bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family Trauma
Authors: Sandhya Shaifali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The burdens of war and humanitarian emergencies are often borne by the family. Besides the broader socioeconomic impact of war and violence, trauma’s psychological legacy is its pernicious after-effects on the person, family, and future generations. Survivors of mass trauma can re-experience the trauma in broad and derivative ways, sometimes for many decades after exposure. Chapter 8, “Family Trauma: The Psychological Legacy of War,” explores some pathways of trauma transmission within conflict-affected families, such as maternal posttraumatic stress, marital relations, child mental health, paternal posttraumatic stress, and parental psychopathology. Families are sites of shared emotions great complexity, bidirectionality, and variation in the expression of mental health problems in the postconflict family climate and how a family member’s mental health challenges can set in motion, either directly or indirectly, adverse mental health processes for other family members. Together, both cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches to clinical research can elucidate different aspects of the sequelae of distress and family functioning in refugee families. The presence of posttraumatic stress in offspring underscores the importance of assessing direct and indirect pathways of both parents’ posttraumatic stress levels. A parent’s trajectory and struggles with posttraumatic stress can independently affect their offspring’s posttraumatic stress years later, and affect how their partner’s posttraumatic stress affects their offspring’s posttraumatic stress many years later. Family therapy can help to strengthen and extend support for vulnerable and displaced individuals at multiple levels by including home-based clinicians, school therapists, clinical supervisors, and cultural experts, thus helping to create sturdier families.
Negotiating Washington, 1966–1982
Authors: Warsh Cheryl Krasnick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Bureau of Medicine was reorganized in 1966 to streamline the approval process. The new FDA Commissioner, James Goddard, disliked Kelsey and developed cozy ties with drug company executives. Kelsey was demoted to head of the Division of Oncology and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs for six months. Ellis died at age fifty-four, and Kelsey faced professional obstacles without his support. Kelsey then headed the Division of Scientific Investigations, which undertook audits of researchers’ work. She continued her public engagements and travelled to Israel, Venezuela, and Japan, home of atomic radiation birth injuries. Geiling died in 1971 and Kelsey served as his executor.
The Ticking Time Bomb
Authors: Warsh Cheryl Krasnick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was a synthetic estrogen intended to prevent miscarriage and menopausal symptoms, and to fatten livestock. In the 1940s, researchers believed DES should be administered to all pregnant women to prevent pregnancy disorders. However, DES caused cervical cancer, apparent at puberty. Kelsey headed a DES task force, concluding that its use should be limited, if not banned. The outrage on DES and the Tuskegee syphilis experiments led to public calls for human experimentation protocols, which passed in 1972. DES also was a cattle feed additive, and the agricultural lobby fought its ban. Environmental advocates cited the Delaney clause, which stated any substance causing cancer must be banned.
The Researcher’s Gaze
Authors: Thomas Lahoma 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Reflexivity in recent years has become more popular in qualitative research and has been positioned as a methodological mechanism that allows for the unveiling of the researcher’s positionality, privilege, and power in the research process. This chapter examines how reflexivity, as it is practiced within qualitative scholarship, is often reduced to a self-reflection on the researcher’s experience. It is a fraught mechanism because it continues to center the researcher under the guise of addressing the ways in which our structural positions shape and determine epistemological ways of knowing and knowledge production. Drawing on the epistemological interventions of Black feminisms, the chapter proposes a relational reflexivity, which connects reflexivity and relationality. Connecting these processes allows us to focus on identity formation, positionality, power, and wider social relations as a structural basis, and on the co-constitutive relationship between the researcher and the research. The chapter concludes with suggestions for researchers who want to incorporate relational reflexivity into their own practice.
Interviewing Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Pearlman Wendy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The term “Vulnerable populations” generally refers to research participants whose diminished autonomy renders them particularly susceptible to coercion, undue influence, mistreatment, or exploitation in research contexts. This chapter examines arguments for the utility of distinguishing this category of research participants, as well as critiques of the concept. It then reviews existing scholarship to derive suggestions for best practices for interviewing vulnerable people. Along the way, it emphasizes the critical value of deep contextual knowledge of researched communities to help researchers understand the circumstances creating vulnerability, recognize signals that participants are susceptible to or experiencing harm, and respond accordingly to make research both ethical and valid. Throughout, the chapter offers examples from my own experience doing interviews with Syrians displaced by war since 2011, as well as with Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip about their experiences of occupation and violence.
