bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deletion of ripA Alleviates Suppression of the Inflammasome and MAPK by Francisella tularensis
Authors: Huang Max Tze-Han , Mortensen Brittany L. , Taxman Debra J. , Craven Robin R. , Taft-Benz Sharon , Kijek Todd M. , Fuller James R. , Davis Beckley K. , Allen Irving Coy , Brickey Willie June , Gris Denis , Wen Haitao , Kawula Thomas H. , Ting Jenny Pan-Yun 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular pathogen and potential biothreat agent. Evasion of the immune response contributes to the extraordinary virulence of this organism although the mechanism is unclear. Whereas wild-type strains induced low levels of cytokines, an F. tularensis ripA deletion mutant (LVSΔripA) provoked significant release of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α by resting macrophages. IL-1β and IL-18 secretion was dependent on inflammasome components pyrin-caspase recruitment domain/apoptotic speck-containing protein with a caspase recruitment domain and caspase-1, and the TLR/IL-1R signaling molecule MyD88 was required for inflammatory cytokine synthesis. Complementation of LVSΔripA with a plasmid encoding ripA restored immune evasion. Similar findings were observed in a human monocytic line. The presence of ripA nearly eliminated activation of MAPKs including ERK1/2, JNK, and p38, and pharmacologic inhibitors of these three MAPKs reduced cytokine induction by LVSΔripA. Animals infected with LVSΔripA mounted a stronger IL-1β and TNF-α response than that of mice infected with wild-type live vaccine strain. This analysis revealed novel immune evasive mechanisms of F. tularensis.
Neutrophil Elastase Mediates Pathogenic Effects of Anthrax Lethal Toxin in the Murine Intestinal Tract
Authors: Fang Hui , Sun Chen , Xu Lixin , Owen Robert J. , Auth Roger D. , Snoy Philip J. , Frucht David M. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Neutrophils isolated from BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice and treated in vitro with anthrax lethal toxin release bioactive neutrophil elastase, a proinflammatory mediator of tissue destruction. Similarly, neutrophils isolated from mice treated with anthrax lethal toxin in vivo and cultured ex vivo release greater amounts of elastase than neutrophils from vehicle-treated controls. Direct measurements from murine intestinal tissue samples demonstrate an anthrax lethal toxin-dependent increase in neutrophil elastase activity in vivo as well. These findings correlate with marked lethal toxin-induced intestinal ulceration and bleeding in neutrophil elastase+/+ animals, but not in neutrophil elastase−/− animals. Moreover, neutrophil elastase−/− mice have a significant survival advantage over neutrophil elastase+/+ animals following exposure to anthrax lethal toxin, thereby establishing a key role for neutrophil elastase in mediating the deleterious effects of anthrax lethal toxin.
Hearing with Bone-anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA)
Authors: Kirtane MV , Mankekar Gauri , Chitranshi Payal Bhattacharya 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
BAHA is a surgically implantable system for treatment of hearing loss in patients wherein conventional hearing aids are unable to provide benefit. e.g. patients with microtia, chronic ear discharge or single sided hearing loss.
Effects of communication with non‐witnesses on eyewitnesses' recall correctness and meta‐cognitive realism
Authors: Sarwar Farhan , Allwood Carl Martin , Innes‐ker Åse 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn forensic contexts it is common that witnesses retell and discuss the experienced event many times. It is of forensic importance to understand how this influences memory and meta‐memory. Eighty‐nine participants viewed a short film and were assigned to one of four conditions: (1) Laboratory discussion (five discussions of the event with a confederate), (2) Family discussion (five discussions of the event with a family member), (3) Retell (five retellings of the event) and (4) Control. Three weeks later participants gave an open free recall, and then 3 days later confidence judged the recalled information. The results showed significant differences between the four conditions on number of correct items, incorrect items, accuracy, confidence and calibration. The results suggest that discussion of an experienced event may reduce some of the beneficial memory and meta‐memory effects caused by mere retelling, but may have no great negative effects compared to a control condition. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Progress in Nanostructured Cathode Materials for Lithium Secondary Batteries
Authors: Song Hyun‐Kon , Lee Kyu Tae , Kim Min Gyu , Nazar Linda F. , Cho Jaephil 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDiversified and extended applications of lithium‐ion batteries demand the development of more enhanced materials that can be achieved by sophisticated synthetic methods. Combination of novel materials with strategic design of their shape on the nanometer scale enables a breakthrough to overcome problems experienced by present technologies. In this feature article, an overview is given of Mn‐based and polyanion‐based cathode materials with nanoscale features for lithium‐ion batteries as materials to replace conventional bulk cathode materials. Various synthetic methods coupled with nanostructuring as well as the benefits obtained from the nanostructure are described.
