bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic diversification of the globin gene superfamily in chordates
Authors: Storz Jay F. , Opazo Juan C. , Hoffmann Federico G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPhylogenetic reconstructions provide a means of inferring the branching relationships among members of multigene families that have diversified via successive rounds of gene duplication and divergence. Such reconstructions can illuminate the pathways by which particular expression patterns and protein functions evolved. For example, phylogenetic analyses can reveal cases in which similar expression patterns or functional properties evolved independently in different lineages, either through convergence, parallelism, or evolutionary reversals. The purpose of this article is to provide a robust phylogenetic framework for interpreting experimental data and for generating hypotheses about the functional evolution of globin proteins in chordate animals. To do this, we present a consensus phylogeny of the chordate globin gene superfamily. We document the relative roles of gene duplication and whole‐genome duplication in fueling the functional diversification of vertebrate globins, and we unravel patterns of shared ancestry among globin genes from representatives of the three chordate subphyla (Craniata, Urochordata, and Cephalochordata). Our results demonstrate the value of integrating phylogenetic analyses with genomic analyses of conserved synteny to infer the duplicative origins and evolutionary histories of globin genes. We also discuss a number of case studies that illustrate the importance of phylogenetic information when making inferences about the evolution of globin gene expression and protein function. Finally, we discuss why the globin gene superfamily presents special challenges for phylogenetic analysis, and we describe methodological approaches that can be used to meet those challenges. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(5): 313–322, 2011
Autofluorescence imaging of early colorectal cancer
Authors: Takeuchi Yoji , Hanaoka Noboru , Hanafusa Masao , Ishihara Ryu , Higashino Koji , Iishi Hiroyasu , Uedo Noriya 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAutofluorescence imaging (AFI) is expected to better detect colorectal neoplasms than the conventional white light imaging (WLI). The AFI image of colorectal cancer is different according to its macroscopic type. Protruded lesion, which is the most common macroscopic type of colorectal neoplasms, is revealed as magenta protruded lesion. Flat lesion, which is uncommon macroscopic type, is presented as distinct magenta area surrounding green mucosa using AFI. And depressed lesion, which is rare macroscopic type, is revealed as green area surrounded by magenta mucosa. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Recent developments and applications of molecularly imprinted monolithic column for HPLC and CEC
Authors: Zheng Chao , Huang Yan‐Ping , Liu Zhao‐Sheng 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAs a new generation of stationary phases, monolithic supports have attracted significant interest in high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) because of their ease of preparation, high reproducibility, versatile surface chemistry and rapid mass transport. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic materials with high specific recognition ability to template molecule. The combination of monolithic column and MIPs integrates the high efficiency of modern chromatography and the high selectivity provided by MIPs. This review focuses on the recent developments and applications of all kinds of monolithic matrix, i.e. organic polymer‐based and silica‐based MIP monolith in HPLC and CEC mode.
Persistence Characteristics of Tourism Arrivals to Australia
Authors: Assaf A. George , Gil‐Alana Luis A. , Barros Carlos Pestana 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the degree of persistence in international monthly arrivals to Australia by using data disaggregated by tourism‐source countries. We employ two competing models, which are very general in the sense that they include (seasonal and non‐seasonal) unit roots as particular cases of interest. The first model is based on a long‐memory process in the non‐seasonal part of the series along with a short‐memory autoregressive (AR) seasonal structure. The second model is based on a long‐memory process for the seasonal structure of the series, the short‐term evolution being described through a non‐seasonal AR(1) process. Results based on the residuals and forecasting assessment indicate that the second model is preferable in terms of fitting the data. We provide persistence ranking of all countries included in the study and discuss the managerial implications of the main findings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thin film LEDs gaining ground
Authors: Delmdahl Ralph , Kunzer Michael , Schwarz Ulrich 
Published: May 2011

AbstractExcimer laser‐based Laser Lift‐Off (LLO) is a key enabling technology in fabricating thin film LEDs. This article reviews the market drivers for high brightness LEDs, current LED designs and their limitations and the basics of thin film devices as well as the LLO process for manufacturing them.
