bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sporadic endolymphatic sac tumor: Its clinical, radiological, and histological features, management, and follow‐up
Authors: Poletti Arturo M. , Dubey Siba P. , Barbò Regina , Pericotti Sergio , Fiamengo Barbara , Colombo Giovanni , Scorsetti Marta , Lorusso Rosaria , Mazzoni Antonio 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundSporadic endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) is rare. We described the clinical, radiological, and histological features, treatment, and follow‐up of ELST.MethodThis was a retrospective analysis of 7 cases of sporadic ELST that were managed between 1993 and 2010.ResultsTwenty‐five to 75 years was the age range of the patients. Subjective hearing loss and tinnitus were the most common presenting features. Five patients had total deafness and 2 had severe sensorineural hearing loss. The most common radiological feature was temporal bone destruction with tumor extension to cerebellopontine angle and posterior cranial fossa. Cholesterol or hemosiderin cysts around the tumor could be a characteristic feature. Major skull base procedures were performed in all 7 cases, and complete tumor excision was achieved in 6 of them. One patient needed a second surgery after she was referred to us after an incomplete first surgery. Recurrences were detected in 2 patients during follow‐up; 1 of them received irradiation without minimal change to the tumor size and the second refused any treatment for the recurrence. Both of them are alive with disease.ConclusionEarly detection and radical surgical excision at first attempt give best results. Radiotherapy could be considered only in unresectable recurrences. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Determining the involvement of two aminopeptidase Ns in the resistance of Plutella xylostella to the Bt toxin Cry1Ac: Cloning and study of in vitro function
Authors: Chang Xiaoli , Wu Qingjun , Wang Shaoli , Wang Ran , Yang Zhongxia , Chen Defeng , Jiao Xiaoguo , Mao Zhenchuan , Zhang Youjun 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe cloning, expression in vitro, and characterization of two aminopeptidase Ns (APN5s and APN2s) isolated from the midgut of Cry1Ac‐resistant (R) and susceptible (S) strains of Plutella xylostella larvae are presented in this paper. The deduced amino acid sequences of APN5s included C‐terminal GPI‐modification sites, the gluzincin aminopeptidase motif GATEN, and three N‐glycosylated sites; those of APN2s had no GPI‐modification sites, had gluzincin aminopeptidase motif GAMEN, and had four N‐glycosylated sites. O‐glycosylated sites were not predicted for either APN. Because APN2R and APN2S cDNAs contained the same nucleotides, only full‐length cDNAs encoding APN5R and APN5S were expressed in Trichoplusia ni cells. Far‐Western blotting showed that the expressed receptor APN5 bound to the Cry1Ac toxin. An enzyme‐specific activity experiment also showed that APN5 genes were expressed in T. ni cells. ELISA revealed no differences in the binding of expression proteins from the resistant and susceptible strain with Cry1Ac. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:60–70 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20401
Formulation of a new and simple nonuniform size‐modified poisson–boltzmann description
Authors: Boschitsch Alexander H. , Danilov Pavel V. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equation (PBE) governing biomolecular electrostatics neglects ion size and ion correlation effects, and recent research activity has focused on accounting for these effects to achieve better physical modeling realism. Here, attention is focused on the comparatively simpler challenge of addressing ion size effects within a continuum‐based solvent modeling framework. Prior works by Borukhov et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett.
1997, 79, 435; Electrochim. Acta
2000, 46, 221) have examined the case of uniform ion size in considerable detail. Generalizations to accommodate different species ion sizes have been performed by Li (Nonlinearity
2009, 22, 811; SIAM J. Math. Anal.
2009, 40, 2536) and Zhou et al. (Phys. Rev. E
2011, 84, 021901) using a variational principle, Chu et al. (Biophys. J.
