bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remediation of vehicle wash sediments contaminated with hydrocarbons: A field demonstration
Authors: Karthikeyan R. , Kulakow P.A. , Leven B.A. , Erickson L.E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMilitary training reservations contain vehicle wash facilities where combat vehicles and other equipment are washed after field maneuvers. During this process, sediments containing significant concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons accumulate in concrete sedimentation basins. Conventional treatment methods to decontaminate these sediments include landfill disposal or land application. However, vegetative remediation systems may offer a cost‐effective alternative. A phytoremediation design that reduces petroleum hydrocarbons to acceptable levels and is simple to manage was developed for the Central Vehicle Wash Facility at Fort Riley, Kansas. Two treatments using vegetation and fertilizer were compared to a treatment of fertilizer and no vegetation in a 3‐year study. Initial hydrocarbon concentrations, determined as total petroleum hydrocarbons, averaged about 800 mgTPH/kgsoil. All treatments resulted in reductions in total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations of about 75% after 1 year, suggesting that hydrocarbons in the motor vehicle wash sediments have high biodegradability. Although no significant differences in hydrocarbon degradation were observed among treatments, the benefits of establishing vegetation to cover sediments during treatment suggests phytoremediation as a useful low‐cost tool to manage similar hydrocarbon impacted vehicle wash sediments. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012
Combustion properties of asphalt binder containing flame retardant
Authors: Xu Tao , Huang Xiaoming 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYCombustion characteristics of asphalt binder containing flame retardant (magnesium hydroxide, MH) were investigated using thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and multistage combustion model of asphalt binder was developed. The results indicate that the combustion processes of asphalt binder and MH‐modified asphalt binder both include three main sequential stages. But with the MH concentration increase, the release amount of flammable volatiles is reduced, and the asphalt binder ignition time is delayed. Asphalt binder thermal stability is improved by incorporation of MH. At the same MH concentration, the kinetics parameters increase from the first to third stage. But in each stage, the kinetics parameters exhibit an increase trend in the first stage as the MH content increases, but in the second and third stages, the kinetics parameters show a trend of first increase and then decrease. Furthermore, the parameters reach the maximum at the concentration of around 20% by weight. This concentration may be appropriate for flame‐retarding asphalt binder. It is concluded that MH may be used as a new kind of environment‐friendly flame retardant for asphalt binder, and the developed thermal analysis kinetics model can be employed to evaluate the combustion characteristics of asphalt binder. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signal Extraction and Forecasting of the UK Tourism Income Time Series: A Singular Spectrum Analysis Approach
Authors: Beneki Christina , Eeckels Bruno , Leon Costas 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTWe present and apply singular spectrum analysis (SSA), a relatively new, non‐parametric and data‐driven method for signal extraction (trends, seasonal and business cycle components) and forecasting of UK tourism income. Our results show that SSA slightly outperforms SARIMA and time‐varying‐parameter state space models in terms of root mean square error, mean absolute error and mean absolute percentage error forecasting criteria. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wind parks in the German Bight – a challenge for geotechnics
Authors: Gudehus Gerd 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe foundations for offshore wind energy plants (OWEP) in the German Bight, with water depths of up to 30 m, are a challenge. Waves more than 20 m high can turn over meters of sandy ground, they tilt and lift embedded structures and can lead to capsizing. The sand can be re‐consolidated by normal waves, and some foundations right themselves and settle. This is due to the material properties of sand, which cannot easily be explained and can only partly be quantified. Some mechanisms of OWEP foundations can be observed in model tests, others in field tests and pilot plants. Scenarios with extreme waves require physically sound methods; code methods do not suffice. Experience with offshore production platforms cannot simply be transferred and is anyway often kept secret. Thus one has to break new ground for planning, building and maintenance of OWEP foundations.Windparks in der deutschen Bucht – Eine Herausforderung für die Geotechnik. Die Gründung von Offshore‐Windenergie‐ Anlagen (OWEA) in bis zu 30 m tiefen Bereichen der Deutschen Bucht ist schwierig. Über 20 m hohe Wellen wühlen den sandigen Grund metertief auf, sie verkanten und heben Tragwerke in ihm, das kann zum Kentern führen. Bei normalen Wellen kann der Sand sich wieder verdichten, manche Gründungen richten sich wieder auf und sacken ein. Dies beruht auf Materialeigenschaften von Sand, die sich nicht einfach erklären und nur teilweise quantifizieren lassen. Einige Mechanismen mit OWEAGründungen kann man in Modellversuchen erkennen, andere in Großversuchen und Pilotanlagen. Für Szenarios mit Extremwellen braucht man physikalisch fundierte Methoden, Standardverfahren genügen nicht. Erfahrungen mit Offshore‐Plattformen kann man nur bedingt übernehmen, zumal Überraschungen oft verschwiegen werden. So muss man beim Planen, Bauen und Erhalten flacher und tiefer OWEA‐Gründungen Neuland erschließen.
