bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glimpse of past dynamics: A new set of phytoplankton primers for sedaDNA
Authors: Romahn Juliane , Baranski Damian , Schmidt Alexandra , Kaiser Jérôme , Arz Helge , Epp Laura S. , Kremp Anke , Bálint Miklós 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) offers an important opportunity for investigating long‐term community dynamics. Nevertheless, sedaDNA is challenging since DNA is degraded and fragmented over time. Of particular interest for such sedaDNA studies are phytoplankton communities, which are sensitive environmental indicators and important producers in aquatic systems. So far, only a few suitable metabarcoding primers for sedaDNA targeting phytoplankton exist. In this study, we introduce new metabarcoding primers targeting cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates. They amplify short, ~200‐bp ribosomal 16S and 18S DNA fragments. We compared these primers against published ones, uncovering distinct communities captured by different primer sets. The newly designed dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial primers revealed unique sets of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) compared to published primers, highlighting the impact of primer choice on describing community composition. We also explored the effect of amplicon length on metabarcoding success over a sample age. Observed trends suggest that amplification success decreases with longer amplicons, probably as a result of DNA degradation in older sediment samples. Lastly, strong DNA preservation challenges emerged in sediment samples older than 7000 BP, corresponding with oxic phases of the Baltic Sea bottom water. This emphasizes the importance of age, sediment type, and preservation conditions when interpreting sedaDNA results. Despite limitations in temporal resolution, the study shows that sedaDNA‐based fluctuations in the phytoplankton community are consistent with well‐known environmental stages. More research is necessary to understand (1) DNA preservation and its impact on reconstructed communities and (2) impact of abiotic conditions on phytoplankton communities.
Sequential high‐dose methotrexate and cytarabine administration improves outcomes in real‐world patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma: A report from the Australasian Lymphoma Alliance
Authors: Tatarczuch Maciej , Lewis Katharine Louise , Gunjur Ashray , Shaw Briony , Poon Li Mei , Paul Erin , Ku Matthew , Wong Mark , Ai Sylvia , Beekman Ashley , Ciaccio Pietro R. Di , Krigstein Michael , Wight Joel , Coombes Caitlin , Gilbertson Michael , Tey Amanda , Shortt Jake , Nagarajan Chandramouli , Talaulikar Dipti , Hamad Nada , Ratnasingam Sumita , Ho Shir‐Jing , Cochrane Tara , Hawkes Eliza A. , Cheah Chan Y. , Opat Stephen , Gregory Gareth P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite recent advances, optimal therapeutic approaches applicable to subpopulations with primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma outside of clinical trials remain to be determined.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of immunocompetent, adult patients with histologically confirmed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the CNS (PCNSL). 190/204 (93%) patients (median age: 65) received one of five high‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX) containing chemotherapy regimens: MPV/Ara‐C (HD‐MTX, procarbazine, and vincristine, followed by cytarabine [Ara‐C]) (n = 94, 50%), MATRix (HD‐MTX, Ara‐C, thiotepa, and rituximab) (n = 19, 10%), HD‐MTX/Ara‐C (n = 31, 16%), HD‐MTX monotherapy (n = 35, 18%) and MBVP (HD‐MTX, carmustine, teniposide, prednisolone) (n = 11, 6%).ResultsCumulative median HD‐MTX and Ara‐C doses were 17 g/m2 (range: 1–64 g/m2) and 12 g/m2 (0–32 g/m2) respectively. Using 14 g/m2 as the reference dose, the median HD‐MTX relative dose intensity (HD‐MTX‐RDI) was 1.25 (0.27‐4.57) with 84% receiving > 0.75. The overall response rate (ORR) was 72% (complete response: 50%) after completing HD‐MTX. At a median follow‐up of 3.41 years (0.06–9.42), progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were different between chemotherapy cohorts, with the best outcomes achieved in the MPV/Ara‐C cohort (2‐year PFS 74%, 2‐year OS 82%; p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0024 respectively). On multivariate analysis, MPV/Ara‐C administration and HD‐MTX‐RDI > 0.75 were associated with longer PFS and OS.ConclusionSequential, response‐adapted approaches can improve outcomes, even in older patients who are ineligible for a high‐intensity concurrent chemotherapy approach and do not undergo traditional consolidative strategies.
Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Trials: What Have We Learned From Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: By Samantha , Kahl Anja , Cogswell Petrice M. 
Published: June 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of cognitive impairment and dementia worldwide with rising prevalence, incidence and mortality. Despite many decades of research, there remains an unmet need for disease‐modifying treatment that can significantly alter the progression of disease. Recently, with United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug approvals, there have been tremendous advances in this area, with agents demonstrating effects on cognition and biomarkers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an instrumental role in these trials. This review article aims to outline how MRI is used for screening eligibility, monitoring safety and measuring efficacy in clinical trials, leaning on the landscape of past and recent AD clinical trials that have used MRI as examples; further, insight on promising MRI biomarkers for future trials is provided.Level of Evidence1.Technical EfficacyStage 4.
Effect of patient specificity on predicting knee cartilage degeneration in obese adults: Musculoskeletal finite‐element modeling of data from the CAROT trial
Authors: Orozco Gustavo A. , Stenroth Lauri , Esrafilian Amir , Tanska Petri , Mononen Mika E. , Henriksen Marius , Alkjær Tine , Korhonen Rami K. , Isaksson Hanna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObesity is a known risk factor for development of osteoarthritis (OA). Numerical tools like finite‐element (FE) models combined with degenerative algorithms have been developed to understand the interplay between OA and obesity. In this study, we aimed to predict knee cartilage degeneration in a cohort of obese adults to investigate the importance of patient‐specific information on degeneration predictions. We used a validated FE modeling approach and three different age‐dependent functions (step‐wise, exponential, and linear) to simulate cartilage degradation under overloading in the knee joint. Gait motion analysis and magnetic resonance imaging data from 115 obese individuals with knee OA were used for musculoskeletal and FE modeling. Cartilage degeneration predictions were contrasted with Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) and Boston–Leeds Osteoarthritis Knee Score (BLOKS) grades. The findings show that overall, the similarities between numerical predictions and clinical measures were better for the medial (average area under the curve (AUC) = 0.62) compared to the lateral compartment (average AUC = 0.52) of the knee. Classification results for KL grades, full patient‐specific models and patient‐specific geometry with generic gait data showed higher AUC values (AUC = 0.71 and AUC = 0.68, respectively) compared to generic geometry and patient‐specific gait (AUC = 0.48). For BLOKS grades, AUC values for both full patient‐specific models and for patient‐specific geometry with generic gait locomotion were higher (AUC  = 0.66 and AUC = 0.64, respectively) compared to when the generic geometry and patient‐specific gait were used (AUC = 0.53). In summary, our study highlights the importance of considering individual information in knee OA prediction. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that personalized gait play a smaller role in the OA prediction and classification capacity than personalized joint geometry.
A novel method combining deep learning with the Kennard–Stone algorithm for training dataset selection for image‐based rice seed variety identification
Authors: Jin Chen , Zhou Xinyue , He Mengyu , Li Cheng , Cai Zeyi , Zhou Lei , Qi Hengnian , Zhang Chu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDDifferent varieties of rice vary in planting time, stress resistance, and other characteristics. With advances in rice‐breeding technology, the number of rice varieties has increased significantly, making variety identification crucial for both trading and planting.RESULTSThis study collected RGB images of 20 hybrid rice seed varieties. An enhanced deep super‐resolution network (EDSR) was employed to enhance image resolution, and a variety classification model utilizing the high‐resolution dataset demonstrated superior performance to that of the model using the low‐resolution dataset. A novel training sample selection methodology was introduced integrating deep learning with the Kennard–Stone (KS) algorithm. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) and autoencoders served as supervised and unsupervised feature extractors, respectively. The extracted feature vectors were subsequently processed by the KS algorithm to select training samples. The proposed methodologies exhibited superior performance over the random selection approach in rice variety classification, with an approximately 10.08% improvement in overall classification accuracy. Furthermore, the impact of noise on the proposed methodology was investigated by introducing noise to the images, and the proposed methodologies maintained superior performance relative to the random selection approach on the noisy image dataset.CONCLUSIONThe experimental results indicate that both supervised and unsupervised learning models performed effectively as feature extractors, and the deep learning framework significantly influenced the selection of training set samples. This study presents a novel approach for training sample selection in classification tasks and suggests the potential for extending the proposed method to image datasets and other types of datasets. Further exploration of this potential is warranted. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The lifetime improvement of organic light‐emitting diodes with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate on indium‐tin‐oxide surface and deuterated dopant in emitting layer
