bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geopolitical risk, supply chains, and global inflation
Authors: Asadollah Omid , Carmy Linda Schwartz , Hoque Md. Rezwanul , Yilmazkuday Hakan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of global geopolitical risks and global supply chain pressures on global inflation for the monthly period of 1999M1–2022M12. The investigation is based on a structural vector autoregression model, where the effects of global oil prices and global monetary policy are controlled for. Four alternative measures of inflation are used, including headline, core, food, and energy inflation. The empirical results show that disruptions in global supply chains are the main drivers of global inflation in the long run as the corresponding shocks explain the lion's share of volatilities in headline inflation (by 32%), core inflation (by 30%), and food inflation (by 22%), followed by oil price shocks and policy rate shocks. In comparison, energy inflation is explained the most by oil price shocks (by 55%) followed by supply chain shocks and policy rate shocks. Positive supply chain pressure and oil price shocks have positive and statistically significant effects on headline inflation even after five years, whereas positive policy rate shocks have negative and statistically significant effects on headline inflation in the long run. In contrast, positive shocks to geopolitical risk result in higher headline inflation only up to one year, with insignificant effects in the long run. Several policy implications follow.
Bed rest impairs the vestibular control of balance
Authors: Mackenzie Stuart W. , Smith Craig P. , Tremblay Malcom F. , Day Brian L. , Reynolds Raymond F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProlonged bed rest impairs standing balance but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Previous research suggests strength loss is not the cause, leaving impaired sensorimotor control as an alternative. Here we examine vestibular control of posture in 18 male volunteers before and after 60 days of bed rest. Stochastic vestibular stimulation (SVS) was used to evoke sway responses before, 1 and 6 days after bed rest under different head yaw orientations. The directional accuracy and precision of these responses were calculated from ground reaction force vectors. Bed rest caused up to 63% increases in spontaneous standing sway and 31% reductions in leg strength, changes which were uncorrelated. The increase in sway was exacerbated when the eyes were closed. Mean directions of SVS‐evoked sway responses were unaffected, being directed towards the anodal ear and rotating in line with head orientation in the same way before and after bed rest. However, individual trial analysis revealed 25%–30% increases in directional variability, which were significantly correlated with the increase in spontaneous sway (r = 0.48–0.71;P ≤ 0.044) and were still elevated on day 6 post‐bed rest. This reveals that individual sway responses may be inappropriately oriented, a finding masked by the averaging process. Our results confirm that impaired balance following prolonged bedrest is not related to loss of strength. Rather, they demonstrate that the sensorimotor transformation process which converts vestibular feedback into appropriately directed balance responses is impaired.imageKey pointsProlonged inactivity impairs balance but previous research suggests this is not caused by loss of strength.Here we investigated vestibular control of balance before and after 60 days of bed rest using electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS) to evoke sway responses.Spontaneous sway significantly increased and muscle strength reduced following bed rest, but, in keeping with previous research, these two effects were not correlated.While the overall accuracy of EVS‐evoked sway responses was unaffected, their directional variability significantly increased following bed rest, and this was correlated with the increases in spontaneous sway.We have shown that the ability to transform head‐centred vestibular feedback into an appropriately directed body sway response is negatively affected by prolonged inactivity; this may contribute to the impaired balance commonly observed following bed rest.
Probabilistic Deep Learning Approach for Fatigue Crack Width Estimation and Prognosis in Lap Joint Using Acoustic Waves
