bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fossil fuel supplies and future energy needs
Authors: Risser Hubert E. 
Published: April 2012

Through the years one of the most significant indexes for measuring a nation's progress has been the per capita consumption of inanimate energy in the performance of work, the production of material goods, and the provision of services. Most of us have seen those charts that show the close parallel between the per capita consumption of energy and per capita income.Much of the industrial and economic growth of the United States for almost 200 years has been based on an abundance of low‐cost energy. However, recent events have brought increasing evidence that our fuel supplies, though they appear to be vast, are not adequate to support indefinitely an ever‐increasing demand. Furthermore, environmental effects associated with their production and consumption are now a matter of major concern.
Environmental studies center established in South Florida
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

An environmental studies center offering college‐level instruction and research opportunities in ecology‐related subjects will be established early next year near Florida's Everglades.The center, Fahkahatchee Environmental Studies Center, is affiliated with Cedar Crest College, Allentown, Pennsylvania, but will be open to students and faculty from all colleges and universities in the nation who are interested in pursuing subtropical environmental studies.
UCLA trains scientists and engineers to deal with environmental problems
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

A pioneering program aimed at training scientists and engineers to deal with a broad range of environmental problems is being conducted at the University of California, Los Angeles.Graduate students will embark on a new five‐year doctoral program in environmental science and engineering supported by a National Science Foundation grant. An interdisciplinary educational experiment that cuts across traditional departmental boundaries, the project is under the direction of Willard F. Libby, Director of UCLA's Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics.
USNC/URSI‐IEEE call for papers
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The 1972 USNC/URSI‐IEEE Spring Meeting will be held April 13–15, 1972, at the Statler Hilton Hotel in Washington, D.C.The meeting will be held in cooperation with the following IEEE Groups: Antennas and Propagation, Circuit Theory, Geoscience Electronics, Information Theory, Instrumentation and Measurement, and Microwave Theory and Techniques.
Glacier inventory in northern Washington
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The North Cascade Mountains in Washington State contain 756 glaciers covering a total of 103 square miles, according to a glacier inventory being compiled by hydrologists of the U.S. Geological Survey. Using aerial and ground reconnaissance, a team of USGS glacial scientists counted and described all glaciers larger than about 25 acres in northeast Washington. The state has about 80% of the glacier‐covered areas of the conterminous states.The inventory is the first contribution to the part of the program of the International Hydrological Decade designed to make ‘a world inventory of perennial ice and snow masses.’
NSF continues project aimed at better scientific basis of land and water use
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The National Science Foundation has announced continuing support of a multifaceted research project aimed ultimately at a better scientific basis for use of land and water resources over a large part of the United States.The foundation awarded nearly $2 million for a second full year of research under the program. The grant is administered by the Atomic Energy Commission's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) under an interagency agreement. Grant funds will be divided among research groups at ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee; the Research Triangle Group (composed of Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; and North Carolina State University, Raleigh); University of Georgia, Athens; and the University of Wisconsin at Madison.
AAS Division for Planetary Sciences Annual Meeting
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society will hold its annual meeting in Kailua‐Kona, Hawaii, March 20–24, 1972.Featured on the program will be the first comprehensive scientific reports of results of the NASA Mariner‐9 Mars orbiter. An invitation has also been extended to the USSR Academy of Sciences to send a delegation to report results from the Soviet spacecraft launched to Mars in 1971. A third special session will be devoted to the natural satellites (excluding the moon), and the remainder of the program will consist of contributed papers in all areas of solar system science. A visit to the Mauna Kea Observatory of the University of Hawaii is planned for March 24, the final day of the meeting.
Controlling energy transfer processes and engineering luminescence efficiencies with low dimensional doping
Authors: Yu Xiaoqiang , Summers Christopher J. , Park Wounjhang 
Published: April 2012

