bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE DYNAMICS OF MEDICAL CARE USE IN THE BRITISH HOUSEHOLD PANEL SURVEY
Authors: Kohn Jennifer L. , Liu Jing Shi 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTWe explore whether medical care use is persistent over a long panel using 18 waves of the British Household Panel Survey. Of particular interest is high medical care use because a few high users account for a disproportionate amount of use while many individuals use no medical care in a given year. If health is a primary driver of medical care demand, and we control for health, then past medical care use should be uninformative for future use. However, we find that conditional on health, other covariates and unobservable heterogeneity, medical care use remains significantly persistent. “No use” and “high use” are more strongly persistent, and persistence is generally stronger for women, those in poor health, and at older ages. We find that unobservable heterogeneity explains between 10% and 25% of the variation in medical care use. This heterogeneity is significantly correlated with both medical care use and health over our long panel. These findings have implications for the econometric modeling of medical care demand and suggest that policies aimed to reduce aggregate medical care spending by improving health, particularly the health of seniors, may be less effective than projected using static models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying challenges and barriers in the delivery of primary healthcare at the district level: a study in one Thai province
Authors: Tejativaddhana Phudit , Briggs David , Fraser John , Minichiello Victor , Cruickshank Mary 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYIn 2001, the universal health coverage policy was adopted by Thailand with primary healthcare (PHC) as the major focus of the policy. In order to understand the structural and institutional factors affecting the implementation of PHC in rural Thailand, a qualitative study, utilising individual interviews with national and provincial policy decision makers, community health directors, heads of hospital primary care units, chiefs of district health offices, heads of health centres and community representatives, from one rural province was undertaken. Findings showed that the sustainability of PHC service provision under the administration of community hospitals is problematic as barriers exist at the policy and operational levels and access to PHC for all citizens may not be achieved until these barriers are addressed. Furthermore, although PHC needs to be acknowledged and implemented by all stakeholders within the health industry and government, the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders in health services management at the district level need to be clarified. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of hydrocarbon enthalpies of formation by various thermochemical schemes
Authors: Wilson Brent R. , DeYonker Nathan J. , Wilson Angela K. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe correlation consistent composite approach (ccCA) has been used to compute the enthalpies of formation (ΔHf′s) for 60 closed‐shell, neutral hydrocarbon molecules selected from an established set (Cioslowski et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2000, 113, 9377). This set of thermodynamic values includes ΔHf's for hydrocarbons that span a range of molecular sizes, degrees of aromaticity, and geometrical configurations, and, as such, provides a rigorous assessment of ccCA's applicability to a variety of hydrocarbons. The ΔHf's were calculated via atomization energies, isodesmic reactions, and hypohomodesmotic reactions. In addition, for 12 of the aromatic molecules in the set that are larger than benzene, the energies of ring‐conserved isodesmic reactions were used to calculate the ΔHf′s. Using an atomization energy approach to determine the ΔHf′s, the lowest mean absolute deviation (MAD) from experiment achieved by ccCA for the 60 hydrocarbons was 1.10 kcal mol−1. The use of the mixed Gaussian/inverse exponential complete basis set extrapolation scheme (ccCA‐P) in conjunction with hypohomodesmotic reaction energies resulted in a MAD of 0.87 kcal mol−1. This value is compared with MADs of 1.17, 1.18, and 1.28 kcal mol−1 obtained via the Gaussian‐4 (G4), Gaussian‐3 (G3), and Gaussian‐3(MP2) [G3(MP2)] methods, respectively (using the hypohomodesmotic reactions). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards high resolution membrane‐based pharmaceutical separations
