bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of transcript profiles in different life stages of the nematode Globodera pallida under different host potato genotypes
Authors: Palomares‐Rius Juan E. , Hedley Pete E. , Cock Peter J. A. , Morris Jenny A. , Jones John T. , Vovlas Nikos , Blok Vivian 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis are important parasites of potato. PCNs undergo complex biotrophic interactions with their hosts that involve gene expression changes in both the nematode and the host plant. The aim of this study was to determine key genes that are differentially expressed in Globodera pallida life cycle stages and during the initiation of the feeding site in susceptible and partially resistant potato genotypes. For this purpose, two microarray experiments were designed: (i) a comparison of eggs, infective second‐stage juveniles (J2s) and sedentary parasitic‐stage J2s (SJ2); (ii) a comparison of SJ2s at 8 days after inoculation (DAI) in the susceptible cultivar (Desirée) and two partially resistant lines. The results showed differential expression of G. pallida genes during the stages studied, including previously characterized effectors. In addition, a large number of genes changed their expression between SJ2s in the susceptible cultivar and those infecting partially resistant lines; the number of genes with modified expression was lower when the two partially resistant lines were compared. Moreover, a histopathological study was performed at several time points (7, 14 and 30 DAI) and showed the similarities between both partially resistant lines with a delay and degeneration in the formation of the syncytia in comparison with the susceptible cultivar. Females at 30 DAI in partially resistant lines showed a delay in their development in comparison with those in the susceptible cultivar.
US Hemophilia Treatment Center population trends 1990–2010: patient diagnoses, demographics, health services utilization
Authors: Baker J. R. , Riske B. , Drake J. H. , Forsberg A. D. , Atwood R. , Voutsis M. , Shearer R. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryFor several decades, US government agencies have partially supported regional networks of Hemophilia Treatment Centers (HTC). HTC multidisciplinary teams provide comprehensive and coordinated diagnosis, treatment, prevention, education, outreach and surveillance services to improve the health of people with genetic bleeding disorders. However, national data are scarce on HTC‐patient population trends and services. The aim of the study was to examine national trends over the past 20 years in patient diagnoses, demographics and health services utilization among the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)‐supported HTC network. Diagnoses, demographics and health services utilization data from 1990 to 2010 were aggregated from all HTCs using the Hemophilia Data Set (HDS). From 1990 to 2010, the HTC population grew 90% from 17 177 to 32 612. HTC patients with von Willebrand's disease increased by 148%, females by 346%, Hispanic patients by 236% and African Americans by 104%. Four thousand and seventy‐five deaths were reported. From 2002 to 2010, annual comprehensive evaluations grew 38%, and persons with severe haemophilia on a home intravenous therapy programme rose 37%. In 2010, 46% of patients were less than 18 years vs. 24% for the general US population. The Hemophilia Data Set documents the growth and diversity of the US Hemophilia Treatment Center Network's patient population and services. Despite disproportionate deaths due to HIV, the HTC patient base grew faster than the general US population. The HDS is a vital national public health registry for this rare‐disorder population.
Management of factor VII‐deficient patients undergoing joint surgeries – preliminary results of locally developed treatment regimen
Authors: Windyga J. , Zbikowski P. , Ambroziak P. , Baran B. , Kotela I. , Stefanska‐Windyga E. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryInherited factor VII (FVII) deficiency is a rare coagulation disorder with variable haemorrhagic manifestations. In severely affected cases spontaneous haemarthroses leading to advanced arthropathy have been observed. Such cases may require surgery. Therapeutic options for bleeding prevention in FVII deficient patients undergoing surgery comprise various FVII preparations but the use of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) seems to be the treatment of choice. To present the outcome of orthopaedic surgery under haemostatic coverage of rFVIIa administered according to the locally established treatment regimen in five adult patients with FVII baseline plasma levels below 10 IU dL−1. Two patients required total hip replacement (THR); three had various arthroscopic procedures. Recombinant activated factor VII was administered every 8 h on day of surgery (D0) followed by every 12–24 h for the subsequent 9–14 days, depending on the type of surgery. Factor VII plasma coagulation activity (FVII:C) was determined daily with no predefined therapeutic target levels. Doses of rFVIIa on D0 ranged from 18 to 37 μg kg−1 b.w. and on the subsequent days – from 13 to 30 μg kg−1 b.w. Total rFVIIa dose per procedure ranged from 16 to 37.5 mg, and the total number of doses per procedure was 16–31. None of our patients developed excessive bleeding including those in whom FVII:C trough levels returned nearly to the baseline level on the first post‐op day. Preliminary results demonstrate that rFVIIa administered according to our treatment regimen is an effective and safe haemostatic agent for hypoproconvertinaemia patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery.
