bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased affinity of dopamine for D2‐like versus D1‐like receptors. Relevance for volume transmission in interpreting PET findings
Authors: Marcellino Daniel , Kehr Jan , Agnati Luigi F. , Fuxe Kjell 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEvidence indicates that dopamine (DA) mainly acts as a volume transmission (VT) transmitter through its release into the extracellular fluid where the D1‐like and D2‐like receptors are predominantly extrasynaptic. It was therefore of interest to compare the affinities of the two major families of DA receptors. [3H] raclopride /DA and [3H] SCH23390/DA competition assays compared the affinity of DA at D2‐like and D1‐like receptors in rat dorsal striatal membrane preparations as well as in membrane preparations from CHO cell lines stably transfected with human D2L and D1 receptors. The IC50 values of DA at D2‐like receptors in dorsal striatal membranes and CHO cell membranes were markedly and significantly reduced compared with the IC50 values of DA at D1‐like receptors. These IC50 values reflect differences in both the high and low affinity states. The KiH value for DA at [3H] raclopride‐labeled D2‐like receptors in dorsal striatum was 12 nM, and this can help explain PET findings that amphetamine‐induced increases in DA release can produce an up to 50% decrease of [11C] raclopride binding in the dorsal striatum in vivo. These combined results give indications for the existence of striatal D2‐like receptor‐mediated DA VT at the local circuit level in vivo. The demonstration of a KiH value of 183 nM for DA at D1 antagonist‐labeled D1‐like receptors instead gives a likely explanation for the failure of a reduction of D1‐like receptor binding after amphetamine‐induced DA release in PET studies using the D1‐like antagonist radioligands [11C] SCH23390 and [11C] NNC. It seems difficult to evaluate the role of the extrasynaptic D1 receptors in VT in vivo with the PET radioligands available for this receptor. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low peak‐to‐average power ratio and efficient multicarrier spread spectrum transceivers using hybrid and quadrature cyclic shift orthogonal keying
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Lun , Hwang Jeng‐Kuang , Deng Juinn‐Horng 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes two bandwidth and power efficient multicode multicarrier spread spectrum (MCSS) system modes based on a new cyclic shift orthogonal keying (CSOK) scheme that leads to low peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) signals. Both system modes can improve the bandwidth efficiency by loading more data bits per symbol block. The first system mode is the hybrid CSOK (HCSOK) mode, which combines phase shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation symbol with the CSOK symbol, for example, the important hybrid quadrature PSK (QPSK)–CSOK case. The second is the quadrature CSOK (QCSOK) mode that transmits two parallel binary phase shift keying (BPSK)–CSOK branches at the same time. For both modes, maximum likelihood receivers are derived and simplified, leading to efficient fast Fourier transform‐based structures for maximum ratio combining and cyclic‐code correlation. Theoretical bit error rate (BER) analysis is conducted for the hybrid QPSK–CSOK case. Simulation results demonstrate that both the two system modes considerably outperforms the traditional Walsh‐coded MCSS system in terms of bandwidth efficiency, PAPR, BER, and antijamming capability. Furthermore, in indoor channel, QCSOK performs slightly worse than QPSK–CSOK, but it has almost twice the data rate when the code length is large. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordination Networks of Mercury(II) Halides and Polyether Ligand
Authors: Crochet Aurelien , Fromm Katharina M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNew crystalline mercury halide adducts with polyetheras ligands were isolated, characterized, and identified as trans‐[HgIICl2(diox)2]n (1) and trans‐[HgIII2(diox)]n (2). The compounds were obtained from the metal halide salts in solution of 1,4‐dioxane and can be considered as “cutting‐out” products from the metal halide as they show similarity in the arrangement with starting compounds.
