles of CHOP with 3 cycles of CHOP followed by a BEAM autograft in patients <65 years with poor prognosis histologically aggressive NHL
Authors: Linch David C. , Yung Lynny , Smith Paul , Maclennan Ken , Jack Andrew , Hancock Barry , Cunningham David , Hoskin Peter , Qian Wendi , Holte Harald , Boesen Anne‐Marie , Grigg Andrew , Browett Peter , Trneny Marek 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThis trial involved 457 patients and sought to assess the value of early intensification with autologous transplantation in patients with poor prognosis histologically aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) showing a response to initial CHOP (cyclosphosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) chemotherapy. Randomization was made at the time of diagnosis with 223 assigned to continuing CHOP and 234 to 3 cycles of CHOP followed by a BEAM (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) autograft. Analysis was on an intention to treat basis. After the initial three cycles of CHOP 19% of the whole group were in complete response (CR) and 53% in partial remission (PR). At the end of treatment 86% of patients in the CHOP arm had responded with 58% in CR. In the high‐dose therapy arm the overall response rate was 83% with 64% in CR (difference between arms not significant). The progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival at 5 years for the continuing CHOP arm were 38% and 50% respectively, and for the autograft arm were 44% and 50% (differences not significant). Of the patients who attained CR and subsequently relapsed, there were no long‐term survivors in the autograft recipients compared to 46% of the continuing CHOP recipients (P = 0·0008). In conclusion, no survival benefit was demonstrated for an early autograft in first response.
The novel inhibitor of histone deacetylase resminostat (RAS2410) inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells
Authors: Mandl‐Weber Sonja , Meinel Felix G. , Jankowsky Rüdiger , Oduncu Fuat , Schmidmaier Ralf , Baumann Philipp 
Published: March 2010

SummaryInhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) is a promising mechanism for novel, anti‐myeloma agents. We investigated the effects of the novel HDAC inhibitor resminostat on multiple myeloma (MM) cells in vitro. Resminostat is a potent inhibitor of HDACs 1, 3 and 6 [50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 43–72 nmol/l] representing HDAC classes I and II and induces hyperacetylation of histone H4 in MM cells. Low micromolar concentrations of resminostat abrogated cell growth and strongly induced apoptosis (IC50 = 2·5–3 μmol/l in 3 out of 4 MM cell lines) in MM cell lines as well as primary MM cells. At 1 μmol/l, resminostat inhibited proliferation and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in 3 out of 4 MM cell lines accompanied with decreased levels of cyclin D1, cdc25a, Cdk4 and pRb as well as upregulation of p21. Resminostat decreased phosphorylation of 4E‐BP1 and p70S6k indicating an interference with Akt pathway signalling. Treatment with resminostat resulted in increased protein levels of Bim and Bax and decreased levels of Bcl‐xL. Caspases 3, 8 and 9 were activated by resminostat. Furthermore, synergistic effects were observed for combinations of resminostat with melphalan and the proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and S‐2209. In conclusion, we have identified potent anti‐myeloma activity for this novel HDAC inhibitor.
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B facilitates allergic sensitization in experimental asthma
Authors: Huvenne W. , Callebaut I. , Plantinga M. , Vanoirbeek J. A. J. , Krysko O. , Bullens D. M. A. , Gevaert P. , Van Cauwenberge P. , Lambrecht B. N. , Ceuppens J. L. , Bachert C. , Hellings P. W. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryBackground
Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B (SEB) has immunomodulatory effects in allergic airway disease. The potential contribution of SEB to the sensitization process to allergens remains obscure.Objective
In order to study the effects of staphylococcal‐derived toxins on the sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA) and induction of allergic airway inflammation, we have combined the nasal application of OVA with different toxins.Methods
Nasal applications of OVA and saline, SEA, SEB, toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)‐1, protein A or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were performed on alternate days from day 0 till 12. On day 14, mice were killed for the evaluation of OVA‐specific IgE, cytokine production by mediastinal lymph node (MLN) cells and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) to inhaled metacholine. The effect of SEB on dendritic cell (DC) migration and maturation, and on T cell proliferation was evaluated.Results
Concomitant endonasal application of OVA and SEB resulted in OVA‐specific IgE production, whereas this was not found with SEA, TSST‐1, protein A, LPS or OVA alone. Increased DC maturation and migration to the draining lymph nodes were observed in OVA/SEB mice, as well as an increased T cell proliferation. Bronchial inflammation with an influx of eosinophils and lymphocytes was demonstrated in OVA/SEB mice, together with hyperresponsiveness and the production of IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10 and IL‐13 by MLN stimulated with OVA.Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that SEB facilitates sensitization to OVA and consecutive bronchial inflammation with features of allergic asthma. This is likely due to augmentation of DC migration and maturation, as well as the allergen‐specific T cell proliferation upon concomitant OVA and SEB application. Cite this as: W. Huvenne, I. Callebaut, M. Plantinga, J. A. J. Vanoirbeek, O. Krysko, D. M. A. Bullens, P.Gevaert, P. Van Cauwenberge, B. N. Lambrecht, J. L. Ceuppens, C. Bachert and P. W. Hellings, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1079–1080.
