bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutually exclusive expression of Gαia and Gα14 reveals diversification of taste receptor cells in zebrafish
Authors: Ohmoto Makoto , Okada Shinji , Nakamura Shugo , Abe Keiko , Matsumoto Ichiro 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA comprehensive reevaluation of the G protein alpha subunit genes specifically expressed in taste buds in the tongue epithelium of rodents revealed that Gq and G14 of the Gq class and Gi2 and Ggust (Gt3, also known as gustducin) of the Gi class are expressed in mammalian taste buds. Meanwhile, a database search of fish genomes revealed the absence of a gene encoding an ortholog of the mammalian Ggust gene, which mediates sweet, umami, and bitter taste signals in mammalian taste receptor cells (TRCs). Histochemical screening identified two G protein alpha subunit genes, zfGia and zfG14, expressed in subsets of TRCs in zebrafish. The expression patterns of zfGia and zfG14 in taste buds were mutually exclusive, and the expression of known T1R and T2R genes in zebrafish was restricted to a subset of zfGia‐expressing TRCs. These findings highlight the existence of a novel subset of TRCs in zebrafish that is absent in mammals and suggest that unidentified G protein‐coupled receptors are expressed in zfG14‐expressing TRCs and in zfGia‐expressing TRCs where known T1R and T2R genes were not expressed in zebrafish. The existence of not only generalized but also specialized subsets of TRCs may imply a strong connection between the evolution of the peripheral gustatory system and the evolution of particular species. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1616–1629, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is gene duplication a viable explanation for the origination of biological information and complexity?
Authors: Bozorgmehr Joseph Esfandiar Hannon 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAll life depends on the biological information encoded in DNA with which to synthesize and regulate various peptide sequences required by an organism's cells. Hence, an evolutionary model accounting for the diversity of life needs to demonstrate how novel exonic regions that code for distinctly different functions can emerge. Natural selection tends to conserve the basic functionality, sequence, and size of genes and, although beneficial and adaptive changes are possible, these serve only to improve or adjust the existing type. However, gene duplication allows for a respite in selection and so can provide a molecular substrate for the development of biochemical innovation. Reference is made here to several well‐known examples of gene duplication, and the major means of resulting evolutionary divergence, to examine the plausibility of this assumption. The totality of the evidence reveals that, although duplication can and does facilitate important adaptations by tinkering with existing compounds, molecular evolution is nonetheless constrained in each and every case. Therefore, although the process of gene duplication and subsequent random mutation has certainly contributed to the size and diversity of the genome, it is alone insufficient in explaining the origination of the highly complex information pertinent to the essential functioning of living organisms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2011
[70]Fullerene‐Based Materials for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Troshin Pavel A. , Hoppe Harald , Peregudov Alexander S. , Egginger Martin , Shokhovets Sviatoslav , Gobsch Gerhard , Sariciftci N. Serdar , Razumov Vladimir F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic study of two novel derivatives of [70]fullerene, phenyl‐C71‐propionic acid propyl ester ([70]PCPP) and phenyl‐C71‐propionic acid butyl ester ([70]PCPB), are reported. [70]PCPP and [70]PCPB outperform the conventional material (6,6)‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester ([70]PCBM) in solar cells based on poly(2‐methoxy‐5‐{3′,7′‐dimethyloctyloxy}‐p‐phenylene vinylene) (MDMO‐PPV) as a donor polymer using chlorobenzene (CB) or dichlorobenzene (DCB) as solvents. AFM data suggest that improvement of the device efficiency should be attributed to the increased phase compatibility between the novel C70 derivatives and the polymer matrix. [70]PCPP and [70]PCBM showed more or less equally high performances in solar cells comprising poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as a donor polymer. Optical modeling revealed that the application of [70]fullerene derivatives as acceptor materials in P3HT‐based bulk heterojunction solar cells might give approximately 10 % higher short circuit current densities than using C60‐based materials such as [60]PCBM. The high solubility of [70]PCPP and [70]PCPB and their good compatibility with the donor polymers suggest these fullerene derivatives as promising electron acceptor materials for use in efficient bulk heterojunction organic solar cells.
