bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression during pregnancy: detection, comorbidity and treatment
Authors: Muzik Maria , Marcus Sheila Marie , Flynn Heather , Rosenblum Katherine Lisa 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDepression during pregnancy is common (∼15%). Routine prenatal depression screening coupled with the use of physician collaborators to assist in connecting women with care is critical to facilitate treatment engagement with appropriate providers. Providers should be aware of risk factors for depression – including a previous history of depression, life events, and interpersonal conflict – and should appropriately screen for such conditions. Depression during pregnancy has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes including preeclampsia, insufficient weight gain, decreased compliance with prenatal care, and premature labor. Current research has questioned the overall benefit of treating depression during pregnancy with antidepressants when compared to the risk of untreated depression for mother and child. Published guidelines favor psychotherapy above medication as the first line treatment for prenatal depression. Poor neonatal adaptation or withdrawal symptoms in the neonate may occur with fetal exposure in late pregnancy, but the symptoms are mild to moderate and transient. The majority of mothers who decide to stop taking their antidepressants during pregnancy suffer relapsing symptoms. If depression continues postpartum, there is an increased risk of poor mother–infant attachment, delayed cognitive and linguistic skills in the infant, impaired emotional development, and behavioral problems in later life. Bipolar depression, anxiety and substance use disorders, and/or presence of severe psychosocial stress can lead to treatment‐resistance. Modified and more complex treatment algorithms are then warranted. Psychiatric medications, interpersonal or cognitive‐behavioral therapy, and adjunctive parent–infant/family treatment, as well as social work support, are modalities often required to comprehensively address all issues surrounding the illness.
Anti-ulcer activity of IAC, a novel free-radical scavenger, in rats
Authors: Zavatti Manuela , Corsi Lorenzo , Zanoli Paola , Baraldi Mario 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated the ability of a novel low-molecular-weight free-radical scavenger, bis(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-decandioate (IAC), to protect the gastric mucosa from indometacin-induced ulceration.

Methods
The pharmacological effects of IAC, administered orally or by intraperitoneal injection, on the gastric mucosa were assessed in a rat model of gastric ulceration induced by indometacin. The effect of IAC on the level of prostaglandin PGE2 in the gastric mucosa was also investigated.

Results
IAC, which has no ulcerative activity per se, had a preventive and protective activity against indometacin-induced gastric ulceration. This effect could be only partially attributed to a modulatory effect of IAC on PGE2 levels; it is more likely to be due to the antioxidant activity of the compound.

Conclusions
Taking into account the properties of IAC and the mechanisms underlying gastric inflammation elicited by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, IAC may represent a novel anti-ulcer agent.
Assay of Colistin and Colistin Methanesulfonate in Plasma and Urine by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gobin Patrice , Lemaître Florian , Marchand Sandrine , Couet William , Olivier Jean-Christophe 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

A rapid high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay was developed for the routine quantification of colistins A and B and their prodrugs, colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) A and CMS B, respectively, in human plasma and urine by using polymyxin B1 as the internal standard (IS). CMS concentrations were determined indirectly by subtracting the colistin concentrations determined in biological samples from the whole colistin concentrations determined after sample treatment with sulfuric acid in order to hydrolyze CMS into colistin. After extraction on a solid-phase extraction column, the colistins were separated on an XBrigde C
18
column with isocratic elution (run time, 3.8 min). The mobile phase was 0.1% (vol/vol) formic acid in acetonitrile-0.1% (vol/vol) formic acid in water (20:80, vol/vol), run at a 0.2-ml/min flow rate. Ions were detected in the turbo-ion-spray-positive and multiple-reaction-monitoring modes. The ions monitored (precursor [M + 2H]
2+
to product ions) were
m/z
585.5/101.2 for colistin A,
m/z
578.5/101.2 for colistin B, and
m/z
602.5/241.2 for IS. Prevalidation studies demonstrated the stability of CMS in biological samples and extracts, a key point for the reliable quantification of colistin and CMS. The assay was accurate and reproducible for the quantification of colistins A and B and CMSs A and B in plasma samples over concentration ranges appropriate for pharmacokinetic studies: 0.024 to 6.144, 0.015 to 3.856, 0.029 to 7.492, and 0.010 to 2.508 μg/ml, respectively. In urine samples, the assay was validated over the same concentration ranges for colistins and over concentration ranges of 0.058 to 7.492 μg/ml and 0.020 to 2.508 μg/ml for CMSs A and B, respectively.
Anti-Porphyromonas gingivalisand Anti-Inflammatory Activities of A-Type Cranberry Proanthocyanidins
Authors: La Vu Dang , Howell Amy B. , Grenier Daniel 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTA-type cranberry proanthocyanidins (AC-PACs) have recently been reported to be beneficial for human health, especially urinary tract health. The effect of these proanthocyanidins on periodontitis, a destructive disease of tooth-supporting tissues, needs to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of AC-PACs on various virulence determinants ofPorphyromonas gingivalisas well as on the inflammatory response of oral epithelial cells stimulated by this periodontopathogen. We examined the effects of AC-PACs onP. gingivalisgrowth and biofilm formation, adherence to human oral epithelial cells and protein-coated surfaces, collagenase activity, and invasiveness. We also tested the ability of AC-PACs to modulate theP. gingivalis-induced inflammatory response by human oral epithelial cells. Our results showed that while AC-PACs neutralized all the virulence properties ofP. gingivalisin a dose-dependent fashion, they did not interfere with growth. They also inhibited the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) but did not affect the secretion of IL-6 by epithelial cells stimulated withP. gingivalis. This anti-inflammatory effect was associated with reduced activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 pathway. AC-PACs may be potentially valuable bioactive molecules for the development of new strategies to treat and preventP. gingivalis-associated periodontal diseases.
In Vitro
Resistance Profile of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor TMC435
Authors: Lenz Oliver , Verbinnen Thierry , Lin Tse-I , Vijgen Leen , Cummings Maxwell D. , Lindberg Jimmy , Berke Jan Martin , Dehertogh Pascale , Fransen Els , Scholliers Annick , Vermeiren Katrien , Ivens Tania , Raboisson Pierre , Edlund Michael , Storm Susan , Vrang Lotta , de Kock Herman , Fanning Gregory C. , Simmen Kenneth A. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

TMC435 is a small-molecule inhibitor of the NS3/4A serine protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV) currently in phase 2 development. The
in vitro
resistance profile of TMC435 was characterized by selection experiments with HCV genotype 1 replicon cells and the genotype 2a JFH-1 system. In 80% (86/109) of the sequences from genotype 1 replicon cells analyzed, a mutation at NS3 residue D168 was observed, with changes to V or A being the most frequent. Mutations at NS3 positions 43, 80, 155, and 156, alone or in combination, were also identified. A transient replicon assay confirmed the relevance of these positions for TMC435 inhibitory activity. The change in the 50% effective concentrations (EC
50
s) observed for replicons with mutations at position 168 ranged from <10-fold for those with the D168G or D168N mutation to ∼2,000-fold for those with the D168V or D168I mutation, compared to the EC
50
for the wild type. Of the positions identified, mutations at residue Q80 had the least impact on the activity of TMC435 (<10-fold change in EC
50
s), while greater effects were observed for some replicons with mutations at positions 43, 155, and 156. TMC435 remained active against replicons with the specific mutations observed after
in vitro
or
in vivo
exposure to telaprevir or boceprevir, including most replicons with changes at positions 36, 54, and 170 (<3-fold change in EC
50
s). Replicons carrying mutations affecting the activity of TMC435 remained fully susceptible to alpha interferon and NS5A and NS5B inhibitors. Finally, combinations of TMC435 with alpha interferon and NS5B polymerase inhibitors prevented the formation of drug-resistant replicon colonies.
Rapid Change of Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Clones in a Chinese Tertiary Care Hospital over a 15-Year Period
Authors: Chen Hongbin , Liu Yudong , Jiang Xiuhong , Chen Minjun , Wang Hui 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

