bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Going, Going, Gone? The Apparent Demise of the Accruals Anomaly
Authors: Green Jeremiah , Hand John R. M. , Soliman Mark T. 
Published: April 2011

Consistent with public statements made by sophisticated practitioners, we document that the hedge returns to Sloan's (Sloan, R. G. 1996. Do stock prices fully reflect information in accruals and cash flows about future earnings? Accounting Rev. 71(3) 289–315) accruals anomaly appear to have decayed in U.S. stock markets to the point that they are, on average, no longer reliably positive. We explore some potential reasons why this has happened. Our empirical analyses suggest that the anomaly's demise stems in part from an increase in the amount of capital invested by hedge funds into exploiting it, as measured by hedge fund assets under management and trading volume in extreme accrual firms. A decline in the size of the accrual mispricing signal, as measured by the magnitude of extreme decile accruals and the relative persistence of cash flows and accruals, may also play a (weaker) role. This paper was accepted by Stefan Reichelstein, accounting.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Holotranscobalamin, Methylmalonic Acid, Serum Cobalamin, and Other Indicators of Tissue Vitamin B12 Status in the Elderly
Authors: Valente Edward , Scott John M , Ueland Per-Magne , Cunningham Conal , Casey Miriam , Molloy Anne M 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND
Vitamin B12 deficiency is common among the elderly, and early detection is clinically important. However, clinical signs and symptoms have limited diagnostic accuracy and there is no accepted reference test method.

METHODS
In elderly subjects (n = 700; age range 63–97 years), we investigated the ability of serum cobalamin, holotranscobalamin (holoTC), total homocysteine (tHcy), methylmalonic acid (MMA), serum and erythrocyte folate, and other hematologic variables to discriminate cobalamin deficiency, defined as red blood cell cobalamin &lt;33 pmol/L.

RESULTS
Serum holoTC was the best predictor, with area under the ROC curve (95% CI) 0.90 (0.86–0.93), and this was significantly better (P ≤ 0.0002) than the next best predictors; serum cobalamin, 0.80 (0.75–0.85), and MMA, 0.78 (0.72–0.83). For these 3 analytes, we constructed a 3-zone partition of positive and negative zones and a deliberate indeterminate zone between. The boundaries were values of each test that resulted in a posttest probability of deficiency of 60% and a posttest probability of no deficiency of 98%. The proportion of indeterminate observations for holoTC, cobalamin, and MMA was 14%, 45%, and 50%, respectively. Within the holoTC indeterminate zone (defined as 20–30 pmol/L), discriminant analysis selected only erythrocyte folate, which correctly allocated 65% (58/89) of the observations. Renal dysfunction compromised the diagnostic accuracy of MMA but not holoTC or serum cobalamin.

CONCLUSIONS
This study supports the use of holoTC as the first-line diagnostic procedure for vitamin B12 status.
Pharmacogenetics of tacrolimus after renal transplantation: analysis of polymorphisms in genes encoding 16 drug metabolizing enzymes
Authors: Tavira Beatriz , Garciá Eliecer Coto , Díaz-Corte Carmen , Ortega Francisco , Arias Manuel , Torres Armando , Díaz Juan M. , Selgas Rafael , López-Larrea Carlos , Campistol Josep M. , Alvarezca Victoria 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background: Tacrolimus (Tac) is an immunosuppressive drug used to prevent post-transplant (PT) organ rejection. Continuous Tac monitoring is necessary to adjust the dose and prevent toxicity or rejection. Tac is metabolized by cytochrome-P450 (CYP) enzymes, and variation at the CYP and other drug metabolizing enzymes could influence Tac bio-availability and dose requirements. Our aim was to define the effect of DNA variants at 16 drug metabolising enzymes on Tac dose in patients with kidney transplants.

Methods: The REDINREN Pharmacogenetics Project was a multicenter study designed to evaluate the effect of DNA polymorphisms on Tac dose requirements. A total of 200 patients who received a first cadaveric kidney and Tac as primary immunosuppressive drug were genotyped for 96 DNA polymorphisms on 16 genes. Significant associations were further replicated in a second group of 200 patients. The Tac daily dose was adjusted to achieve a blood concentration of 10–15 ng/mL in the period 0–3 months PT, and 5–10 ng/mL thereafter. The dose of tacrolimus dose and blood concentrations were compared between genotypes at 1 week, 6 months, and 1 year PT.

Results: The CYP3A5 genotype (SNP rs776746) was the strongest predictor of Tac dose requirements. Patients who were CYP3A5*3*3 (CYP3A5 non-expressors) received significantly higher Tac dose at 1 week, 6 months, and 1 year PT (p<0.0001). At 1 week, 41% of the CYP3A5 non-expressors achieved target blood concentrations compared to 26% of the CYP3A5 expressors (p=0.007). We also found a significant effect of CYP3A4 genotype (SNP rs2740574) on Tac dose requirements in patients who were CYP3A5 non-expressors. None of the other polymorphisms were related to Tac dose requirements or modified the effect of the CYP3A5 genotype.

Conclusions: rs776746 (CYP3A5) and rs2740574 (CYP3A4) were the only SNPs associated with Tac dosage. The genotyping of these polymorphisms could be a useful pharmacogenetic tool to determine the Tac dose immediately after transplantation.
Impact at Age 11 Years of Major Neonatal Morbidities in Children Born Extremely Preterm
Authors: Farooqi Aijaz , Hägglöf Bruno , Sedin Gunnar , Serenius Fredrik 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:Uncertainty continues regarding the extent to which neonatal morbidities predict poor long-term outcome and functional abilities in extremely preterm infants.OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to determine the impact of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), ultrasonographic signs of brain injury, and severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) on 11-year outcomes in infants born at &lt;26 weeks' gestation.METHODS:A total of 247 infants were born alive before 26 completed weeks of gestation from 1990 through 1992 in all of Sweden, and 98 (40%) survived to a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks. Main outcome measures were (1) poor outcome, defined as combined end point of death after 36 weeks' postmenstrual age or survival with at least 1 major disability at 11 years, and (2) consequences of chronic conditions in the survivors according to a validated instrument administered to parents.RESULTS:Brain injury and severe ROP but not BPD correlated independently with poor outcome at 11 years of age. Among children who were free from BPD, brain injury, and severe ROP, 10% had a poor outcome. Corresponding rates with any 1, any 2, and all 3 neonatal morbidities were 19%, 58%, and 80%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that brain injury and severe ROP were associated with high rates of consequences of chronic conditions.CONCLUSIONS:In infants born extremely preterm who survive to a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks, severe ROP and brain injury separately predict the risk of death or major disability at 11 years of age. Thus, continued research to determine how to prevent these complications of prematurity is critical.
The Relationship Between Hispanic Parents and Their Preschool-Aged Children's Physical Activity
Authors: Ruiz Rachel , Gesell Sabina B. , Buchowski Maciej S. , Lambert Warren , Barkin Shari L. 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE:
The goal of this study was to examine activity pattern associations between Hispanic parents and their preschool-aged children.

METHODS:
We examined baseline data collected as part of a randomized controlled trial. Self-defined Hispanic parents with children aged 3 to 5 years were randomly assigned to either a weekly healthy lifestyle group (intervention) or a monthly school-readiness group (control) for 3 months. There were no weight eligibility criteria. All participants were instructed to wear an accelerometer for up to 7 consecutive days to measure physical activity.

RESULTS:
Of the 106 dyads enrolled in the study, 80 children and 85 parents provided useable actigraphy data. Mean percentage of time spent in sedentary behaviors was 82.0% (SD: 10.4) for parents and 69.8% (SD: 18.5) for preschool-aged children. Percentage of awake time per day spent in sedentary behavior was strongly correlated for parents and children (r = 0.597; P &lt; .001). Correlations between activity level were large (r = 0.895 and 0.739 for low and moderate activity levels, respectively), except for vigorous activity level, for which the parent-child correlation was nonsignificant (P = .64) because of a near-0 level of vigorous parental activity. Child's age (P = .81) and gender (P = .43) were nonsignificant predictors of child activity levels.

CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that parental activity levels are a powerful explanation of preschool-aged child activity levels, except for vigorous activity, which children do on their own without parental participation. Hispanic parents play a critical role in setting physical activity patterns in their children.
What is an Opinion Anyway?
Authors: Sparrow Nick 
Published: April 2011

Traditional polls assume that opinions on any political or social issue can be collected simply by asking straightforward questions and recording the answers. Wrong. Many people have not carefully sifted the available information or formed a firm opinion prior to interview. Nevertheless a traditional poll counts all responses as having equal validity, however and whenever they are formed. Qualitative research, although allowing more open discussion, nevertheless exerts the same pressure on respondents to have a view. Group dynamics and the discussion guide and leader also combine to steer the group towards consensus. If only people were made to pay attention to the facts and substantive issues, as in a deliberative poll, then we would know what ‘informed’ public opinion would think. Trouble is, as the government has found, the answers obtained could be said to be critically dependent on the information the researchers choose to provide to respondents. This paper investigates the potential for large-scale e-Delphi polling methods, simply giving large representative samples of voters simple questions on broad topic areas to consider. Via an iterative process, the job of researcher is then to observe what views people hold and give those views back to respondents to rate and comment on. The method allows people to think about the broad subject area, express a view in their own time, if they have one, and/or respond to the views of others. We can observe which thoughts are popular and which have an infectious capability. Critically, the job of the researcher is not to ask – but to listen.
In vitro Propagation of the Biodiesel Plant Jatropha curcas L.
Authors: Kalimuthu K. , Paulsamy S. , Senthilkumar R. , Sathya M. 
Published: April 2011

The biodiesel plant, Jatropha curcas L. was micropropagated using nodal explants on MS supplemented with BAP (1.5 mg/l), Kn (0.5 mg/l) and IAA (0.1 mg/l). Somatic embryos were induced directly from green cotyledon explants on MS fortified with 2 mg/l of BAP. The results of histological studies showed that several layers of meristematic cells participated in the formation of somatic embryos. Rooting was effectively achieved on MS supplemented with IAA at 1.0 mg/l. The subsequent hardening experiment showed that the commercial medium containing a mixture of decomposed coir waste, perlite and organic compost in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume was most effective, 80% plantlets survived. Key words: Jatropha curcas, Nodal explants, Cotyledons, Somatic Embryos, Multiple shoot formation D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v17i2.3234 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 17(2): 137-147, 2007 (December)
Accumulation of Proline in NaCl-treated Callus of Six Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Cultivars
Authors: Mohamed A.N. , Rahman M.H. , Alsadon A.A. , Islam R. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract not available Key words: Lycopersicon escutentum, Callus, Proline D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v17i2.3242 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 17(2): 217-220, 2007 (December)
Morbidities of preterm VLBW neonates and the bacteriological profile of sepsis cases
Authors: Hoque MM , Ahmed ASMNU , Halder SK , Khan MFH , Chowdhury MAKA 
Published: April 2011

Background: Preterm very low birth weight babies are at increased risk of perinatal, neonatal and postnatal mortality and morbidity, mainly due to infections and complications of prematurity. Mortality of VLBW neonates is 30 times more than that of normal weight. Outcomes of such infants have been reported extensively from developed countries, but less is known from developing countries like Bangladesh though prematurity is very common.Objective: To determine the morbidities associated with preterm VLBW neonates with particular emphasis on sepsis. Methods: A prospective cohort study was done in Special Care Baby Unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital from July 2009 to December 2009. Preterm VLBW neonates admitted within 7 days of age comprised the cohort for the study. Detailed physical findings and information on pregnancy, delivery and immediate postnatal period were recorded on enrolment. Sepsis workup was done whenever sepsis was suspected clinically. Daily follow-up was given till discharge/death and relevant clinical findings recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS 12. Results: A total of 738 neonates were admitted during study period, 92 were preterm VLBW and enrolled in the cohort. Fifty-two (56.5%) of the enrolled cases were male and 40 (43.5%) female, male female ratio of 1.3:1. Mean gestational age was 30.8±2.4 weeks and mean birth weight 1,320±133 grams. Eight cases (8.7%) had features of septicaemia on admission and 49 (53.2%) neonates subsequently developed nosocomial infections. Other morbidities were jaundice (34.8%), RDS (8.7%), NEC (4.3%), TTN (3.3%), IVH (2.2%) and PDA (1.1%). Blood culture was positive in 29.8% among 57 suspected sepsis cases; Acinetobacter (41.2%) was the most common organism, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.5%), Escherichia coli (23.5%) and Pseudomonas sp. (11.8%). Sixty (62.5%) preterm VLBW neonates were improved and discharged, 3 (3.3%) cases were discharged on risk bond and 29 (31.5%) died.Conclusions: Preterm VLBW neonates are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Septicemia is the most common and devastating morbidity, most infections are hospital acquired. Therefore strict protocol for asepsis in neonatal units must be adhered to when handling these high risk infants. Key words: Preterm; very low birth weight; septicaemia; morbidity; mortalityDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v4i1.6955Pulse Vol.4 January 2010 p.5-9
Face à l'enfant qui peut ou qui va mourir
Authors: Oppenheim Daniel , Roussy Gustave 
Published: April 2011

Résumé Face à l’enfant qui peut ou qui va mourir – Il n’est pas facile pour un soignant de trouver la juste position face à un enfant qui peut ou qui va mourir. Les difficultés cliniques et éthiques sont intimement liées, et inhérentes à cette situation. Nous en décrivons les principales, ainsi que les façons de s’y confronter. Au-delà des impératifs de bienfaisance, de respect de son autonomie, de justice, les questions centrales sont : « Qui est-il pour moi ; qui suis-je pour lui ; que (me) veut-il ; que veux-je pour lui ? » Ceci implique de savoir ce qu’est un enfant, ce qu’est la mort pour lui, de ne pas prendre au pied de la lettre ses paroles, de se méfier des idées toutes faites ; aussi d’être suffisamment au clair avec sa vocation, ses idéaux, ses objectifs, son travail, ses collègues. Il importe de tenir compte du présent et de l’avenir ; de l’enfant, de ses parents et de sa fratrie (et de l’équipe). Il importe aussi de penser au présent et au court terme, mais aussi à son devenir (aussi court qu’il puisse parfois être) et à celui de ses proches. Il est nécessaire donc de tenir compte aussi de ce qui est important pour lui (qui ne coïncide pas toujours totalement avec l’objectif de la guérison) et de ceux qui comptent pour lui.
Peri hermeneias 16a3-8
Authors: Mora-Márquez Ana María 
Published: April 2011

Résumé Nous proposons de montrer une rupture que la tradition interprétative médiévale du passage 16a3-8 du De interpretatione a subie dans la seconde moitié du xiii e siècle. On met ainsi en évidence que, dans cette même période, s’est façonnée une nouvelle théorie de la signification, qu’on retrouve notamment dans l’œuvre de théologiens franciscains ou proches des idées franciscaines, opposée sur des points fondamentaux à celle qui a été transmise par Boèce dans son deuxième commentaire du De interpretatione.
Martyre blanc et martyr rouge Proposition théologique
Authors: Margron Véronique 
Published: April 2011

Cet article aborde la question du « style de vie » des chrétiens et non de la volonté de mourir au nom d’une cause. C’est la référence, pour eux, à Jésus le Christ, mort en faveur d’autrui car c’est ainsi qu’il a vécu, qui est le commun dénominateur de leur art de vivre, de la donation de la vie. Un rapport singulier au temps se manifeste : le présent est kairos , « entre-deux temps » de la décision où se joue la vérité de la mémoire vive de l’amour du fils de Dieu. Le centre de gravité du monde n’est pas dans la réussite mondaine, mais en ce « non lieu » de la croix de cet homme-là. L’auteur poursuit cette problématique en rappelant l’histoire des sept moines de Tibhirine. Communauté de paix pour témoigner d’un Dieu désarmé , lui aussi. Le martyre blanc est alors celui du moine, mais aussi de la femme algérienne qui malgré le climat de violence, va faire les courses, emmène ses enfants à l’école. Bref poursuit la vie. Martyre de celui qui fait hospitalité à ce qui vient et apprend de quiconque . V. Margron achève son propos par l’évocation de la figure de Pierre Claverie, évêque d’Oran, assassiné en Août 1996. Sa vie montre le lien intime entre martyre blanc – vivre de façon hospitalière, offerte – et le martyr de sang qui peut survenir en situation de conflit.
Hypothèses sur le Fils de l'Homme
Authors: Houziaux Alain 
Published: April 2011

