bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the size and scope of the academic emergency physician workforce
Authors: Gettel Cameron J. , Camargo Carlos A. , Bennett Christopher L. , Courtney D. Mark , Kaji Amy H. , Fermann Gregory J. , Gallahue Fiona E. , Nelson Lewis S. , Hebbard Carleigh F. , Rothenberg Craig , Raja Ali S. , Venkatesh Arjun K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcademic emergency medicine (EM) is foundational to the EM specialty through the development of new knowledge and clinical training of resident physicians. Despite recent increased attention to the future of the EM workforce, no evaluations have specifically characterized the U.S. academic EM workforce. We sought to estimate the national proportion of emergency physicians (EPs) identified as academic and the proportion of emergency department (ED) visits that take place at academic sites.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of EPs and EDs using data from the American Hospital Association, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and Doximity's Residency Navigator. EPs were identified as “academic” if they were affiliated with at least one facility determined to be academic, defined as EDs officially designated by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) as clinical training sites at accredited EM residency programs. Our primary outcomes were to estimate the national proportion of EPs identified as academic and the proportion of ED visits performed at academic sites.ResultsOur analytic sample included 26,937 EPs practicing clinically across 4920 EDs and providing care during 130,471,386 ED visits. Among EPs, 11,720 (43.5%) were identified as academic, and among EDs, 635 (12.9%) were identified as academic sites, including 585 adult/general sites, 45 pediatric‐specific sites, and 10 sites affiliated with the Department of Veterans Affairs. In 2021, academic EDs provided care for 42,794,106 ED visits or 32.8% of all ED visits nationally.ConclusionsApproximately four in 10 EPs practice in at least one clinical training site affiliated with an ACGME‐accredited EM residency program, and approximately one in three ED visits nationally occur in these academic EDs. We encourage further work using alternative definitions of an academic EPs and EDs, along with longitudinal research to identify trends in the workforce's composition.
A retrospective study of the characteristics and toxicology of cases of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)‐ and psilocybin‐related death in Australia
Authors: Darke Shane , Duflou Johan , Peacock Amy , Farrell Michael , Hall Wayne , Lappin Julia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsLysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are used as recreational drugs, and there is renewed interest in their clinical use. The current study aimed to (1) determine the circumstances of death and case characteristics of LSD‐ and psilocybin‐related death in Australia, 2000–23; and (2) determine the toxicological profile and major autopsy findings of these cases.MethodsThis was a retrospective exploratory study of all cases of LSD‐ and psilocybin‐related death in Australia, 2000–23, retrieved from the National Coronial Information System.ResultsA total of 43 cases were identified: 33 LSD and 10 psilocybin. The median ages were 24 years [interquartile range (IQR) = 13, range = 16–53] (LSD) and 26 years (IQR = 18.5, range = 20–58) (psilocybin), and fewer than five cases were female. The most common circumstance of death among both groups was traumatic accident (LSD 36.4%, psilocybin 40.0%). There were 12 cases of self‐harm, all of which involved LSD, all by physical means. In a fifth, death was attributed to multiple drug toxicity (LSD 18.2%, psilocybin 20.0%). In one case, death was attributed solely to LSD toxicity, while in a further two cases death was attributed to a cardiovascular event following LSD consumption (one LSD only, one multiple drug toxicity). In four psilocybin cases, the cause of death was undetermined. The most common clinical presentation was severe agitation (LSD 27.3%, psilocybin 20.0%). Median blood concentrations were LSD 0.8 μg/l (IQR = 1.7, range = 0.1–3), psilocin 20 μg/l (IQR = 53.5, range = 6–83). LSD was the only drug present in 25.0% of LSD cases and psilocybin in 20.0% of psilocybin cases. Pre‐existing organ pathology was uncommon.ConclusionsLysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)‐ and psilocybin‐related death in Australia from 2000 to 2023 was primarily due to traumatic injury, whether through accident or self‐harm. Cases of acute toxic reactions that were attributed solely to LSD were rare.
