bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in ketamine metabolism by use of liver microsomes and specific cytochrome P450 enzymes from horses, dogs, and humans
Authors: Mössner Lone D. , Schmitz Andrea , Theurillat Regula , Thormann Wolfgang , Mevissen Meike 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objective—To identify and characterize cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) responsible for the metabolism of racemic ketamine in 3 mammalian species in vitro by use of chemical inhibitors and antibodies.
Sample—Human, canine, and equine liver microsomes and human single CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 and their canine orthologs.
Procedures—Chemical inhibitors selective for human CYP enzymes and anti-CYP antibodies were incubated with racemic ketamine and liver microsomes or specific CYPs. Ketamine N-demethylation to norketamine was determined via enantioselective capillary electrophoresis.
Results—The general CYP inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole almost completely blocked ketamine metabolism in human and canine liver microsomes but not in equine microsomes. Chemical inhibition of norketamine formation was dependent on inhibitor concentration in most circumstances. For all 3 species, inhibitors of CYP3A4, CYP2A6, CYP2C19, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 diminished N-demethylation of ketamine. Anti-CYP3A4, anti-CYP2C9, and anti-CYP2B6 antibodies also inhibited ketamine N-demethylation. Chemical inhibition was strongest with inhibitors of CYP2A6 and CYP2C19 in canine and equine microsomes and with the CYP3A4 inhibitor in human microsomes. No significant contribution of CYP2D6 to ketamine biotransformation was observed. Although the human CYP2C9 inhibitor blocked ketamine N-demethylation completely in the canine ortholog CYP2C21, a strong inhibition was also obtained by the chemical inhibitors of CYP2C19 and CYP2B6. Ketamine N-demethylation was stereoselective in single human CYP3A4 and canine CYP2C21 enzymes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Human-specific inhibitors of CYP2A6, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 diminished ketamine N-demethylation in dogs and horses. To address drug-drug interactions in these animal species, investigations with single CYPs are needed.
Pharmacokinetics of long-acting ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) after a single intramuscular injection
Authors: Wojick Kimberlee B. , Langan Jennifer N. , Adkesson Michael J. , Cox Sherry K. , Gamble Kathryn C. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the elimination pharmacokinetics of a single IM injection of a long-acting ceftiofur preparation (ceftiofur crystalline-free acid [CCFA]) in healthy adult helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris).
Animals—14 healthy adult guineafowl.
Procedures—1 dose of CCFA (10 mg/kg) was administered IM to each of the guineafowl. Blood samples were collected intermittently via jugular venipuncture over a 144-hour period. Concentrations of ceftiofur and all desfuroylceftiofur metabolites were measured in plasma via high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results—No adverse effects of drug administration or blood collection were observed in any bird. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for many bacterial pathogens of poultry and domestic ducks (1 μg/mL) was achieved by 1 hour after administration in most birds and by 2 hours in all birds. A maximum plasma concentration of 5.26 μg/mL was reached 19.3 hours after administration. Plasma concentrations remained higher than the MIC for at least 56 hours in all birds and for at least 72 hours in all but 2 birds. The harmonic mean ± pseudo-SD terminal half-life of ceftiofur was 29.0 ± 4.93 hours. The mean area under the curve was 306 ± 69.3 μg•h/mL, with a mean residence time of 52.0 ± 8.43 hours.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A dosage of 10 mg of CCFA/kg, IM, every 72 hours in helmeted guineafowl should provide a sufficient plasma drug concentration to inhibit growth of bacteria with an MIC ≤ 1 μg/mL. Clinical use should ideally be based on bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility data and awareness that use of CCFA in avian patients constitutes extralabel use of this product.
Feasibility of percutaneous catheterization and embolization of the thoracic duct in dogs
Authors: Singh Ameet , Brisson Brigitte A. , O'Sullivan M. Lynne , Solomon Jeffrey A. , Malek Sarah , Nykamp Stephanie , Thomason Jeff J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objective—To develop and determine the feasibility of a novel minimally invasive technique for percutaneous catheterization and embolization of the thoracic duct (PCETD) in dogs and to determine thoricic duct TD pressure at rest and during short-term balloon occlusion of the cranial vena cava (CrVC).
