bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sustainability of controlled archery programs: The motivation and satisfaction of suburban hunters
Authors: Weckel Mark , Rockwell Robert F. , Wincorn Anastasia 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOver the last decade, wildlife professionals in the New York City (NY, USA) metropolitan area have increasingly turned to controlled archery hunts to reduce overabundant suburban deer populations. The success of these deer management programs (DMPs) depends on a willing pool of hunters motivated to meet harvest goals. This requires maintaining hunter satisfaction both now, and in the future when successful herd reduction will result in fewer opportunities for deer harvest. With the goal of providing local deer managers with feedback from hunters partaking in DMPs, we used surveys designed to evaluate why members hunted, why they joined DMPs, members' views on deer management, and ultimately, their satisfaction with controlled hunts. Members were primarily motivated to hunt by the chance to see wildlife, opportunities for recreation, and a passion for archery. Most (71%) reported that their enjoyment had increased since first joining a DMP and satisfaction was not linked to harvest opportunity or success. Nevertheless, we documented several trends that threaten the long‐term sustainability of DMPs. First, 78.2% of survey respondents were over the age of 40, possibly suggesting fewer younger recruits into DMPs. Second, the opportunity to hunt previously unhunted land, a transitory incentive, was the most common reason for participating in DMPs. Third, respondents whose DMP doe harvest was limited by choosing to spend time on private, non‐DMP land were also more likely to have seen fewer deer on DMP lands (G‐test = 13.2, df = 4, P = 0.01). This suggests that effort will decline as deer herds decline. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
CHNO Based Molecules Containing 2,2,2‐Trinitroethoxy Moieties as Possible High Energy Dense Oxidizers
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Moll Richard , Rest Sebastian F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTetrakis(2,2,2‐trinitroethyl) orthocarbonate (1) and 2,2,2‐trinitroethyl formate (2) were synthesized by the reaction of carbon tetrachloride, respectively chloroform, with the corresponding equivalents of 2,2,2‐trinitroethanol and catalytic amounts of anhydrous iron(III)chloride. 2,2,2‐Trinitroethyl formal (3) was prepared by the condensation of paraformaldehyde with 2,2,2‐trinitroethanol. The compounds were fully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman), multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and multi‐temperature DSC measurements. Due to the positive oxygen balance, the suitability of all three compounds mentioned as potential oxidizers in energetic formulations was investigated and discussed. In addition, the heats of formation of the products were determined experimentally using bomb calorimetric methods. With this value and the experimental (X‐ray) density, several detonation parameters such as the detonation pressure, velocity, energy, and temperature were computed using the EXPLO5 code. Furthermore, the sensitivity towards impact, friction and electrical discharge was tested using the BAM drop hammer, a friction tester as well as a small‐scale electrical discharge device.
Li2B6O9F2, a New Acentric Fluorooxoborate
Authors: Pilz Thomas , Jansen Martin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNovel Li2B6O9F2 can be either synthesized from LiBF4 and B2O3 or from LiB3O5 and LiBF4, at 673 K. The three dimensional anionic network is related to the polymeric anion of pentaborates MB5O8 (M: Rb, Cs); replacing one bridging oxygen atom per repetition unit of the latter by BF2O2 tetrahedron yields the again three dimensional fluorooxoborate anion of the title compound.The new solid electrolyte is stable up to 753 K and decomposes evolving BF3. It is a purely ionic conductor with conductivities of 1.3 × 10–8 and 2.2 × 10–10S·cm–1 at 573 and 473 K, respectively.
Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates byBurkholderia cepaciaATCC 17759 using a detoxified sugar maple hemicellulosic hydrolysate
Authors: Pan Wenyang , Perrotta Joseph A , Stipanovic Arthur J , Nomura Christopher T , Nakas James P 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSugar maple hemicellulosic hydrolysate containing 71.9 g/l of xylose was used as an inexpensive feedstock to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 17759. Several inhibitory compounds present in wood hydrolysate were analyzed for effects on cell growth and PHA production with strong inhibition observed at concentrations of 1 g/l furfural, 2 g/l vanillin, 7 g/l levulinic acid, and 1 M acetic acid. Gradual catabolism of lower concentrations of these inhibitors was observed in this study. To increase the fermentability of wood hydrolysate, several detoxification methods were tested. Overliming combined with low-temperature sterilization resulted in the highest removal of total inhibitory phenolics (65%). A fed-batch fermentation exhibited maximum PHA production after 96 h (8.72 g PHA/L broth and 51.4% of dry cell weight). Compositional analysis by NMR and physical–chemical characterization showed that PHA produced from wood hydrolysate was composed of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) with a molecular mass (M N) of 450.8 kDa, a melting temperature (T m) of 174.4°C, a glass transition temperature (T g) of 7.31°C, and a decomposition temperature (T decomp) of 268.6°C.
Comparison of climatic effects on radial growth of evergreen broad‐leaved trees at their northern distribution limit and co‐dominating deciduous broad‐leaved trees and evergreen conifers
Authors: Takahashi K. , Okuhara I. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractUsing dendrochronological techniques, this study examined whether tree‐ring width of two evergreen broad‐leaved species (Cleyera japonica, Eurya japonica) at their inland northern distribution limit in central Japan is more limited by low temperature compared with two co‐dominating deciduous broad‐leaved species (Fagus japonica, Magnolia hypoleuca) and two evergreen conifer species (Chamaecyparis obtusa, Abies firma), whose distribution limits are further north. The two deciduous broad‐leaved species and the two evergreen conifers are tall tree species. Evergreen broad‐leaved Cleyera japonica is a sub‐canopy species and Eurya japonica is a small tree species. The tree‐ring widths of four of the six species (except for Eurya japonica and Magnolia hypoleuca) correlated positively with the March temperature just before the start of the growth period. For deciduous broad‐leaved Magnolia hypoleuca, the tree‐ring width was correlated positively and negatively with July temperature and precipitation, respectively. However, the other deciduous broad‐leaved Fagus japonica showed no such relationships. For the evergreen broad‐leaved Cleyera japonica and evergreen conifers Chamaecyparis obtusa and Abies firma, tree‐ring widths correlated positively with winter temperatures, probably because evergreen species can assimilate during warm winters. The tree‐ring width of Cleyera japonica also correlated positively with temperatures of many months of the growth period. By contrast, the tree‐ring width of the other evergreen broad‐leaved Eurya japonica showed no positive correlation with the temperature in any month. Most Eurya japonica trees were suppressed by tall trees, which might disguise any climate effect. Thus, there were species differences in response to climate for each life form, and the tree‐ring width of Cleyera japonica at the northern distribution limit was more limited by low temperatures compared with co‐dominating species. It is suggested that growth of Cleyera japonica is increased by global warming at the latitudinal ecotone.
Revisiting theAcanthamoebaspecies that form star-shaped cysts (genotypes T7, T8, T9, and T17): characterization of seven new Brazilian environmental isolates and phylogenetic inferences
Authors: MAGLIANO ANA C. M. , TEIXEIRA MARTA M. G. , ALFIERI SILVIA C. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYFree-living amoebae of the genusAcanthamoebaare the agents of both opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections and are frequently isolated from the environment. Of the 17 genotypes (T1–T17) identified thus far, 4 (T7, T8, T9, and T17) accommodate the rarely investigated species of morphological group I, those that form large, star-shaped cysts. We report the isolation and characterization of 7 new Brazilian environmentalAcanthamoebaisolates, all assigned to group I. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial (∼1200 bp) SSU rRNA gene sequences placed the new isolates in the robustly supported clade composed of the species of morphological group I. One of the Brazilian isolates is closely related toA. comandoni(genotype T9), while the other 6, together with 2 isolates recently assigned to genotype T17, form a homogeneous, well-supported group (2 0% sequence divergence) that likely represents a newAcanthamoebaspecies. Thermotolerance, osmotolerance, and cytophatic effects, features often associated with pathogenic potential, were also examined. The results indicated that all 7 Brazilian isolates grow at temperatures up to 40°C, and resist under hyperosmotic conditions. Additionally, media conditioned by each of the newAcanthamoebaisolates induced the disruption of SIRC and HeLa cell monolayers.
Why Gold is Necessarily a Yellow Metal
Authors: Hanna Robert 
Published: September 2011