HIV and prior exposure to antiretroviral therapy alter tumour composition and tumour: T‐cell associations in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Coelho Jenny , Roush Sophia M. , Xu Alexander M. , Puranam Kaushik , Mponda Marriam , Kasonkanji Edwards , Mulenga Maurice , Tomoka Tamiwe , Galeotti Jonathan , Brownlee Amy , Ghadially Hormas , Damania Blossom , Painschab Matthew , Merchant Akil , Gopal Satish , Fedoriw Yuri 
Published: May 2024

SummaryDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of lymphoma worldwide, accounting for up to 40% of new non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) globally. People living with HIV are up to 17 times more likely to develop NHL, and as such, DLBCL is the leading cause of cancer death in this high‐risk population. While histologically indistinguishable, HIV‐associated (HIV+) and HIV‐negative (HIV−) DLBCL are molecularly distinct, and biological differences may have implications for the development of future therapeutic interventions. Further, the impact of immunologic differences in people with HIV, including preceding ART, remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate the impact of HIV infection and ART exposure on the clinical features of DLBCL and T‐cell immune response by performing imaging mass cytometry on our unique patient cohort in Malawi. In this cohort, HIV infection is positively prognostic, and HIV+/ART‐naïve patients have the best outcomes. No established biomarkers other than Ki67 are associated with HIV or ART status, and the only tumour‐intrinsic biomarkers that remain prognostic are MYC and MYC/BCL2 protein co‐expression. Finally, TCR clonality is associated with distinct tumour‐T cell interactions by HIV/ART status, indicating differential anti‐tumour immune responses. We demonstrate previously undescribed HIV and ART‐related differences in the DLBCL tumour microenvironment.
A new abelisaurid dinosaur from the end Cretaceous of Patagonia and evolutionary rates among the Ceratosauria
Authors: Pol Diego , Baiano Mattia Antonio , Černý David , Novas Fernando E. , Cerda Ignacio A. , Pittman Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGondwanan dinosaur faunae during the 20 Myr preceding the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K/Pg) extinction included several lineages that were absent or poorly represented in Laurasian landmasses. Among these, the South American fossil record contains diverse abelisaurids, arguably the most successful groups of carnivorous dinosaurs from Gondwana in the Cretaceous, reaching their highest diversity towards the end of this period. Here we describe Koleken inakayali gen. et sp. n., a new abelisaurid from the La Colonia Formation (Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia. Koleken inakayali is known from several skull bones, an almost complete dorsal series, complete sacrum, several caudal vertebrae, pelvic girdle and almost complete hind limbs. The new abelisaurid shows a unique set of features in the skull and several anatomical differences from Carnotaurus sastrei (the only other abelisaurid known from the La Colonia Formation). Koleken inakayali is retrieved as a brachyrostran abelisaurid, clustered with other South American abelisaurids from the latest Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian), such as Aucasaurus, Niebla and Carnotaurus. Leveraging our phylogeny estimates, we explore rates of morphological evolution across ceratosaurian lineages, finding them to be particularly high for elaphrosaurine noasaurids and around the base of Abelisauridae, before the Early Cretaceous radiation of the latter clade. The Noasauridae and their sister clade show contrasting patterns of morphological evolution, with noasaurids undergoing an early phase of accelerated evolution of the axial and hind limb skeleton in the Jurassic, and the abelisaurids exhibiting sustained high rates of cranial evolution during the Early Cretaceous. These results provide much needed context for the evolutionary dynamics of ceratosaurian theropods, contributing to broader understanding of macroevolutionary patterns across dinosaurs.
Strategic behavior, artistic integrity, and tradeoffs in popular music
Authors: Weinbach Andrew , Njoroge Phillip Kamau , Salvino Robert , Woodside Arch 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examines market concentration's influence on popular music. The data cover popular music from weekly Billboard Hot 100 songs from 1952 to 1989, for which song characteristic data including tempo and duration is available from the Million Song Dataset (MSD). Greater market concentration of the top four artists is found to impact song length, with longer #1 songs and shorter songs in the #2 through #10 spots on the Billboard charts. However, tests for alterations in song construction by top artists that might indicate a form of “sell‐out” behavior do not reveal evidence of it.
