bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The high energy spaceborne all-solid-state lasers based on fluid-loop cooling system
Authors: Song Tieqiang , Wan Yuan , Zhang Xin , Meng Jie , Liu Jiqiao , Zang Huaguo , Liu Chunlai , Fang Su , Hou Xia , Chen Weibiao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate a 532.2 nm high-power all-solid-state pulse laser with a repetition rate of 85 Hz, a single pulse energy of 215.8 mJ. The lasers spot size is (3.8, 3.6) mm, and the divergence angle is (0.57, 0.69) mrad. The stable working state of this laser last for 402 s and the pointing stability of the output beam is better than 50 μrad. A fluid loop system based on phase-change energy-storage heat exchanger is designed in this paper in order to solve several key problems induced by the heat dissipation. The laser is working normally in orbit, and it lays the foundation for the development of spaceborne all solid-state laser with high-energy, high-repetition rate.
Precipitation-induced abrupt decrease of Siberian wildfire in summer 2022 under continued warming
Authors: Cho Yeonsoo , Yoon Jin-Ho , Jeong Jee-Hoon , Kug Jong-Seong , Kim Baek-Min , Kim Hyungjun , Park Rokjin J , Kim Sang-Woo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Wildfires in Northeast (NE) Siberia have become more frequent owing to the warming climate, exerting a profound impact on the global carbon cycle. While an increase in global temperature is recognized as a primary driver of unprecedented wildfires, the role of precipitation during wildfire season is relatively unexplored. Here, we present evidence that an increase in summer precipitation led to a sudden decrease in NE Siberian wildfires, especially in 2022, notwithstanding the persistent warming trend in the northern high latitudes. The interannual variability of summer precipitation, linked to the large-scale atmospheric circulation, known as the Scandinavia (SCAND) pattern, significantly impacts the regulation of wildfires. Climate models project enhanced variability in summer precipitation, potentially amplifying year-to-year fluctuations in wildfire occurrences. The interplay between the temperature and precipitation patterns in NE Siberia under ongoing warming may increase the occurrence of extreme wildfires, leading to a substantial release of carbon and further contributing to climate warming.
Water resource management and land tenure on allotted and tribal lands
Authors: Bulltail Grace 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Historical land tenure policies often prevent tribal members from accessing and managing resources on lands to which they hold allotment titles. Tribal trust landowners continue to experience challenges in applying long-contested water resource rights for beneficial use on their land. This study examines the relationship between land tenure and water resource management in tribal lands. Conflicts arising from diverse land ownership types and the implications of water rights management of tribal trust and non-tribal assets are analyzed. Watershed analyses of landownership types are performed to provide a comprehensive picture of the extent of tribal control and management of water resources. These analyses provide an estimate of land within the reservation boundary not controlled by the tribe, thus highlighting the restrictions that such land presents for tribal resource management. To further detail the potential impact of these restrictions, the land tenure of the tribal land base is outlined, including the percentage of tribal trust, fee, or non-trust land types, with the goal of specifically addressing the potential limitations on water resource usage for allottee landowners on Crow tribal lands. Using highly fractionated lands as a proxy for idle lands, 33% of tribal trust lands were estimated to be precluded from water resource management. The convergence of large-fee land and fractionated idle land is identified as alienated land. The primary waterway basins consist of over 60% fee and idle land as alienated land. Fee and non-trust lands are subject to state control over water rights, and the reserved rights associated with idle allotted land are inaccessible to the tribal management authority. This leaves allottee landowners unable to use and manage their land and related water resources. The key to effectively managing tribal water resources is to ensure that all landowners have the means to participate in resource management.
Effect of pulse electroplating parameters on the morphology and corrosion resistance of Ag plating coating
Authors: Zhang Guoliang , Li Qiu , Sun De , Ye Xin , Yi Xiaolong , Fang Wei , Luo Zhitao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pulse electroplating technology has the characteristics of fine grain and good corrosion resistance. In order to ensure the good application of electroplated silver cone cavity in solar radiation detector. The effects of three process parameters, including average current density (0.4–1 A dm−2), pulse on-time (0.2–1.8 ms) and pulse off-time (0.8–4.8 ms), on the deposition rate, appearance and corrosion resistance of silver coating were studied by control variates. The surface morphology and composition of silver coatings were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser confocal microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDX). The corrosion resistance of silver coating in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

