bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outpatient repair of superior semicircular canal dehiscence via the transmastoid approach
Authors: Deschenes Geoffrey R. , Hsu Daniel P. , Megerian Cliff A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) syndrome has been a topic of much interest since its first description a decade ago. The symptoms of vertigo, autophony, and Tullio phenomenon have been well described as has the utility of surgical repair. The standard approach described for surgical repair of this problem has been to perform a middle fossa craniotomy followed by plugging of the superior semicircular canal. Recently, a transmastoid approach has been described as another surgical option in cases of SSCD, an alternative that could avoid the known risks of a middle fossa craniotomy. Herein we present further data for validation of the transmastoid SSCD repair technique. Additional factors leading to the successful treatment of these patients in the outpatient setting, an approach not previously described, are detailed.Study Design:Retrospective study of three separate operative procedures in two patients (one patient with bilateral SSCD) in an academic medical center is presented along with postoperative course and hearing status.Methods:Three ears with radiographic evidence of SSCD confirmed with vestibular evoked myogenic potentials after symptomatic presentation were studied. Each ear had preoperative and postoperative audiometry and outpatient surgery. SSCD was repaired in each patient using a transmastoid approach with specific anesthetic and surgical precautions taken to minimize nausea and vertigo.Results:Each patient was discharged from the outpatient unit with two cases returning home the day of surgery and one case after 23‐hour observation. All had resolution of their SSCD symptoms and postoperative hearing testing revealed no evidence of sensorineural hearing loss and resolution of related conductive components.Conclusions:The advantages noted by others with regards to the transmastoid repair of SSCD related symptomatology appear genuine and reproducible. In addition, this approach appears to offer potential freedom from a prolonged hospital admission with the potential for outpatient surgery in some circumstances without compromised clinical outcomes. Laryngoscope, 2009
Endoscopic transnasal approach to the clivus: A radiographic anatomical study
Authors: Burkart Collin M. , Theodosopoulos Philip V. , Keller Jeffrey T. , Zimmer Lee A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Operative intervention of anterior skull base lesions is challenging. Various endoscopic surgical approaches have been described. The goal of the present study is to perform a radiographic analysis of the endoscopic transnasal approach to the clivus.Study Design:Anatomic study utilizing computed tomography (CT).Methods:High‐resolution surgical‐guidance CT images of the sinuses from 97 patients at a tertiary care medical center between 2002 and 2007 were evaluated. Axial and sagittal images were used to evaluate surgical access to the clivus. Multiple anatomical measurements were obtained and analyzed with imaging and statistical software.Results:Of the 97 imaging studies, there were 39 males and 58 females. The width of exposure of the clivus without removal of the septum was 2.7 cm (1.9–3.4 cm) and with removal of the bony septum was 3.6 cm (2.6–4.8 cm) (P < .001). No patients had complete exposure of the width of the clivus without the septum removed compared to 56 (58%) patients with the septum removed. Endoscopic exposure of the inferior and superior limits of the clivus was not limited in any images studied.Conclusions:The endoscopic transnasal approach to the clivus is a viable option in the treatment of anterior skull base lesions with the preservation of functional anatomy in select patients. A large portion of the population has limited lateral exposure secondary to the eustachian tube and the medial pterygoid plate with an endoscopic transnasal approach. Vertically, this approach allows complete access to the clivus in all patients studied. Laryngoscope, 2009
A new treatment option for laryngeal sensory neuropathy
Authors: Halum Stacey L. , Sycamore David L. , McRae Bryan R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Laryngeal sensory neuropathy (LSN) may produce a variety of symptoms, including chronic cough, globus sensation, odynophonia, and/or odynophagia. Etiologies are often iatrogenic, viral, or idiopathic, although the diagnosis is generally one of exclusion. The aim of this study is to introduce pregabalin (Lyrica, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY) as a potential new therapy for LSN.Study Design:Retrospective clinical investigation.Methods:Charts were reviewed from 12 consecutive patients who were prescribed pregabalin for symptoms of LSN. Outcomes were reviewed by analyzing pre and post‐treatment questionnaires asking patients to rate symptoms on a scale from 0 to 5. Adverse effects and evidence of drug tolerance were also recorded.Results:Two patients did not tolerate pregabalin due to somnolence. Of those that tolerated the medication, mean pretreatment chief complaint symptom severity rating was 3.9, whereas mean post‐treatment symptom rating was 1.2 after 1 month of pregabalin therapy. None of the patients developed drug tolerance effects over time.Conclusions:Pregabalin therapy appears to be an effective treatment option for laryngeal sensory neuropathy. Future prospective studies are needed to compare outcomes between pregabalin and other medications as treatments for LSN. Laryngoscope, 2009
Low COX2 in tumor and upregulation in stroma mark laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Kourelis Konstantinos , Vandoros Gerasimos , Kourelis Theodoros , Papadas Theodoros , Goumas Panos , Sotiropoulou‐Bonikou Georgia 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the larynx, like most solid tumors, are surrounded by a reactive stroma, in which cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the predominant cell type. This mesenchymal reaction may affect cancer progression multiply. The proinflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) has been correlated with head and neck cancer. This study aims to explore the impact of epithelial and stromal COX‐2 expression on SCC behavior.Study Design:Retrospective case review study performed in a tertiary health center institution.Methods:Double immunohistochemistry of COX‐2 and the CAF marker α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) was utilized in 97 laryngeal cancer patients. Follow‐up data were collected in 52 cases.Results:Low COX‐2 immunostaining in cancer cells was associated with advanced grade (P = .044) and shorter recurrence‐free period (P = .035). CAF expression was positively correlated with the grade of the infiltrating tumor (P = .030).Conclusions:In laryngeal SCCs, COX‐2 may exert its deleterious effect by alterations in the tumor microenvironment. CAF‐derived, COX‐2‐mediated paracrine influences on malignant cells possibly facilitate cancer progression. Overlooking the stromal remodeling could account for unsuccessful treatments of epithelial neoplasms. Laryngoscope, 2009
Two genetic variants in prostate stem cell antigen and gastric cancer susceptibility in a chinese population
Authors: Wu Chen , Wang Guanghai , Yang Ming , Huang Liming , Yu Dianke , Tan Wen , Lin Dongxin 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGenetic factors play important roles in pathogenesis of human cancer. A recent genome‐wide association study (GWAS) linked two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), rs2294008C>T and rs2976392G>A, to risk of diffuse‐type of gastric cancer in Japanese and Korean populations. We hypothesized that these two SNPs are also associated with risk of gastric cancer in Chinese population. We examined genotypes and haplotypes of PSCA, rs2294008C/T and rs2976392G/A in 716 patients with cardia gastric carcinoma (CGC), 1020 patients with noncardia gastric carcinoma (NCGC), and 1020 controls. We found that individuals with at least one copy of the rs2294008T allele (CT or TT genotype) had an elevated risk for developing NCGC compared with those without this allele (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.13–1.61). Individuals with at least one copy of the rs2976392A allele (GA or AA genotype) had nonsignificantly increased risk for NCGC compared with those without this allele (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.01–1.43). Stratification analysis showed that the increased risk associated with the SNPs was restricted in female subjects. Moreover, the rs2294008T and rs2976392A allele carriers were predisposed to developing poorly differentiated and high stage NCGC at diagnosis. However, no such association was detected for CGC. In addition, we observed considerably lower allelic and genotype frequencies of these genetic variants in Chinese population compared with Japanese and Korean populations. These findings are in general consistent with previous GWAS and suggest that PSCA may play a role in the development of NCGC in Chinese population. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deep brain stimulation effects on gait variability in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Gruendlinger Leor , Scollins Lisa , O'Herron Siobhan , Tarsy Daniel 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on fall risk in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) currently remain unclear. Although several gait parameters, such as gait speed, have shown improvement with DBS, some studies have reported an increased fall risk following DBS. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of bilateral DBS on gait variability, a marker of fall risk. The gait of 13 patients with idiopathic PD was analyzed to determine the influence of DBS, levodopa and both therapies together. Following treatment with both levodopa and STN DBS, subjects displayed improved gait speed, reduced gait variability (enhanced stability), and lower Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores. Although UPDRS scores improved with STN DBS alone, parallel improvements were not seen for gait variability. These findings suggest that different mechanisms may contribute to performance on UPDRS motor testing and gait stability in response to DBS. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
A parallel implicit/explicit hybrid time domain method for computational electromagnetics
Authors: Xie Z. Q. , Hassan O. , Morgan K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe numerical solution of Maxwell's curl equations in the time domain is achieved by combining an unstructured mesh finite element algorithm with a cartesian finite difference method. The practical problem area selected to illustrate the application of the approach is the simulation of three‐dimensional electromagnetic wave scattering. The scattering obstacle and the free space region immediately adjacent to it are discretized using an unstructured mesh of linear tetrahedral elements. The remainder of the computational domain is filled with a regular cartesian mesh. These two meshes are overlapped to create a hybrid mesh for the numerical solution. On the cartesian mesh, an explicit finite difference method is adopted and an implicit/explicit finite element formulation is employed on the unstructured mesh. This approach ensures that computational efficiency is maintained if, for any reason, the generated unstructured mesh contains elements of a size much smaller than that required for accurate wave propagation. A perfectly matched layer is added at the artificial far field boundary, created by the truncation of the physical domain prior to the numerical solution. The complete solution approach is parallelized, to enable large‐scale simulations to be effectively performed. Examples are included to demonstrate the numerical performance that can be achieved. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transient heat conduction in a medium with multiple circular cavities and inhomogeneities
Authors: Gordeliy Elizaveta , Mogilevskaya Sofia G. , Crouch Steven L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA two‐dimensional transient heat conduction problem of multiple interacting circular inhomogeneities, cavities and point sources is considered. In general, a non‐perfect contact at the matrix/inhomogeneity interfaces is assumed, with the heat flux through the interface proportional to the temperature jump. The approach is based on the use of the general solutions to the problems of a single cavity and an inhomogeneity and superposition. Application of the Laplace transform and the so‐called addition theorem results in an analytical transformed solution. The solution in the time domain is obtained by performing a numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and the efficiency of the method. The approximation error decreases exponentially with the number of the degrees of freedom in the problem. A comparison of the companion two‐ and three‐dimensional problems demonstrates the effect of the dimensionality. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Winning a new priority for disabled children: the Every Disabled Child Matters campaign
Authors: Broach Steve , Coleman Ben , Franklin Louise 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Over the past 4 years, the Every Disabled Child Matters campaign has secured almost £780 million in new funding for disabled children's services and has laid the foundation for addressing structural disadvantages for disabled children. Critical success factors for the campaign have included clear aims, a tight core strategy group, a leading political champion, widespread parliamentary support and effective mobilisation of disabled children and their families as campaigners. The campaign caught policymakers' attention at the right point to leverage significant support for a previously marginalised social group.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of electrospun metallic hybrid nanofibers via metallization
Authors: Wei Kai , Ohta Tomohiro , Kim Byoung‐Suhk , Kim Kwan‐Woo , Lee Keun‐Hyung , Khil Myung Seob , Kim Hak‐Yong , Kim Ick‐Soo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe metallized hybrid nanofiber webs were prepared by using a combined technology of electrostatic spinning and metallization. The electrospun polyurethane (PU) nanofibers were metallized with different thicknesses of copper layer via metal vapor deposition technique. The thickness of the copper layer, which ranges from 10 to 100 nm, was monitored and controlled. The resultant metallized hybrid nanofiber webs were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FE‐SEM images demonstrated that the nanoscaled copper layers are well deposited on the surface of the PU nanofibers. TGA result indicated that the thermal stability of the metallized hybrid PU nanofibers was dramatically enhanced due to the barrier effects of thin metallic copper layer. WAXD data confirmed that the crystalline copper layers were well deposited onto the PU nanofibers. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the metallized hybrid PU nanofiber webs were increased with increase in the thickness of deposited copper layer. Unlike the organic PU nanofiber webs, it was observed that the metallized hybrid PU nanofiber webs showed higher conductive properties depending on the thickness of the deposited copper layer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevention and treatment of cluster headache
Authors: Cohen Anna S , Goadsby Peter J 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCluster headache is an excruciatingly painful primary headache syndrome with rapid onset attacks that are relatively short, typically up to three hours. Management strategies involve avoidance of possible triggers to attacks, such as alcohol and naps, and pharmacological treatments aimed at either quickly aborting acute attacks, or preventive therapies to suppress the attacks entirely, or reduce their frequency, severity or duration. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Agomelatine: a new approach to depression
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn a Servier‐sponsored satellite meeting at the Latest Advances in Psychiatry Symposium in London in March, Professor Bill Deakin, Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit at the University of Manchester, reviewed a recent addition to the antidepressant armamentarium ‐ agomelatine ‐ a drug that that shows a unique pharmacological profile. Medical writer, Mark Greener, reports. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Reproducibility and validity of digital inclinometry for measuring cervical range of motion in normal subjects
Authors: Prushansky Tamara , Deryi Orly , Jabarreen Bahaa 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Measurements of cervical range of motion (CROM) have been extensively reported in the past decade employing simple (goniometers) as well as sophisticated (electro‐, magneto‐ and ultrasonography‐based) systems. The recent introduction of the simple, user‐friendly and relatively cheap digital inclinometer (DI) has opened a potentially new venue for measurement of this segment's motion. The purpose of the present study was to assess intra‐tester reproducibility of DI‐based findings as well as its validity in comparison to the ultrasonography‐based Zebris CMS 70P (Zebris Medizintechnik Gmbh™, Isny, Germany) for measuring CROM in normal subjects. Methods. Active CROM of healthy women (n = 15) and men (n = 15) aged 24.2(2.4) years was measured on two sessions, Test 1 and Test 2, spread over 7.2(±0.7) days apart. On Test 1, the six primary movements of the neck (flexion, F; extension, E; right and left lateral flexion, RLF and LLF; and right and left rotations, RR and LR) were measured using the DI and the Zebris. On Test 2, the same measurements were performed using the DI only. All measurements were conducted by the same tester, with the subject in the seated position. The only exception was DI measurement of cervical rotation that was performed in the supine position due to the DI gravity‐dependence, rendering DI measurements in the transverse plane irrelevant. Results. No significant differences were revealed between the two instruments with respect to the sagittal and frontal planes, whereas the DI‐based CROM in rotation was significantly greater then its Zebris‐based counterpart. The inter‐device interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the frontal were 0.72 (RLF) and 0.62 (LLF), and 0.77 (F) and 0.83 (E). Poor correlations were indicated for the rotations. The intra‐tester reproducibility derived from the test–retest DI measurement indicated good to excellent reproducibility in all planes with ICCs ranging from 0.82 (LLF) to 0.94 (E). The Standard Error of Measurement ranged from 1.6° (RR) to 2.6° (F). Conclusion. DI‐based CROM measurements are reproducible and valid for recording sagittal and frontal plane motions in healthy subjects. The higher range in rotations, relative to the Zebris‐based findings, is most probably attributable to the test position. Being relatively cheap, portable and convenient for tester and subject alike, the DI seems to be an effective instrument for assessing CROM. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grp94, the endoplasmic reticulum Hsp90, has a similar solution conformation to cytosolic Hsp90 in the absence of nucleotide
Authors: Krukenberg Kristin A. , Böttcher Ulrike M. K. , Southworth Daniel R. , Agard David A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe molecular chaperone, Hsp90, is an essential eukaryotic protein that assists in the maturation and activation of client proteins. Hsp90 function depends upon the binding and hydrolysis of ATP, which causes large conformational rearrangements in the chaperone. Hsp90 is highly conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes, and similar nucleotide‐dependent conformations have been demonstrated for the bacterial, yeast, and human proteins. There are, however, important species‐specific differences in the ability of nucleotide to shift the conformation from one state to another. Although the role of nucleotide in conformation has been well studied for the cytosolic yeast and human proteins, the conformations found in the absence of nucleotide are less well understood. In contrast to cytosolic Hsp90, crystal structures of the endoplasmic reticulum homolog, Grp94, show the same conformation in the presence of both ADP and AMPPNP. This conformation differs from the yeast AMPPNP‐bound crystal state, suggesting that Grp94 may have a different conformational cycle. In this study, we use small angle X‐ray scattering and rigid body modeling to study the nucleotide free states of cytosolic yeast and human Hsp90s, as well as mouse Grp94. We show that all three proteins adopt an extended, chair‐like conformation distinct from the extended conformation observed for the bacterial Hsp90. For Grp94, we also show that nucleotide causes a small shift toward the crystal state, although the extended state persists as the major population. These results provide the first evidence that Grp94 shares a conformational state with other Hsp90 homologs.
Structural characterization of α‐synuclein in an aggregation prone state
Authors: Cho Min‐Kyu , Nodet Gabrielle , Kim Hai‐Young , Jensen Malene R. , Bernado Pau , Fernandez Claudio O. , Becker Stefan , Blackledge Martin , Zweckstetter Markus 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe relation of α‐synuclein (αS) aggregation to Parkinson's disease has long been recognized, but the pathogenic species and its molecular properties have yet to be identified. To obtain insight into the properties of αS in an aggregation‐prone state, we studied the structural properties of αS at acidic pH using NMR spectroscopy and computation. NMR demonstrated that αS remains natively unfolded at lower pH, but secondary structure propensities were changed in proximity to acidic residues. The ensemble of conformations of αS at acidic pH is characterized by a rigidification and compaction of the Asp and Glu‐rich C‐terminal region, an increased probability for proximity between the NAC‐region and the C‐terminal region and a lower probability for interactions between the N‐ and C‐terminal regions.
Submicron resolution X‐ray diffraction from periodically patterned GaAs nanorods grown onto Ge[111]
Authors: Davydok Anton , Biermanns Andreas , Pietsch Ullrich , Grenzer Jörg , Paetzelt Hendrik , Gottschalch Volker , Bauer Jens 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe present high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction pattern of periodic GaAs nanorods (NRs) ensembles and individual GaAs NRs grown catalyst‐free throughout a pre‐patterned amorphous SiNx mask onto Ge[111]B surfaces by selective‐area MOVPE method. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report about nano‐structure X‐ray characterization growth on non‐polar substrate. The experiment has been performed at home laboratory and using synchrotron radiation using a micro‐sized beam prepared by compound refractive lenses. Due to the non‐polar character of the substrate the shapes of NRs appear not uniform and vary between deformed hexagonal and trigonal in symmetry. Because the average diameter of NRs equals the experimental resolution certain cuts through slightly inclined edges or corners of individual NRs with lateral size of about 225 nm could be selected using spatially resolved reciprocal space mapping.