bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Modified Elmslie-Trillat Procedure for Patellofemoral Dysfunction
Authors: Dannawi Zaher , Khanduja Vikas , Palmer Chris R. , El-Zebdeh Mustafa 
Published: January 2010

The goal of this study was to evaluate the Elmslie-Trillat procedure for recurrent patellar dislocation, patellofemoral pain (with extensor mechanism malalignment), or a combination of both.
Thirty-two patients underwent the modified Elmslie-Trillat procedure, consisting of a lateral retinacular release and medialization of the tibial tuberosity for recurrent patellar dislocation, patellofemoral pain, or both. Twenty-nine of 32 patients were available for follow-up. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically. Subjective scores were evaluated using the Cox grading system and objective scores using Fulkerson's functional knee score. Average patient age was 33 years. Mean follow-up was 45 months. Subjectively, using the Cox grading system, 10 patients (34%) had an excellent result, 8 (28%) had a good result, 8 (28%) had a fair result, and 3 (10%) had a poor result. All patients with patella dislocation had an excellent or good subjective result, while only 3 patients (34%) with the primary symptom of patellofemoral pain with extensor mechanism malalignment and 4 patients (44%) with a combination of both symptoms had a good or excellent result. Mean Fulkerson's functional knee score was excellent for patients with dislocation only, and fair for those with only pain or both pain and dislocation. The congruence angle was corrected in all patients with this technique. There were no further dislocations in our series. Two patients required hardware removal.
The Elmslie-Trillat procedure is a good surgical option for treatment of recurrent patella instability following failed conservative therapy. However, the results are not as favorable for patients with patellofemoral pain without instability.
Broad Volume Distributions Indicate Nonsynchronized Growth and Suggest Sudden Collapses of Germinal Center B Cell Populations
Authors: Wittenbrink Nicole , Weber Tom S. , Klein Anke , Weiser Armin A. , Zuschratter Werner , Sibila Michael , Schuchhardt Johannes , Or-Guil Michal 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Immunization with a T cell-dependent Ag leads to the formation of several hundred germinal centers (GCs) within secondary lymphoid organs, a key process in the maturation of the immune response. Although prevailing perceptions about affinity maturation intuitively assume simultaneous seeding, growth, and decay of GCs, our previous mathematical simulations led us to hypothesize that their growth might be nonsynchronized. To investigate this, we performed computer-aided three-dimensional reconstructions of splenic GCs to measure size distributions at consecutive time points following immunization of BALB/c mice with a conjugate of 2-phenyl-oxazolone and chicken serum albumin. Our analysis reveals a broad volume distribution of GCs, indicating that individual GCs certainly do not obey the average time course of the GC volumes and that their growth is nonsynchronized. To address the cause and implications of this behavior, we compared our empirical data with simulations of a stochastic mathematical model that allows for frequent and sudden collapses of GCs. Strikingly, this model succeeds in reproducing the empirical average kinetics of GC volumes as well as the underlying broad size distributions. Possible causes of GC B cell population collapses are discussed in the context of the affinity-maturation process.
