bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective, Randomized Trial Comparing Expansile Cervical Laminoplasty and Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion for Multilevel Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Manzano Glen R. , Casella Gizelda , Wang Michael Y. , Vanni Steven , Levi Allan D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Controversy exists as to the best posterior operative procedure to treat multilevel compressive cervical spondylotic myelopathy.OBJECTIVE:To determine clinical, radiological, and patient satisfaction outcomes between expansile cervical laminoplasty (ECL) and cervical laminectomy and fusion (CLF).METHODS:We performed a prospective, randomized study of ECL vs CLF in patients suffering from cervical spondylotic myelopathy. End points included the Short Form-36, Neck Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale, modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score, Nurick score, and radiographic measures.RESULTS:A survey of academic North American spine surgeons (n = 30) demonstrated that CLF is the most commonly used (70%) posterior procedure to treat multilevel spondylotic cervical myelopathy. A total of 16 patients were randomized: 7 to CLF and 9 to ECL. Both groups showed improvements in their Nurick grade and Japanese Orthopedic Association score postoperatively, but only the improvement in the Nurick grade for the ECL group was statistically significant (P &lt; .05). The cervical range of motion between C2 and C7 was reduced by 75% in the CLF group and by only 20% in the ECL group in a comparison of preoperative and postoperative range of motion. The overall increase in canal area was significantly (P &lt; .001) greater in the CLF group, but there was a suggestion that the adjacent level was more narrowed in the CLF group in as little as 1 year postoperatively.CONCLUSION:In many respects, ECL compares favorably to CLF. Although the patient numbers were small, there were significant improvements in pain measures in the ECL group while still maintaining range of motion. Restoration of spinal canal area was superior in the CLF group.
Comparison of serum cortisol measurement by immunoassay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in patients receiving the 11β-hydroxylase inhibitor metyrapone
Authors: Monaghan Phillip J , Owen Laura J , Trainer Peter J , Brabant Georg , Keevil Brian G , Darby Denise 
Published: August 2011

Background The accurate measurement of cortisol by immunoassay is compromised by the potential for cross-reactivity of reagent antibodies with structurally related steroids present in serum. This susceptibility is potentiated when normal steroid metabolism is altered pharmaceutically by antisteroidogenic drugs utilized in the management of Cushing's syndrome to moderate cortisol production. The clinical implications of falsely elevated cortisol results include over-treatment and unrecognized hypoadrenalism. To investigate the effect of the 11 β-hydroxylase inhibitor metyrapone on serum cortisol assay, a comparison of measurement by immunoassay versus liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was conducted. Methods Cortisol was measured in serum from three patient groups: (1) patients receiving metyrapone ( n = 112 samples from 10 patients); (2) control group of patients diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome currently receiving no treatment ( n = 31); and (3) control group of patients with no adrenal pathology and not receiving medication known to interfere in cortisol immunoassay ( n = 67). Results Bland–Altman plots showed agreement between methods for the control group (bias = 1.1% [−4.3 nmol/L]) and Cushing's control group (bias = 1.3% [−3.7 nmol/L]). This was in stark contrast to the metyrapone therapy group (bias = 23% [59 nmol/L]). The difference between LC-MS/MS versus immunoassay in the metyrapone therapy group positively correlated with metyrapone dose and serum 11-deoxycortisol concentration (Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.47, 95% CI 0.32–0.61; P < 0.0001). Conclusions These data show that liability of immunoassay measurement of serum cortisol to interference in patients receiving metyrapone may lead to erroneous clinical decisions concerning dose titration.
Creating Social Contagion Through Viral Product Design: A Randomized Trial of Peer Influence in Networks
Authors: Aral Sinan , Walker Dylan 
Published: August 2011

We examine how firms can create word-of-mouth peer influence and social contagion by designing viral features into their products and marketing campaigns. To econometrically identify the effectiveness of different viral features in creating social contagion, we designed and conducted a randomized field experiment involving the 1.4 million friends of 9,687 experimental users on Facebook.com. We find that viral features generate econometrically identifiable peer influence and social contagion effects. More surprisingly, we find that passive-broadcast viral features generate a 246% increase in peer influence and social contagion, whereas adding active-personalized viral features generate only an additional 98% increase. Although active-personalized viral messages are more effective in encouraging adoption per message and are correlated with more user engagement and sustained product use, passive-broadcast messaging is used more often, generating more total peer adoption in the network. Our work provides a model for how randomized trials can identify peer influence in social networks. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta and Preyas Desai, special issue editors. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta and Preyas Desai, special issue editors.
Isolation, characterization, and cross‐species amplification of polymorphic microsatellite markers for Pilosocereus machrisii (Cactaceae)
Authors: Perez Manolo F. , Téo Mariana F. , Zappi Daniela C. , Taylor Nigel P. , Moraes Evandro M. 
Published: August 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed in Pilosocereus machrisii, a columnar cactus with a patchy distribution in eastern tropical South America, to assess its genetic diversity and population structure.•Methods and Results: Eleven microsatellite markers were developed, of which one was monomorphic among 51 individuals from two populations. The number of alleles per polymorphic locus ranged from two to eight, and the total number of alleles was 57. From the 11 isolated loci, nine were successfully amplified in the other four Pilosocereus species.•Conclusions: The results showed that these markers will be useful for studies of genetic diversity, patterns of gene flow, and population genetic structure in P. machrisii, as well as across other congeneric species.
Management of Combined Bone Defect and Limb-length Discrepancy After Tibial Chronic Osteomyelitis
Authors: Liu Tang , Zhang Xiangsheng , Li Zhihong , Peng Dan 
Published: August 2011

Bone defects and leg shortening due to chronic osteomyelitis are rare yet challenging problems to treat. The aim of this study was to summarize our experience with a distraction osteogenesis technique performed with an external fixator for these conditions.
Twenty-three consecutive patients with tibial bone defects and limb-length discrepancy caused by osteomyelitis were treated from January 1994 to January 2009. Thirteen boys and 10 girls had a mean age of 12.2 years (range, 8–16 years). Twenty of the 23 patients (87.0%) had undergone an unsuccessful bone grafting procedure. Mean amount of bone defect was 3.6 cm (range, 1.5–6.2 cm) as measured on plain radiographs. Mean leg-length discrepancy was 4.0 cm (range, 0–8.0 cm). All patients were followed for a mean of 116 months (range, 31–182 months). Mean external fixation index was 48.0 days/cm (range, 40.7–66.5 days/cm). Mean lengthening was 9.3 cm (range, 5.8–12.1 cm). Based on the criteria recommended by Paley et al, 16 bone results were excellent, 6 good, and 1 fair. Fifteen functional results were excellent, 7 good, 1 fair, and 0 poor. This study shows that distraction osteogenesis with an external fixator is an effective treatment for massive postosteomyelitis bone defects and leg shortening.
Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Patient With Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Fraser Michael R. , Sechriest V. Franklin 
Published: August 2011

Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPH) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by multiple musculoskeletal anomalies and normal serum calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone levels. Although the musculoskeletal manifestations of PPH are well known, little has been reported on the management of orthopedic problems. We report a case of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed in a patient with PPH. To our knowledge, this case is not only unique to the arthroplasty literature but is the first report of its kind. This report illustrates the unique pathoanatomy of PPH, the medical and surgical management required, and a previously unreported musculoskeletal abnormality associated with PPH: synovial osteochondromatosis of the knee.Common musculoskeletal anomalies associated with PPH include shortening/bowing of long bones; shortening of metacarpals, metatarsals, and/or phalanges; exostoses; calcification/ossification of subcutaneous and/or periarticular soft tissues; a thickened calvarium; microcephaly; bony coalitions of the hand; vertebral column abnormalities; cubitus valgus; radius/ulna curvus; coxa vara; coxa valga; and genu valgum. This case is the first to report an association of synovial osteochondromatosis with PPH. Because synovial osteochondromatosis and PPH share a common disorder of soft tissue calcification/ossification, as well as abnormal bone formation, this clinical finding does not seem merely coincidental.
Imaging Presentation Highly Manifested as Tuberculosis in a Case of Spinal Metastatic Carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Chuang-Yi , Liu Dong-Xin , Luo Shao-Wei , Du Shi-Xin 
Published: August 2011

Usually the clinical manifestations between spinal tuberculosis (Pott’s disease) and metastasis are not characteristic. Nevertheless, their respective imaging presentations are typical and specific, which makes it relatively easier to attain a correct diagnosis. Imaging features of Pott’s disease, in general, include narrowing of intervertebral disk space, collapse of vertebral bodies with eventual progression to kyphotic deformity, destruction of the anterior parts of adjacent vertebrae, formation of a large paravertebral abscess, and calcifications or sequestra within the paravertebral abscess.
Spinal tuberculosis is usually endemic, especially in Eastern countries. However, the trend of cancer incidence is also increasing in modern society, which makes it difficult to diagnose spinal osseous lesions. This article presents a case of a 45-year-old man with a 9-month history of low back pain. Both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine supported the initial diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis. However, pathological examination on the excised specimen resulted in the diagnosis of spinal metastatic adenocarcinoma.
We suggest that a definitive diagnosis of spinal metastasis or tuberculosis should not be based on imaging alone. Instead, more attention should be paid to atypical imaging presentations. In addition, biopsy is usually necessary for final diagnosis.
The Protein Kinase IKKε Is a Potential Target for the Treatment of Inflammatory Hyperalgesia
Authors: Möser Christine V. , Kynast Katharina , Baatz Katharina , Russe Otto Quintus , Ferreirós Nerea , Costiuk Heike , Lu Ruirui , Schmidtko Achim , Tegeder Irmgard , Geisslinger Gerd , Niederberger Ellen 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Inhibitor-κB kinase ε (IKKε) was only recently identified as an enzyme with high homology to the classical I-κB kinase subunits, IKKα and IKKβ. Despite this similarity, it is mainly discussed as a repressor of viral infections by modulating type I IFNs. However, in vitro studies also showed that IKKε plays a role in the regulation of NF-κB activity, but the distinct mechanisms of IKKε-mediated NF-κB activation are not clear. Given the paramount role of NF-κB in inflammation, we investigated the regulation and function of IKKε in models of inflammatory hyperalgesia in mice. We found that IKKε was abundantly expressed in nociceptive neurons in the spinal cord and in dorsal root ganglia. IKKε mRNA and protein levels rapidly increased in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia during hind paw inflammation evoked by injection of zymosan or formalin. IKKε knockout mice showed normal nociceptive responses to acute heat or mechanical stimulation. However, in inflammatory pain models, IKKε-deficient mice exhibited a significantly reduced nociceptive behavior in comparison with wild type mice, indicating that IKKε contributed to the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia. Antinociceptive effects were associated with reduced activation of NF-κB and attenuated NF-κB–dependent induction of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible NO synthase, and metalloproteinase-9. In contrast, IRF-3, which is an important IKKε target in viral infections, was not regulated after inflammatory nociceptive stimulation. Therefore, we concluded that IKKε modulates inflammatory nociceptive sensitivity by activation of NF-κB–dependent gene transcription and may be useful as a therapeutic target in the treatment of inflammatory pain.
MPYS Is Required for IFN Response Factor 3 Activation and Type I IFN Production in the Response of Cultured Phagocytes to Bacterial Second Messengers Cyclic-di-AMP and Cyclic-di-GMP
Authors: Jin Lei , Hill Krista K. , Filak Holly , Mogan Jennifer , Knowles Heather , Zhang Bicheng , Perraud Anne-Laure , Cambier John C. , Lenz Laurel L. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Cyclic-di-GMP and cyclic-di-AMP are second messengers produced by bacteria and influence bacterial cell survival, differentiation, colonization, biofilm formation, virulence, and bacteria–host interactions. In this study, we show that in both RAW264.7 macrophage cells and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages, the production of IFN-β and IL-6, but not TNF, in response to cyclic-di-AMP and cyclic-di-GMP requires MPYS (also known as STING, MITA, and TMEM173). Furthermore, expression of MPYS was required for IFN response factor 3 but not NF-κB activation in response to these bacterial metabolites. We also confirm that MPYS is required for type I IFN production by cultured macrophages infected with the intracellular pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Francisella tularensis. However, during systemic infection with either pathogen, MPYS deficiency did not impact bacterial burdens in infected spleens. Serum IFN-β and IL-6 concentrations in the infected control and MPYS−/− mice were also similar at 24 h postinfection, suggesting that these pathogens stimulate MPYS-independent cytokine production during in vivo infection. Our findings indicate that bifurcating MPYS-dependent and -independent pathways mediate sensing of cytosolic bacterial infections.
Physiologic Control of IDO Competence in Splenic Dendritic Cells
Authors: Baban Babak , Chandler Phillip R. , Johnson Burles A. , Huang Lei , Li Minghui , Sharpe Marlon L. , Francisco Loise M. , Sharpe Arlene H. , Blazar Bruce R. , Munn David H. , Mellor Andrew L. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) competent to express the regulatory enzyme IDO in mice are a small but distinctive subset of DCs. Previously, we reported that a high-dose systemic CpG treatment to ligate TLR9 in vivo induced functional IDO exclusively in splenic CD19+ DCs, which stimulated resting Foxp3-lineage regulatory T cells (Tregs) to rapidly acquire potent suppressor activity. In this paper, we show that IDO was induced in spleen and peripheral lymph nodes after CpG treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Induced IDO suppressed local T cell responses to exogenous Ags and inhibited proinflammatory cytokine expression in response to TLR9 ligation. IDO induction did not occur in T cell-deficient mice or in mice with defective B7 or programmed death (PD)-1 costimulatory pathways. Consistent with these findings, CTLA4 or PD-1/PD-ligand costimulatory blockade abrogated IDO induction and prevented Treg activation via IDO following high-dose CpG treatment. Consequently, CD4+CD25+ T cells uniformly expressed IL-17 shortly after TLR9 ligation. These data support the hypothesis that constitutive interactions from activated T cells or Tregs and IDO-competent DCs via concomitant CTLA4→B7 and PD-1→PD-ligand signals maintain the default potential to regulate T cell responsiveness via IDO. Acute disruption of these nonredundant interactions abrogated regulation via IDO, providing novel perspectives on the proinflammatory effects of costimulatory blockade therapies. Moreover, interactions between IDO-competent DCs and activated T cells in lymphoid tissues may attenuate proinflammatory responses to adjuvants such as TLR ligands.
The Requirement for Potent Adjuvants To Enhance the Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Protein Vaccines Can Be Overcome by Prior Immunization with a Recombinant Adenovirus
Authors: de Cassan Simone C. , Forbes Emily K. , Douglas Alexander D. , Milicic Anita , Singh Bijender , Gupta Puneet , Chauhan Virander S. , Chitnis Chetan E. , Gilbert Sarah C. , Hill Adrian V. S. , Draper Simon J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
A central goal in vaccinology is the induction of high and sustained Ab responses. Protein-in-adjuvant formulations are commonly used to achieve such responses. However, their clinical development can be limited by the reactogenicity of some of the most potent preclinical adjuvants and the cost and complexity of licensing new adjuvants for human use. Also, few adjuvants induce strong cellular immunity, which is important for protection against many diseases, such as malaria. We compared classical adjuvants such as aluminum hydroxide to new preclinical adjuvants and adjuvants in clinical development, such as Abisco 100, CoVaccine HT, Montanide ISA720, and stable emulsion-glucopyranosyl lipid A, for their ability to induce high and sustained Ab responses and T cell responses. These adjuvants induced a broad range of Ab responses when used in a three-shot protein-in-adjuvant regimen using the model Ag OVA and leading blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate Ags. Surprisingly, this range of Ab immunogenicity was greatly reduced when a protein-in-adjuvant vaccine was used to boost Ab responses primed by a human adenovirus serotype 5 vaccine recombinant for the same Ag. This human adenovirus serotype 5–protein regimen also induced a more cytophilic Ab response and demonstrated improved efficacy of merozoite surface protein-1 protein vaccines against a Plasmodium yoelii blood-stage challenge. This indicates that the differential immunogenicity of protein vaccine adjuvants may be largely overcome by prior immunization with recombinant adenovirus, especially for adjuvants that are traditionally considered poorly immunogenic in the context of subunit vaccination and may circumvent the need for more potent chemical adjuvants.
Thyroid Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Citgez Bulent , Uludag Mehmet , Yetkin Gurkan , Gurbulak Esin Kabul , Ozguven Banu Yılmaz , Citgez Sinharib , Yalcin Veli 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT
Metastases to the thyroid gland are rare. We report the case of a 50-year-old man with an isolated thyroid metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 3 years after radical nephrectomy for the primary disease. Although uncommon, if a patient with a previous history of malignancy has a new thyroid mass, it should be considered metastatic tumor of recurrent malignancy until proved otherwise.
Shvo’s Catalyst and [IrCp*Cl2(amidine)] Effectively Catalyze the Formation of Tertiary Amines from the Reaction of Primary Alcohols and Ammonium Salts
Authors: Segarra Candela , Mas‐Marzá Elena , Mata José A. , Peris Eduardo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe reaction of (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium dichloride dimer, [IrCp*Cl2]2, with bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)formamidine allows the preparation of two new [IrCp*Cl2(amidine)] and [IrCp*Cl(amidinate)] complexes, which have been fully characterized. Both complexes have been tested in the β‐alkylation of 1‐phenylethanol with primary alcohols, and in the formation of tertiary amines from the reaction of ammonium salts with primary alcohols, and the results have been compared with those shown by Shvo’s catalyst. Our studies demonstrate that both [IrCp*Cl2(amidine)] and Shvo’s catalyst are very efficient in both catalytic processes. The high activity of the Ir‐amidine complex may be attributed to the presence of the NH group in the amidine ligand.
Evaluation of the Electronic Properties of a Carbodiphosphorane through Gold Catalysis
Authors: El‐Hellani Ahmad , Bour Christophe , Gandon Vincent 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCarbodiphosphoranes [C(PR3)2] are divalent carbon(0) derivatives which can be used as ligands to form either M←C(PR3)2 or (M)2← C(PR3)2 species. They were computationally predicted to be even stronger electron donors than N‐heterocyclic carbenes. We have introduced hexaphenylcarbodiphosphorane [C(PPh3)2] for the first time in gold catalysis in order to validate this prediction by experimentation. Its mono‐ and digold complexes were compared to tris(2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl) phosphite, triphenylphosphine, and 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene in representative gold(I)‐catalyzed transformations. The advantages and limitations of these ligands are discussed.
Clinical outcome and monitoring of minimal residual disease in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia expressing the MLL/ENL fusion gene
Authors: Elia Loredana , Grammatico Sara , Paoloni Francesca , Vignetti Marco , Rago Angela , Cenfra Natalia , Mecarocci Sergio , Mancini Marco , Luciani Matteo , Di Raimondo Francesco , Cazzaniga Giovanni , Matarazzo Mabel , Moleti Maria Luisa , Santoro Lidia , Gaidano Gianluca , Foà Robin , Mandelli Franco , Cimino Giuseppe 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe analyzed 12 MLL/ENL positive ALL patients consecutively diagnosed between 1999 and 2009. The MLL/ENL fusion was identified in 4/150 (2.6%), 8/993 (0.8%), and 0/70 of pediatric, adult, and elderly patients, respectively. Eight patients had a WBC count >50 × 109/L. Ten cases had an evaluable immunophenotyping. A B or T precursor ALL occurred in 7 and 3 patients, respectively. Eleven/12 patients (92%) achieved CR. At 48 months, overall survival and event‐free survival rates were 73.3% and 67%, respectively. At CR, a parallel RT‐PCR evaluation of the MLL/ENL expression was available in 5 cases. Of these latter, 2 tested MLL/ENL‐negative and 3 positive. The minimal residual disease molecular monitoring showed that MLL/ENL status did not correlate with outcome. In fact, all the 2 PCR‐negative and 1 of the 3 PCR‐positive cases relapsed. Further, a MLL/ENL expression, not preceding a relapse, was detected several times during the follow‐up of five long‐survivors. In conclusion, also in adults, the MLL/ENL fusion identifies a rare leukemic entity with a favorable prognosis. The observed inconsistency between the clinical cure and the presence of detectable MLL/ENL transcript suggests the existence of a MLL/ENL‐expressing “preleukemia” stem cells, similar to what demonstrated for the AML1/ETO‐positive leukemia setting. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.