bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active and Passive Smoking and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study
Authors: Heinen Mirjam M. , Verhage Bas A.J. , Goldbohm R. Alexandra , van den Brandt Piet A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground: To date, cigarette smoking is the most consistent risk factor for pancreatic cancer. We prospectively examined the role of active cigarette smoking, smoking cessation, and passive smoking as determinants for pancreatic cancer.Methods: The Netherlands Cohort Study consisted of 120,852 men and women who completed a baseline questionnaire in 1986. After 16.3 years of follow-up, 520 incident pancreatic cancer cases were available for analysis. A case-cohort approach was employed using the person-years of follow-up of a random subcohort (n = 5,000), which was chosen immediately after baseline.Results: Compared with never cigarette smokers, both former and current cigarette smokers had an increased pancreatic cancer risk [multivariable-adjusted hazard rate ratio (HR), 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.75 and HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.40-2.38, respectively]. We observed an increased pancreatic cancer risk per increment of 10 years of smoking (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.08-1.22) and an HR of 1.08 per increment of 10 cigarettes/d (95% CI, 0.98-1.19). Quitting smoking gradually reduced pancreatic cancer risk and approached unity after ≥20 years of quitting. No association was observed for passive smoking exposure and pancreatic cancer risk in women; in men, this association was not investigated because &gt;90% of the men were ever smokers.Conclusions: Overall, our findings confirmed that cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for pancreatic cancer, whereas quitting smoking reduced risk. No association was observed between passive smoking exposure and pancreatic cancer risk in women.Impact: Quitting smoking would benefit the burden on pancreatic cancer incidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(6); 1612–22. ©2010 AACR.
Associations of Plasma C-Peptide and IGFBP-1 Levels with Risk of Colorectal Adenoma in a Multiethnic Population
Authors: Le Marchand Loïc , Wang Hansong , Rinaldi Sabina , Kaaks Rudolf , Vogt Thomas M. , Yokochi Lance , Decker Robert 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Background: Circulating levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) hormones have been associated with colorectal cancer risk, but few studies have examined their associations with colorectal adenoma.
Methods: We measured plasma C-peptide, a marker of insulin secretion, and IGF hormones in a case-control study of 554 pathologically confirmed, first-time adenoma cases and 786 controls with normal endoscopy among Caucasians, Japanese, and Native Hawaiians in Hawaii.
Results: High plasma levels of C-peptide were statistically significantly associated with risk of colorectal adenoma [multivariate odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for increasing quartiles: 1.0, 0.91 (0.65-1.27), 1.21 (0.86-1.71), and 1.79 (1.23-2.60); Ptrend = 0.0002]. We also observed a statistically significant inverse association between levels of plasma IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and adenoma risk [1.0, 0.97 (0.70-1.34), 0.82 (0.58-1.15), and 0.47 (0.32-0.70); Ptrend &lt;0.0001]. These associations remain significant after adjusting for each other and were not confounded by known risk factors. IGF-I, IGFBP-3, body mass index, and waist or hip circumference were not independently associated with adenoma risk.
Conclusion: These results provide evidence for an association of insulin and IGFBP-1 levels with colorectal adenoma.
Impact: This study suggests that hyperinsulinemia and IGF hormones may act as etiologic factors in colorectal carcinogenesis, as early as during adenoma formation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(6); 1471–7. ©2010 AACR.
Genetic Regulation of Serum Phytosterol Levels and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Teupser Daniel , Baber Ronny , Ceglarek Uta , Scholz Markus , Illig Thomas , Gieger Christian , Holdt Lesca M. , Leichtle Alexander , Greiser Karin H. , Huster Dominik , Linsel-Nitschke Patrick , Schäfer Arne , Braund Peter S. , Tiret Laurence , Stark Klaus , Raaz-Schrauder Dorette , Fiedler Georg M. , Wilfert Wolfgang , Beutner Frank , Gielen Stephan , Großhennig Anika , König Inke R. , Lichtner Peter , Heid Iris M. , Kluttig Alexander , El Mokhtari Nour E. , Rubin Diana , Ekici Arif B. , Reis André , Garlichs Christoph D. , Hall Alistair S. , Matthes Gert , Wittekind Christian , Hengstenberg Christian , Cambien Francois , Schreiber Stefan , Werdan Karl , Meitinger Thomas , Loeffler Markus , Samani Nilesh J. , Erdmann Jeanette , Wichmann H.-Erich , Schunkert Heribert , Thiery Joachim 
Published: June 2010

Background—
Phytosterols are plant-derived sterols that are taken up from food and can serve as biomarkers of cholesterol uptake. Serum levels are under tight genetic control. We used a genomic approach to study the molecular regulation of serum phytosterol levels and potential links to coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods and Results—

