bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Charge Carrier Transport Effects in Organic Field Effect Transistor Channels
Authors: Chang Hsiu-Chuang , Ruden P. P. , Liang Yan , Frisbie C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTransient phenomena that impact the speed of electron devices fabricated from organic semiconductor materials are of critical importance for the development of this new technology. Here we investigate theoretically and experimentally the effects of traps on the establishment and the depletion of the conducting channel in organic semiconductor field effect transistors (OFETs). The device structures explored resemble typical organic thin-film transistors with one of the channel contacts removed. The channel length is varied, and generally is longer than in typical OFETs, in order to vary the carrier transit time. By measuring the displacement current associated with charging and discharging of the channel in these capacitors, transient effects on the carrier transport in organic semiconductors may be studied. When carriers are injected into the device, a conducting channel is established with traps that are initially empty. Gradual filling of the traps then modifies the transport characteristics of the injected charge carriers. In contrast, DC experiments as they are typically performed to characterize the transport properties of organic semiconductor channels investigate a steady state with traps partially filled. Numerical and approximate analytical models of the formation of the conducting channel and the resulting displacement currents are presented. Two simple scenarios are considered first: the spatially-averaged carrier density model neglects carrier dynamics but shows the salient trapping/detrapping effects. Second: a simple geometric model neglects traps but elucidates the effect of carrier dynamics and is used to define an effective mobility that can be extracted from experiments. Finally, numerical simulations are used to study the dynamical and trap effects together. Comparing the average trapping time with the time scale of the current transient sheds light on the influence of traps on the effective mobility. If the average trapping time is very long the effect of traps is negligible and the mobility is largely unaffected by traps on the timescale of the experiment. If the average trapping time is short the effective mobility is reduced but it is time-independent. However, the effective mobility changes with time if the average trapping time is comparable to the current transient interval, eventually reaching a constant value once the trapping and detrapping events balance. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the effective mobility arising from the temperature dependence of the trap emission rate is explored. Experimental data for pentacene based devices of different channel length and obtained over in the temperature range 120K < T < 300K support the concepts of the physical model.
High-power Organic Field-effect Transistors Using a Three-dimensional Structure
Authors: Uno M. , Hirose Yuri , Nakayama Kengo , Uemura Takafumi , Nakazawa Yasuhiro , Takimiya K. , Takeya Jun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThree-dimensional organic field-effect transistors with multiple sub-micrometer channels are developed to exhibit high current density and high switching speed. The sub-micrometer channels are arranged perpendicularly to substrates and are defined by the height of a multi-columnar structure fabricated without using electron-beam-lithography technique. For devices with dinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, extremely high current density exceeding 10 A/cm2 and fast switching within 200 ns are realized with an on-off ratio of 105. The unprecedented performance is beyond general requirements to control organic light-emitting diodes, so that even more extensive applications to higher-speed active-matrices and display-driving circuits can be realized with organic semiconductors.
Histologic and Histometric Evaluation of Bovine Cancellous Bone and Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate 45 Months After Grafting in Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Khatiblou Farokh 
Published: October 2010

The aim of this report is to determine the long-term histologic and histometric evaluation of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and bovine cancellous bone grafted into the left maxillary sinus of a patient in order to augment the sinus floor to prepare it for receiving an implant. Beta-TCP and bovine cancellous bone (BCB) were grafted into the left maxillary sinus at the extracted sites of maxillary left first and second molars of a 62-year-old male patient. Using osteotome technique, 45 months later, core biopsies were taken for histologic and histometric comparison of the newly formed bone. Histometric and histologic evaluation of both specimens revealed a normal maxillary bone structure with 23.08% calcified bone and 76.92% marrow and connective tissue for the beta-TCP grafted site, and 24.81% calcified bone with 75.19% marrow and connective tissue for the BCB grafted site. No residual grafting material was seen in either specimen. Both beta-TCP and BCB were completely resorbed and replaced by new bone 45 months after grafting. Histologic results of the newly formed bone were similar for both grafting materials.
Estimating and Mapping the Direct Flood Fatality Rate for Flooding in Greater New Orleans Due To Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Boyd Ezra C 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe unprecedented tragedy of Hurricane Katrina produced unprecedented data for studying the impacts of natural disasters. The current paper looks at one public health outcome of this event: direct flood deaths in Orleans and St. Bernard parishes of Louisiana. In particular, the risk of death for the flood‐exposed population is estimated, mapped, and discussed. Of the nearly 1,500 deaths that Louisiana officially counts as Katrina deaths, approximately 600 are determined to be associated with exposure to floodwaters. Additionally, it is estimated that approximately 63,000 persons were exposed to floodwaters. The ratio of flood deaths to flood‐exposed population, termed the flood fatality rate, provides an empirical measure of flood risk. Georeferenced datasets on both the flood deaths and the flood‐exposed population are developed, and then used to estimate and map the flood fatality rate. For the overall event, the flood fatality rate is estimated to be 7 11 deaths per 1,000 persons exposed, which is consistent with other coastal flood disasters. At the blockgroup level, the highest values of the flood fatality rate are observed in the Lower Ninth Ward, while comparatively lower values are observed in New Orleans East. A preliminary univariate regression model with water depth as the independent variable is presented, and applied to Hurricane Gustav, which impacted the region in August 2008.
Chronic Disease as an Evacuation Impediment: Using a Geographic Information System and 911 Call Data after Katrina to Determine Neighborhood Scale Health Vulnerability
Authors: Curtis Andrew 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper will add to the health and disasters literature by considering the spatial patterns of a factor not commonly associated with evacuation decisions, the existing chronic health burden of the population. 911 calls for the period from August 29 to September 8, 2005, were mapped using a Geographic Information System for 15 neighborhoods of New Orleans. For each neighborhood the total number of calls was reduced to unique residences, and any mention of a health‐related problem was recorded. By using single locations and then reinterpreting medical attributes as a percentage of all such locations, or as a percentage of those mentioning medical information, an approach is presented to spatially standardize knowledge from these data. The results show that a sizable portion of those who did not evacuate from Katrina before landfall were suffering from some ailment, especially chronic diseases commonly associated with the urban poor. Of particular note is the diabetes rate, with six different neighborhoods having approximately 10% of their 911 calls mentioning the disease. The paper concludes with suggestions as to how this research should progress, with fine spatial scale geographic analysis of health data becoming more common in understanding evacuation impediments and the post‐disaster landscape in general.
Shelter‐in‐Place versus Evacuation Decision Making: A Systematic Approach for Healthcare Facilities
Authors: Zaenger Dennis , Efrat Natasha , Riccio Robert R. , Sanders Kelly 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThere is little guidance to assist healthcare facility planners to make a shelter‐in‐place versus evacuation decision in response to a hurricane and associated flooding emergencies or wildfires. In such advance notice events, planning steps may be taken that factor in the calculated risk and predictability of the event, allowing planners greater opportunity to implement a systematic response. The authors completed a review of literature and determined that there is only guidance for actions after a decision has been made, but little to help facility administrators weigh their options. The authors conducted a series of structured interviews with community and hospital planners who have dealt with the decision to evacuate or shelter‐in‐place in the face of real events. Insights derived from these real‐event experiences are summarized, and proposed next steps for further research are outlined.
Understanding Public Response to Nuclear Power Plant Protective Actions
Authors: Walton Fotini , Wolshon Brian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAmong the most important factors affecting the viability of alternative sheltering and evacuation strategies are the views and reactions of the public within the threat zone. If the general population does not believe that undertaking prescribed protective actions will make them safer, or if they do not see protective action messages as credible and practicable, then even the most technically sound plans can be rendered totally ineffective. To gain a deeper understanding of the views and potential reactions of the general public living within nuclear power plant (NPP) Emergency Planning Zones (EPZs) to protective action strategies, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission sponsored focus groups and a national telephone survey of the public living in EPZs. Data from the research can be used by NPP industry officials and emergency planners in developing appropriate protective action recommendations to radiological accidents. Findings of this research can also be extended to other similar types of emergencies or generalized to any emergency condition.
Management of Evacuee Ingress during Disasters: Identifying the Determinants of Local Government Capacity and Preparedness
Authors: Gerber Brian J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEvacuations on a large scale are complex and difficult enterprises. While facilitating the egress, or removal, of people from a hazardous incident site is a major challenge, accommodating a wide range of evacuee needs as they temporarily shelter away from their homes is an equally significant challenge. However, the ingress dimension of evacuations is not as well studied nor understood as its more familiar counterpart. This paper addresses several basic questions about community capacity and preparedness for hosting large numbers of evacuees as the result of disaster incidents. Using evaluations made by local government officials, the analysis presented here indicates reported hosting capacity of evacuees on a large scale is related in part to aspects of the built environment and to geographic effects. Likewise, indicators of local government evacuation preparedness for evacuations generally and evacuation ingress specifically are related to aspects of community hazard vulnerability and administrative capacity. These findings provide a basis for future work investigating other critical dimensions of evacuation ingress management.
On some problems involving Hardy’s function
Authors: Ivić Aleksandar 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Some problems involving the classical Hardy function $$
Z\left( t \right) = \zeta \left( {\frac{1}
{2} + it} \right)\left( {\chi \left( {\frac{1}
{2} + it} \right)} \right)^{ - {1 \mathord{\left/
{\vphantom {1 2}} \right.
\kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} , \zeta \left( s \right) = \chi \left( s \right) \zeta \left( {1 - s} \right)
$$, are discussed. In particular we discuss the odd moments of Z(t) and the distribution of its positive and negative values.
On the asymptotic behavior of a class of third order nonlinear neutral differential equations
Authors: Baculíková Blanka , Džurina Jozef 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to study asymptotic properties of the third-order neutral differential equation $$
\left[ {a\left( t \right)\left( {\left[ {x\left( t \right) + p\left( t \right)x\left( {\sigma \left( t \right)} \right)} \right]^{\prime \prime } } \right)^\gamma } \right]^\prime + q\left( t \right)f\left( {x\left[ {\tau \left( t \right)} \right]} \right) = 0, t \geqslant t_0 . \left( E \right)
$$. We will establish two kinds of sufficient conditions which ensure that either all nonoscillatory solutions of (E) converge to zero or all solutions of (E) are oscillatory. Some examples are considered to illustrate the main results.
Irreducible tensor form of three-particle operator for open-shell atoms
Authors: Juršėnas Rytis , Merkelis Gintaras 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
A three-particle operator in a second quantized form is studied systematically and comprehensively. The operator is transformed into irreducible tensor form. Possible coupling schemes, identified by the classes of symmetric group S6, are presented. Recoupling coefficients that make it possible to transform a given scheme into another are produced by using the angular momentum theory combined with quasispin formalism. The classification of the three-particle operator which acts on n = 1, 2,..., 6 open shells of equivalent electrons of atom is considered. The procedure to construct three-particle matrix elements are examined.
The family Paratylenchidae Thorne, 1949 in the rhizosphere of grass and woody species in Europe: a review of the literature
Authors: Čermák V. , Renčo M. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The family Paratylenchidae (Paratylenchus, Gracilacus) belonging to the suborder Criconematina Siddiqi, 1980 including several others families: Criconematidae Taylor, 1936, Hemicycliophoridae Skarbilovich, 1959, Shaeronematidae Raski & Sher, 1952 and Tylenchulidae Skarbilovich, 1947. Members of these families are parasites of higher plants with a higher abundance in perennial cultural plants. Generally we can consider members of the suborder Criconematina as numerous, adaptable, more or less specialized plant parasitic nematodes occurring worldwide. The main common features of specimens of this suborder are relatively long and robust stylet and small body size. This combination enabled them to inhabit also very poor sites in considerable numbers where other nematodes have no chance. A stylet of Paratylenchus nematodes is from 10 to 40 μm of length, the Gracilacus nematodes from 40 to 120 μm of length. The nematodes of the genus Paratylenchus with shorter stylet attack and damaged the cuticular cells of host roots, however, the nematodes of the genus Gracilacus with the longer stylet are able to damage a deeper level of plant roots. Presented review should serve as a list and an outline of what was by some members of the genera Paratylenchus and Gracilacus previously published in connection with trees and grassland.
Molecular discrimination of eggs of cervid trematodes using the Teflon (PTFE) technique for eggshell disruption
Authors: Oberhauserová K. , Bazsalovicsová E. , Králová-Hromadová I. , Major P. , Reblánová M. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Molecular comparative analysis of eggs of four liver and stomach flukes of cervids and domestic ruminants, Fasciola hepatica, Fascioloides magna, Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Paramphistomum cervi, was performed using a new methodological approach for eggshell disintegration. Eggs of all species were crushed mechanically by the Teflon method (PTFE) without use of chemical reagents and an efficient disruption of eggshell was checked microscopically. The egg suspension was then subjected to DNA isolation and PCR amplification using species-specific primers that annealed to the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of ribosomal DNA. The size of PCR products of individual species corresponded well to the size of amplicons obtained from adult flukes. The results provided evidence that the Teflon method does not destroy the structure of egg DNA, thus making the procedure broadly applicable during coprological examinations. Molecular markers introduced here are particularly important for blanket screening and differentiation of morphologically hardly distinguishable F. hepatica, F. magna and P. cervi eggs.
Kinetics of specific humoral immune response of mice infected with low doses of Trichinella spiralis, T. britovi, and T. pseudospiralis larvae
Authors: Dvorožňáková E. , Hurníková Z. , Kołodziej-Sobocińska M. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The specific humoral immune response of the host (mouse) to the infection with low doses of larvae of encapsulating (Trichinella spiralis, T. britovi) and non-encapsulating (T. pseudospiralis) species was studied. Mice were experimentally infected with 10 muscle larvae of the parasite to simulate natural conditions of the infection in rodents, important reservoirs of trichinellosis. The low infective dose of T. spiralis and T. britovi did not evoke an increased specific IgM response, which is typical for the acute infection. Only T. pseudospiralis induced a higher specific IgM level in the intestinal phase of the infection, till day 30 p.i. The low infective dose of T. spiralis larvae stimulated a specific IgG1 production from day 20 p.i. with a strong increase on day 45 p.i., but T. britovi infection on day 60 p.i. Specific IgG1 antibodies were not detected in T. pseudospiralis infection. The production of IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies was again earlier and more expressive in T. spiralis infection from day 45 p.i., in contrast to T. britovi, where these antibodies were increased on day 60 p.i. Only IgG2b isotype was detected in T. pseudospiralis infection on days 45 and 60 p.i., however in very low values in comparison with encapsulating species.
Results conclude the low infective dose of T. spiralis, T. britovi, and T. pseudospiralis induced a late seroconversion in infected mice. T. spiralis caused earlier and more intensive specific antibody response, from day 45 p.i, when antigens from newborn and muscle larvae were accumulated, on the contrary to T. britovi and T. pseudospiralis, which induced specific antibody response from day 60 p.i.
Metazoan parasite community of Steindachnerina brevipinna (Curimatidae) from Southern Brazil
Authors: Ceschini T. , Takemoto R. , Yamada F. , Moreira L. , Pavanelli G. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
In order to examine the ecological relationships of metazoan parasites and their hosts, 63 specimens of Steindachnerina brevipinna have been collected from April to September 2006, in the rivers Guairacá and Corvo, tributaries of the low Paranapanema River. Five different parasite species have been found (Paranaella sp., Sphicterodiplostomum musculosum, Cosmoxynema vianai, Travnema travnema and Spinoxyuris sp.), with parasite richness from 1 to 4. The dominance index (C > 0.25) was calculated for S. musculosum and aggregation of S. musculosum and Paranaella sp. were reported. There were no associations or covariations between the species of parasites. Values did not show interference of parasite abundance at different gonadal maturity stages. The relative condition factor (Kn) did not show significant values regarding quantitative and qualitative data on parasitism. Statistical tests were significant between the prevalence and the abundance of parasites and the standard length of the hosts, as well as for the parasite abundance in different months and tributaries.
Ultrastructure of the buccal capsule in the adult female Anguillicoloides crassus (Nematoda: Anguillicolidae)
Authors: Bruňanská M. , Fagerholm H. , Moravec F. , Vasilková Z. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The fine structure of the buccal capsule of the adult female nematode Anguillicoloides crassus (Spirurina) was studied for the first time. Results are based on serial section (longitudinal and transverse) light and transmission electron microscopy. The buccal capsule of A. crassus is a cuticular-lined structure. It can be divided into three main parts: cheilostom, gymnostom and stegostom. The cheilostom is the anterior region of the buccal capsule with the cuticular lining continuous with the body wall cuticle and underlain by epidermal syncytia. The gymnostom is a cuticular region with portions of it very electron dense and underlain by arcade syncytia. A dense circumoral cylinder together with the circumpharyngeal ring represent the prominent characters of the gymnostom. The stegostom is formed by anterior pharyngeal cuticle underlain by muscular radial cells and epithelial marginal cells. The cephalic cuticle of A. crassus makes a direct contact with the pharyngeal cuticle at the base of the circumoral cylinder, within a circumpharyngeal ring containing projections of pharyngeal muscular and marginal cells. The circumoral cylinder, circumpharyngeal ring and pharynx are connected to the body epidermis by junctional complexes. The buccal capsule includes occasionally 3 projections of the pharynx evidently observed in serial cross sections. These ultrastructural characters may provide useful data for comparative, functional as well as evolutionary studies within the Chromadorea.
Biological control of Taenia saginata eggs
Authors: Araújo J. , Braga F. , Araújo J. , Soares F. , Geniêr H. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Taenia saginata, is a cestode with zoonotic potentially. The objective of this work was to evaluate the ovicide activity (type 3 effect) of the fungus, Paecilomyces lilacinus (PL1), on the eggs of Taenia saginata, in vitro. The eggs were inverted in Petri dishes containing PL1, or in Petri dishes without the fungus (control). After 5, 10, or 15 days, we extracted approximately 100 eggs for evaluation and for classifying the ovicide activity. At the end of the 15 days of interaction, a significant difference (p < 0.05) due to the ovicide activity of PL1, was noted in relation to the control group, with a medium percentage (type 3 effect) at 24.6 %. These results show that the fungus, P.lilacinus (PL1), destroyed the eggs of T. saginata, suggesting its biological control potential of the eggs of this cestode.
Spontaneous primary intrathoracic, extrapulmonary hydatid cyst in a broiler rabbit
Authors: Sreekumar C. , Kirubakaran A. , Venkataramanan R. , Selvan P. , Anilkumar R. , Iyue M. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus, a zoonotic tapeworm with a dog-herbivore life cycle, is known to use ruminants, horses, pigs, etc., as intermediate hosts. Natural infections of hydatid cysts have not been documented in small animals like rabbits in India. This paper records spontaneous intrathoracic, extrapulmonary hydatid cysts of E. granulosus in a cage reared rabbit. The presence of non-invasive unilocular cyst with typical protoscolices containing rostellar hooks favoured the diagnosis of E. granulosus over E. multilocularis, the only other Echinococcus species found in India. The presence of fertile hydatid cyst points to the fact that rabbits can also act as natural intermediate hosts for E. granulosus. The significance of the findings in relation to public health importance is discussed.