bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractional slot permanent magnet brushless machines and drives for electric and hybrid propulsion systems
Authors: Zhu Zi‐Qiang 
Published: January 2011

PurposeFractional slot permanent magnet (PM) brushless machines having concentrated non‐overlapping windings have been the subject of research over last few years. They have already been employed in the commercial hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) due to high‐torque density, high efficiency, low‐torque ripple, good flux‐weakening and fault‐tolerance performance. The purpose of this paper is to overview recent development and research challenges in such machines in terms of various structural and design features for electric vehicle (EV)/HEV applications.Design/methodology/approachIn the paper, fractional slot PM brushless machines are overviewed according to the following main and sub‐topics: first, machine topologies: slot and pole number combinations, all and alternate teeth wound (double‐ and single‐layer windings), unequal tooth structure, modular stator, interior magnet rotor; second, machine parameters and control performance: winding inductances, flux‐weakening capability, fault‐tolerant performance; and third, parasitic effects: cogging torque, iron loss, rotor eddy current loss, unbalanced magnetic force, acoustic noise and vibration.FindingsMany fractional slot PM machine topologies exist. Owing to rich mmf harmonics, fractional slot PM brushless machines exhibit relatively high rotor eddy current loss, potentially high unbalanced magnetic force and acoustic noise and vibration, while the reluctance torque component is relatively low or even negligible when an interior PM rotor is employed.Originality/valueThis is the first overview paper which systematically reviews the recent development and research challenges in fractional‐slot PM machines. It summarizes their various structural and design features for EV/HEV applications.
Design and analysis of a new outer‐rotor permanent‐magnet flux‐switching machine for electric vehicle propulsion
Authors: Fei Wei‐Zhong , Shen Jian‐Xin , Wang Can‐Fei , Chi‐Kwong Luk Patrick 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new outer‐rotor permanent‐magnet flux‐switching machine (ORPMFSM) for electric vehicle (EV) in‐wheel propulsion. The paper documents both the design procedure and performance investigation of this novel machine.Design/methodology/approachThe topology and preliminary sizing equations of the ORPMFSM are introduced. The rotor poles are optimized, whilst the machine losses are particularly investigated, using 2‐D finite element analysis (FEA).FindingsAn ORPMFSM, with 12 stator poles and 22 rotor poles, is most suitable for the proposed EV application. The analytical sizing equations are quite efficient with a sufficient accuracy for the preliminary design. The optimal rotor pole width from the FEA results is nearly 1.3 times the original value which was proposed in early literatures. The efficiency of the proposed machine under rated load is slightly low, as a result of significant eddy current losses in the permanent magnets. The losses can be effectively suppressed with the technique of magnet segmenting. The predicted outstanding performance implies that by adopting magnet segmentation the proposed machine is a leading contender for EV direct drives.Originality/valueThe outer‐rotor structure of PMFSM was not addressed in early literatures. This paper provides designers with the technical background and an alternative candidate for the EV propulsion.
Electromagnetic performance analysis and vector control of a flux‐controllable stator‐permanent‐magnet brushless motor with skewed rotor
Authors: Cheng Ming , Zhu Xiaoyong 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to model, analyze and control a new flux‐controllable stator‐permanent‐magnet brushless (PMBL) motor with skewed rotor.Design/methodology/approachA new flux‐controllable stator‐PMBL motor with skewed rotor is presented. The key of the proposed motor is to incorporate both direct current field windings and permanent magnets in the stator. By using a 2D multi‐slice finite element model, the electromagnetic performances such as flux linkage, self‐inductance and back‐EMF are obtained. To minimize the torque ripple, a vector control strategy is applied to the stator‐PMBL motor drive for the first time.FindingsSome encouraging experimental results such as lower torque ripple and faster speed transients are achieved. It is shown that the three‐phase flux‐controllable stator‐PMBL motor, when properly designed and controlled, is an interesting candidate for traction drive systems especially for electrical vehicle operation.Originality/valueThe control method can also contribute the other type of stator‐PMBL machines to realize the low torque ripple.
Coil connections and winding factors in flux‐switching PM brushless AC machines
Authors: Chen Jin‐Tao , Zhu Zi‐Qiang 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the phase coil connections and winding factors of flux‐switching permanent magnet (FSPM) brushless AC machines with all poles and alternate poles wound, and different combinations of stator and rotor pole numbers.Design/methodology/approachThe coil‐emf vectors, which are widely used for analyzing the conventional fractional‐slot PM machines with non‐overlapping windings, are employed for FSPM machines.FindingsAlthough the coil‐emf vectors have been employed to obtain coil connections in the conventional fractional‐slot PM machines, they are different in FSPM machines. It is mainly due to different polarities in the stator of FSPM machines. In addition, from the coil‐emf vectors it is able to predict whether the back‐emf waveforms are symmetrical or asymmetric.Originality/valueThis is the first time that coil‐emf vectors are used to determine the coil connections and winding factors in FSPM machines with different topologies and combination of stator and rotor pole numbers.
Interior permanent magnet integrated starter‐alternator
Authors: Alberti Luigi , Barcaro Massimo , Bianchi Nicola , Bolognani Silverio , Bon Diego , Castiello Mosè , Faggion Adriano , Fornasiero Emanuele , Sgarbossa Luca 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to present a complete design example of an interior permanent magnet integrated starter‐alternator (ISA).Design/methodology/approachAfter a preliminary design on the basis of an analytical model, finite element simulations are adopted to refine the design of the machine.FindingsThe designed ISA drive is able to satisfy all the requirements of modern cars, where the power of the electrical generators is increasing to deliver the on‐board power demand. The drive exhibits high torque, driving start, and a wide constant power speed range driving generation.Originality/valueThe entire system design is considered in the paper, both the electrical machine and the control strategy.
Electromechanical system with IPM motor used in electric or hybrid vehicle
Authors: Ombach Grzegorz 
Published: January 2011

PurposeIn the last few years, the understanding of environmental problems has grown. Car producers – original equipment manufacturers – are aiming to reduce fuel consumption and pollution. In order to fulfil these aims, new technologies have been launched. Many hydraulics systems have been removed and replaced with electric ones, e.g. power steering, water and oil pump, etc. In this paper, an electromechanical subsystem used in an automotive application is analyzed. The subsystem is composed of interior permanent synchronous magnet motor and electronic control unit. The range of mechanical output power for studied system is up to 1 kW. The aim of this paper is to compare electromechanical systems working with different on‐board voltage levels in order to find the optimum balance between motors' and electronics' efficiency. This will help to decrease the total system's weight, the consequence of which will decrease fuel consumption and reduce CO2 emissions.Design/methodology/approachDuring the analysis, the reduced order modelling (ROM) techniques has been applied. First, with utilization of finite‐elemente‐methode the basic motor's parameter like: synchronous inductance and flux per pole as a function of the direct‐axis current and also the quadrature‐axis current are calculated. In the second step, these parameters are used in the system simulation. During this simulation, the maximum torque per ampere control strategy together with ROM techniques was used.FindingsAs a result, the performance of the system for different voltage levels has been obtained. Additionally, the important factors for an electromechanical system, such as maximum power density, sizing and cost of the total electromechanical system, have been compared.Practical implicationsThe performed comparison shows that the cost optimized system should work with the higher voltage, where the electric motor size is reduced ca. 25 per cent. This result is also valid for different electromechanical systems in an automotive area, e.g. automated manual transmission, engine cooling and electric compressor.Originality/valueIt is the first paper, where electric power steering system design for different on‐board voltage levels has been systematically analyzed and compared. Results from this paper can be also applied to different electromechanical systems mounted in hybrid or electric cars.
Adjustable speed hybrid wind‐diesel generation system
Authors: Iwanski Grzegorz 
Published: January 2011

PurposeWind‐diesel sets offered as a reliable hybrid isolated power systems with reduction of fuel consumption, consists of variable speed wind turbines and fixed speed diesel engines. Load and wind energy variations cause, that the load power of the diesel genset is varied in wide range. Fixed speed generation set operates with the best efficiency only in a narrow range of the load, therefore implementation of a load adaptive, adjustable speed genset may additionally reduce fuel consumption.Design/methodology/approachAnalysis of the system components model, simulation and laboratory tests on a small‐scale model.FindingsTopology and output voltage control method of four‐wire adjustable speed autonomous wind‐diesel system dedicated for isolated power plants with high wind penetration.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper presents only part of the work which has to be done for the complete system. Load and energy management has to be applied in standalone system, as not in each operating point of proposed wind‐diesel system, can rated load be supplied. To fully prove the proposed system and control concept, tests of megawatt range system are advisable. To evaluate the fuel saving, a real wind and load profile in a selected isolated place is needed.Practical implicationsEvery adjustable speed generation systems can save fuel. However, proposed topology in main part consists of known and implemented solutions, therefore costs of the new installation will not be increased significantly.Originality/valueProposed costs effective topology of adjustable speed wind‐diesel generation system has not been presented by any other authors. Standalone operation of doubly fed induction generator system is rarely reported in the papers.
