bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Biology and Behaviour of the European Pine Shoot Moth Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), in Southern Ontario II. Egg, Larva, and Pupa
Authors: Pointing P. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis is the second of two papers on this subject. The eggs of R. buoliana are usually found singly or in small groups on the hark or needle sheaths of new shoots, except under conditions of severe infestation where new foliage is in short supply. The first two instars feed on needles from within webs. Third-instar larvae mine one or more buds and cease feeding in late summer before the advent of unfavourable temperatures. Low temperature, lethal to overwintering third-instar larvae, is one of the most important and readily measured mortality factors, Larvae spin webs and moult before they resume feeding in April or May. Migration, usually upward in the tree crown, and web construction continue throughout the spring feeding period. Larvae within two feet of the ground surface on trees less than eight feet tall complete their development earlier than larvae at higher levels. Parasitism, based on previous extensive surveys, has very likely been underestimated.
Emergence and Flight of Click Beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Organic Soils of Southwestern Quebec
Authors: Lafrance J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRecords obtained over a period of six years revealed that the Elaterid beetles in organic soils in southwestern Quebec emerged during the second and third weeks of May when the maximum soil temperature varied between 39 and 57°F and the maximum air temperature between 57 and 80°F. Males appeared earlier than females, the proportion of males becoming larger as the population decreased. Peaks of emergence occurred mostly during the first and second weeks of June when the air temperature varied between 74 and 82°F. Adult populations decreased from the beginning of June to disappear completely by the middle of July. The flight period lasted 73 and 52 days when the maximum daily temperature during the month of May averaged 62.4 and 70°F respectively. Of eleven species, Dalopius pallidus Br., Melanotus communis-fissilis complex and Agriotes mancus (Say) were the most numerous species collected in flight-traps, whereas Dalopius pallidus Br., Hypolithus abbreviatus (Say), Ctenicera tarsalis (Melsh.), Agriotes mancus (Say), and Aeolus mellillus (Say) were respectively the five most abundant species attracted by the solution of dilute molasses in heap-traps. Most of Elaterid beetles were captured when flying south. Beetles were captured at all heights from 15 to 75 inches. The population of adults decreased rapidly after two years of clean cultivation in the area surrounding the experimental plots.
Effects of Temperature on Hatching and on Longevity of Starved First-Instar Larvae of Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
Authors: Swailes G. E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLaboratory studies showed that eggs of Hylemya brassicae required 34 and 67 day-degrees at 10° and 30 °C. and 49 day-degrees at 15°, 20°, and 25 °C. to hatch when 7.2 °C. was used as the threshold temperature for development. Factors that were lethal to the eggs were temperatures above 41 °C. for one hour and periods of desiccation of 1, 1, 2, 5, and 9 days at 30°, 25°, 20°, 15°, and 10 °C., respectively.First-instar larvae survived for approximately 2, 3, 5, and 8 days without food at temperatures of 20°, 15°, 10°, and 5 °C. Starvation for 24 hours immediately after hatching reduced initiation of feeding only slightly.
Effects of Defoliation on Survival of Larvae of the Larch Sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)
Authors: Ives W. G. H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe searching behaviour of fifth-instar larch sawfly larvae on artificially defoliated tamarack branches and trees is discussed. Local defoliation is shown to be capable of causing appreciable mortality among early-instar larvae if feeding damage by earlier colonies forces them to wander in search of food. Air temperature affects the distance and rate of such larval movement. A considerable proportion of dislodged fifth-instar larvae are able to reach foliage and resume feeding on nearby host trees.
Li‐Metal Symmetrical Cell Studies Using Ionic Organic Plastic Crystal Electrolyte
Authors: Howlett Patrick C. , Shekibi Yousoff , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Forsyth Maria 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA low current density preconditioning process, which produces an improved lithium transport mechanism is created by the action of charge flow through a plastic crystal electrolyte (figure). A reduction in cell polarisation at high applied current density is demonstrated which approaches the rates required for these electrolytes to be used in practical devices.