Synthesis, structure and cytotoxic activity of new 1‐[5‐organylsilyl(germyl)‐2‐furyl (thienyl)]nitroethenes
Authors: Ignatovich Luba , Muravenko Velta , Romanovs Vitalijs , Sleiksha Ilze , Shestakova Irina , Domrachova Ilona , Belyakov Sergey , Popelis Jury , Lukevics Edmunds 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNew highly cytotoxic 1‐[5‐organylsilyl(germyl)‐2‐furyl(thienyl)]nitroethenes (IC500.3–3 µg ml−1) have been prepared by condensation reaction of corresponding silicon‐ and germanium‐containing heterocyclic aldehydes with nitromethane using ammonium acetate as the catalyst. The desired nitroethenes were identified by NMR (1H, 13C and 29Si), IR, HRMS and GC‐MS spectra. The structure of 1‐(5‐triphenylsilyl‐2‐thienyl)nitroethene was studied by X‐ray. The influence of the substituent structure on the cytotoxicity was investigated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Difluorotetrahydropyridothiazinone: A Selective β‐Galactosidase Inhibitor
Authors: Csuk René , Prell Erik 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSelective difluorination, introducing a lactame moiety (instead of an amine) and a double bond in a trihydroxy‐2‐thiaquinolizidine derivative reverses the selectivity of the glycosidase inhibitor – a selective inhibitor for an α‐glucosidase is altered into an excellent, competitive inhibitor for a β‐galactosidase.
Bodenverflüssigung bei Erdbeben — Rechnerischer Nachweis mit Lasteinwirkung und Bodenwiderständen
Authors: Gödecke Jörg‐Henrik , Gödecke Heinz‐Joachim 
Published: October 2010

AbstractImmer wieder entstehen Erdbeben mit erheblichen Personen‐ und Sachschäden. Immer wieder entfestigen sich dabei sandige Gründungsböden infolge einer Bodenverflüssigung durch die Erdbebenerschütterungen insbesondere bei hohen Grundwasserständen. Selbst solide Bauwerke können in den Untergrund einbrechen, auch wenn sie zuvor über Jahre praktisch setzungsfrei gewesen sind. Das Versagen des Untergrundes durch Bodenverflüssigung ist weltweit als “Liquefaktion‐Effekt” bekannt, wird aber in der täglichen Praxis mitunter immer noch unsicher behandelt. Nachfolgend wird die Mechanik der Lasteinwirkung und der Bodenwiderstände bei einer Erdbebenerschütterung beschrieben und das für baupraktische Berechnungen derzeit gängige Formelwerk dazu zusammengestellt. Damit lässt sich in geeigneter Weise prüfen, ob bei bestimmten Bodenverhältnissen und einem bestimmten Bemessungserdbeben eine Verflüssigung des Untergrundes zu besorgen ist oder ob bauliche Sicherungsmaßnahmen erforderlich sind.Liquefaction due to earthquakes — structural analysis with load actions and soil resistances. Again and again earthquakes have caused severe personal injuries and damages to property. In case of ground motion sandy subsoils especially in connection with high ground water tables can loose their strength and liquify. Then even solid structures may suffer severe settlements and collaps, even though through many years practically no settlements were noticed. This failure mechanism all over the world is wellknow as ”liquefaction”, but in daily practice is still handled with some uncertainness. In the following the mechanism of the load actions and the soil resistances during earthquakes will be described and the nowadays common formulas for the structural analyses will be compiled, enabling the assessment, if certain soil conditions will resist a design earthquake without liquefaction or if structural measures will be required.
Magnetic treatment of irrigation water and snow pea and chickpea seeds enhances early growth and nutrient contents of seedlings
Authors: Grewal Harsharn S. , Maheshwari Basant L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe effects of magnetic treatment of irrigation water and snow pea (Pisum sativum L var. macrocarpon) and Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) seeds on the emergence, early growth and nutrient contents of seedlings were investigated under glasshouse conditions. The treatments included (i) magnetic treatment of irrigation water (MTW), (ii) magnetic treatment of seeds (MTS), (iii) magnetic treatment of irrigation water and seeds (MTWS) and (iv) no magnetic treatment of irrigation water or seeds as control treatment. A magnetic treatment device with two permanent magnets (magnetic induction: 3.5–136 mT) was used for the above treatments. Seeds were sown in washed sand and seedlings were harvested at 20 days. The results showed that MTW led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in emergence rate index (ERI; 42% for snow pea and 51% for chickpea), shoot dry weight (25% for snow pea and 20% for chickpea) and contents of N, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Zn, Fe and Mn in both seedling varieties compared to control seedlings. Likewise, there were significant increases in ERI (33% for snow peas and 37% for chickpea), shoot dry weight (11% for snow pea and 4% for chickpea) and some nutrients of snow pea and chickpea seedlings with MTS in comparison with the controls. The results of this study suggest that both MTW and MTS have the potential to improve the early seedling growth and nutrient contents of seedlings. Bioelectromagnetics 32:58–65, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increasing compliance with haircuts in a child with autism
Authors: Schumacher Brittany I. , Rapp John T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUsing a changing‐criterion design, we evaluated the effects of providing a preferred edible item and escape from sitting contingent on a child's compliance with sitting during haircuts. Results indicated that the intervention eliminated the child's escape responses and increased his sitting to a duration that permitted regular haircuts by his mother. Follow‐up sessions showed that the participant's increased compliance during haircuts continued for over 2 months. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular dynamic simulation of stress development during coalescence of grain in presence of depositing atoms
Authors: Zientarski T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThree‐dimensional molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to study the evolution of stress during the deposition of atoms on the (100) plane of an fcc regular crystal, using the cubic system with x‐y periodic boundary conditions. In the present study, starting simulation box consists of a substrate and deposited layers forming regular strips. The interactions in the system are described by the Lennard‐Jones potential. The deposited atoms are in contact with two types of surfaces (substrate and strips/grains). The atoms in contact with the substrate generate the tensile stress, but atoms in contact with the grain generate the compressive stress. The melted grains increase the contact surface giving possibility the larger number of atoms to penetrate the grain boundaries and finally to produce a larger total compressive stress. This result is in agreement with the model proposed by Chason et al. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chromium–Chromium Bonding in Binuclear Azulene Chromium Carbonyl Complexes
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Sun Zhonghua , Xie Yaoming , King R. Bruce , Schaefer Henry F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe experimentally known cis‐[(η5,η5‐C10H8)Cr2(CO)6] structure with a rather long formal Cr–Cr single bond of about 3.3 Å is predicted by density functional theory to be the lowest energy C10H8Cr2(CO)6 structure. However, a trans‐[(η7,η5‐C10H8)Cr2(CO)6] structure lies in energy within ca. 4 kcal/mol of this global minimum. The lowest energy structures for the unsaturated derivatives C10H8Cr2(CO)n (n = 5, 4, 3, 2) are all related structures with cis stereochemistry of the two chromium atoms, a chromium‐chromium bond, and a single bridging carbonyl group. Such structures include singlet cis‐[(η5,η5‐C10H8)Cr2(CO)4 (μ‐CO)], singlet cis‐[(η7,η5‐C10H8)Cr2(CO)3(μ‐CO)], triplet cis‐[(η7,η5‐C10H8)Cr2(CO)2(μ‐CO)], and triplet cis‐[(η7,η5‐C10H8)Cr2(CO)(η2‐μ‐CO)], for n = 5, 4, 3, and 2, respectively. The C10H8Cr2(CO)5 structure is thermodynamically viable with respect to disproportionation into C10H8Cr2(CO)6 and C10H8Cr2(CO)4, in contrast to its cyclopentadienyl analogue [(η5‐C5H5)2Cr2(CO)5]. However, the C10H8Cr2(CO)4 structure is thermodynamically unfavorable with respect to disproportionation into C10H8Cr2(CO)5 and C10H8Cr2(CO)3, in contrast to its very stable and experimentally known cyclopentadienyl analogue [(η5‐C5H5)2Cr2(CO)4]. The lowest energy structure cis‐[(η7,η5‐C10H8)Cr2(μ‐CO)] for the monocarbonyl C10H8Cr2(CO) is a triplet structure with an unsymmetrical bridging carbonyl group and a Cr≡Cr distance of about 2.4 Å, suggesting a formal triple bond. The qualitatively assigned Cr–Cr formal bond orders (one through five) are remarkably consistent with the Wiberg bond indices obtained from the Weinhold natural bond order analysis.
