bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivoeffects of murine mesenchymal stem cells on T-cell proliferation and collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Schurgers Evelien , Kelchtermans Hilde , Mitera Tania , Geboes Lies , Matthys Patrick 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Introduction
The goal of this study is to analyze the potential immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on T cell proliferation and in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). An additional aim is to investigate the role of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in these processes.

Methods
MSC were isolated from bone marrow of DBA/1 wild type and IFN-γ receptor knock-out (IFN-γR KO) mice and expanded in vitro. Proliferation of anti-CD3-stimulated CD4+ T cells in the presence or absence of MSC was evaluated by thymidine incorporation. CIA was induced in DBA/1 mice and animals were treated with MSC by intravenous or intraperitoneal injections of wild type or IFN-γR KO MSC.

Results
Purity of enriched MSC cultures was evaluated by flow cytometry and their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. In vitro, wild type MSC dose-dependently suppressed anti-CD3-induced T cell proliferation whereas IFN-γR KO MSC had a significantly lower inhibitory potential. A role for inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), but not indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase (IDO), in the T cell inhibition was demonstrated. In vivo, neither wild type nor IFN-γR KO MSC were able to reduce the severity of CIA or the humoral or cellular immune response toward collagen type II.

Conclusions
Whereas MSC inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of T cells in vitro, an effect partially mediated by IFN-γ, MSC do not influence in vivo T cell proliferation nor the disease course of CIA. Thus there is a clear discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo effects of MSC on T cell proliferation and CIA.
Survival and Years of Life Lost in Different Age Cohorts of Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Ludwig Heinz , Bolejack Vanessa , Crowley John , Bladé Joan , Miguel Jesus San , Kyle Robert A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Shimizu Kazuyuki , Turesson Ingemar , Westin Jan , Sonneveld Pieter , Cavo Michele , Boccadoro Mario , Palumbo Antonio , Tosi Patrizia , Harousseau Jean-Luc , Attal Michel , Barlogie Bart , Stewart A. Keith , Durie Brian 
Published: February 2010

Purpose To assess the impact of age on outcome and to analyze the projected years of life lost in patients with multiple myeloma. Patients and Methods Ten thousand five hundred forty-nine patients were evaluated; 6,996 patients were treated with conventional chemotherapy, and 3,553 patients were treated with high-dose therapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation. Results Mean observed and relative overall survival times in the entire cohort were 3.7 and 3.9 years, respectively. Observed survival decreased steadily from 6.4 years in patients younger than age 50 years to 2.5 years in patients ≥ age 80 years. A similar decrease was noted for relative survival. Higher age correlated significantly with higher International Staging System (ISS) stage. Relative excess risk of death differed significantly between 10-year age cohorts beginning from age 40 years (P < .001 for age 50 to 59 v age 40 to 49, P < .001 for age 60 to 69 v age 50 to 59, P < .001 for age 70 to 79 v age 60 to 69, and P = .009 for age ≥ 80 v 70 to 79). The average years of life lost per patient was 16.8 years in the entire patient cohort and decreased steadily from 36.1 years in patients younger than 40 years old to 4.6 years in patients ≥ age 80 years. Conclusion Age is associated with higher ISS stage and is an important risk factor for early mortality. Survival declined continuously by each decade from age 50 to age ≥ 80 from more than 6 to less than 3 years. The average of years of life lost in patients with myeloma is higher than in many other cancers and amounts to more than 30 years in patients younger than 40 years old but decreases to less than 5 years in patients age 80 years or older.
Early Detection of Superficial Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Head and Neck Region and Esophagus by Narrow Band Imaging: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Muto Manabu , Minashi Keiko , Yano Tomonori , Saito Yutaka , Oda Ichiro , Nonaka Satoru , Omori Tai , Sugiura Hitoshi , Goda Kenichi , Kaise Mitsuru , Inoue Haruhiro , Ishikawa Hideki , Ochiai Atsushi , Shimoda Tadakazu , Watanabe Hidenobu , Tajiri Hisao , Saito Daizo 
Published: February 2010

Purpose Most of the esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) and cancers of the head and neck (H&N) region are diagnosed at later stages. To achieve better survival, early detection is necessary. We compared the real-time diagnostic yield of superficial cancer in these regions between conventional white light imaging (WLI) and narrow band imaging (NBI) in high-risk patients. Patients and Methods In a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial, 320 patients with ESCC were randomly assigned to primary WLI followed by NBI (n = 162) or primary NBI followed by WLI (n = 158) in a back-to-back fashion. The primary aim was to compare the real-time detection rates of superficial cancer in the H&N region and the esophagus between WLI and NBI. The secondary aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these techniques. Results NBI detected superficial cancer more frequently than did WLI in both the H&N region and the esophagus (100% v 8%, P < .001; 97% v 55%, P < .001, respectively). The sensitivity of NBI for diagnosis of superficial cancer was 100% and 97.2% in the H&N region and the esophagus, respectively. The accuracy of NBI for diagnosis of superficial cancer was 86.7% and 88.9% in these regions, respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy were significantly higher using NBI than WLI in both regions (P < .001 and P = .02 for the H&N region; P < .001 for both measures for the esophagus, respectively). Conclusion NBI could be the standard examination for the early detection of superficial cancer in the H&N region and the esophagus.
Prognostic Significance of Focal Lesions in Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Asymptomatic Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Hillengass Jens , Fechtner Kerstin , Weber Marc-André , Bäuerle Tobias , Ayyaz Sofia , Heiss Christiane , Hielscher Thomas , Moehler Thomas M. , Egerer Gerlinde , Neben Kai , Ho Anthony D. , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Delorme Stefan , Goldschmidt Hartmut 
Published: February 2010

Purpose With whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (wb-MRI), almost the whole bone marrow compartment can be examined in patients with monoclonal plasma cell disease. Focal lesions (FLs) detected by spinal MRI have been of prognostic significance in symptomatic multiple myeloma (sMM). In this study, we investigated the prognostic significance of FLs in wb-MRI in patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma (aMM). Patients and Methods Wb-MRI was performed in 149 patients with aMM. The prognostic significance of the presence and absence, as well as the number, of FLs for progression into sMM was analyzed. Results FLs were present in 28% of patients. The presence per se of FLs and a number of greater than one FL were the strongest adverse prognostic factors for progression into sMM (P < .001) in multivariate analysis. A diffuse infiltration pattern in MRI, a monoclonal protein of 40 g/L or greater, and a plasma cell infiltration in bone marrow of 20% or greater were other adverse prognostic factors for progression-free survival in univariate analysis. Conclusion We recommend use of wb-MRI for risk stratification of patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma.
Why Patients of Low Socioeconomic Status with Mental Health Problems Have Shorter Consultations with General Practitioners
Authors: Videau Yann , Saliba-Serre Bérengère , Paraponaris Alain , Ventelou Bruno 
Published: February 2010

Objective Poor people receive shorter consultations in general practice than more affluent people. Our aim was to study the two reasons generally advanced for this for patients consulting with mental health problems: people of low socioeconomic status (SES) demand shorter consultations or they tend to match with practitioners who devote little time to their patients. Methods Of 600 general practitioners (GPs), 144 agreed to participate. During the study period (2005), 713 patients consulted with mental health problems of whom 405 (56.8%) completed questionnaires. Of these, 144 (34.8%) were defined as suffering from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Multilevel modelling was used to explore the relationship between patient and GP characteristics, and duration of the consultation. Results A multivariate model found two significant patient variables for the consultation duration: severity of MDD symptoms (P = 0.01) and SES (proxied by education level, P = 0.05). The multilevel model including GPs’ characteristics demonstrated that the apparent correlation between patients’ SES and consultation length was due to a confounding factor: low SES patients were visiting GPs who are, generally, providing shorter consultations (P < 0.001). With the SES variable no longer significant: P = 0.2, although severity of symptoms remained in the model (P = 0.001). Conclusion The shortness of the consultation length is due to a supply-side effect, implicating dissatisfaction for patients with mental health problems. This may not be generalizable to other patients. Findings are in favour of a specific intervention aimed at giving poor people equal access to GPs’ time.
Identification of a Maize Locus That Modulates the Hypersensitive Defense Response, Using Mutant-Assisted Gene Identification and Characterization
Authors: Chintamanani Satya , Hulbert Scot H , Johal Gurmukh S , Balint-Kurti Peter J 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Potentially useful naturally occurring genetic variation is often difficult to identify as the effects of individual genes are subtle and difficult to observe. In this study, a novel genetic technique called Mutant-Assisted Gene Identification and Characterization is used to identify naturally occurring loci modulating the hypersensitive defense response (HR) in maize. Mutant-Assisted Gene Identification and Characterization facilitates the identification of naturally occurring alleles underlying phenotypic variation from diverse germplasm, using a mutant phenotype as a “reporter.” In this study the reporter phenotype was caused by a partially dominant autoactive disease resistance gene, Rp1-D21, which caused HR lesions to form spontaneously all over the plant. Here it is demonstrated that the Rp1-D21 phenotype is profoundly affected by genetic background. By crossing the Rp1-D21 gene into the IBM mapping population, it was possible to map and identify Hrml1 on chromosome 10, a locus responsible for modulating the HR phenotype conferred by Rp1-D21. Other loci with smaller effects were identified on chromosomes 1 and 9. These results demonstrate that Mutant-Assisted Gene Identification and Characterization is a viable approach for identifying naturally occurring useful genetic variation.
Infectious Disease and Risk of Later Celiac Disease in Childhood
Authors: Welander Adina , Tjernberg Anna Röckert , Montgomery Scott M. , Ludvigsson Johnny , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to examine whether parent-reported infection at the time of gluten introduction increases the risk of future celiac disease (CD).

METHODS:
Through the population-based All Infants in Southeast Sweden study, parents recorded data on feeding and infectious disease prospectively. Complete data on gluten introduction and breastfeeding duration were available for 9408 children. Those children had 42 826 parent-reported episodes of infectious disease in the first year of life (including 4003 episodes of gastroenteritis). We identified 44 children with biopsy-verified CD diagnosed after 1 year of age, and we used Cox regression to estimate the risk of future CD for children with infection at gluten introduction.

RESULTS:
Eighteen children with CD (40.9%) had an infection at the time of gluten introduction, compared with 2510 reference individuals (26.8%; P = .035). Few children had gastroenteritis at the time of gluten introduction (1 child with CD [2.3%] vs 166 reference individuals [1.8%]; P = .546). With adjustment for age at gluten introduction and breastfeeding duration, we found no association between a future diagnosis of CD and either any infection (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.8 [95% confidence interval: 0.9–3.6]) or gastroenteritis (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.6 [95% confidence interval: 0.2–30.8]) at the time of gluten introduction. We found no associations between breastfeeding duration, age at gluten introduction, and future CD.

CONCLUSION:
These results indicate that parent-reported infection at the time of gluten introduction is not a major risk factor for CD.
Clinical Assessment of Extremely Premature Infants in the Delivery Room Is a Poor Predictor of Survival
Authors: Manley Brett J. , Dawson Jennifer A. , Kamlin C. Omar F. , Donath Susan M. , Morley Colin J. , Davis Peter G. 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND:
Some neonatologists state that at the delivery of extremely premature infants they rely on “how the baby looks” when deciding whether to initiate resuscitation. Previous studies have reported poor correlation between early clinical signs and prognosis.

OBJECTIVE:
To determine if neonatologists can accurately predict survival to discharge of extremely premature infants on the basis of observations in the first minutes after birth.

METHODS:
We showed videos of the resuscitation of 10 extremely premature infants (&lt;26 weeks' gestation) to attending neonatologists and fellows from the 3 major perinatal centers in Melbourne, Australia. Antenatal information was available to the observers. A monitor visible in each video displayed the heart rate and oxygen saturation of the infant. Observers were asked to estimate the likelihood of survival to discharge for each infant at 3 time points: 20 seconds, 2 minutes, and 5 minutes after birth. The predictive ability of observers was expressed as the area (95% confidence interval [CI]) under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve.

RESULTS:
Seventeen attending neonatologists and 17 neonatal fellows completed the study. Receiver-operating-characteristic curves were generated for the combined and individual groups. Observers' ability to predict survival was poor (combined results): 0.61 (95% CI: 0.54–0.67) at 20 seconds, 0.59 (95% CI: 0.52–0.64) at 2 minutes, and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.55–0.67) at 5 minutes. Level of experience did not affect the observers' accuracy of predicting survival.

CONCLUSION:
Neonatologists' reliance on initial appearance and early response to resuscitation in predicting survival for extremely premature infants is misplaced.
Childhood Obesity and Survival After In-Hospital Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Srinivasan Vijay , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Helfaer Mark A. , Carey Scott M. , Berg Robert A. ,   for the American Heart Association National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Investigators
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:We hypothesized that childhood obesity would be associated with decreased likelihood of survival to hospital discharge after in-hospital, pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).METHODS:We reviewed 1477 consecutive, pediatric, CPR index events (defined as the first CPR event during a hospitalization in that facility for a patient &lt;18 years of age) reported to the American Heart Association National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation between January 2000 and July 2004. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. A total of 1268 index subjects (86%) with complete registry data were included for analysis. Children were classified as obese (≥95th weight-for-length percentile if &lt;2 years of age or ≥95th BMI-for-age percentile if ≥2 years of age) or underweight (&lt;5th weight-for-length percentile if &lt;2 years of age or &lt;5th BMI-for-age percentile if ≥2 years of age), with adjustment for gender.RESULTS:Obesity was noted for 213 (17%) of 1268 subjects and underweight for 571 (45%) of 1268 subjects. Obesity was more likely to be associated with male gender, noncardiac medical illness, and cancer and inversely associated with heart failure. Underweight was more likely to be associated with male gender, cardiac surgery, and prematurity and inversely associated with age and cancer. Self-reported, process-of-care, CPR quality was generally worse for obese children. With adjustment for important potential confounding factors, obesity was independently associated with worse odds of event survival (adjusted odds ratio: 0.58 [95% confidence interval: 0.35–0.76]) and survival to hospital discharge (adjusted odds ratio: 0.62 [95% confidence interval: 0.38–0.93]) after in-hospital, pediatric CPR. Underweight was not associated with worse outcomes.CONCLUSIONS:Childhood obesity is associated with a lower rate of survival to hospital discharge after in-hospital, pediatric CPR.
Linking environmental nutrient enrichment and disease emergence in humans and wildlife
Authors: Johnson Pieter T. J. , Townsend Alan R. , Cleveland Cory C. , Glibert Patricia M. , Howarth Robert W. , McKenzie Valerie J. , Rejmankova Eliska , Ward Mary H. 
Published: February 2010

Worldwide increases in human and wildlife diseases have challenged ecologists to understand how large‐scale environmental changes affect host–parasite interactions. One of the most profound changes to Earth's ecosystems is the alteration of global nutrient cycles, including those of phosphorus (P) and especially nitrogen (N). Along with the obvious direct benefits of nutrient application for food production, anthropogenic inputs of N and P can indirectly affect the abundance of infectious and noninfectious pathogens. The mechanisms underpinning observed correlations, however, and how such patterns vary with disease type, have long remained conjectural. Here, we highlight recent experimental advances to critically evaluate the relationship between environmental nutrient enrichment and disease. Given the interrelated nature of human and wildlife disease emergence, we include a broad range of human and wildlife examples from terrestrial, marine, and freshwater ecosystems. We examine the consequences of nutrient pollution on directly transmitted, vector‐borne, complex life cycle, and noninfectious pathogens, including West Nile virus, malaria, harmful algal blooms, coral reef diseases, and amphibian malformations.Our synthetic examination suggests that the effects of environmental nutrient enrichment on disease are complex and multifaceted, varying with the type of pathogen, host species and condition, attributes of the ecosystem, and the degree of enrichment; some pathogens increase in abundance whereas others decline or disappear. Nevertheless, available evidence indicates that ecological changes associated with nutrient enrichment often exacerbate infection and disease caused by generalist parasites with direct or simple life cycles. Observed mechanisms include changes in host/vector density, host distribution, infection resistance, pathogen virulence or toxicity, and the direct supplementation of pathogens. Collectively, these pathogens may be particularly dangerous because they can continue to cause mortality even as their hosts decline, potentially leading to sustained epidemics or chronic pathology. We suggest that interactions between nutrient enrichment and disease will become increasingly important in tropical and subtropical regions, where forecasted increases in nutrient application will occur in an environment rich with infectious pathogens. We emphasize the importance of careful disease management in conjunction with continued intensification of global nutrient cycles.
Application of Linear Flow Analysis to Shale Gas Wells—Field Cases
Authors: Al-Ahmadi Hasan A. , Almarzooq Anas M. , Wattenbarger R. A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIt has often been observed that tight gas wells behave as though they are controlled by transient linear flow. This behavior can be seen as a "half-slope" on a type curve and certain reservoir parameters can be evaluated. There can be many causes of linear flow, so the engineer must choose the most likely model for a particular well. Linear flow behavior has also been observed in shale gas wells but these wells tend to exhibit a significant "skin effect" that is not so common in tight gas wells. This "skin effect" can mask early linear behavior but may be accounted for with a modified equation form which is presented in this paper.Two mathematical models are presented which represent plausible relationships between fractures and matrix rock. Each model can be fit by linear dual porosity solutions. But in either case observed production rates can be represented by transient linear flow out of the matrix since the transient flow in the fracture system dies out in just hours or a few days. Calculation procedures are given which can be used to calculate size of the drainage volume, and the area of the interfaces between the hydraulic fractures and the rock matrix, Acm, and the matrix permeability in some cases. The numerical value of Acm may provide useful information in evaluating a well's completion and stimulation effectiveness. Both the "skin effect" and "drawdown dependence" are accounted for in the proposed method.Several field examples are presented which show ideal applications of the calculation procedures as well as other cases for which the method does not seem to apply, or at least does not work so well. Some factors that may cause difficulties in analyzing flow behavior are liquid loading, interference with adjacent wells, and fracture patterns that cannot be represented by our idealized model. The proposed method should be thought of as idealized models which may be found to be useful in analyzing production data from shale gas wells in their early life. Other methods may be more useful and more accurate in a well's later life.
Continuous Estimation of Ultimate Recovery
Authors: Currie S. M. , Ilk D. , Blasingame T. A. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Gas in place/reserves estimation in unconventional (low/ultra-low permeability) reservoirs has become a topic of increased interest as more of these resources are being developed domestically and internationally. Production data from these unconventional gas reservoirs exhibit extended periods of transient/transition flow behavior that often lead to the overestimation of gas in place/reserves with the use of simple rate-time extrapolation techniques.
In this work we show that the analysis of production data (particularly rate-time data) before the onset of boundary dominated flow for these unconventional gas reservoirs leads to significant overestimation of gas in place/reserves. Consequently, we introduce the concept of "continuous estimation of ultimate recovery" (or "continuous EUR") where estimation of reserves from a single gas well is performed in a dynamic fashion — in other words we continuously estimate the reserves for selected time intervals throughout the producing life of the well.
We have applied the "continuous EUR" method by using simple rate-time relations such as the Arps' "hyperbolic" rate decline relation and the power-law exponential rate decline relation along with the straight line extrapolation technique, which provides a lower limit for EUR. We present the application of the "continuous EUR" method with a simulated tight gas data set and four (tight gas) field data sets. Our analyses show that the distinction in the flow behavior is more evident and the uncertainty in reserves estimation decreases significantly when reserves are evaluated continuously.