bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE CAUSES OF MULTIDIRECTIONAL CT DYNAMICS DURING TREATMENT FOR PULMONARY TB IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors:   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Petrakova I.Yu. , Tyurin I.E. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia, Gubkina M.F. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2024

Chest CT monitoring of children with TB is the principal method of evaluation of treatment effectiveness. Multidirectional CT dynamics at any stage of treatment requires a well-informed decision concerning further treatment tactics. Objective: To analyze possible causes and clinical significance of multidirectional dynamic changes in the lungs during treatment for pulmonary TB in children and adolescents. Materials and methods. A retrospective study: we analyzed inpatient case records and CT files of 49 patients aged 2–17 years with active pulmonary TB, who demonstrated multidirectional dynamic changes in the lungs during the main treatment course according to chest CT data. Non-contrast-enhanced CT with lung and abdominal windows at no more than 1.3 mm slice thickness was used. The dynamic changes were assessed using various radiological patterns and compared with clinical and laboratory data; the administered chemotherapy regimen was assessed considering drug susceptibility data from both patient and infection source. Results. Multidirectional CT dynamics was detected at various stages of TB treatment. The retrospective analysis showed that in 31% of cases it witnessed treatment failure and required treatment correction, in 47% of cases it demonstrated natural course of TB, in 9% of cases it was associated with concomitant pathology. We failed to determine the cause of multidirectional CT dynamics in 4% of cases, in these cases further treatment options were targeted to chemotherapy correction. Conclusion. Multidirectional CT dynamics during treatment for pulmonary TB in children and adolescents does not always mean treatment failure, other possible causes should be also considered.
Tingkat Pengungkapan Emisi dan Kepatuhan Lingkungan: Analisis Sebelum dan Sesudah Penerapan Aturan OJK No. 16/SEOJK.04/2021 dalam Konteks Teori Legitimasi dan Stakeholder
Authors: Sayuti Alfian 
Published: May 2024

Perekonomian yang berkelanjutan seharusnya menjadi perhatian para pemangku kepentingan. Pemerintah sebagai regulator diharapkan menjadi pengawas bagi perusahaan yang tidak menerapkan konsep keberlanjutan, sedangkan perusahaan sebagai pelaku ekonomi seharusnya bertanggungjawab penuh terhadap dampak operasionalnya terhadap lingkungan dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menguji tingkat pengungkapan emisi dan kepatuhan perusahaan terhadap lingkungan sebelum dan setelah diterbitkannya aturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan No. 16/SEOJK.04/2021. Data yang digunakan adalah perusahaan high-profile yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2020 dan 2021. Pengungkapan emisi dan kepatuhan terhadap lingkungan dianalisis menggunakan metode konten analisis, dimana Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards 2016 sebagai pedoman. Uji analisis menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan pengungkapan emisi dan kepatuhan terhadap lingkungan pada perusahaan high-profile sebelum dan setelah penerbitan aturan No. 16/SEOJK.04/2021. Temuan ini membuktikan aturan tersebut diprediksi efektif dan mengkonfirmasi penerapan dari teori legitimasi dan teori stakeholder dalam perspektif yang berbeda. Studi ini berkontribusi terhadap pihak pemerintah dan perusahaan terutama dalam pengambilan kebijakan berkaitan dengan isu lingkungan.
Diseño de un Proyecto de Innovación Educativa en Biología Celular: Recursos Educativos Abiertos y Aprendizaje Basado en Juegos
Authors: Quisaguano Caiza Yadira Elizabeth , Aguilar Barriga Pablo Renan 
Published: May 2024

Los procesos educativos contemporáneos han experimentado una transformación considerable debido a la integración de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC). Estas han revolucionado los métodos tradicionales de enseñanza, incentivando a los estudiantes a adoptar un rol activo y autónomo en su aprendizaje. Este artículo presenta el diseño de un proyecto innovador que incorpora recursos educativos abiertos (REA) y se centra en el aprendizaje basado en juegos para la asignatura "Biología Celular I". Metodológicamente se llevó a cabo una investigación mixta que proporciona una mejor comprensión de la aplicación de la estratégica pedagógica basada en juegos, en dónde, se trabajó con 50 estudiantes del primer semestre de una universidad pública de la carrera de Pedagogía de las Ciencias Experimentales, Químicas y Biología. El proyecto se desarrolló en la plataforma Exelearning, incorporando materiales audiovisuales y actividades lúdicas. Para monitorear y evaluar el proceso de aprendizaje, se implementó una rúbrica que considera diversos aspectos, como la comprensión temática y la retroalimentación. Como conclusión, la fusión de REA y el enfoque basado en juegos en Exelearning potencia el aprendizaje de la asignatura alentando a los estudiantes a lograr un aprendizaje profundo, activo y autónomo.
