bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial issues related to sexual functioning among African‐American prostate cancer survivors and their spouses
Authors: Rivers Brian M. , August Euna M. , Gwede Clement K. , Hart Alton , Donovan Kristine A. , Pow‐Sang Julio M. , Quinn Gwendolyn P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective: Focus on cancer survivorship and quality of life (QOL) is a growing priority. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the most salient psychosocial concerns related to sexual functioning among African‐American (AA) prostate cancer survivors and their spouses.Methods: Twelve AA prostate cancer survivors and their spouses participated in semi‐structured individual interviews. The interviews assessed couples' experiences with psychosocial adjustment and sexual functioning posttreatment for localized prostate cancer. The data were analyzed using the constant comparison method and content analysis.Results: In this qualitative study of couples surviving prostate cancer, there were divergent views between the male prostate cancer survivors and their female partners, particularly regarding sexual functioning. For the males, QOL issues emerged as the primary area of concern, whereas survival of their husbands was considered most important among the female spouses. The male respondents expressed unease with the sexual side effects of their cancer treatment, such as erectile dysfunction and decreased sexual desire and satisfaction. Female spouses recognized decreased sexual desire in their partners following treatment, but this was not considered a primary concern.Conclusions: Patients and their spouses may have differing perceptions regarding QOL and the impact of sexual functioning on survivorship. This study points to the need for further research and intervention development to address these domains with a goal to improve QOL. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The morphological and biomechanical changes of keratocytes cultured on modified p (HEMA‐MMA) hydrogel studied by AFM
Authors: Yan Tuo , Sun Rong , Deng Hua , Tan Baihua , Ao Ningjian 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe poor integration with host cornea tissue and the low mechanical properties of pHEMA hydrogel for artificial cornea remains a difficult problem to solve. A modified pHEMA hydrogel, MMA copolymerized and type‐I collagen and bFGF immobilized, was previously prepared in an attempt to solve the problems. In this study, the cytotoxicity of Col/bFGF‐p (HEMA‐MMA) and p (HEMA‐MMA) was studied by cell adhesion assay and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results of cell adhesion assay show that the attachment of keratocytes on the modified membrane is much higher than that of the unmodified membrane. This indicates that the material after modification have better cell–material interaction. The AFM images reveal that the morphology of keratocytes cultured on different substrate is obviously different. The cell cultured on modified membrane presented a completely elongated and spindle‐shape morphology. The force−distance indicates that the biomechanical of keratocytes changes significantly after culturing on different substrates. The adhesion force (2328±523 pN) and Young's modulus (0.51±0.125 kPa) of the cell cultured on modified membrane are much higher, and the stiffness (0.08±0.022 mN/m) is lower than those of the cell cultured on unmodified membrane. These results show that the cytotoxicity of Col/bFGF‐p (HEMA‐MMA) for keratocytes is much improved. SCANNING 31: 246–252, 2009. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitric oxide signaling via cGMP‐stimulated phosphodiesterase in striatal neurons
Authors: Lin David T.S. , Fretier Pascale , Jiang Cindy , Vincent Steven R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) acts in the nervous system to activate guanylyl cyclase and increase cGMP. One target for cGMP appears to be the cGMP‐stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2A), which is widely expressed in the brain and provides a molecular mechanism for NO to regulate cAMP levels. We have found that PDE2A is highly expressed in the medium spiny neurons of the striatum, which project to the pallidum and substantia nigra. These cells express dopamine‐stimulated adenylyl cyclase, and we have found that increases in cAMP in these neurons, produced by activation of the D1‐type dopamine receptor, are dramatically enhanced by the general phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine and the PDE2A‐selective inhibitor erythro‐p‐(2‐hydroxyl‐3‐nonyl)adenine (EHNA). These results indicate that PDE2A plays a major role in regulating dopamine‐stimulated cAMP production in striatal neurons. EHNA also enhances NO‐induced increases in striatal cGMP. In addition, dopamine appears to act via another receptor, activated by the agonist SKF83959, to increase striatal cGMP in a NO‐dependent manner. Together, these observations indicate that striatal NO producing interneurons can act via the PDE2A in the medium spiny neurons to regulate the cAMP response to dopamine stimulation. Synapse 64:460–466, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroprotective effect of vitamin C against the ethanol and nicotine modulation of GABABreceptor and PKA‐α expression in prenatal rat brain
Authors: Naseer M.I. , Lee H.Y. , Kim M.O. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPrenatal ethanol exposure has various deleterious effects on neuronal development and can induce various defects in developing brain, resulting in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABAB) receptor (R) is known to play an important role during the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Our study was designed to investigate the effect of ethanol (100 mM), nicotine (50 μM) (for 30 min and 1 h), vitamin C (vitC, 0.5 mM), ethanol plus vitC, and nicotine plus vitC on expression level of GABAB1, GABAB2R, and protein kinase A‐α (PKA) in prenatal rat cortical and hippocampal neurons at gestational days (GD) 17.5. The results showed that, upon ethanol and nicotine exposure, GABAB1and GABAB2R protein expression increased significantly in the cortex and hippocampus for a short (30 min) and long term (1 h), whereas only GABAB2R subunit was decreased upon nicotine exposure for a long term in the cortex. Furthermore, PKA expression in cortex and hippocampus increased with ethanol exposure during short term, whereas long‐term exposure results increased in cortex and decreased in hippocampus. Moreover, the cotreatment of vitC with ethanol and nicotine showed significantly decreased expression of GABAB1, GABAB2R, and PKA in cortex and hippocampus for a long‐term exposure. Mitochondrial membrane potential, Fluoro‐jade‐B, and propidium iodide staining were used to elucidate possible neurodegeneration. Our results suggest the involvement of GABABR and PKA in nicotine and ethanol‐mediated neurodevelopmental defects and the potential use of vitC as a effective protective agent for FAS‐related deficits. Synapse 64:467–477, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leptin increases striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding in leptin‐deficient obese (ob/ob) mice
Authors: Pfaffly Jennifer , Michaelides Michael , Wang Gene‐Jack , Pessin Jeffrey E. , Volkow Nora D. , Thanos Panayotis K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPeripheral and central leptin administration have been shown to mediate central dopamine (DA) signaling. Leptin‐receptor deficient rodents show decreased DA D2 receptor (D2R) binding in striatum and unique DA profiles compared to controls. Leptin‐deficient mice show increased DA activity in reward‐related brain regions. The objective of this study was to examine whether basal D2R‐binding differences contribute to the phenotypic behaviors of leptin‐deficient ob/ob mice, and whether D2R binding is altered in response to peripheral leptin treatment in these mice. Leptin decreased body weight, food intake, and plasma insulin concentration in ob/ob mice but not in wild‐type mice. Basal striatal D2R binding (measured with autoradiography [3H] spiperone) did not differ between ob/ob and wild‐type mice but the response to leptin did. In wild‐type mice, leptin decreased striatal D2R binding, whereas, in ob/ob mice, leptin increased D2R binding. Our findings provide further evidence that leptin modulates D2R expression in striatum and that these effects are genotype/phenotype dependent. Synapse 64:503–510, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PET studies of D2‐receptor binding in striatal and extrastriatal brain regions: Biochemical support in vivo for separate dopaminergic systems in humans
Authors: Cervenka Simon , Varrone Andrea , Fransén Erik , Halldin Christer , Farde Lars 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMost molecular imaging studies of the dopamine (DA) system performed to date have focused on the striatum, a region receiving dense dopaminergic innervation. In clinical research on the DA D2‐receptor, striatal binding has often been regarded as an index of global DA function, based on the underlying assumption of common regulatory mechanisms for receptor expression across brain regions. Recent data has challenged this view, suggesting differences in genetic regulation between striatal and extrastriatal brain regions. The relationship between binding levels in brain regions has, however, not been directly examined in the same sample. In this study, we searched for interregional correlations between DA D2‐receptor availability