bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NOETHERIAN SPECTRUM ON RINGS AND MODULES
Authors: RUSH DAVID E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIt is shown that the well-known characterizations of when a commutative ringRhas Noetherian spectrum carry over to characterizations of when the set Spec(M) of prime submodules of a finitely generated moduleMis Noetherian. The symmetric algebraSR(M) ofMis used to show that the Noetherian property of Spec(R), and some related properties, pass from the ringRto the finitely generatedR-modules.
ISOPERIMETRIC INEQUALITIES FOR Lp GEOMINIMAL SURFACE AREA
Authors: ZHU BAOCHENG , LI NI , ZHOU JIAZU 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we establish a number of Lp-affine isoperimetric inequalities for Lp-geominimal surface area. In particular, we obtain a Blaschke–Santaló type inequality and a cyclic inequality between different Lp-geominimal surface areas of a convex body.
The New Arab Cold War: rediscovering the Arab dimension of Middle East regional politics
Authors: VALBJØRN MORTEN , BANK ANDRÉ 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article provides a conceptual lens for and a thick interpretation of the emergent regional constellation in the Middle East in the first decade of the 21st century. It starts out by challenging two prevalent claims about regional politics in the context of the 2006 Lebanon and 2008–09 Gaza Wars: Firstly, that regional politics is marked by a fundamental break from the ‘old Middle East’ and secondly, that it has become ‘post-Arab’ in the sense that Arab politics has ceased being distinctly Arab. Against this background, the article develops the understanding of a New Arab Cold War which accentuates the still important, but widely neglected Arab dimension in regional politics. By rediscovering the Arab Cold War of the 1950–60s and by drawing attention to the transformation of Arab nationalism and the importance of new trans-Arab media, the New Arab Cold War perspective aims at supplementing rather that supplanting the prominent moderate-radical, sectarian and Realist-Westphalian narratives. By highlighting dimensions of both continuity and change it does moreover provide some critical nuances to the frequent claims about the ‘newness’ of the ‘New Middle East’. In addition to this more Middle East-specific contribution, the article carries lessons for a number of more general debates in International Relations theory concerning the importance of (Arab-Islamist) non-state actors and competing identities in regional politics as well as the interplay between different forms of sovereignty.
Deforestation and CO2 emissions in coastal Tanzania from 1990 to 2007
Authors: GODOY FABIANO L. , TABOR KARYN , BURGESS NEIL D. , MBILINYI BONIFACE P. , KASHAIGILI JAPHET J. , STEININGER MARC K. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYConversion of forest to other land uses is a major contributor to climate change. The coastal forests of Tanzania have increasingly been recognized as being of global biodiversity importance, due to high rates of species endemism. Rates of forest loss are similar to those of other tropical regions, resulting in increasing levels of threat for the biological values within the remaining forest and potentially significant source of CO2 emissions. This study estimated the remaining cover and carbon stock of Tanzania's coastal forests and the CO2 emissions due to forest loss between c. 1990 and c. 2007. Coastal Tanzania contained over 273 700 ha of forest in 2007. Deforestation rates in the area have slowed from 1.0% yr−1, or > 3735 ha yr−1 during the 1990s, to 0.4% yr−1, or > 1233 ha yr−1 during 2000–2007. Despite lower deforestation rates in 2000–2007, the percentage forest lost from within reserved areas has remained steady at 0.2% yr−1 for both time periods. CO2 emissions from deforestation slowed from at least 0.63 Mt CO2 yr−1 in 1990–2000 to at least 0.20 Mt CO2 yr−1 in 2000–2007. Regional forest clearance in Tanzania is highly dynamic; while rates have slowed since 2000, forest habitat conversion has continued and there is no guarantee that future rates will remain low. A rigorous policy on reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) should be implemented to avoid future increases in deforestation rates.
THE CRIOLLO CATTLE PROJECT OF SANTA CRUZ, BOLIVIA
Authors: Wilkins J.V. , Rojas F. , Martinez L. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYPlans to improve the milk production ability of the Criollo in Bolivia are outlined. The background problems are stated, and experiments to improve by crossbreeding are described. The Criollo improvement project which makes use of the purebred Criollo was planned in two stages. The first was the attempt to measure the performance of Criollo cows purchased from commercial herds, and milked without their calves. The second stage was the comparison of performance with the results of the crossbred trial. The intentions and plans to progeny test the Criollo bulls are summarized and the hopes of producing bulls for sale and use on temperate breeds of cow are described. The problems encountered in the project are stated, and the results are viewed in the context of work with Criollo in other countries.
THE NATIVE PIG OF SRI LANKA
Authors: Rajamahendran R. , Ravindran V. , Goonewardene L.A. , Sahaayaruban P. , Rajaguru A.S.B. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe origin and breed characteristics of the native pig of Sri Lanka are reported. The breed suffers from many disadvantages including inter alia small litter size, heavy preweaning mortality and poor growth rate. Nevertheless, it will remain a valuable genetic resource and a source of meat, providing additional income to the household economies in the western coastal belt of Sri Lanka.
THE CONSERVATION OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES IN GREAT BRITAIN
Authors: Alderson Lawrence 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYResources available for animal genetic conservation should be used judiciously. Thus breeds qualifying for conservation should not only be numerically endangered but also possess genetic merit. In determining genetic merit, future changes in market requirements or production systems should be considered. There is an urgent need for an evaluation of the present commercial value of rare breeds in breeding programmes. Support for rare breed preservation in Great Britain is implemented through conservation programmes, evaluation studies and education at different levels.
SAVING THE TUROPOLJE PIG IN CROATLA
Authors: Grunenfelder H.-P. , Gugic G. , Punz F. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYOn the front lines of Croatia's war areas live the Turopolje pigs, in danger of extinction. Immediate action is sorely needed. The new European Foundation SAVE (Safeguard for Agricultural Varieties in Europe), an umbrella organization for the in-situ conservation of agricultural genetic resources, has started an international rescue project. The remaining pigs are listed and will be regrouped for a mating program, which avoids inbreeding. For an additional insurance, SAVE will also bring new breeding groups away from the front lines in, and outside of, Croatia. A breeding register has been set up provisionally at the herdbook office for endangered breeds with Pro Specie Rara in St. Gallen, Switzerland.
PRESERVATION OF LIVESTOCK GENETIC RESOURCES IN BULGARIA
Authors: Dimitrov Ts. , Dimitrova l. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe objective of this study is to present the local livestock breeds threatened with extinction as well to suggest an alternative initiative for their preservation and utilization. Both the geographical location and natural resources of Bulgaria are prerequisites for a large variety among species and strains of farm animals. Traditionally a considerable number of local breeds and strains have been bred on the territory of the country. In the recent 25–30 years an evident decline of their numbers is marked chiefly due to the introduction of high-productive, widespread breeds. This study presents the biological features of local indigenous breeds of farm animals threatened with extinction as well as the specificity of their region of location. The genetic research results based on polymorphism of serum blood proteins and blood groups are discussed. The diversity of indigenous sheep breeds is the largest, and 15 of them are under control. In latter years investigations show that they are 1.3 to 3.6 per cent from the total number of this species. The genetic analyses attest that these specific genetic resources can be used for keeping the genetic variety within and between sheep populations as well as for improving the adaptability of the newlyestablished breeds. Among the cattle two local breeds are of interest for genetic resources preservation purposes. As the most attractive emerges, Rhodope's Short-Horned cattle having unique biological characteristics as a representative ofBos Taunisin Europe and whose domain of location is over 1800 meters above sea level. The only impressive strain among the pig breeds has a different biological status from the well-known breeds on the European continent. The results of the present study show that the investigated indigenous breeds and strains are mainly located in mountainous regions considered as“hard”for farming. Thus, the preservation of genetic resources of local farm animals will contribute in using their valuable abilities of adaptation for breeding programmes in ecologically clear regions.
THE STATE OF POULTRY GENETIC RESOURCES IN RUSSIA
Authors: Moiseyeva Irina G. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a review of past and present effort for the maintenance and improvement of breeds of chicken. This involves what is done on large state farms, in research institutes and by fancy breeders. The present sate of this genetic resources is illustrated by a long table listing all the breeds with the available information.
THE CRIOLLO SHEEP IN PERU
Authors: Burfening Peter J. , C Juan Chavez 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThere are approximately ffteen million sheep in Peru, with more than 50% of this population being located in peasant communities and considered to be Criollo. Sheep were introduced by the Spanish, producing an almost complete displacement of the native camelid population. These animals were the foundation of the Criollo sheep presently found in the peasant communities of the Peruvian Andes. The Criollo sheep has a typically pear-shaped body, with a relatively small head, most often with horns. Productive characteristics among the Criollo sheep in the sierra are highly variable and depend mainly on the locations where they were raised. Criollo sheep andtheir crosses with improved breeds show a higher survival rate than crosses among the improved breeds of sheepin Peru. This indicates that although not as productive in conventional terms (weaning weight or fleece production) the criollo are well adapted to their environment.
WHITE FULANI CATTLE OF WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA
Authors: Tawah C. L. , Rege J. E. O. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe paper reviews information on the White Fulani cattle under the headings: origin, classification, distribution, population statistics, ecological settings, utility, husbandry practices, physical characteristics, special genetic characteristics, adaptive attributes and performance characteristics. It was concluded that the breed is economically important for several local communities in many West and Central African countries. The population of the breed is substantial. However, introgression from exotic cattle breeds as well as interbreeding with local breeds represent the major threat to the breed. The review identified a lack of programmes to develop the breed as being inimical to its long-term existence.
GUDALI CATTLE OF WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA
Authors: Tawah C. L. , Rege J. E. O. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe objective of this paper was to compile the available information in the conventional and non-conventional literature on the origin, distribution, ecological settings, utility, husbandry practices and production systems of the Gudali, a West and Central African shorthorned zebu which is similar in conformation, size and origin to the East African shorthorned zebu. These animals are reputed not only for their beef and dairy qualities. but also for their hardiness to the harsh northerly environments. Under the prevailing circumstances in the pastoral systems, natural selection is the primary force affecting any genetic change and, as a result, animals tend to perform relatively poorly. Most of the documented studies have been limited in scope and applicability. Therefore, further studies are needed to adequately characterize these animals under their different production systems.
THE VECHUR CATTLE OF KERALA
Authors: Type Sosamma 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYVechur cattle, once popular in southern Kerala (India) is on the verge of extinction. By extensive search the few remaining animals could be traced. They are being conserved by Kerala Agricultural University. Cows are extremely sma.ll in size, i.e. weighing around 125 kg with a height of not more than 90 cm They are capable of producing 2–3 kg fat milk per day. Heat tolerance, disease resistance and general adaptability are added qualities. Age at first calving is three years and the intercalving period 14 months. As a part of characterization of these animals, cytogenetic, biochemical, immunogenetic studies as well as blood typing, milk composition and fat globule studies have been taken up.
CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF BEEF CATTLE GENETIC RESOURCES IN JAPAN
Authors: Obata Taro , Satoh Masahiro , Takeda Hisato 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThere are four cattle beef breeds in Japan: Japanese Black, Japanese Brawn, Japanese Poll and Japanese Shorthorn. These breeds were crossed with European breeds in the early 1900's. As a result of introducing European blood, Japanese beef cattle have an expanded and more diverse gene pool. Furthermore, both the breed used for crossing and the selection criteria employed varied significantly from prefecture to prefecture Consequently, a number of distinct strains have been established. At present, however, the genetic diversity is becoming increasingly concentrated around a limited number of strains noted for their superior meat quality. From the genetic conservation view point, it is necessary to stock minor strains by frozen semen and embryos for future domands of genetic resources. This paper discusses the conservation and current utilization of beef cattle genetic resources in Japan.
SIRI: THE CATTLE OF EASTERN HIMALAYAS
Authors: Tantia M. S. , Vij P. K. , Vijh RK. , Kumar P. , Joshi B. K. , Nivsarkar A. E. , Sahai R 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYA pilot survey was conducted in the western d.istrict of Sikkim to monitor the status of the Siri cattle breed. Data was recorded on certain morphological characters, management practices and performance of Siri animals. Measurements were recorded of body length, heart girth, body height, paunch girth, hip width, pin width, face length, face width, ear length and horns on 89 animals of age groups up to 1 year,1 to 3 years and adult. It was noted that pure Siri animals were reared only in the remote inaccessible areas. Extensive crossbreeding with Jersey semen/bulls is progressively eroding the purity of the breed. Measures to conserve the Siri cattle breed in its native ecology have been advocated.
CABALLO GALLEGO DE MONTE (PONEY GALLEGO)
Authors: Sánchez García I. , Iglesias A. , Fernández A. , Viana J. L. 
Published: August 2011

RESUMENSe describe el origen, antecedentes históricos y situación censal del poney gallego, así como los sistemas de explotación en libertad. Se realiza una descripción de sus características etnológicas, parámetros biométricos y estructura genética, además de las características productivas y planes de conservación.
Characterisation of the Siri breed and the Mithun cross Siri in Bhutan
Authors: Phanchung  , Roden J. A. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe authors describe the evolution, morphological characteristics, body weights, body measurements and production performance of three indigenous cattle breeds in Bhutan, namely the Siri, Mithun cross Siri (Jatsha for male and Jatsham for female) and first backcross hybrids (Yangka for male and Yangkum for female). The data was collected through a sample survey which was conducted in Lobesa block of Thimphu district in April/May 1995 near the Natural Resources Training Institute (NRTI). Observations were recorded from 44 Siri (22 bulls and 22 cows), 10 Mithun cross Siri (5 Jatshas and 5 Jatshams) and 8 first backcross hybrids (5 Yangkas and 3 Yangkums). The aim of this breed description is to assist in developing the future conservation strategies of the indigenous breeds in Bhutan.
Morena Gallega cattle breeds with limited numbers: origin, productive characteristics and conservation programmes
Authors: Sánchez García L. , Iglesias A. , Fernández A. , Viana J. L. , Vallejo M. 
Published: August 2011

ResumenEn los últimos años las poblaciones autóctonas de bovinos gallegos han disminuido hasta alcanzar una situacion de vulnerabilidad, que va de un estado crítico de menos de 100 hembras de raza con una variabilidad genética muy reducida, y un estado de peligro con 100 a 1 000 hembras de raza que no bastan para la supervivencia. Al objeto de prevenir una eventual extinción, se estableció un Programa Operativo para el mantenimiento de un banco de germoplasma (semen y embriones) y de animales in situ (explotaciones y reservas naturales) con el fin de asegurar la preservación y facilitar los estudios etnológicos, productivos y reproductivos. Cinco rebaños pertenecientes a las razas Cachena, Caldelana, Frieiresa, Limiana y Vianesa fueron estudiados para ser censados tomando en consideración el habitat, la selección animal, los caracteres morfológicos y productivos, la calidad del semen de los toros y su rendimiento de reproducción.
Establishment of a breeding season and evaluation of the reproductive performance of the Pantaneira horse in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Sereno J. R. B. , Santos S. A. , Zúccari C. E. S. N. , Mazza M. C. M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe objective of this study was to establish a breeding season and to evaluate the reproductive performance of a horse herd of the Pantaneira breed from Nhumirim Ranch in the lowlands of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. During the period 1990/91, the stallion was kept year-round with 17 mares. In the following year (91/92) a breeding season of seven months (Sept. 91 to Mar. 92) was established, in which the stallion and 15 mares were used. In the first period (90/91), the concentration of births occurred from September to December of 1991. The percentage of pregnancy and parturition observed in 90/91 and 91/92 for the male:female proportions of 1:17 and 1:15 were: 82.3, 100 and 86.7, 100%, respectively. In the breeding season from Oct. 91 to Feb. 92 with male/female ratios of A-1:11, B-1:10 and C-1:10, it was observed that the percentage of pregnancy was 90.9, 100 and 100%, respectively, with 100% parturition in the 3 groups. Independently of the number of females used (A-1:10, B-1:08, C-1:12), the rate of pregnancy obtained from the breeding season from Oct. 92 to Feb. 93 was 100%.
The Hungarian Grey cattle: a traditional European breed
Authors: Bartosiewicz L. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryIn this paper, the Hungarian Grey, a traditional draught and beef cattle was studied. This breed was threatened by extinction due to the mechanization of agriculture and propagation of upgraded breeds which had almost completely replaced it. Following a crisis in the 1960's (in 1966 only 470 dams were registered) a pioneering conservation scheme was introduced. Thanks to scientific breeding, the number of cows increased to approximately 1 600 and the risk of inbreeding has been avoided. In addition to a historical review, body conformation, production characteristics and modern forms of exploitation for this rare but genetically valuable breed are discussed.
The Ponies of the Giara highland
Authors: Dattilo M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe Giara pony is a less known, equine breed of small stature, typical of the island of Sardinia. It draws its denomination from the highland of the Giara, where it lives in the wild.The ponies appeared in Sardinia approximately in the VII century B. C. Recent research, carried out on haemoglobin polymorphism, underlined some analogies with the Arabic horses of North-Africa.These ponies, have a dolyichomorphic-type constitution with long, naked and resistant legs. In the past they were used for agricultural work, however later, with the increase of mechanisation, they returned to the Giara highland where they became feral.The Giara ponies, in the light of recent scientific research, possess not only an inestimable genetic patrimony but they also represent a large source of interest for the equestrian sport, and, above all, for children's riding therapy.The author underlines, finally, that the principal material of this article has been outlined in a symposium held at the University of Sassari 18/11/1997, entitled: “Phenomenology of the environment: psycho-social and zoo-anthropological perspectives”.
Amélioration des performances pondérales du Pigeon au Maroc par croisement de deux races locales avec une race d'origine européenne
Authors: Benazzouz B. , Soulaymani A. , Mokhtari A. 
Published: August 2011

RésuméDans l'objectif de l'amélioration des performances pondérales du pigeonneau commercial au Maroc, la présente étude vise l'exploitation de l'effet bénéfique du croisement de deux races locales ditesBeldietMgandipar la raceSottobancad'origine italienne.L'élevage est réalisé en claustration complète dans des parquets identiques soumis à des conditions sanitaires et alimentaires bien contrôlées.La comparaison des résultats des croisements des trois races révèle une variabilité significative du poids des pigeonneaux à l'âge d'abattage (28 jours) en fonction de la race du père, de la race de la mère, de leur interaction et du sexe du pigeonneau. En outre, les différences notées entre les performances des hybrides issus de croisements réciproques semblent être liées à des effets maternels. Les meilleures conformations sont obtenues chez les pigeonneaux mâles issus du croisement d'une femelleSottobancapar un mâleBeldiouMgandi.Par ailleurs, l'étude comparative de l'écart de performances entre les parents et les hybrides a montré que l'expression de l'hétérosis dépend de la distance génétique entre les races croisées. Ainsi, la combinaison des deux racesSottobancaetBeldia donné le meilleur effet hétérotique
Caractéristiques morphobiométriques de la poule du Sénégal
Authors: Missohou A. , Sow R.S. , Ngwe-Assoumou C. 
Published: August 2011

RésuméCette étude, qui vise à étudier les caractéristiques morphobiométriques de la poule du Sénégal, a porté sur 1 598 sujets échantillonnés dans deux zones agro-écologiques différentes: la zone de Dahra au centre du Sénégal et la zone de Kolda située en Casamance au sud du pays.Chaque sujet a fait l'objet d'une description par observation directe et d'une pesée. La longueur du tarse a également été objet d'une mesure.La coloration du plumage de la poule Sénégalaise est très variée mais les principales dominantes sont le fauve (13,82%), le blanc (12,39%), le mille-fleurs (8,38%), le blanc et fauve (8,38%) et le fauve hermine (7,85%). Les phénotypes“frisé“et“cou nu“représentent respectivement 0,9% et 1,94% de la population, ce qui correspond aux fréquences 0,5% du gène frisé (F) et 1% du gène cou nu (Na). La peau et les pattes sont surtout blanches mais elles peuvent aussi être jaunes, roses ou bleu acier (pattes).Le poids moyen des sujets est de 1,02±0,337 kg pour une longueur du tarse de 9,21 cm. Le nombre d'oeufs pondus par poule est de 12,4. Ce sont des oeufs en majorité (73%) blancs qui pèsent en moyenne 31,7±3,9 g.