bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A potential role for CD25+ regulatory T-cells in the protection against casein allergy by dietary non-digestible carbohydrates
Authors: Schouten Bastiaan , van Esch Betty C. A. M. , Hofman Gerard A. , de Kivit Sander , Boon Louis , Knippels Léon M. J. , Garssen Johan , Willemsen Linette E. M. 
Published: June 2011

Dietary non-digestible carbohydrates reduce the development of cows' milk allergy in mice. In the present study, the contribution of CD25+ regulatory T-cells (Treg) was investigated using in vivo Treg depletion and adoptive transfer studies. Mice were orally sensitised with casein and fed a diet containing 2 % short-chain galacto-, long-chain fructo- and acidic oligosaccharides (GFA) or a control diet. Donor splenocytes of mice sensitised with casein and fed the GFA or control diet were adoptively transferred to naive recipient mice, which were casein- or sham-sensitised and fed the control diet. In addition, in vivo or ex vivo CD25+ Treg depletion was performed using anti-CD25 (PC61). The acute allergic skin response upon intradermal casein challenge and casein-specific Ig were determined. Furthermore, T-helper (TH) 1 and TH2 cell numbers were analysed in the mesenteric lymph nodes. The oligosaccharide diet strongly reduced the development of the acute allergic skin response, which was abrogated by the in vivo anti-CD25 treatment. The diet enhanced the percentage of TH1 cells and tended to reduce the percentage of TH2 cells in casein-sensitised mice. Recipient mice were protected against the development of an acute allergic skin response when transferred with splenocytes from casein-sensitised GFA-fed donor mice before sensitisation. Ex vivo depletion of CD25+ Treg abrogated this transfer of tolerance. Splenocytes from sham-sensitised GFA-fed donor mice did not suppress the allergic response in recipient mice. In conclusion, CD25+ Treg contribute to the suppression of the allergic effector response in casein-sensitised mice induced by dietary intervention with non-digestible carbohydrates.
SNP and mRNA expression for glutathione peroxidase 4 in Kashin-Beck disease
Authors: Hong Du Xiao , Xia Dai Xiao , Xia Song Rui , Zhen Zou Xiu , Yan Sun Wen , Yan Mo Xiao , Lu Bai Guang , Min Xiong Yong 
Published: June 2011

Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a chronic endemic osteoarthropathy, which mainly occurs in West and Northeast China. Epidemiological studies suggest that Se deficiency is an important environmental factor for the incidence of KBD. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family, which is crucial for optimal antioxidant defences. Our purpose is to investigate the putative association between GPx4 polymorphisms and the risk of KBD. Restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR was used to detect two SNP (rs713041, rs4807542) in 219 cases and 194 controls in Han Chinese subjects, and quantitative analysis for the GPx4 mRNA level was performed by the real-time PCR method. The results revealed that linkage disequilibrium existed in the two SNP. A significant difference was observed in the haplotype A-T (P = 0·0066) of GPx4, which was obviously lower in the KBD cases (0·006 v. 0·032 %). Correlation analysis based on a single locus showed no association between each SNP and KBD risk. Furthermore, the GPx4 mRNA level was dramatically lower in the blood of KBD patients. Overall, our finding indicated GPx4 polymorphisms and decreased mRNA level may be related to the development of KBD in the Chinese population, suggesting GPx4 as a possible candidate susceptibility gene for KBD.
Apatite fission-track thermochronology of the Western Pontides (NW Turkey)
Authors: CAVAZZA WILLIAM , FEDERICI ILARIA , OKAY ARAL I. , ZATTIN MASSIMILIANO 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe results of apatite fission-track analyses of the Western Pontides of NW Turkey point to three discrete episodes of Cenozoic exhumation correlatable with major supraregional tectonic events. (1) Paleocene–early Eocene exhumation reflected the closure of the İzmir–Ankara ocean. (2) Late Eocene–earliest Oligocene exhumation was the result of renewed tectonic activity along the İzmir–Ankara suture. (3) Late Oligocene–early Miocene exhumation recorded the onset of northern Aegean extension. Samples collected north and south of the tectonic contact between the two terranes forming the Western Pontides (i.e. İstanbul and Sakarya terranes) record the same cooling events, suggesting that such terranes were amalgamated in pre-Cenozoic times.
Ageing driver licensing requirements and traffic safety
Authors: TAY RICHARD 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTAs the population in most developed countries continues to age, there is an increasing concern about its effect on traffic safety, resulting in calls to tighten the licensing renewal policies for mature drivers. This study examines the licensing requirements in five Canadian provinces and their respective vehicle collision rates for ageing drivers. Contrary to expectation, we find a positive correlation between the stringency of the licensing system and the mean crash rates. Therefore, increasing the mandatory testing and licensing requirements is not recommended at this time.
Morphological and behavioral limit of visual resolution in temperate (Hippocampus abdominalis) and tropical (Hippocampus taeniopterus) seahorses
Authors: LEE HIE RIN , BUMSTED O’BRIEN KEELY M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSeahorses are visually guided feeders that prey upon small fast-moving crustaceans. Seahorse habitats range from clear tropical to turbid temperate waters. How are seahorse retinae specialized to mediate vision in these diverse environments? Most species of seahorse have a specialization in their retina associated with acute vision, the fovea. The purpose of this study was to characterize the fovea of temperateHippocampus abdominalisand tropicalH. taeniopterusseahorses and to investigate their theoretical and behavioral limits of visual resolution. Their foveae were identified and photoreceptor (PR) and ganglion cell (GC) densities determined throughout the retina and topographically mapped. The theoretical limit of visual resolution was calculated using formulas taking into account lens radius and either cone PR or GC densities. Visual resolution was determined behaviorally using reactive distance. Both species possess a rod-free convexiclivate fovea. PR and GC densities were highest along the foveal slope, with a density decrease within the foveal center. Outside the fovea, there was a gradual density decrease towards the periphery. The theoretically calculated visual resolution on the foveal slope was poorer forH. abdominalis(5.25 min of arc) compared withH. taeniopterus(4.63 min of arc) based on PR density. Using GC density,H. abdominalis(9.81 min of arc) had a lower resolution compared withH. taeniopterus(9.04 min of arc). Behaviorally,H. abdominalishad a resolution limit of 1090.64 min of arc, whileH. taeniopteruswas much smaller, 692.86 min of arc. Although both species possess a fovea and the distribution of PR and GC is similar,H. taeniopterushas higher PR and GC densities on the foveal slope and better theoretical and behaviorally measured visual resolution compared toH. abdominalis. These data indicate that seahorses have a well-developed acute visual system, and tropical seahorses have higher visual resolution compared to temperate seahorses.
Successful surgical excision of a large left ventricular fibroma in a child
Authors: António Marta T. , Powell Andrew J. , del Nido Pedro J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPrimary cardiac tumours in children are rare. Despite the majority of these tumours being benign, they may cause blood flow obstruction, ventricular dysfunction, and life-threatening arrhythmias. We present a case of a 4-year-old boy with repeated presyncope episodes in whom we found a large left ventricular fibroma. Our case emphasises that surgical resection is safely feasible even with large fibromas, avoiding cardiac transplantation in childhood.
Systemic arterial supply of the right lung with venous drainage to the pulmonary arterial circuit
Authors: Fritsch Peter , Smolle-Juettner Freyja-Maria , Gamillscheg Andreas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn a girl suffering from “Scimitar syndrome”, a rerouting of the scimitar vein was performed at the age of 6 years, but no embolisation of the aberrant systemic vessel was done. She presented with recurring respiratory problems 13 years later. An angiography revealed an invert flow from the aberrant systemic vessel via the right pulmonary artery into the left pulmonary artery. After pneumonectomy, she recovered well.