Animals—Fifteen 7- to 11-month-old healthy mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—Efferent intestinal lymphangiography was performed, and the cisterna chyli was punctured with a trochar needle percutaneously under fluoroscopic guidance. When access was successful, a guide wire was directed into the TD through the needle and a vascular access sheath was advanced over the guide wire. Thoracic duct pressure was measured at rest and during acute balloon occlusion of the CrVC. The TD was then embolized cranial to the diaphragm with a combination of microcoils and cyanoacrylate or ethylene vinyl alcohol.
Results—Successful puncture of the cisterna chyli with advancement of a wire into the TD was possible in 9 of 15 dogs, but successful catheterization was possible in only 5 of 9 dogs. Acute balloon occlusion of the CrVC led to a substantial TD pressure increase in 4 of 4 dogs, and embolization of the TD was successful in 4 of 4 dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—PCETD can successfully be performed in healthy dogs; however, this minimally invasive technique cannot currently be recommended for routine treatment of chylothorax, in part because of the technically demanding nature of the procedure. An increase in jugular venous pressure led to an increase in TD pressure, potentially predisposing some dogs to developing chylothorax.
A finite difference approach for the initial-boundary value problem of the fractional Klein-Kramers equation in phase space
Authors: Gao Guang-hua , Sun Zhi-zhong 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Considering the features of the fractional Klein-Kramers equation (FKKE) in phase space, only the unilateral boundary condition in position direction is needed, which is different from the bilateral boundary conditions in [Cartling B., Kinetics of activated processes from nonstationary solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation for a bistable potential, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 87(5), 2638–2648] and [Deng W., Li C., Finite difference methods and their physical constrains for the fractional Klein-Kramers equation, Numer. Methods Partial Differential Equations, 2011, 27(6), 1561–1583]. In the paper, a finite difference scheme is constructed, where temporal fractional derivatives are approximated using L1 discretization. The advantages of the scheme are: for every temporal level it can be dealt with from one side to the other one in position direction, and for any fixed position only a tri-diagonal system of linear algebraic equations needs to be solved. The computational amount reduces compared with the ADI scheme in [Cartling B., Kinetics of activated processes from nonstationary solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation for a bistable potential, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 87(5), 2638–2648] and the five-point scheme in [Deng W., Li C., Finite difference methods and their physical constrains for the fractional Klein-Kramers equation, Numer. Methods Partial Differential Equations, 2011, 27(6), 1561–1583]. The stability and convergence are proved and two examples are included to show the accuracy and effectiveness of the method.
Layered double hydroxides — multifunctional nanomaterials
Authors: Zümreoglu-Karan Birgül , Ay Ahmet 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDH’s), also known as anionic clays, are lamellar inorganic solids. The structure of most of them corresponds to that of mineral hydrotalcite, consisting of brucite-like hydroxide sheets, where partial substitution of trivalent or divalent cations results in a positive sheet charge compensated by reversibly exchangeable anions within interlayer galleries. These layered materials have good intercalation properties capturing inorganic and organic ions and they are promising materials for a large number of practical applications, both for direct preparation and for after thermal treatment.Over the past decade, significant interest has been devoted to the synthesis of LDHs with new compositions allowing improved applications in many areas. This contribution reviews the recent advances in water treatment, nuclear waste treatment/storage, catalytic, industrial, and advanced applications and biomedical applications of LDH-based nanomaterials.