Kolkschutz für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen in der Nordsee
Authors: Heerten Georg , Peters Karsten 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMit der fortschreitenden Errichtung von Windenergieanlagen im Offshore‐Bereich der Nordsee rücken Fragen der langfristigen Standsicherheit dieser Anlagen in den Blickpunkt. Aufwändige Gründungsstrukturen in Wassertiefen von 10 bis 60 m sind ein erheblicher Kostenfaktor gegenüber Anlagen an Land. Fragen der Kolkentwicklung und mögliche Kolkschutzmaßnahmen sind zu untersuchen und zu lösen. Gegenüber traditionellen, aus mineralischen Komponenten geschütteten Kolkschutzvarianten finden Geokunststofflösungen zunehmend Beachtung, da sie einerseits den Einsatz örtlich anstehenden Bodenmaterials erlauben, vergleichsweise einfach und sicher einzubauen sind und andererseits keine Beschädigungen von Kabelzuführungen und Korrosionsschutz bei Stahlbauelementen der Anlagen zu befürchten sind. Der Beitrag berichtet über bisherige Erfahrungen zu Kolken und Kolkschutz bei Offshore‐Anlagen in der Nordsee sowie über den Stand der Technik der Bemessung, des Füllens und des Einbaus von Sandcontainern aus Vliesstoffen im Gründungsbereich von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen (OWEAs) und nimmt Bezug auf schon ausgeführte Untersuchungen.Scour protection for offshore wind energy generators in the North Sea. The increasing erection of offshore wind energy generators in the North Sea raises questions about the long‐term stability of such structures. Extensive foundation structures in water depths of 10 to 60 m are a significant cost factor compared to land installation. Questions about scour development and measures to protect against scour need to be investigated and solved. In contrast to traditional scour protection provided by tipping mineral components, geotechnical plastics are of increasing interest, because they permit the use of undisturbed ground on the site, are relatively simple and safe to install and also no damage to cable entries or corrosion protection of steel structures needs to be worried about. The article reports on experience so far with scour and scour protection for offshore facilities in the North Sea and the state of the technology in the design, filling and installation of sand containers made of geotextiles around the foundations of offshore wind energy facilities and also refers to investigations already performed.
