bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Note on Paranthrene tabaniformis Rott., a Moth New to North America (Lepidoptera: Aegeriidae)
Authors: Morris Ray F. 
Published: January 2010

In July, 1952, at Mount Pearl, Newfoundland, larvae were found boring into the trunk of an injured balsam poplar, Populus balsamifera L. In June, 1953, six moths emerged from sections of the injured trunk placed in a cage in an insectary.Dr. T. N. Freeman (in litt.), Entomology Division, Ottawa, who determined the moth as Pyranthrene tabaniformis Rott. (vespiformis Westwood), stated that this was probably the first record of this European species in North America. This was confirmed by Mr. Kelvin Dorward (in litt.), Economic Insect Survey Section, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
Chemical Control of the Pine Needle Scale, Phenacaspis pinifoliae (Fitch) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), in British Columbia
Authors: Proverbs M. D. 
Published: January 2010

During the past few years the pine needle scale, Phenacaspis pinifoliae (Fitch), has severely injured ponderosa pine, Engelmann spruce, and other evergreens in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia. The home owner is most concerned because this insect is capable of ruining the appearance of evergreens on his property. Infestations may be severe on trees growing in submarginal forest areas.Field experiments were conducted in the South Okanagan Valley in 1955 to determine whether lime-sulphur, malathion, or Diazinon (0,0-diethyl-0-[2-isopropyl-4-methyl-pyrimidyl (6)] thiophosphate) would control the scale on ponderosa pine trees.
Colorimetry of Shiny Biological Specimens
Authors: Middleton W. E. K. , Wyszecki G. W. 
Published: January 2010

Professor John Stanley of McGill University recently asked the National Research Council for assistance in specifying the colors of flour beetles (Tribolium). These insem are small (3 or 4 mm. long), rounded, dark, and shiny, and therefore present a somewhat unusual colorimetric problem. It is felt that the solution of this problem may be of some general interest.The small size of the specimens seemed to preclude physical methods of colorimetry. It was felt that the most likely visual method would be direct comparison with Munsell papers or other standard colored surfaces. The difficulty with this was the very different appearance of the smooth, flat paper and the shiny. rounded beetle.
Further Studies on the Mating Range of the Honey Bee,Apis melliferaL.
Authors: Peer D. F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGenetically-marked virgin queen honey bees were located at various distances up to 14.0 miles from an apiary stocked with genetically-marked drones in an area containing only these experimental bees.Some matings occurred across distances up to 10.1 miles. With increasing distances from the drone source a decreasing percentage of queens mated successfully. Queens located at the drone source, 3.8 and 6.1 miles distant, began laying at approximately the same time. Those located 8.0 miles distant began laying later and those at 10.1 miles later still.
Spray Chamber Insecticide Tests on the Larch Sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.))
Authors: Drooz A. T. 
Published: January 2010

Experimental aerial spraying by Butcher (3), Butcher and Eaton (4) and Peterson (7) has been described; but potency tests of the synthetic organic insecticides against the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), have not been reported.The first screening tests were carried out in 1955 at Cass Lake, Minn., with DDT, chlordane, methoxychlor, benzene hexachloride (BHC) and malathion against larvae of each of the five different instars. High temperatures in the field laboratory killed an inordinately large proportion of the control insects, making interpretation of the test data hazardous. Examination of the data indicated that BHC and malathion were the only promising toxicants. Work was continued by the author at Cass Lake in 1956 with these insecticides as well as with DDT, which has been used frequently against forest defoliators.
Effects of the Food Plant of California Red Scale,Aonidiella aurantii(Mask.) on Reproduction of its Hymenopterous Parasites
Authors: Smith J. Morris 
Published: January 2010

Discrepancies in the degree of biological control of insect pests where the food plant species of the host were the only known variants in the environment have been subjects of scattered observations in the literature by Morgan (1910), Compere (1936), Gilmore (I938), and others.A long period of speculation on the existence of strains of California red scale,Aonidiella aurantii(Mask.) immune to attack by parasites culminated in the discovery by Flanders (1939a, 1942a) that the hymenopterous parasiteHabrolepis rouxicomp. reproduced satisfactorily onA. aurantiionCitrusspp. but that verv few emerged from the same species of scale on sago palm,Cycas revolutaThunb. This was considered to be the reason for Compere's early failure to bring the hymenopterous parasite,Comperiella bifasciataHow, from the Orient to California on scale-infested sago palm; Smith (1942) concluded: “Recognition must be given to the possibility that the host plant may confer on the host insect a kind of immunity to parasitization”.
A New Genus and Species of Microgasterinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)
Authors: Mason W. R. M. 
Published: January 2010

