bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International disease monitoring, October to December 2007
Authors: Sabirovic M. , Raw L. , Hall S. , Elliott H. , Coulson N. 
Published: October 2010

New serotype of African horse sickness causes outbreaks in Senegal
African swine fever spreading in the Caucasus region, and its first introduction into Mauritius
Bluetongue virus serotype 8 spreads further south, east and west in Europe
Bluetongue virus serotype 1 spreading northwards in Europe
Rabies — introduced cases in western Europe
— These are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for October to December 2007, prepared by defra 's Food and Farming Group, International Trade Core Function
Effects of sedation with acepromazine on echocardiographic measurements in eight healthy thoroughbred horses
Authors: Menzies‐Gow N. J. 
Published: October 2010

Eight normal thoroughbred horses were examined by echocardiography before and 10 minutes after they had been sedated by the intravenous administration of 0·03 mg/kg acepromazine. There were significant (P<0·025) increases in the diameters of the pulmonary artery and the aorta, measured at end‐systole, and in the thickness of the interventricular septum, measured at end‐systole and end‐diastole. In addition, there was a significant (P<0·001) decrease in the diameter of the left atrium measured at end‐diastole. The remaining cardiac dimensions, all the indices of cardiac function, and the occurrence and severity of valvular regurgitation were not affected by sedation.
Lack of transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 to weanling pigs by feeding them spray‐dried porcine plasma
Authors: Pujols J. , López‐Soria S. , Segalés J. , Fort M. , Sibila M. , Rosell R. , Solanes D. , Russell L. , Campbell J. , Crenshaw J. , Weaver E. , Polo J. 
Published: October 2010

An experiment was conducted to determine whether spray‐dried porcine plasma containing 2·47 × 105dnacopies of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv‐2) could infect weanling pigs when fed to them. Five specific pathogen‐free (spf) weanling pigs were fed ad libitum for 45 days a control diet and six pigs were fed a test diet containing 8 kgsdppper 100 kg feed. The two groups were housed in separate biosecurity level‐3 rooms. None of the pigs in either group developed any clinical signs or becamepcv‐2viraemic or seroconverted.
Efficacies of osaterone and delmadinone in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in dogs
Authors: Albouy M. , Sanquer A. , Maynard L. , Eun H. M. 
Published: October 2010

A multicentre randomised clinical trial was performed to compare the therapeutic potential of osaterone acetate with that of delmadinone acetate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in dogs. The osaterone was administered orally at 0·25 mg/kg bodyweight once a day for seven days to 73 dogs. The delmadinone was administered by a single intramuscular or subcutaneous injection at 3 mg/kg bodyweight to 69 dogs. During the 180‐day trial, the dogs were monitored five times for their clinical signs and prostate volume. The two drugs were similarly effective in reducing the clinical signs and inducing complete clinical remission, and both induced a similar level of minor, mostly transitory adverse effects. Osaterone reduced the volume of the prostate glands of the dogs significantly more quickly than delmadinone.
Immobilising free‐ranging Alpine chamois with xylazine, reversed with atipamezole
Authors: Dematteis A. , Rossi L. , Canavese G. , Menzano A. , Meneguz P. G. 
Published: October 2010

Between 1996 and 2005, 215 free‐ranging Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) were immobilised with xylazine hydrochloride. The 110 male and 105 female animals received a mean (sd) dose of 2·5 (0·6) mg/kg with a range from 1·4 to 4·8 mg/kg. The immobilisation was reversed in 201 of the animals with an intramuscular injection of 0·3 (0·1) mg/kg atipamezole (range 0·03 to 0·76 mg/kg), corresponding to a mean ratio of atipamezole:xylazine of 1:9·4 (4·3). All the chamois were immobilised, but shorter induction and recovery times, and deeper sedation with no reactions to handling were obtained in more than 80 per cent of the animals with doses of 2·6 to 3·6 mg/kg of xylazine, reversed with 0·26 to 0·36 mg/kg atipamezole (a ratio of 1:10), injected within 90 minutes.
Outbreak of canine distemper in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Perpiñán D. , Ramis A. , Tomás A. , Carpintero E. , Bargalló F. 
Published: October 2010

In 2006 an outbreak of canine distemper affected 14 young domestic ferrets in Barcelona, Spain. Their clinical signs included a reduced appetite, lethargy, dyspnoea, coughing, sneezing, mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharges, facial and perineal dermatitis, diarrhoea, splenomegaly and fever. Late in the course of the disease, general desquamation and pruritus, and hyperkeratotic/crusting dermatitis of the lips, eyes, nose, footpads, and perineal area were observed. None of the ferrets developed neurological signs. Non‐regenerative anaemia and high serum concentrations of α‐ and β‐globulins were the most common laboratory findings. Most of the animals died or were euthanased because of respiratory complications. Postmortem there were no signs of lung collapse. Distemper was diagnosed by direct immunofluorescence of conjunctival swabs orpcrof several organs, and histology revealed the characteristic eosinophilic intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies of canine distemper virus in several organs. The minimum incubation periods calculated for six of the ferrets were 11 to 56 days, and in 13 of the ferrets the signs of disease lasted 14 to 34 days. Inclusion bodies compatible with infection by herpesvirus were found in the lungs of one of the ferrets.
Comparison of CO2 laser and 4·0 MHz radiosurgery for making incisions in the skin and muscles of green iguanas (Iguana iguana)
Authors: Hernández‐Divers S. J. , Stahl S. J. , Rakich P. M. , Blas‐Machado U. 
Published: October 2010

Four green iguanas scheduled for euthanasia were used to compare the extent of collateral tissue damage associated with CO2 laser and 4·0 MHz radiosurgery. The iguanas were anaesthetised and a series of three skin and three muscle incisions was made by 4·0 MHz radiosurgery (0·18 mm wire electrode, 25 W, cut mode) and CO2 laser (0·3 mm ceramic tip, 15 W focused beam super‐pulse mode), and three incisions were made with a scalpel blade as controls. Following euthanasia, a total of 60 skin and 36 muscle sections were evaluated histologically. Radiosurgery and the laser both produced bloodless incisions, but radiosurgery caused significantly less collateral tissue damage in the skin (307 [97] v 386 [108] µm) and the muscle (18 [7] v 91 [15] µm).
Application of a protocol for the diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Italy
Authors: Sarli G. , Ostanello F. , Morandi F. , Fusaro L. , Gnudi M. , Bacci B. , Nigrelli A. , Alborali L. , Dottori M. , Vezzoli F. , Barigazzi G. , Fiorentini L. , Sala V. , Leotti G. , Joisel F. 
Published: October 2010

Samples of superficial inguinal and bronchial lymph nodes, ileum, tonsil and lung were taken from three to five pigs on each of 61 farms with a clinical history of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The samples were examined histologically and by immunohistochemistry for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV‐2). PMWS was diagnosed in two stages: first, an evaluation of the haematoxylin and eosinstained sections that identified the cases in which the characteristic PCV‐2 cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were apparent, and secondly, a conclusive step in which immunohistochemistry was applied to confirm PMWS in the cases in which there were positive immunohistochemical results that coincided with lesions indicative of PMWS in at least one of the lymphoid and/or lung tissues. The location of PCV‐2 in specific lesions (cell depletion in lymphoid organs and interstitial pneumonia) confirmed PMWS in 45 of the 61 farms, 31 of which were also infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. The lymphoid tissues were more reliable than the lungs for the diagnosis of PMWS, both in individual pigs and in groups of pigs, and farm diagnoses based on a group of pigs were more reliable than diagnoses based on single pigs.
Quantitative investigation and classification by MRI of residual cleft cysts in the pituitary glands of cows
Authors: Tsuka T. , Hasegawa K. , Morimoto M. , Hayashi T. , Okamoto Y. , Minami S. , Imagawa T. , Taura Y. 
Published: October 2010

The application of MRI to 167 Holstein cows and 76 Japanese black cows made it possible to distinguish two types of residual cleft cysts (RCCs) in their pituitary glands on the basis of the differences in signal intensity: fluid‐filled lesions with an intensity equal to that of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (hypointense on T1‐weighted images and hyperintense on T2‐weighted images); and solid lesions that were hypointense compared with cerebral parenchyma and isointense with CSF on T1‐weighted images, and hypointense compared with cerebral parenchyma on T2‐weighted images. Solid material was observed in lesions with a mean (sd) diameter of 2·09 (1·28) mm in 56 (33·5 per cent) of the Holstein cows, and in lesions with a mean diameter of 1·91 (0·89) mm in 20 (26·3 per cent) of the Japanese black cows. Four of the Holstein cows had RCCs more than 7 mm in diameter. Long‐term development of the RCCs was suggested by histological findings of epithelial stratification and a structural shift from having a single to a stratified epithelial layer within the residual clefts of the affected pituitary glands.
Randomised controlled trial of the treatment of pastern dermatitis with a formulation containing kunzea oil
Authors: Thomas J. , Narkowicz C. , Peterson G. M. , Jacobson G. A. , Narayana A. 
Published: October 2010

The efficacy of an ointment containing kunzea oil for the treatment of horses with localised acute or chronic pastern dermatitis was assessed. Thirty‐seven horses were randomly allocated to treatment with an ointment containing either 20 per cent kunzea oil (test) or 2 per cent ketoconazole (control). Only 21 of the horses completed the study. The severity of the lesions was assessed before and after seven days of treatment. The kunzea oil formulation resulted in a significant decrease in the median total area of the lesions from 40 cm2 (range 3 to 252 cm2) to 0 cm2 (range 0 to 34 cm2), with complete resolution of the signs of pastern dermatitis in seven of 11 cases. The control formulation resulted in no significant change in the total area of the lesions, and the signs of pastern dermatitis resolved completely in only two of the 10 cases.
Long‐term changes in the prevalences of caecal nematodes and histomonosis in gamebirds in the UK and the interaction with poultry
Authors: Potts G. R. 
Published: October 2010

From 1912 to 2003, 12,056 grey and red‐legged partridges and pheasants found dead in the UK were examined. The trends in their infection rates with Heterakis species and histomonosis were strongly correlated among wild, pen‐reared, young and adult partridges and young pen‐reared pheasants but not adult pheasants. Except among the adult pheasants, the prevalence of Heterakis declined by 91 per cent to 100 per cent from 1952 to 1991. Heterakis isolonche was found predominantly in pheasants but only until the 1960s. Histomonosis declined relative to Heterakis species infections after the introduction of dimetridazole. There was a long‐term change in the prevalence of Heterakis, with changes in domestic fowl husbandry being suggested as the cause.
Thermotolerance and multidrug resistance in bacteria isolated from equids and their environment
Authors: Singh B. R. 
Published: October 2010

Sixty‐nine vaginal swabs and 138 rectal swabs collected from 195 equids were analysed for the presence of thermotolerant bacteria, that is, bacteria surviving at 60 ± 0.1°C for one hour. Thermotolerant Escherichia coli, Enterobacter species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus species and Pseudomonas species were isolated from 41, 16, nine, three and three of the 138 rectal swabs, respectively; seven of the E coli and two of the Enterobacter species isolates survived pasteurisation at 63.8 ± 0.1°C for 30 minutes. All except three E coli, two Enterobacter species and one Proteus species isolate were resistant to three or more antimicrobial drugs, that is, they were multidrug resistant. Thermotolerant E coli, Enterobacter species and Proteus species were isolated from 11, two and two of the 69 vaginal swabs, respectively, but only one isolate of E coli survived pasteurisation at 63.8 ± 0.1°C for 30 minutes. All except two of the E coli isolates were multidrug resistant. None of the four thermotolerant isolates from nine soil samples collected on four of the farms where the equids were kept was pasteurisation resistant, but they were all multidrug resistant. Of the 10 pasteurisationresistant isolates, nine were multidrug resistant but none was resistant to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cotrimazine, cotrimoxazole or streptomycin. All the isolates grew at 42 ± 0.1°C but none grew at 46 ± 0.1°C or above. The Enterobacter isolates were more tolerant to pasteurisation than the E coli isolates, particularly during the first few minutes of exposure.
Congenital tremor and hypomyelination associated with bovine viral diarrhoea virus in 23 British cattle herds
Authors: Otter A. , Welchman D. de B. , Sandvik T. , Cranwell M. P. , Holliman A. , Millar M. F. , Scholes S. F. E. 
Published: October 2010

