bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unconventional USC intersection corridors: evaluation of potential implementation in Doha, Qatar
Authors: Esawey Mohamed El , Sayed Tarek 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUnconventional intersection designs have been recently proposed as a new approach to deal with heavy left turns at signalized intersections. One of these unconventional schemes, the Upstream Signalized Crossover (USC) intersection, was shown to significantly reduce average vehicle delays; particularly when the volumes entering the intersection are relatively high. The Ministry of Public Works of Qatar is considering the implementation of the USC intersection on three signalized intersections along a major urban corridor in Doha. This paper investigates the potential improvements associated with the USC implementation. VISSIM was used to analyze the proposed USC intersections and the existing conventional intersections. Analyses were carried out for AM, Midday, and PM peak hours. The results showed that most of the travel time measurement sections experienced lower delays in the USC configuration for the three peak periods. As well, the total system delay, in hours, for the USC configuration was less than that of the conventional configuration by 19.4, 14.8, and 13.6% for the AM, Midday, and PM peaks, respectively. The average control delay for each single USC intersection was lower than its conventional counterpart by between 7.6 and 22.9%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Korrosionsverhalten von Anschweißankern aus nichtrostendem Stahl bei hinterlüfteten Außenwandbekleidungen aus Naturwerkstein
Authors: Nürnberger Ulf , Köse Cenk 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden Betrachtungen zur Korrosion von Anschweißankern aus nichtrostendem Stahl der Werkstoff‐Nr. 1.4571 bei Naturwerksteinfassaden angestellt. Weiterhin werden Ergebnisse korrosionstechnischer Untersuchungen an derartigen Ankern aus bestehenden, bis zu 23 Jahre alten Bauwerken wiedergegeben. Bei sachgerechter Interpretation der dargestellten Zusammenhänge kann gefolgert werden, dass die im Regelwerk geforderten Maßnahmen zur grundsätzlichen Entfernung von Anlauffarben und zum Verschließen von Spalten bei atmosphärisch beanspruchten geschweißten Verbindungen im Fall der hinterlüfteten Außenwandbekleidungen aus Sicht der Korrosion technisch nicht begründet und unnötig sind.Corrosion behaviour of stainless steel weld‐on anchors of claddings for external walls ventilated at the rear and made of natural stone. In the contribution considerations are made about the corrosion of stainless steel weld‐on anchors of the material No. 1.4571 of claddings for external walls ventilated at the rear. Furthermore, results of corrosiontechnical investigations on such anchors of buildings which are up to 23 years old are reported. With proper interpretation of the shown connections it must necessarily be concluded that the measures in the set of rules concerning the removal of temper colours and the closing of crevices of atmospherically exposed weld‐on anchors are technically not founded and unnecessary from the corrosion point of view if ventilated facades are taken into consideration.
Neubau der Kultur‐ und Gesellschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Salzburg
Authors: Mathes Donald , Stengler Matthias , Lugenheim Matthias 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMit der Planung und Errichtung des Neubaus für die Kultur‐ und Gesellschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät (KGW) der Universität Salzburg entsteht ein Gebäude, das dank seiner exponierten und herausfordernden Architektur, aber auch wegen der Problematik des anstehenden Baugrunds höchste Anforderungen an die Aus‐ und Durchbildung des gesamten Tragwerks stellt, über das zu berichten lohnt. Dabei bedingen die unterschiedlichsten gestalterischen und funktionalen Anforderungen des Gebäudes bauteilkonkret spezifische Antworten, die frühzeitig in der Planung an zudenken und bezüglich ihrer Wirtschaftlichkeit zu bewerten waren. Die entwurfsbedingt weitgehende Freistellung der mittleren Geschosse des Baus von Stützelementen erfordert die Ausbildung weitspannender Tragwerke in den Obergeschossen, wobei hier nur begrenzt Platz für die Erzielung statischer Höhen zur Verfügung stand. Andererseits mussten die konzentriert angreifenden, beträchtlichen Lasten der Obergeschosse mit weit gespannten Gründungskonstruktionen verteilt und in den begrenzt tragfähigen Baugrund abgeleitet werden.The new building for the Faculty of Cultural & Social Sciences of the University of Salzburg — A remarkable building with an exceptional supporting structure. Due to its prominent and provocative architecture as well as because of the difficult ground conditions the new building for the Faculty of Cultural & Social Sciences (KGW) of the University of Salzburg becomes a building that requires the highest standards for the development and reali zation of the static superstructure, which is worth to mention.The most different design and functional requirements of the building call for component‐specific answers which had to be tackled early in the design and to be assessed regarding their economics.The design‐related extensive clearance of the middle floors from supporting elements requires the construction of large‐span supporting structures in the upper floors leaving only limited space to achieve static heights.Contrary to that, the immense acting forces of the upper floors had to be distributed through large‐span foundations and transferred into the inadequate loadbearing ground.
Stochastische Abschätzung der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit von Spannbetontragwerken infolge Spannungsrisskorrosion unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Schädigungsverteilungen
Authors: Bauer Thomas , Müller Michael , Patz Rüdiger , Wilhehm Tobias , Schwarz Johannes , Tue Nguyen Viet 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDer bis 1965 hergestellte vergütete Spannstahl weist eine hohe Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Spannungsrisskorrosion auf. Ein Ausfall des Spannstahls in einzelnen Bauteilen während der Nutzung kann nicht ausgeschlossen werden, sowohl bei Brücken als auch bei Hochbauten. In diesem Beitrag wird mit Hilfe der Stochastik jedoch gezeigt, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Versagens ohne An kün digung durch die Rissbildung bei Spannbetonbauteilen mit meh reren Spanngliedern, wie dies bei Brücken in der Regel der Fall ist, im Allgemeinen sehr gering ist. Für eine bessere statistische Aussage ist eine gezielte Untersuchung zur Feststellung des Schadenablaufs von Spannstahl im Bauwerk sehr wünschenswert.Stochastic estimation for failure probability of prestressed concrete members due to stress corrosion considering different failure processes of tendons. The hardened and tempered prestressing steel, which was manufactured by 1965, exhibits a high sensibility to stress corrosion. The loss for the bearing capacity of the individual tendon during the service life can not be excluded, both for bridges and building structures. However, in this contribution, by using stochastic method, it is demonstrated that the failure probability for existing prestressed concrete structures without prior announcement by cracking is very small. For a better statistical estimation, the inspection of the failure processes of the tendons in structures is very helpful.
Bemessung eines Stützbauwerks nach Eurocode — Teil 2: Erdbebenbemessung
Authors: Strauss Alfred , Wendner Roman , Suda Jürgen , Bergmeister Konrad , Hofmann Robert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDieser Beitrag behandelt den Erdbebennachweis für die Bemessung von Gewichtsmauern aus Beton und Stahlbeton nach Eurocode 2 (EN 1992‐x), Eurocode 7 (EN 1997‐1) und Eurocode 8 (EN 1998‐x) anhand eines durchgerechneten Beispiels.Design of concrete retaining structures according to Eurocode standards — Part 2: Earth quake design. This contribution treats the design of concrete retaining structures under earth quake impact based on Eurocode 2 (EN 1992‐x), Eurocode 7 (EN 1997‐1) and Eurocode 8 (EN 1998‐x) by means of an application example.
A multi‐component approach to the treatment of chronic rumination
Authors: Wrigley Monica , Kahn Katherine , Winder Pam , Vollmer Timothy R. , Sy Jolene R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA multi‐component intervention was used to treat chronic rumination exhibited by an adult female diagnosed with a developmental disability. The intervention consisted of: (a) interruption of precursor behavior, (b) the alternation of 10‐min periods of continued instruction that involved walking and working with (c) 10‐min periods in which instructions were not delivered but a variable time 5‐s schedule of noncontingent attention was programmed, and (d) a 1‐min differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) schedule. During the intervention, rumination decreased by 82% relative to baseline. Next, components of the multi‐component intervention were systematically removed to evaluate their individual contribution. Results suggested that each individual component contributed to the overall treatment effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NIR fluorescent ytterbium compound for in vivo fluorescence molecular imaging
Authors: Aita Kazuki , Temma Takashi , Kuge Yuji , Seki Koh‐ichi , Saji Hideo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe have developed a new NIR fluorescent probe based on an ytterbium(III) (E)‐1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl‐diazenyl)naphthalen‐2‐ol (PAN) complex. This probe emits near‐infrared luminescence derived from the Yb ion through excitation of the PAN moiety with visible light (λex = 530 nm, λem = 975 nm). The results support the possible utility of the probe for in vivo fluorescence molecular imaging. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of Zn(Cu0.01Cd0.02Mg0.02)S phosphor
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Lee Hong‐Ro 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTo improve the luminescence properties of ZnS : Cu, a multi‐doped method was used to prepare Zn(Cu0.01Cd0.02Mg0.02)S in this paper. As a new designed semiconductor compound, particular properties of Zn(Cu0.01Cd0.02Mg0.02)S were investigated, especially luminescence intensity and lifetime. Structure and compositions of Zn(Cu0.01Cd0.02Mg0.02)S phosphor were analyzed by XRD and TEM respectively. Luminescence intensity and luminescence lifetime of the prepared Zn(Cu0.01Cd0.02Mg0.02)S phosphor were investigated by luminescence spectrometry. As a result, compared with pure ZnS or doped ZnS phosphors, Zn(Cu0.01Cd0.02Mg0.02)S showed remarkably improved luminescence properties. The optimum ratio of three dopants was obtained for solving luminescence problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model‐Independent fluorescence polarization for measuring order in a biological assembly
Authors: Burghardt Thomas P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the first part of this paper, we developed a model‐independent method of describing the order in the arrangement of elements in a general, anisotropic, time‐independent biologic structure, where elemental order is reported by dipolar (e.g., fluorescent) probes. This method begins with the description of the elemental order of a biologic assembly as an arbitrary angular distribution of molecular frames, with one frame fixed in each element of the structure. The angular distribution is then expanded in a complete set of orthonormal angular functions and the moments of the series expansion are related to observable quantities. These moments describe the physical properties of the elemental order of the system without a model and without reference to the method of observation. The method is developed here for fluorescence polarization measurements, when each elemental subunit is specifically fluorescence‐labeled, and the elemental order is reported by the polarization of the emission from the fluorescent probe after polarized excitation. This approach establishes the theoretical limitations of the fluorescence polarization technique for determining elemental order in a system and indicates analytical and experimental strategies for obtaining all the order information in the observed signal. A version of this method has been successfully applied to the study of the order of arrangement of the myosin cross‐bridge in intact muscle fibers [Burghardt, Ando, and Borejdo (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 7515–7519]. These results are discussed briefly in this paper. In the second part of this paper we extend the model‐independent analysis to the time‐dependent, anisotropic system where the fluorescence‐labeled elements are undergoing restricted rotational motion. The model‐independent analysis is used to measure the angular potential that restricts the rotational motion of the elements. The method does not require time‐resolved measurements.
Molecular mechanical studies of base‐pair opening in d(CGCGC):d(GCGCG), dG5·dC5, d(TATAT):d(ATATA), and dA5·dT5 in the B and Z forms of DNA
Authors: Keepers Joe , Kollman Peter A. , James Thomas L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMolecular mechanical energy refinement of double‐helical pentanucleotide tetra‐phosphates, d(CGCGC):d(GCGCG), dG5·dC5, d(TATAT):d(ATATA), and dA5 ·dT5 geometries, are presented in order to examine the energy required to open the Nl(purine) …︁ N3(pyrimidine) distance (base‐pair opening) of a Watson‐Crick base pair from its normal value of 3 Å to a value of 6 Å. The structural consequences of forcing base‐pair opening is sequence dependent. For both dA5 ·dT5 and d(TATAT):d(ATATA), forcing the Nl (AdeKN3 (Thy) distance of the central base pair to a value of 6 Å slides the bases perpendicular to the helix axis forming a low‐energy non‐Watson‐Crick base pair having an adenine amine hydrogen …︁ thymine carbonyl oxygen hydrogen bond. The two GC sequences behave differently from both AT sequences and differently from each other. Forcing the Nl(Gua) …︁ N3(Cyt) distance to 6 Å leads to unconventional structures in which hydrogen bonds are formed between the separated bases and the bases above or below them. These structures appear to be trapped in true local minima 6–10 kcal/mol higher in energy than the Watson‐Crick structures. Preliminary simulations on d(CGCGC):d(GCGCG) in the Z geometry suggest the reason the Z form may be more refractory to proton exchange than the B form, consistent with experimental observations.
Helical conformation of amylose in aqueous solution. I. Viscosity measurements
Authors: Elmgren Hans 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo amylose samples, amylose V (DPw = 2300) and amylose HE 15 (a low‐substituted hydroxyethylamylose, DPW = 1600) were studied. The intrinsic viscosity of the polymers in aqueous solution was measured with regard to its dependence on the alkalinity (0 to 5MNaOH), the ionic strength (0 to 5M), and the temperature (0 to 75°C). Additionally, the temperature dependence of the viscosity of the amylose‐iodine complex was measured. It was found that the two amylose samples show the same dependence on the studied parameters. Therefore, it was concluded that the conformation is unchanged by the hydroxyethylation in the present case. In a discussion, steric, hydrodynamic, and thermodynamic data on amylose in solution are compared with the corresponding data on cellulose and dextran. The comparison leads to the conclusion that amylose in a neutral solution must have a helical conformation, corresponding to the well‐accepted rod conformation of cellulose. The helical conformation also explains several viritual anomalies in the behavior of amylose. The results of the experiments support the helix model for amylose. The conclusion of the whole work, therefore, is that the amylose molecule in neutral aqueous solution can be regarded as a random coil, built up by helical segments. The average number of monomers per segment exceeds 100. This value decreases with increasing alkalinity.
Helical conformation of amylose in aqueous solution. II. Electron spin resonance, fluorescence depolarization, and sedimentation measurements
Authors: Ebert Bernd , Elmgren Hans 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the previous study [Elmgren, H. (1984) Biopolymers 23, 2525–2541] concerning the conformation of amylose in aqueous solution, it was stated that amylose in a neutral aqueous solution is a random coil consisting of helical segments. In terms of Kuhn statistics, each segment contains more than 100 monomers. The number of monomers per segment decreases by alkali addition. In an attempt to verify these statements, a combined electron spin resonance (esr) and ultracentrifugation (uc) study of a weakly hydroxyethylated amylose sample in water and alkaline solvents was performed. This combination of measuring techniques makes it possible to estimate the Brownian motion, and thus the mass of the polymer segments. As a control for the obtained esr data, fluorescence depolarization (fdp) measurements were performed on the polymer sample in a bicarbonate buffer at pH 10. The result of the study confirms that the amylose segments are very heavy in water. In strong alkaline solvents, the segment mass corresponds to that of a few monomers. Our findings thus support the statements made in the preceding article, and the data obtained by others. [Kitamura S., Yunokawa H., & Kuge T., (1982) Polym. J. 14, 85–91; Kitamura S., Yunokawa H., Mitsu'ie S., & Kuge T., (1982) Polym J. 14, 93–99].
Fluorescent cholangiography illuminating the biliary tree during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Ishizawa T , Bandai Y , Ijichi M , Kaneko J , Hasegawa K , Kokudo N 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Although intraoperative cholangiography has been recommended for avoiding bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, radiographic cholangiography is time consuming and may itself cause injury to the bile duct. Recently, a novel fluorescent cholangiography technique using the intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG) has been developed.

Methods
In 52 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 2·5 mg ICG was injected intravenously 30 min before the patient entered the operating room or following intubation. A fluorescent imaging system, which consisted of a xenon light source and a laparoscope with a charge-coupled device camera that could filter out light wavelengths below 810 nm, was used. Fluorescent cholangiography was performed during dissection of Calot's triangle, and its ability to delineate biliary anatomy was compared with that of preoperative cholangiography.

Results
Fluorescent cholangiography delineated the cystic duct in all 52 patients, and the cystic duct–common hepatic duct junction was visible before dissection of Calot's triangle in 50 patients. Fluorescent imaging also identified all accessory bile ducts that had been diagnosed before surgery in eight patients.

Conclusion
Fluorescent cholangiography enables real-time identification of biliary anatomy during dissection of Calot's triangle. This simple technique may become standard practice for avoiding bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, replacing radiographic cholangiography.
On the assessment and self‐assessment in a students teamwork based course on software engineering
Authors: Budimac Zoran , Putnik Zoran , Ivanović Mirjana , Bothe Klaus , Schuetzler Kay 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor the previous 7 years, under the auspices of a “Stability Pact of South‐Eastern Europe” and DAAD, a joint project for developing an undergraduate course in “Software Engineering” has been conducted. The intention of the project was to enable a usage of shared materials for software engineering courses at wide range of universities in countries participating in the project. During school year 2004/2005: for the first time the same course; with the same case study; and the same assignments; have been conducted at the Humboldt University Berlin and University of Novi Sad. In this article, we share some of the experiences obtained during conducting the same course for the last several school years. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 1–9, 2011
Towards complete product development teaching employing combined CAD–CAM–CAE technologies
Authors: Lorenzo‐Yustos Hector , Lafont Pilar , Diaz Lantada Andres , Navidad Antonio Fdez‐Florez , Muñoz Sanz Jose Luis , Munoz‐Guijosa Juan Manuel , Muñoz‐Garcia Julio , Echavarri Otero Javier 
Published: July 2010

AbstractProblem based learning and teamwork activities often turn out to be the student's first point of contact with what Industry is really like and becomes a fundamental milestone in their learning throughout their degree course. The complete development of products and machines provides opportunities for active learning projects where students can apply computer aided design, engineering and manufacturing technologies, as well as the most advanced rapid prototyping technologies, so highly valued by Industry. We present complete product developments that have been undertaken by teams of students, as a way to the practical application of design and manufacturing concepts acquired in the subject “Design and Manufacture with Plastic Materials.” This subject is taught in the 5th course at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid—U.P.M. as part of the Mechanical Engineering Degree. The use of the “Rapid Prototyping Technologies” available in the U.P.M.'s Product Development Laboratory, has enabled prototypes to be manufactured, which means the pre‐production stage has been attained. The use of these technologies for teaching purposes constitutes a whole new experience in the U.P.M. Important information for improvements has been obtained from students' surveys and the correspondence between students' dedication and the European Credits assigned to the subject is very satisfactory. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 661–668, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com; DOI 10.1002/cae.20270
Transcatheter closure of moderate to large patent ductus arteriosus with the Amplatzer duct occluder
Authors: Wang Jou‐Kou , Wu Mei‐Hwan , Hwang Juey‐Jen , Chiang Fu‐Tein , Lin Ming‐Tai , Lue Hung‐Chi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives:To investigate the acute and follow‐up results of transcatheter closure of moderate to large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with the Amplatzer duct occluder.Methods:Between April 2000 and June 2005, 237 patients underwent attempted transcatheter closure of PDA, of whom Amplatzer duct occluder was used in 68 patients with moderate‐to‐large‐sized PDA (45 females, with ages ranging from 56 days to 75 years, median 3.3 years). Moderate to large PDA is defined as ductus diameter ≥2.5 mm (≥3 mm in early phase of this study) in infants and young children, or ≥4 mm in adolescents and adults. The size of device selected was generally at least 1–2 mm larger than ductus diameter.Results:The ductus diameter ranged from 2.5 to 8.5 mm (4.1 ± 1.3 mm). Amplatzer duct occluder was successfully deployed in 66 out of 68 patients. The size of device deployed ranged from 4 to 12 mm (6.3 ± 1.6 mm). The causes of failure in the 2 patients included calcification of ductus resulting, in failure in advancing a sheath to descending aorta in 1 and kinking of a Cook sheath in the other. Distal embolization of the device occurred several hours later in one. After the device was retrieved percutaneously, the patient was sent to surgery. No other significant complications occurred. In the 3‐month follow‐up, complete occlusion was achieved in all patients. No patient had left pulmonary artery stenosis.Conclusions:Transcatheter closure of moderate‐to‐large‐sized ductus with Amplatzer ductus occluder is effective and safe. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.