bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Settling behavior of the glassy‐winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis, vector of Xylella fastidiosa, on southern highbush blueberry cultivars
Authors: Tertuliano M. , Srinivasan R. , Scherm H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe xylem‐limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells, Raju, Hung, Wiseberg, Mandelico‐Paul & Brenner causes bacterial leaf scorch, a new disease of southern highbush blueberry [Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Ericaceae) interspecific hybrids] in the southeastern USA. The bacterium is transmitted by sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), with the glassy‐winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), being the most common potential vector in blueberry plantings. Considerable differences are observed in disease intensity among blueberry cultivars in the field, but it remains unknown whether these differences are due to variations in cultivar susceptibility to the bacterium, differences in attractiveness to its vector(s), or both. The settling and feeding behavior of GWSS was evaluated on three southern highbush blueberry cultivars (FL 86‐19, Star, and Emerald) in the greenhouse; in previous field studies, these cultivars were found to be affected by bacterial leaf scorch at high, moderate, and low levels, respectively. Potted plants were caged together with field‐collected GWSS adults for a period of 5 days, with either all three cultivars caged simultaneously (choice test) or individually (no‐choice test). In the choice tests, no differences in cultivar attractiveness were observed during the first 2 days of study. However, from the 3rd day, significantly more adults settled on Emerald (52.7%) than on Star (25.5%) and FL 86‐19 (17.7%). In contrast, in no‐choice tests, the overall host plant acceptance for the three cultivars was similar, and 89.3–92.1% of adults settled on these plants. A significantly greater number of adults settled on the stems (79.3%) vs. the leaves (11.2%). Moreover, they preferred the middle portion of the shoot (56.9%) compared with the upper (7.8%) and the lower (14.7%) portions. In a separate study on FL 86‐19, greater numbers of GWSS nymphs settled on the upper (actively growing) portion of the shoot (82.3%), whereas only 15.8 and 1.5% settled on the middle and lower portions, respectively.
Immediate provisional restoration of single‐piece zirconia implants: a prospective case series – results after 24 months of clinical function
Authors: Payer Michael , Arnetzl Vincent , Kirmeier Robert , Koller Martin , Arnetzl Gerwin , Jakse Norbert 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveAim of this prospective case series was to evaluate the outcome of immediately provisionalized single‐piece zirconia implants.Material and methodsA total of 20 zirconia implants were inserted in single‐tooth gaps in the maxilla (11) and mandible (9) of 20 patients. Implants were restored with all‐ceramic CAD/CAM provisionals without occlusal contacts immediately after placement. Permanent all‐ceramic restoration was performed 4 months after surgery. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), Periotest® (PV), pink aesthetic score (PES), mean radiographic marginal bone levels (MBL), implant survival and success were evaluated up to 24 months.ResultsAssessment of PI at baseline and follow‐ups after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months revealed 27% (±5.3), 24% (±6), 23% (±6.1), 23% (±5.3) and 22% (±6.4), respectively. Evaluation of BOP revealed 25% (±5.6), 21% (±6), 21% (±7.2), 18% (±5.9) and 15% (±5.5), respectively. Implants presented stable at follow‐ups (PV). PES improved, but not statistically significant from 8.13 (±1.5) at baseline to 10 (±2) 24 months after implantation. Measurements of MBL showed a significant bone loss of 1.01 mm within the first year after placement (P < 0.001) and 1.29 mm 24 months post‐implant insertion, not reaching further statistically significant levels (P > 0.05). One implant was lost 4 months after placement, resulting in a survival and success rate of 95%.ConclusionClinical and radiographic parameters demonstrated a 95% integration of immediately loaded zirconia single‐piece implants. A long‐term randomized‐controlled clinical trial was initiated to confirm evidence of this protocol.
