bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal cell carcinoma in patients with end‐stage renal disease: relationship between histological type and duration of dialysis
Authors: Nouh Mohammed A.A.M. , Kuroda Naoto , Yamashita Motoki , Hayashida Yushi , Yano Toshifumi , Minakuchi Jun , Taniguchi Susumu , Nomura Isaku , Inui Masashi , Sugimoto Mikio , Kakehi Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2009

Study Type – Prognosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical outcomes and histological types of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arising in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), and to analyse the relationship of histopathological features with the duration of dialysis.PATIENTS AND METHODSClinical characteristics and outcomes of 34 patients who had a radical nephrectomy for RCC arising in ESRD between November 1994 and June 2008 were investigated. Archive paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens obtained from 27 patients were histochemically and immunohistochemically analysed to determine the histopathological type.RESULTSThere was one death from cancer and one patient with local progression within a median observation period of 29.5 months. Acquired cystic disease (ACD)‐associated RCC, clear cell‐papillary RCC, mucinous tubular and spindle‐cell carcinoma, and Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion were identified in eight, two, three and one patient, respectively. Conventional clear‐cell RCC was the predominant histological type (nine of 15) in patients with a duration of dialysis of <10 years, while ACD‐associated RCC was predominant (seven of 12) in those with dialysis for ≥10 years. Sarcomatoid foci were identified in three patients with dialysis for ≥10 years. Papillary adenoma was microscopically identified as a satellite tumour in 10 patients.CONCLUSIONThe spectrum of histological types of RCCs arising in ESRD is distinct from that of sporadic RCCs. Patients with a longer duration of dialysis should have particular attention for progression and metastasis. Immunohistochemical profiling is efficient in the histological classification of RCCs arising in ESRD, although knowledge about genetic changes remains to be accumulated.
The Politics of Memory in Annexed Lorraine: The Conflicts between Germanification and French Stalwarts at the beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: HAMMAN PHILIPPE 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe article examines how the uses of memory in turn‐of‐the‐century Lorraine structured political discourse and presented enduring difficulties for the actions of German administrators and local community leaders. In this border region, memory was always contested and challenged, and thereby unstable. This paper approaches “the politics of French memory” through the examination of various pro‐French “memory societies” and networks such as the Souvenir Français. The central question is how did conflicts over memory impact Lorraine's political life and its place in the German Empire in the years leading up to the Great War? Regarding this point, the growth of nationalism is analysed as a phenomenon that reached far beyond French nationalist circles.
Ways of Forgetting: Israel and the Obliterated Memory of the Palestinian Nakba
Authors: RAM URI 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study analyses national ways of forgetting. Following the eminent British Anthropologists Mary Douglas, I relate here to “forgetting” as “selective remembering, misremembering and disremembering” (Douglas 2007: 13). The case study offered here is that of the Israeli‐Jewish forgetting of the uprooting of the Palestinians in the war of 1948. This paper discusses three facets of the collective forgetting: Inthe first subchapterI analyze the foundations of the Israeli regime of forgetting and discern three mechanisms of removing from memory of selected events:narrative forgetting:the formation and dissemination of an historical narrative;physical forgetting:the destruction of physical remains; andsymbolic forgetting:the creation of a new symbolic geography of new places and street names. Inthe second subchapter, I look at the tenacious ambiguity that lies in the regime of forgetting, as it does not completely erase all the traces of the past. And finally, inthe third subchapter, I discuss the growth of subversive memory and counter‐memory that at least indicates the option of a future revision of the Israeli regime of forgetting.
Active labour market policy in East Germany
Authors: Lechner Michael , Wunsch Conny 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe investigate the effects of the most important East German active labour market programmes on the labour market outcomes of their participants. The analysis is based on a large and informative individual database derived from administrative data sources. Using matching methods, we find that over a horizon of 2.5 years after the start of the programmes, they fail to increase the employment chances of their participants in the regular labour market. However, the programmes may have other effects for their participants that may be considered important in the especially difficult situation experienced in the East German labour market.
Who stays, who goes, who returns?
Authors: Fuchs‐Schündeln Nicola , Schündeln Matthias 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe study the determinants of East–West migration within Germany during the period 1990–2006, using administrative data, the German Microcensus and the German Socio‐Economic Panel. We find that in addition to income prospects and employment status, two well‐known determinants of migration, psychological and social factors play an important role in determining the migration decision. Men and women move from East to West in proportionate numbers, but among individuals who lived in the East in 1989 women are more likely to migrate. The migrant body in the second wave of migration, starting in the late 1990s, is increasingly composed of young, educated people. By focusing on differences between temporary and permanent migrants, we find that older and single individuals are more likely to return East than stay permanently in the West, compared with younger and married individuals. Finally, the life satisfaction of permanent migrants increases significantly after a move, while that of temporary migrants remains essentially flat.
Making Monetary Policy by Committee*
Authors: Blinder Alan S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper considers a number of design features of monetary policy committees (MPCs), including their size and composition, the degree of consensus for which they strive, the role of the committee chair, voting procedures, methods of appointment and communication techniques. Real‐world MPCs vary substantially in all these respects and more. Based on the theoretical and empirical research to date, most of which is of very recent vintage, a tentative set of ‘best practices’ is proposed.
Inflation Targeting: What Have We Learned?*
Authors: Walsh Carl E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInflation targeting has been widely adopted in both developed and emerging economies. In this essay, I survey the evidence on the effects of inflation targeting on macroeconomic performance and assess what lessons this evidence provides for inflation targeting and the design of monetary policy. While macroeconomic experiences among both inflation targeting and non‐targeting developed economies have been similar, inflation targeting has improved macroeconomic performance among developing economies. Importantly, inflation targeting has not been associated with greater real economic instability among either developed or developing economics. While cost shocks, such as the large rise in commodity prices that occurred in 2007 and early 2008, force central banks to make difficult short‐run trade‐offs, the ability to deal with demand shocks and financial crises can be enhanced by a commitment to an explicit target.
Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Risk Appetite Index: Theoretical Differences, Empirical Similarities and Implementation Problems*
Authors: Pericoli Marcello , Sbracia Massimo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe perform a thorough analysis of the Risk Appetite Index (RAI), a measure of changes in risk aversion proposed by Kumar and Persaud (2002). Building on Misina's study (2003), we first argue that the theoretical assumptions granting that the RAI correctly distinguishes between changes in risk and changes in risk aversion are very restrictive. Then, by comparing the RAI with a measure of risk aversion obtained from the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), we find that the estimates are surprisingly similar. We prove that if the variance of returns is sufficiently smaller than the variance of asset riskiness, then RAI and CAPM provide essentially the same information about risk aversion. We also show, however, that RAI and CAPM suffer from exactly the same implementation problems – the main one being the difficulty in measuring ex‐ante returns. At high and medium frequencies, the standard method of measuring ex‐ante with ex‐post returns may generate negative risk aversion and other inconsistencies. Hence, future research is needed to address this problem.
Gradualism, Transparency and the Improved Operational Framework: A Look at Overnight Volatility Transmission*
Authors: Colarossi Silvio , Zaghini Andrea 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a possible way of assessing the effect on interest rate dynamics of changes in the decision‐making method, in the communication strategy and in the operational framework of a central bank. Through a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) specification, we show that the United States and the euro area displayed a limited but significant spillover of volatility from money market to longer‐term rates. We then checked the stability of this phenomenon in the most recent period of improved policy‐making and found empirical evidence to show that the transmission of overnight volatility along the yield curve had entirely disappeared.
Nitrous oxide fluxes and denitrification sensitivity to temperature in Irish pasture soils
Authors: Abdalla M. , Jones M. , Smith P. , Williams M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from grazed pastures constitute approximately 28% of total global anthropogenic N2O emissions. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of inorganic N fertilizer application on fluxes of N2O, quantify the emission factors (EFs) for a sandy loam soil which is typical of large areas in Ireland and to investigate denitrification sensitivity to temperature. Nitrous oxide flux measurements from a cut and grazed pasture field for 1 year and denitrification laboratory incubation were carried out. The soil pH was 7.3 and had a mean organic C and N content at 0–20 cm of 44.1 and 4.4 g/kg dry weight, respectively. The highest observed peaks of N2O fluxes of 67 and 38.7 g N2O‐N per hectare per day were associated with times of application of inorganic N fertilizer. Annual fluxes of N2O from control and fertilized treatments were 1 and 2.4 kg N2O‐N per hectare, respectively. Approximately 63% of the annual flux was associated with N fertilizer application. Multiple regression analysis revealed that soil nitrate and the interaction between soil nitrate and soil water content were the main factors controlling N2O flux from the soil. The derived EF of 0.83% was approximately 66% of the IPCC default EF value of 1.25% as used by the Irish EPA to estimate greenhouse gases (GHGs) in Ireland. The IPCC‐revised EF value is 0.9%. A highly significant exponential regression (r2 = 0.98) was found between denitrification and incubation temperature. The calculatedQ10ranged from 4.4 to 6.2 for a temperature range of 10–25 °C and the activation energy was 47 kJ/mol. Our results show that denitrification is very sensitive to increasing temperature, suggesting that future global warming could lead to a significant increase in soil denitrification and consequently N2O fluxes from soils.
