bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Flora of the British Isles: Rosa spinosissima L.
Authors: Mayland‐Quellhorst Eike , Föller Jens , Wissemann Volker 
Published: February 2012

Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Rosa spinosissima L. (R. pimpinellifolia L.) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation.2. Rosa spinosissima is a small, deciduous shrub forming clonal patches from root suckers. In Britain it is common on stabilized coastal dunes, more or less base‐rich heaths, and on open, dry habitats on chalk or limestone inland. It is naturally distributed across temperate Europe and western and central Asia.3. The small leaves and leaflets, in combination with many straight or slightly curved bristles and prickles, and the black hips, make R. spinosissima easily recognizable in Britain. It normally does not exceed 10–40 cm but cultivars often grow taller.4. The seeds are dispersed by birds and other animals, particularly as the hips are a favoured diet of birds, because of the high vitamin and anthocyanin content. Vegetative spread is frequent through the root suckers.5. Cultivars are commonly planted for amenity and in gardens. The origin of the cultivars is not known, but genetic exchange of these with natural British populations may lead to introgression with genotypes which are not locally adapted. The invasive Rosa rugosa may be a threat in some coastal habitats as this species is displacing R. spinosissima on the German North Sea coast.
Bacterial host interaction of GFP‐labelled Vibrio anguillarum HI‐610 with gnotobiotic sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), larvae
Authors: Rekecki A , Gunasekara R A Y S A , Dierckens K , Laureau S , Boon N , Favoreel H , Cornelissen M , Sorgeloos P , Ducatelle R , Bossier P , Van den Broeck W 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe location and cell damage caused by Vibrio anguillarum, the causative agent of classical vibriosis, within the developing gut of the newly hatched sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), is unknown. A gnotobiotic sea bass model was used to investigate the early interactions of V. anguillarum with sea bass larvae. In the present study, germ‐free sea bass larvae were orally exposed to a V. anguillarum HI‐610 pathogen labelled with the green fluorescent protein (GFP‐HI‐610) and sampled at regular intervals. Pathogenic colonization of gut enterocytes was observed 2 h post‐exposure (p.e.) and onwards, whereas bacteria within the swim bladder were visualized 48 h p.e and onwards. Ultrastructural findings demonstrated direct bacterial contact with the host cell in the oesophageal mucosa and putative attachment to microvilli of mid‐ and hindgut enterocytes. The present findings form a starting point for studies assessing the impact of potential candidates (probiotics, prebiotics, antimicrobial peptides) to mitigate bacterial virulence.
Innate immune dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Gersemann M. , Wehkamp J. , Stange E. F. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract.  Gersemann M, Wehkamp J, Stange EF (Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart; Dr. Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Germany). Innate immune dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease (Review). J Intern Med 2012; 271: 421–428.The pathogenetic mechanisms that cause the two types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are still under investigation. Nevertheless, there is broad agreement that luminal microbes are of particular relevance in the development of these conditions. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that defects in the innate immunity are at the centre of both types of IBD. The innate intestinal barrier is provided by the epithelium which secretes antimicrobial peptides (so‐called defensins) that are retained in the mucus layer. In ileal CD, the alpha‐defensins are lacking owing to several Paneth cell defects. In colonic CD, the expression of beta‐defensins is inadequate. This may be related to downregulation of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma and in some cohorts is associated with a reduced HBD2 gene copy number. In UC, the mucus layer, which protects the host from the enormous amounts of luminal microbes, is defective. This is accompanied by an insufficient differentiation from intestinal stem cells towards goblet cells. All these disturbances in the gut barrier shift the balance from epithelial defence towards bacterial offence. The current treatment for CD and UC is based on suppression of this secondary inflammatory process. In future, patients may benefit from new therapeutic approaches stimulating the protective innate immune system.
