bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of synthetic ground motions for specified earthquake and site characteristics
Authors: Rezaeian Sanaz , Der Kiureghian Armen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA method for generating a suite of synthetic ground motion time‐histories for specified earthquake and site characteristics defining a design scenario is presented. The method employs a parameterized stochastic model that is based on a modulated, filtered white‐noise process. The model parameters characterize the evolving intensity, predominant frequency, and bandwidth of the acceleration time‐history, and can be identified by matching the statistics of the model to the statistics of a target‐recorded accelerogram. Sample ‘observations’ of the parameters are obtained by fitting the model to a subset of the NGA database for far‐field strong ground motion records on firm ground. Using this sample, predictive equations are developed for the model parameters in terms of the faulting mechanism, earthquake magnitude, source‐to‐site distance, and the site shear‐wave velocity. For any specified set of these earthquake and site characteristics, sets of the model parameters are generated, which are in turn used in the stochastic model to generate the ensemble of synthetic ground motions. The resulting synthetic acceleration as well as corresponding velocity and displacement time‐histories capture the main features of real earthquake ground motions, including the intensity, duration, spectral content, and peak values. Furthermore, the statistics of their resulting elastic response spectra closely agree with both the median and the variability of response spectra of recorded ground motions, as reflected in the existing prediction equations based on the NGA database. The proposed method can be used in seismic design and analysis in conjunction with or instead of recorded ground motions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large in‐stream wood studies: a call for common metrics
Authors: Wohl Ellen , Cenderelli Daniel A. , Dwire Kathleen A. , Ryan‐Burkett Sandra E. , Young Michael K. , Fausch Kurt D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDuring the past decade, research on large in‐stream wood has expanded beyond North America's Pacific Northwest to diverse environments and has shifted toward increasingly holistic perspectives that incorporate processes of wood recruitment, retention, and loss at scales from channel segments to entire watersheds. Syntheses of this rapidly expanding literature can be facilitated by agreement on primary variables and methods of measurement. In this paper we address these issues by listing the variables that we consider fundamental to studies of in‐stream wood, discussing the sources of variability in their measurement, and suggesting more consistency in future studies. We recommend 23 variables for all studies of in‐stream wood, as well as another 12 variables that we suggest for studies with more specific objectives. Each of these variables relates either to the size and characteristics of in‐stream wood, to the geomorphic features of the channel and valley, or to the ecological characteristics of the riparian zone adjacent to the study reach. The variables were derived from an overview of those cited in the literature and from our collective field experiences. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early assessment initiative using the Systematic Screening and Assessment Method: Three case studies
Authors: Barnes Seraphine Pitt , Wethington Holly , Cheung Karen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThree case studies describe how the Systematic Screening and Assessment (SSA) Method was used to identify innovations that hold promise to prevent childhood obesity. Nominations were reviewed by an expert panel; those having the greatest potential and therefore meriting closer examination through evaluability assessment were identified, and finally the panel chose those that were promising and ready for evaluation. The three case examples are the Fresh Food Financing Initiative of the Food Trust of Philadelphia; New York City's regulations to enforce healthy eating and physical activity in 1,600 licensed day care centers; and the Natrona County, Wyoming, School District local wellness policy. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
The SSA Method: Not just old wine in a new bottle
Authors: Rog Debra J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Systematic Screening and Assessment (SSA) Method is a novel application of evaluability assessment (EA), entwined with the work of an expert panel that nominates programs worthy of EA and then, on the basis of the findings from the EAs, recommends programs for evaluation. The author compares and contrasts the SSA Method with the usual practice of EA and discusses how the method has contributed to the revival of EA in recent years. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Basal ganglia hypoactivity during grip force in drug naïve Parkinson's disease
Authors: Spraker Matthew B. , Prodoehl Janey , Corcos Daniel M. , Comella Cynthia L. , Vaillancourt David E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe basal ganglia (BG) are impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD), but it remains unclear which nuclei are impaired during the performance of motor tasks in early‐stage PD. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine which nuclei function abnormally, and whether cortical structures are also affected by early‐stage PD. The study also determined if cerebellar hyperactivity is found early in the course of PD. Blood oxygenation level dependent activation was compared between 14 early‐stage drug‐naïve PD patients and 14 controls performing two precision grip force tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. The grip tasks used in this study were chosen because both tasks are known to provide robust activation in BG nuclei, and the two tasks were similar except that the 2‐s task required more switching between contraction and relaxation than the 4‐s task. The 4‐s task revealed that PD patients were hypoactive relative to controls only in putamen and external globus pallidus, and thalamus. In the 2‐s task, PD patients were hypoactive throughout all BG nuclei, thalamus, M1, and supplementary motor area. There were no differences in cerebellar activation between groups during either task. Regions of interest analysis revealed that the hypoactivity observed in PD patients during the 2‐s task became more pronounced over time as patients performed the task. This suggests that a motor task that requires switching can accentuate abnormal activity throughout all BG nuclei of early‐stage, drug‐naive PD, and that the abnormal activity becomes more pronounced with repeated task performance in these patients. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The race to learn: Spike timing and STDP can coordinate learning and recall in CA3
Authors: Nolan Christopher R. , Wyeth Gordon , Milford Michael , Wiles Janet 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe CA3 region of the hippocampus has long been proposed as an autoassociative network performing pattern completion on known inputs. The dentate gyrus (DG) region is often proposed as a network performing the complementary function of pattern separation. Neural models of pattern completion and separation generally designate explicit learning phases to encode new information and assume an ideal fixed threshold at which to stop learning new patterns and begin recalling known patterns. Memory systems are significantly more complex in practice, with the degree of memory recall depending on context‐specific goals. Here, we present our spike‐timing separation and completion (STSC) model of the entorhinal cortex (EC), DG, and CA3 network, ascribing to each region a role similar to that in existing models but adding a temporal dimension by using a spiking neural network. Simulation results demonstrate that (a) spike‐timing dependent plasticity in the EC‐CA3 synapses provides a pattern completion ability without recurrent CA3 connections, (b) the race between activation of CA3 cells via EC‐CA3 synapses and activation of the same cells via DG‐CA3 synapses distinguishes novel from known inputs, and (c) modulation of the EC‐CA3 synapses adjusts the learned versus test input similarity required to evoke a direct CA3 response prior to any DG activity, thereby adjusting the pattern completion threshold. These mechanisms suggest that spike timing can arbitrate between learning and recall based on the novelty of each individual input, ensuring control of the learn‐recall decision resides in the same subsystem as the learned memories themselves. The proposed modulatory signal does not override this decision but biases the system toward either learning or recall. The model provides an explanation for empirical observations that a reduction in novelty produces a corresponding reduction in the latency of responses in CA3 and CA1. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two New Sesquiterpene Lactones and a Triterpene Glycoside from Cichorium glandulosum
Authors: Wu Hankui , Su Zhen , Xin Xuelei , Aisa Haji Akber 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo new sesquiterpene lactones, namely 8‐O‐methylsenecioylaustricin (1) and epi‐8α‐angeloyloxycichoralexin (2), as well as a new triterpene glycoside (taraxasterol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, 3), together with the three known sesquiterpene lactones lactucin (4), lactucopicrin (5), and 11β,13‐dihydrolactucin (6), were isolated from the stems of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods.
Four New Triterpenes from Anchusa azurea var. azurea
Authors: Kuruüzüm‐Uz Ayşe , Güvenalp Zuhal , Kazaz Cavit , Salih Bekir , Demirezer L. Ömür 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFour new triterpene glycosides, named oleanazuroside 1 (1), oleanazuroside 2 (2), ursolazuroside 1 (3), and ursolazuroside 2 (4), together with the seven known compounds 5–11, were isolated from the MeOH extract of the aerial parts of Anchusa azurea Miller var. azurea. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic evidence (UV, IR, MALDI‐MS, and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR). The radical‐scavenging activities against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of the BuOH extract and of 8 and 10 were very strong (Table 5).
New Steroids and a New Alkaloid from the Gorgonian Isis minorbrachyblasta: Structures, Cytotoxicity, and Antilarval Activity
Authors: Qi Shu‐Hua , Miao Li , Gao Cheng‐Hai , Xu Ying , Zhang Si , Qian Pei‐Yuan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo new polyoxygenated steroids, (1α,3β,7α,11α,12β)‐gorgost‐5‐ene‐1,3,7,11,12‐pentol 12‐acetate (1) and 11‐O‐acetyl‐22‐epihippuristanol (2), and a new alkaloid, 2,3,5,6,11,11b‐hexahydro‐2‐hydroxy‐1H‐indolizino[8,7‐b]indole‐2‐carboxylic acid (3), together with three known compounds, 22‐epihippuristanol (4), hippuristanol (5), and tryptamine (6), were isolated from the EtOH/CH2Cl2 extracts of the South China Sea gorgonian Isis minorbrachyblasta. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 showed weak cytotoxicity against A549, HONE1, and HeLa cancer cell lines and strong antilarval activity towards Bugula neritina larvae with an EC50 value of 5.8 μg/ml. Compound 5 showed moderate cytotoxicity against A549, HONE1, and HeLa cell lines, and the epimer mixture 4/5 (weight ratio 3 : 2) exhibited potent cytotoxicity against A549 and HONE1 cell lines with IC50 values of 4.2 and 4.8 μg/ml, which indicated that epimers 4 and 5 might have a synergistic effect on their cytotoxicity against A549 and HONE1 cell lines.
H5IO6/KI: A New Combination Reagent for Iodination of Aromatic Amines, and Trimethylsilylation of Alcohols and Phenols through in situ Generation of Iodine under Mild Conditions
Authors: Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Khazaei Ardeshir , Kolvari Eskandar , Koukabi Nadiya , Soltani Hamid , Behjunia Maryam 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA simple method for the in situ generation of iodine using H5IO6/KI has been developed, and its application in silylation of OH group and iodination of aromatic amines is described.
New Epoxy‐Substituted Nitrogenous Bisabolene‐Type Sesquiterpenes from a Hainan Sponge Axinyssa sp.
Authors: Sun Ji‐Zheng , Chen Kao‐Shan , Liu Hai‐Li , van Soest Rob , Guo Yue‐Wei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo new uncommon epoxy‐substituted nitrogenous bisabolene‐type sesquiterpenes, 3‐formamido‐7,8‐epoxy‐α‐bisabolane (4), 3‐isocyano‐7,8‐epoxy‐α‐bisabolane (5), together with three known related sesquiterpenes, 1–3, were isolated from the Hainan sponge Axinyssa sp. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and by comparison of their NMR data with those of structurally related compounds.
Three New Benzophenone Glucosides from the Leaves of Planchonella obovata
Authors: Lee Shoei‐Sheng , Tseng Chang‐Cheng , Chen Chien‐Kuang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractChemical investigation of the EtOH extract of the leaves of Planchonella obovata resulted in the isolation of four benzophenone glucosides, 1–4, of which three, 2–4, are new chemical entities together with five known flavonol glycosides. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Among the isolated compounds, iriflophenone 2‐O‐(2,6‐di‐O‐galloyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (4) showed some activity (91.4 and 15.0% inhibition at 100 and 10 μg/ml, resp.) against the α‐glucosidase of Bacillus stearothermophilus.
Coagulansins A and B, New Withanolides from Withania coagulansDunal
Authors: Jahan Erum , Perveen Shagufta , Fatima Itrat , Malik Abdul 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCoagulansins A (1) and B (2), two new withanolides, were isolated from the CHCl3‐soluble fraction of Withania coagulans Dunal, along with two known withanolides, coagulin R and withanolide P. Their structures were assigned by means of 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectra, DEPT, and 1H,1H‐COSY, NOESY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments.
A Convenient Approach to C2‐Chiral 1,1,4,4‐Tetrasubstituted Butanetetraols: Direct Alkylation or Arylation of Enantiomerically Pure Diethyl Tartrates
Authors: Shan Zixing , Hu Xiaoyun , Zhou Yan , Peng Xitian , Li Zhen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractC2‐Chiral 1,1,4,4‐tetraaryl‐ or 1,1,4,4‐tetraalkyl‐substituted butanetetraols have been conveniently synthesized via arylation or alkylation of unprotected diethyl (2R,3R)‐ and (2S,3S)‐tartrates with Grignard reagent. The chiral 1,1,4,4‐tetrasubstituted butanetetraols were characterized by IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, as well as LC/MS.
Diversity of Sesquiterpenoids from Carpesium cernuum
Authors: Liu Lei‐Lei , Wang Rui , Yang Jun‐Li , Shi Yan‐Ping 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo new sesquiterpene lactones, 6β‐hydroxy‐8α‐ethoxyeremophil‐7(11)‐en‐12,8β‐olide (1) and 4β,10β‐dihydroxy‐1αH,5αH,11αH‐guaian‐12,8β‐olide (2), together with 22 known sesquiterpenoids with various structural types, were isolated from Carpesium cernuum (Compositae). Their structures and configurations were elucidated by extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic analysis in combination with MS experiments, and comparison with literature data of related compounds.
Three New Illudalane Sequiterpenoids from Pteris semipinnata
Authors: Zhan Zha‐Jun , Ying You‐Min , Zhang Fu‐Yu , Li Cheng‐Ping , Shan Wei‐Guang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Pteris semipinnata resulted in the isolation of three illudalane sesquiterpenoids, namely (2R)‐norpterosin B (1), (2R)‐12‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosylnorpterosin B (2), and semipterosin A (3), along with three known compounds. The structures of 1–3 were established by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 2D‐NMR and CD analyses.
The antitumor activity of the fungicide ciclopirox
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Shen Tao , Luo Yan , Liu Lei , Chen Wenxing , Xu Baoshan , Han Xiuzhen , Pang Jia , Rivera Chantal A. , Huang Shile 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCiclopirox olamine (CPX) is a synthetic antifungal agent clinically used to treat mycoses of the skin and nails. Here, we show that CPX inhibited tumor growth in human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 xenografts. To unveil the underlying mechanism, we further studied the antitumor activity of CPX in cell culture. The results indicate that CPX inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in human rhabdomyosarcoma (Rh30), breast carcinoma (MDA‐MB231) and colon adenocarcinoma (HT‐29) cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. By cell cycle analysis, CPX induced accumulation of cells in G1/G0phase of the cell cycle. Concurrently, CPX downregulated cellular protein expression of cyclins (A, B1, D1 and E) and cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDK2 and CDK4) and upregulated expression of the CDK inhibitor p21Cip1, leading to hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. CPX also downregulated protein expression of Bcl‐xL and survivin and enhanced cleavages of Bcl‐2. Z‐VAD‐FMK, a pan‐caspase inhibitor, partially prevented CPX‐induced cell death, suggesting that CPX‐induced apoptosis of cancer cells is mediated at least in part through caspase‐dependent mechanism. The results indicate that CPX is a potential antitumor agent.
Colorectal cancer risk in relation to antidepressant medication use
Authors: Chubak Jessica , Boudreau Denise M. , Rulyak Stephen J. , Mandelson Margaret T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLaboratory studies suggest that antidepressants affect the risk of some cancers, including colorectal cancer. To investigate whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are associated with colorectal cancer risk, we conducted a case‐control study among enrollees of an integrated healthcare delivery system in Washington State. Cases were first diagnosed with invasive colorectal cancer between 2000 and 2003; controls were randomly selected from Group Health enrollees and matched to cases on age, sex and length of enrollment before diagnosis/reference date. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for colorectal cancer in relation to use of any antidepressant, SSRIs only or TCAs only, among 649 cases and 656 controls. Use of any antidepressant was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5–0.9). Associations were similar for persons who used SSRIs exclusively (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.4–1.1) and TCAs exclusively (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5–1.2); however, this reduction in risk appeared limited to persons without a prior cancer at another site. Our data support findings from previous epidemiologic and animal studies that suggest antidepressants may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Future studies with larger sample sizes should further examine individual drugs as well as dose, duration and recency of use.
Changes on surface morphology of corn starch blend films
Authors: Araújo Maria Alberta , Cunha António M. , Mota Manuel 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study aims at evaluating the influence of enzymatic degradation solution on the surface morphology and thermal properties of a poly(ethylene‐vinyl alcohol) copolymer—corn starch thermoplastic blend (SEVA‐C), as a function of immersion time. To perform this study, three different batches were assessed using SEVA‐C samples of different thicknesses and a fixed weight of 1.6 g, immersed in α‐amylase (50 u/L) up to 90 days at 37°C. TGA, contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were used. Three degradation mechanisms are considered in these systems: namely, mass loss due to plasticizer leaching (glycerol), starch enzymatic cleavage, and synthetic polymer fractions degradation. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch fraction and subsequent leaching from the internal bulk structure led to an increase in surface porosity, pore size, roughness, and to the development of small pits throughout the surface, as observed by SEM and AFM. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Synthesis and characterization of injectable bioadhesive hydrogels for nucleus pulposus replacement and repair of the damaged intervertebral disc
Authors: Vernengo J. , Fussell G. W. , Smith N. G. , Lowman A. M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBioadhesive polymers are natural or synthetic materials that can be used for soft tissue repair. The aim of this investigation was to develop an injectable, bioadhesive hydrogel with the potential to serve as a synthetic replacement for the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc or as an annulus closure material. Branched copolymers of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were blended with poly(ethylene imine) (PEI). This three component injectable system can form a precipitated gel at physiological temperature due to the phase transition of PNIPAAm. The injection of glutaraldehyde into the gel core will adhere the implant to the surrounding tissues.1H NMR results indicated the successful physical incorporation of PEI into the PNIPAAm‐PEG network by blending. In addition, the covalent crosslinking between the amine functionalities on the PEI and the aldehyde functionalities on the glutaraldehyde was verified using FTIR difference spectroscopy. Mechanical characterization of these blends showed a significant increase (p< 0.05) in compressive modulus following glutaraldehyde injection. Thein vitrobioadhesive force studies with porcine skin showed a significant increase (p< 0.05) in the mean maximum force of detachment for PNIPAAm‐PEG/PEI gels when glutaraldehyde was injected into the gel core. The results of this study indicate that the reactivity between amines and aldehyde functionalities can be exploited to impart bioadhesive properties to PNIPAAm‐PEG/PEI copolymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Role of protein contaminants in the immunogenicity of alginates
Authors: Ménard Martin , Dusseault Julie , Langlois Geneviève , Baille Wilms E. , K. Tam Susan , Yahia L'Hocine , Zhu X X , Hallé Jean‐Pierre 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAlginate is widely used for cell microencapsulation and transplantation. There is a lack of standardization of alginate purity and composition. In a previous study, we compared different alginate purification methods and concluded that polyphenol and endotoxin contaminants were eliminated efficiently but residual protein contaminants persisted with all of the methods under evaluation. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that residual proteins play a role in the immunogenicity of certain alginate preparations. Using preparative size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and a large scale purification protocol that was derived from the findings obtained with SEC, we substantially decreased the protein content of alginate preparations. When implanted into mouse peritoneum, barium alginate beads made of alginates that were purified using SEC or the derived large scale protocol induced significantly less pericapsular cell adhesion than those made with control alginates. In conclusions, these results suggest that removing residual protein contamination may decrease the immunogenicity of certain alginate preparations. The measurement of proteins could be used as a screening method for evaluating alginate preparations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010