An improved model and its applied adaptive control for power turbine generator
Authors: Matsui Nobumasa , Kurokawa Fujio , Shiraishi Keiichi 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an improved model and its applied adaptive controller for a waste heat recovery generation system using a power turbine generator (PTG) with an accurate model on shipboard that is employed by an identification method on the basis of an overall system model.Design/methodology/approachThe PTG system has been developed as a waste heat recovery type generation system making use of exhaust gas from the main shipboard diesel engines. Conventionally, control of a plant is exercised using the proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID)‐based controller. The PID controller, however, is difficult to keep in place because of fouling conditions and variations across time. Thus, the load bank controller is proposed using a PID‐based controller. The controller should take into account both the fouling conditions and variations across time because the exhaust gas contains considerable amounts of ash and soot. Hence, an accurate model needs to improve the dynamic characteristics of the PTG system. The identification method clarifies the PTG system. The unknown parameters of the PTG speed model can be estimated using the prediction error method after the mathematical model is transferred to the state‐space model.FindingsSimulation results are verified with measured data of a prototype. In the transient response of the PTG speed, all the errors are within 0.23 percent. The proposed model using the identification method shows the error between the accurate model and the standard to be less than 10 percent. The proposed controller is evaluated by comparing it with the conventional controller. As a result of using the proposed controller, limit speed overshooting is improved by more than 25 percent. Hence, the proposed model is confirmed to have excellent property.Originality/valueThe PTG is an extremely effective system for fuel cost reduction in the face of rising fuel prices, and systems capable of providing several thousand kilowatts are being considered.
Steady‐state operation of the brushless cascaded doubly fed machine: a survey
Authors: Jallali Faïçal , Bouchhima Afef , Masmoudi Ahmed 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the steady‐state stability and features of the brushless cascaded doubly fed machine (BCDFM), which is made up of two wound‐rotor induction machines: the power machine (PM) and the control one, with their rotors mechanically and electrically coupled.Design/methodology/approachThe machine modelling is first treated considering a Park reference frame linked to the rotating field of the PM. Then, a state representation related to small perturbations is established following the linearisation of the BCDFM model around a steady‐state operating point. This allows the investigation of BCDFM steady‐state stability, power flow and the torque‐speed characteristics.FindingsIt has been found that the electrical variables of the control machine greatly affect the BCDFM steady‐state stability and characteristics.Research limitations/implicationsThe work should be extended considering a validation of the established results through experimental tests.Originality/valueThe steady‐state small perturbation of the BCDFM model has been introduced for the first time, which is the key of the machine steady‐stability analysis and features investigation.
Wind power integration in hybrid power system with active energy management
Authors: Tankari Mahamadou Abdou , Camara Mamadou Bailo , Brayima Dakyo , Cristian Nichita 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe wind speed is very fluctuant and contains a significant energy. Taking into account the turbulent component in the energy management would increase the profitability of the wind‐diesel hybrid system. Sometimes, a diesel generator is used to compensate the requested energy but the storage devices are required to prevent disturbances induced by the wind generator current on the DC‐bus. The purpose of this paper is to show how the battery and flywheel (or ultracapacitors (UCs)) are used to mitigate the fluctuations of the wind generator current. The proposed method is based on the filtering of the wind generator current. The high power density sources (flywheel and UCs) are used in aims to improve the batteries' lifetime, which is estimated, in this paper, by using the rainflow cycles counting method. Spectral studies are made and the simulation and experimental results are analyzed.Design/methodology/approachThis study is organized according to the following main and sub‐topics: wind speed characteristics, hybrid system energy management, behavioral simulations results, spectral analysis and batteries' lifetime estimation and experimental setup and results.FindingsThe simulations results highlight the interest in using a second‐order filter. The experimental results show that the fluctuations induced by the wind generator current are effectively mitigated by the storage devices.Originality/valueThe spectral analysis of the current for different filters parameters is realized and the application of the rainflow cycles counting method, in this context, is presented. This paper is interesting for the experimental hybrid system design according to the method proposed to control the DC‐DC converters.
Control of power converters for microgrids
Authors: Vechiu Ionel , Curea Octavian , Llaria Alvaro , Camblong Haritza 
Published: January 2011

PurposeNowadays, distributed generation and microgrids (MGs) are becoming an important research line because of their peculiar characteristics. MGs are composed of small power sources which can be renewable, placed near customer sites. Moreover, they have the inherent property of islanding: the disconnection of either the MG from the main grid or a part of a MG from the rest of the MG. The purpose of this paper is to study two different control strategies allowing grid connected and islanding operation of the MG.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the behaviour of a particular MG during grid connected and islanding operation is investigated. The studied MG is based on different energy sources: a wind turbine, a photovoltaic array, a backup diesel generator and a storage system. The renewable sources and the storage system are connected on a DC bus which is interconnected with a main grid through a voltage source inverter (VSI). The attention focuses on the control technique of the VSI during grid connected and islanding operation of the MG. The behaviour of the AC signals on the point of common coupling between the MG and the main grid as well as the DC signals on the DC bus on which are connected renewable energy sources of the MG has been investigated by simulation using a MATLAB/Simulink model.FindingsFor the investigated MG, the simulation results show that using a single master VSI and classical control strategies, it is possible to have a good power quality on the MG during grid connection and islanding operation.Originality/valueThis paper investigates the behaviour of a particular MG in order to analyse two different control strategies allowing grid connected and islanding operation.
Control design for multisource systems based on DC/DC converters duty cycle value
Authors: Badara Mboup Alioune , Guerin François , Lefebvre Dimitri , Alioune Ndiaye Pape 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a two‐level hierarchical control strategy for electrical energy transfers in multisource renewable energy systems. The aim of the control design is to perform the energy transfers, according to the sources power variations and the load characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThe controller determines the operating mode of the multisource renewable energy system and the power ratio provided by each source to satisfy the load demand. The study is based on an accurate model of the DC/DC converters coupled on the DC bus. The performance of the controller is compared with the usual method based on the measurements of the system variables with sensors (solar radiation, shaft speed, voltages, and currents).FindingsThe proposed method does not need extra sensors to measure the available power for each source.Research limitations/implicationsThe method is developed for an hybrid system with two sources (photovoltaic and lead‐acid battery bank) and specific zero voltage switch full‐bridge isolated buck DC/DC power converters but can easily extended to more sources and other classes of DC/DC converters.Practical implicationsThe method is assessed through computer simulations using a simple comprehensive model. An experimental device is also developed by the GREAH Research Group of University Le Havre (France). The GREAH also participates to a technologic centre with similar topology on the site of Fecamp (France).Social implicationsThe proposed autonomous control schema is suitable to control hybrid systems with several energy sources in remote areas.Originality/valueThe main contributions of this work are first to introduce a two stages controller and second to use the duty cycle value of the power converters as decision criteria to switch off/on the sources.
Brief view on control of grid‐interfacing AC‐DC‐AC converter and active filter under unbalanced and distorted voltage conditions
Authors: Piasecki Szymon , Jasiński Marek , Milicua Aritz 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider both sides of a back‐to‐back AC‐DC‐AC interface.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a mathematical analysis, simulation, laboratory test in scaled model.FindingsThe two main findings comprised concept of control methods for grid AC‐DC‐AC converter applied in renewable energy sources with variable speed operation under distorted grid. Active filtering functionality in case of non‐linear current of a parallel load. Second, a control algorithm dedicated for two‐level AC‐DC converter applied in industrial networks with high‐order harmonics compensation working under hard conditions – balanced and unbalanced voltage dips.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper shows preliminary results for AC‐DC‐AC converter and active filter (AF) during voltage dips and for harmonics compensation. Control methods and/or topology should be improved and tested in scale and after at high‐power system.Practical implicationsPower quality supplied/received to/from the grid can be increased. In case of low‐cost system only AF can be applied to existing non‐linear receivers. Moreover, in case of full AC‐DC‐AC converter energy saving and production is possible.Originality/valuePresented control methods give satisfactory results. Paper presents laboratory results for grid and machine side two different power circuits during steady states and transients. Moreover, active filtering operation during voltage dips is presented.
An aid for teaching hybrid propulsion systems with emphasis on their electric drive unit
Authors: Ben Rhouma Asma , Masmoudi Ahmed 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose an approach to teach to post‐graduate students the basis of hybrid propulsion systems (HPS) with emphasis on their electric drive unit.Design/methodology/approachFollowing the introduction of the basic topologies of HPS, a case study is focused with an analysis of its current features. Of particular interest, those related to the flux‐weakening range extension and the cost‐effectiveness improvement are rethought in an attempt to stimulate the innovative capabilities of the students.FindingsThe adopted methodology has been integrated in a master course and has been found attractive and informative by the students.Practical implicationsThe proposed teaching approach should be complemented by appropriate laboratory courses.Originality/valueThanks to the proposed methodology, the basis of HPS is no longer restricted to a selected population of the electrical engineering community.
Enabling a Network of Scientists: 2010 VIVO Conference
Authors: Johnson Margeaux , Buhler Amy , Holmes Kristi L. 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on the 2010 VIVO Conference.Design/methodology/approachConference report.FindingsVIVO is an open source, semantic web discovery platform for hosting information about researchers, their interests, activities, and accomplishments. The first annual VIVO Conference brought together a diverse group of researchers, developers, publishers, information system vendors, government agencies, and librarians – all united by the common goal of enabling research discovery and supporting collaboration among researchers.Originality/valueThis conference report is of interest to information professionals in academia, corporate, and governmental information centers and libraries.