bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for intensification and maintenance of numerically simulated dust devils
Authors: Ohno Hiroshi , Takemi Tetsuya 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA large eddy simulation (LES) of a well‐developed convective boundary layer (CBL) under no mean wind condition was performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting model in order to investigate the mechanisms for the intensification and maintenance of dust devils. By examining intense vortices from high temporal‐frequency outputs, it was found that most of the intense vortices are intensified through the merger of multiple vortices. Moreover, such a significantly intense vortex was maintained and more enhanced by additionally merging small‐scale vortices and tilting horizontal vortices at boundaries of convective cells. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Synthesis of the proteinase inhibitor LEKTI domain 6 by the fragment condensation method and regioselective disulfide bond formation
Authors: Vasileiou Zoe , Barlos Kostas K. , Gatos Dimitrios , Adermann Knut , Deraison Celine , Barlos Kleomenis 
Published: January 2010

AbstractProteinase inhibitors are of high pharmaceutical interest and are drug candidates for a variety of indications. Specific kallikrein inhibitors are important for their antitumor activity and their potential application to the treatment of skin diseases. In this study we describe the synthesis of domain 6 of the kallikrein inhibitor Lympho‐Epithilial Kazal‐Type Inhibitor (LEKTI) by the fragment condensation method and site‐directed cystine bridge formation. To obtain the linear LEKTI precursor, the condensation was best performed in solution, coupling the protected fragment 1‐22 to 23‐68. This method yielded LEKTI domain 6 of high purity and equipotent to the recombinantly produced peptide. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 339–349, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Corticosterone exerts immunostimulatory effects on macrophages via endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Zhou J-Y , Zhong H-J , Yang C , Yan J , Wang H-Y , Jiang J-X 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundGlucocorticoids are the central effector hormones for the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. However, the effects of endogenous glucocorticoids on the immune system are not understood completely.MethodsMacrophage function (adherence, chemotaxis and cytokine production) was assessed in the presence of increasing concentrations of corticosterone. The role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in corticosterone immunoregulation was determined with thapsigargin and plasmid pGCL-GFP-siXBP1. Mifepristone was used to determine the role of glucocorticoid receptor in the corticosterone-induced ER stress response.ResultsCorticosterone exerted immunostimulatory effects on macrophage function at low concentrations. No effects were observed at high concentrations in the absence of immunological stimulation. Low-dose corticosterone induced ER stress, which was correlated to the corticosterone immunostimulatory activities. Expression of X box-binding protein (XBP) 1, but not activating transcription factor 6, was significantly increased at both mRNA and protein levels only in the presence of low-dose corticosterone. Inhibition of XBP1 expression with small interfering RNA significantly inhibited the corticosterone immunostimulatory effects. In addition, pretreatment of macrophages with mifepristone significantly inhibited the expression of glucose response protein 78 and XBP1 in macrophages by low-dose corticosterone.ConclusionAt low concentrations, endogenous glucocorticoids exert immunostimulatory actions on macrophages. The underlying mechanisms may be correlated to ER stress via the glucocorticoid receptor, in which XBP1 plays an important role.
Risk factors and incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients after elective and emergency surgery
Authors: Ansaloni L , Catena F , Chattat R , Fortuna D , Franceschi C , Mascitti P , Melotti R M 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
This study evaluated the incidence of postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing general surgery, the risk factors associated with POD, and its impact on hospital stay and mortality.

Methods
Patients aged over 65 years who had emergency or elective operations were eligible for this case–control study. Risk factors significantly associated with POD using univariable analysis were entered into multivariable analysis, to establish those independently associated with POD.

Results
A total of 351 patients (357 admissions) were enrolled in the study. The incidence of POD was 13·2 per cent (17·9 per cent for emergency operations). Independent variables associated with POD were: age above 75 years, co-morbidity, preoperative cognitive impairment, psychopathological symptoms and abnormal glycaemic control. Median length of hospital stay was 21 (range 1–75) days for patients with POD versus 8 (range 1–79) days for control patients (P &lt; 0·001). The hospital mortality rate was 19 and 8·4 per cent respectively (P = 0·021).