Immunohistochemical dual staining as an adjunct in assessment of mitotic activity in melanoma
Authors: Ikenberg Kristian , Pfaltz Madeleine , Rakozy Christiane , Kempf Werner 
Published: February 2012

Background: The mitotic rate was introduced as a major prognostic criterion for the staging of thin (≤1.0 mm) melanoma by the 2009 American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging and Classification (seventh edition). The detection of a single mitotic figure changes the tumor stage in thin melanoma. We sought to address the value of a dual staining to facilitate the determination of the mitotic rate and to assign the mitotic activity to melanocytes.Methods: The mitotic rate of melanoma cells was determined by dual phosphohistone‐H3 (PHH3)/Melan‐A immunohistochemistry. Results were compared with PHH3 staining alone and conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained slides of 15 melanomas with a tumor thickness <1.0 mm.Results: PHH3 staining clearly labeled cells in the mitotic cell cycle. The mitotic rate in the PHH3/Melan‐A dual stain was equal to that derived by H&E staining. Time required for counting mitotic figures was significantly reduced.Conclusions: The evaluation of mitotic rate with an immunohistochemical dual stain is faster (mean 63.0%) and more reliable than evaluation by routine H&E staining alone. Dual staining immunohistochemistry may be a useful additional tool to standardize the determination of mitotic rate and may be helpful in evaluation of challenging cases.Ikenberg K, Pfaltz M, Rakozy C, Kempf W. Immunohistochemical dual staining as an adjunct in assessment of mitotic activity in melanoma.
Randomised controlled pilot study in Japan comparing a home visit program using a Functioning Improvement Tool with a home visit with conversation alone
Authors: Ukawa Shigekazu , Yuasa Motoyuki , Ikeno Tamiko , Yoshioka Eiji , Satoh Hiroki , Murata Waka , Ikoma Katsunori , Kishi Reiko 
Published: February 2012

Aim:  This study aimed to determine the effect of a home visit program using a Functioning Improvement Tool (FIT) compared with a home visit using conversation alone.Methods:  Twenty‐eight participants (mean age, 78.6 ± 7.5 years) were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 13) or control (n = 15) group for 3 months. The intervention group received a 60‐minute FIT home visit program; the control group received a 30‐minute home visit using common conversational techniques. Measures were Mini‐Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and Geriatric Depression Scale.Results:  The FAB score was significantly improved in the intervention group compared with the control group (2.5 vs −0.5, P = 0.02).Conclusions:  Our FIT home visit program improved cognitive function. Further studies with larger samples and longer follow‐up periods are needed to assess the long‐term effectiveness of a FIT home visit program on cognition.
Final‐year student and employer views of essential personal, interpersonal and professional attributes for new veterinary science graduates
Authors: Schull DN , Morton JM , Coleman GT , Mills PC 
Published: February 2012

Objective  To describe the perceptions of final‐year veterinary science students regarding the importance of a variety of personal, interpersonal and professional attributes for new graduates, and to compare these with the views held by employers of new veterinary science graduates.Design  Final‐year veterinary science students at The University of Queensland and a sample of employers of new graduates from The University of Queensland were surveyed using a written questionnaire.Results  The distributions of responses given by students and employers did not differ significantly for 44 of 54 attributes listed. Communication skills, teamwork, respect for co‐workers, honesty and an awareness of personal limitations were valued highly by students and employers.Conclusion  Final‐year students and employers of new graduates from The University of Queensland ascribe similar importance to a variety of personal, interpersonal and professional attributes for new veterinary science graduates.
Gene flow networks among American Aedes aegypti populations
Authors: Gonçalves da Silva Anders , Cunha Ivana C. L. , Santos Walter S. , Luz Sérgio L. B. , Ribolla Paulo E. M. , Abad‐Franch Fernando 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe mosquito Aedes aegypti, the dengue virus vector, has spread throughout the tropics in historical times. While this suggests man‐mediated dispersal, estimating contemporary connectivity among populations has remained elusive. Here, we use a large mtDNA dataset and a Bayesian coalescent framework to test a set of hypotheses about gene flow among American Ae. aegypti populations. We assessed gene flow patterns at the continental and subregional (Amazon basin) scales. For the Americas, our data favor a stepping‐stone model in which gene flow is higher among adjacent populations but in which, at the same time, North American and southeastern Brazilian populations are directly connected, likely via sea trade. Within Amazonia, the model with highest support suggests extensive gene flow among major cities; Manaus, located at the center of the subregional transport network, emerges as a potentially important connecting hub. Our results suggest substantial connectivity across Ae. aegypti populations in the Americas. As long‐distance active dispersal has not been observed in this species, our data support man‐mediated dispersal as a major determinant of the genetic structure of American Ae. aegypti populations. The inferred topology of interpopulation connectivity can inform network models of Ae. aegypti and dengue spread.
Is spinal manipulation effective for paediatric conditions? An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Posadzki Paul , Ernst Edzard 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe aim of this overview was to critically evaluate the evidence of effectiveness for spinal manipulation in any paediatric condition. Four electronic databases were searched from their inception to July 2011 to identify all relevant systematic reviews of spinal manipulation for any paediatric condition. Reviews were defined as systematic if they included explicit and repeatable inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five systematic reviews were included, which covered the following conditions: infant colic (n=2), kinetic imbalance due to suboccipital strain (n=1), nocturnal enuresis (n=1) and otitis media (n=1). None of the systematic reviews generated conclusive evidence to suggest that spinal manipulation is an effective treatment for any paediatric condition. Collectively these data failed to demonstrate that spinal manipulation is a useful therapy for paediatric complaints. The safety of spinal manipulation in paediatrics is also less than clear.
Does auricular acupuncture reduce postoperative pain after gynaecological surgery?
Authors: Liu J 
Published: February 2012

Holzer A, Leitger U, Spacer A, Wenzl R, Herkner H, Kettner S.Auricular acupuncture for postoperative pain after gynaecological surgery: a randomized controlled trail
[sic].Minerva Anestesiol 2011; 77: 298–304.
Acupuncture for herpes zoster pain
Authors: Larhammar D 
Published: February 2012

Ursini T, Tontodonati M, Manzoli L, Polilli E, Rebuzzi C, Congedo G, Di Profio S, Marani Toro P, Consorte A, Placido G, Laganà S, D'Amario C, Granchelli C, Parruti G, Pippa L, VZV Pain Study Group.Acupuncture for the treatment of severe acute pain in herpes zoster: results of a nested, open‐label, randomized trial in the VZV pain study.BMC Complement Altern Med 2011; 11: 46.
Efficacy and safety of Antarth for osteoarthritis
Authors: Hung SK 
Published: February 2012

Gupta AK, Acharya K, Sancheti PS, Joshi RS.A double‐blind, randomized, multicentric, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of Antarth, a phytomedicine, in the treatment of osteoarthritis.Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43: 69–72.
Effect of Increased CRM197Carrier Protein Dose on Meningococcal C Bactericidal Antibody Response
Authors: Lee Lucia H. , Blake Milan S. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTNew multivalent CRM197-based conjugate vaccines are available for childhood immunization. Clinical studies were reviewed to assess meningococcal group C (MenC) antibody responses following MenC-CRM197coadministration with CRM197-based pneumococcal orHaemophilus influenzaetype b conjugate vaccines. Infants receiving a total CRM197carrier protein dose of ∼50 μg and concomitant diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP)-containing vaccine tended to have lower MenC geometric mean antibody titers and continued to have low titers after the toddler dose. Nevertheless, at least 95% of children in the reported studies achieved a MenC serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titer of ≥1:8 after the last infant or toddler dose. SBA was measured using an assay with a baby rabbit or human complement source. Additional studies are needed to assess long-term antibody persistence and MenC CRM197conjugate vaccine immunogenicity using alternative dosing schedules.
Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi OspA, OspC, OspF, and C6 Antigens as Markers for Early and Late Infection in Dogs
Authors: Wagner Bettina , Freer Heather , Rollins Alicia , Garcia-Tapia David , Erb Hollis N. , Earnhart Christopher , Marconi Richard , Meeus Patrick 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTLyme disease in the United States is caused byBorrelia burgdorferisensu stricto, which is transmitted to mammals by infected ticks.Borreliaspirochetes differentially express immunogenic outer surface proteins (Osp). Our aim was to evaluate antibody responses to Osp antigens to aid the diagnosis of early infection and the management of Lyme disease. We analyzed antibody responses during the first 3 months after the experimental infection of dogs using a novel multiplex assay. Results were compared to those obtained with two commercial assays detecting C6 antigen. Multiplex analysis identified antibodies to OspC and C6 as early as 3 weeks postinfection (p.i.) and those to OspF by 5 weeks p.i. Antibodies to C6 and OspF increased throughout the study, while antibodies to OspC peaked between 7 and 11 weeks p.i. and declined thereafter. A short-term antibody response to OspA was observed in 3/8 experimentally infected dogs on day 21 p.i. Quant C6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results matched multiplex results during the first 7 weeks p.i.; however, antibody levels subsequently declined by up to 29%. Immune responses then were analyzed in sera from 125 client-owned dogs and revealed high agreement between antibodies to OspF and C6 as robust markers for infection. Results from canine patient sera supported that OspC is an early infection marker and antibodies to OspC decline over time. The onset and decline of antibody responses toB. burgdorferiOsp antigens and C6 reflect their differential expression during infection. They provide valuable tools to determine the stage of infection, treatment outcomes, and vaccination status in dogs.
Efficient Transmission of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Viruses with High-Level Oseltamivir Resistance
Authors: Seibert Christopher W. , Rahmat Saad , Krammer Florian , Palese Peter , Bouvier Nicole M. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT
The limited availability of approved influenza virus antivirals highlights the importance of studying the fitness and transmissibility of drug-resistant viruses. S247N is a novel, naturally occurring N1 neuraminidase mutation that reduces oseltamivir sensitivity and greatly potentiates oseltamivir resistance in the context of the H275Y mutation. Here we show that highly oseltamivir-resistant viruses containing both the S247N and H275Y mutations transmit efficiently in the guinea pig transmission model.
HIV Infection Abrogates the Functional Advantage of Natural Killer Cells Educated through KIR3DL1/HLA-Bw4 Interactions To Mediate Anti-HIV Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
Authors: Parsons Matthew S. , Wren Leia , Isitman Gamze , Navis Marjon , Stratov Ivan , Bernard Nicole F. , Kent Stephen J. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTCombinations of KIR3DL1 and HLA-Bw4 alleles protect against HIV infection and/or disease progression. These combinations enhance NK cell responsiveness through the ontological process of education. However, educated KIR3DL1+NK cells do not have enhanced degranulation upon direct recognition of autologous HIV-infected cells. Since antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is associated with improved HIV infection outcomes and NK cells overcome inhibition through killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) to mediate ADCC, we hypothesized that KIR3DL1-educated NK cells mediate anti-HIV ADCC against autologous cells. A whole-blood flow cytometry assay was used to evaluate ADCC-induced activation of NK cells. This assay assessed activation (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] production and/or CD107a expression) of KIR3DL1+and KIR3DL1−NK cells, from HLA-Bw4+and HLA-Bw4−HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals, in response to autologous HIV-specific ADCC targets. KIR3DL1+NK cells were more functional than KIR3DL1−NK cells from HLA-Bw4+, but not HLA-Bw4−, healthy controls. In HIV-infected individuals, no differences in NK cell functionality were observed between KIR3DL1+and KIR3DL1−NK cells in HLA-Bw4+individuals, consistent with dysfunction of NK cells in the setting of HIV infection. Reflecting the partial normalization of NK cell responsiveness following initiation of antiretroviral therapy, a significant correlation was observed between the peripheral CD4+T-lymphocyte counts in antiretroviral therapy-treated subjects and the functionality of NK cells. However, peripheral CD4+T-lymphocyte counts were not correlated with an anti-HIV ADCC functional advantage in educated KIR3DL1+NK cells. The abrogation of the functional advantage of educated NK cells may enhance HIV disease progression. Strategies to enhance the potency of NK cell-mediated ADCC may improve HIV therapies and vaccines.
Identification and Characterization of Three Novel Nuclear Export Signals in the Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein
Authors: Yu Maorong , Liu Xiaoling , Cao Shuai , Zhao Zhendong , Zhang Ke , Xie Qing , Chen Caiwei , Gao Shengyan , Bi Yuhai , Sun Lei , Ye Xin , Gao George F. , Liu Wenjun 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe nuclear export of the influenza A virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) is crucial for virus replication. As a major component of the vRNP, nucleoprotein (NP) alone can also be shuttled out of the nucleus by interacting with chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) and is therefore hypothesized to promote the nuclear export of the vRNP. In the present study, three novel nuclear export signals (NESs) of the NP—NES1, NES2, and NES3—were identified as being responsible for mediating its nuclear export. The nuclear export of NES3 was CRM1 dependent, whereas that of NES1 or NES2 was CRM1 independent. Inactivation of these NESs led to an overall nuclear accumulation of NP. Mutation of all three NP-NESs significantly impaired viral replication. Based on structures of influenza virus NP oligomers, these three hydrophobic NESs are found present on the surface of oligomeric NPs. Functional studies indicated that oligomerization is also required for nuclear export of NP. Together, these results suggest that the nuclear export of NP is important for virus replication and relies on its NESs and oligomerization.
Measles Virus Glycoprotein-Pseudotyped Lentiviral Vectors Are Highly Superior to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G Pseudotypes for Genetic Modification of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
Authors: Humbert J.-M. , Frecha C. , Bouafia F. Amirache , N′Guyen T. H. , Boni S. , Cosset F.-L. , Verhoeyen E. , Halary F. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTDendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells capable of promoting or regulating innate and adaptive immune responses against non-self antigens. To better understand the DC biology or to use them for immune intervention, a tremendous effort has been made to improve gene transfer in these cells. Lentiviral vectors (LVs) have conferred a huge advantage in that they can transduce nondividing cells such as human monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) but required high amounts of viral particles and/or accessory proteins such as Vpx or Vpr to achieve sufficient transduction rates. As a consequence, these LVs have been shown to cause dramatic functional modifications, such as the activation or maturation of transduced MDDCs. Taking advantage of new pseudotyped LVs, i.e., with envelope glycoproteins from the measles virus (MV), we demonstrate that MDDCs are transduced very efficiently with these new LVs compared to the classically used vesicular stomatitis virus G-pseudotyped LVs and thus allowed to achieve high transduction rates at relatively low multiplicities of infection. Moreover, in this experimental setting, no activation or maturation markers were upregulated, while MV-LV-transduced cells remained able to mature after an appropriate Toll-like receptor stimulation. We then demonstrate that our MV-pseudotyped LVs use DC-SIGN, CD46, and CD150/SLAM as receptors to transduce MDDCs. Altogether, our results show that MV-pseudotyped LVs provide the most accurate and simple viral method for efficiently transferring genes into MDDCs without affecting their activation and/or maturation status.
Single-Domain Antibody-SH3 Fusions for Efficient Neutralization of HIV-1 Nef Functions
Authors: Bouchet Jérôme , Hérate Cécile , Guenzel Carolin A. , Vérollet Christel , Järviluoma Annika , Mazzolini Julie , Rafie Salomeh , Chames Patrick , Baty Daniel , Saksela Kalle , Niedergang Florence , Maridonneau-Parini Isabelle , Benichou Serge 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT
HIV-1 Nef is essential for AIDS pathogenesis, but this viral protein is not targeted by antiviral strategies. The functions of Nef are largely related to perturbations of intracellular trafficking and signaling pathways through leucine-based and polyproline motifs that are required for interactions with clathrin-associated adaptor protein complexes and SH3 domain-containing proteins, such as the phagocyte-specific kinase Hck. We previously described a single-domain antibody (sdAb) targeting Nef and inhibiting many, but not all, of its biological activities. We now report a further development of this anti-Nef strategy through the demonstration of the remarkable inhibitory activity of artificial Nef ligands, called Neffins, comprised of the anti-Nef sdAb fused to modified SH3 domains. The Neffins inhibited all key activities of Nef, including Nef-mediated CD4 and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) cell surface downregulation and enhancement of virus infectivity. When expressed in T lymphocytes, Neffins specifically inhibited the Nef-induced mislocalization of the Lck kinase, which contributes to the alteration of the formation of the immunological synapse. In macrophages, Neffins inhibited the Nef-induced formation of multinucleated giant cells and podosome rosettes, and it counteracted the inhibitory activity of Nef on phagocytosis. Since we show here that these effects of Nef on macrophage and T cell functions were both dependent on the leucine-based and polyproline motifs, we confirmed that Neffins disrupted interactions of Nef with both AP complexes and Hck. These results demonstrate that it is possible to inhibit all functions of Nef, both in T lymphocytes and macrophages, with a single ligand that represents an efficient tool to develop new antiviral strategies targeting Nef.