bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic diagnosis of parotid gland lesions: Correlation with the results of sonographically guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Kovačević Dragica Obad , Fabijanić Iris 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPurposeThe aim was to assess the value of ultrasound (US) in differentiating benign from malignant parotid gland lesions.MethodsDuring a 3‐year period, US‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy was performed on 89 parotid lesions with a size ≥5 mm in 68 patients. In 80 (90%) lesions, specimens were adequate for cytologic analysis. We recorded the seven following US parameters: size, number, echogenicity, echotexture, margins' clarity, distal acoustic enhancement, and regional lymph node enlargement.ResultsFine‐needle aspiration biopsy revealed 18 (22%) malignant tumors, 30 (38%) benign tumors, and 32 (40%) nonneoplastic lesions. The mean size of the malignant tumors was 25 ± 17 mm versus 27 ± 17 mm for benign tumors versus 21 ± 12 mm for nonneoplastic lesions (p > 0.05). Among 33 solitary tumors, 9 were malignant tumors and 24 were benign tumors. The majority of the parotid lesions were hypoechoic. The US feature that was most often associated with a benign lesion was distal acoustic enhancement. The US features that suggested malignancy were a heterogeneous echotexture, indistinct margins, and regional lymph node enlargement.ConclusionUS can aid in the differentiation of parotid gland tumors, although benign and malignant parotid tumors often have a similar sonographic appearance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Fetal bowel calcifications: A sign of anal atresia with rectourethral fistula
Authors: Khatib Nizar , Belossesky Ron , Marwan Odeh , Weiner Zeev 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFetal bowel calcifications were observed at 24 weeks of gestation in a male fetus, suggesting an anorectal malformation (ARM) with rectourethral fistula. At birth, the newborn presented with complex ARM including anal atresia, rectourethral fistula, and esophageal atresia. The prenatal sonographic visualization of calcifications within distended bowel should raise the suspicion of ARM including anal atresia and rectourethral fistula, the presence of such calcification depending on the timing of onset of fistula formation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Functional morphology of the gills of the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, a lamnid shark
Authors: Wegner Nicholas C. , Sepulveda Chugey A. , Olson Kenneth R. , Hyndman Kelly A. , Graham Jeffrey B. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study examines the functional gill morphology of the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, to determine the extent to which its gill structure is convergent with that of tunas for specializations required to increase gas exchange and withstand the forceful branchial flow induced by ram ventilation. Mako gill structure is also compared to that of the blue shark, Prionace glauca, an epipelagic species with lower metabolic requirements and a reduced dependence on fast, continuous swimming to ventilate the gills. The gill surface area of the mako is about one‐half that of a comparably sized tuna, but more than twice that of the blue shark and other nonlamnid shark species. Mako gills are also distinguished from those of other sharks by shorter diffusion distances and a more fully developed diagonal blood‐flow pattern through the gill lamellae, which is similar to that found in tunas. Although the mako lacks the filament and lamellar fusions of tunas and other ram‐ventilating teleosts, its gill filaments are stiffened by the elasmobranch interbranchial septum, and the lamellae appear to be stabilized by one to two vascular sacs that protrude from the lamellar surface and abut sacs of adjacent lamellae. Vasoactive agents and changes in vascular pressure potentially influence sac size, consequently effecting lamellar rigidity and both the volume and speed of water through the interlamellar channels. However, vascular sacs also occur in the blue shark, and no other structural elements of the mako gill appear specialized for ram ventilation. Rather, the basic elasmobranch gill design and pattern of branchial circulation are both conserved. Despite specializations that increase mako gill area and efficacy relative to other sharks, the basic features of the elasmobranch gill design appear to have limited selection for a larger gill surface area, and this may ultimately constrain mako aerobic performance in comparison to tunas. J. Morphol. 271:937–948, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uni‐molecular detection and quantification of selected β‐lactam antibiotics with a hybrid α‐hemolysin protein pore
Authors: Asandei Alina , Apetrei Aurelia , Luchian Tudor 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSingle‐nanopores have recently been used to electrically detect a wide range of analytes. Similarly, using electrophysiology, we demonstrate how a system comprised of an ion channel formed by α‐hemolysin (α‐HL) and single‐cyclic γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD) molecule permits the detection of, and differentiation between three different antibiotics from the β‐lactam family. Specifically, histograms of the time between the successive binding events, and the residence time distributions of the antibiotic in the γ‐CD molecular adapter vary with the antibiotic type. The results show that the association times of amoxicillin, azlocillin, and ampicillin are τon = 2.1 ± 0.2, 2.2 ± 0.3, and 3.1 ± 0.4 ms, respectively. Interestingly, we found that the residence time of the bulkier and negatively charged azlocillin (τoff = 0.008 ± 0.0005 ms) is much less than that of ampicillin (τoff = 0.07 ± 0.005 ms) and amoxicillin (τoff = 0.1 ± 0.02 ms), even though the γ‐CD–α‐HL complex is anionic selective. The data were also used to estimate the standard free energy of binding between ampicillin to γ‐CDs binding (−12 kcal mol−1). The difference in association times might be due to γ‐CDs‐imposed steric hindrance or an energetically more expensive desolvation step for the antibiotics to gain access to the binding site in the CD. We suggest that this technique may be used to detect other analytes used in pharmaceutical applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantification of Mitragyna inermis alkaloids in order to perform pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Sinou Veronique , Fiot Julien , Taudon Nicolas , Mosnier Joël , Martelloni Maryse , Bun Sok S. , Parzy Daniel , Ollivier Evelyne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn Africa, Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) O. Kuntze (Rubiaceae) is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat malaria. Antimalarial activity is mostly due to the hydromethanolic extract of M. inermis leaves and especially to the main alkaloids, uncarine D and isorhynchophilline. In the present study, we describe for the first time an HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of uncarine D and isorhynchophylline in biological matrices. SPE was used to extract the components and the internal standard naphthalene from human and pig plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C‐18 reversed column at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, using methanol–phosphate buffer (10:90, pH 7), as a mobile phase. Good linearity was observed over the concentration ranges of 0.0662–3.31 μg/mL for uncarine D and 0.0476–2.38 μg/mL for isorynchophylline. The precision was less than 12% and the accuracy was from 86 to 107% without any discrepancy between the two species. Uncarine D and isorhynchophylline recoveries were over 80%. These results allowed the quantification of both uncarine D and isorhynchophylline in pig plasma after intravenous administration of M. inermis extract.
Capillary electrophoretic and nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the opposite affinity pattern of propranolol enantiomers towards various cyclodextrins
Authors: Servais Anne‐Catherine , Rousseau Anne , Fillet Marianne , Lomsadze Ketevan , Salgado Antonio , Crommen Jacques , Chankvetadze Bezhan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn the present study the migration order of the propranolol enantiomers with various native CDs and neutral and charged CD derivatives was examined in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The reversal of the enantiomer migration order was observed due to sulfation of β‐CD on its primary hydroxy groups. The structures of intermolecular selector‐select and temporary diastereomeric associates in solution were elucidated based on 1D rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (1D ROESY) experiments. Major structural differences were observed between the propranolol complexes with native β‐CD and heptakis(6‐O‐sulfo)‐β‐CD.
Investigation of the pH‐dependent complex formation between β‐cyclodextrin and dipeptide enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and calorimetry
Authors: Terekhova Irina V. , Hammitzsch‐Wiedemann Manuela , Shi Yuan , Sungthong Bunleu , Scriba Gerhard K. E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe effect of pH on complex formation between β‐CD and the enantiomers of the dipeptides Ala‐Phe, Ala‐Tyr and Asp‐PheOMe was investigated at 298.15 K by CE and calorimetry. β‐CD displayed a higher enantioselectivity toward the protonated peptides compared to their zwitterionic forms. While stronger binding of the dd‐enantiomers than the ll‐stereoisomers were found by calorimetry regardless of the ionization state of the peptides, essentially equal complexation constants of the enantiomers were determined by CE for the zwitterionic species of the peptides. The reversal of the enantiomer migration order observed in CE was attributed primarily to a stereoselective complexation‐induced pKa shift. In calorimetry, complexation of the protonated dd‐enantiomers by β‐CD was accompanied by higher enthalpy and entropy changes resulting in more stable complexes compared to the ll‐peptides. The enthalpy and entropy of complexation was affected by pH and peptide structure.
Reductive Degradation Behavior of Bioreducible Poly(disulfide amine) for Enhancing SiRNA Efficiency
Authors: Kim Sun Hwa , Ou Mei , Bull David A. , Kim Sung Wan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBioreducible cationic polymer poly(CBA‐DAH) containing repeated disulfide linkages on the polymer backbone was synthesized through Michael‐type polyadditions of CBA to DAH monomers. Poly(CBA‐DAH) could spontaneously form nanoscale polyelectrolyte complexes through electrostatic interactions with siRNA in an aqueous phase. These nanoparticles were rapidly degraded under the reductive cytoplasmic environment with subsequently releasing the siRNA cargo into the cytoplasm where RNAi takes place, as a result of the breakdown of disulfide bonds in the polymers. The reductive degradation behavior of the poly(CBA‐DAH)/siRNA polyplexes is more likely to increase RNAi activity with enhancing the cytoplasmic localization of siRNA molecules. Poly(CBA‐DAH) may have great potential as a gene carrier especially for therapeutic applications of siRNAs owing to the reductive degradation characteristics.magnified image
Large Scale Preparation of Palladium Nanoparticles Loaded Polyaniline Nanostructures through Seed Induced Bulk Polymerization
Authors: Komathi Shanmugasundaram , Palaniappan Subramanian , Manisankar Paramasivam , Gopalan Anantha Iyengar , Lee Kwang‐Pill 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe report the large scale preparation of nanostructured polyaniline‐Pd nanoparticles composites (designated as PANI(NS)‐PdNPs) through a “seed” induced bulk polymerization. Initially, a small quantity of PANI(NS)‐PdNPs was formed inside the cavities of MCM‐41 and used as the “seed” for the bulk preparation of PANI(NS)‐PdNPs composite. For a comparative purpose a PANI‐PdNPs composite was also prepared in the absence of the seed. FESEM image of PANI(NS)‐PdNPs composite (bulk) shows nanofibrillar morphology. Further, transmission electron microscopy reveals the presence of spherical Pd nanoparticles. PANI(NS)‐PdNPs composite (bulk) showed a good catalytic activity towards reduction of 4‐nitrophenol.magnified image
Soil moisture modelling and validation at an agricultural site in Norfolk using the Met Office surface exchange scheme (MOSES)
Authors: Kong Xin , Dorling Steve , Smith Roderick 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThere is an urgent need for improved soil moisture measurements and modelling due to the relevance of surface moisture to the local energy balance (and hence, for example, air temperature forecasting) to flood prediction and to a range of agricultural applications including plant stress and accessibility of heavy machinery onto the land. The UK Met Office Surface Exchanges Scheme (MOSES) represents land surface processes in the Met Office's Unified Model (MetUM). In this research, MOSES was used to simulate soil moisture over an agricultural site in Norfolk, United Kingdom and validate the model estimations against ground truth soil moisture measurements. Two versions of the MOSES model have been used: the Stand‐Alone MOSES (for site‐specific modelling) and the Nimrod nowcasting products (5 km grid data) based on MOSES Probability Distributed Moisture (MOSES‐PDM). The validation results show that both versions of MOSES perform well in soil moisture estimations in general. However, the MOSES model produces a relatively large seasonal bias in the late summer and autumn seasons and the Nimrod‐MOSES‐PDM tends to underestimate soil moisture in general. A model sensitivity study shows that the soil parameters are most likely to contribute to the errors. In addition, the MOSES model treats the vegetation fraction as a constant throughout a year over agricultural fields, which was found partly to cause the seasonal bias. Recommendations on how to improve MOSES soil moisture estimation are discussed, as are the likely application benefits. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Communicating the value of atmospheric services
Authors: Thornes John , Bloss William , Bouzarovski Stefan , Cai Xiaoming , Chapman Lee , Clark Julian , Dessai Suraje , Du Sen , der Horst Dan van , Kendall Michaela , Kidd Chris , Randalls Samuel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe atmosphere is one of the most valuable resources on the planet and yet because it is largely invisible it tends to be taken for granted and is increasingly being exploited and commodified. This paper presents 12 Atmospheric Services that are vital to human well‐being and the existence of the biosphere. The Total Economic Value of the atmosphere is estimated to be at least between 100 and 1000 times the Gross World Product (GWP was approximately £43 Trillion in 2008). It is only by appreciating the value of the atmosphere to society that we can understand how we need to communicate sustainable management of the atmosphere and treat it as a global commons. It is also important to realize which Atmospheric Services are currently under threat. Only by appreciating the full range of services provided by the atmosphere can the real cost of geo‐engineering the climate be calculated. Before geo‐engineering of the climate can ever be considered seriously a Law of the Atmosphere will be required. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Morphological, hemodynamical and hemorheological changes of mature artificial saphenous arterio‐venous shunts in the rat model