Conclusion
The incidence of POD is high in elderly patients for both emergency and elective surgery, leading to an increase in hospital stay and perioperative mortality. To minimize POD, associated risk factors of co-morbidity, cognitive impairment, psychopathology and abnormal glycaemic control must be identified and treated.
Meta-analysis of the effect of peritoneal lavage on survival in experimental peritonitis
Authors: Qadan M , Dajani D , Dickinson A , Polk H C 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
Morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial peritonitis remain a challenge for contemporary surgery. Despite great surgical improvements, death rates have not improved. A secondary debate concerns the volume and nature of peritoneal lavage or washout—what volume, what carrier and what, if any, antibiotic or antiseptic?

Methods
A literature search of experimental studies assessing the effect of peritoneal lavage following peritonitis was conducted using Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Twenty-three trials met predetermined inclusion criteria. Data were pooled and relative risks calculated.

Results
In an experimental peritonitis setting a mortality rate of 48·9 per cent (238 of 487) was found for saline lavage compared with 16·4 per cent (106 of 647) for antibiotic lavage (absolute risk reduction (ARR) 32·5 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 27·1 to 37·7) per cent; (P &lt; 0·001). An ARR of 25·0 (95 per cent c.i. 17·9 to 31·7) per cent P &lt; 0·001) was found for the use of saline compared with no lavage at all. The survival benefit persisted regardless of systemic antibiotic therapy. Antiseptic lavage was associated with a very high mortality rate (75·0 per cent).

Conclusion
Pooled data from studies in experimental peritonitis demonstrated a significant reduction in mortality with antibiotic lavage.
Diagnostic value of p16INK4A, Ki‐67, and human papillomavirus L1 capsid protein immunochemical staining on cell blocks from residual liquid‐based gynecologic cytology specimens
Authors: Yu Li , Wang Liantang , Zhong Juemin , Chen Shangwu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:This study was conducted to evaluate the reliability and role of cell block preparations in the diagnosis of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the cervix and to improve the value of cell block preparations in diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of cervical lesions through immunostaining of p16INK4A (p16), Ki‐67, and human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 capsid protein (HPV L1).METHODS:In total, 138 specimens were diagnosed on liquid‐based cytology (LBC) and cell block preparations, and 63 specimens were subjected subsequently to tissue follow‐up and immunostaining for p16, Ki‐67, and HPV L1 on cell block sections.RESULTS:In 42 specimens that were diagnosed as low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on cell blocks, 38 specimens (90.5%) were confirmed by histopathologic reports, and there was slightly better than 81.6% agreement between LBC and tissue follow‐up. Immunointensity and cells that were positive for p16 were enhanced according to increased pathologic grade and differed statistically between cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN‐1) and CIN‐2/CIN‐3 as well as SCC. The positive rates of HPV L1 decreased gradually according to the severity of cervical neoplasia, and HPV L1/p16 expression patterns were related to the severity of cervical lesions.CONCLUSIONS:The cell block preparation technique was complementary to LBC, and the authors concluded that the application of LBC combined with cell block preparations may improve the diagnostic accuracy of cytology. Immunostaining for p16 and Ki‐67 on cell block preparations can help to improve the diagnostic accuracy of HSIL and SCC. A combined expression pattern of p16 and HPV L1 may serve as a valuable index for predicting prognosis and follow‐up of cervical dysplastic lesions. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Ultrafast Decay of the Excited Singlet States of Thioxanthone by Internal Conversion and Intersystem Crossing
Authors: Angulo Gonzalo , Grilj Jakob , Vauthey Eric , Serrano‐Andrés Luis , Rubio‐Pons Òscar , Jacques Patrice 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe experimental ultrafast photophysics of thioxanthone in several aprotic organic solvents at room temperature is presented, measured using femtosecond transient absorption together with high‐level ab initio CASPT2 calculations of the singlet‐ and triplet‐state manifolds in the gas phase, including computed state minima and conical intersections, transition energies, oscillator strengths, and spin–orbit coupling terms. The initially populated singlet ππ* state is shown to decay through internal conversion and intersystem crossing processes via intermediate nπ* singlet and triplet states, respectively. Two easily accessible conical intersections explain the favorable internal conversion rates and low fluorescence quantum yields in nonpolar media. The presence of a singlet–triplet crossing near the singlet ππ* minimum and the large spin–orbit coupling terms also rationalize the high intersystem crossing rates. A phenomenological kinetic scheme is proposed that accounts for the decrease in internal conversion and intersystem crossing (i.e. the very large experimental crescendo of the fluorescence quantum yield) with the increase of solvent polarity.