Head transverse, as broad as thorax; eyes prominent, not hairy; occipital carina absent; antennae far apart near top of eyes; upper face (“frons”) very short, nearly horizontal; lower face flattened and broad (Figs. 3, 4); antennae 21- to 23-jointed.Notaulices present, extending almost to centre of mesonotum but remote from one another; prepectal carina absent; mesopleural furrow long and horizontal.
Notes on a Laboratory Infection of Diptera Caused by the Fungus Empusa muscae Cohn
Authors: Baird Ronald B. 
Published: January 2010

The signs of an Empusa muscae Cohn infection in dead flies were described over two centuries ago by de Geer (Kirby and Spence, 1826), who, however, attributed the cause to some factor other than a microorganism. Though the validity of the name Empusa has often been questioned, it is used in this paper following the suggestion by MacLeod (1956).The following account deals with the transmission of E. muscae to species of Diptera under controlled laboratory conditions.
Note on Population Densities of Spiders (Araneae) in Nova Scotia Apple Orchards
Authors: Dondale C. D. 
Published: January 2010

Chant (1956) has shown that spiders are common predators in apple orchards in southeast England. Dondale (1956) listed the species of spiders found in Nova Scotia orchards. This is a note on population densities in the latter orchards from 1953 to 1956.The sampling device used in this study was a cloth-covered, yard-square tray (Lord, 1956), supplemented in a minor way by a collecting umbrella. Each tray or umbrella collection represented the spiders jarred from the lower branches of a single tree, or from the lower branches of half of each of two trees.
The External Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Beech Leaf Tier, Psilocorsis faginella (Chamb) (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), with Notes on Its Biology in Nova Scotia
Authors: Embree D. G. 
Published: January 2010

The beech leaf tier, Psilocorsis faginella (Chamb.) is common on American beech, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., in stands of northern hardwoods throughout Nova Scotia. During the feeding stage, the insect is conspicuous because of its leaf-tying habit (Fig. 1).The literature on P. faginella is mostly taxonomic. Forbes (1923) and Gaighead (1950) mentioned the leaf-tying habit of the larva and the colour of the ultimate instar. Chambers (1872) originally described the adult as Hagno faginella, then placed it in the genus Cryptolechia (1878). The genus was later changed to Psilocorsis (Busck, 1908). Clark (1941) described the adult in more detail and listed Psilocorsis ferruginosa (Zeller) as a synonym.
A Rearing Cabinet with Temperature and Humidity Controls
Authors: MacPhee A. W. , Patterson B. H. 
Published: January 2010

A series of rearing chambers that have given satisfactory control of temperature and humidity have been in use in the entomological laboratory at Kentville during the past three years. The unit requires very little attention except a service check of the cabinets every two or three months.The dimensions are given in Fig. 1 except for the depth, which is 30 inches on the outside. The cabinet is constructed of 3/4-inch plywood without a supporting frame. Trays with perforated steel bottoms are arranged inside the cabinet on adjustable shelf brackets. The cabinet is provided with an upper and a lower door with removable jamb between them that may be removed when installing the trays in the cabinet. The doors are provided with a double glass window, which in turn is covered by a plywood door. A thermostat and a hygrostat are installed on the inside wall of the chamber about one foot from the bottom. The cabinet sets on a 15-inch base as shown in Fig. 1. The cabinet is painted inside with a steam-resistant paint to facilitate cleaning, and is provided with two 15-watt fluorescent lights inside at the top.
The Maple Leaf Cutter,Paraclemensia acerifoliella(Fitch) (Lepidoptera: Incurvariidae), Descriptions of Stages
Authors: Ross D. A. 
Published: January 2010

The following is chiefly a description of taxonomically important features of all stages ofParaclemensia acerifoliella(Fitch). Heretofore the most detailed description of the stages of an incurvariid appeared in Jensen's (1932) paper onIncurvaria koerneriellaZell.Classification and SynonomyThe maple leaf cutter,Paraclemensia acerifoliella(Fitch), belongs to the Incurvariidae, one of the most primitive families in the suborder Frenatae (suborder Monotrysia of Börner, 1939). Asa Fitch (1856) described this species and placed it in the genusOrnixin the family Tineidae. Clemens (1860) referred it to the genusIncurvariawith the remarks that “The wing structure departs from that of the genus [Incurvaria]….”
Development, Behaviour, and Descriptions of Immature Stages ofSpilochalcis side(Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae)
Authors: Arthur Alfred P. 
Published: January 2010

The life-history, habits, and development ofSpilochalcis side(Walk.) (torvinaCress.) were investigated at Belleville during studies on the parasites of needle miners,Recurvariaspp., attacking lodgepole pine,Pinus contortaDougl. var.latifoliaEngelm.Burks (1940) recorded this species as a parasite of species of the following families of Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Gelechiidae, Eucosmidae, Glyphipterygidac, Plutellidae, Ypononleutidae, Coleophoridae, and Lyonetiidae. He also recorded it from Coleoptera (Curculionidae) and from Hymenoptera (Ichneumonidae and Braconidae). Doner (1936) stated that it parasitized small numbers of pupae of the cherry casebearer,Coleophora pruniellaClem., each year from 1930 to 1933 at the University of Wisconsin Experiment Station at Sturgeon Bay, Door County, Wisconsin. It was reared at Belleville on pupae ofDepressaria heracliana(L.),Anagasta kühniella(Zell.),Galleria mellonellaL., andPyrausta nubilalis(Hbn.) (Lepidoptera); in the cocoons ofApanteles atalantae(Pack.),A. congregatus(Say), andA. glomeratus(L.) (Hymenoptera); and in an unidentified coleopterous casebearer.
Development, Mortality from Starvation, and Oviposition of the Pale Western Cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), When Fed on Various Food Plants
Authors: Jacobson L. A. , Blakeley P. E. 
Published: January 2010

When a crop has been destroyed by the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr., one to two weeks may elapse before plants of the second seeding emerge. During this time the larvae may be starved or, at least, subjected to a suboptimum food supply. Frequently the second seeding may be of a different crop from the one that was destroyed.A previous investigation (Jacobson, 1952) showed that mortality of the starved larvae varied directly with temperature and inversely with size of larvae. Seamans and McMillan (1935) reported that, when the larvae were fed various foods, differences were found in the rate of development and survival.
Humidity Reactions ofMelanoplus bivittatus(Say) andCamnula pellucida(Scudd.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae): Reactions of Starved and of Moulting Grasshoppers
Authors: Riegert P. Wm. 
Published: January 2010

Previous work (11) showed that two species of grasshoppers,Melanoplus bivittatus(Say) andCamnula pellucida(Scudd.), normally prefer a dry atmosphere. The present paper deals with the effects of starvation and of moulting on the humidity reactions of these species.Materials and MethodsTo test the effect of starvation on humidity reactions, adults of the two species from laboratory-reared cultures were used. Each adult was placed in a separate, cylindrical, plastic-screen cage, which mas eight inches long, two inches in diameter, and corked at both ends, The caged insects, without food or water, were placed for four or five days, or until death, in racks in a rearing room maintained at 30 ± 0.5°C. and 46 ± 1 per cent relative humidity. At intervals triplicated samples of ten adults, of one species and sex, were removed from the cages to test their reactions to alternative humidities of 0 and 90 per cent in an olfactometer (11).
A Report on Some North American Arctic and Subarctic Ichneumoninae First Supplement
Authors: Heinrich Gerd H. 
Published: January 2010

In the areae dentiparae, which slope far downward, nearly extending to the base of coxae III, this genus resembles Coelichneumonon Thoms. The propodeal slope, however, does not curve downward abruptly as in the latter genus, but slants gradually down in an oblique plane.Gastrocoeli quite different from those typical of the Protichneumonini: much shallower and rather small, considerably narrower than their interval.Postpetiole not longitudinally striated, but finely and irregularly reticulated in one species, almost smooth and shining in the other. Horizontal part of propodeum densely reticula-punctate, nearly opaque, costulae absent, areae superomedia and basalis not bordered by carinae, their place in one species indicated by a polished region.
New Pyralidae from the Papuan Region (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: January 2010

