bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, Electrochemical, and Optic Limiting Properties of Novel CoII, CuII, and Double‐Decker LuIII Phthalocyanines
Authors: Saydam Sinan , Yılmaz Engin , Bağcı Fulya , Yağlıoğlu H. Gül , Elmalı Ayhan , Salih Bekir , Bekaroğlu Özer 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis, spectroscopic, electrochemical, and optical properties of tetrasubstituted CoII, CuII, and double‐decker LuIII phthalocyanines are reported. The new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, and MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. Their electrochemistry was studied by cyclic voltammetry and Osteryoung square‐wave voltammetry in nonaqueous medium. Nonlinear absorption and optical limiting performance of peripheral‐substituted (C30H28N30)4Co (5), (C30H28N30)4Cu (6), and [(C30H28N30)4]2Lu (7) were investigated by the Z‐scan technique. Whereas 6 and 7 showed good nonlinear absorption, 5 did not. Optical limiting parameters of the ratio of the excited state to the ground state absorption cross sections κ, the effective nonlinear absorption coefficient βeff, the linear absorption coefficient α0, limiting threshold Fth, and the saturation density or energy density Fsat values were determined for 6 and 7. The results indicated that both compounds exhibited good optical limiting performances. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Positive modulation of AMPA receptors prevents downregulation of GluR2 expression and activates the Lyn‐ERK1/2‐CREB signaling in rat brain ischemia
Authors: Zhang Quan‐Guang , Han Dong , Hu Shu‐Qun , Li Chong , Yu Chang‐Zhou , Wang Ran , Zhang Guang‐Yi 
Published: March 2009

Abstractα‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are responsible for excitotoxicity induced by ischemic injury in hippocampal CA1 neurons, whereas the molecular mechanisms responsible for their neurotrophic activities are much less studied. Here, we examined the neuroprotective effect of positive modeulation of AMPARs by coapplication of AMPA with PEPA, an allosteric potentiator of AMPARs. We showed that coapplication of AMPA with PEPA protected hippocampal CA1 neurons from brain ischemia‐induced death. Coapplication of AMPA with PEPA could prevent downregulated expression of GluR2 subunit caused by ischemia and increase BDNF expression via Lyn‐ERK1/2‐CREB signaling. Furthermore, TrkB receptor‐mediated PI3K/Akt signal pathway was activated after coapplication of AMPA with PEPA, which was related to MAPK pathway and protected CA1 neurons against ischemic insults through depression of JNK3 activity, release of cytochrome c to cytosol and depression of capase‐3 activity. Our results revealed that positive modulation of AMPARs could exert neuroprotective effects and the possible signaling pathways underlied. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mirtazapine add‐on therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia with atypical antipsychotics: a double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Berk Michael , Gama Clarissa S. , Sundram Suresh , Hustig Harry , Koopowitz Les , D'Souza Russell , Malloy Hamish , Rowland Cate , Monkhouse Alison , Monkhouse Andrew , Bole Fiona , Sathiyamoorthy Sumathy , Piskulic Danijela , Dodd Seetal 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveSchizophrenia is a multifaceted illness with positive, negative and cognitive symptom domains. Standard treatments often focus on positive symptoms and may not adequately relieve other symptoms. Previous studies have suggested a role for mirtazapine in schizophrenia, particularly in negative symptoms. This study investigates the efficacy of adding mirtazapine to treatment as usual to alleviate the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.MethodsIn a 6 week, double‐blind clinical trial, participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and currently being treated with atypical antipsychotic medication were randomised to adjunctive treatment with mirtazapine (30 mg/day) or placebo. The primary outcome measure was improvement in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Measures of cognition, collected at baseline and week 6 only, were analysed using an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) model. All other outcome measures were analysed using a linear mixed model.ResultsForty participants were recruited to the study with equal numbers randomised to each treatment arm. There was no significant difference between mirtazapine and placebo treated participants for improvement in PANSS scores or any of the secondary outcome measures at any stage during the 6‐week trial.ConclusionsThis trial does not confirm previous research supporting the use of mirtazapine adjunctive to atypical antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial assessment of hydrologic alteration across the Pearl River Delta, China, and possible underlying causes
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Xu Chong‐Yu , Chen Yongqin David , Yang Tao 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe alterations of the water level across the Pearl River Delta (PRD) were investigated using a ‘range of variability approach’ (RVA) based on monthly water level datasets extracted from 17 gauging stations. A mapping method was used to illustrate the spatial patterns in the degrees of alteration of water levels. The results indicated that more stations showing moderate and high alterations in monthly mean maximum and minimum water levels when compared with monthly maximum and minimum water levels. River channels characterized by higher alterations of water levels were observed mainly in the regions north of 22° 30′N. Alterations of water levels across the PRD were a consequence of various influencing factors. However, changed hypsography due to extensive and intensive human activities, particularly the large‐scale dredging and excavation of the river sand, may be taken as one of the major causes for the substantial hydrologic alteration. This study indicated that the river channels characterized by altered water levels are mostly those characterized by highly and moderately intensive sand dredging. The changed ratio of the streamflow between Makou and Sanshui stations, the major upstream flow control stations, also influenced the water level alterations of the Pearl River delta. The results of this study will be of great significance in water resources management and better human mitigation of the natural hazards due to the altered water level under the changing environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is Runx a linchpin for developmental signaling in metazoans?
