bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of turbulence modulation in particle- or droplet-laden flows
Authors: Meyer Daniel W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAddition of particles or droplets to turbulent liquid flows or addition of droplets to turbulent gas flows can lead to modulation of turbulence characteristics. Corresponding observations have been reported for very small particle or droplet volume loadings ${\Phi }_{v} $ and therefore may be important when simulating such flows. In this work, a modelling framework that accounts for preferential concentration and reproduces isotropic and anisotropic turbulence attenuation effects is presented. The framework is outlined for both Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and joint probability density function (p.d.f.) methods. Validations are performed involving a range of particle and flow-field parameters and are based on the direct numerical simulation (DNS) study of Boivin, Simonin & Squires (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 375, 1998, pp. 235–263) dealing with heavy particles suspended in homogeneous isotropic turbulence (Stokes number $\mathit{St}= O(1{\unicode{x2013}} 10)$, particle/fluid density ratio ${\rho }_{p} / \rho = 2000$, ${\Phi }_{v} = O(1{0}^{- 4} )$) and the experimental investigation of Poelma, Westerweel & Ooms (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 589, 2007, pp. 315–351) involving light particles ($\mathit{St}= O(0. 1)$, ${\rho }_{p} / \rho \gtrsim 1$, ${\Phi }_{v} = O(1{0}^{- 3} )$) settling in grid turbulence. The development in this work is restricted to volume loadings where particle or droplet collisions are negligible.
On the flow of buoyant fluid injected into an aquifer with a background flow
Authors: Gunn Iain , Woods Andrew W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe study the dispersal of a plume of incompressible buoyant fluid injected into a confined inclined aquifer in which there is a background flow. We assume that, to prevent pressure buildup in the system, there is an outflow from the aquifer, with flux equal to the injection flux, through a producing well. Using the method of characteristics, we identify that the trajectory of the plume of injected fluid depends on the magnitudes of both the injection flux ${Q}_{I} $ and the background aquifer flux ${Q}_{A} $ relative to the buoyancy-driven exchange flow of injected and original fluid within the aquifer ${Q}_{E} $, on the direction of the background aquifer flow, and on whether the producing well lies upslope or downslope from the injecting well. We find the values of the controlling parameters ${Q}_{I} / {Q}_{E} $ and ${Q}_{A} / {Q}_{E} $ for which all injected fluid flows up-dip, for which the injected fluid partitions into a component moving up-dip and a component moving down-dip, and for which all injected fluid flows down-dip. A key learning from the analysis is that there may be very different plume trajectories when a buoyant fluid is injected into a confined, inclined aquifer, and prediction of the trajectory depends on knowledge of the background flow as well as the injection rate and location of the producing wells. In the process of ${\mathrm{CO} }_{2} $ sequestration, this range of initial plume geometries can inform analysis of longer-term geological storage and assessment of the risk of activating different possible leakage pathways to the surface.
Disturbance energy transport and sound production in gaseous combustion
Authors: Brear Michael J. , Nicoud Frank , Talei Mohsen , Giauque Alexis , Hawkes Evatt R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the energy transported by disturbances in gaseous combustion. It extends the previous work of Myers (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 226, 1991, 383–400) and so includes non-zero mean-flow quantities, large-amplitude disturbances, varying specific heats and chemical non-equilibrium. This extended form of Myers’ ‘disturbance energy’ then enables complete identification of the conditions under which the famous Rayleigh source term can be derived from the equations governing combusting gas motion. These are: small disturbances in an irrotational, homentropic, non-diffusive (in terms of species, momentum and energy) and stationary mean flow at chemical equilibrium. Under these assumptions, the Rayleigh source term becomes the sole source term in a conservation equation for the classical acoustic energy. It is also argued that the exact disturbance energy flux should become an acoustic energy flux in the far-field surrounding a (reacting or non-reacting) jet. In this case, the volume integral of the disturbance energy source terms are then directly related to the area-averaged far-field sound produced by the jet. This is demonstrated by closing the disturbance energy budget over a set of aeroacoustic, direct numerical simulations of a forced, low-Mach-number, laminar, premixed flame. These budgets show that several source terms are significant, including those involving the mean-flow and entropy fields. This demonstrates that the energetics of sound generation cannot be examined by considering the Rayleigh source term alone.