Guignardones A–C: Three Meroterpenes from Guignardia mangiferae
Authors: Yuan Wei Hua , Liu Min , Jiang Nan , Guo Zhi Kai , Ma Jing , Zhang Jie , Song Yong Chun , Tan Ren Xiang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGuignardones A (1), B (2), and C (3), which are three meroterpenes with frameworks most probably generated through a terpenoid shikimate pathway, were characterized by a combination of spectroscopic, X‐ray crystallographic, and computational methods. The compounds were obtained from cultures of Guignardia mangiferae IFB‐GLP‐4 associated with normal Ilex cornuta leaves.
2‐Substituted Benzo[b]furans from (E)‐1,2‐Dichlorovinyl Ethers and Organoboron Reagents: Scope and Mechanistic Investigations into the One‐Pot Suzuki Coupling/Direct Arylation (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 29/2010)
Authors: Geary Laina M. , Hultin Philip G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows a very direct route to the synthesis of 2‐substituted benzo[b]furans in the shadow of the X‐ray structure of N‐myristoyltransferase (E.C. 2.3.1.97) obtained from Candida albicans, which is inhibited by a synthetic benzo[b]furan (PDB reference 1IYL, S. Sogabe et al., Chem. Biol. 2002, 9, 1119). This synthetic route provides an excellent platform for the exploration of potential antifungal agents of this type. Details are discussed in the article by L. M. Geary and P. G. Hultin on p. 5563 ff.
Enantioseparation of DL‐isocitric acid by a chiral ligand exchange CE with Ni(II)‐D‐quinic acid system
Authors: Kodama Shuji , Taga Atsushi , Yamamoto Atsushi , Ito Yuji , Honda Yoshitaka , Suzuki Kentaro , Yamashita Tomohisa , Kemmei Tomoko , Aizawa Sen‐ichi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe ratio of citric acid to D‐isocitric acid can be used to distinguish authentic and adulterated fruit juices. To separate DL‐isocitric acid enantiomers, we used ligand exchange CE. D‐Quinic acid was used as a chiral selector ligand and Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) ions were used as the central ions of the chiral selector in the BGE. DL‐Isocitric acid was found to be enantioseparated with the above metal ions except for Mn(II) ion. The optimum running conditions for the analysis of D‐ and L‐isocitric acids along with citric acid, an isomer of isocitric acid, were found to be a BGE (pH 5.0) containing 30% ACN, 20 mM acetic acid, 20 mM NiSO4, and 80 mM D‐quinic acid. Under these conditions, DL‐isocitric and citric acids in fruit juices were analyzed successfully.
The trainee in context: Examining the relationship between self‐efficacy and transfer climate for transfer of training
Authors: Sookhai Fiona , Budworth Marie‐Hélène 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTrainee perceptions of transfer climate have been found to be an important predictor of transfer of training. Self‐efficacy has also been identified as an important individual difference related to transfer. Few studies have examined how these variables work together to enhance or limit performance following training. In a field study of 37 trainees, supervisors were randomly selected for training in how to provide their subordinates with opportunities to use the learned skills on the job and reinforce attempts at application. It was found that trainees who had a supervisor who participated in the intervention perceived a better transfer climate than trainees whose supervisors did not participate in training. Transfer climate mediated the relationship between self‐efficacy and transfer of training.
Environmental risk from the development of PFA fill earthwork structures and an improved code of practice to mitigate potential impacts
Authors: Cross M. , Studds P. G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLeaching tests have demonstrated that metals and other inorganic contaminants are released from pulverised fuel ash (PFA) under laboratory conditions. Consequently, it is necessary to review the potential risks posed by large earthwork structures constructed of PFA. In this study, the findings of the recently completed risk assessment for unbound PFA in the Waste Protocols Project are compared to the results of equivalent risk assessments carried out using leachate data for PFA samples collected from the Barlow PFA storage mound at Drax Power Station. Current recommendations for an environmental code of practice for the construction of earthworks using PFA are considered in relation to the results of the generic risk assessments. A tiered methodology for the impact assessment, investigation and risk assessment to be adopted for the placement of PFA fill in large construction projects or within above ground storage mounds is presented. This methodology is intended to provide a framework for earthwork design engineers to use in order to ensure that a thorough assessment is made of the possible effects of PFA bulk fill earthworks or above ground storage mounds on the environment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Market orientation and marketing in nonprofit organizations. Indications for fundraising from Victoria
Authors: Brady Erica , Brace‐Govan Jan , Brennan Linda , Conduit Jodie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe effectiveness of a market orientation has been established in other parts of the world. Using a modified replication study of 401 nonprofit organizations from Victoria, this research took some initial steps to assess fundraising and marketing activities. Studies in Australia have usually focused on only one part of the Third Sector. This study takes a different view and uses a criteria sampling method to survey all 11 sections named by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The self‐reported data of fundraising activities showed that there were several choices available to all nonprofit organizations that can lead to an improvement in organizational performance. Results suggest that should nonprofit organizations have knowledge generating systems that evaluate their performance, this will improve outcomes for them. Even though organizational size is strongly linked to fundraising performance, there are key drivers that can aid even small organizations in their efforts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and mechanism of the pyridinolysis of N‐aryl‐P,P‐diphenyl phosphinic amides in dimethyl sulfoxide
Authors: Guha Arun Kanti , Kim Chan Kyung , Lee Hai Whang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractKinetic studies for the reactions of Z‐N‐aryl‐P,P‐diphenyl phosphinic amides with X‐pyridines have been carried out in dimethyl sulfoxide at 85.0 °C. The two strong π‐acceptor substituents, X = 4‐Ac and 4‐CN in the X‐pyridine, exhibit positive deviations from both the Hammett and Brönsted plots. The Hammett plots for substituent Z variations are anomalously biphasic concave upwards with a break point at Z = H, and the sign of ρZ changes from negative for electron‐donating to positive for electron‐withdrawing substituents Z in the leaving group. The negative sign of the cross‐interaction constants (ρXZ) for both electron‐donating (large magnitude of ρXZ = −1.54) and ‐withdrawing (ρXZ = −0.27) substituents Z indicates that the reaction proceeds through a concerted mechanism. These results are indicative of frontside and backside nucleophilic attacks at the P reaction center for electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing substituents Z, respectively. The poor leaving group mobility of NHPhZ yields the change of the nucleophilic attacking direction, resulting in biphasic concave upwards Hammett plots for substituent Z variations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and properties of novel phosphorus‐containing thermotropic liquid crystalline copoly(ester imide)s
Authors: Serbezeanu Diana , Vlad‐Bubulac Tachita , Hamciuc Corneliu , Aflori Magdalena 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA series of novel phosphorus‐containing polyesterimides were prepared from diols—a mixture of a new aromatic phosphorus‐containing bisphenol, namely 1,4‐bis[N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)phthalimidyl‐5‐carboxylate]‐2‐(6‐oxido‐6H‐dibenz<c,e><1,2>oxaphosphorin‐6‐yl)‐naphtalene, with aliphatic diols such as 1,3‐propanediol, 1,4‐butanediol, 1,5‐pentanediol, 1,6‐hexanediol, and 1,12‐dodecanediol—and an aromatic diacid chloride containing two preformed ester groups, namely terephthaloyl‐bis‐(4‐oxibenzoyl‐chloride), via high‐temperature polycondensation in o‐dichlorobenzene. The structures of monomers and polymers were verified by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The molar ratio of aromatic bisphenol to aliphatic diol was varied to generate a series of copolyesterimides with tailored physicochemical properties, structure–properties relationships being established. The effect of the phosphorus content on the thermal properties and the flame retardancy was evaluated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), TGA–FTIR, and scanning electron microscopy. The polymers were stable up to 340 °C showing a 5% weight loss in the range of 340–395 °C and a 10% weight loss in the range of 370–415 °C. The char yields at 700 °C were in the range of 13.6–38% increasing with the content of phosphorus‐containing bisphenol. The effect of the aliphatic content on the liquid crystalline behavior was investigated by polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. The transition temperatures from crystal to liquid crystalline melt were in the range of 209–308 °C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010