bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflows of foreign technology, indigenous productivity, and international competitiveness
Authors: Li Ning 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of cross‐border diffusion of technology as a contributor to national economic performance at both aggregate and sectoral levels. Specifically, it aims to explore: the relationship between inflows of foreign technology and home country knowledge base; and the impact of international technology diffusion on indigenous productivity and international competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachValues of international trade in manufactured sectors as well as other data sources of economic and scientific performance are used to measure inflows of foreign technology, indigenous knowledge base, or international competitiveness at the aggregate and/or sectoral levels. This paper employs correlation and regression models for data analysis. Sectoral patterns are revealed based on various taxonomies for industrial systems.FindingsAt the aggregate level, it is found that there is a positive relationship between a nation's domestic knowledge base and inflows of foreign technology; and technology inflows, as well as home country knowledge base, significantly contribute to a nation's labor productivity (LP) and its international competitiveness. At the sectoral level, it is found that patterns of contribution from technology inflows to international competitiveness differ from industry to industry. There is a general trend of increase in the contributions from international technology inflows to a nation's international competitiveness over time and from lower to higher technology industries. However, for complex system technologies where tacit knowledge prevails, the diffusion of technology could be a significant challenge.Originality/valueEmpirical findings of this paper have significant public policy implications. National industrial policies should be sector‐specific to reflect the particular features of each industry. In the meantime, a proper balance must be kept between enhancing home country knowledge base and promoting inflows of foreign technology.
Basic concepts and disciplinary position of management
Authors: Chen Yue , Liu Zeyuan 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to recognize the concepts and disciplinary position of management, for faculty members in management circles, which can help them develop their academic career.Design/methodology/approachBased on review and clarification of domestic and international disciplinary concepts on management, this paper takes data from academic journals of international management as the sample, making use of the latest mapping knowledge domains method.FindingsReveals the disciplinary boundary of modern management and disciplinary position of general management as a basic discipline, demonstrates the relationship between management and other relevant disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, economics, mathematics, etc. shows the trend of ascending position of management in mankind's knowledge system as an independent discipline.Originality/valueThis paper identifies concepts and information in management sciences which will provide inspiration for management in China, to move forward to the international academic frontline.
International comparative analysis of building regulations: an analytical tool
Authors: van der Heijden Jeroen 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a tool for the international comparative analysis of regulatory regimes in the field of building regulation.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of a heuristic model drawn from regulatory literature, a typology of building regulatory regimes is introduced. Each type is illustrated with a number of real‐life examples from North America, Europe, and Australia.FindingsGovernments worldwide have introduced building regulatory regimes with a variety of designs. On an abstract level, these designs are shown to have a comparable pattern. This pattern is utilised to draw up a typology of regime‐designs that can be placed on a sliding scale, with a “pure public regime” at the one end and a “pure private regime” at the other. Intermediate regimes display characteristics of both.Originality/valueThe comparative analysis of different regimes assists policy makers by demonstrating which combinations of regulatory characteristics can provide the best results in particular instances. The typology introduced by the paper assists this process by providing a tool for systematic analysis of complex real‐life cases.
Housing and security in England and Wales: casualisation revisited
Authors: Morgan Jill 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use the notion of “casualisation” in an employment context to reflect on similar developments in England and Wales since 1996 which have combined to undermine security of tenure in the private and social rented sectors and exposed the vulnerability of owner occupiers who default on mortgage repayments.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on observations made by commentators in housing and social policy as well as official papers, statutes and cases.FindingsThe problems posed for the long‐term security of residential occupiers are highlighted and are shown to result from a combination of factors including the deregulation of the private rented sector, the dependency of housing association on their rental streams, governmental preoccupation with anti‐social behaviour in social housing and the principle that mortgage lenders have the right to possession of the mortgaged property.Originality/valueThe notion of casualisation is used as an analytical tool to assess changes in law and policy, and to suggest possibilities for reform.
