bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low flow‐mediated constriction: prevalence, impact and physiological determinant
Authors: Harrison Michelle , Parkhurst Kristin , Tarumi Takashi , Lin Hsin‐Fu , Tanaka Hirofumi 
Published: May 2011

SummaryFlow‐mediated dilation (FMD) is a surrogate marker for endothelial function. In the FMD procedure, arterial response during cuff inflation is not taken into consideration yet studies have demonstrated vasoconstriction, vasodilation and no change in the brachial artery during cuff inflation. The term low flow‐mediated constriction (L‐FMC) has been introduced to describe the vasoconstriction that occurs in some individuals during inflation of the cuff. The aims of this study were to examine (i) whether brachial artery response during cuff inflation differed in a population with varied coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor profiles, (ii) the impact of this response on the subsequent calculation of FMD and (iii) the role of arterial stiffness in this variable response. L‐FMC, ‘traditional’ FMD and ‘modified’ FMD, which accounts for brachial artery response during cuff inflation, were studied in a total of 46 subjects varying in risk factor profiles for coronary artery disease. During cuff inflation, brachial artery responses varied widely from −5·6% (vasoconstriction) to 5·0% (vasodilation). When subjects were divided into healthy versus multiple risk factors (n = 34), L‐FMC and FMD were not different between the groups but modified FMD was significantly different (P = 0·02). L‐FMC was modestly but significantly associated with FMD (r = 0·41) and positively correlated with brachial artery pulse wave velocity (r = 0·30). Our results indicate that brachial artery responses to inflation of the cuff are very variable and are associated with arterial stiffness and that accounting for so‐called L‐FMC may provide a more comprehensive assessment of endothelial vasodilatory function.
Effect of Suspending Viscosity on Red Blood Cell Dynamics and Blood Flows in Microvessels
Authors: ZHANG JUNFENG 
Published: May 2011

Please cite this paper as:Zhang (2011). Effect of Suspending Viscosity on Red Blood Cell Dynamics and Blood Flows in Microvessels.Microcirculation 18(7), 562–573.AbstractTo obtain a better understanding of the beneficial effect of high plasma viscosity observed in hemodilution and resuscitation experiments, we conducted a computational study to investigate the suspending viscosity effect on red blood cell (RBC) dynamics and blood flow behaviors in microvessels. For single RBCs in simple shear or channel flows, RBCs appear more flexible as indicated by the tank‐treading motion in shear flows and the strong transverse migration in channel flows. For the multiple RBC flows in straight channels, our results indicate no significant change with the suspending viscosity in stable flow structure and hemorheologic behaviors, under both constant flow and forcing conditions. However, due to the increase in apparent cell deformability in a more viscous medium, the cell‐free layer (CFL) can be established in a shorter distance along the channel. Considering the multilevel bifurcated structure of the microvascular network, this change in CFL development distance may affect the phase skimming and RBC separation processes at the downstream bifurcation, and therefore the microcirculation performance in the tissue. This may suggest a possible mechanism for the high functional capillary density associated with a high suspending viscosity observed in experiments.
Use of vaginal hysterectomy in Denmark: rates, indications and patient characteristics
Authors: NIELSEN SIDSEL LYKKE , DAUGBJERG SIGNE B. , GIMBEL HELGA , SETTNES ANNETTE ,   the Steering Committee of the Danish Hysterectomy Database
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective. To describe the use of vaginal, abdominal and laparoscopic hysterectomy in Denmark from 1999 to 2008, the influence of national guidelines and the patient and procedure‐related characteristics associated with the choice of vaginal hysterectomy. Design. Nationwide register‐based cohort study. Setting. Danish Hysterectomy Database and Danish National Patient Registry. Population. All women with a hysterectomy for benign indications in Denmark from 1999 to 2008. Methods. The incidence rate/100 000 women was used to describe the route of surgery in hysterectomies of 50 755 women. A multiple logistic regression analysis was done to examine the association between patient‐ and procedure‐related characteristics and choice of surgical procedure including 20 486 women. Main outcome measures. Trends in surgical approach from 1999 to 2008. Patient‐ and surgery‐related characteristics associated with vaginal hysterectomy from 2004 to 2008. Results. There was an overall increase in the use of vaginal hysterectomies from 12 to 34%, a decrease in the use of abdominal hysterectomies and a consistent number of laparoscopic hysterectomies. The number of vaginal hysterectomies varied between regions, ranging from 2 to 86%. The use of vaginal hysterectomy was not dependent on the total number of hysterectomies performed at the hospital. The characteristics associated with vaginal hysterectomy were higher age, smaller uterus size, indications for surgery (genital prolapse and severe uterine bleeding), less smoking and moderate alcohol intake. Conclusions: Vaginal hysterectomy has replaced abdominal hysterectomy increasingly but cannot be directly correlated to the implementation of national guidelines as there was large national variation. Several characteristics are significantly associated with vaginal hysterectomy.
Recurrent early pregnancy loss and consanguinity in Omani couples
Authors: GOWRI VAIDYANATHAN , UDAYAKUMAR ACHANDIRA MUTHAPPA , BSISO WAFA , AL FARSI YAHAYA , RAO KUNTAL 
Published: May 2011

AbstractConsanguinity is common in Arab countries. The Sultanate of Oman has a relatively small population with a high prevalence of consanguineous marriages. This is a retrospective study of women who had three or more consecutive miscarriages between January 2002 and December 2008, investigated in the non‐pregnant state. Age, parity, menstrual history, number of miscarriages, personal and family history, history of consanguinity and investigations were collected for 141 patients. The mean number of miscarriages was 3.4; 53% of the women had a consanguineous marriage, 42% were non‐consanguineous and in 5% the marital interrelationship was unknown. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of parental karyotype abnormalities, anticardiolipin antibodies, antinuclear antibodies, thyroid disorders, or lupus between the consanguineous and non‐consanguineous couples. Consanguinity appeared not to play a significant role in the etiology of recurrent spontaneous miscarriage.
Distribution of dystrophin‐ and utrophin‐associated protein complexes (DAPC/UAPC) in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Teniente‐De Alba Carmen , Martínez‐Vieyra Ivette , Vivanco‐Calixto Raúl , Galván Iván J. , Cisneros Bulmaro , Cerecedo Doris 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are defined by their cardinal properties, such as sustained proliferation, multilineage differentiation, and self‐renewal, which give rise to a hierarchy of progenitor populations with more restricted potential lineage, ultimately leading to the production of all types of mature blood cells. HSC are anchored by cell adhesion molecules to their specific microenvironment, thus regulating their cell cycle, while cell migration is essentially required for seeding the HSC of the fetal bone marrow (BM) during development as well as in adult BM homeostasis. The dystrophin‐associated protein complex (DAPC) is a large group of membrane‐associated proteins linking the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and exhibiting scaffolding, adhesion, and signaling roles in muscle and non‐muscle cells including mature blood cells. Because adhesion and migration are mechanisms that influence the fate of the HSC, we explored the presence and the feasible role of DAPC. In this study, we characterized the pattern expression by immunoblot technique and, by confocal microscopy analysis, the cellular distribution of dystrophin and utrophin gene products, and the dystrophin‐associated proteins (α‐, β‐dystroglycan, α‐syntrophin, α‐dystrobrevin) in relation to actin filaments in freshly isolated CD34+ cells from umbilical cord blood. Immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated the presence of Dp71d/Dp71Δ110m∼DAPC and Up400/Up140∼DAPC. The subcellular distribution of the two DAPC in actin‐based structures suggests their dynamic participation in adhesion and cell migration. In addition, the particular protein pattern expression found in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells might be indicative of their feasible participation during differentiation.
G‐CSF enhances the proliferation and mobilization, but not the maturation rate, of murine myeloid cells
Authors: Knudsen Eirunn , Iversen Per Ole , Bøyum Arne , Seierstad Therese , Nicolaysen Gunnar , Benestad Haakon B. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives:  Whether G‐CSF enhances the maturation of neutrophilic granulocytes or just accelerates the mobilization of mature and maturing granulocytes from bone marrow to blood, or both, is not clear. Using an in vivo culture system where such mobilization cannot take place, we previously showed that G‐CSF did not accelerate maturation. To further clarify the role of G‐CSF, we now have examined its effect on murine granulopoiesis in situ.Methods:  Murine bone marrow precursors in S‐phase were labeled with BrdU, and hematopoiesis stimulated by the long‐acting G‐CSF compound pegfilgrastim (peg‐G‐CSF). Performing flow cytometric analysis of incorporated BrdU and the granulocyte maturation antigen Gr1, we investigated the cell flux from the proliferative to the non‐proliferative granulocyte compartments in bone marrow and further from bone marrow to blood.Results:  Peg‐G‐CSF mobilized neutrophils from bone marrow to blood and markedly increased their concentration in blood for several days. It also increased the proliferation of precursor cells. Newly produced, less mature granulocytes (Gr1+BrdU+) travelled faster to blood in treated mice than in controls. The flow cytometric and cell density analyses of the bone marrow cells showed that peg‐G‐CSF skewed the population toward less mature cells, mainly because of the mobilization of granulocytes to blood.Conclusions:  Collectively, our data do not support the notion that G‐CSF accelerates murine granulocyte maturation per se.
Clinical long‐term studies: data collection and assessment
Authors: Boehncke Wolf‐Henning 
Published: May 2011

SummaryShort‐term randomized controlled clinical trials often provide the basis of regulatory approval for a new drug application, while long‐term clinical studies are essential for monitoring the (long‐term) effectiveness and safety of a drug. As the duration of a study increases and the number of patients continuing in the study declines, missing data become more of a problem, as they may bias the results. Therefore, standard analytical strategies used in short‐term trials (intention‐to‐treat, per‐protocol) may not always be appropriate for data generated in long‐term studies. In this article, commonly used analytical approaches in the assessment of clinical trial data will be reviewed. Given their specific characteristics, regulatory authorities and expert guidelines suggest to use several of these approaches in parallel to correctly interpret the data of long‐term clinical studies and to come to better informed decisions.
Push‐out bond strength of gutta‐percha with a new bioceramic sealer in the presence or absence of smear layer
Authors: Shokouhinejad Noushin , Gorjestani Hedayat , Nasseh Allen Ali , Hoseini Atefeh , Mohammadi Maryam , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the bond strength of a new bioceramic sealer (EndoSequence BC Sealer) and AH Plus in the presence or absence of smear layer. Extracted single‐rooted human teeth were prepared and randomly divided into four groups. In groups 1 and 3, the root canals were finally irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl and smear layer was not removed, but in groups 2 and 4, the root canals were finally irrigated with 17% EDTA followed by 5.25% NaOCl in order to remove the smear layer. In groups 1 and 2, the root canals were obturated with gutta‐percha/AH Plus, but in groups 3 and 4, obturation was performed with gutta‐percha/EndoSequence BC Sealer. Push‐out bond strength and failure modes were evaluated. The bond strength of gutta‐percha/AH Plus and gutta‐percha/EndoSequence BC Sealer was not significantly different (P = 0.89). The presence or absence of smear layer did not significantly affect the bond strength of filling materials (P = 0.69). The mode of bond failure was mainly cohesive for all groups. In conclusion, the bond strength of the new bioceramic sealer was equal to that of AH Plus with or without the smear layer.
Evaluation of the colour change in enamel and dentine promoted by the interaction between 2% chlorhexidine and auxiliary chemical solutions
Authors: Souza Matheus , Cecchin Doglas , Barbizam Joao V.B. , Almeida José F.A. , Zaia Alexandre Augusto , Gomes Brenda P.F.A. , Ferraz Caio C.R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTo evaluate the colour change in enamel and dentine, promoted by interaction of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Fragments containing enamel and dentine were obtained from the crowns of extracted bovine incisors. Before and after immersion of the samples in the substances, they were evaluated with reference to the colour of the enamel and dentine. The values obtained in numerical scores were subjected to statistical analysis using Wilcoxon test. A colour change in the enamel and dentine in groups treated with CHX gel + NaOCl and CHX gel + NaOCl + EDTA, and a change in colour only in the dentine in groups treated with CHX solution + NaOCl and CHX solution + NaOCl + EDTA. When used prior to NaOCl, CHX has the ability to induce a colour change in dental structures.
Dental implants in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta: a retrospective and prospective study with review of the literature
Authors: Jensen J.L. , Brox H.T. , Storhaug K. , Ambjørnsen E. , Støvne S.A. , Bjørnland T. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim:  The aims of the present study were to retrospectively examine Norwegian patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and dental implants, and to prospectively study a group of patients with OI in need of such treatment. Our hypothesis was that implant treatment in these patients has approximately the same success rate as in healthy persons.Study group:  Seven patients with a diagnosis of OI and a total of 26 dental implants were invited to participate in the retrospective study. The prospective part of the study included a total of 20 implants in seven patients.Results:  The patients in the retrospective study were seen after an average of 74 months after loading, range 25–135 months. Two implants had been lost, both of them before prosthetic loading and in the same patient. Bone loss of 4 mm or more was seen around three implants in two patients. The patients in the prospective study were followed for a mean observation time of 20 months after loading, range 12–33 months. No implants were lost in that group, and only minimal bone loss was observed (less than 1 mm around two implants in one patient).Conclusion:  In these OI patients, the total implant survival rate was 95.7%, being 93.3% in the retrospective group and 100% in the prospective group, respectively.
Intraspecies and interspecies hybrids in Haliotis: natural and experimental evidence and its impact on abalone aquaculture
Authors: Lafarga de la Cruz Fabiola , Gallardo‐Escárate Cristian 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAbalone is a highly valued seafood in many parts of the world. Depending on size and species, it can fetch between US$15 and US$30 per kg in some markets. Because of its high value, abalone is cultured in several countries, including China, Australia, Japan, Chile, South Africa, Canada, Mexico, the USA and many other Asian countries, such as Thailand, the Philippines and Korea. Hybridization is widely used to improve specific traits in animal and agricultural stocks by using a new genetic conformation in the offspring. In general, hybridization offers several benefits in aquaculture conditions, such as improvements in growth rate, survival, food conversion and stress resistance (to temperature and disease). Under commercial conditions, hybrids make it possible to diversify the industry and to offer new products and gain new markets. This review examines evidence of wild and experimental hybridization among abalone species from several biogeographical areas worldwide, and provides information on the phenotype characteristics of artificially produced hybrid abalone. Genetic and phenotypic approaches were analysed to determine whether there is a relationship between the genetic variability and positive heterosis in hybrid crosses. In this review, we also reported embryonic and larval development of hybrid and genetic studies derived from gene expression analysis of thermal tolerance. Furthermore, alloenzyme, cytogenetic and molecular DNA markers were reviewed to certify the hybrid status in Haliotis. This review will also discuss the impact of intra and interspecies hybrids on abalone aquaculture worldwide.
Striped catfish farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: a tumultuous path to a global success
Authors: De Silva Sena S. , Phuong Nguyen T. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) (Sauvage), also referred to as tra catfish or sutchi catfish, farming sector is an icon of aquaculture development in Vietnam and globally. Over a decade it has developed from a humble backyard operation to one that currently accounts for the production of over one million tonnes, employing over 180 000 rural poor, and generating an export income exceeding US$ 1.4 billion (2010). It accounts for the highest average production, ranging from 200 to 400 t ha−1 crop, ever recorded for the primary production sector. The system is integrated and incorporates seed production, fry to fingerling rearing and grow‐out, and is concentrated in a few provinces in the Mekong Delta (8°33′–10°55′N, 104°30′–106°50′E), along two branches of the Mekong River. In essence, perhaps, the initial trade restrictions on catfish exports to the USA provided the impetus and then the associated developments from 2002 to 2005 of the sector to a great extent in seeking new markets. The explosion of tra catfish farming has resulted in many competitive sectors challenging this ‘tra catfish’ invasion into a globalized market. These confrontations still exist with many instances of attempts to discredit the sector and discourage international consumers. However, the Vietnamese catfish sector is resilient and has managed to withstand such pressures and continues to thrive. This paper reviews the development of catfish farming in the Mekong Delta, its current status and what is required to sustain it as a major food source and livelihood provider.
A Meta‐Analysis of Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Antiplatelet Effect of Clopidogrel
Authors: Chen Mao , Wei Jia‐Fu , Xu Yuan‐Ning , Liu Xiao‐Jing , Huang De‐Jia 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYPrevious mechanistic studies have suggested a possible interaction between proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) and clopidogrel. However, the results of clinical trials about the effects of PPIs on safety and efficacy of clopidogrel are controversial. The study sought to estimate the impact of PPIs on antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. The study performed a meta‐analysis of comparative concomitant use of clopidogrel with PPIs versus clopidogrel without PPIs studies published or presented to October 2010. Cardiovascular death, readmission for myocardial infarction/readmission for acute coronary syndrome, and nonfatal stroke were set as clinical endpoints. In randomized control trials (RCTs), the clinical endpoints risk ratio for clopidogrel with PPIs versus clopidogrel without PPIs was 1.20 (P= 0.34) in the random‐effects model and 1.03 (P= 0.63) in the fixed‐effects model. In observational studies, the risk ratio for the clinical endpoints for clopidogrel with PPI versus clopidogrel without PPI was 1.40 (P < 0.001) in the random‐effects model and 1.49 (P < 0.001) in the fixed‐effects model. Different assay methods showed that coadministration of clopidogrel with PPIs was associated with attenuation of clopidogrel's antiplatelet effect in vitro. This meta‐analysis indicated an obvious discrepancy between RCTs and observational studies with respect to the interaction between PPIs and clopidogrel.
Detection rate of lung cancer among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients regularly followed up by pulmonary physicians
Authors: Laisaar Tanel , Lill Hille , Kullamaa Anneli , Jõgi Rain 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground:  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been found to be an independent risk factor for lung cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether regular follow up of COPD patients increases the diagnosis of lung cancer at an early stage.Methods:  Case reports of 105 male moderate to severe COPD patients who participated in a clinical study were analyzed retrospectively. Throughout the 3‐year study period patients regularly visited a pulmonary physician. Investigations to detect lung cancer were ordered only with the presence of symptoms. The lung cancer incidence in the study group was compared to that of general male population matched by age.Results:  At the beginning of the study the mean age was 67 (range 55–81) years, mean smoking history 36.2 (range 11–102) years and mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 43.3% (range 22.7–59.7). During the study six lung cancers and five other cancers were diagnosed per 287 person‐years of observation. Only one lung cancer was operable, others were locally advanced or had distant metastases.Conclusions:  Despite the patients being followed up regularly by a pulmonary physician, most cancers were diagnosed at an advanced stage. The relative risk of getting lung cancer was 6.0 times higher (95% CI 2.7–13.3) among COPD patients than among the general population. The current study confirms that COPD patients have an increased risk of lung cancer. Moreover simple regular follow up of patients without special lung cancer screening investigations do not help to detect the cancer in its early stage. This study stresses the need to establish a more detailed follow‐up program for COPD patients to detect early lung cancer in this high risk population.