as determined with Positron Emission Tomography in 16 control subjects. The radioligands [11C]raclopride and [11C]FLB 457 were used for measurements of D2‐receptor binding in striatal and extrastriatal regions, respectively. No correlation was observed between D2‐receptor availability in striatum and any of the extrastriatal regions, as assessed using both region of interest‐ and voxel‐based analyses. Instead, the pattern of correlations was consistent with the model of separate dopaminergic systems as has been originally observed in rodents. These preliminary results encourage approaches searching for individual patterns of receptor binding across the whole brain volume in clinical studies on the dopamine system. Synapse 64:478–485, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transrectal ultrasound‐guided surgical evacuation of Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Bignardi T. , Condous G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo describe a new technique for the management of Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP): transrectal ultrasound (TRS)‐guided surgical evacuation.MethodsAll women who presented at our early pregnancy units (EPU) from November 2006 to July 2008 underwent transvaginal sonography. CSEP was diagnosed if all of the following criteria were met: absence of an intrauterine pregnancy; empty endocervical canal; presence of a gestational sac implanted within the lower anterior segment of the uterine corpus, with or without evidence of myometrial thinning. Women were offered TRS‐guided surgical evacuation under general anesthesia. Successful treatment was defined as complete primary evacuation of the CSEP. The need to perform additional interventions (emergency cervical cerclage, insertion of Foley's balloon catheter, blood transfusions) was recorded.ResultsOf 1195 consecutive women who presented at the EPUs, seven (0.59%) were diagnosed with CSEP. Three (43%) of these were viable at the time of diagnosis. Two (29%) of the seven pregnancies followed in‐vitro fertilization; six (86%) women had previously had a single Cesarean section and one had had two. One of these women had a previous tubal ectopic pregnancy, and one a previous CSEP. Three (43%) of the women were asymptomatic. Five (71%) women were treated with TRS‐guided surgical evacuation as the primary treatment, whilst two (29%) were given systemic methotrexate, one of whom subsequently underwent TRS‐guided aspiration because of failure of conservative management. There were no major complications.ConclusionsThe best treatment for CSEP has yet to be established. TRS‐guided surgical evacuation is a novel and potentially alternative treatment modality. However, in the absence of further studies we cannot draw any conclusions, and the management of such women should be individualized. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The split‐brain
Authors: Lassonde Maryse , Ouimet Catherine 
Published: February 2010

AbstractResearch on split‐brain individuals started to flourish approximately 70 years ago and has since then significantly contributed to our understanding of hemispheric specialization. This overview aims to capture the essential of its progress. Amongst other things, the disconnection syndrome is exposed through a description of its manifestations on sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. Ground work and recent studies on split‐brain individuals are integrated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Clinical Neuroscience
Kinetics of Oxidation of L‐Cysteine by trans‐ and cis‐CoIII and FeIII Complexes based on α‐ and γ‐Diimine Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Abdel‐Halim Hamzeh M. , Abu‐Surrah Adnan S. , Baker Hutaf M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractKinetics of oxidation of L‐cysteine by CoIII and FeIII complexes based on α‐ and γ‐diimine Schiff base ligands were studied in aqueous solution. Pairs of trans and cis isomers of the metal complexes were used in the studies. Kinetic measurements were performed at 25 °C and constant pH and ionic strength under pseudo‐first order condition, in which the concentration of cysteine was around two orders of magnitude greater than that of the metal complex. The observed rate constant was obtained by following the change in absorbance of the reaction mixture with time at a predetermined wavelength. The overall rate constant and order of the reaction with respect to cysteine and metal complex were determined. For both metal ions studied, the oxidation rate constant for the trans isomer was higher than that for the cis isomer. This was attributed to the contribution of the steric factor and the trans effect. The effects of substituents and the nature of the metal ion on the reaction rate are discussed.
Phospholipid Distribution and Phospholipid Fatty Acids of the Tropical Tunicates Eudistoma sp. and Leptoclinides uniorbis
Authors: Dagorn Flore , Dumay Justine , Wielgosz‐Collin Gaëtane , Rabesaotra Vony , Viau Michèle , Monniot Claude , Biard Jean‐François , Barnathan Gilles 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTwo tunicates, Eudistoma sp. and Leptoclinides uniorbis, collected from the tropical waters off Djibouti were investigated for lipids and phospholipid (PL) fatty acids. PL accounted for 38.2% of the total lipids in Eudistoma sp. and for 30.2% in L. uniorbis. PL classes were quantified by normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography using an evaporative light‐scattering detector and revealed essential differences. Eudistoma sp. contained mainly phosphatidylcholine (PC, 70.3% of total PL) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC, 11.9%) and was devoid of phosphatidylserine (PS), whereas the major PL of L. uniorbis was PS (59.1%) followed by PC (22.5%) and LPC (8.8%). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses of fatty acid (FA) derivatives revealed 38 FA in Eudistoma sp., and 35 FA in L. uniorbis, ranged from C12 to C24 chain lengths. Polyunsaturated FA accounted for 25.9% in Eudistoma sp. and for 32.3% in L. uniorbis. Interestingly, L. uniorbis contained a high percentage (16.7%) of the 20:5n‐3 acid (8.9% in Eudistoma sp.) and the 18:4n‐3 acid (4.1%). Significant levels of the 20:4n‐6 acid were observed in both organisms (7.8 and 6.0% respectively). Eudistoma sp. contained the rare 20:3n‐7 acid (2.3%) only recorded to date in hydrothermal vent animals. The cyclopropane dihydrosterculic acid was identified in both tunicates (0.7 and 0.5% respectively). These latter FA, together with some unusual branched saturated and monounsaturated FA, revealed the occurrence of associated bacteria in the tunicates. Another noticeable feature was a series of eight C16 to C18 aldehyde dimethylacetals revealing the presence of plasmalogens at 5.0% in Eudistoma sp. and 14.2% in L. uniorbis. The results of this study were compared with those previously published for other tunicates regarding mainly PL content and FA composition.
Driving plasticity in the motor cortex in recurrent low back pain
Authors: Tsao Henry , Galea Mary P. , Hodges Paul W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe sensory and motor systems can reorganise following injury and learning of new motor skills. Recently we observed adaptive changes in motor cortical organisation in patients with recurrent low back pain (LBP), which are linked to altered motor coordination. Although changes in motor coordination can be trained and are associated with improved symptoms and function, it remains unclear whether these training‐induced changes are related to reorganisation of the motor cortex. This was investigated using the model of a delay in postural activation of the deep abdominal muscle, transversus abdominis (TrA) in 20 individuals with recurrent LBP. Subjects were allocated to either motor skill training that involved isolated voluntary contractions of TrA, or a control intervention of self‐paced walking exercise for 2 weeks. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from TrA bilaterally using intramuscular fine‐wire electrodes. Motor cortical organisation using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and postural activation associated with single rapid arm movements were investigated before and after training. Motor skill training induced an anterior and medial shift in motor cortical representation of TrA, towards that observed in healthy individuals from our previous study. This shift was associated with earlier postural activation of TrA. Changes were not observed following unskilled walking exercise. This is the first observation that motor training can reverse reorganisation of neuronal networks of the motor cortex in people with recurrent pain. The observed relationship between cortical reorganisation and changes in motor coordination following motor training provides unique insight into potential mechanisms that underlie recovery.
The effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on bacterial biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hai Phan Vu Thanh , Lidstone Chris , Wallwork Ben 
Published: February 2010

Objective: To determine whether or not endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) alters bacterial biofilms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) after three months of follow‐up.Study Design: Prospective study.Setting: Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Queensland.Subjects and Methods: Participants with CRS from the Princess Alexandra Hospital Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery and from Logan Hospital were enrolled in the study (2008‐2009). The total number of patients was 28, and the age range was 18 to 65 years. All patients underwent pre‐ and post‐ESS questionnaires, endoscopic scoring, and nasal swabs for bacterial culture. Crystal violet staining was used to assess biofilm formation on a 96‐well culture plaque.Results: ESS resulted in a statistically significant improvement in quality‐of‐life, subjective, and objective outcome measures after three months. A significant reduction was observed in biofilm density before and after ESS (2.63 versus 1.3, P = 0.043). No correlations between the reduction of bacterial biofilms with any of the subjective, objective, and quality‐of‐life outcomes were seen in our study.Conclusion: ESS was shown to be capable of reducing the prevalence of bacterial biofilms but did not eliminate them entirely. There was no correlation between altered biofilm formation and improved outcome measures in individual patients.
Reduced αB‐crystallin staining in perineural invasion of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Solares C. Arturo , Boyle Glen M. , Brown Ian , Parsons Peter G. , Panizza Benedict 
Published: February 2010

Objective: Perineural invasion (PNI) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CSCCHN) carries poor prognosis. Tumor markers associated with neurotropism in CSCCHN have not been identified. Our objective was to study the expression of αB‐crystallin in CSCCHN with neurotropism.Study Design: Cross‐sectional review of pathologic specimens.Setting: Tertiary care center.Subjects and Methods: Tissue from patients with CSCCHN with clinical PNI who underwent surgery between 1998 and 2005 was immunostained for αB‐crystallin. In addition, non‐PNI CSCCHN and normal nerve sections were also stained. Staining intensity was calculated by the histologic, or H, score (product of the intensity and proportion of tumor cells stained). The H‐score ranged from 0.0 to 3.0, with 0 indicating negative staining in all cells and 3.0 indicating strong staining in 100 percent of cells.Results: Tissue was available in 15 clinical PNI CSCCHN patients. The analysis was also carried out in 14 non‐PNI patients matched by stage and four normal greater auricular nerve (GAN) sections. The mean H‐score was 0.56 for CSCCHN with PNI, 1.06 for non‐PNI CSCCHN, and 3.0 for normal nerves. The difference in H‐score between PNI and non‐PNI CSCCHN was statistically significant (P = 0.04).Conclusion: CSCCHN with clinical PNI has decreased staining for αB‐crystallin. This finding further demonstrates the differences between clinical PNI and non‐PNI CSCCHN tumors. Additional studies are required to identify cell surface markers expressed by CSCCHN that confer neurotropism capabilities.
Autofluorescence improves pretreatment mucosal assessment in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Fielding David , Agnew Julienne , Wright David , Hodge Robert 
Published: February 2010

Objective: Panendoscopy is used in selected patients with head and neck cancer to detect second primary disease. We hypothesized that adding autofluorescence to the bronchoscopy and laryngoscopy part of this procedure could add to the detection of clinically meaningful dysplasias and carcinomas in both the head and neck and bronchus, with resultant change in management.Study Design: Prospective observational study on consecutive patients with head and neck cancer who had panendoscopy prior to surgery.Setting: Teaching hospital, tertiary referral center.Subjects and Methods: All patients had white‐light inspection observed by ENT surgeons, followed by autofluorescence inspection of the head and neck tumor and surrounding area as well as the bronchus. Extra biopsies were taken from regions of abnormal fluorescence where there was no white‐light abnormality.Results: Sixty‐six patients were studied; mean age 64.9 ± 11 years. As a result of autofluorescence, 33 mucosal biopsies were taken from the head and neck and 37 from the bronchus. Histology included three carcinoma in situ lesions and four severe dysplasias. As a result of these autofluorescence biopsies, change of management occurred in four patients (6% of the total patients). Standard panendoscopy changed management in five patients. Therefore, standard panendoscopy led to change in management in only 55 percent of cases (CI 21%‐86%, P = 0.02), with the rest detected by autofluorescence.Conclusion: Adding autofluorescence to panendoscopy in patients with head and neck cancer changed management in a clinically significant number of patients.