bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orographic influence of east Greenland on a polar low over the Denmark Strait
Authors: Kristjánsson Jón Egill , Thorsteinsson Sigurdur , Kolstad Erik W. , Blechschmidt Anne‐Marlene 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe present a numerical study of a polar low which hit western Iceland in January 2007, with heavy snowfall and mean wind speeds exceeding 20 m s−1 in several locations. The operational models at the time captured the polar low formation rather well, but there was a large spread in their predictions of the subsequent evolution and track of the polar low. The objective of this study is to investigate possible orographic forcing from Greenland as a trigger for the polar low development. In addition to an analysis of surface observations and satellite imagery, sensitivity studies using HIRLAM were carried out with various degradations of Greenland's orography, as well as with modifications to the sea‐surface temperature (SST), surface roughness and the data assimilation scheme. Despite the presence of an upper‐level trough and weak static stability in all the simulations, the polar low development was found to be very sensitive to the presence of the high mountains of eastern Greenland. Whereas the control run captured well the main features of the polar low, simulations with parts of east Greenland's orography removed gave a southward‐displaced polar low which moved rapidly eastward, resulting in substantially underestimated near‐surface winds and snowfall amounts. Setting the orographic heights over all of Greenland to zero led to the complete disappearance of the polar low. On the other hand, artificially increasing the SST by 4 K in the Denmark Strait, reducing the orographic roughness or replacing the four‐dimensional variational assimilation scheme (4D‐Var) by 3D‐Var had only a small effect on the polar low. We suggest that hitherto unreported interactions between the high mountains of east Greenland and polar low development over the Denmark Strait may be more important for polar low formation than katabatic flow from valleys in east Greenland that was highlighted in earlier studies. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
A LIDAR‐DERIVED EVALUATION OF WATERSHED‐SCALE LARGE WOODY DEBRIS SOURCES AND RECRUITMENT MECHANISMS: COASTAL MAINE, USA
Authors: Kasprak A. , Magilligan F. J. , Nislow K. H. , Snyder N. P. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTIn‐channel large woody debris (LWD) promotes quality aquatic habitat through sediment sorting, pool scouring and in‐stream nutrient retention and transport. LWD recruitment occurs by numerous ecological and geomorphic mechanisms including channel migration, mass wasting and natural tree fall, yet LWD sourcing on the watershed scale remains poorly constrained. We developed a rapid and spatially extensive method for using light detection and ranging data to do the following: (i) estimate tree height and recruitable tree abundance throughout a watershed; (ii) determine the likelihood for the stream to recruit channel‐spanning trees at reach scales and assess whether mass wasting or channel migration is a dominant recruitment mechanism; and (iii) understand the contemporary and future distribution of LWD at a watershed scale. We utilized this method on the 78‐km‐long Narraguagus River in coastal Maine and found that potential channel‐spanning LWD composes approximately 6% of the valley area over the course of the river and is concentrated in spatially discrete reaches along the stream, with 5 km of the river valley accounting for 50% of the total potential LWD found in the system. We also determined that 83% of all potential LWD is located on valley sides, as opposed to 17% on floodplain and terrace surfaces. Approximately 3% of channel‐spanning vegetation along the river is located within one channel width of the stream. By examining topographic and morphologic variables (valley width, channel sinuosity, valley‐side slope) over the length of the stream, we evaluated the dominant recruitment processes along the river and often found a spatial disconnect between the location of potential channel‐spanning LWD and recruitment mechanisms, which likely explains the low levels of LWD currently found in the system. This rapid method for identification of LWD sources is extendable to other basins and may prove valuable in locating future restoration projects aimed at increasing habitat quality through wood additions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Women in Midlife: Stress, Health and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Darling Carol A. , Coccia