bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress of Low‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Aqueous Zinc‐Based Batteries
Authors: Xing Hanfang , Han Yu , Huang Xia , Zhang Chiyu , Lyu Miaoqiang , Chen Kai‐Jie , Wang Teng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐based batteries (AZBs) are promising energy storage solutions with remarkable safety, abundant Zn reserve, cost‐effectiveness, and relatively high energy density. However, AZBs still face challenges such as anode dendrite formation that reduces cycling stability and limited cathode capacity. Recently, low‐dimensional metal‐organic frameworks (LD MOFs) and their derivatives have emerged as promising candidates for improving the electrochemical performance of AZBs owing to their unique morphologies, high structure tunability, high surface areas, and high porosity. However, clear guidelines for developing LD MOF‐based materials for high‐performance AZBs are scarce. In this review, the recent progress of LD MOF‐based materials for AZBs is critically examined. The typical synthesis methods and structural design strategies for improving the electrochemical performance of LD MOF‐based materials for AZBs are first introduced. The recent noteworthy research achievements are systematically discussed and categorized based on their applications in different AZB components, including cathodes, anodes, separators, and electrolytes. Finally, the limitations are addressed and the future perspectives are outlined for LD MOFs and their derivatives in AZB applications. This review provides clear guidance for designing high‐performance LD MOF‐based materials for advanced AZBs.
Linguistic response surface methodology approach to measure the quality of nonlinear frame‐pixel and bit place‐based video steganography
Authors: Samanta Sabyasachi , Roy Sudipta , Sarkar Abhijit , Jana Dipak Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSteganography refers to the practice of hiding sensitive information inside seemingly unrelated data sets. Steganography in the video is one of the best methods available for hiding data without compromising the film's appearance. For improved security and compatibility, the traditional system uses different video steganography techniques with linear or precise positions. Traditional linear video steganography practices face vulnerability, a lack of security, limited embedding options, and inadequate compatibility. Here nonlinear frame(s) and pixel positions based information hiding techniques have been developed to overwhelm the following. Both the nonlinear frame positions and nonlinear pixel positions are selected for the video‐based steganography. In the beginning, the nonlinear frame positions are selected through the key and the key may be with any prescribed range and alphanumeric characters. A single or more frames may be selected through the key and that entirely depends upon the corresponding run‐through. Then the nonlinear pixel and bit positions are also selected through a similar key. The proposed method is also compared with some former techniques and gives a magnificent result. Furthermore, a security analysis of the suggested algorithm has also been conducted using the differential attack method. To validate the suggested method and ensure that it is accurate, the author of this article made use of a very specific and innovative methodology known as the linguistic response surface methodology (LRSM). This model is framed based on achieving a few steganography assessment measures like PSNR, SSIM, and MSE metric values after incorporating hidden text in various nonlinear frames' nonlinear pixel locations of the video. The analysis of the variance using LRSM for PSNR, SSIM, and MSE response reveals very substantial results with confirmation.
SiSMA‐SWMS: Signature‐based Secure Monitoring Approach for Smart Waste Monitoring Systems
Authors: Lama Radhika , Karmakar Sandip 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the speedy growth of the populace, corresponding waste also grows, notably raising greater concern about the monitoring of waste in urban areas. Although the traditional method of waste monitoring has benefited city waste management systems, it remains time‐consuming, inefficient, and detrimental to public health. This situation can be improved by integrating advanced technologies, which can significantly enhance the flexibility and performance of waste monitoring systems. However, these advanced technologies encounter numerous security challenges. In this article, we have implemented a signature‐based monitoring approach to oversee the status of smart bins. To ensure the security, robustness, and reliability of the introduced protocol, we utilized tools such as AVISPA, Scyther, the ROR model, and Mao and Boyd logic. As discussed in the informal security analysis, the introduced protocol successfully fulfills the security requirements for smart waste monitoring systems. Finally, an in‐depth comparative analysis of the related works and the introduced protocol shows that the latter provides greater security, reliability, and efficiency. As a result, the reliability and hardness of the cryptographic operations used in the introduced protocol make it secure enough to use in real‐world applications.