Vibrex‐/Gürtelrüttlerpfähle – Anwendung in Polen
Authors: Świniański Jerzy , Wehr Jimmy 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFür die Erweiterung einer Raffinerie kamen erstmals in Polen Vibrex‐/Gürtelrüttlerpfähle zum Einsatz. Die Raffinerie liegt im Mündungsbereich eines Flusses und die Baugrundverhältnisse sind entsprechend schwierig. Sandiger Untergrund ist mit drei Schichten organischer Sedimente bis in eine Tiefe von maximal 18 bis 22 m angesprochen worden. Alle empfindlichen und schweren Gebäude und Anlagenteile sollten tief auf Pfählen gegründet werden, da die zulässigen Setzungen vom Bauherrn auf maximal 25 mm begrenzt wurden.Vor den eigentlichen Pfahlarbeiten wurden Pfahlversuche mit Erschütterungsmessungen ausgeführt. Statische Probebelastungen haben eine fast lineare Steifigkeit gezeigt. Bis 3.000 kN konnten nur zulässige Setzungen und keine Grenzlast nachgewiesen werden; die Pfahltragfähigkeiten sind deutlich größer als die zulässigen Lasten. Insgesamt wurden über 3.180 Pfähle (Vibrex‐, Schneckenbohrpfähle und MESI‐Mikropfähle) mit Längen von 15 bis 27 m ausgeführt. Darunter waren rund 1.440 Vibrexpfähle, die mit Gürtelrüttler hergestellt wurden. Die Vibrexpfähle konnten über die ganze Pfahllänge bewehrt werden, was für hohe Anlagenteile mit großen Zugkräften, z.B. Kamine, von großer Bedeutung war.Vibrex‐/Belt Vibrator Piles – application in Poland. For the capacity extension of a Polish refinery, Vibrex‐/belt vibrator piles have been executed in Poland for the first time. Complicated soil conditions were encountered consisting of three organic layers positioned in a depth of up to 22 m in sandy soils. Due to the client's limitation of the settlements to 25 mm, all heavy buildings had to be founded on piles. Pile vibration measurements have been executed prior to the works. Static load tests showed a linear stiffness and no ultimate load up to 3,000 kN. Over 3,180 Piles (Vibrex, CFA and MESI) with a length of 15 to 27 m have been executed, 1,440 thereof as Vibrex piles executed with a belt vibrator. They could be reinforced over their total length, which was of importance due to objects with big tension loads like chimneys.
Polyoxometalate‐Incorporated Supramolecular Self‐Assemblies: Structures and Functional Properties
Authors: Yan Yi , Wu Lixin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAs a family of functional inorganic clusters, polyoxometalates (POMs) were introduced into hybrid self‐assemblies with the assistance of the supramolecular interaction with diverse organic cationic molecules, which reinforced both the processibility and functionality of the POMs. This method not only improved the surface properties of the POMs, but also provided excellent amphiphilic building blocks for the construction of advanced self‐assembled nanostructures. In this review, we summarize the fundamental aspects of surfactant‐encapsulated POMs (SEPs) and the most recent progress in potential applications of SEPs and the related POM‐containing systems (hybrids composed of POMs and polymers and other cationic molecules beyond surfactants). The functionalization of such organic/inorganic hybrids in self‐assembled systems is also described. Furthermore, perspectives regarding self‐assemblies and possible applications of POM complexes with synergetic interactions between organic and inorganic components are outlined.
Convergent Total Synthesis of the Complex Non‐Ribosomal Peptide Polytheonamide B
Authors: Inoue Masayuki , Matsuoka Shigeru 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPolytheonamide B, isolated from the Japanese marine spongeTheonella swinhoei, is by far the largest non‐ribosomal peptide known to date, and displays potent cytotoxicity. Its 48 amino acid residues include a variety of non‐proteinogenicD‐ andL‐amino acids, and the chiralities of these amino acids alternate in sequence. These structural features induce the formation of a stable β6.3‐helical structure in the hydrophobic environment, giving rise to an overall tubular structure of 45 Å in length. In a biological setting, this fold is believed to transport cations across the lipid bilayer through a pore with an inner diameter of 4 Å, thereby acting as an ion channel. In this account, we describe in detail our total synthetic route to polytheonamide B. The total synthesis relies on a combination of four key stages: synthesis of eight non‐proteinogenic amino acids and an N‐terminus moiety, a solid phase assembly of four fragments of polytheonamide B, three Ag+‐mediated couplings of the fragments, and finally, acid‐promoted global deprotection. The generality and modularity of the developed strategy will enable future studies of the chemical and biological properties of this unusual ion‐channel‐forming peptide and its synthetic analogues.
Maitotoxin: An Inspiration for Synthesis
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Aversa Robert J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMaitotoxin holds a special place in the annals of natural products chemistry as the largest and most toxic secondary metabolite known to date. Its fascinating, ladder‐like, polyether molecular structure and diverse spectrum of biological activities elicited keen interest from chemists and biologists, who recognized its uniqueness and potential as a probe and inspiration for research in chemistry and biology. Synthetic studies in the area benefited from methodologies and strategies that were developed as part of chemical synthesis programs directed toward the total synthesis of some of the less complex members of the polyether marine biotoxin class, of which maitotoxin is the flagship. This account focuses on progress made in the authors’ laboratories in the synthesis of large maitotoxin domains with emphasis on methodology development, strategy design, and structural comparisons of the synthesized molecules with the corresponding regions of the natural product. The article concludes with an overview of maitotoxin’s biological profile and future perspectives.