(
p
H
=
5.5
)

was studied by polarisation curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that pulse electroplating takes advantage of the dynamic change of current to influence the size of deposited particles and the degree of densification of the coating by precisely adjusting the pulse plating parameters, and ultimately obtains the coating with excellent morphology. The optimal parameters are: average current density 0.6 A dm−2, pulse on-time 1.2 ms, pulse off-time 1.8 ms. The silver coating prepared under process conditions has excellent corrosion resistance (7059 Ω cm−2). The surface crystal grain is dense, without obvious defects.
Effect of bionic texture on the lubrication efficiency and mechanical efficiency loss for rotating gears
Authors: Zhang Ziqiang , Li Junye , Zou Tiangang , Hou Wei , An Yuanyuan , Liu Jianhe 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In order to enhance lubrication effectiveness and transmission efficiency in gear transmission, it is imperative to minimize mechanical efficiency losses and frictional wear of the gears during the lubrication process. This paper proposes a bionic design scheme for the tooth surface structure of gears based on the surface texture of bay scallop shells, considering the operational conditions within the gearbox. Firstly, the microstructure of the bay scallop shell surface is analyzed, and a bionic gear mapping model based on the bay scallop shell surface is established. Meanwhile, the oil coverage rate and convective heat transfer coefficient of gear surfaces with different textures was analyzed using finite element analysis. The results showed that the oil coverage rate of gear tooth surfaces with bionic fringes surpassed that of conventional gear lubrication. Thirdly, based on the jet lubrication test calculation, it is proposed that the bionic gear exhibits a lower mechanical efficiency loss and wear mass compared to conventional gears, while the mechanical efficiency loss and wear mass of arc groove gear type lower than that of vertical groove gears. Finally, the optimal structure of the arc groove gear was predicted through orthogonal data analysis, and the validity of the data prediction was verified through experiments and simulations. The optimal combination of texture parameters for the arc groove gear is as follows: a texture depth of 225 μm, a texture width of 275 μm, a texture interval of 275 μm, and a texture length of 1600 μm. As a result, compared with the conventional gear, the lubrication efficiency of the optimized gear is increased by 41.98%, heat dissipation efficiency increased by 32.21%, and mechanical efficiency loss is decreased by 89.39%, the wear mass is reduced by 74.33%.
A mechanically robust superhydrophobic conductive coating based on amino-epoxy reaction
Authors: Bao Senbuer , Chen Qizhi , Shi Wenjiang , Wang Peng , Wang Yanwei , Zhang Shuwei , Wang Lixin , Zou Deyuan , Dong Shuai , Meng Fanxing , Zhao Jiawu , Xiang Shujun , Wang Peng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The physical mixing of inorganic fillers and a polymer matrix is a common method for constructing superhydrophobic coatings. Nevertheless, the interface bonding strength between the polymer and nanofiller was weak. The construction of interacting covalent bonds is a potential solution. In this study, carbon nanotubes were modified by aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and fluorosilane, and the reaction between the amino groups in APTES and -NCO(curing agent N3390) improved the bonding strength. Thus, the coatings maintained superhydrophobicity even after 260 abrasion cycles, 200 tape-peeling cycles, 18-day heat treatment, and acid/alkali attack. Furthermore, the corrosion current density could be reduced by three orders of magnitude compared with that of bare steel.
Frequency stability study of energy storage participation in new energy power system using virtual synchronous machine control
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Zhang Jing , Rong Hualiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the frequency stability of the power system under the increasing proportion of new energy sources, the study adopts the virtual synchronous machine-based energy storage adaptive control strategy and the frequency response model of the new power system. The energy storage adaptive control strategy coordinates the control of the battery’s charging state and the grid operation state by monitoring the grid operation parameters and the battery operation state in real time, so as to calculate the commanded power of the grid-connected converter. The results show that the system stability of adaptive virtual synchronization control improves when the electric transmission power increases from 205 to 510, while the system stability of virtual synchronization control decreases. The extended SFR model possesses excellent frequency matching ability when the new energy penetration rate is 8.497% and 15.66%. Virtual synchronous energy storage control strategy and the power system frequency response model can effectively predict and control the system frequency change to improve system stability under the increasing penetration rate of new energy.
Properties of PS-modified asphaltic concrete containing waste RHA and de-silted sand
Authors: Ewa Desmond E , Etika Anderson A , Egbe Enang A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This research evaluated the impact of incorporating waste polystyrene (PS) in bitumen-binder modification for sustainable asphalt, with replacement levels ranging from 5% to 50% by weight. Rice husk ash (RHA) was used as a filler, and de-silted sand served as the fine aggregate, while crushed granite was employed as the coarse aggregate. Various tests, including penetration, viscosity, flash point, fire point, specific gravity, ductility, and the Marshall stability test, were conducted on the asphalt binder. The modified binder's penetration, ductility, viscosity, and specific gravity decreased with increasing PS content, whereas the flash and fire points increased. Stability testing showed that at 10% PS content, the asphalt had properties suitable for heavy traffic (wearing course), with stability, flow, density, air voids, voids in mineral aggregates (VMA), and voids filled with bitumen (VFB) values of 6825 N, 3.33 mm, 2.362 g cm−3, 4.52%, 18.21%, and 75.18%, respectively. Within the 15%–45% PS content range, the modified asphalt met the criteria for medium traffic (binder course). FTIR and SEM analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of PS-modified asphalt, revealing the encapsulation of PS microspheres on the binder’s surface, forming a composite network structure in the asphalt. The study concluded that this modified asphalt, derived from waste materials, could be effectively utilized in constructing asphalt pavement courses. These findings indicate the potential for the developed modified asphalt to serve as an economical road surfacing material while addressing pollution and environmental concerns associated with waste.
The future extreme precipitation systems of orographically locked diurnal convection: the benefits of using large-eddy simulation ensembles
Authors: Chen Wei-Ting , Chang Yu-Hung , Wu Chien-Ming , Huang Huai-Yi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The precipitation hotspot of the orographically locked convection highly depends on the interactions among physical processes governing local energetics and cloud dynamics. Accurately estimating the future change of these hotspots will require a model with sufficient spatial resolution as well as an appropriate representation of the critical physical processes. In this study, ensembles of TaiwanVVM large-eddy simulations (Δx = 500 m) were designed to capture the summertime diurnal convection in Taiwan when local circulation dominates. The precipitation hotspots identified by long-term observations are well represented by the present-day ensemble simulations with appropriate environment variabilities. A pseudo global warming experiment is carried out to identify changes in convective structures, which results in local rainfall changes. Under the scenario of 3 K uniform warming with conserved relative humidity, the changes in the thermodynamic environment feature an overall higher convective available potential energy and a small decrease in convective inhibition (CIN), owing to the marked increase in low-level water vapor in the marine boundary layer. The results show that mean precipitation and the occurrence of extreme convective systems (ECSs) increase, with hotspots over mountains expanding toward the foothills and plains. The response in cloud dynamics leads to more short-duration, intense rainfall events. The tracking of ECSs with maximum rainfall exceeding 100 mm h−1 reveals more numerous short-lived ECSs (lifetime <6 h) and the enhancements in maximum updrafts by ∼10 m s−1, in cloud top heights by ∼1 km, and in the volume of cloud objects by ∼1.5 folds. These sets of high-resolution simulations under the specific weather regime offer critical information for assessing the potential impacts of the future changes of extreme rainfall contributed by the orographically locked diurnal convection on natural disasters and water resources.
Emotional Distress and Physical Activity Engagement in U.S. Veterans With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bamonti Patricia M , Rose Grace A , Park Stella , Silberbogen Amy K , Moye Jennifer , Moy Marilyn L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Physical activity is recommended as part of guideline-based care for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at all stages of the disease. However, physical activity interventions are less effective in individuals with co-occurring emotional distress (i.e., depression and/or anxiety symptoms). Interventions that dually promote improved physical and mental health in COPD are needed. The first step for intervention development is understanding individuals’ experience of these factors.

