bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organization and Dynamics of the Lipid Components of Biological Membranes
Authors: Thompson T. E. , Sankaram M. B. , Huang C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:The Lipid Bilayer as A Structural and Functional Component of Biological MembranesMolecular Structures of Membrane LipidsGlycerophospholipidsSphingolipidsCholesterolLipid Composition of Some Mammalian Cell MembranesMolecular Organization of Membrane LipidsLamellar PhasesBinary Phospholipid MixturesNonlamellar PhasesPhysical Properties of BilayersExperimental Bilayer SystemsBilayer ThicknessElectrical PropertiesPermeability to Non‐Ionic SolutesMechanical Properties of BilayersLipid Dynamics in Bilayer SystemsIntramolecular MotionsWhole Molecule MotionsBilayer Curvature
Membrane Structure/Proteins
Authors: Tanford Charles , Reynolds Jacqueline A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:EnvironmentWhat do Proteins Look Like? Information Derived from Water‐Soluble ProteinsHierarchy of StructuresSubunit Molecular WeightsConformational FlexibilityStructural FamiliesMembrane ProteinsBacteriorhodopsinPorinPhotosynthetic Reaction CentersLight‐Harvesting ComplexConcluding CommentSpeculative StructuresStructure‐Function Relationship—Minimal RequirementsConformational ChangeTransport Pathway Across the MembraneAbsorption of LightStructure‐Function Relationship—Speculative ModelsVoltage‐Sensitive Ion ChannelsLight‐Driven Proton PumpATP‐Driven Ca2+PumpG‐Protein Coupled ReceptorsAppendix: Methods for Structure DeterminationPrimary StructureMolecular WeightSecondary StructureTertiary and Quaternary StructureX‐ray DiffractionElectron MicroscopyNuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyCompilations of Protein Structures
Osmolytes and Cell‐Volume Regulation: Physiological and Evolutionary Principles
Authors: Somero George N. , Yancey Paul H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:What Makes a Solute an Osmolyte?The Basic Osmoregulatory Response: Conservation Paired with ChangeOsmolyte Taxonomy: Evolutionary Convergence and ConservationThe Discovery of Organic OsmolytesPolyols and SugarsFree Amino Acids and Their DerivativesMethylated Ammonium and Sulfonium CompoundsUrea and Urea with MethylaminesOsmolyte Effects: Perturbation, Stabilization, and CompatibilityChanges in Concentrations of Inorganic Ions Are Generally Perturbing of Biochemical SystemsOrganic Osmolyte Compatibility with Biochemical Functions In VitroOrganic Osmolyte Compatibility with Protein Structure In VitroCompatibility of Organic Osmolytes: In Vivo and Cell Culture StudiesOrganic Osmolyte Effects: Counteracting Solute SystemsCounteracting Solute Effects In VitroUrea Counteraction in Living SystemsSalt Counteraction (Haloprotection)Exceptions to CounteractionRegulation of Osmolyte ConcentrationsInterspecific Similarities in Basic Regulatory StrategiesOsmolyte Regulation in Bacteria and PlantsOsmolyte Regulation in InvertebratesOsmolyte Regulation in Lower VertebratesThe Mammalian KidneyStress Protein Induction in Hyperosmotic StressMechanisms of Solute Effects—and Non‐EffectsThe Hofmeister Series and Organic Osmolyte StructuresPreferential Exclusion of Compatible Osmolytes from the Protein SurfaceSolute Interactions with Ligands in SolutionNonreactivity of Modified Amino Acid OsmolytesMonosaccharide Reactivity with ProteinsFavorable Effects of Compatible Solutes Not Related to OsmoregulationInorganic Ions: Perturbation and CompatibilityEvolutionary PerspectivesMacromolecular vs. “Micromolecular” EvolutionEvolution of Osmolyte Molecules: An Overview of Principles of SelectionSummary: The Adaptive Significance of Osmolyte System Evolution
Cellular Immunology
