bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tables or Bar Graphs? Presenting Test Results in Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Brewer Noel T. , Gilkey Melissa B. , Lillie Sarah E. , Hesse Bradford W. , Sheridan Stacey L. 
Published: April 2012

Background Electronic personal health records offer a promising way to communicate medical test results to patients. We compared the usability of tables and horizontal bar graphs for presenting medical test results electronically. Methods We conducted experiments with a convenience sample of 106 community-dwelling adults. In the first experiment, participants viewed either table or bar graph formats (between subjects) that presented medical test results with normal and abnormal findings. In a second experiment, participants viewed table and bar graph formats (within subjects) that presented test results with normal, borderline, and abnormal findings. Results Participants required less viewing time when using bar graphs rather than tables. This overall difference was due to superior performance of bar graphs in vignettes with many test results. Bar graphs and tables performed equally well with regard to recall accuracy and understanding. In terms of ease of use, participants did not prefer bar graphs to tables when they viewed only one format. When participants viewed both formats, those with experience with bar graphs preferred bar graphs, and those with experience with tables found bar graphs equally easy to use. Preference for bar graphs was strongest when viewing tests with borderline results. Conclusions Compared to horizontal bar graphs, tables required more time and experience to achieve the same results, suggesting that tables can be a more burdensome format to use. The current practice of presenting medical test results in a tabular format merits reconsideration.
Activated expression of the chemokine Mig after chemotherapy contributes to chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression and lethal toxicity
Authors: Lu Huili , Zhu Shunying , Qian Lan , Xiang Di , Zhang Wu , Nie Aifang , Gao Jin , Wu Mingyuan , Gao Jinming , Lu Bao , Yu Yan , Han Wei , Moldenhauer Anja 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAlterations in gene expression after chemotherapy may potentially help to identify mediators that induce suppression or regeneration in bone marrow. This paper reports our observation that the expression of the chemokine monokine induced by IFN-γ (Mig) and its receptor CXCR3 was significantly activated in mice after treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The neutralization of antibodies against the activated Mig increased the survival rate and accelerated BM recovery after chemotherapy. In addition, elevation of Mig plasma levels after 5-FU treatment corresponded with increased mortality. The cell cycle–inhibiting effect of the prophylactic administration of Mig protected hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) from 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine in spleen colony assays and enhanced the irradiated recipients' survival. In CXCR3−/− mice, Mig did not propagate BM suppression, indicating that the suppressive effect of Mig is dependent on CXCR3. On the one hand, Mig stimulated p70 S6K and Erk1/2 pathways in mesenchymal stroma cells, inhibiting mesenchymal stroma cell–dependent HPC expansion. Moreover, Mig suppressed the STAT5 pathway in HPCs, inhibiting leukocyte differentiation. Our results strongly suggest that Mig contributes to the acute lethal toxicity arising from 5-FU administration. Neutralization of Mig may offer new strategies to alleviate BM toxicity with potentially dramatic implications for chemotherapy.
The ion channel transient receptor potential melastatin-2 does not play a role in inflammatory mouse models of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
Authors: Hardaker Liz , Bahra Parmjit , de Billy Benjamin Cochin , Freeman Mark , Kupfer Natalia , Wyss Daniel , Trifilieff Alexandre 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
There is strong evidence that oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The transient receptor potential melastatin-2 (TRPM2) is an oxidative stress sensing channel that is expressed in a number of inflammatory cells and therefore it has been suggested that inhibition of TRPM2 could lead to a beneficial effect in COPD patients. In this study, we have investigated the role of TRPM2 in a variety of mouse models of oxidative stress and COPD using TRPM2-deficent mice.

Methods
Mice were exposed to ozone (3 ppm for 4 h) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.3 mg/kg, intranasaly). In another model, mice were exposed to tobacco smoke (750 μg/l total wet particulate matter) for 30 min twice a day on three consecutive days. For the exacerbation model, the smoke exposure on the morning of day 3 animals was replaced with intranasal administration of LPS (0.3 mg/kg). Animals were killed 3 and 24 h after the challenge (ozone and LPS model) or 18 h after the last tobacco smoke exposure. In vitro neutrophil chemotaxis and monocyte activation were also studied using cells isolated from wild type and TRPM2-deficient animals. Statistical significance for the in vivo data (P < 0.05) was determined using analysis of variance with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunns multiple comparison test.

Results
In all models studied, no difference in the bronchoalveolar lavage inflammation could be evidenced when comparing wild type and TRPM2-deficient mice. In addition, no difference could be seen in the lung inflammation as assessed by the measurement of various cytokines/chemokines. Similarly in various in vitro cellular activation assays using isolated neutrophils and monocytes no significant differences could be observed when comparing wild type and TRPM2-deficient mice.

