bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered apolipoprotein E glycosylation is associated with Aβ(42) accumulation in an animal model of Niemann‐Pick Type C disease
Authors: Chua Ching‐Ching , Lim Mei‐Li , Wong Boon‐Seng 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 1619–1626.AbstractNeurodegeneration is the final cause of death in Niemann‐Pick Type C (NPC) disease, a cholesterol‐storage disorder. Accumulating evidence indicates that NPC may share common pathological mechanisms with Alzheimer’s disease, including the link between aberrant cholesterol metabolism and amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is highly expressed in the brain and plays a pivotal role in cholesterol metabolism. ApoE can also modulate Aβ production and clearance, and it is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Although apoE is glycosylated, the functional significance of this chemical alteration on Aβ catabolism is unclear. In this study using an NPC animal model, we detect specific changes in apoE glycosylation that correlate with increased Aβ(42) accumulation prior to the appearance of neurological abnormalities. This suggests that increased apoE expression could be a compensatory response to the increased Aβ(42) deposition in NPCnih mice. We also observe what appears to be a simplification of the glycosylation process on apoE during neurodegeneration.
Corticosterone up‐regulates expression and function of norepinephrine transporter in SK‐N‐BE(2)C cells
Authors: Sun Zhongwen , Fan Yan , Zha Qinqin , Zhu Meng‐Yang 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2010.06587.xAbstractGlucocorticoids affect cellular and molecular events in brains by modulating the expression of many genes during stress. In the present study, we examined the regulatory effect of corticosterone on the expression and function of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) in vitro. The results show that exposure of SK‐N‐BE(2)C cells to corticosterone for 14 days significantly increased mRNA (up to 43%) and protein (up to 71%) levels of NET in the concentration‐dependent manner. Longer exposure (21 days) resulted in greater increases in the levels of mRNAs (up to about 160%) and proteins (up to about 250%) of the NET. The up‐regulatory effect of corticosterone on NET expression lasted a persistent period after cessation of exposure. Associated with the corticosterone‐induced enhancement in NET expression, there was a parallel increase in the uptake of [3H]norepinephrine by SK‐N‐BE(2)C cells. Increased NET expression and function were abolished after exposure of cells to corticosterone in combination with mifepristone or spironolactone, two specific antagonists of corticosteroid receptors. This is consistent with the hypothesis that corticosterone‐induced NET up‐regulation is mediated by corticosteroid receptors. Nevertheless, there was no synergistic effect for a combination of both corticosteroid receptor antagonists. A similar up‐regulation of NET protein levels was also observed after exposing PC12 cells to corticosterone. The present findings demonstrate that corticosterone up‐regulates the expression and function of NET in vitro, indicating the action of corticosterone on the noradrenergic phenotype may play an important role in the correlation between stress and the development of depression.
Ca2+‐dependent reduction of glutamate aspartate transporter GLAST expression in astrocytes by P2X7 receptor‐mediated phosphoinositide 3‐kinase signaling
Authors: Liu Yu‐Peng , Yang Chung‐Shi , Chen Mei‐Chun , Sun Synthia H. , Tzeng Shun‐Fen 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2010.06589.xAbstractAstrocytes are responsible for clearance of extracellular glutamate, primarily through glial‐specific glutamate transporter‐1 and the Na+‐dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST). After traumatic injury to the CNS, such as spinal cord injury, persistent release of ATP from damaged neurons and activated glial cells occurs, inducing detrimental and/or beneficial effects via activation of ionotropic (P2XR) and metabotropic purinergic receptors. In this study, we show a decrease in GLAST mRNA in the lesion center and caudal portions at 24 h post‐spinal cord injury. In an in vitro system, the ability of astrocytes to take up glutamate and astrocytic GLAST mRNA levels were significantly decreased after exposure to ATP and its P2X7R agonist, 2′‐3′‐O‐(4‐benzoylbenzoyl)‐ATP. ATP‐ or 2′‐3′‐O‐(4‐benzoylbenzoyl)‐ATP‐induced inhibitory effect on GLAST mRNA expression was blocked by the irreversible P2X7R blocker, oxidized ATP, or when P2X7R mRNA expression was reduced by the lentivirus‐short hairpin RNA knockdown approach. Furthermore, deletion of the GLAST promoter and RNA decay assays showed that P2X7R signaling triggered post‐transcriptional regulation of GLAST expression via the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase cascade. The signaling pathway participating in the P2X7R effect on GLAST mRNA expression was identified as a Ca2+‐dependent phosphoinositide 3‐kinase‐phospholipase Cγ involving the inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor, calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II, and protein kinase C. We conclude that P2X7R activation by sustained release of ATP in the injured CNS may decrease GLAST mRNA stability via Ca2+‐dependent signaling, suggesting that inhibition of P2X7R may allow for recovery of astrocytic GLAST function and protect neurons from glutamate‐induced excitotoxicity.
Helicobacter pylori cagA Gene Polymorphism Affects the Total Antioxidant Capacity of Human Saliva
Authors: Wnuk Maciej , Myszka Aleksander , Lewinska Anna , Tokarz Iwona , Solarska Katarzyna , Bartosz Grzegorz 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground:  We aimed to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva in healthy Helicobacter pylori‐positive and negative saliva individuals.Materials and Methods:  A total of 102 human saliva samples were checked for the presence of H. pylori DNA (ureA and cagA gene fragments).TAC of saliva was estimated by ABTS radical cation (ABTS?+) decolorization assay.Results:  PCR analysis revealed that 36 subjects were ureA‐/cagA‐, 24 were ureA+/cagA‐ and 42 were ureA+/cagA+. Smoking habits had no evident effect on H. pylori infection.We found that TAC of the ureA‐/cagA‐ material, after 10 seconds reaction reflecting fast‐reacting antioxidants, was significantly higher than of ureA+/cagA‐ and ureA+/cagA+ samples (p < .01 and p < .001, respectively). Similar results were obtained for reaction time of 3 minutes measuring slow‐reacting antioxidants (p < .001). We also estimated ureA+/cagA‐ and ureA+/cagA+ samples alone and reported a statistically significant decrease in the TAC3min value of ureA+/cagA+ compared with ureA+/cagA‐ samples (p < .05).Conclusions:  Our data demonstrated that altered redox equilibrium may be associated with more frequent occurrence of H. pylori in the saliva samples.
Guidelines for the Management ofHelicobacter pyloriInfection in Japan: 2009 Revised Edition
Authors: Asaka Masahiro , Kato Mototsugu , Takahashi Shin‐ichi , Fukuda Yoshihiro , Sugiyama Toshiro , Ota Hiroyoshi , Uemura Naomi , Murakami Kazunari , Satoh Kiichi , Sugano Kentaro 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground: Over the past few years, the profile ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection has changed in Japan. In particular, the relationship betweenH. pyloriand gastric cancer has been demonstrated more clearly. Accordingly, the committee of the Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research has revised the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment ofH. pyloriinfection in Japan.Materials and Methods: Four meetings of guidelines preparation committee were held from July 2007 to December 2008. In the new guidelines, recommendations for treatment have been classified into five grades according to the Minds Recommendation Grades, while the level of evidence has been classified into six grades. The Japanese national health insurance system was not taken into consideration when preparing these guidelines.Results: Helicobacter pylorieradication therapy achieved a Grade A recommendation, being useful for the treatment of gastric or duodenal ulcer, for the treatment and prevention ofH. pylori‐associated diseases such as gastric cancer, and for inhibiting the spread ofH. pyloriinfection. Levels of evidence were determined for each disease associated withH. pyloriinfection. For the diagnosis ofH. pyloriinfection, measurement ofH. pyloriantigen in the feces was added to the tests not requiring biopsy. One week of proton‐pump inhibitor‐based triple therapy (including amoxicillin and metronidazole) was recommended as second‐line therapy after failure of first‐line eradication therapy.Conclusion: The revised Japanese guidelines forH. pyloriare based on scientific evidence and avoid the administrative restraints that applied to earlier versions.
The Epilepsy Genetic Association Database (epiGAD): Analysis of 165 genetic association studies, 1996–2008
Authors: Tan Nigel C. K. , Berkovic Samuel F. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryWe have created the Epilepsy Genetic Association Database (epiGAD, http://www.epigad.org, an online database of epilepsy genetic association studies. A systematic search using several search engines identified 165 studies. Herein we analyze the types of studies available, the sample sizes used, and the strength of the findings. Common questions examined were susceptibility to idiopathic generalized epilepsy, focal epilepsy, or febrile seizures, and pharmacogenomic approaches to drug‐resistant epilepsy. Sample sizes were generally small; 80% of studies had 200 or fewer cases, although more recent studies published from 2005–2008 incorporated slightly larger sample sizes. No association was judged as “strong” using current criteria for assessing genetic associations—this is probably due to inadequate sample sizes. Sample sizes need to increase, either by research collaboration or via systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. We believe epiGAD will facilitate future meta‐analyses.
New open‐source ictal SPECT analysis method implemented in BioImage Suite
Authors: Scheinost Dustin , Teisseyre Thomas Z. , Distasio Marcello , DeSalvo Matthew N. , Papademetris Xenophon , Blumenfeld Hal 
Published: January 2010

SummaryIctal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a powerful tool for noninvasive seizure localization, but it has been underutilized because of practical challenges, including difficulty in implementing ictal‐interictal SPECT difference analysis. We previously validated a freely available utility for this purpose, ictal‐interictal subtraction analysis by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) (ISAS). To further simplify and improve the difference imaging technique, we now compare a new algorithm, ISAS BioImage Suite (see http://spect.yale.edu and http://bioimagesuite.org), to the original ISAS method in 13 patients with known seizure localization. We found that ISAS BioImage Suite was in agreement with the original algorithm in all cases for which ISAS correctly identified a single unambiguous region of seizure onset. We also tested for possible effects of scan‐order bias in the control group used for the analysis and found no significant effect on the results. These findings establish a simple, validated and objective method for analyzing ictal‐interictal SPECT difference images for use in the care of patients with epilepsy.
Alcohol consumption, unprovoked seizures, and epilepsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Samokhvalov Andriy V. , Irving Hyacinth , Mohapatra Satya , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: January 2010

SummaryPurpose: The purpose of this research was to analyze and quantify the association between alcohol consumption and epilepsy as an independent disease, in part operationalized by the occurrence of unprovoked seizures, as well as to examine causality.Methods: Systematic review, meta‐analysis.Results: A strong and consistent association between alcohol consumption and epilepsy/unprovoked seizures was found with an overall relative risk (RR) of 2.19 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83–2.63]. There was a dose–response relationship between the amount of alcohol consumed daily and the probability of the onset of epilepsy. Individuals consuming an average of four, six, and eight drinks daily had RRs of 1.81 (95% CI 1.59–2.07), 2.44 (95% CI 2.00–2.97), and 3.27 (95% CI 2.52–4.26), respectively, compared to nondrinkers. Several pathogenic mechanisms for the development of epilepsy in alcohol users were identified. Most of the relevant studies found that a high percentage of alcohol users with epilepsy would qualify for the criteria of alcohol dependence. Data were inconclusive regarding a threshold for the effect of alcohol, but most studies suggest that the effect may only hold for heavy drinking (four and more drinks daily).Discussion: The relationship between alcohol consumption and epilepsy and unprovoked seizures was quantified and several pathogenic mechanisms were suggested, although none of them has been proven to be the unique causative pathway for epilepsy. Certain limitations underlying this study require further research to clarify the outstanding statistical issues and pathogenesis of epilepsy in heavy drinkers.
Visual field deficits following anterior temporal lobectomy: Long‐term follow‐up and prognostic implications
Authors: Yam Debbie , Nicolle David , Steven David A. , Lee Donald , Hess Tiiu , Burneo Jorge G. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryPurpose:  The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of mild (≤90°) versus severe (>90° from vertical) visual field defects (VFDs) in patients after anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL), and their postoperative improvement over time.Methods:  The angles of postoperative VFDs of 75 patients who underwent ATL were recorded at various time points (1, 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36+ months).Results:  Of all 23 patients who came in for their <1 month postoperative appointment, 65% of patients had surgically induced VFDs <90°, whereas 35% had VFDs >90° postoperatively. Patients in the latter group were reported for suspension of their driver’s license. However, 38% experienced improvement of their VFD to <90° such that their driver’s license could be reinstated. Of patients with any VFD, 18–30% improved on average by a magnitude of 38° within the first year postoperatively.Discussion:  Although 35% of the VFDs that occur following temporal lobe surgery are severe, approximately 38% of these patients (especially those with starting postoperative VFDs closer to the 90° angle) experience some improvement shortly after surgery. This may increase their chances of having their driver’s license reinstated.
Pattern of P450 expression at the human blood–brain barrier: Roles of epileptic condition and laminar flow
Authors: Ghosh Chaitali , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge , Hossain Mohammed , Cucullo Luca , Fazio Vincent , Janigro Damir , Marchi Nicola 
Published: January 2010

SummaryPurpose: P450 enzymes (CYPs) play a major role in hepatic drug metabolism. It is unclear whether these enzymes are functionally expressed by the diseased human blood–brain barrier (BBB) and are involved in local drug metabolism or response. We have evaluated the cerebrovascular CYP expression and function, hypothesizing possible implication in drug‐resistant epilepsy.Methods: CYP P450 transcript levels were assessed by cDNA microarray in primary endothelial cultures established from a cohort of brain resections (n = 12, drug‐resistant epilepsy EPI‐EC and aneurism domes ANE‐EC). A human brain endothelial cell line (HBMEC) andnon‐brain endothelial cell line (HUVEC) were used as controls. The effect of exposure to shear stress on CYP expression was evaluated. Results were confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry on brain specimens. Endothelial drug metabolism was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC‐UV).Results: cDNA microarray showed the presence of CYP enzymes in isolated human primary brain endothelial cells. Using EPI‐EC and HBMEC we found that CYP mRNA levels were significantly affected by exposure to shear stress. CYP3A4 protein was overexpressed in EPI‐EC (290 ± 30%) compared to HBMEC and further upregulated by shear stress exposure. CYP3A4 was increased in the vascular compartment at regions of reactive gliosis in the drug‐resistant epileptic brain. Metabolism of carbamazepine was significantly elevated in EPI‐EC compared to HBMEC.Discussion: These results support the hypothesis of local drug metabolism at the diseased BBB. The direct association between BBB CYP enzymes and the drug‐resistant phenotype needs to be further investigated.
False Discoveries in Mutual Fund Performance: Measuring Luck in Estimated Alphas
Authors: BARRAS LAURENT , SCAILLET OLIVIER , WERMERS RUSS 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper develops a simple technique that controls for “false discoveries,” or mutual funds that exhibit significant alphas by luck alone. Our approach precisely separates funds into (1) unskilled, (2) zero‐alpha, and (3) skilled funds, even with dependencies in cross‐fund estimated alphas. We find that 75% of funds exhibit zero alpha (net of expenses), consistent with the Berk and Green equilibrium. Further, we find a significant proportion of skilled (positive alpha) funds prior to 1996, but almost none by 2006. We also show that controlling for false discoveries substantially improves the ability to find the few funds with persistent performance.
Individualism and Momentum around the World
Authors: CHUI ANDY C.W. , TITMAN SHERIDAN , WEI K.C. JOHN 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper examines how cultural differences influence the returns of momentum strategies. Cross‐country cultural differences are measured with an individualism index developed by Hofstede (2001), which is related to overconfidence and self‐attribution bias. We find that individualism is positively associated with trading volume and volatility, as well as to the magnitude of momentum profits. Momentum profits are also positively related to analyst forecast dispersion, transaction costs, and the familiarity of the market to foreigners, and negatively related to firm size and volatility. However, the addition of these and other variables does not dampen the relation between individualism and momentum profits.
Prevalence of periodontal disease and treatment demands based on a German dental survey (DMS IV)
Authors: Holtfreter Birte , Kocher Thomas , Hoffmann Thomas , Desvarieux Moise , Micheelis Wolfgang 
Published: January 2010

Holtfreter B, Kocher T, Hoffmann T, Desvarieux M, Micheelis W. Prevalence of periodontal disease and treatment demands based on a German dental survey (DMS IV). J Clin Periodontol 2010. 37: 211–219. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2009.01517.x.AbstractAim: We assessed the prevalence and extent of periodontitis in Germany. Furthermore, region‐ and gender‐specific differences in periodontal disease prevalence were evaluated.Material and Methods: The fourth German Dental Health Survey is a national cross‐sectional survey conducted in 2005. Nine hundred and twenty‐five adults (35–44 years) and 1040 seniors (65–74 years) were examined. The survey comprised social‐ and health‐related interviews and dental examinations. Probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were assessed at three sites at 12 index teeth.Results: Prevalence of CAL3 mm was found in 95.0% in adults and 99.2% in seniors with 68.7% and 91.4% of teeth being affected, respectively. PD4 mm was prevalent in 76.9% and 87.7% in both age groups, respectively. According to the CDC definition considering mesiobuccal and distolingual sites, prevalence of periodontitis was 70.9% and 87.4% in both age cohorts, with one‐fourth and one‐half presenting severe forms, respectively. Periodontal prevalence was significantly higher in male subjects and East German subjects.Conclusions: Periodontitis was highly prevalent in German adults. To reduce periodontal burden, treatment of periodontal diseases and continuous maintenance should become an integral part in dental practice. Furthermore, health recommendations should be implemented at the community, professional, and individual level.
Productivity and energy partition of late lactation dairy cows during heat exposure
Authors: KIM Kyoung Hoon , KIM Do‐Hyung , OH Young‐Kyoon , LEE Sung‐Sill , LEE Hyun‐Jeong , KIM Dong‐Woon , SEOL Yong‐Joo , KIMURA Nobuhiro 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThree late‐lactation Holstein cows were used to determine the effects of environmental temperature on performance and energy partitioning. Each cow was housed in a respiratory chamber for 30 consecutive days and exposed to three different conditions of environmental temperature: (i) 20°C and 20°C (20°C), (ii) 25°C and 20°C (25°C), (iii) 30°C and 25°C (30°C) during the day and night, respectively. The temperature was switched in an interval of 10 days. Humidity in the chamber was maintained at 55–65% through the entire experimental period. The daily mean as well as morning and evening rectal temperatures of Holstein cows increased linearly (P < 0.05) as chamber temperature increased. There was a significant linear reduction in dry matter (DM) intake (P < 0.05) and an increase in DM digestibility (P < 0.05). The response in milk yield, however, was not affected by heat stress. There were no significant differences among treatments for intake energy, heat production, net energy for lactation and net energy for gain. This results of this study disagreed with the assumption that late lactation cows gave priority to increasing body tissue at the expense of milk production under thermal stress.
Migration, Diet, or Molt? Interpreting Stable‐Hydrogen Isotope Values in Neotropical Bats
Authors: Fraser Kevin C. , McKinnon Emily A. , Diamond Antony W. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTMigratory behavior in bats is poorly described, particularly in the Neotropics. Stable‐hydrogen isotope (δD) analysis may allow tracking of altitudinal movements of bats but has not been explored. δD values in rainwater (δDp) deplete linearly with altitude and are reflected in the keratinous tissues of animals through diet. A mismatch between keratin δD (δDk) and that expected at the capture site based on δDp can indicate prior migration. We collected rainwater, claws and hair from eight bat species at two lower‐montane forest sites in Nicaragua. Claw δD for Carollia brevicauda and hair and claws for Desmodus rotundus (known to be non‐migratory) fell within the predicted range based on rainwater (−17 to −60‰) suggesting these tissues were synthesized at the study site. δD tissue values for Artibeus toltecus, Sturnira lilium, Glossophaga soricina, Anoura geoffroyi, and hair for C. brevicauda were more negative than predicted for the capture site (−60‰) suggesting tissue synthesis at higher elevation and migration downslope to the capture site. However, our study area represents the highest elevation in the region; the nearest appropriate higher elevations are 350–500 km away and seasonal migration is expected to be<200 km. Thus we consider that seasonal shifts in δDp (9 to −45‰) may result in differences in species which molt at different times, and that diet may have driven differences in δD. Our results suggest that the effects of molt timing and diet may first need to be understood before δD may be successfully used to track bat movements.