2007, 93, 3202) using a lattice gas model, and Tresset (Phys. Rev. E
2008, 78, 061506) using a generalized Poisson–Fermi distribution. The current work provides an alternative derivation using simple statistical mechanics principles that place the ion size effects and energy distributions on a consistent statistical footing. The resulting expressions differ from the prior nonuniform ion‐size developments. However, all treatments reduce to the same form in the cases of uniform ion‐size and zero ion size (the PBE). Because of their importance to molecular modeling and salt‐dependent behavior, expressions for the salt sensitivities and ionic forces are also derived using the nonuniform ion size description. Emphasis in this article is on formulation and numerically robust evaluation; results are presented for a simple sphere and a previously considered DNA structure for comparison and validation. More extensive application to biomolecular systems is deferred to a subsequent article. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adjustment of cerebrospinal fluid protein for red blood cells in neonates and young infants
Authors: Hines Elizabeth M. , Nigrovic Lise E. , Neuman Mark I. , Shah Samir S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractOBJECTIVE:To determine the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) red blood cell (RBC) count and CSF protein in neonates and young infants undergoing lumbar puncture.DESIGN:Cross‐sectional study.SETTING:Urban tertiary care children's hospital.PATIENTS:Infants 56 days of age and younger who had a lumbar puncture in the emergency department between January 1, 2005 and July 31, 2009 were eligible for inclusion. Infants with missing laboratory data, exceedingly high CSF red blood cell counts, or conditions known to elevate CSF protein were excluded.MEASUREMENTS:Linear regression was used to determine the association between CSF RBC and CSF protein.RESULTS:Of 1986 infants, 56 days of age or younger, who underwent lumbar puncture in the emergency department during the study period, 1241 (62.5%) met inclusion criteria. The median age was 34 days (interquartile range: 19‐46 days); 45% of patients were male. The median CSF RBC count was 40 cells/mm3 (interquartile range: 2‐1080 cells/mm3); 11.8% of patients had a CSF RBC >10,000 cells/mm3. CSF protein increased by 1.9 mg/dL (95% confidence interval: 1.7‐2.1 mg/dL) per 1000 CSF RBCs for all included patients. Restricting analysis to patients without pleocytosis yielded comparable results, as did subanalyses by age and delivery type.CONCLUSIONS:We found that CSF protein concentrations increased by approximately 2 mg/dL for every 1000 CSF RBCs. These data may assist clinicians in interpreting CSF protein concentrations in infants 56 days of age and younger in the context of traumatic lumbar punctures. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Magnetic resonance imaging findings of the mass‐forming type of autoimmune pancreatitis: Comparison with pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hur Bo Yun , Lee Jeong Min , Lee Jeong Eun , Park Jae Yong , Kim Soo Jin , Joo Ijin , Shin Cheong Il , Baek Jee Hyun , Kim Jung Hoon , Han Joon Koo , Choi Byung Ihn 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPurpose:To determine the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of mass‐forming autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), which allow its differentiation from pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC).Materials and Methods:MR images of 37 patients with either pathologically proven, mass‐forming AIPs (n = 9) or PACs (n = 28) were retrospectively reviewed. The pancreatic MR protocol included unenhanced images, contrast‐enhanced dynamic images, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and MR‐cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). Two reviewers analyzed the MR images regarding the number, location, morphologic features, and enhancement degree and pattern of the lesions as well as secondary changes of the pancreatic parenchyma, the biliary and pancreatic ducts. The size and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the lesions were measured.Results:Although sensitivities were low (28.6%–44.4%), specificities of multiplicity, capsule‐like rim enhancement, and skipped stricture of the biliary or pancreatic duct in mass‐forming AIP were high (100%). Sensitivities and specificities of irregular or geographic shape, delayed enhancement, and a low ADC value <1.26 × 10−3 mm2/s in mass‐forming AIP were favorable (71.4%–83.3% and 78.5%–89.3%).Conclusion:Although to differentiate mass‐forming AIP from pancreatic cancer is difficult, the combination of MRI findings including contrast‐enhanced dynamic images, MRCP, and DWI can be a help. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:188–197. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Cd‐tolerant rice mutant cadH‐5 is a high Cd accumulator and shows enhanced antioxidant activity
