bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The future of transit technology: Lessons from EXPO 86
Authors: Rice R. G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractExpo 86, the World Exposition held last year in Vancouver, Canada, was the largest, special‐category world's fair ever staged, with 54 international participants. Given the designated theme of transportation and communications, it is interesting to interpret the statements made by the participants in regard to particular sub‐theme areas such as urban transit. This paper reviews the presentations (exhibits, demonstrations, conferences, and seminars) developed by all participants in Expo 86 in regard to urban transit technology, and assesses the significance and direction of technological developments in the areas of vehicle and terminal design, network and system operation and control, and planning and management systems.
The taxi 2000 personal rapid transit system
Authors: Anderson J. Edward 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTAXI 2000 is the result of a comprehensive process of “top‐down” design optimization beginning “from scratch” and subject to a variety of practical constraints. It builds on over two decades of work on automated transit in virtually every industrialized country and on a comprehensive theory of transit economics and technology developed by the author. The system's low cost is a result of discovery of optimum configurations and of technology advances not available a decade ago. The paper includes a description of the system and the process of and basis for its development; discussions of technical areas of dependability, safety, evacuation and rescue, power requirements, and performance; discussions of the state of development, development plans, process of certification, and problems in implementation of the PRT concept.
Monorail development and application in Japan
Authors: Kikuchi Shinya , Onaka Akira 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe monorail has emerged recently as a serious mode for transit use in Japan. Three monorail lines are operational, and three more are being constructed. Approximately thirty other cities in Japan are considering the introduction of the monorail. This paper reviews the recent development of the monorail in Japan, examines its components, compares its performance with other transit modes, and assesses its potential in the context of the family of urban transit modes. This examination and comparison will be based on the features of the monorail designs recently adopted in Japan.
Making people movers affordable through land use decisions
Authors: Kulash Walter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPeople mover systems are frequently proposed to serve the internal circulation needs of suburban activity centers, and to form cohesive central business districts from the numerous unconnected buildings that comprise these centers. However, even a cursory financial analysis generally reveals that people mover systems in suburban activity centers are unaffordable.This paper proposes that the affordability of people mover systems in suburban activity centers is determined by the intensity and characteristics of the land use in the center. These characteristics, in turn, are determined by decisions largely within the control of the individual site owners.This paper identifies the land use decisions that are most important to the financial feasibility of people movers and suggests guidelines for planning land use in suburban activity centers in a manner that enhances people mover feasibility.
Railroading in the nineties
Authors: Lawless Ronald E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRailways have been a factor on the industrial scene for so long that it is easy to ignore the fundamental advantages they offer in the transportation of massive volumes of goods over long distances. The author contends that the original strengths of the railway concept may prove to be even greater strengths in the context of emerging social, environmental, and economic conditions. But to capitalize fully on these strengths, legislators and regulators, the public at large, and railway people themselves must recognize that the railways' role has changed and that short‐sighted regulation based on misconception could rob society of a transportation mode vital to its prosperity in the future.
Automobiles and the “Greenhouse” effect
Authors: Prakash Chandra B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHuman activities such as industrial development, burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and even agriculture practices are changing the composition of Earth's atmosphere. There is a growing concern that greenhouse gases released by these activities, such as carbon dioxide, may cause global warming which, in turn, would have dramatic social, economic and political impacts.The paper examines the global warming contribution of automobiles in Canada and compares various alternative transportation fuels in terms of their emissions of greenhouse gases and global warming potential.Energy conservation, improved fuel economy, and the use of certain alternative transportation fuels can significantly reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from automobiles. Although automobiles in Canada make a rather small contribution to overall emissions of greenhouse gases in the global context, reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases seems to be a step in the right direction. Many individual measures, each having a modest impact on greenhouse gas emissions, can have a dramatic impact on the rate of climatic change when combined.
Radial bus networks with multi‐period and many‐to‐many demand
Authors: Chang Shyue Koong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMathematical models are developed for optimizing radial bus networks with time dependent demand and supply characteristics. These models can deal with many‐to‐many demand distribution in heterogeneous rather than idealized geographic environments. With some approximations, closed‐form solutions for the optimal route angle, headways for different time periods, and stop spacings for various locations are obtained for a total cost minimization objective. The relations between the decision variables and system parameters are identified analytically. The optimality of a constant ratio between headways and route angle is found to hold with a time related factor. The optimized wait cost, operator cost, and lateral access cost are found to be equal. A numerical example is given for a case with three service periods. It illustrates the applicability of the analytic model to irregular demand patterns that may be directionally imbalanced during some periods.
Selection of expert system shells for traffic signal design
Authors: Chang Gang‐Len , Chin Ching‐Sung , Kartam Nabil 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAlthough the use of expert systems (ESs) as a problem‐solving tool is relatively new in the transportation profession, it has been recognized that a well‐designed ES can contribute in areas where the knowledge domain requires an integration of expertise from various disciplines or is very complex and difficult to quantify. To minimize the effort involved in developing essential ES mechanisms, researchers often prefer to use ES shells which provide a standard inference procedure, knowledge representation, and a user‐friendly design environment. However, commercial ES shells tend to be designed for only certain classes of problems, and are not as general and flexible as programming languages. More than 150 commercial ES shells are available in the microcomputer market. Most ES shells are usually claimed by their vendors to be usable for almost any conceivable applications, but such claims have often proved to be extravagant. Hence, the selection of an efficient yet costeffective commercial shell is one of the most critical tasks in ES development. In reviewing the vital task of ES shell selection, this paper presents our experience in evaluating more than 30 ES shells for developing an ES for signal design. The proposed ES includes signal settings, phasing plans, controllers, and detector locations.
ARTEMIS: French‐German project for railway movements command and control
Authors: Lancien Daniel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe development of railway transportation, especially through the gradual implementation of high‐speed European network, is inciting railway companies to design railway movements command and control systems to enhance technical performance in terms of throughput and control of disturbances while simultaneously minimizing operational costs.The new command‐control systems must be modular, adaptable and evolutive structures from both functional and geographical viewpoints if they are to satisfy all operational needs.Concurrent research into performance enhancement and cost reduction prescribes a system in which the majority of the “real time” components are aboards the locomotives. This is particularly true for those components used by the train to indicate its own position on the network as well as those enabling it to converse with operational control centers.The initial task is to design a global architecture of the command‐control system that satisfies modularity and availability criteria followed by the development of numerous technical components including radar self‐location systems and cellular radio transmission networks.The French (SNCF) and German (DB) national railways have implemented a vast program of co‐operation aimed at providing valid, proven answers to these problems so as to allow their trains to travel freely on either network.
Simulation model for transit network ‐ modeling
Authors: Dhingra S. L. , Marwah B. R. , Palaniswamy S. P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe trip distribution of passengers in various major urban areas possessing different road networks require a large number of overlapping routes. In the analysis of these networks it is desirable to simulate the flow of passengers and vehicles on all the routes simultaneously thereby accounting for the interaction of the routes rather than dealing with individual routes. The model developed in this study simulates at a micro level the flow of passengers and vehicles in a given network. In order to incorporate the interaction of the overlapping routes in the network, the station scanning technique has been developed and used. The Kanpur metropolis (population: 1.6 million) bus service is taken as the case study for the purpose of modeling the route network and for the complimentary problem of scheduling, the case study has been presented in a separate paper to follow.
A model of an urban transportation system formulated as a multiobjective mathematical programming problem under uncertainty
Authors: Czyzak P. , Zak J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn urban transportation system formulated in terms of a multiobjective mixed integer linear fractional programming (MOMILFP) problem under uncertainty is considered. The system is based on two means of public transportation i.e., trams and buses. One takes into account the factors of both passengers' and operator's concern, whose objectives are, generally, in conflict. The real uncertainty and imprecision of data is modeled by L‐R type fuzzy numbers. To solve the fuzzy MOMILFP problem an interactive method is utilized. As an illustration of that approach an application to Poznan's urban transportation system is presented.
Capacitated maximum covering location models: Formulations and solution procedures
Authors: Haghani Ali 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper presents two formulations and two solution procedures for a capacitated maximum covering location problem. In the first formulation, the problem is presented as a mixed‐interger linear programming model which maximizes covered demand. In the second model, the objective function maximizes the weighted covered demand while at the same time minimizing the average distance from the uncovered demands to the located facilities.The second formulation attempts to account for the assignment of the demand which is not “covered” to located facilities which have excess capacity. This assignment is very important, especially for locating emergency service facilities. Two heuristic procedures are proposed to solve these models. These are based on greedy adding technique and Lagrangian relaxation. At each iteration, the demands are allocated to the facilities using an out‐of‐kilter method. The performance of the solution techniques are compared to the optimal solutions in a variety of test problems.
