bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography ofChelonus insularis(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) andCampoletis sonorensis(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Two Primary Neotropical Parasitoids of the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Jourdie Violaine , Virla Eduardo , Murillo Henry , Bento José Mauricio S , Turlings Ted C J , Alvarez Nadir 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn a previous study, we observed no spatial genetic structure in Mexican populations of the parasitoids Chelonus insularis Cresson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Campoletis sonorensis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumomdae) by using microsatellite markers. In the current study, we investigated whether for these important parasitoids of the fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) there is any genetic structure at a larger scale. Insects of both species were collected across the American continent and their phylogeography was investigated using both nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Our results suggest an ancient north-south migration of C. insularis, whereas no clear pattern could be determined for C. sonorensis. Nonetheless, the resulting topology indicated the existence of a cryptic taxon within this later species: a few Canadian specimens determined as C. sonorensis branch outside a clade composed of the Argentinean Chelonus grioti Blanchard, the Brazilian Chehnus flavicincta Ashmead, and the rest of the C. sonorensis individuals. The individuals revealing the cryptic taxon were collected from Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on tomato (Lycopersicon spp.) and may represent a biotype that has adapted to the early season phenology of its host. Overall, the loosely defined spatial genetic structure previously shown at a local fine scale also was found at the larger scale, for both species. Dispersal of these insects may be partly driven by wind as suggested by genetic similarities between individuals coming from very distant locations.
Offspring Size and Sex Ratio Variation in a Feral Population of Alfalfa Leafcutting Bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Authors: O'Neill Kevin M , Pearce April M , O'Neill Ruth P , Miller Richard S 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), is widely used in western North America to enhance pollination of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., grown for seed production. Feral populations have been documented but have been little-studied, We used trap-nests of a wide range of diameters (3–9 mm) to study a feral population at a wildflower seed farm in Montana. Adult females accepted all hole sizes but tended to provision nest tunnels of smaller diameters (3–4 mm) than those provided in managed populations (5–7 mm). Progeny, especially females, from intermediate- and large-diameter nests averaged larger body size that those in the two smallest nest-diameter classes. Offspring were often larger in nests with greater numbers of offspring, indicating that there was no trade-off between offspring size and number within nests. Individual nests tended to contain a relatively small range of progeny sizes and those sizes tended to vary among nests of the same diameter. Previous studies of M. rotundata indicate that heritability of body size is low, most offspring within nests are full siblings, and variation in offspring size is due to variation in the amount of provision provided by mothers. Thus, the fact that body size varied among families probably related to variation in provisioning capabilities among females. We also found evidence that offspring size varied spatially but that seasonal trends in offspring size were weak. Sex ratio varied among different nest sizes, but only the smallest and largest nests produced biased ratios. Sex ratios were less male-biased than in commercially managed populations of M. rotundata.
Trends in Soil Science Education and Employment
Authors: Havlin J. , Balster N. , Chapman S. , Ferris D. , Thompson T. , Smith T. 
Published: August 2010

During the last several decades, members of the SSSA have discussed several trends related to soil science education, including: (i) declining academic programs and course offerings at land grant universities, (ii) decreased enrollments, and (iii) improved employment opportunities for soil science graduates (SSSA, 2006; Ferris et al., 2010). The SSSA Advocacy/Education Task Force met in 2007 and concluded that quantitative survey information was needed to document trends in soil science academic programs, student enrollment, faculty, and job opportunities for graduates. Suggested survey topics included:

· Has the recognition of soil science as a distinct discipline increased or decreased?
· How has the job market changed during the past decade, and how will job opportunities for soil scientists change in the future?
· How have undergraduate and graduate soils curricula changed during the last decade?
· Has enrollment in soil science degree programs and courses changed during the past decade?
· Has there been a change in the degree programs of students enrolling in soils courses in the past decade?
· Have soil science programs been combined with other programs?

Therefore, the objective of the survey was to quantify trends in student enrollment, faculty positions, pertinent educational issues in soil and related sciences, and career or job opportunities and trends. Expected outcomes included a better understanding of current educational practices and trends, and identification of specific opportunities for SSSA to enhance the practice and profession of soil science.
All-Cause Mortality Risk Among a National Sample of Individuals With Diabetes
Authors: Nelson Karin M. , Boyko Edward J. , Koepsell Thomas 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Little is known about the relative contributions of modifiable risk factors to overall diabetes mortality. The purpose of the current study is to 1) assess the association between modifiable risk factors and all-cause mortality among a nationally representative sample of individuals with diabetes and 2) determine the population-attributable risk percent (PAR%) for these factors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of 1,507 adults over the age of 17 years with a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) mortality study. Our main outcome measures were all-cause mortality and PAR%. We used the Cox proportional hazard analysis to determine hazard ratios (HRs) for known diabetes risks and calculated PAR%.