New genotypes of table olives: profile of bioactive compounds
Authors: Medina Eduardo , Morales‐Sillero Ana , Ramírez Eva Mª , Rallo Pilar , Brenes Manuel , Romero Concepción 
Published: August 2012

SummaryNew table olive genotypes (48) coming from a cross‐breeding programme were evaluated. Most of the fruit traits covered a wide range of variability on the set of genotypes, fruit weight (1.1–9.7 g), pulp‐to‐pit ratio (1.7–10.0), fruit shape (1.0–1.6) and oil content (1.3–15.2%). This is the first time that healthy compounds such as triterpenic acids and phenolic compounds have also been evaluated in olive progenies. Genotypes were stored for 2 months in sterilised brine (5% NaCl and 0.5% acetic acid). A high amount of maslinic (685.0–1394.2 mg kg−1 olive flesh) and oleanolic acids (275.3–817.9 mg kg−1 olive flesh) was found in the flesh of olives stored. The main oleosidic and phenolic compounds evaluated in brines were hydroxytyrosol (1.9–8.4 mmol L−1), hydroxytyrosol glucosides (0.4–19.8 mmol L−1), oleuropein (0.0–4.7 mmol L−1) and the antimicrobial compounds, dialdehydic form of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid linked to hydroxytyrosol (0.0–3.4 mmol L−1) and decarboxymethyl elenolic acid (0.0–1.7 mmol L−1), the latter two being observed in only ten genotypes. The wide range of variation observed for most compounds indicates that the contents of these healthy compounds may be used as selection criteria in table olive breeding programmes.
Use of HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS for the classification of Italian lemon, orange and citrus spp. honeys
Authors: Papotti Giulia , Bertelli Davide , Plessi Maria 
Published: August 2012

SummaryVolatile compounds from 90 Italian citrus honeys of different varieties (lemon, Citrus limon (L.) Burm., orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, and citrus, Citrus spp.), 30 provided by CRA‐API (Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura‐Unità di ricerca di apicoltura e bachicoltura) (Bologna, Italy) and 60 purchased on the markets, were analysed to classify them according to the characteristic aroma profiles. A HS‐SPME‐GC method previously developed and validated was applied. Factor analysis and general discriminant analysis (GDA) were carried out on peaks and intensity data. Statistical analyses revealed a good separation between samples; the best model based on peaks data shows 66.5% and 33.5% of total variance explained by the first and the second canonical functions and a predictive capacity of 78.9%. Regarding the intensity data, the CFs of the GDA model explain 53.8% and 46.2% of the total variance and the crossvalidation shows a predictive capacity of 96.7%.
Effect of y‐radiation on chives safety and quality
Authors: Junqueira‐Gonçalves Maria Paula , Zuñiga Gustavo E. , Zárate Herman , Arcos Karina , Ganga Angélica , Miltz Joseph 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe effect of γ‐irradiation on the quality of chives was evaluated. The samples were irradiated at 1.0 and 2.0 kGy, stored at 4 °C for 10 days and used for microbiological (aerobic mesophilic, moulds and yeasts, E. coli and Salmonella sp), biochemical (vitamin C and lipoperoxide (MDA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (POX) activity) and sensorial evaluation. For irradiated samples, the total counts of aerobic mesophilic and moulds and yeasts showed a reduction of 6 log cycles during storage, and colour analysis showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) for the b*‐value. The contents of vitamin C were not significantly affected by irradiation and storage time. The MDA contents and SOD activity changed insignificantly at both γ‐irradiation levels after storage, while POX was significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) at 1 kGy. Samples irradiated at 2.0 kGy presented sensorial acceptance after the storage. These results show that γ‐irradiation increases the shelf life of chives without significant changes in their quality.
