bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology of the female reproductive system of European pea crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae)
Authors: Becker Carola , Brandis Dirk , Storch Volker 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCommensal pea crabs inhabiting bivalves have a high reproductive output due to the extension andfecundity of the ovary. We studied the underlying morphology of the female reproductive system in the Pinnotheridae Pinnotheres pisum, Pinnotheres pectunculi and Nepinnotheres pinnotheres using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Eubrachyura have internal fertilization: the paired vaginas enlarge into storage structures, the spermathecae, which are connected to the ovaries by oviducts. Sperm is stored inside the spermathecae until the oocytes are mature. The oocytes are transported by oviducts into the spermathecae where fertilization takes place. In the investigated pinnotherids, the vagina is of the “concave pattern” (sensu Hartnoll1968): musculature is attached alongside flexible parts of the vagina wall that controls the dimension of its lumen. The genital opening is closed by a muscular mobile operculum. The spermatheca can be divided into two distinct regions by function and morphology. The ventral part includes the connection with vagina and oviduct and is regarded as the zone where fertilization takes place. It is lined with cuticle except where the oviduct enters the spermatheca by the “holocrine transfer tissue.” At ovulation, the oocytes have to pass through this multilayered glandular epithelium performing holocrine secretion. The dorsal part of the spermatheca is considered as the main sperm storage area. It is lined by a highly secretory apocrine glandular epithelium. Thus, two different forms of secretion occur in the spermathecae of pinnotherids. The definite role of secretion in sperm storage and fertilization is not yet resolved, but it is notable that structure and function of spermathecal secretion are more complex in pinnotherids, and probably more efficient, than in other brachyuran crabs. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tomlinson Claire L. , Stowe Rebecca , Patel Smitaa , Rick Caroline , Gray Richard , Clarke Carl E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractInterpretation of clinical trials comparing different drug regimens for Parkinson's disease (PD) is complicated by the different dose intensities used: higher doses of levodopa and, possibly, other drugs produce better symptomatic control but more late complications. To address this problem, conversion factors have been calculated for antiparkinsonian drugs that yield a total daily levodopa equivalent dose (LED). LED estimates vary, so we undertook a systematic review of studies reporting LEDs to provide standardized formulae. Electronic database and hand searching of references identified 56 primary reports of LED estimates. Data were extracted and the mean and modal LEDs calculated. This yielded a standardized LED for each drug, providing a useful tool to express dose intensity of different antiparkinsonian drug regimens on a single scale. Using these conversion formulae to report LEDs would improve the consistency of reporting and assist the interpretation of clinical trials comparing different PD medications. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
The use of Fogs' test to assess associated movements in Parkinsonism, dystonia, and controls
Authors: Tuck Keiran K. , Yeow Tow Chan , Morris John G.L. , Baker Fran , Fung Victor S.C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Fogs' test elicits non‐homologous associated movements which reflect underlying pathology or immaturity of the CNS, but has not been thoroughly studied. We filmed participants performing a modified Fogs' test and developed a reliable scoring system for the associated movements. We assessed scores in healthy controls of all ages and compared scores in dystonia and parkinsonism to age similar controls. Associated movements were marked in children, lessened as they matured into adults, and then increased in old age. Associated movements were marked in dystonia but not in parkinsonism. Our scoring system showed robust inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability. The Fogs' test is a reliable addition to the clinical examination that can be used to screen for both normal and abnormal neurological status. We suggest a potential neural pathway via cervical‐lumbosacral connections within the spinal cord which are modulated by propriospinal and cerebral input. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Thermal decomposition study of poly(methyl methacrylate)/carbon nanofiller composites
