bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF CHANGING MARKETS AND COMPETITION ON THE NPD SPEED/MARKET SUCCESS RELATIONSHIP
Authors: MILLSON MURRAY R. , WILEMON DAVID 
Published: December 2010

Our research examines the relationships among four factors thought to be important to new product developing organizations. Those factors include the speed with which product developers produce new products and bring them to market; the degree of integration among the various groups participating in the New Product Development (NPD) process; the proficiency with which the product developers perform their tasks; and the degree of success attained upon the completion of the NPD process. Market dynamism, or the degree of customer changeability, and market hostility, or the degree of market competitiveness, are thought to moderate the relationships among the four previously noted factors. The research questions driving our investigation include: (1) Does NPD project success vary with NPD process speed?; (2) Does NPD speed vary across innovation types (new-to-the-world products, line extensions, etc.)?; (3) Does the strength of the relationships among NPD speed, organizational integration, NPD proficiency (overall and Fuzzy Front End [FFE]), and success vary with the degree of environmental dynamism (changing customer needs)?; and (4) Does the strength of the relationships among NPD speed, organizational integration, NPD proficiency (overall and FFE), and success vary with the degree of market hostility (competition)? We probed the electrical equipment, medical device, and heavy construction equipment industries to provide the data to address our research questions. Our research suggests that the speed with which projects were completed in our sample did not vary between projects that were more or less successful. We also found that the speed with which projects were completed did not vary across various product categories (new-to-the-world, line extensions, etc.) of newly developed products for the industries studied. Primarily, we found that market dynamism moderates the relationship between NPD speed and NPD proficiency whereas environmental hostility mediates NPD speed and NPD proficiency, NPD speed and organizational integration, and NPD speed and new product market success. Our data indicate that speed is not associated with NPD proficiency, degree of organizational integration, and new product success in less dynamic markets whereas speed has an inverse relationship with successfully entering new markets, the proficiency with which development and launch activities are performed, and the proficiency with which new product marketing strategies were implemented in more dynamic markets. Finally, we found that speed is inversely related to successfully entering new markets, overall NPD proficiency and organizational integration, predevelopment stage proficiency and organizational integration, and development and launch proficiency and organizational integration in non-hostile (competitive) environments whereas we found no significant relationships between these factors and speed in hostile environments. We provide several implications for both scholars and NPD managers.
Abstract A100: Alcohol promotes breast cancer cell invasion by regulating the Nm23-ITGA5 pathway
Authors: Nunez Nomeli P. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Introduction: Alcohol consumption increases breast cancer risk in women. Additionally, alcohol increases the metastatic ability of cancer cells. Metastasis suppressor genes encode proteins that have the ability to slow down or prevent the invasiveness of cancer cells, thus inhibiting the establishment of metastases. We analyzed the expression level of metastasis suppressor genes to determine the mechanisms by which alcohol increases the invasive ability of breast cancer cells.
Methods: The invasiveness, or metastatic ability, of breast cancer cells was determined by the Boyden assay. To determine if alcohol increases invasion of breast cancer cells via the metastasis suppressor gene Nm23, we over-expressed or down-regulated Nm23 using siRNA-mediated knockdown; subsequently, we determined the effects of alcohol on the invasiveness of these cancer cells.
Results: Results show that alcohol increased breast cancer cell invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Alcohol significantly decreased the expression of Nm23. Overexpression of Nm23 in breast cancer cells suppressed the effects of alcohol on the invasive ability of the cancer cells. Also, exposure of cancer cells to alcohol led to an increase in the expression level of the fibronectin receptor subunit ITGA5, and overexpression of Nm23 blocked the effects of alcohol. Further, the invasiveness of the breast cancer cells was inhibited when ITGA5 was knocked down by siRNA, and alcohol was unable to increase the invasiveness of the cancer cells when ITGA5 was knocked down.
Conclusions: Results suggest that alcohol increases the invasive ability of breast cancer cells by down-regulating the metastatic suppressor Nm23 gene, which leads to increased expression of ITGA5. Consequently, up-regulated ITGA5 may increase the invasive ability of the cancer cells.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A100.
Abstract A101: A novel resource to accelerate research into the cause and prevention of breast cancer: The Love/Avon Army of Women
Authors: Love Susan M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: It is well established that there is a need for more research into the cause and prevention of breast cancer. While many studies are done in cell lines and laboratory animals, translation of findings to a diverse population of women often falters due to perceived difficulty in recruiting diverse women for research. The Dr. Susan Love Research Foundation received a grant from the Avon Foundation to form the Love/Avon Army of Women (AOW); an online recruitment resource designed to partner a diverse group of women with the research community in an effort to accelerate breast cancer research.
Methods: The AOW was launched in 2008 with the goal of recruiting one million diverse women interested in participating in breast cancer research. Researchers submit research proposals to be reviewed by the AOW Scientific Advisory Committee, comprised of nominees from AACR and NBCC. If a study is accepted, a mass e-mail describing the study procedures and inclusion/exclusion criteria is sent to the entire AOW database. Women sign up on-line at www.armyofwomen.org to join the AOW. Women aren't committing to participating in a particular study, but agree to receive AOW e-mails about breast cancer research studies. If the individual is interested and qualifies for a study, she undergoes a secondary on-line screening and then her contact information is passed on to the principal investigator.
Results: As of July 2010, over 335,000 women have signed up. Almost 10% of the membership is racial/ethnic minorities, including African American, Hispanic/Latina, Asian, and Native American. African Americans and Latinas have the highest representation, with more than 10,500 members of each ethnicity. Membership includes survivors and those who have not been diagnosed with breast cancer, ranging from ages 18 to 100, representing all 50 US states and 47 countries. To date, the AOW has recruited for 31 studies. The diversity of the AOW members has proved beneficial for many studies, such as those needing to enroll Latina women, African American women, and women of varying sexual orientations. These studies are important steps in addressing the distinct needs of racial/ethnic minorities and the medically underserved. Many studies were closed to enrollment within the first 48 hours after accruing all subjects while others were very quickly over-enrolled by 5-10%. This overwhelming response has led many researchers to seek additional funding to increase their statistical significance and accommodate all eligible subjects.
Conclusions: The Love/Avon Army of Women is a novel resource for scientists to accelerate accrual, expand the number and diversity of their subject population and to obtain exactly the type of specimens they need when they need it. This new partnership between women and scientists can revolutionize research and accelerate efforts to eradicate breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A101.
Abstract A103: Breast cancer molecular subtype analysis in Egypt reveals high prevalence of Luminal A: Implications for improving prognosis
Authors: Salhia Bodour , Ishak Elia Anis , Gaber Salwa , Berghuis Bree , Hussain Khateeb H. , DuQuette Rachelle A. , Resau James , Tapia Coya , Carpten John 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The World Health Organization has ranked breast cancer as the most common type of cancer among women world-wide. Breast cancer represents 37% of cancer cases in Egypt, and although incidence in Egypt remains lower than in highly developed countries, incidence rates are steadily increasing. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease composed of a number of recognizable subtypes. These intrinsic tumor subtypes, based on molecular gene expression profiles, reflect underlying biological behavior of tumors. The distribution of molecular subtypes in women of North African descent is currently unknown. Although parity is a contributing factor to the breast cancer dilemma in Egypt, understanding the underlying and unique molecular genetic factors is critical for tackling this disease in Egypt. Accordingly, our study examined the prevalence of breast cancer subtypes in Egypt in specimens obtained from medical centers in Cairo and Minya. We classified tumors according to an accepted IHC panel of surrogate markers for intrinsic subtype. Our study results demonstrated that in spite of younger age, larger tumor size, high tumor grade and high percentage of node positive cases, the Luminal A subtype was found in over 55% of cases examined. There was a surprisingly low prevalence of the basal-like subtype which was found in less than 10% of cases. Luminal B, HER2+/ER-and non-basal triple negative tumors also each constituted less than 15% of cases examined. Thus, although Egyptians with breast cancer have more aggressive disease at diagnosis and dismal survival rates, they appear to have favorable underlying biology. We feel this study will help raise awareness of the breast cancer problem in Egypt and aid the clinician in making better treatment and prognostic decisions based on a set of already known prognostic and therapeutic markers.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A103.
Abstract A107: Esophageal and stomach cancer trends by race, gender, subsite, and histology
Authors: Cox Derrick D. , DeSantis Carol , Fedewa Stacey , Jemal Ahmedin , Blaser Martin , Ward Elizabeth 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: Esophageal, gastric and gastroesophageal (GE) junction carcinomas have clearly had different trends of incidence over the the past two decades in the world, especially in the United States. What is more alarming is the histological type of subsite cancer appears to be changing and may also differ according to ethnicity and gender as well. The authors examined incidence patterns among Caucasians (C), African Americans (AA) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (API).
Methods: We used data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute. SEER 9 data was used to identify all patients who were diagnosed with esophageal, stomach and GE junction carcinomas between 1975 and 2006. Age-adjusted rates and age specific rates were computed by anatomic subsite, histology, race, and gender. Incidence trend patterns were analyzed accordingly.
Results: Major differences were seen for the distribution of esophageal cancer based on subsite, histology and ethnicity. White males had the predominant histology adenocarcinoma in the distal esophagus (83.9%) compared to AA having squamous cell carcinoma (63.8%) and API having similar distribution of both adenocarcinoma (43.6%) and squamous (48%). This trend was not seen in white females. In Caucasian men, adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus is now outnumbering adenocarcinoma of the stomach. This trend is not seen in any other ethnic and/or gender group. For stomach cancer, white males had more proximal tumors compared to black males. Black males were diagnosed with distal tumors compared to white males.
Conclusions: There are large differences in incidence trends according to ethnicity, gender, anatomic subsite and histology. The variation in cancer incidence patterns by race does not seem to be completely explained or accounted for by differences in known risk factors.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A107.
Abstract A11: Development and validation of a scale to measure patient perceived similarity to their navigator.
Authors: Sanders Mechelle R. , Fiscella Kevin , Winters Paul C. , Salamone Charcy M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: The patient-physician relationship is strengthened when patients see themselves as similar to their physicians in personal beliefs, values, and communication. However, it is unclear whether or not this finding extends to the relationship between a patient and an allied health worker such as a navigator.
Objective: To develop and validate a brief scale that measures the extent to which patients feel they are similar to their navigator.
Methods: The Perceived Navigator Similarity (PN-S) questionnaire was adapted from the Perceived Similarities Measure (by Street, RL et al, 2008). The PN-S was developed to assess how patients perceived personal, cultural, ethnic, racial, religious, and social group similarity to their navigator. The scale was administered to 42 cancer patients assigned to the navigation arm of a randomized controlled trial. Each of the patients had the opportunity to work with their navigator (at varying intensities based on patient needs and/or preference) at some point during the first six months of their breast or colorectal cancer treatment. During their final assessment of the study, each patient was asked to complete two assessments about their relationship with their navigator in particular: Satisfaction Interpersonal Relationship with Navigator (SN-I)-and Perceived Navigator Similarity (PN-S); as well as an assessment of their Satisfaction with Care (SC) during their cancer treatment. We assessed convergent validity by examining the correlation between PN-S and SN-Iand SC. We assessed divergent validity by examining the correlation between PN-S and age, gender, education and REALM score.
Results: A principal component analyses from the PN-S questionnaire revealed two main factors: one relating to sociocultural identity/ethnic similarity (spiritual, beliefs, ethnic backgrounds, free time, race, culture, skin color) and another related to communication (speak, reason, communicate). These factors were confirmed on scale rotation. The scale showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach coefficient alpha = 0.83). As hypothesized, there proved to be a statistically significant correlation between the PN-S and the 9-item Interpersonal SN-I (p=.47), as well as with the SC (p=.36). There was no statistically significant correlation between PN-S and gender, age, REALM-short form, or education.
Conclusion: The PN-S appears to be a psychometrically sound tool to measure perceived patient similarity with their navigator. Further study is needed to confirm these findings and determine whether perceived similarity is associated with improved outcomes.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A11.
Abstract A110: Factors affecting cervical cancer survival for patients referred to a tertiary care center in Kentucky
Authors: Tarrant Rebecca L. , DeSimone Christopher P. , Baldwin Lauren A. , Pachtman Sarah , Podzielinski Iwona , Branscum Adam J. , Vanderpool Robin C. , Feddock Johnathan M. , Randall Marcus E. , Fleming Steven T. , Seamon Leigh G. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this research was to identify prognostic factors influencing cervical cancer recurrence and survival in Kentucky.
Methods: A cohort study was performed to assess predictive survival factors of cervical cancer patients referred to the University of Kentucky using the University of Kentucky database and the Kentucky Cancer Registry from January 2001 to May 2010. Eligibility criteria include those at least 18 years old, a history of cervical cancer, and no prior history of malignancy. Descriptive statistics were compiled for age, race, insurance status, tobacco use, Appalachian or non-Appalachian residence using the Appalachian Regional Commission classification of county, co-morbid risk factors, BMI, and pathologic characteristics. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis were performed to assess associations with cervical cancer recurrence and overall survival.
Results: 380 patients met entry criteria. 91 % were Caucasian (N=346), 43% were uninsured (N=163), and 64% (N=242) lived in Appalachia. While 48% (N=184) of the population had no co-morbid risk factors, 41 % (N=156) had one or two risk factors. The following covariates were not associated with recurrence free or overall survival: race, BMI, Appalachian residence, insurance status, months between last normal cervical cytology and diagnosis, histology (squamous cell carcinoma vs. adenocarcinoma vs. other), and tumor grade. The univariable analysis revealed age [HR1.02 (95%CI 1.01,1.04)], having more than two co-morbid risk factors [HR 2.8 (95%CI 1.1, 7.2)], and diagnosis in disease stages II, III, and IV [HR 5.0 (95% 2.3,10.9); 11.0 (5.2,23.1); 43.7 (19.0,100.3)] were associated with a worse recurrence-free survival while age [HR 1.03 (95%CI 1.02,1.04)], having more than two co-morbid risk factors [HR 3.7 (95%CI 1.8, 7.9)], smoking status [HR 1.4 (95%CI 1.0,2.5)], and diagnosis in disease stages II, III, and IV [HR 4.0 (95%CI 2.2, 7.1); 7.3 (95%CI 4.1,12.9); 32.7 (16.8,63.8)] all significantly decreased overall survival. After controlling for all significant variables, Stage IV disease was a significant predictor of progression-free survival [HR 3.6 (95%CI 2.0,6.4)] while stages II, III, and IV [HR 3.0 (95%CI 1.6,5.7); 6.0 (95%CI 3.3,11.0); 38.9 (95%CI 18.0,84.0)] and having more than two co-morbid risk factors [HR 2.3 (95%CI 1.0,5.2)] remained significant adverse predictors for overall survival.
Conclusions: Co-morbid risk factors and stage influence cervical cancer survival. Future cervical carcinoma research should consider medical co-morbidities as an important factor impacting survival.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A110.
Abstract A15: Increasing participation in therapeutic clinical trials among African Americans with cancer
Authors: Banda Deliya R. , Swain Sandra M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: A study of patients enrolled in NCI-sponsored cooperative group nonsurgical treatment trials for breast, lung, colorectal, or prostate cancers reported an enrollment rate of only 1.8% among Caucasian patients. The comparable rate for African Americans was even lower at 1.3%. Recent statistics confirm markedly higher cancer-specific mortality rates for African Americans than members of other racial/ethnic groups. The recognition of cultural beliefs and attitudes towards clinical trials has been acknowledged as critical to ameliorating disparities in cancer outcomes. Our study thus focuses on the need to develop patient-level interventions to increase the representation of African Americans in cancer clinical trials. To date there have been qualitative studies to determine the nature of attitudes preventing participation but to our knowledge no actual intervention in the African American population.
Aims and Focus: With active community involvement, we have developed a 15-minute narrative-based video for African American men and women with cancer. Using positive messaging the video addresses six cultural and attitudinal barriers to African American participation that have been documented in literature. We aim to assess whether African American patients are more likely to participate in trials after viewing the video and evaluate whether attitudes on the six trial barriers are impacted. We will also determine if the trial enrollment rate is higher than the national average after viewing the video.
Methods: We are in the process of enrolling 114 African American patients at Washington Cancer Institute (WCI), a large urban cancer institute serving a predominantly African American patient population. We will use a mixed-methods approach including a pre-post test analysis with a survey instrument developed specifically to assess attitudes on the six study barriers. Semistructured interviews for participants consenting to follow-up will also be conducted and analyzed to provide additional context to inform our findings.
Research Implications: This study has a potential national impact as it addresses the sociodemographic context and culturally rooted beliefs and preferences that may further hinder African American enrollment on therapeutic trials. The study and its products should have particular benefit for National Cancer Institute (NCI) cooperative groups as well as utility in community-based settings. The video we have developed will be an important tool to stimulate dialogue in African American community settings.
Acknowledgement of Funding: National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities: 1RC1MD004185-01.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A15.