At least Kant thinks it's apartof the concept that gold is to be a yellow metal. He thinks that we know thisa priori, and that we could not discover it to be empirically false … Is Kant right about this? (Saul Kripke)Gold [is] … a yellow malleable ductile high density metallic element resistant to chemical reaction. (Oxford English Dictionary)Nature considered materially is the totality of all objects of experience. (Immanuel Kant,P, Ak. 4:295)Kant's joke. Kant wanted to prove in a way that would dumbfound the common man that the common man was right: that was the secret joke of this soul. (Friedrich Nietzsche)
The Religious Affiliation of Representatives and Support for Funding the Iraq War
Authors: Collins Todd A. , Wink Kenneth A. , Guth James L. , Livingston C. Don 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this article, we add to the evolving literature examining the importance of religious orientation and political elite behavior. We use data on the religious affiliations of United States House of Representative members to test the influence of religion on military funding for the “War on Terror.” Our findings indicate that, even after controlling for traditional political factors, such as ideology and partisanship, representatives' religious backgrounds often played a role in support for this bill. Roman Catholics, African-American Protestants, and those of other religions and the non-religious were more strongly opposed to funding for military intervention than mainline Protestants, even after controlling for other factors. This article provides a further look at the influence of religion and suggests that factors outside the traditional political dynamics may also be important in examining elite behaviors.
Nuclear receptor liver receptor homologue 1 (LRH-1) regulates pancreatic cancer cell growth and proliferation
Authors: Benod Cindy , Vinogradova Maia V. , Jouravel Natalia , Kim Grace E. , Fletterick Robert J. , Sablin Elena P. 
Published: September 2011