Cross‐layer MAC design for location‐aware wireless sensor networks
Authors: Shi Qiong , Comaniciu Cristina , Wang Dandan , Tureli Ufuk 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an optimization of MAC protocol design for wireless sensor networks, that accounts for cross‐layering information, in terms of location accuracy for nodes and residual energy levels. In our proposed solution we encode this cross‐layer information within a decreasing backoff function in the MAC. The protocol is optimized by appropriately selecting priority window lengths, and we have shown that accurate cross‐layer information plays a crucial role in achieving an optimal performance at the MAC layer level.The estimation accuracy can be characterized spatially using a location reliability probability distribution function. We show that this distribution function greatly influences the design of the optimal backoff window parameters, and the overall throughput performance of the MAC protocol. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying in silico tools to the discovery of novel CXCR4 inhibitors
Authors: Pérez‐Nueno Violeta I. , Ritchie David W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe process of HIV entry begins with the binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 to both the CD4 receptor and one of the CXCR4 or CCR5 chemokine co‐receptors. There is currently considerable interest in developing novel ligands that can bind to these co‐receptors and hence block virus‐cell fusion. This article reviews the use of different in silico structure‐based and ligand‐based virtual screening (VS) tools for the discovery of potential HIV entry inhibitors for the CXCR4 receptor. More specifically, it discusses homology modelling, de novo design, docking, QSAR analyses, pharmacophore modelling, and similarity searches. Results from retrospective VS of a library of known CXCR4 inhibitors taken from the literature and from prospective VS of a combinatorial virtual library are reviewed. The structures of active compounds found by these approaches, as well as CXCR4 inhibitors currently in development, are also discussed. Drug Dev Res 72: 95–111, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of combined CJZ3, a lomerizine derivative, with verapamil on P‐glycoprotein efflux function in vitro
Authors: Ji Bian‐Sheng , Ren Yan‐Li , He Ling 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the effort to inhibit P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) efflux function with greater activity and less side effect, the combined effect of pair CJZ3 and verapamil (Ver) was evaluated isobolographically in numerous fixed‐ratio combinations of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:10 in doxorubicin‐resistant human myelogenous leukemia (K562/ DOX) cells and in rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (RBMEC). The results displayed that mixtures of both drugs at the fixed‐ratios of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:10 exerted synergistic interactions, indicating that when the two reversers that bind P‐gp on separated sites were combined, each can contribute to the overall interaction with P‐gp, leading to the greater effect than that given by either agent alone. Drug Dev Res 72: 305–309, 2011.  © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Cochrane Library and the treatment of croup in children: an overview of reviews
Authors: Bjornson Candice , Russell Kelly , Foisy Michelle , Johnson David W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundCroup is an illness characterized by barky cough, stridor, hoarseness, and occasionally respiratory distress. It is a relatively mild and short‐lived illness for the majority of children. However, a small proportion of children have moderate to severe symptoms and are at risk of hospital admission, and in the most severe cases, intubation.ObjectiveTo synthesize the evidence currently in The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) related to the clinical effectiveness and applicability of four treatments for croup: glucocorticoids, epinephrine, heliox and humidified air.MethodsThe CDSR was searched for all systematic reviews containing the term ‘croup’ in the title. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for the treatment of croup in children were included. Data were extracted, compiled into tables and synthesized using qualitative and quantitative methods.Main ResultsFour reviews examining the treatment of croup were included in this overview. Children treated with epinephrine vs placebo had a significantly lower croup score at 30 min (SMD: − 0.94; 95% CI: − 1.37, − 0.51), and children treated with glucocorticoids vs placebo had significantly lower croup scores at both 6 h and 12 h (SMD: − 0.59; 95% CI: − 0.83, − 0.35 and SMD: − 0.65; 95% CI: − 1.03, − 0.27). Glucocorticoids vs placebo also significantly reduced inpatient length of stay (MD: − 10.33; 95% CI: − 17.33, − 3.36) and risk of return visits and/or re‐admissions (RR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.71). Neither humidified air nor heliox were associated with significant reductions in croup score; however, there is a paucity of evidence examining treatment with heliox.Author's ConclusionsGlucocorticoids are effective for children with mild croup, and both nebulized epinephrine and glucocorticoids are effective treatments for children presenting with moderate to severe croup that is associated with respiratory distress. There is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of heliox, and there is sufficient evidence to suggest that humidified air is not effective in the treatment of croup. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea’
