bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition of SiOx Films Deposited by an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ)
Authors: Schäfer Jan , Foest Rüdiger , Quade Antje , Ohl Andreas , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSiOx films are deposited with an APPJ (27 MHz) using Ar, O2 and OMCTS [Si4O4(CH3)8]. An experimental study on the influence of the O2 versus OMCTS concentration on the chemical composition of the films and their radial gradients over the static deposition profile is carried out by means of XPS and ATR‐FT‐IR. The films are characterized by dominating SiO IR absorption and the absence of CH2 and CH3 bands, indicating the inorganic SiOx character. From the absorbance differences of the three SiO IR bands present in the spectra, the existence of different structural phases is derived. Over the examined parameter field, three different structural phases are distinguished. Their occurrence can be seen as a marker for the film quality and allows formulating optimal deposition conditions for defined structures of organosilicon films.
Unorthodox long‐term aerosolized ampicillin use for methicillin‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureus lung infection in a cystic fibrosis patient
Authors: Máiz Luis , Lamas Adelaida , Fernández‐Olmos Ana , Suárez Lucrecia , Cantón Rafael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a significant cause of pulmonary colonization in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The optimal strategy of therapy in chronically infected patients with this pathogen is not yet established. We report a successful long‐term aerosolized ampicillin treatment of a 14‐year‐old girl with chronic symptomatic S. aureus lung infection. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:512–515. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
History of process safety at OSHA
Authors: Long Lisa A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOccupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA)'s first major process safety regulation, 29 CFR 1910.119, Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals (PSM) was enacted in 1992. However, OSHA's experience with process safety began in the 1980s when a series of catastrophic chemical incidents occurred. Learnings from investigations of these incidents helped to shape PSM. More than 15 years after PSM, lessons from incidents and inspection experience continue to shape the history of process safety at OSHA. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009
In situ bioremediation of organochlorine‐pesticide‐contaminated microcosm soil and evaluation by gene probe
Authors: Qureshi Asifa , Mohan M , Kanade Gajanan S , Kapley Atya , Purohit Hemant J 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Pesticide‐formulating industries are contaminating the environment through various activities. Bioremediation is the best method for decontamination, as chemical and physical methods are not only costly but also not very effective in open field systems. In the present study, in situ bioremediation of organochlorine‐contaminated soil was demonstrated by combined biostimulation and bioaugmentation strategies, followed by evaluation using a molecular method.RESULTS: Three parameters were monitored: microbial biomass (colony‐forming units (CFU) g−1 soil), residual pesticides after treatment and catabolic genes from microcosm soil. Both the biostimulation and the bioaugmentation treatments showed an initial lag phase of 80 days towards colony‐forming units. Gas chromatography of soil samples showed that concentrations of residual pesticides in the soil declined by up to 85–90% after 80 days, indicating their utilisation with time. On dot‐blot hybridisation of the total DNA from the same soil samples, it was observed that catabolic genes tfdC (catechol 1,2‐dioxygenase) and cm genes (chlorophenol monoxygenase) were predominant, whereas other catabolic genes such as catechol 2,3‐dioxygenase (xylE) were negligible.CONCLUSION: The strategy of in situ bioremediation and its evaluation by gene probe and also by conventional methods was demonstrated for organochlorine‐pesticide‐contaminated soil in open microcosms. It showed that bioaugmentation along with biostimulation was effective, although initial acclimatisation for a period of almost 2–3 months was required in the open field systems. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Dark current in multilayer stabilized amorphous selenium X‐ray photoconductors
