bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Will Border Carbon Adjustments Work?
Authors: Winchester Niven , Paltsev Sergey , Reilly John M 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The potential for greenhouse gas (GHG) restrictions in some nations to increased emissions in other nations, or leakage, is a contentious issue in climate change negotiations. We evaluate the impact of border carbon adjustments (BCAs) outlined in the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (H.R. 2454), using an economy-wide model. For 2025, we find that BCAs reduce leakage by up to two-thirds, but result in only modest reductions in global emissions and significantly reduce welfare. In contrast, BCA-equivalent leakage reductions can be achieved by very small emission charges or efficiency improvements in nations targeted by BCAs, which have negligible welfare effects. We conclude that BCAs are a costly method to reduce leakage, but may be an effective coercion strategy.
Cortisol and aldosterone response to various doses of cosyntropin in healthy cats
Authors: DeClue Amy E. , Martin Linda G. , Behrend Ellen N. , Cohn Leah A. , Dismukes David I. , Lee Hollie P. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine the lowest dose of cosyntropin on a per body weight basis that would produce maximal cortisol and aldosterone secretion and the ideal timing of blood sample collection after ACTH stimulation in healthy cats.
Design—Randomized crossover trial.
Animals—7 adult sexually intact male purpose-bred cats.
Procedures—Each cat received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control) and 5 doses (125 μg/cat and 10, 5, 2.5, and 1 μg/kg [4.54, 2.27, 1.14, and 0.45 μg/lb]) of cosyntropin IV with a 2-week washout period between treatments. Blood samples were obtained before (baseline) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes after administration of saline solution or cosyntropin.
Results—Serum cortisol and aldosterone concentration increased significantly, compared with baseline values, after administration of all cosyntropin doses. Lower doses of cosyntropin resulted in an adrenocortical response equivalent to the traditional dose of 125 μg/cat. The lowest doses of cosyntropin that stimulated a maximal cortisol and aldosterone response were 5 and 2.5 μg/kg, respectively. Lower doses of cosyntropin resulted in a shorter interval between IV administration of cosyntropin and peak serum cortisol and aldosterone concentrations.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Low-dose ACTH stimulation testing with IV administration of cosyntropin at 5 μg/kg followed by blood sample collection at 60 to 75 minutes resulted in concurrent peak serum cortisol and aldosterone concentrations that were equivalent to those achieved following administration of cosyntropin at 125 μg/cat, the standard dose currently used.
Assessment of exposure to Leptospira serovars in veterinary staff and dog owners in contact with infected dogs
Authors: Barmettler Reto , Schweighauser Ariane , Bigler Susanne , Grooters Amy M. , Francey Thierry 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective—To assess patterns of seroreactivity to Leptospira serovars in veterinary professional staff and dog owners exposed to dogs with acute leptospirosis and to contrast these patterns in people with those observed in dogs.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Sample Population—Human subjects consisted of 91 people (50 veterinarians, 19 technical staff, 9 administrative personnel, and 13 dog owners) exposed to dogs with leptospirosis. Canine subjects consisted of 52 dogs with naturally occurring leptospirosis admitted to the University of Bern Vetsuisse Faculty Small Animal Clinic in 2007 and 2008.
Procedures—People were tested for seroreactivity to regionally prevalent Leptospira serovars by use of a complement fixation test. A questionnaire designed to identify risk factors associated with seropositivity was used to collect demographic information from each study participant. Dogs were tested for seroreactivity to Leptospira serovars by use of a microscopic agglutination test.
