bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intratumoral injection of taxol in vivo suppresses A549 tumor showing cytoplasmic vacuolization
Authors: Wang Chaoyang , Chen Tongsheng 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBased on our recent in vitro studies, this report was designed to explore the mechanism by which high concentration of taxol (70 µM) induced paraptosis‐like cell death in human lung carcinoma (A549) cells, and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of taxol using A549 tumor‐bearing mice in vivo. Exposure of cells to taxol induced time‐dependent cytotoxicity and cytoplasmic vacuolization without the involvement of Bax, Bak, Mcl‐1, Bcl‐XL, and caspase‐3. Although taxol treatment induced activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) cleavage indicative of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, silencing ATF6 by shATF6 did not prevent taxol‐induced both cytotoxcity and cytoplasmic vacuolization, suggesting that taxol‐induced cytoplasmic vacuolization and cell death were not due to ER stress. Moreover, taxol‐treated cells did not show DNA fragmentation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the typical characteristics of apoptosis. In addition, taxol‐induced cytoplasmic vacuolization did not show the cellular lysis, the characteristics of oncosis, and positive of β‐galactosidase, the characteristic of senescence, indicating that taxol induced paraptosis‐like cell death is neither oncosis nor senescence. Moreover, our in vivo data showed that intratumoral injection of taxol (50 mg/kg) in A549 tumor xenograft mice on day 1 and day 19 potently suppressed tumor growth showing significant ER vacuolization without toxicity. In conclusion, high concentration of taxol exhibits a significant anticancer activity by inducing paraptosis‐like cell death in vitro and in vivo, without significant toxicity, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy for apoptosis‐resistance cancer by inducing ER vacuolization. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1397–1406, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Random Poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐styrene) Brushes by ATRP to Create Neutral Surfaces for Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly
Authors: Liu Hui , O'Mahony Colm T. , Audouin Fabrice , Ventura Claudia , Morris Michael , Heise Andreas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRandom copolymer brushes of styrene and methyl methacrylate (MMA) on silicon wafers by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) are synthesized using CuCl/CuCl2/HMTETA. It is found that with increasing amount of styrene the thickness of the brush layer could no longer be well controlled by the amount of free (sacrificial) initiator in the reaction. At constant concentration of free initiator a constant thickness is obtained for various ratios of MMA to styrene. Within 30–70% MMA in the monomer feed the composition of the free polymer corresponds well to the monomer feed ratio, displaying a water contact angle in agreement with the theoretical value for a random copolymer. These copolymers are shown to create a neutral surface directing spin‐coated poly(styrene‐b‐MMA) into a perpendicular lamellae orientation.
Surface electromyography features in manual workers affected by carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Bonfiglioli Roberta , Botter Alberto , Calabrese Monica , Mussoni Patrizia , Violante Francesco S. , Merletti Roberto 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Alterations in surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle were evaluated in 24 non‐manual workers and 40 manual workers (25 asymptomatic and 15 reporting CTS symptoms). Methods: The initial value (IV) and the normalized rate of change (NRC) of average rectified value (ARV), mean frequency of the power spectrum (MNF), and muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) were calculated during contractions at 20% and 50% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Neuromuscular efficiency (NME) and kurtosis of the sEMG amplitude distribution were estimated. Results: With respect to controls, manual workers showed higher NME, lower ARV IV, and reduced myoelectric manifestations of fatigue (lower MNF NRC for both contraction levels, and lower MFCV NRC at 50% MVC). Kurtosis at 20% MVC showed higher values in symptomatic manual workers than in the other two groups. Conclusions: Kurtosis seems to be a promising parameter for use in monitoring individuals who develop CTS. Muscle Nerve 45: 873–882, 2012
Relative contribution of delaying senescence to growth compensation after defoliation
Authors: Dobarro Iker , Gazol Emérita , Peco Begoña 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDelaying senescence as a response to tissue losses has been reported in some studies, but there is no information about its influence in growth compensation. We performed a first test of the relative contribution of delaying senescence after defoliation to growth compensation in Dactylis glomerata L. by means of an iterative growth analysis modified to estimate tissue losses to senescent leaves. We show that Dactylis glomerata overcompensated for relative growth rate after defoliation, mainly by slowing down senescence, and to a lesser extent by increasing the newly assimilated mass allocated to leaves.
