bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining Genetic Proxies of Drug Targets and Time-to-event analyses From Longitudinal Observational Data To Identify Target Patient Populations
Authors: Zhang Luke , Kulkarni Prachi , Farshidfar Farshad , Tingley Whit , Hoey Tim , Wang Whedy , Priest James R. , Figarska Sylwia M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHuman genetics is an important tool for identifying genes as potential drug targets, and the extensive genetic study of cardiovascular disease provides an opportunity to leverage genetics to match specific patient populations to specific drug targets to improve prioritization of patient selection for clinical studies.MethodsWe selected well described genetic variants in the region ofPCSK9(rs11591147 and rs562556),ADRB1(rs7076938),ACE(rs4968782 and rs4363) andBAG3(rs2234962) for use as proxies for the effects of drugs. Time-to-event analyses were utilized to evaluate their effects on atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) death and/or re-hospitalization using real-world longitudinal dataset. To mitigate the effect of confounding factors for cardiovascular (CV) outcomes, we employed propensity score matching.ResultsAfter matching, a genetic proxy for PCSK9 inhibition (rs11591147) improved survival from CV death/heart transplant in individuals following a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.78,P=0.04). A genetic proxy for beta-blockade (rs7076938) improved freedom from rehospitalization or death in individuals with AF (HR 0.92,P=0.001), and a genetic proxy of ACE inhibition (rs7076938) improved freedom from death or rehospitalization for HF (HR 0.84,P=0.017) and AF (HR 0.85,P=0.0014). A protective variant in BAG3 (rs2234962) showed decreased risk of HF rehospitalization or CV death/heart transplant composite outcome within 10 years in HF patients (HR=0.96,P=0.033). Notably, despite smaller cohort sizes after matching, we often observed numerically smaller HRs and reduced P, indicating more pronounced effects and increased statistical association. However, not all genetic proxies replicated known treatment effects.ConclusionsGenetic proxies for well-known drugs corroborate findings from clinical trials in cardiovascular disease. Our results may demonstrate a novel analytical approach that leverages genetic evidence from a large cohort to effectively select patient populations where specific drug targets may be most effective.
Hard X-ray operation of X-ray gas monitors at the European XFEL
Authors: Maltezopoulos Theophilos , Brinker Frank , Dietrich Florian , Freund Wolfgang , Grünert Jan , Jastrow Ulf Fini , Kujala Naresh , Laksman Joakim , Liu Jia , Tiedtke Kai , Tschentscher Thomas 
Published: June 2024

X-ray gas monitors (XGMs) are operated at the European XFEL for non-invasive single-shot pulse energy measurements and average beam-position monitoring. The underlying measurement principle is the photo-ionization of rare gas atoms at low gas pressures and the detection of the photo-ions and photo-electrons created. These are essential for tuning and sustaining self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) operation, machine radiation safety, and sorting single-shot experimental data according to pulse energy. In this paper, the first results from XGM operation at photon energies up to 30 keV are presented, which are far beyond the original specification of this device. Here, the Huge Aperture MultiPlier (HAMP) is used for single-shot pulse energy measurements since the standard X-ray gas monitor detectors (XGMDs) do not provide a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio, even at the highest operating gas pressures. A single-shot correlation coefficient of 0.98 is measured between consecutive XGMs operated with HAMP, which is as good as measuring with the standard XGMD detectors. An intra-train non-linearity of the HAMP signal is discovered, and operation parameters to mitigate this effect are studied. The upper repetition rate limit of HAMP operation at 2.25 MHz is also determined. Finally, the possibilities and limits for future XGM operation at photon energies up to 50 keV are discussed.
Self-calibration strategies for reducing systematic slope measurement errors of autocollimators in deflectometric profilometry
Authors: Geckeler Ralf D. , Just Andreas , Krause Michael , Schnabel Olaf , Lacey Ian , English Damon , Yashchuk Valeriy V. 
Published: June 2024

Deflectometric profilometers are used to precisely measure the form of beam shaping optics of synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers. They often utilize autocollimators which measure slope by evaluating the displacement of a reticle image on a detector. Based on our privileged access to the raw image data of an autocollimator, novel strategies to reduce the systematic measurement errors by using a set of overlapping images of the reticle obtained at different positions on the detector are discussed. It is demonstrated that imaging properties such as, for example, geometrical distortions and vignetting, can be extracted from this redundant set of images without recourse to external calibration facilities. This approach is based on the fact that the properties of the reticle itself do not change – all changes in the reticle image are due to the imaging process. Firstly, by combining interpolation and correlation, it is possible to determine the shift of a reticle image relative to a reference image with minimal error propagation. Secondly, the intensity of the reticle image is analysed as a function of its position on the CCD and a vignetting correction is calculated. Thirdly, the size of the reticle image is analysed as a function of its position and an imaging distortion correction is derived. It is demonstrated that, for different measurement ranges and aperture diameters of the autocollimator, reductions in the systematic errors of up to a factor of four to five can be achieved without recourse to external measurements.
Career challenges of international female faculty in US universities: from a linguistic profiling perspective
Authors: Park Sunyoung , Jeong Shinhee 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to review how international female faculty experience linguistic challenges and bias in their US university careers.Design/methodology/approachBy reviewing related literature, the authors explore the career challenges of international female faculty including hiring, promotion and tenure and leadership opportunities from a linguistic profiling perspective.FindingsInternational female faculty have relatively few hiring opportunities, specifically when institutions and fields openly accept linguistic profiling and bias and are less likely to hire non-native English-speaking international faculty. In the promotion and tenure process, international female faculty have struggled with standard academic English criteria and poor teaching evaluations from students because of the faculty’s different English usage such as word choice, grammar and pragmatics. In terms of leadership opportunities, international female professors have faced linguistic bias that non-native English faculty members are not competent, credible, intelligent or skilled because they speak accented English.Originality/valueThis study can help researchers and career development practitioners by adding linguistic profiling specific diversity and inclusion perspectives to existing literature. The findings expand the perspectives and practices related to the career challenges of international female faculty due to linguistic profiling.
A case study on the effectiveness of cocurricular interdisciplinary sustainability programming for graduate students to create sustainability leaders
Authors: Woo E. , Wooldridge Margaret , LaPorte Elizabeth Ann 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sustainability-focused, cocurricular, interdisciplinary programming for graduate students at creating future leaders in sustainability, i.e. did interdisciplinary sustainability programming further prepared graduate students in sustainability leadership beyond the scope of the individual student academic programs from the perspective of the student participants.

Design/methodology/approach
The objective of the study was met by evaluating the University of Michigan Dow Sustainability Fellows Program. With a decade of graduate-student participation, surveys and interviews of Fellows alumni from 2013 to 2020 were used to assess the program impact on creating sustainability leaders. Opportunities for program reflections were included through prompted open-ended questions.

Findings
A majority (88%) of the Fellows who responded to the survey agreed with the statement that their career path was positively affected by their participation in the program and that the cocurricular program provided opportunities to explore sustainability-related topics from perspectives they would not have experienced otherwise. The interdisciplinary aspect of the program and the focus on practical community sustainability projects were the most valued attributes of the cocurricular programming.

Research limitations/implications
Supporting cocurricular interdisciplinary programs requires significant resources and intentionality to engage diverse disciplines and diverse partner organizations.

Practical implications
Programs that provide experiential opportunities to build interdisciplinary team skills successfully enable graduate students to become leaders in sustainability fields in the workplace and in outreach and service.

Social implications
Cocurricular graduate student programming focused on community sustainability projects can successfully create valued learning experiences while simultaneously supporting communities with practical solutions to sustainability challenges.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first longitudinal assessment of the effectiveness of the interdisciplinary cocurricular programming on graduate student sustainability leadership outcomes. The results include feedback received from eight years of cocurricular programming.
Information seeking and communication model (ISCM): application and extension
Authors: Baggs Emily , O'Neal Kaitlyn , Robson Andrew , Robinson Lyn 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThe paper reports on developments in the Information Seeking and Communication Model (ISCM) since it was first presented in 2013, focussing on how the model, derived by explicitly drawing on previous models, frameworks, and concepts, has been applied, adapted and extended. This paper summarises the reception of the ISCM, and describes two new applications in different contexts.Design/methodology/approachA literature review details applications of, comments on and critiques of, the ISCM since its introduction. Two exploratory studies of health information seeking behaviour show the application of the ISCM in novel contexts.FindingsThe literature cited here, and the two studies outlined show the applicability and extendibility of the ISCM, as well as its value in helping to capture the holistic context of information seeking, the interplay between providers and seekers of information, including fluidity of provider/seeker roles, and emotional dimensions of information seeking and use.Originality/valueThe paper responds to the call by Case and Given (2016) for further empirical testing of the ISCM and similar conceptual models. It shows the range of applicability of this model, and models drawn from it, and makes recommendations for further development.
Organizational socialization strategies of interns transitioning to telecommuting work in uncertain times
Authors: Chue Shien , Säljö Roger , Pang Priscilla , Lee Yew-Jin 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The study aims to examine how organizational socialization occurs for interns transitioning from onsite to telecommuting work, particularly in a context where traditional supports have been reduced due to the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing from interviews (n = 22) of undergraduates interning at advertorial and marketing firms, the study conducted a thematic analysis of workplace learning experiences of undergraduate interns─newcomers at the workplace when disruption of traditional ways of performing work activities occurred. In particular, the enforced telecommuting work-from-home arrangements due to the pandemic provided a unique setting for this study of internship learning in changing contexts. The analyses reveal differences in undergraduate interns’ experiences of organizational socialization when they were at the physical workplace as compared to when they had to work remotely.

Findings
Interns reported benefitting from structured onboarding, supportive peer systems, and regular face-to-face meetings with supervisors, which facilitated their socialization and understanding of workplace culture before the pandemic. However, as telecommuting became the norm during the pandemic, these experiences shifted. Interns adapted by engaging in digital interactions to mirror office dynamics, extending work hours due to blurred work-life boundaries, and independently seeking information in the absence of direct guidance. When adapting to digital communication and independent learning, interns faced challenges like longer working hours and reduced spontaneous interactions, indicating a preference for the traditional, in-person socialization methods of the pre-pandemic workplace.

Originality/value
This study provides insight into interns’ experiences during the global shift to hybrid work as a result of the pandemic, contributing fresh insights into organizational socialization processes amidst workplace disruptions. The conclusions offer valuable implications for future adaptive onboarding practices in educational and professional settings.
Examining community policing policy implementation and racial disparities in officer-involved lethal encounters
Authors: Rhee Yong-Chan , Menifield Charles E. 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThe goal of this study is to examine how community policing policies (CPP) can be effective in addressing racial disparities in police killings in the United States.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized multi-level mixed modeling techniques.FindingsThe study finds that CPP training for in-service officers is effective when the police chief is black, in contrast to the presence of written CPP statements and CPP training for newly recruited officers. This article concludes that the effectiveness of policy implementation is dependent upon policing leaders who manage policy implementation.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited in that it only includes data from people who were killed by police. In addition, it was extremely difficult to collect data on the race of the officer. Hence, it reduced the number of viable cases that we could include in the analysis.Practical implicationsThe most significant practical limitation to our research is the ability to generalize to police departments within a city and between cities. In some cases, police killings were confined to one or two areas in a city.Social implicationsDisproportionality in police killings is important in every country where certain groups are overrepresented in the number of police killings. This is particularly true today, where we see groups like Black Lives Matter highlighting higher levels of lethal force in minority neighborhoods.Originality/valueUsing representative bureaucracy theory, this research shows leaders select and emphasize specific goals among a set of organizational goals, seek to build trust rather than fight crimes and support goals to improve policy outcomes, which fills a theoretical gap in the theory.
Affective dimensions of academic librarians’ experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic: experiences and lessons learned for information literacy
Authors: Bury Sophie 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThis article explores the affective dimensions of academic librarians’ experiences during the forced pivot to emergency remote teaching because of the Covid-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThrough semi-structured interviews with librarians at 18 university libraries in Ontario, Canada, the researcher prompted study participants to reflect on how their work and that of other librarians in their organization changed during the period of focus, including the main challenges and opportunities experienced for information literacy instruction.FindingsThis study finds evidence of stress and anxiety among academic librarians teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic, including lack of confidence and skills with eLearning and work-life balance challenges. At the same time, the data show strengths and successes fueled by resilience, collaboration and a growing culture of care, which in many cases, resulted in strong expressions of pride by interviewees on what was achieved during this global health crisis.Originality/valueThis study is one of few adopting a qualitative research methodology to explore the affective dimensions of academic librarians’ experience of information literacy instruction during the Covid-19 pandemic. Its implications are instructive for future pedagogical approaches and workplace culture among information literacy teams, including communication, collaboration, flexibility and leadership support.
STATE‐LED GENTRIFICATION AGAINST THE BACKDROP OF URBAN AUTHORITARIAN PRACTICES
Authors: Can Aysegul , Jenss Alke , Fanton Hugo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis collection of interventions unites academics hailing from Latin America, the Middle East, Europe and the United States, reintroducing discussions on authoritarian state tactics and coercion into urban renewal dialogues within urban studies. During our discussions, it became apparent that urban authoritarian tactics are crucial in contemporary state‐led gentrification efforts. In this introduction to the series, we aim to merge research on authoritarian measures within neoliberalism with the literature concerning urban transformation and gentrification. By doing so, we bring urban studies into wider discussions regarding the overarching trend of authoritarianism on a global scale within sociology, political economy and international studies.
Abrogating K458 acetylation enhances hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α)‐induced differentiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Fang , Peng Yu , Qian Hui , Xiao Meng Chao , Ding Chen Hong , Zhang Xin , Xie Wei Fen 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesIn this study we aimed to assess the impact of acetylation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) on lysine 458 on the differentiation therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsPeriodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) staining, Dil‐acetylated low‐density lipoprotein (Dil‐Ac‐LDL) uptake, and senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) activity analysis were performed to assess the differentiation of HCC cells. HNF4α protein was detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effects of HNF4α‐K458 acetylation on HCC malignancy were evaluated in HCC cell lines, a Huh‐7 xenograft mouse model, and an orthotopic model. The differential expression genes in Huh‐7 xenograft tumors were screened by RNA‐sequencing analysis.ResultsK458R significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of HNF4α on the malignancy of HCC cells, whereas K458Q reduced the inhibitory effects of HNF4α. Moreover, K458R promoted, while K458Q decreased, HNF4α‐induced HCC cell differentiation. K458R stabilized HNF4α, while K458Q accelerated the degradation of HNF4α via the ubiquitin proteasome system. K458R also enhanced the ability of HNF4α to inhibit cell growth of HCC in the Huh‐7 xenograft mouse model and the orthotopic model. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that inhibiting K458 acetylation enhanced the transcriptional activity of HNF4α without altering the transcriptome induced by HNF4α in HCC.ConclusionOur data revealed that inhibiting K458 acetylation of HNF4α might provide a more promising candidate for differential therapy of HCC.
Neurofunctional changes related to methamphetamine and sexual cues in methamphetamine dependence from short‐ to long‐term abstinence
Authors: Yan Cui , Yang Wenhan , Luo Jing , Tang Fei , Liu Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsAbuse of methamphetamine has aroused concern worldwide. Stimulant use and sexual behaviours have been linked in behavioural and epidemiological studies. Although methamphetamine‐related neurofunctional differences are reported in previous studies, only few studies have examined neurofunctional changes related to methamphetamine and sexual cues in methamphetamine dependence from short‐ to long‐term abstinence.MethodsNeurofunctional changes were measured using a cue‐reactivity task involving methamphetamine, sexual, and neutral cues in 20 methamphetamine abusers who were evaluated after a short‐ (1 week to 3 months) and long‐term (10–15 months) abstinence.ResultsFive brain regions mainly involved in the occipital lobe and the parietal lobe were found with the group‐by‐condition interaction. Region‐of‐interest analyses found higher sexual‐cue‐related activation than other two activations in all five brain regions in the long‐term methamphetamine abstinence group while no group differences were found. Negative relationships between motor impulsivity and methamphetamine‐ or sexual‐cue‐related activations in the left middle occipital gyrus, the superior parietal gyrus and the right angular gyrus were found.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that methamphetamine abstinence may change the neural response of methamphetamine abusers to methamphetamine and sexual cues, and the neurofunction of the five brain regions reported in this study may partly recover with long‐term methamphetamine abstinence. Given the use and relapse of methamphetamine for sexual purposes, the findings of this study may have particular clinical relevance.
ATP6V1A is required for synaptic rearrangements and plasticity in murine hippocampal neurons
Authors: Esposito Alessandro , Pepe Sara , Cerullo Maria Sabina , Cortese Katia , Semini Hanako Tsushima , Giovedì Silvia , Guerrini Renzo , Benfenati Fabio , Falace Antonio , Fassio Anna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimUnderstanding the physiological role of ATP6V1A, a component of the cytosolic V1 domain of the proton pump vacuolar ATPase, in regulating neuronal development and function.MethodsModeling loss of function of Atp6v1a in primary murine hippocampal neurons and studying neuronal morphology and function by immunoimaging, electrophysiological recordings and electron microscopy.ResultsAtp6v1a depletion affects neurite elongation, stabilization, and function of excitatory synapses and prevents synaptic rearrangement upon induction of plasticity. These phenotypes are due to an overall decreased expression of the V1 subunits, that leads to impairment of lysosomal pH‐regulation and autophagy progression with accumulation of aberrant lysosomes at neuronal soma and of enlarged vacuoles at synaptic boutons.ConclusionsThese data suggest a physiological role of ATP6V1A in the surveillance of synaptic integrity and plasticity and highlight the pathophysiological significance of ATP6V1A loss in the alteration of synaptic function that is associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. The data further support the pivotal involvement of lysosomal function and autophagy flux in maintaining proper synaptic connectivity and adaptive neuronal properties.