bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FINANCIAL SYSTEM SOPHISTICATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES
Authors: Feldmann Horst 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTBy using data on 21 industrial countries from 1984 to 2006 and a large number of controls, this paper studies the unemployment effects of one major characteristic of the financial system: its level of sophistication, that is, the variety of financial institutions and instruments available to the economy. The paper finds that a higher level of sophistication is likely to reduce unemployment among the total labour force as well as among high‐skilled workers. The magnitude of both effects appears to be modest. By contrast, financial system sophistication does not appear to affect unemployment among low‐skilled workers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution and Local Species Diversity of Freshwater Ostracoda in Relation to Habitat in the Kahramanmaraş Province of Turkey
Authors: Külköylüoğlu Okan , Yavuzatmaca Mehmet , Akdemir Derya , Sari Necmettin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTo understand the relationship between local (alpha) diversity of ostracods and their distribution, 95 different locations were randomly sampled from southern Kahramanmaraş (Turkey) between 7 June and 31 July, 2010. Total of 46 ostracods were encountered from 68 sites. Four alpha diversity indices (Shannon‐Wiener, Menhinick, Brillouin, Margalef) individually quantified higher species diversity and evenness for three types of habitats (limnocrene springs, ponds, stream). Diversity partitioning analyses revealed a significant and substantial beta‐diversity among the sites. First axis of CCA exhibited about 71% of the correlations between species and environmental variables. Water temperature, having either a negative or positive correlation with individual species, was the most influential factor affecting diversity. Altitude did not significantly affect the numbers of species identified from the elevation ranges of 400–600 m and 800–1000 m. At least nine cosmopolitan species from 56 sites had an important contribution to local diversity. Hence, suitability of aquatic (ecological) conditions and habitat types provide better explanations for ostracod diversity than do other abiotic factors such as altitude, pH and salinity. The results may support the Habitat Diversity Hypothesis but the study needs to be expanded to different regions and cannot be generalized at the moment. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Composition and Distribution of Recent Marine Ostracod Assemblages in the Bottom Sediments of Central Aegean Sea (SE Andros Island, Greece)
Authors: Tsourou Theodora 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe present study provides a thorough analysis of the composition of recent marine ostracod populations from the bottom sediments of the central Aegean Sea, as well as their distribution patterns. In particular, a detailed qualitative and quantitative study of living ostracod assemblages was carried out in the marine environments of SE Andros Island. Sampling took place at Kastro and Korthi Gulf, both located at the southeastern coast of the Andros Island and from depth of 1.5 to 18 m, while additional samples were collected outside the gulfs at a depth of 120–180 m. Only ostracods considered to have been living at the time of collection were picked from the samples. A total of 51 species belonging to 34 genera were identified and four main ostracod assemblages, representing different biotopes, were distinguished. The results produced from the application of Q‐mode cluster analysis in the data set, the calculated assemblage structure indices for each sample, as well as the bathymetric and granulometric data are as follows: Hiltermannicythere rubra assemblage (occurs in substrates of sandy mud and at a water depth ranging from 40–60 m to the depth of 100 m or even more), Loxoconcha affinis, Xestoleberis sexmaculata assemblage (occurs in substrates of muddy very fine to fine sands and shallower environments), Semicytherura incogruens assemblage (occurs in very fine sands at a water depth from 10 to 28 m), Loculicytheretta pavonia and Neocytherideis fasciata, Pontocythere turbita assemblages (occurs mainly in fine sands and at a water depth between 3.5 and 15 m) and Urocythereis neapolitana assemblage (occurs in substrates of medium to coarse sand and at a water depth of less than 20 m). (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transition state theory thermal rate constants and RRKM‐based branching ratios for the N(2D) + CH4 reaction based on multi‐sState and multi‐reference Ab Initio calculations of interest for the titan's chemistry
