bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular basis for therapy resistance
Authors: Lønning Per E. 
Published: April 2010

Chemoresistance remains the main reason for therapeutic failure in breast cancer as well as most other solid tumours. While gene expression profiles related to prognosis have been developed, so far use of such signatures as well as single markers has been of limited value predicting drug resistance. Novel technologies, in particular with regard to high through‐put sequencing holds great promises for future identification of the key “driver” mechanisms guiding chemosensitivity versus resistance in breast cancer as well as other malignant conditions.
Influence of an iron intervention on the zinc status of young adult New Zealand women with mild iron deficiency
Authors: Prosser Nicolas R. , Heath Anne-Louise M. , Williams Sheila M. , Gibson Rosalind S. 
Published: April 2010

Interventions to combat mild Fe deficiency in women of childbearing age may affect Zn nutriture. We used dietary and laboratory indices to assess change in Zn status during a 4-month partially blinded placebo-controlled Fe intervention in women with low Fe stores (serum ferritin < 20 μg/l and Hb ≥ 120 g/l) from Dunedin, New Zealand. Subjects aged 18–40 years were randomly assigned to three groups: dietary advice (diet group; DG;n29), daily Fe supplement with meals (supplement group; SG;n23; 50 mg Fe as amino acid chelate) and placebo (placebo group; PG,n26). A validated semi-quantitative FFQ (SFFQ) was administered at baseline, and at 4, 8 and 15 weeks; fasting morning blood samples were assayed for serum Zn, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and C-reactive protein at baseline, and at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks; hair Zn and taste detection thresholds by electrogustometry were measured at baseline and at 16 weeks. Intakes of flesh foods and vitamin C but not Zn or Fe increased, whereas phytate and phytate:Zn molar ratios decreased (allP ≤ 0·01) in the DG compared with the PG and SG, based on three SFFQ. Serum Zn increased in both the DG and PG (adjusted,P ≤ 0·002), so the between-group difference was not significant; the lack of a parallel rise in the SG was significant when compared with the PG (P = 0·02). ALP activity (but not hair Zn or taste acuity) followed a similar trend. In conclusion, Zn status was not improved compared with placebo by an Fe-based dietary intervention. However, a daily moderate-dose Fe supplement with meals appeared to lower Zn status in these young adult women.
Creativity on demand: Historical approaches and future trends
Authors: Puccio Gerard J. , Cabra John F. , Fox J. Michael , Cahen Helene 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper provides a brief introduction to the field of creativity studies. After more than 60 years of scientific study, there is much that has been learned about how to teach and facilitate creative thinking. We review some of the well-known methods for fostering creativity on demand, as well as the research that has explored the efficacy of these approaches.
Modeling the interplay of multilevel risk factors for future academic and behavior problems: A person-centered approach
Authors: Lanza Stephanie T. , Rhoades Brittany L. , Nix Robert L. , Greenberg Mark T. ,   The Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study identified profiles of 13 risk factors across child, family, school, and neighborhood domains in a diverse sample of children in kindergarten from four US locations (n= 750; 45% minority). It then examined the relation of those early risk profiles to externalizing problems, school failure, and low academic achievement in Grade 5. A person-centered approach, latent class analysis, revealed four unique risk profiles, which varied considerably across urban African American, urban White, and rural White children. Profiles characterized by several risks that cut across multiple domains conferred the highest risk for negative outcomes. Compared to a variable-centered approach, such as a cumulative risk index, these findings provide a more nuanced understanding of the early precursors to negative outcomes. For example, results suggested that urban children in single-parent homes that have few other risk factors (i.e., show at least average parenting warmth and consistency and report relatively low stress and high social support) are at quite low risk for externalizing problems, but at relatively high risk for poor grades and low academic achievement. These findings provide important information for refining and targeting preventive interventions to groups of children who share particular constellations of risk factors.
Personal-accentuation and contextual-amplification models of pubertal timing: Predicting youth depression
Authors: Rudolph Karen D. , Troop-Gordon Wendy 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis research examined personal-accentuation and contextual-amplification models of pubertal timing, wherein personal and contextual risks magnify the effects of earlier pubertal maturation on youth depression. A sample of 167 youths (Mage = 12.41 years,SD= 1.19) and their maternal caregivers completed semistructured interviews and questionnaires at two waves. Consistent with a personal-accentuation model, earlier pubertal maturation more strongly predicted subsequent depression in youths with prior depression, certain personality traits, and maladaptive stress responses than in youths without these personal risks. Several of these effects were specific to earlier-maturing girls. Consistent with a contextual-amplification model, earlier pubertal maturation more strongly predicted subsequent depression in youths exposed to recent maternal depression and family stress than in youths without these contextual risks. These findings identify key characteristics of youths and their family context that help to explain individual variation in depressive reactions to earlier pubertal maturation. More broadly, this research contributes to integrative models of depression that consider the interplay among personal vulnerability, contextual risk, and developmental transitions.
Spatial overlap between foraging seabirds and trawl fisheries: implications for the effectiveness of a marine protected area at Golfo San Jorge, Argentina
Authors: YORIO PABLO , QUINTANA FLAVIO , DELL’ARCIPRETE PATRICIA , GONZÁLEZ-ZEVALLOS DIEGO 
Published: April 2010

