bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cucurbituril‐Confined Tetracation Supramolecular 2D Organic Framework for Dual‐Emission TS‐FRET
Authors: Li Fan‐Fan , Huo Man , Kong Jing , Liu Yu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHerein, cucurbituril‐regulated supramolecular multi‐dimensional organic framework constructed is reported by tetraphenylvinyl grafted bromophenylpyridine salt derivatives (TPE‐BrN) and cucurbit[n]uril (n = 6, 7, 8) via non‐covalent cross‐linked, giving supramolecular macrocycle‐confined fluorescence‐phosphorescence dual emission at 560 and 510 nm in solid state. Different from the formation of TPE‐BrN⊂CB[6] complexes and TPE‐BrN⊂CB[7] nanoparticle, TPE‐BrN⊂CB[8] manifested high‐efficient 2D network assembly. TPE‐BrN⊂CB[8] assembly can effectively activate triplet‐state to singlet‐state Förster resonance energy transfer (TS‐FRET) with long‐lived near‐infrared emission at 675 nm via doping organic dye Nile red (NiR) and the energy transfer efficiency reached up to 99%. Although CB[7] can also induce the typical phosphorescence emission at 510 nm, there is no TS‐FRET occurring after doping NiR into TPE‐BrN⊂CB[7] assembly due to the formation of different assembly modes. The multicolor long‐lived emission has been demonstrated very well based on the TS‐FRET process activated by CB[8] macrocyclic confined 2D organic framework, which can be successfully applied to fingerprint imaging and the construction of logic gate systems. It provides a novel method for supramolecular macrocycle confined phosphorescence regulation and the development of luminescent materials.
Structural, Optical, and Electronic Properties of Epitaxial β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3 Films for Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Liu Fenhong , Li Yonghui , Cheng Hongwei , Jin Chao , Liu Changlong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBandgap engineering in monoclinic gallium oxide (β‐Ga2O3) is a powerful strategy for designing semiconductor optoelectronic devices with specific functionalities. In this work, aluminum doping is utilized to modulate the bandgap of Ga2O3. By growing epitaxial β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3 (0≤ x≤ 0.84) films on c‐plane sapphire substrates using RF magnetron sputtering, it allowed to tune the energy bandgap, achieving values as high as 6.10 eV. The increased luminescence intensity is attributed to the recombination between donor and acceptor transitions induced by Al doping, resulting in more defects. Additionally, the luminescent band experienced blueshifts due to the enhanced bandgaps. Moreover, density of functional theory (DFT) simulations confirmed the sensitivity of the bandgap to Al content, distinguishing between Ga‐dominated (x <  0.5) and Al‐dominated (x >  0.5) β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3. Notably, the bandgap increased more rapidly in Ga‐dominated structures compared to Al‐dominated ones. The electronic structure analysis revealed a redistribution of Ga d states from valence to conduction bands, attributed to the introduction of numerous Al p states. These combined experimental and detailed electronic structure investigations proved crucial insights for designing the structure and exploring potential applications of β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3 in photonic devices.
Selective Hydro‐ and Deuterodechlorination of Trichloroacetamides under Controlled Electrochemical Conditions To Prepare Mono‐, Di‐, and Deuterochloroacetamides
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Manas , Bera Biman , Pathak Swastik , Bhunia Dipendu , Bhadra Sayan , Patra Snehangshu , Pal Chowdhury Manish , Escorihuela Jorge , Bera Mrinal K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMono‐ and dichloro acetamides were prepared via a hydrodechlorination reaction of trichloroacetamides under controlled electrochemical conditions. The reactions were carried out in an undivided cell with constant current flow using n‐Bu4NI as supporting electrolyte and methanol as solvent and proton source. Deuterodechlorination of trichloroacetamide was also successful when methanol‐d4 was used as solvent under identical electrochemical conditions.
