bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing root physiology for increased yield in water-saving and drought-resistance rice with optimal irrigation and nitrogen
Authors: Hou Danping , Liu Kun , Liu Shikun , Li Juncai , Tan Jinsong , Bi Qingyu , Zhang Anning , Yu Xinqiao , Bi Junguo , Luo Lijun 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesWater-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) plays a vital role in the sustainable development of agriculture. Nevertheless, the impacts and processes of water and nitrogen on grain yield in WDR remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, Hanyou 73 (WDR) and Hyou 518 (rice) were used as materials. Three kinds of nitrogen fertilizer application rate (NFAR) were set in the pot experiment, including no NFAR (nitrogen as urea applied at 0 g/pot), medium NFAR (nitrogen as urea applied at 15.6 g/pot), and high NFAR (nitrogen as urea applied at 31.2 g/pot). Two irrigation regimes, continuous flooding cultivation and water stress, were set under each NFAR. The relationships between root and shoot morphophysiology and grain yield in WDR were explored.ResultsThe results demonstrated the following: 1) under the same irrigation regime, the grain yield of two varieties increased with the increase of NFAR. Under the same NFAR, the reduction of irrigation amount significantly reduced the grain yield in Hyou 518 (7.1%–15.1%) but had no substantial influence on the grain yield in Hanyou 73. 2) Under the same irrigation regime, increasing the NFAR could improve the root morphophysiology (root dry weight, root oxidation activity, root bleeding rate, root total absorbing surface area, root active absorbing surface area, and zeatin + zeatin riboside contents in roots) and aboveground physiological indexes (leaf photosynthetic rate, non-structural carbohydrate accumulation in stems, and nitrate reductase activity in leaves) in two varieties. Under the same NFAR, increasing the irrigation amount could significantly increase the above indexes in Hyou 518 (except root dry weight) but has little effect on Hanyou 73. 3) Analysis of correlations revealed that the grain yield of Hyou 518 and Hanyou 73 was basically positively correlated with aboveground physiology and root morphophysiology, respectively.ConclusionThe grain yield could be maintained by water stress under medium NFAR in WDR. The improvement of root morphophysiology is a major factor for high yield under the irrigation regime and NFAR treatments in WDR.
Molecular evidence provides new insights into the evolutionary origin of an ancient traditional Chinese medicine, the domesticated “Baizhi”
Authors: Lin Yingyu , Yao Gang , Huang Chunxiu , Chao Zhi , Tian Enwei 
Published: May 2024

Introduction“Baizhi” is a famous herbal medicine in China, and it includes four landraces named as ‘Hangbaizhi’, ‘Chuanbaizhi’, ‘Qibaizhi’, and ‘Yubaizhi’. Long-term artificial selection had caused serious degradation of these germplasms. Determining the wild progenitor of the landraces would be benefit for their breed improvements. Previous studies have suggested Angelica dahurica var. dahurica, A. dahurica var. formosana, or A. porphyrocaulis as potential candidates, but the conclusion remains uncertain, and their phylogenetic relationships are still in controversy.MethodsIn this study, the genetic variation and phylogenetic analyses of these species and four landraces were conducted on the basis of both the nrITS and plastome datasets.ResultsGenetic variation analysis showed that all 8 population of four landraces shared only one ITS haplotype, meanwhile extremely low variation occurred within 6 population at plastid genome level. Both datasets supported the four landraces might be originated from a single wild germplasm. Phylogenetic analyses with both datasets revealed largely consistent topology using Bayesian inference and Maximum likelihood methods. Samples of the four landraces and all wild A. dahurica var. dahurica formed a highly supported monophyletic clade, and then sister to the monophyly clade comprised by samples of A. porphyrocaulis, while four landraces were clustered into one clade, which further clustered with a mixed branches of A. porphyrocaulis and A. dahurica var. dahurica to form sister branches for plastid genomes. Furthermore, the monophyletic A. dahurica var. formosana was far distant from the A. dahurica var. dahurica-“Baizhi” clade in Angelica phylogeny. Such inferences was also supported by the evolutionary patterns of nrITS haplotype network and K2P genetic distances. The outcomes indicated A. dahurica var. dahurica is most likely the original plant of “Baizhi”.DiscussionConsidering of phylogenetic inference and evolutionary history, the species-level status of A. dahurica var. formosana should be accepted, and the taxonomic level and phylgenetic position of A. porphyrocaulis should be further confirmed. This study preliminarily determined the wild progenitor of “Baizhi” and clarified the phylogenetic relationships among A. dahurica var. dahurica, A. dahurica var. formosana and A. porphyrocaulis, which will provide scientific guidance for wild resources protections and improvement of “Baizhi”.
Pseudomonas synxantha volatile organic compounds: efficacy against Cadophora luteo-olivacea and Botrytis cinerea of kiwifruit
Authors: Di Francesco Alessandra , Jabeen Farwa , Vall-llaura Núria , Moret Erica , Martini Marta , Torres Rosario , Ermacora Paolo , Teixidó Neus 
Published: May 2024

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are responsible for the antagonistic activity exerted by different biological control agents (BCAs). In this study, VOCs produced by Pseudomonas synxantha strain 117-2b were tested against two kiwifruit fungal postharvest pathogens: Cadophora luteo-olivacea and Botrytis cinerea, through in vitro and in vivo assays. In vitro results demonstrated that P. synxantha 117-2b VOCs inhibit mycelial growth of C. luteo-olivacea and B. cinerea by 56% and 42.8% after 14 and 5 days of exposition, respectively. In vivo assay demonstrated significant inhibitory effects. VOCs used as a biofumigant treatment reduced skin-pitting symptoms disease severity by 28.5% and gray mold incidence by 66.6%, with respect to the untreated control. BCA volatiles were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME–GC/MS), and among the detected compounds, 1-butanol, 3-methyl and 1-nonene resulted as the most produced. Their efficacy as pure synthetic compounds was assayed against mycelial growth of fungal pathogens by different concentrations (0.34, 0.56, and 1.12 µL mL−1 headspace). The effect of the application of VOCs as a biofumigant was also investigated as the expression level of seven defense-related genes of kiwifruit at different exposition times. The results indicated an enhancement of the expression of almost all the genes starting from 3 h of treatment. These results described P. synxantha VOCs characteristics and their potential as a promising method to adopt for protecting kiwifruit from postharvest diseases caused by C. luteo-olivacea and B. cinerea.
The impact of methamphetamine on psychosocial variables in patients from Iraq
Authors: Abbass Marwah , Al-Hemiary Nesif , Sahib Hayder B. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThe current work reviews the psychosocial factors associated with different urinary methamphetamine concentration levels.MethodsFrom April to November 2023, 243 participants from Baghdad’s Al-Ataa Hospital were the subjects of a cross-sectional descriptive analysis study. We included 73 patients in this study.ResultThe urinary methamphetamine concentration levels were from 3 to 92,274 ng/ml, with a mean ± SD of 10,873.6 ± 18,641. Patients diagnosed with major depression disorder exhibited higher scores on GHQ-30, UCLA, MOAS, and BDI-II with a significant P-value of 0.0001, 0.001, 0.0001, and 0.0001, consequently with an effect size of 0.015, 0.001, 1.05, and 3.24, respectively.ConclusionsThe multi-screening test can produce a false positive. It frequently interferes with other drugs, especially antidepressants. This will result in patients being stigmatized and accused. On the other hand, those who accidentally come into contact with crystal smoke will experience the same withdrawal symptoms as the addicted patients. Their urinary methamphetamine level (titer) could have negative results. Urinary methamphetamine levels should be zero in healthy patients. In this situation, screening tests, expert opinion, and urine methamphetamine testing are strongly recommended.
The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among emergency medical services personnel in Saudi Red Crescent Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alanazi Sattam Zaid , Abusharha Ali , Afsar Tayyaba , Trembley Janeen H. , Razak Suhail 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundDetermining the prevalence of PTSD and contributing variables among (EMS) specialists was the goal of the current investigation. Furthermore, limited evidence exists regarding the application of PCL-5 for EMT practitioners, and the incidence of PTSD among different age groups and genders in Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study includes 211 prehospital care providers of the Saudi Red Crescent Authority stations in Riyadh. The randomization was done using Google Forms into subgroups according to participants’ gender, years of experience, occupations, and average working hours. The presence and severity of PTSD symptoms were evaluated using the 20-item PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The reliability statistics were calculated using Cronbach’s Alpha for the 20-survey questionnaire.ResultsThe comparison of PCL-5 total scores indicated more PTSD symptomatology among females (1.61 + 0.799) as compared to male workers (1.13 + 0.642). The total score of PTSD demonstrated no statistically significant (P=0.79) differences between our age group classifications. In terms of the participants’ city (Riyadh), the total PTSD score was less than the cutoff point which is 31. PTSD total score may not be affected by working experience as indicated by the non-significant difference in prevalence among EMT practitioners having &lt;5 years, 5-10 years and above 10 years of working experience (P=0.215 with X2 = 3.076). PTSD incidence is affected by the type of occupation as statistically significant differences between groups (P=0.001) were recorded depending on the position and responsibilities of EMS practitioners. PTSD is also affected by average working hours per week, and there were statistically significant differences between groups (P=0.001).ConclusionThe total score of PTSD in the case of emergency service practitioners was found to be 33.7% among all the research participants, which may be regarded as a high prevalence when compared to the general population. Our investigations would contribute to a better understanding of the underlying factors of mental stress in EMS specialists in Saudi Arabia and to the development of adequate mental health practices.
Performance Analysis of the Structures Using Glass-Fiber-Reinforced-Polymer-Produced Hollow Internal Molds
Authors: Zhang Zhenhao , Yang Zanke , Li Hesheng , Yang Weijun 
Published: May 2024

