bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategy evolution in Central and Eastern European pharmaceutical firms 1992–2005
Authors: Langley Amanda , Fallon Grahame , Kakabadse Nada K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSince the early 1990s the CEE markets have undergone a major transition. This has led to changes in ownership for many indigenous firms as they moved from state to private control.This paper contributes to a gap in existing knowledge by developing understanding of how the realized strategic actions of these firms evolved. In order to contribute to this gap, evolution theory is applied to address the research question: ‘How did the strategic actions of indigenous pharmaceutical firms evolve as the CEE region developed from a planned to a market economy?’This is achieved through longitudinal mapping of the strategic actions realized by firms, comparison of patterns in temporal strategy development, together with identification of factors that appear to have influenced this strategic change process. Using a qualitative research design the paper explores and compares how the realized strategic actions of LEK, Richter, and Pliva evolved from 1992–2005.The findings highlight a range of factors that had the potential to impact upon the strategic process for these firms. The research also shows that although there were some similarities in the strategic actions realized by the firms, in overall terms each firm packaged its realized strategic actions in a unique way.Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing privatizations in the telecommunications sector
Authors: Karamanis Kostas 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Until the 1980s the structure of the telecommunications sector was monopolistic. In almost all developed countries the sector was dominated by a government‐owned organization managing the telecommunication network and exclusively providing telecommunication services. However, the rapid growth of telecommunications in the last two decades has led to the need for structural changes.

These changes include, among others, the progressive liberalization of the sector, the establishment of a regulatory framework, and the privatization of government‐owned telecommunication organizations (PTOs).

The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of the existing relevant literature and to estimate the effect of privatization on the corporate governance of telecommunication organizations.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of physical properties of Al2TiO5‐based ceramics containing micro and nano size oxide additives by using artificial neural network. Vorhersage der physikalischen Eigenschaften von Al2TiO5‐basierenden Keramiken mit Mikro‐ und Nanoadditiven mittels künstlicher neuronaler Netze
Authors: Shokuhfar A. , Samani M. N. , Naserifar N. , Heidary P. , Naderi G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRecently, artificial neural networks (ANN) are being used as an interdisciplinary tool in many applications. There are various training algorithms used in neural network applications. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of various training algorithms on the learning performance of the neural networks in the prediction and modeling of the effect of micron and nano size oxide material additives on reaction sintering and physical properties of Al2TiO5‐based ceramics. Aluminum‐titanate (tialite) based ceramics have found widespread applications due to their good thermal shock resistance and low thermal expansion. Eutectoid decomposition in the initial oxides and low mechanical strength limit the well‐known properties of aluminum‐titanate. In the present work, first, good stabilizing behavior was achieved by addition of micron size talc and appropriate properties were obtained by adding nano boehmite and colloidal silica that result in mullite phase formation. Then, the effect of the weight percentages of these different additives and also the temperature on the bulk density was predicted with four different training algorithms using a back‐propagation neural network. The training sets for the neural network were selected from experimental results. After training ANN, a regression analysis was used to check the system accuracy for each training algorithm. In conclusion, Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) learning algorithm gave the best prediction for the bulk density behavior of Al2TiO5 based ceramics. The response surfaces between the response variables, i.e. weight percent of additives and temperature of the tialite and the processing parameter are presented. The trained artificial neural network can be used for optimizing the sintering process of Al2TiO5‐based ceramics.
