bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An open source chimera checker for the fungal ITS region
Authors: NILSSON R. H. , ABARENKOV KESSY , VELDRE VILMAR , NYLINDER STEPHAN , DE WIT PIERRE , BROSCHÉ SARA , ALFREDSSON JOHAN F. , RYBERG MARTIN , KRISTIANSSON ERIK 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal repeat unit holds a central position in the pursuit of the taxonomic affiliation of fungi recovered through environmental sampling. Newly generated fungal ITS sequences are typically compared against the International Nucleotide Sequence Databases for a species or genus name using the sequence similarity software suite blast. Such searches are not without complications however, and one of them is the presence of chimeric entries among the query or reference sequences. Chimeras are artificial sequences, generated unintentionally during the polymerase chain reaction step, that feature sequence data from two (or possibly more) distinct species. Available software solutions for chimera control do not readily target the fungal ITS region, but the present study introduces a blast‐based open source software package (available at http://www.emerencia.org/chimerachecker.html) to examine newly generated fungal ITS sequences for the presence of potentially chimeric elements in batch mode. We used the software package on a random set of 12 300 environmental fungal ITS sequences in the public sequence databases and found 1.5% of the entries to be chimeric at the ordinal level after manual verification of the results. The proportion of chimeras in the sequence databases can be hypothesized to increase as emerging sequencing technologies drawing from pooled DNA samples are becoming important tools in molecular ecology research.
Foot deformities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the relationship with foot functions
Authors: GÖKSEL KARATEPE Altınay , GÜNAYDIN Rezzan , ADIBELLI Zehra Hilal , KAYA Taciser , DURUÖZ Evrim 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to investigate foot deformities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to detect frequency of deformities and to assess the relationship between foot deformities and foot functions.Methods:  Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of 40 patients and 40 control subjects were studied. The hallux valgus (HV) angle, intermetatarsal angle between first and second metatarsals, intermetatarsal angle between first and fifth metatarsals, and calcaneal pitch were measured on radiographs. Foot functions were measured by the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS).Results:  The frequency of foot deformities in RA patients was determined as 78.8%. The most frequent foot deformity in RA patients was HV (62.5%), followed by metatarsus primus varus (MPV) (41.3%). MPV and splaying of the forefoot deformities were significantly more frequent in RA patients than the control group (P < 0.05). Mild to moderate effect on FAOS subscales was observed in RA patients. There was a slight, but significant correlation between the foot deformities and the FAOS subscales except for quality of life subscale.Conclusions:  In this study, it has been shown that foot deformities are frequent in patients with RA and that there is slight deterioration in foot functions related to RA. Our results indicated that foot deformities have small, but clinically important changes on foot functions. There is a need for more studies, which evaluates the foot deformities, to further explore the relationship between the foot deformities and foot function in patients with RA.
Live polio vaccine exposure while receiving anti‐TNF therapy for reactive arthritis
Authors: BADSHA Humeira , DAHER Mirna , EDWARDS Christopher J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractInternational guidelines state that live vaccines are contraindicated in patients on anti‐TNF therapy. However, we report the experience of a patient who inadvertently received live polio vaccine whilst receiving anti‐TNF therapy. Patient did not suffer from any infectious sequel as a result. No clear guidelines are available for all vaccines in patients with specific rheumatic diseases. However, if we consider adult patients with rheumatic diseases to have altered immunocompetence, it is recommended that they receive the usual inactivated vaccines according to standard schedules, and live vaccines should be avoided in those who are treated with more potent forms of immune suppression. Patients should be counseled regarding the risks of live vaccines prior to treatment with anti‐TNF therapy.
