bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracheal autotransplantation: Guidelines for optimal functional outcome
Authors: Delaere Pierre R. , Vranckx Jan J. , Dooms Christophe , Meulemans Jeroen , Hermans Robert 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Tracheal autotransplants can repair extensive hemilaryngectomy defects. This technique was introduced into the clinic some 10 years ago as a means of avoiding the mutilation of a total laryngectomy in selected patients with laryngeal cancer. Our goal was to give the morphometric guidelines that guarantee an optimal functional outcome.Study Design:Retrospective case study.Methods:We morphometrically evaluated the structure and function of the larynx after autotransplantation. The close anatomic relationship between the larynx and the trachea made it possible to perform a morphometric analysis of the defect and the repair tissue before and after transplantation. Computed tomography images were used to measure the laryngeal and tracheal airway lumen and the length and width of the tracheal autotransplant. A 4‐cm long cartilaginous tracheal transplant was available for reconstruction.Results:Laryngeal repair was achieved with optimal restoration of the airway lumen at all laryngeal levels. We used the maximal amount of trachea that might reasonably be available for autotransplantation. This optimal morphologic repair led to the restoration of speech, swallowing, and respiratory functions.Conclusions:This study highlights a standardized approach for repairing a hemilaryngeal defect and selecting the appropriate amount of repair tissue. A unique characteristic of vascularized cartilaginous trachea is that it restores the airway lumen after extensive hemilaryngectomy. Tracheal autotransplantation should be included in the armamentarium of reconstructive laryngeal procedures.
Coprevalence of tremor with spasmodic dysphonia
Authors: White Laura J. , Klein Adam M. , Hapner Edie R. , Delgaudio John M. , Hanfelt John J. , Jinnah Hyder A. , Johns Michael M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The aim of this study was to define the coprevalence of tremor with spasmodic dysphonia (SD).Study Design:A single‐institution, prospective, case‐control study was performed from May 2010 to July 2010.Methods:Consecutive patients with SD (cases) and other voice disorders (controls) were enrolled prospectively. Each participant underwent a voice evaluation and an evaluation for tremor.Results:There were 146 voice disorder controls and 128 patients with SD enrolled. Of patients with SD 26% had vocal tremor, 21% had nonvocal tremor. Patients with SD were 2.8 times more likely to have coprevalent tremor than the control group (odds ratio = 2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.55‐5.08), and only 35% of patients with SD had been seen by a neurologist for the evaluation of dystonia and tremor.Conclusions:Tremor is highly prevalent in patients with SD. It is important for each patient diagnosed with SD to undergo an evaluation for tremor, and this is especially important in patients diagnosed with vocal tremor.
Poly(methyl malate) Nanoparticles: Formation, Degradation, and Encapsulation of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Lanz‐Landázuri Alberto , García‐Alvarez Montserrat , Portilla‐Arias José , Martínez de Ilarduya Antxon , Patil Rameshwar , Holler Eggehard , Ljubimova Julia Y. , Muñoz‐Guerra Sebastián 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPMLA nanoparticles with diameters of 150–250 nm are prepared, and their hydrolytic degradation is studied under physiological conditions. Degradation occurs by hydrolysis of the side chain methyl ester followed by cleavage of the main‐chain ester group with methanol and L‐malic acid as the final degradation products. No alteration of the cell viability is found after 1 h of incubation, but toxicity increases significantly after 3 d, probably due to the noxious effect of the released methanol. Anticancer drugs temozolomide and doxorubicin are encapsulated in the NPs with 20–40% efficiency, and their release is monitored using in vitro essays. Temozolomide is fully liberated within several hours, whereas doxorubicin is steadily released from the particles over a period of 1 month.magnified image
Effect of Replicated Polymeric Substrate with Lotus Surface Structure on Adipose‐Derived Stem Cell Behaviors
Authors: Cha Kyoung Je , Park Kwang‐Sook , Kang Sun‐Woong , Cha Byung‐Hyun , Lee Bong‐Kee , Han In‐Bo , Shin Dong Ah , Kim Dong Sung , Lee Soo‐Hong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe fabricated polystyrene substrates with lotus leaf surface structure (LLSS) and investigated cell behaviors, including attachment, morphology, proliferation, and differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) on them. Compared to the flat substrate, the LLSS substrate induced higher cell attachment rate, but did not significantly change the cell proliferation rate. In addition, ASCs on the LLSS substrate exhibited relatively narrower spreading morphology and less organized cytoskeleton, there by resulting in smaller sizes of cells than those on the flat substrate. According to histochemical staining and RT‐PCR analysis, the LLSS substrate induced higher adipogenic differentiation of ASCs than the flat substrate, while chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation were decreased.magnified image