Treatment of transfusional iron overload in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or severe anemia: data from multicenter clinical practices
Authors: Raptis Anastasios , Duh Mei Sheng , Wang Si‐Tien , Dial Ellison , Fanourgiakis Ilias , Fortner Barry , Paley Carole , Mody‐Patel Nikita , Corral Mitra , Scott Jeffrey 
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND: Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or severe anemia requiring repeated red blood cell (RBC) transfusions risk developing transfusional iron overload, which can reduce survival. Iron chelation therapy (ICT) has been shown to improve survival and quality of life in patients; however, ICT utilization in clinical practices is not well understood.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Medical records of patients diagnosed with MDS or severe anemia at least 6 months before data extraction, aged at least 21 years at diagnosis, and who received at least one RBC transfusion were reviewed. ICT eligibility was defined as at least 20 units of RBCs transfused or at least two serum ferritin levels exceeding 1000 µg/L. Study endpoint was ICT treatment rate among ICT‐eligible patients with lower‐risk MDS (International Prognostic Scoring System [low or intermediate‐1]; World Health Organization [refractory anemia {RA}, refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts {RARS}, refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia {RCMD}, refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia and ringed sideroblasts, or 5q]; French‐American‐British [RA/RARS]).RESULTS: Among 78 ICT‐eligible patients with lower‐risk MDS, 32 (41%) received ICT. At ICT initiation, treated patients received on average 13.3 transfusions (27.6 units) and mean first post‐ICT initiation serum ferritin was twice the MDS Foundation recommendation at 1949 µg/L. Median overall survival for all ICT‐eligible patients was significantly longer for those ICT‐treated patients than untreated patients (8.7 years vs. 4.7 years, log‐rank p = 0.02; multivariate hazard ratio 0.372, p = 0.03).CONCLUSION: This study finds only 41% of ICT‐eligible patients with lower‐risk MDS received ICT in clinical practice, and treatment was initiated later than recommended. Receipt of ICT was associated with significantly longer survival.
Barriers and Facilitators to Electronic Documentation in a Rural Hospital
Authors: Whittaker Alice A. , Aufdenkamp Marilee , Tinley Susan 
Published: August 2009

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore nurses’ perceptions of barriers and facilitators to adoption of an electronic health record (EHR) in a rural Midwestern hospital. Design: This study was a qualitative, descriptive design. The Staggers and Parks Nurse‐Computer Interaction Framework was used to guide directed content analysis. Methods: Eleven registered nurses from oncology and medical‐surgical units were interviewed using three semistructured interview questions. Predetermined codes and operational definitions were developed from the Staggers and Parks framework. Narrative data were analyzed by each member of the research team and group consensus on coding was reached through group discussions. Findings: Participants were able to identify computer‐related, nurse‐related, and contextual barriers and facilitators to implementation of EHR. In addition, two distinct patterns of perceptions and acceptance were identified. Conclusions: The Staggers and Parks Nurse‐Computer Interaction framework was found to be useful in identifying computer, nurse, and contextual characteristics that act as facilitators or barriers to adoption of an EHR system. Acceptance and use of an EHR are enhanced when barriers are managed and facilitators are supported. Clinical Relevance: Understanding and management of facilitators and barriers to EHR adoption may impact nurses’ ability to provide and document nursing care.
Living With Genetic Test Results for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Hamilton Rebekah , Williams Janet K. , Skirton Heather , Bowers Barbara J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract Purpose: To examine adaptation by nonsymptomatic individuals who knew the results of a genetic test for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) for at least 4 years. Design: Longitudinal grounded theory study. Methods: Follow‐up interviews after a 3‐ to 4‐year interval were conducted by telephone or e‐mail with seven asymptomatic participants originally recruited for an earlier study of genetic testing experiences. A total of 14 interviews, 2 for each participant were conducted. Conceptual analysis on these 14 interviews focused on impact on daily life and health behavior decisions made in the intervening years. Findings: Participants described the impact of the result and adaptations made in relationships, sexuality, outlook, and plans for the future. Participants accepted recommended surveillance and preventative measures to maximize a healthy lifestyle and reported both the benefits of knowing their mutation status as well as challenges they had encountered since testing. Conclusions: Adaptation to living with genetic test results indicating a disease‐related mutation is an ongoing process of balancing the knowledge of risk with living a normal life. Over time, awareness of genetic risk does not appear to diminish. Clinical Relevance: Positive and negative long‐term consequences of genetic testing for hereditary breast or ovarian cancer may influence many aspects of the personal lives and health care decisions of those tested.