Authors: Office Evidence‐Based Child Health Canadian Editorial 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Gregorio GV, Gonzales MLM, Dans LF, Martinez EG. Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD006519. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006519.pub2. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents’
Authors: Office Evidence‐Based Child Health Canadian Editorial 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Negrini S, Minozzi S, Bettany‐Saltikov J, Zaina F, Chockalingam N, Grivas TB, Kotwicki T, Maruyama T, Romano M, Vasiliadis ES. Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD006850. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006850.pub2. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple insulin injections for type 1 diabetes mellitus’
Authors: Office Evidence‐Based Child Health Canadian Editorial 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Misso ML, Egberts KJ, Page M, O'Connor D, Shaw J. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple insulin injections for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD005103. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005103.pub2. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Conventional occlusion versus pharmacologic penalization for amblyopia’
Authors: Office Evidence‐Based Child Health Canadian Editorial 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Li T, Shotton K. Conventional occlusion versus pharmacologic penalization for amblyopia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006460. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006460.pub2. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentaries on ‘Conventional occlusion versus pharmacological penalization for amblyopia’
Authors: Sloper John J. , Tejedor Jaime 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThese are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Li T, Shotton K. Conventional occlusion versus pharmacologic penalization for amblyopia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006460. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD006460.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
A transitional region concept for assessing the effects of reservoirs on river habitats: a case of Yangtze River, China
Authors: Wang Yuankun , Xia Ziqiang , Wang Dong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDam constructions negatively impact river ecosystems by altering hydrologic regimes and connectivities. River continuum theory provides a useful framework for considering the specific influences of dams on the ecohydrology of river systems. This study presents a Transitional Region Concept for analysing the nature of hydrologic changes resulting from dam constructions and how these changes relate to the life history and ecology of the fish. The stream ecosystem of the transitional region is subdivided into a four‐dimensional framework. The framework consists of spatial structure, matter structure, energy structure, and hydrological process. The characteristics and variations in this framework, as affected by dam construction on the Yangtze River, are quantitatively assessed. The spawning ground of the Chinese Sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), located in inertial zone of the river ecosystem, is used as the study site. Current and historical hydrological data are used to determine the effects of dam construction on the spawning grounds of Chinese Sturgeon in the river. The results show that the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) has a significant impact on the suitability of the spawning grounds of Chinese Sturgeon. This could also affect the prey/predator species dynamics and the sturgeon fish population in especially the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The findings of this study could provide critical considerations for policy makers and river managers to protect Chinese Sturgeon from the adverse effects of the TGR. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A20 deficiency in B cells enhances B‐cell proliferation and results in the development of autoantibodies
Authors: Hövelmeyer Nadine , Reissig Sonja , Thi Xuan Nguyen , Adams‐Quack Petra , Lukas Dominika , Nikolaev Alexei , Schlüter Dirk , Waisman Ari 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA20/TNFAIP3 is an ubiquitin‐editing enzyme, important for the regulation of the NF‐κB pathway. Mutations in the TNFAIP3 gene have been linked to different human autoimmune disorders. In human B‐cell lymphomas, the inactivation of A20 results in constitutive NF‐κB activation. Recent studies demonstrate that in mice the germline inactivation of A20 leads to early lethality, due to inflammation in multiple organs of the body. In this report, we describe a new mouse strain allowing for the tissue‐specific deletion of A20. We show that B‐cell‐specific deletion of A20 results in a dramatic reduction in marginal zone B cells. Furthermore, A20‐deficient B cells display a hyperactive phenotype represented by enhanced proliferation upon activation. Finally, these mice develop higher levels of serum immunoglobulins, resulting in an excessive production of self‐reactive autoantibodies.
Water Adsorption Characteristics of MIL‐101 for Heat‐Transformation Applications of MOFs
Authors: Ehrenmann Johannes , Henninger Stefan K. , Janiak Christoph 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe adsorption of water vapor in the highly porous metal‐organic framework (MOF) of 3D‐[Cr3F(H2O)2O(bdc)3·~25H2O] (MIL‐101) (bdc = benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate, terephthalate) of up to 1 g of water per gram of sorbent material (between 140 °C and 40 °C under a water vapor pressure of 5.6 kPa) together with the stability over several cycles makes MIL‐101 the most promising material, so far, for heat transformation applications like thermally driven heat pumps or adsorption chillers.
