bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Climate Impacts of Large Stratospheric Water Vapor Perturbations
Authors: Jucker Martin , Lucas Chris , Dutta Deepashree 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The amount of water vapor injected into the stratosphere after the eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) was unprecedented, and it is therefore unclear what it might mean for surface climate. We use chemistry–climate model simulations to assess the long-term surface impacts of stratospheric water vapor (SWV) anomalies similar to those caused by HTHH but neglect the relatively minor aerosol loading from the eruption. The simulations show that the SWV anomalies lead to strong and persistent warming of Northern Hemisphere landmasses in boreal winter, and austral winter cooling over Australia, years after eruption, demonstrating that large SWV forcing can have surface impacts on a decadal time scale. We also emphasize that the surface response to SWV anomalies is more complex than simple warming due to greenhouse forcing and is influenced by factors such as regional circulation patterns and cloud feedbacks. Further research is needed to fully understand the multiyear effects of SWV anomalies and their relationship with climate phenomena like El Niño–Southern Oscillation.

Significance Statement
Volcanic eruptions typically cool Earth’s surface by releasing sulfur dioxide, which then converts into aerosols, which reflect sunlight. However, a recent eruption released a significant amount of water vapor—a strong greenhouse gas—into the stratosphere with unknown consequences. This study neglects the aerosol effect and examines the consequences of large stratospheric water vapor anomalies and reveals that surface temperatures across large regions of the world increase by over 1.5°C for several years, although some areas experience cooling close to 1°C. Additionally, the research suggests a potential connection between the eruption and sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific, which warrants further investigation.
AUV Observations of Langmuir Turbulence in a Stratified Shelf Sea
Authors: Fisher Alexander W. , Nidzieko Nicholas J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Measurements collected by a Remote Environmental Monitoring Units (REMUS) 600 autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) off the coast of southern California demonstrate large-scale coherent wave-driven vortices, consistent with Langmuir turbulence (LT), and played a dominant role in structuring turbulent dissipation within the oceanic surface boundary layer. During a 10-h period with sustained wind speeds of 10 m s−1, Langmuir circulations were limited to the upper third of the surface mixed layer by persistent stratification within the water column. The ensemble-averaged circulation, calculated using conditional averaging of acoustic Doppler dual current profile (AD2CP) velocity profiles using elevated backscattering intensity associated with subsurface bubble clouds, indicates that LT vortex pairs were characterized by an energetic downwelling zone flanked by broader, weaker upwelling regions with vertical velocity magnitudes similar to previous numerical studies of LT. Horizontally distributed microstructure estimates of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates were lognormally distributed near the surface in the wave mixing layer with the majority of values falling between wall layer scaling and wave transport layer scaling. Partitioning dissipation rates between downwelling centers and ambient conditions suggests that LT may play a dominant role in elevating dissipation rates in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) by redistributing wave-breaking turbulence.
Toward the Development of an Impact-Based Decision Support Tool for Surface-Transportation Hazards. Part II: An Hourly Winter Storm Severity Index
Authors: Tobin Dana M. , Kastman Joshua S. , Nelson James A. , Reeves Heather D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In line with the continued focus of the National Weather Service (NWS) to provide impact-based decision support services (IDSS) and effectively communicate potential impacts, a new IDSS forecasting tool for surface-transportation hazards is in development at the Weather Prediction Center: the hourly winter storm severity index (WSSI-H). This second part of the series outlines the current algorithms and thresholds for the components of the WSSI-H, which has been developed in line with the approach and considerations discussed in Part I of this series. These components—snow amount, ice accumulation, snow rate, liquid rate, and blowing and drifting snow—each address a specific hazard for motorists. The inclusion of metrics related to driving conditions for untreated road surfaces and time-of-day factoring for active precipitation types helps directly tie forecasted weather conditions to transportation impacts. Impact severity level thresholds are approximately in line with thresholds used by transportation agencies when considering various mitigation strategies (e.g., imposing speed restrictions or closing roadways). Whereas the product is not meant to forecast specific impacts (e.g., road closure or pileup), impact severity levels are designed to scale with increasingly poor travel conditions, which can prompt various mitigation efforts from motorists or transportation agencies to maintain safety. WSSI-H outputs for three winter events are discussed in depth to highlight the potential utility of the product. Overall, the WSSI-H is intended to provide high-resolution situational awareness of potential surface-transportation-related impacts and aid in enhanced collaborations between NWS forecasters and stakeholders like transportation agencies to improve motorist safety.

Significance Statement
A new impact-based forecast product designed to aid in situational awareness of potential impacts from surface-transportation-related hazards is in development. In this second part of the series, we outline the algorithms and thresholds for the various components of the product, where each component addresses a unique hazard. Product outputs for three winter events are presented to highlight the potential utility of the product in an operational forecast setting. Ultimately, enhanced collaboration between forecasters and transportation agencies alongside guidance from this product will bolster consistent messaging to motorists and improve safety and mobility on roads.
Behavioral and Psychosocial Mediators of the Effects of Increased Self-Regulation on Short- and Long-Term Weight Loss in Women Within Community-Based Obesity Treatments
Authors: Annesi James J. , Stewart Francine A. 
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate behavioral mediators of relationships between increased self-regulation of eating and weight loss so that findings on psychosocial correlates of treatment-associated weight change could be extended. Participants were women enrolled in 6-month community-based obesity treatments using primarily self-regulatory (SR-treatment, n = 52) or education-focused (Didactic training, n = 54) methods. Changes from baseline in self-regulation of eating, self-efficacy for controlled eating, emotional eating propensity, exercise, and the diet were first calculated. There were significant overall improvements in each psychosocial and behavioral measure, and weight. Except for emotional eating change from baseline–Month 12, improvements were each significantly greater in the SR-treatment group. Mediation of the relationships of change in self-regulation with 6-, 12-, and 24-month weight changes, by changes in self-efficacy and emotional eating, were significant, R2s = .19–.26, ps < .001. Only changes in emotional eating over 6 and 12 months were significant mediators. Mediations of the same self-regulation-weight change relationships by changes in exercise and the diet were also significant, R2s = .19–.28, ps < .001, and only changes in exercise over 12 and 24 months were significant mediators. Although group membership did not moderate effects on weight, substitution of sweets for the (composite) diet demonstrated it to be a significant mediator over 6 and 12 months. In women with obesity, self-regulation improvement was associated with short- and longer-term weight loss through changes in emotional eating, exercise, and sweets consumption. Thus, behavioral treatments will benefit from targeting those variables.
Impact of In-Home Handwashing Stations on Hand Hygiene During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Unpiped Rural Alaska Native Homes
Authors: Harmon Olivia A. , Howe Tricia S. , Schaeffer Jacqualine D. , Adeboyejo Ramot , Eichelberger Laura P. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: More than 3300 rural Alaska Native homes lack piped water, impeding hand hygiene. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention partnered with 10 Tribal communities and regional Tribal health organizations to install a low-cost, intermediate-technology water and sanitation system, the Miniature Portable Alternative Sanitation System (Mini-PASS). We assessed the impact of the Mini-PASS handwashing station on handwashing, other water-related uses, and problems encountered over time. Methods: In this pre–postintervention study, we conducted semi-structured interviews by telephone seasonally with representatives of 71 households with the Mini-PASS from February 2021 through November 2022 to assess the impact of the units on water use and health. Results: Before Mini-PASS installation, all participating households primarily used washbasins for handwashing. Postintervention, more than 70% of households reported using the Mini-PASS as their primary handwashing method in all 3 follow-up intervals (3, 6-9, and 12 months postintervention). The proportion of households using the handwashing station for other household tasks increased during 12 months, from 51.4% (19 of 37) at 3 months postintervention to 77.8% (21 of 27) at 12 months postintervention. Although approximately 20% to 40% of households reported problems with their handwashing station during the 12 months postintervention, a large proportion of interviewees (47% to 60%) said they were able to conduct repairs themselves. Conclusions: Households in rural Alaska quickly adopted the Mini-PASS for hand hygiene and other needs and were largely able to troubleshoot problems themselves. Further research evaluating the impact of improved handwashing behaviors facilitated by the Mini-PASS should be conducted.
Complex Trauma and Mentalizing Ability in College Students With or Without Borderline Personality Disorder: A Mixed Method Approach
Authors: Lamba Ishita , Rai Shweta , Praharaj Samir Kumar , Rege Sumita 
Published: May 2024