Good practice for providing disabled people with reasonable access to the built environment
Authors: Prideaux Simon , Roulstone Alan 
Published: April 2009

PurposeBy comparing the legislative regimes in different states, this paper aims to provide a platform upon which an agenda of “good practice” can be formulated and initiated in relation to the provision of access to the built environment for disabled people.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilizes a desktop approach to examine the various regimes. Particular focus is placed upon the regimes in the European Union States of the UK, Malta, Ireland and France and these are contrasted with those in the non‐European states of Australia and the USA.FindingsThe paper shows how the UK, Malta and possibly Ireland have attempted to take a path of amicable cooperation and negotiation to establish the principle of “reasonable” adjustments to improve access to new and old buildings, whereas France and the USA have tended to adopt a prescriptive course of technical detail and legal compliance to enhance access. The paper also reveals how Australia follows an intermediate route of cooperation and human rights legislation to achieve the same goals.Practical implicationsThe paper places new insights into the public domain through the evaluation of the strengths and weakness of each approach.Originality/valueThis paper uniquely recognizes a number of mistakes that have to be avoided in future legislation and makes tangible recommendations on how to make further progress in the quest to make the built environment more accessible to disabled people.
A gender‐aware framework for women's entrepreneurship
Authors: Brush Candida G. , de Bruin Anne , Welter Friederike 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer a new gender‐aware framework to provide a springboard for furthering a holistic understanding of women's entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds on an existing framework articulating the “3Ms” (markets, money and management) required for entrepreneurs to launch and grow ventures. Drawing on institutional theory, it is argued that this “3M” framework needs further development and “motherhood” and “meso/macro environment” are added to extend and mediate the “3Ms” and construct a “5M” framework to enable the study of women's entrepreneurship in its own right.FindingsIt was found that “Motherhood” is a metaphor representing the household and family context of female entrepreneurs, which might have a larger impact on women than men. The meso/macro environment captures considerations beyond the market, such as expectations of society and cultural norms (macro), and intermediate structures and institutions (meso).Practical implicationsFor the women entrepreneur, this analysis has implications for understanding the sources of the challenges they face by providing insights on the importance of the interplay of both individual and societal factors that impact on their enterprise. For policy makers, it turns the spotlight on the need for an integrated approach for fostering female entrepreneurs that is not blind to overarching institutionalised social structures and gender asymmetries.Originality/valueThe framework helps lay a foundation for coherent research on women's entrepreneurship. It is unique in making explicit the social embeddedness of women entrepreneurs and considers the multiple levels of influence on their entrepreneurial actions.
Women entrepreneurs and venture capital: managing the shadow negotiation
Authors: Nelson Teresa , Maxfield Sylvia , Kolb Deborah 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to conceptually and empirically explore issues that explain why women entrepreneurs access only a small percentage of venture capital (VC) investment in the USA.Design/methodology/approachThe focus is on the situations women entrepreneurs face, and the strategies they adopt, to successfully fund their high‐growth businesses with venture funding. Rather than looking for answers at the individual level (men v women), the authors focus on the construct of gender and the way that the socially constructed business practices and processes of access to capital may appear neutral and natural but, in fact, may deliver differential consequences to women and men. When entrepreneurs and capital providers are interacting around the terms and particulars of a business venture, they are also participating in a less obvious conversation – an interaction that is call theShadow Negotiation. Through interviews with women who have been successful or are in the process of accessing VC for their businesses, patterns of women's awareness and strategic responses that illustrate this phenomenon are identified and their implications discussed.FindingsWomen are actors with agency, taking control over situations that may be stacked against them. The analysis suggests that women entrepreneurs vary in the degree to which they identify the gendered landscape they are navigating, and the level of attention and care that management of this landscape demands.Originality/valueThis study complements existing research, both theoretically and prescriptively.
Guru interview with Marsha Firestone
Authors: Wynn Kirsten 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an interview with Dr Marsha Firestone, Founder and President of the Women Presidents' Organization (WPO), to elicit her expert views on the support available to women entrepreneurs and the obstacles which are typically faced by businesswomen in start‐up enterprises and in a wider corporate context.Design/methodology/approachThe interview was conducted via telephone in June 2008 by Helen Evans, Assistant Publisher for the International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship.FindingsDr Firestone points to an aim towards economic security as the keystone of women‐led enterprises. She identifies the common trait of entrepreneurial women as the drive to succeed, often breaking the rules and coming up with better ways of doing things. Support for women entrepreneurs comes from role models and from associations such as the WPO who work to connect women entrepreneurs throughout the world. Dr Firestone criticizes some areas of the Media for their unrelenting focus on the work of women in leadership roles in corporations. The paper goes on to describe the WPO 2008 Conference and Dr Rebecca Henderson's workshop which won best workshop prize.Originality/valueMarsha Firestone is the Founder and the President of the WPO. Dr Firestone was previously Vice President of Women Incorporated and of Training and Counseling at the American Woman's Economic Development Corporation. She has published research on adult learning theory, nonverbal communication and managerial competency, appearing in both business and educational journals, and The Busy Woman's Guide to Successful Self‐employment, an interactive, easy to read resource. This interview is an opportunity to gain an insight into her expert views of the state of women's entrepreneurship.
Inaccuracy in traffic forecasts: lying or strategizing?
Authors: Dufour Yvon , Steane Peter , Wong Lawrence 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to look into the fate of a troubled initiative in Hong Kong that was developed in the midst of discussions between Beijing and London leading towards the 1997 handover. It sets out to shred new light on the “forecasting gap”: the gap between the anticipated level of traffic and the real volume of traffic in the years following the opening of a new infrastructure.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses primarily qualitative methods. The data collection process comprises three main activities: documentary search, observational and ethnographic material, and interviews. The general strategy of data presentation and analysis is to develop a descriptive framework for organizing the longitudinal case‐study.FindingsThe paper puts forward that there is little basis to the claim of Machiavellian practices in the Hong Kong container handling community. The analysis suggests that the gaps are residual of prolonged decision‐making processes featuring a diversity of stakeholders strategizing in pursuing their respective agenda.Originality/valueContextualist analysis of the “traffic forecasting gap” challenges the popular and widespread view that traffic forecasts are intentionally biased to serve the interests of the promoters.
Impact of cultural values on young consumers' choice of international tertiary education
Authors: Chung Kim‐Choy , Fam Kim‐Shyan , Holdsworth David K. 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the following choice issues among young consumers (Generation Y): how cultural values influence a student's decision on study destinations, and how cultural values influence student's preferred sources of information for university choice?Design/methodology/approachHigh school students from Singapore and Malaysia, intending to study in New Zealand were surveyed with an instrument based on Schwartz's Value Survey and the understanding that cultural values are a powerful force shaping consumers' motivations, lifestyles and product choices.FindingsThe results of this research suggests that cultural values have an impact on student's intended choice of international tertiary education and their preferred sources of information for university enrolment. The results have important implications for marketers of export education.Originality/valueThere are few studies which try to understand how cultural values influence a student's decision on study destinations and their preferred sources of information for university choice.
A relict in New Caledonia: phylogenetic relationships of the family Troglosironidae (Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi)
Authors: Sharma Prashant , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe species richness and endemism of New Caledonia are traditionally held to result from the main island’s Gondwanan origin and progressive diversification subsequent to extended isolation. Recent studies have challenged this hypothesis, promoting a scenario of recent origins and diversifications of New Caledonian arthropod groups. In the present study, the phylogeny of the endemic harvestman family Troglosironidae (Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi) is investigated using DNA sequence data from two nuclear ribosomal genes (18S rRNA and 28S rRNA) and two mitochondrial genes (the protein‐coding cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the ribosomal 16S rRNA). Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Troglosironidae and a scenario of an ancient (> 200 Ma) origin of the family, with subsequent diversification of extant lineages in the Eocene. These results corroborate the relictual nature of taxa among New Caledonia’s biota while being consistent with diversification in accordance with geological events in the Eocene.
Phylogenetic analysis of 73 060 taxa corroborates major eukaryotic groups
Authors: Goloboff Pablo A. , Catalano Santiago A. , Marcos Mirande J. , Szumik Claudia A. , Salvador Arias J. , Källersjö Mari , Farris James S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObtaining a well supported schema of phylogenetic relationships among the major groups of living organisms requires considering as much taxonomic diversity as possible, but the computational cost of calculating large phylogenies has so far been a major obstacle. We show here that the parsimony algorithms implemented in TNT can successfully process the largest phylogenetic data set ever analysed, consisting of molecular sequences and morphology for 73 060 eukaryotic taxa. The trees resulting from molecules alone display a high degree of congruence with the major taxonomic groups, with a small proportion of misplaced species; the combined data set retrieves these groups with even higher congruence. This shows that tree‐calculation algorithms effectively retrieve phylogenetic history for very large data sets, and at the same time provides strong corroboration for the major eukaryotic lineages long recognized by taxonomists.
