bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unilateral Maxillary Sinus Aplasia with Ipsilateral Rhinolith: A Rare Anomaly with a Rare Association
Authors: Gawai Sujata A , Kumar Kalpana R , Sangole Vaishali S , Rao Suman P , George Divya A , (Nautiyal) Rachna K Tiwari 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTUnilateral maxillary sinus aplasia is one of the rare anomalies of maxillary sinus. Few cases have been reported. Ipsilateral rhinolith with unilateral maxillary sinus aplasia is also a very rare association and no case has been documented till date. We report a case of a 21-year-old female with left maxillary sinus aplasia and ipsilateral rhinolith. Rest of the sinuses being normal.
Epidermoid Cyst of Tongue
Authors: Lakshmi S , Somashekara KG , Priya NS 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionEpidermoid cyst is a rare cyst in head and neck region. We report a case of epidermoid cyst of tongue presented in a girl child.Case reportA female child presented with a swelling in her tongue. The swelling was excised completely. A diagnosis of epidermoid cyst of tongue was made. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. There was no recurrence after 6 months follow-up.ConclusionEpidermoid cyst of tongue is a rare tumor of tongue. Complete excision does not cause recurrence.
Frontoethmoidal Mucocele with Unilateral Proptosis
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Velankar Haritosh , Dabholkar Yogesh , Bhalekar Sharad 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTFrontoethmoidal mucocele can present with a multitude of different symptoms including ophthalmic disturbances. Though benign, they have a tendency to expand by thinning the bony walls. They displace and invade surrounding structures by pressure and bony resorption. If it invades the orbit and continues to expand, the mass may mimic the behavior of many benign growths arising primarily in the orbit. We report a case of a frontoethmoidal mucocele extending into the orbit. Clinically, the patient had an insidious onset of clinical presentation with no intracranial symptoms.
Deep Trade Policy Options for Armenia: The Importance of Trade Facilitation, Services and Standards Liberalization
Authors: Jensen Jesper , Tarr David 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
In this paper the authors develop an innovative 21 sector computable general equilibrium model of Armenia to assess the impact on Armenia of a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA) with the EU, as well as further regional or multilateral trade policy commitments. They find that a DCFTA with the EU will likely result in substantial gains to Armenia, but they show that the gains derive from the deep aspects of the agreement. In order of importance, the sources of the gains are: (i) trade facilitation and reduction in border costs; (ii) services liberalization; and (iii) standards harmonization. A shallow agreement with the EU that focuses only on preferential tariff liberalization in goods will likely lead to small losses to Armenia primarily due to a loss of productivity from lost varieties of technologies from the Rest of the World region in manufactured products. Additional gains can be expected in the long run from an improvement in the investment climate. The authors estimate only small gains from a services agreement with the CIS countries, but significant gains from expanding services liberalization multilaterally.
Active Learning in Language Study and Science: Transforming Teacher Practice in North Sumatra’s Elementary Schools
Authors: Djulia Ely , Juwitaningsih Tita , Hamid Abdul , Siallagan Roslin , Gultom Parapat , Hanum Inayah , Anwar Khairul , Lubis Nurul Wardani 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAn action research project to investigate the implementation of active learning strategies to improve the quality of teaching and learning was conducted in three government elementary schools (Sekolah Dasar) in North Sumatra that had received training in teaching for active learning under the auspices of the USAID-sponsored project, Decentralized Basic Education 2. Three cycles of data collection utilizing classroom observations, focus group discussions, and participant observation were conducted in each school. Data were analyzed both holistically and categorily to develop a better understanding of teachers’ successes and challenges in teaching for active learning. Finally, an intervention strategy involving modeling of teaching for active learning strategies was designed and implemented by members of the research team in each school. Our results suggest that language and science teachers developed more confidence in utilizing active learning strategies in their classrooms as a result of the intervention. Students also appeared to respond positively to the new active learning teaching strategies employed by their teachers. We conclude that the DBE-2 training provided to these schools can be considered successful; however, more attention needs to be paid to concrete factors that facilitate or impede teaching for active learning in Indonesian elementary schools in order to continue improving the quality of instruction for Indonesian children. Key Words: Islamic Education, Active Learning, Religious Studies, Indonesia
Action Research on the Implementation of Active Learning at an Elementary School in Aceh
Authors: Bahri Ys Syamsul , Mara M. Nasir , Yamin M. , A.B. Suid , Dhin Cut Nya 
Published: January 2012

Teachers in the state elementary schools and state Islamic elementary schools of the Indonesian province of Aceh have been trained repeatedly over the past several years on a variety of educational reform initiatives. One of the most important of these has been the effort to promote teaching for active learning in Acehnese schools. Research in other countries, and past experience with teacher training efforts in Aceh, suggest that such a transformation in classroom practice will not be easy. In order to investigate whether and how teachers were transferring their training in active learning into actual classroom practice, a team of lecturers from three universities in Banda Aceh conducted an action research project in one state elementary school. We found that teachers’, principals’, and school supervisors’ understanding of teaching for active learning remained extremely tentative months after receiving training in active learning, and their tentative understanding prevented their active experimentation with what they had learned. A brief retraining session focused on arriving at a common understanding of the concept, committed school leadership, and learning from peers appeared to have a significant impact on teachers’ willingness and ability to try to teach for active learning. Key Words: Active Learning, Action Research, Aceh, Elementary Schools
Action Research on the Implementation of Teaching for Active Learning in Two Elementary Madrasahs in Aceh
Authors: Syah Sulastri Muhammad , Fitri Yulia , Yani Bainuddin , Adlim [None] , Qurnati Tri , Nursalmi [None] , Idris Tasnim , Sabarni [None] 
Published: January 2012

Teaching for active learning is an instructional strategy that has been shown to improve student achievement. Many of its advocates also stress its contribution to the development of democratic dispositions in school children. It has, therefore, become a popular reform intended to improve teaching and learning in schools around the world, including Indonesia, where it was a key component of training conducted in Aceh under the auspices of the USAID-funded Decentralized Basic Education 2 Project (DBE2). In order to gauge the extent to which teaching for active learning was being adopted in Aceh, a team of lecturers from Syiah Kuala University and the State Islamic Studies Institute in Banda Aceh conducted an action research project designed to identify the challenges faced by teachers attempting to teach for active learning in two elementary-level madrasahs as well as strategies that might assist them in that effort. The results of our research show that, while the initial training provided to teachers heightened their consciousness of teaching for active learning and inspired some to experiment with the new teaching methodology, teachers’ understanding and acceptance of active learning was still tentative and could be undermined without effective leadership and long term mentoring. Key Words: Active Learning, Teaching, Aceh, Madrasah
Active Learning to Improve Fifth Grade Mathematics Achievement in Banten
Authors: Suherman Andri , Oediyani Soesaptri , Handayani Ika , Uzliawati Lia , Indriana Ina , Nasution Darlaini 
Published: January 2012

Teaching for active learning is a pedagogical technique that has been actively promoted in Indonesian education through government reform efforts and international development assistance projects for decades. Recently, elementary schools in Banten province received training in active learning instructional strategies from the USAID-funded project, Decentralized Basic Education 2. Post-training evaluations conducted by lecturers from the University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa (UNTIRTA: Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa) suggested that teachers were successfully employing active learning strategies in some subjects, but not mathematics. In order to understand the difficulties teachers were having in teaching for active learning in mathematics, and to assist them in using active learning strategies, a team of lecturers from UNTIRTA designed and carried out an action research project to train teachers in an elementary school in the city of Cilegon to use a technique called Magic Fingers in teaching Grade 5 multiplication. During the course of the project the research team discovered that teachers were having problems transferring knowledge gained from training in one context and subject to other school subjects and contexts. Key Words: Mathematics, Teaching for Active Learning, Indonesia, Banten
Pediatric Ocular Rosacea: 2 Cases
Authors: Miguel Ana I.M. , Salgado Manuel B. , Lisboa Maria S. , Henriques Filipe , Paiva Maria C. , Castela Guilherme P.L. 