Combination therapy of miglitol and insulin in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Kubo Sayaka , Watada Hirotaka , Kawamori Ryuzo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAims/Introduction:  Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus often show a precipitous postprandial rise in blood glucose that cannot be controlled, even by intensive insulin therapy. The combined use of an α‐glucosidase inhibitor with insulin seems to be highly beneficial in such cases.Materials and Methods:  We investigated the efficacy and safety of miglitol, an α‐glucosidase inhibitor, for 12 weeks in 43 type 1 diabetes patients on intensive insulin therapy.Results:  Co‐administration of miglitol resulted in only a modest and temporal decrease in HbA1c level. However, it resulted in a significant reduction of plasma glucose level after breakfast (250.7 ± 102.0 mg/dL at 2 h after breakfast before treatment; 212.0 ± 95.8 mg/dL at 2 h after breakfast after treatment for 12 weeks, P = 0.01) and a significant reduction of insulin dosage (41.6 ± 17.1 U/day before treatment; 39.8 ± 17.4 U/day 12 weeks after treatment, P < 0.001). During the study period, 88.4% (38/43) of subjects experienced hypoglycemia, but all events were mild except for one case, which was considered to be moderate. No unexpected adverse events were observed during the study period.Conclusions:  Co‐administration of miglitol in type 1 diabetes patients on intensive insulin therapy resulted in an improvement of postprandial hyperglycemia with the reduction of insulin dosage. Considering the importance of postprandial hyperglycemia in the onset of cardiovascular disease, the combination therapy of miglitol and insulin could be advantageous in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.
Factors associated with self-reported risk-taking behaviour on ski slopes
Authors: Ruedl G , Pocecco E , Sommersacher R , Gatterer H , Kopp M , Nachbauer W , Burtscher M 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundIn recent years, discussions have arisen about the potential influence of wearing a ski helmet on an increasing level of risk taking and higher speeds on ski slopes.ObjectiveTo evaluate factors associated with selfreported risk-taking behaviour in recreational skiers and snowboarders.MethodsSpeeds of skiers and snowboarders were measured with a radar speed gun and sex, age, nationality, height, weight and helmet use, used type of gear, self-estimated skill level and self-estimated fitness level were recorded. In addition, participants were asked if they considered themselves as cautious or risk-taking skier or snowboarder.ResultsIn total, 453 skiers (39.6 (14.8) years) and 74 snowboarders (26.4 (9.6) years) have been interviewed. A stepwise forward logistic regression model revealed five independent factors for a risk-taking behaviour on slopes. Adjusted OR and their 95% CI showed that risk takers were <40 years (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.51 to 3.80), had a higher skill level (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.50), were more likely males (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.26), had a lower body mass index (22.8 vs 24.2) and skied with higher speeds (on average 53 vs 45 km/h) compared to cautious skiers.ConclusionRisk-taking behaviour on ski slopes is associated with younger age, higher skiing ability, male sex, lower body mass index and on average higher speeds. Helmet use is not associated with riskier behaviour on slopes. In addition, helmet use has to be recommended because helmet use reduces the risk of head injuries among skiers and snowboarders.
Technology in Paralympic sport: performance enhancement or essential for performance?
Authors: Burkett Brendan 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundPeople with disabilities often depend on assistive devices to enable activities of daily living as well as to compete in sport. Technological developments in sport can be controversial.ObjectivesTo review, identify and describe current technological developments in assistive devices used in the summer Paralympic Games; and to prepare for the London 2012 Games, the future challenges and the role of technology are debated.MethodsA systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature and personal observations of technological developments at the Athens (2004) and Beijing (2008) Paralympic Games was conducted.ResultsStandard assistive devices can inhibit the Paralympians’ abilities to perform the strenuous activities of their sports. Although many Paralympic sports only require technology similar to their Olympic counterparts, several unique technological modifications have been made in prosthetic and wheelchair devices. Technology is essential for the Paralympic athlete, and the potential technological advantage for a Paralympian, when competing against an Olympian, is unclear.ConclusionTechnology must match the individual requirements of the athlete with the sport in order for Paralympians to safely maximise their performance. Within the ‘performance enhancement or essential for performance?’ debate, any potential increase in mechanical performance from an assistive device must be considered holistically with the compensatory consequences the disability creates. To avoid potential technology controversies at the 2012 London Olympic and Paralympic Games, the role of technology in sport must be clarified.
Convex Solutions of a Nonlinear Integral Equation of Urysohn Type
Authors: Trif Tiberiu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe study the solvability of a nonlinear integral equation of Urysohn type. Using the technique of measures of noncompactness we prove that under certain assumptions this equation possesses solutions that are convex of order "Equation missing" for each "Equation missing", with "Equation missing" being a given integer. A concrete application of the results obtained is presented.