Peut-on tenter une interprétation psychanalytique de Jésus-Christ et, en particulier, du fait qu’il se considère comme le Fils de Dieu ? Était-ce pour lui une manière de se donner un « père » et d’occulter les rumeurs qui le considéraient comme un bâtard ? Était-ce la manifestation d’une forme de narcissisme ? On montrera que les théories du psychanalyste Béla Grunberger sur le narcissisme et ses origines dans la vie prénatale s’appliquent tout à fait au Jésus-Christ que nous présente le Nouveau Testament. D’autres corrélations entre les concepts psychanalytiques et théologiques sont possibles : le concept de Moi idéal peut donner un éclairage sur la manière dont Jésus-Christ se voit et sur le fait qu’il proclame instaurer le Royaume de Dieu. Il permet aussi de rendre compte de la vocation de Jésus-Christ à vouloir mourir en martyr. Mais bien sûr, en tentant cette lecture psychanalytique, Alain Houziaux ne fait que proposer des hypothèses.
Employing ADI‐FDTD subgrids for GPR numerical modelling and their application to study ring separation in brick masonry arch bridges
Authors: Diamanti Nectaria , Giannopoulos Antonios 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIn realistic numerical modelling of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and when parts of the computational domain need to be modelled in detail, the implementation of subgrids into the conventional finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) mesh could greatly economize on computational resources. A novel alternating‐direction implicit FDTD subgridding scheme is used to numerically simulate the GPR responses from delaminations located in brick masonry arches. The heterogeneity of these structures renders electromagnetic signals, which originate from the interaction between the GPR system and the bridge, often complex and hence hard to interpret. Therefore, GPR numerical models were created in order to study the attributes of reflected signals from various targets within the structure of the bridge. Results from a range of modelling scenarios are presented. The effect of varying the thickness of faults, their location in brickwork, as well as the effect of water ingress in hairline delaminations on GPR signals, are examined. Moreover, GPR vertical resolution and the presence of lossy brickwork are studied through various numerical models.
Transcriptional Suppression of IL-27 Production by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Activated p38 MAPK via Inhibition of AP-1 Binding
Authors: Zhang Jidong , Qian Xuesong , Ning Huan , Eickhoff Christopher S. , Hoft Daniel F. , Liu Jianguo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major global challenge to human health care, and the mechanisms of how M. tuberculosis evades host immune surveillance to favor its survival are still largely unknown. In this study, we found that bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) and viable M. tuberculosis as well as M. tuberculosis lysates could activate IL-27 expression in human and mouse macrophages by induction of p28 subunit transcription. However, in parallel with these effects, BCG and M. tuberculosis lysate stimulation of macrophages induced activation of p38 MAPK signaling molecules MLK3/MKK3/MK2 to prevent maximal IL-27 production. M. tuberculosis lysate-induced p28 transcription was dependent on MyD88 signaling pathway. AP-1/c-Fos was shown to bind directly to the p28 promoter and induce p28 expression after M. tuberculosis lysate stimulation. Overexpression of p38α inhibited the binding of c-Fos to the p28 promoter but had no effect on c-Fos protein expression or phosphorylation in response to M. tuberculosis lysate stimulation. Furthermore, blockade of p38 by SB203580 enhanced M. tuberculosis-induced AP-1 binding to the p28 promoter. Importantly, we show that adding exogenous IL-27 to increase the levels produced by PBMCs stimulated with live mycobacteria enhanced the ability of BCG-expanded T cells to inhibit intracellular mycobacterial growth in human macrophages. Taken together, our data demonstrate that mycobacterial stimulation induces both IL-27 production and p38 MAPK activation. Strategies designed to tip the balance toward positive regulation of p28 induction by mycobacteria could lead to enhanced protective tuberculosis immunity.
The PTAP Sequence within the p6 Domain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Regulates Its Ubiquitination and MHC Class I Antigen Presentation
Authors: Hahn Sabine , Setz Christian , Wild Julia , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEndogenous peptides presented by MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules are mostly derived from de novo synthesized, erroneous proteins, so-called defective ribosomal products (DRiPs), which are rapidly degraded via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. We have previously shown that the HIV-1 Gag protein represents a bona fide substrate for the DRiP pathway and that the amount of Gag-DRiPs can be enhanced by the introduction of an N-end rule degradation signal, leading to increased MHC-I presentation and immunogenicity of Gag. Based on these findings, we sought to identify a naturally occurring sequence motif within Gag that regulates its entry into the DRiP pathway. As the PTAP late assembly domain motif in the C-terminal p6 domain of Gag has been shown to negatively regulate the ubiquitination of Gag, we analyzed the correlation between ubiquitination and MHC-I presentation of PTAP-deficient Gag. Intriguingly, mutation of PTAP not only reduces the release of virus-like particles, but also increases ubiquitination of Gag and, consistently, enhances MHC-I presentation of a Gag-derived epitope. Although the half-life of the PTAP mutant was only mildly reduced, the entry into the DRiP pathway was significantly increased, as demonstrated by short-term pulse-chase analyses under proteasome inhibition. Collectively, these results indicate that, besides driving virus release, the PTAP motif regulates the entry of Gag into the DRiP pathway and, thus, into the MHC-I pathway. Although there are no naturally occurring PTAP mutants of HIV-1, mutations of PTAP might enhance the immunogenicity of Gag and, thus, be considered for the improvement of vaccine development.