Authors: Frey J. B. , Belev G. , Tousignant O. , Mani H. , Kasap S. O. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCommercially available flat panel, direct conversion, digital X‐ray image detectors use a photoconductive layer of stabilized amorphous selenium (a‐Se) sandwiched between two electrodes to convert incident X‐ray radiation into stored electrical charge. These detectors use thin n ‐like and p ‐like blocking layers to trap charge carriers injected from the contacts and thus reduce the dark current by limiting the rate of carrier injection. The effect of each of these blocking layers is determined by measuring the dark current in 200 μm thick mammographic detector‐like samples of a‐Se with three different structures: a single intrinsic layer and n‐i and i‐p double layers. Dark current is measured as a function of time over 20,000 s and as a function of applied electric field over the range of −10 V/μm to +10 V/μm. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exciton response controlled by introducing a spacer layer in nitrided InAs quantum dots
Authors: Mamizuka Masataka , Kojima Osamu , Inoue Tomoya , Kita Takashi , Wada Osamu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe demonstrate the control of the exciton dynamics in self‐assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) by introducing a nitridation layer and a GaAs spacer layer on the QD surface. The PL intensity and decay time decrease owing to the introduction of the nitridation layer. Moreover, by inserting the GaAs spacer layer between the QD surface and the nitridation layer, the PL intensity of and decay time increase. These changes in PL characteristics correspond to that of the non‐radiative recombination rate caused by crystal defects. Our results imply that the exciton response time of InAs QDs can be controlled by the thickness of the spacer layer. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical results of the analytical and numerical solutions of superluminescent fiber sources
Authors: Sandoval‐Romero G. E. , Argueta‐Díaz V. , Pottiez O. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe present a theoretical study of superluminescent optical fiber‐sources; in this study we compare the results obtained from an analytic model and the numerical solutions of the rate equations that allow determining the output signal characteristics of such a light source. The characteristics on which we focus our interest are the total optical power, the spectral bandwidth, and the fiber length for maximum optical power. These light sources are of special interest as feed and pump sources in fiber sensors, gyroscopes, etc where spectral bandwidth and stability are of concern. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Absolute characterization of photoluminesence from pulsed‐laser deposited, sol‐gel, sputtered and evaporated ZnO thin films
Authors: Taschuk M. T. , LaForge J. M. , Nguyen H. , Sun Y. W. , Kursa P. , DeCorby R. G. , Brett M. J. , Tsui Y. Y. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractZnO thin films were fabricated using PLD, sputtering, e‐beam evaporation and sol‐gel techniques. The films were annealed in an oxygen environment to improve their crystallinity. Photoluminescence efficiency and angular emission patterns were characterized and are reported in absolute radiometric units. Conversion efficiencies in the range of 1 – 7 · 10‐6 were found for the PLD films, 7 · 10‐6 for a sputtered film, 7 – 40 · 10‐6 for the e‐beam evaporated films, and 20 – 400 · 10‐6 for the Sol‐Gel films. In most cases, the angular emission pattern of the photoluminescence was lambertian in nature. Non‐lambertian emission patterns were observed for some films with microstructure, achieved with PLD and e‐beam evaporation. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deep levels in low‐energy electron‐irradiated 4H‐SiC
Authors: Carlsson P. , Son N.T. , Beyer F. C. , Pedersen H. , Isoya J. , Morishita N. , Ohshima T. , Janzén E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDeep levels introduced by low‐energy (200 keV) electron irradiation in n‐type 4H‐SiC epitaxial layers grown by chemical vapour deposition were studied by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and photoexcitation electron paramagnetic resonance (photo‐EPR). After irradiation, several DLTS levels, EH1, EH3, Z1/2, EH5 and EH6/7, often reported in irradiated 4H‐SiC, were observed. In irradiated freestanding films from the same wafer, the EPR signals of the carbon vacancy in the positive and negative charge states, VC+ and VC‐, respectively, can be observed simultaneously under illumination with light of certain photon energies. Comparing the ionization energies obtained from DLTS and photo‐EPR, we suggest that the EH6/7 (at ∼EC – 1.6 eV) and EH5 (at ∼EC – 1.0 eV) electron traps may be related to the single donor (+ | 0) and the double acceptor (1– | 2–) level of VC, respectively. Judging from the relative intensity of the DLTS signals, the EH6/7 level may also be contributed to by other unidentified defects. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Accounting for non‐uniform static stability in orographic drag parametrization
