bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eddy-Modulated Internal Waves and Mixing on a Midocean Ridge
Authors: Liang Xinfeng , Thurnherr Andreas M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous in the World Ocean and dominate the energy content on subinertial time scales. Recent theoretical and numerical studies suggest a connection between mesoscale eddies and diapycnal mixing in the deep ocean, especially near rough topography in regions of strong geostrophic flow. However, unambiguous observational evidence for such a connection has not yet been found, and it is still unclear what physical processes are responsible for transferring energy from mesoscale to small-scale processes. Here, the authors present observations demonstrating that finescale variability near the crest of the East Pacific Rise is strongly modulated by low-frequency geostrophic flows, including those due to mesoscale eddies. During times of strong subinertial flows, the authors observed elevated kinetic energy on vertical scales &lt;50 m and in the near-inertial band, predominantly upward-propagating near-inertial waves, and increased incidence of layers with Richardson number . In contrast, during times of weak subinertial flows, kinetic energy in the finescale and near-inertial bands is lower, Ri values are higher, and near-inertial waves propagate predominantly downward through the water column. Diapycnal diffusivities estimated indirectly from a simple Ri-based parameterization are consistent with results from a tracer-release experiment and a microstructure survey bracketing the mooring measurements. These observations are consistent with energy transfer (a “cascade”) from subinertial flows, including mesoscale eddies, to near-inertial oscillations, turbulence, and mixing. This interpretation suggests that, in addition to topographic roughness and tidal forcing, parameterization of deep-ocean mixing should also take subinertial flows into account. The findings presented here are expected to be useful for validating and improving numerical-model parameterizations of turbulence and mixing in the ocean.
Histoire(s) et actualité du vodou à Paris. Hiérarchies sociales et relations de pouvoir dans un culte haïtien transnational
Authors: Béchacq Dimitri 
Published: April 2012

Cet article examine les conditions historiques, sociales et matérielles des pratiques du vodou à Paris et en Ile-de-France. Les enjeux de ces pratiques soulignent une dynamique de visibilité et d’invisibilité, d’inclusion et de fermeture qui détermine autant les relations humaines à l’intérieur du culte que les rapports avec une société française réfractaire au vodou. Sa présence à Paris remonte aux années 1960, avec les mises en scène inspirées du culte, et elle s’inscrit dans une histoire qui débute par les tournées des troupes folkloriques, formées à Port-au-Prince dans les années 1940. Les pratiques contemporaines du vodou en Ile-de-France nécessitent des adaptations matérielles et rituelles. Elles relèvent autant d’une logique de protection que de relations de pouvoir fondées sur l’autorité religieuse et sur l’origine ethnique des pratiquants. Le vodou se révèle être un espace de compétition où les procédés de légitimation, véhiculés par des rumeurs, s’appuient sur des traditions et des territoires, sur la dimension économique et sur le respect des prescriptions rituelles. La circulation de ces rumeurs, de Paris à Brooklyn, suggère l’existence d’un espace transnational de moralité fondé sur des normes sociales et religieuses qui trouvent leur origine en Haïti. This article examines the historical, social and material conditions of the practice of Vodou in Paris and in the Ile-de-France region. This practice can be understood in terms of a dynamic of visibility and invisibility, of inclusion and exclusion which influences the human relationships within Vodou, as well as the resistance it has met in French society. Its presence in Paris goes back to the sixties, with theatre inspired by Vodou, and a history which begins with the tours of folk companies, trained in Port-au-Prince in the forties. The contemporary practice of Vodou in the Ile-de-France has involved material and ritual adaptations. It is founded as much upon a logic of protections as upon power relationships between religious authorities and the ethnic origins of Vodou practitioners. Vodou is revealed to be a competitive space where the process of legitimization, aided by rumours, is based on traditions and territories, on the economic dimension and on respect for ritual instruction. The circulation of these rumours, from Paris to Brooklyn, suggests the existence of a transnational space of morality based on social and religious norms which have their origin in Haiti.
Outpatient Parathyroid Surgery Data from the University Health System Consortium
Authors: Stack Brendan C. , Spencer Horace , Moore Evan , Medvedev Sofia , Bodenner Donald 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveTo determine demographics and cost for outpatients undergoing parathyroid surgery at hospitals belonging to the University Health System Consortium (UHC).Study DesignUHC data were accessed in 2011 and reflected data collected from 2005 through 2010 (24 quarters). Searching strategy was based on diagnoses of parathyroid disease and patients undergoing parathyroidectomy across all UHC member facilities. Complications evaluated in this analysis included: hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, aspiration pneumonia, hematoma, wound infection, stroke, myocardial infarction, deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (PE), and death.SettingThe University Health System Consortium, Oak Brook, Illinois, was formed in 1984 and consists of 112 academic medical centers and 250 of their affiliated hospitals. This represents 90% of the nonprofit academic medical centers in the United States (www.uhc.edu).Subjects and MethodsPatients enrolled in the UHC database were studied retrospectively. Data were compiled from discharge summaries into a secure, interactive, Web‐based database. The outpatient data collection set has been a recent addition to the originally established UHC inpatient discharge database.ResultsThere were 21,057 patients who had outpatient parathyroid surgery. The average age was 59.0 (0.8‐96.2) yrs. Seventy‐six percent of patients were female. Outpatient parathyroidectomy had lower charges than inpatient surgery ($12,738 and $14,657, respectively; P = 0.004, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test). Complications were low but were likely underreported.ConclusionParathyroid surgery is increasingly being done in the outpatient setting in the United States. By virtue of omitting inpatient hospitalization, the outpatient approach becomes a more economical way to manage parathyroid disease. This is the largest known series reporting experience with outpatient parathyroid surgery.
Survival Comparison of Allograft and Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction at the United States Military Academy
Authors: Pallis Mark , Svoboda Steven J. , Cameron Kenneth L. , Owens Brett D. 
Published: April 2012

Background: There is recent evidence that use of allograft tendons for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in young patients may result in increased failure rates compared with autologous grafts. Hypothesis: Allograft ACL reconstruction will result in higher failure rates in young athletes compared with autograft reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A prospective cohort study of cadets at the United States Military Academy (USMA) was performed to assess performance of ACL reconstructions performed before entrance to service. Members of the classes of 2007 through 2013 who had undergone prior ACL reconstruction were identified through the Department of Defense Medical Evaluation Review Board reporting and waiver process and evaluated on the first day of matriculation. These participants were followed during their tenure at the academy with revision ACL reconstruction as the primary outcome measure of interest. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed for all graft types using STATA with significance set as P < .05. Results: A total of 120 cadets underwent 122 ACL reconstructions (2 bilateral) before matriculation and compose the prospective cohort. This cohort included 30 female and 90 male cadets. Of these 122 knees with prior ACL reconstructions, the grafts used were 61 bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB), 45 hamstring, and 16 allograft. A total of 20 failures occurred among this cohort at an average of 545 days from matriculation. Of the failures requiring revision, 7 were BTB (11% of all BTB), 7 were allograft (44% of all allograft), and 6 were hamstring (13% of all hamstring). There was no significant difference in the graft failure between the BTB and hamstring autograft groups. In contrast, those who entered the USMA with an allograft were 7.7 times more likely to experience a subsequent graft failure during the follow-up period when compared with the BTB autograft group (hazard ratio = 7.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.67-22.38; P < .001). When allografts were compared with all autografts combined, a similar increase failure was noted in the allograft group (hazard ratio = 6.71; 95% CI, 2.64-17.06; P < .001). Conclusion: In this young active cohort, individuals having undergone an allograft ACL reconstruction were significantly more likely to experience clinical failure requiring revision reconstruction compared with those who underwent autologous graft reconstruction. The authors recommend the use of autograft in ACL reconstruction in young athletes.
Synthesis and properties of high performance polyimides derived from a novel diamine containing a N-octylcarbazole unit and two 3,5-diarylimidazole groups
Authors: Ghaemy Mousa , Alizadeh Raouf , Nasr Farzaneh Hashemi , Akbari Jafar 
Published: April 2012

A novel heterocyclic diamine based on carbazole and imidazole rings, 5,5′-(9-octyl-carbazole-3,6-diyl)bis[4-phenyl-2-(4-amino-phenyl)-1H-imidazole], was synthesized from readily available compounds through a multi-step procedure in high yield. The obtained diamine was fully characterized and its polycondensation reaction with different aromatic dianhydrides via the conventional two-step method, ring-opening polycondensation and chemical imidization, led to preparation of novel photoactive and heat resistant polyimides with improved solubility. The effects of the heteroaromatic rings into the main chain of the prepared polyimides were evaluated through the study of their solubility, thermal and optical properties. The inherent viscosities of the resulting polyimides were in the range of 0.39–0.51 dL g−1, and all of them were soluble in common polar aprotic solvents. Meanwhile, they had good thermal stability with glass transition temperature ( Tg) values of 312–330 °C, the temperature at 10% weight loss of 475–495 °C, and the residue at 700 °C of 61–65% in nitrogen. These polymers exhibited strong UV-vis absorption, and their photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed maxima at 413–426 nm in solution and at 429–438 nm in the solid state. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that these polyimides were predominantly amorphous.
Rowing Injuries
Authors: Hosea Timothy M. , Hannafin Jo A. 
Published: April 2012

Context: Rowing is one of the original modern Olympic sports and was one of the most popular spectator sports in the United States. Its popularity has been increasing since the enactment of Title IX. The injury patterns in this sport are unique because of the stress applied during the rowing stroke. Evidence Acquisition: This review summarizes the existing literature describing the biomechanics of the rowing stroke and rowing-related injury patterns. Data were obtained from previously published peer-reviewed literature through a search of the entire PubMed database (up to December, 2011) as well as from textbook chapters and rowing coaching manuals. Results: Rowing injuries are primarily overuse related. The knee, lumbar spine, and ribs are most commonly affected. The injury incidence is directly related to the volume of training and technique. Conclusion: Familiarity of the injury patterns and the biomechanical forces affecting the rowing athlete will aid in prompt diagnosis and appropriate management.
Graft-versus-host disease disrupts intestinal microbial ecology by inhibiting Paneth cell production of α-defensins
Authors: Eriguchi Yoshihiro , Takashima Shuichiro , Oka Hideyo , Shimoji Sonoko , Nakamura Kiminori , Uryu Hidetaka , Shimoda Shinji , Iwasaki Hiromi , Shimono Nobuyuki , Ayabe Tokiyoshi , Akashi Koichi , Teshima Takanori 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is a curative therapy for various hematologic disorders. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and infections are the major complications of SCT, and their close relationship has been suggested. In this study, we evaluated a link between 2 complications in mouse models. The intestinal microbial communities are actively regulated by Paneth cells through their secretion of antimicrobial peptides, α-defensins. We discovered that Paneth cells are targeted by GVHD, resulting in marked reduction in the expression of α-defensins, which selectively kill noncommensals, while preserving commensals. Molecular profiling of intestinal microbial communities showed loss of physiologic diversity among the microflora and the overwhelming expansion of otherwise rare bacteria Escherichia coli, which caused septicemia. These changes occurred only in mice with GVHD, independently on conditioning-induced intestinal injury, and there was a significant correlation between alteration in the intestinal microbiota and GVHD severity. Oral administration of polymyxin B inhibited outgrowth of E coli and ameliorated GVHD. These results reveal the novel mechanism responsible for shift in the gut flora from commensals toward the widespread prevalence of pathogens and the previously unrecognized association between GVHD and infection after allogeneic SCT.
Exposure of R169 controls protein C activation and autoactivation
Authors: Pozzi Nicola , Barranco-Medina Sergio , Chen Zhiwei , Di Cera Enrico 
Published: April 2012

AbstractProtein C is activated by thrombin with a value of kcat/Km = 0.11mM−1s−1 that increases 1700-fold in the presence of the cofactor thrombomodulin. The molecular origin of this effect triggering an important feedback loop in the coagulation cascade remains elusive. Acidic residues in the activation domain of protein C are thought to electrostatically clash with the active site of thrombin. However, functional and structural data reported here support an alternative scenario. The thrombin precursor prethrombin-2 has R15 at the site of activation in ionic interaction with E14e, D14l, and E18, instead of being exposed to solvent for proteolytic attack. Residues E160, D167, and D172 around the site of activation at R169 of protein C occupy the same positions as E14e, D14l, and E18 in prethrombin-2. Caging of R169 by E160, D167, and D172 is responsible for much of the poor activity of thrombin toward protein C. The E160A/D167A/D172A mutant is activated by thrombin 63-fold faster than wild-type in the absence of thrombomodulin and, over a slower time scale, spontaneously converts to activated protein C. These findings establish a new paradigm for cofactor-assisted reactions in the coagulation cascade.
The treatment of glioblastoma multiforme through activation of microglia and TRAIL induced by rAAV2-mediated IL-12 in a syngeneic rat model
Authors: Chiu Tsung-Lang , Wang Mei-Jan , Su Chin-Cheng 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Microglial cells are the predominant immune cells in malignant brain tumors, but tumors may release some factors to reduce their defensive functions. Restoration of the anti-cancer function of microglia has been proposed as a treatment modality for glioblastoma. We examined the effect of intra-cranially administered recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding interleukin-12 (rAAV2/IL12) on transfection efficiency, local immune activity and survival in a rat model of glioblastoma multiforme.

Methods
F344 rats were injected with rAAV2/IL12 and implanted with syngeneic RG2 cells (glioblastoma cell line). Intracerebral interleukin-12 and interferon-γ concentrations were determined by ELISA. Activation of microglia was determined by expressions of ED1 and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) which were evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The proliferation of cancer cells was evaluated with Ki67 immunohistochemistry and apoptosis of cancer cells with TUNEL.

Results
The brains treated with rAAV2/IL-12 maintained high expression of interleukin-12 and interferon-γ for at least two months. In syngeneic tumor model, brains treated with rAAV2/IL12 exhibited more infiltration of activated microglia cells as examined by ED1 and TRAIL stains in the tumor. In addition, the volume of tumor was markedly smaller in AAV2/IL12-treated group and the survival time was significantly longer in this group too.

Conclusion
The intra-cerebrally administered rAAV2/IL-12 efficiently induces long lasting expression of IL-12, the greater infiltration of activated microglia cells in the tumor associated improved immune reactions, resulting in the inhibited growth of implanted glioblastoma and the increased survival time of these rats.
Gene expression analysis of mammary tissue during fetal bud formation and growth in two pig breeds – indications of prenatal initiation of postnatal phenotypic differences
Authors: Chomwisarutkun Kunsuda , Murani Eduard , Ponsuksili Siriluck , Wimmers Klaus 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
The mammary gland is key to all mammal species; in particular in multiparous species like pigs the number and the shape of functional mammary gland complexes are major determinants of fitness. Accordingly, we aimed to catalog the genes relevant to mammogenesis in pigs. Moreover, we aimed to address the hypothesis that the extent and timing of proliferation, differentiation, and maturation proccesses during prenatal development contribute to postnatal numerical, morphological and functional properties of the mammary gland. Thus we focused on differentially expressed genes and networks relevant to mammary complex development in two breeds that are subject to different selection pressure on number, shape and function of teats and show largely different prevalence of non-functional inverted teats. The expression patterns of fetal mammary complexes obtained at 63 and 91 days post conception (dpc) from German Landrace (GL) and Pietrain (PI) were analyzed by Affymetrix GeneChip Porcine Genome Arrays.

Results
The expression of 11,731 probe sets was analysed between the two stages within and among breeds. The analysis showed the largest distinction of samples of the breed GL at 63 dpc from all other samples. According to Ingenuity Pathways Analysis transcripts with abundance at the four comparisons made (GL63-GL91, PI63-PI93, GL63-PI63 and GL91-PI91) were predominantly assigned to biofunctions relevant to `cell maintenance, proliferation, differentiation and replacement´, `organismal, organ and tissue development´ and `genetic information and nucleic acid processing´. Moreover, these transcripts almost exclusively belong to canonical pathways related to signaling rather than metabolic pathways. The accumulation of transcripts that are up-regulated in GL compared to PI indicate a higher proliferating activity in GL, whereas processes related to differentiation, maturation and maintenance of cells are more prominent in PI. Differential expression was validated by quantitative RT-PCR of five genes (GAB1, MAPK9, PIK3C2B, PIK3C3 and PRKCH) that are involved in several relevant signaling pathways.

Conclusions
The results indicate that mammary complex development in PI precedes GL. The differential expression between the two breeds at fetal stages likely reflects the prenatal initiation of postnatal phenotypes concerning the number and shape as well as functionality of teats.
Enhancer identification in mouse embryonic stem cells using integrative modeling of chromatin and genomic features
Authors: Chen Chih-yu , Morris Quaid , Mitchell Jennifer A 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundEpigenetic modifications, transcription factor (TF) availability and differences in chromatin folding influence how the genome is interpreted by the transcriptional machinery responsible for gene expression. Enhancers buried in non-coding regions are found to be associated with significant differences in histone marks between different cell types. In contrast, gene promoters show more uniform modifications across cell types. Here we used histone modification and chromatin-associated protein ChIP-Seq data sets in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells as well as genomic features to identify functional enhancer regions. Using co-bound sites of OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG (co-OSN, validated enhancers) and co-bound sites of MYC and MYCN (limited enhancer activity) as enhancer positive and negative training sets, we performed multinomial logistic regression with LASSO regularization to identify key features.ResultsCross validations reveal that a combination of p300, H3K4me1, MED12 and NIPBL features to be top signatures of co-OSN regions. Using a model from 10 signatures, 83% of top 1277 putative 1 kb enhancer regions (probability greater than or equal to 0.8) overlapped with at least one TF peak from 7 mouse ES cell ChIP-Seq data sets. These putative enhancers are associated with increased gene expression of neighbouring genes and significantly enriched in multiple TF bound loci in agreement with combinatorial models of TF binding. Furthermore, we identified several motifs of known TFs significantly enriched in putative enhancer regions compared to random promoter regions and background. Comparison with an active H3K27ac mark in various cell types confirmed cell type-specificity of these enhancers.ConclusionsThe top enhancer signatures we identified (p300, H3K4me1, MED12 and NIPBL) will allow for the identification of cell type-specific enhancer regions in diverse cell types.
Functional requirements for inhibitory signal transmission by the immunomodulatory receptor CD300a
Authors: DeBell Karen E , Simhadri Venkateswara R , Mariano John L , Borrego Francisco 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundActivation signals can be negatively regulated by cell surface receptors bearing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). CD300a, an ITIM bearing type I transmembrane protein, is expressed on many hematopoietic cells, including subsets of lymphocytes.ResultsWe have taken two approaches to further define the mechanism by which CD300a acts as an inhibitor of immune cell receptor signaling. First, we have expressed in Jurkat T cells a chimeric receptor consisting of the extracellular domains of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)2DL2 fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic segments of CD300a (KIR-CD300a) to explore surrogate ligand-stimulated inhibition of superantigen stimulated T cell receptor (TCR) mediated cell signaling. We found that intact CD300a ITIMs were essential for inhibition and that the tyrosine phosphorylation of these ITIMs required the src tyrosine kinase Lck. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the CD300a ITIMs created docking sites for both src homology 2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-1 and SHP-2. Suppression of SHP-1 and SHP-2 expression in KIR-CD300a Jurkat T cells with siRNA and the use of DT40 chicken B cell lines expressing CD300a and deficient in several phosphatases revealed that SHP-1, but not SHP-2 or the src homology 2 domain containing inositol 5’ phosphatase SHIP, was utilized by CD300a for its inhibitory activity.ConclusionThese studies provide new insights into the function of CD300a in tuning T and B cell responses.