bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scheimpflug analysis and OCT as new and rapid screening tools in the mouse
Authors: PUK O , FAVOR J , GRAW J 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The purpose of this study was the establishment of Scheimpflug imaging and Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the Vision Screen of the German Mouse Clinic (GMC).Methods Mouse eyes were analyzed by Scheimpflug imaging, OCT, Slit lamp biomicroscopy, Funduscopy, and Histology.Results The GMC is a large scale phenotyping center where mouse models for human diseases are analyzed in a standardized way. More than 550 parameters are investigated by mouse researches and clinicians from various fields. The screens in the GMC are designated to 14 different areas including behaviour, neurology, energy metabolism as well as vision and eye development. In our attempt to optimize the Vision Screen, we tested the suitability of Scheimpflug imaging and OCT for high‐throughput investigations of the mouse eye by evaluating data of the inbred lines C57BL/6J (B6) and C3HeB/FeJ (C3H). Both methods confirmed previous findings with well established Slit lamp biomicroscopy, Funduscopy, and Histology. Scheimpflug measurements with non‐anaesthetized 13‐week‐old mice indicated transparent lenses with comparable background densities for both B6 and C3H. Pupil dilating with atropine was necessary to optimize lens imaging. Concerning OCT results, B‐scan images of the C3H fundus proved pigment patches and vessel attenuations that are typical for this inbred line. Moreover, the underlying degeneration of retinal outer plexiform and nuclear layers was successfully visualized. Mouse handling was more time‐consuming compared to Scheimpflug imaging. In particular, mice had to be anaesthetized and mouse eyes required a contact lens.Conclusion Our data demonstrate that Scheimpflug imaging and OCT represent suitable tools for rapid screening of lens density and fundus morphology in the mouse.
Visual Phenotyping at the “Institut Clinique de la Souris”
Authors: ROUX M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Visual diseases come in many flavors, with a large variety of affected tissues (eye anterior segment, retina, optic nerve, cortex …), ages of onset, rate of progression and causal factors. In Western countries, if the majority of these diseases are now curable, millions of people are still affected by blindness or low vision, as many retinal diseases (age‐related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma…) still lack efficient treatments. In a facility devoted to mouse phenotyping as the Mouse Clinic Institute (MCI), it is thus of major importance to propose an efficient visual phenotyping platform, to pick up visual defects in screened mutants, to assess the beneficial effects of potential treatments or the eventual adverse effects of drugs targeting the CNS.Methods Mouse mutant lines from the Eumodic European project, as well as lines from specific academic projects, go through clinical observation (slit lamp, fundus imaging) in the context of a behavioral phenotyping pipeline, or are assessed in more details with angiography, optomotor response, electroretinography, retinal histology and/or immunohistochemistry.Results To illustrate the possibilities offered by the MCI visual phenotyping platform, we will present results obtained from recent projects, including comparison between C57BL/6J and 6N control mice.Conclusion In an environment allowing for an in‐depth phenotyping, from behavior to biochemistry, metabolism and cardiology, the MCI visual phenotyping platform provides a comprehensive set of tests to get the most out of genetically modified mice.
Incidence of Eyelid Cancers in Singapore‐ A 13‐year Review
Authors: LIM VSY , AMRITH S 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To determine the epidemiology of patients with eyelid malignancies in Singapore from 1996 to 2008Methods The Singapore Cancer Registry has been collecting epidemiologic data of all cancers seen in Singapore since 1968. The epidemiology of eyelid cancers diagnosed from 1968 to 1995 have previously been reported by Lee et al. The data of all eyelid cancers from 1996 to 2008 was retrieved for analysis. The age standardized incidence rates and age‐specific incidence rates were calculated and the results were compared to the previous studyResults There were a total of 160 male patients (48%) and 173 female patients (52%). The average annual age‐standardised incidence rate among male Singapore residents was 5.2 per 1,000,000 and 5.1 per 1,000,000 among female Singapore residents. Between 1996 to 1998, the average annual rate for females was 6.6 per 1,000,000, compared to 3.9 between 2005 to 2008. The most common cancer was basal cell carcinoma (82%), follwed by sebaceous adenocarcinoma (11%) and squamous cell carcinoma (4%)Conclusion The annual age‐ standardized incidence rates for male residents have remained relatively stable. The rates for female residents have showed a steady decline over the last 13 years. The rates for males are generally higher than for females. Basal cell carcinoma dominates the incidence trends. These expanded epidemiological characteristics serve to provide ophthalmologists and epidemiologists with a foundation to monitor future disease patterns in Singapore and provide a basis for comparison with other selected populations elsewhere
Treatment of an infantile hemangioma with propanolol
Authors: PEREZ GARCIA D , IBANEZ J , REMON L , RAMIRO P , PEIRO C , PINILLA I , CRISTOBAL JA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Angiomas are common vascular tumors in children. Only 10‐15% should be treated by any vital consequences, functional or aesthetic complications. Classically, oral corticosteroids were the preferred treatment for this type of injury. We present the results obtained after treatment of an eyelid angioma in an infant with oral propranolol.Methods Infant 6 months old, was referred to our clinic for purple injury which had gradually increased in size, in the right lower eyelid. Underwent imaging studies (MRI), which together with the clinical features led to the diagnosis of eyelid hemangioma without intraorbital extension, so it was decided to start treatment, under pediatric control with 2 mg / kg / day of oral propranolol suspension in two doses.Results Three months after starting treatment we found a partial regression of the lesion. Complete resolution occurred after 8 months. During this period there were no adverse reactions or complications to treatment with propanolol.Conclusion Treatment with oral propranolol is currently an effective and safe alternative in the management of infantile hemangiomas.
Treatment and visual outcome in orbital and palpebral hemangiomas of infancy
Authors: PINELLO L , MAZZAROLO M , DE CORTI F , LUZZATTO C 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To study the relationship between the location of orbital and palpebral(eyelid)hemangiomas and ocular problems in children and the interventions needed to prevent or reduce the severity of visual impairment.Methods This study included 12 cases (10 female and 1 male;age range:1 day to 5 months old at first evaluation;mean age 2,5 months)of eyelid and/or orbit hemangiomas gathered over a 6 year period (2005‐2011).Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)identified these lesions to be:palpebral in 2 cases, palpebral and orbital involvement in 9 cases.Pediatric and ophthalmological evaluation(orthoptic examination,visual acuity determination with Teller Acuity Cards,refractometry and fundus opthalmoscopy)were performed in all cases.Results The mean follow‐up was 36 months (range 11‐63 months) Treatments for infants and children with hemangiomas obstructing the visual axis included oral steroid administration(9 cases);in 1 case a surgical treatment was associated.4 cases developed amblyopia and 1 case strabismus.Treatment of early amblyopia through selective patching part‐time patch occlusion of the uninvolved eye and early prescription of astigmatism correction was performed.10 children achieved normal vision at last evaluation.Conclusion In our study 10 patients treated for visual impairment and available for long‐term follow‐up showed an excellent functional outcome with no residual amblyopia.In most cases,early intervention to address hemangioma‐related visual disturbances can lead to a good functional outcome. Intervention typically involves medical debulking of the hemangioma(using oral steroids)combined with the treatment of early amblyopia through selective patching and/or optical correction with refractive lenses.
Ghrelin expression in the rat’s eye
Authors: ROCHA DE SOUSA AA , PEREIRA‐SILVA P , AZEVEDO‐PINTO S , PINHO S 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ghrelin’s ocular tissue distribution in the adult rat’s eye and to confirm previously reported data, describing the identification of ghrelin’s mRNA in the iris posterior epithelium and in the ciliary body non pigmented epithelium.Methods Adult Wistar rats were sacrificed through an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital and both eyes were immediately enucleated and processed for cryostat sections and indirect immunofluorescence protocol. Slides were incubated with anti‐ghrelin, anti‐histone H3 (positive control) and with 2% NGS (negative control) at 4ºC for 48 hours and then with secondary antibody containing a fluorescent tag during 1 hour. After incubation slides were examined under a fluorescence microscope.Results We observed immunolocalization of ghrelin in the rat’s ciliary body epithelium. Its major label was in the inner part of that epithelium facing to the stroma of the ciliary processes. This peptide was not localized in the posterior segment, naamely in the retinal pigmented epithelium.Conclusion Ghrelin is locally produced in the eye, mainly in the ciliary processes. Based on these findings, we can conclude that this peptide may play a role as a local regulator of the aqueous humor dynamics and ciliary muscle kinetics.
Cystoid macular oedema in a phakic treated with bimatoprost for presumed normal tension glaucoma
Authors: COUTTS SJ , GHAZI‐NOURI S 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose We report a case of a patient with presumed normal tension glaucoma and cystoid macular oedema induced by treatment with bimatoprost. It has been reported that topical bimatoprost is not associated with structural or clinical macula changes in phakic eyes with glaucoma. In discordance our case is of CMO in a phakic patient treated with bimatoprost.Methods A 56 year old phakic lady with no previous medical history was started on bimatoprost to both eyes for presumed normal tension glaucoma. An epiretinal membrane was documented pre treatment in the right eye.Results 14 months after treatment the patient re‐presented with symptoms of distorted vision to the right eye. Fundoscopy showed right eye macular thickening and OCT scan confirmed CMO with a fine epiretinal membrane. The CMO was attributed to bimatoprost which was stopped. 10 months after stopping bimatoprost, OCT showed a flat retina.Conclusion Bimatoprost, like other topical prostaglandin therapies, can induce CMO. This disturbance is more common in pseudophakics, aphakics and uveitic patients and after rupture of the posterior capsule; all conditions where the blood ocular barrier has been more compromised than in phakic eyes. Similarly an epiretinal membrane may alter the blood retinal barrier and predispose to CMO. To our knowledge, this is the first case of CMO with bimatoprost in a phakic eye and is a caution for its use in patients with ocular co‐morbidity such as ERM.
Axitinib modulates hypoxia‐induced blood–retina barrier permeability and expression of growth factors
Authors: KERNT M , THIELE S , LIEGL RG , HARITOGLOU C , ULBIG MW , KAMPIK A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Hypoxia‐induced breakdown of the inner and outer blood–retina barrier and increased expression of growth factor are closely associated with the development and progression of diabetic macular edema. This study was performed to investigate the effects of the multikinase inhibitor axitinib on hypoxia‐induced increased tissue permeability, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF), and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) expression of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, the effects of axitinib on the expression of VEGF receptors 1/2 (VEGFR‐1/2) and PDGF receptor beta (PDGFR‐β) were explored.Methods Primary human RPE cells and HUVECs were treated with axitinib (0.5 µg/mL). Viability of cells and expression of VEGFR‐1/2 and PDGFR‐β, and their mRNAs, were investigated by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Cells were exposed to hypoxia. Viability, tissue permeability, expression, and secretion of VEGF and PDGF were determined by RT‐PCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.Results Treatment with axitinib reduced expression of VEGFR‐1/2 and PDGFR‐β. Hypoxia decreased cell viability and increased tissue permeability, expression, and secretion of VEGF and PDGF. Axitinib significantly reduced hypoxia‐induced overexpression and secretion of the growth factors and tissue permeability.Conclusion Our in vitro results suggest that axitinib may have promising properties as a potential treatment for diabetic macular edema.
Investigation of the liquid in‐ and outflow parameters of the human eye using a modified strategy of the mechanical loading test
Authors: MOISEEVA IN , LYUBIMOV GA , STEIN AA , IOMDINA EN , NAZARENKO LA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To obtain an additional information about the status of the inflow and outflow systems of the eye from ophthalmologic procedures based on static loading, with further application to diagnostics.Methods The standard method, based on static load application, for the estimation of parameters characterizing the aqueous humor dynamics was supplemented with an unloading test. After a four‐minute stationary mechanical loading by a Schiøtz tonometer, the load was removed and IOP was measured in a discrete regime for up to 20 min using the same tonometer. Clinical measurements were carried out on glaucoma (13) and non‐glaucoma (4) patients. The data obtained were processed using our mathematical model that represents the eyeball as an elastic water‐filled shell whose inner volume is regulated by dynamic balance between the liquid inflow and outflow and is assumed to be a function of IOP and the elastic and geometric characteristics of the system.Results The most important result is a strong difference between two characteristic times: the time that characterizes the rate of pressure fall under load and the time that characterizes the rate of pressure recovery after removing the load. The characteristic time is directly related with the outflow facility. The difference varies in different groups of patients. The results can be understood within the assumption of nonlinear IOP dependence of the outflow facility coefficient.Conclusion The modified mechanical loading test is a useful tool for investigating the biomechanical behavior of glaucoma and non‐glaucoma eyes. Our preliminary results give grounds to expect that the effect revealed may be applied to diagnostics.
Effects of benzalkonium chloride on antigen presenting cells in vitro
Authors: MICHEE S , ROSTENE W , BRIGNOLE‐BAUDOUIN F , BAUDOUIN C , LABBE A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To characterize the phenotype, function and cytokine production of antigen presenting cells (APC) when exposed to the most common preservatives in eye drops, benzalkonium chloride (BAK).Methods APC were obtained from a human leukemia cell line THP‐1. APC were exposed to 4 concentrations of BAK (10‐5%, 5.10‐5%, 10‐4% and 5.10‐4%) and PBS during 24 hours. Cellular toxicity was evaluated with an annexin V‐PE/7‐AAD double‐staining flow cytometry analysis. Phenotype modification was evaluated by flow cytometry through a panel of cluster of differentiation: CD11b, CD11c, CD33, CD45, CD54 and CD86. Phagocytosis function was analyzed using carboxylate‐modified fluorescent microspheres and quantified by flow cytometry. The cytokine production of APC exposed to BAK was measured in supernatants by a human cytokine array.Results BAK had almost no cellular toxicity at concentrations below 5.10‐5%. A dose‐dependent cellular toxicity of BAK was observed from 5.10‐5% to 5.10‐4%. At low concentrations, BAK modified the phenotype of APC with an increased expression of CD11b, CD11c, CD54 and CD86, and a decrease of CD33 and CD45. APC phagocytosis function was also increased when exposed to low concentration of BAK. Cytokines in supernatants of APC exposed to 10‐5% BAK during 24 hours revealed decreased levels of IL‐1β and CXCL10, and increased levels of CD40L, CXCL11, G‐CSF, S‐TREM‐1, IL‐17E, IL‐6, IL‐23, IL‐27 and IFN‐γ.Conclusion The interaction between APC and epithelial conjunctival cells are involved in iatrogenic ocular surface diseases. Low concentrations of BAK could have a stimulating effect on APC, modifying phenotype, function and cytokine production.
Electrophysiological assessment of fundus albipunctatus
Authors: PAWLOWSKI P , SUWALA M , BAKUNOWICZ‐LAZARCZYK A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Fundus Albipunctatus is a congenital, stationary retinal disease with rod system degeneration. The disorder is caused by mutation in the RDH5 gene. It is characterized by impaired night vision and numerous small white‐yellow retinal lesions. Flash ERG reveals severe rod function impairment after usual period of dark‐adaptation, which normalize after prolonged dark adaptation.Methods A case of a 12‐year‐old female presented with symptoms of poor night vision. The patient underwent the visual acuity, colour vision tests (D15), fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, automated static perimetry. The standard dark adapted electroretinogram (30min) and a prolonged dark adaptated ERG (120 min), photopic ERG and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) were performed.Results Visual acuity of both eyes was not decreased. In the peripheral visual field a concentric restriction was found. Scotopic ERG rod responses (0.009 and 0.017 cd x s /m2) were significantly reduced and a standard ERG response was borderline. Photopic ERG was normal. In the mfERG P1 densities were slightly reduced in the eccentric rings (R4‐R5).Conclusion The comparison of standard adapted scotopic ERG (30 min) and prolonged dark adapted Scotopic ERG (120 min) is the most useful clinical test in diagnosis and differentation of Fundus Albipunctatus. The mfERG can be helpful in detecting patients suffering from Fundus Albipunctatus with progressive cone dystrophy.
Prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors among schoolchildren In northeast of Iran
Authors: YEKTA AA , KHABAZKHOOB M , AZIZI E , OSTADI MOGHADDAM H , HERAVIAN J , AZIMI A , YEKTA R 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To determine the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors (UCREs) among schoolchildren In northeast of Iran.Methods In a cross sectional study using random cluster sampling, 2020 schoolchildren 6 to 1 years of age were selected. The participants totaled 1551 (response rate=76.7%), 643 boys and 908 girls of elementary and junior high school students from the schools of northeast of Iran. Refractive errors were measured under cycloplegia. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) of ‐ 0.5 dioptre (D) or worse, hyperopia as a SE of +2.0 D. or more, and astigmatism as cylinder equal to or worse than ‐0.75 D. UCRE was defined as a minimum of 2 lines improvement of visual acuity in the better seeing eye.Results The prevalence of UCRE was 6.2% ( 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5‐7.4%). UCRE was more in boys than girls (P= 0.068). UCRE was not related to age and parent’s education. Myopia and astigmatism were the most common UCREs respectively. Present and corrected visual acuity was not different in 83.3% of the students. Visual acuity of 3 or more and 4 and more lines increased in 2.5% and 0.8% of the subjects after correcting refractive errors respectively. In 21.1%, 9.5% and 3.2% of the students with old correction, visual acuity of 2 or more, 3 more, 4 or more lines increased after new correction respectively .Conclusion The results of this study indicated that the prevalence of UCREs in schoolchildren of Iran northeast were similar to the most places of the world . Vision screening and correction refractive errors can prevented from visual impairment in schoolchildren.
How does Bangerter filter affect the normal visual perception?
Authors: LI J , DING Z , DENG D , CHAN YLL , BENJAMIN T , CHEN X , HESS RF , YU M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The Bangerter filter (BF) has become an alternate form of amblyopia patching treatment due to its high social‐psychological compliance and effective therapeutic outcomes. This study aims to investigate the effects of different BF densities on the normal visual system in order to quantify filter densities based on vision perception variables.Methods Thirty‐two binocularly normal subjects participated in this study. Visual acuity (VA), vernier acuity (VNA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) under spatial frequencies (SF) of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 cyl/deg were measured while the dominant eye was patched with randomly selected BF of densities: 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2.Results Mean VA and VNA values under the four BF densities were a) 0.29, 0.30, 0.35, 0.54 logMAR and b) 3.24, 4.81, 5.29, 8.19 min of arc respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in VA change between BF 0.2 and rest of the density groups. BF 0.8 and 0.2 groups showed a significant VNA change compared to BF 0.6 and 0.4 (p<0.05). There were no significant effects noted in CS at SF of 0.5, 1 and 2 cyl/deg across low to high BF groups (p>0.05). BF 0.2 was the only density that had a significant influence on middle and high SF (5 and 10 cyl/deg) (p<0.05).Conclusion BF does not alter vision perception abilities in a predictable manner suggested by the manufacturer. Only the high BF density has shown a significant change. Careful attention must be paid on the inconsistencies in low and middle BF densities for the patching treatment.
Bromfenac – a new standard in NSAID efficacy
Authors: FINDL O 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNSAIDs are increasingly used in ophthalmology to reduce surgically induced miosis and inflammation, and in the prevention and therapy of cystoid macular edema (CME). For the treatment of postoperative inflammation following cataract surgery, bromfenac, a new NSAID, has been studied in several clinical trials in recent years. During our discourse, we will elaborate on the following: ‐ Bromfenac’s mechanism of action ‐ Recent clinical data of pivotal/other bromfenac trials ‐ Bromfenac’s safety, tolerability and use in combination with corticosteroids