bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vitamin E on Biochemical Parameters in Albino Rats Treated with Gasoline
Authors: George M. I. , Adegoke O. A. 
Published: September 2011

The study was carried out to assess the effect of antioxidant vitamin E on the toxicity caused by gasoline in albino rats. The study was carried out by monitoring the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (Alkphos), urea and creatinine in albino rats fed diet containing vitamin E to saturation and injecting gasoline intraperitoneally. It was observed that the LD100 and LD50 increased significantly in vitamin E fed rats compared to the gasoline fed rats. Also the enzymes monitored were reduced in vitamin fed rats compared with the gasoline fed rats while the kidney function improved with the vitamin E rats by the lowering of the urea and creatinine elevated by gasoline. This suggests that the vitamin E conferred some protection on the rats by its antioxidant nature. Therefore this study showed that gasoline as a free radical caused hepatotoxicity and renal damage while vitamin E can confer protection against toxicity caused by gasoline by donating an electron to stabilize the free radical and terminating the chain reaction before vital molecules are damaged. Hence feeding on diet containing vitamin E should be encouraged.Keywords: Hepatotoxicity; Gasoline; Antioxidant; Enzymes.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7671 J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 651-659 (2011)
Âge, temps et normes : une analyse de la prescription pharmaceutique
Authors: Lancry Pierre-Jean , Paris Valérie 
Published: September 2011

Âge, temps et normes : une analyse de la prescription pharmaceutique par Pierre- Jean Lancry et Valérie Paris
La mise en place de politiques cohérentes de régulation des dépenses de santé nécessite la définition de variables de commande susceptibles de modifier les comportements des différents acteurs (patients, producteurs de biens et services médicaux, assurance maladie et tutelle). Au sein de la consommation médicale ambulatoire, le médicament joue un rôle très important. Premier poste de dépenses, associé essentiellement à l'activité des médecins généralistes, il a été, depuis très longtemps, l'objet de mesures spécifiques. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons aux principaux déterminants de la prescription pharmaceutique. Nous présentons une analyse économétrique à partir de données sur l'offre et la pratique professionnelle (âge, sexe, activité, lieu de formation, lieu d'exercice, etc.), sur la demande (âge, sexe, taux de mortalité, etc.) et sur les conditions de marché (densité médicale, activité moyenne dans la commune, secteur conventionnel, etc.).
Enchères et externalités
Authors: Jehiel Philippe 
Published: September 2011

Auctions and Externalities by Philippe Jehiel
We consider the sales of a good that produces external effects between the buyers in that an individual buyer is not indifferent as to whether or not the good is sold or whether it comes to be owned by a competitor. This paper reviews several articles dealing with this topic and shows how externalities can explain such phenomena as buyers' strategic behaviour at auctions, the seller's ability to get money from agents who will not buy the good and stalling in negotiations. We also deal briefly with cases where the good being acquired may be resold.
Théorie des jeux et économie empirique : le cas des données issues d'enchères
Authors: Laffont Jean-Jacques 
Published: September 2011

Game Theory and Empirical Economics: The Case of Auction Data by Jean- Jacques Laffont
The paper is a survey of applied work with auction data. We review the main distribution free predictions of the three major game theoretic models, the identification of their stochastic structure, and their confrontation with data. We study successively, the symmetric common value model, the independent private values model, and the asymmetric value model. Conditional upon being in one of these models, game theoretic restrictions can be tested.
A major conclusion is that predictions are highly dependent on the unobservable restrictions on the distributions of charactristics. The paper concludes with a suggestion to develop structural econometrics of auction data with only a few restrictions on these distributions.
L'évolution de la structure des prix et les inégalités de niveau de vie en France de 1974 à 1995
Authors: Bodier Marceline , Cogneau Denis 
Published: September 2011

L'évolution de la structure des prix et les inégalités de niveau de vie en france de 1974 à 1995
par Marceline Bodier et Denis Cogneau
Entre 1 974 et 1 995 , l' économie française a connu de forts mouvements dans les prix relatifs des biens de consommation. Pourtant ces mouvements n'ont eu qu'un impact modeste sur la redistribution du niveau de vie entre les ménages, en comparaison de la redistribution des revenus. Quoique faible, cet impact redistributif des prix relatifs peut néanmoins être jugé positif depuis 1984, surtout entre 1984 et 1989, période pendant laquelle les inégalités de revenu et la pauvreté ont beaucoup augmenté. Des études avaient montré que les changements dans la structure des taux de TVA provoqués par l'harmonisation européenne auraient un impact anti-distributif important. Celui-ci semble moindre que prévu, et il a été compensé par d'autres évolutions de prix relatifs pro-distributives. Enfin l'évolution récente des prix relatifs a également favorisé les classes d'âge les plus anciennes.
The OMERACT Psoriatic Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (PsAMRIS) Is Reliable and Sensitive to Change: Results from an OMERACT Workshop
Authors: BØYESEN PERNILLE , McQUEEN FIONA M. , GANDJBAKHCH FRÉDÉRIQUE , LILLEGRAVEN SIRI , COATES LAURA , WIELL CHARLOTTE , HAAVARDSHOLM ESPEN A. , CONAGHAN PHILIP G. , PETERFY CHARLES G. , BIRD PAUL , ØSTERGAARD MIKKEL 
Published: September 2011

Objective.The aim of this multireader exercise was to assess the reliability and sensitivity to change of the psoriatic arthritis magnetic resonance imaging score (PsAMRIS) in PsA patients followed for 1 year.Methods.MRI was acquired from 12 patients with PsA before initiation of treatment and after 12 months. MR images were scored according to PsAMRIS (for synovitis, tenosynovitis, periarticular inflammation, bone marrow edema, bone erosion, and bone proliferation) under standardized conditions, in unknown chronological order. Intraobserver/interobserver reliability was examined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and sensitivity to change by standardized response means (SRM).Results.The interobserver reliability of PsAMRIS was high for synovitis, tenosynovitis, periarticular inflammation, and bone edema status and change scores (interobserver ICC 0.87–0.97). The intraobserver reliability was moderate to high (ICC 0.60–0.98) for status and change scores, except for change in periarticular inflammation (ICC 0.33). PsAMRIS sensitivity to change was moderate for synovitis, tenosynovitis, and periarticular inflammation (SRM 0.5–0.8), while poor (SRM 0.1–0.3) for bone marrow edema, erosion, and bone proliferation. Rare occurrence and minimal change contributed to poor SRM and change-score ICC for bone parameters.Conclusion.This multireader exercise, performed under standardized conditions, confirmed PsAMRIS to have high interobserver and intraobserver reliability for hand PsA. Measures of inflammation were sensitive to change, implying that PsAMRIS may be a valuable tool for monitoring change in inflammation during PsA clinical trials.
La créativité tout au long de la vie, l'œuvre de Simone Marye (1890-1961)
Authors: Goutain Pauline 
Published: September 2011

Sculpteur animalière dans les années 1920-30 puis oubliée du monde de l’art, Simone Marye (1890-1961) se remit à la création à plus de 60 ans alors qu’elle était internée à Maison Blanche (hôpital psychiatrique parisien). À partir de 1958 et jusqu’à sa mort en 1961, elle réalisa de nombreux dessins de style enfantin qui suscitèrent l’intérêt de Jean Dubuffet et trouvèrent leur place en 1965 dans sa collection d’Art Brut ; art faisant appel « à l’invention la plus spontanée et personnelle » (Dubuffet) et non à l’habileté manuelle.
Heterogeneous and Tissue-Specific Regulation of Effector T Cell Responses by IFN-γ during Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection
Authors: Villegas-Mendez Ana , de Souza J. Brian , Murungi Linda , Hafalla Julius C. R. , Shaw Tovah N. , Greig Rachel , Riley Eleanor M. , Couper Kevin N. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
IFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ−/− mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ−/− mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ−/− mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ–dependent environmental signals—leading to T cell apoptosis—rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells.
Epitope-Specific Human Influenza Antibody Repertoires Diversify by B Cell Intraclonal Sequence Divergence and Interclonal Convergence
Authors: Krause Jens C. , Tsibane Tshidi , Tumpey Terrence M. , Huffman Chelsey J. , Briney Bryan S. , Smith Scott A. , Basler Christopher F. , Crowe James E. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
We generated from a single blood sample five independent human mAbs that recognized the Sa antigenic site on the head of influenza hemagglutinin and exhibited inhibitory activity against a broad panel of H1N1 strains. All five Abs used the VH3-7 and JH6 gene segments, but at least four independent clones were identified by junctional analysis. High-throughput sequence analysis of circulating B cells revealed that each of the independent clones were members of complex phylogenetic lineages that had diversified widely using a pattern of progressive diversification through somatic mutation. Unexpectedly, B cells encoding multiple diverging lineages of these clones, including many containing very few mutations in the Ab genes, persisted in the circulation. Conversely, we noted frequent instances of amino acid sequence convergence in the Ag combining sites exhibited by members of independent clones, suggesting a strong selection for optimal binding sites. We suggest that maintenance in circulation of a wide diversity of somatic variants of dominant clones may facilitate recognition of drift variant virus epitopes that occur in rapidly mutating virus Ags, such as influenza hemagglutinin. In fact, these Ab clones recognize an epitope that acquired three glycosylation sites mediating escape from previously isolated human Abs.
Ziegler's Indecomposability Criterion
Authors: Herzog Ivo 
Published: September 2011

Abstract.Ziegler’s Indecomposability Criterion is used to prove that a totally transcendental, i.e., ∑-pure injective, indecomposable left module over a left noetherian ring is a directed union of finitely generated indecomposable modules. The same criterion is also used to give a sufficient condition for a pure injective indecomposable module RU to have an indecomposable local dual
The Role of Worksite and Home Smoking Bans in Smoking Cessation among U.S. Employed Adult Female Smokers
Authors: Rose Allison , Fagan Pebbles , Lawrence Deirdre , Hart Alton , Shavers Vickie L. , Gibson James Todd 
Published: September 2011

Purpose. Examine the association of work and home smoking bans with quitting behaviors among employed female smokers in the United States. Design. Secondary analyses using cross-sectional data from the 2006/2007 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. Subjects. Nationally representative sample of 7610 U.S. employed female smokers, aged 18 to 64 years, who reported working indoors. Setting. N/A. Methods. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of smoking ban policies (complete work and home bans, complete work ban only, complete home ban only, and no complete work or home ban) with intention to quit in the next 30 days, at least one quit attempt in the past year, and sustained abstinence of at least 3 months in the past year. Results. Twenty-nine percent of women reported complete work and home smoking bans. Smoking bans were not associated with intention to quit and were marginally associated with sustained abstinence. Regardless of intention to quit, women with complete work and home bans were significantly more likely than those without complete work and home bans to report quit attempts. Among women with no intention to quit, the odds of having a quit attempt were significantly higher among women who had a complete home ban only compared with women without complete work and home bans. Conclusions. Efforts to promote quitting behaviors among employed female smokers may be facilitated by increasing rates of complete smoking bans at both work and home settings.
Phospholipid inhibitors
Authors: Galli M. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is defined by the association of arterial and/or venous thrombosis and/or pregnancy complications with the presence of at least one among the main antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) (i. e., Lupus anticoagulants, LA, IgG and/ or IgM anticardiolipin antibodies, aCL, IgG and/or IgM antiβ2-glycoprotein I antibodies, aβ2-GPI). Several clinical studies have consistently reported that LA is a stronger risk factor for both arterial and venous thrombosis compared to aCL and aβ2-GPI. In particular, LA activity dependent on the first domain of β2-GPI and triple aPL positivity are associated with the risk of thrombosis and obstetrical complications.Asymptomatic aPL-positive subjects do not require primary thromboprophylaxis. Venous thromboembolism is the most common initial clinical manifestation of APS. To prevent its recurrence indefinite anticoagulation is recommended. Long duration treatment with warfarin or aspirin is used after a first cerebral arterial thrombosis. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) with or without aspirin is recommended to reduce the rate of obstetrical complications of APS pregnant women.
Clinical Outcomes After Admission of Patients With COVID-19 to Skilled Nursing Facilities
Authors: McGarry Brian E. , Gandhi Ashvin D. , Chughtai Mah Afroze , Yin Jiamin , Barnett Michael L. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, stabilized COVID-19–positive patients were discharged to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) to alleviate hospital crowding. These discharges generated controversy due to fears of seeding outbreaks, but there is little empirical evidence to inform policy.ObjectiveTo assess the association between the admission to SNFs of COVID-19–positive patients and subsequent COVID-19 cases and death rates among residents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study analyzed survey data from the National Healthcare Safety Network of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The cohort included SNFs in the US from June 2020 to March 2021. Exposed facilities (ie, with initial admission of COVID-19–positive patients) were matched to control facilities (ie, without initial admission of COVID-19–positive patients) in the same county and with similar preadmission case counts. Data were analyzed from June 2023 to February 2024.ExposureThe week of the first observable admission of COVID-19–positive patients (defined as those previously diagnosed with COVID-19 and continued to require transmission-based precautions) during the study period.Main Outcomes and MeasuresWeekly counts of new cases of COVID-19, COVID-19–related deaths, and all-cause deaths per 100 residents in the week prior to the initial admission. A stacked difference-in-differences approach was used to compare outcomes for 10 weeks before and 15 weeks after the first admission. Additional analyses examined whether outcomes differed in facilities with staff or personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages.ResultsA matched group of 264 exposed facilities and 518 control facilities was identified. Over the 15-week follow-up period, exposed SNFs had a cumulative increase of 6.94 (95% CI, 2.91-10.98) additional COVID-19 cases per 100 residents compared with control SNFs, a 31.3% increase compared with the sample mean (SD) of 22.2 (26.4). Exposed facilities experienced 2.31 (95% CI, 1.39-3.24) additional cumulative COVID-19–related deaths per 100 residents compared with control facilities, representing a 72.4% increase compared with the sample mean (SD) of 3.19 (5.5). Exposed facilities experiencing potential staff shortage and PPE shortage had larger increases in COVID-19 cases per 100 residents (additional 10.97 [95% CI, 2.76-19.19] cases and additional 14.81 [95% CI, 2.38-27.25] cases, respectively) compared with those without such shortages.ConclusionThis cohort study suggests that admission of COVID-19–positive patients into SNFs early in the pandemic was associated with preventable COVID-19 cases and mortality among residents, particularly in facilities with potential staff and PPE shortages. The findings speak to the importance of equipping SNFs to adhere to infection-control best practices as they continue to face COVID-19 strains and other respiratory diseases.
Adaptive NNs asymptotic tracking control for high‐order nonlinear systems under prescribed performance and asymmetric output constraints
Authors: Jiang Kun , Zhang Xuxi 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThis article studies the adaptive neural networks (NNs) asymptotic tracking control of high‐order nonlinear systems subject to prescribed performance, non‐strict‐feedback structure, and output constraints. To address the output constraint issue while guaranteeing that the tracking error stays within the specified area, a variable fused with the time‐varying constraint functions is introduced. Then, a pivotal form of coordinate transformation is developed, which plays a key role in achieving asymptotic tracking performance. Based on the backstepping and Lyapunov method, the designed control scheme assures that all system variables are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded, the output constraints are never broken, and the tracking error always stays within the predefined function and asymptotically converges to zero. Finally, the effectiveness of theoretical findings is verified via simulation studies.
Advances in Engineering Toolkits for Construction of Ultralow Disordered Van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Huang Zhujun , Shahrjerdi Davood 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe exploration of emerging quantum phenomena by stacking dissimilar atomic layered materials into van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures has driven the development of layer assembly techniques. Achieving ultralow disorder within these heterostructures is crucial for unlocking their novel physical properties. However, current fabrication methods for designer heterostructures have limitations in throughput, yield, and scalability. Over the past decade, engineering toolkits have evolved to address some of these challenges, but their adoption for fabricating designer heterostructures remains limited. In this review, an overview of these emerging engineering toolkits is provided, and examine their utility and limitations in achieving ultralow disordered heterostructures. It is hoped that the insights from this review article can help guide future research directions on advancing the fabrication process of designer heterostructures.
Surface Passivation with Tailoring Organic Potassium Salt for Efficient FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Zhang Shujie , Tian Ting , Li Jing , Su Zhiwei , Jin Chengkai , Su Jie , Li Wenke , Yuan Ye , Tong Jinhui , Peng Yong , Bai Sai , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Huang Fuzhi , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Bu Tongle 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPassivating surface defects on perovskite films with tailored functional materials has emerged as one of the most effective strategies for achieving high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among existing material selections, potassium salts stand out for their effective passivation of defects surrounding perovskite grain boundaries. However, the widely used potassium salts are inorganic and only soluble in highly polar solvents, which limits their practical application for surface passivation. Herein, a novel organic potassium salt (KCFSO), with multiple organic functional groups and good solubility in low polar isopropanol, is reported to function as a post‐treatment agent for perovskite. Combined with experimental results and theoretical calculations, the formed multiple intermolecular interactions between KCFSO and perovskite are revealed to play a vital role in determining the defect passivation effect. Thus, the KCFSO‐modified film shows a more uniform surface potential distribution, dramatically decreased defect density, and improved charge transfer, leading to a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.11%, and good stability for the derived PSCs. As a demonstration of scalability, the centimeter‐sized PSCs and 5 cm × 5 cm mini‐modules also demonstrate impressive PCEs of 24.17% and 20.18%, respectively. These findings provide insights into passivator design principles to achieve efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics.
Polarization‐Dependent and Color‐Tunable Electrochromic Smart Windows: Uniaxially Oriented and Polymer‐Stabilized Viologen‐Based Liquid Crystal Networks
Authors: Pham Huan Huu , Rim Minwoo , Wi Youngjae , Ko Hyeyoon , Yu Dongmin , Hyeong Jaeseok , Tran Duy Thanh , Ha Minjeong , Na Seok‐In , Jeong Kwang‐Un 
Published: June 2024

AbstractViologen‐based reactive mesogen (VRM) is newly designed and synthesized for the development of polarization‐dependent, color‐tunable, and transparent electrochromic (EC) smart windows. By controlling electric field, the color of VRM can be intentionally tuned due to the formation of dication (D state), cation‐radical (C state), and neutral state (N state). Based on the deep understanding of phase transition of VRM, a uniaxially oriented VRM hierarchical nanostructure is successfully constructed on the macroscopic area by simple coating and self‐assembly processes. The subsequent photopolymerization significantly improves thermal, mechanical, and chemical stabilities of the VRM thin film. In addition to the control of color, the transmittance of uniaxially oriented VRM‐based EC smart window can be precisely tuned by rotating a linear polarizer.