A note on coset graphs
Authors: Baumann Ulrike 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCoset graphs are a generalization of Cayley graphs. They arise in the construction of graphs and digraphs with transitive automorphism groups. Moreover, the consideration of coset graphs makes it possible to give an algebraic description of regular connected graphs of even degree. In this paper we consider the automorphism group of coset graphs with an edge set decomposed into oriented cycles and provide a characterization of subgroups of the automorphism group which preserve a given decomposition of the edge set. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Lawson homology, morphic cohomology and Chow motives
Authors: Hu Wenchuan , Li Li 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, Lawson homology and morphic cohomology are defined for Chow motives. As consequences, we rederive the projective bundle formula proved by Friedlander and Gabber, the blowup formula for Lawson homology by the first author, and a formula for certain homogeneous projective varieties, including those admitting cellular decompositions. We also define rational coefficient Lawson homology and morphic cohomology for Chow motives of finite quotient varieties. As a consequence, we obtain a formula for the Hilbert scheme of points on a smooth complex projective surface. We also discuss generic finite maps, in particular, we give examples of self‐product of smooth projective curves with nontrivial Griffiths groups by using a result of Ceresa. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Examining the role of trauma, personality, and meaning in young prolonged grievers
Authors: Tomarken Alexis , Roth Andrew , Holland Jimmie , Ganz Ollie , Schachter Sherry , Kose Gary , Ramirez Paul Michael , Allen Rhiannon , Nelson Christian J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPurposeYounger spouses or partners have been understudied in the prolonged grief literature. The purpose of this study was to determine rates of prolonged grief in young spouses or partners and the associations between prolonged grief and personality styles (specifically, narcissistic, histrionic, and obsessive), trauma history, and the perceived meaning of the loss in the young conjugally bereaved.Participants and methodParticipants between 20 and 50 years old who lost a spouse/partner to cancer 6 months–3 years prior to the study completed the following measures during one time point (via phone or in person interviews): Prolonged Grief‐13, Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory‐III, and Grief Meaning Reconstruction Inventory.ResultsFifty‐six spouses and partners (51.8% women) completed the interviews (mean age: 44.54 ± 4.20 years). The participants (49.1%) reported elevated rates of prolonged grief and 12.3% of the participants were diagnosed with prolonged grief with the recently published diagnostic algorithm. Bivariate analyses demonstrated an association between prolonged grief and negative meaning of the loss (r = 0.73; p < 0.01) and the frequency of the traumatic events (r = 0.23; p < 0.05). Multivariate analyses revealed that negative meaning of the loss was the only significant predictor of prolonged grief (Beta = 0.71; p = 0.0001).ConclusionElevated levels of prolonged grief were found in this population, suggesting a need for further research into young spousal grief. Young bereaved spouses may lack flexibility in reconstructing their view of the world as the death may invalidate their previously held world beliefs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Ice Content on the Thermal Erosion of Permafrost: Implications for Coastal and Fluvial Erosion
Authors: Dupeyrat L. , Costard F. , Randriamazaoro R. , Gailhardis E. , Gautier E. , Fedorov A. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe effects of ice content and water flow on thawing and erosion of non‐cohesive permafrost banks were investigated through laboratory experiments. A critical ice content was identified as associated with turbulent flows (20% and 80% for Reynolds numbers of 15 900 and 12 700, respectively), above which thermal erosion results in ablation and a decrease in ice content increases ablation. Below the critical value, the ablation model over‐estimates the erosion rate as the removal of thawed sediments occurs episodically, possibly due to the imbrication of sand grains. The ablation model applies to rivers with non‐cohesive banks, high ice contents and subject to high‐velocity water flows. The model may explain differential erosion that results in massive ice layers in relief. At other sites, however, the retreat rate increases with ground ice content. This behaviour can be explained for sandy permafrost with a relatively low ice content and heterogeneous sand sizes and shapes subject to relatively low‐velocity water flow. These results apply only to perenially frozen sands, as even a small percentage of cohesive material would modify the relationships described. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Waste Bakelite as a Raw Material Resource for Recarburization in Steelmaking Processes