A practical educational tool for teaching child‐care hospital professionals attending evidence‐based practice courses for continuing medical education to appraise internal validity in systematic reviews
Authors: Rosati Paola , Porzsolt Franz 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesHaving a quick, practical, educational tool designed for busy child‐care professionals to check whether systematic reviews (SRs) contain valid information would help them regularly update their evidence‐based knowledge and apply it to their patients. Continuing our annual workshop courses encouraging paediatric hospital professionals to use evidence‐based information, in a preliminary study, we compared the commonly used Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) questionnaire for appraising overall internal validity in SRs with a new, practical tool designed to check internal validity quickly.MethodDuring a course in 2010, two ‘teacher‐brokers’ taught experienced paediatric hospital professionals to use and compare the CASP and the new practical tool to appraise a Cochrane SR on beclomethasone for asthma in children by assessing internal validity only from the two most weighted randomized controlled trials in the forest plot. At 15 days and 6 months, participants then answered questionnaires designed to assess qualitative data including feelings about working together, memorization and possibly provide feedback for Cochrane reviewers.ResultsUsing the CASP, participants agreed that the Cochrane SR analysed contained overall valid results. Conversely, using the new quick tool, they found poor internal validity. Participants worked well together in a group, took less time to apply the new tool than the CASP (1 vs. 2.5 hours) and provided Cochrane feedback.ConclusionsOur quick practical tool for teaching critical appraisal encourages busy child‐care hospital professionals to work together, carefully check validity in SRs, apply the findings in clinical practice and provide useful feedback for Cochrane reviewers.
Methods for the bias adjustment of meta‐analyses of published observational studies
Authors: Doi Suhail A. R. , Barendregt Jan J. , Onitilo Adedayo A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundA unique challenge in meta‐analysis of observational studies is bias adjustment. Two different approaches have been proposed for doing this – using summary scores versus component scores. The prevailing view on this matter is that summary quality scores are inaccurate because information from its components can cancel each other out.MethodsA head‐to‐head comparison of the component score adjustment with our method using summary scores is undertaken, using data reported by the authors of the component method.ResultsIt is demonstrated that the consideration of components or of aggregate scores does indeed lead to the same conclusions. Yet, the latter does not require imputation of the direction and magnitude of changes to effect sizes.ConclusionsThe summary quality score used for bias adjustment within the context of an appropriate model may be most expedient. Implications for the bias adjustment of meta‐analyses of observational studies are discussed.
Control beliefs are related to smoking prevention in prenatal care
Authors: Lemola Sakari , Meyer‐Leu Yvonne , Samochowiec Jakub , Grob Alexander 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundSmoking during pregnancy is one of the most important avoidable health risks for the unborn child. Gynaecologists and midwives play a fundamental role in the prevention of smoking during pregnancy. However, a large number of health care practitioners still do not address smoking in pregnant patients.ObjectivesWe examined whether gynaecologists and midwives engage in screening and counselling of pregnant women and conducting interventions to prevent smoking during pregnancy. Further, we examined the role of gynaecologists’ and midwives’ control beliefs. Control beliefs involve efficacy expectations – the practitioner's confidence in his capacity to conduct prevention efforts adequately – and outcome expectations – the practitioner's expectation that such prevention efforts are successful in general.MethodsA total of 486 gynaecologists and 366 midwives completed a questionnaire on screening of smoking, counselling and other interventions they conduct to prevent smoking during pregnancy. Moreover, gynaecologists and midwives rated their control beliefs regarding their influence on pregnant patients’ smoking habits.ResultsThe majority of gynaecologists and midwives reported screening all pregnant patients regarding smoking, explaining the risks and recommending smoking cessation. By contrast, only a minority engages in more extensive prevention efforts. Strong control beliefs were predictive of a higher likelihood of screening and counselling, as well as of engaging in more extensive interventions.ConclusionsThe findings point to the importance of strengthening gynaecologists’ and midwives’ control beliefs by professional education and training on smoking prevention.
Use of evidence‐based therapy for the secondary prevention of acute coronary syndromes in Malaysian practice
Authors: Kassab Yaman Walid , Hassan Yahaya , Aziz Noorizan Abd , Akram Hadeer , Ismail Omar 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRationaleDespite the availability of various prevention guidelines on acute coronary syndrome (ACS), secondary prevention practice utilizing aspirin, beta‐blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and statins still can be sub‐optimal.Aims and objectivesTo review and document the utilization of pharmacotherapy for the secondary prevention of ACS in patients discharged from a Malaysian hospital.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Penang, Malaysia. Patients with a primary diagnosis of ACS were identified from medical records over a 4‐month period. A range of clinical data was extracted from medical records, including medical history, clinical presentation and pharmacotherapy both on admission and at discharge. This audit focused on the use of four guideline‐recommended therapies: aspirin±clopidogrel, beta‐blockers, statins and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).ResultsData pertaining to a total of 380 ACS patients was extracted and reviewed, the mean age of the study population was 57.49 years and 73.9% of population was males. Patients with unstable angina accounted for 56.6% of the admissions whereas 23.4% and 20% of the patients were admitted for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and non‐ST‐segment elevation infarct respectively. 95.7% of the patients received antiplatelets comprising of at least aspirin, and 82% received aspirin plus clopidogrel. Furthermore, 80.3% of the patients received a beta‐blocker at discharge, 95% a statin and 69.7% received either an ACEI or ARB. Compared with patients who presented with myocardial infarction (with or without ST‐segment elevation), those presenting with unstable angina were less likely to receive the combination of aspirin plus clopidogrel or an ACEI/ARB at discharge. Patients over 65 years of age were also less likely to receive a beta‐blocker at discharge, compared with younger patients.ConclusionsThere is a good adherence to evidence‐based guidelines for the secondary prevention of ACS in this local setting. However, there is some potential underutilization in the older population and patients presenting with unstable angina.
Overlap between functional GI disorders and other functional syndromes: what are the underlying mechanisms?
Authors: Kim S. E. , Chang L. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract  Background  Irritable bowel syndrome and other gastrointestinal (GI) and non‐GI disorders such as functional dyspepsia, fibromyalgia, temporomandibular joint disorder, interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, and chronic fatigue syndrome are known as functional pain syndromes. They commonly coexist within the same individual. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of these disorders are not well understood, but it has been hypothesized that they share a common pathogenesis.Purpose  The objective of this review is to discuss the proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms, which have been similarly studied in these conditions. These mechanisms include enhanced pain perception, altered regional brain activation, infectious etiologies, dysregulations in immune and neuroendocrine function, and genetic susceptibility. Studies suggest that these functional disorders are multifactorial, but factors which increase the vulnerability of developing these conditions are shared.
Effects of altered α‐ and β‐branch carotenoid biosynthesis on photoprotection and whole‐plant acclimation of Arabidopsis to photo‐oxidative stress
Authors: CALIANDRO ROSANNA , NAGEL KERSTIN A. , KASTENHOLZ BERND , BASSI ROBERTO , LI ZHIRONG , NIYOGI KRISHNA K. , POGSON BARRY J. , SCHURR ULRICH , MATSUBARA SHIZUE 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTFunctions of α‐ and β‐branch carotenoids in whole‐plant acclimation to photo‐oxidative stress were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana wild‐type (wt) and carotenoid mutants, lutein deficient (lut2, lut5), non‐photochemical quenching1 (npq1) and suppressor of zeaxanthin‐less1 (szl1) npq1 double mutant. Photo‐oxidative stress was applied by exposing plants to sunflecks. The sunflecks caused reduction of chlorophyll content in all plants, but more severely in those having high α‐ to β‐branch carotenoid composition (α/β‐ratio) (lut5, szl1npq1). While this did not alter carotenoid composition in wt or lut2, which accumulates only β‐branch carotenoids, increased xanthophyll levels were found in the mutants with high α/β‐ratios (lut5, szl1npq1) or without xanthophyll‐cycle operation (npq1, szl1npq1). The PsbS protein content increased in all sunfleck plants but lut2. These changes were accompanied by no change (npq1, szl1npq1) or enhanced capacity (wt, lut5) of NPQ. Leaf mass per area increased in lut2, but decreased in wt and lut5 that showed increased NPQ. The sunflecks decelerated primary root growth in wt and npq1 having normal α/β‐ratios, but suppressed lateral root formation in lut5 and szl1npq1 having high α/β‐ratios. The results highlight the importance of proper regulation of the α‐ and β‐branch carotenoid pathways for whole‐plant acclimation, not only leaf photoprotection, under photo‐oxidative stress.
Histopathological assessment of wheat seedling tissues infected by Fusarium pseudograminearum
Authors: Knight N. L. , Sutherland M. W. 
Published: August 2012

Histopathological assessment of infection by the crown rot pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum in wheat seedling tissues was performed using fluorescence microscopy. The coleoptiles and leaf sheaths of four host cultivars of differing susceptibility were examined. Leaf sheaths were most frequently penetrated via stomata, indicated by initial lesions forming at the guard cells. Internally, cell wall penetration was facilitated by penetration structures which appeared as hyphal swellings or septate foot‐shaped appressoria. Colonization of leaf sheaths resulted in the re‐emergence of hyphae from stomata on both surfaces of the sheath. These hyphae are hypothesized to have two major roles; first as exploratory hyphae for colonization of new tissues, and secondly as sites of profuse conidial production. The formation of conidia on the leaf sheath surface was only recorded on the most susceptible bread wheat genotype. No other major differences in host–pathogen interactions were observed among these cultivars. Almost all cell types in the leaf sheath tissues were extensively colonized, except for the vascular bundles and silica cells. This investigation provides the first comprehensive assessment of F. pseudograminearum infection structures and growth patterns during the infection of wheat seedlings.
Trends in the uptake of voluntary counselling and testing for HIV in rural Tanzania in the context of the scale up of antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Isingo Raphael , Wringe Alison , Todd Jim , Urassa Mark , Mbata Doris , Maiseli Griter , Manyalla Rose , Changalucha John , Mngara Julius , Mwinuka Ester , Zaba Basia 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectives  To describe trends in voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) use and to assess whether high‐risk and infected individuals are receiving counselling and learning their HIV status in rural Tanzania.Methods  During two rounds of linked serological surveys (2003–2004 and 2006–2007) with anonymous HIV testing among adults, VCT was offered to all participants. The crude and adjusted odds ratios for completing VCT in each survey were calculated to compare uptake by demographic, behavioural and clinical characteristics, stratified by sex. Repeat testing patterns were also investigated.Results  The proportion of participants completing VCT increased from 10% in 2003–2004 to 17% in 2006–2007, and among HIV‐infected persons from 14% to 25%. A higher proportion of men than women completed VCT in both rounds, but the difference declined over time. Socio‐demographic and behavioural factors associated with VCT completion were similar across rounds, including higher adjusted odds of VCT with increasing numbers of sexual partners in the past 12 months. The proportion having ever‐completed VCT reached 26% among 2006–2007 attendees, with repeat testing rates highest among those aged 35–44 years. Among 3923 participants attending both rounds, VCT completion in 2006–2007 was 17% among 3702 who were HIV negative in both rounds, 19% among 124 who were HIV infected in both rounds and 22% among 96 who seroconverted between rounds.Conclusion  VCT services are attracting HIV‐infected and high‐risk individuals. However, 2 years after the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, the overall uptake remains low. Intensive mobilisation efforts are needed to achieve regular and universal VCT use.