bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential timing of gene expression regulation between leptocephali of the two Anguilla eel species in the Sargasso Sea
Authors: Bernatchez Louis , St‐Cyr Jérôme , Normandeau Eric , Maes Gregory E. , Als Thomas D. , Kalujnaia Svetlana , Cramb Gordon , Castonguay Martin , Hansen Michael M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe unique life‐history characteristics of North Atlantic catadromous eels have long intrigued evolutionary biologists, especially with respect to mechanisms that could explain their persistence as two ecologically very similar but reproductively and geographically distinct species. Differential developmental schedules during young larval stages have commonly been hypothesized to represent such a key mechanism. We performed a comparative analysis of gene expression by means of microarray experiments with American and European eel leptocephali collected in the Sargasso Sea in order to test the alternative hypotheses of (1) differential timing of gene expression regulation during early development versus (2) species‐specific differences in expression of particular genes. Our results provide much stronger support for the former hypothesis since no gene showed consistent significant differences in expression levels between the two species. In contrast, 146 genes showed differential timings of expression between species, although the observed expression level differences between the species were generally small. Consequently, species‐specific gene expression regulation seems to play a minor role in species differentiation. Overall, these results show that the basis of the early developmental divergence between the American and European eel is probably influenced by differences in the timing of gene expression regulation for genes involved in a large array of biological functions.
Neuronal activity regulates glutamate transporter dynamics in developing astrocytes
Authors: Benediktsson Adrienne M. , Marrs Glen S. , Tu Jian Cheng , Worley Paul F. , Rothstein Jeffrey D. , Bergles Dwight E. , Dailey Michael E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGlutamate transporters (GluTs) maintain a low ambient level of glutamate in the central nervous system (CNS) and shape the activation of glutamate receptors at synapses. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that regulate the trafficking and localization of transporters near sites of glutamate release are poorly understood. Here, we examined the subcellular distribution and dynamic remodeling of the predominant GluT GLT‐1 (excitatory amino acid transporter 2, EAAT2) in developing hippocampal astrocytes. Immunolabeling revealed that endogenous GLT‐1 is concentrated into discrete clusters along branches of developing astrocytes that were apposed preferentially to synapsin‐1 positive synapses. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐GLT‐1 fusion proteins expressed in astrocytes also formed distinct clusters that lined the edges of astrocyte processes, as well as the tips of filopodia and spine‐like structures. Time‐lapse three‐dimensional confocal imaging in tissue slices revealed that GFP‐GLT‐1 clusters were dynamically remodeled on a timescale of minutes. Some transporter clusters moved within developing astrocyte branches as filopodia extended and retracted, while others maintained stable positions at the tips of spine‐like structures. Blockade of neuronal activity with tetrodotoxin reduced both the density and perisynaptic localization of GLT‐1 clusters. Conversely, enhancement of neuronal activity increased the size of GLT‐1 clusters and their proximity to synapses. Together, these findings indicate that neuronal activity influences both the organization of GluTs in developing astrocyte membranes and their position relative to synapses. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cryptotanshinone down‐regulates androgen receptor signaling by modulating lysine‐specific demethylase 1 function
Authors: Wu Ching‐Yuan , Hsieh Chang‐Yi , Huang Ko‐En , Chang Chawnshang , Kang Hong‐Yo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDevelopment and progression of prostate cancer are intimately associated with androgen receptor (AR) signaling. The emergence of hormone‐refractory prostate cancer and consequent failure of conventional androgen deprivation therapies make it necessary to bypass hormonal resistance by targeting the same signaling pathway at new intervention points. In our study, we showed that cryptotanshinone inhibited the growth of AR‐positive prostate cancer cells, suggesting that cryptotanshinone affected AR function. Cryptotanshinone also profoundly inhibited the transcriptional activity of AR and suppressed the expression of several AR‐target genes at the mRNA and the protein levels. At the molecular level, cryptotanshinone disrupted the interaction between AR and lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), and inhibited the complex of AR and LSD1 to the promoter of AR target genes without affecting the protein degradation and translocation of AR. Cryptotanshinone increased the mono‐methyl and di‐methylation of Histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9), a repressive histone marker which is demethylated and activated by LSD1. These data suggest that cryptotanshinone functions via inhibition of LSD1, a protein that promotes AR‐dependent transcriptional activity via derepression of H3K9. In summary, we describe a novel mechanism whereby cryptotanshinone down‐regulates AR signaling via functional inhibition of LSD1‐mediated demethylation of H3K9 and represses the transcriptional activity of AR. Our data suggest that cryptotanshinone can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for prostate cancer.
Minimally invasive non‐thermal laser technology using laser‐induced optical breakdown for skin rejuvenation
Authors: Habbema Louis , Verhagen Rieko , Van Hal Robbert , Liu Yan , Varghese Babu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe describe a novel, minimally invasive laser technology for skin rejuvenation by creating isolated microscopic lesions within tissue below the epidermis using laser induced optical breakdown. Using an in‐house built prototype device, tightly focused near‐infrared laser pulses are used to create optical breakdown in the dermis while leaving the epidermis intact, resulting in lesions due to cavitation and plasma explosion. This stimulates a healing response and consequently skin remodelling, resulting in skin rejuvenation effects. Analysis of ex‐vivo and in‐vivo treated human skin samples successfully demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of the microscopic lesion creation inside the dermis. Treatments led to mild side effects that can be controlled by small optimizations of the optical skin contact and treatment depth within the skin. The histological results from a limited panel test performed on five test volunteers show evidence of microscopic lesion creation and new collagen formation at the sites of the optical breakdown. This potentially introduces a safe, breakthrough treatment procedure for skin rejuvenation without damaging the epidermis with no or little social down‐time and with efficacy comparable to conventional fractional ablative techniques. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SPINE X: Improving protein secondary structure prediction by multistep learning coupled with prediction of solvent accessible surface area and backbone torsion angles
Authors: Faraggi Eshel , Zhang Tuo , Yang Yuedong , Kurgan Lukasz , Zhou Yaoqi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAccurate prediction of protein secondary structure is essential for accurate sequence alignment, three‐dimensional structure modeling, and function prediction. The accuracy of ab initio secondary structure prediction from sequence, however, has only increased from around 77 to 80% over the past decade. Here, we developed a multistep neural‐network algorithm by coupling secondary structure prediction with prediction of solvent accessibility and backbone torsion angles in an iterative manner. Our method called SPINE X was applied to a dataset of 2640 proteins (25% sequence identity cutoff) previously built for the first version of SPINE and achieved a 82.0% accuracy based on 10‐fold cross validation (Q3). Surpassing 81% accuracy by SPINE X is further confirmed by employing an independently built test dataset of 1833 protein chains, a recently built dataset of 1975 proteins and 117 CASP 9 targets (critical assessment of structure prediction techniques) with an accuracy of 81.3%, 82.3% and 81.8%, respectively. The prediction accuracy is further improved to 83.8% for the dataset of 2640 proteins if the DSSP assignment used above is replaced by a more consistent consensus secondary structure assignment method. Comparison to the popular PSIPRED and CASP‐winning structure‐prediction techniques is made. SPINE X predicts number of helices and sheets correctly for 21.0% of 1833 proteins, compared to 17.6% by PSIPRED. It further shows that SPINE X consistently makes more accurate prediction in helical residues (6%) without over prediction while PSIPRED makes more accurate prediction in coil residues (3–5%) and over predicts them by 7%. SPINE X Server and its training/test datasets are available at http://sparks.informatics.iupui.edu/ © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2012
Partial nitrification of sludge reject water using suspended and granular biomass
Authors: López‐Palau S. , Dosta J. , Pericas A. , Mata‐Álvarez J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Partial nitrification–Anammox is a combined promising advanced biological process for the removal of nitrogen from wastewater, which allows important savings in energy consumption, sludge production, and organic carbon. Granular biomass appears to be an interesting alternative to conventional activated sludge, mainly because of its better settling properties. This study deals with the experimental results of a comparison between a conventional and a granular sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for the partial nitrification of reject water.RESULTS: After some days of operation, 30 days in the conventional SBR (system A) and 100 days in the granular SBR (system B), partial nitrification was achieved. Granular sludge showed much better settling properties than suspended biomass, with values of sludge volumetric index (SVI10) of 130 mL g−1 in system A and 38 mL g−1 in system B. Consequently, the solids concentration within the granular reactor was three times higher than for the conventional system while the concentration of solids in the effluent was 10 times higher in the conventional SBR. Morphology, microstructure and microbial populations in both systems were also studied.CONCLUSION: A partial nitrification process was successfully achieved in both systems, obtaining an effluent with a NO2−‐N/NH4+‐N ratio near 1, suitable for a following Anammox process. Granular biomass, mostly formed by round particles, showed better settling properties, leading to better sludge–effluent separation as well as higher biomass retention in the reactor. The granulation process does not affect bacterial populations, since they were the same in both systems. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhanced lipase production from Aeromonas sp. S1 using Sal deoiled seed cake as novel natural substrate for potential application in dairy wastewater treatment
Authors: Mahdi Bayan A. , Bhattacharya Amrik , Gupta Anshu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Sal (Shorea robusta) deoiled seed cake extract (SDOCE) was assessed for its suitability as a cheap natural substrate for lipase production under submerged fermentation. The bacterial isolate Aeromonas sp. S1 isolated from dairy industry was used for lipase production. Both the isolate and its lipase were shown to be potential tools for treatment of dairy wastewater containing higher organic load.RESULTS: On substituting tributyrin with SDOCE, lipase production was enhanced 24‐fold (195 U mL−1) compared with the initial 8.13 U mL−1 lipase activity. Maximum lipase production was obtained at pH 8.0 and incubation temperature 30 °C. The lipase had pH and temperature optima of 10.0 and 55 °C, respectively. The isolate and its crude enzyme preparation were checked separately for applicability in dairy wastewater treatment. The isolate was able to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 93%, oil and grease (O&G) by 75%, and total suspended solids (TSS) by 47% after 96 h of treatment. Enzymatic preparation gave 86% reduction of COD after 12 h and 75 and 45% reduction of O&G and TSS, respectively, after 96 h of treatment.CONCLUSION: Overall, the study shows the usefulness of Sal seed deoiled cake, a cheap agro‐industrial by‐product for the production of lipase. The isolate and its lipase can also be used effectively for the treatment of dairy wastewater. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Lateglacial and early Holocene summer temperatures in the southern Swiss Alps reconstructed using fossil chironomids
Authors: Samartin Stéphanie , Heiri Oliver , Vescovi Elisa , Brooks Stephen J. , Tinner Willy 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe present a Lateglacial and early Holocene chironomid‐based July air temperature reconstruction from Foppe (1470 m a.s.l.) in the Swiss Southern Alps. Our analysis suggests that chironomid assemblages have responded to major and minor climatic fluctuations during the past 17 000 years, such as the Oldest Dryas, the Younger Dryas and the Bølling/Allerød events in the Lateglacial and the Preboreal Oscillation at the beginning of the Holocene. Quantitative July air temperature estimates were produced by applying a combined Norwegian and Swiss temperature inference model consisting of 274 lakes to the fossil chironomid assemblages. The Foppe record infers average July air temperatures of ca. 9.9 °C during the Oldest Dryas, 12.2 °C during most of the Bølling/Allerød and 11.1 °C for the Younger Dryas. Mean July air temperatures during the Preboreal were 14 °C. Major temperature changes were observed at the Oldest Dryas/Bølling (+2.7 °C), the Allerød/Younger Dryas (−2 °C) and the Younger Dryas/Holocene transitions (+3.9 °C). The temperature reconstruction also shows centennial‐scale coolings of ca. 0.8–1.4 °C, which may be synchronous with the Aegelsee (Greenland Interstadial 1d) and the Preboreal Oscillations. A comparison of our results with other palaeoclimate records suggests noticeable temperature gradients across the Alps during the Lateglacial and early Holocene. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fibre‐rich additives—the effect on staling and their function in free‐standing and pan‐baked bread
Authors: Purhagen Jeanette K , Sjöö Malin E , Eliasson Ann‐Charlotte 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The use of dietary fibre in bread products is increasing because of consumer demand for healthier products. However, an increase in dietary fibre level changes the rheological properties of the dough and also the quality properties of the final bread product. In this study, effects on dough and bread staling were followed after replacing 3% of wheat flour by fibre‐rich additives (fine durum, oat bran, rye bran and wheat bran). Free‐standing and pan‐baked loaves were baked to compare the influence of baking method and loaf shape.RESULTS: All additives increased dough stability, with oat bran giving the greatest stability and longest development time. Parameters measured during storage were distribution, migration and loss of water, cutability, crumbliness, firmness and springiness. Furthermore, amylopectin retrogradation and amylase‐lipid complex formation were assessed. Oat bran provided similar or better results than the control for all staling parameters, while other additives gave no general improvements. Cutability reached a plateau when crumb firmness was ≥ 4 N.CONCLUSION: Small amounts of fibre‐rich additives had a significant influence on staling. However, the baking method (free‐standing or pan‐baked bread) had a greater impact on staling than the additives, thus displaying the importance of the baking method. Cutability was found to be related to firmness. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of low‐fat and low‐calorie beef sausage using modified starch as fat replacement agent
Authors: Mohammadi Mehrdad , Oghabi Firouz 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effects of modified waxy maize starch (MWMS, 10–32.5 g kg−1) as a replacement for varying levels of oil or both oil and wheat flour (WF) on the chemical and technological characteristics of 60% beef sausages were investigated.RESULTS: Addition of MWMS increased water‐holding capacity and decreased moisture content and both cooking and purge losses. Incorporation of MWMS improved organoleptic acceptance compared with control sausages.CONCLUSION: Sausage formula 5 (F5), containing 20 g kg−1 MWMS and 50 g kg−1 WF, was better (P < 0.05) than all other formulae. The total caloric content of the sausages decreased significantly with decreasing fat level (P < 0.05); for example, the decrease in fat content of 57.4% in F5 led to a significant decrease in energy value of 34.9% (P < 0.05). Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Destination Attributes' Evaluation, Satisfaction and Behavioural Intentions: a Structural Modelling Approach
Authors: Eusébio Celeste , Vieira Armando Luís 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThis study aims at developing and testing a model integrating the associations among tourists' evaluation of destinations' attributes, overall satisfaction and behavioural intentions. The analysis is based on 923 observations collected in the Central Region of Portugal, where no investigation of this nature had been conducted before, and compares results regarding domestic versus international tourists. LISREL estimates provided strong support for the model. Some idiosyncrasies specific to each sample were found. This study represents an important contribution to the body of knowledge in the area of tourism destinations' management and marketing and suggests important implications to both practitioners and researchers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histologic changes in transplanted expanded polytetrafluoroethylene in an animal model
Authors: Kim Ji Heui , Park Chan Hum , Lee Ok Joo , Lee Jun Ho , Hong Seok Min 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Several materials have been used for nasal augmentation surgery. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e‐PTFE) (Gore‐Tex; W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) has proven to be an ideal synthetic material for nasal augmentation. Gore‐Tex contains numerous pores that stabilize an implant, but this advantage has been tempered by unpredictable outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate morphologic and histologic changes in nonreinforced Gore‐Tex in a rabbit model.Study Design:In vivo study using a rabbit model.Methods:To analyze histologic changes, we used 20 New Zealand white rabbits. Gore‐Tex was implanted into the nasal dorsum of the rabbits. Then, en bloc specimens containing the implant and surrounding soft tissues were sampled 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after implantation. We evaluated the three‐dimensional size of the implants over time using light and electron microscopy to investigate histologic and morphologic changes.Results:Following gross analysis, none of the implants were lost or extruded, and there was no evidence of wound infection. Diminution rates of thickness, width, and height in the implants were 22%, 2%, and 5%, respectively. Histologically, connective tissue growth was observed in all specimens, and the internodal space decreased owing to connective tissue ingrowth over time. Neovascularization was observed 3 months after implantation, and degenerative changes were also observed after 6 months.Conclusions:Gore‐Tex should be carefully trimmed for use in augmentation because of its potential to decrease in size over time. Additional studies are necessary before these results can be applied in clinical practice.
Further insights into perceived value and consumer loyalty: A “Green” perspective
Authors: Koller Monika , Floh Arne , Zauner Alexander 
Published: November 2011

Abstract“Green consumption” is an increasingly important topic in today's society. The effect of the ecological value provided by traditionally non‐green products, such as automobiles, on their consumer's post‐purchase behavior, such as brand or model loyalty, requires further clarification. The present study provides qualitative and quantitative insights from car users on how the ecological aspect of consumption integrates into the link between perceived value and consumer loyalty intentions (value–loyalty link). In general, car usage is accompanied by perceived functional, economic, emotional, and social value. Perceived ecological value is shown to have a significant impact on these four value dimensions. The relevance of “green to have quality,” “green to save money,” “green to feel good,” and “green to be seen” in relation to loyalty intention is discussed. Results of a structural equation model and multigroup analysis provide the opportunity to derive both theoretical and applied implications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exercise training mitigates anthracycline‐induced chronic cardiotoxicity in a juvenile rat model
Authors: Hayward Reid , Lien Chia‐Ying , Jensen Brock T. , Hydock David S. , Schneider Carole M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundChildhood cancer survivors are at greater risk of cardiovascular complications once they reach adulthood. Anthracyclines may be a major contributor to these delayed‐onset complications, yet their use continues because of favorable clinical outcomes. Exercise has been shown to protect against anthracycline cardiotoxicity, yet it is unclear whether exercise can protect against delayed‐onset cardiotoxicity when treatment is initiated in childhood. The aim of the present study was to determine if exercise training provides cardioprotection in a juvenile rat model of delayed‐onset anthracycline cardiotoxicity.ProcedureAt 25 days of age, male Sprague–Dawley rat pups were subjected to a treatment regimen with the anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX). Pups received DOX at 2 mg/kg on 7 consecutive days (cumulative dose 14 mg/kg) or saline as a control. At the time DOX treatment began, pups remained sedentary or were allowed to voluntarily exercise. Ten weeks after the initiation of exercise, cardiac function was assessed both in vivo and ex vivo.ResultsDOX treatment stunted normal growth and significantly impaired cardiac function. While voluntary exercise did not offset changes in the growth curve, it did provide significant cardioprotection against DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity.ConclusionsExercise training, initiated at the time treatment begins, can protect against delayed‐onset anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity in adult rats that were treated with anthracyclines as juveniles. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 149–154. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of CdTe surface composition on doping and device performance in close Space sublimation deposited CdTe solar cells
Authors: Major J. D. , Proskuryakov Y. Y. , Durose K. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTCool‐down after close‐space sublimation growth of cadmium telluride films has been shown to lead to the formation of a Cd‐rich surface that can block the subsequent in‐diffusion of cadmium chloride that is used in post‐growth doping of solar cell devices. Pre‐etching of the as‐grown surfaces using a nitric–phosphoric acid etch prior to doping leads to increase in chlorine and oxygen in‐diffusion, and an associated improvement in device efficiency from <3% to 12% in controlled trials. Capacitance‐voltage analysis of such devices revealed an increase in the acceptor concentration from 3.76 × 1013 cm−3 to 5.6 × 1014 cm−3, whereas thermal admittance spectroscopy revealed fewer deep states at energies >0.4 eV for etched devices. Impedance analysis showed the improved cadmium chloride treatment—resulting from the additional etching step—removed the grain boundary component from the equivalent circuit, indicating a grain boundary passivation effect. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.