bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resourcefulness, positive cognitions, relocation controllability and relocation adjustment among older people: a cross‐sectional study of cultural differences
Authors: Bekhet Abir K. , Zauszniewski Jaclene A. 
Published: July 2012

Background.  The population of older people in both the United States and Egypt is expected to double by the year 2030. With ageing, chronic illnesses increase and many older people need to relocate to retirement communities. Research has shown that positive cognitions and resourcefulness are positively correlated with adaptive functioning and better adjustment.Aims and objectives.  The purpose of this study was to examine and compare relocation controllability, positive cognitions, resourcefulness and relocation adjustment between American and Egyptian older people living in retirement communities. The purpose of this cultural comparison is to gain insight into influencing factors in each culture that might lead to interventions to help relocated older adults in both cultures adjust to their new surroundings.Design and method.  A cross‐sectional, descriptive design was used to compare relocation controllability, positive cognitions, resourcefulness and relocation adjustment of a convenience sample of American older people (n = 104) and a convenience sample of Egyptian older people (n = 94). The study was a secondary analysis of two studies of older people residing in six retirement communities in Northeast Ohio and in five retirement communities in Alexandria, Egypt.Results.  Examination of mean scores and standard deviations on the measure of positive cognitions using independent sample t‐tests indicated that on average, the American older people reported more positive cognitions (t (131·16) = 11·29, P < 0·001), more relocation controllability (t (196) = −6·78, P < 0·001) and more relocation adjustment (t (196) = 9·42, P < 0·001) than the Egyptian older people. However, there was no significant difference between Egyptians and Americans in resourcefulness (t (174·16) = −0·97, P > 0·05).Conclusion: The results provide direction for the development of positive cognition interventions and engaging older people in the decision‐making process to help them to adjust to relocation.Implications for practice.  Positive thinking and resourcefulness training interventions can be used by nurses to help relocated older people to adjust to the stress of relocation to retirement communities. These interventions can be used on primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Primary interventions can help to prevent the stress of relocation before happening by helping older people to use their positive thinking and their resources and work with them before relocating to retirement communities. Secondary prevention can be used by nurses to help older people who have already relocated to retirement communities and have already experienced stress of relocation to help them out by decreasing the stress that they are suffering. Tertiary prevention can be used to prevent further stress and deterioration for those who have suffered physical and psychological symptoms as a result of relocation.
Azide Quenching of Singlet Oxygen in Suspensions of Microenvironments of Neutral and Surface Charged Liposomes and Micelles
Authors: Musbat Lihi , Weitman Hana , Ehrenberg Benjamin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe azide anion is often used as a physical quencher of singlet oxygen, the important active intermediate in photosensitized oxidation. An observed effect of azide on the rate of a reaction is considered an indication to the involvement of singlet oxygen. In most biological photosensitizations, the light‐absorbing sensitizer is located in a membrane or in an intracellular organelle, whereas azide is water soluble. The quenching it causes relies on a physical encounter with singlet oxygen during the latter's short lifetime. This can happen either if azide penetrates into the membrane's lipid phase or if singlet oxygen is intercepted when diffusing in the aqueous phase. We demonstrate in this article the difference, in liposomes’ suspension, between the effect of azide when using a water‐soluble and membrane‐bound chemical targets of singlet oxygen, whereas this difference does not exist when micelles are used. We explain the difference on the population of sensitizer and target in the liposome vs micelle. We also show the effect that exists on azide quenching of singlet oxygen by electrically charged lipids in liposomes. This is a result of the accumulation or dilution of azide in the debye layer near the membranes’ surface, due to the surface Gouy–Chapman potential.
The genetic basis of cadmium resistance of Burkholderia cenocepacia
Authors: Schwager Stephan , Lumjiaktase Putthapoom , Stöckli Martina , Weisskopf Laure , Eberl Leo 
Published: July 2012