Catherine , Senatore Natalie 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMidlife is filled with challenges and unique stressors for women, which necessitate a greater understanding of the factors that influence their life satisfaction. This study examined the relationship of family strains/changes and weight to life satisfaction, as mediated by family coping, physical activity, sleep and health stress. The findings indicated that women in midlife, who experienced more stressful life changes and had higher body mass index scores, slept fewer hours and had greater health stress, which resulted in lower life satisfaction. These results have implications for family health professionals and programmes that deal with family and health problems, including sleep, weight and stress. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Test Anxiety and Cardiovascular Responses to Daily Academic Stressors
Authors: Conley Kristen M. , Lehman Barbara J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRoutine academic events may cause stress and produce temporary elevations in blood pressure. Students who experience test anxiety may be especially prone to cardiovascular activation in response to academic stress. This study drew on self‐reported stress and ambulatory blood pressure measurements provided by 99 undergraduate participants (30% men, mean age = 21 years) who participated over 4 days. Posture, activity level, recent consumption and the previous same‐day reading were considered as covariates in a series of hierarchical linear models. Results indicate elevations in systolic blood pressure at times of acute academic stressors; neither diastolic blood pressure nor heart rate was linked with academic stress. In addition, those participants higher in test anxiety exhibited especially pronounced elevations in systolic blood pressure during times of acute academic stress. This research suggests that everyday academic stressors are linked with temporary increases in blood pressure and that test anxiety may contribute to these elevations. Test anxiety has implications for future academic and job success, and cardiovascular responses to everyday stress may contribute to health problems later in life. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis on Non‐Uniform Gas Flow in Blast Furnace Based on DEM‐CFD Combined Model
Authors: Natsui Shungo , Ueda Shigeru , Nogami Hiroshi , Kano Junya , Inoue Ryo , Ariyama Tatsuro 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBlast furnace technology is currently aiming at low reducing agent operation so as to decrease CO2 emissions. At the same time, the inner volume of blast furnaces has frequently been enlarged so as to increase production rate in some countries, including Japan. Operating conditions designed for low reducing agent in a large blast furnace tend to cause unfavorable phenomena such as slipping of the burden and gas channeling due to the decrease in coke rate. Mathematical models help to clarify the in‐furnace phenomena under these situations.From the above backgrounds, a new model has been developed that combines Discrete Element Method with Computational Fluid Dynamics (DEM‐CFD) to simulate precisely the gas flow and solid motion in a blast furnace. The present study aimed to develop a three‐dimensional mathematical model based on DEM‐CFD for simultaneous analysis of gas and solid flow in the whole blast furnace. The unbalanced gas flow in the case of clogging of the particular tuyere was analyzed to clarify the circumferential unevenness in the lower part of the blast furnace. Based on the combined DEM with CFD model, the non‐uniform gas flow in the lower part of the blast furnace was precisely evaluated.
Functional assessment of the fetal heart: a review
Authors: Godfrey M. E. , Messing B. , Cohen S. M. , Valsky D. V. , Yagel S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to evaluate the current modalities available for the assessment of fetal cardiac function. The unique anatomy and physiology of the fetal circulation are described, with reference to the difference between @ in‐utero and @ ex‐utero life. M‐mode, early/atrial ratio, myocardial performance index, three‐dimensional and four‐dimensional ultrasound, tissue Doppler including strain and strain rate, speckle tracking, magnetic resonance imaging and venous flow assessment are described. The modalities are analyzed from the perspective of the clinician and certain questions are posed. Does the modality assess systolic function, diastolic function or both? Is it applicable to both ventricles? Does it require extensive post‐processing or additional hardware, or does it make use of technology already available to the average practitioner? The reproducibility and reliability of the techniques are evaluated, with reference to their utility in clinical decision‐making. Finally, directions for future research are proposed. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of anterior cingulate cortex produces inhibitory effects on noxious mechanical and electrical stimuli‐evoked responses in rat spinal WDR neurons
