bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capital City Museums and Tourism Flows: an Empirical Study of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
Authors: Carey Simon , Davidson Lee , Sahli Mondher 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis study uses time series analysis to explore the extent to which the opening of the Museum of New Zealand in 1998 contributed to tourism growth in the nation's capital, Wellington. With the use of a series of different measures for tourism and major events in the city, econometric regressions are undertaken to better understand the relationship between visitors to the museum and tourism growth in the city's short‐term commercial accommodation sector. The findings are consistent with the museum having a positive impact on tourist arrivals and overnight stays. These results contribute valuable empirical evidence of the positive role of museums in attracting tourists to urban centres. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resource partitioning among cape foxes, bat‐eared foxes, and black‐backed jackals in South Africa
Authors: Kamler Jan F. , Stenkewitz Ute , Klare Unn , Jacobsen Nicolas F. , Macdonald David W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCape foxes (Vulpes chama) and bat‐eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis) are sympatric with black‐backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) over much of southern Africa, although competition with and/or predation by jackals may suppress local populations of both fox species. From 2005 to 2008, we captured, radio‐collared, and monitored 11 cape foxes, 22 bat‐eared foxes, and 15 black‐backed jackals on a game ranch in South Africa to investigate their spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary resource overlap. Mean annual home‐range sizes were 27.7 km2for cape foxes, 5.0 km2for bat‐eared foxes, and 17.8 km2for jackal family groups. Home ranges overlapped completely between species, although core areas overlapped less (<45%), with cape foxes and jackals overlapping the least (12%). When active, cape foxes, but not bat‐eared foxes, used core areas of jackal groups less than expected. Additionally, both fox species used jackal core areas less than expected for their den sites, suggesting areas outside jackal core areas were used as refuges by foxes. Strong levels of habitat partitioning were not apparent at the study site or home‐range levels, although habitat selection for den sites differed between jackals and cape foxes. Jackals were the most diurnal across seasons, whereas cape foxes were the most nocturnal. Diets overlapped little (R0 = 0.20–0.34) among the canid species, with bat‐eared foxes overlapping the least with the others. Jackals killed at least 5 collared bat‐eared foxes and 1 collared cape fox, indicating potential interference competition, probably for exclusive use of territorial space rather than over shared resources. We conclude that bat‐eared foxes coexisted with jackals primarily by their dietary specialization and group living. Cape foxes coexisted with jackals by exhibiting high levels of spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary partitioning. Surprisingly, the fox species exhibited positive associations with each other. Our results show the mechanisms that may allow jackals to suppress fox populations, yet also show how foxes, in turn, use different mechanisms to coexist with a dominant canid. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
THREE‐STAGE ANALYSIS OF THE ADOPTION OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION IN THE HIGHLANDS OF RWANDA
Authors: Bizoza A. R. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the adoption of bench terraces by applying a three‐stage analysis using data from 301 households in the highlands of Rwanda. Ongoing adoption of bench terraces is ‘unpacked’ to consider both adopters willing to retain and increase the intensity of using terraces already constructed and new adopters willing to develop new bench terraces. Results suggest that farmers' inability to maintain existing terraces may explain the reluctance to adopt new terraces. The same inability explains why some of the terraces constructed earlier are not well maintained and fully used by farmers in northern and southern Rwanda. Policy actions aimed at improving farmer's capacity to invest in complementary inputs will sustain future generations of soil and water conservation measures in Rwanda. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyelectrolyte Capsules as Carriers for Growth Factor Inhibitor Delivery to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Baldassarre Francesca , Vergaro Viviana , Scarlino Flavia , De Santis Flavia , Lucarelli Giovanna , Torre Antonio della , Ciccarella Giuseppe , Rinaldi Ross , Giannelli Gianluigi , Leporatti Stefano 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe efficient internalization of TGF‐beta inhibitor‐loaded polyelectrolyte capsules and particles is studied in two HCC cell lines. Two polyelectrolyte pairs (biocompatible but not degradable and biodegradable crosslinked with gluteraldehyde) are employed for coating. The capsules are characterized by SEM. LY is successfully loaded inside the core and embedded between polymer layers. MS is used to quantify the loading efficiency by comparing post‐loading and core‐loading methods, since both coated templates and hollow shells are used as carriers. CLSM confirms dissolution of the pre‐formed multilayer upon enzymatic degradation as the method of release, and migration assays demonstrate a higher inhibition efficiency of TGF‐beta in tailored biodegradable capsules compared to free LY administration.magnified image
Nanopaper: Thin Films Prepared from Polymeric Nanotubes
