bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coagulation factor XIII variants with altered thrombin activation rates
Authors: Andersen Mette Dahl , Kjalke Marianne , Bang Susanne , Lautrup-Larsen Inger , Becker Peter , Andersen Asser Sloth , Olsen Ole Hvilsted , Stennicke Henning R. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) is activated by thrombin and catalyses crosslinking between fibrin monomers thereby providing mechanical strength to the fibrin network. V34L is a common FXIII-A polymorphism found in the activation peptide. FXIII-A V34L is activated faster by thrombin and provides formation of a tighter clot at fibrinogen concentrations in the low end of the physiological range. FXIII-A variants with potentially increased activation rates were generated. Introduction of an optimal thrombin cleavage site, V34L+V35T, increased the activation rate 7.6-fold and facilitated the formation of a fibrin network more resistant to fibrinolysis than obtained with wt FXIII-A. In contrast, introduction of fragments of fibrinopeptide A into the activation peptide resulted in severely impaired activation rates.
Binding and activation of the human plasma kinin-forming system on the cell walls of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis
Authors: Karkowska-Kuleta Justyna , Kozik Andrzej , Rapala-Kozik Maria 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Bacterial infections often upregulate the plasma kinin-forming cascade of the host (the ‘contact system’) which is triggered by adsorption of high molecular mass kininogen (HK), coagulation factor XII (FXII) and prekallikrein (pHPK) on the host or pathogen cell surfaces. A possible activation of the contact system upon infection of the human host by major fungal pathogens of Candida species has not been extensively explored until a recent report of tight binding of HK to the cell walls of these fungi. In the current study, the adsorption of the other contact system components to the cell surfaces of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis was characterized. FXII was found to be tightly bound by Candida germ tube forms, to a level 5-fold higher than that for HK. In contrast, pHPK bound poorly but its additional amounts could dock to the cell wall through the surface-bound HK. It was also shown that within the complex of these proteins assembled on the cell walls of fungal hyphae, pHPK could be activated by FXIIa and the active HPK effectively produced kinins from HK. It is suggested that kinins, released at the Candida cell wall, can promote host colonization by the pathogen and the development of infection.
Set-theoretic State Observation of Disturbed Linear Systems with Parametric UncertaintiesMengentheoretische Zustandsbeobachtung linearer Systeme unter Störungen und Parameterunbestimmtheiten
Authors: de Léon Cantón Plinio , Lunze Jan 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This publication presents a method for guaranteed state observation of uncertain linear systems, which is based on polyhedric approximations of the state sets. The method computes minimal enclosures of the set of reachable states that are consistent with the inputs, the outputs and the system dynamics. The main result is a new method for the determination of these sets, which is less conservative than the methods currently used. The efficiency of this state-set observation method is illustrated by its application to a mobile robot.
Das Internet der Energie. Trends in der Automatisierung von EnergienetzenInternet for Energy
Authors: Rehtanz Christian , Wietfeld Christian 
Published: October 2009

Zusammenfassung
Der Prozess der elektrischen Energieübertragung und -verteilung wird durch das europaweite Marktgeschehen und die Integration erneuerbarer Energiequellen zunehmend komplexer. Die Informations-, Kommunikations- und Leittechnik muss diesen Herausforderungen neue Lösungen entgegensetzen. Trends und Ansätze hierzu werden in diesem Artikel vorgestellt.
Test statischer Eigenschaften ausgewählter NeigungssensorenTest of Static Properties of a Variety Tiltmeters
Authors: Woschitz Helmut 
Published: October 2009

Zusammenfassung
Im Bauwesen werden Neigungssensoren bei unterschiedlichsten Anwendungen eingesetzt. Neben statischen Anwendungen wie Überwachungsmessungen werden sie zunehmend bei kinematischen Vermessungsaufgaben, z. B. der Positionierung von Fertigteilen, eingesetzt. Eine Genauigkeit von 0,01° ist für viele Anwendungen ausreichend. Gewohnte Verfahren wie die Umschlagmessung sind aber oftmals nicht möglich, weshalb die Stabilität der Kenngrößen der Sensoren essenziell ist. In diesem Beitrag werden einfache Tests zur Überprüfung statischer Eigenschaften vorgestellt und Resultate von 11 ausgewählten Neigungssensoren zusammengefasst. Ein weiterer Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Bestimmung dynamischer Eigenschaften.
Erprobung eines Messsystems mit Datenbus und dezentraler Datenspeicherung für den Einsatz bei FallprüfungenValidation of a Measuring System with Data Bus and Local Data Recording for Application in Drop Tests
Authors: Bartholmai Matthias , Werner Klaus-Dieter , Kammermeier Michael , Köppe Enrico 
Published: October 2009

Zusammenfassung
Zur Untersuchung der Sicherheit von Behältern für den Transport und die Lagerung von Gefahrstoffen und -gütern werden Fallprüfungen durchgeführt. Die Aufpralldynamik und die strukturmechanischen Einwirkungen auf den Behälter werden mittels Beschleunigungsaufnehmern und Dehnungsmessstreifen erfasst. Dabei kommen derzeit Vielkanalmesssysteme zum Einsatz, die eine Verkabelung jeder einzelnen Messstelle und somit das Mitfallen eines Kabelbaums erfordern, wodurch Probleme bei der Versuchsvorbereitung und Durchführung entstehen. Die Verwendung eines Messsystems mit Datenbus und dezentraler Datenspeicherung bietet diesbezüglich einen vielversprechenden Lösungsansatz.
Comparison of Mating Designs for Establishing Nested Association Mapping Populations in Maize and Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Stich Benjamin 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The nested association mapping (NAM) strategy promises to combine the advantages of linkage mapping and association mapping. The objectives of my research were to (i) investigate by computer simulations the power and type I error rate for detecting quantitative trait loci (QTL) with additive effects using recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of maize derived from various mating designs, (ii) compare these estimates to those obtained for RIL populations of Arabidopsis thaliana, (iii) examine for both species the optimum number of inbreds used as parents of the NAM populations, and (iv) provide on the basis of the results of these two model species a general guideline for the design of NAM populations in other plant species. The computer simulations were based on empirical data of a set of 26 diverse maize inbred lines and a set of 20 A. thaliana inbreds both representing a large part of the genetic diversity of the corresponding species. I observed considerable differences in the power for QTL detection between NAM populations of the same size but created on the basis of different crossing schemes. This finding illustrated the potential to improve the power for QTL detection without increasing the total resources necessary for a QTL mapping experiment. Furthermore, my results clearly indicated that it is advantageous to create NAM populations from a large number of parental inbreds.
ACaenorhabditis elegansRNA-Directed RNA Polymerase in Sperm Development and Endogenous RNA Interference
Authors: Gent Jonathan I , Schvarzstein Mara , Villeneuve Anne M , Gu Sam Guoping , Jantsch Verena , Fire Andrew Z , Baudrimont Antoine 
Published: October 2009

AbstractShort interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are a class of regulatory effectors that enforce gene silencing through formation of RNA duplexes. Although progress has been made in identifying the capabilities of siRNAs in silencing foreign RNA and transposable elements, siRNA functions in endogenous gene regulation have remained mysterious. In certain organisms, siRNA biosynthesis involves novel enzymes that act as RNA-directed RNA polymerases (RdRPs). Here we analyze the function of a Caenorhabditis elegans RdRP, RRF-3, during spermatogenesis. We found that loss of RRF-3 function resulted in pleiotropic defects in sperm development and that sperm defects led to embryonic lethality. Notably, sperm nuclei in mutants of either rrf-3 or another component of the siRNA pathway, eri-1, were frequently surrounded by ectopic microtubule structures, with spindle abnormalities in a subset of the resulting embryos. Through high-throughput small RNA sequencing, we identified a population of cellular mRNAs from spermatogenic cells that appear to serve as templates for antisense siRNA synthesis. This set of genes includes the majority of genes known to have enriched expression during spermatogenesis, as well as many genes not previously known to be expressed during spermatogenesis. In a subset of these genes, we found that RRF-3 was required for effective siRNA accumulation. These and other data suggest a working model in which a major role of the RRF-3/ERI pathway is to generate siRNAs that set patterns of gene expression through feedback repression of a set of critical targets during spermatogenesis.