A genome-wide association study for serum phytosterols (campesterol, sitosterol, brassicasterol) was conducted in a population-based sample from KORA (Cooperative Research in the Region of Augsburg) (n=1495) with subsequent replication in 2 additional samples (n=1157 and n=1760). Replicated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested for association with premature CAD in a metaanalysis of 11 different samples comprising 13 764 CAD cases and 13 630 healthy controls. Genetic variants in the ATP-binding hemitransporter
ABCG8
and at the blood group
ABO
locus were significantly associated with serum phytosterols. Effects in
ABCG8
were independently related to SNPs rs4245791 and rs41360247 (combined
P
=1.6×10
−50
and 6.2×10
−25
, respectively; n=4412). Serum campesterol was elevated 12% for each rs4245791 T-allele. The same allele was associated with 40% decreased hepatic
ABCG8
mRNA expression (
P
=0.009). Effects at the
ABO
locus were related to SNP rs657152 (combined
P
=9.4×10
−13
). Alleles of
ABCG8
and
ABO
associated with elevated phytosterol levels displayed significant associations with increased CAD risk (rs4245791 odds ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.14;
P
=2.2×10
−6
; rs657152 odds ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.19;
P
=9.4×10
−6
), whereas alleles at
ABCG8
associated with reduced phytosterol levels were associated with reduced CAD risk (rs41360247 odds ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.91;
P
=1.3×10
−5
).

Conclusion—

Common variants in
ABCG8
and
ABO
are strongly associated with serum phytosterol levels and show concordant and previously unknown associations with CAD.
The crystal structure of Mg end-member lizardite-1T forming polyhedral spheres from the Lizard, Cornwall
Authors: Mellini M. , Cressey G. , Wicks F. J. , Cressey B. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe crystal structure of lizardite-1T from Gew-graze, Cornwall, has been refined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction to R1 of 0.0263 and 0.0557, for two crystals having P31m space group and lattice parameters a = 5.2905(5) Å, c = 7.2815(8) Å, and a = 5.3111(10) Å, c = 7.2907(15) Å, respectively. The Gew-graze lizardite is very close to the end-member composition, so these refinements confirm the existence of well crystallized pure Mg-lizardite and show this to be the most weakly H-bonded lizardite ever refined. With regard to its lattice parameters, Si–O bond distances and geometrical parameters controlled by interlayer interactions (i.e. H-bonding), the Gew-graze Mg end-member lizardite yields slight but observable geometrical differences compared with previous refined structures for specifically, aluminous, lizardites.
Compositional variation of the tennantite–tetrahedrite solid-solution series in the Schwarzwald ore district (SW Germany): The role of mineralization processes and fluid source
Authors: Staude S. , Mordhorst T. , Neumann R. , Prebeck W. , Markl G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe study presents analysis from members of the tennantite–tetrahedrite solid-solution series (‘fahlore’) from 78 locations in the Schwarzwald ore district of SW Germany. Electron microprobe analysis is used to correlate the compositional variations of the fahlores with mineral association, host rock, tectonic history and precipitation mechanisms. Results indicate that most fahlores from gneiss-hosted veins do not have distinctive geochemical characteristics and range from tetrahedrite to tennantite end-member composition with variable trace-element content. However, diagenetically formed fahlore has a near-end-member tennantite composition with very small trace-element content. Red-bed-hosted fahlore formed by fluid mixing is tennantite enriched in Hg that probably has its source in the red-bed sediments. Fahlore formed from granite-related late-magmatic fluids, or from mixing of fluids of which one has equilibrated with granitic basement rocks, is typically As- and Bi-rich (up to 22.2 wt.% Bi). Gneiss-hosted fahlore formed by fluid cooling is Ag-rich near-end-member tetrahedrite. Some fahlores reflect their paragenetic association, e.g. a large Ag content in association with Ag-bearing minerals or a large Co and Ni in association with Co- and Ni-arsenides.Although they have similar compositions, gneiss-hosted fahlores show systematic variations in Ag contents and Fe/Zn ratios between the Central and the Southern Schwarzwald with Fe-rich fahlore in higher stratigraphic levels (North) and Zn- and Ag-rich fahlore in lower stratigraphic levels (South). We show that fahlore composition varies with precipitation mechanism (cooling vs. mixing vs. diagenesis), depth of formation, paragenetic association and host rock. Comparison with fahlores from other European occurrences indicates that these conclusions are consistent with fahlore systematics found elsewhere, and could be used to infer details of ore-forming processes.
HS1 has a central role in the trafficking and homing of leukemic B cells
Authors: Scielzo Cristina , Bertilaccio Maria T. S. , Simonetti Giorgia , Dagklis Antonis , ten Hacken Elisa , Fazi Claudia , Muzio Marta , Caiolfa Valeria , Kitamura Daisuke , Restuccia Umberto , Bachi Angela , Rocchi Martina , Ponzoni Maurilio , Ghia Paolo , Caligaris-Cappio Federico 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The function of the intracellular protein hematopoietic cell–specific Lyn substrate-1 (HS1) in B lymphocytes is poorly defined. To investigate its role in migration, trafficking, and homing of leukemic B lymphocytes we have used B cells from HS1−/− mice, the HS1-silenced human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) MEC1 cell line and primary leukemic B cells from patients with CLL. We have used both in vitro and in vivo models and found that the lack of expression of HS1 causes several important functional effects. In vitro, we observed an impaired cytoskeletal remodeling that resulted in diminished cell migration, abnormal cell adhesion, and increased homotypic aggregation. In vivo, immunodeficient Rag2−/−γc−/− mice injected with HS1-silenced CLL B cells showed a decreased organ infiltration with the notable exception of the bone marrow (BM). The leukemic-prone Eμ-TCL1 transgenic mice crossed with HS1-deficient mice were compared with Eμ-TCL1 mice and showed an earlier disease onset and a reduced survival. These findings show that HS1 is a central regulator of cytoskeleton remodeling that controls lymphocyte trafficking and homing and significantly influences the tissue invasion and infiltration in CLL.
Platelet senescence is regulated by an internal timer, not damage inflicted by hits
Authors: Dowling Mark R. , Josefsson Emma C. , Henley Katya J. , Hodgkin Philip D. , Kile Benjamin T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe mechanisms responsible for the brief life span of blood platelets have been a subject of speculation since the 1950s. The most popular hypothesis to date has been the “multiple-hit” model, whereby damage inflicted by external “hits” triggers recognition and clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. Recently, it was demonstrated that platelets contain an apoptotic pathway that mediates their survival in vivo. Using a novel labeling technique to measure population and cohort survival in mice carrying mutations in this pathway, combined with mathematical modeling, we have studied the internal and external control of platelet fate. Our results cast doubt on the veracity of the multiple-hit model. An alternative model, under which platelets are born with an internal “timer,” provides a more parsimonious interpretation of the data. Thus, at steady state, platelet senescence is probably the product of internal processes rather than external hits.
ADF/n-cofilin–dependent actin turnover determines platelet formation and sizing
Authors: Bender Markus , Eckly Anita , Hartwig John H. , Elvers Margitta , Pleines Irina , Gupta Shuchi , Krohne Georg , Jeanclos Elisabeth , Gohla Antje , Gurniak Christine , Gachet Christian , Witke Walter , Nieswandt Bernhard 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms orchestrating the complex process by which bone marrow megakaryocytes form and release platelets remain poorly understood. Mature megakaryocytes generate long cytoplasmic extensions, proplatelets, which have the capacity to generate platelets. Although microtubules are the main structural component of proplatelets and microtubule sliding is known to drive proplatelet elongation, the role of actin dynamics in the process of platelet formation has remained elusive. Here, we tailored a mouse model lacking all ADF/n-cofilin–mediated actin dynamics in megakaryocytes to specifically elucidate the role of actin filament turnover in platelet formation. We demonstrate, for the first time, that in vivo actin filament turnover plays a critical role in the late stages of platelet formation from megakaryocytes and the proper sizing of platelets in the periphery. Our results provide the genetic proof that platelet production from megakaryocytes strictly requires dynamic changes in the actin cytoskeleton.
Health-related quality of life and functional status in end-stage COPD: a longitudinal study
Authors: Habraken J.M. , van der Wal W.M. , ter Riet G. , Weersink E.J.M. , Toben F. , Bindels P.J.E. 
Published: June 2010

Since there is still a dearth of information about the end stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the main aim of this study was to examine the development of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and functional status over time in COPD patients in Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage IV.82 Dutch COPD patients completed the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) for HRQoL and the Groningen Activities for Daily Living Restriction Scale (GARS) for functional status every 3 months during the year following enrolment. Survival was followed up to 5 yrs after enrolment. Data were analysed by stratifying the study population into severity subgroups according to the lowest, intermediate and highest tertile of SGRQ and GARS at baseline. Outcome measures were change in SGRQ and GARS scores over time and survival time.In the majority of patients, scores on the SGRQ and GARS declined gradually over time. In the subgroup of 32 patients that died within 2 yrs of enrolment, these scores also declined gradually, without steep deteriorations.In patients with end-stage COPD, HRQoL and functional status deteriorated gradually over time, indicating that clinicians did not gain much additional support for differentiating the end stage of COPD by considering HRQoL and functional status using the SGRQ and GARS.
Combined exposure to dog and indoor pollution: incident asthma in a high-risk birth cohort
Authors: Carlsten C. , Brauer M. , Dimich-Ward H. , Dybuncio A. , Becker A.B. , Chan-Yeung M. 
Published: June 2010

The impact of single exposures on asthma development is better understood than the effect of multiple exposures. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of combined early exposure to dog allergen (Can-f1) plus indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on asthma and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) in a high-risk birth cohort. We also aimed to assess atopy's impact on the effects of these exposures.Peri-birth ETS exposure was measured using cord blood cotinine (CCot). During year 1, atopy, NO2, Can-f1, and urinary cotinine (UCot) were measured. At 7 yrs of age, 380 children were assessed for asthma and BHR. Exposure effects were determined using stepwise multiple linear regression.Co-exposure to elevated Can-f1 and NO2, or Can-f1 and ETS (CCot), increased risk for asthma, relative to having neither such exposure (OR 4.8 (95% CI 1.1–21.5) and 2.7 (1.1–7.1), respectively); similar risks resulted when substituting dog ownership for allergen. Atopy increased asthma and BHR risk associated with several exposures; notably, atopy with elevated UCot, relative to atopy without such exposure, increased risk of BHR (OR 3.1 (95% CI 1.1–8.6)).In a high-risk birth cohort, early co-exposure to Can-f1 and NO2or ETS increased the risk of incident asthma. Atopy increased the risk of asthma and BHR associated with ETS.
Regulation of genes affecting body size and innate immunity by the DBL-1/BMP-like pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Roberts Andrew F , Gumienny Tina L , Gleason Ryan J , Wang Huang , Padgett Richard W 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the conserved transforming growth factor β (TGFβ superfamily, and play many developmental and homeostatic roles. In C. elegans, a BMP-like pathway, the DBL-1 pathway, controls body size and is involved in innate immunity. How these functions are carried out, though, and what most of the downstream targets of this pathway are, remain unknown.

Results
We performed a microarray analysis and compared expression profiles of animals lacking the SMA-6 DBL-1 receptor, which decreases pathway signaling, with animals that overexpress DBL-1 ligand, which increases pathway signaling. Consistent with a role for DBL-1 in control of body size, we find positive regulation by DBL-1 of genes involved in physical structure, protein synthesis and degradation, and metabolism. However, cell cycle genes were mostly absent from our results. We also identified genes in a hedgehog-related pathway, which may comprise a secondary signaling pathway downstream of DBL-1 that controls body size. In addition, DBL-1 signaling up-regulates pro-innate immunity genes. We identified a reporter for DBL-1 signaling, which is normally repressed but is up-regulated when DBL-1 signaling is reduced.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that body size in C. elegans is controlled in part by regulation of metabolic processes as well as protein synthesis and degradation. This supports the growing body of evidence that suggests cell size is linked to metabolism. Furthermore, this study discovered a possible role for hedgehog-related pathways in transmitting the BMP-like signal from the hypodermis, where the core DBL-1 pathway components are required, to other tissues in the animal. We also identified the up-regulation of genes involved in innate immunity, clarifying the role of DBL-1 in innate immunity. One of the highly regulated genes is expressed at very low levels in wild-type animals, but is strongly up-regulated in Sma/Mab mutants, making it a useful reporter for DBL-1/BMP-like signaling in C. elegans.
The homolog of Ciboulot in the termite (Hodotermopsis sjostedti): a multimeric β-thymosin involved in soldier-specific morphogenesis
Authors: Koshikawa Shigeyuki , Cornette Richard , Matsumoto Tadao , Miura Toru 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Caste differentiation in social insects is a type of polyphenism that enables division of labor among members of a colony. This elaborate social integration has attracted broad interest, although little is known about its regulatory mechanisms, especially in Isoptera (termites). In this study, we analyzed soldier differentiation in the damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis sjostedti, focusing on a possible effector gene for caste development. The gene for an actin-binding protein, HsjCib, which shows a high level of expression in developing mandibles during soldier differentiation, is characterized in detail.

Results
To examine the HsjCib gene, full-length cDNAs were obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR) and sequencing. Multiple isoforms were identified, and on the basis of the results of northern and Southern hybridization analyses, these isoforms were considered to be transcriptional variants from a single gene. On the basis of their sequence similarity to homologous genes of other organisms, functions in actin assembly were assumed to be different among isoforms. Expression analysis revealed high expression in the head during soldier differentiation, which was consistent with their allometric growth. Although isoform expression was observed in various tissues, different expression levels were observed among tissues, suggesting the possibility of tissue-specific morphogenetic regulation by HsjCib isoforms.

Conclusion
This study revealed the characteristics and dynamics of the HsjCib gene during soldier differentiation as a potential representative of downstream effector genes in caste-specific morphogenesis. From the expression patterns observed, this gene is considered to be involved in cephalic morphogenesis and neural reorganization, resulting in the establishment of caste-specific morphology and behavior.