bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arachnoid granulations in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Do they have an influence?
Authors: Schievelkamp Arndt‐Hendrik , Wägele Pia , Hattingen Elke 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the relative narrowing of the dural venous sinuses by arachnoid granulations (AGs) is more pronounced in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) compared to healthy controls.BackgroundIIH is characterized by increased intracranial pressure, which is associated with symptoms such as headache and visual disturbances. The role of cerebral venous drainage obstruction in IIH is the subject of ongoing research.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective case–control study, 3D contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance images of a cohort of 43 patients with IIH were evaluated for (1) the number of AGs per venous sinus and (2) the diameters of the dural venous sinuses at the site of an AG and at standardized measurement points. In addition, the minimum width of the transverse/sigmoid sinus was measured. All data were compared to the same data from a cohort of 43 control participants.ResultsPatients with IIH showed less relative sinus narrowing by AG compared to controls (median: 7%, interquartile range [IQR] 10% vs. 11%, IQR 9% in controls; p = 0.009). In patients with IIH, sinus diameter was larger at the site of an AG (70 ± 25 mm2) compared to its diameter at the standardized measurement point (48 ± 23 mm2; p = 0.010). In the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), patients with IIH had smaller AGs (median: 3 mm2, IQR 2 mm2 vs. 5 mm2, IQR 3 mm2 in controls; p = 0.023) while the respective sinus segment was larger (median: 69 mm2; IQR 21 mm2 vs. 52 mm2, IQR 26 mm2 in controls; p = 0.002). The right transverse sinus was narrower in patients with IIH (41 ± 21 mm vs. 57 ± 20 mm in controls; p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn contrast to our hypothesis, patients with IIH showed less pronounced relative sinus narrowing by AG compared to controls, especially within the SSS, where AGs were smaller and the corresponding sinus segment wider. Smaller AGs could result in lower cerebrospinal fluid resorption, favoring the development of IIH. Conversely, the smaller AGs could also be a consequence of IIH due to backpressure in the SSS because of the narrower transverse/sigmoid sinus, which widens the SSS and compresses the AG.
The HepHIV 2023 Madrid conference: A call to action for political leadership in reaching the sustainable development goals on earlier testing and linkage to care for HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Simões Daniel , Raben Dorthe , Moran Alejandro Bertó , Imaz Arkaitz , Stengaard Annemarie Rinder , Raahauge Anne , Sullivan Ann K. , Vaughan Elena , Brännström Johanna , De Baetselier Irith , Platteau Tom , Casabona Jordi , Del Amo Julia ,   the 2023 HepHIV Conference Organising Committee and the EuroTEST Steering Committee
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesThe HepHIV 2023 Conference, held in Madrid in November 2023, highlighted how Europe is not on track to meet the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals and Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) targets. This article presents the outcomes of the conference, which focus on ways to improve testing and linkage to care for HIV, viral hepatitis, and other sexually transmitted infections. HIV‐related stigma and discrimination, a major barrier to progress, was a key concept of the conference and on the agenda of the Spanish Presidency of the European Union.MethodsThe HepHIV 2023 organizing committee, alongside the Spanish Ministry of Health, oversaw the conference organization and prepared the scientific programme based on abstract rankings. Key outcomes are derived from conference presentations and discussions.ResultsConference presentations covered the obstacles that HIV‐related stigma and discrimination continue to pose to access to services, models for data collection to better monitor progress in the future, and examples of legislative action that can be taken at national levels. Diversification of testing approaches was also highlighted, to reach key populations, (e.g. migrant populations), to increase testing offered in healthcare settings (e.g. emergency departments), and to account for different stages of epidemics across the region.ConclusionWith a strong call for intensified action to address the impact of HIV‐related stigma and discrimination on testing uptake, the conference concluded that strengthened collaboration is required between governments and implementers around testing and linkage to care. There is also an ongoing need to ensure sustainable political commitment and appropriate resource allocation to address gaps and inequalities in access for key populations and to focus on the implementation of integrated responses to HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections.
Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of scabies
Authors: Uzun Soner , Durdu Murat , Yürekli Aslan , Mülayim Mehmet K. , Akyol Melih , Velipaşaoğlu Sevtap , Harman Mehmet , Taylan‐Özkan Ayşegül , Şavk Ekin , Demir‐Dora Devrim , Dönmez Levent , Gazi Umut , Aktaş Habibullah , Aktürk Aysun Ş. , Demir Gülay , Göktay Fatih , Gürel Mehmet S. , Gürok Neşe G. , Karadağ Ayşe S. , Küçük Özlem S. , Turan Çağrı , Ozden Müge G. , Ural Zeynep K. , Zorbozan Orçun , Mumcuoğlu Kosta Y. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractScabies, caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis mite burrowing into the skin, is a highly contagious disease characterized by intense nocturnal itching. Its global impact is considerable, affecting more than 200 million individuals annually and posing significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Transmission occurs primarily through direct skin‐to‐skin contact, contributing to its widespread prevalence and emergence as a substantial public health concern affecting large populations. This review presents consensus‐based clinical practice guidelines for diagnosing and managing scabies, developed through the fuzzy Delphi method by dermatology, parasitology, pediatrics, pharmacology, and public health experts. The presence of burrows containing adult female mites, their eggs, and excreta is the diagnostic hallmark of scabies. Definitive diagnosis typically involves direct microscopic examination of skin scrapings obtained from these burrows, although dermoscopy has become a diagnostic tool in clinical practice. Treatment modalities encompass topical agents, such as permethrin, balsam of Peru, precipitated sulfur, and benzyl benzoate. In cases where topical therapy proves inadequate or in instances of crusted scabies, oral ivermectin is recommended as a systemic treatment option. This comprehensive approach addresses the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with scabies, optimizing patient care, and management outcomes.
Jet milling‐activated direct synthesis of octenyl succinic anhydride modified starch: an analysis of structural and application properties
Authors: Lang Shuangjing , Sui Chunguang , Wang Lidong 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe synthesis of octenyl succinic anhydride‐modified starch was achieved through a fluidised bed activated by jet milling with graded revolution rates of 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000, and 3600 rpm. This study investigated the changes in the structural, physicochemical, and application properties of modified starch after jet milling. The results showed that modified starch can be synthesised using a one‐step jet milling process. The degree of substitution increased with a decrease in the starch particle size, resulting in a rough granule morphology. Structural analysis revealed that crystalline areas were destroyed in the modified starches. In the Fourier‐infrared spectrum, typical peaks appeared at 1724 and 1573 cm−1 upon introduction of the octenyl succinic anhydride group, whereas a new sodium peak appeared in the XPS spectrogram. The 1H‐NMR spectrum indicated that the esterification reaction mainly occurred on OH2 groups. The emulsification properties of the modified starch were significantly enhanced and increased with the crushing strength. The octenyl succinic anhydride‐modified starch has potential as a wall material for microcapsules, with good embedding rate and thermal stability. This novel synthesis method represents an innovative method for the synthesis of OSA‐starches.
CD5L is upregulated upon infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis with no effect on disease progression
Authors: Cardoso Marcos S. , Gonçalves Rute , Oliveira Liliana , Silvério Diogo , Téllez Érica , Paul Tony , Sarrias Maria Rosa , Carmo Alexandre M. , Saraiva Margarida 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) alone caused over a billion deaths in the last 200 years, making it one of the deadliest diseases to humankind. Understanding the immune mechanisms underlying protection or pathology in TB is key to uncover the much needed innovative approaches to tackle TB. The scavenger receptor cysteine‐rich molecule CD5 antigen‐like (CD5L) has been associated with TB, but whether and how CD5L shapes the immune response during the course of disease remains poorly understood. Here, we show an upregulation of CD5L in circulation and at the site of infection in C57BL/6 Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐infected mice. To investigate the role of CD5L in TB, we studied the progression of M. tuberculosis aerosol infection in a recently described genetically engineered mouse model lacking CD5L. Despite the increase of CD5L during infection of wild‐type mice, absence of CD5L did not impact bacterial burden, histopathology or survival of infected mice. Absence of CD5L associated with a modest increase in the numbers of CD4+ T cells and the expression of IFN‐γ in the lungs of infected mice, with no major effect in overall immune cell dynamics. Collectively, this study confirms CD5L as a potential diagnostic biomarker to TB, showing no discernible impact on the outcome of the infection.
Porous ZrO2–ZrO2 ceramics with excellent mechanical strength and permeability for transpiration cooling
Authors: Zhang Bo , Li Yunhui , Fan Xueling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe great development of transpiration cooling technology challenges the coolant medium seriously. In this paper, porous ZrO2–ZrO2 ceramics have been satisfactorily prepared to meet the requirements of the coolant medium in transpiration cooling. The results illustrate that porous ZrO2–ZrO2 ceramics have excellent compressive strengths; meanwhile, percentages of compressive strength difference (parallel and perpendicular to the mold‐pressing direction) have an upward trend due to the increasing fiber contents. Besides, the failure mode has a huge distinction between parallelity (45° oblique section) and perpendicularity (wedge shape). These ceramics have unimodal pore size distribution (2–10 µm), and their wettability has a substantial improvement reflected by contact angle from 118° to 0°. Permeability behavior across these ceramics has been accurately described using the Darcy–Forchheimer equation, while obtaining viscous and inertial resistance coefficients, respectively. This work can provide an essential reference for coolant medium in transpiration cooling.
Exploring rural Nurses' preparedness and post‐resuscitation experiences. An ethnographic study
Authors: Riley Katherine , Middleton Rebekkah , Molloy Luke , Wilson Val 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimThe focus of this paper is to provide a detailed ethnographic exploration of rural nurses' experiences of their resuscitation preparedness and the subsequent post‐resuscitation period.DesignAn ethnographic study across two small rural hospital sites in New South Wales, Australia.MethodsFieldwork was undertaken between December 2020 and March 2022 and included over 240 h of nonparticipant observation, journalling and interviews. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThe first key theme—‘Sense of Preparedness’—included three subthemes: ‘Gaining experience’, ‘Issues with training and education’ and ‘Lack of warning’. The second key theme ‘Aftermath’ comprised two subthemes: ‘Getting on with it’ and ‘Making sense of the resus’.ConclusionThis study has highlighted the intricate relationship between resuscitative preparedness and the post‐resuscitation period in shaping rural nurse's experiences and their well‐being. Rural nurses are asking for an authentic and contextually relevant training experience that mirrors the unique rural challenges they experience. In the absence of frequent resuscitation presentations, the post‐resuscitation period should be viewed as a crucible moment that can be leveraged as a valuable learning opportunity enhancing rural nurses' sense of preparedness and the provision of quality resuscitation care.ImpactHaving a greater level of insight into the challenges that rural nurses experience in the pre‐ and post‐resuscitation period is critical. This insight opens the door for fortifying policies and work processes that will better support rural nurses in the resuscitation environment.Reporting MethodReporting complied with COREQ criteria for qualitative research.No Patient or Public ContributionThis study explored the experiences of rural nurses. No patient data were collected.
Artificial intelligence in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis: a comprehensive review of current literature
Authors: Chatzipanagiotou Odysseas P. , Loukas Constantinos , Vailas Michail , Machairas Nikolaos , Kykalos Stylianos , Charalampopoulos Georgios , Filippiadis Dimitrios , Felekouras Evangellos , Schizas Dimitrios 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis mainly relies on its pathognomonic radiological profile, obviating the need for biopsy. The project of incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in HCC aims to improve the performance of image recognition. Herein, we thoroughly analyze and evaluate proposed AI models in the field of HCC diagnosis.MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature was performed utilizing MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science databases with the end of search date being the 30th of September 2023. The MESH terms “Artificial Intelligence,” “Liver Cancer,” “Hepatocellular Carcinoma,” “Machine Learning,” and “Deep Learning” were searched in the title and/or abstract. All references of the obtained articles were also evaluated for any additional information.ResultsOur search resulted in 183 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. Across all diagnostic modalities, reported area under the curve (AUC) of most developed models surpassed 0.900. A B‐mode US and a contrast‐enhanced US model achieved AUCs of 0.947 and 0.957, respectively. Regarding the more challenging task of HCC diagnosis, a 2021 deep learning model, trained with CT scans, classified hepatic malignant lesions with an AUC of 0.986. Finally, a MRI machine learning model developed in 2021 displayed an AUC of 0.975 when differentiating small HCCs from benign lesions, while another MRI‐based model achieved HCC diagnosis with an AUC of 0.970.ConclusionsAI tools may lead to significant improvement in diagnostic management of HCC. Many models fared better or comparable to experienced radiologists while proving capable of elevating radiologists' accuracy, demonstrating promising results for AI implementation in HCC‐related diagnostic tasks.