Background: Exposure to complex trauma in early childhood can undermine the development of mentalization capacity. Complex trauma has also been causally linked to borderline personality disorder (BPD). The inclusion of complex post-traumatic stress disorder in ICD-11 has made it imperative to have an in-depth understanding of complex trauma. Methods: This study used an explanatory sequential mixed method approach to assess the complex trauma and mentalizing ability in college students with BPD ( N = 62) in comparison to non-BPD students ( N = 60) and to explore the subjective experiences of complex trauma in students with BPD ( n = 10). Participants in both groups were assessed on the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test to assess complex trauma and mentalizing ability, respectively. Qualitative data were collected through focused interviews using a phenomenological approach. Results: Those with BPD had significantly higher rates of six types of complex trauma as compared to those without BPD; additionally, participants who had experienced sexual abuse performed better on mentalizing tasks than those who had not. The focused interviews revealed several themes, including “perpetrator,” “impact,” “symptoms,” and “strengths,” which indicated intergenerational trauma and hope for post-traumatic growth. Conclusion: Although participants with BPD experienced higher complex trauma, they also had better mentalizing capacities.
Lived Experience of Caregivers of Suicide Attempt Survivors: A Qualitative Study with Indian Adults
Authors: Vivekanandhan Shankavi , Ramasamy Dhanasekarapandian , Cherian Anish V , Hugh-Jones Siobhan 
Published: May 2024

Background: Suicide attempt is a significant predictor of suicide and occurs more frequently than suicide. Each suicide attempt leaves a significant impact on the family as they take the primary role in providing care and bear the responsibility for supporting them. The prospect of future suicide attempts puts the family in distress and makes them prone to adverse psychosocial circumstances. Methods: The objective of this study is to understand the life experiences of caregivers of suicide attempt survivors after the suicide attempt of their relative. Using the purposive sampling method, we interviewed the primary caregivers ( n = 6) from a tertiary care setting. The in-depth interviews explored their experiences, concerns, and needs. This study used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Results: Four major themes emerged: the reactive affect, changes post the suicide attempt (mental pain, physiological changes, attitude toward the suicide attempt survivor, and social aspects), moving on with the attempt (assuming responsibilities and spiritual beliefs), and the caregivers’ needs. Conclusion: The impact of suicide attempts on families is primarily ignored and under-researched in the country. There is a growing need to recognize the roles and struggles of family members and support them.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Human Milk After mRNA and Adenovector-Based Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Xuan , Hu Yan , Lv You , Obore Nathan , Wang YiXiao , Yu Hong 
Published: May 2024

Background: SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies exist in human milk expressed by lactating parents after vaccination. In the existing research, the effects of vaccine types on human milk are inconsistent. Research Aim: This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing observational studies to compare the positive rates of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in human milk according to mRNA and adenovector-based vaccination. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier Science Direct and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published from December 30, 2019 to February 15, 2023. Observational studies were considered eligible provided they reported data on SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in human milk. The risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) were used to assess risk of bias. Seven studies, including 511 lactating participants, were included in this review and meta-analysis. Results: The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgA is higher in mRNA vaccine groups than in adenovector-based vaccine groups ( OR = 4.80, 95% CI [3.04, 7.58], p < 0.001). The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG was higher in mRNA vaccines than in adenovector-based vaccines. Conclusions: Compared to adenovector-based vaccines, mRNA vaccines present a higher positivity rate of IgA and IgG in human milk after vaccination. In other words, mRNA vaccinations may offer breastfed children a higher level of protection than adenovector-based vaccinations. Further high-quality data is still required to substantiate these findings.
A Critical Review of Breastfeeding Instruments Derived From Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Barta Kelsie 
Published: May 2024

Background: Understanding the motivational factors that influence breastfeeding behavior is critical for addressing suboptimal breastfeeding outcomes. Self-determination theory has been used as a framework to understand these factors. Research Aim: The aim of this article is to identify and critically review breastfeeding instruments derived from self-determination theory and their subsequent uses in the literature. Method: This critical review was guided by Grant and Booth’s typological description. Eligibility criteria included full-text, peer-reviewed original instrument development and validation articles, written in the English language without limitation to specific years. Articles describing the use of the eligible instruments were also included. There were 164 articles identified initially, and four instruments were included in the final sample. Finally, five articles, including subsequent uses of the instruments were critically analyzed and an overview, assessment of validation, and analysis of subsequent use of each instrument is presented. Results: All instruments examine the degree of autonomy underlying breastfeeding motivation. The extent and quality of validation varied. Two instruments have been used in subsequent studies; one was adapted and translated into Turkish and used in three other studies, and another was used in full in one subsequent use and in part in another study. Three of four were initially developed for prenatal administration. Conclusions: Instruments derived from self-determination theory hold promise in exploring the autonomy underlying breastfeeding motivations. Researchers who wish to use or adapt these instruments should consider the instruments’ domains, validity, and administration. New measures are needed to explore other constructs from self-determination theory related to breastfeeding.
Parkinson’s Disease: Coping Strategies, Cognitive Restructuring and Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Meyer Mylène , Montel Sébastien , Colnat-Coulbois Sophie , Frismand Solène , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Vidailhet Pierre , Schwan Raymund , Spitz Elisabeth 
Published: May 2024

