bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium dobesilate in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial
Authors: Rabe E , Jaeger K A , Bulitta M , Pannier F 
Published: April 2011

Objective To test the efficacy of calcium dobesilate (CaD) in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Method Double-blind, parallel groups, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial in adult patients with symptomatic CVI and pitting oedema. Wearing of compression stockings Class II was admitted. During treatment period of eight weeks, the patients received CaD 3 × 500 mg/day or placebo. The leg volume calculation was based on a truncated cone model. Results A total of 256 patients was randomized to treatment (dobesilate: n = 132, placebo: n = 124); the demographic and anamnestic data at admission were comparable in the two therapeutic groups. The volume of the lower calf diminished in the dobesilate group at the end of the active treatment period by −64.72 ± 111.93 cm3 (mean ± SD), independent of the concomitant usage of compression stockings versus placebo +0.8 ± 152.98 cm3 ( P = 0.0002). The symptoms of pain, discomfort, heavy legs, tired legs, tingling, itching and cramps, as well as the global assessments by investigators and patients, also improved significantly ( P < 0.05) better in the dobesilate group at the end of the treatment. The observed adverse events correspond to the known profile. Conclusion Dobesilate reduces leg oedema and improves the symptoms of objectively diagnosed CVI, independent of the concomitant usage of compression stockings.
Rape Treatment: An Overview of Current Knowledge
Authors: Thakker Jo , Gannon Theresa A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSexual offending is frequently seen by the lay person as being a result of an innate abnormality that is relatively fixed and unchangeable. Accordingly, sexual offenders are seen as more likely to recidivate than other types of offenders. In fact, this is not the case, and most sexual offenders do not re-offend. Also, contemporary research has shown that treatment programs driven by cognitive behaviour therapy significantly reduce rates of sexual offender recidivism. Nevertheless, while there has been a great deal of research on the treatment of child sexual offenders, the treatment of rapists has received comparatively less attention. Thus, the main aim of this article is to summarise current knowledge of sexual offender treatment, paying specific attention to the needs of rapists. In particular, we pay attention to the content of sexual offender treatment programs, and the relevance of this content to rape. We also discuss therapeutic issues of relevance for rapist treatment that are typically ignored or underestimated in the research literature. Finally, based upon our analysis of the literature, we present a schematic overview of rape treatment and identify important areas for further research.
Cytochromes P450: Roles in the Biotransformation of Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke and Impact of Smoking Cessation on Concurrent Drug Therapy
Authors: Murray Michael 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCigarette smoke contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that activate the expression of cytochrome P450 family 1 (CYP1) enzymes in liver and other tissues; this process is dependent on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription factor. An important CYP1 enzyme, CYP1A2, has a critical role in the oxidation of drugs such as clozapine, olanzapine and theophylline; these drugs exhibit a high incidence of adverse effects that are linked to plasma concentrations. This article reviews the impact of smoking and smoking cessation on therapy with toxic drugs that undergo CYP-mediated elimination. PAHs in cigarette smoke activate the AhR and upregulate CYP1A2, which enhances the clearance of these drugs, diminishes their efficacy and necessitates the use of higher doses. However, smoking cessation decreases PAH exposure, which leads to a decline in clearance of CYP1A2 substrate drugs. Dose reductions and close therapeutic monitoring for such drugs are recommended in patients who cease smoking.
Smoking Cessation Online Service (SCOS) in Thailand: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chaikoolvatana Anun , Vathesathogkit Kronggit , Chanakit Teeraporn 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to develop a smoking cessation online service (SCOS) for cigarette smokers. The SCOS website was developed via Flash Professional® program version 9.0 with software that included Mozilla™, Java®, and Windows™. Twenty-five volunteers accessed SCOS. Five trained hospital pharmacists were responsible for the online counselling service. Most volunteers were males with a history of smoking of at least ten years, were aged between 21 to 30 years, and were in the low income bracket. Twenty-five per cent of the volunteers stated that they were ready to quit smoking. The most common method of smoking cessation was to give up smoking at once (48%). Results showed that attitudes towards smoking perceptions were positively high with a mean score of 28.52 out of 30. Volunteers also stated they thought SCOS was interesting and useful. They liked the functions of the program as well as its benefits. Recommendations included the extension of the study into different areas, the continuation of SCOS as an alternative for quitting smoking and the evaluation of the effectiveness of SCOS alongside current methods of smoking cessation, such as face-to-face counselling, home visits and phone calls.
Cutting Down One Puff at a Time: The Acute Effects of Exercise on Smoking Behaviour
Authors: Faulkner Guy E. , Arbour-Nicitopoulos Kelly P. , Hsin Agnes 
Published: April 2011