Economic, Psychological, and Emotional Well‐Being of Pregnant Women During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Eldeirawi Kamal M. , Persky Victoria W. , Zielke Cameron , Goldstein Ellen , Bimbi Olivia , Saenz Jennifer , Mustafa Zane , Jumah Tamara A. , Ramirez Xavier R. , Aldirawi Ali , Quinn Laurie , Hernandez Rosalba 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThe intersection between perinatal mental health and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic remains of significant public health importance. The current study examined the emotional and financial well‐being and predictors of elevated depressive symptoms among pregnant women during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis online survey was conducted with 2118 women ≥18 years old who were pregnant at the time of the survey and living in the United States or Puerto Rico. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, with scores ≥10 indicative of elevated depressive symptoms. The final logistic regression model included housing insecurity, financial distress, COVID‐19 diagnosis, exposure to COVID‐19, and demographic covariates.ResultsMore than half the sample (53.8%) had elevated depressive symptoms. In logistic regression analyses, the odds of having elevated depressive symptoms were significantly higher for participants reporting housing insecurity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.22‐2.01), financial distress (aOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.17‐2.12), COVID‐19 diagnosis (aOR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.53‐4.17), and COVID‐19 exposure (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.86), after adjusting for covariates. The association of elevated depressive symptoms with housing insecurity was especially strong among those who experienced COVID‐19 (aOR, 6.04; 95% CI, 2.15‐17.0).DiscussionOur findings are consistent with previous literature revealing that diagnosis, exposure, concerns about family, and effects on financial stability were related to depressive symptoms during the pandemic. The relationships between financial and housing concerns with elevated depressive symptoms, independent of concerns about infection in family members, suggest that there may be direct and indirect effects of the pandemic on mental health.
Resiliency process in the family after childhood leukaemia diagnosis: A longitudinal qualitative study
Authors: Huang Yingying , Chen Meijia , Wang Yuxin , Qi Yi , Zhang Liping , Dong Chaoqun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsTo construct a conceptual framework on the process of family resilience during the first year following childhood leukaemia diagnosis.DesignA longitudinal qualitative interview study.MethodsA longitudinal qualitative study following a grounded theory methodology was employed. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents of children with leukaemia in a general hospital. The participants were recruited through purposive and theoretical sampling and longitudinal engagement was achieved by conducting interviews at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the leukaemia diagnosis. The core category and categories were saturated following the enrolment of parents of children with leukaemia. Data collection and analyses were performed simultaneously.ResultsSixteen parents of children with leukaemia participated. The core category of ‘families living with childhood leukaemia’ refers to the process of family resilience during the first year following childhood leukaemia diagnosis, which includes three phases: (1) destruction and resiliency period; (2) adjustment and consolidation period; and (3) growth and planning period.ConclusionThis study explored the dynamic, complex and continuous processes of resilience among families coping with childhood leukaemia during the first year following diagnosis. Further research should design tailored family interventions that characterise the different phases of family resilience, aiming to support family well‐being, integrity and functioning.Implications for the profession and/or patient careBoth families and healthcare professionals must create an enabling environment that supports families coping with difficulties. Understanding the different phases of family resilience allows healthcare professionals to provide holistic care that meets the demands of families with childhood leukaemia.ImpactUnique knowledge emerged about the family's resiliency process when facing childhood leukaemia, suggesting a family‐led revolution in understanding and managing childhood leukaemia. Therefore, the development of phased, resilience‐based family interventions is imperative.Reporting methodThis study was reported using the COREQ checklist.Patient or public contributionPatients contributed via study participation.
The vanishing applicant: Uncovering aberrant antecedents to ghosting behaviour
Authors: Lyons Brian D. , Moorman Robert H. , Michel John W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearch suggests that both applicants and organizations may withdraw from the recruitment and selection process without notice. This behaviour, referred to as ‘ghosting’, is prevalent yet empirical research on this topic is unfortunately scarce. To gain greater clarity, the current study examines the antecedents of applicant ghosting behaviour, which we place within the nomological network of maladaptive workplace behaviour. Drawing on an interactionist framework, we examine the role of aberrant dispositional characteristics – the Dark Triad, self‐control and fear of missing out (FoMO) – in predicting applicant ghosting behaviour. We also draw on trait activation and conservation of resources theories to examine how the experience of being ghosted before moderates these relationships between aberrant dispositional characteristics and ghosting behaviour. Results from a two‐wave design suggest that psychopathy and FoMO positively predicted ghosting behaviour and being ghosted before moderated relationships between both (a) self‐control and ghosting behaviour and (b) FoMO and ghosting behaviour. Qualitative data suggest that perceived fit and interest, communication and ghosting norms, company culture and behaviour, and compensation and benefits were the primary reasons why applicants engage in ghosting behaviour. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results and offer future research directions in this nascent field.