bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physically demanding occupations among females and sex-related differences to develop osteoarthritis of the hip: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Unverzagt Susanne , Bergmann Annekatrin , Denny Kathleen , Frese Thomas , Hirpa Selamawit , Weyer Johannes 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) is a leading cause of disability increasing with age and is more prevalent in women and in various physically demanding occupations. This systematic review identifies and summarises occupational exposures for women in physically demanding occupations and discusses sex differences and consequences.

Methods
In this systematic review, we searched various electronic databases for reports published between date of database inception and October 2022. We included cohort studies and case-control studies that assessed the association between exposure to physically demanding occupations and the development of HOA. We then assessed the methodological quality of selected studies, extracted relative effects, compared the risk for women and men and meta-analytically reviewed the effects of physically demanding occupations. All steps were based on a study protocol published in PROSPERO (CRD42015016894).

Results
We included six cohort studies and two case-control studies in this systematic review. These studies showed a considerably increased risk of developing HOA in both sexes. Women working in traditionally female-dominated occupations such as cleaning, sales, catering, childcare and hairdressing that are physically demanding, have a higher risk of developing HOA than men in similarly physically demanding occupations. Conversely, in traditionally male-dominated occupations with a high heterogeneity of work activities, such as agriculture, crafts, construction, as well as in low-skilled occupations, the risk was higher for men. One exception are health occupations, which are grouped together with a wide range of other technical occupations, making it difficult to draw conclusions.

Conclusions
Existing studies indicate an association between various occupations with a high physical workload and an increased risk of developing HOA. Occupational prevention and individual health promotion strategies should focus on reducing the effects of heavy physical workloads at work. The aforementioned as well as early detection should be specifically offered to women in female-dominated occupations and to people working in elementary occupations.
Comparison of the forearm rotation restriction capacities of four upper-extremity immobilization methods: there is no difference between single and double sugar tong splinting
Authors: Dastan Ali Engin , Vahabi Arman , Coskunol Erhan , Aktuglu Kemal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four different immobilization methods [single sugar tong splint (SSTS), double sugar tong splint (DSTS), short arm cast (SAC), and long arm cast (LAC)] commonly used for restricting forearm rotation in the upper extremity.

Methods
Forty healthy volunteers were included in the study. Dominant extremities were used for measurements. Basal pronation and supination of the forearm were measured with a custom-made goniometer, and the total rotation arc was calculated without any immobilization. Next, the measurements were repeated with the SAC, LAC, SSTS and DSTS. Each measurement was compared to the baseline value, and the percentage of rotation restriction was calculated.

Results
The most superior restriction rates were observed for the LAC (p = 0.00). No statistically significant difference was detected between the SSTS and DSTS in terms of the restriction of supination, pronation or the rotation arc (p values, 1.00, 0.18, and 0.50, respectively). Statistically significant differences were not detected between the SAC and the SSTS in any of the three parameters (p values, 0.25; 1.00; 1.00, respectively). When the SAC and DSTS were compared, while there was no significant difference between the two methods in pronation (p = 0.50), a statistically significant difference was detected in supination (p = 0.01) and in the total rotation arc (p = 0.03).

Conclusion
The LAC provides superior results in restricting forearm rotation. The SAC and SSTS had similar effects on forearm rotation. The DSTS, which contains, in addition to the SSTS, a sugar tong portion above the elbow, does not provide additional rotational stability.
Genome-wide distribution of 5-hydroxymethyluracil and chromatin accessibility in the Breviolum minutum genome
Authors: Marinov Georgi K. , Chen Xinyi , Swaffer Matthew P. , Xiang Tingting , Grossman Arthur R. , Greenleaf William J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
In dinoflagellates, a unique and extremely divergent genomic and nuclear organization has evolved. The highly unusual features of dinoflagellate nuclei and genomes include permanently condensed liquid crystalline chromosomes, primarily packaged by proteins other than histones, genes organized in very long unidirectional gene arrays, a general absence of transcriptional regulation, high abundance of the otherwise very rare DNA modification 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5-hmU), and many others. While most of these fascinating properties are originally identified in the 1970s and 1980s, they have not yet been investigated using modern genomic tools.

Results
In this work, we address some of the outstanding questions regarding dinoflagellate genome organization by mapping the genome-wide distribution of 5-hmU (using both immunoprecipitation-based and basepair-resolution chemical mapping approaches) and of chromatin accessibility in the genome of the Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellate Breviolum minutum. We find that the 5-hmU modification is preferentially enriched over certain classes of repetitive elements, often coincides with the boundaries between gene arrays, and is generally correlated with decreased chromatin accessibility, the latter otherwise being largely uniform along the genome. We discuss the potential roles of 5-hmU in the functional organization of dinoflagellate genomes and its relationship to the transcriptional landscape of gene arrays.

