bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRIDULATION IN MEROPE TUBER (MECOPTERA: MEROPEIDAE)
Authors: Sanborne P. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA stridulatory apparatus consisting of the juga of the forewings and specialized areas of the metanotum of both sexes of Merope tuber Newman (Mecoptera: Meropeidae) is described and illustrated. The sounds produced are discussed in light of their possible role in defence and intraspecific communication. This is the first verified instance of stridulation in the Mecoptera.
SELECTIVE PREDATION IN A EURYPHAGOUS INVERTEBRATE PREDATOR, PARDOSA VANCOUVERI (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE)
Authors: Holmberg R. G. , Turnbull A. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSelective predation (i.e., non-random feeding) was studied in a laboratory system that allowed individual lycosid spiders, Pardosa vancouveri, to feed on prey populations consisting of one or two kinds of insects. Various combinations of male and female fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), “small” and “large” beetle larvae (Tenebrio molitor), and nymphal milkweed bugs (Oncopeltus fasciatus) were used as prey. Female adult and subadult spiders were used as predators. Generally, fruit flies were selected by the spiders over mealworms or milkweed bugs, and small mealworms over large ones. No selection occurred between male and female flies. Very weak or no selection occurred between small beetle larvae and milkweed bugs. Spiders of both age classes showed similar selective tendencies. Prior feeding experiences did not alter feeding selections, but minor changes in the physical complexity of the environment did. Twelve criteria related to development, survival, growth, and fecundity were monitored for 12 groups of spiders fed either single or two-prey combinations of the five kinds of prey. The hierarchy of benefits conferred by the five kinds of prey was the same as that for selection. Male and female fruit flies equally benefited the spiders. The fruit flies yielded the most and large beetle larvae the least number of statistically superior benefits. Small beetle larvae and milkweed bugs were intermediate and about equal. There was no evidence that a mixed (i.e., two) prey diet is better than a single prey diet. It is hypothesized that selective predation by P. vancouveri involves prey sampling, memory of prey attributes, and selection of prey that possess attributes that are associated with high fitness.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ACTIVITY OF DIFLUBENZURON AGAINST THE CODLING MOTH, LASPEYRESIA POMONELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)
Authors: Elliott R. H. , Anderson D. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCodling moth eggs were very sensitive to diflubenzuron (Dimilin), particularly when treated topically shortly after oviposition. Regression analysis showed a linear relationship between % hatch and the age at which the eggs were treated with diflubenzuron. The LC50 values for 0- to 21/2- and 3-day-old eggs were 1.1 and 17.2 ppm, respectively. Egg hatch was also inversely related to the length of time the chorion was in contact with the diflubenzuron solution. When the compound had dried on fruit or foliage, residual activity against the eggs was excellent and did not decrease markedly over a 10-day period. The surfactant, Tween 20, enhanced the contact ovicidal activity of diflubenzuron especially on older eggs. Tween 20 also improved the residual activity of diflubenzuron on foliage and immature apples but not waxy mature apples.Diflubenzuron incorporated into artificial diet was toxic to 1st- and 2nd-instar larvae. The LC50s for the two instars were 48.2 and 8.1 ppm, respectively. When 1st instars fed on diflubenzuron + Tween 20-treated foliage for 2 days, larval entry into apples was not impaired but subsequent larval survival was reduced significantly. However, neither fruit entry nor larval survival was affected when 1st instars were reared on apples which had been dipped in 500 ppm diflubenzuron - Tween 20. Adult codling moths dipped in or fed diflubenzuron solutions showed no marked adverse effects although marginal reductions in egg viability were observed.
SURVIVAL OF PUPAE OF HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS AND HELIOTHIS ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AT LOW TEMPERATURES
Authors: Eger Joseph E. , Witz John A. , Hartstack Albert W. , Sterling Winfield L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMortality of diapausing and non-diapausing pupae of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) and H. zea (Boddie) at low temperatures was assessed in the laboratory. Comparison of the exposure time necessary to induce 50% mortality (LT50) indicated that survival of diapausing pupae was significantly higher than that of non-diapausing pupae. Similar comparisons showed no consistent significant differences in mortality of pupae from different geographic locations within Texas or in pupae preconditioned in several different ways. One exception was the response of pupae of H. virescens preconditioned to varying temperatures. This type of preconditioning appeared to increase the cold-hardiness of pupae at subfreezing temperatures. Contact moisture significantly decreased LT50 values of pupae of both species at sub-zero temperatures. Predictive models for low temperature mortality were developed for dry, diapausing pupae.