Authors: Ouk Chanda‐Malis , Zvereva‐Loëte Natalia , Scribano Yohann , Bussery‐Honvault Béatrice 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMultireference single and double configuration interaction (MRCI) calculations including Davidson (+Q) or Pople (+P) corrections have been conducted in this work for the reactants, products, and extrema of the doublet ground state potential energy surface involved in the N(2D) + CH4 reaction. Such highly correlated ab initio calculations are then compared with previous PMP4, CCSD(T), W1, and DFT/B3LYP studies. Large relative differences are observed in particular for the transition state in the entrance channel resolving the disagreement between previous ab initio calculations. We confirm the existence of a small but positive potential barrier (3.86 ± 0.84 kJ mol−1 (MR‐AQCC) and 3.89 kJ mol−1 (MRCI+P)) in the entrance channel of the title reaction. The correlation is seen to change significantly the energetic position of the two minima and five saddle points of this system together with the dissociation channels but not their relative order. The influence of the electronic correlation into the energetic of the system is clearly demonstrated by the thermal rate constant evaluation and it temperature dependance by means of the transition state theory. Indeed, only MRCI values are able to reproduce the experimental rate constant of the title reaction and its behavior with temperature. Similarly, product branching ratios, evaluated by means of unimolecular RRKM theory, confirm the NH production of Umemoto et al., whereas previous works based on less accurate ab initio calculations failed. We confirm the previous findings that the N(2D) + CH4 reaction proceeds via an insertion–dissociation mechanism and that the dominant product channels are CH2NH + H and CH3 + NH. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative mapping of total choline in healthy human breast using proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) at 3 Tesla
Authors: Zhao Chenguang , Bolan Patrick J. , Royce Melanie , Lakkadi Navneeth , Eberhardt Steven , Sillerud Laurel , Lee Sang‐Joon , Posse Stefan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurpose:To quantitatively measure tCho levels in healthy breasts using Proton‐Echo‐Planar‐Spectroscopic‐Imaging (PEPSI).Materials and Methods:The two‐dimensional mapping of tCho at 3 Tesla across an entire breast slice using PEPSI and a hybrid spectral quantification method based on LCModel fitting and integration of tCho using the fitted spectrum were developed. This method was validated in 19 healthy females and compared with single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) and with PRESS prelocalized conventional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) using identical voxel size (8 cc) and similar scan times (∼7 min).Results:A tCho peak with a signal to noise ratio larger than 2 was detected in 10 subjects using both PEPSI and SVS. The average tCho concentration in these subjects was 0.45 ± 0.2 mmol/kg using PEPSI and 0.48 ± 0.3 mmol/kg using SVS. Comparable results were obtained in two subjects using conventional MRSI. High lipid content in the spectra of nine tCho negative subjects was associated with spectral line broadening of more than 26 Hz, which made tCho detection impossible. Conventional MRSI with PRESS prelocalization in glandular tissue in two of these subjects yielded tCho concentrations comparable to PEPSI.Conclusion:The detection sensitivity of PEPSI is comparable to SVS and conventional PRESS‐MRSI. PEPSI can be potentially used in the evaluation of tCho in breast cancer. A tCho threshold concentration value of ∼0.7 mmol/kg might be used to differentiate between cancerous and healthy (or benign) breast tissues based on this work and previous studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:1113–1123. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring bone mineral density with fat–water MRI: comparison with computed tomography
Authors: Ho Kai‐Yu , Hu Houchun H. , Keyak Joyce H. , Colletti Patrick M. , Powers Christopher M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurpose:To develop a method for measuring bone mineral density (BMD) with MRI, and to validate this method against quantitative computed tomography (QCT).Materials and Methods:A mathematical relationship between signal intensities from proton‐density‐weighted in‐phase images generated by multi‐fat‐peak T‐IDEAL MRI and BMD was derived using a set of calibration standards constructed from various concentrations of hydroxyapatite in water. Using these standards, the relationship between hydroxyapatite concentration and MRI signal intensity was examined. A T‐IDEAL protocol was performed on the patella of 5 volunteers and the signal model was used to compute BMD of all voxels of the patella. The BMD data were validated by obtaining QCT scans of the same patella, computing QCT BMD of all voxels, and comparing the MRI and QCT BMD data by performing linear regression analysis on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis.Results:A strong linear correlation between hydroxyapatite concentration of the calibration standards and MRI signal intensities was observed (r = 0.98; P < 0.01). In the patella, BMD measurements (N = 28796 voxels) from the MRI signal model were significantly correlated with those from QCT (r = 0.82; P < 0.001; slope = 1.02; and intercept = −0.26).Conclusion:A standardized phantom consisting of hydroxyapatite and water can be used to accurately quantify BMD in vivo using MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:237–242. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combined hepatocellular carcinoma‐cholangiocarcinoma: Report of MR appearance in eleven patients
Authors: de Campos Rafael O.P. , Semelka Richard C. , Azevedo Rafael M. , Ramalho Miguel , Heredia Vasco , Armao Diane M. , Woosley John T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurpose:To describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of hepatic combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‐CC) in 11 patients.Materials and Methods:The database of the Department of Pathology was cross‐referenced with the MRI database to identify patients with confirmed cHCC‐CC who had undergone MRI. Eleven consecutive patients were included (seven female, mean age 57.6 years). All patients were Caucasian. Five of 11 had a clinical history of chronic liver disease. Two radiologists retrospectively analyzed the images in consensus.Results:cHCC‐CC was a single mass in 10/11 patients. Margins were well‐defined in 6/11. All tumors showed heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2. On postcontrast imaging, 6/11 showed early ring‐enhancement (four noncirrhotic), with progressive enhancement in central portions, and 5/11 patients showed a diffuse heterogeneous early enhancement. Three of these five were cirrhotic and displayed partial washout with portions of contrast retention on later phases. Other findings included: late capsule enhancement (two patients), biliary dilatation (one), venous invasion (three), lymphadenopathy (six), and findings of cirrhosis (five).Conclusion:cHCC‐CC presents most commonly as a single mass. Five of 11 had MR findings of cirrhosis. Clues to the diagnosis were moderately high signal on T2, portions of tumor that show progressive enhancement/contrast retention, and frequent lack of capsule. Early enhancement patterns included early ring‐enhancement and diffuse heterogeneous enhancement. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:1139–1147. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Semidiscrete Galerkin method for equations of motion arising in Kelvin‐Voigt model of viscoelastic fluid flow
Authors: Bajpai Saumya , Nataraj Neela , Pani Amiya K. , Damazio Pedro , Yuan Jin Yun 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFinite element Galerkin method is applied to equations of motion arising in the Kelvin–Voigt model of viscoelastic fluids for spatial discretization. Some new a priori bounds which reflect the exponential decay property are obtained for the exact solution. For optimal L∞(L2) estimate in the velocity, a new auxiliary operator which is based on a modification of the Stokes operator is introduced and analyzed. Finally, optimal error bounds for the velocity in L∞(L2) as well as in L∞(H)‐norms and the pressure in L∞(L2)‐norm are derived which again preserves the exponential decay property. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
An approximation of incompressible miscible displacement in porous media by mixed finite elements and symmetric finite volume element method of characteristics
Authors: Yin Zhe , Rui Hongxing , Xu Qiang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA nonlinear system of two coupled partial differential equations models miscible displacement of one incompressible fluid by another in a porous medium. A sequential implicit time‐stepping procedure is defined, in which the pressure and Darcy velocity of the mixture are approximated by a mixed finite element method and the concentration is approximated by a combination of a modified symmetric finite volume element method and the method of characteristics. Optimal order convergence in H1 and in L2 are proved for full discrete schemes. Finally, some numerical experiments are presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
control synthesis of switched discrete‐time fuzzy systems via hybrid approach