Pediatric Burn Injuries Treated in US Emergency Departments Between 1990 and 2006
Authors: D'Souza Anjali L. , Nelson Nicolas G. , McKenzie Lara B. 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to examine comprehensively the patterns and trends of burn-related injuries in children, adolescents, and young adults treated in US emergency departments between 1990 and 2006.
METHODS: Through use of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database, cases of nonfatal burn-related injuries were selected by using diagnosis codes for burns (scalds, thermal, chemical, radiation, electrical, and not specified). Sample weights were used to calculate national estimates. US Census Bureau data were used to calculate injury rates per 10000 individuals ≤20 years of age. Computation of relative risks with 95% confidence intervals was performed.
RESULTS: An estimated 2054563 patients ≤20 years of age were treated in US emergency departments for burn-related injuries, with an average of 120856 cases per year. Boys constituted 58.6% of case subjects. Children &lt;6 years of age sustained the majority of injuries (57.7%), and more than one half of all injuries (59.5%) resulted from thermal burns. The body parts injured most frequently were the hand/finger (36.0%), followed by the head/face (21.1%). Of the 1542913 cases for which locale was recorded, 91.7% occurred at home. The rate of burn-related injuries per 10000 children decreased 31% over the 17-year time period.
CONCLUSIONS: Burn-related injuries are a serious problem for individuals ≤20 years of age and are potentially preventable. Children &lt;6 years of age consistently sustained a disproportionately large number of injuries during the study period. Increased efforts are needed to improve burn-prevention strategies that target households with young children.
Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase-Enabled Subcutaneous Pediatric Rehydration
Authors: Allen Coburn H. , Etzwiler Lisa S. , Miller Melissa K. , Maher George , Mace Sharon , Hostetler Mark A. , Smith Sharon R. , Reinhardt Neil , Hahn Barry , Harb George ,   for the INcreased Flow Utilizing Subcutaneously-Enabled-(INFUSE) Pediatric Rehydration Study Collaborative Research Group
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVES: The Increased Flow Utilizing Subcutaneously-Enabled (INFUSE)-Pediatric Rehydration Study was designed to assess efficacy, safety, and clinical utility of recombinant human hyaluronidase (rHuPH20)-facilitated subcutaneous rehydration in children 2 months to 10 years of age.METHODS: Patients with mild/moderate dehydration requiring parenteral treatment in US emergency departments were eligible for this phase IV, multicenter, single-arm study. They received subcutaneous injection of 1 mL rHuPH20 (150 U), followed by subcutaneous infusion of 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid over the first hour. Subcutaneous rehydration was continued as needed for up to 72 hours. Rehydration was deemed successful if it was attributed by the investigator primarily to subcutaneous fluid infusion and the child was discharged without requiring an alternative method of rehydration.RESULTS: Efficacy was evaluated in 51 patients (mean age: 1.9 years; mean weight: 11.2 kg). Initial subcutaneous catheter placement was achieved with 1 attempt for 46/51 (90.2%) of patients. Rehydration was successful for 43/51 (84.3%) of patients. Five patients (9.8%) were hospitalized but deemed to be rehydrated primarily through subcutaneous therapy, for a total of 48/51 (94.1%) of patients. No treatment-related systemic adverse events were reported, but 1 serious adverse event occurred (cellulitis at infusion site). Investigators found the procedure easy to perform for 96% of patients (49/51 patients), and 90% of parents (43/48 parents) were satisfied or very satisfied.CONCLUSIONS: rHuPH20-facilitated subcutaneous hydration seems to be safe and effective for young children with mild/moderate dehydration. Subcutaneous access is achieved easily, and the procedure is well accepted by clinicians and parents.