The incidence of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) has been increasing yearly at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). In order to understand the molecular evolution of MRSA at PUMCH, a total of 466 nonduplicate
S. aureus
isolates, including 302 MRSA and 164 methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) isolates recovered from 1994 to 2008 were characterized by staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
(SCC
mec
) typing,
spa
typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The 302 MRSA isolates were classified into 12
spa
types and 9 sequence types (STs). During the years from 1994 to 2000, the most predominant MRSA clone was ST239-MRSA-III-
spa
t037. Since 2000, ST239-MRSA-III-
spa
t030 has rapidly replaced t037 and become the major clone. Another clone, ST5-MRSA-II-
spa
t002 emerged in 2002 and constantly existed at a low prevalence rate. The 164 MSSA isolates were classified into 62
spa
types and 40 STs. ST398 was the most common MLST type for MSSA, followed by ST59, ST7, ST15, and ST1. Several MSSA genotypes, including ST398, ST1, ST121, and ST59, were identical to well-known epidemic community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) isolates. MLST eBURST analysis revealed that the ST5, ST59, and ST965 clones coexisted in both MRSA and MSSA, which suggested that these MRSA clones might have evolved from MSSA by the acquisition of SCC
mec
. Two
pvl
-positive ST59-MRSA-IV isolates were identified as CA-MRSA according to the clinical data. Overall, our data showed that the ST239-MRSA-III-
spa
t037 clone was replaced by the emerging ST239-MRSA-III-
spa
t030 clone, indicating a rapid change of MRSA at a tertiary care hospital in China over a 15-year period.
Heat Stress Cognate 70 Host Protein as a Potential Drug Target against Drug Resistance in Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Wang Yu-Ping , Liu Fei , He Hong-Wei , Han Yan-Xin , Peng Zong-Gen , Li Bao-Wei , You Xue-Fu , Song Dan-Qing , Li Zhuo-Rong , Yu Li-Yan , Cen Shan , Hong Bin , Sun Chen-Heng , Zhao Li-Xun , Kreiswirth Barry , Perlin David , Shao Rong-Guang , Jiang Jian-Dong 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Heat stress cognate 70 (Hsc70) is a host protein associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. The goal of this study was to investigate whether Hsc70 could be an anti-HBV drug target. Our results showed that introducing Hsc70 increased HBV replication in HBV
+
human hepatocytes (HepG2.2.15 cells). The coiled-coil region on Hsc70 (nucleotides 1533 to 1608; amino acids 511 to 536) was the key sequence for HBV replication. Knockdown of Hsc70 expression by RNA interference (RNAi) largely inhibited HBV replication with no cytotoxicity to the host. Using an Hsc70 mRNA screening assay, the natural compound oxymatrine (OMTR) was found to be a selective inhibitor for Hsc70 expression. Then, OMTR was used to investigate the potential of Hsc70 as an anti-HBV drug target. OMTR inhibited Hsc70 mRNA expression by 80% and HBV DNA replication by over 60% without causing cytotoxicity. The anti-HBV effect of OMTR appeared to be mediated by destabilizing Hsc70 mRNA. The half-life (
T
1/2
) of Hsc70 mRNA decreased by 50% in OMTR-treated hepatocytes. The Hsc70 mRNA 3′-untranslated-region (UTR) sequence was the element responsible for OMTR's destabilization activity. OMTR suppressed HBV
de novo
synthesis at the reverse transcription stage from pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) to DNA and was active against either wild-type HBV or strains resistant to lamivudine, adefovir, and entecavir. Therefore, host Hsc70 could be a novel drug target against HBV, and OMTR appears to inhibit HBV replication by destabilizing Hsc70 mRNA. As the target is not a viral protein, OMTR is active for either wild-type HBV or strains resistant to reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors.
Substitution of the
Bordetella pertussis
Lipid A Phosphate Groups with Glucosamine Is Required for Robust NF-κB Activation and Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Cells Expressing Human but Not Murine Toll-Like Receptor 4-MD-2-CD14
Authors: Marr Nico , Hajjar Adeline M. , Shah Nita R. , Novikov Alexey , Yam Cathy S. , Caroff Martine , Fernandez Rachel C. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Bordetella pertussis
endotoxin is a key modulator of the host immune response, mainly due to the role of its lipid A moiety in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signaling. We have previously demonstrated that the lipid A phosphate groups of
B. pertussis
BP338 can be substituted with glucosamine in a BvgAS-regulated manner. Here we examined the effect of this lipid A modification on the biological activity of
B. pertussis
endotoxin. We compared purified endotoxin and heat-killed
B. pertussis
BP338 whole cells that have modified lipid A phosphate groups to an isogenic mutant lacking this modification with respect to their capacities to induce the release of inflammatory cytokines by human and murine macrophages and to participate in the TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB in transfected HEK-293 cells. We found inactivated
B. pertussis
cells to be stronger inducers of proinflammatory cytokines in THP-1-derived macrophages when lipid A was modified. Most notably, lack of lipid A modification abolished the ability of purified
B. pertussis
endotoxin to induce the release of inflammatory cytokines by human THP-1-derived macrophages but led to only slightly reduced inflammatory cytokine levels when stimulating murine (RAW 264.7) macrophages. Accordingly, upon stimulation of HEK-293 cells with inactivated bacteria and purified endotoxin, lack of lipid A modification led to impaired NF-κB activation only when human, and not when murine, TLR4-MD-2-CD14 was expressed. We speculate that in
B. pertussis
, lipid A modification has evolved to benefit the bacteria during human infection by modulating immune defenses rather than to evade innate immune recognition.
Initial community response to a childhood drowning prevention programme in a rural setting in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman A , Miah A H , Mashreky S R , Shafinaz S , Linnan M , Rahman F 
Published: February 2010

ObjectivesTo describe the development, community acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability of a pilot drowning prevention intervention for rural children, 1–4 years old, in Bangladesh.MethodsA prevention package was formulated and piloted in four rural communities of Bangladesh for 3 months. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were organised with stakeholders to elicit community acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability of the proposed interventions.ResultsIncreased supervision of children, raising awareness on water safety, and educating the community on first response skills were the three core aspects identified through workshops to include in the intervention package. During development of interventions emphasis was given to finding low-cost local resources. To increase child supervision, creation of drowning-safe homes and establishment of community crèches were identified. To create heightened water safety, formation of village committees and conduction of courtyard and social autopsy meetings with communities were considered. The community actively participated and considered that these interventions would be useful for prevention of child drowning. There was also an increasing demand for some of these interventions.ConclusionUse of low-cost local resources, community participation, and increasing demand of the interventions indicated that the package was acceptable, feasible, and sustainable to the community. To determine the effectiveness of the package demands implementation on a larger sample.
Making virtual walking real
Authors: Souman Jan L. , Giordano Paolo Robuffo , Frissen Ilja , Luca Alessandro De , Ernst Marc O. 
Published: February 2010

For us humans, walking is our most natural way of moving through the world. One of the major challenges in present research on navigation in virtual reality is to enable users to physically walk through virtual environments. Although treadmills, in principle, allow users to walk for extended periods of time through large virtual environments, existing setups largely fail to produce a truly immersive sense of navigation. Partially, this is because of inadequate control of treadmill speed as a function of walking behavior. Here, we present a new control algorithm that allows users to walk naturally on a treadmill, including starting to walk from standstill, stopping, and varying walking speed. The treadmill speed control consists of a feedback loop based on the measured user position relative to a given reference position, plus a feed-forward term based on online estimation of the user's walking velocity. The purpose of this design is to make the treadmill compensate fully for any persistent walker motion, while keeping the accelerations exerted on the user as low as possible.
We evaluated the performance of the algorithm by conducting a behavioral experiment in which we varied its most important parameters. Participants walked at normal walking speed and then, on an auditory cue, abruptly stopped. After being brought back to the center of the treadmill by the control algorithm, they rated how smoothly the treadmill had changed its velocity in response to the change in walking speed. Ratings, in general, were quite high, indicating good control performance. Moreover, ratings clearly depended on the control algorithm parameters that were varied. Ratings were especially affected by the way the treadmill reversed its direction of motion. In conclusion, controlling treadmill speed in such a way that changes in treadmill speed are unobtrusive and do not disturb VR immersiveness is feasible on a normal treadmill with a straightforward control algorithm.
Mesh-based many-core performance under process variations
Authors: Musoll Enric 
Published: February 2010

Process variations in advanced nodes introduce significant core-to-core performance differences in single-chip multi-core architectures, leading to a loss in core yield.
