bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Synoptic Problem: On Matthew’s and Luke’s use of Mark
Authors: Abakuks Andris 
Published: February 2012

SummaryIn New Testament studies, the synoptic problem is concerned with the relationships between the gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke. Assuming Markan priority, we investigate the relationship between the words in Mark that are retained unchanged by Matthew and those that are retained unchanged by Luke. This is done by mapping the sequence of words in Mark into binary time series that represent the retention or non-retention of the individual words, and then carrying out a variety of logistic regression analyses.
Anger management interventions for adults with learning disabilities living in the community: a review of recent (2000–2010) evidence
Authors: Borsay Clare 
Published: February 2012

Accessible summary

One in four adults with learning disabilities living in the community find it hard to manage their anger.

This can make life hard for adults with learning disabilities and the people who support them.

This study looks at research on helping adults with learning disabilities to manage their anger.

More research needs to be carried out to find better ways of helping adults with learning disabilities to manage their anger.

SummaryEstimates suggest that around a quarter of adults with learning disabilities living in the community have difficulties controlling their anger. Angry or aggressive behaviour can have serious repercussions, including loss of residential or day placements, admission to hospital and reduced quality of life. In addition, the psychological well being of both paid and family carers can be adversely affected. A previous review of this area (Whitaker 2001) suggested equivocal results for cognitive‐behavioural (CBT) approaches. The current study provides an update to this review, considering papers published in the last 10 years and expanding its scope to include a variety of therapeutic interventions. A systematic search of peer‐reviewed journals identified 14 relevant documents, the majority of which were group‐based and CBT in their approach. Overall, methodological weaknesses made it difficult to draw any firm conclusions about the effectiveness of the different approaches. Implications for clinical and research practice are discussed.
‘Eye Know’: translating needs from annual health checks for people with learning disabilities to demand
Authors: Codling Mary 
Published: February 2012

Accessible summary

When we evaluated our annual health checks, we found that many people with learning disabilities were not having their eyes checked.

We wanted to find out why people with learning disabilities were not having their eyes tested.

We worked with people with learning disabilities, their carers, families and optometrists to make eye checks more accessible for people with learning disabilities.

The importance of this pilot study lies in the outcome, which shows that people with learning disabilities are now going to the optometrist and are having their eyes tested.

SummaryAnnual health checks for people with learning disabilities are a concept that was introduced by the Government in 2001 as a catalyst to improve access to health services and identify health needs that have previously gone undetected. Nonetheless, to date, there has been little evidence of the effectiveness of these health checks. This study seeks to implore and share the findings from audits conducted on annual health checks in one geographical area that led us to translate consistent identified eye care needs and hence promoted the conception of a pilot study. The aim of this study was to understand the reasons why people with learning disabilities were not accessing optometrist and to amend current services with a view to increasing access and uptake of eye tests. The outcome has shown that access by people with learning disabilities to opticians has increased with a number of people having problems identified and glasses prescribed. This study provides an understanding of how evidence of consistent unmet need identified from annual health checks directed innovative practice to improve outcomes that are of benefit to people with learning disabilities. Annual health checks play a crucial role for people with learning disabilities and can provide the foundation for services to further explore why some health needs continue to go unmet.
Classification of episiotomy: towards a standardisation of terminology
Authors: Kalis V , Laine K , de Leeuw JW , Ismail KM , Tincello DG 
Published: February 2012

Please cite this paper as: Kalis V, Laine K, de Leeuw J, Ismail K, Tincello D. Classification of episiotomy: towards a standardisation of terminology. BJOG 2012;119:522–526.Seven episiotomy incisions are described in the literature, although only midline, mediolateral or lateral episiotomies are commonly used. Recent research has demonstrated variations in both site and direction of the incision, and differences between the angle of incision at the time of crowning of the fetal head and the angle of the scar once the wound has been repaired. We review this evidence and suggest that this variation may undermine the reliability of much published work. We suggest a standardised definition of each type of episiotomy to establish uniformity going forward, so that future studies are amenable to comparison and meta‐analysis.
The impact of maternal body mass index on the phenotype of pre‐eclampsia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Anderson NH , McCowan LME , Fyfe EM , Chan EHY , Taylor RS , Stewart AW , Dekker GA , North RA ,   on behalf of the SCOPE Consortium
Published: February 2012

