bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of mandated use early warning system tools on the development of nurses' higher‐order thinking: A systematic review
Authors: Flenady Tracy , Connor Justine , Byrne Amy‐Louise , Massey Deb , Le Lagadec Marie Danielle 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimAscertain the impact of mandated use of early warning systems (EWSs) on the development of registered nurses' higher‐order thinking.DesignA systematic literature review was conducted, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and checklist (Page et al., 2021).Data SourcesCINAHL, Medline, Embase, PyscInfo.Review MethodsEligible articles were quality appraised using the MMAT tool. Data extraction was conducted independently by four reviewers. Three investigators thematically analysed the data.ResultsOur review found that EWSs can support or suppress the development of nurses' higher‐order thinking. EWS supports the development of higher‐order thinking in two ways; by confirming nurses' subjective clinical assessment of patients and/or by providing a rationale for the escalation of care. Of note, more experienced nurses expressed their view that junior nurses are inhibited from developing effective higher‐order thinking due to reliance on the tool.ConclusionEWSs facilitate early identification of clinical deterioration in hospitalised patients. The impact of EWSs on the development of nurses' higher‐order thinking is under‐explored. We found that EWSs can support and suppress nurses' higher‐order thinking. EWS as a supportive factor reinforces the development of nurses' heuristics, the mental shortcuts experienced clinicians call on when interpreting their subjective clinical assessment of patients. Conversely, EWS as a suppressive factor inhibits the development of nurses' higher‐order thinking and heuristics, restricting the development of muscle memory regarding similar presentations they may encounter in the future. Clinicians' ability to refine and expand on their catalogue of heuristics is important as it endorses the future provision of safe and effective care for patients who present with similar physiological signs and symptoms.ImpactThis research impacts health services and education providers as EWS and nurses' development of higher‐order thinking skills are essential aspects of delivering safe, quality care.No Patient or Public ContributionThis is a systematic review, and therefore, comprises no contribution from patients or the public.
Insurance and economic growth nexus: A comprehensive exploration of the dynamic relationship and future research trajectories
Authors: Singh Dharmendra , Srivastava Abhay Kumar , Malik Garima , Yadav Anshul , Jain Prateek 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAcademic interest in insurance and economic growth nexus has prospered in the last two decades. There needs to be more review‐based research in this area. We, therefore, reviewed the literature and presented future research directions helpful for the further development of the research field. This literature review seeks to enrich the discourse on insurance and economic growth through a comprehensive and detailed review of 126 articles covering 96 journals from 2004 to 2023. Using Theory, Context, Characteristics, and Methods (TCCM), a detailed analysis has been conducted on the prominent theories, research context, key variables, and the methodologies and analysis techniques employed in the literature over the past 19 years. Through content analysis, we present the findings across three knowledge dimensions related to insurance and economic growth: research focus, country focus, and insurance focus. Our research sheds light on under‐researched contexts, variables, and analytical techniques.
The challenge of ecological validity in temporomandibular disorders research
Authors: Nickel Jeffrey C. , Gonzalez Yoly M. , Gallo Luigi M. , Iwasaki Laura R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo review the ecological validity of outcomes from current research involving temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), with an emphasis on chronic myofascial pain and the precocious development of degenerative disease of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).Materials and MethodsCurrent approaches used to study TMDs in terms of neuromechanics, masticatory muscle behaviours, and the dynamics of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) were assessed for ecological validity in this review. In particular, the available literature was scrutinized regarding the effects of sampling, environmental and psychophysiological constraints and averaging data across biological rhythms.ResultsValidated computer‐assisted numerical modelling of the neuromechanics used biological objective functions to accurately predict muscle activation patterns for jaw‐loading tasks that were individual‐specific. With respect to masticatory muscle behaviour, current findings refute the premise that sustained bruxing and clenching at high jaw‐loading magnitudes were associated with painful TMDs such as myofascial pain. Concerning the role of the ANS in TMDs, there remains the need for personalized assessments based on biorhythms, and where the detection of dysregulated physiologic oscillators may inform interventions to relieve pain and restore normal function.ConclusionsFuture human research which focuses on TMD myofascial pain or the precocious development and progression of TMJ degenerative joint disease requires experimental designs with ecological validity that capture objectively measured data which meaningfully reflect circadian and ultradian states.
Typhoid fever in children in Goroka, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Ruape Whitney Ato , Mond Casparia , Toroi Watson , Max Becky , Chanoan Josephine , Duke Trevor 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundTyphoid is endemic in many low‐income countries, including in Papua New Guinea. This study aimed to describe the burden and clinical features of typhoid in children in a provincial hospital, to describe environmental conditions that lead to typhoid, and to document the antibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella spp. in the Eastern Highlands Province.MethodsA combined retrospective and prospective study of children admitted to with clinical features of typhoid to the Goroka Hospital throughout 2022.ResultsThe study included 98 children, of which 54% were female. The median age was 8 (IQR 5–10.6) years. Over 60% of the patients were from Goroka District, the peri‐urban area encompassing the town and surrounds. Ninety‐four percent (92) of the patients used a pit latrine as a toilet and only 28% had access to treated water. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were common (60%), as was leukopenia (48%), thrombocytopenia (52%) and anaemia (42%). Thirty‐seven patients had positive blood cultures for Salmonella typhi; all isolates were sensitive to third‐generation cephalosporins, pefloxacin, ampicillin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, and only 54% sensitive to chloramphenicol. The median duration of hospitalisation was 6 days (IQR). There were no deaths.ConclusionPrompt public health actions are needed to reduce the burden of typhoid infection in the Papua New Guinea. The conjugate typhoid vaccine should be considered in the highlands region, where typhoid is most endemic.
Evaluation of antimicrobial purchasing by companion animal veterinary facilities in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America (2019‐2021)
Authors: Weese J. Scott , Mosher Margo , Low Rochelle , West Ellie , O'Kelley Ben , Morrison Jo Ann , Kimmerlein Anne , St. Bernard Silene , Blackie Kathrine , Gronlund Ulrika , Battersby Ian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMeasuring antimicrobial use is a core component of antimicrobial stewardship. Purchasing data may be easier to obtain than prescription data in some situations, but differences in clinic size, caseload and collection timeframes must be considered.ObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate purchases of systemic antibacterial agents by small animal veterinary facilities in 5 networks across 3 countries, using a mg/veterinarian full time equivalent (FTE)/week as the metric.MethodsData were obtained from purchasing records of 2194 veterinary facilities from networks from the United States (US, n = 3: US‐A, 1036 facilities; US‐B, 101 facilities; US‐C, 886 facilities), Canada (n = 1: 117 facilities) and the United Kingdom (UK, n = 1: 54 facilities) during 2019‐2021.ResultsIn total, 20 020 269 767 mg (20.02 t) of antimicrobials were purchased. Overall differences between the UK and North America were driven by significantly higher purchases of amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid in the UK (P < .001), with substantially less purchasing of third generation cephalosporins in the UK (P < .0001). A significant association was found between FTE and purchasing, with decreased purchasing (mg/FTE/week) as facility FTE increased. Significant differences also were found among US regions. Facilities in the top 10% of total purchasing accounted for 23%‐30% of purchases, compared to only 1.6%‐3.8% for the bottom 10%.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThese data provide useful information about general purchasing trends, inter‐ and intraregional differences and differences among facility types and identify high purchasing outliers for further investigation.
