bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers of Three-Dimensional Printing in Craniofacial Plastic Surgery Practice: A Pilot Study and Literature Review
Authors: Kim Erin , Vishwanath Neel , Foppiani Jose , Escobar-Domingo Maria J. , Lee Daniela , Francalancia Stephanie , Lin Gavin J. , Woo Albert S. , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Three-dimensional printing (3Dp) and modeling have demonstrated increasing utility within plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS). This study aims to understand the prevalence of how this technology is utilized in craniofacial surgery, as well as identify barriers that may limit its integration into practice.

Methods:
A survey was developed to assess participant demographics, characteristics of 3Dp use, and barriers to utilizing three-dimensional technologies in practice. The survey was distributed to practicing craniofacial surgeons. A secondary literature review was conducted to identify solutions for barriers and potential areas for innovation.

Results:
Fifteen complete responses (9.7% response rate) were analyzed. The majority (73%) reported using three-dimensional modeling and printing in their practice, primarily for surgical planning. The majority (64%) relied exclusively on outside facilities to print the models, selecting resources required to train self and staff (55%), followed by the cost of staff to run the printer (36%), as the most common barriers affecting 3Dp use in their practice. Of those that did not use 3Dp, the most common barrier was lack of exposure (75%). The literature review revealed cost-lowering techniques with materials, comparability of desktop commercial printers to industrial printers, and incorporation of open-source software.

Conclusions:
The main barrier to integrating 3Dp in craniofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery practice is the perceived cost associated with utilizing the technology. Ongoing literature highlights the cost-utility of in-house 3Dp technologies and practical cost-saving methods. The authors’ results underscore the need for broad exposure for currently practicing attendings and trainees in 3Dp practices and other evolving technologies.
Health Expenditures After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Smith Valerie A. , Zepel Lindsay , Kawatkar Aniket A. , Arterburn David E. , Baecker Aileen , Theis Mary K. , Sloan Caroline , Clark Amy G. , Saurabh Shireesh , Coleman Karen J. , Maciejewski Matthew L. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To compare expenditures between surgical and matched nonsurgical patients in a retrospective cohort study.

Background:
Bariatric surgery leads to substantial improvements in weight and weight-related conditions, but prior literature on postsurgical health expenditures is equivocal.

Methods:
In a retrospective study, total outpatient, inpatient, and medication expenditures 3 years before and 5.5 years after surgery were compared between 22,698 bariatric surgery [n = 7127 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), 15,571 sleeve gastrectomy (SG)] patients from 2012 to 2019 and 66,769 matched nonsurgical patients, using generalized estimating equations. We also compared expenditures between patients receiving the 2 leading surgical procedures in weighted analyses.

Results:
Surgical and nonsurgical cohorts were well matched, 80% to 81% females, with mean body mass index of 44 and mean age of 47 (RYGB) and 44 (SG) years. Estimated total expenditures were similar between surgical and nonsurgical groups 3 years before surgery ($27 difference, 95% CI: −42, 102), increased 6 months before surgery for surgical patients, and decreased below preperiod levels for both groups after 3 to 5.5 years to become similar (difference at 5.5 years = -$61, 95% CI: −166, 52). Long-term outpatient expenditures were similar between groups. Surgical patients’ lower long-term medication expenditures ($314 lower at 5.5 years, 95% CI: −419, −208) were offset by a higher risk of hospitalization. Total expenditures were similar between patients undergoing RYGB and SG 3.5 to 5.5 years after surgery.

Conclusions:
Bariatric surgery translated into lower medication expenditures than matched controls, but not lower overall long-term expenditures. Expenditure trends appear similar for the two leading bariatric operations.
Preoperative COVID-19 Vaccination is Associated with Decreased Perioperative Mortality after Major Vascular Surgery
Authors: Ratner Molly , Garg Karan , Chang Heepeel , Nigalaye Anjali , Medvedovsky Steven , Jacobowitz Glenn , Siracuse Jeffrey J. , Patel Virendra , Schermerhorn Marc , DiMaggio Charles , Rockman Caron B. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination on perioperative outcomes after major vascular surgery.