A Decade of Oxothiomolybdenum Wheels: Synthesis, Behavior in Solution, and Electrocatalytic Properties
Authors: Lemonnier Jean‐François , Duval Sylvain , Floquet Sébastien , Cadot Emmanuel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe last decade has see the development of sulfur‐containing polyoxometalates (POTMs) as a subclass of the polyoxometalate family. The structural and physico‐chemical properties of this emerging class of compounds is dominating by the striking coordination properties of the [Mo2O2S2(OH2)6]2+ oxothio cation, used as a building block. The cyclic topology of this arrangement corresponds to the main feature of the {Mo2O2S2}‐based compounds, able to develop cycle‐based chemistry. The control of the linear oligomerization of the {Mo2O2S2} core is achieved by the presence of the anionic component, which acts as a template. Here, we report on recent examples which illustrate how the use of various template ions such as halide, sulfate, polyphosphate, and polycarboxylate anions allows to tune the nuclearity of the inorganic host from {Mo8} to {Mo18}. A special focus on behavior in solution is given, highlighting the dynamic and fluxional character of these host–guest systems. The Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY) 1H NMR, carried out on a large series of cycle‐based and capsule‐like compounds, demonstrates that such a method can be applied for the speciation of POM anions in solution. Finally, electrocatalytic behavior of the {Mo2O2S2}‐based compounds is presented. Preliminary results show that the electrocatalytic reduction of protons into hydrogen (HER) could constitute one of the most relevant applications for this class of molecular compounds.
Polyoxometalates in the Design of Effective and Tunable Water Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Geletii Yurii V. , Yin Qiushi , Hou Yu , Huang Zhuangqun , Ma Huiyuan , Song Jie , Besson Claire , Luo Zhen , Cao Rui , O'Halloran Kevin P. , Zhu Guibo , Zhao Chongchao , Vickers James W. , Ding Yong , Mohebbi Sajjad , Kuznetsov Aleksey E. , Musaev Djamaladdin G. , Lian Tianquan , Hill Craig L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWater oxidation catalysts (WOCs) are of core importance in several green energy production technologies, including water splitting and water reduction of CO2 driven by electrochemical potential and/or photons (radiant energy). General challenges in solar fuel generating structures, WOC design concepts, and some success‐limiting considerations in WOC development are described. The first class of WOCs are presented that combine the stability benefits of heterogeneous WOCs with the reactivity and other benefits of homogeneous WOCs.
Multimicroscopic study of curcumin effect on fixed nonmalignant and cancerous mammalian epithelial cells
Authors: Saab Marie‐belle , Estephan Elias , Bec Nicole , Larroque Marion , Aulombard Roger , Cloitre Thierry , Gergely Csilla 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe morphology changes, in particular the organization of microtubules in mammalian nonmalignant HMEC 184A1 and cancerous MCF‐7 cells during curcumin treatment have been investigated by utilizing multiphoton, fluorescence, and atomic force (AFM) microscopies. Fluorescence microscopy reveals formation of ring‐like structures of microtubules circumscribing the nuclear area in HMEC 184A1 cells after treatment, while in MCF‐7 cells, no important changes were observed. Topography analyses of fixed HMEC 184A1 and MCF‐7 before and after treatment with curcumin were performed using AFM and the effect of the employed cells' fixation method was investigated on MCF‐7 cells. Due to its indepth optical sectioning capacity multiphoton microscopy provided valuable complementary information on curcumin's effect on both cells' types. Combining information provided by AFM and optical fluorescence and biphoton microscopes allows us to gain a better understanding of the cells and their curcumin‐induced changes, especially for microtubules which are the main target of antitumor chemotherapy treatments. Our multimicroscopic study demonstrates that 6 h incubation with curcumin does not induce significant modifications in the interphase microtubules in the malignant MCF7cell, whereas it has measurable effects on those of the nonmalignant HMEC 184A1 cells, revealing also morphology modifications over the nuclear area of these cells. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Biological behavior of pre‐osteoblasts on natural hydroxyapatite: A study of signaling molecules from attachment to differentiation
