bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primates in traditional folk medicine: a world overview
Authors: ALVES Rômulo R. N. , SOUTO Wedson M. S. , BARBOZA Raynner R. D. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTAlmost 50% of primate species are in danger of becoming extinct, according to the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. This is partly because of their consumption by humans. The reasons for hunting vary by region. One pretext is the medicinal or magical value of products derived from these animals.In this paper, we provide an overview of the global use of primates in traditional folk medicines as well as identifying the species used as remedies associated with folk beliefs. Some important questions relating to the conservation of primates are addressed.Our results revealed that at least 101 species of primates, which belong to 38 genera and 10 families, were used in traditional folk practices and in magic–religious rituals throughout the world.Of the 101 species of primates recorded in our review, 12 species were classified as Critically Endangered, 23 as Endangered, 22 as Vulnerable, seven as Near Threatened, 36 as Least Concern and one as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List. All species were also included in The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Appendices I or II, although the reasons for their inclusion were not necessarily related to their medicinal use.The widespread utilization of primates in traditional medicine is evidence of the importance of understanding such uses in the context of primate conservation as well as the need for considering socio‐cultural factors when establishing management plans concerning the sustainable use of these mammals.
Choice of calcineurin inhibitor may influence the development of de novo immune hepatitis associated with anti‐GSTT1 antibodies after liver transplantation
Authors: Aguilera Isabel , Sousa Jose M. , Praena Juan M. , Gómez‐Bravo Miguel A. , Núñez‐Roldan Antonio 
Published: March 2010

Aguilera I, Sousa JM, Praena JM, Gómez‐Bravo MA, Núñez‐Roldan A. Choice of calcineurin inhibitor may influence the development of de novo immune hepatitis associated with anti‐GSTT1 antibodies after liver transplantation.  Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 207–212. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  In 2004, we defined the genetic mismatch in the glutathione S‐transferase T1 (GSTT1) gene positive donor/null recipient as a risk factor to develop de novo immune hepatitis (IH) after liver transplant (LT), which is always associated with production of donor‐specific anti‐GSTT1 antibodies. However, there are several unresolved questions, such as why some of these patients produce antibodies, why others do not and why not all of the patients with antibodies develop the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of several variables in the production of anti‐GSTT1 antibodies and/or de novo IH. The study group included 35 liver‐transplanted patients. The number of patients not producing antibodies was significantly higher in the group treated with Tac‐based immunosuppression compared with the CsA‐based group (94.1% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.001). Additionally, a protective effect of the Tac‐based therapy vs. the CsA‐based therapy was observed with regard to development of de novo IH (80.8% vs. 19.2%, p = 0.003). In conclusion, the choice of calcineurin inhibitor may influence the development of de novo IH mediated by anti‐GSTT1 antibodies.
Osteoporosis is a prevalent finding in patients with solid organ failure awaiting transplantation – a population based study
Authors: Dolgos Szilveszter , Hartmann Anders , Isaksen Gunnhild Aker , Simonsen Svein , Bjørtuft Øystein , Boberg Kirsten M. , Bollerslev Jens 
Published: March 2010

Dolgos S, Hartmann A, Isaksen GA, Simonsen S, Bjørtuft Ø, Boberg KM, Bollerslev J. Osteoporosis is a prevalent finding in patients with solid organ failure awaiting transplantation – a population based study Clin Transplant 2010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2010.01231.x. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Post‐transplant bone disease is common in solid organ recipients; however, there is limited information on their pre‐transplant bone status. We aimed to compare bone mineral density (BMD) in different categories of patients with end‐stage organ failure awaiting transplantation (Tx) in Norway. Overall 291 adult patients were enrolled, including 60, 84, 81 and 66 patients with end‐stage lung, liver, kidney and heart failure, respectively. Mean age was 51 ± 12 yr with no significant differences between the groups. We measured BMD in lumbar spine, femur, proximal one third and ultra‐distal radius by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Differences in T‐ and Z‐scores between the groups were compared by ANOVA. Low bone mass was found in all four groups of patients. Both T‐ and Z‐scores differed (p < 0.05) at all measured sites between the groups. Patients with lung failure had the highest prevalence of osteoporosis (67%) and lowest Z‐scores, followed by patients with liver (31%), kidney (24%), and heart (23%) failure. Osteoporosis is prevalent in all groups of organ transplant candidates, and poor bone health is remarkably pronounced in patients with chronic lung disease. General practitioners and specialists who care for these patients before they are referred for transplantation should consider measures to prevent osteoporosis at an earlier stage.
Human herpes virus type 8‐associated Kaposi sarcoma in a pediatric liver transplant recipient
Authors: Çeltik Coşkun , Ünüvar Ayşegül , Aydoğan Ayşen , Gökçe Selim , Öztürk Gülyüz , Güllüoğlu Mine , Yılmaz Gülden , Türkoğlu Salih , Anak Sema , Sökücü Semra , Durmaz Özlem 
Published: March 2010

Çeltik C, Ünüvar A, Aydoğan A, Gökçe S, Öztürk G, Güllüoğlu M, Yılmaz G, Türkoğlu S, Anak S, Sökücü S, Durmaz Ö. Human herpes virus type 8‐associated Kaposi sarcoma in a pediatric liver transplant recipient. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: E100–E104. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract: Development of KS in pediatric liver transplant recipients is a rare entity and has dismal prognosis. Latent HHV‐8 infection, immunosuppression, and genetic predisposition are possible etiological factors. Decreasing the dose or cessation of immunosuppressive drugs, switching to sirolimus with antiproliferative and antitumor properties, and different chemotherapeutic regimens are the current therapeutic strategies. We herein report a pediatric liver transplant recipient who developed generalized KS at post‐transplant fifth month. The disease had an aggressive course despite the highly toxic chemotherapy. On the other hand, a prompt and durable response was provided by paclitaxel with tolerable side effects. The patient is now free of disease for at least 24 months and healthy with good graft function under sirolimus therapy as maintenance immunosuppression. Instead of highly toxic chemotherapy, paclitaxel can be used as therapeutic option in cases with generalized disease and in those who are unresponsive to conventional chemotherapy. However, new studies are needed to assess the efficacy of the paclitaxel therapy in KS in the liver transplant recipients.
The Function of Male Agonistic Displays in Ursine Colobus Monkeys (Colobus vellerosus): Male Competition, Female Mate Choice or Sexual Coercion?
Authors: Teichroeb Julie A. , Sicotte Pascale 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMale agonistic displays may allow males to assess competitors, females to assess mates, or could be directed at cycling females to sexually coerce them. We analysed the display output of 26 male ursine colobus monkeys (Colobus vellerosus) in four groups over 13‐mo at the Boabeng‐Fiema Monkey Sanctuary, Ghana. Display indices (including three behaviours, loud calls, stiff‐legs, and jump‐displays) were calculated for males in each group. Males vary in their expression of these behaviours suggesting they are sexually selected signals. We investigated the target of displays and whether display indices varied in relation to male dominance rank, eviction of other males, copulation rate, and proceptive behaviours received from females, to assess the primary function of these behaviours. Male displays decreased in vigour over time and were targeted to other groups and males. High‐ranking males displayed more than low‐ranking males. Alpha male display indices correlated with the number of other males evicted from the group. Display rates were generally higher when cycling females were present in the group. However, neither male display index nor rank correlated with copulation rates. Alpha and non‐alpha males gave cycling females equal rates of sexual solicitations; likewise cycling females showed no difference in the rates of proceptive behaviours directed towards alpha and non‐alpha males. Females mated promiscuously and did not seem to base mating decisions on male display output, although data on female hormones is needed to determine if they mate with strongly displaying males more in the periovulatory period. The male–male competition hypothesis received the greatest support, with some support for the female mate choice hypothesis. Although behaviours that appeared sexually coercive were observed, the function of male displays did not seem to be sexual coercion. Displays were rarely directed at females and males that displayed more did not have greater mating success.
A Eucalyptus bacterial wilt isolate from South Africa is pathogenic on Arabidopsis and manipulates host defences
Authors: Naidoo S. , Fouché‐Weich J. , Law P. , Denby K. J. , Marco Y. , Berger D. K. 
Published: March 2010

Summary Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, has been reported from Eucalyptus plantations in at least three countries in Africa. The lack of genomics resources in Eucalyptus species led us to develop and study a pathosystem between a previously characterized South African isolate and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Ralstonia solanacearum BCCF401 isolated from a Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis hybrid was shown to cause disease on A. thaliana ecotype Col‐5. Arabidopsis genomics tools were exploited to investigate gene expression changes during wilt disease development, and thereby develop hypotheses that can be tested in Eucalyptus once genomics resources are available. Transcriptome analysis using 5000 A. thaliana ESTs was performed and revealed 141 genes that were differentially regulated by R. solanacearum infection (at a significance threshold of p < 0.03; Bonferroni corrected). A software tool ‘Rank Correlation Comparer’ was developed to compare expression profiles with Arabidopsis Affymetrix NASCArray data. High correlations were observed between the response of Arabidopsis plants to both Eucalyptus (BCCF401) and tomato (GMI1000) isolates of R. solanacearum, as well as to Pseudomonas syringae, Botrytis cinerea and treatment with abscisic acid. Basal defence responses in Col‐5 in response to R. solanacearum were investigated by comparing the expression data following R. solanacearum infection to data after treatment with the Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP) flg22 and lipopolysaccharide, and the Type Three Secretion System deficient Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato hrp− mutant. A subset of the genes which were induced by PAMPs were repressed by R. solanacearum infection, and vice versa, suggesting that these genes may be repressed or induced, respectively, by specific R. solanacearum effectors. We hypothesize that these genes represent targets of R. solanacearum effectors. The pending release of the Eucalyptus genome sequence will enable orthologues to be identified and these hypotheses to be tested in Eucalyptus trees.
Variation of gynogenic ability in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) accessions
Authors: Rêgo M. M. , Rêgo E. R. , Bruckner C. H. , Otoni W. C. , Pedroza C. M. 
Published: March 2010

With 3 figures and 3 tables AbstractHaploid induction in passion fruit via gynogenesis provides inbred lines that can be used in production of hybrid cultivars. In the present study, gynogenesis was induced in 11 hybrid lines of passion fruit from Southern Brazil. The overall goal of this experiment was to characterize the gynogenic responsiveness of 10 hybrids and a particular accession (II‐10), derived from line CI‐6, a highly responsive accession. The results from the gynogenic induction of 3226 ovules cultured showed significant differences among genotypes. The accession II‐10 was highly responsive, showing a mean yield of 21 haploid embryos per 274 cultured ovules (7.67%). The high embryo yield of this genotype was determined by its parental particular genotype. However, the induction rate of gynogenic embryos obtained from the hybrid plant (I‐20), which is derived from the responsive plant (CI‐6) also produced gynogenic embryos (5.02%) and several calli lines. The choice of genotypes as donor plants and inheritance for successful gynogenesis are discussed. The haploidy (2n = 1x = 9) of gynogenic plants was confirmed by cytological analysis.
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy: Consensus statement of a working party of the Indian National Association for Study of the Liver
Authors: Dhiman Radha K , Saraswat Vivek A , Sharma Barjesh K , Sarin Shiv K , Chawla Yogesh K , Butterworth Roger , Duseja Ajay , Aggarwal Rakesh , Amarapurkar Deepak , Sharma Praveen , Madan Kaushal , Shah Samir , Seth Avnish K , Gupta Rakesh K , Koshy Abraham , Rai Ramesh R , Dilawari Jang B. , Mishra Sri Prakash , Acharya Subrat K 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major complication that develops in some form and at some stage in a majority of patients with liver cirrhosis. Overt HE occurs in approximately 30–45% of cirrhotic patients. Minimal HE (MHE), the mildest form of HE, is characterized by subtle motor and cognitive deficits and impairs health‐related quality of life. The Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL) set up a Working Party on MHE in 2008 with a mandate to develop consensus guidelines on various aspects of MHE relevant to clinical practice. Questions related to the definition of MHE, its prevalence, diagnosis, clinical characteristics, pathogenesis, natural history and treatment were addressed by the members of the Working Party.
Influence of clinical information on the interpretation of urinary cytology in bladder cancer: how suggestible is a cytologist?
Authors: Tritschler Stefan , Karl Alexander , Sommer Maria‐Luisa , Straub Julia , Strittmatter Frank , Tilki Derya , Hocaoglu Yasmin , Stief Christian , Zaak Dirk 
Published: March 2010

Study Type – Diagnosis (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence 2bOBJECTIVETo determine the influence of the knowledge of the endoscopic findings and the influence of the patient’s history on the cytologist’s judgement, as urinary cytology is known to be subjective and has several limitations, in particular a high inter‐ and intra‐observer variability.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe analysed the cytological and histological findings of patients who underwent transurethral resection of a bladder tumour, and determined whether the cytologist was aware of the endoscopic findings or not. The sensitivity and specificity of cytology were calculated with or without this knowledge, and that of the patients’ bladder cancer history.RESULTSThe findings of 1705 patients were reviewed; in 641 the histological examination confirmed a malignant tumour and 1046 were classified as benign. The sensitivity of cytology was 66.0% and the specificity was 78.4%. The cytologist was aware of the endoscopic finding and patient history in 742 cases, and unaware of the endoscopic findings in 963. The specificity was higher in the latter group (80.2% vs 73.0%; P= 0.006). The specificity in patients with the endoscopic findings described as ‘negative’, ‘inflammation’, ‘scar tissue’, ‘flat lesion’, ‘suspicious for tumour’, and ‘exophytic tumour’ was 89.8%, 89.9%, 85.0%, 77.1%, 63.2% and 48.6%, respectively (P < 0.001). In 898 patients the history was negative for bladder tumours. Among these patients the sensitivity and specificity of cytology was 67.3% and 79.7%; the sensitivity and specificity was 65.4% and 74.8% for the 807 patients with a positive history of bladder cancer (P= 0.054).CONCLUSIONBoth being aware of the endoscopic findings and a positive patient history for bladder cancer lowers the specificity of cytology. Consequently, the cytologist should be unaware of the endoscopic findings.
Exploring the Latent Structures of Psychological Constructs in Social Development Using the Dimensional–Categorical Spectrum
Authors: Masyn Katherine E. , Henderson Craig E. , Greenbaum Paul E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper provides an introduction to a recently developed conceptual framework—the dimensional–categorical spectrum—for utilizing general factor mixture models to explore the latent structures of psychological constructs. This framework offers advantages over traditional latent variable models that usually employ either continuous latent factors or categorical latent class variables to characterize the latent structure and require an a priori assumption about the underlying nature of the construct as either purely dimension or purely categorical. The modeling process is discussed in detail and then illustrated with data on the delinquency items of Achenbach's child behavior checklist from a sample of children in the National Adolescent and Child Treatment Study.
Defending Germany in the Hindukush: The ‘Out‐of‐Area’ Deployments of the Bundeswehr in Somalia, Kosovo and Afghanistan in Literature and Film1
Authors: Plowman Andrew 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe essay explores how the transformation of the Bundeswehr into a global intervention force since the 1990s has been refracted in the cultural sphere. It places two written texts (Bodo Kirchhoff's Herrenmenschlichkeit, Udo Röbel and Christoph Scheuring's Tod eines Engels) and two films (Rudolf Schweiger's Mörderischer Frieden and Brigitte Bertele's Nacht vor Augen) in the context of debates about the ‘out‐of‐area’ interventions of the Bundeswehr and shows how popular forms especially have become preeminent in articulating the moral issues at stake. Particularly striking in the case of Schweiger's and Bertele's films about the Kosovo and Afghanistan deployments respectively is the turn to Hollywood models not just to articulate the experience of just and uncertain engagements but also to reframe the singular German cultural experience of conflict.Der Beitrag untersucht den Einfluss der globalen Ausweitung von Einsätzen der Bundeswehr auf die deutsche Kultur seit den 1990er Jahren. Vor dem Hintergrund der Diskussionen über die Auslandseinsätze der Bundeswehr wird am Beispiel von zwei Texten (Bodo Kirchhoffs Herrenmenschlichkeit, Udo Röbels und Christoph Scheurings Tod eines Engels) sowie zwei Filmen (Rudolf Schweigers Mörderischer Frieden und Brigitte Berteles Nacht vor Augen) gezeigt, inwiefern gerade im Bereich der Unterhaltungs‐ und Populärkultur damit verbundene moralische Fragen aufgeworfen und verhandelt werden. Dabei fällt insbesondere an den Filmen von Schweiger und Bertele über die Einsätze im Kosovo bzw. in Afghanistan auf, dass deren Anlehnung an Muster typischer Hollywoodfilme nicht nur dazu dient, Angemessenheit und Ungewissheit der Kriegseinsätze zu thematisieren. Darüber hinaus werden so gerade die für Deutschland spezifischen Erfahrungen mit kriegerischen Konflikten in einen neuen Bezugsrahmen gestellt.
