bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covariant phase space analysis of Lanczos-Lovelock gravity with boundaries
Authors: Neri Giulio , Liberati Stefano 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This work introduces a novel prescription for the expression of the thermodynamic potentials associated with the couplings of a Lanczos-Lovelock theory. These potentials emerge in theories with multiple couplings, where the ratio between them provide intrinsic length scales that break scale invariance. Our prescription, derived from the covariant phase space formalism, differs from previous approaches by enabling the construction of finite potentials without reference to any background. To do so, we consistently work with finite-size systems with Dirichlet boundary conditions and rigorously take into account boundary and corner terms: including these terms is found to be crucial for relaxing the integrability conditions for phase space quantities that were required in previous works. We apply this prescription to the first law of (extended) thermodynamics for stationary black holes, and derive a version of the Smarr formula that holds for static black holes with arbitrary asymptotic behaviour.
Counterexamples to maximal regularity for operators in divergence form
Authors: Bechtel Sebastian , Mooney Connor , Veraar Mark 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present counterexamples to maximal $$L^p$$

L
p

-regularity for a parabolic PDE. The example is a second-order operator in divergence form with space and time-dependent coefficients. It is well-known from Lions’ theory that such operators admit maximal $$L^2$$

L
2

-regularity on $$H^{-1}$$

H

-
1

under a coercivity condition on the coefficients, and without any regularity conditions in time and space. We show that in general one cannot expect maximal $$L^p$$

L
p

-regularity on $$H^{-1}(\mathbb {R}^d)$$

H

-
1

(

R

d

)

or $$L^2$$

L
2

-regularity on $$L^2(\mathbb {R}^d)$$

L
2

(

R

d

)

.
Semidefinite games
Authors: Ickstadt Constantin , Theobald Thorsten , Tsigaridas Elias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe introduce and study the class of semidefinite games, which generalizes bimatrix games and finite N-person games, by replacing the simplex of the mixed strategies for each player by a slice of the positive semidefinite cone in the space of real symmetric matrices. For semidefinite two-player zero-sum games, we show that the optimal strategies can be computed by semidefinite programming. Furthermore, we show that two-player semidefinite zero-sum games are almost equivalent to semidefinite programming, generalizing Dantzig’s result on the almost equivalence of bimatrix games and linear programming. For general two-player semidefinite games, we prove a spectrahedral characterization of the Nash equilibria. Moreover, we give constructions of semidefinite games with many Nash equilibria. In particular, we give a construction of semidefinite games whose number of connected components of Nash equilibria exceeds the long standing best known construction for many Nash equilibria in bimatrix games, which was presented by von Stengel in 1999.
Lessons learned in application driven imaging agent design for image-guided surgery
Authors: Buckle Tessa , Rietbergen Daphne D. D. , de Wit -van der Veen Linda , Schottelius Margret 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo meet the growing demand for intraoperative molecular imaging, the development of compatible imaging agents plays a crucial role. Given the unique requirements of surgical applications compared to diagnostics and therapy, maximizing translational potential necessitates distinctive imaging agent designs. For effective surgical guidance, exogenous signatures are essential and are achievable through a diverse range of imaging labels such as (radio)isotopes, fluorescent dyes, or combinations thereof. To achieve optimal in vivo utility a balanced molecular design of the tracer as a whole is required, which ensures a harmonious effect of the imaging label with the affinity and specificity (e.g., pharmacokinetics) of a pharmacophore/targeting moiety. This review outlines common design strategies and the effects of refinements in the molecular imaging agent design on the agent’s pharmacological profile. This includes the optimization of affinity, pharmacokinetics (including serum binding and target mediated background), biological clearance route, the achievable signal intensity, and the effect of dosing hereon.
Acetabular coverage exerts minimal influence on femoral head collapse and the necessity for surgical intervention in patients with osteonecrosis of femoral head
Authors: Kuriyama Yasuaki , Tanaka Hidetatsu , Baba Kazuyoshi , Kanabuchi Ryuichi , Mori Yu , Aizawa Toshimi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The acetabular coverage in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) affects the need for surgical intervention, and the collapse of the femoral head remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relation between the acetabular coverage and the need for surgical treatment and femoral head collapse.

Methods
The study included 158 patients with 252 hips with glucocorticoid administration and idiopathic ONHF without osteoarthritis changes. The mean age at the first visit was 45.2 years, and the mean follow-up period was 92.2 months. All ONFH hips were subsequently divided into two groups: those needing surgical intervention and those without surgery. Additionally, it divided 167 initially non-collapsed hips into those that either later collapsed or not. Radiographic parameters with the centre-edge angle, acetabular roof obliquity, sharp angle, and necrotic location, following the guidelines of the Japanese Investigation Committee, were evaluated.

Results
There were no significant differences in radiographic parameters between the 106 hips that underwent surgery and the 146 hips without surgery. Among the 167 hips without initial collapse, 91 eventually collapsed while 76 did not; their radiographic findings have no significant differences. The necrotic locations were significantly larger in hips requiring surgical intervention or femoral head collapse. Furthermore, 21.8% (55 out of 252 hips) had acetabular dysplasia, which did not significantly correlate with the necessity for surgical treatment or the incidence of femoral head collapse.

Conclusions
Acetabular coverage has little effect on the necessity for surgical treatment and femoral head collapse in ONFH patients over a long-term follow-up.
Communicative competence of generative artificial intelligence in responding to patient queries about colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Jo Min Hyeong , Kim Min-Jun , Oh Heung-Kwon , Choi Mi Jeong , Shin Hye-Rim , Lee Tae-Gyun , Ahn Hong-min , Kim Duck-Woo , Kang Sung-Bum 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the ability of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) to answer patients’ questions regarding colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods
Ten clinically relevant questions about CRC were selected from top-rated hospitals’ websites and patient surveys and presented to three GAI tools (Chatbot Generative Pre-Trained Transformer [GPT-4], Google Bard, and CLOVA X). Their responses were compared with answers from the CRC information book. Response evaluation was performed by two groups, each consisting of five healthcare professionals (HCP) and patients. Each question was scored on a 1–5 Likert scale based on four evaluation criteria (maximum score, 20 points/question).

Results
In an analysis including only HCPs, the information book scored 11.8 ± 1.2, GPT-4 scored 13.5 ± 1.1, Google Bard scored 11.5 ± 0.7, and CLOVA X scored 12.2 ± 1.4 (P = 0.001). The score of GPT-4 was significantly higher than those of the information book (P = 0.020) and Google Bard (P = 0.001). In an analysis including only patients, the information book scored 14.1 ± 1.4, GPT-4 scored 15.2 ± 1.8, Google Bard scored 15.5 ± 1.8, and CLOVA X scored 14.4 ± 1.8, without significant differences (P = 0.234). When both groups of evaluators were included, the information book scored 13.0 ± 0.9, GPT-4 scored 14.4 ± 1.2, Google Bard scored 13.5 ± 1.0, and CLOVA X scored 13.3 ± 1.5 (P = 0.070).

Conclusion
The three GAIs demonstrated similar or better communicative competence than the information book regarding questions related to CRC surgery in Korean. If high-quality medical information provided by GAI is supervised properly by HCPs and published as an information book, it could be helpful for patients to obtain accurate information and make informed decisions.
Bariatric surgery: trends in utilization, complications, conversions and revisions
Authors: Hsu Justin L. , Ismail Sherin , Hodges Maggie M. , Agala Chris B. , Farrell Timothy M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) increased in popularity after 2010 but recent data suggest it has concerning rates of gastroesophageal reflux and need for conversions. This study aims to evaluate recent trends in the utilization of bariatric procedures, associated complications, and conversions using an administrative claims database in the United States.

Methods
We included adults who had bariatric procedures from 2000 to 2020 with continuous enrollment for at least 6 months in the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database. Index bariatric procedures and subsequent revisions or conversions were identified using CPT codes. Baseline comorbidities and postoperative complications were identified with ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 codes. Cumulative incidences of complications were estimated at 30-days, 6-months, and 1-year and compared with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighted Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results
We identified 349,411 bariatric procedures and 5521 conversions or revisions. The sampled SG volume appeared to begin declining in 2018 while Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) remained steady. Compared to RYGB, SG was associated with lower 1-year incidence [aHR, (95% CIs)] for 30-days readmission [0.65, (0.64–0.68)], dehydration [0.75, (0.73–0.78)], nausea or vomiting [0.70, (0.69–0.72)], dysphagia [0.55, (0.53–0.57)], and gastrointestinal hemorrhage [0.43, (0.40–0.46)]. Compared to RYGB, SG was associated with higher 1-year incidence [aHR, (95% CIs)] of esophagogastroduodenoscopy [1.13, (1.11–1.15)], heartburn [1.38, (1.28–1.49)], gastritis [4.28, (4.14–4.44)], portal vein thrombosis [3.93, (2.82–5.48)], and hernias of all types [1.36, (1.34–1.39)]. There were more conversions from SG to RYGB than re-sleeving procedures. SG had a significantly lower 1-year incidence of other non-revisional surgical interventions when compared to RYGB.

Conclusions
The overall volume of bariatric procedures within the claims database appeared to be declining over the last 10 years. The decreasing proportion of SG and the increasing proportion of RYGB suggest the specific complications of SG may be driving this trend. Clearly, RYGB should remain an important tool in the bariatric surgeon’s armamentarium.
Harnessing the power of probiotic strains in functional foods: nutritive, therapeutic, and next-generation challenges
Authors: Anwer Muneera , Wei Ming Q. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFunctional foods have become an essential element of the diet in developed nations, due to their health benefits and nutritive values. Such food products are only called functional if they, “In addition to basic nutrition, have valuable effects on one or multiple functions of the human body, thereby enhancing general and physical conditions and/or reducing the risk of disease progression”. Functional foods are currently one of the most extensively researched areas in the food and nutrition sciences. They are fortified and improved food products. Presently, probiotics are regarded as the most significant and commonly used functional food product. Diverse probiotic food products and supplements are used according to the evidence that supports their strength, functionality, and recommended dosage. This review provides an overview of the current functional food market, with a particular focus on probiotic microorganisms as pivotal functional ingredients. It offers insights into current research endeavors and outlines potential future directions in the field.
A slope generalization of Attouch theorem
Authors: Daniilidis Aris , Salas David , Tapia-García Sebastián 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA classical result of variational analysis, known as Attouch theorem, establishes an equivalence between epigraphical convergence of a sequence of proper convex lower semicontinuous functions and graphical convergence of the corresponding subdifferential maps up to a normalization condition which fixes the integration constant. In this work, we show that in finite dimensions and under a mild boundedness assumption, we can replace subdifferentials (sets of vectors) by slopes (scalars, corresponding to the distance of the subdifferentials to zero) and still obtain the same characterization: namely, the epigraphical convergence of functions is equivalent to the epigraphical convergence of their slopes. This surprising result goes in line with recent developments on slope determination (Boulmezaoud et al. in SIAM J Optim 28(3):2049–2066, 2018; Pérez-Aros et al. in Math Program 190(1–2):561-583, 2021) and slope sensitivity (Daniilidis and Drusvyatskiy in Proc Am Math Soc 151(11):4751-4756, 2023) for convex functions.
Role of chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCR3 in the serum and minor salivary gland tissues of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Kim Ji-Won , Ahn Mi-Hyun , Jung Ju-Yang , Suh Chang-Hee , Han Jae Ho , Kim Hyoun-Ah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the serum and expression levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXC receptor 3 (CXCR3) in minor salivary glands (MSGs) of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), and to explore their correlations with clinical parameters. Serum samples from 49 patients diagnosed with pSS, 33 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were collected for measurements of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCR3. Additionally, CXCL levels in the MSG tissues were measured in 41 patients who underwent MSG biopsy. Correlations between CXCL and CXCL/CXCR levels in serum/MSG tissues and clinical factors/salivary scintigraphy parameters were analyzed. Serum CXCL11 and CXCR3 showed statistically significant differences among patients with pSS and RA and HCs (serum CXCL11, pSS:RA:HC = 235.6 ± 500.1 pg/mL:90.0 ± 200.3 pg/mL:45.9 ± 53.6 pg/mL; p = 0.041, serum CXCR3, pSS:RA:HC = 3.27 ± 1.32 ng/mL:3.29 ± 1.17 ng/mL:2.00 ± 1.12 ng/mL; p < 0.001). Serum CXCL10 showed a statistically significant difference between pSS (64.5 ± 54.2 pg/mL) and HCs (18.6 ± 18.1 pg/mL, p < 0.001), while serum CXCL9 did not exhibit a significant difference among the groups. Correlation analysis of clinical factors revealed that serum CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.524, p < 0.001 and r = 0.707, p < 0.001, respectively), total protein (r = 0.375, p = 0.008 and r = 0.535, p < 0.001, respectively), globulin (r = 0.539, p < 0.001 and r = 0.639, p < 0.001, respectively), and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology SS Disease Activity Index (r = 0.305, p = 0.033 and r = 0.321, p = 0.025). Additionally, serum CXCL10 negatively correlated with the Schirmer test score (r = − 0.354, p = 0.05), while serum CXCL11 positively correlated with the biopsy focus score (r = 0.612, p = 0.02). In the MSG tissue, the percentage of infiltrating CXCL9-positive cells was highest (75.5%), followed by CXCL10 (29.1%) and CXCL11 (27.9%). In the correlation analysis, CXCL11-expressing cells were inversely related to the mean washout percentage on salivary gland scintigraphy (r =  − 0.448, p = 0.007). Our study highlights distinct serum and tissue chemokine patterns in pSS, emphasizing CXCL9’s potential for early diagnosis. This suggests that CXCL10 and CXCL11 are indicators of disease progression, warranting further investigation into their roles in autoimmune disorders beyond pSS.
Oral bioaccessibility of potentially toxic elements in various urban environmental media
