bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Backwaters in the Upper Reaches of Reservoirs Produce High Densities of Age-0 Crappies
Authors: Dagel Jonah D. , Miranda L. E. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Reservoir backwaters are aquatic habitats in floodplains of reservoir tributaries that are permanently or periodically flooded by the reservoir. Like many reservoir arms, backwaters are commonly shallow, littoral habitats, but they differ from arms in various respects, including their support of primarily wetland plant assemblages that are tolerant to flooding. Elsewhere, the reservoir floods mainly upland plants that are less tolerant to flooding, producing a band of barren shoreline along the fluctuation zone. We investigated differences in relative abundance of age-0 crappies Pomoxis spp. in backwaters and arms of widely fluctuating flood control reservoirs, examined the effect of water level, and estimated the likelihood and timing with which these habitats are flooded annually. Higher catch rates of age-0 crappies were obtained in backwater habitats than in arm habitats. When inundated during the crappie spawning season, backwaters provided vegetated habitat at lower water levels than arms. Backwaters flooded earlier than arms and remained flooded longer to provide prolonged nursery habitat. Whereas vegetated habitat was inundated almost yearly in backwaters and arms, inundation that was timed to the onset of spawning occurred less regularly. Because of differences in water elevation, vegetated habitats were flooded in time for crappie spawning about every other year in backwaters but only every third year in arms. Recruitment of age-0 crappies was inversely correlated with high water levels during the months preceding the spawning period, perhaps because early flooding degraded the vegetation. Our results suggest that water levels may be managed during late winter and spring to regularly flood wetland vegetation communities in backwaters; however, water levels should be maintained at or below normal pool and should only irregularly flood upland vegetation in reservoir arms to promote the preservation of such vegetation. Furthermore, management efforts to enhance crappie recruitment should consider the enhancement and preservation of backwaters.
Received June 15, 2011; accepted February 7, 2012
Observations of Hatchery-Reared Rio Grande Silvery Minnow Using a Fishway
Authors: Archdeacon Thomas P. , Remshardt W. Jason 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
We designed a study to determine if Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus, an endangered species, would use an instream, rock channel fishway on the Rio Grande near Albuquerque, New Mexico. We implanted 6,657 Rio Grande silvery minnow with passive integrated transponders and used a passive scanning station with two antennas located within the fishway to document movements from seven release locations, up to 19.7 km upstream and 13.5 km downstream of the diversion dam. Between 11 March and 21 August 2011, 243 individuals were detected (3.7% of all fish released), with 74.1% fish being detected from upstream release sites and 25.9% from downstream release sites. We determined 14 Rio Grande silvery minnow successfully ascended the fishway, and an additional 20 fish from downstream release locations were detected on the upstream antenna only, inferring passage. We conclude Rio Grande silvery minnow can use appropriately constructed fishways.
Received October 17, 2011; accepted March 21, 2012
A force for good? Markets, cellars and labour in the South African wine industry after apartheid
Authors: Ewert Joachim 
                      Winfried 
Published: July 2012

This paper argues that on balance, deregulation and the exposure to overseas markets has been beneficial to the South African wine industry, resulting in strong growth, increased employment and much improved international competitiveness. However, the paper also draws attention to the fact that not everybody has benefited in equal measure from the process of upgrading, modernisation and internationalisation. Since the start of the transition in the mid 1990s, a number of growers have left the industry and for many workers employment has become less secure.
[Une dynamique pour le bien? Les marchès, les caves et la main-d'œuvre dans l'industrie du vin sud-africain aprés l'apartheid]. Cet article soutient que dans l'ensemble, la déréglementation et l'ouverture aux marchés d'outre-mer ont été bénéfiques pour l'industrie du vin sud africain, ce qui a entrainé une forte croissance, favorisé l'augmentation de l'emploi et une compétitivité internationale bien améliorée. Toutefois, le document attire également l'attention sur le fait que tout le monde n'a pas à part égale profité de ce processus d'amélioration, de modernisation et d'internationalisation. Depuis le début de la transition au milieu des années 1990, un certain nombre de producteurs ont quitté l'industrie car pour de nombreux actifs, le monde du travail était devenu moins certain.

Mots-clés : les marchès ; le vin ; l'Afrique du Sud
Weber meets Godzilla: social networks and the spirit of capitalism in East Asia and Africa
Authors: Meagher Kate 
Published: July 2012

This paper explores the cultural foundations of contemporary network capitalism in East Asia, and its implications for African enterprise development. It considers how neo-Weberian perspectives on the cultural determinants of East Asian network success have served to validate intensified processes of labour exploitation while glossing over the role of the state in making networks work for development. It is argued that the ideology of the Confucian ethic draws on notions of social solidarity to normalise the use of unfree labour in capitalist accumulation strategies, while concealing the critical role of the state in mobilising society around cultural values and socialising risk to diffuse potentially disruptive social tensions. The obfuscation of these processes in cultural analyses of Asian network success has cast the poor performance of African enterprise networks as a product of cultural dysfunction, obscuring underlying processes of state withdrawal and policy failure. The problems arising from Chinese business networks in Africa bring out the contradictions of cultural interpretations of network dynamism.[Weber rencontre Godzilla : les réseaux sociaux et l'esprit du capitalisme en Asie de l'Est et en Afrique]. Cet article explore les fondements culturels du réseau du capitalisme contemporain en Asie de l'Est et ses implications pour le développement des entreprises en Afrique. Il considère la manière dont les perspectives néo-wébériennes sur les déterminants culturels de la réussite du réseau de l'Asie de l'Est ont servi à valider les processus intensifiés de l'exploitation du marché du travail tout en passant sous silence le rôle de l'État en faisant en sorte que les réseaux puissent œuvrer pour le développement. Il est soutenu que l'idéologie de l'étique confucéenne s'appuie sur les notions de solidarité sociale afin de normaliser l'utilisation du travail non libre dans les stratégies de l'accumulation capitaliste, tout en dissimulant le rôle déterminant de l'État dans la mobilisation de la société autour des valeurs culturelles et la banalisation du risque susceptible de provoquer des tensions sociales potentielles et perturbatrices. L'occultation de ces processus dans les analyses culturelles de la réussite du réseau asiatique a mis en lumière la mauvaise performance des réseaux d'entreprises africaines en tant que produit d'un dysfonctionnement culturel, occultant les processus souterrains de désengagement de l'État et l'échec des dispositions. Les problèmes émergeant des réseaux d'entreprises chinoises en Afrique mettent en évidence les contradictions d'interprétations culturelles de la dynamique de réseau.Mots-clés: les réseaux sociaux; le capitalisme; l'Asie de l'Est; l'Afrique
Worker agency in colonial, apartheid and post-apartheid gold mining workplace regimes
Authors: Phakathi Timothy 
                      Sizwe 
Published: July 2012

This paper locates the understanding of the organisation of work and worker agency on South African gold mines within the context of the racialisation and deracialisation of the economic and labour market strategies of the colonial, apartheid and post-apartheid mining regimes. It argues that as much as racial and coercive labour practices profited the gold mining companies, they were not sustainable. The mineworkers were not passive acceptors of racial and coercive forms of labour control. The post-apartheid work order led to the restructuring of the gold mining workplace towards efficiency, productivity and equity. This signalled a shift from worker coercion to consent in the day-to-day running of the production process inside the pit. The paper calls attention to workers' subjective orientation, agency and resilience to repressive and contemporary work structures – not just as recipients but also as shapers of such work structures within the politics, limits and contradictions of capitalist production systems.
[Agence de travailleur sous la période coloniale, dans le cadre des activités aurifères pendant et après l'apartheid]. Ce document éclaire sur la compréhension de l'organisation du travail et de l'agence du travailleur des mines d'or sud-africaines dans le contexte de la ségrégation raciale et celui de la non-ségrégation raciale des stratégies économiques et du marché du travail des époques coloniale, d'apartheid et des régimes miniers après l'ère de l'apartheid. Il fait valoir que, au temps où la race et les pratiques de travail forcé profitaient aux compagnies minières d'or, elles n'étaient pas durables. Les mineurs n'étaient pas des accepteurs passifs face aux aspects liés à la race et à la contrainte en rapport au contrôle de la main d'œuvre. L'ordre sur le travail qui intervint après la période de l'apartheid a conduit à la restructuration du travail des mines d'or vers l'efficacité, la productivité et l'équité. Ce fut un signal pour un changement partant de la coercition des travailleurs à consentir dans la foulée et au jour le jour, à un processus de production à l'intérieur même de la fosse. Le document attire l'attention des travailleurs sur l'orientation subjective, l'agence et la flexibilité par rapport aux structures de travail contemporaines et répressives – et pas seulement en tant que bénéficiaires mais aussi comme innovateurs de telles structures au sein de la sphère politique, les limites et les contradictions des systèmes de production capitaliste.

Mots-clés: l'apartheid; la démocratie; l'exploitation des mines d'or; le marché du travail; les travailleurs; l'Afrique du Sud
Atomic interface structure of bixbyite rare-earth sesquioxides grown epitaxially on Si(1 1 1)
Authors: Niehle Michael , Trampert Achim 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is applied to thin crystalline films of (Gd1−x
Lu
x
)2O3 and (La1−x
Lu
x
)2O3 on Si(1 1 1). Electron micrographs confirm that an atomically smooth and chemically abrupt interface of epitaxially grown rare-earth thin films is feasible. This work demonstrates an unambiguous recognition of cubic bixbyite, which is the common cubic phase of rare-earth sesquioxides at room temperature except for the light lanthanoids. This serves as prerequisite to analyse the atomic configuration of the cubic oxide lattice at the interface to the Si(1 1 1) surface. Two new configurations which have not been considered yet, are proposed and proved by comparison of experimental HRTEM images and contrast simulations.