Position statement of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) on the value of antidepressants in the treatment of unipolar depression
Authors: Möller H.-J. , Bitter I. , Bobes J. , Fountoulakis K. , Höschl C. , Kasper S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis position statement will address in an evidence-based approach some of the important issues and controversies of current drug treatment of depression such as the efficacy of antidepressants, their effect on suicidality and their place in a complex psychiatric treatment strategy including psychotherapy. The efficacy of antidepressants is clinically relevant. The highest effect size was demonstrated for severe depression. Based on responder rates and based on double-blind placebo-controlled studies, the number needed to treat (NNT) is 5–7 for acute treatment and four for maintenance treatment. Monotherapy with one drug is often not sufficient and has to be followed by other antidepressants or by comedication/augmentation therapy approaches. Generally, antidepressants reduce suicidality, but under special conditions like young age or personality disorder, they can also increase suicidality. However, under the conditions of good clinical practice, the risk–benefit relationship of treatment with antidepressants can be judged as favourable also in this respect. The capacity of psychiatrists to individualise and optimise treatment decisions in terms of ‘the right drug/treatment for the right patient’ is still restricted since currently there are no sufficient powerful clinical or biological predictors which could help to achieve this goal. There is hope that in future pharmacogenetics will contribute significantly to a personalised treatment. With regard to plasma concentration, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a useful tool to optimize plasma levels therapeutic outcome. The ideal that all steps of clinical decision-making can be based on the strict rules of evidence-based medicine is far away from reality. Clinical experience so far still has a great impact.
Bundesideologie im Matthäusevangelium. Die Vorstellung vom neuen Bund als Grundlage der matthäischen Gesetzesverkündigung
Authors: Müller Mogens 
Published: December 2011

The prophetic concept of a new covenant appears to be the key to the question of how the Gospel of Matthew depicts the life of believers in obedience to the commandments of God. This is made possible by the fact that God forgives all sins and puts his Spirit in the hearts of people, so that they are enabled to fulfil his will. Even though the new covenant is hardly mentioned in Matthew's Gospel, that is because it is written to a community of baptized believers in which the new covenant is presupposed as the foundation of their Christian life. The essential obligation also to forgive others is stressed in 6.14–15 and in the parable of the unforgiving servant (18.23–35), and the necessity of heart-transformation can be seen besides in the Matthean use of the metaphor of the heart.
Social continuity and religious coexistence: the Muslim community of Tudela in Navarre before the expulsion of 1516
Authors: SOLARES CARLOS CONDE 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis article evaluates the presence of Muslim communities in the Kingdom of Navarre in the late Middle Ages. Following the Christian Reconquest of the Navarrese bank of the Ebro in 1119, a sizeable Muslim community remained in Christian territory until 1516. This article focuses on the fifteenth century, a period for which religious coexistence in the smallest of the Iberian Christian kingdoms is in need of further contextualisation. An analysis of existing scholarship and new archival evidence throws light on the economic activities of the Muslims in Tudela as well as on their relationship with the Navarrese monarchy, their collective identity, their legal systems and their relationships not only with their Christian and Jewish neighbours, but also with other Iberian Muslim communities including those of Al Andalus, or Moorish Iberia.
Catastrophes and Insurance Stocks – A Benchmarking Approach for Measuring Efficiency
Authors: West Jason 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study uses the numeraire portfolio to benchmark insurance stock returns as a natural measure for detecting abnormal insurance stock returns from catastrophic events. The assumptions underlying the efficient markets hypothesis using a numeraire denominated returns approach hold for catastrophic insurance events whereas other more traditional methods such as the market model and Fama-French three factor model often fail, typically due to the accumulation of estimation errors. We construct a portfolio of Australian insurance firms and observe the market reaction to major insured catastrophic events. Using the numeraire denominated returns approach we observe no particular trend in the cumulative abnormal returns of insurance securities following a catastrophic event. Using both the traditional market model and the Fama-French three factor model however, we observe significantly positive cumulative abnormal returns following an insured catastrophic event. The errors inherent in the market model and three factor model for event studies are shown to be eliminated using the numeraire denominated returns approach.
Selbstverletzendes Verhalten
Authors: Petermann Franz 
Published: December 2011

Selbstverletzendes Verhalten (z. B. sich schneiden und ritzen) kommt bei Kindern ab 12 Jahre relativ häufig vor. Oft handelt es sich um den Ausdruck einer psychischen Störung oder von massiven sozialen Belastungen, wobei ganz unterschiedliche Motive für solch ein Verhalten angegeben werden. Obwohl zahlreiche Studien und Übersichtsarbeiten zum Thema vorliegen, bestehen nach wie vor Unstimmigkeiten hinsichtlich der Definition und der diagnostischen Einordnung. Aufgrund der hohen Prävalenzzahlen im Jugendalter rücken schulbasierte Präventionsansätze vermehrt in den Fokus.
Influence of Incision Location on Transmitter Loss, Healing, Survival, Growth, and Suture Retention of Juvenile Chinook Salmon
Authors: Panther Jennifer L. , Brown Richard S. , Gaulke Greg L. , Deters Katherine A. , Woodley Christa M. , Eppard M. Brad 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFisheries research involving surgical implantation of transmitters necessitates the use of methods that minimize transmitter loss and fish mortality and optimize healing of the incision. We evaluated the effects of three incision locations on transmitter loss, healing, survival, growth, and suture retention in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. The three incision locations were (1) on the linea alba (LA incision), (2) adjacent and parallel to the LA (muscle‐cutting [MC] incision), and (3) extending from the LA towards the dorsum at a 45° angle, between the parallel lines of myomeres (muscle‐sparing [MS] incision). A Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System acoustic transmitter (0.44 g in air) and a passive integrated transponder tag (0.10 g in air) were implanted into each fish (total N = 936 fish). The fish were held at 12°C or 20°C and were examined weekly for 98 d. The progression of healing among incision locations and the variability in transmitter loss made it difficult to identify one incision location as the best choice. The LA incisions had a much smaller wound extent (area of visible subepidermal tissue) than MC and MS incisions during the first 28 d of the study. In both temperature treatments, apposition of incisions through day 14 was better for LA incisions than for MC and MS incisions. However, MC and MS incisions were less likely than LA incisions to reopen over time and thus were less likely to allow transmitter loss through the incision.
A system for measuring surface roughness by total integrated scattering
Authors: Mazule L , Liukaityte S , Eckardt R C , Melninkaitis A , Balachninaite O , Sirutkaitis V 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
A system for measurement of surface roughness based on total integrated scattering at 532 and 355 nm is built and demonstrated. Surfaces up to 25 mm × 25 mm are scanned in 6 min with a spatial resolution of 0.4 mm. Careful attention to reducing stray light and purging the measurement chamber with filtered air allow scattering resolution better than 10−5. Surface roughness measurements better than 1 nm RMS are demonstrated and confirmed by comparison measurements with an atomic-force microscope.
