bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of different process variables for the production of an indolizidine alkaloid, swainsonine from Metarhizium anisopliae
Authors: Singh Digar , Kaur Gurvinder 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSwainsonine is a polyhydroxylated indolizidine alkaloid having anticancer, antimetastatic, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities and also potential therapeutic applications against AIDS. In the present study, ten isolates of M. anisopliae were screened and enzyme assayed for the production of swainsonine in different media (Complex oatmeal, Czapekdox media with and without lysine (8% w/v) and Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB)). Among these strains, ARSEF 1724 (UM8) was found to produce highest amount of swainsonine (1.34 μg/l) after 72 h of incubation under shake flask conditions at 180 rpm and 28 °C in complex oatmeal media. In order to maximize the yield of swainsonine the media composition including macro and micronutrients were optimized. The process variables including the chemical factors like carbon sources, nitrogen sources of both organic and inorganic nature and pH with constant inoculum size (1 × 108 spores/ml) were screened using classical one‐factor‐at‐a‐time (OFAT) approach to find their optimum levels. The present study shows that the nutrient requirement is specific for each strain of Metarhizium. Oatmeal extract (6%) was found to be the best supporting media along with nitrogen source, glucose (2%) as best carbon source and pH (∼5) as the best for swainsonine production. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Proton pumping ATPase mediated fungicidal activity of two essential oil components
Authors: Bhatia Rimple , Shreaz Sheikh , Khan Neelofar , Muralidhar Sumathi , Basir Seemi F , Manzoor Nikhat , Khan Luqman A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis work evaluates the antifungal activity of two essential oil components against 28 clinical isolates (17 sensitive, 11 resistant) and 3 standard laboratory strains of Candida. Growth of the organisms was significantly effected in both solid and liquid media at different test compound concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Isoeugenol (compound 1) against 31 strains of Candida ranged 100–250 μg/ml and those of o ‐methoxy cinnamaldehyde (compound 2) ranged 200–500 μg/ml, respectively. Insight studies to mechanism suggested that these compounds exert antifungal activity by targeting H+‐ATPase located in the membranes of pathogenic Candida species. At their respective MIC90 average inhibition of H+‐efflux for standard, clinical and resistant isolates caused by compound 1 and compound 2 was 70%, 74%, 82% and 42%, 42% and 43%. Respective inhibition of H+‐efflux by fluconazole (5 μg/ml) was 94%, 92% and 10%. Inhibition of H+‐ATPase leads to intracellular acidification and cell death. SEM analysis of Candida cells showed cell membrane breakage and alterations in morphology. Haemolytic activity on human erythrocytes was studied to exclude the possibility of further associated cytotoxicity. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Contextualizing the trauma experience of women immigrants from Central America, South America, and Mexico
Authors: Kaltman Stacey , Hurtado de Mendoza Alejandra , Gonzales Felisa A. , Serrano Adriana , Guarnaccia Peter J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTrauma has been understudied among Latina immigrants from Central and South America. This study examined the types and context of trauma exposure experienced by immigrant women from Central America, South America, and Mexico living in the United States. Twenty‐eight women seeking care in primary care or social service settings completed life history interviews. The majority of the women reported some type of trauma exposure in their countries of origin, during immigration, and/or in the United States. In the interviews, we identified types of trauma important to the experience of these immigrants that are not queried by trauma assessments typically used in the United States. We also identified factors that are likely to amplify the impact of trauma exposure. The study highlights the importance of utilizing a contextualized approach when assessing trauma exposure among immigrant women.
Comparative hepatic proteome analysis between lean and obese rats fed a high‐fat diet reveals the existence of gender differences
Authors: Wang Xia , Choi Jung‐Won , Oh Tae Seok , Choi Duk Kwon , Mukherjee Rajib , Liu Hao , Yun Jong Won 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGender differences in obesity stem from metabolic and hormonal differences between sexes and contribute to differences between women and men in health risks attributable to obesity. We hypothesized that liver may be an ideal target for the evaluation of gender differences in obesity development in response to a high‐fat diet (HFD). Therefore, to test this hypothesis, we performed a global proteome analysis in the liver of lean and obese rats of both genders who were fed an HFD through 2‐DE combined with MALDI‐TOF‐MS. When rats were exposed to HFD, male rats gained more body weight with increased values of plasma biochemical parameters than female rats. Image analysis and further statistical analysis of a 2‐DE protein map allowed for the detection and identification of 34 proteins that were significantly modulated in a gender‐dependent manner. We found 19 proteins showing identical gender‐different regulation in both normal diet (ND) and HFD. Five proteins also showed clear gender differences in both ND and HFD; however, their regulation modes in HFD were opposite to those in ND. Of particular interest, 10 proteins showed gender differences only in either ND or HFD rats. Present proteomic insight into gender‐dimorphic protein modulation in liver would aid in the improvement of gender awareness in the health‐care system and in implementation of evidence‐based gender‐specific clinical recommendations.
Differential role of calmodulin and calcium ions in the stabilization of the catalytic domain of adenyl cyclase CyaA from Bordetella pertussis
Authors: Selwa Edithe , Laine Elodie , Malliavin Thérèse E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe catalytic adenyl cyclase (AC) domain of the protein CyaA from Bordetella pertussis is activated by interaction with the C terminal lobe of calmodulin (C‐CaM). The AC/C‐CaM complex displays an elongated shape, but hydrodynamics measurements on the isolated AC domain allowed to characterize the shape of the protein as spherical. Here, we study by molecular dynamics simulations the complexes between AC and the apo and Ca2+‐loaded C‐CaM, as well as the isolated AC, to characterize the features of AC conformational variability and of AC/C‐CaM interaction. The removal of calcium ions from C‐CaM increases the AC flexibility, but the removal of C‐CaM induces a dramatic drift of the AC conformation. Isolated AC conformations show a general tendency to become less elongated, as the two protein extremities (regions SA and CB) tend to get closer. An analysis of the energetic influences between the C‐CaM and the AC regions shows a simple influence scheme, in agreement with the high affinity of AC to CaM. In this scheme, a single influence is observed from C‐CaM to the region CA of the AC domain. This influence is correlated to the presence of hydrogen bonds involving residues from C‐CaM, and from regions CA, C‐terminal tail, and catalytic loop of AC. This study reveals a C‐CaM/AC interaction picture where C‐CaM stabilizes AC by a steric hindrance on the conformational drift of SA, whereas the Ca2+ ions allow further stabilization by the establishment of a hydrogen bond network extending from C‐CaM to the AC catalytic loop. Proteins 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct Synthesis and Characterization of New Copper(II) and Zinc(II) 5‐R‐Tetrazolato Complexes [R = Me, Ph, 4‐Py] with Ethylenediamine and DMSO as Coligands
Authors: Mosalkova Anastasiya P. , Voitekhovich Sergei V. , Lyakhov Alexander S. , Ivashkevich Ludmila S. , Gaponik Pavel N. , Ivashkevich Oleg A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThree novel 5‐R‐tetrazolato complexes (R = Me, Ph, 4‐Py), namely [Zn2(MeCN4)4(DMSO)2] (1), [Cu2(PhCN4)4(en)2]·2DMSO (2), and [Cu(4‐PyCN4)2(DMSO)2]·4DMSO (3), were isolated as unexpected products under attempts to prepare heterometallic tetrazolates using a direct synthesis strategy in the Cu0‐ZnO‐en‐RCN4H‐DMSO system (en = ethylenediamine). The prepared compounds were characterized by elemental, single‐crystal X‐ray, and thermal analyses, and IR spectroscopy. Variation of the 5‐substituent of the tetrazole ring causes different composition of complexes 1–3 and diverse coordination modes of 5‐R‐tetrazolato ligands. Complex 1 is a 3D coordination polymer due to N1, N4‐bridging of 5‐methyltetrazolato anions. Complex 2, with en as a coligand, has a dinuclear structure with two copper atoms linked together by two 5‐phenyltetrazolato ligands by tetrazole N2, N3 bridges. Complex 3 represents a 2D coordination polymer, formed due to 5‐(4‐pyridyl)tetrazolato bridges between adjacent copper atoms (with the tetrazole and pyridine rings nitrogen atoms as coordination centers). DMSO molecules, included in all the compounds, are solvate and/or coordinated ones.
7.—William Carmichael M'Intosh, nonagenarian.
Authors: Merriman Daniel 
Published: December 2011

SynopsisThe accomplishments and writings by M'Intosh (1838–1931) of St Andrews are recounted in some detail. His major contribution in pure zoology was on marine Annelids, notably the (at that time included) Nemertinea. In fisheries biology his work on the effects of beam-trawling on the Scottish sea-fisheries as directed by a Royal Commission led him to a detailed description of the pelagic eggs and larvae of the major British marine food fishes. From this he came to the conclusion that, with some exceptions, the fauna of the open sea appeared to be independent of man's influence, and in this connection he demanded that regulatory measures be based only on scientific fact. Though his major contributions were in descriptive marine zoology, he never lacked the courage of his convictions on matters of theory and practice.
23.—Oceanographic Activities in the Geophysics Branch, Office of Naval Research, 1950–1959.
Authors: Lill Gordon 
Published: December 2011

SynopsisFor a full decade, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) led the United States into the development of science by research contract. Marine geophysics and oceanography were a part of this, as were the solid earth sciences and meteorology.By 1950, ONR was firmly established, World War II seemed far behind, and oceanographers in the United States were enthusiastically looking forward to what turned out to be ten years of their most productive work. By combining oceanographic talent and ONR funds and logistics, there was created one of the most effective systems yet invented for accomplishing science and technology at sea.New institutions were established, old institutions revived, fleets were designed, deep diving initiated, ocean monitoring begun, Arctic oceanography started, expeditions mounted, and discoveries made which, when coupled with other knowledge, were to contribute to far-reaching consequences for the earth sciences and how we now view our geophysically active planet.The oceanographers will speak for themselves. This paper presents only the view from Washington at the time, and how at least some of the activity there helped to make possible the Great Decade of Oceanographic Development, 1950–59.
27.—Historical Development of Diving and its Contribution to Marine Science and Research.
Authors: Heberlein Hermann 
Published: December 2011

One of the first diving attempts in connection with marine exploration was started some 400 km from Edinburgh. On September 8, 1820, the Swiss physician Louis- Theodore Colladon [1] submerged in a diving-bell 10 m deep to the bottom of the sea at Howth, near Dublin (Ireland). During an hour's stay under water he observed and measured the ground. Being a diving doctor, he did not only take an interest in technical dates concerning the diving-bell, but he also kept a diary where he noted the professional divers inside the bell were supplied with additional nourishment as bread and brandy ‘in order to regain soonest their lost strength’.This paved the way for human entry into the sea, and henceforth science and research could be extended from the continents to the submarine field. People became aware of the ocean's importance which covers 71 per cent, of the terrestrial globe. Men invaded the element from where all life on earth seemed to descend.
On the History of Recording Tide Gauges
Authors: Matthäus Wolfgang 
Published: December 2011

SynopsisRecords of water levels date from the first hydrospheric observations. The levels of inland and coastal waters are recorded with the use of tide gauges of various types and construction. The float-level gauge, however, is by far the most frequently used.The oldest self-recording tide gauge was constructed by Henry R. Palmer, civil engineer of the London Dock Company, in 1831. A float resting on the water is placed in a well communicating with the river. The motion of the water surface is transmitted to the recording machine by wheels and shafts which act on a pencil rack. As the water level rises and falls, by the combined motions of a clock and the tide the pencil produces a line as a function of time.Even today this principle is still used for float-level gauges. It represents the basis of the modern tide gauges for observing sea levels and their variations.In 1831 we find another construction by Mitchell, which was erected in the Sheerness dockyard. A few years later Thomas G. Bunt developed a tide gauge, which was used on the eastern bank of the river Avon near Bristol from 1837 to 1872.In 1834 the first self-recording gauge was erected in France, near Le Havre. On the other continents the first installations were established in Algiers (1834), in the United States and in India (1846), and in Australia (1858)An installation in Hamburg (1861), which was developed by F. H. Reitz the engineer, is identified as the first German construction.In 1870 fifteen tide gauges were known on the shores of the European continent (except the British Isles). By 1883 Carlos Ibañez was using information from approximately 67 tide gauge stations for the determination of the mean sea level around the European mainland. Today we find more than 300 installations in Europe, about three-quarters of which are working in north-western European waters and in the Baltic.
Salinity Distribution in the Tay Estuary.
Authors: Williams D. J. A. , West J. R. 
Published: December 2011

SynopsisSalinity distribution in the Tay estuary measured during the years 1969–70 is influenced by freshwater flow and tidal range. Between Pool and Flisk, tidal-depth-mean salinity is a strong function of river flow but is much less influenced by tidal range. The relationship between salinity range (difference between maximum and minimum depth-mean salinities) and tidal range can be approximated by a linear function. The observed vertical salinity distribution varies with tidal state. The net non-tidal circulation has been estimated at Pool, Broughty Ferry, Newport, Balmerino and Flisk, and found to be dependent on river flow and position.
Recent Technical Advances in Marine Flatfish Farming
Authors: Kerr N. M. 
Published: December 2011

SYNOPSISProgress in the development of marine flatfish farming suggests that, for two species, commercial viability is becoming a real possibility.Dover sole can be reared in tanks on shore supplied with warmed water from the cooling of coastal power stations. Turbot can be reared likewise, or in cages floating in the sea.The main area in which problems remain is in the controlled production of juveniles in hatcheries on shore, but recent progress has been good.There is a good potential in the UK for marine fish farming, with probable sites available for an annual output of all species of up to around 50,000 tonnes p.a. At this level, or even at 25% of this level, the requirement for the catching of fish as farm fodder would become significant to the fishing industry.This paper describes only those aspects of progress or outstanding problems which, in the author's opinion, are of major significance in economic terms.
Palmyra – Epigraphy and religion. A review article
Authors: Lieu Samuel N. C. 
Published: December 2011

The Religious Life of Palmyra, By Ted Kaizer. (Oriens et Occidens 4), pp. 305, 7 pls. Stuttgart, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2002.Palmyra (ancient Tadmor) is undoubtedly one of the most glamorous of Graeco-Roman cities in the Near East and probably the most visited of all historical sites in the modern Republic of Syria. It has long been recognised as a major centre of Semitic religious cults which flourished particularly when the city was politically within the orbis Romanus. Its semi-independent political status and its retention of Aramaic as a major day-to-day language of commerce and administration certainly helped to guarantee the continuation of its Semitic cultural traditions and religious life.
How do Galaxies get their Baryons?
Authors: Conselice Christopher J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUnderstanding how galaxies obtain baryons, their stars and gas, over cosmic time is traditionally approached in two different ways - theoretically and observationally. In general, observational approaches to galaxy formation include measuring basic galaxy properties, such as luminosities, stellar masses, rotation speeds, star formation rates and how these features evolve through time. Theoretically, cosmologically based models collate the physical effects driving galaxy assembly - mergers of galaxies, accretion of gas, star formation, and feedback, amongst others, to form predictions which are matched to galaxy observables. An alternative approach is to examine directly, in an observational way, the processes driving galaxy assembly, including the effects of feedback. This is a new ‘third way’ towards understanding how galaxies are forming from gas accretion and mergers, and directly probes these effects instead of relying on simulations designed to reproduce observations. This empirical approach towards understanding galaxy formation, including the acquisition history of baryons, displays some significant differences with the latest galaxy formation models, in addition to directly demonstrating the mechanisms by which galaxies form most of their baryonic mass.
The Evolution of Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies: Disks or Spheroids?
Authors: Pisano D. J. , Rabidoux K. , Garland C. A. , Guzmán R. , Castander F. J. , Pérez-Gallego J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLuminous compact blue galaxies (LCBGs) are a diverse class of galaxies characterized by high luminosity, blue color, and high surface brightness that sit at the critical juncture of galaxies evolving from the blue to the red sequence. As part of our multi-wavelength survey of local LCBGs, we have been studying the HI content of these galaxies using both single-dish telescopes and interferometers. Our goals are to determine if single-dish HI observations represent a true measure of the dynamical mass of LCBGs and to look for signatures of recent interactions that may be triggering star formation in LCBGs. Our data show that while some LCBGs are undergoing interactions, many appear isolated. While all LCBGs contain HI and show signatures of rotation, the population does not lie on the Tully-Fisher relation nor can it evolve onto it. Furthermore, the HI maps of many LCBGs show signatures of dynamically hot components, suggesting that we are seeing the formation of a thick disk or spheroid in at least some LCBGs. There is good agreement between the HI and Hα kinematics for LCBGs, and both are similar in appearance to the Hα kinematics of high redshift star-forming galaxies. Our combined data suggest that star formation in LCBGs is primarily quenched by virial heating, consistent with model predictions.
LSST Observations of RR Lyrae Stars for Mapping the Galactic Halo
Authors: Oluseyi Hakeem M. , Becker Andrew C. , Culliton Christopher C. , Furqan Muhammad , Hoadley Keri L. , Regencia Paul , Wells Akeem J. , Jones Lynne , Krughoff Simon , Sesar Branimir , Jacoby Suzanne 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is an anticipated to undertake a 10–year, 3π steradian survey that promises to observe millions of new periodic variable stars. We report on a study to determine the efficiency of the LSST to recover the light curve properties of RR Lyrae stars. An LSST light curve simulation tool was used to sample input idealized light curves or RR Lyrae stars observed in SDSS Stripe 82 data, returning each as it would have been observed by LSST, including realistic photometric scatter, limiting magnitudes, and telescope downtime. Our results show that the LSST will be capable of mapping the spatial distributions and chemical compositions of halo stellar overdensities using RR Lyrae discovered across 3π steradians and out to nearly 1.5 Mpc. LSST will thus enable the mapping of halo merger streams, the discovery of new dwarf galaxies, and the mapping galactic halos throughout the Local Group galaxies.
Breaking down the link between luminous and dark matter in massive galaxies
Authors: Foucaud Sébastien , Conselice Christopher J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe present a study on the clustering of a stellar mass selected sample of galaxies with stellar masses M* > 1010M⊙ at redshifts 0.4 < z < 2.0, taken from the Palomar Observatory Wide-field Infrared Survey. We examine the clustering properties of these stellar mass selected samples as a function of redshift and stellar mass, and find that galaxies with high stellar masses have a progressively higher clustering strength than galaxies with lower stellar masses. We also find that galaxies within a fixed stellar mass range have a higher clustering strength at higher redshifts. We further estimate the average total masses of the dark matter haloes hosting these stellar-mass selected galaxies. For all galaxies in our sample the stellar-mass-to-total-mass ratio is always lower than the universal baryonic mass fraction and the stellar-mass-to-total-mass ratio is strongly correlated with the halo masses for central galaxies, such that more massive haloes contain a lower fraction of their mass in the form of stars. The remaining baryonic mass is included partially in stars within satellite galaxies in these haloes, and as diffuse hot and warm gas. We also find that, at a fixed stellar mass, the stellar-to-total-mass ratio increases at lower redshifts. This suggests that galaxies at a fixed stellar mass form later in lower mass dark matter haloes, and earlier in massive haloes. We interpret this as a ‘halo downsizing’ effect.