bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
α-Enolase Expressed on the Surfaces of Monocytes and Macrophages Induces Robust Synovial Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Bae Seyeon , Kim Hyemin , Lee Naeun , Won Cheolhee , Kim Hang-Rae , Hwang Young-il , Song Yeong Wook , Kang Jae Seung , Lee Wang Jae 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
α-Enolase (ENO1) is a multifunctional glycolytic enzyme expressed abundantly in the cytosol. It has been implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Serum Abs against ENO1 were reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cell-surface expression of ENO1 has been found to be increased rapidly in response to inflammatory stimuli, but its expression and function has not been reported in RA. In this study, we show that cell-surface expression of ENO1 is increased on monocytes and macrophages isolated from RA patients but not on those from osteoarthritis patients, and Ab against ENO1 can stimulate these cells to produce higher amounts of proinflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1 α/β, IFN-γ, and PGE2 via p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathway. The frequency of ENO1-positive cells in synovial fluid mononuclear cells was higher than PBMCs. ENO1-positive cells were also found in the inflamed synovium from RA patients and arthritic ankle tissues of mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Taken together, these findings suggest that Abs against ENO1 present in RA sera may stimulate monocytes and macrophages expressing cell-surface ENO1 and contribute to production of proinflammatory mediators during the effector phase of synovial inflammation.
Differential Requirement of RasGRP1 for γδ T Cell Development and Activation
Authors: Chen Yong , Ci Xinxin , Gorentla Balachandra , Sullivan Sarah A. , Stone James C. , Zhang Weiguo , Pereira Pablo , Lu Jianxin , Zhong Xiao-Ping 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
γδ T (γδT) cells belong to a distinct T cell lineage that performs immune functions different from αβ T (αβT) cells. Previous studies established that Erk1/2 MAPKs are critical for positive selection of αβT cells. Additional evidence suggests that increased Erk1/2 activity promotes γδT cell generation. RasGRP1, a guanine nucleotide-releasing factor for Ras, plays an important role in positive selection of αβT cells by activating the Ras–Erk1/2 pathway. In this article, we demonstrate that RasGRP1 is critical for TCR-induced Erk1/2 activation in γδT cells, but it exerts different roles for γδT cell generation and activation. Deficiency of RasGRP1 does not obviously affect γδT cell numbers in the thymus, but it leads to increased γδT cells, particularly CD4−CD8+ γδT cells, in the peripheral lymphoid organs. The virtually unhindered γδT cell development in the RasGRP1−/− thymus proved to be cell intrinsic, whereas the increase in CD8+ γδT cells is caused by non–cell-intrinsic mechanisms. Our data provide genetic evidence that decreased Erk1/2 activation in the absence of RasGRP1 is compatible with γδT cell generation. Although RasGRP1 is dispensable for γδT cell generation, RasGRP1-deficient γδT cells are defective in proliferation following TCR stimulation. Additionally, RasGRP1-deficient γδT cells are impaired to produce IL-17 but not IFNγ. Together, these observations revealed that RasGRP1 plays differential roles for γδ and αβ T cell development but is critical for γδT cell proliferation and production of IL-17.