Please cite this paper as: Anderson N, McCowan L, Fyfe E, Chan E, Taylor R, Stewart A, Dekker G, North R, on behalf of the SCOPE Consortium. The impact of maternal body mass index on the phenotype of pre‐eclampsia: a prospective cohort study. BJOG 2012;119:589–595.Objective  We hypothesised that among nulliparous women with pre‐eclampsia, overweight or obese women would have a different phenotype of pre‐eclampsia compared with normal weight women with pre‐eclampsia. Specifically, they are more likely to develop term pre‐eclampsia and less likely to have indicators of impaired placental perfusion, e.g. abnormal uterine artery Doppler or a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infant.Design  Prospective, multicentre, cohort SCOPE study (n = 3170).Setting  New Zealand and Australia.Population Nulliparous women who developed pre‐eclampsia.Methods  Participants were interviewed at 14–16 weeks of gestation, uterine artery Doppler studies were performed at 19–21 weeks and pregnancy outcome was tracked prospectively.Main outcome measures  Rates of abnormal uterine artery Doppler indices, term/preterm birth and SGA infants were compared between normal, overweight and obese women with pre‐eclampsia. Multivariable analysis was performed to examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and term pre‐eclampsia.Results  Of 178 women with pre‐eclampsia, one underweight woman was excluded and 66 (37%) were normal weight, 52 (29%) were overweight and 59 (34%) were obese. Pre‐eclampsia developed preterm in 26% of women and at term in 74% of women. There were no differences in the rates of term/preterm pre‐eclampsia, abnormal uterine artery Doppler indices or SGA infants between BMI groups (P > 0.10). No independent association between BMI and term pre‐eclampsia was found (P = 0.56).Conclusions  Among women with pre‐eclampsia, those who are overweight or obese in early pregnancy are not more likely to have term pre‐eclampsia compared with women with a normal BMI. Overweight and obese women require vigilant surveillance for the development of preterm as well as term pre‐eclampsia.
Agreement between colposcopic impression and histological diagnosis among human papillomavirus type 16‐positive women: a clinical trial using dynamic spectral imaging colposcopy
Authors: Zaal A , Louwers JA , Berkhof J , Kocken M , ter Harmsel WA , Graziosi GCM , Spruijt JWM , Balas C , Papagiannakis E , Snijders PJF , Meijer CJLM , van Kemenade FJ , Verheijen RHM 
Published: February 2012