Published: January 2012

Purpose To report the clinical course of 2 pediatric ocular rosacea cases with a significant delay until diagnosis. Methods We report 2 interventional case reports. Case 1 is a 10-year-old boy with 2 years of recurrent bilateral blepharitis, repetition chalazion, conjunctival hyperemia, and corneal ulcers, without response to topical antibiotics or topical and systemic steroids. Case 2 is a 9-year-old girl with keratoconjunctivitis and repetition chalazion since she was 2 years old, without improvement after consulting several ophthalmologists and performing several treatments throughout those years. Results Rapid response to systemic erythromycin with marked improvement of both cases within a few weeks. Conclusions Ocular rosacea is frequently misdiagnosed, particularly in the pediatric population. To our knowledge, this report demonstrates a case with the longest history before diagnosis (7 years) and another case in which a conjunctival biopsy was performed.
Effect of Microstructure and Hydrogen Pores on the Mechanical Behavior of an Al7%Si0.3%Mg Alloy Studied by a Combined Phase‐Field and Micromechanical Approach
Authors: Lasko Galina , Apel Markus , Carré Antoine , Weber Ulrich , Schmauder Siegfried 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA combination of the phase‐field method for the simulation of the microstructure evolution during solidification with subsequent finite element simulation of fracture appearance in the final solidification structure is proposed for the prediction of the mechanical behavior of AlSi based casting alloys, including the effect of solidification porosity caused by hydrogen. Metallographic investigations and computer tomographic observations of the as cast microstructure of an Al7%Si0.3%Mg alloy together with the data obtained from mechanical tensile testing are used to compare and validate the simulation results to demonstrate the capabilities as well as current limitations in micromechanical modeling of void containing materials. In micromechanical simulations with the element elimination technique (EET) it is shown that porosity influences the crack path as well as crack propagation by connecting the pores. In the eutectic microstructure without porosity, failure starts to develop in silicon lamellae and proceeds in the ductile matrix. However, in the presence of pores fracture also initiates in silicon, and in the later stages of loading, porosity affects the path of the crack and results in additional crack nucleation, and thus, these pores also influence crack propagation in the matrix.
Solvus Composition Paths in Multicomponent Alloys—Experimental Approach and Correlation with Calphad Calculations for the Example Al–Mg–Si
Authors: Engelhardt H. , Hallstedt B. , Drüe M. , Löffler A. , Schick M. , Rettenmayr M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAn experimental approach employing temperature and concentration gradients is presented that is suitable for determining a sequence of solvus concentrations in a single experimental cycle. The Al–Mg–Si system is used as an example. Al solid solutions (“(Al)”) with different compositions and Mg2Si precipitates were equilibrated in the temperature range between 350 and 550 °C. The equilibrium compositions of (Al) were measured by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy in the transmission electron microscope. The coupled temperature‐concentration values represent a path on the ternary solvus surface. Calphad calculations using different thermodynamic data sets were carried out to relate the experimental results to phase diagram evaluations. The measured solvus path agrees well with solvus data calculated with most recent thermodynamic parameter sets. The experimental approach can be applied to multicomponent alloys irrespective of their number of components with the same experimental effort. The efficiently generated solubility data are suitable to support phase diagram evaluations of multicomponent systems by the Calphad method.
