bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of phenolic compounds from edible flowers (Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus) using ultrasound‐microwave‐assisted extraction and its screening by HPLC
Authors: Chetia Indrani , Das Arup Jyoti , Badwaik Laxmikant S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhlogacanthus thyrsiflorus flowers have been consumed as a traditional delicacy in the north‐eastern region of India. The present investigation utilized the microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) technique in conjunction with an ultrasound pretreatment (at 250 W for 15 min) to extract phenolic compounds from Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus flowers. Here, independent factors for optimization of MAE were microwave power (300, 500, and 700 W) and extraction time (2, 4, and 6 min), and responses were total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and DPPH (2,2‐dipheny‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) activity. For the experimental design, a Response surface methodology and a central composite design were followed. The optimum MAE condition was found at microwave power 700 W for 5 min resulting 30.204 mg GAE/g TPC, 81.26% DPPH and 22.50 mg QAE/g of TFC. The extraction of phenolic compounds was significantly impacted by both the microwave power and the extraction time. The high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis detected various phenolic compounds in both conventional and MAE extracts. However, compared to conventional extract, the majority of the identified phenolic compounds were found to be higher in quantities in MAE extract. These results highlighted that MAE‐optimized flower extract could be beneficial as a functional ingredient for food product development.Practical applicationsPhlogacanthus thyrsiflorus is a highly nutritious flower with medicinal properties. Though traditionally edible flowers have been consumed in the northeastern part of India but people are still neophobic and there is scanty awareness available regarding the benefits of consuming edible flowers. This scientific justification regarding the advantages of edible flowers makes them appealing for future novel use in food technology and also for further scientific study. High perishability of flowers makes them limited for market viability and extraction of its phenolic compounds is one of the novel solutions to utilize the flowers before spoilage. Also, using ultrasound as a pretreatment could enhance the efficiency of microwave‐assisted extraction techniques for a higher yield of phenolic compounds. Microwave‐assisted extraction technique as its novel and was proven an easy successful extraction technique on this flower. Also, the study of phenolic compounds through HPLC provides important information regarding the presence of various phenolic compounds in the Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus flower. This research can be supportive of both food technology and the medicinal industry.
Lightweight object detection network for multi‐damage recognition of concrete bridges in complex environments
Authors: Jiang Tianyong , Li Lingyun , Samali Bijan , Yu Yang , Huang Ke , Yan Wanli , Wang Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo solve the challenges of low recognition accuracy, slow speed, and weak generalization ability inherent in traditional methods for multi‐damage recognition of concrete bridges, this paper proposed an efficient lightweight damage recognition model, constructed by improving the you only look once v4 (YOLOv4) with MobileNetv3 and fused inverted residual blocks, named YOLOMF. First, a novel lightweight network named MobileNetv3 with fused inverted residual (MobileNetv3‐FusedIR) is constructed as the backbone network for YOLOMF. This is achieved by integrating the fused mobile inverted bottleneck convolution (Fused‐MBConv) into the shallow layers of MobileNetv3. Second, the standard convolution in YOLOv4 is replaced with the depthwise separable convolution, resulting in a reduction in the number of parameters and complexity of the model. Third, the effects of different activation functions on the damage recognition performance of YOLOMF are thoroughly investigated. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in complex environments, a data enhancement library named Imgaug is used to simulate concrete bridge damage images under challenging conditions such as motion blur, fog, rain, snow, noise, and color variations. The results indicate that the YOLOMF shows excellent multi‐damage recognition proficiency for concrete bridges across varying field‐of‐view sizes as well as complex environmental conditions. The detection speed of YOLOMF reaches 85f/s, facilitating effective real‐time multi‐damage detection for concrete bridges under complex environments.
Capital flow reversals and currency crises: Do capital flow types matter?
Authors: Zhang Mengting , Steiner Andreas , de Haan Jakob , Yang Haizhen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe analyze how reversals of several types of capital flows impact currency crises in emerging market and developing economies. Estimates of logit models show that reversals of (equity and debt) portfolio flows significantly increase the likelihood of currency crises in emerging market economies. In developing economies, reversals of portfolio debt flows and banking flows have a significant positive impact on currency crises. Finally, our results suggest that countries with mature financial systems and fixed exchange rate regimes are less likely to experience a currency crisis after a capital flow shock. The mediating role of capital account liberalization varies by country type.
Contextual influences on knowledge translation capacity in a nursing home organisation: A phenomenological hermeneutical study
Authors: Steinskog Trine‐Lise Dræge , Tranvåg Oscar , Ciliska Donna , Graverholt Birgitte 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe demand for advanced clinical care in nursing homes (NHs) is increasing. Evidence‐based practices and knowledge translation (KT) initiatives are growing to bridge the gap between what is known and what is done. However, research on contextual influence on KT has primarily focused on hospital settings.AimTo expand our understanding of contextual influences on KT capacity in a NH organisation.Design and MethodsLindseth and Norberg's phenomenological hermeneutical method was used to explore and describe practice development nurses' experiences, perspectives and practices regarding how contextual factors influence KT capacity in NHs. Focus group interviews, participant observations, in‐depth interviews and non‐participant observations provided the data.ResultsTwo main themes and four subthemes were identified. (1) Continuous limited resources are a cultural condition that inhibits KT readiness; prioritising keeping the NH machinery running at all costs and having contrasting care philosophies undermines KT. (2) Organisational prioritisations leave KT as a missing cogwheel in the machinery; retaining a system of fragmented KT strategies and lacking a structure for collective KT effort.ConclusionThe study showed that KT held a minor role in the fast‐paced NH machinery. Contradicting values characterise the NH organisation, resulting in a lack of a common vision and priorities. Building a sustainable KT capacity and providing evidence‐based practice necessitates explicit responsibilities, dedicated resources and robust organisational support. Management has a critical role in strengthening the position of KT. Incorporating KT in daily NH practice can help staff become adaptable and confident, capable of meeting the increasing challenges of advanced care that alleviates suffering and promote the health and well‐being of NH patients.
Lockdowns, vaccines, and the economy: How economic perceptions were shaped during the COVID‐19 pandemic†
Authors: Castro Vítor , Martins Rodrigo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper analyses the economic confidence indicators' reaction to the environment surrounding the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using Eurostat's monthly data for the economic sentiment in European Union countries, we found that, in the COVID‐19 era, confidence and perceptions about the economy are strongly dominated by factors related to the pandemic, more so by policy measures and the vaccination process than by the direct health impact of the coronavirus. This is found to be prevalent across the multiple dimensions of economic sentiment. Moreover, standard macroeconomic variables seem to play a smaller and more marginal role during this period.
Liberalismo y derechos: entre la crisis civilizatoria y la crítica radical
Authors: Mora Cortes Andres Felipe , Barrea Téllez Andrea 
Published: April 2024

Los sistemas políticos liberales se encuentran en crisis. Ciertas posturas atribuyen esta crisis de los sistemas liberales al desgarramiento de los mecanismos de integración y movilidad social sustentados en la búsqueda de la igualdad de oportunidades, el enaltecimiento de la ética del trabajo y la legitimación de las jerarquías resultantes de procesos meritocráticos. El presente artículo sustenta que los problemas de integración no constituyen sino la manifestación intermedia de una crisis civilizatoria más profunda provocada por el despliegue del capitalismo en los mundos de la vida de las personas ¿Puede un compromiso renovado con los derechos devolverle la estabilidad a los sistemas liberales y eliminar las amenazas autoritarias que los agobian? La respuesta a esta pregunta develará una contradicción: rescatar el liberalismo apelando a los derechos, implica que estos objeten la propiedad privada, la democracia representativa y al paradigma del progreso, aspectos que llevarían a una crítica radical del liberalismo mismo. Bajo estas dimensiones críticas, surge la necesidad de pensar el vínculo derechos-democracia bajo criterios otros de dignidad, realización humana y producción de la vida común.
Working Fluid Selection and Thermodynamic Optimization of the Novel Renewable Energy-Based RESTORE Seasonal Storage Technology
Authors: Alfani Dario , Giostri Andrea , Astolfi Marco 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Seasonal-based energy storage is expected to be one of the main options for the decarbonization of the space heating sector by increasing the renewables dispatchability. Technologies available today are mainly based on hot water and can only partially fulfill the efficiency, energy density and affordability requirements. This work analyzes a novel system based on pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) concept to maximize renewables and waste heat exploitation during summer and make them available during winter. Organic fluid-based cycles are adopted for the heat upgrade during hot season (heat pump (HP)) and to produce electricity and hot water during cold season (power unit (PU)). Upgraded thermal energy drives an endothermic reaction producing dehydrated solid salts, which can be stored for months using inexpensive and high energy density solutions. This paper focuses on thermodynamic cycles design, comparing the performance attainable with several working fluids. Two different configurations are investigated: coupled systems, sharing the fluid and heat exchangers in both operating modes, and decoupled systems. A preliminary economic assessment completes the study, including a sensitivity analysis on electricity and heat prices. Cyclopentane is identified as a promising working fluid for coupled systems, reaching competitive round trip efficiencies (RTEs), maximizing the ratio between performance and HX surfaces, without excessive turbomachinery volume ratios and volumetric flows. Economic analysis shows that solutions with lower efficiency, but also lower capital cost, can achieve competitive payback times (PBT). On the contrary, decoupled systems are less attractive, as they reach slightly higher thermodynamic performance, but require higher capital costs, possibly being of interest only in specific applications.
Disease evolution and organ damage accrual in patients with stable UCTD: a long-term monocentric inception cohort
Authors: Tani Chiara , Trentin Francesca , Parma Alice , Zucchi Dina , Cardelli Chiara , Stagnaro Chiara , Elefante Elena , Signorini Viola , Carli Linda , Manca Maria Laura , Mosca Marta 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesUndifferentiated connective tissue diseases (UCTDs) are systemic autoimmune conditions that cannot be diagnosed nor classified as defined CTD; the majority maintains an undifferentiated profile (stable UCTD, sUCTD) over time. Data on long-term outcomes of sUCTD are lacking.MethodsRetrospective longitudinal analysis of an inception cohort of 141 patients with sUCTD.Disease evolution and damage accrual were evaluated at 1, 5 and 10 years. Partial least square (PLS) regression was used to identify the basal variables contributing to damage accrual at 1, 5 and 10 years of follow-up. Trend of damage over time was compared with a cohort of age-matched and sex-matched patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by means of Nelson-Aalen analysis.Results11.3% of patients evolved to a definite CTD after a median 11 years (IQR 6–25) from the first symptom. At last visit, 10% were on glucocorticoids and 6% on immunosuppressive therapy. In 27.3%, at least one item of organ damage was recorded according to the SLICC/DI score (mean score 1.19±0.46). At PLS analysis, age at diagnosis and age at first symptoms were related to damage at 1 year, not taking antimalarials and taking immunosuppressants were associated with damage at 5 years.The mean survival without damage was 9.3 years in sUCTD and 8.4 years in SLE. The 10-year probability without damage was 62% and 23% in SLE and sUCTD, respectively (p=0.015).ConclusionsAlthough less significantly impacted than in patients with SLE, in the long-term UCTDs can accumulate organ damage and evolve into defined connective tissue diseases.
First-line Avelumab plus Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: Results from the Phase Ib/II JAVELIN Chemotherapy Medley Study
Authors: Wheatley Duncan A. , Berardi Rossana , Climent Duran Miguel A. , Tomiak Anna , Greystoke Alastair P. , Joshua Anthony M. , Arkenau Hendrik-Tobias , Géczi Lajos , Corbacho Javier Garciá , Paz-Ares Luis G. , Hussain Syed A. , Petruželka Lubos , Delmonte Angelo , Chappey Colombe , Masters Joanna C. , Michelon Elisabete , Murphy Danielle A. , Mwewa Sandrine , Cesari Rossano , Doger de Spéville Bernard 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Chemotherapy can potentially enhance the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors by promoting immune priming. The phase Ib/II JAVELIN Chemotherapy Medley trial (NCT03317496) evaluated first-line avelumab + concurrent chemotherapy in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma or non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials and Methods:
Avelumab 800 or 1,200 mg was administered continuously every 3 weeks with standard doses of cisplatin + gemcitabine in patients with urothelial carcinoma, or carboplatin + pemetrexed in patients with nonsquamous NSCLC. Dual primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicity (DLT; phase Ib) and confirmed objective response (phase Ib/II).

Results:
In phase Ib, urothelial carcinoma and NSCLC cohorts received avelumab 800 mg (n = 13 and n = 6, respectively) or 1,200 mg (n = 6 each) + chemotherapy. In evaluable patients with urothelial carcinoma treated with avelumab 800 or 1,200 mg + chemotherapy, DLT occurred in 1/12 (8.3%) and 1/6 (16.7%), respectively; no DLT occurred in the NSCLC cohort. In phase II, 35 additional patients with urothelial carcinoma received avelumab 1,200 mg + chemotherapy. Across all treated patients, safety profiles were similar irrespective of avelumab dose. Objective response rates (95% confidence internal) with avelumab 800 or 1,200 mg + chemotherapy, respectively, across phase Ib/II, were 53.8% (25.1–80.8) and 39.0% (24.2–55.5) in urothelial carcinoma, and 50.0% (11.8–88.2) and 33.3% (4.3–77.7) in NSCLC.

Conclusions:
Preliminary efficacy and safety findings with avelumab + chemotherapy in urothelial carcinoma and NSCLC were consistent with previous studies of similar combination regimens. Conclusions about clinical activity are limited by small patient numbers.

Significance:
This phase Ib/II trial evaluated avelumab (immune checkpoint inhibitor) administered concurrently with standard first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma or advanced nonsquamous NSCLC without actionable mutations. Efficacy and safety appeared consistent with previous studies of similar combinations, although patient numbers were small.
Small Paa Frog and Marbled Cascade Frog are not endemic to Nepal: a response to Tachamo-Shah et al. 2023
Authors: Aryal Chandramani 
Published: April 2024

Response to ‘Wetland biodiversity of Ramaroshan Lake complex: a need for conservation’ on JoTT Vol 16 issue 12 <https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.7918.15.12.24299-24320>. Many information in the article promising, highlighting the additional attention the area should receive for conservation. However, there are some aspects, particularly that are related to conservation status and endemism of amphibian species which is misleading, making me to realize to write this response.
Antiarrhythmic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Post-Myocardial Infarction Scar
Authors: Martínez-Falguera Daina , Aranyó Júlia , Teis Albert , Ferrer-Curriu Gemma , Monguió-Tortajada Marta , Fadeuilhe Edgar , Rodríguez-Leor Oriol , Díaz-Güemes Idoia , Roura Santiago , Villuendas Roger , Sarrias Axel , Bazan Victor , Delgado Victoria , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Bisbal Felipe , Gálvez-Montón Carolina 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) is superior to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in reducing the risk of heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death, but its mechanistic data on myocardial scar after myocardial infarction (MI) are lacking. The objective of this work was to assess the effects of Sac/Val on inflammation, fibrosis, electrophysiological properties, and ventricular tachycardia inducibility in post-MI scar remodeling in swine.

METHODS:
After MI, 22 pigs were randomized to receive β-blocker (BB; control, n=8) or BB+Sac/Val (Sac/Val, n=9). The systemic immune response was monitored. Cardiac magnetic resonance data were acquired at 2-day and 29-day post MI to assess ventricular remodeling. Programmed electrical stimulation and high-density mapping were performed at 30-day post MI to assess ventricular tachycardia inducibility. Myocardial samples were collected for histological analysis.

RESULTS:

Compared with BB, BB+Sac/Val reduced acute circulating leukocytes (
P
=0.009) and interleukin-12 levels (
P
=0.024) at 2-day post MI, decreased C-C chemokine receptor type 2 expression in monocytes (
P
=0.047) at 15-day post MI, and reduced scar mass (
P
=0.046) and border zone mass (
P
=0.043). It also lowered the number and mass of border zone corridors (
P
=0.009 and
P
=0.026, respectively), scar collagen I content (
P
=0.049), and collagen I/III ratio (
P
=0.040). Sac/Val reduced ventricular tachycardia inducibility (
P
=0.034) and the number of deceleration zones (
P
=0.016).

CONCLUSIONS:
After MI, compared with BB, BB+Sac/Val was associated with reduced acute systemic inflammatory markers, reduced total scar and border zone mass on late gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and lower ventricular tachycardia inducibility.
Regeneration of Nonhuman Primate Hearts With Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiac Spheroids
Authors: Kobayashi Hideki , Tohyama Shugo , Ichimura Hajime , Ohashi Noburo , Chino Shuji , Soma Yusuke , Tani Hidenori , Tanaka Yuki , Yang Xiao , Shiba Naoko , Kadota Shin , Haga Kotaro , Moriwaki Taijun , Morita-Umei Yuika , Umei Tomohiko C. , Sekine Otoya , Kishino Yoshikazu , Kanazawa Hideaki , Kawagishi Hiroyuki , Yamada Mitsuhiko , Narita Kazumasa , Naito Takafumi , Seto Tatsuichiro , Kuwahara Koichiro , Shiba Yuji , Fukuda Keiichi 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The clinical application of human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) for cardiac repair commenced with the epicardial delivery of engineered cardiac tissue; however, the feasibility of the direct delivery of human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived CMs into the cardiac muscle layer, which has reportedly induced electrical integration, is unclear because of concerns about poor engraftment of CMs and posttransplant arrhythmias. Thus, in this study, we prepared purified human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiac spheroids (hiPSC-CSs) and investigated whether their direct injection could regenerate infarcted nonhuman primate hearts.

METHODS:

We performed 2 separate experiments to explore the appropriate number of human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived CMs. In the first experiment, 10 cynomolgus monkeys were subjected to myocardial infarction 2 weeks before transplantation and were designated as recipients of hiPSC-CSs containing 2×10
7
CMs or the vehicle. The animals were euthanized 12 weeks after transplantation for histological analysis, and cardiac function and arrhythmia were monitored during the observational period. In the second study, we repeated the equivalent transplantation study using more CMs (6×10
7
CMs).

RESULTS:

Recipients of hiPSC-CSs containing 2×10
7
CMs showed limited CM grafts and transient increases in fractional shortening compared with those of the vehicle (fractional shortening at 4 weeks after transplantation [mean ± SD]: 26.2±2.1%; 19.3±1.8%;
P
<0.05), with a low incidence of posttransplant arrhythmia. Transplantation of increased dose of CMs resulted in significantly greater engraftment and long-term contractile benefits (fractional shortening at 12 weeks after transplantation: 22.5±1.0%; 16.6±1.1%;
P
<0.01, left ventricular ejection fraction at 12 weeks after transplantation: 49.0±1.4%; 36.3±2.9%;
P
<0.01). The incidence of posttransplant arrhythmia slightly increased in recipients of hiPSC-CSs containing 6×10
7
CMs.

CONCLUSIONS:
We demonstrated that direct injection of hiPSC-CSs restores the contractile functions of injured primate hearts with an acceptable risk of posttransplant arrhythmia. Although the mechanism for the functional benefits is not fully elucidated, these findings provide a strong rationale for conducting clinical trials using the equivalent CM products.
Assessment of the macrovascular contribution to resting-state fMRI functional connectivity at 3 Tesla
Authors: Zhong Xiaole Z. , Tong Yunjie , Chen J. Jean 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) functional connectivity (FC) mapping, temporal correlation is widely assumed to reflect synchronized neural-related activity. Although a large number of studies have demonstrated the potential vascular effects on FC, little research has been conducted on FC resulting from macrovascular signal fluctuations. Previously, our study found (Tong, Yao, et al., 2019) a robust anti-correlation between the fMRI signals in the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein (and the sagittal sinus). The present study extends the previous study to include all detectable major veins and arteries in the brain in a systematic analysis of the macrovascular contribution to the functional connectivity of the whole-gray matter (GM). This study demonstrates that: (1) The macrovasculature consistently exhibited strong correlational connectivity among itself, with the sign of the correlations varying between arterial and venous connectivity; (2) GM connectivity was found to have a strong macrovascular contribution, stronger from veins than arteries; (3) FC originating from the macrovasculature displayed disproportionately high spatial variability compared to that associated with all GM voxels; and (4) macrovascular contributions to connectivity were still evident well beyond the confines of the macrovascular space. These findings highlight the extensive contribution to rs-fMRI blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) and FC predominantly by large veins, but also by large arteries. These findings pave the way for future studies aimed at more comprehensively modeling and thereby removing these macrovascular contributions.