Authors: Juang Fuh‐Shyang , Lin Yi‐Jing , Li Yi‐Sheng , Chen Hong‐Kai , Tuan Yu‐Hsin , Tsai Jay‐Teng , Tsai Yu‐Sheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, the PEDOT:PSS conductive polymer material was spin‐coated on the ITO surface to improve the surface roughness of the ITO and reduce the spikes on the ITO surface, so as to avoid the burning spots generated in the green organic light emitting diode (OLED) when the voltage was applied to light it up. The OLED emitting is successfully survived. Deuterium atoms (isotopes of hydrogen) with heavier atomic weights can strengthen C‐D bonds, slow down the kinetic rate for unwarranted chemical reactions, and improve the performance and stability of OLEDs. In this study, deuterated D‐Ir (mppy)3 was employed as the dopant in the emitting layer of green OLED to replace the general Ir (mppy)3 to improve the optoelectronic properties and extend the lifetime of green OLED. At a constant voltage of 4 V, the initial luminance and half lifetime of general Ir (mppy)3 doped and deuterated D‐Ir (mppy)3 doped OLEDs are 188.1 cd/m2, 7.2 h and 438.3 cd/m2, 42.8 h, respectively. It is shown that doping the deuterated D‐Ir (mppy)3 material in the emitting layer has the effect of prolonging the lifetime of OLED. Compared with the general Ir (mppy)3, the lifetime of deuterated D‐Ir (mppy)3 doped OLED achieved an extension by 5.9 times.
Visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat area as measures of body composition in soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Garibay Eric Robles , Cruz Sylvia M. , Judge Sean J. , Monjazeb Arta M. , Thorpe Steven W. , Murphy William J. , Lyu Jing , Chen Shuai , Bateni Cyrus P. , Canter Robert J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSoft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogenous group of malignancies of mesenchymal origin. Given recent data linking obesity as well as the pattern of fat distribution with cancer outcomes, we sought to investigate the association of visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) with oncologic outcomes in patients with STS undergoing surgery.MethodsWe analyzed data from 88 patients with STS diagnosed from 2008 to 2022. Predictor variables included body mass index (BMI), VFA, and SFA. VFA and SFA were obtained from computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to analyze associations between predictor variables and overall survival and recurrence‐free survival.ResultsAlthough BMI was closely correlated with VFA (r = 0.69, p < 0.0001) and SFA (r = 0.80, p < 0.0001), there was no significant association between high BMI, VFA or SFA, and worse oncologic outcomes.ConclusionsAlthough VFA and SFA are strongly correlated with BMI, we did not observe BMI nor imaging metrics of fat composition to be associated with worse oncologic outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate any links between body fat content and metabolic or immune factors governing oncologic outcomes in STS.
Development and validation of a simultaneous quantitative analytical method for two Alternaria toxins and their metabolites in plasma and urine using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Dan , Liu Bolin , Xiao Tingting , Wang Yan , Zhao Ziwei , Xie Ji'an , Li Weidong , Li Rui , Cui Jie 
Published: June 2024

Much more attention has been paid to the contamination of Alternaria toxins because of food contamination and the threat to human health. In this study, an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous detection of the prototypical alternariol, alternariol monomethylether, and the metabolites 4‐oxhydryl alternariol, and alternariol monomethylether 3‐sulfate ammonium salt of Alternaria toxins. The positive samples were used as matrix samples to optimize the different experimental conditions. 0.01% formic acid solution and acetonitrile were used as the mobile phase, and analytes were scanned in negative electron spray ionization under multiple reaction monitoring, and quantitative determination by isotope internal standard method. Application of this method to samples of human plasma and urine showed the detection of the above analytes. The results showed that the recoveries were from 80.40% to 116.4%, intra‐day accuracy was between 0.6% and 8.0%, and inter‐day accuracy was between 1.1% and 12.1%. The limit of detection of the four analytes ranged from 0.02 to 0.6 µg/L in urine, and 0.02 to 0.5 µg/L in plasma, respectively. Thus, the developed method was rapid and accurate for the simultaneous detection of analytes and provided a theoretical basis for the risk assessment of Alternaria toxins for human exposure.
A Novel Ultrasound Method of Evaluating Dynamic Extrusion of Lateral Meniscus in Healthy Population
Authors: Meng Xiang‐yu , Li Zhi‐qiang , Ding Hong‐fu , Wang Ding‐yu , Dai Ling‐hui , Jiang Dong 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesTo establish a reliable ultrasound (US) method of evaluating dynamic extrusion of lateral meniscus in healthy population, and to investigate the pattern of dynamic meniscus extrusion (ME) in lateral meniscus under loading conditions.MethodsThe lateral ME was examined via US method in unloaded, double‐leg standing, and single‐leg standing positions. Two different US measurement methods were compared to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results to determine the optimal measurement methods. The US results obtained by different researchers were tested for interobserver consistency and the results obtained by the same researcher on two separate days were tested for intraobserver consistency. The patterns of dynamic extrusion were compared between medial and lateral sides.ResultsA total of healthy 44 volunteers were included in the study, with 86 knees assessed by US, and 25 knees evaluated by MRI. The US evaluation of dynamic lateral ME demonstrated excellent interobserver and intraobserver reliability. The US measurements using method A were consistent with the MRI results with no significant difference (P = .861, intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.868), while method B underestimated the lateral ME compared to MRI (P = .001, ICC = 0.649). Lateral ME decreased slightly from unloaded (1.0 ± 0.8 mm) to single‐leg standing position (0.8 ± 0.8 mm), whereas medial ME increased significantly in both double‐leg and single‐leg standing positions (2.4 ± 0.7 mm, 2.6 ± 0.7 mm).ConclusionA novel US evaluation method of lateral ME was established with reliable and accurate results compared to the MRI. Lateral ME in healthy populations decreased slightly as the loadings increased, which was different from the pattern of dynamic extrusion in medial meniscus.
Microstructure Evolution of Reactive Polyurethane Films During In Situ Polyaddition and Film‐Formation Processes
Authors: Duan Huimin , Li Shuli , Zhao Jinbiao , Yang Hao , Tang Heyang , Qi Dongming , Huang Zhichao , Xu Xinxin , Shi Lei , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Zhong Qi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to the advantages of low energy consumption, no air and water pollutions, the reactive polyurethane films (RPUFs) are replacing the solvated and waterborne PUFs nowadays, which significantly promotes the green and low‐carbon production of PU films. However, the microstructure evolution and in situ film‐formation mechanism of RPUFs in solvent‐free media are still unclear. Herein, according to time‐temperature equivalence principle, the in situ polyaddition and film‐formation processes of RPUFs generated by the typical polyaddition of diisocyanate terminated prepolymer (component B) and polyether glycol (component A) are thoroughly investigated at 25 °C. According to the temporal change of viscosity, the RPUFs gradually transfer from liquid to gel and finally to solid state. Further characterizing the molecular weight, hydrogen bonds, crystallinity, gel content, and phase images, the polyaddition and film‐formation processes can be divided into three stages as 1) chain extension and microcrystallization; 2) gelation and demicrocrystallization; 3) microphase separation and film‐formation. This work promotes the understanding of the microstructure evolution and film‐formation mechanism of RPUFs, which can be used as the theoretical guidance for the controllable preparation of high‐performance products based on RPUFs.
Synthesis of Intrinsically‐Fluorescent Aliphatic Tautomeric Polymers for Proton‐Conductivity, Dual‐State Emission, and Sensing/Oxidation‐Reduction of Metal Ions
Authors: Hassan Nadira , Sanfui MD Hussain , Chowdhury Deepak , Roy Shrestha , Ghosh Narendra Nath , Rahaman Mostafizur , Chang Mincheol , Hasnat Mohammad A. , Chattopadhyay Pijush Kanti , Singha Nayan Ranjan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerein, fluorescent conducting tautomeric polymers (FCTPs) are developed by polymerizing 2‐methylprop‐2‐enoic acid (MPEA), methyl‐2‐methylpropenoate (MMP), N‐(propan‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐enamide (PPE), and in situ‐anchored 3‐(N‐(propan‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐enamido)‐2‐methylpropanoic acid (PPEMPA). Among as‐synthesized FCTPs, the most promising characteristics in FCTP3 are confirmed by NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, luminescence enhancements, and computational studies. In FCTP3, ─C(═O)NH─, −C(═O)N<, ─C(═O)OH, and ─C(═O)OCH3 subluminophores are identified by theoretical calculations and experimental analyses. These subluminophores facilitate redox characteristics, solid state emissions, aggregation‐enhanced emissions (AEEs), excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), and conductivities in FCTP3. The ESIPT‐associated dual emission/AEEs of FCTP3 are elucidated by time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) investigation, solvent polarity effects, concentration‐dependent emissions, dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, field emission scanning electron microscopy images, and computational calculations. The cyclic voltammetry measurements of FCTP3 indicate cumulative redox efficacy of ─C(═O)OH, ─C(═O)NH─/−C(═O)N<, ─C(─O─)═NH+─/─C(─O─)═N+, and ─C(═N)OH functionalities. In FCTP3, ESIPT‐associated dual‐emission enable in the selective detection of Cr(III)/Cu(II) at λem1/λem2 with the limit of detection of 0.0343/0.079 ppb. The preferential interaction of Cr(III)/Cu(II) with FCTP3 (amide)/FCTP3 (imidol) and oxidation/reduction of Cr(III)/Cu(II) to Cr(VI)/Cu(I) are further supported by NMR‐titration; FTIR and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses; TCSPC/electrochemical/DLS measurement; alongside theoretical calculations. The proton conductivity of FCTP3 is explored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and I–V measurements.
Best of both worlds: An expansion of the state of the art pKa model with data from three industrial partners
Authors: Fraczkiewicz Robert , Quoc Nguyen Huy , Wu Newton , Kausch‐Busies Nina , Grimbs Sergio , Sommer Kai , ter Laak Antonius , Günther Judith , Wagner Björn , Reutlinger Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn a unique collaboration between Simulations Plus and several industrial partners, we were able to develop a new version 11.0 of the previously published in silico pKa model, S+pKa, with considerably improved prediction accuracy. The model's training set was vastly expanded by large amounts of experimental data obtained from F. Hoffmann‐La Roche AG, Genentech Inc., and the Crop Science division of Bayer AG. The previous v7.0 of S+pKa was trained on data from public sources and the Pharmaceutical division of Bayer AG. The model has shown dramatic improvements in predictive accuracy when externally validated on three new contributor compound sets. Less expected was v11.0’s improvement in prediction on new compounds developed at Bayer Pharma after v7.0 was released (2013–2023), even without contributing additional data to v11.0. We illustrate chemical space coverage by chemistries encountered in the five domains, public and industrial, outline model construction, and discuss factors contributing to model's success.
A probable case of multiple osteochondromas in a Qing period (1644–1911) individual from Shandong, China
Authors: Zhou Yawei , Xi Fanhao , Zhao Fangchao , Berger Elizabeth 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article aims to understand the impact of a condition causing multiple benign neoplasms on a historical individual, and increase understanding of disease processes using a paleopathological case. We present the case of an adult male from the Balizhuang site in Weifang City, Changle County, Shandong Province, China, dated by the burial artifacts to the Qing period (1644–1911 CE). The individual has multiple bony growths found on both long and flat bones, which were also observed radiographically. Imaging revealed that the lesions show continuity with the medullary cavity of the host bone. The individual also exhibited short stature, upper limb length asymmetry, and hip and ankle deformities. Conditions included in a differential diagnosis are myositis ossificans, parosteal osteosarcoma, and osteochondroma, with multiple osteochondromas (MO) being the most likely diagnosis. We also present historical texts suggesting the presence of osteochondromas in China. This may be the first case of adult MO reported in Chinese bioarcheology, helping to expand paleopathological data on benign tumors.