bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon monoxide-Releasing Molecule-2 (CORM-2) attenuates acute hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Wei Yunwei , Chen Ping , de Bruyn Marco , Zhang Weihui , Bremer Edwin , Helfrich Wijnand 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Background
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/Ri) is a serious complication occurring during liver surgery that may lead to liver failure. Hepatic I/Ri induces formation of reactive oxygen species, hepatocyte apoptosis, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which together causes liver damage and organ dysfunction. A potential strategy to alleviate hepatic I/Ri is to exploit the potent anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of carbon monoxide (CO) by application of so-called CO-releasing molecules (CORMs). Here, we assessed whether CO released from CORM-2 protects against hepatic I/Ri in a rat model.

Methods
Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 10). Sham group underwent a sham operation and received saline. I/R group underwent hepatic I/R procedure by partial clamping of portal structures to the left and median lobes with a microvascular clip for 60 minutes, yielding ~70% hepatic ischemia and subsequently received saline. CORM-2 group underwent the same procedure and received 8 mg/kg of CORM-2 at time of reperfusion. iCORM-2 group underwent the same procedure and received iCORM-2 (8 mg/kg), which does not release CO. Therapeutic effects of CORM-2 on hepatic I/Ri was assessed by measuring serum damage markers AST and ALT, liver histology score, TUNEL-scoring of apoptotic cells, NFkB-activity in nuclear liver extracts, serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and hepatic neutrophil infiltration.

Results
A single systemic infusion with CORM-2 protected the liver from I/Ri as evidenced by a reduction in serum AST/ALT levels and an improved liver histology score. Treatment with CORM-2 also up-regulated expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, down-regulated caspase-3 activation, and significantly reduced the levels of apoptosis after I/Ri. Furthermore, treatment with CORM-2 significantly inhibited the activity of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB as measured in nuclear extracts of liver homogenates. Moreover, CORM-2 treatment resulted in reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and down-regulation of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 in the endothelial cells of liver. In line with these findings, CORM-2 treatment reduced the accumulation of neutrophils in the liver upon I/Ri. Similar treatment with an inactive variant of CORM-2 (iCORM-2) did not have any beneficial effect on the extent of liver I/Ri.

Conclusions
CORM-2 treatment at the time of reperfusion had several distinct beneficial effects on severity of hepatic I/Ri that may be of therapeutic value for the prevention of tissue damage as a result of I/Ri during hepatic surgery.
Association of IL4Rsingle-nucleotide polymorphisms with rheumatoid nodules in African Americans with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Burgos Paula I , Causey Zenoria L , Tamhane Ashutosh , Kelley James M , Brown Elizabeth E , Hughes Laura B , Danila Maria I , van Everdingen Amalia , Conn Doyt L , Jonas Beth L , Callahan Leigh F , Smith Edwin A , Brasington Richard D , Moreland Larry W , van der Heijde Désirée M , Alarcón Graciela S , Bridges S Louis 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Introduction
To determine whether IL4R single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1805010 (I50V) and rs1801275 (Q551R), which have been associated with disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients of European ancestry, relate to the presence of rheumatoid nodules and radiographic erosions in African Americans.

Methods
Two IL4R SNPs, rs1805010 and rs1801275, were genotyped in 749 patients from the Consortium for Longitudinal Evaluation of African-Americans with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (CLEAR) registries. End points were rheumatoid nodules defined as present either by physical examination or by chest radiography and radiographic erosions (radiographs of hands/wrists and feet were scored using the modified Sharp/van der Heijde system). Statistical analyses were performed by using logistic regression modeling adjusted for confounding factors.

Results
Of the 749 patients with RA, 156 (20.8%) had rheumatoid nodules, with a mean age of 47.0 years, 84.6% female gender, and median disease duration of 1.9 years. Of the 461 patients with available radiographic data, 185 (40.1%) had erosions (score >0); their mean age was 46.7 years; 83.3% were women; and median disease duration was 1.5 years. Patients positive for HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) and autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)) had a higher risk of developing rheumatoid nodules in the presence of the AA and AG alleles of rs1801275 (odds ratio (OR)adj = 8.08 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60-40.89), P = 0.01 and ORadj = 2.97 (95% CI, 1.08 to 8.17), P = 0.04, respectively). Likewise, patients positive for the HLA-DRB1 SE and RF alone had a higher risk of developing rheumatoid nodules in presence of the AA and AG alleles of rs1801275 (ORadj = 8.45 (95% CI, 1.57 to 45.44), P = 0.01, and ORadj = 3.57 (95% CI, 1.18 to 10.76), P = 0.02, respectively) and in the presence of AA allele of rs1805010 (ORadj = 4.52 (95% CI, 1.20 to 17.03), P = 0.03). No significant association was found between IL4R and radiographic erosions or disease susceptibility, although our statistical power was limited by relatively small numbers of cases and controls.

Conclusions
We found that IL4R SNPs, rs1801275 and rs1805010, are associated with rheumatoid nodules in autoantibody-positive African-American RA patients with at least one HLA-DRB1 allele encoding the SE. These findings highlight the need for analysis of genetic factors associated with clinical RA phenotypes in different racial/ethnic populations.
The role of CD200 in immunity to B cell lymphoma
Authors: Wong Karrie K , Khatri Ismat , Shaha Suchinta , Spaner David E , Gorczynski Reginald M 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCD200 expression on lymphoma/CLL cells, or in CLL serum, suppresses immunity yet is overcome by neutralizing antibody, siRNAs, or absorption of CD200 from serum.CD200 is a transmembrane protein broadly expressed on a variety of cell types, which delivers immunoregulatory signals through binding to receptors (CD200Rs) expressed on monocytes/myeloid cells and T lymphocytes. Signals delivered through the CD200:CD200R axis have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of anti-tumor immunity, and overexpression of CD200 has been reported in a number of malignancies, including CLL, as well as on cancer stem cells. We investigated the effect of CD200 blockade in vitro on a generation of CTL responses against a poorly immunogenic CD200+ lymphoma cell line and fresh cells obtained from CLL patients using anti-CD200 mAb and CD200-specific siRNAs. Suppression of functional expression of CD200 augmented killing of the CD200+ cells, as well as production of the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α by effector PBMCs. Killing was mediated by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and CD4+ T cells play an important role in CD200-mediated suppression of CTL responses. Our data suggest that CD200 blockade may represent a novel approach to clinical treatment of CLL.
“We're the Heroes!”: Fathers' Perspectives on Their Role In Protecting Their Preteenage Children from Sexual Risk
Authors: Wilson Ellen K. , Dalberth Barbara T. , Koo Helen P. 
Published: May 2010

CONTEXT: Parents can be an important influence on their children's sexual behavior. However, relatively little research has focused on fathers’ roles in protecting children from sexual risk or on their discussions with children about sex.
METHODS: Sixteen focus groups comprising 131 parents of children aged 10–12 were conducted in three U.S. cities in 2007. Separate groups were held for mothers and fathers, and for white, black, English‐speaking Hispanic and Spanish‐speaking Hispanic participants. Content analysis was used to identify core themes and patterns related to fathers’ communications with their children about sex.
RESULTS: Fathers were highly invested in ensuring that their children are safe and successful in life. Although some had not talked to their children about sex, others had discussed it frequently and openly, and nearly all agreed that fathers’ perspectives are important for children to hear. Fathers reported being better suited to discussing some topics (e.g., male puberty, how young men think) than others (menstruation). Fathers also described other strategies that they use to guide their children's development, such as emphasizing future goals and monitoring children's activities and friends. Many fathers, especially Hispanic participants, reported being more protective of daughters than of sons, and some had particular difficulty talking with their daughters about sex.
CONCLUSIONS: Research and interventions concerning parent‐child communication about sex should not neglect the role of fathers. However, some fathers may need support to overcome barriers to effective communication, especially with their daughters.
Synthesis of 1-phenylbut-3-ene-1,2-dione and its attempted radical polymerization
Authors: Husár Branislav , Lukáč Ivan , Chmela Štefan , Canet Jean-Louis , Troin Yves 
Published: May 2010

Abstract1,2-Diketone moiety-bearing monomer 1-phenylbut-3-ene-1,2-dione, an analogue of phenyl vinyl ketone, was synthesized from 4-chlorobutyryl chloride in a 29 % overall yield in five steps. Following acylation of benzene with 4-chlorobutyryl chloride, the resulting α-methylene group was oxidized to 1,2-diketone in three steps: successive bromination, substitution with lithium hydroxide, and oxidation of α-hydroxyketone with potassium dichromate. The final step was dehydrochlorination of 4-chloro-1-phenyl-butane-1,2-dione. The attempted copolymerization of this monomer with styrene, using AIBN as the initiator, was unsuccessful.
Methods of estimating the elements of water balance in a forested catchment basin
Authors: Osuch Bolesław , Gądek Wiesław , Homa Anna , Cebulska Marta , Szczepanek Robert , Hebda-Małocha Anna 
Published: May 2010

Methods of estimating the elements of water balance in a forested catchment basin
The paper presents basic hydrological processes of rainfall-runoff transformation in experimental watershed of the Trzebuńka stream. Several field experiments were made to determine basic hydrological parameters, The influence of atmospheric circulation on spatial distribution of precipitation was investigated. Attempt was made to determine the influence of forest vegetation, undergrowth, forest litter retention and surface retention on water loss in the catchment. Water retention capacity of soil was also estimated. Developed mathematical model of rainfall-runoff transformation was used in several simulations. This allowed evaluating the effect of atmospheric circulation and spatial rainfall distribution on water balance, the influence of vegetation cover with forest litter on water runoff and the effect of forest litter alone in a hypothetical scenario of forest cutting.
Landscape alteration in view of soil protection from water erosion - an example of the Mielnica watershed
Authors: Żmuda Romuald , Szewrański Szymon , Kowalczyk Tomasz , Szarawarski Łukasz , Kuriata Michał 
Published: May 2010

Landscape alteration in view of soil protection from water erosion - an example of the Mielnica watershed
The paper pertains to landscape management in eroded areas. Erosion processes, especially water erosion of soils, change the existing landscapes and make them less attractive or even hostile to people. Such situation calls for protective actions e.g. an appropriate management of agricultural landscape to minimise negative consequences of such phenomena. The paper presents a concept of counter-erosion measures to be implemented in the Trzebnickie Hills and comments their effect on the landscape. The concept was applied to an agricultural watershed of the Mielnica River. Particular attention was paid to visual aspect of this landscape and to functioning of its elements. Changes in the landscape were visualised and set up with the present status of the watershed.
The role and importance of forest watercourses and water reservoirs in designing landscape values of forests
Authors: Janeczko Emilia 
Published: May 2010

The role and importance of forest watercourses and water reservoirs in designing landscape values of forestsThis paper presents some issues related to designing forest landscape located close to the areas of watercourses and water reservoirs. Surface waters, beside forests and diverse terrain relief, constitute the main element deciding about tourist and recreation attractiveness of every such area. Some surveys on the evaluation of forest recreational potential prove that the forest attractiveness is closely connected with the quantity and quality of water reservoirs and watercourses. Due do their functions (environmental, hydrological, economic and social), and the fact that over the past decades both their number and surface area have decreased, water areas require particular protection and concern. The aim of this paper is to highlight the necessity of defining the principles of designing forest landscape, with the consideration of the role of forest water areas in recreational and tourist development of forests.
Triassic metasediments in the internal Dinarides (Kopaonik area, southern Serbia): stratigraphy, paleogeographic and tectonic significance
Authors: Schefer Senecio , Egli Daniel , Missoni Sigrid , Bernoulli Daniel , Fügenschuh Bernhard , Gawlick Hans-Jürgen , Jovanović Divna , Krystyn Leopold , Lein Richard , Schmid Stefan , Sudar Milan 
Published: May 2010

Triassic metasediments in the internal Dinarides (Kopaonik area, southern Serbia): stratigraphy, paleogeographic and tectonic significanceStrongly deformed and metamorphosed sediments in the Studenica Valley and Kopaonik area in southern Serbia expose the easternmost occurrences of Triassic sediments in the Dinarides. In these areas, Upper Paleozoic terrigenous sediments are overlain by Lower Triassic siliciclastics and limestones and by Anisian shallow-water carbonates. A pronounced facies change to hemipelagic and distal turbiditic, cherty metalimestones (Kopaonik Formation) testifies a Late Anisian drowning of the former shallow-water carbonate shelf. Sedimentation of the Kopaonik Formation was contemporaneous with shallow-water carbonate production on nearby carbonate platforms that were the source areas of diluted turbidity currents reaching the depositional area of this formation. The Kopaonik Formation was dated by conodont faunas as Late Anisian to Norian and possibly extends into the Early Jurassic. It is therefore considered an equivalent of the grey Hallstatt facies of the Eastern Alps, the Western Carpathians, and the Albanides-Hellenides. The coeval carbonate platforms were generally situated in more proximal areas of the Adriatic margin, whereas the distal margin was dominated by hemipelagic/pelagic and distal turbiditic sedimentation, facing the evolving Neotethys Ocean to the east. A similar arrangement of Triassic facies belts can be recognized all along the evolving Meliata-Maliac-Vardar branch of Neotethys, which is in line with a ‘one-ocean-hypothesis’ for the Dinarides: all the ophiolites presently located southwest of the Drina-Ivanjica and Kopaonik thrust sheets are derived from an area to the east, and the Drina-Ivanjica and Kopaonik units emerge in tectonic windows from below this ophiolite nappe. On the base of the Triassic facies distribution we see neither argument for an independent Dinaridic Ocean nor evidence for isolated terranes or blocks.
Upwelling conditions in the Early Miocene Central Paratethys Sea
Authors: Grunert Patrick , Soliman Ali , Harzhauser Mathias , Müllegger Stefan , Piller Werner , Roetzel Reinhard , Rögl Fred 
Published: May 2010

Upwelling conditions in the Early Miocene Central Paratethys SeaEvidence for regional upwelling conditions in the Central Paratethys Sea is presented for mid-Burdigalian (early Ottnangian) times. The oceanographic phenomenon is detected in clay-diatomite successions along the steep escarpment of the Bohemian Massif in the eastern North Alpine Foreland Basin. Interpretations are based on a multiproxy data-set including published sedimentological and paleontological data, newly performed stable isotope measurements (δ18O, δ13C) of foraminifers and bulk sediment samples, and analyses of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. The revealed stable isotope values of planktonic foraminifers point to upwelling: low δ13C values indicate strong mixing of surface waters with rising nutrient-rich waters, high δ18O values reflect cool sea surface temperatures (SST). Temperature calculations give SSTs ranging from 10-14 °C. Cool SSTs and high productivity are additionally supported by bulk sediment analyses. Assemblages of dinoflagellate cysts indicate a distal-shelf environment with nutrient-rich waters. Westerly winds and tidal currents are discussed as potential driving forces behind the local upwelling event. As mid-Burdigalian geography favoured strong current patterns in the Central Paratethys as documented in the sedimentary record from the Rhône Basin to Hungary upwelling might have been a more common phenomenon in this epicontinental sea than currently known.
Sorption of heavy metal cations on rhyolitic and andesitic bentonites from Central Slovakia
Authors: Andrejkovičová Slávka , Pentrák Martin , Jankovič L'uboš , Komadel Peter 
Published: May 2010

Sorption of heavy metal cations on rhyolitic and andesitic bentonites from Central SlovakiaThe main purpose of this work was to determine adsorption characteristics of heavy metal cations on two Slovak bentonites. Adsorption of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+and Cd2+on Jelšový Potok (JP) and Lieskovec (L) bentonites was studied by the batch equilibration technique using solutions of different concentrations. Higher smectite content (81 mass %) and higher cation exchange capacity (CEC) (105 mmol M+/100 g) of JP bentonite cause higher adsorption of all heavy metals in comparison with L bentonite. JP adsorbed heavy metals in the order Pb2+» Cd2+> Zn2+> Cu2+while sorption on L was slightly different, Pb2+» Cd2+> Cu2+≥ Zn2+. The Freundlich model of adsorption is more appropriate for adsorption of Pb2+and Cd2+while lower uptake of Cu2+and Zn2+is better described by the Langmuir model. Negative ΔG° values indicate that the adsorption process of all cations on both bentonites is feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. The decrease in thed001spacings from 14.8-14.9 Å in natural dominantly Ca2+-saturated samples to 13.2-12.6 Å for both bentonites saturated with four heavy metal cations shows the effect of less hydrated exchangeable cations on interlayer spacing. Jelšový Potok bentonite of higher montmorillonite content and greater CEC is the more effective candidate for removal of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+and Cd2+from waste water than Lieskovec bentonite.
apertium-cy - a collaboratively-developed free RBMT system for Welsh to English
Authors: Tyers Francis , Donnelly Kevin 
Published: May 2010

apertium-cy - a collaboratively-developed free RBMT system for Welsh to English
apertium-cy (http://www.cymraeg.org.uk) is a rule-based "gisting" machine translation system for Welsh to English, with both engine and data released under the GPL. We summarise the development of apertium-cy, evaluate its output, and discuss the advantages of a collaborative development model combined with rule-based MT for marginalised languages.
Z-MERT: A Fully Configurable Open Source Tool for Minimum Error Rate Training of Machine Translation Systems
Authors: Zaidan Omar 
Published: May 2010

Z-MERT: A Fully Configurable Open Source Tool for Minimum Error Rate Training of Machine Translation Systems
We introduce Z-MERT, a software tool for minimum error rate training of machine translation systems (Och, 2003). In addition to being an open source tool that is extremely easy to compile and run, Z-MERT is also agnostic regarding the evaluation metric, fully configurable, and requires no modification to work with any decoder. We describe Z-MERT and review its features, and report the results of a series of experiments that examine the tool's runtime. We establish that Z-MERT is extremely efficient, making it well-suited for time-sensitive pipelines. The experiments also provide an insight into the tool's runtime in terms of several variables (size of the development set, size of produced N-best lists, etc).
Book Reviews
Authors: Murray Rowena , Trahar Sheila , Walliman Nicholas 
Published: May 2010

Eileen Carnell, Jacqui MacDonald, Bet McCallum and Mary Scott, M (2008) Passion and Politics: Academics Reflect on Writing for PublicationReview by Rowena MurrayThushari Welikala and Chris Watkins (2008) Improving Intercultural Learning Experiences in Higher Education: Responding to Cultural Scripts for LearningReview by Sheila TraharKaren Smith, Malcolm Todd and Julia Waldman (2009) Doing Your Undergraduate Social Science DissertationReview by Nicholas Walliman
Robust Stabilizing Controllers to Automatic Generation Control for Load Frequency Control Application
Authors: Sheikh M. R. I. , Takahashi R. , Tamura J. 
Published: May 2010

Since superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit with a self-commutated converter is capable of controlling both the active and reactive powers simultaneously and quickly, increasing attention has been focused recently on power system stabilization by SMES control. This study presents the effects of novel control strategies of self-tuned fuzzy proportional integral (FPI) controller and fuzzy frequency (FF) controller associated with the automatic generation control (AGC) including SMES unit. The effects of the self-tuning configuration with FPI controller in AGC is also compared with that of FF controlled AGC on SMES control. The simulation results show that both self tuning control schemes of AGC are very effective in damping out of the oscillations caused by load disturbances and it is also seen that the FF controlled AGC with SMES perform better primary frequency control compared to FPI controlled AGC with SMES. Keywords: Load frequency control; Single area power system; FPI controller; FF controller; SMES unit. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3063 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 285-293 (2010)
Synthesis of Nano-sized Nickel Particles by a Bottom-up Approach in the Presence of an Anionic Surfactant and a Cationic Polymer
Authors: Haque K. M. A. , Hussain M. S. 
Published: May 2010

Nano-sized nickel particles have been synthesized by a bottom-up approach, using hydrazine as the reducing agent in the presence of an anionic surfactant - sodium-dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The effect of adding a nonionic polymer -polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with an anionic surfactant has been studied at two different temperatures; the rate of reduction increased as the reaction temperature was increased from 60 to 100°C. These nano-aggregated nickel particles were characterized by using SEM with EDX facilities and TEM. TEM characterization showed the presence of spherical Ni particles as fine as 10nm in diameter. However, the SEM images showed a very spiky morphology, very small spherical shaped objects were clearly observed within these spiky structures. The combination of SDS/PVP reaction produced nano-sized nickel particles which were much finer than the reactions where SDS was used on its own. PVP has shown some dispersion power, and was found to be capable of preventing nickel particles from gradual agglomeration. Keywords: Bottom-up; SDS; PVP; 10 nm. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI:10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3261 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 313-321 (2010)