bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Claudin-18 status and its correlation with HER2 and PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination
Authors: Ogawa Haruki , Abe Hiroyuki , Yagi Koichi , Seto Yasuyuki , Ushiku Tetsuo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination (PD) has a dismal prognosis, and current treatments have shown little efficacy. CLDN18.2-targeted therapies have shown promising efficacy against gastric cancers that express high levels of CLDN18. Because of the limited information regarding CLDN18.2 status in PD, we analyzed PD-positive gastric cancers for CLDN18 status in both primary and PD, along with HER2 and PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS).

Methods
Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on 84 gastric cancer cases using paired primary and PD tissue samples.

Results
At 40% cut-off, CLDN18 was positive in 57% (48/84) primary tumors and in 44% (37/84) PDs. At 75% cut-off, 28.6% (24/84) primary tumors and 20.2% (17/84) PDs were CLDN18-positive. The concordance rate between primary tumors and PD was 79.8% at 40% cut-off and 75% at 75% cut-off. When comparing biopsy and surgical specimens, the concordance rates were 87.5% at 40% cut-off and 81.3% at 75% cut-off. Within a tumor, the superficial area tended to have a higher CLDN18-positive rate than the invasive front (P = 0.001). Although HER2 -positivity was only 11.9% in this cohort, CLDN18 positivity in HER2-negative tumors (n = 74) was relatively high: 60.8% at 40% cut-off and 28.4% at 75% cut-off. Among double-negative (HER2 − and PD-L1 CPS < 1) tumors, CLDN18 positivity was 67.6% at 40% cut-off and 26.5% at 75% cut-off.

Conclusions
CLDN18 expression is generally maintained in PD and is relatively high even in double-negative tumors, making it a promising therapeutic target for PD-positive gastric cancer.
Teacher autonomy support counters declining trend in intrinsic reading motivation across secondary school
Authors: Engler Laura , Westphal Andrea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudents’ intrinsic motivation to read, which is relevant to all forms of learning, tends to decline throughout secondary school. Based on self-determination theory (SDT), this study examines whether this downward trend is slowed when students perceive greater autonomy support in the classroom. We used large-scale panel data from the NEPS comprising N = 8193 students in Germany who reported their intrinsic motivation to read and their perceived autonomy support from German teachers at annual intervals from fifth to eighth grade. Scalar longitudinal measurement invariance was found for intrinsic reading motivation (IRM) and teacher autonomy support (TAS). A dual change score model showed a decline in IRM and a negative, non-significant decrease in TAS over time. Confirming our hypothesis, the decline in IRM was slowed by earlier levels of TAS. We discuss methods to counteract the decline in intrinsic reading motivation.
A snapshot of turbulence in the Northeastern Magellan Strait
Authors: Lozovatsky Iossif , Escauriaza Cristian , Suarez Leandro , Fernando Harindra J. S. , Williams Megan , Coppersmith Ronald Scott , Mayorga Nicolas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFirst-ever measurements of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate in the northeastern Strait of Magellan (Segunda Angostura region) taken in March 2019 are reported here. At the time of microstructure measurements, the magnitude of the reversing tidal current ranged between 0.8 and 1.2 ms−1. The probability distribution of the TKE dissipation rate in the water interior above the bottom boundary layer was lognormal with a high median value $${\varepsilon }_{med}^{MS}=1.2\times {10}^{-6}$$

ε

med

MS

=
1.2
×

10

-
6

Wkg−1. Strong vertical shear, $$\left(1-2\right)\times {10}^{-2}$$

1
-
2

×

10

-
2

s−1, in the weakly stratified water interior ensued a sub-critical gradient Richardson number $$Ri<{10}^{-1}-{10}^{-2}$$

R
i
<

10

-
1

-

10

-
2

. In the bottom boundary layer (BBL), the vertical shear and the TKE dissipation rate both decreased exponentially with the distance from the seafloor $$\xi$$
ξ
, leading to a turbulent regime with an eddy viscosity $${K}_{M}\sim {10}^{-3}$$

