bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkably Reactive Dihydroindoloindoles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Dearomatization.
Authors: Bedford Robin B. , Fey Natalie , Haddow Mairi F. , Sankey Rosalind F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPd‐catalyzed dearomatization reaction allows access to a novel class of indoloindole heterocycles, namely (II).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐ and Nitroso‐Substituted Pyrazolines and Pyrazoles and Their Tuberculostatic Activity.
Authors: Khudina O. G. , Burgart Ya. V. , Saloutin V. I. , Kravcheno M. A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe title pyrazole derivatives exhibit considerable tuberculostatic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity of Nitrilimines 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition: Novel Synthesis of Spiro[4,4]nona‐2,8‐dien‐6‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Miqdad Omar A. , Abunada Nada M. , Hassaneen Hamdi M. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines generated in situ from corresponding hydrazonoyl halides such as (II) with 4‐arylideneimidazolones (I) affords the title spiro‐compounds (III) (13 examples) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Diarylation of sp3 C—H Bond in (2‐Azaaryl)methanes.
Authors: Song Guoyong , Su Yan , Gong Xue , Han Keli , Li Xingwei 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn most cases, a selective diarylation takes place at the C‐2 methyl group of the heterocyclic substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Approach to Substituted Oxazolidinones from Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Rezende Patricia , Paioti Paulo H. S. , Coelho Fernando 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe syntheses of the compounds (I) and (V) include the preparation of Morita—Baylis—Hillman adducts and a Curtius rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous C—S Cross‐Coupling: Synthesis of 2‐Iminobenzo‐1,3‐oxathioles via CuCl2·H2O‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of 2‐Iodophenols with Isothiocyanates.
Authors: Ding Qiuping , Liu Xianjin , Cao Banpeng , Zong Zhenzhen , Peng Yiyuan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe reaction can be scaled up and most of the biologically important subunits can be easily separated by filtration.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu2O Acting as a Robust Catalyst in CuAAC Reactions: Water is the Required Medium.
Authors: Wang Kai , Bi Xihe , Xing Shuangxi , Liao Peiqiu , Fang Zhongxue , Meng Xianyu , Zhang Qian , Liu Qun , Ji Yu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCu2O in water is an efficient catalyst for the azide‐alkyne cycloaddition of a wide variety of azides and alkynes with catalyst loadings as low as 100 ppm.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiadiazole Derivatives as Potential Anticonvulsant Agents.
Authors: Mullick Pooja , Khan Suroor A. , Verma Surajpal , Alam Ozair 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA variety of thiadiazolyliminothiazolidinone derivatives (IX) and (XI) are synthesized, which show good potential for anticonvulsant activity and also neurotoxic effect.
ChemInform Abstract: TBAF‐Catalyzed Silver Oxide‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling of Functional Trimethylsilylpyridines: Access to Arylpyridines and Bihetaryl Compounds.
Authors: Louerat Frederic , Tye Heather , Napier Spencer , Garrigou Michael , Whittaker Mark , Gros Philippe C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the presence of Ag2O and catalytic amounts of Pd and Bu4NF the trimethylsilylpyridines (I) and (IVa) undergo selective and efficient cross‐coupling with aromatic and heteroaromatic halides to afford products like (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Novel 3‐(1‐(1‐Substitutedpiperidin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐5‐substituted Phenyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles as Antifungal Agents.
Authors: Sangshetti Jaiprakash N. , Shinde Devanand B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCompounds (IIIa)‐(IIIc) are found to be equipotent with miconazole against C.
ChemInform Abstract: A Regioselective SNAr Reaction of Poly‐halo‐quinoline‐3‐carboxylates with Phenol, Thiophenol, or N‐Methylaniline.
Authors: Zhao Shikui , Zhou Weicheng 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPolyhaloquinoline‐3‐carboxylates (I) and (VIII) react with phenols, thiophenols, or anilines highly regioselectively to give mono‐, di‐ or trisubstituted derivatives in dependence on educt ratio and reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of 7‐(3‐Alkoxyimino‐5‐amino/methylaminopiperidin‐1‐yl)fluoroquinolone Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Yibin , Li Guoqing , Liu Mingliang , You Xuefu , Feng Lianshun , Lv Kai , Cao Jue , Guo Huiyuan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe target compounds (IV) (18 examples) are obtained by coupling the new N‐deprotected piperidine derivatives derived from (II) with various quinolone and naphthyridone cores, followed by hydrolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: The Witkop—Winterfeldt Oxidation Converts Tetrahydropyridoindoles into Pyrroloquinolones and Cinnolines by an Unprecedented Scaffold Rearrangement.
Authors: Mentel Matthias , Peters Martin , Albering Joerg , Breinbauer Rolf 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTosylated γ‐carbolines (I) are converted into dihydroquinolones (II) by a one‐pot reaction via ozone oxidation, reduction of the assumed intermediate ozonide by pyridine, and final cyclization of the formed keto‐lactam in the presence of Et3N.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological Evaluation of Polyhalo 1,3‐Diazaheterocycle Fused Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐imine Derivatives.
Authors: Huang Chao , Yan Sheng‐Jiao , Zeng Xiang‐Hui , Dai Xiao‐Yang , Zhang Yin , Qing Chen , Lin Jun 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAll synthesized compounds (III) are evaluated in vitro against different human tumor cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: An OFF—ON Fluorescent Probe for Zn2+ Based on a GFP‐Inspired Imidazolone Derivative Attached to a 1,10‐Phenanthroline Moiety
Authors: Li Yang , Shi Lei , Qin Li‐Xia , Qu Lu‐Lu , Jing Chao , Lan Minbo , James Tony D. , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: June 2011

Abstractdesign and synthesis of (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Diaminomethylidene Derivatives of β‐Oxo Sulfones as Potential Reagents in Heterocyclic Synthesis and Chelating Ligands.
Authors: Voronkova V. A. , Baranin S. V. , Prezent M. A. , Vasil'ev L. S. , Dorokhov V. A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA variety of diaminomethylene derivatives of β‐oxo sulfones are synthesized and use for the synthesis of arylsulfonylpyridine (XIII) and 5‐sulfonylcytosine derivatives (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Amide Acetals in the Synthesis of Pyridothienopyrimidines.
Authors: Medvedeva M. I. , Tugusheva N. Z. , Alekseeva L. M. , Chernyshev V. V. , Avramenko G. V. , Granik V. G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAmidines (V) are interesting and promising synthon for the synthesis of polyheterocyclic systems such as the title pyridothienopyrimidines.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Facile Ultrasonic‐Accelerated One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Acetyl‐2‐aryl‐1, 2‐dihydro‐(4H)‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Sheikh Davood 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe reaction proceeds under solvent‐free condition to provide the products in shorter reaction times and higher yields than those obtained under the conventional reflux conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐H‐1,5‐Benzodiazepines Derivatives Using SiO2/ZnCl2.
Authors: Jacob Raquel G. , Radatz Catia S. , Rodrigues Mariele B. , Alves Diego , Perin Gelson , Lenardao Eder J. , Savegnago Lucielli 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA general and easy method for the synthesis of the title compounds under solvent‐free conditions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,4,5‐Tetrahydro‐3,2‐benzothiazepine 3,3‐Dioxides Using Amberlyst‐15.
Authors: Sasiambarrena Leandro D. , Canepa Alicia S. , Bravo Rodolfo D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA simple and mild synthesis of the title compounds (III) by using a reusable and readily available catalyst is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Reinvestigation of Aminomethyltrifluoroborates and Their Application in Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Raushel Jessica , Sandrock Deidre L. , Josyula Kanth , Pakyz Deborah , Molander Gary A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTreatment of borate (I) with amines does not yield the corresponding potassium borates but ammoniomethyltrifluoroborates of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Electrophilic Phosphination.
Authors: Nielsen Martin , Jacobsen Christian Borch , Joergensen Karl Anker 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe one‐pot three‐step sequence for the synthesis of 2‐diarylphosphoryl‐substituted β‐amino acid esters is based on the (DHQD)2‐PYR‐catalyzed asymmetric phosphination of esters (I) and (VI) with diaryl phosphine chlorides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(III)‐Catalyzed Phenylselenylation of Allyl Acetates by Diphenyl Diselenide and Indium(I) Bromide in Neat: Isolation and Identification of Intermediate.
Authors: Saha Amit , Ranu Brindaban C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe reaction allows a simple, fast, and efficient access to allyl phenyl selenides.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Nitroxides. Part 11. O‐Aryl Phenylselenophosphonates Bearing a Nitroxyl Moiety.
Authors: Huras Bogumila , Zakrzewski Jerzy , Krawczyk Maria 
Published: June 2011

AbstractReaction of TEMPOL (I) with phenyldichlorophosphine selenide (II) and phenols gives the title selenophosphonates (IV) as the major products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectral Properties of Novel Water‐Soluble Indocyanine Dyes as Fluorescent Dyes for Proteins Detection.
Authors: Fu Yile , Wang Lanying , Zhang Xianghan , Lu Tianqin , Xie Qianjie , Shi Zhen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTwo new water‐soluble indocyanine dyes are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New C‐15 Phosphorus Ylide Used for the Preparation of Some β‐End‐Group Retinoid Derivatives.
Authors: Valla Alain , Meheux Nathalie , Cartier Dominique , Valla Benoist , Dufosse Laurent , Labia Roger 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe new ylide (III) can be easily obtained in two steps from β‐ionone and is stable at ‐20 °C for several months.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Dammarane‐Type Sapogenins from Panax ginseng Berry and Their Biological Activities.
Authors: Zhao Jun‐Ming , Li Ning , Zhang Hong , Wu Chun‐fu , Piao Hu‐Ri , Zhao Yu‐Qing 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThree new aglycones, (I) and (II), and two known analogues are isolated from the hydrolyzed saponins extracted from the title plant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of MIDA Boronate Containing Aromatic Amino Acids: New Peptide Building Blocks.
Authors: Colgin Neil , Flinn Tony , Cobb Steven L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNegishi‐coupling of the iodoalanines (R)‐ and (S)‐(I) with boronates (II) allows formation of the amino acid derivatives (R)‐ and (S)‐(III) in enantiomerically pure form.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Glycosylation Promoted by Reusable Biomass Carbonaceous Solid Acid: An Easy Access to β‐Stereoselective Terpene Galactosides.
Authors: Gorityala Bala Kishan , Ma Jimei , Pasunooti Kalyan Kumar , Cai Shuting , Liu Xue‐Wei 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn efficient and atom economic protocol for the glycosylation of unprotected, unactivated glycosyl donors as well as glycosyl trichloroacetimidate is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Unsaturated Keto and Exomethylene D‐Arabinopyranonucleoside Analogues: Novel 5‐Fluorouracil Analogues that Target Thymidylate Synthase.
Authors: Tziomaki Niki , Manta Stella , Tsoukala Evangelia , Vande Voorde Johan , Liekens Sandra , Komiotis Dimitri , Balzarini Jan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of pyrimidine unsaturated keto and exomethylene arabinopyranonucleoside analogues, e.g. (VI), via two different routes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Purin‐2‐yl and Purin‐6‐yl‐aminoglucitols as C‐Nucleosidic ATP Mimics and Biological Evaluation as FGFR3 Inhibitors.
Authors: Tak‐Tak Lotfi , Barbault Florent , Maurel Francois , Busca Patricia , Le Merrer Yves 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTwo new small libraries with 2‐ and 6‐substituted purine as central scaffold are prepared starting from the known building blocks (I) and (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐NHC Catalyzed Biaryl Coupling by Direct C—H Activation — A Novel Strategy for the Synthesis of Dibenzocyclooctane Lignans.
Authors: Coy Ericsson David , Cuca Luis Enrique , Sefkow Michael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTitle compounds (III) and its trans‐diastereomer are synthesized starting from the corresponding lignans isolated from leaves of Ocotea macrophylla via biaryl coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Toxic Polyketides Produced by Fusarium sp., an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Melia azedarach.
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Xiang , Gao Jin‐Ming , Zhang Qiang , Laatsch Hartmut 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe new isocoumarin derivative, fusariumin (I), is isolated along with two known related resorcylic acid lactones from cultures of Fusarium sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Organic Reaction as New Tool in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Nagariya A. K. , Meena A. K. , Kiran Kiran , Yadav A. K. , Niranjan U. S. , Pathak A. K. , Singh B. , Rao M. M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractReview: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Synthesis: A Strategy to Synthesize Compounds of Biological Interest
Authors: Dighe Nachiket S. , Pattan Shashikant R. , Musmade Deepak S. , Gaware Vinayak M. , Hole Mangesh B. , Butle Santosh R. , Nirmal Dattatrya A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractReview: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Use of Sorbents for Photochemical Studies: Photo—Solid‐Phase Microextraction (Photo‐SPME)
Authors: Sanchez‐Prado Lucia , Llompart Maria , Fernandez‐Alvarez Maria , Garcia‐Jares Carmen , Lores Marta 
Published: June 2011

AbstractReview: 91 refs.
Modelle zur Berechnung von Schubwänden aus Mauerwerk
Authors: Ortlepp Sebastian 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDie heute weit verbreitete “offene Bauweise” im Einfamilienwohnungsbau führt aufgrund fehlender Wandscheiben oft zu Problemen beim Nachweis der Gebäudeaussteifung. Um dennoch diese Aufgabe lösen zu können, zeigt dieser Beitrag verschiedene Ansätze, mittels Reserven bei der Schnittkraftermittlung die rechnerische Tragfähigkeit von aussteifenden Mauerwerkswänden zu erhöhen. Ziel ist es, dem praktisch tätigen Ingenieur für Standardfälle ein Werkzeug in die Hand zu geben, mit dem er vorhandene Tragfähigkeitsreserven mit einem vertretbaren Rechenaufwand nutzbar machen kann.Models for calculation of masonry shear walls. The currently used ”open design” in the single‐family housing leads often to problems in the verification of the construction stiffening due to a lack of shear walls. In order to solve this task, this paper shows several approaches by using reserves in the determination of internal forces to increase the load‐bearing capacity of masonry shear walls. The aim is to give the practicing engineer a tool for standard cases which can be used for exploiting existing load‐bearing capacity reserves at a reasonable computational expenditure.
A generation and customization method for constructing a 3D GUI for SCADA
Authors: Sano Tatsuro , Nakata Hideo , Sugimoto Akira 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRecently, high‐quality 3D graphics have become available at low cost. A number of attempts have been made to visualize information in a very large system by using 3D graphics. However, the development of a 3D graphical user interface system requires greater cost than that of a 2D graphical user interface system. To solve this problem, we propose an effective method to easily construct a 3D graphical user interface for SCADA. Then we demonstrate the advantages of the 3D graphical user interfaces constructed by our method through user experiments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(7): 53–63, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10221
Spontaneous calcium changes in striatal cells
Authors: Osanai Makoto , Yaguchi Yuichi , Yamada Naohiro , Oboshi Fumito , Yagi Tetsuya 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe striatum plays an important role in linking cortical activity to basal ganglia outputs. We performed calcium (Ca2+) imaging to investigate the spontaneous activities of the striatum using acute slice preparations. Corticostriatal slices of rats were stained with Fura‐PE3‐AM. Long ‐lasting spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) changes, which lasted up to several hundred seconds, were observed. The amplitudes and the intervals of the changes were variable even in a single cell. Most cells exhibited irregular frequencies, but some exhibited oscillatory features. Most of these [Ca2+]i changes were not suppressed by TTX, a blocker of action potentials. The number of active cells, which exhibited the [Ca2+]i changes, was greatly reduced by the intracellular Ca2+ store depletor thapsigargin. Therefore, the intracellular Ca2+ store is likely to contribute to the [Ca2+]i transients. The [Ca2+]i changes under standard ACSF and TTX showed different levels of regularity. We tested synchronization of the [Ca2+]i changes between cell pairs under both conditions. The number of synchronized cell pairs was reduced in TTX. These results suggest that TTX‐insensitive and slow rate [Ca2+]i changes might be involved in information processing in the striatum. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(7): 43–52, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10242
Developmental changes in spontaneous beating rhythm of cardiac myocytes cultured in vitro by molecular diffusion culture method
Authors: Takeuchi Akimasa , Ogawa Hajime , Moriguchi Hiroyuki , Lee Jong‐Kook , Noshiro Makoto , Kotani Kiyoshi , Jimbo Yasuhiko 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTo understand the detailed mechanisms of arrhythmia and methods of its treatment, it is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of formation and breakdown of cardiac beating at a microscopic level by using appropriate in vitro models of cardiac beating. We developed a method for medium‐exchange‐free culture of rat cardiac myocytes, and carried out long‐term recording of the electrical activity of cardiac myocytes from postnatal rats by means of a microelectrode array (MEA) and our new culture method. Figures 6(a) to 6(f) show a series of properties of spontaneous beating (mean beating interval, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation) of cardiac myocytes cultured by a conventional culture method with alternate‐day medium exchange [(a) to (c)] and the newly developed “molecular diffusion culture” method [(d) to (f)]. As shown in these figures, the difference in the beating property between individual cultures that is found in conventional cultures [(a) to (c)] is dramatically reduced in the molecular diffusion cultures [(d) to (f)]. These results also indicate that there is a transient period when the mean beating interval, the standard deviation, and the coefficient of variation all increase transiently before the formation of a stable rhythmic fast beat. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(7): 35–42, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10244
Fast backpropagation learning using optimization of learning rate for pulsed neural networks
Authors: Yamamoto Kenji , Koakutsu Seiichi , Okamoto Takashi , Hirata Hironori 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNeural networks are widely applied to information processing because of their nonlinear processing capability. Digital hardware implementation of neural networks seems to be effective in the construction of neural network systems in which real‐time operation and much broader applications are possible. However, the digital hardware implementation of analog neural networks is very difficult because of the need to satisfy restrictions concerning circuit resources such as circuit scale, arrangement, and wiring. A technique that uses a pulsed neuron model instead of an analog neuron model as a method for solving this problem has been proposed, and its effectiveness has been confirmed. To construct pulsed neural networks (PNN), backpropagation (BP) learning has been proposed. However, BP learning takes considerable time to construct a PNN compared with the learning of an analog neural network. Therefore, some method of speeding up BP learning in PNN is necessary. In this paper, we propose a fast BP learning method using optimization of the learning rate for a PNN. In the proposed method, the learning rate is optimized so as to speed up learning in every learning cycle. To evaluate the proposed method, we apply it to pattern recognition problems, such as XOR, 3‐bit parity, and digit recognition. The results of the computer‐based experiments demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(7): 27–34, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10249
Effects of crystallinity on dielectric properties of poly(L‐lactide)
Authors: Hikosaka Saki , Ishikawa Hiroto , Ohki Yoshimichi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPoly(L‐lactide) is attracting much attention as a biodegradable polymer. In this paper, effects of crystallinity on dielectric properties of PLLA are discussed. At 80 $C, which is above the glass transition temperature (= about 60 °C), the conductivity increases with a decrease in crystallinity. A thermally stimulated polarization current (TSPC) peak, which seems to be due to segmental‐mode relaxation, appears in all the samples at temperatures around 65 to 70 °C, and it becomes smaller as the crystallinity increases. All the samples show two thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) peaks at around 65 °C and around 90 to 100 °C. The lower‐temperature peak seems to be due to the segmental‐mode relaxation, and the other due to the normal‐mode relaxation. Moreover, all the samples show a drastic increase in the real part of the complex permittivity ($\varepsilon_{\hbox{r}}^{\prime}$) and a peak in its imaginary part (ϵr.) at frequencies from 10−1 to 104 Hz, depending on the measurement temperature. The crystallinity dependencies of the two parts are similar to those of the TSPC and TSDC peaks at around 65 to 70 °C. Therefore, the increase in $\varepsilon_{\hbox{r}}^{\prime}$ and the peak in $\varepsilon_{\hbox{r}}^{\prime\prime}$ are ascribable to the segmental‐mode relaxation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(7): 1–8, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10348
Effects of RANKL on the thymic medulla
Authors: Ohigashi Izumi , Nitta Takeshi , Lkhagvasuren Enkhsaikhan , Yasuda Hisataka , Takahama Yousuke 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe thymic medulla provides a microenvironment where medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) contribute to the establishment of self‐tolerance by the deletion of self‐reactive T cells and the generation of regulatory T cells. The progression of thymocyte development critically regulates the optimum formation of the thymic medulla, as discussed in this article. Of note, it was recently identified that RANKL produced by positively selected thymocytes plays a major role in the thymocyte‐mediated medulla formation. Indeed, transgenic expression of soluble RANKL increased the number of mTECs and enlarged the thymic medulla in mice. The effects of RANKL on the thymic medulla may be useful for the engineering of self‐tolerance in T cells.