Corticolimbic gray matter loss in Parkinson’s disease without dementia
Authors: Nishio Y. , Hirayama K. , Takeda A. , Hosokai Y. , Ishioka T. , Suzuki K. , Itoyama Y. , Takahashi S. , Mori E. 
Published: March 2010

Background:  The relationship between corticolimbic involvement and cognitive dysfunction in non‐demented Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients has not yet been elucidated.Objectives:  To delineate involvement of the cerebral cortex and limbic structures in non‐demented PD and to clarify distributional differences of gray matter loss between non‐demented PD with impaired cognition (PD‐CI) and without cognitive impairment (PD‐NC).Methods:  Operational criteria based on the Clinical Dementia Rating were used to identify PD‐CI. Of 40 consecutive non‐demented patients with PD, 13 were classified as PD‐CI and 27 as PD‐NC. Comparisons of regional gray matter volume (rGMV) were made amongst the PD‐CI, PD‐NC, and control groups using voxel‐based morphometry.Results:  Gray matter loss was found extensively in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices in the present non‐demented patients with PD. rGMV in the medial frontal and medial occipital cortices was reduced comparably in the PD‐NC and PD‐CI groups. The severity of gray matter loss in the perisylvian cortices increased in order from the control, to the PD‐NC, to the PD‐CI groups. rGMV reduction in the lateral and orbital frontal, medial and lateral temporal, medial and lateral parietal, and lateral occipital cortices and cerebellum was found specifically in PD‐CI.Conclusions:  Our results suggest that corticolimbic degeneration occurs in non‐demented patients with PD, and extensive involvement of the limbic and posterior cortical regions as well as the frontal cortices is associated with cognitive impairment in PD.
EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of channelopathies, epilepsies, migraine, stroke, and dementias
Authors: Burgunder J‐M. , Finsterer J. , Szolnoki Z. , Fontaine B. , Baets J. , Van Broeckhoven C. , Di Donato S. , De Jonghe P. , Lynch T. , Mariotti C. , Schöls L. , Spinazzola A. , Tabrizi S. J. , Tallaksen C. , Zeviani M. , Harbo H. F. , Gasser T. 
Published: March 2010

Objectives:  These EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of channelopathies, including epilepsy and migraine, as well as stroke, and dementia are designed to summarize the possibilities and limitations of molecular genetic techniques and to provide diagnostic criteria for deciding when a molecular diagnostic work‐up is indicated.Search strategy:  To collect data about planning, conditions, and performance of molecular diagnosis of these disorders, a literature search in various electronic databases was carried out and original papers, meta‐analyses, review papers, and guideline recommendations were reviewed.Results:  The best level of evidence for genetic testing recommendation (B) can be found for a small number of syndromes, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy, familial recurrent hemorrhages, familial Alzheimer’s disease, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Good practice points can be formulated for a number of other disorders.Conclusion:  These guidelines are provisional, and the future availability of molecular genetic epidemiological data about the neurogenetic disorders under discussion in our article will allow improved recommendation with an increased level of evidence.