An essential regulator of gene transcription, nuclear receptor liver receptor homologue 1 (LRH-1) controls cell differentiation in the developing pancreas and maintains cholesterol homeostasis in adults. Recent genome-wide association studies linked mutations in the LRH-1 gene and its up-stream regulatory regions to development of pancreatic cancer. In this work, we show that LRH-1 transcription is activated up to 30-fold in human pancreatic cancer cells compared to normal pancreatic ductal epithelium. This activation correlates with markedly increased LRH-1 protein expression in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in vivo. Selective blocking of LRH-1 by receptor specific siRNA significantly inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro. The inhibition is tracked in part to the attenuation of the receptor’s transcriptional targets controlling cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Previously, LRH-1 was shown to contribute to formation of intestinal tumors. This study demonstrates the critical involvement of LRH-1 in development and progression of pancreatic cancer, suggesting the LRH-1 receptor as a plausible therapeutic target for treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.
SCAR molecular markers of the B biotype and two non-B populations of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Lian-Sheng Zang , Tong Jiang , Jing Xu , Shu-Sheng Liu , You-Jun Zhang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses were performed with random primer H16 for the B biotype and two non-B populations of Bemisia tabaci collected from Zhejiang (China). The specific sequence fragments containing 446, 390 and 1317 nucleotides were amplified for the B biotype, ZHJ-1, ZHJ-2 populations, respectively. The three specific fragments were cloned and sequenced, and three pairs of SCAR primers were designed according to the sequences determined. With improvement of the conditions of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the specific fragments of B biotype, ZHJ-1 and ZHJ-2 populations, namely 439, 366 and 1238 nucleotides, respectively, were amplified with the sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primer of the corresponding population, while specific fragments of the other populations of B. tabaci or Trialeurodes vaporariorum could not be amplified.
Musical Acculturation in Iran
Authors: Klitz Brian , Cherlin Norma 
Published: September 2011

Acculturation has been accomplished traditionally when a society has absorbed foreign elements originally superimposed by invasion or acquired through excursions and study in other countries. These traditional means have been supplemented more recently by modern forms of communication and rapid travel, which tend to aggravate the natural imbalance of acculturation and to raise the specter of a cultural imperialism attended by a decline in quality or a reduction in number of indigenous cultural undertakings.In Iran, with respect to musical acculturation, this hazard has been recognized for some time. For instance, Tehran's Conservatory for National Music was formally established by the Ministry of Culture and Art in 1949 with the specific objectives of systematically restoring national music and reviving the original Iranian instruments, and, in 1968, a High Commission of Culture and Art was formed to consider, among other matters, the question of acculturation.
Bahār in the Context of Persian Constitutional Revolution
Authors: Loraine Michael B. 
Published: September 2011

Bahār provides an unusual example of a writer belonging to different periods of Persian literature. He began writing early and lived long enough to pass through several admittedly rapid stages in modern Persian history. Thus he is known as one of the poets of the Constitutional period, whose poems were chanted and recited by the overthrowers of the old autocracy, even more by those who counteracted the Lesser Autocracy of Muḥammad ˓Alī Shāh, as well as the poet, journalist, scholar and teacher of the restored constitution, the reign of Riā Shāh and just after.A close look at the Dīvān reveals a third period, less important from the literary point of view, but which preceded the others and gave Bahār a stamp he was never wholly to lose, even though he was acutely sensitive to the rapid changes Persian society and culture were to undergo during his life.
Les Caravanserais Routiers Safavids
Authors: Siroux Maxime 
Published: September 2011

A la fin du quinzieme sifècle et à l'aube du seizième l'Iran était déchiré par des guerres intestines résultant de l'émiettement du pouvoir des Timurides. Le pays, sur le chemin de sa perte, subissait au nord comme à l'est, les terribles pressions de belliqueuses tribus.En ce chaos, il appartint au futur fondateur de la dynastie des Safavides, Shāh Ismāᶜīl I (règne de 1499 à 1524 A.D.), de s'imposer, grâce à l'appui d'une faction turque, établie par sa famille dans la province caspienne du Gilan.D'un sang illustre, puisque descendant du septième imam, Mūsā al-Kāzim, ce personnage, guerrier énergique et intelligent, héritait également des vertus combattives de ses ascendants de la tribu Ak Koyunlu et de la finesse de sa grand'mère, princesse grecque. En l'absence d'un rival de même valeur, ce prince chiite, alors que les populations partageaient en grande partie la même foi, fut sans difficulté reconnu comme roi.
Aspects of the Safavid Ensemble at Isfahan
Authors: Wilber Donald 
Published: September 2011

Any effort to relate the plan and the structures of the royal ensemble of Shāh ᶜAbbās and his successors with the existing remains must draw on the observations of the French jeweler Chardin who was in Persia between 1666 and 1670 and between 1671 and 1677. His first stay coincided with the last years of the reign of ᶜAbbās II and his second with the early years of the reign of Sulayman I. In 1666 he and a friend, Herbert Diager, “Chef du Commerce des Hollandais,” resolved to produce an account of Isfahan, “ou rien ne fut omis de ce que feroit digne d'être sû.” Aided by two local mullas, they piled up voluminous notes, and in 1676 Chardin abridged this material to some eighty pages.According to Chardin, “La beauté d'Ispahan consiste particulièrement dans un grand nombre de Palais magnifiques, de Maisons gaies & riantes, de Caravanserais spacieux, de fort beaux Bazars, & de Canaux & de Ruës, dont les côtez sont couverts de haut platanes.“
Iran's Migration of Skilled Labor to the United States
Authors: Askari Hossein , Cummings John T. , Izbudak Mehmet 
Published: September 2011

The growth of Iran's economy, like that of any developing country, is dependent not only on how its natural resources are used, but also its human resources. The two together can lead to increases in both the quantity and quality of physical capital. This process does not require absolutely synchronous improvements in the way both natural and human resources are employed, but certainly changes must be parallel.If, on the other hand, exploitation of natural resources moves forward much more rapidly, considerable physical capital can be acquired in a short time. But without ample supplies of skilled labor, capital goods may then be used inefficiently or even stand idle. This problem can be partly overcome in the short run if it is possible to hire foreigners to supplement the domestic labor in sufficient amounts and with the proper skills. On the other hand, if a nation's growing educational system turns out skilled people at rates faster than the growth in available jobs, then employment, underemployment, or migration are the immediate choices facing many workers and their families.
Under the big eye (extract)
Authors: Altan Çetin 
Published: September 2011

