bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
#593 Prevalence and outcomes of tuberculous peritonitis among CAPD patients in National Kidney and Transplant Institute from January 2016 to January 2023
Authors: Garcia Maria Angelica Carrene , Imperial Pamela Marie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is a cost effective and efficient modality of renal replacement therapy. However, infectious processes such as peritonitis may lead to peritoneal membrane failure necessitating shift to hemodialysis. Tuberculous peritonitis is an unusual cause of peritonitis, which may lead to risk of hospitalization and significant morbidity and mortality.

Aims
To determine the prevalence and outcomes of tuberculous peritonitis among patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Method
A retrospective, descriptive study of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with tuberculous peritonitis from January 2016 to January 2023 in National Kidney and Transplant Institute. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of patients with TB peritonitis were collected via chart review.

Results
Among 1182 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, 2.03% had tuberculous peritonitis. Average length of time from development of symptoms to diagnosis is 24.5 days. Majority of presenting symptoms were hazy drain and abdominal pain. 66.7% retained their peritoneal dialysis catheter. PD catheter was removed in 33% of TB peritonitis due to peritoneal dialysis failure and unresolving peritonitis. Mortality was 37.5% after diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis. Only significant factor associated with mortality was length of time on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis to development of TB peritonitis (p = 0.0332).

Conclusion
Relative high prevalence of tuberculous peritonitis could be related to high background occurrence of tuberculosis in the country. Majority of cases had resolution of symptoms and effective dialysis during course of anti-tuberculous treatment and did not warrant peritoneal dialysis catheter removal.
#2881 Glucose free-based solutions reduce oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis: support for a new promising approach
Authors: Basso Anna , Anastasio Paola Baldini , Bertoldi Giovanni , Driussi Giulia , Caputo Ilaria , Cacciapuoti Martina , Lorenzo Calò 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Oxidative stress (OxSt) and inflammation are common in CKD which are known CV and mortality risk factors. In peritoneal dialysis (PD) OxSt and Inflammation even increase due to the use of glucose-based solutions. This study evaluated in PD patients the effect of 3 and 6 months treatment with icodextrin-based glucose-free solutions on OxSt and inflammation.

Method
In 15 PD patients using a molecular biology approach, p22phox protein expression (Western blot), subunit of NADPH oxidase, essential for OxSt activation, MYPT-1 phosphorylation state, marker of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway activity, deeply involved in OxSt generation (Western blot) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) production (fluorimetric assay), marker of lipid peroxidation, have been evaluated. High-sensitive C Reactive Protein (hsCRP) (immunoturbidimetric assay) and interleukin (IL)-6 (chemiluminescence assay), have been used as marker of inflammation.

Results
p22phox protein expression, MYPT-1 phosphorylation, and MDA level were reduced after 3 months from the start of icodextrin based solutions (1.28 ± 0.18 d.u. vs 1.50 ± 0.19, p = 0.049; 0.89 ± 0.03 vs 0.98 ± 0.03, p = 0.004; 4.20 ± 0.18 nmol/mL vs 4.84 ± 0.32 nmol/mL, p = 0.045, respectively). In a subgroup of 9 patients who continued the treatment up to 6 months MYPT-1 phosphorylation was further reduced at 6 months compared to baseline (0.84 ± 0.06 vs 0.99 ± 0.04, p = 0.043), while p22phox protein expression was reduced only at 6 months from baseline (1.03 ± 0.05 vs 1.68 ± 0.22, p = 0.021). In this subgroup MDA blood level was reduced at 6 months from baseline (4.03 ± 0.24 nmol/mL vs 4.68 ± 0.32, p = 0.024) and was also significantly reduced vs 3 months (4.03 ± 0.24 vs 4.35 ± 0.21, p = 0.008). IL-6 level, although reduced compared to baseline, did not reach statistical significance both at 3 and 6 months, while hsPCR was unchanged.

Conclusion
The icodextrin-based PD solutions mediated reduction of OxSt related proteins and inflammation we have provided, although obtained in a small cohort of patients and for a limited time duration, strongly support the rationale of using in PD osmo-metabolic agents-based solutions replacing the currently used glucose-based fluids. The results of ongoing studies with these agents in PD patients will provide definitive proofs to better preserve peritoneal membrane integrity and residual renal function but also to reduce CV risk factors such as OxSt and inflammation.
#2894 pre-mRNA FOXP3 levels after transplant do not reflect risk of rejection
Authors: Saleh Qais , Rasmussen Marianne , Tepel Martin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is the master gene regulator of T regulatory cells, and is crucial for their suppressive function. In kidney transplant recipients, low post-transplant levels of FOXP3 in peripheral blood has been associated with increased risk of kidney allograft rejection. However, it is unknown if low post-transplant levels of FOXP3 pre-mRNA is also associated with increased risk of kidney allograft rejection. Here we aim to test if pre-mRNA FOXP3 levels are associated with the risk of rejection post-transplant in kidney transplant recipients.

Method
We collected blood samples from incident kidney transplant recipients the first day after transplantation. From these, we extracted peripheral blood mononuclear cell ribonucleic acid and measured pre-mRNA FOXP3 transcripts with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Pre-mRNA FOXP3 levels were normalized to β-actin, and converted to a logarithmic scale. We collected data concerning rejection episodes through medical record review. Kidney transplant recipients that had at least one recorded acute kidney allograft rejection episode within the first three months post-transplant were defined as recipients with a rejection episode. Data is presented as median [interquartile range] and tested with Wilcoxon rank sum test.

Results
We measured pre-mRNA FOXP3 in 515 incident kidney transplant recipients, 52 experienced a rejection episode within the first three months post-transplant. Pre-mRNA levels did not differ between recipients with vs without rejection, logarithmic value of normalized pre-mRNA FOXP3 −4.48 [−4.63 to −4.10] vs −4.41 [−4.69 to −4.11], p = 0.80. The pattern persisted regardless of donor type, deceased recipients with rejection (N = 25) vs deceased recipients without—(N = 268), −4.47 [−4.62 to −4.26] vs −4.46 [−4.71 to −4.25], p = 0.90. Living ABO-compatible recipients with rejection (N = 19) vs living ABO-compatible recipients without—(N = 139), −4.49 [−4.64 to −4.14] vs −4.35 [−4.65 to −3.93], p = 0.30. Living ABO-incompatible recipients with rejection (N = 8) vs living ABO-compatible recipients without—(N = 56), −4.13 [−4.48 vs −3.88] vs −4.20 [−4.61 to −3.88], p = 0.70.

Conclusion
In kidney transplant recipients, early post-transplant abundance of pre-mRNA FOXP3 transcripts were similar regardless of risk of kidney allograft rejection post-transplant.
#1866 Gender gap in renal transplantation, myth or truth?
Authors: Acosta-Ochoa Isabel , Ardura Paula , Moultamis Aya , Martínez María , Ronda Teresa , Abad Cristina , Coca Armando , Cobo Kenia , Merizalde Carlos , Fernández Beatriz , Mendiluce Alicia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Multiple works show that women are less likely to receive a kidney transplant (Tx) compared to their male counterparts. We aimed to study the sex differences in access to Tx in our waiting list. We also studied the rate of masculine and feminine donors (Do) and their match to same-sex recipients (Rc).

Method
We included all adult patients active in our transplant waiting list during a 2-year period (from January 1-2021 to December 31-2022). Our center is a medium volume transplant center, and we only perform Tx from deceased donors, and don't perform combined organ transplantation. We analyzed the rate of women vs male, and Rc's and Do's sex, the degree of sex match and mismatch. We evaluated differences in time in waiting list until Tx, re-transplantation, and hyperimmunized patients, between groups.

Results
270 individuals were active in our waiting list, 174 (64%) men, and 96 (36%) women. 142 were transplanted during the study period, 92 (65%) were males, and 50 (35%) females. We found no differences in terms of age, BMI, time to Tx, condition of hyperimmunized or re-Tx in the Rc's group and the rate of Tx (p = 0.34) (see Table A). We had 102 donors, ♀ 41 (40%), ♂ 61 (60%), regarding to their features, differences between age and BMI were statistically non-significant, neither in individually nor delta analysis (see Tables B-C, and Figs A-B). Proportionally more male kidneys were transplanted to female Rc's.

Conclusion
In our sample, we had a 2:1 rate of males to women in our waiting list, and in access to Tx. Relatively more women received a kidney form a male Do (46 vs 31%). Although other studies find a gender gap in access to kidney Tx, this phenomenon was not found in our sample. However, our results may be conditioned by a small sample size. We need to design well powered and multicentric studies, to dilucidate this controversial issue.
#2935 Kidney transplantation outcomes following non-kidney solid organ transplantation
Authors: Alonso Marta , Villanego Florentino , Singh Arshdeep , Amaro José Manuel , López Verónica , Roncero Francisco Manuel González , Rodríguez-Benot Alberto , Ruiz-Fuentes Maria Carmen , Castro Pablo , Mazuecos Auxiliadora 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Approximately 15% of recipients of non-kidney solid organ transplantation (NKSOT) develop end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), requiring kidney transplantation (KT). There are controversy whether KT after NKSOT outcomes are poor or whether these patients should be prioritized.

Method
Retrospective analysis of KT after NKSOT in Andalusia between 1978-2023. We performed a case-control study, choosing 2 controls for each case (1 recipient of a second KT [reKT] and 1 recipient of a first KT without previous NKSOT), the closest ones with KT date and similar age and gender between donor and recipient. Patients with renopancreatic transplantation were excluded. We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Results
During this period, we followed 12217 KT in Andalusia. Of these, 35 (0.003%) are KT after NKSOT: 26 (74.3%) liver transplant recipients, 7 (20%) heart transplant recipients and 2 (5.7%) lung transplant recipients. All of them are recipients of a first KT.
When comparing KT after NKSOT vs. reKT and first KT recipients, demographic characteristics and donor type are similar in all 3 groups. The reKT recipients were on dialysis longer before receiving the second KT, with no difference between the other 2 groups. Graft survival of reKT patients was lower than the rest (vs. KT after NKSOT, p = 0.014; vs. first KT p &lt; 0.001). Survival between KT after NKSOT and first KT was slightly worse in those who had received a previous NKSOT, but without significant differences. In multivariate analysis, adjusted for time on waiting list, reKT remained a risk factor at the limit of statistical significance (p = 0.072). There was no difference in patient survival.

Conclusion
KT after NKSOT has similar graft and patient survival outcomes to recipients of a first KT, and better than in recipients of a second KT.
Illegal shooting of protected nongame birds along power lines coincides with places and times of peak legal recreational shooting
Authors: Thomason Eve C , Belthoff James R , Poessel Sharon A , Katzner Todd E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Illegal killing of protected nongame birds is pervasive and can be demographically relevant. In 2021 and 2022, we evaluated spatial and temporal patterns in illegal killing of birds along 69.7 km of power lines in the Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area in Idaho, USA, to provide insight into potential drivers behind the activity and key information to manage this threat across the American west. The illegal shooting of 8 species of raptors and corvids we documented was clumped both temporally and spatially, as opposed to being randomly distributed across the year and landscape. We found 72 illegally shot birds, most killed during spring months (March to May), coincident with peak time periods of legal recreational shooting activity, and in places with high levels of recreational shooting. We also found evidence of targeted killing of raptors in the conservation area in areas not associated with recreational shooting. Given the numbers of nesting pairs of some local raptor species, this shooting is likely demographically relevant for some but not all local populations. Likewise, with the prevalence of recreational shooting across the American west, the inference we draw is broadly relevant beyond our Idaho study area. The insight our work provides can enable owners of power lines, law enforcement agencies, and resource managers to coordinate in outreach, regulatory, and law enforcement action to manage a threat that may have widespread impacts for some avian species.
The roles of abiotic and biotic factors in driving range shifts: An invasive Pomacea snail facilitates Rostrhamus sociabilis (Snail Kite) northward range expansion
Authors: Machado-Stredel Fernando , Atauchi P Joser , Nuñez-Penichet Claudia , Cobos Marlon E , Osorio-Olvera Luis , Khalighifar Ali , Peterson A Townsend , Fletcher Robert J 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Rostrhamus sociabilis (Snail Kite) have recently expanded their range in Florida, tracking the invasion of a Pomacea snail (P. maculata), and exhibiting considerable changes in bill size and feeding niche. This range expansion is not aligned with changes in climatic conditions or the distribution of their historic prey (P. paludosa). The Eltonian Noise Hypothesis (ENH), which posits that interactive (biotic) factors have stronger effects on species’ distributions at local scales, predicts that noninteractive (abiotic) factors are generally more relevant at geographic extents. However, in this study, we explore the R. sociabilis range shift as a potential counterexample of the ENH. Under the biotic-abiotic-mobility framework (BAM), we explore the role of biotic and abiotic factors in the northward range expansion of this endangered species. Over the past 15 years, R. sociabilis have begun consuming the more-abundant invasive snails more often, while increasing in bill size, expanding ~175 km northward from previous range limits in the Kissimmee River Valley. We developed ecological niche models using 3 algorithms (Maxent, generalized linear model, ellipsoids) and found stability in climatic suitability between past and present models. Moreover, although native snails occur in northern Florida, R. sociabilis have had a historically patchy northern distribution due in part to the availability of appropriate wetland conditions. We found a strong latitudinal cline, with bill length increasing with latitude at least through 2020, suggesting that this morphological change broadened the species’ biotic suitable area and distributional potential. The interplay between changes in phenotype and biotic interactions has been poorly documented in distributional ecology, given a lack of rich occurrence datasets. Here, we highlight a case in which a biological invasion and subsequent changes in morphology and diet have facilitated the expansion of a specialized predator into areas that were unsuitable until recently.
Conclusion
Authors: Miller Seumas , Bossomaier Terry 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work a set of ethical guidelines have been devised to give direction to regulation and other measures constitutive of effective and ethically sustainable webs of prevention in the service of cybersecurity. Webs of prevention are to be understood as institutionally embedded means of discharging collective moral responsibilities directed to the realization of the collective good of cybersecurity. These webs of prevention are fashioned to combat cyberthreats in the various thematic cybersecurity domains discussed in this work—namely, privacy/autonomy, freedom of political communication, criminal justice, public health, and cyber conflict.
Climate Change
Authors: Schofield John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The first of this book’s thematic chapters addresses the wicked problem of climate change. This is the wicked problem that archaeologists have engaged with most. It is also an area of research that has long focused the minds of heritage practitioners, concerned with the impacts of coast erosion on the survival of what are currently terrestrial archaeological sites, for example. The chapter provides examples from around the world that involve conventional archaeological research, coastal monitoring, and science-led investigations. It outlines the extent to which archaeology and heritage practice have engaged with climate change. It asks why does climate change research need archaeology and offers examples of how archaeologists are addressing this issue. It looks at how small wins and policy entrepreneurship can provide a framework for archaeological and heritage-based investigations to play a central and meaningful role within climate change research.
Health and Well-being
Authors: Schofield John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 relates the concepts of wicked problems and small wins to health and well-being, presenting some of the significant impacts that archaeology and heritage studies have had. The chapter outlines what health and well-being mean and the degree to which they constitute a wicked problem. It introduces the notion of social capital as one way of framing this problem and World Health Organization data as another. Cultural participation has been proven to benefit health in various ways, and both archaeology and heritage practice are discussed as examples of this, including excavations, with the additional benefits of taking people out of doors. Place attachment is also relevant, helping people to form identity and provide security in an unstable world. The chapter presents examples of small wins and the policy work of heritage organizations which can make a very significant difference to individuals and to communities.
The Context
Authors: Rusterholz Caroline 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 sets the stage for a study of teenage sex. It provides an overview of the social, cultural, and political contexts that made young people’s sexuality an object of sociological inquiry and public discussion, and paints a picture of youth sexual behaviour through statistics and data gathered in sexual health surveys during the period under study. It then turns to the way youth sexuality was perceived and debated by experts and the mass media. The chapter then turns to the key players in sexual health services before the opening of Brook, namely the Family Planning Association (FPA) and Marie Stopes Foundation, and highlights their main values. Finally, it focuses on the key role played by Helen Brook in expanding sexual health services to unmarried young women.
General Conclusions
Authors: Hladký Vojtěch 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This section gives the final summary of the more detailed analyses of the previous chapters. It discusses the role of Heraclitus in the Derveni papyrus, who provides a philosophical explication of various religious phenomena, including sacrifice described at length in the opening columns. Then the chapter recapitulates the strategies of the Derveni commentator who attempts to explain away some disturbing features of the Orphic poems. The interpretation provided in the book establishes parallels between the successive generations of the gods from the Orphic theogony preserved in the Derveni papyrus and the various steps in which the world progressively acquires its current shape. At the same time, it briefly compares the approach of the Orphic poem and its Presocratic commentator to the traditional religion.
The Nature of Biodiversity
Authors: Kassen Rees 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This final chapter serves three purposes. The first is to summarize the key results in the form of a sketch for a general theory for the evolution of biodiversity. The second is to place these results into the broader context of evolutionary biology by discussing explicitly the limitations of the experimental evolution approach. The third is to offer some directions forward to guide future work on the evolution of biodiversity, both for experimental evolution in particular and for evolutionary biology more generally. These also strike close to the heart of this book, and the title of this chapter—the nature of biodiversity.
“Directed in the path of duty”
Authors: Smith Eric C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The British invasion of Charleston in 1780 displaced Hart to Hopewell, New Jersey, where he accepted the pastorate of the Philadelphia Baptist Association’s largest congregation. Hart’s diaries and letters from this period provide a window into how the events of the American Revolution impacted the life of one ordinary Baptist minister, as he closely observed the war’s developments, attempted to minister to local troops, and begged his wife and children by post to join him in his new home. The war also thrust upon Hart a new set of pastoral challenges, as the large Hopewell church proved to be internally divided and resistant to his revivalist ministry. He did, however, find a niche in the broader Philadelphia Association, where he helped hold the line for traditional Baptist orthodoxy during the years of major doctrinal innovation after the Revolutionary War, contending with the rise of the New Divinity, Universalism, and a host of more radical religious sects.
Family Dispute Resolution
Authors: Salem Peter , Olson Kelly Browe , White Abby 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the impetus for and evolution of family dispute resolution (FDR) in the public and private sectors. It discusses the rapid early development of family mediation and how it became a catalyst for FDR development as well as legal practice changes that support and mirror collaborative FDR processes. It identifies the challenges created by a constantly evolving field of practice. It touches on the multitude of FDR processes, from preventive parent education programs and collaborative mediation processes to hybrid processes including parenting coordination through family arbitration. It is encouraged by the number of processes that foster collaborative behavior, focus on integrative negotiation, and, most importantly, emphasize the well-being of children. The chapter also discusses the complicated evolution of FDR, where similar processes go by different names, some jurisdictions have limited oversight, and the availability of public and private resources has a large impact on their capacity and use.
Early Negotiation Processes
Authors: Lande John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Collectively, early negotiation processes are much more common than hostile court cases. This chapter illustrates a wide variety of approaches to early negotiation in family cases. It describes “kitchen-table” negotiations between the parties that lead to uncontested divorces or other agreements such as modifications of court orders. Many lawyers in traditional legal practice routinely seek to settle family law cases at the earliest appropriate time. In addition, some lawyers offer specialized early negotiation services, particularly collaborative law. This chapter describes procedures for case assessment used in these various processes. The conclusion describes general benefits and risks of early negotiation and suggests how these processes can benefit more parties and lawyers.