The environmental impact of gold mines: pollution by heavy metals
Authors: Abdul-Wahab Sabah , Marikar Fouzul 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The gold mining plant of Oman was studied to assess the contribution of gold mining on the degree of heavy metals into different environmental media. Samples were collected from the gold mining plant area in tailings, stream waters, soils and crop plants. The collected samples were analyzed for 13 heavy metals including vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), aluminium (Al), strontium (Sr), iron (Fe) and barium (Ba). The water in the acid evaporation pond showed a high concentration of Fe as well as residual quantities of Zn, V, and Al, whereas water from the citizens well showed concentrations of Al above those of Omani and WHO standards. The desert plant species growing closed to the gold pit indicated high concentrations of heavy metals (Mn, Al, Ni, Fe, Cr, and V), while the similar plant species used as a control indicated lesser concentrations of all heavy metals. The surface water (blue) indicated very high concentrations of copper and significant concentrations of Mn, Ni, Al, Fe, Zn, lead, Co and Cd. The results revealed that some of the toxic metals absorbed by plants indicated significant metal immobilization.
Towards validating a last generation, integrated wave-current-sediment numerical model in coastal regions using video measurements
Authors: Carniel Sandro , Sclavo Mauro , Archetti Renata 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This paper presents the first steps in the implementation of a morphological numerical model to be applied in the Bevano River region, a shallow water area in the Adriatic Sea, with the aim of helping the identification and assessment of erosional patterns and bottom morphological modifications induced by severe marine storms. The numerical modeling, performed using a fully 3D coupled wave-current-sediment version of the ROMS model, has been complemented with in situ data analysis and observations: a first qualitative validation of the results was given by the analysis of images acquired via an ARGUS video station.
Hydrodynamic modeling highlighted how shear bottom stresses and bottom currents fields were heavily influenced by severe storm situations, and had large effects on the morphology of shallow regions. The correlation between the wave-current induced bottom stresses and the resulting topography was investigated. Nearshore hydrodynamics modeling results demonstrated the dominant role played by alongshore sediment transport, with the magnitude of both cross- and along-shore wave-induced currents strongly depending on wave height and direction.
We found a good qualitative conformity between the results of the numerical models applied during a “Bora” storm and the corresponding video observations; both techniques indicated the migration of the existing sandbar within the range of about 40 m seaward.
Results show how integrated numerical open source tools, often used in oceanography, are becoming suitable for both preliminary investigations and for planning the effective littoral management, and how their calibration can be supported by the use of new low cost techniques, such as video measurements.
Chaetoceros resting spores as indicators of Holocene paleoenvironmental changes in the Gulf of Gdańsk, southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Witak Małgorzata , Dunder Julita , Leśniewska Małgorzata 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze resting spores of Chaetoceros spp. preserved in Middle and Late Holocene sediments of the three parts of the Gulf of Gdańsk, southern Baltic Sea. The material studied consists of ten cores retrieved from Kuźnica Deep (Puck Lagoon), as well as the shallower and deeper parts of the Outer Puck Bay region. Our results indicate that the abundance of Chaetoceros resting spores in diatom taphocoenoses corresponded to regional and local paleoecological changes registered in Mastogloia, Littorina and Post-Littorina sediments, and that they also reflect human impact in the last hundred years.
In situ study of adult Artemia salina morphometry and its relationship to the physicochemical water parameters in the saltwork of Sahline (Tunisia)
Authors: Naceur Hachem , Jenhani Amel , Romdhane Mohamed 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The morphometric characteristics of the adult natural population of the brine shrimp Artemia salina from the saltwork of Sahline were surveyed in order to establish the relationship between morphometry and environmental water parameters. The field work was performed monthly from October 2005 to June 2006. During this period, the variation in water temperature, salinity, pH, and concentrations of dissolved oxygen and nutrients (orthophosphate, nitrite, nitrate and ammonium) were monitored. Adult Artemia samples (male and female) were randomly collected and stored in plastic containers and transferred to the laboratory for morphometric characterisation. Results show that adult specimens appear in the saltwork of Sahline from December through June. The population sampled in June had significantly lower values in all morphometric characters when compared to the other samples. Concerning male specimens, correlation analysis of the morphometric parameters and environmental conditions indicate that the strongest correlations were between temperature and total length (r
xy = −0.656), salinity and total length (r
xy = −0.558), and between pH and width of head (r
xy = 0.559). For female specimens, the strongest correlations were between total length and salinity (r
xy = −0.610), total length and temperature (r
xy = −0.537) and between total length and pH (r
xy = 0.583). No correlations were observed between dissolved oxygen concentrations or ammonium levels and any morphometric parameters. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that diameter of compound eyes, width of second abdominal segment and width of third abdominal segment, for male specimens, and total length, abdominal length and width of the ovisac, for female specimens, are the morphometric parameters that show the greatest variation between samples.