A qualitative evaluation of the views of community workers on the dental health education material available in New South Wales for culturally and linguistically diverse communities
Authors: Blinkhorn Anthony , Gittani Jamily 
Published: March 2010

Objective To record the views of individuals whose main professional role is community liaison on dental health education material for culturally and linguistically diverse communities. Methods Tape-recorded interviews were undertaken, reviewed by two individuals and themes identified. Results Twenty four individuals were interviewed out of a possible 30 potential participants. Three main themes emerged: translation and use of language; inappropriate use of illustrations; dental problems inadequately addressed. There was consensus that the majority of health education literature produced by a multitude of health care agencies was patronizing, inadequately tested and gave little thought to different end-user groups. Conclusion Producers of dental health information literature should research their potential user groups more carefully.
Occupational stress, mental health status and stress management behaviors among secondary school teachers in Hong Kong
Authors: Leung Sharron SK , Wah Mak Yim , Yu Chui Ying , Chiang Vico CL , Lee Angel CK 
Published: March 2010

Objective This study aimed to examine occupational stress and mental health among secondary school teachers in Hong Kong, and to identify the differences between those actively engaged in stress management behaviors and those who were not. Design Survey design was adopted using validated instruments including Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI-R), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) II. Setting The sample was 89 secondary school teachers who attended a professional development course offered by the University of Hong Kong in Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China. Method All 99 students who attended the professional development course were invited and 89 consented to participate and returned the completed questionnaires. Results The majority of participants (75.3 percent) reported fair to very low satisfaction with the teaching career, and 82 percent of them felt unaccountably tired or exhausted. Results of OSI-R showed that 38.6 percent had experienced strong maladaptive stress due to vocational strain but coping resource was limited with most deficits on rational and cognitive coping. Analysis of DASS-21 indicated that 30.3 percent had severe to extremely severe anxiety and 12.3 percent had severe to extremely severe depression. HPLP II revealed that participants paid little attention to their own health and the management of stress. Those who exhibited more stress management behaviors showed significantly less physical symptoms, higher satisfaction with teaching, and lower occupational stress. Conclusion Secondary teachers in Hong Kong have high occupational stress but insufficient stress coping resources. Cognitive-behavioral programs to enhance teachers’ stress management resources are recommended.
Do we need to understand the technology to get to the science? A systematic review of the concept of computer literacy in preventive health programs
Authors: Dominick Gregory M , Friedman Daniela B , Hoffman-Goetz Laurie 
Published: March 2010

Objective To systematically review definitions and descriptions of computer literacy as related to preventive health education programs. Method A systematic review of the concept of computer literacy as related to preventive health education was conducted. Empirical studies published between 1994 and 2007 on prevention education programs with a computer literacy component were found using medical/health, communication, information science and education databases. Results A total of 464 citations were retrieved from 12 databases using specific search terms. Six articles met the inclusion criteria of: search terms in title, abstract and/or key words; peer-reviewed; original empirical research; and written in English. Conclusion Findings show limited and inconsistent definitions of computer literacy in the literature on computer-based prevention interventions. Without a clear construct of computer literacy, it will be difficult to determine the impact of such programs on health information seeking and, ultimately, health status.
Review: The Impact of Light in Buildings on Human Health
Authors: Boyce Peter R. 
Published: March 2010

The effects of light on health can be divided into three sections. The first is that of light as radiation. Exposure to the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation produced by light sources can damage both the eye and skin, through both thermal and photochemical mechanisms. Such damage is rare for indoor lighting installations designed for vision but can occur in some situations. The second is light operating through the visual system. Lighting enables us to see but lighting conditions that cause visual discomfort are likely to lead to eyestrain. Anyone who frequently experiences eyestrain is not enjoying the best of health. The lighting conditions that cause visual discomfort in buildings are well known and easily avoided. The third is light operating through the circadian system. This is known to influence sleep patterns and believed to be linked to the development of breast cancer among night shift workers. There is still much to learn about the impact of light on human health but what is known is enough to ensure that the topic requires the attention of all those concerned with the lighting of buildings.