Two Coordination Polymers with Rare Topologies Based on Copper(II) and Ligands Generated by In Situ Reactions (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1/2011)
Authors: Li Baiyan , Jin Di , Ma Benhua , Liu Dan , Li Guanghua , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows that two coordination polymers exhibiting rare NiP2 topology and kgd topology are constructed on the basis of Cu2+ and ligands 3,5‐bipyridyl‐1,2,4‐triazole and 5‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolo[3,2‐c](7‐aza‐1H‐indazole) formed through in situ ligand deaminization and in situ ligand intramolecular amination cyclization reactions. Details are discussed in the Short Communication by Z. Shi et al. on p. 35 ff. Dedicated to Professors Ruren Xu and Wenqin Pang on the occasion of their 80th birthdays, with our warmest congratulations and best wishes.
Diastereospecific Coupling of Imines by Low‐Valent Titanium: An Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Kumar Akshai , Samuelson Ashoka G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe reaction of phenylsilane (PhSiH3) and titanium(IV) isopropoxide [Ti(OiPr)4] generates low‐valent titanium alkoxides that reduce and reductively couple imines. The C–C coupling reaction is diastereospecific, with exclusive formation of the (±)‐isomer. The yield is dependent on the concentration of titanium(IV) isopropoxide used. Using imines with varying electronic demand revealed that the coupling is most efficient for unsubstituted imines. The involvement of a trimeric titanium biradical species is invoked to explain the observed concentration dependence and diastereospecificity in the reaction. Multilayer ONIOM (“our own n‐layered integrated molecular orbital and molecular mechanics”) calculations were carried out on the plausible intermediates involved by using the Guassian 09 suite of programs. Formation of the trimeric biradical species leading to the formation of the (±)‐isomer is more favored than formation of the trimeric biradical species, which leads to the meso‐isomer. Similar calculations with dimeric intermediates do not predict the (±)‐selectivity. Mass spectral analysis of the reaction mixture indicates the presence of a trimeric titanium alkoxide species.
Mucin (MUC5AC) expression by lung epithelial cells cultured in a microfluidic gradient device
Authors: Kim Su Hwan , Kang Jin Hyun , Chung Il Yup , Chung Bong Geun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe have developed a microfluidic gradient device for controlling mucin gene expression of NCI‐H292 epithelial cells derived from lung tissues. We hypothesized that gradient profiles would control mucin gene expression of lung epithelial cells. However, it was not possible to generate various stable gradient profiles using conventional culture methods. To address this limitation, we used a microfluidic gradient device to create various gradient profiles (i.e. non‐linear, linear, and flat) in a temporal and spatial manner. NCI‐H292 lung epithelial cells were exposed to concentration gradients of epidermal growth factor in a microfluidic gradient device with continuous medium perfusion. We demonstrated an effect of gradient profiles on mucin expression of lung epithelial cells cultured in the microfluidic gradient device. It was revealed that NCI‐H292 lung epithelial cells exposed to the flat gradient profile of the epidermal growth factor exhibited high expression of mucin as compared with cells exposed to non‐linear and linear gradient profiles. Therefore, this microfluidic gradient device could be a potentially useful tool for regulating the mucin expression of lung epithelial cells exposed to chemokine gradient profiles.
Identification of mutagens in freshwater sediments by the Ames‐fluctuation assay using nitroreductase and acetyltransferase overproducing test strains
Authors: Reifferscheid Georg , Buchinger Sebastian , Cao Zhi , Claus Evelyn 
Published: December 2010

AbstractExtracts of sediments from an area of concern in the Elbe river basins (Spittelwasser creek) were analyzed with the Ames‐fluctuation test and in parallel with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for compound identification. The standard test strains TA 98 and TA 100 showed mutagenicity mainly in medium‐polar fractions of the sediment extracts. PAHs contribute to the overall mutagenic potential of the sample. Especially, cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene that was previously not defined as a priority hazardous substance has to be considered as well. The addition of metabolically competent test strains, which overexpress nitroreductase and acetyltransferase (e.g., YG1041 and YG1042) to the test battery, increased significantly the sensitivity of the Ames test for medium polar to polar genotoxins. The increased mutagenicity that was found in these bacterial strains indicates the presence of nitroarenes and/or aromatic amines. In fact, a number of heterocyclic and nitrogen‐substituted aromatic compounds were identified in the sediments of the Spittelwasser creek of which methyl parathion, 1‐naphthylamine, and N‐phenyl‐2‐naphthylamine are mutagenic. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.