bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and annual throughfall and stemflow in Andean temperate rainforests
Authors: Oyarzún Carlos E. , Godoy Roberto , Staelens Jeroen , Donoso Pablo J. , Verhoest Niko E. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe partitioning of gross rainfall into throughfall, stemflow, and interception loss and their relationships with forest structure was studied for a period of four years (October 2002–September 2006) and two years (October 2005–September 2007) in seven experimental catchments of temperate rainforest ecosystems located in the Andes of south‐central Chile (39°37′S, 600–925 m a.s.l.). The amount of throughfall, stemflow, and interception loss was correlated with forest structure characteristics such as basal area, canopy cover, mean quadratic diameter (MQD), and tree species characteristics in evergreen and deciduous forests. Annual rainfall ranged from 4061 to 5308 mm at 815 m a.s.l. and from 3453 to 4660 mm at 714 m a.s.l. Throughfall ranged from 64 to 89% of gross rainfall. Stemflow contributed 0·3–3·4% of net precipitation. Interception losses ranged from 11 to 36% of gross rainfall and depended on the amount of rainfall and characteristics as well as on forest structure, particularly the MQD. For evergreen forests, strong correlations were found between stemflow per tree and tree characteristics such as diameter at breast height (R2= 0·92,P< 0·01) and crown projection area (R2= 0·65,P< 0·01). Stemflow per tree was also significantly correlated with epiphyte cover of trunks in the old‐growth evergreen forests (R2= 0·29,P< 0·05). The difference in the proportion of throughfall and interception loss among stands was significant only during winter. The reported relationships between rainfall partitioning and forest structure and composition provide valuable information for management practices, which aimed at producing other ecosystem services in addition to timber in native rainforests of southern Chile. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast analysis of finite and curved frequency‐selective surfaces using the VSIE with MLFMA
Authors: Ding Dazhi , Tao Shifei , Chen Rushan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe hybrid volume‐surface integral equation approach is proposed to analyze the transmission and reflection characteristics of finite and curved frequency‐selective surfaces structures. The surface current and electric flux density are expanded by surface RWG and volume SWG basis functions, respectively. The multilevel fast multipole algorithm is applied to reduce the computational complexity. Simulated results are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some new selective stationary phases for RP‐HPLC
Authors: Jardim Isabel C. S. F. , Maldaner Liane , Lourenço Josimara , Fioravanti Livia M. A. , Collins Carol H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAt the present time, more complex analyses of apolar compounds with similar chemical structures or of polar compounds, especially basic ones, having diverse properties require more selective stationary phases having better stabilities. This paper describes several new stationary phases with directed selectivities that were prepared by immobilizing two different phenyl group‐containing siloxanes and a trifluoropropyl‐containing siloxane onto chromatographic silica and, in the case of the fluorinated siloxane, onto zirconized silica, using thermal treatment or microware radiation. The chromatographic properties and stabilities of these new phases were determined and several applications were evaluated. The phenyl‐containing phases showed excellent characteristics related to the separation of several different types of aromatic compounds while the fluorinated phases, which present a more polar character, revealed selectivity for the separation of positional isomers as well as for a mixture of basic pharmaceuticals. Stability tests indicate that immobilization of the polysiloxanes increases column lifetimes by making the stationary phases less susceptible to dissolution, while the phases immobilized with microwave radiation were somewhat more stable than those immobilized by thermal treatments.
Optimal pattern of technology adoptions under embodiment: A multi‐stage optimal control approach
Authors: Saglam Cagri 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBy deriving the necessary conditions for a multi‐stage optimal control problem where the endogenous switching instants appear as an argument of the state equation, we analyze the optimal pattern of technology adoptions under embodiment with a finite planning horizon. We show that the optimal pattern of technology adoptions depends crucially on how the growth rate advantage compares to the adjustment and the obsolescence costs inherent to embodiment. We obtain non‐stationary lifetimes for the adopted technologies due to finite planning horizon. We analyze numerically the effects of planning horizon, speed of adjustment to the new technology, growth rate of technology and the impatience rate on the optimal pattern. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of pleiotrophin in the prostate is androgen regulated and it functions as an autocrine regulator of mesenchyme and cancer associated fibroblasts and as a paracrine regulator of epithelia
Authors: Orr Brigid , Vanpoucke Griet , Grace O. Cathal , Smith Lee , Anderson Richard A. , Riddick Antony C.P. , Franco Omar E. , Hayward Simon W. , Thomson Axel A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDAndrogens and paracrine signaling from mesenchyme/stroma regulate development and disease of the prostate, and gene profiling studies of inductive prostate mesenchyme have identified candidate molecules such as pleiotrophin (Ptn).METHODSPtn transcripts and protein were localized by in situ and immunohistochemistry and Ptn mRNA was quantitated by Northern blot and qRT‐PCR. Ptn function was examined by addition of hPTN protein to rat ventral prostate organ cultures, primary human fetal prostate fibroblasts, prostate cancer associated fibroblasts, and BPH1 epithelia.RESULTSDuring development, Ptn transcripts and protein were expressed in ventral mesenchymal pad (VMP) and prostatic mesenchyme. Ptn was localized to mesenchyme surrounding ductal epithelial tips undergoing branching morphogenesis, and was located on the surface of epithelia. hPTN protein stimulated branching morphogenesis and stromal and epithelial proliferation, when added to rat VP cultures, and also stimulated growth of fetal human prostate fibroblasts, prostate cancer associated fibroblasts, and BPH1 epithelia. PTN mRNA was enriched in patient‐matched normal prostate fibroblasts versus prostate cancer associated fibroblasts. PTN also showed male enriched expression in fetal human male urethra versus female, and between wt male and ARKO male mice. Transcripts for PTN were upregulated by testosterone in fetal human prostate fibroblasts and organ cultures of female rat VMP. Ptn protein was increased by testosterone in organ cultures of female rat VMP and in rat male urethra compared to female.CONCLUSIONSOur data suggest that in the prostate Ptn functions as a regulator of both mesenchymal and epithelial proliferation, and that androgens regulate Ptn levels. Prostate 71:305–317, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D status on serological response to influenza vaccine in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Chadha Manpreet K. , Fakih Marwan , Muindi Josephia , Tian Lili , Mashtare Terry , Johnson Candace S. , Trump Donald 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpidemiologic data suggest that there is an association between vitamin D deficiency and influenza infection. We conducted a prospective influenza vaccination study to determine the influence of vitamin D status on serological response to influenza vaccine in prostate cancer (CaP) patients.METHODSDuring the 2006–2007 influenza season, CaP patients treated at Roswell Park Cancer Institute were offered vaccination with the trivalent influenza vaccine (Fluzone®, 2006–2007) and sera collected for hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay titers before and 3 months after vaccination. Response to vaccination was defined as ≥1:40 titer ratio or a fourfold increase in titer at 3 months, against any of the three strains. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐D3) levels were measured using DiaSorin 125I radioimmunoassay kits.RESULTSThirty‐five patients with CaP participated in the study. Median baseline 25‐D3 level was 44.88 ng/ml (range: 9.16–71.98 ng/ml) Serological response against any of the three strains was noted in 80%. There was a significant effect of baseline 25‐D3 level when tested as a continuous variable in relation to serological response (P = 0.0446). All patients in the upper quartile of 25‐D3 level responded by mounting a serological response (P = 0.0344). None of the other baseline variables (age, race, chemotherapy status, or white cell count) had an effect on serological response.CONCLUSIONSIn this study in CaP patients, a replete vitamin D status was associated with more frequent serological response to influenza vaccine. Prostate 77:368–372, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor cell group via phospholipase A2 is involved in prostate cancer development
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Hong , Wei Gang , Cai Qingchun , Yan Libo , Xu Yan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies among men in the United States. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PCa tumorigenic development is critical for advancing treatment strategies for PCa. The role of Group VIA phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) in cancers has recently emerged. However, the biological functions of iPLA2β in PCa development have been minimally investigated and only in vitro studies have been reported.METHODSWe tested the role of iPLA2β in host cells using an iPLA2β deficient mouse model and the role of iPLA2β in tumor cells by comparing the proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo.CONCLUSIONSiPLA2β deficiency did not affect tumor development in C57BL/6 mice injected with syngeneic PCa cell line TRAMP‐C1P3 in any of three models (subcutaneous, orthotopic, or intratibia injection) tested, suggesting that host cell iPLA2β is not required for PCa tumorigenesis and metastasis. In contrast, when iPLA2β was down‐regulated in TRAMP‐C1P3 cells, cell proliferation was reduced in vitro and tumor growth was suppressed in vivo compared to control cells. In particular, iPLA2β was required for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)‐induced migration and invasion in TRAMP‐C1P3 cells. We compared human and mouse PCa cells and showed that they shared high similarities in LPA‐stimulated effects and signaling pathways. LPA stimulated cell migration and/or invasion via a PI3K‐dependent pathway. Together, our results suggest that the tumor cell iPLA2β–LPA axis may represent a novel target for PCa. Prostate 77:373–384, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different correlations among physiological and morphological properties at single glutamatergic synapses in the rat hippocampus and the cerebellum
Authors: Miyawaki Hiroyuki , Hirano Tomoo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSynapses in the mammalian central nervous system show substantial diversity in their physiological and morphological properties. However, the correlations among them have remained elusive. Here, we tried to clarify the correlations by establishing a method to record excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) at individual synapses and also to observe the morphology at the same time. A pair of pre‐ and postsynaptic neurons were labeled with different fluorescent dyes, and a presynaptic varicosity was selectively stimulated with a θ‐tube glass electrode under conditions in which action potential generation was suppressed. Two representative types of excitatory glutamatergic synapses, one on hippocampal pyramidal neurons and the other on cerebellar Purkinje neurons, were studied. The correlations between the properties of quantal EPSCs (qEPSCs) and those of synaptic morphology were analyzed in rat primary culture preparations. The amplitude and the decay time of qEPSC were correlated with the size of the postsynaptic spine only at hippocampal synapses. In contrast, the size of the presynaptic varicosity was correlated with the size of the postsynaptic spine and the quantal content of evoked EPSCs only at granule neuron–Purkinje neuron synapses in the cerebellum. These results suggest that the interaction between pre‐ and postsynaptic structures and the coupling of postsynaptic responsiveness and the spine morphology differ between cerebellar and hippocampal glutamatergic synapses. Synapse, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organic–Inorganic Nanostructure Architecture via Directly Capping Fullerenes onto Quantum Dots
Authors: Lee Jae Kwan , Kim Jonggi , Yang Changduk 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new form of fullerene-capped CdSe nanoparticles (PCBA-capped CdSe NPs), using carboxylate ligands with [60]fullerene capping groups that provides an effective synthetic methodology to attach fullerenes noncovalently to CdSe, is presented for usage in nanotechnology and photoelectric fields. Interestingly, either the internal charge transfer or the energy transfer in the hybrid material contributes to photoluminescence (PL) quenching of the CdSe moieties.
Fabrication of Nickel Nanostructure Arrays Via a Modified Nanosphere Lithography
Authors: Wei Xueyong , Chen Xianzhong , Jiang Kyle 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we present a modified nanosphere lithographic scheme that is based on the self-assembly and electroforming techniques. The scheme was demonstrated to fabricate a nickel template of ordered nanobowl arrays together with a nickel nanostructure array-patterned glass substrate. The hemispherical nanobowls exhibit uniform sizes and smooth interior surfaces, and the shallow nanobowls with a flat bottom on the glass substrate are interconnected as a net structure with uniform thickness. A multiphysics model based on the level set method (LSM) was built up to understand this fabricating process by tracking the interface between the growing nickel and the electrolyte. The fabricated nickel nanobowl template can be used as a mold of long lifetime in soft lithography due to the high strength of nickel. The nanostructure–patterned glass substrate can be used in optical and magnetic devices due to their shape effects. This fabrication scheme can also be extended to a wide range of metals and alloys.
Cerebral atrophy, apolipoprotein E ɛ4, and rate of decline in everyday function among patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Alosco Michael L. , Jerskey Beth A. , Sweet Lawrence H. , Ott Brian R. , Tremont Geoffrey ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2010

BackgroundPatients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) demonstrate decline in everyday function. In this study, we investigated whether whole brain atrophy and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype are associated with the rate of functional decline in MCI.MethodsParticipants were 164 healthy controls, 258 MCI patients, and 103 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. They underwent brain MRI scans, APOE genotyping, and completed up to six biannual Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) assessments. Random effects regressions were used to examine trajectories of decline in FAQ across diagnostic groups, and to test the effects of ventricle‐to‐brain ratio (VBR) and APOE genotype on FAQ decline among MCI patients.ResultsRate of decline in FAQ among MCI patients was intermediate between that of controls and mild AD patients. Patients with MCI who converted to mild AD declined faster than those who remained stable. Among MCI patients, increased VBR and possession of any APOE ɛ4 allele were associated with faster rate of decline in FAQ. In addition, there was a significant VBR by APOE ɛ4 interaction such that patients who were APOE ɛ4 positive and had increased atrophy experienced the fastest decline in FAQ.ConclusionsFunctional decline occurs in MCI, particularly among patients who progress to mild AD. Brain atrophy and APOE ɛ4 positivity are associated with such declines, and patients who have elevated brain atrophy and are APOE ɛ4 positive are at greatest risk of functional degradation. These findings highlight the value of genetic and volumetric MRI information as predictors of functional decline, and thus disease progression, in MCI.
Plasma ceramides are altered in mild cognitive impairment and predict cognitive decline and hippocampal volume loss
Authors: Mielke Michelle M. , Haughey Norman J. , Bandaru Veera Venkata Ratnam , Schech Steven , Carrick Richard , Carlson Michelle C. , Mori Susumu , Miller Michael I. , Ceritoglu Can , Brown Timothy , Albert Marilyn , Lyketsos Constantine G. 
Published: September 2010

BackgroundA blood‐based biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD) would be superior to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neuroimaging measures in terms of cost, invasiveness, and feasibility for repeated measures. We previously reported that blood ceramides varied in relation to timing of memory impairment in a population‐based study. The present objective was to examine whether plasma ceramides varied by AD severity in a well‐characterized clinic sample and were associated with cognitive decline and hippocampal volume loss over 1 year.MethodsParticipants included 25 normal controls (NC), 17 amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and 21 early probable AD. A thorough neuropsychological battery and neuroimaging with hippocampal volume determination were conducted at baseline and 1 year later. Plasma ceramides were assayed at baseline using high performance liquid chromatography coupled electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsAlthough all saturated ceramides were lower in MCI compared with AD at baseline, ceramides C22:0 and C24:0 were significantly lower in the MCI group compared with both NC and AD groups (P < .01). Ceramide levels did not differ (P > .05) in AD versus NC. There were no cross‐sectional associations between ceramides C22:0 and C24:0 and either cognitive performance or hippocampal volume among any group. However, among the MCI group, higher baseline ceramide C22:0 and C24:0 levels were predictive of cognitive decline and hippocampal volume loss 1 year later.ConclusionResults suggest that very long‐chain plasma ceramides C22:0 and C24:0 are altered in MCI and predict memory loss and right hippocampal volume loss among subjects with MCI. These plasma ceramides may be early indicators of AD progression.
Requiring an amyloid‐β1‐42 biomarker for prodromal Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment does not lead to more efficient clinical trials
Authors: Schneider Lon S. , Kennedy Richard E. , Cutter Gary R. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2010

BackgroundLow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid‐β1‐42 concentration and high total‐tau/Aβ1‐42 ratio have been recommended to support the diagnosis of prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and also to select patients for clinical trials (Shaw et al, Ann Neurol 2009;65:403–13; Dubois et al, Lancet Neurol 2007;6:734–46).MethodsWe tested this recommendation with clinical trials simulations using patients from the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative who fulfilled the following entry criteria: (1) aMCI, (2) aMCI with CSF Aβ1‐42 ≤192 mg/mL, (3) and aMCI with total‐tau/Aβ1‐42 >0.39. For each criterion, we randomly resampled the database obtaining samples for 1000 trials for each trial scenario, planning for 1 or 2 year trials with samples from 50 to 400 patients per treatment or placebo group, with up to 40% dropouts, outcomes after using the AD assessment scale‐cognitive subscale and clinical dementia rating scale with effect sizes ranging from 0.15 to 0.75, and calculated statistical power.FindingsApproximately 70% to 74% of aMCI patients with CSF measures met biomarker criteria. The addition of the low Aβ1‐42 or high tau/Aβ1‐42 requirement resulted in minimal or no increase in the power of the trials compared with enrolling aMCI without requiring the biomarker criteria. Slightly larger mean differences between the placebo and treatment groups fulfilling biomarker criteria were offset by increased outcome variability within the groups.InterpretationsAlthough patients with aMCI or patients with prodromal AD meeting CSF biomarkers criteria were slightly more cognitively impaired and showed greater decline than patients with aMCI diagnosed without considering the biomarkers, the requirement of biomarker‐positive patients would most likely not result in more efficient clinical trials, and trials would take longer because fewer patients would be available. A CSF Aβ1‐42 marker, however, could be useful as an explanatory variable or covariate when warranted by the action of a drug.
DietaryRRR-α-tocopherol succinate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokines secretion in broiler chicks
Authors: Zhang Xuhui , Zhong Xiang , Zhou Yanmin , Wang Gaiqin , Du Haiming , Wang Tian 
Published: September 2010

The anti-inflammatory effects of two esters of α-tocopherol (α-TOH),all-rac-α-TOH acetate (dl-α-TOA) andRRR-α-TOH succinate (d-α-TOS), on broilers repeatedly challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated. Three hundred and twenty 1-d-old broiler chicks were allotted into four treatment groups and fed on a control diet (30 mg/kgdl-α-TOA) or diets containing 10, 30, 50 mg/kgd-α-TOS. Half of the birds from each treatment group were challenged with 0·9 % NaCl solution or LPS (250 μg/kg body weight) at 16, 18 and 20 d of age. The results indicated that the pretreatment of birds with 50 mg/kgd-α-TOS markedly reduced serum PGE2secretion and increased the concentrations of serum or hepatic α-TOH. When LPS-challenged birds were pretreated with 30 or 50 mg/kgd-α-TOS, the increases of plasma and splenic concentrations of interferon-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 were dramatically attenuated. Also, a significant decrease of hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hepatic or splenic phosphokinase C (PKC) activities was found in birds pretreated with 30 or 50 mg/kgd-α-TOS. Furthermore,d-α-TOS inhibited the activation of NF-κB by preventing the degradation of inhibitory-κBα. In conclusion, D-α-TOS is able to prevent LPS-induced inflammation responsein vivo.The beneficial effect may depend on suppressing the secretion of various plasma and splenic inflammatory mediators through inhibiting NF-κB activation and by blocking ROS signalling, in which PKC may play an assistant role.