Sequence context‐specific mutagenesis and base excision repair
Authors: Donigan Katherine A. , Sweasy Joann B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBase excision repair (BER) is critical for the maintenance of genome stability because it repairs at least 20,000 endogenously generated DNA lesions/cell/d. Several enzymes within the BER pathway exhibit sequence context dependency during the excision and DNA synthesis steps of repair. New evidence is emerging that germ line and tumor‐associated variants of enzymes in this repair pathway exhibit sequence context dependence that is different from their ancestral counterparts. We review what is known about the ancestral and variant BER proteins within various sequence contexts. We suggest that altering the sequence context preferences of BER proteins could give rise to rare cellular variants that might have a selective advantage in response to environmental exposure or to the tumor microenvironment. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Every microsatellite is different: Intrinsic DNA features dictate mutagenesis of common microsatellites present in the human genome
Authors: Eckert Kristin A. , Hile Suzanne E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMicrosatellite sequences are ubiquitous in the human genome and are important regulators of genome function. Here, we examine the mutational mechanisms governing the stability of highly abundant mono‐, di‐, and tetranucleotide microsatellites. Microsatellite mutation rate estimates from pedigree analyses and experimental models range from a low of ∼10−6 to a high of ∼10−2 mutations per locus per generation. The vast majority of observed mutational variation can be attributed to features intrinsic to the allele itself, including motif size, length, and sequence composition. A greater than linear relationship between motif length and mutagenesis has been observed in several model systems. Motif sequence differences contribute up to 10‐fold to the variation observed in human cell mutation rates. The major mechanism of microsatellite mutagenesis is strand slippage during DNA synthesis. DNA polymerases produce errors within microsatellites at a frequency that is 10‐ to 100‐fold higher than the frequency of frameshifts in coding sequences. Motif sequence significantly affects both polymerase error rate and specificity, resulting in strand biases within complementary microsatellites. Importantly, polymerase errors within microsatellites include base substitutions, deletions, and complex mutations, all of which produced interrupted alleles from pure microsatellites. Postreplication mismatch repair efficiency is affected by microsatellite motif size and sequence, also contributing to the observed variation in microsatellite mutagenesis. Inhibition of DNA synthesis within common microsatellites is highly sequence‐dependent, and is positively correlated with the production of errors. DNA secondary structure within common microsatellites can account for some DNA polymerase pause sites, and may be an important factor influencing mutational specificity. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sciatic nerve injection palsy in the child: Early microsurgical treatment and long‐term results
Authors: Senes Filippo M. , Campus Riccardo , Becchetti Flavio , Catena Nunzio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSciatic nerve injury caused by intramuscular injection in the gluteal region in the child seems as a sensory‐motor palsy of the lower limb of variable degree. In preterm children or in children with severe perinatal distress, requiring intensive care, a drop foot is often missed or misdiagnosed as a malformative clubfoot or late diagnosed. Intramuscular drug injection (mainly antibiotics) during early infancy is another cause of injury. There are very few literature reports on postinjection trauma and on therapeutic indications in the child. The Authors report their experience in early microsurgical exploration of the sciatic nerve. From 1990 to 2004, we observed at different times from diagnosis 17 children with sciatic nerve palsy following intramuscular injection. Nine of them underwent nerve exploration surgery in the gluteal region (neurolysis in seven and nerve grafting in two). Conservative treatment was successful in only three cases showing early signs of recovery (at about 3 months of life). Complete recovery was observed only in five early treated cases, while late treated cases had only mild improvement after surgery. During surgery, anatomical variations predisposing to nerve injury were observed. The authors havingobserved better results and faster recovery in the early treated patients, stress the importance of a rapid therapeutic decision to avoid or limit foot deformities, sensory defects and lower limb length discrepancy due to paralysis during growth. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.
Early stage diabetic Charcot Foot syndrome may respond to nerve decompression
Authors: Nickerson D. Scott , Alzheimer Daniel , Dellon A. Lee 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDiabetic Charcot Foot syndrome has been postulated to require a triggering event to initiate its puzzling inflammatory process, characterized by bony resorption, pathologic fractures, soft tissue ligamentous failure, and destruction of foot architecture. Two cases are presented where multiple lower extremity nerve decompression was performed early in the Charcot process. Resolution of clinical signs and radiographic abnormalities rapidly followed. The observation that these events were temporally concurrent suggests that nerve entrapment might reasonably be investigated as one of the postulated triggering events for the Charcot Foot in diabetes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.
Assessment of the patency of microvascular anastomoses using microscope‐integrated near‐infrared angiography: A preliminary study
Authors: Holm Charlotte , Mayr Martina , Höfter Eugen , Dornseifer Ulf , Ninkovic Milomir 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground:Technical problems at the site of the anastomosis compromise an underappreciated proportion of microsurgical free tissue transfers. Intraoperative identification of technical errors may be able to prevent reexploration surgery and early flap failure. We report the first human study on a new microscope‐integrated fluorescence angiography technique, which allows for intraoperative imaging of the anastomotic site.Methods:Fifty consecutive patients undergoing reconstructive microsurgical procedures were enrolled in the study. Intraoperative near infrared indocyanine green videoangiography (ICGA) was performed on all microsurgical anastomoses, after they had been assessed by the operating surgeon by conventional clinical patency tests. Anastomoses deemed to be occluded by the ICG‐angiography were intraoperatively revised, and the result of revision was compared with angiographic findings.Results:In 11/50 (22%) of patients, where the surgeon had classified the anastomoses as patent, microangiography identified a total luminal occlusion (six) and/or significant alterations in blood flow (five), potentially predisposing toward postoperative flap failure. Intraoperative revision confirmed angiographic findings in 100% of cases, and was always associated with flap survival. The decision not to revise despite anastomotic occlusion by the intraoperative angiogram was always followed by flap loss or early reexploration. A delayed return of venous blood from the flap predisposed toward postoperative flap failure.Conclusions:Hand‐sewn anastomoses are subject to technical errors, and conventional patency tests have a low sensitivity for revealing anastomotic failure. Microscope integrated microangiography is an excellent method for identifying significant anastomotic problems, which would have otherwise gone unnoticed. The potential impact on early flap failure and reexploration surgery is considerable. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.
Shaping waveguide transmission and reflection characteristics using conducting fabrics
Authors: Meachen J. , Duffy A. , Williams J. , Oxley C. H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractConductive fabrics are finding many applications and improved techniques for assessment required. This article presents a measurement technique using waveguide high‐Q cavities and a finite element model. Reflection and absorption properties of fabrics have been characterized to 10 GHz, and good agreement obtained between experimental and modeled results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1416–1419, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24341
Performance evaluation of 2 × 2 MIMO handset antenna arrays for mobile WiMAX applications
Authors: Choi Jung‐Hwan , Shin Yong‐Sun , Park Seong‐Ook 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article presents the performance analysis of the multiple‐input–multiple‐output antenna systems for mobile WiMAX handset applications. To investigate the effect of changing antenna arrangements on the antenna performance, we propose four kinds of two antenna structures considering the practical ground size of a mobile handset. To estimate the proposed structures, mutual coupling and envelope correlations were considered. Also the channel capacity and correlation were measured in the reverberation chamber. The relations between all parameters were analyzed based on the measured results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1558–1561, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24344
Low‐sidelobe pattern synthesis of spherical array using the hybrid genetic algorithm
Authors: Li Wentao , Liu Shufang , Shi Xiaowei , Hei Yongqiang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAiming at increasing the radiation bandwidth and reducing the antenna size, this article designs the stacked patch antenna and forms the spherical antenna array by virtue of fractal geometry. To minimize the sidelobe level and improve the convergence speed, a hybrid genetic algorithm integrating the main features of genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) called HGAPSO is adopted. Furthermore, a modified Bernstein polynomial is exploited to reduce the number of optimization variables as well as to obtain a smooth unimodal amplitude distribution. Compared with the uniformly excited conformal antenna array, the maximum relative sidelobe can be reduced by more than 10 dB. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1487–1491, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24348
Simulation and scale model measurement of a 600‐GHz membrane‐based twin slot antenna
Authors: Miao W. , Delorme Y. , Dauplay F. , Beaudin G. , Shi S. C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article, the input impedance (i.e., feed point impedance) of a 600‐GHz membrane‐based twin slot antenna for superconducting hot‐electron‐bolometer (HEB) mixers is investigated through numerical simulation and scale model measurement. The twin‐slot antenna, with an RF choker filter included, was designed with the aid of Microwave Studio CST. A 200‐times scale model of the designed twin slot antenna was fabricated to validate the simulated results. For the scale model measurement, de‐embedding measurement technique was adopted to extract the input impedance of the twin slot antenna. The measured results are found in good agreement with the simulation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1452–1455, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24350
A simple switched beamforming network for four‐beam Butler matrix
Authors: Kim Jae Hee , Park Wee Sang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA simple switched beamforming network with one 90° hybrid, two switches, and delay lines is designed. By controlling the switches, the antenna can produce four beams with the phase differences between adjacent radiating elements being ±135° and ±45°. The proposed feed network is simple, provides a tapered amplitude distribution, and has the same phase characteristics as the four‐beam Butler matrix feed network. The measured S11 of the proposed antenna is less than −10 dB at the operating frequency of 11.2 GHz. When switch 1 is in the “on” position and switch 2 is in the “off” position, or when both switches are in the “on” position, the measured radiation pattern shows that the scan angles are −12° and +35°. The proposed array antenna has the advantage of low cost, small volume, and easy fabrication. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1413–1416, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24352
A novel parallel‐coupled line diplexer excited using slot‐line resonators for ultra‐wideband communications
Authors: Hon Kuan  , Yang Ru‐Yuan , Weng Min‐Hang , Chen Wen‐Lang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this letter, a novel design of microstrip diplexer used for ultra‐wideband communication has been proposed. The primary structure of the diplexer comprises two different parallel‐coupled line structures with slot‐line resonators (SLRs), which are used for generating the filtering response with high‐channel selectivity. The diplexer is designed to have the lower and higher passband with the operating frequencies at 3.2–4.8 GHz and 6.5–9.8 GHz, respectively. Experimental results also show a good agreement with the simulated results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1552–1555, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24356
A microstrip ring‐like diplexer for bluetooth and UWB application
Authors: Ye Chang‐Sin , Su Yan‐Kuin , Weng Min‐Hang , Hung Cheng‐Yuan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article, design of a microstrip ring‐like diplexer for Bluetooth and ultrawide band application is presented. Two ring‐like bandpass filters, operated at 2.4 and 4 GHz, are combined together to form the proposed microstrip diplexer. Several transmission zeros located at the passband edges are introduced to improve the passband selectivity. High isolation between the two passband greater than 28 dB is achieved in this study. The designed diplexer is investigated numerically and experimentally. Measured results show a good agreement with the simulated analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1518–1520, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24358
On the well‐posedness of integral equations associated with cavity Green's functions around resonant frequencies
Authors: Lu Mingyu , Jung Sungyong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article, theoretical analyses are carried out for integral equations associated with cavity Green's functions. When cavities are fully enclosed and lossless, conventional integral equations are ill‐posed at cavities' resonant frequencies. As a remedy, modified integral equations are formulated around resonances, and they are theoretically proved to be well‐posed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1476–1481, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24360
An improved full‐duplex radio‐over‐fiber system using optical carrier suppressed double sideband modulation at 60 GHz
Authors: Yang Hao , Wang Fa Qiang , Huang Xuguang , Liang Ruisheng , Wu Yiting 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBased on improved optical carrier suppressed double sideband modulation with 60 GHz repetitive frequency, a full‐duplex radio‐over‐fiber transport system using a single source at central office was proposed and demonstrated. Carrier suppressed double sideband optical signal was generated by using an optical phase modulator and dense‐wavelength‐division‐multiplexing technique, as well as an additional external amplitude modulator for loading baseband downlink data to one first‐order sideband. A dense‐wavelength‐division‐multiplexer was used to separate the two first‐order sidebands; the lower sideband was used to carry 5 Gbit/s downstream data, whereas the upper sideband was sent to base station for reuse of modulating upstream data. The limitation of chromatic dispersion is greatly reduced due to that only one sideband is modulated. Therefore, the system of bidirectional transmission shows cost‐efficient configuration and good performance over 80 km delivery with less than 1.5 dB power penalty. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1473–1476, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24361
Analysis of half E‐shaped patch for wideband application
Authors: Ansari J. A. , Kesh Dubey Satya , Mishra Anurag 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA half E‐shaped patch antenna is analyzed using equivalent circuit model based on modal expansion cavity model. The antenna shows almost 50% reduction in size with the same performance as achieved by full E‐shaped patch. The proposed theory is verified by simulation and experimental results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1576–1580, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24367
Circularly polarized H‐shaped microstrip‐array antenna with a T‐slot for DSRC system roadside equipment
Authors: Choi By Sun‐Ho , Lee Hwa‐Choon , Kwak Kyung‐Sup 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article describes the design of a novel circularly polarized H‐shaped microstrip‐array antenna with a T‐slot for dedicated short‐range communication (DSRC) system roadside equipment (RSE: 5.850–5.925 GHz). The antenna system needs a correct radiation pattern, at the assigned communication area, without interference from the other radio wave propagation. The proposed antenna is designed to reduce the side lobe level (SLL) by using the proper distance for patch array and multilayer substrates for DSRC RSE. H‐shaped patches are used for circular polarization (RHCP or LHCP) with a T‐slot. The measured bandwidth of the fabricated antenna is from 5.830 to 5.939 GHz when the return loss < −10 dB. The measured axial ratio (RHCP) is 1.25–2.02 dB and gain is 15.62–15.94 dBi. The experimental 3‐dB beam width (HPBW) in the E‐plane and H‐plane are 22.52° and 24.11° at 5.91 GHz, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1545–1548, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24369
An integrated CMOS low‐power UWB transmitter
Authors: Yuan Tao , Lim Gui‐Duo , Zheng Yuanjin , Li Le‐Wei , Leong Mook‐Seng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article, a fully integrated monocycle pulse‐based ultrawideband (UWB) transmitter is presented. Fabricated in a 0.18‐μm CMOS process, a low‐power all‐digital UWB pulse generator and modulator is proposed. The modulated pulse is further shaped by a driver amplifier. The transmitted pulses are binary phase modulated and meet the FCC UWB low frequency band (3.1–4.5 GHz) spectral mask specification. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1431–1436, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24376