Results—On the basis of microscopic agglutination test results, infected dogs were seropositive for antibodies against Leptospira serovars as follows (in descending order): Bratislava (43/52 [83%]), Australis (43/52 [83%]), Grippotyphosa (18/52 [35%]), Pomona (12/52 [23%]), Autumnalis (6/52 [12%]), Icterohemorrhagiae (4/52 [8%]), Tarassovi (2/52 [4%]), and Canicola (1/52 [2%]). All 91 people were seronegative for antibodies against Leptospira serovars. Therefore, statistical evaluation of risk factors and comparison of patterns of seroreactivity to Leptospira serovars between human and canine subjects were limited to theoretical risks.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Seroreactivity to Leptospira serovars among veterinary staff adhering to standard hygiene protocols and pet owners exposed to dogs with acute leptospirosis was uncommon.
Predictors of outcome in dogs treated with adjuvant carboplatin for appendicular osteosarcoma: 65 cases (1996–2006)
Authors: Saam Dianna E. , Liptak Julius M. , Stalker Margaret J. , Chun Ruthanne 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine outcomes and prognostic factors for those outcomes in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated with curative-intent surgery and adjuvant carboplatin.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—65 client-owned dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma and no evidence of gross metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs that underwent limb amputation or distal ulnectomy and adjuvant carboplatin treatment for appendicular osteosarcoma were reviewed. Adverse effects of chemotherapy and findings regarding preoperative biopsy specimens and postoperative diagnostic imaging were recorded. Signalment, clinical history, and chemotherapy variables were evaluated for associations with outcome. Histologic grade and other variables were evaluated for association with outcome for 38 tumors that were retrospectively graded.
Results—The median disease-free interval was 137 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 112 to 177 days). Median survival time was 277 days (95% CI, 203 to 355 days). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 36%, 22%, and 19%, respectively. None of the chemotherapy variables were associated with outcome. Preoperative proteinuria was the only clinical variable associated with poor outcome. Histologic features of tumors associated with a poor outcome were intravascular invasion, mitotic index > 5 in 3 microscopic hpfs, and grade III classification.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Carboplatin administration was well tolerated and resulted in a disease-free interval and median survival time similar to those of other published protocols.
Evaluation of the analgesic effects of oral and subcutaneous tramadol administration in red-eared slider turtles
Authors: Baker Bridget B. , Sladky Kurt K. , Johnson Stephen M. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine the dose- and time-dependent changes in analgesia and respiration caused by tramadol administration in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta).
Design—Crossover study.
Animals—30 adult male and female red-eared slider turtles.
Procedures—11 turtles received tramadol at various doses (1, 5, 10, or 25 mg/kg [0.45, 2.27, 4.54, or 11.36 mg/lb], PO; 10 or 25 mg/kg, SC) or a control treatment administered similarly. Degree of analgesia was assessed through measurement of hind limb thermal withdrawal latencies (TWDLs) at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after tramadol administration. Nineteen other freely swimming turtles received tramadol PO (5, 10, or 25 mg/kg), and ventilation (VE), breath frequency, tidal volume (VT), and expiratory breath duration were measured.
Results—The highest tramadol doses (10 and 25 mg/kg, PO) yielded greater mean TWDLs 6 to 96 hours after administration than the control treatment did, whereas tramadol administered at 5 mg/kg, PO, yielded greater mean TWDLs at 12 and 24 hours. The lowest tramadol dose (1 mg/kg, PO) failed to result in analgesia. Tramadol administered SC resulted in lower TWDLs, slower onset, and shorter duration of action, compared with PO administration. Tramadol at 10 and 25 mg/kg, PO, reduced the VE at 12 hours by 51% and 67%, respectively, and at 24 through 72 hours by 55% to 62% and 61 % to 70%, respectively. However, tramadol at 5 mg/kg, PO, had no effect on the VE.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tramadol administered PO at 5 to 10 mg/kg provided thermal analgesia with less respiratory depression than that reported for morphine in red-eared slider turtles.
The Influence of Pregnancy on the Location of the Center of Gravity in Standing Position
Authors: Opala-Berdzik Agnieszka , Bacik Bogdan , Cieślińska-Świder Joanna , Plewa Michał , Gajewska Monika 
Published: January 2011