Authors: Huang Bin , Hill Reghan , van de Ven Theo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA novel mesoporous material (“nanopaper”) prepared from template‐synthesized, polyelectrolyte‐stabilized polymer nanotubes is reported. The stacked network of completely collapsed, flat nanotubes forms the porous structure, which has a water‐vapor permeability that can be tuned by the stabilizer. The transport mechanism is elucidated based on microscopy, thermal analysis, spectroscopy characterization, and mass‐transfer theory. The results suggest that the nanotube surface plays a key role in the through‐film transport process. This effect vanishes in the more open films formed from micro‐fibrillated cellulose having similar fibril diameters. Nanopaper mechanical properties are also reported. With a pore structure and functionality that can be varied, nanopaper is a promising functional membrane. magnified image
A New Flame Retardant for Wood Materials Tested in Wood‐Plastic Composites
Authors: Seefeldt Henrik , Braun Ulrike 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA new flame retardant based on an ammonium phosphonate is studied with respect to its thermal decomposition and its mode of action in wood‐plastic composites (WPCs). The measurements are carried out by means of fire tests (cone calorimeter) and pyrolysis investigations (thermogravimetry, infrared spectroscopy). The flame retardant acts mainly in the condensed phase by increasing the amount of residue formed by the wood part in the WPC. Additional flame dilution is achieved by the release of water, ammonia and carbon dioxide during the decomposition of the flame retardant. magnified image
A Study on Transreactions of PET/PEN Reactive Blending in a Twin‐Screw Extruder Using an Axial Dispersion Model
Authors: Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Golriz Mahdi , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Abedini Hossein , Wagenknecht Udo , Heinrich Gert 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTransreactions of PET and PEN melt‐mixed in a twin‐screw extruder are investigated. The extruder is modeled and characterized in the frame of a tubular system of closed type. The kinetic modeling is based on a modified second‐order reversible reaction equation, which allows the dispersion equation to be solved analytically. The analysis shows a good agreement between the model and experiment. The axial dispersion model is employed to predict the extent of transesterification reactions (X) and degree of randomness (RD). 1H NMR measurements are performed to estimate X and RD. Theoretical and experimental data are in good agreement. The model can thus be exploited to describe the effects of processing parameters, mixing time, mixing temperature, and blend composition on X and RD. magnified image
Improved MR phase‐contrast velocimetry using a novel nine‐point balanced motion‐encoding scheme with increased robustness to eddy current effects
Authors: Espe Emil K. S. , Aronsen Jan Magnus , Skrbic Biljana , Skulberg Vidar Magne , Schneider Jürgen E. , Sejersted Ole M. , Zhang Lili , Sjaastad Ivar 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPhase‐contrast MRI (PC‐MRI) velocimetry is a noninvasive, high‐resolution motion assessment tool. However, high motion sensitivity requires strong motion‐encoding magnetic gradients, making phase‐contrast‐MRI prone to baseline shift artifacts due to the generation of eddy currents. In this study, we propose a novel nine‐point balanced velocity‐encoding strategy, designed to be more accurate in the presence of strong and rapidly changing gradients. The proposed method was validated using a rotating phantom, and its robustness and precision were explored and compared with established approaches through computer simulations and in vivo experiments. Computer simulations yielded a 39–57% improvement in velocity–noise ratio (corresponding to a 27–33% reduction in measurement error), depending on which method was used for comparison. Moreover, in vivo experiments confirmed this by demonstrating a 26–53% reduction in accumulated velocity error over the R–R interval. The nine‐point balanced phase‐contrast‐MRI‐encoding strategy is likely useful for settings where high spatial and temporal resolution and/or high motion sensitivity is required, such as in high‐resolution rodent myocardial tissue phase mapping. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Readiness signs used to define the proper moment to start toilet training: A review of the literature
Authors: Kaerts Nore , Van Hal Guido , Vermandel Alexandra , Wyndaele Jean‐Jacques 
Published: March 2012

AbstractConfusion exists about when to start toilet training, which causes stress and anxiety. Another consequence can be the actual postponement of the toilet training process, which has created extra social problems. Therefore, in this review we will focus on the proper moment to start toilet training, more specific on readiness signs. This will clarify on which topics further research is necessary. We searched databases for publications on toilet training. Next, we gathered information about the normal development of healthy children and at which age skills needed for each readiness sign are acquired. Twenty‐one readiness signs were found. Our results show that there is no consensus on which or how many readiness signs to use. Depending on the readiness sign, the moment to start toilet training can vary a lot. More studies are needed to define which readiness signs are most important and how to detect them easily. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:437–440, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do patients with OAB experience bladder sensations in the same way as healthy volunteers? A focus group investigation
Authors: Heeringa R. , van Koeveringe G.A. , Winkens B. , van Kerrebroeck P.E.V. , de Wachter S.G.G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimsTo describe the terminology and pattern of bladder sensations experienced during non‐invasive rapid bladder filling in a controlled setting in patients with OAB and to compare these results with a previous study conducted in healthy volunteers.MethodsThree groups of patients with OAB, in total 10 patients, participated in three consecutive focus group sessions. Before each session a strict water loading protocol was given. During the first two sessions, participants described how they experienced their bladder sensations in daily life and during a non‐invasive bladder filling with constant focus on their bladder. The third session focused on verifying the interpretation of the data gathered and describing the pattern of sensations.ResultsPatients describe their bladder sensations as a pressure or a tingling sensation and the pattern can be described by terms ranging from no sensation to an absolute need to void. The absolute need to void may develop suddenly or more slowly progressive. The mean development of bladder sensation is significantly different between patients and healthy volunteers as well as their average diuresis.ConclusionsPatients with OAB describe their bladder sensations as a pressure or a tingling sensation. There appear to be two types of urgency: a sudden absolute need to void and a slowly developing absolute need to void. Furthermore bladder sensation develops significantly different in volunteers than in OAB patients. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:521–525, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous versus intermittent stochastic resonance whole body vibration and its effect on pelvic floor muscle activity
Authors: Luginbuehl H. , Lehmann C. , Gerber R. , Kuhn A. , Hilfiker R. , Baeyens J.P. , Radlinger L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimsTo determine the optimal stochastic whole body vibration (SR‐WBV) load modality regarding pelvic floor muscle (PFM) activity in order to complete the SR‐WBV training methodology for future PFM training with SR‐WBV.MethodsThe continuous and the intermittent SR‐WBV modalities were tested by means of electromyography in two independent groups (27 women 8 weeks to 1‐year postpartum and 23 women nulliparae or >1‐year postpartum) with self‐reported stress urinary incontinence. The change in the PFM activity within a single set and over three sets were calculated for both SR‐WBV modalities together (time effect) and for both SR‐WBV modalities separately (modality–time interaction).ResultsThere was no statistically significant or clinically relevant change in PFM activity over time or PFM fatigue in either SR‐WBV modality within one or three sets and no difference between the modalities or the groups.ConclusionsThe lack of change in PFM activity could be due to a no more than moderate to submaximal PFM activity during SR‐WBV, the maintenance of reflexive PFM activity despite PFM fatigue or a compensation of slow red PFM fiber fatigue by an increase of innervation frequency and motor unit recruitment of the fast white fibers. As there is no SR‐WBV modality dependent difference regarding PFM activity, the continuous modality is recommended in clinical practice as it is easier to apply and less time consuming. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:683–687, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Localised Primary Canine Hypoplasia: Implications for Maternal and Infant Health at Man Bac, Vietnam, 4000–3500 years BP
Authors: McDonell Amy , Oxenham Marc F 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to assess the frequency of localised primary canine hypoplasia (LHPC) in a sample of 24 subadults from a Neolithic cemetery assemblage located at Man Bac, northern Vietnam (~4000–3500 years BP), and explore the range of factors potentially contributing to the development of this condition. It is found that 41.7% of individuals (20.9% of primary canines) have LHPC, which is similar to the frequency reported in a suite of ancient cemetery series from Neolithic through to Metal Age Thailand. A range of competing aetiological factors considered included trauma to the deciduous canine, ostensibly by way of early childhood exploratory behaviours (e.g. ‘mouthing’ objects), nutritional and dietary deficiencies (especially vitamin A and D), the impact of the mother's health on the developing foetus as well as the effects of premature birth on the developing child. It is concluded that while the aetiology LHPC is multi‐factorial, the reasonably high prevalence of this condition at Man Bac suggests depressed maternal and neonatal health, consistent with a community experiencing high rates of fertility and transitioning to an agricultural subsistence economy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Macrocyclic Ellagitannin Oenothein B in Plant Materials by HPLC‐DAD‐MS: Method Development and Validation
Authors: Granica Sebastian , Bazylko Agnieszka , Kiss Anna K. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionOenothein B (OeB) is a dimeric macrocyclic ellagitannin occurring mainly in the genus Oenothera. In the literature no validated HPLC method for quantification of this compound has been reported.ObjectiveTo develop and validate an efficient HPLC method for quantification of OeB in plant materials.MethodologyExtraction conditions of OeB from plant material were optimised. Then the first validated HPLC method for quantification was developed.ResultsWe have shown that ultrasonic‐assisted extraction at 40 °C in 15 min using water are the most optimal conditions for OeB extraction. We have quantified OeB in several plant materials belonging to Oenotheraceae family. The lowest amount of OeB was present in Circaea lutetiana herb (27.64 ± 0.26 mg/g) and the highest was quantified in Epilobium hirsutum aerial parts (72.91 ± 1.38 mg/g).ConclusionThe first HPLC method for quantification of OeB in plant materials was developed and validated. We also for the first time optimised the extraction conditions for OeB. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimum Yields of Dibenzylbutyrolactone‐type Lignans from Cynareae Fruits, During their Ripening, Germination and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Processes, Determined by On‐line Chromatographic Methods