Clinicopathological analysis of eyelid malignancies - A review of 85 cases
Authors: Kale Satish M. , Patil Surendra B. , Khare Nishant , Math Mahantesh , Jain Arvind , Jaiswal Sumeet 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Background: Resection of eyelid malignancies leads to complex reconstructive problems due to the functional and aesthetic importance of an eyelid. Hence, a large number of such cases are referred to plastic surgery facilities. Eyelid malignancies are of varied histological types and the western and Asian data have considerable variations in case distribution and presentation. This study is an attempt to characterise these tumours in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: The present study is a retrospective analysis of 85 consecutive cases of eyelid malignancies that reported to a tertiary health care facility in central India over a 15-year period starting from January 1996 up to December 2009. The cases were analysed for their age of presentation, sex distribution, tumour location, delay in seeking treatment, recurrence rate and variations with respect to the pathological subtype. Observations: Mean age of presentation for all the malignancies was 59 years. The median age of presentation was 65 years for basal call carcinoma (BCC), 58 years for sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC), 55 years for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 45 years for malignant melanoma. There was slight female preponderance as 56.28% of the patients were females. The most common location of the tumour was lower lid (58.2%) for all the malignancies. BCC was the most common malignancy (48.2%) followed by SGC (31.2%) and SCC (13.7%). Mean duration of symptoms was 9 months (range 3-21 months). The most common presenting complaint was mass with ulceration across all histological subtypes. Other associated complaints included itching, discharge from eye, pain and ptosis. The mean size of tumour at diagnosis was 2.34 ± 0.4 cm for BCC, 2.19 ± 0.6 cm for SGC and 1.99 ± 0.7 cm for SCC. The mean rate of growth of BCC was 1.39 cm/year. The corresponding values for SGC and SCC were 3.63 and 4.89 cm/year, respectively. The rate of follow-up was 89% at 3 months, 71% at 6 months, 62% at 1 year and 31% at 5 years. Recurrence rate was 1.9% for BCC and 12.7% for SGC. Surgical methods used included wedge excision and primary closure, excision and skin grafting, and tarso-conjunctival flap. Conclusions: We recommend that the surgeons treating eyelid malignancies in India should have a high index of suspicion for SGC. A wider margin of 10 mm is recommended for SGC excision as opposed to 5 mm for BCC.
A clinical and demographic profile of the cleft lip and palate in Sub-Himalayan India: A hospital-based study
Authors: Dvivedi Jyoti , Dvivedi Sanjay 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To study the cleft lip and cleft palate in the poverty stricken Sub-Himalayan Garhwal region of India, being a commonly seen congenital abnormality and scarcity of studies about the demography of cleft in this region. Design: A prospective cohort observational case series was performed on 4657 cleft patients at a Tertiary care Hospital in Dehradun, India, over a period of 5 years. Outcome measures: The authors investigated the differences between age and sex with cleft status and family history of clefts, birth order, religion, socioeconomic status, parent literacy, source of information for treatment, haematological investigations showing the status of infection and coagulation in such children and satisfaction after treatment. Results: Seventy-two percent parents of cleft lip patients were illiterate, and only 8% were graduates, the majority of patients were from the low socioeconomic class. The siblings of 1.1% of the cleft patients had similar deformity. Anemia was seen in 83.16% cases which was commonly microcytic hypochromic type and eosinophilia was seen in 25.50% of cases. In the coagulation profile, International Nationalized Ratio was found to be raised in 52.12%. Almost 95% of the families were fully satisfied by the treatment and results. Conclusion: This study will provide baseline information on the status of these less privileged cleft patients in this mountainous region for future reference to health workers.
Easy method of centralized fixation of endotracheal tube in cleft lip and palate surgery
Authors: Bajaj S. P. , Chavan Navdeep , Sharma Arun 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTAs we all know that fixation of endotracheal tube is very important aspect in cleft palate and maxillofacial surgery. During cleft palate and oral surgery various methods of fixation and modified tubes are deviced to make surgery safer and ergonomically better. Our method consist of 3 point fixation of tube (RAE) with dynaplast, which is freely available, cheap and good Adhesive quality. Dynaplast divided into 3 phalanges (one central and two lateral) and one portion undivided as central limb. This undivided central limb is fixed in centre of chin and other 3 phalanges wrap around tube on either side. This fixation totally takes away any lateral movements of tube. This method can be used with any tube (RAE/ Oxford/Flexometallic). Our method is described for its simplicity, ease and convinence and result which impart universally similar results with all different members of our anesthetist team.
