bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary care payment models and avoidable hospitalizations in Ontario, Canada: A multivalued treatment effects analysis
Authors: Somé Nibene Habib , Devlin Rose Anne , Mehta Nirav , Sarma Sisira 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImproving access to primary care physicians' services may help reduce hospitalizations due to Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSCs). Ontario, Canada's most populous province, introduced blended payment models for primary care physicians in the early‐ to mid‐2000s to increase access to primary care, preventive care, and better chronic disease management. We study the impact of payment models on avoidable hospitalizations due to two incentivized ACSCs (diabetes and congestive heart failure) and two non‐incentivized ACSCs (angina and asthma). The data for our study came from health administrative data on practicing primary care physicians in Ontario between 2006 and 2015. We employ a two‐stage estimation strategy on a balanced panel of 3710 primary care physicians (1158 blended‐fee‐for‐service (FFS), 1388 blended‐capitation models, and 1164 interprofessional team‐based practices). First, we account for the differences in physician practices using a generalized propensity score based on a multinomial logit regression model, corresponding to three primary care payment models. Second, we use fractional regression models to estimate the average treatment effects on the treated outcome (i.e., avoidable hospitalizations). The capitation‐based model sometimes increases avoidable hospitalizations due to angina (by 7 per 100,000 patients) and congestive heart failure (40 per 100,000) relative to the blended‐FFS‐based model. Switching capitation physicians into interprofessional teams mitigates this effect, reducing avoidable hospitalizations from congestive heart failure by 30 per 100,000 patients and suggesting better access to primary care and chronic disease management in team‐based practices.
Five‐year outcomes of fractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer from the TRANSFORM phase II trial
Authors: See Andrew W. , Conway Paul , Frydenberg Mark , Haxhimolla Hodo , Costello Anthony J. , Moon Daniel , Ruljancich Paul , Grummet Jeremy , Pranavan Ganes , Peters Justin , Smyth Lloyd M. L. , Gwini Stella M. , McKenzie Dean P. , Bowden Patrick 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMetastasis‐directed therapy (MDT) for oligometastatic prostate cancer (PCa), including stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), has shown promise but is still considered investigational. This is the 5‐year analysis of the TRANSFORM trial, the largest prospective cohort of men with oligometastatic PCa treated with SBRT‐based MDT. The primary endpoint was 5‐year treatment escalation‐free survival (TE‐FS), defined as freedom from any new cancer therapy other than further SBRT. In total, 199 men received SBRT; 76.4% were hormone‐naïve at baseline. The rate of 5‐year TE‐FS was 21.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.7%–28.7%) overall and 25.4% (95% CI: 18.1%–33.9%) in the hormone‐naïve subgroup. The subgroups with International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Groups 4–5 disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.05–2.01, p = .026), a higher baseline prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) (HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03–1.09, p < .001) and those who received prior androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (HR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.40–3.26, p < .001), were at greater risk of treatment escalation. Outcomes for participants with four or five initial lesions were comparable to those with one to three lesions. At last follow‐up, 18.9% (95% CI: 13.2%–25.7%) of participants were free from treatment escalation (median follow‐up of 67.9 months) and two participants had an undetectable PSA level. No treatment‐related grade three or higher adverse events were reported. The findings of this study demonstrate that SBRT‐based MDT is an effective option for delaying systemic treatment escalation in the context of oligometastatic PCa. Future randomised trials comparing SBRT‐based MDT to standard‐of‐care ADT‐based approaches are required to evaluate the impact of delaying ADT on survival.
Sex‐specific effects of maternal blood pressure on newborn telomere length: A prospective study
Authors: Sheng Yonghong , Liang Si , Wu Siqian , Shao Yantao , Qiu Xiaoqiang , Liu Shun , Huang Dongping , Pan Dongxiang , Wang Lijun , Juan Jennifer Tan Hui , Zeng Xiaoyun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between maternal blood pressure (BP) and neonatal cord blood telomere length (TL) during pregnancy, and to clarify the sensitive period.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study with 621 mother‐newborn pairs from the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort (GZBC) in China. Multiple informant models, restricted cubic spline regression (RCS) models, and quantile regression models were conducted to analyze the correlation between maternal BP and neonatal TL.ResultsMaternal diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was inversely related to neonatal cord blood TL in the second trimester (P = 0.015) and the third trimester (P = 0.011). There was a male‐specific relationship between maternal BP and neonatal TL. A 1 mmHg increment in maternal systolic blood pressure (SBP) and DBP during the second trimester was related with 0.42% (95% CI: −0.80%, −0.04%) and 0.61% (95% CI: −1.13%, −0.09%) shorter TL in male newborns, respectively. Per unit increase of maternal DBP during the third trimester was related with 0.54% (95% CI: −1.03%, −0.05%) shorter TL in male newborns. Pregnant women with hypertensive disease of pregnancy (HDP) had male offspring with shorter TL (P = 0.003). However, no significant relationships were found in female newborns (P = 0.570).ConclusionMaternal BP during pregnancy is inversely correlated with male neonatal TL and the second and third trimesters are sensitive windows.
A machine learning model to predict spontaneous vaginal delivery failure for term nulliparous women: An observational study
Authors: Xu Jing , Liu Zifeng , Lu Yaxin , Zheng Zhijuan , Zhang Xinling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to construct and evaluate a model to predict spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) failure in term nulliparous women based on machine learning algorithms.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, data on nulliparous women without contraindications for vaginal delivery with a singleton pregnancy ≥37 weeks and before the onset of labor from September 2020 to September 2021 were divided into a training set and a temporal validation set. Transperineal ultrasound was performed to collect angle of progression, head–perineum distance, subpubic arch angle, and their levator hiatal dimensions. The cervical length was measured via transvaginal ultrasound. The delivery methods were later recorded. Through LASSO regression analysis, indicators that can affect SVD failure were selected. Seven common machine learning algorithms were selected for model training, and the optimal algorithm was selected based on the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate the effectiveness of the validation model.ResultsFour indicators related to SVD failure were identified through LASSO regression screening: angle of progression, cervical length, subpubic arch angle, and estimated fetal weight. The Gaussian NB algorithm was found to yield the highest AUC (0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–0.98) during model training, and hence it was chosen for verification with the temporal validation set, in which an AUC of 0.79 (95% CI 0.64–0.95) was obtained with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity rates of 80.9%, 72.7%, and 75.0%, respectively.ConclusionThe Gaussian NB model showed good predictive effect, proving its potential as a clinical reference for predicting SVD failure of term nulliparous women before actual delivery.
A canonical correlation analysis of self‐compassion, life balance, and burnout in counselors
Authors: Silva Sarah V. , Dean Christian J. , Balkin Richard S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis quantitative study explored the relationship between counselor burnout (Counselor Burnout Inventory, CBI), life balance (Life Balance Inventory, LBI), and self‐compassion (Self‐Compassion Scale, SCS) among 331 fully licensed and provisionally licensed counselors throughout the United States with at least 2 years of experience in various clinical settings and providing direct clinical services. Results of two canonical correlation analyses (CCAs) explored the relationship between (a) the subscales of the LBI and the CBI and (b) the subscales of the SCS and the CBI. Both CCAs indicated a statistically significant relationship demonstrating that: (a) increased life balance was associated with lower burnout and (b) increased self‐compassion was associated with lower burnout. Counselors experiencing burnout may turn to increasing their life balance or increasing self‐compassion practices to increase their quality of life.
Previously endured distress reduces the quality of the compassion extended toward sufferers of workplace distress
Authors: Livne‐Tarandach Reut , Jazaieri Hooria , Rabelo Verónica Caridad 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIn difficult times, how can we alleviate employees' distress? Lay beliefs suggest that high‐quality compassionate responses come from those who have “been there” before. According to hot–cold empathy gap theory, however, firsthand experience with another's distress may activate distorted memories of past distress, leading people to underestimate the severity and difficulty of another's current distress. Grounded in a relational perspective of compassion, we examine how sufferers experience the quality of actions taken to alleviate their distress (i.e., compassion action quality; CAQ), along with the responders' perceptions of their own responses (i.e., self‐efficacy). Across three studies, we find that sufferers experience lower CAQ from responders who have (vs. have not) previously endured a similar distress. We examine three mechanisms that explain the negative effect of previously endured distress on CAQ, based on responders' self‐focus, validation of sufferer's distress, and self‐efficacy. We also examine the boundary conditions of this effect and find that it is distress specific. Specifically, this effect does not hold when responders who previously endured distress respond to sufferers who are currently enduring a different type of distress. These findings advance organizational research on compassion and inform efforts to improve people's capacity to alleviate distress at work.
Donor human milk treated by high‐pressure processing improves the body growth of growth‐restricted mice pups
Authors: Dubernat Laure , Lefevre Augustin , Marousez Lucie , Tran Léa C. , Van Hul Matthias , de Lamballerie Marie , Cani Patrice D. , Gottrand Frédéric , Ley Delphine , Lesage Jean 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionPasteurized human donor milk (DM) is frequently used for feeding preterm newborns and extrauterine growth‐restricted (EUGR) infants. Most human milk banks performed a pasteurization of DM using the standard method of Holder pasteurization (HoP) which consists of heating milk at 62.5°C for 30 min. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing was proposed to be an innovative nonthermal method to pasteurize DM. However, the effect of different modes of DM pasteurization on body growth, intestinal maturation, and microbiota has never been investigated in vivo during the lactation.ObjectivesWe aimed to study these effects in postnatally growth‐restricted (PNGR) mice pups daily supplemented with HoP‐DM or HHP‐DM.MethodsPNGR was induced by increasing the number of pups per litter (15 pups/mother) at postnatal Day 4 (PND4). From PND8 to PND20, mice pups were supplemented with HoP‐DM or HHP‐DM. At PND21, the intestinal permeability was measured in vivo, the intestinal mucosal histology, gut microbiota, and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) level were analyzed.ResultsHHP‐DM pups displayed a significantly higher body weight gain than HoP‐DM pups during lactation. At PND21, these two types of human milk supplementations did not differentially alter intestinal morphology and permeability, the gene‐expression level of several mucosal intestinal markers, gut microbiota, and the caecal SCFAs level.ConclusionOur data suggest that HHP could be an attractive alternative to HoP and that HHP‐DM may ensure a better body growth of preterm and/or EUGR infants.
Enhancing micro‐enterprises performance: The role of the regional environment
Authors: Amato Stefano , Candio Paolo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of the regional environment on firm performance, focusing on a sample of 97,838 manufacturing firms in Italy. Utilizing multilevel modeling, the study reveals several key findings. First, the regional context explains approximately 10% of the variability in firm performance. Second, micro‐enterprises demonstrate lower performance levels compared to larger counterparts. Third, a more competitive regional environment is associated with higher firm performance across all sizes of firms. Importantly, micro‐enterprises tend to benefit relatively more in competitive regions, leading to a narrowing performance gap with larger firms. These findings underscore the importance of policy initiatives aimed at enhancing regional competitiveness, particularly in supporting micro‐enterprises to address their inherent weaknesses and improve overall performance.
pH‐Responsive Degradable Electro‐Spun Nanofibers Crosslinked via Boronic Ester Chemistry for Smart Wound Dressings
Authors: Casillas‐Popova Sofia Nieves , Lokuge Nishadi Dilkushi , Andrade‐Gagnon Brandon , Chowdhury Farhan Rahman , Skinner Cameron D. , Findlay Brandon L. , Oh Jung Kwon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent advances in the treatment of chronic wounds have focused on the development of effective strategies for cutting‐edge wound dressings based on nanostructured materials, particularly biocompatible poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐based electro‐spun (e‐spun) nanofibers. However, PVA nanofibers need to be chemically crosslinked to ensure their dimensional stability in aqueous environment and their capability to encapsulate bioactive molecules. Herein, a robust approach for the fabrication of pH‐degradable e‐spun PVA nanofibers crosslinked with dynamic boronic ester (BE) linkages through a coupling reaction of PVA hydroxyl groups with the boronic acid groups of a phenyl diboronic acid crosslinker is reported. This comprehensive analysis reveals the importance of the mole ratio of boronic acid to hydroxyl group for the fabrication of well‐defined BE‐crosslinked fibrous mats with not only dimensional stability but also the ability to retain uniform fibrous form in aqueous solutions. These nanofibers degrade in both acidic and basic conditions that mimic wound environments, leading to controlled/enhanced release of encapsulated antimicrobial drug molecules. More importantly, drug‐loaded BE‐crosslinked fibers show excellent antimicrobial activities against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, suggesting that this approach of exploring dynamic BE chemistry is amenable to the development of smart wound dressings with controlled/enhanced drug release.
How to successfully apply industrial symbiosis
Authors: Hatsor Limor , Jelnov Artyom 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe premise of industrial symbiosis (IS) is that advancing a circular economy that reuses byproducts as inputs in production is valuable for the environment. We challenge this premise in a simple model. Ceteris paribus, IS is an environmentally friendly approach; however, implementing IS may introduce increased pollution into the market equilibrium. The reason for this is that producers' incentives for recycling can be triggered by the income gained from selling recycled waste in the secondary market and thereby may not align with environmental protection. That is, producers may boost production (and subsequent pollution) to sell byproducts without internalizing the pollution emitted in the primary industry or the recycling process. We compare the market solution to the social optimum and identify a key technology parameter (the share of reused byproducts) that may have mutual benefits for firms, consumers, and the environment.
Signs of front‐line healthcare professionals' information anxiety during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Grounded theory study in a Wuhan hospital
Authors: Lu Quan , Tao Liang , Peng Xueying , Chen Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimBeing front‐line healthcare professionals is associated with possible severe information anxiety during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Investigating signs of information anxiety is the first and key step of its targeted medical intervention. This study aims to explore the signs of front‐line healthcare professionals' information anxiety during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignThis study is qualitative research. Grounded theory was used to classify information anxiety signs of front‐line healthcare professionals.MethodsTwenty‐four front‐line healthcare professionals from a general hospital with over 5000 beds in Wuhan were recruited to participate in semi‐structured interviews. According to the frequency and frequency variation of signs appearing in interviews, the trends of signs during the virus encounter, lockdown, flattening and second wave were compared. Based on the interviews, those signs that were conceptually related to each other were extracted to construct a conceptual model.ResultsPsychological signs (emotion, worry, doubt, caution, hope), physical signs (insomnia, inattention, memory loss, appetite decreased) and behavioural signs (panic buying of goods, be at a loss, pay attention to relevant information, change habits) could be generalized from 13 subcategories of information anxiety signs. Psychological signs were the most in every period of the pandemic. Furthermore, psychological signs decreased significantly during lockdown, while behavioural and physical signs increased. Finally, severe psychological and behavioural signs were associated with physical signs.
Using the behavior change wheel to design a novel home‐based exercise program for adults living with overweight and obesity: Comprehensive reporting of intervention development
Authors: Power Sofie , Broom David , Duncan Michael , Biddle Stuart , Rowley Nikita 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionPhysical activity and exercise are movement behaviors that support the lifestyle management of overweight and obesity. However, home‐based exercise programs are commonly generic, and inconsistently undertake a holistic approach to program design.MethodsThis work applied the Behavior Change Wheel, supplemented with previously conducted interviews, to the development of a home‐based exercise program, specifically for people living with overweight and obesity. This provided an understanding of the target behavior and identified a behavioral diagnosis. These findings were mapped onto the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation‐Behavior model and Theoretical Domains Framework, identifying changes needed and corresponding intervention functions.ResultsSuitable Behavior Change Techniques were identified, alongside Capability Opportunity Motivation‐Behavior components needed to facilitate an increase in exercise behaviors, and five key intervention functions. This housed the delivery of 24 Behavior Change Techniques, including goal setting, feedback, monitoring and repetition.ConclusionApplying the Behavior Change Wheel has enabled detailed development of a home‐based exercise program for adults living with overweight and obesity.
Hoch und weit hinaus
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Thaller Sigrid 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungStabhochspringen zählt zu den technisch anspruchsvollsten Sportarten der Leichtathletik. Hier kommt es darauf an, dass die Eigenschaften des Stabs, seine Länge und Elastizität, sehr genau auf den Athleten abgestimmt sind. Zudem ist eine möglichst große Geschwindigkeit beim Absprung maßgeblich. Dies und die schwierige Balance beim Anlauf und der Überquerung der Latte stellen hohe Anforderungen an die Athleten. Beim weniger bekannten Stabweitsprung hingegen spielen die Eigenschaften des Stabs keine wesentliche Rolle. Hier kommt es nicht auf die schnellste, sondern auf eine wohldosierte Anlaufgeschwindigkeit an. Außerdem ist Klettern während des Sprungs erlaubt, weshalb eine optimale Kletter‐ und schließlich Absprungtechnik zum weitesten Sprung führen.
Playing pin‐the‐tail‐on‐the‐protein in extracellular vesicle (EV) proteomics
Authors: Turner Natalie P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are anucleate particles enclosed by a lipid bilayer that are released from cells via exocytosis or direct budding from the plasma membrane. They contain an array of important molecular cargo such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and can transfer these cargoes to recipient cells as a means of intercellular communication. One of the overarching paradigms in the field of EV research is that EV cargo should reflect the biological state of the cell of origin. The true relationship or extent of this correlation is confounded by many factors, including the numerous ways one can isolate or enrich EVs, overlap in the biophysical properties of different classes of EVs, and analytical limitations. This presents a challenge to research aimed at detecting low‐abundant EV‐encapsulated nucleic acids or proteins in biofluids for biomarker research and underpins technical obstacles in the confident assessment of the proteomic landscape of EVs that may be affected by sample‐type specific or disease‐associated proteoforms. Improving our understanding of EV biogenesis, cargo loading, and developments in top‐down proteomics may guide us towards advanced approaches for selective EV and molecular cargo enrichment, which could aid EV diagnostics and therapeutics research.