bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type II, Without Trophic Changes
Authors: Bye Ann M. , Baker William de C. , Pollard John , Wise Grahame 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThree cases with sensory peripheral neuropathies are reported. Case 1 presented with scoliosis and cases 2 and 3 presented with abnormal gait. None had trophic limb changes, evidence of weakness or a tendency to self‐mutilation and each had normal motor studies on neurophysiological testing.' Sural nerve biopsies showed a severe loss of myelinated fibres and case 3 had evidence of denervation on muscle biopsy. These cases are presented as examples of hereditary sensory neuropathy type II. They are unusual in that they do not have trophic changes.RÉSUMÉneuropathie sensorielle héréditaire de type II sans modifications trophiquesL'article rapporte trois cas de neuropathie sensorielle périphérique. Il existait une scoliose dans le cas 1, une démarche anormale dans les cas 2 et 3. Dans aucun cas il n'y avait de signes d'altérations trophiques, de faiblesses musculaires ou de tendances à l'auto‐mutilation; tous les cas étaient normaux sur le plan de la motricité et des tests neuro‐physiologiques. La biopsie du S.P.E. révélait une perte sévère de fibres myélinisées et pour le cas 3, des signes de dénervation apparaissaient à la biopsie muscularie. Ces cas sont présentés comme exemples de neuropathie sensorielle héréditaire de type II. Ils sont inhabituels du fait de l'absence d'altérations trophiques.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGHeriditäre sensorische Neuropathie Typ II ohne trophische StörungenEs werden drei Fälle mit peripherer sensorischer Neuropathie vorgestellt. Fall 1 hatte eine Skoliose und Fall 2 und 3 hatten einen abnormen Gang. Reiner hatte trophische Gliedmaßenveränderungen, Anzeichen für Schwäche oder eine Tendenz zur Selbstverstümmelung und alle hatten normale Ergebnisse bei den neurophysiologischen Untersuchungen. Biopsien des N. suralis zeigten eine starke Verminderung der myelinisierten Fasern und beim Fall 3 fanden sich bei der Muskelbiopsie Hinweise für eine Denervation. Diese Fälle werden als Beispiele der hereditären sensorischen Neuropathie Typ Il vorgestellt. Sie sind ungewöhnlich, weil sie keine trophischen Veränderungen aufweisen.RESUMENNeuropatía sensorial hereditaria de tipo II sin alteraciones tróficasSe aportan tres casos de neuropatía sensorial periférica. El numero 1 tenia una escoliosis y los casos 2 y 3 tenían una marcha anómala. Ninguno tenia cambios tróficos en las extremidades, evidencia de debilidad o tendencia a la automutilación y todos ellos tenian unos estudios motores normales en los exámenes neurofisiológicos. La biopsia del nervio sural mostró una marcada pérdida de fibras mielinizadas y en el caso 3 una evidencia de denervación en la biopsia muscular. Estos casos constituyen ejemplos de neuropatía hereditaria sensorial tipo II. Son inusuales en el sentido de que no presentan alteraciones tróficas.
HAND DOMINANCE OF PARENTS AND OTHER RELATIVES OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN
Authors: Boucher Jill , Lewis Vicky , Collis Glyn 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYHand preferences of 219 mothers and 186 fathers of autistic children were assessed using the Annett Handedness questionnaire. Subgroups of 54 mothers and 57 fathers with a family history of language‐related developmental disorders were identified. Parents also reported the handedness of other relatives. Mothers (but not fathers) in the main group were significantly more likely to be consistently right‐handed than females in the general population, but this was not specifically associated with a family history of language problems. There was no evidence of an increased incidence of consistent left‐handedness in either the whole group of parents or the subgroups. Reported handedness of other relatives showed no abnormal distribution in relation to a comparison group. The findings are discussed in relation to theories about genetic factors in language‐related developmental disorders in general, and autism in particular.RÉSUMÉPréférence manuelles des parents et autres membres familiaux des enfants autistiquesLa préférence manuelle de 219 mères et 186 péres d'enfants autistiques a été évaluée par le questionnaire de préférence manuelle d'Annett. Des sousgroupes de 54 mères et 57 pères avec une histoire familiale de troubles du développement reliés au langage ont été identifiés. Les parents ont fait part des préférences manuelles dans leurs familles. Les mères (mais non les pères) du groupe principal étaient significativement plus droitières cohérentes que la population générale féminine mais cela n'etait pas spéciufiquement associé à une histoire familiale de problèmes de langages. Il n'y avait pas d'évidence d'incidence accrue de gaucherie cohérente dans l'un ou l'autre des groupes principaux ou sousgroupes. La préférence rapportée des familles ne montrait pas une distribution anormale par comparaison avec un groupe de référence. Ces données sont discutées en relation avec les théories concernant les facteurs génétiques dans les désordres développementaux reliés au langage en général et dans l'autisme en particulier.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGHändigkeit von Eltern und Verwandten autistischer KinderBei 219 Müttern und 186 Vätern autistischer Kinder wurde mit dem Annett Handedness Questionaire die Handdominanz festgestellt. Dann wurden Untergruppen von 54 Müttern und 57 Vätern mit sprachbedingten Entwicklungsstörungen in der Familienanamnese abgegrenzt. Die Eltern berichteten über die Handdominanz bei anderen Verwandten. Mütter (nicht Väter) der Hauptgruppe waren signifikant häufiger rechtshändig als Frauen der Allgemeinbevölkerung, aber dies war nicht speziell mit Sprachstörungen in der Familienanamnese verbunden. Es fand sich kein Hinweis für ein gehäuftes Auftreten einer Linkshändigkeit, weder in der Hauptgruppe der Eltern noch in den Untergruppne. Die Befunde werden hinsichtlich der Theorien diskutiert, die genetische Faktoren bei sprachbedingten Entwicklungsstörungen im allgemeinen und bei Autismus im besonderen betreffen.
VARIABILITY AND STEREOTYPY OF SPONTANEOUS MOTILITY AS A PREDICTOR OF NEUROLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRETERM INFANTS
Authors: Touwen Bert C. L. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYObservations of the variability stereotypy ratio of spontaneous motility in a group of 47 preterm infants showed that stereotyped motor activity was related to the neurological diagnosis at term age. A minority of the neurologically deviant infants at term recovered during infancy. The presence or absence of intra‐uterine growth retardation and an accumulation of obnoxious antenatal, perinatal and postnatal events seemed to affect outcome, particularly in the presence of extensive and permanent ultrasound findings. A normal neurological condition at term indicates a high probability of normal development.RÉSUMÉVariabilité et stéréotypie de la motricité spontanée comme pronostic du développement neurologique du prématuréDes observations du rapport variabilité‐stéréotypie de la motricité spontanée sur un groupe de 47 prématurés a montré que l'activité motrice stéréotypée etait reliée au diagnostic neurologique au terme. Une minorité de prématurés neurologiquement déviants au terme ont récupéré la première enfance. La présence ou l'absence d'un retard de croissance intra‐utérine et l'accumulation d'évènements nocifs anténataux, paranataux et postnataux semblait altérer le devenir particulièrement en cas de données échographiques extensives et permanentes. Une condition neurologique normale à terme indique une forte probabilité de développement normal.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGVariabilitàt und Stereotypie der Spontanbewegungen als prognostisches Zeichen für die neurologische Entwicklung von FrühgeborenenDie Beobachtungen des Verhältnisses zwischen Variabilität und Stereotypie der Spontanbewegungen bei einer Gruppe von 47 Frühgeborenen zeigte, daß eine Relation zwischen stereotyper motorischer Aktivität und neurologischer Diagnose am Termin bestand. Nur wenige, der am Termin neurologisch auffàlligen Kinder, normalisierten sich im Kindesalter. Das Vorliegen oder Fehlen einer intra‐uterinen Wachstumsver zögerung und eine Häufung von schädlichen prä‐, peri‐ und postnatalen Einflüssen schienen sich auf den Outcome auszuwirken, insbesondere wenn ausgedehnte und bleibende Ultraschallbefunde vorlagen. Normale neurologische Befunde am Termin deuten mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit auf eine normale Entwicklung hin.RESUMENVariabilidad y estereotipia de la motilidad espontánea como predictores del desarrollo neurológico de lactantes pretérminoLas observaciones de la variabilidad‐estereotipia de la motilidad espontánea en un grupo de 47 lactantes pretérmino, mostró que la actividad motora espereotipada estaba en relación con el diagnóstico neurológico a le edad de término. La presencia o ausencia de un retraso de crecimiento intrauterino y el acúmulo de acontecimientos nocivos antenatales, parantatales y postnatales parecen afectar el curso, sobre todo en presencia de hallazgos ultrasónicos extensos y permanentes. Unas características normales a la edad de término indican una alta probabilidad de un desarrollo normal.
Nordic dental hygienists’ willingness to perform new treatment measures: barriers and facilitators they encounter
Authors: Virtanen Jorma I. , Tseveenjav Battsetseg , Wang Nina J. , Widström Eeva 
Published: September 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 311–316

Nordic dental hygienists’ willingness to perform new treatment measures: barriers and facilitators they encounter Background:  In the Nordic countries, discussion on redistribution of clinical tasks between dentists and dental hygienists continues intensely.Objectives:  The aim of this study was to analyse Nordic dental hygienists’ willingness to perform new treatment measures as well as their perceived barriers and facilitators to carrying out such measures.Methods:  A questionnaire survey was conducted among a representative sample of dental hygienists in Finland and Norway (n = 1733). The questionnaires enquired whether the dental hygienists were willing to provide 25 given treatment measures beyond those involved in their current practice. The chi‐square test and linear regression served for the statistical analyses.Results:  The dental hygienists worked predominantly (62%) in the public sector in both countries. A majority (67%) of the dental hygienists agreed that they fully used their professional skills in their current clinical work. In addition to their daily activities, high percentages of the dental hygienists reported a willingness to carry out ‘more often than now’ procedures related to orthodontics (59%), local anaesthesia (59%), clinical photographing (58%), glass‐ionomer fillings (57%), composite fillings (51%), and tooth bleaching (47%). The most frequently reported barrier was the dental hygienists’ perceived competency (39%). Additionally, the dental hygienists identified the homogeneity of their current patient group (32%) and the traditional manner of delegating tasks in their workplaces (31%) as barriers to carrying out up to date clinical treatment measures. The dental hygienists’ working community had a significant effect on their willingness to carry out new treatment measures (p < 0.05).Conclusion:  Our study indicates that dental hygienists desire to perform more clinical treatment measures than their current daily activities entail, but their self‐perceived competency was insufficient to carry out such measures. Consequently, changes in dental hygienists’ training programmes to provide hygienists with sufficient skills and confidence to perform up to date clinical treatments are required.
Material and lighting hues of object colour
Authors: Tokunaga Rumi , Logvinenko Alexander D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObservers can easily differentiate between a pigmented stain and the white surface that it lies on. The same applies for a colour shadow cast upon the same surface. Although the difference between these two kinds of colour appearance (referred to as material and lighting hues) is self‐evident even for inexperienced observers, it is not one that has been captured by any colour appearance model thus far. We report here on an experiment supplying evidence for the dissociation of these two types of hue in the perceptual space. The stimulus display consisted of two identical sets of Munsell papers illuminated independently by yellow, neutral, and blue lights. Dissimilarities between all the paper/light pairs were ranked by five trichromatic observers, and then analysed by using non‐metric multidimensional scaling (MDS). In the MDS output configuration, the Munsell papers lit by the same light made a closed configuration retaining the same order as in the Munsell book. The paper configurations for the yellow and blue lights were displaced transversally and in parallel to each other, with that of the neutral light located in between. The direction of the shift is interpreted as the yellow‐blue lighting dimension. We show that the yellow‐blue lighting dimension cannot be reduced to that of the reflected light.
Attentional shifts have little effect on the waveform of the chromatic onset VEP
Authors: Highsmith Jennifer , Crognale Michael A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAttention is important for sufficient performance on many visual tasks. This has been shown using achromatic steady‐state and pattern‐reversal VEPs. Waveform characteristics typically attenuate when attending to distractor stimuli and ignoring VEP stimuli. Chromatic pattern‐onset responses have not been tested under conditions of selective attention: as they can be used in clinical settings to test color vision, it is important to know what effects attentional shifts would have on this response. In the present study chromatic pattern‐onset VEPs were recorded using spatially divided and spatially contiguous VEP and distractor stimuli. VEP stimuli were 1 cycle.deg−1 horizontal sine wave patterns (onset mode 100 ms on/400 ms off) used to selectively modulate the L−M and S‐(L+M) visual pathways. Distracter stimuli were letters. Subjects attended to either the letters or the gratings and pressed a button when a predetermined stimulus appeared. In Experiment one, VEP and distractor stimuli were superimposed and spatially contiguous. In Experiment two, stimuli were presented to different hemifields. No significant changes in waveform amplitude and latency were found between VEP and distractor attention conditions for either visual pathway. For the chromatic pattern‐onset response, modulation of attention does not change responses either with spatially contiguous or spatially separate selective attention manipulations. Consequently, it may not be necessary to monitor attention during recording of this response.
Effects of age and optical blur on real depth stereoacuity
Authors: Costa Marcelo F. , Moreira Sonia M. C. F. , Hamer Russell D. , Ventura Dora F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStereoscopic depth perception utilizes the disparity cues between the images that fall on the retinae of the two eyes. The purpose of this study was to determine what role aging and optical blur play in stereoscopic disparity sensitivity for real depth stimuli. Forty‐six volunteers were tested ranging in age from 15 to 60 years. Crossed and uncrossed disparity thresholds were measured using white light under conditions of best optical correction. The uncrossed disparity thresholds were also measured with optical blur (from +1.0D to +5.0D added to the best correction). Stereothresholds were measured using the Frisby Stereo Test, which utilizes a four‐alternative forced‐choice staircase procedure. The threshold disparities measured for young adults were frequently lower than 10 arcsec, a value considerably lower than the clinical estimates commonly obtained using Random Dot Stereograms (20 arcsec) or Titmus Fly Test (40 arcsec) tests. Contrary to previous reports, disparity thresholds increased between the ages of 31 and 45 years. This finding should be taken into account in clinical evaluation of visual function of older patients. Optical blur degrades visual acuity and stereoacuity similarly under white‐light conditions, indicating that both functions are affected proportionally by optical defocus.
The molecular genetics and evolution of colour and polarization vision in stomatopod crustaceans
Authors: Cronin T. W. , Porter M. L. , Bok M. J. , Wolf J. B. , Robinson P. R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStomatopod crustaceans have the most complex assemblage of visual receptor classes known; retinas of many species are thought to express up to 16 different visual pigments. Physiological studies indicate that stomatopods contain up to six distinct middle‐wavelength‐sensitive (MWS) photoreceptor classes, suggesting that no more than six different MWS opsin gene copies exist per species. However, we previously reported the unexpected expression of 6–15 different MWS genes in retinas of each of five stomatopod species (Visual Neurosci 26: 255–266, 2009). Here, we present a review of the results reported in this publication, plus new results that shed light on the origins of the diverse colour and polarization visual capabilities of stomatopod crustaceans. Usingin situhybridization of opsins in photoreceptor cells, we obtained new results that support the hypothesis of an ancient functional division separating spatial and polarizational vision from colour vision in the stomatopods. Since evolutionary trace analysis indicates that stomatopod MWS opsins have diverged both with respect to spectral tuning and to cytoplasmic interactions, we have now further analyzed these data in an attempt to uncover the origins, diversity and potential specializations among clades for specific visual functions. The presence of many clusters of highly similar transcripts suggests exuberant opsin gene duplication has occurred in the stomatopods, together with more conservative, ancient gene duplication events within the stem crustacean lineage. Phylogenetic analysis of opsin relatedness suggests that opsins specialized for colour vision have diverged from those devoted to polarization vision, and possibly motion and spatial vision.
Methodology for constructing a colour‐difference acceptability scale
Authors: Laborie Baptiste , Viénot Françoise , Langlois Sabine 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObservers were invited to report their degree of satisfaction on a 6‐point semantic scale with respect to the conformity of a test colour with a white reference colour, simultaneously presented on a PDP display. Eight test patches were chosen along each of the +a*, −a*, +b*, −b* axes of the CIELAB chromaticity plane, at Y = 80 ± 2 cd.m−2. Experimental conditions reliably represented the automotive environment (patch size, angular distance between patches) and observers could move their head and eyes freely. We have compared several methods of category scaling, the Torgerson‐DMT method (Torgerson, W. S. (1958). Theory and methods of scaling. Wiley, New York, USA); two versions of the regression method i.e. Bonnet’s (Bonnet, C. (1986). Manuel pratique de psychophysique. Armand Colin, Paris, France) and logistic regression; and the medians method. We describe in detail a case where all methods yield substantial but slightly different results. The solution proposed by the regression method which works with incomplete matrices and yields results directly on a colorimetric scale is probably the most useful in this industrial context. Finally we summarize the implementation of the logistic regression method over four hues and for one experimental condition.
Identification of red–green colour deficiency: sensitivity of the Ishihara and American Optical Company (Hard, Rand and Rittler) pseudo‐isochromatic plates to identify slight anomalous trichromatism
Authors: Birch Jennifer 
Published: September 2010

AbstractScreening sensitivity, based on a specific number of errors, of the Ishihara plates and of the American Optical Company (Hardy, Rand and Rittler) plates (HRR plates) was determined by reviewing data obtained for 486 male anomalous trichromats identified and classified with the Nagel anomaloscope. Data were obtained for the 16 screening plates, with Transformation and Vanishing numeral designs, of the 38 plate Ishihara test, and for the four red–green screening plates (with six Vanishing designs) of the HRR test. Sensitivity of the Ishihara plates was found to be 97.7% on 4 errors and 98.4% on 3 errors. Only anomalous trichromats with slight deficiency, according to the anomaloscope matching range, made 8 errors or fewer. One screening error, a single missed figure, is normally allowed as a pass on the HRR test and 3 errors is often recommended as the fail criterion to eliminate false positive results. Twenty‐three subjects made no error on the HRR screening plates and 12 subjects made a single error (35 anomalous trichromats). Screening sensitivity was therefore 92.8% using 2 errors as the fail criterion. Screening sensitivity was reduced to 87% when 3 errors was the fail criterion, and some deuteranomalous trichromats with moderate deficiency, according to the anomaloscope matching range, were not identified. Individuals who make a maximum of 2 errors on the HRR test, or on the Richmond HRR 4th Edition, should be re‐examined with the Ishihara plates to determine their colour vision status. The present review confirms that the Ishihara test is a very sensitive screening test and identifies people with slight anomalous trichromatism. The HRR test is unsatisfactory for screening and should not be chosen solely for this purpose.
Original Study: Comparison of three intraosseous access techniques in cats
Authors: Bukoski Alex , Winter Matthew , Bandt Carsten , Wilson Mary , Shih Andre 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective –To compare the placement feasibility and amount of bone trauma induced by 3 intraosseous (IO) access techniques in cats: an automatic impact penetration device (A), an automatic rotary insertion device (B), and a manual IO needle (C).Design –Prospective ex vivo study.Setting –University.Animals –Eighteen adult mixed breed feline cadavers.Interventions –Cadavers provided 72 total IO insertion locations divided equally between the right and left humerus and tibia. The 3 IO techniques were randomly allocated to these locations. Time to successful insertion, ease of insertion, and success rate were recorded. Each insertion site was analyzed for the number of bone fragments and defect diameter by computed tomography.Measurements and Main Results –Device B had lower time of insertion (P=0.01) compared with devices A and C. Device B had better ease of insertion scores (P<0.01) compared with devices A and C. No differences were detected between insertion sites (tibia versus humerus). No differences in the number of bone fragments, defect diameter, or success rate were detected among devices (P=0.06, 0.31, and 0.14, respectively).Conclusions –All 3 IO access methods evaluated yield acceptable results. Device B is significantly faster and easier to place in cat cadavers when compared with other methods.