Energy transfer between two optical centers has long been used to promote the down- and up-conversion of light. In conventional phosphors, the two centers are distributed uniformly in 3D space and the luminescence efficiency is generally limited by energy transfer to defect states, where the excitation is quenched through non-radiative processes. In this paper, we present a new concept of low-dimensional doping of pairs of optical centers and explore its effect on enhancing the efficiency of down- and up-converted luminescence. The concept takes advantage of the fact that the low-dimensional doping profile significantly reduces the energy transfer rate to unintentional defects, which are naturally distributed in 3D space. The resultant de-coupling between optical centers and defects can lead to a substantial increase in luminescence efficiency.
We first present the theoretical framework and apply the theory to well-characterized down- and up-conversion phosphors. For BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+, Mn2+ down-conversion phosphor, a factor of two increase in efficiency is predicted. For Na2Y3F11:Yb3+, Er3+ up-conversion phosphor, low-dimensional doping did not lead to increase in efficiency. This is because the major quenching mechanism is cross-relaxation between Er3+ ions, not energy transfer to defects. In an ideal up-conversion phosphor, where defect quenching is the dominant loss mechanism, similar increases (by a factor of 2–5) are predicted. This work presents a new pathway to engineer luminescent materials and achieve high luminescence efficiencies in up- and down-conversion phosphors.
Egg Disinfection to Improve Conservation Aquaculture of Leatherside Chub
Authors: Wagner Eric J , Bartley Matthew S , Oplinger Randall W 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Leatherside chub Lepidomeda copei eggs were obtained as part of separate spawning and life history experiments. This paper summarizes several egg disinfection tests conducted between 2007 and 2010 to develop protocols for controlling fungus and improving hatching success. Several disinfection strategies that have worked for other species did not result in improved hatch rates, namely, formalin (1,000–2,000 mg/L for 15 min), ultraviolet light (10,200 mW/cm2), or sodium sulfite (1.5% for 5 min). However, petri dish incubation after treatment with copper sulfate (CuSO4) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) provided high hatch rates. Eggs treated with 40 or 60 mg/L CuSO4 for 2 min had significantly higher hatch rates than untreated controls. Daily or repeated (2-d) treatments using H2O2 or CuSO4 did not significantly improve survival to hatch relative to treating only once, but fungal growth was better controlled in the daily H2O2 treatments. The highest percentage of hatching (100%) was observed in petri dishes in which eggs were treated daily with either 1,000 or 2,000 mg/L H2O2 for 2 min. Disinfection of eggs left on the rock substrate was also successful with 60 mg/L CuSO4 when treated on days 1 and 3 postcollection. These data provide information that will help eliminate fungal infection of eggs and remove an obstacle to the conservation aquaculture of this increasingly rare cyprinid.
A theoretical and experimental study of ac electrothermal flows
Authors: Loire S , Kauffmann P , Mezić I , Meinhart C D 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Electrokinetic flows lead to promising utilization for mixing, concentration, pumping and have applications from basic studies of convective flows to fully integrated lab on chip developments. Despite these wide applications, electrothermal flow models have been scarcely studied. We find that the model widely used by the microfluidic community does not fit correctly the measured ac electrothermal fluid flows at higher voltages (10 V
pp and above). We thus analyse both theoretically and experimentally the importance of electrothermal coupling and the buoyancy effect. Numerical simulations are compared with micro-particle image velocimetry measurements of the vortices. Our enhanced model successfully matches our measurements over a wide range of conductivities and voltages.
Fast and accurate inference of local ancestry in Latino populations
Authors: Baran Yael , Pasaniuc Bogdan , Sankararaman Sriram , Torgerson Dara G. , Gignoux Christopher , Eng Celeste , Rodriguez-Cintron William , Chapela Rocio , Ford Jean G. , Avila Pedro C. , Rodriguez-Santana Jose , Burchard Esteban Gonzàlez , Halperin Eran 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Motivation: It is becoming increasingly evident that the analysis of genotype data from recently admixed populations is providing important insights into medical genetics and population history. Such analyses have been used to identify novel disease loci, to understand recombination rate variation and to detect recent selection events. The utility of such studies crucially depends on accurate and unbiased estimation of the ancestry at every genomic locus in recently admixed populations. Although various methods have been proposed and shown to be extremely accurate in two-way admixtures (e.g. African Americans), only a few approaches have been proposed and thoroughly benchmarked on multi-way admixtures (e.g. Latino populations of the Americas).
Results: To address these challenges we introduce here methods for local ancestry inference which leverage the structure of linkage disequilibrium in the ancestral population (LAMP-LD), and incorporate the constraint of Mendelian segregation when inferring local ancestry in nuclear family trios (LAMP-HAP). Our algorithms uniquely combine hidden Markov models (HMMs) of haplotype diversity within a novel window-based framework to achieve superior accuracy as compared with published methods. Further, unlike previous methods, the structure of our HMM does not depend on the number of reference haplotypes but on a fixed constant, and it is thereby capable of utilizing large datasets while remaining highly efficient and robust to over-fitting. Through simulations and analysis of real data from 489 nuclear trio families from the mainland US, Puerto Rico and Mexico, we demonstrate that our methods achieve superior accuracy compared with published methods for local ancestry inference in Latinos.
Availability: http://lamp.icsi.berkeley.edu/lamp/lampld/
Contact: bpasaniu@hsph.harvard.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CistromeMap: a knowledgebase and web server for ChIP-Seq and DNase-Seq studies in mouse and human
Authors: Qin Bo , Zhou Meng , Ge Ying , Taing Len , Liu Tao , Wang Qian , Wang Su , Chen Junsheng , Shen Lingling , Duan Xikun , Hu Sheng'en , Li Wei , Long Henry , Zhang Yong , Liu X. Shirley 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Summary: Transcription and chromatin regulators, and histone modifications play essential roles in gene expression regulation. We have created CistromeMap as a web server to provide a comprehensive knowledgebase of all of the publicly available ChIP-Seq and DNase-Seq data in mouse and human. We have also manually curated metadata to ensure annotation consistency, and developed a user-friendly display matrix for quick navigation and retrieval of data for specific factors, cells and papers. Finally, we provide users with summary statistics of ChIP-Seq and DNase-Seq studies.
Availability: Freely available on the web at http://cistrome.dfci.harvard.edu/pc/
Contact: yzhang@tongji.edu.cn; xsliu@jimmy.harvard.edu
ape 3.0: New tools for distance-based phylogenetics and evolutionary analysis in R
Authors: Popescu Andrei-Alin , Huber Katharina T. , Paradis Emmanuel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSummary: Reflecting its continuously increasing versatility and functionality, the popularity of the ape (analysis of phylogenetics and evolution) software package has grown steadily over the years. Among its features, it has a strong distance-based component allowing the user to compute distances from aligned DNA sequences based on most methods from the literature and also build phylogenetic trees from them. However, even data generated with modern genomic approaches can fail to give rise to sufficiently reliable distance estimates. One way to overcome this problem is to exclude such estimates from data analysis giving rise to an incomplete distance data set (as opposed to a complete one). So far their analysis has been out of reach for ape. To remedy this, we have incorporated into ape several methods from the literature for phylogenetic inference from incomplete distance matrices. In addition, we have also extended ape's repertoire for phylogenetic inference from complete distances, added a new object class to efficiently encode sets of splits of taxa, and extended the functionality of some of its existing functions.Availability: ape is distributed through the Comprehensive R Archive Network: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ape/index.html Further information may be found at http://ape.mpl.ird.fr/pegas/Contact: Katharina.Huber@cmp.uea.ac.uk, Emmanuel.Paradis@ird.frSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Application of flow cytometric in situ hybridization assay to Epstein–Barr virus‐associated T/natural killer cell lymphoproliferative diseases
Authors: Kawabe Shinji , Ito Yoshinori , Gotoh Kensei , Kojima Seiji , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Kinoshita Tomohiro , Iwata Seiko , Nishiyama Yukihiro , Kimura Hiroshi 
Published: April 2012

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infects various types of lymphocytes and is associated with not only B cell‐origin lymphoma, but also T or natural killer cell lymphoproliferative diseases (T/NK LPD). Recently, we established a novel assay to identify EBV‐infected cells using FISH. Using this assay, dual staining with antibodies to both surface antigens and an EBV‐encoded small RNA (EBER) probe can be performed. In the present study, we applied this recently developed FISH assay to EBV‐associated T/NK LPD to confirm its diagnostic utility. Using FISH, we prospectively analyzed peripheral blood from patients with suspected EBV‐associated T/NK LPD. The results were compared with those obtained using immunobead sorting followed by quantitative PCR. In all, 26 patients were included study. Using FISH, 0.15–67.0% of peripheral blood lymphocytes were found to be positive for EBER. Dual staining was used to determine EBER‐positive cell phenotypes in 23 of 26 subjects (88.5%). In five of seven patients with hydroa vacciniforme‐like lymphoma (an EBV‐positive cutaneous T cell lymphoma), EBER‐positive cells were identified as CD3+CD4−CD8− TCRγδ+ T cells. Furthermore, in a 25‐year‐old male patient with systemic EBV‐positive T cell LPD, two lymphocyte lineages were positive for EBER: CD4+CD8− and CD4−CD8+T cells. Thus, we confirmed that our newly developed assay is useful for quantifying and characterizing EBV‐infected lymphocytes in EBV‐associated T/NK LPD and that it can be used not only to complement the pathological diagnosis, but also to clarify the pathogenesis and to expand the spectrum of EBV‐associated diseases. (Cancer Sci, doi: 10.1111/j.1349‐7006.2012.02305.x, 2012)
Review of invasive cervical cancers and uptake of disclosure of results: an audit of procedures and response
Authors: Prabakar I. , Moss E. L. , Douce G. , Parkes J. , Redman C. W. E. 
Published: April 2012

