bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of cover thickness on the mechanical properties of steel bar in mortar exposed to high temperatures
Authors: Topçu İlker Bekir , Boğa Ahmet Raif , Demi̇r Abdullah 
Published: November 2010

AbstractConcrete protects the steel inside against several effects of the external environment. One of the most important of these effects is high temperature. Cover plays a critical role in concrete's protection on reinforcement against high temperature. In this study, the changes after high temperatures in mechanical properties of the reinforcement steels placed between 3 and 5 cm covers inside the mortar specimen prepared with CEM I 42.5 R and CEM II/B‐M (P‐L) 32.5 R cements were investigated. In order to ensure 3 and 5 cm covers 76 × 76 × 310 and 116 × 116 × 350 mm sized reinforced mortar specimen were prepared. These reinforced mortar specimens were exposed to 20, 100, 200, 300, 500 and 800°C temperatures and after that on the steels taken out of these mortar specimen tensile strength, tests were applied in order to determine the mechanical properties. With the tensile strength tests performed stress–strain curves of the steel bars exposed to several temperatures were drawn. Besides, the yield and ultimate strengths of the steel bars were determined. The results of the study have shown that the larger the covers, the better the steel bars are protected against high temperatures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simplified calculation method for temperature evaluation of steel columns embedded in walls
Authors: Correia António M. , Rodrigues João Paulo C. , Silva Valdir P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSteel elements behave differently in fire case when isolated or embedded in building walls. The walls on one hand have a favorable effect protecting the elements from the excessive heating resulting from the fire and on the other hand they have a detrimental effect due to the thermal gradients originated in the elements cross‐section. The simplified calculation methods proposed in EN 1993‐1‐2 for fire design do not take into account the case of steel elements embedded in walls, stipulating only a formulation for the assessment of the resistance for uniform temperature distribution. This paper presents a proposal of a new simplified calculation method to evaluate the temperature of steel columns embedded in walls. The method is based on numerical simulations and fire resistance tests. Steel columns totally or partially embedded in walls, with the web perpendicular or parallel to the wall surface, were tested.In the study it was also observed that thicker walls or H steel columns with the web perpendicular to the wall surface provide greater thermal gradients in the cross‐sections. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of thermoplastic composites filled with γ‐boehmite for fire resistance
Authors: Droval Guillaume , Aranberri Ibon , Ballestero Jesus , Verelst Marc , Dexpert‐Ghys Jeannette 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper explores the use of boehmite as a fire retardant in low‐density polyethylene and polyamide 6. The structure and morphology of the filler are characterized by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The water content of our boehmite is estimated about 30% by thermogravimetric analysis. The filler/matrix interactions in nanocomposites are investigated by means of thermo‐physical measurements: differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetry. The resulting morphology shows particles individually dispersed in the matrix. The fire tests present a fire‐resistance effect at low filler content despite a different behavior as a function of the matrix. For instance, with only 2% volume of boehmite, the burning time of LDPE composite is significantly increased by 15%. At the same filler content in PA6, the burning time is solely increased by 4.5%. On the other hand, the limiting oxygen index is increased by +7.0% (only 2.6% with LDPE composites). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiocarbon ages for coatings on cupules ground in quartzite bedrock at Rhino Cave in the Kalahari Desert of Botswana, and their paleoclimatic significance
Authors: Brook George A. , Railsback L. Bruce , Campbell Alec C. , Robbins Lawrence H. , Murphy Michael L. , Hodgins Greg , McHugh Joseph 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGeophysical techniques have been widely employed for the noninvasive location of burial sites in archaeological and forensic investigations. This approach has met with varying degrees of success, depending on factors such as equipment choice, survey methodology, burial type, and geological setting. This paper reports the results of a multitechnique geophysical survey carried out immediately prior to the salvage excavation of two Indigenous burials from an eolian dune in coastal South Australia. Ground‐penetrating radar was not successful in defining the location of the burials owing to the disturbed nature of the local stratigraphy. Magnetic field intensity and apparent magnetic susceptibility surveys identified discrete anomalies that coincided with the location of skeletal material revealed during excavation, which we hypothesize to be due to burning or ochre use during funerary practices. Despite the spatial association of these features, subsequent laboratory analyses of the mineralogy and magnetic properties of sediments collected from the site failed to find a definite cause of the anomalies. Nevertheless, the association between them and the primary interment locations has implications for archaeological surveys carried out in the Australian coastal zone, as it highlights the potential of magnetic field intensity and apparent magnetic susceptibility geophysical techniques undertaken with a more refined survey methodology to afford a noninvasive, culturally appropriate means through which to detect Indigenous burials. This approach may prove particularly useful in areas with disturbed stratigraphy where ground‐penetrating radar is less effective. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrological field data from a modeller's perspective: Part 2: process‐based evaluation of model hypotheses
Authors: Clark Martyn P. , McMillan Hilary K. , Collins Daniel B. G. , Kavetski Dmitri , Woods Ross A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe current generation of hydrological models has been widely criticized for their inability to adequately simulate hydrological processes. In this study, we evaluate competing model representations of hydrological processes with respect to their capability to simulate observed processes in the Mahurangi River basin in Northland, New Zealand. In the first part of this two‐part series, the precipitation, soil moisture, and flow data in the Mahurangi were used to estimate the dominant hydrological processes and explore several options for their suitable mathematical representation. In this paper, diagnostic tests are applied to gain several insights for model selection. The analysis highlights dominant hydrological processes (e.g. the importance of vertical drainage and baseflow compared to sub‐surface stormflow), provides guidance for the choice of modelling approaches (e.g. implicitly representing sub‐grid heterogeneity in soils), and helps infer appropriate values for model parameters. The approach used in this paper demonstrates the benefits of flexible model structures in the context of hypothesis testing, in particular, supporting a more systematic exploration of current ambiguities in hydrological process representation. The challenge for the hydrological community is to make better use of the available data, not only to estimate parameter values but also to diagnostically identify more scientifically defensible model structures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sub‐fossil Chironomidae as indicators of palaeoflow regimes: integration into the PalaeoLIFE flow index
Authors: Howard Lynda C. , Wood Paul J. , Greenwood Malcolm T. , Rendell Helen M. , Brooks Stephen J. , Armitage Patrick D. , Extence Chris A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sub‐fossil head capsules of larval Chironomidae have been widely exploited as palaeoecological indicators of lentic ecosystems but their value in the interpretation of the evolution of lotic systems has been underutilised by comparison. Recent research has demonstrated that the remains of Chironomidae are abundant within fluvial sequences and that they offer a valuable record of channel change and floodplain evolution that may complement that derived from existing biological and sedimentological techniques. This paper demonstrates the use of Chironomidae in characterising the palaeoflow regime of a large mid–late Holocene floodplain palaeochannel (5470–4960 to 1530–1350 cal. a BP) of the River Trent (Derbyshire, UK). Using expert knowledge and published information regarding flow preferences, larval Chironomidae were incorporated into the PalaeoLIFE (Lotic‐invertebrate Index for Flow Evaluation) methodology. The results clearly demonstrate that the sub‐fossil record provided by Chironomidae can be used to characterise