This paper presents data from 23 British herds investigated between 1991 and 2007 where neurological disease in calves was caused by bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection. A variety of clinical signs, most commonly tremor or trembling, were apparent in the calves from birth, and most were recumbent or unable to stand unsupported. Severe diffuse neuraxial hypomyelination was present in all of the calves, and immunohistochemistry revealed cerebral neuronal labelling consistent with congenital persistent pestivirus infection in each brain. BVDV was detected in peripheral blood samples from eight of 15 calves tested using an antigen ELISA, and was isolated in culture from samples of viscera, brain or blood collected from 17 of 24 affected calves. TaqMan RT‐PCR for pestivirus RNA was positive for BVDV‐1 in all six calves tested. Six of the virus isolates on which molecular classification was carried out, obtained from calves in four of the herds, were identified as BVDV‐1a, while three isolates from one affected and two unaffected calves on a fifth farm were confirmed as BVDV‐1b.
Secondary immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum
Authors: Cortese L. , Piantedosi D. , Ciaramella P. , Pero M. E. , Sica M. , Ruggiero G. , Terrazzano G. , Mastellone V. 
Published: October 2010

Forty‐four dogs naturally infected byLeishmania infantumwere divided into two groups: 20 thrombocytopenic dogs with fewer than 150 × 109platelets/I, and 24 non‐thrombocytopenic dogs with more than 200 × 109platelets/I. Ten clinically healthy dogs were used as controls. A haematological profile was obtained and the dogs' serum was used to assess the presence of platelet‐binding IgM and IgG antibodies using a flow cytometry technique. Nineteen of the 20 thrombocytopenic dogs, and 13 of the 24 non‐thrombocytopenic dogs had detectable levels of platelet‐binding immunoglobulins, but none of the control dogs did so. The differences were significantly different for both IgM and IgG platelet‐binding antibodies.
Beneficial effects on the reproductive performance of sows of administering prostaglandin analogues after farrowing
Authors: Lopez J. V. , Ptaszynska M. , Gonzalez P. , Jiménez M. , Martens M. R. T. M. 
Published: October 2010

Twenty‐four to 36 hours after farrowing, 192 sows were treated with a single intramuscular injection (2 ml per animal) of a prostaglandin analogue; 102 were treated with cloprostenol racemate and 97 with dinoprost tromethamine, and 90 were left untreated. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the percentages of sows that came into oestrus by eight days after weaning or conceived by eight days after weaning. Significantly more piglets were born per litter (10.71 and 11.00 piglets in the cloprostenol and dinoprost groups, respectively) and born alive (10.22 and 10.41, respectively) than in the controls (9.24 piglets born per litter and 8.66 piglets born alive).
Effects of intramuscular acepromazine and diazepam on tear production in rabbits
Authors: Selk Ghaffari M. , Moghaddassi A. P. , Bokaie S. 
Published: October 2010

Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into two groups of eight. Schirmer II tear tests were performed on all 16 and then eight received an intramuscular dose of 1 mg/kg acepromazine and the other eight received an intramuscular dose of 1 mg/kg diazepam. The Schirmer tests were repeated after 15 and 25 minutes. There was a significant reduction in tear production by the rabbits treated with acepromazine, but no significant change in tear production by the rabbits treated with diazepam.
Effect of supplementation with barium selenate on the fertility, prolificacy and lambing performance of hill sheep
Authors: Muñoz C. , Carson A. F. , McCoy M. A. , Dawson L. E. R. , Irwin D. , Gordon A. W. , Kilpatrick D. J. 
Published: October 2010

Six weeks before mating, the ewes on six hill farms were randomly assigned to receive either a subcutaneous injection of a long‐acting supplement containing 50 mg/ml selenium as barium selenate, or no injected selenium. Before the treatment, the mean activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in the ewes on the six farms ranged from 166 to 592 U/g haemoglobin (Hb) and their plasma selenium concentrations ranged from 0·60 to 1·61 μmol/l. Treated ewes had higher plasma selenium concentrations and higher GSHPx activities than control ewes during the study. Conception rates were higher in the treated ewes than in the control ewes. At six weeks, the lambs born to the treated ewes had higher plasma selenium and GSHPx levels than the controls. The treated ewes reared 9 per cent more lambs than the control ewes. The treated ewes had lower abortion rates, and higher liveweights and body condition scores than the controls. There were weak but positive associations between the plasma selenium and GSHPx levels of the ewes and their reproductive performance.
Use of tongue ties in thoroughbred racehorses in the United Kingdom, and its association with surgery for dorsal displacement of the soft palate
Authors: Barakzai S. Z. , Finnegan C. , Dixon P. M. , Hillyer M. H. , Boden L. A. 
Published: October 2010

The prevalence of the use of tongue ties, calculated from 60 randomly selected race meetings held in the UK during 2001 to 2003, was 5·0 per cent. After its first use on an individual horse a tongue tie was used in an average of 77 per cent of its races during the first 12 months, but after this time period, in only 55 per cent of its races. Thirty‐nine per cent of horses that underwent surgery for dorsal displacement of the soft palate raced with a tongue tie preoperatively, and 41 per cent of these surgical cases raced with a tongue tie postoperatively.
Use of inactivated bluetongue virus serotype 8 vaccine against virulent challenge in sheep and cattle
Authors: Hamers C. , Galleau S. , Chery R. , Blanchet M. , Goutebroze S. , Besancon L. , Cariou C. , Werle‐Lapostolle B. , Hudelet P. 
Published: October 2010

The immunisation properties of an inactivated bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV‐8) vaccine were evaluated in sheep and cattle. Five sheep were vaccinated with one dose of vaccine and five cattle were vaccinated with two doses 28 days apart. Six sheep and five cattle served as unvaccinated controls. All animals were subjected to a virulent BTV‐8 challenge, and safety and antibody responses were monitored. All control animals developed disease and viraemia, while vaccinated animals were clinically protected and viraemia was completely prevented.
Patterns of excretion and antibody responses of pigs inoculated withSalmonellaDerby andSalmonellaCubana
Authors: Österberg J. , Sternberg Lewerin S. , Wallgren P. 
Published: October 2010

Groups of six, 10‐week‐old pigs were inoculated with 0.65 x 103, 0.65 x 106or 0.65 x 109colony‐forming units (cfu) ofSalmonellaCubana orSalmonellaDerby and then monitored for eight weeks for the faecal excretion ofSalmonellaspecies and the presence of serum antibodies. Eight tissue samples were collected postmortem from each pig and analysed forSalmonellaspecies. In general, the dose had a greater impact on the responses of the pigs than the serovar. However, in the groups inoculated with 0.65 x 106cfu,SCubana were excreted only by one pig during the first two days after infection, whereas the pigs inoculated withSDerby all shed the bacteria constantly for two weeks and then intermittently for several weeks. In the low dose groups none of the pigs excreted any detectable salmonella whereas all the pigs in both high dose groups shed salmonella constantly or intermittently throughout the eight weeks. All the 12 pigs inoculated with 0.65 x 106or 0.65 x 109cfu ofSDerby seroconverted during the study period, whereas all the pigs inoculated with 0.65 x 103remained seronegative. No serological response could be detected in the three groups of pigs inoculated withSCubana. In the postmortem samples both serovars were re‐isolated from the caecal contents and the colonic tissue, but the other organs and tissues were all negative except for one ileocaecal lymph node from a pig inoculated with 0.65 x 106cfu ofSDerby.
Structure and function of the bovine fetomaternal unit in relation to the causes of retained fetal membranes
Authors: McNaughton A. P. , Murray R. D. 
Published: October 2010

Approximately 5 per cent of dairy cows are affected by retained fetal membranes. Retained fetal membranes are an important risk factor for the metritis/endometritis disease complex occurring in early lactation, and costs the UK dairy industry approximately £16 million annually in lost production. Veterinary clinicians have described the clinical signs, treatment and some associated risk factors of the condition since early Victorian times, and these have not changed over time. Research carried out within the past 20 years suggests that there is an immunological basis for retained fetal membranes. In a normal calving, the maturation of the placenta and its separation from healthy caruncles depends upon incompatibility between maternal and fetal major histocompatibility complex class I expressed on epithelium within the fetomaternal unit. Placental maturation follows stimulation of the maternal immune response and the production of neutrophilactivating factors within the epithelium in the caruncular arcade. This affects the extracellular matrix components within the placentome, breaking down collagen within the chorionic villi and assisting in separation from the caruncle. Factors influencing normal placental maturation include downregulation of antioxidative defence mechanisms against reactive oxygen species, a lower ratio of prostaglandin E2to prostaglandin F2αwithin the fetomaternal compartments of the placentome, and an elevated steroid hormone receptor status, which reduces the rate of apoptosis occurring in the chorionic epithelium before calving.