bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer simulation and synthesis of stimuli‐responsive polymer by sol‐gel for selective recognition of (4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Run , Zhong Shi‐An , Jiang Guang‐Shuai 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA novel photoresponsive functional monomer bearing a siloxane polymerizable group and azobenzene moieties was synthesized, and then photoresponsive molecularly imprinted sol‐gel polymers were successfully fabricated from the synthesized functional monomer, using (4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA) as a molecular template. The photoisomerization properties of the functional monomer are retained after incorporation into the rigid three‐dimensional crosslinked polymer matrix. The template is then removed from the resulting polymer to generate pores, which are complementary to the template in shape, size and functionality. The substrate affinity of the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) receptor sites is photoswitchable. This can be attributed to the photoisomerization of azobenzene chromophores within the MIP receptors, resulting in alteration of their geometry and the spatial arrangement of their binding functionalities. The binding affinity of the imprinted recognition sites was switchable by alternate irradiation with UV and visible light, suggesting that azobenzene groups located inside the binding sites could be used as chemical sensors and the trans–cis isomerization could regulate the affinity for MCPA. To study the hydrogen bond interactions between template molecules and functional monomer, computational molecular modeling was employed. The data indicate that the design of the MIP is rational. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Optical and electrochemical properties of polyfluorenes with pyridine–triphenylamine bipolar unit
Authors: Sarigiannis Yiannis , Spiliopoulos Ioakim K 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTwo new polyfluorenes were synthesized by Suzuki coupling polymerization, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties were studied. Both polymers contained the bipolar unit 4‐(2,6‐diphenylpyridin‐4‐yl)phenyl‐diphenylamine consisting of pyridine (Py) and triphenylamine (TPA) subunits. The bipolar unit was linked to the polymer chain via TPA or Py subunit, which affected the properties of the polymers. The polymers showed a weak intramolecular charge transfer character. They showed emission at 466 nm in solution and at 512‐538 nm in thin film. Their emission could be tuned by protonation and N‐alkylation of Py. Cyclic voltammetry experiments showed a quasi‐reversible oxidation process for both polymers. Their highest occupied molecular orbital levels were estimated at − 5.13 and − 5.21 eV. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Unlocking the mystery behind the activation phenomenon of T1 lipase: A molecular dynamics simulations approach
Authors: Rahman Mohd Zulhilmi Abdul , Salleh Abu Bakar , Rahman Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abdul , Rahman Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul , Basri Mahiran , Leow Thean Chor 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe activation of lipases has been postulated to proceed by interfacial activation, temperature switch activation, or aqueous activation. Recently, based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulation experiments, the T1 lipase activation mechanism was proposed to involve aqueous activation in addition to a double‐flap mechanism. Because the open conformation structure is still unavailable, it is difficult to validate the proposed theory unambiguously to understand the behavior of the enzyme. In this study, we try to validate the previous reports and uncover the mystery behind the activation process using structural analysis and MD simulations. To investigate the effects of temperature and environmental conditions on the activation process, MD simulations in different solvent environments (water and water‐octane interface) and temperatures (20, 50, 70, 80, and 100°C) were performed. Based on the structural analysis of the lipases in the same family of T1 lipase (I.5 lipase family), we proposed that the lid domain comprises α6 and α7 helices connected by a loop, thus forming a helix‐loop‐helix motif involved in interfacial activation. Throughout the MD simulations experiments, lid displacements were only observed in the water‐octane interface, not in the aqueous environment with respect to the temperature effect, suggesting that the activation process is governed by interfacial activation coupled with temperature switch activation. Examining the activation process in detail revealed that the large structural rearrangement of the lid domain was caused by the interaction between the hydrophobic residues of the lid with octane, a nonpolar solvent, and this conformation was found to be thermodynamically favorable.
Selection of Packaging Systems in Supply Chains from a Sustainability Perspective: The Case of Volvo
Authors: Pålsson Henrik , Finnsgård Christian , Wänström Carl 
Published: June 2012

The purpose of this article is to develop an evaluation model for the selection of packaging systems in supply chains from a sustainability perspective.A theoretical evaluation model for comparing cost efficiency and the environmental impact of packaging systems in supply chains are developed from literature. The model is tested in a case study of a supply chain involving Volvo Car Corporation and Volvo Logistics Corporation, comparing the use of newly developed, one‐way packaging with the sustainability of returnable packaging.The model compares the environmental and economic impacts of two packaging systems in a specific supply chain. The criteria used in the model are (i) packaging fill rate, (ii) packaging material, (iii) transport, (iv) material handling, (v) waste handling and (vi) administration. In the case study, the one‐way packaging resulted in fewer economic and environmental impacts, thereby indicating the importance for companies to question their packaging systems.The model has been tested on one component in a case study. It provides a comparison of the packaging choices included using comparative, but not absolute, figures for the economic and environmental impacts.Managers can use the model to compare packaging systems for component supply and determine the most sustainable packaging from environmental and economic perspectives. The case study indicated that the returnable packaging system commonly used in the automotive industry is not always preferable in terms of sustainability.The article fulfils the need to evaluate the impact of packaging systems on supply chain sustainability in terms of economic and environmental criteria. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Framing in cognitive clinical interviews about intuitive science knowledge: Dynamic student understandings of the discourse interaction
Authors: Russ Rosemary S. , Lee Victor R. , Sherin Bruce L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractResearchers in the science education community make extensive use of cognitive clinical interviews as windows into student knowledge and thinking. Despite our familiarity with the interviews, there has been very limited research addressing the ways that students understand these interactions. In this work, we examine students' behaviors and speech patterns in a set of clinical interviews about chemistry for evidence of their tacit understandings and underlying expectations about the activity in which they are engaged. We draw on the construct offramingfrom anthropology and sociolinguistics and identify clusters of behaviors that indicate that students may alternatively frame the interview asinquiry,anoral examination,or anexpert interview.We present two examples of students shifting between frames during the course of individual interviews. By examining the surrounding interaction, we identify both conceptual and epistemological interviewer cues that facilitate and constrain frame shifts. We discuss the implications of dynamic student framing, that is identifiable in student behaviors and discourse, for researchers who use clinical interviews to map student's intuitive science knowledge. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed96:572–599, 2012
Leveraging supplier capabilities: The role of locus of capability deployment
Authors: Weigelt Carmen 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study adds to the resource‐based view by studying how client firms may gain performance benefits from supplier IT capabilities in market‐based arrangements where the supplier's IT capabilities are readily available to multiple client firms. I argue that the locus of supplier capability deployment, i.e. whether supplier capabilities are deployed at the client (in‐sourcing) or supplier (outsourcing), has implications for client firm performance. The findings show that in‐sourcing leads to complementary effects between supplier IT capabilities and client operational capabilities. In contrast, clients with weaker operational capabilities benefit from outsourcing the respective activity to the supplier, and may even be able to reduce their capability disadvantage through outsourcing. The data on 964 U.S. credit unions contracting with 22 technology solution providers is archival. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal energy storage for solar power production
Authors: Siegel Nathan P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSolar energy is the most abundant persistent energy resource. It is also an intermittent one available for only a fraction of each day while the demand for electric power never ceases. To produce a significant amount of power at the utility scale, electricity generated from solar energy must be dispatchable and able to be supplied in response to variations in demand. This requires energy storage that serves to decouple the intermittent solar resource from the load and enables around‐the‐clock power production from solar energy. Practically, solar energy storage technologies must be efficient as any energy loss results in an increase in the amount of required collection hardware, the largest cost in a solar electric power system. Storing solar energy as heat has been shown to be an efficient, scalable, and relatively low‐cost approach to providing dispatchable solar electricity. Concentrating solar power systems that include thermal energy storage (TES) use mirrors to focus sunlight onto a heat exchanger where it is converted to thermal energy that is carried away by a heat transfer fluid and used to drive a conventional thermal power cycle (e.g., steam power plant), or stored for later use. Several approaches to TES have been developed and can generally be categorized as either thermophysical (wherein energy is stored in a hot fluid or solid medium or by causing a phase change that can later be reversed to release heat) or thermochemical (in which energy is stored in chemical bonds requiring two or more reversible chemical reactions).This article is categorized under:

Concentrating Solar Power > Science and Materials
Concentrating Solar Power > Systems and Infrastructure
When Less is More: Lessons from 25 Years of Attempting to Maximize the Effect of Each (and Often Only) Therapeutic Encounter
Authors: Talmon Moshe 
Published: June 2012

The three main findings of studies conducted by Hoyt, Rosenbaum, and myself during the years 1986–1990 at the Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, were
. Single session is the most common length of psychotherapy.
. The first session in psychotherapy is potentially the most therapeutic and often has the greatest influence on the outcome of therapy.
. Single session therapy (SST) is the most cost‐effective mode of therapy.
The fact that less is very often better in psychotherapy is by now one of the most validated and consistent findings in evidence‐based psychotherapy research. We now think of it as a very common, very useful way of conducting therapy, employing many different approaches and methods to address a wide range of presenting problems. In retrospect, 25 years later, I believe that the essence of single session therapy is still about being present in each and every session as a whole. The goal has always been to make the most of every therapeutic session, whether seeing a client only once or over a long period of time. In a personal communication in 1978, Haley (in Talmon, 1990) predicted that a ‘single interview could become the standard for estimating how long and how successful therapy should be.’ This article explains why it didn't happen.
Numerical investigation of magnetic Richtmyer-Meshkov instability
Authors: Levy Y. , Jaouen S. , Canaud B. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe report numerical results of the linear growth of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) in compressible fluids and in the presence of a magnetic field. These results are obtained with the Lagrangian code LPC-MHD in which media are supposed to be compressible ideal gases. We first applied a magnetic field perpendicular to the wave vector and perpendicular to the shock wave propagation and observed no changes on the perturbation growth velocity compared to the case without magnetic field. We also considered the configuration where the magnetic field is parallel to the wave vector. We observed the stabilization of the instability with oscillations of the perturbations amplitude. Numerical results are compared to impulsive acceleration model of the RMI in the presence of a transverse magnetic field, in the non-compressible limit. A good agreement is obtained between numerical results and model for both the amplitude and the frequency of oscillations. Compressibility seems to have negligible effects.
A spiral self-magnetically insulated ion diode
Authors: Pushkarev A.I. , Isakova YU. I. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe paper presets the results of a study on a self-magnetically insulated ion diode with an explosive-emission potential electrode. The experiments have been carried out using the TEMP-4M accelerator, operating in a double-pulse mode: the first negative pulse (300–500 ns, 100–150 kV) followed by the second positive pulse (150 ns, 250–300 kV). The ion beam energy density was 0.3–2.5 J/cm2; the beam was composed from carbon ions (80–85%) and protons. We studied several geometries of the diode: planar and focusing strip arrangement, annular and spiral geometries. It was shown that during the second voltage pulse, a condition of magnetic insulation in the diode gap is fulfilled (B/Bcr ≥3). Using the new spiral geometry of the diode, it was possible to increase the efficiency of ion current generation due to the suppression of the electron component of the total diode current by increasing the electron transit time in the gap. We have increased the efficiency of carbon ion generation from 5–9% (in the planar strip diodes) up to 17–20% in the spiral diode. The spiral geometry of the diode makes it possible to increase the efficiency of C+ ion generation 25–30 times compared to the space-charge-limited current (Childe-Langmuir limit). This is more than two times higher than in other known geometries of self-magnetically insulated diodes. The spiral diode has a resource of more than 107 pulses.
An outbreak of Cyclospora infection on a cruise ship
Authors: GIBBS R. A. , NANYONJO R. , PINGAULT N. M. , COMBS B. G. , MAZZUCCHELLI T. , ARMSTRONG P. , TARLING G. , DOWSE G. K. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYIn 2010, an outbreak of cyclosporiasis affected passengers and crew on two successive voyages of a cruise ship that departed from and returned to Fremantle, Australia. There were 73 laboratory-confirmed and 241 suspected cases of Cyclospora infection reported in passengers and crew from the combined cruises. A case-control study performed in crew members found that illness was associated with eating items of fresh produce served onboard the ship, but the study was unable conclusively to identify the responsible food(s). It is likely that one or more of the fresh produce items taken onboard at a south-east Asian port during the first cruise was contaminated. If fresh produce supplied to cruise ships is sourced from countries or regions where Cyclospora is endemic, robust standards of food production and hygiene should be applied to the supply chain.
Fluid budgets of subduction zone forearcs: The contribution of splay faults
Authors: Lauer Rachel M. , Saffer Demian M. 
Published: June 2012

Geochemical and geophysical evidence indicate that splay faults cutting subduction zone forearcs are a key hydraulic connection between the plate boundary at depth and the seafloor. Existing modeling studies have generally not included these structures, and therefore a quantitative understanding of their role in overall fluid budgets, the distribution of fluid egress at the seafloor, and advection of heat and solutes has been lacking. Here, we use a two‐dimensional numerical model to address these questions at non‐accretionary subduction zones, using the well‐studied Costa Rican margin as an example. We find that for a range of splay fault permeabilities from 10−16 m2 to 10−13 m2, they capture between 6 and 35% of the total dewatering flux. Simulated flow rates of 0.1–17 cm/yr are highly consistent with those reported at seafloor seeps and along the décollement near the trench. Our results provide a quantitative link between permeability architecture, fluid budgets, and flow rates, and illustrate that these features play a fundamental role in forearc dewatering, and in efficiently channeling heat and solutes from depth.
Sound velocities of Fe and Fe-Si alloy in the Earth’s core
Authors: Mao Zhu , Lin Jung-Fu , Liu Jin , Alatas Ahmet , Gao Lili , Zhao Jiyong , Mao Ho-Kwang 
Published: June 2012

Compressional wave velocity-density (VP - ρ) relations of candidate Fe alloys at relevant pressure-temperature conditions of the Earth’s core are critically needed to evaluate the composition, seismic signatures, and geodynamics of the planet’s remotest region. Specifically, comparison between seismicVP - ρprofiles of the core and candidate Fe alloys provides first-order information on the amount and type of potential light elements—including H, C, O, Si, and/or S—needed to compensate the density deficit of the core. To address this issue, here we have surveyed and analyzed the literature results in conjunction with newly measuredVP - ρresults of hexagonal closest-packed (hcp) Fe and hcp-Fe0.85Si0.15alloy using in situ high-energy resolution inelastic X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction. The nature of the Fe-Si alloy where Si is readily soluble in Fe represents an ideal solid-solution case to better understand the light-element alloying effects. Our results show that high temperature significantly decreases theVPof hcp-Fe at high pressures, and the Fe-Si alloy exhibits similar high-pressureVP - ρbehavior to hcp-Fe via a constant density offset. TheseVP - ρdata at a given temperature can be better described by an empirical power-law function with a concave behavior at higher densities than with a linear approximation. Our new datasets, together with literature results, allow us to build newVP - ρmodels of Fe alloys in order to determine the chemical composition of the core. Our models show that theVP - ρprofile of Fe with 8 wt % Si at 6,000 K matches well with the Preliminary Reference Earth Model of the inner core.
Transgenic
Anopheles stephensi
coexpressing single-chain antibodies resist
Plasmodium falciparum
development
Authors: Isaacs Alison T. , Jasinskiene Nijole , Tretiakov Mikhail , Thiery Isabelle , Zettor Agnès , Bourgouin Catherine , James Anthony A. 
Published: June 2012

Anopheles stephensi
mosquitoes expressing m1C3, m4B7, or m2A10 single-chain antibodies (scFvs) have significantly lower levels of infection compared to controls when challenged with
Plasmodium falciparum
, a human malaria pathogen. These scFvs are derived from antibodies specific to a parasite chitinase, the 25 kDa protein and the circumsporozoite protein, respectively. Transgenes comprising m2A10 in combination with either m1C3 or m4B7 were inserted into previously-characterized mosquito chromosomal “docking” sites using site-specific recombination. Transgene expression was evaluated at four different genomic locations and a docking site that permitted tissue- and sex-specific expression was researched further. Fitness studies of docking site and dual scFv transgene strains detected only one significant fitness cost: adult docking-site males displayed a late-onset reduction in survival. The m4B7/m2A10 mosquitoes challenged with
P. falciparum
had few or no sporozoites, the parasite stage infective to humans, in three of four experiments. No sporozoites were detected in m1C3/m2A10 mosquitoes in challenge experiments when both genes were induced at developmentally relevant times. These studies support the conclusion that expression of a single copy of a dual scFv transgene can completely inhibit parasite development without imposing a fitness cost on the mosquito.
Hypocotyl Directional Growth in Arabidopsis: A Complex Trait
Authors: Gupta Aditi , Singh Manjul , Jones Alan M. , Laxmi Ashverya 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The growth direction of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) etiolated-seedling hypocotyl is a complex trait that is controlled by extrinsic signals such as gravity and touch as well as intrinsic signals such as hormones (brassinosteroid [BR], auxin, cytokinin, ethylene) and nutrient status (glucose [Glc], sucrose). We used a genetic approach to identify the signaling elements and their relationship underlying hypocotyl growth direction. BR randomizes etiolated-seedling growth by inhibiting negative gravitropism of the hypocotyls via modulating auxin homeostasis for which we designate as reset, not to be confused with the gravity set point angle. Cytokinin signaling antagonizes this BR reset of gravity sensing and/or tropism by affecting ethylene biosynthesis/signaling. Glc also antagonizes BR reset but acts independently of cytokinin and ethylene signaling pathways via inhibiting BR-regulated gene expression quantitatively and spatially, by altering protein degradation, and by antagonizing BR-induced changes in microtubule organization and cell patterning associated with hypocotyl agravitropism. This BR reset is reduced in the presence of the microtubule organization inhibitor oryzalin, suggesting a central role for cytoskeleton reorganization. A unifying and hierarchical model of Glc and hormone signaling interplay is proposed. The biological significance of BR-mediated changes in hypocotyl graviresponse lies in the fact that BR signaling sensitizes the dark-grown seedling hypocotyl to the presence of obstacles, overriding gravitropism, to enable efficient circumnavigation through soil.
RDR1 and SGS3, Components of RNA-Mediated Gene Silencing, Are Required for the Regulation of Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis in Developing Inflorescence Stems of Arabidopsis
Authors: Lam Patricia , Zhao Lifang , McFarlane Heather E. , Aiga Mytyl , Lam Vivian , Hooker Tanya S. , Kunst Ljerka 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The cuticle is a protective layer that coats the primary aerial surfaces of land plants and mediates plant interactions with the environment. It is synthesized by epidermal cells and is composed of a cutin polyester matrix that is embedded and covered with cuticular waxes. Recently, we have discovered a novel regulatory mechanism of cuticular wax biosynthesis that involves the ECERIFERUM7 (CER7) ribonuclease, a core subunit of the exosome. We hypothesized that at the onset of wax production, the CER7 ribonuclease degrades an mRNA specifying a repressor of CER3, a wax biosynthetic gene whose protein product is required for wax formation via the decarbonylation pathway. In the absence of this repressor, CER3 is expressed, leading to wax production. To identify the putative repressor of CER3 and to unravel the mechanism of CER7-mediated regulation of wax production, we performed a screen for suppressors of the cer7 mutant. Our screen resulted in the isolation of components of the RNA-silencing machinery, RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE1 and SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING3, implicating RNA silencing in the control of cuticular wax deposition during inflorescence stem development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).