bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and neonatal outcomes in the Torres Strait Islands with a sixfold increase in type 2 diabetes in pregnancy over six years
Authors: FALHAMMAR Henrik , DAVIS Bronwyn , BOND Dianne , SINHA Ashim K. 
Published: March 2010

Background:  Torres Strait Islander population has a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Aims:  To review pregnancy data of women and their newborns living in the Torres Strait area.Methods:  All medical charts of mothers and their neonates delivered in two one‐year periods (1999 and 2005/2006) were reviewed. The initial screening test for diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) was a random blood glucose level followed by an oral glucose challenge test in 1999 and from 2000 an oral glucose tolerance test.Results:  Diabetes in pregnancy increased by 4.3–13.3% and T2DM by 0.8–4.6%. During the two periods, 258 and 196 mothers delivered respectively 84–92% by midwives/general practitioners at the local hospital and 7–16% by midwives/obstetricians at the regional hospital; in 2005/2006, 58% of women with DIP delivered at the regional hospital. Screening increased from 89.2 to 99.5%. DIP mothers were older and heavier with more hypertension and previous miscarriages. Parity decreased in the DIP mother during the two periods. Caesarean section was five times more common for DIP in 2005/2006 versus non‐DIP, while in 1999, there was no difference. In 1999, the DIP infants were heavier, longer (P = 0.053) and had a larger head circumference not seen 2005/2006. There was more neonatal trauma, hypoglycaemia and IV dextrose in the DIP infants. Breastfeeding numbers increased in DIP. In 2005/2006, follow‐up of gestational diabetes occurred in 47% (all normal).Conclusion:  A massive increase in DIP was seen. The neonatal outcomes improved slightly. There is need for improvement in follow‐up of gestational diabetes.
Short‐term clinical and quality‐of‐life outcomes in women treated by the TVT‐Secur procedure
Authors: LIM Jeanette L. , De CUYPER Eva M.J. , CORNISH Ann , FRAZER Malcolm 
Published: March 2010

Background:  The TVT‐Secur (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA) is a minimally invasive suburethral synthetic sling used in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence. It claims to cause less postoperative pain and to enable performing in an office setting. However, this may be at the expense of a significant learning curve and a higher early failure rate.Aims:  To assess objectively the success rate of the TVT‐Secur procedure in the ‘U’ configuration at six months. Secondary outcomes focussed on subjective success rates, complications, patient satisfaction and quality‐of‐life (QOL).Methods:  A prospective observational study was undertaken at two tertiary referral urogynaecology centres. A cohort of 42 consecutive patients with urodynamic stress incontinence who underwent the TVT‐Secur procedure in the ‘U’ configuration between November 2006 and August 2007 were followed up for six months. Three standardised QOL questionnaires were completed preoperatively and at six months. A urogenital history, visual analogue score (VAS) for patient satisfaction, uroflow and urinary stress test were performed at six months.Results:  Recruitment was ceased prematurely because of a high number of early failures. Objective and subjective success rates at six months were 58.3% and 51.3% respectively. Complications included urinary tract infections, voiding difficulty, groin discomfort, haematoma, vaginal pain, tape erosion and intra‐operative dislodgement of tape. Prevalence of de novo urge incontinence was 10.3%. Only symptom‐specific QOL scores improved and only 48.6% indicated a high level satisfaction (VAS ≥ 80%) with TVT‐Secur.Conclusion:  On the basis of this limited study, we are hesitant to recommend the ‘U’ configuration of the TVT‐Secur over its more established counterparts, the TVT and TVT‐O.
Through Neural Stimulation to Behavior Manipulation: A Novel Method for Analyzing Dynamical Cognitive Models
Authors: Hope Thomas , Stoianov Ivilin , Zorzi Marco 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe dynamical systems’ approach to cognition (Dynamicism) promises computational models that effectively embed cognitive processing within its more natural behavioral context. Dynamical cognitive models also pose difficult, analytical challenges, which motivate the development of new analytical methodology. We start by illustrating the challenge by applying two conventional analytical methods to a well‐known Dynamicist model of categorical perception. We then introduce our own analysis, which works by analogy with neural stimulation methods, and which yields some novel insights into the way the model works. We then extend and apply the method to a second Dynamicist model, which captures the key psychophysical trends that emerge when humans and animals compare two numbers. The results of the analysis—which reveals units with tuning functions that are monotonically related to the magnitudes of the numbers that the agents must compare—offer a clear contribution to the contentious debate concerning the way number information is encoded in the brain.
Patients' experiences of the impact of periodontal disease
Authors: O'Dowd Louise K. , Durham Justin , McCracken Giles I. , Preshaw Philip M. 
Published: March 2010

O'Dowd LK, Durham J, McCracken GI, Preshaw PM. Patients' experiences of the impact of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 334–339. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01545.x.AbstractAim: To examine critically patients' experiences of the impact of periodontal disease on their daily lives.Material and Methods: Semi‐structured interviews of a purposive sample of patients with periodontal conditions were conducted using a flexible evolving topic guide. Data collection and analysis were an inductive, iterative process that occurred concurrently. The data were organized in a framework and recurrent themes identified. Interviews occurred until it was felt that no new themes or ideas were being expressed by respondents (n=14).Results: Effects of periodontal disease on patients' daily lives included impairment, functional limitation, discomfort and disability (including physical, psychosocial and social disability). A large number of the emergent themes from the analysis were relevant to the domains of Locker's conceptual model of oral health. The domain within Locker's model that had no data relevant to it in the context of periodontal disease was death. Two additional themes emerged that appeared unrelated to Locker's model, these were stigma and retrospective regret.Conclusion: Periodontal disease reportedly affects patients' lives in a negative manner in a variety of ways. This is of relevance in the management of patients with periodontitis.
Evaluation of an injectable rhGDF‐5/PLGA construct for minimally invasive periodontal regenerative procedures: a histological study in the dog
Authors: Kwon David H. , Bennett William , Herberg Samuel , Bastone Patrizia , Pippig Susanne , Rodriguez Nancy A. , Susin Cristiano , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: March 2010

Kwon DH, Bennett W, Herberg S, Bastone P, Pippig S, Rodriguez NA, Susin C, Wikesjö UME. Evaluation of an injectable rhGDF‐5/PLGA construct for minimally invasive periodontal regenerative procedures: a histological study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 390–397. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01546.x.AbstractAim: To evaluate the injectability, biocompatibility, safety, and periodontal wound healing/regeneration following application of a novel bioresorbable recombinant human growth/differentiation factor‐5 (rhGDF‐5)/poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) construct.Material and Methods: Periodontal pockets (3 × 6 mm, width × depth) were surgically created over the buccal roots of the second and fourth mandibular pre‐molars in eight adult Hound Labrador mongrel dogs. Surgeries including injection of the rhGDF‐5/PLGA construct into the pockets were sequenced that four animals provided 2‐/4‐week and four animals 6‐/8‐week observations of sites receiving rhGDF‐5/PLGA or serving as sham‐surgery control.Results: The rhGDF‐5/PLGA construct was easy to prepare and apply. Approximately 0.2 ml (93 μg rhGDF‐5)/tooth was used. Clinical and radiographic healing was exemplary without adverse events. Healing was characterized by a non‐specific connective tissue attachment, acellular/cellular cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL), bone regeneration, and a junctional epithelium. PLGA fragments were observed in 4/7, 2/8, and 1/8 sites at 2, 4, and 6 weeks, respectively. Associated inflammatory reactions exhibited no limiting effect on periodontal wound healing/regeneration. Root resorption/ankylosis was not observed. Bone formation showed apparent increased maturity (lamellar bone) at 6 weeks in sites receiving rhGDF‐5/PLGA compared with the control. Both protocols exhibited significant increases in PDL, cementum, and bone regeneration over time, without significant differences between treatments. In time, PDL and cementum regeneration was twofold greater for the control at 4 weeks (p=0.04) while increased bone formation was observed at sites receiving rhGDF‐5/PLGA (p<0.01).Conclusions: In conclusion, the rhGDF‐5/PLGA construct appears to be a safe technology for injectable, ease‐of‐use application of rhGDF‐5‐stimulated periodontal wound healing/regeneration. Additional work to optimize the polymer carrier and rhGDF‐5 release kinetics/dose might be required before evaluating the efficacy of this technology in clinical settings using minimally invasive approaches.
Oral juvenile xanthogranuloma: report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Dissanayaka W.L. , Jayasooriya P.R. , Wickramasuriya G. , Dias D.K. , Tilakaratne W.M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractJuvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign histiocytic tumour predominantly seen in the skin. Oral lesions are rare and the present article reports two cases of oral JXG, one that developed in the posterior palate of a 15 year old boy and the other which developed in the right side maxillary antrum of a 2 year old child. The purpose of this article is to describe two additional cases of oral JXG, one a histologically atypical JXG and the other a clinically rare JXG.
IMPROVEMENT IN EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE FOR TEACHERS OF BOTANY
Authors: Jennison H. M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAs the title suggests, the writer offers something in the way of improvement of the traditional written examination. A comparison of the essay type of examination with the newer objective type leaves little in favor of the former where a measure of the student's knowledge of a subject is the chief purpose of the examiner. Several examples of objective tests are given and methods of devising the newer type of examination are discussed in the complete paper. Nearly five years experimenting and use of the newer examination in connection with teaching classes in Botany at the University of Tennessee finds the writer more favorably disposed to the use of this type of examination because (1) it can be made to measure what it is really intended to measure, (2) degree to which personal judgment is eliminated in grading, (3) it possesses reliability in accuracy and consistency of measurement, (4) it may be quickly and easily scored, (5) less fatiguing for student as well as instructor.
Problem Department
Authors: Willerding Margaret F. 
Published: March 2010