Synthesis, Structure and Chemical Bonding of Ba2Ni5Ge4 – An Intermetallic Compound with a New Two‐dimensional $\rm^2_\infty$[Ni5Ge4] Structural Motif
Authors: Siggelkow Lisa , Hlukhyy Viktor , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe intermetallic compound Ba2Ni5Ge4 was prepared by arc melting mixtures of the elements and subsequent annealing under argon. The compound crystallizes in a new structure type with the space group C2/m, Z = 2, a = 12.523(5) Å, b = 4.056(1) Å, c = 9.503(6) Å, β = 118.65(4)°, wR2 = 0.086 (all data). Ba2Ni5Ge4 consists of two‐dimensional $\rm^2_\infty$[Ni5Ge4] slabs that are separated by barium atoms. The slabs consist of a new combination of two structure motifs that are also present in other known intermetallic compounds in the system Ae/Ni/Ge (Ae: Ca, Sr, Ba); namely $\rm^1_\infty$[Ni2Ge2] ribbons, which also occur in the low‐temperature modification of BaNi2Ge2, and distorted hexagonal prisms of the compositionNi@Ni6Ge6, that are present in the SrNi3Ge2 structure type. The electronic structure and chemical bonding of Ba2Ni5Ge4 is discussed in terms of LMTO band structure calculations and a topological analysis using the Electron Localization Function (ELF).
Assembly of a New 3D Octamolybdate‐based Compound: Using the Flexible Bis(triazole) ligand with a –(CH2)6– Spacer
Authors: Tian Aixiang , Liu Xiaojing , Liu Guiying , Ying Jun , Wang Xiuli 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThrough utilizing the flexible bis(triazole) ligand 1, 6‐bis(1, 2, 4‐triazol‐1‐yl)hexane (btx), a new octamolybdate‐based compound, [Cu2(btx)4(β‐Mo8O26)]·H2O (1), was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. It was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. In compound 1, the [β‐Mo8O26]4– anion acts as a bi‐connected inorganic linkage to connect the Cu‐btx moieties. The Cu1‐btx moiety linked by the [β‐Mo8O26]4– anions exhibits a 2D layer, while the Cu2‐btx moiety also shows a similar 2D layer. Furthermore, these two 2D moieties construct a 3D framework through sharing the same N7‐containing btx ligands.
Constructing and visualizing chemical reaction networks from pi-calculus models
Authors: John Mathias , Schulz Hans-Jörg , Schumann Heidrun , Uhrmacher Adelinde M. , Unger Andrea 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

The
π
-calculus, in particular its stochastic version the stochastic
π
-calculus, is a common modeling formalism to concisely describe the chemical reactions occurring in biochemical systems. However, it remains largely unexplored how to transform a biochemical model expressed in the stochastic
π
-calculus back into a set of meaningful reactions. To this end, we present a two step approach of first translating model states to reaction sets and then visualizing sequences of reaction sets, which are obtained from state trajectories, in terms of reaction networks. Our translation from model states to reaction sets is formally defined and shown to be correct, in the sense that it reflects the states and transitions as they are derived from the continuous time Markov chain-semantics of the stochastic
π
-calculus. Our visualization concept combines high level measures of network complexity with interactive, table-based network visualizations. It directly reflects the structures introduced in the first step and allows modelers to explore the resulting simulation traces by providing both: an overview of a network’s evolution and a detail inspection on demand.