Functional variants of TSPAN8 are associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Scholz Claus‐Jürgen , Jacob Christian P. , Buttenschon Henriette N. , Kittel‐Schneider Sarah , Boreatti‐Hümmer Andrea , Zimmer Michael , Walter Ulrich , Lesch Klaus‐Peter , Mors Ole , Kneitz Susanne , Deckert Jürgen , Reif Andreas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTetraspanins affect protein trafficking and are known to influence a wide variety of physiologic processes. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the tetraspanin gene TSPAN8 were found among the best ranked markers of genome wide association studies on bipolar disorder (BPD) (rs1705236) and type‐2 diabetes, but functional consequences remained largely unknown. In the present study, we examined 13 tagging SNPs covering the TSPAN8 gene, the intronic TSPAN8 SNP rs1705236 as well as two non‐synonymous (ns) SNPs in schizophrenia (SCZ) and BPD samples. In our analysis setting, we were not able to replicate the association of rs1705236 with BPD, nor did we find an association with SCZ. In the TSPAN8 upstream transcriptional control region however, we found rs4500567 to be associated with BPD. In contrast, in SCZ the nsSNP rs3763978 was associated with disease. The significance of both associations withstood conservative Bonferroni correction. In an attempt to link the polymorphisms to functional consequences, we performed an allele‐specific in silico mapping of transcription factor binding sites around rs4500567 and predicted the tolerance of the Gly73Ala exchange caused by rs3763978. The results argue for a differential promoter activity specific for the variant associated with BPD, but impaired protein functionality in SCZ. This suggests that TSPAN8 contributes to both diseases, yet with different underlying mechanisms: regulatory versus structural. Similar phenomena might also occur in other risk genes for both BPD and SCZ, providing a molecular basis for the genetic overlap of both entities. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modification of low‐density polyethylene by graft copolymerization with maleic anhydride and blends with polyamide 6
Authors: Iqbal Mahmood , Chuai Chengzhi , Huang Yan , Che Chinqhao 
Published: January 2010

AbstractModification of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) hyperbranched grafting with a maleic anhydride (MAH) was carried out using corotating twin screw extruder in the presence of benzoyl peroxide. The LDPE/polyamide 6 (PA6) and LDPE‐g‐MAH/PA6 blends were obtained with a corotating twin screw extruder. The melt viscosity of the grafted LDPE was measured by a capillary rheometer. The grafted copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy The effects of variations in temperature, PA6 loading, and benzoyl peroxide and MAH concentration were investigated. The results show that most MAH monomers were grafted onto the LDPE at a lower MAH concentration. With the proper selection of the reaction parameters, we obtained a grafting degree higher than 4.9%. Mechanical test results indicate that the blends had good interfacial adhesion and good stability of the phase structure during heating, which was reflected in the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the results reveal that the tensile strength of the blends increased continuously with increasing PA6 content. Moreover, the home‐synthesized maleated LDPE could be used for the compatibilization of LDPE/PA 6 blends. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Electrical and optical properties of polyaniline with a weblike morphology
Authors: Mallick Kaushik , Witcomb Michael , Erasmus Rudolph , Strydom André 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe report on the preparation method of nanostructured polyaniline (PANI) via the oxidation polymerization of aniline hydrochloride in the presence of an anionic surfactant. Two solvents with different polarities were used for the synthesis of PANI. The polymers were characterized with ultraviolet–visible, infrared, Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The chemical structure derived from the optical characterization techniques and the electrical properties for the two polymers were almost identical. Transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy images revealed the morphological disparity between the PANIs synthesized under different solvent conditions: a microweb of nanofibers versus microtubes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Weibull statistics in electrical aging of polyesterimide under AC voltage
Authors: Nedjar Mohammed , Beroual Abderrahmane 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article is aimed at the investigation of electrical aging of polyesterimide under AC voltage using Weibull statistical analysis. It's shown that the time to breakdown characteristic (V–t) of polyesterimide includes two zones (segments of straight line). The first zone characterizes a statistical dispersion of the intrinsic defects of material. The second zone expresses the real aging of polymer. The variation of the slope of lifetime curve is attributed to the change in the degradation mechanism. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
