bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of approaches to account for uncertainty in analysis of imputed genotypes
Authors: Zheng Jin , Li Yun , Abecasis Gonçalo R. , Scheet Paul 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe availability of extensively genotyped reference samples, such as “The HapMap” and 1,000 Genomes Project reference panels, together with advances in statistical methodology, have allowed for the imputation of genotypes at single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that are untyped in a cohort or case‐control study. These imputation procedures facilitate the interpretation and meta‐analyses of genome‐wide association studies. A natural question when implementing these procedures concerns how best to take into account uncertainty in imputed genotypes. Here we compare the performance of the following three strategies: least‐squares regression on the “best‐guess” imputed genotype; regression on the expected genotype score or “dosage”; and mixture regression models that more fully incorporate posterior probabilities of genotypes at untyped SNPs. Using simulation, we considered a range of sample sizes, minor allele frequencies, and imputation accuracies to compare the performance of the different methods under various genetic models. The mixture models performed the best in the setting of a large genetic effect and low imputation accuracies. However, for most realistic settings, we find that regressing the phenotype on the estimated allelic or genotypic dosage provides an attractive compromise between accuracy and computational tractability. Genet. Epidemiol. 32:102–110, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of restraints among youth in a psychiatric hospital: application of translational action research
Authors: Tompsett Carolyn J. , Domoff Sarah , Boxer Paul 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study extends a translational action research program by applying a theoretically based measure of risk in predicting incidents of restraint among children and adolescents in a secure psychiatric hospital. Youth inpatients (N = 149, aged 5–17 years) were assessed at intake for the presence of selected individual and contextual risk factors, and their involvement in critical incidents was tracked (i.e., number of episodes in which restraint was applied) for the remainder of their hospitalization. Models including history of aggression or history of previous placements as well as combined models including several individual and contextual factors significantly predicted the likelihood of a youth becoming involved in at least one restraint. Unique predictors of restraint involvement included history of aggression against adults and history of previous psychiatric hospitalizations. None of the variables assessed predicted the extent of a youth's restraint involvement. The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to future research and empirically informed practice with high‐risk youth. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 00:1–15, 2011.
Mindfulness‐based approaches: are they all the same?
Authors: Chiesa Alberto , Malinowski Peter 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMindfulness‐based approaches are increasingly employed as interventions for treating a variety of psychological, psychiatric and physical problems. Such approaches include ancient Buddhist mindfulness meditations such as Vipassana and Zen meditations, modern group‐based standardized meditations, such as mindfulness‐based stress reduction and mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy, and further psychological interventions, such as dialectical behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. We review commonalities and differences of these interventions regarding philosophical background, main techniques, aims, outcomes, neurobiology and psychological mechanisms. In sum, the currently applied mindfulness‐based interventions show large differences in the way mindfulness is conceptualized and practiced. The decision to consider such practices as unitary or as distinct phenomena will probably influence the direction of future research. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1‐21, 2011.
Second‐order collision‐induced light scattering: a spherical tensor approach
Authors: Senchuk A. , Tabisz G. C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCollision‐induced light scattering (CILS) is a rotational–translational Raman scattering occurring in pairs or larger clusters of interacting molecules. A general explicit expression for the dipole correlation function relevant to second‐order CILS is derived in the spherical tensor formalism. A Mathematica program is given to calculate this autocorrelation function and hence the scattered intensity and depolarization ratio. Some examples are given for interacting atoms and tetrahedral molecules. These developments will aid in the interpretation of the weak, high‐frequency wings of induced spectra. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy of laser‐induced oxidation of titanomagnetites
Authors: Bauer Michael , Davydovskaya Polina , Janko Marek , Kaliwoda Melanie , Petersen Nikolai , Gilder Stuart , Stark Robert W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTitanomagnetites are important carriers of magnetic remanence in nature and can track redox conditions in magma. The titanium concentration in magnetite bears heavily on its magnetic properties, such as saturation moment and Curie temperature. On land and in the deep ocean, however, these minerals are prone to alteration which can mask the primary magnetic signals they once recorded. Thus, it is essential to characterize the cation composition and oxidation state of titanomagnetites that record the paleomagnetic field. Raman spectroscopy provides a unique tool for both purposes. Nonetheless, the heat generated by the excitation laser can itself induce oxidation. We show that the laser power threshold to produce oxidation decreases with increasing titanium content. With confocal Raman spectroscopy and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) on natural and synthetic titanomagnetites, a non‐destructive Raman imaging protocol was established. We applied this protocol to map out the composition and magnetization state within a single ex‐solved titanomagnetite grain in a deep‐sea basalt. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of core‐shell molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres by precipitation polymerization for the inline molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction of thiabendazole from citrus fruits and orange juice samples
Authors: Barahona Francisco , Turiel Esther , Cormack Peter A. G. , Martín‐Esteban Antonio 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this work, the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres with narrow particle size distributions and core‐shell morphology by a two‐step precipitation polymerization procedure is described. Polydivinylbenzene (poly DVB‐80) core particles were used as seed particles in the production of molecularly imprinted polymer shells by copolymerization of divinylbenzene‐80 with methacrylic acid in the presence of thiabendazole (TBZ) and an appropriate porogen. Thereafter, polymer particles were packed into refillable stainless steel HPLC columns used in the development of an inline molecularly imprinted SPE method for the determination of TBZ in citrus fruits and orange juice samples. Under optimized chromatographic conditions, recoveries of TBZ within the range 81.1–106.4%, depending upon the sample, were obtained, with RSDs lower than 10%. This novel method permits the unequivocal determination of TBZ in the samples under study, according to the maximum residue levels allowed within Europe, in less than 20 min and without any need for a clean‐up step in the analytical protocol.
Analysis of anthocyanins in commercial fruit juices by using nano‐liquid chromatography‐electrospray‐mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV‐vis detector
Authors: Fanali Chiara , Dugo Laura , D'Orazio Giovanni , Lirangi Melania , Dachà Marina , Dugo Paola , Mondello Luigi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNano‐LC and conventional HPLC techniques were applied for the analysis of anthocyanins present in commercial fruit juices using a capillary column of 100 μm id and a 2.1 mm id narrow‐bore C18 column. Analytes were detected by UV‐Vis at 518 nm and ESI‐ion trap MS with HPLC and nano‐LC, respectively. Commercial blueberry juice (14 anthocyanins detected) was used to optimize chromatographic separation of analytes and other analysis parameters. Qualitative identification of anthocyanins was performed by comparing the recorded mass spectral data with those of published papers. The use of the same mobile phase composition in both techniques revealed that the miniaturized method exhibited shorter analysis time and higher sensitivity than narrow‐bore chromatography. Good intra‐day and day‐to‐day precision of retention time was obtained in both methods with values of RSD less than 3.4 and 0.8% for nano‐LC and HPLC, respectively. Quantitative analysis was performed by external standard curve calibration of cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside standard. Calibration curves were linear in the concentration ranges studied, 0.1–50  and 6–50 μg/mL for HPLC‐UV/Vis and nano‐LC‐MS, respectively. LOD and LOQ values were good for both methods. In addition to commercial blueberry juice, qualitative and quantitative analysis of other juices (e.g. raspberry, sweet cherry and pomegranate) was performed. The optimized nano‐LC‐MS method allowed an easy and selective identification and quantification of anthocyanins in commercial fruit juices; it offered good results, shorter analysis time and reduced mobile phase volume with respect to narrow‐bore HPLC.
Role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in remote ischemic preconditioning of the mouse liver
Authors: Abu-Amara Mahmoud , Yang Shi Yu , Quaglia Alberto , Rowley Peter , Fuller Barry , Seifalian Alexander , Davidson Brian 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Hindlimb remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) reduces liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in wild-type mice. The underlying mechanisms of RIPC are currently unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in mediating the protective effects of RIPC. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS-/-) mice were divided into 4 groups: (1) a sham surgery group, (2) an RIPC group (6 cycles of 4 minutes of hindlimb ischemia and 4 minutes of hindlimb reperfusion), (3) an IR group [40 minutes of lobar (70%) hepatic ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion], and (4) an RIPC+IR group (RIPC followed by the IR group procedures). Plasma liver aminotransferases, hepatic histopathological injury scores, transmission electron microscopy studies, and hepatic microcirculatory blood flow (MBF) were assessed. eNOS protein expression was analyzed in the livers and hindlimb muscles of wild-type mice. Hindlimb RIPC did not protect against subsequent liver IR injury in eNOS-/- mice; this was demonstrated by the lack of reduction in the plasma aminotransferase levels, histopathological scores, or ultrastructural features of IR injury in the RIPC+IR group versus the IR group. Hepatic MBF did not recover during liver reperfusion in the RIPC+IR group versus the IR group. eNOS protein expression was similar among all wild-type groups. In conclusion, eNOS is essential for the protective effects of hindlimb RIPC on liver IR injury. eNOS exerts its protective effects through the preservation of hepatic MBF. At 2 hours of reperfusion, eNOS protection is likely due to the increased activation of eNOS rather than increased expression. Liver Transpl 17:610-619, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
Simultaneous Vapor‐Phase Polymerization of PEDOT and a Siloxane into Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Thin Films
Authors: Han Yong‐Hyeon , Travas‐Sejdic Jadranka , Wright Bryon , Yim Jin‐Heong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe co‐vaporization and simultaneous polymerization of EDOT and APTES on a FTS‐coated substrate resulting in a homogeneous PEDOT/ASSQ thin film is described. The physicochemical properties of the film, including surface hardness, solvent mechanical wear resistance, and resistance to scratch, were much better than those of pure PEDOT. A PEDOT/ASSQ hybrid film with homogeneous morphology resulted, as judged by AFM topography scans, surface roughness calculations, and SEM images. The ASSQ proportion in the hybrid films, as investigated by XPS and EDS, was strongly dependent on the content of FTS on the substrate. In addition, the simultaneous polymerization of a PEDOT/ASSQ hybrid film onto selective micropatterns was demonstrated and analyzed.
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High‐Mobility Conjugated Polymers Based on Fused‐Thiophene Building Blocks
Authors: Liu Yao , Liu Yunqi , Zhan Xiaowei 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOrganic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are a promising cost‐effective alternative to silicon‐based field‐effect transistors, and possess low‐cost, light‐weight, and flexibility advantages. Conjugated polymers based on fused‐thiophene building blocks have received considerable attention in the emerging field of organic electronics. In this review the most recent developments in conjugated polymers based on fused‐thiophene rings for high‐performance OFETs are summarized. The focus is on correlations of polymer chemical structures with properties, such as energy levels, film‐forming property, film morphology, and OFET performance. This structure–property relationship analysis may guide rational structural design and evaluation of organic semiconductors.
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Homo and Block Copolymers of Poly(β‐benzyl‐L‐aspartate)s and Poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate)s of Different Architectures
Authors: Brulc Blaž , Žagar Ema , Gadzinowski Mariusz , Słomkowski Stanisław , Žigon Majda 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHomopolypeptides of linear and star‐like architectures were prepared by polymerizing benzylic‐protected L‐glutamic acid and L‐aspartic acid N‐carboxyanhydrides (Glu NCA, Asp NCA) in DMF. The polymerization rate of the Glu NCA is faster than that of Asp NCA. Using a simple monoamino initiator, its hydrochloride, di‐, tri‐, and tetraamino functional initiators, homopolypeptides with well‐defined structures and molar masses were obtained. The molar‐mass averages of the poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate)s lie very close to calculated values, according to the initial [M]:[I] ratios, while those of the linear poly(β‐benzyl‐L‐aspartate)s were lower than the predicted ones. PBAs had somewhat broader molar‐mass distributions than PBGs.
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A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of the Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymer Poly(L‐lactic acid)‐block‐Poly(L‐lysine)‐block‐Poly(ethylene glycol) Monomethyl Ether
Authors: Xiang Li , Shen Lin‐Jing , Long Feng , Yang Ke , Fan Jun‐Bing , Li Ya‐Jing , Xiang Jiannan , Zhu Ming‐Qiang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe amphiphilic triblock copolymer PLA‐b‐PLL‐b‐MPEG is prepared in three steps through acylation coupling between the terminal amino groups of PLA‐b‐PZLL‐NH2 and carboxyl‐terminal MPEG, followed by the deprotection of amines. The block copolymers are characterized via FT‐IR, 1H NMR, DSC, GPC, and TEM. TEM analysis shows that the triblock polymers can form polymeric micelles in aqueous solution with a homogeneous spherical morphology. The cytotoxicity assay indicates that the final triblock polymer micelles after deprotection show low cytotoxicity against Bel7402 human hepatoma cells. MPEG and PLL were introduced into the main chain of PLA affording a kind of ideal bioabsorbable polymer materials, which is expected to be useful in drug and gene delivery.
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Biocompatible Poly(D,L‐lactide)‐block‐Poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine) Micelles for Drug Delivery
Authors: Liu Gong‐Yan , Lv Li‐Ping , Chen Chao‐Jian , Hu Xiao‐Fen , Ji Jian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWell‐defined amphiphilic PLA‐b‐PMPC diblock copolymers were synthesized. Bimimetic micelles were prepared and applied for release of anti‐cancer drugs (DOX). TEM and DLS analysis revealed a regular spherical shape with small diameter (less than 50 nm) of the micelle. The biocompatibility of PLA‐b‐PMPC micelles was studied, and it was found that the micelles possessed excellent cytocompatibility due to the zwitterionic phosphorylcholine group. DOX could be efficiently loaded into the micelles with a loading efficiency of 44–67%. The DOX‐loaded micelles showed lower cytotoxicity than free drugs and efficiently delivered and released the drug into cancer cells. With these properties, the PLA‐b‐PMPC polymer micelles are attractive as drug carriers for pharmaceutical application.
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Percolation of Trace Amounts of Linear Polymers in Melts of Cyclic Polymers
Authors: Vasquez Rafael , Shanbhag Sachin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMelts of CPs, intentionally contaminated with small fractions of LPs, are studied using the bond fluctuation model to probe the extreme sensitivity of the rheology to trace amounts of linear chains. Using primitive path analysis to compute the number of entanglements on the molecules, the threshold concentration at which LPs percolate through the system is calculated using a mean‐field theory. It is found that the percolation threshold decreases with the molecular weight, and is approximately 25–30 times smaller than the overlap concentration of the linear chains for the longest polymers studied. These simulations help to understand and justify the approximations made in earlier theoretical investigations.magnified image
A 77‐GHz Marchand balun for antenna applications in BiCMOS technology
Authors: Wang Guoan , Bavisi Amit , Woods Wayne , Ding Hanyi , Mina Essam 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this article, the design and measurement of a 77‐GHz Marchand balun matched to 50 Ω single‐ended and 100 Ω differential‐ends using multiple metal layers in silicon technology is discussed. The balun is measured with an insertion loss of 1.8 dB at 77 GHz, an amplitude imbalance of ±1.8 dB, and phase imbalance of ±1.5°. Also, this article presents the effect of parasitic reactance in the load terminations and dummy metal fills on balun's performance. It was found that the interlevel dummy metal fills and increase the insertion and also cause significant amplitude imbalance in the balun especially at frequencies above 50 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:664–666, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25756
Accurate GaN HEMT nonquasi‐static large‐signal model including dispersive effects
Authors: Crupi Giovanni , Raffo Antonio , Schreurs Dominique M. M.‐P. , Avolio Gustavo , Vadalà Valeria , Di Falco Sergio , Caddemi Alina , Vannini Giorgio 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to present an advanced technique for accurately modeling the behavior of a GaN HEMT under realistic working conditions. Since this semiconductor transistor technology has demonstrated to be very well suited for high‐frequency (HF) high‐power applications, an equivalent circuit model is developed to account for the device nonlinearities at microwave frequencies. In particular, the proposed model includes bias dependence of both low‐frequency (LF) dispersive effects affecting GaN devices and HF nonquasi‐static effects, since these two types of frequency dependent phenomena play a crucial role under microwave large‐signal condition. The extraction procedure consists of two main steps. First, an accurate multibias small‐signal nonquasi‐static equivalent circuit is analytically extracted from scattering parameters measured under a wide range of bias points. Thereafter, this linear model is used as a cornerstone for building a nonlinear nonquasi‐static equivalent circuit, which is expanded to account for the LF dispersive phenomena by using an empirical formulation directly identified from the HF large‐signal measurements. The accuracy of the proposed modeling approach is completely and successfully verified by comparing model simulations with LF and HF large‐signal measurements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:692–697, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25757
Analysis and modeling of dual‐band ACMPA with asymmetric crossed slots
Authors: Lim Sang Ho , Jung Chae Hyun , Kim Se Young , Myung Noh Hoon 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article describes an accurate and efficient modeling of dual‐band aperture‐coupled microstrip patch antennas (ACMPAs) that have two types of asymmetric crossed slots.An asymmetric crossed slot ACMPA (ACS‐ACMPA) is initially studied, and an asymmetric H‐shaped crossed slot ACMPA (AHSCS‐ACMPA) is then proposed and modeled to reduce the back radiation from the slots. To verify the suggested modeling, antennas operating at 3 GHz and 5 GHz are designed and fabricated. The computed resonance frequencies from the suggested modeling show excellent agreement with the simulated and measured results (with an error of less than 1% for the ACS‐ACMPA and 1.34% for the AHSCS‐ACMPA). To confirm the reduction of the back radiation, we simulated and measured the radiation patterns of the antennas. By using H‐shaped slots, we obtained a front‐back ratio enhancement of 2.6 dB at 3 GHz and 1.9 dB at 5 GHz. Because of their accuracy and simplicity, the proposed modelings are useful for the analysis and design of an ACS‐ACMPA and an AHSCS‐ACMPA for dual‐band operation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:679–686, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25761
Design of a decoupled MIMO antenna for LTE applications
Authors: Park Byeong‐Yong , Choi Jung‐Hwan , Park Seong‐Ook , Yang Tae‐Sik , Byun Joon‐Ho 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA compact multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna array at 700 MHz has been proposed for long‐term evolution‐standardized handsets. A simple shunt element‐based decoupling technique has been used to realize high isolation between the strongly coupled antenna elements. The antennas with and without decoupling have been evaluated for envelope correlation coefficient, radiation efficiency, and channel capacity characteristics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:582–586, 2011; View this article at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25766
Integrated heaters for the thermal tuning of Bragg grating filters on silicon‐on‐insulator rib waveguides
Authors: Raum Christopher R. , Gauthier Robert , Tait R. Niall 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe thermal tuning of a Bragg grating filter on silicon‐on‐insulator rib waveguides has been demonstrated with integrated resistive heaters.The thermal sensitivity is 82 pm/×°C with an efficiency of 4.5 nm/W. A technique for indirectly measuring the temperature of the integrated heaters is also demonstrated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:672–676, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25768
Compact circularly polarized microstrip array antenna
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , Elhefnawi Fatma , Elsherbeni Atef Z. , Hendi Moataza , Elramly Salwa 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article first presents a compact circularly polarized single patch antenna. The radiating structure consists of a square patch with embedding four bent slots to reduce the overall dimensions. Circular polarization is obtained by feeding the patch with 90° phase shift between two pins placed symmetrically on the two main axes. Wilkinson power divider is used to produce the λ/4 phase difference between the two feeding points and placed on the opposite side of the patch's ground plane. Then, a compact circularly polarized microstrip array antenna with four square patches is presented. The four patches are fed in phase quadrature such that a phase shift of 90° exists between each neighboring patches, thus providing circularly polarized pattern. The array feeding network is placed on the opposite side of the patches' ground plane and is designed using three Wilkinson power dividers having different output lengths that achieve the required phase shift between patches. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:604–609, 2011; View this article at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25772