bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the tissue reactions in the skin and body wall of koi (Cyprinus carplo) to five suture materials
Authors: Hurty C. A. , Brazik D. C. , Lewbart G. A. , McHugh Law J. , Sakamoto K. 
Published: October 2010

Five different suture materials (silk, monofilament nylon, polyglyconate, polyglactin 910, and chromic gut) were placed in the skin and body wall of 10 Doitsu (scaleless) koi (Cyprinus carpio). After seven days the sutures were retrieved from five of the fish in 5 mm and 6 mm punch biopsies, and after 14 days they were retrieved in the same way from the other five. The tissue reactions were evaluated by gross visual inspection and by histological examination. The total inflammatory reaction was graded on a scale from 0 (no inflammation) to 5 (severe inflammation). The synthetic suture materials generally induced a moderate inflammatory reaction that decreased after seven days. After 14 days the superficial reaction to monofilament nylon was substantial, and the tissue reactions to the organic suture materials were slightly greater than the reactions to the synthetics. The inflammatory response to silk was greater after 14 days than after seven, and chromic gut induced a moderately severe inflammatory response after seven days; the chromic gut sutures fell out before the biopsies were taken after 14 days. The organic materials induced intense inflammatory reactions which did not subside if the suture remained in the tissue.
Biomarkers of exposure to cyanogens in horses with grass sickness
Authors: McGorum B. C. , Anderson R. A. 
Published: October 2010

To test the hypothesis that equine grass sickness may be associated with the ingestion of cyanogenic glycosides from white clover (Trifolium repens), the concentrations of whole blood cyanide, and plasma and urinary thiocyanate, the main metabolite of cyanide, were measured in 12 horses with acute grass sickness and 10 horses with subacute grass sickness, and in 43 control horses, of which 21 were co‐grazing with cases of acute grass sickness, 12 grazed pastures where grass sickness had not been reported, and 10 were stabled horses. The healthy horses which grazed with cases of acute grass sickness had higher concentrations of blood cyanide, and plasma and urinary thiocyanate than the other control horses, consistent with an increased exposure to cyanogens. The horses with grass sickness had no evidence of a recent intake of cyanogens, but may have been exposed to increased levels of cyanogens before they became anorexic.
Kitten mortality in the United Kingdom: a retrospective analysis of 274 histopathological examinations (1986 to 2000)
Authors: Cave T. A. , Thompson H. , Reid S. W. J. , Hodgson D. R. , Addie D. D. 
Published: October 2010

The postmortem findings in 274 kittens were reviewed. The kittens were grouped by age at death: perinatal (<one day), neonatal (one to 14 days), preweaning (15 to 34 days) and postweaning (35 to 112 days); 203 (74 per cent) of the kittens were postweaning and 38 (14 per cent) were preweaning. Infectious disease was identified in 55 per cent of the kittens, and 71 per cent of the infectious disease was viral and detected significantly more frequently in rescue shelter kittens than in kittens from private homes. Twenty‐five per cent of all kitten mortality was due to feline parvovirus (FPV). During the neonatal and preweaning periods, the main viral infections were feline herpesvirus and calicivirus. Feline infectious peritonitis caused the death of 17 kittens in the postweaning period. The rescue shelter kittens were significantly younger than the kittens from private homes (median survival 49 and 56 days) and were more likely to have FPV. The nonpedigree kittens were significantly younger than the pedigree kittens (42 v 56 days), and the pedigree kittens were significantly less likely to originate from rescue shelters. There was no significant difference between the age distribution of the male and female kittens. No diagnosis could be found in 33 per cent of the kittens, and this failure was correlated significantly with the submission of tissue samples as opposed to the whole carcase.
Effects of copper supplementation on the copper status of peripartum beef cows and their calves
Authors: Enjalbert F. , Salat O. , Schelcher F. , Lebreton P. , Meschy F. 
Published: October 2010

The effects of copper supplementation on the copper status of 40 late‐pregnant Aubrac beef cows grazing a copper‐deficient pasture and later fed a marginally deficient diet were studied for five months. They were divided into four equal groups; the control group received no copper supplement, groups 1 and 2 received copper as copper sulphate at 10 and 30 mg/kg of diet dry matter (DM), respectively, for five months, and group 3 received 120 mg/kg of diet dry matter for 10 days. Plasma copper concentration and the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (esoD) were measured at the beginning of the experiment, in the cows and calves during weeks 1 and 3 after calving, and in the calves before they were turned out to pasture at a mean (sd) age of 51 (26) days. In spite of the low dietary copper content (4.2 mg/kg of DM), the plasma copper concentration of the control cows increased during the winter. All the copper supplements resulted in normal and similar plasma copper concentrations in the cows after calving, but the concentration decreased slightly between weeks 1 and 3 after calving in the group supplemented for 10 days. The treatments did not affect the eSOD of the cows. The calves born to the four groups showed the same patterns of plasma copper and esoD. Compared with the cows, the calves had low plasma copper concentrations at week 1 and values in the normal range at week 3; their esoD was high at weeks 1 and 3 but decreased after week 3.
Intradermal test reactivity toMalassezia pachydermatisin healthy basset hounds and basset hounds withMalasseziadermatitis
Authors: Bond R. , Lloyd D. H. , Patterson‐Kane J. C. 
Published: October 2010

Nineteen healthy beagles, eight healthy basset hounds and 17 basset hounds withMalasseziadermatitis were tested intradermally with two extracts ofM pachydermatis. One healthy beagle and two affected basset hounds showed wheal and flare reactions 15 minutes after the injection. Delayed reactions, consisting of erythematous macules and plaques, were commonly observed 24 hours after the injection in both the healthy and affected basset hounds, but occurred infrequently in the beagles. At 24 hours the diameters of the lesions in the healthy and affected basset hounds were significantly (P&#60;0.01) greater than those in the healthy beagles, but the diameters in the healthy and affected basset hounds did not vary significantly. Delayed reactions in six of the basset hounds withMalasseziadermatitis were characterised histologically by superficial perivascular and periadnexal infiltrates of neutrophils and lymphocytes.
Genetic analysis of European bat lyssavirus type 1 isolates from France
Authors: Picard‐Meyer E. , Barrat J. , Tissot E. , Barrat M. J. , Bruyère V. , Cliquet F. 
Published: October 2010

European bat lyssavirus type 1 a (EBLV‐1 a) was first identified in central France from a serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus) collected at the end of 2002. Rabies was diagnosed by reference rabies diagnosis methods and molecular tools. Phylogenetic analysis of 14 viral isolates obtained from French bats infected with EBLV‐1 between 1989 and the end of 2002 against 47 nucleoprotein sequences showed a north‐west to east distribution of EBLV‐1a virus and a south to north distribution of EBLV‐1b virus, isolates of which could be divided into two groups: group 1 in north‐eastern France and group 2 in central and north‐western France.
Remission of the clinical signs of atopic dermatitis in dogs after cessation of treatment with cyclosporin A or methyiprednisolone
Authors: Steffan J. , Horn J. , Gruet P. , Strehlau G. , Fondati A. , Ferrer L. , Noli C. 
Published: October 2010

Seventy‐eight dogs with atopic dermatitis were treated for four months with either cyclosporin A or methylprednisolone. During the two months after the treatment ceased, 87 per cent of the dogs treated with methylprednisolone relapsed after a mean period of 27.9 days, whereas only 62 per cent of the dogs treated with cyclosporin A relapsed after a mean period of 40.7 days (P<0.001). The clinical condition of the dogs was evaluated either when they relapsed, or two months after the treatment ceased if they had not relapsed. Both the skin lesions and pruritus increased significantly more markedly in the dogs treated with methylprednisolone than in those treated with cyclosporin A. At the end of the study the skin lesions were markedly less severe than before the therapy; in the dogs in both groups that did not relapse, the lesion score was improved by 77 per cent two months after the treatment had stopped, and in the dogs that did relapse the lesion scores had improved by 45 per cent and 35 per cent in the dogs treated with cyclosporin A and methylprednisolone, respectively. Pruritus remained well controlled in the dogs that did not relapse, but increased to baseline levels or close to baseline in the dogs that relapsed.
Effects of different glucocorticoid treatments on serum acute phase proteins in dogs
Authors: Martínez‐Subiela S. , Cerón J. J. , Ginel P. J. 
Published: October 2010