Authors: Xiang Weiming , Xiao Jian 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYBecause switched system with nonlinear subsystems shows great difficulties in controller design by conventional methodologies, the fuzzy logic theory, which has been proven to be a practical and effective way to deal with the analysis and synthesis problems for complex nonlinear systems, is applied to design a class of hybrid fuzzy controller for switched discrete‐time fuzzy system in this paper. On a basis of one step prediction of switching signal, a hybrid parallel distributed compensation (PDC) control strategy is proposed, which includes two necessary parts: the state feedback controllers for subsystems and the update feedback controllers for switching instants. In both arbitrary and dwell‐time switching cases investigated, it is proved that the hybrid PDC controller contains less conservativeness than conventional switched PDC controller. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymer electrolyte membranes composed of an electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) fibrous mat in a poly(4‐vinylpyridine) matrix
Authors: Nah Changwoon , Jeong Kwang‐Un , Lee Youn‐Sik , Lee Soo‐Hyoung , Kader Mohamed Mustafa Abdul , Lee Hong Ki , Ahn Jou‐Hyeon 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNewly proposed polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) composed of an electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibrous mat embedded in a poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) matrix were successfully fabricated in order to improve the mechanical and dimensional stabilities and ionic conductivity of membranes in lithium rechargeable batteries. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis showed that as a result of the use of a high voltage during electrospinning the crystalline structure of PVDF changed partially from α‐phase to β‐phase. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy confirmed the existence of crosslinked P4VP in the PVDF fibrous mat. The electrolyte uptakes of PVDF and PVDF/P4VP composite mats were higher than that of PVDF cast film. The tensile properties of PVDF/P4VP composite mat were considerably improved compared to those of the pristine PVDF fibrous mat under both dry and wet (soaked with electrolyte) conditions. In addition, the mechanical and dimensional stabilities of the PVDF/P4VP composite PEM were further enhanced due to crosslinking between the P4VP chains. Furthermore, the PVDF/P4VP composite PEM exhibited an ionic conductivity that was an order of magnitude higher than that of traditional PVDF film. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Round‐robin measurement intercomparison of c‐Si PV modules among Asian testing laboratories
Authors: Hishikawa Yoshihiro , Liu Haitao , Hsieh Hsin‐Hsin , Inoue Takamitsu , Kim Kyung‐Soo , Limsakul Chamnan , Kim Seong‐Won , Ninae Ruengrit , Morita Kengo 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTBecause of recent advances in the production and installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems, the international conformity of PV module performance measurement has become increasingly important. The increase in PV production sites is particularly significant in the Asian region. The present paper summarizes and discusses the results of a round‐robin intercomparison of crystalline silicon modules among national laboratories and certified testing laboratories in the Asian region conducted from 2009 to 2011. Most of the values of Pmax measured at the different laboratories were within a ±2% range, although some Pmax results showed differences of up to about 3%. This result is comparable to that obtained in the recent intercomparison among international laboratories. Possible sources of difference in the measured values of Isc, Voc, FF, and Pmax are discussed, for further improvement of international conformity in PV measurement technologies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid annealing of reactively sputtered precursors for Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells
Authors: Scragg Jonathan J. , Ericson Tove , Fontané Xavier , Izquierdo‐Roca Victor , Pérez‐Rodríguez Alejandro , Kubart Tomas , Edoff Marika , Platzer‐Björkman Charlotte 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTCu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a promising thin‐film absorber material that presents some interesting challenges in fabrication when compared with Cu(In,Ga)Se2. We introduce a two‐step process for fabrication of CZTS films, involving reactive sputtering of a Cu‐Zn‐Sn‐S precursor followed by rapid annealing. X‐ray diffraction and Raman measurements of the sputtered precursor suggest that it is in a disordered, metastable CZTS phase, similar to the high‐temperature cubic modification reported for CZTS. A few minutes of annealing at 550 °C are sufficient to produce crystalline CZTS films with grain sizes in the micrometer range. The first reported device using this approach has an AM1.5 efficiency of 4.6%, with Jsc and Voc both appearing to be limited by interface recombination. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic counseling does not fulfill the counselees' need for certainty in hereditary breast/ovarian cancer families: an explorative assessment