Authors: Vosper S. B. , Wells H. , Brown A. R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe extent to which the drag due to flow blocking by mountains is affected by height variations in the static stability is examined using a series of numerical simulations. The results are used to investigate how best to estimate the depth‐averaged upwind static stability for the purposes of parametrizing the drag. © Crown Copyright 2009. Reproduced with the permission of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Embedding enterprise science into SSM for improving innovation systems in technology‐based companies
Authors: Löffler Karin , Tschirky Hugo , Kijima Kyoichi J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe paper discusses how organizations can benefit from applying an enhanced Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) in innovation context. The combined approach is illustrated with an intervention in the innovation department of a multinational company. The aim of the company has been to increase its competitiveness by fostering innovation and questioning the innovation system of the company as well as the innovation project portfolio. Embedded in the SSM, the concept of Enterprise Science has been a useful vehicle to structure the problem situation and to channel the search for possible solutions. Innovation challenges could be pointed out, analysed and resolved in a systemic way. Lessons from practice are presented as well as recommendations for decision makers regarding the application of the approach and an outlook to further studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The lung physiome: merging imaging‐based measures with predictive computational models
Authors: Tawhai Merryn H. , Hoffman Eric A. , Lin Ching‐Long 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGlobal measurements of the lung provided by standard pulmonary function tests do not give insight into the regional basis of lung function and lung disease. Advances in imaging methodologies, computer technologies, and subject‐specific simulations are creating new opportunities to study structure‐function relationships in the lung through multidisciplinary research. The digital Human Lung Atlas is an image‐based resource compiled from male and female subjects spanning several decades of age. The Atlas comprises both structural and functional measures, and includes computational models derived to match individual subjects for personalized prediction of function. The computational models in the Atlas form part of the Lung Physiome project, which is an international effort to develop integrative models of lung function at all levels of biological organization. The computational models provide mechanistic interpretation of imaging measures; the Atlas provides structural data on which to base model geometry, and functional data against which to test hypotheses. The example of simulating airflow on a subject‐specific basis is considered. Methods for deriving multiscale models of the airway geometry for individual subjects in the Atlas are outlined, and methods for modeling turbulent flows in the airway are reviewed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
Eukaryotic chemotaxis
Authors: Rappel Wouter‐Jan , Loomis William F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDuring eukaryotic chemotaxis, external chemical gradients guide the crawling motion of cells. This process plays an important role in a large variety of biological systems and has wide ranging medical implications. New experimental techniques including confocal microscopy and microfluidics have advanced our understanding of chemotaxis while numerical modeling efforts are beginning to offer critical insights. In this short review, we survey the current experimental status of the field by dividing chemotaxis into three distinct ‘modules’: directional sensing, polarity and motility. For each module, we attempt to point out potential new directions of research and discuss how modeling studies interact with experimental investigations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models
Tetraallylsilane π–Complexation: Synthesis and Structure of [Cu5Cl5(CH2–CH=CH2)4Si]
Authors: Dużak Tomasz , Kinzhybalo Vasyl , Ślepokura Katarzyna , Olijnyk Volodymyr 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBy alternating‐current electrochemical technique, starting from CuCl2·2H2O and tetraallylsilane (TAS), crystals of the π complex [Cu5Cl5(CH2–CH=CH2)4Si] (I) were obtained, FTIR characterized and structurally investigated. The structure of I is monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 12.292(3), b = 12.083(3), c = 13.356(3) Å, β = 90.19(3)°, V = 1983.7(9) Å3 [at 100(2) K], Z = 4; R1 = 0.0379, wR2 = 0.1040 for 3583 reflections. The TAS molecule behaves as a tetradentate cross‐bridged ligand linking four (Cu5Cl5)∞ fragments through the C=C bonds. The influence of the inorganic part and ligand symmetries combined with their conformational abilities on the overall crystal symmetry is discussed.
