bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single ventricle infants: outcomes and impact of home monitoring programme enrolment
Authors: Scott Alice E. , Johnson Mark J. , Bharucha Tara , Marino Luise V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Poor weight gain in infants with single ventricle cardiac physiology between stage 1 and stage 2 palliative surgeries is associated with worse outcomes. The growth of infants with single ventricle physiology, enrolled in home monitoring programmes in the United Kingdom, has not been widely described.

Aim:
To explore the growth of infants with single ventricle physiology supported by a home monitoring programme, at a tertiary centre in the South of England.

Methods:
A retrospective review of two cohorts, comparing weight gain amongst infants with single ventricle physiology, before and following the implementation of a home monitoring programme. Inclusion was dependent on a diagnosis compatible with single ventricle physiology during the interstage.

Results:
Enrolment into a home monitoring programme (cohort 2) was associated with 55% more infants being discharged home during the interstage period (p < 0.05). Interstage mortality did not differ between cohorts. There were no differences in interstage growth velocity between cohorts (cohort 1 23.98 ± 11.7 g/day and cohort 2 23.82 ± 8.3 g/day); however, infants in cohort 2 experienced less growth deceleration early in life, and achieved catch-up growth at 12-23 months. Interstage nasogastric feeding, regardless of the cohort, was associated with worse growth outcomes.

Conclusion:
A home monitoring programme for infants with single ventricle physiology provides the opportunity for infants to be safely discharged home to their families and cared for at home during the interstage. Infants in the home monitoring programme experienced better growth, achieving weight restoration at 12–23 months.
Evaluation of cardiac electrophysiological balance index in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ertaş Kerem , Gül Özlem , Yıldırım Ruken , Özalkak Şervan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
The most common cause of morbidity and mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus is cardiovascular system involvement. Sudden death has been reported in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. To analyse the use of the cardiac electrophysiological balance index in predicting ventricular arrhythmias in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus disease.

Methods:
One hundred type 1 diabetes mellitus paediatric patients and 100 healthy children, divided into three groups according to their haemoglobin A1C levels, were included in the study. All participants were evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography, 12-lead electrocardiography, and 24-h Holter after a detailed physical examination. Systolic and diastolic function parameters, electrocardiography intervals, and heart rate variability parameters were evaluated.

Results:
The mean age in the type 1 diabetes mellitus and control groups was 11.52 (± 3.52) and 11.78 (± 3.45) years, respectively. In total, 57% of the type 1 diabetes mellitus group and 56% of the control group were male. The mean haemoglobin A1C value was 9.14% (± 1.79) and the disease duration was 3.71 years (± 3.13). The type 1 diabetes mellitus group had a higher QTc duration, deceleration time duration, A velocity, and a lower E/A ratio than the control group. In the type 1 diabetes mellitus group, Tpe, Tpe/QT ratio, QTc/QRS ratio, Tpe/QRS ratio, Tpe/(QT × QRS) ratio values were significantly higher than in the control group.

Conclusion:
Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus are at risk for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias without valvular disease, ischemic heart disease, or diastolic dysfunction despite normal systolic function. No correlation was found between disease duration, metabolic control, autonomic function parameters, and arrhythmia risk; however, it was associated with diastolic function parameters.
Implementation of a scoring tool and treatment algorithm for necrotising enterocolitis in the CHD population: a novel quality improvement approach
Authors: Furlong-Dillard Jamie M. , Baumgarten Heron , Stone Samantha L. , Feygin Yana , Gabbard Shannon , Foley David , Tzanetos Deanna R. Todd 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Patients with CHD have an increased risk of necrotising enterocolitis, leading to higher mortality compared to infants without necrotising enterocolitis. Current definitions and treatment recommendations are based on premature infants and accepted criteria for diagnosing or treating necrotising enterocolitis in infants with CHD are lacking. We performed a quality improvement project to develop and implement a diagnostic scoring tool and treatment algorithm for necrotising enterocolitis in infants with CHD, aiming to enhance early diagnosis, categorise disease severity, and expedite safe return to enteral feeding.
The scoring tool and algorithm were implemented in children with CHD under six months of age with clinical suspicion of necrotising enterocolitis. Outcome measures included days of nil per os (NPO), duration of antibiotic treatment, time on total parenteral nutrition, and time to full enteral feeding after diagnosis. Balancing measures included progression to surgical necrotising enterocolitis, vasoactive-inotropic score, length of stay, and mortality.
Twenty-seven patients were included (14 preintervention and 13 postintervention) and 39 episodes of necrotising enterocolitis were analysed (19 preintervention and 20 postintervention). In the postintervention group, patients were NPO for fewer days (2 vs. 7 days, p = 0.004), had a shorter duration of antibiotic treatment (3 vs. 7 days, p = 0.02), received total parenteral nutrition for fewer days (0 vs. 20 days, p = 0.01), and returned to full feeds more quickly (8 versus 18 days, p = 0.013) without increased progression to surgical necrotising enterocolitis (3 versus 0, p = 0.11).
Implementation of a novel necrotising enterocolitis scoring tool and treatment algorithm reduced NPO days, antibiotic duration, and time to full feeds without increasing surgical necrotising enterocolitis in infants with CHD.
Prefix priming within and across languages in early and late bilinguals
Authors: Cho Jeonghwa , Brennan Jonathan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In contrast to ample evidence for cross-linguistic priming of monomorphemic words, cross-linguistic representation of affixes is not well understood. The current study examines cross-linguistic prefix priming among early and late English-Spanish bilinguals, focusing on prefixes that have the same form and meaning in the two languages. We first confirm robust prefix priming among English monolingual speakers (Experiment 1). We also observe prefix priming from first-language English to second-language Spanish but only for early bilinguals (Experiment 2). On the other hand, both early and late bilinguals do not show reliable prefix priming effects that are dissociated from orthographic or semantic priming from Spanish to English (Experiment 3) or from Spanish to Spanish (Experiment 4). The results suggest that for early bilinguals, the tested prefixes in their L1 and L2 have shared representations. Less reliable results for late bilinguals may reflect their weaker sensitivity to morphological structure in a second language.
Self-perceived nutrition competence of primary care physicians in Singapore: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chua Andrew Yu Jing , Lee Eng Sing , Lee Poay Sian Sabrina , Lew Jeremy Kaiwei , Sim Sai Zhen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Poor diet is a major contributing factor to the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases. There is a need for effective nutrition care in primary care that manages the bulk of such diseases. This study aimed to describe the self-perceived nutrition competence of primary care physicians (PCPs) in Singapore and to evaluate the associated factors.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study utilizing an anonymous online survey platform was conducted among PCPs from a public primary care institution in Singapore. We collected data on PCPs’ sociodemographic information, previous nutrition education and personal dietary habits, and measured self-perceived nutrition competence using the NUTrition COMPetence (NUTCOMP) questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression was conducted to examine the association between PCPs’ characteristics with their self-perceived nutrition competence.

Results:
Totally, 153 PCPs (45.9%) completed the survey in full. Among the four NUTCOMP constructs, ‘nutrition knowledge’ (2.8 ± 0.6) and ‘nutrition skills’ (2.9 ± 0.6) had the lowest mean scores followed by ‘nutrition communication and counselling’ (3.1 ± 0.6) and ‘attitudes towards providing nutrition care’ (4.3 ± 0.5). PCPs with formal nutrition training had significantly higher NUTCOMP scores compared with those without (β = 10.76, 95%CI:4.57–16.94), and those with 5 to 9 years and more than 10 years of work experience had significantly higher scores than those with less than 5 years (β = 7.62, 95%CI:0.44–14.81, and β = 9.44, 95%CI:2.85–16.04, respectively).

Conclusion:
PCPs had lowest self-perceived confidence in nutrition knowledge and skills. Previous formal nutrition education and a longer primary care work experience were associated with better self-perceived nutrition competence. Future research to better integrate nutrition competencies into formal education programmes may be useful to improve PCPs’ self-perceived nutrition competence.
Spatio‐Seasonal Risk Assessment of Upward Lightning at Tall Objects Using Meteorological Reanalysis Data
Authors: Stucke Isabell , Morgenstern Deborah , Diendorfer Gerhard , Mayr Georg J. , Pichler Hannes , Schulz Wolfgang , Simon Thorsten , Zeileis Achim 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study investigates lightning at tall objects and evaluates the risk of upward lightning (UL) over the eastern Alps and its surrounding areas. While uncommon, UL poses a threat, especially to wind turbines, as the long‐duration current of UL can cause significant damage. Current risk assessment methods overlook the impact of meteorological conditions, potentially underestimating UL risks. Therefore, this study employs random forests, a machine learning technique, to analyze the relationship between UL measured at Gaisberg Tower (Austria) and 35 larger‐scale meteorological variables. Of these, the larger‐scale upward velocity, wind speed and direction at 10 m and cloud physics variables contribute most information. The random forests predict the risk of UL across the study area at a 1 resolution. Strong near‐surface winds combined with upward deflection by elevated terrain increase UL risk. The diurnal cycle of the UL risk as well as high‐risk areas shift seasonally. They are concentrated north/northeast of the Alps in winter due to prevailing northerly winds, and expanding southward, impacting northern Italy in the transitional and summer months. The model performs best in winter, with the highest predicted UL risk coinciding with observed peaks in measured lightning at tall objects. The highest concentration is north of the Alps, where most wind turbines are located, leading to an increase in overall lightning activity. Comprehensive meteorological information is essential for UL risk assessment, as lightning densities are a poor indicator of lightning at tall objects.
Exploring Machine Learning's Potential for Estimating High Resolution Daily Snow Depth in Western Himalaya Using Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Data Sets
Authors: Tanniru Srinivasarao , Singh Dhiraj Kumar , Singh Kamal Kant , Ramsankaran Raaj 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSnow depth (SD) exhibits high spatiotemporal heterogeneity in Western Himalaya (WH), and its knowledge is essential for applications related to water resources, disaster management, climate, etc. However, due to inclement weather and rugged topographical conditions, only a sparse network of SD monitoring stations exists in WH. Spaceborne passive microwave (PMW) remote sensing data sets provides valuable information about SD; however, only a limited PMW SD studies that cover subregions of WH are available. Different machine learning (ML) methods viz. support vector machine, random forest, and Extremely Randomized Trees (ERT) were tested for estimating SD. Based on our preliminary assessment of these ML approaches, the current study utilizes ERT approach to estimate daily SD over the entire WH region. The ERT SD model is developed using PMW brightness temperature data sets from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer‐2 (AMSR‐2), snow cover duration (SCD), and other auxiliary parameters (i.e., location, elevation, vegetation cover, etc.) during the winter period between 2012–2013 and 2019–2020. The data between 2012–2013 and 2017–2018 is used for training the model, whereas the data between 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 is used for testing the model. The results demonstrate: (a) The ERT SD model has shown improved SD estimates compared to the available PMW remote sensing‐based operational SD products and empirical PMW SD models. (b) In general, with an increase in SD, the mean absolute error of SD retrievals has increased in all SD products/models. (c) Unlike the operational AMSR2 SD product, and Northern Hemisphere Machine Learning SD product, the ERT SD model retrievals have shown better consistency with MODIS snow cover. (d) The developed model has shown a wider range in SD retrievals as compared to other products considered in this study.
Propagation of EMIC Waves From Shabansky Orbits in the Dayside Magnetosphere