SummaryBurkholderia species are highly resistant to heavy metals (HMs), yet their resistance mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study we screened 5000 mini‐Tn5 transposon insertion mutants of Burkholderia cenocepacia H111 for loss of cadmium tolerance. Of the four genes identified three affected outer membrane biogenesis and integrity or DNA repair. The fourth gene, BCAE0587, encoded a P1‐type ATPase belonging to the CadA family of HM exporters. CadA‐deficient strains lost the ability to grow in the presence of cadmium, zinc and lead, whereas resistance to nickel, copper and cobalt was not affected. Expression studies using a transcriptional fusion of the cadA promoter to gfp confirmed this specificity, as induction was only observed in presence of cadmium, zinc and lead. The promoter activity was found to be highest at neutral pH with an activation threshold of 30 nM cadmium. Inoculation of the HM‐hyperaccumulating plant Arabidopsis halleri with a RFP‐marked derivative of B. cenocepacia H111 containing the PcadA–gfp fusion demonstrated the applicability of this biosensor for monitoring cadmium at the single cell level in a natural environment.
Attitudes of primary care physicians towards patients with mental illness in Hong Kong
Authors: Lam Tai Pong , Lam Kwok Fai , Lam Edmund Wing Wo , Ku Yin Shuen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntroductionThis study aims to describe the attitudes of primary care physicians towards mental health patients in Hong Kong, especially to examine the doctors’ views on schizophrenia and depression, and the influence of their demographic variables.MethodsA questionnaire developed by the research team was sent to members of Hong Kong College of Family Physicians. Potential respondents were allocated on equal basis to one of the two sets of questionnaire, set 1 for clinical vignette of schizophrenia and set 2 for depression.ResultsA response rate of 37% (500 of 1,360) was achieved. There were 255 and 245 returned questionnaires for set 1 and set 2, respectively. Comparing the two clinical vignettes, there were large differences in their willingness to have the patient on practice list for mental issues (40.0% for schizophrenia versus 71.5% for depression) and to deal with the patient's needs (37.0% versus 60.9%). Multiple ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that doctors with the following demographic factors tended to have more worries or stigma on mental health patients: “having longer years of practice,” “being female,” “working in hospital,” “employed in public sector,” and “not having a relative/friend with mental health problems.”DiscussionOur study shows that two‐thirds of primary care doctors are prepared to look after patients with depression, which is substantially higher than that for schizophrenia. In contrast with the Australian findings, the experienced doctors in Hong Kong have more negative attitudes towards mental health patients than the younger ones.
Thoracoscopic pericardiotomy for management of purulent pneumococcal pericarditis in a child
Authors: Agrawal V , Saxena A , Sethi A , Acharya H , Sharma D 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurulent pericarditis is an extremely rare complication of pneumococcal pneumonia in children that may result in to cardiac tamponade. While image‐guided pericardiocentesis is the treatment of choice for such a condition, it may fail in the presence of thick pus; loculations and thoracoscopic pericardiotomy are useful procedures for such situations. Herein, we report such a case involving a 6‐year‐old boy who presented with purulent pneumococcal pericarditis that was managed with thoracoscopic pericardiotomy and who recovered well. Thoracoscopic pericardiotomy is a safe procedure that allows effective drainage under vision, pericardial biopsy for diagnosis, and a simultaneous opportunity to perform thoracoscopic pleural drainage.
A new approach for posterior mediastinal tumors: Thoracoscopic resection in the prone position
Authors: Daiko H , Fujita T , Matsumura Y , Nishimura M 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVideo‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral position has been the standard surgical approach for posterior mediastinal tumors. Herein, we report the successful thoracoscopic resection of a posterior mediastinal tumor with the patient in the prone position. The patient was a 62‐year‐old man with a posterior mediastinal mass. We were able to completely extirpate the posterior mediastinal tumor by means of thoracoscopic resection, with the patient in the prone position, much in the manner of solo surgery. The prone position has the potential to become the standard thoracoscopic surgical approach for posterior mediastinal tumors because it provides excellent exposure of the posterior mediastinum.
Reversed intestinal malrotation with concurrent cecal carcinoma
Authors: Morimoto M , Horie H , Kumano H , Lefor A , Utano K , Yasuda Y 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA 57‐year‐old man was admitted with a type 2 (ulcerated with clear margin) cancer in the cecum. Contrast‐enhanced CT showed that the superior mesenteric vein was anterior to the superior mesenteric artery, and the patient was suspected of having intestinal malrotation. A laparoscopic‐assisted ileocecal resection was performed. At operation, the cecum and the transverse colon passed through the root of the mesentery behind the superior mesenteric artery with the duodenum. Therefore, this was thought to be a reversed‐type intestinal malrotation. After the operation, 3D‐CT colonography with duodenography images were reconstructed to retrospectively confirm the diagnosis of a reversed malrotation. These images clearly demonstrated the abnormal anatomy and overall orientation of the intestine. Patients with a reversed intestinal malrotation and concurrent cecal cancer are extremely rare. Herein, we present a patient who underwent a laparoscopic‐assisted ileocecal resection for cecal cancer that presented concurrently with a reversed intestinal malrotation.
Utilization of prescription drugs with warnings of suicidal thoughts and behaviours in the USA and the US Department of Veterans Affairs, 2009
Authors: Lavigne Jill E. , Au Anthony , Jiang Rong , Wang Yu , Good Chester P. , Glassman Peter , Cunningham Frances 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Objectives
To develop a list of prescription medications labelled with warnings for adverse effects of suicidal ideation or behaviour and to describe utilization in the USA and in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in 2009.