Diabetes-Induced Oxidative Stress Is Mediated by Ca2+-Independent Phospholipase A2 in Neutrophils
Authors: Ayilavarapu Srinivas , Kantarci Alpdogan , Fredman Gabrielle , Turkoglu Oya , Omori Kazuhiro , Liu Hongsheng , Iwata Tomoyuki , Yagi Motohiko , Hasturk Hatice , Van Dyke Thomas E. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Neutrophils from people with poorly controlled diabetes present a primed phenotype and secrete excessive superoxide. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-derived arachidonic acid (AA) activates the assembly of NADPH oxidase to generate superoxide anion. There is a gap in the current literature regarding which PLA2 isoform regulates NADPH oxidase activation. The aim of this study was to identify the PLA2 isoform involved in the regulation of superoxide generation in neutrophils and investigate if PLA2 mediates priming in response to pathologic hyperglycemia. Neutrophils were isolated from people with diabetes mellitus and healthy controls, and HL60 neutrophil-like cells were grown in hyperglycemic conditions. Incubating neutrophils with the Ca2+-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) inhibitor bromoenol lactone (BEL) completely suppressed fMLP-induced generation of superoxide. The nonspecific actions of BEL on phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase-1, p47phox phosphorylation, and apoptosis were ruled out by specific assays. Small interfering RNA knockdown of iPLA2 inhibited superoxide generation by neutrophils. Neutrophils from people with poorly controlled diabetes and in vitro incubation of neutrophils with high glucose and the receptor for advanced glycation end products ligand S100B greatly enhanced superoxide generation compared with controls, and this was significantly inhibited by BEL. A modified iPLA2 assay, Western blotting, and PCR confirmed that there was increased iPLA2 activity and expression in neutrophils from people with diabetes. AA (10 μM) partly rescued the inhibition of superoxide generation mediated by BEL, confirming that NADPH oxidase activity is, in part, regulated by AA. This study provides evidence for the role of iPLA2 in enhanced superoxide generation in neutrophils from people with diabetes mellitus and presents an alternate pathway independent of protein kinase C and phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase-1 hydrolase signaling.
Dust Storms and Emergency Department Visits in 3 Southwestern States Using NWS Storm Reports
Authors: Zheng Xiaping , Chang Howard H. , Ebelt Stefanie T. , D’Souza Rohan , Hohsfield Kirk , Crooks James L. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceDust storms are projected to increase with climate change. The short-term health outcomes associated with dust storms in the US are not well characterized, especially for morbidity outcomes.ObjectiveTo estimate associations between dust storms and diagnosis-specific emergency department (ED) visits during 2005 to 2018.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study using a time-stratified case-crossover design, short-term associations between dust storms and ED visits were estimated at the zip code level using conditional Poisson analysis with adjustment for meteorology and within-month trends. Same-day dust storm events and storm events within a lag period of up to 7 days were considered. State-wide patient-level ED visit records acquired from 3 state health departments (Arizona, California, and Utah) were analyzed. Data were analyzed between April 21 and November 12, 2024.ExposuresDust storm events were reported by the US National Weather Service and assigned to each patient zip code that had at least a 5% areal overlap with the National Weather Service forecast zone.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPatient-level ED visits for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, culture-negative pneumonia, congestive heart failure (CHF), cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, and visits due to motor vehicle accidents.ResultsThe analysis included 33 500 ED visits among the outcomes of interest (5717 children aged 0-17 years [17.1%] and 11 150 adults aged &amp;gt;65 years [33.3%]; 17 394 male [51.9%] and 16 104 female [48.1%]; 2829 Black [8.4%] and 22 537 White [67.2%]; 9256 Hispanic [27.6%]) and 206 dust-impacted zip codes. The strongest associations between dust storms and ED visits were found for asthma (lag 0-2 relative risk [RR], 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.11; P = .03), culture-negative pneumonia (lag 0-7 RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10; P = .002), CHF (lag 0-7 RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.10; P = .01), and motor vehicle accidents (lag 0 RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.23; P = .003). Associations of dust storm exposure with ischemic heart disease were mostly protective (eg, lag 0-2 RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.84-0.95; P &amp;lt; .001). Associations of dust storm exposure with risk of ED visits for CHF and motor vehicle accidents were robust against adjustment for ambient ozone (eg, CHF: RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.13; P = .003) and nitrogen dioxide (eg, CHF: RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.13; P = .003) air pollution.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, dust storms were positively associated with ED visits for asthma, pneumonia, heart failure, and motor vehicle accidents. These findings contribute to our understanding of the association of dust storms with morbidity in the US and potential outcomes under a changing climate.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of vasculitis in the Alaska Native and American Indian peoples of Alaska