Ethnography
Authors: Pisano Jessica 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that at its best, ethnography is a form of research in which the researcher learns with and from other people, approaching others not as objects of inquiry but as fellow human beings whose ideas and ways of seeing things are of interest. The chapter provides some guidelines for how to prepare for and conduct ethnography, notes some challenges researchers might encounter, and offers ways to think about and address those challenges. The chapter also suggests reasons researchers should consider the investment of effort ethnography requires, highlighting ways ethnography can be particularly well-suited for advancing our understanding of the world and one another.
Discourse Analysis
Authors: Weinstein Tania Islas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a definition of discourse as encompassing both the substantive content of ideas and the interactive processes by which ideas are conveyed; this includes forms of verbal and nonverbal language and semiotic practices. It argues that the goals of conducting discourse analysis can include understanding how people make sense of the social world around them, how they become ideologically interpellated, and how power and social domination are reproduced and contested. The chapter also offers guidance and examples to help the reader get a sense of what doing discourse analysis following interpretivist epistemological commitments entails. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of some potential pitfalls to keep in mind when conducting this type of analysis, as well as with helpful examples of books that follow a Foucauldian discursive analysis.
Discerning the Shape of Flourishing Life
Authors: Croasmun Matthew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChristian theology should be about discerning, articulating, and commending visions of human flourishing in light of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. In this mode, theology is not an outlier among the humanities but rather one among many humanistic fields that should be analogously oriented. The humanities should be a site of constructive contestation among multiple particular universalisms’ accounts of flourishing life. In this mode, theology and the humanities as a whole can doubtless contribute to human flourishing, though they will in large part do this by helping students and society as a whole learn to discern the substance of human flourishing—what it means for life to be led well, go well, and feel right. This chapter pays particular attention to the pedagogical implications of this orientation of theology and the humanities.
Suffering, Joy, and Wonder
Authors: Moschella Mary Clark 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The field of pastoral theology and care has a long-held concern for human well-being, often conceived of as living in right relationship with G-d, one’s neighbor, and one’s self. Relying on a pastoral theology of joy, developed using a contextual, qualitative approach, this chapter draws upon narratives that have been written by caregivers whose stories and lives exemplify, express, and inspire deep spiritual joy. This chapter argues for the value of such deep spiritual joy and suggests points of connection and disconnection with positive psychology. This chapter also describes pedagogical practices that help create space for joy. Openness to a deep sense of joy that can hold suffering supports lives of enduring commitment to justice and global well-being.
Socialities of Music
Authors: Cook Nicholas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMusic constructs socialities, but what does this mean? Ideas of music’s utopian properties have a long history, as in the idea of jazz transcending social divisions. Some see this as a key difference between jazz and Western ‘art’ music (WAM), but WAM has its own utopian traditions. The idea of music as conversation – as the friendly interaction of musical agents – is built into the cultures of both jazz and string quartets. It is not that music is inherently good (it can equally be deployed for negative ends) but rather that it is based on mutual listening, which promotes mutual care. Positive effects of music are often associated with ‘active’ participation rather than ‘passive’ listening, but this is one of the many unhelpful binaries that plague thinking about music. Simply listening to recorded music can help build relationship, and this is why music has particular potential for social effect in today’s technological world.
Music and Modernisation in China
Authors: Cook Nicholas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter offers a narrative of the twentieth- and twenty-first-century modernisation of China in the parallel domains of music and politics, showing how different genres and traditions of music acquired symbolic value in the construction of national identity. Following an introductory discussion of the agenda for the modernisation of traditional music set out at the Congress of Arab Music in Cairo (1932), the chapter traces competing visions of Chinese musical modernity during the period up to 1949; the establishment of a new, officially sanctioned ‘national music’, epitomised by the works of Nie Er and Xian Xinghai (both of whom died before the Communist victory); the relationship of notation and ontological change in the modernisation of traditional music; and the processes by which the Western classical tradition achieved its extraordinarily high profile in present-day. China. The chapter concludes by setting ‘modernity with Chinese characteristics’ into the context of modernisation theory.
Transcultural Musicking
Authors: Cook Nicholas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractContinuing the eastward and southward trajectory of the case studies, this chapter focusses on transcultural musicking in Australia and finally in cyberspace. Intercultural composition traditionally means music made by and for members of culture A but drawing on attributes of culture B. But if the aim is to foster intercultural communication, this is not an effective way to achieve it. The first half of the chapter, drawing on work by Samuel Curkpatrick, is built around ‘Crossing Roper Bar’, a collaborative project combining Indigenous musicians (the Young Wägilak Group) and the Australian Art Orchestra. The second half explores practices of virtual musicking – for example in Second Life – and shows how they have given rise to new conceptions of musical affinity. It also develops the idea that music is itself a virtual world, one that is not located outside the actual world but rather augments everyday experience of it.
The Future
Authors: Paul T.V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the possible future of India in the emerging world order. It highlights how India’s status aspirations demonstrate the competitive nature of status politics in the international system. Even though India has achieved numerous milestone markers of international status, the durability, sustainability, and legitimacy of its ranking remain uncertain, as one’s status is always relative to others. Moreover, social creativity, domestic economic and social development, and international economic presence have emerged as important pathways to achieving higher status. The chapter explains that India’s modest, yet significant ascent and accommodation have challenged the dominant theoretical and empirical narrative that great power status is achieved through spilling the blood of oneself and others. Further peaceful accommodation of India may be possible given its swing power status in the Indo-Pacific region.
Epilogue
Authors: Drummond Henry T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It is clear, from the preceding chapters, that the Cantigas are more than just an assemblage of music and poetry. Key to their success is their inherently songful nature. The cantigas de miragre function as a method of communication that reaches out to their audiences. Their form, comprising linear narratives with the push-pull of the refrain and vuelta, deploys rhetorical techniques to convey messages to their listeners. These messages, which offer commentary on religious and political values, and promote Alfonso X as the idealized patron of the Virgin Mary, are designed to make their audiences pause and reflect. They require, like so many forms of vernacular song, active participation and intellectual engagement to be understood. While the Cantigas’ techniques observed throughout this book cannot be said to be universal to the repertoire, they do show the panoply of devices that make vernacular song of the thirteenth century so engaging and intellectually enriching.
Debating the ProperWeito Rule the State in Early Chinese and Greek Political Philosophy
Authors: Hutton Eric L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractComparative studies of Chinese thought in Western languages tend to privilege Western concepts as their tools of analysis. This essay “flips the script” by using an emotion-related concept prominent in early Chinese political philosophy, wei 威, to examine ancient Greek political philosophy. After tracing the conceptual contours of wei, the essay argues that Plato and Aristotle display awareness of the sort of emotional phenomena referenced in early Chinese (especially, early Confucian) discussions of wei. Nevertheless, those phenomena are nowhere nearly as important for Plato and Aristotle as they are in early Chinese discourse about politics. The essay suggests that this difference derives partly from the forms of government on which Plato and Aristotle focus, but that such an explanation would not—from the Chinese perspective—fully justify such neglect of these phenomena. If correct, that observation highlights a potentially important lesson to be learned about politics, even today’s politics.
Assessing the Impact
Authors: Zhang Angela Huyue 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter assesses the impact of China’s great reversal in regulating its platform economy. This chapter shows that a significant repercussion of the regulatory crackdown has been the retreat of the private sector and the rise of the administrative state. Over the past few years, Chinese Big Tech firms have strategically withdrawn from non-core operational areas and have undertaken massive restructuring in a bid to alleviate Beijing’s concerns about their widespread influence. While many of these actions were driven by valid regulatory concerns, the crackdown has resulted in substantial unintended consequences without significantly enhancing competition or facilitating new sector entries. Simultaneously, the state sector has benefited by acquiring more strategic stakes and gaining more leverage in directing investment flows toward cutting-edge technologies.
Introduction
Authors: Pozen David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter observes that contemporary critics of the war on drugs hardly ever invoke the U.S. Constitution—even though they routinely invoke ideals that are central to constitutional law, even though many different clauses in the Constitution might support their critiques, and even though constitutional courts worldwide have played an increasingly prominent role in drug reform. During the 1960s and 1970s, state and federal judges across the country pushed back against punitive drug bans in a rich body of rulings that have been all but forgotten. How did the Constitution disappear from the drug reform conversation? If the war on drugs has been so mean and misguided, why did our supreme law end up furnishing so little assistance to its victims? Studying these questions, the introduction argues, can illuminate a great deal not only about drug politics and policy development but also about the institutional and ideological structure of American constitutionalism.
Federalism and Rational Regulation
Authors: Pozen David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews challenges to drug laws on grounds of limited government and rational government. Although the judiciary enabled prohibition by allowing Congress to regulate drugs first under its tax power and later under its commerce power, the Rehnquist Court’s “anticommandeering” rulings proved an unexpected boon for state-level liberalization. In between these federalism fights, reformers in the 1960s and 1970s attacked the rationality of state and federal drug classifications, which lumped mild euphoriants with heavy narcotics while giving alcohol and nicotine a pass. Although a dozen-odd courts determined that treating marijuana like a narcotic violates the Equal Protection Clause, the doctrine ultimately prioritized deference to legislators and administrators. As acutely as any set of cases in the late twentieth century, challenges to marijuana’s scheduling tested whether rational basis review would do any work in the face of apparent arbitrariness. The answer that won out in the 1970s was: no.
Ses fantômes
Authors: Holland Timothy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 investigates the legacy of Derrida’s work and deconstruction within film theory and the recurrent, if overlooked, figure of cinema in his oeuvre. The chapter begins by unpacking Derrida’s thinking of the ghostly to problematize the periodization of his oeuvre and its supposed “turns,” whether cinematic or ethicopolitical. Drawing from scholarship that offers insight into this legacy during the institutionalization of academic film studies, the chapter assesses the politics ingrained within the field before amplifying instances of Derrida’s mentioning of cinema throughout his published corpus. The latter survey begins with his first publications in the 1960s (e.g., “Force and Signification,” and Of Grammatology) and concludes with his posthumously published seminars on the death penalty.
The Divide between War and Peace
Authors: Vestner Tobias 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the nuanced relationship between war and peace, challenging the simplistic binary classification often employed. International law has evolved in such a way as to encapsulate war with different labels and legal concepts: war is prohibited under the banner of the use of force but fought in the name of international peace and security when authorized by the United Nations Security Council. The chapter argues that due to its conceptualization and evolution, modern international law does not offer much clarity on the divide between war and peace. Rather, it confuses the boundaries and conflates the concepts—implying certain parallels to what Orwell had termed ‘war is peace’—to the extent that there is a relatively broad legal grey zone on the two notions. This results in analytical difficulties but also a certain normative permissibility particularly relevant in the context of hybrid threats, hybrid warfare, and grey zone conflict.
The Colonial Geography of Linguistics
Authors: Braithwaite Ben , Ali Kristian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The colonial structure of the field of linguistics is rooted in its history and is also deeply entrenched in its geography. Wealth, power, and prestige are hoarded in elite institutions of the Global North, in ways that shape who can be a professional linguist, and whose concerns are considered important to the field. Drawing on their experiences of being linguists in the Caribbean, the authors discuss some of the ways in which this colonial geography structures and upholds unequal access to opportunities and reproduces a parochial outlook which tends to overlook rich traditions of linguistic study from outside the current centres of institutional power. The chapter provides a brief sketch of one such tradition from the Caribbean and argues that the rootedness in place and explicit commitment to linguistic liberation provides a powerful model for linguists elsewhere committed to advancing liberatory linguistics.