bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Migraine Prevalence, Disability, and Sociodemographic Factors: Results From the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study
Authors: Buse Dawn C. , Manack Aubrey N. , Fanning Kristina M. , Serrano Daniel , Reed Michael L. , Turkel Catherine C. , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: June 2012

Objectives.— To estimate the prevalence and distribution of chronic migraine (CM) in the US population and compare the age‐ and sex‐specific profiles of headache‐related disability in persons with CM and episodic migraine.Background.— Global estimates of CM prevalence using various definitions typically range from 1.4% to 2.2%, but the influence of sociodemographic factors has not been completely characterized.Methods.— The American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study mailed surveys to a sample of 120,000 US households selected to represent the US population. Data on headache frequency, symptoms, sociodemographics, and headache‐related disability (using the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale) were obtained. Modified Silberstein–Lipton criteria were used to classify CM (meeting International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition, criteria for migraine with a headache frequency of ≥15 days over the preceding 3 months).Results.— Surveys were returned by 162,756 individuals aged ≥12 years; 19,189 individuals (11.79%) met International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition, criteria for migraine (17.27% of females; 5.72% of males), and 0.91% met criteria for CM (1.29% of females; 0.48% of males). Relative to 12 to 17 year olds, the age‐ and sex‐specific prevalence for CM peaked in the 40s at 1.89% (prevalence ratio 4.57; 95% confidence interval 3.13‐6.67) for females and 0.79% (prevalence ratio 3.35; 95% confidence interval 1.99‐5.63) for males. In univariate and adjusted models, CM prevalence was inversely related to annual household income. Lower income groups had higher rates of CM. Individuals with CM had greater headache‐related disability than those with episodic migraine and were more likely to be in the highest Migraine Disability Assessment Scale grade (37.96% vs 9.50%, respectively). Headache‐related disability was highest among females with CM compared with males. CM represented 7.68% of migraine cases overall, and the proportion generally increased with age.Conclusions.— In the US population, the prevalence of CM was nearly 1%. In adjusted models, CM prevalence was highest among females, in mid‐life, and in households with the lowest annual income. Severe headache‐related disability was more common among persons with CM and most common among females with CM.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Urinary Ethyl Glucuronide and Ethyl Sulfate in Liver Disease Patients
Authors: Stewart Scott H. , Koch David G. , Burgess Douglas M. , Willner Ira R. , Reuben Adrian 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundIt is important to monitor alcohol use in the care of patients with liver disease, but patient self‐report can be unreliable. We therefore evaluated the performance of urine ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) in detecting alcohol use in the days preceding a clinical encounter.MethodsSubjects (n = 120) were recruited at a university‐based hepatology clinic or during hospitalization. Alcohol consumption was ascertained by validated self‐report measures. Urine EtG (cutoff 100 ng/ml) and EtS (cutoff 25 ng/ml) concentrations were assayed by a contracted laboratory using tandem mass spectrometry. The sensitivity and specificity of each biomarker in the detection of drinking during the 3 and 7 days preceding the clinic visit were determined, as well as the influence of liver disease severity on these results.ResultsUrine EtG (sensitivity 76%, specificity 93%) and urine EtS (sensitivity 82%, specificity 86%) performed well in identifying recent drinking, and liver disease severity does not affect biomarker performance. After elimination of 1 false‐negative self‐report, urine EtG > 100 ng/ml was 100% specific for drinking within the past week, whereas 9% of the subjects without evidence of alcohol drinking for at least 1 week had EtS > 25 ng/ml.ConclusionsUrine EtG and EtS can objectively supplement the detection of recent alcohol use in patients with liver disease. Additional research may determine optimal methods for integrating these tests into clinical care.
Resting‐State Synchrony in Long‐Term Abstinent Alcoholics
Authors: Camchong Jazmin , Stenger Andy , Fein George 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundAlcohol dependence is a disorder with an impulsive and compulsive “drive” toward alcohol consumption and an inability to inhibit alcohol consumption. Neuroimaging studies suggest that these behavioral components correspond to an increased involvement of regions that mediate appetitive drive and reduced involvement of regions that mediate executive control within top‐down networks. Little is known, however, about whether these characteristics are present after long periods of abstinence.MethodsResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected to examine resting‐state synchrony (RSS) differences between 23 long‐term abstinent alcoholics (LTAA; 8 women, age: M = 48.46, SD = 7.10), and 23 nonsubstance abusing controls (NSAC; 8 women, age: M = 47.99, SD = 6.70). Using seed‐based measures, we examined RSS with the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). All participants were assessed with the intra/extradimensional set shift task outside of the scanner to explore the relationship between RSS and cognitive flexibility.ResultsCompared to NSAC, LTAA showed (i) decreased synchrony of limbic reward regions (e.g., caudate and thalamus) with both the anterior cingulate cortex seed and the NAcc seed and (ii) increased synchrony of executive control regions (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) with both the NAcc seed and the sgACC seed. RSS differences were significantly correlated with task performance.ConclusionsThe results are consistent with an interpretation of an ongoing compensatory mechanism in LTAA evident during rest, in which decision‐making networks show reduced synchrony with appetitive drive regions and increased synchrony with inhibitory control regions. In addition, RSS differences were associated with cognitive flexibility. These resting‐state findings indicate an adaptive mechanism present in long‐term abstinence that may facilitate the behavioral control required to maintain abstinence.
Translation and Linguistic Validation of the Self‐Completed Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S‐LANSS) Scale for Use in a Libyan Population
Authors: Elzahaf Raga A. , Tashani Osama A. , Unsworth Biddy A. , Johnson Mark I. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:  The Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) pain scale is used to identify pain of neuropathic origin and has been validated as a self‐completed tool (S‐LANSS). We translated the S‐LANSS into Arabic and evaluated its reliability and linguistic validity for use by Libyan people.Methods:  Thirteen of 45 Libyan nationals living in the UK were identified as having chronic pain and completed an English and Arabic S‐LANSS 1 week apart. In addition, 23 of 104 respondents to a telephone interview in Derna City, Libya, were identified as having chronic pain and completed the Arabic S‐LANSS. Seven of these 23 completed the S‐LANSS again 1 week later.Results:  Cronbach’s alpha was 0.72 (P < 0.001) for the Arabic S‐LANSS and 0.71 (P < 0.001) for the English S‐LANSS. There was good measurement of agreement of individual items in Arabic and English S‐LANSS tools with kappa coefficients ranging from 0.69 to 1.00. Twelve of the 23 (52.2%) individuals with chronic pain scored 12 or more on the Arabic S‐LANSS and were classified as possibly having neuropathic pain. There was good measurement of agreement of individual items in Arabic S‐LANSS tools with kappa coefficients ranging from 0.462 to 1.00. There were strong intraclass correlations in both versions for test‐retest reliability of total score.Conclusion:  The Arabic S‐LANSS is reliable and linguistically valid to use in Libya. Perspective: Our translation of the S‐LANSS into Arabic was shown to be linguistically valid and reliable for use in a Libyan population.
Is Environmental Justice Good for White Folks? Industrial Air Toxics Exposure in Urban America
Authors: Ash Michael , Boyce James K. , Chang Grace , Scharber Helen 
Published: June 2012

ObjectivesThe study examines spatial variation in exposure to toxic air pollution from industrial facilities in urban areas of the United States in relation to the local distribution of the pollution burden.MethodsWe conducted between‐ and within‐city analysis of geographic microdata from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Risk‐Screening Environmental Indicators project and data from the 2000 U.S. Census.ResultsAverage exposure in an urban area is positively correlated with the extent of racial and ethnic disparity in the distribution of the exposure burden. Average exposures also tend to be higher for all population subgroups, including whites, in urban areas with higher minority pollution‐exposure discrepancies.ConclusionsThe correlations could arise from causal linkages in either or both directions: the ability to displace pollution onto minorities may lower the effective cost of pollution for industrial firms; and higher average pollution burdens may induce whites to invest more political capital in efforts to influence firms’ siting decisions. The analysis suggests that improvement in environmental justice could benefit not only minorities but also whites.
Minority Group Size, Unemployment, and the Extreme Right Vote: The Crucial Case of Latvia
Authors: Bloom Stephen 
Published: June 2012

ObjectivesI test the importance of demographic and economic contextual variables for the success of extreme right parties.MethodsI employ subnational data from the crucial case of Latvia to capture the effects of minority group size and economic change on the extreme right vote. Ethnic Latvians constitute a bare majority of the Latvian population and GDP dropped by 18 percent in 2009.ResultsI find that localities with high or rising unemployment were less likely to support extreme right parties. The dampening effect of unemployment on the extreme right was greater in localities with large minority populations.ConclusionsThese counterintuitive findings raise questions about the logic and generalizability of existing explanations of extreme right voting. The study of the extreme right is hampered not only by ill‐suited measures of group size and economic conditions, but also by overarching theories that predict group‐based outcomes.
The temporary and permanent effects of unemployment on mortality in Europe
Authors: BENDER Keith A. , ECONOMOU Athina , THEODOSSIOU Ioannis 
Published: June 2012

Abstract.Recent research on the relationship between unemployment and mortality is inconsistent. The statistical methodology used in this study decomposes the effect of unemployment on mortality into temporary and permanent effects and estimates the unemployment‐mortality relationship, using aggregate data from 11 European countries for the period 1971–2001. Decomposing the effect of unemployment in this way shows that while the temporary effect of an increase in unemployment is to lower mortality, the permanent effect is to increase it. Importantly, the permanent effect is generally much stronger than the temporary effect. These results hold true for nearly all mortality indicators studied.
Characterization of novel silane coatings on titanium implant surfaces
Authors: Matinlinna Jukka P. , Tsoi James Kit‐Hon , de Vries Joop , Busscher Henk J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectivesThis in vitro study describes and characterizes a developed novel method to produce coatings on Ti. Hydrophobic coatings on substrates are needed in prosthetic dentistry to promote durable adhesion between luting resin cements and coated Ti surfaces. In implant dentistry the hydrophobic coatings on a Ti implant might be beneficial for osseointegration, preventing bacteria adhesion and for enhancement of resin composite adhesion as well.Materials and methodsA silica‐coating system, Rocatec™, was used for planar Ti coupons as instructed. After careful rinsing and drying, four experimental silane primers were applied onto silica‐coated Ti specimens. The primers were prepared of 3‐acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane + bis‐1,2‐(triethoxysilyl)ethane (in four concentrations), diluted in acidified ethanol‐water. The contact angles, surface free energies, and critical surface tensions were assessed. The chemical compositions of surfaces were analyzed using X‐photoelectron spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the surface topographies. Non‐treated Ti specimens and silanized with a commercial silane primer were used as the controls.ResultsThere were observable differences in the surface free energy (contact angle) and chemical composition on specimens. The silane primers reacted and fully covered Ti surfaces, which produced more hydrophobic coatings, larger contact angles, and lower surface free energy and critical surface tension than controls. At the concentration of 1.0 vol% 3‐acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 0.3 vol% bis‐1,2‐(triethoxysilyl)ethane, the silane blend showed the lowest surface free energy. The silanes would not affect the surface roughness (P > 0.05).ConclusionsNovel coatings were successfully developed and optimized. They may produce a hydrophobic surface onto Ti implants without compromising the surface roughness.
Influence of buccal bony crest width on marginal dimensions of peri‐implant hard and soft tissues after implant installation. An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Baffone Gabriele M. , Botticelli Daniele , Pereira Flavia Priscila , Favero Giacomo , Schweikert Michael , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of the width of the buccal bony wall on hard and soft tissue dimensions following implant installation.Material and methodsMandibular premolars and first molars of six Labrador dogs were extracted bilaterally. After 3 months of healing, two recipient sites, one on each side of the mandible, were prepared in such a way as to obtain a buccal bony ridge width of about 2 mm in the right (control) and 1 mm in the left sides (test), respectively. Implants were installed with the coronal margin flush with the buccal alveolar bony crest. Abutments were placed and the flaps were sutured to allow a non‐submerged healing. After 3 months, the animals were euthanized and ground sections obtained.ResultsAll implants were completely osseointegrated. In respect to the coronal rough margin of the implant, the most coronal bone‐to‐implant contact was apically located 1.04 ± 0.91 and 0.94 ± 0.87 mm at the test and control sites, respectively, whereas the top of the bony crest was located 0.30 ± 0.40 mm at the test and 0.57 ± 0.49 mm at the control sites. No statistically significant differences were found. A larger horizontal bone resorption, however, evaluated 1 mm apically to the rough margin, was found at the control (1.1 ± 0.7 mm) compared to the test (0.3 ± 0.3 mm) sites, the difference being statistically significant.A thin peri‐implant mucosa (2.4–2.6 mm) was found at implant installation while, after 3 months of healing, a biological width of 3.90–4.40 mm was observed with no statistically significant differences between control and test sites.ConclusionsA width of the buccal bony wall of 1or 2 mm at implant sites yielded similar results after 3 months of healing in relation of hard tissue and soft tissues dimensions after implant installation.
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on peri‐implant bone healing in rats with alloxan‐induced diabetes
Authors: Oliveira Peterson Antônio Dutra , Oliveira Alcione Maria Soares Dutra , Pablos Aletheia Buosi , Costa Fernando Oliveira , Silva Gerluza Aparecida Borges , Santos Jean Nunes dos , Cury Patricia Ramos 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimThe influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on peri‐implant bone healing in rats with alloxan‐induced type‐1 diabetes was studied.Materials and methodsForty‐eight male rats were randomly divided into six groups: (1) healthy rats (HR) that received no HBOT; (2) HR that underwent 10 sessions of HBOT before implant installation; (3) HR that underwent 10 sessions of HBOT after implant installation; (4) rats with induced diabetes (DR) without HBOT; (5) DR that underwent 10 sessions of HBOT before implant installation; (6) DR that underwent 10 sessions of HBOT after implant installation. A screw‐shaped titanium implant was inserted into the femur. The animals were killed 28 days after implantation. The percentage of bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) within the implant threads was evaluated.ResultsLower BIC was observed in DR (35.35 ± 18.04) compared with the HR (69.07 ± 09.01) (p = 0.001). However, with HBOT, either before or after implantation, BIC was increased in DR. HBOT before implantation was p = 0.03; HBOT after implantation was p = 0.08. This increase reversed the negative effect of diabetes; therefore, the differences between DR and HR were not significant with HBOT (p ≥ 0.21).ConclusionHBOT, either before or after implantation, increased the BIC in DR to the level of HR
Restricting dietary magnesium accelerates ectopic connective tissue mineralization in a mouse model of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (Abcc6−/−)
Authors: Jiang Qiujie , Uitto Jouni 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEctopic mineralization, linked to a number of diseases, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a heritable multisystem disorder characterized by calcium phosphate deposition in various tissues. The mineral content of diet has been suggested to modify the disease severity in PXE. The aim of this study is to explore the role of diet with reduced magnesium in modifying tissue mineralization in a mouse model of PXE. Abcc6−/− mice were placed on either standard rodent diet (control) or an experimental diet low in magnesium at weaning (4 weeks) and examined for mineralization in the skin and internal organs at the ages of 1.5, 2 or 6 months by computerized morphometric analysis of histopathological sections and by chemical assay of calcium and phosphate. Abcc6−/− mice on experimental diet demonstrated an accelerated, early‐onset mineralization of connective tissues, as compared to control mice. Wild‐type or heterozygous mice on experimental diet did not show evidence of mineralization up to 6 months of age. All mice on experimental diet showed decreased urinary calcium, increased urinary phosphate and elevated parathyroid serum levels. However, no difference in bone density at 6 months of age was noted. Our findings indicate that the mineral content, particularly magnesium, can modify the extent and the onset of mineralization in Abcc6−/− mice and suggest that dietary magnesium levels may contribute to the phenotypic variability of PXE. The control of mineralization by dietary magnesium may have broader implications in general population in the context of vascular mineralization.
Multiphoton laser tomography and fluorescence lifetime imaging of basal cell carcinoma: morphologic features for non‐invasive diagnostics
Authors: Seidenari Stefania , Arginelli Federica , Dunsby Christopher , French Paul , König Karsten , Magnoni Cristina , Manfredini Marco , Talbot Clifford , Ponti Giovanni 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMultiphoton laser tomography (MPT) combined with fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is a non‐invasive imaging technique, which gives access to the cellular and extracellular morphology of the skin. The aim of our study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of MPT/FLIM descriptors for basal cell carcinoma (BCC), to improve BCC diagnosis and the identification of tumor margins. In the preliminary study, FLIM images referring to 35 BCCs and 35 healthy skin samples were evaluated for the identification of morphologic descriptors characteristic of BCC. In the main study, the selected parameters were blindly evaluated on a test set comprising 63 BCCs, 63 healthy skin samples and 66 skin lesions. Moreover, FLIM values inside a region of interest were calculated on 98 healthy skin and 98 BCC samples. In the preliminary study, three epidermal descriptors and 7 BCC descriptors were identified. The specificity of the diagnostic criteria versus ‘other lesions’ was extremely high, indicating that the presence of at least one BCC descriptor makes the diagnosis of ‘other lesion’ extremely unlikely. FLIM values referring to BCC cells significantly differed from those of healthy skin. In this study, we identified morphological and numerical descriptors enabling the differentiation of BCC from other skin disorders and its distinction from healthy skin in ex vivo samples. In future, MPT/FLIM may be applied to skin lesions to provide direct clinical guidance before biopsy and histological examination and for the identification of tumor margins allowing a complete surgical removal.
A novel mouse model for Sézary Syndrome using xenotransplantation of Sézary cells into immunodeficient RAG2−/− γc−/− mice
Authors: van der Fits Leslie , Rebel Heggert G. , Out‐Luiting Jacoba J. , Pouw Stephan M. , Smit Fiona , Vermeer Kim G. , van Zijl Lisanne , Tensen Cornelis P. , Weijer Kees , Vermeer Maarten H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSézary syndrome (SS) is an aggressive cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma with CD4+ tumor cells localized in the skin, lymph nodes and peripheral blood. Characteristic molecular aberrancies in SS have been identified; however, paucity of functional models severely hampered the translation of these observations into pathogenic mechanisms, and subsequent validation of novel therapeutic targets. We therefore developed a mouse model for SS using intrahepatic injection of SS cells in newborn immunodeficient RAG2−/− γc−/− mice that are completely devoid of T‐, B‐ and NK‐cell activity. Injection of the SS cell line SeAx led to long‐term and reproducible systemic repopulation of the mice. Injection of mice with the SS cell line HuT‐78 led to the death of the mice owing to massive growth of internal tumors. Four weeks after injection of primary SS cells, human CD3+ T cells could be tracked back in the liver, peripheral blood, lymph nodes, spleen and skin of the mice, although the engraftment rate varied when using cells from different patients. In conclusion, we demonstrate that injection of SS cell lines or primary cells in newborn RAG2−/− γc−/− mice results in long‐term systemic repopulation of the mice, thereby providing a novel mouse model for Sézary syndrome.