bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated dual disorders treatment
Authors: Tsai Jack , Salyers Michelle P. , Rollins Angela L. , McKasson Mike , Litmer Melissa L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMental health programs are increasingly combining evidence‐based practices to provide comprehensive services. Individuals with complex services needs, such as those dually diagnosed with mental illness and substance use disorders, are at high risk for numerous negative outcomes and may benefit from such comprehensive programs. This report describes the process and outcomes of a program that formally integrated assertive community treatment, supported housing, and integrated dual disorders treatment for a sample of clients with dual diagnoses. Over a 2‐year period, this pilot program targeted 14 clients with 12 clients successfully transitioned out of a state hospital into the community. Results showed large reductions in hospitalization, homelessness, and incarceration, and increases in employment and later stages of treatment for substance abuse. This study demonstrates the potential of such an integrated program and points to areas for further research in housing services. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of immigrants on the sense of community
Authors: Hombrados‐Mendieta Isabel , Gomez‐Jacinto Luis , Dominguez‐Fuentes Juan Manuel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study investigated the sense of community among residents in the Spanish city of Malaga and the relationship between the components of the sense of community and the quality of life. Given that the phenomenon of immigration is a fact of city life, the authors examine how such coexistence could affect the sense of community and the quality of life as perceived by the residents in different city neighborhoods. The study was conducted in an urban context; 1,600 residents were included in the sample. The sense of community is measured using six dimensions: connection, belonging, support, safety, empowerment, and participation.The results indicate that there are significant differences between most of the components of the sense of community. These results also prove that the increase of the sense of community and quality of life in the residents living with immigrants in the same block of apartments is related to an increase in the contact with immigrants. Implications of the study are described and directions for future research discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Empowerment and peer support: structure and process of self‐help in a consumer‐run center for individuals with mental illness
Authors: Schutt Russell K. , Rogers E. Sally 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPersonal empowerment is a guiding philosophy of many mental health service programs, but there has been little empirical research on the empowerment process in these programs. The authors examine social processes and consumer orientations within a self‐help drop‐in center for individuals with psychiatric disabilities, using intensive interviews and focus groups. They investigate motives for consumer involvement, bases for program retention, and processes of participant change. Motives for involvement in the center were primarily instrumental, whereas the bases of retention were more often maintaining social support and developing self‐esteem. Participants valued the center's nonstigmatizing environment and its supportive consumer staff. Some used the opportunity to become a staff member to move into a more normalized social role; all seemed to derive benefits from helping peers. There were indications of some staff members adopting a more authoritarian posture, but participants repeatedly lauded most staff for their supportive orientation. The authors conclude that the “helper/therapy” process was a key to successful empowerment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychometric properties of the volunteer functions inventory with Chinese students
Authors: Wu Joseph , Wing Lo T. , Liu Elaine S.C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe authors report an evaluation of the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the Volunteer Functions Inventory on a sample of university student volunteers. Reliabilities were high for four out of the six scales of the Inventory (Values, Career, Social, and Understanding) in terms of internal consistency. Items in these four scales also yielded a clean structure in an exploratory factor analysis. Making new friends was found to be a motive, which was separate from sustaining friendships and separate from other motives captured by the Inventory. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the superiority of a 6‐factor model over other measurement models such as unitary, bipartite, and second‐order factor models. Implications for the measurement of motives in volunteerism in general and refinement of the Inventory in particular, are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Monkeys, babies, idiots” and “primitives”: Nature–nurture debates and philanthropic foundation support for American anthropology in the 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Biehn Kersten Jacobson 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThere has been a long discussion among historians about the impact that foundation policies had on the development of the social sciences during the interwar era. This discussion has centered on the degree to which foundation officers, particularly from the Rockefeller boards, exercised a hegemonic influence on research. In this essay, I argue that the field of American cultural anthropology has been neglected and must be reconsidered as a window into foundation intervention in nature–nurture debates. Despite foundation efforts to craft an anthropology policy that privileged hereditarian explanations, I contend that cultural anthropologists were committed to proving the primacy of “nurture,” even when that commitment cost them valuable research dollars. It was this commitment that provided an essential bulwark for the discipline. Ironically, it was the need to negotiate with foundations about the purpose of their research that helped cultural anthropologists to articulate their unique, and thus intrinsically valuable, approach to nature–nurture debates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organizing intelligence: Development of behavioral science and the research based model of business education