Dreamlet source‐receiver survey sinking prestack depth migration
Authors: Wu Bangyu , Wu Ru‐shan , Gao Jinghuai 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTSurvey sinking migration downward continues the entire surface observed multi‐shot data to the subsurface step by step recursively. Reflected energy from reflectors at current depth appear at zero time and zero offset in the extrapolated wavefield. The data (seismic records) of t > 0 at this depth are equivalent to the data acquired by a survey system deployed at this depth. This is the reason to name the process ‘survey sinking’. The records of negative time need not to be further propagated since they carry no information to image structures beneath the new survey system. In this paper, we combine survey sinking with dreamlet migration. The dreamlet migration method decomposes the seismic wavefield and one‐way wave propagator by complete time‐space localized bases. The localization on time gives flexibility on time‐varying operations during depth extrapolation. In dreamlet survey sinking migration, it only keeps the data for imaging the structures beneath the sunk survey system and gets rid of the data already used to image structures above it. The deeper the depth is, the shorter is the valid time records of the remaining data and less computation is needed for one depth step continuation. For data decomposition, in addition to time axis, dreamlet survey sinking also decomposes the data for source and receiver gathers, which is a fully localized decomposition of prestack seismic data. A three‐scatter model is first used to demonstrate the computational feature and principle of this method. Tests on the two‐dimensional SEG/EAGE salt model show that with reduced data sets the proposed method can still obtain good imaging quality on complex geology structures and a strong velocity contrast environment.
Persistence of complex vascular lesions despite prolonged prostacyclin therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Pogoriler Jennifer E , Rich Stuart , Archer Stephen L , Husain Aliya N 
Published: July 2012

Pogoriler J E, Rich S, Archer S L & Husain A N  (2012) Histopathology 61, 597–609Persistence of complex vascular lesions despite prolonged prostacyclin therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertensionAims:  Continuous infusion of prostacyclin analogues improves survival in advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension. In addition to its vasodilatory effects, prostacyclin has the potential to decrease inflammation, thrombosis, and smooth muscle proliferation. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether pathological data support the ability of prostanoids to prevent progression of vascular disease.Methods and results:  Twenty‐two autopsied patients with World Health Organization category 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (primarily idiopathic and connective tissue disease‐associated) were divided into those who received long‐term prostacyclin (n = 12, PG‐long, mean treatment 3.9 years) and those who received 0–1 month of prostacyclin (n = 10, PG‐short). Surprisingly, PG‐long patients had larger plexiform lesions (P < 0.05), with no decrease in medial and intimal thicknesses as compared with PG‐short patients. Plexiform lesion size and density increased with increasing treatment time. Also, PG‐long patients had fewer platelet thrombi and more frequent acute diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. Quantification of macrophages and T cells revealed no differences in inflammatory infiltrates.Conclusions:  Although long‐term prostacyclin therapy may have an antithrombotic effect in addition to its vasodilatory actions, it was not associated with the prevention of advanced vascular lesions. The mechanism by which prostacyclin analogues improve survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension remains uncertain.
Loss in CD4 T‐cell responses to multiple epitopes in influenza due to expression of one additional MHC class II molecule in the host
Authors: Nayak Jennifer L. , Sant Andrea J. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryAn understanding of factors controlling CD4 T‐cell immunodominance is needed to pursue CD4 T‐cell epitope‐driven vaccine design, yet our understanding of this in humans is limited by the complexity of potential MHC class II molecule expression. In the studies described here, we took advantage of genetically restricted, well‐defined mouse strains to better understand the effect of increasing MHC class II molecule diversity on the CD4 T‐cell repertoire and the resulting anti‐influenza immunodominance hierarchy. Interferon‐γ ELISPOT assays were implemented to directly quantify CD4 T‐cell responses to I‐Ab and I‐As restricted peptide epitopes following primary influenza virus infection in parental and F1 hybrid strains. We found striking and asymmetric declines in the magnitude of many peptide‐specific responses in F1 animals. These declines could not be accounted for by the lower surface density of MHC class II on the cell or by antigen‐presenting cells failing to stimulate T cells with lower avidity T‐cell receptors. Given the large diversity of MHC class II expressed in humans, these findings have important implications for the rational design of peptide‐based vaccines that are based on the premise that CD4 T‐cell epitope specificity can be predicted by a simple cataloguing of an individual’s MHC class II genotype.
