bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histamine down-regulates IL-27 production in antigen-presenting cells
Authors: Gschwandtner Maria , Bunk Hannah , Köther Brigitta , Thurmond Robin L , Kietzmann Manfred , Werfel Thomas , Bäumer Wolfgang , Gutzmer Ralf 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Histamine down-regulates IL-27 production in monocytes, and stimulation of keratinocytes with supernatants from histamine-treated monocytes down-regulates CXCL10 secretion.
Histamine is a potent mediator in allergic inflammation with immunomodulatory properties. Since histamine was described to inhibit IL-12 production in human APCs, we hypothesized that also the expression of IL-27, a newly described member of the IL-12 family, which is present in inflammatory skin lesions, is modulated by histamine. Stimulation of human monocytes with histamine resulted in significant reduction of TLR ligand-induced IL-27 production in human monocytes. IL-27 subunits, p28 and EBI3, were down-regulated at the mRNA and protein level, whereas other cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, were not influenced. Studies with histamine receptor-specific agonists and antagonists showed that the down-regulation of IL-27 was mediated via H2R and H4R but not H1R and H3R. Human KCs treated with supernatants of histamine-prestimulated monocytes induced significantly less CXCL10 than supernatants containing high levels of IL-27. DCs from H4R−/− mice responded to TLR simulation with higher IL-27 production as compared with WT mice. The down-regulation of IL-27 by histamine might be a new mechanism in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases, in particular, if increased concentrations of histamine are present at sites of inflammation, such as in chronic eczema and psoriasis.
Magnetic Properties and Interplay between Nanographene Host and Nitric Acid Guest in Nanographene-Based Nanoporous Carbon
Authors: Hao Si-Jia , Takai Kazuyuki , Joly V L Joseph , Yokota Kazumichi , Kiguchi Manabu , Enoki Toshiaki 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Magnetic properties of nanoporous carbon consisting of a 3D disordered network of nanographite domains are investigated in relation to the host–guest interaction with guest nitric acid molecules possessing significant oxidizability. An individual nanographite domain consists of a stack of 3–4 nanographene sheets, the edges of which have the localized spins of nonbonding edge states. The adsorption of HNO3 induces a two-step reduction in the edge-state spin concentration due to the charge-transfer interaction and is accompanied with the decomposition of HNO3 into the magnetic NO molecules, which are dimerized to form nonmagnetic (NO)2 with an enthalpy of ≈35 kJ mol−1 at low temperatures. The electronic activities of the edge state play an important role in the decomposition effect, and the NO spins are coupled to the edge-state spins through exchange interaction. The NO molecules can be removed by vacuum heat-treatment above 200 °C, however the nitrogen-containing functional groups strongly incorporated on the nanographene sheets cannot be removed even at such high temperature.
Lack of Gromov-hyperbolicity in small-world networks
Authors: Shang Yilun 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The geometry of complex networks is closely related with their structure and function. In this paper, we investigate the Gromov-hyperbolicity of the Newman-Watts model of small-world networks. It is known that asymptotic Erdős-Rényi random graphs are not hyperbolic. We show that the Newman-Watts ones built on top of them by adding lattice-induced clustering are not hyperbolic as the network size goes to infinity. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effects of various parameters on hyperbolicity in this model.
Curvatures of the diagonal lift from an affine manifold to the linear frame bundle
Authors: Kowalski Oldřich , Sekizawa Masami 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We investigate the curvature of the so-called diagonal lift from an affine manifold to the linear frame bundle LM. This is an affine analogue (but not a direct generalization) of the Sasaki-Mok metric on LM investigated by L.A. Cordero and M. de León in 1986. The Sasaki-Mok metric is constructed over a Riemannian manifold as base manifold. We receive analogous and, surprisingly, even stronger results in our affine setting.
Keeping Ethnography in the Study of Communication
Authors: Irvine Judith T. 
Published: March 2012

Maintenir l'ethnographie à l'étude de la communication Le programme proposé par Dell Hymes pour l’ethnographie de la communication est illustré dans ce texte par une étude de cas tirée d’une recherche menée en milieu rural wolof au Sénégal dans les années mille neuf cent soixante dix et quatre vingt. Comme le proposait Hymes, l’étude du langage comme action sociale devait aller au-delà de la linguistique. L’étude décrit ainsi les registres linguistiques wolofs ; elle les met en rapport plus largement avec l’organisation des conduites en tant qu’elles sont des pratiques communicationnelles – ceci pour illustrer ce sur quoi porte le terme de communication dans l’expression ethnographie de la communication. Pour ce qui en est du mot d’ethnographie, l’argument est méthodologique ; il montre qu’il faut aller au-delà des seuls entretiens. Les entretiens dans le cas étudié n’auraient pas révélé comment l’organisation des pratiques linguistiques wolof diverge des descriptions normatives et métapragmatiques des interlocuteurs consultés. De telles descriptions représentent des stéréotypes culturels, auxquels ils se réfèrent d’une façon ou d’une autre ; mais les stéréotypes ne sont pas un compte rendu (account) de la pratique. Une approche ethnographique impliquant un engagement prolongé est nécessaire pour découvrir les principes qui sous-tendent les pratiques réelles et la manière dont la conduite de quelqu’un, dans des circonstances concrètes, est interprétée par ses semblables. Ces arguments sont en accord avec le projet de Hymes ; mais le texte prend aussi en compte certains points problématiques (par exemple la notion de « communauté » chez Hymes), et les raisons pour dépasser l’étude « du langage en situation culturelle et sociale » (language in culture), ce qui caractérisait l’époque de Hymes, et se tourner vers les conceptualisations nouvelles de l’idéologie langagière.
Comportements éthiques et responsabilité sociale : Quid de la pérennité ?...
Authors: Fray Anne-Marie 
Published: March 2012

Résumé La responsabilité sociale des organisations est un des éléments du triptyque ou « triple bottom line » du développement durable : ecology, economy et equity. Elle correspond à un changement de paradigme dans lequel émerge une logique de contrat, de coopération, de partenariat et de poursuite d’intérêts communs. Cette responsabilité sociale se vit dans une dimension interne (formation, équilibre, sécurité, développement...) et une dimension externe (intégration dans une communauté, extension des pratiques...). Elle est sous tendue par une dimension éthique qui l’aide à passer du simple niveau déclaratif au niveau synergique des principes et des actions. Mais deux écueils freinent son développement : la validité des critères de reconnaissance, nombreux et souvent peu concrets, et sa difficulté à se pérenniser devant les déviances incontournables dues aux sollicitations de l’environnement, aux exigences de cotation et aux exigences de performance économique et aux réalités du quotidien managérial face aux déclarations de principes.
Les clusters innovants et leurs atouts : le cas des clusters numériques
Authors: Diallo Demba 
Published: March 2012

Résumé Ces dernières années, à l’échelle nationale, régionale ou locale, les pouvoirs publics des pays développés et émergents sont confrontés à un défi commun, posé par la globalisation et le renforcement croissant d’une économie fondée sur la connaissance : comment favoriser l’attraction et l’ancrage de firmes à haute valeur ajoutée, créatrices de richesses et d’emplois à fort contenu en intelligence ? La réponse à cette question passe souvent, à partir de l’exemple précurseur de la Silicon Valley, dans la localisation d’entreprises spécialisées dans le secteur des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) et dans des secteurs connexes, moteurs de l’économie globale de la connaissance. Toutefois, les territoires souhaitant emprunter le chemin de la Silicon Valley sont souvent contraints par les spécificités de leurs trajectoires historiques et de celles des pays qui les abritent. Pour autant, n’est-il pas envisageable d’isoler, pour des territoires différents tant du point de vue de leur niveau de développement économique mesuré par leur niveau de revenu, que par leur situation géographique et leur trajectoire historique, des facteurs clés communs, motivant la localisation et l’ancrage des firmes du secteur des TIC, ainsi que des facteurs spécifiques ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons mené une large étude empirique couvrant des territoires situés en Asie Pacifique (Singapour, Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya et Cyberjaya en Malaisie), en Asie du Sud (Bangalore en Inde) et en Scandinavie (Helsinki en Finlande et Stockholm en Suède). Cette étude, construite à partir de la littérature économique et menée à partir d’entretiens avec une centaine d’acteurs clés de la dynamique économique des territoires considérés, hiérarchise les facteurs de la localisation et de l’ancrage des firmes TIC et connexes sur l’échantillon retenu, selon certains critères communs à l’ensemble, et d’autres spécifiques au niveau de développement du pays et du cluster.
Le rôle de la confiance organisationnelle dans la réduction des risques sociaux: Le cas des comportements déviants
Authors: Campoy Eric , Neveu Valérie 
Published: March 2012

Résumé Parmi les comportements individuels dits extra-rôle, les comportements déviants, voire dysfonctionnels du point de vue de l’organisation (négligence, agression, vol, etc.), sont généralement assez peu étudiés dans la littérature. Ce relatif désintérêt peut s’expliquer par un certain nombre de difficultés d’identification et de définition de la notion ; on note également une absence de cadre théorique dans lequel il serait possible d’insérer le phénomène. L’article propose une synthèse des principales définitions (typologies et catégories) des comportements déviants envisagés par la littérature. Par ailleurs, sont ici étudiés les mécanismes théoriques par lesquels les perceptions par le salarié d’injustice (injustice distributive, injustice procédurale) peuvent influencer les comportements déviants de ce dernier. Ces mécanismes sont analysés en termes de rupture de contrat psychologique et d’ébranlement de la confiance du salarié dans son organisation.
A.C.S.E.L. : Un outil de la Banque de France pour évaluer les performances des pôles de compétitivité
Authors: Maury Maxime 
Published: March 2012

Résumé Parce que la loi lui donne une mission de veille économique des territoires, la Banque de France a intégré dans le Contrat de service public qu’elle s’apprête à renouveler avec l’État le diagnostic économique A.C.S.E.L., orienté principalement vers les collectivités territoriales. A.C.S.E.L. permet de dresser un état des lieux du tissu d’entreprises implantées sur un territoire ou qui travaillent en réseau : forces, fragilités, dépendances.... Établi régulièrement, c’est un outil adapté à une réflexion sur les mesures de politique économique qui peuvent être envisagées ou sur leur impact. Il répond bien, par exemple, au souci de suivi des pôles de compétitivité. Leur démarrage réel date de 2006. Or les textes prévoient une évaluation de leurs résultats. Il serait donc utile de faire, dès le départ, une photographie de la situation économique du zonage correspondant et de voir, en dynamique, quelle sera son évolution au cours des prochaines années au fur et à mesure que cette grande initiative nationale, qui doit fonder le renouveau de notre compétitivité, portera ses fruits.
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Following Gunshot Fracture of the Humerus
Authors: Bercik Michael J. , Kingsbery Joseph , Ilyas Asif M. 
Published: March 2012

Current best evidence supports observation for peripheral nerve palsies following a fracture of the humerus unless associated with an open fracture. However, the indications for nerve exploration with humerus gunshot fractures are unclear.
All patients aged 18 to 89 years who were treated for a gunshot fracture of the humerus at an academic trauma center between 2004 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, fracture characteristics, fracture healing, nerve injury, and intraoperative findings were examined. Twelve patients were identified, of which 6 had nerve palsies at presentation. Three patients had an isolated single nerve palsy, and all recovered spontaneously within 90 days with observation. The other 3 patients had a concomitant brachial artery laceration, and all required a secondary nerve procedure, including 1 primary nerve repair for a near complete transection and 2 re-explorations with neurolysis due to lack of spontaneous recovery by 90 days. Nerve palsies are common after gunshot fractures of the humerus, but nerve transections are uncommon. We observed 1 nerve transection in 12 cases. However, in all 3 cases with a brachial artery injury, a nerve injury required surgical intervention. Subsequently, we recommend continued observation of isolated nerve palsies associated with gunshot fractures of the humerus. However, consider early nerve exploration of palsies when associated with a concomitant vascular injury.
Outcomes of Elderly Patients With Proximal Femoral Fractures According to Positive Criteria for Surgical Treatment
Authors: Ishimaru Daichi , Ogawa Hiroyasu , Maeda Masato , Shimizu Katsuji 
Published: March 2012