Authors: Mal Jiu‐Hong , Xiaol Tie‐Hui , Changl Chong‐Wang , Gaol Li , Wangl Xue‐Lian , Gaol Guo‐Dong , Yul Yao‐Qing 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn present study, in vivo electrophysiological techniques were applied to examine the effects of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activation on mechanical and electrical stimuli‐evoked responses in rat spinal cord wide‐dynamic‐range (WDR) neurons. We found that bilateral ACC electrical stimulation (100 Hz, 20 V, 20 s) had different effects on neuronal responses to brush, pressure and pinch stimuli (10 s). The brush‐evoked neuronal responses at baseline, post 1 min and post 5 min were 60.8±15.0, 59.2±15.4 and 60.0±19.3 spikes/10 s, respectively (n =10, P >0.05 vs. baseline). The pressure‐evoked neuronal responses at baseline, post 1 min and post 5 min were 77.8±11.9, 38.0±7.8 and 45.8±7.6 spikes/10 s, respectively (n =10, P <0.05 vs. baseline). The pinch‐evoked neuronal responses at baseline, post 1 min and post 5 min were 137.6±16.7, 62.6±17.5 and 68.8±15.0 spikes/10 s, respectively (n =10, P <0.05 vs. baseline). Furthermore, ACC stimulation generated distinct effects on the different components of wind‐up response. The total numbers of late response (LR) and after‐discharge (AD), but not early response (ER), significantly decreased. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that short‐term ACC activation could generate long‐term inhibitory effects on the responses of WDR neurons to noxious mechanical (pressure and pinch) and electrical stimuli. The results indicated that ACC activation could negatively regulate noxious information ascending from spinal cord with long‐term effect, providing potential neuronal substrate for the modulation of ACC activation on nociception.
A loess–paleosol record of climate and glacial history over the past two glacial–interglacial cycles (~ 150 ka), southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming
Authors: Pierce Kenneth L. , Muhs Daniel R. , Fosberg Maynard A. , Mahan Shannon A. , Rosenbaum Joseph G. , Licciardi Joseph M. , Pavich Milan J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLoess accumulated on a Bull Lake outwash terrace of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 6 (MIS 6) age in southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming. The 9 m section displays eight intervals of loess deposition (Loess 1 to Loess 8, oldest), each followed by soil development. Our age-depth model is constrained by thermoluminescence, meteoric 10Be accumulation in soils, and cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure ages. We use particle size, geochemical, mineral-magnetic, and clay mineralogical data to interpret loess sources and pedogenesis. Deposition of MIS 6 loess was followed by a tripartite soil/thin loess complex (Soils 8, 7, and 6) apparently reflecting the large climatic oscillations of MIS 5. Soil 8 (MIS 5e) shows the strongest development. Loess 5 accumulated during a glacial interval (~ 76–69 ka; MIS 4) followed by soil development under conditions wetter and probably colder than present. Deposition of thick Loess 3 (~ 43–51 ka, MIS 3) was followed by soil development comparable with that observed in Soil 1. Loess 1 (MIS 2) accumulated during the Pinedale glaciation and was followed by development of Soil 1 under a semiarid climate. This record of alternating loess deposition and soil development is compatible with the history of Yellowstone vegetation and the glacial flour record from the Sierra Nevada.
Pitfalls in the management of monaural deafness
Authors: Feng Y-M , Wu Y-Q , Zhou H-Q , Shi H-B 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:We report a patient who underwent cochlear implantation in an ear with long-term deafness, after an acoustic neuroma had been removed surgically from the other, hitherto good ear and the cochlear nerve had subsequently been resected to relieve severe tinnitus.Method:Case report.Results:The patient could not tolerate the cochlear implant, because of a moderate headache due to the stimulation level necessary for environmental sound discrimination.Conclusion:Cochlear implantation in patients with long-term deafness should be considered carefully, even if deafness is monaural.