Conclusions
Our results provide the first window into the 5-hmU and chromatin accessibility landscapes in dinoflagellates.
Hidden blood loss and the influential factors after minimally invasive treatment of posterior pelvic ring injury with sacroiliac screw
Authors: Xu Ding , Liu Min , Lou Weigang , Li Ming , Xiao Jingwei , Wu Hongbao , Zhuang Yunqiang , Chen Jianming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
To analyze the perioperative bleeding and hidden blood loss (HBL) of sacroiliac screw minimally invasive treatment of pelvic posterior ring injury and explore the influential factors of HBL after operation for providing reference for clinical treatment.

Method
A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 369 patients with posterior pelvic ring injuries treated with sacroiliac screws internal fixation at our hospital from January 2015 to January 2022. The research was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry in July 2022 (ChiCTR2200061866). The total blood loss (TBL) and HBL of patients were counted, and the factors such as gender, age, and surgical duration were statistically analyzed. The influential factors of HBL were analyzed by multiple linear regression.

Results
The TBL was 417.96 ± 98.05 ml, of which the visible blood loss (VBL) was 37.00 ± 9.0 ml and the HBL was 380.96 ± 68.8 ml. The HBL accounted for 91.14 ± 7.36% of the TBL. Gender, surgical duration, fixed position, and fixed depth had significant effects on the HBL (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The HBL was the main cause of anemia after minimally invasive treatment of posterior pelvic ring injury with a sacroiliac screw. Gender, surgical duration, fixed position, and fixed depth were closely related to the occurrence of HBL. In clinical treatment, we should consider these influential factors and take effective measures to reduce the impact of HBL on patients.
Selective targeting and modulation of plaque associated microglia via systemic hydroxyl dendrimer administration in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Henningfield Caden M. , Soni Neelakshi , Lee Ryan W. , Sharma Rishi , Cleland Jeffrey L. , Green Kim N. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), microglia surround extracellular plaques and mount a sustained inflammatory response, contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. Identifying approaches to specifically target plaque-associated microglia (PAMs) without interfering in the homeostatic functions of non-plaque associated microglia would afford a powerful tool and potential therapeutic avenue.

Methods
Here, we demonstrated that a systemically administered nanomedicine, hydroxyl dendrimers (HDs), can cross the blood brain barrier and are preferentially taken up by PAMs in a mouse model of AD. As proof of principle, to demonstrate biological effects in PAM function, we treated the 5xFAD mouse model of amyloidosis for 4 weeks via systemic administration (ip, 2x weekly) of HDs conjugated to a colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor (D-45113).

Results
Treatment resulted in significant reductions in amyloid-beta (Aβ) and a stark reduction in the number of microglia and microglia-plaque association in the subiculum and somatosensory cortex, as well as a downregulation in microglial, inflammatory, and synaptic gene expression compared to vehicle treated 5xFAD mice.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that systemic administration of a dendranib may be utilized to target and modulate PAMs.
Influence of elevated liver enzyme level on 30-day mortality rates in patients undergoing nonemergency orthopedic surgery
Authors: Liao Tzu-Ruei , Lee Yuan-Wen , Chang Chuen-Chau , Liao Alan Hsi-Wen , Lai Yen-Chun , Liu Chih-Chung 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The effect of elevated preoperative liver enzyme levels on postoperative outcomes is a topic of concern to clinicians. This study explored the association between elevated preoperative liver enzyme levels and surgical outcomes in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.

Methods
Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we obtained data on adult patients who received nonemergency orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia between 2011 and 2021.

Results
We evaluated the data of 477,524 patients, of whom 6.1% (24 197 patients) had elevated preoperative serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels. An elevated SGOT level was significantly associated with 30-day postoperative mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 1.90). We determined that the mortality rate rose with SGOT levels. The results remained unchanged after propensity score matching.