Please cite this paper as: Zaal A, Louwers J, Berkhof J, Kocken M, ter Harmsel W, Graziosi G, Spruijt J, Balas C, Papagiannakis E, Snijders P, Meijer C, van Kemenade F, Verheijen R. Agreement between colposcopic impression and histological diagnosis among human papillomavirus type 16‐positive women: a clinical trial using dynamic spectral imaging colposcopy. BJOG 2012;119:537–544.Objective  To investigate the agreement between conventional colposcopic impression, dynamic spectral imaging (DSI) colposcopy and histology, for human papillomavirus type 16‐positive (HPV16+) and non‐16 high‐risk (hr) HPV+ women.Design  Prospective, comparative, multicentre clinical trial.Setting  Three colposcopy clinics in the Netherlands.Population  Women (n = 177) aged 18 years or over with an intact cervix, referred for colposcopy.Methods  The colposcopist graded the lesion by using the DSI colposcope as a regular video colposcope. Subsequently the DSI impression was displayed and biopsies were taken from all abnormal areas as well as from a random (normal) site. A cervical smear was taken for HPV typing.Main outcome measures  Histologically confirmed high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer (CIN2+), positive for HPV16 or for any other hrHPV type.Results  The DSI colposcope identified more CIN2+ cervical lesions among HPV16+ women than in non‐16 hrHPV+ women (P = 0.032 regardless of final histology and P = 0.009 among women with CIN2+). Consequently, the sensitivity of the DSI colposcope for detecting CIN2+ lesions was higher in HPV16+ women than in non‐16 hrHPV+ women (97% versus 74%, P = 0.009). No such differences were seen for the colposcopist impression. In addition, mainly smaller cervical lesions are missed by the colposcopist.Conclusions  The sensitivity of DSI colposcopy for CIN2+ is higher in HPV16+ than in non‐16 hrHPV+ women. Furthermore, regardless of HPV16 status, the sensitivity of DSI for CIN2+ is higher than that of the colposcopist, probably because colposcopists tend to miss smaller cervical lesions.
A G‐Rich element forms a G‐quadruplex and regulates BACE1 mRNA alternative splicing
Authors: Fisette Jean‐François , Montagna Daniel R. , Mihailescu Mihaela‐Rita , Wolfe Michael S. 
Published: February 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 763–773.Abstractβ‐Site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the transmembrane aspartyl protease that catalyzes the first cleavage step in the proteolysis of the APP to the amyloid β‐protein (Aβ), a process involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. BACE1 pre‐mRNA undergoes complex alternative splicing, the regulation of which is not well understood. We identified a G‐rich sequence within exon 3 of BACE1 involved in controlling splice site selection. Mutation of the G‐rich sequence decreased use of the normal 5′ splice site of exon 3, which leads to full‐length and proteolytically active BACE1, and increased use of an alternative splice site, which leads to a shorter, essentially inactive isoform. Nuclease protection assays, nuclear magnetic resonance, and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that this sequence folds into a G‐quadruplex structure. Several proteins were identified as capable of binding to the G‐rich sequence, and one of these, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H, was found to regulate BACE1 exon 3 alternative splicing and in a manner dependent on the G‐rich sequence. Knockdown of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H led to a decrease in the full‐length BACE1 mRNA isoform as well as a decrease in Aβ production from APP, suggesting new possibilities for therapeutic approaches to Alzheimer’s disease.
Resistance to trophic neurite outgrowth of sensory neurons exposed to insulin
Authors: Singh Bhagat , Xu Yongqin , McLaughlin Todd , Singh Vandana , Martinez Jose A. , Krishnan Anand , Zochodne Douglas W. 
Published: February 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 263–276.AbstractInsulin offers trophic support through receptors expressed widely on peripheral neurons. In this work, we studied whether peripheral sensory neurons demonstrate resistance to its trophic properties, a property relevant during type 2 diabetes mellitus or following supraphysiological therapy. Insulin receptors were not only localized to neuronal membranes and cytoplasm but also had a unique, previously unrecognized localization to neuronal nuclei. We confirmed that nanomolar doses increased neurite outgrowth of adult sensory neurons, but in response to micromolar doses of insulin, even following a brief 2‐h exposure, survival and outgrowth of neurites were blunted. Neurons exposed to picomolar insulin concentrations in their media for 5 days had resistance to the impact of later nanomolar doses of insulin. Using a stripe assay seeded with insulin, neurites were more likely to reject higher doses of insulin. Insulin down‐regulated mRNAs of the insulin receptor β subunit and up‐regulated levels of GSK‐3β, both potential mechanisms of insulin resistance, while down‐regulating the protein expression of pAkt and pGSK‐3β. Overall, these studies identify neuronal nuclear targeting of insulin and evidence for insulin‐induced resistance to its trophic properties. The findings have implications for the understanding of the actions of insulin in the treatment of diabetes and neurological disorders.
Blood metabolite data in response to maximal exercise in healthy subjects
Authors: Mouadil Amèle , Debout Claire , Read Marie‐Hélène , Morello Rémy , Allouche Stéphane , Chapon Françoise 
Published: February 2012