Cores in a many-core architecture become non-operational because of the direct effect of process variations or indirectly because of the core-interconnect fabric failing to provide total resilience to faults on the fabric itself.
Therefore, two ways to increase core yield are (a) reduce the clock frequency (so more cores can be clocked), and (b) devise a more robust, fault-tolerant interconnect fabric (so fewer cores become isolated).
This work advocates for reducing the clock frequency as a more cost-effective solution to increase the core yield and the overall throughput performance of mesh-based many-core architectures.
Influences of the Indian Summer Monsoon on Water Vapor and Ozone Concentrations in the UTLS as Simulated by Chemistry–Climate Models
Authors: Kunze Markus , Braesicke Peter , Langematz Ulrike , Stiller Gabriele , Bekki Slimane , Brühl Christoph , Chipperfield Martyn , Dameris Martin , Garcia Rolando , Giorgetta Marco 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The representation of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) circulation in some current chemistry–climate models (CCMs) is assessed. The main assessment focuses on the anticyclone that forms in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the related changes in water vapor and ozone during July and August for the recent past. The synoptic structures are described and CCMs and reanalysis models are compared. Multiannual means and weak versus strong monsoon cases as classified by the Monsoon–Hadley index (MHI) are discussed. The authors find that current CCMs capture the average synoptic structure of the ISM anticyclone well as compared to the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and NCEP–NCAR reanalyses. The associated impact on water vapor and ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere as observed with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat is captured by most models to some degree. The similarities for the strong versus weak monsoon cases are limited, and even for present-day conditions the models do not agree well for extreme events. Nevertheless, some features are present in the reanalyses and more than one CCM, for example, ozone increases at 380 K eastward of the ISM. With the database available for this study, future changes of the ISM are hard to assess. The modeled monsoon activity index used here shows slight weakening of the ISM circulation in a future climate, and some of the modeled water vapor increase seems to be contained in the anticyclone at 360 K and sometimes above. The authors conclude that current CCMs capture the average large-scale synoptic structure of the ISM well during July and August, but large differences for the interannual variability make assessments of likely future changes of the ISM highly uncertain.
Generation and Growth Mechanism of the Natal Pulse
Authors: Tsugawa Motohiko , Hasumi Hiroyasu 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The Natal pulses, solitary cyclonic meanders in the Agulhas Current, are reproduced in an ocean general circulation model. The model covers the region around the Agulhas Current with a grid fine enough to reproduce major eddies. The features of the reproduced Natal pulses are consistent with observational evidences in the following respects: they are generated at the Natal Bight when anticyclonic eddies come, move downstream along the Agulhas Current at speeds about 20 km day−1, and grow in its horizontal size as they move. The present simulation shows that the generation and growth of the Natal pulse occurs because of the interaction between the mean flow of the Agulhas Current and an anticyclonic eddy. A supplemental simulation, where the topography of the Natal Bight is modified, indicates that the topography of the Natal Bight does not cause the generation of the Natal pulses, contrary to a previous suggestion.