External magnet improves antitumor effect of vinblastine and the suppression of metastasis
Authors: Dandamudi Suman , Patil Vishwesh , Fowle William , Khaw Ban‐An , Campbell Robert B. 
Published: April 2009

The use of magnetic drug targeting (MDT) to selectively deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to tumor cells is a widely investigated approach; however, the notion of targeting tumor endothelial cells by this method is a fairly new concept. Positively‐charged (cationic) liposomes have an extraordinarily high affinity for tumor vessels, but heterogeneous targeting is frequently observed. In order to improve on the overall efficiency of targeting tumor vessels, we investigated the use of an externally applied magnetic field together with magnetic cationic liposomes (MCLs) for cancer treatment. We examined the antitumor effect of the chemotherapeutic agent vinblastine loaded in MCLs, using a murine model of melanoma. Two hours following i.v. administration of MCLs, we observed significant tumor vascular uptake with use of an external magnet (15.9 ± 6.3%) compared to no magnet (5 ± 1.3%). The administration of vinblastine‐loaded MCLs with the magnet produced a significant antitumor effect, reducing the presence of tumor nodules in preferential sites of metastasis compared to untreated and free drug control groups. CD31 immunostaining revealed a decrease in the general length of tumor blood vessels, altered vascular morphology and interruptions in the tumor vascular lining for the vinblastine‐loaded MCL groups. Drug‐loaded MCLs with magnetic fields may represent a promising combination approach for cancer treatment. (Cancer Sci 2009)
Molecular diversity and gene expression of cotton ERF transcription factors reveal that group IXa members are responsive to jasmonate, ethylene and Xanthomonas
Authors: CHAMPION ANTONY , HEBRARD EUGENIE , PARRA BENOIT , BOURNAUD CAROLINE , MARMEY PHILIPPE , TRANCHANT CHRISTINE , NICOLE MICHEL 
Published: April 2009

SUMMARYSeveral ethylene‐response factor (ERF) transcription factors are believed to play a crucial role in the activation of plant defence responses, but little is known about the relationships between the diversity of this family and the functions of groups or individual ERFs in this process. In this study, 200 ERF genes from the unigene cotton database were identified. Conserved amino acid residues and phylogeny reconstruction using the AP2 conserved domain suggest that the classification into 10 major groups used for Arabidopsis and rice is applicable to the cotton ERF family. Based on in silico studies, we predict that group IX ERF genes in cotton are involved in jasmonate (JA), ethylene (ET) and pathogen responses. To test this hypothesis, we analysed the transcript profiles of the group IXa subfamily in the regulation of specific resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pathovar malvacearum. The expression of four members of group IXa was induced on challenge with X. campestris pv. malvacearum. Furthermore, the expression of several ERF genes of group IXa was induced synergistically by JA in combination with ET, suggesting that the encoded ERF proteins may play key roles in the integration of both signals to activate JA‐ and ET‐dependent responses.
An artificial chimeric derivative of Citrus viroid V involves the terminal left domain in pathogenicity
Authors: SERRA PEDRO , BANI HASHEMIAN SEYED MEHDI , PENSABENE‐BELLAVIA GIOVANNI , GAGO SELMA , DURAN‐VILA NÚRIA 
Published: April 2009

SUMMARYThe recently described Citrus viroid V (CVd‐V) induces, in Etrog citron, mild stunting and very small necrotic lesions and cracks, sometimes filled with gum. As Etrog citron plants co‐infected with Citrus dwarfing viroid (CDVd) and CVd‐V show synergistic interactions, these host–viroid combinations provide a convenient model to identify the pathogenicity determinant(s). The biological effects of replacing limited portions of the rod‐like structure of CVd‐V with the corresponding portions of CDVd are reported. Chimeric constructs were synthesized using a novel polymerase chain reaction‐based approach, much more flexible than those based on restriction enzymes used in previous studies. Of the seven chimeras (Ch) tested, only one (Ch5) proved to be infectious. Plants infected with Ch5 showed no symptoms and, although this novel chimera was able to replicate to relatively high titres in singly infected plants, it was rapidly displaced by either CVd‐V or CDVd in doubly infected plants. The results demonstrate that direct interaction(s) between structural elements in the viroid RNA (in this case, the terminal left domain) and as yet unidentified host factors play an important role in modulating viroid pathogenicity. This is the first pathogenic determinant mapped in species of the genus Apscaviroid.