bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in Susceptibility to Henneguya ictaluri Infection by Two Species of Catfish and Their Hybrid Cross
Authors: Griffin Matt J. , Camus Alvin C. , Wise David J. , Greenway Terrence E. , Mauel Michael J. , Pote Linda M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Proliferative gill disease (PGD) in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus is caused by the myxozoan parasite Henneguya ictaluri. There is no effective treatment for PGD, and mortalities can exceed 50% in severe outbreaks. One approach to controlling losses would be to utilize a less susceptible ictalurid species in pond culture; alternatively, one could identify the traits that convey resistance and exploit them in a selective breeding program. Challenge studies have found less severe inflammatory responses in the gill tissue of blue catfish I. furcatus and fewer mortalities than in channel catfish. However, it remains unclear whether infection and subsequent plasmodial development progress the same way in the two species. To investigate this, we compared the dynamics of H. ictaluri infection in blue catfish, channel catfish, and channel catfish × blue catfish hybrids in continuous long-term (5–7-d) and short-term (24-h) pond challenges. After long-term challenge, 66.2% of the channel catfish and 63.6% of the hybrid catfish developed characteristic PGD lesions, compared with 3.7% of the blue catfish. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis detected H. ictaluri in larger percentages of channel and hybrid catfish than blue catfish (98.7% and 95.7% versus 45.9%), with significantly greater parasite DNA equivalents in channel and hybrid catfish than blue catfish. Similar findings were obtained in the short-term exposures. Histologically, channel and hybrid catfish developed severe PGD accompanied by large numbers of developing plasmodia. While mild PGD was observed in some blue catfish, the progression of lesions lagged behind that in channel and hybrid catfish. Most importantly, developing plasmodia were not observed in blue catfish, and parasite DNA was not detected 14 d after removal from the source of infection. Our findings indicate that the resistance of blue catfish to H. ictaluri infection can be overcome by large numbers of infective actinospores but that infection appears to be eliminated before plasmodial development occurs.
Hydrodynamic sensory stressors produce nonlinear predation patterns
Authors: Smee Delbert L. , Ferner Matthew C. , Weissburg Marc J. 
Published: April 2010

Predators often have large effects on community structure, but these effects can be minimized in habitats subjected to intense physical stress. For example, predators exert large effects on rocky intertidal communities on wave‐protected shores but are usually absent from wave‐swept shores where hydrodynamic forces prevent them from foraging effectively. The physical environment also can affect predation levels when stressors are not severe enough to be physically risky. In these situations, environmental conditions may constrain a predator's ability to locate prey and alleviate predation pressure. Yet, stress models of community structure have rarely considered the implications of such sensory or behavioral stressors, particularly when the sensory abilities of both predators and prey are affected by the same types of environmental conditions. Ecologists may classify certain environmental conditions as refuges if they impede predator foraging, but these conditions may not actually decrease predation levels if they simultaneously increase prey vulnerability to consumers.Using blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) and hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) as a model system, we investigated the relationship between predation intensity and environmental stress in the form of hydrodynamics (i.e., flow velocity and turbulence). Blue crabs and hard clams are less responsive to each other in faster, more turbulent flows, but studies exploring how flow modulates the outcomes of crab–clam interactions in the field are lacking. We manipulated turbulence within field sites and compared predation levels within and between sites that differed in flow velocity and turbulence. Our results suggest that blue crabs are most effective foragers in flows with intermediate velocities and turbulence levels. Although these conditions are not ideal for blue crabs, lab studies indicate that they also compromise the ability of clams to detect and react to approaching crabs and, thereby, increase clam vulnerability to predators. Our results suggest that environmental stresses on perception (sensory stressors) may not cause a steady decay in predation rates when they simultaneously affect the behaviors of both predators and prey. Moreover, the relative contribution of lethal vs. nonlethal predator effects in communities also may be influenced by environmental forces that enhance the predator‐avoidance abilities of prey or the foraging efficiency of predators.
Incorporating density dependence into the directed‐dispersal hypothesis
Authors: Spiegel Orr , Nathan Ran 
Published: April 2010

The directed‐dispersal (DrD) hypothesis, one of the main explanations for the adaptive value of seed dispersal, asserts that enhanced (nonrandom) arrival to favorable establishment sites is advantageous for plant fitness. However, as anticipated by the ideal free distribution theory, enhanced seed deposition may impair site suitability by increasing density‐dependent mortality, thus negating the advantage postulated by the DrD hypothesis. Although the role of density effects is thoroughly discussed in the seed‐dispersal literature, this DrD paradox remains largely overlooked. The paradox, however, may be particularly pronounced in animal‐mediated dispersal systems, in which DrD is relatively common, because animals tend to generate local seed aggregations due to their nonrandom movements.To investigate possible solutions to the DrD paradox, we first introduce a simple analytical model that calculates the optimal DrD level at which seed arrival to favorable establishment sites yields maximal fitness gain in comparison to a null model of random arrival. This model predicts intermediate optimal DrD levels that correspond to various attributes of the plants, the dispersers, and the habitat. We then use a simulation model to explore the temporal dynamics of the invasion process of the DrD strategy in a randomly dispersed population, and the resistance of a DrD population against invasion of other dispersal strategies. This model demonstrates that some properties of the invasion process (e.g., mutant persistence ratio in the population and generations until initial establishment) are facilitated by high DrD levels, and not by intermediate levels as expected from the analytical model.These results highlight the need to revise the DrD hypothesis to include the countering effects of density‐dependent mortality inherently imposed by enhanced arrival of seeds to specific sites. We illustrate how the revised hypothesis can elucidate previous results from empirical studies reporting little or no support for the DrD hypothesis, and we suggest its incorporation in designing empirical studies of plant recruitment and in management practices.
The distribution and host range of the pandemic disease chytridiomycosis in Australia, spanning surveys from 1956–2007
Authors: Murray Kris , Retallick Richard , McDonald Keith R. , Mendez Diana , Aplin Ken , Kirkpatrick Peter , Berger Lee , Hunter David , Hines Harry B. , Campbell R. , Pauza Matthew , Driessen Michael , Speare Richard , Richards Stephen J. , Mahony Michael , Freeman Alastair , Phillott Andrea D. , Hero Jean-Marc , Kriger Kerry , Driscoll Don , Felton Adam , Puschendorf Robert , Skerratt Lee F. 
Published: April 2010

Chytridiomycosis is the worst disease to affect vertebrate biodiversity on record. In Australia, it is thought to have caused the extinction of four frog species, and it threatens the survival of at least 10 more. We report the current distribution and host range of this invasive disease in Australia, which is essential knowledge for conservation management. We envisage that the data be used in a global and national context for predictive modeling, meta‐analyses, and risk assessment. Our continent‐wide data set comprises 821 sites in Australia and includes 10 183 records from >80 contributors spanning collection dates from 1956 to 2007. Sick and dead frogs from the field and apparently healthy frogs from museum collections were tested opportunistically for the presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the fungal pathogen causing chytridiomycosis, and apparently healthy frogs and tadpoles found during surveys were tested purposively. The diagnostic tests used were histology of skin samples and quantitative PCR of skin swabs. Chytridiomycosis was found in all Australian states and the Australian Capital Territory, but not in the Northern Territory. Currently it appears to be confined to the relatively cool and wet areas of Australia, such as along the Great Dividing Range and adjacent coastal areas in the eastern mainland states of Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria, eastern and central Tasmania, southern South Australia, and southwestern Western Australia. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis may have been introduced into Australia via the port of Brisbane around 1978 and spread northward and southward. It did not appear to arrive in Western Australia until 1985. The earliest records from South Australia and Tasmania are from 1995 and 2004, respectively, although archival studies from these states are lacking. We also report negative findings showing that the disease does not currently occur in some areas that appear to be environmentally suitable, including Cape York Peninsula in Queensland and most of the World Heritage Area in western Tasmania. Infection with B. dendrobatidis has been recorded from 63 frog species in Australia to date, all belonging to the Hylidae, Limnodynastidae, and Myobatrachidae, with the exception of one individual of a species from the Microhylidae and the introduced cane toad of the family Bufonidae.The complete data sets corresponding to abstracts published in the Data Papers section of the journal are published electronically in Ecological Archives at 〈http://esapubs.org/archive〉. (The accession number for each Data Paper is given directly beneath the title.)
Cervical Enamel Projections in Unusual Locations: A Case Report and Mini‐Review
Authors: Chan Hsun‐Liang , Oh Tae‐Ju , Bashutski Jill , Fu Jia‐Hui , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: April 2010

Background: Periodontitis is primarily a bacteria‐induced disease that can be modified by tooth‐related local factors. Cervical enamel projections (CEPs) are a common tooth anomaly that can act as contributing factors in the development of periodontitis. They are most commonly found at the buccal surfaces of mandibular molars.Methods: A 57‐year‐old female was referred to our clinic for treatment of chronic periodontitis. A clinical examination revealed moderate attachment loss that was localized to the palatal side of the maxillary second molars. The rest of the dentition was less affected, with a diagnosis of generalized slight chronic periodontitis. An initial non‐surgical periodontal treatment was provided followed by apically positioned flap surgery in the maxillary right and left posterior areas. At the time of surgery, CEPs were found where the periodontium was most affected.Results: Because surgical intervention exposed the CEPs, they were not removed. After the active therapy, which resulted in inflammation resolution and maintainable probing depths, the patient was placed on a 3‐month recall for periodontal maintenance.Conclusions: CEPs were found in an unusual location on the palatal roots of maxillary second molars. The findings of this case report confirm the role of CEPs as a local contributing factor in localized chronic periodontitis.
VEGF and TNF up-regulate, NSAID down-regulate SOX18 protein level in HUVEC
Authors: Petrovic Isidor , Nikcevic Gordan , Zaric Jelen , Ruegg Curzi , Stevanovic Milena 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of generating new blood vessels, is essential to embryonic development, organ formation, tissue regeneration and remodeling, reproduction and wound healing. Also, it plays an important role in many pathological conditions, including chronic inflammation and cancer. Angiogenesis is regulated by a complex interplay of growth factors, inflammatory mediators, adhesion molecules, morphogens and guidance molecules. Transcription factor SOX18 is transiently expressed in nascent endothelial cells during embryonic development and postnatal angiogenesis, but little is known about signaling pathways controlling its expression. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pro-angiogenic molecules and pharmacological inhibitors of angiogenesis modulate SOX18 expression in endothelial cells. Therefore, we treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with angiogenic factors, extracellular matrix proteins, inflammatory cytokines and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and monitored SOX18 expression. We have observed that the angiogenic factor VEGF and the inflammatory cytokine TNF increase, while the NSAID ibuprofen and NS398 decrease the SOX18 protein level. These results for the first time demonstrate that SOX18 expression is modulated by factors and drugs known to positively or negatively regulate angiogenesis. This opens the possibility of pharmacological manipulation of SOX18 gene expression in endothelial cells to stimulate or inhibit angiogenesis.
Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy
Authors: Ryskova Lenka , Buchta Vladimir , Slezak Radovan 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PACT) involves the utilisation of photosensitizers activated by exposure to visible light in order to eradicate microbes (this method has already been applied in photodynamic therapy of tumours). Photodynamic effect of the particular photosensitive substance (PS) is attributed to its ability to penetrate susceptible microorganisms, to absorb the light of certain wavelength, and to generate reactive cytotoxic oxygen products. The target microorganisms for photoinactivation are bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy is proposed as a potentially topical, non-invasive approach suitable for treatment of locally occurring infection. The fact that bacteria are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics and antiseptics has lead to an increased interest in the development of new alternative eradication methods, such as PACT. Research and development of photosensitive substances are aimed at finding effective antimicrobial substances, which would have a broad-spectrum potency.
Effects of combining Beauveria bassiana and Nosema pyrausta on the mortality of Ostrinia nubilalis
Authors: Abdel Rahman Khaled , Barta Marek , Cagáň Ľudovít 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We tested the combined effect of the fungus Beauveria bassiana and the microsporidium Nosema pyrausta on the European corn borer larvae, Ostrinia nubilalis, in the laboratory. The first instar of O. nubilalis larvae was the most sensitive to the B. bassiana infection followed by the fifth, second, third, and fourth instar (LC50s were 4.91, 6.67, 7.13, 9.15, and 6.51 × 105 conidia/ml for the first to fifth instars, respectively). Mortality of each instar increases positively with concentration of conidia. When B. bassiana and N. pyrausta were used in combination, mortality increased significantly in all instars. Relative to the B. bassiana treatment alone, the B. bassiana + N. pyrausta treatment decreased the LC50s by 42.16%, 37.63%, 21.60%, 27.11%, and 33.95% for the first to fifth instars, respectively. The combined effects of the two pathogens were mostly additive. However, at the two highest concentrations the pathogens interacted synergistically in the first and second instar. Individuals that survived the B. bassiana and B. bassiana + N. pyrausta treatments and developed into adults had significantly shorter lifespans and females oviposited fewer eggs than non-exposed insects. The effects on the longevity and the egg production were most pronounced at high concentration of B. bassiana conidia.
Hepatectomy for liver metastases from squamous cell laryngeal cancer. Is it worthy?
Authors: Julianov Alexander , Gulubova Maya 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Patients with liver metastases from squamous cell head and neck cancer (SCHNC) are usually treated with chemotherapy and are not evaluated for eventual liver-directed treatment. However, the potential benefits from liver surgery for the patients with hepatic-only metastases from SCHNC generally remain undefined. We report a patient with late liver-only metastases from squamous cell glottic cancer treated with resection of the liver metastases followed by adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy plus cetuximab. The patient died 25 months after resection of the hepatic metastases from widespread hepatic and pulmonary recurrence. The literature data as well as this case demonstrates the capability of liver surgery to prolong survival in patients with hepatic metastases from SCHNC.
La place de l'homme dans la société internationale
Authors: Tiberghien Frédéric 
Published: April 2010

Le thème des droits de l’homme, réapparu à la fin des années 70, a été instrumentalisé par l’Occident, dans les années 80, pour contribuer à la chute du communisme. La valeur universelle de ces droits, quoiqu’en progression, est toujours contestée, en particulier par les pays du Sud. La chute du Mur a toutefois permis de réunifier, dans une même approche, les droits civils et politiques avec les droits économiques et sociaux. La notion de droits de l’homme a gagné en étendue dans les années 90, incorporant des domaines nouveaux comme la protection de l’environnement. Elle a également été déclinée à des groupes ou communautés, sous l’influence d’acteurs nouveaux. La montée en puissance des droits de l’homme s’accompagne d’une ascension du contrôle juridictionnel, gage de leur meilleur respect. Ce dernier reste toutefois limité, faute d’une institution ou d’un cadre juridique mondial chargés d’y veiller.
Réflexions sur une carte du monde mitée
Authors: Chaliand Gérard , Conesa Pierre 
Published: April 2010

Thoughts over a Moth Eaten World Map The geopolitical situation which emerged after the end of the USSR is characterized as much by the American supremacy as by the multiplication of « grey areas » in which crises without any political resolution are occurring and thus are destined to last. They can be classified in two groups : the end of Empires crises, and the death of states little or not colonised. Today, between 300 and 350 millions people are concerned by this situation. As the military supremacy is powerless and the contagion risk small, the western countries have adopted a cold diplomacy, based on the evaluation of risks rather than on the defence of interests, targeted on economic aims more than political ones and with interventions limited to major questions of security and resources. The future one pole world map will thus be scattered with zones of strategic disinterest in lasting crisis.
Les États-Unis : mutation d'une superpuissance dans l'après-guerre froide
Authors: Tessier Manon , Fortmann Michel 
Published: April 2010

Qualifier les États-Unis de superpuissance, dans l’état actuel des choses, s’apparente à un truisme. Cependant, superpuissance n’est pas synonyme d’omnipotence. Depuis la fin de la guerre froide, les États-Unis traversent une phase d’introspection sur la définition de leur puissance et sur les moyens d’en user – dans un contexte planétaire ambiant de montée de l’anti-américanisme. Malgré le fait de posséder la première armée de la planète, les États-Unis n’ont pas, pour autant, la capacité d’imposer leur loi à l’échelle du monde : leur liberté d’action n’est pas absolue mais bridée par des impératifs d’ordre diplomatique, politique et moral. À une époque où les gouvernants américains ont érigé l’autodissuasion en dogme, comment la puissance américaine se répercute-t-elle à la surface du globe ?
Vers une recomposition du paysage stratégique en Asie après les attentats du 11 septembre 2001 ?
Authors: Niquet-Cabestan Valérie 
Published: April 2010

Ces dernières années, l’Asie s’est trouvée déstabilisée par deux crises majeures dont les conséquences se font encore ressentir et qui ont soumis à rudes épreuves ses capacités de réaction. L’épicentre de la première, d’ordre économique, se situait au cœur de la zone de développement asiatique. Celui de la seconde, d’ordre stratégique, se trouve aux États-Unis, loin, en apparence, de la zone considérée. Pourtant, les attaques terroristes qui ont frappé le territoire américain, le 11 septembre 2001, risquent d’avoir d’importantes répercussions en Asie. On pourrait, de ce fait, à la faveur des circonstances récentes, assister à un réinvestissement de la zone par les États-Unis et à une nouvelle mise sous tutelle de l’Asie, qui ne laisseraient qu’une marge de manœuvre très limitée aux autres puissances, et ne pourraient que mettre à mal les aspirations multipolaires.
Les nouveaux objectifs de la Russie au sein de la région Asie-Pacifique
Authors: Mikheev Vassili 
Published: April 2010

Les récentes visites du président russe, Vladimir Poutine, en Chine, en Corée du Nord et du Sud, en Inde, au Japon, en Mongolie et au Viêtnam montrent le regain d’intérêt de la Russie pour la région Asie-Pacifique (RAP). Comme au temps de la guerre froide, la Russie cherche à conserver son prestige politique dans cette région. Or la notion de puissance recouvre aujourd’hui une dimension bien plus économique et financière que militaire. Il est, dès lors, de l’intérêt de la Russie de s’intégrer économiquement dans la RAP. Souffrant d’un profond déséquilibre entre ses parties européenne et orientale, le régionalisme économique semble représenter pour la Russie une perspective de développement économique aux niveaux national et régional. La Russie s’est intéressée à une éventuelle coopération avec ses voisins d’Asie du Nord-Est, mais les questions du financement d’un tel processus et des litiges frontaliers se sont posées. Pourtant, les perspectives d’un marché commun en Asie du Nord-Est pourraient être les prémices de la résolution de ces litiges et d’une coopération en matière énergétique.
Cinq ans de dialogue politique euro-asiatique « asemien »
Authors: Guilbert François 
Published: April 2010

Plus que d’un projet politique construit, les relations euro-asiatiques sont nées d’une intuition – l’Asie devient le « centre » du monde – et d’un espoir secret de rééquilibrer la puissance américaine dans la région. Dans une recherche aussi bien partagée le long des rives du Pacifique que sur les côtes de l’Atlantique, de construire un monde tripolaire, l’ASEM (Rencontre Asie-Europe) apparaît comme un instrument nécessaire... mais insuffisant. Cinq ans après sa création, en 1996, l’ASEM n’en demeure pas moins l’archétype d’un nouveau mode de coopération, susceptible de valoriser les stratégies médianes de l’Union européenne face aux tentatives des États-Unis d’instrumentaliser les États asiatiques.