Authors: Kongkarat Somyote , Khanna Rita , Koshy Pramod , O'Kane Paul , Sahajwalla Veena 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBakelite is a thermoset plastic commonly found in electronic and automobile components. CaCO3 is generally found in the polymer as a filler material. Since it cannot be remelted, the disposal of this material has become an environmental issue. The present study investigates a new route to utilize waste bakelite as a source of carbon in EAF steelmaking process. This paper reports the carbon dissolution behaviour of bakelite/coke blends into liquid steel at 1550 °C. The carbon pick up in the liquid steel after reaction with varying blends of bakelite/coke for 30 minutes ranged between 0.13 wt% to 0.17 wt%; these were generally higher than that observed from coke alone (0.1 wt%). The dissolution rate (K) was also found to improve and the observed trend was BK2 (0.045 × 10−3 s−1) > BK3 (0.023 × 10−3 s−1) > BK1 (0.005 × 10−3 s−1) > coke (0.003 × 10−3 s−1). The reaction products formed at the interface after 30 minutes of contact between liquid steel and bakelite/coke blends were observed to be a CaS‐Al2O3 complex. The presence of CaS in the interfacial layer due to the CaO in the ash, lowered melting temperature of the layer, thereby allowing for increased removal of the ash layer and greater carbon pick‐up. The CaO is formed from the decomposition of CaCO3, and its presence was found to have a positive effect on modifying the properties of the coke, and thereby enhancing the carbon dissolution behaviour.
Correlation of age‐specific phenylalanine levels with intellectual outcome in patients with phenylketonuria
Authors: Viau Krista S. , Wengreen Heidi J. , Ernst Sharon L. , Cantor Nancy L. , Furtado Larissa V. , Longo Nicola 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPatients with treated phenylketonuria (PKU) can have subtle deficits in intellect, academic skills, and executive functioning. This study evaluates the relationship between intellectual outcome and concentration/variation in blood phenylalanine (Phe) during specific developmental periods (0–6 years, 7–12 years, >12 years) in our patients with PKU. Verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, and processing speed were used as measures of intelligence. Data were collected from 55 patients receiving treatment at the University of Utah Metabolic Clinic. Yearly median Phe levels increased and mean number of blood Phe samples decreased as patients aged. Yearly median blood Phe from 0–6 and 7–12 years were inversely associated with perceptual reasoning abilities using linear regression. Additionally, increased blood Phe concentration negatively impacted specific areas of verbal comprehension abilities for those 0–6 years of age (p = 0.001). Variation of Phe levels around the mean (assessed as standard deviation) in each patient was associated with diagnostic (highest pretreatment) Phe levels and yearly median Phe levels (p < 0.001 for both), but did not significantly impact intelligence in our group of patients. Frequent blood Phe monitoring from 7–12 years significantly reduced the probability of yearly median Phe exceeding 360 μM (p = 0.005). Our data show that compliance with treatment in patients with PKU affects both the concentration and variation of blood Phe levels, and may have a greater impact on verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning skills during the first 12 years of life when compared the influence beyond 12 years.
The use of continuous glucose monitoring in the practical management of glycogen storage disorders
Authors: White Fiona J. , Jones Simon A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractContinuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) are now in widespread use in diabetes management with an increasing evidence base. There are few reports of their use in GSD. Liver glycogen storage disorders (GSDs) are most often managed by intensive dietary regimens. Risks of over and under‐treatment remain. We describe our use of CGMS in a cohort of GSD patients, the results obtained and the frequency of complications. Our experience is that CGM is a reliable, well accepted and valid tool in the monitoring of GSD patients and allows for assessment of blood sugar control in the ‘real‐life’ setting, unlike hospital admissions. Combining CGM with urine ketone and /or blood lactate measurements, again at home, improves the investigation yet further. It is possible to perform CGM for periods including both schooldays and weekends, and also to change the dietary regimen during the period of monitoring to reduce the frequency of assessments. Risks of decreased reliability in the low range of blood sugars may be outweighed by the increased validity of the patient being in the home environment, with a normal diet and activity schedule.
Long‐term follow‐up and treatment in nine boys with X‐linked creatine transporter defect
Authors: van de Kamp Jiddeke M. , Pouwels Petra J. W. , Aarsen Femke K. , ten Hoopen Leontine W. , Knol Dirk L. , de Klerk Johannes B. , de Coo Ireneus F. , Huijmans Jan G. M. , Jakobs Cornelis , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Salomons Gajja S. , Mancini Grazia M. S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe creatine transporter (CRTR) defect is a recently discovered cause of X‐linked intellectual disability for which treatment options have been explored. Creatine monotherapy has not proved effective, and the effect of treatment with L‐arginine is still controversial. Nine boys between 8 months and 10 years old with molecularly confirmed CRTR defect were followed with repeated 1H‐MRS and neuropsychological assessments during 4–6 years of combination treatment with creatine monohydrate, L‐arginine, and glycine. Treatment did not lead to a significant increase in cerebral creatine content as observed with H1‐MRS. After an initial improvement in locomotor and personal‐social IQ subscales, no lasting clinical improvement was recorded. Additionally, we noticed an age‐related decline in IQ subscales in boys affected with the CRTR defect.
Optimization of Oil Oxidation by Response Surface Methodology and the Application of this Model to Evaluate Antioxidants
Authors: Branco Gabriel Favalli , Castro Inar Alves 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe oxidative stability of oils is a complex process influenced by several factors, making the evaluation of antioxidant effects of new compounds difficult. Thus, the objective of this study was to apply a factorial design to obtain the combination of factors that maximizes the formation of oil oxidation products, and use this model to evaluate the antioxidant activity of different compounds. Temperature, Fe2+ and ascorbyl palmitate were evaluated in two full‐factorial designs (23 and 32). The validated optimized oxidation model was obtained by adding 1.47 mmol/L of Fe2+ and 1.54 mmol/L of ascorbyl palmitate to flaxseed oil stripped of tocopherol kept at 40 °C for 8 days. Antioxidant activities of six compounds were evaluated using this model. All antioxidant samples were statistically different (p < 0.001) at 200 ppm concentration, indicating the efficiency of the optimized model to evaluate the antioxidant action of natural and synthetic compounds.
Detoxification of Rapeseed Meals by Steam Explosion
Authors: Gu Xuhui , Dong Wei , He Yucai 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSteam explosion was evaluated as a detoxification method for rapeseed meals. A series of two factor experiments were performed with different steam pressures (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.4, 3.2 and 4.0 MPa) and different treatment times (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 s). When the steam pressure was increased to 1.6 MPa or higher, 99% glucosinolates could be removed within 180 s. Their toxic breakdown products, including isothiocyanates, oxazolidinethiones and nitriles, were also reduced by 97, 93 and 59%, respectively. A model experiment confirmed that they were taken away by the steam. The effect of steam explosion on amino acids was also investigated. Lysine, arginine, aspartate, cysteine, methionine and tryptophan contents were reduced by 21, 24, 14, 13, 17 and 8%, respectively. Steam explosion is a fast and simple detoxification method, but it negatively affects amino acids.
“We don’t need no education”: Video game preferences, video game motivations, and aggressiveness among adolescent boys of different educational ability levels
Authors: Nije Bijvank Marije , Konijn Elly A. , Bushman Brad J. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThis research focuses on low educational ability as a risk factor for aggression and violent game play. We propose that boys of lower educational ability are more attracted to violent video games than other boys are, and that they are also higher in trait aggressiveness and sensation seeking. Participants were Dutch boys in public schools (N = 830, age‐range 11–17). In the Netherlands, standardized tests are used to place students into lower, medium, and higher educational ability groups. Results showed that boys in the lower educational ability group preferred to play violent, stand‐alone games, identified more with video game characters, and perceived video games to be more realistic than other boys did. Lower levels of education were also related to higher levels of aggressiveness and sensation seeking. Higher educational ability boys preferred social, multiplayer games. Within a risk and resilience model, boys with lower educational ability are at greater risk for aggression.
Abnormal facilitatory mechanisms in motor cortex of migraine with aura
Authors: Brighinal Filippo , Cosentinol Giuseppe , Vigneri Simone , Talamanca Simona , Palermo Antonio , Giglia Giuseppe , Fierro Brigida 
Published: May 2011

AbstractExperimental evidence suggests impairment of inhibitory intracortical circuits in migraine, while not much is known about activity of facilitatory intracortical circuits. In the present work we evaluated the effects of high frequency‐repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (hf‐rTMS) on the activity of facilitatory circuits of motor cortex in 18 patients affected by migraine with aura and 18 healthy subjects. Trains of 10 stimuli were applied to the motor cortex at 5‐Hz frequency with recording of the EMG traces from the contralateral abductor pollicis brevis muscle (APB). Two intensities of stimulation (110% and 130% of resting motor threshold) were used in order to explore whether motor cortex excitability was differently modulated. Twelve patients underwent hf‐rTMS both before and during prophylactic treatment with levetiracetam. Results showed that rTMS delivered at 110% intensity of stimulation at rest had a facilitatory effect on MEP size in untreated patients, while left MEP unchanged in controls. Conversely, when rTMS was applied at 130%, we observed MEP potentiation in healthy subjects and paradoxical MEP inhibition in migraineurs. In treated patients, levetiracetam inhibited MEP size at both 110% and 130% intensity of stimulation. Our findings reveal an opposite response of migraine motor cortex to 5‐Hz rTMS when it is delivered at different stimulation intensities, providing evidence of both hyper‐responsivity and self‐limiting hyperexcitability capacity, in line with studies supporting the concept that under conditions of cortical hyperexcitability inhibitory mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity could be activated.
Cesarean delivery‐related fistulae in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Onsrud Mathias , Sjøveian Solbjørg , Mukwege Denis 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the characteristics of urogenital fistulae after cesarean delivery with those after spontaneous vaginal delivery.MethodsA retrospective analysis of hospital records of 597 consecutive patients with a urogenital fistula who received treatment at Panzi Hospital, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo, during 2005–2007.ResultsOf 576 women with an obstetric fistula, 229 (40%) had had a cesarean delivery; 55 (24%) of the 229 fistulae were considered to be iatrogenic. The distribution of risk factors (age, stature, parity, and labor duration) was similar to that among 226 women with a spontaneous vaginal delivery, but the odds ratios for having a ureterovaginal or a vesicouterine fistula were 11.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8–51.2) and 9.5 (95% CI 2.8–31.9), respectively. Vesicovaginal fistulae with cervical involvement were also significantly more frequent in the cesarean delivery group. The fistulae in this group had less surrounding fibrosis and there was less treatment delay. Stillbirth rates were 87% (cesarean delivery) and 95% (spontaneous vaginal delivery).ConclusionThe data indicate that cesarean delivery‐related fistulae are a separate clinical entity. Focus on this condition is important for fistula prevention and provision of adequate obstetric care, particularly for training in surgery and alternative delivery methods.
Brown representability in1-homotopy theory
Authors: Naumann Niko , Spitzweck Markus 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe prove the following result announced by V. Voevodsky. IfSis a finite dimensional noetherian scheme such thatS= ∪αSpec(Rα) forcountableringsRα, then the stable motivic homotopy category overSsatisfies Brown representability.