bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted Drug Delivery and Penetration Into Solid Tumors
Authors: Corti Angelo , Pastorino Fabio , Curnis Flavio , Arap Wadih , Ponzoni Mirco , Pasqualini Renata 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDelivery and penetration of chemotherapeutic drugs into tumors are limited by a number of factors related to abnormal vasculature and altered stroma composition in neoplastic tissues. Coupling of chemotherapeutic drugs with tumor vasculature‐homing peptides or administration of drugs in combination with biological agents that affect the integrity of the endothelial lining of tumor vasculature is an appealing strategy to improve drug delivery to tumor cells. Promising approaches to achieve this goal are based on the use of Asn‐Gly‐Arg (NGR)‐containing peptides as ligands for drug delivery and of NGR‐TNF, a peptide‐tumor necrosis factor‐α fusion protein that selectively alters drug penetration barriers and that is currently tested in a randomized Phase III trial in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Involvement of MAPK and PI3K signaling pathway in sterigmatocystin‐induced G2 phase arrest in human gastric epithelium cells
Authors: Xing Xin , Wang Juan , Xing Ling Xiao , Li Yue Hong , Yan Xia , Zhang Xiang Hong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractScope: Sterigmatocystin (ST), a mycotoxin commonly found in foodstuff and feedstuff, has been shown to be a carcinogenic mycotoxin in animal models. Many studies showed that the high level of ST contamination in grains might be related to the high incidence of gastric carcinoma in rural areas of China. However, up to now, the potential effects of ST on human gastric epithelium cells remain largely unknown. In this study, we explored the effects of ST on cell‐cycle distribution and the regulatory mechanism in immortalized human gastric epithelium cells (GES‐1).Methods and results: The effects of ST on the cell cycle distribution of GES‐1 cells were determined with flow cytometric (FCM) analysis, Giemsa staining and immunofluorescence staining, while that on the expression of related gene‐Cdc25C, Cdc2, CyclinB1 and the complex of CyclinB1‐Cdc2 were studied with Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunoprecipitation assay respectively. We found that ST induced GES‐1 cells arrested at G2 phase by regulating the expression of Cdc25C, Cdc2, CyclinB1 and the formation of CyclinB1‐Cdc2 complex. Further study suggested JNK, ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways to be involved in the process of G2 arrest induced by ST. The specific inhibitors of JNK and ERK reversed the role of ST, whereas that of PI3K/AKT/mTOR reinforced the effect of ST on cell‐cycle distribution.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that JNK, ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways participated in the G2 arrest induced by ST through the deregulation of CyclinB1, Cdc2 and Cdc25C. It may play some roles in the gastric carcinogenesis in ST exposure populations.
Custom‐fitted 16‐channel bilateral breast coil for bidirectional parallel imaging
Authors: Nnewihe Anderson N. , Grafendorfer Thomas , Daniel Bruce L. , Calderon Paul , Alley Marcus T. , Robb Fraser , Hargreaves Brian A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA 16‐channel receive‐only, closely fitted array coil is described and tested in vivo for bilateral breast imaging at 3 T. The primary purpose of this coil is to provide high signal‐to‐noise ratio and parallel imaging acceleration in two directions for breast MRI. Circular coil elements (7.5‐cm diameter) were placed on a closed “cup‐shaped” platform, and nearest neighbor coils were decoupled through geometric overlap. Comparisons were made between the 16‐channel custom coil and a commercially available 8‐channel coil. SENSitivity Encoding (SENSE) parallel imaging noise amplification (g‐factor) was evaluated in phantom scans. In healthy volunteers, we compared signal‐to‐noise ratio, parallel imaging in one and two directions, Autocalibrating Reconstruction for Cartesian sampling (ARC) g‐factor, and high spatial resolution imaging. When compared with a commercially available 8‐channel coil, the 16‐channel custom coil shows 3.6× higher mean signal‐to‐noise ratio in the breast and higher quality accelerated images. In patients, the 16‐channel custom coil has facilitated high‐quality, high‐resolution images with bidirectional acceleration of R = 6.3. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative cerebral blood flow in dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI using total cerebral flow from phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Bonekamp David , Degaonkar Mahaveer , Barker Peter B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging during bolus injection of gadolinium contrast agent is commonly used to investigate cerebral hemodynamics. The large majority of clinical applications of dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging to date have reported relative cerebral blood flow values because of dependence of the result on the accuracy of determining the arterial input function, the robustness of the singular value decomposition algorithm, and others. We propose a calibration approach that directly measures the total (i.e., whole brain) cerebral blood flow in individual subjects using phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography. The method was applied to data from 11 patients with intracranial pathology. The sum of squares variance about the mean (uncorrected: white matter = 105.6, gray matter = 472.2; corrected: white matter = 34.1, gray matter = 99.8) after correction was significantly lower for white matter (P = 0.045) and for gray matter (P = 0.011). However, the mean gray and white matter cerebral blood flow in the contralateral hemisphere were not significantly altered by the correction. The proposed phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography calibration technique appears to be one of the most direct correction schemes available for dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging cerebral blood flow values and can be performed rapidly, requiring only a few minutes of additional scan time. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Review of the evolution of electrodiagnostic criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradicoloneuropathy
Authors: Bromberg Mark B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradicoloneuropathy (CIDP) is a treatable form of neuropathy. Efforts to devise sets of electrodiagnostic (nerve conduction) criteria to distinguish primary demyelination from primary axonal neuropathies have been elusive, and at least 16 criteria have been proposed. Modifications to criteria frequently represent minor changes based on applying a set to a small number of patients with the clinical diagnosis of CIDP, whereas others are based on physiological changes related to demyelination and other pathophysiological features. The various modifications continue to result in limited sensitivity, likely related to the wide range of nerve conduction abnormalities among CIDP patients. Although some sets are appropriate for formal clinical drug trials, their complexity makes them difficult to apply in the clinic or electromyography laboratory. This study considers the evolution of the criteria, discusses their limitations, and ends with a simplified set of guidelines that can be applied in the clinic or laboratory. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Motor nerve decline does not underlie muscle weakness in type 2 Diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Ijzerman T. Herman , Schaper Nicolaas C. , Melai Tom , Blijham Paul , Meijer Kenneth. , Willems Paul J.B. , Savelberg Hans H.C.M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients may have decreased muscle strength. This decline can have multiple causes, among them diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). We sought to determine the effect of nerve deterioration on muscle strength in DM2 patients with and without DPN. Methods: Nineteen DM2 patients with DPN (DPN group), 15 DM2 patients without DPN (DC group), and 18 healthy subjects (HC group) were recruited. We determined motor and sensory nerve function of the lower extremity. Isometric dynamometry was performed to determine maximum torque of the ankle joint. Results: The DPN group had significantly diminished nerve function and muscle strength (P < 0.05) compared with both other groups. Only muscle strength was lower in DC subjects compared with HCs. No significant correlations were found between nerve function and muscle strength. Conclusion: These results indicate that reduced ankle joint torque in DM2 patients with and without DPN is independent of the presence of disturbed nerve function. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Reliability of the modified hammersmith functional motor scale in young children with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Krosschell Kristin J. , Scott Charles B. , Maczulski Jo Anne , Lewelt Aga J. , Reyna Sandra P. , Swoboda Kathryn J. ,   for Project Cure SMA
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The test–retest reliability of the Modified Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale (MHFMS) in children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) ≤30 months of age was assessed. The age at which typically developing children (TD) achieve maximum MHFMS scores was also studied. Methods: Twenty‐two children with SMA type II [mean age (SD) = 20 (5) months, range 9–30 months) were tested twice using the MHFMS. Twenty‐five TD children [mean age (SD) = 18 (7) months, range 9–30 months) were tested once. Results: The average difference between MHFMS scores for SMA children was 0.18 [first assessment: mean (SD) = 12.8 (9.8); second assessment: mean (SD) = 13.0 (8.8)]. Reliability was excellent (ICC1,3 = 0.96, SEM 1.86). TD participants had MHFMS scores ranging from 36 to 40 [mean (SD) = 39.2 (1.2)] and achieved maximum test scores at 12 months of age. Discussion: MHFMS scores in young children with SMA type II showed excellent test–retest stability. This suggests that the MHFMS can be used reliably in this younger population for clinical trials and follow‐up. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Progressive dysphagia in limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B
Authors: Walsh Richard , Hill Fiona , Breslin Niall , Connolly Sean , Brett Francesca M. , Charlton Richard , Barresi Rita , McCabe Dominick J. H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDysphagia has not been reported in genetically confirmed limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B).A 40‐year‐old woman reported exercise‐induced calf pain at age 34, followed by progressive lower and upper limb weakness. At age 38, progressive dysphagia for solids, and subsequently liquids, ensued. Endoscopic and videofluoroscopic–radiological findings indicated a myopathic swallowing disorder. Molecular genetic analysis confirmed two dysferlin gene mutations consistent with a compound heterozygote state. Progressive dysphagia should be considered as part of the expanding dysferlinopathy phenotype. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Gaussian process emulators for the stochastic finite element method
Authors: DiazDelaO F. A. , Adhikari S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper explores a method to reduce the computational cost of stochastic finite element codes. The method, known as Gaussian process emulation, consists of building a statistical approximation to the output of such codes based on few training runs. The incorporation of emulation is explored for two aspects of the stochastic finite element problem. First, it is applied to approximating realizations of random fields discretized via the Karhunen–Loève expansion. Numerical results of emulating realizations of Gaussian and lognormal homogeneous two‐dimensional random fields are presented. Second, it is coupled with the polynomial chaos expansion and the partitioned Cholesky decomposition in order to compute the response of the typical sparse linear system that arises due to the discretization of the partial differential equations that govern the response of a stochastic finite element problem. The advantages and challenges of adopting the proposed coupling are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional analysis of functionally graded plates
Authors: Wen P. H. , Sladek J. , Sladek V. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBased on the state‐space formalism, a three‐dimensional analysis is presented for orthotropic functionally graded rectangular plates with simply supported edges under static and dynamic loads. The material properties are assumed to be variable through the thickness. The governing equations for the functionally graded material (FGM) are developed on the state‐space approach in the Laplace transform domain. Assuming constant material properties, we derive the analytical solutions that can be used to validate any numerical methods. For FGM plates, the numerical solutions are obtained by the use of radial basis function method. Three examples are presented for the FGMs and laminated composite. The accuracy of the proposed numerical technique has been compared with the exact solutions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parents' beliefs about themselves as parents of a new infant: Instrument development
Authors: Pridham Karen F. , Chang Audrey S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe instrument, What Being the Parent of a New Baby is Like (WPL), was designed to assess parental experiences and self‐images which are likely to influence problem‐solving concerning their infants. Forty‐nine mothers responded to the questionnaire on three separate occasions during the infants' first 3 months. These data were the basis for a preliminary examination of the item characteristics, reliability (internal consistency), and validity. The pattern of responses to the WPL was in the expected direction for a sample of mothers who, on the whole, functioned well as parents. Principal components factor analysis with iteration and varimax orthogonal rotation identified two variables (centrality of the infant and success in parenting) that together accounted for 60.1% of the variance; adequate internal consistency for success and modest internal consistency for centrality were demonstrated. Use of the Neonatal Perception and Degree of Bother Inventories demonstrated divergent validity. Expected parity differences tested the known groups technique of construct validity. The significant relationship between success and a measure of parents' perceptions of their problem‐solving skills demonstrated concurrent validity. Further testing of WPL with added items on larger and more heterogeneous samples is warranted.
Predictors of acute confusional states in hospitalized elderly patients
Authors: Williams Margaret A. , Campbell Emily B. , Raynor William J. , Musholt Mary A. , Mlynarczyk Susan M. , Crane Laraine F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDevelopment of two models for predicting acute confusional states in elderly postsurgical hip‐fracture patients is described. Admission variables were used in the first model to predict confusion in the first five postoperative days; treatment and clinical progress data were added for the second model to predict on a day‐to‐day basis. The main sample was 170 patients from four hospitals (M age = 78.8) with no prior history of mental impairment. Over half (51.5%) evidenced some confusion postoperatively. Three variables were significant in the admission model: age, errors on a mental status test, and level of pre‐injury activity. Age and test errors remained significant in the daily model and urine elimination problems were added, but the strongest predictor was the previous day's confusion score. When that effect was removed, pain, narcotics, and mobility emerged as important predictors. Validity testing suggested that the three admission factors were core predictors of acute confusional states.
Impact of a husband's chronic illness (COPD) on the spouse's life
Authors: Sexton Dorothy L. , Munro Barbara Hazard 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the impact of a husband's chronic illness on the spouse's life. The sample was 76 married women, 46 whose husbands had a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 30 whose husbands did not have a chronic illness. On a mailed questionnaire wives of COPD patients reported higher subjective stress (p = .032) and lower life satisfaction (p = .006) than the wives whose husbands did not have a chronic illness. The COPD wives assumed more new roles and responsibilities, relinquished more social activities, rated their health lower, and reported less frequent marital relations. Implications for future research are addressed.
Indirect auscultatory blood pressure measurement at two sites in the arm
Authors: Tachovsky Barbara J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to describe and compare indirect auscultatory blood pressure measurement at the forearm site with values obtained at the traditional upper arm site. The forearm site has been suggested as an alternative site for more accurate measurement of blood pressure in obese patients. This study explores differences in data obtained at the two sites on 98 female subjects, aged 18 to 25 years, with nonobese arms and without history of cardiovascular‐renal disease. Data were analyzed using a paired t test (p < .05). Results indicate that statistically significant differences exist between the sites based on the lower systolic values and higher diastolic values obtained at the forearm site. Additional study is recommended to further clarify differences and to include obese subjects.