RESULTS
Among adults with diabetes, the HRs for all-cause mortality were significant for individuals who had an A1C ≥8% (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.11–2.45) or reported no regular physical activity (1.58, 1.24–2.02) or current tobacco use (1.77, 1.15–2.73). The population-attributable risk was 15.3% for A1C value ≥8%, 16.4% for no regular physical activity, and 7.5% for current tobacco use.

CONCLUSIONS
Health systems may consider prioritizing care to include smoking cessation, increasing physical activity, and moderate glycemic control among patients with diabetes. This study suggests that focusing on these areas may result in significant reductions in mortality in individuals with diabetes.
The Use of Expert System for Marine Diesel Engine Diagnosis
Authors: Charchalis Adam , Pawletko Rafał 
Published: August 2010

The Use of Expert System for Marine Diesel Engine Diagnosis
The paper presents a diagnostic system for marine diesel engine based on an expert system model. The research relevant to knowledge acquisition for this system was done, knowledge data set was built and general structures of the expert system was proposed. Basic sources of knowledge which can be used for construction of knowledge data set are also identified. The basic knowledge related to the diesel diagnostic was undertaken from experts and diagnostic data base. The paper questionnaire was used to the knowledge acquisition from experts. The basic knowledge related to the marine diesel exploitation was undertaken. The rule induction algorithms was used to knowledge acquisition from data base. During the experiment efficiency of LEM induction algorithms was compared to new MODLEM and EXPLORE algorithms. Training and test data were acquired from experiment on marine engine Sulzer 3AL 25/30.
Comparison of 20- and 25-Gauge Vitrectomy for Primary Repair of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Kobayashi Satoshi , Sato Shimpei , Inoue Maiko , Yamane Shin , Watanabe Yoichiro , Arakawa Akira , Uchio Eiichi , Kadonosono Kazuaki 
Published: August 2010

Background and Objective:
To evaluate the outcome of 25-gauge transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy and compare it with that of 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for primary repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective study of a consecutive series of 166 eyes of 164 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was performed. One hundred nineteen eyes underwent 25-gauge vitrectomy and 47 eyes underwent 20-gauge vitrectomy.

Results:
The anatomic success rates after the initial surgery in the 25-gauge vitrectomy and 20-gauge vitrectomy groups were 93.3% and 91.5%, respectively. The median visual acuity improved significantly from 20/80 preoperatively to 20/30 postoperatively in the 25-gauge group, and from 20/90 to 20/30 in the 20-gauge group.

Conclusion:
Good anatomic and functional results were achieved with 25-gauge vitrectomy and the outcomes compared favorably with those of 20-gauge vitrectomy for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Repatriating Palestinian Patrimony: An Overview of Palestinian Preparations for Negotiations on Archaeology
Authors: Fahel Gabriel 
Published: August 2010

This paper aims to shed some light on an often guarded and confidential subject matter: archaeology as it relates to permanent status negotiations between Israel and Palestine. During the Oslo negotiations, much of the discussion focused on political parameters while little discussion and preparation was done at the technical level. Since Oslo, the Palestinian side has formed a technical unit known as the Negotiations Support Unit (NSU) to assist the Palestinian leadership. There are several files that are continuously being prepared and advanced for the negotiations, one of which is the Archaeology file. تهدف هذه المقالة إلى إلقاء بعض الضوء على مواضيع رسمية تتصف بالسرية في كثير من الأحيان, وعلم الآثار من حيث صلته بالمفاوضات الدئمة بين اسرائيل وفلسطين. خلال مفاوضات أوسلو ، فإن الكثير من النقاشات ركزت على الثوابت السياسية في حين كان النقاش والتحضير على الصعيد التقني قليل جداً. منذ أوسلو, شكل الجانب الفلسطيني وحدة تقنية تعرف باسم (وحدة دعم المفاوضات ) لمساعدة القيادات الفلسطينية , وهناك العديد من الملفات التي يتم اعدادها بشكل مستمر لتقديمها للمفاوضات ,ومن بينها ملف الاثار
What Matters? Considering the Future of Cultural Heritage in Palestine
Authors: Al-Jubeh Nazmi 
Published: August 2010