The mean electromotive force generated by elliptic instability
Authors: Mizerski K. A. , Bajer K. , Moffatt H. K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe mean electromotive force (EMF) associated with exponentially growing perturbations of an Euler flow with elliptic streamlines in a rotating frame of reference is studied. We are motivated by the possibility of dynamo action triggered by tidal deformation of astrophysical objects such as accretion discs, stars or planets. Ellipticity of the flow models such tidal deformations in the simplest way. Using analytical techniques developed by Lebovitz & Zweibel (Astrophys. J., vol. 609, 2004, pp. 301–312) in the limit of small elliptic (tidal) deformations, we find the EMF associated with each resonant instability described by Mizerski & Bajer (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 632, 2009, pp. 401–430), and for arbitrary ellipticity the EMF associated with unstable horizontal modes. Mixed resonance between unstable hydrodynamic and magnetic modes and resonance between unstable and oscillatory horizontal modes both lead to a non-vanishing mean EMF which grows exponentially in time. The essential conclusion is that interactions between unstable eigenmodes with the same wave-vector $\mathbi{k}$ can lead to a non-vanishing mean EMF, without any need for viscous or magnetic dissipation. This applies generally (and not only to the elliptic instabilities considered here).
Nonlinear interaction of wind-driven oblique surface waves and parametric growth of lower frequency modes
Authors: Lee Sang Soo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNonlinear interactions between free-surface waves of the same wave speed and wind are studied by extending the linear resonant theory of Miles (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 3, 1957, pp. 185–204). A nonlinear interaction can occur when the steepness of a primary three-dimensional wave, which propagates obliquely to the wind direction, becomes of the order of the cube of the density ratio of air to water. If a secondary wave of smaller amplitude is also an oblique wave, the nonlinear critical-layer interaction between the primary and secondary fluctuations in air generates a difference mode whose wavenumbers are equal to the differences between the primary and secondary values. In addition, the nonlinear interaction in the critical layer between the primary and difference modes induces a parametric-growth effect on the secondary surface wave, if the frequency of the primary wave is higher than that of the secondary wave. The primary wave remains linear during this ‘$2+ 1$ mode critical-layer interaction’ stage between two free-surface waves and a nonlinearly generated mode. The evolution of the secondary-wave amplitude is governed by an integro-differential equation and that of the difference mode is determined by an integral equation. Both inviscid and viscous numerical results show that the nonlinear growth rates become much larger than the linear growth rates. Effect of viscosity is shown to delay the onset of the nonlinear growth. The growth of the secondary and difference modes is more effectively enhanced when the signs of propagation angles of the primary and secondary waves are opposite than when they are equal. The $2+ 1$ mode interaction can occur when wave steepnesses are very small. The nonlinear interaction is entirely confined to a thin critical layer, and the perturbations outside the critical layer are governed by linear equations. It is shown that the initial nonlinear growth of a free-surface wave could be governed by a mode–mode interaction in air.
Nutritional intake and dietary patterns in pregnancy: a longitudinal study of women with lifetime eating disorders
Authors: Micali Nadia , Northstone Kate , Emmett Pauline , Naumann Ulrike , Treasure Janet L. 
Published: July 2012

There is limited knowledge about dietary patterns and nutrient/food intake during pregnancy in women with lifetime eating disorders (ED). The objective of the present study was to determine patterns of food and nutrient intake in women with lifetime ED as part of an existing longitudinal population-based cohort: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Women with singleton pregnancies and no lifetime psychiatric disorders other than ED (n 9723) were compared with women who reported lifetime (ever) ED: (anorexia nervosa (AN, n 151), bulimia nervosa (BN, n 186) or both (AN+BN, n 77)). Women reported usual food consumption using a FFQ at 32 weeks of gestation. Nutrient intakes, frequency of consumption of food groups and overall dietary patterns were examined. Women with lifetime ED were compared with control women using linear regression and logistic regression (as appropriate) after adjustment for relevant covariates, and for multiple comparisons. Women with lifetime ED scored higher on the ‘vegetarian’ dietary pattern; they had a lower intake of meat, which was compensated by a higher consumption of soya products and pulses compared with the controls. Lifetime AN increased the risk for a high ( ≥ 2500 g/week) caffeine consumption in pregnancy. No deficiencies in mineral and vitamin intake were evident across the groups, although small differences were observed in macronutrient intakes. In conclusion, despite some differences in food group consumption, women with lifetime ED had similar patterns of nutrient intake to healthy controls. Important differences in relation to meat eating and vegetarianism were highlighted, as well as high caffeine consumption. These differences might have an important impact on fetal development.
Effect of sex and gestational age on neonatal body composition
Authors: Simon Laure , Borrego Paula , Darmaun Dominique , Legrand Arnaud , Rozé Jean-Christophe , Chauty-Frondas Anne 
Published: July 2012

To determine the effects of length of gestation and sex on infant body composition, air displacement plethysmography was performed in forty-six full-term neonates at 3 d of life and during the week prior to hospital discharge in 180 preterm neonates. Fat mass, as a percentage of body weight, was higher in preterm than in term infants (13·4 (sd4·2)v. 10·1 (sd3·7) %, respectively;P= 0·001). The absolute amount of fat mass did not differ between preterm and full-term newborns (323 (sd126)v. 335 (sd138) g;P= 0·58), whereas lean body mass was lower in preterm than in term infants (2055 (sd280)v. 2937 (sd259) g, respectively;P< 0·001). Among full-term infants, fat mass was higher in females than in males (11·1 (sd3·7)v. 9·0 (sd3·3) %, respectively;P= 0·047), whereas we did not observe any sex difference in preterm infants (13·5 (sd4·1)v. 13·4 (sd4·3) %;P= 0·89). Our data suggest that by the time they are discharged from hospital: (1) preterm infants have a higher percentage of body fat than term neonates and (2) this is presumably due to a lesser accretion in lean body mass in the first few weeks of extra-uterine life, particularly in boys.
Nasal sarcoidosis: a cause for a medical rhinoplasty?
Authors: van Griethuysen J , Kuchai R , Taghi A S , Saleh H A 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective:We report the use of triamcinolone injections to correct severe nasal deformity due to sarcoidosis, as an alternative to formal surgical rhinoplasty.Case report:A 30-year-old woman with a long-standing history of sarcoidosis presented to a tertiary referral rhinology clinic complaining of breathing difficulty and nasal deformity. Flexible nasoendoscopy revealed red nasal plaques typical of nasal sarcoidosis, together with significant widening of the nasal bridge. Triamcinolone, a long-acting corticosteroid, was injected both intralesionally and subcutaneously over the nasal dorsum, at zero, three and eight months, resulting in long-lasting improvement of the nasal shape.Conclusion:Sarcoidosis is a non-caseating, granulomatous, epithelioid inflammation. Otorhinolaryngological manifestations occur in approximately 10 per cent of patients; however, there is little published experience of nasal reconstruction in such patients. We describe a quick, simple and relatively cost-effective technique, with little or no co-morbidity, with which to improve the aesthetic and symptomatic outcomes of nasal sarcoidosis.
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea as a complication of endoscopic endonasal reduction of blowout fractures
Authors: Lee D-G , Cho K-S , Kim H-J , Roh H-J 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground:Unless the orbital contents are supported, the insertion of nasal packing material during endoscopic endonasal surgery may cause serious intracranial complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage.Methods:Case report and literature review.Results:We report a patient with iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea caused by intracranial entry of a Silastic sheet inserted into the nasal cavity. This skull defect and the surrounding skull base were successfully reconstructed in a multilayer fashion via an endoscopic endonasal approach.Conclusion:This case highlights the need for caution when inserting nasal packing material. During endoscopic endonasal reduction of blowout fractures, great care must be taken to support the orbital contents, in order to avoid serious intracranial complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
Clinical feasibility of temporal bone magnetic resonance imaging as a prognostic tool in idiopathic acute facial palsy
Authors: Jun B C , Chang K H , Lee S J , Park Y S 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective:To assess the feasibility of temporal bone magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating the severity and prognosis of idiopathic acute facial nerve palsy.Methods:Forty-four patients with idiopathic acute facial nerve palsy who had undergone gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were selected retrospectively. The degree of radiological facial nerve enhancement was determined using quantitative analysis (with region-of-interest measurements for separate facial nerve segments) and using subjective visual analysis. The clinical severity of facial nerve palsy was then correlated with the degree of facial nerve enhancement.Results:The visually determined degree of facial nerve enhancement did not correlate significantly with the House–Brackmann grade at either the early or late stages (p > 0.05). Results using the region-of-interest system were similar (p > 0.05).Conclusion:Temporal bone magnetic resonance imaging is not essential for patients with acute facial nerve palsy.
Organised haematoma of the maxillary sinus in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: Lee D H , Joo Y E , Lim S C 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective:Organised haematoma of the maxillary sinus may be present in chronic renal failure patients, because these patients are at high risk of haemorrhage.Case reports:We present two cases of organised haematoma of the maxillary sinus in patients with chronic renal failure.Conclusion:A diagnosis of organised haematoma of the maxillary sinus should be considered when a patient with a history of chronic renal failure develops unilateral, recurrent epistaxis and nasal obstruction.