SummaryMaximal exercise test with gas exchange measurement evaluates exercise capacities with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) measurement. Measurements of lactate (L), lactate/pyruvate ratio (L/P) and ammonium (A) during rest, exercise and recovery enhance interpretative power of maximal exercise by incorporating muscular metabolism exploration. Maximal exercise test with gas exchange measurement is standardized in cardiopulmonary evaluations but, no reference data of blood muscular metabolites are available to evaluate the muscular metabolism. We determined normal values of L, L/P and A during a standardized maximal exercise and recovery in 48 healthy sedentary volunteers and compared with results obtained in four patients with exercise intolerance and a mitochondrial disease. In healthy subjects, L, L/P and A rose during exercise. In 98% of them L, L/P or A decreased between the fifth and the fifteenth minutes of recovery. In mitochondrial patients, VO2max was normal or low, and L, L/P and A had the same evolution as normal subjects or showed no decrease during recovery. We gave normal L, L/P and A values, which establish references for a maximal exercise test with muscular metabolism exploration. This test is helpful for clinicians in functional evaluation, management and treatment of metabolic myopathy and would be a useful tool in diagnosis of metabolic myopathy.
Platelet signaling–A primer
Authors: Goggs Robert , Poole Alastair W. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo review the receptors and signal transduction pathways involved in platelet plug formation and to highlight links between platelets, leukocytes, endothelium, and the coagulation system.Data SourcesOriginal studies, review articles, and book chapters in the human and veterinary medical fields.Data SynthesisPlatelets express numerous surface receptors. Critical among these are glycoproteinVI, the glycoproteinIb‐IX‐Vcomplex, integrin αIIbβ3, and theG‐protein‐coupled receptors for thrombin,ADP, and thromboxane. Activation of these receptors leads to various important functional events, in particular activation of the principal adhesion receptor αIIbβ3. Integrin activation allows binding of ligands such as fibrinogen, mediating platelet‐platelet interaction in the process of aggregation. Signals activated by these receptors also couple to 3 other important functional events, secretion of granule contents, change in cell shape through cytoskeletal rearrangement, and procoagulant membrane expression. These processes generate a stable thrombus to limit blood loss and promote restoration of endothelial integrity.ConclusionsImprovements in our understanding of how platelets operate through their signaling networks are critical for diagnosis of unusual primary hemostatic disorders and for rational antithrombotic drug design.
Do Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) males gain in mating competitiveness from being courted by other males while still young?
Authors: BENELLI Giovanni , CANALE Angelo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe role of male–male courtship in parasitic wasps is not well understood and nothing has been reported on the implication of learning in regard to homosexual behavior in hymenopteran parasitoids. In Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a synovigenic koinobiont larval–pupal endoparasitoid of many Diptera Tephritidae of economic importance, courtship and mating attempts are frequently displayed among males. Here we determine whether P. concolor males that are courted while still young by sexually mature males can compete better with other males when they court females. The results showed that P. concolor immature males do not appear to gain from receiving male courtship, but they develop a higher intensity (more wing fanning and shorter latency time) in the successive courtship of the females. The hypothesis that, under some conditions, such higher courtship intensities may increase the probability of gaining a mating advantage is discussed.
Selective release of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors by minced skin in vitro supports the effectiveness of autologous minced micrografts technique for chronic ulcer repair
Authors: Pertusi Ginevra , Tiberio Rossana , Graziola Francesca , Boggio Paolo , Colombo Enrico , Bozzo Chiarella 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA new effective surgical procedure to repair chronic ulcers called minced micrografts technique has been recently reported. The technique consists in spreading a finely minced skin sample upon the wound bed. In this study, we investigate the in vitro release of cytokines (interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1α, and granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor), chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and growth‐related oncogene‐α), and growth factors (platelet‐derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and nerve growth factor) by minced (referred to as the minced sample) vs. not minced (referred to as the whole sample) human skin biopsy samples from the same donor. Factor release in the culture medium at different time points was detected using a multiplexed protein assay. The minced sample, which could behave like the skin fragments used in vivo in the autologous minced micrografts technique, expressed higher levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1α, platelet‐derived growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor, and lower levels of interleukin‐6, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, growth related oncogene‐α, and vascular endothelial growth factor compared with the whole sample. In conclusion, mincing of healthy skin may allow appropriate regulation of the inflammatory phase of wound healing and could induce overexpression of some growth factors, which facilitates the proliferative phase of healing.
Adherence with Migraine Prophylaxis in Clinical Practice
Authors: Berger Ariel , Bloudek Lisa M. , Varon Sepideh F. , Oster Gerry 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:  To characterize adherence with antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs, and beta blockers as prophylaxis against migraine in typical clinical practice.Methods:  Using a large US health insurance claims database (calendar years 2003 to 2005), we identified all patients with migraine who began prophylaxis with selected antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs, or beta blockers (“study agents”). Patients not continuously enrolled for 6 months prior to start of prophylaxis (“pretreatment”) and for 6 months subsequently (“follow‐up”) were excluded. Treatment cohorts were constituted based on the type of prophylaxis received. Adherence with migraine prophylaxis was examined by type of agent received using medication possession ratios (MPRs), defined as total days with medication divided by total follow‐up days. MPR < 0.80 was considered indicative of nonadherence.Results:  A total of 4,634 patients met all entry criteria and received antidepressants (n = 1,803), antiepileptics (n = 1,896), or beta blockers (n = 935) on their index date. Over the next 6 months, the mean (SD) number of prescriptions for study agents was 2.7 (1.9) for antidepressants, 2.9 (2.0) for antiepileptics, and 2.8 (2.0) for beta blockers, totaling 91.0 (71.4), 98.7 (75.6), and 96.7 (73.0) therapy‐days, respectively. Mean MPR at 6 months was 0.48 for antidepressants, 0.51 for antiepileptics, and 0.51 for beta blockers. By the end of the follow‐up, 73.4%, 70.2%, and 67.6% of patients who initiated migraine prophylaxis with antidepressants, antiepileptics, and beta blockers, respectively, were designated nonadherent (ie, MPR < 0.80).Conclusion:  Our findings suggest that many patients who begin migraine prophylaxis with antidepressants, antiepileptics, or beta blockers are no longer taking these medications at 6 months.
What Has—and Has Not—Been Learned about Monetary Policy in a Low‐Inflation Environment? A Review of the 2000s
Authors: CLARIDA RICHARD H. 
Published: February 2012