Antigen dose‐dependent suppression of murine IgE responses is mediated by CD4−CD8− double‐negative T cells
Authors: Barwig C. , Raker V. , Montermann E. , Grabbe S. , Reske‐Kunz A. B. , Sudowe S. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryBackground
The IgE response against protein antigens is profoundly influenced by the dose used for sensitization.Objective
The aim of the study was to identify immune cells that are involved in antigen dose‐dependent regulation of IgE formation.Methods
Wild‐type mice as well as T helper (Th)1‐deficient IL‐12p40−/− and IFN‐γ−/− mice were immunized by repeated intraperitoneal injection of either low doses (K01 mice) or high doses (K100 mice) of keyhole limpet haemocyanin adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide. Splenocytes of immunized mice were restimulated in vitro and antigen‐dependent T cell proliferation and cytokine production were measured. The frequency of regulatory T cell subsets among splenocytes from K01 and K100 mice was compared using fluorocytometry and RT‐PCR analysis. Splenocytes or T cell subpopulations were transferred into naïve mice and the effect of lymphocyte transfer on IgE production after priming of recipients with low antigen doses was determined.Results
Specific IgE production was considerably impaired in K100 mice. Antigenic restimulation revealed hypoproliferation of K100 splenocytes and reduced production of Th2 cytokines IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13, but no induction of IFN‐γ production. Moreover, lymphocytes from K01 and K100 mice did not show significant differences in the expression of molecules associated with the phenotype or activity of conventional regulatory T cells. Transfer of splenocytes or purified T cells from K100 mice substantially suppressed the induction of IgE production in the recipients in an antigen‐ and isotype‐specific manner. Neither CD4+ nor CD8+ T cells from K100 mice were able to inhibit IgE formation; instead, we identified CD4−CD8− double‐negative T cells (dnT cells) as the principal T cell population, which potently suppressed IgE production.Conclusion
Our data demonstrate that CD4−CD8− dnT cells play a major role in the regulation of IgE responses induced by high antigen doses.
Senescent leaf exudate increases mosquito survival and microbial activity
Authors: PELZ‐STELINSKI KIRSTEN S. , WALKER EDWARD D. , KAUFMAN MICHAEL G. 
Published: March 2010

1. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of soluble components in senescent leaf material on the growth and development of the eastern tree hole mosquito,Aedes triseriatus(Say). Oak leaves that were either leached for 3 days to remove the labile nutrient fraction, or were not leached, served as basal nutrient inputs in each experiment.2. Mosquito performance in microcosms containing leachate only, was significantly worse compared with microcosms containing leaf material in combination with either leachate or water, indicating the importance of leaf substrates to mosquito production.3. Adult mosquito biomass, emergence, and development time were significantly higher in microcosms containing unleached leaves compared with leached leaf material. Additions of leachate to leached leaf treatments enhanced adult production, but not to the level observed in unleached leaf treatments.4. Filtered and unfiltered leachate added substantial nitrogen and phosphorus to microcosms and significantly affected mosquito growth responses. Bacterial productivity and abundance were also significantly affected by leachate additions and filtering.5. Taken together, these results suggest that while leaves decline with respect to nutritional value during decomposition, they remain important components of the habitat as substrates for microbial growth and mosquito feeding, particularly when nutrients (here, leachate) enter the system. Our results also illustrate the importance of soluble leaf material, which enhances mosquito production through effects on microbial community dynamics.