Covalent Linkages Used in Prebiotic Chemistry for RNA‐Templated Amino Acid Transfer and Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Escobar Luis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiological translation is a universal process taking place in the ribosome. It involves the synthesis of a protein with a particular sequence from the information encoded in a messenger RNA and the amino acids carried by transfer RNAs with the assistance of specific enzymes. However, the origin of translation in the prebiotic world and, thus, in the absence of enzymes is difficult to envisage. Past and recent studies proposed different prebiotic models, following top‐down and bottom‐up approaches, for the origin and evolution of a primitive ribosome. The bottom‐up models made use of distinct covalent linkages to connect RNA strands with amino acids and peptides. In this review, I focus on the covalent linkages used in these prebiotic models: acyl phosphate mixed anhydrides, phosphoramidates and ureas. I describe their syntheses under prebiotically plausible reaction conditions, as well as include their main conventional preparation methods. I also comment on their properties and chemical stabilities in aqueous solution. Finally, I examine the functions of the described covalent linkages in prebiotic processes involving RNA‐templated amino acid transfer and peptide synthesis.
Therapeutic sequencing in inflammatory bowel disease: Determining the optimal position of vedolizumab for long‐term Crohn’s disease control using real‐world evidence
Authors: Louis Edouard , Litkiewicz Michal , Agboton Christian , Armuzzi Alessandro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSeveral biologics are available for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease, but data to optimize their use are scarce. Vedolizumab (VDZ) is a gut‐selective anti‐lymphocyte trafficking monoclonal antibody that was approved in 2014 for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease. Based on real‐world evidence, a model was developed to examine the effect of VDZ's position in the treatment sequence on clinical outcomes.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop a model using real‐world data to investigate how the positioning of VDZ in a sequence of biologic therapies for CD affects clinical effectiveness outcomes of quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYS), patient‐reported disease activity, and surgery rates.MethodsA semi‐Markov sequential model was developed to identify the optimal position of VDZ in a treatment sequence that included corticosteroids (CS), two biologics, and best supportive care (BSC). Using real‐world data, three sequences were compared: VDZ as first (position), second, and last biologic (with anti‐tumor necrosis factor alpha agents adalimumab (ADA) and infliximab (IFX) and the anti‐interleukin‐12 and ‐23 agent ustekinumab (UST) as alternative biologic treatments). Published real‐world evidence informed model inputs. Vedolizumab sequences were compared and ranked based on QALYS, patient‐reported outcomes from Crohn's disease activity index scores, or proportion of patients undergoing surgery by the 10‐year time horizon for model simulation. Sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate the impact of model input uncertainty.ResultsVedolizumab as the first biologic was the optimal position for this treatment according to all criteria, including yielding the highest QALYs (5.09) versus VDZ in second (4.97) and third (4.96) biologic sequence positions in sequences containing CS, anti‐TNFα (aggregated data), UST, and BSC; 1780/2000 (89%) probabilistic simulations. In sequences containing ADA, VDZ, and UST biologics, ADA and VDZ in the first‐line biologic position yielded QALYs of 5.09 versus 5.07, respectively. Adalimumab as the first biologic was best for clinical remission.ConclusionsThis simulation model using real‐world evidence indicates that positioning VDZ or ADA as the first biologic is likely to lead to improved long‐term patient outcomes when compared to administering these treatments later or starting with IFX monotherapy.
Diffusion models as stochastic quantization in lattice field theory
Authors: Wang L. , Aarts G. , Zhou K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work, we establish a direct connection between generative diffusion models (DMs) and stochastic quantization (SQ). The DM is realized by approximating the reversal of a stochastic process dictated by the Langevin equation, generating samples from a prior distribution to effectively mimic the target distribution. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the DM can serve as a global sampler for generating quantum lattice field configurations in two-dimensional ϕ4 theory. We demonstrate that DMs can notably reduce autocorrelation times in the Markov chain, especially in the critical region where standard Markov Chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) algorithms experience critical slowing down. The findings can potentially inspire further advancements in lattice field theory simulations, in particular in cases where it is expensive to generate large ensembles.
Precision three-dimensional imaging of nuclei using recoil-free jets
Authors: Fang Shen , Ke Weiyao , Shao Ding Yu , Terry John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, we explore the azimuthal angle decorrelation of lepton-jet pairs in e-p and e-A collisions as a means for precision measurements of the three-dimensional structure of bound and free nucleons. Utilizing soft-collinear effective theory, we perform the first-ever resummation of this process in e-p collisions at NNLL accuracy using a recoil-free jet axis. Our results are validated against Pythia simulations. In e-A collisions, we address the complex interplay between three characteristic length scales: the medium length L, the mean free path of the energetic parton in the medium λ, and the hadronization length Lh. We demonstrate that in the thin-dilute limit, where L ≪ Lh and L ~ λ, this process can serve as a robust probe of the three-dimensional structure for bound nucleons. We conclude by offering predictions for future experiments at the Electron-Ion Collider within this limit.
On the high-energy behavior of massive QCD amplitudes
Authors: Wang Guoxing , Xia Tianya , Yang Li Lin , Ye Xiaoping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this note, we propose a factorization formula for gauge-theory scattering amplitudes up to two loops in the high-energy boosted limit. Our formula extends existing results in the literature by incorporating the contributions from massive loops. We derive the new ingredients in our formula using the method of regions with analytic regulators for the rapidity divergences. We verify our results with various form factors and the scattering amplitudes for top-quark pair production. Our results can be used to obtain approximate expressions for complicated two-loop massive amplitudes from simpler massless ones, and can be used to resum the mass logarithms to all orders in the coupling constant.
Stability of saddles and choices of contour in the Euclidean path integral for linearized gravity: dependence on the DeWitt parameter
Authors: Liu Xiaoyi , Marolf Donald , Santos Jorge E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Due to the conformal factor problem, the definition of the Euclidean gravitational path integral requires a non-trivial choice of contour. The present work examines a generalization of a recently proposed rule-of-thumb [1] for selecting this contour at quadratic order about a saddle. The original proposal depended on the choice of an indefinite-signature metric on the space of perturbations, which was taken to be a DeWitt metric with parameter α = – 1. This choice was made to match previous results, but was otherwise admittedly ad hoc. To begin to investigate the physics associated with the choice of such a metric, we now explore contours defined using analogous prescriptions for α ≠ – 1. We study such contours for Euclidean gravity linearized about AdS-Schwarzschild black holes in reflecting cavities with thermal (canonical ensemble) boundary conditions, and we compare path-integral stability of the associated saddles with thermodynamic stability of the classical spacetimes. While the contour generally depends on the choice of DeWitt parameter α, the precise agreement between these two notions of stability found at α = – 1 continues to hold over the finite interval (– 2, – 2/d), where d is the dimension of the bulk spacetime. This agreement manifestly fails for α > – 2/d when the DeWitt metric becomes positive definite. However, we also find dramatic failures for α < – 2 that correlate with breakdowns of the de Donder-like gauge condition defined by α, and at which the relevant fluctuation operator fails to be diagonalizable. This provides criteria that may be useful in predicting metrics on the space of perturbations that give physically-useful contours in more general settings. Along the way, we also identify an interesting error in [1], though we show this error to be harmless.