Efficient planning of berth allocation for container terminals in Asia
Authors: Imai Akio , Nagaiwa Ken'Ichiro , Tat Chan Weng 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBerth allocation is essential for efficient terminal utilization in container ports, especially those in Asia. This paper is concerned with a berth allocation problem(BAP) that minimizes the sum of port staying times of ships and that minimizes dissatisfaction of the ships in terms of the berthing order. In general there exist tradeoffs between these objectives. An algorithm is presented to identify noninferior solutions to the BAP. The algorithm is demonstrated with some sample problems and the results indicate the importance of the problem in efficient terminal utilization.
Longitudinal control of a vehicle
Authors: Anderson J. Edward 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGenerally applicable formulae for the gain constants in a proportional plus integral controller required for stable control of the speed of any vehicle in terms of natural frequency, damping ratio, vehicle mass, and thruster time constant are derived. An example, based on a simulation of the controller and vehicle, is given. The theory shows that only speed and position feedback are needed. Acceleration feedback is unnecessary.
Acceleration noise and level of service of urban roads ‐ A case study
Authors: Babu Y. Sudheer , Pattnaik S. B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCapacity measurement of roads under mixed traffic conditions as prevailing in India is ambiguous as it varies with time, composition of traffic and roadway encroachments. High incidence of slow moving vehicles and tricycles adds to the problem. Volume ‐ capacity ratio appears to be an inadequate measure of defining level of service under mixed traffic situations. An attempt is made in this paper to explore the possibility of presenting unconventional parameters like standard deviation of speed, co‐efficient of variation of speed and acceleration noise as possible measures of level of service. Tentative ranges of acceleration noise are proposed in association with flow and speed to explain level of service of urban roads catering to mixed traffic. The results are based on a study conducted in Madras, a major metropolitan city of India.
An introduction to airport APM systems
Authors: Elliott Dennis M. , Norton Jack 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to the nature and purpose of airport automated people mover (APM) systems. Our objective is to provide a convenient research tool for persons seeking an introduction to the airport APM industry. Included are illustrations of typical system designs; a listing of existing airport APM systems, including a tabular presentation of selected data; an organization and discussion of the history and evolution of the existing systems; and a status report on current developments in the APM industry.
A study of passenger discomfort measures at the Hong Kong mass transit railway system
Authors: Lam William H. K. , Cheung C. Y. , Poon Y. F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis note investigates the important attributes relating to the crowding effects at the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) stations in Hong Kong. Data was collected at two sets of three MTR stations to study the responses of the passengers due to the discomfort at crowded vehicles and platforms. Stated preference surveys were used to study the effects of passenger discomfort measures.
Impact of ITS measures on public transport: A Case study
Authors: Luk J. Y. K. , Yang C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIntelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have a wide range of applications. They range from the more traditional signal coordination system to concepts such as smart cars and smart roads. This paper describes transit‐based ITS measures in Singapore. The island‐state has plans to double the current 90 km rail network over the next ten years and has also implemented or committed to implement many ITS initiatives that impact upon the public transport systems. The aim of these investments is to achieve a high transit modal share using a comprehensive transit network. ITS measures that can promote this aim include: automatic vehicle location systems for buses and taxis, integrated transit fare systems using contactless smart cards, rail information systems, multi‐modal travel guides on Internet and electronic road pricing. The potential impacts of these measures are delay reduction, more comfort, productivity gain and better network accessibility. ITS measures do not necessarily add physical capacity to a public transport system but are excellent supporting measures to encourage the modal shift to transit, particularly if a quality transit system is already in place.
Deploying the advanced public transportation systems (APTS) technologies in Los Angeles: A summary and analysis
Authors: Cashin Robert D. , Liu Peter , Chen Jimmy Xueming 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper first introduces the key players involved in the deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The paper then reports the local deployment status of major Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) projects, with a particular emphasis placed on the burgeoning Los Angeles Smart Shuttle Demonstration Project. In addition, the paper analyzes some technical, political, financial and other issues centering around the deployment of APTS technologies in the Los Angeles metropolitan area.