Discussion
We have shown, in all the models tested, no difference in the development of airway inflammation or cell activation between TRPM2-deficient mice and their wild type counterparts. These results would suggest that inhibiting TRPM2 activity in COPD would have no anti-inflammatory effect.
Synthesis of PbS/EuS Core/Shell Nanocrystals
Authors: Nakashima Takuya , Nakao Hiroki , Tanaka Atsushi , Hasegawa Yasuchika , Kawai Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The synthesis of nonmagnetic/magnetic PbS/EuS core/shell nanocrystals (NCs) has been demonstrated. PbS NCs were deposited by EuS layer via thermal decomposition of the single-source precursor, Eu(III)–dithiocarbamate complex, giving PbS/EuS core/shell NCs.
Nonhemimaximal degrees and the high/low hierarchy
Authors: Chengling Fang , Guohua Wu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAfter showing the downwards density of nonhemimaximal degrees, Downey and Stob continued to prove that the existence of a low2, but not low, nonhemimaximal degree, and their proof uses the fact that incomplete m-topped degrees are low2 but not low. As commented in their paper, the construction of such a nonhemimaximal degree is actually a primitive 0‴ argument. In this paper, we give another construction of such degrees, which is a standard 0″-argument, much simpler than Downey and Stob's construction mentioned above.
A Prospective Study of the Association Between Quantity and Variety of Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cooper Andrew J. , Sharp Stephen J. , Lentjes Marleen A.H. , Luben Robert N. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nicholas J. , Forouhi Nita G. 
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE
The association between quantity of fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not clear, and the relationship with variety of intake is unknown. The current study examined the association of both quantity and variety of F&V intake and risk of T2D.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We examined the 11-year incidence of T2D in relation to quantity and variety of fruit, vegetables, and combined F&V intake in a case-cohort study of 3,704 participants (n = 653 diabetes cases) nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk study, who completed 7-day prospective food diaries. Variety of intake was derived from the total number of different items consumed in a 1-week period. Multivariable, Prentice-weighted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.

RESULTS
A greater quantity of combined F&V intake was associated with 21% lower hazard of T2D (HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.62–1.00]) comparing extreme tertiles, in adjusted analyses including variety. Separately, quantity of vegetable intake (0.76 [0.60–0.97]), but not fruit, was inversely associated with T2D in adjusted analysis. Greater variety in fruit (0.70 [0.53–0.91]), vegetable (0.77 [0.61–0.98]), and combined F&V (0.61 [0.48–0.78]) intake was associated with a lower hazard of T2D, independent of known confounders and quantity of intake comparing extreme tertiles.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that a diet characterized by a greater quantity of vegetables and a greater variety of both F&V intake is associated with a reduced risk of T2D.
The Impact of Plant Shaping on Aphid Behavior
Authors: Cichocka Elżbieta , Lubiarz Magdalena 
Published: April 2012

The Impact of Plant Shaping on Aphid BehaviorThe paper provides a review of the studies focusing on the impact of plant trimming and pruning (especially in tree rows) and tree crown formation (in orchards and urban greenery) on the bionomy and number of aphids and some other hemipterans. The fresh, succulent shoots which appear after any trimming and pruning provide aphids with "eternal spring" conditions,i.e.the availability of young leaves and shoots preferred by aphids as a source of nutrition. The majority of aphid species acquiring nutrition from leaves feed on the top shoots. People shape garden greenery, forming beautiful, decorative tree crowns. Some shoots in orchards are regularly cut off; sometimes even apple trees are planted in rows. Instead of building traditional fences, hedges are planted and regularly trimmed. Trimmed plants have fresh, succulent shoots, which are an attractive source of nutrition for many aphids. Large numbers of aphids inhabit these rejuvenated plants. Cutting and trimming of plants often have an impact not only on the number of aphids, but also on their bionomy.
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF): Its Mechanisms and Effects on Range of Motion and Muscular Function
Authors: Hindle Kayla , Whitcomb Tyler , Briggs Wyatt , Hong Junggi 
Published: April 2012

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF): Its Mechanisms and Effects on Range of Motion and Muscular Function
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is common practice for increasing range of motion, though little research has been done to evaluate theories behind it. The purpose of this study was to review possible mechanisms, proposed theories, and physiological changes that occur due to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. Four theoretical mechanisms were identified: autogenic inhibition, reciprocal inhibition, stress relaxation, and the gate control theory. The studies suggest that a combination of these four mechanisms enhance range of motion. When completed prior to exercise, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation decreases performance in maximal effort exercises. When this stretching technique is performed consistently and post exercise, it increases athletic performance, along with range of motion. Little investigation has been done regarding the theoretical mechanisms of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, though four mechanisms were identified from the literature. As stated, the main goal of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is to increase range of motion and performance. Studies found both of these to be true when completed under the correct conditions. These mechanisms were found to be plausible; however, further investigation needs to be conducted. All four mechanisms behind the stretching technique explain the reasoning behind the increase in range of motion, as well as in strength and athletic performance. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation shows potential benefits if performed correctly and consistently.
Nuklearmedizin in Europa
Authors: Hellwig D. , Freudenberg L. S. , Mottaghy F. M. , Franzius C. , Krause T. , Garai I. , Biermann M. , Grüning T. , Leitha T. , Gotthardt M. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThe technical developments that have taken place in the preceding years (PET, hybrid imaging) have changed nuclear medicine. The future cooperation with radiologists will be challenging as well as positioning nuclear medicine in an European context. It can also be expected that education in nuclear medicine will undergo a harmonization process in the states of the European Union.In this paper, we describe how nuclear medicine education is organized in several European countries. We aim to stimulate constructive discussions on the future development of the specialization in nuclear medicine in Germany.
The Combination of Relay and Cooperative Catalysis with a Gold/Palladium/Brønsted Acid Ternary System for the Cascade Hydroamination/Allylic Alkylation Reaction
Authors: Wu Hua , He Yu‐Ping , Gong Liu‐Zhu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe combination of relay and cooperative catalysis with a gold/palladium/Brønsted acid ternary system renders a cascade hydroamination/allylic alkylation reaction to provide an unprecedented entry to pyrrolidine derivatives in high yields.
From Sophorose Lipids to Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Hoffmann Natalie , Pietruszka Jörg , Söffing Christoph 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSophorose lipids (SL) are a readily available, scalable source for the disaccharide sophorose: In a four‐step sequence the crude product from the fermentation broth was converted to key disaccharide donors 7 that were further utilized in the synthesis of natural products Ebracteatoside C, Zizybeoside I and phenethyl glycoside. While the aglycones for Zizybeoside I and the phenethyl glycoside are commercially available simple primary alcohols, the synthesis of Ebrateatoside C required a secondary allylic alcohol (R)‐6‐hydroxyoct‐7‐enyl acetate. The enantiomerically pure secondary alcohol was synthesized in two steps using an alcohol dehydrogenase‐catalysed reduction as the key step.
Retrospective comparison of filgrastim plus plerixafor to other regimens for remobilization after primary mobilization failure: Clinical and economic outcomes
Authors: Perkins Janelle B. , Shapiro Jamie F. , Bookout Ryan N. , Yee Gary C. , Anasetti Claudio , Janssen William E. , Fernandez Hugo F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate clinical and economic outcomes in patients receiving remobilization therapy after primary mobilization failure. Our primary endpoint was to compare filgrastim plus plerixafor to other regimens in their ability to collect a target cell dose of at least 2 million CD34+ cells/kg (cumulative). Of 96 consecutive patients who failed their primary mobilization therapy and in whom a second mobilization was attempted, remobilization consisted of filgrastim plus plerixafor (n = 38), filgrastim with or without sargramostim (n = 43), or chemotherapy plus filgrastim (n = 15), 84% of filgrastim/plerixafor patients were able to collect at least 2 million CD34+ cells/kg from both mobilizations, compared to 60% of patients mobilized with chemotherapy/filgrastim and 79% of the filgrastim ± sargramostim patients (P = 0.17). However, when combined with cells collected from the first mobilization, 53% of filgrastim/plerixafor patients reached the target of 2 million CD34+ cells in one apheresis, compared to 20% of those receiving chemotherapy/filgrastim and 28% of those receiving filgrastim ± sargramostim (P = 0.02). Resource utilization, mobilization drug costs, clinical care costs, and total costs were significantly different. We conclude that while filgrastim/plerixafor is the most efficient remobilization strategy, those clinical benefits may not translate into lower cost, especially when multiple days of plerixafor administration are required. Am. J. Hematol. 87:673–677, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anti–high mobility group box‐1 antibody therapy for traumatic brain injury
Authors: Okuma Yu , Liu Keyue , Wake Hidenori , Zhang Jiyong , Maruo Tomoko , Date Isao , Yoshino Tadashi , Ohtsuka Aiji , Otani Naoki , Tomura Satoshi , Shima Katsuji , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Takahashi Hideo K. , Mori Shuji , Nishibori Masahiro 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective:High mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) plays an important role in triggering inflammatory responses in many types of diseases. In this study, we examined the involvement of HMGB1 in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and evaluated the ability of intravenously administered neutralizing anti‐HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to attenuate brain injury.Methods:Traumatic brain injury was induced in rats or mice by fluid percussion. Anti‐HMGB1 mAb or control mAb was administered intravenously after TBI.Results:Anti‐HMGB1 mAb remarkably inhibited fluid percussion‐induced brain edema in rats, as detected by T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging; this was associated with inhibition of HMGB1 translocation, protection of blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity, suppression of inflammatory molecule expression, and improvement of motor function. In contrast, intravenous injection of recombinant HMGB1 dose‐dependently produced the opposite effects. Experiments using receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE)−/−, toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR4)−/−, and TLR2−/− mice suggested the involvement of RAGE as the predominant receptor for HMGB1.Interpretation:Anti‐HMGB1 mAb may provide a novel and effective therapy for TBI by protecting against BBB disruption and reducing the inflammatory responses induced by HMGB1. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:373–384
Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems with Filtered Lyapunov Functions and Feedback Passivation
Authors: Battilotti Stefano 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this paper a generalized class of filtered Lyapunov functions is introduced, which are Lyapunov functions with time‐varying parameters satisfying certain differential equations. Filtered Lyapunov functions have the same stability properties as Lyapunov functions. Tools are given for designing composite filtered Lyapunov functions for cascaded systems. These functions are used to design globally stabilizing dynamic feedback laws for block‐feedforward systems with stabilizable linear approximation.
Statische Lastannahmen für absturzsichernde Bauteile im Hochbau
Authors: Rimböck Robert , Eierle Benno 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden die aktuellen und zukünftigen technischen Regeln für Lastannahmen auf absturzsichernde Bauteile vergleichend dargestellt. Dieses vermeintlich einfache Thema weist bei genauerer Betrachtung einige Besonderheiten, Regelungslücken bzw. Regelungsüberschneidungen auf. Auch der Ausblick auf die zukünftige Normengeneration zeigt für die Praxis relevante Veränderungen. Dieser Artikel konzentriert sich auf die linienförmigen Horizontallasten (Holmlasten) und wurde in erster Linie als Leitfaden für den Tragwerksplaner konzipiert. In einem weiteren Beitrag werden die Stoßlasten behandelt.Loadings for barriers for building constructionsIn this article are represented the comparison of the actual and future technical standards and rules for building parts which prevent persons from falling down. This supposed easy topic gives us by closer reflection many characteristics, gaps and overlappings in the regulations. The forecast of the future standards shows for the practical use many substantially changes. This article is concentrating on the horizontal uniformly distributed line loads and should serve as a guideline for the structural engineer. A further article will be about impact loading.
Der späte Zwang als unterschätzter – aber maßgebender – Lastfall für die Bemessung
Authors: Meier Andreas 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDie Bemessung von Stahlbetongründungsplatten erfolgt in der Praxis “quasi traditionell” oftmals lediglich für den Lastfall abfließende Hydratationswärme. Dabei werden in der statischen Berechnung bei der Ermittlung der erforderlichen Bewehrungsmenge zur Begrenzung der Rissbreite Annahmen und Vereinfachungen getroffen, die sich in der späteren Errichtung und Lebenszeit des Bauwerkes aber nicht wie angenommen darstellen. Eine Ursache, die zu einem Zeitpunkt oft deutlich nach Erstellung des Bauwerkes rissauslösend werden kann, ist der Lastfall später Zwang. Ziel des Beitrages ist es jedoch nicht, grundsätzlich zur Bemessung von Stahlbetongründungsplatten für den Lastfall später Zwang aufzufordern, sondern die Umgebungs‐ und Entstehungsbedingungen solcher Bauteile präziser in der statischen Berechnung zu erfassen. Hierzu werden im Folgenden einige Hinweise gegeben.The late restraint as an underestimated – but authoritative – load case in designThe design of reinforced concrete slabs for foundation often occurs in the traditional way, i. e. for the load case of effluent hydration heat only. For this purpose the static calculation of the amount of reinforcement needed for the limitation of the crack width bases on assumptions and simplifications which often differ from the actual conditions during the construction process and the service lifeof the structure. One cause that may provoke cracks a long time after finishing the construction is the load case of late restraint. However, it is not the intention of the author to generally propagate the design of reinforced concrete slabs for foundations on basis of this load case. In fact this paper shows a way in order to carry out the static calculations more precisely with regards to the respective characteristic environmental conditions of such structures during their construction process and service life. In the following some comments are given to this topic.
Kombinierte Radar‐ und Ultraschalluntersuchungen zum schadfreien Kernbohren im Zuge einer Verstärkung
Authors: Kind Thomas , Wöstmann Jens 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIm Rahmen von Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen an Spannbetonbrücken werden häufig Kernbohrungen durchgeführt, die die vorhandenen Spannbewehrungen nicht beschädigen dürfen. Die Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (ZfP) kann einen wesentlichen Beitrag leisten, das Risiko einer Beschädigung zu minimieren und somit eine bessere Planungssicherheit für die Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen zu schaffen. Typische ZfP‐Verfahren für das Auffinden von vorgespannter Bewehrung sind das Radar‐ und das Ultraschallverfahren. Am Beispiel der Ertüchtigung einer Brücke in Bremen wird die Vorgehensweise beschrieben, und es werden die Grenzen der Verfahren aufgezeigt.