Purpose
To understand the experience of emotional distress in U.S. Veterans diagnosed with COPD and to explore how emotional distress impacts physical activity engagement.

Methods
Structured interviews informed by the cognitive and behavioral models of psychopathology were conducted with 29 United States Veterans with COPD (89.66% male, age 67.72 ± 6.55 years, 93.10% White) at the VA Boston Healthcare System. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and underwent thematic analysis.

Results
Three major themes encapsulating 17 codes emerged through thematic analysis: (i) the experience of emotional distress in Veterans with COPD; (ii) the complex relationship between emotional distress, physical activity engagement, and COPD; (iii) contextual and personal factors.

Conclusions
Veterans’ interpretation of their COPD symptoms as unpredictable and uncontrollable and COPD-related physical limitations influenced their experience of emotional distress, while the experience of emotional distress both promoted and deterred physical activity engagement. Veterans were motivated to engage in physical activity despite experiencing emotional distress when they faced a responsibility in daily life. They identified motivational strategies and self-regulation techniques to manage emotional distress and to foster physical activity.
Daily heat and mortality among people experiencing homelessness in 2 urban US counties, 2015-2022
Authors: Lin Zihan , Weinberger Emma , Nori-Sarma Amruta , Chinchilla Melissa , Wellenius Gregory A , Jay Jonathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
High and low daily ambient temperatures are associated with higher mortality in the general population. People experiencing homelessness (PEH) are thought to be particularly vulnerable, but there is almost no direct evidence available. We examined the temperature-mortality association among PEH in 2 populous, urban counties in hot-climate regions of the United States, focusing on heat effects. Study setting was Los Angeles County, CA, and Clark County, NV, which encompass the cities of Los Angeles and Las Vegas, respectively. Outcomes were 2015-2022 deaths among decedents categorized as homeless in county administrative records. We used quasi-Poisson distributed lag nonlinear models to estimate the association of mortality with daily temperatures and with 7-day lagged temperatures, adjusting for day of week, seasonality, and long-term trends. We estimated the minimum mortality temperature and fraction of mortality attributable to temperatures above and below minimum mortality temperature. The association between daily temperature and PEH mortality was skewed towards greater risk at higher temperatures, especially in Clark County. Temperature-attributable mortality equaled 50.1% of deaths in Clark County (95% CI, 29.0-62.8) and 7.0% in Los Angeles County (95% CI, 1.4-12.1). In both counties, most temperature-attributable deaths were attributable to heat rather than cold. In these hot-climate urban counties, our estimates of heat-attributable mortality among PEH were orders of magnitude greater than those reported in prior research on the general population. These results indicate that temperature vulnerability, particularly heat vulnerability, requires stronger public health and policy responses.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.
Associations between flood risk and US Census tract–level health outcomes
Authors: Sheng Alvin , Reich Brian J , Messier Kyle P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Human-induced climate change has led to more frequent and severe flooding around the globe. We examined the association between flood risk and the prevalence of coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, asthma, and poor mental health in the United States, while taking into account different levels of social vulnerability. We aggregated flood risk variables from First Street Foundation data by census tract and used principal component analysis to derive a set of 5 interpretable flood risk factors. The dependent variables were census-tract level disease prevalences generated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Bayesian spatial conditional autoregressive models were fit on these data to quantify the relationship between flood risk and health outcomes under different stratifications of social vulnerability. We show that 3 flood risk principal components had small but significant associations with each of the health outcomes across the different stratifications of social vulnerability. Our analysis gives, to our knowledge, the first United States–wide estimates of the associated effects of flood risk on specific health outcomes. We also show that social vulnerability is an important moderator of the relationship between flood risk and health outcomes. Our approach can be extended to other ecological studies that examine the health impacts of climate hazards.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.
The emergence of circulating activated autoreactive desmoglein 3-specific follicular regulatory T cells is associated with long-term efficacy of rituximab in patients with pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Hébert Vivien , Novarino Julien , Maho-Vaillant Maud , Perals Corine , Calbo Sébastien , Golinski Marie-Laure , Martinez Fanny , Joly Pascal , Fazilleau Nicolas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is characterized by autoantibodies targeting keratinocyte adhesion proteins desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and 3, and by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) predisposition allele HLA-DRB1*0402. Treatment using rituximab (RTX) combined with short-term corticosteroids (CS) allows disease control and long-lasting remission.