A load balancing energy efficient clustering algorithm for MANETs
Authors: Safa H. , Mirza O. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNodes in mobilead hocNetworks (MANETs) are characterized by their limited resources. Hence, the concept of clustering was introduced to allow spacial reuse of bandwidth and to minimize routing overhead. However, node mobility perturbs the stability of the network and affects the performance of other protocols such as scheduling, routing, and resource allocation, which makes re‐clustering the network to maintain up‐to‐date information at each node unavoidable. Consequently, clustering models for MANETS should be carefully designed while taking into consideration the fact that mobile nodes are energy constrained. In this paper, we propose a dynamic energy‐efficient clustering algorithm that prolongs the network lifetime by electing cluster‐heads taking into consideration, in addition to other parameters such as mobility, their residual energies and making them dynamically monitor their energy consumption to either diminish the number of their cluster‐members or relinquish their roles. We have evaluated the performance of the proposed clustering model and compared it with other related clustering approaches found in the literature. Obtained results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A zone‐control induction heating (ZCIH) system for semiconductor processing
Authors: Fujita Hideaki , Ozaki Kazuhiro , Uchida Naoki 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper proposes a new induction heating technology capable of controlling a precise exothermic distribution, which is termed zone‐control induction heating (ZCIH). The ZCIH system consists of two or more sets of a high‐frequency inverter unit and a work coil. The inverter units control the phase angle of the coil current to be in phase with each other. The ZCIH has the capability of operation with the mutual inductance, and enables locating the coils as close as possible. As a result, the ZCIH technology makes it possible to achieve rapid heating performance with extremely precise exothermic distribution. This paper presents experimental results of a 150‐kW six‐zone ZCIH system for semiconductor heat processing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 171(1): 37–45, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20908
Characteristics of creeping discharge developed in narrow gap on a filamentous backside electrode
Authors: Hirata Tomoyuki , Koga Mitsumasa , Ueno Hideki , Nakayama Hiroshi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe describe the characteristics of a creeping discharge developed in a narrow gap with a backside electrode, under microsecond pulse voltage application. In a gas mixture of 3% SF6in N2, the flashover voltage at pressures of 0.2 and 0.3 MPa decreased by approximately 5% compared to that of 0.1 MPa when using both a filamentous straight backside electrode and a filamentous curved backside electrode. V‐characteristics with decreased flashover voltage were obtained with SF6mixtures in N2. We obtained V‐characteristics of the flashover voltage for SF6concentrations in the range ofD=3 to 100% for a filamentous backside electrode. The flashover voltages obtained with a filamentous straight backside electrode were higher than those obtained with a filamentous curved backside electrode. From corona observation using an ultra‐high‐speed camera, it was found that the flashover is generated along the backside electrode. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 171(1): 1–9, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20955
Synthesis of Three‐Quarter‐Sphere‐Like γ‐AlOOH Superstructures with High Adsorptive Capacity
Authors: Zhu You , Hou Hongwei , Tang Gangling , Hu Qingyuan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThree‐quarter‐sphere‐like γ‐AlOOH superstructures were successfully fabricated by a simple hydrothermal route exploiting the layered hydroxide structure. Several techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), DSC thermal analysis, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements were used to characterize the products. The possible formation mechanism of the three‐quarter‐sphere‐like structure was proposed and discussed. The γ‐AlOOH superstructures have high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and high adsorptive capacity. On the basis of these properties, they could be potentially used for removing chromium ions from highly toxic pollutant solutions and harmful tobacco‐specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) from cigarette smoke.