Authors: Vos Joël , Menko Fred H. , Oosterwijk Jan C. , van Asperen Christi J. , Stiggelbout Anne M. , Tibben Aad 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundMany cancer‐patients undergo DNA testing in the BRCA1/2 genes to receive information about the likelihood that cancer is heritable. Previous nonsystematic studies suggested that DNA testing often does not fulfill the counselees' needs for certainty. We explored the balance between the counselees' need for certainty and perceived certainty (NfC‐PC, i.e., level of fulfillment of NfC) regarding the specific domains of DNA test result, heredity and cancer. We also examined relationships of NfC‐PC with coping styles and distress.MethodBefore disclosure of BRCA1/2 test results for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (T1), questionnaires were filled in by 467 cancer‐patients. Another questionnaire (T2) was filled in after disclosure of pathogenic mutation results (n = 30), uninformative results (n = 202) or unclassified‐variants (n = 16).ResultsBefore and after DNA test result disclosure, overall 58–94% of all counselees experienced unfulfilled NfC regarding the DNA test result, heredity and cancer. Compared with T1, the communication of pathogenic mutations (T2) caused more fulfillment of the NfC about the DNA test result, but less about cancer and heredity (p < .01). Compared with T1, unclassified variants (T2) did not significantly change the extent of fulfillment of all counselees' needs for certainty (NfC > PC). Compared with T1, uninformative results (T2) caused more fulfillments of all needs than before disclosure (p < 0.01). Counselees differentiated NfC and PC between the domains of DNA‐test result, heredity and cancer ( p < 0.01). The unfulfilled needs for certainty (NfC‐PC) were uncorrelated with cognitive understanding of the DNA test result.ConclusionThe counselees' NfC needs more attention in research and practice, for example, when the potential uncertainties of testing are discussed. The counselees' NfC may be assessed and used in tailored, mutual communication of DNA test results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interleukin‐6 promoter variants, prostate cancer risk, and survival
Authors: Tindall Elizabeth A. , Severi Gianluca , Hoang Hoa N. , Southey Melissa C. , English Dallas R. , Hopper John L. , Giles Graham G. , Hayes Vanessa M. ,   Australian Prostate Cancer BioResource
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDInflammation has been implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) pathogenesis. Promoter DNA variants responsible for differential expression of key cytokines may therefore influence susceptibility to PCa.METHODSTwo interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) promoter variants, −174G>C and −6331T>C, were genotyped for association with PCa risk and survival using the Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer Study (RFPCS, 825 cases and 732 controls) and the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS, 818 cases and 1,745 controls). Impact of genotypes on IL‐6 transcriptional activity was measured using Low Density Arrays.RESULTSA significant increase in IL‐6 transcriptional activity in malignant compared to benign prostate tissue supports a role for IL‐6 in PCa. The −174G>C variant showed no association with PCa risk, overall survival, or IL‐6 transcriptional activity. The −6331 C‐allele was significantly associated with an increased risk in the RFPCS (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.08–1.54), but not in the MCCS. In the MCCS however, cases presenting with a CC genotype conferred a higher risk of mortality (HR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.34–3.85), which was maintained although reduced overall in the pooled analysis with RFPCS (HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.10–2.54). Furthermore, we associate the minor C‐allele with a significant decrease in IL‐6 transcriptional activity.CONCLUSIONSWhile our study refutes a role for IL‐6 −174G>C, it is the first to implicate −6331T>C with PCa risk and poor survival. Our observation that −6331T>C has a significant impact on IL‐6 transcriptional activity, calls for further investigations into the role of this variant as a novel PCa biomarker. Prostate 72:1701–1707, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.