Authors: Fuchs Ephraim 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:OverviewThe Adaptive Immune System Combats Intracellular and Extracellular PathogensThe Antigen‐Specific Receptors on B and T Lymphocytes Bind Distinct LigandsMHCClass I andIIMolecules Present Antigens toCD8+andCD4+T Cells, RespectivelyThe Clonal Selection Theory of Acquired Immunity Provides a Mechanism for Immunologic Specificity and MemoryLymphocytes Require Two Signals for Activation to Effector FunctionSummaryMembers of the Immunoglobulin SuperfamilyImmunoglobulinsT Cell Receptor Structure, Genes, and the Generation of T Cell Receptor DiversityMajor Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) MoleculesLymphocyte DevelopmentMonoclonal Antibodies and Flow Cytometry Facilitate the Identification of Distinct Lymphocyte SubpopulationsB Cell DevelopmentT Cell DevelopmentPeripheral Lymphoid Organs and Lymphocyte CirculationLymphocyte ActivationAntigen Processing and Presentation: The Generation of Signal 1T Cell Activation8 Cell ActivationT Cell Effector FunctionsCytokine SecretionDelayed‐Type Hypersensitivity (DTH)CytolysisControl of T Cell Effector FunctionsImmunological MemoryB Cells: Somatic Mutation, Affinity Maturation, and MemoryT Cell MemoryImmunological ToleranceImmunological Self/Nonself DiscriminationFuture Directions
Genetic and environmental influences on disordered eating and depressive symptoms
Authors: Slane Jennifer D. , Burt S. Alexandra , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:Research suggests that shared genetic factors underlie relationships between eating disorder and depression diagnoses, but no studies to date have examined these associations using dimensional symptom measures. This study examined whether genetic associations observed between eating disorder and depression diagnoses extend to continuous measures of these phenotypes.Method:The sample consisted of 292 young adult female twins from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Disordered eating was measured using the Minnesota Eating Behavior Survey. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory.Results:Univariate twin models indicated that genetic factors accounted for 55% to 60% of the variance in disordered eating and depressive symptoms, with the remaining variance accounted for by nonshared environmental effects. Bivariate models indicated that genetic factors primarily accounted for associations between disordered eating and depressive symptoms (ra = .70).Discussion:Phenotypic associations between disordered eating and depressive symptoms appear to be due to common genetic factors. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010)
Analysis of polyphenols using capillary zone electrophoresis – Determination of the most effective wine sample pre‐treatment method
Authors: Nicolaou Irene N. , Kapnissi‐Christodoulou Constantina P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA simple CZE method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of eight polyphenolic compounds. The influence of several experimental conditions such as buffer (concentration and pH) and temperature were studied. Optimum separation was achieved in less than 25 min by using a BGE of 50 mM Na2B4O7 and 10 mM Na2HPO4 at pH 9.6, a temperature of 25°C and an applied voltage of 25 kV. Good linearities for all eight analytes were obtained with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. The LODs were between 0.03 and 5.05 μg/mL and the RSD values of the migration times were found to be less than 1%. The optimal separation conditions were then used for the identification and the quantitation of polyphenolic compounds in Cypriot wine samples using six different sample preparation procedures. In particular, two direct injection methods (without any extraction step), three different liquid–liquid extraction procedures and an SPE procedure were examined. These sample pre‐treatment methods were also compared in order to determine the one that is the most effective, in regard to analyte recovery, time, difficulty, and reproducibility. Liquid–liquid extraction using diethyl ether as the organic solvent proved to be the most effective.
