bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role and reach of alcohol reduction apps
Authors: Uscher-Pines Lori , Sousa Jessica L , Mehrotra Ateev , Busch Alisa B , Horgan Constance M , Huskamp Haiden A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although apps are widely available and have several advantages as a tool to support alcohol reduction and recovery, little is known about how individuals are using them. In 2024, we conducted an exploratory sequential mixed-methods study that coupled in-depth interviews with 22 app users and a nationally representative survey of 2002 adults. We explored experiences with and perceptions of alcohol reduction apps. Approximately 6% of US adults in the sample reported using alcohol reduction apps, and for most, it was the only support to address problematic drinking. In interviews, some users viewed apps as an alternative to traditional services and a way to independently address alcohol use; however, apps were seen as disconnected from care even by those who also used other supports. App users accessed a variety of features, with the most common being motivational content, tracking alcohol consumption, and educational content. Findings suggest that there are opportunities to not only introduce apps to individuals receiving healthcare services or participating in mutual support groups, but to reference and embed them in those settings. New approaches to regulation and reimbursement may support adoption as well as integration into healthcare services.
Switching between medicare advantage and traditional medicare for individuals newly diagnosed with cancer 2015-2019
Authors: Parsons Helen M , Greenwald Samuel J , Jarosek Stephanie , Nikpay Sayeh , Clark Roxanne M , Shippee Nathan , Henning-Smith Carrie , Enewold Lindsey 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Medicare Advantage (MA) plans may offer more benefits and lower costs relative to Traditional Medicare (TM), but may also provide narrower provider networks and pre-authorization requirements. We explore the impact of a cancer diagnosis on switching between MA and TM after diagnosis.

Methods
We used the 2015-2019 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare data to examine patterns of switching between MA and TM after cancer relative to those without cancer. We used binomial generalized estimating equations to evaluate the cancer and sociodemographic characteristics of those with higher probabilities of switching.

Results
Among those initially enrolled in MA plans (39.27% of those with vs 40.79% without cancer), 3.76% of individuals with cancer switched to TM compared to 2.23% without cancer. For those initially enrolled in TM, 2.96% of individuals with cancer switched to MA vs 4.35% without cancer. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that, among individuals starting in MA, a cancer diagnosis was associated with a 52.02% increase in switching relative to those without cancer, whereas among those starting in TM, a cancer diagnosis was associated with a 26.90% reduction in switching. Younger individuals, males, dual-eligible, those with more comorbidities, rural-dwellers, and those living in zip codes with higher education and income levels also had higher probabilities of switching from MA to TM.