Authors: Bottom William P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractConventional history of the predominant, research‐based model of business education (RBM) traces its origins to programs initiated by the Ford Foundation after World War II. This paper maps the elite network responsible for developing behavioral science and the Ford Foundation agenda. Archival records of the actions taken by central nodes in the network permit identification of the original vision statement for the model. Analysis also permits tracking progress toward realizing that vision over several decades. Behavioral science was married to business education from the earliest stages of development. The RBM was a fundamental promise made by advocates for social science funding. Appraisals of the model and recommendations for reform must address its full history, not the partial, distorted view that is the conventional account. Implications of this more complete history for business education and for behavioral theory are considered. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1‐Alkyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4(1H)‐quinolinones by a tandem Michael‐SNAr annulation reaction
Authors: Bunce Richard A. , Nago Takahiro 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA tandem Michael‐SNAr annulation reaction has been developed for the synthesis of 1‐alkyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4(1H)‐quinolinones. Success in the reaction followed expected electronic effects for the final SNAr ring closure. Treatment of doubly activated 1‐(2‐fluoro‐5‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐propen‐1‐one with primary amines in N,N‐dimethylformamide at 50°C for 24 h provided 2,3‐dihydro‐4(1H)‐quinolinones in 67–78% yields. Singly activated 1‐(2‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐propen‐1‐one reacted similarly, but failed to undergo the final ring closure with hindered or aromatic amines. Finally, 1‐(2‐fluoro‐5‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐propen‐1‐one, with one activating and one deactivating group on the ring, gave only simple 1,4‐addition products. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Empowering the ‘socially excluded’ in rural local governments: An exploratory study from a State in India
Authors: Bonu Sekhar , Rani Manju , Peters David H. , Baker Timothy D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe study investigates the effects of mandatory political representation of women and non‐forward castes in India (73rd Constitutional Amendment) on development preferences and social equity. We used systematic content analysis of proceedings from meetings of 155 rural village assemblies. The study revealed overemphasis on physical infrastructure, relative neglect of health and education, influence of state government directives and marginalization of gender issues. However, there was higher likelihood of articulation of non forward caste‐related issues by non‐forward caste chairpersons. A paradigm shift in the development perspective of local governments, stressing investments in leadership development is needed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of wide‐pore monolithic silica column in protein separation
Authors: Morisaka Hironobu , Kobayashi Kengo , Kirino Aya , Furuno Masahiro , Minakuchi Hiroyoshi , Nakanishi Kazuki , Ueda Mitsuyoshi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA monolithic wide‐pore silica column was newly prepared for protein separation. The wide distribution of the pore sizes of monolithic columns was evaluated by mercury porosimetry. This column, as well as the conventional monolithic column, shows high permeability in the chromatographic separation of low‐molecular‐sized substances. In higher‐molecular‐sized protein separation, the wide‐pore monolithic silica column shows better performance than that of the conventional monolithic column. Under optimized conditions, five different proteins – ribonuclease A, albumin, aldolase, catalase, and ferritin – were baseline‐separated within 3 min, which is faster than that using the particle‐packed columns. In addition, the monolithic wide‐pore silica column could also be prepared in fused silica capillary (600 mm long, 0.2 mm i.d.) for highly efficient protein separation. The peak capacity of the wide‐pore monolithic silica capillary column is estimated to be approximately 300 in the case of protein separation, which is a characteristic performance.
Fast analysis of prominent flavonoids in tomato using a monolithic column and isocratic HPLC
Authors: Biesaga Magdalena , Ochnik Urszula , Pyrzynska Krystyna 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRP HPLC–UV–MS was optimized for simultaneous determination of several prominent flavonoids (quercetin, naringenin, naringin, myricetin, rutin and kaempferol) using a commercially available monolithic column and isocratic elution. The concentration of organic modifier (methanol and ACN) was tested in order to obtain the best resolution. The LODs for a UV detector at 254 nm were comprised between 0.1 μg/mL for myricetin and quercetin and 0.5 μg/mL for rutin, naringin and kaempferol with the precision in the range of 1.5–3.0% RSD. MS detection with multiply reaction monitoring (MRM) offers a considerable gain in selectivity as well as sensitivity LODs for flavonoids were in the range of 1–20 ng/mL. The developed method was used for monitoring the content of some flavonoids in tomatoes during their maturation process.
Characterization of monolithic capillary columns using inverse gas chromatography
Authors: Kanatyeva Anastasiya , Korolev Alexander , Shiryaeva Valeria , Popova Tamara , Kurganov Alexander 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPolymeric monoliths of different polymeric natures and different degrees of cross‐linking were prepared in capillaries of inner diameter 100 μm. The properties of the monoliths prepared were investigated by means of inverse gas chromatography. Solubility coefficient S, Flory–Huggins parameter χ12∞, and reduced Flory–Huggins parameter χ12∞′ were evaluated. The solubility parameter S of all samples depends on the degree of cross‐linking of the monoliths, which is characterized by the reduced Flory–Huggins parameter χ12∞′. A linear dependence of the logarithm of the solubility parameter S on the solute critical temperature was also demonstrated, as it is well known for non‐cross linked polymers. The diffusivity of low molecular mass solutes in monoliths was evaluated by calculation of the ratio D/d2f. and a maximum was detected for the dependence of the ratio D/d2f on the degree of cross‐linking of monoliths. Correlation of the measured monolith properties with the separation performance of capillary columns was carried out and revealed that the best performance in GC is provided by monolithic columns prepared from purely bifunctional monomer, i. e. having 100% cross‐linking.
Design and optimization of porous polymer enzymatic digestors for proteomics
Authors: Lin Wei , Skinner Cameron D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEffective protein characterization and identification are demanding and time‐consuming operations in proteomics because of long‐protein purification/separation procedures, and even longer enzymatic digestions. In this work, polymer‐based monolithic enzyme reactors were fabricated in fused‐silica capillaries, and performance was characterized through protein digestion and identification by MALDI‐MS and ESI‐MS. Reactors were prepared by fabricating a porous methacrylate base monolith followed by photografting with glycidyl methacrylate, and immobilization of the enzyme(s) with carbonyldiimidazole. Trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus V‐8 protease (Glu‐C) were used to produce three types of reactors: trypsin‐based, Glu‐C‐based, and trypsin combined with Glu‐C. Protein digestions, performed by perfusing protein solutions through the reactor under pressure, were evaluated based on the peptide map generated when directly coupled to an ESI mass spectrometer. Excellent digestion was observed over flow rates from 0.2 to 1 μL/min, which corresponds to reactor residence times of 0.24–1.4 min. As a proof of principle, chromatographic separation of model proteins followed by the digestion of specific fractions using these proteolytic enzyme reactors and ESI‐MS is demonstrated.
Desipramine inhibits the growth of a mouse skin squamous cell carcinoma cell line and affects glucocorticoid receptor‐mediated transcription
Authors: Kinjo Tatsuya , Kowalczyk Piotr , Kowalczyk Magdalena , Walaszek Zbigniew , Nishimaki Tadashi , Slaga Thomas J. , Hanausek Margaret 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of tricyclic antidepressant desipramine (DMI) on the growth inhibition and translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in cancerous and noncancerous cell lines and the effect of DMI on GR‐mediated transcription. Nontumorigenic, immortalized keratinocytes cell line (3PC), papilloma (MT1/2), and squamous cell carcinoma (Ca3/7) cell lines were initially used to study the cell growth inhibition by DMI. Although, the growth of all three cell lines was suppressed by DMI, it was more effective in Ca3/7 cells. Therefore, we next examined the effect of DMI on Ca3/7 cells, resistant to growth inhibition by the synthetic glucocorticoid fluocinolone acetonide (FA). DMI inhibited cell proliferation in a time‐dependent manner. The translocation of GR was induced by FA alone, DMI alone, and combination of both agents. FA induced GR‐mediated transcription in Ca3/7 cells transfected with a luciferase reporter gene under the control of glucocorticoid response element (GRE), but DMI alone did not affect GR‐mediated transcription. However, DMI inhibited FA‐induced, GR‐mediated transcription when both agents were given together. Pretreatment with DMI followed by combination of DMI and FA decreased GR‐mediated transcription more than pretreatment with FA. The expression of metallothionein‐1 (Mt‐1) gene, which is regulated by GR, was induced significantly by the combination of DMI and FA, and enhanced significantly by pretreatment with FA but not DMI. DMI is suggested to inhibit the growth of Ca3/7 cells and to affect GR‐mediated transcription. Mol. Carcinog. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluating wind fields from a diagnostic model over complex terrain in the Phoenix region and implications to dispersion calculations for regional emergency response
Authors: Wang Weiguo , Shaw William J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper compares the wind field from a diagnostic model (CALMET) over complex terrain in the Phoenix region in the USA with observations that are gridded by a state‐of‐the‐art Four‐Dimensional Data Assimilation (FDDA) system. The wind difference between the CALMET and FDDA wind fields is larger at night than in the day. The magnitude of the wind difference can be smaller than 5% of the mean wind speed at low levels in areas with dense observational stations, while it can be larger than 80% in areas without observational stations or at high altitudes. The vector‐mean wind direction difference over the domain is 15° on the surface level and 25° between 10 and 1500 m. To evaluate the effects of the wind difference on dispersion calculations, dispersion of a hypothetical passive tracer released from surface point sources is simulated by the second‐order closure integrated puff (SCIPUFF) model driven by the CALMET and FDDA wind fields, respectively. Differences in the two simulated tracer concentration fields increase with time due to accumulation of effects of the wind differences both near the surface and at higher altitudes. Even for release in the area with the densest distribution of surface stations, the relative difference in the peak surface concentration from CALMET‐SCIPUFF and from FDDA‐SCIPUFF is less than 10% only within 0.5 h after the release in the afternoon, and increases to 70% at 1.5 h; this is because of large differences in wind above the surface. For release in the area with few stations, the difference can be larger than 100% or even larger after 1.5 h from the release. To improve dispersion simulations driven by the CALMET wind in the region, observations at upper‐air stations are needed and the current surface observation network needs to be reorganized or more stations are needed to account for the influence of terrain. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Homotopy perturbation method for homogeneous Smoluchowsk's equation
Authors: Biazar Jafar , Ayati Zainab , Yaghouti Mohammad Reza 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this work, homotopy perturbation method (HPM) has been used to solve homogeneous Smoluchowsk's equation. The results will be compared with Adomian decomposition method (ADM). It is shown that the results of the HPM are the same as those obtained by ADM. To illustrate the reliability of the method, some special cases of the equation have been solved as examples. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
Interpreting diachronic osteological variation at the medieval necropolis of the Sant Pere Churches (Terrassa, Spain)
Authors: Jordana X. , Isidro A. , Malgosa A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyse the diachronic variation in the skeletal sample exhumed from the medieval necropolis of Sant Pere Churches, interpreting the results using the archaeological and historical evidence. The Sant Pere Churches are a monumental Romanic complex located in Terrassa (Spain) and built over the earlier Episcopal Cathedral of Egara from the Visigoth period. Egara has traditionally been considered the precursor of the current city of Terrassa; however this name disappeared from historical documentary sources after the period of Muslim incursions into Hispania (8th century). An archaeological excavation undertaken recently at the Sant Pere Churches provided us with the opportunity to study the population that was interred in this complex during that epoch. In total, the skeletal remains of 208 individuals were examined. In order to analyse the diachronic variation, the sample was divided into two periods, that of the Cathedral of Egara (4th–8th centuries;N = 128) and that of the Parish Churches of Terrassa (9th–13th centuries;N = 80). Both periods of the complex exhibited a similar skeletal age distribution, including under‐representation of non‐adult individuals. Nevertheless, a bias towards males in terms of sex distribution, sex differences in the mortality level and greater sexual dimorphism were observed in the population interred at the Cathedral of Egara. Moreover, analysis of the prevalence of skeletal disorders also provided evidence of higher differences between sexes for the period of the Episcopal Cathedral of Egara, the female population exhibiting the lower prevalence. Additionally, diachronic variation in both postcranial and dental disease patterns was observed, suggesting different activity patterns and food consumption between the periods. Overall, the results suggested that diachronic osteological variation observed in the Sant Pere Churches skeletal sample was most probably linked with the changes in the role of the complex following the Muslim incursion of the 8th century. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composites of carbon nanofibers and thermoplastic polyurethanes with shape‐memory properties prepared by chaotic mixing
Authors: Jimenez Guillermo A. , Jana Sadhan C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractComposites of carbon nanofibers (CNFs), oxidized carbon nanofibers (ox‐CNFs), and shape‐memory thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were prepared in a chaotic mixer and their shape‐memory properties evaluated. The polymer was synthesized from 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,4‐butanediol chain extender, and semicrystalline poly(ε‐caprolactone) diol soft segments. The shape‐memory action was triggered by both conductive and resistive heating. It was found that soft segment crystallinity and mechanical reinforcement by nanofibers produced competing effects on shape‐memory properties. A large reduction in soft segment crystallinity in the presence of CNF and stronger mechanical reinforcement by well‐dispersed ox‐CNF determined the shape‐memory properties of the respective composites. It was found that the maximum shape recovery force, respectively, 3 and 4 MPa, was obtained in the cases of 5 and 1 wt% CNF and ox‐CNF, respectively, compared with ∼1.8 MPa for unfilled TPU. The degree of soft segment and hard segment phase separation and thermal stability of the composites were analyzed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers.
A real‐time process optimization system for injection molding
Authors: Li Dequn , Zhou Huamin , Zhao Peng , Li Yang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe proposed real‐time intelligent model for the injection molding process control consists of the initial parameters setting and online defects correction. First, preliminary optimization based on a simplified simulation model is used for the initial setting. This simplified model adopts a geometric approximation of the original part by a rectangular edge‐gated plate. Then, the molding trial will be run on the molding machine by using the initial process parameters. And a fuzzy inference model based on expert knowledge is developed for correcting defects during the molding trial. This defects correction procedure will be repeated until the part quality is found satisfactory. A corresponding intelligent system has been developed that is integrated with the injection machine by communicating with the controller. The system can be used to optimize process parameters real time. Experimental studies have been carried out for verification. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers.