bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Context dependency of nectar reward‐guided oviposition
Authors: Kessler Danny 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNectar is the most common floral reward used to recruit pollination services. Changes in nectar volume may affect not only pollination services, but also the attraction of antagonists such as herbivores, especially if the same insect species acts as herbivore and pollinator. Plants compete with each other for the best pollination services, at the same time employing various strategies to avoid herbivory. Datura wrightii Regel and Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex Watson, two sympatric solanaceous species, compete for the same hawkmoth pollinator, Manduca quinquemaculata (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), although standing nectar volume per flower differs 50‐fold (70 vs. 1.3 μl, respectively) between these species. This large difference may also result in differences in oviposition rates. I conducted a detailed analysis of diurnal changes in nectar volume and sugar concentration in field‐ and glasshouse‐grown D. wrightii and N. attenuata plants, and tested how well nectar production is buffered against the loss of large amounts of foliar tissue that frequently occurs due to M. quinquemaculata larval herbivory. I examined the influence of nectar volume on herbivore damage in the field and compared the results with previously published data from N. attenuata which were collected simultaneously. Oviposition by M. quinquemaculata moths increased significantly in D. wrightii plants whose nectar volume had been experimentally increased five‐fold compared to untreated control plants, and correlated with the numbers of flowers per plant in native populations. The results suggest that a hawkmoth mother may use standing nectar volume of a potential host plant to estimate its size, and possibly health, to make the optimal decision for her progeny. This mode of assessment, however, is apparently not used with another plant species, as other more herbivory‐related cues, such as olfaction or vision, are more influential in determining oviposition rates on other plant species. Yet within a plant species, regulating nectar volume strongly influences future herbivory.
Renal aspects of thalassaemia a changing paradigm
Authors: Bhandari Sunil , Galanello Renzo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBeta‐thalassaemia is characterised by progressive anaemia necessitating regular blood transfusions to sustain life. With the advent of effective chelating agents that can reduce the iron burden and extend patients' survival, renal disease, as in other ageing populations, has become more prevalent. In recent years, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become overwhelming; indeed, approximately 8% or 6 million people of the UK population has evidence of CKD. Several factors, which occur in patients with thalassaemia, account for the relative explosion of renal disease in the general population including increasing age, diabetes, hypertension and the advent of novel measures of renal function facilitating early detection of kidney disease. In addition, some patients with thalassaemia develop renal tubular dysfunction related to the disease itself, the effects of iron overload and the effects of chelator therapy, while other patients have an increased creatinine clearance leading to hyperfiltration. More recently, there is a noticeable increasing prevalence of impaired renal function and proteinuria because of several putative factors including chelators. We review current data on the potential mechanisms leading to renal abnormalities seen in patients with thalassaemia, the potential effects of iron loading within the kidney and the potential renal effects of chelator therapy. This article gives a speculative account of possible mechanisms and theories to consider providing pause for thought and direct future research in this area.
Influence of Carbon Content on Surface Quality of Solid‐State Sintered SiC Ceramics
Authors: Gao Jianqin , Chen Jian , Liu Guiling , Yan Yongjie , Huang Zhengren 
Published: June 2012

Influence of carbon content on surface quality of solid‐state sintered
SiC
ceramics with nearly full density was first investigated. Comparison study was carried out with varying carbon contents of 2, 3, and 6 wt%, respectively. Investigation on surface morphology using atomic force microscope reveals that residual carbon presents as protuberances on the polished surface. The surface quality of the polished samples was improved by decreasing carbon content, and with 2 wt% carbon, the surface quality can reach 0.7 nm rms surface roughness after polishing. It offers a material‐design approach to improve surface quality of solid‐state sintered
SiC
ceramics.
Impact of pregnancy on health‐related quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: ANANTHAKRISHNAN Ashwin N , ZADVORNOVA Yelena , NAIK Amar S , ISSA Mazen , PERERA Lilani P 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of pregnancy on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsThis was a retrospective study in a tertiary referral center and included women with ≥2 short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (SIBDQ) scores obtained during their pregnancy. Regression models were used to identify independent factors influencing SIBDQ scores and changes of SIBDQ scores at different time points.ResultsA total of 32 women (23 CD, 9 UC) with a mean age at pregnancy of 29.4 years and a mean disease duration of 7.8 years were included in the study. The mean pre‐pregnancy SIBDQ score in our cohort was 49, which was significantly lower than the values during (55, P < 0.001) and post‐pregnancy (53, P = 0.01). The score during pregnancy directly correlated with the pre‐pregnancy SIBDQ score (correlation co‐efficient 0.50, P = 0.003). Half of the patients had a ≥7‐point increase in SIBDQ scores during pregnancy. Change in SIBDQ scores during pregnancy was inversely related to the pre‐pregnancy score (−0.47, 95% CI −0.75 to −0.20) and changes in disease activity during pregnancy (−1.80, 95% CI −0.75 to −0.20).ConclusionsHalf of the pregnant women with IBD in our cohort experienced improvement in their HRQoL. Pre‐pregnancy HRQoL is predictive of HRQoL during pregnancy, supporting the need for optimizing disease activity prior to conception.
Herbicide cycling has diverse effects on evolution of resistance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Lagator Mato , Vogwill Tom , Colegrave Nick , Neve Paul 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCycling pesticides has been proposed as a means of retarding the evolution of resistance, but its efficacy has rarely been empirically tested. We evolved populations of
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the presence of three herbicides: atrazine, glyphosate and carbetamide. Populations were exposed to a weekly, biweekly and triweekly cycling between all three pairwise combinations of herbicides and continuously to each of the three herbicides. We explored the impacts of herbicide cycling on the rate of resistance evolution, the level of resistance selected, the cost of resistance and the degree of generality (cross‐resistance) observed. Herbicide cycling resulted in a diversity of outcomes: preventing evolution of resistance for some combinations of herbicides, having no impacts for others and increasing rates of resistance evolution in some instances. Weekly cycling of atrazine and carbetamide resulted in selection of a generalist population. This population had a higher level of resistance, and this generalist resistance was associated with a cost. The level of resistance selected did not vary amongst other regimes. Costs of resistance were generally highest when cycling was more frequent. Our data suggest that the effects of herbicide cycling on the evolution of resistance may be more complex and less favourable than generally assumed.
Engaging Communities in Education and Research: PBRNs, AHEC, and CTSA
Authors: Westfall John M. , Ingram Beth , Navarro Daniel , Magee Deidre , Niebauer Linda , Zittleman Linda , Fernald Douglas , Pace Wilson 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground: Community engagement has become a prominent element in medical research and is an important component of the Clinical and Translational Science Awards program. Area Health Education Centers engage communities in education and workforce development.Methods: Engaging Communities in Education and Research (ECER) is a successful collaboration among the Colorado Area Health Education Center (AHEC), the Colorado Clinical Translational Science Institute, and Shared Network of Collaborative Ambulatory Practices and Partners—Colorado’s practice‐based research collaborative. The ECER Conference is an annual conference of community members, health care providers, clinical preceptors, AHEC board members, university faculty, primary care investigators, program administrators, and community organization leaders.Results: Over 1,000 people have participated in the ECER Conference representing all regions of Colorado. Several projects from the “new ideas” breakout session have been developed and completed. Six‐month follow‐up provided evidence of numerous new collaborations, campus‐community partnerships, and developing research projects. Several new collaborations highlight the long‐term nature of building on relationships started at the ECER Conference.Discussion and Conclusion: ECER has been a successful collaboration to develop and support campus‐community collaborations in Colorado. Although seemingly just a simple 3‐day conference, we have found that this event has lead to many important partnerships. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume #: 1–9
Use of chemicals and biological products in Asian aquaculture and their potential environmental risks: a critical review
Authors: Rico Andreu , Satapornvanit Kriengkrai , Haque Mohammad M. , Min Jiang , Nguyen Phuong T. , Telfer Trevor C. , van den Brink Paul J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOver the past few decades, Asian aquaculture production has intensified rapidly through the adoption of technological advances, and the use of a wide array of chemical and biological products to control sediment and water quality and to treat and prevent disease outbreaks. The use of chemicals in aquaculture farms has raised environmental concerns owing to their potential impacts on downstream aquatic ecosystems. Currently little is known about the environmental fate and effects of the chemicals used in Asian aquaculture. Consequently, we reviewed recent information on the use of chemical and biological products in the most important Asian aquaculture producing countries and briefly summarize their main potential environmental impacts. We provide an overview of the main factors controlling the use of these chemicals and describe the international risk assessment guidelines available for aquaculture chemicals. Finally, data gaps and research needs for their implementation in Asian countries are discussed. Our review aims to form a basis for developing environmental risk assessment studies of the chemicals used in Asian aquaculture.
Non‐thermal Nanoelectroablation of UV‐induced Murine Melanomas Stimulates an Immune Response
Authors: Nuccitelli Richard , Tran Kevin , Lui Kaying , Huynh Joanne , Athos Brian , Kreis Mark , Nuccitelli Pamela , De Fabo Edward C. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryNon‐thermal nanoelectroablation therapy completely ablates UV‐induced murine melanomas. C57/BL6‐HGF/SF transgenic mice were exposed to UV radiation as pups and began to develop visible melanomas 5–6 months later. We have treated 27 of these melanomas in 14 mice with nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) therapy delivering 2000 electric pulses each 100 ns long and 30 kV/cm at a rate of 5–7 pulses per second. All nanoelectroablated melanoma tumors began to shrink within a day after treatment and gradually disappeared over a period of 12–29 days. Pyknosis of nuclei was evident within 1 h of nsPEF treatment, and DNA fragmentation as detected by TUNEL staining was evident by 6 h after nsPEF treatment. In a melanoma allograft system, nsPEF treatment was superior to tumor excision at accelerating secondary tumor rejection in immune‐competent mice, suggesting enhanced stimulation of a protective immune response by nsPEF‐treated melanomas. This is supported by the presence of CD4+‐T cells within treated tumors as well as within untreated tumors located in mice with other melanomas that had been treated with nanoelectroablation at least 19 days earlier.
Willing or unwilling to share primary biodiversity data: results and implications of an international survey
Authors: Huang Xiaolei , Hawkins Bradford A. , Lei Fumin , Miller Gary L. , Favret Colin , Zhang Ruiling , Qiao Gexia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBiodiversity science and conservation increasingly depend on the sharing and integration of large amounts of data, but many researchers resist sharing their primary biodiversity data. We recently conducted an international survey to ascertain the attitudes, experiences, and expectations regarding biodiversity data sharing and archiving of researchers. The results show that whereas most respondents are willing to share article‐related biodiversity data, more than 60% of respondents are unwilling to share primary data before publishing. Results indicate an underdeveloped culture of data sharing and several major technological and operational barriers. A major concern for researchers is appropriate benefits from data sharing. Most respondents would accept data archiving policies of journals. Researchers also express concerns about how to easily and efficiently deal with data and data quality in public databases. Expectations for biodiversity databases include standardization of data format, user‐friendly data submission tools, formats for different types of data, and coordination among databases. The survey results provide suggestions for improving data sharing and archiving by individual scientists, organizations, journals, and databases.
HumanEscherichia colistrains of different geographical and time source: bacteriocin types and their gene sequences are population‐specific
Authors: Šmajs David , Čejková Darina , Micenková Lenka , Lima‐Bittencourt Claudia I. , Chartone‐Souza Edmar , Šmarda Jan , Nascimento Andréa M. A. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryBacteriocin production was tested in two sets ofEscherichia colistrains: one isolated in 1978 from healthy children of rubber tree tappers and Indians in Amazonia,Brazil (n = 35), and the second one isolated in 2004 from healthy adult volunteers in theMoravia region,CzechRepublic (n = 53). Although the occurrence of bacteriocin production was rather similar in both groups (54.3% and 43.4% respectively), the spectra of bacteriocin‐encoding determinants in both groups were different. Altogether, 12 different bacteriocin‐encoding determinants were found among the tested strains. The occurrence of colicinE1‐ andY‐genes was higher (P = 0.02 andP = 0.009 respectively) while the occurrence of microcinVgene was lower (P = 0.02) amongAmazonian strains compared withMoravian strains. The colicin‐encoding determinants of colicins Ia,M,YandE1 were amplified fromAmazonian andMoravian producer strains and sequenced, as were chromosomal 16SrRNA,gyrBandtonBgenes. While sequence alignments of chromosomal loci revealed no clusters with respect to geographical origin of strains, the colicin‐encoding genes were very similar among the strains of each origin but different between the two geographic groups.
Draft Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Hamiltonella defensa,” an Endosymbiont of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Rao Qiong , Wang Shuang , Su Yun-Lin , Bing Xiao-Li , Liu Shu-Sheng , Wang Xiao-Wei 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

“
Candidatus
Hamiltonella defensa” is a facultative endosymbiont of the whitefly
Bemisia tabaci
. Herein, we report the first draft genome sequence of “
Candidatus
Hamiltonella defensa” from the invasive Mediterranean cryptic species of the
B. tabaci
complex. The 1.84-Mbp genome sequence comprises 404 contigs and contains 1,806 predicted protein-coding genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Enterococcus faecium Strain LCT-EF90
Authors: Chang De , Zhu Yuanfang , Zou Yuanqiang , Fang Xiangqun , Li Tianzhi , Wang Junfeng , Guo Yinghua , Su Longxiang , Xia Jingjing , Yang Ruifu , Fang Chengxiang , Liu Changting 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Enterococcus faecium
is an opportunistic human pathogen, found widely in the human gastrointestinal tract, and can also be isolated from a variety of plants, animals, insects, and other environmental sources. Here, we present the fine draft genome sequence of
E. faecium
LCT-EF90.
Draft Genome Sequence of Rhodococcus sp. Strain P14, a Biodegrader of High-Molecular-Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Zhang Ying , Qin Fujun , Qiao Jing , Li Gangmin , Shen Chenghui , Huang Tongwang , Hu Zhong 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

The genus
Rhodococcus
is known for its ability to degrade various xenobiotic compounds.
Rhodococcus
sp. strain P14 isolated from crude oil-contaminated sediments can degrade mineral oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The draft genome sequence of
Rhodococcus
sp. P14 was obtained using Solexa technology, which provided an invaluable genetic background for further investigation of the ability of P14 to degrade xenobiotic compounds.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiotic Bacterium Bradyrhizobium elkanii 587
Authors: de Souza Jackson Antônio Marcondes , Tieppo Eduardo , Magnani Giovana de Souza , Alves Lucia Maria Carareto , Cardoso Rodrigo Luís , Cruz Leonardo Magalhães , de Oliveira Lucas Ferrari , Raittz Roberto Tadeu , de Souza Emanuel Maltempi , Pedrosa Fábio de Oliveira , Lemos Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

The draft sequence of the genome of
Bradyrhizobium elkanii
587 is presented. This was obtained using Illumina Next-Gen DNA sequencing combined with Sanger sequencing. Genes for the pathways involved in biological nitrogen fixation (the
nif
gene cluster),
nod
genes including
nodABC
, and genes for the type III protein secretion system (T3SS) are present.
Genome Sequence of Listeria monocytogenes 07PF0776, a Cardiotropic Serovar 4b Strain
Authors: McMullen P. David , Gillaspy Allison F. , Gipson Jenny , Bobo Linda D. , Skiest Daniel J. , Freitag Nancy E. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
is a food-borne bacterial pathogen commonly associated with serious invasive infections of the central nervous system or of the developing fetus. We present the genome sequence of
Listeria monocytogenes
07PF0776, a serovar 4b isolate from a human myocardial abscess that exhibits enhanced invasion of cardiac tissue.
The AlternativeTranslational Profile That Underlies the Immune-Evasive State of Persistence in Chlamydiaceae Exploits Differential Tryptophan Contents of the Protein Repertoire
Authors: Lo Chien-Chi , Xie Gary , Bonner Carol A. , Jensen Roy A. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARY

One form of immune evasion is a developmental state called “persistence” whereby chlamydial pathogens respond to the host-mediated withdrawal of
l
-tryptophan (Trp). A sophisticated survival mode of reversible quiescence is implemented. A mechanism has evolved which suppresses gene products necessary for rapid pathogen proliferation but allows expression of gene products that underlie the morphological and developmental characteristics of persistence. This switch from one translational profile to an alternative translational profile of newly synthesized proteins is proposed to be accomplished by maximizing the Trp content of some proteins needed for rapid proliferation (e.g., ADP/ATP translocase, hexose-phosphate transporter, phosphoenolpyruvate [PEP] carboxykinase, the Trp transporter, the Pmp protein superfamily for cell adhesion and antigenic variation, and components of the cell division pathway) while minimizing the Trp content of other proteins supporting the state of persistence. The Trp starvation mechanism is best understood in the human-
Chlamydia trachomatis
relationship, but the similarity of up-Trp and down-Trp proteomic profiles in all of the pathogenic
Chlamydiaceae
suggests that Trp availability is an underlying cue relied upon by this family of pathogens to trigger developmental transitions. The biochemically expensive pathogen strategy of selectively increased Trp usage to guide the translational profile can be leveraged significantly with minimal overall Trp usage by (i) regional concentration of Trp residue placements, (ii) amplified Trp content of a single protein that is required for expression or maturation of multiple proteins with low Trp content, and (iii) Achilles'-heel vulnerabilities of complex pathways to high Trp content of one or a few enzymes.
Biology of the Heat Shock Response and Protein Chaperones: Budding Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a Model System
Authors: Verghese Jacob , Abrams Jennifer , Wang Yanyu , Morano Kevin A. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThe eukaryotic heat shock response is an ancient and highly conserved transcriptional program that results in the immediate synthesis of a battery of cytoprotective genes in the presence of thermal and other environmental stresses. Many of these genes encode molecular chaperones, powerful protein remodelers with the capacity to shield, fold, or unfold substrates in a context-dependent manner. The budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaecontinues to be an invaluable model for driving the discovery of regulatory features of this fundamental stress response. In addition, budding yeast has been an outstanding model system to elucidate the cell biology of protein chaperones and their organization into functional networks. In this review, we evaluate our understanding of the multifaceted response to heat shock. In addition, the chaperone complement of the cytosol is compared to those of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, organelles with their own unique protein homeostasis milieus. Finally, we examine recent advances in the understanding of the roles of protein chaperones and the heat shock response in pathogenic fungi, which is being accelerated by the wealth of information gained for budding yeast.
Viral Quasispecies Evolution
Authors: Domingo Esteban , Sheldon Julie , Perales Celia 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYEvolution of RNA viruses occurs through disequilibria of collections of closely related mutant spectra or mutant clouds termed viral quasispecies. Here we review the origin of the quasispecies concept and some biological implications of quasispecies dynamics. Two main aspects are addressed: (i) mutant clouds as reservoirs of phenotypic variants for virus adaptability and (ii) the internal interactions that are established within mutant spectra that render a virus ensemble the unit of selection. The understanding of viruses as quasispecies has led to new antiviral designs, such as lethal mutagenesis, whose aim is to drive viruses toward low fitness values with limited chances of fitness recovery. The impact of quasispecies for three salient human pathogens, human immunodeficiency virus and the hepatitis B and C viruses, is reviewed, with emphasis on antiviral treatment strategies. Finally, extensions of quasispecies to nonviral systems are briefly mentioned to emphasize the broad applicability of quasispecies theory.