Authors: Gaberšek Martin , Gosar Mateja 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn important aspect of geochemical studies is determining health hazard of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Key information on PTEs behaviour in the human body in case of their ingestion is provided with the use of in vitro bioaccessibility tests. We analysed and compared oral bioaccessibility of a wide range of PTEs (As, Cd, Ce, Cr, Cu, Hg, La, Li, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Zn), including some that are not often studied but might pose a human health hazard, in soil, attic dust, street dust, and household dust, using Unified BARGE Method (UBM). Additionally, feasibility of usage of scanning electron microscope techniques in analyses of solid residuals of UBM phases was tested. Results show that bioaccessible fractions (BAFs) of PTEs vary significantly between individual samples of the same medium, between different media and between the gastric and gastro-intestinal phases. In soil, attic dust and street dust, bioaccessibility of individual PTE is mostly higher in gastric than in gastro-intestinal phase. The opposite is true for PTEs in household dust. In all four media, with the exception of Pb in household dust, among the most bioaccessible PTEs in gastric phase are Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. During the transition from the stomach to small intestine, the mean BAFs of most elements in soil, attic dust, and street dust decreases. The most bioaccessible PTEs in gastro-intestinal phase are Cu, Cd, Ni, and As. Micromorphological and chemical characterisation at individual particle level before and after bioaccessibility test contribute significantly to the understanding of oral bioaccessibility.
Toxic effects of bisphenol analogues and their mixture on two freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris and Desmodesmus armatus
Authors: Czarny-Krzymińska Karolina , Krawczyk Barbara , Szczukocki Dominik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is an emerging organic compound used in the production of epoxy resin, polycarbonate plastics and thermal paper. Following the restrictions on the use of bisphenol A, many substitutes have been produced as its replacement in several consumer products. The main task of this research was to examine the toxic effects of single bisphenol analogues and their mixtures against freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Desmodesmus armatus. The findings suggest that bisphenol B, bisphenol C, bisphenol PH (EC50 (14 day): 33.32-43.32 mg L-1) and bisphenol B, bisphenol C, bisphenol FL, bisphenol PH (EC50 (14 day): 30.49-64.54 mg L-1) show strong toxic effects towards C. vulgaris and D. armatus, respectively. In turn, the research results indicate that the toxicity of a mixture of examined bisphenol analogs on both species of green algae is much higher (EC50 (14 day): 24.55-32.68 mg L-1) than the individual toxicity of each component of the mixture. Therefore, it can be concluded that mixtures lead to the occurrence of synergistic effects. The toxicity of the individual bisphenol analogues and their mixture by EC50 (14 day) values in descending order, was as follows: mixture>bisphenol PH> bisphenol B> bisphenol C> bisphenol FL> bisphenol F> bisphenol E for C. vulgaris and bisphenol B> mixture> bisphenol FL> bisphenol C> bisphenol PH> bisphenol E> bisphenol F for D. armatus, respectively. Moreover, the present research expands current knowledge of the ecotoxicological risks of bisphenol analogues to aquatic organisms.
In vitro cytocompatibility of triclosan coated Polyglactin910 sutures
Authors: Ji Hongrui , Zhang Zhiruo , Wang Chao , Li Xuewen , Zhang Guiling , Liu Danqing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBioabsorbable sutures can improve the medical functions of existing non-absorbable sutures, and may produce new medical effects, and are expected to become a new generation of medical degradable materials. In this study, the cytocompatibility of triclosan coated polyglactin910 sutures (CTS-PLGA910) was analyzed and different concentrations of sutures were prepared. The effects of sutures on the cytotoxicity and cell proliferation of HUVEC were studied by CCK-8 assay. The hemolysis, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity and nitric oxide (NO) content were investigated to improve the blood compatibility of sutures. The results showed that the hemolysis rate of CTS-PLGA910 was less than 5%. After treatment on HUVEC cells for 48 and 72 h, there was no significant change in NO content in CTS-PLGA910 groups compared with the control group, while T-AOC activity and antioxidant capacity were significantly increased in medium and high dose groups. In summary, the blood compatibility and cell compatibility were significantly improved, which provided a basis for the clinical application of sutures in the future.
Graphical Abstract
Stochastic optimization problems with nonlinear dependence on a probability measure via the Wasserstein metric
Authors: Kaňková Vlasta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNonlinear dependence on a probability measure has recently been encountered with increasing intensity in stochastic optimization. This type of dependence corresponds to many situations in applications; it can appear in problems static (one-stage), dynamic with finite (multi-stage) or infinite horizon, and single- and multi-objective ones. Moreover, the nonlinear dependence can appear not only in the objective functions but also in the constraint sets. In this paper, we will consider static one-objective problems in which the nonlinear dependence appears in the objective function and may also appear in the constraint sets. In detail, we consider “deterministic” constraint sets, whose dependence on the probability measure is nonlinear, constraint sets determined by second-order stochastic dominance, and sets given by mean-risk problems. The last mentioned instance means that the constraint set corresponds to solutions which guarantee acceptable values of both criteria. To obtain relevant assertions, we employ the stability results given by the Wasserstein metric, based on the $$ {{\mathcal {L}}}_{1} $$

L
1

norm. We mainly focus on the case in which a solution has to be obtained on the basis of the data and of investigating a relationship between the original problem and its empirical version.