Background Data:
COVID-19 vaccination is associated with decreased mortality in patients undergoing various surgical procedures. However, the effect of vaccination on perioperative mortality after major vascular surgery is unknown.

Methods:
This is a multicenter retrospective study of patients who underwent major vascular surgery between December 2021 through August 2023. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 30 days of index operation or prior to hospital discharge. Multivariable models were used to examine the association between vaccination status and the primary outcome.

Results:
Of the total 85,424 patients included, 19161 (22.4%) were unvaccinated. Unvaccinated patients were younger compared to vaccinated patients (mean age 68.44 +/- 10.37 y vs 72.11 +/- 9.20 y, P<0.001) and less likely to have comorbid conditions, including hypertension, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dialysis. After risk factor adjustment, vaccination was associated with decreased mortality (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.62 - 0.81, P<0.0001). Stratification by procedure type demonstrated that vaccinated patients had decreased odds of mortality after open AAA (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.42-0.97, P=0.03), EVAR (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.43-0.83, p 0.002), CAS (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.51-0.88, P=0.004) and infra-inguinal lower extremity bypass (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.48-0.96, P=0.03).

Conclusions:
COVID-19 vaccination is associated with reduced perioperative mortality in patients undergoing vascular surgery. This association is most pronounced for patients undergoing aortic aneurysm repair, carotid stenting and infrainguinal bypass.
Cost Analysis of Bladder Catheterization After Pelvic Floor Surgery
Authors: Benseler Anouk , Zhao Zi Ying , Sheikh Muhammad Harris , Chan Brian , Tomlinson George , McDermott Colleen D. 
Published: May 2024

Importance
Approximately 15–45% of female patients develop transient postoperative urinary retention (POUR) following pelvic reconstructive surgery. Catheter options for bladder drainage include transurethral indwelling catheter (TIC), intermittent self-catheterization (ISC), and suprapubic tube (SPT). Each strategy has risks and benefits; none have been shown to be clinically superior, and to date, no comprehensive comparative economic analysis has been published.

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost of these different bladder catheterization strategies after transvaginal pelvic surgery.

Study Design
A Canadian universal single-payer (government funded) health system perspective was taken, and a decision tree model was constructed to evaluate the costs associated with each catheterization strategy over a 6-week horizon. Base-cases were set based on recently published clinical data of our institutions, 2 academic tertiary care centers, and based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Costs were established in consultation with process stakeholders, in addition to published values.

Results
The average cost calculated for management of transient POUR after outpatient pelvic reconstructive surgery was 150.69 CAD (median 154.86; interquartile range [IQR] 131.30–176.33) for TIC, 162.28 CAD (median 164.72; IQR 144.36–189.39) for ISC and 255.67 CAD (median 270.63; IQR 234.32–276.82) for SPT. In costing inpatient surgical data, the average cost calculated was 134.22 CAD (median 123.61; IQR 108.87–151.85) for TIC and 224.61 CAD (median 216.07; IQR 203.86–231.23) for SPT.

Conclusion
TIC and ISC were found to be significantly less costly than SPT in managing transient POUR following transvaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery.
Pharmacist-prescriber collaborative models of care for opioid use disorder: an overview of recent research
Authors: Cheetham Ali , Grist Elizabeth , Nielsen Suzanne 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of reviewCollaborative models of care where pharmacists work alongside physicians have been developed for a range of physical health conditions, with benefits including improved patient outcomes and increased access to ongoing care. Opioid agonist treatment (methadone and buprenorphine) is a clinically effective and cost-effective treatment for opioid use disorder that is under-utilized in many countries due to a shortage of prescribers. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the development of collaborative models that utilize pharmacists to overcome barriers to treatment. In this article, we present a narrative review to synthesise recent work in this rapidly developing area.Recent findingsTwo key aspects of opioid agonist treatment were identified: Collaborative models have utilized pharmacists to facilitate buprenorphine induction, and collaborative models provide increased capacity for delivering ongoing care in a variety of settings and patient groups where prescriber access is limited. Pharmacists have undertaken direct patient care responsibilities with varying degrees of autonomy, with benefits including a reduction in prescriber workload, and improvements in treatment retention and continuity of care.SummaryCollaborative models in which pharmacists are responsible for buprenorphine induction and ongoing management with methadone and buprenorphine have been shown to reduce demands on prescribers while improving or maintaining patient outcomes, and appear feasible and acceptable in a wide range of outpatient settings.
Ottowia cancrivicina sp. nov., isolated from human stomach
Authors: Song Yu , Yuan Xiao-Yan , Cong Hai-Yan , Liu Yuan , Liu Peng , Wang Ming-Yi , Du Zong-Jun 
Published: May 2024

A Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated 10c7w1T, was isolated from a human gastrointestinal tract. Colonies on agar plates were small, circular, smooth and beige. The optimal growth conditions were determined to be 37 °C, pH 7.0–7.5 and 0 % (w/v) NaCl. Comparative analysis of complete 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 10c7w1T showed the highest sequence similarity of 95.8 % to Ottowia beijingensis MCCC 1A01410T, followed by Ottowia thiooxydans (95.2 %) JCM 11629T. The average amino acid identity values between 10c7w1T and O. beijingensis MCCC 1A01410T and O. thiooxydans JCM 11629T were above 60 % (71.4 and 69.5 %). The average nucleotide identity values between strain 10c7w1T and O. beijingensis MCCC 1A01410T and O. thiooxydans JCM 11629T were 76.9 and 72.5 %, respectively. The dominant fatty acids (≥10 %) were straight chain ones, with summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c/C16 : 1
ω6c), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c/C18 : 1
ω6c) and C16 : 00 being the most abundant. Q-8 was the only respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids of strain 10c7w1T were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain 10c7w1T was 63.6 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain 10c7w1T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Ottowia, for which the name Ottowia cancrivicina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 10c7w1T (=MCCC 1H01399T=KCTC 92200T).
Biological aging of different blood cell types
Authors: Marttila Saara , Rajić Sonja , Ciantar Joanna , Mak Jonathan KL , Junttila Ilkka S , Kummola Laura , Hägg Sara , Raitoharju Emma , Kananen Laura 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA biological age (BA) indicator is intended to capture detrimental age-related changes occurring with passing time. To date, the best-known and used BA indicators include DNA-methylation-based epigenetic ages (epigenetic clocks) and telomere length. The most common biological sample material for epidemiological aging studies is composed of different cell types, whole blood. We aimed to compare differences in BAs between blood cell types and assessed BA indicators’ cell type-specific associations with donor’s calendar age.Analysis on DNA methylation-based BA indicators including telomere length, methylation level at cg16867657 (a CpG-site inELOVL2) and the Hannum, Horvath, DNAmPhenoAge and DunedinPACE epigenetic clocks was performed in 428 biological samples from 12 blood cell types. BA values were different (p<0.05) in the majority of pairwise comparisons between the cell types. Most cell types also displayed differences as compared to whole blood (p<0.05). Some of the observed differences persisted across blood donor’s calendar ages from 20 to 80 years (50-years-difference in DNAmPhenoAge between naïve CD4+ T cells and monocytes), while others did not (up to four-fold difference in DunedinPACE values between monocytes and B cells). All BA indicators, except DunedinPACE, had mostly a very strong correlation with donor’s calendar age within a cell type.Our findings demonstrate that DNA methylation-based indicators of biological age exhibit cell type-specific characteristics, underscoring the importance of accounting for cell composition in related studies. Our results have implications for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic clocks and and provide guidance for utilizing them as indicators for success of aging interventions.
Microglia regulate motor neuron plasticity via reciprocal fractalkine/adenosine signaling
Authors: Marciante Alexandria B. , Tadjalli Arash , Burrowes Kayla A. , Oberto Jose R. , Luca Edward K. , Seven Yasin B. , Nikodemova Maria , Watters Jyoti J. , Baker Tracy L. , Mitchell Gordon S. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTMicroglia are innate CNS immune cells that play key roles in supporting key CNS functions including brain plasticity. We now report a previously unknown role for microglia in regulating neuroplasticity within spinal phrenic motor neurons, the neurons driving diaphragm contractions and breathing. We demonstrate that microglia regulate phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF), a form of respiratory memory lasting hours after repetitive exposures to brief periods of low oxygen (acute intermittent hypoxia; AIH) via neuronal/microglial fractalkine signaling. AIH-induced pLTF is regulated by the balance between competing intracellular signaling cascades initiated by serotonin vs adenosine, respectively. Although brainstem raphe neurons release the relevant serotonin, the cellular source of adenosine is unknown. We tested a model in which hypoxia initiates fractalkine signaling between phrenic motor neurons and nearby microglia that triggers extracellular adenosine accumulation. With moderate AIH, phrenic motor neuron adenosine 2A receptor activation undermines serotonin-dominant pLTF; in contrast, severe AIH drives pLTF by a unique, adenosine-dominant mechanism. Phrenic motor neuron fractalkine knockdown, cervical spinal fractalkine receptor inhibition on nearby microglia, and microglial depletion enhance serotonin-dominant pLTF with moderate AIH but suppress adenosine-dominant pLTF with severe AIH. Thus, microglia play novel functions in the healthy spinal cord, regulating hypoxia-induced neuroplasticity within the motor neurons responsible for breathing.
RESOLVING BIOLOGY’S DARK MATTER: SPECIES RICHNESS, SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION, AND COMMUNITY COMPOSITION OF A DARK TAXON
Authors: Hartop Emily , Lee Leshon , Srivathsan Amrita , Jones Mirkka , Peña-Aguilera Pablo , Ovaskainen Otso , Roslin Tomas , Meier Rudolf 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundZoology’s dark matter comprises hyperdiverse, poorly known taxa that are numerically dominant but largely unstudied, even in temperate regions where charismatic taxa are well understood. It is everywhere, but high diversity, abundance, and small size have historically stymied its study. We demonstrate how entomological dark matter can be elucidated using high-throughput DNA barcoding (“megabarcoding”). We reveal the high abundance and diversity of scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) in Sweden using 31,800 specimens from 37 sites across four seasonal periods. We investigate the number of scuttle fly species in Sweden and the environmental factors driving community changes across time and space.ResultsSwedish scuttle fly diversity is much higher than previously known, with 549 mOTUs (putative species) detected, compared to 374 previously recorded species. Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities reveals that scuttle fly communities are highly structured by latitude and strongly driven by climatic factors. Large dissimilarities between sites and seasons are driven by turnover rather than nestedness. Climate changes are predicted to significantly affect the 47% of species that show significant responses to mean annual temperature. Results were robust whether using haplotype diversity or species-proxies (mOTUs) as response variables. Additionally, species-level models of common taxa adequately predict overall species richness.ConclusionsUnderstanding the bulk of the diversity around us is imperative during an era of biodiversity loss. We show that dark insect taxa can be efficiently characterized and surveyed with megabarcoding. Undersampling of rare taxa and choice of operational taxonomic units do not alter the main ecological inferences, making it an opportune time to tackle zoology’s dark matter.
Immunocompetent murine model of Ewing sarcoma reveals role for TGFβ inhibition to enhance immune infiltrates in Ewing tumors during radiation
Authors: Daley Jessica D. , Mukherjee Elina , Tufino A Carolina , Bailey Nathanael , Bhaskar Shanthi , Periyapatna Nivitha , MacFawn Ian , Kunning Sheryl , Hinck Cynthia , Bruno Tullia , Olson Adam C. , McAllister-Lucas Linda M. , Hinck Andrew P. , Cooper Kristine , Bao Riyue , Cillo Anthony R. , Bailey Kelly M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEwing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive cancer diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. The fusion oncoprotein (EWSR1::FLI1) that drives Ewing sarcoma is known to downregulateTGFBR2expression (part of the TGFβ receptor). BecauseTGFBR2is downregulated, it was thought that TGFβ likely plays an inconsequential role in Ewing biology. However, the expression of TGFβ in the Ewing tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and functional impact of TGFβ in the TIME remains largely unknown given the historical lack of immunocompetent preclinical models. Here, we use single-cell RNAseq analysis of human Ewing tumors to show that immune cells, such as NK cells, are the largest source of TGFβ production in human Ewing tumors. We develop a humanized (immunocompetent) mouse model of ES and demonstrate distinct TME signatures and metastatic potential in these models as compared to tumors developed in immunodeficient mice. Using this humanized model, we study the effect of TGFβ inhibition on the Ewing TME during radiation therapy, a treatment that both enhances TGFβ activation and is used to treat aggressive ES. Utilizing a trivalent ligand TGFβ TRAP to inhibit TGFβ, we demonstrate that in combination with radiation, TGFβ inhibition both increases ES immune cell infiltration and decreases lung metastatic burdenin vivo. The culmination of these data demonstrates the value of humanized models to address immunobiologic preclinical questions in Ewing sarcoma and suggests TGFβ inhibition as a promising intervention during radiation therapy to promote metastatic tumor control.
Selective agonism of GPR34 stimulates microglial uptake and clearance of amyloid β fibrils
Authors: Etani Hayato , Takatori Sho , Wang Wenbo , Omi Jumpei , Akahori Aika , Watanabe Hirotaka , Sonn Iki , Okano Hideyuki , Hara Norikazu , Hasegawa Mai , Miyashita Akinori , Kikuchi Masataka , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Morishima Maho , Saito Yuko , Murayama Shigeo , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C , Takai Toshiyuki , Ohwada Tomohiko , Aoki Junken , Tomita Taisuke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicroglia, the primary immune cells of the central nervous system, play a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis through phagocytosis of various substrates, including amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils, a hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating microglial Aβ uptake remain poorly understood. Here, we identified GPR34, a Gi/o-coupled receptor highly expressed in microglia, as a novel regulator of fibrillar Aβ phagocytosis. Treatment with a selective GPR34 agonist, M1, specifically enhanced uptake of Aβ fibrils, but not its monomer or oligomer, in both mouse and human microglia. Mechanistically, M1 reduced intracellular cAMP levels, which inversely correlated with Aβ uptake activity. Importantly, a single intrahippocampal injection of M1 in an AD mouse model significantly increased microglial Aβ uptake in vivo. Furthermore, single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis of Japanese AD patient samples revealed a significant reduction of GPR34 expression in microglia from AD patients compared to controls. We also observed an age-dependent decline in microglial GPR34 expression in both human and mouse datasets, suggesting a potential contribution of GPR34 downregulation to age-related Aβ accumulation and AD risk. Collectively, our findings identify GPR34 as a promising target for modulating microglial Aβ clearance and highlight the therapeutic potential of GPR34 agonists in AD.Significance statementAlzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain. Microglia, the brain’s immune cells, play a crucial role in the metabolism of Aβ. We discovered that activating the microglial receptor GPR34 with a selective agonist enhances the phagocytosis of Aβ fibrils, a key pathogenic form of Aβ. Importantly, GPR34 expression decreases with aging and AD progression, potentially contributing to impaired Aβ clearance. Our findings highlight GPR34 as a promising therapeutic target for AD, as boosting its activity could promote Aβ clearance and slow disease progression. This study provides valuable insights into microglial function in AD and offers a novel strategy for developing disease-modifying therapies.