A Comparison of Trunk Muscle Activation Amplitudes During Gait in Older Adults With and Without Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Hanada Edwin Y. , Johnson Mark , Hubley‐Kozey Cheryl 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveTo investigate abdominal and low back muscle activation amplitudes of older adults (at least 50 years of age) experiencing nonspecific chronic low back pain (LBP) and of adults without LBP while they walked on a level surface at a self‐selected speed.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingDynamics of human motion laboratory.ParticipantsNine asymptomatic control participants (mean ± standard deviation: 64.9 ± 8.8 years) and 9 participants experiencing LBP (61.4 ± 9.8 years) were selected for this study.MethodsSurface electromyography (EMG) was recorded over the bilateral lower rectus abdomini, internal obliques, lateral erector spinae longissimus, and lumbar multifidus muscle sites while participants walked across a pressure‐sensor mat at a self‐selected speed. To normalize EMG amplitudes during gait, the participants performed a series of maximal voluntary isometric contractions. EMG signals were full‐wave rectified and low‐pass filtered to yield a linear envelop waveform. For the gait trials, a window was identified from right heel strike to the second left heel strike and 4 subphases, including right and left loading response and mid stance, were identified. EMG amplitudes were calculated for each subphase.Main Outcome MeasurementsTwo sample t‐tests compared demographic information and spatiotemporal gait parameters between groups. EMG activation amplitude differences between groups and among subphases of gait were analyzed for each muscle with use of general linear models, followed by Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc comparisons.ResultsNo differences were found between the groups for demographic or gait parameters. The control group participants activated their lower rectus abdomini muscles (P < .05) and right internal oblique muscles significantly more than did the LBP group (P < .05), whereas the LBP group activated their left lateral erector spinae and both lumbar multifidi sites significantly more than did the control group (P < .05).ConclusionsThe activation amplitudes of the anterior muscle sites were lower for participants with LBP, whereas the posterior sites were activated to higher amplitudes than in the control group. Although most muscles responded to the subphases indicating muscle synergies, the group by muscle interactions for the right internal oblique and lateral erector spinae show that the differences between groups were not systematic. These results describe neuromuscular alterations in persons between 50‐80 years with LBP that can be used for developing subject‐specific management related to maintaining spinal stability.
Dynamic roughness perturbation of a turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Jacobi I. , McKeon B. J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate was perturbed by a temporally oscillating, spatial impulse of roughness, and the downstream response of the flow field was interrogated by hot-wire anemometry and particle-image velocimetry. The key features common to impulsively perturbed boundary layers, as identified in Jacobi & McKeon (J. Fluid Mech., 2011), were investigated, and the unique contributions of the dynamic perturbation were isolated by contrast with an appropriately matched static impulse of roughness. In addition, the dynamic perturbation was decomposed into separable large-scale and small-scale structural effects, which in turn were associated with the organized wave and roughness impulse aspects of the perturbation. A phase-locked velocity decomposition of the entire downstream flow field revealed strongly coherent modes of fluctuating velocity, with distinct mode shapes for the streamwise and wall-normal velocity components. Following the analysis of McKeon & Sharma (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 658, 2010, pp. 336–382), the roughness perturbation was treated as a forcing of the Navier–Stokes equation and a linearized analysis employing a modified Orr–Sommerfeld operator was performed. The experimentally ascertained wavespeed of the input disturbance was used to solve for the most amplified singular mode of the Orr–Sommerfeld resolvent. These calculated modes were then compared with the streamwise and wall-normal velocity fluctuations. The discrepancies between the calculated Orr–Sommerfeld resolvent modes and those experimentally observed by phase-locked averaging of the velocity field were postulated to result from the violation of the parallel flow assumption of Orr–Sommerfeld analysis, as well as certain non-equilibrium effects of the roughness. Additionally, some difficulties previously observed using a quasi-laminar eigenmode analysis were also observed under the resolvent approach; however, the resolvent analysis was shown to provide reasonably accurate predictions of velocity fluctuations for the forced Orr–Sommerfeld problem over a portion of the boundary layer, with potential applications to designing efficient flow control strategies. The combined experimental and analytical effort provides a new opportunity to examine the non-equilibrium and forcing effects in a dynamically perturbed flow.
In vitro chemotactic responses of Brugia pahangi infective larvae to sodium ions
Authors: Mitsui Y. , Miura M. , Bome D.A. , Aoki Y. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn vitro chemotactic responses of infective third-stage larvae (L3) of Brugia pahangi to NaCl, Na2HPO4, KCl, K2HPO4, MgCl2 and CaCl2 were assessed. Compared to deionized water as a control, 200 mm NaCl and 100 mm Na2HPO4 significantly attracted L3 (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01), whereas L3 were likely to avoid 200 mm KCl and 100 mm K2HPO4 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05). L3 showed no significant tendency to avoid or to be attracted to 200 mm CaCl2 and 200 mm MgCl2. Furthermore, NaCl exhibited a significant chemoattractant activity for L3 at a low concentration of 100 mm.