Conclusions
Prior to diagnosis, MA enrollment is comparable between individuals with and without cancer. However, after diagnosis, individuals with cancer have higher probability of switching from MA to TM and lower probability of switching from TM to MA.
Drivers of root-associated fungal community structure in a common drought tolerant shrub at a regional scale
Authors: Chen Deqiang , Yang Juanjuan , Wu Chunping , Li Linyi , Lan Siren , Zhang Dianxiang , Liu Zhong-Jian , Qian Xin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plant root-associated fungal communities are pivotal for enhancing plant growth, nutrient absorption, disease resistance, and environmental stress adaptation. Despite their importance, the assembly processes of these communities remain inadequately explored. In this study, we utilized high-throughput sequencing, co-occurrence network analysis, and null models to perform an extensive examination of the diversity, composition, interaction patterns, and assembly mechanisms of the root-associated fungal communities of Mussaenda pubescens, a drought tolerant shrub that can thrive in stressful environments and which is widely used for Chinese medicine. Our findings revealed pronounced regional and ecological niche-based variations in the diversity and assembly of total fungi and essential functional guilds, including saprotrophs, symbiotrophs, and plant pathogens. Significantly, the fungal diversity of plant pathogens decreased with elevation, whereas total fungi, saprotrophs, and symbiotrophs were minimally affected. Stochastic processes, such as dispersal limitation, play a significant role in fungal assembly. Furthermore, soil physicochemical properties, climatic conditions, and spatial variables also emerged as critical determinants of fungal community structure. This study enriches our understanding of the dynamics governing root-associated fungal community assemblies and underscores the factors essential for sustaining fungal diversity.
Unveiling spatial heterogeneity in medulloblastoma: a multi-omics analysis of cellular state and geographical organization
Authors: Li Jiankang , Liu Hailong , Wang Ziwei , Zhang Jiao , Chen Xuan , Daniels Craig , Wu Xiaochong , Saulnier Olivier , Suzuki Hiromichi , De Antonellis Pasqualino , Rasnitsyn Alexandra , Ong Winnie , Wang Evan Y , Hendrikse Liam D , Su Yu , Tian Yu , Han Dongming , Wang Ruohan , Mo Jialin , Liu Fei , Deng Kaiwen , Wang Dongyang , Feng Zhaoyang , Jiang Yifei , Li Yanong , Ma Yuting , Liu Zijia , Li Meiyu , Tian Peiyi , Shi Yanfeng , Jiang Yong , Yang Tao , Li Shouwei , Liang Jianfeng , Wu Jingchuan , Wang Ying , Zou Wanjing , Jiang Yina , Wang Lusheng , Chen Fang , Jin Xin , Li Shuaicheng , Qiu Xiaoguang , Li Chunde , Gao Ya , Tang Yujie , Taylor Michael D , Jiang Tao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Despite numerous studies on medulloblastoma (MB) cell heterogeneity, the spatial characteristics of cellular states remain unclear.

Methods
We analyze single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomes and chromatin accessibility from human MB spanning four subgroups, to identify malignant cell populations and describe the spatial evolutionary trajectories. The spatial CNVs patterns and niches were analyzed to investigate the cellular interactions.

Results
Three main malignant cell populations were identified, including progenitor-like, cycling and differentiated populations. Gene signatures of cell populations strongly correlate to clinical outcomes. These tumor cell populations are geographically organized as stem-like and mature regions, highlighting their spatially heterogeneous nature. Progenitor-like and cycling cells are mainly concentrated in stem-like regions, whereas various differentiated populations are primarily distributed in mature regions. By analyzing chromosomal alterations, we find that stem-like region typically harbors a single pattern of CNVs, reflecting high originality and uniformity, which is in stark contrast to mature region exhibiting multiple patterns with a broader range of biological functions. Projecting cellular state program onto spatial sections fully illustrates the evolution from stem-like region to various functional zones in mature region, which is correlated to microenvironmental components along the paths to maintain stemness or promote differentiation. Conclusions. This multi-omics database comprehensively facilitates the understanding of MB spatial evolutionary organization.
Autoantibodies targeting angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 are prevalent and not induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Galipeau Yannick , Castonguay Nicolas , McCluskie Pauline S. , Sonoda Mayra Trentin , Keeshan Alexa , Collins Erin , Arnold Corey , Pelchat Martin , Burns Kevin , Cooper Curtis , Langlois Marc‐André 
Published: February 2025