Perceived treatment group affects behavioral and neural responses to visceral pain in a deceptive placebo study
Authors: Kotsis V. , Benson S. , Bingel U. , Forsting M. , Schedlowski M. , Gizewski E. R. , Elsenbruch S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground  To assess effects of perceived treatment (i.e. drug vs placebo) on behavioral and neural responses to rectal pain stimuli delivered in a deceptive placebo condition.Methods  This fMRI study analyzed the behavioral and neural responses during expectation‐mediated placebo analgesia in a rectal pain model. In N = 36 healthy subjects, the blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) response during cued anticipation and painful stimulation was measured after participants were informed that they had a 50% chance of receiving either a potent analgesic drug or an inert substance (i.e., double‐blind administration). In reality, all received placebo. We compared responses in subjects who retrospectively indicated that they received the drug and those who believed to have received placebo.Key Results  55.6% (N = 20) of subjects believed that they had received a placebo, whereas 36.1% (N = 13) believed that they had received a potent analgesic drug. Subjects who were uncertain (8.3%, N = 3) were excluded. Rectal pain‐induced discomfort was significantly lower in the perceived drug treatment group (P < 0.05), along with significantly reduced activation of the insular, the posterior and anterior cingulate cortices during pain anticipation, and of the anterior cingulate cortex during pain (all P < 0.05 in regions‐of‐interest analyses).Conclusions & Inferences  Perceived treatment constitutes an important aspect in placebo analgesia. A more refined understanding of individual treatment expectations and perceived treatment allocation has multiple implications for the design and interpretation of clinical trials and experimental studies on placebo and nocebo effects.
Using Mixture Models with Linear Predictors to Identify Incorrect Gestational Age in State Birth Records
Authors: Leiss Jack K. , Suchindran C. M. , Kruse Lakota 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground:  Birthweight distributions for early last‐menstrual‐period‐based gestational ages are bimodal, and some birthweights in the right‐side distribution are implausible for the specified gestational age. Mixture models can be used to identify births in the right‐side distribution. The objective of this study was to determine which maternal and infant factors to include in the mixture models to obtain the best fitting models for New Jersey state birth records.Methods:  We included covariates in the models as linear predictors of the means of the component distributions and the proportion of births in each component. This allowed both the means and the proportions to vary across levels of the covariates.Results:  The final model included maternal age and timing of entry into prenatal care. The proportion of births in the right‐side distribution was lowest for older mothers who entered prenatal care early, higher for teen mothers who entered prenatal care early, higher still for older mothers who entered prenatal care late, and highest for teens who entered prenatal care late. Over 44% of births were classified as incorrect reported gestational age.Conclusion:  These results suggest that (1) including these two covariates as linear predictors of the means and mixing proportions gives the best model for identifying births with incorrect reported gestational age, (2) late entry into prenatal care is a mechanism by which erroneously short last‐menstrual‐period‐based gestational ages are generated, and (3) including linear predictors of the mixing proportions in the model increases the validity of the classification of incorrect reported gestational age.
Extended‐release naltrexone modulates brain response to drug cues in abstinent heroin‐dependent patients
Authors: Langleben Daniel D. , Ruparel Kosha , Elman Igor , Loughead James W. , Busch Elliot L. , Cornish James , Lynch Kevin G. , Nuwayser Elie S. , Childress Anna R. , O'Brien Charles P. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTDrug cues play an important role in relapse to drug use. Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist that is used to prevent relapse in opioid dependence. Central opioidergic pathways may be implicated in the heightened drug cue‐reactivity, but the effects of the opioid receptors' blockade on the brain responses to drug cues in opioid dependence are unknown. To pursue this question, we studied 17 abstinent i.v. heroin users with brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during exposure to visual heroin‐related cues and matched neutral images before and 10–14 days after an injection of extended‐release naltrexone (XRNTX). Whole brain analysis of variance of fMRI data showed main effect of XRNTX in the medial frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, cuneus, precuneus, caudate and the amygdala. fMRI response was decreased in the amygdala, cuneus, caudate and the precentral gyrus and increased in the medial frontal gyrus and the precuneus. Higher plasma levels of naltrexone's major metabolite, 6‐beta‐naltrexol, were associated with larger reduction in the fMRI response to drug cues after XRNTX in the precentral, caudate and amygdala clusters. The present data suggest that XRNTX pharmacotherapy of opioid‐dependent patients may, respectively, decrease and potentiate prefrontal and limbic cortical responses to drug cues and that this effect might be related to the XRNTX metabolism. Our findings call for further evaluation of the brain fMRI response to drug‐related cues and of the 6‐beta‐naltrexol levels as potential biomarkers of XRNTX therapeutic effects in patients with opioid dependence.