bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of stillbirth in low‐middle income countries: A Global Network Study
Authors: MCCLURE ELIZABETH M. , PASHA OMRANA , GOUDAR SHIVAPRASAD S. , CHOMBA ELWYN , GARCES ANA , TSHEFU ANTOINETTE , ALTHABE FERNANDO , ESAMAI FABIAN , PATEL ARCHANA , WRIGHT LINDA L. , MOORE JANET , KODKANY BHALCHANDRA S. , BELIZAN JOSE M. , SALEEM SARAH , DERMAN RICHARD J. , CARLO WALDEMAR A. , HAMBIDGE K. MICHAEL , BUEKENS PIERRE , LIECHTY EDWARD A. , BOSE CARL , KOSO‐THOMAS MARION , JOBE ALAN H. , GOLDENBERG ROBERT L. ,   on behalf of the Global Network Investigators*
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective. To determine population‐based stillbirth rates and to determine whether the timing and maturity of the stillbirths suggest a high proportion of potentially preventable deaths. Design. Prospective observational study. Setting. Communities in six low‐income countries (Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Zambia, Guatemala, India, and Pakistan) and one site in a mid‐income country (Argentina). Population. Pregnant women residing in the study communities. Methods. Over a five‐year period, in selected catchment areas, using multiple methodologies, trained study staff obtained pregnancy outcomes on each delivery in their area. Main outcome measures. Pregnancy outcome, stillbirth characteristics. Results. Outcomes of 195 400 deliveries were included. Stillbirth rates ranged from 32 per 1 000 in Pakistan to 8 per 1 000 births in Argentina. Three‐fourths (76%) of stillbirth offspring were not macerated, 63% were ≥37 weeks and 48% weighed 2 500g or more. Across all sites, women with no education, of high and low parity, of older age, and without access to antenatal care were at significantly greater risk for stillbirth (p<0.001). Compared to those delivered by a physician, women delivered by nurses and traditional birth attendants had a lower risk of stillbirth. Conclusions. In these low‐middle income countries, most stillbirth offspring were not macerated, were reported as ≥37 weeks’ gestation, and almost half weighed at least 2 500g. With access to better medical care, especially in the intrapartum period, many of these stillbirths could likely be prevented.
Bacterial vaginosis: what is physiological in vaginal bacteriology? An update and opinion
Authors: LEPPÄLUOTO PENTTI A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBacterial vaginosis (BV) was originally described as a sexually transmitted infection caused by a single microbe. The prevailing concept describes BV as a polymicrobial coitus‐associated disease of uncertain origin. In this overview the natural history of BV as a monobacterial and polymicrobial entity is examined with respect to the physiological concept of BV in relation to sexual behavior before and after introduction of the hormonal contraceptive pill. Bacterial vaginosis, characterized by low vaginal acidity (elevated pH) and replacement of vaginal Lactobacillus by Gardnerella vaginalis flora, could be caused by unprotected intercourse when a low pH changes through the neutralizing power of male ejaculate, vaginal coital transudate and vaginal neurogenic transudate. A monobacterial form, G. vaginalis vaginitis, could be a physiological post‐coital condition for protection of ejaculated spermatozoa, characterized by ‘pure’Gardnerella flora and elevated pH as an immediate result of an incidental unprotected coital act through neutralization of vaginal acid and replacement of Lactobacillus by Gardnerella flora. A polymicrobial form of BV could be autoinfection of the post‐coital physiological G. vaginalis flora, characterized by a mixture of G. vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis and anaerobic bacteria at lower vaginal acidity, possibly resulting from suppression of normal vaginal acidity through repeated sexual acts, with a resultant higher pH and transfer of enteric bacteria from the perianal region. Monobacterial and polymicrobial auto‐infectious forms of BV may be clinically distinct and share a common origin. The understanding of BV as a basic physiological entity could influence the prophylaxis and treatment of the largely therapy‐resistant polymicrobial BV.
Influence of two barrier membranes on staged guided bone regeneration and osseointegration of titanium implants in dogs. Part 2: augmentation using bone graft substitutes
Authors: Mihatovic Ilja , Becker Jürgen , Golubovic Vladimir , Hegewald Andrea , Schwarz Frank 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Objectives: To assess the influence of two barrier membranes and two bone graft substitutes on staged guided bone regeneration and osseointegration of titanium implants in dogs.
Materials and methods: Saddle‐type defects were prepared in the lower jaws of 6 fox hounds and randomly filled with a natural bone mineral (NBM) and a biphasic calcium phosphate (SBC) and allocated to either an in situ gelling polyethylene glycol (PEG) or a collagen membrane (CM). At 8 weeks, modSLA titanium implants were inserted and left to heal in a submerged position. At 8+2 weeks, respectively, dissected blocks were processed for histomorphometrical analysis (e.g., mineralized tissue [MT], bone‐to‐implant contact [BIC]).
Results: The mean MT values (mm2) and BIC values (%) tended to be higher in the PEG groups (MT: NBM [3.4±1.7]; SBC [4.2±2]/BIC: NBM [67.7±16.9]; SBC [66.9±17.8]) when compared with the corresponding CM groups (MT: NBM [2.5±0.8]; SBC [2.3±1.6]/BIC: NBM [54.1±22.6]; SBC [61±8.7]). These differences, however, did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusion: It was concluded that all augmentation procedures investigated supported bone regeneration and staged osseointegration of modSLA titanium implants.
To cite this article: Mihatovic I, Becker J, Golubovic V, Hegewald A, Schwarz F. Influence of two barrier membranes on staged guided bone regeneration and osseointegration of titanium implants in dogs. Part 2: augmentation using bone graft substitutes. Clin Oral Impl Res. 23, 2012; 308–315. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02238.x
Effect of thread size on the implant neck area: preliminary results at 1 year of function
Authors: Kang Young‐Il , Lee Dong‐Won , Park Kwang‐Ho , Moon Ik‐Sang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the effect of the coronal thread size on the marginal bone loss around the fixtures, when both implants were provided with threads to the top of fixture.Materials and methodsTwo groups of implants, one with a macro‐thread to the top of the fixture (A) and the other with a micro‐thread to the top of the fixture (B), were placed adjacent to each other in the partially edentulous areas of 20 patients. Bone loss around each implant was analyzed after 1 year of functional loading. The bone losses after loading were compared using Wilcoxon's signed‐rank test.ResultsThe mean marginal bone losses (A, 0.154 ± 0.144 mm; B, 0.125 ± 0.136 mm) were not statistically significant between the two groups (P = 0.669).ConclusionsThere was no significant difference between implant with macro‐ and micro‐neck thread in terms of marginal bone loss after 1 year of loading.
Coronally advanced flap adjunct with low intensity laser therapy: a randomized controlled clinical pilot study
Authors: Ozturan Seda , Durukan Sulhi Andac , Ozcelik Onur , Seydaoglu Gulsah , Cenk Haytac Mehmet 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAimCoronally advanced flap (CAF) technique and its modifications have been proposed in the literature. Low intensity laser therapy (LILT) is shown to increase wound healing. The aim of this split‐mouth randomized controlled pilot study was to assess the effects of LILT with respect to root coverage after CAF procedure for the treatment of multiple‐recession type defects (MRTD).Material and MethodsTen patients with symmetrical 74 Miller I and II gingival recessions were included in this study (37 in test, 37 in control group). A diode laser (588 nm) was applied to test sites before and immediately after surgery, and for 5 min. daily 7 days post‐operatively. Comparisons of the surgical sites were made with clinical measurements.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed between test and control sites in the gingival recession depth (GRD), gingival recession width (GRW) and width of the keratinized tissue (WKT) and clinical attachment level (CAL) measurements after 1 year (p = 0.014, p = 0.015, p = 0.009 and p = 0.018 respectively). The test group presented greater complete root coverage (n = 7, 70%) compared with the control group (n = 3, 30%) after treatment.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, the results indicated that LILT may improve the predictability of CAF in multiple recessions.
Periodontitis is associated with angiographically verified coronary artery disease
Authors: Buhlin Kåre , Mäntylä Päivi , Paju Susanna , Peltola Jaakko S. , Nieminen Markku S. , Sinisalo Juha , Pussinen Pirkko J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated the association of periodontitis and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) as verified using coronary angiography.Material and MethodsParticipants were recruited among those attending coronary angiography at Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland, in 2007 and 2008. Detailed clinical periodontal examination [number of teeth, bleeding on probing, periodontal probing depth (PPD)] and oral panoramic radiographs [alveolar bone loss (ABL), angular bone defects] were performed.ResultsOf 506 patients, 123 (24.3%) had no significant CAD, whereas 184 (36.4%) had stable CAD and 169 (33.4%) acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Both stable CAD and ACS were associated with 8–17 missing teeth with ORs 4.33 (1.61–11.7, p = 0.020) and 5.24 (1.90–14.5, p = 0.014), and more than seven teeth with PPD ≥6 mm with ORs 2.44 (1.01–6.07, p = 0.049) and 2.75 (1.16–6.53, p = 0.022) respectively. Severe ABL was associated with ACS with an OR 5.39 (1.23–23.6, p = 0.025). Number of stenosed arteries was linearly associated with ABL (p for trend <0.001), number of missing teeth (p < 0.001), and pockets with probing depth ≥6 mm (p = 0.033).ConclusionsCompared with patients with no significant stenosis, poor periodontal health including missing teeth, periodontal inflammation, and bone loss is associated with angiographically verified coronary artery narrowing in patients with stable CAD or ACS.
A phase IIa randomized controlled clinical and histological pilot study evaluating rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP for periodontal regeneration
Authors: Stavropoulos Andreas , Windisch Peter , Gera Istvan , Capsius Björn , Sculean Anton , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAimThe primary objective of this study was to clinically and histologically evaluate periodontal wound healing/regeneration following surgical implantation of recombinant human growth/differentiation factor‐5 (rhGDF‐5) adsorbed onto a particulate β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) carrier rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP into periodontal defects in man.Material & MethodsTwenty chronic periodontitis patients, each with at least one tooth scheduled for extraction exhibiting a probing depth ≥6 mm and an associated intra‐bony defect ≥4 mm participated in the study upon written informed consent. Subjects (one defect/patient) were randomized to receive open flap debridement (OFD) + rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP (n = 10) or OFD alone (control; n = 10). Block biopsies of the defect sites were collected at 6 months post‐surgery and prepared for the histological evaluation. Two masked examiners evaluated the deepest aspect of each defect site relative to bone (height/area), periodontal ligament (PDL) and cementum regeneration, and residual β‐TCP.ResultsSites receiving rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP showed numerically greater PD reduction (3.7 ± 1.2 versus 3.1 ± 1.8 mm; p = 0.26), less gingival recession (0.5 ± 0.8 versus 1.4 ± 1.0 mm; p < 0.05) and greater clinical attachment level (CAL) gain (3.2 ± 1.7 versus 1.7 ± 2.2 mm; p = 0.14) at the deepest aspect of the defect compared with OFD alone. One biopsy in the rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP and four biopsies in the OFD group were deemed as not evaluable. Histologically, bone regeneration height was almost threefold greater for the rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP treatment compared with OFD alone (2.19 ± 1.59 versus 0.81 ± 1.02 mm; p = 0.08). Similarly an almost twofold increase was observed for PDL (2.16 ± 1.43 versus 1.23 ± 1.07 mm; p = 0.26), cementum (2.16 ± 1.43 versus 1.23 ± 1.07 mm; p = 0.26) and bone regeneration area (0.74 ± 0.69 versus 0.32 ± 0.47 mm2; p = 0.14). Root resorption/ankylosis was not observed. Residual β‐TCP occupied 8.4 ± 11.5% of the area of interest in biopsies of patients receiving rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP. Five biopsies (one rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP, four OFD) were deemed unsuitable to allow a meaningful histological or histometrical evaluation.ConclusionsDescriptive statistics showed greater PD reduction and CAL gain, and greater alveolar bone regeneration and periodontal regeneration at sites that received rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP compared to control. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Future studies with larger sample sizes will have to be conducted to verify these findings.
Skin hydration and cooling effect produced by the Voltaren® vehicle gel
Authors: Hug Agnes M. , Schmidts Thomas , Kuhlmann Jens , Segger Dörte , Fotopoulos Grigorios , Heinzerling Johanna 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundVoltaren vehicle gel is the carrier substance of the topical Voltaren products. This vehicle gel is especially formulated to be easily applied on the skin, while providing some sensory benefits. The present study aims to substantiate the widely perceived hydrating and cooling effect of Voltaren vehicle gel.MethodsVolar forearm skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured and user satisfaction was evaluated by questionnaires, after application in 31 healthy, female volunteers. The cooling effect was investigated for 40 min with thermal imaging on 12 forearm sites of six healthy subjects.ResultsVoltaren vehicle gel application increased skin hydration by 13.1% (P = 0.0002) when compared with the untreated site, 8 h after the final treatment after 2 weeks. TEWL decreased on both treated (0.37 g/m2/h) and untreated (0.74 g/m2/h) forearm sites after 2 weeks (8 h after last treatment), demonstrating a relative increase of 6.5% in water loss. Voltaren vehicle gel application resulted in a rapid reduction of skin surface temperature by 5.1°C after only 3 min with an average maximum reduction of 5.8°C after 10 min. The cooling effect was experienced by 94% subjects, while 74% felt that their skin became softer. No adverse events, including skin irritation, were reported during the study and by the 37 participants.ConclusionThis study showed a statistically significant increase in skin hydration as well as a rapid cooling effect lasting approximately 30 min, after application of Voltaren vehicle gel. The small relative increase in water loss may be attributed to an additional skin surface water loss secondary to the increased water content brought into the skin by the Voltaren vehicle gel. The use did not induce any skin irritation and was found acceptable to use by the majority of participants.
‘Children are exposed to temptation all the time’– parents’ lifestyle‐related discussions in focus groups
Authors: Stenhammar C , Wells M , Åhman A , Wettergren B , Edlund B , Sarkadi A 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim: To explore parents’ perspectives on providing their preschool child with a healthy lifestyle, including obstacles and resources.Methods: Five semi‐structured focus group interviews were conducted, with 30 parents of 4‐year‐olds in Sweden. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Systematic Text Condensation.Results: Four themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: Lifestyle –‘The way you live is parents’ responsibility’, Challenges to promote children’s healthy lifestyle, Support from professionals, and peers might facilitate, and Request for an overall responsibility from society. Parents felt that they were role models for their child’s lifestyle, a concept including many factors. Attractive and tempting sedentary activities and unhealthy foods were perceived as obstacles, and parents were frustrated by the media’s contradictory lifestyle messages. Child health services were expected to more actively invite parents to discuss their child’s lifestyle issues. Parents desired some collective responsibility for children’s lifestyles through agencies, services and media messages that support and promote healthy choices.Conclusion: Parents struggled to give their children a healthy lifestyle and the ‘temptations’ of daily unhealthy choices causing hassles and conflicts. Parents desired professional support from preschool, Child Health Care and a collective responsibility from society with uniform guidelines. Parents groups were mentioned as peer support.
The influence of mandibular implant‐retained overdentures in masticatory efficiency
Authors: Neto Arcelino Farias , de Farias Pereira Brunna Moreira , Xitara Rafael Lopes , Germano Adriano Rocha , Ribeiro Jaiane Augusta Medeiros , Mestriner Junior Wilson , da Fonte Porto Carreiro Adriana 
Published: September 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00539.xThe influence of mandibular implant‐retained overdentures in masticatory efficiencyObjective:  To evaluate the masticatory efficiency of patients rehabilitated with conventional dentures (CDs) or implant‐retained mandibular overdentures.Background:  Despite the evident benefits of implants on mastication as assessed by subjective patient‐based outcomes, the extent of implant overdenture treatment effect on food comminution is not well established.Materials and methods:  A randomised clinical trial was carried out with 29 completely edentulous patients divided into two groups. The first group was rehabilitated with a mandibular overdenture retained by two splinted implants with bar‐clip system, while the second group was rehabilitated with a mandibular CD. Both groups also were rehabilitated with maxillary CDs. Masticatory efficiency and patient satisfaction were assessed 3 months after denture insertion. Masticatory efficiency was evaluated through the colorimetric method with the beads as the artificial test‐food. Comparisons for masticatory efficiency and patient satisfaction were performed using Student’s t‐test (α = 0.05).Results:  No significant statistical difference was found for masticatory efficiency (p = 0.198). Patient overall satisfaction was significantly higher for the mandibular overdenture (p < 0.001). In addition, mandibular overdenture patients were significantly more satisfied with chewing experience (p < 0.05) and retention of the lower denture (p < 0.005).Conclusion:  The results of this study suggest that mandibular overdenture significantly improves chewing experience, although limited effect on masticatory efficiency has been observed.
Prevalence of troublesome symptoms related to temporomandibular disorders and awareness of bruxism in 65‐ and 75‐year‐old subjects
Authors: Unell Lennart , Johansson Anders , Ekbäck Gunnar , Ordell Sven , Carlsson Gunnar E. 
Published: September 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00558.xPrevalence of troublesome symptoms related to temporomandibular disorders and awareness of bruxism in 65‐ and 75‐year‐old subjectsObjective:  To assess the prevalence of three troublesome temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms and awareness of bruxism in two cohorts of subjects aged 65 and 75 years.Background:  Epidemiological studies have demonstrated varying prevalence of TMD symptoms. The results concerning elderly people are inconclusive.Material and methods:  In 2007 identical questionnaires were sent to all subjects born in 1942 and 1932 living in two Swedish counties. The response rate was 73.1% for the 65‐ and 71.9% for the 75‐year‐old subjects, totally 9093 subjects.Results:  The great majority reported no or only a few TMD problems. Less than 4% considered their TMD symptoms to be rather great or severe. The mean prevalence of TMD‐related symptoms and bruxism was greater in women than in men in both age groups. The 75‐year‐old women reported a marked lower prevalence of TMD symptoms and bruxism than the 65‐year‐old women, whereas the age differences were small among the men. Self‐reported bruxism was associated with a higher prevalence of TMD symptoms.Conclusions:  The great majority of the subjects did not report any troublesome TMD related symptoms. However, 5.4% of the 65‐year‐old women and 3.8% of the 75‐year‐old women considered their symptoms severe or rather severe.
Stage‐specific changes in the levels of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and its receptor in the biological fluid and organ of mouse fetuses
Authors: Matsumoto Akihiro , Hatta Toshihisa , Ono Atsuki , Hashimoto Ryuju , Otani Hiroki 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGranulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine that has neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions. However, its function in the mid‐ to late‐gestational fetus remains unclear. We used enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to analyze GM‐CSF levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, and amniotic fluid of mouse fetuses. We also examined GM‐CSF and receptor α (GM‐CSFRα) levels in the fetal brain, liver, and placenta. GM‐CSF peaked between embryonic day (E) 14 and E15 in the CSF. GM‐CSF level was higher in the fetal serum than in the dam serum on E13 and decreased thereafter. GM‐CSF and GM‐CSFRα levels peaked between E13 and E15 in the brain. These results suggest that GM‐CSF plays stage‐ and organ‐specific roles in fetal development.
Assessing toxicities of industrial effluents and 1,4‐dioxane using sulphur‐oxidising bacteria in a batch test
Authors: Gurung Anup , Kim Sang‐Hun , Joo Jin Ho , Jang Min , Oh Sang‐Eun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this study, the qualities of the final effluents from nine different industries (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I) discharging 1,4‐dioxane mainly as effluents were assessed using sulphur‐oxidising bacteria (SOB) as a test micro‐organism in batch mode. Results showed that effluent from industry ‘B’ was the most toxic of all the effluents tested, followed by E, C and A effluents. An EC50 value of 13% was obtained for effluent from B, whereas with E, C and A effluents, the EC50 values of 23%, 25% and 29% were found, respectively. Similarly, batch tests were performed in order to evaluate the potential for 1,4‐dioxane to inhibit growth on SOB. The lowest test concentration of 1,4‐dioxane (12 μg/L) resulted in 17% of inhibition of SOB, whereas the highest test concentration (3.125 mg/L) resulted in > 75% of the inhibition. An EC50 value of 0.105 mg/L was obtained for 1,4‐dioxane.
Monte Carlo‐based flood modelling framework for estimating probability weighted flood risk
Authors: Kalyanapu A.J. , Judi D.R. , McPherson T.N. , Burian S.J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study presents a new Monte Carlo‐based flood inundation modelling framework for estimating probability weighted flood risk using a computationally efficient graphics processing unit (GPU) two dimensional (2D) hydraulic model. The 2D flood model is programmed in the GPU framework providing a unique ability to run numerous simulations in a short period of time, permitting the integration of 2D hydraulic modelling into Monte Carlo analysis. The framework operates by performing many 2D flood simulations of randomly sampled input parameters to develop a spatially varied flood hazard map. The probabilistic framework is demonstrated using a 1% annual probability flood event and simulating 1000 different flood simulations by randomly selected peak flows of the Swannanoa River in Buncombe County, USA. The results, in general, display benefits of probabilistic flood risk approach compared with a single simulation approach. The latter approach underestimated 28% of flood risk relative to the former. As the number of simulations increased from 1 to 1000, areas identified as low danger and judgment zone increased by 87.4% and 36.8% respectively, whereas the high danger zone increased by 9.3%. In conclusion, the new Monte Carlo flood risk modelling framework has the ability to provide improved accuracy of flood risk and greater insight into the spatial distribution of flood risk.