Authors: Hever Timea , Nemeth Norbert , Brath Endre , Toth Laszlo , Kiss Ferenc , Sajtos Erika , Matyas Lili , Szaszko Janos , Drimba Laszlo , Peitl Barna , Csiki Zoltan , Miko Iren , Furka Istvan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractArtificial femoral arterio‐venous (AV) shunts are widely used in rodent models for studying shunt maturation and to optimize various surgical techniques. However, little is known about complex circulatory, microcirculatory, and hemorheological effects of end‐to‐side saphenous AV shunts. We aimed to study these parameters in mature AV shunts. Studying these questions in CD rats, end‐to‐side anastomoses were made between the left saphenous artery and vein. On the right‐side the nonoperated saphenous vessels served as own control. Furthermore healthy control animals were also investigated. On the 8th to 12th postoperative week microcirculatory and blood flow measurements were performed and blood samples were taken both from the shunt's arterial and venous limbs and from the nonoperated side vessels. Hematological parameters, erythrocyte aggregation, and deformability were determined. The entire shunt and the control vessels were removed for histological examinations. The skin microcirculation on shunt side slightly increased on thigh and decreased on paws versus the nonoperated side. Blood flow measurements made directly on the vessels showed that arterial to venous blood flow rate ratio was 1.59 ± 0.29 on nonoperated side and 1.2 ± 0.13 on the shunt side, and 1.49 ± 0.05 in control animals. Erythrocyte aggregation and deformability worsened on the shunt side. Histologically increased number of smooth muscle elements and connective tissue were found in venous limb of the shunts. The artificial AV shunt between the saphenous artery and vein seems to be a suitable model for further functional‐morphological and hemorheological examinations of hemodialysis in various states and diseases. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:649–656, 2010.
Reconstruction of lateral through and through oro‐mandibular defects following oncological resections
Authors: Bianchi Bernardo , Ferri Andrea , Ferrari Silvano , Copelli Chiara , Boni Pietro , Baj Alessandro , Sesenna Enrico 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground: Resections of oromandibular squamous cell carcinoma involving lateral mandible, oral cavity, and the skin, lead to composite oromandibular defects that can be approached in several ways depending on the extension of the bone defect, of the soft tissue and cutaneous resection, the patient's general status and the prognosis. Purpose of the study is to evaluate retrospectively functional and esthetic outcome obtained with different reconstructive technique employed. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 42 patients has been performed. The study population consisted of 24 males (57.1%) and 18 females (42.9%), ranging in age from 25 to 81 years (mean, 62.6 years). The primary location of the tumor was the mandibular alveolar crest (18 cases), retromolar trigon (9), floor of the mouth (8), cheek (5), and oral commissure (2). For reconstruction a single free flap technique was used eight times; a double free flap technique, seven times; free and locoregional flap association, 25 times; and a single locoregional flap and two associated locoregional flaps, one time each. Postoperative follow‐up ranged from 12 to 144 months. Final results were evaluated with regards to deglutition, speech, oral competence, and esthetic outcome. Results: When free bone‐containing flaps or two free flaps technique were used, the functional results were better (normal diet, 67%–71%; good oral competence, 100%–71%; good or intelligible speech, 100%–86%). When free and locoregional flap association was chosen, the esthetic results were best (excellent, 76%; acceptable 24%; poor 0%). The worst results were obtained with the use of a single free soft tissue flap and with the use of single or double locoregional flap technique. Conclusion: Bone reconstruction of the lateral mandible is indicated whenever possible. In elderly or poor prognosis patients acceptable results can be achieved with free soft tissue flaps techniques. When the defect involves different structures of the oral cavity, the best results are provided by the association of two free flaps. Finally, the association of free and locoregional flaps is a good option for external coverage reconstruction. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:517–525, 2010.
Application of LC–NMR to the identification of bulk drug impurities in NK1 antagonist GW597599 (vestipitant)
Authors: Provera Stefano , Guercio Giuseppe , Turco Lucilla , Curcuruto Ornella , Alvaro Giuseppe , Rossi Tino , Marchioro Carla 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLiquid chromatography‐NMR (LC–NMR) spectroscopy was used to obtain detailed information regarding the structure of the major bulk drug impurities present in GW597599 (vestipitant). The one‐dimensional 1H LC–NMR experiments were performed in both continuous and stop‐flow modes on a sample of GW597599 (vestipitant) enriched with mother liquor impurities. The information derived from both LC–NMR and LC–MS data provided the structural information of all major impurities. The full characterisation of the impurities by high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy was ultimately performed on appropriately synthesised compounds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow‐enhanced off‐resonance saturation for remote detection of iron‐based contrast agents
Authors: Krämer Philipp , Helluy Xavier , Kampf Thomas , Lang Esra , Jakob Peter M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA switchable contrast mechanism, flow enhanced off‐resonance saturation, is presented. This technique combines the effects of flow and off‐resonance saturation for remote detection of iron oxide contrast agents incorporated into a vessel wall. Initial results from phantom experiments are presented and show the feasibility of this method. A specific saturation contrast could be observed. This contrast mechanism is highly dependent on field homogeneity and spectral selectivity of the off‐resonance saturation pulses. The contrast scales directly with the pulse offset of the used saturation pulses, the flow velocity in the vessel, and the duration of the off‐resonance saturation module prior to the imaging sequence. This technique has the potential to detect iron‐loaded atherosclerotic plaques in future in vivo applications. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feature analysis of hyperpolarized helium‐3 pulmonary MRI: A study of asthmatics versus nonasthmatics
Authors: Tustison Nicholas J. , Altes Talissa A. , Song Gang , de Lange Eduard E. , Mugler John P. , Gee James C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA computational framework is described that was developed for quantitative analysis of hyperpolarized helium‐3 MR lung ventilation image data. This computational framework was applied to a study consisting of 55 subjects (47 asthmatic and eight normal). Each subject was imaged before and after respiratory challenge and also underwent spirometry. Approximately 1600 image features were calculated from the lungs in each image. Both the image and 27 spirometric features were ranked based on their ability to characterize clinical diagnosis using a mutual information‐based feature subset selection algorithm. It was found that the top image features perform much better compared with the current clinical gold‐standard spirometric values when considered individually. Interestingly, it was also found that spirometric values are relatively orthogonal to these image feature values in terms of informational content. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemOffice Ultra 2000 Teil 2: Chem3D, ChemFinder und Plug‐Ins
Authors: Ihlenfeldt Wolf–Dieter 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDet „Blickpunkt Chemie und Computer”︁ im vorigen Heft brachte eine Übersicht über die Komponenten des Chem‐Office‐Pakets; das Kernprogramm ChemDraw 5.0 wurde ausführlich besprochen. Neben dieser Standardapplikation enthält ChemOffice noch etliche weitere Bausteine, die hier näher unter die Lupe genommen werden.
Neue Techniken der Thermischen Analyse zur Polymercharakterisierung
Authors: Utschick Hermann , Soergel Fritz 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNach stürmischer methodischer Entwicklung im Verlauf der letzten Jahrzehnte stehen heute leistungsfähige und komfortable Apparaturen der Thermischen Analyse insbesondere für die Polymerchemie und ‐physik zur Verfügung.
Recruiting on Campus: Erste Frankfurter Kontaktbörse
Authors: Heigel Erik 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIm November 1999 fand im Biozentrum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität in Frankfurt a.M. die Erste Frankfurter Kontaktbörse statt. Die JCF‐Regionalgruppe Frankfurt a.M. hatte sie zusammen mit dem Hochschulteam des Arbeitsamtes Frankfurt and der Fachschaft Biologie der Frankfurter Universität organisiert und durchgeführt.