Adsorption of disperse blue 2BLN by microwave activated red mud
Authors: Fu Jie , Song Ran , Mao Wen‐Jun , Wang Qing , An Shu‐Qing , Zeng Qing‐Fu , Zhu Hai‐Liang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe ability of red mud (RM) to adsorb disperse blue 2BLN from water was studied and the condition of adsorption process was optimized. The results showed that the microwave activated RM had good adsorption capacity. The adsorption process was in accord with Langmuir isotherm model. The saturated adsorption amount of disperse blue 2BLN by activated RM was ∼45 mg/g. The factors that affected the adsorption process included dosage of RM, temperature, and pH value. The optimal condition was 40°C, pH 3.0, 15 g/L RM and 30 min reaction time, under which the removal percentages of color, chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon reached ∼99%, 64% and 50%, respectively. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Transmission line parameter identification using PMU measurements
Authors: Shi Di , Tylavsky Daniel J. , Koellner Kristian M. , Logic Naim , Wheeler David E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAccurate knowledge of transmission line (TL) impedance parameters helps to improve accuracy in relay settings and power flow modeling. To improve TL parameter estimates, various algorithms have been proposed in the past to identify TL parameters based on measurements from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). These methods are based on the positive sequence TL models and can generate accurate positive sequence impedance parameters for a fully transposed TL when measurement noise is absent; however, these methods may generate erroneous parameters when the TLs are not fully transposed or when measurement noise is present. PMU field‐measure data are often corrupted with noise and this noise is problematic for all parameter identification algorithms, particularly so when applied to short TLs. This paper analyzes the limitations of the positive sequence TL model when used for parameter estimation of TLs that are untransposed and proposes a novel method using linear estimation theory to identify TL parameters more reliably. This method can be used for the most general case: short/long lines that are fully transposed or untransposed and have balanced/unbalance loads. Besides the positive/negative sequence impedance parameters, the proposed method can also be used to estimate the zero sequence parameters and the mutual impedances between different sequences. This paper also examines the influence of noise in the PMU data on the calculation of TL parameters. Several case studies are conducted based on simulated data from ATP to validate the effectiveness of the new method. Through comparison of the results generated by this novel method and several other methods, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase angle‐based power system inter‐area oscillation detection and modal analysis
Authors: Xia Tao , Zhang Yingchen , Chen Lang , Yuan Zhiyong , Markham Penn N. , Ye Yanzhu , Liu Yilu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractElectromechanical oscillations associated with power system stability problems have been a primary concern of system planning, operation and control for decades. With growing loads, the need for long distance power exchange between power companies leads to the frequent occurrence of instability phenomena including oscillations. The growth of synchrophasor measurement‐based Wide‐Area Monitoring System (WAMS) technology in recent years provides the platform for real‐time system dynamic monitoring and analysis which has never before been realised. The North American Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET), as the only WAMS that covers the entire North American power grid, has the capability to realise accurate, high density, continuous monitoring of large interconnected power system dynamics. This paper presents an automatic power system oscillation detection method based on FNET phase angle measurements. In addition, dynamic characteristics obtained from modal analysis of 28 FNET event cases are also introduced. The technique used for modal decomposition and reconstruction is called the Matrix Pencil method, which comes from the pencil‐of‐function approach. This is a very computationally efficient and noise robust signal processing method for dynamic information extraction. Inter‐area oscillations, which are associated with groups of generators, are the only concern in this paper. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multidimensional approach to rarefied and transitional flows with the CIP method
Authors: Yabe Takashi , Ogata Youichi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA high‐order kinetic approach based on the CIP method to solve the nonlinear multidimensional Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook equation is presented. Some applications such as Couette/Poiseulle flows and supersonic flows show that the present method can give accurate and stable solutions for both rarefied and transitional gas flows. A new adaptive Soroban‐grid which is suitable for the CIP method is combined with the present method for supersonic flows to track steep profiles such as shock fronts with higher resolution than fixed grids. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3D Visualisation of PEMFC Electrode Structures Using FIB Nanotomography
Authors: Zils S. , Timpel M. , Arlt T. , Wolz A. , Manke I. , Roth C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIt is well known that the electrode structure of a PEMFC has a huge influence on the water management and thereby on the cell performance. In this work, two MEAs – one prepared by an airbrushing technique and the other by a novel fast spray coating technique (multilayered MEA) – were analysed with respect to porosity, pore size distribution, tortuosity and their electrochemical performance. FIB nanotomography with following 3D reconstruction, SEM investigation on ultramicrotomic thin‐sections, and single cell tests were performed on these MEAs. The results show a higher porosity and lower pore size for the multilayered MEA. The multilayered MEA reaches a Pt utilisation of 1,962 mW mg–1 and a peak power density of 210 mW cm–2, whereas the airbrushed MEA only provides a Pt utilisation of 879 mW mg–1 and a peak power density of 218 mW cm–2. The Pt utilisation calculations showed in combination with the structural characterisations that a homogeneous pore structure and Pt distribution provide an advantage with regard to performance and efficiency of the PEMFC. Furthermore, the multilayered MEA may offer an advantage over the airbrushed MEA in its long term stability, which was observed in preliminary tests.
Personality changes in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review
Authors: Robins Wahlin Tarja‐Brita , Byrne Gerard J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectivePeople with Alzheimer's disease (AD) commonly exhibit changes in personality that sometimes precede the other early clinical manifestations of the condition, such as cognitive impairment and mood changes. Although these personality changes reflect the impact of progressive brain damage, there are several possible patterns of personality change with dementia. Early identification of personality change might assist with the timely diagnosis of AD. The objective of this study was to review studies of personality change in AD.MethodsSystematic searches of the PubMed, Ovid Medline, EBSCOhost, PsychINFO and CINAHL databases were undertaken from inception to November 2009. Published studies of informant‐rated personality traits in AD patients were identified. Studies that mapped changes in traits from the five‐factor model of personality which includes factors for Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, were selected for analysis. The change in each of these five traits was calculated as the mean difference in score before and after the diagnosis of AD.ResultsThere was a mean increase in Neuroticism of 10–20 T scores (equivalent to 1–2 SD), a decrease of the same magnitude in Extraversion, consistently reduced Openness and Agreeableness, and a marked decrease in Conscientiousness of about 20–30 T scores (equivalent to 2–3 SD). These changes were systematic and consistent. Particularly striking was the similarity of both the magnitude and direction of change in all studies reviewed.ConclusionsConscientiousness and Neuroticism are the personality traits that exhibit the most change in dementia. These traits might be useful early markers of dementia. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parents of children with cancer: Which factors explain differences in health‐related quality of life
Authors: Klassen Anne F. , Raina Parminder , McIntosh Cameron , Sung Lillian , Klaassen Robert J. , O'Donnell Maureen , Yanofsky Rochelle , Dix David 
Published: November 2010

AbstractResearch with parents of children with cancer has identified factors related to their adjustment and coping, but it is not fully understood why some parents do well and others do not. Guided by a stress process model, we examined the interrelationships among a comprehensive set of factors to identify the most important determinants of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in parents of children in active treatment for cancer. A cross‐sectional survey of 411 parents (80% response rate) of children receiving cancer treatment in Canada was conducted between November 2004 and February 2007. The following constructs were measured: background and context factors, child characteristics, family‐centered service delivery, caregiver strain, intrapsychic factors, coping/supportive factors and parental HRQoL. The model was evaluated using structural equation modeling. Analysis was stratified by time since diagnosis (i.e., <12 months and ≥12 months). For those within 12 months of their child's diagnosis, family‐centred service provision, caregiver strain, and self‐perception accounted for 58% of the variation in psychosocial health, whereas caregiver strain and social support explained 50% of the variation in physical health. For parents in the >12 month group, caregiving strain was the only factor with a direct relationship with parental psychosocial and physical health, accounting for 66% and 55% of the variance in these constructs, respectively. Our findings reinforce the need for health professionals to be particularly attuned to family caregivers in the early stages of treatment and identify potential areas for interventions to promote parental health.
Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling by everolimus induces senescence in adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma and apoptosis in peripheral T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Darwiche Nadine , Sinjab Ansam , Abou‐Lteif Ghada , Chedid Mirella Bou , Hermine Olivier , Dbaibo Ghassan , Bazarbachi Ali 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHTLV‐I‐associated adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I)‐negative peripheral T‐cell lymphomas carry poor prognosis mainly because of acquired resistance to chemotherapy. We have shown that this disease is responsive to the combination of zidovudine and interferon‐α. However, long‐term maintenance therapy with this combination is associated with side effects affecting patient quality of life and hence more tolerated alternatives are needed. In this submission, we explored the effect of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex‐1 (mTORC1) inhibitor everolimus (RAD001) on ATL and HTLV‐negative malignant T‐cell lines. We demonstrate that, at clinically achievable concentrations, long‐term treatment with everolimus resulted in a dramatic inhibitory effect on the growth of HTLV‐I‐positive and ‐negative malignant T‐cells, while normal resting or activated T‐lymphocytes were resistant. Everolimus specifically induced oncoprotein Tax degradation and senescence in ATL cells and cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HTLV‐I‐negative malignant T‐cells. Everolimus‐mediated apoptosis was also associated with an upregulation of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA‐α) proteins, an increase in Bax proteins and downregulation of Bcl‐xLproteins in all tested HTLV‐I‐positive and ‐negative malignant cell lines. These results support a therapeutic role for everolimus, particularly as long‐term maintenance therapy in patients with ATL and other HTLV‐I‐negative peripheral T‐cell lymphomas.
miR 488* inhibits androgen receptor expression in prostate carcinoma cells
Authors: Sikand Kavleen , Slaibi Jinani E. , Singh Rajesh , Slane Stephen D. , Shukla Girish C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) is a ligand‐dependent transcription factor, which plays a significant role in prostate carcinogenesis. Blockade of AR and its ligand, androgen is the basis for the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). Nevertheless, a modest increase in the critical levels of AR mRNA and corresponding protein is sufficient for the development of resistance to antiandrogen therapy. A strategy to further downregulate AR mRNA and protein expression in combination with antiandrogen therapy may prevent or delay the development of androgen‐independent PCa. Recent studies show that microRNAs (miRNAs) perform tumor suppressor functions in various cancers. In this study, we demonstrate that the overexpression of miR 488* downregulates the transcriptional activity of AR and inhibits the endogenous AR protein production in both androgen‐dependent and androgen‐independent PCa cells. In addition, miR 488* blocks the proliferation and enhances the apoptosis of PCa cells. Our data indicate that miR 488* targets AR and is a potential modulator of AR mediated signaling. Our findings provide insight for utilizing miRNAs as novel therapeutics to target AR in PCa.
Enhancement of recombinant human BMP‐7 bone formation with bmp binding peptide in a rodent femoral defect model
Authors: Liao Jen‐Chung , Tzeng Shiau‐Tzu , Keorochana Gun , Lee Kwang‐Bok , Johnson Jared S. , Morishita Yuichiro , Murray Samuel S. , Wang Jeffrey C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBone morphogenetic binding peptide (BBP) is an 18.5 kDa fragment of a bone matrix protein peptide. A rat femoral defect model was used to test the effect of BBP combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (rhBMP‐7) to induced bone healing. Two doses of BBP (500 and 1000 µg) were tested with two doses of rhBMP‐7 (2 and 5 µg), and the results were compared with a positive control (10 µg rhBMP‐7). Bone healing was evaluated by radiology, manual palpation, microcomputed tomography, and histology. The high dose of 10 µg of rhBMP‐7 resulted in a consistent 100% bone union rate and a mature histological appearance on histology, and was used as a positive control. When 1000 µg of BBP was combined with lower doses of BMP‐7 (2 µg rhBMP‐7 or 5 µg rhBMP‐7) significant differences were seen in radiographic scores, manual palpation, and bone volume, when compared to 2 µg rhBMP‐7 or 5 µg rhBMP‐7 alone. The combination of 1000 µg of BBP and 5 µg rhBMP‐7 also achieved 100% fusion rate, induced a larger amount of bone formation, and yielded similar maturity of bone marrow when compared with the high dosage 10 µg rhBMP‐7 group. This study demonstrated that when combined together, BBP can enhance the bone healing of rhBMP‐7. Improved healing imparted by the addition of BBP may result in lesser amounts of rhBMP‐7 needed to achieve union in the clinical setting. © 2010 OrthopaedicResearchSociety.PublishedbyWileyPeriodicals, Inc.JOrthopRes29:753–759,2011