Title VI and Fulbright-Hays Cuts Impact Social Science
Research
Authors: Marmon Brooks 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe APSA discovered just before going to press that the
Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad (DDRA) Program,
funded by the U.S. Department of Education, has been cancelled for
FY 2011. From the inception of the awards in 1965 through 1994, 13%
of all Fulbright-Hays fellowships supported students of political
science or economics. In FY 2010, at least ten doctoral political
science students received DDRA funding for work in locations ranging
from Brazil to Burma. The following article provides further
background and highlights some specific research projects DDRA
funding has enabled in Africa.When this article was written, it was hoped that in a worst-case
scenario, the FY 2011 budget passed by Congress would result in a
smaller overall number of awards. Unfortunately, the funding
constraints discussed here have been fully realized, causing this
year's program to be cancelled entirely. The piece remains in its
original form, in the hope that it poignantly illustrates the value
of DDRA funding and helps make the case for its restoration in the
FY 2012 congressional budget. The APSA continues to work with
several partners, including the National Humanities Alliance and the
Coalition for International Education, to reinstate this valuable
resource for the social science scholarship of our nation's emerging
academics.
Reducing the population's sodium intake: the UK Food Standards Agency's salt reduction programme
Authors: Wyness Laura A , Butriss Judith L , Stanner Sara A 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the UK Food Standards Agency's (FSA) salt reduction programme undertaken between 2003 and 2010 and to discuss its effectiveness.DesignRelevant scientific papers, campaign materials and evaluations and consultation responses to the FSA's salt reduction programme were used.SettingAdult salt intakes, monitored using urinary Na data collected from UK-wide surveys, indicate a statistically significant reduction in the population's average salt intake from 9·5 g/d in 2000–2001 to 8·6 g/d in 2008, which is likely to have health benefits.SubjectsReducing salt intake will have an impact on blood pressure; an estimated 6 % of deaths from CHD in the UK can be avoided if the number of people with high blood pressure is reduced by 50 %.ResultsSalt levels in food, monitored using commercial label data and information collected through an industry self-reporting framework, indicated that substantial reductions of up to 70 % in some foods had been achieved. The FSA's consumer campaign evaluation showed increased awareness of the benefits of reducing salt intake on health, with 43 % of adults in 2009 claiming to have made a special effort to reduce salt in their diet compared with 34 % of adults in 2004, before the campaign commenced.ConclusionsThe UK's salt reduction programme successfully reduced the average salt intake of the population and increased consumers’ awareness. Significant challenges remain in achieving the population average salt intake of 6 g/d recommended by the UK's Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. However, the UK has demonstrated the success of its programme and this approach is now being implemented elsewhere in the world.
Nutrient and food intakes differ among Latina subgroups during pregnancy
Authors: Hromi-Fiedler Amber , Bermúdez-Millán Angela , Segura-Pérez Sofia , Pérez-Escamilla Rafael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo document nutrient and food group serving intakes from food sources among Latina subgroups living in the same geographical area.DesignA cross-sectional study. Nutrient and food group serving intakes were assessed by means of a 24 h recall administered immediately after a prenatal survey.SettingHartford, CT, USA.SubjectsA total of 233 low-income pregnant Latinas. For analyses, Latinas were classified into two groups on the basis of self-reported ethnic identity: Puerto Ricans and non-Puerto Rican Latinas.ResultsPuerto Rican Latinas were more likely than non-Puerto Rican Latinas to be more acculturated and to consume foods (i.e. processed meat, cheese, soft drinks) and higher levels of nutrients (i.e. fat, SFA, MUFA,transfatty acids) that have been implicated in the development of chronic diseases. By contrast, non-Puerto Rican Latinas were more likely to consume foods (i.e. fruits, dark green/yellow vegetables, tomatoes, non-starchy vegetables) and higher levels of nutrients (i.e. fibre, vegetable protein, folate, β-carotene) that promote health when compared with Puerto Rican Latinas.ConclusionsFindings suggest that acculturation may play a role in dietary intake. Clinicians and dietitians need to be aware of these differences to encourage healthy eating patterns among more acculturated pregnant Latina clients.
Does consuming breakfast influence activity levels? An experiment into the effect of breakfast consumption on eating habits and energy expenditure
Authors: Halsey Lewis G , Huber Jörg W , Low Tzetze , Ibeawuchi Chinwe , Woodruff Polly , Reeves Sue 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo experimentally compare the effects of eating or skipping breakfast on energy expenditure, activity levels and dietary habits.DesignA randomised cross-over trial, lasting 2 weeks. Participants were provided breakfast during one week and were required to fast until mid-day during the other week.SettingUniversity campus.SubjectsForty-nine participants (twenty-six female and twenty-three male participants) were recruited. Food intake was monitored using food diaries, and energy expenditure was assessed using pedometers and heart rate monitors. Morningness–eveningness, physical activity and health were assessed using validated questionnaires.ResultsAcross all participants, daily energy expenditure did not differ between the two experimental conditions. Total energy intake over 24 h did not vary with condition (male participants: 8134 (sd447) kJ/d and 7514 (sd368) kJ/d; female participants: 7778 (sd410) kJ/d and 7531 (sd535) kJ/d, for the breakfast and no-breakfast conditions, respectively). However, when comparing habitual breakfast eaters with those with irregular or breakfast-skipping habits, it was found that male non-habitual breakfast eaters consumed significantly (P= 0·029) more energy during the breakfast condition. Furthermore, female participants who were habitual breakfast eaters were found to eat significantly (P= 0·005) more and later in the day under the no-breakfast condition.ConclusionsAlthough the suggestion that breakfast is a behavioural marker for appropriate dietary and physical activity patterns is not refuted by the present findings, our data suggest that the effect of breakfast may vary as a function of gender and morning eating habits, and thus there may be other mechanisms that link BMI and breakfast consumption behaviour.
Universal iron supplementation: a simple and effective strategy to reduce anaemia among low-income, postpartum women
Authors: Mitra Amal K , Khoury Amal J 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo reduce prevalence of anaemia in low-income postpartum women.DesignA randomised, non-blind clinical trial was conducted among 959 low-income, postpartum women in eleven clinics in Mississippi. The clinics were randomised to one of three treatment groups: (i) selective anaemia screening of high-risk women as recommended currently (control); (ii) universal anaemia screening and treatment of anaemic women (group I); and (iii) universal Fe supplementation of 65 mg/d for two months to all low-income women (group II). All study participants within each clinic received the same treatment. Women were followed up at 6 months after delivery. Hb was measured at baseline and at follow-up. The primary outcome variable was the proportion of women with anaemia after treatment.SettingEleven health clinics in Mississippi.SubjectsLow-income, postpartum women.ResultsBaseline characteristics of the three study groups were compared using one-way ANOVA and an appropriate post hoc test for continuous variables and the χ2 test for categorical variables. Fifty-two per cent of postpartum women were anaemic (Hb < 12·0 g/dl) and the rate decreased to 33 % at 6 months after the intervention. Group II women, who received universal Fe supplementation, improved their Hb status significantly (P < 0·001) at 6 months postpartum compared with the other groups. Prevalence of anaemia was also significantly lower among group II women (22·5 %) compared with controls (34 %) and group I women (43 %; P < 0·001).ConclusionsA universal Fe supplementation strategy was effective in reducing the prevalence of anaemia among low-income postpartum women.
Vitamin D and public health: an overview of recent research on common diseases and mortality in adulthood
Authors: Scragg Robert 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveThere is increasing interest in vitamin D and its possible health effects. The aims of the present overview are to summarise the research on common diseases for which there is substantial evidence on vitamin D, identify diseases where vitamin D may be beneficial and discuss the public health implications of these findings.DesignLiterature search of PubMed for the years 2000 to 2010 to identify cohort studies with baseline measures of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and randomised controlled trials (RCT) of vitamin D supplementation in relation to fractures, colorectal cancer, CVD and all-cause mortality. Risk ratios of disease from comparisons between 25(OH)D quantiles in these studies were summarised using RevMan software version 5·1 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen).SettingCommunity-based samples recruited into cohort studies from many countries.SubjectsOlder men and women, mostly above 50 years of age.ResultsWhen comparing the lowest 25(OH)D category with the highest (or reference), the pooled risk ratio (95 % CI) was: 1·34 (1·13, 1·59) for fractures from nine studies; 1·59 (1·30, 1·95) for colorectal cancer from nine studies; 1·35 (1·17, 1·56) for CVD from twelve studies; and 1·42 (1·23, 1·63) for all-cause mortality from twelve studies.ConclusionsCohort studies show that baseline 25(OH)D levels predict increased risk of fractures, colorectal cancer, CVD and all-cause mortality. These associations are weak and could be explained by confounding variables such as obesity and physical activity. Because of their potential public health significance, RCT using vitamin D doses ≥50 μg/d are required to determine whether vitamin D protects against these diseases.
Dimorphism in methane seep-dwelling ecotypes of the largest known bacteria
Authors: Bailey Jake V , Salman Verena , Rouse Gregory W , Schulz-Vogt Heide N , Levin Lisa A , Orphan Victoria J 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
We present evidence for a dimorphic life cycle in the vacuolate sulfide-oxidizing bacteria that appears to involve the attachment of a spherical Thiomargarita-like cell to the exteriors of invertebrate integuments and other benthic substrates at methane seeps. The attached cell elongates to produce a stalk-like form before budding off spherical daughter cells resembling free-living Thiomargarita that are abundant in surrounding sulfidic seep sediments. The relationship between the attached parent cell and free-living daughter cell is reminiscent of the dimorphic life modes of the prosthecate Alphaproteobacteria, but on a grand scale, with individual elongate cells reaching nearly a millimeter in length. Abundant growth of attached Thiomargarita-like bacteria on the integuments of gastropods and other seep fauna provides not only a novel ecological niche for these giant bacteria, but also for animals that may benefit from epibiont colonization.
The significance of nitrogen cost minimization in proteomes of marine microorganisms
Authors: Grzymski Joseph J , Dussaq Alex M 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Marine microorganisms thrive under low levels of nitrogen (N). N cost minimization is a major selective pressure imprinted on open-ocean microorganism genomes. Here we show that amino-acid sequences from the open ocean are reduced in N, but increased in average mass compared with coastal-ocean microorganisms. Nutrient limitation exerts significant pressure on organisms supporting the trade-off between N cost minimization and increased average mass of amino acids that is a function of increased A+T codon usage. N cost minimization, especially of highly expressed proteins, reduces the total cellular N budget by 2.7–10%; this minimization in combination with reduction in genome size and cell size is an evolutionary adaptation to nutrient limitation. The biogeochemical and evolutionary precedent for these findings suggests that N limitation is a stronger selective force in the ocean than biosynthetic costs and is an important evolutionary strategy in resource-limited ecosystems.
Community ecology of hot spring cyanobacterial mats: predominant populations and their functional potential
Authors: Klatt Christian G , Wood Jason M , Rusch Douglas B , Bateson Mary M , Hamamura Natsuko , Heidelberg John F , Grossman Arthur R , Bhaya Devaki , Cohan Frederick M , Kühl Michael , Bryant Donald A , Ward David M 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Phototrophic microbial mat communities from 60 °C and 65 °C regions in the effluent channels of Mushroom and Octopus Springs (Yellowstone National Park, WY, USA) were investigated by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Analyses of assembled metagenomic sequences resolved six dominant chlorophototrophic populations and permitted the discovery and characterization of undescribed but predominant community members and their physiological potential. Linkage of phylogenetic marker genes and functional genes showed novel chlorophototrophic bacteria belonging to uncharacterized lineages within the order Chlorobiales and within the Kingdom Chloroflexi. The latter is the first chlorophototrophic member of Kingdom Chloroflexi that lies outside the monophyletic group of chlorophototrophs of the Order Chloroflexales. Direct comparison of unassembled metagenomic sequences to genomes of representative isolates showed extensive genetic diversity, genomic rearrangements and novel physiological potential in native populations as compared with genomic references. Synechococcus spp. metagenomic sequences showed a high degree of synteny with the reference genomes of Synechococcus spp. strains A and B′, but synteny declined with decreasing sequence relatedness to these references. There was evidence of horizontal gene transfer among native populations, but the frequency of these events was inversely proportional to phylogenetic relatedness.