bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LABOR MOBILITY OF THE DIRECT CARE WORKFORCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROVISION OF LONG‐TERM CARE
Authors: Baughman Reagan A. , Smith Kristin E. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of labor supply of direct care workers, the lower‐skill nursing workers who provide the bulk of long‐term care for the elderly in the USA. Our estimates from the 1996 and 2001 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) show that the mean (median) duration of employment spells for the same direct care employer is only 9.7 (5.0) months. We find that fewer than one‐third of direct care workers leave a job to take another job in the direct care field. There is also little indication of upward mobility in the health sector; direct care workers are approximately equally likely to transition to working as Registered Nurses as they are to working in household service jobs. Additionally, the rate at which spells end in work‐limiting disability (5.4%) is very high compared with rates in similar occupations. We estimate duration models of direct care job spell length and find that, after correcting for the endogenous relationship between wages and tenure, wages appear to have a modest effect in preventing turnover; this effect is concentrated among the shortest spells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human bocavirus and other respiratory viral infections in a 2‐year cohort of hospitalized children
Authors: Uršič Tina , Jevšnik Monika , Žigon Nina , Krivec Uroš , Beden Andreja Borinc , Praprotnik Marina , Petrovec Miroslav 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHuman bocavirus (HBoV) infection is reported worldwide and may cause severe respiratory tract infections. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of HBoV, and other respiratory viral pathogens, in a 2‐year retrospective study of children admitted to hospital, and to investigate whether viral loads of HBoV DNA were associated with severity of infection. Between April 2007 and March 2009, 891 respiratory samples from 760 children admitted to hospital with acute respiratory tract infection were tested for the presence of respiratory viruses by real‐time PCR or direct immunofluorescence testing. HBoV DNA was detected by using internally controlled real‐time quantitative PCR assay and 25 samples selected at random were sequenced. The virus detected most frequently was rhinovirus, followed by respiratory syncytial virus, HBoV, and human metapneumovirus. HBoV DNA was detected in 18.4% of children admitted to hospital. HBoV was the only viral pathogen detected in 66/164 (40.2%) of HBoV DNA‐positive children and in 7.4% of all 891 samples. Ninety‐seven percent (64/66) of children with an HBoV single infection were diagnosed as having lower respiratory tract infection. Median HBoV DNA viral load was significantly higher in children when HBoV was detected as a single pathogen. Higher HBoV DNA viral loads were associated with prematurity and age. HBoV seems to be an important and frequent pathogen in respiratory tract infections in children, and it is likely that the severity of illness is comparable to the severity of RSV illness. J. Med. Virol. 84:99–108, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adefovir‐based combination therapy with entecavir or lamivudine for patients with entecavir‐refractory chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Kim Soon Sun , Cheong Jae Youn , Lee Dami , Lee Myoung Hee , Hong Sun Pyo , Kim Soo‐Ok , Cho Sung Won 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study evaluated the efficacy of adefovir (ADV) plus lamivudine (LAM) or ADV add‐on therapy for patients with entecavir (ETV)‐refractory hepatitis B infection. Twenty‐nine ETV‐resistant and 8 patients with suboptimal response to ETV were enrolled. Twenty‐seven patients received ADV + LAM therapy and 10 patients received ADV + ETV therapy for >24 weeks. In 29 patients who were ETV‐resistant, the mean reduction in HBV DNA levels at 24 weeks was not different between the ADV + LAM and ADV + ETV groups (−1.98 log10 IU/ml vs. −2.16 log10 IU/ml; P = 0.792). Primary non‐response was observed in 52.2% (12/23) of ADV + LAM group and 33.3% (2/6) of ADV + ETV group (P = 0.651). Initial virologic response (IVR) was observed in 17.4% (4/23) of ADV + LAM group and 33.3% (2/6) of ETV + ADV group (P = 0.362). In eight patients with suboptimal response to ETV, the ADV + ETV group had a greater reduction in HBV DNA at 24 and 48 weeks than the ADV + LAM group (−2.29 log10 IU/ml vs. −0.09 log10 IU/ml and −2.04 log10 IU/ml vs. −0.72 log10 IU/ml; P = 0.020 and P = 0.012, respectively). Primary non‐response and IVR did not significantly differ between the two groups [100% (4/4) vs. 50% (2/4) and 0% (0/4) vs. 50% (2/4); P = 0.429 and P = 0.429, respectively]. The antiviral efficacies of ADV‐based therapy with ETV or LAM for patients with ETV‐resistant hepatitis B were limited and did not differ between the two groups. However, adding ADV to ETV may be more effective than ADV + LAM therapy in patients with suboptimal virologic response to ETV. J. Med. Virol. 84:18–25, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Public awareness and knowledge of herpes labialis
Authors: Pica Francesca , Volpi Antonio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBetween 20% and 40% of the population is estimated to suffer from episodes of recurrent herpes labialis, although few reports in the literature have addressed the public awareness of this infection in the general population. The aims of this study were to determine the existing level of awareness and knowledge of this disease and to assess the source of this knowledge, the ability of the public to recognize the characteristics of the disease and the behavior of patients with clinical cases of disease manifestation. To this end, 2,000 individuals (961 male and 1,039 female) of 14 years of age and older were surveyed using the ECOcapi system [Eurisko Consumer Omnibus—CAPI (computer‐assisted personal interviewing) version]. Eighty‐nine percent of those surveyed had some knowledge of herpes labialis; 92% were able to refer to at least one symptom of herpes labialis, 91% were able to identify correctly his infection from pictures, and 45% had experienced personally at least one episode of herpes labialis infection. The majority of the individuals suffering from herpes labialis self‐medicated using a topical therapy. Women were found to be affected more commonly by herpes labialis than men [OR 1.42 (1.18–1.70)], and women were also more likely to recognize the disease [OR 1.65 (1.30–2.08)] and to seek medical advice for the condition [OR 1.38 (1.12–1.70)]. In conclusion, herpes labialis is a common and well‐known condition, and it is often self‐diagnosed correctly, as the prodromal phase and the use of self‐medication are very common. J. Med. Virol. 84:132–137, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The fast spiral‐SelMQC technique for in vivo MR spectroscopic imaging of polyunsaturated fatty acids in human breast tissue
Authors: Zhu He , Rubin Denis , He Qiuhong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe selective multiple‐quantum coherence transfer method has been applied to image polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) distributions in human breast tissues in vivo for cancer detection, with complete suppression of the unwanted lipid and water signals in a single scan. The Cartesian k‐space mapping of PUFA in vivo using the selective multiple‐quantum coherence transfer (Sel‐MQC) chemical shift imaging (CSI) technique, however, requires excessive MR scan time. In this article, we report a fast Spiral‐SelMQC sequence using a rapid spiral k‐space sampling scheme. The Spiral‐SelMQC images of PUFA distribution in human breast were acquired using two‐interleaved spirals on a 3 T GE Signa magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Approximately 160‐fold reduction of acquisition time was observed as compared with the corresponding selective multiple‐quantum coherence transfer CSI method with an equivalent number of scans, permitting acquisition of high‐resolution PUFA images in minutes. The reconstructed Spiral‐SelMQC PUFA images of human breast tissues achieved a sub‐millimeter resolution of 0.54 × 0.54 or 0.63 × 0.63 mm2/pixel for field of view = 14 or 16 cm, respectively. The Spiral‐SelMQC parameters for PUFA detection were optimized in 2D selective multiple‐quantum coherence transfer experiments to suppress monounsaturated fatty acids and other lipid signals. The fast in vivo Spiral‐SelMQC imaging method will be applied to study human breast cancer and other human diseases in extracranial organs. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Die Entwicklung selektiver α2‐Rezeptor‐Agonisten
Authors: Schmitz Jens , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSeit der Isolierung und chemischen sowie pharmakologischen Charakterisierung des Adrenalins vor mehr als 150 Jahren ist es gelungen, eine Vielzahl an Sympathomimetika zu entwickeln, die zwar selektiv an α1‐, α2‐ oder β‐Rezeptoren binden, jedoch gibt es bis heute keinen zugelassenen α2‐subtypselektiven Arzneistoff. Um eine gezielte Wirkung mit geringen Nebenwirkungen im Körper hervorzurufen, ist dies aber essenziell. In den letzten Jahren konnte für viele physiologische Prozesse, an denen α2‐Rezeptoren beteiligt sind, aufgeklärt werden, welcher Subtyp jeweils eine zentrale Rolle einnimmt und welche zellulären Systeme und Signaltransduktionswege beteiligt sind. Diese Erkenntnisse werden dazu beitragen, neue subtypselektive α2‐Sympathomimetika entwickeln zu können.
Innovative Plasma Generation in Flexible Biopsy Channels for Inner‐Tube Decontamination and Medical Applications
Authors: Polak Martin , Winter Jörn , Schnabel Uta , Ehlbeck Jörg , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn innovative device capable of generating a cold atmospheric pressure plasma inside a 5 m long flexible tube with 2 mm inner diameter is presented. In order to analyze the inner‐tube plasma, optical emission spectroscopy in the (vacuum) ultraviolet spectral range and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy were performed. By admixing small concentrations of nitrogen and oxygen to the standard argon gas flow rate of 1.5 slm, a drastically change in the plasma composition was observed. Additionally, it is possible to form a jet‐like plasma at the end of the tube. The microbicidal efficacy of the inner‐tube plasma and the jet‐like plasma was shown for Bacillus atrophaeus spores.magnified image
Disseminated Mycobacterium gordonae infection in a child with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Verma Nitin , Spencer David 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA 4‐year‐old girl with cystic fibrosis (CF) presented with unrelenting pyrexia commencing shortly after flushing of the central venous catheter (CVC). Mycobacterium gordonae was subsequently isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage, gastric washings, and lung biopsy. While this case most likely represents central line infection by a non‐tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) species, it is difficult to state this definitively in the absence of positive cultures from the CVC. We suggest that infection with NTM should always be considered in CF patients with indwelling devices and unexplained fever. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:517–518. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding stocks and flows through analogy
Authors: Gonzalez Cleotilde , Wong Hau‐yu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAlthough it has been suggested that people use the wrong cognitive procedures in solving stock and flow (SF) problems, we know little of what these mental procedures are. We present two experiments aimed at demonstrating the influence of analogical reasoning on SF failure. Results of Experiment 1 show that SF failure decreases when people are asked to compare problems that share behavioral similarity (common relations). However, the benefit of behavioral similarity depends on the surface similarity (common superficial object attributes). Results from Experiment 2 demonstrate that when the behavioral characteristics of the problems are unknown by the participants, the process of comparing two problems with behavioral similarity improves responses to a subsequent SF problem, regardless of the surface similarity between the problems. Surface similarity helps only when the behavioral similarity between the problems is already known. Implications for training and education in system dynamics are discussed. Copyright © 2011 System Dynamics Society.
Expanding horizons through global learning in out‐of‐school time
Authors: Menten Alexis 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe demands and opportunities of globalization involve not only America's economic competitiveness, but also national security, the need for tolerance in increasingly diverse communities, and a need to solve pressing social issues. To be successful, students need a comprehensive and integrated set of global learning experiences that help them expand their horizons from their neighborhood to the rest of the world. Schools as well as community partners and after‐school and summer programs all have an important role to play in restructuring educational opportunities to help all students become globally competent.
How first‐generation students learn to navigate education systems: A case study of First Graduate
Authors: Kirshner Ben , Saldivar Manuel Gerardo , Tracy Rita 
Published: October 2011

AbstractStudents from underrepresented groups who seek to become the first in their family to attend college confront economically and racially stratified education systems. This article reports findings from an evaluation of First Graduate, an organization that offers college advising, mentoring, tutoring, and case management to first‐generation students starting in seventh grade. We highlight three systems that youth say they encountered on their pathway to college: open enrollment, course taking, and college admissions. We describe how youth navigated these systems and the roles that adults played in support. Our conclusion discusses implications for how after‐school programs can support first‐generation students.
Die Entwicklung intellektueller Fähigkeiten bei Kindern mit ADHS im Langzeitverlauf – Ergebnisse der 8,5-Jahre-Katamnese der Kölner Adaptiven Multimodalen Therapiestudie (KAMT)
Authors: Schürmann Stephanie , Breuer Dieter , Metternich-Kaizman Tanja Wolff , Döpfner Manfred 
Published: October 2011

In einer Nachuntersuchung (8,5-Jahres Follow-up) von 16 – 22 jährigen Jugendlichen, die als Kinder aufgrund einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung multimodal behandelt worden waren, wurde die aktuelle Intelligenzleistung und das Intelligenzprofil mittels des K-TIM erhoben und unter Berücksichtigung der Effekte von Alter, Geschlecht und besuchter Schulform überprüft. Die Gesamtleistungsfähigkeit (SW 91) sowie die Skalen fluider und kristalliner Intelligenz liegen im unteren Durchschnittsbereich, wobei die fluide Intelligenz stärker ausgeprägt ist als die kristalline. Zudem wurden die aktuelle Leistungsfähigkeit mit der Leistungsfähigkeit zu Beginn (SW 96) und Ende der Intensivtherapie (SW 102) verglichen, die mittels der K-ABC erhoben wurde. Die längsschnittlichen Analysen zeigen Einzelkorrelationen im mittleren Bereich. Multiple Regressionsanalysen belegen den höchsten Einfluss auf die Skala Gesamtintelligenz (K-TIM) durch die Fertigkeitenskala (K-ABC) zu Behandlungsende mit fast 50 % Varianzaufklärung.
STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology – Molecular Epidemiology (STROBE‐ME): An extension of the STROBE statement
Authors: Gallo Valentina , Egger Matthias , McCormack Valerie , Farmer Peter B. , Ioannidis John P. A. , Kirsch‐Volders Micheline , Matullo Giuseppe , Phillips David H. , Schoket Bernadette , Stromberg Ulf , Vermeulen Roel , Wild Christopher , Porta Miquel , Vineis Paolo 
Published: October 2011

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (1): 1–16Summary pointsAdvances in laboratory techniques have led to a rapidly increasing use of biomarkers in epidemiological studies. Biomarkers of internal dose, early biological change, susceptibility and clinical outcomes are used as proxies for investigating interactions between external and/or endogenous agents and body components or processes. The need for improved reporting of scientific research led to influential statements of recommendations such as the STrengthening Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. The STROBE initiative established in 2004 aimed to provide guidance on how to report observational research. Its guidelines provide a user‐friendly checklist of 22 items to be reported in epidemiological studies, with items specific to the three main study designs: cohort studies, case–control studies and cross‐sectional studies. The present STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology –Molecular Epidemiology (STROBE‐ME) initiative builds on the STROBE statement implementing nine existing items of STROBE and providing 17 additional items to the 22 items of STROBE checklist. The additions relate to the use of biomarkers in epidemiological studies, concerning collection, handling and storage of biological samples; laboratory methods, validity and reliability of biomarkers; specificities of study design; and ethical considerations. The STROBE‐ME recommendations are intended to complement the STROBE recommendations.
Does delivery mode affect women’s postpartum quality of life in rural China?
Authors: Huang Kun , Tao Fangbiao , Liu Liu , Wu Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2011

Aims and objectives.  To explore the impact of delivery mode on women’s postpartum quality of life in rural China and probe factors influencing postnatal quality of life.Background.  Childbirth significantly affects puerpera’s physical, psychological and social domains of quality of life. Under the circumstance of increasing high caesarean section rate in rural China, the impact of delivery mode on postnatal quality of life remains unclear.Design.  Cross‐sectional study design.Methods.  Women residing in rural areas and in their 0–12 months after childbirth from 30 rural townships participated in a household survey. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate women’s socio‐demographic characteristics, previous pregnant experiences, foetal characteristics and use of maternal health services. The scale for rural postnatal quality of life was adopted to assess postnatal quality of life from six dimensions: physical complaints and pain, sleep and energy, sex satisfaction, interpersonal communication, self‐evaluated living stress and perceived life satisfaction.Results.  The overall caeserean section rate was 70·0% (962/1375), and most of them (59·7%) were selected by maternal request. None of six dimensions and total score of quality of life displayed significant difference between women with normal delivery and cesaerean section. It was found that postnatal home visit related to good postnatal quality of life and lower husband education level, male gender of infant were associated with poor quality of life.Conclusions.  Delivery mode did not affect postpartum quality of life in rural China. Socio‐cultural determinants may contribute more in influencing postnatal quality of life.Relevance to clinical practice.  Null findings in impact of delivery mode on postpartum quality of life may cause more difficulties in maternal decision‐making for vaginal delivery in rural China. The importance of postnatal home visit could justify available and quality postnatal care in improving postpartum quality of life. Further research needs to explore the effective prevention programmes, especially attention for parenting boys.
Promoting argumentation in primary science contexts: an analysis of students' interactions in formal and informal learning environments
Authors: Simon S. , Johnson S , Cavell S. , Parsons T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe paper reports on the outcomes of a study that utilized a graphical tool, Digalo, to stimulate argumentative interactions in both school and informal learning settings. Digalo was developed in a European study to explore argumentation in a range of learning environments. The focus here is on the potential for using Digalo in promoting argumentative interactions of students in primary science, first, in a school‐based context of students investigating and learning about electricity, and second, in a hands‐on science discovery centre where students are interacting with different scientific phenomena. Data sources included observations of students using Digalo in the two contexts and the resultant Digalo maps. Analysis of observations focused on students' engagement and interactions, and of Digalo maps in terms of the process and content of argumentation. A previously developed level system was used to evaluate the process of argumentation. The study has revealed some limitations of Digalo as a teaching resource, but has provided insights into ways in which students build their knowledge with the help of Digalo as they interact with each other and with scientific phenomena.
The messages they send: e‐mail use by adolescents with and without a history of specific language impairment (SLI)
Authors: Conti‐Ramsden Gina , Durkin Kevin , Walker Allan J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground: Contemporary adolescents use e‐mail for a variety of purposes, including peer communication and education. Research into these uses has focused on typically developing individuals; much less is known about the use of e‐mail by exceptional youth.Aims: The present study examined the structure and form of e‐mail messages sent by adolescents with and without a history of specific language impairment (SLI).Methods & Procedures: Thirty‐eight adolescents with a history of SLI and 56 typically developing (TD) peers were assessed on measures of nonverbal abilities, core language skills and literacy skills (reading and spelling). The participants were asked to compose an e‐mail reply to a standard e‐mail sent by an experimenter. These reply e‐mails were coded for linguistic structure, readability and spelling errors. Two adult raters, blind to the participants’ language ability, judged how understandable the e‐mails were, how grammatically correct the e‐mails were, and also the sender's command of the English language.Outcomes & Results: Adolescents with a history of SLI produced e‐mails that were similar to those sent by their TD peers in terms of structure and readability. However, they made significantly more spelling errors. Furthermore, the adult raters considered the messages from participants with a history of SLI to be of poorer standard than those sent by their TD peers.Conclusions & Implications: The findings suggest that the e‐mail messages of adolescents with a history of SLI provide indicators of the sender's language and literacy skills. Implications for intervention and technology development are discussed.
John Inkster
Authors: Brown T.C.K. 
Published: October 2011

John InksterJohn Inkster died on September 10th 2011. He started life early, weighing only 2 pounds (0.9 kg). The outlook for him and his twin sister was poor so his mother, who was a nurse trained at the Childrens Hospital, Great Ormond Street, took them home to look after them herself. This showed that very small premature babies could survive with special care that did not include all the modern techniques.He was educated at Epsom College and graduated as a doctor from Aberdeen University in 1945. His first job was at Hampstead where they did their ward work in the morning and took over the anesthetics in the afternoon from the anesthetists – a frightening situation as they had no training. He was in the army for 3½ years, still giving anesthetics with little training. In 1950, he went to Newcastle where he undertook 3 years training. He worked with Professor E.A. Pask, as his first assistant, and Philip Ayre who had a particular interest in cleft lips and palates.