AbstractClinical outcomes resulting from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic cases to the development of mild to severe respiratory illness, and in some instances, chronic lingering disease and mortality. The underlying biological mechanisms driving this wide spectrum of pathogenicity among certain individuals and demographics remain elusive. Autoantibodies have emerged as potential contributors to the severity of COVID‐19. Although preliminary reports have suggested the induction of antibodies targeting Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme II (ACE2) post‐infection, this assertion lacks confirmation in large‐scale studies. In this study, our objective is to comprehensively characterize and quantify the prevalence and expression levels of autoantibodies directed against ACE2 in a sizable cohort (n = 464). Our findings reveal that ACE2‐reactive IgM antibodies are the most prevalent, with an overall seroprevalence of 18.8%, followed by IgG at 10.3% and IgA at 6.3%. Longitudinal analysis of individuals with multiple blood draws showed stable ACE2 IgG and IgA levels over time. Upon stratifying individuals based on molecular testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 or serological evidence of past infection, no significant differences were observed between groups. Functional assessment of ACE2 autoantibodies demonstrated that they are non‐neutralizing and failed to inhibit spike‐ACE2 interaction or affect the enzymatic activity of ACE2. Our results highlight that ACE2 autoantibodies are prevalent in the general population and were not induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in our cohort. Notably, we found no substantiated evidence supporting a direct role for ACE2 autoantibodies in SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis.
Effects of Middle Ear Status on Rotary Chair Outcomes in Children
Authors: Vicente Manuel , El-Hidek Nour , Patterson Jessie N. , Merchant Gabrielle R. , Janky Kristen L. 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Middle ear dysfunction is common in young children. There are varying reports on the effects of middle ear dysfunction on the vestibular system; however, it is unknown the extent to which abnormal middle ear function affects vestibular function tests, which could lead to misdiagnosis and improper medical management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate how middle ear status affects rotary chair outcomes in young children (6 months to 6 years).

Design:
Twenty-one children with middle ear dysfunction (mean: 30 months, 11 males) and 36 control children with normal middle ear function (mean: 33 months, 19 males) participated. All participants completed tympanometry, wideband tympanometry, and sinusoidal harmonic acceleration rotary chair testing at 0.01, 0.04, and 0.16 Hz. The primary outcomes were rotary chair gain, phase, and symmetry.

Results:
For rotary chair gain, there was a significant frequency by group interaction. As expected, gain increased with increases in frequency; however, there were larger gain increases in the middle ear dysfunction group for 0.04 and 0.16 Hz. There was no significant effect of middle ear dysfunction on rotary chair phase or symmetry. Although 6 subjects (29%) had rotary chair phase leads that were greater than 2 SDs from the control mean, there were no significant group-level differences in phase; there was also no effect of severity of middle ear dysfunction on any rotary chair outcomes.

Conclusions:
Rotary chair in the presence of middle ear dysfunction is valid; however, isolated phase abnormalities can be present that are not explained by severity of middle ear dysfunction. Tympanometry and/or wideband tympanometry is recommended before rotary chair. In the event phase abnormalities are present coupled with abnormal tympanometry and/or wideband tympanometry, rotary chair testing could be repeated once the middle ear normalizes to rule out contributions from middle ear dysfunction.
Characteristics of Eyes with Asymptomatic Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma with Varying Severity of Visual Field Loss at Presentation
Authors: Umapathi Ruthra M. , Hliang Tin Nwe , Su-Min Audrey Koh , Sim Charmaine , Perera Shamira A. , Husain Rahat , Ho Ching Lin , Wong Tina T. , Aung Tin , Nongpiur Monisha E. 
Published: February 2025

Précis:
Approximately 38% of 467 asymptomatic primary angle closure glaucoma subjects had severe visual field loss (<−20 dB) at first presentation. Gender-based differences in prevalence and biometry suggests the need for an integrated approach for assessing risk.

Purpose:
To compare the clinical characteristics of patients with asymptomatic primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) across varying disease severity at presentation.

Methods:
Of 681 PACG patients recruited, 196 were excluded due to acute primary angle-closure and 18 due to pre-treatment. Clinical data from 467 patients were analysed, including age at presentation, presenting intraocular pressure (IOP), pre-intervention gonioscopy, vertical cup-to-disc ratio, biometry, pre-surgery refractive data, and visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD) at presentation (excluding the first VF). Disease severity was classified based on the VF MD as early-to-moderate (≥−12 dB), advanced (−12.01 to −20 dB), and severe (<−20 dB).

