bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Dynamics and Impacts of the Red-Headed Leafy Spurge Stem Borer on Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)
Authors: Progar Robert A. , Markin George , Milan Joseph , Barbouletos Tom , Rinella Matthew J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe evaluated the efficacy of the biological control agent, red-headed leafy spurge stem borer, against the nonnative invasive plant leafy spurge. Our three treatments were release of the biological control agent into uncaged plots, release of the biological control agent into plots caged to prevent agent escape, and control plots caged to prevent agent entry. These treatments were replicated three times at six sites in the western United States. We measured leafy spurge biomass for 1 or 2 yr following release. We also measured the percentage of leafy spurge stems showing evidence of red-headed leafy spurge stem borer oviposition for either 1 or 2 yr following agent release, depending on the site. Red-headed leafy spurge stem borer did not demonstrably reduce leafy spurge biomass in our study. Moreover, compared to the release year, evidence of red-headed leafy spurge stem borer oviposition declined with time, suggesting the agent population was diminishing. This suggests the agent is incapable of building large populations capable of controlling leafy spurge at the sites we studied. However, after being released, populations of biological control agents sometimes go through long lag phases and then begin rapid population increases, so we cannot completely dismiss the possibility that red-headed leafy spurge stem borer might become effective given more time.
Technology Licensing by Advertising Supported Media Platforms: An Application to Internet Search Engines
Authors: Sapi Geza , Suleymanova Irina 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
We develop a duopoly model with advertising supported platforms and analyze incentives of a superior firm to license its advanced technologies to an inferior rival. We highlight the role of two technologies characteristic for media platforms: the technology to produce content and to place advertisements. Licensing incentives are driven solely by indirect network effects arising from the aversion of users to advertising. We establish a relationship between licensing incentives and the nature of technology, the decision variable on the advertiser side, and the structure of platforms’ revenues. Only the technology to place advertisements is licensed. If users are charged for access, licensing incentives vanish. Licensing increases the advertising intensity, benefits advertisers and harms users. Our model provides a rationale for technology-based cooperations between competing platforms, such as the planned Yahoo-Google advertising agreement in 2008.
Distress in the Financial Sector and Economic Activity
Authors: Carlson Mark A , King Thomas , Lewis Kurt 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
We construct daily market-based measures of distance to default for large U.S. financial institutions since 1973. These measures have significant predictive power for institution bankruptcy more than one year in advance. We aggregate the distances to default across institutions to provide an index of the overall health of the financial-services industry. We show that deteriorations in this Financial Institution Health Index are associated with tighter lending standards and higher interest rates on bank loans and precede declines in employment and industrial production. We argue that this points to the condition of financial institutions as an independent source of macroeconomic variability, distinct from traditional accelerator mechanisms.
Endothelin-1 Reduces Glucose Uptake in Human Skeletal Muscle In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Shemyakin Alexey , Salehzadeh Firoozeh , Esteves Duque-Guimaraes Daniella , Böhm Felix , Rullman Eric , Gustafsson Thomas , Pernow John , Krook Anna 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVEEndothelin (ET)-1 is a vasoconstrictor and proinflammatory peptide that may interfere with glucose uptake. Our objective was to investigate whether exogenous ET-1 affects glucose uptake in the forearm of individuals with insulin resistance and in cultured human skeletal muscle cells.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSNine male subjects (aged 61 ± 3 years) with insulin resistance (M value &lt;5.5 mg/kg/min or a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index &gt;2.5) participated in a protocol using saline infusion followed by ET-1 infusion (20 pmol/min) for 2 h into the brachial artery. Forearm blood flow (FBF), endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, and endothelium-independent vasodilatation were assessed. Molecular signaling and glucose uptake were determined in cultured skeletal muscle cells.RESULTSET-1 decreased forearm glucose uptake (FGU) by 39% (P &lt; 0.05) after the 2-h infusion. ET-1 reduced basal FBF by 36% after the 2-h infusion (P &lt; 0.05) and impaired both endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (P &lt; 0.01) and endothelium-independent vasodilatation (P &lt; 0.05). ETA and ETB receptor expression was detected on cultured skeletal muscle cells. One-hour ET-1 incubation increased glucose uptake in cells from healthy control subjects but not from type 2 diabetic patients. Incubation with ET-1 for 24 h reduced glucose uptake in cells from healthy subjects. ET-1 decreased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 serine 636.CONCLUSIONSET-1 not only induces vascular dysfunction but also acutely impairs FGU in individuals with insulin resistance and in skeletal muscle cells from type 2 diabetic subjects. These findings suggest that ET-1 may contribute to the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle in humans.
The Relationship between Falls Efficacy and Improvement in Fall Risk Factors Following an Exercise Plus Educational Intervention for Older Adults with Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Arnold C.M. , Faulkner R.A. , Gyurcsik N.C. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose: Older adults with decreased confidence in their ability to prevent a fall may benefit from an exercise programme that includes self-efficacy-enhancing education. The objectives of this study were to explore differences in fall-risk outcomes in older adults with higher vs. lower levels of falls efficacy and to evaluate the relationship between baseline falls-efficacy status and changes in fall risk factors following two interventions. Method: Fifty-four older adults with hip osteoarthritis and at least one risk factor for falls received aquatic exercise twice weekly plus education once weekly (EE) or aquatic exercise only, twice weekly (EO), for 11 weeks. Results: EE participants with low baseline falls efficacy demonstrated significantly (p<0.05) greater improvement in balance and falls efficacy compared to EE participants with high baseline falls efficacy. In the EE group only, baseline falls-efficacy status (low vs. high median split on the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale) was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with positive balance and falls-efficacy change scores (Spearman rank r=0.45 and 0.63 respectively). Conclusions: Individuals with one or more fall-risk factors and low falls efficacy may benefit from receiving an intervention that combines exercise with self-efficacy-enhancing education. Falls-efficacy screening may be important for decisions regarding referral to fall-prevention programmes.
Postural Control Is Impaired in People with COPD: An Observational Study
Authors: Roig M. , Eng J.J. , MacIntyre D.L. , Road J.D. , Reid W.D. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose: We investigated deficits in postural control and fall risk in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Method: Twenty people with moderate to severe COPD (mean age 72.3 years, standard deviation [SD] 6.7 years) with a mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 46.7% (SD 13%) and 20 people (mean age 68.2 years, SD 8.1) who served as a comparison group were tested for postural control using the Sensory Organization Test (SOT). A score of zero in any trial of the SOT was registered as a fall. On the basis of the SOT results, participants were categorized as frequent fallers (two or more falls) or as fallers (one fall). To explore the potential influence of muscle weakness on postural control, knee extensors concentric muscle torque was assessed with an isokinetic dynamometer. Physical activity level was assessed with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Results: People with COPD showed a 10.8% lower score on the SOT (p=0.016) and experienced more falls (40) than the comparison group (12). The proportion of frequent fallers and fallers during the SOT was greater (p=0.021) in the COPD group (four of 10) than in the comparison group (two of seven). People with COPD showed deficits in knee extensors muscle strength (p=0.01) and a modest trend toward reduced physical activity level. However, neither of these factors explained the deficits in postural control observed in the COPD group. Conclusions: People with COPD show deficits in postural control and increased risk of falls as measured by the SOT. The deficits in postural control appear to be independent of muscle weakness and level of physical activity. Postural control interventions and fall risk strategies in the pulmonary rehabilitation of COPD are recommended.
Facial nerve function after vestibular schwannoma surgery
Authors: Falcioni Maurizio , Fois Paolo , Taibah Abdelkader , Sanna Mario 
Published: June 2011

