bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients' perception of the usefulness of a question prompt sheet for advanced cancer patients when deciding the initial treatment: a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Shirai Yuki , Fujimori Maiko , Ogawa Asao , Yamada Yu , Nishiwaki Yutaka , Ohtsu Atsushi , Uchitomi Yosuke 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the patients' perception of the usefulness of a question prompt sheet (QPS) in facilitating the involvement of advanced cancer patients during consultation.Methods: Advanced cancer patients attending their first consultation after diagnosis were randomly assigned to the intervention group (received QPS and a hospital introduction sheet (HIS)) or the control group (received HIS only). Analysis was conducted on an intention‐to‐treat basis. The primary outcome measure was patient rating of the usefulness of the material(s) (numerical rating scale of 0–10).Results: Sixty‐three advanced cancer patients (72.4% response rate) were enrolled and analyzed. Nearly three‐quarters of patients in both groups read the material(s) before consultation. The rated usefulness of the material(s) for asking questions of physicians was significantly higher in the intervention group than in controls (4.4 ± 3.6 and 2.7 ± 2.8, respectively; p = 0.033). The mean score of the usefulness of the material(s) for understanding the treatment plan tended to be higher in the intervention group than in the controls (4.9 ± 3.6 and 3.3 ± 2.8; p = 0.051). The mean score of willingness to use the material(s) in the future was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the controls (5.3 ± 3.8 and 2.8 ± 2.8; p = 0.006). There were no significant differences between the groups in the average total number of questions asked by patients (median, 1.0; interquartile range in both groups, 2.0).Conclusions: QPS provided before oncology consultation may be useful for advanced cancer patients, on the other hand, it did not directly promote patient confidence to ask questions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The experience of caregivers of hematological cancer patients undergoing a hematopoietic stem cell transplant: a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Beattie Sara , Lebel Sophie 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a demanding procedure with associated physical and psychological sequelae that affects patients and their families. Caregivers to HSCT patients not only have to cope with the life‐threatening nature of the disease and treatment, but they also have care‐giving responsibilities. This study reviews the literature on the psychosocial impact of being a caregiver to a HSCT patient.Methods: A critical review of the literature published before June 2010 was conducted. Databases searched included CINAHL, Medline, PsycInfo, and Academic Search Complete, as well as a comprehensive reference review. Studies that pertained to caregivers of children (under the age of 18) undergoing a HSCT or caregivers to patients with non‐hematological malignancies were excluded. Sixteen quantitative research articles and three qualitative research articles were reviewed and analyzed.Results: Caregiver distress is highest pre‐transplant and decreases over time, and caregivers display distress levels comparable to or higher than patients' reported distress levels. Predictors of caregiver distress include female gender, elevated subjective burden, and higher patient symptom distress. Caregivers reported uncertainty, fear of the future, juggling patients' needs with their own, and difficulties adapting to role changes; however, they also reported positive aspects to care giving, such as personal growth and developing a more positive relationship with the patient.Conclusions: There are many limitations to the current research and future directions should include both members of the dyad to evaluate the reciprocal relation between caregiver and patient variables, as well as theory‐driven research and research with direct clinical applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immigrant to Canada, newcomer to childhood cancer: a qualitative study of challenges faced by immigrant parents
Authors: Klassen Anne F. , Gulati Sonia , Watt Lisa , Banerjee Ananya T. , Sung Lillian , Klaassen Robert J. , Dix David , Poureslami Iraj M. , Shaw Nicola 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground: Given the increasing numbers of immigrant families in Canada, it is imperative that healthcare providers (HCPs) understand the caregiving experiences of immigrant family caregivers. Our study aimed to explore any special challenges faced by immigrant parents of children with cancer and to identify supportive factors.Methods: A constructivist grounded theory approach was used. Participants included 50 first generation Chinese and South Asian parents of children with cancer who were at least six months post‐diagnosis. Recruitment took place at six Canadian pediatric oncology centres. Interviews were conducted in English, Cantonese, Mandarin, Urdu, Punjabi or Hindi. Analysis involved coding and the use of the constant comparison method. Interviewing continued until no new themes emerged.Results: While immigrant parents described many challenges faced by any parent of a child with cancer, the context of being an immigrant made certain experiences particularly challenging. Parents described challenges in the following areas: managing caregiving demand and financial strain, accessing support from others, and interfacing with the healthcare system. Parents described receiving a range of practical, emotional, social and informational support from extended family, their workplace, other cancer families, community organizations and HCPs.Conclusions: Our study addresses an important gap in the research literature by providing practical insight into the experiences of immigrant family caregivers. Our findings may help to inform the development of pediatric oncology policies and programs in ways that respond to the unique needs and challenges of culturally and linguistically diverse families. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amplitudes and ultraviolet behavior of N = 8 supergravity
Authors: Bern Z. , Carrasco J.J. , Dixon L.J. , Johansson H. , Roiban R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this contribution we describe computational tools that permit the evaluation of multi‐loop scattering amplitudes in 𝒩 = 8 supergravity, in terms of amplitudes in 𝒩 = 4 super‐Yang‐Mills theory. We also discuss the remarkable ultraviolet behavior of 𝒩 = 8 supergravity, which follows from these amplitudes, and is as good as that of 𝒩 = 4 super‐Yang‐Mills theory through at least four loops.
The change of PSA doubling time and its association with disease progression in patients with biochemically relapsed prostate cancer treated with intermittent androgen Deprivation
Authors: Keizman Daniel , Huang Peng , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Sinibaldi Victoria , Carducci Michael A. , Denmeade Samuel , Kim Jenny J. , Walczak Janet , Eisenberger Mario A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe sought to determine the change of PSA doubling time (PSADT) and its association with disease progression during intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) therapy for prostate cancer.METHODSData were retrospectively analyzed in 96 patients with biochemically relapsed prostate cancer (BRPC) treated with IAD since 1995. IAD consisted of LHRH‐agonists ± antiandrogen given usually at PSA threshold (ng/ml) of 10–20, for 6–9 months. Cycles were repeated until the development of castration resistance. Mixed effects model was used to study PSADT change over cycles. Multivariate cox regression model was used to identify outcome‐associated variables.RESULTSPatients received a mean of 2.8 treatment cycles over a mean follow‐up time of 71 months. Fifty‐seven (59%) remain on treatment and 39 (41%) developed PSA refractoriness (n = 8) or positive scans (n = 31). First off treatment interval PSADT (median 2.3 months) was significantly shorter than the baseline (median 7.34) but remained stable in subsequent cycles. Off treatment interval PSADT adjusted for testosterone recovery (median 3.7) was significantly longer than that based on all PSA determinations (median 2). Factors associated with disease progression were pre‐treatment PSADT (≥6 vs. <6), first off treatment interval PSADT (≥3 vs. <3), and PSA nadir during the first treatment interval (<0.1 vs. ≥0.1).CONCLUSIONSDuring IAD for BRPC, PSADT becomes shorter, and is associated with testosterone recovery. PSADT before treatment and during the first off treatment interval is associated with disease progression. If prospectively validated these data may guide treatment with IAD and clinical trial design. Prostate 71:1608–1615, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PC3 is a cell line characteristic of prostatic small cell carcinoma
Authors: Tai Sheng , Sun Yin , Squires Jill M. , Zhang Hong , Oh William K. , Liang Chao‐Zhao , Huang Jiaoti 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe majority of the prostatic cancers are adenocarcinomas characterized by glandular formation and the expression of luminal differentiation markers androgen receptor (AR) and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). Most adenocarcinomas are indolent and androgen‐dependent. Hormonal therapy that inhibits AR signaling produces symptomatic relief in patients with advanced and metastatic adenocarcinomas. Prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) is a variant form of prostate cancer (PC). In contrast to adenocarcinoma, the tumor cells of SCNC do not form glands and are negative for AR and PSA. SCNC is extremely aggressive and does not respond to hormonal therapy. The purpose of this study was to compare the important and relevant features of two most commonly used PC cell lines, LNCaP and PC3, with prostatic adenocarcinoma and SCNC.METHODSXenograft tumors of LNCaP and PC3 were prepared and compared with human prostatic adenocarcinoma and SCNC for the expression of key signaling molecules by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.RESULTSLNCaP cells express AR and PSA and their growth is inhibited by androgen withdrawal, similar to human prostatic adenocarcinoma. PC3 cells do not express AR and PSA and their proliferation is independent of androgen, similar to SCNC. Adenocarcinoma cells and LNCaP cells are negative for neuroendocrine markers and stem cell‐associated marker CD44 while SCNC and PC3 cells are positive. LNCaP cells have identical cytokeratin profiles to adenocarcinoma while PC3 cells have cytokeratin profiles similar to SCNC.CONCLUSIONLNCaP cells share common features with adenocarcinoma while PC3 cells are characteristic of SCNC. Prostate 71:1668–1679, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free‐energy function for discriminating the native fold of a protein from misfolded decoys
Authors: Yasuda Satoshi , Yoshidome Takashi , Harano Yuichi , Roth Roland , Oshima Hiraku , Oda Koji , Sugita Yuji , Ikeguchi Mitsunori , Kinoshita Masahiro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this study, free‐energy function (FEF) for discriminating the native fold of a protein from misfolded decoys was investigated. It is a physics‐based function using an all‐atom model, which comprises the hydration entropy (HE) and the total dehydration penalty (TDP). The HE is calculated using a hybrid of a statistical–mechanical theory applied to a molecular model for water and the morphometric approach. The energetic component is suitably taken into account in a simple manner as the TDP. On the basis of the results from a careful test of the FEF, which have been performed for 118 proteins in representative decoy sets, we show that its performance is distinctly superior to that of any other function. The FEF varies largely from model to model for the candidate models for the native structure (NS) obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, but we can find models or a model for which the FEF becomes lower than for any of the decoy structures. A decoy set is not suited to the test of a free‐energy or potential function in cases where a protein isolated from a protein complex is considered and the structure in the complex is used as the model NS of the isolated protein without any change or where portions of the terminus sides of a protein are removed and the percentage of the secondary structures lost due to the removal is significantly high. As these findings are made possible, we can assume that our FEF precisely captures the features of the true NS. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quaternion‐based definition of protein secondary structure straightness and its relationship to Ramachandran angles
Authors: Hanson Robert M. , Kohler Daniel , Braun Steven G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe describe here definitions of “local helical axis” and “straightness” that are developed using a simple quaternion‐based analysis of protein structure without resort to least‐squares fitting. As part of this analysis, it is shown how quaternion differences can be visualized to depict accurately the local helical axis relating any two adjacent amino acid residues in standard, nonidealized proteins. Three different options for the definition of amino acid residue orientation in terms of quaternion frames are described. Two of these, the “Cα frame” and the “P frame,” are shown to be correlated strongly with a simple approximate measure derived solely from Ramachandran angles. The relationship between quaternion‐based straightness and recognized DSSP‐derived secondary structure motifs is discussed. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Climate change: a crop protection challenge for the twenty‐first century
Authors: Gustafson David I 
Published: March 2011

AbstractConvincing data now show that temperatures are increasing, and that changing precipitation patterns are already affecting agriculture. Predicted future impacts vary by region, but all are projected to suffer productivity declines by the late twenty‐first century unless successful mitigation measures are implemented soon. Exacerbating the climate change challenge, doubling of overall crop productivity will be required by mid‐century. Clearly, crop protection will become increasingly difficult as higher‐yielding varieties present a larger and more tempting target to all pests, and the pests themselves extend their ranges poleward and into other new geographies owing to reduced winter kill and longer growing seasons. Fortunately, good progress on enhancing crop protection technology to meet these challenges is already being made, but the scope of this climatic provocation is such that complacency is not an option. Increased investment into new technologies and adoption of new agricultural practices with improved adaptive and mitigation potential are both essential. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Pyrethroid resistance in the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, is associated with mutation of the para‐type sodium channel
Authors: Nyoni Benjamin N , Gorman Kevin , Mzilahowa Themba , Williamson Martin S , Navajas Maria , Field Linda M , Bass Chris 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Baker and Pritchard), is a serious pest of solanaceous crops in many African countries. In this study an investigation has been conducted to establish whether mutation of the para‐type sodium channel underlies pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi strains collected in Southern Malawi.RESULTS: Two T. evansi strains from Malawi showed tolerance to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and resistance (20–40‐fold) to the pyrethroid bifenthrin, but were susceptible to two contemporary acaricides (abamectin and fenpyroximate) in insecticide bioassays. Cloning of a 3.1 kb fragment (domains IIS5 to IVS5) of the T. evansi para gene from pyrethroid‐resistant and pyrethroid‐susceptible strains revealed a single non‐synonymous mutation in the resistant strains that results in an amino acid substitution (M918T) within the domain II region of the channel. Although novel to mites, this mutation confers high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in several insect species where it has always been associated with another mutation (L1014F). This is the first report of the M918T mutation in the absence of L1014F in any arthropod species. Diagnostic tools were developed that allow sensitive detection of this mutation in individual mites.CONCLUSION: This is the first study of pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi and provides contemporary information for resistance management of this pest in Southern Malawi. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Migration, Risk, and Uncertainty: Theoretical Perspectives
Authors: Williams Allan M. , Baláž Vladimir 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTRisk shapes, and is shaped by, migration: although widely acknowledged, this is unevenly, and mostly only implicitly, theorised and analysed. Starting from the distinction between risk and uncertainty, the paper contrasts the different approaches of economics and sociology to theorising risk, in terms of scale, social constructionism, and being informed by risk as opposed to being at risk. It reviews the extent to which six theoretical approaches have been, and could be, applied to migration, risk, and uncertainty: human capital, risk tolerance, new economics of migration, risk and culture, risk society, and governmentality. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanometer‐scale cathodoluminescence analysis of GaAs and its application to the assessment of laser diode
Authors: Hosokawa Teppei , Fujimura Shinya , Yabuuchi Yasufumi , Tsukamoto Yoshiaki , Porporati Alessandro Alan , Zhu Wenliang , Pezzotti Giuseppe 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe studied steep gradients of both chemical composition and residual stress in a Si‐doped GaAs blocking layer of a laser diode by means of spectrally and spatially resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy. Using a low‐energy electron beam as an excitation source for the CL emission, a spatial resolution in the sub‐micron scale could be achieved. The knowledge of local doping concentration, local stress state, and their distribution on the nanometer scale is crucial in diode design since lasing characteristics and near‐field width. Emphasis was placed in making quantitative the CL spectroscopic assessments in GaAs by means of a set of preliminary calibrations, regarding both probe size and material composition. These procedures enabled extracting from the CL spectra and quantitatively mapping values of both carrier concentration and residual stress in the diode device. The visualization of those parameters into highly spatially resolved maps (i.e., recorded with nanometer‐scale resolution) required the implementation of a spectroscopic algorithm that was purposely built up in this study and preliminarily validated according to the shown sets of calibration procedures.
An np‐control chart for inspection errors and repeated classifications
Authors: Ho Linda Lee , Quinino Roberto da Costa , Trindade Anderson Laécio Galindo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe np‐control chart has been used to monitor the conforming fraction in process production, and it is assumed that no classification errors occur during the inspection process. Increases in the sample size and/or the number of repeated classifications of the inspected items can reduce the impact of the classification errors. In this paper, an np‐control chart is proposed, and the monitored statistics are based on the results of independent repeated classifications with classification errors during the inspection process. The aim of the proposed control chart is to have the same performance as a control chart without classification errors. Numerical examples illustrate the proposal. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the origin of conformational and tautomeric preferences inN‐formylformamide – A quantum chemical study
Authors: Nowroozi A. , Mohammadzadeh Jahani P. , Asli N. , Hajiabadi H. , Dahmardeh S. , Raissi H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractQuantum chemical study ofN‐formylformamide (NFF) was carried out at various theoretical levels and the determinate equilibrium conformations were recomputed at the high level ab initio methods such as G2MP2, G2, G3, and complete basis set (CBS)‐QB3. The computational results reveal that the amide resonance and intramolecular hydrogen bonding are two superior factors in determining the most stable conformation of diamide (DA) and amide–imidic (AI) acid tautomers, respectively. The evaluation of hydrogen bond energies predicts that the hydrogen bond (HB( strength of NFF is weaker than the malonaldehyde (MA). But the results of atoms in molecules (AIM(, natural bond orbital (NBO), and geometrical parameters are given a different order, EHB(NFF) > EHB(MA). Although the bond average energies of tautomerization process emphasized on more stability of AI tautomer, but our theoretical calculations reveal that the DA conformers are more stable than the AI ones. The population analyses of equilibrium conformations by NBO method also predict that the origin of tautomeric preference is mainly because of the electron delocalization of amide functional group, especially LP(N)→ π*COcharge transfer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
A comparative study of the dimers of selected hydroxybenzenes
Authors: Kabanda Mwadham M. , Mammino Liliana 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHydroxybenzenes are the parent compounds of large classes of derivatives, many of which exhibit biological activities. This work presents the results of a comparative study of the dimers of selected hydroxybenzenes, considering all the possible mutual geometrical arrangements of the two monomers and comparing their relative stabilities and interaction energies. The OH···OH hydrogen bond between the two monomers is the dominant stabilizing factor, with frequent preference for mutual perpendicularity of the two aromatic rings. CH···O unconventional H‐bonds, OH···π unconventional H‐bonds, H···π interactions and π··π interactions also may play significant roles. The factors stabilizing individual hydroxybenzenes (presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds; number, positioning and orientation of the OH groups; symmetry features) have greater influence on the dimers' relative energy than on the interaction energy between monomers. While results from different calculations methods (HF, MP2, and DFT/B3LYP) show consistency for all the features just‐mentioned, they show some relevant differences in the way they take into account different types of interactions between monomers, resulting in some differences in the geometry arrangements of the monomers in the lowest energy dimers and in differences in the relative preferences among higher‐energy dimer geometries. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Combined experimental and computational modeling studies on 3,5‐dimethyl‐pyrazole‐1‐carbodithioic acid benzyl ester
Authors: Shi Zhiqiang , Ji Ningning , Zhao Rengao , Li Zhifeng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe title compound, 3,5‐Dimethyl‐pyrazole‐1‐carbodithioic acid benzyl ester, has been synthesized and structurally characterized by X‐ray single crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectra, and UV‐Vis spectrum. The crystal belongs to orthorhombic, space group P212121, with a = 5.3829(15), b = 11.193(3), c = 21.824(6) Å, V = 1315.0(6) Å3, and Z = 4. The molecules are connected via intermolecular C–H···N hydrogen bonds into 1D infinite chains. The crystal structure is consolidated by the intramolecular C–H···S hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the structure, stabilities, orbital energies, composition characteristics of some frontier molecular orbitals and Mulliken charge distributions of the title compound were performed by means of Gaussian 03W package and taking B3LYP/6‐31G(d) basis set. The time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations have been employed to calculate the electronic spectrum of the title compound, and the UV‐Vis spectra has been discussed on this basis. The results show that DFT method at B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level can well reproduce the structure of the title compound. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012