Spatial distribution of rotifers (Rotifera) in monospecies beds of invasive Vallisneria spiralis L. in heated lakes
Authors: Ejsmont-Karabin Jolanta , Hutorowicz Andrzej 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Species abundance and richness of rotifer communities occupying monospecies beds of Vallisneria was studied in Lake Licheńskie included in the open cooling system of heat and power stations. Differences were found in rotifer numbers, species composition and diversity between sampling points within the same location and between the locations. Factors that seem to be responsible for the high diversity of rotifer communities inhabiting Vallisneria beds are: large-scale horizontal diversity (between macrophyte patches), small-scale horizontal diversity (within patches) and the high vulnerability of Vallisneria epiphyton to disturbances caused by wave action.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a New Paediatric Fixed-Dose Combination of Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Nevirapine in HIV-Infected Children
Authors:   the IMPAACT P1069 Team, Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Cressey Tim R , Capparelli Edmund , Sirisanthana Virat , Muresan Petronella , Hongsiriwon Suchat , Ngampiyaskul Chaiwat , Limwongse Chanin , Wittawatmongkol Orasri , Aurpibul Linda , Kabat Bill , Toye MariPat , Smith Mary Elizabeth , Eksaengsri Achara , McIntosh Kenneth , Yogev Ram 
Published: October 2011

Background Alternatives to the available stavudine-containing paediatric fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablets are rapidly needed due to concerns regarding the cumulative toxicity of long-term stavudine exposure. We report the bioavailability and short-term safety of a novel paediatric FDC tablet of zidovudine (ZDV)/lamivudine (3TC)/nevirapine (NVP; 30/15/28 mg) in HIV-infected children. Methods In this Phase I/II open-label pharmacokinetic study, 42 children weighing 6–30 kg treated with NVP-based HAART for ≥4 weeks were randomized to receive the FDC tablets (GPO-VIR Z30) or the liquid formulations. Dosing was weight-based. Intensive 12-h blood sampling was performed after 2 weeks; subjects then crossed-over to the alternate formulation at equal doses and sampling repeated 2 weeks later. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by non-compartmental analysis. Buccal-swab samples were collected for cytochrome P450 ( CYP)2B6 polymorphism analysis. Results With the FDC tablet, the geometric mean (90% CI) area under the curve (AUC) for ZDV, 3TC and NVP was 1.58 (1.49-1.68), 7.78 (7.38-8.19) and 68.88 (62.13-76.36) μg•h/ml, respectively. Rules for NVP therapeutic inadequacy were defined a priori, and despite lower NVP exposure with the tablet ( P <0.001), the levels remained therapeutically adequate. ZDV AUC was similar between formulations. 3TC exposure was significantly higher with the tablet but comparable to historical data in adults and children taking branded tablets. While receiving the tablet, NVP AUC in children with CYP2B 516 GG (45%), GT (45%) and TT (10%) genotypes were 67.0, 74.5 and 106.4 μg•h/ml, respectively ( P =0.04). Conclusions Disparities in drug exposure between formulations were observed; however, the FDC tablet delivered therapeutically adequate exposures of each drug and could well play an important role in simplifying antiretroviral treatment for children.
