bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlating mechanical and electrical properties of filler‐loaded polyurethane fluoroelastomers: The influence of carbon black
Authors: Griffini Gianmarco , Suriano Raffaella , Turri Stefano 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe dynamic mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of a class of polyurethane fluoroelastomers filled with different carbon black types and loadings were investigated. In particular, finely structured and coarsely structured carbon blacks were considered. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) on the unfilled fluoroelastomer confirmed the phase‐segregated nature of this copolymer. The dynamic mechanical behavior of elastomeric compounds reinforced with finely structured carbon black was found to be strongly influenced by the filler content above a threshold value. This behavior may be attributed to the formation of carbon black aggregates and three‐dimensional anisotropic structures at increasing filler loading. Such an effect was not observed in compounds filled with coarsely structured carbon black particles, which do not seem to form higher level structures. These observations were supported by calculations on the hydrodynamic effect of the filler on the storage modulus G′ of carbon black–loaded compounds. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements on filled fluoroelastomers revealed the presence of an electrical percolation threshold for finely structured carbon black–filled compounds that supports the hypothesis of the presence of a three‐dimensional anisotropic network forming at high filler loading. No percolation threshold was found in coarsely structured carbon black–filled compounds in accordance with DMA. These results can provide useful guidelines for the design of high‐performance carbon black–filled polyurethane fluoroelastomers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Star polymer with crosslinked core and water‐soluble poly(N‐hydroxyethylacrylamide)‐arms: Synthesis by arm‐first method using ATRP and characterizations by SEC‐MALS and SAXS measurement in water
Authors: Narumi Atsushi , Ohashi Yoko , Togashi Daichi , Saito Yuta , Jinbo Yuji , Izumi Yoshinobu , Matsuda Keigo , Kakuchi Toyoji , Kawaguchi Seigou 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCore crosslinked star (CCS)‐polymers with water‐soluble arms composed of poly(N‐hydroxyethylacrylamide) (PHEAA) are described. N‐Hydroxyethylacrylamide was polymerized by the atom transfer radical polymerization consisting of ethyl 2‐chloropropionate, copper(I) chloride (CuCl), and tris[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine in an ethanol/water mixed solvent at 20 °C. The obtained PHEAA‐arms were subsequently coupled using N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as the crosslinking agent and sodium L‐ascorbic acid (AscNa) as the reaction activator. A total of 17 representative coupling reactions with diverse conditions are discussed together with the characterizations of the products mainly by size exclusion chromatograph equipped with the multiangle laser light scattering detector (SEC‐MALS). Consequently, the coupling reactions provided CCS‐polymers with PHEAA‐arms (CCS‐PHEAAs) having weight averaged‐molecular weights determined by SEC‐MALS (Mw,MALS) ranging from 63.8 kg mol−1 to 832 kg mol−1, which corresponded to the average arm‐number (Narm) ranging from 4.1 to 42, respectively. CCS‐PHEAA with the Mw,MALS of 250 kg mol−1 was isolated and characterized by small angle X‐ray scattering measurements in 0.05 M NaNO3 aq. at 25 °C, which was shown to possess a star‐shaped structure and exist as single molecules with a radius of gyration at the infinite dilution condition (<Rg2>z,01/2) of 74 ± 4 Å. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Precisely controlled copper(0)‐catalyzed one‐pot reaction: Concurrent living radical polymerization and click chemistry
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Chen Gaojian , Hu Zhijun , Zhang Wei , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCopper(0)‐catalyzed one‐pot reaction combining living radical polymerization and “click chemistry” was investigated. By precisely tuning reaction time, three novel well‐defined polymers with different degree of carboxyl substitution, poly(propargyl methacrylate) (PPgMA), poly(1‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐[1,2,3]triazol‐4‐methyl methacrylate) (PCTMMA), and poly(1‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐[1,2,3]triazol‐4‐methyl methacrylate‐co‐propargyl methacrylate) (PCTMMA‐co‐PPgMA) were selectively obtained via Cu(0) powder/N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) cocatalyzed LRP and click chemistry. In addition, gel permeation chromatography and 1H NMR analysis in conjunction with FTIR spectroscopy elucidate that one‐pot process undergoes three steps due to a pronounced rate enhancement of click reaction: (1) generating new monomer, 1‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐[1,2,3]triazol‐4‐methyl methacrylate (CTMMA); (2) copolymerization of two monomers (CTMMA and PgMA); (3) building homopolymer PCTMMA. Surprisingly, in contrast to typical Cu(I)‐catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), copper(0)‐catalyzed one‐pot reaction showed high carboxylic acid group tolerance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Black branes in AdS: BPS bounds and asymptotic charges
Authors: Hristov K. , Toldo C. , Vandoren S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe focus on black branes and toroidal black holes in N = 2 gauged supergravities that asymptote to AdS4, and derive formulas for the mass and central charge densities. We derive the corresponding BPS bound from the superalgebra of the asymptotic vacuum and illustrate our procedure with explicit examples of genuine black brane solutions with non‐trivial scalars.
Convergence of fixed‐point iteration for the identification of Hammerstein and Wiener systems
Authors: Li Guoqi , Wen Changyun 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYConvergence property of the iterative algorithm for Hammerstein or Wiener systems is generally hard to establish because of the existence the unmeasurable internal variables in such systems. In this paper, a fixed‐point iteration is introduced to identifying both Hammerstein and Wiener systems with a unified algorithm. This newly proposed estimation algorithm gives consistent estimates under arbitrary nonzero initial conditions. In addition, the errors of the estimates are established as functions of the noise variance, and thus how the noise affects the quality of parameter estimates for a finite number of data points is made clear. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of FeO and Al2O3 on the MgO Solubility in CaO–SiO2–FeO–Al2O3–MgO Slag System at 1823 K
Authors: Kim Young Jae , Min Dong Joon 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe MgO solubility in CaO–SiO2–FeO–Al2O3–MgO quinary slag system at 1823 K was measured to evaluate the effect of FeO and Al2O3 on the MgO solubility. It was found that the MgO solubility was decreased with higher optical basicity, FeO concentration, and increased with higher Al2O3 concentration. The MgO solubility was affected by activity coefficient of Mg2+ ($\gamma _{{\rm Mg}_{{\rm 2 + }} } $). Increase of the activity coefficient of Mg2+ ($\gamma _{{\rm Mg}_{{\rm 2 + }} } $) with higher FeO or lower Al2O3 decreased the MgO solubility. The increment in MgO solubility is remarkably reduced beyond a critical $X_{{\rm Al}_{2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 3}} } /(X_{{\rm Al}_{2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 3}} } + X_{{\rm FeO}} )$ ratio. The significant decrease of the increment of MgO solubility is caused by the change of the molten slag structure. The excess stability function of Al2O3 and the Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis were applied to indirectly verify the existence of the spinel structure in the CaO–SiO2–FeO–Al2O3–MgO slag system.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Homodinuclear Lanthanide Complexes Bearing Salen‐type Schiff‐base Ligand
Authors: Lv Wenfeng , Wang Yaorong , Wu Bing , Yao Yingming , Shen Qi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThree homodinuclear lanthanide complexes [Ln2(μ‐L)3] [Ln= La (1), Nd (2), Sm (3)] were synthesized by the reaction ofLn[N(SiMe3)2]3(Ln= La, Nd, Sm) with 1.5 equiv. of the salen‐type ligandN,N‐bis(3, 5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐salicylidene)‐1, 3‐diaminobenzene (H2L) in THF at room temperature. X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that the coordination arrangement around each lanthanide atom could be best described as distorted octahedral for complexes2and3and the two lanthanide metal ions are linked together by the three rigidm‐phenylenediamine‐based ligands. The ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ϵ‐caprolactone (ϵ‐CL) was carried out using the complexes1–3as catalysts. The catalytic activities of dinuclear lanthanide complexes were greatly affected by ionic radii and the increased active order is Sm < Nd < La.