The COP9 signalosome counteracts the accumulation of cullin SCF ubiquitin E3 RING ligases during fungal development
Authors: von Zeska Kress Marcia Regina , Harting Rebekka , Bayram Özgür , Christmann Martin , Irmer Henriette , Valerius Oliver , Schinke Josua , Goldman Gustavo H. , Braus Gerhard H. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryDefects in the COP9 signalosome (CSN) impair multicellular development, including embryonic plant or animal death or a block in sexual development of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans. CSN deneddylates cullin‐RING ligases (CRLs), which are activated by covalent linkage to ubiquitin‐like NEDD8. Deneddylation allows CRL disassembly for subsequent reassembly. An attractive hypothesis is a consecutive order of CRLs for development, which demands repeated cycles of neddylation and deneddylation for reassembling CRLs. Interruption of these cycles could explain developmental blocks caused by csn mutations. This predicts an accumulation of neddylated CRLs exhibiting developmental functions when CSN is dysfunctional. We tested this hypothesis in A. nidulans, which tolerates reduced levels of neddylation for growth. We show that only genes for CRL subunits or neddylation are essential, whereas CSN is primarily required for development. We used functional tagged NEDD8, recruiting all three fungal cullins. Cullins are associated with the CSN1/CsnA subunit when deneddylation is defective. Two CRLs were identified which are specifically involved in differentiation and accumulate during the developmental block. This suggests that an active CSN complex is required to counteract the accumulation of specific CRLs during development.
Prediction of early hepatic artery thrombosis by intraoperative color Doppler ultrasound in pediatric segmental liver transplantation
Authors: Gu Li H. , Fang Hua , Li Feng H. , Li Ping , Zhu Cai X. , Zhu Jian J. , Zhang Shi J. 
Published: February 2012

Gu LH, Fang H, Li FH, Li P, Zhu CX, Zhu JJ, Zhang SJ. Prediction of early hepatic artery thrombosis by intraoperative color Doppler ultrasound in pediatric segmental liver transplantation.Abstract:  Early hepatic artery thrombosis (eHAT) after transplantation is associated with a high incidence of graft failure and mortality in pediatric segmental liver transplantation (LT). The evaluation of intraoperative color Doppler ultrasound (CD‐US) parameters and their sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of eHAT were important. Pediatric segmental LTs were performed in 49 consecutive patients from October 2006 to December 2010 in our hospital. A total of seven patients (14.3%) experienced eHAT (within one month) after LT. The intraoperative hepatic artery (HA) diameter (p = 0.026), hepatic arterial peak systolic velocity (HAPSV) (p = 0.006), and hepatic artery resistance index (HARI) (p = 0.000) had significant difference between eHAT group and non‐eHAT group. Taking a HA diameter <2 mm, a HAPSV of <40 cm/s and a HARI of <0.6 as threshold to predict eHAT, the sensitivity and specificity were 85.7%, 85.7%, 85.7%, and 61.9%, 76.2%, 88.1%, respectively. A HARI of <0.6 was shown to be the most sensitive and specific single parameter for predicting eHAT.
Health‐related quality of life in bipolar disorder
Authors: IsHak Waguih William , Brown Kimberly , Aye San San , Kahloon Maria , Mobaraki Shakiba , Hanna Rose 
Published: February 2012

IsHak WW, Brown K, Aye SS, Kahloon M, Mobaraki S, Hanna R. Health‐related quality of life in bipolar disorder.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 6–18. © 2012 The Authors.  Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) refers to an individual’s overall sense of wellbeing, and subjective physical, psychological, and social functioning. HRQOL is significantly affected in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), a chronic affective disorder characterized by mood fluctuations, sleep and cognitive impairment, and impact on inter‐personal relationships, all of which contribute to HRQOL impairment. This article reviews the relevant literature on the potential causes and magnitude of HRQOL impairment in BD and role of treatment interventions in restoring HRQOL in this patient population.Methods:  A systematic database search was conducted using Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PsycINFO from 1959 to 2010 with the key words: bipolar disorder, mania, quality of life, and wellbeing health‐related quality of life. A total of 52 studies were initially identified, leading to the selection of 30 studies that focused on measurement of quality of life in adult population.Results:  While there is no one standard assessment of HRQOL, most measures incorporate a broad range of questions regarding the patient’s own valuation of their physical, psychological, and social wellbeing. Three main findings are highlighted: (i) BD results in impairment of HRQOL compared to healthy individuals and variable negative impact as compared to other chronic psychiatric and medical conditions; (ii) comorbidities of BD have a further multi‐factorial negative impact on HRQOL; and (iii) various pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatment modalities have a positive or equivocal effect on HRQOL in BD.Conclusions:  HRQOL is significantly adversely affected in BD patients. Additionally, the presence of comorbid conditions highly prevalent in BD further decreases HRQOL for these patients. In spite of these factors, this review offers renewed hope as several treatment regimens correlate with higher post‐intervention HRQOL scores.
Early antidepressant effect of memantine during augmentation of lamotrigine inadequate response in bipolar depression: a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Anand Amit , Gunn Abigail D , Barkay Gavriel , Karne Harish S , Nurnberger John I , Mathew Sanjay J , Ghosh Samiran 
Published: February 2012

Anand A, Gunn AD, Barkay G, Karne HS, Nurnberger JI, Mathew SJ, Ghosh S. Early antidepressant effect of memantine during augmentation of lamotrigine inadequate response in bipolar depression: a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 64–70. © 2012 The Authors.  Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Background:  Recent studies indicate that modulation of glutamate neurotransmission is associated with antidepressant response. Lamotrigine, an anticonvulsant which decreases presynaptic glutamate release, has been shown to be effective in the depressive phase of bipolar disorder (BD‐D); however, only 40–50% of patients have a full response. This pilot study investigated whether memantine, a low‐affinity N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist approved for Alzheimer’s disease, can augment the effects of lamotrigine.Methods:  BD‐D outpatients in a major depressive episode on a stable dose of lamotrigine (100 mg or more) were randomized to either memantine (starting dose of 5 mg increased up to 20 mg over four weeks, then 20 mg stable dose from four to eight weeks) or matching pill placebo for eight weeks. Patients were rated on the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and other behavioral measures weekly.Results:  The eight‐week repeated‐measures mixed‐effect model for HDRS was not significant for memantine (n = 14) versus placebo (n = 15). Exploratory mixed‐effect analyses for the first four weeks, while the memantine dose was being titrated up every week, revealed a significant decrease in HDRS scores from baseline (p = 0.007).Conclusion:  This proof‐of‐concept study failed to show a statistically significant benefit of memantine augmentation of lamotrigine for patients with BD‐D over eight weeks. However, memantine had an antidepressant effect early on in the treatment while its dose was being titrated up. Larger placebo‐controlled studies are needed to ascertain optimal timing and dosing for memantine augmentation of lamotrigine in BD‐D.
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of acamprosate in alcohol‐dependent individuals with bipolar disorder: a preliminary report
Authors: Tolliver Bryan K , DeSantis Stacia M , Brown Delisa G , Prisciandaro James J , Brady Kathleen T 
Published: February 2012

Tolliver BK, DeSantis SM, Brown DG, Prisciandaro JJ, Brady KT. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of acamprosate in alcohol‐dependent individuals with bipolar disorder: a preliminary report. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 54–63. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Background:  Alcohol use disorders commonly co‐occur with bipolar disorder and are associated with a more severe course of bipolar illness, yet treatment research in this important clinical population is scarce. The current study assessed the effects of acamprosate on alcohol use and mood symptoms in subjects with co‐occurring bipolar disorder and active alcohol dependence.Methods:  Thirty‐three adults meeting criteria for bipolar I or bipolar II disorder and current alcohol dependence were randomized to receive add‐on acamprosate (1998 mg/day) or placebo while concurrently maintained on mood stabilizing medications. Participants were assessed weekly for frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption and general clinical severity for eight weeks. Depressive symptoms, manic symptoms, and alcohol craving were assessed biweekly. Biomarkers of alcohol use were assessed at study baseline and endpoint.Results:  Of the 33 subjects randomized, 23 (69.7%) completed all active phase visits. Over the trial as a whole, no statistically significant treatment differences were detected in drinking outcomes. Post‐hoc analysis revealed lower Clinical Global Impression scores of substance use severity in acamprosate‐treated participants in weeks 7–8 of the trial. No significant differences in depressive symptoms, manic symptoms, or adverse events were observed between groups.Conclusions:  Acamprosate was well‐tolerated, with no worsening of depressive or manic symptoms, and appeared to confer some clinical benefit in study completers in the last two weeks of the trial. Larger studies of longer duration are required to fully explore the utility of acamprosate in this population.
Aripiprazole in combination with lamotrigine for the long‐term treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder (manic or mixed): a randomized, multicenter, double‐blind study (CN138‐392)
Authors: Carlson Berit X , Ketter Terence A , Sun Wei , Timko Karen , McQuade Robert D , Sanchez Raymond , Vester‐Blokland Estelle , Marcus Ronald 
Published: February 2012

Carlson BX, Ketter TA, Sun W, Timko K, McQuade RD, Sanchez R, Vester‐Blokland E, Marcus R. Aripiprazole in combination with lamotrigine for the long‐term treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder (manic or mixed): a randomized, multicenter, double‐blind study (CN138‐392). Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 41–53. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole (ARI) plus lamotrigine (LTG) compared with placebo (PBO) plus LTG, for long‐term treatment in bipolar I disorder patients with a recent manic/mixed episode.Methods:  After a 9–24 week stabilization phase receiving single‐blind ARI (10–30 mg/day) plus open‐label LTG (100 or 200 mg/day), patients maintaining stability (Young Mania Rating Scale/Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale total scores ≤ 12) with ARI + LTG for eight consecutive weeks were randomized to continue on double‐blind ARI + LTG or to receive PBO + LTG, after removing ARI from ARI + LTG treatment, and followed up for 52 weeks. The primary outcome measure was time from randomization to relapse into a manic/mixed episode.Results:  A total of 787 patients entered the stabilization phase, and 351 were randomized to ARI + LTG (n = 178) or PBO + LTG (n = 173). ARI + LTG yielded a numerically longer time to manic/mixed relapse than PBO + LTG, but it was not statistically significant [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30–1.03; p = 0.058]. The estimated relapse rates at Week 52 were 11% for ARI + LTG and 23% for PBO + LTG, yielding a number needed‐to‐treat of nine (95% CI: 5–121). The three most common adverse events were akathisia [10.8%, 6.1% for ARI + LTG and PBO + LTG, respectively; number needed‐to‐harm (NNH) = 22], insomnia (7.4%, 11.5%), and anxiety (7.4%, 3.6%). Mean weight change was 0.43 kg and −1.81 kg, respectively (last observation carried forward, p = 0.001). Rates of ≥ 7% weight gain with ARI + LTG and PBO + LTG were 11.9% and 3.5%, respectively (NNH = 12).Conclusions:  ARI + LTG delayed the time to manic/mixed relapse but did not reach statistical significance. Safety and tolerability results revealed no unexpected adverse events for ARI combination with LTG.
Cigarette smoking and its relationship to mood disorder symptoms and co‐occurring alcohol and cannabis use disorders following first hospitalization for bipolar disorder
Authors: Heffner Jaimee L , DelBello Melissa P , Anthenelli Robert M , Fleck David E , Adler Caleb M , Strakowski Stephen M 
Published: February 2012

Heffner JL, DelBello MP, Anthenelli RM, Fleck DE, Adler CM, Strakowski SM. Cigarette smoking and its relationship to mood disorder symptoms and co‐occurring alcohol and cannabis use disorders following first hospitalization for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 99–108. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent among individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and may adversely affect symptoms of the disorder, as well as the co‐occurrence of other substance use disorders. However, anecdotal reports suggesting that smoking cessation caused a worsening of mood in smokers with BD have raised concerns about quitting. In the present study, we prospectively evaluated the course of BD, alcohol use disorders, and cannabis use disorders in relation to smoking and examined the relationship between smoking abstinence and changes in mood.Methods:  Participants (N = 161) were adolescents (n = 80) and adults (n = 81) with bipolar I disorder who were hospitalized for their initial mixed or manic episode. Participants were followed up to eight years post‐hospitalization (median follow‐up = 122 weeks) as part of a naturalistic, observational study of the longitudinal course of BD and substance use.Results:  The course of BD symptoms in the 12 months following index hospitalization did not differ by smoking status in either the adolescent or the adult subsample. Among adolescents, smoking was associated with an increased risk of having a cannabis or alcohol use disorder, almost all of which were new‐onset disorders, in the year following first hospitalization. Neither adolescents nor adults who were abstinent from smoking for at least two months experienced significant increases in depressive or manic symptoms.Conclusions:  Although cigarette smoking did not predict a worse course of BD, smoking was associated with an increased risk of developing alcohol and cannabis use disorders in adolescents with BD. Importantly, these data provide no evidence to suggest that abstinence from smoking is associated with worsening symptoms of depression or mania in the short term.
Individual Variation in Male Size and Behavioral Repertoire in the Sailfin Molly Poecilia latipinna
Authors: Seda Jennifer B. , Childress Michael J. , Ptacek Margaret B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractVariation among individuals in the expression of behaviors and associations of behaviors in different contexts can lead to the maintenance of behavioral polymorphisms. Individual variation in morphology is often associated with behavioral polymorphism, yet the degree to which morphology predicts behavioral phenotype is not well understood. We measured individual variation in size and behaviors in the sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna, by comparing the behavior of individual males of different sizes across four different contexts (mating, exploratory tendency, sociability, and predator inspection). We also investigated the degree to which male size, a fixed genetic trait, influenced the expression of each behavior and associations between behaviors. We found that male mollies show strong associations between certain behaviors and only some of these are predicted by male size. For example, size has a strong influence on the courtship‐boldness axis with larger males showing higher rates of courtship displays and being bolder in predator inspection. A positive association was found between exploratory tendency, sociability, and gonopodial thrusting rates, yet the expression of these behaviors was independent of male size. Thus, sailfin mollies, like many fish species, show associations of behaviors that contribute to differences among males in personality type. The fixed genetic effect of male size at maturity influences courtship and boldness, but individual variation in exploratory tendency, sociability, and sneak copulation attempts through gonopodial thrusts is independent of male size. Such variation among males in behavioral associations within and between different contexts may slow the rate at which populations of P. latipinna can diverge in individual behaviors.
Scaled correlation analysis: a better way to compute a cross‐correlogram
Authors: Nikolić Danko , Mureşan Raul C. , Feng Weijia , Singer Wolf 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWhen computing a cross‐correlation histogram, slower signal components can hinder the detection of faster components, which are often in the research focus. For example, precise neuronal synchronization often co‐occurs with slow co‐variation in neuronal rate responses. Here we present a method – dubbed scaled correlation analysis – that enables the isolation of the cross‐correlation histogram of fast signal components. The method computes correlations only on small temporal scales (i.e. on short segments of signals such as 25 ms), resulting in the removal of correlation components slower than those defined by the scale. Scaled correlation analysis has several advantages over traditional filtering approaches based on computations in the frequency domain. Among its other applications, as we show on data from cat visual cortex, the method can assist the studies of precise neuronal synchronization.