This department aims to provide problems of varying degrees of difficulty which will interest anyone engaged in the study of mathematics.All readers are invited to propose problems and to solve problems here proposed. Drawings to illustrate the problems should be well done in India ink. Problems and solutions will be credited to their authors. Each solution or proposed problem sent the Editor should have the author's name introducing the problem or solution as on the following pages.The editor of the Department desires to serve her readers by making it interesting and helpful to them. Address suggestions and problems to Margaret F. Willerding, San Diego State College, San Diego, Calif., 92115
Treatment of an osteoblastic osteosarcoma in an aged gelding
Authors: Springer T. , Elce Y. A. , Green E. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryA 27‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding was examined for a right nasal mass visible inside the right nares. Airflow through the right nostril was absent. Endoscopy and radiography revealed the mass to occupy the entire right nasal passage. Nasal biopsies were inconclusive, soen blocresection was performed. A diagnosis of an incompletely resected osteoblastic osteosarcoma was made. Endoscopic biopsies performed 4 weeks post surgery revealed osteosarcoma cells present in the caudal right nasal cavity. Metastatic disease was not present in mandibular lymph node aspirates or on thoracic radiographs. The right nasal passage was irradiated with 12 treatments over the course of 4 weeks. Comfort and quality of life were excellent during treatment and no adverse side effects were noted. Endoscopy and follow‐up biopsies at 1, 2, 4, 12 and 14 months post radiation therapy have not found any evidence of regrowth of the osteosarcoma.
Urinothorax in a Quarter Horse filly
Authors: Vander Werf K. A. , Beard L. A. , McMurphy R. M. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryAn 18 h old Quarter Horse filly, while being treated for diarrhoea, was evaluated for a distended abdomen and electrolyte abnormalities. Peritoneal and pleural fluid was detected by ultrasound and a presumptive diagnosis of a ruptured bladder was made. Intravenous fluid therapy was instituted to correct the electrolyte abnormalities prior to surgical repair of the bladder tear. Anaesthetic complications included hypoxaemia and decreased compliance secondary to the pleural effusion; therefore, a thoracocentesis was performed. Analysis of the pleural fluid revealed a pleural fluid to serum creatinine ratio of >1.0, indicative of urinothorax. The filly recovered from anaesthesia and was discharged on systemic antimicrobials. Urinothorax should be considered in cases of uroperitoneum with concurrent pleural effusion. Early detection may decrease patient morbidity and anaesthetic complications.
Permanent colostomy after small colon prolapse in a parturient mare
Authors: Espinosa Buschiazzo C. A. , Cancela M. C. J. , Simian M. V. 
Published: March 2010

SummarySmall colon prolapse is a possible complication during parturition and diarrhoea. A case diagnosed in a mare during birth labour was reduced by the attending veterinarian at the farm, and referred to the authors for evaluation. After thorough physical examination, blood and peritoneal fluid tests, a ruptured mesocolon was suspected and the mare explored under general anaesthesia by a median celiotomy approach. During the procedure the affected mesocolon‐rectum was confirmed and a resection of the intestine elected. After prolapsing the segment of damaged viscera a permanent end colostomy was performed. Fourteen months later and after an uneventful recovery, the mare was in a very good physical condition and waiting to be covered for the next breeding season.
Dystocia in Friesian mares: Prevalence, causes and outcome following caesarean section
Authors: Maaskant A. , De Bruijn C. M. , Schutrups A. H. , Stout T. A. E. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryFriesian horses appear to suffer a relatively high incidence of dystocia but there are, to the authors' knowledge, no published reports on the incidence or types of dystocia in Friesian horses. A retrospective survey of clinical details and post treatment recovery was performed for 66 mares referred to Wolvega Equine Hospital for dystocia during 2001–2006. Friesian mares appear to be particularly prone to dystocia due to fetal ankylosis or transverse presentation. However, despite dystocia of relatively long duration prior to caesarean section, post operative survival and fertility of mares and, more surprisingly, survival of foals were similar to those reported in surveys for other breeds.
Trema micrantha toxicity in horses in Brazil
Authors: BANDARRA P. M. , PAVARINI S. P. , RAYMUNDO D. L. , CORRÊA A. M. R. , PEDROSO P. M. O. , DRIEMEIER D. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryAfter ingesting green leaves of T. micrantha, 2 horses showed apathy, locomotor deficit, blindness, recumbency, paddling, coma and death. The main gross findings were scattered haemorrhages, enhanced lobular pattern of the liver, and cerebral oedema. Histological changes included disseminated haemorrhages, massive hepatocellular necrosis, neuronal degeneration, Alzheimer type II astrocytes and cerebral perivascular oedema. Clinicopathological findings which were comparable with those observed in Trema micrantha poisoned ruminants, associated with epidemiological evidence suggested the diagnosis.Trema micrantha poisoning should be evaluated as a possible cause in the diagnosis of equine hepatopathy and occasional secondary encephalopathy.
Genome Sequence of the Edible Cyanobacterium
Arthrospira
sp. PCC 8005
Authors: Janssen P. J. , Morin N. , Mergeay M. , Leroy B. , Wattiez R. , Vallaeys T. , Waleron K. , Waleron M. , Wilmotte A. , Quillardet P. , de Marsac N. Tandeau , Talla E. , Zhang C.-C. , Leys N. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

We determined the genome sequence of
Arthrospira
sp. PCC 8005, a cyanobacterial strain of great interest to the European Space Agency for its nutritive value and oxygenic properties in the Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative (MELiSSA) biological life support system for long-term manned missions into space.
Repellent Taxis in Response to Nickel Ion Requires neither Ni
2+
Transport nor the Periplasmic NikA Binding Protein
Authors: Englert Derek L. , Adase Christopher A. , Jayaraman Arul , Manson Michael D. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Ni
2+
and Co
2+
are sensed as repellents by the
Escherichia coli
Tar chemoreceptor. The periplasmic Ni
2+
binding protein, NikA, has been suggested to sense Ni
2+
. We show here that neither NikA nor the membrane-bound NikB and NikC proteins of the Ni
2+
transport system are required for repellent taxis in response to Ni
2+
.
The
Escherichia coli mqsR
and
ygiT
Genes Encode a New Toxin-Antitoxin Pair
Authors: Kasari Villu , Kurg Kristi , Margus Tõnu , Tenson Tanel , Kaldalu Niilo 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are plasmid- or chromosome-encoded protein complexes composed of a stable toxin and a short-lived inhibitor of the toxin. In cultures of
Escherichia coli
, transcription of toxin-antitoxin genes was induced in a nondividing subpopulation of bacteria that was tolerant to bactericidal antibiotics. Along with transcription of known toxin-antitoxin operons, transcription of
mqsR
and
ygiT
, two adjacent genes with multiple TA-like features, was induced in this cell population. Here we show that
mqsR
and
ygiT
encode a toxin-antitoxin system belonging to a completely new family which is represented in several groups of bacteria. The
mqsR
gene encodes a toxin, and ectopic expression of this gene inhibits growth and induces rapid shutdown of protein synthesis
in vivo
.
ygiT
encodes an antitoxin, which protects cells from the effects of MqsR. These two genes constitute a single operon which is transcriptionally repressed by the product of
ygiT
. We confirmed that transcription of this operon is induced in the ampicillin-tolerant fraction of a growing population of
E. coli
and in response to activation of the HipA toxin. Expression of the MqsR toxin does not kill bacteria but causes reversible growth inhibition and elongation of cells.
Prokaryotic Ubiquitin-Like Protein Provides a Two-Part Degron toMycobacteriumProteasome Substrates
Authors: Burns Kristin E. , Pearce Michael J. , Darwin K. Heran 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTProkaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup) is a posttranslational modifier that targets proteins for degradation by the mycobacterial proteasome. We show that the disordered amino terminus of Pup is required for degradation, while the helical carboxyl terminus mediates its attachment to proteins. Thus, Pup has distinct regions that either interact with pupylation enzymes or initiate proteasomal degradation.
Genetic and Functional Analysis of the Soluble Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase from
Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Klaffl Simon , Eikmanns Bernhard J. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Soluble, divalent cation-dependent oxaloacetate decarboxylases (ODx) catalyze the irreversible decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to pyruvate and CO
2
. Although these enzymes have been characterized in different microorganisms, the genes that encode them have not been identified, and their functions have been only poorly analyzed so far. In this study, we purified a soluble ODx from wild-type
C. glutamicum
about 65-fold and used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis and peptide mass fingerprinting for identification of the corresponding
odx
gene. Inactivation and overexpression of
odx
led to an absence of ODx activity and to a 30-fold increase in ODx specific activity, respectively; these findings unequivocally confirmed that this gene encodes a soluble ODx. Transcriptional analysis of
odx
indicated that there is a leaderless transcript that is organized in an operon together with a putative
S
-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase gene. Biochemical analysis of ODx revealed that the molecular mass of the native enzyme is about 62 ± 1 kDa and that the enzyme is composed of two ∼29-kDa homodimeric subunits and has a

