bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal ligament fibroblast response to root perforations restored with different materials – a laboratory study
Authors: Hakki S. S. , Bozkurt S. B. , Ozcopur B. , Purali N. , Belli S. 
Published: October 2011

Hakki SS, Bozkurt SB, Ozcopur B, Purali N, Belli S. Periodontal ligament fibroblast response to root perforations restored with different materials – a laboratory study. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 240–248, 2012.AbstractAim  To compare the effect of several materials on the attachment of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts to experimentally perforated root surfaces.Methodology  Root specimens (size 5 × 5 mm) were obtained from extracted human molar teeth and perforations with a 1 mm diameter were created. One group was kept as a control and the rest were repaired with the following materials: Amalgam, Dyract, IRM, Super Bond C&B and Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). PDL fibroblasts were placed at a density of 8 × 104 cells on the root specimens, incubated on tissue culture inserts (48 h) and then transferred to 48 well‐plates. MTT assays were performed at 48 and 96 h for PDL fibroblast survival. Cell attachment was observed using confocal microscopy on days 2 and 5. Total RNAs from the root specimens were isolated on day 5 and type I collagen (COL I) and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) mRNA expressions were checked using Quantitative‐Polymerase Chain Reaction (QPCR). For the MTT assay and QPCR, one‐way analysis of variance (anova) and Tukey HSD multiple comparison tests were used to compare the groups.Results  Mineral trioxide aggregate resulted in a significantly higher cell density (P < 0.001). Dyract, IRM and Super Bond C&B groups had a lower cell density when compared with the control and MTA groups at 48 h (P < 0.001). Confocal microscopy revealed that, among the experimental groups, the MTA group had the largest viable cell population over the restoration site when compared with the other materials; however, reduced cell attachment was noted in all groups when compared with the control. Increased Runx2 mRNA expressions were noted in MTA (P < 0.001) and IRM (P < 0.01) groups when compared with control and other tested materials. COL I transcripts were increased in IRM (P < 0.01), D, C&B and MTA (P < 0.001) when compared with the control.Conclusion  Mineral trioxide aggregate provided a more favorable environment for PDL cell adhesion and growth.
Push‐out strength of translucent fibre posts cemented using a dual‐curing technique or a light‐curing self‐adhering material
Authors: Giachetti L. , Scaminaci Russo D. , Baldini M. , Bertini F. , Steier L. , Ferrari M. 
Published: October 2011

Giachetti L, Scaminaci Russo D, Baldini M, Bertini F, Steier L, Ferrari M. Push‐out strength of translucent fibre posts cemented using a dual‐curing technique or a light‐curing self‐adhering material. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 249–256, 2012.AbstractAim  To compare by means of a push‐out test the interfacial strength of a dual‐curing resin cement and a light‐curing self‐adhering resin composite when used in translucent fibre post cementation.Methodology  Thirty‐four extracted human premolars with single canals were selected and root filled. Translucent fibre posts (RelyX Fiber Post) were luted into the root canal using two resinous luting systems (n = 17). Dual‐Curing Technique (DC): the specimens were treated with Excite DSC and RelyX ARC, which were light‐cured simultaneously through the post for 60 s. Light‐Curing Self‐Adhering Technique (LCSA): the specimens were treated with Vertise Flow, which was light‐cured through the post for 60 s. The specimens were sectioned transversally into six slices to perform the push‐out test at the coronal, middle and apical regions of the root canals. Data were analysed by two‐way anova. All specimens were analysed by stereomicroscopy and SEM to determine fracture patterns.Results  There were no significant differences between the DC and LCSA techniques (P = 0.703) in any of the canal regions. Root region was not a significant factor for push‐out values (P = 0.255) and group–region interactions were not significant (P = 0.740). For the DC technique, the majority of the fracture patterns (73.3%) were adhesive at the interface between dual‐curing resin cement and adhesive. For the LCSA technique, the majority of the fracture patterns (71.7%) were adhesive at the interface between light‐curing self‐adhering resin composite and dentine.Conclusions  The interfacial strength between light‐curing self‐adhering resin composite and root canal walls is equivalent to the interfacial strength between dual‐curing cement and root canal walls.
A new approach for locating the minor apical foramen using an artificial neural network
Authors: Saghiri M. A. , Asgar K. , Boukani K. K. , Lotfi M. , Aghili H. , Delvarani A. , Karamifar K. , Saghiri A. M. , Mehrvarzfar P. , Garcia‐Godoy F. 
Published: October 2011

Saghiri MA, Asgar K, Boukani KK, Lotfi M, Aghili H, Delvarani A, Karamifar K, Saghiri AM, Mehrvarzfar P, Garcia‐Godoy F. A new approach for locating the minor apical foramen using an artificial neural network. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 257–265, 2012.AbstractAim  To develop a new approach for locating the minor apical foramen (AF) using feature‐extracting procedures from radiographs and then processing data using an artificial neural network (ANN) as a decision‐making system.Methodology  Fifty straight single‐rooted teeth were selected and placed in a socket within the alveolar bone of a dried skull. Access cavities were prepared and a file was place in the canals to determine the working length. A radiograph was taken to evaluate the location of the file in relation to the minor foramen and further checked after retrieving the tooth from the alveolar socket. The location of the file tip was categorized into: beyond the AF (long), within the root canal (short) and just at the minor AF (exact). Each radiograph was used to extract relevant features using K‐means, Otsu method and Wavelet protocol. Thirty‐six extracted features were used for training and the rest were used for evaluating the multi‐layer Perceptron ANN model.Results  Analysis of the images from radiographs (test samples) by ANN showed that in 93% of the samples, the location of the AF had been determined correctly by false rejection and acceptation error methods.Conclusion  Artificial neural networks can act as a second opinion to locate the AF on radiographs to enhance the accuracy of working length determination by radiography. In addition, ANN can function as a decision‐making system in various similar clinical situations.
Patterns and processes in abundance–body size relationships for marine benthic invertebrates
Authors: Yamanaka Tsuyuko , White Piran C. L. , Spencer Matthew , Raffaelli Dave 
Published: October 2011

Summary1. The nature of abundance–body size relationships in animal communities, and especially the drivers behind the observed patterns, have been a focus of persistent debate in animal ecology. In a recent review, Allen et al. (2006) categorized five mechanistic explanations behind the commonly observed polymodality in these relationships: energetic constraints; phylogenetic constraints; biogeographical determinants; habitat structure; and community interactions. Progress in understanding of these patterns and the processes underlying them have been hindered by the use of a range of methods that differ in their validity and robustness.2. Here, we used data on invertebrate body sizes from a variety of sandy beaches in the UK to test the hypothesis that these communities display modality in their abundance–body size relationships. We quantified modality in the relationships using kernel density estimation and smoothed bootstrap resampling and then evaluated the competing explanations for this modality based on the patterns identified in conjunction with measurements of the physical beach environment.3. We found bimodal distributions in the body size spectrum for benthic invertebrates at nine of 16 sites. There was a consistent trough in the spectrum at around 0·5–1 mm diameter, which reflected the traditional split between meiofauna and macrofauna. Beaches with finer particle sizes and more heterogeneous macrofauna hosted communities with more than two modes.4. Our results suggest that modality in sandy beach benthic communities is unlikely to be explained by any single hypothesis. There will be an interplay between physical and biological factors, with different explanations accounting for modality at different scales.
The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) is useful for assessing the risk of malnutrition in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Tsai Alan C , Hsu Hsiu‐Yueh , Chang Tsui‐Lan 
Published: October 2011

Aim. The study was aimed to examine the appropriateness of using the Mini Nutritional Assessment to screen for risk of under‐ and over‐nutrition in adults with intellectual disabilities.Background. Persons with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of malnutrition, but routine monitoring of their nutritional conditions are not widely done.Design. The study purposively recruited 104 institutionalised adults (≥19 years old) with intellectual disabilities to serve as participants.Methods. Participants were interviewed with a structured questionnaire to elicit personal data, health‐related information and answers to items in the Activities of Daily Living and the Mini Nutritional Assessment scales and measured for anthropometrics. Biochemical data were taken from their routine medical measurements. Each subject was graded with the Mini Nutritional Assessment that adopted Taiwanese‐specific anthropometric cut‐off points (T1) and an alternative version that omitted the body mass index item (T2).Results. Both Mini Nutritional Assessment versions were able indentifying individuals at risk of malnutrition among adults with intellectual disabilities and rated comparable proportions of patients malnourished (6·7 and 5·8% for Mini Nutritional Assessment‐T1 and Mini Nutritional Assessment‐T2, respectively) or at risk of malnutrition (14·4 and 17·3%, respectively). Persons with cerebral palsy were at greater risk of malnourishment than persons with other disabilities.Conclusion. The Mini Nutritional Assessment is appropriate for screening for under‐ and over‐nutrition in adults with intellectual disabilities. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (especially the version without body mass index) can make routine monitoring of nutritional status of these patients an easier task. However, further studies are needed to develop subtype‐specific versions (tools) as various subtypes of intellectual disability are associated with different nutritional problems.Relevance to clinical practice. The Mini Nutritional Assessment can serve as a tool for routine screening for under‐ and over‐nutrition in persons with intellectual disabilities.
User‐oriented quality for OER: understanding teachers' views on re‐use, quality, and trust
Authors: Clements K.I. , Pawlowski J.M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe analysed how teachers as users of open educational resources (OER) repositories act in the re‐use process and how they perceive quality. Based on a quantitative empirical study, we also surveyed which quality requirements users have and how they would contribute to the quality process. Trust in resources, organizations, and technologies seem to be of particular importance when looking at quality. In our findings, we derive recommendations for learning object repositories and OER user‐oriented quality assurance.
Concept‐guided development of ICT use in ‘traditional’ and ‘innovative’ primary schools: what types of ICT use do schools develop?
Authors: de Koster S. , Kuiper E. , Volman M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe fit between existing educational practices and promoted classroom use of information and communication technologies is increasingly recognized as a factor in successful integration of such technologies in classroom practice. Using a descriptive multiple‐case study design, we characterize the types of information and communication technology (ICT) use resulting from a ‘concept‐guided’ approach in five schools. Teachers at schools characterized as having a ‘traditional’ or an ‘innovative’ school concept were supported in designing and implementing ICT‐enhanced learning arrangements that fit their schools' educational concept. In the traditional schools, ICT was primarily applied to extend and support the use of standard teaching materials in mostly teacher‐directed activities. The innovative schools on the other hand used ICT tools primarily to support open‐ended activities with a lot of input from the pupils. All five schools expected ICT to increase pupils' motivation, improve learning results, promote self‐directed learning, and enable differentiation between pupils. Yet underneath these goals, we find distinct differences in expectations between the two school types.
Chronic obstructive lung disease in Copenhagen: cross‐sectional epidemiological aspects
Authors: LANGE P. , GROTH S. , NYBOE J. , APPLEYARD M. , MORTENSEN J. , JENSEN G. , SCHNOHR P. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Lange P, Groth, S, Nyboe J, Appleyard M, Mortensen J, Jensen G, Schnohr P (Copenhagen City Heart Study, Medical Department B and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine KF, Rigshospitalet, and Medical Department P, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark). Chronic obstructive lung disease in Copenhagen: cross‐sectional epidemiological aspects.We analysed data from the Copenhagen City Heart Study to study the prevalence, possible risk factors for, and inter‐relations between bronchial hypersecretion (BH) and chronic airflow limitation. The study sample consisted of 12698 subjects between 20 years and 90 years of age, randomly selected from the population of the city of Copenhagen. The age‐adjusted overall prevalence of BH in the population of Copenhagen was estimated to be 10.1%; 12.5% in men and 8.2% in women. The overall prevalence of clinically relevant chronic airflow limitation (forced expiratory volume in 1 s < 60% of that predicted) was 3.7% and not significantly different between sexes. Both airflow limitation and BH increased with age, smoking, alcohol consumption, short education, and low income. However, the association of airflow limitation with alcohol consumption, education and income was much weaker than the association with smoking. Regardless of smoking habits, the majority of subjects with airflow limitation did not report symptoms of bronchial hypersecretion.
The prevalence of retinopathy and associated medical risk factors in type I (insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus
Authors: AGARDH E. , TORFFVIT O. , AGARDH C.‐D. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Agardh E, Torffvit O, Agardh C‐D (Departments of Ophthalmology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). The prevalence of retinopathy and associated medical risk factors in type I (insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus.The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and the associated medical risk factors, such as age at onset and duration of diabetes, metabolic control, blood pressure, albumin clearance and serum creatinine, were studied in 501 patients with type I diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of retinopathy, characterized as simplex, maculopathy, preproliferative, and proliferative, was 60.5%. Patients with retinopathy were younger at the onset of diabetes, and had a longer duration of disease. In patients with more than 10 years of diabetes, proliferative retinopathy was more frequent if onset was before they were 15 years old, despite the fact that the duration of diabetes did not differ. Patients with severe retinopathy had worse metabolic control, and were more frequently treated for hypertension. In addition, the systolic blood pressure was elevated in all groups of patients with any type of retinopathy, whereas the diastolic blood pressure was elevated only in patients with more severe forms. Patients with severe retinopathy also had higher levels of albumin clearance.
Cigarette smoke impairment of human lymphocyte function by inhibition of transglutaminase
Authors: BERNTORP K. , EKMAN M. , BERNTORP E. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Berntorp K, Ekman M, Berntorp E (Department of Internal Medicine. University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden). Cigarette smoke impairment of human lymphocyte function by inhibition of transglutaminase.The in‐vitro and in‐vivo effects of cigarette smoke were studied in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by applying a method for the capping of β2‐microglobulin‐ or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)‐stimulated lymphocyte transformation (measured as (3H)thymidine incorporation) involving the transglutaminase pseudosubstrate monodansylthiacadaverine (MDTC), whose presence resulted in significantly reduced capping and (3H)thymidine incorporation in a concentration‐dependent manner.The addition of dimethyl sulphoxide‐soluble particles from cigarette smoke to lymphocytes in vitro significantly reduced the capping ability and the PHA‐induced (3H)thymidine incorporation. Whereas no significant change in MDTC‐dependent capping inhibition was seen in lymphocytes from smokers after 10 d abstinence from smoking, there was a marked decrease in (3H)thymidine incorporation in lymphocytes from smokers after smoking three cigarettes following 10 h abstinence.The tentative conclusion is that exposure to cigarette smoke, or smoke extract, impairs MDTC‐dependent capping inhibition and PHA‐stimulated lymphocyte transformation by transglutaminase inhibition.
The interaction between indomethacin and captopril or enalapril in healthy volunteers
Authors: KOOPMANS P. P. , VAN MEGEN T. , THIEN T. , GRIBNAU F. W. J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Koopmans PP, van Megen T, Thien T. Gribnau FWJ (Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Sint Radboud Hospital, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands). The interaction between indomethacin and captopril or enalapril in healthy volunteers.In this study eight healthy volunteers were involved in a randomized, cross‐over trial in which they were treated with either 25 mg of captopril b.i.d. or 20 mg of enalapril o.i.d. alone or in combination with 50 mg of indomethacin b.i.d. in order to detect a difference between both converting enzyme inhibitors when interacting with indomethacin. Before and after each 4‐d treatment period, blood pressure (determined by random zero sphygmomanometer), body weight, plasma renin activity, angiotensin converting enzyme, plasma potassium, serum creatinine and the 24‐h urinary excretion of 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1α were measured. Indomethacin attenuated the decrease of supine diastolic blood pressure during treatment with captopril, but not with enalapril. However, the initial decrease of blood pressure on captopril was greater than on enalapril. Both converting enzyme inhibitors had no effect on the urinary excretion of 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1α, while indomethacin reduced it. The results suggest a difference between captopril and enalapril in interaction with indomethacin.