Authors: Kim Eun‐Hwa , Shiraiwa Syun'ichi , Johnson Jay R. , Bertelli Nicola , Vines Sarah K. , Kim Khan‐Hyuk , Engebretson Mark , Kim Hyomin , O'ffill Carson 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe explore the characteristics of EMIC waves generated in a non‐dipole, compressed magnetic field at the minimum of the magnetic field. We conducted 2D full‐wave simulations using the Petra‐M code, focusing on a compressed magnetic field in the outer dayside magnetosphere for a range of L values . By comparing the simulation results with MMS observations, we aim to understand how the observed wave characteristics are affected by a shifting source region across different L‐shells. Our findings indicate that the direction of the Poynting vector systematically changes depending on the local source location of the wave, which is consistent with the observations. EMIC waves propagate along the magnetic field line and reach both the northern and southern hemispheres; however, there is a notable difference in the power of EMIC waves between the two hemispheres, indicating seasonal asymmetries in their occurrence.
Climate Variability in the Gulf of California Over the Last 1,300 years
Authors: Harris Kira D. , Tierney Jessica E. , Muñoz Samuel E. , Anchukaitis Kevin J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe North American Monsoon influences the ecosystems and hydroclimate of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. This is a geographically complex region, including the narrow Gulf of California adjacent to the Sierra Madre Occidental. Alongside this complexity, unreliable gridded data products, a lack of long instrumental observations, and limited high‐resolution paleoclimate records from the core monsoon region prevent a complete understanding of the variability and drivers of this system on time scales from decades to millennia. Here we generate new proxy records of warm‐season sea‐surface temperature (SST, based on alkenone ) and terrestrial hydroclimate (based on plant wax hydrogen isotopes) from Gulf of California (GoC) sediment cores spanning 744 to 1980 CE. Although the GoC is an important source of monsoon moisture, we find no one‐to‐one correlation between SST and our hydroclimate reconstruction over the full time period. Spectral analyses revealed a prominent multicentennial oscillation in the SST reconstruction, as well as multidecadal modes in both records. There is a small cooling trend over the full SST reconstruction, but no clearly delineated Medieval Climate Anomaly or Little Ice Age. Colder periods in our SST reconstruction appear to be associated with periods of increased volcanism, but there is no definitive solar signal. Multidecadal climate variability in this region is likely linked to broader patterns of unforced variability in the Pacific Ocean‐atmosphere system, but any coupling between monsoon strength and Gulf of California SST over the Common Era appears to be complex.
A Quintessential Strike‐Slip Contractional Duplex: Deciphering the Geometric Kinematics of the Elashan Fault, NE Margin of Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Liu Jinrui , Ren Zhikun , Min Wei , Li Zhimin , Zhang Zhiliang , Zhang Chi , Wu Dengyun , Zhu Xiaoxiao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHigh‐resolution three‐dimensional (3D) data is pivotal for capturing the intricacies of fault geometry and the subtleties of offset geomorphic markers, providing essential constraints for delineating the spatial characteristics of active faults. By integrating various techniques, we can harness the full spectrum of advantages they offer in acquiring high‐resolution topographic information, thereby enhancing our ability to discern and interpret the complex architecture of fault systems. The geometric structure, and segmentation characteristics of the Elashan fault, located between the Haiyuan and Eastern Kunlun faults, are not yet fully understood, which impeded our comprehensive understanding of the plateau's expansion and deformation process. We use high‐resolution, multi‐scale topographic data to decipher the geometric kinematics of the Elashan fault. We conclude that diverse contractional structures, such as leading and trailing contractional imbricate fans, a contractional duplex, and a dextral left‐stepping restraining bend develop along different segments of the Elashan fault. The geometric and kinematic model of the Elashan fault aligns with that of a typical strike‐slip contractional duplex, accommodating the differences in north‐south crustal shortening on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, thus forming a diverse array of strike‐slip compressional tectonic deformation features. We also re‐estimated the slip rate of the Elashan fault in the Xianquan segment to be 2.3–2.9 mm/yr, higher than the result of 1.1 ± 0.3 mm/yr by Yuan et al. (2011), (https://doi.org/10.1130/b30315.1). The significant slip rate on the dextral strike‐slip fault, coupled with the nearly EW‐trending thrust faults, implies substantial interaction within the Haiyuan‐Kunlun “block.”
Acyl-CoA thioesterase 8 induces gemcitabine resistance via regulation of lipid metabolism and antiferroptotic activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Bo-rui , Wang Ting , Hu Hai-feng , Wu Di , Zhou Chen-jie , Ji Shun-rong , Zhuo Qi-feng , Li Zheng , Wang Zhi-liang , Fan Gui-xiong , Jing De-sheng , Yu Chong-yuan , Qin Yi , Chen Xue-min , Xu Jun-feng , Xu Xiao-wu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) comprises a group of highly malignant tumors of the pancreas. Metabolic reprogramming in tumors plays a pivotal role in promoting cancer progression. However, little is known about the metabolic alterations in tumors that drive cancer drug resistance in patients with PDAC. Here, we identified acyl-CoA thioesterase 8 (ACOT8) as a key player in driving PDAC gemcitabine (GEM) resistance. The expression of ACOT8 is significantly upregulated in GEM-resistant PDAC tissues and is closely associated with poor survival in patients with PDAC. Gain- and loss-of-function studies have shown that ACOT8 drives PDAC GEM resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ACOT8 regulates cellular cholesterol ester (CE) levels, decreases the levels of phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) that bind to polyunsaturated fatty acids and promote peroxisome activation. The knockdown of ACOT8 promotes ferroptosis and increases the chemosensitivity of tumors to GEM by inducing ferroptosis-associated pathway activation in PDAC cell lines. The combination of orlistat, an ACOT8 inhibitor, and GEM significantly inhibited tumor growth in PDAC organoid and mouse models. This study reveals the biological importance of ACOT8 and provides a potential combination therapy for treating patients with advanced GEM-resistant PDAC.
Vulnerability of benthic trait diversity across the Mediterranean Sea following mass mortality events
Authors: Carlot J. , Galobart C. , Gómez-Gras D. , Santamaría J. , Golo R. , Sini M. , Cebrian E. , Gerovasileiou V. , Ponti M. , Turicchia E. , Comeau S. , Rilov G. , Tamburello L. , Pulido Mantas T. , Cerrano C. , Ledoux J. B. , Gattuso J.-P. , Ramirez-Calero S. , Millan L. , Montefalcone M. , Katsanevakis S. , Bensoussan N. , Garrabou J. , Teixidó N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Unraveling the functional future of marine ecosystems amid global change poses a pressing challenge. This is particularly critical in the Mediterranean Sea, which is highly impacted by global and local drivers. Utilizing extensive mass mortality events (MMEs) datasets spanning from 1986 to 2020 across the Mediterranean Sea, we investigated the trait vulnerability of benthic species that suffered from MMEs induced by nine distinct mortality drivers. By analyzing changes in ten ecological traits across 389 benthic species—constituting an extensive compendium of Mediterranean ecological traits to date—we identified 228 functional entities (FEs), defined as groups of species sharing the same trait values. Our findings indicate that of these 55 FEs were impacted by MMEs, accentuating a heightened vulnerability within specific trait categories. Notably, more than half of the mortality records showed severe impacts on calcifying and larger species with slower growth which mostly account for tree-like and massive forms. Altogether, we highlight that 29 FEs suffered extreme mortality, leading to a maximum increase of 19.1% of the global trait volume vulnerability over 35 years. We also reveal that 10.8% of the trait volume may have been temporarily lost over the last five years, emphasizing the risk of a rapid ecological transformation in the Mediterranean Sea.
Pandemic monitoring with global aircraft-based wastewater surveillance networks
Authors: St-Onge Guillaume , Davis Jessica T. , Hébert-Dufresne Laurent , Allard Antoine , Urbinati Alessandra , Scarpino Samuel V. , Chinazzi Matteo , Vespignani Alessandro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aircraft wastewater surveillance has been proposed as a new approach to monitor the global spread of pathogens. Here we develop a computational framework providing actionable information for the design and estimation of the effectiveness of global aircraft-based wastewater surveillance networks (WWSNs). We study respiratory diseases of varying transmission potential and find that networks of 10–20 strategically placed wastewater sentinel sites can provide timely situational awareness and function effectively as an early warning system. The model identifies potential blind spots and suggests optimization strategies to increase WWSN effectiveness while minimizing resource use. Our findings indicate that increasing the number of sentinel sites beyond a critical threshold does not proportionately improve WWSN capabilities, emphasizing the importance of resource optimization. We show, through retrospective analyses, that WWSNs can notably shorten detection time for emerging pathogens. The approach presented offers a realistic analytic framework for the analysis of WWSNs at airports.