bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability, construct validity and measurement potential of the ICF comprehensive core set for osteoarthritis
Authors: Kurtaiş Yeşim , Őztuna Derya , Küçükdeveci Ayşe A , Kutlay Şehim , Hafiz Meliha , Tennant Alan 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate the reliability and construct validity of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Comprehensive Core Set for osteoarthritis (OA) in order to test its possible use as a measuring tool for functioning.

Methods
100 patients with OA (84 F, 16 M; mean age 63 yr) completed forms including demographic and clinical information besides the Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36®) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index of Osteoarthritis (WOMAC). The ICF Comprehensive Core Set for OA was filled by health professionals. The internal construct validities of "Body Functions-Body structures" (BF-BS), "Activity" (A), "Participation" (P) and "Environmental Factors" (EF) domains were tested by Rasch analysis and reliability by internal consistency and person separation index (PSI). External construct validity was evaluated by correlating the Rasch transformed scores with SF-36 and WOMAC.

Results
In each scale, some items showing disordered thresholds were rescored, testlets were created to overcome the problem of local dependency and items that did not fit to the Rasch model were deleted. The internal construct validity of the four scales (BF-BS 16 items, A 8 items, P 7 items, EF 13 items) were good [mean item fit (SD) 0.138 (0.921), 0.216 (1.237), 0.759 (0.986) and -0.079 (2.200); person item fit (SD) -0.147 (0.652), -0.241 (0.894), -0.310 (1.187) and -0.491 (1.173) respectively], indicating a single underlying construct for each scale. The scales were free of differential item functioning (DIF) for age, gender, years of education and duration of disease. Reliabilities of the BF-BS, A, P, and EF scales were good with Cronbach's alphas of 0.79, 0.86, 0.88, and 0.83 and PSI's of 0.76, 0.86, 0.87, and 0.71, respectively. Rasch scores of BF-BS, A, and P showed moderate correlations with SF-36 and WOMAC scores where the EF had significant but weak correlations only with SF36-Social Functioning and SF36-Mental Health.

Conclusion
Since the four different scales derived from BF-BS, A, P, and EF components of the ICF core set for OA were shown to be valid and reliable through a combination of Rasch analysis and classical psychometric methods, these might be used as clinical assessment tools.
Factors associated with use of community mental health services by schizophrenia patients using multilevel analysis
Authors: Moreno-Küstner Berta , Mayoral Fermín , Rivas Fabio , Angona Pedro , Requena Javier , García-Herrera José M , Navas Desiree , Moreno Patricia , Serrano-Blanco Antoni , Bellón Juan A 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Persons with schizophrenia and related disorders may be particularly sensitive to a number of determinants of service use, including those related with illness, socio-demographic characteristics and organizational factors. The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with outpatient contacts at community mental health services of patients with schizophrenia or related disorders.

Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed 1097 patients. The main outcome measure was the total number of outpatient consultations during one year. Independent variables were related to socio-demographic, clinical and use of service factors. Data were collected from clinical records.

Results
The multilevel linear regression model explained 46.35% of the variance. Patients with significantly more contacts with ambulatory services were not working and were receiving welfare benefits (p = 0.02), had no formal education (p = 0.02), had a global level of severity of two or three (four being the most severe) (p < 0.001), with one or more inpatient admissions (p < 0.001), and in contact with both types of professional (nurses and psychiatrists) (p < 0.001). The patients with the fewest ambulatory contacts were those with diagnoses of persistent delusional disorders (p = 0.04) and those who were attended by four of the 13 psychiatrists (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
As expected, the variables that explained the use of community service could be viewed as proxies for severity of illness. The most surprising finding, however, was that a group of four psychiatrists was also independently associated with use of ambulatory services by patients with schizophrenia or related disorders. More research is needed to carefully examine how professional support networks interact to affect use of mental health.
CD200-CD200R dysfunction exacerbates microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhang Shi , Wang Xi-Jin , Tian Li-Peng , Pan Jing , Lu Guo-Qiang , Zhang Ying-Jie , Ding Jian-Qing , Chen Sheng-Di 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Increasing evidence suggests that microglial activation may participate in the aetiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). CD200-CD200R signalling has been shown to be critical for restraining microglial activation. We have previously shown that expression of CD200R in monocyte-derived macrophages, induced by various stimuli, is impaired in PD patients, implying an intrinsic abnormality of CD200-CD200R signalling in PD brain. Thus, further in vivo evidence is needed to elucidate the role of malfunction of CD200-CD200R signalling in the pathogenesis of PD.

Methods
6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats were used as an animal model of PD. CD200R-blocking antibody (BAb) was injected into striatum to block the engagement of CD200 and CD200R. The animals were divided into three groups, which were treated with 6-OHDA/Veh (PBS), 6-OHDA/CAb (isotype control antibody) or 6-OHDA/BAb, respectively. Rotational tests and immunohistochemistry were employed to evaluate motor deficits and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in animals from each group. HPLC analysis was used to measure monoamine levels in striatum. Morphological analysis and quantification of CD11b- (or MHC II-) immunoreactive cells were performed to investigate microglial activation and possible neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra (SN). Finally, ELISA was employed to assay protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines.

Results
Compared with 6-OHDA/CAb or 6-OHDA/Veh groups, rats treated with 6-OHDA/BAb showed a significant increase in counts of contralateral rotation and a significant decrease in TH-immunoreactive (TH-ir) neurons in SN. A marked decrease in monoamine levels was also detected in 6-OHDA/BAb-treated rats, in comparison to 6-OHDA/Veh-treated ones. Furthermore, remarkably increased activation of microglia as well as up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines was found concomitant with dopaminergic neurodegeneration in 6-OHDA/BAb-treated rats.

Conclusions
This study shows that deficits in the CD200-CD200R system exacerbate microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a 6-OHDA-induced rat model of PD. Our results suggest that dysfunction of CD200-CD200R signalling may be involved in the aetiopathogenesis of PD.
Effect of additional treatment with EXenatide in patients with an Acute Myocardial Infarction (EXAMI): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Scholte Martijn , Timmers Leo , Bernink Flip JP , Denham Robert N , Beek Aernout M , Kamp Otto , Diamant Michaela , Horrevoets Anton JG , Niessen Hans WM , Chen Weena JY , van Rossum Albert C , van Royen Niels , Doevendans Pieter A , Appelman Yolande 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Myocardial infarction causes irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes and may lead to loss of ventricular function, morbidity and mortality. Infarct size is a major prognostic factor and reduction of infarct size has therefore been an important objective of strategies to improve outcomes. In experimental studies, glucagon-like peptide 1 and exenatide, a long acting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, a novel drug introduced for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, reduced infarct size after myocardial infarction by activating pro-survival pathways and by increasing metabolic efficiency.

Methods
The EXAMI trial is a multi-center, prospective, randomized, placebo controlled trial, designed to evaluate clinical outcome of exenatide infusion on top of standard treatment, in patients with an acute myocardial infarction, successfully treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. A total of 108 patients will be randomized to exenatide (5 μg bolus in 30 minutes followed by continuous infusion of 20 μg/24 h for 72 h) or placebo treatment. The primary end point of the study is myocardial infarct size (measured using magnetic resonance imaging with delayed enhancement at 4 months) as a percentage of the area at risk (measured using T2 weighted images at 3-7 days).

Discussion
If the current study demonstrates cardioprotective effects, exenatide may constitute a novel therapeutic option to reduce infarct size and preserve cardiac function in adjunction to reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01254123
Bacterial and fungal microflora in surgically removed lung cancer samples
Authors: Apostolou Panagiotis , Tsantsaridou Aggeliki , Papasotiriou Ioannis , Toloudi Maria , Chatziioannou Marina , Giamouzis Gregory 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundClinical and experimental data suggest an association between the presence of bacterial and/or fungal infection and the development of different types of cancer, independently of chemotherapy-induced leukopenia. This has also been postulated for the development of lung cancer, however the prevalence and the exact species of the bacteria and fungi implicated, have not yet been described.AimTo determine the presence of bacterial and fungal microflora in surgically extracted samples of patients with lung cancer.Materials and methodsIn this single-center prospective, observational study, tissue samples were surgically extracted from 32 consecutive patients with lung cancer, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to identify the presence of bacteria and fungi strains.ResultsThe analysis of the electrophoresis data pointed out diversity between the samples and the strains that were identified. Mycoplasma strains were identified in all samples. Strains that appeared more often were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mitis and Bacillus strains, followed in descending frequency by Chlamydia, Candida, Listeria, and Haemophilus influenza. In individual patients Legionella pneumophila and Candida tropicalis were detected.ConclusionsA diversity of pathogens could be identified in surgically extracted tissue samples of patients with lung cancer, with mycoplasma strains being present in all samples. These results point to an etiologic role for chronic infection in lung carcinogenesis. Confirmation of these observations and additional studies are needed to further characterize the etiologic role of inflammation in lung carcinogenesis.
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II: European recommendations for the diagnosis and multidisciplinary management of a rare disease
Authors: Scarpa Maurizio , Almássy Zsuzsanna , Beck Michael , Bodamer Olaf , Bruce Iain A , De Meirleir Linda , Guffon Nathalie , Guillén-Navarro Encarna , Hensman Pauline , Jones Simon , Kamin Wolfgang , Kampmann Christoph , Lampe Christina , Lavery Christine A , Leão Teles Elisa , Link Bianca , Lund Allan M , Malm Gunilla , Pitz Susanne , Rothera Michael , Stewart Catherine , Tylki-Szymańska Anna , van der Ploeg Ans , Walker Robert , Zeman Jiri , Wraith James E 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a rare, life-limiting, X-linked recessive disease characterised by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase. Consequent accumulation of glycosaminoglycans leads to pathological changes in multiple body systems. Age at onset, signs and symptoms, and disease progression are heterogeneous, and patients may present with many different manifestations to a wide range of specialists. Expertise in diagnosing and managing MPS II varies widely between countries, and substantial delays between disease onset and diagnosis can occur. In recent years, disease-specific treatments such as enzyme replacement therapy and stem cell transplantation have helped to address the underlying enzyme deficiency in patients with MPS II. However, the multisystem nature of this disorder and the irreversibility of some manifestations mean that most patients require substantial medical support from many different specialists, even if they are receiving treatment. This article presents an overview of how to recognise, diagnose, and care for patients with MPS II. Particular focus is given to the multidisciplinary nature of patient management, which requires input from paediatricians, specialist nurses, otorhinolaryngologists, orthopaedic surgeons, ophthalmologists, cardiologists, pneumologists, anaesthesiologists, neurologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, psychologists, social workers, homecare companies and patient societies.

Take-home message

Expertise in recognising and treating patients with MPS II varies widely between countries. This article presents pan-European recommendations for the diagnosis and management of this life-limiting disease.
Wait-and-See Policy for Clinical Complete Responders After Chemoradiation for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Maas Monique , Beets-Tan Regina G.H. , Lambregts Doenja M.J. , Lammering Guido , Nelemans Patty J. , Engelen Sanne M.E. , van Dam Ronald M. , Jansen Rob L.H. , Sosef Meindert , Leijtens Jeroen W.A. , Hulsewé Karel W.E. , Buijsen Jeroen , Beets Geerard L. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer can result in complete disappearance of tumor and involved nodes. In patients without residual tumor on imaging and endoscopy (clinical complete response [cCR]) a wait-and-see-policy (omission of surgery with follow-up) might be considered instead of surgery. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate feasibility and safety of a wait-and-see policy with strict selection criteria and follow-up. Patients and Methods Patients with a cCR after chemoradiotherapy were prospectively selected for the wait-and-see policy with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endoscopy plus biopsies. Follow-up was performed 3 to 6 monthly and consisted of MRI, endoscopy, and computed tomography scans. A control group of patients with a pathologic complete response (pCR) after surgery was identified from a prospective cohort study. Functional outcome was measured with the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) bowel function questionnaire and Wexner incontinence score. Long-term outcome was estimated by using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results Twenty-one patients with cCR were included in the wait-and-see policy group. Mean follow-up was 25 ± 19 months. One patient developed a local recurrence and had surgery as salvage treatment. The other 20 patients are alive without disease. The control group consisted of 20 patients with a pCR after surgery who had a mean follow-up of 35 ± 23 months. For these patients with a pCR, cumulative probabilities of 2-year disease-free survival and overall survival were 93% and 91%, respectively. Conclusion A wait-and-see policy with strict selection criteria, up-to-date imaging techniques, and follow-up is feasible and results in promising outcome at least as good as that of patients with a pCR after surgery. The proposed selection criteria and follow-up could form the basis for future randomized studies.
The Folklorization of French Farming: Marketing Luxury Wine in the Interwar Years
Authors: Laferté Gilles 
Published: November 2011

Late nineteenth-century tourists looked to nature for beauty, so Burgundy, with its industrial and agricultural landscapes, was perceived as a region of historical interest but not as picturesque. Yet as tourist interests after the Great War encompassed folklore and gastronomy, the region’s image came to be promoted through its food industry. The earlier aristocratic image of its wines was superseded by one of growers engaged in a labor of love. The wine-producing economy became emblematic of Burgundy. Since scenery was a prerequisite of regional identity, it was the vineyard, the theater in which Burgundy’s luxury output was crafted, that came to typify the area.
Fin dix-neuvième, pour les touristes, seuls les sites naturels à l’exclusion des espaces industriels et agricoles constituent des paysages, faisant de la Bourgogne une région historique sans paysage. La rénovation des objets du tourisme après guerre incluant le folklore et la gastronomie permet à la région de se constituer une image valorisant son industrie alimentaire et renverse l’imaginaire aristocratique des vins bourguignons, pour un univers vigneron. La stéréotypisation de la Bourgogne se fait autour de son économie viticole. Le paysage typique élément de la check-list identitaire régionaliste devient viticole, espace productif désormais distinctif comme mise en scène artisanale de la production de luxe.
Marcel Aymé and the Moral Economy of Penury in Occupied France
Authors: Mouré Kenneth 
Published: November 2011

Marcel Aymé paid more attention than any other contemporary French novelist to economic behavior during the Second World War. His war fiction highlights French adaptation to economic hardship, with a particular sensitivity to the moral confusion generated by conflict between state economic regulations and individual economic needs. Aymé was acutely aware of the ambiguities, inequities, vulnerabilities, and compromises of life under the German Occupation. His work shows both the moral conflicts for individuals and the larger failure of Vichy aspirations to establish a new moral order in France. This article draws on Aymé’s fiction as a point of departure to examine economic adaptation to scarcity, community mobilization to protest food shortages during and after the Occupation, and the fears that behaviors adopted during the Occupation would produce a long-term moral decline.
Plus qu’aucun autre romancier de son époque, Marcel Aymé nous offre une vue privilégiée des comportements économiques des Français au cours de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Ses romans et nouvelles ayant pour objet la période de la guerre nous donnent un témoignage précieux sur l’adaptation des Français aux difficultés économiques, et sur les dilemmes moraux provoqués par les contradictions entre les réglementations imposées par l’Etat à des fins de régulation et les besoins particuliers. Aymé était sensible aux ambiguïtés, aux inégalités, aux vulnérabilités et aux compromis que l’Occupation a fait surgir dans la vie quotidienne. Son œuvre montre non seulement les conflits moraux à l’échelle individuelle, mais aussi plus largement l’échec des aspirations plus importantes du régime de Vichy à établir un nouvel ordre moral en France. A partir de la fiction d’Aymé, cet article permet d’étudier les adaptations économiques à la disette, les mobilisations sociales contre les conditions du ravitaillement sous l’Occupation et après celleci, et la crainte que ces différents comportements ne conduisent au déclin moral de la population française.
Antibiotic Prescribing in Ambulatory Pediatrics in the United States
Authors: Hersh Adam L. , Shapiro Daniel J. , Pavia Andrew T. , Shah Samir S. 
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND:
Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for children with conditions for which they provide no benefit, including viral respiratory infections. Broad-spectrum antibiotic use is increasing, which adds unnecessary cost and promotes the development of antibiotic resistance.

OBJECTIVE:
To provide a nationally representative analysis of antibiotic prescribing in ambulatory pediatrics according to antibiotic classes and diagnostic categories and identify factors associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We used the National Ambulatory and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care surveys from 2006 to 2008, which are nationally representative samples of ambulatory care visits in the United States. We estimated the percentage of visits for patients younger than 18 years for whom antibiotics were prescribed according to antibiotic classes, those considered broad-spectrum, and diagnostic categories. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify demographic and clinical factors that were independently associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing.

RESULTS:
Antibiotics were prescribed during 21% of pediatric ambulatory visits; 50% were broad-spectrum, most commonly macrolides. Respiratory conditions accounted for &gt;70% of visits in which both antibiotics and broad-spectrum antibiotics were prescribed. Twenty-three percent of the visits in which antibiotics were prescribed were for respiratory conditions for which antibiotics are not clearly indicated, which accounts for &gt;10 million visits annually. Factors independently associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing included respiratory conditions for which antibiotics are not indicated, younger patients, visits in the South, and private insurance.

CONCLUSIONS:
Broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing in ambulatory pediatrics is extremely common and frequently inappropriate. These findings can inform the development and implementation of antibiotic stewardship efforts in ambulatory care toward the most important geographic regions, diagnostic conditions, and patient populations.
Periosteal Distraction Osteogenesis and Barrier Membrane Application: An Experimental Study in the Rat Calvaria
Authors: Saulacic Nikola , Schaller Benoit , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Buser Daniel , Jaun Pascal , Haeniwa Hideya , Iizuka Tateyuki 
Published: November 2011

Background: Distraction of the periosteum results in the formation of new bone in the gap between the periosteum and the original bone. We postulate that the use of a barrier membrane would be beneficial for new bone formation in periosteal distraction.Methods: To selectively influence the contribution of the periosteum, a distraction plate with perforations was used alone or covered by a collagen barrier membrane. All animals were subjected to a 7‐day latency period and a 10‐day distraction period with a rate of 0.1 mm/day. Four animals per group with or without a barrier membrane were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the end of the distraction. The height of new bone generated relative to the areas bound by the parent bone and the periosteum was determined by histomorphometric methods.Results: New bone was found in all groups. At the periphery of the distraction plate, significant differences in bone height were found between the hinge and the distraction screw for the group without barrier membrane at 2 weeks (0.39 ± 0.19 mm) compared to 4 weeks (0.84 ± 0.44 mm; P = 0.002) and 6 weeks (1.06 ± 0.39 mm; P = 0.004). Differences in maximum bone height with and without a barrier membrane were observed laterally to the distraction plate at 2 weeks (1.22 ± 0.64 versus 0.55 ± 0.14 mm; P = 0.019) and 6 weeks (1.61 ± 0.56 versus 0.73 ± 0.33 mm; P = 0.003) of the consolidation period.Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, the application of a barrier membrane may be considered beneficial for new bone formation induced by periosteal distraction.