K
M

∼

10

-
3

m2/s, which varied with time and location, while being independent of the vertical coordinate in the upper part of BBL (for $$\xi >\sim 2$$

ξ
>
∼
2

meters above the bottom).
Characterizing heterogeneous forest structure in ponderosa pine forests via UAS-derived structure from motion
Authors: Hanna Laura , Tinkham Wade T. , Battaglia Mike A. , Vogeler Jody C. , Ritter Scott M. , Hoffman Chad M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIncreasingly, dry conifer forest restoration has focused on reestablishing horizontal and vertical complexity and ecological functions associated with frequent, low-intensity fires that characterize these systems. However, most forest inventory approaches lack the resolution, extent, or spatial explicitness for describing tree-level spatial aggregation and openings that were characteristic of historical forests. Uncrewed aerial system (UAS) structure from motion (SfM) remote sensing has potential for creating spatially explicit forest inventory data. This study evaluates the accuracy of SfM-estimated tree, clump, and stand structural attributes across 11 ponderosa pine-dominated stands treated with four different silvicultural prescriptions. Specifically, UAS-estimated tree height and diameter-at-breast-height (DBH) and stand-level canopy cover, density, and metrics of individual trees, tree clumps, and canopy openings were compared to forest survey data. Overall, tree detection success was high in all stands (F-scores of 0.64 to 0.89), with average F-scores > 0.81 for all size classes except understory trees (< 5.0 m tall). We observed average height and DBH errors of 0.34 m and − 0.04 cm, respectively. The UAS stand density was overestimated by 53 trees ha−1 (27.9%) on average, with most errors associated with understory trees. Focusing on trees > 5.0 m tall, reduced error to an underestimation of 10 trees ha−1 (5.7%). Mean absolute errors of bole basal area, bole quadratic mean diameter, and canopy cover were 11.4%, 16.6%, and 13.8%, respectively. While no differences were found between stem-mapped and UAS-derived metrics of individual trees, clumps of trees, canopy openings, and inter-clump tree characteristics, the UAS method overestimated crown area in two of the five comparisons. Results indicate that in ponderosa pine forests, UAS can reliably describe large- and small-grained forest structures to effectively inform spatially explicit management objectives.
Men with metastatic prostate cancer carrying a pathogenic germline variant in breast cancer genes: disclosure of genetic test results to relatives
Authors: Vlaming Michiel , Ausems Margreet G. E. M. , Schijven Gina , van Oort Inge M. , Kets C. Marleen , Komdeur Fenne L. , van der Kolk Lizet E. , Oldenburg Rogier A. , Sijmons Rolf H. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. L. M. , Bleiker Eveline M. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSome patients with metastatic prostate cancer carry a pathogenic germline variant (PV) in a gene, that is mainly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in women. If they test positive for such a PV, prostate cancer patients are encouraged to disclose the genetic test result to relatives who are at risk in case the carrier status changes the relatives’ medical care. Our study aimed to investigate how men who learned they carry a PV in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, CHEK2 or ATM disclosed their carrier status to at-risk relatives and to assess the possible psychological burden for the carrier and their perception of the burden for relatives. In total, 23 men with metastatic prostate cancer carrying a PV completed the IRI questionnaire about family communication; 14 also participated in a semi-structured interview. Patients felt highly confident in discussing the genetic test result with relatives. The diagnosis of prostate cancer was experienced as a burden, whereas being informed about genetic testing results did in most cases not add to this burden. Two patients encountered negative experiences with family communication, as they considered the genetic test result to be more urgent than their relatives. This mixed-methods study shows that metastatic prostate cancer patients with a PV in genes mainly associated with increased risk of breast cancer feel well-equipped to communicate about this predisposition in their families. Carriers felt motivated to disclose their genetic test result to relatives. Most of them indicated that the disclosure was not experienced as a psychological burden.
The Impact of Adding Dioxane Derivatives to Polyurethane Structures on their Performance and Degradation in the Environment
Authors: Oprea Stefan , Potolinca Violeta Otilia , Gradinaru Luiza Madalina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe novel dioxane-polyether polyurethanes underwent a 12-month outdoor soil burial test to look into how they would degrade in a natural setting. The structure, thermal properties, surface features, and mechanical strength of the polyurethane films were compared. The initial chemical structure and subsequent chemical alterations were identified using FTIR spectroscopy. The polyurethane samples were less thermally stable throughout the duration of the soil burial test, according to TG/DTG curves. According to all findings, polyurethanes containing 1,3-dioxane-5,5-dimethanol exhibit excellent physical characteristics and mild degradation levels after being buried in soil for a year. These polyether urethanes can break down if the rigid domain structure is exposed to moisture and if microorganisms can spread into the polymer matrix. The physical properties, surface features, and degradation of polyether polyurethanes can be improved by varying the molar ratios of the hard segment components and the dioxane derivative structures.
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Depth Estimation Based on Self-attention Mechanism and Edge Consistency Constraints
Authors: Guo Peng , Pan Shuguo , Hu Peng , Pei Ling , Yu Baoguo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) (Akada et al. Self-supervised learning of domain invariant features for depth estimation, in: 2022 IEEE/CVF winter conference on applications of computer vision (WACV), pp 3377–3387 (2022). 10.1109/WACV51458.2022.00107) depth estimation task, a new adaptive approach is to use the bidirectional transformation network to transfer the style between the target and source domain inputs, and then train the depth estimation network in their respective domains. However, the domain adaptation process and the style transfer may result in defects and biases, often leading to depth holes and instance edge depth missing in the target domain’s depth output. To address these issues, We propose a training network that has been improved in terms of model structure and supervision constraints. First, we introduce a edge-guided self-attention mechanism in the task network of each domain to enhance the network’s attention to high-frequency edge features, maintain clear boundaries and fill in missing areas of depth. Furthermore, we utilize an edge detection algorithm to extract edge features from the input of the target domain. Then we establish edge consistency constraints between inter-domain entities in order to narrow the gap between domains and make domain-to-domain transfers easier. Our experimental demonstrate that our proposed method effectively solve the aforementioned problem, resulting in a higher quality depth map and outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods.
Investigation of Two Laser Heat Treatment Strategies for Local Softening of a Sheet in Age-Hardening Aluminum Alloy by Means of Physical Simulation
Authors: Palmieri Maria Emanuela , Tricarico Luigi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCar manufacturers increasingly aid high-strength aluminum alloys for their advantageous weight-to-strength ratio, but their limited formability poses challenges in plastic deformation processes. Tailored heat-treated blanks (THTBs) are a propitious approach to improve formability. Surface laser treatment is the predominant technology for obtaining THTB. To design this process quickly and accurately, without material waste, the use of physical simulation is increasingly promising. It allows replicating the process on a lab-scale and studying posttreatment mechanical and metallurgical properties. By adopting Gleeble® physical simulator, this study investigates the softening effects of local surface laser heat treatment on a EN AW 6082 T6 aluminum alloy blank. Two laser movement strategies—single linear path and multiple rectangular paths—were investigated at two treatment speeds for each. A finite element (FE) model was developed for simulating the process under all explored conditions. FE-derived thermal cycles were reproduced by means of physical simulation. After physical tests, alloy mechanical properties were evaluated. Results show that these properties depend on both the peak temperature thermal cycle and the interaction time between the laser source and the material surface. The comparison between the two strategies revealed that the multiple rectangular paths strategy allows to achieve a wider softened area at comparable interaction times.
Synthesis and Gamma-ray Shielding Efficiency of Borosilicate Glasses Doped with Zinc Oxide: Comparative Study
Authors: Saleh Abdelmoneim , Sayyed M. I. , Kumar Anjan , Mansour Fatma Elzahraa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examined the suitability of several glass compositions as a gamma-ray shielding substance. The compositions tested were of varying ZnO concentrations, specifically (60-x) B2O3—10Na2O—15SiO2—5Al2O3—(x + 10)ZnO (where X = 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol%). Measurements were performed at energy levels of 0.6642, 1.1776, and 1.3343 MeV radiated from Cs137 and Co60 point sources along with a scintillation detector [NaI(TL)]. We investigated the critical properties related to gamma radiation shielding, determining the effective atomic number (Zeff), electron density (Nel), half-value layer (HVL), linear attenuation (μ) and mass attenuation (μm) coefficients, and mean free path (λ). Our results show that the glasses under examination get denser (from 2.12 to 2.77 g/cm3) as the Zn concentration rises from 15 to 35 mol %. In addition, all glass compositions provide adequate protection against gamma radiation at the specified energy levels. The values of µ went up from 0.157 to 0.214 cm−1 (0.6642 MeV), from 0.119 to 0.160 cm−1 (1.1776 MeV), and from 0.114 to 0.151 (1.3343 MeV). For samples B1 and B4, the observed HVL values dropped from 4.41, 5.84, and 6.12 cm to 3.21, 4.31, and 4.61 cm at 0.6642, 1.1736, and 1.3343 MeV, respectively. Among the materials tested, prepared glasses show higher shielding capacity compared to regularly used glass and concrete samples. The study highlights these glass compositions' potential as practical materials that can shield gamma radiation.