Çetin Altan, one of Turkey's best-known journalists, established his reputation during the sixties as an outspoken and radical newspaper columnist with the widest readership ever achieved by a political commentator in Turkey. As a result of his great popularity, he was elected to parliament in 1965 as a deputy for the left-wing Turkish Labour Party, but after the military takeover in March 1971, the Labour Party was proscribed and parliament suspended. In 1972 Altan was sentenced to one and a half years' imprisonment on a charge of making ‘communist propaganda’ - in an article written six years earlier in 1966 for the Istanbul daily newspaper, Akşam. In December the same year the editor of Akşam, Dogan Kologlu, was sentenced to seven and a half years' imprisonment for publishing the article, and in January 1973 Altan was again tried for a 1971 article in Akşam called ‘Criticism directed to the President’. At that time he was acquitted (see INDEX 1 and 2/1973), but at some unknown later date he was again tried on the same charge and sentenced to a further two years' imprisonment. Meanwhile Altan was confined in Saĝmalcilar Prison in Istanbul and during his sentence began to go blind. As a result of this infirmity he was granted a state pardon by President Koroturk in December 1973 and allowed to go free, but it was made clear that the pardon applied only to the first prison sentence and that the second one, of two years, might still have to be served. While held in Saĝmalcilar Prison, Altan completed his first novel, Under the Big Eye, and began a second. Based on his own experiences but not narrowly autobiographical, Under the Big Eye is set in a prison cell in Istanbul where the hero has been brought for an unspecified reason. During his stay there, the hero's thoughts constantly return to his childhood experiences, which are interspersed, in dreamlike fashion, with episodes in the cell. He lives in constant fear of being tortured, and the guards do everything in their power to convince him that he is a murderer. At one point he is given a paper saying that no legal proceedings are to be brought against him and believes that this means his release, but at the end of the novel he is still in jail. Yaşar Kemal, Turkey's leading novelist, has called Altan's work ‘a real step forward for the Turkish novel, a masterpiece' and, ironically in view of the author's situation, it has even won literary prizes and topped the best seller lists there. The following extract shows the laconic economy with which Altan writes and renders the nightmare atmosphere of life in jail.
I am a realist
Authors: Voinovich Vladimir 
Published: September 2011

Vladimir Voinovich is a young Russian prose writer who first made a name for himself in 1963 with his long story ‘We live here’, published in the Soviet literary magazine, Novy Mir. Since then he has published sparingly (notably the stories ‘1 want to be honest’ and ‘Two friends’), but has added considerably to his reputation with each new work. Since 1966, however, when he protested against the trial of Sinyavsky and Daniel, he has been in increasing difficulties with the authorities, and in February 1974 he was expelled from the Writers’ Union and deprived of all literary work. In this interview, given in Moscow, he describes his career and the way in which he made the transition from a loyal and innocent writer to ‘dissident’. We also print his letter to Boris Pankin, the head of the Soviet Copyright Agency, in October 1973, and his letter to the Writers’ Union on learning of his impending expulsion. (N.B. A part of this interview was published in German in Die Zeit, 17 January 1975.)
Lee Kuan Yew & the Singapore media: Purging the press
Authors: Casady Simon 
Published: September 2011

Today we publish two articles on the pressures under which newspaper publishers, editors, journalists and other media employees are working in Singapore as the government of Lee Kuan Yew increasingly subscribes to the ‘guided press’ concept common to an increasing number of emergent nations. One of these articles, by an experienced American journalist, Simon Casady, who spent three years in Singapore as a consultant until his expulsion in 1971, concentrates on the press purge carried out that year, giving a detailed account of the authorities' action against Lee Eu Seng, managing director of Nanyang Siang Pau, and his brother, Lee Mau Seng, as well as against other leading Singapore papers such as Sin Chew Jit Po, the Eastern Sun, the Singapore Herald and the Straits Times. In the second article, a regular contributor, Dr John A. Lent, takes a wider look at the whole question of mass media ‘guidance’ by Lee Kuan Yew's government over recent years and provides a well-researched record of official harassment and sanctions ranging from the withdrawal of advertising to long-term imprisonment for some of the more recalcitrant newspapermen.