"Dimple"-matically correct - Revisiting the technique for the creation of a chin dimple
Authors: Mokal N. J. , Desai M. F. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe boom in cosmetic surgery has ushered in the age of the "designer dimple." In the current scenario where an increasing number of Indians are seeking cosmetic surgery, we present our technique for creation of chin dimples. We used this simple and straightforward technique in one patient. The principal steps of the technique include thinning the skin flap, creating a concave indentation in the mandibular symphysis, and obtaining an adhesion between the thinned skin flap and the indented bone. An aesthetically pleasing chin dimple was achieved. We propose that the bony contouring improves the chances of creating a permanent chin cleft or dimple. Our technique for creation of chin dimples aims to give an aesthetic and permanent result by altering the underlying contour of mandibular symphysis and achieving accurate skin coaptation with non-absorbable sutures.
Importance of dose intensity in treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer in the elderly
Authors: Prasad Narayanan , Bakshi Ashish , Deshmukh Chetan , Hingmire Sachin , Ranade AA , Parikh Purvish 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMaintaining appropriate dose intensity is important not only in the curative setting but also in treatment with palliative intent. We evaluated the outcome of advanced non small cell lung cancer treated with doublet platinum based chemotherapy. Outcome was compared between patients treated by medical oncologists at a tertiary cancer center and those treated by non medical oncologists in the community. The dose intensity, overall response rate and overall survival was significantly better when patients were treated by trained qualified and experienced medical oncologists. Hence, even in the palliative setting, cancer directed systemic therapy will yield maximum benefit for the patients when treated by medical oncologists.
Chronic myeloid leukemia: In pursuit of perfection
Authors: Jayakar Vishal 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe resounding success of imatinib (IM) as front line treatment in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has certainly made a paradigm shift in the therapeutic algorithm of this disorder. The precise targeting of the BCR-ABL oncogene in CML has entitled it to be the poster child of translational medicine with a well-deserved Oscar ovation from the oncology community. Clinicians are now empowered with first-, second- and third-generation tyrosine kinases, as well as advanced molecular tools to monitor disease and characterize resistance. We have come a long way in successfully managing these patients, but there are still a significant few unmet clinical needs which need addressing and targeting to optimize clinical outcomes. This review focuses on 4 such pertinent and relevant clinical issues, which still need ironing out to fulfill our ambition of achieving ‘perfection’ in this patient cohort.
Novel automated system for magnetic resonance imaging quantification of the inflamed synovial membrane volume in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Malattia C. , Damasio M. B. , Basso C. , Santoro M. , Verri A. , Pederzoli S. , Mattiuz C. , Viola S. , Buoncompagni A. , Madeo A. , Mazzoni M. , Rosendahl K. , Lambot‐Juhan K. , Tanturri de Horatio L. , Magnano G. M. , Ravelli A. , Martini A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo introduce a novel automated method for the quantification of the inflamed synovial membrane volume (SV) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to investigate its feasibility and validity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsThe tool was tested on 58 patients with JIA and wrist involvement. Thirty‐six patients had a 1‐year MRI followup. MRI of the clinically more affected wrist was performed using a 1.5T scanner and a Flex small coil. An algorithmic approach, based on supervised voxel classification for automatic estimation of SV in a 3‐dimensional MRI, was developed. The SV was estimated as the number of positively classified voxels and then normalized by the patient's body surface (NSV). Validation procedures included the analysis of reliability, construct validity, responsiveness to change, discriminant validity, and the predictive value.ResultsThe agreement between the automated estimation of NSV and the manual measurements was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.79–0.98). The automatic NSV demonstrated good construct validity by yielding strong correlations with local signs of disease activity and a moderate correlation with global physician assessment of disease activity and with the Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring system synovitis score. NSV showed a strong responsiveness to clinical change (standardized response mean values >1) and satisfactory discriminant validity. High baseline NSV (>4.6) had high predictive value (100%) with respect to erosive progression.ConclusionThe proposed automated method allowed reliable quantification of NSV, which represents a promising imaging biomarker of disease activity in JIA. The automated system has the potential to improve the longitudinal assessment of JIA and to predict progressive joint destruction.
Screening for signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis by family physicians and nurse practitioners using the Gait, Arms, Legs, and Spine musculoskeletal examination
Authors: Beattie Karen A. , MacIntyre Norma J. , Cividino Alfred 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Gait, Arms, Legs, and Spine (GALS) examination to screen for signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) when used by family physicians and nurse practitioners.MethodsParticipating health care professionals (2 rheumatologists, 3 family physicians, and 3 nurse practitioners) were trained to perform the GALS examination by viewing an instructional DVD and attending a training workshop. One week after training, the health care professionals performed the GALS examination on 20 individuals with RA and 21 individuals without RA. All participants were recruited through 2 rheumatology practices, and each participant was assessed by 4 health care professionals. The health care professionals were asked to record whether observed signs and symptoms were potentially consistent with a diagnosis of RA. The health care professionals understood the study objective to be their agreement on GALS findings among one another and were unaware that one‐half of the participants had RA. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to determine the ability of the GALS examination to screen for RA using the rheumatologist as the standard for comparison.ResultsSensitivity and specificity values varied from 60–100% and 70–82%, respectively, for the 3 family physicians, and 60–90% and 73–100%, respectively, for the 3 nurse practitioners.ConclusionFollowing a very short training period, family physicians and nurse practitioners appeared to be able to use the GALS examination as a screening tool for RA signs and symptoms, particularly for identifying an individual with positive results who will benefit from further investigation or rheumatology referral.
Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging–based knee cartilage T2 measurements and focal knee lesions with body mass index: Thirty‐six–month followup data from a longitudinal, observational multicenter study
Authors: Baum Thomas , Joseph Gabby B. , Nardo Lorenzo , Virayavanich Warapat , Arulanandan Ahilan , Alizai Hamza , Carballido‐Gamio Julio , Nevitt Michael C. , Lynch John , McCulloch Charles E. , Link Thomas M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based knee cartilage T2 measurements and focal knee lesions and 36‐month changes in these parameters among knees of normal controls and knees of normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects with risk factors for knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA total of 267 subjects ages 45–55 years from the Osteoarthritis Initiative database were analyzed in this study. Two hundred thirty‐one subjects had risk factors for knee OA, but no radiographic OA (Kellgren/Lawrence score ≤1) at baseline. Thirty‐six subjects were normal controls. Subjects with OA risk factors were stratified in 3 groups: normal weight (n = 78), overweight (n = 84), and obese (n = 69). All subjects underwent 3T MRI of the right knee at baseline and after 36 months. Focal knee lesions were assessed and cartilage T2 measurements (mean T2 and T2 texture analysis) were performed.ResultsThe baseline prevalence and severity of meniscal and cartilage lesions were highest in obese subjects and lowest in normal controls (P < 0.05). Obese subjects had the highest mean T2 values and the most heterogeneous cartilage (as assessed by T2 texture analysis), while normal controls had the lowest mean T2 values and the most homogeneous cartilage at baseline (P < 0.05). Increased body mass index (BMI) was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with greater progression of cartilage lesions and constantly elevated cartilage T2 entropy over 36 months.ConclusionIn preclinical OA, increased BMI is associated with more severe cartilage degeneration as assessed by both morphologic and quantitative MRI measurements.