Border monuments: memory, counter-memory, and (b)ordering practices along the US-Mexico border
Authors: AUCHTER JESSICA 
Published: July 2012

AbstractImmigrant deaths have increased in recent years due to changes in border enforcement practices, yet less attention has been paid to the memorialisation of undocumented immigrants who die crossing the US-Mexico border. This article explores the ordering mechanisms of statecraft through an examination of how the dead bodies of undocumented migrants pose a resistance to these mechanisms. I first lay out my conception of statecraft and the bordering practices involved in this specific context, then address the memorialisation of undocumented immigrants who lost their lives crossing the border. The article embarks on a journey through anonymous desert gravesites and small desert cemeteries haunted by the spectres of immigration. It explores the contestation surrounding memorialisation of death through the monument, the narratives of anonymity surrounding the memorialisation of undocumented immigrants, and the counter-memory discourses that emerge in an effort to rewrite the meaning of these migrant deaths. These counter-memorial discourses, I argue, posit desert border monuments as a threat to statecraft because they cannot be situated within the (b)ordering mechanisms of the state.
Human rights, state wrongs, and social change: the theory and practice of emancipation
Authors: BLAKELEY RUTH 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article demonstrates the significance of human rights for challenging state violence and terrorism. It is intended to enhance understanding of the concept of emancipation. Critical Security Studies has tended to focus on the individual as the agent of her/his own liberation. Yet many victims of oppression are not able to free themselves. Drawing on historical materialism, it is argued that collective agency on behalf of the oppressed has a necessary role to play in emancipatory politics. Emancipation is contingent on the capacity of specific agents, located socially and historically, to identify practices that might bring about change, structures that might be transformed, and appropriate agents that are in the best position to facilitate such change. This article shows how such collective social action has forced a reversal of some of the Bush administration's repressive policies, and has partially succeeded in curtailing the arbitrary use of US state power. This has been achieved through the national and international human rights architecture. Therefore, Marxian claims that human rights should be eschewed are mistaken, since they fail to acknowledge the emancipatory potential of human rights, the opportunities they provide for collective social action, and the role they can play in transformative social change.
Adam Smith and ordoliberalism: on the political form of market liberty
Authors: BONEFELD WERNER 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn the context of the contemporary crisis of neoliberal political economy, the politics of austerity has reasserted the liberal utility of the state as the political authority of market freedom. This article argues that economy has no independent existence, and that instead, economy is a political practice. It examines the political economy of Adam Smith and the German ordoliberal tradition to decipher the character of the political in political economy and its transformation from Smith's liberal theory into neoliberal theology. Ordoliberalism emerged in the late 1920s at a time of a manifest crisis of political economy, and its argument was fundamental for the development of the neoliberal conception that free economy is matter of strong state authority. The conclusion argues with Marx that the state is the concentrated force of free economy.
Nietzsche, Kant, the democratic state, and war
Authors: DROLET JEAN-FRANÇOIS 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article offers a reconstruction of Nietzsche's critique of Kant's scheme for perpetual peace distilled from his life-long confrontation with Kant's critical philosophy. Through this reading strategy, it sheds light on Nietzsche's controversial and yet surprisingly under-researched reflections on the problem of conflict and war in human affairs. Although Nietzsche embraced many of the basic premises of Kant's critical philosophical project, he considered the ethico-political conclusions Kant drew from these to be both irrational and nihilistic. From Nietzsche's perspective, Kant's thoughts on politics and International Relations rest on a fundamental misunderstanding of the phenomena of agency, statehood, and war that elides both the tragic relationship between politics and culture, and the violence which Nietzsche believes to be latent in all attempts at reconciling individual with collective autonomy. According to Nietzsche, Kant's influential association between liberal republicanism, freedom, and peace contributed unwittingly in ushering in the cult of the nation-state, which Nietzsche warned would engulf Europe into a wholly new kind of organised violence in the coming decades. Although clearly not without their uncritical assumptions and hubristic tendencies, Nietzsche's reflections on war and peace draw attention to some of the more insidious risks and difficulties attending liberal attempts at accommodating cosmopolitan values and principles within the framework of the modern nation state.
Global politics are domestic politics: a societal approach to divergence in the G20
Authors: SCHIRM STEFAN A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSince 2008, the leaders of industrialised and emerging economies have engaged in steering the global economy through the G20. Divergent national positions were to be expected based upon the different stages of economic development and according to previously existing international groups. The actual controversies in the G20 did not reflect these patterns, however, but showed divergence both between industrialised countries and between emerging economies. In explaining this puzzle, I argue that the driving forces for global economic governance have ceased to be industrialised or emerging countries' alliances and levels of development. Rather, the causes for the positions of G20 members can be found in economic interests and ideas dominant in the domestic politics of countries. These societal influences shape governmental preference formation in both industrialised and emerging countries and consequently influence their behaviour in global governance. The resulting divergences weaken previously existing groups such as the G7 and the BRICs, and create a new pattern in world politics. This societal approach to explaining governmental positions in global economic governance is exemplified on the core G20 issues of stimulus/public debt and global imbalances/exchange rates.