The Influence of Pregnancy on the Location of the Center of Gravity in Standing Position
The purpose of the study was to compare the average location of the center of gravity vertical projection in sagittal plane in women at the beginning of and in advanced pregnancy as well as after delivery. The experiment was performed with the use of a force platform during four test sessions. A group of 44 women (8-16 weeks of pregnancy) participated in the initial test session. In the following sessions the number of the subjects reduced mainly due to medical and childcare problems: 33 women were tested in late pregnancy (2-3 weeks before delivery), and 39 women were tested two and six months after delivery.
The results showed the statisticaly significant (p<0,05) posterior displacement of the projection of the center of gravity of the lenth of approximately 4 mm in late pregnancy comparing to the beginning of pregnancy. The displacement may be the result of the body's adaptation to the increased mass in the anterior trunk area in late pregnancy. No discrepancy was found when comparing the average center of gravity location in the early pregnancy and after delivery.
We concluded that the change of the center of gravity location in late pregnancy is temporary and two months after delivery the vertical projection of the center of gravity is located as it was at the beginning of pregnancy.
Effect of Additional Load on Power Output during Drop Jump Training
Authors: Makaruk Hubert , Sacewicz Tomasz , Czaplicki Adam , Sadowski Jerzy 
Published: January 2011

Effect of Additional Load on Power Output during Drop Jump Training
Plyometrics can be an effective way of improving power performance in many sports. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of additional loading on power during drop jump training. Forty-two untrained physical education students with plyometric training background participated in a six-week training 3 times a week. Subjects were randomized to one of three training groups: without (FREE) and with a weight vest (VEST; 5% body weight), and a control group (CON). Pretraining and post-training measures of concentric peak power (PP), force (Fpp) and velocity (υPP) at peak power and, in addition, time between eccentric and concentric peak power (tPPEC) were analyzed in a countermovement jump (CMJ) and a drop jump (DJ) from a height of 0.3 m. The FREE and VEST groups considerably improved PP in CMJ (p < 0.05), but υPP significantly increased (p < 0.05) and tPPEC significantly decreased (p < 0.05) only in the FREE group. The enhancement of PP and υPP was only demonstrated by the FREE group in DJ. The FREE group significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and the VEST group significantly increased (p < 0.05) tPPEC in DJ. It can be concluded that using additional load during drop jump training does not produce superior gains in power output when compared to a traditional drop jump training program.
Which Factors Affect Hand Selection in Adults? Combined Effects of Ocular Dominance, Task Demand and Object Location
Authors: Rezaee Meysam , Shojaee Masomeh , Ghasemi Abdullah , Moghaddam Amir , Momeni Maryam 
Published: January 2011

Which Factors Affect Hand Selection in Adults? Combined Effects of Ocular Dominance, Task Demand and Object Location
Eighty-five right-handed subjects (39 female and 46 male, 47 being right-eye dominant and 38 being left-eye dominant) were tested on three tasks of different levels of difficulty, performed in five locations. In the current study, participants were required to pick up the tool, pick up and pantomime how to use it and pick up and actual use on the materials provided. Our goal was to evaluate how the effect of object location interacts with task difficulty on adult hand selection. We also tried to evaluate the effect of eye dominance as a biological factor on hand selection. The result showed that the frequency of preferred hand reaches was greater for pantomime and real use than the pick up condition. This effect was mediated by the position of the object in hemispace, with more right hand reaches occurring for the use and pantomime task than the pick up task. The result also revealed that there is no difference between frequency of preferred hand reaches in left- and right-eye dominant. Based on results of this study, it can be suggested that limb selection depends on task and environmental constraints, rather than a biological factor like eye dominance.
Changes in Plasma Potassium During Graded Aerobic Exercise and Two Hours of Recovery
Authors: Tenan Matthew , McMurray Robert , Hosick Peter , Hackney Anthony 
Published: January 2011