There is a long list of deficits and challenges facing the cultural heritage of Palestine, but this contribution focuses on the future rather than the past history of cultural heritage preservation. Palestinians and those who support the preservation of cultural heritage in this region can take steps now which will enable us to jointly envision and ensure a future for the cultural heritage of Palestine. هناك قائمة طويلة من التحديات والمعيقات التي تواجه التراث الثقافي الفلسطيني , ولكن هذه المساهمة تركز على المستقبل بدلا من التاريخ الماضي من الحفاظ على التراث الثقافي . ان الفلسطينيين وأولئك الذين يؤيدون الحفاظ على التراث الثقافي في هذه المنطقة ,يمكنهم ان يتخذوا بعض الخطوات الان والتي سوف تمكننا من ايجاد تصور مشترك وضمان مستقبل للتراث الثقافي الفلسطيني .
Expedient Trimethylaluminium‐Promoted One‐Pot Synthesis of Functional Heteroaromatic and Carbocyclic Trifluoroethylamines
Authors: Allendörfer Nadine , Sudau Alexander , Bräse Stefan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of trifluoroethylamines as amide bond mimics is an interesting topic in current research. They are well known tools in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. Other methods described in literature are often restricted to few substrates. We herein report a new synthetic approach towards this class of substances. First, the trimethylaluminium‐promoted generation of a trifluoromethyl‐ketimine from the corresponding trifluoromethyl ketone and an aniline derivative was investigated. Next, the ketimine was converted into the trifluoroethylamines in a one‐pot reaction by simple addition of borane‐methyl sulfide complex.
Lewis Basic Ionic Liquids‐Catalyzed Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Yang Zhen‐Zhen , He Liang‐Nian , Miao Cheng‐Xia , Chanfreau Sébastien 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA series of easily prepared Lewis basic ionic liquids were developed for cyclic carbonate synthesis from epoxide and carbon dioxide at low pressure without utilization of any organic solvents or additives. Notably, quantitative yields together with excellent selectivity were attained when 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐enium chloride ([HDBU]Cl) was used as a catalyst. Furthermore, the catalyst could be recycled over five times without appreciable loss of catalytic activity. The effects of the catalyst structure and various reaction parameters on the catalytic performance were investigated in detail. This protocol was found to be applicable to a variety of epoxides producing the corresponding cyclic carbonates in high yields and selectivity. Therefore, this solvent‐free process thus represents an environmentally friendly example for the catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into value‐added chemicals by employing Lewis basic ionic liquids as catalyst. A possible catalytic cycle for the hydrogen bond‐assisted ring‐opening of epoxide and activation of carbon dioxide induced by the nucleophilic tertiary nitrogen of the ionic liquid was also proposed.
New Synthesis of Aryl and Heteroaryl N‐Acylureas via Microwave‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalysed Carbonylation
Authors: Liptrot David , Alcaraz Lilian , Roberts Bryan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA new, practical synthesis of aryl and heteroaryl N‐acylureas has been developed via palladium‐catalysed carbonylation of aryl or heteroaryl halides in the presence of urea nucleophiles. A range of reactions illustrating the wide scope of this reaction was carried out under microwave irradiation, using either carbon monoxide gas in a vessel equipped with a gas inlet adapter, or molybdenum hexacarbonyl as the carbon monoxide source in standard microwave vials. The reactions proceeded in good to excellent yields. To illustrate the usefulness of this method a one‐step synthesis of the important insecticide diflubenzuron is reported.
Sunflower trypsin inhibitor‐1, proteolytic studies on a trypsin inhibitor peptide and its analogs
Authors: Colgrave Michelle L. , Korsinczky Michael J. L. , Clark Richard J. , Foley Fiona , Craik David J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSunflower trypsin inhibitor‐1 (SFTI‐1) is a 14 amino acid cyclic peptide from sunflower seeds, which possesses exceptionally potent trypsin‐inhibitory activity, and has promise as a stable peptide‐based drug template. Within its compact structure, SFTI‐1 combines a head‐to‐tail cyclized backbone and a disulfide bond. In this study, we synthesized a range of acyclic and disulfide‐deficient analogs of SFTI‐1 to investigate enzyme‐assisted cyclization of the peptide backbone and proteolytic degradation that occurs as a result of incubation with trypsin. Electrospray and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry allowed the characterization of a range of novel degradation products and elucidation of the time‐course for cyclization and/or proteolysis. Trypsin displayed the ability to resynthesize the scissile bond(s) and hence cyclize two of the linear permutants, whereas irreversible degradation was observed for another two permutants. An interesting ring contraction mediated by trypsin was observed, supporting a role for protease catalyzed splicing as a way of increasing the combinatorial diversity of cyclic peptides in nature. Disulfide‐deficient mutants were degraded within minutes, emphasizing the critical role of the cysteine bridge in maintaining proteolytic stability of SFTI‐1. Overall, the study provides additional support for the proposal that naturally occurring cyclic peptides like SFTI‐1 are biosynthesized by proteolytic enzymes effectively catalyzing the reverse of their normal reaction to make, rather than break peptide bonds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 665–672, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Outcome of protracted hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy
Authors: Sitges-Serra A , Ruiz S , Girvent M , Manjón H , Dueñas J P , Sancho J J 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Although the variables that influence the development of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia are now better understood, the risk factors and long-term outcome of persistent hypoparathyroidism (HPP) are poorly defined. A retrospective review of a prospective protocol for the management of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia was performed.

Methods
Patients with a serum calcium level below 8 mg/dl (2 mmol/l) 24 h after total thyroidectomy were prescribed oral calcium with or without calcitriol and followed for at least 1 year. Protracted HPP was defined as an intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level below 13 pg/ml and need for calcium medication at 1 month after thyroidectomy.

Results
Of 442 patients (343 with goitre, 99 with carcinoma) undergoing total thyroidectomy, 222 (50·2 per cent) developed postoperative hypocalcaemia. Eleven patients were lost to follow-up. Parathyroid function recovered in 131 patients within 1 month and 80 developed protracted HPP, which was associated with lymphadenectomy, fewer than three glands left in situ and incidental parathyroidectomy. Parathyroid function recovered within 1 year in 78 per cent of patients with protracted HPP. Factors associated with late recovery of parathyroid function were higher serum calcium and low but detectable iPTH levels 1 month after surgery. These factors were associated with higher calcitriol and calcium dosages at hospital discharge. Parathyroid autotransplantation did not protect against permanent HPP.

Conclusion
Higher serum calcium levels at 1 month after total thyroidectomy are associated with recovery of parathyroid function. It is hypothesized that intensive medical treatment of hypocalcaemia—‘parathyroid splinting’—may improve the outcome of patients with protracted HPP.
Silica‐Immobilized Highly Dispersed Oxo–Rhenium and its Catalytic Activity for the Direct Synthesis of Nitrones
Authors: Singh Bhawan , Jain Suman L. , Rana Bharat S. , Khatri Praveen K. , Sinha Anil K. , Sain Bir 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA novel covalently attached silica‐immobilized oxo–rhenium catalyst was prepared by the reaction of perrhenic acid and 3‐chloropropyl functionalized mesoporous SBA‐15, in which the oxo–rhenium species is chemically bonded to the support, preventing leaching. The prepared silica‐immobilized oxo–rhenium was found to be an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the one‐pot condensation/oxidation of aldehydes and primary amines to nitrones in high yields using urea–hydrogen peroxide as a terminal oxidant under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ln5Ga3 Compounds of Selected Rare Earth Metals Ln: Structures and Properties.
Authors: ZHAO J.‐T. , CORBETT J. D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Adsorption of Tin on Platinum: An Uncommon Underpotential Deposition.
Authors: LAMY‐PITARA E. , EL OUAZZANI‐BENHIMA L. , BARBIER J. , CAHOREAU M. , CAISSO J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Study of the Passive Behavior of Beryllium in Aqueous Solutions.
Authors: GULBRANDSEN E. , JOHANSEN A. M. J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemobiological Transformations of Octalone and Hydrindenone Derivatives.
Authors: ARSENIYADIS S. , RODRIGUEZ R. , MUNOZ DORADO M. , BRONDI ALVES R. , OUAZZANI J. , OURISSON G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies Towards Taxol Analogs: Chemoselective Cleavage of C‐ 5 Cinnamoyl Group in Texane Group of Diterpenoids with Hydroxylamine.
Authors: BATHINI Y. , MICETICH R. G. , DANESHTALAB M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Dramatic Effect of a Catalytic Amount of Lead on the Simmons‐Smith Reaction and Formation of Alkylzinc Compounds from Iodoalkanes. Reactivity of Zinc Metal: Activation and Deactivation.
Authors: TAKAI K. , KAKIUCHI T. , UTIMOTO K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Addition of Activated Methylene and Methyne Compounds to Allenes.
Authors: YAMAMOTO Y. , AL‐MASUM M. , ASAO N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile New Synthesis of Aldehyde Enamines in High Yield and High Purity.
Authors: FISHER G. B. , LEE L. , KLETTKE F. W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Glucose Promoted Claisen Rearrangement of 1‐Allyloxy Anthraquinones.
Authors: MURTY K. V. S. N. , PAL R. , DATTA K. , MAL D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.