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis prevalence in subjects with severe atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Zincarelli Carmela , Iervolino Salvatore , Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario , Miniero Enzo , Rengo Carlo , Di Gioia Luisa , Vitale Dino , Nicolino Antonio , Furgi Giuseppe , Pappone Nicola 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveDiffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is characterized by ossification of different entheseal sites. Several metabolic factors have been suggested to be involved in DISH development. We assessed the prevalence of DISH and its relationship to traditional vascular risk factors in a cohort of patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases.MethodsAmong the 521 consecutive patients admitted to the heart diseases rehabilitation program in our Rehabilitative Cardiology Unit, only those (n = 436) with recent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), a heart valve replacement (HVR), or congestive heart failure (CHF) were enrolled (45 CHF, 338 CABG, and 53 HVR). All patients underwent a rheumatologic examination, blood sample collections, and chest radiographs. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and information about sex, age, smoking habit, and other vascular risk factors were recorded. DISH was established according to the Resnick and Niwayama criteria.ResultsIn the setting (77.1% men), the mean ± SD age was 65.44 ± 9.66 years and the overall prevalence of DISH was 30.3%. A logistic regression analysis showed that both age (odds ratio [OR] 1.076, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.044–1.109; P < 0.001) and obesity (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.33–3.89; P = 0.003) were significant predictors of the presence of DISH. An increasing OR for the presence of DISH was found for increasing tertiles of age and BMI. No difference resulted according to other traditional vascular risk factors. BMI and age directly correlated with C‐reactive protein levels.ConclusionThe overall prevalence of DISH was 30.3%. This is expected because of the study population. Obese and older individuals exhibit a higher risk of DISH development.
Lithography‐Based Additive Manufacturing of Cellular Ceramic Structures
Authors: Felzmann Ruth , Gruber Simon , Mitteramskogler Gerald , Tesavibul Passakorn , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Liska Robert , Stampfl Jürgen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLithography‐based additive manufacturing technology is a layered manufacturing approach where liquid photopolymerizable resins are solidified with ultraviolet, visible, or infrared light. Using a system based on digital mirror devices, photopolymers can be exposed selectively in order to build parts with defined geometries. By modifying the system with a rotating building platform, suspensions with a high solid loading of ceramic powders can be processed, despite the high viscosity of these resins. Depending on the field of application, various formulations were developed for fabricating customized ceramic parts made of alumina, tricalcium phosphate, or bioactive glasses, respectively. On the one hand the influence of the ceramic filler on the mechanical properties is characterized, on the other hand the good precision and the high surface quality of the process system is discussed. For alumina filled resins a solid loading of 50 vol% was used to obtain fully dense parts (>99% of theoretical density) with high fracture strength (biaxial strength of 516 MPa).
NiMn‐Based Alloys and Composites for Magnetically Controlled Dampers and Actuators
Authors: Liu Jian , Scheerbaum Nils , Kauffmann‐Weiss Sandra , Gutfleisch Oliver 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAs a new class of magnetically driven active materials, magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloys show large strains of up to 10% in Ni2MnGa single crystal with a modulated martensitic structure. The magnetic field induced twin boundary motion can be exploited for actuators, sensors, and as it is an energy dissipating process, also for vibration damping devices. However, single crystals of Ni2MnGa are difficult to prepare and are inherently very brittle. One solution is the use of aligned MSM particles suspended in a stiffness‐matched polymer matrix. In this review, we focus on the preparation and characterization of textured NiMn‐based MSM composite. Essential issues, e.g., the criterion of polymer selection and the interface of MSM particles and polymer are discussed. Second aspect of the paper is to review recent developments in metamagnetic shape memory NiMn‐(In,Sn,Sb) systems which exhibit field‐driven multifunctional properties such as magnetocaloric effect, magnetoresistant change, magnetoelectricity, and thermoelectricity.
Flammability of Mg–X Binary Alloys
Authors: Prasad Arvind , Shi Zhiming , Atrens Andrej 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFlammability of Mg–X alloys was studied for X = Al, Ca, Si, Sn, Sr, La, Mn, Zn, Zr, Ce, Gd, and Nd. One end of a horizontal cylindrical specimen was subjected to a free diffusion liquid petroleum gas (LPG) flame. There was no burning without some melting of the specimen tip. Mg5%Gd, Mg3%Ca, and Mg5%Ca had considerable resistance to burning. Otherwise, on sufficient LPG flame exposure, there was melting and ignition of the specimen tip; any hot detached blob continued to burn until consumed, except for Mg1%Ca, Mg3%La, Mg3%Ce, and Mg5%Nd; and the burning specimen tip extinguished upon withdrawal of the applied LPG flame.