The serum concentrations of haptoglobin, caeruloplasmin, C‐reactive protein and serum amyloid A were measured in three groups of seven healthy dogs. Group 1 received a single dose of 1.1 mg/kg methylprednisolone acetate, administered subcutaneously; group 2 received 1 mg/kg per day of prednisone administered orally for three weeks; and group 3 received 2.2 mg/kg per day of prednisone administered orally for seven days. Before the administration of the glucocorticoids the serum concentrations of all the acute phase proteins were within the authors' laboratory reference ranges. After the administration of the drugs there were significant increases in the concentration of haptoglobin in all three groups, the increases being larger in groups 2 and 3. In contrast, the concentrations of C‐reactive protein, caeruloplasmin and serum amyloid A were not affected.
Scoring system for evaluating the stress to cattle of commercial loading and unloadind
Authors: María G. A. , Villarroel M. , Chacón G. , Gebresenbet G. 
Published: October 2010

The loading and unloading of cattle for road transport is stressful but the stress is difficult to evaluate in terms of the welfare of the cattle. Over one year, 40 normal commercial journeys in northern Spain were analysed in terms of time limits and behavioural events in order to design an objective method for assessing the stresses imposed on the animals, and a scoring method was developed for assessing the welfare of the animals during loading and unloading. Several definitions of time intervals were assessed to calculate a time score per animal, and easily observable behavioural events were scored and combined with the time score to obtain a total loading/unloading score. More than half of the loadings and unloadings involved turns, slips and vocalisations. Mounts and bouts of fighting were infrequent and balks and falls were significantly more frequent during loading than unloading. The plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose and lactate, the activity of creatine kinase and the pH of the meat 24 hours after the animals were slaughtered were also measured. The results indicated that loading was more stressful than unloading and that higher scores implied significantly higher levels of stress.
Studies on the carriage and transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by individual houseflies (Musca domestica)
Authors: Otake S. , Dee S. A. , Moon R. D. , Rossow K. D. , Trincado C. , Pijoan C. 
Published: October 2010

The objectives of the study were to determine the site of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in individual houseflies, to assess whether an individual housefly could transmit PRRSV to a susceptible pig, and to compare the ability of PCR, virus isolation and a pig bioassay to detect PRRSV in houseflies. In the first experiment 26 houseflies were fed on a pig infected experimentally with PRRsv; 13 were processed as a whole fly homogenate, while an exterior surface wash and a gut homogenate were collected from the other 13. Infectious PRRSV was recovered from nine of the whole fly homogenates, 12 of the gut homogenates and one of the exterior surface washes. In the second experiment, two of 10 individual houseflies, which had fed on an infected pig, transmitted PRRSV to a susceptible pig in a controlled manual transmission protocol. In the third experiment, single flies or pools of 30 flies were immersed in different concentrations of a PRRSV inoculum, then tested by PcR, virus isolation and bioassay. The virus was detected at a concentration of 101TCID5O/ml by PCR, 102TCID5O/ml by the bioassay and 103TCID50/ml by virus isolation.
Estimation of the liveweight of working mules in Morocco from their body measurements
Authors: Kay G. , Pearson R. A. , Ouassat M. 
Published: October 2010

During March 2001, 117 working mules, randomly chosen from four markets in Morocco, were weighed and a series of body measurements recorded; their age and body condition score were also recorded. Linear regression techniques were used to derive a ‘best fit’ equation for predicting liveweight from the other variables. For the working mules weighing between 131 and 391 kg the best prediction equation using two variables was: liveweight (kg) = −33+2−8 × heart girth (cm)+1−36 × length (cm). Other prediction equations available for estimating the liveweight of equidae were tested on the data, but in all cases they significantly overestimated the weights of the Moroccan mules.
Efficacy of milbemycin oxime against fourthstage larvae and adults ofAncylostoma tubaeformein experimentally infected cats
Authors: Humbert‐Droz E. , Buscher G. , Cavalleri D. , Junquera P. 
Published: October 2010