PATHOGENICITY OF TWO NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSES IN THE BLACK CUTWORM, AGROTIS IPSILON (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE),
Authors: Johnson Timothy B. , Lewis Leslie C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLC50 and LT50 values for two multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis viruses isolated from the alfalfa looper, Autographa californica (Speyer), and a mint looper, Rachiplusia ou (Guenée), were determined against black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), neonate larvae, 1-day-old larvae reared at 15 °C before testing, and 1-day-old larvae reared at 27 °C before testing. The results showed that black cutworm larvae have low to moderate susceptibility to these viruses. As the larvae developed, their susceptibility to the viruses rapidly declined. Initial growth of larvae surviving sublethal dosages of these viruses was reduced, but pupal weights of these larvae were not significantly different from untreated controls.
TWO TWO-COMPONENT SEX ATTRACTANT BLENDS FOR ADULT MALES OF THE STRIPED CUTWORM, EUXOA TESSELLATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Struble D. L. , Steck W. F. , Swailes G. E. , Chisholm M. D. , Underhill E. W. , Lilly C. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMale moths of striped cutworm, Euxoa tessellata (Harris), were specifically attracted to blends of Z-5-tetradecenyl acetate or Z-5-hexadecenyl acetate with Z-7-hexadecenyl acetate. The most satisfactory quantities of these components per septum dispenser were: Z-5-tetradecenyl and Z-7-hexadecenyl acetates at 2.5 and 500 μg, or Z-5-hexadecenyl and Z-7-hexadecenyl acetates each at 500 μg. The addition of 1.0% Z-7-hexadecenol relative to Z-7-hexadecenyl acetate in either of these blends inhibited the attraction of males. The blend involving Z-5-tetradecenyl acetate is recommended for monitoring purposes.
RHYACIONIA BUSHNELLI (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) DAMAGED TIPS WITHIN PONDEROSA PINE: DISTRIBUTION AND SAMPLING UNIVERSE
Authors: Dix Mary Ellen , Jennings Daniel T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWithin individual trees in an 8-year-old provenance planting of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.) in central Nebraska, the infestation of tips by the western pine tip moth (Rhyacionia bushnelli Busck) generally decreased with increasing tree height and varied with whorl and seed source. Trees from Eastern Plains sources were taller and had fewer infestations than trees from three other geographic regions. Sampling tips on whorls 3 through 6, 4 through 6, or 4 through 7 all give an accurate estimate of damaged tips per tree in trees less than or equal to 3.0 m high.
LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE FOOD PREFERENCES OF SOME ORCHARD CARABIDS (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Hagley E. A. C. , Holliday N. J. , Barber D. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory studies of the food preferences of several adult carabids showed thatAmara aeneaDeG.,Anisodactylus sanctaecrucisF.,Harpalus affinisSchr., andStenolophus commaF. were polyphagous and readily fed on the seeds of several weeds as well as on young codling moth larvae and apple maggot pupae.H. affinisalso attacked 4th and 5th instar codling moth larvae and pupae more readily than the other species.Pterostichus melanariusIII. showed a strong preference for the larger prey such as 5th instar codling moth larvae, earthworms, and scarabaeid larvae. The potential of these species as predators of the codling moth and the apple maggot is discussed.
OCCURRENCE OF PHYLLOTRETA STRIOLATA, THE STRIPED FLEA BEETLE, IN OPEN PRAIRIE, FOREST, AND PARKLAND OF SASKATCHEWAN (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Burgess L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn Saskatchewan the range of Phyllotreta striolata (F.), a pest of parkland rapeseed crops, includes the open prairie in the southwest and the boreal forest in the north. The population of P. striolata on the open prairie is small, with cruciferous weeds being the major host plants. Cruciferous crops grown on the open prairie will almost certainly attract some P. striolata. The population of P. striolata in the forest is substantial, and the range extends northward into arctic regions. Although adults of P. striolata feed upon cruciferous plants growing in the forest, these plants do not appear abundant enough to constitute an adequate food supply. In addition, the identity of the major host plants of the larvae in the forest is unknown. In laboratory experiments, adults of P. striolata were attracted to and attempted to feed upon seven species of forest mosses; however, attempts to maintain a laboratory colony of P. striolata on one of the more abundant mosses were unsuccessful. Forest inhabiting P. striolata attacked rape planted in forest clearings, and therefore probably would infest rape crops grown along the forest edge or in newly cleared areas.
MULTIPLE RESISTANCE SHOWN BY FIELD STRAINS OF HOUSE FLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), TO ORGANOCHLORINE, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS, CARBAMATE, AND PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES
Authors: Harris C. R. , Turnbull S. A. , Whistlecraft J. W. , Surgeoner G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree house fly, Musca domestica L., strains, two from farms near Guelph, Ontario and one from a farm near Edmonton, Alberta were cultured and tested for their resistance to insecticides as compared with a susceptible laboratory strain. The two Guelph strains were resistant to the 7 organochlorine (OC) and 11 organophosphorus (OP) insecticides tested and to nearly all of the carbamate insecticides. One Guelph strain (A) which had been subjected to minimum pyrethrins pressure and no residual pyrethroid pressure was susceptible to pyrethrins and the 8 pyrethroid insecticides tested. The other Guelph strain (B), which had been subjected to intense pyrethrins–pyrethroid pressure, was resistant to pyrethrins and to all pyrethroids tested. The Edmonton strain had a history of insecticide exposure similar to the Guelph B strain and showed a similar resistance pattern. Resistance levels at the LD50 for the Guelph B strain, as compared with a susceptible laboratory strain, for the OP insecticides tested, ranged from ×50 for malathion to ×4.5 for dichlorvos; for the carbamates, from ×13.5 for bendiocarb to ×4.1 for methomyl; and for the pyrethroids, from ×55.6 for deltamethrin to ×18.7 for fenvalerate.
ELETROPHORETIC CHARACTERIZATIONS OF BLACK FLIES IN THESIMULIUM VENUSTUMANDVERECUNDUMSPECIES COMPLEXES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: Snyder T. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractElectrophoretic characterizations of sibling species in theSimulium venustum–verecundumcomplexes are presented based on nine enzymatic loci.Simulium verecundum s.l. is easily separable fromS. venustum s.l. by unique complements of electromorphs for lactate dehydrogenase. Quantitative and minor qualitative differences also exist between most pairs of sibling species withinS. venustumandS. verecundum. Not all pairs are separable using the nine enzymatic loci scored in this study. This close genetic affinity of species pairs that are not separable by electrophoretic methods parallels their chromosomal and ecological affinity.
OCCURRENCE OF CARABID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) IN A BOREAL FOREST DAMAGED BY FIRE
Authors: Richardson R. J. , Holliday N. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFifteen months after an intense forest fire, the fauna of carabid beetles in burnt and unburnt sites was sampled using pitfall traps to detect the indirect effects of fire on carabids caused by habitat change. Traps were installed in burnt and unburnt sites in which the dominant tree species before the fire was either spruce or aspen. The most commonly caught species wasPterostichus pensylvanicuswhich was captured more frequently in unburnt sites, but was not affected by dominant tree species; a similar pattern of distribution of captures was found forCarabus taedatus. Harpalus laticepswas captured only in burnt sites.P. lucublandusandDicaelus sculptilis upioideswere most commonly caught in the unburnt aspen site, whilePterostichus adstrictuswas most commonly caught in the burnt spruce site.
NUMBER OF INSTARS OF THE PITCH PINE TIP MOTH, RHYACIONIA RIGIDANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE, OLETHREUTINAE)
Authors: Gargiullo Paul M. , Berisford C. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHead capsule widths were measured on 962 larvae of Rhyacionia rigidana (Fernald). Five instars were detected using multimodal analysis, and normal distributions of head widths for each instar are given. Regression using an exponential growth model was used to generate mean head widths according to Dyar's rule. These widths did not differ significantly from observed widths.