Unsatisfactory effect of cyclosporin A treatment in Crohn's disease: a report of five cases
Authors: LÖFBERG R. , ANGELIN B. , EINARSSON K. , GABRIELSSON N. , ÖST L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Löfberg R, Angelin B, Einarsson K, Gabrielsson N, Öst L (Departments of Medicine, Radiology and Urology, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital. Stockholm, Sweden). Unsatisfactory effect of cyclosporin A treatment in Crohn's disease: a report of five cases.Five patients with chronic continuous Crohn's colitis were treated with peroral Cyclosporin A (CyA) for 3 months in an open, uncontrolled pilot trial. The CyA dose was 10 mg kg−1 d−1 the first month of study, and thereafter 5 mg kg−1 d−1. Three of the patients initially showed some response to the treatment with decreases in the Crohn's disease activity index, but subsequently deteriorated. In one patient the condition was unchanged and another clearly worsened. Increases in serum creatinine levels were noted in three patients, and all of these also had decreased 51Cr‐EDTA clearance indicating impaired renal function. Hypertrichosis and hyperaesthesia were also noted as side‐effects. This study does not support the use of CyA in the short‐term treatment of Crohn's disease in the colon.
Changes in body mass index in a Finnish population between 1972 and 1982
Authors: JALKANEN L. , TUOMILEHTO J. , NISSINEN A. , PUSKA P. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Jalkanen L, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A, Puska P (Department of Epidemiology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, and Department of Community Health, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland). Changes in body mass index in a Finnish population between 1972 and 1982.Population‐based data on changes in body mass index are scarce. We have examined about 9700 people aged 30–59 years in two provinces of East Finland in 1972, 1977 and 1982. The age adjusted mean value of body mass index (kg m−2) in 1972 was 26.0 ± 3.4 in men and 26.9 ± 4.7 in women, increasing with age. During the 10‐year follow‐up the mean body mass index increased in men to 26.5 ± 3.6 (P < 0.001). In women we found a decrease in mean body mass index to 26.4 ± 4.9 (P < 0.001). The increase trend in body mass with age remained in women, while in men the age trend increased from survey to survey. The proportion of obese men also increased while in younger women a decrease was observed. The results of this study show the association between changes in physical activity, education etc. and the observed changes in the body mass index.
Comparability of echocardiography and chest X‐ray following myocardial infarction
Authors: ALAM M. , ROSENHAMER G. , HÖGLUND C. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Alam M. Rosenhamer G. Höglund C (Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine I. Karolinska Institute at Södersjukhuset (South Hospital), Stockholm. Sweden). Comparability of echocardiography and chest X‐ray following myocardial infarction.In a group of 23 patients with first‐time myocardial infarction (MI) we compared the results of echocardiography and chest X‐ray as measured 1 week, 2 months, and 6 months following acute MI. Left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension (LVEDd) and left atrial (LA) dimension were measured from the echocardiogram, and the cardiac volume in ml/m2 body surface area (BSA) was calculated from the chest X‐ray. A progressive increase in LA dimension was noticed during the 6‐month period: a significant increase after 2 months (P < 0.001) with a further increase at 6 months compared with after 2 months (P < 0.001). The changes in LA dimension were more pronounced in anterior and Q‐wave infarction (P < 0.001) than in inferior and non‐Q‐wave infarction (P < 0.01). On the other hand, LVEDd showed a less conspicuous change: a moderate increase (P < 0.05) at 2 and 6 months, also with a more pronounced change in anterior wall and Q‐wave infarction (P < 0.01). There was no significant concurrent change in the calculated heart volume in ml/m2 BSA, as measured from the chest X‐ray. It is suggested that the observed changes in LA dimension reflect reduced left ventricular compliance after MI.