bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of keratinocyte growth factor in melanogenesis: a possible mechanism for the initiation of solar lentigines
Authors: Chen Nannan , Hu Yaping , Li Wen‐Hwa , Eisinger Magdalena , Seiberg Miri , Lin Connie B. 
Published: September 2009

Please cite this paper as: The role of keratinocyte growth factor in melanogenesis: a possible mechanism for the initiation of solar lentigines. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 865–872.Abstract:  Solar lentigines (SLs) are hyperpigmentary lesions presented on sun‐exposed areas of the skin and associated with ageing. The molecular mechanism of SL initiation is not completely understood. Ultraviolet B (UVB) stimulates keratinocytes to produce interlukin‐1 alpha (IL‐1α), which then induces keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) secretion; therefore, we examined their possible roles in the induction of SLs. We found that KGF increases pigment production in both pigmented epidermal equivalents and human skin explants. In addition, UVB exposure increases KGF expression, and KGF treatment induces tyrosinase (TYR) expression in primary melanocytes. The KGF‐induced pigmentary changes were confirmed using pigmented Yucatan swine, and human skins grafted onto immuno‐deficient mice. In both model systems, the topical treatment with KGF, alone or in combination with IL‐1α, resulted in the in vivo formation of hyperpigmentary lesions with increased pigment deposition and elongated rete ridges, which resemble the histological features of human SLs. Preliminary immunohistochemical analysis of human skins showed a moderate increase in KGF, and a strong induction in KGF receptor (KGFR) in SL lesions. In summary, KGF increases pigment production and deposition in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we show for the first time the in vivo generation of hyperpigmentary lesions with histological resemblance to human SLs and indicate the involvement of KGF/KGFR in the molecular pathology of human SLs.
Effects of N-acetylcysteine on substance use in bipolar disorder: a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bernardo Michelle , Dodd Seetal , Gama Clarissa S. , Copolov David L , Dean Olivia , Kohlmann Kristy , Jeavons Susan , Schapkaitz Ian , Anderson-Hunt Murray , Bush Ashley I , Berk Michael 
Published: September 2009

Objective:To evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on substance use in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of NAC in bipolar disorder. It is hypothesised that NAC will be superior to placebo for reducing scores on the Clinical Global Impressions scale for Substance Use (CGI-SU).Methods:Participants were randomised to 6-months of treatment with 2 g/day NAC (n = 38) or placebo (n = 37). Substance use was assessed at baseline using the Habits instrument. Change in substance use was assessed at regular study visits using the CGI-SU.Results:Amongst the 75 participants 78.7% drank alcohol (any frequency), 45.3% smoked tobacco and 92% consumer caffeine. Other substances were used by fewer than six participants. Caffeine use was significantly lower for NAC-treated participants compared with placebo at week 2 of treatment but not at other study visits.Conclusion:NAC appeared to have little effect on substance use in this population. A larger study on a substance using population will be necessary to determine if NAC may be a useful treatment for substance use.
ALKALINE NOODLES AND FLOUR/GEL PROPERTIES OF HARD RED AND WHITE WINTER WHEAT
Authors: RAYAS‐DUARTE P. , FRANCISCO C. , PAYTON M.E. , BELLMER D.D. , CARVER B.F. , HUANG W.N. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT Alkaline noodle characteristics and flour gel properties made with one white and one red hard winter wheat cultivar were studied. The wheat was grown in four Oklahoma agricultural districts, with two to seven locations on each district. Both cultivars had similar flour protein content and overall raw dough sheet color stability (ΔL* andΔb*) in three out of four agricultural districts. Cimarron and Oro Blanco showed differences inΔa*,Δb* and adhesiveness in the North Central agricultural district. Resilience values of cooked noodles from Oro Blanco were small, but significantly higher in the Central district. Higher flour peak viscosity was observed for Oro Blanco, plus a trend to lower polyphenol oxidase activity and higher elastic modulus than Cimarron.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSHard red winter wheat from the U.S.A. is used in the manufacturing of alkaline noodles in Asia. Color and texture characteristics are among the most important attributes that determine the quality of this type of noodles. Two types of winter wheat cultivars, red and white, were compared and their key properties (including gel properties) of importance in the international trade and noodle manufacturing are reported.
BAKING AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF MUFFINS INCORPORATED WITH APPLE SKIN POWDER
Authors: VASANTHA RUPASINGHE H.P. , WANG LAIXIN , PITTS NANCY L. , ASTATKIE T. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT Apple fruit skin, a rich source of dietary fiber and phenolics, is a by‐product of apple processing. The feasibility of incorporating dried apple skin powder (ASP) as a value‐added food ingredient in bakery food products using a model system of muffins was investigated. The blanched, dehydrated and ground ASP was incorporated into muffins at 0, 4, 8, 16, 24 or 32% (w/w) levels with replacement of equivalent amount of wheat flour of a standard muffin mixture. The highest level of replacement (32% w/w) had a significant adverse effect on the baking characteristics. A taste panel of 66 panelists showed that the replacement of wheat flour with 8, 16 or 24% ASP in the muffin mixture did not affect the overall acceptability. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIdentification of ways to incorporate apple skins, one of the by‐products of apple pie and sauce manufacturing, as a health food ingredient in human diet could provide many health benefits. Furthermore, better use of the by‐product will also provide benefits to the apple industry as well as solutions for environment concerns associated with disposal. The results of the present study indicate that blanched and dehydrated apple skin powder (ASP) could be considered as an alternative dietary fiber source or specialty food ingredient for muffins. Therefore, the potential for the industrial exploitation of ASP as a health food ingredient for the bakery industry and selected functional foods is promising.
MATURITY AND SOURCE‐ROCK POTENTIAL OF MESOZOIC AND PALAEOZOIC SEDIMENTS, JIFARAH BASIN, NW LIBYA
Authors: Abohajar A. , Krooss B.M. , Harouda M. , Littke R. 
Published: September 2009

The Jifarah Basin, NW Libya, has a sedimentary fill which includes marine shales of Triassic, Permian, Silurian and Ordovician ages together with Jurassic evaporites and Cambro‐Ordovician aeolian sandstones. Major risk in exploration of the basin is associated with the presence of source rocks. The present study investigates potential source rocks in the basin and assesses their thermal maturity, petroleum generation potential, organic richness and distribution. Cuttings and core samples from nine wells were analyzed using a Rock‐Eval 6 instrument and by standard petrographic microscopy. Kerogen type and amount were recorded.Triassic and Ordovician formations were only drilled in parts of the basin and have minor petroleum generation potential. Permian and Devonian samples also had low generation potential, as did samples from the upper part of the Silurian. The Devonian succession is of limited extent as a result of Hercynian uplift and erosion.Major petroleum generation potential is associated with the lower part of the Silurian Tanezzuft Formation in which high TOC values and moderate to high HI values were recorded. The formation is characterized by abundant fluorescing alginite. Most samples studied were early mature to mid‐mature but there was some regional variability.
Changes in Cancer Incidence Patterns Among a Northeastern American Indian Population: 1955‐1969 Versus 1990‐2004
Authors: Mahoney Martin C. , Va Puthiery , Stevens Adrian , Kahn Amy R. , Michalek Arthur M. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT:
Purpose:

This manuscript examines shifts in patterns of cancer incidence among the Seneca Nation of Indians (SNI) for the interval 1955‐1969 compared to 1990‐2004. Methods: A retrospective cohort design was used to examine cancer incidence among the SNI during 2 time intervals: 1955‐1969 and 1990‐2004. Person‐years at risk were multiplied by cancer incidence rates for New York State, exclusive of New York City, over 5‐year intervals. A computer‐aided match with the New York State Cancer Registry was used to identify incident cancers. Overall and site‐specific standardized incidence ratios (SIRs = observed/expected × 100), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated for both time periods. Results: During the earlier interval, deficits in overall cancer incidence were noted among males (SIR = 56, CI 36‐82) and females (SIR = 71, CI 50‐98), and for female breast cancers (SIR = 21, CI 4‐62). During the more recent intervals, deficits in overall cancer incidence persisted among both genders (males SIR = 63, CI 52‐77; females SIR = 67, CI 55‐80). Deficits were also noted among males for cancers of the lung (SIR = 60, CI 33‐98), prostate (SIR = 51, CI = 33‐76) and bladder (SIR = 17, CI = 2–61) and among females for breast (SIR = 33, CI = 20‐53) and uterus (SIR = 36, CI = 10‐92). No cancer sites demonstrated increased incidence. Persons ages 60‐69 years, 70‐79 years, and ages 80+ years tended to exhibit deficits in overall incidence. Conclusions: Despite marked changes over time, deficits in overall cancer incidence have persisted between the time intervals studied. Tribal‐specific cancer data are important for the development and implementation of comprehensive cancer control plans which align with local needs.
Adaptation of Consultation Planning for Native American and Latina Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Belkora Jeffrey , Franklin Lauren , O’Donnell Sara , Ohnemus Julie , Stacey Dawn 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT:
Context:

Resource centers in rural, underserved areas are implementing Consultation Planning (CP) to help women with breast cancer create a question list before a doctor visit. Purpose: To identify changes needed for acceptable delivery of CP to rural Native Americans and Latinas. Methods: We interviewed and surveyed 27 Native American and Latino key informants. We coded interviews thematically, and calculated summary statistics for the survey data. Findings: Native American and Latino respondents endorsed CP as culturally acceptable to their communities, while suggesting changes. Respondents also raised the topic of how to further support patients once they have successfully prepared a question list using CP. Conclusions: The resource centers implemented the requested changes.
Designated Medical Directors for Emergency Medical Services: Recruitment and Roles
Authors: Slifkin Rebecca T. , Freeman Victoria A. , Patterson P. Daniel 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT:
Context:

Emergency medical services (EMS) agencies rely on medical oversight to support Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) in the provision of prehospital care. Most states require EMS agencies to have a designated medical director (DMD), who typically is responsible for the many activities of medical oversight. Purpose: To assess rural‐urban differences in obtaining a DMD and in their responsibilities. Methods: A national survey of 1,425 local EMS directors, conducted in 2007. Findings: Rural EMS directors were more likely than urban ones to report DMD recruitment problems, but recruitment barriers were similar, with the most commonly reported barrier being an unwillingness of local physicians to serve. Rural EMS directors reported that their DMDs were less likely to be trained in Emergency Medicine, and were less likely to provide educational support functions such as continuing education. Rural agencies were more likely to get on‐line medical direction from their DMD, but were less likely to always get the on‐line support they needed. Common barriers to on‐line support were typical of rural communication barriers. Conclusions: Existing recommendations for DMD qualifications may be difficult to attain in rural communities. To develop programs that will support medical direction for rural EMS agencies, it is important to learn what physicians identify as the barriers to serving as DMDs, and whether there are alternative and innovative ways to provide an optimal level of medical oversight. Solutions will likely be multi‐faceted, as EMS activities and organizational structures are diverse and the responsibilities of the DMD are broad.
Double Whammy? Rural Youth With Serious Emotional Disturbance and the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Heflinger Craig Anne , Hoffman Cheri 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT:
Context:

All youth, especially those with serious emotional disturbances (SED), face challenges as they transition to adulthood. Little is known about rural youth at risk for transition problems. Purpose: To examine transition‐age youth who use publicly funded services in rural and urban/suburban locations in Tennessee in order to describe youth at risk for transition difficulties who need policy and service planning. Methods: Using Medicaid enrollment and claims/encounter data, youth at high risk for transition difficulties were identified in the following groups: SED, at risk of or in foster care/state custody, intensive or frequent mental health services users, or diagnosed with major mental disorders, behavior disorders, mental retardation, or substance use. Membership in these groups was compared between youth living in rural and urban/suburban counties. Multivariate regression was used to examine factors related to multiple group membership. Findings: Rural youth were more likely to be in groups at high risk for problems transitioning to adulthood, and enrolled in Medicaid as uninsured/uninsurable, compared to their urban counterparts. The strongest factors associated with multiple risk group membership were being in state custody/foster care and receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI). Conclusions: Services are needed to support the transition to adulthood for youth at high risk of behavioral and adjustment problems. Systems to support coordinated planning and accountability are needed, including data on populations and services, and research on transition‐age youth.
Horse‐Related Injuries Among Agricultural Household Members: Regional Rural Injury Study II (RRIS‐II)
Authors: Erkal Sibel , Gerberich Susan G. , Ryan Andrew D. , Alexander Bruce H. , Renier Colleen M. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT:
Purpose:

To determine the incidence, associated consequences, and potential risk factors for horse‐related injuries among youth and adults residing in Midwestern agricultural households. Methods: Demographic, injury, and exposure data were collected for 1999 and 2001 among randomly selected agricultural households within a 5‐state region. A causal model facilitated survey design, data analysis, and interpretation of results; directed acyclic graphs guided multivariate modeling. Findings: From 7,420 households (84% response of eligible), involving 32,601 persons, 5,045 total injury events were reported; 1,016 were animal‐related injuries, of which 215 (21%) were horse‐related (rate, 6.7 events per 1,000 persons per year). Seventy‐seven percent (77%) required health care; comparing those under age 20 and those 20 and older, 49% and 54%, respectively, lost work time on their operation (28% and 26%, one week or more), as a result of injuries largely associated with horse riding activities (70% and 56%). Multivariate analysis for youths under age 20 indicated: increased risks in North and South Dakota, for >0 hours worked, and for having a history of prior agriculture‐related injury; and decreased risks for males. For those 20 and older, increased risks were identified for a prior injury history and less than high school education. Conclusions: Horse‐related injuries, primarily associated with riding activities, are a significant problem among agricultural communities, and greatly impact their operations.
The Self‐Conscious Emotions: How are they Experienced, Expressed, and Assessed?
Authors: Robins Richard W. , Schriber Roberta A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe self‐conscious emotions (e.g., embarrassment, guilt, pride, shame) are a special class of emotions that critically involve the self, including the capacity to form stable self‐representations and to evaluate oneself relative to internal and external standards. In this article, we summarize five areas of recent research on self‐conscious emotions: (a) the cognitive elicitors, or causal appraisals, that generate them; (b) their non‐verbal expressions; (c) the underlying neural processes; (d) the degree to which their experience and expression varies across cultures; and (e) the measures that have been developed to assess them. In each section, we provide recommendations for future research directions.
Lay Theories of Personality: Cornerstones of Meaning in Social Cognition
Authors: Plaks Jason E. , Levy Sheri R. , Dweck Carol S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLay theories (or ‘implicit theories’) are cornerstones for social cognition: people use lay theories to help them make sense of complex and ambiguous behavior. In this study, we describe recent research on the entity and incremental theories (the belief that personality is fixed or malleable). In so doing, we demonstrate that each theory does not act alone. Instead, each is associated with a set of allied beliefs, the sum total of which cohere into two distinct meaning systems. We present evidence that these meaning systems produce systematic differences in a range of fundamental social cognition processes, with important implications for the field’s understanding of trait/situation attribution, moral judgment, person memory, and stereotyping. We further argue that because meaning systems serve a central meaning‐making function, people are motivated to believe that the meaning system they are using is effective and accurate. Accordingly, we present evidence that people exhibit processing distortions and compensatory mechanisms to minimize the impact of information that violates their meaning system. We discuss the implications of these findings for the field’s understanding of basic social cognition.
Relational Self‐Construal: Past and Future
Authors: Cross Susan E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRelational self‐construal is characterized as the extent to which a person defines the self in terms of close relationships. In this article, I distinguish relational self‐construal from collective‐interdependent self‐construal and from other similar‐sounding constructs. I review the history of the concept of relational self‐construal and how it is most frequently measured or manipulated. The remainder of the article focuses on research that examines the role of relational self‐construal in cognition, affect, motivation, and close interpersonal relationships.
Beneficial effects of preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab on trabeculectomy outcomes in neovascular glaucoma
Authors: Saito Yoshiaki , Higashide Tomomi , Takeda Hisashi , Ohkubo Shinji , Sugiyama Kazuhisa 
Published: September 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  This study aimed to investigate the effects of preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) on outcomes in trabeculectomy for neovascular glaucoma (NVG).Methods:  Charts for 52 NVG eyes of 52 consecutive patients who received primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) were reviewed. Postoperative follow‐up periods for all patients were ≥ 4 months. Thirty‐two consecutive eyes were treated without IVB (control group) and 20 consecutive eyes received IVB (1.25 mg) 10 ± 11 days before trabeculectomy (IVB group). The main outcome measures were postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and incidence of postoperative complications. Surgical success was defined as IOP< 21 mmHg with or without medication (qualified or complete success, respectively). Failure was defined as IOP exceeding these criteria, phthisis bulbi, loss of light perception or additional glaucoma surgeries. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis with the log‐rank test was performed to compare surgical success rates between the two groups.Results:  Complete and qualified success rates at 6 months were 95% versus 50% and 95% versus 75% in the IVB and control groups, respectively. The IVB group achieved significantly better surgical success rates than the control group (complete success, p < 0.001; qualified success, p = 0.026). Postoperative hyphaema on day 1 or hyphaema with a duration of > 1 week occurred significantly less frequently in the IVB group than in the control group (p = 0.009, p = 0.014, respectively). The incidence of serious complications such as endophthalmitis, phthisis bulbi and a marked decrease in visual acuity did not increase in the IVB group.Conclusions:  This retrospective study showed that preoperative IVB decreased postoperative hyphaema and increased surgical success rates, and thus may be an effective adjunct to trabeculectomy in NVG.
Association between genetic variants inVEGF,ERCC3and occupational benzene haematotoxicity
Authors: Hosgood H D , Zhang L , Shen M , Berndt S I , Vermeulen R , Li G , Yin S , Yeager M , Yuenger J , Rothman N , Chanock S , Smith M , Lan Q 
Published: September 2009

Introduction:Benzene is an established human haematotoxin, with substantial interindividual variation in benzene-induced toxicity.Methods:To further examine if genetic variation contributes to benzene haematotoxicity, we analysed 1023 tagSNPs in 121 gene regions important for benzene metabolism, haematopoiesis, leukaemia and lymphoma among 250 workers exposed to benzene and 140 unexposed controls in a cross-sectional study carried out in China. Linear regression was used to analyse the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and total white blood cell (WBC) count and its subtypes, adjusting for potential confounders and occupational exposure to benzene and toluene among exposed workers. The minp test assessed the association on the gene region level. The false discovery rate method was used to control for multiple comparisons.Results:VEGF(minp = 0.0030) andERCC3(minp = 0.0042) were the most significantly associated gene regions with altered WBC counts among benzene-exposed workers, after accounting for multiple comparisons. Highly significant changes were also found for WBC subtype counts, including granulocytes, CD4+ T cells and lymphocytes forVEGFand granulocytes and NK cells forERCC3. Further, in workers exposed to <1 ppm, a SNP inVEGFwas associated with changes in WBC and granulocyte counts, and SNPs inERCC3were associated with changes in WBC, NK cell and granulocyte counts.Discussion:Our findings suggest that genetic variation inVEGF, which plays an important role in blood vessel growth, andERCC3, which is a member of the DNA repair pathway and is responsible for repairing bulky DNA adducts formed by chemicals, may contribute to individual susceptibility to benzene-induced haematotoxicity at relatively low levels of benzene exposure.