bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root exudates and rhizosphere microbiota in responding to long-term continuous cropping of tobacco
Authors: Li Abo , Jin Keke , Zhang YuZhen , Deng Xiaopeng , Chen Yi , Wei Xiaomeng , Hu Binbin , Jiang Yonglei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoil sickness a severe problem in tobacco production, leading to soil-borne diseases and reduce in tobacco yield. This occurs as a result of the interaction between root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms, which is however, little studied until now. By combining the field investigation and pot experiment, we found the output yield consistently decreased during the first 10 years of continuous cropping in a tobacco field, but increased at the 15th year (15Y). The root exudate and rhizosphere bacterial community was further analyzed to reveal the underlying mechanism of the suppressive soil formation. Root exudate of 15Y tobacco enriched in amino acids and derivatives, while depleted in the typical autotoxins including phenolic acids and alkaloids. This was correlated to the low microbial diversity in 15Y, but also the changes in community composition and topological properties of the co-occurrence network. Especially, the reduced autotoxins were associated with low Actinobacteria abundance, low network complexity and high network modularity, which significantly correlated with the recovered output yield in 15Y. This study revealed the coevolution of rhizosphere microbiota and root exudate as the soil domesticated by continuous cropping of tobacco, and indicated a potential role of the autotoxins and theirs effect on the microbial community in the formation of suppressive soil.
Molecular modeling and simulation approaches to characterize potential molecular targets for burdock inulin to instigate protection against autoimmune diseases
Authors: Hashmi Huma Farooque , Xuan Xu , Chen Kaoshan , Zhang Pengying , Shahab Muhammad , Zheng Guojun , Younous Youssouf Ali , Salamatullah Ahmad Mohammad , Bourhia Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the current study, we utilized molecular modeling and simulation approaches to define putative potential molecular targets for Burdock Inulin, including inflammatory proteins such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1β. Molecular docking results revealed potential interactions and good binding affinity for these targets; however, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS were identified as the best targets for Inulin. Molecular simulation-based stability assessment demonstrated that inulin could primarily target iNOS and may also supplementarily target COX-2 and IL-1β during DSS-induced colitis to reduce the role of these inflammatory mechanisms. Furthermore, residual flexibility, hydrogen bonding, and structural packing were reported with uniform trajectories, showing no significant perturbation throughout the simulation. The protein motions within the simulation trajectories were clustered using principal component analysis (PCA). The IL-1β–Inulin complex, approximately 70% of the total motion was attributed to the first three eigenvectors, while the remaining motion was contributed by the remaining eigenvectors. In contrast, for the COX2–Inulin complex, 75% of the total motion was attributed to the eigenvectors. Furthermore, in the iNOS–Inulin complex, the first three eigenvectors contributed to 60% of the total motion. Furthermore, the iNOS–Inulin complex contributed 60% to the total motion through the first three eigenvectors. To explore thermodynamically favorable changes upon mutation, motion mode analysis was carried out. The Free Energy Landscape (FEL) results demonstrated that the IL-1β–Inulin achieved a single conformation with the lowest energy, while COX2–Inulin and iNOS–Inulin exhibited two lowest-energy conformations each. IL-1β–Inulin and COX2–Inulin displayed total binding free energies of − 27.76 kcal/mol and − 37.78 kcal/mol, respectively, while iNOS–Inulin demonstrated the best binding free energy results at − 45.89 kcal/mol. This indicates a stronger pharmacological potential of iNOS than the other two complexes. Thus, further experiments are needed to use inulin to target iNOS and reduce DSS-induced colitis and other autoimmune diseases.