QED corrections to the thermal neutrino interaction rate
Authors: Jackson G. , Laine M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Motivated by precision computations of neutrino decoupling at MeV temperatures, we show how QED corrections to the thermal neutrino interaction rate can be related to the electron-positron spectral function as well as an effective $$\overline{\nu }\nu \gamma $$ vertex. The spectral function is needed both in a timelike and in a spacelike domain, and for both of its physical polarization states (transverse and longitudinal with respect to spatial momentum). Incorporating an NLO evaluation of this spectral function, an estimate of the $$\overline{\nu }\nu \gamma $$ vertex, and HTL resummation of scatterings mediated by soft Bose-enhanced t-channel photons, we compute the interaction rate as a function of the neutrino momentum and flavour. Effects on the – (0 . . . 2)% level are found, noticeably smaller than a previous estimate of a related quantity.
Definitions and adverse outcomes of sarcopenia in older patients in orthopedic and trauma care: A scoping review on current evidence
Authors: Gewiess Jan , Kreuzer Sebastian , Eggimann Anna Katharina , Bertschi Dominic , Bastian Johannes Dominik 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of muscle mass and strength, can hinder postoperative recovery and raise mortality rates. However, the current evidence on the harmful effects of sarcopenia in older patients in orthopedic and trauma care is unclear. This scoping review investigates different definitions that were used for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in older patients in orthopedic and trauma care and what adverse consequences have been examined.

Methods
We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed and Embase, following the PRISMA guidelines. We included original studies that examined clinical outcomes (such as length of hospital stay, rate of non-home discharge, rate of subsequent falls, rate of refractures, mortality, and functional outcome/quality of life) in older patients in orthopedic and trauma care (aged 65 years and above) with diagnosed sarcopenia (S) compared to a group without sarcopenia (NS).

Results
Our search identified 2,748 publications. Out of these, 23 articles met the inclusion criteria. Most publications were from Asia (n = 13). A total of 6174 patients were examined, with a prevalence of sarcopenia in 14–92%. 11 articles focused on patients with hip joint pathologies. Most studies diagnosed sarcopenia according to the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGSOP1 or AWGSOP2) definitions (n = 10). Length of hospital stay was investigated in 13 studies. Seven studies assessed rates of non-home discharge rates. Subsequent falls were not investigated in any of the studies. 1 study reported the overall refracture rate (S: 10.4%; NS: 5.8%). Mortality was assessed in 11 studies (S: 1–60.5%; NS: 0–39.5%). The functional outcome/quality of life was investigated by 17 studies (Barthel Index decline S: -4.5 to -15.3 points; NS: -11.7 to -54.7 points).

Conclusion
Sarcopenia has been increasingly studied in older patients in orthopedic and trauma care but there is a lack of consistent definition criteria. This scoping review suggests that sarcopenia may be associated with prolonged length of stay, higher rates of non-home discharge, and increased mortality among older patients in orthopedic and trauma care. However, prospective studies are necessary to establish the relationship between sarcopenia and refractures, falls, and functional outcome/quality of life among older patients in orthopedic and trauma care.
The relationship between the cutting-edge, tool wear, and chip formation during Inconel 718 dry cutting
Authors: Pérez-Salinas Cristian , de Lacalle L. Norberto López , del Olmo Ander , Kumar Ch Sateesh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study comprehensively addresses the machining of nickel alloys, focusing its attention on crucial aspects related to chip formation and tool wear. Detailed characterization of the morphology and the chip formation process was performed by analyzing parameters such as chip segmentation ratio and variables such as shear band thickness and strain rate. Additionally, a numerical model was used to quantify stresses and temperatures at the tool/chip interface and to evaluate damage, thus contributing to the understanding of the development of chip formation. A transition in chip shapes as the toothing increases is highlighted, evidenced by segmentation ratio values below 0.5, indicative of the presence of discontinuous chips. The increase in cutting-edge radius is associated with a gradual increase in the compression ratio, indicating a higher plastic energy requirement in chip formation. Numerical simulations support this theory of failure. A significant correlation of 80% was identified between flank wear and the increase in shear force oscillation amplitude, indicating that flank wear contributes to system vibration. It is also noted that the adiabatic shear bands (ASB) are narrow, revealing a marked plastic deformation in the primary shear zone. Consequently, the remarkable incidence of wear with cutting parameters on chip formation is demonstrated, affecting the cutting force amplitude and, hence, the workpiece topography.
Comparative pharmacokinetic evaluation of nanoparticle-based vs. conventional pharmaceuticals containing statins in attenuating dyslipidaemia
Authors: Cordina Jacob , Ahmad Isha , Nath Rohan , Abdul Rahim Bahara , Van Andrew , Al-Zuhairi Dalya , Williams Kylie , Pont Lisa , Catanzariti Rachelle , Mehndiratta Samir , Valdivia-Olivares Rayen Yanara , De Rubis Gabriele , Dua Kamal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDyslipidaemia describes the condition of abnormal lipid levels in a person’s bloodstream. Since the 1980s, statin medications have been used to treat dyslipidaemia and other comorbidities, such as stroke risk and atherosclerosis. Statin medications were initially synthesised from fungal metabolites, but many synthetic statin drugs have been manufactured since then. Statin medication is quite effective in reducing total cholesterol levels in the bloodstream, but it has limitations. Due to their poor water solubility, statin drugs possess poor oral bioavailability, which hinders their therapeutic efficacy. Nanoparticle drug delivery technology has been shown to improve the pharmacokinetic profiles of many drug classes, and statins have great potential to benefit from this. This paper reviewed the currently available literature on nanoparticle statin medication and evaluated the possible improvements that can be made to the pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy of conventional statin medication. It was found that the oral bioavailability of nanoparticle medication consistently outperformed conventional medication by up to 400% in some cases. Substantial improvements in time to peak plasma concentration and plasma concentration peaks were also found, and increased periods in circulation before excretion were shown. It was concluded that nanoparticle technology has the potential to completely replace conventional statin medication as it offers more significant benefits with minimal drawbacks. Upon further study and development, the manufacture of nanoparticle statin medication should become feasible enough for large-scale application, which will significantly benefit patients and unburden healthcare systems.
Treating symptomatic flexible flatfoot deformities. a novel technique: comparison of uc berkeley laboratory foot orthosis with and without kinesio taping in juvenil athletes
Authors: Sever Cem , Terzi Eşref , Kurtan Akif , Sökücü Sami , Kıvrak Aybars , Beng Kubilay 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Symptomatic flexible pes planus (SFPP) can cause pain and discomfort when walking or engaging in sportive activities in children and adolescents. SFPP can be treated conservatively with foot orthoses, such as the University of California Berkeley Laboratory (UCBL) foot orthosis, which can improve foot function and reduce pain. Kinesio Tape (KT) has also been used as an adjunct to foot orthoses in the treatment of pes planus. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the UCBL foot orthosis with and without KT in the treatment of SFPP among amateur juvenile and adolescent athletes.

Methods
Fifty patients with SFPP were included in the study. In 27 patients UCBL foot orthosis with KT (group 1) was used whereas in 23 UCBL (group 2) was preferred only. The patients were evaluated with AOFAS and radiological measurements.

Results
The mean follow-up period was 28.6 ± 4.3(26) months. At the final follow-up AOFAS of group 1 was significantly higher than group 2. In group 2, 12 patients (%52,17) had pressure sores that caused superficial dermabrasion. Lateral TFMAs and talocalcaneal angle in group 1 was significantly better than group 2.

Conclusions
This study attempted to determine if using KT with the UCBL foot orthosis was beneficial to the treatment of SFPP compared to simply wearing the orthosis. Our results suggest that KT is effective in reducing pronation and improving the AOFAS score. The use of UCBL with KT seems to be preferable in children and adolescents with SFPP since it is associated with a lower rate of complication, a higher degree of patient compliance and faster improvement in the radiological and clinical findings, compared to the use of the UCBL orthosis alone.