Objective Less is known concerning the evolution of coping strategies before and after deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Methods In a randomized controlled trial, coping was measured with the neurological version of the CHIP (Coping with Health Injuries and Problem) and the BriefCOPE in PD patients before ( T1: DBS - 2 months) and after (T2: + 3 months, T3: + 6 months) DBS. Patients (N = 50, age 59 ± 5.7 years, disease duration 9.54 ± 3.7 years) were randomised in 3 groups: CRTG (preoperative psychological preparation with cognitive restructuring), PIG (preoperative non structured interviews), and CG (no psychological preparation). Results Coping strategies are modulated by the time of evaluation. Some strategies are significantly more used preoperatively than postoperatively, as strategies about the research for information (CHIP: F = 16.14; P = .000; η2 = .095; BriefCOPE F = 5.71; P = .005; η2 = .066), emotional regulation (F = 3.29; P = .042; η2 = .029), and well-being searching (F = 4.59; P = .013; η2 = .043). Some other strategies appear more used post than preoperatively, as palliative coping (F = 5.57; P = .005; η2 = .064), humour (F = 3.35; P = .041; η2 = .0.35), and use of substance (F = 4.43; P = .015; η2 = .070). No other specific time, group or time per group interaction effect was found. Conclusion Coping strategies are crucial for PD patients to adapt to the evolution of their parkinsonian state. Their consideration should be more systematic in the neurosurgical process, particularly when neurological symptoms would remain after DBS. More insights are needed concerning the evolution of coping strategies through DBS and the impact of a preoperative psychotherapy over them in preoperative PD patients.
Anti-myocardial Ischaemia by Bioinformatics of Apocynum venetum L.
Authors: Yue Yuan-Jia , Li Yu , Rong Xing , Ji Zhao , Wang Hui-Min , Jiang Lin 
Published: May 2024

Background In recent years, the number of patients with myocardial ischaemia is rising year by year in China. Objectives The study uses network pharmacology to predict targets and pathways of action of Apocynum venetum L. (AVL) for the treatment of myocardial ischemia (MI). Materials and Methods The essential active compounds of AVL were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. The objective of selecting the target genes was achieved through the utilization of GeneCards and Swiss Target Prediction resources. The pool of MI-related targets was obtained from DisGeNET, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and the Therapeutic Target Database. The protein-protein interaction network was meticulously constructed using the STRING algorithm. The gene ontology (GO) analysis of AVL-MI targets was performed at Metascape. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis was conducted to study the interactions of AVL components with estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90A), protein kinase B (Akt1), tyrosine kinase Src (SRC) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Finally, cellular experiments were performed to validate the mechanism of action of AVL. Results The molecular target analysis revealed that AVL has the potential to interact with a total of 147 biomolecules. This comprises ESR1, HSP90A, epidermal growth factor receptor, protein kinase B alpha (Akt1), SRC and PI3K. As indicated by GO and KEGG analyses, AVL’s inhibitory potential against MI may be due to its action on the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Furthermore, docking studies conducted to assess the interactions between AVL components and their targets (ESR1, HSP90A, Akt1, SRC and PI3K) confirmed that they have robust binding affinities. Cell experiments also showed that AVL treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress indexes ( p < 0.05). Additionally, the expression levels of Akt1 and PI3K proteins were significantly higher in the AVL group compared to the MI group ( p < 0.05). Conclusion AVL therapy exhibits the potential to alleviate the symptoms of MI by mitigating oxidative stress and by orchestrating the expression of proteins such as PI3K and Akt1.
Aridanin Attenuates Behavior Deficits and Neuroinflammatory Response in 1-Methyl- 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson’s Disease in Mice
Authors: Ban Weigu , Lu Lina , Teng Xiuying , Zhang Yiran , Qi Hui 
Published: May 2024

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurological illness, is treated with pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic techniques, including medicinal plants and their extracts. Purpose We assessed the anti-neurodegenerative properties of aridanin against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP)-induced PD in mice. Materials and Methods In the current investigation, the neuroprotective potential of aridanin in the MPTP-induced PD animal model via behavioral analysis, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and histopathology was determined. Results The results showed that mice treated with MPTP had mobility, motor issues, and behavioral dysfunctions. When mice were challenged with MPTP, they had low antioxidant levels. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and pro-inflammatory cytokines were high in MPTP-treated mice. There are signs of PD based on these results. Behavioral effects were improved, antioxidant levels increased, and MDA and proinflammatory cytokines levels decreased in animals treated with aridanin. Conclusion Thus, in combination, aridanin therapy guards against MPTP-induced neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and motor dysfunction in PD mice.