Total Synthesis of (−)-Tetrodotoxin from d-Glucose: A New Route to Multi-Functionalized Cyclitol Employing the Ferrier(II) Reaction toward (−)-Tetrodotoxin
Authors: Akai Shoji , Seki Hidehito , Sugita Naoki , Kogure Tomokazu , Nishizawa Naoki , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Nakamura Yutaka , Kajihara Yasuhiro , Yoshimura Juji , Sato Ken-ichi 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Total synthesis of (−)-tetrodotoxin (TTX) from d-glucose is described. As a critical transformation step for synthesizing TTX, a key multi-functionalized cyclitol was prepared from d-glucose employing the Ferrier(II) reaction. Stereospecific introduction of three functionalized branched chains were achieved via Peterson olefination and spiro α-chloroepoxidation of the corresponding carbonyl derivatives.
Chemistry of Anthracene–Acetylene Oligomers XV. Synthesis, Structures, and Dynamic Behavior of Chiral Anthrylene–Ethynylene Cyclic Tetramers and Related Derivatives and Resolution of Enantiomers
Authors: Ishikawa Takeharu , Shimasaki Toshiaki , Akashi Haruo , Iwanaga Tetsuo , Toyota Shinji , Yamasaki Mikio 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A cyclic arylene–ethynylene tetramer with a 1,5-anthrylene unit and a cramp moiety consisting of three anthrylene units and its derivatives with a 1,4-phenylene, 1,5-naphthylene, or 2,6-di-t-butyl-1,5-naphthylene unit were synthesized by macrocyclization with Sonogashira coupling. Except for the 1,4-phenylene compound, these cyclic compounds take the chiral C2 structure with parallel orientation of the two arylene units, as revealed by X-ray analysis and DFT calculation at the M05/3-21G level. The enantiomers of 1,5-anthrylene and 2,6-di-t-butyl-1,5-naphthylene compounds were resolved by chiral HPLC and their rotational barriers were determined to be 114 and &gt;146 kJ mol−1, respectively, by classical kinetics. These high barriers are in contrast to the facile racemization or topomerization in the other compounds. These kinetic data of the rotation of arylene units about the acetylene axes are discussed in terms of steric hindrance based on molecular structures. The electronic spectra of the cyclic compounds and the chiroptical properties of the resolved samples were also measured.
Effect of Vertical Magnetic Field on the Chemical Wave Propagation Speed in Belousov–Zhabotinsky Reaction
Authors: Nishikiori Rika , Morimoto Shotaro , Fujiwara Yoshihisa , Tanimoto Yoshifumi 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Effects of a vertical magnetic field (maximum field, 4 T and 93 T2 m−1) on chemical wave front propagation from the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction were studied. Applied magnetic fields strongly affected the downward propagation speed in a glass tube. The magnetic force acting on the inhomogeneous solution explains the results.
Semiconducting 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexakis{[4-(5-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)phenyl]ethynyl}triphenylene and Its Discotic Liquid Crystalline Properties
Authors: Hoang Mai Ha , Cho Min Ju , Kim Kyung Hwan , Lee Tae Wan , Jin Jung-Il , Choi Dong Hoon 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
We report on the design and synthesis of a new discotic liquid crystalline (LC) semiconducting material based on a triphenylene core. The molecule is readily soluble in common organic solvents to exhibit self-organizing long fiber structures with supramolecularly ordered columnar stacks that lie parallel to the substrate. Compared to all the previously reported triphenylene derivatives, this molecule has a relatively lower band gap energy (Eg = 2.53 eV), which makes it suitable for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Cationic Three-component Coupling Involving an Optically Active Enamine Derivative. From Time Integration to Space Integration of Reactions
Authors: Suga Seiji , Yamada Daisuke , Yoshida Jun-ichi 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Three-component coupling of an N-acyliminium cation pool, an optically active 2-t-butyloxazole derivative, and a carbon nucleophile such as allyltrimethylsilane was effectively achieved by a rapid one-pot method at −78 °C and a flow microreactor method at 0 °C.
