bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Women's Movement and the Transformation of the Family Law in South Korea. Interactions Between Local, National and Global Structures
Authors: Nam Sanghui 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the revision of the family law and the abolition of the head-of-family system in South Korea in 2005. Although the 1948 constitution guaranteed gender equality and women's suffrage, the family law remained male-oriented and discriminatory. Fifty years of struggle for the revision of the family law show that the patrilineal familial hierarchy is not merely a product of 'outdated' values, but deeply rooted and continually practised in Korean society. The landmark reform of the family law will be analysed in connection with the local women's movement, national politics and international organisations. In the beginning, the women's movement was led by pioneer feminists who established local women's organisations and submitted petitions to national lawmakers. In the early 1970s, feminist groups began to continuously mobilise the grassroots. After the transition to democracy in the late 1980s, public approval for the abolition of the head-of-family system began to grow at the local level. At the same time, the government increasingly signed up to international treaties and adjusted to global norms. With expanding political opportunities locally and globally, the women's movement was able to increase the pressure on the national government. Finally, the National Assembly voted for the abolition of the head-of-family system.
Hegel, the Tiananmen Incident and Falun Gong
Authors: Lai Amy 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper explores Chinese people's pursuit of human rights through the Hegelian lenses of abstract rights and the master–slave dialectic. By juxtaposing the 1989 Tiananmen Incident and the Falun Gong movement, it illuminates how Chinese people's struggles for human rights have been informed by Confucianism and other Chinese philosophies, although they have also looked to the West for inspiration and endorsement. Moreover, Hegel's very own dialectic reassures us that Chinese people do not need to have an affirmative, conscious knowledge of 'rights' before they pursue them. While the student protests in 1989 were fuelled by a nationwide economic crisis, the Falun Gong movement was the result of an increasingly prosperous but spiritually blighted society. In both cases, the people, like slaves, struggled against their master, the Chinese government, for freedom and recognition so as to attain a full self-consciousness. Thus, this paper appropriates Hegelian concepts and his dialectical view of history to add to the existing criticisms of his Orientalist views, namely his belief that China is a stagnant nation and its people have no independent personality but only a servile consciousness.
Jesus and the Politics of Roman Palestine
Authors: Horsley Richard 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn ancient Roman Palestine, politics and religion were inseparable in the power-relations between the Galilean and Judean peasants and their Roman, Herodian, and high priestly rulers. In contrast to the overly simple previous dichotomy between revolt and quiescence as the principal political options for Jesus, it may be possible to discern a range of forms in popular political-religious resistance on the basis of comparative studies of peasant politics. In order to appreciate how people under domination such as Jesus and his Galilean followers may have maneuvered politically, it is necessary to develop a more complex relational and contextual approach to 'Jesus-in-movement'. Special attention to such historical realities as the fundamental social forms of peasant life and political-economic pressures on families and village communities can help us appreciate disguised forms of popular resistance that are rooted in the cultivation of popular tradition. Critical attention to the communicative forms of the Gospel sources as sustained narratives and speeches on matters of importance to struggling peasants—in contrast to the previously standard attempts to generate 'data' from text-fragments—can enable us to discern, in Gospel narratives and speeches, how Jesus catalyzed a movement of renewal of covenantal communities and resistance to the high priests, the Temple, and Roman tribute that took more subtle forms than revolt or acquiescence.
Inter-Religious Declarations of Human Rights: Grounding Rights or Constructing ‘Religion’?
Authors: Amesbury Richard 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article offers a critical analysis of four recent inter-religious declarations of human rights: (a) the 2008 Faith in Human Rights Statement; (b) the 1998 Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the World’s Religions; (c) the 1993 Declaration Toward a Global Ethic; and (d) the 1993 Universal Declaration of a Global Ethic. I argue that, although these declarations purport to provide human rights with religious support, they function in practice to define ‘religion’.
Religious Liberty and the Rawlsian Idea of Legitimacy: The French Laïcité Project between Comprehensive and Political Liberalisms
Authors: Daly Eoin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractKahn has argued that the French Laïcité project has degenerated, in some of its recent incarnations, into an illiberal public commitment to a ‘comprehensive’ doctrine of enlightened or emancipated autonomy. He suggests it can instead be conceived in a Rawlsian sense, a concept of right derived independently of ‘comprehensive’ conceptions of the good—thus, merely an institutional appendage to liberty of conscience, distinct from any deeper social goal. The attempt at separating out ‘political’ and ‘comprehensive’ secularisms is best viewed through the prism of the headscarved school-goer whom the liberal state deems unfree. Can such a state intervene to ensure the autonomy of its child-citizens with regard to comprehensive doctrines, or is this to impose a conception of the emancipated rational life, freely lived? Is this autonomy of conscience distinguishable from an idea of the good life, a merely ‘political’ guarantee of self-determination—or is this distinction even viable? The figure of the headscarved child-citizen ostensibly challenges the Rawlsian assumption that the state’s claim to neutrality between comprehensive doctrines can transcend or stand outside these doctrines, and represent anything other than an ends-oriented project of liberal emancipation. This arises because, on one view, the state must, in order to guarantee schoolchildren freedom to choose between ways of life, paradoxically first impose such a particular conception, of emancipation or rational autonomy. However, this article suggests that despite its ostensible allure, the dualism of ‘political’ and ‘comprehensive’ secularisms is not the best lens through which to critique the French Laïcité project.
Comment The 2006 Women Protection Act of Pakistan: An Analysis
Authors: Shah Niaz A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis note argues that the 1979 Hudood laws of Pakistan, especially the Zina Ordinance were discriminatory and led to the violations of rights of men and women, but women were the hardest hit victims. The new legislation in 2006 has remedied the situation and the state of human rights violations on the basis of Zina Ordinance has changed.
BBC Arabic TV: Participation and the Question of Public Diplomacy
Authors: Alshaer Atef , Hill Andrew 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article analyzes the launch in 2008 of the BBC's Arabic television channel. Drawing upon the work of Lacan, and in particular his conceptions of the discourses of the master and the hysteric, it examines how the channel has sought to position itself as providing a forum for audience participation and debate, and asks why the channel has sought to configure itself in these terms. Underpinning these questions stands the relationship of the BBC World Service (within which BBC Arabic is located), with the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. The article takes as its focus the channel's 'flagship' discussion program Point of Debate. This program is contrasted with both traditional news broadcasting and Al-Jazeera's pioneering discussion program 'The Opposite Direction.' The paper examines how 'Point of Debate' has sought to encourage a form of questioning and debate that accords with the Foreign and Commonwealth Office's public diplomacy objectives. It moves on to analyze the relationship between the intended appeal of the channel and the position it has sought to occupy in the crowded Arab news mediascape. The article concludes by assessing the challenges facing the channel as it attempts to achieve its aims.
Mapping Digital Diasporas @ BBC World Service: Users and Uses of the Persian and Arabic Websites
Authors: Gillespie Marie , Mackay Hugh , Andersson Matilda 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article presents research on two key BBC World Service websites, BBC Persian Online and BBC Arabic Online. It draws on in-house BBC data, supplemented by our own semi-structured interviews with online editors and other key World Service staff. It examines where users of the two sites are located, their demographic characteristics and their views on and uses of the sites. The data is analyzed in the context of debates about the politics of diasporic media and communication networks and changing collective identities, the UK government's Foreign and Commonwealth Office's (FCO) strategy of 'digital diplomacy' and the World Service's stated public purpose of fostering a 'global conversation.' Our research has shown how the majority of users of both BBC Arabic and Persian Online services reside outside the geographical areas that the BBC World Service targets and may be defined as diasporic. And these two websites are not exceptional. Diasporic groups make increasing use of the BBC's online foreign language news sites but these transnational communication networks are an unintended consequence of the BBC's activities. We highlight how the internet is changing configurations of audiences and users at the BBC World Service as geographically dispersed language groups can log on to the news services from anywhere in the world. We argue that the BBC World Service can no longer be seen as an international broadcaster pursuing the BBC's motto 'nation shall speak peace unto nation.' Rather, as one of the world's largest news providers, it is implicated in the formation of new kinds of transnational communities and communications which has as yet unforeseen consequences for national identifications and for strategies of public diplomacy.
Critical Conversations
Authors: Davis Hugh , Eddy Virginia A. , Finder Stuart , Fox Mark D. , Maldonado Lawrence , Osborne Molly , Riedinger Mary , Stone Susan C. , Hackner Dani 
Published: July 2010

Vignette Background: Sharon is a 56-year-old woman who has been complaining of bloating and discomfort for years. While descending steps from her hillside home, she recently fell and fractured her pelvis. A CT of the pelvis revealed a large ovarian mass with smaller masses in the peritoneum, and studies of the chest and upper abdomen revealed masses in the liver and lung. A recent biopsy confirmed poorly differentiated cells. She was diagnosed with metastatic ovarian carcinoma and managed conservatively for the pelvic fracture. Until last month Sharon ran a preschool, but she has been homebound for weeks. Presentation: Now, a month after the fracture, Sharon has developed increasing shortness of breath and has been admitted to the hospital with fever and pulmonary infiltrates bilaterally. She appears weak and delirious and has a raspy cough and signs on examination of extensive lung consolidation. She has lost a substantial amount of weight since last month. She is receiving high-flow oxygen 100% in the ICU, as well as antibiotics and vasopressors. At Sharon’s bedside is her 24-year-old daughter, who lives with her and works at the preschool. Her 30-year-old son, who has been working in South America, has not seen his mother in years. He arrives from the airport tonight. Sharon’s spouse Frank cannot be with her as he had been hospitalized only days earlier due to complications of Parkinson’s. Sharon has no written advance directive documented. The primary physician on the case, her oncologist, has requested the assistance of a pulmonologist and an orthopedist. The charge nurse asks the attending-of-record to consider involving the palliative care service, but the physician responds that “this is not the time.” A night shift nurse places a call to Clinical Ethics.
Prevalence and predictors of chronic health conditions after hematopoietic cell transplantation: a report from the Bone Marrow Transplant Survivor Study
Authors: Sun Can-Lan , Francisco Liton , Kawashima Toana , Leisenring Wendy , Robison Leslie L. , Baker K. Scott , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Forman Stephen J. , Bhatia Smita 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Long-term survival is now an expected outcome after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). However, the burden of morbidity long-term after HCT remains unknown. We examined the magnitude of risk of chronic health conditions reported by 1022 HCT survivors and their siblings (n = 309). A severity score (grades 1 [mild] through 4 [life-threatening]) was assigned to each health condition using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 3. Sixty-six percent of the HCT survivors reported at least one chronic condition; 18% reported severe/life-threatening conditions; comparable values in siblings were 39% and 8%, respectively (P < .001). The cumulative incidence of a chronic health condition among HCT survivors was 59% (95% confidence interval [CI], 56%-62%) at 10 years after HCT; for severe/life-threatening conditions or death from chronic health conditions, the 10-year cumulative incidence approached 35% (95% CI, 32%-39%). HCT survivors were twice as likely as siblings to develop a chronic condition (95% CI, 1.6-2.1), and 3.5 times to develop severe/life-threatening conditions (95% CI, 2.3-5.4). HCT survivors with chronic graft-versus-host disease were 4.7 times as likely to develop severe/life-threatening conditions (95% CI, 3.0-7.2). The burden of long-term morbidity borne by HCT survivors is substantial, and long-term follow-up of patients who received transplantation is recommended.
Molecular characterization of the PhoPQ-PmrD-PmrAB mediated pathway regulating polymyxin B resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43
Authors: Cheng Hsin-Yao , Chen Yi-Fong , Peng Hwei-Ling 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The cationic peptide antibiotic polymyxin has recently been reevaluated in the treatment of severe infections caused by gram negative bacteria.

Methods
In this study, the genetic determinants for capsular polysaccharide level and lipopolysaccharide modification involved in polymyxin B resistance of the opportunistic pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae were characterized. The expressional control of the genes responsible for the resistance was assessed by a LacZ reporter system. The PmrD connector-mediated regulation for the expression of pmr genes involved in polymyxin B resistance was also demonstrated by DNA EMSA, two-hybrid analysis and in vitro phosphor-transfer assay.

Results
Deletion of the rcsB, which encoded an activator for the production of capsular polysaccharide, had a minor effect on K. pneumoniae resistance to polymyxin B. On the other hand, deletion of ugd or pmrF gene resulted in a drastic reduction of the resistance. The polymyxin B resistance was shown to be regulated by the two-component response regulators PhoP and PmrA at low magnesium and high iron, respectively. Similar to the control identified in Salmonella, expression of pmrD in K. pneumoniae was dependent on PhoP, the activated PmrD would then bind to PmrA to prolong the phosphorylation state of the PmrA, and eventually turn on the expression of pmr for the resistance to polymyxin B.

Conclusions
The study reports a role of the capsular polysaccharide level and the pmr genes for K. pneumoniae resistance to polymyxin B. The PmrD connector-mediated pathway in governing the regulation of pmr expression was demonstrated. In comparison to the pmr regulation in Salmonella, PhoP in K. pneumoniae plays a major regulatory role in polymyxin B resistance.
Density estimation and adaptive bandwidths: A primer for public health practitioners
Authors: Carlos Heather A , Shi Xun , Sargent James , Tanski Susanne , Berke Ethan M 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Geographic information systems have advanced the ability to both visualize and analyze point data. While point-based maps can be aggregated to differing areal units and examined at varying resolutions, two problems arise 1) the modifiable areal unit problem and 2) any corresponding data must be available both at the scale of analysis and in the same geographic units. Kernel density estimation (KDE) produces a smooth, continuous surface where each location in the study area is assigned a density value irrespective of arbitrary administrative boundaries. We review KDE, and introduce the technique of utilizing an adaptive bandwidth to address the underlying heterogeneous population distributions common in public health research.

Results
The density of occurrences should not be interpreted without knowledge of the underlying population distribution. When the effect of the background population is successfully accounted for, differences in point patterns in similar population areas are more discernible; it is generally these variations that are of most interest. A static bandwidth KDE does not distinguish the spatial extents of interesting areas, nor does it expose patterns above and beyond those due to geographic variations in the density of the underlying population. An adaptive bandwidth method uses background population data to calculate a kernel of varying size for each individual case. This limits the influence of a single case to a small spatial extent where the population density is high as the bandwidth is small. If the primary concern is distance, a static bandwidth is preferable because it may be better to define the "neighborhood" or exposure risk based on distance. If the primary concern is differences in exposure across the population, a bandwidth adapting to the population is preferred.

Conclusions
Kernel density estimation is a useful way to consider exposure at any point within a spatial frame, irrespective of administrative boundaries. Utilization of an adaptive bandwidth may be particularly useful in comparing two similarly populated areas when studying health disparities or other issues comparing populations in public health.
Mucinous Adenocarcinomas with Intra-Abdominal Dissemination: A Review of Current Therapy
Authors: Winder Thomas , Lenz Heinz-Josef 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Peritoneal carcinomatosis has been considered a terminal disease with a median survival time of 5.2–12.6 months. Systemic chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery (CRS) have long been used to treat macroscopic disease, with limited success. However, a comprehensive treatment approach involving cytroreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has evolved into a novel approach for peritoneal carcinomatosis. Surgery removes the primary cancer and any dissemination within the peritoneal cavity and adjuvant HIPEC eradicates macroscopic or microscopic tumor residue, thus reducing the risk for recurrence. This approach offers a new potential treatment option for patients with metastatic disease confined to the peritoneum. The present review provides an update of the most recent data on the current therapy for pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) and mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MCA) with metastatic disease confined to the peritoneum.
R&D-Hindering Collusion
Authors: Bacchiega Emanuele , Lambertini Luca , Mantovani Andrea 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In an extended version of d'Aspremont and Jacquemin's (1988) R&D competition model, we identify a region where the game is a prisoner's dilemma in that region firms' optimal strategy still prescribes to invest in R&D. However, they would obtain a higher profit by not investing at all. A standard Folk Theorem argument suggests that firms implicitly tend to collude and refrain from investing in R&D when their interaction is repeated. When this happens, social welfare shrinks, but we argue that promoting joint research constitutes a remedy to the lack of innovation efforts, rather than the excess thereof.
Effect of reimbursement changes on erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent utilization and transfusions
Authors: Hess Gregory , Nordyke Robert J. , Hill Jerrold , Hulnick Scott 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCancer patients frequently develop chemotherapy‐induced anemia, which can be treated with erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents. These agents have shifted the standard of chemotherapy‐induced anemia treatment away from the previous mainstay of red blood cell transfusions. In July 2007, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services issued a National Coverage Decision restricting reimbursement for erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents to those chemotherapy patients who have hemoglobin levels <10 g/dL at initiation of therapy. This decision was hypothesized to place a greater reliance on transfusions for chemotherapy‐induced anemia treatment. This observational study examined transfusions and erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent utilization rates within defined episodes of chemotherapy care using electronic medical records from seven practices consisting of 39 sites of care across seven states. We compared the frequency of myelosuppressive chemotherapy treatment, erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent administrations, and red blood cell transfusions before and after the National Coverage Decision in oncology patients with chemotherapy‐induced anemia. Although exposure to myelosuppressive chemotherapy was not different, erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent administrations significantly decreased and blood transfusions significantly increased after implementation of the National Coverage Decision. The 31% increase in transfusions for patients aged 65 years and older was significant (P = 0.007) and higher than the 8% increase for patients younger than 65 years (P = 0.358). Changes in practice patterns for chemotherapy‐induced anemia treatment that followed the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services reimbursement decision for erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents seem to be impacting practice patterns. Further research is necessary to determine whether these changes represent a widespread and durable shift in patient treatment. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.