Objectives
The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of RTX on the circulating subpopulations of Dsg3-specific T lymphocytes that specifically regulate B-cell responses: follicular helper T (Tfh) and follicular regulatory T (Tfr) lymphocytes.

Methods
Using the HLA-DRB1*0402 tetramer loaded with the Dsg3 immunodominant peptide, we used flow cytometry to analyse the frequency, polarization and activation status of blood Dsg3-specific follicular T-cell populations at baseline, month (M) 6 and long-term follow-up (M60–90) from patients with PV.

Results
At baseline, we observed a predominance of Tfh1* and Tfh17 subsets and an underrepresentation of the Tfh2 subset among autoreactive Dsg3-specific Tfh cells compared with nonautoreactive Tfh cells. RTX treatment induced a decrease of autoreactive Tfh cells with no effect on their polarization during follow-up. In parallel, we observed the emergence of a Dsg3-specific Tfr subpopulation with a significant overexpression of the surface activation markers PD1, ICOS and CD25 that was not observed at the surface of autoreactive Tfh and nonautoreactive Tfr cells of the same patients with PV. In contrast, very few Dsg3-specific Tfr cells were observed in patients with PV who were treated with CS alone.

Conclusions
Here we show that the emergence of circulating autoreactive Dsg3-specific Tfr cells is associated with the long-term efficacy of RTX in patients with PV.

Graphical Abstract
The industrial degradation of the workplace that Thorstein Veblen overlooked
Authors: Wisman Jon D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Thorstein Veblen gave special importance to work. He claimed that once humans became tool users, their work activity was driven by an instinct of workmanship. This instinct is ‘an object of attention and sentiment in its own right’ beyond providing provisioning and serving another instinct, that of parental bent, or society’s wellbeing. Given appropriate social institutions, ‘labor might… assume that character of nobility in the eyes of society at large’. Yet, Veblen took little notice that during his lifetime between 1857 and 1929, the rapid industrialisation of the American economy massively proletarianised workers, greatly degrading their work experience. In Europe, this proletarianisation and degradation of the work process had begun centuries earlier with the rise of capitalism, and greatly accelerated with rapid industrialisation during Veblen’s lifetime. Although Veblen addressed how capitalism, as the latest predatory society, exploited workers, he presented industrialisation of the work process as positive for workers. This article first surveys the process of proletarianisation, focussing on the American experience. It then explores Veblen’s understanding of the impact of industrialisation on workers and how he missed a far-reaching labour-degrading process that was important in provoking massive violent insurrection, and which had earlier been addressed by political economists as diverse as Adam Smith and Karl Marx. Because he failed to recognise the degradation of the work process that accompanied industrialisation, he missed its contributing role in the explosion of conspicuous consumption by Americans of all classes, the subject of his most renowned work, The Theory of the Leisure Class.