bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density estimation in a wolverine population using spatial capture–recapture models
Authors: Royle J. Andrew , Magoun Audrey J. , Gardner Beth , Valkenburg Patrick , Lowell Richard E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractClassical closed‐population capture–recapture models do not accommodate the spatial information inherent in encounter history data obtained from camera‐trapping studies. As a result, individual heterogeneity in encounter probability is induced, and it is not possible to estimate density objectively because trap arrays do not have a well‐defined sample area. We applied newly‐developed, capture–recapture models that accommodate the spatial attribute inherent in capture–recapture data to a population of wolverines (Gulo gulo) in Southeast Alaska in 2008. We used camera‐trapping data collected from 37 cameras in a 2,140‐km2area of forested and open habitats largely enclosed by ocean and glacial icefields. We detected 21 unique individuals 115 times. Wolverines exhibited a strong positive trap response, with an increased tendency to revisit previously visited traps. Under the trap‐response model, we estimated wolverine density at 9.7 individuals/1,000 km2(95% Bayesian CI: 5.9–15.0). Our model provides a formal statistical framework for estimating density from wolverine camera‐trapping studies that accounts for a behavioral response due to baited traps. Further, our model‐based estimator does not have strict requirements about the spatial configuration of traps or length of trapping sessions, providing considerable operational flexibility in the development of field studies. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Comparison of methods for estimating density of forest songbirds from point counts
Authors: Reidy Jennifer L. , Thompson Frank R. , Bailey J. Wesley 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNew analytical methods have been promoted for estimating the probability of detection and density of birds from count data but few studies have compared these methods using real data. We compared estimates of detection probability and density from distance and time‐removal models and survey protocols based on 5‐ or 10‐min counts and outer radii of 50 or 100 m. We surveyed singing male Acadian flycatchers (Empidonax virescens), cerulean warblers (Dendroica cerulea), Kentucky warblers (Oporornis formosus), Louisiana waterthrushes (Parkesia motacilla), wood thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina), and worm‐eating warblers (Helmitheros vermivorum) in bottomland and upland forest across 5 states in the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region during the breeding season in 2007 and 2008. Detection probabilities differed between distance and time‐removal models and species detectabilities were affected differently by year, forest type, and state. Density estimates from distance models were generally higher than from time‐removal models, resulting from lower detection probabilities estimated by distance models. We found support for individual heterogeneity (modeled as a finite mixture model) in the time‐removal models and that 50‐m radius counts generated density estimates approximately twice as high as 100‐m radius counts. Users should be aware that in addition to estimating different components of detectability, density estimates derived from distance and time‐removal models can be affected by survey protocol because some count durations and plot radii may better meet model assumptions than others. The choice of a method may not affect the use of estimates for relative comparisons (e.g., when comparing habitats) but could affect conclusions when used to estimate population size. We recommend careful consideration of assumptions when deciding on point‐count protocol and selection of analysis methods. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Coyote capture vulnerability relative to space use and trap density
Authors: Wilson Ryan R. , Young Julie K. , Shivik John A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCoyotes (Canis latrans) are reported to be less vulnerable to capture in familiar areas of territories, however, most studies do not control for trap density across the territory. We determined if accounting for trap density provided a better explanation of observed capture rates. Based on a sample of 24 captured coyotes (6 inside core areas and 18 on peripheries of occupied areas) the best fitting model describing capture location only accounted for trap density and not relative time spent in each region. Our results suggest that coyote capture rates are a function of trap density in an area and not novelty avoidance. Placing traps in core areas of territories can increase the probability of capturing individuals from specific territories to increase the effectiveness of management or research activities. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Good prognosis of localized osteosarcoma in young patients treated with limb‐salvage surgery and chemotherapy
Authors: Hegyi Marta , Semsei Agnes F. , Jakab Zsuzsanna , Antal Imre , Kiss Janos , Szendroi Miklos , Csoka Monika , Kovacs Gabor 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this report was to estimate long‐term outcome and prognostic factors in children and adolescents with osteosarcoma. A large group of osteosarcoma patients were analyzed at our national oncology center.ProcedureTo evaluate the efficacy of surgery and multiagent chemotherapy for treating osteosarcoma, we reviewed 122 cases (65 male, 57 female, mean age 13.8 ± 3.6 years) treated at the Second Department of Pediatrics in Budapest between 1988 and 2006. Demographic parameters, tumor‐related and treatment‐related variables, response, overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) were analyzed.ResultsThe 5‐year OS was 68% and 5‐year EFS was 62%. OS of patients without metastasis was 79%, while OS with early metastasis was 17%. Survival of patients with amputation (n = 30) was not significantly different from patients with limb‐salvage surgery (n = 82), but all patients without radical surgery died. Gender and histological classification had no prognostic significance. Patients with localized tumors in extremities had increased survival compared to patients with axial skeleton tumors (P = 0.013). Poor histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (rate of survivor tumor cells >10%) was associated with decreased survival (P = 0.018). Patients under 14 years had better EFS than patients over 14 years (P = 0.008).ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that younger patients with localized osteosarcoma of the extremities who receive limb‐salvage surgery and chemotherapy have an excellent survival. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 415–422. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystallographic study of red fluorescent protein eqFP578 and its far‐red variant Katushka reveals opposite pH‐induced isomerization of chromophore
Authors: Pletneva Nadya V. , Pletnev Vladimir Z. , Shemiakina Irina I. , Chudakov Dmitriy M. , Artemyev Igor , Wlodawer Alexander , Dauter Zbigniew , Pletnev Sergei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe wild type red fluorescent protein eqFP578 (from sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor, λex = 552 nm, λem = 578 nm) and its bright far‐red fluorescent variant Katushka (λex = 588 nm, λem = 635 nm) are characterized by the pronounced pH dependence of their fluorescence. The crystal structures of eqFP578f (eqFP578 with two point mutations improving the protein folding) and Katushka have been determined at the resolution ranging from 1.15 to 1.85 Å at two pH values, corresponding to low and high level of fluorescence. The observed extinguishing of fluorescence upon reducing pH in eqFP578f and Katushka has been shown to be accompanied by the opposite trans‐cis and cis‐trans chromophore isomerization, respectively. Asn143, Ser158, His197 and Ser143, Leu174, and Arg197 have been shown to stabilize the respective trans and cis fluorescent states of the chromophores in eqFP578f and Katushka at higher pH. The cis state has been suggested as being primarily responsible for the observed far‐red shift of the emission maximum of Katushka relative to that of eqFP578f.
Surgical and pathological outcomes after right hemicolectomy: case‐matched study comparing robotic and open surgery
Authors: Luca Fabrizio , Ghezzi Tiago Leal , Valvo Manuela , Cenciarelli Sabina , Pozzi Simonetta , Radice Davide , Crosta Cristiano , Biffi Roberto 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the surgical and pathological outcomes of patients with right‐sided colon cancers operated on by means of open and robotic surgery with extracorporeal anastomosis.MethodsThirty‐three consecutive patients who underwent robotic right hemicolectomy due to right‐sided colon cancer were retrospectively well matched with 102 patients operated on by the open approach. Data were included in a prospectively maintained database.ResultsMean operative time was longer in the robotic group (P < 0.001), 191.7 min (134–250) versus 136.2 (45–240) min in the open group. Estimated intraoperative blood loss was less in the robotic group, which presented a mean of 6.1 ml versus 94.8 ml in the open group (P < 0.001). Despite the similar length of the surgical specimen and number of lymph nodes retrieved between both groups, 15 or more lymph nodes were found in the specimen in 90 out of 102 patients (88.2%) operated on by the open technique versus 33 out of 33 patients (100%) who underwent robotic hemicolectomy (P = 0.038). The median length of postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the robotic group, 5 versus 8 days (P < 0.001). No other statistically significant difference was observed in terms of pathological and postoperative results.ConclusionsRobotic right hemicolectomy is an oncologically safe and effective procedure. The number of lymph nodes retrieved in the robotic group compared with the open group of our series was more homogeneous, and none of the patients operated on with this technique had a suboptimal lymphadenectomy. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm current evidence and determine whether this can influence the prognosis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of pattern fabrication model using near‐field photolithography
Authors: Yang Ching‐Been 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study established a pattern fabrication model for near‐field photolithography (NFP) and conducted pattern fabrication and analysis to understand the process of NFP. This study proposed that exposure energy density can accumulate when two exposure beams overlap. We also presented a method to analyze the exposure energy density of patterns and an error function derived from the results of the exposure energy simulation and the maximum exposure energy density. Using the Levenberg–Marquardt method and a reasonable convergence criterion, the exposure interval of two line segments for optimum pattern flatness was obtained. A simulation of the pattern fabrication model showed that when the exposure interval S = 1.66ρ0, optimum flatness could be obtained. The results of this study have potential for industrial application in fabrication of micro‐ and nano‐scale channels. SCANNING 33: 222–232, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving the power of chronic disease surveillance by incorporating residential history
Authors: Manjourides Justin , Pagano Marcello 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe present a global test for disease clustering with power to identify disturbances from the null population distribution which accounts for the lag time between the date of exposure and the date of diagnosis. Location at diagnosis is often used as a surrogate for the location of exposure; however, the causative exposure could have occurred at a previous address in a case's residential history. We incorporate models for the incubation distribution of a disease to weight each address into the residential history by the corresponding probability of the exposure occurring at that address. We then introduce a test statistic which uses these incubation‐weighted addresses to test for a difference between the spatial distribution of the cases and the spatial distribution of the controls, or the background population. We follow the construction of theMstatistic to evaluate the significance of these new distance distributions. Our results show that gains in detection power when residential history is accounted for are of such a degree that it might make the qualitative difference between the presence of spatial clustering being detected or not, thus making a strong argument for the inclusion of residential history in the analysis of such data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An exploratory study of software process improvement implementation risks
Authors: Niazi Mahmood 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYSoftware process improvement (SPI) initiatives have been around for many years, yet many companies are still facing SPI implementation problems. The objective of this exploratory research is to gain an in‐depth understanding of risks that can undermine SPI implementation from the perspective of software development practitioners.Interviews were conducted as the main approach of data collection from 34 SPI practitioners. Interviews were recorded and subsequently transcribed. The interview transcripts were systematically scrutinised to identify the major themes for SPI implementation. The identified themes were noted down and compared with the notes made during the interviews to ascertain that the former are indeed a true reflection of the discussion in the interviews. This two‐step process also verified that the transcription process had not changed the original data generated in the interviews.Five SPI risks were identified from the interview data: organisational politics, lack of support, lack of defined SPI implementation methodology, lack of awareness and lack of resources that are generally considered critical by Australian practitioners. The results also reveal the similarities and the differences in the risks identified by different group of practitioners (i.e. developers, managers and senior managers), different type of organisations (i.e. small–medium and large) and organisations with mature and immature software development processes. Practitioners identify SPI risks based on previous SPI implementation experience. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
POET: a scripting language for applying parameterized source‐to‐source program transformations
Authors: Yi Qing 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYWe present POET, a scripting language designed for applying advanced program transformations to code in arbitrary programming languages as well as building ad hoc translators between these languages. We have used POET to support a large number of compiler optimizations, including loop interchange, parallelization, blocking, fusion/fission, strength reduction, scalar replacement, SSE vectorization, among others, and to fully support the code generation of several domain‐specific languages, including automatic tester/timer generation, and automatically translating a finite‐state‐machine‐based behavior modeling language into C++/ Java code. This paper presents key design and implementation decisions of the POET language and show how to use various language features to significantly reduce the difficulty of supporting programmable compiler optimization for high performance computing and supporting ad hoc code generation for various domain‐specific languages. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laboratory materials: Affordances or constraints?
Authors: Jordan Rebecca C. , Ruibal‐Villasenor Maria , Hmelo‐Silver Cindy E. , Etkina Eugenia 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLaboratory instruction is critical to the understanding of biology and is a central piece of biological sciences instruction. Although much investigation has focused on the content of biology laboratory exercises, we contend that understanding the extent to which the laboratory materials can aid or limit experimental investigation is of equal importance. In this study, therefore, we investigate the role of timing and availability of laboratory equipment in the context of two different laboratory exercises. We use both case study and an experimental approach to investigate how laboratory materials guide the planning, context, creativity, and timing of ideas shared among students. Our data support the notion that providing students with laboratory equipment before students plan and consider different experimental approaches can constrain students' ideas and encourage tool‐focused solutions to experimental design tasks. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 1010–1025, 2011
Rwandan Surgical and Anesthesia Infrastructure: A Survey of District Hospitals
Authors: Notrica Michelle R. , Evans Faye M. , Knowlton Lisa Marie , Kelly McQueen K. A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundIn low‐income countries, unmet surgical needs lead to a high incidence of death. Information on the incidence and safety of current surgical care in low‐income countries is limited by the paucity of data in the literature. The aim of this survey was to assess the surgical and anesthesia infrastructure in Rwanda as part of a larger study examining surgical and anesthesia capacity in low‐income African countries.MethodsA comprehensive survey tool was developed to assess the physical infrastructure of operative facilities, education and training for surgical and anesthesia providers, and equipment and medications at district‐level hospitals in sub‐Saharan Africa. The survey was administered at 21 district hospitals in Rwanda using convenience sampling.ResultsThere are only nine Rwandan anesthesiologists and 17 Rwandan surgeons providing surgical care for a population of more than 10 million. The specialty‐trained Rwandan surgeons and anesthesiologists are practicing almost exclusively at referral hospitals, leaving surgical care at district hospitals to the general practice physicians and nurses. All of the district hospitals reported some lack of surgical infrastructure including limited access to oxygen, anesthesia equipment and medications, monitoring equipment, and trained personnel.ConclusionsThis survey provides strong evidence of the need for continued development of emergency and essential surgical services at district hospitals in Rwanda to improve health care and to comply with World Health Organization recommendations. It has identified serious deficiencies in both financial and human resources—areas where the international community can play a role.
Identification and Ruminal Outflow of Long‐Chain Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation Intermediates in Cows Fed Diets Containing Fish Oil
Authors: Kairenius Piia , Toivonen Vesa , Shingfield Kevin J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe abundance of 20‐ to 24‐carbon fatty acids in omasal digesta of cows fed grass silage‐based diets supplemented with 0 (Control) and 250 g/day of fish oil (FO) was examined to investigate the fate of long‐chain unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen. Complimentary argentation thin‐layer chromatography and gas‐chromatography mass‐spectrometry analysis of fatty acid methyl esters and corresponding 4,4‐dimethyloxazoline derivatives prepared from fish oil and omasal digesta enabled the structure of novel 20‐ to 22‐carbon fatty acids to be elucidated. Compared with the Control, the FO treatment resulted in the formation and accumulation of 27 novel 20‐ and 22‐carbon biohydrogenation intermediates containing at least one trans double bond and the appearance of cis‐14 20:1, 20:2n‐3, 21:4n‐3 and 22:3n‐6 not contained in fish oil. No conjugated ≥20‐carbon fatty acids were detected in Control or FO digesta. In conclusion, fish oil in the diet results in the formation of numerous long‐chain biohydrogenation intermediates in the rumen of lactating cows. Comparison of the intake and flow of 20‐, 21‐ and 22‐carbon fatty acids at the omasum in cows fed the Control and FO treatments suggests that the first committed steps of 20:5n‐3, 21:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 hydrogenation in the rumen involve the reduction and/or isomerisation of double bonds closest to the carboxyl group.
Failure to deliver? Linking online order fulfillment glitches with future purchase behavior
Authors: Rao Shashank , Griffis Stanley E. , Goldsby Thomas J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study investigates operations failures in online retailing. Specifically, it examines the relationship between an operations glitch (order fulfillment delay) and subsequent shopping behavior for previously loyal customers in an online retailing environment. Using archival data from a moderate‐sized online retailer of printed material, this study employs expectancy disconfirmation and distributive justice theories to empirically show that adverse post‐glitch reactions are seen in several dimensions of customer shopping behavior – order frequency and order size decrease, while customer anxiety level increases. The study thus demonstrates that online retailers need to deliver on order fulfillment promises, since a failure to live up to these promises can be detrimental. This study is unique in that, unlike previous studies on order fulfillment in online retailing investigating the tie between fulfillment success and future behavior, we examine the repercussions of order fulfillment failures upon future purchase behavior.
How different is professional service operations management?
Authors: Lewis Michael A. , Brown Andrew D. 
Published: May 2011

Highlights► Detailed analysis of a legal service partnership is used to explore the distinctive characteristics of professional service operations management. ► We examine customer interactions, service customization, process throughput and variability, professional employee behavior and managerial interventions. ► Professional–client exchange is variably asymmetrical – with significant implications for service package and process design. ► Professional service operations represent a significant opportunity for commoditization. ► Professional status and structures introduce distinctive trade‐offs when seeking greater efficiency and effectiveness.This paper presents detailed analysis of the operational and operations management characteristics of a professional service firm, a legal partnership. An in‐depth study of customer interactions, service customization, process throughput and variability, professional employee behavior and managerial interventions provided the basis for confirmatory and exploratory research. The results suggested a number of refinements to existing conceptualizations of the professional service type operation and indicated areas where professional service operations management should be viewed as highly distinctive. First, professional–client exchange is variably asymmetrical – with significant implications for service package and process design. Second, professional service operations comprise a substantial number of less variable and faster throughput processes – creating a significant opportunity for commoditization. Third, professional status and corresponding organisational structures (e.g. the partnership model) need to be explicitly recognised in any typology – these factors introduce distinctive trade‐offs when seeking greater efficiency and effectiveness.