bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early results of whole femoral head allograft with articular cartilage for acetabular impaction grafting in revision hip replacements
Authors: Subramanian Sivaraman , Jain Kaushik D , Sreekumar Ramakutty , Fox Una , Hemmady Mukesh , Hodgkinson John 
Published: December 2009

INTRODUCTION Extensive bone loss associated with revision hip surgery is a significant orthopaedic challenge. Acetabular reconstruction with the use of impaction bone grafting and a cemented polyethylene cup is a reliable and durable technique in revision situations with cavitatory acetabular bone defects. Some use cancellous graft alone whilst others morselise the whole femoral head after removal of articular cartilage. This paper asks, if it really necessary to use pure cancellous graft? PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-two acetabular revisions using impacted morselised bone graft without removal of articular cartilage and a cemented cup were studied retrospectively. The mean follow-up was 3 years (range, 2–5.6 years). Clinical and radiographic assessment was made using the Oxford hip score, Hodgkinson's criteria (1988) for socket loosening and the Gie classification (1993) for evaluation of allograft consolidation and remodelling. RESULTS Forty (95%) sockets were considered radiologically stable (type 0, 1, 2 demarcations) and two (5%) sockets were radiologically loose (Type 3 demarcation). There was no socket migration in our series. Twenty-seven(64%) cases showed good trabecular remodelling (grade 3). Twelve (29%) cases showed trabecular incorporation (grade 2). Only three (7%) cases showed poor allograft incorporation (grade 1). Average pre-operative Oxford hip score was 41 and postoperative hip score was 27. There have been no socket re-revisions (100% survival) at an average of 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Early radiological and clinical survival results with retaining articular cartilage of femoral head allografts are similar and comparable to other major studies for acetabular impaction bone grafting in revisions. Minimal loss of allograft mass is 40% in obtaining pure cancellous graft. When there is a limited supply and demand of allograft, saving up to 40% of the material is a valuable and cost-effective use of scarce resources.
Cervicomastoidfacial versus modified facelift incision for parotid surgery: a patient feedback comparison
Authors: Wasson Joseph , Karim Haider , Yeo Justin , Panesar Jaan 
Published: December 2009

INTRODUCTION Traditionally, the cervicomastoidfacial (CMF) incision is used to excise benign tumours of the parotid gland. The rhytidectomy or modified facelift (MF) incision allows an alternative approach which leaves no visible neck scar. The objective of this study was to establish the frequency of each surgical approach used and identify any difference in complication and patient satisfaction between the two incisions for benign conditions of the parotid gland. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 101 case notes for patients who underwent parotidectomy by both ENT and maxillofacial departments between January 2006 and February 2008 was undertaken. All histologically confirmed cases of malignancy were excluded. For each incision, immediate postoperative complications were obtained from the notes. A postal patient outcome evaluation questionnaire sought information regarding persistent and late complications as well as a visual analogue scar satisfaction score for both incisions. RESULTS Overall, 79 parotidectomies were included (59 CMF incisions, 20 MF incisions). Of CMF incisions, 34% suffered facial weakness immediately postoperatively versus 20% of MF incisions. Of CMF incisions, 4% suffered postoperative haematomas versus none following MF incisions. In the study cohort, 47 (60%) responded to the postal feedback questionnaire (33 CMF versus 14 MF respondents). Information regarding immediate and late postoperative ipsilateral facial paraesthe-sia and gustatory sweating was obtained. Mean visual analogue scar satisfaction scores were 9.4 for CMF incisions and 8.9 for MF incisions. CONCLUSIONS Immediate and late complications for CMF and MF approaches for benign disease parotidectomy were comparable, but scar satisfaction following MF incision was not greater than CMF incisions.
The impact of the two-week wait rule on the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer in a single UK institution
Authors: Blick Christopher , Bailey David , Haldar Neil , Bdesha Amarjit , Kelleher John , Muneer Asif 
Published: December 2009

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the 2-week wait rule on patient waiting times for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data reporting the waiting times from diagnosis to treatment for 100 consecutive patients newly diagnosed with bladder cancer immediately before and after the implementation of the 2-week wait rule were compared. The data were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from cancer multidisciplinary team meeting files and patient records. Various steps of the patient pathway were analysed including waiting times from referral to consultation as well as time to investigation and first treatment. Data were also analysed based upon tumour stage/grade and whether referrals were made on an urgent or routine basis. RESULTS One hundred newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer in each group covered a period of 4–5 years (1997–2001 and 2001–2006). Following the introduction of the 2-week wait rule, there was a 47.6% reduction in the time from referral to first consultation with a specialist (42 days vs 22 days; P < 0.001). The time between first investigation and treatment has not reduced significantly. We also found that, despite the introduction of the 2-week wait rule, only 42% of the patients were diagnosed with bladder cancer using this pathway. Patients referred as ‘routine’ waited longer to be seen in hospital although there was no significant delay in receiving treatment. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of the 2-week wait rule has significantly reduced the time patients with bladder cancer wait for their first consultation with a specialist. However, there is no significant change in the time between first consultation and treatment.