Authors: Vanneste Johan , Ormerod Dominic , Theys Gert , Van Gool Dennis , Van Camp Bart , Darvishmanesh Siavash , Van der Bruggen Bart 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this work the possibility of using membrane cascades to carry out difficult pharmaceutical separations was explored. The effect of configuration on process yield, time and cost was studied for a challenging industrial separation: the separation of an intermediate I (MW 221 g mol−1) from an impurity, ethylene bromide (MW 188 g mol−1).RESULTSAll cascade configurations studied were capable of increasing the purity from a fairly low value, namely 26% to the 90% requirement. The results from the cascade modeling showed that the product yield effectively increased from 35.5% to 84.3% by adding two stages. From a cost analysis of a kilo scale plant it was derived that a two‐stage cascade with large area modules yielded the smallest total cost of € 515 082. A 7.0% decrease in cost of product loss or a 7.6% increase in membrane skid cost rendered a single stage economically optimal despite the low product yields. However, if at least six other separations with a comparable process time are carried out each year, then even three stages become economically optimal.CONCLUSIONHigh resolution separations are technically feasible with membrane cascades. The economic viability of membrane cascades increases dramatically with the cost of the product and the utilization of the equipment. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
A Combined Logarithmic Bound on the Chromatic Index of Multigraphs
Authors: Plantholt* Michael 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFor a multigraph G, the integer round‐up of the fractional chromatic index provides a good general lower bound for the chromatic index . For an upper bound, Kahn 1996 showed that for any real there exists a positive integer N so that whenever . We show that for any multigraph G with order n and at least one edge, ). This gives the following natural generalization of Kahn's result: for any positive reals , there exists a positive integer N so that + c whenever . We also compare the upper bound found here to other leading upper bounds.
Parallel MR imaging
Authors: Deshmane Anagha , Gulani Vikas , Griswold Mark A. , Seiberlich Nicole 
Published: June 2012

AbstractParallel imaging is a robust method for accelerating the acquisition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, and has made possible many new applications of MR imaging. Parallel imaging works by acquiring a reduced amount of k‐space data with an array of receiver coils. These undersampled data can be acquired more quickly, but the undersampling leads to aliased images. One of several parallel imaging algorithms can then be used to reconstruct artifact‐free images from either the aliased images (SENSE‐type reconstruction) or from the undersampled data (GRAPPA‐type reconstruction). The advantages of parallel imaging in a clinical setting include faster image acquisition, which can be used, for instance, to shorten breath‐hold times resulting in fewer motion‐corrupted examinations. In this article the basic concepts behind parallel imaging are introduced. The relationship between undersampling and aliasing is discussed and two commonly used parallel imaging methods, SENSE and GRAPPA, are explained in detail. Examples of artifacts arising from parallel imaging are shown and ways to detect and mitigate these artifacts are described. Finally, several current applications of parallel imaging are presented and recent advancements and promising research in parallel imaging are briefly reviewed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:55–72. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature on the variability of monsoon rainfall over India
Authors: Nayagam Lorna R. , Rajesh J. , Ram Mohan H. S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study focuses on the spatial and temporal variability of southwest monsoon (SWM) and northeast monsoon (NEM) rainfall over India, after the 1976–1977 regime shift. Through wavelet analysis the dominant mode of variability in the SWM and NEM rainfall is found to be in the 2–8‐year scale (ENSO band). Therefore, scale‐averaged wavelet power (SAP) of SWM (SAPSWM) and NEM (SAPNEM) rainfall obtained from a high‐resolution dataset for the period 1977–2001 was subjected to empirical orthogonal function analysis, in order to understand the homogenous regions of rainfall variability. As the study utilizes SAP, the decadal variability is observed in the spatial and temporal patterns of rainfall. The maximum variability of SAPSWM rainfall is found to be in the 2–4‐year period, whereas, for the SAPNEM rainfall, the biennial mode explains the variability over the core region of NEM rainfall. Significant power is also observed in the 4‐year period. The evolution of the principal components (PCs) is consistent with the above/below normal rainfall received over the region. Similar analysis has been carried out also for the SAP of monthly sea surface temperature (SAPSST) over Indian Ocean for the months from January to September. Compared with any other month, the decadal changes of the PCs of SAPSWM and SAPNEM rainfall are highly correlated with the decadal variations of PC1 of SAPSST for the month of March. Therefore, the relation between the rainfall and SST was explained using SAPSST for the month of March. Significant biennial power is also observed in March SST over southeast Indian Ocean (85–110°E and 5–40°S) after the climate shift of 1976. In order to identify any change in the relation between NEM rainfall and SAPSST (March) before and after 1976, a correlation between NEM rainfall and PC1 of SAPSST (March) was found for the period 1951–1975 and 1977–2001. Results show that correlation has increased after 1976. Therefore, this PC can be made use of in the prediction of NEM rainfall. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Optimization of the geopotential heights information used in a rainfall‐based weather patterns classification over Austria
Authors: Brigode Pierre , Bernardara Pietro , Gailhard Joel , Garavaglia Federico , Ribstein Pierre , Merz Ralf 
Published: June 2012

AbstractClassifications of atmospheric circulation patterns are useful tools to improve the description of the climate of a given region and the analysis of meteorological situations. In particular, weather pattern (WP) classifications could be used to improve the description of spatial heavy rainfall. Here, a bottom‐up approach, previously used to build WP classification in France, is applied for the definition of a WP classification useful for the description of Austrian heavy rainfall. The optimal spatial extent and the optimal position of the geopotential fields to be taken into account for a WP classification is studied. The proposed WP classification is shown to be coherent with the general knowledge on synoptic situations responsible for heavy rainfall over Austria. Moreover, the classification has good performances in terms of heavy rainfall spatial description compared to 152 COST 733 classifications defined in the same region. In particular, we show that the choice of spatial extent of the geopotential fields, their position and their characteristics is relevant for capturing physical information on synoptic situations responsible for heavy rainfall and that it can improve WP classification performances. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Rotator cuff tear reduces muscle fiber specific force production and induces macrophage accumulation and autophagy
Authors: Gumucio Jonathan P. , Davis Max E. , Bradley Joshua R. , Stafford Patrick L. , Schiffman Corey J. , Lynch Evan B. , Claflin Dennis R. , Bedi Asheesh , Mendias Christopher L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFull‐thickness tears to the rotator cuff can cause severe pain and disability. Untreated tears progress in size and are associated with muscle atrophy and an infiltration of fat to the area, a condition known as “fatty degeneration.” To improve the treatment of rotator cuff tears, a greater understanding of the changes in the contractile properties of muscle fibers and the molecular regulation of fatty degeneration is essential. Using a rat model of rotator cuff injury, we measured the force generating capacity of individual muscle fibers and determined changes in muscle fiber type distribution that develop after a full thickness rotator cuff tear. We also measured the expression of mRNA and miRNA transcripts involved in muscle atrophy, lipid accumulation, and matrix synthesis. We hypothesized that a decrease in specific force of rotator cuff muscle fibers, an accumulation of type IIb fibers, and an upregulation in fibrogenic, adipogenic, and inflammatory gene expression occur in torn rotator cuff muscles. Thirty days following rotator cuff tear, we observed a reduction in muscle fiber force production, an induction of fibrogenic, adipogenic, and autophagocytic mRNA and miRNA molecules, and a dramatic accumulation of macrophages in areas of fat accumulation. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1963–1970, 2012
The kinematics and stability of single‐radius versus multi‐radius femoral components related to Mid‐range instability after TKA
Authors: Stoddard James E. , Deehan David J. , Bull Anthony M.J. , McCaskie Andrew W. , Amis Andrew A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThere continues to be some dissatisfaction with the function of total knee arthroplasties (TKA). “Mid‐range instability” has been linked to multi‐radius femoral components allowing transient ligament slackness and instability during knee flexion. Single‐radius designs have been introduced to avoid this. We compared the kinematics and stability of eight natural knees versus multi‐radius and single‐radius TKAs in vitro. The loading conditions imposed across the range of active knee extension were anterior–posterior drawer forces, internal–external rotation torques, and varus–valgus moments. Significant differences were not found between the biomechanical behavior of the two TKAs. Both were significantly different from the natural knee in allowing greater anterior drawer laxity near extension, probably caused by excision of the anterior cruciate ligament, but no difference occurred beyond 30° flexion. No differences were found for any of the other degrees‐of‐freedom of movement. A geometric analysis suggested that the multi‐radius design may tense the MCL more than the single‐radius in mid‐flexion, contrary to expectation. These kinematic and stability tests did not find mid‐range instability of the knees, and so they could not demonstrate enhanced mid‐range stability of the single‐radius TKA over the older multi‐radius implant. This suggests that mid‐range instability may relate to unrecognized ligament laxity during surgery, rather than being inherent to a specific feature of implant design. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:53–58, 2012
Age‐related changes in gap junctional intercellular communication in osteoblastic cells
Authors: Genetos Damian C. , Zhou Zhiyi , Li Zhongyong , Donahue Henry J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAging demonstrates deleterious effects upon the skeleton which can predispose an individual to osteoporosis and related fractures. Despite the well‐documented evidence that aging decreases bone formation, there remains little understanding whereby cellular aging alters skeletal homeostasis. We, and others, have previously demonstrated that gap junctions—membrane‐spanning channels that allow direct cell‐to‐cell conductance of small signaling molecules—are critically involved in osteoblast differentiation and skeletal homeostasis. We examined whether the capacity of rat osteoblastic cells to form gap junctions and respond to known modulators of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) was dependent on the age of the animal from which they were isolated. We observed no effect of age upon osteoblastic Cx43 mRNA, protein or GJIC. We also examined age‐related changes in PTH‐stimulated GJIC. PTH demonstrated age‐dependent effects upon GJIC: Osteoblastic cells from young rats increased GJIC in response to PTH, whereas there was no change in GJIC in response to PTH in osteoblastic cells from mature or old rats. PTH‐stimulated GJIC occurred independently of changes in Cx43 mRNA or protein expression. Cholera toxin significantly increased GJIC in osteoblastic cells from young rats compared to those from mature and old rats. These data demonstrate an age‐related impairment in the capacity of osteoblastic cells to generate functional gap junctions in response to PTH, and suggest that an age‐related defect in G protein‐coupled adenylate cyclase activity at least partially contributes to decreased PTH‐stimulated GJIC. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1979–1984, 2012
First steps in the development of a psychological test on the effects of food on mental well‐being
Authors: Geier Uwe , Hermann Ina , Mittag Kathrin , Buchecker Kirsten 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHow do you feel after drinking milk or soy milk? The aim of this preliminary study was to find out if it is possible to measure the psychological effects of staple food items using a consumer test (according to DIN 10974), assessing the mental state of the participants. Results of two tests with dairy products and non‐dairy milk substitutes, two vegetable tests, and two tests with bakery products are presented and discussed in the context of the further development of a standardized and validated test to measure the effects of food on the human mental state. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The Depletion of Substituted Phenolic Stabilizers by Conjugate C‐Addition to Acrylic Monomers in Multicomponent Systems
Authors: Pavlinec Juraj , Kleinová Angela , Moszner Norbert 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe depletion of selected substituted phenol stabilizers from systems simulating self‐etching dental adhesives is studied. If the adhesive monomer is an acrylate derivative, the stabilizer disappears quickly. Experimental results support the hypothesis that the phenol stabilizers are depleted from the system via a non‐radical reaction with the acrylic double bond in addition to the free‐radical mechanism. The C‐conjugate addition of aryloxide anions to the acrylate double bonds (the Michael reaction) is proposed as the reaction mechanism. The rate of the acid‐catalyzed Michael addition between acrylate monomers and phenolic stabilizers depends on the strength of the acidic catalyst.magnified image
Estimating Kinetic Parameters for the Spontaneous Polymerization of Glycidol at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Weiss Maximilian E. R. , Paulus Florian , Steinhilber Dirk , Nikitin Anatoly N. , Haag Rainer , Schütte Christof 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe ring‐opening polymerization of glycidol at elevated temperatures is investigated. To improve the synthesis of dendritic polyether polyols, experiments are carried out without initiator to identify the influence of thermal side reactions. This results in a step‐growth polymerization caused by the spontaneous combination of monomers. Kinetic parameters of the side reactions are estimated by fitting simulated number‐ and weight‐average molecular weights to the experimental values measured at different reaction times during the polymerization. The reactions are conducted at three different temperatures of 90, 105, and 120 °C. It is shown that thermal side reactions lead to high dispersities of the final product and are highly sensitive to the reactor operating temperature. magnified image
Nonlinear wave equations of carrier type on manifolds
Authors: Antunes Gladson , Lopez Ivo F. , da Silva Maria Darci G. , Araújo Geraldo M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of a solution for differential equations of the carrier type on lateral boundary Σ of the cylinder Q, cf. (1). The main point is to transform this initial value problem into a differential operator equation of the type , cf. (6). The operator is defined in Section 2, and it acts in Sobolev spaces on Γ, boundary of Ω. The initial value problem (6) is investigated in Section 3 by the method of Faedo–Galerkin. Thus, we obtain the existence of a weak solution for (6), and in Section 4, we prove its uniqueness. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impairment of tumor‐initiating stem‐like property and reversal of epithelial–mesenchymal transdifferentiation in head and neck cancer by resveratrol treatment
Authors: Hu Fang‐Wei , Tsai Lo‐Lin , Yu Chuan‐Hang , Chen Pei‐Ni , Chou Ming‐Yung , Yu Cheng‐Chia 
Published: June 2012

ScopeRecent reports have demonstrated that head and neck cancer‐derived tumor‐initiating cells (HNC‐TICs) presented high tumorigenic, chemoradioresistant, metastatic properties, and were coupled with gain of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemotherapeutic effect and regulatory mechanisms of resveratrol on HNC‐TICs.Methods and resultsWe first observed that the treatment of resveratrol significantly downregulated the ALDH1 activity and CD44 positivity of head and neck cancer (HNC) cells in a dose‐dependent manner (p < 0.05). Moreover, resveratrol treatment reduced self‐renewal property and stemness genes signatures (Oct4, Nanog, and Nestin) expression in sphere‐forming HNC‐TICs. Additionally, the repressive effect of resveratrol on in vitro malignant properties including invasiveness/anchorage‐independent growth was mediated by regulating productions of EMT markers Slug, ZEB1, N‐cadherin, E‐cadherin, and Vimentin. Importantly, an in vivo nude mice model showed that resveratrol treatment to xenograft tumors by oral gavage reduced tumor growth, stemness, and EMT markers in vivo. Lastly, synergistic effect of resveratrol and conventional chemotreatment attenuated tumor‐initiating cells property in HNC‐TICs.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that resveratrol would be a valuable therapeutics clinically in combination with conventional chemotherapy treatment modalities for malignant HNCs by elimination of tumor‐initiating stem‐like and EMT properties.
A combined FIC‐TDG finite element approach for the numerical solution of coupled advection–diffusion–reaction equations with application to a bioregulatory model for bone fracture healing
Authors: Sapotnick A. , Nackenhorst U. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYNumerical schemes for the approximative solution of advection–diffusion–reaction equations are often flawed because of spurious oscillations, caused by steep gradients or dominant advection or reaction. In addition, for strong coupled nonlinear processes, which may be described by a set of hyperbolic PDEs, established time stepping schemes lack either accuracy or stability to provide a reliable solution. In this contribution, an advanced numerical scheme for this class of problems is suggested by combining sophisticated stabilization techniques, namely the finite calculus (FIC‐FEM) scheme introduced by Oñate et al. with time‐discontinuous Galerkin (TDG) methods. Whereas the former one provides a stabilization technique for the numerical treatment of steep gradients for advection‐dominated problems, the latter ensures reliable solutions with regard to the temporal evolution. A brief theoretical outline on the superior behavior of both approaches will be presented and underlined with related computational tests. The performance of the suggested FIC‐TDG finite element approach will be discussed exemplarily on a bioregulatory model for bone fracture healing proposed by Geris et al., which consists of at least 12 coupled hyperbolic evolution equations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.