The effect of binary diluents on the performance of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/SiO2 hybrid hollow fiber membrane
Authors: Li Nana , Xiao Changfa , Wang Rui , Zhang Shujie 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUltrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/SiO2 hybrid hollow fiber membranes were prepared by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) using mineral oil as the first diluent, polyethylene oxide (PEO) as the second diluent, and SiO2 as additive. The effect of PEO on the rheological behavior, FTIR‐ATR spectra, phase diagram, morphology, and permeability was investigated. The results suggested that a proper amount of PEO can decrease the viscosity of UHMWPE/diluent appropriately. Because PEO and UHMWPE were incompatible, the miscibility of membrane dope could be changed by PEO, which directly affect the phase separation. It was also discovered that a spherulite structure, coming from solid–liquid (S‐L) TIPS, was built at any UHMWPE concentration without PEO. Whereas, an open‐cell porous structure with better connectivity, owing to liquid–liquid (L‐L) phase separation, was produced after adding PEO. The permeability increased firstly, and then decreased because excessive PEO was sensitive for agglomeration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis, characterization, and amidoximation of diaminomaleodinitrile‐functionalized polyethylene terephthalate grafts for collecting heavy metals from wastewater
Authors: Abdel‐Razik Hamada H. , Kenawy El‐Refaie 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSynthesis, characterization, and amidoximation of diaminomaleodinitrile‐functionalized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) grafts were studied. Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was used as an initiator. Optimum conditions for grafting were as follows: monomer concentration [DAMN] = 0.5M, [AIBN] = 1.50 × 10−3 mol/L, T = 80°C and t = 3 h. Water uptake of the grafted‐PET film increased with the increase of grafting yield. The imparted cyano group of the grafted polymer chains (with degree of grafting up to 83%) was converted into amidoxime group by reaction with hydroxylamine. The unique advantage of this polymer is that it contains double amidoxime groups per repeating unit and an additional diethylene spacer unit between neighboring amidoxime groups in each monomeric unit. The grafted‐PET films were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The grafted‐PET films are more thermally stable than the ungrafted‐PET membrane, since the grafted membrane showed a single degradation pattern despite having two components. A decrease in Tg values is observed as the grafting yield of copolymers increases indicating the incorporation of polydiaminomaleodinitrile chains in amorphous copolymers with higher thermal stability. The prepared amidoximated DAMN83‐g‐PET was investigated for its properties in removing heavy toxic metals, such as Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, and Ag1+ from waste water. The amidoximated‐film is characterized by a considerably greater binding ability with respect to heavy metals. The nature of the metal ion also has great importance in the amount binding to the polymeric material. The kinetics of the sorption/desorption process for Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ are investigated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Properties of the crosslinked plasticized biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol)/rambutan skin waste flour blends
Authors: Ooi Zhong Xian , Ismail Hanafi , Bakar Azhar Abu , Aziz Noor Aziah Abdul 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH)/rambutan skin waste flour (RWF) crosslinked films were successfully prepared by solution casting with glutaraldehyde (GLU) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and without crosslinker in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer. The properties of cast films were evaluated by tensile testing, water absorption, and degradation behavior at different weight ratios of PVOH and RWF. The tensile results show that the PVOH/RWF films crosslinked with HMTA exhibited a slight improvement in the tensile strength and Young's modulus but a lower elongation at break than that of GLU‐crosslinked films; this was attributed to the better crosslinking effect of HMTA, as shown by the Fourier transform infrared results. The HMTA‐crosslinked film showed a lower water absorption and water vapor transmission rate as compared to the GLU‐crosslinked and noncrosslinked films. A natural weathering test revealed that the addition of 1.5 wt % GLU and HMTA did not significantly affect the reduction in tensile properties, but the biodegradability test showed that the weight loss of noncrosslinked films was higher than those of the GLU‐ and HMTA‐crosslinked films. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Design and Synthesis of 2‐Iminothiazolidin‐4‐one Moiety‐Containing Compounds as Potent Antiproliferative Agents
Authors: Zhai Xin , Li Wei , Chen Dong , Lai Ruiwei , Liu Jun , Gong Ping 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new series of 2,5‐diaryliminothiazolidin‐4‐ones were designed and synthesized as potent antiproliferative agents. The antiproliferative activities of the 25 target compounds were evaluated against three cancer cell lines (A549, H460 and HT29) by MTT assay. Pharmacological data indicated that most of the compounds possessed moderate activity, some showed remarkable activity against one or more cell lines. As the most promising compound,8s(with IC50values of 1.1, 0.01 and 1.3 µM against the A549, H460 and HT29 cell lines) was 1.1‐ to 270‐fold more potent than the reference drug sorafenib. Furthermore, preliminary structure–activity relationships (SARs) were summarized to provide guidance for further design and discovery of 2‐iminothiazolidin‐4‐one‐based antiproliferative agents.
Methylenebisphosphonates with Dienone Pharmacophore: Synthesis, Structure, Antitumor and Fluorescent Properties
Authors: Makarov Mikhail V. , Leonova Evgeniya S. , Rybalkina Ekaterina Yu. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Shepel Nikolay E. , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Timofeeva Tatiana V. , Odinets Irina L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe synthesis and the antitumor activity and fluorescent properties screening of novel bisphosphonate conjugates with cytotoxic 3,5‐bis((hetero)arylidene)‐4‐piperidone residues were performed. The facile and rapid synthetic route was based on the aza‐Michael addition of NH‐3,5‐bis((hetero)arylidene)‐4‐piperidones to tetraethyl ethylidenebisphosphonate. The synthesized compounds displayed high inhibitory properties towards Caov3, A549, PC3, and KB 3‐1 human carcinoma cell lines. Among those, compounds bearing 4‐cyano‐phenyl and 3‐pyridinyl substituents were revealed as the most active drug candidates with IC50 values in the range of 0.5–2.5 µM. Methylenebisphosphonate with 4‐Me2N‐C6H4 groups in the piperidone framework possessing fluorescence properties may be of interest for visualization of BPs skeletal distribution and cellular uptake in bones and other tissues.
The ability of serum from alpha 1‐antitrypsin–deficient patients to inhibit PRT‐201, a recombinant human type I pancreatic elastase
Authors: Qamar Amir A. , Burke Steven K. , Lafleur Jason D. , Ding Bee C. , Bland Kimberly S. , Wong Marco D. , Gustafson Pamela N. , Blair Andrew T. , Franano F. Nicholas 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPRT‐201 is a recombinant human pancreatic elastase under development as a treatment for blood vessels to promote hemodialysis access patency. Proteases such as elastase are normally inactivated by antiproteases such as alpha 1‐antitrypsin. It is unknown if serum from patients with alpha 1‐antitrypsin deficiency will inhibit PRT‐201 elastase activity. An assay for PRT‐201 elastase activity in the presence of serum was developed and validated. PRT‐201 elastase activity inhibition curves were developed using serum and also using purified alpha 1‐antitrypsin and alpha 2‐macroglobulin. Serum from 15 patients with documented alpha 1‐antitrypsin deficiency, some of whom were receiving alpha 1‐antitrypsin augmentation therapy, and four normal volunteers was analyzed. Serum from normal volunteers and patients with alpha 1‐antitrypsin deficiency completely inactivated PRT‐201 elastase activity in vitro. In the alpha 1‐antitrypsin–deficient patients, the volume of serum necessary to inhibit elastase activity was related to the serum concentration of alpha 1‐antitrypsin and augmentation therapy. Purified alpha 1‐antitrypsin and alpha 2‐macroglobulin were each alone capable of completely inhibiting PRT‐201 elastase activity. It is unlikely that the use of PRT‐201 will be associated with negative outcomes in patients with alpha 1‐antitrypsin deficiency.
Untersuchungen zur Biegetragfähigkeit von verzahnten Balken
Authors: Rug Wolfgang , Thoms Frank , Grimm Uwe , Eichbaum Guido , Abel Stephan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDie Verzahnung ist eine historische Verbindungstechnik, um einzelne Balken schubfest über ihre Längsseite zu einem Träger zu verbinden. Diese Zahnbalken treten heute nur noch im Zuge von Erhaltungsarbeiten an alten Gebäuden in Erscheinung. Aus denkmalpflegerischen Gründen sollen derartige Konstruktionen immer öfter substanzschonend erhalten, repariert oder instandgesetzt werden.In der modernen Holzbauliteratur fehlen allerdings Angaben zu Entwurf, Herstellung und Berechnung der verzahnten Balken. Regeln zur statischen Berechnung und Konstruktion derartiger Träger finden sich in der Holzbauliteratur im Zeitraum zwischen 1830 und 1970.Flexural load‐bearing capacity of composite beams with teeth joints.The dovetail connection is a historical joining technology to avoid thrust by joining scantlings to beams. Nowadays those beams are only appearing during renovations of historical buildings. By preservations of monuments and historical buildings these old joinings should be repaired or restored.There are no codes of practice to these special composite beams in modern literature of timber work. Rules for static calculations are recorded in timber work literature in the period between 1830 to 1970.