bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative use of petrophysics in field rehabilitation, with examples from the Heather Field
Authors: Kay Simon , Cuddy Steve 
Published: November 2010

The Heather oil field is located in the Northern North Sea and is operated by DNO Heather Limited. Oil is produced from sandstones of the Middle Jurassic Brent Group. Although approaching non-commercial flow rates, infill projects are under way which target unswept oil. At this late stage in field life, projects are typified by extracting as much new oil from the field as possible with minimal expenditure. These result in incomplete or degraded log data. This paper describes how the application of innovative techniques can replace data shortfalls, providing quality data without compromising budgetary constraints.
Four infill wells were drilled during 2000 and 2001. Innovative petrophysical techniques have been used to enhance the electric log data gathered. Fuzzy logic techniques have been applied to predict reservoir permeability and choose perforating intervals. Some sections of the highly deviated wells were necessarily logged in sliding mode and fuzzy logic was also used to repair the resulting degraded log curve data. Following the infill well programme, field production has increased from 5000 BBL oil per day (BOPD) to 7000 BOPD. This success was partly due to the better location of wells, particularly 2/5-H62Y, because of the improved reservoir model resulting from these petrophysical techniques.

The height above free-water level (HAFWL) was estimated across the Heather Field using the so-called FOIL function (bulk volume of water plotted as a function of HAFWL) (
Cuddy 1993
). The FOIL function has given valuable insights into free-water level variation across the Heather Field and has improved water saturation modelling. A method is presented in this paper for geosteering using the FOIL function.
Redevelopment of the Brighton Marine Field, Trinidad . . . the early days
Authors: Wallis Roderick J. , Ali Nazir , Barnes Peter , Khan Franklin , Whitfield Oliver 
Published: November 2010

In October 1999, the Brighton Marine Block was awarded to Venture Production Company Trinidad Limited and Petrotrin, the Trinidadian National Oil Company, with Venture as operator.
The challenges to improved field recovery posed by such a complex field, with more than 50 years of production history, are many. The field has potential, but requires new interpretations and ideas based on both new and old datasets, a phased programme of rehabilitation and a long-term development plan that will generate immediate value without compromising long-term oil production.

Discovered in 1951, the Brighton Marine Field has produced almost 58×10
6
STB from an oil in place of over 500×10
6
STB. Production peaked at 14 000 BOPD in 1967 but had not exceeded 1000 BOPD since 1983.

Some 275, mostly deviated, wells were drilled into the field from 11 onshore pads and 9 offshore platforms. In the year since Venture assumed operations, production rose to nearly 2000 BOPD through field infrastructure rehabilitation, well work-overs and the implementation of new field management processes. In early 2001, the first new well proved the presence of a commercial quantity of petroleum in a hitherto undepleted part of the field.
It is very early in the rehabilitation process and much remains uncertain, but significant progress has been made in understanding the field and tapping its full potential. The field’s first 3D seismic survey, acquired in 1997, has provided a significant enhancement to the understanding of a structurally and stratigraphically complex field. The field compartmentalization and 50 years of production, have complicated the distribution of pressures, sweep and compaction. In order to mitigate risks, a phased strategy was implemented. This process focuses initially on the most straightforward, cost-effective opportunities. These redevelopments are designed to maximize data collection, test new models and help finance more extensive developments. Already, this approach is starting to yield results, although it is still early days.
BRCA2 and Nucleophosmin Coregulate Centrosome Amplification and Form a Complex with the Rho Effector Kinase ROCK2
Authors: Wang Hui-Feng , Takenaka Katsuya , Nakanishi Akira , Miki Yoshio 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
BRCA2 germline mutations account for the majority of heredity breast and ovarian cancer. Besides its role in DNA damage repair, BRCA2 also plays an important role in cytokinesis, transcription regulation, and cancer cell proliferation. Recently, we reported that BRCA2 localizes to centrosomes as well as nuclei and the dysfunction of BRCA2 in a centrosome causes abnormalities in cell division. Here, we identified a nucleolar phosphoprotein, nucleophosmin (NPM), as a novel BRCA2-associated protein. We also detected the binding of BRCA2 to ROCK2, an effector of Rho small GTPase. Because it is known that ROCK2 binds to NPM at centrosomes, these 3 proteins may form a complex. NPM-binding region was within amino acids 639–1,000 of BRCA2. Exogenous expression of this BRCA2 region resulted in aberrant centrosome amplification and a high frequency of multinucleated cells. Our results suggested that a complex consisting of BRCA2, NPM, and ROCK2 maintains the numerical integrity of centrosomes and accurate cell division and that dysfunction of this regulation might be involved in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer. Cancer Res; 71(1); 68–77. ©2011 AACR.
Risk of Infection-Related Cancers after the Loss of a Child: A Follow-up Study in Sweden
Authors: Fang Fang , Fall Katja , Sparén Pär , Adami Hans-Olov , Valdimarsdóttir Heiddis B. , Lambe Mats , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
It is unknown whether severe emotional stress due to loss of a child influences the risk of cancers susceptible to immune modulation such as infection-related cancers. We conducted a historic cohort study in 1990 to 2004 on the basis of the Swedish Multi-Generation Register including 4,687,073 parents. Death of a child was identified through the Causes of Death Register. Poisson regression was used to derive the relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of infection-related cancers, comparing the incidence rates of parents who lost a child with those who never lost a child. A total of 101,306 parents (2%) had lost a child during follow-up, among whom 1,608 subsequently developed infection-related cancers. After adjustment for age, sex, calendar year, educational level, and civil status, the overall RR of 14 cancers studied was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02–1.12). Parents who lost a child were particularly at a higher risk for cancers potentially associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection such as cervical cancer (RR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.17–1.80). Higher RRs for most cancers were obtained within 5 years after child loss and excess risk for liver and stomach cancers was confined to that period. No association was observed for lymphoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer at any time point after child loss. Although potential confounding by unmeasured factors cannot be ruled out, our findings lend support to the hypothesis that severe life stressors, such as child loss, may raise the risk for several, chiefly HPV-related, cancers. Cancer Res; 71(1); 116–22. ©2011 AACR.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Effects of Supplemental Calcium and Vitamin D3 on Markers of Their Metabolism in Normal Mucosa of Colorectal Adenoma Patients
Authors: Ahearn Thomas U. , McCullough Marjorie L. , Flanders W. Dana , Long Qi , Sidelnikov Eduard , Fedirko Veronika , Daniel Carrie R. , Rutherford Robin E. , Shaukat Aasma , Bostick Roberd M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In cancer cell lines and rodent models, calcium and vitamin D favorably modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in colonic epithelia. These effects may be modulated by local expression of the calcium receptor (CaR), the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the P450 cytochromes, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1; however, they have yet to be investigated in humans. To address this gap, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled 2 × 2 factorial clinical trial. Patients with at least one pathology-confirmed colorectal adenoma were treated with 2 g/d elemental calcium and/or 800 IU/d vitamin D3 versus placebo over 6 months (n = 92; 23 per group). CaR, VDR, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 expression and distribution in biopsies of normal appearing rectal mucosa were detected by standardized, automated immunohistochemistry and quantified by image analysis. In the calcium-supplemented group, CaR expression increased 27% (P = 0.03) and CYP24A1 expression decreased 21% (P = 0.79). In the vitamin D3-supplemented group, CaR expression increased 39% (P = 0.01) and CYP27B1 expression increased 159% (P = 0.06). In patients supplemented with both calcium and vitamin D3, VDR expression increased 19% (P = 0.13) and CaR expression increased 24% (P = 0.05). These results provide mechanistic support for further investigation of calcium and vitamin D3 as chemopreventive agents against colorectal neoplasms, and CaR, VDR, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 as modifiable, preneoplastic risk biomarkers for colorectal neoplasms. Cancer Res; 71(2); 413–23. ©2010 AACR.
