bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiviral Protection and the Importance of Wolbachia Density and Tissue Tropism in Drosophila simulans
Authors: Osborne Sheree E. , Iturbe-Ormaetxe Iï¿½aki , Brownlie Jeremy C. , O'Neill Scott L. , Johnson Karyn N. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Wolbachia
, a maternally transmitted endosymbiont of insects, is increasingly being seen as an effective biological control agent that can interfere with transmission of pathogens, including dengue virus. However, the mechanism of antiviral protection is not well understood. The density and distribution of
Wolbachia
in host tissues have been implicated as contributing factors by previous studies with both mosquitoes and flies.
Drosophila
flies infected with five diverse strains of
Wolbachia
were screened for the ability to mediate antiviral protection. The three protective
Wolbachia
strains were more closely related and occurred at a higher density within whole flies than the two nonprotective
Wolbachia
strains. In this study, to further investigate the relationship between whole-fly
Wolbachia
density and the ability to mediate antiviral protection, tetracycline was used to decrease the abundance of the high-density, protective
Wolbachia
strain
w
Au prior to viral challenge. Antiviral protection was lost when the density of the protective
Wolbachia
strain was decreased to an abundance similar to that of nonprotective
Wolbachia
strains. We determined the
Wolbachia
density and distribution in tissues of the same five fly-
Wolbachia
combinations as used previously. The
Wolbachia
density within the head, gut, and Malpighian tubules correlated with the ability to mediate antiviral protection. These findings may facilitate the development of
Wolbachia
biological control strategies and help to predict host-
Wolbachia
pairings that may interfere with virus-induced pathology.
Draft Genome Sequence and Comparative Analysis of the Superb Aromatic-Hydrocarbon Degrader Rhodococcus sp. Strain DK17
Authors: Yoo Miyoun , Kim Dockyu , Choi Ki Young , Chae Jong-Chan , Zylstra Gerben J. , Kim Eungbin 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Rhodococcus
sp. strain DK17 is capable of utilizing various derivatives of benzene and bicyclics containing both aromatic and alicyclic moieties as sole carbon and energy sources. Here, we present the 9,107,362-bp draft genome sequence of DK17 and its genomic analysis in comparison with other members of the genus
Rhodococcus
.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Metabolically Versatile Halophilic Archaeon Haloferax mediterranei, a Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-
co
-3-Hydroxyvalerate) Producer
Authors: Han Jing , Zhang Fan , Hou Jing , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Ming , Liu Hailong , Cai Lei , Zhang Bing , Chen Yaping , Zhou Jian , Hu Songnian , Xiang Hua 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Haloferax mediterranei
, an extremely halophilic archaeon, has shown promise for production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-
co
-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) from unrelated cheap carbon sources. Here we report the complete genome (3,904,707 bp) of
H. mediterranei
CGMCC 1.2087, consisting of one chromosome and three megaplasmids.
Genome Sequence of Pediococcus pentosaceus Strain IE-3
Authors: Midha Samriti , Ranjan Manish , Sharma Vikas , Kumari Annu , Singh Pradip Kumar , Korpole Suresh , Patil Prabhu B. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

We report the 1.8-Mb genome sequence of
Pediococcus pentosaceus
strain IE-3, isolated from a dairy effluent sample. The whole-genome sequence of this strain will aid in comparative genomics of
Pediococcus pentosaceus
strains of diverse ecological origins and their biotechnological applications.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Persicivirga Bacteriophages, P12024S and P12024L
Authors: Kang Ilnam , Jang Hani , Cho Jang-Cheon 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

