bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rubisco Activase Deficiency on the Temperature Response of CO2 Assimilation Rate and Rubisco Activation State: Insights from Transgenic Tobacco with Reduced Amounts of Rubisco Activase
Authors: Yamori Wataru , von Caemmerer Susanne 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The activation of Rubisco in vivo requires the presence of the regulatory protein Rubisco activase. To elucidate its role in maintaining CO2 assimilation rate at high temperature, we examined the temperature response of CO2 assimilation rate at 380 μL L−1 CO2 concentration (A 380) and Rubisco activation state in wild-type and transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) with reduced Rubisco activase content grown at either 20°C or 30°C. Analyses of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence showed that in the wild type, A 380 was limited by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration at lower temperatures, whereas at higher temperatures, A 380 was limited by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylation irrespective of growth temperatures. Growth temperature induced modest differences in Rubisco activation state that declined with measuring temperature, from mean values of 76% at 15°C to 63% at 40°C in wild-type plants. At measuring temperatures of 25°C and below, an 80% reduction in Rubisco activase content was required before Rubisco activation state was decreased. Above 35°C, Rubisco activation state decreased slightly with more modest decreases in Rubisco activase content, but the extent of the reductions in Rubisco activation state were small, such that a 55% reduction in Rubisco activase content did not alter the temperature sensitivity of Rubisco activation and had no effect on in vivo catalytic turnover rates of Rubisco. There was a strong correlation between Rubisco activase content and Rubisco activation state once Rubisco activase content was less that 20% of wild type at all measuring temperatures. We conclude that reduction in Rubisco activase content does not lead to an increase in the temperature sensitivity of Rubisco activation state in tobacco.
Functional Analyses of LONELY GUY Cytokinin-Activating Enzymes Reveal the Importance of the Direct Activation Pathway in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kuroha Takeshi , Tokunaga Hiroki , Kojima Mikiko , Ueda Nanae , Ishida Takashi , Nagawa Shingo , Fukuda Hiroo , Sugimoto Keiko , Sakakibara Hitoshi 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Cytokinins play crucial roles in diverse aspects of plant growth and development. Spatiotemporal distribution of bioactive cytokinins is finely regulated by metabolic enzymes. LONELY GUY (LOG) was previously identified as a cytokinin-activating enzyme that works in the direct activation pathway in rice (Oryza sativa) shoot meristems. In this work, nine Arabidopsis thaliana LOG genes (At LOG1 to LOG9) were predicted as homologs of rice LOG. Seven At LOGs, which are localized in the cytosol and nuclei, had enzymatic activities equivalent to that of rice LOG. Conditional overexpression of At LOGs in transgenic Arabidopsis reduced the content of N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine (iP) riboside 5′-phosphates and increased the levels of iP and the glucosides. Multiple mutants of At LOGs showed a lower sensitivity to iP riboside in terms of lateral root formation and altered root and shoot morphology. Analyses of At LOG promoter:β-glucuronidase fusion genes revealed differential expression of LOGs in various tissues during plant development. Ectopic overexpression showed pleiotropic phenotypes, such as promotion of cell division in embryos and leaf vascular tissues, reduced apical dominance, and a delay of leaf senescence. Our results strongly suggest that the direct activation pathway via LOGs plays a pivotal role in regulating cytokinin activity during normal growth and development in Arabidopsis.
YABBYs and the Transcriptional Corepressors LEUNIG and LEUNIG_HOMOLOG Maintain Leaf Polarity and Meristem Activity inArabidopsis
Authors: Stahle Melissa I. , Kuehlich Janine , Staron Lindsay , von Arnim Albrecht G. , Golz John F. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn Arabidopsis thaliana, FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (FIL) and YABBY3 (YAB3) encode YABBY domain proteins that regulate abaxial patterning, growth of lateral organs, and inflorescence phyllotaxy. In this study, we show that YABs physically interact with components of a transcriptional repressor complex that include LEUNIG (LUG), LEUNIG_HOMOLOG (LUH), the LUG-associated coregulator SEUSS, and related SEUSS-LIKE proteins. Consistent with the formation of a LUG-YAB complex, we find that lug mutants enhance the polarity and growth defects of fil yab3 mutant leaves and that this enhancement is due to a loss of LUG activity from the abaxial domain. We performed a more extensive genetic analysis, which included the characterization of yab triple and quadruple mutants, lug luh/+ (heterozygous only for luh) mutants, and plants expressing artificial microRNAs targeting LUG or LUH. These analyses showed that the LUG-YAB complex also promotes adaxial cell identity in leaves as well as embryonic shoot apical meristem (SAM) initiation and postembryonic SAM maintenance. Based on the likely formation of the LUG-YAB complex in the abaxial domain of cotyledons and leaves, we propose that this complex has numerous non-cell-autonomous functions during plant development.
Autonomous navigation and guidance scheme for precise and safe planetary landing
Authors: Shuang Li , Liu Zhang 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the autonomous navigation and guidance scheme for future precise and safe planetary landing.Design/methodology/approachAutonomous navigation and guidance schemes are proposed based on inertial measurement unit (IMU) and optical navigation sensors for precise and safe landing of spacecrafts on the moon and planetary bodies. First, vision‐aided inertial navigation scheme is suggested to achieve precise relative navigation; second, two autonomous obstacle detection algorithms, based on grey image from optical navigation camera and digital elevation map form light detection and ranging sensor, respectively, are proposed; and third, flowchart of automatic obstacle avoidance maneuver is also given out.FindingsThis paper finds that the performance of the proposed scheme precedes the traditional planetary landing navigation and guidance mode based on IMU and deep space network.Research limitations/implicationsThe presented schemes need to be further validated by the mathematical simulations and hardware‐in‐loop simulations, and then they can be used in the real flight missions.Practical implicationsThe presented schemes are applicable to both future planetary pin‐point landing missions and sample return missions with little modification.Originality/valueThis paper presents the new autonomous navigation and guidance scheme in order to achieve the precise and safe planetary landing.
Local structural nonlinearities identification based on the minimum error linear frequency response function
Authors: Kashani Hamed , Nobari A.S. 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the dynamic characteristics identification of local structural nonlinearities.Design/methodology/approachProposed identification method is based on minimum error linear frequency response function (MELF). Two different techniques are developed to extract nonlinear element's dynamic behavior from MELF. The first method, in which no pre‐assumed model is considered for the nonlinearity mechanism behavior, is called “direct identification method.” The second method is “model based identification method.”FindingsCubic stiffness dynamic characteristics are identified using the proposed techniques as a case study.Originality/valueThe paper shows that the proposed identification technique is simple and free of any sophisticated measurement hardwares and constraints, which is required by most of the methods proposed so far.
Research of an improved BP decoding arithmetic
Authors: Wu Guo‐Qiang , Sun Zhao‐Wei , Wu Xian‐De 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to research the traditional belief‐propagation (BP) decoding algorithm of low‐density parity‐check code. The big computation load is a shortcoming of traditional BP decoding algorithm. Accordingly, the paper provides an improved BP decoding algorithm which raises the decoding efficiency and reduces decoding time delay.Design/methodology/approachAn improved BP decoding algorithm is studied and the error correction performance of the improved BP decoding algorithm in the Gaussian channel is provided.FindingsThe simulation result shows the improved BP decoding algorithm has lower computational complexity and higher decoding speed based on the premise of a little decoding performance loss.Research limitations/implicationsThe improved BP decoding algorithm has lower computational complexity and higher decoding speed based on the premise of a little decoding performance loss.Practical implicationsThe improved BP decoding algorithm raises the decoding efficiency and reduces decoding time delay.Originality/valueThe decoding algorithm only needs to update the wrong bit information which might arise, but not update the bit information whose reliability is very high. The improved BP decoding algorithm raises the decoding efficiency and reduces decoding time delay.
Vibrations of an infinite plate placed in a circular channel containing fluid flow
Authors: Uzal Erol , Kapkin Sule 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the linear vibrations of an elastic plate subject to irrotational, incompressible fluid flow bounded by a rigid cylinder.Design/methodology/approachThe plate is placed diametrically in the cylinder and extends along it, both infinite in length. The fluid flow is in the axial direction of the cylinder.FindingsThe problem is solved analytically and the eigenfrequencies are obtained explicitly.Originality/valueThe solution offered in this paper allows investigation of the instabilities and computation of the flutter velocity/minimum flow velocity at which the plate vibrations grow in time.
Linearization‐based attitude error regulation: multiplicative error case
Authors: Ozgur Doruk R. 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to design and simulate a linearized attitude stabilizer based on linear quadratic regulator theory (LQR) using the multiplicative definition of the attitude.Design/methodology/approachThe attitude is modeled by the modified Rodriguez parameters that provide a minimal representation of attitude and always invertible kinematics. The nonlinear model of the satellite attitude dynamics is linearized around the origin and an LQR is proposed for the linearized design. They are also simulated using the original nonlinear satellite dynamics in order to verify that the controller is operating properly. Simulations include randomly selected initial conditions to justify the stability against various initial conditions.FindingsTheoretically, the resultant controllers are locally stable around the origin. However, the simulation results show that the attitude is well regulated in the presence of both inertia uncertainties and random initial conditions.Originality/valueThe originality of this work is due to its demonstration that complicated attitude regulators are not the solution for proper satellite or spacecraft attitude stabilization.
Management and leadership: a competency framework to deliver the National Trust's strategy
Authors: Measures Martin , Bagshaw Mike 
Published: October 2009

PurposePeople need certain skills and behaviours to be effective at work, but if these are not defined, they can become lost in vague generalisations. Competency frameworks set out what is required, and act as a template to check performance. As times change, the competencies required may also change, and in 2007 the National Trust decided it was time for a thorough overhaul. This paper aims to focus on this development.Design/methodology/approachThe process started with a survey, focus groups, and interviews with senior managers across the Trust. The authors then researched what was happening in other organisations, to find the problems and the successes, in order to design the best and most appropriate new competency framework.FindingsIt was found that there was a tension between immediate needs and building for the future, and a need for more collaboration between functions.Research limitations/implicationsCompetency frameworks can be criticised as backward looking, concentrating on skills and behaviours that were needed in the past but not in the future.Originality/valueThe paper shows that the new National Trust framework addressed the issues involved, and became a dynamic process rather than a static template.
Are you a trusted leader?
Authors: Deutsch Lynette 
Published: October 2009

PurposeHaving worked internationally with senior executives within organisations seeking to restore lost trust, Endaba commissioned independent research specialists, OnePoll, to undertake a study amongst UK employees to establish trust levels within UK plc. This paper aims to outline the key findings.Design/methodology/approachThe research took place over a two‐month period. Responses were received from 5,114 employees working for organisations employing in excess of 500 people across 22 different industry sectors. These ranged from aerospace, manufacturing and fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) to government/government agencies and utilities. As well as seeking to determine what employees perceive as the most important characteristics present in trustworthy individuals, the study also evaluated employee levels of trust in their CEOs, senior management and colleagues – and in themselves.FindingsThe full results were formally released at the Endaba Trust Conference, which took place at the Royal Society of Arts on Wednesday, 28 January 2009. In brief, sustained success requires an inside/out process, based on trust and starting with leaders themselves.Originality/valueHR professionals will be able to use the findings outlined in the paper to benchmark trust levels within their own organisations and discover the main reasons why employees do not trust senior executives.
Evolving role of business process reengineering: a perspective of employers
Authors: Jain Rashmi , Gunasekaran Angappa , Chandrasekaran Anithashree 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze and illustrate the needs and expectations of the industry from a newly hired engineering candidate for an entry‐level position involving business process reengineering (BPR). The paper aims to highlight the changing role and the new emerging face of business process design, analysis, and management, its relevant contents and methodologies, its new role, and emergence of a value of BPR, which has been redefined.Design/methodology/approachThe growing interest and the importance of the role of business processes in organizations have promoted the development and implementation of an undergraduate level course on BPR at Stevens Institute in 2006. This research involved a survey of some potential employers during a recent redesigning of this course. The survey collected information from the employers on how important and relevant are the topics on BPR that are covered in the course for an entry‐level BPR related position.FindingsThe findings indicate a strong support from the employers for BPR curriculum. Of the 19 BPR topics on which information was collected from the employers, 63 percent were rated as “extremely important” and “very important”. The two highest rated areas of BPR were ability to research and collect process related data (3.8), and ability to use graphical methods to map the current or reengineered processes (3.5).Research limitations/implicationsOne of the limitations of this research is the size and representation of the data collected. A more broader sample would extend this work into a framework for BPR skill set and knowledge at various levels of experience.Practical implicationsThe implications of this research are to both the academic community and potential employers. This paper provides useful knowledge on what skill sets are relevant for an entry level BPR professional in an economy, which is predominantly going to be dependent on efficiencies from business processes.Originality/valueThe paper provides value to those seeking entry‐level positions in terms of the knowledge and skill sets required to fulfill such a role effectively. The paper also provides guidance to faculty on areas needed to focus on in a BPR curriculum content and pedagogy and prepare students for practical situations. With the increasing role of service orientation in managing information systems – the importance of business process definitions and their reengineering cannot be undermined.
What do business school deans do? Insights from a UK study
Authors: Davies Julie , Thomas Howard 
Published: October 2009

PurposeDuring the last 40 years, the growth and impact of UK business schools have been significant. Relatively few studies have reviewed how business school deans emerge and grow. This paper aims to explore the experiences and psychometric profiles of UK business school leaders to understand their tenures, problems, dilemmas and succession issues.Design/methodology/approachThe study comprised 16 semi‐structured interviews with business school deans and Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) questionnaires completed by deans and aspiring deans (associate deans and heads of department). The study uses the executive life cycle and concepts of social capital as theoretical frameworks to understand the dean's role.FindingsThe study revealed a pattern of individuals working in their first deanship at their third business school. Their career trajectories highlighted the usefulness of consultancy skills similar to those of a partner in a professional service firm. The importance of the dean's role in terms of business school fit, creating a differentiation strategy and team building were emphasised. The psychometric preferences of the deans in the sample indicated Jungian extroversion, tough mindedness, seeing patterns and making connections, strategic thinking and a tendency to bring issues to closure. Recommendations are made for the development of a more heterogeneous, transnational cadre of business school deans and improved dialogue with heads of universities to understand the positive contribution of business school leaders as changing business models are needed in turbulent times.Originality/valueThere are few explanations of the roles and functioning of business school deans in practice. The insights gained are valuable for business school deans and are, more broadly, of interest to heads of universities and executive search firms. The paper is theoretically and practically relevant to building leadership capabilities in knowledge intensive organisations and professional service firms.
Mapping globally branded business schools: a strategic positioning analysis
Authors: Thomas Howard , Li Xiaoying 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the strategic profiles and differences across globally leading business schools.Design/methodology/approachThis paper used the concepts of strategic group identity and domain consensus to examine the differences across the business schools. Cluster analysis is applied to identify strategic groups among 82 global schools from the USA, Canada, Europe, Asia and Australia.FindingsTen strategic groups – essentially similar strategic “clusters” – are identified by the clustering analysis. The results demonstrate that the groups do have different resource and reputation profiles.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research can improve the research base by collecting data on financial variables such as endowments, providing metrics by which a school's efficiency can be assessed, or collecting longitudinal data. Furthermore, a form of cognitive strategic mapping could be achieved through survey and interview mechanisms in order to highlight the perspectives of deans and senior managers of business schools.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the literature in two aspects. First, this research provides a clear mapping of the strategic “bands” across globally branded business schools. The results are highly timely in today's debate about the nature and future of business schools. Second, this research demonstrates that strategic group theory can be applied in the business school context.
Journal rankings and the ABS Journal Quality Guide
Authors: Morris Huw , Harvey Charles , Kelly Aidan 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an outline of the arguments for and against different types of journal ranking lists, and, against this background, an account of the development of the Association of Business Schools' (ABS) Journal Quality Guide.Design/methodology/approachThe paper identifies recent trends in academic journal publication that have increased the need for mechanisms to assess the overall quality of academic journals. Six approaches to ranking are outlined and evaluated including the hybrid approach adopted in producing the ABS Journal Quality Guide.FindingsThe ABS Journal Quality Guide provides wide journal coverage; has high levels of internal and external reliability; is sensitive to small variations in the ratings of journals, and is generally accepted as a fair means of ranking journals within its user community.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper focuses on developments in the UK, and while the findings of this study may be of interest to researchers in other countries, the implications for policy and practice will be felt most keenly in British business schools.Originality/valueThis paper describes a hybrid, iterative and consensual approach to developing and validating a journal quality guide that is likely to be of value to researchers, academic managers, subject librarians and research auditors.
Rate my research dot com: measuring what we value, and valuing what we measure
Authors: Peters John , Marsh Rebecca 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to question the dominance of citation metrics in the evaluation of the impact of research and prompt debate on how to evaluate impact in different contexts.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of a viewpoint and review of how metrics are used currently and presents recommendations for change.FindingsWhilst recognising the continued relevance and importance of citation as a measure of impact, the paper highlights how this measure overshadows all other types of impact (on practice, teaching, public policy, society) and, in turn, has the potential to distort academic research practice.Research limitations/implicationsAdditional research should follow to identify other methods of evaluating research impact with a specific emphasis on the development of usage metrics.Practical implicationsThe paper calls on all parties within the research dissemination process (academics, publishers, funding bodies) to formulate new ways of evaluating research.Originality/valueThe paper challenges current thinking on how to evaluate research and makes a number of recommendations, specifically around article usage.