bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Retrievable Directional Casing While Drilling (DCwD) Application in Peruvian Fields Generates Time Reduction and Improves Drilling Performance Preventing Potential Non-Planned Downtime
Authors: Beaumont E. , de Crevoisier L. , Baquero F. , Sanguino J. , Herrera D. , Cordero E. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Drilling Operations in Peruvian Jungle requires a complex logistical preparation similar to an offshore project. This high logistic cost that is necessary to drill in this area means a big investment and strongly impacts the daily drilling cost. To minimize potential non productive time (NPT), potential problems that were identified in offset wells (borehole instability, gumbo shales, stuck pipe, etc.), and to improve the drilling performance, Perenco Peru Limited decided to use Directional Casing while Drilling (DCwD) technology in their Block 67 campaign wells. Two wells (Piraña-4D and Dorado-2D) were drilled with this technology obtaining success and achieving the operator's targets.
The objectives for the Casing Drilling operations on the Block 67 wells were:
Prove feasibility of both vertical and directional casing drilling technologies Save time upon the whole section by simultaneously Drilling and casing-off problematic formations Demonstrate efficiency of the technology to reduce risks associated with conventional drilling that could easily result in losing the well and further unplanned sidetracks Prove adaptability of the technology to different well conditions (mainly variance on well trajectory) Evaluate the economical viability of the technique (cost & time savings)
This paper describes these experiences in terms of planning, preparation, execution and evaluation of results including the lessons learnt generated during the process.
Traditional Material-Balance Analysis from a Stochastic Point of View: Predicting Reservoir Performance
Authors: Galecio R. A. , Huerta V. A. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
We see traditional material balance calculations as an old technique when we face the challenging issue of forecasting reservoir performance, numerical simulation is by far the selected method used by reservoir engineers; but, what happen in an early development phase of an oilfield, when we have scarcely data and a high degree of uncertainty associated?. The aim of this work is to show that methods based on MBE can be successfully integrated with Monte Carlo technique in order to predict reservoir performance under these circumstances.
We have selected two methodologies; the first one was proposed by Tarner, designed to predict the Cumulative Oil production as a function of the average reservoir pressure (reservoir depletion). Tarner uses simultaneously the MBE and the GOR definition to estimate the value of the Cumulative Gas Production, through the convergence of both values. The second method was proposed by Tracy, in which a trial and error procedure is followed to converge to the instantaneous Gas Oil Rate, which in turns, allows us to estimate the incremental cumulative oil production. Special attention was given to the ratio of relative permeability, because both methods are quite sensitive to it, and usually this ratio is calculated by correlations (in absence of special core analysis). Flow rate forecasts were calculated using Vogel approach and regarding decline rates of local oilfields.
A macro in excel was plugged into a commercial risk analysis software in order to combine the material balance approach with Monte Carlo simulation, so as to address simultaneously to reservoir properties uncertainty and limited production records, instead of getting on with complex numerical simulation models. A small mature area in Talara Basin producing from Mogollón formation was successfully tested with this integrated tool; in contrast to the conventional decline curve forecasts, a sound set of analytical predictions weighed by certainty were prepared, which is indeed more reliable for a decision-making process.
Optimization of Inflow Control Device Placement and Mechanical Conformance Decisions Using a New Coupled Well-Intervention Simulator
Authors: Thornton K. , Soliman M. Y. , Jorquera R. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
To optimize production from long horizontal wells, the completion design engineer must consider reservoir heterogeneity so that water breakthrough can be avoided. Reservoir heterogeneity becomes even more critical when combined with the presence of a strong aquifer, and one of the methods commonly used to control this condition has been to have uniform water movement towards the horizontal well. Traditionally, inflow control devices (ICDs) have been used in horizontal wells to achieve this goal. However, design of the ICDs to achieve optimum productivity from the horizontal well can only be achieved by properly linking the ICD design to reservoir characteristics. Unfortunately, operators and service companies have often applied ICDs without adequate methods to verify completion efficiency over time, since available tools to quantify reservoir complexities and their effects over time have not been readily available.
In this paper, a methodology and a numerical simulation approach that are designed to improve the success ratio of mechanical conformance treatments is presented. This approach combines a comprehensive solution for determining ICD effects on the wellbore behavior with a reservoir numerical simulator. The methodology considers the following:
Placement techniques Annular flow control ICD flow size, rate, and number of ICDs Reservoir fluid properties Reservoir permeability distribution effects Fluid-property changes including prediction of water and gas breakthrough over time.
A numerical simulator that couples the wellbore and reservoir characteristics provides an efficient means for developing a method to optimize ICD design and initialization. Simulated examples are given for basic conformance phenomena such as coning and channeling. Two field cases will be presented that demonstrate the application of this method and how it designed an optimum ICD completion solution.
This method reduced risks associated with ICD design and optimized the system designs through more accurately predicting water and hydrocarbon production.
Controlled retrospective study of the effects of eyedrops containing phenylephrine hydrochloride and scopolamine hydrobromide on mean arterial blood pressure in anesthetized dogs
Authors: Martin-Flores Manuel , Mercure-McKenzie Tara M. , Campoy Luis , Erb Hollis N. , Ludders John W. , Gleed Robin D. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether dogs that received eyedrops containing phenylephrine and scopolamine would have a higher mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) when anesthetized than would dogs that did not receive the eyedrops.
Animals—37 nondiabetic and 29 diabetic dogs anesthetized for phacoemulsification and 15 nondiabetic dogs anesthetized for corneal ulcer repair (control dogs).
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed to identify study dogs. Dogs undergoing phacoemulsification received 2 types of eyedrops (10% phenylephrine hydrochloride and 0.3% scopolamine hydrobromide) 4 times during a 2-hour period prior to the procedure. Control dogs did not receive these eyedrops. Heart rate and MAP were measured before surgery in all dogs 10 and 5 minutes before, at the time of (t0), and 5 (t5) and 10 (t10) minutes after atracurium administration.
Results—MAP was greater in the 2 groups that received the eyedrops than in the control group at t0 and t5; at t10, it was greater only for the nondiabetic dogs that received eyedrops. Nine nondiabetic dogs and 1 diabetic dog anesthetized for phacoemulsification had at least 1 MAP value > 131 mm Hg; 73% of MAP values > 131 mm Hg were detected within 10 minutes after atracurium administration. At no time did a control dog have an MAP value > 131 mm Hg.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Anesthetized dogs pretreated with eyedrops containing phenylephrine and scopolamine had higher MAP values than dogs that did not receive the eyedrops, suggesting the drops caused hypertension. Atracurium may interact with the eyedrops and contribute to the hypertension.
Effects of partial immersion in water on vertical ground reaction forces and weight distribution in dogs
Authors: Levine David , Marcellin-Little Denis J. , Millis Darryl L. , Tragauer Verena , Osborne Jason A. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Objective—To assess the impact of partial immersion in water on vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and vGRF distribution in dogs.
Animals—10 healthy adult dogs.
Procedures—Weight placed on each limb of each dog was measured 3 times (1 scale/limb). Dogs were then immersed in water to the level of the tarsal, stifle, and hip joints, and vGRFs were measured. Coefficients of variation for triplicate measurements were calculated. Mixed-effects ANOVAs were used to compare the vGRF for thoracic versus pelvic limbs and the vGRF at various immersion levels as well as the vGRF distributions among limbs at various immersion levels.
Results—Mean ± SD vGRF before immersion was 249 ± 34 N. It was significantly decreased by 9% after immersion to the tarsal joints (227 ± 32 N), by 15% after immersion to the stifle joints (212 ± 21 N), and by 62% after immersion to the hip joints (96 ± 20 N). The vGRFs were significantly higher for the thoracic limbs than for the pelvic limbs before immersion and at all immersion levels. Dogs placed 64% of their weight on the thoracic limbs before immersion. That ratio did not differ significantly after immersion to the tarsus (64%) or stifle (63%) joints, but was significantly larger after immersion to the hip joints (71%).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—vGRF decreased as the depth of immersion increased. The thoracic limb-to-pelvic limb vGRF ratio was unchanged in dogs after immersion to the tarsal or stifle joints, but it increased after immersion to the hip joints.
Expression and function of 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptors in smooth muscle preparations from the duodenum, ileum, and pelvic flexure of horses without gastrointestinal tract disease
Authors: Prause Andrea S. , Guionaud Christophe T. , Stoffel Michael H. , Portier Christopher J. , Mevissen Meike 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the expression of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 (5-HT4) receptor subtype and investigate the modulating function of those receptors on contractility in intestinal tissues obtained from horses without gastrointestinal tract disease.
Sample Population—Smooth muscle preparations from the duodenum, ileum, and pelvic flexure collected immediately after slaughter of 24 horses with no history or signs of gastrointestinal tract disease.
Procedures—In isometric organ baths, the contractile activities of smooth muscle preparations in response to 5-hydroxytryptamine and electric field stimulation were assessed; the effect of tegaserod alone or in combination with 5-hydroxytryptamine on contractility of intestinal specimens was also investigated. Presence and distribution of 5-HT4 receptors in intestinal tissues and localization on interstitial cells of Cajal were examined by use of an immunofluorescence technique.
Results—Widespread 5-HT4 receptor immunoreactivity was observed in all intestinal smooth muscle layers; 5-HT4 receptors were absent from the myenteric plexus and interstitial cells of Cajal. In electrical field–stimulated tissue preparations of duodenum and pelvic flexure, tegaserod increased the amplitude of smooth muscle contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. Preincubation with tegaserod significantly decreased the basal tone of the 5-HT–evoked contractility in small intestine specimens, compared with the effect of 5-HT alone, thereby confirming that tegaserod was acting as a partial agonist.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses, 5-HT4 receptors on smooth muscle cells appear to be involved in the contractile response of the intestinal tract to 5-hydroxytryptamine. Results suggest that tegaserod may be useful for treatment of reduced gastrointestinal tract motility in horses.
Leishmaniasis in a dog native to Colorado
Authors: Freeman Kate S. , Miller Matthew D. , Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Lappin Michael R. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Case Description—A 1-year-old 32.5-kg (71.5-lb) sexually intact male foxhound-Treeing Walker Coonhound cross was evaluated because of a 2.5-month history of dermatologic lesions, weight loss, and diarrhea.
Clinical Findings—Physical examination revealed muscle wasting, lymphadenopathy, and multifocal pruritic dermatologic lesions of alopecia, thickening, erythema, and follicular casting. Hematologic and serum biochemical analyses revealed nonregenerative anemia, mono-cytosis, hypercalcemia, hyperproteinemia, and hyperglobulinemia. Proteinuria was identified on urinalysis. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and diffuse abdominal lymphadenomegaly were detected on abdominal ultrasonography. A diagnosis of leishmaniasis was confirmed by ELISA detection of serum antibodies against Leishmania spp, a high serum indirect fluorescent antibody titer (1:1,024) against Leishmania infantum, amplification of Leishmania DNA on PCR assay of a whole blood sample and a lymph node aspirate, and histologic identification of suspected Leishmania amastigotes in skin specimens. In addition, the dog had a low CD4+:CD8+ lymphocyte ratio of 1:1.
Treatment and Outcome—The dog was euthanized because of the severity of leishmaniasis and poor prognosis. This dog was from a litter of 10 puppies that included 4 stillborn puppies, 2 puppies that died as neonates, and 1 littermate that was euthanized at 1 year of age because of a high serum antibody titer against Leishmania spp. Eventually the foxhound dam was euthanized because of a high serum antibody titer against Leishmania spp. The dog had been raised with an unaffected littermate, its sire, and an unrelated Treeing Walker Coonhound female that were seronegative for Leishmania infection.
Clinical Relevance—Although vertical disease transmission was suspected, it is possible that L infantum is now endemic in Colorado. Leishmaniasis should be considered in dogs with scaly dermatoses.
Osteoid osteoma of the first 2 cervical vertebrae
Authors: Amirjamshidi Abbas , Roozbeh Hadi , Sharifi Give , Abdoli Ali , Abbassioun Kazem 
Published: December 2010

Osteoid osteoma affects the spine in only 10% of cases. More than 50% of the spinal cases involve the lumbar and cervical vertebrae. Involvement of C-1 and C-2 vertebrae has previously been reported only very rarely in the published literature. The authors report 4 cases of upper cervical osteoid osteoma, 1 involving C-1 and the other 3 C-2, and they discuss different aspects of management in similar cases. The patients were 14, 17, 35, and 46 years old, and all presented with neck pain and various degrees of painful limitation of head rotation not ameliorated by ordinary analgesics. Radionuclide isotope bone scans, CT scanning, and MR imaging were helpful preoperative diagnostic modalities. The first attempt at eradication of the lesions failed in 2 cases and the lesions could be excised totally at a second approach. Postoperatively, the patients all became pain free and gained full range of neck motion. There has been no tumor recurrence and no sign of instability in short- to medium-term follow-up.
Among the several etiologies mentioned for neck pain and torticollis, osteoid osteoma of the first 2 cervical vertebrae should be considered as a possible but rare cause. Even though different kinds of management have been mentioned for osteoid osteoma, resection of the lesion remains the best option for achieving a cure.
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of adjacent segments after cervical disc arthroplasty: magnet strength and its effect on image quality
Authors: Antosh Ivan J. , DeVine John G. , Carpenter Clyde T. , Woebkenberg Brian J. , Yoest Stephen M. 
Published: December 2010

Object
Disc arthroplasty is an alternative to fusion following anterior discectomy when treating either cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy. Its theoretical benefits include preservation of the motion segment and the potential prevention of adjacent-segment degeneration. There is a paucity of data regarding the ability to use MR imaging to evaluate the adjacent segments. The purpose of this study was for the authors to introduce open MR imaging as an alternative method in imaging adjacent segments following cervical disc arthroplasty using a Co-Cr implant and to report their preliminary results using this technique.

Methods
Postoperative cervical MR images were obtained in the first 16 patients in whom the porous coated motion (PCM-V) cervical arthroplasty system was used to treat a single level between C-3 and C-7. Imaging was performed in all 16 patients with a closed 1.5-T unit, and in the final 6 patients it was also performed with an open 0.2-T unit. All images were evaluated by an independent radiologist observer for the ability to visualize the superior endplate, disc space, and inferior endplate at the superior and inferior adjacent levels.

Results
Utilizing the 1.5-T magnet to assess the superior adjacent level, the superior endplate, disc space, and inferior endplate could each be visualized less than 50% of the time on sagittal T1- and sagittal and axial T2-weighted images. Similarly, the inferior adjacent level structures were adequately visualized less than 50% of the time, with the exception of slightly improved visualization of the inferior endplate on T1-weighted images (56%). Axial images allowed worse visualization than sagittal images at both the superior and inferior adjacent levels. Utilizing the 0.2-T magnet to assess the superior and inferior adjacent levels, the superior endplate, disc space, and inferior endplate were adequately visualized in 100% of images.

Conclusions
Based on the results of this case series, it appears that the strength of the magnet affects the artifact from the Co-Cr endplates. The open 0.2-T MR imaging unit reduces artifact at adjacent levels after cervical disc arthroplasty without a significant reduction in the image quality. Magnetic resonance imaging can be used to evaluate the adjacent segments after disc arthroplasty if magnet strength is addressed, providing another means to assess the long-term efficacy of this novel treatment.
Eight-year follow-up after palliative embolization of a neonatal intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula with high-output heart failure: management strategies for symptomatic fistula growth and bilateral femoral occlusions in pediatric patients
Authors: Reig Adam S. , Simon Scott D. , Neblett Wallace W. , Mericle Robert A. 
Published: December 2010

The authors report the 8-year follow-up of a patient previously described in the literature who originally presented in high-output cardiac failure secondary to a complex neonatal intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF). The earlier case report described palliative treatment with a combination of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and endovascular embolization for life-threatening high-output cardiac failure secondary to a DAVF. Access was obtained using the ECMO cannula, and embolization was performed while the patient was connected to the ECMO machine.
The patient made an excellent recovery following partial embolization of the fistula, but then presented again 7 years later with worsening headaches secondary to significant growth of the known residual portion of the fistula identified on CT angiography. The child also developed bilateral femoral artery (FA) occlusions secondary to multiple previous FA punctures. To achieve complete obliteration of the remaining fistula, the patient required a retroperitoneal approach to the iliac artery and percutaneous puncture of the internal jugular vein. Embolization was performed with a combination of platinum coils and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer liquid embolic agent. There were no complications, and the child remains neurologically normal, with no signs of permanent cardiovascular sequelae.
In this case report, the authors discuss the long-term management of AVFs treated by endovascular strategies early in life. After neonatal access, sometimes the FAs occlude, requiring more invasive access strategies. The authors also discuss the follow-up method, intervals, and threshold for further treatment for these lesions, and present a review of the literature.
Frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele: appraisal of 200 operated cases
Authors: Oucheng Ngiep , Lauwers Frédéric , Gollogly Jim , Draper Louisa , Joly Bruno , Roux Franck-Emmanuel 
Published: December 2010

Object
Frontoethmoidal mengingoencephaloceles (fMECs) are frequently observed in Cambodia, especially in poor families. The authors describe issues related to the surgical treatment of fMECs in Cambodia at the end of a humanitarian program that provided surgery free of charge to patients and their families.

Methods
The authors reviewed 257 cases of fMEC involving patients who presented to their institution, the Children's Surgical Center in Phnom Penh, between 2004 and 2009. They treated 200 of these patients surgically (108 males, 92 females; 89% younger than 18 years) using a “low-cost” management plan with no routine pre- or postoperative investigations. Initially, surgery was performed by visiting foreign surgeons who taught the procedures to resident surgeons. Patients were not charged for consultations or treatment and received at least 1 follow-up examination 6 months postoperatively.

Results
The nasoethmoidal type was the most frequent fMEC encountered (69%). Many patients had associated ophthalmological issues (46% of cases). Only 1 familial case was detected. Combined neurosurgical and facial procedures were successfully standardized and learned by surgeons initially unfamiliar with fMEC management. A neurosurgical approach avoided the need for a facial incision in 42 cases, improving cosmetic results. The most common postoperative issues were a temporary CSF leak (24 cases [12%]) and/or infection (28 cases [14%]). There were 3 deaths directly related to the operations. Cosmetic results were good in 145 cases, average in 27, poor in 7, and worse than preoperative appearance in 6 patients. Fifteen patients were lost to follow-up. The parents of 87% of the children were rice farmers. Questionnaire results confirmed that fMEC has important social and educational consequences for the affected children and that these consequences can be partially improved by fMEC correction.

Conclusions
This experience in fMEC management demonstrates that local surgeons can treat these malformations with limited surgical materials and in a nonspecialized infrastructure after principles of treatment have been learned and if they are carefully respected. Surgery for fMEC can thus be more accessible to a larger number of patients in developing countries. Moreover, local treatment facilitates better postoperative and follow-up care.