Comment devient-on policier ? 1982-2003. Évolutions sociodémographiques et motivations plurielles
Authors: Pruvost Geneviève , Roharik Ionela 
Published: October 2011

Il s’agit d’explorer ce qui incite à devenir policier, aussi bien en termes sociodémographiques qu’en termes de vocation : la comparaison entre une jeune et une ancienne génération de policiers, entre les grades d’officier et de gardien de la paix, ainsi qu’entre les sexes, au sein d’une même enquête statistique (N = 5015) permet de dégager les constantes et les évolutions qui ont touché le recrutement policier depuis vingt ans. Une régression logistique a par ailleurs été menée pour déterminer les variables qui pèsent sur le contenu même de la vocation policière (réaliste, aventurière, missionnaire et rigoriste), en vue d’établir des liens avec la conception plus ou moins répressive du métier, et plus largement entre socialisation primaire et socialisation professionnelle.
Le travail policier vu par les étudiants en techniques policières : une question d'attitude
Authors: Richard Éric , Pacaud Marie-Christine 
Published: October 2011

Cet article présente les résultats d’une enquête de terrain réalisée auprès d’un échantillon d’élèves inscrits au programme de techniques policières, un programme d’une durée de trois ans préalable à l’admission au stage terminal de 15 semaines donné à l’École nationale de police du Québec. L’enquête, réalisée par passation d’un questionnaire, visait à établir jusqu’à quel point un certain nombre d’attributs de base (le sexe, l’âge, le fait d’avoir ou non des amis ou des parents dans la police) de même que certaines attitudes de base (l’application des lois, l’ouverture à la diversité et les principes d’un comportement exemplaire) interviennent ou non sur la perception qu’ont ces mêmes répondants de certains principes de base de l’intervention policière au Québec, notamment les principes de base de l’approche de police communautaire. Il ressort de nos analyses que les attitudes des répondants influent significativement plus que leurs attributs, ceci témoignant en faveur de la passation préalable à l’acceptation au programme de formation d’un questionnaire standardisé susceptible de révéler ces attitudes de départ.
« Le futur, c'est maintenant ». L'imaginaire dystopique dans l'œuvre de James Graham Ballard
Authors: Celka Marianne , Vidal Bertrand 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Cet article souligne la dimension sociologique de l’œuvre du romancier James Graham Ballard (1930-2009), à travers deux grands corpus dans lesquels domine le thème de la catastrophe : le Cycle des apocalypses et la Trilogie de béton . La catastrophe est appréhendée ici comme l’exutoire et la résultante d’un monde trop aseptisé.
Darmon’s Points and Quaternionic Shimura Varieties
Authors: Gärtner Jérôme 
Published: October 2011

Abstract In this paper, we generalize a conjecture due to Darmon and Logan in an adelic setting. We study the relation between our construction and Kudla's works on cycles on orthogonal Shimura varieties. This relation allows us to conjecture a Gross-Kohnen-Zagier theorem for Darmon's points.
Le lemme fondamental pondéré pour le groupe métaplectique
Authors: Li Wen-Wei 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Dans cet article, on énonce une variante du lemme fondamental pondéré d’Arthur pour le groupe métaplectique deWeil, qui sera un ingrédient indispensable de la stabilisation de la formule des traces. Pour un corps de caractéristique résiduelle suffisamment grande, on en donne une démonstration à l’aide de la méthode de descente, qui est conditionnelle : on admet le lemme fondamental pondéré non standard sur les algèbres de Lie. Vu les travaux de Chaudouard et Laumon, on s’attend à ce que cette condition soit ultérieurement vérifiée.
An External Validity Study of the Visual Memory Subtest of the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills, Third Edition
Authors: Coté Carol A 
Published: October 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare scores on the Visual Memory subtest of the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills, Third Edition, with those on a Draw-from-Memory task. Method: The external validity of the Visual Memory subtest was measured by comparing the subtest scores with performance on a Draw-from-Memory activity. Participants were 80 primary school age children, including 28 identified as learning disabled. Results: A moderate correlation (r = 0.411) was found, supporting the hypothesis that the two measures are related. However, the learning disabled children accounted for much of the covariance found, possibly due to the mix of verbal and non-verbal disabilities. Conclusion: The validity of the standardised test based on its correlation with a related activity was only weakly supported.