bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framework for Accurate Estimation of Freezing Time and Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient for Freezing of Food product in Domestic Refrigerator: A Numerical and Simulation Modeling approach
Authors: Ray Arijit , Minz P. S. , Sinha Chitranayak 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Freezing time estimation is essential for quality assurance, process optimization, and innovation in a variety of industries. The total freezing time is greatly influenced by the heat transfer parameters like convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC), which in turn affects the product's quality characteristics. The correct calculation of CHTC, especially in domestic freezers, remains largely unexplored despite the development of several mathematical models for freezing time prediction. To fill this gap, this research presents a framework-driven analysis of CHTC for estimating the freezing time of frozen sweetened yoghurt in a domestic refrigerator. This research not only compares the performance of several freezing time prediction models, but also seeks to determine the optimal CHTC range for accurate freezing time forecasts, determining the most accurate freezing time prediction model and to replicate the freezing process by simulation accurately for this specific scenario. The results showed great accuracy for the determined CHTC range (RMSE = 27.24, CV = 0.16, MSE = 741.85, MAE = 22.4, MAPE = 12.24 and MBE = 8.14) and lowest average residual (3.95 min) for the fitted prediction for the freezing time calculation of frozen yoghurt. The simulation analysis further backed the results by showcasing marginal temperature difference between the simulated and actual temperature (0.232℃ to 0.684℃) of the frozen yoghurt by using the determined CHTC range. This showed the developed framework’s reliability in freezing time prediction and CHTC range determination, which will eventually help in modeling the freezing process of different food products with high accuracy.
Willingness and Perceptions of Malaria Vaccines among Caregivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Mwingira Felista Walafried , Matiya Deoakry Joseph , Chacky Frank 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Tanzania is a malaria-endemic country that relies solely on antimalarial drugs and vector control, insecticide-treated bed nets, and indoor residual spray control strategies. However, the efficacy of these interventions is threatened by the development of resistance, and additional strategies are needed to accelerate malaria eradication. Currently, malaria vaccines have begun to roll out in endemic areas. However, hesitancy emanating from misinformation on vaccine efficacy and safety has been recorded in various parts of the world. Thus, an assessment of caregivers' acceptance of the malaria vaccine is essential. In this context, this study investigated the awareness and willingness of caregivers towards the malaria vaccine.
Methodology:
This is a health facility-based cross-sectional survey conducted from September 2022 to March 2023. In total, 293 caregivers attending Ante-Natal Clinics (ANC) in selected health facilities in Dar es Salaam were recruited. A semistructured questionnaire was used to collect caregivers’ demographic information, knowledge of malaria, knowledge of malaria vaccines and willingness to receive malaria vaccines.
Results
The respondents were predominantly women aged 18–52 years. Overall, 87.4% had knowledge of malaria. In contrast, 14% did not know how malaria is transmitted. Most respondents (86.3%) knew about malaria prevention/control methods. However, only 14.7% of the recruited caregivers were aware of the malaria vaccine. Of those exposed to vaccine messages, 67.4% were aware that the vaccine was for children under five years of age, while 53.5% knew that the vaccine was for pregnant women. Despite their low exposure, most respondents (92.8%) were willing to receive the malaria vaccine for their children under five years of age.
Conclusion
Malaria knowledge was high among the caregivers. However, the abysmally low awareness of vaccines calls for targeted information, education and communication strategies (IECs) for communities to curb misconceptions and complement their high willingness to accept the malaria vaccine upon its roll-out in Tanzania.
Impact of General Population Stigmatization toward Marriage in Patients Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Behgam Nazgol , Sahraian Amirhossein , Ebadi Zahra , Jahani Shima , Sahraian Mohammad Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a long-term condition that affects the central nervous system and typically manifests in individuals during their youth. Stigma poses significant psychosocial challenges for patients with MS, leading to negative impacts on their personal and social lives. However, limited research has been conducted on the experiences of individuals and the influence of MS stigmatization on marriage. This study focused on unmarried individuals aged 20–40 years in Iran to determine the prevalence of societal stigma and their intention to marry an individual affected by MS. Methods A researcher-designed questionnaire was utilized to collect data from 343 unmarried individuals in a prospective cross-sectional study. We conducted an in-person interview to gather their overall understanding of MS and their views on marrying someone with MS. The questionnaire assessed sociodemographic variables and measured the degree of stigmatization toward MS, by including concerns related to marriage with MS patients. Results The results showed that stigmatization attitudes and concerns existed among the participants as much as 85%, including worries about physical disability, treatment costs, potential transmission of MS to future children, unemployment, and dismissal. The study findings suggested the inquiry of MS patients in managing stigmas effectively, as well as increasing social awareness regarding MS. Conclusions This study contributes to the understanding of the social implications of MS and provides insights for developing strategies to address societal stigma and improve the quality of life for MS patients. By raising awareness and providing support in society, it is feasible to establish an inclusive and accepting environment that enables individuals with MS to experience an improved quality of life and reduced stigma in various social areas, such as relationships and marriage.
A Discrete-Time Event-Triggered Consensus Algorithm with Optimized Sampling for Multi-Agent Coordination Control
Authors: Lin Meihuan , Wu Weilin , Huang Hongben 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this paper, a multi-agent cooperative control algorithm based on event-triggered mechanism is designed. The main research contents are as follows : Firstly, the consensus algorithm of second-order discrete multi-agent is designed, and the consensus protocol is designed by using sampling position information. The relationship among network topology, control gain and sampling period is analyzed. Secondly, the leader-follower consistency based on event-triggered mechanism is studied, and a leader-follower consistency algorithm based on event-triggered mechanism is designed. By introducing the event-triggered mechanism, the master-slave consistency cooperative control is realized. Thirdly, the research results of multi-agent cooperative control algorithm based on event-triggered mechanism are verified by an example to prove the effectiveness of theoretical analysis.
Imprinting of B cells in SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain infection compared to AZD1222 (ChAdOx nCoV-19) vaccination
Authors: Familiar-Macedo Débora , de Azeredo Elzinandes Leal , Lemos Elba Regina Sampaio , Damasco Paulo Vieira , de-Oliveira-Pinto Luzia Maria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Understanding the behavior of B cell subsets in infections and vaccination is important to determine how protective humoral immunity is established. Here, we performed a cross-sectional study and evaluated subjects who were either acutely infected with SARS-CoV-2, recovered from COVID-19, or received two doses of the AZD1222 vaccine. PBMC collected from these subjects were subjected to in vitro stimulation with R848 + rIL-2 to promote terminal differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting cells (ASC), and the abundance of pan (irrespective of antigen specificity) and SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 domain-reactive IgG + ASC were evaluated using the ELISPOT method. Stimulated PBMCs were recovered from ELISPOT assays and further characterized using multiparametric flow cytometry. Moreover, culture supernatants from the ELISPOT assay were assessed for soluble B cell activating factors (BAFF, APRIL, and CD40L). Lastly, using a commercial ELISA kit, the abundance of IgA and IgG in plasma with specificity for the Spike 1 domain was evaluated in the groups. We showed that most recovered individuals display a robust Spike 1-specific ASC response compared to acute COVID-19 and those vaccinated. Although the frequency of total B cells or B-cell subsets did not vary when comparing the four groups, plasmablasts are commonly increased for naïve and double negative B-cells in the acute, recovered, and vaccinated groups. Considering the IgA and IgG production profile, similar IgA and IgG production appears to be present in acute and recovered patients. During vaccination, more IgG is produced than IgA. This could be due to the increased frequency of IgG + plasmablasts and IgG + memory B cells in acute cases and IgG + memory B cells in vaccinated patients. Furthermore, in acute patients, BAFF quantities were positively correlated with total B cells and IgG + plasmablasts but negatively correlated with IgA + plasmablasts. Our data suggest that vaccination and natural infection in COVID-19 induce a differential profile and functionality of B cells. Therefore, we recommend that new vaccines against COVID-19 incorporate molecular adjuvants that regulate B lymphocyte functionality, that they are more effective in inducing an ACS IgG + response to SARS-CoV-2 antigens and, consider the beneficial aspects of the IgA response in addition to the IgG.
Diet and risk of temporomandibular disorders: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Jianing , Huang Xin , Wang Rui , Tian Wenxin , Wang Yue 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are the second most prevalent musculoskeletal condition after chronic low back pain, and have been demonstrated to be associated with a multiple factors. However, studies on the relationship between diet and TMD are limited. This study examined the causal association between diet and TMD using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Materials and methods Leveraging large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, we employed MR analysis to assess the causal associations between diet and TMD. This study employed three primary methods: weighted median, MR-Egger, and inverse variance weighting (IVW). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the results’ robustness. Results Our results suggested that a higher intake of tea, alcoholic drinks, and fizzy drinks correlated with an increased risk of TMD ( alcoholic drinks per week: odds ratio (OR) = 1.714; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.056–2.782;P = 0.029; tea intake: OR = 1.476; 95% CI, 1.012–2.151;P = 0.043; fizzy drink intake: OR = 2.712; 95% CI, 1.504–4.890;P = 0.001). Sensitivity analysis revealed no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy. However, no significant association was observed between TMD and other dietary intakes. Conclusions In this study, we presented convincing evidence supporting the presence of a causal link between diet and TMD. Refraining from excessive consumption of alcohol, tea, and fizzy beverages may contribute to TMD prevention. Clinical relevance Acknowledging the significance of diet as a controllable factor in preventing and managing TMD is crucial, and our research provides valuable perspectives on this matter.
Assessment of variability, genetic diversity and character association of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelve) based on qualitative and quantitative traits
Authors: B. Kavana G. , K. Seetharamu G. , Kumar. Rajiv , D. Satish , Taj. Amreen , S Bhat Amruta , R Venugopalan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelve) is one of the most widely cultivated herbaceous perennial flowering plants belonging to family Asteraceae. Every year many varieties are being added by the government and private agencies. So, there is wide range of variation, but very little attention has been given for its improvement. For effective selection, it is necessary to separate genetic variability from total variability, which helpful breeders to adopt suitable breeding programmes. There is a need for identification of varieties suitable for growing in different agro climatic conditions for specific purposes. Fifty genotypes of chrysanthemum were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design during the year 2022 (Kharif) to determine genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for different quantitative and qualitative traits. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all the characters studied. Results revealed that magnitude of the Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for all the traits viz., number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, duration of flowering, number of flowers per plant, weight of hundred flowers, yield per plant, flower diameter, total number of ray florets per flower head, petiole length, shelf life and disc diameter indicating genotype and environment interaction. highest heritability coupled with genetic advance as per cent mean was found for all the traits. The characters that endowed with high heritability with values high genetic advance as per cent mean may be used as selection criteria in genetic improvement of yield. the information of genotypic and phenotypic correlations and path coefficients analysis, it is suggested that an ideal Chrysanthemum genotype for getting higher flower yield per plant would possess more plant height, petiole length, more weight of 100 flowers and more number of flowers per plant. Therefore, selection based on these attributes would results in genetic advance for flower yield per plant.
Petromagnetism and paleomagnetism of kimberlite pipesof the Verkhnemunskoe deposit (Yakutsk diamondiferous province)
Authors: Khoroshikh M. S. , Konstantinov K. M. , Sharygin I. S. , Kuzina D. M. , Potapov S. V. , Kokodey D. Yu. 
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the studies of kimberlite pipes of the Verkhnemunskoe diamond field is to calculate the Middle Paleozoic paleomagnetic pole to clarify the trajectory of the apparent migration of the pole and reconstructions of the paleogeographic position of the Siberian platform at the time of the manifestation of active tectono-magmatic processes. The Verkhnemunskoye deposit is located within the Verkhnemunskoye kimberlite field of the Yakutsk diamondiferous province and includes five kimberlite pipes (Deimos, Zapolyarnaya, Komsomolskaya-Magnitnaya, Novinka and Poiskovaya), the age of which according to geological and isotopic data is estimated as Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous (372–347 Ma). For the first time scalar and vector physical parameters of kimberlites and captured xenoliths from different structural-material complexes of the Earth’s crust, as well as the host terrigenous sedimentary rocks of the Early Paleozoic were obtained, which are necessary for the development of physical-geological models of the Verkhnemunskoe field deposits. A relatively deep level of erosional shearing of the field has been established. The primary (synchronous with the formation of the field) natural residual magnetization was preserved in the kimberlite cohesive mass. The main carrier minerals of natural remanent magnetization vectors of kimberlites are unaltered magnesioferrite and magnetite, which indicates their thermo-sufficient nature. The natural remanent magnetization vectors of captured xenoliths indicate that the influence of hypergenic processes did not strongly affect the NRM vectors of kimberlites. Firing test is positive. The paleomagnetic pole with coordinates Φ = 26.5°N, Λ = 142.2°E, dp/dm = 6.2/7.8° was calculated from the obtained clusters of N = 10 vectors of the primary natural remanent magnetization of kimberlite pipes. On its basis, we reconstructed the paleogeographic position of the Siberian Platform, which at the time of the kimberlite intrusion was located in the middle latitudes of the northern hemisphere and was facing north with its southern edge.
Using isotope-geochemical criteria for Olympiadinskoye gold deposit gas system genesis diagnosis
Authors: Kovalev A. A. , Karpov V. A. , Makarov V. А. , Padalko N. L. 
Published: May 2024

The authors studied modern gas manifestations spatially associated with the ore deposits in the Kaitbinskaya lithological-facies zone of the Yenisei Ridge. The purpose of the research is to obtain scientifically based data on the genesis of gaseous and vaporous fluids in various sampling environments of the Vostochny open-pit mine of the Olympiadinskoye gold deposit: rocks, natural waters, free-flowing gases from blastholes and air of the surface atmosphere. It has been conducted a complex of field and analytical works including degassing, gas chromatography, pyrolysis of the organic substance of lithified and metamorphosed deposits, analysis of carbon isotopic composition in carbon dioxide and methane in fluidal systems. In order to study normal gas-geochemical field (natural background) of the work area an atmospheric geochemical survey was carried out at the reference site – an “environmentally friendly” site with the minimal influence of technogenic factors. It has been determined that the surface atmosphere of the site had been formed due to the landscape and geomorphological conditions of the Kaitbinskaya lithological-facies zone as well as fluidal systems of deep horizons. The latter, due to the presence of an extensive network of disruptive disturbances and diffusion-filtration processes of mass transfer reached the zone of exploratory geochemical sounding. The conducted pyrolytic studies of rocks have proved that within the open section of the Vostochny open-pit mine the organic substance of the Kordinskaya series of the lower Riphean deposits has implemented its oil and gas generation potential and cannot serve the formation source of abnormal gas fields of the Olympiadinskoye gold deposit. The studied gas systems are polygenic in nature and, being allochthonous to the host sediments, are formed without the participation of gases from the upper generating (bio) zone. According to isotope-geochemical criteria, these are mainly endogenous and naphthidogenic fluids identical to the gas condensate accumulations of the Yurubcheno-Tokhomskaya oil and gas accumulation zone.
Factor analysis-based deep differentiation of oil deposits in the Ural-Volga region
Authors: Gilyazetdinov R. A. , Kuleshova L. S. , Mukhametshin V. V. , Gizzatullina A. A. 
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the article is to present an algorithm developed on the scientific and methodological foundations of quantitative and qualitative processing of geological and commercial data to implement the procedure for deep identification of deposits. The developed algorithm consists of two levels: the initial stage includes facility identification by tectonic and stratigraphic characteristics resulting in the formation of a number of megagroups of objects. Then they are subjected to deep differentiation using the elements of data factor analysis, which is carried out together with the monitoring of the highly identical objects. The presented approach to solving the problems of field effective grouping is the most effective due to a comprehensive and reasonable assessment of the groups of facilities formed as a result of modeling. The developed algorithm was tested on example of a number of fields associated with terrigenous reservoirs of the Devonian and carboniferous systems of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province. After two calculation stages the percentage of correctly grouped objects averaged 96.8 %, which is a high result. To make the search for analogous objects qualitative and objective eighteen equations have been obtained that combine twenty parameters describing the geological and physical characteristics of productive formations as well as the physico-chemical properties of the fluids saturating them at the sufficient level of reliability. Based on the results of using the developed algorithm for deep identification of deposits, the authors obtained a number of relevant mathematical dependencies between various parameters, graphical distributions of objects in the axes of the main components, which all together enable efficient and systematic search for analogous objects in the deposits of terrigenous reservoirs of the Devonian and carboniferous systems of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province. Besides, the presented identification diagrams enable successful management of the processes of oil recovery within the micro- and macro-levels of facility distribution in the axes of the main components. They also allow to form a list of general recommendations that will contribute to the optimal development of liquid hydrocarbon resources.
Enhanced gate-valve failure detection in water distribution networks using ML and pressure data
Authors: Kim Hyunjun , Jung Kwangjun , Lee Sumin , Jeong Eunhye 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

This study introduces an innovative diagnostic approach for identifying gate-valve failures in water distribution systems. By implementing high-frequency pressure sensors upstream and downstream of the gate valves, we obtained detailed pressure data that are pivotal for fault diagnosis. We explored three distinct machine-learning algorithms and two data-handling techniques to ensure optimal performance in real-world applications. In our methodology, supervised learning algorithms are used to analyze pressure differentials and predict valve behavior. We rigorously tested these algorithms using both raw and feature-engineered data, and the results indicated the effectiveness of the Gaussian-naïve Bayes model with six extracted features. This approach enhances the precision and reliability of diagnostics in water distribution networks.
Navigating the water–energy nexus amidst the Lebanese economic crisis
Authors: Fayssal Nora , Al Tawil Lara , Danageuzian Hrair , Sabat Mira , ElMerehbi Hana , Darazi Dovan , Sabat Macole , Roukos Roy , Abou Dargham Sara , Romanos Jimmy 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Lebanon's economic crisis has disrupted the country's energy and water sectors, highlighting their interdependence. The methodology involves surveying 150 municipalities across all Lebanese governorates, ensuring a comprehensive coverage of public and private water resources. Data on water and energy were collected before and during the crisis to explore this nexus during periods of economic turmoil. The findings reveal a decline in water provision during the crisis, with the average weekly water supply plummeting from 49 h in 2019 to 22 h in 2023. Concurrently, the use of water tankers has surged from 26 to 44%, indicating a concerning shift in water acquisition methods. Despite the crisis, conventional water sources remain predominant, while unconventional sources account for less than 1% of the total supply. In response to the energy shortage, renewable energy sources have gained traction in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. The scarcity and rising cost of electricity have driven the adoption of solar photovoltaics in the water sector, reaching 4.8% for extraction from underground reservoirs and 2.8% for distribution. Similarly, the use of solar water heaters has increased from 7.9 to 15.4% in 2023. These findings underscore the interplay between energy and water security during periods of economic instability.