bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between A1C and Fasting Plasma Glucose in Dysglycemia or Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ramachandran Ambady , Riddle Matthew C. , Kabali Conrad , Gerstein Hertzel C. ,   on behalf of the ORIGIN Investigators
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE
A1C measurement has advantages over measures of plasma glucose. Few studies have evaluated the A1C–fasting plasma glucose (FPG) relationship and whether oral antidiabetes drugs (OADs) and ethnic or geographic variations affect the relationship. Baseline A1C and FPG data from the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial participants were analyzed to 1) elucidate the relationship between A1C and FPG in people with moderate dysglycemia (A1C 5.6–9.0% [38–75 mmol/mol]) and additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, 2) determine whether this relationship is altered by use of an OAD, and 3) study whether geographic and ethnic differences exist.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Analysis was performed of 12,527 participants with dysglycemia or early type 2 diabetes recruited in North America, South America, Europe, Australia, and Asia who comprised white, Latin American, Asian, black, and other ethnicities. The A1C-FPG relationships were analyzed using cubic B spline curves in all participants and in subgroups not using an OAD or using an OAD and comprising persons of different ethnic or geographic origin.

RESULTS
A strong relationship between FPG in the range of 5.6–9.0 mmol/L and the corresponding A1C was seen across different geographic regions and ethnic groups. A smaller increase in A1C per unit increase in FPG occurred for persons taking an OAD versus those not taking an OAD.

CONCLUSIONS
The strong relationship between A1C and FPG in moderate dysglycemia is not significantly affected by ethnic or geographic differences. Use of an OAD alters the relationship and should be considered when interpreting A1C level.
Modulation of Escherichia coli biofilm growth by cell-free spent cultures from lactobacilli
Authors: Vacheva Anna , Georgieva Ralitsa , Danova Svetla , Mihova Radka , Marhova Mariana , Kostadinova Sonia , Vasileva Krasimira , Bivolarska Maria , Stoitsova Stoyanka 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
E. coli biofilms cause serious problems in medical practice by contaminating surfaces and indwelling catheters. Due to the rapid development of antibiotic resistance, alternative approaches to biofilm suppression are needed. This study addresses whether products released by antagonistic bacteria — Lactobacillus isolates from vaginal and dairy-product samples could be useful for controlling E. coli biofilms. The effects of diluted cell-free supernatants (CFS) from late-exponential Lactobacillus cultures on the growth and biofilm production of Escherichia coli were tested. Most of the CFS applied as 10−2 had no impact on bacterial growth, biofilm development however was influenced even by 10−4 of CFS. Initial screening by crystal violet assay showed that biofilm modulation varied between different CFS and E. coli combinations from inhibition to activation; however three of the tested CFS showed consistency in biofilm suppression. This was not due to antibacterial activity since Live/Dead fluorescence labeling showed insignificant differences in the amount of dead cells in control and treated samples. Some E. coli strain-specific mechanisms of response to the three CFS included reduction in hydrophobicity and motility. Released exoploysaccharides isolated from the three CFS stimulated sessile growth, but proteinase K reduced their inhibitory activities implying participation of protein or peptide biofilm suppression factor(s).
Spatial modelling-based approach to phytogeographical regionalization using grassland vegetation data
Authors: Hlásny Tomáš , Turisová Ingrid 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We presented a methodology for drawing continuous boundaries in the landscape differentiating between regions with different floristic composition. A region in Central Slovakia covering 2,445 km2 was investigated. Ecological indicator values for temperature (EIT) in 1,978 grassland polygons were analysed. Ordinary kriging was used to interpolate EIT across the study region. Lattice wombling was used to identify the most intensive gradients in EIT and to draw boundaries, while ANOVA was used for post-classification analysis. A strong pattern of spatial continuity was present in EIT assigned to species in grassland polygons allowing for drawing continuous boundaries in the landscape. The study region was divided into 15 districts using the proposed method. Post-classification analysis indicated that 17 out of 23 adjacent districts were found to differ significantly in term of mean value of source samples. The results implied the need for incorporating spatial autocorrelation in sample data into post-classification analysis; such factor is often neglected in ecological research. The presented findings suggested broader applicability of the proposed method for spatial modelling, as vegetation data is widely accessible in databases for many regions of Europe.
Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed serum proteins in lung cancer
Authors: Bhatnagar Shilpa , Chaudhary Naveen , Malik Shabnam , Katare Deepshikha , Jain Swatantra 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Lung cancer continues to represent a major public health concern with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection of lung cancer is problematic due to a lack of diagnostic markers with high sensitivity and specificity. To determine the differently expressed proteins in the serum of lung cancer and identify the function of such proteins, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to screen the serum of lung cancer model induced by 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). A total of 25 protein spots were qualitatively different and 6 were quantitatively different in the serum from rats bearing induced lung cancer when compared with normal controls. Two of the proteins that showed major changes in concentration in sera were identified to be Immunoglobulin γ 2A chain C region (heavy chain) and Transferrin by LC-MS/MS.
Determinants of Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Diameter during Antiretroviral Therapy Including Protease Inhibitors in HIV-1-Infected Patients
Authors: Bittar Randa , Giral Philippe , Aslangul Elisabeth , Assoumou Lambert , Valantin Marc-Antoine , Kalmykova Olga , Fesel-Fouquier Valérie , Costagliola Dominique , Bonnefont-Rousselot Dominique ,   the ANRS 126 study group
Published: February 2012

Background Lipid disorders are frequent in HIV-1-infected patients taking combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) that includes protease inhibitors (PIs). The presence of small dense low-density lipoprotein particles might be an important predictive marker of cardiovascular disease in this setting. This cross-sectional substudy of the ANRS 126 trial was designed to identify variables influencing LDL diameter. Methods We studied 81 stable HIV-1-infected patients with dyslipidaemia (LDL-cholesterol >4.1 mmol/l, triglycerides <8.8 mmol/l) receiving PI-including cART regimens and no lipid-lowering drugs. LDL diameter was assessed by gradient gel electrophoresis. Relationships between LDL diameter and demographic, metabolic and HIV-related variables were identified by using non-parametric univariate tests and multiple linear regression models. Results In univariate analysis, LDL diameter was related to demographic variables, triglyceride (TG) levels, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels, and the numbers and duration of exposure to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and PIs. In multivariable linear regression analysis, LDL diameter was negatively associated with the TG level ( P<0.0001) and positively associated with the HDL-c level ( P<0.0001). For each 1-mmol/l increase in TG, LDL diameter fell by 0.281 nm. Conversely, for each 1-mmol/l increase in HDL-c, LDL diameter rose by 1.175 nm. Conclusions Higher TG and lower HDL-c levels are associated with smaller LDL particle diameter. Small-diameter LDL particles could contribute to early atherogenic processes in HIV-1-infected patients on cART.
Difference in Morning and Evening Choroidal Thickness in Japanese Subjects With No Chorioretinal Disease
Authors: Toyokawa Noriko , Kimura Hideya , Fukomoto Atsuko , Kuroda Shinichiro 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether the choroidal thickness varies significantly according to the time of measurement in Japanese subjects without chorioretinal diseases.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Twelve eyes of 12 subjects were examined with enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The choroidal thickness was measured in the mornings (9:00 to 9:30 AM) and evenings (7:30 to 8:00 PM) at three locations: the fovea, 1.5 mm temporal to the fovea, and 1.5 mm nasal to the fovea.

RESULTS:

The mean age of the subjects was 62.6 ± 14.5 years. For the morning measurements, the mean choroidal thickness was 308.5 ± 74.4 μm at the fovea, 276.2 ± 84.6 μm temporally, and 239.3 ± 98.4 μm nasally. For the evening measurements, the mean choroidal thickness was 328.8 ± 85.6 μm at the fovea, 284.8 ± 91.6 μm temporally, and 248.9 ± 101.5 μm nasally. The mean subfoveal (
P
< .0001) and nasal (
P
= .03) choroidal thicknesses were significantly thicker in the evenings than in the mornings. There was no significant difference in the mean temporal choroidal thickness (
P
= .08).

CONCLUSION:
The choroidal thickness varies according to the time of measurement.
Downregulation of the Na/K-ATPase Pump by Leptospiral Glycolipoprotein Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Authors: Lacroix-Lamandé Sonia , Fanton d’Andon Martine , Michel Eric , Ratet Gwenn , Philpott Dana J. , Girardin Stephen E. , Boneca Ivo G. , Vandewalle Alain , Werts Catherine 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Leptospira interrogans is responsible for a zoonotic disease known to induce severe kidney dysfunction and inflammation. In this work, we demonstrate that L. interrogans induces NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent secretion of IL-1β through the alteration of potassium transport in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Lysosome destabilization also contributed to the IL-1β production upon stimulation with live, but not dead, bacteria. Using bone marrow-derived macrophages from various TLRs and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-deficient mice, we further determined that IL-1β production was dependent on TLR2 and TLR4, suggesting a participation of the leptospiral LPS to this process. Hypokaliemia in leptospirosis has been linked to the presence of glycolipoprotein, a cell wall component of L. interrogans that is known to inhibit the expression and functions of the Na/K-ATPase pump. We show in this study that glycolipoprotein activates the inflammasome and synergizes with leptospiral LPS to produce IL-1β, mimicking the effect of whole bacteria. These results were confirmed in vivo, as wild-type mice expressed more IL-1β in the kidney than TLR2/4-deficient mice 3 d postinfection with L. interrogans. Collectively, these findings provide the first characterization, to our knowledge, of bacteria-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through the downregulation of a specific host potassium transporter.
Stromal TIMP3 Regulates Liver Lymphocyte Populations and Provides Protection against Th1 T Cell-Driven Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Murthy Aditya , Shao Yang Washington , Defamie Virginie , Wedeles Christopher , Smookler David , Khokha Rama 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Lymphocyte infiltration into epithelial tissues and proinflammatory cytokine release are key steps in autoimmune disease. Although cell-autonomous roles of lymphocytes are well studied in autoimmunity, much less is understood about the stromal factors that dictate immune cell function. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3) controls systemic cytokine bioavailability and signaling by inhibiting the ectodomain shedding of cytokines and their receptors. The role of TIMP3 in cytokine biology is emerging; however, its contribution to cellular immunology remains unknown. In this study, we show that TIMP3 produced by the hepatic stroma regulates the basal lymphocyte populations in the liver and prevents autoimmune hepatitis. TIMP3 deficiency in mice led to spontaneous accumulation and activation of hepatic CD4+, CD8+, and NKT cells. Treatment with Con A in a model of polyclonal T lymphocyte activation resulted in a greatly enhanced Th1 cytokine response and acute liver failure, which mechanistically depended on TNF signaling. Bone marrow chimeras demonstrated that TIMP3 derived from the stromal rather than hematopoietic compartment provided protection against autoimmunity. Finally, we identified hepatocytes as the major source of Timp3 in a resting liver, whereas significant Timp3 gene transcription was induced by hepatic stellate cells in the inflamed liver. These results uncover metalloproteinase inhibitors as critical stromal factors in regulating cellular immunity during autoimmune hepatitis.
Analysis of NLRP3 in the Development of Allergic Airway Disease in Mice
Authors: Allen Irving C. , Jania Corey M. , Wilson Justin E. , Tekeppe Erin M. , Hua Xiaoyang , Brickey Willie J. , Kwan Mildred , Koller Beverly H. , Tilley Stephen L. , Ting Jenny P.-Y. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The contribution of NLRP3, a member of the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat–containing (NLR) family, to the development of allergic airway disease is currently controversial. In this study, we used multiple allergic asthma models to examine the physiologic role of NLRP3. We found no significant differences in airway eosinophilia, histopathologic condition, mucus production, and airway hyperresponsiveness between wild-type and Nlrp3−/− mice in either acute (alum-dependent) or chronic (alum-independent) OVA models. In addition to the OVA model, we did not detect a role for NLRP3 in the development of allergic airway disease induced by either acute or chronic house dust mite Ag exposure. Although we did not observe significant phenotypic differences in any of the models tested, we did note a significant reduction of IL-13 and IL-33 in Nlrp3−/− mice compared with wild-type controls in the chronic OVA model without added alum. In all of the allergic airway disease models, the NLRP3 inflammasome-associated cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in the lung were below the level of detection. In sum, this report surveyed four different allergic asthma models and found a modest and selected role for NLRP3 in the alum-free OVA model. However, this difference did not greatly alter the clinical outcome of the disease. This finding suggests that the role of NLRP3 in allergic asthma must be re-evaluated.
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Tripartite Motif 38 Negatively Regulates TLR-Mediated Immune Responses by Proteasomal Degradation of TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 in Macrophages
Authors: Zhao Wei , Wang Lijuan , Zhang Meng , Yuan Chao , Gao Chengjiang 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Activation of TLR signaling in the innate immune cells is critical for the elimination of invading microorganisms. However, uncontrolled activation may lead to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this article, we report the identification of tripartite motif (TRIM) 38 as a negative feedback regulator in TLR signaling by targeting TNFR-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). TRIM38 was induced by TLR stimulation in an NF-κB–dependent manner in macrophages. Knockdown of TRIM38 expression by small interfering RNA resulted in augmented activation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, whereas overexpression of TRIM38 has an opposite effect. As an E3 ligase, TRIM38 bound to TRAF6 and promoted K48-linked polyubiquitination, which led to the proteasomal degradation of TRAF6. Consistently, knockdown of TRIM38 expression resulted in higher protein level of TRAF6 in primary macrophages. Our findings defined a novel function for TRIM38 to prevent excessive TLR-induced inflammatory responses through proteasomal degradation of TRAF6.
The responses to nursing care in cardiac surgery
Authors: Cavalcanti Ana Carla Dantas , Coelho Maria José 
Published: February 2012

Objetivo: Identificar os tipos de comunicação interpessoal; descrever as reações do cliente em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca ao cuidado de enfermagem e analisar a especificidade deste. Métodos:Trata-se de pesquisa etnometodológica, que utilizou observação sistemática, entrevista não-estruturada, fotografia, filmagem e diário de campo, respeitando-se os aspectos éticos. Os dados foram organizados e codificados para análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os tipos de comunicação interpessoal identificados foram às características físicas do cliente, os fatores do meio ambiente da cirurgia cardíaca, a proxemia, a cinésica, a comunicação verbal, a tacêsica, os ruídos e a paralinguagem. Houve predominância das reações expressas na cabeça e pescoço. A análise das reações decifrou emoções de surpresa, medo, dor, tristeza e felicidade. Conclusão: A cinésica representou a linguagem do cliente destacando a importância da atenção dos profissionais da enfermagem para esta forma de comunicação não-verbal. Descritores: Enfermagem; Cuidados de enfermagem; Comunicação; Cirurgia cardíaca.
The elderly person with a self-care deficit at home and the implications for the relative caregiver
Authors: Aguiar Ricardo Saraiva 
Published: February 2012

RESUMOObjetivo: identificar as principais implicações para o cuidador familiar do fato de o idoso apresentar déficit de autocuidado. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura realizada em livros e bases de dados (LILACS, BDENF e SciELO), utilizando os seguintes descritores: cuidadores; idoso; saúde do idoso; e enfermagem geriátrica. Foram selecionadas 13 produções científicas brasileiras, de 2000 a 2010, que versavam sobre o objeto do estudo. Resultados: prevaleceram as publicações do ano de 2008 (38,4%). As publicações foram agrupadas nos seguintes temas: o cuidador familiar; cuidados em domicílio; a enfermagem no cuidado domiciliar; e principais implicações para o cuidador familiar. Conclusão: foi verificado que os cuidadores familiares de idosos com déficit de autocuidado estão sujeitos a diversos efeitos negativos em sua saúde, como: dores lombares; doenças psiquiátricas; artrite; doenças somáticas; isolamento social; entre outros. Com isso, torna-se necessário que a saúde do cuidador familiar também seja priorizada no planejamento da assistência domiciliar, para que os possíveis efeitos negativos de sua assistência sejam minimizados ao máximo. Descritores: cuidadores; idoso; saúde do idoso; enfermagem geriátrica.
Noise‐Assisted Crystallization of Opal Films
Authors: Khunsin Worawut , Amann Andreas , Kocher‐Oberlehner Gudrun , Romanov Sergei G. , Pullteap Saroj , Seat Han Cheng , O'Reilly Eoin P. , Zentel Rudolf , Sotomayor Torres Clivia M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAn improvement of the crystal quality of opal films self‐assembled from polymer spheres in a moving meniscus using the agitation by white noise acoustic vibrations is demonstrated. A tenfold higher ordering of a hexagonal sphere packing in the (111) plane is achieved. This crystallization method, the mechanism of which is described in terms of the stochastic resonance, is a contrast to the widely used approach based on maintaining equilibrium conditions during the crystallization process. The precise quantification of the incremental lattice order improvement as a function of acoustic noise intensity is achieved by calculating the probability of finding an opposite partner for each sphere in the lattice. This method is examined against conventional and established techniques such as Fourier transforms and translational and bond‐orientational correlation functions, and its advantages are demonstrated. Rotational symmetry analysis of diffraction resonances in measured and calculated optical transmission spectra as a function of the azimuth lattice orientation are carried out to confirm that the surface ordering translates into the bulk ordering of high index crystal planes, which are most sensitive to disorder.
Efficient Iron‐Catalyzed Direct β‐Alkylation of Secondary Alcohols with Primary Alcohols
Authors: Yang Jian , Liu Xin , Meng Da‐Li , Chen Hong‐Yan , Zong Zhi‐Hui , Feng Ting‐Ting , Sun Kai 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe efficient iron‐catalyzed direct β‐alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols is described. In the presence of the commercially available iron catalyst (ferrocenecarboxaldehyde, 1b) and a catalytic amount of base, the reactions give β‐alkylated higher alcohols in high yields in the absence of any sacrificial agents (hydrogen acceptors or hydrogen donors) and nitrogen or phosphorus ligands. For the first time, iron is employed as an inexpensive and environmentally benign alternative with high atom efficiency to noble metal‐based catalysts in this type of reaction.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Dipolar [3+2] Cycloadditions of Acetylenic Aldehydes with Nitrones for the Formation of Chiral 4‐Isoxazolines
Authors: Cai Xianrong , Wang Chao , Sun Jian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe first organocatalytic enantioselective protocol has been developed for the dipolar [3+2] cycloaddition between acetylenic aldehydes and nitrones through an iminium activation pathway. This protocol uses L‐α,α‐bis(3,5‐ditrifluoromethylphenyl)prolinol as catalyst and 3,5‐dinitrobenzoic acid as additive and is friendly for one‐pot operation for the nitrone formation and the subsequent cycloaddition. It also exhibits a broad substrate scope and allows for the highly efficient production of chiral 4‐isoxazolines with various substituents under mild conditions in high yields (68–92%) with high enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee).
Facile Synthesis of New Cationic Triphenylphosphine Derivatives and their Use for Propene Dimerization Reactions in Buffered Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Dötterl Matthias , Thoma Peter , Alt Helmut G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe describe the facile synthesis of new, cationic triphenylphosphine derivatives containing para‐trimethylammonium substituents. The ionic phosphines were successfully employed in nickel‐catalyzed propene dimerization reactions in highly Lewis acidic chloroaluminate ionic liquids. Buffering of such liquids is achieved by an interaction of the Lewis basic phosphine with the Lewis acidic aluminum centers. The PAl interaction of triarylphosphines and tri‐tert‐butylphosphine with the highly acidic ionic liquid [1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium]+ [Al2Cl7]− was monitored by 31P and 27Al NMR spectroscopy. Coupling of tri‐tert‐butylphosphine with 27Al resulted in an expected but unusual sextet in the 31P NMR spectrum and a doublet in the 27Al NMR spectrum.