SummaryAssessing human activities and understanding their interaction with seabirds constitute important steps in the development of adequate conservation planning schemes. We evaluated the spatial use of the marine environment by foraging Magellanic PenguinsSpheniscus magellanicusand Imperial CormorantsPhalacrocorax atricepsbreeding at a newly designated marine park in Golfo San Jorge, Argentina, to assess the potential spatial conflict between these seabirds and commercial hake and shrimp trawl fisheries. GPS loggers were deployed on 45 adults of both species during the 2006 and 2007 breeding seasons. Distribution of hauls made by hake and shrimp trawlers was obtained from the On-board Observer Program of Chubut Province. Penguin foraging range varied between 25.8 and 120.1 km while cormorant foraging range varied between 1.5 and 68.2 km. Distances travelled to fishing grounds were short for both species (< 4.43 km) and, depending on the season, they spent a significant part of their time at sea within waters used by both fisheries (penguins: 17.9–66.2%; cormorants: 46.0–89.0%). In both years, foraging Magellanic Penguins and Imperial Cormorants showed a clear overlap with operating vessels. The observed foraging patterns of penguins and cormorants suggest a high probability of spatial conflict. Moreover, incidental mortality was regularly recorded in both fisheries, at rates that varied between 0.02 and 0.34 individuals per haul depending on species and fishery. Although one of the goals of the new marine park is the protection of Magellanic Penguin and Imperial Cormorant populations, the defined boundaries do not appear to be adequate for their effective protection. Results suggest the need to re-evaluate the spatial design of the park and/or the definition of management actions in waters outside the park to minimise negative effects on penguins and cormorants.
AGU Position Statement: Geoengineering the Climate System: Statement adopted by Council 13 December 2009 Adopted from the statement written by the American Meteorological Society and adopted by the AMS Council on 20 July 2009
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2010

Human responsibility for most of the well‐documented increase in global average temperatures over the last half century is well established. Further greenhouse gas emissions, particularly of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, will almost certainly contribute to additional widespread climate changes that can be expected to cause major negative consequences for most nations.1Three proactive strategies could reduce the risks of climate change: 1) mitigation: reducing emissions; 2) adaptation: moderating climate impacts by increasing our capacity to cope with them; and 3) geoengineering: deliberately manipulating physical, chemical, or biological aspects of the Earth system.2 This policy statement focuses on large‐scale efforts to geoengineer the climate system to counteract the consequences of increasing greenhouse gas emissions.
Visualizing protein interactions involved in the formation of the 42S RNP storage particle of Xenopus oocytes
Authors: Schneider Hannah , Dabauvalle Marie‐Christine , Wilken Norbert , Scheer Ulrich 
Published: April 2010

Background information. During early phases of Xenopus oogenesis, 5S rRNA and tRNAs are stored in the cytoplasm of young oocytes in the form of a common RNA—protein complex termed the 42S particle. These storage particles comprise two kinds of proteins with different RNA binding specificities. The tRNA‐binding protein 42Sp50 belongs to the EF1A (eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A) family of translation elongation factors, while 42Sp43 is a diverged form of the transcription factor TFIIIA (transcription factor IIIA) and binds 5S rRNA. Little is known about the mode of protein—protein interactions that stabilize the 42S particle.Results. We have determined the intracellular localization of the protein components of the 42S particle by expressing fluorescent protein‐tagged fusions in transparent previtellogenic oocytes. 42Sp50 and its isoforms (EF1A‐S and EF1A‐O) were excluded from the nuclei and distributed uniformly throughout the cytoplasm with no enrichment in the Balbiani bodies, as described earlier by immunocytochemistry. In contrast, 42Sp43 accumulated in the amplified nucleoli. However, when both proteins were simultaneously expressed, 42Sp43 was no longer present in the nucleoli but was retained, together with 42Sp50, in the cytoplasm, the most likely site of 42S particle assembly. In contrast, the somatic‐type EF1A isoforms were unable to redirect 42Sp43 from the nucleolar to the cytoplasmic compartment. We also tested for in vivo interactions using transiently transfected mammalian cells (COS‐7 cell line). In this heterologous cell system 42Sp43 remained bound to the nucleoli but, on co‐expression, induced the redistribution of 42Sp50 from the cytoplasm to the nucleoli.Conclusions. The microscopic approach described allows visualization of protein—protein interactions involved in the assembly of 42S storage particles. In particular, the transfection assay using COS‐7 cells provides a rapid screening test that should facilitate identification of critical residues and structural determinants that enable the proteins of the 42S storage particle to interact with each other and to establish distinct higher‐order RNP (ribonucleoprotein) complexes.
Supporting adolescents who have a sibling with a life‐threatening illness: An exploratory study
Authors: Burton Marcia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAims: This research explores issues encountered by adolescents who have a sibling with a life‐threatening illness, and those who work therapeutically with them. Method: Eight semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with participants who work therapeutically with this client group. Attention was given to the empathic quality of interviews. The interview sample included six females and two males, encompassing a wide demographic area within England and Wales. Five were counsellors and three had other professional trainings. Findings: Data was analysed using grounded theory. Results showed that the provision of family as well as individual therapeutic support for young people would ease stress for families and professionals alike, and that peer support was considered important. Implications for practice: The results of this research suggest that organisations working with families experiencing a life‐threatening illness would benefit from attending to the quality of support offered to their staff, as well as the families they work with.
A Single-Electron Reducing Quinone Oxidoreductase Is Necessary to Induce Haustorium Development in the Root Parasitic PlantTriphysaria
Authors: Bandaranayake Pradeepa C.G. , Filappova Tatiana , Tomilov Alexey , Tomilova Natalya B. , Jamison-McClung Denneal , Ngo Quy , Inoue Kentaro , Yoder John I. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractParasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae develop haustoria in response to contact with host roots or chemical haustoria-inducing factors. Experiments in this manuscript test the hypothesis that quinolic-inducing factors activate haustorium development via a signal mechanism initiated by redox cycling between quinone and hydroquinone states. Two cDNAs were previously isolated from roots of the parasitic plant Triphysaria versicolor that encode distinct quinone oxidoreductases. QR1 encodes a single-electron reducing NADPH quinone oxidoreductase similar to ζ-crystallin. The QR2 enzyme catalyzes two electron reductions typical of xenobiotic detoxification. QR1 and QR2 transcripts are upregulated in a primary response to chemical-inducing factors, but only QR1 was upregulated in response to host roots. RNA interference technology was used to reduce QR1 and QR2 transcripts in Triphysaria roots that were evaluated for their ability to form haustoria. There was a significant decrease in haustorium development in roots silenced for QR1 but not in roots silenced for QR2. The infrequent QR1 transgenic roots that did develop haustoria had levels of QR1 similar to those of nontransgenic roots. These experiments implicate QR1 as one of the earliest genes on the haustorium signal transduction pathway, encoding a quinone oxidoreductase necessary for the redox bioactivation of haustorial inducing factors.
The roles of plant phenolics in defence and communication during Agrobacterium and Rhizobium infection
Authors: BHATTACHARYA AMITA , SOOD PRIYANKA , CITOVSKY VITALY 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYPhenolics are aromatic benzene ring compounds with one or more hydroxyl groups produced by plants mainly for protection against stress. The functions of phenolic compounds in plant physiology and interactions with biotic and abiotic environments are difficult to overestimate. Phenolics play important roles in plant development, particularly in lignin and pigment biosynthesis. They also provide structural integrity and scaffolding support to plants. Importantly, phenolic phytoalexins, secreted by wounded or otherwise perturbed plants, repel or kill many microorganisms, and some pathogens can counteract or nullify these defences or even subvert them to their own advantage. In this review, we discuss the roles of phenolics in the interactions of plants with Agrobacterium and Rhizobium.
Temporal distribution of phytoplankton in Lake Nyamusingiri in the Albertine Rift Valley, Uganda
Authors: Nyakoojo Clement , Byarujali Stephen M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA study aimed at investigating the temporal variation of phytoplankton assemblages in Lake Nyamusingiri was carried out during the period of December 1997–May 1998. Uganda’s freshwaters are ecologically diverse but a few are intensively studied. Research on phytoplankton has been restricted to large water bodies. There is little information on phytoplankton of the western Uganda crater lakes, which are important water and biodiversity resources. This study provided baseline data on phytoplankton, which will serve as a basis for monitoring the effects of human activities on the lake that might result in ecological transformations like loss of biodiversity because of overexploitation. A laboratory thermometer and Winker’s method were used to determine temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration, respectively. Lake transparency was measured by using the Secchi disc. A Van Dorn sampler was used to collect water samples. Nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations were determined by using facilities at the Fisheries Resources Research Institute (FIRRI), Jinja. The Sedgwick‐Rafter counting chamber was used to analyse phytoplankton. Variation in temperature was small (25.4–26.2°C). Stable thermal stratification was not evident. The Secchi disc transparency was less than unity. The chlorophyll a value was high. Biomass was found to be light‐limited by nonalgal materials. Dissolved oxygen concentration was more than 100% in the surface waters but declined to <20% at the bottom, which reflected the eutrophic nature of the lake. Diversity indices were low. Eighteen species and five classes of phytoplankton were revealed by this study. The phytoplankton flora was dominated by chlorococcal green algae characteristic of the large eutrophic East African lakes.
Defining the population in need of thromboprophylaxis – making hospitals safer
Authors: Baglin Trevor 
Published: April 2010

SummaryVenous thromboembolism in adults is related to recent hospitalisation in approximately half of all cases and approximately half of all hospitalised adult patients are considered to be at risk by conventional criteria. Due to advances in surgical practice, the identification of surgical patients in need of prophylaxis has become less rather than more certain. Faster surgical technique, regional anaesthesia and early mobilisation are considered to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism and hence possibly obviate the need for prophylaxis after early discharge from hospital. An increasing proportion of patients with hospital‐acquired venous thromboembolism are medical patients, but the need to identify medical patients that require thromboprophylaxis is a new aspect of clinical practice for many physicians and prophylaxis remains under‐utilised in non‐surgical hospitalised patients. In this review prevention of hospital‐acquired venous thromboembolism is considered as a patient safety issue in the context of changing clinical practice. Strategies for refining and validating risk assessment models and evaluating the effect of risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis are suggested.
The needs and strengths of unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children and young people in Scotland
Authors: Hopkins Peter , Hill Malcolm 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTUnaccompanied asylum‐seeking children seeking refuge in safer parts of the world have a wide range of needs. This paper discusses the main needs of unaccompanied minors drawing upon the views of service providers who work with or for unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children and young people in Scotland, as well as the perspectives of unaccompanied minors themselves. The complexity of the children's needs is explored with a framework considering their process of resettlement, looking at the present first, the future next and the past last. We also explored the strengths and resilience of the unaccompanied children consulted.
Exploring the care effects of multiple factors on the educational achievement of children looked after at home and away from home: an investigation of two Scottish local authorities
Authors: McClung Michele , Gayle Vernon 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper reports the findings of a research project which explored the care factors that influence the educational achievement of looked‐after children. The project was innovative because it focused on children looked after at home and away from home. A mixed‐methods strategy was adopted to analyse data from two large Scottish local authorities. The project developed, what is to date, the largest dataset which includes variables for one‐fifth of children discharged from care in Scotland over a 5‐year period. The qualitative element of the project collected in‐depth data on the care and education experiences of looked‐after children and care leavers.The overall finding was that looked‐after children perform less well academically than their counterparts in the general school population. The empirical data indicated that factors such as placement type, reason for becoming looked after and age on becoming looked after were significant in determining educational achievement. Empirical results further indicated that looked‐after children suffered from discrimination and social exclusion in many areas of their lives, including school and where they lived.
Clinical and immunopathological evaluation of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Authors: Delgado L. , Aoki V. , Santi C. , Gabbi T. , Sotto M. , Maruta C. 
Published: April 2010

Summary
Background. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a subepidermal blistering disease with IgG antibodies against collagen VII. The disease is heterogeneous and can lead to significant morbidity.
Aim. To characterize the clinical and laboratory profile of patients with EBA from Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Methods. In total, 12 patients (mean age 24 years) were analysed for cutaneous and mucosal involvement, laboratory data and response to treatment.
Results. Mucosal involvement occurred in 11 of the 12 patients (eyes in 4/12, nose in 4/9, pharynx–larynx in 5/9 and oesophagus in 4/10; 3 patients did not undergo nasopharyngeal examination and 2 paediatric patients did not undergo endoscopy). Using direct immunofluorescence, different patterns of deposits were found at the basement membrane zone: IgG (12/12), IgA (6/12), IgM (4/12), C3 (11/12). Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) was positive in 6 of 12 patients, and IIF on salt-split skin detected dermal deposition in 10 of 12 patients. Antinuclear antibodies were found in 3 of 12 patients, but none of them fulfilled the criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. After treatment, total remission was achieved in three patients and partial remission in five (three were maintained on minimal treatment, one on the full treatment and one was able to come off treatment). Two patients were lost to follow-up and the remaining two had disease flares. Complications were mainly mucosal (oesophageal stenosis, laryngeal synechia, symblephara and trichiasis).
Conclusions. Mucosal involvement in EBA is a determining factor for disease morbidity. Complete evaluation of the patient, focusing on both cutaneous and extracutaneous sites is essential, as EBA may evolve to refractory disease, severely compromising its outcome.