High‐strength and high‐toughness polyimide nanofibers: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Cheng Chuyun , Chen Juan , Chen Fei , Hu Ping , Wu Xiang‐Fa , Reneker Darrell H. , Hou Haoqing 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHigh‐strength and high‐toughness nanofibers were made from polyimide 6F‐PI through electrospinning. The 6F‐PI had a backbone made up with 3,3′,4, 4′‐biphenyl‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]‐hexafluoro‐propane residues. Electrospun 6F‐PI precursor nanofibers were collected in the form of aligned fiber sheet on the rim of a rotating disc. Heating process converted the precursor fiber sheets to 6F‐PI nanofiber sheets. Gel permeation chromatography and Ostwald Viscometer were used to determine the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution of the 6F‐PI precursor, i.e., the 6F‐polyamic acid. Scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray scattering, tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were employed to characterize the surface morphology, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the 6F‐PI nanofiber sheets. Experimental results show that the nanofibers were well aligned in the sheets with fiber diameters ranging from 50 to 300 nm. The nanofiber sheets were stable to over 450°C, with a glass transition at 265.2°C. The uniaxial tension test showed that the 6F‐PI nanofiber sheets had superior mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strength, modulus, toughness, and elongation to break of the 6F‐PI nanofiber sheets are respectively, 308 ± 14 MPa, 2.08 ± 0.25 GPa, 365 ± 20 MPa, and 202 ± 7%. It is expected that electrospun PI nanofibers with such high toughness and high ultimate tensile strength can find applications in high‐performance textiles and composites, for example. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Influence of steaming pressure on steam explosion pretreatment of Lespedeza stalks (Lespedeza cyrtobotrya). II. Characteristics of degraded lignin
Authors: Wang Kun , Jiang Jian‐Xin , Xu Feng , Sun Run‐Cang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLignin fractions obtained by steam explosion pretreatment and subsequent alkaline ethanol solution post‐treatment from Lespedeza cyrtobotrya stalks were studied in terms of chemical characteristics, to reflect the influence of elevating steam pressure from 15 to 25 kg/m2. Because of the remarkable selectivity with respect to lignin, the post‐treatment with 60% ethanol solution containing 1% NaOH yielded 8.3, 13.0, 16.0, 16.4, and 17.8% lignin fractions from the samples steam‐exploded at 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, and 25 kg/m2 for 4 min, respectively, comparing to 7.7% lignin removal from the raw material. Steam explosion pretreatment, not only obviously cleaved the linkage between carbohydrates and lignin resulting in the significantly decrease of the associated hemicelluloses in lignin fractions, but also broke the β‐O‐4 bond between lignins to some degrees. In particular, slightly more guaiacyl moieties than syringyl units were affected. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The molecular arrangement of Bifenthrin® in ether based polyurethane: Designing a synthetic termite barrier
Authors: Rajendran Sharad , Cribb Bronwen W. , Stewart Aaron , Zalucki Myron , Noller Barry , Truss Rowan W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn ether based polyurethane (EPU) was blended with a synthetic pyrethroid, Bifenthrin®, to produce a material for potential use as a termite barrier for timber structures. FTIR was used to investigate the interaction between the active component and the polymer, whereas distribution of the active was probed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The aromatic end of the Bifenthrin molecule was found to interact with the hard segments of the EPU, whereas the active end of the Bifenthrin® molecule was found to be concentrated at the surface of the blend. The efficacy of the blends was demonstrated to induce high mortality rates when the blend was directly tested against termites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Electrolyte‐based antistatic plasticizer for soft poly(vinyl chloride) composites
Authors: Che Rongsheng , Yang Wanqing , Wang Jiliang , Lei Jingxin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized an aromatic ester plasticizer with ether oxygen bonds called bis[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl]phthalate (BMEP), which could dissociate sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) by a coordination effect between the ether oxygen bond and the Na+ cations. An antistatic plasticizer (AP) for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was then prepared by the mixture of BMEP and NaSCN. The surface resistivity, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness of the PVC composites with AP were studied. The addition of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was favorable for enhancing the conductivity and elongation at break of the PVC composites. The antistatic ability of the PVC composites was slightly sensitive to the relative humidity (RH). The dependence of the surface resistivity of the AP‐plasticized PVC composites on temperature was in good accordance with the Arrhenius equation, and the surface resistivity of the composites effectively decreased about one order of magnitude in the temperature range 40–80°C. The surface resistivity of the antistatic PVC composites containing 40 phr DBP and 60 phr AP reached 108 Ω/sq orders of magnitude at an RH of 0.1%, and the corresponding tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness reached 8.12 MPa, 416%, and 53 A, respectively. Such antistatic PVC composites, therefore, have large potential applications in corresponding antistatic fields, such as the packaging of electrical devices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Biobased composites prepared by compression molding with a novel thermoset resin from soybean oil and a natural‐fiber reinforcement
Authors: Adekunle Kayode , Åkesson Dan , Skrifvars Mikael 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBiobased composites were manufactured with a compression‐molding technique. Novel thermoset resins from soybean oil were used as a matrix, and flax fibers were used as reinforcements. The air‐laid fibers were stacked randomly, the woven fabrics were stacked crosswise (0/90°), and impregnation was performed manually. The fiber/resin ratio was 60 : 40. The prepared biobased composites were characterized by impact and flexural testing. Scanning electron microscopy of knife‐cut cross sections of the specimens was also done to investigate the fiber–matrix interface. Thermogravimetric analysis of the composites was carried out to provide indications of thermal stability. Three resins from soybean oil [methacrylated soybean oil, methacrylic anhydride modified soybean oil (MMSO), and acetic anhydride modified soybean oil] were used as matrices. The impact strength of the composites with MMSO resin reinforced with air‐laid flax fibers was 24 kJ/m2, whereas that of the MMSO resin reinforced with woven flax fabric was between 24 and 29 kJ/m2. The flexural strength of the MMSO resin reinforced with air‐laid flax fibers was between 83 and 118 MPa, and the flexural modulus was between 4 and 6 GPa, whereas the flexural strength of the MMSO resin reinforced with woven fabric was between 90 and 110 MPa, and the flexural modulus was between 4.87 and 6.1 GPa. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Characterization and thermal stability of cellulose‐graft‐polyacryloniytrile prepared by using KMnO4/citric acid redox system
Authors: El‐Khouly A. S. , Takahashi Y. , Takada A. , Safaan A. A. , Kenawy E. , Hafiz Y. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn effective condition of graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto cellulose fiber in large volume of KMnO4/citric acid aqueous solution was examined and the produced grafted copolymers were characterized by using SEM, NMR, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and DSC in comparison with component homopolymers. Graft yield, GY, obtained by simple weighting method was close to the value obtained by NMR analysis. Significant change of chemical structure in cellulose fiber, other than graft reaction, was not detected by NMR and FTIR measurements, whereas a decrease in the degree of crystallinity by the reaction was detected by XRD measurement. It was pointed out that thermograms for grafted samples resembles with that of cellulose at T < 370°C and become similar with that for polyacrylonitrile at T > 370°C and the mass of residue at 550°C is proportional to the content of polyacrylonitrile (GY) only. It is concluded that thermal decomposition of both polymers occurs almost independently in grafted polymers and thermal stability of cellulose fiber is not improved. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Modeling the fabrication process of micropatterned macromolecular scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Sannino A. , Silvestri L. , Madaghiele M. , Harley B. , Yannas I. V. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTubular scaffolds demonstrated to be able to reconnect the proximal and distal stumps of transected peripheral nerves and induce regeneration of the lost nerve trunk. Recently, a spinning technique has been developed, able to produce tubular collagen‐based scaffolds characterized by a radially patterned microporosity. The technique is based on the centrifugal sedimentation of collagen taking place when a cylinder, containing an aqueous collagen suspension, is rotated rapidly around its axis. In this work, the centrifugation process was modeled by means of the Lamm differential equation for collagen concentration, with the assumption that sedimentation and diffusion coefficients were dependent on the local concentration, according to appropriate scaling laws. With such assumptions, the model was able to predict the actual tube formation and its inner radius, in good agreement with the experimental results. The possibility to predict the final scaffold inner diameter as a function of the processing parameters has a fundamental importance for the set up of a precise fabrication method, which does not make use of any complex mold. This would significantly reduce the production complexity and the extent of scaffold manipulation during production, resulting in a cleaner production process and safety of the device. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
ChemInform Abstract: [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of o‐Xylylenes with Imines Using Palladium Catalyst.
Authors: Ueno Satoshi , Ohtsubo Masakazu , Kuwano Ryoichi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct 1,4‐Difunctionalization of Isoquinoline.
Authors: Louerat Frederic , Fort Yves , Mamane Victor 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Analogues: “Pyridine Ring” Analogues of Pemetrexed.
Authors: Xu Yun , Yu Mingfeng , Long Yan , Wu Han , Mao Zhenmin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Condensation Reactions to Form Oxazoline‐Substituted Potassium Organotrifluoroborates.
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Febo‐Ayala Wilma , Jean‐Gerard Ludivine 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structures of New 1,3,6,2‐Dioxazaborocanes Containing Substituents in the Ocane Fragment.
Authors: Lermontova E. Kh. , Huang M. M. , Karlov S. S. , Zubalov M. V. , Churakov A. V. , Neumueller B. , Zaitseva G. S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Corallolides A (I) and B (II): Bioactive Diterpenes Featuring a Novel Carbon Skeleton.
Authors: Ospina Claudia A. , Rodriguez Abimael D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Astaxanthin Dirhamnoside, a New Astaxanthin Derivative Produced by a Radio‐Tolerant Bacterium, Sphingomonas astaxanthinifaciens.
Authors: Asker Dalal , Amano Sho‐ichi , Morita Kaori , Tamura Kazuya , Sakuda Shohei , Kikuchi Naoya , Furihata Kazuo , Matsufuji Hiroshi , Beppu Teruhiko , Ueda Kenji 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.