Authors: Pozdnyakov A.O. , Handge U.A. , Konchits A. , Altstädt V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis work compares the thermal degradation kinetics of neat atactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (a‐PMMA), and its composites with fullerene C60 and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) as revealed by thermal desorption mass‐spectrometry (TDMS), and thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA). TDMS suggests the decrease of thermal stability of PMMA‐C60 composite compared to neat PMMA. This result is supported by the increased rate of defect formation in the composite as revealed by the electronic paramagnetic resonance, EPR, technique. On the other hand, TGA shows an increase of thermal degradation temperatures for composite compared to those of neat a‐PMMA. The discrepancies between TDMS and TGA data are discussed taking into account the difference of the experimental conditions of the two approaches, i.e. the size of the sample. The parameters which need to be thoroughly controlled in thermal degradation kinetic studies are outlined. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting the immune system to cancer
Authors: Levitzki Alexander , Shir Alexei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHuman cancers represent heterogeneous populations of cells whose genomes constantly change , so targeted therapies must be aimed at continuously changing networks. To overcome this difficulty a most promising strategy has been developed, which involves using a ligand‐guided vector carrying a double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) such as poly‐inosine/cytosine, or polyIC. Upon ligand‐induced receptor internalization, polyIC triggers the production of cytokines as well as chemokines, which in turn attract immune cells to the tumor. In mice, an EGFR targeted vector carrying polyIC, eradicates tumors that over express the EGF‐receptor using either local or systemic application. The treatment also eliminates mixed tumors, in which about half of the cells over express EGFR and the other half carry a truncated version of the receptor. This “bystander effect” is mediated by polyIC‐induced cytokines generated by the tumor. Immune cells that accumulate in the tumor also produce pro‐apoptotic cytokines. Reconstituting the immune system of SCID mice with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells immediately after treatment keeps the mice alive and cancer‐free for more than a year. This strategy could be utilized to treat any cancer with a significant population of cells that overexpress a protein that can be induced to internalize by a ligand. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ornithoctonus huwenna spider silk protein attenuating diameter and enhancing strength of the electrospun PLLA fiber
Authors: Zhang Min , Yi Ting‐ting , Zhang Ye‐mei , Zhang Lu , Wu Wei , Zhang Ai‐li , Pan Zhi‐juan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSpider silk and poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA) are both good bio‐medical materials. PLLA/spidroin composite nano‐fibers were obtained by electrospinning with the mixed solution of Ornithoctonus huwenna spider silk/1,1,1,3,3,3,‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) and PLLA/HFIP. The morphology, molecular conformations, crystallinity degree and mechanical property of the electrospun fibers were investigated by means of SEM, FT‐IR, XRD, and tensile test. The results indicated that spider silk protein attenuated the fiber diameter and enhanced the mechanical property of the electrospun PLLA fibers. The diameter of electrospun PLLA fibers were micron level (>500 nm), while with the addition of spider silk protein, the diameter of the PLLA/spidroin composite fibers decreased significantly, reaching nano‐scale (<500 nm), and the diameter of the composite fibers displayed a bipolar distribution of coarse fibers (>300 nm) and fine fibers (<300 nm). The FT‐IR and XRD analysis showed that the blend nano‐fibers had higher crystallinity, and a phase separation occurred. The mechanical property of the electrospun fiber mat was improved by adding a certain amount of spider silk protein in the PLLA/HFIP solution. When the mass fraction of the spider silk protein was 4%, the breaking strength of the electrospun PLLA/spidroin composite nano‐fiber mat was 112% of pure PLLA micro‐fiber mat's. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted array comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH) identifies genomic imbalances associated with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
Authors: Srisupundit Kasemsri , Brady Paul D. , Devriendt Koenraad , Fryns Jean‐Pierre , Cruz‐Martinez Rogelio , Gratacos Eduard , Deprest Jan A. , Vermeesch Joris R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a congenital birth defect affecting around 1/3000 births. We propose that a significant number of isolated CDH cases have an underlying genetic cause, and that a subset of these result from copy number variations (CNVs) identifiable by array CGH.MethodologyWe have designed a custom array targeted at genes and genomic loci associated with CDH. A total of 79 isolated CDH patients were screened using this targeted array.ResultsIn three patients, we detected genomic imbalances associated with the observed diaphragmatic hernia; a deletion of 8p22‐p23.3, 14.2 Mb in size, a 340 kb duplication of Xq13.1 including the ephrin‐B1 gene (EFNB1), and mosaicism for trisomy 2.ConclusionUsing this approach, we detected genomic imbalances associated with CDH in 3/79 (4%) isolated CDH patients. Our findings further implicate 8p deletions as being associated with CDH. The duplication of EFNB1 further highlights this gene as a potential candidate involved in diaphragm development. Mosaicism for trisomy 2 is a rare event and unlikely to be a common cause of CDH. Further investigations of isolated CDH patients by array CGH will continue to identify novel submicroscopic loci and refine genomic regions associated with CDH. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel siloxane‐imide‐containing polybenzoxazine
Authors: Chen Kai‐Chi , Li Hsun‐Tien , Chen Wen‐Bin , Liao Chun‐Hsiung , Sun Kien‐Wen , Chang Feng‐Chih 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA novel siloxane‐imide‐containing polybenzoxazine based on N,N′‐bis(N‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[1,3]oxazine)‐5, 5′‐bis(1,1′,3,3′‐tetramethyldisiloxane‐1,3‐diyl)‐bis(norborane‐2,3‐dicarboximide) (BZ‐A1) was successfully synthesized. The thermal properties of BZ‐A1 are superior to those of conventional polybenzoxazines lacking siloxane groups. Polymerized BZ‐A1 possesses extremely low surface free energy (γs = 15.1 mJ m−2) after curing at 230 °C for 1 h. Moreover, the surface free energy of polymerized BZ‐A1 is more stable than conventional bisphenol A‐type polybenzoxazine during thermal curing and annealing processes, indicating that polymerized BZ‐A1 is more suitable for applications requiring low surface free energy materials for high temperatures over long periods of time. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Safety considerations in electric gas heaters
Authors: Mathur Satish 
Published: November 2010

AbstractElectric heaters are often used when heat duties are small and/or for plant startups prior to the availability of hot oil or steam. These heaters are often purchased as “black boxes” from vendors. In these cases, they may not have the appropriated safeguards.This article is an analysis of an actual accident with an electric heater. The analysis given in this article shows that these heaters need to be included in PHAs and given appropriate safeguards—normally more than initially part of a vendor's unit. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011.
Photo‐induced phase switching dynamics in RbMn[Fe(CN)6] probed by accumulation free mid‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Asahara Akifumi , Nakajima Makoto , Fukaya Ryo , Tokoro Hiroko , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi , Suemoto Tohru 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPhoto‐induced phase switching dynamics in rubidium manganese hexacyanoferrate was investigated by visible pump mid‐infrared probe transmittance spectroscopy between 2000 and 2250 cm−1. We monitored the CN− stretching vibration modes, which are sensitive to the valence states of the adjacent metal ions, to observe the transient changes of the valences. Accumulation free method was applied to this measurement to remove the persistent phase transition and maintain the initial state constant for every pump pulse. At low temperature, the sample in low temperature phase (LTP) is irradiated with 532 nm light to stimulate intervalence charge transfer (Fe2+ → Mn3+) band, and photoinduced high temperature phase (PI‐HTP), whose properties are similar to that of HTP, is created. The PI‐HTP is reversed to LT phase by irradiating with 400 nm light which stimulates ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (CN− → Fe3+) band. In the photoinduced phase transition (PIPT) process from PI‐HTP to LTP, increase of the valence pairs corresponding to the phase boundary state resulting from the charge transfer, CN− to Fe3+, was clearly observed. The transient change has a rising time of shorter than 1 ps and a decay time longer than 100 ps. In the reverse process i.e., LTP to PI‐HTP, reduction of LTP and production of boundary state induced by the charge transfer, Fe2+ to Mn3+, were observed. These changes appeared within 1 ps and survived more than 100 ps.
Erratum: Effect of nitrogen on the InAs/GaAs quantum dot formation
Authors: Ivanova L. , Eisele H. , Lenz A. , Timm R. , Schumann O. , Geelhaar L. , Riechert H. , Dähne M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUnfortunately, in the original paper the journal abbreviations of references [7] and [8] are interchanged. The correct citations are given here (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Correlation between structure and optoelectronic properties in a two‐dimensional nanoparticle assembly
Authors: Mangold Markus A. , Niedermeier Martin A. , Rawolle Monika , Dirks Beate , Perlich Jan , Roth Stephan V. , Holleitner Alexander W. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe optical properties of two‐dimensional assemblies of metal nanoparticles are strongly influenced by the morphological configuration of the metal particles in the layer. Therefore, we correlate the structural and optical properties of two‐dimensional, hexagonal gold nanoparticle arrays. We characterize the structure of the arrays using grazing‐incidence small angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS). From the GISAXS pattern, we determine the size of the gold particles as well as the lattice spacing of the hexagonal assembly. Based upon these parameters we calculate the dielectric function of the gold particle array using the Maxwell–Garnett effective medium theory. We further deduce the absorption spectrum which closely follows the measured absorption and photoconductance spectrum. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and Electronic Properties of Extremely Long Perylene Bisimide Nanofibers Formed through a Stoichiometrically Mismatched, Hydrogen‐Bonded Complexation
Authors: Yagai Shiki , Seki Tomohiro , Murayama Haruno , Wakikawa Yusuke , Ikoma Tadaaki , Kikkawa Yoshihiro , Karatsu Takashi , Kitamura Akihide , Honsho Yoshihito , Seki Shu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractExtremely long nanofibers, whose lengths reach the millimeter regime, are generated via co‐aggregation of a melamine‐appended perylene bisimide semiconductor and a substituted cyanurate, both of which are ditopic triple‐hydrogen‐bonding building blocks; they co‐aggregate in an unexpected stoichiometrically mismatched 1:2 ratio. Various microscopic and X‐ray diffraction studies suggest that hydrogen‐bonded polymeric chains are formed along the long axis of the nanofibers by the 1:2 complexation of the two components, which further stack along the short axis of the nanofibers. The photocarrier generation mechanism in the nanofibers is investigated by time‐of‐flight (TOF) experiments under electric and magnetic fields, revealing the birth and efficient recombination of singlet geminate electron–hole pairs. Flash‐photolysis time‐resolved microwave conductivity (FP‐TRMC) measurements revealed intrinsic 1D electron mobilities up to 0.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 within nanofibers.
Structural Investigation of Homoleptic Lanthanide(III) Tris(pivalamidinates), [tBuC(NiPr)2]3Ln (Ln = Ce, Eu, Tb)
Authors: Dröse Peter , Blaurock Steffen , Hrib Cristian G. , Hilfert Liane , Edelmann Frank T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThree new homoleptic lanthanide(III) tris(pivalamidinates), [tBuC(NiPr)2]3Ln (Ln = Ce (1), Eu (2), Tb (3)) were synthesized by reaction of anhydrous LnCl3 with 3 equivalents of in situ prepared Li[tBuC(NiPr)2] in THF. X‐ray structural analyses confirmed the presence of homoleptic, unsolvated tris(amidinates) in which the central Ln3+ ions are coordinated by three chelating pivalamidinate anions in a distorted all‐nitrogen trigonal prismatic arrangement. Compounds 1–3 all crystallize in the monoclinic system, with 1 and 3 containing solvent of crystallization (1: toluene, 3: n‐pentane) whereas the europium derivative 2 is unsolvated.