Critical appraisal of subjective outcome measures used in the assessment of shoulder disability
Authors: Desai Aravind S , Dramis Asterios , Hearnden Anthony J 
Published: December 2009

INTRODUCTION Objective measures can be impractical in some settings, because they are time consuming and require face-to-face contact. More recently, there is an increasing trend towards the use of subjective outcome measures. Hence, in this article, five common subjective shoulder outcome measures are critically appraised in terms of their development, validity, relia-lity, responsiveness and clinical application. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following an extensive literature search, five common shoulder patient-based scores were identified: Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ-UK), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ). These questionnaires were then critically appraised in terms of their development process, validity, reliability, responsiveness, and clinical application. RESULTS The SDQ-UK has shown good construct validity but there is no data available regarding internal consistency, reliability and responsiveness. The SPADI has good internal consistency, fair reliability with adequate criterion and construct validity. The DASH has shown to have good construct validity, excellent test–re-test reliability and responsiveness to change. The OSS has good sensitivity, validity and responsiveness. Though SRQ has good internal consistency, its reproducibility and responsiveness are poor. CONCLUSIONS Based on this critical appraisal, the DASH received the best ratings for its clinimetric properties followed by the OSS.
Combining Biochemical and Ultrasonographic Markers in Predicting Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Giguère Yves , Charland Marc , Bujold Emmanuel , Bernard Nathalie , Grenier Sonya , Rousseau François , Lafond Julie , Légaré France , Forest Jean-Claude 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground: Early identification of pregnant women at risk for preeclampsia is a priority to implement preventive measures. Some biochemical and ultrasonographic parameters have shown promising predictive performance, but so far there is no clinically validated screening procedure.Content: Using a series of keywords, we reviewed electronic databases (Medline, Embase, all records to May 2009) reporting the performance of biological and ultrasonographic markers to predict preeclampsia, both single markers and combinations of markers. We analyzed the data according to gestational age and risk levels of the studied populations. We evaluated the methodological quality of included publications using QUADAS (quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies). We identified 37 relevant studies that assessed 71 different combinations of biochemical and ultrasonographic markers. Most studies were performed during the second trimester on small-scale high-risk populations with few cases of preeclampsia. Combinations of markers generally led to an increase in sensitivity and/or specificity compared with single markers. In low-risk populations, combinations including placental protein 13 (PP13), pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), a disintegrin and metalloprotease-12 (ADAM12), activin A, or inhibin A measured in first or early second trimester and uterine artery Doppler in second trimester appear promising (sensitivity 60%–80%, specificity &gt;80%). In high-risk populations, the combination of PP13 and pulsatility index in first trimester showed 90% sensitivity and 90% specificity in a single study limited to severe preeclampsia.Summary: Combinations of biochemical and ultrasonographic markers improved the performance of early prediction of preeclampsia. From a perspective of integrative medicine, large population-based studies evaluating algorithms combining multiple markers are needed, if screening approaches are to be eventually implemented.
Origins of microfossil bonebeds: insights from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of north-central Montana
Authors: Rogers Raymond R. , Brady Mara E. 