Serrated Lesions of the Appendix
Authors: Bellizzi Andrew M. , Rock Jonathan , Marsh William L. , Frankel Wendy L. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
We performed a histologic and immunohistochemical assessment of 53 noninvasive appendiceal epithelial proliferations, appropriating terminology and using markers shown useful in differentiating serrated colorectal polyps. These were classified as hyperplastic polyp (HP), sessile serrated adenoma (SSA), mixed serrated and adenomatous lesion (MSAL), mucinous cystadenoma (MCA), or conventional adenoma (CAD). Immunohistochemical analysis for cytokeratin (CK) 20, Ki-67, MUC6, and β-catenin was performed. Diagnoses were as follows: HP, 6; SSA, 12; HP vs SSA, 3; MSAL, 16; MCA, 14; and CAD, 2. All HPs showed expanded (beyond surface) CK20 and expanded or normal (base) Ki-67; 1 was MUC6+. Most SSAs and MSALs were CK20-expanded or expanded with random expression in deep crypts (Ex/I) and Ki-67-expanded, Ex/I (expanded with asymmetry), or normal. All SSAs and 8 of 16 MSALs were MUC6+. CADs were CK20-Ex/I, Ki-67-Ex, and MUC6–; 1 showed nuclear β-catenin expression. Serrated appendiceal lesions can be categorized using colorectal terminology. MUC6 is associated with SSA morphologic features. Similar immunohistochemical patterns in SSA and MSAL suggest a link between these lesions.
Comparison of Plasma With Whole Blood Prothrombin Time and Fibrinogen on the Same Instrument
Authors: Amukele Timothy K. , Ferrell Chris , Chandler Wayne L. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
We compared plasma with whole blood (WB) international normalized ratio (INR) and fibrinogen using the same instrument and reagents. WBINRs were 50% higher than plasma INRs. After increasing the WB sample volume 40% and adjusting the International Sensitivity Index, WBINRs were similar to plasma INRs [adjusted WBINR = 0.99(plasma INR) – 0.02; r2 = 0.98; n = 155], but the average difference in WB vs plasma INR was 4-fold higher than duplicate plasma INRs. Variation in hematocrit was a major determinant of the accuracy of the WBINR, with increased error at high INRs. The WB fibrinogen assay was highly dependent on the sample hematocrit (r2 = 0.83), even after the sample volume was adjusted. Accurate WB fibrinogen measurements required a mathematical hematocrit correction. We conclude that WBINR and fibrinogen assays can be performed on point-of-care or automated analyzers, but sample volume must be adjusted to account for hematocrit. Accuracy is limited by variations in hematocrit with worsening accuracy for samples with high INRs or low fibrinogen levels.
Reverse Transcriptase–Polymerase Chain Reaction as an Ancillary Molecular Technique in the Diagnosis of Small Blue Round Cell Tumors by Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology
Authors: Gautam Upasana , Srinivasan Radhika , Rajwanshi Arvind , Bansal Deepak , Marwaha Ram Kumar , Vasishtha Rakesh Kumar 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
We evaluated the feasibility and usefulness of reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on fine-needle aspirates for categorization of small blue round cell tumors (SBRCTs). A total of 51 cases, including 25 Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), 11 rhabdomyosarcomas, 13 neuroblastomas, and 2 desmoplastic small round cell tumors (DSRCTs) were analyzed. The detection of the EWS-FLI1 (20/25) and EWS-ERG (4/25) fusion transcripts resolved 24 of 25 cases of Ewing sarcoma/PNET. The PAX3/7-FKHR fusion transcript was detected in 2 of 4 cases of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and the EWS-WT1 transcript in both cases of DSRCT. Tyrosine hydroxylase and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) decarboxylase transcripts were demonstrated in 10 of 13 cases of neuroblastoma. In comparison, immunocytochemical analysis resolved 19 (76%) of 25 Ewing sarcomas, 9 (82%) of 11 rhabdomyosarcomas, 6 (46%) of 13 neuroblastomas, and 1 (50%) of 2 DSRCTs. Overall, RT-PCR resolved 38 (86%) of 44 vs 35 (69%) of 51 cases by immunocytochemical analysis. RT-PCR is easily applied to fine-needle aspirates of SBRCT and greatly facilitates accurate tumor typing.