I. Prabakar, E. L. Moss, G. Douce, J. Parkes and C. W. E. RedmanReview of invasive cervical cancers and uptake of disclosure of results: an audit of procedures and responseObjective:  To audit the process and outcome of case reviews performed for invasive cervical cancers diagnosed between 2003 and 2007, and the timely disclosure of results to the respective patients.Methods:  Invasive cervical cancer reviews were performed on all cases of cervical cancer diagnosed between 2003 and 2007. Following the review, women were classified into two categories: a group who developed invasive cancer despite adherence to the screening programme or in whom a management or diagnostic decision was determined to have been a principal factor in the development of their disease (Group A), and a second group who either had never undergone a cervical smear or had been established defaulters from the screening programme (Group B).Results:  Ninety‐seven of the 98 cases of invasive cervical cancer diagnosed in the 4‐year study period were reviewed. Sixty of the 61 women in Group A were sent an invitation to discuss the results of their case review. Thirty‐six (37%) were classified as Group B, and it was deemed neither appropriate nor possible to invite the patients for a review consultation. Of the women sent an invitation, only 24 (40%) chose to attend.Conclusion:  A policy of selective invitation for the disclosure of invasive review results is feasible. Less than one‐half of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer appear to want to know how they developed cervical cancer despite previously participating in a screening programme.
VEGF is indirectly associated with NO production and acutely increases in response to hyperglycaemia1
Authors: Siervo Mario , Tomatis Virginia , Stephan Blossom C. M. , Feelisch Martin , Bluck Les J. C. 
Published: April 2012

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (9): 967–973AbstractBackground  Increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been observed in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Nitric oxide (NO) formation is reduced in MetS, but its relationship to VEGF production remains poorly defined. We evaluated the association between VEGF/NO synthesis and insulin sensitivity in obese subjects and investigated the secretory response of VEGF to an acute elevation of glucose.Materials and methods  Seven healthy normal‐weight subjects, seven obese subjects without MetS and seven obese subjects with MetS were recruited. Anthropometry, body composition and cardiometabolic functions (blood pressure, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL‐C and VEGF) were measured, and a novel stable isotope method was used to assess in vivo rates of NO production. A frequent sampling intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed to study the dynamics of VEGF release.Results  Fasting VEGF levels were significantly higher in the two obese groups compared to the control group (P for trend = 0·02), but the difference was not significant after adjustment for age. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels were associated with systolic blood pressure (ρ = 0·54; P = 0·01) and NO production (ρ = −0·44; P = 0·04). Vascular endothelial growth factor levels increased in response to acute hyperglycaemia in normal‐weight and obese subjects (P < 0·001).Conclusions  Vascular endothelial growth factor levels rapidly increase during hyperglycaemia and are inversely related to NO production at steady state. The potential link between the acute secretion of VEGF and atherosclerotic risk in subjects with poorly controlled glycaemia as well as the potential of lowering elevated VEGF levels by increasing NO production and/or availability warrants further investigation.
Self‐care after traumatic injury and the use of the therapeutic self care scale in trauma populations
Authors: Chaboyer Wendy , Ringdal Mona , Aitken Leanne , Kendall Elizabeth 
Published: April 2012

chaboyer w., ringdal m., aitken l. & kendall e. (2012) Self‐care after traumatic injury and the use of the therapeutic self‐care scale in trauma populations. Journal of Advanced Nursing69(2), 286–294 doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06005.x.AbstractAims.  To report a correlational study of the relationship between gender, age, severity of injury, length of hospital stay and self‐care behaviour in patients with traumatic injuries.Background.  This study may provide a foundation for targeted nursing intervention and education programmes to help patients better recover from their injury, which is a fundamental aspect of nursing.Design.  A longitudinal cohort study.Method.  This study of patients hospitalized for traumatic injury was conducted from May 2006–November 2007. The Therapeutic Self Care Scale along with demographic and clinical data, were completed at 3 and 6 months after hospital discharge. Using data from the 3‐month survey, the validity and reliability of the scale was calculated. Multiple regression was used to identify predictors of self‐care at 3 and 6 months.Finding.  Participants (n = 125) completed the questionnaire at 3 months and 103 participants completed it at 6 months. Self‐care was high on both occasions and high self‐care at 3 months was related to high self‐care at 6 months. Older participants reported higher self‐care at 3 months compared with younger patients. Factor analysis of the scale revealed three clear components; taking medication, recognition and managing symptoms and managing changes in health conditions, which explained a total of 59·8% of the variance. The 10‐item revised scale was reliable.Conclusion.  The findings indicate that self‐care remains fairly high and stable in the first 6 months after trauma. The revised Therapeutic Self Care Scale was valid and reliable in the trauma population.