bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size distributions and dispersions along a 485‐year chronosequence for sand dune vegetation
Authors: Waugh Jennifer M. , Aarssen Lonnie W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractUsing a sand dune chronosequence that spans 485 years of primary succession, we collected nearest‐neighbor vegetation data to test two predictions associated with the traditional “size‐advantage” hypothesis for plant competitive ability: (1) the relative representation of larger species should increase in later stages of succession; and (2) resident species that are near neighbors should, over successional time, become more similar in plant body size and/or seed size than expected by random assembly. The first prediction was supported over the time period between mid to later succession, but the second prediction was not; that is, there was no temporal pattern across the chronosequence indicating that either larger resident species, or larger seeded resident species, increasingly exclude smaller ones from local neighborhoods over time. Rather, neighboring species were generally more different from each other in seed sizes than expected by random assembly. As larger species accumulate over time, some relatively small species are lost from later stages of succession, but species size distributions nevertheless remain strongly right‐skewed—even in late succession—and species of disparate sizes are just as likely as in early succession to coexist as immediate neighbors. This local‐scale coexistence of disparate sized neighbors might be accounted for—as in traditional interpretations—in terms of species differences in “physical‐space‐niches” (e.g., involving different rooting depths), combined with possible facilitation effects. We propose, however, that this coexistence may also occur because competitive ability involves more than just a size advantage, with traits associated with survival (tolerance of intense competition) and fecundity (offspring production despite intense competition) being at least equally important.
Efficient Synthesis of Maxonine Analogues from N‐Substituted Benzyl‐1‐formyl‐9H‐β‐carbolines
Authors: Hutait Samiran , Biswas Subhasish , Batra Sanjay 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAcid‐catalyzed Pomeranz–Fritsch‐type reaction between the acetal group at C‐1 and the arene unit of the benzyl group at N‐9 in 9‐substituted benzyl‐1‐(dimethoxymethyl)‐9H‐β‐carboline affords fused‐β‐carbolines that can be readily oxidized to furnish a maxonine‐type framework. Mechanistically, the reaction proceeds via a protonated aldehyde as the intermediate, which undergoes attack by the activated arene subunit of the benzyl moiety. On the other hand, the Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts of 1‐formyl‐N‐substituted benzyl‐9H‐β‐carbolines undergo an efficient P2O5‐mediated intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction between the secondary hydroxy group and the activated phenyl group of the benzyl subunit to yield fused‐β‐carbolines. Investigations into the scope of the substrates reveal that the success of the methodology relies on the degree of activation of the phenyl ring. For substrates having less‐activated phenyl groups, indolizinoindole derivatives were isolated in moderate yields only.
Electrochemical Detection of Metals Using Thick Nanofibrous Nafion Web Modified Electrodes
Authors: Musameh Mustafa M. , Klink Daniela , Choi Jonghyun , Truong Yen Bach , Kyratzis Ilias Louis 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this work, GC electrodes modified with thick electrospun nanofibrous Nafion webs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) and used for the extraction and electrochemical detection of cadmium by differential pulse voltammetry. Cadmium was detected after 10 min incubation at open circuit followed by anodic stripping using 60 s reduction at −1.4 V. The electrode yielded well‐defined, undistorted and reproducible (RSD of 7.0 % based on 10 measurements) voltammetric response with two linear ranges from 0.1 to 3 µM (R2=0.994 ) and from 3 to 10 µM (R2=0.977) and a detection limit and sensitivity of 0.01 µM and 32 and 7.725 µA/µM for both linear portions of the curve respectively.
Thin‐Layer Spectroelectrochemistry on an Aqueous Microdrop
Authors: Schroll Cynthia A. , Chatterjee Sayandev , Heineman William R. , Bryan Samuel A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHere we report a technique to perform thin layer spectroelectrochemistry using an aqueous microdrop. The chemical systems used to demonstrate the aqueous microdrop technique were an absorption based ionic probe [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− and an emission based ionic probe [Ru(bpy)3]3+/2+. The ability of the technique to perform semi‐infinite linear diffusion spectroelectrochemistry on an aqueous microdrop has been previously demonstrated; in this work we were able to demonstrate spectroelectrochemical behavior consistent with the restricted diffusion in a thin layer cell by reducing the analyte volume and the optical path length. The thin‐layer diffusion behavior was illustrated by substantial reduction in peak‐to‐peak separations of the cyclic voltammograms and the significant decrease in electrolysis time compared to the semi‐infinite linear diffusion behavior.