changes in the flow regime within palaeochannel sections. At the scale of the channel section, species‐ and generic‐level ecological associations can provide useful information regarding habitat characteristics, including the presence of instream vegetation, mineral substrates and woody debris. The ability to undertake environmental reconstruction and channel evolution history was significantly enhanced through the application of a multi‐proxy approach, by incorporating other aquatic insect groups (Trichoptera and Coleoptera) into the PalaeoLIFE metric, together with sedimentological data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late Quaternary fluvial aggradation and incision in the monsoon‐dominated Alaknanda valley, Central Himalaya, Uttrakhand, India
Authors: juyal Navin , Sundriyal Yaspal , rana Naresh , chaudhary Shipra , Singhvi Ashok k. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe present study aims to explain the spatial and temporal variability in phases of aggradation/incision in response to changes in climate and seismicity during the late Quaternary in the Alaknanda River valley (a major tributary of the river Ganges or Ganga). Geomorphology, stratigraphy and optical dating of the fluvial sediment reveal that the oldest fluvial landforms preserved in the south of the Main Central Thrust are debris flow terraces developed during the early part of pluvial Marine Isotopic Stage 3. Following this, a period of accelerated incision/erosion owing to an increase in uplift rate and more intense rainfall occurred. In the Lesser Himalaya, three phases of valley fill aggradation around 26 ± 3 ka, 18 ± 2 ka and 15 ± 1 ka and 8 ± 1 ka occurred in response to changes in monsoon intensity and sediment flux. The last phase was regionally extensive and corresponds to a strengthening of the early Holocene Indian Summer Monsoon. A gradual decline in the monsoon strength after 8 ± 1 ka resulted in reduced fluvial discharge and lower sediment transport capacity of the Alaknanda River, leading to valley fill incision and the development of terraces. The study suggests that fluvial dynamics in the Alaknanda valley were modulated by monsoon variability and the role of tectonics was subordinate, limited to providing accommodation space and post‐deposition modification of the fluvial landforms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aeolian dust in the Talos Dome ice core (East Antarctica, Pacific/Ross Sea sector): Victoria Land versus remote sources over the last two climate cycles
Authors: Delmonte Barbara , Baroni Carlo , Andersson Per S. , Schoberg Hans , Hansson Margareta , Aciego Sarah , Petit Jean‐Robert , Albani Samuel , Mazzola Claudia , Maggi Valter , Frezzotti Massimo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new ice core (TALDICE) drilled at Talos Dome (East Antarctica, Ross Sea sector) preserves a ca. 250 ka long record of palaeoclimate and atmospheric history. We investigate dust variability and provenance at the site during glacial periods and the Holocene through the Sr–Nd isotopic composition of ice core dust and potential source areas (PSA). We provide new isotopic data on dust sources from Victoria Land such as regoliths, glacial drifts, aeolian sands and beach deposits. Some of these sources are located at high altitude and are known to have been ice free throughout the Pleistocene. The major features of the TALDICE dust record are very similar to those from central East Antarctica. During glacial times, South America was the dominant dust supplier for Talos Dome as well as for the entire East Antarctic plateau. Conversely, during the Holocene the principal input of mineral dust at Talos Dome probably derives from proximal sources which are the ice‐free areas of northern Victoria Land, located at similar altitude with respect to the drilling site. Atmospheric mobilisation of dust from these neighbouring areas and transport inland to Talos Dome can be ultimately associated with advection of maritime air masses from the Pacific/Ross Sea region. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amorphous, nanocrystalline and crystalline calcium carbonates in biological materials
Authors: Wehrmeister U. , Jacob D. E. , Soldati A. L. , Loges N. , Häger T. , Hofmeister W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is a powerful tool in identifying different calcium carbonate polymorphs. Here, the method is applied to cultured pearls from freshwater (genus Hyriopsis) and marine bivalve species (Pinctada maxima) as well as to shells of Diplodon chilensis patagonicus bivalves. Raman spectra for vaterite, detected for the first time in an adult shell, and amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) are discussed. Results for ACC are compared with those of synthetically produced ACC and with the Raman spectroscopic features of stable biogenic ACC from the crustacean Porcellio scaber. Decomposition of the most intense signal of all calcium carbonate polymorphs—the ν1 symmetric stretching mode of the carbonate ion—leads to the identification of two polymorphs within the ACC areas: a mixure of an amorphous and a crystalline fraction. The amorphous phase is characterised by a broad peak in the region of the lattice modes, which is composed of two distinct lattice modes with very high full‐widths at half‐maximum (FWHMs). The FWHMs of most of the crystalline fractions (in the range of 6.3–10.7 cm−1) are too high for well‐crystallised materials and support reports of nanocrystalline calcium carbonate polymorph clusters in ACC. Crystallinity indices of different samples are calculated and found to be useful to describe roughly the state of crystallisation in the ACC areas. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ADAM 10 is associated with gastric cancer progression and prognosis of patients
Authors: Wang Yuan‐Yu , Ye Zai‐Yuan , Li Li , Zhao Zhong‐Sheng , Shao Qin‐Shu , Tao Hou‐Quan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein 10 (ADAM 10) has been implicated in the development and progression of gastric cancer.MethodsExpression of ADAM 10 and C‐erbB‐2 were examined immunochemically in 436 clinicopathologically characterized gastric cancer cases.ResultsProtein levels of ADAM 10 and C‐erbB‐2 were up‐regulated in gastric cancer lesions compared with adjacent non‐cancerous tissues. Positive expression of ADAM 10 correlated with age, size of tumor, location of tumor, depth of invasion, vessel invasion, lymph node, and distant metastasis and TNM stage, and also with expression of C‐erbB‐2. In stages I, II, and III, the 5‐year survival rate of patients with high ADAM 10 expression was significantly lower than in patients with low expression. However, in stage IV, ADAM 10 expression did not correlate with the 5‐year survival rate. Further multivariate analysis suggests that up‐regulation of ADAM 10 and C‐erbB‐2 were independent prognostic indicators for the disease, along with depth of invasion, lymph node and distant metastasis and TNM stage.ConclusionExpression of ADAM 10 in gastric cancer is significantly associated with lymph node and distant metastasis, high C‐erbB‐2 expression, and poor prognosis. ADAM 10 and C‐erbB‐2 proteins could be useful markers to predict tumor progression and prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:116–123. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of blood transfusion on early outcome of liver resection for colorectal hepatic metastases
Authors: Gruttadauria Salvatore , Saint Georges Chaumet Maureen , Pagano Duilio , Marsh J. Wallis , Bartoccelli Carlo , Cintorino Davide , Arcadipane Antonio , Vizzini Giovanni , Spada Marco , Gridelli Bruno 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe use of intra‐operative blood transfusion has been associated with worse surgical outcome in patients undergoing liver resection for malignancy.MethodsIn a series of 127 consecutive patients who underwent partial liver resection for colorectal metastases, between July 1999 and March 2010, we studied, post‐operative 90 days surgical outcome using Clavien multi‐tier grading system, and the effect of a variety of related factors, including type of resection, surgical technique used, concomitant colo‐rectal resection, non‐tumoral hepatic histological findings, site of primary tumor, and comorbidities, on the incidence of intra‐operative blood transfusion.ResultsPatients who received blood transfusions during their liver resection were more likely to have a longer post‐operative length of stay, to experience Clavien Grade IIIa or worse complication. Undergoing a major resection and the presence of portal fibrosis in the non‐tumoral liver tissue were both correlated with an increase in intra‐operative blood transfusions.ConclusionThese clinical findings suggest that although several significant factors do not seem to influence the short‐term outcome of surgery, it is important to be aware of the deleterious effects of the type of resection performed and the presence of portal fibrosis on blood loss during partial liver resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:140–147. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Breast cancer in elderly women (≥80 years): variation in standard of care?
Authors: Cyr Amy , Gillanders William E. , Aft Rebecca L. , Eberlein Timothy J. , Margenthaler Julie A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe study aim was to investigate the methods of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment for women at advanced ages.MethodsWe identified 134 patients ≥80 years old treated for breast cancer. Data included patient and tumor characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.ResultsOf 134 women ≥80 years old, 146 breast cancers were diagnosed. Sixty‐five (45%) were detected by mammography. Surgical therapy included partial mastectomy in 50% and mastectomy in 50%. Although 12 (9%) women had no axillary staging, 22 (16%) underwent axillary lymph node dissection for node‐negative disease. Of 73 patients undergoing partial mastectomy, 34 (47%) received adjuvant radiation. Of 113 cancers with known estrogen receptor (ER) status, 83% were ER positive; 95% received endocrine therapy. Fourteen (10%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Eleven (8%) were Her‐2neu‐amplified; one patient received adjuvant trastuzumab. At follow‐up, 87 (65%) patients were alive without evidence of disease, while 6 (4%) died of breast cancer.ConclusionsBreast cancer in women ≥80 years is more likely to be early‐stage with favorable tumor biology. While most women eligible for anti‐estrogen therapy received it, adjuvant radiation, chemotherapy, and/or trastuzumab were utilized infrequently. Despite these variations, older women with breast cancer are unlikely to suffer breast cancer‐related mortality. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:201–206. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
XIAP‐associated factor 1 interacts with and attenuates the trans‐activity of four and a Half LIM protein 2
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Yang Yi , Jiang Bo , Peng Junzhong , Tu Shuiping , Sardet Claude , Zhang Yusheng , Pang Roberta , Hung Ivan F , Tan V. P. Y. , Lam Colin SC , Wang Jide , Wong Benjamin C.Y. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractXIAP‐associated factor 1(XAF1) is a tumor suppressor with its functional mechanisms not fully understood. The zinc‐finger cluster located at the N‐terminus is the only domain structure. Four and a half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) also contains a tandem zinc finger structure, and its protein functions as an important adaptor and modifier in protein–protein interactions. Both of their structures are relatively simple, while the association between them is still unclear. In this study, we detected the interaction between XAF1 and FHL2 by using the yeast two‐hybrid system. We identified FHL2 as a XAF1 binding protein. Furthermore, both XAF1 and FHL2 localized to the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nucleus of gastric cancer cells. Over‐expression of XAF1 excluded FHL2 from the nucleus and suppressed the trans‐activity of FHL2 in stimulating the transcriptional activities of β‐catenin and AP‐1. In conclusion, our findings unraveled an antagonistic mechanism between a tumor suppressor and an oncoprotein in cancer cells. Mol. Carcinog. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary factors and pancreatic cancer: The role of food bioactive compounds
Authors: Johnson Jodee , de Mejia Elvira Gonzalez 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality among both men and women in the United States with a 5‐year survival rate of only 4%. Several dietary factors may influence the risk of developing pancreatic cancer and its recurrence. Some of these factors may offer innovative therapies for prevention of this disease. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of pancreatic cancer, as well as current knowledge on the epidemiological, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies conducted about this disease using various dietary agents. The main focus is on food‐based approaches for preventing this disease particularly, citrus fruits, and foods containing flavonoids, curcumin, folate and vitamin D.
Fabric evolution within shear bands of granular materials and its relation to critical state theory
Authors: Fu Pengcheng , Dafalias Yannis F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn an effort to study the relation of fabrics to the critical states of granular aggregates, the discrete element method (DEM) is used to investigate the evolution of fabrics of virtual granular materials consisting of 2D elongated particles. Specimens with a great variety of initial fabrics in terms of void ratios, preferred particle orientations, and intensities of fabric anisotropy were fabricated and tested with direct shear and biaxial compression tests. During loading of a typical specimen, deformation naturally localizes within shear bands while the remaining of the sample stops deforming. Thus, studying the evolution of fabric requires performing continuous local fabric measurements inside these bands, a suitable task for the proposed DEM methodology. It is found that a common ultimate/critical state is eventually reached by all specimens regardless of their initial states. The ultimate/critical state is characterized by a critical void ratio e which depends on the mean stress p, while the other critical state fabric variables related to particle orientations are largely independent of p. These findings confirm the uniqueness of the critical state line in the e − p space, and show that the critical state itself is necessarily anisotropic. Additional findings include the following: (1) shear bands are highly heterogeneous and critical states exist only in a statistical sense; (2) critical states can only be reached at very large local shear deformations, which are not always obtained by biaxial compression tests (both physical and numerical); (3) the fabric evolution processes are very complex and highly dependent on the initial fabrics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.