bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relational transformation in mediation: Following constitutive and regulative rules
Authors: Jorgensen Erling O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDisputes can be analyzed in terms of implicit rules people use to ascribe meaning to situations (“constitutive rules”) and to specify appropriate action (“regulative rules”). These concepts, drawn from the Coordinated Management of Meaning theory of Pearce and Cronen (1980), represent an untapped resource for mediators and are especially compatible with the Transformative Mediation approach of Bush and Folger (1994). This article shows, through intensive analysis of simulated sessions, how mediators can explicitly track and clarify the multiple contexts of parties' constitutive rules, and how relational transformation can emerge and be encouraged through surfacing opportunities for empowerment (decision making and strength toward self) and recognition (perspective taking and compassion toward others).
Alkyne Hydroarylation in Ionic Liquids Catalyzed by Palladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Biffis Andrea , Gazzola Luca , Tubaro Cristina , Basato Marino 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe efficiency of dicarbene palladium(II) complexes and of simple palladium(II) acetate as catalysts for alkyne hydroarylation under liquid‐liquid biphasic conditions involving an ionic liquid as the catalyst‐containing phase is investigated. The results obtained under these conditions, both in terms of activity and selectivity, are compared with those previously obtained under homogeneous conditions. The catalytic efficiency of the systems is found to be markedly dependent on the nature of the anion of the ionic liquid. Suitable anions are found to significantly improve the catalytic performance in comparison to homogeneous conditions. Preliminary investigations on the recyclability of the system as well as the on advantages of using an acidic ionic liquid are also carried out.
Experimental study of a chaos‐based communication system in the presence of unknown transmission delay
Authors: Jafari Saeid , Haeri Mohammad , Tavazoei Mohammad Saleh 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, a chaos‐based communication system in the presence of unknown transmission delay is studied. First, under master/slave configurations, two chaotic Chen systems as the slaves are synchronized with a master one via unidirectional coupling. Then at the transmitter, information of an image is embedded within a slave‐one signal and the resultant signal along with another one which is used to determine the transmission delay is transmitted to the receiver. At the receiver, using the received signals and the slave‐two counterpart signal, the image is recovered. The performance of the proposed method is experimentally illustrated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental Studies of Demixing in Ar–N Plasmas Produced in a Wall‐Stabilized Arc
Authors: Ksia̧żek I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPlasmas produced in a wall stabilized arc in mixtures of argon and nitrogen, containing different amounts of these elements have been studied. The plasma composition turns out to be very important to the process of demixing in radial direction. In plasmas containing mainly argon, the argon mass fraction reveals a local minimum on the arc axis while in plasmas containing large amount of nitrogen the argon mass fraction have a maximum on the arc axis.The increase of nitrogen amount in Ar–N plasma influences the radial temperature profile causing a decrease of the temperature in plasma layers close to the stabilizing wall and an increase on the axis of plasma column. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimizing Patching‐based multicast for video‐on‐demand in wireless mesh networks
Authors: Xie Fei , Hua Kien A. , Jiang Ning 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this work, we study the application of video‐on‐demand (VoD) in wireless mesh networks (WMN), a next generation edge technology to provide broadband data access in residential, business and even city‐wise networks. We adopt a Patching‐based multicast technique to better utilize the bandwidth resources in the mesh network. We optimize the Patching‐based multicast by addressing two critical problems, namely, theMinimum Cost Multicast Tree(MCMT) problem and theMaximum Benefit Multicast Group(MBMG) problem. The MCMT problem is to find a MCMT in the network. We show that finding such a tree in the WMN can be formulated as a graph theory problem, which is to find the tree with minimum number of non‐leaf nodes, and which spans all the nodes in the multicast group. We further prove the problem is NP‐hard and propose a fast greedy algorithm to accommodate the real‐time feature of the VoD application. We solve the MBMG problem by minimizing the communication of a Patching group in the entire network. A Markov model is proposed to capture the growth of the multicast group in the WMN. Simulation study results validate the proposed solutions of the two problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of MK‐886, a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor, on [Ca2+]iand apoptosis in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Chang Hong‐Tai , Huang Chorng‐Chih , Cheng He‐Hsiung , Lu Ti , Wang Jue‐Long , Lin Ko‐Long , Hsu Pei‐Te , Tsai Jeng‐Yu , Liao Wei‐Chuan , Lu Yih‐Chau , Huang Jong‐Khing , Jan Chung‐Ren 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of MK‐886 (3‐[1‐(p‐chlorobenzyl)‐5‐(isopropyl)‐3‐tert‐butylthioindol‐2‐yl]‐2, 2‐dimethylpropanoic acid), a compound widely used to inhibit leukotriene synthesis, on cytosolic free Ca2+concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in osteosarcoma cells has not been explored. This study examined whether MK‐886 altered [Ca2+]ilevels in suspended MG63 human osteosarcoma cells using fura‐2. MK‐886 at 0.1 μM and above increased [Ca2+]iin a concentration‐dependent manner. The Ca2+signal was reduced partly by removing extracellular Ca2+. MK‐886 induced Mn2+quenching of fura‐2 fluorescence, implicating Ca2+entry. MK‐886‐induced Ca2+influx was inhibited by store‐operated Ca2+entry inhibitors, nifedipine, econazole, and SKF96365; and by the protein kinase C modulators, phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) and GF109203X. In Ca2+‐free medium, after pretreatment with 5 μM MK‐886, 1 μM thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+pump inhibitor)‐induced [Ca2+]irises were abolished; conversely, thapsigargin pretreatment nearly abolished MK‐886‐induced [Ca2+]irises. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 did not change MK‐886‐induced [Ca2+]irises. Collectively, in MG63 osteosarcoma cells, MK‐886 induced [Ca2+]irises by causing phospholipase C‐independent Ca2+release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+influx via protein kinase C‐regulated store‐operated Ca2+entry. Drug Dev Res 69: 49–57, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative evaluation of quality of doxycycline formulations registered in Estonia to those registered in the Russian Federation
Authors: Meos A. , Paap M. , Matto V. , Veski P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe in vitro properties of four Estonian drug market (manufactured in Austria, Germany, and Finland) and four Russian Federation drug market (manufactured in Belarussia and Russian Federation) doxycycline formulations were evaluated using the estimation of the quantitative content and purity of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the dissolution test. Tolerance limits were set according to the European Pharmacopoeia (for the content and purity of the API) and USP (for the dissolution test) doxycycline monographs. All Estonian drug market doxycycline formulations complied with the tolerance limits in all tests and assays. Most of the Russian Federation drug market doxycycline formulations also passed the tolerance limits, with two minor exceptions: one formulation contained quantitatively API below the USP limit (83.7% instead of the 90%), but all the API was readily released in the dissolution test, the other formulation (capsules) released 80% of API in 39 min instead of 30 min. The general conclusion of the study is that despite some deviations, the Russian Federation drug market doxycycline formulations are comparable with those purchased from the Estonian drug market. Drug Dev Res 69: 58–68, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LBY135, a novel anti‐DR5 agonistic antibody induces tumor cell–specific cytotoxic activity in human colon tumor cell lines and xenografts
Authors: Li Jing , Knee Deborah A. , Wang Youzhen , Zhang Qingxiu , Johnson Jennifer A. , Cheng Jane , He Helen , Miller Christine , Li Zhifang , Kowal Colleen , Eckman Joseph , Tang Betty , Yuan Jing , Chen Liqing , Deveraux Quinn , Nasoff Marc S. , Stover David 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTRAIL (TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand) induces apoptosis on binding to DR4 and DR5 receptors on the surface of tumor cells. These receptors are of particular interest in the development of cancer therapeutics as they preferentially mediate tumor cell apoptosis. We have generated a chimeric anti‐DR5 agonistic antibody, LBY135, from its murine parental antibody, LCR211, identified using hybridoma technology. Both LCR211 and LBY135 specifically bind to DR5 with nanomolar affinity, mimic TRAIL to induce cell death in tumor cells, and have little effect on non‐transformed cells in vitro. The anti‐DR5 antibody reduced viability in 45% of a panel of 40 human colon cancer cell lines with IC50values of 20 nM or less. In vivo, using human colorectal tumor xenograft mouse models, LCR211 induced tumor regression and showed enhanced efficacy when combined with 5‐FU. Both in vitro evaluation of ADCC (antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity) and CDC (complement‐dependent cytotoxicity), and in vivo studies using a non‐functional DR5 specific antibody or SCID‐Beige mice, suggested ADCC and CDC are unlikely to be the mechanism to ablate tumors in vivo. LBY135 and LCR211 appear to mediate cell death and tumor regression mainly through apoptosis, as demonstrated by the activation of caspase 3, caspase 8, M30, and TUNEL assay. In addition, the discovery of synergy between cross‐linked LBY135 and TRAIL not only revealed the unique epitope of LBY135, but also demonstrated an additional mechanism of action for LBY135 in vivo. LBY135 demonstrates promise as a novel therapeutic for cancer treatment and is currently in Phase I clinical trials. Drug Dev Res 69: 69–82, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iptakalim prevents rat pulmonary hypertension induced by endothelin‐1 through the activation of KATP channel in vivo
Authors: Wang Hong , Xie Weiping , Zhang Zheng , Wang Hai , Hu Gang , Zhang Shijiang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIptakalim has been previously characterized as a novel, selective ATP‐sensitive potassium channel opener. In the present study, to determine whether iptakalim can prevent the pulmonary hypertension induced by endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) through the activation of KATP channel in vivo, the effects of iptakalim and glibenclamide (a selective KATP channel blocker) on the mean pulmonary pressure (mPAP) induced by ET‐1 were examined in rats. Treatment of the animals with exogenous ET‐1 (via the pulmonary artery at a dose of 1.5 µg/kg) induced a pulmonary hypertension in vivo, whereas the administration of iptakalim (via the pulmonary artery at doses of either 0.5 mg or 1.0 mg/kg) prior to ET‐1 prevented pulmonary hypertension induced by ET‐1 in vivo. The ability of iptakalim to prevent pulmonary hypertension induced by ET‐1 was abolished by glibenclamide (via the femoral artery at a dose of 20 mg/kg) in vivo. These findings provide strong evidence that iptakalim acts as a specific KATP channel opener to antagonize the vasoconstrictor effect of ET‐1 in the pulmonary circulation. Thus, iptakalim may be developed as a therapeutic option for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Drug Dev Res 69: 89–94, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical inactivity and obesity: links with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Venables Michelle C. , Jeukendrup Asker E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractData from the health survey for England 2006 1, showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has more than doubled in men and women since 1991. In the USA certain States have a prevalence of T2DM of greater than 10% 2. Globally it has been reported that this increase is by no means slowing down and that the number of individuals with the disease is expected to rise from 171 million cases reported in 2000 to 366 million by the year 2030 3. Physical inactivity and obesity are two major risk factors for the development of T2DM. In this review we will discuss evidence of an association between physical inactivity, obesity and T2DM from prospective cohort studies and clinical trials. We will also discuss some of the potential mechanisms that are thought to link obesity and physical inactivity with the major pathophysiological precursor of T2DM, insulin resistance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational and vibrational spectroscopic studies of ipratropium bromide
Authors: Ali H. R. H. , Edwards H. G. M. , Kendrick J. , Scowen I. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, ipratropium bromide is investigated using vibrational spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The structure of ipratropium bromide was optimised using density functional theory calculations and the geometry optimisation has been carried out on two conformations with and without intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Infrared and Raman spectra were calculated from the optimised structures. Many modes in the calculated spectra could be matched with the experimental spectra and a description of the modes is given. By analysis of the theoretical vibrational modes, it is shown that ipratropium bromide specimens are likely to be a mixture of the two conformations with and without intramolecular hydrogen bonding. In addition, several spectral features and band intensities in the CH and OH stretching regions are explained. Quantum mechanical calculations allowed improved understanding of ipratropium bromide and its vibrational spectra. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteolysis and autolysis of proteases and the detection of degradation products in doping control
Authors: Thomas Andreas , Kohler Maxie , Walpurgis Katja , Schänzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe determination of protein‐ or peptide‐based performance‐enhancing pharmaceuticals has gained increasing attention in sports drug testing in recent decades. Proteases possess a high potential for use in the manipulation of regular urine specimens, interfering with established doping control procedures for proteins or peptides. Hence, the present approach was developed to identify degradation products directly from proteases with exogenous origin in urine samples by means of SDS‐PAGE and capillary liquid chromatography—Orbitrap (tandem) mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometric identification was accomplished by database search considering the accurate monoisotopic precursor mass with data dependent MS/MS analysis and no setting for specific cleavage site(s) or enzyme(s). The main characteristics of the method were shown in an exemplary way for the proteases Papain, Bacillolysin, Trypsin and Subtilisin with sufficient results for specificity, limit of detection, working range, precision and recovery after incubation. All experiments were performed with fortified urine samples under consideration of assumed realistic conditions for adulteration by cheating sportsmen. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection for simultaneous determination of proline and fleroxacin in human urine
Authors: Sun Hanwen , Li Liqing , Wu Yuanyuan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe content of free proline (Pro) in body fluids is a biological parameter for patients with renal insufficiency and chronic uraemia. Fleroxacin (FLX) must be used cautiously because of adverse reactions. Its dosage must be adjusted according to the degree of renal insufficiency. In a clinical setting the simultaneous determination of Pro and FLX in body fluids is necessary for the rational utilization of FLX. A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method based on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection with Ru(bpy)32+ was developed for the simultaneous determination of Pro and FLX in human urine. Parameters related to separation and detection were investigated and optimized. The most favourable resolution and high sensitivity were obtained using a 15 mM phosphate buffer at pH 9.6 with the detection potential at 1.15 V. Under optimized conditions, the standard curves were linear in the range of 0.1–80 µg/mL for Pro and 0.1–100 µg/mL for FLX. Detection limits(3σ) of 0.3 ng/mL for FLX and 0.02 µg/mL for Pro were obtained. Relative standard derivations (RSDs) of the ECL intensity and the migration time were 3.2% and 0.9% for 4 µg/mL Pro and 3.7% and 1.2% for 4 µg/mL FLX, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 94.8–99.6% for Pro with RSDs of 2.8%–3.6% and 94.7–97.8% for FLX with RSDs of 2.9%–3.7%. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine the amounts of Pro and FLX in human urine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic rearrangement of surface proteins is essential for cytokinesis
Authors: Bauer Tobias , Motosugi Nami , Miura Koichi , Sabe Hisataka , Hiiragi Takashi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSequential time‐lapse images of a cleaving mouse zygote labeled with fluorescent latex microbeads (red) that bind to cell‐surface proteins. These images show that the second polar body moves together with cell‐surface proteins, and that the majority of the cell‐surface proteins accumulate in the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. See Bauer et al. in this issue.
Predictors of word‐level literacy amongst Grade 3 children in five diverse languages
Authors: Smythe Ian , Everatt John , Al‐Menaye Nasser , He Xianyou , Capellini Simone , Gyarmathy Eva , Siegel Linda S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGroups of Grade 3 children were tested on measures of word‐level literacy and undertook tasks that required the ability to associate sounds with letter sequences and that involved visual, auditory and phonological‐processing skills. These groups came from different language backgrounds in which the language of instruction was Arabic, Chinese, English, Hungarian or Portuguese. Similar measures were used across the groups, with tests being adapted to be appropriate for the language of the children. Findings indicated that measures of decoding and phonological‐processing skills were good predictors of word reading and spelling among Arabic‐ and English‐speaking children, but were less able to predict variability in these same early literacy skills among Chinese‐ and Hungarian‐speaking children, and were better at predicting variability in Portuguese word reading than spelling. Results were discussed with reference to the relative transparency of the script and issues of dyslexia assessment across languages. Overall, the findings argue for the need to take account of features of the orthography used to represent a language when developing assessment procedures for a particular language and that assessment of word‐level literacy skills and a phonological perspective of dyslexia may not be universally applicable across all language contexts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summary of ‘Interventions for treating obesity in children’
Authors: Oude Luttikhuis H. , Baur L. , Jansen H. , Shrewsbury V. A. , O'Malley C. , Stolk R. P. , Summerbell C. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis is a summary, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials, of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Oude Luttikhuis H, Baur L, Jansen H, Shrewsbury VA, O'Malley C, Stolk RP, Summerbell CD. Interventions for treating obesity in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD001872. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001872.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
A conceptual framework for understanding semi‐arid land degradation: ecohydrological interactions across multiple‐space and time scales
Authors: Turnbull L. , Wainwright J. , Brazier R. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLand degradation is a problem prolific across semi‐arid areas worldwide. Despite being a complex process including both biotic and abiotic elements, previous attempts to understand ecosystem dynamics have largely been carried out within the disparate disciplines of ecology and hydrology, which has led to significant limitations. Here, an ecohydrological framework is outlined, to provide a new direction for the study of land degradation in semi‐arid ecosystems. Unlike other frameworks that draw upon hierarchy theory to provide a broad, non‐explicit conceptual framework, this new framework is based upon the explicit linkage of processes operating over the continuum of temporal and spatial scales by perceiving the ecosystem as a series of structural and functional connections, within which interactions between biotic and abiotic components of the landscape occur. It is hypothesized that semi‐arid land degradation conforms to a cusp‐catastrophe model in which the two controlling variables are abiotic structural connectivity and abiotic functional connectivity, which implicitly account for ecosystem resilience, and biotic structural and function connectivity. It is suggested therefore that future research must (1) evaluate how abiotic and biotic function (i.e. water, sediment and nutrient loss/redistribution) vary over grass–shrub transitions and (2) quantify the biotic/abiotic structure over grass‐shrub transitions, to (3) determine the interactions between ecosystem structure and function, and interactions/feedbacks between biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method for estimating subdaily evapotranspiration of shallow groundwater using diurnal water table fluctuations
Authors: Loheide II Steven P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDiurnal water table fluctuations are a common feature of well hydrographs recorded in wetlands, riparian areas, and similar environments where shallow groundwater supports phreatophytic vegetation. Historically, this periodic signal has been used to estimate daily groundwater consumption by this vegetation and has shown that this is typically a very large component of the water budget. As interest in ecohydrology grows and the need for finer resolution estimates of groundwater consumption increases, new, cost‐effective measurement methodologies must be developed. Here, a method is proposed that uses the observed rate of water table decline during the day to estimate phreatophytic groundwater consumption while using the nighttime records to account for other groundwater fluxes to/from the vicinity of the well at all times. Variably saturated groundwater flow modeling was used to create a synthetic data set to test the methodology, and results showed that accurate, sub‐daily (15 min) estimates of phreatophytic groundwater consumption were obtained. The method was also applied to a preexisting data set to demonstrate the usefulness of the technique. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.