bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of macroinvertebrates and fish in regulating the provision by macrophytes of refugia for zooplankton in a warm temperate shallow lake
Authors: GONZÁLEZ SAGRARIO MARÍA de los ÁNGELES , BALSEIRO ESTEBAN 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. The zooplankton often undergoes diel horizontal migration (DHM) from the open water to the littoral of shallow lakes, thus avoiding predators in the former. This behaviour has functional impacts within the lake, as it enhances zooplankton survival, increases their control of phytoplankton and tends to stabilise the clear water state. However, most of the evidence supporting this migration pattern comes from cold north temperate lakes, and more evidence from tropical and subtropical areas, as well as from southern temperate areas, is needed.2. We conducted a field study of the diel horizontal and vertical migration of zooplankton, and the horizontal distribution of potential predatory macroinvertebrates and fish, over two consecutive days in the summer in a temperate lake in the southern hemisphere. We took zooplankton samples at two depths, at three sampling stations (inside beds of aquatic macrophytes, at their edge and in open water) along three transects running from the centre of a bed of Ceratophyllum demersum to open water. At each sampling station, we also took samples of macroinvertebrates and fish and measured physical and chemical environmental variables.3. Zooplankton (pelagic cladocerans, calanoid copepods and rotifers) avoided the shore, probably because of the greater risk from predators there. Larger and more vulnerable cladocerans, such as Diaphanosoma brachyurum and Moina micrura, were two to four times more abundant in open water than at the edge of or inside beds of macrophytes, respectively, by both day and night. Less vulnerable zooplankton [i.e. of medium body size (Ceriodaphnia dubia) or with the ability to swim fast (calanoid copepods)] were distributed evenly between open water and the edge of the plant beds. Small zooplankton, Bosmina huaronensis and pelagic rotifers, showed an even distribution among the three sampling stations. Accordingly, no DHM of zooplankton occurred, although larger organisms migrated vertically inside C. demersum stands.4. Macrophytes contained high densities of predatory macroinvertebrates and fish. The predator assemblage, composed of large‐bodied macroinvertebrates (including odonates and shrimps) and small littoral fish, was permanently associated with submerged macrophytes. None of these groups moved outside the plant beds or changed their population structure (fish) over the diel cycle.5. Submerged macrophyte beds do not represent a refuge for zooplankton in lakes where predators are numerous among the plants, implying a weaker top‐down control of phytoplankton biomass by zooplankton and, consequently, a more turbid lake. The effectiveness of macrophytes as a refuge for zooplankton depends on the associated assemblage of predatory macroinvertebrates and fish among the plants.
Modelling microseismicity of a producing reservoir from coupled fluid‐flow and geomechanical simulation
Authors: Angus D.A. , Kendall J.‐M. , Fisher Q.J. , Segura J.M. , Skachkov S. , Crook A.J.L. , Dutko M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we investigate production induced microseismicity based on modelling material failure from coupled fluid‐flow and geomechanical simulation. The model is a graben style reservoir characterized by two normal faults subdividing a sandstone reservoir into three compartments. The results are analysed in terms of spatial and temporal variations in distribution of material failure. We observe that material failure and hence potentially microseismicity is sensitive to not only fault movement but also fluid movement across faults. For sealing faults, failure is confined to the volume in and around the well compartment, with shear failure localized along the boundaries of the compartment and shear‐enhanced compaction failure widespread throughout the reservoir compartment. For non‐sealing faults, failure is observed within and surrounding all three reservoir compartments as well as a significant distribution located near the surface of the overburden. All shear‐enhanced compaction failures are localized within the reservoir compartments. Fault movement leads to an increase in shear‐enhanced compaction events within the reservoir as well as shear events located within the side‐burden adjacent to the fault. We also evaluate the associated moment tensor mechanisms to estimate the pseudo scalar seismic moment of failure based on the assumption that failure is not aseismic. The shear‐enhanced compaction events display a relatively normal and tight pseudo scalar seismic moment distribution centred about 106 Pa, whereas the shear events have pseudo scalar seismic moments that vary over three orders of magnitude. Overall, the results from the study indicate that it may be possible to identify compartment boundaries based on the results of microseismic monitoring.
