bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrieval based Emotionally responsive chatbot Utilizing emotions clustering and XAI Techniques.
Authors: Ashen  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chatbots are becoming increasingly prevalent in our daily lives, handling a variety of tasks from booking flights to checking the balance of a bank account. However, these interactions are often limited to transactional nature, lacking the depth and nuance of natural human conversations. Therefore, while chatbots are becoming more sophisticated, they still have a significant way to go in terms of authentic human-like interaction. Enhancing chatbots' ability to interact with humans and making them more user-friendly is a crucial challenge in contemporary conversational technology. One promising approach is to imbue these chatbots with the ability to express and understand emotions. Hence, the focus is on developing empathetic dialogue systems that effectively model empathy, ultimately making chatbots more human-like in their interactions with users. In this project, A retrieval-based approach is adopted to mitigate the limitations encountered in generative-based models, particularly concerning logical coherence and response appropriateness. Unlike generative models, retrieval-based approaches offer a more pragmatic solution that demands fewer computational resources. Through the integration of deep learning techniques, transparency in decision-making processes is ensured by eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), providing users with insights into the chatbot's reasoning. Furthermore, clustering techniques are leveraged to generalize various emotion types, allowing the chatbot to cater to a broader spectrum of emotional inputs effectively.
A novel and comprehensive approach for understanding the social impacts of flooding: assessing social flood vulnerability and social flood risk in Denmark
Authors: Prall Mia Cassidy , Brandt Urs Steiner , Halvorsen Nick Schack , Hansen Morten Uldal , Dahlberg Niklas , Andersen Kaija Jumppanen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Flood risk assessment approaches have traditionally been dominated by measures of economic damage. However, the importance of understanding the intangible social impacts of flooding are increasingly being acknowledged. Social vulnerability indices have been constructed in diverse geographical contexts to understand differential susceptibility of different social groups to flood hazards. However, integrated assessments of social vulnerability, exposure, and hazard information are lacking. Here, we construct a national social vulnerability index (SVI) for Denmark and combine this with direct and indirect social exposure data and coastal flood hazard data to construct a national social flood risk index (SFRI). Results show the spatial distribution of social flood vulnerability and social flood risk in Denmark. Our work introduces a comprehensive flood risk modelling approach that explicitly considers the social impacts of flooding in all model components. Such an approach can facilitate a shift towards the implementation of more holistic and inclusive flood risk management and climate change adaptation planning approaches that are usable within the context of existing risk management frameworks such as the EU Floods Directive. We hope that introducing a comprehensive, socially-specific approach to flood risk assessment can help to mainstream social wellbeing, resilience, and justice as central considerations in decision making on flood risk management.
Die Haftung von Frontex für Grundrechtsverletzungen
Authors: Berger Melanie , Progin-Theuerkauf Sarah 
Published: April 2024

Frontex steht wegen einer möglichen Beteiligung an Grundrechtsverletzungen an den EU-Aussengrenzen seit langem in der Kritik. Diese Frage wurde auch in der Schweiz 2022 im Rahmen der Volksabstimmung über einen Ausbau des Mandats von Frontex diskutiert. Bei der Verordnung 2019/1896 handelte es sich bereits um die vierte Erweiterung des Mandats von Frontex seit 2004. Die Pflicht von Frontex zur Beachtung der Grundrechte wurde seither immer stärker in den an-wendbaren Rechtsakten verankert. Kürzlich musste sich das Europäische Gericht (EuG) erstmals mit einer Schadenersatzklage gegen Frontex wegen Grundrechtsverletzungen befassen. Das wäre die Gelegenheit gewesen, die Verantwortlichkeit der Agentur für Menschenrechtsverletzungen näher zu beleuchten. Dies ist jedoch nicht geschehen; stattdessen begnügte sich das Gericht mit einer sehr banalen Rechtsprüfung, im Rahmen derer es eine direkte Kausalität zwischen dem Handeln von Frontex und dem Schaden der Kläger verneinte.
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L'agence Frontex est depuis longtemps critiquée pour son implication potentielle dans des violations des droits fondamentaux aux frontières extérieures de l'UE. Cette question a notamment été débattue en Suisse en 2022 dans le cadre de la votation populaire sur l'extension du mandat de Frontex. Le règlement 2019/1896 était déjà la quatrième extension dudit mandat depuis 2004. L'obligation de Frontex de respecter les droits fondamentaux a depuis été progressivement ancrée dans les actes juridiques pertinents. Récemment, la Cour de justice de l'Union européenne (CJUE) a dû traiter pour la première fois une demande de dommages et intérêts contre Frontex pour violation des droits fondamentaux. Cela aurait pu être l'occasion d'examiner plus en avant la responsabilité de l'agence pour de telles violations. Au lieu de cela, le tribunal s'est contenté d'un examen juridique sommaire, dans lequel il a nié l'existence d'un lien de causalité entre les actions de Frontex et les préjudices subis par les plaignants.
Christ for the Bitterness, His Cross for the Pain: Berteologi Kontekstual melalui Lagu God of the Poor pada Situasi Mangandung dalam Budaya Batak Toba
Authors: Simanjuntak Josephine Nauli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractContextual Theology is the result of thinking about the existence of God in life so that it can explain faith that is intertwined in various contexts. Citing Bevans’ thoughts on Contextual Theology, which presents a countercultural model, this paper aims to provide space so anyone can realize God’s presence in various life contexts. This paper will introduce Batak Toba culture through the Mangandung tradition, interpret the song “God of the Poor,” and theologize the Mangandung tradition through the meaning of the translation of the song “God of the Poor.” In the future, this paper can provide new meanings about Mangandung, open newhorizons about traditions that process popular songs about God, and present critical thinking to understand God’s presence. By collaborating with a song, “God of the Poor,” and the cultural tradition of Mangandung, God is found in one of the processes of human life: suffering.
Abstrak Teologi Kontekstual merupakan hasil olah pemikiran akan eksistensi Tuhan di kehidupan sehingga dapat menjelaskan iman yang berkait kelindan dalam berbagai konteks. Mengutip pemikiran Bevans mengenai Teologi Kontekstual yang menyajikan model budaya tandingan, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan ruang agar siapapun dapat menyadari kehadiran Tuhan pada berbagai konteks kehidupan. Tulisan ini akan memperkenalkan kebudayaan Batak Toba melalui tradisi Mangandung, memaknai lagu God of the Poor, dan berteologi pada tradisi Mangandung melalui pemaknaan terjemahan lagu God of the Poor. Kelak tulisan ini dapat memberikan makna baru mengenai Mangandung, membuka cakrawala baru mengenai tradisi yang berproses bersama lagu populer mengenai Tuhan, serta menyajikan suatu pemikiran kritis untuk memahamikehadiran Tuhan. Dengan menggandeng lagu God of the Poor dan tradisi budaya Mangandung, Tuhan ditemukan dalam salah satu proses kehidupan manusia: penderitaan.
Investigating the projected changes in water balance components under climate change considering the effect of storage structures
Authors: Nandi Saswata , Reddy Manne Janga 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was the critical challenge of accurately predicting water balance components in the Upper Bhima River basin, which is also facing significant challenges due to climate change. A major challenge faced in water balance studies is inadequacy of existing hydrological models to account for the effects of storage structures. The study utilized the variable infiltration capacity–routing application for parallel computation of discharge hydrological model with a newly developed storage structure scheme to simulate water balance components for historical (1999–2010) and future (2019–2040) periods, with future climate forcing from 19 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 GCMs under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The performance of the model was evaluated against observed streamflow data and around 30% improvement is noticed for the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency score. The results signify the adverse impacts of climate change in the region, particularly a significant decrease in monsoon precipitation which may intensify drought scenarios and affect monsoon-driven agriculture. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the high sensitivity of baseflow in the Upper Bhima River to climate alterations, indicating potential threats to biodiversity and river ecosystem health. This research offers indispensable findings crucial for future strategies concerning hydropower, flood management, and water resource management in the region.
Probabilistic projections of temperature and rainfall for climate risk assessment in Vietnam
Authors: Tran-Anh Quan , Ngo-Duc Thanh 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

In this study, we developed a probabilistic model using the surrogate mixed model ensemble (SMME) method to project temperature and rainfall in Vietnam under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The SMME model combines patterns from 31 global climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and their weighted model surrogates. Testing for the period of 2006–2018 demonstrated the SMME's ability to encompass observed temperature and rainfall changes. By the end of the 21st century, there is a 5% probability of average temperature increase exceeding 6.29 °C, and a 95% probability of minimum temperature increasing by more than 2.21 °C during 2080–2099 under RCP8.5 compared to 1986–2005. Meanwhile, rainfall is projected to slightly increase, with an average rise of 6.12% at the 5% probability level. The study also quantified the contributions of uncertainty sources – unforced, forced, and scenario-related – to the projection results, revealing that unforced uncertainty dominates the total signal at the beginning of the 21st century and gradually decreases, while forced uncertainty remains relatively moderate but increases gradually over time. As we approach the end of the century, scenario uncertainty dominates, accounting for 75–80% of the total signal.
Relationship between monthly surface water derived from Sentinel-2 imagery and meteorological data (precipitation and evaporation) at Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Mahdi Zahraa S. , Tawfeek Yasmin Q. , Al-Jiboori Monim H. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out using two main monthly datasets: satellite images and some meteorological parameters (like precipitation and evaporation) for 2 years (2018 and 2021). Using the fine spatial resolution images acquired from Sentinel-2, digital maps of surface water areas were produced by calculating the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index for all months in QGIS and then classifying them into two main categories (water and non-water bodies). The results show that the largest areas were in January 2021 (77.2 km2) and 40.7 km2 in November 2018, while the lowest (18.7 km2) were in June 2021 and July 2018. Monthly mean values of cumulative precipitation and evaporation were used to find their relationships with surface water areas. The results show that the year 2021 was a severe dry year, whereas the lowest precipitation (25 mm) in that year was associated with higher evaporation losses (3,021.8 mm) during this year. When combined with surface water areas and meteorological parameters, a non-linear relationship between water areas and evaporation was found for both years, and a linear relationship between precipitation and water areas for the wet year of 2018.
The Effect of Personality Traits of Healthcare Worker Candidates on their
Attitudes Towards the Elderly
Authors: Demirel Yüksel , Çağatay Hüseyin Tolga , Başaran Esin , Özdemir Eler Çiğdem , Turgay Gülay , Gülşen Mustafa 
Published: April 2024

Background::
It is known that attitudes towards the elderly are an important variable affecting healthcare services. Considering the increasing trends of the
population over 65 years in countries, it is important to determine the attitudes of future healthcare workers towards the elderly and to prepare them
to serve in the health sector with activities that will lead to positive changes. In this direction, it is important to determine the effect of personality
traits of prospective healthcare workers on their attitudes toward the elderly

Methods::
The research was conducted using the “relational survey model”. The study was conducted with 581 prospective healthcare workers. Personal
Information Form, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and Kogan's Scale of Attitudes towards the Elderly were used as data collection tools. Data
were obtained and analyzed using the online data collection method.

Results::
According to the results of the study, it was found that the attitudes of students who were healthcare candidates for older adults were generally
positive ( = 63.46±13.42). While there was a positive yet moderate and statistically significant correlation between attitudes towards the elderly
and scores on the Extraversion subscale (r= 0.634, p<0.01) and a negative yet moderate and statistically significant correlation with scores on the
Neuroticism (r= -0.568, p<0.01) and Psychoticism (r= -0.602, p<0.01) subscales. The personality traits extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism
explained 58.6% of the attitude towards the elderly. According to the regression results, extraversion (β= 0.358; p<0.001) positively affected
attitudes towards the elderly, whereas neuroticism (β= -0.310; p<0.001) and psychoticism (β= -0.307; p<0.001) negatively affected attitudes
towards the elderly.

Conclusions::
Given the important role of healthcare professionals in improving the care and quality of life of the elderly, it is necessary to develop strategies to
improve the attitudes of future healthcare professionals towards the elderly. Consideration of personality traits in determining these strategies may
contribute to the development of effective and personalized approaches.
Quantum Dots in Cancer Theranostics: A Thorough Review of Recent Advancements in Bioimaging, Tracking, and Therapy across Various Cancer
Types
Authors: Matini Amir , Naghib Seyed Morteza , Mozafari M. R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Quantum dots (QDs) have attracted considerable interest due to their potential applications
and economic viability in various industrial sectors, such as communications, displays,
and solar cells. This fascination originates from the quantum size effect-induced remarkable
optical properties exhibited by QDs. In recent years, significant progress has been made in producing
QDs devoid of cadmium, known to be toxic to cells and living organisms. These QDs
have generated considerable interest in bioimaging due to their potential for targeting molecules
and cells. There is a developing need for diagnostics and therapy at the individual molecule and
single-cell level in the medical field. As a result, the application of QDs in the medical industry
is gaining momentum. This study provides an overview of the most recent developments in applying
QDs for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, also known as theranostics. It emphasizes
specifically the use of QDs in cancer therapy.
Procalcitonin and qSOFA as a Marker of Mortality in Sepsis.
Authors: Parrey Ashaq Hussain , Koka Manzoor , Kassana Basharat , Ismail Mohd 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated
host response to infection. The qSOFA and procalcitonin are currently used for both diagnostic as
well as prognostic purposes.

Objective:
To explore the combined use of day one procalcitonin level and qSOFA scores for prognostication
of sepsis-related mortality

Design:
This was a prospective observational study.

Participants:
All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for sepsis with an age of more than
16 years were enrolled in the study

Results:
In this study of 211 patients, 15 patients died (7.1%) during hospital stay. Among the 15
patients who died, the highest mortality of 29.4% was seen in patients with qSOFA of “3”, qSOFA
of “2” had a mortality of 12.8%, qSOFA of “1” had a mortality of 1% and qSOFA of “0” had
zero mortality. In this study, procalcitonin had a statistically significant positive correlation/association
with both qSOFA and mortality.

Conclusion:
The qSOFA and procalcitonin at presentation to the emergency department in septic
patients have a significant correlation with mortality in patients hospitalized with sepsis. Obtaining
these two parameters at presentation will help in managing aggressively these patients who at
presentation have higher qSOFA and procalcitonin levels.
Progress of Angiogenesis Signal Pathway and Antiangiogenic Drugs in
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Yunzhi , Hu Yi , Yang Chengsheng , Huang Shipu , Wen Jianping , Huang Weiguo , Xiao Shengjun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract::
Nasopharyngeal cancer is a rare cancer with unique ethnic and geographic distribution. Since nasopharyngeal cancer often originates from the
pharyngeal crypt, early symptoms are not obvious. They are difficult to detect in time, and the disease is usually diagnosed and treated only when it
has progressed to an advanced-stage. Since angiogenesis is essential for the growth and invasion of solid tumors, antiangiogenic therapy has
become a common treatment strategy for many solid tumors, and it has also achieved remarkable results in the treatment of nasopharyngeal
carcinoma, which is prone to recurrence and distant metastasis. In this paper, we review the latest research progress of antiangiogenic drugs for
nasopharyngeal carcinoma and their antiangiogenic mechanism of action and further propose some promising antiangiogenic therapeutic targets.
Pioglitazone Nanoparticles Development, Characterization, Optimization, and a Zebrafish Model Evaluation of its Teratogenic Safety
Authors: Saha Plaban , Sarkar Subhajit , Ghosh Rakesh , Chakraborty Mainak , Mukherjee Swarupananda , Karati Dipanjan 
Published: April 2024

Background:
New nanoparticles (NPs) and biomaterials are utilized more frequently in
biological research for vaccinations, diagnostic procedures, and drug administration. Nanomaterials
are materials with d50 value from 1 to 100nm. They are also found in various consumer goods, the
environment, and work. Thus, it has become crucial for the appropriate development of nanotechnology
to assess the safety and potential therapeutic applications of these nanomaterials. The BCS
Cass II medication pioglitazone hydrochloride, used to treat hypoglycaemia, has poor bioavailability
after oral treatment because it dissolves poorly in gastrointestinal fluids.

background:
New nanoparticles and biomaterials are utilized more frequently in biological research for vaccinations, diagnostic procedures, and drug administration. They are also found in various consumer goods, the environment, and work. Thus, it has become crucial for the appropriate development of nanotechnology to assess the safety and potential therapeutic applications of these nanomaterials. The BCS Cass II medication pioglitazone hydrochloride, used to treat hypoglycaemia, has poor bioavailability after oral treatment because it dissolves poorly in gastrointestinal fluids.

Objective:
This study aimed to create adjusted pioglitazone nanoparticles to decrease dose-related
side effects and prolong its release when used against type 2 diabetes.

objective:
This study aimed to create adjusted pioglitazone nanoparticles to decrease dose-related side effects and prolong its release when used against type 2 diabetes

Methods:
The emulsion solvent evaporation approach was used to create nanoparticles utilising
HPMC K15M and Eudragit S100 as polymers, and Tween 80 as a surfactant. On framed nanoparticles,
in-vitro evaluation approaches for drug-polymer compatibility, percentage yield, particle size,
zeta potential, polydispersity index, surface morphology, encapsulation effectiveness, and in-vitro
drug release study were used, followed by in-vivo acute toxicity experiment.

Conclusion:
From the obtained data, it can be said that a suitable optimized formulation of pioglitazone
nanoparticles was prepared, which offered extended drug release of 95% in 10 hours.
Synthesis of Ag and AgCl Nanoparticles using Klasea latifolia and Klassa leptoclada Extracts and Assessment of the Antimicrobial Properties of the Synthesized Nanoparticles and Antioxidant Properties of the Extracts
Authors: Abedi Akram , Firoznia Ali , Izanloo Cobra 
Published: April 2024

Background:
In green synthesis, metal ions are transformed into nanoparticles through
a simple reaction, without the need for surfactants, specific conditions, and other stabilizing
agents.

Methods:
This study performed the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of
Klasea latifolia and Klasea leptoclada.

Results:
Nanoparticles were characterized using the SEM, XRD, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and
EDS methods. The antibacterial properties of the extracts and synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated
against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli using the agar disk-diffusion
and well-diffusion. The antioxidants of the herbs were investigated using the DPPH and
FRAP methods, and the IC50 of the extracts was determined as well. The results showed that, although
no chlorinated compounds were added to the reaction medium, in addition to silver nanoparticles,
silver chloride nanoparticles were also synthesized. The synthesized nanoparticles were
spherical (size: 27-38 nm) and had uniform size distribution. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles
and extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity.

Conclusion:
Many plants have been used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, but the advantage
of using the extract of K.latifolia and K. leptoclada was that in addition to synthesizing silver
nanoparticles, silver chloride nanoparticles were also synthesized.