Tiberius and the Heavenly Twins
Authors: Champlin Edward 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper aims to illustrate the practical application of myth in public life under the early Principate. It begins by sketching the deep historical affection of the people of Rome for the twins Castor and Pollux, and the great posthumous popularity of Nero Claudius Drusus for generations after his death in 9b.c. Concentrating on the dedicatory inscription of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in Rome, the paper argues that Tiberius Caesar, notoriously addicted to mythology, crafted a potent public association between the heavenly twins and himself and his brother Drusus, and it goes on to examine the effect of that association.
Can RoTEM®analysis be applied for haemostatic monitoring in paediatric congenital heart surgery?
Authors: Andreasen Jo Bønding , Hvas Anne-Mette , Christiansen Kirsten , Ravn Hanne Berg 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful management of bleeding disorders after congenital heart surgery requires detection of specific coagulation disturbances. Whole-blood rotation thromboelastometry (RoTEM®) provides continuous qualitative haemostatic profiles, and the technique has shown promising results in adult cardiac surgery.SettingTo compare the performance of RoTEM®with that of conventional coagulation tests in children, we conducted a descriptive study in children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery. For that purpose, 60 children were enrolled and had blood samples taken before, immediately after, and 1 day after surgery. Conventional coagulation tests included: activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer, thrombin clotting time, factor XIII, and platelet count.ResultsPost-surgical haemostatic impairment was present to some degree in all children, as seen by pronounced changes in activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, thrombin clotting time, and platelet count, as well as RoTEM®analysis. RoTEM®showed marked changes in clotting time – prolonged by 7–18% – clot formation time – prolonged by 46–71% – maximum clot firmness – reduced by 10–19%, and maximum velocity – reduced by 29–39%. Comparison of the two techniques showed that conventional coagulation tests and RoTEM®performed equally well with regard to negative predictive values for excessive post-operative drain production – more than 20 millilitres per kilogram per 24 hours after surgery – with an area under the curve of approximately 0.65.ConclusionRoTEM®can detect haemostatic impairments in children undergoing cardiac surgery and the method should be considered as a supplement in the perioperative care of the children where targeted transfusion therapy is necessary to avoid volume overload.
Severe physical violence between intimate partners during pregnancy: a risk factor for early cessation of exclusive breast-feeding
Authors: Moraes Claudia L , de Oliveira Alessandra SD , Reichenheim Michael E , Lobato Gustavo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the role of severe physical violence during pregnancy (SPVP) between intimate partners in early cessation of exclusive breast-feeding (EBF).DesignA health services survey. The revised Conflict Tactics Scale was used to characterize SPVP; premature breast-feeding cessation was identified using a current status data approach, which was based on the information reported from food recall during the preceding 7 d. The cumulative hazard function was estimated by complementary log–log transformation models, which allowed the ensuing estimation of early breast-feeding cessation rates in different age groups and the ratio of rates of weaning between women exposed and not exposed to violence.SettingFive large public primary health-care facilities of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.SubjectsThe sample comprised 811 randomly selected mothers of children under 5 months of age who were waiting to be consulted.ResultsSPVP is an independent risk factor of cessation of EBF since, after controlling for socio-economic, demographic, reproductive and lifestyle variables, women exposed to violence presented an incidence density that was 31 % higher than those who were not exposed (hazard ratio = 1·30, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·69).ConclusionsThe findings corroborate the hypothesis that SPVP is an important risk factor for EBF. This indicates the need for incentives to adequately train health-care personnel in dealing with lactating women in order to gain a broader view of breast-feeding beyond the biological aspects of lactation, including the maternal psychological dimension.
Parental eating attitudes and indicators of healthy eating in a longitudinal randomized dietary intervention trial (the STRIP study)
Authors: Talvia Sanna , Räsänen Leena , Lagström Hanna , Anglè Susanna , Hakanen Maarit , Aromaa Minna , Sillanmäki Lauri , Saarinen Maiju , Simell Olli 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effects of child-oriented dietary intervention on parental eating attitudes and dietary behaviour.DesignIn the prospective, randomized Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project for Children (the STRIP study), a cohort of Finnish families took part in a nutritional intervention trial focused on the quality of their children's fat intake since the age of 8 months. Health-related and hedonic eating attitudes of the parents were measured after 10 years of dietary intervention using a validated Health and Taste Attitude Scales (HTAS) questionnaire (n 660). Parents’ eating behaviour was studied using a 1 d food record (n 491).SettingFinland.SubjectsMothers and fathers (n 660) of the STRIP children.ResultsThe parents of the intervention families had a higher level of interest in healthy eating compared with control parents. The interest in natural products or hedonic eating attitudes did not differ between the groups. The parents’ general health interest was associated with low saturated fat intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, fibre intake and seeking pleasure in eating, but it was not associated with BMI. The intervention also improved the quality of dietary fat among parents with the lowest level of interest in healthy eating.ConclusionsParents’ general health interest was associated with regular dietary counselling as well as with healthier food choice behaviour. However, the dietary intervention that focused especially on the quality of the child's fat intake also enhanced specific changes in the family's fat consumption without a high level of interest in healthy eating.
Apolar surface area determines the efficiency of translocon-mediated membrane-protein integration into the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Öjemalm Karin , Higuchi Takashi , Jiang Yang , Langel Ülo , Nilsson IngMarie , White Stephen H. , Suga Hiroaki , von Heijne Gunnar 
Published: May 2011

Integral membrane proteins are integrated cotranslationally into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum in a process mediated by the Sec61 translocon. Transmembrane α-helices in a translocating polypeptide chain gain access to the surrounding membrane through a lateral gate in the wall of the translocon channel [van den Berg B, et al. (2004)
Nature
427:36–44; Zimmer J, et al. (2008)
Nature
455:936–943; Egea PF, Stroud RM (2010)
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
107:17182–17187]. To clarify the nature of the membrane-integration process, we have measured the insertion efficiency into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of model hydrophobic segments containing nonproteinogenic aliphatic and aromatic amino acids. We find that an amino acid’s contribution to the apparent free energy of membrane-insertion is directly proportional to the nonpolar accessible surface area of its side chain, as expected for thermodynamic partitioning between aqueous and nonpolar phases. But unlike bulk-phase partitioning, characterized by a nonpolar solvation parameter of 23 cal/(mol·
Å
2
), the solvation parameter for transfer from translocon to bilayer is 6–10 cal/(mol·
Å
2
), pointing to important differences between translocon-guided partitioning and simple water-to-membrane partitioning. Our results provide compelling evidence for a thermodynamic partitioning model and insights into the physical properties of the translocon.
Recognition of the centromere-specific histone Cse4 by the chaperone Scm3
Authors: Cho Uhn-Soo , Harrison Stephen C. 
Published: May 2011

A specialized nucleosome is a component of all eukaryotic kinetochores. The core of this nucleosome contains a centromere-specific histone, CENP-A (the Cse4 gene product in budding yeast), instead of the usual H3. Assembly of a centromeric nucleosome depends on a specific chaperone, called Scm3 in yeast and HJURP in higher eukaryotes. We describe here the structure of a complex formed by an N-terminal fragment of Scm3 with the histone-fold domains of Cse4, and H4, all prepared as recombinant proteins derived from the budding yeast
Kluyveromyces lactis
. The contacts of Scm3 with Cse4 explain its selectivity for the centromere-specific histone; key residues at the interface are conserved in HJURP, indicating a common mechanism for centromeric-histone deposition. We also report the structure of a (Cse4 : H4)
2
heterotetramer; comparison with the structure of the Scm3:Cse4:H4 complex shows that tetramer formation and DNA-binding require displacement of Scm3 from the nucleosome core. The two structures together suggest that specific contacts between the chaperone and Cse4, rather than an altered overall structure of the nucleosome core, determine the selective presence of Cse4 at centromeres.