Authors: Szokol‐Borsodi Lilla , Sólyomváry Anna , Molnár‐Perl Ibolya , Boldizsár Imre 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionDibenzylbutyrolactone‐type lignans are the physiologically active constituents of the achene fruits of Cynareae. These lignans occur in glycoside/aglycone forms: in the highest quantity of the arctiin/arctigenin, matairesinoside/matairesinol and tracheloside/trachelogenin pairs found in the fruits of Arctium lappa L., Centaurea scabiosa L. and Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.ObjectiveTo optimise the extraction yield of the arctiin/arctigenin, matairesinoside/matairesinol and tracheloside/trachelogenin glycoside/aglycone pairs, from the fruits of Arctium lappa, Centaurea scabiosa and Cirsium arvense, under the ripening, germination and enzymatic hydrolysis processes of the fruits.MethodologyIdentification and quantification of lignans were performed with on‐line gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), both with UV and mass selective detections (HPLC‐UV/MS).ResultsAs novelties to the field it was confirmed that: (i) the unripe fruits provide a high amount of lignans, similar to the ripe fruit; (ii) the fruits of Arctium lappa and Cirsium arvense do have glycosidase activity to hydrolyse their lignan glycosides into free lignans; (iii) the glycosidase of Centaurea scabiosa fruit becomes activated under its germination process only; and (iv) the overwhelming part of the fruits lignan contents (80–94%) in all three species are accumulated in the embryo.ConclusionThe best sources of (i) lignan aglycones are the enzyme‐hydrolysed embryos, separating spontaneously during the germination process, and (ii) lignan glycosides are the unripe fruits. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Type 2 diabetes managed by diet and lifestyle: HbA1c can identify significant post‐prandial hyperglycaemia
Authors: McGeoch Susan , Johnstone Alexandra , Lobley Gerald , Pearson Donald , Abraham Prakash , Megson Ian , MacRury Sandra 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPost‐prandial hyperglycaemia is predictive of cardiovascular disease risk. Therefore, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) recommends that 2‐hour post‐meal glucose should not exceed 7.8mmol/L. There are limited data regarding the extent of post‐prandial hyperglycaemia in those with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes and how this relates to HbA1c values.Twenty‐nine volunteers with diet‐controlled type 2 diabetes were recruited (mean HbA1c 50mmol/mol [6.7%], SD 6.5 [0.6]); mean age 62 years [SD 5.8]; mean BMI 31.9kg/m2 [SD 5.3]), and underwent a three‐day period of continuous glucose monitoring (CGMS) at home.Compared with volunteers with an HbA1c >48mmol/mol (6.5%), those with an HbA1c ≤48mmol/mol (6.5%) – mean HbA1c 54 (7.1%) vs 44.9mmol/mol (6.3%), p<0.0001 – had lower mean 24‐hour glucose levels (8.4 vs 7.2mmol/L, p=0.02), reduced fasting glucose concentrations (8.0 vs 6.6mmol/L, p=0.01), and spent less time with glucose concentrations >8mmol/L (703.1 vs 338.5 min, p=0.01). HbA1c showed reasonable correlation with time spent with glucose >8mmol/L (r2=0.48, p<0.0001).Even volunteers with reasonably well‐controlled, diet‐managed type 2 diabetes spent a large proportion (9/24 hours) of the day with glucose concentrations in excess of 8mmol/L, suggesting that implementation of the IDF guidelines presents a challenge in normal clinical practice. HbA1c was a good indicator of post‐prandial hyperglycaemia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
Cognitive behavioural therapy and glycaemic control in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Elliott Shona 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDiabetes is a chronic and progressive disease with physical, social and psychological consequences. Mental health problems are more common in people with diabetes and can make self‐care more difficult. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been effective in treating a variety of psychological disorders and by using it in diabetes, it may help patients improve their HbA1c by changing the way they think and behave.The objectives of this review were to examine whether CBT improves glycaemic control and well‐being in adults with diabetes mellitus, and to provide an up‐to‐date systematic review of published research into the effects of CBT interventions on glycaemic control in this population.Electronic searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), the Cochrane Collaboration and PsycINFO databases were performed to identify relevant studies on adults with either type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, published in English, since 1997. A meta‐analysis was carried out on selected studies.Eight studies reported in 10 articles were identified as eligible for detailed review, including six randomised controlled trials, one prospective cohort study and one quasi‐experimental design. Three study protocols were also considered.Several studies showed improvements in glycaemic control after CBT, but few found these to be statistically significant, except in subjects with particular co‐morbidities. Meta‐analysis confirmed no overall statistically significant impact on glycaemic control. Depression and other psychological outcomes improved in most cases. Further research is needed to identify particular groups of patients who might benefit from targeted CBT intervention both physiologically and psychologically, and to identify which interventions are both practical and cost effective. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.