The Crystal Structure of Thallium(I) Trithiocarbonate, Tl2CS3
Authors: Beck Johannes , Benz Sebastian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThallium trithiocarbonate, Tl2CS3, was prepared by the reaction of Na2CS3 with TlNO3 in aqueous solution. Tl2CS3 has a low solubility and is precipitated as an orange powder. DSC measurements show Tl2CS3 to be stable up to 155 °C. Above this temperature exothermic decomposition under evolution of CS2 occurs. The crystal structure was determined based on powder diffraction data and Rietveld refinement (monoclinic, C2/c, a = 1143.33(1), b = 627.70(1), c = 916.03(1) pm, β = 118.77(1)°, Z = 4). The structure shows a close relationship and is isopointal to the structure of β‐Na2CS3 (Henseler, Jansen 1992). Tl+ has an irregular nonacoordination. The overall arrangement of the ions can be described as being analog to the anti‐CaF2 structure type with Tl+ making up a strongly distorted primitive cubic array and CS32– occupying one half of the cubical cavities. In the crystal, the D3h symmetry of the CS32– ions is lowered to the site symmetry C2 and a slight angular deformation is observed. This loss of symmetry is also observed in the Raman and IR spectra by the splitting of degenerate modes.
A Decade of Genetic Counseling in Frontotemporal Dementia Affected Families: Few Counseling Requests and much Familial Opposition to Testing
Authors: Riedijk S. R. , Niermeijer M. F. N. , Dooijes D. , Tibben A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA decade of genetic counseling of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) affected families has generated two important observations. First, the uptake rate for presymptomatic testing for FTD is low in our department of Clinical Genetics at the Erasmus Medical Center in the Netherlands. Second, FTD at‐risk counselees reported substantial familial opposition to genetic testing, which is distinct from the attitude in Huntington Disease affected families. We hypothesize that the low acceptance for FTD genetic counseling is consequential to the familial opposition and explain this within the theoretical framework of separation‐individuation. Furthermore, we hypothesize that separation‐individuation problems do not similarly influence the acceptance of HD genetic counseling, due to the educative role of the well‐organised patient organization for HD in the Netherlands. We offer counseling recommendations that serve to facilitate the individuation of the counselee with respect to the FTD genetic test.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Two Commercial Reactive Dyes in Aqueous Phase Using Nanophotocatalysts
Authors: Kansal Sushil Kumar , Kaur Navjeet , Singh Sukhmehar 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
This study involves the photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Reactive Orange 4 (RO4) dyes, employing heterogeneous photocatalytic process. Photocatalytic activity of different semiconductors such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) has been investigated. An attempt has been made to study the effect of process parameters through amount of catalyst, concentration of dye, and pH on photocatalytic degradation of RB5 and RO4. The experiments were carried out by varying pH (3–11), amount of catalyst (0.25–1.5 g/L), and initial concentration of dye (10–100 mg/L). The optimum catalyst dose was found to be 1.25 and 1 g/L for RB5 and RO4, respectively. In the case of RB5, maximum rate of decolorization was observed in acidic medium at pH 4, whereas the decolorization of RO4 reached maximum in basic region at pH 11. The performance of photocatalytic system employing ZnO/UV light was observed to be better than TiO2/UV system. The complete decolorization of RB5 was observed after 7 min with ZnO, whereas with TiO2, only 75% dye degraded in 7 min. In the case of RO4, 92 and 62% decolorization was noticed in the same duration.
Gap junctions in dorsal root ganglia: Possible contribution to visceral pain
Authors: Huang Tian‐Ying , Belzer Vitali , Hanani Menachem 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPeripheral injuries can lead to sensitization of neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), which can contribute to chronic pain. The neurons are sensitized by a combination of physiological and biochemical changes, whose full details are still obscure. Another cellular element in DRGs are satellite glial cells (SGCs), which surround the neurons, but little is known about their role in nociception. We investigated the contribution of SGCs to neuronal sensitization in isolated S1 DRGs from a mouse model of colonic inflammation induced by local application of dinitrosulfonate benzoate (DNBS). Retrograde labeling was used to identify DRG neurons projecting to the colon. Cell‐to‐cell coupling was determined by intracellular dye injection, and the electrical properties of the neurons were studied with intracellular electrodes. Pain behavior was assessed with von‐Frey hairs. The dye injections showed that 10–12 days after DNBS application there was a 6.6‐fold increase in gap junction–mediated coupling between SGCs surrounding adjacent neurons, and this occurred preferentially (another 2‐fold increase) near neurons that project to the colon. Neuron–neuron coupling incidence increased from 0.7% to 12.1% by colonic inflammation. Inflammation led to an augmented neuronal excitability, and to a reduced pain threshold. Gap junction blockers abolished the inflammation‐induced changes in SGCs and neurons, and significantly reversed the pain behavior. We propose that inflammation induces augmented cell coupling in DRGs that contributes to neuronal hyperexcitability, which in turn leads to visceral pain. Gap junction blockers may have potential as analgesic drugs.
Maternal alcohol consumption may influence cord blood ascorbic acid concentration: findings from a study of Brazilian mothers and their newborns
Authors: Madruga de Oliveira Andréia , Rondó Patrícia H. C. , Oliveira Julicristie M. 
Published: April 2009

Studies that have investigated ascorbic acid (AA) concentrations in cord blood have pointed to significant associations with maternal blood AA concentrations, smoking, age, diet, type of delivery, duration of gestation, fetal distress and birth weight. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between cord blood AA concentrations in newborns and maternal characteristics. A total of 117 Brazilian healthy parturients were included in this cross-sectional study. The concentrations of AA in blood were determined by the HPLC method. Data concerning socio-economic, demographic, obstetric, nutritional and health characteristics of the parturients, including alcohol consumption and smoking habit, were assessed by a standardised questionnaire. A FFQ was used to investigate the intake of foods rich in vitamin C. Cord blood AA concentration was significantly correlated with per capita income (r 0·26; P = 0·005), maternal blood AA concentration (r 0·48; P < 0·001) and maternal vitamin C-rich food intake score (r 0·36; P < 0·001). The linear regression model including maternal AA concentration, alcohol consumption, smoking, parity, vitamin C-rich food intake score and per capita income explained 31·13 % of the variation in cord blood AA concentrations in newborns. We recommend further experimental studies to assess the effects of ethanol on placental AA uptake, and epidemiological cohort studies to evaluate in detail the influence of maternal alcohol consumption on cord blood AA concentrations.
Fruit and vegetable consumption in older individuals in Northern Ireland: levels and patterns
Authors: Appleton Katherine M. , McGill Rory , Woodside Jayne V. 
Published: April 2009

Low intakes of fruit and vegetables have previously been reported in the older population of Great Britain, particularly among certain socio-demographic groups. Levels and patterns of consumption in the older population of Northern Ireland, however, remain unknown. A representative sample of 1000 members of the older population of Northern Ireland were contacted by telephone to assess average intake of all fruits and vegetables and various demographic details. Data from 426 individuals (representative of the whole population) reported a mean consumption of 4·0 (sd 1·3) and 4·1 (sd 1·3) portions of fruit and vegetables per weekday and per weekend day respectively. Regression analyses revealed greater consumption on weekdays by females (B 0·53; P < 0·01), younger individuals (B − 0·02; P = 0·01) and those living in less deprived areas (B − 0·01; P = 0·04), and greater consumption at weekends by females (B 0·54; P < 0·01) and younger individuals (B − 0·03; P = 0·01). The amount of fruit and vegetables consumed is slightly higher than that reported in older populations in Great Britain, possibly as a result of differences in farming practices and rural activities, although levels of consumption remain below current recommendations for health. Patterns of consumption are similar across the UK, and suggest that strategies to increase fruit and vegetable consumption should target males, older individuals and those living in more deprived areas.