特质正念对幼儿教师人际冲突的影响：嫉妒和情绪耗竭的中介作用
Authors: Yan Jingfeng , Song Zhanmei , Ye Jiayang , Qiao Dan 
Published: May 2024

目的：考察特质正念、人际冲突、嫉妒与幼儿教师情绪耗竭的关系及内在作用机制。方法：采用正念问卷、嫉妒问卷、情绪耗竭及人际冲突问卷对75名幼儿教师进行调查。结果：1. 特质正念对人际冲突的直接影响不显著。2. 特质正念与情绪衰竭、人际冲突呈显著正相关；3. 特质正念主要通过一种间接效应对幼儿教师人际冲突产生影响，即情绪衰竭的单独中介作用。结论：特质正念可以通过情绪衰竭的独立中介作用预测幼儿教师的人际冲突。但是特质正念无法通过嫉妒的独立中介作用以及嫉妒、情绪衰竭的链式中介作用来预测教师人际冲突。
75 preschool teachers were studied using the interpersonal conflict work scale, envy scale, emotional exhaustion scale, and mindfulness scale to investigate the relationship and internal mechanism between trait mindfulness, interpersonal conflict, envy, and emotional exhaustion. The findings revealed that the direct effect of trait mindfulness on interpersonal conflict was not statistically significant. However, trait mindfulness was associated with emotional exhaustion and interpersonal conflict. And trait mindfulness influenced the interpersonal conflict of preschool teachers primarily through the independent mediating effect of emotional exhaustion. As a result, trait mindfulness could predict preschool teachers’ interpersonal conflict via the independent mediating effect of emotional exhaustion. However, trait mindfulness did not predict preschool teachers’ interpersonal conflict via the independent mediating effect of envy or the chain mediating effect of envy and emotional exhaustion.
Innovating in the Detection of Depression in Young Adults: Development of a Mobile Application Based on the Enhanced Cascade Model
Authors: Ruiz Jaimes Miguel Ángel , Gabriel Romero Maria Arely , Morales López Rodrigo Alejandro , Toledo-Navarro Yadira , Ruiz-Vanoye Jorge A. , Díaz-Parra Ocotlan , Aguilar Ortiz Jaime 
Published: May 2024

Depression is a disorder that usually begins in early adulthood, having a duration according to the World Health Organization (WHO) from a couple of months to a couple of years, however, in approximately 20% of cases there is a chronic evolution that results in a high mortality rate by suicide due to lack of adequate treatment. Therefore, the objective of this project is to facilitate the tools for an adequate care of depression, mainly in young adults through the development of a mobile application that monitors patients. To carry out the project, the enhanced cascade model was implemented, because the feedback between the different phases of the system development life cycle is important to make the appropriate modifications. The application of interviews and the use of brainstorming were the selected way in which all the system requirements were designed and the goals to be met by the system were adequately defined.
Screening of Elite Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) Cultures Suitable for High Rainfall Areas of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Sirisha A.B.M. , Swamy A. Appala , Lakshmi T. Tulasi 
Published: May 2024

Groundnut is an important self-pollinated oil seed crop grown in Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the major oil seed crops used for both edible oil and table purpose. Groundnut crop requires a rainfall of 400-500 mm. In North coastal zone of Andhra Pradesh, the annual rainfall ranges from 1100-1200 mm, which favours vegetative growth in groundnut grown in kharif season resulting in low yields. The main objective of the present study is to identify suitable varieties with high pod yield in high rainfall areas suitable to North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh. Twelve elite groundnut cultures along with four checks are tested during Kharif 2022 at Agricultural Research Station, Yellamanchili. The results revealed that among all the entries, K1909 recorded significant pod yield of 2740 kg/ha followed by K 2313 with 2673 kg/ha when compared with the checks K 1812 (2488 kg/ha), Dharani (1679 kg/ha), K-6 (1429 kg/ha) and Dheeraj (1307 kg/ha). These two groundnut cultures K1909 and K 2313 may be recommended to farmers of North coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh for achieving good yields in Groundnut.
Resource Allocation After a Nuclear Detonation Incident: Unaltered Standards of Ethical Decision Making
Authors: Caro J. Jaime , DeRenzo Evan G. , Coleman C. Norman , Weinstock David M. , Knebel Ann R. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis article provides practical ethical guidance for clinicians making decisions after a nuclear detonation, in advance of the full establishment of a coordinated response. We argue that the utilitarian maxim of the greatest good for the greatest number, interpreted only as “the most lives saved,” needs refinement. We take the philosophical position that utilitarian efficiency should be tempered by the principle of fairness in making decisions about providing lifesaving interventions and palliation. The most practical way to achieve these goals is to mirror the ethical precepts of routine clinical practice, in which 3 factors govern resource allocation: order of presentation, patient's medical need, and effectiveness of an intervention. Although these basic ethical standards do not change, priority is given in a crisis to those at highest need in whom interventions are expected to be effective. If available resources will not be effective in meeting the need, then it is unfair to expend them and they should be allocated to another patient with high need and greater expectation for survival if treated. As shortage becomes critical, thresholds for intervention become more stringent. Although the focus of providers will be on the victims of the event, the needs of patients already receiving care before the detonation also must be considered. Those not allocated intervention must still be provided as much appropriate comfort, assistance, relief of symptoms, and explanations as possible, given the available resources. Reassessment of patients' clinical status and priority for intervention also should be conducted with regularity.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:S46-S53)
Using the Model of Resource and Time-Based Triage (MORTT) to Guide Scarce Resource Allocation in the Aftermath of a Nuclear Detonation
Authors: Casagrande Rocco , Wills Nick , Kramer Elizabeth , Sumner Louise , Mussante Mark , Kurinsky Rachel , McGhee Patrick , Katz Luba , Weinstock David M. , Coleman C. Norman 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTConventional triage algorithms assume unlimited medical resource availability. After a nuclear detonation, medical resources are likely to be particularly limited, suggesting that conventional triage algorithms need to be rethought. To test various hypotheses related to the prioritization of victims in this setting, we developed the model of resource- and time-based triage (MORTT). This model uses information on time to death, probability of survival if treated and if untreated, and time to treat various types of traumatic injuries in an agent-based model in which the time of medical practitioners or materials can be limited. In this embodiment, MORTT focuses solely on triage for surgical procedures in the first 48 hours after a nuclear detonation. MORTT determines the impact on survival based on user-selected prioritization of victims by severity or type of injury. Using MORTT, we found that in poorly resourced settings, prioritizing victims with moderate life-threatening injuries over victims with severe life-threatening injuries saves more lives and reduces demand for intensive care, which is likely to outstrip local and national capacity. Furthermore, more lives would be saved if victims with combined injury (ie, trauma plus radiation >2 Gy) are prioritized after nonirradiated victims with similar trauma.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:S98-S110)
Legal Considerations in a Nuclear Detonation
Authors: Sherman Susan E. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis article summarizes public health legal issues that need to be considered in preparing for and responding to nuclear detonation. Laws at the federal, state, territorial, local, tribal, and community levels can have a significant impact on the response to an emergency involving a nuclear detonation and the allocation of scarce resources for affected populations. An understanding of the breadth of these laws, the application of federal, state, and local law, and how each may change in an emergency, is critical to an effective response. Laws can vary from 1 geographic area to the next and may vary in an emergency, affording waivers or other extraordinary actions under federal, state, or local emergency powers. Public health legal requirements that are commonly of concern and should be examined for flexibility, reciprocity, and emergency exceptions include liability protections for providers; licensing and credentialing of providers; consent and privacy protections for patients; occupational safety and employment protections for providers; procedures for obtaining and distributing medical countermeasures and supplies; property use, condemnation, and protection; restrictions on movement of individuals in an emergency area; law enforcement; and reimbursement for care.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:S65-S72)
Tracking Deaths Related to Hurricane Ike, Texas, 2008
Authors: Zane David F. , Bayleyegn Tesfaye M. , Hellsten John , Beal Ryan , Beasley Crystal , Haywood Tracy , Wiltz-Beckham Dana , Wolkin Amy F. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: On September 13, 2008, Hurricane Ike, a category 2 storm with maximum sustained winds of 110 mph, made landfall near Galveston, Texas. Ike produced a damaging, destructive, and deadly storm surge across the upper Texas and southwestern Louisiana coasts. Thirty-four Texas counties were declared disaster areas by the Federal Emergency Management Agency; 15 counties were under mandatory evacuation orders. To describe causes of death associated with this hurricane and identify prevention strategies during the response and recovery phases, the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) monitored mortality data in 44 counties throughout the state. This report summarizes Ike-related deaths reported by Texas medical examiners, justices of the peace (coroners), forensic centers, public health officials, and hospitals.Methods: Based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) disaster-related mortality surveillance form, DSHS developed a state-specific 1-page form and collected (optimally daily) data on demographic, date and place of death, and cause and circumstance of deaths. A case was defined as any death that was directly or indirectly related to Ike among evacuees, residents, nonresidents, or rescue personnel in the declared disaster counties, counties along the Texas Gulf coast or counties known to have evacuation shelters occurring September 8, 2008, through October 13, 2008. Analyzed data were shared with the state emergency operation center and the CDC on a daily basis.Results: The surveillance identified 74 deaths in Texas as directly (10 [14%]), indirectly (49 [66%]), or possibly (15 [20%]) related to Ike. The majority of deaths (n = 57) were reported by medical examiners. Deaths occurred in 16 counties of the 44 counties covered by the surveillance. The majority of deaths occurred in Harris and Galveston (28 [38%] and 17 [23%]), respectively. The deceased ranged in age from younger than 1 year to 85 years, with an average age of 46 years (median 50 years); 70% were male. Of the 74 deaths, 47 (64%) resulted from injuries, 23 (31%) from illnesses, and 4 (5%) were undetermined. Among the injuries, carbon monoxide poisoning (13 [18%]) and drowning (8 [11%]) were the leading causes of injury-related deaths. Cardiovascular failure (12 [16%]) was the leading cause of illness-related deaths.Conclusions: Defining the relation of death to hurricane using an active mortality surveillance system is possible. The active mortality surveillance form used in Ike provided valuable daily information to DSHS, state emergency management officials, and the CDC regarding the characteristics of deaths in the state. Most of the Ike-related deaths were caused by injury (direct and indirectly related) such as carbon monoxide poisonings and drowning and may have been preventable by educating the public.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:23-28)
Assessment of the Efficacy of the First Water System for Emergency Hospital Use
Authors: Long Sharon C. , Olstadt Jeremy 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTObjective: The First Water Responder B package water treatment device was evaluated for its ability to reduce the levels of spiked indicators and pathogens (Escherichia coli, MS2 coliphage, murine adenovirus, and Cryptosporidium oocysts) in a surface water to partially evaluate its appropriateness to be used to provide safe drinking water to hospitals during emergency situations.Methods: Lake water was collected in 50-L carboys and spiked with selected indicators and pathogens (E coli, MS2 coliphage, murine adenovirus, and Cryptosporidium oocysts) at 2 different spike levels (low and high). This water was treated using the First Water Responder B, and the microorganisms were enumerated before and after treatment using US Environmental Protection Agency and Standard Methods. Microbial removal efficiencies were compared with Environmental Protection Agency guidelines.Results:E coli spikes ranged from 2.9 to 1059 colony-forming units (CFU)/100 mL with removals to below detection limits (1 CFU/100 mL) to 2.8 CFU/100 mL or 0.98 to 3.5 log10 reductions. MS2 coliphage spikes ranged from 3 plaque-forming units (PFU) to 837 PFU/100 mL with removals to below detection limits (1 PFU/100 mL) to 11.7 PFU/100 mL or 0.65 to 1.9 log10 reductions. Murine adenovirus spikes ranged from 203 to 8410 most probable number (MPN) of infectious units/100 mL with removals to below detection limits (23 MPN infectious units/100 mL) to 1370 MPN infectious units/100 mL or 0.79 to >1.2 log10 reductions. Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst spikes ranged from 52 to 853 oocysts per liter with removals to below detection limits (<1 oocyst per liter) to 0.3 oocysts per liter or >2.2 to 3.4 log10 reductions.Conclusions: Although the First Water system could remove a significant portion of the spiked organisms, it is recommended that this point-of-use system be coupled with chemical disinfection in a multiple-barrier approach to provide water of the highest reasonably achievable quality for hospital use in emergency situations.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:29-36)
The
A
rndt‐
E
istert Synthesis
Authors: Bachmann W. E. , Struve W. S. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The Arndt‐Eistert synthesis is a procedure for converting an acid to its next highest homolog or to a derivative of the homologous acid, and an ester and an amide. The synthesis, which is applicable to both, aliphatic and aromatic acids involves the following three operations; formation of the acid chloride; reaction of the acid chloride with diazomethane to yield a diazoketone; and rearrangement of the diazoketone in the presence of suitable reagents and a catalyst (colloidal silver, platinum, copper). An acid is formed in the presence of water, and ester is produced in an alcohol, and am amide results when ammonia or an amine is used.
Chloromethylation of Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Fuson Reynold C. , McKeever C. H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe replacement of a hydrogen atom by a chloromethyl group in a single operation has come to be known as chloromethylation. The process is illustrated by its earliest example, a synthesis of benzyl chloride carried out by Grassi and Maselli. This chapter is limited to nuclear chloromethylation of aromatic compounds. Typical procedures are given and an attempt is made to indicate the scope and limitations of the reaction.
The
B
ucherer Reaction
Authors: Drake Nathan L. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The Bucherer reaction is the reversible conversion of a naphthylamine to a naphthol in the presence of an aqueous sulfite or bisulfite. It has proved to be of value in the synthesis of naphthalene derivatives, particularly in the manufacture of dye intermediates. In certain instances it is conveniently used in the preparation of naphthols from naphthylamines, in others it is employed for the reverse transformation, the synthesis of naphthylamine from naphthols. A second reaction has been extended to the synthesis of certain alkyl and aryl aminonaphthalenes.
TheElbs Reaction
Authors: Fieser Louis F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDiaryl ketones having a methyl or methylene substituent adjacent to the carbonyl group often suffer cyclodehydration when submitted to pyrolysis and afford a certain amount of the corresponding anthracene derivative. The reaction is usually carried out by heating the ketone without catalyst or solvent at the reflux temperature or at a temperature in the range of 400‐450 degrees until the water is no longer evolved. The main hydrocarbon reaction product may not be that normally expected based on the starting material. A product of the Elbe condensation usually require extensive purification. The mechanism of the condensation is not known.
TheClemmensen Reduction
Authors: Martin Elmore L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe replacement of the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone by two hydrogen atoms through the use of amalgamated zinc and hydrochloric acid was first employed in 1913 by Clemmensen and is know as the Clemmensen method of reduction. The process has been applied to a large number of aldehydes and ketones as a step in the synthesis of polynuclear hydrocarbons and alkylated aromatic compounds. It has also played an important role in the elucidation of the structures of highly complex natural products. The wide use of this method has resulted in the development of several modifications of the original procedure.
The Acetoacetic Ester Condensation and Certain Related Reactions
Authors: Hauser Charles R. , Hudson Boyd E. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The acetoacetic ester condensation consist in the reaction in the presence of certain bases, of an ester having hydrogen on the alpha carbon atom with a second molecule of the same ester or with another ester to form a beta‐ketoester. The bases capable of effecting such reactions include sodium alkoxides, triphenylmethylsodium, sodium amide, certain Grignard reagents. Metallic sodium effects certain condensations, the sodium, alkoxide which is formed in the reaction mixture probably serves as the active condensing agents. The classical example of the acetoacetic ester reaction is the formation of acetoacetic ester itself by the condensation of ethyl acetate by means of sodium ethoxide.