The efficacy of milbemycin oxime against fourth‐stage (L4) larvae and adults ofAncylostoma tubaeformewas investigated in a trial involving 24 young domestic shorthair cats. The animals were inoculated with approximately 300 infective stage three (L3) larvae and divided into three groups. After 12 days, eight cats (group 1) were treated with medicated tablets containing 4 mg milbemycin and 10 mg praziquantel to test the efficacy against L4 larvae; eight cats in group 2 were treated with the same tablets after 33 days to test the efficacy against adult worms; and eight cats in group 3 were treated with a placebo tablet. Faecal egg counts were determined periodically in each cat and after 40 or 41 days the number of worms in each animal was determined postmortem. The egg count reduction was determined by comparing the geometric mean numbers of eggs per gram of faeces in the placebo and medicated groups, and the worm reduction by comparing the geometric mean numbers of worms. The egg count reduction was more than 99 per cent in both treated groups, while the number of worms in groups 1 and 2 were reduced by 94.7 per cent and 99.2 per cent, respedively.
Evaluation of the role of mallard ducks as vectors of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Authors: Trincado C. , Dee S. , Pijoan C. , Rossow K. , Halvorson D. 
Published: October 2010

To assess the transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from pigs to mallard ducks, 10 adult (one‐year‐old) female mallard ducks were housed with pigs infected experimentally with PRRSV, and allowed to be in close contact with them for 21 days. To evaluate the transmission of PRRSV from mallard ducks to pigs, two adult ducks were inoculated orally with PRRSV (total dose 106.0TCID50) and allowed to drink PRRsv‐infected water; 24 hours later, two four‐week‐old PRRSv‐naive sentinel pigs were housed in pens below the cages housing the ducks for 14 days. In both experiments, cloacal and faecal samples were collected three times a week from the ducks and tested by PcR, virus isolation and a pig bioassay. Blood samples from the pigs were tested by ELISA, PCR and virus isolation. Sera from the ducks were tested by serum neutralisation. The ducks were examined postmortem and selected tissues were tested by PcR, virus isolation, histopathology and pig bioassay. In both experiments all the cloacal swabs, faecal samples, tissues and sera from the ducks were negative by all the tests. The sera from the pigs in the first experiment were PCR positive at three, seven, 14 and 21 days after infection and ELISA positive at 14 and 21 days. Sera from the pigs in the second experiment were negative by all the tests. The virus was isolated from the oral inoculum and the drinking water provided for the ducks in the second experiment. Under the conditions of this study, it was not possible to demonstrate the transmission of PRRSV either from the pigs to the ducks or from the ducks to the pigs.
Normal echoanatomy of the red‐eared slider terrapin (Trachemys scripta elegans)
Authors: Martorell J. , Espada Y. , Ruiz de Gopegui R. 
Published: October 2010

Thirty red‐eared slider terrapins (Trachemys scripta elegans) were examined by ultrasound to establish the normal ultrasonographic appearance of their coelomic structures. They were not sedated, and owing to their small size they were examined through the inguinal window of the carapace. High resolution transducers (7.5 and 11 MHz) enhanced the ultrasonographic imaging of the bowel, urinary bladder, liver, gall bladder, heart, kidney and gonads, but the pancreas, adrenal glands, thyroid glands and spleen could not be visualised.
Accidental poisoning of 17 dogs with lasalocid
Authors: Segev G. , Baneth G. , Levitin B. , Aroch I. , Shlosberg I. 
Published: October 2010

Over a period of 10 days, 17 dogs became weak and developed neurological deficits of different degrees of severity. About 12 hours before these clinical signs appeared they had all eaten a particular brand of commercial dog food from a recently opened bag. They were all quadriparetic and hyporeflexic, and some of them also showed additional systemic or neurological signs, including dyspnoea, a high body temperature, tongue laxity, hyperaesthesia and anisochoria. Serum biochemical abnormalities included high activities of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. Analysis of the suspect food revealed high concentrations of the ionophore lasalocid. Fifteen of the dogs were given supportive treatment at home and two were hospitalised. Five of the dogs died, but the others improved gradually and had fully recovered by one to four days after the appearance of the clinical signs.
Surveillance programme for Campylobacter species in Swedish brooilers, July 2001 to June 2002
Authors: Hansson I. , Gunnarsson A. , Olsson Engvall E. , Vågsholm I , Lindblad J. 
Published: October 2010

A total of 20,599 samples from 4133 slaughter groups representing about 71 million broilers slaughtered between July 1, 2001 and June 30, 2002 were tested for Campylobacter species. From each slaughter group, 40 cloacal samples and 10 samples of neck skin were taken from the carcases on the slaughter line and the samples were pooled, to a pool. Campylobacter species were detected in cloacal samples from 17 per cent of the slaughter groups and in neck skin samples from 22 per cent of the groups, and the monthly prevalence figures ranged from 6 to 32 per cent. In most of the infected groups all four pooled cloacal samples were positive, but 18 per cent of the infected groups had only one or two positive samples. More than 90 per cent of the Campylobacter ‐positive slaughter groups were delivered by half the producers, and one in four of the producers delivered no Campylobacter ‐positive slaughter groups.
Comparison of different control strategies for foot‐and‐mouth disease: a study of the epidemics in Canada in 1951/52, Hampshire in 1967 and Northumberland in 1966
Authors: Sellers R. F. 
Published: October 2010

The measures used to control the epidemics of foot‐and‐mouth disease in Canada in 1951/52 (29 outbreaks) were compared with those used in the epidemic in Hampshire in 1967 (29 outbreaks). In both epidemics the disease spread more from premises where the disease was reported late and the imposition of quarantine or restrictions on infected premises was delayed. In Hampshire, area restrictions were imposed, susceptible livestock on infected premises and on premises in direct contact were slaughtered, and contacts were traced. In Canada, the initial diagnosis was vesicular stomatitis, no area restrictions were imposed, no tracing was carried out and the animals on infected premises were allowed to recover. However, apart from the disease’s spread through infected meat and by unknown or airborne routes, it did not spread from infected premises once quarantine was imposed, partly owing to the low population density of livestock in the area. The effects of the slaughter of infected premises and direct contacts in the Fareham area of Hampshire in 1967 and in the Chathill area of Northumberland in 1966 were compared with what might have happened if, in addition, culling on contiguous premises or culling on premises within 3 km or emergency vaccination had been put into effect. The slaughter of cattle, sheep, goats and pigs on premises within 3 km two days after confirmation of the first outbreak would have resulted in fewer outbreaks and a shorter period to complete slaughter, but more animals would have been slaughtered. In the Chathill area, the slaughter of sheep, goats and pigs only on premises within 3 km two days after confirmation of the first outbreak would not have resulted in fewer outbreaks and more animals would have been slaughtered. Fewer premises and animals would have been slaughtered by a contiguous cull than by a 3 km cull but more than by the slaughter of infected premises and direct contacts. Emergency vaccination within 3 km, providing protection at four days (but not to animals already infected before the development of immunity), would have resulted in the fewest animals being slaughtered and could have reduced the number of outbreaks in the Fareham area by one and in the Chathill area by two or three. All the procedures would have had a greater effect the sooner they were introduced. However, with many foci of infection, priorities for action would have had to have been established. Earlier tracing of the last outbreak in the Fareham area could have shortened the Hampshire epidemic. Surveillance of a farm identified as at risk through animal movements and by the use of an airborne‐prediction model could have eliminated the source of further outbreaks in the Chathill area.
International disease monitoring, October to December 2005
Authors: Sabirovic M. , Raw L. , Hall S. , Lock F. , Coulson N. 
Published: October 2010

Bluetongue in Spain
Classical swine fever in Germany and South Africa
Foot‐and‐mouth disease in Russia, Turkey, Israel, Brazil and Botswana
Newcastle disease in Denmark, France, Greece, Japan, Romania, Portugal, Slovakia, Sweden and Turkey
Highly pathogenic avian influenza in China, Croatia, Romania, Russia, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine and Vietnam
Low pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 in Japan, Canada and Zimbabwe
Peste des petits ruminants in Turkey
Rinderpest‐free situation in the United Arab Emirates and Uzbekistan
Swine vesicular disease in Italy
Vesicular stomatitis in the USA
– These are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for October to December 2005, prepared by DEFRA ’s International Animal Health Division