Zinc(II), Copper(II), and Nickel(II) Complexes of Bis(tripodal) Diamide Ligands – Reversible Switching of the Amide Coordination Mode upon Deprotonation
Authors: Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Schröder Henning , Pape Tania , Hupka Florian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA series of dinuclear Zn(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes of two new bis‐tripodal ligands with aromatic (H2‐4a) and aliphatic (H2‐4b) diamide spacers has been synthesized and structurally characterized. Each of the two tripodal entities of the neutral dinucleating ligands coordinates to one metal ion via three amine functions and a carbonyl oxygen atom of the amide groups. Either trifluoroacetate counterions or solvent molecules complete the trigonal‐bipyramidal (Zn, 5a), square‐pyramidal (Cu, 6a and 6b), and octahedral (Ni, 7a and 7b) coordination environment at the metal centers. Complexes 5a, 6a, and 7a with the phenylene‐bridged diamide ligand are readily deprotonated by potassium tert‐butoxide effecting a rearrangement of the dinuclear complexes. In the resulting zinc and copper complexes 8 and 9, one of the metal centers is coordinated by three amine functions of a tripodal subunit and the two amidate nitrogen atoms of the deprotonated ligand 4a2– while the coordination geometry of the second metal atom remains unchanged. The analogous nickel compound crystallizes as neutral tetranuclear complex (10)2 with intermolecular coordination of two amide carbonyl oxygen atoms to the nickel atoms of an adjacent dinuclear complex. The resulting coordination mode with binding of all four donor functions of the diamide spacer to three discrete metal centers is to date unprecedented for ortho‐phenylene‐bridged acetamides. The rearrangement upon deprotonation has been shown to be fully reversible and the starting complexes can be retrieved upon protonation of the two amidate functions. Synthesis of the trinuclear zinc complex 11 with coordination of the two amidate nitrogen atoms to a third metal center was achieved via deprotonation of (H6‐4a)(CF3CO2)4 by three equivalents of diethylzinc. In protic solvents 11 rapidly rearranges to give the entropically favored dinuclear complex 8 with elimination of one equivalent of zinc trifluoroacetate.
Ordering Phenomena in Complex Chalcogenides – the Showcase of A2In12Q19 (A = K, Tl, NH4; Q = Se, Te) and Pseudobinary In2Q3 (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 3/2010)
Authors: Kienle Lorenz , Schlosser Marc , Manos Manolis J. , Malliakas Christos D. , Duppel Viola , Reiner Christof , Deiseroth Hans‐Jörg , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Kelm Klemens , Simon Arndt 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows the structural complexity of the A2In12Q19 phases, which was unravelled by a combined methodical approach including state‐of‐the‐art XRD and HRTEM techniques (background). An ordered arrangement of the atoms is limited to nanodomains built from the extended structural fragments (foreground) that constitute these crystalline solids as a whole. Details are discussed in the article by H.‐J. Deiseroth et al. on p. 367 ff.
Di‐ and Trifluorobenzenes in Reactions with Me2EM (E = P, N; M = SiMe3, SnMe3, Li) Reagents: Evidence for a Concerted Mechanism of Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution
Authors: Goryunov Leonid I. , Grobe Joseph , Le Van Duc , Shteingarts Vitalij D. , Mews Rüdiger , Lork Enno , Würthwein Ernst‐Ulrich 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDimethyl(trimethylsilyl)phosphane (Me3SiPMe2) has been successfully used for the substitution of fluorine variously in 1,3‐ (1) or 1,2‐difluorobenzene (2) or in 1,3,5‐ (3) or 1,2,3‐trifluorobenzene (4) by the Me2P group at 150–190 °C either in benzene solution or without solvent to give 1‐(dimethylphosphanyl)‐3‐fluorobenzene (5) from 1, 1‐(dimethylphosphanyl)‐2‐fluorobenzene (6) from 2, 1‐(dimethylphosphanyl)‐3,5‐difluorobenzene (7) from 3 or a 1:1 mixture of 1‐(dimethylphosphanyl)‐2,3‐difluorobenzene (8) and 1‐(dimethylphosphanyl)‐2,6‐difluorobenzene (9) from 4. The substrate selectivities and regioselectivities exhibited by 4 with Me3SiPMe2 and in competitive reactions between 1 and 2 or 3 and 4 with Me2PSiMe3, Me2PSnMe3 or Me2PLi indicate relative fluorine substituent rate factors fo‐F > fm‐F, whereas for reactions that proceed through a two‐step SNAr mechanism the opposite sequence is typical. High‐level quantum‐chemical DFT and MP2 calculations predict that the gas‐phase reactions should each proceed by a concerted mechanism with a single transition state. These predictions are in good agreement with the experimental observations, especially because the structural features of the Meisenheimer adduct are unfavourable for the SNAr mechanism. This proposal is consistent with the observation of the opposite sequence (fm‐F > fo‐F) for the reactions between the same substrates and MeONa in DMSO/CH3OH solvent mixtures. The novel phosphanes were characterized by spectroscopic (NMR) and spectrometric (MS) investigation, preparation of the thiophosphanes ArFPSMe2 10–12, their spectroscopic data and, in the case of 12, by its X‐ray structure. The phosphanes 5–9 were treated with bis(benzonitrile)dichloropalladium(II) to afford the corresponding bis(phosphane)palladium dichloride complexes 17–21 and 23 in isolated yields of up to 95 %.
A nBuLi‐Mediated, Expeditious and Stereoselective Ring‐Opening Rearrangement of (Arylmethylene)cyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates
Authors: Hu Bao , Jiang Linan , Ren Jun , Wang Zhongwen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe report herein an nBuLi‐mediated, expeditious, ring‐opening rearrangement of (arylmethylene)cyclopropane 1,1‐diesters to prepare 1,3‐diene derivatives with good stereoselectivity. The reaction mechanism has also been discussed.
A 2D Layered Chiral Supramolecular Organic Fluorophore Composed of 1‐Amino‐2‐indanol and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Imai Yoshitane , Shiota Naoki , Kinuta Takafumi , Okuno Takahiro , Nakano Yoko , Harada Takunori , Sato Tomohiro , Fujiki Michiya , Kuroda Reiko , Matsubara Yoshio 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA chiral anthracenecarboxylic acid/amine supramolecular organic fluorophore composed of a 2D layered network structure was developed by combining 1‐amino‐2‐indanol and 2‐anthracenecarboxylic acid molecules. This 2D, chiral fluorophore exhibits circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) without quenching the fluorescence in the solid state.
Synthesis of 3‐Methylenecyclohexan‐1‐ols by Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cyclization of (Epoxy–allyl)silanes
Authors: Pulido Francisco J. , Barbero Asunción , Castreño Pilar 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA new route for the synthesis of (epoxy–allyl)silanes bearing the PhMe2Si group has been developed and their acid‐catalyzed cyclization studied. The so‐called normal products derived from 5‐exo or 6‐endo attack were never obtained. On the contrary, an interesting tandem rearrangement/cyclization process was observed, which selectively led to 3‐methylenecyclohexan‐1‐ols. A mechanism is proposed to explain this tandem reaction. The stereoselectivity of the cyclization process depends on the nature of the catalyst.
Fabrication of New Magnetic Nanoparticles (Fe3O4) Grafted Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes and Heterocyclic Compound Modified Electrode for Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Huang Hui , Liu Xingmei , Zhang Xueyu , Liu Weilu , Su Xingguang , Zhang Zhiquan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (nano‐Fe3O4 MWNTs) were prepared for electrochemical sensors. 2‐amino‐5‐mercapto‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole was used as a connecter to form a network that connected nano‐Fe3O4 MWNTs to the Au electrode surface. Modified process of the electrode was studied with SEM, TEM and cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometric i‐t curve were used to investigate characteristics of the obtained electrode. The sensor has been successfully used on the direct detection of catechol and showed excellent performances. The linear regression equation was Ipa(μA)=0.07763+0.16739 C (μmol/L); R=0.9993 and the detection limit was 5.38×10−8 mol/L. The modified electrode showed good reproducibility and stability.