Safety and biologic activity of a canineanti‐CD20monoclonal antibody in dogs with diffuse largeB‐celllymphoma
Authors: McLinden Gretchen P. , Avery Anne C. , Gardner Heather L. , Hughes Kelly , Rodday Angie M. , Liang Kexuan , London Cheryl A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the safety and utility of combining low dose single‐agent doxorubicin with a canine specific anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody (1E4‐cIgGB) in client owned dogs with untreated B‐cell lymphoma.AnimalsForty‐two client‐owned dogs with untreated B‐cell lymphoma.MethodsA prospective, single arm, open label clinical trial of dogs with B‐cell lymphoma were enrolled to receive 1E4‐cIgGB and doxorubicin in addition to 1 of 3 immunomodulatory regimens. B‐cell depletion was monitored by flow cytometry performed on peripheral blood samples at each visit.ResultsDogs demonstrated a statistically significant depletion in CD21+ B‐cells 7 days following the first antibody infusion (median fraction of baseline at 7 days = 0.04,P < .01) that persisted throughout treatment (median fraction of baseline at 21 days = 0.01,P< .01) whereas CD5+ T‐cells remained unchanged (median fraction of baseline at 7 days = 1.05,P = .88; median fraction of baselie at 7 days = 0.79,P= .42; Figure 1; Supplemental Table 3). Recovery of B‐cells was delayed, with at Day 196, only 6/17 dogs (35%) remaining on the study had CD21+ counts >0.5 of baseline, indicating sustained B cell depletion at 4+ months after the final treatment. 1E4‐cIgGB was well tolerated with only 1 dog exhibiting a hypersensitivity event within minutes of the last antibody infusion.ConclusionsThe canine 1E4‐cIgGB anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody is apparently safe when administered with doxorubicin and effectively depletes B‐cells in dogs with DLBCL.
Problems and strategies to maintain the existence of domestic registered patents in Indonesia to promote the economic growth
Authors: Amirulloh Muhamad , Muchtar Helitha Novianty 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe number of acquisitions of Indonesian domestic patents is still low, while Article 130 letter d of Law Number 13 of 2016 concerning Patents regulates the abolition of patents due to the patent holder not fulfilling the obligation to pay the annual fee. This provision causes the loss of registered patent rights that have been hard to obtain, while the legal protection is still long, and there is still potential for commercialization value. It is feared that this will become one of the obstacles in the effort to increase the acquisition of domestic patents which in the end will also hamper Indonesia's economic growth. This article seeks to formulate the problems and strategies in maintaining the existence of domestically registered patents to be able to provide adequate protection for the exclusive rights of inventors while at the same time being able to support national economic growth.
Effective detection of BRAFV595E mutation in canine urothelial and prostate carcinomas using immunohistochemistry
Authors: Aeschlimann Leonore , Kehl Alexandra , Guscetti Franco , Posthaus Caroline , Aupperle‐Lellbach Heike , Rottenberg Sven , de Brot Simone 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCanine urothelial carcinoma (UC) and prostate carcinoma (PC) frequently exhibit the BRAFV595E mutation, akin to the BRAFV600E mutation common in various human cancers. Since the initial discovery of the BRAF mutation in canine cancers in 2015, PCR has been the standard method for its detection in both liquid and tissue biopsies. Considering the similarity between the canine BRAFV595E and human BRAFV600E mutations, we hypothesized that immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a BRAFV600E‐specific antibody could effectively identify the canine mutant BRAFV595E protein. We tested 122 canine UC (bladder n = 108, urethra n = 14), 21 PC, and benign tissue using IHC and performed digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) on all 122 UC and on 14 IHC positive PC cases. The results from ddPCR and IHC were concordant in 99% (135/136) of the tumours. Using IHC, BRAFV595E was detected in 72/122 (59%) UC and 14/21 (65%) PC. Staining of all benign bladder and prostate tissues was negative. If present, mutant BRAF staining was homogenous, with rare intratumour heterogeneity in three (4%) cases of UC. Additionally, the BRAFV595E mutation was more prevalent in tumours with urothelial morphology, and less common in glandular PC or UC with divergent differentiation. This study establishes that BRAFV600‐specific IHC is a reliable and accurate method for detecting the mutant BRAFV595E protein in canine UC and PC. Moreover, the use of IHC, especially with tissue microarrays, provides a cost‐efficient test for large‐scale screening of canine cancers for the presence of BRAF mutations. This advancement paves the way for further research to define the prognostic and predictive role of this tumour marker in dogs and use IHC to stratify dogs for the treatment with BRAF inhibitors.
Tectonic geomorphology and Quaternary slip history of the Fuyun fault, southwestern Altai Mountains, central Asia
Authors: Wu Chen , Huang Ke , Yin An , Zhang Jinyu , Zuza Andrew V. , Haproff Peter J. , Ding Lin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The northwest-trending Altai Mountains of central Asia expose a complex network of thrust and strike-slip faults that are key features accommodating intracontinental crustal shortening related to the Cenozoic India-Asia collision. In this study, we investigated the Quaternary slip history of the Fuyun fault, a right-lateral strike-slip fault bounding the southwestern margin of the Altai Mountains, through geologic mapping, geomorphic surveying, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) geochronology. At the Kuoyibagaer site, the Fuyun fault displaces three generations of Pleistocene–Holocene fill-cut river terraces (i.e., T3, T2, and T1) containing landslide and debris-flow deposits. The right-lateral offsets are magnified by erosion of terrace risers, suggesting that river course migration has been faster than slip along the Fuyun fault. The highest Tp2 terrace was abandoned in the middle Pleistocene (150.4 ± 8.1 ka uppermost OSL age) and was displaced 145.5 +45.6/–12.1 m along the Fuyun fault, yielding a slip rate of 1.0 +0.4/–0.1 mm/yr since the middle Pleistocene. The lower Tp1 terrace was abandoned in the late Pleistocene and aggraded by landslides and debris flows in the latest Pleistocene–Holocene (36.7 ± 1.6 ka uppermost OSL age). Tp1 was displaced 67.5 +14.2/–6.1 m along the Fuyun fault, yielding a slip rate of 1.8 +0.5/–0.2 mm/yr since the late Pleistocene. Our preferred minimum slip rate of ~1 mm/yr suggests the Fuyun fault accommodates ~16% of the average geodetic velocity of ~6 mm/yr across the Altai Mountains. Integration of our new Fuyun slip rate with other published fault slip rates accounts for ~4.2 mm/yr of convergence across the Chinese Altai, or ~70% of the geodetic velocity field.
Use of GLP1 receptor agonists in early pregnancy and reproductive safety: a multicentre, observational, prospective cohort study based on the databases of six Teratology Information Services
Authors: Dao Kim , Shechtman Svetlana , Weber-Schoendorfer Corinna , Diav-Citrin Orna , Murad Reem Hegla , Berlin Maya , Hazan Ariela , Richardson Jonathan L , Eleftheriou Georgios , Rousson Valentin , Diezi Leonore , Haefliger David , Simões-Wüst Ana Paula , Addor Marie-Claude , Baud David , Lamine Faiza , Panchaud Alice , Buclin Thierry , Girardin François R , Winterfeld Ursula 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) are indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and more recently for weight loss. The aim of this study was to assess the risks associated with GLP1-RA exposure during early pregnancy.DesignThis multicentre, observational prospective cohort study compared pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to GLP1-RA in early pregnancy either for diabetes or obesity treatment with those in two reference groups: (1) women with diabetes exposed to at least one non-GLP1-RA antidiabetic drug during the first trimester and (2) a reference group of overweight/obese women without diabetes, between 2009 and 2022.SettingData were collected from the databases of six Teratology Information Services.ParticipantsThis study included 168 pregnancies of women exposed to GLP1-RA during the first trimester, alongside a reference group of 156 pregnancies of women with diabetes and 163 pregnancies of overweight/obese women.ResultsExposure to GLP1-RA in the first trimester was not associated with a risk of major birth defects when compared with diabetes (2.6% vs 2.3%; adjusted OR, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.16 to 5.82)) or to overweight/obese (2.6% vs 3.9%; adjusted OR 0.54 (0.11 to 2.75)). For the GLP1-RA group, cumulative incidence for live births, pregnancy losses and pregnancy terminations was 59%, 23% and 18%, respectively. In the diabetes reference group, corresponding estimates were 69%, 26% and 6%, while in the overweight/obese reference group, they were 63%, 29% and 8%, respectively. Cox proportional cause-specific hazard models indicated no increased risk of pregnancy losses in the GLP1-RA versus the diabetes and the overweight/obese reference groups, in both crude and adjusted analyses.ConclusionsThis study offers reassurance in cases of inadvertent exposure to GLP1-RA during the first trimester of pregnancy. Due to the limited sample size, larger studies are required to validate these findings.
Molecular-Induced Steric Shape Separation of Nano Geometries
Authors: Ahmad Imtiaz 
Published: April 2024

The separation of specific-shaped nanoparticles from particle mixtures is important for the construction of particle domains with shape-specific characteristics. On the other hand, shape-based particle separation techniques have not received as much attention as size-based techniques. The shape separation effect of molecule-coated nanoparticles is primarily dependent on short-range steric interaction. The surfactant’s geometrical arrangement determines the position of the nanoparticle’s various crystallographic facets; this also determines how the various shapes are organized throughout the nanoparticle self-assembly process. In addition to smooth surfaces with a fixed droplet contact line and a stable environment, the self-assembled shape separation effect has been observed on surfaces with wettability stripe patterns and fluctuating environments where the droplet contact line behaves stick–slip-like during the evaporation process. The shape separation of spheres and rods is strongly influenced by steric interactions. Since shape-dependent transport properties exist in such nano-crystalline domains, it is important to understand the shape separation effect.
Serum Lipid Levels, Genetic Risk, and Lung Cancer Incidence: A Large Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Qi , Shi Ziwei , Yan Xiaolong , Lei Zhiqun , Zhu Wenmin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Previous studies usually focused on the separate association of metabolism or genetic factors with lung cancer risk and have largely ignored their combined effect. We aimed to examine the associations between serum lipid levels, genetic risk, and lung cancer risk.

Methods:
A total of 426,524 participants of the UK Biobank were included. The Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were performed to assess the association between serum lipid and lung cancer risk. Polygenic risk score (PRS) was constructed to assess its joint effect and interaction with serum lipid on lung cancer risk.

Results:
Higher level of apolipoprotein A was significantly correlated with lower lung cancer risk. An inverse-J-shaped relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and incident lung cancer was found. Individuals with low total cholesterol, HDL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein A, and apolipoprotein B, combined with high PRS, showed significantly elevated lung cancer risks. Compared to those with low PRS and low triglycerides, participants with high PRS and elevated triglyceride levels had a notably higher risk. The interaction effect of high PRS and low LDL [relative excess risk due to the interaction (RERI): 0.25, 95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.46], as well as the interaction effect of high PRS and low apolipoprotein B (RERI: 0.28, 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.48), were both greater than the sum of their individual effects on lung cancer risk.

Conclusions:
Serum lipids were associated with lung cancer risk. LDL or apolipoprotein B interacting with genetic risk may affect lung cancer risk.

Impact:
Our findings emphasize the need for individuals with heightened genetic risk should pay more attention to their lipid levels to reduce lung cancer risk.
Sequencing of Anti-CD19 Therapies in the Management of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Lownik Joseph , Boiarsky Jonathan , Birhiray Ruemu , Merchant Akil , Mead Monica 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Several second- and third-line immunotherapeutic options for patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ineligible for autologous stem cell transplant are directed against the B-cell antigen cluster of differentiation 19 (CD19). The anti–CD19 monoclonal antibody tafasitamab, paired with the immunomodulator lenalidomide, mediates antibody-dependent cellular toxicity and phagocytosis; the antibody–drug conjugate loncastuximab tesirine delivers the DNA cross-linking agent tesirine via CD19 binding and internalization; and CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) products are engineered from autologous T cells. Although CD19 expression is assessed at diagnosis, clinically relevant thresholds of CD19 expression—which may not be detectable using current routine methodologies—have not been defined and may vary between CD19-directed treatment modalities. Determining optimal treatment sequencing strategies for CD19-directed therapy is hampered by the exclusion of patients who have received prior CD19-directed therapies from major clinical trials. Antigen escape, which is attributed to mechanisms including epitope loss and defective cell surface trafficking of CD19, is an important cause of CAR-T failure. Limited data suggest that CD19 expression may be maintained after non–CAR-T CD19-directed therapy, and retrospective analyses indicate that some patients with disease relapse after CAR-T may benefit from subsequent CD19-directed therapy. To date, clinical evidence on the effect of anti-CD19 therapy prior to CAR-T has been limited to small case series. Prospective studies and detailed analyses are needed to understand how pretreatment and posttreatment CD19 expression correlates with clinical responses to subsequent CD19-directed therapy to fully maximize treatment strategies.