Conclusion
Elevated preoperative SGOT levels constitute an independent risk factor for 30-day postoperative mortality and are proportionately associated with the risk of 30-day postoperative mortality.
Forecasting the fate of vertically propagating dikes from geodetic data
Authors: Aoki Yosuke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMagmas, especially mafic ones, usually intrude into the upper crust as dikes. The intruded dike is often arrested before reaching the surface to make an eruption. Many geophysical observations, including geodetic measurements, have documented dike intrusions and arrests. Also, many theoretical considerations and analog experiments explored the mechanics of dike propagation and arrest. However, insights gained from theoretical considerations, analog experiments, and geophysical observations have yet to be well reconciled. This study attempts to reconcile geodetic measurements with insights gained from theoretical considerations and analog experiments to investigate how to forecast whether an intruded dike results in an eruption or not. This study considers four causes of dike arrests: (1) solidification of the intruded magma, (2) insufficient volume of dike intrusion, (3) negative buoyancy acting on the intruded magma, and (4) stress perturbation near the dike tip by a large earthquake. Then, this study investigates the cause of dike arrests associated with the 1997 and 1998 seismic swarm off the Izu Peninsula, Japan, and the 2015 failed eruption of Sakurajima volcano, Japan, as an example. This study suggests that the dike intrusions associated with the 1997 and 1998 seismic swarm off the Izu Peninsula are caused by insufficient volume of the dike, the loss of buoyancy, or both. The failed eruption of the 2015 Sakurajima eruption is most likely by insufficient volume. To investigate the contribution of geodetic data in understanding the cause of dike arrests, it is essential to consider the characteristics of geodetic data. They are: (1) geodetic data constrain the intruded volume and the location relatively well, (2) geodetic data cannot constrain the geometry of the intruded dike very well, (3) an assumption of the host rock as homogeneous halfspace underestimates the volume of the intruded dike and estimates the depth of the dike shallower than the true value. These limitations indicate that we cannot fully understand the cause of dike arrests solely from geodetic data. Independent information gained from, for example, the location of dike-induced earthquakes, seismic structures, or density structure from gravity anomalies or muon radiography helps better understand the cause of dike arrests.
Graphical Abstract
Integrating multi-platform assembly to recover MAGs from hot spring biofilms: insights into microbial diversity, biofilm formation, and carbohydrate degradation
Authors: Liew Kok Jun , Shahar Saleha , Shamsir Mohd Shahir , Shaharuddin Nawal Binti , Liang Chee Hung , Chan Kok-Gan , Pointing Stephen Brian , Sani Rajesh Kumar , Goh Kian Mau 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Hot spring biofilms provide a window into the survival strategies of microbial communities in extreme environments and offer potential for biotechnological applications. This study focused on green and brown biofilms thriving on submerged plant litter within the Sungai Klah hot spring in Malaysia, characterised by temperatures of 58–74 °C. Using Illumina shotgun metagenomics and Nanopore ligation sequencing, we investigated the microbial diversity and functional potential of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) with specific focus on biofilm formation, heat stress response, and carbohydrate catabolism.

Results
Leveraging the power of both Illumina short-reads and Nanopore long-reads, we employed an Illumina-Nanopore hybrid assembly approach to construct MAGs with enhanced quality. The dereplication process, facilitated by the dRep tool, validated the efficiency of the hybrid assembly, yielding MAGs that reflected the intricate microbial diversity of these extreme ecosystems. The comprehensive analysis of these MAGs uncovered intriguing insights into the survival strategies of thermophilic taxa in the hot spring biofilms. Moreover, we examined the plant litter degradation potential within the biofilms, shedding light on the participation of diverse microbial taxa in the breakdown of starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose. We highlight that Chloroflexota and Armatimonadota MAGs exhibited a wide array of glycosyl hydrolases targeting various carbohydrate substrates, underscoring their metabolic versatility in utilisation of carbohydrates at elevated temperatures.

Conclusions
This study advances understanding of microbial ecology on plant litter under elevated temperature by revealing the functional adaptation of MAGs from hot spring biofilms. In addition, our findings highlight potential for biotechnology application through identification of thermophilic lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. By demonstrating the efficiency of hybrid assembly utilising Illumina-Nanopore reads, we highlight the value of combining multiple sequencing methods for a more thorough exploration of complex microbial communities.
Genome-wide somatic mutation analysis of sinonasal adenocarcinoma with and without wood dust exposure
Authors: Sipilä Lauri J. , Katainen Riku , Aavikko Mervi , Ravantti Janne , Donner Iikki , Lehtonen Rainer , Leivo Ilmo , Wolff Henrik , Holmila Reetta , Husgafvel-Pursiainen Kirsti , Aaltonen Lauri A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Sinonasal adenocarcinoma is a rare cancer, encompassing two different entities, the intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) and the non-intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (non-ITAC). Occurrence of ITAC is strongly associated with exposure to hardwood dusts. In countries with predominant exposure to softwood dust the occurrence of sinonasal adenocarcinomas is lower and the relative amount of non-ITACs to ITACs is higher. The molecular mechanisms behind the tumorigenic effects of wood dust remain largely unknown.

Methods
We carried out whole-genome sequencing of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of sinonasal adenocarcinomas from ten wood dust-exposed and six non-exposed individuals, with partial tobacco exposure data. Sequences were analyzed for the presence of mutational signatures matching COSMIC database signatures. Driver mutations and CN variant regions were characterized.

Results
Mutation burden was higher in samples of wood dust-exposed patients (p = 0.016). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage-related mutational signatures were almost exclusively identified in ITAC subtype samples (p = 0.00055). Tobacco smoke mutational signatures were observed in samples of patients with tobacco exposure or missing information, but not in samples from non-exposed patients. A tetraploidy copy number (CN) signature was enriched in ITAC subtype (p = 0.042). CN variation included recurrent gains in COSMIC Cancer Gene Census genes TERT, SDHA, RAC1, ETV1, PCM1, and MYC. Pathogenic variants were observed most frequently in TP53, NF1, CHD2, BRAF, APC, and LRP1B. Driver mutations and copy number gains did not segregate by subtype.

Conclusions
Our analysis identified distinct mutational characteristics in ITAC and non-ITAC. Mutational signature analysis may eventually become useful for documentation of occupation-related cancer, while the exact mechanisms behind wood dust-driven carcinogenesis remain elusive. The presence of homologous recombination deficiency signatures implies a novel opportunity for treatment, but further studies are needed.
Dietary choline intake and health outcomes in U.S. adults: exploring the impact on cardiovascular disease, cancer prevalence, and all-cause mortality
Authors: Jieru Peng , Zhang Shanshan , Cai Lin , Long Wencheng , Wang Yueshan , Zhang Lu , Dong Yao , Zhang Wenqi , Liao Juan , Yang Chunxia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Choline, an indispensable nutrient, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. The available evidence regarding the nexus between dietary choline intake and health outcomes, encompassing cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all-cause mortality, is limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the relationship between dietary choline intake and the aforementioned health outcomes in adults aged > 20 years in the U.S.

Methods
This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018. Dietary choline intake was evaluated using two 24-h dietary recall interviews. CVD and cancer status were determined through a combination of standardized medical status questionnaires and self-reported physician diagnoses. Mortality data were gathered from publicly available longitudinal Medicare and mortality records. The study utilized survey-weighted logistic and Cox regression analyses to explore the associations between choline consumption and health outcomes. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used for dose‒response estimation and for testing for nonlinear associations.

Results
In our study of 14,289 participants (mean age 48.08 years, 47.71% male), compared with those in the lowest quintile (Q1), the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of CVD risk in the fourth (Q4) and fifth (Q5) quintiles of choline intake were 0.70 (95% CI 0.52, 0.95) and 0.65 (95% CI 0.47, 0.90), respectively (p for trend = 0.017). Each 100 mg increase in choline intake was associated with a 9% reduced risk of CVD. RCS analysis revealed a linear correlation between choline intake and CVD risk. Moderate choline intake (Q3) was associated with a reduced risk of mortality, with an HR of 0.75 (95% CI 0.60–0.94) compared with Q1. RCS analysis demonstrated a significant nonlinear association between choline intake and all-cause mortality (P for nonlinearity = 0.025). The overall cancer prevalence association was nonsignificant, except for colon cancer, where each 100 mg increase in choline intake indicated a 23% reduced risk.

Conclusion
Elevated choline intake demonstrates an inverse association with CVD and colon cancer, while moderate consumption exhibits a correlated reduction in mortality. Additional comprehensive investigations are warranted to elucidate the broader health implications of choline.
Trends in the implementation of biopesticides in the Euro-Mediterranean region: a narrative literary review
Authors: Fusar Poli Elena , Fontefrancesco Michele Filippo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article explores the global commitment to achieving sustainable solutions for addressing hunger, emphasizing the urgent need to transform the agricultural sector in the face of escalating global population growth and threats to the food system. Despite commitments to reduce conventional pesticide use, the global market for these products is expanding. Biopesticides are a sustainable alternative with targeted action and ecological benefits. While the biopesticide market is growing, it remains a small segment within the overall expanding pesticide market. The study focuses on the Mediterranean region, specifically Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey, to investigate the structural challenges hindering the adoption of biopesticides. Technical issues, coupled with broader market dynamics involving producers, farmers, regulators, and consumers, contribute to the limited market presence of biopesticides in the region. Challenges such as knowledge gaps, market constraints, limited manufacturing plants, and registration complexities further impede biopesticide development, confining them to niche markets. Overcoming these challenges requires addressing issues of availability, affordability, and efficacy, alongside legislative barriers. The paper suggests potential roles for farmers, producers, and regulators as agents of change, acknowledging the complexity of devising concrete strategies to navigate the current impasse. The research proposes directions for facilitating change.