The following new species have been found in material submitted from various sources for identification.Glyphodes obscura, new speciesFig. 1, 9, 13Head, body and wings above moderately dark greyish brown, wings with a faint purplish sheen, hind wing a little paler and somewhat translucent in basal two-thirds. Markings very obscure. Fore wing above: antemedial band w-eakly fulvous. dark-bordered. somewhat oblique; discocellular patch obscure, quadrate; postmedial band weakly fulvous, dark-bordered, outwardly oblique to anal fold, then retracted to lower angle of cell and again outwardlyoblique to inner margin; an obscure dark subterminal line, almost parallel to margin; a narrow dark terminal line; fringe a little paler than an wing, with a dark midline. Hind wing above: a distinct dark dot at lower angle of cell; a very obscure, regular, postmedial band; traces of a dark, crenulated, subterminal line; terminal lineand fringe as on fore wing. Fore wing beneath: base and disc paler than above; ancerntdial line lacking; discocellular marking dark, geminate, joined posteriorly tn the inner end of postmedial line; the latter dark, roughly L-shaped, the part behind the discocellular patch obsolete; termen and fringe as above. Hind wing beneath: much ns above. but discocellular dot obscure and postmedial band dark, not fulvous. Female a little paler than male. Expanse 40 to 44 mm.
Some New Braconidae (Hymenoptera)
Authors: Mason W. R. M. 
Published: January 2010

The following new species are described to make names available for publications by other entomologists.Apanteles salalicus n.sp.This keys to couplet 72 or 74 in Muesebeck's revision (Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 58: 483-576, 1921.) but differs from both species there in its solitary habits, strongly exserted ovipositor sheaths, large and acutely pointed hypopygium, elevated and very coarsely sculptured abdominal tergites, and yellow hind coxae.
A New Species of Isonychus Mannerheim from Southern Arizona (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Howden Henry F. 
Published: January 2010

The genus Isonychus contains about 60 described species, largely from Central and South America. None have been recorded previously from the United States. The species described below from southern Arizona extends the known range of the genus about six or seven hundred miles northward.The genus is placed in the Macrodactylini and may be briefly characterized as follows: surfaces of vertex, pronotum, scutellum, and elytra covered with setae; elytra feebly striate; setal color pattern usually present on elytra; fore tibia bidentate; all tarsi with two claws, each of the latter cleft at tip and with a small basal tooth; one tibial spur on each fore leg, two spurs on each mesothoracic leg in both sexes and two tibial spurs on each metathoracic leg of the female, spurs lacking or single on the metathoracic legs of the male; fore and middle coxae contiguous or very narrowly separated.
An Unusual Case of Teratology in Siphonaptera
Authors: Holland George P. 
Published: January 2010

Most systematists occasionally come upon abnormal specimens of species belonging to the groups they study. Such specimens, depending on the nature of the abnormality, may be of only psssing interest as curiosities, or may be considered of sufficient importance to report in the literature.Several authors have recorded cases of teratology in the fleas, most of the cases concerning duplication of an organ (usually the spermatheca of the female). castration of the male by nematodes, or variability in the numbers of ctenidial spines. Smit (1949) reviewed the scant literature and later published several additional papers on monstrosities in Siphonaptera.
Notes on Life-History and Taxonomy of Ceruraphis eriophori (Wlk.) and Neoceruraphis viburnicola (Gill.), and a Description of the Apterous Viviparous Female of Neoceruraphis viburnicola (Gill.) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: MacGillivray M. E. 
Published: January 2010

In New Brunswick, Ceruraphis eriophori (Wlk., 1848) and Neoceruraphis viburnicola (Gill., 1909) are readily found in spring and autumn on their Viburnum hosts. I have collected both species from the curled leaves of these primary hosts (C. eriophori from Viburnum lantana L. and V. opulus L. and N. viburnicola from V. opulus var. roseum L. and V. trilobum Marsh.) In Colorado, Palmer (1952) recorded borh species from V. opulus var. sterile (= V. opulus var. roseum).The known secondary host plants of C. eriophori in Europe are species of Carex, Eriophorum, Luzula, and Typha (Börner, 1952); in North America, Cyperus virens Michx. is the only one reported (Palmer, 1952). The secondary hosts of N. viburnicola have not been recorded (Palmer, 1952; Shaposhinkov, 1956), nor has the apterous viviparous female been described.
Etude sur la mouche-à-scie du peuplier, Trichiocampus viminalis (Fall.) (Hyménoptère: Tenthredinidae)
Authors: Béique René 
Published: January 2010

La distribution géographique circompolaire et très étendue de la mouche à scie du peuplier comprend toute l'Europe et la partie septentrionale de l'Amérique du Nord. Au Canada on a signalé sa présence de l'Atlantique au Pacifique.Dans le Québec, cet insecte n'avait jamais été signalé cornme très nuisible avant 1956, alors qu'il se multiplia soudainement d'une façon excessive occasionnant des défoliations importantes sur les peupliers ornamentaux, dans certains secteurs de la ville de Québec.
The North American Elaterid Types of Otto Schwarz, with a Revision ofCtenicera bivittata(Melsheimer) and Allies (Coleoptera)
Authors: Becker Edward C. 
Published: January 2010

Otto Schwarz described ten species of North American elaterids, two of which he placed in the new genusEuplastius(1903, 1903a and 1906). Several of these species are known only from the types, and none has been redescribed or studied adequately. Dr. J. W. Machatschke of the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Berlin, kindly loaned type material of seven of these. Conclusions based on a study of these are summarized as follows:Chalcolepidius substriatusSchwarz – Synonym ofC. webbiiLeConte.
Three New Species of Cinara Curtis (Homoptera: Aphididae) From Central Canada
Authors: Bradley G. A. 
Published: January 2010

The three new species described here were discovered in recent years in the course of forest aphid studies in central Canada.Measurements used in this paper are in millimetres. The number of specimens of each form of the aphid measured is shown and the range of measurements given in parentheses. The single measurement preceding the parentheses is not an average, but refers to a single representative specimen.
A New Species of Dolichopus from North Carolina (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
Authors: Vockeroth J. R. 
Published: January 2010

The species described below is closely related to Dolichopus dorycerus Loew, 1864, but differs in both sexes in the colour of the lower orbital cilia and, in the male, in many details of the secondary sexual characters.Dolichopus phyllocerus, new speciesMale.–Length 6.3 mm.; wing length 6.2 mm. Face long, narrow, slightly broadened above, pale golden-brown, silvery below. Front metallic copper or coppery-green. Antenna (Fig. 1b) with first two segments yellow, the third black with about basal third yelllow; first segment of normal length; second very short, especially on lateral surface where it is scarcely visible; third short, broad, blunt. Arista black, about 21/2 times as long as rest of antenna, very slender, with a broad, blunt apical lamella. Lateral and lower orbital cilia yellow, upper cilia black.
Note on the Movements of the Mandibular and Maxillary Stylets of the Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer)
Authors: Bradley R. H. E. , Sylvester E. S. , Wade C. V. 
Published: January 2010

Lately there has been a concerted effort to elucidate the structure and function of the stylet bundle of suctorial insects. Aphids have received special attention because of their importance as vectors of plant viruses. Several workers have described their observations of stylets penetrating translucent tissues or membranes; for example, Bradley (1952), Mittler (1954), and van Hoof (1958).The movements most easily seen are rapid alternate oscillations at the stylet tips and a back and forth swinging of the entire stylet bundle as it enters a cell or other liquid medium.
A Note on the Longevity and Behaviour of Adult Golden Buprestids, Buprestis aurulenta L. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Under Artificial Conditions
Authors: Smith D. N. 
Published: January 2010

This note is on the longevity and behaviour of Buprestis aurulenta L. adults maintained in the laboratory after emergence from prolonged development in structural wood. An opportunity to obtain such information arose when adults began to emerge inside a large log house near Victoria. The house was built of logs cut on the site in 1946-7. Adults first began to emerge in 1956.The adult life span of forest buprestids appears obscure. Burke (1918) knew of no species that overwintered as adults. Pinned specimens of many species may be noted with dates from spring to fall, but nobody seems to have established whether these records represent continuing emergences, or persistence of earlier emergents. The latter is strongly suggested because some Buprestis species are known to overwinter as adults in pupal cells, while other species overwinter as pupae and become adults in the spring (Burke, 1909). All these adults emerge early in the following season (Burke, 1918).