A Liberation Psychology Approach to Acculturative Integration of Migrant Populations
Authors: García-Ramírez Manuel , de la Mata Manuel L. , Paloma Virginia , Hernández-Plaza Sonia 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper describes an acculturative integration approach that stresses the contribution of liberation psychology. Immigrant integration is a challenge for receiving countries in the Western world due to the frequent asymmetrical and oppressive conditions suffered by newcomers in their new settlements. The cross‐cultural perspective connects integration with psychological acculturation, emphasizing harmony between acquisitions of the new culture while maintaining cultural heritage, and creating opportunities for intergroup relationships. In turn, liberation psychology permits an understanding of the acculturative transition as an empowerment and self‐construction process by which immigrants acquire a new vision of the world and of themselves, transforming both structural conditions and themselves. From this perspective we conceptualize acculturative integration as the process by which newcomers become an accepted part of the new society through a reflexive and evaluative process, changing their social references and position, rebuilding their social and personal resources, and achieving a new agency in coherence with their new challenges and goals. In this process, they acquire critical thinking about unequal conditions, gain capacities to respond to the inequalities, and take effective actions to confront them. We illustrate this process using the narratives of nine Moroccan women who are living in asymmetrical and oppressive local contexts in Andalusia, the southern‐most region of Spain.
Exacerbation of erythropoietic protoporphyria by hyperthyroidism
Authors: Minder Elisabeth I. , Haldemann Andreas R. , Schneider‐Yin Xiaoye 
Published: November 2010

AbstractErythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a hereditary disorder caused by deficiency of ferrochelatase, the last enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. The majority of EPP patients present with a clinical symptom of painful phototoxicity. Liver damage, the most serious complication of EPP, occurs in <5% of the patients. This report describes a case of an EPP patient who complained of worsening cutaneous symptoms, nervousness, and insomnia. Laboratory tests showed highly increased protoporphyrin concentration in erythrocytes and elevated serum transaminases that are indicative of EPP‐related liver damage. The subsequent finding of decreased serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and increased free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations, as well antibodies against both thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and TSH receptors, led to the diagnosis of Graves’ disease. The patient received 500 MBq of radioiodine (I131). Three months after the radioactive iodine therapy, the thyroid volume was reduced to 30% of pretherapeutic volume. Although the patient was slightly hypothyroidic, his liver enzymes returned to normal, his erythrocytic protoporphyrin concentration dropped fivefold, and his skin symptoms improved dramatically. The coexistence of Graves’ disease and EPP is a statistically rare event as, besides our patient, there was one additional case reported in the literature. Although the exact mechanism whereby Graves’ disease interacts with EPP is yet to be explored, we recommend testing thyroid function in EPP patients with liver complication to exclude hyperthyroidism as a potential cause.
Homocysteine and vascular disease: review of published results of the homocysteine‐lowering trials
Authors: Clarke Robert , Halsey Jim , Bennett Derrick , Lewington Sarah 
Published: November 2010

AbstractModerately elevated homocysteine levels have been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in observational studies, but whether these associations are causal is uncertain. Randomized trials of dietary supplementation with B vitamins were set up to assess whether lowering homocysteine levels could reduce the risk of vascular disease. This review is based on a meta‐analysis of published results of eight homocysteine‐lowering trials for preventing vascular disease. The eight trials comprised a total of 37,485 individuals and provided comparisons of the effects of B vitamins on 5,074 coronary heart disease (CHD) events, 1,483 stroke events, 2,692 incident cancer events, and 5,128 deaths. Our meta‐analysis assessed the effects of lowering homocysteine levels by about 25% for about 5 years. Allocation to B vitamins had no beneficial effects on any cardiovascular events, with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.01 (0.96–1.07) for CHD and 0.96 (0.87–1.07) for stroke. Moreover, allocation to B vitamins had no significant adverse effects on cancer [1.08 (0.99–1.17)], or for death from any cause [1.02 (0.97–1.07)]. Thus, supplementation with B vitamins had no statistically significant effects on the risks of cardiovascular events, total mortality rates, or cancer. A meta‐analysis based on individual participant data from all available trials will assess the effects of lowering homocysteine levels on a broader range of outcomes, overall and in all relevant subgroups. However, available evidence does not support the routine use of B vitamins to prevent cardiovascular disease.