Authors: Henderson Ben A. , Mehta Vivek R. , Holck Peter , Choromanski Tammy L. , Wilson Amy , Lee Flora , Ferucci Elizabeth D. 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveOur objective was to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of vasculitis in Alaska Native and American Indian (AN/AI) peoples of Alaska.MethodsWe queried the electronic health records of participating tribal health organizations within the Alaska Tribal Health System (ATHS) to identify adults with diagnostic codes related to vasculitis. Medical record abstraction was performed for all adults with potential vasculitis to confirm fulfillment of inclusion criteria, subtype, and clinical characteristics. The denominator for prevalence was the 2019 ATHS user population ≥ 18 (except giant cell arteritis (GCA), defined for persons ≥ 50).ResultsThe age‐adjusted prevalence per 1,000,000 AN/AI adults was 752 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 581‐959) for all vasculitis, with systemic vasculitis being the most common at 518 (95% CI 379‐695). The most prevalent types of systemic vasculitis were ANCA‐associated vasculitis (AAV) at 340 per million adults (95% CI 230‐488) and GCA at 28 per 100,000 ≥ 50 (95% CI 12‐56). The most prevalent subtype of AAV was granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) at 244 per million adults (95% CI 148‐380). AAV was diagnosed at a mean age of 54.2 years (Standard Deviation (SD) 17), often with high inflammatory markers and renal involvement. GCA was diagnosed at a mean age of 69.6 years (SD 9.2).ConclusionThe prevalence of AAV (especially GPA) in AN/AI peoples is high. GCA prevalence is lower than White populations, but higher than many other populations. AN/AI peoples with AAV and GCA may present at younger ages with more severe disease than other populations.
Near‐Field Phonon Nanoscopy and Imaging of Structural Variants in Mixed Phase BiFeO3
Authors: Zhang Dawei , You En‐Ming , Wang Lei , Jang Byung‐Kweon , Yousaf Tanzeela , Zhang Pengfei , Kim Jincheol , Yang Chan‐Ho , Seidel Jan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEpitaxial mixed phase BiFeO3 (BFO) can be stabilized in a nanoscale mixture of tetragonal‐like and rhombohedral‐like polymorphs embedded in a tetragonal‐like matrix, which provides a fertile playground for the exploration of fascinating material properties. The nanoscale phonon properties of these structural variants, which are expected to reflect information on sample properties coupled with crystal lattice vibrations, have rarely been investigated at the nanoscale. Far‐field infrared studies of BFO are restricted by spatial resolution and deep probing depth, whereas scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscopy (s‐SNOM) achieves a resolution of tens of nanometers with minimal optical contribution from the substrate. Here, this work combines nano‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (nano‐FTIR) and s‐SNOM imaging to reveal the minute difference in the phonon response of these structural variants. This work reports on the first direct mid‐infrared imaging of such nanoscale phase variants in mixed phase BFO based on their distinct vibrational signatures acquired from the nano‐FTIR. The noninvasive optical reading in the infrared can further successfully detect electrical switching of ferroelectric BFO, providing insight into future infrared photoelectric applications. This work demonstrates that scanning near‐field techniques are versatile and sensitive for probing the structural and physical properties of nanoscale entities with subtle distinctions.
A Polymer Composite as a Thermal Antifuse for Battery‐free RFID Temperature Indicators
Authors: Lapsirivatkul Teerapat , Strauss Roman , Changtong Chuchawin , Ungpittagul Thasanaporn , Tanasaro Thanadporn , Chaopaknam Jidapa , Crespy Daniel , Pattanasattayavong Pichaya 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTime‐temperature indicators (TTIs) play an important role in logistics, supply chain, and inventory management. They indicate a visual signal when the temperature exceeds a predefined threshold. However, TTIs require a manual process of checking each label individually, making their applications time and cost‐intensive. Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags can streamline the process with data readily available in digital format. Challenges of RFID‐based temperature sensors are the need for a battery and incompatibility with standard readers. In this study, thermoresponsive composites are developed based on acetylene black (AB) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). By mixing two PEG binders having different molecular weights, the resulting composites function as thermal antifuses, irreversibly transitioning from a high resistance (HR) state to a low resistance (LR) state. The optimal composition detects a threshold temperature of ≈60 °C and shows a large HR/LR ratio of >103. Combining the antifuse based on this unique AB/PEG composite with an RFID tag with a tamper detection capability allows the fabrication of a battery‐free, passive RFID temperature indicator equipped with a 1‐bit non‐volatile memory. The device can track the environment of temperature‐sensitive items, save the status, and indicate a digital output when a temperature threshold has been exceeded.