K
m

for oxaloacetate of 1.4 mM and a
V
max
of 201 μmol of oxaloacetate converted per min per mg of protein, resulting in a
k
cat
of 104 s
−1
. Introduction of plasmid-borne
odx
into a pyruvate kinase-deficient
C. glutamicum
strain restored growth of this mutant on acetate, indicating that a high level of ODx activity redirects the carbon flux from oxaloacetate to pyruvate
in vivo
. Consistently, overexpression of the
odx
gene in an
l
-lysine-producing strain of
C. glutamicum
led to accumulation of less
l
-lysine. However, inactivation of the
odx
gene did not improve
l
-lysine production under the conditions tested.
A Genetic Determinant in
Streptococcus gordonii
Challis Encodes a Peptide with Activity Similar to That of Enterococcal Sex Pheromone cAM373, Which Facilitates Intergeneric DNA Transfer
Authors: Vickerman M. M. , Flannagan S. E. , Jesionowski A. M. , Brossard K. A. , Clewell D. B. , Sedgley C. M. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Enterococcus faecalis
strains secrete multiple peptides representing different sex pheromones that induce mating responses by bacteria carrying specific conjugative plasmids. The pheromone cAM373, which induces a response by the enterococcal plasmid pAM373, has been of interest because a similar activity is also secreted by
Streptococcus gordonii
and
Staphylococcus aureus
. The potential to facilitate intergeneric DNA transfer from
E. faecalis
is of concern because of extensive multiple antibiotic resistance, including vancomycin resistance, that has emerged among enterococci in recent years. Here, we characterize the related pheromone determinant in
S. gordonii
and show that the peptide it encodes,
gordonii
-cAM373, does indeed induce transfer of plasmid DNA from
E. faecalis
into
S. gordonii
. The streptococcal determinant
camG
encodes a lipoprotein with a leader sequence, the last 7 residues of which represent the
gordonii
-cAM373 heptapeptide SVFILAA. Synthetic forms of the peptide had activity similar to that of the enterococcal cAM373 AIFILAS. The lipoprotein moiety bore no resemblance to the lipoprotein encoded by
E. faecalis
. We also identified determinants in
S. gordonii
encoding a signal peptidase and an Eep-like zinc metalloprotease (
lspA
and
eep
, respectively) similar to those involved in processing certain pheromone precursors in
E. faecalis
. Mutations generated in
camG
,
lspA
, and
eep
each resulted in the ablation of
gordonii
-cAM373 activity in culture supernatants. This is the first genetic analysis of a potential sex pheromone system in a commensal oral streptococcal species, which may have implications for intergeneric gene acquisition in oral biofilms.