Authors: Zambuzzi Willian F. , Ferreira Carmen V. , Granjeiro José M. , Aoyama Hiroshi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSeveral biomaterials have been widely used in bone regeneration in both orthopedic and oral surgeries. However, it is poorly understood how these biomaterials alter osteoblast phenotype. It prompted us to examine the involvement of signaling proteins during preosteoblast adhesion (attachment), proliferation, and differentiation on natural hydroxyapatite (HA) from bovine bone. Our results indicated that natural HA is able to promote osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The osteoblast/HA interaction requires phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of focal adhesion kinase, Src, and Paxillin upon integrin activation, which culminates in the control of cofilin phosphorylation (at serine 03) via rac‐1 activation. In part, these signaling pathways are responsible for actin‐rearrangement, responsible to adapt cell‐shape on HA particles. In regarding to osteoblast differentiation, we showed that natural HA favored extracellular matrix remodeling by stimulating matrix metalloproteinase activities and alkaline phosphatase activity. Overall, this study demonstrates that osteoblast response toward bovine bone HA is initially mediated by activation of focal adhesion components, culminating on actin‐rearrangement executed by cofilin activation via rac‐1. Moreover, bovine bone HA provided an excellent microenvironment for osteoblast activity, since adhesion to differentiation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Microsphere‐integrated drug‐eluting stents: PLGA microsphere integration in hydrogel coating for local and prolonged delivery of hydrophilic antirestenosis agents
Authors: Indolfi Laura , Causa Filippo , Giovino Concetta , Ungaro Francesca , Quaglia Fabiana , Netti Paolo Antonio 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe development of a novel generation of drug‐eluting stent (DES) relies upon the idea to obtain very flexible platforms able to overcome some issues associated to available devices and widen their field of application, especially to the currently emerging biotech therapeutics. Here, we propose a new concept of DES named microsphere‐integrated drug‐eluting stent (MIDES) composed of drug eluting biodegradable poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) microspheres—encapsulating an hydrophilic model molecule (dextran)—fully integrated in a poly(2‐hydroxy‐ethyl‐methacrylate) coating. By implementing a modified spray‐coating technique, we have been able to achieve a thin (10 μm), smooth, and homogeneous hydrogel surface embedding underneath a population of two different microparticles formulations—Dex502H and Dex506. The amount of drug can be tailored, resulting in a dextran loading as high as 1.4 μg/cm, by simply reiteration of coating layer deposition making the MIDES a custom‐made device where the release kinetics can be further modified by opportunely choosing microsphere properties. DES use is nowadays restricted to delivery of hydrophobic pharmaceuticals; release of hydrophilic therapeutics from MIDES can, however, be finely controlled by specifically engineering biodegradable microspheres. By varying polymer resomer, we obtained a tunable release rate in the first month of delivery. Depending on the microspheres properties release profile changes drastically moving from a biphasic release, in the case of Dex502H, with a burst of about 20% in the first day to a more sustained release for Dex506 particles. As proof of principle, we also demonstrated that MIDES approach can allows the delivery of two different agents opening up the way to a multitherapy in restenosis treatment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Biomechanical, histological and ultrastructural analyses of laser micro‐ and nano‐structured titanium implant after 6 months in rabbit
Authors: Palmquist Anders , Emanuelsson Lena , Brånemark Rickard , Thomsen Peter 
Published: March 2011

AbstractShort‐term, experimental studies of partly laser‐modified implants with nano‐scale surface topographical features have recently shown a considerable increase in the biomechanical anchorage to bone. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biomechanical and bone‐bonding ability of partly laser‐modified implants compared with machined implants after a healing period of 6 months in a rabbit model. The results showed a 170% increase in removal torque. Histology and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated osseointegration for both implant types, but also revealed a different fracture pattern at the interface and in the bone. Transmission electron microscopy and chemical analysis showed coalescence between mineralized tissue and the nano‐structured surface of the laser modified implant. Taken together, the results indicate that nano‐structured surfaces promote in vivo long‐term bone bonding and interface strength. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.