bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Profile of Bloodstream Infections in Cancer Patients
Authors: Kabi Sunita , Swain Bichitrananda , Jain Swati 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) remain a major cause of mortality in patients with malignancies. Up to 17% of patients who develop a nosocomial BSI in the hospital have an underlying malignancy. Gram-negative bacilli are the predominant etiologic agents of BSI, and their multidrug resistance rate is increasingly being recognized. This study attempts to identify the likely causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility profile of BSI in cancer patients.

Methodology:
We conducted a prospective study for a period of 1 year and analyzed the spectrum of BSI and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile in cancer patients. Blood samples were collected aseptically and inoculated in BacT/ALERT (BioMerieux) blood culture bottles. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates including their methicillin resistance and β-lactamase and carbapenemase production were done by Vitek-2 (BioMerieux) method.

Results:
Of a total of 250 cancer patients, 60 (24%) were found to have BSI. The most common underlying malignancy associated with BSI was of gastrointestinal system (45%) followed by acute myeloid leukemia (21.7%). Most of the isolates belonged to Gram-negative bacteria (53.3%). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common organism isolated followed by Escherichia coli.

Conclusion:
The treatment of infections in patients with malignancy relies on the use of established guidelines along with the consideration of local epidemiological data. The poor activity of primary empirical agents and the emergence of multidrug-resistance is alarming.
Serum Creatine Kinase and Other Profile of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Saha Santa , Joardar Anindita , Roy Sarnava , Mondal Tanushree , Gangopadhyay Gautam , Haldar Dibakar , Das Harendra Nath 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Serum creatine kinase (CK) level is increased muscular dystrophy (MD) and may be used as a clue to identify MDs.

Objective:
The objective is to compare CK levels between Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), to correlate value of serum CK with number of deletions, duration of illness and to establish a cut off value of CK for screening.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was carried out in a tertiary care institute of Kolkata. Clinically diagnosed patients of 139 DMDs and 50 BMDs along with 69 age-matched individuals suffering from diseases other than MDs was included. Estimation of serum CK levels and gene analysis were done for all.

Results:
DMD victims were found to be younger with low age of onset and lesser disease duration but higher serum CK level compared to those having BMD. Most of the genetic deletions were happened in distal region of dystrophin gene and a significant difference was revealed to exist between DMD and BMD neither in regard to proportion of overall deletion nor deletions in proximal and distal region. However, gene deletion was found absent in 31% and 42% of DMD and BMD cases. Serum CK level of 511.5 unit/L was seemed to be a reliable cut-off for detection of DMD and BMD with 97.3% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and area under the curve 0.989 with a P = 0.000.

Conclusion:
In case of nonavailability of genetic test facility as well as negative genetic test serum CK may be tried for identifying MD.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with 2019 Novel CoronaVirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection
Authors: Gupta Raj Kumar , Dhanger Gayatri , Gupta Vishal , Gupta Manohar Lal , Goyal Alok 
Published: May 2024

Background:
MIS-C is a serious condition that appears to be linked to novel coronavirus disease 2019, which is increasingly being reported worldwide. Here we report 10 children diagnosed with MIS-C.

Aims and Objective:
To describe the clinical and laboratory findings along with treatment and outcome of hospitalized children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with 2019 novel corona virus at SPMCHI, Jaipur. Methods: This was an observational study of 10 children who presented with MIS-C during 10-week duration from 1 October to 20 December 2020.

Results:
The median age of study was7 years. 8 patients had antibody test positive, 1 antigen by RTPCR was positive and 1 patient was negative. 4(40%) required intensive care unit admission and inotropic support. All patients received steroids, 4 (40%) IVIg, out of 10, 8(80%) survived and 2 (20%) expired.

Conclusion:
Children with MIS-C present with varied clinical presentation. There was a low RT-PCR positivity with high SARS-CoV-2 antibodies positivity. High index of suspicion is required for this clinical emerging complication of corona in children.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level Estimation among Patients with Parkinson's Disease in West Bengal, India, and its Relationship with Motor Impairment
Authors: Sinharoy Uma , Saha Shankar Prasad 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Worldwide, the association of Vitamin D deficiency in Parkinson's disease (PD) has recently been proposed. However, to the best of our knowledge, such studies are lacking from eastern India.

Aims:
This study compares the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in a cohort of patients with PD with the prevalence in age-matched healthy controls. It also aimed at determining a significant correlation of the severity of the various motor manifestations in PD with low serum vitamin levels.

Settings and Design:
It was a prospective observational case–control study to estimate the level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D) concentrations of the sample population.

Subjects and Methods:
One hundred consecutive PD patients were selected for this study between 2015 and 2018 from the patients attending neurology outpatient department. Control (n = 100) participants were randomly selected after matching for age sex, and geographic location.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 15 with multivariate logistic regression (the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and P value) was applied.

Results:
Among 100 PD patients 48, patients (48%) had Vitamin D deficiency, 34 patients (34%) had Vitamin D insufficiency, and 18 patients (18%) had normal Vitamin D level; whereas age- and sex-matched control population shows Vitamin D deficiency in 46% people, normal vitamin level in 42%, and insufficient Vitamin D level in 12% control population. The mean (standard deviation) 25(OH) D concentration in the PD cohort was significantly lower than in the control cohorts (20.72 [8.21] ng/mL vs. 25.56 [11.99] ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.001). There was major association between 25(OH) D levels and severity of motor scores (P = 0.028), tremor (P = 0.0001), bradykinesia (P = 0.001), and severity of freezing (P = 0.002), whereas no significant association was found between Vitamin D levels and rigidity (P = 0.05) and postural instability (P = 0.395).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates a significantly higher prevalence of hypovitaminosis in PD versus healthy controls. The severity of motor scores, tremor, and bradykinesia and severity of freezing were found to have a direct inverse correlation with low serum Vitamin D levels which further emphasizes the provision of preventive and therapeutic supplementation of Vitamin D in PD.
A Community-Based Survey on Evaluation of Prevalence of Domestic Violence against Women in the Rural Area of Pondicherry
Authors: Kanagarajan P. , Bharati D. R. , Sharadha M. P. , Lokeshmaran A , Boratne Abhijit Vinodrao 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Domestic violence refers to type of family violence, which includes elder abuse, child abuse, wife abuse, and other forms of violence between family members. Not only is a women's physical and mental well-being perturbed by domestic violence but it also takes a toll on their child rearing attributes, thereby victimizing children as well. Various studies have shown the prevalence of domestic violence in different developed as well as developing countries. However, there are few studies available on the domestic violence among women in the rural areas of India. Therefore, the present study was designed to estimate the prevalence of domestic violence in the rural regions of Pondicherry.

Materials and Methods:
This community-based study was conducted on a total of 623 women in the age group of 15–49 years, which were recruited by following the inclusion/exclusion criteria given by demographic and health surveys. The selected population was further distributed based on the different demographic characteristics such as education, type of family, occupation, marital status, and type of marriage. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the observations.

Results:
A statistically significant association was noted between marital status and domestic violence with incidents of domestic violence being more in the married women (P = 0.01), especially those employed (P = 0.004). Women with alcoholic husbands and receiving dowry threats were more prone to domestic violence (P < 0.00001).

Conclusion:
This study indicates that, although an advanced educational status of women is a protective factors against domestic violence in both married and unmarried woman, employed woman are more often targets of violence exalting the need to upscale societal sensitization in tandem with educational programs for girl child.
Acute Toxic Effects of Polyurethane Microplastics on Adult Zebra Fish (Danio Rerio)
Authors: Hosseini Dinani Fatemeh Sadat , Baradaran Azar , Ebrahimpour Karim 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
Microplastics (MPs) have become an emerging environmental contaminant and there are increasing concerns about potentially toxic effects on living organisms. This study is aimed to determine uptake, tissue accumulation, and toxic effects of polyurethane microplastics (PUR-MPs) on zebra fish.

Materials and Methods:
The zebra fish were exposed to different concentrations of PURs-MPs of different sizes for 10 days. Mortality and behavioral changes were monitored. Ingestion and tissue accumulation of PUR-MPs were studied by fluorescent tagging of PUR-MPs. Pathological damages of tissues were investigated with hematoxylin-eosin staining.

Results:
Microsize PUR-MPs can be ingested by zebra fish and fluorescent-tagged PUR-MPs were found in gills and gastrointestinal (GI) tract of fish after 10 days of exposure. A significant negative correlation was found between fluorescence intensity in fish tissues and size of PUR-MPs. Gills, GI tract, and liver were the most affected tissues by PUR-MP toxicity. GI damages included epithelial detachment, thinning of the bowel wall, congestive inflammation, epithelial damage, and lesions of villi in the gastric wall. Necrosis, adhesion, and partial fusion of secondary lamellae were the dominant pathological damages in the gills. Liver also was affected by cellular necrosis, infiltration, and lipid droplets.

Conclusion:
Exposure of zebra fish to PUR-MPs leads to ingestion of these particles by fish and significant increase in fish mortality and tissue damages. Particle size and MP concentration were the key determinant factors in PUR-MP toxicity. The results of the present study provide novel insights into environmental toxicity of PUR-MPs and toxic effect of PUR-MPs in aquatic organisms.
The Analysis of the Cognitive Function Parameters in Exposure to Noise Using Emotiv-EPOC Electroencephalography Headset
Authors: Mohebian Zohreh , Khorshidikia Samane , Forouharmajd Farhad , Pourabdian Siamak 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aim:
Exposure to noise in different work and nonwork places is considered to be a problem. Noises impertinent to professional duties are highly dangerous to the safety, efficiency, and personal health of an individual. This study aims to analyze the electroencephalography (EEG) signals to reveal the effect of produced noises in a laboratory environment on the cognitive function of the brain.

Materials and Methods:
In this case/control study, the sample volume was determined based on similar studies and previous researches of 20 individuals. Fifty percentage of the individuals were male and the other half were female. Initially, the EEG device was connected to the students’ heads. The duration of this test was 8 min; the student took it a number of times, while his cognitive performance was measured with the EEG device in the midst and at the end of the test. The fulfillment of cognitive duties (the daily quota of lessons) and the n-back test took place for the cohort in an environment in which a simulated noise was provided.

Results:
The age average in boys and girls were respectively 24 ± 4.2 and 23 ± 3.5. The results demonstrated that cognitive parameters of concentration, excitement, anxiety, calmness, commitment, and interest in exposure to low-frequency sound using an EEG Emotiv EPOC headset in different intervals. The parameters of commitment, concentration, and calmness decreased as the allotted time increased, and only the fall in commitment parameter was significant (P = 0.006).

Conclusion:
The findings of the present study demonstrate that the decrease in cognitive performance and brain signals in exposure to 85 dB noise was significant. This could have also been caused by psycho-acoustic factors such as sound level, tonality, duration of exposition, and the type of sound. In relation to exposure time, results have shown that in the presence of loud noise and in comparison, to quietude, the average response time to stimulants increase (slower response).
Brain waves, cognitive function, noise
Diet in Thyroid Disorders: A Survey among Clinicians and a Review of the Current Perspective
Authors: Singh Awadhesh Kumar , Chatterjee Subhankar , Singh Akriti , Bhattacharjee Rana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Physicians and endocrinologists commonly face various questions related to dietary interventions during clinical encounters with their patients with thyroid disorders. Indeed, both patients and treating physicians have various misconceptions regarding thyroid-specific diets, possibly because of misinformation circulated in lay media or grey literature and the misinterpretation of contradictory scientific data, respectively. In this review, we attempted to answer some frequently asked questions by the patients in the backdrop of contraindicatory perceptions of physicians observed in our survey. Additionally, we tried to put a perspective on dietary factors related to thyroid disorders through the available scientific evidence to help make an informed decision-making.
Tumor-induced osteomalacia due to a phosphaturic mesenchymal maxillary tumor
Authors: Batra Chandar Mohan , Singh Vikram P , Upadhyaya Sundeep Kumar , Kashyap Vikas , Jain Savita , Kumar Kiran P , Goyal Monika , Kachroo Varsha 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Tumor-induced osteomalacia is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome with hypophosphatemia due to renal phosphate wasting. The clinical presentation is bony pains and muscle wasting. A 23-year-old male presented to us in a wheelchair with joint pain and muscle weakness for 5 years. There was no history of a similar disease in the family. Treatment with non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, steroids, and infliximab was unsuccessful. Positive examination findings revealed tenderness and swelling in both ankle and knee joints, tenderness in hip joints, proximal myopathy, and power grade 4/5 in the proximal leg muscles. On evaluation, he was found to have severe hypophosphatemia [serum phosphate 1.2 mg/dl], decreased renal phosphate absorption [tubular maximum for phosphate reabsorption adjusted for glomerular filtration rate (TMP/GFR) of 1.04], increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and decreased 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D levels. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET-CT) revealed a left maxillary tumor. Histopathology revealed a mesenchymal tumor. Tumor excision resulted in cure of the patient’s symptoms and the normalization of serum phosphate levels and TMP/GFR.
Hypothalamic hamartoma in an infant presenting as precocious puberty
Authors: Khan Kaynat , Alam Ahmad , Ashraf Hamid 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Precocious puberty refers to the emergence of secondary sexual traits before the typical age for children of the same gender and race. It is classified into gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty (GDPP) and gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty (GIPP) based on the underlying pathologic process. GDPP is caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, while GIPP results from excessive sex hormone synthesis from the gonads or adrenal glands. This report presents a case of GDPP in a female toddler. The patient exhibited symptoms of precocious puberty as early as 3 months of age and was subsequently diagnosed with hypothalamic hamartoma. This case report represents one of the earliest documented instances of menarche in the medical literature, occurring at an exceptionally young age due to a central etiology.
Acute kidney injury due to rhabdomyolysis in a patient with primary hypothyroidism
Authors: Ahmad Sk Ansar , Mahata Rahin , Mahapatra Umakanta , Maitra Swarnojit , Malakar Shobhan Lal , Rai Lalit Kumar 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Acute kidney injury (AKI), secondary to rhabdomyolysis (RM) following strenuous work with primary hypothyroidism, is rare. Here, is a case report of a 32-year-old female who developed AKI following strenuous work in a paddy field in the background of overt primary hypothyroidism. High serum creatine phosphokinase levels and high concentration of myoglobin in urine were noted, which was suggestive of myoglobinuria due to severe RM and elevated creatine level in serum, which indicated AKI. The patient’s condition improved significantly after initiation of levothyroxine replacement therapy and hemodialysis. AKI secondary to RM with primary hypothyroidism and strenuous work as a precipitating factor is quite rare. We expect this case report to add to the existing literature on this subject.
Heterosexual precocious puberty due to virilizing adrenocortical adenoma
Authors: Alam Ahmad , Ashraf Hamid , Siddiqui Yousuf Mohsin Bari , Ara Rafyat , Qadri Shagufta 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
This case details a 5-year-old girl with a 3-month history of heterosexual precocious puberty, presenting with clitoral enlargement and pubic hair development. In our patient, the clinical and hormonal characteristics were suggestive of adrenocortical carcinoma. However, radiological and histopathological findings indicated adrenocortical adenoma. This case highlights the diagnostic complexities that exist in pediatric adrenocortical tumors.
Microbiological comparison of efficacy of two chewing gum on salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans count in caries active children – An in vivo study
Authors: Ramachandra Jaya Agali , Gopinath Gayathri 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess, evaluate, and compare the efficacy of xylitol chewing gums and immunoglobulin Y (IgY) chewable tablet on Streptococcus mutans by microbiological culture method in caries-active children.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 30 children were selected from two residential schools, situated in kumbalgodu, Bengaluru, aged between 5 and 8 years with DMFT/dmft index of 3–6. The children were randomly divided into two groups by lottery method, each consisting of 15 children per group. IgY chewable tablet – Group I (test group) and xylitol chewing gum – Group II (control group). The children were given IgY no decay chewable tablet and xylitol chewing gum, respectively, and were instructed to chew one pellet each two times a day after a meal for 30 days. Preintervention salivary samples were collected at baseline, 30 days after chewing gum use as postintervention sample, for microbiological analysis.

Results:
IgY no decay chewable tablet two times a day for 30 days can successfully reduce salivary S. mutans counts than the xylitol chewing gum group.

Conclusion:
This study concluded that IgY in the form of chewable tablet has shown a maximum beneficial effect against salivary S. mutans for children who are at high risk of caries than xylitol chewing gum.
Prevalence of oral lesions among coronavirus disease 2019 cohorts
Authors: Ajagannanavar Sunil Lingaraj , Srinivas D R , Pushpa R 
Published: May 2024

Background:
In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), considered as Pandemic has gained Public importance caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30, 2020. Few cases have reported the presence of oral lesions among Covid Cohorts for which we considered it has a less explored area.

Aim and Objectives:
The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalance of oral lesions among Covid19 Inpatients in District Hospital, Shivamogga.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional survey will be conducted to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among Covid19 Inpatients in District Hospital, Shivamogga, India. The Performa included information on socio-demographic details, habits (tobacco and alcohol), oral hygiene practices and presence and location of oral mucosal lesions according to World Health Organisation, 2013. Considering the prevalence of Oral lesions among Pilot Survey Sampling size will be determined. Informed consent would be obtained from patients and ethical approval from Institutional ethical board. Descriptive statistical analysis would be carried out and Chi-square test will be used for comparisons. Confidence level will be set at 95% and p value 5%, respectively.

Results:
A total of 248 In-patients with Covid -19 were included in the study. Almost half of the patients 127(51.2%) complained Aphthous-like oral ulcer, followed by Xerostomia 52(20.96%), herpes-like lesions 47(19%), candidiasis 44(18%), glossitis/depapillation 10(4%), geographic tongue 6 (2.41%), angular cheilitis 3 (1.2%), parotitis 2 (0.8%) Ulceration with ischemic necrosis of palate 11 (4.43%). Oral lesions were scattered throughout mouth in which majority was found in the tongue (35.4%) followed by sulcus (15%), Lips(11.6%), and commissures(10.8%).

Conclusion:
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 is the major public health burden in the world, along with systemic manifestations it is definitely found to have a significant effect on the oral health varying from small Aphthous like ulcers to necrosis of palate. Several attempts are done to integrate medical and dental services in different healthcare and public health settings to support populations with unmet oral health during this pandemic situation.