bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elektronenstruktur und Solvatochromie von Betain B
Authors: Finkentey Johann‐Henrich , Zimmermann Herbert W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBetain B ist ein solvatochromer Farbstoff. In amphiprotonischen Solventien (H2O, Alkohole) wird die Absorption von B stark, in aprotonischen Solventien (DMF, DMSO, Pyridin) nur sehr schwach in Richtung kurzer Wellen verschoben. CHCl3 und CH2Cl2 nehmen eine Mittelstellung ein. — Das Absorptionsspektrum von B wurde in All‐Valenzelektronen‐CNDO‐Cl‐Näherung berechnet. Es steht mit dem experimentellen Spektrum von B in aprotonischen Lösungsmitteln in guter Übereinstimmung. An Hand der berechneten gross atomic populations des Grund‐ und des 1. angeregten Zustands wird der Lösungsmitteleffekt qualitativ diskutiert.
Coexistence Curves at Liquid‐Liquid Critical Points in the Presence of Isotope Exchange Reactions
Authors: Gansen P. , Janssen T. , Schön W. , Woermann D. , Schönert H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThermodynamic considerations for determining the number of components of mixtures with a miscibility gap in the presence of isotope exchange reactions are presented using the system isobutyric acid (COOH)/D2O as an example. — Systems of that kind are thermodynamically two component systems as long as one liquid phase exists. If two liquid phases coexist each phase separately is a three component system. The consequences of this analysis are studied by investigating the liquid/liquid coexistence curves of the systems isobutyric acid (COOD)/D2O and n‐butyric acid (COOH)/D2O.
On Relaxation Amplitudes in T‐jump Experiments in Micellar Solutions
Authors: Pakusch A. , Strey R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe concentration dependence of the relative amplitude of the slow relaxation process in micellar solutions is analysed, if the equilibrium is perturbed by a T‐jump, and the relaxation is detected by following the fluorescence of an indicator. The analysis yields the temperature dependence of the mean aggregation number of the micelles as well as a statement about the change of the reaction enthalpy for the incorporation of a monomer by an aggregate with aggregation number. The theory is applied to measurements on the system H2O‐NaDS‐NH4ANS.
Kinetic Depolarization in Aqueous Solutions of Alkylammonium Bromides
Authors: Kaatze Udo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe extrapolated static permittivity of aqueous solutions of tetraalkylammonium bromides and azoniaspiroalkane bromides is discussed with respect to the recently predicted kinetic polarization deficiency. The experimental data are found to be not inconsistent with the theory. The large ions manifest universal hydration characteristics of organic particles, if the effect of kinetic depolarization is taken into consideration. Charged as well as neutral hydrophobic solutes seem to promote the short range molecular interactions of the water around them.
Ganzheitliche Beurteilung von Verkehrsinfrastrukturprojekten
Authors: Baumgärtner Ulrich , Fischer Oliver , Jungwirth Jörg , Katz Casimir , Lederer Werner , Putz Alexander , Streit Walter , Willberg Uwe , Wüst Wolfgang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIm vorliegenden Beitrag werden grundlegende Aspekte für die ganzheitliche Beurteilung der Verkehrsinfrastruktur erläutert. Abgeleitet von allgemeinen Gesichtspunkten, Besonderheiten und Zielen werden Zeitpunkte und Möglichkeiten einer Bewertung sowie Aspekte zur Auschreibung und Vergabe erläutert. Zusätzlich wird ein Vergleich zu bestehenden Bewertungssystemen im Hochbau und deren Randbedingungen gezogen und ein Überblick über derzeit laufende Forschungsvorhaben gegeben.Abschließend werden besondere Fragestellungen bei der ganzheitlichen Beurteilung der Verkehrsinfrastruktur, z. B. Unschärfen im Betrachtungszeitraum, Bewertungsansätze für “Risiken für die lokale Umwelt” und ganzheitliche Bürgerbeteiligung in frühen Phasen mit Beispielen weiter ausgeführt.Holistic assessment of traffic infrastructure projectsIn the following paper basic aspects for a holistic assessment of traffic infrastructure projects are elucidated. Starting with general aspects, specific features and aims, the times and possibilities of a holistic assessment, as well as different aspects of an assessment concerning the placing are explained. In addition, a comparison between existing assessment systems in structural engineering and their boundary conditions is made. An overview of the current research projects follows.Special questions concerning the holistic assessment of traffic infrastructure, e.g. inexactness for a given period, assessment methods for “risks for the local environment”, and the holistic public participation, conclude this paper with examples.
1,7‐Octadiene‐Assisted Tandem Multicomponent Cross‐Enyne Metathesis (CEYM)‐Diels–Alder Reactions: A Useful Alternative to Mori’s Conditions
Authors: Fustero Santos , Bello Paula , Miró Javier , Simón Antonio , del Pozo Carlos 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe use of 1,7‐octadiene as an in situ source of ethylene led us to develop a novel multicomponent tandem cross‐enyne metathesis (CEYM)‐Diels–Alder reaction. The process can be considered a relay metathesis, in which the ethylene liberated in the ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) of 1,7‐octadiene initiates the tandem sequence. Aliphatic, aromatic, and fluorinated alkynes and several dienophiles are compatible with the process, which is particularly efficient with aromatic alkynes. This methodology constitutes a useful variant of Mori’s conditions in CEYM‐related reactions.
Facile Synthesis of an Ag2O–ZnO Nanohybrid and Its High Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Wu Ming , Yan Jun‐Min , Zhao Ming , Jiang Qing 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn Ag2O–ZnO nanohybrid is synthesized for the first time through a facile, basic coprecipitation‐assisted hydrothermal strategy. This novel method endows the Ag2O–ZnO nanohybrid (Ag2O/ZnO=0.3:0.7) with small particle size and strong electronic synergistic effects owing to the uniform distribution of the constituents. The as‐synthesized nanohybrid shows excellent photocatalytic properties for degradation of rhodamine B, even under visible light irradiation. This effect is much better than pure or physical mixtures of Ag2O and ZnO, as well as the traditional homogenous Fenton catalyst (Fe3+/H2O2).
4‐*GDD(6n)s and Related Optimal Quaternary Constant‐Weight Codes
Authors: Zhu Mingzhi , Ge Gennian 
Published: August 2012