Inhibition of ALDOA‐ and ENO1‐Mediated Glycolysis of Oridonin as a Novel Antitumor Strategy of Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lu Tianming , Wang Qixin , Zhao Minghong , Chen Lin , Dai Chuanhao , Tang Huan , Guo Qiuyan , Wang Jigang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNon‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Oridonin (ORI), the main pharmacodynamic component of the Chinese herb Herba Rabdosiae with anticancer activity is reported to inhibit various types of cancer including NSCLC. However, its direct target proteins acting on NSCLC still require further investigation. Here, the direct protein profile is analyzed and the key targets of ORI are identified by combining activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) and the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). As a result, ORI can significantly promote Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cell apoptosis, decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, and increase reactive oxygen species accumulation. In addition, both ABPP and CETSA indicate that ORI directly binds to key proteins of the glycolysis pathway, including Aldolase A (ALDOA), Enolase 1 (ENO1), pyruvate kinase M2, and lactate dehydrogenase. Based on the LLC mouse model, ORI markedly inhibits the growth of lung tumors, increases the serum levels of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, and reduces the production of malondialdehyde. To sum up, ORI can be regarded as a novel antitumor strategy of NSCLC by inhibiting ALDOA‐ and ENO1‐mediated glycolysis.
A High‐Entropy Single‐Atom Catalyst Toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic and Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Tamtaji Mohsen , Kim Min Gyu , WANG Jun , Galligan Patrick Ryan , Zhu Haoyu , Hung Faan‐Fung , Xu Zhihang , Zhu Ye , Luo Zhengtang , Goddard William A. , Chen GuanHua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe design of high‐entropy single‐atom catalysts (HESAC) with 5.2 times higher entropy compared to single‐atom catalysts (SAC) is proposed, by using four different metals (FeCoNiRu‐HESAC) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Fe active sites with intermetallic distances of 6.1 Å exhibit a low ORR overpotential of 0.44 V, which originates from weakening the adsorption of OH intermediates. Based on density functional theory (DFT) findings, the FeCoNiRu‐HESAC with a nitrogen‐doped sample were synthesized. The atomic structures are confirmed with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray absorption (XAS), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The predicted high catalytic activity is experimentally verified, finding that FeCoNiRu‐HESAC has overpotentials of 0.41 and 0.37 V with Tafel slopes of 101 and 210 mVdec−1 at the current density of 1 mA cm−2 and the kinetic current densities of 8.2 and 5.3 mA cm−2, respectively, in acidic and alkaline electrolytes. These results are comparable with Pt/C. The FeCoNiRu‐HESAC is used for Zinc–air battery applications with an open circuit potential of 1.39 V and power density of 0.16 W cm−2. Therefore, a strategy guided by DFT is provided for the rational design of HESAC which can be replaced with high‐cost Pt catalysts toward ORR and beyond.
An Aqueous All‐Quinone‐Based Redox Flow Battery Employing Neutral Electrolyte
Authors: Yang Gaojing , Zhu Yaxun , Hao Zhimeng , Zhang Qiu , Lu Yong , Yan Zhenhua , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRedox flow batteries (RFBs) are considered as promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage. However, traditional RFBs based on toxic metal ions have deficiencies in resource utilization and environmental protection. Considering the corrosiveness of acidic and alkaline electrolytes and sustainability of energy storage devices, neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have more development prospects. Herein, an AORFB is reported, using 9,10‐anthraquinone‐2,7‐disulfonic salt (2,7‐AQDS) and 1,4‐dihydroxyphenylsulfonate potassium (HQS) as negative and positive electroactive materials, respectively. It is found that the anions in the neutral solution further affected the solubility and kinetics of the electroactive materials by affecting the hydrogen bond in the solution, and the Na2SO4 solution showed the optimal comprehensive performance. Therefore, an all‐quinone AORFB employing neutral Na2SO4 electrolytes with a cell voltage of 0.9 V is constructed, which presented a capacity utilization of 70.1% and delivered stable cycling performance at 60 mA cm−2. This work designs an innovative neutral all‐quinone AORFB and points out how anions affect the properties of the electrolyte by affecting hydrogen bonds within the solution. These findings open a new avenue for the design and application of neutral all‐organic aqueous RFBs.
Quantitative Surface Passivation Through Drop‐on‐Demand Inkjet Printing Enables Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tan Li , Jiang Hengyi , Yang Rui , Shen Lina , Sun Chao , Jin Yongbin , Guan Xiang , Song Peiquan , Zheng Lingfang , Tian Chengbo , Xie Liqiang , Yang Jinxin , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeposition of a passivation layer on top of the perovskite is proven to be an effective method for improving the efficiency and long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). And the spin‐coating method is the most typical and popular method developed for this purpose. However, the spin‐coating method wastes substantial passivator materials, thus the quantitative relationship between the passivator amount and the device performance cannot be obtained. Herein, a quantitative deposition method is developed through drop‐on‐demand inkjet printing to investigate the influence of 2‐adamantylamine hydrochloride (2‐ADAHCl) deposition surface density on the device performance, which is found to have a significant impact on the device performance. A low deposition surface density of 1.1 µg cm−2 does not reach its optimum passivation capability. In contrast, an excess deposition surface density of 10.1 µg cm−2 would lead to energy level mismatch and large series resistance at the perovskite/hole transport layer (HTL) interface, thus resulting in inferior device properties. At an optimum deposition surface density of 2.5 µg cm−2, perovskite surface defects are greatly suppressed, and the interfacial contact between perovskite and HTL is improved. Finally, PSCs with a high efficiency of 24.57% are achieved with improved operational and environmental stabilities.
Validity evidence for a team‐leading assessment tool in pediatric emergency resuscitations using video review
Authors: Hartwell Victoria , Edmunds Katherine , Elliott Laura , Williams Brenda , Menk Paul T. , Geis Gary L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEffective leadership of health care action teams has demonstrated positive influence on team performance and patient care, but there is no consensus on how to assess these skills. We developed a novel team leadership assessment tool for leaders of interprofessional pediatric resuscitation teams and collected validity evidence for this tool using video review.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study from November 2021 to October 2022. A novel team leadership assessment tool was developed using literature review and local expertise and then piloted and refined using medical simulation. Pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows from a single tertiary care pediatric medical center were enrolled, and videos of one medical resuscitation and one trauma resuscitation were collected per fellow each month. Three reviewers underwent reviewer training and then scored the videos using the assessment tool. Raters provided feedback on feasibility and ease of use using a 5‐point Likert scale. Inter‐rater reliability for the assessment tool using Gwet's agreement coefficient and the association between performance and clinical level of training using generalized linear mixed model were calculated.ResultsTwelve PEM fellows enrolled and 146 videos were reviewed. The inter‐rater reliability for each domain ranged from 0.45 (p < 0.0001) to 0.59 (p < 0.0001), with the inter‐rater reliability of the total score being 0.49 (p < 0.0001). The reviewers’ mean ratings of the elements of the tool were as follows: clarity of the domains (4.6/5), the independence of each domain from each other (3.9/5), the ease of use of the 5‐point Likert scale (4.5/5), the usefulness of the provided examples for each domain (4.6/5), and the ability to assess each domain without having to rewatch (4.5/5). The tool differentiated between levels of clinical training for two of the six domains (p < 0.02).ConclusionsWe developed a novel team leadership assessment tool for pediatric resuscitation team leaders that demonstrated moderate inter‐rater reliability. The tool was easy to use and feasible for educators to assess the performance of PEM trainees in complex high‐stakes clinical situations.
Ultrasound‐activated in situ click chemistry to trigger autophagosome tracking for enhanced autophagy blockade and synergistic cancer therapy
Authors: Jiang Weixi , Wang Jingxue , Chen Li , Qiu Xiaoling , Du Chier , An Hongjin , Guo Xun , Wang Xiaoting , Wang Junrui , Li Pan , Wang Zhigang , Ran Haitao , Zhou Zhiyi , Chen Xiaoyuan , Zhang Jingjing , Ren Jianli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe blockade of cytoprotective autophagy has been demonstrated to effectively enhance the efficacy of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). However, the limited recognition of antiautophagy agents for autophagosomes impedes the clinical application of autophagy inhibition. To efficiently deliver hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an autophagy inhibitor, to autophagosomes, we utilized a strategy based on in situ click chemistry between sulfhydryl (‐SH) and maleimide (Mal) groups to trigger autophagosomes tracking and suppress tumor growth synergistically. A cascade nanoreactor was synthesized by encapsulating Mal‐modified HCQ (MHCQ) into a manganese porphyrin‐based metal‐organic framework with sonosensitizer properties, followed by poly(ethylene glycol)ylated liposomal membrane coating. After ultrasound irradiation, SDT‐induced apoptotic cells released damaged proteins with free ‐SH groups, which MHCQ rapidly captured in situ via a Mal‐thiol click reaction. When autophagosomes actively wrapped damaged proteins for detoxification, they simultaneously internalized HCQ anchored on proteins. In this scenario, antiautophagy drugs could actively track intracellular autophagosomes instead of undergoing passive diffusion in the cytosol. The interaction between HCQ and autophagic vesicles was greatly enhanced, which strengthened the blocking efficiency of autophagy and resulted in complete cell death. Overall, this study with smart design provides a promising strategy for improving intracellular targeted delivery to autophagosomes, thereby enhancing antitumor therapy.
Sheared settling in viscoelastic shear‐thinning fluids: Empirical studies and model development
Authors: Anyaoku Chukwunonso Chinedu , Bhattacharya Sati , Parthasarathy Rajarathinam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe hydrotransport of settling particles using laminar flow as opposed to the more energy‐ and water‐intensive turbulent flow has remained a tentative option for industries due to the complexity in characterizing particle settling dynamics in opaque non‐Newtonian fluids under sheared conditions. To provide insight into this unknown physics, this study focused on viscoelastic shear‐thinning fluids and developed a semi‐empirical model to characterize the batch‐settling dynamics of dilute suspensions (<5 vol% solids concentration) experiencing a shear field. These suspensions consisted of spherical glass microparticles in aqueous xanthan gum solutions. Settling profiles were measured with Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) while a motorized belt generated a cross‐shear field. The data acquired by the ERT showed that introducing cross‐shear fields into such suspensions increased settling rates when compared with static settling contexts. Then, a semi‐empirical model describing the “acceleration phase” of the settling process was developed and validated at accuracies between 81% and 97%.
Early Colonial Diet in El Japón, Xochimilco, Mexico: Examining dietary continuity through stable isotope analysis of bone collagen and bioapatite
Authors: Alarcón Tinajero Edgar , Reitsema Laurie J. , Gómez‐Valdés Jorge A. , Márquez Morfín Lourdes 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesEarly colonial documents from central Mesoamerica detail raising and planting of European livestock and crops alongside native ones. The extent to which Indigenous people, especially of the rural commoner class, consumed newly introduced foods is less known. This gap in knowledge is addressed through stable isotope analysis and comparison to published archaeological botanical, human, and faunal data.Materials and MethodsStable isotope analysis of bone collagen and bioapatite is applied to 74 skeletal samples of Indigenous human remains representing Colonial period individuals from El Japón—a farming hamlet in the Xochimilco area—to provide insight into long‐term individual dietary practices in the context of a rapidly transforming Mesoamerican world.ResultsCarbon isotope ratios in collagen (δ13Ccollagen) average −8.10/00 VPDB (SD 0.55), while δ15N averages 8.90/00 AIR (SD 0.50). δ13Cbioapatite averages −2.90/00 VPDB (SD 0.60). Modest increase in carbon isotopic diversity is observed among more recent males from El Japón when compared to earlier males and females.DiscussionBased on the isotopic results, it is estimated that the individuals of El Japón consumed maize or other C4 plants as a central source of carbohydrates. Dietary protein was largely supplied through domestic maize‐fed fauna but potentially supplemented by wild terrestrial and aquatic fauna and fowl. Similarity in skeletal isotopic composition between precontact Mesoamericans from other sites and El Japón individuals of both earlier and later stratigraphy is interpreted as continuity in local diets and foodways despite potentially available European alternatives. Colonial taxation demands on preexisting agricultural regimes may have incentivized maize production, thus indirectly contributing to the maize‐centered aspect of local foodways.
Experimental laboratory models as tools for understanding modifiable dementia risk
Authors: Sinclair Duncan , Canty Alison J. , Ziebell Jenna M. , Woodhouse Adele , Collins Jessica M. , Perry Sharn , Roccati Eddy , Kuruvilla Maneesh , Leung Jacqueline , Atkinson Rachel , Vickers James C. , Cook Anthony L. , King Anna E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExperimental laboratory research has an important role to play in dementia prevention. Mechanisms underlying modifiable risk factors for dementia are promising targets for dementia prevention but are difficult to investigate in human populations due to technological constraints and confounds. Therefore, controlled laboratory experiments in models such as transgenic rodents, invertebrates and in vitro cultured cells are increasingly used to investigate dementia risk factors and test strategies which target them to prevent dementia. This review provides an overview of experimental research into 15 established and putative modifiable dementia risk factors: less early‐life education, hearing loss, depression, social isolation, life stress, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity, heavy alcohol use, smoking, air pollution, anesthetic exposure, traumatic brain injury, and disordered sleep. It explores how experimental models have been, and can be, used to address questions about modifiable dementia risk and prevention that cannot readily be addressed in human studies.Highlights
Modifiable dementia risk factors are promising targets for dementia prevention.
Interrogation of mechanisms underlying dementia risk is difficult in human populations.
Studies using diverse experimental models are revealing modifiable dementia risk mechanisms.
We review experimental research into 15 modifiable dementia risk factors.
Laboratory science can contribute uniquely to dementia prevention.
Metabolomics profiling reveals distinct, sex‐specific signatures in serum and brain metabolomes in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Pandey Ravi S. , Arnold Mattias , Batra Richa , Krumsiek Jan , Kotredes Kevin P. , Garceau Dylan , Williams Harriet , Sasner Michael , Howell Gareth R. , Kaddurah‐Daouk Rima , Carter Gregory W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIncreasing evidence suggests that metabolic impairments contribute to early Alzheimer's disease (AD) mechanisms and subsequent dementia. Signals in metabolic pathways conserved across species can facilitate translation.METHODSWe investigated differences in serum and brain metabolites between the early‐onset 5XFAD and late‐onset LOAD1 (APOE4.Trem2*R47H) mouse models of AD to C57BL/6J controls at 6 months of age.RESULTSWe identified sex differences for several classes of metabolites, such as glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and amino acids. Metabolic signatures were notably different between brain and serum in both mouse models. The 5XFAD mice exhibited stronger differences in brain metabolites, whereas LOAD1 mice showed more pronounced differences in serum.DISCUSSIONSeveral of our findings were consistent with results in humans, showing glycerophospholipids reduction in serum of apolipoprotein E (apoE) ε4 carriers and replicating the serum metabolic imprint of the APOE ε4 genotype. Our work thus represents a significant step toward translating metabolic dysregulation from model organisms to human AD.Highlights
This was a metabolomic assessment of two mouse models relevant to Alzheimer's disease.
Mouse models exhibit broad sex‐specific metabolic differences, similar to human study cohorts.
The early‐onset 5XFAD mouse model primarily alters brain metabolites while the late‐onset LOAD1 model primarily changes serum metabolites.
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) ε4 mice recapitulate glycerophospolipid signatures of human APOE ε4 carriers in both brain and serum.
Glycol Monomethyl Ether‐Substituted Carbazolyl Hole‐Transporting Material for Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency of 25.52 %
Authors: Zhou Hui , Wang Weilin , Duan Yuwei , Sun Rui , Li Yong , Xie Zhuang , Xu Dongfang , Wu Meizi , Wang Youliang , Li Hongxiang , Fan Qunping , Peng Yang , Yao Yao , Liao Chentong , Peng Qiang , Liu Shengzhong , Liu Zhike 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOrganic self‐assembled molecules (OSAMs) based hole‐transporting materials play a pivotal role in achieving highly efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs). However, the reported carbazol‐based OSAMs have serious drawbacks, such as poor wettability for perovskite solution spreading due to the nonpolar surface, worse matched energy arrangement with perovskite, and limited molecular species, which greatly limit the device performance. To address above problems, a novel OSAM [4‐(3,6‐glycol monomethyl ether‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl) butyl]phosphonic acid (GM‐4PACz) was synthesized as hole‐transporting material by introducing glycol monomethyl ether (GM) side chains at carbazolyl unit. GM groups enhance the surface energy of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)/SAM substrate to facilitate the nucleation and growth of up perovskite film, suppress cation defects, release the residual stress at SAM/perovskite interface, and evaluate energy level for matching with perovskite. Consequently, the GM‐4PACz based IPSC achieves a champion PCE of 25.52 %, a respectable open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.21 V, a high stability, possessing 93.29 % and 91.75 % of their initial efficiency after aging in air for 2000 h or tracking at maximum power point for 1000 h, respectively.