Authors: Shen Guo‐Ming , Zhu Cheng , Shangguan Li‐Na. , Du Qi‐Zhen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTo investigate the mechanism of cadmium (Cd) detoxification in rice (Oryza sativa L.), a Cd‐tolerant mutant cadH‐5, obtained by an Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐based gene‐delivery system, was used for a Cd‐tolerance and accumulation study. After 15 d of exposure to 0.75 mM CdCl2, significant phenotypic differences were observed between the wild type (WT) and cadH‐5. When exposed to 0.5 mM CdCl2, higher Cd levels were accumulated in cadH‐5 root cell wall, root cytosol, and membranes than those in WT. However, Cd concentrations in root tissues varied in both WT and cadH5. No significant difference of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations was observed between WT and cadH‐5, while contents of cell‐wall polysaccharides and phytochelatins (PCs) in the mutant were higher compared to WT. The ratios of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH : GSSG) and ascorbate to dehydroascorbate (ASC : DHA) were lower in WT than in cadH‐5, while the NADPH : NADP+ ratio was different to the ratios of GSH : GSSG and ASC : DHA; the ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione peroxidase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4) activities were lower in WT compared to cadH‐5. Our results indicate that under long‐term Cd stress, cadH‐5 plants can accumulate more Cd with more PC. Also, the redox status of ASC‐GSH cycle was more inhibited in WT than in cadH‐5 plants, rendering WT less able to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cadH‐5 mutant maintains relatively high ASC, GSH, and NADPH concentrations, ratios of ASC : DHA, GSH : GSSG, and NADPH : NADP+, as well as antioxidative enzymatic activities and PC concentrations. Thus, it is tolerant of relatively high Cd accumulation.
Plasmon lasers: coherent light source at molecular scales
Authors: Ma Ren‐Min , Oulton Rupert F. , Sorger Volker J. , Zhang Xiang 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPlasmon lasers are a new class of coherent optical frequency electromagnetic wave amplifiers that deliver intense, coherent and directional surface plasmons well below the diffraction barrier. The strongly confined electric fields in plasmon lasers can enhance significantly light‐matter interactions and bring fundamentally new capabilities to bio‐sensing, data storage, photolithography and optical communications.
Short Chain Branches Distribution Characterization of Ethylene/1‐Hexene Copolymers by Using TREF + 13C‐NMR and TREF + SC Methods
Authors: Zhang Shiliang , Zhao Ning , Wu Yuxiang , Dong Qi , Wang Quntao , Tang Yan , Yu Yongling , Da Jianwen , He Xuelian , Cheng Ruihua , Liu Boping 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSummary: Short chain branches distribution (SCBD) is the key factor for high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe materials to achieve their excellent performance for long term (50 years) applications. However, the precise SCBD characterization of these HDPE materials with relatively low content of comonomer incorporation still remained as a challenge in this field. In this work, two characterization methods, namely temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) cross step crystallization (SC) (TREF + SC) and TREF cross 13C‐NMR (TREF + 13C‐NMR), have been respectively used to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the SCBD for two HDPE pipe materials (PE‐1 and PE‐2 with different long term performances) with small amount of 1‐hexene incorporation prepared from SiO2‐supported silyl chromate catalyst system (S‐2 catalyst) during UNIPOL gas phase polymerization. The comparison of SCBD between the two samples showed that: although short chain branches of PE‐2 with good performance were less than those of PE‐1 with bad performance, PE‐2 showed less comonomer incorporation on the low crystallinity and low molecular weight (MW) fractions keeping even higher comonomer incorporation on the high crystallinity and high MW parts compared with PE‐1. This difference on the SCBD for PE‐1 and PE‐2 was thought to be the key factor which is responsible for their great difference on environment slow crack resistance (ESCR). Moreover, TREF + SC method further reflected the intra‐ and inter‐molecular heterogeneities of each fraction from the two HDPE samples through the lamella thickness distribution compared with TREF + 13C‐NMR.