AbstractResearch consistently demonstrates that a bout of moderate exercise alleviates cravings to smoke among abstaining smokers. This pilot study examined the effects of an acute bout of brisk walking on cigarette cravings and smoking topography. Using a within-subject, crossover design, two 10-minute treatment sessions were conducted on separate days by 19 participants(Mage = 24.6 years): passive (i.e., sitting) and brisk walking conditions. Participants rated cravings at baseline, midcondition, and at 0-, 10-, and 20-minutes postcondition and objective measures of smoking topography (puff count, puff duration, puff volume, interpuff interval [IPI], time to first puff [TTFP]) were obtained with the first cigarette smoked postcondition. A 2 (condition) × 4 (time) ANCOVA indicated lower desire to smoke (p< .05) during the walking condition than the passive condition. After the brisk walking condition, a series of ANOVAs demonstrated a significantly increased delay to first puff in comparison to the passive condition. Posthoc analyses (controlling for abstinence period) indicated significant lower puff volume and a trend for shorter puff duration following brisk walking in comparison to the passive sitting condition. A greater reduction in cravings was associated with a longer delay to first puff. In addition to reducing cravings, these results suggest that a bout of brisk walking may also change an individual's smoking behaviour.
Predictors of Successful Smoking Cessation in a Family Practice-Based Cardiovascular Risk Factor Intervention Program: ‘Real-World’ Experience From the Heartwatch Program
Authors: McGorrian Catherine , Lonergan Moira , Kelleher Cecily , Daly Leslie , Fitzpatrick Patricia 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHeartwatch is an Irish primary care-delivered secondary prevention program for patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to describe the patterns of smoking cessation in Heartwatch and examine the associates of successful smoking cessation. Participants with established CAD were invited to baseline and three-monthly clinic visits. Data on all persons reporting tobacco use at baseline were examined. Associations between smoking cessation and baseline factors were examined using logistic regression models. Data were available on 1,679 Heartwatch patients who were smoking at first visit. One third of smokers (581 participants: 34.6%) achieved smoking cessation during the study period (2003 to 2007), 80.4% of whom remained nonsmokers at end of follow-up. Positive associates of successful smoking cessation included increasing age, male sex, a body mass index > 25 and increasing number of study visits. Negative associates included having a means-tested general medical services allocation, being unemployed, and documentation of stop-smoking advice. All factors except employment status retained statistical significance when examined in a multivariable model. In conclusion, high levels of smoking cessation were achieved in this secondary prevention population of persistent smokers. Associates of successful smoking cessation were identified. Specific stop-smoking strategies should be considered for those subpopulations less likely to quit.
State Smoking Cessation Quitlines and Smokers With Mental Illness
Authors: Rogers Erin , Sherman Scott E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective:State smoking cessation telephone quitlines have become an integral part of the U.S. public health strategy for helping smokers quit. It is unclear whether these quitlines meet the needs of smokers with a mental illness, who have unique challenges during the quitting process and may benefit from more intensive treatment compared to smokers without mental illness. We conducted a needs assessment survey of U.S. state quitlines (N= 51 including Washington DC) to learn how they work with mentally ill callers.Methods:Quitline representatives were asked whether they have, or perform, six services chosen to represent basic elements of treatment access, process and structure for mentally ill smokers.Findings:We had a 96% response rate to our survey. All surveyed quitlines accept calls from mentally ill smokers, and all either train their counsellors in mental health or their counsellors have past mental health training. In addition, all quitlines encourage mentally ill callers to discuss quitting with their regular healthcare providers for safety reasons. However, only eight surveyed quitlines (16%) screen callers for mental illness, few (18%) use specific counselling protocols for mentally ill callers, and even fewer (6%) have self-help materials tailored for the mentally ill.Conclusions:Future studies are needed to analyse these variations in state quitline operations to identify the most effective approaches to providing telephone-based treatment for smokers with mental illness.
Identifying Barriers to Entering Smoking Cessation Treatment Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Smokers
Authors: Copeland Amy L. , Businelle Michael S. , Stewart Diana W. , Patterson Scott M. , Rash Carla J. , Carney Colleen E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:Efficacious smoking cessation interventions exist, yet few smokers utilise available resources such as psychosocial treatment programs and pharmacotherapy. The goals of the present study were to (1) identify perceived barriers to entering smoking cessation treatment programs among socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers, who are presently underrepresented in smoking cessation interventions; (2) determine what variables are most important in predicting the barriers identified (i.e., age, gender, ethnicity, income, nicotine dependence level, smoking rate, years smoking, stage of change, presence of smoking-related illness and medical insurance status).Methods:Responses from socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers (N= 343) were collected in 2004–2005 and analysed to develop the Treatment Barriers Questionnaire, a 40-item measure of reasons for not entering smoking cessation programs. Study methods were approved by the Institutional Review Board of Louisiana State University; informed consent procedures were employed.Results:Principal components analysis yielded seven scales named for their theme: (1) Preparedness to Quit Smoking; (2) Work and Time Constraints; (3) Smokers Can or Should Quit on Own; (4) Opinions about Professional Assistance; (5) Mobility Limitations; (6) Insurance Limitations and (7) Misinformation about Professional Assistance. Gender, ethnicity, daily smoking rate, nicotine dependence and stage of change were significant predictors in regression analyses for scales 1,F(10, 201) = 7.83,p< .001,R2= .29, 2F(10, 201) = 2.30,p< .05,R2= .11, and 3,F(10, 201) = 3.58,p< .001,R2= .16. Conclusions: Results can inform efforts to facilitate entry and retention of smokers in cessation programs.
Theatre in education: More than just a health message
Authors: Wooster Roger 
Published: April 2011

The author of this article worked for fifteen years as a Theatre in Education (TIE) actor and, after moving into Further and then Higher Education, continues to work with young people to create educational projects touring all education sectors. Most of the themes for these TIE programmes
have encompassed historical and social themes, and some have addressed health issues directly. It is a sad reflection upon either society or the education system (or probably both) that the demand for such social health projects continues to increase.
In September 2009, The University of
Northampton hosted for the second time an international conference about the interaction of arts and health; testament to the acceptance of the fact that the arts can have a transformational effect on the health of individuals and society. Arts-related therapies are increasingly a part of
the menu from which we may seek to attain emotional or social good health. This article accepts that the arts can be transformational in promoting good health and, specifically, in forming positive attitudes towards health issues. What follows identifies the nature of Theatre in Education,
considers how these approaches have been used in Theatre in Health Education (THE) to promote health, and whether the best use is now being made of TIE techniques. It questions the effectiveness and validity of THE programmes that seek only to portray dire situations without allowing the space,
through participation and reflection, for audiences to relate their own lives to those being set before them.
After Mrs. Rochester: Rewriting as re-vision
Authors: Macedo Ana Gabriela 
Published: April 2011

Departing from a play by the London based playwright and director Polly Teale entitled After Mrs. Rochester (2003), this essay focuses on the intricate network of intertexts that construct it and the manifold discourses that traverse it. Issues of rewriting, revision and adaptation
are the main focus of this essay, given that the play consists of the revisitation of Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea (1966), Rhys's own biography by Carole Angier, Jean Rhys (1985), Charlotte Bront's Jane Eyre: an Autobiography (1847), while it also openly revisits Paula
Rego's series of lithographs and pastels Jane Eyre (200102), as well as her composition Wide Sargasso Sea (2000).
The analysis of this text, which is so densely permeated by the memory of other texts and literally haunted by past heroines and the echo of their voices, draws
on the understanding that intertextuality, as Susan Stanford Friedman (1991) argues, is essentially a dialectical, conflictual and anti-hegemonic process rooted, via the work of Julia Kristeva, in the Bakhtinian notions of heteroglossia and dialogism. Moreover, it suggests, as Ziva Ben-Porat
(2003) claims, that the strategy of rewriting is a trigger of a particular reading pact with wide potential functionalities. My own understanding of re-writing as both a reforming and a writing back to (a wrighting process which undertakes a critical-interpretive gesture, to borrow
a term coined by Chantal Zabus), as tested on this polyphonic case-study, shares these concerns.
Kenya's indigenous radio stations and their use of metaphors in the 2007 election violence
Authors: Wachanga D. Ndirangu 
Published: April 2011

The article focuses on the use of metaphors during the 2007 pre- and post-election violence in Kenya that left at least 1400 people dead and more than 350,000 internally displaced. During and after the violence, vernacular radio stations, though not entirely responsible for the violence,
were highly chastised for constructing and disseminating narratives of hate, using embellished metaphors.
This article acknowledges the presence of these metaphors and the ethnicized stereotypical humour they provided before the election. But it is the political tension that provided the
context for the deployment of metaphors in a way that framed their meaning and potency of use. Whether these metaphors contributed to fanning ethnic passion cannot be quantitatively assessed. However, their potency was not in themselves, but in the meaning imbued in them; which was as fluid
and transient as the context changed. Metaphors, therefore, became substitutes for past ethnic grievances. They served as a rallying cry and a call to arms, not because of the totality of what can be inferred from them, both positive and negative, but their signification of the aspects of
difference. It is this difference, which was exploited during the election violence, not because of the metaphors but in spite of them. With the background of the political tension that suffocated the country, metaphors became materials to propagate ethnic identities and a basis for ethnic
nomenclature.
Reviews
Authors: Emmerson Jean , Rinta Tiija , Anderson Joseph , Wilde Howard , Oliver Rowan 
Published: April 2011

Music and Mind in Everyday Life,Erik Clarke, Nicola Dibben and Stephanie Pitts (2010)Oxford: Oxford University Press, 224pp., ISBN 978-0-19-852557-8, Paperback, 19.99Communicative Musicality Exploring the Basis of Human Companionship,Stephen Malloch and Colwyn Trevarthen (2010)UK: Oxford University Press, 627 pp, ISBN: 978-0-19-856628-1, 65.00The Theory and Technique of Electronic Music,Miller Puckette (2007)Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 348 pp., ISBN: 978-981-270-077-3, Hardback, 76Protest Music in France: Production, Identity and Audiencesby Barbara Lebrun (2009)Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 192pp., hardcover, ISBN 978-0-7546-6472-7The New Guitarscape in Critical Theory, Cultural Practice and Musical Performance,Kevin Dawe (2010)Aldershot: Ashgate, 227pp., ISBN: 9780754667759, Hardback, 55.00
Creative visual art storytelling and concept development
Authors: Lord Anne 
Published: April 2011

This article presents practice-based research in visual arts undergraduate subjects. Pedagogical approaches in the Visual Arts strand of the Bachelor of New Media Arts (BNMA), School of Creative Arts (SoCA) are outlined as motivational strategies, where stories emerge as the basis for
issue-driven projects. Curriculum design was based on the premise that visual artists in a university will access specific software programmes to suit their interests and skills. While students are required to build on skills and knowledge, the lecture programme targets creative art projects
with emphasis on conceptual development and digital presentation. Teaching to develop individual pathways in creative arts practitioners at tertiary level has demonstrated benefits and students provided strong appraisal in student feedback for teaching (SFT).
Lectures present ways that
artists consider a story, along the lines of a plot or storyboard, providing scope for the concept that the character is to expose. Hull and Katz (2006, Crafting an Agentic Self: Cases Studies of Digital Storytelling, 41:1) refer to storytellers becoming their agentic selves in terms
of personal development. One subject combines ideas about storytelling with contemporary visual arts and, in the context of relational aesthetics (Bourriaud 2002), connectivity occurs between visual and issue-driven art. The subject design involves broad issues as well as reflexivity,
and merges with the scenario of how artists become involved with exposing universal concerns.
Students demonstrate potential for research in artworks where visual interpretation of characters involves storytelling and documentation. Artists' statements contextualize the work on display.
Students reference web links and identify Computer Learning Technologies (CLT) crucial to their work. They write about software and links to online tutorials to explicate new knowledge and technical advancement.
How can we use writing as a tool for collaboration across disciplines at Ph.D. level?: Co-writing fictional versions of the truth about someone else
Authors: Lockheart Julia 
Published: April 2011

This article will describe some of the key tools used throughout a series of collaborative writing workshops. These are part of my ongoing Ph.D. research in the Design Department, entitled, (How) Could co-writing help designers to develop a non-specialist, more comprehensive model
of practice (i.e. Metadesign)? Collaborative writing can be a tool to enable incommensurate and heterogeneous writers to work together to develop deep-level team synergy. It can generate unusual and surprising team synergies leading to a shared propensity to dream future scenarios rather
than remain within existing contexts. This longitudinal pilot study engaged four Ph.D. students, from different departments at Goldsmiths, University of London, over an extended period of nine months. The outcome of the writing was a set of fictional scenarios about the participants, entitled,
Fictional Versions of the Truth about Someone Else. The Ph.D. students, who went on to complete the writing, consisted of one student from each of the following disciplines: Education, Fine Art, Psychology and Media and Communications.
The process, which was co-designed and grew
organically, began by developing a team synergy through tools developed to build core values, and resulted in the participants benefiting in their confidence and ability to write. They learnt from each other and became both writers of their own fictional stories, as well as editors and critics.
An examination of the Journal used as a vehicle to bring about a synthesis between theory and practice in Art and Design higher education
Authors: Camino Minacha 
Published: April 2011

This article outlines a mini piece of empirical study that examines the Journal used in two B.A. (Hons) courses, one Fine Art and the other Design. This qualitative research includes questionnaires and interviews with educators and final year students from one Higher Education College
in the United Kingdom. The questions were designed to find out whether the Journal brings about a synthesis between Critical Studies and students' own practice.
Responses range from the staff perspective that the Journal confuses the students, through to the view that it has the potential
to be of great use and the opinion of most students' that it supports their studio practice.
The outcomes suggest further research in relation to the key issues raised: approaches to teaching and learning (specifically writing) and the lead-up to the final-year Critical Studies curriculum
content.