Authors: Ojha Shivam , Shelke Amit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Accurate fatigue crack width estimation is crucial for aircraft safety, however, limited research exists on (i) the direct relationship between fatigue crack width and Lamb wave signatures and (ii) probabilistic artificial intelligence approach for automated analysis using acoustic emission waveforms. This paper presents a probabilistic deep learning approach for fatigue crack width estimation, employing an automated wavelet feature extractor and probabilistic Bayesian neural network. A dataset constituting the fatigue experiment on aluminum lap joint specimens is considered, in which Lamb wave signals were recorded at several time instants for each specimen. Signals acquired from the piezo actuator–receiver sensor pairs are related to the optically measured surface crack length. The sensitive features are automatically extracted from the signals using decomposition techniques called maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT). The extracted features are then mapped through the deep learning model, which incorporates Bayesian inference to account for both aleatoric as well as epistemic uncertainty, that provides outcomes in the form of providing probabilistic estimates of crack width with uncertainty quantification. Thus, employing an automated wavelet feature extractor (MODWT) on a dataset of fatigue experiments, the framework learns the relationship between Lamb wave signals and crack width. Validation on unseen in situ data demonstrates the efficacy of the approach for practical implementation, paving the way for more reliable fatigue life prognosis.
Numerical Calibration of the Mooring System for a Semi-Submersible Floating Wind Turbine Model
Authors: Bertozzi Andrea , Niosi Francesco , Jiang Xiaoli , Jiang Zhiyu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Numerical modeling of the floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) dynamics plays a critical role at the design stage of a floating wind project. Still, there exist challenges for verification of efficient engineering models against experimental results. Recently, an experimental campaign was carried out for a 1:96 downscaled model of the OC4-DeepCWind semi-submersible platform with mooring lines made of fiber ropes and chains. Leveraging the results of this campaign, this paper focuses on the development and calibration of a numerical model for the semi-submersible platform with a focus on the dynamic responses under bichromatic waves. In the numerical model, the hydrodynamic loads are modeled based on the potential flow theory with Morison drag. The lumped mass method is applied to model the mooring system. Both free decay tests and bichromatic wave conditions are considered in the model calibration process, and key uncertain parameters (e.g., mooring line length) that affect the response have been identified and discussed. Using the proposed calibration procedure, we establish a reasonably good numerical model for prediction of the platform motion and mooring dynamics. The low-frequency responses of the platform under bichromatic waves are well-captured. These outcomes contribute to the development of efficient numerical FOWT models under experimental uncertainty.
Effect of hepatocyte damage in hepatic fibrogenesis of patients infected with
Schistosoma japonicum
Authors: Lu Yaqi , Tang Wangxian , Zhang Heng , Liu Jing , Zhong Shan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem, and previous studies found that liver function and hepatic cells are damaged. To evaluate the serum parameters of liver function and fibrosis in schistosomiasis patients infected with
Schistosoma japonicum
(
Schistosoma J
.) and analyze the correlations between liver function and serum fibrosis markers in patients infected with
Schistosoma J
., this retrospective study enrolled 133 patients. The study population was divided into four groups: healthy people control group (
n
= 20), chronic schistosomiasis without liver cirrhosis (CS) group (
n
= 21), schistosomiasis cirrhosis without hypoalbuminemia (SC-HA) group (
n
= 68), and schistosomiasis cirrhosis with hypoalbuminemia (SC +HA) group (
n
= 24). Clinical and laboratory data were collected for analysis. In the multiple comparison of abnormal rates of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL), the abnormal rate of the SC +HA group was significantly higher than that of the other three groups (
P
< 0.05), and the abnormal rate of γ-GT in the SC +HA group was significantly higher than that in the control group (
P
< 0.05). Multiple comparison results of serum levels of fibrosis markers showed that the SC group had a significantly higher level of indexes than other groups (
P
< 0.05). The levels of TGF-β1 in the CS group, SC-HA group and SC +HA group were significantly higher than those in the control group (
P
< 0.001). Our study demonstrated that the liver function and hepatic cells were damaged with the progression of liver disease in patients infected with
Schistosoma J.
, and they played an important role in the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis.
Changes in the type 2 diabetes gut mycobiome associate with metformin treatment across populations
Authors: Van Syoc Emily , Nixon Michelle Pistner , Silverman Justin D. , Luo Yuhong , Gonzalez Frank J. , Elbere Ilze , Klovins Janis , Patterson Andrew D. , Rogers Connie J. , Ganda Erika 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