As the world economy recovers from the worst financial crisis and most severe global slump in 75 years, policymakers, regulators, and academics are focusing intensely and appropriately on lessons to be learned for monetary policy. There are certainly many questions to answer. Among the most important are:Are inflation expectations “well anchored”?What, if any, influence should asset quantities and prices have on monetary policy?Do we have sufficient confidence in our alternative monetary policy tools to stabilize the economy at the zero lower bound?
Late Gadolinium Enhancement CMR in Patients with Tachycardia‐Induced Cardiomyopathy Caused by Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: HASDEMIR CAN , YUKSEL ALPER , CAMLI DILSAT , KARTAL YILDIRIM , SIMSEK EVRIM , MUSAYEV OKTAY , ISAYEV ELNUR , AYDIN MEHMET , CAN LEVENT H. 
Published: February 2012

Background:
Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias in the form of monomorphic premature ventricular contractions (PVC) and/or ventricular tachycardia (VT) can cause tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy (TICMP). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in patients with TICMP caused by idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias.
Methods:
The study population consisted of 298 consecutive patients (174 F/124 M; mean age 45 ± 17 years) with frequent PVCs and/or VT. TICMP was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤50% in the absence of any detectable underlying heart disease and improvement of LVEF ≥15% after effective treatment of index ventricular arrhythmia.
Results:
Twenty‐seven (9.1%) patients found to have LVEF ≤50% and diagnosed as presumptive TICMP. Improvement in LVEF after effective treatment of index ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 22 of 27 patients (TICMP group; mean PVC burden of 30.8 ± 9.9%). LVEF did not improve in five of 27 patients (primary cardiomyopathy group; mean PVC burden of 28.8 ± 10.1%). LGE‐cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was performed in 19 of 22 patients with TICMP and one patient (5%) had LGE. All five patients with primary cardiomyopathy underwent LGE‐CMR imaging and four patients (80%) had LGE.
Conclusions:
LGE is a rare finding in patients with TICMP caused by idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. LGE‐CMR can be used in the diagnostic work‐up of patients with TICMP. Further prospective studies are required to determine the role of LGE‐CMR in predicting the recovery of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with presumptive TICMP. PACE 2012; 35:465–470)