bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterned macroarray plates in comparison of bacterial adhesion inhibition of tantalum, titanium, and chromium compared with diamond‐like carbon
Authors: Levon Jaakko , Myllymaa Katja , Kouri Vesa‐Petteri , Rautemaa Riina , Kinnari Teemu , Myllymaa Sami , Konttinen Yrjö T. , Lappalainen Reijo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus device‐related infection is a common complication in implantology. Bacterial adhesion on implant surfaces is the initial step in the infective process. The aim was to develop a method suitable for quantitative bacterial adherence studies and to test a new diamond‐like carbon (DLC) coating against commonly used metallic biomaterials with regards to Staphylococcus aureus adhesion. Patterned silicon chips with spots of tantalum, titanium, chromium, and DLC were produced using ultraviolet lithography and physical vapor deposition. These patterned chips were used as such or glued to array plates, pretreated with serum and exposed to S. aureus (S‐15981) for 90 min, followed by acridine orange staining and fluorescence microscopy. An adhesion index showed that the ranking order of the biomaterials was titanium, tantalum, chromium, and DLC, with the DLC being clearly most resistant against colonization with S. aureus. Micropatterned surfaces are useful for quantitative comparison of bacterial adherence on different biomaterials. In the presence of serum, DLC is superior in its ability to resist adhesion and colonization by S. aureus compared with the commonly used biomaterial metals tantalum, titanium, and chromium. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Emotional intelligence and mental disorder
Authors: Hertel Janine , Schütz Astrid , Lammers Claas‐Hinrich 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEmotional abilities were measured with a performance test of emotional intelligence (The Mayer‐Salovey‐Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test; Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2002) in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, substance abuse disorder, or borderline personality disorder (BPD), and a nonclinical control group. Findings showed that all clinical groups differed from controls with respect to their overall emotional intelligence score, which dovetails with previous findings from self‐report measures. Specifically, we found that the ability to understand emotional information and the ability to regulate emotions best distinguished the groups. Findings showed that patients with substance abuse disorder and BPD patients were most impaired. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–13, 2009.
Does attachment avoidance help people cope with loss? the moderating effects of relationship quality
Authors: Mancini Anthony D. , Robinaugh Don , Shear Katherine , Bonanno George A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPrevious research has been inconsistent about the role of attachment avoidance in coping with loss. The present study sought to resolve this issue by examining the potential moderating role of relationship quality with the deceased. The authors used longitudinal data on bereaved spouses (N=50) collected at 4 and 18 months postloss. Three‐way effects emerged among attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, and marital quality in the prediction of complicated grief (CG) symptoms at 18 months, controlling for 4‐month symptoms. Findings indicated that, in the context of high but not low marital quality, persons with a dismissingly avoidant attachment style (high avoidance, low anxiety) experienced marked reductions in CG symptoms from 4 to 18 months. Findings clarify the role of attachment avoidance in coping with loss and underscore that relationship quality is a critical factor in the attachment‐grief relationship. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–10, 2009.
Syntheses and fluorescent properties of 2‐amino substituted 6,7‐dimethoxy‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)quinolines
Authors: Stadlbauer Wolfgang , Avhale Appasaheb B. , Badgujar Naresh S. , Uray Georg 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
magnified image2‐Amino‐substituted 6,7‐dimethoxy‐4‐trifluoromethyl‐quinolines were synthesized from the 2‐oxo compound 1 via 2‐chloroquinoline 2 and aminated with anilines or benzylamine to give highly fluorescent molecules 4, 5. 2‐Aminoquinoline 8 was obtained via azidation of 2, 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5, 6A, 6T, reaction to the phosphazene 7, and hydrolysis. 4‐Ethoxycarbonyl derivative 4b is suitable for linking appropriate biomolecules. The construction of a linking group was achieved by conversion of 4b via carboxylic acid 9 to the reactive O‐succinimide ester 10, which reacts easily with amino acids or peptides to amides 11 and 12. The fluorescent properties were investigated and are comparable with derivatives of 1. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Developing bifunctional β‐lactamase molecules with built‐in target‐recognizing module for prodrug therapy: identification of Enterobacter Cloacae P99 cephalosporinase loops suitable for randomization and phage‐display selection
Authors: Shukla Girja S. , Krag David N. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study was focused on developing catalytically active β‐lactamase enzyme molecules that have target‐recognizing sites built within their scaffold. Using phage‐display approach, nine libraries were constructed by inserting the randomized linear or cysteine‐constrained heptapeptides in the five different loops on the outer surface of P99 β‐lactamase molecule. The pIII signal peptide of Sec‐pathway was employed for a periplasmic translocation of the β‐lactamase fusion protein, which we found more efficient than the DsbA signal peptide of SRP‐pathway. The randomized heptapeptide loops replaced native amino acids between positions 34Y‐37K, 238M‐246A, 275N‐280A, 305A‐311S, or 329I‐334I of the P99 β‐lactamase molecules for generating the loop‐1 to ‐5 libraries, respectively. The diversity of each loop library was judged by counting the primary and β‐lactamase‐active clones. The linear peptide inserts in the loop‐2 library showed the maximum number of the β‐lactamase‐active clones, followed by the loop‐5, loop‐3, and loop‐4. The insertion of the cysteine‐constrained loops exhibited a dramatic loss of the enzyme‐active β‐lactamase clones. The complexity of the loop‐2 linear library, as determined by the frequency and diversity of amino acid distributions in the randomized region, appears consistent with the standards of other types of phage display library systems. The selection of the loop‐2 linear library on streptavidin protein as a test target identified several β‐lactamase clones that specifically bound to streptavidin. In conclusion, this study identified the suitability of the loop‐2 of P99 β‐lactamase for constructing a phage‐display library of the β‐lactamase enzyme‐active molecules that can be selected against a target. This is an enabling step in our long‐term goal of developing bifunctional β‐lactamase molecules against cancer‐specific targets for enzyme prodrug therapy of cancer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noninvasive in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance study to estimate pulmonary reducing ability in mice exposed to NiO or C60 nanoparticles
Authors: Yokoyama Hidekatsu , Ono Taizo , Morimoto Yasuo , Myojo Toshihiko , Tanaka Isamu , Shimada Manabu , Wang Wei‐Ning , Endoh Shigehisa , Uchida Kunio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPurposeTo develop new methods that can estimate the influences of manufactured nanomaterials on biological systems, the in vivo pulmonary reducing ability of mice that had received inhalation exposures to NiO or C60 nanoparticles was investigated using a 700 MHz electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer.Materials and MethodsNiO or C60 suspensions were atomized and mice in exposure chambers inhaled the resulting aerosol particles for 3 hours. The exposure conditions, number‐based geometric average diameters, and the average number concentration were precisely controlled at almost the same levels for both NiO and C60 nanoparticles. Two days or 2 weeks after exposure, an EPR study was conducted noninvasively. Temporal changes in EPR signal intensity at the target area (ie, lung field) were obtained by the region‐selected intensity determination (RSID) method.ResultsNiO nanoparticles significantly suppressed pulmonary reducing ability 2 days and 2 weeks after exposure, but C60 nanoparticles had no such effect.ConclusionThis is the first in vivo estimation of the reducing ability in experimental animals exposed to manufactured nanoparticles. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous efflux of endogenous D‐ser and L‐glu from single acute hippocampus slices during oxygen glucose deprivation
Authors: Kirschner Daniel L. , Wilson Ann L. , Drew Kelly L. , Green Thomas K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractD‐serine and L‐glutamate play crucial roles in excitotoxicity through N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor coactivation, but little is known about the temporal profile of efflux during cerebral ischemia. We utilized a newly designed brain slice microperfusion device coupled offline to capillary electrophoresis laser‐induced fluorescence to monitor dynamic efflux of endogenous D‐ser and L‐glu in response to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in single acute hippocampus slices. Efflux profiles with 2‐min temporal resolution in response to 24‐min OGD show that efflux of D‐ser slightly precedes efflux of L‐glu by one 2‐min sampling interval. Thus both coagonists are available to activate NMDA receptors by the time when glu is released. The magnitude of D‐ser efflux relative to baseline values is, however, less than that for L‐glu. Peak efflux during OGD, expressed as pre‐OGD baseline values, was as follows: D‐ser 254% ± 24%, L‐glu 1,675% ± 259%, L‐asp 519% ± 128%, and L‐thr 313% ± 33%. L‐glutamine efflux was shown to decrease significantly in response to OGD. The microperfusion/CE‐LIF approach shows several promising attributes for studying endogenous chemical efflux from single, acute brain slices. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in a neural cell model of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Acsadi Gyula , Lee Icksoo , Li Xingli , Khaidakov Magomed , Pecinova Alena , Parker Graham C. , Hüttemann Maik 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMutations of the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) lead to anterior horn cell death. The cause is unknown, but motor neurons depend substantially on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) for normal function. Therefore, mitochondrial parameters were analyzed in an SMA cell culture model using small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection that decreased Smn expression in NSC‐34 cells to disease levels. Smn siRNA knock‐down resulted in 35% and 66% reduced Smn protein levels 48 and 72 hr posttransfection, respectively. ATP levels were reduced by 14% and 26% at 48 and 72 hr posttransfection, respectively, suggesting decreased ATP production or increased energy demand in neural cells. Smn knock‐down resulted in increased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased free radical production. Changes in activity of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), a key OxPhos component, were observed at 72 hr with a 26% increase in oxygen consumption. This suggests a compensatory activation of the aerobic pathway, resulting in increased mitochondrial membrane potentials, a condition known to lead to the observed increase in free radical production. Further testing suggested that changes in ATP at 24 hr precede observable indices of cell injury at 48 hr. We propose that energy paucity and increased mitochondrial free radical production lead to accumulated cell damage and eventual cell death in Smn‐depleted neural cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction may therefore be important in SMA pathology and may represent a new therapeutic target. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase expression in the central nervous system is elevated at sites of pressure gradient elevation but not absolute pressure increase
Authors: Balaratnasingam Chandrakumar , Pham Duy , Morgan William H. , Bass Louise , Cringle Stephen J. , Yu Dao‐Yi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe paucity of suitable experimental models has made it difficult to isolate the pathogenic role of mitochondria in central nervous system diseases associated with absolute pressure elevation and increased pressure gradients. Experimental models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hydrocephalus have been useful for examining the mitochondrial response following pressure increase in the central nervous system; however, the presence of multiple pathogenic factors acting on the brain in these previous studies has made it difficult to determine whether the induced changes were a result of mechanical damage, intracranial pressure elevation, or other pathogenic factors. By direct monitoring and control of pressures in the intraocular, intracranial, and vascular compartments, we use the pig optic nerve, a typical central white matter tract, to compare the temporal sequence of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) levels between regions of absolute pressure elevation and pressure gradient increase. We demonstrate that a rise in pressure gradient without traumatic injury up‐regulates CcO levels across the site of the gradient, in a manner similar to what has been previously reported for hydrocephalus. We also demonstrate that CcO changes do not occur following an absolute pressure rise. These findings taken together with our recent reports suggest that mitochondria initiate an early compensatory response to axonal damage following pressure gradient increase. Extrapolation of our results also suggests that decreased CcO levels in TBI may be secondary to mechanical damage. This study emphasises the importance of pressure gradients in regulating mitochondrial function in the central nervous system. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disruption of the midkine gene (Mdk) delays degeneration and regeneration in injured peripheral nerve
Authors: Sakakima Harutoshi , Yoshida Yoshihiro , Yamazaki Yoshiki , Matsuda Fumiyo , Ikutomo Masako , Ijiri Kosei , Muramatsu Hisako , Muramatsu Takashi , Kadomatsu Kenji 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMidkine (MK) is a growth factor implicated in the development and repair of various tissues, especially neural tissues. MK acts as a reparative neurotrophic factor in damaged peripheral nerves. A postulated role of MK in the degeneration and regeneration of sciatic nerves was explored by comparing wild‐type (Mdk+/+) mice with MK‐deficient (Mdk−/−) mice after freezing injury. In the Mdk−/− mice, a regenerative delay was observed, preceded by a decelerated Wallerian degeneration (WD). The relative wet weight of the soleus muscle slowly declined, and recovery was delayed compared with that in the Mdk+/+ mice. In the regenerating nerve, unmyelinated axons were unevenly distributed, and some axons contained myelin‐like, concentrically lamellated bodies. In the endplates of soleus muscles, nerve terminals containing synaptic vesicles disappeared in both mice. In Mdk−/− mice, the appearance of nerve terminals was delayed in synaptic vesicles of terminal buttons after injury. The recovery of evoked electromyogram was delayed in Mdk−/− mice compared with Mdk+/+ mice. Our results suggested a delay in axonal degeneration and regeneration in Mdk−/− mice compared with Mdk+/+ mice, and the delayed regeneration was associated with a delayed recovery of motor function. These findings show that a lack of MK following peripheral nerve injury is a critical factor in degeneration and regeneration, and manipulation of the supply of MK may offer interesting therapeutic options for the treatment of peripheral nerve damage. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Type 1 insulin‐like growth factor receptor signaling is essential for the development of the hippocampal formation and dentate gyrus
Authors: Liu Wen , Ye Ping , O'Kusky John R. , D'Ercole A. Joseph 
Published: May 2009

AbstractType 1 insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) signaling in neuronal development was studied in mutant mice with blunted igf1r gene expression in nestin‐expressing neuronal precursors. At birth [postnatal (P) day 0] brain weights were reduced to 37% and 56% of controls in mice homozygous (nes‐igf1r−/−) and heterozygous (nes‐igf1r−/Wt) for the null mutation, respectively, and this brain growth retardation persisted postnatally. Stereological analysis demonstrated that the volumes of the hippocampal formation, CA fields 1–3, dentate gyrus (DG), and DG granule cell layer (GCL) were decreased by 44–54% at P0 and further by 65–69% at P90 in nes‐igf1r−/Wt mice. In nes‐igf1r−/− mice, volumes were 29–31% of controls at P0 and, in the two mice that survived to P90, 6–19% of controls, although the hilus could not be identified. Neuron density did not differ among the mice at any age studied; therefore, decreased volumes were due to reduced cell number. In postnatal nes‐igf1r−/Wt mice, the percentage of apoptotic cells, as judged by activated caspase‐3 immunostaining, was increased by 3.5–5.3‐fold. The total number of proliferating DG progenitors (labeled by BrdU incorporation and Ki67 staining) was reduced by ∼50%, but the percentage of these cells was similar to the percentages in littermate controls. These findings suggest that 1) the postnatal reduction in DG size is due predominantly to cell death, pointing to the importance of the IGF1R in regulating postnatal apoptosis, 2) surviving DG progenitors remain capable of proliferation despite reduced IGF1R expression, and 3) IGF1R signaling is necessary for normal embryonic brain development. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of regression techniques for mapping fog frequency: application to the Aragón region (northeast Spain)
Authors: Vicente‐Serrano S. M. , López‐Moreno J. I. , Vega‐Rodríguez M. I. , Beguería S. , Cuadrat José M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe compare different spatial interpolation techniques in mapping the monthly frequency of fogs in the Aragón region (northeast Spain). The local and spatially complex nature of the fogs makes them more difficult to map than other climatic variables such as precipitation and temperature. We found clear seasonal differences in the quality of the obtained maps. The localized nature of spring and summer fogs, mainly restricted to valley bottoms in mountainous areas, gives rise to several limitations. The modelling of fog frequency is more complex than that of other climate variables; to improve the model predictions, it is necessary to consider topographic variables that simulate the terrain structure. Moreover, the highly complex nature of the relationship between fog frequency and terrain means that simple linear models perform poorly in accounting for the role of geographic and topographic variables in determining the spatial distribution of fog frequency. The inclusion of non‐linear relationships between fog frequency and terrain variables in the models following a general additive model (GAM) procedure leads to an improvement in model performance because the flexibility of GAMs enables the inclusion of non‐linear relationships and the generation of response‐curve shapes that detail the exact relationship between the dependent variable and predictors throughout the entire range of the variable. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
The North American summer Arctic front during 1948–2007
Authors: Ladd Matthew J. , Gajewski Konrad 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBoundaries between air masses, frontal zones, are associated with vegetation boundaries. Using gridded climate reanalysis data, we analyse the air masses and frontal zones of North America in relation to the atmospheric circulation and vegetation productivity. The position of the July Arctic front varies significantly through the period 1948–2007, with a mean position similar to that found by Bryson (1966). The variability of the frontal position can be associated with changes in the general circulation; when the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) are positive (negative), the position of the July Arctic front is further north (south). There is also more spatial variability in the July Arctic frontal position in eastern versus western North America. The location of the frontal zone affects the vegetation through impacts on vegetative production; when the July Arctic front is north (south) of the mean position, the boreal forest and tundra vegetation is more (less) productive. Contrary to other studies that have identified changes in air mass frequency distributions and properties in several regions in response to global warming, we could not find clear evidence of significant changes in the position of the Arctic front in recent years. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Comparison of bone loss induced by ovariectomy and neurectomy in rats analyzed by in vivo micro‐CT
Authors: Brouwers Julienne E.M. , Lambers Floor M. , van Rietbergen Bert , Ito Keita , Huiskes Rik 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe hypothesized that osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency progresses faster than due to disuse and that at the same amount of bone loss, disuse leads to less favorable bone structure and mechanical properties than estrogen deficiency. Adult rats were either ovariectomized (OVX) (n = 9) or neurectomized (NX) (n = 8). At week 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, in vivo micro‐CT scans were made of the proximal tibia. Segmented CT‐scans at weeks 0 and 4 were used to build a 3D voxel‐based micro finite element model (FEM). Displacement in the longitudinal direction was prescribed at the proximal end leading to a compression step of 1%. The severe reduction in metaphyseal bone volume fraction was not significantly different between OVX and NX. Epiphyseal bone loss was less severe in both groups, and BV/TV was significantly lower after NX. Trabecular separation and degree of anisotropy in the metaphysis and connectivity and trabecular number in the epiphysis were significantly more deteriorated after NX. FEM‐derived stiffness decreased in both groups, but more after NX. Osteoporosis due to estrogen‐deficiency progressed overall at a rate similar to osteoporosis due to disuse. At the same amount of induced bone loss, disuse led to more deteriorated bone structure and mechanical properties than estrogen deficiency. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1521–1527, 2009
Crystalline Structure and Ferroelectric Response of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Organically Modified Silicate Thin Films Prepared by Heat Controlled Spin Coating
Authors: Ramasundaram Subramaniyan , Yoon Sun , Kim Kap Jin , Lee Jong Soon , Park Cheolmin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUltra‐thin films of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its organically modified silicate (OMS) nanocomposites were prepared by heat‐controlled spin coating and characterized using FTIR‐GIRAS, AFM, DC‐EFM, and P–E measurements. Incorporation of OMS, Lucentite STN into the PVDF matrix favored the preferential formation of β‐phase in nanoscale thin films, irrespective of preparation temperature. The PVDF–OMS nanocomposite films have a little higher degree of orientation of molecular chains along the ITO substrate surface than that of the neat PVDF film. This gave the PVDF–OMS nanocomposite higher remanent polarization and better contrast in a DC‐EFM phase image. Unlike the thick PVDF–OMS nanocomposites films showing only α‐crystalline phase after quenching and slow cooling from the melt, the nanoscale thin PVDF–OMS films showed a mixture of β‐ and γ‐crystalline phases without any trace of α‐crystalline phase.magnified image