bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH VARIASI PERSENTASE GULA TETES (MOLASSES) DALAM CAMPURAN PASIR CETAK GREENSAND TERHADAP KUANTITAS CACAT GAS HOLE LOGAM ALUMINIUM ADC 12
Authors: Ali Ghufron Hanif , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto 
Published: April 2024

Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk mengetehui pengaruh tiap variasi persentase gula tetes dalam pasir cetak greensand terhadap cacat gas hole pada permukaan aluminium ADC 12. Pengecoran logam alumunium merupakan suatu proses pembuatan benda yang dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan mulai dari pembuatan pola, cetakan, proses peleburan, menuang, membongkar dan membersihkan coran. Benda-benda logam yang berbentuk rumit baik logam ferro maupun non ferro mulai dari berukuran kecil sampai besar dapat dibuat melalui proses pengecoran karena mudah dalam pengerjaannya. Metode pengecoran yang digunakan adalah metode konvensional grafity casting. Media pembuatan benda pengecoran logam menggunakan pasir cetak greensand dan penambahan bahan lain seperti molasses.
Gula tetes adalah produk sisa pada proses pembuatan gula. Molasses ini berguna untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemakaian ulang pasir cetak. Kebasahan cetakan pasir akan meningkat jika gula tetes yang digunakan berlebihan dan menimbulkan cacat gas hole. Pengujian Moisture test akan dilakukan untuk menghasilkan data kadar air yang terdapat dalam pasir cetak. Cacat gas hole yang timbul akan diidentifikasi dan diteliti dengan pengujian Non destructive test menggunakan dye penetrant sehingga mendapatkan jumlah cacat gas yang ditimbulkan.

Kata Kunci: Aluminium ADC12, Pasir Cetak Greensand, Gula Tetes, Cacat Gas Hole, Moisture test, Non Destructive Test, Dye Penetrant
INVESTIGASI KEKUATAN TARIK DAN KOMPOSISI BESI COR KELABU FC 25 DENGAN PENAMBAHAN KROM 1%
Authors: Al Hassany Ibnu Rosyid , Yoso Sumeru , Al Ridwan Muhammad Nasir 
Published: April 2024

Pengecoran logam merupakan teknologi pembuatan produk dengan mengubah fasa padat menjadi cair di dalam tungku pemanas selanjutnya dituangkan dalam cetakan. Salah satu material yang sering dilakukan proses manufaktur pembentukan dengan pengecoran adalah besi cor kelabu. Dalam salah satu aplikasinya, besi cor kelabu digunakn sebagai bahan baku tromol rem. Dalam penggunaannya, beban dinamis terjadi pada tromol rem dan tidak sedikit pula beban tersebut menyebabkan tromol rem mudah rusak. Sebagai solusi, paduan besi cor perlu dimodifikasi dengan penambahan beberapa unsur untuk meningkatkan kekuatan mekaniknya. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengetahui pengaruh penambahan unsur krom sebesar 1 % pada besi cor FC 25 terhadap kekuatan tarik dan komposisinya. Spesimen dicor sesuai standar JIS G5501, kemudian dilakukan pemesinan untuk membuat specimen uji tarik sesuai standar JIS Z2201. Pengujian yang dialkukan ialah uji komposisi kimia dan kekuatan tarik. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, komposisi kimia FC 25 setelah penambahan krom 1% sesuai dengan standar komposisi kimia FC 25 murni. Lebih dari itu penambahan krom 1 % meningkatkan kuat tarik FC 25 sebesar 31,5%.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN STARCH TAPIOKA SEBAGAI ADITIF PADA PASIR CETAK GREENSAND
Authors: Hariningsih Hariningsih , Aditya Priandana Dimas , Awaludin Muhammad 
Published: April 2024

Kualitas pasir cetak adalah salah satu faktor terpenting dalam menghasilkan coran berkualitas tinggi. Greensand merupakan salah satu metode pasir cetak yang sering digunakan di industri pengecoran logam. Salah satu metode untuk meningkatkan kualitas greensand yaitu dengan penambahan starch tapioka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan starch tapioka sebagai aditif pada pasir cetak greensand, serta mendapatkan persentase penggunaan starch yang tepat untuk mencapai karakteristik yang optimal dan memenuhi standar. Komposisi utama pasir cetak greensand yang digunakan yaitu pasir silika baru, 10% bentonit, dan 3%. Starch ditambahkan pada pasir cetak greensand dengan variasi 0%, 0,5%, 1% dan 1,5%. Pengujian pasir cetak yang dilakukan meliputi uji moisture, permeability, compactability, green compression strength (GCS), dry compressive strength (DCS), dan wet tensile strength (WTS). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan semakin banyak starch tapioka yang ditambahkan dengan komposisi air yang tetap, menyebabkan nilai compactibility dan moisture menurun sehingga mengakibatkan permeability, GCS, DCS dan WTS juga menurun. Semakin banyak starch tapioka yang ditambahkan dengan komposisi air yang meningkat dan nilai compactibility yang tetap mengakibatkan moisture, DCS, dan WTS meningkat tetapi permeability dan GCS menurun. Penambahan starch 0,5% dengan air 3% menghasilkan nilai GCS dan WTS yang paling optimal yaitu GCS sebesar 8,6 N/cm² dan WTS sebesar 0,224 N/cm². Penggunaan starch tapioka sangat mempengaruhi moisture dan compactibility, dengan kata lain starch tapioka secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi GCS, DCS, dan WTS.
Kata kunci: starch tapioka, aditif, greensand, moisture, compactibility
PENGARUH METODE INOKULASI TERHADAP KOMPOSISI DAN KEKERASAN BESI COR KELABU
Authors: Sutiyoko  , Syamsudin Arif , Zaky AlJufry Muhammad 
Published: April 2024

Pengecoran besi cor kelabu membutuhkan proses inokulasi untuk lebih banyak membentuk grafit pada benda cor. Grafit yang terbentuk akan berpengaruh pada sifat mekanik benda cor baik kekuatan tarik, kekerasan, dan lainnya. Proses inokulasi dapat dilakukan di tanur peleburan atau di ladel penampung cairan logam. Cara penambahan inokulan ke dalam cairan juga dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa metode. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh metode inokulasi pada proses pengecoran besi cor kelabu terhadap komposisi kimia dan kekerasan benda cor. Metode inokulasi dilakukan dengan tiga cara yakni inokulan dibungkus, dicurah, dan campuran sebagian dibungkus serta sebagian dicurah. Pengamatan hasil pada benda cor meliputi komposisi kimia yang terjadi dan kekerasan yang diperoleh. Pengecoran besi cor kelabu FC 250 dilakukan penuangan ke cetakan pada suhu 1434 ºС dengan menggunakan cetakan green sand. Hasil uji komposisi menunjukkan kadar karbon besi cor pada inokulasi dengan inokulan dibungkus sebesar 2,40 % atau 0,01% lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan yang dicurah dan campuran antara curah dan bungkus. Kekerasan Brinel pada besi cor dengan metode inokulan dibungkus sebesar 2,32 % atau 0,05 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan metode inokulasi dengan dicurah dan campuran antara curah serta bungkus. Kekerasan Brinell benda cor yang dibuat dengan cara inokulan dibungkus, dicurah, dan campuran antara bungkus dan curah berturut-turut sebesar 217, 229, 223 HB. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa karbon yang berubah menjadi grafit dan silikon yang membantu proses penggrafitan akan mendorong penurunan kekerasan benda cor.
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI KOKAS TERHADAP KEKERASAN DAN KOMPOSISI KIMIA PRODUK SUGAR MILL ROLL DENGAN MATERIAL FC 250
Authors: Ridwan Afandi  , Asy-Syahiid Syauqii 
Published: April 2024

Sugar Mill Roll merupakan komponen yang digunakan untuk menggiling tebu untuk diambil saripatinya. Produk ini dibuat dengan spesifikasi material FC 250 dengan pembuatan cetakan menggunakan metode Furan Process sedangkan untuk peleburannya menggunakan tanur kupola yang menggunakan kokas sebagai bahan utamanya. Meletusnya krisis Rusia-Ukraina menyebabkan kenaikan harga komoditas seperti minyak, gas, dan pangan, termasuk juga harga kokas yang diimpor dari Rusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan penggunaan kokas impor (variabel 1) dan kokas campuran (variabel 2) terhadap komposisi kimia, metalografi dan kekerasan pada produk sugar mill roll. Perbandingan dari 2 variabel kokas yang digunakan dilakukan dengan 2 kali peleburan tanur kupola yang berbeda. Variabel 1 yaitu peleburan tanur kupola menggunakan 100% kokas impor, variabel 2 yaitu peleburan tanur kupola dengan menggunakan 25% kokas impor dan 75% kokas lokal. Hasil peleburan kemudian diambil sampelnya untuk dilakukan pengujian komposisi, pengujian kekerasan dan pengujian metalografi. Nilai rata-rata kekerasan sampel uji dengan kokas variabel 1 adalah 207 HB sedangkan kokas variabel 2 yaitu 193 HB. Berdasarkan standar JIS G5501, FC 250 memiliki range nilai kekerasan 180-240 HB, yang berarti nilai rata-rata kekerasan kedua variabel kokas masuk ke dalam spesifikasi. Grafit dominan pada sampel benda uji dengan kokas variabel 2 dominan pada grafit pendek dengan persentase 69,62% sedangkan pada sampel benda dari kokas variabel 1 memiliki grafit pendek sebesar 42,85%. Fasa dominan yang terbentuk adalah fasa perlit, dengan persentasi perlit 88% untuk kokas variabel 1 dan 82,75% untuk kokas variabel 2.
In Vitro Evaluation of Biocompatibility of Two Dental Alloys on Stem Cells from Apical Papilla – a Comparative Study
Authors: Dencheva Marya , Lyapina Maya 
Published: April 2024

In the present study we performed a comparative in vitro evaluation of biocompatibility of two nickel-containing dental alloys produced by two different methods – conventional and powder metallurgy. Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) were isolated, cultured and incubated in 6% solution of alloys powders in DMSO for 48 hours and further examined for apoptosis, proliferation and cellular metabolism. Our findings suggest that the alloys produced by the traditional method (Crystalloy N) release more electrically charged products of electrochemical corrosion, resulting in increased ROS production in SCAPs, increased percentage of apoptoic cells, decreased proliferative potential and tend to increase antioxidant enzymatic defence. No allergic pro-inflammatory effect of the metal alloys on stem cell cultures was confirmed.
Graph-based Tracing of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer by a Ceilometer: A Case Study
Authors: Danchovski Ventsislav 
Published: April 2024

The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is an important factor in the atmospheric processes. It serves as an intermediary between the earth's surface and the atmosphere in the exchange of mass, energy, and momentum. ABL height (ABLH) also restricts the dispersion volume of atmospheric pollutants. The ABLH can be retrieved from lidar and ceilometer (low power lidar) backscatter profiles by tracing the increased aerosol loading associated with ABL. Numerous lidar-based algorithms are currently implemented, but their ability to trace ABL evolution is often limited. The main issues are related to the selection of the correct layer when multiple aerosol layers are present. To overcome the problem, we employ a graph-based approach to post-process already identified ABL candidates (determined by the gradient in ceilometer backscatter) in two cases. A simple non-parametric smoothing method was also utilized for comparison. Our findings indicate that the graph-based algorithm is superior to the smoothing method in obtaining a consistent tracing of the diurnal evolution of ABL over Sofia, although some issues were also encountered during the evening ABL transition.
Phase Analysis, Microhardness and Wear Resistance of Selective Plated Copper-Based Coatings Containing Silver Particles
Authors: Yankova Radostina , Veselinov Deyan , Skulev Hristo , Koeva Veneta 
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the composition and properties of copper-based selective electrochemical coatings containing silver particles deposited on 316L stainless steel substrates. The method of formation of the coatings, using acid and alkaline electrolyte solutions, is described. A comparative analysis of the obtained coatings with selective copper coatings without added particles was carried out. An X-ray structural analysis was performed to determine the phase composition. Mechanical properties such as microhardness, surface roughness and wear resistance were investigated. The results show that the coatings are continuous, without visible defects, and the particles are deposited in depth as well. In both types of copper coatings with added silver particles, a dominant Cu phase and the presence of Ag were registered. It was established that the type of oxides formed in the deposition process is an important factor determining the microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings. The conclusions drawn confirm the effectiveness of the selective electrochemical deposition method for obtaining copper-based coatings containing silver particles and determine their characteristic mechanical properties.
Spline Plotting Method to Visualize Climate Change of Heating and Cooling Degree-Days in North Carolina
Authors: Edgell Dennis J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Degree-days are variables utilized for the planning, estimation and assessment of heating requirements and cooling demands of building interiors. Heating Degree-Days (HDD) are the number of degrees that a day's mean temperature is below 65° Fahrenheit (18° Celsius). Cooling Degree-Days (CDD) are the number of degrees that a day's mean temperature is above 65° Fahrenheit (18° Celsius). Long and short term climate changes have the potential to change heating and cooling. Original data were NOAA Climate Division areal averages for monthly total HDD and monthly total CDD. Raw data were downloaded from a NOAA online database. Univariate statistics for all eight North Carolina climate divisions were calculated. The time series of annual total HDDs and CDDs is complete from 1895 to 2017. A spline routine was fit through the series in order to best visualize trends. Results indicate that annual total HDD and CDD have changed over time, but the time series relationships are not linear. The most recent decades show that annual CDDs are rapidly increasing, while HDDs steadily decline. Energy demands for summer cooling will not be offset by decreased energy demands in winter.
From London Bridge to the Finsbury Park Mosque
Authors: Lobanov Nikita 
Published: April 2024

The former Twitter (now called ‘X’) is a social media platform characterized by an intense exchange of posts by users on political themes. These posts can indicate the evolution of a social phenomenon around a pivotal event. The overarching theme of this paper is to observe and examine the posts of Twitter users following the London Bridge terror attack on June 3rd, 2017, and following another attack against the Finsbury Park Mosque on June 19th of the same month. By means of a content analysis of a robust database of posts collected from the Twitter platform I was able to observe the reactions of radical right users during the attacks and reflect upon how hate was played out in terms of language and emotions. Despite the inevitable violence of these attacks, I detected the presence of humour in tweets as well as remarks that were predictably characterized by both physical and moral disgust. All tweets examined displayed at least one of Haidt’s Moral Foundations. My hypothesis is that humour too is a moral phenomenon which can exaggerate human behaviour.
Deadly Drawing
Authors: Michiels Steve 
Published: April 2024

This article, consisting of 31 illustrations with annotation, presents the result of an artistic research project revolving around the question of how to use one’s power as a creator of humour. The reader/viewer is presented with insight into the life and thinking of cartoonist/artistic researcher Self-reflexive Steve, who engages in self-investigation because he is conscious of the virtues as well as the dangers of humour. In a globalised, diverse, and democratic world, it is important to consider different sensibilities within society. Self-reflexive Steve always regarded humour as a form of connecting communication, because when people are able to laugh together, they understand each other. However, Self-reflexive Steve increasingly wonders whether he has achieved his set targets, as he primarily acts for a captive audience and creates his humorous drawings from a safe stand-off in his ivory tower. His publications are always endorsed by the editorials of the magazines he is working for and this within a society where humour makers are protected and esteemed. However, in today’s society humour is frequently used to divide. As a cartoonist/researcher, Self-reflexive Steve explores the limits of his medium, deliberately going off the rails at times. As a humour maker he seeks to reclaim the right to use fantasy, lies, distortions, exaggerations and wild associations from those in power who deploy these qualities of humour to divide and rule.
Microbial communities of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. and the correlations between microbial community and the active secondary metabolites
Authors: Qin Xiaolu , Pu Han , Fang Xilin , Shang Qianqian , Li Jianhua , Zhao Qiaozhu , Wang Xiaorui , Gu Wei 
Published: April 2024

Background
Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. is a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, great differences exist in the content of active secondary metabolites in various parts of S. sphenanthera. Do microorganisms critically influence the accumulation of active components in different parts of S. sphenanthera?

Methods
In this study, 16S/ITS amplicon sequencing analysis was applied to unravel microbial communities in rhizospheric soil and different parts of wild S. sphenanthera. At the same time, the active secondary metabolites in different parts were detected, and the correlation between the secondary metabolites and microorganisms was analyzed.

Results
The major components identified in the essential oils were sesquiterpene and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The contents of essential oil components in fruit were much higher than that in stem and leaf, and the dominant essential oil components were different in these parts. The dominant components of the three parts were γ-muurolene, δ-cadinol, and trans farnesol (stem); α-cadinol and neoisolongifolene-8-ol (leaf); isosapathulenol, α-santalol, cedrenol, and longiverbenone (fruit). The microbial amplicon sequences were taxonomically grouped into eight (bacteria) and seven (fungi) different phyla. Community diversity and composition analyses showed that different parts of S. sphenanthera had similar and unique microbial communities, and functional prediction analysis showed that the main functions of microorganisms were related to metabolism. Moreover, the accumulation of secondary metabolites in S. sphenanthera was closely related to the microbial community composition, especially bacteria. In endophytic bacteria, Staphylococcus and Hypomicrobium had negative effects on five secondary metabolites, among which γ-muurolene and trans farnesol were the dominant components in the stem. That is, the dominant components in stems were greatly affected by microorganisms. Our results provided a new opportunity to further understand the effects of microorganisms on the active secondary metabolites and provided a basis for further research on the sustainable utilization of S. sphenanthera.
Foraging ecology of eucalypt forest and woodland birds in the Great Western Woodland I: Small insectivores
Authors: Recher Harry F. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Australian warblers (Acanthizidae) and pardalotes (Pardalotidae) are abundant keystone species in Australia. Collectively they help regulate arthropod populations and dampen outbreaks of phytophagous insects. Their conservation in the face of habitat degradation and climate change is essential for the retention of healthy forest ecosystems and biodiversity. Information at the level of detail required for effective conservation management is missing for most Australian birds, including warblers and pardalotes. It is unlikely the data needed for the conservation of these species will be obtained in time to prevent further losses of avian biodiversity. However, it is important to try. This paper describes the foraging behaviour during spring of seven species of Australian warblers and pardalotes (small insectivores) in the Great Western Woodland, Western Australia and expands our knowledge of the ecology of these birds. As reported for small insectivores elsewhere in the world, species differed in prey-attack behaviours, foraging substrates, plant species used for foraging, foraging heights, and habitats. These data are used to explain why, without changes in how Australia approaches the preservation of biodiversity, abundant birds, such as Australian warblers and pardalotes will decline towards extinction.
Bioaccumulation and Depuration Dynamics of Nickel Chloride in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed to Sub-lethal Concentrations
Authors: Sheethal K.U. , Nadoor Prakash , Somashekara S. R. , Suryawanshi U.A. , Shelke S. T. , Pathan J. G. K. 
Published: April 2024

The current objective of this research is to examine the bioaccumulation and subsequent depuration levels of nickel chloride within vital organs such as the gills, liver, and kidney of Oreochromis niloticus under controlled laboratory conditions. The fish were subjected to exposure under two sub-lethal concentrations, i.e., 1/5th (9.39 ppm) and 1/10th (4.69 ppm), for 28 days of absorption and subsequently transferred to uncontaminated, good aerated water for 28days of elimination (depuration). Following 28 days of exposure to lower sub-lethal and higher sub-lethal nickel chloride concentrations, the sequence of bioaccumulation of nickel chloride in organs was observed as kidney > liver > gills. The depuration trend for higher and lower concentrations was gills> liver > kidney. The kidney exhibited the highest accumulation of Ni. Meanwhile, the Ni depuration in the gills was significantly (p<0.05) more when compared to other routes following exposure to both concentrations.
This research assessed nickel chloride's bioaccumulation and depuration dynamics in Oreochromis niloticus, providing insights into its physiological responses to metal exposure. The study concludes that nickel accumulates predominantly in the kidney, with gills exhibiting the highest depuration rates, highlighting the importance of understanding metal uptake and elimination mechanisms in aquatic organisms for effective pollution management.
Growth and Flowering of Lilium (Lilium longiflorum) cv. Eremo as Affected by CCC and GA3 under Naturally Ventilated Polyhouse Conditions of Prayagraj
Authors: Sankar Vibin , Bahadur Vijay , Fatmi Urfi 
Published: April 2024

The present investigation was carried out under naturally ventilated polyhouse conditions, Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj, during November, 2023 to March, 2024. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. There were nine treatments comprising of Cycocel (CCC) and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) at different concentrations viz., GA3 (100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) and CCC (100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) along with Water spray. The results revealed foliar application of 300 ppm GA3 for Lilium significantly enhanced the number of leaves (71.83), plant height (76.47 cm), plant spread (15.44 cm), leaf area (9.73 cm2),number of buds (3.40),at 300 ppm of GA3 it takes lesser days taken for bud initiation(40.40),and also less days taken for first flower opening from planting (68.53), flower bud length (8.83 cm), flower stalk length (12.43 cm), stalk length (78.10 cm), self-life (12.97 days),flower yield per plant (3.40) and flower yield for 250 m2(6296.29) . Among the different treatments, the highest Gross return is 188888.7 Rs/250 m2, Net return is 120870.75 Rs/250 m2 and Benefit cost ratio is 2.77, obtained by the application of 300 ppm of GA3.Whereas in terms of only Bulb parameters, foliar application of 200 ppm of CCC for Lilium reported maximum number of bulblets per plant (4.11) and gives maximum weight of bulb per plant (74.07g).