bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophoretic detection of genetic variability among Schistosoma japonicum isolates by sequence‐related amplified polymorphism
Authors: Song Hui‐Qun , Mo Xi‐Hao , Zhao Guang‐Hui , Li Juan , Zou Feng‐Cai , Liu Wei , Wu Xiang‐Yun , Lin Rui‐Qing , Weng Ya‐Biao , Zhu Xing‐Quan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn the present study, sequence‐related amplification polymorphism (SRAP) was utilized to study the genetic variability among Schistosoma japonicum isolates from different provinces in China, using Schistosoma mansoni from Puerto Rico for comparison. Five out of ten tested SRAP primer combinations displayed significant polymorphisms among S. japonicum isolates from China, namely ME2/EM1, ME4/EM1, ME4/EM6, ME5/EM4 and ME5/EM5. Analysis of the 61 S. japonicum samples from China with five SRAP primer combinations identified a total of 83 reproducible polymorphic fragments. The number of fragments using each primer combination ranged from 14 to 19, with an average of 16 polymorphic bands per primer pair, and the size of fragment ranged approximately from 100 to 1000 bp. Representative‐specific SRAP fragments were excised from the gels, and confirmed by PCR amplification of genomic DNA using primers designed and based on the sequences of these SRAP fragments. Based on SRAP profiles, unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram was constructed. UPGMA clustering algorithm categorized S. japonicum isolates from China into nine clades and two lineages (representing the mountainous and lake/marshland regions). These results indicate the usefulness of the SRAP technique for revealing genetic variability among S. japonicum isolates from China, and the SRAP technique should be applicable to other living organisms.
Can carcinogenic potency be predicted from in vivo genotoxicity data? a meta‐analysis of historical data
Authors: Hernández Lya G. , Slob Wout , van Steeg Harry , van Benthem Jan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGenotoxicity is generally a parameter used for hazard identification, however, the applicability of using in vivo genotoxicity tests for hazard characterization has never been thoroughly investigated in a quantitative manner. Genotoxicity assays could be useful for the determination of cancer potency parameters given that genotoxicty tests measure mutations and/or chromosomal aberrations which are strongly associated with carcinogenesis. A detailed literature survey was performed in search for dose‐response data in various in vivo genotoxicity and carcinogenicity studies. The benchmark dose (BMD) approach was applied using the dose‐response modeling program PROAST. Dose‐response data were available from 18 compounds in the micronucleus assay (MN), the in vivo transgenic rodent mutation assay (TG) and the comet assay, and their BMD10 values were compared to the BMD10 from carcinogenicity studies in mice. Of the 18 compounds, 15 had acceptable dose‐response data from the MN and the TG, but only 4 from the comet assay. A major limitation in our analysis was the lack of proper dose‐response studies using the recommended protocols. Nevertheless, our findings are promising because even with these suboptimal studies, a positive correlation was observed when the lowest BMD10 from the genotoxicity tests (MN and TG) was compared to the tissue‐matched carcinogenicity BMD10. It is evident that more compounds need to be analyzed with proper dose‐response schemes to further validate our initial findings. Experimental designs of genotoxicity assays need to shift from focusing only on hazard identification where positive and negative results are reported, to a more quantitative, dose‐response assessment. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Probabilistic seismic loss assessment of aging bridges using a component‐level cost estimation approach
Authors: Ghosh Jayadipta , Padgett Jamie E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDeteriorating highway bridges in the United States and worldwide have demonstrated susceptibility to damage in earthquake events, with considerable economic consequences due to repair or replacement. Current seismic loss assessment approaches for these critical elements of the transportation network neglect the effects of aging and degradation on the loss estimate. However, the continued aging and deterioration of bridge infrastructure could not only increase susceptibility to seismic damage, but also have a significant impact on these economic losses. Furthermore, the contribution of individual aging components to system‐level losses, correlations between these components, and uncertainty modeling in the risk assessment and repair modeling are all crucial considerations to enhance the accuracy and confidence in bridge loss estimates. In this paper, a new methodology for seismic loss assessment of aging bridges is introduced based on the non‐homogeneous Poisson process. Statistical moments of seismic losses can be efficiently estimated, such as the expected value and variance. The approach is unique in its account for time‐varying seismic vulnerability, uncertainty in component repair, and the contribution of multiple correlated aging components. A representative case study is presented with two fundamentally distinct highway bridges to demonstrate the effects of corrosion deterioration of different bridge components on the seismic losses. Using the proposed model, a sensitivity study is also conducted to assess the effect of parameter variations on the expected seismic losses. The results reveal that the seismic losses estimated by explicitly considering the effects of deterioration of bridge components is significantly higher than that found by assuming time‐invariant structural reliability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Algorithm for analysis of flows in ribbed annuli
Authors: Moradi H. V. , Floryan J. M. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYSpectral methods for analyses of steady flows in annuli bounded by walls with either axi‐symmetric or longitudinal ribs are developed. The physical boundary conditions are enforced using the immersed boundary conditions concept. In the former case, the Stokes stream function is used to eliminate pressure and to reduce system of field equations to a single fourth‐order partial differential equation. The ribs are assumed to be periodic in the axial direction and this permits representation of the solution in terms of the Fourier expansion. In the latter case, the problem is reduced to the Laplace equations for the flow modifications that can be expressed in terms of the Fourier expansions. The modal functions, which are functions of the radial coordinate, are discretized using Chebyshev polynomials. The problem formulations are closed using either the fixed volume flow rate constraint or the fixed pressure gradient constraint. Various tests have been carried out in order to demonstrate the spectral accuracy of the discretizations, as well as the spectral accuracy of the enforcement of the flow boundary conditions at the ribbed walls using the immersed boundary conditions concept. Special linear solver that takes advantage of the matrix structure has been implemented in order to reduce computational time and memory requirements. It is shown that the algorithm has superior performance when one is interested in the analysis of a large number of geometries, as part of the coefficient matrix that corresponds to the field equation is always the same and one needs to change only the part of the matrix that corresponds to the boundary relations when changing geometry of the flow domain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphorofluoridic acid ammonium salts and acids: Synthesis, NMR properties, and application as acid catalysts
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Tonomura Yusuke , Takenaka Toru 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPhosphoric acid alkyl diphenyl esters were prepared by reacting diphenyl phosphoryl chloride with alcohols in the presence of amines, and then subjected to fluorinative hydrolysis with Bu4 NF to give phosphorofluoridic acid ammonium salt monoesters in moderate to high yields. The salts were converted to the corresponding acids by treatment with Amberlyst 15. The NMR properties of a series of organophosphorus compounds are presented. The catalytic activities of the acids for the condensation reaction of α‐bromobutanoic acid and 3‐hexyne‐2‐ol were tested. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:417–425, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20700
Introduction of azetidinimine skeleton on C60
Authors: Ueda Nobuaki , Nikawa Hidefumi , Takano Yuta , Ishitsuka Midori O. , Tsuchiya Takahiro , Akasaka Takeshi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe azacyclobutane structure is introduced into C60 fullerene using a photochemical reaction with formamidines. Three azetidinofullerenes (2c–2e) were synthesized; their molecular structures were characterized using 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry, visible spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. Single crystal X‐ray crystallographic analysis of 2e reveals a unique strained four‐membered ring including nitrogen atom attached on the fullerene cage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:426–431, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20703
Preparation of 1,4‐bis(2‐ethynyl‐3‐thienyl) benzene derivatives linked by oligo(ethyleneglycol) chain
Authors: Toyota Kozo , Katsuta Hiroshi , Iwamoto Takeaki , Morita Noboru 
Published: May 2011

Abstract1‐(2‐Phenylethynyl‐3‐thienyl)‐4‐[2‐(triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl‐3‐thienyl]benzene derivative, bearing both a polar oligo(ethyleneglycol) chain and hydrophobic alkyl chains, was prepared. The triisopropylsilyl group was then removed by tetrabutylammonium fluoride and the diphenylphosphinyl group was introduced by successive treatment with EtMgBr, chlorodiphenylphosphine, and aerial dioxygen. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:531–537, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20718
Racemic and optically active 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diyl sulfite: Synthesis, crystal structure, and ring‐opening reactions with selected nucleophiles
Authors: Drabowicz Jozef , Krasowska Dorota , Marciniak Bernard , Rozycka‐Sokolowska Ewa 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPreparation of the sulfite derived from racemic and (R)−(+)‐enantiomer of BINOL is reported. The crystal structure of the optically active, levorotatory sulfite isomer and its ring opening induced by nucleophilic substitution reactions with selected nucleophiles are presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:562–570, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20722
The effects of a modest dose of alcohol on executive functioning and prospective memory
Authors: Montgomery Catharine , Ashmore Katie V. , Jansari Ashok 
Published: May 2011

RationaleAcute alcohol intoxication selectively impairs executive functioning and prospective memory (PM). Much previous researches in this area have used laboratory‐based tasks that may not mimic functions that individuals with dysexecutive syndrome have problems with in their everyday life. The present study aimed to assess the effects of a modest dose of alcohol on executive functioning and PM using a virtual reality task and investigate the role of executive planning in PM performance.MethodsForty healthy participants were administered 0.4 g/kg alcohol or matched placebo in a double‐blind design. Executive function and PM were assessed using the Jansari–Agnew–Akesson–Murphy (JAAM) task, requiring participants to play the role of an office worker.ResultsAlcohol intoxication selectively impaired executive function and PM. The participants in the alcohol condition performed worse on the planning, prioritisation, creativity and adaptability executive subscales and also on the time‐based and event‐based PM tasks. However, alcohol did not impair the selection executive function task or the action‐based PM task.ConclusionsThe results provide further support for the effects of alcohol on executive functioning and PM. In addition, the results suggest that such deficits may be present at relatively modest doses of alcohol and in the absence of a subjective feeling of intoxication. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
π–π interaction of quinacridone derivatives
Authors: Huang Zhaowei , Sun Hui , Zhang Houyu , Wang Yue , Li Fei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe π–π stacking interactions play an important role in molecular assemblies of quinacridone derivatives (QAs). In our previous work (Sun et al., J Phys Chem A 2008, 112, 11382), we have shown that quinacridone derivatives can be self‐associated as dimers in solution by means of NMR study. Herein, we perform theoretical studies on the molecular interaction in the dimers of QAs to illustrate π–π interactions in terms of their strength, geometrical preference, substituent effect, and physical nature. Density functional theory (DFT‐D) was adopted to calculate potential energy surfaces. The detailed analysis on the intermolecular interaction in diversity of dimeric configurations reveals that the displaced conformations with specific geometries in both parallel and antiparallel stacking manners can be stabilized, which are in agreement with NMR experimental findings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Toward robust computational electrochemical predicting the environmental fate of organic pollutants
Authors: Sviatenko Liudmila , Isayev Olexandr , Gorb Leonid , Hill Frances , Leszczynski Jerzy 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA number of density functionals was utilized for the calculation of electron attachment free energy for nitrocompounds, quinones and azacyclic compounds. Different solvation models have been tested on the calculation of difference in free energies of solvation of oxidized and reduced forms of nitrocompounds in aqueous solution, quinones in acetonitrile, and azacyclic compounds in dimethylformamide. Gas‐phase free energies evaluated at the mPWB1K/tzvp level and solvation energies obtained using SMD model to compute solvation energies of neutral oxidized forms and PCM(Pauling) to compute solvation energies of anion‐radical reduced forms provide reasonable accuracy of the prediction of electron attachment free energy, difference in free solvation energies of oxidized and reduced forms, and as consequence yield reduction potentials in good agreement with experimental data (mean absolute deviation is 0.15 V). It was also found that SMD/M05‐2X/tzvp method provides reduction potentials with deviation of 0.12 V from the experimental values but in cases of nitrocompounds and quinones this accuracy is achieved due to the cancelation of errors. To predict reduction ability of naturally occurred iron containing species with respect to organic pollutants we exploited experimental data within the framework of Pourbaix (Eh − pH) diagrams. We conclude that surface‐bound Fe(II) as well as certain forms of aqueous Fe(II)aq are capable of reducing a variety of nitroaromatic compounds, quinones and novel high energy materials under basic conditions (pH > 8). At the same time, zero‐valent iron is expected to be active under neutral and acidic conditions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
QSAR model reproducibility and applicability: A case study of rate constants of hydroxyl radical reaction models applied to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and (benzo‐)triazoles
Authors: Roy Partha Pratim , Kovarich Simona , Gramatica Paola 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe crucial importance of the three central OECD principles for quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) model validation is highlighted in a case study of tropospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by OH, applied to two CADASTER chemical classes (PBDEs and (benzo‐)triazoles). The application of any QSAR model to chemicals without experimental data largely depends on model reproducibility by the user. The reproducibility of an unambiguous algorithm (OECD Principle 2) is guaranteed by redeveloping MLR models based on both updated version of DRAGON software for molecular descriptors calculation and some freely available online descriptors. The Genetic Algorithm has confirmed its ability to always select the most informative descriptors independently on the input pool of variables. The ability of the GA‐selected descriptors to model chemicals not used in model development is verified by three different splittings (random by response, K‐ANN and K‐means clustering), thus ensuring the external predictivity of the new models, independently of the training/prediction set composition (OECD Principle 5). The relevance of checking the structural applicability domain becomes very evident on comparing the predictions for CADASTER chemicals, using the new models proposed herein, with those obtained by EPI Suite. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Morphometric analysis of human sciatic nerve perineurial collagen type IV content
Authors: Ugrenović Sladjana , Jovanović Ivan , Vasović Ljiljana 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives: Aging is the process which unavoidably alters structure and function of the basal membranes in humans. Though, collagen type IV presents the most prominent component of the basal membranes, we estimated its presence in the perineurium of the human sciatic nerve samples during the aging process. Materials and methods: Material was 12 sciatic nerve samples, obtained from cadavers whose age ranged from 36 to 84 years. Cadavers were classified into three age groups: first which age ranged from 35 to 54 years, second which age ranged from 55 to 74 years and third which included cases older than 75 years. Tissue slices were further stained by labeled streptavidin–biotin method with collagen type IV monoclonal antibody and analyzed with light microscope under 100× lens magnification with oil immersion. Digital images of sciatic nerve perineurium were further processed and analyzed with ImageJ software. Results: Our results showed that there is statistically significant increase of perineurial area, perimeter, collagen type IV area, and collagen type IV area per perineurial perimeter unit in the third age group. These parameters also increased in the second age group, but this increase was not significant. Multiple regression analysis showed that beside fascicular size, age more significantly predict perineurial collagen type IV content. Conclusions: Results of morphometric and statistical analysis pointed to the conclusion that there is significant increase of sciatic nerve perineurial thickness during the aging process. This increase might represent the consequence of perineurial collagen type IV deposition with aging. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigative Interviewing of Child Sex Offender Suspects: Strategies to Assist the Application of a Narrative Framework
Authors: Read Julianne M. , Powell Martine B. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObtaining a narrative account from a suspect during an investigative interview is recommended in the literature as best practice. However, research shows that interviewers have difficulty adhering to this recommendation. This paper aims to provide police officers who interview sex offender suspects with suggestions that may assist them in the application of a narrative framework. Our approach involved individual in‐depth interviews with experts (N = 16: police trainers, detectives, expert witnesses, defence barristers, and prosecutors) who were leaders in their relative fields, particularly in relation to interviews with sex offender suspects. Specifically, the experts were asked to talk about the process of interviewing and what constitutes a good interview with a sex offender suspect. Several strategies that may assist officers in adhering to a narrative framework were extracted through qualitative analysis of the data. These strategies are described under the following headings: letting the suspects answer the allegations put to them, transferring the locus of control to the suspect, adopting strategies to overcome emotional barriers to reporting, and focusing on the relationship between the suspect and the victim. Directions for future research and training intervention are also discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Korean red ginseng prevents gentamicin‐induced hearing loss in rats
Authors: Choung Yun‐Hoon , Kim Seung Won , Tian Chunjie , Min Ji Young , Lee Hae Kyoung , Park Shi‐Nae , Lee Jong Bin , Park Keehyun 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the preventive effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on gentamicin (GM)‐induced ototoxicity and to identify the effective components of KRG.Study Design:In vivo and in vitro studies.Methods:Thirty‐five Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The GM group (n = 15) received intraperitoneal injections (IPI) of GM (160 mg/kg) for 5 days. The KRG + GM group (n = 12) was treated with intragastric feeding of KRG (500 mg/kg) for 12 days with 5 days of IPIs of GM. KRG (n = 4) and control (n = 4) groups were treated with KRG and saline, respectively. Auditory brainstem response (16 or 32 kHz) and Rotarod treadmill tests were done before and after treatments. Cochleas were evaluated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and phalloidin staining. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rg1, and Re were evaluated as the water‐soluble terazolium salt assay, annexin V/propidium iodide assay, and Western blots in HEI‐OC1 cells.Results:Posttreatment hearing thresholds in GM, KRG + GM, KRG, and control groups were: 27.7 ± 7.2 dB, 23.1 ± 4.1 dB, 16.9 ± 2.6 dB, and 21.3 ± 3.5 dB, respectively, for 16 kHz, 30.5 ± 6.6 dB, 25.2 ± 4.3 dB, 22.5 ± 2.7 dB, and 22.5 ± 3.8 dB, respectively for 32 kHz. The KRG + GM group had significantly better hearing than the GM group (P < .05). On SEM and phalloidin staining, the GM group showed severe loss of stereocilia in the basal outer hair cells and a few losses in the middle turns, whereas the KRG + GM group showed relatively intact hair cells. Balance impairment in treadmill tests was not definite in any group. Rb1 and Rb2 showed more effective protection than other components.Conclusions:KRG protects against GM‐induced hearing loss and hair cell death in rats. Laryngoscope, 2011