bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio‐degradation of a resorbable collagen membrane (Bio‐Gide®) applied in a double‐layer technique in rats
Authors: Kozlovsky Avital , Aboodi Guy , Moses Ofer , Tal Haim , Artzi Zvi , Weinreb Miron , Nemcovsky Carlos E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate histologically the bio‐degradation of two layers of Bio‐Gide® (BG) membrane, as compared with that of a single layer.Material and methods: Two circular calvarial bony defects, 5 mm in diameter, were made in 24 Wistar rats. BG membrane, labeled with biotin, was cut into 5‐mm‐diameter disks, and placed in defects either as a mono‐layer membrane (MLM) or as a double‐layer membrane (DLM). Rats were sacrificed after 4 or 9 weeks and histology was performed. Membranes were stained with horseradish peroxidase‐conjugated streptavidin and aminoethyl carbazole as a substrate for detection of biotinylated collagen. The area of collagen and thickness of the residual membranes were measured by image analysis software. Statistical analysis was performed using the non‐parametric Wilcoxon's signed‐ranks test.Results: At 4‐week collagen area per measurement window within the DLM sites (0.09±0.05 mm2) was significantly greater (P<0.01) than that in the MLM sites (0.047±0.034 mm2). At 9 weeks, the collagen area was also greater in the DLM sites (0.037±0.026 mm2) compared with that of the MLM sites (0.025±0.016 mm2); however, this difference did not reach statistical significance. The rate of membrane degradation, calculated as percent membrane lost compared with baseline, was similar for the DLM and MLM at both time points (∼60% at 4 weeks and ∼80% at 9 weeks). In addition, the residual DLM thickness at 4 weeks (475.5±73.77 μm) was significantly (P<0.01) greater than that of MLM (262.38±48.01 μm). At 9 weeks, membrane thickness was also greater in the DLM sites (318.22±70.45 μm) compared with that of the MLM sites (183.32±26.72 μm); however, this difference did not reach statistical significance. The reduction in thickness between 4 and 9 weeks was 30% for MLM and 33% for DLM.Discussion: The use of a double layer of BG membrane results in a barrier of increased collagen area and thickness, compared with application of a single layer.
Patient‐centered outcome of immediately loaded implants in the rehabilitation of fully edentulous jaws
Authors: Dierens Melissa , Collaert Bruno , Deschepper Ellen , Browaeys Hilde , Klinge Björn , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIntroduction: Edentulism often involves functional, esthetic, phonetic and psychological problems.Objectives: To evaluate patient‐centered outcomes of full‐arch screw‐retained rehabilitation on immediately loaded implants.Material and methods: Fifty patients treated with Astra Tech™ implants answered self‐administered questionnaires on a visual analogue scale (VAS) 100 mm scale or with multiple‐choice or open questions: at baseline, 1 week, 3 or 6 months and 1 year. Changes of VAS in time were analyzed using mixed models for repeated measures, adjusting for gender, age and jaw; comparison of cross‐sectional parameters between jaws was performed with the Mann–Whitney U‐ or χ2‐test, all at the 0.05 significance level.Results: The median calculated general satisfaction score increased from 40.25 (mean=40.9; SD=23.82; range=0–95) at baseline to 98.25 (mean=95.3; SD=6.68; range=74–100) after 1 year. Overall comfort, eating comfort, speaking comfort and perceived esthetics improved significantly within 1 week after surgery and immediate provisionalization. This did not change significantly until the final bridge was installed after 3 months (mandible) or 6 months (maxilla), when a further significant improvement was demonstrated. The most common postoperative complication was swelling, especially in the maxilla. The importance of one‐stage surgery and immediate loading was rated very high by patients before treatment, especially in the mandible. The main reason for choosing fixed prosthetics was eating comfort. Phonetics and esthetics were more important in the maxilla than in the mandible.Conclusion: Immediate full‐arch rehabilitation yeilds an instant significant improvement in general patient satisfaction and self‐perceived factors related to comfort, function and esthetics. Eating comfort is the main concern for the patient and shows the highest improvement. Postoperative complications are limited and patients considered immediate loading important.
Microflora associated with successful and failed orthodontic mini‐implants
Authors: Apel Stephanie , Apel Christian , Morea Camillo , Tortamano André , Dominguez Gladys Cristina , Conrads Georg 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives: Mini‐implants are used for orthodontic bone anchorage. The reasons for a potential instability or loss of the mini‐implants during treatment are multiple. Among other factors, colonization of implants with pathogenic bacteria is discussed. Therefore, the microflora associated with successful and failed mini‐implants has been screened.Material and methods: A total of 76 mini‐implants collected from 25 patients were observed during regular orthodontic treatment. Bacterial samples of eight failed and – exemplarily – four successful (control) cases were subjected to a universal Bacteria‐directed real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for quantification in combination with a microarray‐based identification of 20 selected species.Results: The failure rate in the present investigation was 10.5%. The bacterial analysis did not reveal any major difference in the total amount or species composition between control and failed mini‐implants. However, Actinomyces viscosus was found in four (100%) and Campylobacter gracilis in three (75%) stable controls, whereas both species were rarely found (12.5%) in failed implants.Conclusions: In the present study, the peri‐implant sulcus surrounding failed orthodontic mini‐implants did not show a specific aggressive bacterial flora.
Bone augmentation ability of autogenous bone graft particles with different sizes: a histological and micro‐computed tomography study
Authors: Kon Kazuhiro , Shiota Makoto , Ozeki Maho , Yamashita Yasuo , Kasugai Shohei 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the augmentation process and ability of autogenous bone graft particles of two different sizes in a vertical augmentation chamber.Material and methods: The cranial bones of 24 rabbits were used. Two polytetrafluoroethylene chambers were filled with harvested bone from tibia with small bone (SB; 150–400 μm) and large bone (LB; 1.0–2.0 mm) of the same weight. Animals were sacrificed after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The samples were analyzed by micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) for quantitative analysis, and embedded in polyester resin as non‐decalcified specimens for histological analysis. Total bone volume (TBV), bone height (BH) and distribution of bone structure were calculated by micro‐CT.Results: Micro‐CT evaluation and histology revealed a significant difference between the investigated specimens. TBV and BH of SB decreased to about 50% of the initial situation, and there was a statistically significant difference between 1 and 8 weeks. In contrast, TBV and BH of LB were almost retained at all experimental time points. Significant differences in TBV and BH were also observed between LB and SB at 8 weeks. Bone volume of SB decreased predominantly in the upper half of the chamber at 4 and 8 weeks. In the histological observations, SB showed favorable new bone formation and rapid bone resorption in a time‐dependent manner during the entire experimental period. However, LB exhibited favorable morphological stability and continued new bone formation.Conclusion:SB follows a smooth osteogenic process, whereas it is not effective in volume augmentation. LB is superior to SB in augmentation ability.
Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 on bone formation in the acute distraction osteogenesis of rat mandibles
Authors: Issa João Paulo Mardegan , Do Nascimento Cássio , Lamano Teresa , Iyomasa Mamie Mizusaki , Sebald Walter , De Albuquerque Jr Rubens Ferreira 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a method of producing new bone directly from the osteotomy site by gradual traction of the divided bone fragments.Aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate histomorphometrically whether acute DO would constitute a viable alternative to the conventional continuous distraction treatment and also to verify the capacity of a recombinant human BMP (rhBMP‐2) associated with monoolein gel to stimulate bone formation in the acute distraction process.Materials and methods: Forty‐eight Wistar rats were assigned to three groups: Group 1, treated at a conventional continuous distraction rate (0.5 mm/day), Group 2, treated with acute distraction of 2.5 mm at the time of the surgical procedure, and Group 3, subjected to acute distraction associated with rhBMP‐2. The animals from each experimental group were killed at the end of the second or fourth post‐operative weeks and the volume fraction of newly formed bone trabeculae was estimated in histological images by a differential point‐counting method.Results: The results showed that after 2 and 4 weeks, bone volumes in the rhBMP‐2 group were significantly higher than in the other groups (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the volume fraction of newly formed bone between the continuous and acute DO groups.Conclusion: In conclusion, the study indicates that rhBMP‐2 can enhance the bone formation at acute DO, which may potentially reduce the treatment period and complications related to the distraction procedure.
HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS analysis of body odor to test the efficacy of foot deodorant formulations
Authors: Caroprese Alessandro , Gabbanini Simone , Beltramini Claudia , Lucchi Elena , Valgimigli Luca 
Published: August 2009

Background/purpose: Foot malodor is mostly due to short‐chain fatty acids produced by bacterial metabolism of eccrine sweating. We aimed to develop a protocol for an objective (instrumental) efficacy evaluation of foot deodorant formulations.Methods: Head‐space solid‐phase microextractions of target fatty acids from the feet of six healthy volunteers were analyzed by GC‐MS. A comparative analysis of the treated vs. the untreated foot was performed in each subject after washing the feet with a physiologic solution and incubating at 36 °C for 24–72 h in tryptic soy agar growth medium.Results: Acetic, butyric, isobutyric and isovaleric acids were identified as the main contributors to foot malodor in the majority of volunteers. Propionic, valeric and isocaproic acids were also detected in some subjects. Comparative analysis according to the protocol developed showed a statistically significant (P<0.01) reduction of target fatty acids ranging from −26.6% to −77.0%.Conclusion: The protocol developed is a convenient, sensitive and non‐invasive method to test the efficacy of foot deodorant formulations in human volunteers.
Preschool children in need of special support: prevalence of traditional disability categories and functional difficulties
Authors: Lillvist A , Granlund M 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAim:  To investigate the prevalence of children who are in need of special support in the total population of children attending preschools (CA 1–6) in two Swedish counties, and the functional problems exhibited by the children in relation to demographical and environmental factors in the preschool context.Method:  Survey distributed to (N = 1138) preschools in two Swedish counties.Results:  The majority of children perceived by preschool teachers and in need of special support were undiagnosed children with functional difficulties related to speech, language and interaction with peers.Conclusion:  Undiagnosed and diagnosed children share the same type of difficulties. Thus, in estimating the prevalence of children in need of special support in a preschool context, traditional disability categories capture only a small proportion of the children experiencing difficulties. Therefore, a functional approach in studies of children in need of special support is recommended.
Species‐specific disturbance tolerance, competition and positive interactions along an anthropogenic disturbance gradient
Authors: Villarreal‐Barajas Tania , Martorell Carlos 
Published: August 2009

AbstractQuestion:As it has been found that stress promotes positive interactions mediated by physical amelioration of the environment, is it possible that interactions may turn positive with increasing chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD) intensity? Also, is it possible that species that do not tolerate disturbance may require environmental amelioration by their neighbours in disturbed areas, whereas tolerant species may not?Location:The semi‐arid grassland in Concepción Buenavista, Oaxaca, southern Mexico.Methods:We assessed interaction intensity and importance through a neighbour removal experiment along a CAD gradient for three species differing in disturbance tolerance. Water potential was monitored on vegetated and bare soil.Results:A shift from competitive effects in low CAD sites to positive interactions in degraded sites was found. The disturbance‐tolerant species did not respond to CAD, whereas the less tolerant species changed its interactions drastically in terms of growth and reproduction. The species with medium tolerance had an intermediate response. Neighbours promoted germination in all species. Vegetation removal reduced soil humidity.Conclusions:Positive interactions seemingly resulted from the amelioration of the abiotic stresses induced by vegetation removal. The dependence on neighbours to germinate, grow, or reproduce suggests that if CAD eliminates the plant cover, vegetation will hardly recover. Irreversible changes are known to occur in communities where positive interactions predominate, but CAD may set the conditions for irreversible shifts even in communities where interactions are normally competitive.