1087. Zingiber procumbens Nob.Tanaka & M.M.Aung: Zingiberaceae
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Yoneda Kaoru 
Published: May 2024

SummaryZingiber procumbens Nob.Tanaka & M.M.Aung, a ginger endemic to Myanmar, is described and illustrated. The habitat of this species in the Karen Hills, Kayah State in Myanmar is shown. A brief taxonomic history of this species and its discovery is also provided; a description of its fruits and seeds is given here for the first time.
S2k guideline for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa / acne inversa – Short version
Authors: Zouboulis Christos C. , Bechara Falk G. , Fritz Klaus , Goebeler Matthias , Hetzer Frank H. , Just Elke , Kirsten Natalia , Kokolakis Georgios , Kurzen Hjalmar , Nikolakis Georgios , Pinter Andreas , Podda Maurizio , Rosinski Kerstin , Schneider‐Burrus Sylke , Taube Klaus‐M. , Volz Thomas , Winkler Thomas , Kristandt Anna , Presser Dagmar , Zouboulis Viktor A. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe S2k guideline on hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS/AI) aims to provide an accepted decision aid for the selection/implementation of appropriate/sufficient therapy. HS/AI is a chronic recurrent, inflammatory, potentially mutilating skin disease of the terminal hair follicle‐glandular apparatus, with painful, inflammatory lesions in the apocrine gland‐rich regions of the body. Its point prevalence in Germany is 0.3%, it is diagnosed with a delay of 10.0 ± 9.6 years. Abnormal differentiation of the keratinocytes of the hair follicle‐gland apparatus and accompanying inflammation form the central pathogenetic basis. Primary HS/AI lesions are inflammatory nodules, abscesses and draining tunnels. Recurrences in the last 6 months with at least 2 lesions at the predilection sites point to HS/AI with a 97% accuracy. HS/AI patients suffer from a significant reduction in quality of life. For correct treatment decisions, classification and activity assessment should be done with a validated tool, such as the International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Scoring System (IHS4). HS/AI is classified into two forms according to the degree of detectable inflammation: active, inflammatory (mild, moderate, and severe according to IHS4) and predominantly inactive, non‐inflammatory (Hurley grade I, II and III) HS/AI. Oral tetracyclines or 5‐day intravenous therapy with clindamycin are equal to the effectiveness of clindamycin/rifampicin. Subcutaneously administered adalimumab, secukinumab and bimekizumab are approved for the therapy of HS/AI. Various surgical procedures are available for the predominantly non‐inflammatory disease form. Drug/surgical combinations are considered a holistic therapy method.
Linking child adjustment difficulties with mother's maladaptive parental behavior: The mediating roles of parental cognitions and parenting stress
Authors: Dănilă Ingrid , Balazsi Robert , Tăut Diana , Băban Adriana , Foran Heather M. , Heinrich Nina , Lachman Jamie M. , Hutchings Judy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChild abuse is prevalent worldwide, with most of the burden in developing countries. To reduce and prevent child abuse occurrence, many efforts are directed toward reducing maladaptive parental behaviors (MPBs), a predictor of parents' risk of engaging in child abusive behaviors. MPBs have been associated with child (e.g., behavioral difficulties) and parent characteristics (e.g., parenting stress and parental cognitions), although little research tested for mediational pathways. This study aimed to test the pathways through which child and parent characteristics are linked to MPB. Consistent with the social information processing model of parenting, we hypothesized that child behavioral difficulties would exert an indirect influence on MPB through parenting stress and that parenting stress will exert a direct and indirect effect on MPB through parental cognitions (i.e., expectations, attitudes, and attributions). This study used data from 243 mothers of children aged between 2 and 9 years in Romania. Two‐stage structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized model. Results support the role of child behavior, parenting stress, and parental cognitions in predicting MPB (R
2 = 0.69). Significant indirect effects were found from child behavior to MPB via parenting stress and parental cognitions. Direct effects from parenting stress and parental cognitions to MPB were significant. Findings show that parenting stress and parental cognitions are important mechanisms through which child behavioral difficulties influence maladaptive parental behavior, underscoring the need to focus on these mechanisms when assessing or intervening with families at risk for child abuse.
Effect of wind variability on the recruitment of anchovy Engraulis ringens in the southern Humboldt upwelling ecosystem
Authors: Arteaga Marcos , Vásquez Sebastián I. , Neira Sergio , Cubillos Luis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecruitment is a critical process in the dynamics of fish populations since it represents the abundance of new fish that enter a population each year. In Ekman‐type upwelling ecosystems, wind is a critical factor for small pelagic fish recruitment, as it controls food availability and physical constraints such as turbulence and offshore advection. In this study, we evaluate the effect of wind, chlorophyll‐a, and spawning biomass as independent variables on anchovy recruitment. Using generalized additive models (GAMs), we tested (i) the significance of each factor, (ii) the shape of the relationship between recruitment and predictors variables, (iii) recruitment regimes in the series, and (iv) whether extended windy events are associated with low recruitment levels potentially related to offshore transport of early life stages. The study period spanned from 1990 to 2021, focusing on the austral spring in south‐central Chile (35–40°S) when both upwelling and anchovy spawning are maximized. GAMs revealed a parabolic relationship between the velocity of upwelling‐favorable winds and anchovy recruitment. Maximized recruitment occurred at wind speeds around 6 m s−1 but decreased with winds above 7 m s−1 and below 5 m s−1, and during periods of extended windy events (i.e., those lasting more than 15 days). Chlorophyll‐a showed no significance on anchovy recruitment, suggesting that phytoplankton were not a limiting factor for anchovy early survival. We also found that anchovy recruitment regimes were associated with specific wind intensities. We discussed the pertinence of incorporating a recruitment index based on wind in the fishery management of the anchovy in south‐central Chile.
Acclimation capacity to global warming of amphibians and freshwater fishes: Drivers, patterns, and data limitations
Authors: Ruthsatz Katharina , Dahlke Flemming , Alter Katharina , Wohlrab Sylke , Eterovick Paula C. , Lyra Mariana L. , Gippner Sven , Cooke Steven J. , Peck Myron A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmphibians and fishes play a central role in shaping the structure and function of freshwater environments. These organisms have a limited capacity to disperse across different habitats and the thermal buffer offered by freshwater systems is small. Understanding determinants and patterns of their physiological sensitivity across life history is, therefore, imperative to predicting the impacts of climate change in freshwater systems. Based on a systematic literature review including 345 experiments with 998 estimates on 96 amphibian (Anura/Caudata) and 93 freshwater fish species (Teleostei), we conducted a quantitative synthesis to explore phylogenetic, ontogenetic, and biogeographic (thermal adaptation) patterns in upper thermal tolerance (CTmax) and thermal acclimation capacity (acclimation response ratio, ARR) as well as the influence of the methodology used to assess these thermal traits using a conditional inference tree analysis. We found globally consistent patterns in CTmax and ARR, with phylogeny (taxa/order), experimental methodology, climatic origin, and life stage as significant determinants of thermal traits. The analysis demonstrated that CTmax does not primarily depend on the climatic origin but on experimental acclimation temperature and duration, and life stage. Higher acclimation temperatures and longer acclimation times led to higher CTmax values, whereby Anuran larvae revealed a higher CTmax than older life stages. The ARR of freshwater fishes was more than twice that of amphibians. Differences in ARR between life stages were not significant. In addition to phylogenetic differences, we found that ARR also depended on acclimation duration, ramping rate, and adaptation to local temperature variability. However, the amount of data on early life stages is too small, methodologically inconsistent, and phylogenetically unbalanced to identify potential life cycle bottlenecks in thermal traits. We, therefore, propose methods to improve the robustness and comparability of CTmax/ARR data across species and life stages, which is crucial for the conservation of freshwater biodiversity under climate change.
Evaluating the role of heart rate variability in monitoring stress and sleep quality among nurses in the aftermath of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chia Pei‐Fang , Lee Yi‐Hua , Li Ying‐Chun , Lee De‐Chih , Chang Yuan‐Ping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo assess heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure to assess job stress and sleep quality among nurses in the post‐COVID‐19 period.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic significantly affected nurses, with heightened job stress and impaired sleep quality impacting their well‐being and effectiveness in patient care. HRV could offer insights for supporting strategies in the pandemic aftermath.DesignA quantitative cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study involved 403 clinical nurses recruited from a teaching hospital in Taiwan. Data on job stress, work frustration, sleep quality and HRV were collected and analysed.ResultsAmong the nurses surveyed during the COVID‐19 pandemic, 72.7% reported poor sleep quality (PSQI = 9.369). Job stress emerged as a strong predictor of work frustration. High stress levels and poor sleep quality were correlated with significantly decreased HRV, indicating a potential physiological impact of stress on the nurses' health and well‐being.ConclusionsHRV is a valuable and cost‐effective measure for monitoring and managing nurses' well‐being in the post‐COVID‐19 era. Targeted interventions can be implemented to support nurses' overall performance and promote their well‐being by identifying those at high risk of job stress and poor sleep quality.
Social safety net features in East Asia: A comparative analysis using the model family approach
Authors: Wang Julia Shu‐Huah , Abe Aya , Kang Ji Young , Ku Inhoe , Ng Irene Y. H. , Peng Chenhong , Zhao Xi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEast Asian (EA) social welfare has been described as productivist, where social policies are subordinate to economic development. However, EA comparative studies often focus on a few select social policies and seldom examine welfare programs as a bundle. We contribute to the depiction of divergent features of EA safety nets by exploring welfare content (generosity, coverage, protective vs. productive, and work incentives) and welfare outcomes (poverty reduction and income redistribution) for lower‐income populations in the largest city in mainland China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. We collected model family (MF) data and analyzed the data through descriptive statistics and regression models. We found that Taiwan and Hong Kong, followed by Japan, have more generous programs for reducing poverty, while Korea focuses on productive programs; Singapore offers wide coverage and strong work incentives for low‐income families yet lags behind in generosity; and China appears to be a laggard in welfare provision in the region. Our findings reveal heterogeneity within EA welfare systems, and our synthesis of welfare features using MF data offers a promising, innovative strategy for conducting comparative research in regions with limited comparable data.
Distinctive subgingival microbial signatures in older adults with different levels of cognitive function
Authors: Chen Lili , Li Xiuli , Liu Jinxiu , Hou Zhaoyi , Wei Yongbao , Chen Mingfeng , Wang Bixia , Cao Huizhen , Qiu Rongyan , Zhang Yuping , Ji Xinli , Zhang Ping , Xue Mianxiang , Qiu Linlin , Wang Linlin , Li Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo examine association between subgingival microbial signatures and levels of cognitive impairment in older adults.Materials and MethodsWe analysed subgingival plaque samples and 16S ribosomal RNA sequences for microbiota among 165 participants (normal controls [NCs]: 40, subjective cognitive decline [SCD]: 40, mild cognitive impairment [MCI]: 49 and dementia: 36).ResultsThe bacterial richness was lower among individuals with worse cognitive function, and subgingival microbial communities differed significantly among the four groups. Declining cognitive function was associated with decreasing relative abundance of genera Capnocytophaga, Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis, Lautropia and Granulicatella, and increasing abundance of genus Porphyromonas. Moreover, there were differentially abundant genera among the groups. Random forest model based on subgingival microbiota could distinguish between cognitive impairment and NC (AUC = 0.933, 95% confidence interval 0.873–0.992). Significant correlations were observed between oral microbiota and sex, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and Mini‐Mental State Examination score. Partial correlation analysis showed that Leptotrichia and Burkholderia were closely negatively associated with the MoCA score after adjusting for multiple covariates. Gene function was not significantly different between SCD and NC groups, whereas three homozygous genes were altered in MCI patients and two in dementia patients.ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate an association between the composition, function and metabolic pathways of subgingival microbiota and different levels of cognitive function among older individuals. Future cohort studies should assess its diagnostic usefulness for cognitive impairment.