Crystal Structure and Dielectric Property of (p‐CH3OC6H4NH3)+(18‐crown‐6)·H2PO4–·2H3PO4
Authors: Wang Wen‐Xiang , Zhu Run‐Qiang , Fu Xue‐Qun , Zhang Wen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOne novel organic‐inorganic hybrid compound, (p‐CH3OC6H4NH3)+(18‐crown‐6)·H2PO4–·2H3PO4 (1) ((p‐CH3OC6H4NH3)+ = 4‐methoxyphenylammonium; 18‐crown‐6 = 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16‐hexaoxacyclooctadecane), has been synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. In the structure, the organic (p‐CH3OC6H4NH3)+(18‐crown‐6) supermolecular cation layer and inorganic phosphate anion layer arrange alternately. Temperature‐ and frequency‐dependent dielectric constants of compound 1 show no distinct dielectric anomalies, suggesting no phase transition within the measured temperature range (100–380 K). A high dielectric constant of 442.3 at a low frequency of 200 Hz suggests slow molecular motion and/or space charge polarization rather than fast electronic motion.
Newly Identified Khotanese Fragments in the British Library and Their Chinese Parallels
Authors: CHEN HUAIYU 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article identifies three Khotanese fragments in the British Library – IOL Khot 25/4, IOL Khot 147/5 (H. 147 NS 106) and Khot missing frags. 3 – as Agrapradīpadhāraṇī, Mahāvaipulya-buddha-Avataṃsaka-sūtra-acintya-visaya-pradesa and Hastikakṣyā, since their parallels have been found in the Chinese canon. The first identification adds one more dhāraṇī text to the current Khotanese Buddhist corpus. The second identification provides a better understanding of the Buddhist connection between Khotan and Central China. The Chinese version was translated by a Khotanese monk named Devendraprajña. The second identification indicates that the text Hastikakṣyā has a Khotanese translation, in addition to a Sanskrit version and two Chinese translations. In sum, this article sheds new light on Buddhist literature in Khotanese and its connection with Buddhist literature in Chinese.
Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction: Radiation Therapy Services for Chinese Patients at the British Columbia Cancer Agency – Vancouver Centre
Authors: Soo J. , Chu C. , French J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground: Patient satisfaction surveys conducted in English exclude respondents who are not proficient in the English language. This makes it difficult to assess whether health care services provided are culturally appropriate. This study aims to evaluate the level of satisfaction for Chinese speaking patients who received radiation treatments at the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver Centre in Canada.Patients and Methods: Chinese patients were given a translated patient satisfaction survey on a voluntary basis to complete at the end of treatment. Contingency table analysis using the Pearson chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was performed at 5% significance level for all analyses. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate whether complete satisfaction with an aspect of care influenced overall satisfaction with services provided by the RT team.Results: The level of satisfaction in Chinese speaking patients was lower compared to English speaking patients. The results from the Chinese survey also identified the importance of treatment patients with courtesy and providing them with a pleasant wait area.Conclusions: Despite a language barrier, Chinese speaking patients still contributed to improvement initiatives at the Vancouver Centre. Efforts to ensure a culturally appropriate environment and provision of services include recruitment of staff members who reflect the cultural diversity of the community serviced, use of interpreter services or bilingual health providers for clients, use of linguistically appropriately education materials, and health care settings that is pleasant and respects the cultural diversity of the population serviced. This assessment provided a better understanding of whether services at the Vancouver Centre were culture appropriate.
Long‐term evolution in the global distribution of solar wind speed and density fluctuations during 1997–2009
Authors: Tokumaru Munetoshi , Kojima Masayoshi , Fujiki Ken'ichi 
Published: May 2012

Interplanetary scintillation (IPS) observations made with the 327‐MHz multistation system of the Solar‐Terrestrial Environment Laboratory (STEL) are analyzed to investigate the global distribution of solar wind speed and density fluctuations (ΔNe) and their evolution during 1997–2009. This study aims at elucidating the evolution of ΔNe distribution during the cycle 23 and subsequent extended minimum, which is useful for improving understanding of the heliospheric response to the peculiar solar activity. The computer‐assisted tomography (CAT) method is used in the present study to deconvolve the line‐of‐sight integration of STEL IPS observations. This CAT method enables retrieval of the quasi‐stationary large‐scale structure of the background solar wind. The results show that the high (low)‐latitude region is dominated by reduced (enhanced) ΔNe plasma, being closely associated with the fast (slow) solar wind. The solar wind speed data show a distinct change with solar activity, and an excellent positive (negative) correlation is revealed between the fast (slow) wind area and the polar field strength of the Sun. In contrast, the ΔNe data do not show such a solar cycle variation, but instead reveal a significant increase in the fractional area of low‐ΔNe region in 2004 preceded by a constant value with a small amount of fluctuation. This change is observed for all latitudes, distinctly after 2007 for low latitudes. Our finding is consistent with the long‐term variation of the solar wind density revealed from in situ measurements at the Earth orbit, if ΔNe ∝ Ne (where Ne is the solar wind electron density), and also consistent with the coronal hole distribution during the last solar cycle. It is found that ΔNe is inversely correlated with the solar wind speed V. We obtain the best fit power law function ΔNe ∝ V−0.36±0.14 for V > 350 km/s, which is basically consistent with our earlier result. This fact suggests that the fractional density fluctuations ΔNe/Ne are greater in the fast wind than in the slow wind. There is no systematic variation in the power law index or slope during 1997–2009 except for a null slope in 2000, which may be ascribed to an insufficient resolution of the CAT analysis. Thus, the inverse relation between ΔNe and V is regarded as a general rule for solar wind turbulence. The important point to note is that a marked drop in ΔNe occurs for the slow speed wind, V < 350 km/s, particularly for 2004 and 2009. This fact may be attributed to different source conditions of the very‐low‐speed solar wind.
The geomagnetic semiannual anomaly on the four Dst‐fundamental observatories: Dependences with Sun‐Earth physical parameters
Authors: Azpilicueta Francisco , Brunini Claudio , Camilión Emilio 
Published: May 2012

The semiannual anomaly (also known as semiannual variation) on the magnetic activity is a phenomenon that produces clear minima during March and September and maxima in June and December on the horizontal components of the geomagnetic field. This phenomenon has been known since the middle of the nineteenth century, but in spite of the accumulation of measurements and the development of three theoretical models, a conclusive physical explanation for it has not been developed. The usual approach to study the semiannual anomaly is by means of geomagnetic indices like the disturbance storm time, Dst, which is based on combining measurements registered on four magnetic observatories. This work follows a different approach based on the raw horizontal components registered at the four observatories. The analyses performed aimed to study and assess the impact of several external parameters, characteristics of the Sun‐Earth environment, on the semiannual anomaly. The influence of the global geomagnetic activity level, the solar activity level, the solar magnetic polarity, and the rising/declining phase of the solar radiation cycle is analyzed in detail. The most important finding is that the semiannual anomaly is always present and that none of the previously mentioned parameters significantly favor the development of it. A second result is the presence of a 27 day signal superposed to the semiannual anomaly which is significantly affected by the solar activity level.
Rapid crustal accretion and magma assimilation in the Oman‐U.A.E. ophiolite: High precision U‐Pb zircon geochronology of the gabbroic crust
Authors: Rioux Matthew , Bowring Samuel , Kelemen Peter , Gordon Stacia , Dudás Frank , Miller Robert 
Published: May 2012

New high‐precision U/Pb zircon geochronology from the Oman‐United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) ophiolite provides insight into the timing and duration of magmatism and the tectonic setting during formation of the lower crust. The new data come from a well‐preserved and exposed crustal section in the center of the Wadi Tayin massif. Single grain and grain fragment 206Pb/238U dates from upper‐level gabbros, tonalites/trondhjemites and gabbroic pegmatites, corrected for initial Th exclusion, range from 112.55 ± 0.21 to 95.50 ± 0.17 Ma, with most data clustered between 96.40 ± 0.17 to 95.50 ± 0.17 Ma. Zircon dates from upper‐level gabbros are most consistent with the ophiolite forming at a fast spreading ridge with half‐rates of 50–100 km/Ma. Dates from tonalites/trondhjemites and from a gabbroic pegmatite associated with a wehrlite intrusion overlap with dates from adjacent upper‐level gabbros, suggesting that any age differences between these three magmatic series are smaller than the analytical uncertainties or intrasample variability in the dates. Three of the dated upper‐level gabbros and a single gabbroic pegmatite from the base of the crust have >1 Ma intrasample variability in single grain dates, suggesting assimilation of older crust during the formation or crystallization of the magmas. Whole rock εNd(t) of seven samples, including the upper‐level gabbros with variable zircon dates, have tightly clustered initial values ranging from εNd(96 Ma) = 7.59 ± 0.23 to 8.28 ± 0.31. The εNd values are similar to those from other gabbros within the ophiolite, suggesting that any assimilated material had a similar isotopic composition to primitive basaltic magmas. The new dates suggest that the studied section formed at a fast spreading mid‐ocean ridge between ∼96.4–95.5 Ma. The large intrasample variability in zircon dates in some samples is unexpected in this setting, and may be related to propagation of a younger ridge into older oceanic lithosphere.
History, conflicting collective memories, and national identities: how Latvia's Russian-speakers are learning to remember
Authors: Cheskin Ammon 
Published: May 2012

The literature on collective memories in the Baltic states often stresses the irreconcilable division between Russian and Baltic official interpretations of the Second World War. This paper seeks to challenge this popular notion of two polemic collective memories – “Latvian” and “Russian”. While there is evidence that Latvia's Russian-speakers are heavily influenced by Russian cultural and political discourses, I will argue that the actual positions taken up by Russian-speakers are more nuanced than a crude Latvian–Russian dichotomy would suggest.Based on survey data collected at the site of the 2011 Victory Day celebrations in Riga, this paper points to the germane existence of a partial “democratization of history” among Latvia's Russian-speakers, typified by an increasing willingness to countenance and take stock of alternative views of history. Through an examination of the data it will be argued that such tentative steps towards a democratization of history are most visible among the younger cohort of Russian-speakers, whose collective memory-myths have been tempered by their dual habitation of the Latvian, as well as Russian, mythscapes. In order to more fully understand this process both bottom-up and top-down pressures will be examined.
Foul or dive? Motor contributions to judging ambiguous foul situations in football
Authors: Renden Peter G. , Kerstens Sander , Oudejans Raôul R. D. , Cañal‐Bruland Rouwen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFootball (soccer) referees frequently face situations in which they have to distinguish dives and fouls. Yet, little is known about the contributing factors that characterise the ability to judge these ambiguous situations correctly. To this end, in the current article we tested the hypothesis that motor experience of observers contributes to the visual identification of deceptive actions. Thereto, we asked skilled football referees, skilled football players, wheelchair bounded football fans (thus with limited motor experience) and novices to judge whether potential tackle situations in football were either fouls or dives. Results revealed that the referees (accuracy 72.2%, s=6.2) and players (accuracy 72.0%, s=6.4) were better at discriminating fouls and dives than the fans (accuracy 61.1%, s=7.2) and the novices (accuracy 57.4%, s=7.0) (P < 0.001). The results seem to point to an added value of motor experience in detecting deceptive movements.
Quiet eye training: The acquisition, refinement and resilient performance of targeting skills
Authors: Vine Samuel J. , Moore Lee J. , Wilson Mark R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHow we learn and refine motor skills in the most effective manner and how we prevent performance breakdown in pressurised or demanding circumstances are among the most important questions within the sport psychology and skill acquisition literature. The quiet eye (QE) has emerged as a characteristic of highly skilled perceptual and motor performance in visually guided motor tasks. Defined as the final fixation that occurs prior to a critical movement, over 70 articles have been published in the last 15 years probing the role that the QE plays in underpinning skilled performance. The aim of this review is to integrate research findings from studies examining the QE as a measure of visuomotor control in the specific domain of targeting skills; motor skills requiring an object to be propelled to a distant target. Previous reviews have focused primarily on the differences in QE between highly skilled performers and their less skilled counterparts. The current review aims to discuss contemporary findings relating to 1. The benefits of QE training for the acquisition and refinement of targeting skills; 2. The effects of anxiety upon the QE and subsequent targeting skill performance and 3. The benefits of QE training in supporting resilient performance under elevated anxiety. Finally, potential processes through which QE training proffers this advantage, including improved attentional control, response programming and external focus, will be discussed and directions for future research proposed.