bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological Correlates of Complement Coercion
Authors: Kuperberg Gina R. , Choi Arim , Cohn Neil , Paczynski Martin , Jackendoff Ray 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study examined the electrophysiological correlates of complement coercion. ERPs were measured as participants read and made acceptability judgments about plausible coerced sentences, plausible noncoerced sentences, and highly implausible animacy-violated sentences (“The journalist began/wrote/astonished the article before his coffee break”). Relative to noncoerced complement nouns, the coerced nouns evoked an N400 effect. This effect was not modulated by the number of possible activities implied by the coerced nouns (e.g., began reading the article; began writing the article) and did not differ either in magnitude or scalp distribution from the N400 effect evoked by the animacy-violated complement nouns. We suggest that the N400 modulation to both coerced and animacy-violated complement nouns reflected different types of mismatches between the semantic restrictions of the verb and the semantic properties of the incoming complement noun. This is consistent with models holding that a verb's semantic argument structure is represented and stored at a distinct level from its syntactic argument structure. Unlike the coerced complement noun, the animacy-violated nouns also evoked a robust P600 effect, which may have been triggered by the judgments of the highly implausible (syntactically determined) meanings of the animacy-violated propositions. No additional ERP effects were seen in the coerced sentences until the sentence-final word that, relative to sentence-final words in the noncoerced sentences, evoked a sustained anteriorly distributed positivity. We suggest that this effect reflected delayed attempts to retrieve the specific event(s) implied by coerced complement nouns.
Medial Temporal Lobe Activity during Source Retrieval Reflects Information Type, not Memory Strength
Authors: Diana Rachel A. , Yonelinas Andrew P. , Ranganath Charan 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The medial temporal lobes (MTLs) are critical for episodic memory but the functions of MTL subregions are controversial. According to memory strength theory, MTL subregions collectively support declarative memory in a graded manner. In contrast, other theories assert that MTL subregions support functionally distinct processes. For instance, one view is that perirhinal cortex (PRc) processes item information, parahippocampal cortex (PHc) processes context information, and the hippocampus binds item and context. Here, we report two experiments that tested competing predictions from these models. In these studies, subjects encoded color–word associations by imagining color either as a contextual association (context detail condition) or as a feature of the item to be encoded (item detail condition). Results showed that encoding color information as an item detail improved source recognition in amnesic patients with recollection deficits. Furthermore, event-related fMRI data from healthy subjects revealed PRc activation associated with successful retrieval of item details, whereas activation in the hippocampus and PHc was associated with recollection-based source retrieval. The qualitatively different patterns of results observed in PRc and hippocampus/PHc are inconsistent with a memory strength account and are consistent with the idea that different MTL regions process different types of episodic information.
Mental Rotation Requires Visual Short-term Memory: Evidence from Human Electric Cortical Activity
Authors: Prime David J. , Jolicoeur Pierre 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to seek evidence that mental rotation is accomplished by transforming a representation held in visual short-term memory (VSTM). In order to accomplish this goal, we utilized the sustained posterior contralateral negativity (SPCN), an electrophysiological index of the maintenance of information in VSTM. We hypothesized that if mental rotation is accomplished by transforming a representation held in VSTM, then the duration that this representation is maintained in VSTM should be related to the degree to which the representation must be rotated to reach the desired orientation. Therefore, the SPCN should offset at progressively longer latencies as the degree of rotation required increases. We tested this prediction in two experiments utilizing rotated alphanumeric characters. Experiment 1 utilized a normal versus mirror discrimination task that is known to require mental rotation. Experiment 2 utilized a letter versus digit discrimination, a task that does not require mental rotation. In Experiment 1, the offset latency of the SPCN wave increased with increases in the angle of rotation of the target. This effect indicates that targets were maintained in VSTM for longer durations as the angle of rotation increased. Experiment 2 revealed that target orientation did not affect SPCN offset latency when subjects did not adopt a mental rotation strategy, confirming that the effects on the SPCN latency effects observed in Experiment 1 were not due to the mere presentation of rotated patterns. Thus, these two experiments provide clear evidence that mental rotation involves representations maintained in VSTM.
Paratylenchus paraperaticus sp. n. (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae) found in the rhizosphere of walnut trees in Hamadan province, Iran
Authors: Kashi Leila , Karegar Akbar , Kheiri Ahmad 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
During a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with walnut trees in
Hamadan province, west Iran, several species of Longidoridae and infraorder
Tylenchomorpha, including Paratylenchus paraperaticus sp. n., were
identified. Paratylenchus paraperaticus sp. n. is characterised by its small
size (255-385 μm), young female vermiform and ventrally curved, older female
obese, swollen in prevulvar region and J- or W-shaped; truncate conical head
with distinct and laterally protruding submedian lobes; long and flexible
stylet (75.0-96.5 μm); body cuticle with fine and smooth annuli in young
females, but in older females ornamented with minute reflective tubercles or
irregularities that are confined mostly to the neck region; lateral field
with four lines; presence of lateral vulval flaps; rounded to ovoid
spermatheca filled with small, rounded sperm; and conical and ventrally
curved tail with pointed to finely rounded terminus.
On the vulval morphology of some species of Bursaphelenchus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchinae)
Authors: Vieira Paulo , Ryss Alexander , Santos Ana Rita , Mota Manuel 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The vulval pattern of six species of the genus Bursaphelenchus (B. abruptus,
B. conicaudatus, B. fraudulentus, B. luxuriosae, B. mucronatus and B.
xylophilus) was studied using scanning electron microscopy. A terminology
for the vulval region structures observed is proposed herein and illustrated
by micrographs and line drawings. It was shown that, of the studied species,
only B. mucronatus and B. xylophilus share an identical morphology of the
vulval region, all other species differing significantly from each other and
from both B. mucronatus and B. xylophilus. This study indicates the
diagnostic potential for variation in vulval morphology within
Bursaphelenchus and it is recommended that such features are recorded in all
future descriptions.
Operation Babylift or Babyabduction?
Authors: Bergquist Kathleen Ja Sook 
Published: August 2009

English The Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption does not fully protect children from the purportedly well-intended, but illegal, humanitarian impulses to evacuate children in times of crisis, as evidenced by Operation Babylift and the attempt to airlift children from Chad. French La Convention de la Haye sur la Protection des Enfants et la Coopération relative à l’adoption internationale ne protègent pas entièrement les enfants des impulsions humanitaires soi-disant bien intentionnées, mais illégales, d’évacuer des enfants par temps de crise comme en a fait la preuve l’affaire de l’Arche de Zoé et la tentative d’enlever par pont aérien des enfants du Tchad. Spanish La Convención de La Haya para la Protección de Niños y Cooperación en Respeto de la Adopción entre Países no protege demasiado a los niños de la acción bienintencionada de impulso humanitario, pero ilegal, para evacuar a los niños en tiempos de crisis como fue evidenciado por la Operación Recogida de Niños y el intento de sacar niños de Chad.
Social policy approaches to intercountry adoption
Authors: Dickens Jonathan 
Published: August 2009

English This article proposes a social policy framework for thinking about inter country adoption, drawing on theories of welfare regimes and globalization. The model highlights the tensions and ambiguities of its policy contexts and consequences. It also shows the possibilities for a radical approach, discussing Romania’s ban on intercountry adoption as an example. French Cet article propose d’utiliser le cadre des politiques sociales pour considérer l’adoption internationale, en s’inspirant des théories des régimes de ‘ welfare’ (sécurité sociale) et de la mondialisation. Le modèle met en évidence les tensions et les ambiguïtés des contextes de ces politiques et leurs conséquences. Il montre aussi les possibilités d’émergence d’une radicalisation de l’approche, en prenant en exemple l’interdiction de la Roumanie pour l’adoption internationale. Spanish Este artículo propone un marco de acción de política social para reflexionar en torno a la adopción entre países, con base en las teorías de los regímenes de bienestar en la globalización. El modelo subraya las tensiones y ambigüedades de los contextos de política y sus consecuencias. Asimismo muestra las pos ibilidades para un acercamiento radical, mediante la discusión de la prohibición Rumana de la adopción entre países, como ejemplo.
Being adopted
Authors: Juffer Femmie , Tieman Wendy 
Published: August 2009

English Dutch adoptive parents of 1233 children adopted from China and 412 children adopted from India reported on their children’s interest in adoption and feelings about being adopted. Girls showed more interest in adoption than boys and many children expressed the wish to look white or non-Chinese. French Les parents adoptifs hollandais de 1233 enfants adoptés en provenance de la Chine et de 412 enfants adoptés en provenance de l’Inde rendent compte de l’intérêt de leurs enfants pour l’adoption et de leurs ressentis face à l’adoption. Les filles montrent plus d’intérêt pour l’adoption que les garçons et beaucoup d’enfants ont exprimé le désir de paraître blancs ou non-chinois. Spanish Los padres adoptivos holandeses de 1233 niños de China y 412 niños de India reportaron sobre los intereses de los niños en la adopción y sus sentimientos acerca de ser adoptados. Las niñas mostraron más interés en la adopción que los niños y muchos de ellos expresaron el deseo de parecer blancos o no Chinos.
Platelet-associated complement factor H in healthy persons and patients with atypical HUS
Authors: Licht Christoph , Pluthero Fred G. , Li Ling , Christensen Hilary , Habbig Sandra , Hoppe Bernd , Geary Denis F. , Zipfel Peter F. , Kahr Walter H. A. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is associated with complement system dysregulation, and more than 25% of pediatric aHUS cases are linked to mutations in complement factor H (CFH) or CFH autoantibodies. The observation of thrombocytopenia and platelet-rich thrombi in the glomerular microvasculature indicates that platelets are intimately involved in aHUS pathogenesis. It has been reported that a releasable pool of platelet CFH originates from α-granules. We observed that platelet CFH can arise from endogenous synthesis in megakaryocytes and that platelets constitutively lacking α-granules contain CFH. Electron and high-resolution laser fluorescence confocal microscopy revealed that CFH was present throughout the cytoplasm and on the surface of normal resting platelets with no evident concentration in α-granules, lysosomes, or dense granules. Therapeutic plasma transfusion in a CFH-null aHUS patient revealed that circulating platelets take up CFH with similar persistence of CFH in platelets and plasma in vivo. Washed normal platelets were also observed to take up labeled CFH in vitro. Exposure of washed normal platelets to plasma of an aHUS patient with CFH autoantibodies produced partial platelet aggregation or agglutination, which was prevented by preincubation of platelets with purified CFH. This CFH-dependent response did not involve P-selectin mobilization, indicating a complement-induced platelet response distinct from α-granule secretion.
Multiparametric analysis of cytokine-driven human Th17 differentiation reveals a differential regulation of IL-17 and IL-22 production
Authors: Volpe Elisabetta , Touzot Maxime , Servant Nicolas , Marloie-Provost Marie-Annick , Hupé Philippe , Barillot Emmanuel , Soumelis Vassili 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells produce IL-17 but can also make tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)–6, IL-10, IL-21, and IL-22. These cytokines collectively contribute to the functional outcome of the Th response. IL-22 plays a critical role in some Th17-associated diseases, such as psoriasis, but its relationship to IL-17 remains controversial. Here, we used a systematic multiparametric analysis of Th-17-associated cytokines, which revealed the unexpected finding that the regulation pattern of IL-22 was most closely related to interferon-γ, the prototypical Th1 cytokine, and not to IL-17. To explain this observation, we systematically tested the role of Th1- and Th17-inducing cytokines. We could show that IL-12 and IL-23 induced high levels of IL-22 but no IL-17. Conversely, transforming growth factor-β inhibited IL-22 production but promoted IL-17. Thus, IL-17 and IL-22 are differentially regulated during cytokine-induced Th cell differentiation. This has important implications for the understanding and pharmacologic manipulation of Th17-associated pathologies.
Metal-controlled Reversal of Enantioselectivity in Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring-opening Reactions of meso-Epoxides in Water
Authors: Kokubo Masaya , Naito Takeshi , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Reversal of enantioselectivity in Cu–chiral bipyridine catalyzed asymmetric ring-opening reactions of meso-epoxides with indole and aniline derivatives was observed compared to Sc–chiral bipyridine catalyzed reactions, where the same chiral ligand was used. It was revealed from X-ray crystal structural analysis that a square pyramidal structure for the Cu(II) complex and a pentagonal bipyramidal structure for the Sc(III) complex were formed, which could explain the reversal of the enantioselectivity.
Intramolecular Addition of Toluenesulfonamide to Unactivated Alkenes Catalyzed by Gold Nanoclusters under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Kitahara Hiroaki , Kamiya Ikuyo , Sakurai Hidehiro 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Gold nanoclusters stabilized by a hydrophilic polymer, poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (Au:PVP), catalyzed the intramolecular addition of toluenesulfonamide to unactivated alkenes in EtOH under aerobic conditions.
Lamellar Mesostructured Aluminum Organophosphonate with Unique Crystalline Framework
Authors: Kimura Tatsuo , Nakashima Daisuke , Miyamoto Nobuyoshi 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Lamellar mesostructured aluminum organophosphonate (AOP-1) with unique inorganic–organic hybrid framework can be prepared from the reactions of aluminium triisopropoxide with methylene diphosphonic acid in the presence of alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants, which is the first example of the preparation of layered aluminum organophosphonate with pure hybrid framework mainly composed of Al, P, and organic group.
Heterogeneously Catalyzed One-pot Synthesis of Aldimines from Primary Alcohols and Amines by Supported Ruthenium Hydroxides
Authors: Kim Jung Won , He Jinling , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The one-pot synthesis of aldimines from primary alcohols and amines via sequential reactions of alcohol oxidation and dehydrative condensation could efficiently be promoted by supported ruthenium hydroxide catalysts, in particular Ru(OH)x/TiO2. The observed catalysis was truly heterogeneous and the retrieved catalyst could be reused without an appreciable loss of high catalytic performance.
Oxidation of Unsymmetrically Substituted Quaterthiophene with Two Terminal Ferrocenyl Groups
Authors: Sato Masa-aki , Kamine Hirokazu 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
An unsymmetrically substituted quaterthiophene with two terminal ferrocenyl groups was prepared as a long π-conjugated system. Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies were carried out to evaluate the electronic and/or electrostatic communication between the two terminals. The one-electron oxidation would occur at one ferrocene moiety specified due to the unsymmetry of the oligothiophene moiety. The one-electron oxidizing species extended into the oligothiophene moiety apparently interacts with the other terminal ferrocene moiety.
Magnetic nano- and microparticles in biotechnology
Authors: Safarik Ivo , Safarikova Mirka 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBoth synthetic and biologically produced magnetic nano- and microparticles exhibit several types of responses to external magnetic field which have been already employed in various areas of biosciences, biotechnology, medicine, environmental technology, etc. This short review shows selected important biotechnological applications of magnetic particles, and the biological processes leading to biogenic magnetic particles formation.
Ternary composites of multi-wall carbon nanotubes, polyaniline, and noble-metal nanoparticles for potential applications in electrocatalysis
Authors: Sapurina Irina , Stejskal Jaroslav 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMulti-wall carbon nanotubes were coated with a conducting polymer, polyaniline phosphotungstate. Such composite structures have mixed electronic and proton conductivity, high surface area and porosity. These materials were decorated with catalytically-active noble metals — Pt, Pd, and Rh. Metal nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. Such ternary composites can be considered as electrode materials in sensors, electrolysers, supercapacitors, and especially in low-temperature fuel cells with a proton-conducting polymer membrane.
Volume equation for <i>Populus deltoides</i> plantation in western Terai of Nepal
Authors: Gautam SK , Thapa HB 
Published: August 2009

Allometric equations for estimating timber volume of Populus deltoides in plantation trial of Populus deltoides were developed. Direct measurement of 60 trees in western Nepal was done for this purpose. Six models were tested with simple linear regression analysis technique. The best fit equation for volume was quadratic (0.1500 - 0.0205DBH + 0.00105*DBH2) with diameter at breast height as an independent variable. Model recommended for estimating volume is based on diameter at breast height, because of the simplicity, easy to measure accurately in the field and the most common variable recorded in forest inventories. This model gave highest degree of determination (R2=0.88), and lowest standard error among the tested models. Keywords: Populus deltoids, volume, equation doi: 10.3126/banko.v17i2.2158 Banko Janakari, Vol. 17, No. 2, 70-73
Commercial utilization of Allo (<i>Girardinia diversifolia</i>) by the Rais of Sankhuwasabha for income generation
Authors: Barakoti Tanka P , Shresta Keshav P 
Published: August 2009

Studies carried out during 1999 and 2000 on utilization of Allo (Girardinia diversifolia L.) in the eastern hills revealed that traditional knowledge was highly used in developing commercial enterprise of this species. Surveys conducted on various aspects of this species through semi-structured interview identified that Allo has become an established income generating commodity in Bala, Sisuwa, Tamku and Mangtewa VDCs of Sankhuwasabha district. Time line showed that Allo activities were started by Kulung Rais from 1950, but increased after 1993. The community started to make fancy items, such as varieties of bags, jewellery purse to travel bags, coat cloth, and ladies items-shawl, brassier, when the outsiders took interest in Allo products. Dyeing was also practiced according to customers' demand using local plants: Majitho, Banmara, Chutro, Dar. For spinning, bamboo made hand spindle called Katuwa was used (94.8 % respondents). It is handy and easy to spin thread while walking. Weaving was done in locally made wooden handloom. Traditional processing method adopted was: green lokta- drying (2-3 days), boiling with wood ash, washing, drying, dry fibre- mixing with micaceous clay (Kamero). Wood ash was used to boil easily (39 %) and also make the fibre soft (20.8 %). No idea about the use of caustic soda instead of ash. The quantity of ash for one Dharni (2.5 kg) of lokta varied 4-24 Manas (1 Mana equals about 300g). White clay was used @ 2 kg for 2.5 kg dry lokta to make the fibre soft and easy for spinning (62.3 %). Keywords: Allo, Enterprise development,Indigenous knowledge, Rai, Sankhuwasabha. doi: 10.3126/banko.v18i1.2162 Banko Janakari, Vol. 18, No. 1, 18-24
Improving the livelihoods of the poor and marginalized in Nepal through leasehold forestry and livestock program: A review of institutional constraints and opportunities
Authors: Regmi BR , Albano A , Kumar C , Sharma GB 
Published: August 2009

The study looks at the opportunities and constraints of the contributions made by forest institutions to improve the livelihoods of the poorest, through an analysis of the Leasehold Forestry (LF) programme in Nepal - a forestry programme that aims to help alleviate poverty of forest dependent communities by leasing degraded land to the poorest. Data and analysis were primarily based from review of literature, consultations with key informants, field visits, and complemented by the authors' direct involvement in the implementation of LF programme. Although intended to improve the lives of the poorest, the LF programme could negatively affect the poorest when it excludes them or when it causes their displacement from the land that the poorest depend for their livelihoods. Such negative impacts of LF program can be attributed to its improper implementation and design. To improve its effectiveness and impact, awareness campaigns should be improved using diverse modes of communication, more line agencies should be involved in the implementation by transferring the implementation responsibility to a district-level project coordination committee, and some programme provisions should be changed in favour of the poor. Key words: Forest institutions, leasehold forestry, poverty alleviation, Nepal doi: 10.3126/banko.v18i2.2168 Banko Janakari, Vol. 18, No. 2, 10-17