AbstractConstant‐weight codes (CWCs) have played an important role in coding theory. To construct CWCs, a K‐GDD (where GDD is group divisible design) with the “star” property, denoted by K‐*GDD, was introduced, in which any two intersecting blocks intersect in at most two common groups. In this paper, we consider the existence of 4‐*GDDs. Previously, the necessary conditions for existence were shown to be sufficient for , and also sufficient for with prime powers and . We continue to investigate the existence of 4‐*GDD(6n)s and show that the necessary condition for the existence of a 4‐*GDD(6n), namely, , is also sufficient. The known results on the existence of optimal quaternary (n, 5, 4) CWCs are also extended.
Registration of prostate histology images to ex vivo MR images via strand‐shaped fiducials
Authors: Gibson Eli , Crukley Cathie , Gaed Mena , Gómez José A. , Moussa Madeleine , Chin Joseph L. , Bauman Glenn S. , Fenster Aaron , Ward Aaron D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose:To present and evaluate a method for registration of whole‐mount prostate digital histology images to ex vivo magnetic resonance (MR) images.Materials and Methods:Nine radical prostatectomy specimens were marked with 10 strand‐shaped fiducial markers per specimen, imaged with T1‐ and T2‐weighted 3T MRI protocols, sliced at 4.4‐mm intervals, processed for whole‐mount histology, and the resulting histological sections (3–5 per specimen, 34 in total) were digitized. The correspondence between fiducial markers on histology and MR images yielded an initial registration, which was refined by a local optimization technique, yielding the least‐squares best‐fit affine transformation between corresponding fiducial points on histology and MR images. Accuracy was quantified as the postregistration 3D distance between landmarks (3–7 per section, 184 in total) on histology and MR images, and compared to a previous state‐of‐the‐art registration method.Results:The proposed method and previous method had mean (SD) target registration errors of 0.71 (0.38) mm and 1.21 (0.74) mm, respectively, requiring 3 and 11 hours of processing time, respectively.Conclusion:The proposed method registers digital histology to prostate MR images, yielding 70% reduced processing time and mean accuracy sufficient to achieve 85% overlap on histology and ex vivo MR images for a 0.2 cc spherical tumor. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012; 36:1402–1412. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utilization and costs of conventional and alternative pharmaceuticals in children: results from the German GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohort studies
Authors: Italia Salvatore , Batscheider Ariane , Heinrich Joachim , Wenig Christina , Bauer Carl Peter , Koletzko Sibylle , Lehmann Irina , Herbarth Olf , von Berg Andrea , Berdel Dietrich , Hoffmann Barbara , Schaaf Beate , Wolfenstetter Silke B. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeThe socioeconomic determinants for drug utilization, especially in children, have not been investigated sufficiently so far. The study's aim was the estimation of prevalences and determinants of conventional, homeopathic and phytotherapeutic drugs and expenditures.MethodsPopulation‐based data on drug utilization of 3,642 children in two German birth cohorts (GINIplus and LISAplus, 10‐year follow‐up) were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire. For analysis, the reported drugs (use within the last four weeks) were classified into the therapeutic categories of ‘conventional medicine’, ‘homeopathy’, ‘phytotherapy’ and ‘others’. Drug costs were estimated using pharmaceutical identification numbers.ResultsIn all, 42.3% of the children reported drug use; 24.1% of the drugs were homeopathic and 11.5% were phytotherapeutic. The proportion of children who took at least one homeopathic remedy was 14.3%. Drugs prescribed by physicians were dominated by conventional medicine (76.5%), whereas in non‐prescribed drugs, both homeopathy and conventional medicine accounted for 37% each. Boys (OR = 0.78) used less homeopathy than girls. Income showed only a weak influence. Education had a strong effect on the use of phytotherapy such that children of mothers with higher school education (>10 years vs. <10 years) used more phytotherapy (OR = 2.01). If out‐of‐pocket payments arose (n = 613), the mean was €20. On average, total drug expenditures summed up to €39 in 4 weeks for drug users if only clearly identifiable prices for drugs were considered (58% of all data).ConclusionsUtilization of homeopathy is common in children from the analyzed cohort. User profiles of homeopathy and phytotherapy differ from each other and should be analyzed separately. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploration of the active site of Escherichia coli cystathionine γ‐synthase
