bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preemergence Control of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.)1
Authors: Goss Roy L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisDacthal at 10 pounds, betasan at 15 pounds, dipropalin at 6 pounds, trifluralin at 2 pounds, and enide at 4 pounds per acre significantly controlled annual bluegrass for periods of 9 to 12 weeks. Dacthal and betasan were completely nonphytotoxic to mature turf. It is possible under field conditions to achieve good preemergence control of annual bluegrass if applications of these preemergence herbicides are made to coincide with the germination periods of the seed.
Effect of Potassium Rate and Source on Yield and Composition of Bromegrass in Alaska1
Authors: Laughlin Winston , Restad Sigmund H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisK application increased dry‐matter yields. Each K increment increased the K content, tended to increase the sum of cations, and tended to decrease the Ca content and Ca/Mg ratio. The P and Mg contents were independent of K application. Forage contained very high Mg and low Ca producing a very low Ca/Mg ratio. Sulfate and muriate of potash were equally effective as K sources. Second clipping forage contained more P and Mg each year than first clipping forage.
Some Factors Affecting the Yield Response of Soybeans to Irrigation1
Authors: Matson Arnold L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisGreater response to irrigation was obtained with the full season variety, ‘Ogden’, than with the midseason variety, ‘Dorman’, or the early variety, ‘Clark’. The May 15 plantitng date was superior to either the April 15 or June 15 date and 1½‐inch plant spacing within the row gave greater yields than 3‐inch spacing. Application of P and K gave no response. Irrigating from bloom to one month before harvest was nearly as effective as irrigating throughout the season.
Interpretation of Sieve Analyses of Agricultural Limestones and Suggested Particle Size Specifications1
Authors: Whittaker Colin W. , Chichilo P. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisConsiderable variation in fineness occurs among agricultural limestones from different geographical regions but most are of the ground and meal grades. Log normal plots of sieve opening diameters against cumulative percents passing, and the quartiles, median, and sorting coefficient are useful in studying particle size distributions. Specifications requiring that 50% shall pass a selected median sieve, and that 95% pass a coarser sieve, are suggested.
Relationship Between Grain Protein Percentage and Sedimentation Value of Four Wheat Varieties at Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization1
Authors: Stickler F. C. , Pauli A. W. , Johnson J. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisVariety and N‐fertilizer level significantly increased the protein content and sedimentation value. However, at the highest level of N fertilizer, the sedimentation value did not increase linearly with the protein content. There may be an upper limit to the ability of the wheat to utilize nitrogen in the production of true gluten proteins. Interactions of variety ✕ fertilizer level for both protein content and sedimentation were nonsignificant.
Relative Water Requirement and Its Relationship to Tiller Number and Heading Date in Eight Oat Varieties1
Authors: Widstrom N. W. , Harpstead D. D. , Shank D. B. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisDifferences in relative water requirement found among eight varieties of oats remained highly significant after removal of variation due to tiller number and heading date. Neither character was closely associated with water use, but heading date was more consistently related than tiller number. Environment affected water requirement considerably, but genotypes maintained their relative ranks in efficiency very well. The data suggest that sufficient genetic variability in water use exists to warrant selection for increased efficiency.
Improved Precision in Determining Field Seeding Rates1
Authors: Niffenegger Dan , Davis D. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSeeding values can be compared more effectively when seed test results are expressed as the number of normal sprout‐producing seeds planted per square foot at a 1 pound per acre seeding rate (Y) than when germination, purity, or “pure, live seed” is used as the measure for comparison. Y values differed markedly for seed lots of different species, for lots of different varieties, and for lots within varieties. Seed weight was the variable most strongly affecting the value of Y.
Responses of Ladino Clover to Phosphorus Withdrawal from the Nutrient Solution1
Authors: Wilkinson S. R. , Gross C. F. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisLadino clover seedlings previously grown in solution culture with adequate P can accumulate sufficient P to maintain rapid growth for several weeks after P is withdrawn. As this accumulated P within the plant is depleted, top growth is the first to suffer. Good root growth continues for some time even with poor top growth.
Influence of (NH4)2SO4 on Root Growth and P Absorption by Corn From a Fertilizer Band1
Authors: Miller M. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAddition of (NH4)2SO4 to a P band increased the absorption of fertilizer P by a single corn root in each of 3 experiments. The development of lateral roots on the single root was increased by (NH4)2SO4 in the first experiment but not in the other two. It was concluded that increased root growth was not a prerequisite for the increased absorption, and that (NH4)2SO4 had some specific physiological effect on the absorption of P.
Tillering of Sudangrass (Sorghum vulgare var. Sudanense, Hitch.) with Special Attention to the Fffects of Ridging1
Authors: Shen T. C. , Harrison C. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisRidging or “earthing up” reduced the number of tillers per plant in all experiments. Its effects were mainly due to the mechanical hindrance of soil on the emergence of tillers and their consequent etiolation. Low light intensity delayed the tillering process and enhanced the effect of ridging. Nutrient deficiency reduced the number of tillers. Ridging treatments generally increased the plant height and dry weight, which was attributed to the further development of crown parts and root systems.
Barley Production as Influenced by Timing of Soil Moisture and Timing of Nitrogen Applications1
Authors: Schreiber H. A. , Stanberry C. O. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisLow moisture tensions during pollination increased yield and during internode elongation increased spikes per plant and kernels per spike. Compared with 60 pounds of N per acre, 240 pounds increased spikes per plant, kernels per spike, and yield. N applications only at planting resulted in increased kernels per spike, kernel weight and yield, but decreased spikes per plant. Later applications in conjunction with planting applications resulted in further increases of spikes per plant and kernel weight.
Nitrogen‐Potassium Utilization by Three Pasture Grasses1
Authors: Duell Robert W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisOrchardgrass yields were reduced more by the inadequacy of applications of NH4NO3 only, than were tall fescue or Kentucky bluegrass. Percentage of K in plant tissue decreased where NH4NO3 was the only fertilizer applied. Orchardgrass showed the greatest and Kentucky bluegrass the least response to differences in K. In P content and responsiveness to P availability, the species ranked: orchardgrass>tall fescue>Kentucky bluegrass. Plots receiving only NH4NO3 had higher percentages of crude protein. Tail fescue generally had the lowest percentage of crude protein.
Sodium Accumulation and Sodium Responses of Five Varieties of Barley1
Authors: Shourbagy N. E. , Wallace A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisModerate levels of sodium increased the yields of 5 varieties of barley an average of 28% when grown in solution culture. A high level decreased yields for 4 of the 5 varieties. This level in most instances decreased Ca and Mg contents in tops and roots and that of K in roots. Na22 was readily translocated to shoots of all varieties and translocation was not influenced by anion source when Na22 was supplied at a low level or by temperature.
Geometrical Determination of Uncontrolled‐Controlled Factor Relationships Affecting Crop Yield1
Authors: Voss Regis , Pesek John 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA procedure for taking into account uncontrolled variableS within and among sites when computing yield functions is described and applied to fertilizer response data. The procedure was effective in predicting soil nutrient by fertilizer nutrient interactions for an experiment with 30 soils, each treated with 10 N and P fertilizer combinations.
Soil Compaction Effects on Field Plant Growth1
Authors: Wittsell L. E. , Hobbs J. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisWheat, sorghum, sudangrass, and tomato yields were reduced by compacting a silt loam soil to a bulk density of 1.6 g./cm.3. Severe compaction delayed maturing of wheat by several days and tomato ripening by two weeks. Soil condition was ameliorated in one year to the extent that second and third crop wheat yields were not reduced significantly by the initial compaction treatments.
Iron, Manganese, Boron and Zinc: Effects on Growth of Merion Kentucky Bluegrass1
Authors: Deal Elwyn E. , Engel Ralph E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIron and boron were detrimental to turf when used at high rates. Low rates of iron, manganese, and boron improved color of turf under low soil fertility. High rates of iron and zinc impaired rhizome development. Boron, the only element that affected shoot growth, produced a slight temporary increase in regrowth between mowings.
Vapor Pressures of an Air‐Water Interface During Evaporation1
Authors: Cary J. W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisLow evaporation rates from soil caused solutes in the soil solution to accumulate at the air‐water interface and reduce the vapor pressure. Nearly ten‐fold increases in concentration at the interface were observed with ZnSO4 in a cool moist soil. CaCl2, AlCl3, sucrose, and hexadecanol accumulated to lesser degrees, depending on the evaporation rate and the temperature. The small amount of water movement required to develop this increase suggests the phenomena may also occur next to semipermeable membranes, such as plant roots.
Morphological Effects of Moisture Stress on Burley Tobacco1
Authors: Ligon J. T. , Benoit G. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects of moisture stress, brought about by increased levels of soil moisture tension, on the morphological development of greenhouse‐grown burley tobacco plants were studied during the summers of 1963 and 1964. The tobacco plants were transplanted into cans (one plant per can) containing 160 pounds (oven dry basis) of Maury silt loam. The moisture treatments were, 1, to maintain the soil near 100% of available water, and 2, 3, 4, and 5, to return the soil to field capacity when the moisture decreased to 75, 50, 25, and 0% of available water. These percent available water values correspond to tension values of 0.25, 0.42, 0.96, 3.50 and 15 atmospheres, respectively. The results show that increased soil moisture tension resulted in decreases in total leaf area development, rate of leaf area development, and total dry weight of leaves (for treatments 3, 4, and 5). Irrigation of stressed plants resulted in increased growth rates which did not exceed the normal rates of continually nonstressed plants except as the nonstressed plants approached maturity. In addition, increased moisture tension delayed maturity, decreased quality, reduced stalk weight, and increased the ratio of leaf weight to stalk weight.
Influence of K on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Grasses Grown in Hydroponic Culture with 12, 50, and 75% of the N Supplied as NH4+1
Authors: MacLeod L. B. , Carson R. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe role of K in NH4+ utilization by three grasses harvested at the early vegetative, late vegetative, and early heading stages of development was studied in a greenhouse hydroponic experiment. Nitrogen was supplied at 250 ppm, with 12, 50, or 75% of the N in the form of NH4+ in solutions containing 50 or 250 ppm K. Orchardgrass produced the highest dry matter yield followed by bromegrass and timothy. A high ammonium source (75%) with low K (50 ppm) resulted depression of yield, reduction in tillering, increased mortality, and significant changes in the percent K, Ca, Mg, P in the plant tissue. Provision of adequate K (250 ppm) improved NH4+ utilization, increased the yield of forage and reduced the content of total, protein, and nonprotein N in the tissue. Potassium reduced the accumulation of tissue N in soluble or nonprotein form. Nonprotein nitrogen was the same at the late vegetative and early heading stages as at the early vegetative stage of development. The reduced nitrogen fraction which ranged from 0.3 to 0.8% with 50 ppm K was lowered to a range of 0.1 to 0.5% with 250 ppm K. Significant interaction effects for K and percent NH4+ showed that K increased the utilization of NH4+ nitrogen by grass and altered the percent of each nitrogen fraction present in the tissue.
Emergence of Corn in Relation to Soil Oxygen Diffusion Rates1
Authors: Wengel R. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPercent emergence of corn from soil was related to soil oxygen diffusion rates in an exponential manner. A “critical” diffusion rate range of 20–25 ✕ 10−8 g O2 cm−2 min−1 was indicated. Oxygen concentrations in the soil atmosphere may have been a factor affecting emergence independent of the oxygen supply based on plantinum electrode measurements.
Role of Reflected Light in the Corn Ecosystem1
Authors: Pendleton J. W. , Peters D. B. , Peek J. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAt Urbana, Illinois, a 3‐year investigation of the effect of light reflection on corn yields has shown that a white reflective ground cover gave small, consistent corn yield increases over that on uncovered ground for 16 and 24 thousand plants per acre. The average yield increases for the 3‐year period were 12% and 7%, respectively. A nonreflective black ground cover provided average yield increases of 5% or less. The plastic was more effective in increasing yields when it was installed early in the season.In recent years there has been considerable interest in the use of plastic ground covers for certain high profit horticultural crops. The data obtained in this experiment would suggest that consideration should be given to highly reflective plastic surfaces.
Effect of Imbalance of Boron Nutrition on the Peanut1
Authors: Harris Henry C. , Brolmann John B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe ‘Florigiant’ variety of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was grown 2 years in pot cultures on Lakeland fine sand, a soil deficient in boron, to determine the effects of imbalanced boron nutrition on peanuts. Variations in fertilization were: no treatment, complete fertilizer and lime treatment including the micronutrients, and the same as the latter except without boron. The containers were low‐boron and each held 60 pounds of soil. Reagent grade chemicals and distilled water, which was then passed through an ion exchange demineralizer, were used throughout the experiments. Flower counts, yields of shoots, roots and fruit and quality studies on the fruit were used to determine the effects of imbalanced boron nutrition. Without boron in the fertilizer, shoots were stubby, leaves frequently were mottled, dark areas appeared at the internodes of the branches, and stems sometimes cracked. Roots were also stubby and yields of fruit negligible. In contrast, plants with boron in the fertilizer were free of these abnormalities and produced many peanuts. With boron in the fertilizer, peak flower production came early in the flowering period, while without boron more flowers were produced but the distribution pattern was changed. With no treatment the plants were small, appeared normal, and yielded more peanuts of a better quality than plants with complete fertilization minus boron.
Correction for the Effect of Diatomaceous Earth on Moisture Content of Wheat as Determined by Capacitance Measurements
Authors: Johnson Robert M. , Kozak Adrian S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTreatment of wheat with a diatomaceous earth dust gives rise to erroneous moisture content values as measured by the Motomco moisture meter. The moisture content of wheat, as determined by the official oven method, is not significantly changed by treatment with diatomaceous earth. The apparent decrease in moisture content, as measured by the Motomco moisture meter, can be compensated for by increasing the sample size. The amounts of wheat to be added to the usual 250‐g sample have been determined for four classe of wheat as follows: for hard red spring, hard red winter, and soft red winter, 7.5 g; for white wheat, 5.5 g. By use of this simple method, moisture contents of diatomaceous earthtreated wheats can be determined accurately with the Motomco moisture meter. The moisture values for the 250‐g untreated samples and the larger corrected samples of treated wheat do not differ significantly.
Variation in Zinc Content of Grain from Inbred Lines of Corn1
Authors: Massey H. F. , Loeffel Frank A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Zn content of the kernels of 29 inbred corn lines was determined, using seed collected over a 3‐year period from the experimental nursery at Lexington. In order to ascertain if the variation observed between lines in a given year was greater than that which might occur between replicates of a given line, an experiment using five lines of varying Zn concentration and five replications was performed.Ky 211 had the highest Zn concentration in the kernel, 38.4 ppm. The next highest Zn concentration found was 26.3 ppm and the remainder of the 29 inbreds was rather evenly spread between this concentration and the lowest concentration found, 15.5 ppm. These differences were highly significant. The Zn concentration in the kernel was not closely related to the weight of the kernel or to the total weight of kernels per plant.
Corn Plant Maturity. I. Changes in Dry Matter and Protein Distribution in Corn Plants1
Authors: Johnson Ronald R. , McClure K. E. , Johnson L. J. , Klosterman E. W. , Triplett G. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCorn plants were harvested in six stages of maturity in 1962 and eight stages in 1964 to determine the distribution of dry matter and crude protein among the leaves, stalks, and ears. Changes in dry matter from July 20 to October 14 were 14 to 36% for stalks, 19 to 79% for leaves and 10 to 62% for ears. Highest total dry matter yield per acre appeared to be between the dent and glaze stages. No vegetative growth of the leaves and stalks occurred during visible ear growth and maturation. In both years, the ears constituted over 60% of the dry matter at maturity but did not reach this level until September 12, 1962 and October 6, 1964. The crude protein content of corn leaves declined rapidly throughout ear maturation while that of the stalks declined rapidly until 15 days post‐tasseling after which it declined only slightly.
Phosphorus Sources and Use in a Cropping Sequence on Silt Loam1
Authors: Lathwell D. J. , Musgrave R. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBoth the initial and residual effects, of concentrated superphosphate (CSP), calcium metaphosphate (CMP), and fused tricalcium phosphate (FTP) were measured with corn, oats, and alfalfa on the alkaline (pH 7.5) Lima silt loam in two cropping series. The P sources were applied at different times in the cropping sequence during the 10‐year period of each cropping series. All three materials proved to be equally satisfactory sources of P both measured by initial crop responses and by residual effects. Rather modest quantities of P were adequate to satisfy the P needs of crops grown on this highly P deficient soil. Based on crop yields, a wide latitude of place of use of P in the cropping sequence was apparent in this experiment as a significant residual effect was observed throughout the experiment. The only restriction on use was that some P applied at the time of making the forage seeding was highly beneficial to subsequent forage yields. Corn responded equally well to residual P as to freshly applied P.
Effects of Years and Locations on Stalk Strength in Corn (Zea mays L.)1
Authors: Zuber M. S. , Loesch P. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNegative correlations between crushing strength of mature corn stalks and field stalk lodging have been shown by several workers. The objective of the study reported here was to determine the relative effects of years and locations on stalk‐crushing strength, rind thickness, and weight of 2‐inch stalk sections. Twelve inbred lines representing a wide range in inherent stalk lodging performance were grown at two locations for a 3‐year period. Data for the three stalk traits indicated a good agreement between locations within years while crushing strength and rind thickness varied more between years. Variation in crushing strength was attributed in part to pith destruction by stalk rots which are more prevalent in some seasons than in others. It was concluded that stalk quality data obtained in a single year at a single location would usually be adequate to screen a group of strains for inherent stalk lodging resistance. For greater precision data for more than one year and one location would be necessary. Crushing strength was affected more by different environments than the other two traits. The coefficients of variation for crushing strength ranged from 11.7 to 18.8%; rind thickness from 5.2 to 8.5% and weight of 2‐inch section from 8.7 to 13.0%.
Effects of Blade Removal and Nitrogen Level on Growth and Nitrate Content of Shoots of Reed Canarygrass1
Authors: Mittra M. K. , Wright M. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe work reported here considered effect of blade‐by‐blade defoliation and different levels of N nutrition on dry matter yield of individual shoots of canarygrass, accumulation of carbohydrate reserves in the underground organs, and nitrate content. Seven defoliation treatments were included at each level of nitrogen. These were: control, no blades removed (7‐8 blades); T‐3, To4, and T‐5 with 3, 4, or 5 top blades maintained, and B‐3, B‐4, and B‐5, with 3, 4, or 5 basal blades maintained. Nitrogen levels used were: 0, 10, or 30 ppm in sand culture experiments; and 0, 10, 25, 50, or 75 pounds per acre in experiments where soil medium was used. Top blades were more effective in supporting growth than were basal blades, confirming results of previous experiments. The nitrogen levels appeared to modify both the dry matter yields and the amount of recovery growth produced in the dark from the underground organs, when plants were grown in sand culture, and nitrate concentration decreased with an increase in the number of blades retained per shoot, the highest accumulation occurring when the smallest number of basal blades were maintained. There was an inverse relationship between total available carbohydrates and the concentration of nitrate in the aerial shoots.
Effect of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Concentration on the Germination of Range Grasses1
Authors: Dasberg S. , Enoch H. , Hillel D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFour range grass species—Oryzopsis holciformis, Phalaris tuberosa, Agropyrum desertorum (Nordan and Fairway), and Agropyrum elongatum—as compared to wheat were germinated in atmospheres containing different concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The grasses, in the absence of CO2, showed significant decreases in the time rate of germination and in the final germination percentage over the whole range of oxygen concentrations tested; whereas wheat showed only a slight delay in germination with decreasing oxygen concentrations.The initial (imbibitional) water uptake of all plants was not affected by oxygen concentrations, while the CO2 production (respiration) decreased at low O2 concentrations at this stage. Subsequently, the seed water uptake was parallel to the germination response.The effect of CO2 (O — 15%) on germination was slight as compared to the oxygen effect.