Microstructure and properties of polycaprolactone/calcium sulfate particle and whisker composites
Authors: Liu Jinyan , Ren Li , Wei Qiang , Wu J.L. , Liu Sa , Wang Yingjun , Li Guoyuan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPolycaprolactone (PCL)/calcium sulfate (CS) particle and whisker composites were prepared by coprecipitation method and studied by evaluating their microstructure, crystallization, and mechanical properties. Results show that both of the CS whisker and particle dispersed in PCL can reduce the spherulite size of PCL and improve the regularity of the spherulite. The nucleation effect of the CS whisker is stronger than that of the CS particle. Mechanical properties of PCL were obviously improved by both of the particle and whisker addition. The flexural modulus and impact strength of the whisker composites are higher than that of the particle composites, which could be explained by the interfacial debonding mechanism. On the basis of the crystallization and mechanical studies, it is found that the size of spherulites and the concentration of CS particles and whiskers have played an important role in the improvement in mechanical properties of the composite. POLYM. COMPOS. 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Narcissism, psychopathy and Five‐Factor Model in sexual assault perpetration
Authors: Mouilso Emily R. , Calhoun Karen S. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTPerpetration of sexual aggression by college men has been well documented and results in a variety of negative outcomes for victims. Although most theory and research on sexual aggression among college students have focused on the role of attitudes and life experiences, recent research with college men suggests that personality traits play a larger role in perpetration in college samples than was once believed. A large (N = 235) sample of college men self‐reported levels of narcissism, psychopathy, Five‐Factor Model (FFM) and sexual assault perpetration. Both the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders‐II Personality Questionnaire were used to assess narcissism. Men who scored highly on self‐report measures of psychopathic and narcissistic traits and low on self‐report measures of the FFM dimensions of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were more likely to report perpetration and reported more frequent perpetration. All of the aforementioned variables distinguished between perpetrators and non‐perpetrators; however, FFM domains did not explain significant variance after controlling for narcissism and psychopathy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sandwich problems on orientations
Authors: Durand de Gevigney Olivier , Klein Sulamita , Nguyen Viet-Hang , Szigeti Zoltán 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The graph sandwich problem for property Π is defined as follows: Given two graphs G
1=(V,E
1) and G
2=(V,E
2) such that E
1⊆E
2, is there a graph G=(V,E) such that E
1⊆E⊆E
2 which satisfies property Π? We propose to study sandwich problems for properties Π concerning orientations, such as Eulerian orientation of a mixed graph and orientation with given in-degrees of a graph. We present a characterization and a polynomial-time algorithm for solving the m-orientation sandwich problem.
A ratchet trap for Leidenfrost drops
Authors: Cousins Thomas R. , Goldstein Raymond E. , Jaworski Justin W. , Pesci Adriana I. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe Leidenfrost effect occurs when a drop of liquid (or a sublimating solid) is levitated above a sufficiently hot surface through the action of an insulating vapour layer flowing from its bottom surface. When such a drop is levitated above a surface with parallel, asymmetric sawtooth-shaped ridges it is known to be propelled in a unique direction, or ratcheted, by the interaction of the vapour layer with the surface. Here we exploit this effect to construct a ‘ratchet trap’ for Leidenfrost drops: a surface with concentric circular ridges, each asymmetric in cross-section. A combination of experiment and theory is used to study the dynamics of drops in these traps, whose centre is a stable fixed point. Numerical analysis of the evaporating flows over a ratchet surface suggests new insights into the mechanism of motion rectification that are incorporated into the simplest equations of motion for ratchet-driven motion of a Leidenfrost body; these resemble a central force problem in celestial mechanics with mass loss and drag. A phase-plane analysis of experimental trajectories is used to extract more detailed information about the ratcheting phenomenon. Orbiting drops are found to exhibit substantial deformations; those with large internal angular momentum can even undergo binary fission. Such ratchet traps may thus prove useful in the controlled study of many properties of Leidenfrost drops.
Seasonality and farm/non-farm interactions in Western Kenya
Authors: Djurfeldt Agnes Andersson 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThis article considers the distributional consequences of seasonality by analysing the links between non-farm incomes, commercialisation within agriculture, and variations in consumption burdens and expenditures at the household level. The common focus in the literature on non-farm incomes as levellers of seasonality and sources of risk minimisation is complemented by perspectives which consider how seasonality affects and is handled by households depending on their broader livelihood situations. To this perspective is also added a consideration of in-kind transfers and transactions. The article uses a mixed methods approach, drawing on data from two villages in Western Kenya. The lack of non-farm sources of income and the variation over time in consumption burdens aggravate the seasonal aspects of the agricultural production cycle for poorer households. By contrast, the interaction between farm and non-farm sources of income enables wealthier households to profit from seasonality in relation to agricultural markets, while providing the basis for meeting both farm and non-farm expenditures.
High resolution electron beam measurements on the ALPHA-X laser–plasma wakefield accelerator
Authors: WELSH G. H. , WIGGINS S. M. , ISSAC R. C. , BRUNETTI E. , MANAHAN G. G. , ISLAM M. R. , CIPICCIA S. , ANICULAESEI C. , ERSFELD B. , JAROSZYNSKI D. A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe Advanced Laser–Plasma High-Energy Accelerators towards X-rays (ALPHA-X) programme at the University of Strathclyde is developing laser–plasma accelerators for the production of ultra-short high quality electron bunches. Focussing such LWFA bunches into an undulator, for example, requires particular attention to be paid to the emittance, electron bunch duration and energy spread. On the ALPHA-X wakefield accelerator beam line, a high intensity ultra-short pulse from a 30 TW Ti:Sapphire laser is focussed into a helium gas jet to produce femtosecond duration electron bunches in the range of 90–220 MeV. Measurements of the electron energy spectrum, obtained using a high resolution magnetic dipole spectrometer, show electron bunch r.m.s. energy spreads down to 0.5%. A pepper-pot mask is used to obtain transverse emittance measurements of a 128 ± 3 MeV mono-energetic electron beam. An average normalized emittance of ϵrms,x,y = 2.2 ± 0.7, 2.3 ± 0.6 π-mm-mrad is measured, which is comparable to that of a conventional radio-frequency accelerator. The best measured emittance of ϵrms,x, = 1.1 ± 0.1 π-mm-mrad corresponds to the resolution limit of the detection system. 3D particle-in-cell simulations of the ALPHA-X accelerator partially replicate the generation of low emittance, low energy spread bunches with charge less than 4 pC and gas flow simulations indicate both long density ramps and shock formation in the gas jet nozzle.
Individualising care. The transformation of personal support in old age
Authors: FINE MICHAEL D. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper considers developments in long-term care that are increasingly focused around the individual. Recent decades have seen massive changes in the way that care is understood and provided. Yet in Australia, as in Europe, North America and Asia, we are still a long way from a stable state of agreed services and provisions. Emphasising the social theory behind the shift, it is argued that understanding the individualisation of care cannot be reduced to a simple dichotomy of good or bad. Individualised care promises much, but the concept is applied to a wide range of phenomena, often in ways that conceal rather than reveal the character of the transactions involved. For individualisation to become meaningful it must be developed as a condition of recognition that is equally applicable to those who provide and those who depend on care. It is also important to distinguish individualised care finance arrangements from real attainments in the practice of providing care. These distinctions are necessary if we are to distinguish its use as an ideological justification for welfare cutbacks and the restructuring of care provisions as markets from the liberating potential that the approach can present when care practices are more truly based around the recognition of the individuals concerned: those who receive and depend on assistance as well as those who provide it.
BETWEEN LOGIC AND MATHEMATICS: AL-KINDĪ'S APPROACH TO THE ARISTOTELIAN CATEGORIES
Authors: Ighbariah Ahmad 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWhat is the function of logic in al-Kindī's corpus? What kind of relation does it have with mathematics? This article tackles these questions by examining al-Kindī's theory of categories as it was presented in his epistle On the Number of Aristotle's Books (Fī Kammiyyat kutub Arisṭū), from which we can learn about his special attitude towards Aristotle theory of categories and his interpretation, as well. Al-Kindī treats the Categories as a logical book, but in a manner different from that of the classical Aristotelian tradition. He ascribes a special status to the categories Quantity (kammiyya) and Quality (kayfiyya), whereas the rest of the categories are thought to be no more than different combinations of these two categories with the category Substance. The discussion will pay special attention to the function of the categories of Quantity and Quality as mediators between logic and mathematics.