bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing a heavy metal electrochemical sensor for Pb detection in water—A generalized approach for electrochemical sensing using low‐cost materials
Authors: Rajesh Singuru , Kumawat Adhidesh S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work attempts to design an elemental method for detecting heavy metals in water. The presence of heavy metals in water is a critical issue that needs a check at every level of water consumption. To facilitate the checking, a simple method needs to be identified and developed. Electrochemical sensing is essentially a surface phenomenon and requires a higher surface area for greater accuracy and reliability. We have attempted to use a readily available Cu wire for detecting Pb to 50 μM concentration with 90% reliability. It is important to note that the sensing electrode (Cu wire) utilized for this work has been employed in a facile manner that enhances the ease of use for heavy metal electrochemical sensor. Moreover, post‐usage, the replacement of sensor material for subsequent usage is easy. The low cost and simplicity of the method make it ideal for resource‐constrained environments and portability, resulting in increasing the accessibility of water quality monitoring. The study examines the reliability of a low‐cost electrode for Pb concentration detection in water samples to the concentration of 50 μM using a simple low‐cost electrochemical sensor arrangement.
A Comprehensive Computational Study on the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Tetrahydrobiopterin Regeneration Process
Authors: Samanta Suvadip , Mondal Padmabati 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne of the most crucial enzymatic cofactors in the human body is tetrahydrobiopterin, which is acquired through biological synthesis and self‐regeneration. During this regenerative process, it undergoes oxidation, deprotonation, further oxidation, and subsequent deprotonation, resulting in the formation of quinonoid‐dihydrobiopterin, which then undergoes tautomerization to yield dihydrobiopterin. This study presents the thermodynamic and kinetic properties associated with each stage of the regeneration process using theoretical calculations. The redox potentials for oxidation steps and the pKa values for deprotonation steps are determined employing the Born‐Haber cycle and the direct change of free energy in implicit solvent models. The redox metabolites are characterized and confirmed from their calculated absorption spectra using the time‐dependent density functional theory method. For the tautomerization steps, an IRC calculation is executed, and rate constants are computed using Eyring's Transition State Theory (TST). The tunnelling probability of the H atom during the tautomerization process is incorporated using Wigner's tunnelling correction in the calculation of the rate constant. Notably, we identify the N3 atom as the most probable deprotonation site for H3B+ and predict its geometry based on our calculations. Furthermore, we elucidate the spectral properties of intermediates involved in the regeneration process, highlighting key electronic transitions responsible for their excitations. Our results indicate that each step of tautomerization occurs along vibrational bending modes. We have observed that these tautomerization processes have high activation energies by optimising transition states. Additionally, considering tunnelling correction can significantly affect the reaction rates associated with these processes. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the regeneration process of tetrahydrobiopterin, which will help in the modulation of its biological activity.
Decoupling analysis for different exciting modes in MIMO DRA using absorbing surface walls
Authors: Yadav Abhay Krishna , Verma Sudhanshu , Sigroha Deepak , Das Gourab , Sharma Deepak Kumar , Sharma Anand 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIn this paper, a decoupling mechanism is discussed for different mode excitations in the cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (cDRA) by utilizing absorbing surface wall. In the cDRA, the fundamental radiating mode is HE11δ. Another higher order mode for radiation purpose in cDRA is HE12δ. Both HE11δ and HE12δ create broadside radiation. To analyze multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) performance, two different dual‐port DRAs are proposed. Each antenna structure consists of two DRA with dual similar ports supporting the same mode. Therefore, two different antenna structures are proposed for two different modes. For each antenna, two 2 × 3 absorber array walls are designed, and they are placed in between the DRA to reduce the mutual coupling. When the absorber array walls are placed in between the antenna elements, they blocked the free‐space electromagnetic (EM) field interaction in between the DRA. Due to the reduction of free‐space radiation interaction, the mutual coupling between the ports is improved tremendously. For both HE11δ and HE12δ modes, the mutual coupling is reduced by more than 10 dB. To analyze efficacy of the proposed method, the antenna structure featuring the HE11δ mode is fabricated and experimentally tested.
Detection of circulating tumor cells in blood using two‐step random forest
Authors: Wei Hua , Natori Takahiro , Tanaka Tomohiro , Aoki Shin , Kuriyama Sho , Yamada Takeshi , Aikawa Naoyuki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCancer has been the leading cause of death among Japanese since 1981, and many people die from it every year worldwide. While various measures have been taken to reduce the mortality rate of cancer, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood have been attracting attention in recent years. In the past, CTCs were detected by visual inspection by a physician or by an expensive machine, but these methods required much effort by the physician and required only EpCAM‐expressing cells to be detected. In addition, detection by image processing has been used, but it has the problem that the area of interest is only a part of the area and there are many false positives. In this paper, we propose a two‐step classification method that focuses on the shape and surface of cells. In the proposed method, multiple shape and surface features are obtained for four types of cells in blood images: Clusters, CTCs, Normal Cells, and Vertical Cells. Based on the features, cells are classified using a two‐step Random Forest and their accuracy is evaluated. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing it with conventional methods.
Sc(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Lawsones through a Buchner‐Curtius‐Schlotterbeck Reaction
Authors: Gogula Sailam Sri , Prasanna Dasari Vijaya , Sridhar B. , Lincoln Ch. Abraham , Reddy P. Muralidhar , Reddy B. V. Subba 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn efficient strategy has been developed for the synthesis of 3‐substituted lawsones using a catalytic amount of Sc(OTf)3 in toluene at −78 °C through a Buchner‐Curtius‐Schlotterbeck reaction. It is a versatile method to produce a large number of 3‐aryl, 3‐styryl, 3‐alkyl, and 3‐heteroaryl substituted lawsones under mild conditions. This is a first report on the synthesis of 3‐substituted lawsones in high yields with in short reaction times.
An optimal attention PLSTM‐based classification model to enhance the performance of IoMT attack detection in healthcare application
Authors: Dhanushkodi Kavitha , Shunmugiah Jeyalakshmi , Velladurai Santhana Marichamy , Rajendran Saranya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has revolutionized the healthcare industry by allowing remote monitoring of patients suffering from chronic diseases. However, security concerns arise due to the potential life‐threatening damage that can be caused by attacks on IoMT devices. To enhance the security of IoMT devices, researchers propose the use of novel artificial intelligence‐based intrusion detection techniques. This article presents a hybrid alex net model and an orthogonal opposition‐based learning Yin‐Yang‐pair optimization (OOYO) optimized attention‐based Peephole long short term memory (PLSTM) model to distinguish between malicious and normal network traffic in the IoMT environment. To improve the scalability of the model in handling the random and dynamic behavior of malicious attacks, the hyper parameters of the PLSTM framework are optimized using the OOYO algorithm. The proposed model is evaluated on different IoT benchmark datasets such as N‐BaIoT and IoT healthcare security. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model provides a classification accuracy of 99% and 98% on the healthcare security and N‐BaIoT datasets, respectively. Moreover, the proposed model exhibits high generalization ability for multi‐class classifications and is effective in reducing the false discovery rate. Overall, the proposed model achieves high accuracy, scalability, and generalization ability in identifying malicious traffic, which can help improve the security solution of IoMT devices.
A general pressure equation based method for incompressible two‐phase flows
Authors: Bodhanwalla Hormuzd , Raghunathan Dheeraj , Sudhakar Y. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryWe present a fully‐explicit, iteration‐free, weakly‐compressible method to simulate immiscible incompressible two‐phase flows. To update pressure, we circumvent the computationally expensive Poisson equation and use the general pressure equation which is solved explicitly. In addition, a less diffusive algebraic volume‐of‐fluid approach is used as the interface capturing technique and in order to facilitate improved parallel computing scalability, the technique is discretised temporally using the operator‐split methodology. Our method is fully‐explicit and stable with simple local spatial discretization, and hence, it is easy to implement. Several two‐ and three‐dimensional canonical two‐phase flows are simulated. The qualitative and quantitative results prove that our method is capable of accurately handling problems involving a range of density and viscosity ratios and surface tension effects.
Physiological and biochemical characteristics of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) as affected by some plant growth regulators
Authors: Fanai Sahar , Bakhshi Davood , Abbaszadeh Bohloul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMilk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) is a globally and widely used medicinal plant that contains silymarin. This plant has antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular‐protective, and neuroprotective effects. Plant quality, yield, and phytochemicals, especially silymarin content, change under various conditions like drought stress. Therefore, this research studied plant growth regulators (PGRs) like salicylic acid, spermidine, and brassinosteroid to increase plant tolerance to drought stress. Experimental treatments include different levels of irrigation (25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% field capacity), and foliar spraying including salicylic acid (75 and 150 mg/L), spermine (70 and 140 mg/L), and brassinosteroid (1 and 1.2 μM), separately, and water as a control and a secondary factor. The results revealed that the highest amount of leaf phenolic compounds was observed in the highest drought stress level (25%) and 75 mg/L salicylic acid application. Furthermore, brassinosteroid at different concentrations and salicylic acid (75 mg/L) increased leaf flavonoid content compared to other treatments. In 50% field capacity, foliar application of salicylic acid (150 mg/L) significantly increased seed yield by approximately 75% compared to control under the same stress level. Brassinosteroid application (1 μM) under 75% field capacity significantly increased the seed's taxifolin amount by 159%. Additionally, salicylic acid noticeably increased the silychristin concentration. The concentration of silydianin in the seed has also been increased under drought stress and foliar spraying with PGRs. Compared to the control, using spermidine below 75% field capacity caused an increase in its concentrations by over seven times. The highest silybin A amount was obtained in 50% field capacity and foliar150 mg/L salicylic acid. Taxifolin, silychristin, silydianin, silybinin B, iso‐silybinin A, and iso‐silybinin B compounds were identified in the seed extract. Generally, foliar spraying using plant growth regulators increased the number of silymarin compounds under drought stress conditions and field cultivation conditions.
Revitalizing traditional Turkish tort cheese into spreadable form: Enhancing bioactive and sensory attributes with utilization of carob molasses pulp that is a food waste
Authors: Özbek Çağla , Özdemir Yüksel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTort cheese is a traditional cheese that is a gastronomically valuable product, especially in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey, obtained by prolonged boiling of whey, which is one of the most important dairy byproducts. Due to the difficulty of production and its short shelf life, this cheese, which is produced in limited quantities and has low nutritional value, is among the forgotten products. In this study, a spreadable new cheese formulation was developed to increase the edibility and nutritional value of traditional Tort cheese. In this context, pulp (carob molasses pulp (CMP)) from carob molasses production was added to the cheese in different proportions (5%, 10%, and 15%), and some physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties of the cheeses were examined. As a result of the research, it was determined that the addition of CMP caused a decrease in the pH, fat, and protein content of the cheeses, while significantly increasing the dry matter, acidity, ash, carbohydrate, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content. With CMP addition, the hardness and water‐holding capacity of the cheeses increased, while spreadability, adhesiveness, and syneresis decreased. As the concentration of CMP increased, the L* and b* values decreased, while the a* value increased. In terms of sensory properties, the least preferred sample was the control, while the sample with 5% CMP addition, which is the most spreadable cheese, was the most preferred. As a result, a new product with lower fat content that was more durable and stable, rich in bioactive properties, and with improved sensory attributes was developed.
Pre‐diagnostic plasma inflammatory proteins and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in three population‐based cohort studies from the United States and the United Kingdom
Authors: Zhao Longgang , Zhang Xinyuan , Birmann Brenda M. , Danford Christopher J. , Lai Michelle , Simon Tracey G. , Chan Andrew T. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Ngo Long , Libermann Towia A. , Zhang Xuehong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrevious studies suggest a role for inflammation in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, no study has comprehensively evaluated associations between circulating inflammatory proteins and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among the general population. We conducted a nested case–control study in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (HPFS) with 56 pairs of incident HCC cases and controls. External validation was performed in the UK Biobank (34 HCC cases and 48,471 non‐HCC controls). Inflammatory protein levels were measured in pre‐diagnostic plasma using the Olink® Inflammation Panel. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate multivariable odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between a 1‐standard deviation (SD) increase in biomarker levels and HCC risk, considering a statistically significant threshold of false discovery rate (FDR)‐adjusted p < .05. In the NHS/HPFS, among 70 analyzed proteins with call rates >80%, 15 proteins had significant associations with HCC risk (pFDR < .05). Two proteins (stem cell factor, OR per SD = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.16–0.58; tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 12, OR per SD = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.31–0.85) were inversely associated whereas 13 proteins were positively associated with risk of HCC; positive ORs per SD ranged from 1.73 for interleukin (IL)‐10 to 2.35 for C‐C motif chemokine‐19. A total of 11 proteins were further replicated in the UK Biobank. Seven of the eight selected positively associated proteins also showed positive associations with HCC risk by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, with ORs ranging from 1.56 for IL‐10 to 2.72 for hepatocyte growth factor. More studies are warranted to further investigate the roles of these observed inflammatory proteins in HCC etiology, early detection, risk stratification, and disease treatment.
Myelodysplastic syndrome occurring after enfortumab vedotin treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Yanagida Kazuki , Kawai Taketo , Seito Toyoshi , Matsumoto Kensuke , Kaneko Tomoyuki , Nakagawa Tohru 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionEnfortumab vedotin is an antibody‐drug conjugate targeting Nectin‐4 for the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma in patients previously treated with platinum‐containing chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Common adverse events include rashes, peripheral neuropathy, and hyperglycemia. However, there are no reports on the development of myelodysplastic syndrome during enfortumab vedotin therapy in clinical settings.Case presentationA 72‐year‐old male patient experienced prolonged and severe thrombocytopenia 18 weeks after the start of enfortumab vedotin therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma, requiring daily platelet transfusions. Bone marrow examination and chromosomal analysis confirmed the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome. Treatment with eltrombopag proved to be effective.ConclusionThis is the first report of the development of myelodysplastic syndrome during enfortumab vedotin therapy in a clinical setting. Although rare, myelodysplastic syndrome can occur during enfortumab vedotin therapy.
Recent advances and future perspectives of Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite oxides electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries
Authors: Zhou Chongyang , Guo Weibin , Fan Jiayao , Shi Naien , Zhao Yi , Yang Xu , Ding Zhen , Han Min , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries equipped with solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) have gained significant interest due to their enhanced safety, energy density, and longevity in comparison to traditional liquid organic electrolyte‐based batteries. However, many SSEs, such as sulfides and hydrides, are highly sensitive to water, limiting their practical use. As one class of important perovskites, the Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite oxides (RPPOs), show great promise as SSEs due to their exceptional stability, particularly in terms of water resistance. In this review, the crystal structure and synthesis methods of RPPOs SSEs are first introduced in brief. Subsequently, the mechanisms of ion transportation, including oxygen anions and lithium‐ions, and the relevant strategies for enhancing their ionic conductivity are described in detail. Additionally, the progress made in developing flexible RPPOs SSEs, which are critical for flexible and wearable electronic devices, has also been summarized. Furthermore, the key challenges and prospects for exploring and developing RPPOs SSEs in all‐solid‐state batteries are suggested. This review presents in detail the synthesis methods, the ion transportation mechanism, and strategies to enhance the room temperature ionic conductivity of RPPOs SSEs, providing valuable insights on enhancing their ionic conductivity and thus for their practical application in solid‐state batteries.image
Drip irrigation for sustaining high sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) yield in marginally to moderately waterlogged saline vertisols of Karnataka, India
Authors: R.H. Rajkumar , J. Vishwanath , Karegoudar Annanagouda V. , Kaledhonkar Malharimartand J. , S.R. Anand , Dandekar Anilkumar T. , Thakur Raj Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the Tungabhadra project command, subsurface drainage is used to reclaim waterlogged saline areas, but its adoption is lower due to its high cost and highly skilled in nature. Irrigation water management could sustain high cane yields in mildly affected areas. A field experiment was conducted on waterlogged saline vertisols with sugarcane crops using surface drip, subsurface drip and furrow irrigation with water application amounts of 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of evapotranspiration (ET). The subsurface drip at 1.2 ET resulted in more leaching of salts and a higher moisture content. Also it had the highest cane yield (131.0 t ha−1), water productivity (WP) (8.30 kg m−3) and sugar WP (1.72 kg m−3) among the different methods. Among the irrigation levels, the 1.2 ET level had the highest cane yield (124.7 t ha−1), lowest WP (6.89 kg m−3) and highest sugar WP (1.43 kg m−3). The highest benefit–cost ratio was recorded for the subsurface drip treatment. Depth to water table was greater for the subsurface drip treatment compared to the furrow treatment. Therefore, subsurface drip irrigation at 1.2 ET for sugarcane can act as a viable preventive measure for sustaining high cane yield in mildly waterlogged saline vertisols in the command.
Preventing tuberculosis with community‐based care in an HIV‐endemic setting: a modelling analysis
Authors: Ross Jennifer M. , Greene Chelsea , Broshkevitch Cara J. , Dowdy David W. , van Heerden Alastair , Heitner Jesse , Rao Darcy W. , Roberts D. Allen , Shapiro Adrienne E. , Zabinsky Zelda B. , Barnabas Ruanne V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionAntiretroviral therapy (ART) and tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) both prevent tuberculosis (TB) disease and deaths among people living with HIV. Differentiated care models, including community‐based care, can increase the uptake of ART and TPT to prevent TB in settings with a high burden of HIV‐associated TB, particularly among men.MethodsWe developed a gender‐stratified dynamic model of TB and HIV transmission and disease progression among 100,000 adults ages 15−59 in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. We drew model parameters from a community‐based ART initiation and resupply trial in sub‐Saharan Africa (Delivery Optimization for Antiretroviral Therapy, DO ART) and other scientific literature. We simulated the impacts of community‐based ART and TPT care programmes during 2018−2027, assuming that community‐based ART and TPT care were scaled up to similar levels as in the DO ART trial (i.e. ART coverage increasing from 49% to 82% among men and from 69% to 83% among women) and sustained for 10 years. We projected the number of TB cases, deaths and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) averted relative to standard, clinic‐based care. We calculated programme costs and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios from the provider perspective.ResultsIf community‐based ART care could be implemented with similar effectiveness to the DO ART trial, increased ART coverage could reduce TB incidence by 27.0% (range 21.3%−34.1%) and TB mortality by 34.6% (range 24.8%–42.2%) after 10 years. Increasing both ART and TPT uptake through community‐based ART with TPT care could reduce TB incidence by 29.7% (range 23.9%−36.0%) and TB mortality by 36.0% (range 26.9%−43.8%). Community‐based ART with TPT care reduced gender disparities in TB mortality rates, with a projected 54 more deaths annually among men than women (range 11–103) after 10 years of community‐based care versus 109 (range 41–182) in standard care. Over 10 years, the mean cost per DALY averted by community‐based ART with TPT care was $846 USD (range $709–$1012).ConclusionsBy substantially increasing coverage of ART and TPT, community‐based care for people living with HIV could reduce TB incidence and mortality in settings with high burdens of HIV‐associated TB and reduce TB gender disparities.