bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermochemistry of (CaxSr1‐x)TiO3, (BaxSr1‐x)TiO3, and (BaxCa1‐x)TiO3 Perovskite Solid Solutions
Authors: Navi Nissim U. , Shneck Roni Z. , Shvareva Tatiana Y. , Kimmel Giora , Zabicky Jacob , Mintz Moshe H. , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: March 2012

High‐temperature solution calorimetry in molten 3Na2O•4MoO3 solvent at 975 K is used to measure the enthalpy of mixing of (CaxSr1‐x)TiO3 and (BaxSr1‐x)TiO3 solid solutions. Both solid solutions show positive enthalpy of mixing, however, the (BaxSr1‐x)TiO3 shows less deviation from ideality, with interaction parameter λ = 8.5 ± 3.8 kJ/mol, than (CaxSr1‐x)TiO3 with interaction parameter λ = 25.3 ± 2.0 kJ/mol. The smaller interaction parameter of the (BaxSr1‐x)TiO3 system is attributed to the volume mismatch of the end‐members. The larger interaction parameter of (CaxSr1‐x)TiO3 may be related to larger ionic radius difference of Ca and Sr and may also reflect the additional energy needed to overcome the lattice distortion of the orthorhombic CaTiO3 to incorporate it into the cubic perovskite SrTiO3. (BaxCa1‐x)TiO3 has a large positive heat of mixing and limited solid solubility as derived from its phase diagram. This study indicates the tendency of SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 to separate from a CaTiO3 host matrix, which may be significant in perovskite‐bearing nuclear waste ceramics incorporating 90Sr and 137Ba.
Polaronic Mobility in Boron Doped Iron Phosphate Glasses: Influence of Structural Disorder on Summerfield Scaling
Authors: Moguš‐Milanković Andrea , Pavić Luka , Ertap Hüseyin , Karabulut Mevlüt 
Published: March 2012

The electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of xB2O3–(40−x)Fe2O3–60P2O5 (x = 0–20, mol%) glasses have been investigated by impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range from 0.01 Hz to 1 MHz and over the temperature range from 303 to 523 K. The dc conductivity is strongly controlled by polaron concentration, which depends upon the Fe2O3 content and the average distance between iron ions. The evolution of the complex dielectric permittivity as a function of frequency and temperature was studied. The thermal‐activated relaxation mechanism dominated the observed relaxation behavior. The relationship between relaxation parameters and electrical conductivity indicates the electronic conductivity controlled by polaron migration between iron ions with the distribution of hopping distances. The deviations from the Summerfield scaling in the ac conductivity and dielectric permittivity spectra have been observed for selected polaronic glasses. These deviations are caused by the local structural disorder and/or relaxation generated in the early stage of B2O3 addition as well as at the initial incorporation of BO4 tetrahedra into phosphate chains.
Implicit Acquisition of Grammars With Crossed and Nested Non‐Adjacent Dependencies: Investigating the Push‐Down Stack Model
Authors: Uddén Julia , Ingvar Martin , Hagoort Peter , Petersson Karl M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA recent hypothesis in empirical brain research on language is that the fundamental difference between animal and human communication systems is captured by the distinction between finite‐state and more complex phrase‐structure grammars, such as context‐free and context‐sensitive grammars. However, the relevance of this distinction for the study of language as a neurobiological system has been questioned and it has been suggested that a more relevant and partly analogous distinction is that between non‐adjacent and adjacent dependencies. Online memory resources are central to the processing of non‐adjacent dependencies as information has to be maintained across intervening material. One proposal is that an external memory device in the form of a limited push‐down stack is used to process non‐adjacent dependencies. We tested this hypothesis in an artificial grammar learning paradigm where subjects acquired non‐adjacent dependencies implicitly. Generally, we found no qualitative differences between the acquisition of non‐adjacent dependencies and adjacent dependencies. This suggests that although the acquisition of non‐adjacent dependencies requires more exposure to the acquisition material, it utilizes the same mechanisms used for acquiring adjacent dependencies. We challenge the push‐down stack model further by testing its processing predictions for nested and crossed multiple non‐adjacent dependencies. The push‐down stack model is partly supported by the results, and we suggest that stack‐like properties are some among many natural properties characterizing the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms that implement the online memory resources used in language and structured sequence processing.
Preservative fluid and storage conditions alter body mass estimation in a terrestrial insect
Authors: Knapp Michal 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBody mass is a frequently used trait in ecological and evolutionary research. In the present study, I demonstrate that sampling and storage conditions affect wet and dry weights in an insect predator, Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Live beetles were placed in one of five preservative fluids for 1 month to simulate sampling by pitfall traps. Sodium chloride solution, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol + detergent, and propylene glycol caused significant increases in both wet and dry weights compared with control (short‐term frozen) specimens, whereas formaldehyde did not. In a separate experiment, four methods of long‐term (6 months) sample storage (freezing, ethanol, propylene glycol, and ethyl acetate vapour) all caused significant changes in wet weight compared with the control treatment. The dry weight of the specimens preserved in ethanol decreased significantly in contrast to the long‐term frozen specimens and those in propylene glycol and ethyl acetate vapour, whose dry weight did not differ significantly from the control specimens. The combination of formaldehyde as the preservative fluid and freezing as the storage method thus appears to be an optimal combination for studies in which the body mass of dead insects is considered.
Osteochondral tissue engineering: scaffolds, stem cells and applications
Authors: Nooeaid Patcharakamon , Salih Vehid , Beier Justus P. , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOsteochondral tissue engineering has shown an increasing development to provide suitable strategies for the regeneration of damaged cartilage and underlying subchondral bone tissue. For reasons of the limitation in the capacity of articular cartilage to self‐repair, it is essential to develop approaches based on suitable scaffolds made of appropriate engineered biomaterials. The combination of biodegradable polymers and bioactive ceramics in a variety of composite structures is promising in this area, whereby the fabrication methods, associated cells and signalling factors determine the success of the strategies. The objective of this review is to present and discuss approaches being proposed in osteochondral tissue engineering, which are focused on the application of various materials forming bilayered composite scaffolds, including polymers and ceramics, discussing the variety of scaffold designs and fabrication methods being developed. Additionally, cell sources and biological protein incorporation methods are discussed, addressing their interaction with scaffolds and highlighting the potential for creating a new generation of bilayered composite scaffolds that can mimic the native interfacial tissue properties, and are able to adapt to the biological environment.
SHARPIN is a key regulator of immune and inflammatory responses
Authors: Wang Zhe , Potter Christopher S. , Sundberg John P. , Hogenesch Harm 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMice with spontaneous mutations in the Sharpin gene develop chronic proliferative dermatitis that is characterized by eosinophilic inflammation of the skin and other organs with increased expression of type 2 cytokines and dysregulated development of lymphoid tissues. The mutant mice share phenotypic features with human hypereosinophilic syndromes. The biological function of SHARPIN and how its absence leads to such a complex inflammatory phenotype in mice are poorly understood. However, recent studies identified SHARPIN as a novel modulator of immune and inflammatory responses. The emerging mechanistic model suggests that SHARPIN functions as an important adaptor component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex that modulates activation of NF‐κB signalling pathway, thereby regulating cell survival and apoptosis, cytokine production and development of lymphoid tissues. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of the ubiquitin‐dependent regulatory mechanisms involved in NF‐κB signalling, and incorporate the recently obtained molecular insights of SHARPIN into this pathway. Recent studies identified SHARPIN as an inhibitor of β1‐integrin activation and signalling, and this may be another mechanism by which SHARPIN regulates inflammation. Furthermore, the disrupted lymphoid organogenesis in SHARPIN‐deficient mice suggests that SHARPIN‐mediated NF‐κB regulation is important for de novo development of lymphoid tissues.
Trophic factors and cell therapy to stimulate brain repair after ischaemic stroke
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Fernández María , Fuentes Blanca , Rodríguez‐Frutos Berta , Ramos‐Cejudo Jaime , Vallejo‐Cremades María Teresa , Díez‐Tejedor Exuperio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBrain repair involves a compendium of natural mechanisms that are activated following stroke. From a therapeutic viewpoint, reparative therapies that encourage cerebral plasticity are needed. In the last years, it has been demonstrated that modulatory treatments for brain repair such as trophic factor‐ and stem cell‐based therapies can promote neurogenesis, gliogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, synaptogenesis and angiogenesis, all of which having a beneficial impact on infarct volume, cell death and, finally, and most importantly, on the functional recovery. However, even when promising results have been obtained in a wide range of experimental animal models and conditions these preliminary results have not yet demonstrated their clinical efficacy. Here, we focus on brain repair modulatory treatments for ischaemic stroke, that use trophic factors, drugs with trophic effects and stem cell therapy. Important and still unanswered questions for translational research ranging from experimental animal models to recent and ongoing clinical trials are reviewed here.
Anticancer activities of genistein‐topotecan combination in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Hörmann Vanessa , Kumi‐Diaka James , Durity Marcia , Rathinavelu Appu 
Published: March 2012

AbstractProstate cancer is one of the leading causes of death in men aged 40 to 55. Genistein isoflavone (4′, 5′, 7‐trihydroxyisoflavone) is a dietary phytochemical with demonstrated anti‐tumour activities in a variety of cancers. Topotecan Hydrochloride (Hycamtin) is an FDA‐approved chemotherapy drug, primarily used for secondary treatment of ovarian, cervical and small cell lung cancers. This study was to demonstrate the potential anticancer efficacy of genistein‐topotecan combination in LNCaP prostate cancer cells and the mechanism of the combination treatment. The LNCaP cells were grown in complete RPMI medium, and cultured at 37°C, 5% CO2 for 24–48 hrs to achieve 70–90% confluency. The cells were treated with varying concentrations of genistein, topotecan and genistein‐topotecan combination and incubated for 24 hrs. The treated cells were assayed for (i) post‐treatment sensitivity using MTT assay and DNA fragmentation, (ii) treatment‐induced apoptosis using caspase‐3 and ‐9 binding assays and (iii) treatment‐induced ROS generation levels. The overall data indicated that (i) both genistein and topotecan induce cellular death in LNCaP cells, (ii) genistein‐topotecan combination was significantly more efficacious in reducing LNCaP cell viability compared with either genistein or topotecan alone, (iii) in all cases, cell death was primarily through apoptosis, via the activation of caspase‐3 and ‐9, which are involved in the intrinsic pathway, (iv) ROS generation levels increased significantly with the genistein‐topotecan combination treatment. Treatments involving genistein‐topotecan combination may prove to be an attractive alternative phytotherapy or adjuvant therapy for prostate cancer.
Urban legends series: Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Aframian DJ , Konttinen YT , Carrozzo M , Tzioufas AG 
Published: March 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 19, 46–58Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) is one of the most common autoimmune rheumatic diseases, clinically characterized by xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. We investigated the following controversial topics: (i) Do we have reliable ways of assessing saliva production? (ii) How important are the quantity and quality of saliva? (iii) Are only anti‐SSA/Ro and anti‐SSB/La relevant for the diagnosis of SjS? (iv) Are the American‐European Consensus criteria (AECC) the best way to diagnose SjS? Results from literature searches suggested the following: (i) Despite the fact that numerous tests are available to assess salivation rates, direct comparisons among them are scarce with little evidence to suggest one best test. (ii) Recent developments highlight the importance of investigating the composition of saliva. However, more research is needed to standardize the methods of analysis and collection and refine the quality of the accumulating data. (iii) In addition to anti‐Ro/La autoantibodies, anti α‐fodrin IgA and anti‐MR3 autoantibodies seem to be promising diagnostic markers of SjS, but more studies are warranted to test their sensitivity and specificity. (iv) AECC are classification, not diagnostic criteria. Moreover, recent innovations have not been incorporated into these criteria. Consequently, treatment directed to patients diagnosed using the AECC might exclude a significant proportion of patients with SjS.
Transverse changes determined by rapid and slow maxillary expansion – a low‐dose CT‐based randomized controlled trial
Authors: Martina R. , Cioffi I. , Farella M. , Leone P. , Manzo P. , Matarese G. , Portelli M. , Nucera R. , Cordasco G. 
Published: March 2012

Martina R., Cioffi I., Farella M., Leone P., Manzo P., Matarese G., Portelli M., Nucera R., Cordasco G. Transverse changes determined by rapid and slow maxillary expansion – a low‐dose CT‐based randomized controlled trial  Orthod Craniofac Res 2012;15:159–168. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SStructured AbstractObjectives –  To compare transverse skeletal changes produced by rapid (RME) and slow (SME) maxillary expansion using low‐dose computed tomography. The null hypothesis was that SME and RME are equally effective in producing skeletal maxillary expansion in patients with posterior crossbite.Setting and Sample Population –  This study was carried out at the Department of Oral Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy. Twelve patients (seven males, five females, mean age ± SD: 10.3 ± 2.5 years) were allocated to the SME group and 14 patients (six males, eight females, mean age ± SD: 9.7 ± 1.5 years) to the RME group.Materials and Methods –  All patients received a two‐band palatal expander and were randomly allocated to either RME or SME. Low‐dose computed tomography was used to identify skeletal and dental landmarks and to measure transverse maxillary changes with treatment.Results –  A significant increase in skeletal transverse diameters was found in both SME and RME groups (anterior expansion = 2.2 ± 1.4 mm, posterior expansion = 2.2 ± 0.9 mm, pterygoid expansion = 0.9 ±0.8 mm). No significant differences were found between groups at anterior (SME = 1.9 ± 1.3 mm; RME = 2.5 ± 1.5 mm) or posterior (SME = 1.9 ± 1.0 mm; RME = 2.4 ± 0.9 mm) locations, while a statistically significant difference was measured at the pterygoid processes (SME = 0.6 ± 0.6 mm; RME = 1.2 ± 0.9 mm, p = 0.04), which was not clinically relevant.Conclusion –  Rapid maxillary expansion is not more effective than SME in expanding the maxilla in patients with posterior crossbite.
Impaired brain growth and neurodevelopment in preterm infants with posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation
Authors: Jary Sally , De Carli Agnese , Ramenghi Luca A , Whitelaw Andrew 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim:  To correlate volumetric magnetic resonance imaging at term with neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years in infants with posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Preterm infants with posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation have high risk of disabilities, but the range is wide and predicting severity of motor and mental disability is difficult.Methods:  Twenty‐five preterm infants with posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation had cerebral magnetic resonance imaging at term age. Total and regional brain volumes were calculated using a manual segmentation technique. Bayley Scales of Infant Development II were assessed at 2 years post‐term. Developmental Quotients (DQ) were calculated from Developmental Age Equivalent scores.Results:  Total cerebral volume, excluding ventricles, correlated positively with Motor (r = 0.7, p < 0.0001) and Mental DQ (r = 0.4, p = 0.02). Only three of 16 infants with cerebral volume <336 cm3 were ambulant at 2 years. Cerebellar volumes correlated strongly with Motor DQ (r = 0.6, p = 0.002) but only with Mental DQ after adjustment. Thalamic volumes correlated strongly with Motor DQ (r = 0.7, p = 0.0002).Conclusion:  Brain growth is significantly impaired in posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Volumetric measurements at term of total cerebral and cerebellar volume may have a role in predicting severity of disability.
Oak woodland vegetation of Turkey – a first overview based on multivariate statistics
Authors: Uğurlu Emin , Roleček Jan , Bergmeier Erwin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractQuestionsTurkey is home to more Quercus species than any other country in the western Palaearctic. To what extent is the taxonomic diversity reflected in compositional diversity of oak woodland vegetation? What are the main compositional gradients, their environmental correlates and associated gradients in species traits? How are the oak woodland types in Turkey distributed? What is their stand structure, ecological range, conservation value and how are they used? Which phytosociological syntaxa are represented? What gaps remain in knowledge of Turkey's oak woodlands that require further study?LocationTurkey (SE Europe, SW Asia).MethodsWe used 1181 vegetation records of oak woodland retrieved from phytosociological literature, sampled at more than 100 sites all over Turkey. We classified the data set using a modified TWINSPAN algorithm and displayed the classification using a dendrogram and a synoptic table. We used detrended correspondence analysis and canonical correspondence analysis to identify main compositional patterns, their environmental correlates and associated gradients in species traits. The phi coefficient was used to identify the diagnostic species of the distinguished vegetation types. Species composition, ecological range, biogeographic affinities, traditional phytosociological treatment and land use of each type were described using standard forms.ResultsThe main gradients in compositional diversity of Turkey's oak woodland vegetation range from xerophytic evergreen woodlands near the Mediterranean Sea coast to mesophytic deciduous forests near the Black Sea coast and to continental open (semi‐) deciduous (south‐) east Anatolian woodlands and shrublands. These compositional gradients are associated with gradients in species traits and macroclimate. Silvopastoralism and coppicing are very common forms of land use of Turkish oak forests, although both have somewhat declined recently. Old‐growth forests are scarce or absent in most oak‐dominated systems.ConclusionsCompositional diversity of Turkish oak woodland vegetation is extensive and reflects the biogeographical subdivision of the country. However, the ecology of several oak species and their ecosystems is still little known. A major gap in the available data and knowledge lies in east and southeast Anatolia. The currently protected forest area should be revised to cover all the oak woodland types identified in this paper.
Two cases of prenatally diagnosed sacrococcygeal teratoma type I with different clinical features
Authors: Goto Shinobu , Suzumori Nobuhiro , Obayashi Shintaro , Ozaki Yasuhiko , Sugiura‐Ogasawara Mayumi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a rare congenital disease and prognostic factors have not been entirely established. We report two cases of fetal SCT with different clinical courses. Case 1 was a cystic, slow growing tumor with mild vascularity. The tumor was removed one week after delivery at 35 weeks, and there was no recurrence at 1.5‐year follow‐up. Case 2 was a solid, rapid growing tumor with rich vascularity. Cesarean section was performed due to severe fetal hydrops and mirror syndrome in the mother at 27 weeks. The tumor had ruptured and was removed soon after delivery to control bleeding, but the baby died the next day. Our cases suggest that solid component and rich vascularity might correlate with poor prognosis.
Use of step stool during resuscitation improved the quality of chest compression in simulated resuscitation
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Kim Chan Woong , Kim Sung Eun , Lee Sang Jin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives: Resuscitation on a medical bed is difficult because of the need to match the height of the bed to the height of the rescuer, which is impossible on a fixed‐height medical bed. This study investigated the effect of using a step stool on chest compressions performed on a manikin in a fixed‐height medical bed.Methods: This prospective, observational study was performed using simulated resuscitation manikins and a fixed‐height (78 cm) medical bed. Chest compression–ventilation of more than five cycles was performed with and without a 20‐cm‐high step stool. A total of 74 medical students participated in this study. The quality of the chest compressions was examined using the Laerdal PC Skill Reporting System. The angle between the arm of the rescuer and the bed was measured. In addition, whether the heels of the rescuer reached the ground during the compressions was assessed using lateral‐view pictures.Results: Use of the step stool improved the quality of the chest compressions with regard to depth, proper compressions, insufficient compressions and incorrect hand position (P < 0.05). The angle between the rescuer's arm and bed during the chest compressions was closer to vertical with the use of the step stool than without it (average angle, 83.84 ± 4.16° and 73.41 ± 9.16°, respectively; P < 0.001).Conclusions: In‐hospital resuscitation was conducted on a fixed‐height medical bed by rescuers of different heights. The use of a step stool may improve the quality and effectiveness of chest compressions, particularly for short rescuers.