Young Driver Education Programs That Build Resilience Have Potential to Reduce Road Crashes
Authors: Senserrick Teresa , Ivers Rebecca , Boufous Soufiane , Chen Huei-Yang , Norton Robyn , Stevenson Mark , van Beurden Eric , Zask Avigdor 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE: The research aimed to explore associations between participation in 2 education programs for school-based learner drivers and subsequent road traffic offenses and crashes among a large cohort of newly licensed drivers.
METHODS: DRIVE is a prospective cohort study of 20822 first-year drivers aged 17 to 24 in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Participants completed a detailed questionnaire and consented to data linkage in 2003–2004. Questionnaire items included year of participation in 2 specific education programs: a 1-day workshop-only program focusing on driving risks (“driver-focused”) and a whole-of-community program also including a 1-day workshop but also longer term follow-up activities and a broader focus on reducing risk-taking and building resilience (“resilience-focused”). Survey data were subsequently linked to police-reported crash and offense data for 1996–2005. Poisson regression models that adjusted for multiple confounders were created to explore offenses and crashes as a driver (dichotomized as 0 vs ≥1) after program participation.
RESULTS: Offenses did not differ between groups; however, whereas the driver-focused program was not associated with reduced crash risk, the resilience-focused program was associated with a 44% reduced relative risk for crash (0.56 [95% confidence interval: 0.34–0.93]).
CONCLUSIONS: The large effect size observed and complementary findings from a comparable randomized, controlled trial in the United States suggest programs that focus more generally on reducing risks and building resilience have the potential to reduce crashes. A large, representative, randomized, controlled trial is urgently needed to confirm road safety benefits and ensure evidence-based spending and practitioner recommendations in this field.
Optimizing Copper Sulfate Treatments for Fungus Control on Channel Catfish Eggs
Authors: Straus David L. , Mitchell Andrew J. , Carter Ray R. , Steeby James A. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This range-finding study determined the optimum concentration of copper sulfate (CuSO4) for fungus control on eggs of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. The study consisted of five CuSO4 concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/L) and an untreated control in a flow-through system. A single spawn was used for each replication (N = 4). Eggs were treated daily until the embryos reached the eyed stage. When hatching was complete for all viable eggs, fry were counted to determine the percent survival in each treatment. Fungal growth was severe in the untreated controls; survival of hatched fry in the control group was approximately 2%. The optimum CuSO4 treatment, as determined by percent survival of hatched fry, was 10 mg/L daily (69% survival); survival for this treatment group was significantly different from that for the controls. Very little fungus was present in treatments receiving 10-mg/L CuSO4 or higher except in one replication that had approximately 40% unfertilized eggs. The average survival rates in the 0-, 2.5-, 5-, 10-, 20-, and 40-mg/L CuSO4 treatments were 2, 34, 50, 69, 59, and 51%, respectively.
Evaluation of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate as a Potential Catfish Egg Disinfectant
Authors: Small Brian C. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate (SCP) in improving the hatching success of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus when used as a prophylactic chemotherapeutant during egg incubation. In the first experiment, the efficacy of SCP was evaluated in 379-L aluminum incubation troughs similar to those used in commercial hatcheries. Egg masses treated daily with 254 mg of SCP/L of water had significantly higher mean hatching success than untreated controls, and a pathogen-inhibiting effect was also evident (i.e., no gross infection was observed on the treated egg masses). In the second experiment, the hatching success of egg masses treated daily with 254 mg/L was compared with that of egg masses treated daily with hydrogen peroxide (70 mg/L). The effects of both treatments on the pH, dissolved oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the trough were also examined. Both SCP and hydrogen peroxide significantly improved hatching success. Unlike in the treatment with hydrogen peroxide, water pH increased during the treatment with SCP; however, no negative effects on hatching success were observed. The results of this research suggest that SCP acts similarly to hydrogen peroxide in improving channel catfish hatching success and warrants further research to determine whether it could be a practical and effective alternative for managing catfish egg infections in commercial hatcheries.
Assessment of Cellular and Functional Biomarkers in Bivalves Exposed to Ecologically Relevant Abiotic Stressors
Authors: Joyner-Matos Joanna , Andrzejewski Jenessa , Briggs Laura , Baker Shirley M. , Downs Craig A. , Julian David 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
An understanding of the complex effects of the environment on biomarkers of bivalve health is essential for aquaculturists to successfully select field culture sites and monitor bivalve health in these sites and in hatcheries. We tested several whole-organism (functional) and cellular-level biomarkers as indicators of health of the cultured, stress-tolerant northern quahog (hard clam) Mercenaria mercenaria. We performed single- and dual-stressor experiments that were consistent with available water quality data from a clam culture area on the Gulf coast of Florida. Clams from the culture area were exposed over a 14-d period to low O2 (hypoxia), elevated temperature, hyposalinity, and a combination of elevated temperature and hyposalinity. There was no clear relationship between the functional and cellular-level biomarkers, with most of the treatment effects being detected at the whole-organism level but not the cellular level. Survival and burial ability were significantly affected by elevated temperature and by the combination of elevated temperature and hyposalinity. Glycogen content decreased over the experiment duration and did not differ significantly among treatments. There were no significant changes in expression patterns of eight stress proteins or in the levels of oxidatively damaged RNA. The results highlight the importance of investigating the effects of multiple stressors in short-term, controlled laboratory conditions and suggest that such cellular-level biomarker assays should be paired with functional biomarkers to better understand the responses of highly stress-tolerant species.
Relationships Between Shoreline Development and Nest Site Selection by Black Crappie and Largemouth Bass
Authors: Reed Jeffrey R. , Pereira Donald L. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
To evaluate potential effects of lakeshore development on nest site selection, we compared locations of black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides nests in three Minnesota lakes with available habitat in the littoral and riparian zones and the presence or absence of developed shoreline. We used binomial logistic regression to determine how the frequency of nest sites varied among lakes and with the presence or absence of five habitat variables. Black crappies in all three lakes were more likely to nest adjacent to undeveloped shoreline. Black crappies were also more likely to nest in stands of emergent vegetation, particularly hardstem bulrush Scirpus acutus. Largemouth bass were more likely to nest near undeveloped shoreline but were less dependent on hardstem bulrush. Shoreline development has the potential to alter nest site selection by largemouth bass and, particularly, by black crappies.
Graphical Evaluation of Fishery Status Using a Likelihood Inference Approach
Authors: Jiao Yan , Reid Kevin , Nudds Tom , Smith Eric 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
We present a graphical method that uses a statistical likelihood approach to summarize evidence and risk in fishery status evaluation. The graphical method is based on the surplus production model and shows the fishery status as regions and colors on graphs. Two fishery status graphs are used: one is based on the comparison between observed catch and catch at the fishing mortality level corresponding to maximum sustainable yield; the other one is based on the comparison between observed catch and catch at the surplus production level. The graphical statistical likelihood approach quantifies the strength of evidence in supporting different hypotheses of fishing status as regions in the status graphs. A simulated hypothetical fishery is given as an example. Results are graphically presented to show the exploitation status of the fishery, and they compare favorably with those from a composite risk assessment method. This graphical statistical likelihood approach may improve the communication of knowledge and evidence among scientists, fishery stakeholders, and management agencies and may provide a better understanding of current fishery status.