Changes in Plasma Potassium During Graded Aerobic Exercise and Two Hours of Recovery
Plasma potassium increases with exercise intensity. Subjects (n=8) were monitored for changes in plasma potassium while exercising at progressively increasing steady-state intensities and for two hours of recovery. Plasma potassium was significantly increased at 100% of VO2peak compared to 20% and 40% (p<0.01). Plasma potassium at 60 and 120 minutes of recovery from exercise was significantly higher than 6 minutes post exercise (p<0.015). These results support the supposition that high-intensity exercise may lead to hyperkalemia, and also indicates that increases in [K+] occur up to two hours after the cessation of exercise, a newly reported phenomenon. Although, high levels of plasma potassium are known to cause cardiac abnormalities and related events, exercise induced changes in normal healthy adults are not currently believed to have clinical implications
Thermal Bridge Impact on the Heating Demand in a Low-Energy House
Authors: Pelss Martins , Blumberga Andra , Kamenders Agris 
Published: January 2011

Thermal Bridge Impact on the Heating Demand in a Low-Energy House
Thermal bridges typically occur at the junction of different building components where it is difficult to achieve continuity in the thermal insulation layer. In this paper thermal bridges are investigated in the first one-family low-energy house in Latvia. The proportion of the overall heat loss due to thermal bridging is determined based on the results from a numerical calculation method described in the standard LVS EN ISO 10211 and from the simplified calculation method given in the standard LVS EN ISO 14683. In this paper the software tool THERM is used for two-dimensional thermal bridge model simulations. The results suggest that 7.7 % of the total heat transmission losses occur due to thermal bridges.
Analysis of Long-Term Plan for Energy Supply System for Latvia that is 100% Based on the Use of Local Energy Resources
Authors: Porubova Jekaterina , Bazbauers Gatis 
Published: January 2011

Analysis of Long-Term Plan for Energy Supply System for Latvia that is 100% Based on the Use of Local Energy Resources
The prices of fossil energy resources are expected to rise substantially in the future, therefore fossil energy resources might not be a feasible energy source for Latvia in the long term. The establishment of a fully self-sufficient energy supply system will require a significant transformation of the existing energy supply and transport infrastructure. Early planning of such a system makes it possible to shape development of the existing energy system in order to achieve that goal of a fully self-sufficient energy supply system. The paper shows a potential solution to establish an energy and transport system solely based on the domestic primary resources by the year 2050.
Observation of stacking faults in a scanning electron microscope by electron channelling contrast imaging
Authors: Weidner Anja , Glage Alexander , Sperling Lutz , Biermann Horst 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The electron channelling contrast imaging technique was applied in a scanning electron microscope equipped with a field emission gun and high beam current mode for imaging stacking faults, in particular in two different variants of cast TRIP steel after tensile and cyclic deformation. Besides well developed deformation bands, individual stacking faults with low dissipation width were observed in the metastable austenitic matrix.
Identify Biomarkers of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Combined with Weak Cation Magnetic Beads
Authors: SUN LING , CHEN HUA , HU CHAOJUN , WANG PENG , LI YONGZHE , XIE JING , TANG FULIN , BA DENIAN , ZHANG XUAN , HE WEI 
Published: January 2011

Objective.To identify proteomic biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and develop a diagnostic proteomic model for neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE).Methods.CSF proteomic spectra were generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) combined with weak cation exchange (WCX) magnetic beads. The spectra were taken from 27 patients with NPSLE before and after treatment, and 27 controls including 17 patients with scoliosis and 10 patients with SLE but without neuropsychiatric manifestation. Discriminating peaks were processed by Biomarker Patterns Software to build a decision tree model for NPSLE classification. In addition, CSF samples of 12 patients with NPSLE, 12 patients with lumbar disc herniation, and 9 patients with other neurological conditions were used as a blind test group to verify the accuracy of the model.Results.Twelve discriminating mass-to-charge (m/z) peaks were identified between NPSLE and controls: m/z peaks 7740, 11962, 8065, 7661, 6637, 5978, 11384, 11744, 8595, 10848, 7170, and 5806. The diagnostic decision tree model, built with a panel of m/z peaks 8595, 7170, 7661, 7740, and 5806, recognized NPSLE with both sensitivity and specificity of 92.6%, based on training group samples, and sensitivity and specificity of 91.7% and 85.7%, respectively, based on the blind test group. In addition, the root node m/z peak 8595 protein, which was downregulated in the CSF of patients with NPSLE after treatment, was identified and confirmed as ubiquitin by immunoprecipitation and ELISA.Conclusion.Potential CSF biomarkers for NPSLE are identified by MALDI-TOF-MS combined with WCX magnetic beads. The novel diagnostic proteomic model with m/z peaks 8595, 7170, 7661, 7740, and 5806 is highly sensitive and relatively specific for NPSLE diagnosis. The level of ubiquitin in CSF is a promising biomarker for active NPSLE.
Use of Serum Clara Cell 16-kDa (CC16) Levels as a Potential Indicator of Active Pulmonary Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: HASEGAWA MINORU , FUJIMOTO MANABU , HAMAGUCHI YASUHITO , MATSUSHITA TAKASHI , INOUE KATSUMI , SATO SHINICHI , TAKEHARA KAZUHIKO 
Published: January 2011

Objective.To clarify the clinical significance of concentrations of serum Clara cell 16-kDa protein (CC16; previously denoted CC10) in the diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc); and to compare CC16 levels with levels of the current most reliable serum markers for PF, such as Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) antigen and surfactant protein-D (SP-D).Methods.Serum levels of CC16, KL-6, and SP-D were determined by ELISA in 92 patients with SSc, 20 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 20 healthy controls. In a retrospective longitudinal study, correlation of serum CC16 levels with the activity of PF was assessed in 16 SSc patients with PF.Results.Although CC16 levels were higher in patients with SSc than in SLE patients or healthy controls, the difference was not significant. Increased serum CC16 levels were associated with involvement of PF, especially active PF, as well as KL-6 and SP-D. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the utility of CC16 is slightly inferior to KL-6, but was comparable with that of SP-D for detecting PF in patients with SSc. In the longitudinal study, serum levels of CC16, KL-6, and SP-D were significantly decreased in the inactive disease phase compared to the active disease phase.Conclusion.CC16 levels can be used as a potential serum biomarker for PF in addition to KL-6 and SP-D in patients with SSc.
Antinuclear Antibodies and Clinical Associations in a British Cohort with Limited Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: GLIDDON ANGELA E. , DORÉ CAROLINE J. , DUNPHY JULIET , BETTERIDGE ZOË , McHUGH NEIL J. , MADDISON PETER J. ,   the QUINS Trial Study Group
Published: January 2011

Objective.To assess the prevalence of disease-specific autoantibodies in patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc).Methods.Sera from 180 patients with lcSSc were analyzed for antinuclear antibody (ANA). Clinical characteristics were compared in the presence or absence of specific autoantibodies.Results.SSc-specific antibodies were detected in 135 patients (75%). Associations were found between anticentromere antibody and age at lcSSc diagnosis, telangiectasia, reduced creatinine clearance, and selective reduction in DLCO, and between antitopoisomerase-I and pulmonary fibrosis.Conclusion.The majority of patients with lcSSc belong to distinctive serologic subsets, potentially with prognostic significance.
Plasma Platelet-derived Microparticles in Patients with Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: OYABU CHINAMI , MORINOBU AKIO , SUGIYAMA DAISUKE , SAEGUSA JUN , TANAKA SHINO , MORINOBU SAHOKO , TSUJI GOH , KASAGI SHIMPEI , KAWANO SEIJI , KUMAGAI SHUNICHI 
Published: January 2011

Objective.To clarify the role of platelet-derived microparticles (PDMP), which are small vesicles with thrombotic and immunological properties, in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), dermatomyositis/polymyositis (PM/DM), and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD).Methods.Plasma levels of PDMP were measured by ELISA, and compared among patients with one of the 4 diseases. Association of PDMP levels with clinical characteristics and medication of the patients was also examined.Results.PDMP levels were higher in patients with MCTD and SSc than in controls. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) showed higher PDMP levels than those without. PDMP levels in individual patients did not fluctuate significantly over several months.Conclusion.PDMP level is associated with MCTD, SSc, and RP, and could be a novel marker for RP.