bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal airway obstruction caused by rapidly growing nasopharyngeal teratoma
Authors: Maartens IA , Wassenberg T , Halbertsma FJ , Marres HAM , Andriessen P 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA case report is presented of a rapidly growing congenital nasopharyngeal teratoma (epignathus) in a preterm infant, leading to severe upper airway obstruction. Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography did not reveal the condition because the tumour masses were initially small and there was no polyhydramnios. Epignathus is a rare cause of upper airway obstruction of the newborn that can grow rapidly in the neonatal period and should be treated surgically.Conclusion:  Epignathus is a rare cause of upper airway obstruction of the newborn that can grow rapidly in the neonatal period.
Law and Politics Reconsidered: A New Constitutional History of Dred Scott
Authors: Leonard Gerald 
Published: July 2009

This essay synthesizes recent writing on the constitutional history of slavery, featuring Mark Graber's Dred Scott and the Problem of Constitutional Evil (2006). It offers a historical and legal analysis of Dred Scott that attempts to clarify the roles of both law and politics in controversial judicial decisions. It joins Graber in rehabilitating Chief Justice Taney's Dred Scott opinion as a plausible implementation of a Constitution that was born in slavery and grew only more suffused with slavery over time. It integrates much recent writing on the social, political, and constitutional history of slavery to develop the context in which the Dred Scott opinions must be read. And it finds that Justice Curtis's celebrated dissent amounted to an unjudicial manipulation of the law, albeit for the higher purpose of striking at the political hegemony of the slaveholding class.
This essay is an abridgement of a longer work (Leonard 2009) that offers, among other things, further analysis of the unjudicial character of Curtis's dissent.
Stochastic modelling of mean monthly flows of Karasu River, in Turkey
Authors: Şengül Selim , Can İbrahim 
Published: July 2009

AbstractStochastic modelling of streamflows is vital for planning water resource systems. In this study, a stochastic model of the mean monthly streamflows at 2154 Aşağιkağdariç Gauging Station on Karasu River was constructed. Studies were carried out using data from the water yearbooks published by chk later onEIE. The modelling procedure for streamflows with constant coefficient autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models was given in detail and indicated models were constructed. Analysis with streamflows at 2154 Aşağιkağdariç Gauging Station showed that the autoregressive (AR) (1) model is the most appropriate model among the competing models. While selecting the most efficient model the Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used. The Port–Manteau test showed that residuals are white noise series. Using the AR(1) model, 100 synthetic series were generated and the time series generated were found to have the same statistical parameters (monthly mean, monthly standard deviation and autocorrelation) as historic time series within 95% confidence intervals.
Evaluation of the water quality in the Guadarrama river at the section of Las Rozas‐Madrid, Spain
Authors: Vicente J. , Colmenarejo M. F. , Sánchez E. , Rubio A. , García M. G. , Borja R. , Jimenez A. M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe variation of the water quality of the Guadarrama river and its tributaries in a section of Las Rozas‐Madrid, Spain, was studied during the time period between January 2003 and January 2008. The parameter water quality index (WQI) was used to determine the water quality based on the conventional parameters of pollution. It was found that the WQI was slightly affected in the section evaluated. The value of the WQI was in the range of 56–64, which corresponded to the classification of ‘good quality’. It was determined that 64.3% of the organic matter present in the river was removed in the section of Las Rozas‐Madrid. The river acted as a plug flow reactor and a first‐order kinetics governed the ultimate biological oxygen demand (BOD5) (BODU) decay. The value of the first‐order constant demonstrated the river's high self‐purification capacity. In addition, a high linear relationship was found between the WQI and the dissolved oxygen deficit (D). Therefore, a quick determination of WQI may be carried out if the values of D are known. These are easily obtainable by field measurements.
Decreased apoptosis of pulmonary PMN in COPD patients with community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Strassburg Alan , Luers Arne , Dalhoff Klaus 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIntroduction:  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) predisposes for the acquisition of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP).Objective/Methods:  To assess clinically and scientifically suggested disorders in innate immune response during acute phrase and resolution CAP (T2), we evaluated peripheral and pulmonary polymorphnuclear neutrophils (PMN), recovered by induced sputum, from CAP patients with and without COPD with regard to cell activation, interleukin‐8 (CXCL‐8) and CXCL‐8 receptor expression, and apoptosis rate.Results:  At T1, COPD patients displayed significantly lower pulmonary PMN apoptosis rates, while total cell count, the amount of macrophages, and vital and necrotic neutrophils in sputum samples were similar between study groups. At T2, there were no differences between study groups or between pulmonary and peripheral compartment. While under systemic steroid treatment apoptosis rates of peripheral and pulmonary PMN at T1 were slightly decreased, there were no significant differences in intrapulmonary CXCL‐8 levels. Regarding cell activation, no significant differences could be seen, neither in comparing study groups nor in pulmonary to peripheral PMN.Conclusion:  Elucidating the pathology of suspected disorder in innate immune response, we found decreased apoptosis rates of pulmonary neutrophils in COPD at the peak of CAP indicating an increased inflammatory response, which is independent from anti‐apoptotic cytokines such as CXCL‐8, severity of disease and isolation of bacteria from sputum cultures.Please cite this paper as: Strassburg A, Luers A and Dalhoff K. Decreased apoptosis of pulmonary PMN in COPD patients with community‐acquired pneumonia. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2010; 4: 111–119.
fptest: a sas routine for testing differences in allelic count
Authors: FU YONG‐BI 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAllelic count is an important measure of genetic diversity, but it is a function of sample size. This size‐dependent property may not only introduce bias in its estimation, but also cause difficulty in testing the significance of its difference between samples. Here we present a sas routine of random permutation that can assist in the assessment of allelic count differences among groups of variable size. An example is given to examine the statistical significance of the differences in allelic count among eight breeding periods of Canadian oat cultivars.
α‐MSH activates immediate defense responses to UV‐induced oxidative stress in human melanocytes
Authors: Song Xiuzu , Mosby Nicole , Yang Jennifer , Xu Aie , Abdel‐Malek Zalfa , Kadekaro Ana Luisa 
Published: July 2009

SummaryExposure of cultured human melanocytes to ultraviolet radiation (UV) results in DNA damage. In melanoma, UV‐signature mutations resulting from unrepaired photoproducts are rare, suggesting the possible involvement of oxidative DNA damage in melanocyte malignant transformation. Here we present data demonstrating immediate dose‐dependent generation of hydrogen peroxide in UV‐irradiated melanocytes, which correlated directly with a decrease in catalase activity. Pretreatment of melanocytes with α‐melanocortin (α‐MSH) reduced the UV‐induced generation of 7,8‐dihydro‐8‐oxyguanine (8‐oxodG), a major form of oxidative DNA damage. Pretreatment with α‐MSH also increased the protein levels of catalase and ferritin. The effect of α‐MSH on 8‐oxodG induction was mediated by activation of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), as it was absent in melanocytes expressing loss‐of‐function MC1R, and blocked by concomitant treatment with an analog of agouti signaling protein (ASIP), ASIP‐YY. This study provides unequivocal evidence for induction of oxidative DNA damage by UV in human melanocytes and reduction of this damage by α‐MSH. Our data unravel some mechanisms by which α‐MSH protects melanocytes from oxidative DNA damage, which partially explain the strong association of loss‐of‐function MC1R with melanoma.
Intensity of leisure-time physical activity and cancer mortality in men
Authors: Laukkanen J A , Rauramaa R , Mäkikallio T H , Toriola A T , Kurl S 
Published: July 2009

ObjectiveThere is a lack of evidence to show the role of exercise intensity in the prevention of cancer mortality because no previous studies have shown this relation. The relationship of leisure-time physical activity with cancer mortality was therefore assessed.MethodsParticipants were from a population-based sample of 2560 men from eastern Finland with no history of cancer at baseline. Physical activity was assessed using the 12-month leisure-time physical activity questionnaire. During an average follow-up of 16.7 years, a total of 181 cancer related deaths occurred.ResultsAn increase of 1.2 metabolic units (MET or metabolic equivalents of oxygen consumption; 1 SD in metabolic equivalents) in the mean intensity of leisure-time physical activity was related to a decrease (relative risk (RR) 0.85, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.99) in cancer mortality mainly due to lung and gastrointestinal cancers, after adjustment for age, examination year, alcohol consumption, smoking, body mass index and energy, fibre and fat intake. Men with leisure-time physical activity of more than 5.2 MET (highest quartile) had a lower (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.99) cancer mortality compared with men whose mean intensity of physical activity was less than 3.7 MET (lowest quartile). The mean intensity of physical activity was related to the risk of cancer death among men who exercised at least 30 minutes per day on average.ConclusionsThis prospective study indicates that the mean intensity of leisure-time physical activity is inversely associated with the risk of premature death from cancer in men.
TWISTED QUANTUM FIELDS ON MOYAL AND WICK–VOROS PLANES ARE INEQUIVALENT
Authors: BALACHANDRAN A. P. , MARTONE M. 
Published: July 2009

The Moyal and Wick–Voros planes [Formula: see text] are *-isomorphic. On each of these planes the Poincaré group acts as a Hopf algebra symmetry if its coproducts are deformed by twist factors [Formula: see text]. We show that the *-isomorphism [Formula: see text] also does not map the corresponding twists of the Poincaré group algebra. The quantum field theories on these planes with twisted Poincaré–Hopf symmetries are thus inequivalent. We explicitly verify this result by showing that a nontrivial dependence on the noncommutative parameter is present for the Wick–Voros plane in a self-energy diagram whereas it is known to be absent on the Moyal plane (in the absence of gauge fields).1–3Our results differ from those of Ref. 4 because of differences in the treatments of quantum field theories.
A Hybrid Extragradient Viscosity Approximation Method for Solving Equilibrium Problems and Fixed Point Problems of Infinitely Many Nonexpansive Mappings
Authors: Jaiboon Chaichana , Kumam Poom 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe introduce a new hybrid extragradient viscosity approximation method for finding the common element of the set of equilibrium problems, the set of solutions of fixed points of an infinitely many nonexpansive mappings, and the set of solutions of the variational inequality problems for "Equation missing"-inverse-strongly monotone mapping in Hilbert spaces. Then, we prove the strong convergence of the proposed iterative scheme to the unique solution of variational inequality, which is the optimality condition for a minimization problem. Results obtained in this paper improve the previously known results in this area.
Intratumoral Induction of CD103 Triggers Tumor-Specific CTL Function and CCR5-Dependent T-Cell Retention
Authors: Franciszkiewicz Katarzyna , Le Floc'h Audrey , Jalil Abdelali , Vigant Frédéric , Robert Thomas , Vergnon Isabelle , Mackiewicz Andrzej , Benihoud Karim , Validire Pierre , Chouaib Salem , Combadière Christophe , Mami-Chouaib Fathia 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe have reported previously that the interaction of αE(CD103)β7 integrin, expressed on a CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) clone but not on a peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) counterpart, with the epithelial marker E-cadherin on human lung tumor cells plays a crucial role in T-cell receptor–mediated cytotoxicity. We show here that both TIL and PBL clones are able to migrate toward autologous tumor cells and that chemokine receptor CCR5 is involved in this process. Adoptive transfer of the PBL clone in the cognate tumor engrafted in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice and subsequent coengagement of T-cell receptor and transforming growth factor-β1 receptor triggers CD103 expression on T-cell surface resulting in strong potentiation of antitumor lytic function. Moreover, interaction of αEβ7 integrin with E-cadherin, but not lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 with intercellular adhesion molecule-1, promotes CCR5 recruitment at the immunologic synapse formed between TIL and tumor cells, leading to inhibition of T-cell sensitivity to CCL5 chemotactic gradient. These results provide evidence for a role of tumor microenvironment, namely MHC class I–restricted antigen presentation and transforming growth factor-β1 secretion, in regulating the effector phase of tumor-specific CTL response. They also suggest a unique role of CD103 in T-cell retention at the tumor site by a CCR5-dependent mechanism. [Cancer Res 2009;69(15):6249–55]
Starving the Addiction: New Opportunities for Durable Suppression of AR Signaling in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Knudsen Karen E. , Scher Howard I. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Clinical data and models of human disease indicate that androgen receptor (AR) activity is essential for prostate cancer development, growth, and progression. The dependence of prostatic adenocarcinoma on AR signaling at all stages of disease has thereby been exploited in the treatment of disseminated tumors, for which ablation of AR function is the goal of first-line therapy. Although these strategies are initially effective, recurrent tumors arise with restored AR activity, and no durable treatment has yet been identified to combat this stage of disease. New insights into AR regulation and the mechanisms underlying resurgent AR activity have provided fertile ground for the development of novel strategies to more effectively inhibit receptor activity and prolong the transition to therapeutic failure.
Sequence Variant Discovery in DNA Repair Genes from Radiosensitive and Radiotolerant Prostate Brachytherapy Patients
Authors: Pugh Trevor J. , Keyes Mira , Barclay Lorena , Delaney Allen , Krzywinski Martin , Thomas Dallas , Novik Karen , Yang Cindy , Agranovich Alexander , McKenzie Michael , Morris W. Jim , Olive Peggy L. , Marra Marco A. , Moore Richard A. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Purpose: The presence of intrinsic radiosensitivity within prostate cancer patients may be an important factor contributing to development of radiation toxicity. We investigated whether variants in genes responsible for detecting and repairing DNA damage independently contribute to toxicity following prostate brachytherapy.
Experimental Design: Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of 41 prostate brachytherapy patients, 21 with high and 20 with low late toxicity scores. For each patient, 242 PCR amplicons were generated containing 173 exons of eight candidate genes: ATM, BRCA1, ERCC2, H2AFX, LIG4, MDC1, MRE11A, and RAD50. These amplicons were sequenced and all sequence variants were subjected to statistical analysis to identify those associated with late radiation toxicity.
Results: Across 41 patients, 239 sites differed from the human genome reference sequence; 170 of these corresponded to known polymorphisms. Sixty variants, 14 of them novel, affected protein coding regions and 43 of these were missense mutations. In our patient population, the high toxicity group was enriched for individuals with at least one LIG4 coding variant (P = 0.028). One synonymous variant in MDC1, rs28986317, was associated with increased radiosensitivity (P = 0.048). A missense variant in ATM, rs1800057, associated with increased prostate cancer risk, was found exclusively in two high toxicity patients but did not reach statistical significance for association with radiosensitivity (P = 0.488).
Conclusions: Our data revealed new germ-line sequence variants, indicating that existing sequence databases do not fully represent the full extent of sequence variation. Variants in three DNA repair genes were linked to increased radiosensitivity but require validation in larger populations.
Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with KS-IL2 Immunocytokine (EMD 273066) Results in an Enhanced Antitumor Effect against Murine Colon Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Johnson Erik E. , Yamane Brett H. , Buhtoiarov Ilia N. , Lum Hillary D. , Rakhmilevich Alexander L. , Mahvi David M. , Gillies Stephen D. , Sondel Paul M. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a common treatment modality for surgically unresectable tumors. However, there is a high rate of both local and systemic recurrence.
Experimental Design: In this preclinical study, we sought to enhance the antitumor effect of RFA by combining it with huKS-IL2 immunocytokine [tumor-specific monoclonal antibody fused to interleukin-2 (IL2)] in mice bearing CT26-KS colon adenocarcinoma. Mice were treated with RFA, huKS-IL2 via intratumoral injection, or combination therapy.
Results: Treatment of mice bearing s.c. tumors with RFA and huKS-IL2 resulted in significantly greater tumor growth suppression and enhanced survival compared with mice treated with RFA or huKS-IL2 alone. When subtherapeutic regimens of RFA or huKS-IL2 were used, tumors progressed in all treated mice. In contrast, the combination of RFA and immunocytokine resulted in complete tumor resolution in 50% of mice. Treatment of a tumor with RFA and intratumoral huKS-IL2 also showed antitumor effects against a distant untreated tumor. Tumor-free mice after treatment with RFA and huKS-IL2 showed immunologic memory based on their ability to reject subsequent challenges of CT26-KS and the more aggressive parental CT26 tumors. Flow cytometry analysis of tumor-reactive T cells from mice with complete tumor resolution showed that treatment with RFA and huKS-IL2 resulted in a greater proportion of cytokine-producing CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells compared with mice treated with RFA or huKS-IL2 alone.
Conclusions: These results show that the addition of huKS-IL2 to RFA significantly enhances the antitumor response in this murine model, resulting in complete tumor resolution and induction of immunologic memory.
A First-in-Man Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study on CHR-2797 (Tosedostat), an Inhibitor of M1 Aminopeptidases, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Reid Alison H.M. , Protheroe Andrew , Attard Gerhardt , Hayward Nikki , Vidal Laura , Spicer James , Shaw Heather M. , Bone Elizabeth A. , Carter Joanne , Hooftman Leon , Harris Adrian , De Bono Johann S. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary therapeutic activity profile of CHR-2797 (tosedostat), a novel, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the M1 family of aminopeptidases with antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity in vitro.
Experimental Design: A phase I study of accelerated titration design that escalated through nine doses (10-320 mg) in patients (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, ≤2) with advanced solid tumors. CHR-2797 was administered once daily.
Results: Forty patients (median age, 60 years; range, 24-80 years; male, 27; female, 13) were treated in 12 cohorts with once daily doses (10-320 mg). Dose-limiting toxicities were thrombocytopenia, dizziness, and visual abnormalities in one patient, and anemia, blurred vision, and vomiting in a second patient at 320 mg, resulting in an inability to complete 28 days of study drug. The most commonly observed toxicities were fatigue, diarrhea, peripheral edema, nausea, dizziness, and constipation. One patient had a partial response (renal cell carcinoma) and four patients had stable disease for &gt;6 months. CHR-2797 and its active metabolite, CHR-79888, show dose-proportional increases in plasma AUC and Cmax. The terminal half-life for CHR-2797 is ∼1 to 3.5 hours and between 6 and 11 hours for CHR-79888. Intracellular (packed blood cells) exposure to CHR-79888 is consistent with intracellular levels that proved to be efficacious in xenograft models.
Conclusion: CHR-2797 is well tolerated and can be safely administered at doses that result in intracellular levels of CHR-79888 that are associated with activity in preclinical models. The recommended dose for single agent therapy in solid tumors is 240 mg/d.
Valproic Acid at Therapeutic Plasma Levels May Increase 5-Azacytidine Efficacy in Higher Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Voso Maria Teresa , Santini Valeria , Finelli Carlo , Musto Pellegrino , Pogliani Enrico , Angelucci Emanuele , Fioritoni Giuseppe , Alimena Giuliana , Maurillo Luca , Cortelezzi Agostino , Buccisano Francesco , Gobbi Marco , Borin Lorenza , Di Tucci Anna , Zini Gina , Petti Maria Concetta , Martinelli Giovanni , Fabiani Emiliano , Fazi Paola , Vignetti Marco , Piciocchi Alfonso , Liso Vincenzo , Amadori Sergio , Leone Giuseppe 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Epigenetic changes play a role and cooperate with genetic alterations in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We conducted a phase II multicenter study on the combination of the DNA-methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) and the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) in patients with higher risk MDS.
Experimental Design: We enrolled 62 patients with MDS (refractory anemia with excess blasts, 39 patients; refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation, 19 patients; and chronic myelomanocytic leukemia (CMML), 4 patients) and an International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) rating of Intermediate-2 (42 patients) or high (20 patients). VPA was given to reach a plasma concentration of &gt;50 μg/mL, then 5-AZA was added s.c. at 75 mg/m2 for 7 days in eight monthly cycles.
Results: The median overall survival was 14.4 months. At a median follow-up of 12 months (range, 0.7-21.0), the disease progressed in 20 patients, with 21% cumulative incidence of progression. Of 26 patients who completed eight cycles, 30.7% obtained complete or partial remission, 15.4% had a major hematologic improvement, whereas 38.5% showed stable disease. Drug-related toxicity was mild. Favorable prognostic factors for survival were IPSS Intermediate-2 and plasma VPA of ≥50 μg/mL (log rank = 0.013 and 0.007, respectively). Analysis of polymorphisms important for the metabolism of the drugs used in the trial showed that carriers of the CYP2C19*2 variant of cytochrome P450 required higher VPA doses to achieve the target VPA plasma concentration of 50 μg/mL on day 1 of 5-AZA treatment (P = 0.0021).
Conclusion: Our data show that the 5-AZA/VPA combination is active and safe in patients with MDS with a poor prognosis. Achievement of VPA therapeutic levels may indeed increase 5-AZA efficacy.