Semi‐natural grassland biomass for combustion: influence of botanical composition, harvest date and site conditions on fuel composition
Authors: Tonn B. , Thumm U. , Claupein W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBioenergy generation by combustion is an alternative utilization of biomass from semi‐natural grasslands no longer needed for forage production. Variability of fuel composition affects the suitability of grassland herbage for combustion, in terms of ash‐related problems and harmful emissions of N, S and Cl compounds. A field experiment was established at six semi‐natural grassland sites in southwest Germany to investigate the importance of botanical composition, harvest date and site effects in influencing fuel composition. The first growth at each site was harvested at five dates from June to October. Concentrations of N, S, K, Ca, Mg and ash were lower in grasses than forbs. Between June and October, K concentrations decreased and Ca concentrations increased in grasses and forbs. Ash concentration increased only in grasses, while yields remained stable. Considerable site effects were also found, particularly for K and Cl. The findings are discussed in relation to knowledge of combustion technology. Fuel composition of the investigated grassland biomass was less suitable for combustion than that of perennial energy grasses, but comparable to that of cereal straw. Most critical parameters were high N concentrations, cause of NOx emissions, and high ash, K and Cl concentrations, responsible for particle emissions, fouling and corrosion. Although combustion of semi‐natural grassland biomass for small‐scale residential boilers cannot be recommended currently, results of this study suggest that utilization in medium‐scale combustion units may offer realistic perspectives, creating synergies between bioenergy production and biodiversity conservation.
Update on tumours of the adrenal cortex, phaeochromocytoma and extra‐adrenal paraganglioma
Authors: McNicol Anne Marie 
Published: August 2010

McNicol A M (2011) Histopathology 58, 155–168 Update on tumours of the adrenal cortex, phaeochromocytoma and extra‐adrenal paragangliomaThis review covers aspects of adrenal cortical tumours, phaeochromocytoma and extra‐adrenal paragangliomas. Relevant clinical and epidemiological information is included. It is now known that about 30% of paragangliomas occur in a familial setting and these new aspects of the genetic background are presented. The main diagnostic problem in both groups of tumours is the recognition of malignant potential. The uses and limitations of multifactorial histological assessment in diagnosis and prognosis are discussed. Finally, data on the molecular changes associated with tumorigenesis and tumour progression are highlighted, and how this information may contribute in future to diagnosis and prognosis.
Persistent viral infection in humans can drive high frequency low‐affinity T‐cell expansions
Authors: Khan Naeem , Cobbold Mark , Cummerson Joanne , Moss Paul A. H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryCD8 T cells that recognize cytomegalovirus (CMV) ‐encoded peptides can be readily detected by staining with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) –peptide tetramers. These cells are invariably highly differentiated effector memory cells with high avidity T‐cell receptors (TCR). In this report we demonstrate an HLA‐A*0201 restricted CMV‐specific CD8 T‐cell response (designated YVL) that represents several percent of the CD8 T‐cell subset, yet fails to bind tetrameric major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ligands. However, these tetramer‐negative cells are both phenotypically and functionally similar to other CMV‐specific CD8 T cells. YVL peptide‐specific CD8 T‐cell clones were generated and found to be of high avidity in both cytotoxicity and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) assays, and comparable with other CMV peptide‐specific CD8 T‐cell clones. However, under conditions of CD8 blockade, the response was almost nullified even at very high ligand concentrations. This was also the case in IFN‐γ experiments using peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with peptide ex vivo. In contrast, all other CMV specificities (tetramer‐positive) displayed minimal or only partial CD8 dependence. This suggests that YVL‐specific responses depict a low‐affinity TCR–MHC–peptide interaction, that is compensated by substantial CD8 involvement for functional purposes, yet cannot engage multivalent soluble ligands for ex vivo analysis. It is interesting that such a phenomenon is apparent in the face of a persistent virus infection such as CMV, where the responding cells represent an immunodominant response in that individual and may present a highly differentiated effector phenotype.
The roles of antigen‐specificity, responsiveness to transforming growth factor‐β and antigen‐presenting cell subsets in tumour‐induced expansion of regulatory T cells
Authors: Coe David , Addey Caroline , White Matthew , Simpson Elizabeth , Dyson Julian , Chai Jian‐Guo 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn this study we investigated the impact of several factors on the expansion of natural regulatory T (nTreg) cells by tumours, including antigen specificity, transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signalling and the antigen‐presenting cell subsets responsible for expansion. We found that antigen non‐specific expansion of nTreg cells is tumour cell line‐dependent. Although both antigen‐specific and non‐specific pathways can contribute to expansion, the migration of activated nTreg cells to tumour tissues is strictly antigen‐dependent. Intact TGF‐β signalling on nTreg cells is also essential for tumour‐induced expansion. Finally, for stimulation of resting antigen‐specific CD4 T cells, CD11c+ cells purified from tumour‐draining lymph nodes were more potent than CD11b+ cells, suggesting that dendritic cells are the key antigen‐presenting cell subset involved in cross‐presentation of tumour antigens. This study not only provides an in vivo system in which cross‐talk between nTreg cells and tumours can be explored but also reveals novel aspects of tumour immune evasion.
Immunoinformatics: an integrated scenario
Authors: Tomar Namrata , De Rajat K. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGenome sequencing of humans and other organisms has led to the accumulation of huge amounts of data, which include immunologically relevant data. A large volume of clinical data has been deposited in several immunological databases and as a result immunoinformatics has emerged as an important field which acts as an intersection between experimental immunology and computational approaches. It not only helps in dealing with the huge amount of data but also plays a role in defining new hypotheses related to immune responses. This article reviews classical immunology, different databases and prediction tools. It also describes applications of immunoinformatics in designingin silicovaccination and immune system modelling. All these efforts save time and reduce cost.
Histological evaluation of the effectiveness of increased apical enlargement for cleaning the apical third of curved canals
Authors: Fornari V. J. , Silva‐Sousa Y. T. C. , Vanni J. R. , Pécora J. D. , Versiani M. A. , Sousa‐Neto M. D. 
Published: August 2010

Fornari VJ, Silva‐Sousa YTC, Vanni JR, Pécora JD, Versiani MA, Sousa‐Neto MD. Histological evaluation of the effectiveness of increased apical enlargement for cleaning the apical third of curved canals. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 988–994, 2010.AbstractObjective  To evaluate the influence of apical size on cleaning of the apical third of curved canals prepared with rotary instruments.Methodology  Forty‐four mesiobuccal canals of maxillary molars teeth were instrumented to different apical sizes (30, 0.02; 35, 0.02; 40, 0.02; 45, 0.02) using a crown‐down technique. After canal preparation, the apical thirds of the roots were submitted to histological processing and examination. The specimens were analysed at 40× magnification and the images were submitted to morphometric analysis with an integration grid to evaluate the percentage of debris and uninstrumented root canal walls. The action of the instruments on the root canal walls was assessed based on the surface regularity, abrupt change on the continuity of root canal walls, and partial or total pre‐dentine removal. The results were statistically compared using one‐way anova with post hoc Tukey test. Pearson’s correlation was performed to identify potential correlations between values.Results  The percentage of uninstrumented root canal dentine was higher when apical enlargement was performed with instruments 30, 0.02 taper (55.64 ± 4.62%) and 35, 0.02 taper (49.03 ± 5.70%) than with instruments 40, 0.02 taper (38.08 ± 10.44%) and 45, 0.02 taper (32.65 ± 8.51%) (P < 0.05). More debris were observed when apical enlargement was performed with instruments 30, 0.02 taper (34.62 ± 9.49%) and 35, 0.02 taper (25.33 ± 7.37%) (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the amount of remaining debris and the perimeter of uninstrumented root canal dentine (r = 0.9130, P < 0.001).Conclusion  No apical enlargement size allowed the root canal walls to be prepared completely. Apical third cleanliness could be predicted by instrument diameter.
Ex vivo assessment of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in murine fibroblasts exposed to white MTA or white Portland cement with 15% bismuth oxide
Authors: Zeferino E. G. , Bueno C. E. S , Oyama L. M. , Ribeiro D. A. 
Published: August 2010

Zeferino EG, Bueno CES, Oyama LM, Ribeiro DA.
Ex vivo assessment of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in murine fibroblasts exposed to white MTA or white Portland cement with 15% bismuth oxide. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 843–848, 2010.AbstractAims  To evaluate whether white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) or white Portland cement with 15% bismuth oxide were able to induce genetic damage and cellular death ex vivo.Methodology  Aliquots of 1 × 104 murine fibroblasts were incubated at 37 °C for 3 h with MTA (white) or white Portland cement with 15% bismuth oxide, at final concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 μg mL−1 individually. Data of three independent repeats from the comet assay and the trypan blue exclusion test were assessed by the one‐way anova followed by Tukey’s test.Results  Mineral trioxide aggregate or Portland cement containing bismuth oxide did not produce genotoxic effects with respect to the single‐cell gel (comet) assay data for all concentrations evaluated. Furthermore, no cytotoxicity was observed for MTA or Portland cement.Conclusion  White MTA or white Portland cement containing 15% bismuth oxide were not genotoxic and cytotoxic.
Patients with colorectal cancer: relationship between demographic and disease characteristics and acceptance of disability
Authors: Chao Hui‐Lin , Tsai Tzung‐Yi , Livneh Hanoch , Lee Hsin‐Chung , Hsieh Pi‐Ching 
Published: August 2010

chao h.‐l., tsai t.‐y., livneh h., lee h.‐c. & hsieh p.‐c. (2010) Patients with colorectal cancer: relationship between demographic and disease characteristics and acceptance of disability. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(10), 2278–2286.AbstractAim.  This article is a report of a study conducted to examine acceptance of disability among patients with colorectal cancer and its relationships to other disease‐related factors.Background.  Colorectal cancer had become the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Recently, the topic of acceptance of disability in patients with chronic disease, especially cancer, has attracted enormous attention because the higher acceptance, the better coping with disease and the better quality of life after therapy.Method.  A cross‐sectional study was carried out with 110 patients with colorectal cancer recruited from a medical centre in northern Taiwan in 2008. Data were collected using the Acceptance of Disability Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression analysis were used for analysis.Findings.  Participants reported moderate levels of acceptance of disability. The regression model showed that those with shorter disease duration, stoma, lower educational level (below 9th grade), or in Duke C1 stage or above reported lower levels of acceptance, and these variables accounted for 25% of the total variance.Conclusion.  The results suggest that acceptance of disability (i) is a useful construct to examine in future studies on psychosocial adaptation to cancer, and (ii) can be integrated into a clinical intervention programme of providing holistic care to patients with colorectal cancer.
Terms used for isolation practices by nurses at an academic medical center
Authors: Landers Timothy , McWalters Jessica , Behta Maryam , Bufe Gina , Ross Barbara , Vawdrey David K. , Larson Elaine 
Published: August 2010

landers t., mcwalters j., behta m., bufe g., ross b., vawdrey d.k. & larson e. (2010) Terms used for isolation practices by nurses at an academic medical center. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(10), 2309–2319.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study to determine if the terms used by nurses to describe isolation precautions are associated with correct identification of required personal protective equipment.Background.  Isolation measures are important in the prevention of healthcare‐associated infections. The terms used to describe categories of isolation have changed in response to new pathogens and with advances in infection prevention.Methods.  For 3 months in 2009, nurses from an academic medical center on the East Coast of the United States of America completed a survey consisting of ten clinical scenarios which asked about recommended personal protective equipment and for the name of the recommended isolation type. Correct identification of required personal protective equipment was compared to use of an approved isolation category term, controlling for infection knowledge and demographic variables.Results.  Three hundred and seventeen nurses gave responses to 2215 clinical scenarios. Use of non‐approved category terms was associated with statistically significantly lower rates of correct personal protective equipment identification compared to use of an approved term (62·2% vs. 77·8%; P < 0·001). Specific PPE was also selected for use when not indicated – including gowns (42%), N‐95 respirators (13%), fluid shield masks (13%) and sterile gloves (6%).Conclusion.  Inconsistent terminology for isolation precautions may contribute to variations in practice. Adoption of internationally accepted and standardized category terms may improve adherence to these precautions.
Chinese version of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale: initial psychometric evaluation
Authors: Lin Pei Chao , Lin Li Chan , Lotus Shyu Yea Ing , Hua Mau Sun 
Published: August 2010

lin p.c., lin l.c., shyu y.i.l. & hua m.s. (2010) Chinese version of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale: initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(10), 2360–2368.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of the validity and reliability testing of the Chinese version of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale (PAINAD‐C).Background.  Pain is under‐reported and under‐treated for people with dementia, largely due to impairment of communication. An adequate instrument for assessment of pain in this population is essential to improving their quality of life and decreasing disability and behavioural disturbances, but none were found that were appropriate for these purposes.Method.  The PAINAD‐C was developed in three phases in 2006. First, back‐translation was used to create the Chinese version, where five medical and nursing experts assessed content validity. Inter‐rater reliability, internal consistency reliability and test–retest reliability were then examined. Finally, principal component analysis and known‐group comparisons were used to test construct validity. Participants with dementia were selected from five licensed long‐term care facilities in Taiwan. Direct observation was used to collect data.Results.  Inter‐rater reliability showed an intra‐class correlation coefficient of 0·80–0·86, and a test–retest reliability intra‐class correlation coefficient of 0·71. The internal consistency reliability was 0·55–0·66. Factor analysis of the PAINAD‐C showed two factors that explained 62·48% of variance. The PAINAD‐C scores showed statistically significant differences between the non‐dementia group and the advanced dementia group as well as significant differences between activities and rest groups.Conclusion.  The PAINAD‐C is useful in a clinical setting for people with advanced dementia for both research and practice. It is easy to use and is a comprehensive instrument.
Phylogeographical analyses of domestic and wild yaks based on mitochondrial DNA: new data and reappraisal
Authors: Wang Zhaofeng , Shen Xin , Liu Bin , Su Jianping , Yonezawa Takahiro , Yu Yun , Guo Songchang , Ho Simon Y. W. , Vilà Carles , Hasegawa Masami , Liu Jianquan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim  We aimed to examine the phylogeographical structure and demographic history of domestic and wild yaks (Bos grunniens) based on a wide range of samples and complete mitochondrial genomic sequences.Location  The Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) of western China.Methods  All available D‐loop sequences for 405 domesticated yaks and 47 wild yaks were examined, including new sequences from 96 domestic and 34 wild yaks. We further sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of 48 domesticated and 21 wild yaks. Phylogeographical analyses were performed using the mitochondrial D‐loop and the total genome datasets.Results  We recovered a total of 123 haplotypes based on the D‐loop sequences in wild and domestic yaks. Phylogenetic analyses of this dataset and the mitochondrial genome data suggested three well‐supported and divergent lineages. Two lineages with six D‐loop haplogroups were recovered for all morphological breeds of domestic yaks across their distributions in the QTP, while one more lineage and more endemic haplogroups or haplotypes were found for wild yaks. Based on the mitochondrial genome data, the divergences of the three lineages were estimated to have occurred around 420,000 and 580,000 years ago, consistent with the geological records of two large glaciation events experienced in the QTP.Main conclusions  There are distinct phylogeographical differences between wild and domestic yaks. However, there is no apparent geographical correlation between identified haplogroups and distributions of domestic yaks. Three differentiated lineages of yaks probably evolved allopatrically in different regions during the Pleistocene glaciation events, then reunited into a single gene pool during post‐glacial population expansion and migrations before the start of the domestication of yaks in the Holocene.