The phylum
Bacteroidetes
is one of the major bacterial phyla in marine environments, where bacteriophages are highly abundant. Bacteriophages infecting members of the phylum
Bacteroidetes
, however, have not been well represented in public genome databases. Here we announce the genome sequences of two bacteriophages, P12024S and P12024L, that were isolated from coastal seawater and lytically infect
Persicivirga
sp. IMCC12024, a marine
Bacteroidete
s bacterium.
Emergency cricothyroidotomy performed by inexperienced clinicians—surgical technique versus indicator-guided puncture technique
Authors: Helm Matthias , Hossfeld Björn , Jost Christian , Lampl Lorenz , Böckers Tobias 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundTo improve the ease and safety of cricothyroidotomy especially in the hand of the inexperienced, new instruments have been developed. In this study, we compared a new indicator-guided puncture technique (PCK) with standard surgical technique (ST) regarding success rate, performance time and complications.MethodsCricothyroidotomy in 30 human cadavers performed by 30 first year anaesthesia residents. The set chosen for use was randomised: PCK-technique (n=15) and ST (n=15). Success rates, insertion times and complications were compared. Traumatic lesions were anatomically confirmed after dissection.ResultsThe ST-group had a higher success rate (100% vs 67%; p=0.04). There was no difference in time taken to complete the procedure (PCK 82 s. vs ST 95 s.; p=0.89). There was a higher complication rate in the PCK-group (67% vs 13%; p=0.04). Most frequent complication in the PCK-group was injury to the posterior tracheal wall (n=8), penetration to the oesophageal lumen (n=4) and injury to the thyroid and/or cricoid cartilage (n=5). In the ST-group in only 2 cases minor complications were observed (small vessel injury).ConclusionsIn this human cadaver study the PCK technique produced more major complications and more failures than the ST. In the hand of the inexperienced operator the standard surgical approach seems to be a safe procedure, which can successfully be performed within an adequate time. The PCK technique cannot be recommended for inexperienced operators.
The Antioxidant Tempol Reduces Carcinogenesis and Enhances Survival in Mice When Administered after Nonlethal Total Body Radiation
Authors: Mitchell James B. , Anver Miriam R. , Sowers Anastasia L. , Rosenberg Philip S. , Figueroa Maria , Thetford Angela , Krishna Murali C. , Albert Paul S. , Cook John A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
There is significant interest in the development of agents that can ameliorate radiation damage after exposure to radiation has occurred. Here we report that chronic supplementation of the antioxidant Tempol in the diet of mice can reduce body weight without toxicity, decrease cancer, and extend survival when administered after nonlethal total body radiation (TBI). These effects were apparent in two different strains of mice (C3H, CBA) exposed to TBI (3 Gy). Notably, delaying administration of the Tempol diet one month after TBI could also enhance survival. Tempol reduced the incidence of hematopoietic neoplasms (lymphomas) in both strains, whereas both the onset and incidence of nonhematopoietic neoplasms were reduced in CBA mice. These results encourage further study of Tempol as a chemopreventive, to reduce the incidence of radiation-induced second malignancies after a course of definitive radiation therapy. Tempol may also find applications to reduce the risk of cancers in populations exposed to nonlethal radiation due to nuclear accidents or terrorist attacks. Cancer Res; 72(18); 4846–55. ©2012 AACR.
Bilateral paroxysmal cephalalgia: A novel indomethacin-responsive primary headache syndrome?
Authors: Bakar Norazah Abu , Chard Declan , Matharu Manjit S 
Published: July 2012

Introduction: Paroxysmal hemicrania (PH) is a primary headache disorder characterised by frequent, short-lasting, very severe, strictly unilateral attacks occurring in association with cranial autonomic features. A striking feature of this disorder is its clear response to indomethacin. Case report: In contrast to this stereotypic presentation, we describe a man with indomethacin-responsive headaches that have a temporal profile similar to that of PH but whose attacks have a bilateral distribution without associated cranial autonomic features. Discussion: There have been several case reports of patients presenting with short-lasting, frequent, bilateral headaches responding to indomethacin, without cranial autonomic features. These cases have been described as representing bilateral PH although strict unilaterality of pain and cranial autonomic phenomena are cardinal features of PH. These cases may represent a novel indomethacin-responsive syndrome and therefore, for now, should be studied separately from PH until their pathophysiological basis is better understood.
Overexpression of cell cycle regulator CDCA3 promotes oral cancer progression by enhancing cell proliferation with prevention of G1 phase arrest
Authors: Uchida Fumihiko , Uzawa Katsuhiro , Kasamatsu Atsushi , Takatori Hiroaki , Sakamoto Yosuke , Ogawara Katsunori , Shiiba Masashi , Tanzawa Hideki , Bukawa Hiroki 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Cell division cycle associated 3 (CDCA3), part of the Skp1-cullin-F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase, refers to a trigger of mitotic entry and mediates destruction of the mitosis inhibitory kinase. Little is known about the relevance of CDCA3 to human malignancy including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We aimed to characterize the expression state and function of CDCA3 in OSCC.

Methods
We evaluated CDCA3 mRNA and protein expression in both OSCC-derived cell lines and primary OSCCs and performed functional analyses of CDCA3 in OSCC-derived cells using the shRNA system.

Results
The CDCA3 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels was frequently up-regulated in all cell lines examined and primary tumors (mRNA, 51/69, 74 %; protein, 79/95, 83 %) compared to normal controls (p < 0.001). In contrast, no significant level of CDCA3 protein expression was seen in oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) (n = 20) compared with the expression in OSCCs. Among the clinical variables analyzed, the CDCA3 expression status was closely related to tumor size (p < 0.05). In addition, suppression of CDCA3 expression with shRNA significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited cellular proliferation compared with the control cells by arresting cell-cycle progression at the G1 phase. Further, there was up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p21Cip1, p27Kip1, p15INK4B, and p16INK4A) in the knockdown cells.

Conclusion
The current results showed that overexpression of CDCA3 occurs frequently during oral carcinogenesis and this overexpression might be associated closely with progression of OSCCs by preventing the arrest of cell-cycle progression at the G1 phase via decreased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.
Biological activities of extracts from Chenopodium ambrosioides Lineu and Kielmeyera neglecta Saddi
Authors: Sousa Zulane Lima , de Oliveira Fernando Faustino , da Conceição Aline Oliveira , Silva Luiz Alberto Mattos , Rossi Maria Helena , Santos Julianada Silva , Andrioli João Luciano 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background

Chenopodium ambrosioides and Kielmeyera neglecta are plants traditionally used in Brazil to treat various infectious diseases. The study of the biological activities of these plants is of great importance for the detection of biologically active compounds.

Methods
Extracts from these plants were extracted with hexane (Hex), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and ethanol (EtOH) and assessed for their antimicrobial properties, bioactivity against Artemia salina Leach and antifungal action on the cell wall of Neurospora crassa.

Results
Extracts from C. ambrosioides (Hex, DCM and EtOH) and K. neglecta (EtOAc and EtOH) showed high bioactivity against A. salina (LD50 < 1000 μg/mL), which might be associated with cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. C. ambrosioides Hex and DCM showed specific activity against yeasts, highlighting the activity of hexanic extract against Candida krusei (MIC = 100 μg/mL). By comparing the inhibitory concentration of 50% growth (IC 50%) with the growth control, extracts from K. neglecta EtOAc and EtOH have shown activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300), with IC 50% of 12.5 μg/mL The assay carried out on N. crassa allowed defining that extracts with antifungal activity do not have action through inhibition of cell wall synthesis.

Conclusions
Generally speaking, extracts from C. ambrosioides and K. neglecta showed biological activities that have made the search for bioactive substances in these plants more attractive, illustrating the success of their use in the Brazilian folk medicine.
Design and Evaluation of a new mechatronic platform for assessment and prevention of fall risks
Authors: Bassi Luciani Lorenzo , Genovese Vincenzo , Monaco Vito , Odetti Luca , Cattin Emanuele , Micera Silvestro 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Studying the responses in human behaviour to external perturbations during daily motor tasks is of key importance for understanding mechanisms of balance control and for investigating the functional response of targeted subjects. Experimental platforms as far developed entail a low number of perturbations and, only in few cases, have been designed to measure variables used at run time to trigger events during a certain motor task.

Methods
This work introduces a new mechatronic device, named SENLY, that provides balance perturbations while subjects carry out daily motor tasks (e.g., walking, upright stance). SENLY mainly consists of two independently-controlled treadmills that destabilize balance by suddenly perturbing belts movements in the horizontal plane. It is also provided with force sensors, which can be used at run time to estimate the ground reaction forces and identify events along the gait cycle in order to trigger the platform perturbation. The paper also describes the customized procedures adopted to calibrate the platform and the first testing trials aimed at evaluating its performance.

Results
SENLY allows to measure both vertical ground reaction forces and their related location more precisely and more accurately than other platforms of the same size. Moreover, the platform kinematic and kinetic performance meets all required specifications, with a negligible influence of the instrumental noise.

Conclusion
A new perturbing platform able to reproduce different slipping paradigms while measuring GRFs at run time in order to enable the asynchronous triggering during the gait cycle was designed and developed. Calibration procedures and pilot tests show that SENLY allows to suitably estimate dynamical features of the load and to standardize experimental sessions, improving the efficacy of functional analysis.
Canine and feline parasitic zoonoses in China
Authors: Chen Jia , Xu Min-Jun , Zhou Dong-Hui , Song Hui-Qun , Wang Chun-Ren , Zhu Xing-Quan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCanine and feline parasitic zoonoses have not been given high priority in China, although the role of companion animals as reservoirs for zoonotic parasitic diseases has been recognized worldwide. With an increasing number of dogs and cats under unregulated conditions in China, the canine and feline parasitic zoonoses are showing a trend towards being gradually uncontrolled. Currently, canine and feline parasitic zoonoses threaten human health, and cause death and serious diseases in China. This article comprehensively reviews the current status of major canine and feline parasitic zoonoses in mainland China, discusses the risks dogs and cats pose with regard to zoonotic transmission of canine and feline parasites, and proposes control strategies and measures.
Hyaluronan injection in murine osteoarthritis prevents TGFbeta 1-induced synovial neovascularization and fibrosis and maintains articular cartilage integrity by a CD44-dependent mechanism
Authors: Li Jun , Gorski Daniel J , Anemaet Wendy , Velasco Jennifer , Takeuchi Jun , Sandy John D , Plaas Anna 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Introduction
The mechanism by which intra-articular injection of hyaluronan (HA) ameliorates joint pathology is unknown. Animal studies have shown that HA can reduce synovial activation, periarticular fibrosis and cartilage erosion; however, its specific effects on the different cell types involved remain unclear. We have used the TTR (TGFbeta1 injection and Treadmill Running) model of murine osteoarthritis (OA), which exhibits many OA-like changes, including synovial activation, to examine in vivo tissue-specific effects of intra-articular HA.

Methods
The kinetics of clearance of fluorotagged HA from joints was examined with whole-body imaging. Naïve and treated knee joints were examined macroscopically for cartilage erosion, meniscal damage and fibrosis. Quantitative histopathology was done with Safranin O for cartilage and with Hematoxylin & Eosin for synovium. Gene expression in joint tissues for Acan, Col1a1, Col2a1, Col3a1, Col5a1, Col10a1, Adamts5 and Mmp13 was done by quantitative PCR. The abundance and distribution of aggrecan, collagen types I, II, III, V and X, ADAMTS5 and MMP13 were examined by immunohistochemistry.

Results
Injected HA showed a half-life of less than 2 h in the murine knee joint. At the tissue level, HA protected against neovascularization and fibrosis of the meniscus/synovium and maintained articular cartilage integrity in wild-type but not in Cd44 knockout mice. HA injection enhanced the expression of chondrogenic genes and proteins and blocked that of fibrogenic/degradative genes and proteins in cartilage/subchondral bone, whereas it blocked activation of both groups in meniscus/synovium. In all locations it reduced the expression/protein for Mmp13 and blocked Adamts5 expression but not its protein abundance in the synovial lining.

Conclusions
The injection of HA, 24 h after TGFbeta1 injection, inhibited the cascade of OA-like joint changes seen after treadmill use in the TTR model of OA. In terms of mechanism, tissue protection by HA injection was abrogated by Cd44 ablation, suggesting that interaction of the injected HA with CD44 is central to its protective effects on joint tissue remodeling and degeneration in OA progression.
The gene expression landscape of breast cancer is shaped by tumor protein p53 status and epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Fredlund Erik , Staaf Johan , Rantala Juha K , Kallioniemi Olli , Borg Åke , Ringnér Markus 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Gene expression data derived from clinical cancer specimens provide an opportunity to characterize cancer-specific transcriptional programs. Here, we present an analysis delineating a correlation-based gene expression landscape of breast cancer that identifies modules with strong associations to breast cancer-specific and general tumor biology.

Methods
Modules of highly connected genes were extracted from a gene co-expression network that was constructed based on Pearson correlation, and module activities were then calculated using a pathway activity score. Functional annotations of modules were experimentally validated with an siRNA cell spot microarray system using the KPL-4 breast cancer cell line, and by using gene expression data from functional studies. Modules were derived using gene expression data representing 1,608 breast cancer samples and validated in data sets representing 971 independent breast cancer samples as well as 1,231 samples from other cancer forms.

Results
The initial co-expression network analysis resulted in the characterization of eight tightly regulated gene modules. Cell cycle genes were divided into two transcriptional programs, and experimental validation using an siRNA screen showed different functional roles for these programs during proliferation. The division of the two programs was found to act as a marker for tumor protein p53 (TP53) gene status in luminal breast cancer, with the two programs being separated only in luminal tumors with functional p53 (encoded by TP53). Moreover, a module containing fibroblast and stroma-related genes was highly expressed in fibroblasts, but was also up-regulated by overexpression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors such as transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and Snail in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells. Strikingly, the stroma transcriptional program related to less malignant tumors for luminal disease and aggressive lymph node positive disease among basal-like tumors.

Conclusions
We have derived a robust gene expression landscape of breast cancer that reflects known subtypes as well as heterogeneity within these subtypes. By applying the modules to TP53-mutated samples we shed light on the biological consequences of non-functional p53 in otherwise low-proliferating luminal breast cancer. Furthermore, as in the case of the stroma module, we show that the biological and clinical interpretation of a set of co-regulated genes is subtype-dependent.
The role of the design of tibial components and stems in knee replacement
Authors: Scott C. E. H. , Biant L. C. 
Published: July 2012

Stems improve the mechanical stability of tibial components in total knee replacement (TKR), but come at a cost of stress shielding along their length. Their advantages include resistance to shear, reduced tibial lift-off and increased stability by reducing micromotion. Longer stems may have disadvantages including stress shielding along the length of the stem with associated reduction in bone density and a theoretical risk of subsidence and loosening, peri-prosthetic fracture and end-of-stem pain. These features make long stems unattractive in the primary TKR setting, but often desirable in revision surgery with bone loss and instability. In the revision scenario, stems are beneficial in order to convey structural stability to the construct and protect the reconstruction of bony defects. Cemented and uncemented long stemmed implants have different roles depending on the nature of the bone loss involved.This review discusses the biomechanics of the design of tibial components and stems to inform the selection of the component and the technique of implantation.
A reappraisal of functional reconstruction of extension of the knee following quadriceps resection or loss
Authors: Lo S. J. , Yeo M. , Puhaindran M. , Hsu C. C. , Wei F. C. 
Published: July 2012

The current indications for functional restoration of extension of the knee following quadriceps resection or loss require reappraisal. The contribution of pedicled and free functional muscle transfer is likely to be over-emphasised in many studies, with good functional outcomes predominantly reported only in the context of cases with residual quadriceps function. In cases with total quadriceps resection or loss, all forms of reconstruction perform poorly. Furthermore, in smaller resections with loss of two or fewer components of the quadriceps, minimal impairment of function occurs in the absence of functional reconstruction, suggesting that functional restoration may not be warranted. Thus there is a paradox in the current approach to quadriceps reconstruction, in that small resections are likely to be over-treated and large resections remain under-treated.This review suggests a shift is required in the approach and rationale for reconstructing functional extension of the knee after quadriceps resection or loss. A classification based on current evidence is suggested that emphasises more clearly the indications and rationale for functional transfers.