bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Compositional Parameters to the Oxidative Stability of Olive and Walnut Oil Blends
Authors: Torres Mariela , Martínez Marcela , Pierantozzi Pierluigi , Albanese María , Nasjleti Agustín , Maestri Damián 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOil blending was conducted to study the effects of changes in fatty acid composition (FAC), tocopherols and total phenol content (TPC) on oxidative stability of virgin olive oil (VOO):walnut oil (WO) blends. The measurement of the antioxidant activity of bioactive components present in the parent oils and blends was achieved by their ability to scavenge the free stable 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·). The highest percentage of DPPH· inhibition was found for pure VOO, and the lowest one for pure WO. EC50 values obtained from the DPPH assay correlated significantly and inversely with TPC. The generation of volatile flavor components in VOO indicated the predominance of C6 compounds produced through biochemical (enzymatic) pathways, whereas WO showed increased concentrations of medium chain (C7–C11) aldehydes produced through chemical (oxidative) pathways. The results obtained confirm the importance of VOO phenolics in providing protection against oxidation in VOO and VOO/WO blends. However, considering the impact of FAC and the content of endogenous antioxidant substances mentioned previously on the oxidative stability of the oils analyzed, the effect of an elevated unsaturation level (WO) prevails over a high amount of such bioactive components (VOO).
Resilience and suicidality among homeless youth
Authors: Cleverley Kristin , Kidd Sean A. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTHomeless and street‐involved youth are considered an extremely high risk group, with many studies highlighting trajectories characterized by abusive, neglectful, and unstable family histories, victimization and criminal involvement while on the streets, high rates of physical and mental illness, and extremely high rates of mortality. While there exists a substantial body of knowledge regarding risk, in recent years attention has been increasingly shifting to the examination of resilience, intervention, and service delivery models for these young people. The present study describes the findings from a quantitative examination of personal and street‐related demographics, psychological distress, self‐esteem, resilience, and suicidality among 47 homeless and street‐involved youth. Key findings indicate that the apparent erosion of mental health variables, including resilience, occurs as a function of how long the youths have been without stable housing. Finally, those youths’ perceived resilience was associated with less suicidal ideation whereas higher psychological distress was associated with higher suicidal ideation, even when accounting for resiliency.
Dividends, maturity, and acquisitions: Evidence from a sample of bank IPOs
Authors: Cornett Marcia Millon , Fayman Alex , Marcus Alan J. , Tehranian Hassan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPost‐IPO banks are far more likely to initiate dividends than nonfinancial IPO firms. Moreover, dividend initiation has a significant impact on the ultimate disposition of a newly public bank, increasing its likelihood of subsequent acquisition by around 40% and reducing the expected time until acquisition by 83%. Conditional on being acquired, dividend initiation increases the average takeover premium by about 55% of the market value of the bank in the month prior to the takeover announcement. Dividend initiating banks are also more mature, as indicated by asset growth rates, profitability, risk measures, and corporate governance measures. The initiation of the dividends and the ultimate sale of the firm may be consequences of the same underlying driver—maturity—but the dividend initiation appears to expedite the process by confirming the status of the firm and by drawing attention to the bank's readiness and willingness to be acquired. Dividend initiation thus seems to speed up and amplify the rewards to owners that may be reaped through an ultimate sale of the institution.
Maternal consumption of high-prebiotic fibre or -protein diets during pregnancy and lactation differentially influences satiety hormones and expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in offspring in rats
Authors: Maurer Alannah D. , Reimer Raylene A. 
Published: December 2010

Risk of developing the metabolic syndrome may be influenced by nutritional environment early in life. We examined the effects of high-fibre (HF) and high-protein (HP) diets consumed during pregnancy and lactation on satiety hormones and expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in offspring. Wistar dams were fed a control (C), HF or HP diets during pregnancy and lactation. At parturition, litters were culled to ten pups. At 21 d, all pups were weaned onto C diet. At 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 d after birth, blood was analysed for satiety hormones and tissues for mRNA expression in offspring. No differences were observed in litter size or birth weight. At 21 d, offspring of HF dams had greater adjusted intestinal mass and lower liver weight than those of C but not of HP dams. Plasma glucose at 28 d and amylin at 7, 14 and 28 d were lower in HF v. C and HP offspring. Glucagon-like peptide-1 was higher in HP offspring than in HF offspring at 7 d but was higher in HF v. C offspring at 21 d. Offspring of HF dams had higher glucose transporter (GLUT2 and Na+-dependent glucose/galactose transporter) mRNA expression at 21 d v. C and HP offspring. In brown adipose tissue, HF and HP up-regulated uncoupling protein-1 and PPAR-γ coactivator. HP was associated with increased resistin and IL-6 mRNA expression. The present study demonstrates that maternal diet composition differentially regulates circulating satiety hormones and genes involved in glucose transport and energy metabolism in offspring. These early changes could have long-term consequences for obesity risk.
Polyethyleneimine nanoparticles incorporated into resin composite cause cell death and trigger biofilm stress in vivo
Authors: Beyth Nurit , Yudovin-Farber Ira , Perez-Davidi Michael , Domb Abraham J. , Weiss Ervin I. 
Published: December 2010

Incorporation of cross-linked quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine (QPEI) nanoparticles in dental resin composite has a long-lasting and wide antimicrobial effect with no measured impact on biocompatibility in vitro. We hypothesized that QPEI nanoparticles incorporated into a resin composite have a potent antibacterial effect in vivo and that this stress condition triggers a suicide module in the bacterial biofilm. Ten volunteers wore a removable acrylic appliance, in which two control resin composite specimens and two resin composite specimens incorporating 1% wt/wt QPEI nanoparticles were inserted to allow the buildup of intraoral biofilms. After 4 h, the specimens were removed and tested for bacterial vitality and biofilm thickness, using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The vitality rate in specimens incorporating QPEI was reduced by > 50% (
p
< 0.00001), whereas biofilm thickness was increased (
p
< 0.05). The ability of the biofilm supernatant to restore bacterial death was tested in vitro. The in vitro tests showed a 70% decrease in viable bacteria (
p
< 0.05). Biofilm morphological differences were also observed in the scanning electron microscope micrographs of the resin composite versus the resin composite incorporating QPEI. These results strongly suggest that QPEI nanoparticles incorporated at a low concentration in resin composite exert a significant in vivo antibiofilm activity and exhibit a potent broad spectrum antibacterial activity against salivary bacteria.
The Experimental Mindset within Development Economics: Proper Use and Handling Are Everything
Authors: Ehmke Mariah , Shogren Jason F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRecent work with Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) in development economics has contributed to economists' use of the experimental mindset to inform policy choices. Development scholars, however, question the authority of RCT evidence, and worry that the RCT trend will turn their profession away from theory and econometrics. We examine this challenge, as well as RCTs' role within the broader experimental area, with a thorough review of relevant literature. We find that generic RCT fears are overstated. Experimental methods should be evaluated as a tool to test theory, search for patterns, and to pre‐test new institutions. From this mindset, we see unexplored pathways that may benefit from the experimental mindset, further economic theory, and reduce poverty.
Effects of ULTRAfiltration vs. DIureticS on clinical, biohumoral and haemodynamic variables in patients with deCOmpensated heart failure: the ULTRADISCO study
Authors: Giglioli Cristina , Landi Daniele , Cecchi Emanuele , Chiostri Marco , Gensini Gian Franco , Valente Serafina , Ciaccheri Mauro , Castelli Gabriele , Romano Salvatore Mario 
Published: December 2010

AimsTo evaluate the clinical, biohumoral, and haemodynamic effects of ultrafiltration vs. intravenous diuretics in patients with decompensated heart failure (HF). Signs and symptoms of volume overload are often present in these patients and standard therapy consists primarily of intravenous diuretics. Increasing evidence suggests that ultrafiltration can be an effective alternative treatment.Methods and resultsThirty patients with decompensated HF were randomly assigned to diuretics or ultrafiltration. Haemodynamic variables, including several novel parameters indicating the overall performance of the cardiovascular system, were continuously assessed with the Pressure Recording Analytical Method before, during, at the end of treatment (EoT) and 36 h after completing treatment. Aldosterone and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) plasma levels were also measured. Patients treated with ultrafiltration had a more pronounced reduction in signs and symptoms of HF at EoT compared with baseline, and a significant decrease in plasma aldosterone (0.24 ± 0.25 vs. 0.86 ± 1.04 nmol/L; P < 0.001) and NT‐proBNP levels (2823 ± 2474 vs. 5063 ± 3811 ng/L; P < 0.001) compared with the diuretic group. The ultrafiltration group showed a significant improvement (% of baseline) in a number of haemodynamic parameters, including stroke volume index (114.0 ± 11.7%; P < 0.001), cardiac index (123.0 ± 20.8%; P < 0.001), cardiac power output (114.0 ± 13.8%; P < 0.001), dP/dtmax (129.5 ± 19.9%; P < 0.001), and cardiac cycle efficiency (0.24 ± 0.54 vs. −0.14 ± 0.50 units; P < 0.05), and a significant reduction in systemic vascular resistance 36 h after the treatment (88.0 ± 10.9%; P < 0.001), which was not observed in the diuretic group.ConclusionsIn patients with advanced HF, ultrafiltration facilitates a greater clinical improvement compared with diuretic infusion by ameliorating haemodynamics (assessed using a minimally invasive methodology) without a marked increase in aldosterone or NT‐proBNP levels.
Distance, information asymmetry, and mergers: evidence from Canadian firms
Authors: Basu Nilanjan , Chevrier Mathieu 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the distance between the acquiror and the target on merger outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the distance between acquiror and target headquarters for a sample of 134 Canadian mergers to proxy for the impact of information asymmetry due to distance. They use an ordinary least squares regression to examine the impact of this distance on the abnormal returns earned by the acquiror and the operating performance of the acquiror. They also use a logistic regression to test for the impact of distance on the choice of the medium of exchange.FindingsThe results suggest that a larger distance between the acquiror and the target is related to lower abnormal returns for the acquiror, poorer post‐merger operating performance, as well as to a greater use of stock as the medium of exchange. The results are robust to several alternate specifications.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this paper extend existing research that suggests that distance affects investment decisions. Moreover, by analyzing the choice of the medium of exchange, this paper provides evidence that indicates that the distance matters due to its impact on information. As such, the paper suggests a potential empirical approach to measuring information asymmetry. Future research could help us better understand the role of distance in various other aspects of corporate decision making.Originality/valueThis paper, by analyzing a sample of Canadian firms, provides an out‐of‐sample test for prior research that has focused almost exclusively on US firms. Moreover, by looking at the choice of the medium of exchange, it provides direct evidence that distance affects corporate decision making.
Lead‐lag relationship, volatility asymmetry, and overreaction phenomenon
Authors: Chang Chih‐Hsiang , Cheng Hsin‐I , Huang I‐Hsiang , Huang Hsu‐Huei 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to investigate the price interrelationship between the Taiwanese and US financial markets.Design/methodology/approachThe trivariate GJR‐GARCH (1,1) model and event study were employed to investigate volatility asymmetry and overreaction phenomenon, respectively.FindingsThe empirical results show that return volatility reveals the asymmetric phenomenon, and the holding period returns on US index futures from the opening of the US index futures electronic trading to the opening of the Taiwanese stock market are an important reference for investors in the Taiwanese stock market. Additionally, the paper presents an overreaction of the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index to a drastic price rise of E‐min NASDAQ 100 Index futures at the opening of the Taiwanese stock market.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper deletes the observations arising from the different national holidays of the USA and Taiwan, to have the same number of observations in both markets, which might contaminate the empirical results.Practical implicationsInvestors in the Taiwanese stock market tend to pay more attention to the fluctuations in the share prices of high‐technological companies in the USA.Originality/valueMost of the previous studies regarding price transmission between the Taiwanese and US stock markets focused mainly on the Taiwanese market reactions to the overnight returns of the US market. This paper enlarges the current field by examining the lead‐lag relationship, the volatility asymmetry, and the overreaction phenomenon between the Taiwanese and US financial markets according to the most updated US stock index information.
Hysteresis loss in vector Preisach models
Authors: Della Torre E. , Cardelli E. , Bennett L.H. 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe magnetic modeling of materials has been focused on computing magnetization and forces in devices. With increasing efforts to make energy efficient devices, attention must now be paid to hysteresis losses in magnetizing processes. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the pertinent parameters that determine these losses and a method of identifying them.Design/methodology/approachA vector model was used that is designed to compute losses correctly, to focus on hysteresis losses in models that compute the same magnetization, but have different losses.FindingsThe model computes the same cyclic losses as expected.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis of this paper is limited to isotropic media, but it can be generalized to anisotropic media. The accuracy of the Della Torre, Pinzaglia and Cardelli (DPC) model is also limited.Practical implicationsOnce the model has been validated, the designer can minimize the instantaneous as well as the average dissipation. This will permit the design of more reliable devices.Originality/valueThe DPC model used in this work has not been fully explored previously.
A modified elliptic model of anisotropy in nonlinear magnetic materials
Authors: Bíró Oszkár , Außerhofer Stefan , Preis Kurt , Chen Yu 
Published: December 2010

PurposeGrain‐oriented steel has a distinctly anisotropic and nonlinear behaviour. Only in rare cases is the magnetisation curve known for directions other than the principal ones. The paper aims at providing a model to obtain these curves for any direction if those in the easy and hard directions are only given.Design/methodology/approachThe well‐known elliptic model is modified in order to correctly mimic the typical behaviour of grain‐oriented steel which is not described correctly by the original elliptic model. An additional condition is introduced to fix the angle between the flux density and magnetic field intensity.FindingsThe model is found to yield good agreement with measurements in case of a special material for which measured curves for intermediate angles are available.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is necessary to establish whether the model is applicable to other materials.Originality/valueThe new model can be used in numerical analyses of devices comprising saturated grain‐oriented steel material if the magnetisation curves are given in the principal directions.
Energetic model of ferromagnetic hysteresis
Authors: Fulmek P. , Haumer P. , Wegleiter H. , Schweighofer B. 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a model to describe the nonlinear and hysteretic properties of ferromagnetic materials.Design/methodology/approachThe energetic model of ferromagnetic hysteresis evolved from some well‐known concepts in ferromagnetism in the last years. The magnetisation process is calculated from energy balance and statistical domain behaviour. Based on vectorial, anisotropic, multi‐domain considerations an isotropic, scalar model is derived, which gives quite simple equations to describe the nonlinear, hysteretic magnetisation process.FindingsThe presented simulations for steel samples and ferrite samples show very nice correspondence with measurements.Originality/valueThe scalar model seems to be especially suited for integration into finite element modelling or into simulations of electro‐magnetic circuits.
Niching evolution strategy finding global and Pareto optimal solutions
Authors: Magele Christian , Jaindl Michael , Köstinger Alice , Renhart Werner , Cranganu‐Cretu Bogdan , Smajic Jasmin 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend a (μ/ρ, λ) evolution strategy to perform remarkably more globally and to detect as many solutions as possible close to the Pareto optimal front.Design/methodology/approachA C‐link cluster algorithm is used to group the parameter configurations of the current population into more or less independent clusters. Following this procedure, recombination (a classical operator of evolutionary strategies) is modified. Recombination within a cluster is performed with a higher probability than recombination of individuals coming from detached clusters.FindingsIt is shown that this new method ends up virtually always in the global solution of a multi‐modal test function. When applied to a real‐world application, several solutions very close to the front of Pareto optimal solutions are detected.Research limitations/implicationsStochastic optimization strategies need a very large number of function calls to exhibit their ability to reach very good local if not the global solution. Therefore, the application of such methods is still limited to problems where the forward solutions can be obtained with a reasonable computational effort.Originality/valueThe main improvement is the usage of approximate number of isolated clusters to dynamically update the size of the population in order to save computation time, to find the global solution with a higher probability and to use more than one objective function to cover a larger part of the Pareto optimal front.
Interlaced resolution scheme for the simultaneous analysis of brain electric activity and conductivity with combined EEG/MEG diagnostics
Authors: Caminiti I.M.V. , Formisano A. , Martone R. , Ferraioli F. 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performances of a resolution scheme able to follow the dynamics of brain tissue properties in combined ElectroEncefaloGraphic (EEG) – MagnetoEncefaloGraphic (MEG) techniques for the brain analysis, minimizing the computation burden.Design/methodology/approachThe estimation process in combined EEG‐MEG is performed by a Moore‐Penrose pseudo‐inverse computation. This is affected by the uncertain knowledge of the living tissues' electric properties. In principle, it is possible to estimate those properties from the EEG‐MEG signals. The estimation process becomes in this case non‐linear. A resolution scheme is proposed, based on the exploitation of the different dynamics characterizing sources and tissues properties.FindingsThe proposed resolution scheme provides a reasonable estimate of the sources for a computationally affordable frequency of non‐liner estimations.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed approach has not been tested yet on experimental data, and as such, its sensitivity to environmental uncertainty is not known yet.Practical implicationsThe proposed strategy can be easily implemented to perform realistic measurement processing.Originality/valueThe paper presents a novel strategy to estimate tissues properties and EEG‐MEG signal sources based on the exploitation of their different dynamics, possibly taking advantages from an impedance tomography preliminary analysis for the tissue properties dynamics.
Convolution approach for analysis of magnetic forces in electrical machines
Authors: Rothe R. , van der Giet M. , Hameyer K. 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a method for analyzing higher magnetic force harmonics in electrical machines based on electromagnetic finite element simulation.Design/methodology/approachSampling of air gap field solution data allows for a Fourier decomposition of magnetic forces and flux densities. A two‐dimensional convolution gives insight into the spectral decomposition of forces responsible for acoustic noise, vibration and higher torque harmonics.FindingsThe proposed approach seems especially suitable for synchronous machine models. The influence of magnetic circuit design parameters that are difficult to calculate analytically on the harmonic air gap content can be analyzed and the spectral force decomposition illustrated by means of space vectors.Originality/valueThe approach is generalized to the convolution and analysis of arbitrarily sampled two‐dimensional data in this paper.
Evaluation of a quasi‐coaxial printed circuit board transformer
Authors: Pentz D.C. , Hofsajer I.W. 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of utilizing printed circuit board (pcb) technology to manufacture coaxial transformers and to increase the predictability, accuracy and repeatability of the transformers leakage inductance.Design/methodology/approachThe geometry of a coaxial transformer is approximated using pcb techniques. Several different geometries are presented with the outer coaxial conductor being approximated by discrete conductors varying from four to 36 in number. Finite element methods as well as experimental results are used to support the proposed ideas. A planar transformer is also analyzed in the same way to emphasize the design advantages offered by the proposed quasi‐coaxial transformer.FindingsThe proposed multi‐conductor structures can be applied as co‐axial transformers. The experimental values obtained for the leakage inductance of the coaxial structures correspond well to the predicted values. This is not the case for conventional planar structure where adjustments need to be made in the finite element analysis simulations to accommodate the shortcomings of the analytical calculations.Originality/valueIn applications where the prediction of the leakage inductance of a transformer is important, this method may be applied and has the advantage of conventional pcb manufacture techniques.