Cancer Cells Cut Homophilic Cell Adhesion Molecules and Run
Authors: Craig Sonya E.L. , Brady-Kalnay Susann M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The term contact inhibition (CI) encompasses the cellular changes that result in cessation of cell migration and of proliferation due to signals transduced when one cell comes into physical contact with another cell. Cancer cells, however, do not contact inhibit. A molecular understanding of the loss of CI in cancer cells is important for understanding tumor progression. In this Perspective, we propose that the loss of CI observed in cancer cells is the result of extracellular proteolysis of transmembrane cell–cell cell adhesion molecules (CAM) in the tumor microenvironment. Proteolysis of homophilic cell–cell CAMs results in a shed extracellular fragment and released cytoplasmic fragment(s) that disrupts adhesion and induces signals that promote proliferation and/or migration. The importance of this observation in tumor progression is supported by the presence of the shed extracellular fragments of homophilic cell–cell CAMs in serum and tumor tissue of cancer patients suggesting that instead of acting as tumor suppressors, the shed CAM extracellular and cytoplasmic fragments actually function as oncogenes. The study of cell–cell CAM cleavage will provide important and novel means of diagnosing, imaging, and treating tumor progression. Cancer Res; 71(2); 303–9. ©2010 AACR.
TGF-β-RI Kinase Inhibitor SD-208 Reduces the Development and Progression of Melanoma Bone Metastases
Authors: Mohammad Khalid S. , Javelaud Delphine , Fournier Pierrick G. J. , Niewolna Maria , McKenna C. Ryan , Peng Xiang H. , Duong Vu , Dunn Lauren K. , Mauviel Alain , Guise Theresa A. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Melanoma often metastasizes to bone where it is exposed to high concentrations of TGF-β. Constitutive Smad signaling occurs in human melanoma. Because TGF-β promotes metastases to bone by several types of solid tumors including breast cancer, we hypothesized that pharmacologic blockade of the TGF-β signaling pathway may interfere with the capacity of melanoma cells to metastasize to bone. In this study, we tested the effect of a small molecule inhibitor of TGF-β receptor I kinase (TβRI), SD-208, on various parameters affecting the development and progression of melanoma, both in vitro and in a mouse model of human melanoma bone metastasis. In melanoma cell lines, SD-208 blocked TGF-β induction of Smad3 phosphorylation, Smad3/4-specific transcription, Matrigel invasion and expression of the TGF-β target genes PTHrP, IL-11, CTGF, and RUNX2. To assess effects of SD-208 on melanoma development and metastasis, nude mice were inoculated with 1205Lu melanoma cells into the left cardiac ventricle and drug was administered by oral gavage on prevention or treatment protocols. SD-208 (60 mg/kg/d), started 2days before tumor inoculation prevented the development of osteolytic bone metastases compared with vehicle. In mice with established bone metastases, the size of osteolytic lesions was significantly reduced after 4weeks treatment with SD-208 compared with vehicle-treated mice. Our results demonstrate that therapeutic targeting of TGF-β may prevent the development of melanoma bone metastases and decrease the progression of established osteolytic lesions. Cancer Res; 71(1); 175–84. ©2010 AACR.
Characterization of Tumor-Suppressive Function of SOX6 in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Qin Yan-Ru , Tang Hong , Xie Fajun , Liu Haibo , Zhu Yinghui , Ai Jiaoyu , Chen Leilei , Li Yan , Kwong Dora L. , Fu Li , Guan Xin-Yuan 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Purpose: By using cDNA microarray analysis, we identified a transcriptional factor, SOX6, was frequently downregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of this study is to investigate the role of SOX6 in human esophageal cancer development, and to examine the prevalence and clinical significance of SOX6 downregulation in ESCC.
Experimental Design: Expressions of SOX6 mRNA in 50 ESCCs and SOX6 protein in 300 ESCCs were investigated by semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The tumor-suppressive function of SOX6 was characterized by cell growth, foci formation, wound-healing and cell invasive assays, and tumor xenograft experiment. Western blot analysis was applied to detect protein expression levels.
Results: SOX6 was frequently downregulated in primary ESCCs in both mRNA level (29/50, 58%) and protein level (149/219, 68.0%), which was significantly associated with the poor differentiation (P = 0.029), lymph node metastases (P = 0.014), advanced TNM stage (P = 0.000), and disease-specific survival (P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that the downregulation of SOX6 (P = 0.000) was a significant independent prognostic factors for ESCC. Functional studies showed that SOX6 was able to suppress both in vitro and in vivo tumorigenic ability of ESCC cells. The tumor-suppressive mechanism of SOX6 was associated with its role in G1/S cell-cycle arrest by upregulating expressions of p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 and downregulating expressions of cyclin D1/CDK4, cyclin A, and β-catenin.
Conclusions: We provided the first evidence that SOX6 is a novel tumor-suppressor gene in ESCC development and is a potential prognostic marker in ESCC. Clin Cancer Res; 17(1); 46–55. ©2010 AACR.
Melanoma Chemoprevention in Skin Reconstructs and Mouse Xenografts Using Isoselenocyanate-4
Authors: Nguyen Natalie , Sharma Arati , Nguyen Nhung , Sharma Arun K. , Desai Dhimant , Huh Sung Jin , Amin Shantu , Meyers Craig , Robertson Gavin P. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Melanoma incidence and mortality rates continue to increase despite the use of sunscreen as well as screening programs for early surgical excision of premalignant lesions. The steady increase in melanoma incidence suggests that additional preventive approaches are needed to augment these existing strategies. One unexplored area involves targeting genes whose deregulation promotes disease development to prevent melanoma. The Akt3 signaling pathway is one key signaling cascade that plays a central role by deregulating apoptosis to promote development of approximately 70% of melanomas. Isoselenocyanate-4 (ISC-4), derived from isothiocyanates by increasing the alkyl chain length and replacing sulfur with selenium, has been developed to target this important signaling pathway in melanomas; however, its chemopreventive potential is unknown. In this study, the chemopreventive efficacy of topical ISC-4 was evaluated in a laboratory-generated human skin melanoma model containing early melanocytic lesion or advanced stage melanoma cell lines and in animals containing invasive xenografted human melanoma. Repeated topical application of ISC-4 reduced tumor cell expansion in the skin model by 80% to 90% and decreased tumor development in animals by approximately 80%. Histologic examination of ISC-4-treated skin showed no obvious damage to skin cells or skin morphology, and treated animals did not exhibit markers indicative of major organ-related toxicity. Mechanistically, ISC-4 prevented melanoma by decreasing Akt3 signaling that lead to a 3-fold increase in apoptosis rates. Thus, topical ISC-4 can delay or slow down melanocytic lesion or melanoma development in preclinical models and could impact melanoma incidence rates if similar results are observed in humans. Cancer Prev Res; 4(2); 248–58. ©2010 AACR.
Twenty-ninth Annual Erasmus Birthday Lecture: Long and Useless: The Polemic between Erasmus and Béda
Authors: Rabbie Edwin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis essay investigates the background and printing history of the five works written between 1526 and 1529 that constitute Erasmus' polemic against the Parisian theologian Noël de Bède (Béda). Taken together, these polemical works are more voluminous than any others against his Roman Catholic adversaries. Unlike most of these other apologetic undertakings, moreover, this one concerns not Erasmus' edition of the New Testament but his Paraphrases.
Estimating Drought Conditions for Regions with Limited Precipitation Data
Authors: Rhee Jinyoung , Carbone Gregory J. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Three closely related issues that affect drought estimation in regions with limited precipitation data are addressed by investigating methods for filling missing daily precipitation data, handling short-term records, and deriving drought information for unsampled locations. The analysis yields three general conclusions: 1) it is better to conduct spatial interpolation prior to calculating drought index values, 2) using weather stations with moderate lengths of records (usually at least 10 years) improves the spatial–temporal characterization of drought, and 3) alternative precipitation sources of the National Weather Service multisensor precipitation rainfall estimates and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite monthly rainfall product (3B43) do not outperform spatially interpolated daily precipitation data in most regions, except in the western United States where the TRMM-based precipitation data work better than the spatially interpolated values for drought monitoring.
Genesis of Typhoon Chanchu (2006) from a Westerly Wind Burst Associated with the MJO. Part II: Roles of Deep Convection in Tropical Transition
Authors: Hogsett Wallace , Zhang Da-Lin 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In this study, the life cycles of a series of four major mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) during genesis and their roles in transforming a vertically tilted vortex associated with a westerly wind burst (hereafter the WWB vortex) into Typhoon Chanchu (2006) are examined using 11-day cloud-resolving simulations presented in Part I. It is found that the tilted WWB vortex at early stages is characterized by an elevated cold-core layer (about 200 hPa thick) below and a weak warm column above with large vertical wind shear across the layer, which extends over a horizontal distance of about 450 km between the vortex’s 400- and 900-hPa centers. During the final two days of the genesis process, the upper-level warm column increases in depth and intensity as a result of the absorption of convectively generated vortices (CGVs), including a mesoscale convective vortex (MCV), causing more rapid amplification of cyclonic vorticity in the middle than the lower troposphere. The commencement of sustained intensification of Chanchu occurs when the upper-level warm column is vertically aligned with the surface-based warm-core vortex.
Results show that four unique MCSs develop in succession on the downtilt-right side of the WWB vortex. The first MCS develops as a squall line with trailing stratiform precipitation and an MCV; subsequent MCSs include a convective cluster whose shape changes from an inverted U to a question mark and finally a spiral rainband as the WWB vortex decreases its vertical tilt. Strong cold pools are favored behind the leading connective lines during the earlier tilted-vortex stages due primarily to dry intrusion by the midlevel sheared flows, whereas few cold downdrafts occur at later stages as the WWB vortex becomes more upright and sufficiently moist. The authors conclude that the roles of the MCSs during genesis are to (a) generate cyclonic vorticity and then store it mostly in the midtroposphere, after merging CGVs within the WWB vortex; (b) moisten the low- and midlevels; (c) enhance the northward displacement of the WWB vortex; and (d) reduce the vertical tilt of the WWB vortex.
Aerosol Indirect Effects on Tropical Convection Characteristics under Conditions of Radiative–Convective Equilibrium
Authors: van den Heever Susan C. , Stephens Graeme L. , Wood Norman B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe impacts of enhanced aerosol concentrations such as those associated with dust intrusions on the trimodal distribution of tropical convection have been investigated through the use of large-domain (10 000 grid points), fine-resolution (1 km), long-duration (100 days), two-dimensional idealized cloud-resolving model simulations conducted under conditions of radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE). The focus of this research is on those aerosols that serve primarily as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The results demonstrate that the large-scale organization of convection, the domain-averaged precipitation, and the total cloud fraction show only show a weak response to enhanced aerosol concentrations. However, while the domainwide responses to enhanced aerosol concentrations are weak, aerosol indirect effects on the three tropical cloud modes are found to be quite significant and often opposite in sign, a fact that appears to contribute to the weaker domain response. The results suggest that aerosol indirect effects associated with shallow clouds may offset or compensate for the aerosol indirect effects associated with congestus and deep convection systems and vice versa, thus producing a more moderate domainwide response to aerosol indirect forcing. Finally, when assessing the impacts of aerosol indirect forcing associated with CCN on the characteristics of tropical convection, several aspects need to be considered, including which cloud mode or type is being investigated, the field of interest, and whether localized or systemwide responses are being examined.
Slow Manifolds and Invariant Sets of the Primitive Equations
Authors: Temam R. , Wirosoetisno D. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The authors review, in a geophysical setting, several recent mathematical results on the forced–dissipative hydrostatic primitive equations with a linear equation of state in the limit of strong rotation and stratification, starting with existence and regularity (smoothness) results and describing their implications for the long-time behavior of the solution. These results are used to show how the solution of the primitive equations in a periodic box comes close to geostrophic balance as t → ∞. Then a review follows of how geostrophic balance could be extended to higher orders in the Rossby number, and it is shown that the solution of the primitive equations also satisfies a higher-order balance up to an exponentially small error. Finally, the connection between balance dynamics in the primitive equations and its global attractor, which is the only known invariant set (for a sufficiently general forcing), is discussed.