The human gut teems with a diverse ecosystem of microbes, yet non-bacterial portions of that community are overlooked in studies of metabolic diseases firmly linked to gut bacteria. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with compositional shifts in the gut bacterial microbiome and the mycobiome, the fungal portion of the microbiome. However, whether T2D and/or metformin treatment underpins fungal community changes is unresolved. To differentiate these effects, we curated a gut mycobiome cohort spanning 1,000 human samples across five countries and validated our findings in a murine experimental model. We use Bayesian multinomial logistic normal models to show that T2D and metformin both associate with shifts in the relative abundance of distinct gut fungi. T2D is associated with shifts in the Saccharomycetes and Sordariomycetes fungal classes, while the genera
Fusarium
and
Tetrapisipora
most consistently associate with metformin treatment. We confirmed the impact of metformin on individual gut fungi by administering metformin to healthy mice. Thus, metformin and T2D account for subtle, but significant and distinct variation in the gut mycobiome across human populations. This work highlights for the first time that metformin can confound associations of gut fungi with T2D and warrants the need to consider pharmaceutical interventions in investigations of linkages between metabolic diseases and gut microbial inhabitants.

IMPORTANCE
This is the largest to-date multi-country cohort characterizing the human gut mycobiome, and the first to investigate potential perturbations in gut fungi from oral pharmaceutical treatment. We demonstrate the reproducible effects of metformin treatment on the human and murine gut mycobiome and highlight a need to consider metformin as a confounding factor in investigations between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the gut microbial ecosystem.
Whole-genome sequence of six
Rhizobium laguerreae
strains
Authors: Kirichek Evgenii A. , Flores-Félix José D. , Velázquez Encarna , Tsyganova Anna V. , Tsyganov Viktor E. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Rhizobium laguerreae
is regarded as a promising candidate for biofertilization of legume plants worldwide through its high efficiency in symbiosis. In this paper, we report high-quality sequences of six
R. laguerreae
strains with total genome completeness from 93.5% to 97.5%.
Simple Method for Predicting the Heats of Formation of Energetic Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zeinab Dalirandeh  , Jafari Mohammad , Mousaviazar Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The heats of formation (HOF) of energetic materials is crucial in determining their performance. A novel approach has been introduced to accurately predict the condensed phase HOF of energetic metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs). The experimental condensed phase HOF data of 63 EMOFs were utilized to develop and evaluate the model. This model relies on particular chemical bonds, elemental composition, and some of the specific structural parameters that can be obtained from the chemical structures of EMOFs. This model can be easily applied to EMOFs with intricate compositions and structures, without the need for complicated computer codes. Statistical parameters along with the internal and external validation approaches were employed to assess the accuracy, precision, goodness-of-fit, and goodness-of-prediction of the model. Values of the coefficients of determination in training set, as well as internal and external validation, i.e., R2, $${\text{Q}}_{{{\text{LOO}}}}^{2}$$, $${\text{Q}}_{{5{\text{-fold}}}}^{2}$$, and $$R_{{{\text{External}}}}^{2}$$ are 0.96, 0.93, 0.91, and 0.94, respectively.
THE IMPACT OF CHINA’S CARBON PLEDGE ON THE COUNTRY’S HYDROPOWER PRODUCTION: EVIDENCE FROM THE STOCK MARKET
Authors: LI YAMIN , ZHU LINCHUANG , KWEK KEH , WANG WENBIN 
Published: May 2024

China’s national climate goals to “peak” its carbon emissions before 2030 and to achieve “carbon neutrality” before 2060 are considered to exert a considerable impact on the country’s production of hydropower, one of the major clean energy sources. Although the existing literature provides a large number of studies on the impacts of China’s “dual carbon” climate goals, only very few studies discuss their impact on the hydropower industry. This paper selects Chinese hydropower companies listed on the country’s stock market to examine. To overcome the traditional problem of the Chow test, the Quandt–Andrews test is used to identify the structural changes in the stock market performance data of those selected companies. The analysis provides essential evidence that shows the considerable impact of China’s announcement of “dual carbon” climate goals on the country’s hydropower industry.
Integrated Clinical Genotype–Phenotype Characteristics of STAT3-Mutated Myeloid Neoplasms
Authors: Ye Matthew T. , Zuo Zhuang , Calin Steliana , Ye Fengxi , He Hua , Kamata Wataru , Yang Yaling , You M. James 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
STAT3 is a key transcription factor that mediates cancer progression through phosphorylation or gain-of-function mutations. STAT3 activation in myeloid neoplasms (MN) is primarily mediated through phosphorylation. STAT3 mutation has only rarely been reported in MNs.

Experimental Design:
We assessed the clinicopathologic and molecular genetic features of 32 STAT3-mutated MNs.

Results:
The frequency of STAT3 mutation in MNs was &lt;0.5%. Twenty (62.5%) cases were classified as acute myeloid leukemia, 7 (21.9%) as myelodysplastic syndrome, and 5 (15.6%) as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, but none as myeloproliferative neoplasms. STAT3 mutations occurred at initial diagnosis in 22 (88%) cases or at relapse or upon leukemic transformation. Clonal hierarchy analysis revealed that STAT3 mutations represented the dominant clone in 30% of acute myeloid leukemia cases but were subclonal in myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Most were missense mutations located at the SH2 domain, Y640F being the most common. STAT3 mutation was accompanied by coexisting mutations in all cases, most frequently SRSF2, TET2, ASXL1, and SETBP1. STAT3 mutations were usually associated with morphologic dysplasia, increased blasts, and monosomy 7/del7q. With a median follow-up of 24.5 months, 21 patients died, 6 had persistent disease, and 5 achieved complete remission after stem cell transplantation.

Conclusions:
STAT3 mutation is present in various MNs but not in myeloproliferative neoplasms. It is often an early event or occurs upon leukemic transformation, which suggests an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of MNs by activating the JAK-STAT pathway. It may help determine a subset of patients with MNs who may benefit from targeted therapy.
See related commentary by Hochman and Frank, p. 4554
Nucleolar Localization of the RNA Helicase DDX21 Predicts Survival Outcomes in Gynecologic Cancers
Authors: Aljardali Marwa W. , Kremer Kevin M. , Parker Jessica E. , Fleming Elaine , Chen Hao , Lea Jayanthi S. , Kraus W. Lee , Camacho Cristel V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Cancer cells with DNA repair defects (e.g., BRCA1/2 mutant cells) are vulnerable to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) due to induction of synthetic lethality. However, recent clinical evidence has shown that PARPi can prevent the growth of some cancers irrespective of their BRCA1/2 status, suggesting alternative mechanisms of action. We previously discovered one such mechanism in breast cancer involving DDX21, an RNA helicase that localizes to the nucleoli of cells and is a target of PARP1. We have now extended this observation in endometrial and ovarian cancers and provided links to patient outcomes. When PARP1-mediated ADPRylation of DDX21 is inhibited by niraparib, DDX21 is mislocalized to the nucleoplasm resulting in decreased rDNA transcription, which leads to a reduction in ribosome biogenesis, protein translation, and ultimately endometrial and ovarian cancer cell growth. High PARP1 expression was associated with high nucleolar localization of DDX21 in both cancers. High nucleolar DDX21 negatively correlated with calculated IC50s for niraparib. By studying endometrial cancer patient samples, we were able to show that high DDX21 nucleolar localization was significantly associated with decreased survival. Our study suggests that the use of PARPi as a cancer therapeutic can be expanded to further types of cancers and that DDX21 localization can potentially be used as a prognostic factor and as a biomarker for response to PARPi.

Significance:
Currently, there are no reliable biomarkers for response to PARPi outside of homologous recombination deficiency. Herein we present a unique potential biomarker, with clear functional understanding of the molecular mechanism by which DDX21 nucleolar localization can predict response to PARPi.
A New Method for Calculating Instantaneous Atmospheric Heat Transport
Authors: Cox Tyler , Donohoe Aaron , Armour Kyle C. , Roe Gerard H. , Frierson Dargan M. W. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Atmospheric heat transport (AHT) is an important piece of our climate system but has primarily been studied at monthly or longer time scales. We introduce a new method for calculating zonal-mean meridional AHT using instantaneous atmospheric fields. When time averaged, our calculations closely reproduce the climatological AHT used elsewhere in the literature to understand AHT and its trends on long time scales. In the extratropics, AHT convergence and atmospheric heating are strongly temporally correlated suggesting that AHT drives the vast majority of zonal-mean atmospheric temperature variability. Our AHT methodology separates AHT into two components (eddies and the mean meridional circulation) which we find are negatively correlated throughout most of the mid- to high latitudes. This negative correlation reduces the variance in the total AHT compared to eddy AHT. Last, we find that the temporal distribution of the total AHT at any given latitude is approximately symmetric.
Colorectal Sarcomatoid Carcinoma: 30-Year Experience
Authors: Souza Dante L. S. , Kelley Scott R. 
Published: May 2024

Background: Primary colorectal sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare and aggressive malignant neoplasm that displays mixed epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation, with uncertain histogenesis. First described in 1986, there is a paucity of literature related to this condition and there are no evidence-based treatment guidelines. The aim of our study is to present our 30-year experience with primary colorectal sarcomatoid carcinoma. Methods: Retrospective single-center analysis of all patients treated for primary colorectal sarcomatoid carcinoma from 1992 to 2022. The primary outcome was response to treatment strategy and overall survival. Results: A total of six cases met eligibility criteria. Three were male (50%) with a mean age at diagnosis of 59 years (range, 49-72). Four neoplasms were located in the rectum (66%) and two in the colon. Mean tumor size at diagnosis was 4.8 cm (range, 2.8-7.0). Three patients were treated endoscopically and three underwent oncologic surgical resection. Five experienced recurrence and one expired from other comorbidities. The mean survival among those with colonic and rectal sarcomatoid carcinoma was 7 months (range, 3-11) and 39 months (range, 9-60), respectively. Discussion: Primary colorectal sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Treatment modalities have not been standardized and despite multimodal therapy, disease recurrence and/or metastasis is likely to occur. Further studies are necessary to determine optimal treatment to improve outcomes.
The Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio Modifies Lipoprotein (a)-Related Poor Prognosis in Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Lin Zhangyu , He Jining , Song Chenxi , Zhang Rui , Yuan Sheng , Bian Xiaohui , Dou Kefei 
Published: May 2024

Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] could contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD) through proinflammatory effects. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inflammatory biomarker. We consecutively enrolled 7,922 CAD patients to investigate the synergistic association of Lp(a) and NLR with prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). NLR was calculated as the neutrophil count divided by the lymphocyte count. Cutoff for NLR was a median of 2.07. The threshold value was set at 30 mg/dL for Lp(a). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction. During 2 years follow-up, 111 (1.40%) MACEs occurred. Lp(a) > 30 mg/dL was associated with an increased MACE risk in participants with NLR ≥2.07 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.84; 95% CI, 1.12–3.03], but not in participants with NLR <2.07 (adjusted HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.38–1.45) ( Pinteraction = 0.021). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the synergistic association of Lp(a) and NLR with prognosis was more pronounced in female patients ( Pinteraction = 0.028). This study suggested that combining Lp(a) and NLR may be useful for risk stratification in CAD population.