Published: January 2010

Microfossil bonebeds are multi-individual accumulations of disarticulated and dissociated vertebrate hardparts dominated by elements in the millimeter to centimeter size range (≤75% of bioclasts ≤5 cm maximum dimension). Modes of accumulation are often difficult to decipher from reports in the literature, although predatory (scatological) and fluvial/hydraulic origins are typically proposed. We studied the sedimentology and taphonomy of 27 microfossil bonebeds in the Campanian Judith River Formation of Montana in order to reconstruct formative histories. Sixteen of the bonebeds examined are hosted by fine-grained facies that accumulated in low-energy aquatic settings (pond/lake microfossil bonebeds). Eleven of the bonebeds are embedded in sandstones that accumulated in ancient fluvial settings (channel-hosted microfossil bonebeds). In lieu of invoking separate pathways to accumulation based on facies distinctions, we present a model that links the accumulation of bioclasts in the two facies. We propose that vertebrate material initially accumulates to fossiliferous levels in ponds/lakes and is later reworked and redeposited as channel-hosted assemblages. This interpretation is grounded in reasonable expectations of lacustrine and fluvial depositional systems and supported by taphonomic data. Moreover, it is consistent with faunal data that indicate that channel-hosted assemblages and pond/lake assemblages are similar with regard to presence/absence and rank-order abundance of taxa.This revised model of bonebed formation has significant implications for studies of vertebrate paleoecology that hinge on analyses of faunal data recovered from vertebrate microfossil assemblages. Pond/lake microfossil bonebeds in the Judith River record are preserved in situ at the scale of the local paleoenvironment, with no indication of postmortem transport into or out of the life habitat. Moreover, they are time-averaged samples of their source communities, which increases the likelihood of capturing both ecologically abundant species and more rare or transient members of the paleocommunity. These attributes make pond/lake microfossil bonebeds excellent targets for paleoecological studies that seek to reconstruct overall community membership and structure. In contrast, channel-hosted microfossil bonebeds in the Judith River record are out of place from a paleoenvironmental perspective because they are reworked from preexisting pond/lake assemblages and redeposited in younger channel facies. However, despite a history of exhumation and redeposition, channel-hosted microfossil bonebeds are preserved in relatively close spatial proximity to original source beds. This taphonomic reconstruction is counter to the commonly held view that microfossil bonebeds are biased samples that have experienced long-distance transport and significant hydrodynamic sorting.
Evaluation of early cellular influences of bone morphogenetic proteins 12 and 2 on equine superficial digital flexor tenocytes and bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
Authors: Murray Shannon J. , Santangelo Kelly S. , Bertone Alicia L. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate early cellular influences of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)12 and BMP2 on equine superficial digital flexor tenocytes (SDFTNs) and equine bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDMSCs).
Animals—9 adult clinically normal horses.
Procedures—BMDMSCs and SDFTNs were cultured in monolayer, either untreated or transduced with adenovirus encoding green fluorescent protein, adenovirus encoding BMP12, or adenovirus encoding BMP2. Cytomorphologic, cytochemical, immunocytochemical, and reverse transcriptase–quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses were performed on days 3 and 6. Genetic profiling for effects of BMP12 was evaluated by use of an equine gene expression microarray on day 6.
Results—BMDMSCs and SDFTNs had high BMP12 gene expression and remained viable and healthy for at least 6 days. Type l collagen immunocytochemical staining for SDFTNs and tenocyte-like morphology for SDFTNs and BMDMSCs were greatest in BMP12 cells. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, as determined via RT-qPCR assay, and chondroitin sulfate, as determined via gene expression microarray analysis, were upregulated relative to control groups in SDFTN-BMP12 cells. The BMDMSCs and SDFTNs became mineralized with BMP2, but not BMP12. Superficial digital flexor tenocytes responded to BMP12 with upregulation of genes relevant to tendon healing and without mineralization as seen with BMP2.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Targeted equine SDFTNs may respond to BMP12 with improved tenocyte morphology and without mineralization, as seen with BMP2. Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells may be able to serve as a cell delivery method for BMP12.
Evaluation of a real-time, continuous monitor of glucose concentration in healthy dogs during anesthesia
Authors: Bilicki Kerry L. , Schermerhorn Thomas , Klocke Emily E. , McMurphy Rose M. , Roush James K. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the accuracy of a real-time, continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in healthy dogs undergoing anesthesia for elective ovariohysterectomy or orchiectomy.
Animals—10 healthy dogs undergoing routine elective surgery.
Procedures—A CGMS was placed and used to obtain calculated glucose measurements before, during, and after anesthesia in each dog. Periodically, CGMS measurements were compared with concurrent measurements of glucose concentration in peripheral venous blood obtained with a portable chemistry analyzer (PCA).
Results—CGMS-calculated glucose measurements were significantly different from PCA blood glucose measurements during most of the anesthetic period. The CGMS values differed from PCA values by > 20% in 54 of 126 (42.9%) paired measurements obtained during the anesthetic period. Hypoglycemia was evident in CGMS measurements 25 of 126 (19.8%) times during anesthesia. By comparison, only 1 incident of hypoglycemia was detected with the PCA during the same period.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of the CGMS for routine monitoring of interstitial glucose concentration as an indicator of blood glucose concentration during anesthesia cannot be recommended. Additional investigation is necessary to elucidate the cause of discrepancy between CGMS results and PCA data during anesthesia.
Evaluation of the safety of spinosad and milbemycin 5-oxime orally administered to Collies with the MDR1 gene mutation
Authors: Sherman Jeffrey G. , Paul Allan J. , Firkins Lawrence D. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether signs of avermectin (AVM)-milbemycin (MB) toxicosis would be evident in AVM-MB–sensitive Collies after treatment with an experimental formulation of spinosad alone or spinosad combined with MB 5-oxime (MBO) at doses up to 5 and 10 times the MBO maximum label dose.
Animals—20 adult Collies homozygous or heterozygous for the MDR1 gene mutation that had signs of toxicosis after oral administration of ivermectin.
Procedures—On the basis of AVM-MB sensitivity score, each dog was assigned in a randomized block design to 1 of 5 treatment groups (control group, 300 mg of spinosad/kg [5 times maximum label dose], 180 mg of spinosad/kg with 3 mg of MBO/kg [3 times maximum MBO label dose], 300 mg of spinosad/kg with 5 mg of MBO/kg, and 300 mg of spinosad/kg with 10 mg of MBO/kg). Treatments were administered orally as a sequence of single doses during 5 consecutive days. After a 28-day washout period, treatment sequences were repeated. Posttreatment observation and scoring by blinded observers were conducted to specifically include neurologic abnormalities typical of AVM-MB toxicosis, such as signs of depression, ataxia, mydriasis, and hypersalivation.
Results—No signs of AVM-MB toxicosis were attributed to treatment in any dog during the study.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that oral administration of spinosad at 300 mg/kg alone or in combination with MBO at doses up to 10 mg/kg did not cause signs of AVM-MB toxicosis in AVM-MB–sensitive dogs with the MDR1 gene mutation.
Effect of changes in number of doses and anatomic location for administration of an Escherichia coli bacterin on serum IgG1 and IgG2 concentrations in dairy cows
Authors: Erskine Ronald J. , Brockett Anne R. , Beeching Nicole D. , Hull Robert W. , Bartlett Paul C. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of injection site on antibody response to J5 Escherichia coli bacterin.
Animals—28 adult Holstein cows.
Procedures—Cows were randomly assigned as control cattle (n=4cows), not administered J5 E coli bacterin; 3X (8), administered 3 doses of bacterin SC in the left side of the neck; 5XN (8), administered 5 doses of bacterin SC in the left side of the neck; or 5XSR (8), administered 5 doses of bacterin SC sequentially in the left side of the neck, right side of the neck, right side of the thorax, left side of the thorax, and left side of the neck. Blood samples were collected from the cows to determine anti-J5 E coli IgG1 and IgG2 concentrations.
Results—Vaccinated cows had higher mean serum anti-J5 E coli IgG1 concentrations than did control cows. The 5XN and 5XSR cows had higher mean serum anti-J5 E coli IgG1 concentrations than did 3X cows. Additionally, 5XSR cows had higher mean serum anti-J5 E coli IgG1 concentrations than did 5XN cows. Vaccinated cows had higher mean serum anti-J5 E coli IgG2 concentrations than did control cows. The 5XN and 5XSR cows had higher mean serum anti-J5 E coli IgG2 concentrations than did 3X cows. The 5XSR cows had higher mean serum anti-J5 E coli IgG2 concentrations than did all other groups at 84 days after the fifth vaccination.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Sequential doses of core-antigen bacterins administered at different anatomic locations may improve antibody response in dairy cattle.
Evaluation of segmental dorsolumbar epidural analgesia with ketamine hydrochloride administered by use of nonstyletted multiple-port catheters via the caudal approach in cattle
Authors: DeRossi Rafael , Ruzzon Rafael H. S. , Verde-Selva Alexandre B. , Bertoni Rodrigo A. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate use of nonstyletted multiple-port catheters for epidural administration of ketamine hydrochloride via the caudal approach to induce analgesia of the paralumbar fossa (flank) in cattle.
Animals—6 healthy bulls.
Procedures—1 week before experiments began, a multiple-port catheter was inserted by use of a Tuohy needle in all cattle via the caudal approach (between the first and second coccygeal vertebrae); the tip was threaded approximately 48 cm cranial into the dorsolumbar region. Each bull was administered ketamine (0.3, 0.5, or 0.7 mg/kg) at time 0. Heart rate, blood pressures, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, analgesia, sedation, and ataxia were determined before treatment (baseline [time 0]); at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes; and every 30 minutes thereafter until end of analgesia.
Results—All multiple-port catheters were threaded with negligible resistance into the dorsolumbar region in all bulls. All doses of ketamine were effective for inducing analgesia of the flank region of bulls in a standing position. Total analgesia time was dose dependent (35, 50, and 80 minutes for 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mg/kg, respectively). All doses of ketamine induced mild or moderate ataxia. Heart rate changes were within acceptable limits.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Segmental dorsolumbar epidural analgesia with ketamine administered via multiple-port catheters by use of the caudal approach in cattle was feasible, and the cattle remained standing with minimal adverse effects. Further studies are necessary to determine whether this technique provides optimal conditions to allow surgery in standing cattle.