Obesity in lower and middle socio‐economic status mothers and their children
Authors: Saltzer Eleanor B. , Golden Michael P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo identify potential nursing interventions for obesity in lower socioeconomic status populations, the relationships between maternal and child obesity, socioeconomic status, maternal nutritional knowledge, and locus of control for maternal weight in 144 children and their mothers were studied. Subjects were recruited from two clinic populations; Clinic 1 was of lower socioeconomic status than Clinic 2. As compared with those from Clinic 2, mothers from Clinic 1 were heavier, had less nutritional knowledge, and were more external with respect to locus of weight control. There was a trend for Clinic 1 children to be heavier than those in Clinic 2 but this finding was not statistically significant. The lower socioeconomic status children significantly resembled their mothers' adiposity (possibly foreshadowing adult obesity), however, the middle socioeconomic status children did not resemble their mothers.
A comparison of professional performance examination scores of graduating associate and baccalaureate degree nursing students
Authors: Mcmillan Susan C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Professional Performance Examination has four subtests of professional nursing performance: leadership, collaboration, research, and management of client care. If these four elements characterize the professional rather than the technical nurse, and if this test is representative of these elements, professional and technical nurses should be differentiated. Two alternate forms of each of the four subtests were administered to 86 subjects graduating from 12 associate degree nursing programs and 83 subjects graduating from 11 bachelor degree programs. Results showed no difference in leadership, collaboration, and management subtest scores, but the bachelors degree group scored significantly higher than the associate degree on the research subtest. These results suggested that either the test was not sensitive enough to detect all differences between the two groups, or the associate degree and bachelor degree subjects were not as different as generally supposed.
Life satisfaction, health control orientation, and illness‐related factors in persons with osteoarthritis
Authors: Laborde Joyce M. , Powers Marjorie J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess life satisfaction in osteoarthritics and to explore relationships between that variable and health perception, health locus of control, and illness‐related factors. The study group consisted of 160 osteoarthritics from four different types of settings. The osteoarthritics rated their present life satisfaction and recent health as relatively good and were externally controlled in terms of their health beliefs. Present life satisfaction was related to better health perception, internal locus of control, and less joint pain.
Issues of conceptualization and measurement of social support in the construction of nursing theory
Authors: Tilden Virginia Peterson 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSocial support has emerged in the last decade as a significant health behavior and, therefore, a promising focus of theory development in nursing. Nursing's concern with health, environment, and person provides an ideal perspective from which to take the lead in research, instrument development, and theory construction in social support. The focus of this article is the present development of the construct to assist nurse scholars toward an adequate conception of social support. Theoretical frameworks underlying definitions are examined, and issues of measurement and clinical assessment are discussed.
Post hoc tests following analysis of variance
Authors: Holm Karyn , Christman Norma J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractReview of nursing research literature revealed that post hoc comparisons of mean differences were not consistently reported, although their use was warranted. This paper describes the critical features of post hoc procedures and offers guidelines for selecting one method over another. Particular attention is given to how various procedures control Type 1 error. Selection of post hoc procedures considering the investigator's desire for control of Type 1 and Type 2 error also is presented.
Policy perspectives on newspaper reports of nurse strikes
Authors: Kalisch Philip A. , Kalisch Beatrice J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractContent analysis was used to study 1980 U.S. newspaper articles about nurse strikes. Multivariate analysis revealed that the 893 nurse strike articles presented a more negative image of the nurse than newspaper articles on other nursing subjects. There were more negative headlines, criticism of nurses, and negative relationships. Desire for higher salaries was the major strike issue reported by newspapers, conveying that nurses are interested in personal economic gain as opposed to quality patient care. Nurse strike articles were more likely to appear in larger circulaton newspapers and be about strikes in hospitals rather than other health care settings. The most extensive and favorable press coverage occurred in states where organized labor is concentrated. Policy implications of these findings include the difficulty of using the nurse strike as a labor tactic in states with a strong antiunion press.
Perceived job stress, job satisfaction, and psychological symptoms in critical care nursing
Authors: Norbeck Jane S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study tested the relationships among perceived job stress, job satisfaction, and psychological symptoms of critical care nurses. A self‐administered questionnaire was sent to a sample of 180 critical care nurses from eight hospitals. The results supported the hypotheses that higher levels of perceived job stress are related to lower levels of job satisfaction (r = ‐.24, p = .001) and to higher levels of psychological symptoms (r = .33, p = .000). These effects remained even when years of experience in nursing and shift were controlled. Item analysis, however, showed that four of the five top‐ranking stressors were not related to the outcome measures. A distinction between positive and negative stressors is proposed to explain the pattern of results.