bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Improved and Optimized Random Forest Based Approach to Predict the Software Faults
Authors: Thomas Nikhil Saji , Kaliraj S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEffective software fault prediction is crucial for minimizing errors during software development and preventing subsequent failures. This research introduces an enhanced Random Forest-based approach for predicting software faults, specifically focusing on the NASA JM1 dataset. The dataset comprises 21 software metrics indicating the presence or absence of faults in a module, and it is utilized to evaluate the proposed approach. The study delves into the intricacies of the NASA dataset, detailing the cleaning process and addressing class imbalance through Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). The core of our approach involves the implementation and fine-tuning of the Random Forest classifier, with a specific focus on optimizing hyperparameters to enhance predictive accuracy. In comparative evaluations with standard machine learning models, our proposed approach demonstrated superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 82.96% and an F1 score of 89.53%. Notably, we emphasize the significance of software defects and their potential to cause failures and crashes during software development, leading to substantial organizational losses. The paper provides a comprehensive examination of different aspects of the machine learning model, offering detailed insights, examples, and illustrative figures to enhance the understanding of our proposed approach.
Spontaneous side-taking drives memory, empathy, and author attribution in conflict narratives
Authors: Woodward Claire , Hiskes Ben , Breithaupt Fritz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn two studies, we introduce the concept of spontaneous side-taking (SST) to describe how people initially align themselves in a conflict. The effects of side-taking in established conflicts are well studied, such as empathetic engagement and polarization. However, there is less known about how people spontaneously choose sides in situations without prior allegiances. To study these neglected effects of SST, we use two-character narratives to present participants with new conflicts in which they have no initial vested interest. These short narratives describe acts of aggression and detail the victimization of one character by another. Through two studies, we find: (1) victim characters receive greater attention and are remembered better; (2) victim characters receive more empathy; (3) victim characters are more likely to be viewed as the authors of conflict narratives; (4) and that side-taking flexibility diminishes after the first side-taking choice. This last finding means that there is a tendency for SST to stick over time. Overall, these findings demonstrate how victimization triggers and sustains side-taking in narratives by enhancing memory of and empathy for the victim.
Evaluation of plastic hinge length in RC shear wall connected with floor slabs
Authors: Kaushik S. , Dasgupta K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTraditionally, seismic design focuses on inelastic behavior at the base of isolated shear walls. Yet, in multistoried RC wall-frame buildings with interconnected shear walls and floor slabs, significant inelasticity occurs at wall-slab junctions. This interaction greatly enhances the structure's seismic capacity. Previous studies overlooked this interaction, concentrating instead on isolated walls. The extent of inelastic action in a wall connected with floor slabs has not been studied extensively in the past. In the present study, the extent of the zone of inelastic behavior is studied at the wall-slab junction region by carrying out displacement based nonlinear static analysis of the wall-slab assemblages under monotonic as well as cyclic loads. A parametric study is carried out by varying the wall panel aspect ratio and axial load on walls. It is observed that this interaction using nonlinear static analysis, revealing increased curvature demand and localized damages at the junctions. It is observed that the extent of tensile damage at the junction region remains consistent across different axial load levels at the maximum drift level. Analytical expressions for plastic hinge length are proposed, crucial for refining seismic design strategies. The plastic hinge equation derived from pushover analysis yields values approximately 1.34 times higher than those obtained from cyclic loading.
Colonialism and the Sovereignty of Peoples: A Dialogue between Hegel and the French Revolution
Authors: Baker Eduardo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article discusses the relation between colonialism and the sovereignty of peoples through a dialogue between Hegel and the thought of the French Revolution. These two sides are relevant to each other not only because of their historical proximity, but also because of the connections that can be established when we approach the topic of colonialism through these two manifestations. Hegel is explicit that his philosophy of history and his philosophy of right are supposed to be philosophies of freedom. Yet despite the importance that he lends to freedom, Hegel also explicitly defends, in the very same text, colonial domination when he deals with the relation between peoples. A similar problem had arisen in the course of the French Revolution. Following the declarations of war, France is confronted on various occasions with the question of how to deal with other peoples and countries. With the foundation of the Republic in 1792, the relation with other peoples becomes central in the revolutionary debates. The topic of colonialism is part of the constituting debates, and not only because of the uprisings in then Saint Domingue leading to the Haitian Revolution. This article is a part of a larger research project that attempts to reassess the relations between Hegel and the French Revolution, and deals with the question of how we can re-read Hegel's interpretation of the French Revolution based on the evolving historiography of the Revolution. After an introduction of both sides of this dialogue, the paper discusses how Hegel's political philosophy can be applied to understand the debates about the emancipation of colonies that take place during the French Revolution. The next part further analyses some issues, such as the notion of sovereignty and, in the concluding remarks, I summarize my discussion and point to some avenues for further research.
Local Gambling Culture and Enterprise Bribery: A Social Norms Theory Perspective
Authors: Zhong Xi , Huang Can , Ren Ge 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBased on social norms theory, we examine the impact of local gambling culture, an unexpected result of government-permitted lotteries, on enterprise bribery. We propose that local gambling cultures can promote active enterprise involvement in bribery activities by reinforcing the speculative psychology of enterprise decision-makers. In addition, we argue that local gambling culture is less likely to lead female (returnee) chairpersons to develop speculative psychology than male (nonreturnee) chairpersons. This, in turn, allows female (returnee) chairpersons to undermine the positive impact of local gambling culture on involvement in enterprise bribery. Based on 11 years of empirical data obtained from privately listed Chinese companies (including 2,637 listed companies with 15,036 firm-year data points), we obtain empirical evidence to support most of these views. This study is the first to explore the relationship between local gambling culture and enterprise bribery, and important insights are provided for shareholders and policy-makers to better curb enterprise bribery.
Neuroimaging and epigenetic analysis reveal novel epigenetic loci in major depressive disorder
Authors: Yang Hyun-Ho , Han Kyu-Man , Kim Aram , Kang Youbin , Tae Woo-Suk , Han Mi-Ryung , Ham Byung-Joo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundEpigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, contribute to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to identify novel MDD-associated epigenetic loci using DNA methylation profiles and explore the correlations between epigenetic loci and cortical thickness changes in patients with MDD.MethodsA total of 350 patients with MDD and 161 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS). We analyzed methylation, copy number alteration (CNA), and gene network profiles in the MDD group. A total of 234 patients with MDD and 135 HCs were included in neuroimaging methylation analysis. Pearson's partial correlation analysis was used to estimate the correlation between cortical thickness of brain regions and DNA methylation levels of the loci.ResultsIn total, 2018 differentially methylated probes (DMPs) and 351 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified. DMP-related genes were enriched in two networks involved in the central nervous system. In neuroimaging analysis, patients with MDD showed cortical thinning in the prefrontal regions and cortical thickening in several occipital regions. Cortical thickness of the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC, i.e. pars triangularis) was negatively correlated with eight DMPs associated with six genes (EML6, ZFP64, CLSTN3, KCNMA1, TAOK2, and NT5E).ConclusionThrough combining DNA methylation and neuroimaging analyses, negative correlations were identified between the cortical thickness of the left VLPFC and DNA methylation levels of eight DMPs. Our findings could improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD.
Exploring decision-making performance in young adults with mental health disorders: a comparative study using the Cambridge gambling task
Authors: Effah R. , Ioannidis K. , Grant J.E. , Chamberlain S.R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDecision-making deficits, assessed cognitively, are often associated with mental health symptoms, however, this relationship is not fully understood. This paper explores the relationship between mental health disorders and decision-making, using the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT). Our study investigated how decision-making varied across 20 different mental health conditions compared to controls in a sample of 572 young adults from the Minneapolis and Chicago metropolitan areas, using a computerized laboratory-based task. Almost all mental health conditions were associated with at least mild (i.e. at least small effect size) impairment in all three studied parameters of the CGT (risk adjustment, quality of decision-making and overall proportion of bet). Notably, binge eating disorder had the largest cognitive impairment and gambling disorder had moderate impairment. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was associated with impaired decision-making while obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression showed moderate impairment. Additionally, half of the disorders assessed had moderate to large impairment in risk adjustment.These findings suggest that mental health conditions may have a more complex cognitive profile than previously thought, and a better understanding of these impairments may aid in risk assessment and targeted clinical interventions. This study underscores the need for further research to determine the causal pathways between mental health conditions and cognition, as well as to better understand the day-to-day impact of such deficits.
Cumulative effect of unemployment on suicide mortality in South Korean workers (2018–2019)
Authors: Jung Jaehyuk , Lee Kyeong-Eun , Hong Seri , Park Jae Bum , Jeong Inchul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile unemployment is known to increase the risk of suicide, its cumulative effect remains underexplored. This study investigates how unemployment affects suicide mortality and whether the effect varies based on the number of unemployment spells using two years of nationwide data.MethodsUsing the data from the National Statistical Office and Employment Insurance Database for 2018 and 2019, we identified an average of 2365 cases of suicide over two years among 7.76 million workers aged 25–64 years who had been employed within one year before their suicide. The number of unemployment spells was counted using the employment history of the past five years. We calculated crude suicide mortality rates per 100 000 population, age- and sex- standardized mortality rates (SMRs), and proportionate mortality rates (PMRs) for suicide.ResultsOver the two years, the crude suicide rate was 30.0 per 100 000 among the general population and 30.5 among workers. Workers with no unemployment spells in the past five years had a significantly lower SMR (0.44; 0.42–0.46), while those with four or more unemployment spells had a significantly higher SMR (3.13; 2.92–3.35) than the general population. These findings were consistent across all sex and age groups. Additionally, workers with four or more unemployment spells had a significantly higher PMR than the general population.ConclusionThe impact of unemployment on suicide mortality intensifies as the number of unemployment spells increases. These results underscore the necessity for additional social and psychological support along with economic assistance for individuals facing recurrent unemployment.
The Ulam–Hammersley problem for multiset permutations
Authors: GERIN LUCAS 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe obtain the asymptotic behaviour of the longest increasing/non-decreasing subsequences in a random uniform multiset permutation in which each element in
$\{1,\dots,n\}$
occurs k times, where k may depend on n. This generalises the famous Ulam–Hammersley problem of the case
$k=1$
. The proof relies on poissonisation and on a careful non-asymptotic analysis of variants of the Hammersley–Aldous–Diaconis particle system.
The Cartojuridism of the British East India Company
Authors: Suresh Sabarish 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper will engage with the early colonial maps of the British East India Company to analyze its representative, as well as creative, functions, delineating how maps represent existing legal relations, entrench hierarchies, and visually transmit projected, and aspired, notions of legal authority and sovereignty. This paper studies the constitutive role of cartography apropos law, territory, and social order, in a specific historical context, by examining the crucial political role played by the British East India Company's cartographic practices and maps in aspiring and imagining the transplantation and establishment of English sovereignty in the Indian subcontinent. This paper will also show how British maps visually entrenched and supplemented unique forms of social hierarchy and marginalization, and legal categories and stratifications, in Indian cities. By analyzing maps, memoirs, cartouches, dedications, ornaments, plans, prospects, and historical manuscripts appertaining to the eighteenth and early nineteenth century operations of the Company, this paper will demonstrate, firstly, that cartography preceded, visually imagined, and set the stage for the coalescence of British sovereignty and the expansion of its law in the Indian subcontinent; secondly, that cartography provided the visual support for social ordering; and thirdly, that maps do not have a singular function. This paper proposes a notion of cartojuridism to capture the myriad ways in which cartography, law, sovereignty, and society intersect and relate with each other.
Mesoamerican mantic names as an etymological source of Mixtec vocabulary
Authors: Swanton Michael W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article examines the word histories of 12 nouns (eight zoonyms, two other lifeform names, and two toponyms) in Mixtec, a shallow or emergent language family of Mesoamerica. It argues that these nouns—now morphologically opaque—are fused compounds that arose from the Mixtec vocabulary of the mantic count of 260 days, a temporal organization that was part of the common cultural heritage of pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican peoples. With the European colonization and persecution of Mesoamerican religious practices, the use of the mantic count was abandoned. It was at this time that the compounds would have been demotivated; that is, the internal morphological structure would have become inaccessible to speakers who could no longer relate it to the mantic cycle. This then enriched the lexicon, creating etymological pairs for the same, or similar, referents. It is suggested that the survival of the eight zoonyms may have to do with their use in the context of omens.
When Suicide is not a Self-Killing: Advance Decisions and Psychological Discontinuity—Part II
Authors: Dowie Suzanne E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Derek Parfit’s view of personal identity raises questions about whether advance decisions refusing life-saving treatment should be honored in cases where a patient loses psychological continuity; it implies that these advance decisions would not be self-determining at all. However, rather than accepting that an unknown metaphysical ‘further fact’ underpins agential unity, one can accept Parfit’s view but offer a different account of what it implies morally. Part II of this article argues that contractual obligations provide a moral basis for honoring advance decisions refusing life-saving and/or life-sustaining medical treatment; advance decisions have similarities to contracts, such as life insurance policies and will-contracts, that come into effect when the psychological discontinuity is through death.
ON THE STRUCTURE OF BOCHVAR ALGEBRAS
Authors: BONZIO STEFANO , PRA BALDI MICHELE 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Bochvar algebras consist of the quasivariety

$\mathsf {BCA}$

playing the role of equivalent algebraic semantics for Bochvar (external) logic, a logical formalism introduced by Bochvar [4] in the realm of (weak) Kleene logics. In this paper, we provide an algebraic investigation of the structure of Bochvar algebras. In particular, we prove a representation theorem based on Płonka sums and investigate the lattice of subquasivarieties, showing that Bochvar (external) logic has only one proper extension (apart from classical logic), algebraized by the subquasivariety

$\mathsf {NBCA}$

of

$\mathsf {BCA}$

. Furthermore, we address the problem of (passive) structural completeness ((P)SC) for each of them, showing that

$\mathsf {NBCA}$

is SC, while

$\mathsf {BCA}$

is not even PSC. Finally, we prove that both

$\mathsf {BCA}$

and

$\mathsf {NBCA}$

enjoy the amalgamation property (AP).
Sodium overload during postnatal phases impairs diastolic function and exacerbates reperfusion arrhythmias in adult rats
Authors: Moreira Marina Conceição dos Santos , Nunes Allancer Divino de Carvalho , Lopes Paulo Ricardo , Silva Cintia do Carmo , Marques Stefanne Madalena , Marques Naves Lara , Lobo Perez Dias Matheus , Santos Fernanda Cristina Alcântara , Gomes Rodrigo Mello , Xavier Carlos Henrique , de Castro Carlos Henrique , Pedrino Gustavo Rodrigues 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sodium overload during childhood impairs baroreflex sensitivity and increases arterial blood pressure and heart rate in adulthood; these effects persist even after high-salt diet (HSD) withdrawal. However, the literature lacks details on the effects of HSD during postnatal phases on cardiac ischemia/reperfusion responses in adulthood. The current study aimed to elucidate the impact of HSD during infancy adolescence on isolated heart function and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion responses in adulthood. Male 21-day-old Wistar rats were treated for 60 days with hypertonic saline solution (NaCl; 0.3M; experimental group) or tap water (control group). Subsequently, both groups were maintained on a normal sodium diet for 30 days. Subsequently, the rats were euthanized, and their hearts were isolated and perfused according to the Langendorff technique. After 30 min of the basal period, the hearts were subjected to 20 min of anoxia, followed by 20 min of reperfusion. The basal contractile function was unaffected by HSD. However, HSD elevated the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure during reperfusion (23.1 ± 5.2 mmHg vs. 11.6 ± 1.4 mmHg; p < 0.05) and increased ectopic incidence period during reperfusion (208.8 ± 32.9s vs. 75.0 ± 7.8s; p < 0.05). In conclusion, sodium overload compromises cardiac function after reperfusion events, diminishes ventricular relaxation, and increases the severity of arrhythmias, suggesting a possible arrhythmogenic effect of HSD in the postnatal phases.
Sources, Fates, and Geochemical Cycling of Mercury in Geothermal Fields: Insights From Mercury Isotopes
Authors: Pan Fei , Huang Jen‐How , Feng Xinbin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGeothermal fields emit remarkable amounts of mercury (Hg) to the environment. To address the source, fate and geochemical cycling of Hg in geothermal fields, we investigated Hg concentrations and isotopic compositions of hot spring water and fumarole gases from Rehai and Dagejia in SW‐China. Elevated Hg concentrations in fumarole gases (10.0–167 ng m−3) and hot spring water (3.44–84.5 ng L−1) were observed, suggesting that both geothermal fields are of environmental concern. The variation in Δ199Hg (−0.06 to 0.23‰) and Δ200Hg (−0.09 to 0.19‰) in hot spring water supports Hg likely originating from endogenous volcanic degassing and/or rainwater. Negative and nearly zero Δ199Hg in fumarole gases (−0.32 to 0.03‰) supports volcanic degassing and background atmosphere origin. The ranges of δ202Hg in fumarole gases (−0.74 to 0.59‰) and hot spring water (−1.29 to 0.52‰) could reflect limited fluids boiling in geothermal fields. This study, thus, fills an important knowledge gap regarding Hg global cycling.
The Role of the Subtropical and Extratropical Southern Hemisphere Anomalous Sea Surface Temperature in the Trans‐Seasonal Influence of Southern Annular Mode on Rainfall Over Southeastern South America
Authors: Mbigi Dickson , Xiao Ziniu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current study explores the linkage and possible mechanisms of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) with rainfall variability over southeastern South America (SESA). The findings indicate that the preceding May SAM can modulate the subsequent rainfall over the SESA region in September‐October‐November (SON), independent of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal. Further analysis suggests that the SAM‐rainfall relationship is mainly due to the response of sea surface temperature (SST) in the subtropical and extratropical Southern Hemisphere to SAM variability via air‐sea interactions. Such SST anomalies persist to the subsequent SON and stimulate an upstream wave train extending into the study region from the South Paciﬁc. Such wave patterns form a cyclone anomaly over SESA, indicating strong subsidence and reduced convection over the region. Meanwhile, the low‐level anomalous cyclone and anticyclone located over the subtropical South Atlantic (on the coast of the study region) are associated with easterly winds to the South (North) of the anomalous cyclone (anticyclone), which advect colder and drier air into the study region due to the cold SST over the subtropical South Atlantic and leading to increased moisture scarcity and decreased rainfall over SESA. Besides, model results based on the joint climate indices (i.e., SAM, ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)) revealed a satisfactory estimate of the SON rainfall compared with either single index, indicating that the SAM can be one of the precursors of the SESA rainfall, besides ENSO and IOD.