Postoperative Pain Assessment With Three Intensity Scales in Chinese Elders
Authors: Li Li , Herr Keela , Chen Pingyan 
Published: August 2009

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Faces Pain Scale Revised (FPS‐R), the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and the Iowa Pain Thermometer (IPT) for pain assessment in Chinese elders who have had surgery. Design: A descriptive correlational design with repeated measures was used. A convenience sample of 180 Chinese elders (age range 65 to 95 years) undergoing scheduled surgery at a university‐affiliated hospital was recruited. Methods: On the day before surgery, recalled pain and anticipated postoperative pain intensity were rated by patients with three scales presented in randomized order, and then cognitive function was measured. On the first 3 postoperative days, participants completed the three scales in random order to assess current, worst, and least pain on each day. On the 3rd postoperative day, single retrospective ratings on worst, least, and average pain over the 3 days for each scale were also obtained and scale preferences were investigated. Findings: The failure rates for all three scales were extremely low. The intraclass correlation coefficients across current, worst, and least pain on each postoperative day were consistently high (0.949 to 0.965), and all scales at each rating were strongly correlated (r=.833 to .962). Pain scores significantly decreased during the 3 postoperative days and all three scales were found to be sensitive in evaluating patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) efficacy. The scale mostly preferred was the IPT (54.7%), followed by the FPS‐R (28.5%) and the NRS (15.6%). No significant differences were noted in participant preference by age and cognitive status, but preference for the IPT and the FPS‐R were significantly related to gender and education level. Conclusions: Although all three scales show good reliability, validity, and sensitivity for assessing postoperative pain intensity in Chinese elders, the IPT appears to be a better choice based on patient preference. Clinical Relevance: The FPS‐R, the NRS, and the IPT can be used confidently to assess postoperative pain in Chinese surgical elders.
Defining Clinical Assessment Standards for Bachelor's‐Prepared Nurses in Switzerland
Authors: Lindpaintner Lyn S. , Bischofberger Iren , Brenner Andrea , Knüppel Susanne , Scherer Theresa , Schmid Andreas , Schäfer Monika , Stoll Hans Rudolf , Stolz‐Baskett Petra , Weyermann‐Etter Suzanne , Hengartner‐Kopp Beatrice 
Published: August 2009

Abstract Purpose: A rigorous process of collaboration among multilingual and multicultural nursing faculties throughout Switzerland to define optimized learning goals for clinical assessment education at the bachelor's level is described in the context of wider European academic harmonization. Formation of a consensus‐seeking panel proved a useful strategy for disseminating knowledge among academic nursing faculties in the early years of tertiary nursing education. The process enabled representatives of competing institutions to share scarce resources and articulate the added value of a bachelor's degree in nursing. Conclusions: A consensus‐building strategy has applicability for nursing faculties wishing to increase collaboration, efficiency, and effectiveness early in the process of academic nursing development. Lack of availability of learning materials written in the languages of the local clinical setting is a barrier to teaching advanced assessment skills. Clinical Relevance: Clinical assessment education that teaches a systematic approach to data collection, analysis, and reporting is central to producing excellent clinical professionals.
Family Presence During Resuscitation: Canadian Critical Care Nurses’ Perspectives
Authors: McClement Susan E. , Fallis Wendy M. , Pereira Asha 
Published: August 2009

Abstract Purpose: As part of a larger online survey examining the practices and preferences of Canadian critical care nurses regarding family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) of adult family members, the purpose of the study was to explicate salient issues about the practice of FPDR identified by nurses who responded to the qualitative portion of the survey. Design: Descriptive, qualitative. Methods: As part of an online survey, participants were given the opportunity to provide qualitative comments about their personal or professional experiences with FPDR. Data analysis was completed using content analysis and constant comparison techniques. Findings: Of the 944 nurses contacted electronically, 450 completed the survey, for a response rate of 48%. Of these, 242 opted to share qualitative comments regarding their experiences with FPDR. Four major themes emerged from the data: (a) perceived benefits for family members; (b) perceived risks for family members; (c) perceived benefits for healthcare providers; and (d) perceived risks for healthcare providers. Conclusions: The practice of FPDR impacts both family members and members of the resuscitation team. Nurses weigh these impacts when considering whether or not to bring family members to the bedside. Clinical Relevance: The results of this study provide information for practicing clinicians, educators, and administrators regarding the decision‐making processes nurses use when considerations of bringing family members to the bedside during resuscitative events are evoked.