Attitudes Toward Guidelines in Finnish Primary Care Nursing: A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Alanen Seija , Kaila Minna , Välimäki Maritta ,   for the ECCE Study Group
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT Background: Evidence‐based clinical guidelines have attracted international interest as tools for improving the quality of health care. Attitudes toward these guidelines are of great importance because attitudes are proven to be important predictors of guideline use. Attitudes are also believed to be shaped by perceptions of others, which makes the role of organizational implementation interventions interesting. Aims: This article describes primary care nurses’ attitudes toward guidelines among Finnish primary care nurses and the associations between attitudes, implementation interventions, and guideline use. Methods: This study was a cross‐sectional survey using postal questionnaires. Participants (N = 409) were primary care nurses working in outpatient services of primary health care centers in Finland. They were selected for the study from two groups of Finnish health centers representing contrasting implementation styles, for example, disseminator and implementer health centers (N = 32). Results: Responses were received from 327 nurses. In general, nurses’ attitudes toward guidelines were positive, especially those concerning the reliability and usefulness of guidelines. The utilization of any implementation intervention included in the questionnaire was associated with more positive attitudes. In addition, nurses working in health centers that used an active implementation strategy as opposed to a disseminator strategy also felt that others in their organization rated the guidelines more positively and that guidelines were more easily available. Further, nurses who were familiar or very familiar with the guidelines had more positive attitudes toward them. Attitudes were also associated with self‐reported guideline use. Conclusions: The evidence‐based guidelines were accepted as a reliable source of advice in patient care in Finnish primary care. It seems that implementation interventions improve attitudes toward guidelines and enhance guideline use. These interventions might also be important from another point of view; they presumably improve familiarity with guidelines, which was also associated with guideline use.
Relationship between assertiveness and burnout among nurse managers
Authors: SUZUKI Eiko , SAITO Miyuki , TAGAYA Akira , MIHARA Rieko , MARUYAMA Akiko , AZUMA Tomomi , SATO Chifumi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAim: We aimed to clarify the relationship between assertiveness and burnout among nurse managers at university hospitals.Methods: The directors at three university hospitals agreed to cooperate with our study. During a one‐month period from May to June 2007, a self‐administered questionnaire was distributed to 203 nurse managers (head and sub‐head nurses). The Japanese version of the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (J‐RAS) and the Japanese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were used as scales. Burnout was operationally defined as a total MBI score in the highest tertile.Results: Valid responses were obtained from 172 nurse managers. The mean J‐RAS score of the burnout group (−14.3) was significantly lower than that of the non‐burnout group (−3.3). Responses about work experience and age showed no significant group difference. Total MBI score was inversely correlated with J‐RAS score (R = −0.30,P < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated a decrease in the risk of burnout by 26% (0.74 times) for every 10 point increase in the J‐RAS score, and by 60% (0.40 times) for greater satisfaction with own care provision.Conclusions: The results suggest that increasing assertiveness and satisfaction with own care provision contributes to preventing burnout among Japanese nurse managers.
BROWNING DEVELOPMENT IN WINE‐LIKE LIQUID MODEL MATRICES: DEPENDENCE ON PHENOLIC, FE(III) AND SO2 CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: GALUSKA SERGIU , MAKRIS DIMITRIS P. , KEFALAS PANAGIOTIS 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT The development of browning as a function of basic compositional parameters, including phenolics, Fe

3+
and SO2, was studied on the basis of white wine‐like model matrices. The influence of these three factors was approached through the implementation of a 23 full factorial design and response surface methodology. The model implemented produced a satisfactory fitting of the data (R2 = 0.94, P = 0.0136). The second order equation that was extracted out of the model indicated that the concentration of the phenolic substrate is the major determinant in the onset of A420 (browning), whereas the role of either Fe3+ or SO2 was less pronounced. The outcome of the study was discussed with regard to the applicability of the model established on more complex mixtures and real matrices (white wines).PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSBrowning development during storage of white wines is a serious defect, with important consequences to the quality and eventually the marketability of these commodities. To date, the examinations pertaining to the clarification of factors that can affect browning were based on rather unilateral assessment, while it is generally accepted that browning depends on several compositional parameters, which render the phenomenon a particular complexity. In this view, the implementation of factorial design with respect to investigating in parallel several factors pertaining to browning development becomes imminent. Thus, the establishment of models on such a sound experimental basis is expected to provide a reliable background for more accurate and thorough evaluation, with a potential direct industrial applicability.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND WATER ACTIVITY ON THE SORPTION HEAT OF WHEY AND YOGURT POWDER SPRAY WITHIN THE TEMPERATURE RANGE 20–40C
Authors: STENCL JIRI , JANSTOVA BOHUMILA , DRACKOVA MICHAELA 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT Moisture sorption isotherms of whey and yogurt powder spray in the temperature range of 20–40C and water activity from 0.4 to 0.99 were determined using gravimetric method. Five sorption models were evaluated. The Henderson's and Chung–Pfost's equation gave the best fit for sorption data of whey and yogurt powder spray, respectively. The isosteric heat of sorption was defined and then calculated using corresponding sorption model and Clausius–Clapeyron equation. An exponential function fitted the experimental heat of sorption values at various moisture contents (MCs) for both milk powder products. The curves on diagrams show that the sorption heat decreases when the MC is increased. Calculated values decreased, 47.03 kJ/mol and 46.37 kJ/mol for whey and yogurt powder spray, respectively, to the values approaching the heat of vaporization of pure water. Values of the heat of desorption were higher than those of adsorption; the difference increases with the MC decrease. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSHeat of sorption is a valuable tool for food scientists and technologists because it shows, usually in a graphical form, the energy consumption for water desorption and adsorption in the specific temperature range and furthermore the temperature dependence of water activity (Aw). Values of heat of sorption, which approach the heat of vaporization of pure water, are also indicative of free moisture content (MC) in the material. Whey and yogurt powder spray are important spray dryer products. They are significant export articles, too. The minimal storage time of these foods is commonly longer than 1 year. To guarantee the long‐term quality of these spray dryer products means to analyze and to monitor in practice their basic thermodynamic parameters such as Aw and temperature or heat of sorption, MC and parameters of near ambient air, too.
RECOVERY OF PROTEINS FROM SILVER CARP BY‐PRODUCTS WITH ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS AND REDUCTION OF BITTERNESS IN HYDROLYSATE
Authors: DUAN ZHEN‐HUA , WANG JU‐LAN , YI MEI‐HUA , YIN AN‐QI 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT The by‐products of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) filleting were hydrolyzed to extract protein to reduce the environmental problems caused by the wastes from filleting and to increase the economical values of silver carp processing. Enzymatic hydrolysis of silver carp by‐products from filleting and subsequent mechanism research of bitterness reduction in hydrolysate were performed in this paper. First, the effects of various enzymatic treatments with neutral protease, papain, protamex, Flavourzyme, neutrase and papain combination (NPC) and neutrase and flavourzyme combination (NFC) protease on the degree of hydrolysis (DH), the degree of solubilization of protein and the bitter taste value were compared; the NFC was found to be the best. Second, on the basis of orthogonal tests, the optimal hydrolysis condition was done with 0.5% of the NFC at pH 7.5 and 50C. Finally, the effects of two pretreatments including heating and fat removing on DH were investigated. Results showed that these two pretreatments were not beneficial to enzymatic hydrolysis of silver carp by‐products.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMore than 50% of total fishery products were discarded as inedible by‐products every year in China. We have developed a technology for recovery of proteins from the by‐products of silver carp filleting using enzymatic hydrolysis. The degree of solubilization of protein was 82.4% and bitter taste value of hydrolysates was less than 1.0 (meaning hardly any bitterness). The technology can not only save the valued protein resources in the by‐products of fish processing but can also be used to process other similar fish by‐products to reduce the environmental problems caused by the wastes from filleting through being improved slightly, and increase the economical values of fishery products processing.