Hollow structures reduce weight without compromising load-bearing capacity and are widely used. The new Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer high-strength thin-walled inner mold simplifies internal cavity construction and boosts structural performance. This study first investigates the influence of a GFRP high-strength thin-walled circular tube on the cross-sectional load-carrying capacity of hollow slabs. Then, a formula for the bending load-carrying capacity of the section under the action of the tube is derived. The results indicate that when the height of the concrete compression zone meets certain conditions, GFRP high-strength thin-walled circular tubes can improve the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the hollow floor slabs. In order to achieve a more economical design, the bending moment modification of a GFRP high-strength thin-walled circular tube of a continuous slab was studied. Research has found that the bending moment modulation limit for a continuous slab is 35.65% when it is subjected to a load of Pu=24 kN. Experimental analysis has shown that the results are generally consistent with the calculations. In practical engineering, the application of a GFRP high-strength thin-walled circular tube of continuous slabs has limitations. Therefore, this study investigated a GFRP high-strength thin-walled honeycomb core slab and found that its ultimate load-bearing capacity is greater compared to waffle slabs. In addition, the stress performance of the GFRP high-strength thin-walled honeycomb core internal mold is superior, making it more promising for practical applications.
Międzykulturowe otwarcie komunikacyjne
Authors: Legut Agnieszka , Kasprowicz Dominika 
Published: May 2024

Prezentowany tekst daje wgląd w wyniki pierwszego etapu badań, które przeprowadzono w okresie od kwietnia do grudnia 2021 r. wśród gminnych (krakowskich) instytucji kultury. Autorki, opierając się na koncepcji międzykulturowego otwarcia instytucji, analizując materiały zastane, proponują typologię, w której uwidaczniają się podmioty 1) otwarte na wielokulturowość, 2) budujące mosty oraz 3) kalibrujące swoje działania włączające tak, aby uwzględnić lokalny wymiar wielokulturowości, czyli obecność Nowych Krakowian. Autorki rekonstruują obraz Krakowa, jego instytucji kultury i stanu komunikacji (w perspektywie otwarcia wielokulturowego), jakiego już nie ma, a jednocześnie, który to (nieistniejący już) obraz może stanowić istotny punkt odniesienia dla bieżących badań medioznawczych, kulturoznawczych i innych.
Organizacje pozarządowe na rzecz budowania rezyliencji miejskich przestrzeni dziedzictwa
Authors: Hołuj Dominika 
Published: May 2024

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy działań organizacji pożytku publicznego w zakresie aktywności budujących rezyliencję przestrzeni dziedzictwa w polskich miastach w latach 2019–2021. Zidentyfikowano rodzaje tych działań, ustalając, że OPP w szczególności podejmują działania strażnicze, prewencyjne, reaktywne, wspierając potencjał adaptacyjny obiektów i przestrzeni dziedzictwa do współczesnych potrzeb i przywracając pamięć miejsc. Wyraźnie rysuje się korelacja pomiędzy kierunkami działania OPP a brakami kompetencyjnymi, kadrowymi czy organizacyjnymi publicznych instytucji formalnie odpowiedzialnych za ochronę dziedzictwa i zrównoważone włączanie go w rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy.
ﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﻳﺔ ﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﻟﺗﺩﺭﻳﺱ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻭﻳﺔ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺩ. ﻣﺎﺟﺩ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻛﻧﺎﻧﻲ  
Published: May 2024

ﻴﻌد اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴم ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻨظﻤﺔ ﻫﺎدﻓﺔ ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺘرﺘﺒط ﺒﺤﺎﺠـﺎت وﻤﺘطﻠﺒـﺎت اﻟﻤـﺘﻌﻠم ﻤـن

ﺠﻬﺔ واﻫداف اﻟﻤؤﺴﺴﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻌﻠم ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤن ﺠﻬﺔ اﺨرى ٬ وﻫو ﻴﺘوﺨﻰ اﻟﺘﺨطﻴط اﻟـﻰ

زﻴـﺎدة ﺨﺒـ ارت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻤـﻴن ﻤــن اﻟﻤﻌـﺎرف واﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤـﺎت واﻟﻤﻬـﺎ ارت ﻻﻏﻨــﺎء ﺤﻴـﺎﺘﻬم ٬ وذﻟـك ﻤــن

ﺨﻼﻝ اﺨﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤواد اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻼﺌﻤﺔ ﻟﻘـد ارﺘﻬم اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴـﺔ وﻤـدرﻛﺎﺘﻬم اﻟﺤﺴـﻴﺔ واﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺒﻨـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ

ط ارﺌق واﺴﺎﻟﻴب ﺤدﻴﺜﺔ.
دراسة تحليلية للنتائج المستحصلة من بحوث المعالجات المعرفية في القرن العشرين
Authors: د. رغد زكي غياض الحسني  
Published: May 2024

ﻤـن اﻟﻤواﻀـﻴﻊ اﻟرﺌﻴﺴـﻴﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺸـﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺤـوث اﻟﺘرﺒوﻴـﺔ واﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻴﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ أﺠرﻴـت ﻓـﻲ
اﻟﻌـﺎﻟم ﺨـﻼﻝ اﻟﻘـرن اﻟﻌﺸـرﻴن واﻟﺘـﻲ ﻟﻬـﺎ اﻨﻌﻛﺎﺴـﺎت ﻤﻬﻤـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴم ﻫـﻲ ﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﻟﺨﺒـ ارت
إﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻻﺒد ﻤن اﻟﺘوﻗف ﻋﻨدﻫﺎ واﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ازدت اﻟﺘطو ارت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘـرن اﻟواﺤـد واﻟﻌﺸـرﻴن
وﻤﻬﻤﺎ اﺘﺴﻌت اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ وأﻨظﻤﺔ اﻟـﺘﻌﻠم اﻟﻔـردي .. ﻓﻬـﻲ ﺒﺤـوث ﻛﺎﻨـت وﺴـﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﻠﺘﺼـﻘﺔ
ﺒﺎﻟﻛﻴﻨوﻨـﺔ اﻹﻨﺴـﺎﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻻ ﺘﻠﻐﻴﻬـﺎ اﻟﺘطـو ارت . واﻟﺒﺤـوث اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺘﻨـﺎوﻝ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺎت اﻟﻤﻌرﻓﻴـﺔ
ﻫﻲ ﺒﺤوث ﻋن (ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺨزن اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎت واﺴﺘردادﻫﺎ ) وﻗد أﺸﺎرت إﻟﻰ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺎﻋدة اﻟطﻠﺒﺔ

ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺠﻤوﻋﺔ ﻤﺘﻤﺎﺴﻛﺔ ﻤن اﻟﻤﻌرﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﻬﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻝ .
ﺤﻴث ﻴﻌﺘﻘد اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴون إن اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎت ﻓﻲ ذاﻛرﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﻴدة اﻟﻤدى ﻴﺘم ﺨزﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺒﻛﺎت
ﻤﺘ ارﺒطﺔ ﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﺘ ارﻛﻴـب اﻟﻤﻌرﻓـﺔ ٬ ٕوان ﺤﺠـم ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﺘ ارﻛﻴـب وﻋـدد اﻟﺘـ ارﺒط ﺒـﻴن أﺠـ ازء اﻟﻤﻌرﻓـﺔ
وﻗـوة اﻟـرواﺒط وﺘﻨظـﻴم ووﻓـرة اﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺎت وﻫـﻲ ﻛﻠﻬـﺎ ذات أﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤـﺎت وﺤـﻝ المسائل
La Lingua dei Segni Italiana (LIS) nella scuola: la prospettiva bilingue ed embodied come risorsa inclusiva per alunni sordi e udenti a partire dai contesti educativi zero-sei
Authors: Mignosi Elena 
Published: May 2024

Presence of deaf pupils in school, starting from nursery and kindergarten, constitutes a great opportunity to reflect on the inclusion processes and to conceive and experiment pedagogical and methodological-didactic innovations that are enriching for all children, as it involves different interrelated areas, first of all the linguistic-communicative one, essential for cognitive, emotional and relational development, and central to the teaching-learning processes. It also sheds new light on the specifics of human communication, deepening the role of body and space in the intersubjective relationship, adopting a multimodal and embodied perspective. Therefore it promotes, in parallel, new ways of mediation and conducting activities by educators and teachers , not only in pre-school contexts, but also in every eduacational level. In the article I will therefore try to show why, as far as deaf children are concerned, the pedagogical perspective cannot be separated from developmental psychology, psycholinguistics, neurosciences and the historical-cultural perspective. I will then deepen the possible methodological choices if a bilingual perspective is adopted and the achievable objectives for both deaf and hearing children.
PENERAPAN METODE K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR UNTUK MENGKLASIFIKASIKAN KUALITAS BIJI PALA BERDASARKAN FITUR BENTUK DAN TEKSTUR
Authors: La Lengo Arni , Ibrahim Adelina , . Santosa , Hamid Mustamin 
Published: May 2024

Tanaman pala asli Indonesia ini telah lama digunakan sebagai rempah-rempah dan merupakan sumber minyak atsiri yang penting dan dibutuhkan dalam berbagai industri, antara lain makanan, obat-obatan, parfum, kosmetik, dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi atau mengklasifikasikan kualitas biji pala berdasarkan bentuk dan tekstur dengan teknologi pengolahan citra digital yang menggunakan metode K- Nearest Neighbor (K-NN). Hasil uji coba menunjukan metode K- Nearest Neighbor mampu melakukan klasifikasi kualitas biji pala dengan baik. Pada proses training menggunakan sebanyak 180 data dan pada proses testing menggunakan sebanyak 60 citra. Masing-masing biji pala menggunakan 20 testing data dan diperoleh nilai akurasi pala keriput 90%, pala mulus 90%, dan pala pecah 100%, Sehingga keberhasilan dari sistem pendeteksian kualitas biji pala menggunakan metode K-Nearest Neighbor sebesar 93,33%. Pengklasifikasian mutu benih pala dan merekomendasikan mutu terbaik untuk diekspor dapat dilakukan berdasarkan nilai keberhasilan sistem ini.Kata Kunci: klasifikasi, biji pala, keriput, mulus, pecah, K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN)
Voice of Automatic Translation Work Versus Transcreation Work
Authors: Qatrinnada Silvia , Nuraini Kristi 
Published: May 2024

This study aims to find out the correlation between automatic translation work and transcreation work in translating some messages. Particularly in the context of style when translating from Indonesian to English. The analysis focuses on the relationship between translation procedures and the type of adaptation in translation. This study uses qualitative methods and descriptive analysis to explain the meaning in translation and transcreation in order to see advantages and disadvantages from automatic translation and transcreation for better understanding the different perspectives. Findings show that the data from Google Accelerator Playbook found eight translation procedures proposed by Newmark, which includes word-for-word translation, Literal Translation, Naturalization, Transposition, Descriptive Equivalent, Modulation, Cultural Equivalent and Transference. The discussion and analysis of the translation procedures related to the concept of transcreation and adaptation that generally affect the meaning of target language. However, the concept and type of adaptation in the transcreation are still equivalent to the applied translation procedures. The results show that there is a correlation between automatic translation and transcreation in particular context and type. This process is to omit any translation errors in the translation tool and create an accurate translation of the source text by seeing the concept of the transcreation process.
The Relationship Of Motivation With Nurses' Performance
Authors: Maemunah Neni , Susmini Susmini , Bili Rustiana Nona 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The high commitment of nurses in providing optimal health services to patients is an illustration of the seriousness of nurses to maintain the quality of services provided by hospitals. The aim of the research is todetermine the relationship between motivation and performance commitment of nurses.Methods: The research design used cross sectional. The research population was 65 nurses with a sample size of 56 nurses. Samples were taken using simple random sampling technique. The independent variable is motivation, the dependent variable is nurse performance commitment. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Data analysis used Fisher's exact test.Results: The results of this research show that the majority of respondents have motivation in the good category, some respondents have performance in the good category and there is a relationship between motivation and the performance commitment of nurses with a value of p value = ( 0.018) (0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between motivation and performance commitment of nurses. Factors that affect motivation and performance, namely workload and length of work can be used as topics for future researchKeywords: Motivation, Performance Commitment, Hospitals, Nurses.
Detecting Population III Stars through Tidal Disruption Events in the Era of JWST and Roman
Authors: Kar Chowdhury Rudrani , Chang Janet N. Y. , Dai Lixin , Natarajan Priyamvada 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The first-generation metal-free stars, referred to as Population III (Pop III) stars, are believed to be the first objects to form out of the pristine gas in the very early Universe. Pop III stars have different structures from the current generation of stars and are important for generating heavy elements and shaping subsequent star formation. However, it is very challenging to directly detect Pop III stars given their high redshifts and short lifetimes. In this Letter, we propose a novel method for detecting Pop III stars through their tidal disruption events (TDEs) by massive black holes. We model the emission properties and calculate the expected rates for these unique TDEs in the early Universe at z ∼ 10. We find that Pop III star TDEs have much higher mass fallback rates and longer evolution timescales compared to solar-type star TDEs in the local Universe, which enhances the feasibility of their detection, although a good survey strategy will be needed for categorizing these sources as transients. We further demonstrate that a large fraction of the flare emissions are redshifted to infrared wavelengths, which can be detected by the JWST and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman). Last but not least, we find a promising Pop III star TDE detection rate of up to a few tens per year using Roman, based on our current understanding of the black hole mass function in the early Universe.