bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palaeoenvironmental control on modern forest composition of southwestern Marajó Island, Eastern Amazonia
Authors: do Amaral Dário Dantas , Mantelli Luis Rogério , Rossetti Dilce de Fátima 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study focuses on a forested area from southwestern Marajó Island, mouth of Amazon River, aiming to analyse the relationship between plant composition and the latest Quaternary evolution of a land‐form with palaeochannel morphologies. A floristic survey aiming to characterize the inner and outer palaeochannel areas indicated similar phytossociological parameters. However, a large volume of species was exclusive to only one of these areas. Although the present‐day forest is fairly uniform, a significant variation in floristic composition was recorded according to differences in lithology, topography and hydrology. These were determined by the evolution of the physical environment associated with successive stages of abandonment of a large fluvial drainage system during the latest Pleistocene to Holocene. The results derived from this study indicate that reconstruction of a physical environment is an important parameter to be taken into account before establishing models aiming to explain the distribution of modern plant species in tropical areas.
Nonvolatile Taste Compounds in Cooked Chinese Nanjing Duck Meat Following Postproduction Heat Treatment
Authors: Dai Yan , Chang Hai‐Jun , Cao Shu‐Xia , Liu Deng‐Yong , Xu Xing‐Lian , Zhou Guang‐Hong 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:  Taste‐active compounds, including free amino acids, succinic acid and 5′‐nucleotides, and chemical components including moisture, pH, protein, crude fat, and sodium chloride were evaluated in cooked and packaged Chinese Nanjing ducks following heat treatments including control, 99 °C for 40 min, 108 °C for 20 min, 92 °C microwave followed by water heating, 95 °C for 30 min, 121 °C for 25 min. Heat treatment decreased (P < 0.05) the content of Alamine and moisture and reduced the pH value in muscle, but increased (P < 0.05) the protein and 5′‐nucleotides content. The 99 °C group had a significantly lower crude fat content compared with other groups (P < 0.05). The succinic acid content in the control group was significantly higher than in the 121 °C group (P < 0.05). Groups treated at higher temperatures (108 °C, 121 °C, and microwave) had similar equivalent umami concentrations and 5′‐nucleotides, free amino acids content, as well as the derived bitter and sweet taste components compared with the groups treated at lower temperatures. It can be speculated that these differences account for the enhanced flavor of the meat in the 99 °C, 108 °C, 121 °C, and microwave groups compared with the untreated control. Therefore, heat treatment at lower temperature after packaging may prolong product shelf life without any detrimental effects on taste. The results of this study indicate that it is important to use lower temperatures in this type of food processing. However, it may be possible to modify the primary processing steps to improve the content of umami‐like taste compounds such as 5′‐nucleotides.Practical Application:  Heat treatment of packaged products is an effective method for eradication of microbes, therefore increasing the shelf‐life. However, such treatment can result in major changes in the sensory perception of meat products, particularly the formation of off‐flavors. This study investigated changes in taste‐active compounds in duck meat following a number of types of heat treatment.
Improving Chocolate Flavor in Poor‐Quality Cocoa Almonds by Enzymatic Treatment
Authors: Oliveira Hilana Salete Silva , Mamede Maria Eugênia Oliveira , Góes‐Neto Aristóteles , Koblitz Maria Gabriela Bello 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:  This paper proposes a method to enzymatically treat poor‐quality cocoa almonds (known as “slate”) to ensure the formation of chocolate flavor precursors. The production of flavor precursors improves the quality of these almonds, which are usually responsible for the low quality of the liquor produced. Proteases and carboxypeptidases from different sources were tested under various conditions. The different treatments were evaluated by chemical analysis (hydrolysis efficiency) and sensory analysis of the treated material compared to good‐quality cocoa almonds. The results show that it is possible, through the use of microbial enzymes, to generate the mixture of compounds that will release, after roasting, the characteristic chocolate flavor in poor‐quality almonds. However, it is necessary to optimize the conditions of enzymatic treatment to obtain better results and thus establish a process that can be used for industrial purposes for manufacturing cocoa and chocolate.Practical Application:  The basidiomycete Moniliophtora perniciosa is the causative agent of witches’ broom disease (WBD) of the cocoa tree, whose seeds are the source of chocolate. It is the most important phytopathological problem of cocoa‐producing areas of the American continent, and has decimated the Brazilian cocoa industry. In Bahia (Brazil), M. perniciosa was identified in 1989 and, as a consequence of its spreading, the annual production of cocoa almonds dropped from 450000 to 90000 tons within 12 y, reducing export values from an all‐time high of about US$ 1 billion to 110 million. The high incidence of WBD incapacitates Brazil to produce enough cocoa almonds even for the internal market, leading the country to import low‐quality cocoa almonds mainly from African countries. Our work proposes an enzymatic treatment to increase the quality of that cocoa almonds and, consequently, to improve the quality of the chocolate produced and consumed in the country.
Implantation Ability of the Potential Probiotic Strain, Lactobacillus reuteri PL519, in “Salchichón,” a Traditional Iberian Dry Fermented Sausage
Authors: Ruiz‐Moyano Santiago , Martín Alberto , Benito María José , Aranda Emilio , Casquete Rocío , de Guia Córdoba María 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:  The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of incorporating the probiotic L. reuteri PL519 into the manufacturing of Iberian dry fermented sausages, and to observe its effect on the sensory properties of these meat products. Specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to detect the presence of probiotic strain at high counts in the inoculated sausages. Changes due to probiotic inoculation on physicochemical parameters were determined and the impact on sensory quality evaluated. Dry fermented sausages inoculated with L. reuteri PL519 may be considered as functional products according to the counts of this strain found at the end of processing. Inoculation with L. reuteri PL519 increased the amount of acetic acid, protein, and lipid degradation products in dry fermented sausages. The differences observed in the descriptive sensorial analysis corresponded, however, to a little impact on overall acceptability since no significant changes were found between the control and L. reuteri PL519 batch in the hedonic test.Practical Application:  Processing and marketing of Iberian dry fermented sausages with functional characteristics.
Effect of Ultraviolet and Far Infrared Radiation on Microbial Decontamination and Quality of Cumin Seeds
Authors: Erdoğdu S. Belgin , Ekiz H. İbrahim 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:  Cumin seeds might be exposed to a high level of natural bacterial contamination, and this could potentially create a public health risk besides leading to problems in exportation. Ultraviolet (UVC) and far infrared (FIR) radiation has low penetration power, and due to that, there might be no detrimental defects to the products during a possible decontamination process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of UVC and FIR treatment on microbial decontamination and quality of cumin seeds. For this purpose, FIR treatment at different exposure times and temperatures were applied followed by constant UVC treatment with an intensity of 10.5 mW/cm2 for 2 h. Total mesophilic aerobic bacteria of the cumin seeds were decreased to the target level of 104 CFU/g after 1.57, 2.8, and 4.8 min FIR treatment at 300, 250, and 200 °C, respectively, following a 2 h UVC treatment. Under the given conditions, a complete elimination for total yeast and molds were obtained while there were no significant changes in volatile oil content and color of the cumin seeds. Consequently, combined UVC and FIR treatment was determined to be a promising method for decontamination of the cumin seeds.Practical Application:  This research attempts to apply UVC and far infrared (FIR) radiation for pasteurization of cumin seeds. The data suggested that combined UVC and FIR radiation treatments can become a promising new method for pasteurization of cumin seeds without causing any detrimental defect to the quality parameters. The results of this industry partnered (Kadioglu Baharat, Mersin, Turkey—http://www.kadioglubaharat.com) study were already applied in industrial scale production lines.
Rapid Detection of Ricin in Milk Using Immunomagnetic Separation Combined with Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: He Lili , Deen Bronwyn , Rodda Tom , Ronningen Ian , Blasius Tim , Haynes Christy , Diez‐Gonzalez Francisco , Labuza Theodore P. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:  Ricin is a potential bioterrisiom agent. There is a critical need for a method that can rapidly and simply detect ricin and other bioterrisiom agents in complex food matrices such as milk. In this study, we demonstrated a rapid method that combined immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect ricin in whole milk. IMS was used to specifically capture the ricin out of the milk. Then, SERS was applied to analyze the IMS eluate mixed with silver dendrite nanosubstrates. This approach facilitated detection and quantification down to 4 μg/mL ricin in milk within 20 min, based on the results of principal component analysis and partial least squares analysis. The feasibility of using a portable Raman instrument shows great promise for on‐site detection in a processing facility.Practical Application:  The method described in this manuscript that combined IMS and SERS could be used for rapid detection of ricin and other protein toxins in complex food matrices such as milk within 20 min. The use of a portable Raman could facilitate the on‐site detection in a processing facility.
Transfusion‐related acute lung injury investigation insights
Authors: Fung Y. L. 
Published: May 2011

Background  From 2005 to 2009 transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) has maintained its ranking as the number one cause of transfusion‐related fatalities reported to the FDA. This confirms that TRALI remains a serious and potentially fatal transfusion complication. As over 80% of TRALI events have been attributed to donor derived leucocyte antibodies the detection and management of donors with these antibodies is crucial to reducing the TRALI risk.Objective  Because blood is a precious medical commodity in limited supply, it would be more effective to exclude only those donors with a risk of triggering TRALI substantiated by objective laboratory evidence (i.e. implicated). This would allow implicated donors to be confidently excluded and would allow other donors only clinically associated with TRALI to be reassessed for continuing to donate. Therefore, the design of an effective and objective TRALI laboratory investigation strategy has to be based on current knowledge of the mechanism of antibody mediated TRALI.Discussion  Leucocyte antibodies in the transfused blood product are thought to activate neutrophils in the pulmonary microvasculature. The by‐products of neutrophil activation (e.g. reactive oxygen species and enzymes) consequently cause injury to the pulmonary microvasculature resulting in respiratory distress. There is strong evidence for the role of neutrophil reactive antibodies to human neutrophil antigen (HNA)‐3a and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐A2 in serious TRALI events. HLA Class II antibodies have also been implicated and they are thought to activate monocytes, which subsequently activate neutrophils. Neutrophils, which express human neutrophil antigens (HNA) and HLA Class I, are thus key effector cells in TRALI injury. Because of the pivotal role of neutrophils, effective TRALI investigations must include well validated neutrophil assays such as the granulocyte immunofluorescence test (GIFT) and granulocyte agglutination test (GAT).This article will discuss:– TRALI investigation strategy,– assays for detection of antibodies to HNA and HLA,– how to differentiate associated from implicated donors,– and provide thoughts on the remaining 20% of TRALI events (i.e. non‐immune mediated).
Expression of CD4+ forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ regulatory T cells in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: WANG Yi , LIU Xue Ping , ZHAO Zhi Bin , CHEN Jun Hao , YU Cheng Gong 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE:  Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) plays an important role in the development and function of CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. In this study the percentage of CD4+ FOXP3+ Treg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the frequency of Treg cells in the colonic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were investigated.METHODS:  The percentage of CD4+FOXP3+ Treg cells in PBMC was analyzed by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the FOXP3+ cells in the inflamed mucosa. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of FOXP3 mRNA and protein in PBMC and mucosal biopsy specimens of IBD patients, respectively.RESULTS:  Together with the decrease of percentage of Treg cells in PBMC, we found that the frequency of Treg cells increased significantly in inflamed mucosa of active or inactive Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The expressions of FOXP3 mRNA and protein increased in inflamed mucosa when compared with those in healthy controls, especially the FOXP3 mRNA in patients with active CD or UC. Interestingly, the expression of FOXP3 protein in active UC was higher than that in active CD.CONCLUSIONS:  There was a decrease of CD4+FOXP3+ Treg cells in peripheral blood and an accumulation of Treg cells in inflamed mucosa. These data suggested that the suppressive function of Treg cells may be partially inhibited and this could be an important factor in the recurrence of disease, especially in UC.
Bio‐palladium: from metal recovery to catalytic applications
Authors: De Corte Simon , Hennebel Tom , De Gusseme Bart , Verstraete Willy , Boon Nico 
Published: May 2011

SummaryWhile precious metals are available to a very limited extent, there is an increasing demand to use them as catalyst. This is also true for palladium (Pd) catalysts and their sustainable recycling and production are required. Since Pd catalysts exist nowadays mostly under the form of nanoparticles, these particles need to be produced in an environment‐friendly way. Biological synthesis of Pd nanoparticles (‘bio‐Pd’) is an innovative method for both metal recovery and nanocatalyst synthesis. This review will discuss the different bio‐Pd precipitating microorganisms, the applications of the catalyst (both for environmental purposes and in organic chemistry) and the state of the art of the reactors based on the bio‐Pd concept. In addition, some main challenges are discussed, which need to be overcome in order to create a sustainable nanocatalyst. Finally, some outlooks for bio‐Pd in environmental technology are presented.
Visualization studies on evidence‐based medicine domain knowledge (Series 1): Mapping of evidence‐based medicine research subjects
Authors: Shen Jiantong , Yao Leye , Li Youping , Clarke Mike , Gan Qi , Fan Yi , Zhong Dake , Li Yifei , Gou Yongchao , Wang Li 
Published: May 2011

Abstract Objective To use visualization methods to illustrate and compare major subjects, domains, and developments in evidence‐based medicine (EBM) in recent years. Method We analyzed MeSH terms and keywords in EBM articles in the MEDLINE and CNKI databases, and developed subject charts, research field relationship charts, and strategy coordination charts using word co‐occurrence, PFNET algorithms, and visualization methods. Result Rapid developments and growth are taking place in EBM in China and around the world. Studies on humans comprised 94.4% of the EBM studies that we identified, while animal studies accounted for 2.6% (three quarters of these animal studies were on primates). The six countries with the largest number of EBM articles and the eight host nations for the 108 journals with the most EBM publications were from high‐income countries. In China, 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions have published EBM articles, although most of these publications come from the more highly‐developed areas of the country. The investigation of word co‐occurrence showed that EBM articles outside of China involve seven main fields: “Therapy”, “Methods”, “Standards”, “Research”, “Education”, ”Nursing” and “Organization and Administration”. Five of these fields (“Therapy”, “Nursing”, “Research”, “Education” and “Management”) were common to China but the top seven fields for this country included “Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)” and “Information resources”; and did not include “Methods” and “Standards”. Furthermore, studies on “Nursing” and “Research” were not as advanced in China as in other countries. Conclusion There are similarities between China and the rest of the world in several areas in the EBM literature but also some important differences. Throughout the world, the most resource‐rich regions o organizations tend to have the most well‐developed EBM. These regions and organizations are pdocuing more evidence and conducting more methodology research than the less resourced regions and organizations. There is an urgent need for these regions and organizations to strengthen their use of evidence, to learn more about the philosophy that underpins EBM, and to improve accessibility to, and use of, evidence in choices about health care.
Visualization studies on evidence‐based medicine domain knowledge (series 3): visualization for dissemination of evidence based medicine information
Authors: Shen Jiantong , Yao Leye , Li Youping , Clarke Mike , Gan Qi , Li Yifei , Fan Yi , Gou Yongchao , Wang Li 
Published: May 2011

Abstract Purpose To identify patterns in information sharing between a series of Chinese evidence based medicine (EBM) journals and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, to determine key evidence dissemination areas for EBM and to provide a scientific basis for improving the dissemination of EBM research. Method Data were collected on citing and cited from the Chinese Journal of Evidence‐Based Medicine (CJEBM), Journal of Evidence‐Based Medicine (JEBMc), Chinese Journal of Evidence Based Pediatrics (CJEBP), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). Relationships between citations were visualized. High‐frequency key words from these sources were identified, to build a word co‐occurrence matrix and to map research subjects. Result CDSR contains a large collection of information of relevance to EBM and its contents are widely cited across many journals, suggesting a well‐developed citation environment. The content and citation of the Chinese journals have been increasing in recent years. However, their citation environments are much less developed, and there is a wide variation in the breadth and strength of their knowledge communication, with the ranking from highest to lowest being CJEBM, JEBMc and CJEBP. The content of CDSR is almost exclusively Cochrane intervention reviews examining the effects of healthcare interventions, so it's contribution to EBM is mostly in disease control and treatment. On the other hand, the Chinese journals on evidence‐based medicine and practice focused more on areas such as education and research, design and quality of clinical trials, evidence based policymaking, evidence based clinical practice, tumor treatment, and pediatrics. Conclusion Knowledge and findings of EBM are widely communicated and disseminated. However, citation environments and range of knowledge communication differ greatly between the journals examined in this study. This finds that Chinese EBM has focused mainly on clinical medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, pediatrics, tumor treatment, nursing, health economic and management, and medical education. Internationally, EBM research topics have begun to shift, from drug treatment to surgery or other non‐pharmacological treatments; from therapy to diagnosis, rehabilitation, and prevention; from evidence based clinical practice to evidence based management and policymaking. The philosophy and method of EBM, evidence production and translation are also shifting from well resourced settings to low‐ and middle‐income countries, especially those in which English is not a major language.
A polyketide interferes with cellular differentiation in the symbiotic cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme
Authors: Liaimer Anton , Jenke‐Kodama Holger , Ishida Keishi , Hinrichs Katrin , Stangeland Janne , Hertweck Christian , Dittmann Elke 
Published: May 2011

SummaryNostoc punctiforme is a filamentous cyanobacterium capable of forming symbiotic associations with a wide range of plants. The strain exhibits extensive phenotypic characteristics and can differentiate three mutually exclusive cell types: nitrogen‐fixing heterocysts, motile hormogonia and spore‐like akinetes. Here, we provide evidence for a crucial role of an extracellular metabolite in balancing cellular differentiation. Insertional mutagenesis of a gene of the polyketide synthase gene cluster pks2 led to the accumulation of short filaments carrying mostly terminal heterocysts under diazotrophic conditions. The mutant has a strong tendency to form biofilms on solid surfaces as well as in liquid culture. The pks2‐ strain keeps forming hormogonia over the entire growth curve and shows an early onset of akinete formation. We could isolate two fractions of the wild‐type supernatant that could restore the capability to form long filaments with intercalary heterocysts. Growth of the mutant cells in the neighbourhood of wild‐type cells on plates led to a reciprocal influence and a partial reconstruction of wild‐type and mutant phenotype respectively. We postulate that extracellular metabolites of Nostoc punctiforme act as life cycle governing factors (LCGFs) and that the ratio between distinct factors may guide the differentiation into different life stages.
Chitin stimulates production of the antibiotic andrimid in a Vibrio coralliilyticus strain
Authors: Wietz Matthias , Månsson Maria , Gram Lone 
Published: May 2011

SummaryVibrio coralliilyticus is a putative coral pathogen in tropical oceans, but also possesses antagonistic traits. We previously reported antibacterial activity in Vibrio coralliilyticus strain S2052 based upon the antibiotic andrimid. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether V. coralliilyticus S2052 produces the antibiotic under conditions mimicking natural habitats of vibrios. S2052 synthesized andrimid with both chitin and macroalgal extracts as sole nutrient source. With chitin, the biosynthesis of metabolites other than andrimid was largely abolished, and the yield of the antibiotic per cell was twofold higher. In cultures with Artemia as live chitin model system, S2052 reached up to 108 cells ml−1, produced andrimid and showed attachment to the exoskeleton and chitinous exuviae. The metabolic focus on andrimid production with chitin indicates that the antibiotic could serve an ecophysiological function. S2052 was compared with two related V. coralliilyticus strains (LMG20984T and LMG10953). Despite overall similar secondary metabolomes, LMG20984T and LMG10953 did not produce andrimid, and their optimum biosynthetic temperature was 30 as compared with 25°C for S2052. In addition, S2052 appeared less pathogenic towards Artemia than reported for the type strain. Different physiologies of S2052 and closely related strains indicated that V. coralliilyticus subspecies may be adapted to different niches.