bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of new superhydrophobic nanosilica and investigation of their performance in reinforcement of polysiloxane
Authors: Fang XianLi , Huang Xu , Lu Zhen , Chen Li , Chen Su 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe reported a new facile method to synthesize superhydrophobic nanosilica using glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and dodecylamine as treatment agents. Also, we systemically investigate their performance in reinforcement of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) rubber. Fourier transform infrared spectrum, contact angle (CA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements were used to characterize the modified nanosilica. Results show that the inherent hydrophilicity of parent nanosilica surface can be greatly altered through this modification method. The CA of as‐prepared superhydrophobic nanosilica can reach 160.2°. The properties of as‐prepared modified nanosilica‐filled PDMS composites were systemically investigated by dynamic rheological test, scanning electron microscopy, TGA, dynamic mechanical analysis. These as‐prepared superhydrophobic nanosilica exhibit uniform dispersion in the PDMS matrix, and their composites also show good mechanical properties and distinct advantage on thermal stability compared with those of the pure silica‐filled PDMS composites. Also described is the probable mechanism for the reinforcement of as‐prepared superhydrophobic nanosilica‐filled PDMS. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1628–1636, 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Telomeres and the ageing process
Authors: Woo Jean , Suen Eddie , Tang Nelson LS 
Published: February 2010

SummaryTelomere length is a reflection of cumulative oxidative and inflammatory stress throughout the life course, as well as oestrogen exposure. There is evidence that telomere length is associated with lifespan; however, it does not appear to be a better indicator of biological age than chronological age, even though it can be considered a biomarker of ageing. There are studies showing association between leukocyte telomere length and many of the common diseases of ageing, lifestyle factors and socioeconomic status. However, the associations are less marked among older people. Research in the area of manipulation of genetic control of telomerase activity controlling telomere length may have clinical applications in future.
Effects of Foliar Fungicide and Insecticide Applications on Soybean in Ohio
Authors: Dorrance A. E. , Cruz C. , Mills D. , Bender R. , Koenig M. , LaBarge G. , Leeds R. , Mangione D. , McCluer G. , Ruhl S. , Siegrist H. , Sundermeier A. , Sonnenberg D. , Yost J. , Watters H. , Wilson G. , Hammond R. B. 
Published: February 2010

Mid-season applications of Quadris with and without Warrior insecticide were evaluated in 2004 and 2005, and Headline, Folicur, Domark, or Headline plus Folicur were evaluated in 2006, 2007, and 2008 in 37 farm scale studies in Ohio. Producer cooperators selected fields, applied treatments at growth stage R3 and harvested fields. Each trial was rated at growth stage R5 or R6 for incidence and severity of brown spot and frogeye leaf spot. Aphids and foliar disease incidence was low in 2004. Soybean aphids were counted at stage R5 in 2005. Brown spot severity was reduced significantly by Headline in seven of the 13 locations. In the absence of soybean aphid, a single application of fungicide(s) increased yield significantly in only six of the 28 locations, of which only three had yield increases greater than 4.2 bu/acre. Populations of soybean aphids were high during 2005 at nine locations, and an insecticide application increased yield significantly at eight locations. These data indicated that foliar diseases and aphids contribute to yield loss in soybeans. However, more studies are required to determine action thresholds for brown spot and frogeye leaf spot. Accepted for publication 14 October 2010. Published 22 January 2010.
Hypertension 2008—Awareness, Understanding, and Treatment of Previously Diagnosed Hypertension in Baby Boomers and Seniors: A Survey Conducted by Harris Interactive on Behalf of the Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association
Authors: Miller Nancy H. , Berra Kathy , Long Janet 
Published: February 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).A Harris Interactive survey of 1548 hypertensive persons aged 44 and older confirms the findings of previous studies that showed suboptimal rates of adherence to medication and lifestyle regimens to lower blood pressure, despite a high level of awareness of the health consequences of uncontrolled blood pressure. When the study population was analyzed by age group (baby boomers, ages 44 to 62 years, and seniors, ages ≥63 years), nonadherence was greater in the baby boomer cohort, which nevertheless had a higher level of concern than the seniors. Poor communication between patients and health care providers contributes to nonadherence to treatment regimens. Patients’ age plays an important role in their attitudes and behaviors regarding illness and treatment as well as their preferences as to the types of educational materials they would find helpful and the ways those materials can best be delivered. Because of the growing population of baby boomers further studies are warranted to evaluate attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors concerning the identification and treatment of hypertension.
Dynamic Distribution of SeqA Protein across the Chromosome of Escherichia coli K-12
Authors: Sánchez-Romero María Antonia , Busby Stephen J. W. , Dyer Nigel P. , Ott Sascha , Millard Andrew D. , Grainger David C. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

The bacterial SeqA protein binds to hemi-methylated GATC sequences that arise in newly synthesized DNA upon passage of the replication machinery. In
Escherichia coli
K-12, the single replication origin
oriC
is a well-characterized target for SeqA, which binds to multiple hemi-methylated GATC sequences immediately after replication has initiated. This sequesters
oriC
, thereby preventing reinitiation of replication. However, the genome-wide DNA binding properties of SeqA are unknown, and hence, here, we describe a study of the binding of SeqA across the entire
Escherichia coli
K-12 chromosome, using chromatin immunoprecipitation in combination with DNA microarrays. Our data show that SeqA binding correlates with the frequency and spacing of GATC sequences across the entire genome. Less SeqA is found in highly transcribed regions, as well as in the
ter
macrodomain. Using synchronized cultures, we show that SeqA distribution differs with the cell cycle. SeqA remains bound to some targets after replication has ceased, and these targets locate to genes encoding factors involved in nucleotide metabolism, chromosome replication, and methyl transfer.

IMPORTANCE
DNA replication in bacteria is a highly regulated process. In many bacteria, a protein called SeqA plays a key role by binding to newly replicated DNA. Thus, at the origin of DNA replication, SeqA binding blocks premature reinitiation of replication rounds. Although most investigators have focused on the role of SeqA at replication origins, it has long been suspected that SeqA has a more pervasive role. In this study, we describe how we have been able to identify scores of targets, across the entire
Escherichia coli
chromosome, to which SeqA binds. Using synchronously growing cells, we show that the distribution of SeqA between these targets alters as replication of the chromosome progresses. This suggests that sequential changes in SeqA distribution orchestrate a program of gene expression that ensures coordinated DNA replication and cell division.
Density-equalizing mapping and scientometric benchmarking of European allergy research
Authors: Scutaru Cristian , Quarcoo David , Sakr Mohannad , Shami Awfa , Al-Mutawakel Khaled , Vitzthum Karin , Fischer Tanja C , Zuberbier Torsten , Groneberg-Kloft Beatrix 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Due to the great socioeconomic burden of allergic diseases, research in this field which is important for environmental medicine is currently increasing. Therefore the European Union has initiated the Global Allergy and Asthma European network (GA2LEN). However, despite increasing research in the past years detailed scientometric analyses have not been conducted so far. This study is the first scientometric analysis in a field of growing interest. It analyses scientific contributions in European allergy research between 2001 and 2007. Three different meetings of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology were analysed for contributions and an increase in both the amount of research and networks was found.
Effects of Microwave Radiation on Proteins Coexisting with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Horiguchi Hirokazu , Ohe Haruko , Kato Ken , Sano Masahito 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Microwave (MW) radiation is known to heat carbon nanotubes (CNTs) very efficiently. The maximum allowable MW irradiance to avoid proteins from denaturing was determined. The MW irradiance of 100–300 J was sufficient to denature a recognizable amount of hemoglobin with CNTs, but the same irradiance had no effect without CNTs. Additionally, CNT under MW radiation was found to accelerate reduction of ferric cytochrome c.
Unusual Phase Inversion Behavior in an Emulsion Polymerization System Caused by Ammonia
Authors: Liu Mingxian , Gan Lihua , Xu Zijie , Chen Longwu , Hu Jun , Liu Honglai 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Porous carbon with pores and porewalls was prepared by the polymerization of an O/W emulsion of Span 80-Tween 80/1iquid paraffin/water–resorcinol–formaldehyde (R/F) with NaOH. However, a different kind of carbon material which comprises spherical or intertwined worm-like particles was fabricated by using ammonia as the catalyst. Inferential evidence indicates that the O/W emulsion undergoes a phase inversion caused by ammonia; whether the phase inversion leading to a W/O emulsion or a transition structure depends on the R/F concentration within the aqueous phase.
Clustering of Trauma and Associations with Single and Co-Occurring Depression and Panic Attack over Twenty Years
Authors: McCutcheon Vivia V. , Heath Andrew C. , Nelson Elliot C. , Bucholz Kathleen. K. , Madden Pamela A. F. , Martin Nicholas G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIndividuals who experience one type of trauma often experience other types, yet few studies have examined the clustering of trauma. This study examines the clustering of traumatic events and associations of trauma with risk for single and co-occurring major depressive disorder (MDD) and panic attack for 20 years after first trauma. Lifetime histories of MDD, panic attack, and traumatic events were obtained from participants in an Australian twin sample. Latent class analysis was used to derive trauma classes based on each respondent's trauma history. Associations of the resulting classes and of parental alcohol problems and familial effects with risk for a first onset of single and co-occurring MDD and panic attack were examined from the year of first trauma to 20 years later. Traumatic events clustered into three distinct classes characterized by endorsement of little or no trauma, primarily nonassaultive, and primarily assaultive events. Individuals in the assaultive class were characterized by a younger age at first trauma, a greater number of traumatic events, and high rates of parental alcohol problems. Members of the assaultive trauma class had the strongest and most enduring risk for single and co-occurring lifetime MDD and panic attack. Assaultive trauma outweighed associations of familial effects and nonassaultive trauma with risk for 10 years following first trauma.
Engineered Light Scattering in Colloidal Photonic Heterocrystals
Authors: Ding Boyang , Bardosova Maria , Povey Ian , Pemble Martyn E. , Romanov Sergei G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPhotonic heterocrystals are prepared by sandwiching films of self‐assembled opal and force‐assembled Langmuir–Blodgett colloidal crystals. Anomalously strong light scattering in conjunction with low reflectivity is observed with increasing angle of incidence in the spectral range of photonic bandgaps. The occurrence of light scattering at the interface has been assigned to the optical mode mismatch between the two types of photonic crystals. Photonic bandgap‐related mechanisms of trapping the decaying photonic crystal modes at the interface are suggested.
Laser‐Induced Rapid Carbon Nanotube Micro‐Actuators
Authors: Lim Zhi Han , Sow Chorng‐Haur 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLaser‐induced rapid actuating microstructures made of aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays are achieved. Desirable operational features of the CNT micro‐actuators include low laser power activation, rapid response, elastic and reversible motion, and robust durability. Experimental evidence suggests a laser‐induced electrostatic interaction mechanism as the primary cause of the optomechanical phenomenon. Oscillating CNT micro‐actuators up to 40 kHz are achieved by driving them with a modulated laser beam. The micro‐actuators are utilized in exerting a sub‐micro‐Newton force to bend nanowires. Electrical coupling of the micro‐actuator and feasibilities of multi‐actuator systems made entirely out of CNTs are also demonstrated.
Monoliths as suitable catalysts for reverse‐flow combustors: Modeling and experimental validation
Authors: Marín Pablo , Ordóñez Salvador , Díez Fernando V. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe performance of a bench‐scale monolithic reverse‐flow reactor (RFR) for methane combustion has been experimentally studied in this work. The influence of the different operating parameters, such as total gas flow rate (2.5 × 10−4–5 × 10−4 m3 s−1 (STP)), methane inlet concentration (1000–5500 ppm), and switching time (300–900 s) on the reactor performance (outlet conversion and stability), has been experimentally determined. The validation of a heterogeneous one‐dimensional dynamic model for monolithic beds with the obtained experimental data allows the use of this model to simulate the behavior of industrial‐scale reactors. In the second part of the work, a systematic comparison of particulate and monolithic RFRs is carried out through design curves. Reactor length for 99% outlet conversion and the corresponding pressure drop is determined for varying operating conditions (surface velocity and inlet methane concentration). © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Limited genetic covariance between autistic traits and intelligence: Findings from a longitudinal twin study
Authors: Hoekstra Rosa A. , Happé Francesca , Baron‐Cohen Simon , Ronald Angelica 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIntellectual disability is common in individuals with autism spectrum conditions. However, the strength of the association between both conditions and its relevance to finding the underlying (genetic) causes of autism is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between autistic traits and intelligence in a general population twin sample and to examine the etiology of this association. Parental ratings of autistic traits and performance on intelligence tests were collected in a sample of 8,848 twin pairs when the children were 7/8, 9, and 12 years old. Phenotypic and longitudinal correlations in the sample as a whole were compared to the associations in the most extreme scoring 5% of the population. The genetic and environmental influences on the overlap between autistic traits and IQ and on the stability of this relationship over time were estimated using structural equation modeling. Autistic traits were modestly negatively correlated to intellectual ability, both in the extreme scoring groups and among the full‐range scores. The correlation was stable over time and was mainly explained by autistic trait items assessing communication difficulties. Genetic model fitting showed that autistic traits and IQ were influenced by a common set of genes and a common set of environmental influences that continuously affect these traits throughout childhood. The genetic correlation between autistic traits and IQ was only modest. These findings suggest that individual differences in autistic traits are substantially genetically independent of intellectual functioning. The relevance of these findings to future studies is discussed. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lactational programming? mother's milk energy predicts infant behavior and temperament in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Hinde Katie , Capitanio John P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThere are many aspects of “mothering” that may provide information to the mammalian infant about environmental conditions during critical periods of development. One essential element of mothering involves the quantity and quality of milk that mothers provide for their infants, but little is known about the consequences of variation in milk production. Mother's milk may affect infant behavior by contributing to brain development and to the development of behavioral dispositions. Here we present the first evidence for any mammal that natural variation in available milk energy (AME) from the mother is associated with later variation in infant behavior and temperament in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta,N=59). In the early postnatal period, heavier mothers with more reproductive experience produced greater AME, which is the product of milk energy density (kcal/g) and milk yield (g). Moreover, infants whose mothers produced greater AME in the early postnatal period showed higher activity levels and greater confidence in a stressful setting later in infancy. Our results suggest that the milk energy available soon after birth may be a nutritional cue that calibrates the infant's behavior to environmental or maternal conditions. These data provide new insight into potential mechanisms for the development of behavior and temperament and illuminate new directions for investigating maternal effects, nutritional programming, and developmental plasticity. Am. J. Primatol. 72:522–529, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Higher order structure of short collagen model peptides attached to dendrimers and linear polymers
Authors: Suehiro Tomoyuki , Kojima Chie , Tsumura Sayako , Harada Atsushi , Kono Kenji 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCollagen, which is used as a biomaterial, is the most abundant protein in mammals. We have previously reported that a dendrimer modified with collagen model peptides, (Gly‐Pro‐Pro)5, formed a collagen‐like triple‐helical structure, showing thermal reversibility. In this study, various collagen‐mimic dendrimers of different generations and at different binding ratios were synthesized, to investigate the relationship between the peptide clustering effect and the higher order structure formation. The formation of the higher order structure was influenced by the binding ratios of the peptide to the dendrimer, but was not influenced by the dendrimer generation. A spacer, placed between the dendrimer terminal group and the peptide, negatively contributed to the formation of the higher order structure. The collagen model peptides were also attached to poly(allylamine) (PAA) and poly‐L‐lysine (poly(Lys)) to compare them with the collagen‐mimic dendrimers. The PAA‐based collagen‐mimic compound, bearing more collagen model peptides than the dendrimer, exhibited a thermally stable higher order structure. In contrast, this was not observed for the collagen‐mimic polymers based on poly(Lys). Therefore, dendrimers and vinyl polymers act as a scaffold for collagen model peptides and subsequently induce higher order structures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 640–648, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Novel Preparation and Properties of Microspheres involving a Hydrocarbon‐Perfluorocarbon Solvent Extraction Process
Authors: Heiskanen H. , Denifl P. , Hurme M. , Pitkänen P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMicrospheres were prepared using a hydrocarbon‐perfluorocarbon solvent extraction process. The effects of solidification conditions on the properties of the microspheres were investigated. The emulsion flow velocity into the solidification vessel was found to have the greatest effect on the final particle size. Smaller particles were formed when the emulsion flow velocity into the solidification vessel was increased. However, mixing conditions during the solidification and the solidification temperature were also found to greatly affect the particle size of the microspheres. The initial droplet size distribution, created in the emulsification step, changed during the solidification phase, which happened partly because the emulsion stability was poor. Increasing the stirrer speed in the solidification vessel led to the production of smaller particles. At higher temperatures, larger particles were formed due, in part, to the particles forming hollow cores. Solidification conditions also strongly affected the compactness of the particles. More compact particles were produced at 10 °C than at higher temperatures, i.e., 50 °C and 90 °C, where hollow particles were mainly produced. More compact particles were produced at 50 °C when toluene was added to the PFC used in the solidification step. This result was attributed to the slower mass transfer of toluene from the solidifying droplets into the continuous phase.
Freeze Concentration of Black Currant Juice
Authors: Dette S. S. , Jansen H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFreeze concentration is a method used to remove pure water from juice, wine, or beer by means of crystallization. The closed and fully filled liquid system completely preserves the quality of the fresh juice while operating at subzero Celsius temperatures. The aroma (including the volatile aroma that characterizes freshly squeezed juice), color, and flavor remain in the concentrated juice. Another advantage of this proven technology is the low operating temperature used that allows concentration of heat sensitive products such as black currant juice. The quality of freeze concentrated products cannot be achieved by any other technology. The solid concentration of the freeze concentrated black currant juice was increased to 39 Degrees Brix (Bx). It will be shown that the quality of this juice is equal to that of the fresh juice in all aspects. None of the aroma or fruitiness is lost.
Octakis(3‐azidopropyl)octasilsesquioxane: A Versatile Nanobuilding Block for the Efficient Preparation of Highly Functionalized Cube‐Octameric Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxane Frameworks Through Click Assembly
Authors: Trastoy Beatriz , Pérez‐Ojeda M. Eugenia , Sastre Roberto , Chiara Jose Luis 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA one‐step synthesis of octakis(3‐azidopropyl)octasilsesquioxane from commercially available octakis(3‐aminopropyl)octasilsesquioxane has been developed through a highly efficient diazo‐transfer reaction under very mild conditions. Nonaflyl azide is shown to be a safer, cheaper, and more efficient reagent for this transformation than the better known and generally used diazo‐transfer reagent triflyl azide. Octakis(3‐azidopropyl)octasilsesquioxane is an excellent nanobuilding block that can be readily octafunctionalized with a range of terminal alkynes by copper(I)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar azide–alkyne cycloaddition to provide new functional nanocages, maintaining a perfect 3D cubic symmetry. The mildness, simplicity, and efficiency of this approach have been demonstrated in the preparation of a glyco‐polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) conjugate and a BODIPY–POSS cluster (BODIPY=boron dipyrromethene).