In vitro Degradation of Poly[(L‐lactide)‐co‐(trimethylene carbonate)] Copolymers and a Composite with Poly[(L‐lactide)‐co‐glycolide] Fibers as Cardiovascular Stent Material
Authors: Han Yaru , Fan Zhongyong , Lu Zhiqian , Zhang Yong , Li Suming 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTMC/LLA copolymers with several TMC/LLA ratios are synthesized and a composite is obtained by reinforcing with short PLGA fibers. In vitro degradation is studied at 37 °C in pH = 7.4 buffer and compared with a PLLA homopolymer. The degradation of the copolymers appears slower than that of PLLA, showing that TMC units are more resistant to hydrolysis than LLA. Compositional changes indicate a preferential degradation of LLA units as compared to TMC ones. Morphological changes with crystallization of degradation by‐products are observed. The composite degrades much faster than the neat copolymer and PLLA because the faster degradation of PLGA fibers speeds up the degradation of the matrix. The composite appears promising for the fabrication of totally bioresorbable stents.magnified image
A New Strategy to Prepare Polymer‐based Shape Memory Elastomers
Authors: Song Shijie , Feng Jiachun , Wu Peiyi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA new strategy that utilizes the microphase separation of block copolymer and phase transition of small molecules for preparing polymer‐based shape memory elastomer has been proposed. According to this strategy, a novel kind of shape memory elastomer comprising styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene (SEBS) and paraffin has been prepared. Because paraffins are midblock‐selective molecules for SEBS, they will preferentially enter and swell EB blocks supporting paraffins as an excellent switch phase for shape memory effect. Microstructures of SEBS/paraffin composites have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy, polarized light microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The composites demonstrate various phase morphologies with regard to different paraffin loading. It has been found that under low paraffin loading, all the paraffins precisely embed in and swell EB‐rich domains. While under higher loading, part of the paraffins become free and a larger‐scaled phase separation has been observed. However, within wide paraffin loadings, all composites show good shape fixing, shape recovery performances, and improved tensile properties. Compared to the reported methods for shape memory elastomers preparation, this method not only simplifies the fabrication procedure from raw materials to processing but also offers a controllable approach for the optimization of shape memory properties as well as balancing the rigidity and softness of the material.magnified image
Radiohalogenated nonnatural amino acids as PET and SPECT tumor imaging agents
Authors: McConathy Jonathan , Yu Weiping , Jarkas Nachwa , Seo Wonewoo , Schuster David M. , Goodman Mark M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRadiohalogenated α‐amino acids are a diverse and useful class tumor imaging agents suitable for positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography. These tracers target the increased rates of amino acid transport exhibited by many tumor cells. The most established clinical use for radiolabeled amino acids is imaging primary and recurrent gliomas, and there is growing evidence that they may also be useful for other oncologic applications, including neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer. This review focuses on the synthesis, radiolabeling, and preclinical evaluation of three series of nonnatural radiohalogenated amino acids: alicyclic, α,α‐dialkyl, and 1H‐[1,2,3]triazole amino acids which target system L, system A, and cationic amino acid transport systems, respectively.   © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev., 32, No. 4, 868‐905, 2012
Equivalent stress approach in modelling unsaturated soils
Authors: Sołowski W. T. , Sloan S. W. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThis article presents an equivalent stress approach that can be used in many elastoplastic constitutive models for unsaturated soils. The use of the equivalent stress leads to a modified yield locus that is independent of the suction. In addition, the equivalent stress becomes the major stress variable, with suction required only as an additional variable in calculations. The model on the basis of equivalent stress predicts exactly the same soil behaviour, with the sole difference being the use of equivalent stress instead of original stress variables. This article also presents the equivalent stress formulations of several constitutive models for unsaturated soils, including the Barcelona Basic Model. The predictions from these models remain unchanged, with the only difference being in their implementation. Finally, the equivalent stress approach and the net stress approach are compared for the Barcelona Basic Model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time integrators based on approximate discontinuous Hamiltonians
Authors: Dharmaraja Sohan , Kesari Haneesh , Darve Eric , Lew Adrian J. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYWe introduce a class of time integration algorithms for finite dimensional mechanical systems whose Hamiltonians are separable. By partitioning the system's configuration space to construct an approximate potential energy, we define an approximate discontinuous Hamiltonian (ADH) whose resulting equations of motion can be solved exactly. The resulting integrators are symplectic and precisely conserve the approximate energy, which by design is always close to the exact one. We then propose two ADH algorithms for finite element discretizations of nonlinear elastic bodies. These result in two classes of explicit asynchronous time integrators that are scalable and, because they conserve the approximate Hamiltonian, could be considered to be unconditionally stable in some circumstances. In addition, these integrators can naturally incorporate frictionless contact conditions. We discuss the momentum conservation properties of the resulting methods and demonstrate their performance with several problems, such as rotating bodies and multiple collisions of bodies with rigid boundaries. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overview of the discontinuous enrichment method, the ultra‐weak variational formulation, and the partition of unity method for acoustic scattering in the medium frequency regime and performance comparisons
Authors: Wang Dalei , Tezaur Radek , Toivanen Jari , Farhat Charbel 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThe efficient finite element discretization of the Helmholtz equation becomes challenging in the medium frequency regime because of numerical dispersion, or what is often referred to in the literature as the pollution effect. A number of FEMs with plane wave basis functions have been proposed to alleviate this effect, and improve on the unsatisfactory preasymptotic convergence of the polynomial FEM. These include the partition of unity method, the ultra‐weak variational formulation, and the discontinuous enrichment method. A previous comparative study of the performance of such methods focused on the first two aforementioned methods only. By contrast, this paper provides an overview of all three methods and compares several aspects of their performance for an acoustic scattering benchmark problem in the medium frequency regime. It is found that the discontinuous enrichment method outperforms both the partition of unity method and the ultra‐weak variational formulation by a significant margin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short echo time single voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis and characterisation of pineal tumours in children
Authors: Harris Lisa M. , Davies Nigel P. , Wilson Shaun , MacPherson Lesley , Natarajan Kal , English Martin W. , Brundler Marie‐Anne , Arvanitis Theodoros N. , Grundy Richard G. , Peet Andrew C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been successful in characterising a range of brain tumours and is a useful aid to non‐invasive diagnosis. The pineal region poses considerable surgical challenges and a major surgical resection is not required in the management of all tumours. Improved non‐invasive assessment of pineal region tumours would be of considerable benefit.MethodsSingle voxel MRS (TE 30 ms, TR 1500, 1.5 T) was performed on 15 pineal tumours: 5 germinomas, 1 non‐germinomatous secreting germ cell tumour (GCT), 2 teratomas, 5 pineoblastomas, 1 pineal parenchymal tumour (PPT) of intermediate differentiation and 1 pineocytoma. Two germinomas outside the pineal gland were also studied. Metabolite, lipid and macromolecule concentrations were determined with LCModel™.ResultsGerm cell tumours had significantly higher lipid and macromolecule concentrations than other tumours (t‐test; P < 0.05). The teratomas had significantly lower total choline and creatine levels than germinomas (z test; P < 0.05). Taurine was convincingly detected in germinomas as well as PPTs.ConclusionsMagnetic resonance spectroscopy is useful for characterising pineal region tumours, aiding the non‐invasive diagnosis and giving additional biological insight. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 972–977. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intralesional interferon‐α for the treatment of bilateral conjunctival mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: Holds John , Buchanan Adam , Hanson Robin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe describe a case of bilateral conjunctival mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in a 14‐year‐old female treated with intralesional interferon‐α. Interferon‐α‐2b was injected three times a week for 6 weeks, then once weekly for 12 weeks. Marked tumor reduction was observed by week 5 of treatment, with complete resolution by week 8. There was no sign of recurrence through 27 months of follow‐up. Intralesional interferon‐α was an effective treatment for this unusual case of conjunctival MALT lymphoma in a very young female. It presents an attractive alternative to traditional treatment modalities in this patient population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 176–178. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Red blood cell transfusion in pediatric patients with severe chronic anemia: How slow is necessary?
Authors: Agrawal Anurag K. , Hsu Edmund , Quirolo Keith , Neumayr Lynne D. , Flori Heidi R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHistoric practice recommends slow transfusion for children with chronic anemia and hemoglobin less than 5.0 g/dl due to the theoretical risk of transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO). In our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), we have been utilizing a more liberal transfusion practice in patients without underlying cardiopulmonary disease, and a faster transfusion rate appears safe in this population. Rate of transfusion must be based on multiple factors including convenience, timeliness of procedures and transport to an appropriate care facility, risk of alloimmunization and wastage of blood, stress for the family, and need for PICU monitoring. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 466–468. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blood pressure and body composition in long‐term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Veringa Susanna J.E. , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , Kaspers Gertjan J.L. , Veening Margreet A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood are at increased risk of late effects of cancer treatment, among which are cardiovascular sequelae. Purpose of this study was to assess blood pressure and body composition in childhood ALL survivors and compare data to reference values from the general population.ProcedureThis single‐center retrospective study included 68 survivors of childhood ALL with a median age of 25 years (range 16.4–39.5) and a median follow‐up of 16.0 years (range 5.3–30.4). Data on previous treatment, blood pressure and measurements of weight and height at diagnosis and at long‐term follow‐up (from which body mass index (BMI) was calculated) were obtained from medical records. All data were converted to control‐referenced standard deviation scores.ResultsOf the ALL survivors 48½% were prehypertensive and 22.1% were hypertensive. Both the mean systolic (mean SDS 0.736, P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (mean SDS 0.409, P < 0.001) of survivors was significantly higher compared to reference control values. Based on BMI values, 38.2% of the survivors were considered overweight/obese and females, in contrast to males had a significantly higher BMI (mean SDS 1.355, P < 0.001) compared to reference values. In addition, females who had received cranial radiotherapy (mean SDS 2.078) had a significantly higher BMI than females who had not (mean SDS 0.512) (P = 0.009).ConclusionsBoth diastolic and systolic blood pressure are significantly increased in survivors of childhood ALL. Female survivors treated with cranial radiation therapy have the highest prevalence and greatest risk of overweight/obesity. Therefore, survivors of childhood ALL are likely to be at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life, which stresses the need for follow‐up and adequate medical and/or life style interventions. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 278–282. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of treatment reduction for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia on serum immunoglobulins and antibodies against vaccine‐preventable diseases
Authors: van Tilburg Cornelis M. , Bierings Marc B. , Berbers Guy A.M. , Wolfs Tom F.W. , Pieters Rob , Bloem Andries C. , Sanders Elisabeth A.M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe consequences of current intensive chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) for immune defense are a matter of concern. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of reduced compared with intensive (conventional) ALL chemotherapy on serum immunoglobulin levels and specific antibody concentrations against vaccine‐preventable diseases.ProcedurePatients treated according to Dutch Childhood Oncology Group ALL 10 protocol were stratified by minimal residual disease to receive reduced (standard risk; SR) or intensive (medium risk; MR) intensification/maintenance treatment. Between November 2004 and July 2009 we compared serum immunoglobulins of 110 patients and specific antibodies against diphtheria toxin, tetanus toxin, and Bordetella pertussis antigens of 41 patients of SR and MR groups during chemotherapy.ResultsImmunoglobulin levels showed significantly different patterns between the SR and MR groups. In the MR group IgG, IgA, and IgM levels decreased towards the end of intensive treatment; in the SR group IgG levels increased while IgA and IgM stabilized. In both groups IgM and IgG levels were most affected. Specific antibody levels against vaccine‐preventable diseases decreased in both groups, but more profound in MR group.ConclusionsAlthough reduced chemotherapy is beneficial for immunoglobulin level recovery and might prevent susceptibility for infections, specific antibodies remain decreased. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 701–707. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A two‐event In vitro model of acute chest syndrome: The role of secretory phospholipase A2 and neutrophils
Authors: Ball J. Bradley , Khan Samina Y. , McLaughlin Nathan J.D. , Kelher Marguerite R. , Nuss Rachelle , Cole Laura , Liang Xiayuan , Silliman Christopher C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundAcute chest syndrome (ACS) in sickle cell disease is associated with elevation of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). We hypothesize that sPLA2 cleaves membrane lipids from sickled red blood cells (RBCs) causing PMN‐mediated endothelial cell injury (ECI) as the second event in a two‐event model.MethodsWhole blood was collected from children when in steady state or daily during admissions for vaso‐occlusive pain (VOC) or ACS. The plasma and RBCs were separated, sPLA2 levels were measured, and the RBCs were incubated with sPLA2. Plasma and lipids, extracted from the plasma or the supernatant of sPLA2‐treated RBCs, were assayed for PMN priming activity and used as the second event in a model of PMN‐mediated ECI. Phosphatidylserine (PS) surface expression on RBCs was quantified by flow cytometry.ResultsIncreased sPLA2‐IIa levels were associated with ACS. SPLA2‐liberated lipids from VOC and the plasma, plasma lipids and sPLA2‐liberated lipids from ACS primed PMNs and caused PMN‐mediated ECI (P < 0.01). RBCs from VOC had increased in PS surface expression versus steady state.ConclusionsACS plasma and lipids and sPLA2‐released lipids from RBCs during VOC or ACS induce PMN‐mediated ECI. VOC elicited increases in PS surface expression providing a membrane substrate for sPLA2 lysis of sickle RBCs. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 399–405. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insights on neoplastic stem cells from gel‐based proteomics of childhood germ cell tumors
Authors: Haskins William E. , Eedala Sruthi , Avinash Jadhav Y.L. , Labhan Manbir S. , Pericherla Vidya C. , Perlman Elizabeth J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundChildhood germ cell tumors (cGCTs), believed to arise from transformed primordial germ cells by an unknown mechanism, provide a unique model system for investigating cell signaling, pluripotency, and the microenvironment of neoplastic stem cells (NSCs) in vivo. This is the first report of proteomics of cGCTs.ProcedureFour dysgerminomas (DYSs) and four childhood endodermal sinus tumors (cESTs), resembling self‐renewing and differentiating NSCs, respectively, were selected. Proteomic studies were performed by 2‐DE, SDS–PAGE, and cLC/MS/MS with protein database searching.Results2‐DE: 9 of 941 spots were differentially regulated with greater than a twofold change in spot volume for at least three of four gels in each group. Two of nine spots had P values for the t‐test analysis of comparisons less than 0.001, while the remaining spots had P values from 0.013 to 0.191. Top‐ranked proteins were identified in nine of nine spots with 4.0–38% sequence coverage. APOA1, CRK, and PDIA3 were up‐regulated in cESTs. TFG, TYMP, VCP, RBBP, FKBP4, and BiP were up‐regulated in DYSs. SDS–PAGE: Up‐regulation of NF45 and FKBP4 was observed in four of four cESTs and DYSs, respectively. The fold‐changes observed correspond with characteristic genetic changes.ConclusionDifferential regulation of FKBP4 and NF45, combined with previous research on immunosuppressant binding, suggests that glucocorticoid receptor signaling merits further investigation in cGCTs and NSCs. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 722–728. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.