Methods
A systematic search of US Food and Drug Administration and other references using ‘suicide’, ‘suicidal’ and ‘suicidality’ was used to identify prescription drugs labelled for risk of suicidal ideation or behaviour. Prescription medications sold in the USA by sales volume are reported alongside VA utilization as determined from national electronic pharmacy records.

Key findings
One hundred and twenty-five prescription drugs were labelled for potential adverse effects of suicidal ideation or behaviour. Forty-five of these drugs were among the top 200 prescription medications sold in the USA in 2009 with a total sales volume of 540.8 million prescriptions. Rank-ordered utilization was similar in the VA. VA total fill volume was 5.99 million prescriptions.

Conclusions
The majority of prescriptions with adverse effect warnings of suicidal ideation or behaviour were generic. Relatively high volumes of drugs with warnings for suicidal ideation or behaviour are filled in the USA and in the VA.
Cardiac Troponin I in Racing Standardbreds
Authors: Slack J. , Boston R.C. , Soma L. , Reef V.B. 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundUpper reference limits for cTnI have not been established for healthy Standardbred racehorses.ObjectivesTo establish cTnI upper reference limits for Standardbred racehorses and determine if increases in plasma cTnI concentration can be detected in 1–2 hours after a race.AnimalsSamples were obtained from 586 apparently healthy Standardbreds aged 2–14 years before racing and from the winners of 144 races 1–2 hours after the end of the race.MethodsProspective, observational study; convenience sampling; assay validation; and reference limits determinations were performed according to ASCVP guidelines. Plasma cardiac troponin I concentrations before racing were determined, potential outliers identified, and the 95th and 99th percentile upper reference limits calculated using nonparametric methods. The correlation between cTnI concentration and age, differences in median cTnI concentrations by subgroups and differences between cTnI concentrations before and after racing in winning horses were determined.ResultsThe 95th and 99th percentile upper reference limits for all horses excluding outliers were < 0.04ng/mL and 0.06 ng/mL. There were no significant differences in cTnI concentrations based on age (P = .06), sex (P = .35), gait (P = .55), or race classification (P = .65) and a weak correlation of cTnI with age (ρ = 0.09, P = .03). There were no significant differences between cTnI concentrations before and after racing in winning horses (P = .70).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBecause of lack of standardization across cTnI assays, the reference limits apply only to the Stratus CS immunoassay. Future studies looking at the effects of high intensity, short duration exercise on cTnI should consider sampling more than 2 hours after racing or using an ultrasensitive assay.
Endothelial impairment and bone marrow‐derived CD34+/133+ cells in diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction
Authors: Murata Miho , Tamemoto Hiroyuki , Otani Taeko , Jinbo Sachimi , Ikeda Nahoko , Kawakami Masanobu , Ishikawa San‐e 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe present study was undertaken to determine vascular endothelial impairment and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and erectile dysfunction (ED).Materials and MethodsA total of 100 type 2 diabetic men were enrolled. Flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) and anaerobic threshold (AT) were measured. Also, EPCs in the peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry.ResultsIn the 42 ED diabetic patients, FMD and AT were significantly less than those in the 58 patients with normal erectile function (FMD 2.84 vs 3.82%, P = 0.038, and AT 11.2 vs 12.7 mL/kg/min, P = 0.022). Exercise tolerance significantly increased the number of EPCs in the patients with and without ED (49–60 cells/100 μL, P = 0.015, and 72–99 cells/100 μL, P = 0.003). In the diabetic patients without autonomic neuropathy, FMD was significantly reduced in the patients with ED than those without ED (P = 0.015). In response to exercise tolerance, the number of EPCs increased in both the diabetic patients with ED (P = 0.003) and without ED (P = 0.007). In contrast, in the diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy, there was no difference in FMD between the patients with and without ED. The exercise tolerance increased the number of EPCs in the patients without ED (P = 0.023), but it disappeared in those with ED.Conclusions
ED diabetic patients have endothelial impairment during the early period of diabetic complications, whose deranged endothelial function is concomitantly repaired by promoting bone marrow‐derived EPCs.
Projecting species’ range expansion dynamics: sources of systematic biases when scaling up patterns and processes
Authors: Bocedi Greta , Pe’er Guy , Heikkinen Risto K. , Matsinos Yiannis , Travis Justin M. J. 
Published: July 2012

Summary1. Dynamic simulation models are a promising tool for assessing how species respond to habitat fragmentation and climate change. However, sensitivity of their outputs to impacts of spatial resolution is insufficiently known.2. Using an individual‐based dynamic model for species’ range expansion, we demonstrate an inherent risk of substantial biases resulting from choices relating to the resolution at which key patterns and processes are modelled.3. Increasing cell size leads to overestimating dispersal distances, the extent of the range shift and population size. Overestimation accelerates with cell size for species with short dispersal capacity and is particularly severe in highly fragmented landscapes.4. The overestimation results from three main interacting sources: homogenisation of spatial information, alteration of dispersal kernels and stabilisation/aggregation of population dynamics.5. We urge for caution in selecting the spatial resolution used in dynamic simulations and other predictive models and highlight the urgent need to develop upscaling methods that maintain important patterns and processes at fine scales.
Fractures of the tibial malleoli
Authors: Smith M. R. W. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryFractures of the tibial malleoli are relatively uncommon injuries, and most frequently affect the lateral malleolus. They most commonly occur following falls. The tibial malleoli have extensive collateral ligament attachments, and this is likely to contribute to fracture pathogenesis. Although most fractures are best managed by surgical removal, large fractures should be repaired as removal may result in tarsal instability. Arthroscopic removal has recently become the standard of care for most fractures, and good results can be expected following surgery.
Product standardisation as a tool to control prescribing costs – a case study of alginate liquid preparations
Authors: Alahdab Ola G , Crealey Grainne , Scott Michael G , Mairs Jill , McElnay James C 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Product standardisation involves promoting the prescribing of pre-selected products within a particular category across a healthcare region and is designed to improve patient safety by promoting continuity of medicine use across the primary/secondary care interface, in addition to cost containment without compromising clinical care (i.e. maintaining safety and efficacy).

Objectives
To examine the impact of product standardisation on the prescribing of compound alginate preparations within primary care in Northern Ireland.

Methods
Data were obtained on alginate prescribing from the Northern Ireland Central Services Agency (Prescription Pricing Branch), covering a period of 43 months. Two standardisation promotion interventions were carried out at months 18 and 33. In addition to conventional statistical analyses, a simple interrupted time series analysis approach, using graphical interpretation, was used to facilitate interpretation of the data.

Results
There was a significant increase in the prescribed share of the preferred alginate product in each of the four health boards in Northern Ireland and a decrease in the cost per Defined Daily Dose for alginate liquid preparations overall. Compliance with the standardisation policy was, however, incomplete and was influenced to a marked degree by the activities of the pharmaceutical industry. The overall economic impact of the prescribing changes during the study was small (3.1%).

Conclusion
The findings suggested that product standardisation significantly influenced the prescribing pattern for compound alginate liquid preparations within primary care across Northern Ireland.
Endocannabinoid‐dependent plasticity at spinal nociceptor synapses
Authors: Kato Ako , Punnakkal Pradeep , Pernía‐Andrade Alejandro Javier , von Schoultz Carolin , Sharopov Salim , Nyilas Rita , Katona István , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich 
Published: July 2012

Key points
Synaptic plasticity between primary nociceptors and second order dorsal horn neurons serves key roles in pain and analgesia
A contribution of NMDA receptors to long‐term potentiation and long‐term depression at these synapses has been demonstrated before, but much less is known about a possible role of endocannabinoids and cannabinoid (CB)1 receptors.
Here we show that CB1 receptors residing on the spinal terminals of primary nociceptors critically contribute to an NMDA receptor‐independent form of long‐term depression at these synapses, which requires simultaneous pre‐ and postsynaptic activity.
A similar long‐lasting depression of nociceptive signal transmission can also be obtained with application of CB1 receptor agonists in the presence of presynaptic stimulation alone.
These findings identify a previously unknown form of long‐term depression at spinal nociceptor synapses, which may be important for our understanding of pain‐related neural plasticity and analgesic actions of CB1 receptor agonists.
Abstract  Neuroplastic changes at the spinal synapses between primary nociceptors and second order dorsal horn neurons play key roles in pain and analgesia. NMDA receptor‐dependent forms of long‐term plasticity have been studied extensively at these synapses, but little is known about possible contributions of the endocannabinoid system. Here, we addressed the role of cannabinoid (CB)1 receptors in activity‐dependent plasticity at these synapses. We report that conditional low‐frequency stimulation of high‐threshold primary sensory nerve fibres paired with depolarisation of the postsynaptic neuron evoked robust long‐term depression (LTD) of excitatory synaptic transmission by about 40% in the vast majority (90%) of recordings made in wild‐type mice. When recordings were made from global or nociceptor‐specific CB1 receptor‐deficient mice (CB1−/− mice and sns‐CB1−/− mice), the portion of neurons exhibiting LTD was strongly reduced to about 25%. Accordingly, LTD was prevented to a similar extent by the CB1 receptor antagonist AM 251 and mimicked by pharmacological activation of CB1 receptors. In a subset of neurons with EPSCs of particularly high stimulation thresholds, we furthermore found that the absence of CB1 receptors in CB1−/− and sns‐CB1−/− mice converted the response to the paired conditioning stimulation protocol from LTD to long‐term potentiation (LTP). Our results identify CB1 receptor‐dependent LTD as a form of synaptic plasticity previously unknown in spinal nociceptors. They furthermore suggest that prevention of LTP may be a second hitherto unknown function of CB1 receptors in primary nociceptors. Both findings may have important implications for our understanding of endogenous pain control mechanisms and of analgesia evoked by cannabinoid receptor agonists.