Authors: Jaworski Allison F. , Lodha Pratik H. , Manders Adrienne L. , Aitken Susan M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCystathionine γ‐synthase (CGS) catalyzes the condensation of O‐succinyl‐L‐homoserine (L‐OSHS) and L‐cysteine (L‐Cys), to produce L‐cystathionine (L‐Cth) and succinate, in the first step of the bacterial transsulfuration pathway. In the absence of L‐Cys, the enzyme catalyzes the futile α,γ‐elimination of L‐OSHS, yielding succinate, α‐ketobutyrate, and ammonia. A series of 16 site‐directed variants of Escherichia coli CGS (eCGS) was constructed to probe the roles of active‐site residues D45, Y46, R48, R49, Y101, R106, N227, E325, S326, and R361. The effects of these substitutions on the catalytic efficiency of the α,γ‐elimination reaction range from a reduction of only ∼2‐fold for R49K and the E325A,Q variants to 310‐ and 760‐fold for R361K and R48K, respectively. A similar trend is observed for the kcat/K of the physiological, α,γ‐replacement reaction. The results of this study suggest that the arginine residues at positions 48, 106 and 361 of eCGS, conserved in bacterial CGS sequences, tether the distal and α‐carboxylate moieties, respectively, of the L‐OSHS substrate. In contrast, with the exception of the 13‐fold increase observed for R106A, the K is not markedly affected by the site‐directed replacement of the residues investigated. The decrease in kcat observed for the S326A variant reflects the role of this residue in tethering the side chain of K198, the catalytic base. Although no structures exist of eCGS bound to active‐site ligands, the roles of individual residues is consistent with the structures inhibitor complexes of related enzymes. Substitution of D45, E325, or Y101 enables a minor transamination activity for the substrate L‐Ala.
The University of Pennsylvania MAGIC 2010 multi‐robot unmanned vehicle system
Authors: Butzke J. , Daniilidis K. , Kushleyev A. , Lee D. D. , Likhachev M. , Phillips C. , Phillips M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this report, we describe the technical approach and algorithms that have been used by the University of Pennsylvania in the MAGIC 2010 competition. We have constructed and deployed a multi‐vehicle robot team, consisting of intelligent sensor and disrupter unmanned ground vehicles that can survey, map, recognize, and respond to threats in a dynamic urban environment with minimal human guidance. The custom hardware systems consist of robust and complementary sensors, integrated electronics, computation, and highly capable propulsion and actuation. The mapping, navigation, and planning software is organized hierarchically, allowing autonomous decisions to be made by the robots while enabling human operators to interact with the robot team in an efficient and strategic manner. The ground control station integrates information coming from the robots as well as metadata feeds to focus the attention of the operators and respond rapidly to emerging threats. These systems were developed and tested by the UPenn team to complete two phases of the MAGIC 2010 challenge in a safe and timely manner. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bianchi attractors: a classification of extremal black brane geometries
Authors: Iizuka Norihiro , Kachru Shamit , Kundu Nilay , Narayan Prithvi , Sircar Nilanjan , Trivedi Sandip P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractExtremal black branes are of interest because they correspond to the ground states of field theories at finite charge density in gauge/gravity duality. The geometry of such a brane need not be translationally invariant in the spatial directions along which it extends. A less restrictive requirement is that of homogeneity, which still allows points along the spatial directions to be related to each other by symmetries. In this paper, we find large new classes of homogeneous but anisotropic extremal black brane horizons, which could naturally arise in gauge/gravity dual pairs. In 4+1 dimensional spacetime, we show that such homogeneous black brane solutions are classified by the Bianchi classification, which is well known in the study of cosmology, and fall into nine classes. In a system of Einstein gravity with negative cosmological term coupled to one or two massive Abelian gauge fields, we find solutions with an additional scaling symmetry, which could correspond to the near-horizon geometries of such extremal black branes. These solutions realize many of the Bianchi classes. In one case, we construct the complete extremal solution which asymptotes to AdS space.
Reach the bottom line of the sbottom search
Authors: Álvarez Ezequiel , Bai Yang 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

We propose a new search strategy for directly-produced sbottoms at the LHC with a small mass splitting between the sbottom and its decayed stable neutralino. Our search strategy is based on boosting sbottoms through an energetic initial state radiation jet. In the final state, we require a large missing transverse energy and one or two b-jets besides the initial state radiation jet. We also define a few kinematic variables to further increase the discovery reach. For the case that the sbottom mainly decays into the bottom quark and the stable neutralino, we have found that even for a mass splitting as small as 10 GeV sbottoms with masses up to around 400 GeV can be excluded at the 95 % confidence level with 20 inverse femtobarn data at the 8 TeV LHC.
Green bundles, Lyapunov exponents and regularity along the supports of the minimizing measures
Authors: Arnaud M.-C. 
Published: August 2012

In this article, we study the minimizing measures of the Tonelli Hamiltonians. More precisely, we study the relationships between the so-called Green bundles and various notions as:

In particular, we deduce that the support of every minimizing measure

μ

, all of whose Lyapunov exponents are zero, is

C^{1}

-regular

μ

-almost everywhere.

Résumé
Dans cet article, on étudie les mesures minimisantes de Hamiltoniens de Tonelli. Plus précisément, on explique quelles relations existent entre les fibrés de Green et différentes notions comme :

On en déduit par exemple que si tous les exposants de Lyapunov dʼune mesure minimisante

μ

sont nuls, alors le support de cette mesure est

C^{1}

-régulier en

μ

-presque tout point.
Occupational risks of esophageal cancer in Taiwanese men
Authors: Huang Shih‐Hui , Wu I‐Chen , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Wu Chun‐Chieh , Yang Jeng‐Fu , Chen Yu‐Kuei , Chai Chee‐Yin , Chiu Yu‐Wen , Huang Chia‐Tsuan , Lee Tzu‐Chi , Wu Ming‐Tsang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study aims to explore whether certain occupations were associated with the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Taiwan. In a hospital‐based case‐control study, we collected 326 newly diagnosed ESCC patients and 386 age‐matched controls (the ratio of case patients: controls = 1:1–2). All respondents completed a questionnaire, including 33 occupations in which environments potential exposure to cancer‐related hazards are present. Workers with dust and metal exposure were categorized into Groups A and B, respectively. Relative risks for ESCC were estimated by odds ratios adjusting for covariates (AOR). Compared with the controls, farmer/gardener (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.02–4.24) and workers in Group A (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.21–6.47) had significantly higher risk for developing ESCC. A tendency of increased risk was also found in workers in group B (OR = 5.72 95% CI = 2.33–14.03), but such association was not significant after adjusting for other covariates (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI = 0.54–6.61). Our results suggested that farmer/gardener and workers with exposure to dust had a significant excess risk of ESCC. This study added further evidence to the current knowledge that occupational hazards are important in the development of ESCC.
High intakes of protein and processed meat associate with increased incidence of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ericson Ulrika , Sonestedt Emily , Gullberg Bo , Hellstrand Sophie , Hindy George , Wirfält Elisabet , Orho-Melander Marju 
Published: August 2012

Diets high in protein have shown positive effects on short-term weight reduction and glycaemic control. However, the understanding of how dietary macronutrient composition relates to long-term risk of type 2 diabetes is limited. The aim of the present study was to examine intakes of macronutrients, fibre and protein sources in relation to incident type 2 diabetes. In total, 27 140 individuals, aged 45–74 years, from the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort, were included. Dietary data were collected with a modified diet history method, including registration of cooked meals. During 12 years of follow-up, 1709 incident type 2 diabetes cases were identified. High protein intake was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio (HR) 1·27 for highest compared with lowest quintile; 95 % CI 1·08, 1·49; P for trend = 0·01). When protein consumption increased by 5 % of energy at the expense of carbohydrates (HR 1·20; 95 % CI 1·09, 1·33) or fat (HR 1·21; 95 % CI 1·09, 1·33), increased diabetes risk was observed. Intakes in the highest quintiles of processed meat (HR 1·16; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·36; P for trend = 0·01) and eggs (HR 1·21; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·41; P for trend = 0·02) were associated with increased risk. Intake of fibre-rich bread and cereals was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes (HR 0·84; 95 % CI 0·73, 0·98; P for trend = 0·004). In conclusion, results from the present large population-based prospective study indicate that high protein intake is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Replacing protein with carbohydrates may be favourable, especially if fibre-rich breads and cereals are chosen as carbohydrate sources.
Thermonuclear burn of DT and DD fuels using three-temperature model: Non-equilibrium effects
Authors: Nayak Bishnupriya , Menon S.V.G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractConditions for thermonuclear ignition are determined by three parameters: fuel density, temperature and hot-spot size. A simple three temperature model is developed to calculate the critical burn-up parameter or the minimum ρR product. Extensive results obtained are compared with earlier one temperature model for DT and DD fuels. While the two approaches are found to provide similar results for DT fuel except at low temperature regime (~10 keV), three temperature modeling is found to be necessary for DD fuel. This is argued to be due to the lower fusion reactivity and energy production in DD reactions.
Single Institutional Experience of Electron Conformal Therapy (ECT) and Modulated Electron Therapy (MET) for Post-mastectomy Chest Wall Irradiation
Authors: Tunio Mutahir , Ahmed Zaeem , Zameer Asad , Ali Shoukat , Awan Kamran A. , Khan Basit 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjective: Two opposed tangential photon beams followed by scar boost with electrons is a common technique for post-mastectomy radiotherapy to the chest wall. However with current advances in x-rays (conformal and intensity modulated radiotherapy), the electrons have gained less attention; and most of the centres are using the conventional electron therapy techniques. Here we share our experience of electron conformal therapy (ECT) and modulated electron therapy (MET) for post-mastectomy scar boost.Materials and methods: For post-mastectomy chest wall irradiation, 25 patients were treated with ECT and MET in five steps (a) virtual simulation and image acquisition using CT scanner Siemens® followed by (b) data transfer to Coherence Siemens® for contouring of skin, clinical target volume (CTV), planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs), followed by (c) forward and reverse planning applying segmented fields using Prowess Panther treatment planning system (TPS) Siemens® and shaping of fields on beam’s eye view (BEV), (d) data transfer to computer assisted fabrication device (Autimo 2D) for lead cut outs and wax blocks and finally (e) quality assurance (QA) and modified treatment delivery.Results: Apart from energy selection and tumor delineation, the ECT and MET showed maximal sparing of OARs (< 70% of prescribed dose), and improved dose conformity compared to single energy single field plans. Phantom and in vivo dosimetric measurements showed excellent agreement with calculated doses with difference ±2%. Conformity improved little beyond allowing three energies due to energy overlap and field-size constraints and conformity improvement was found at the expanse of dose heterogeneity within the PTV.Conclusions: ECT and MET is time saving and can be utilised for treating superficial targets to improve the treatment outcome and with better QA; however, efforts are required to design commercially available eMLC (electron multileaf collimators) in modern linear accelerators.