Individual genome assembly from complex community short-read metagenomic datasets
Authors: Luo Chengwei , Tsementzi Despina , Kyrpides Nikos C , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Assembling individual genomes from complex community metagenomic data remains a challenging issue for environmental studies. We evaluated the quality of genome assemblies from community short read data (Illumina 100 bp pair-ended sequences) using datasets recovered from freshwater and soil microbial communities as well as in silico simulations. Our analyses revealed that the genome of a single genotype (or species) can be accurately assembled from a complex metagenome when it shows at least about 20 × coverage. At lower coverage, however, the derived assemblies contained a substantial fraction of non-target sequences (chimeras), which explains, at least in part, the higher number of hypothetical genes recovered in metagenomic relative to genomic projects. We also provide examples of how to detect intrapopulation structure in metagenomic datasets and estimate the type and frequency of errors in assembled genes and contigs from datasets of varied species complexity.
Application of Reporter Animals as Novel Tools in Food Safety Research
Authors: Ramachandran Balaji , Maggi Adriana 
Published: October 2011

The current methodologies employed in the field of toxicology have a limited predicting value of toxic effects; the investigational tools are usually static in nature and detect toxicity in a snapshot of time, thus providing only a partial view of the molecular mechanism underlying the toxic effects. Classical tests do not highlight small physiological changes (subtle effects) due to toxicity as they are developed mostly to monitor adverse effects (overt effects) and in addition require the use of a large number of animals.
At the present time, the major challenge for environmental and alimentary toxicologists is the detection of toxicants, generally present at very low concentrations, and the evaluation of their cumulative effects during long-term exposure. More effort should be devoted to the generation of appropriate model systems for the rapid, cost-effective and reproducible analysis of the overall effects of toxic compounds on living organisms.
Recently, the concept of receptor-mediated toxicity has driven the field of toxicology to carry out tests that are more predictable, leading to a through understanding of mechanism-based toxicity (MBT). Molecular imaging as a key to understanding MBT might provide a means of meeting this challenge by being cost effective, non-invasive and allow us to monitor the receptor dynamics in the length of time (temporal dimension) and provide a global view of the potential target organs of toxicity in all the spectrum of body action of the whole mouse (spatial dimension).
Occurrence of Endocrine Disrupters in Food Chains
Authors: Mantovani Alberto , Proietti Ilaria 
Published: October 2011

The general population is constantly exposed to a mixture of endocrine disrupters (EDs), mainly through the food chain. This chapter reviews the multi-faceted relationship between ED risk assessment and food consumption.
The dietary exposure pathways are diverse, since EDs can (i) affect diet components most liable to environmental pollution [e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in lipid-rich foods]; (ii) be employed in food production (e.g. certain groups of agrochemicals); (iii) be released from food contact materials or during food production processes (such as bisphenol); (iv) last but not least, be naturally present in food (endocrine-active nutrients and bioactive substances, such as iodine and phytoestrogens, respectively). Main health concerns from dietary exposure to EDs include the building-up of a pollutants body burden and the potential for additive “cocktail” effects. The factors modulating exposure and susceptibility are considered, including different stages of life, specific dietary habits and food commodities. The multiple, often inadequately understood, interactions between EDs and food components, particularly nutrients, are given specific attention. Anti-nutritional factors present in many vegetable foods are proposed as “indirect” EDs as they impair the bioavailability of nutrients, such as trace elements, required for endocrine homeostasis.
Comparison of three microwave‐assisted drying methods on the physiochemical, nutritional and sensory qualities of re‐structured purple‐fleshed sweet potato granules
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhang Min , Mujumdar Arun S. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryPurple‐fleshed sweet potato (PFSP) with high anthocyanin level was attractive to health concern. Three drying methods, namely microwave‐assisted freeze‐drying (MWFD), microwave‐assisted vacuum drying (MWVD) and microwave‐assisted spouted bed drying (MWSBD), were compared in the drying of PFSP granules. Product’s texture, colour, anthocyanin level and energy consumption were investigated. Drying periods varied among drying methods. MWSBD needed the least time to finish the drying process. Different drying methods had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on texture and anthocyanin level. Maximum penetration force of MWSBD treated sample was lowest (14.99 N). Anthocyanin level of MWSBD products was not as high as that of MWFD products, but colour and appearance were fine. MWFD products owned good crispness through sensory evaluation. Energy consumption of MWFD was about two times higher than that of MWVD. Final results indicated that MWSBD may be an alternative way to MWFD with measurements to maintain the anthocyanin level.
Purification and characterisation of a novel antioxidant peptide from porcine haemoglobin hydrolysate
Authors: Sun Qian , Luo Yongkang , Shen Huixing , Li Xue , Yao Lei 
Published: October 2011

SummaryPorcine haemoglobin, which is normally discarded as a by‐product of meat industry, was hydrolysed using pepsin, AS1398 neutrase, trypsin, flavorzyme, papain and alcalase respectively. The peptic hydrolysate exhibited the highest antioxidant activities than those of other hydrolysates, which was separated using ultrafiltration membranes, and consecutively using chromatographic methods including ion‐exchange chromatography on SP Sephadex C‐25 column, gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G‐25 column and reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography. Finally, a novel antioxidant peptide from porcine haemoglobin (APPH) was purified, and its sequence was identified to be ARRLGHDFNPDVQAA (1666 Da) using mass spectrometry. APPH exhibited significant higher lipid peroxidation inhibitory ability than that of α‐tocopherol as positive control (P < 0.05), and efficiently quenched hydroxyl radical (IC50 = 26.9 μm). APPH agrees with the 115–129 residues of the β‐chain from porcine haemoglobin. These results indicate that APPH would be a beneficial ingredient for functional food and pharmaceuticals.
Integrating preconceptional care into an IVF programme
Authors: Ockhuijsen Henriëtta D.L. , Gamel Claudia J. , van den Hoogen Agnes , Macklon Nicholas S. 
Published: October 2011

ockhuijsen h.d.l., gamel c.j., van den hoogen a. & macklon n.s. (2011) Integrating preconceptional care into an IVF programme. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(5), 1156–1165.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a mixed method study of the outcomes of integrating preconceptional care into an in‐vitro fertilization programme on nurses’ and patients’ attitudes and patients’ weight and smoking behaviour.Background.  Increasing evidence points to the significant effect of lifestyle factors on in‐vitro fertilization outcomes. Optimizing the health of couples before they commence in‐vitro fertilization may improve the chance of achieving success.Method.  In 2007, 130 couples attending a university hospital in‐vitro fertilization unit and seven nurses were invited to participate in the study. Questionnaires were developed to assess the attitudes of both patients and nurses. Furthermore, the impact of interventions on body mass index and smoking patterns were evaluated.Results.  All nurses (n = 7) and 101 patients (77·7%) returned completed questionnaires. Analysis revealed a considerable degree of scepticism among the nurses at the outset as to the value of the programme and their ability to perform their new role effectively. Patients valued positively the increased attention to adjusting lifestyle factors with the goal to improve fertility outcomes. Of those participants who smoked or had a body mass index >30, 30% (n = 7/23) of the patients quit smoking and 50% lost weight (n = 15/30), mean loss: 6·1 kg.Conclusion.  Fertility nurses can play a key role in the provision of preconceptional care. Patients with a fertility problem can be motivated to address lifestyle issues before embarking on in‐vitro fertilization treatment. The integration of preconceptional care and lifestyle interventions was shown to be feasible in our clinical setting.