Lane‐based optimization of traffic equilibrium settings for area traffic control
Authors: Wong C. K. , Wong S. C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractArea traffic control is an important element in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). This paper extends the lane‐based optimization method to a traffic equilibrium network, which improves the operational performance of signal‐controlled network. We formulate a decomposition approach to simultaneously optimize the lane markings and signal settings for a signal‐controlled network that comprises two levels of optimization. At the junction level, the lane markings, control sequence, and other aspects of the signal settings are optimized for individual junctions, whereas at the network level, the group‐based signal settings are optimized to take into account the re‐routing characteristics of travelers and signal coordination effects that are based on a TRANSYT traffic model, which is a well‐known procedure for evaluating the performance of signal‐controlled networks. We use a numerical example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Functional role of KLF10 in multiple disease processes
Authors: Subramaniam Malayannan , Hawse John R. , Rajamannan Nalini M. , Ingle James N. , Spelsberg Thomas C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSince the discovery by this laboratory of the zinc finger transcription factor, KLF10, a member of the Krüppel‐like family of transcription factors, there have been multiple publications regarding its functions and its immediate family members, in numerous cell types. KLF10 has been shown to be rapidly induced by TGFβ1, 2, 3, E2, epidermal growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein‐2. TGFβ inducible early gene‐1 activates the TGFβ‐Smad signaling pathway via repression of Smad 7 expression and activation of Smad 2 expression and activity. Overall, KLF10 has been implicated in cell differentiation, as a target gene for a variety of signaling pathways, and in serving as a potential marker for human diseases such as breast cancer, cardiac hypertrophy, and osteoporosis. Like other KLF members, KLF10 is expressed in specific cell types in numerous tissues and is known to be involved in repressing cell proliferation and inflammation as well as inducing apoptosis similar to that of TGFβ. KLF10 binds to Sp‐1‐GC rich DNA sequences and can activate or repress the transcription of a number of genes. Overall, KLF10 has been shown to play a major role in the TGFβ inhibition of cell proliferation and inflammation and induction of apoptosis, and its overexpression in human osteoblasts and pancreatic carcinoma cells mimics the actions of TGFβ.
Safe composition levels of transgenic crops assessed via a clinical medicine model
Authors: Herman Rod A. , Scherer Peter N. , Phillips Amy M. , Storer Nicholas P. , Krieger Mark 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSubstantial equivalence has become established as a foundation concept in the safety evaluation of transgenic crops. In the case of a food and feed crop, no single variety is considered the standard for safety or nutrition, so the substantial equivalence of transgenic crops is investigated relative to the array of commercial crop varieties with a history of safe consumption. Although used extensively in clinical medicine to compare new generic drugs with brand‐name drugs, equivalence limits are shown to be a poor model for comparing transgenic crops with an array of reference crop varieties. We suggest an alternate model, also analogous to that used in clinical medicine, where reference intervals are constructed for a healthy heterogeneous population. Specifically, we advocate the use of distribution‐free tolerance intervals calculated across a large amount of publicly available compositional data such as is found in the International Life Sciences Institute Crop Composition Database.
Iron metabolism markers and haptoglobin phenotypes in susceptibility to HSV‐1 or/and HSV‐2 lesion relapses
Authors: Gennero Luisa , Roos Maria Augusta , D'Amelio Patrizia , Denysenko Tetyana , Morra Emanuella , Sperber Kirk , Ceroni Vincenzo , Panzone Michele , Lesca Franco , De Vivo Enrico , Grimaldi Anastasia , Gabetti Maria Luisa , Ponzetto Antonio , Pescarmona Gian Piero , Pugliese Agostino 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDifferent haptoglobin (Hp) phenotypes play a role in several pathologic processes including infectious diseases. In order to evaluate the role of iron storage and metabolism in susceptibility to herpetic manifestations, we studied the frequency of the Hp phenotypes and iron metabolism in patients affected by H. Simplex virus 1 or 2 (HSV‐1 or HSV‐2), compared with controls. Hp phenotype and iron metabolism were determined in 100 patients with recurrent HSV‐1 or HSV‐2 manifestations during the relapses, and in 110 healthy subjects. The frequencies of the three Hp phenotypes in the patient group compared to the control group were 18% versus 14.5% p = NS for Hp 1.1, 25% versus 40% p = 0.03 for Hp 2.2 and 57% versus 45.5% p = NS for Hp 2.1. All iron metabolism parameters tested showed significant differences between patients and controls; haemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and serum iron were lower, while transferrin was higher in the patients than in controls. Reductions in iron availability may be a risk factor for relapsing lesions of HSV‐1 or HSV‐2. Hp 2.2 phenotype may offer some protection against the recurrence of Herpes labialis or genitalis manifestations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.