Proximal femoral fractures in elderly patients are a serious problem in the aging society. Recently, surgical indications have changed due to advancements in medical technology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome of elderly patients with displaced proximal hip fractures according to our positive criteria for surgical treatment. Exclusion criteria included (1) terminal-stage malignancy; (2) a combination of an inability to walk, a severe mental disorder, and caregiver refusal of surgery; and (3) nonapproval of the anesthesiologist for surgery.
The study group comprised 666 elderly patients. They were categorized into surgically and nonsurgically treated groups, and their treatment outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. The majority of patients were treated surgically (97.0% vs 3.0%). One-year survival rate was higher among surgically treated patients (82.2%–91.8%) than non-surgically treated patients (55%). The major cause of death in nonsurgically treated patients was deterioration of comorbidities (66.7%), whereas this was the cause of death in 18.9% of surgically treated patients. One-year survival rates were worse in both groups with a lower American Society of Anesthesiologists grade. The 1-year survival rate of our patients suggests that our surgical criteria offer a reasonable outcome in surgically and nonsurgically treated patients. American Society of Anesthesiologists grade and preexisting comorbidities were strongly correlated with patient outcome.
Treatment of Complicated Tibial Plateau Fractures With Dual Plating Via a 2-incision Technique
Authors: Zhang Yong , Fan De-gang , Ma Bao-an , Sun Si-guo 
Published: March 2012

The operative treatment of complicated bicondylar fractures of the tibial plateau remains a challenge to most surgeons. This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of dual plating via a 2-incision technique for the repair of complicated bicondylar tibial plateau fractures.
A series of consecutive patients with bicondylar tibial plateau fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with a double buttress plate or a combination of locking plate and buttress plate via a 2-incision technique between March 2004 and March 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Radiological and clinical results and complications of the 2 different fixation methods were compared. Seventy-nine patients matching the criteria of this study were followed up for at least 24 months. All of the fractures healed, with 3 cases of deep infection, 7 cases of secondary loss of reduction, 3 cases of secondary loss of alignment, and 10 cases of knee instability. At 24-month follow-up, mean Hospital for Special Surgery scores were 77.8±9.4 and 79.0±7.9 in the double buttress plate group and combination group, respectively. No significant differences in clinical or radiographic outcomes were found between the 2 groups, except that the combination group needed less bone graft. Dual plating with 2 incisions provided good exposition for the reduction and fixation of complicated bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. Using a combination of locking plate and buttress plate reduced the amount of bone graft compared with the double buttress plate technique.
Vorinostat: A Potent Agent to Prevent and Treat Laser-induced Corneal Haze
Authors: Tandon Ashish , Tovey Jonathan C.K. , Waggoner Michael R. , Sharma Ajay , Cowden John W. , Gibson Daniel J. , Liu Yuanjing , Schultz Gregory S. , Mohan Rajiv R. 
Published: March 2012

PURPOSE:
This study investigated the efficacy and safety of vorinostat, a deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in the treatment of laser-induced corneal haze following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in rabbits in vivo and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) -induced corneal fibrosis in vitro.

METHODS:
Corneal haze in rabbits was produced with −9.00 diopters (D) PRK. Fibrosis in cultured human and rabbit corneal fibroblasts was activated with TGFβ1. Vorinostat (25 μm) was topically applied once for 5 minutes on rabbit cornea immediately after PRK for in vivo studies. Vorinostat (0 to 25 μm) was given to human/rabbit corneal fibroblasts for 5 minutes or 48 hours for in vitro studies. Slit-lamp microscopy, TUNEL assay, and trypan blue were used to determined vorinostat toxicity, whereas real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, and immunoblotting were used to measure its efficacy.

RESULTS:

Single 5-minute vorinostat (25 μm) topical application on the cornea following PRK significantly reduced corneal haze (
P
<.008) and fibrotic marker proteins (α-smooth muscle actin and f-actin;
P
<.001) without showing redness, swelling, or inflammation in rabbit eyes in vivo screened 4 weeks after PRK. Vorinostat reduced TGFβ1-induced fibrosis in human and rabbit corneas in vitro in a dose-dependent manner without altering cellular viability, phenotype, or proliferation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Vorinostat is non-cytotoxic and safe for the eye and has potential to prevent laser-induced corneal haze in patients undergoing PRK for high myopia.
Signaling through L-Selectin Mediates Enhanced Chemotaxis of Lymphocyte Subsets to Secondary Lymphoid Tissue Chemokine
Authors: Subramanian Hariharan , Grailer Jamison J. , Ohlrich Kimberly C. , Rymaszewski Amy L. , Loppnow Jessica J. , Kodera Masanari , Conway Rochelle M. , Steeber Douglas A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractL-selectin functions as an important adhesion molecule that mediates tethering and rolling of lymphocytes by binding to high endothelial venule (HEV)-expressed ligands during recirculation. Subsequent lymphocyte arrest and transmigration require activation through binding of HEV-decorated homeostatic chemokines such as secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC; CCL21) to its counterreceptor, CCR7. Importantly, L-selectin also functions as a signaling molecule. In this study, signaling induced by ligation of L-selectin using mAb or endothelial cell-expressed ligand significantly enhanced the chemotaxis of murine T cells and B cells to SLC but not to other homeostatic chemokines. Consistent with the expression levels of L-selectin in different lymphocyte subsets, L-selectin–mediated enhancement of chemotaxis to SLC was observed for all naive lymphocytes and effector/memory CD8+ T cells, whereas only a subpopulation of effector/memory CD4+ T cells responded. During in vivo mesenteric lymph node migration assays, the absence of L-selectin on lymphocytes significantly attenuated both their ability to migrate out of the HEV and their chemotaxis away from the vessel wall. Notably, ligation of L-selectin and/or CCR7 did not result in increased CCR7 expression levels, internalization, or re-expression. Pharmacologic inhibitor studies showed that L-selectin–mediated enhanced chemotaxis to SLC required intact intracellular kinase function. Furthermore, treatment of lymphocytes with the spleen tyrosine kinase family inhibitor piceatannol reduced their ability to migrate across the HEV in peripheral lymph nodes. Therefore, these results suggest that “cross-talk” in the signaling pathways initiated by L-selectin and CCR7 provides a novel mechanism for functional synergy between these two molecules during lymphocyte migration.
Discovery of a NovelToxoplasma gondiiConoid-Associated Protein Important for Parasite Resistance to Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates
Authors: Skariah Sini , Bednarczyk Robert B. , McIntyre Matthew K. , Taylor Gregory A. , Mordue Dana G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractToxoplasma gondii modifies its host cell to suppress its ability to become activated in response to IFN-γ and TNF-α and to develop intracellular antimicrobial effectors, including NO. Mechanisms used by T. gondii to modulate activation of its infected host cell likely underlie its ability to hijack monocytes and dendritic cells during infection to disseminate to the brain and CNS where it converts to bradyzoites contained in tissue cysts to establish persistent infection. To identify T. gondii genes important for resistance to the effects of host cell activation, we developed an in vitro murine macrophage infection and activation model to identify parasite insertional mutants that have a fitness defect in infected macrophages following activation but normal invasion and replication in naive macrophages. We identified 14 independent T. gondii insertional mutants out of &gt;8000 screened that share a defect in their ability to survive macrophage activation due to macrophage production of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs). These mutants have been designated counter-immune mutants. We successfully used one of these mutants to identify a T. gondii cytoplasmic and conoid-associated protein important for parasite resistance to macrophage RNIs. Deletion of the entire gene or just the region encoding the protein in wild-type parasites recapitulated the RNI-resistance defect in the counter-immune mutant, confirming the role of the protein in resistance to macrophage RNIs.