bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Molecule Devices: Single Molecule Electronic Devices (Adv. Mater. 14/2011)
Authors: Song Hyunwook , Reed Mark A. , Lee Takhee 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSingle molecule electronic devices in which individual molecules are utilized as active electronic components constitute a promising approach for the ultimate miniaturization and integration of electronic devices in nanotechnology through the bottom‐up strategy. Thus, the ability to understand, control, and exploit charge transport at the level of single molecules has become a long‐standing desire of scientists and engineers from different disciplines for various potential device applications. Indeed, a study on charge transport through single molecules attached to metallic electrodes is a very challenging task, but rapid advances have been made in recent years. This review article focuses on experimental aspects of electronic devices made with single molecules, with a primary focus on the characterization and manipulation of charge transport in this regime.
Buyer beware: Personnel selling nail guns know little about dangerous tools
Authors: Lipscomb Hester J. , Nolan James , Patterson Dennis , Fullen Mark , Takacs Brandon C. , Pompeii Lisa A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundNail gun use is ubiquitous in wood frame construction. Accessibility and decreasing costs have extended associated occupational hazards to consumers. Compelling evidence documents decreased injury risk among trained users and those with tools with sequential triggers. To prevent inadvertent discharge of nails, this safer trigger requires the nose be depressed before the trigger is pulled to fire. The sequential trigger is not required by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) nor are there any guidelines for training.MethodsWe collected data from personnel at 217 points of sale/rental of framing nail guns in four areas of the country.ResultsSales personnel had little understanding of risks associated with use of framing nail guns. Individuals who had used the tool and those working in construction outlets were more likely to be knowledgeable; even so, less than half understood differences in trigger/actuation systems.ConclusionsConsumers, including contractors purchasing for workers, cannot count on receiving accurate information from sales personnel regarding risks associated with use of these tools. The attitudes and limited knowledge of some sales personnel regarding these potentially deadly tools likely contributes to a culture accepting of injury. The findings demonstrate how influences on the culture of construction are not limited to workers, employers, or the places construction gets done. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:571–578, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental assessment of nutrition and bone growth's velocity effects on Harris lines formation
Authors: Alfonso‐Durruty Marta P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHarris lines (HL) are radio‐opaque transverse lines traditionally associated with stressors that halt or decelerate growth in humans. Harris lines' status as a stress marker is, however, questionable because their association to illness and deficient growth is low and they commonly form in the absence of stress during periods of accelerated growth. To assess Harris line's reliability as a stress marker, this study examined their association with nutritional status and bone growth velocity through an experimental study in rabbits. Forty‐five New Zealand White rabbits were divided into: Control (normal laboratory conditions), Experimental‐1 (moderately undernourished), and Experimental‐2 (periodically fasted) groups during their growth. Variables analyzed included weight, forelimb length, humeral diaphyseal length, diaphyseal growth velocity, and number of Harris lines. Fewer lines were observed by the end of the study among Experimental‐1 animals. More Harris lines formed during periods of rapid growth in the absence of nutritional stress. Accordingly, Harris lines are a poor marker of stress. Intrinsic limitations to paleopathological studies can be overcome, but even the most careful attentiveness to multiple stress markers and cultural context will go amiss if the markers used are unreliable. Am J Phys Anthropol 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visinin‐like protein‐1: Diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Tarawneh Rawan , D'Angelo Gina , Macy Elizabeth , Xiong Chengjie , Carter Deborah , Cairns Nigel J. , Fagan Anne M. , Head Denise , Mintun Mark A. , Ladenson Jack H. , Lee Jin‐Moo , Morris John C. , Holtzman David M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective:There is a growing need to identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers that can detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in cognitively normal individuals because it is in this population that disease‐modifying therapies may have the greatest chance of success. While AD pathology is estimated to begin ∼10–15 years prior to the onset of cognitive decline, substantial neuronal loss is present by the time the earliest signs of cognitive impairment appear. Visinin‐like protein‐1 (VILIP‐1) has demonstrated potential utility as a marker of neuronal injury. Here we investigate CSF VILIP‐1 and VILIP‐1/amyloid‐β42 (Aβ42) ratio as diagnostic and prognostic markers in early AD.Methods:We assessed CSF levels of VILIP‐1, tau, phosphorylated‐tau181 (p‐tau181), and Aβ42 in cognitively normal controls (CNC) (n = 211), individuals with early symptomatic AD (n = 98), and individuals with other dementias (n = 19). Structural magnetic resonance imaging (n = 192) and amyloid imaging with Pittsburgh Compound‐B (n = 156) were obtained in subsets of this cohort. Among the CNC cohort, 164 individuals had follow‐up annual cognitive assessments for 2–3 years.Results:CSF VILIP‐1 levels differentiated individuals with AD from CNC and individuals with other dementias. CSF VILIP‐1 levels correlated with CSF tau, p‐tau181, and brain volumes in AD. VILIP‐1 and VILIP‐1/Aβ42 predicted future cognitive impairment in CNC over the follow‐up period. Importantly, CSF VILIP‐1/Aβ42 predicted future cognitive impairment at least as well as tau/Aβ42 and p‐tau181/Aβ42.Interpretation:These findings suggest that CSF VILIP‐1 and VILIP‐1/Aβ42 offer diagnostic utility for early AD, and can predict future cognitive impairment in cognitively normal individuals similarly to tau and tau/Aβ42, respectively. ANN NEUROL 2011;
Rewarding the resident teacher
Authors: McBride Jennifer M. , Drake Richard L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractResidents routinely make significant contributions to the education of medical students. However, little attention has been paid to rewarding these individuals for their involvement in these academic activities. This report describes a program that rewards resident teachers with an academic appointment as a Clinical Instructor. The residents participate in the laboratory portion of the anatomy program at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine. They prepare weekly cadaver dissections and present these dissections to the first year medical students. Guidelines developed by the anatomy faculty and approved by the appropriate committees at both the Cleveland Clinic and Case Western Reserve University establish requirements that a resident must meet to qualify for an academic appointment. Evaluation of this program indicates that it has been very successful based on medical student feedback, resident interest in gaining teaching experience, and residency directors appreciation of the opportunity for residents to gain valuable teaching experience in an academic setting. Anat Sci Educ © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
A Vanadium Porphyrin with Temperature‐Dependent Phase Transformation: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Supramolecular Motifs and Properties
Authors: Chen Wentong , Suenobu Tomoyoshi , Fukuzumi Shunichi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA vanadium porphyrin, V(O)TMeOPP (1; TMeOPP=5, 10, 15, 20‐tetrakis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐21 H, 23H‐porphyrin), has been synthesized by solvothermal reactions and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractions at room temperature and low temperature to reveal two different structures 1R and 1L, respectively. Both 1R and 1L crystallized in the orthorhombic system, but their space groups were different: Pbca and Pca21 for 1R and 1L, respectively. The cell parameters of a, b, and c were different and the cell volume of 1R was larger than that of 1L by circa 200 Å3. 1R and 1L were characteristic of an isolated motif with a five‐coordinate vanadium(IV) ion and a saddle‐distorted nonplanar porphyrin macrocycle. Molecules of 1R were interconnected through hydrogen‐bonding interactions to yield a 3D framework; whilst for the low‐temperature phase 1L, there were more hydrogen‐bonding interactions that link the molecules to construct a more‐complex 3D supramolecular network. In a solution of acetone, the title compound exhibited purple and green colors at room temperature and low temperature, respectively, which is unprecedented for vanadium porphyrins. The spectral data of UV/Vis, FT‐IR, and MALDI‐TOF‐MS of 1R and 1L are reported together with the electrochemical data.
Stabilization of impulsive hybrid systems using quantized input and output feedback
Authors: Yang Zhichun , Hong Yiguang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the feedback stabilization of impulsive control systems with quantized input and output signals. To study the problem, the notions of quasi‐invariant sets and attracting sets for impulsive systems with quantization are introduced first, and then applied to the control design. Hybrid quantized control schemes are proposed to stabilize the considered impulsive linear or nonlinear systems via either input or output feedback. Mathematical analysis and numerical simulations are given to show the principle and effectiveness of the proposed designs.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Kühlwirkung einer an die Sohlplatte gekoppelten Fußbodenheizung — demonstriert an einem bewohnten Einfamilienhaus
Authors: Hauser Gerd , Lindauer Erwin , Nimtsch Andreas , Sinnesbichler Herbert 
Published: April 2011

AbstractZur Steigerung der sommerlichen thermischen Behaglichkeit wurde in einem Ende 2008 in Berlin fertig gestellten Einfamilienhaus eine Sohlplattenrückkühlung an eine Fußbodenheizung angeschlossen. Hierbei ist die vorhandene Fußbodenheizung an ein in der Fundamentplatte verlegtes Rohrsystem gekoppelt. Die beschriebene experimentelle Untersuchung zeigt, dass die niedrige Temperatur des Erdreichs ausreicht, um mit Vorlauftemperaturen von ca. 22 °C die Raumlufttemperaturen während der Sommermonate auf ein behagliches Niveau von unter 26 °C zu begrenzen. Für den Betrieb der Umwälzpumpe ist nur ein geringfügiger Energieaufwand nötig. Diese Methode der passiven Kühlung über Sohlplatte zeichnet sich daher als besonders energieeffiziente Möglichkeit einer Gebäudekühlung aus. Nachdem nur vergleichsweise geringe Mehrinvestitionen für die Verlegung von Rohrmaterial und einigen hydraulischen Komponenten nötig sind, ist zu erwarten, dass diese Technologie auch im Wohnungsbau künftig stärker zum Tragen kommt.Cooling capacity of an underfloor heating system coupled to the base slab of an occupied single‐family home. To improve summer thermal comfort, a base‐slab recooling system was coupled to the underfloor heating system of a Berlin single‐family home built in late 2008. In the present case, the existing underfloor heat ing system is connected to a pipe network laid inside the foundation slab. The reported experimental investigation proves the low soil temperature to be sufficient to prevent summer indoor‐air temperatures from exceeding a comfortable level of 26 °C, using flow temperatures of approximately 22 °C. The energy demand for operating the circulation pump is only marginal, which is why this passive cooling method using a thermally activated ground slab is considered a particularly energy‐efficient solution for cooling a building. Given that only minor additional costs are required for laying the pipe network, for materials and some hydraulic components, this technology is expected to be applied more frequently in residential buildings, too.
A three‐dimensional colocalization RNA interference screening platform to elucidate the alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway
Authors: Osterwald Sarah , Wörz Stefan , Reymann Jürgen , Sieckmann Frank , Rohr Karl , Erfle Holger , Rippe Karsten 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA high‐content colocalization RNA interference screen based on automatic three‐color confocal fluorescence microscopy was developed to analyze the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway. Via this pathway telomerase‐negative cancer cells can maintain their telomeres and with it their unlimited proliferative potential. A hallmark of ALT cells is the colocalization of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies with telomeres to form ALT‐associated PML nuclear bodies (APBs). In our screen, the presence of APBs was used as a marker to identify proteins required for the ALT mechanism. A cell‐based assay and an automatic confocal image acquisition procedure were established. Using automatic image analysis based on 3D parametric intensity models to identify APBs, we conducted an unbiased and quantitative analysis of nine different candidate genes. A comparison with the literature and manual analysis of the gene knockdown demonstrates the reliability of our approach. It extends the available repertoire of high‐content screening to studies of cellular colocalizations and allows the identification of candidate genes for the ALT mechanism that represent possible targets for cancer therapy.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of intraoperative versus preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients with gallbladder and suspected common bile duct stones
Authors: Gurusamy K , Sahay S J , Burroughs A K , Davidson B R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Most patients with gallbladder and common bile duct stones are treated by preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (POES) followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Recently, intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (IOES) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been suggested as an alternative treatment.

Methods
Data from randomized clinical trials related to safety and effectiveness of IOES versus POES were extracted by two independent reviewers. Risk ratios (RRs) or mean differences were calculated with 95 per cent confidence intervals based on intention-to-treat analysis whenever possible.

Results
Four trials with 532 patients comparing IOES with POES were included. There were no deaths. There was no significant difference in rates of ampullary cannulation (RR 1·01, 0·97 to 1·04; P = 0·70) or stone clearance by ES (RR 0·99, 0·96 to 1·02; P = 0·58) between the groups. The proportion of patients with at least one post-ES complication, including pancreatitis, bleeding, perforation, cholangitis, cholecystitis or gastric ulcer, was significantly lower in the IOES group (RR 0·37, 0·18 to 0·78; P = 0·009). There was no significant difference in morbidity after laparoscopic cholecystectomy or requirement for open operation between the groups. Mean hospital stay was 3 days shorter in the IOES group: mean difference − 2·83 (−3·66 to − 2·00) days (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
In patients with gallbladder and common bile duct stones, IOES is as effective and safe as POES and results in a significantly shorter hospital stay.
Monitoring the Ammonia Loading of Zeolite‐Based Ammonia SCR Catalysts by a Microwave Method
Authors: Reiß S. , Schönauer D. , Hagen G. , Fischerauer G. , Moos R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractExhaust gas aftertreatment systems, which reduce nitrogen oxide emissions of heavy‐duty diesel engines, commonly use a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. Currently, emissions are controlled by evaluating NOx or NH3 in the gas phase downstream the catalyst and calculating the NH3 loading via a chemical storage model. Here, a microwave‐cavity perturbation method is proposed in which electromagnetic waves are excited by probe feeds and the reflected signals are measured. At distinct resonance frequencies, the reflection coefficient shows a pronounced minimum. These resonance frequencies depend almost linearly on the NH3 loading of a zeolite‐based SCR catalyst. Since the NH3 loading‐dependent electrical properties of the catalyst material itself are measured, the amount of stored ammonia can be determined directly and in situ. The cross‐sensitivity towards water can be reduced almost completely by selecting an appropriate frequency range.
Electrogenerative Removal of Cobalt from Sulfate Solutions Using a Batch Reactor
Authors: Tan Wan Xin , Mohamed Norita 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe electrogenerative removal of cobalt is conducted in a batch reactor equipped with three‐dimensional electrodes: Reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) and porous graphite (PG‐25) as cathode materials. In this process, a chemical reaction takes place spontaneously in a divided cell where cobalt is reduced at the cathode and zinc is oxidized to produce electrical energy without an external supply of energy. The results obtained show that RVC serves as a more suitable cathode material than PG‐25 in this system. At optimum conditions, more than 99% of cobalt were removed and recovered in its metallic state after 10 h of operation with an initial 200 mg L−1 Co(II) solution at pH 4 in 0.2 M Na2SO4 and 0.4 M boric acid. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses are performed to study the morphology and crystallographic patterns of cobalt deposits on the cathodes, respectively.
Determination of Cu, Fe, and Ni in Spices after Preconcentration on Diaion‐HP 20 Resin as Their Zincon Complexes
Authors: Karatepe Aslıhan , Soylak Mustafa , Elçi Latif 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this work, a new separation–preconcentration method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Fe(III) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Analytes were complexed by using zincon (2‐[2‐[alpha(2‐hydroxy‐5‐sulfophenylazo) benzylidene] hydrazino] benzoic acid sodium salt). The analyte ions were quantitatively adsorbed on a Diaion HP‐20 resin at pH 5. The retained metal ions on the resin were eluted by acetone. The analytical parameters such as pH of the sample, eluent type and volume, sample volume, and flow rates of the solution and the eluent were investigated. The influences of concomitant ions on the recoveries of the analytes were also examined. The instrumental detection limits for the analytes after application of the presented solid‐phase extraction procedure were in the range of 0.72–1.41 µg/L. The validation of the presented procedure was checked by analyzing certified reference material of SRM1515 Apple Leaves. The procedure was performed by analyzing some spice samples.
Human papilloma virus associated head and neck cancer: A PCR based study
Authors: Barwad Adarsh , Sood Swati , Gupta Nalini , Rajwanshi Arvind , Panda Naresh , Srinivasan Radhika 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHead and neck cancers (HNC), 90% of which are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), rank sixth among all malignancies worldwide and comprise 40–50% of the total number of malignancies in India. In addition to alcohol and tobacco usage, which is the major source of oral carcinogens, viruses such as human papilloma virus (HPV) may also contribute to development of the malignancy. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of HPV in head and neck cancers using material from metastatic site.A total of 111 cases of neck nodal metastases were included in this study. The primary was identified as oral cavity, oropharynx and nasopharynx. In a subset, the primary remained “unknown.” Polymerase chain reaction was carried out to detect HPV DNA on the fine needle aspirates.HPV was detected in 32.4% cases. Maximum positivity was observed in metastases from primary in the oral cavity (47.1%) with tongue (55%), followed by oropharynx (25%) and nasopharynx (5%) cases. In the unknown primary group, HPV was detected in 52.9% cases.Study defines the association of HPV with HNC in population of northern India. There was varied association of HPV depending on site of primary tumor arising in mucosal surfaces of head and neck region. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Versatile Coordination Modes of 2‐(Diformylmethylene)‐3,3‐dimethylindole towards Late‐Transition‐Metal Ions: C–H Bond Activation and Formation of Cyclic Acyl–Palladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Khaledi Hamid , Ali Hapipah Mohd , Olmstead Marilyn M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reaction of the potential multidentate ligand, 2‐(diformylmethylene)‐3,3‐dimethylindole (diformyl), with M(OAc)2 (M = CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, CdII, and PdII) afforded a series of metal complexes with different nuclearity in which the mono‐deprotonated diformyl behaves as an N,O‐bidentate chelate or N,O,O‐tridentate chelating‐bridging agent. The bonding modes of the ligand and thus the structures could be modified to some extent by further treatment of the complexes with an ancillary ligand (methanol, pyridine, or 4,4′‐bipyridine). In the case of the palladium(II) complex, the pyridine and 4,4′‐bipyridine adducts yielded C,N‐chelation of the metal ion through the aldehyde carbon and indolic nitrogen of the doubly deprotonated diformyl. The resulting acyl–palladium complexes were further bridged into polymeric structures when the dianionic diformyl behaved as a C,N,O‐chelating‐bridging ligand.
Iridium Phosphane Complexes Containing Arylspiroboronate Esters for the Hydroboration of Alkenes
Authors: Lee Graham M. , Vogels Christopher M. , Decken Andreas , Westcott Stephen A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIridium phosphane arylspiroboronate esters have been prepared by addition of B2cat3 (cat = 1,2‐O2C6H4) to the iridium precursors Ir(acac)(coe)2/PR3 (acac = acetylacetonato, coe = cis‐cyclooctene) or Ir(acac)(coe)2/P‐P (chelating bidentate ligands) at elevated temperatures. These novel complexes have been characterized by a number of physical methods including X‐ray diffraction studies for the PCy3 (2) and dppp (6, 1,3‐diphenylphosphanopropane) derivatives. The arylspiroboronate esters, as seen with the more common rhodium complexes, are bound to the metal centre via one of thebenzene catecholato rings. These organometallic complexes can be used as precatalysts for the selective hydroboration of vinylarene derivatives with HBpin (pin = 1,2‐O2C2Me4) to give the corresponding linear hydroboration products. Reactions with methyl oleate proceed at elevated temperatures to give the isomerised/hydroboration product selectively along with equal amounts of hydrogenation product.
The First P‐Stereogenic 1D Coordination Polymers with the Metal Centers in the Backbone
Authors: Salomon Christine , Fortin Daniel , Khiri Naïma , Jugé Sylvain , Harvey Pierre D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe enantiomeric ligands (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐bis(o‐anisylphenylphosphanyl)methane (R,R‐22 and S,S‐22) and (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐bis(phenyl‐m‐xylylphosphanyl)methane (R,R‐23 and S,S‐23; dppm*), were treated with [Cu(NCCH3)4](BF4) and AgBF4 to produce the binuclear complexes [Cu2(dppm*)2(NCCH3)4](BF4)2 or [Ag2(dppm*)2](BF4)2, respectively. Then, these complexes were used as building blocks to prepare the first P‐chirogenic 1D coordination polymers {[M2(dppm*)2(dmb)2](BF4)2}n [dppm* = (R,R)‐22, (S,S)‐22, (R,R)‐23, (S,S)‐23, M = Cu, Ag, dmb = 1,8‐diisocyano‐p‐menthane] where M is part of the backbone of the polymer chain. The isostructural nature of these new polymers with the achiral parent polymers, {[M2(dppm)2(dmb)2](BF4)2}n (M = Cu, Ag), was unambiguously demonstrated with a combination of methods including 1H NMR, chemical analysis, UV/Vis spectrometry, emission spectroscopy and emission lifetime measurements. The structure of the bimetallic complex [Ag2(R,R‐23)2](BF4)2 was solved by X‐ray crystallography, and all enantiomeric complexes and polymers were characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy.