bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiphoton Flow Cytometry to Assess Intrinsic and Extrinsic Fluorescence in Cellular Aggregates: Applications to Stem Cells
Authors: Buschke David G. , Squirrell Jayne M. , Ansari Hidayath , Smith Michael A. , Rueden Curtis T. , Williams Justin C. , Lyons Gary E. , Kamp Timothy J. , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Ogle Brenda M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDetection and tracking of stem cell state are difficult due to insufficient means for rapidly screening cell state in a noninvasive manner. This challenge is compounded when stem cells are cultured in aggregates or three-dimensional (3D) constructs because living cells in this form are difficult to analyze without disrupting cellular contacts. Multiphoton laser scanning microscopy is uniquely suited to analyze 3D structures due to the broad tunability of excitation sources, deep sectioning capacity, and minimal phototoxicity but is throughput limited. A novel multiphoton fluorescence excitation flow cytometry (MPFC) instrument could be used to accurately probe cells in the interior of multicell aggregates or tissue constructs in an enhanced-throughput manner and measure corresponding fluorescent properties. By exciting endogenous fluorophores as intrinsic biomarkers or exciting extrinsic reporter molecules, the properties of cells in aggregates can be understood while the viable cellular aggregates are maintained. Here we introduce a first generation MPFC system and show appropriate speed and accuracy of image capture and measured fluorescence intensity, including intrinsic fluorescence intensity. Thus, this novel instrument enables rapid characterization of stem cells and corresponding aggregates in a noninvasive manner and could dramatically transform how stem cells are studied in the laboratory and utilized in the clinic.
On endoscopy and the refined Gross–Prasad conjecture for (SO5, SO4)
Authors: Gan Wee Teck , Ichino Atsushi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe prove an explicit formula for periods of certain automorphic forms on SO5× SO4along the diagonal subgroup SO4in terms ofL-values. Our formula also involves a quantity from the theory of endoscopy, as predicted by the refined Gross–Prasad conjecture.
A p-adic analogue of the Borel regulator and the Bloch–Kato exponential map
Authors: Huber Annette , Kings Guido 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper we define a p-adic analogue of the Borel regulator for the K-theory of p-adic fields. The van Est isomorphism in the construction of the classical Borel regulator is replaced by the Lazard isomorphism. The main result relates this p-adic regulator to the Bloch–Kato exponential and the Soulé regulator. On the way we give a new description of the Lazard isomorphism for certain formal groups. We also show that the Soulé regulator is induced by continuous and even analytic classes.
Function-specific response to depletion of microbial diversity
Authors: Peter Hannes , Beier Sara , Bertilsson Stefan , Lindström Eva S , Langenheder Silke , Tranvik Lars J 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Recent meta-analyses suggest that ecosystem functioning increases with biodiversity, but contradictory results have been presented for some microbial functions. Moreover, observations of only one function underestimate the functional role of diversity because of species-specific trade-offs in the ability to carry out different functions. We examined multiple functions in batch cultures of natural freshwater bacterial communities with different richness, achieved by a dilution-to-extinction approach. Community composition was assessed by molecular fingerprinting of 16S rRNA and chitinase genes, representing the total community and a trait characteristic for a functional group, respectively. Richness was positively related to abundance and biomass, negatively correlated to cell volumes and unrelated to maximum intrinsic growth rate. The response of chitin and cellulose degradation rates depended on the presence of a single phylotype. We suggest that species identity and community composition rather than richness matters for specific microbial processes.
Synthesized Speech Output and Children: A Scoping Review
Authors: Drager Kathryn D. R. , Reichle Joe , Pinkoski Carrie 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
Many computer-based augmentative and alternative communication systems in use by children have speech output. This article (a) provides a scoping review of the literature addressing the intelligibility and listener comprehension of synthesized speech output with children and (b) discusses future research directions.

Method
Studies investigating synthesized speech intelligibility and/or comprehension with children as listeners were systematically identified and coded according to their objectives and methodology.

Results
Ten studies were identified. They were organized according to the following variables: intelligibility variables related to the stimuli (context and rate), intelligibility variables related to aspects of the listener (age of the child, the language or languages spoken by the listener, experience, and practice effects), and comprehension. Each of these factors—and the research support with child participants—was discussed.

Conclusions
Overall, there is a paucity of research investigating synthesized speech for use with children. Available evidence suggests that children produce similar trends but lower levels of intelligibility performance when compared with adults. Future areas of applied research are required to adequately define this relationship and the variables that may contribute to improving the intelligibility and comprehension of synthesized speech for children.
A Microeconometric Analysis of Adapting Portfolios to Climate Change: Adoption of Agricultural Systems in Latin America
Authors: Seo S. Niggol 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper develops a microeconometric analysis of adapting portfolios in response to climate change using information on South American farmers' adoption of agricultural systems taken from approximately 2,000 household surveys. The results show that farmers in a hotter climate prefer a mixed system over specialized systems either in crops or livestock. Under a hot and dry scenario, the land values of all three systems would fall, but the damage would be much smaller in the mixed system (−10%) than for the farms specializing in crops (−20%). Farmers are predicted to lose 8% of their land's value under the Canadian Climatic Center (CCC) scenario, but only 2% under the Parallel Climate Model (PCM). Losses would increase to 18% if they do not adapt.
Ultra-fast FFT protein docking on graphics processors
Authors: Ritchie David W. , Venkatraman Vishwesh 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Modelling protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is an increasingly important aspect of structural bioinformatics. However, predicting PPIs using in silico docking techniques is computationally very expensive. Developing very fast protein docking tools will be useful for studying large-scale PPI networks, and could contribute to the rational design of new drugs.
Results: The Hex spherical polar Fourier protein docking algorithm has been implemented on Nvidia graphics processor units (GPUs). On a GTX 285 GPU, an exhaustive and densely sampled 6D docking search can be calculated in just 15 s using multiple 1D fast Fourier transforms (FFTs). This represents a 45-fold speed-up over the corresponding calculation on a single CPU, being at least two orders of magnitude times faster than a similar CPU calculation using ZDOCK 3.0.1, and estimated to be at least three orders of magnitude faster than the GPU-accelerated version of PIPER on comparable hardware. Hence, for the first time, exhaustive FFT-based protein docking calculations may now be performed in a matter of seconds on a contemporary GPU. Three-dimensional Hex FFT correlations are also accelerated by the GPU, but the speed-up factor of only 2.5 is much less than that obtained with 1D FFTs. Thus, the Hex algorithm appears to be especially well suited to exploit GPUs compared to conventional 3D FFT docking approaches.
Availability: http://hex.loria.fr/ and http://hexserver.loria.fr/
Contact: dave.ritchie@loria.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products levels are related to ischaemic aetiology and extent of coronary disease in chronic heart failure patients, independent of advanced glycation end products levels
Authors: Raposeiras‐Roubín Sergio , Rodiño‐Janeiro Bruno K. , Grigorian‐Shamagian Lilian , Moure‐González María , Seoane‐Blanco Ana , Varela‐Román Alfonso , Alvarez Ezequiel , González‐Juanatey José R. 
Published: August 2010

AimsKnowledge of the role of advanced glycation end products (AGE), their receptor (RAGE), and the receptor's soluble form (sRAGE), in heart failure (HF) is very limited. We evaluated the clinical role of the AGE–RAGE system in HF and in particular any association it might have with ischaemic aetiology.Methods and resultsWe measured fluorescent AGE, glycated albumin and sRAGE in 103 patients with chronic HF. We showed that sRAGE but not AGE was related to ischaemic aetiology (1638.3 ± 207.4 ischaemic vs. 1065.1 ± 94.2 pg/mL non‐ischaemic group; P =0.016) independent of age, sex, diabetes, renal function, clinical severity, or other variables (OR: 1.091; 95% CI (confidence interval): 1.032–1.153; P =0.007). Moreover, sRAGE was directly associated with extent of coronary disease (OR for three vessel disease compared with non‐coronary lesions: 1.186; 95% CI: 1.065–1.322; P =0.002). We also found a correlation between sRAGE and severity of HF, which increased with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (741.9 ± 88.9 pg/mL in class 1, 1195.9 ± 113.2 pg/mL in class II, and 1724.8 ± 245.7 pg/mL in class III (P < 0.05)) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels (667.4 ± 68.0 vs. 1344.5 ± 126.0 pg/mL for BNP < and ≥400 pg/mL, respectively).ConclusionsRAGE is an indicator of chronic heart failure severity and an independent marker of coronary artery disease and its severity in patients with CHF.
On the relationship between squid and the environment: artisanal jigging for Loligo plei at São Sebastião Island (24°S), southeastern Brazil
Authors: Postuma Felippe A. , Gasalla Maria A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPostuma, F. A., and Gasalla, M. A. 2010. On the relationship between squid and the environment: artisanal jigging for Loligo plei at São Sebastião Island (24°S), southeastern Brazil. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1353–1362. The squid Loligo plei concentrates in the southeastern Brazil Bight, where it has traditionally supported small-scale fisheries around São Sebastião Island (SSI). Sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a (Chl a), windspeed, wave height, rainfall, and lunar phase are related to fishing records and to the results of a survey of local fishers to investigate how they believe environmental variables might affect catches of L. plei. Daily fishery-dependent data over the years 2005–2009 were obtained from a fishing cooperative and were matched with satellite and meteorological forecast data. Generalized linear models were used to explore the significance of environmental variables in relation to variability in catch and catch per unit effort (cpue). Squid are fished with jigs in water shallower than 20 m, generally where SST is warmer and Chl a and windspeed are lower. Cpue and monthly catches decreased from 2005 to 2008, followed by a slight increase in 2009. The correlations between fishery and environmental data relate well to fishers' oceanological knowledge, underscoring the potential of incorporating such knowledge into evaluations of the fishery.
CARBON ALLOCATION IN MACROCYSTIS PYRIFERA (PHAEOPHYTA): INTRINSIC VARIABILITY IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION1
Authors: Arnold Keith E. , Manley Steven L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTMeasurements of net photosynthesis (PS, O2 evolution), dark respiration (R, O2 consumption), and light and dark carbon fixation (14C) were conducted on whole blades, isolated blade discs, sporophylls, apical scimitars and representative portions of stipe and holdfast of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera L.C. Ag.On a dry weight basis, highest net PS rates were observed in apical scimitar segments and whole blades (3.81 and 3.07 mgC · g dry wt−1· h−1, respectively), followed by sporophylls (1.42 mgC·g dry wt−1· h−1) and stipe segments (0.15 mgC·g dry wt−1· h−1). No PS capacity was observed in holdfast material. Respiration rates showed similar ranking ranging from 1.22 mgC·g dry wt−1·h−1 for apical scimitar to 0.18–0.22 mgC·g dry wt−1· h−1 for holdfast material. Considerable within blade variability in both PS and R was also found. Steepest PS and R gradients on both an areal and weight basis were found within immature blades followed by senescent and mature blade material. Highest net PS rates were associated with the blade tips ranging from 3.08 (mature blades) to 10.3 mgC·dry wt−1·h−1 (immature blades). Highest rates of R generally occurred towards the basal portions of blades and ranged from 1.03–1.80 mgC·g dry wt−1·h−1 for immature blades. The variability within and between blades was high, with coefficients of variation approaching 50%. The observed patterns can be related to the decreasing proportionment of photosynthetic tissue and increasing proportionment of structural tissue as occurs from the blade tip to the blade base. Rates of light carbon fixation (LCF) revealed longitudinal profiles similar to oxygen measurements for the different blade types, with the absolute rates being slightly lower. Patterns of dark carbon fixation (DCF) were less easily interpreted. Highest rates of DCF (0.04–0.06 mgC·g dry wt−1·h−1) occurred at the basal portions of immature and senescent blades. Longitudinal profiles of total chlorophyll (a + c) on both an areal and weight basis were very similar to the profiles of PS. Normalized to chlorophyll a, PS displayed an unusual longitudinal profile in immature tissue; however, such profiles for mature and senescent tissues were similar to those for PS on an areal basis.It was demonstrated that it is difficult, if not impossible, to select single tissue discs that are representative of whole blades. The metabolic longitudinal profiles reveal a characteristic developmental pattern; the previous working definitions of immature, mature, and senescent blades, based on morphology and frond position thus have a physiological basis.
Sexual abuse: giving help to the children: A practical guide for concerned proiessionals
Authors: DOYLE CELIA 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY. This paper has been written for those professional workers who may have to deal with situations involving child sexual abuse, while having only limited knowledge and training.There are two sections. The first examines some of the key issues needed to increase understanding, and includes a preliminary discussion on the emotional impact of sexual abuse on Professional workers. Following a clarification of definitions, family aspects and incidence, this section focuses first on the child victims and then on the perpetrator. Finally, there is an examination of the consequences of child sexual abuse.The second section gives guidance on how a professional worker might respond if confronted with a case—from recognising the signs to facilitating disclosure. Suggestions are made about supporting the child during the investigation and heaving the child afterwards.
Family trends, insecurities and social policy
Authors: WICKS MALCOLM 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIf a decent childhood, and a good start to adulthood, depend on a secure — and financially sound — family life, then very many children in Britain are in serious difficulties. This major theme is presented in the context of a review of social and economic developments affecting all families with children. The paper also briefly discusses issues concerning the rights and responsibilities of families, at a time when these issues are coming to the fore in British politics, with interest in the concept of ‘active citizenship’ and the responsible community.
Joint police and social work investigations in child abuse: a practice example from Central Scotland
Authors: FINDLAY COLIN 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY. In this issue of Children & Society, there are two articles on the joint Social Work Department and Central Scotland Police initiative, begun in 1989, for joint investigations of child abuse referrals. The second paper is an evaluation of the scheme.This first paper gives a brief description of the operation of joint investigations involving police and social workers with a discussion on strengths and weaknesses of the joint approach. The author goes on to focus on some of the difficulties which emerge in child protection systems which are characterised by adherence to procedural guidelines and which are further characterised by the strong influence of centralised management. Such a view may have applicability to other parts of Scotland and the U.K. and may be recognisable, too, to professionals further a field. This article is based on a presentation to the 8th International Congress on Child Abuse and Neglect, Hamburg, 1990.
The genetic control of arylesterase activity in the serum of Gotland Sheep
Authors: Gahne B. , Göransson M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryEsterase activity was determined in 955 serum samples of Gotland sheep. The activities showed a wide range and could be distinguished in six types. Family data were in agreement with the theory of three multiple alleles controlling the esterase activities (Lee, 1966). The following gene frequencies were estimated: Esa= 0.15, Esb= 0.75 and Esc= 0.10. The Esa allele controlled an enzym with high hydrolysis rate of α‐naphthyl acetate, medium high of β‐naphthyl acetate and low of indophenyl acetate. The enzym controlled by the Esb allele had medium high hydrolysis rate of α‐ and β‐naphthyl acetate and relatively high of indophenyl acetate. The enzym of the Esc allele had low activities for all three substrates. The hydrolysis rate was increased by the addition of calcium. In starch‐gel electrophoresis the esterase types could be divided in four groups due to the staining intensity of the arylesterase zone but no difference in migration rates was observed.
Blood group complexity: the Pm locus in Peromyscus maniculatus1
Authors: Savage E. , Cameron D. G. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe Pm blood group system in Peromyscus maniculatus was originally described by Rasmussen as consisting of two co‐dominant alleles, PmA and PmB, responsible for the antigenic characteristics A and B. This paper describes two additional antisera, anti‐C and anti‐X, which expand this system and show it to be serologically complex. Anti‐X is comprised of antibodies directed against at least two antigenic characteristics X‘ and X“. Four and possibly six alleles are described by the four antisera. Different subspecies exhibit different spectra of alleles at the Pm locus. A segregation distortion is evidenced.
Genetic relationships of Austrian cattle breeds
Authors: Kidd Kenneth K. , Pirchner Franz 
Published: August 2010

SummaryMethods of phylogenetic analysis were used to study the relationships of ten Central European cattle breeds using gene frequencies at eleven blood group and protein polymorphism loci. The results show remarkable agreement with historical and geographical relationships, but are different from the relationships postulated earlier in the century from studies of skull shape. Lowland cattle of Northern Germany are distinct from the West Alpine breeds, but the Pustertaler and Pinzgauer breeds from the Eastern Alps are more closely related to those lowland breeds than to the other Alpine breeds, suggesting they were brought from the North by Germanic settlers in the early Middle Ages. Thus, a sharp distinction between lowland cattle and all Alpine breeds seems unwarranted. Moreover, we find no evidence to justify a unique taxonomic position for Pustertaler, nor do we find any evidence that Spanish cattle might have influenced the Pinzgau. We find a close genetic relationship of the Murbodner breed to the Fleckvieh (Simmenthal) breeds that is not supported by any known historical relationship; it may indicate a little‐known human migration.
Two erythrocytic lactate dehydrogenase variants in the house mouse, Mus musculus
Authors: Martin J. E. , Petras M. L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTwo erythrocytic LDH variants have been found in the house mouse, Mus musculus. One, involving the presence and absence of the next to the slowest electrophoretically separable isozyme, is controlled by a regulatory locus which may be similar to Ldr‐1 (Shows and Ruddle, 1968). The second appears to be indirectly controlled by the Hbb locus and may be attributed to the accumulation of a storage product in the lysates. Ldr‐1 is polymorphic in natural populations of the house mouse.
Variation in the haemolytic rate of red cells in cattle
Authors: Sellei Josef 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA colorimetric method was used to study the variations in the haemolytic rates between red cells from different individuals and with different blood factors. Marked differences were observed between the heterozygous and homozygous genotypes of 18 out of 20 different blood factors and between the B1 or E3factors, when they occurred in heterozygous genotypes but in different phenogroups. Between MZ twin pairs a continuous variation was found in the haemolytic rates for 17 out of 18 different blood factors, which indicated a quantitative genetic variation depending on individuality, in addition to the dosage‐ and pheotype‐dependent variation.The similar rankings of the haemolytic rates of the blood factors of the B1O3Y2A'E3phenotype in red cells from 11 MZ twin pairs suggested their simultaneous regulation. When the haemolytic rates of different blood factors at four or more loci were compared for 15 MZ twin pairs, the ranking results of a given locus were independent of those of the other loci in all pairs, except one.
Isolation and partial characterization of polymorphic prealbumins from chicken egg yolk and serum
Authors: Stratil A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPolymorphic prealbumins (Pa A, Pa AB and Pa B) from hen's egg yolk (Gallus gallus L.) were isolated by gel filtration. Prealbumin was homogeneous on immunoelectro‐phoresis, gel filtration, and ion‐exchange chromatography, but heterogeneous on starch gel electrophoresis (five bands). The heterogeneity could be removed by neuraminidase treatment. Some physical and chemical properties were determined, namely molecular weight (19,500), N‐terminal amino acid (aspartic acid), isoelectric point (pH 4.6‐4.7), A1%1cm,280nm value (18.5), absorption spectrum, solubility at different conditions, and the effect of heating. Amino acid composition was estimated too, and the presence of about 4% hexose was proved.
Phosphoglucomutase polymorphism in Swedish horses
Authors: Bengtsson S. , Sandberg K. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPolymorphism of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in horse erythrocytes was studied by means of starch gel electrophoresis.Three different phenotypes, F, FS and S, were found. Family data supported the genetic theory of two autosomal, codominant alleles PGMF and PGMS controlling the variation.The gene frequencies were estimated to 0.28 and 0.72, respectively, in the North‐Swedish Horse breed and to 0.13 and 0.87, respectively, in the Swedish Trotter Breed.The probabilities of excluding a falsely assigned stallion in the PGM system were calculated to 0.16 and 0.10, respectively, in the two breeds.