When Two Becomes Three: Predicting Stable Ternary Boron‐Based Compounds by Populating Unique Lattice Sites in Binary Prototype Structures
Authors: Carlsson Adam , Rosen Johanna , Dahlqvist Martin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBoron‐based materials are known for their excellent mechanical properties and structural versatility. However, the discovery of such novel materials is often hindered by challenging synthesis procedures, such as high temperature and pressure, which is why theoretical guidance can be used to identify candidates most promising for synthesis. In this study, new chemical phase spaces are explored utilizing the Materials Project database. 16 boron‐based binary prototype structures are identified, each featuring two unique non‐boron lattice sites. These sites are subsequently populated with elements from Groups 2 to 14 and expanded into 27 552 ternary compounds. Phase stability assessments identify 166 stable ternary compounds, 155 of which are mechanically stable. Analysis reveals a strong correlation between boron concentration and mechanical properties, with boron‐rich compounds exhibiting higher Vickers hardness and improving shear and Young's moduli. Notably, multiple ternary compounds demonstrate significant mechanical property enhancements over their binary counterparts, with some showing Young's modulus improvements of up to 50%. These findings exemplify a pathway for designing novel boron‐based materials with exceptional mechanical characteristics.
N6‐Methyladenosine‐Modified circSMAD4 Prevents Lumbar Instability Induced Cartilage Endplate Ossification
Authors: Li Hanwen , Tang Yingchuang , Hu Sihan , Ruan Xingbang , Zhang Junxin , Shi Yihan , Qiu Liang , Yang Huilin , Zhang Kai , Chen Hao , Chen Kangwu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLumbar instability causes cartilage endplate ossification and intervertebral disc degeneration. In this study, it is determined that circSMAD4, a Yap1‐related circRNA, is stably downregulated under abnormal stress. In vitro, circSMAD4 knockdown resulted in Yap1 mRNA degradation, whereas circSMAD4 overexpression increased Yap1 mRNA expression and nuclear translocation. Hence, the stabilization of circSMAD4 is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of endplate cartilage under abnormal stress. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that METTL14‐mediated N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification can stabilize circSMAD4 expression. Moreover, circSMAD4 is shown to regulate Yap1 mRNA through the m6A reader IGF2BP1. The IGF2BP1 functions to translocate Yap1 mRNA into the nucleus, which protects endplate chondrocytes from degeneration. Finally, local injection of an AAV5‐containing circSMAD4 overexpression plasmid successfully rescued LSI‐induced cartilage endplate degeneration, which wasn't observed in Yap1 knockout mice. These findings suggest that m6A‐modified circSMAD4 can stabilize Yap1 mRNA expression and translocation, thus preventing degeneration of the cartilage endplate under abnormal stress. Hence, circSMAD4 may become a potential therapeutic tool for managing instability‐induced intervertebral disc degeneration.
SSRIs reduce plasma tau and restore dorsal raphe metabolism in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Terstege Dylan J. , Jabeen Shaista ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Galea Liisa A. M. , Epp Jonathan R. , Sargin Derya 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONTau pathology impacts neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) being among the brain regions showing the earliest tau pathology. As a serotonergic hub, DRN activity is altered by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which also have variable effects on cognitive decline and pathology in AD.METHODSWe examined N = 191 subjects with baseline 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and plasma biomarker data to study the effects of SSRIs on tau pathology, cognitive decline, and DRN metabolism.RESULTSPlasma phosphorylated tau 181 (p‐tau181) was lower with SSRI use. The effect of SSRIs on cognition varied by cognitive assessment. The DRN was hypometabolic in AD patients relative to healthy controls; however, SSRI use restored the metabolic activity of this region in AD patients.DISCUSSIONLong‐term SSRI use may reduce the pathological presentation of AD but has variable effects on cognitive performance.Highlights
Tau pathology spreads throughout the brain during AD pathogenesis.
The DRN is among the first regions to develop tau pathology during this process.
SSRI use restores the metabolic activity of the DRN and reduces plasma p‐tau181.
Synthesis of NIR‐II Fluorophores by a C(sp2)−C(sp2/sp) Coupling Reaction Driven by Charge‐Transfer Interaction
Authors: Li Jie , Liu Xin‐Xin , Peng Ling‐Ya , Niu Li‐Ya , Wang Wenguang , Cui Ganglong , Yang Qing‐Zheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHere, we report a C(sp2)−C(sp2/sp) coupling reaction driven by charge transfer interaction. Due to the strong intermolecular noncovalent interaction, an essential electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex is formed, confirmed solidly by absorption spectra, 1H NMR and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The EDA complex lowers the activation barrier (Ea=9.17 kcal/mol) and facilitates the formation of the C−C bond, which is the rate‐limiting step revealed by H/D and 12C/13C KIE studies. Kinetic investigations reveal that the reaction is a second‐order reaction. Furthermore, high‐level theoretical calculations support the proposed mechanism. The mono‐ and di‐substituted products were obtained by varying the reaction conditions. A series of structurally diverse and novel second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorophores based on benzo[1,2‐c : 4,5‐c’]bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) (BBTD) were synthesized by utilizing this coupling reaction.
The Ratio of sp2 and sp3 Hybridized Carbon Determines the Performance of Carbon‐based Catalysts in H2O2 Electrosynthesis from O2
Authors: Zhu Dayu , Wu Hsi-wen , Fong Wye-Khay , Tabor Rico F. , Zhang Jie 
Published: February 2025

Introducing oxygen‐ or carbon‐containing functional groups is a widely adopted strategy to optimize the performance of carbon‐based catalysts for the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e‐ORR). Nevertheless, the specific contributions of these functional groups to enhance activity and selectivity are not well‐defined and continue under debate. In this study, we systematically modified carbon materials by controlling the contents of oxygen functional groups (OFGs) and carbon functional groups (CFGs). Surface compositions were accurately quantified using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and 2e‐ORR performance was evaluated using a rotating ring‐disk electrode (RRDE) in 0.1 M KOH. Through reliable statistical analyses, including partial least squares regression and linear regression, we explored the correlations between the surface compositional features—specifically the ratios of OFGs, CFGs, and sp2/sp3 hybridized carbon—and the catalytic performance metrics such as onset potential and H2O2 selectivity. Our findings challenge existing paradigms by demonstrating that the sp2/sp3 ratio is a critical factor in determining catalytic selectivity and a certain correlate with the 2e‐ORR onset potential. By tuning this ratio, we achieved nearly 100% H2O2 selectivity within 0.4‐0.6 V vs. RHE, and onset potential approached the thermodynamical potential (0.695 V vs. RHE), pointing a new direction in designing and developing advanced electrocatalysts for sustainable H2O2 synthesis.
Investigating the Effects of K Species on V2O5‐WO3/TiO2 Catalyst: A DFT‐Supported Comparative Analysis of Poisoning Methods
Authors: Ali Zulfiqar , Fang Long‐peng , Sun Huai‐de , Wu Yang‐wen , Panjwani Manoj Kumar , Ali Khawaja Haider , Liu Ji , Lu Qiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe deactivation of V2O5‐WO3/TiO2 (V‐W/TiO2) catalysts in NH3‐selective catalytic reduction (SCR) due to potassium (K) species from coal‐fired power plant emissions has garnered significant attention, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores these deactivation mechanisms by introducing K poisoning through incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) and solid‐state diffusion methods. Comprehensive analyses, including characterization techniques and density functional theory (DFT) simulations, revealed that increased KCl loading and longer diffusion times of calcination significantly reduce the catalyst's denitration activity. The interaction of KCl with the V2O5 component leads to a reduction in surface acidity and promotes K2O formation, which causes agglomeration on catalyst surface and reduces the surface area. Both methods of poisoning also diminish the redox properties of the catalyst due to an increased presence of low‐valent vanadium (V4+, V3+) species. These results provide a detailed understanding of the deactivation process, offering a foundation for developing strategies to enhance the alkali metal poisoning resistance of commercial SCR catalysts.