Facile synthesis of anthranilic acid based dual functionalized novel hyper cross-linked polymer for promising CO2 capture and efficient Cr3+ adsorption
Authors: Abid Amin , Raza Saqlain , Qureshi Ahmad Kaleem , Ali Sajjad , Areej Isham , Nazeer Shahid , Tan Bien , Al-onazi Wedad A. , Rizwan Muhammad , Iqbal Rashid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA novel hyper cross-linked polymer of 2-Aminobenzoic acid (HCP-AA) is synthesized for the adsorption of Cr3+ and CO2. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of HCP-AA is 615 m2 g−1. HCP-AA of particle size 0.5 nm showed maximum adsorption of Cr3+ for lab prepared wastewater (93%) while it was 88% for real industrial wastewater. It is might be due to electrostatic interactions, cation-π interactions, lone pair interactions and cation exchange at pH 7; contact time of 8 min; adsorbent dose 0.8 g. The adsorption capacity was calculated 52.63 mg g−1 for chromium metal ions at optimum conditions. Freundlich isotherm studies R2 = 0.9273 value is the best fit and follows pseudo second order kinetic model (R2 = 0.979). The adsorption is found non-spontaneous and exothermic through thermodynamic calculations like Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) were 6.58 kJ mol−1, − 60.91 kJ mol−1 and − 45.79 kJ mol−1 K−1, respectively. The CO2 adsorption capacity of HCP-AA is 1.39 mmol/g with quantity of 31.1 cm3/g (6.1 wt%) at 273Kwhile at 298 K adsorption capacity is 1.12 mmol/g with quantity 25.2 cm3/g (5 wt%). Overall, study suggests that carboxyl (–COOH) and amino (–NH2) groups may be actively enhancing the adsorption capacity of HCP-AA for Cr3+ and CO2.
Evaluation of CSF 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and erythrocyte anisocytosis as prognostic biomarkers for delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Wiśniewski Karol , Zaczkowski Karol , Szmyd Bartosz M. , Popęda Marta , Bieńkowski Michał , Posmyk Bartłomiej , Bobeff Ernest J. , Jaskólski Dariusz J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDelayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a serious, life-threatening, complication affecting patients who have survived the initial bleeding from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Due to the challenging diagnosis, potential DCI prognostic markers should be of value in clinical practice. According to recent reports isoprostanes and red blood cell distribution (RDW) showed to be promising in this respect. We conducted a prospective study of 27 aSAH patients and control group (n = 8). All patients from the study group were treated within the first day of the initial bleeding. We collected data regarding clinical status and results of biochemical, and radiological examinations. We measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (F2-IsoP) and RDW on days 1, 3, and 5. Both CSF F2-IsoP level and RDW-SD measured on day 1 were significant predictors of DCI. The receiver operating characteristics curve for DCI prediction based on the multivariate model yielded an area under the curve of 0.924 (95% CI 0.824–1.000, p < 0.001). In our study, the model based on the combination of RDW and the level of isoprostanes in CSF on the first day after the initial bleeding showed a prognostic value for DCI prediction. Further studies are required to validate this observation.
Screening practices and risk assessment for maculopathy in pentosan polysulfate users across different exposure levels
Authors: Kwon Hyeon Yoon , Kim Jiyeong , Ahn Seong Joon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this population-based cohort study, we investigated screening practices for maculopathy and incidences of specific macular/retinal conditions in pentosan polysulfate (PPS) users and assessed the relationship between these outcomes and drug exposure levels. Using a health claims database that covers approximately 50 million Koreans, we identified 138,593 individuals who were prescribed PPS between 2010 and 2021. For the 133,762 PPS users who initiated therapy between 2012 and 2021, the cumulative PPS dose for each participant was evaluated, and based on their cumulative PPS dose, patients were categorized into the high-risk (≥ 500 g), low-risk (50–500 g), and minimal exposure (< 50 g) groups. We analyzed the performance and methods of these examination methods used between 2018 and 2021 and compared them among cumulative dose groups to determine whether high-risk users underwent maculopathy screening more frequently or appropriately. We assessed the cumulative incidence of overall macular degeneration and maculopathy excluding common macular diseases following PPS therapy initiation. Most PPS users (99.7%) received a cumulative PPS dose < 500 g and the high- and low-risk groups comprised 445 (0.3%) and 22,185 (16.6%) patients, respectively. During the study period, monitoring examinations were conducted in 52.6% and 49.4% of high- and low-risk patients, respectively, revealing no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.156). No significant differences were observed in the annual percentages of patients receiving ophthalmic examinations between the high- and low-risk groups (all P > 0.05). The cumulative incidences of overall macular degeneration and maculopathy excluding common macular diseases in high-risk users were 19.3% and 9.0%, respectively, which were significantly different from those of low-risk users (both P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed significantly higher risks of maculopathy excluding common macular diseases in the low- (Hazard ratio [HR] of 1.55 [95% CI 1.13–2.12]) and high-risk groups (HR of 1.66 [95% CI 1.22–2.27]) compared to the minimal exposure group. Our findings suggest a need for increased emphasis on PPS maculopathy screening in high-risk patients, highlighting raising awareness regarding exposure-dependent risks and the establishment of screening guidelines.
Microhardness, Surface Roughness, and Wear Resistance Enhancement of Reinforced Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement Using Fluorinated Graphene Oxide Nanosheets
Authors: Aboelwafa Mona R. , Shaheen Sarah D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives Conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been considered the most prevalent restorative material however; the reduced mechanical qualities and decreased wear resistance have been the main challenges facing their wide clinical application. This study was designed to assess the mechanical properties of fluorinated graphene (FG) oxide-modified conventional GIC.
Materials and Methods Composites of FG/GIC samples were prepared using (Medifil from PROMEDICA, Germany, shade A3) at different concentrations (0wt%) control group and (1wt%, 2wt% and 3wt% FG) groups using cylindrical molds (3mm × 6mm). FG was prepared using hydrothermal technique and characterized using XPERT-PRO Powder Diffractometer system for X-ray diffraction analysis and JEOL JEM-2100 high resolution transmission electron microscope. Vickers' hardness and wear resistance of GI samples were measured. Mechanical abrasion was performed via three-body tooth brushing wear test using ROBOTA chewing simulator coupled with a thermocycling protocol (Model ACH-09075DC-T, AD-Tech Technology Co., Ltd., Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany).
Statistical Analysis Comparisons between groups with respect to normally distributed numeric variables were performed using one-way analysis of variance test followed by posthoc test. While paired t-test was utilized for comparing data within the same group.
Results: The surface roughness values of GICs (1wt% FG) and (2wt% FG) composites were significantly lower than those of the control and 3wt%FG groups. Vickers' hardness numbers were significantly higher in FG/GICs composites than in the control group (p≤0.05).
Conclusion GIC/FG combinations have sufficient strength to resist the occlusion stresses with improved hardness as compared with conventional GIC. GIC/FG appeared to be a promising restorative material.
Identification of Population-Specific Novel Protein Biomarkers and Possible Therapeutic Targets in Gliomas by Proteomics Approach
Authors: Kumar S. Devanand Senthil , Periyasamy Anbazhagan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective To analyze the differential proteomic profile of gliomas in patients from South India and to identify novel protein glioma biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets to tailor the treatment to individual patients.
Material and Methods We have prospectively analyzed the differential proteomic profile of 34 patients with glioma imaging characteristics and compared them with that of normal brain tissue. This research was conducted at the Institute of Neurosurgery, Madras Medical College, in technical collaboration with the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, over 1 year.
Statistical Analysis Biological variate analysis (I-ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)) was used, with p-value less than 0.05 being significant.
Results Twenty proteins (10 upregulated and 10 downregulated) were differentially expressed in tumor tissue. The expression of three pro-apoptotic proteins was downregulated and the expression of three anti-apoptotic proteins was upregulated with statistical significance. The cellular functions of the 20 differentially regulated proteins were subjected to pathway analysis revealing significant alterations in heme biosynthesis, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling, and epidermal growth factor (EGF0 receptor signaling in glioma.
Conclusion KRT18, PRS4, and EF1A2 are anti-apoptotic proteins and are significantly upregulated in gliomas. EARS2, COX5A, and LSM3 are pro-apoptotic proteins, and are significantly downregulated in gliomas. This subverts the apoptotic pathways resulting in prolonged cell survival. This study's statistically significant dysregulation of these six proteins was unique, suggesting that they might be considered population-specific biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets for patients from South India. Abnormalities of heme biosynthesis at the proteomic level were identified in this study, which has not been very well studied previously.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Kirov Hristo , Fischer Johannes , Caldonazo Tulio , Tasoudis Panagiotis , Runkel Angelique , Soletti Giovanni Jr. , Cancelli Gianmarco , Dell'Aquila Michele , Mukharyamov Murat , Doenst Torsten 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives Mechanisms of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) differ as CABG provides surgical collateralization and may prolong life by preventing future myocardial infarctions (MIs). However, evidence for CABG in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) has not been fully elucidated and the impact of PCI is discussed controversially.
Methods We performed a meta-analysis of studies comparing outcomes in patients with/without multivessel disease undergoing CABG or PCI for CTO. The primary outcome was long-term all-cause mortality (≥5 years). Secondary outcomes were MIs, repeat revascularization, cardiac mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, and stroke, as well as short-term mortality (30 days/in-hospital) and stroke. A pooled Kaplan–Meier survival curve after reconstruction analysis was generated. Random-effects models were used.
Results Six studies totaling 12,504 patients were included. In the pooled Kaplan–Meier analysis, PCI showed a significantly higher risk of death in the follow-up compared with CABG (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.88–2.38, p < 0.01). During the observation period, PCI was also associated with higher rates of MI (odds ratio [OR]: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.82–4.48, p < 0.01) and more repeat revascularization (OR: 4.88, 95% CI: 1.99–11.91, p = 0.0005). The other outcomes did not show significant differences.
Conclusion CABG is associated with superior survival to PCI over time in patients with CTO who are eligible for both PCI and CABG. This survival advantage is associated with fewer events of MI and repeat revascularization.
Arguing across spaces in an online epistemic community
Authors: Baker Michael J. , Détienne Françoise 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Wikipedia is the most consulted source of information on the web, on a global level. The collective writing of
articles, open to the participation of all, can give rise to major conflicts between contributors, in texts and debates, given the
high stakes involved in achieving agreement on a public presentation of controversial topics. We present analyses of how
disagreements are managed across socio-technical and dialogical spaces in French Wikipedia, with respect to two case studies, on
Freud and the Turin Shroud. We adopt a mixed methods approach, combining results of analyses of interviews with moderators in
these articles and argumentative discussions underlying them, within a broadly pragma-dialectical framework. We show, on one hand,
that moderators’ attempts to resolve disagreements by requiring participants to cite sources simply displace conflicts to the
nature of those sources, their validity, their authors and the good faith of their proponents. Debates concerning sources
themselves draw on social actors’ perspectives in dialogical spaces, beyond the discussion itself. Disagreements are managed
rather than resolved dialectically by displacing them to alternative socio-technical spaces, such as different sections of the
text itself, or participants’ personal pages.
Optical third-harmonic generation of spherical quantum dots under inversely quadratic Hellmann plus inversely quadratic potential
Authors: Wang Xing , Li Xuechao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The third-harmonic generation (THG) coefficient for a spherical quantum dot system with inversely quadratic Hellmann plus inversely quadratic potential is investigated theoretically, considering the regulation of quantum size, confinement potential depth and the external environment. The numerical simulation results indicate that the THG coefficient can reach the order of 10−12 m2 V–2, which strongly relies on the tunable factor, with its resonant peak experiencing a redshift or blueshift. Interestingly, the effect of temperature on the THG coefficient in terms of peak location and size is consistent with the quantum dot radius but contrasts with the hydrostatic pressure. Thus, it is crucial to focus on the influence of internal and external parameters on nonlinear optical effects, and to implement the theory in practical experiments and the manufacture of optoelectronic devices.
Deep-subwavelength single grooves prepared by femtosecond laser direct writing on Si
Authors: Ye 叶 Rui-Xi 瑞熙 , Huang 黄 Min 敏 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
It is well known that femtosecond laser pulses can easily spontaneously induce deep-subwavelength periodic surface structures on transparent dielectrics but not on non-transparent semiconductors. Nevertheless, in this study, we demonstrate that using high-numerical-aperture 800 nm femtosecond laser direct writing with controlled pulse energy and scanning speed in the near-damage-threshold regime, polarization-dependent deep-subwavelength single grooves with linewidths of ∼ 180 nm can be controllably prepared on Si. Generally, the single-groove linewidth increases slightly with increase in the pulse energy and decrease in the scanning speed, whereas the single-groove depth significantly increases from ∼ 300 nm to ∼ 600 nm with decrease in the scanning speed, or even to over 1 μm with multi-processing, indicating the characteristics of transverse clamping and longitudinal growth of such deep-subwavelength single grooves. Energy dispersive spectroscopy composition analysis of the near-groove region confirms that single-groove formation tends to be an ultrafast, non-thermal ablation process, and the oxidized deposits near the grooves are easy to clean up. Furthermore, the results, showing both the strong dependence of groove orientation on laser polarization and the occurrence of double-groove structures due to the interference of pre-formed orthogonal grooves, indicate that the extraordinary field enhancement of strong polarization sensitivity in the deep-subwavelength groove plays an important role in single-groove growth with high stability and collimation.
Dielectric anisotropy in liquid crystal mixtures with nematic and smectic phases
Authors: Tang 汤 Xing-Zhou 星舟 , Ye 叶 Jia-Yao 家耀 , Wang 王 Zi-Ye 子烨 , Jiang 姜 Hao-Yi 皓译 , Shang 尚 Xiao-Hu 小虎 , Yang 杨 Zhao-Yan 朝雁 , Li 李 Bing-Xiang 炳祥 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The modulation of dielectric anisotropy (Δε) is pivotal for elucidating molecular interactions and directing the alignment of liquid crystals. In this study, we combine liquid crystals with opposing dielectric anisotropies to explore the impact of varying concentrations on their properties. We report the sign-reversal of Δε in both the nematic and smectic A phases of these mixed liquid crystals, alongside a dual-frequency behaviour across a broad temperature spectrum. Our research further quantifies the influence of mixture ratios under various temperatures and electric field frequencies. This exploration may pave the way for the discovery of new physical phenomena.
Quantifying the Impact of Single-Event Upsets on Neural Networks with Uncertainty Analysis
Authors: Yan Jingjing , Gao Zhenbin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Convolutional neural networks have gradually penetrated into various fields of social life, in addition to aerospace devices, neural network chips are also indispensable for target recognition and detection, etc. Due to the complex environment in space, neural network chips are extremely easy to be damaged by cosmic rays, so it is urgent to evaluate and enhance the robustness of neural network chips. However, most of the existing researches are monolithic error injection of neural networks and do not build relevant models for quantitative analysis. The goal of this paper is to analyse the effects of single-event upsets (SEUs) induced by the penetration of SRAM storage areas in a quantized neural network chip by energetic particles from space. Firstly, a SEU probability model as well as an uncertainty assessment model are established, and the effect of SEU on the reliability of CNNs is evaluated by fault injection with the upset rate of four chip types. The results of the error injection experiments show that the Virtex-5 type of rollover rate decreases the average accuracy of VGG-16 by 20%, while the other three types of error injection have an impact of about 11% on the accuracy of the neural network. Quantitative experimental results confirm the hypothesis that SEU increases the uncertainty of neural networks. The quantification of these effects contributes to the study of reinforcement of neural network chips.
A Lightweight Semi-supervised Eye Semantic Segmentation Method Based on Iterative Learning
Authors: Qi Ruochen , Zhang Guanghui , Zhu Dongchen , Shi Wenjun , Zhang Xiaolin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEye semantic segmentation has a significant role in promoting biometric recognition. Most works improve the accuracy through designing complicated feature learning modules that usually require a high computation cost and are prone to over-fit. In this work, we propose a lightweight eye semantic segmentation method based on iterative learning, which only requires a small amount of labeled eye image data under visible light conditions. To be specific, we first propose a pseudo-label filtering strategy for eye semantic segmentation, which leverages a semi-supervised incremental learning technique to solve the problem of label scarcity. Besides, an attention-guided lightweight high-representation module is designed to boost precision while ensuring efficiency. Experiments on the Ubiris dataset show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance, with a mIoU of 86.18%.