Rapid identification of flood-prone settlements in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin in Turkey
Authors: Dikici Mehmet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTerritories and settlements in low plains are at risk of flooding. Therefore, determining the areas at risk of flooding before preparing city plans or country development plans is essential. The number of hydrological models is increasing day by day; on the other hand, the solution of these models requires too many parameters. Long-term measurements are required to perform flood analysis with these models. However, in some regions, data from previous years may not always be available. Therefore, a method that enables the determination of flood-prone areas in a short time based on historical records is proposed in the current study. In the current study, the Eastern Mediterranean basin has an area of 21,682 km2 was examined. Using geographic information system (GIS) and the current population information (growth trend) as well as evaluating the historical process and archival records, 157 flood-prone settlement areas were identified. Different flood scenarios were examined and settlement areas that needed to be further examined by modeling were digitized. We aimed to create a base for basin-based flood modeling and to provide information about flood-prone areas to local administrators for national and local plans.
Quercetin loaded polymeric dissolving microarray patches: fabrication, characterisation and evaluation
Authors: Anjani Qonita Kurnia , Moreno-Castellanos Natalia , Adhami Masoud , Ramadon Delly , Jangga Jangga , Donnelly Ryan F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuercetin, a natural compound, shows promising potential in wound healing by reducing fibrosis, limiting scar formation, and boosting fibroblast proliferation. However, its effectiveness is hindered by poor solubility, resulting in low bioavailability and necessitating high doses for therapeutic efficacy. This study presents a novel approach, fabricating quercetin-loaded microarray patches (MAPs) using widely employed solubility enhancement strategies. Fabricated MAPs exhibited favourable mechanical strength and could be inserted into excised porcine skin to a depth of 650 μm. Furthermore, formulations containing Soluplus® significantly increased the drug loading capacity, achieving up to 2.5 mg per patch and complete dissolution within an hour of application on excised porcine skin. In vitro studies on full-thickness neonatal porcine skin demonstrated that Soluplus®-enhanced MAPs effectively delivered quercetin across various skin layers, achieving a delivery efficiency exceeding 80% over 24 h. Additionally, these prototype MAPs displayed anti-inflammatory properties and demonstrated biocompatibility with human keratinocyte skin cells. Therefore, quercetin-loaded MAPs employing Soluplus® as a solubility enhancer present a promising alternative strategy for wound healing and anti-inflammatory therapy applications.
Graphical abstract
Influence of the alcohol and water grades on surfactant-free colloidal syntheses of gold nanoparticles in alkaline water-alcohol mixtures
Authors: Quinson Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo make the most of the unique properties of nanomaterials, and to bridge the gap between fundamental and applied research, controlled, green, cheap and energy efficient syntheses of nanoparticles are required. In this respect, room and low temperature surfactant-free colloidal syntheses of nanoparticles obtained in low viscosity and low boiling point solvents, without additives or nature-derived extracts, are promising to develop more active (electro)catalysts. Recently, a room temperature synthesis of surfactant-free gold nanoparticles has been documented (Chem. Mater. 2023, 35, 5, 2173) that requires only water, a base such as NaOH, an alcohol and HAuCl4. Unfortunately, the syntheses of nanomaterials are often sensitive to multiple parameters and it is well acknowledged that reproducibility is a general challenge in the chemical sciences, where the synthesis of nanomaterials is no exception. Here, we investigate the effect of the water conductivity and solvent grade on the surfactant-free low temperature (ca. 30 °C) synthesis of colloidal gold nanoparticles obtained in alkaline mixtures of ethanol and water. The synthesis can be performed with relatively low-grade ethanol but requires high purity water. The importance of water with low conductivity is also stressed for syntheses where ethylene glycol and glycerol are used as source of reducing agents. The results of this study over 100 samples pave the way to greener, more controlled and scalable syntheses of surfactant-free gold nanomaterials.
Sexual Function After Gender Affirming Surgery
Authors: Sahmoud Amine , Castellanos Alicia R. , Zeki Jessica Abou , Pope Rachel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Sexual function and satisfaction in the transgender community is a nascent field with a paucity of data due to the fast paced nature of improving upon surgical technique and variety of patient experiences. The authors aim to review the current literature for areas of success as well as areas of improvement in order to better the sexual health of the transgender community.

Recent Findings
Gender dysphoria is a feeling of distress experienced by those whose gender assigned at birth is not in line with their gender identity. While social transition to the desired gender can suffice for some, medical and surgical interventions are often sought out to achieve gender euphoria, the decrease or absence of gender dysphoria. Often, issues with sexual function and satisfaction can trigger gender dysphoria, especially prior to social, medical, or surgical transition.

Summary
Surgical genital gender affirmation has been the most studied in terms of sexual function and improvement of gender dysphoria. Surgical complications, hormonal changes, and other organic causes of sexual dysfunction can still interfere with one’s overall sexual satisfaction. A validated measure of sexual function for trans men and trans women is needed to better assess outcomes.
Evaluation of inversion approaches for plates based on guided waves and modal analysis
Authors: Hoppe Karl-Alexander , Schmid Simon , Kollofrath Jochen , Marburg Steffen , Grosse Christian U. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe identification of defects in plate-like structures has been successfully treated using both local guided ultrasonic waves and global modal quantities. Although there are many papers on these techniques, a lack of comparability between the two methods persists. This makes it difficult for users to identify the most appropriate method for the defect in question. This paper examines the effect of different parameterizations of a circular defect in a square aluminum plate on the system response in a case study. The measured local ultrasound signal from a propagating guided wave makes up the initial data set. The first method uses the entire waveform for the objective function of the optimization problem, while the second considers the velocity of the $$A_0$$

A
0

mode. In the third and fourth methods, the first and second global natural frequencies of the plate modeled with free-free boundary conditions are investigated. The numerical models are validated experimentally through measurements with a laser Doppler vibrometer. This results in the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the objective functions for all parameter combinations of the defect. The recommendation to sequentially employ modal analysis and then the ultrasound procedure is made for the defect type used in this study. The data gathered on the objective functions suggests that potential joint employment of the natural frequency and ultrasound methods may increase computational efficiency. For a specific case, the methods could also complement each other in terms of challenges such as local minima.