A COMPARISON OF LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTS OF BACILLUS SPHAERICUS STRAIN 1593 AND BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS AGAINST AEDES STIMULASS LARVAE (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Wraight Stephen P. , Molloy Daniel , McCoy Patricia 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype H-14) and B. sphaericus strain 1593 were tested against Aedes stimulons larvae in the laboratory and in 38-cm-diam, open-ended cylinders embedded in the bottom detritus of a woodland pool. Estimates of LC50 were lower against fourth instars in the field at a mean temperature of 15.9 °C than in the laboratory at 21.1 °C. The greater efficacy in the field was attributed to high daytime water temperatures (mean 20.5 °C) following treatment and exposure of the larvae to substantially greater amounts of toxic material in a larger volume of water than in the laboratory. The regression of probit on log10 concentration was not linear over the entire range of mortality caused by B. sphaericus, increasing the difficulty of estimation of LC values. Bacillus sphaericus was significantly less active than B. thuringiensis.
A REVISION OF THE COMOSA GROUP OF THE GENUS EUXOA HBN. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES
Authors: Lafontaine J. D. , Byers J. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe comosa group of the genus Euxoa is defined on the basis of genital characters. The species in the group are: comosa (Morrison), lineifrons (Smith), guadalupensis new species, lucida Barnes and McDunnough, fumalis (Grote), and occidentalis new species. On the basis of geographical variation of adults, life history data, and experimental hybridization, populations of E. comosa are arranged in five subspecies. Adults and genitalia are illustrated and a synopsis is given for each species and subspecies.
IMPLICATIONS OF TREE MICROHABITAT PREFERENCES OFCOMPSILURA CONCINNATA(DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) FOR ITS EFFECTIVENESS AS A GYPSY MOTH PARASITOID
Authors: Weseloh Ronald M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTethered gypsy moth larvae,Lymantria dispar(L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), placed in various tree microhabitats were most heavily parasitized byCompsilura concinnata(Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae) near the ground especially on leaves. In laboratory experiments, hosts were parasitized primarily between 6:00 AM and 6:00 PM (E.S.T.), with little parasitism at night. These data suggest that in the field, this tachinid will most efficiently attack young gypsy moth caterpillars, as instars 1 to 3 are the only ones consistently on or near foliage during daylight.C. concinnatafemales successfully parasitized young hosts, but larval development on 2nd instars was twice as long as that on 4th instars. Thus, only one generation of parasitoids on gypsy moths is likely per year. Results indicate that methods for improving the effectiveness of this parasitoid should emphasize increasing adult numbers early in the season.
A REVIEW OF THE GOERIDAE (TRICHOPTERA)
Authors: Denning D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGoera schmidi n. sp. from Thailand is described together with drawings of the greatly modified male genitalia and maxillary palpi. SEM micrographs of scales on the wings of Goeridae are presented. Distributional data are given for the Goeridae known to occur in Canada and the United States.
CNEPHASIA STEPHENSIANA, A SPECIES NEWLY RECORDED FROM CANADA AND COMPARED WITH THE PREVIOUSLY RECORDED C. INTERJECTANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Mutuura Akira 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA Palearctic species, Cnephasia stephensiana (Doubleday), was first collected in Nova Scotia in 1954 and has since been found in Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and near Ottawa, Ontario. C. stephensiana is compared with the introduced C. interjectana (Haworth) which was found first in Newfoundland in 1915.
ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER, AGROMYZA FRONTELLA (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE), EFFECTS ON ALFALFA IN VERMONT
Authors: MacCollom G. B. , Baumann G. L. , Gilroy N. L. , Welch J. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeven years of field evaluation has shown the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella (Rondani), to be of minor economic importance in Vermont. Although response to certain insecticidal treatments resulted in highly significant reduction in leaf mining at time of cut, no other differences were shown. Analyses of fiber content as measured by lignin, cell wall constituents, acid detergent fiber, quality as measured by % protein and % digestibility, and yields in dry weight (kg/ha) showed no significant differences. Comparison of leaflet dehiscence from field-cured and baled samples failed to indicate differences between blotched and healthy alfalfa.Two imported parasite species, Chrysocharis punctifacies Delucchi and Dacnusa dryas (Nixon), are established within the state; we predict that these parasites combined with native species will effect a decline in alfalfa blotch leafminer levels below any conceivable economic threshold.
AN EFFECT OF PARASITISM BY MICROCTONUS VITTATAE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) ON EMERGENCE OF PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE AND PHYLLOTRETA STRIOLATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) FROM OVERWINTERING SITES
Authors: Wylie H. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of the two main rape-infesting flea beetle species in Manitoba, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Phyllotreta striolata (F.), that were parasitized by Microctonus vittatae Mues., emerged earlier from overwintering sites than unparasitized adults of the same species. Early emergence of parasitized beetles ensures early emergence of parasite adults and thereby probably increases the impact of the parasite on the host's population.
AN ARTIFICIAL DIET FOR THE LABORATORY REARING OF THE OLD HOUSE BORER,HYLOTRUPES BAJULUS(COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)
Authors: Cannon Kevin F. , Robinson William H 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHylotrupes bajulus(L.) was successfully reared from egg to adult in 9 to 11 months on an artificial diet. The diet provided an adequate physical and nutritional environment for the development of old house borer larvae. Mortality and rearing time were reduced when larvae reared on artificial diet were compared with those reared by conventional methods.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE WHEAT STEM SAWFLY, CEPHUS CINCTUS (HYMENOPTERA: CEPHIDAE), IN WHEAT
Authors: Holmes N. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effects of the major factors on populations of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, were studied in the field at Lethbridge, Alberta between 1970 and 1977. Fecundity of the females, which contain an average of 32.7 eggs, is influenced by the condition and variety of host plants in which they develop as larvae. Populations of the adults that emerge from infested crops cut 7–9% by the larvae in one year may infest 70–80% of the stems of adjacent crops in the following year. Increased adult densities, however, fail to increase markedly the percentage of stems infested because the adults concentrate at field margins when they reinfest the most preferred stems. Because only one larva can mature in each stem, competition within stems that receive more than one egg causes a major drop in the population but not in the percentage of infested stems cut. Another major drop is caused by host plant resistance, which is influenced in both susceptible and resistant wheats by the weather during the growing season. On an average, all of the larvae die in 28% of the infested stems of two susceptible wheats and in 67% of those of a resistant wheat. The mortality in resistant wheats, however, is generally not sufficient to prevent economic infestations in subsequent years. Parasitism, which was a major factor in only 7 of 36 years in southern Alberta, is increased by weather conditions that cause delayed ripening of the wheat crops. The mortality of mature larvae and pupae averaged 21.3%. It is affected by extremes of moisture and temperature and can be increased slightly by shallow tillage of infested stubble.
EVALUATION OF FIVE TRAP DESIGNS FOR SAMPLING INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERED PINES
Authors: Younan E. G. , Hain F. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFive trap designs were evaluated for sampling the insect complex attracted to severed shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.), Virginia (P. virginiana Mill.), and loblolly (P. taeda L.) pines. The baffled flight trap was superior for capturing Coleoptera. Plexiglas®, saran screen, and 4-directional Plexiglas traps were most efficient in trapping Diptera and Hymenoptera. The results indicate that the choice of any particular trap depends on the group of insects to be sampled.
ECONOMICS OF INSECTICIDAL CONTROL OF FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) ATTACKING RAPE IN CANADA
Authors: Lamb R. J. , Turnock W. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe costs and benefits of insecticidal control and the losses attributable to flea beetle damage are estimated for oilseed rapes in Canada. Analyses of two farm surveys and reports on the efficacies of the various control practices conducted in test plots led us to calculate three sets of estimates based on different assumptions. Four-fold differences are observed between the lowest and highest estimates. The lowest estimates are adopted as the most realistic. The estimated losses were $72 million in 1979, 8% of the annual production. In 1979 growers spent about $12 million on insecticidal control which saved about $44 million worth of production. We conclude that flea beetle damage to rape causes an average annual yield loss of about 10% and is higher in Manitoba than Saskatchewan. The damage levels estimated from small test plots are higher, on average, than those in commercial fields, which accounts for most of the differences among estimates.
THE LARVAE OF PAGASTIA OLIVER (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEARCTIC SPECIES
Authors: Oliver D. R. , Roussel M. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA generic description of the larvae of Pagastia Oliver is presented. The larvae of three Nearctic species, P. partica (Roback), P. sequax (Garrett), and P. sp. A are described. A diagnostic key to these species is included.