N-3-Oxo-Decanoyl-l-Homoserine-Lactone Activates Auxin-Induced Adventitious Root Formation via Hydrogen Peroxide- and Nitric Oxide-Dependent Cyclic GMP Signaling in Mung Bean
Authors: Bai Xuegui , Todd Christopher D. , Desikan Radhika , Yang Yongping , Hu Xiangyang 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
N-Acyl-homoserine-lactones (AHLs) are bacterial quorum-sensing signaling molecules that regulate population density. Recent evidence demonstrates their roles in plant defense responses and root development. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), and cyclic GMP (cGMP) are essential messengers that participate in various plant physiological processes, but how these messengers modulate the plant response to N-acyl-homoserine-lactone signals remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the N-3-oxo-decanoyl-homoserine-lactone (3-O-C10-HL), in contrast to its analog with an unsubstituted branch chain at the C3 position, efficiently stimulated the formation of adventitious roots and the expression of auxin-response genes in explants of mung bean (Vigna radiata) seedlings. This response was mimicked by the exogenous application of auxin, H2O2, NO, or cGMP homologs but suppressed by treatment with scavengers or inhibitors of H2O2, NO, or cGMP metabolism. The 3-O-C10-HL treatment enhanced auxin basipetal transport; this effect could be reversed by treatment with H2O2 or NO scavengers but not by inhibitors of cGMP synthesis. Inhibiting 3-O-C10-HL-induced H2O2 or NO accumulation impaired auxin- or 3-O-C10-HL-induced cGMP synthesis; however, blocking cGMP synthesis did not affect auxin- or 3-O-C10-HL-induced H2O2 or NO generation. Additionally, cGMP partially rescued the inhibitory effect of H2O2 or NO scavengers on 3-O-C10-HL-induced adventitious root development and auxin-response gene expression. These results suggest that 3-O-C10-HL, unlike its analog with an unmodified branch chain at the C3 position, can accelerate auxin-dependent adventitious root formation, possibly via H2O2- and NO-dependent cGMP signaling in mung bean seedlings.
Persuading library use in technologically structured individuals
Authors: Ferebee Susan , Wayne Davis James 
Published: December 2011

PurposeRecent neuroscience research demonstrates that individuals born after 1980 (technologically structured individuals (TSI)) differ in brain structure from individuals born before 1980 (non‐technologically structured individuals (NTSI), due to intense technology exposure from early ages. This preliminary research seeks to view persuasion through the lens of neuroscience and to apply the concepts to persuasive technology, specifically persuasive technology that can leverage the resurgent interest in library use by younger generations.Design/methodology/approachA descriptive, correlative, quantitative study is used to explore how TSIs and NTSIs differ in their perceptions of libraries and in their responses to persuasive stimuli that might be employed to engage them in increased library use. An online survey was administered to a sample of 310 internet users between the ages of 18‐70.FindingsThe study found that there are small but important differences in TSI and NTSI perceptions of libraries and librarians. Additionally, three factors emerge about TSIs that are relevant to persuasion and persuasive technology: TSIs are rapid cycle processors of audio and visual stimulus; TSIs perceive and utilize time differently than NTSIs; and immediacy is the norm for TSIs.Research limitations/implicationsLibrary users who do not use computers or the internet were excluded.Practical implicationsAs librarians take responsibility for promoting library resources and their own expertise, they may find their role moving from information providers to mentors who empower library users as independent researchers. Currently a quiet place for research, the future library may become an interactive learning environment. Persuasive technology designers must consider the unique characteristics of TSIs in order to implement effective persuasive techniques.Originality/valueThis study is original in applying the neuroscience lens to persuasion, and specifically to persuasion related to library users and improved engagement and library use.
Development, assessment and use of an on‐line plagiarism tutorial
Authors: Kate Kellum Karen , Mark Amy E. , Riley‐Huff Debra A. 
Published: December 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to share with the wider academic community an example of one tool developed locally that can be a successful part of any institution's arsenal on the war against plagiarism.Design/methodology/approachOver the course of a year, the committee scripted, filmed, and edited the video portion of the tutorial. The assessment portion of the tutorial (an eight‐question quiz drawn from a pool of 40 questions) was developed and refined in a series of pilot tests.FindingsMore than 80 percent of the 2,097 students who have completed the tutorial have correctly answered the question presented for seven of the eight outcomes.Practical implicationsThis paper presents a method for integrating information literacy into the wider university community. The paper discusses a practical, effective method for teaching students about the ethical use of information.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is the demonstration of one method of educating students on the issue of plagiarism and how information literacy standards can be integrated into the curriculum and centralized through administrative and faculty support.
Round two of FATCA Guidance: Notice 2011‐34: what's new and what remains on the wish list for non‐US investment funds
Authors: Baker Adrienne M. 
Published: December 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight areas of particular interest to non‐US investment funds in the second installment of the US Treasury Department's written guidance under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA).Design/methodology/approachThe paper explains the background to FATCA and the Treasury Department's guidance on procedures for identifying US accounts among pre‐existing individual accounts, “pass‐thru payments” to “recalcitrant account holders” or non‐compliant foreign financial institutions (FFIs), FFIs deemed to be FATCA‐compliant, and centralized compliance options for certain affiliated groups of FFIs; explains next steps and offers future guidance.FindingsFATCA was enacted in March 2010 to ensure that there is no gap in the ability of the US government to determine the ownership of US assets in foreign accounts and to prevent offshore tax abuses by US persons – in particular to prevent a US person from escaping US tax liability by owning US assets through foreign accounts.Practical implicationsVarious industry groups are expected to press Treasury for guidance that would alleviate the FATCA burdens on widely held investment vehicles and funds that prohibit investment by reportable US account holders. In the interim, non‐US funds should begin to decide whether to permit reportable US account holders and to determine who will be responsible for performing the due diligence required to identify US account holders.Originality/valueThe paper provides practical guidance from experienced financial services lawyers.
Validation of microcontroller codes: an architecture oriented approach
Authors: Chacko Mariamma , Poulose Jacob K. 
Published: December 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe an approach towards code validation of RISC microcontrollers, which helps to automate software debugging. A static machine code analysis which checks the appropriateness of instructions in a sequence to identify any logical mistakes and also to identify redundant codes appearing in a program for the target processor is presented.Design/methodology/approachValidation is done with the help of rules of inferences formulated for the target processor. The rules govern the occurrence of illegitimate/out of place instructions and code sequences for executing the computational and integrated peripheral functions. The stipulated rules are encoded in propositional logic formulae and their compliance is tested in all possible execution paths of the application programs. An incorrect sequence of machine code pattern is identified using slicing techniques on the control flow graph generated from machine code.FindingsThe results explain that the technique is independent of compiler/assembler and contributes to early detection of software bugs that are otherwise hard to detect. Program states are identified mainly with machine code pattern, which drastically reduces the state space creation contributing to an improved state‐of‐the‐art model checking.Research limitations/implicationsThough the technique described is general, the implementation is highly architecture oriented, and hence the feasibility study is conducted only on PIC16F87X microcontrollers.Practical implicationsThis validation tool can be integrated to the system development environment resulting in improved software quality and reduced debugging time.Originality/valueIt is a novel and original approach at machine code level applicable to a wide range of processors once appropriate rules are available.
Crack propagation in buckling plates: test results and a simplified numerical approach
Authors: Bierbaum Julia , Horst Peter 
Published: December 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the first results of tests where cracks lie in the tension field of a shear forced aluminium panel. The paper's main focus is on the crack propagation behavior and possible 3D‐effects caused by the bending of the plate. A simplified numerical approach is presented to confirm the observed phenomena.Design/methodology/approachExperiments have been performed to investigate the influence of buckling on accidental damages. A simplified numerical approach is presented and compared to the experimental results.FindingsIt can be shown that the crack propagates due to buckling of the plate. The principal stress of the neutral axis of the plate has significant influence on the crack propagation.Originality/valueInvestigations of stability problems and damage tolerance behavior of metallic structures have been realized but mainly separately. This paper shows that cracks propagate due to buckling and that both phenomena influence one another considering accidental damages. The paper presents the first experimental and numerical results of cracked aluminium panels subjected to cyclic shear load.