Authors: Coffman James A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Runt domain (Runx) is a 128 amino acid sequence motif that defines a metazoan family of sequence‐specific DNA binding proteins, which appears to have originated in concert with the intercellular signaling systems that coordinate multicellular development in animals. In the model organisms where they have been studied (fruit fly, mouse, sea urchin, and nematode) Runx genes are essential for normal development, and in humans they are causally associated with a variety of cancers, manifesting both oncogenic and tumor suppressive attributes. During development Runx proteins support both cell proliferation and differentiation, and function in both transcriptional activation and repression. Runx function is thus context‐dependent, with the context provided genetically by cis‐regulatory sequence architecture and epigenetically by development. This context dependency makes it difficult to formulate reductionistic generalizations concerning Runx function in normal and carcinogenic development. However, a growing body of literature links Runx function to each of the major intercellular signaling systems in animals, suggesting that the general function of Runx transcription factors may be to potentiate and govern genomic responsiveness to developmental signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 194–202, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purification and characterization of solvent‐tolerant, thermostable, alkaline metalloprotease from alkalophilic Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 7926
Authors: Patil Ulhas , Chaudhari Ambalal 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Microbial proteases are becoming imperative for commercial applications. The protease secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 7926, isolated from solvent‐contaminated habitat was purified and characterized for activity at various edaphic conditions. The purified alkaline protease was investigated for dehairing of animal skin, anti‐staphylococcal activity and processing of X‐ray film.RESULTS: The protease was 24‐fold purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, sephadex G‐100 gel filtration and DEAE‐cellulose, with 36% recovery. KM and Vmax, using casein were 2.94 mg mL−1 and 1.27 µmole min−1, respectively. The apparent molecular mass by SDS‐PAGE was 35 kDa. Alkaline protease was active at pH 6–11 and temperature 25–65 °C. Its activity was (a) 86.8% in 100 mmol L−1 NaCl, (b) >95% in metal ions (Mn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+) for 1 h, (c) >90% in bleaching agents and chemical surfactants, (d) 135.4 ± 2.0% and 119.9 ± 6.2% with rhamnolipid and cyclodextrin, respectively, (e) stable in solvents for 5–30 days at 27 °C, and (f) inhibited by EDTA, indicating metalloprotein.CONCLUSION: This work showed that purified protease retained its activity in surfactants, solvents, metals, and bleaching agents. The enzyme is an alternative for detergent formulations, dehairing of animal skin, X‐ray film processing, treatment of staphylococcal infections and possibly non‐aqueous enzymatic peptide synthesis. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of surfactants and biomass on the gas/liquid mass transfer in an aqueous‐silicone oil two‐phase partitioning bioreactor using Rhodococcus erythropolis T902.1 to remove VOCs from gaseous effluents
Authors: Aldric Jean‐Marc , Gillet Sébastien , Delvigne Frank , Blecker Christophe , Lebeau Frédéric , Wathelet Jean‐Paul , Manigat Geralda , Thonart Philippe 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The two‐phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB) has become a new strategy for waste gas treatment. However, the impact of biomass and surfactants on gas/liquid (G/L) mass transfer needs to be better evaluated because the effects on the mass transfer coefficient KL and the interfacial area a, respectively, remains misunderstood.RESULTS: This study showed that, first, the surfactant extract produced by Rhodococcus erythropolis reduced the surface hydrophobicity of the biomass. Secondly, an optimal concentration appeared to exist for both components, respectively 0.5 g L−1 and 0.7 g L−1 for biomass (B) and surfactant extract (SE) when the global mass transfer coefficient (KLa) of oxygen was measured in a silicone oil/water TPPB. However, the combination of B and SE was found to induce a negative synergism. In particular, SE improved the interfacial area a by increasing the bubble diameter, while B reduced it as soon as a concentration of 1 g L−1 was exceeded. In contrast, the SE acted negatively on the KL, while B improved it overall.CONCLUSION: Better consideration is needed of the effect of biotic components in order to understand the phenomenon of G/L mass transfer in a TPPB. The behaviour of biomass growth and surfactants may strongly influence the mathematical models proposed in the literature. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Reaction diastereoselectivity of chiral aminoalcohols/[Co(II)NO3]+ complexes in evaporating ESI nanodroplets: new insights from a joint experimental and computational investigation
Authors: Aschi Massimiliano , Fraschetti Caterina , Filippi Antonello , Speranza Maurizio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe nature of the ionic species, formed by electrospray ionization (ESI) of Co(NO3)2/CH3OH solutions with a pair of aminoalcohols W and Y, has been investigated by mass spectrometric and computational methods. Collision induced dissociation (CID) of ions, formally corresponding to the [WYCoNO3]+ structures, yields fragmentation patterns which reflect not only the expected [WYCoNO3]+ connectivity but also that of other isomeric structures. Formation of these latter species is observed only in the presence of a tertiary aminoalcohol, like N‐methylpseudoephedrine. The CID patterns are found to be strongly dependent on the chemical form (whether the free aminoalcohol or its hydrochloride), the configuration, and the relative concentration of the W and Y aminoalcohols. This variability parallels the results of classical MD (molecular dynamics) simulations of the [WYCoNO3]+ adducts which show a drastic alteration of the mechanical–dynamical features of the adducts by simply changing the charge state of W and/or Y, their absolute configuration, or by removing the solvent. The present experimental and computational study confirms the observation of fast stereoselective reactions in ESI nanodroplets before their evaporation and warns against any automatic correlation between the ESI spectrum of an analyte and its structure in solution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A platinum agent resistance gene, POLB, is a prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer
Authors: Iwatsuki Masaaki , Mimori Koshi , Yokobori Takehiko , Tanaka Fumiaki , Tahara Koichiro , Inoue Hiroshi , Baba Hideo , Mori Masaki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundRecent progress in chemotherapy with platinum agents has improved clinical outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC), but there are no useful markers to predict the efficacy of such agents. DNA polymerase beta (POLB) mediates the efficacy of chemotherapy through DNA repair machinery. We analyzed the significance of POLB expression in CRC chemotherapy and its potential as a prognostic indicator.MethodsUsing microarray, POLB was found to be overexpressed in CRC cells compared with corresponding normal colon epithelial cells. We determined the susceptibility of POLB‐suppressed cells to cisplatin and oxaliplatin. We evaluated POLB mRNA expression in 97 CRC cases to determine the clinicopathologic significance of POLB expression.ResultsWe found the suppression of POLB altered the in vitro susceptibility to cisplatin but not to oxaliplatin. In 97 CRC cases, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and TNM classification were significantly greater in the high POLB group than in the low group (P < 0.05). Patients with high POLB expression had significantly poorer prognosis than those with low expression (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe data indicate POLB is overexpressed in CRC cases with high malignant potential. We suggest POLB could be useful as a predictive marker for selection of patients responsive to cisplatin. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:261–266. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Welding with High Power Diode Lasers
Authors: Venkat Sri 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe new HighLight 1000F from Coherent is a fiber‐delivered, high power direct diode laser system for industrial metal fabrication uses. Specifically, this turnkey system produces 1 kW of high brightness output at 980 nm from a 600 μm core fiber having a numerical aperture of 0.22. This fiber, which is available in lengths from 5 m to 20 m, is terminated with an industry standard fiber connector making it compatible with common beam delivery accessories and process heads. This article provides an overview of the system's new possibilities.
Electrostatically‐driven Ordering in Model Dendrimer Polyelectrolytes: Effects of Concentration
Authors: Karatasos K. , Krystallis M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this study we extend our previous work in the self‐organization of dendrimer polyelectrolytes (Macromolecules, 2008, 41, 225) by examining the effects of dendrimer concentration and/or total volume fraction in the ordering process and the resulting structure, in the arrangement of counterions and dendrimer beads and in the diffusive motion of dendrimers at different strengths of Coulombic interactions. It is found that as long as the total volume fraction remains low (i.e. no jamming phenomena intervene) the symmetry of the resulted cubic phases is unaltered. At a higher volume fraction and at the strong electrostatic regime a kinetic arrest of the dendrimer molecules much in analogy to a colloidal glass‐like transition is observed, inhibiting thus the ordering process. Changes in the strength of electrostatic interactions and dendrimer concentration induces a systematic variation of the counterion ‐ counterion and the counterion ‐ charged‐dendrimer‐bead spatial arrangement. These findings are in qualitative agreement with previous studies in systems with very different structural details of the considered solutes, indicating a more general behaviour in charged macroion/counterion solutions.
Block Copolymer Micellisation in a Common Solvent Modeled by Self‐Consistent Field Calculations
Authors: Leermakers Frans A. M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSummary: Recently it was shown that it is possible that block copolymers form micellar solutions in non‐selective solvents. Such micellisation is the result of a pure form of self‐assembly. A molecular realisation is given by asymmetric Poly‐(methacrylic acid)‐block‐Poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers (PMAA‐b‐PEO) in water at a pH < 5. As both the (short) methacrylic acid block and the (long) ethylene oxide are water soluble in the conditions used, it was concluded that the driving force is interchain hydrogen bonding between the PMAA and the PEO units. The mismatch in length of the blocks forces one block to accumulate at the micellar periphery and this eventually stops the phase separation process. We have performed self‐consistent field calculations to examine this scenario. With very reasonable parameters we are able to mimic the properties of these micelles, elaborate the pH dependence and confirm the trend found for the electrophoretic mobility. A nontrivial result of the calculations is that the ratio EO/MAA in the core is close to two.
Development and implementation of a physiotherapy intervention for use in a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in primary care for shoulder pain
Authors: Dziedzic Krysia , Stevenson Kay , Thomas Elaine , Sim Julius , Hay Elaine 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjective: To develop a package of physiotherapy treatment for a randomized controlled trial in primary care for shoulder pain and audit its use within the trial.Methods: A survey of current physiotherapy approaches to the management of shoulder pain was conducted. The most frequently reported treatments were proposed as a package of care for a physiotherapy intervention in a trial of shoulder pain. The package was refined by a subgroup of 13 physiotherapists. For patients receiving the physiotherapy intervention in the main trial (n = 98), the frequency of use of modalities over the treatment period was calculated by percentages of modality usage per number of patient contacts. Treatment details were recorded by the physiotherapist at each patient visit.Results: The physiotherapy intervention included passive movements/mobilizations, active movement/mobilizations, a home exercise programme, education and advice, and ultrasound. The most frequently used modality at the assessment visit was the standardized education and advice leaflet for shoulder pain (85%) followed by the home exercise programme (79%), which was reinforced throughout the trial treatment course. The most frequently used modalities over the treatment period were ultrasound (42%), active mobilizations (41%) and passive mobilizations (41%). The mean number of trial treatment visits was 6.2 (SD: 2.1; range 1–8). Additional trial treatments (1–8) were delivered to 12 patients. Eighty‐five patients were given only one therapeutic diagnosis, and 13 were given two. The most common diagnoses were tendonitis (32%) and capsulitis (25%). Pain was the major problem in 78% of patients, 15% had stiffness and 7% of patients reported both pain and stiffness.Conclusions: Physiotherapists complied well with the trial protocol. Few treatments were used in isolation. This report demonstrates how physiotherapists can agree and deliver a standardized package of treatment, which reflects current practice, as part of a randomized controlled trial. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of electrorheological properties and creep behavior of poly(oxymethylene)/polythiophene composites
Authors: Eyrik Mehtap , Yavuz Mustafa , Unal H. Ibrahim , Sari Bekir 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this study, electrorheological (ER) properties of polythiophene (PT) and poly(oxymethylene)/polythiophene (POM/PT), conducting composites having different compositions were investigated. The particle sizes of the composites were measured by dynamic light scattering method. Conductivities and dielectric properties of these composites were determined. Suspensions of PT and POM/PT composites were prepared in silicone oil (SO) at several concentrations (c = 5–25%, m/m) and their sedimentation stabilities were determined. The flow times of these suspensions at various dc electric field strengths were measured. The effects of dispersed particle concentration, particle size, shear rate, electric field strength, frequency, and temperature onto ER activities of these suspensions were investigated. Further, creep tests were applied to the composite suspensions and reversible viscoelastic deformations observed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fatigue delamination, initiation, and growth, under mode I and II of fracture in a carbon‐fiber epoxy composite
Authors: Argüelles Antonio , Viña Jaime , Canteli Alfonso F. , Bonhomme Jorge 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article, interlaminar crack initiation and propagation under mode I and II dynamic loading of an epoxy matrix reinforced with unidirectional carbon fibers were evaluated. Delamination in mode I was carried out employing the DCB test (Double Cantilever Beam). In mode II, the ENF test (End Notched Flexure) was used. The fracture toughness in mode I was obtained using the methods of the ASTM D5528 Standard, whereas in mode II, the methods were applied in accordance with the ESIS (European Structural Integrity Society) Protocol. Employing this experimental program, the fatigue curves (ΔG,N) and growth rate curves (ΔG, da/dN) in both fracture modes were determined for an asymmetry ratio R = 0.2. The influence of the manufacturing process of the material on its behavior with respect to crack growth onset may be deduced from the experimental results, mainly the presence of resin bags. Moreover, as the crack growth rate decreases for large crack lengths, crack growth may even cease if the critical fracture energy does not increase above the values obtained in the static characterization of the material. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers