bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with failure to successfully complete a procedure during emergency department sedation
Authors: Holdgate Anna , Taylor David McD , Bell Anthony , MacBean Catherine , Huynh Truc , Thom Ogilvie , Augello Michael , Millar Robert , Day Robert , Williams Aled , Ritchie Peter , Pasco John 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective: To determine factors associated with failure to successfully complete a procedure during sedation in the ED.Methods: Eleven Australian EDs enrolled consecutive adult and paediatric patients between January 2006 and December 2008. Patients were included if a sedative drug was administered for an ED procedure and the success or failure of the procedure was recorded.Results: Data were available for 2567 patients. Of these, 1548 (60.3%, 95% CI 58.4–62.2) were male and 456 (17.8%, 95% CI 16.3–19.3) were age <16 years. The most common procedures performed were reduction of major joints and laceration repair. A total of 149 procedures (5.8%, 95% CI 5.0–6.8) failed. There were significant differences in failure rates between the types of procedure undertaken, with reduction of hips, digits and mandibles associated with the highest failure rates (P < 0.001). In adults, body weight >100 kg was also associated with increased risk of procedural failure (odds ratio 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–4.1). Ketamine used as a single agent had the lowest procedural failure rate (2.5%, 95% CI 1.1–5.4) whereas propofol had the highest (5.9%, 95% CI 4.6–7.6). However, these two drugs were generally used in different age groups and for different procedures.Conclusions: Procedures performed under sedation in the ED have a low failure rate. However, increased body weight and specific procedures, such as hip reduction, are associated with significantly higher failure rates. Special consideration should be given to these patient groups before undertaking sedation in the ED.
Moderate Alcohol Intake, Genital Vascularization, and Sexuality in Young, Healthy, Eumenorrheic Women. A Pilot Study
Authors: Battaglia Cesare , Battaglia Bruno , Mancini Fulvia , Nappi Rossella E. , Paradisi Roberto , Venturoli Stefano 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The relationship between alcohol and sexual function is complex and not completely understood.

Aim
To evaluate (in the early follicular phase and independently from sexual stimulation) in young, eumenorrheic, healthy, lean women the genital vascular effects of the light and moderate use of alcohol.

Methods
Eighty-four women undertook, in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (days 3–5), the administration of the two-factor Italian McCoy Female Sexuality (MFSQ) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaires; ultrasonographic measurement of the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT); and color Doppler evaluation of the carotid, clitoral, and labia minora arteries. Hormonal (estradiol, androstenedione, and testosterone) and biochemical (lipids, glucose, and insulin) parameters were tested.

Main Outcome Measures
The MFSQ and BDI questionnaires; the carotid IMT; the Pulsatility Index of internal carotid, clitoral, and labia minora arteries; blood pressure measurement; and hormonal and biochemical assays.

Results
The subjects were divided in: nondrinkers (group I); current (&gt;1 year) light drinkers—1–10 drinks/month (group II); and current moderate drinkers—11–20 drinks/month (group III). The majority of the studied parameters did not vary among the different groups. The mean BDI was normal in the studied women. However, the lowest values were observed in the moderate drinkers group. The MFSQ did not show any difference among all the studied women. However, the number of intercourses/week and the incidence of vaginal orgasm were significantly higher in group III (moderate drinkers). The relationship between the drinking habits and different parameters showed an inverse relationship with the BDI. Furthermore, the BDI inversely correlated with orgasm frequency and with orgasm intensity.

Conclusions
Chronic slight/moderate alcohol consumption has no effects on genital vessels and vaginal lubrication. However, a moderate consumption of alcohol, through psychological and social disinhibiting effects, may favor sexual activities.
No (Wo)Man Is an Island—The Influence of Physicians' Personal Predisposition to Labia Minora Appearance on Their Clinical Decision Making: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Reitsma Welmoed , Mourits Marian J.E. , Koning Merel , Pascal Astrid , van der Lei Berend 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Physicians are increasingly presented with women requesting a labia minora reduction procedure.

Aim
To assess the influencing factor of personal predisposition in general practitioners, gynecologists, and plastic surgeons to labia minora appearance in relation to their willingness to refer for, or perform, a surgical labia minora reduction.

Methods
Cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire survey. Between May 2009 and August 2009, 210 physicians were surveyed. Primary care: general practitioners working in the north of the Netherlands. Secondary care: gynecologists and plastic surgeons working in five hospitals in the north of the Netherlands.

Main Outcome Measures
A five-point Likert scale appraisal of four pictures showing a vulva, each displaying different sizes of labia minora, indicating a physician's personal predisposition, manifesting as willingness to refer for, or perform, a labia minora reduction.

Results
A total of 164/210 (78.1%) physicians completed the questionnaire, consisting of 80 general practitioners, 41 gynecologists, and 43 plastic surgeons (96 males, 68 females). Ninety percent of all physicians believe, to a certain extent, that a vulva with very small labia minora represents society's ideal (2–5 on the Likert scale). More plastic surgeons regarded the picture with the largest labia minora as distasteful and unnatural, compared with general practitioners and gynecologists (P &lt; 0.01), and regarded such a woman as a candidate for a labia minora reduction procedure (P &lt; 0.001). Irrespective of the woman's labia minora size and the absence of physical complaints, plastic surgeons were significantly more open to performing a labia minora reduction procedure than gynecologists (P &lt; 0.001). Male physicians were more inclined to opt for a surgical reduction procedure than their female colleagues (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
The personal predisposition of physicians (taking account of their specific gender and specialty) concerning labia minora size and appearance influences their clinical decision making regarding a labia minora reduction procedure. Heightened awareness of one's personal predisposition vis-à-vis referral and willingness to operate is needed.
Access to assisted reproductive technology for cancer patients in Australia
Authors: MCCONNELL Ryan , STANKIEWICZ Marcin , KOCZWARA Bogda 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim:  To evaluate patterns of care and equity of access to assisted reproductive technology (ART) for cancer patients in AustraliaMethods:  A review of state and national legislation and Medicare numbers relevant to ART and phone interviews with representative fertility facilities in each State and Territory.Results:  There appears to be little legal restriction to ART for cancer patients although in some states, clinical practice is in fact contrary to legislation. The cost of ART is influenced by Medicare rebates and the overall cost of fertility treatments as set out by the specific fertility unit. There is no rebate for embryo and sperm storage. Costs of receiving an ART intervention vary greatly. Out‐of‐pocket costs ranged from nil to approximately $3000 per year for an in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle, from nil to $700 for embryo storage and from nil to $1500 for embryo transfer. All but two of the fertility clinics felt that the numbers of oncology patients accessing ART were low. The most common barrier to access identified by the fertility clinics interviewed was time restriction in a setting where there is a time pressure for a patient to commence anti‐cancer treatment.Conclusion:  Legislation is unlikely to be a barrier to the use of ART by cancer patients. The main reasons for limited access to ART may be cost or other factors including time pressure, the lack of a partner and age. Further research in this area is warranted.
Knowledge of Pap smear, HPV and the HPV vaccine and the acceptability of the HPV vaccine by Thai women
Authors: CHARAKORN Chuenkamon , RATTANASIRI Sasivimol , LERTKHACHONSUK Arb‐aroon , THANAPPRAPASR Duangmani , CHITTITHAWORN Suwicha , WILAILAK Sarikapan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAims:  The primary prevention for cervical cancer, a human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine, has been available in Thailand for almost 3 years. The present study evaluates knowledge about the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, HPV and the HPV vaccine and focuses on identifying predictors for the acceptability of the HPV vaccine.Methods:  A sample of 764 women attending the gynecology clinic at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, was asked to answer a questionnaire on their personal background, their knowledge of the Pap smear and HPV and the HPV vaccine and the acceptability of the HPV vaccine for themselves and their daughters.Results:  Knowledge of the Pap smear (96%) is higher than that of HPV (41%) and the HPV vaccine (36%). Only 40% of participants had previously heard about HPV. The acceptability of the HPV vaccine for participants and their daughters was high, 77% and 84%, respectively. Knowing about HPV increases acceptance for the HPV vaccine (adjusted OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2–2.5, in the participants and OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.5–3.6 in their daughters). Participants younger than 45 years old (OR = 2.3 and 95% CI = 1.6–3.4 for themselves; OR = 2.2 and 95% CI = 1.4–3.3 for their daughters) were more likely to accept the vaccination than those aged 45 years old and above.Conclusion:  Knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine is generally poor in Thai women. However, the acceptability of the HPV vaccine is good. Knowing about HPV and age under 45 years predict the acceptability of the HPV vaccine.
The impact of cytology screening and HPV vaccination on the burden of cervical cancer
Authors: TAY Kaijun , TAY Sun K 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the impact of different strategies of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on the burden of cervical cancer in Singapore.Methods:  The incidence of cervical cancer was calculated using a Markov model with inputs based on Singapore data for the prevalence of HPV infection, socioeconomic characteristics and screening prevalence. The evaluation was performed for 10 scenarios: no screening, current opportunistic cytology screening, ideal optimal screening, universal adolescent HPV vaccination at 12‐years old alone and with catch‐up cohorts and combinations of screening and vaccination.Results:  (1) The model prediction showed that cervical cancer cases were reduced by 6.5% using opportunistic screening, by 34.3% using optimized screening and by 63.9% with a universal HPV vaccination at 12 years of age. (2) Adding optimized screening, but not opportunistic screening, to a universal adolescent HPV vaccination program caused a moderate further reduction in cervical cancer cases. (3) No difference was discernable in the impact of vaccination introduction between the age groups <20, 20–24 and 25–29 years old. (4) The time required to halve the incidence of cervical cancer was 42 years for universal vaccination at the age of 12 but could be shortened by including catch‐up cohorts of women up to 40‐years old.Conclusion:  A universal HPV vaccination program introduced between the ages of 12–29 is superior to cytology screening in reducing the burden of cervical cancer. However, in the next four decades of post‐vaccination era, optimizing the screening program remains the most important measure for cervical cancer prevention.
Comparative effectiveness of bevacizumab plus cisplatin‐based chemotherapy versus pemetrexed plus cisplatin treatment in East Asian non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer patients applying real‐life outcomes
Authors: CHANG Gee‐Chen , AHN Myung‐Ju , WRIGHT Elaine , KIM Heung Tae , KIM Joo‐Hang , KANG Jin Hyoung , KIM Sang‐We , SHERMAN Steven , WALZER Stefan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim:  To indirectly compare real‐life clinical effectiveness of bevacizumab + cisplatin‐based therapy from the Safety of Avastin in Lung (SAiL) phase IV clinical trial with published evidence from the phase III clinical trial for pemetrexed + cisplatin among East Asian patients with non‐squamous metastatic or recurrent non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:  Survival outcomes were compared between subgroups of East Asian patients receiving treatments of either bevacizumab + cisplatin‐based chemotherapy or pemetrexed + cisplatin using a matching‐adjusted indirect comparison approach. Patient‐level data were used to derive a new group with similar characteristics compared to those reported in a phase III clinical trial evaluating pemetrexed + cisplatin therapy. Exclusions to the SAiL data included those with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 2, those with mixed cell histology, non‐East Asians and those who did not receive cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. In total 1000 samples of the pre‐matched analysis set of the SAiL data were selected that resulted in equal distributions of the ECOG PS and gender matching variables selected and evaluated for a progression‐free survival (PFS) outcome.Results:  Median PFS was longer for patients treated with bevacizumab‐based therapy (7.4 months; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.7–8.2) versus pemetrexed + cisplatin (6.4 months; 95% CI N/A) among non‐squamous East Asian NSCLC patients.Conclusion:  The results suggest that East Asian non‐squamous NSCLC patients treated with bevacizumab‐based therapy have a trend toward improved PFS outcomes compared to those treated with pemetrexed + cisplatin, even after adjusting for differences between the two trial groups.
Sensory Characteristics and Consumer Acceptability of Red Ginseng Extracts Produced with Different Processing Methods
Authors: Yoon E.K. , Hong J.H. , Lê S. , Kim K.O. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:  The aims of this study were: to develop objective and effective sample preparation and presentation procedures for the sensory analysis of red ginseng extracts (RGE); to identify their sensory attributes in relation with the consumer acceptability of RGEs produced with different processing techniques. The samples included 7 different types of RGE, among which 2 samples were of commercial products and the other samples were specially prepared for the study. The samples differed in processing methods (traditional method, high‐hydrostatic pressure [HHP], and fermentation) and extraction solvents (ethanol, water). For the descriptive analysis, 7 trained panelists developed and evaluated 30 attributes. Principal component analysis was conducted to summarize the relationships between the sensory attributes and to get a representation of the samples according to those attributes. Consumers evaluated the appearance and flavor acceptability of the extracts. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted on consumer acceptability of flavor. The results showed that the clear differences among the RGEs in terms of sensory perceptions were explained by the processing methods. Consumers were segmented into 3 distinct groups in terms of preference: a consumer cluster that likes the RGEs produced with HHP or fermentation, a cluster that likes a product with strong ginseng flavor, and a cluster that likes a RGE with sweet taste and jujube flavor. These 3 clusters differed somewhat in their consumption frequency and purchase factors, also.Practical Application:  The red ginseng extract (RGE) market is rapidly growing due to the consumer awareness of its superior health‐promoting effects. However, little attention has been given to sensory properties that are a critical factor in determining quality and consumer preference. The results of this study will be helpful for researchers and manufacturers to understand the sensory characteristics of RGEs and to detect the driving factors of consumer acceptability. Also, the sample preparation and presentation procedures developed in this experiment will be used effectively in academia and industries to examine sensory characteristics of RGE products.
Effect of the Use of a Commercial Phosphate Mixture on Selected Quality Characteristics of 2 Spanish‐Style Dry‐Ripened Sausages
Authors: Fonseca Beatriz , Kuri Victor , Zumalacárregui José M. , Fernández‐Diez Ana , Salvá Bettit K. , Caro Irma , Osorio M. Teresa , Mateo Javier 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the addition of a commercial phosphate mixture in 2 dry‐ripened Spanish‐style sausages: “salchichón” and “chorizo.” Three batches of each of those sausages were prepared with low and high levels of phosphates, and selected quality variables (moisture, pH, aw, lactic and acetic acid, α‐amino nitrogen, total free fatty acids, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, microbial counts, color, and texture analysis) were compared against controls. Furthermore, phosphate‐added and control sausages were ranked by consumers in order of preference. In “salchichón,” phosphate addition resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in drying rate, and tendencies (not significant) toward a decrease in lipid oxidation and an increase in hardness and chewiness. In “chorizo,” the addition of phosphates resulted in higher hardness, elasticity and chewiness, and lower yellowness (P < 0.05). In the manufacture process of dry‐ripened sausages, phosphates can be considered as additives with potential enhancement effect in drying and eating quality.Practical Application:  The main outcome from the present study is to find evidence on which points of reference could be drawn for the technological application of phosphates in dry‐ripened sausages. It has been observed that the drying rate and several eating quality characteristics can be enhanced with the use of phosphates.
Circulating interleukin‐27 levels in Helicobacter pylori‐infected patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers, independent of the bacterial cytotoxin‐associated gene A virulence factor
Authors: JAFARZADEH Abdollah , NEMATI Maryam , REZAYATI Mohammad‐Taghi 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE:  The aim was to evaluate the interleukin (IL)‐27 levels in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)‐infected patients with gastric ulcer (GU) or duodenal ulcer (DU) and to determine its association with H. pylori virulence factor cytotoxin‐associated gene A (CagA).METHODS:  In all, 127 H. pylori infected patients (including 96 DU patients, of whom 61 were anti‐CagA+ and 35 were anti‐CagA‐) and 31 GU patients (of whom 15 were anti‐CagA+ and 16 were anti‐CagA‐), 60 asymptomatic (AS) carriers (of whom 30 were anti‐CagA+ and 30 were anti‐CagA‐) and 30 healthy H. pylori‐negative participants (as a control) were enrolled in the study. Serum concentrations of IL‐27 were measured by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method.RESULTS:  The mean levels of IL‐27 in the GU (44.26 ± 7.12 pg/mL) and DU patients (40.84 ± 3.90 pg/mL) was significantly higher than those observed in the AS carriers (22.06 ± 1.90 pg/mL, P < 0.001) and the control group (18.12 ± 1.68 pg/mL, P < 0.001 and P < 0.002, respectively). In the GU, DU and AS groups the levels of IL‐27 in anti‐CagA+ participants were not significantly differ from that in the anti‐CagA‐ participants.CONCLUSIONS:  These results showed that the mean concentration of IL‐27 in H. pylori‐infected peptic ulcer (PU) patients was higher than in AS carriers and the healthy control group. The serum concentrations of IL‐27 were not affected by the CagA factor.
Dental treatment needs in Dutch nursing homes offering integrated dental care
Authors: Gerritsen Paul F. M. , Cune Marco S. , van der Bilt Andries , de Putter Cornelis 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the dental treatment needs of the residents in nursing homes (NHs) where integrated dental care has been offered without financial barriers.The dental status and surgical, prosthetic, restorative, and periodontal treatment needs were determined for 432 residents (average age 78.8 years) in three Dutch NHs. Although the subjects had no complaints, 72% had dental treatment needs. It was determined that treatment was necessary for 64% of the edentulous subjects (N = 316), 100% of the partially dentate subjects (N = 76), and 87% of the fully dentate subjects (N = 40).We concluded that when residents can no longer carry out oral hygiene independently, it is very difficult for them to maintain a level of oral health where their dental treatment needs have been met, especially for dentate residents.
Management of the oral manifestations of senile purpura in an edentulous patient: a case report
Authors: da Rosa Rosena Santos , Garcia Renata C. M. R. , Cury Altair A. D. B. , Faot Fernanda 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTSenile purpura occurs because of a weakness of the vascular supporting tissues mainly caused by aging and is most often seen on the dorsal surface of the hands and the extensor surfaces of the forearms, and has also been observed in the oral mucosa of elderly patients. These red lesions present as sharply margined subcutaneous hemorrhagic spots and are due to trauma, such as damage to the endothelium of small blood vessels, or a coagulation defect. They can also be due to reduced perivascular support, or capillary fragility and permeability, or a combination of all of these factors. Oral manifestation of senile purpura can also be induced by long periods of medication use leading to fragile areas of the mucosa. The presence of senile purpura requires continuous follow‐up since drug‐induced purpura may cause plaque function alterations. An accurate diagnosis in elderly complete denture wearers can minimize bleeding and prevent possible development of ulcerations under the dentures, especially during the adaptation period to the prosthesis. This case report, presents the care and 3‐year follow‐up of a 66‐year‐old woman with complete dentures who presented with the oral manifestations of senile purpura caused by the continued use of several medications.
Oral care and sensory sensitivities in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Stein Leah I. , Polido José C. , Mailloux Zoe , Coleman Gina G. , Cermak Sharon A. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTChildren with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at high risk for oral disease. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of sensory processing problems to challenges in receiving oral care for children with ASD.A questionnaire was sent to the parents of 206 children with disabilities to test the hypotheses that children with ASD, relative to children with other disabilities, experience greater difficulty with home‐based and professional oral care, and that these difficulties may relate in part to sensory processing problems. The results partially supported these hypotheses. Compared to children with other disabilities, those with ASD had greater behavioral difficulties and sensory sensitivities that parents believed interfered with their child’s oral care. Among children with ASD, sensory sensitivities were associated with oral care difficulties in the home and dental office, and with behavioral difficulties in the dental office. Utilizing strategies to modify the sensory environment may help facilitate oral care in children with ASD.