Lifetime Obesity in Patients with Eating Disorders: Increasing Prevalence, Clinical and Personality Correlates
Authors: Villarejo Cynthia , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Peñas‐Lledó Eva , Granero Roser , Penelo Eva , Tinahones Francisco J. , Sancho Carolina , Vilarrasa Nuria , Montserrat‐Gil de Bernabé Mónica , Casanueva Felipe F. , Fernández‐Real Jose Manuel , Frühbeck Gema , De la Torre Rafael , Treasure Janet , Botella Cristina , Menchón José Manuel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives: The aims of our study were to examine the lifetime prevalence of obesity rate in eating disorders (ED) subtypes and to examine whether there have been temporal changes among the last 10 years and to explore clinical differences between ED with and without lifetime obesity.Methods: Participants were 1383 ED female patients (DSM‐IV criteria) consecutively admitted, between 2001 and 2010, to Bellvitge University Hospital. They were assessed by means of the Eating Disorders Inventory‐2, the Symptom Checklist‐90—Revised, the Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh and the Temperament and Character Inventory—Revised.Results: The prevalence of lifetime obesity in ED cases was 28.8% (ranging from 5% in anorexia nervosa to 87% in binge‐eating disorders). Over the last 10 years, there has been a threefold increase in lifetime obesity in ED patients (p < .001). People with an ED and obesity had higher levels of childhood and family obesity (p < .001), a later age of onset and longer ED duration; and had higher levels of eating, general and personality symptomatology.Conclusions: Over the last 10 years, the prevalence of obesity associated with disorders characterized by the presence of binge episodes, namely bulimic disorders, is increasing, and this is linked with greater clinical severity and a poorer prognosis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Vulnerability analysis of elliptic curve cryptography‐based RFID authentication protocols
Authors: Lv Chao , Li Hui , Ma Jianfeng , Zhang Yaoyu 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTRadio Frequency Identification (RFID), we show that three recently proposed RFID authentication protocols which rely exclusively on the used of Elliptic Curve Cryptography are not secure against the tracking attack. To make this attack successfully, the adversary needs to execute three phases. Firstly, the attacker just eavesdrops on the messages exchanged between Server and Tag. Secondly, the attacker impersonates Server to reply with the same random number that is obtained from previous phase. Finally, the adversary acts as a man in the middle to tamper the exchanged messages. Then, we propose enhancements and prove that the revisions are secure against the tracking attack that keep other security properties. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A globalization‐oriented perspective on health, inequality and socio‐economic development
Authors: Tausch Arno 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYObjectivesThere has been an attention to inequality as a causal factor for deficient health in the medical journals over the last decades (Richard G. Wilkinson et al. and Schnell et al.); however, the reasons for inequality and the interactions of the underlying causes of inequality at the level of the world economy have not yet been properly explored in this kind of literature. The aim of this article is to provide a new, globalization‐oriented, multi‐disciplinary perspective on life expectancy, under‐five mortality, inequality and socio‐economic development in the world system, compatible with the advances in international sociological research on the subject over the last three decades.DesignTaking up the traditions of quantitative sociology to study the effects of multinational corporation (MNC) penetration as a key determining variable for development outcomes such as socio‐economic inequality and infant mortality, this article analyzes from the perspective of quantitative political science and economics this particular role of MNC penetration as the key variable for the determination of health, inequality and socio‐economic development in 183 countries of the world system, using international social science standard data.Main outcomesAs correctly predicted by quantitative sociology, but largely overlooked by the medical profession, the development style, implied by a high MNC penetration of their host countries, reflects the oligopolistic power, which transnational corporations wield over local economies. We took up an idea from Austro‐American economist Joseph Alois Schumpeter (1883–1950), which states that the long‐term effects of oligopolistic power are negative and lead toward economic and social stagnation. Our data show that although MNC penetration indeed led to certain short‐term growth effects after 1990, today, social polarization and stagnation increase as a consequence of the development model, based on high MNC penetration. There is a negative trade‐off between MNC penetration and health, both in terms of life expectancy and avoiding under‐five mortality. But it can be shown for the 115 countries with complete data that Richard G. Wilkinson's hypothesis still plays an important role in explaining deficient health development in the world system, once we control for the effects of MNC penetration‐driven globalization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is choice of care compatible with integrated health care? An exploratory study in Sweden
Authors: Ahgren Bengt , Nordgren Lars 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYCompetitive and integrative policy actions are simultaneously being promoted in Swedish primary care; citizens' choice of care is launched while primary care is expected to integrate its activities with other providers for the creation of ‘local health care’. Competition tends, however, to fragment the provision of services. The aim of this study is, accordingly, to explore whether or not these policies are compatible in practice. For this purpose, strategically designed group interviews were conducted with citizens. When citizens make active choices, they are under the influence of self‐perceived conditions: that is, the accessibility of the care, its continuity and the treatment offered by the care provider, conditions which, in turn, have a lot in common with the guiding principles of local health care. On the other hand, citizens who choose passively, because of not being in contact with primary care, have no difficulties in being disloyal to the chosen unit when becoming patients. In doing so, they also contribute to the fragmentation of local health care. Making entirely free choices when it comes to primary care seems to be incompatible with local health care. However, choice of care only partly equals the conditions of free choice. Choice of care and local health care would thus seem to be compatible, in practice, for the majority of patients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of human papillomavirus type 31 variants with risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2–3
Authors: Xi Long Fu , Schiffman Mark , Koutsky Laura A. , Hulbert Ayaka , Lee Shu‐Kuang , DeFilippis Victor , Shen Zhenping , Kiviat Nancy B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAlthough the lineages of human papillomavirus type 31 (HPV31) variants are recognized, their clinical relevance is unknown. The purpose of our study was to examine risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Grades 2–3 (CIN2/3) by HPV31 variants. Study subjects were women who participated in the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion Triage Study and who had HPV31 infections detected at one or more visits. They were followed semi‐annually over 2 years for detection of HPV DNA and cervical lesion. HPV31 isolates were characterized by DNA sequencing and assigned into 1 of 3 variant lineages. CIN2/3 was histologically confirmed in 127 (27.0%) of the 470 HPV31‐positive women, 83 diagnosed at the first HPV31‐positive visit and 44 thereafter. The odds ratio for the association of 2‐year cumulative risk of CIN2/3 was 1.7 (95% CI: 1.0–2.9) for infections with A variants and 2.2 (95% CI: 1.2–3.9) for infections with B variants as compared to those with C variants. Among women without CIN2/3 at the first HPV31‐positive visit, the risk of subsequent CIN2/3 was 2.2‐fold greater for those with A variants (95% CI: 1.0–4.8) and 2.0‐fold greater for those with B variants (95% CI: 0.9–4.9) as compared to those with C variants. Similar associations were observed when CIN3 was used as the endpoint. The findings from our study help to tag HPV31 variants that differ in risk of CIN2/3 and to explain in part why some HPV31 infections regress spontaneously and others lead to disease progression.
The architecture of fibroblast monolayers of different origin differentially influences tumor cell growth
Authors: Flaberg Emilie , Guven Hayrettin , Savchenko Andrii , Pavlova Tatiana , Kashuba Vladimir , Szekely Laszlo , Klein George 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNormal human and murine fibroblasts can inhibit proliferation of tumor cells when co‐cultured in vitro. The inhibitory capacity varies depending on the donor and the site of origin of the fibroblast. It requires direct cell‐to‐cell contact and is not transferable with supernatant. Here, we show that effective inhibition also requires the formation of a morphologically intact fibroblast monolayer before the seeding of the tumor cells. Interference with the formation of the monolayer impairs the inhibition. Subclones of TERT‐immortalized fibroblasts were selected on the basis of differences in the growth pattern and related inhibitory activity. Whereas the well‐organized “whirly” (WH) growth pattern was associated with strong inhibition, the disorganized “crossy” (CR) growth pattern was linked to reduced inhibition. Time lapse imaging of tumor‐fibroblast co‐cultures using extended field live cell microscopy revealed that fibroblast monolayers with growth inhibitory capacity also reduced the motility of the tumor cells whereas noninhibitory monolayers had no effect on tumor cell motility. Gene expression pattern of two isogenic pairs of fibroblasts, WH and CR subclones of the TERT immortalized line (inhibitory, and less inhibitory subsequently) and freshly explanted skin (inhibitory) and hernia (noninhibitory) fibroblasts derived from the same patient, identified a set of genes that co‐segregated with the inhibitory phenotype. This suggests that our model system may reveal molecular mechanisms involved in contact‐mediated microenvironmental surveillance that may protect the organism from the outgrowth of disseminated tumor cells.
Extracting Information from Adaptive Control Experiments
Authors: White James L. , Carroll Elizabeth C. , Spears Kenneth G. , Sension Roseanne J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOptical control of chemical reactivity is achieved through the use of photonic reagents, that is, “shaped” ultrafast optical pulses created using a pulse shaper. It has been demonstrated in a number of molecular systems that these pulses can effectively guide the system into a desired final state. Effective pulses are often found through an experimental search involving thousands of individual measurements. An examination of the pulses tested in these experiments can reveal the pulse features responsible for control and also the underlying molecular dynamics. In this article we review attempts to extract information from optical control experiments using adaptive learning algorithms to search the available parameter space, and we discuss how these kinds of experiments can be used to achieve and understand multiphoton optical control.
Der Schweizer Rechtsextremismus im internationalen Vergleich
Authors: Armingeon Klaus 
Published: March 2012

ZusammenfassungDer Gegenstand des Beitrags ist der schweizerische Rechtsextremismus im internationalen Vergleich. Auf breiter Datenbasis wird gezeigt, dass der Umfang des rechtsextremen Potentials in der Schweiz bestenfalls nur geringfügig unter dem Durchschnitt anderer westeuropäischer Länder liegt. Für die geringe Grösse des rechtsextremen Potentials und das Fehlen einer starken und stabilen rechtsextremen Partei oder Organisation lassen sich mindestens fünf Gründe angeben: Die bisherige Vermeidung von Verunsicherungen durch schwere Wirtschafts‐ und Beschäftigungskrisen und durch Globalisierungsprozesse; die politische Kultur der Schweiz, die sich anderen Ländern gegenüber besonders durch die breite Unterstützung der Grundrechte auf eigene Sprache und Kultur auszeichnet; die direkte Demokratie, in der rechtsextreme Einstellungen temporär politisch relevant werden können, ohne dass sie institutionell stabilisiert würden; das System der etablierten bürgerlichen Parteien, die den grössten Teil des rechtsextremen Potentials politisch integrieren; die programmatische Ausrichtung der potentiell rechtsextremen Parteien, die sie daran hindert, zum zeitlich stabilen organisatorischen Zentrum eines starken schweizerischen Rechtsextremismus zu werden.
Parabens detection in different zones of the human breast: consideration of source and implications of findings
Authors: Harvey Philip W. , Everett David J. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis article is a discussion of the recent study by Barr, Metaxas, Harbach, Savoy and Darbre (2012; J. Appl. Toxicol. 32; doi: 10.1002/jat.1786) reporting residues of five paraben esters in the human breast, at concentrations up to the microgram per gram tissue range and with highest concentrations in the axilla area (closest to the underarm). The conclusion is that the detection of intact esters that have escaped the action of esterases is consistent with a local (dermal) exposure source since the metabolic capacity of the gut and liver would produce p‐hydroxybenzoic acid as the common metabolite. Whereas the zone concentration differences (propylparaben was found at highest concentrations in the axilla) support an underarm exposure model, seven subjects reportedly never used underarm cosmetics, and other exposure sources, including other cosmetic product types, are discussed. The findings are placed into context with the limited regulatory toxicology database on parabens, oestrogenic action of the parabens, and status of the parabens, cosmetics and human health debate. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bacterial adhesion on biomedical surfaces covered by micrometric silver Islands
Authors: Pérez‐Tanoira R. , Pérez‐Jorge C. , Endrino J. L. , Gómez‐Barrena E. , Horwat D. , Pierson J. F. , Esteban J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA set of Cu‐Mn‐O and Ag‐Cu‐Mn‐O films were sputter‐deposited onto polished Ti‐6Al‐4V coupons and the microbiological adherence of Staphylococcus sp. was studied in these biomedical surfaces modified by using advanced ternary and quaternary oxides, these latter incorporated micrometric silver islands. Silver is known to have a natural biocidal character and its presence in the surface of Ti‐6Al‐4V forming large micrometric islands. In principle, predicted to enhance the antimicrobial properties of biomedical surfaces. Microbial adhesion tests were performed using collection strains and six clinical Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. The adherence study was performed using a previously published protocol by Kinnari et al. Collection strains and clinical strains showed decreased adherence to modified materials; however, only on the clinical strains were there statistically significant differences between Cu‐Mn‐O and Ag‐Cu‐Mn‐O containing silver islands. Nanocrystalline silver dissolves and releases both Ag+ and Ag0 whereas other silver sources release only Ag+. We can conclude that nanocrystalline silver coating, confirmed by XRD, appears to alter the biological properties of the solution, particularly antimicrobial activity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Temperature dependence of vibrational modes of CH3CC(ads) and I(ads) coadsorbed on Ag(111): Ab initio molecular dynamics approach
Authors: Lin Jyh Shing , Lu Shao‐Yu , Tseng Po‐Jung , Chou Wen‐Chi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAb initio molecular dynamics simulations accompanied by a Fourier transform of the dipole moment (aligned perpendicular to the surface) autocorrelation function are implemented to investigate the temperature‐dependent infrared (IR) active vibrational modes of CH3C(β)C(α)(ads) and I(ads) when coadsorbed on an Ag(111) surface at 200 and 400 K, respectively. The analytic scheme of the Fourier transform of a structural coordinate autocorrelation function is used to identify two distinguishable IR active peaks of C(β)C(α) stretching, which are characterized by two types of dynamic motion of adsorbed CH3C(β)C(α)(ads) at 200 K, namely, the motion of the tilted CC(β)C(α) axis and the motion of the stand‐up CC(β)C(α) axis. These two recognisable IR active peaks of C(β)C(α) stretching are gradually merged into one peak as a result of the dominant motion of the stand‐up CC(β)C(α) axis as the temperature increases from 200 to 400 K. The calculated intensities of the IR active peaks of the asymmetrical deformation mode of CH3 and the asymmetrical stretching mode of CH3, with their dynamic dipole moments nearly perpendicular to the CC(β)C(α) axis, become relatively weak; however, the symmetrical deformation mode of CH3 and the symmetrical stretching mode of CH3, with their dynamic dipole moments randomly directed away from the CC(β)C(α) axis, will not have direct correspondence between the intensities of their IR active peaks and the angle between the Ag(111) surface and the CC(β)C(α) axis as the temperature increases from 200 to 400 K. Finally, the increased flipping from the motion of the tilted CC(β)C(α) axis to the motion of the stand‐up CC(β)C(α) axis followed by its diffusion, resulting from the increasing temperature from 200 to 400 K or even higher, seems to be the initial event that initiates the alkyne self‐coupling reaction that leads to the final production of H3CCCCCCH3. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystal‐to‐Crystal Transformation of a Molecular Rectangle Containing Zinc(II) and N,N′‐Bis‐4‐methyl‐pyridyl Oxalamide
Authors: Tzeng Biing‐Chiau , Chen Bo‐So , Chang Tsung‐Yi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report here the crystal‐to‐crystal transformation process from a molecular rectangle [ZnI2(L)]2 (L = N,N′‐bis‐4‐methyl‐pyridyl oxalamide) to its supramolecular isomer, a one‐dimensional chain [ZnI2(L)]n, upon heating solid samples of [ZnI2(L)]2 up to 250 °C for three hours. Moreover, the transformation process can be experimentally proven by powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies.