bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do you like school? Social class, gender, ethnicity and pupils' educational enjoyment
Authors: Stopforth Sarah , Connelly Roxanne , Gayle Vernon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates structural inequalities in educational enjoyment in a contemporary cohort of United Kingdom (UK) primary school children. Foundational studies in the sociology of education consistently indicate that the enjoyment of education is stratified by social class, gender, and ethnicity. Analysing data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, which is a major cohort study that tracks children born at the start of the 21st century, we examine children's enjoyment of both school and individual academic subject areas. The overarching message is that at age 11 most children enjoy their education. The detailed empirical analyses indicate that educational enjoyment is stratified by gender, and there are small differences between ethnic groups. However, there is no convincing evidence of a social class gradient. These results challenge orthodox sociological views on the relationship between structural inequalities and educational enjoyment, and therefore question the existing theoretical understanding of the wider role of enjoyment in education.
Tolerance to environmental pollution in the freshwater crustacean Asellus aquaticus: A role for the microbiome
Authors: Horváthová Terézia , Lafuente Elvira , Bartels Jo‐Anne , Wallisch Jesper , Vorburger Christoph 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFreshwater habitats are frequently contaminated by diverse chemicals of anthropogenic origin, collectively referred to as micropollutants, that can have detrimental effects on aquatic life. The animals' tolerance to micropollutants may be mediated by their microbiome. If polluted aquatic environments select for contaminant‐degrading microbes, the acquisition of such microbes by the host may increase its tolerance to pollution. Here we tested for the potential effects of the host microbiome on the growth and survival of juvenile Asellus aquaticus, a widespread freshwater crustacean. Using faecal microbiome transplants, we provided newly hatched juveniles with the microbiome isolated from donor adults reared in either clean or micropollutant‐contaminated water and, after transplantation, recipient juveniles were reared in water with and without micropollutants. The experiment revealed a significant negative effect of the micropollutants on the survival of juvenile isopods regardless of the received faecal microbiome. The micropollutants had altered the composition of the bacterial component of the donors' microbiome, which in turn influenced the microbiome of juvenile recipients. Hence, we show that relatively high environmental concentrations of micropollutants reduce survival and alter the microbiome composition of juvenile A. aquaticus, but we have no evidence that tolerance to micropollutants is modulated by their microbiome.
Concept analysis of “Insufficient health literacy” in older adults and refinement of a diagnosis proposal
Authors: da Silva Serejo Cardoso Rachel , Santana Rosimere Ferreira , Delphino Tallita Mello , Gomes Brandão Marcos Antônio , de Souza Priscilla Alfradique , Lopes Camila Takáo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to conduct a thorough analysis of the concept of insufficient health literacy (IHL) in older adults and to refine a nursing diagnosis proposal while considering the specific characteristics of this demographic.MethodsA comprehensive concept analysis was undertaken using Walker & Avant's method as a framework.FindingsA systematic search across seventeen databases yielded 29 relevant studies for inclusion. Through analysis, we identified 15 antecedents, 3 attributes, and 7 consequents associated with IHL in older adults.ConclusionsThe concept analysis brought clarity to the understanding of IHL within older adults, facilitating the refinement of a diagnosis proposal. This process was instrumental in establishing a diagnostic structure that accounts for the unique needs and challenges faced by older adults.Implications for nursing practiceThe structured diagnosis derived from the concept analysis provides a solid theoretical foundation for nurses specializing in Gerontology. By tailoring care interventions to address the specific requirements of older adults, this framework enhances the quality of nursing practice and contributes to improved patient outcomes in geriatric care settings.
The role of phacoemulsification surgery in the incidence rate of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Nielsen Birgitte Romme , Alberti Mark , Høgild Morten Lyng , Bek Toke , Thinggaard Benjamin Sommer , Grauslund Jakob , Christensen Ulrik , la Cour Morten 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate changes in the incidence rate of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery over time and to determine to what extent these changes can be attributed to pseudophakia.MethodsThis nationwide cohort study was based on national patient registries. The study population comprised individuals at risk of RRD aged 40 years and above from 2006 to 2021 in Denmark. The primary outcome was RRD incidence, and the exposure was phacoemulsification surgery. A chart review was conducted to validate and examine the lens status of the outcome.ResultsThe crude and age‐adjusted incidence rate of RRD in the Danish population increased significantly during the study period. The largest increase in RRD was seen in phakic RRD (phRRD) (65%), whereas pseudophakic RRD (pRRD) accounted for 35% of the total increase. A chart review revealed that 17% of phRRDs were misclassified as pseudophakic, resulting in pRRD accounting for a total of 45% of the increase in RRD. The prevalence of pseudophakia in Denmark grew significantly for all age groups and for both sexes (p = 10−6) from 2006 to 2021, but the 1‐year incidence of pRRD in the pseudophakic population was constant throughout the entire period.ConclusionThe incidence rate of RRD is continuing to increase in Denmark. The increase in phRRD remains undetermined, and while the risk of pRRD seemed to be constant during the study period, 45% of the overall increase in RRD could be attributed to the rise of a growing pseudophakic population.
Implications of Jatropha curcas L. cake feed on swine health: A microbiota‐gut‐brain axis perspective
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Zhao Hua , Chen Xiaoling , Tian Gang , Liu Guangmang , Cai Jingyi , Jia Gang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe safety of Jatropha curcas L. cake (JCC) in animal feed remains under scrutiny, despite the advent of low phorbol ester (PE) variants. This study investigates the impact of low PE JCC on swine health when used as a protein feed. Pigs were fed a 5% JCC diet with a PE concentration of 0.98 mg/kg, which surprisingly still induced toxicity. Symptoms included depression, decreased food intake, increased diarrhea, along with hypothalamus and colon lesions. The toxicity was associated with a decrease in antioxidant enzymes, an increase in inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus, plasma, and colon, and a rise in pro‐inflammatory colon microbes and metabolites. Disturbances in neurotransmitters further suggest that this toxicity is related to disruption of the microbiota‐gut‐brain axis, indicating that JCC's toxic elements are not solely due to PE. The sensitivity of pigs to JCC underscores the need for thorough detoxification prior to its use as feed. These findings significantly contribute to the discourse on the safety of low PE JCC in animal feed, highlighting implications for both the feed industry and public health.
Flower visitor networks: Reduced reproductive success driven by antagonists in a hummingbird‐pollinated species
Authors: Gélvez‐Zúñiga Irene , Costa Fernanda V. , Teixido Alberto L. , Ashworth Lorena , Aguilar Ramiro , Fernandes G. Wilson 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFlower–animal interactions encompass a continuum of mutualistic to antagonistic behaviors. Although the importance of pollinators in interaction networks has been widely reported, the role of floral antagonists remains overlooked. In Collaea cipoensis, an endemic shrub from southeastern Brazil, we modeled an individual‐based network assessing the flower visitors' functional behavior and tested if plant centrality increases fitness. Centrality indicates how well‐connected a given plant is with the rest of the conspecifics through shared flower visitors. Specifically, we tested if flower visitor interactions are amplified by many‐flowered individuals, and whether the relationship between centrality and plant fitness encompasses the effects of mutualists or antagonists. Subsequently, we quantified each visiting species' effectiveness. Antagonistic interactions were the most frequent in the network (97% of visits), primarily conducted by the nectar‐robbing bee Trigona spinipes (66%), which was also the most central species and detrimental antagonist. The hummingbirds Colibri serrirostris and Eupatomena macroura were the most efficient pollinators, with a high contribution to the quantity—floral visitation—and the quality—viable seeds—components, respectively. Many‐flowered plants showed greater centrality, which boosted the plant's cohesion in the network and increased flower visitation. Accordingly, many‐flowered plants were better connected, mainly due to antagonistic visitors. Thus, centrality increases were not positively translated into more reproductive success. Our results reinforce the dynamic scenarios of flower–animal interactions, with consequences to plant reproductive ecology. We highlight the importance of incorporating distinct types of interactions to unveil the complexity of interacting systems, that when not explored, hide potential evolutionary consequences for plant reproductive success.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Exploring digital biomarkers using smartphones for fatigue assessment in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sakurai Kenzo , Takao Naoki , Nakano Yoko , Imai Takeshi , Isahaya Kenji , Yamano Yoshihisa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe treatment goals for multiple sclerosis (MS) are shifting from relapse inhibition to the improvement of long‐term prognosis and quality of life (QoL). Fatigue reduces QoL in patients with MS. The methods for assessing and treating fatigue, particularly those that are easily applicable in clinical settings remain unestablished. This study aimed to explore and identify digital biomarkers related to fatigue using smartphones.MethodsThe patients with MS attending the Department of Neurology at St. Marianna University School of Medicine (Kanagawa, Japan) were surveyed via mail and responses were obtained online. The survey items included patient background such as age and sex, Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), which is one of the patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) and serves as a questionnaire method for assessing fatigue, as well as self‐assessments of depression, sleep, and pain. Additionally, the number of steps recorded on smartphones was collected as personal health records (PHRs) along with the time spent using smartphones.ResultsOverall, 27 (18 female) participants responded (response rate: 46.6%). The mean age was 41.0 ± 14.6 y and the majority (12 participants) had a disease duration of <5 y. According to self‐assessments, moderate or higher symptoms of depression, sleep disturbances, and pain were observed in 13 participants, 10 participants, and 6 participants, respectively. The daily number of steps ranged from 805 to 15 263 (median of 4514 steps). The number of steps was negatively correlated with FAS (r = −0.47, P = .02), and in cases with any physical disability, the number of steps was negatively correlated with FAS (r = −0.69, n = 0.01).ConclusionThe number of steps automatically measured by smartphones could be a digital biomarker reflecting fatigue in MS patients.
Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes improve neurogenesis and cognitive function of mice with methamphetamine addiction: A novel treatment approach
Authors: Fallahi Solmaz , Zangbar Hamid Soltani , Farajdokht Fereshteh , Rahbarghazi Reza , Ghiasi Fariba , Mohaddes Gisou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMethamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant substance with highly addictive and neurotoxic effects, but no ideal treatment option exists to improve METH‐induced neurocognitive deficits. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)‐derived exosomes have raised many hopes for treating neurodegenerative sequela of brain disorders. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic potential of MSCs‐derived exosomes on cognitive function and neurogenesis of METH‐addicted rodents.MethodsMale BALB/c mice were subjected to chronic METH addiction, followed by intravenous administration of bone marrow MSCs‐derived exosomes. Then, the spatial memory and recognition memory of animals were assessed by the Barnes maze and the novel object recognition test (NORT). The neurogenesis‐related factors, including NeuN and DCX, and the expression of Iba‐1, a microglial activation marker, were assessed in the hippocampus by immunofluorescence staining. Also, the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF‐α and NF‐κB, were evaluated by western blotting.ResultsThe results showed that BMSCs‐exosomes improved the time spent in the target quadrant and correct‐to‐wrong relative time in the Barnes maze. Also, NORT's discrimination index (DI) and recognition index (RI) were improved following exosome therapy. Additionally, exosome therapy significantly increased the expression of NeuN and DCX in the hippocampus while decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF‐α and NF‐κB. Besides, BMSC‐exosomes down‐regulated the expression of Iba‐1.ConclusionOur findings indicate that BMSC‐exosomes mitigated METH‐caused cognitive dysfunction by improving neurogenesis and inhibiting neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
Reframing wildlife disease management problems with decision analysis
Authors: McEachran Margaret C. , Harvey Johanna A. , Mummah Riley O. , Bletz Molly C. , Teitelbaum Claire S. , Rosenblatt Elias , Rudolph F. Javiera , Arce Fernando , Yin Shenglai , Prosser Diann J. , Mosher Brittany A. , Mullinax Jennifer M. , DiRenzo Graziella V. , Couret Jannelle , Runge Michael C. , Grant Evan H. Campbell , Cook Jonathan D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractContemporary wildlife disease management is complex because managers need to respond to a wide range of stakeholders, multiple uncertainties, and difficult trade‐offs that characterize the interconnected challenges of today. Despite general acknowledgment of these complexities, managing wildlife disease tends to be framed as a scientific problem, in which the major challenge is lack of knowledge. The complex and multifactorial process of decision‐making is collapsed into a scientific endeavor to reduce uncertainty. As a result, contemporary decision‐making may be oversimplified, rely on simple heuristics, and fail to account for the broader legal, social, and economic context in which the decisions are made. Concurrently, scientific research on wildlife disease may be distant from this decision context, resulting in information that may not be directly relevant to the pertinent management questions. We propose reframing wildlife disease management challenges as decision problems and addressing them with decision analytical tools to divide the complex problems into more cognitively manageable elements. In particular, structured decision‐making has the potential to improve the quality, rigor, and transparency of decisions about wildlife disease in a variety of systems. Examples of management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, white‐nose syndrome, avian influenza, and chytridiomycosis illustrate the most common impediments to decision‐making, including competing objectives, risks, prediction uncertainty, and limited resources.
Metabolomic signatures of carfilzomib‐related cardiotoxicity in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Shabnaz Samia , Nguyen Trang N. , Williams Roy , Rubinstein Samuel M. , Garrett Timothy J. , Tantawy Marwa , Fradley Michael G. , Alomar Mohammed E. , Shain Kenneth H. , Baz Rachid C. , Lenihan Daniel , Cornell Robert F. , Lu Qing , Gong Yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a treatment for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM), carfilzomib has been associated with a significant risk of cardiovascular adverse events (CVAE). The goals of our study were to evaluate the metabolomic profile of MM patients to identify those at high risk prior to carfilzomib treatment and to explore the mechanisms of carfilzomib‐CVAE to inform potential strategies to protect patients from this cardiotoxicity. Global metabolomic profiling was performed on the baseline and post‐baseline plasma samples of 60 MM patients treated with carfilzomib‐based therapy, including 31 who experienced CVAE, in a prospective cohort study. Baseline metabolites and post‐baseline/baseline metabolite ratios that differ between the CVAE and no‐CVAE patients were identified using unadjusted and adjusted methods. A baseline metabolomic risk score was created to stratify patients. We observed a lower abundance of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (T‐UDCA) in CVAE patients at baseline (odds ratio [OR] = 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21–0.94, p = 0.044) compared with the no‐CVAE patients. A metabolite risk score was able to stratify patients into three risk groups. The area under the receiver‐operating curve of the model with clinical predictors and metabolite risk score was 0.93. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.31–0.87, p = 0.023) was significantly lower in post‐baseline/baseline ratios of CVAE patients compared with no‐CVAE patients. Following metabolomic analysis, we created a baseline metabolite risk score that can stratify MM patients into different risk groups. The result also provided intriguing clues about the mechanism of carfilzomib‐CVAE and potential cardioprotective strategies.
Digital dermatopathology implementation: Experience at a multisite academic institution
Authors: Proffer Sydney L. , Reinhart Jacob , Ridgeway Jennifer L. , Barry Barbara , Kamath Celia , Gerdes Erin Wissler , Todd Austin , Cervenka Derek J. , DiCaudo David J. , Sokumbi Olayemi , Johnson Emma F. , Peters Margot S. , Wieland Carilyn N. , Comfere Nneka I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTechnology has revolutionized not only direct patient care but also diagnostic care processes. This study evaluates the transition from glass‐slide microscopy to digital pathology (DP) at a multisite academic institution, using mixed methods to understand user perceptions of digitization and key productivity metrics of practice change.MethodsParticipants included dermatopathologists, pathology reporting specialists, and clinicians. Electronic surveys and individual or group interviews included questions related to technology comfort, trust in DP, and rationale for DP adoption. Case volumes and turnaround times were abstracted from the electronic health record from Qtr 4 2020 to Qtr 1 2023 (inclusive). Data were analyzed descriptively, while interviews were analyzed using methods of content analysis.ResultsThirty‐four staff completed surveys and 22 participated in an interview. Case volumes and diagnostic turnaround time did not differ across the institution during or after implementation timelines (p = 0.084; p = 0.133, respectively). 82.5% (28/34) of staff agreed that DP improved the sign‐out experience, with accessibility, ergonomics, and annotation features described as key factors. Clinicians reported positive perspectives of DP impact on patient safety and interdisciplinary collaboration.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that DP has a high acceptance rate, does not adversely impact productivity, and may improve patient safety and care collaboration.
Association between two novel anthropometric measures and type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population
Authors: Wang Di , Chen Ziting , Wu Yinru , Ren Jiaojiao , Shen Dong , Hu Guifang , Mao Chen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate the associations of conicity index (C‐index) and relative fat mass (RFM) with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among adults in China.Materials and MethodsA total of 10 813 participants aged over 18 years in Shenzhen Longhua district were enrolled in a follow‐up study conducted from 2018 to 2022. The participants were categorized based on quartiles (Q) of C‐index and RFM. The Cox proportional hazards model was performed to examine the relationships between C‐index, RFM and the risk of T2DM.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounding factors, including age, sex, occupation, marital status, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, hypertension status, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and total cholesterol (TC), both C‐index and RFM showed positive and independent associations with risk of T2DM. The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for T2DM risk in participants in C‐index Q3 and Q4 compared with those in C‐index Q1 were 1.50 (1.12, 2.02) and 1.73 (1.29, 2.30), and 1.94 (1.44, 2.63), 3.18 (1.79, 5.64), 4.91 (2.68, 9.00) for participants in RFM Q2, Q3 and Q4 compared with RFM Q1. These differences were statistically significant (all p < 0.05).ConclusionC‐index and RFM are strongly associated with new‐onset T2DM and could be used to identify the risk of diabetes in large‐scale epidemiological studies.
Long‐term changes in frailty and incident type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study based on the UK Biobank
Authors: Sun Ying , Li Weihao , Zhou Yinuo , Wang Bin , Tan Xiao , Lu Yingli , Zhu Jingjing , Shi Wentao , Wang Ningjian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsTo estimate the association between long‐term changes in frailty and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to evaluate the effect of preventing the worsening of frailty on the risk of T2DM.MethodsWe included 348 205 participants free of baseline T2DM and with frailty phenotype (FP) data from the UK Biobank; among them, 36 175 had at least one follow‐up assessment. According to their FP score, participants were grouped into nonfrailty, prefrailty and frailty groups. Frailty assessed at baseline and at follow‐up was used to derive the trajectory of frailty (ΔFP). Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsCompared with those in the nonfrailty group at baseline, the HRs of T2DM for the prefrailty and frailty groups were 1.38 (95% CI 1.33–1.43) and 1.69 (95% CI 1.59–1.79), respectively (both p < 0.001), in the multivariable‐adjusted model. During a median follow‐up of 5.4 years after the final assessment, data for 472 T2DM patients were recorded. A 1‐point increase in the final FP was associated with a 25% (95% CI 1.14–1.38; p < 0.001) increased risk of T2DM. For the trajectory of frailty, each 0.5‐point/year increase in ΔFP was associated with a 52% (95% CI 1.18–1.97; p < 0.001) greater risk of T2DM, independent of the FP score at baseline. Compared with those that remained in the nonfrailty group, the greatest risk of T2DM over time was prefrailty aggravation (HR 3.03, 95% CI 2.00–4.58; p < 0.001). Using the frailty index did not materially change the results.ConclusionsLong‐term changes in frailty were associated with the risk of incident T2DM, irrespective of baseline frailty status. Preventing the worsening of frailty may reduce T2DM risk.