Results:
Of the 467 patients, 304 had reliable VFs within 1.5 years of presentation and were categorized as early-to-moderate (n=129; 42.4%), advanced (n=57; 18.8%) and severe PACG (n=118; 38.8%). Mean age at presentation was 64.7±8.6 years and 52.6% were male. Patients with severe PACG were more likely to be male (61.9%), with the highest presenting IOP (P<0.001), and narrowest anterior chamber angle (P<0.001). Significantly smaller anterior chamber depth and shorter axial length across worsening disease severity were only observed in female but not in male subjects. There was no significant difference in mean age at presentation across groups (P=0.12). Presenting IOP of ≤21 mm Hg was observed in 49.1% (n=28) advanced and 29.7% (n=35) severe PACG.

Conclusions:
Similar age at presentation of severe PACG and those with less severe disease suggests that the severe group either developed PACG at an earlier age or underwent rapid disease progression. Gender-based differences of prevalence and biometry may also impact disease risk.
Orthotic Interventions in Children’s and Adolescent’s Lower-Limb Transverse Plane Rotational Malalignments (A Systematic Review)
Authors: Keshavarzi Fatemeh , Baghaei Roshanak , Aliannejad Yeganeh , Rezaei Sina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Lower-limb malalignments in children and adolescents can lead to future issues like arthritis. Surgery is not usually recommended for mild cases, and many parents do not prefer it for moderate conditions. Effective orthotic interventions may offer a promising alternative to address both mild and moderate malalignments.

Objective
The study aims to investigate the relationship between patient characteristics, orthosis type, and outcome variables in orthotic intervention studies for children with lower-limb rotational malalignment.

Study Design
This study is a systematic review.

Methods
Based on the search strategy developed by authors, five electronic databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL Complete-EBSCO, and Cochrane Library were screened from 2000 to September 2023. All studies with orthotic interventions or shoe modification for children with lower-limb rotational malalignment without neurologic disorders or any other special disease were eligible. There was a restriction for the year of publication. The PEDdro scale was used for quality assessment.

Results
Five electronic databases revealed the 1999 documents. After screening the title and abstract, 10 studies were included in this review based on the full text. One thousand children with in-toeing gait patterns but different etiologies of abnormal gait took part in the 10 included studies.

Conclusions
Evidence supports the effect of the gait plate on the foot progression angle of in-toeing gait caused by excessive tibial torsion or femoral anteversion. Nighttime braces can be effective in the management of in-toeing gait caused by internal torsion of the tibia. The twister brace may affect the gait in the increased femoral anteversion condition. We suggest that future studies focus on evaluating the mechanism of orthoses function based on in-toeing gait etiology.

Clinical Relevance
By prescribing orthoses according to the underlying cause of rotational deformity, it is possible to enhance gait parameters and bone structure. Nighttime bracing may be beneficial for children with rotational deformities caused by tibial torsion; gait plate and twister orthoses have the potential to enhance walking patterns in both children and adolescents who have excessive hip anteversion.
Association between Islamic religiosity and preoperative anxiety in liver and renal transplant patients: a single-centered study from Pakistan
Authors: Khattak Umme Kulsoom , Hameed Muddsar , Ahmer Hania , Sajid Samaha , Khan Afridi Sheraz 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
This study investigates the association between religiosity and preoperative anxiety in liver and renal transplant patients at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. This study aims to explore the association between Islamic religiosity and preoperative anxiety in liver and renal transplant patients at a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad.

Objectives:
It seeks to assess preoperative anxiety levels in both donors and recipients, examine the relationship between religiosity and preoperative anxiety, and investigate the role of religiosity as a coping mechanism in managing preoperative anxiety.

Methods:
Conducted on 140 patients over 2 years using non-probability convenience sampling and validated tools, significant associations were found between anxiety levels and gender, marital status, age, education, spouse occupation, and transplant type.

Results:
Older adults and liver transplant recipients reported higher anxiety. Significant correlations were found between transplant type and anxiety age differences in anxiety (F(3,136) = 4.5, P < 0.05) and anesthesia anxiety (F(3,136) = 6.6, P < 0.05). Liver transplant recipients reported higher anxiety than donors. Religious coping strategies, such as seeking Allah’s guidance, were linked to lower anxiety, particularly among liver transplant recipients.

Conclusion:
The study found that demographic factors such as age, gender, marital status, and transplant type significantly influence anxiety levels. Older adults and liver transplant recipients experienced higher levels of anxiety. Notably, religious coping strategies, including seeking Allah’s guidance, were associated with lower anxiety, especially among liver transplant recipients. The findings suggest that religiosity may serve as a valuable coping mechanism and highlight the need for further research on spiritual interventions in transplant care.
Impact of HLA Epitope Matching on Outcomes in Haploidentical HSCT With Distinct GVHD Prophylaxes
Authors: Iwasaki Makoto , Kanda Junya , Tanaka Hidenori , Ikegame Kazuhiro , Shindo Takero , Kawase Takakazu , Yoshihara Satoshi , Doki Noriko , Nakamae Hirohisa , Eto Tetsuya , Tanaka Takashi , Ara Takahide , Hiramoto Nobuhiro , Kondo Yukio , Matsuoka Ken-Ichi , Ando Toshihiko , Shono Katsuhiro , Nagafuji Koji , Fukuda Takahiro , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Atsuta Yoshiko , Murata Makoto , Morishima Satoko 
Published: February 2025

Background.
The introduction of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has led to an increase in the number of transplants from haploidentical donors. Accordingly, we aimed to understand the impact of HLA epitope mismatch on the outcomes of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with prophylaxis against GVHD.

Methods.
This retrospective study included 1037 patients who underwent their first HSCT for hematologic malignancies from haploidentical peripheral blood donors in a Japanese registry between 2011 and 2019. In total, 542 patients received PTCy and 495 received antithymocyte globulin-based GVHD prophylaxis.

Results.
In patients with high-risk disease who received PTCy, higher class I Predicted Indirectly ReCognizable HLA Epitopes (PIRCHE-I) scores were associated with a significantly lower risk of relapse, leading to a higher overall survival (OS: high PIRCHE-I patients compared with low PIRCHE-I patients: relapse: hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-0.98; P = 0.040; mortality: HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.46-0.99; P = 0.042). In patients with standard-risk disease who received antithymocyte globulin, a significant association between class II PIRCHE (PIRCHE-II) and a lower incidence of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) leading to higher OS was observed (high PIRCHE-II patients compared with low PIRCHE-II patients, NRM: HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.19-0.86; P = 0.019; OS: HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.32-0.94; P = 0.030).

Conclusions.
These findings suggest the differential effects of T-cell epitope matching based on GVHD prophylaxis after haploidentical HSCT. Pretransplant disease status may also be important for understanding the graft-versus-leukemia effect of mismatched HLA in haploidentical HSCT using PTCy.
YeZzzs Does it: Studying Sleep and Emotion using the Digital Rest-Activity Rhythms of Kanye West’s Tweets
Authors: Reid Matthew J. , Rojo-Wissar Darlynn M. , Mei Michelle , Differding Moira , Smith Michael T , Smith Michael G 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOne of the greatest challenges faced by the field of precision medicine is the identification of biomarkers capable of detecting clinically meaningful change at the individual level, not just amongst large-scale population studies. To this end, the evermore present social mediaverse provides unparalleled access to ecologically-valid databases of digital-biomarkers, that could be leveraged with single-user precision to support mental health care by monitoring use-patterns and emotional state. Despite this potential, investigation into how social-media use can be used to study sleep-wake behaviors has been remarkably scant, in part due to a lack of established methods to detect and estimate sleep using social-media activity. We present here a new approach to using social media-based data to track both sleep and mood, with potential applications to mental health monitoring and prevention. Amongst demonstrating proof of concept, we also provide an ethical and theoretical framework of how to proceed amongst this sensitive but potentially highly fruitful field.