bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treefall gaps required for establishment, but not survival, of invasive Rubus phoenicolasius in deciduous forest, Maryland, USA
Authors: GORCHOV DAVID L. , THOMPSON EMILY , O'NEILL JAY , WHIGHAM DENNIS , NOE DOUGLAS A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAlthough plant invasions are often associated with disturbance, localized disturbances can promote invasion either by: (i) creating sites where individuals establish; or (ii) enabling an invader to colonize the entire stand. The former is expected when both establishment and survival to reproductive age require disturbed conditions, whereas the latter should occur in systems when either establishment or survival are limited to disturbed sites. We investigated the role of localized disturbance, specifically treefalls, in the invasion of the Asian Rubus phoenicolasius in a deciduous forest in Maryland, USA. We investigated the density and demography of R. phoenicolasius in treefall gaps of various sizes, but identical age to non‐gap areas, using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analyses to identify the most important predictors. To explore how the demography of established individuals responds to disturbed versus undisturbed conditions, we carried out a garden experiment with three different levels of shade (5, 12 and 22% full sun). We found vegetative and sexual reproduction, and seedling establishment, to be limited to large gaps in an old stand, but not in a stand in an earlier age of succession. However, in the garden experiment, established plants were able to survive and grow under all shade treatments. These findings indicate that R. phoenicolasius requires disturbances such as treefalls to establish in forests, but established plants will survive canopy closure, leading to stand‐wide invasion. Managers should be able to prevent invasion, however, by inspecting large gaps for new recruits every 3 years.
Maternal antenatal body mass index gains as predictors of large‐for‐gestational‐age infants and cesarean deliveries in Japanese singleton pregnancies
Authors: Takimoto Hidemi , Sugiyama Takashi , Nozue Miho , Kusama Kaoru , Fukuoka Hideoki , Kato Noriko , Yoshiike Nobuo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  Greater antenatal weight or body mass index (BMI) gains may lead to larger fetuses and thus increase the risk for operative deliveries, such as cesarean deliveries. In order to examine the effect of weekly maternal weight and BMI changes on large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) infants and cesarean delivery, delivery records from overall healthy women were analyzed.Materials and Methods:  Singleton, term delivery records from January to December 2003, at three obstetric departments (urban, suburban, rural) in Japan (1617 records) were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied in order to estimate the effect of maternal pre‐pregnancy body size, higher maternal weight or BMI gains by calculating the odds ratios for LGA infants and cesarean deliveries.Results:  Maternal pre‐pregnancy overweight, primiparity, and BMI gains of more than 0.13 per week were independent factors positively related to LGA, and maternal underweight was negatively related. Urban hospital setting, maternal age 35 years or older, primiparity, and BMI gains of more than 0.13 per week independently increased the odds ratios for cesarean delivery. Weight or BMI gains between two‐week intervals (26–28 weeks, 32–34 weeks) were not useful for predicting either LGA or cesarean delivery. LGA was unrelated to cesarean delivery risk.Conclusions:  Applying BMI gains per week enables target weight gains to be set according to the mother's height, which may be useful in reducing risks for LGA and cesarean delivery, especially in shorter women. Further investigation may be needed to explore the practicality and effectiveness of advising women to gain weight according to their body height.
Lost in Translation? Try Second Language Learning: Understanding Movements of Ideas and Practices across Time and Space
Authors: DEMIR IPEK 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article considers interaction, negotiation and exchange across the borders of systems of knowledge, be they disciplines, moral frameworks, cultures or ideologies, by focusing on “translation” and “second language learning” as epistemic tools. It does this by first elaborating the incommensurability thesis which is centred on the notion of untranslatability. The article then proposes an alternative “epistemology of interaction”, namely the “second language learning thesis” as more suitable for describing the movement of ideas and practices across space and time. It argues that whilst translation is embedded in difficulties of one‐to‐one mappability, and at times ignorant of its role in facilitating power relations, “the second language learning thesis” aims to (1) capture the socially constituted nature of borders, interactions, transgressions, exchanges (and raids); (2) draw attention to the different types and layers of second language learning (from “pidgins” to bilingualisms) and (3) lay bare, where possible, the asymmetric nature of interactions, including epistemological and linguistic hegemony. In so doing, it turns attention to “strategies of exclusion” and “strategies of inclusion” in the policing of borders between cultures and disciplines, whether they are separated temporally or spatially.
Tocqueville, Beaumont and the Silences in Histories of the United States: An Interdisciplinary Endeavour across Literature and Sociology
Authors: MARGREE VICTORIA , BHAMBRA GURMINDER K 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTaking the example of the intermittent presence and absence of narratives of slavery, colonialism, and race within standard accounts of the US, we examine how Tocqueville's sociological account of the emergence of democracy in America is transformed when read together with the novel, Marie, written by his friend and travel companion, Beaumont, which addresses issues of American slavery and racism. Our interdisciplinary project proceeds by considering the possible contributions to historical sociology of analysis of literary narratives, and by exploring the translation of social realities into fiction. These interdisciplinary translations, we argue, highlight the specific issue of silences within mainstream narratives about American democracy and enable us to reassess the significance of silences within historiographies of modernity. In particular, the neglect of Beaumont's contribution has given rise to an appropriation of Tocqueville to a largely celebratory account of American democracy and has elided his concern with the lasting consequences of slavery and racism.
Global Rebalancing: Crisis and the East–South Turn
Authors: Pieterse Jan Nederveen 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis article argues that the rise of emerging societies is a major turn in globalization and holds significant emancipatory potential. North–South relations have been dominant for 200 years and now an East–South turn is taking shape. The 2008 economic crisis is part of a global rebalancing process. Ongoing developments can be read in two ways: towards recalibrating the old order, or towards the emergence of new logics, which can be simplified as a tale of two scripts. One is global plutocracy with Anglo‐American capitalism and financial markets in the West back in the lead and emerging markets joining the club. An instrument for achieving this is the hegemonic ideology of ‘global rebalancing’. On the other end of the continuum is the script of emancipatory multipolarity, considering that countries representing the majority of the world population have joined the global head table. This essay discusses global rebalancing, global plutocracy and emancipatory multipolarity, before taking on the conceptual question of capitalism or capitalisms. Ultimately, the author concludes that developments are layered and that elements of both scripts are combining.
Retracted: Mice lacking the Raf‐1 kinase inhibitor protein exhibit exaggerated hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Morecroft I , Doyle B , Nilsen M , Kolch W , Mair K , MacLean MR 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increased pulmonary vascular remodelling, pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance characterize the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Activation of the Raf/mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 is thought to play an important role in PAH and Raf‐1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), negatively regulates this pathway. This study investigated whether genetic deletion of RKIP (and hence ERK1/2 up‐regulation) resulted in a pulmonary hypertensive phenotype in mice and investigated a role for RKIP in mitogen‐regulated proliferative responses in lung fibroblasts.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pulmonary vascular haemodynamics and remodelling were assessed in mice genetically deficient in RKIP (RKIP−/−) after 2 weeks of either normoxia or hypoxia. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to examine phosphorylation of Raf‐1, RKIP and ERK1/2 in mouse pulmonary arteries. In vitro, RKIP inhibition of mitogen signalling was analysed in CCL39 hamster lung fibroblasts.KEY RESULTS RKIP−/− mice demonstrated elevated indices of PAH and ERK1/2 phosphorylation compared with wild‐type (WT) mice. Hypoxic RKIP−/− mice exhibited exaggerated PAH indices. Hypoxia increased phosphorylation of Raf‐1, RKIP and ERK1/2 in WT mouse pulmonary arteries and Raf‐1 phosphorylation in RKIP−/− mouse pulmonary arteries. In CCL39 cells, inhibition of RKIP potentiated mitogen‐induced proliferation and phosphorylation of RKIP, and Raf‐1.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The lack of RKIP protein resulted in a pulmonary hypertensive phenotype, exaggerated in hypoxia. Hypoxia induced phosphorylation of RKIP signalling elements in WT pulmonary arteries. RKIP inhibition potentiated mitogen‐induced proliferation in lung fibroblasts. These results provide evidence for the involvement of RKIP in suppressing the development of hypoxia‐induced PAH in mice.
Milrinone attenuates thromboxane receptor‐mediated hyperresponsiveness in hypoxic pulmonary arterial myocytes
Authors: Santhosh KT , Elkhateeb O , Nolette N , Outbih O , Halayko AJ , Dakshinamurti S 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neonatal pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) is characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction, due in part to dysregulation of the thromboxane prostanoid (TP) receptor. Hypoxia induces TP receptor–mediated hyperresponsiveness, whereas serine phosphorylation mediates desensitization of TP receptors. We hypothesized that prostacyclin (IP) receptor activity induces TP receptor phosphorylation and decreases ligand affinity; that TP receptor sensitization in hypoxic myocytes is due to IP receptor inactivation; and that this would be reversible by the cAMP‐specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor milrinone.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined functional regulation of TP receptors by serine phosphorylation and effects of IP receptor stimulation and protein kinase A (PKA) activity on TP receptor sensitivity in myocytes from neonatal porcine resistance pulmonary arteries after 72 h hypoxia in vitro. Ca2+ response curves to U46619 (TP receptor agonist) were determined in hypoxic and normoxic myocytes incubated with or without iloprost (IP receptor agonist), forskolin (adenylyl cyclase activator), H8 (PKA inhibitor) or milrinone. TP and IP receptor saturation binding kinetics were measured in presence of iloprost or 8‐bromo‐cAMP.KEY RESULTS Ligand affinity for TP receptors was normalized in vitro by IP receptor signalling intermediates. However, IP receptor affinity was compromised in hypoxic myocytes, decreasing cAMP production. Milrinone normalized TP receptor sensitivity in hypoxic myocytes by restoring PKA‐mediated regulatory TP receptor phosphorylation.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS TP receptor sensitivity and EC50 for TP receptor agonists was regulated by PKA, as TP receptor serine phosphorylation by PKA down‐regulated Ca2+ mobilization. Hypoxia decreased IP receptor activity and cAMP generation, inducing TP receptor hyperresponsiveness, which was reversed by milrinone.
Intravital Macrozoom Imaging and Automated Analysis of Endothelial Cell Calcium Signals Coincident with Arteriolar Dilation in Cx40BAC‐GCaMP2 Transgenic Mice
Authors: BAGHER POONEH , DAVIS MICHAEL J. , SEGAL STEVEN S. 
Published: March 2011

Please cite this paper as: Bagher, Davis and Segal (2011). Intravital Macrozoom Imaging and Automated Analysis of Endothelial Cell Calcium Signals Coincident with Arteriolar Dilation in Cx40BAC‐GCaMP2 Transgenic Mice. Microcirculation 18(4), 331–338.AbstractObjective:  Calcium signaling is integral to endothelium‐dependent vasodilation. Our goal was to develop methods enabling automated analyses for accurately and objectively determining the dynamic relationship between EC Ca2+ responses and arteriolar diameter in vivo.Methods:  User‐friendly software (DiaFluor) written in LabView was applied to images acquired at 15 fps with a custom macrozoom intravital microscope to evaluate changes in EC Ca2+ concomitant with arteriolar diameter. Transgenic Cx40BAC‐GCaMP2 mice expressing a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator molecule in arteriolar ECs enabled resolution of EC Ca2+ signaling in response to ACh microiontophoresis (500 nA, 100–1000 msec pulse) from a micropipette (1 μm tip) positioned adjacent to an arteriole in the superfused cremaster muscle preparation.Results:  A 100‐msec pulse of ACh (1 M) had little effect on EC Ca2+ or arteriolar diameter. As pulse duration increased, vasodilation increased with fluorescence intensity (p < 0.01). Based upon fluorescence responses (F/Fo), the effective diffusion distance of ACh along arterioles increased from ∼100 μm (250 msec pulse) to ∼200 μm (1000 msec pulse) with a peak velocity of ∼150 μm/sec.Conclusions:  The novel imaging and software presented here are the first to enable automated simultaneous evaluation of EC Ca2+ signaling and endothelium‐dependent vasodilation in vivo.
Cutting characteristics of ultrasonic surgical instruments
Authors: Parmar Dipesh , Mann Malveen , Walmsley A. Damien , Lea Simon C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective: Ultrasonic surgical devices are becoming increasingly popular and work is required to understand the performance of the cutting tips. This experimental study looks to investigate the way in which ultrasonic bone cutting tools oscillate and how this oscillation is modified when contacted against bone surfaces with varying loads. The defects produced in instrumented bone surfaces were measured and related to the tip motion.Methods: An ultrasonic cutting probe was scanned, unloaded, using a scanning laser vibrometer to determine its free oscillation pattern and amplitude. This probe tip was then contacted against bone under various loads to assess the modification in oscillation characteristics. Cuts were performed over a period of 10 s. The cut bone surfaces were assessed using laser profilometry to determine defect depths.Results: The average vibration displacement amplitude at the probe tip, under load, was <12 μm in the longitudinal direction and was greatest for the cortical cutting mode. Elliptical probe motion was successfully mapped out under the range of loads tested. Defect depths of up to 0.36 mm were detected and were greatest when the tip was in contact with the bone with a load of 100 g.Conclusions: This work showed that the nature of the surface being cut may significantly alter the mode shape and magnitude of the probe oscillation. The maximum depth of cut with minimum restraining of tip motion was achieved at 100 g contact load.To cite this article:
Parmar D, Mann M, Walmsley AD, Lea SC. Cutting characteristics of ultrasonic surgical instruments. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2011; 000–000. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02121.x
Advancing oral medicine through informatics and information technology: a proposed framework and strategy
Authors: Schleyer T , Mattsson U , Ní Ríordáin R , Brailo V , Glick M , Zain RB , Jontell M 
Published: March 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17 (Suppl. 1), 85–94The implementation of information technology in healthcare is a significant focus for many nations around the world. However, information technology support for clinical care, research and education in oral medicine is currently poorly developed. This situation hampers our ability to transform oral medicine into a ‘learning healthcare discipline’ in which the divide between clinical practice and research is diminished and, ultimately, eliminated. This paper reviews the needs of and requirements for information technology support of oral medicine and proposes an agenda designed to meet those needs. For oral medicine, this agenda includes analyzing and reviewing current clinical and documentation practices, working toward progressively standardizing clinical data, and helping define requirements for oral medicine systems. IT professionals can contribute by conducting baseline studies about the use of electronic systems, helping develop controlled vocabularies and ontologies, and designing, implementing, and evaluating novel systems centered on the needs of clinicians, researchers and educators. Successfully advancing IT support for oral medicine will require close coordination and collaboration among oral medicine professionals, information technology professionals, system vendors, and funding agencies. If current barriers and obstacles are overcome, practice and research in oral medicine stand ready to derive significant benefits from the application of information technology.
Observations on hand‐mating behaviors, several physiological and hematological parameters in Turkish dairy goats
Authors: KONYALI Aynur , TÖLÜ Cemil , AYAĞ Bekir Sıtkı , AKBAĞ Hande Işıl 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe aims of this study were to examine hand‐mating behavior of doe and buck and relationships of courtship behavior and physiological and hematological traits according to gestation results. Duration from beginning of observation until mating (M‐C), duration between two copulations (C‐C) and courtship behavioral index value of each sex (CBIVD; courtship behavioral index value of doe, CBIVB; courtship behavioral index value of buck) and mounting behavior of buck, were observed. Experience of doe was affected of CBIVD and CBIVB (P = 0.01 and P = 0.01, respectively). Bucks mounted significantly higher times on experienced does than on inexperienced ones (P = 0.00). On the other hand service number decreased with an increase in M‐C (P = 0.00). Elevated service number was observed with increased mounting frequency of buck (P = 0.03). There were strong correlations between CBIVD and CBIVB (r = 0.48, P = 0.00). Pregnancy was not influenced by vaginal pH value. Does, which gave multiple births, had higher vaginal pH (P = 0.05). Rectal temperature difference of doe had no influence on success of mating and birth type. On the other hand, birth type was affected by rectal temperature difference of buck. There was no significant difference of hematological parameters according to mating results. Hemoglobin, red blood cell count and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values were higher in single births and mean cell volume value was lower in single births.
Effects of melanocortins on fetal development
Authors: Simamura Eriko , Shimada Hiroki , Shoji Hiroki , Otani Hiroki , Hatta Toshihisa 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTMelanocortins, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and α‐, β‐, and γ‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (MSH) are produced in the placenta and secreted into embryos/fetuses. ACTH concentrations are higher in fetal plasma than in maternal plasma and peak at mid‐gestation in rats, whereas ACTH production starts in the anterior lobe of the fetal pituitary at later stages. Melanocortin receptors (MC1‐5R), receptors for ACTH and α‐, β‐ and γ‐MSH, are expressed in various adult organs. The specific function of these receptors has been well examined in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the HPA axis‐like network in the skin, and anti‐inflammatory effects for white blood cells have also been investigated. MC2R and/or MC5R are also expressed in the testis, lung, kidney, adrenal, liver, pancreas, brain and blood cells at different stages in mouse and rat embryos/fetuses. Melanocortins in embryos and fetuses promote maturation of the HPA axis and also contribute to the development of lung, testis, brain and blood cells. Recently, a unique ACTH function was revealed in fetuses: placental ACTH, which is secreted by the maternal leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and induces LIF secretion from fetal nucleated red blood cells. Finally, the maternal LIF‐placental ACTH‐fetal LIF signal relay regulates the LIF level and promotes neurogenesis in fetuses, which suggests that ACTH acts as a signal transducer or effector for fetal development in the maternal‐fetal signal pathway.
Effects of an Epiphytic Orchid on Arboreal Ant Community Structure in Panama
Authors: Yanoviak Stephen P. , Berghoff Stefanie M. , Linsenmair K. Eduard , Zotz Gerhard 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTEpiphytes are conspicuous structural elements of tropical forest canopies. Individual tree crowns in lowland forests may support more than 30 ant species, yet we know little about the effects of epiphytes on ant diversity. We examined the composition of arboreal ant communities onAnnona glabratrees and their interactions with the epiphytic orchidCaularthron bilamellatumin Panama. We surveyed the ants on 73 trees (45 withC. bilamellatumand 28 lacking epiphytes) and recorded their nest sites and behavioral dominance at baits. We found a total of 49 ant species (in 20 genera), ranging 1–9 species per tree. Trees withC. bilamellatumhad higher average (±SD) ant species richness (4.2±2.28) than trees without epiphytes (2.7±1.21). Hollow pseudobulbs (PBs) ofC. bilamellatumwere used as nest sites by 32 ant species, but only 43 percent of suitable PBs were occupied. Ant species richness increased with PB abundance in trees, but nest sites did not appear to be a limiting resource onA. glabra. We detected no close association between ants and the orchid. We conclude that higher ant species richness in the presence of the orchid is due to bottom‐up effects, especially the year‐round supply of extrafloral nectar. The structure of ant communities onA. glabrapartly reflects interference competition among behaviorally dominant species and stochastic factors, as observed in other forests.