Object
The object of this study was to evaluate long-term postoperative facial nerve (FN) function in patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical course of patients affected by isolated VSs with normal preoperative FN function, with no previous surgical or radiotherapeutic treatment, and who underwent surgery between 1987 and 2007. Facial nerve function was clinically evaluated according to the House-Brackmann (HB) scale. The minimum postoperative follow-up was 12 months.

Results
Among the 1550 patients surgically treated at the authors' center, 1151 matched inclusion criteria for the present study. The FN was anatomically interrupted in 48 cases (4.2%), and 51 patients (4.4%) underwent subtotal tumor removal and were considered separately. Among the 1052 patients with anatomically preserved FNs and total tumor removal, 684 (65%) enjoyed postoperative HB Grade I or II and 309 (29.4%) enjoyed Grade III, with the remaining 59 cases (5.6%) suffering unsatisfactory results (HB Grades IV–VI). As expected, FN function results deteriorated in cases of larger tumors.

Conclusions
The main factor influencing postoperative FN function was tumor size. Although there was a progressive deterioration in FN function outcome in relation to tumor size, a cutoff point between satisfactory and unsatisfactory results could be identified at around 2 cm in maximum extrameatal tumor diameter, with the “optimal size” for surgery identified at < 1 cm. This finding emphasizes the importance of an early diagnosis and should be kept in mind when selecting the correct timing for VS removal. For small lesions, the results following a middle cranial fossa approach were significantly worse as compared with those following the translabyrinthine and retrosigmoidretrolabyrinthine approaches.
Influence of surgical or endovascular treatment on visual symptoms caused by intracranial aneurysms: single-center series and systematic review
Authors: Schuss Patrick , Güresir Erdem , Berkefeld Joachim , Seifert Volker , Vatter Hartmut 
Published: June 2011

Object
Intracranial aneurysms of the anterior circulation might become symptomatic by causing visual deficits. The influence of treatment modality on improvement is still unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the recovery of visual deficits caused by the mass effect of intracranial aneurysms after surgical clipping or endovascular treatment.

Methods
Between June 1999 and December 2009, 20 patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms causing visual dysfunction due to compression of the optical nerve were treated at the authors' institution. Visual deficits were recorded at admission and at follow-up. To evaluate a larger number of patients, MEDLINE was searched for published studies involving visual disturbance caused by an aneurysm. A multivariate analysis was performed to find independent predictors for favorable visual outcome.

Results
Nine (75%) of 12 patients treated surgically achieved improvement of visual symptoms, compared with 3 (38%) of 8 patients treated endovascularly. A literature review, including the current series, revealed a total of 165 patients with UIAs causing visual dysfunction. Surgical treatment was associated with a significantly higher rate of visual improvement (p = 0.002) compared with endovascular treatment. According to the multivariate analysis, surgical clipping was the only variable significantly associated with improvement of visual outcome (p = 0.02).

Conclusions
Aneurysm-related visual dysfunction developed from direct mechanical compression may improve after surgical clipping and endovascular coiling. However, based on the present series combined with pooled analysis of data from the literature, the only factor significantly associated with improvement of visual dysfunction was surgical clipping.
Immunoliposomal drug-delivery system targeting lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor–1 for carotid plaque lesions in rats
Authors: Saito Atsushi , Shimizu Hiroaki , Doi Yusuke , Ishida Tatsuhiro , Fujimura Miki , Inoue Takashi , Kiwada Hiroshi , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: June 2011

Object
Targeted drug delivery with immunoliposomes has been applied to various in vivo animal models and is newly focused as a novel therapeutic target. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor–1 (LOX1) is a potent regulator of systemic atherosclerosis, and the authors focused on its effect on carotid plaques. The authors developed a LOX1-targeted liposomal rho-kinase inhibitor and examined the therapeutic effect on carotid intimal hypertrophy in rats.

Methods
LOX1-targeted rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil-containing liposomes, composed of hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/PEG2000-DSPE, were prepared by conjugating anti-LOX1 antibodies on the surface and by remote loading of fasudil. Carotid intimal hypertrophy was induced by balloon injury, and the drugs were intravenously administered on Day 3 postinjury. The rats were divided into 4 groups: nontreatment, treatment with intravenous fasudil (2 mg), treatment with liposomal fasudil (2 mg), and treatment with LOX1-targeted liposomal fasudil (2 mg). The authors compared intimal hypertrophy, atherosclerotic factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression among groups.

Results
DiI–labeled LOX1-targeted liposomes were prominently observed in the lesions on Day 7 after the surgery. The intimal thickness was significantly reduced in the LOX1-targeted liposomal fasudil–treated group (mean 81.6 ± 13.9 μm) compared with the other groups (no treatment 105.4 ± 16.8 μm; fasudil treatment 102.4 ± 20.0 μm; and liposomal fasudil treatment 102.8 ± 22.2 μm; p = 0.046). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression was also significantly reduced in the LOX1-targeted liposomal fasudil group.

Conclusions
Liposomes conjugated with anti-LOX1 antibody effectively reached carotid artery lesions, and liposomal rho-kinase significantly inhibited intimal hypertrophy. The new liposomal drug delivery system targeting LOX1 may become a therapeutic strategy for atherosclerotic diseases.
Raynaud’s Phenomenon in Medical Laboratory Workers Who Work with Solvents
Authors: PURDIE GORDON L. , PURDIE DIANNE J. , HARRISON ANDREW A. 
Published: June 2011

Objective.To investigate whether there is an association between Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) and exposure to organic solvents in laboratory workers.Methods.Technicians, scientists, and laboratory assistants working in histology, cytology, and transfusion medicine were surveyed about their use of solvents, particularly xylene and toluene, and about symptoms of RP. There were 341 responses. OR for having worked with solvents were calculated with logistic regression adjusted for age and sex.Results.Laboratory workers who had worked with solvents had higher rates of severe RP, particularly those who had worked with xylene or toluene and either acetone (OR 8.8, 95% CI 1.9–41.1), or chlorinated solvents (OR 8.9, 95% CI 1.9–41.6), xylene or toluene and acetone compared to those who had worked with xylene or toluene but not acetone (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.2–16.2), and similarly for chlorinated solvents (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.2–16.3). RP symptoms occurring in the absence of cold exposure were more frequent for those who had worked with any solvent (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2–10.5) and just xylene or toluene (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1–7.3). Associations were also seen between increasing exposure to xylene or toluene and severe RP (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.7, per 10 years) and with symptoms occurring in the absence of cold exposure (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.5, per 10 years).Conclusion.We found that exposure to solvents may be associated with the development of RP, supporting previous work indicating that solvent exposure may be an etiological factor in systemic sclerosis.
De l'ingérence bien tempérée
Authors: Lafay-Amado Marie-Aline 
Published: June 2011

Résumé Partant de sa pratique du travail à domicile, l’auteur, psychologue clinicienne, psychanalyste, propose une réflexion sur la clinique de cette rencontre singulière, au domicile, et ce qu’elle peut nous apprendre en retour, notamment au niveau des enjeux transférentiels. Elle présente le travail d’élaboration/construction d’un dispositif de thérapie mère-enfant effectuée au domicile, celui-ci devenant alors un élément constitutif à part entière du cadre, et en même temps paradoxal du fait de son caractère privé et sous contrôle exclusif de la mère. Cette particularité serait-elle à l’origine des représentations/sensations de type cannibalique chez le thérapeute : être avalé, ingéré ? Cette perspective, articulée avec les notions d’intrusion et de curiosité, vient éclairer autrement la question de l’ingérence : pour pouvoir s’ingérer faudrait-il d’abord se laisser ingérer ? Pourrait-on alors parler d’« ingérence bien tempérée » ?
La vad, un va-et-vient soutenant le travail de symbolisation
Authors: Buisson Élodie , Collier-Bordet Carole 
Published: June 2011

Résumé Si, en allant chez les familles, une équipe de sessad répond souvent à des difficultés de se déplacer, au désir d’aller au plus près des souffrances familiales, il faut se demander ce qui peut se jouer dans de telles rencontres, aussi bien du côté des familles que du côté des professionnels. Les auteurs ne prétendent pas répondre de façon exhaustive à ce questionnement, mais ils s’efforcent néanmoins, dans cet article, de réfléchir sur ce qui s’agit dans la rencontre entre ces deux groupes (professionnel et familial). D’autant que lors des soins à domicile c’est bien une situation spatialement inversée qui est en scène, une situation où ce sont les professionnels qui sont délogés de leur cadre de travail, contrairement à la famille. S’appuyant sur un cas clinique, l’article interroge le processus de différenciation et de cocréation d’un « espace transitionnel ».
Hospitalisation à domicile en psychiatrie de secteur
Authors: Furtos Jean 
Published: June 2011

Résumé L’ had (hospitalisation à domicile) ici relatée est considérée comme une psychothérapie au domicile du patient, le plus souvent destinée à des patients psychotiques. La difficulté consiste à tenir un cadre d’inspiration psychanalytique dans un contexte trivial où le concret doit être approché à la fois comme tel et comme objet de transfert. La cothérapie doit être de principe, comme la supervision. La prise en compte de la famille, lorsqu’elle existe, a pu faire parler de « psychiatrie familiale », comme on parle de médecin de famille ; il ne s’agit jamais d’une thérapie familiale au sens technique du terme. Cette pratique a quasiment disparu en France, bien qu’autorisée par la loi et existant ici ou là.
Surveiller et punir à l'âge actuariel
Authors: Harcourt Bernard E. 
Published: June 2011

Dans cette seconde partie de l’article de Bernard Harcourt Profiling and Policing in an Actuarial Age (Profiler et punir à l’ère actuarielle), Bernard Harcourt s’attache à démontrer à l’aide d’outils mathématiques et d’exemples, que l’application des méthodes actuarielles et des modèles économiques telle que la discrimination statistique, n’est pas efficace dans le domaine pénal et peut être contre productive. L’introduction des méthodes statistiques dans la prédiction des comportements ne fonctionne pas, au contraire, elle augmente la criminalité globale de la société car les différents groupes ne réagissent pas de la même façon, ils n’ont pas la même élasticité, face aux changements du comportement de la police. De plus, le coût social de ces méthodes, caractérisé par la stigmatisation d’un groupe, est négligé. Alors pourquoi avoir adopté l’actuariat ? Dompter le hasard, rendre scientifique l’étude du comportement humain, peut être l’une des raisons.
Deux justices au banc d'essai
Authors: Mouhanna Christian , Bastard Benoit 
Published: June 2011

À partir de deux recherches empiriques, l’une sur les parquets, et l’autre sur les juges des enfants, cet article propose une comparaison entre deux « modèles » de justice opposés. Bien que tous deux confrontés à une montée en puissance des impératifs gestionnaires et d’efficacité sur le court terme, ces deux systèmes y ont apporté des réponses différentes, l’un privilégiant un investissement dans une logique productiviste, qui fragilise les idéaux judiciaires que sont l’individualisation de la peine, le temps consacré à la réflexion, l’attention portée à la parole, alors que le second cherche à préserver ces principes. Au delà d’une simple opposition entre justice des mineurs et justice des majeurs, on peut mesurer l’impact des transformations qui ont touché l’ensemble du système judiciaire ces dernières années.
De l’hystérie à la révolte
Authors: Niget David 
Published: June 2011

La violence féminine a longtemps été occultée dans les discours par les usages et les mésusages masculins de la force, associés à la virilité. Ces représentations s'avèrent particulièrement prégnantes s’agissant des jeunes : alors que la brutalité paraît être constitutive d’une masculinité en construction (et par là même normalisée), la violence des jeunes filles reste impensable, secrète, ou symptomatique de leur état pathologique. Jusqu’à l'irruption des sciences du psychisme dans le champ judiciaire, les jeunes filles n’étaient que très rarement stigmatisées pour leur violence, ce qui atteste de leur difficile accès à l’espace public. L’entrée en scène des institutions d’ « observation médico-pédagogique » suscite une nouvelle perception de la violence féminine, qui s’incarne désormais dans la catégorie des « troubles du comportement ». Le caractère très normatif de ces institutions stigmatisant le genre, l’âge et la classe sociale des jeunes placées sous la toise des experts de la personnalité laisse néanmoins s'échapper la voix des jeunes filles scrutées dans ces institutions, et ceci tant dans le registre de l’intime qu’à travers des stratégies de présentation de soi témoignant d'une volonté de reconnaissance sociale. Ces jeunes filles dont on pointe et suscite en même temps la violence au sein des institutions totales que sont les établissements d’observation, apparaissent comme des métaphores du changement social, signalant l’émancipation de la jeunesse dans les sociétés occidentales des années d’après-guerre.