bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to write an article: Preparing a publishable manuscript!
Authors: Shidham Vinod B. , Pitman Martha B. , DeMay Richard M. 
Published: February 2012

Most of the scientific work presented as abstracts (platforms and posters) at various conferences have the potential to be published as articles in peer-reviewed journals. This DIY (Do It Yourself) article on how to achieve that goal is an extension of the symposium presented at the 36th European Congress of Cytology, Istanbul, Turkey (presentation available on net at http://alturl.com/q6bfp). The criteria for manuscript authorship should be based on the ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts. The next step is to choose the appropriate journal to submit the manuscript and review the ‘Instructions to the authors’ for that journal. Although initially it may appear to be an insurmountable task, diligent organizational discipline with a little patience and perseverance with input from mentors should lead to the preparation of a nearly perfect publishable manuscript even by a novice. Ultimately, the published article is an excellent track record of academic productivity with contribution to the general public good by encouraging the exchange of experience and innovation. It is a highly rewarding conduit to the personal success and growth leading to the collective achievement of continued scientific progress. Recent emergences of journals and publishers offering the platform and opportunity to publish under an open access charter provides the opportunity for authors to protect their copyright from being lost to conventional publishers. Publishing your work on this open platform is the most rewarding mission and is the recommended option in the current modern era.
[This open access article can be linked (copy-paste link from HTML version of this article) or reproduced FREELY if original reference details are prominently identifiable].
Understanding interprofessional communication: a content analysis of email communications between doctors and nurses
Authors: Smith C. N. C. , Quan S. D. , Morra D. , Rossos P. G. , Khatibi H. , Lo V. , Wong H. , Wu R. C. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryBackground: Clinical communication is recognized as a major source of errors in hospitals. The lack of documentation of communication, especially among verbal interactions, often creates hindrances and impedes improvement efforts. By providing smartphones to residents and encouraging nurses to communicate with residents by email shifted much of the communication to emails which permitted analysis of content.Objective: Description on the interprofessional email communication between doctors and nurses occurring on the general internal medicine wards at two academic hospitals.Design: A prospective analysis of email communications between doctors and nurses.Setting: 34 out of the 67 residents who were on the general medicine clinical teaching units consented to allow analysis of their emails over a 6 month period.Main measures: Statistical tabulations were performed on the volume and frequency of communications as well the response time of messages. Two physicians coded the content of randomly selected emails for urgency, emotion, language, type of interaction, and subject content.Key results: A total of 13,717 emails were available for analysis. Among the emails from nurses, 39.1% were requests for a call back, 18.9% were requests for a response by email and the remaining 42.0% indicated no response was required from physicians. For the messages requesting a response by email, only 50% received an email response. Email responses had a median response time of 2.3 minutes. Content analysis revealed that messages were predominantly non-urgent. The two most frequent purposes for communications were to convey information (91%) and to request action by the physician (36%).Conclusions: A smartphone-based email system facilitated the description and content analysis of a large amount of email communication between physicians and nurses. Our findings provide a picture of the communication between physicians, nurses and other healthcare professionals. This work may help inform the further development of information and communications technology that can improve clinical communication.
CdSe/ZnS Core-Shell System Enhance the Efficiency of the White Light Generation
Authors: Suhail Abdulla M. , Kadim Akeel Mehdi , Ibrahim Omar A. , Murad Hind I. 
Published: February 2012

The synthesis techniques of highly luminescent CdSe/ZnS core-shell composite nanocrystals are reported. The color-conversion, incorporating the photoluminescence emission of CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanocrystals in blue λ=350 nm and green λ=520 nm on near UV-InGaN/GaN LED λ=365 nm, was studied. The generated white light resulting from color-mixing of the emitted wavelengths of the core-shell composite and that of the near UV emission from the LED was analyzed depending upon the chromaticity coordinates. The X-ray diffraction pattern was used to study the CdSe/ZnS core-shell structure and the nanocrystal size formation. The absorption and photoluminescence spectra of the composite core-shell were investigated. The Gaussian fit was applied to the fluorescence spectrum of the CdSe/ZnS core-shell in order to determine the chromaticity coordinates of the output white light emitted on the chromaticity diagram.
Impact of Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) Treatment on Drying Kinetics and Caffeine Extraction from Green Coffee Beans
Authors: Kamal I. , Gelicus A. , Allaf K. 
Published: February 2012

<p>The present work is directed towards the impacts of Détente InstantanéeContrôléeDIC (French, for instant controlled pressure-drop) in terms of decaffeination and drying of Ethiopian green coffee beans (GCBs).DICconsisted in subjecting the product to a high-pressure saturated steam during some seconds and ended with an abrupt pressure drop towards a vacuum. A conventional aqueous extraction and a hot air-drying took place after DIC treatment. Inthis study, Response Surface Method (RSM) was used withDIC saturated steam pressure P, thermal treatment time t, and initial moisture content W asthe independent variables. Both direct DICextract recovered from the vacuum tank and the aqueous extracts wereanalyzed and quantified using the reversed phase-HPLC. With decaffeination ratiosas dependent variables, P and Wwere the most significant operating parameters; whilet was much weaker.Total decaffeination ratio could reach 99.5% after DIC treatment at specificconditions of W=11.00% db, P=0.1 MPa, and t=35swhile it was only 58% when achieved with untreated raw material.</p> The effective diffusivity and the starting accessibility were calculated from the diffusion/surface interaction kinetic model of hotair drying after DIC treatment. They dramatically increased with P and t while W had a weak impact.Thus, at the optimized DICconditions, and increased from 0.33 to 12.60 10<sup>-10</sup>m² s<sup>-1</sup>and from 0.75 to 11.53 g/100 g db, respectively. Drying time needed to reach 5% db became 60 min instead of 528 min for untreated raw material. <p>RSM analysis showed that the DIC saturated steam pressure P and the initial moisture content W were the most significant variables both affecting the decaffeination ratio; the impact of the total thermal processing time t was much weaker. Total decaffeination ratio could reach 99.5% after DIC treatment at specific conditions of W=11.00% db, P=0.1 MPa, and t=35 s while it was only 58% when achieved with untreated raw material.</p> <p>Using diffusion/surface interaction model of hot-air drying kinetics just after DIC treatment, we could observe that DIC expansion dramatically improved the drying kinetic parameters, with P and t as the most significant DIC operating parameters while the impact of W was much weaker. Thus, the optimized DIC treatment allowed the effective diffusivity and the starting accessibility to increase from 0.33 10<sup>-10</sup> m² s<sup>-1</sup> and 0.75 g/100 g db to 12.60 10<sup>-10</sup> m² s<sup>-1</sup> and 11.53 g/100 g db, respectively. Drying time needed to reach 5% db became 60 min instead of 528 min for untreated raw material.</p>
Elastomeric Origami: Programmable Paper‐Elastomer Composites as Pneumatic Actuators
Authors: Martinez Ramses V. , Fish Carina R. , Chen Xin , Whitesides George M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe development of soft pneumatic actuators based on composites consisting of elastomers with embedded sheet or fiber structures (e.g., paper or fabric) that are flexible but not extensible is described. On pneumatic inflation, these actuators move anisotropically, based on the motions accessible by their composite structures. They are inexpensive, simple to fabricate, light in weight, and easy to actuate. This class of structure is versatile: the same principles of design lead to actuators that respond to pressurization with a wide range of motions (bending, extension, contraction, twisting, and others). Paper, when used to introduce anisotropy into elastomers, can be readily folded into 3D structures following the principles of origami; these folded structures increase the stiffness and anisotropy of the elastomeric actuators, while being light in weight. These soft actuators can manipulate objects with moderate performance; for example, they can lift loads up to 120 times their weight. They can also be combined with other components, for example, electrical components, to increase their functionality.
Control of particle cohesion with a polymer coating and temperature adjustment
Authors: Bouffard J. , Bertrand F. , Chaouki J. , Giasson S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA new approach is presented that introduces interparticle forces induced by a change of temperature at which polymer coated particles are exposed. The particle cohesive flow behavior is shown for two different applications. The first one considers a dense granular flow that is typically observed for wet powder granulation using a modified spheronizer. The other application shows the possibility of mimicking the particle flow behavior observed in high‐temperature fluidized beds with the advantage of being operated at ambient conditions. For the first application, as the temperature increases, significant changes in the particle bed surface morphology were observed and an important reduction of the dynamic density was noticed. For the gas–solid fluidized‐bed application, pressure drop measurements revealed that the behavior of the particles transited from Geldart group B to Geldart group A and even Geldart group C as the temperature increased. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Psychometric properties and differential explanation of a short measure of effort–reward imbalance at work: A study of industrial workers in Germany
Authors: Li Jian , Loerbroks Adrian , Jarczok Marc N. , Schöllgen Ina , Bosch Jos A. , Mauss Daniel , Siegrist Johannes , Fischer Joachim E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundWe test the psychometric properties of a short version of the Effort–Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire in addition to testing an interaction term of this model's main components on health functioning.MethodsA self‐administered survey was conducted in a sample of 2,738 industrial workers (77% men with mean age 41.6 years) from a large manufacturing company in Southern Germany. The internal consistency reliability, structural validity, and criterion validity were analyzed.ResultsSatisfactory internal consistencies of the three scales: “Effort”, “reward”, and “overcommitment”, were obtained (Cronbach's alpha coefficients 0.77, 0.82, and 0.83, respectively). Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit of the data with the theoretical structure (AGFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.060). Evidence of criterion validity was demonstrated. Importantly, a significant synergistic interaction effect of ERI and overcommitment on poor mental health functioning was observed (odds ratio 6.74 (95% CI 5.32–8.52); synergy index 1.78 (95% CI 1.25–2.55)).ConclusionsThis short version of the ERI questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for epidemiological research on occupational health. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:808–815, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carotid plaque inflammation on 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography predicts early stroke recurrence
Authors: Marnane Michael , Merwick Aine , Sheehan Orla C. , Hannon Niamh , Foran Paul , Grant Tim , Dolan Eamon , Moroney Joan , Murphy Sean , O'Rourke Killian , O'Malley Kevin , O'Donohoe Martin , McDonnell Ciaran , Noone Imelda , Barry Mary , Crowe Morgan , Kavanagh Eoin , O'Connell Martin , Kelly Peter J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:Symptomatic carotid stenosis is associated with a 3‐fold risk of early stroke recurrence compared to other stroke subtypes. Current carotid imaging techniques rely on estimating plaque‐related lumen narrowing but do not evaluate intraplaque inflammation, a key mediator of plaque rupture and thromboembolism. Using combined 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron‐emission tomography (FDG‐PET)/computed tomography, we investigated the relation between inflammation‐related FDG uptake and stroke recurrence.Methods:Consecutive patients with a recent (median, 6.5 days; interquartile range, 4–8) stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or retinal embolism and ipsilateral carotid stenosis (≥50%) were included. FDG uptake was quantified as mean standardized uptake values (SUVs, g/ml). Patients were followed prospectively for stroke recurrence.Results:Sixty patients were included (25 stroke, 29 TIA, 6 retinal embolism). Twenty‐two percent (13 of 60) had stroke recurrence within 90 days. FDG uptake in ipsilateral carotid plaque was greater in patients with early recurrent stroke (mean SUV, 1.85g/ml; standard deviation [SD], 0.44 vs 1.58g/ml; SD, 0.32, p = 0.02). On life‐table analysis, 90‐day recurrence rates with mean SUV greater than a 2.14g/ml threshold were 80% (95% confidence interval [CI], 41.8–99.2) versus 22.9% (95% CI, 12.3–40.3) with SUV ≤2.14g/ml (log‐rank, p < 0.0001). In a Cox regression model including age and degree of stenosis (50–69% or ≥70%), mean plaque FDG uptake was the only independent predictor of stroke recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio, 6.1; 95% CI, 1.3–28.8; p = 0.02).Interpretation:In recently symptomatic carotid stenosis, inflammation‐related FDG uptake was associated with early stroke recurrence, independent of the degree of stenosis. Plaque FDG‐PET may identify patients at highest risk for stroke recurrence, who may be selected for immediate revascularization or intensive medical treatment. ANN NEUROL 2012
Polymer‐BaTiO3 composites: Dielectric constant and vapor sensing properties in chemocapacitor applications
Authors: Manoli Kyriaki , Oikonomou Petros , Valamontes Evangelos , Raptis Ioannis , Sanopoulou Merope 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this work, composite materials, prepared by inclusion of various amounts of BaTiO3 nanoparticles in PBMA and PHEMA polymer matrices, were characterized in respect to their dielectric properties and then used as the sensing layer of capacitive‐type sensors. BaTiO3 was found to be less effective in enhancing the permittivity of PHEMA, as compared to PBMA, in the range of 1 kHz–1 MHz, possibly due to the observed lower quality of dispersion in the polymer matrix and the higher polarity of the polymer in the former case. The response of the composite‐based chemocapacitors to four vapor analytes, covering a wide range of dielectric constants, was studied in relation to the BaTiO3 load. In all cases, with increasing amount of BaTiO3 load, the absolute value of capacitance response was increased, due to the corresponding increase of the initial capacitance of the sensing composite layer. However, the corresponding normalized (to the initial capacitance of the sensing composite layer) capacitance values were reduced, due to the decreased volume fraction of the sorbing polymer material in the composite matrix. An exception to this trend, observed upon exposure of the PBMA/BaTiO3 chemocapacitors to low humidity levels, is also presented and discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The effect of solvent dielectric properties on the collection of oriented electrospun fibers
Authors: Sun Zaicheng , Deitzel Joseph M. , Knopf Jeff , Chen Xing , Gillespie John W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA simple approach to electrospinning has been developed that enables the collection of polymer, ceramic, and multiphase composite fibers, in quantity, with a high degree of spatial orientation. It has been demonstrated that a careful choice of solvent effectively eliminates the onset of the characteristic “bending” instability that is commonly associated with the electrospinning process. This allows collection of spatially oriented submicron electrospun fibers on a rotating drum without the need for elaborate mechanical or electrostatic manipulation of the electrospinning jet and/or collection target (Deitzel, J. M.; Kleinmeyer, J. D. et al. Polymer 2001, 42, 8163, Zussman, E.; Theron, A.; et al. Appl Phys Lett 2003, 82, 973, and Li, D. Wang, Y. L.; et al. Nano Lett 2003, 3, 1167). Fibers have been electrospun from a series of model polyethylene oxide/CHCl3 solutions with a range of conductivities. The experimental data confirms theoretical predictions that the onset of the bending instability is a function of the available “free” charge in the solution, which in turn is strongly influenced by the dielectric constant of the solvent. The results show that fiber orientation becomes random as the conductivity increases, indicating the need for the surface charge density to exceed a critical threshold in order for the bending instability to initiate. This method has been experimentally demonstrated with other low‐dielectric constant solvents and other common polymer, ceramic, and composite materials. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that fibers electrospun from these solutions can be mechanically drawn to submicron dimensions (∼ 200–500 nm) by controlling drum speed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of colloidal silica dispersions on the properties of PDMS‐colloidal silica composites
Authors: Sumi Dinkar , Dhanabalan A. , Thimmappa B. H. S. , Krishnamurthy Sriram 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) colloidal silica composites prepared with the use of the dispersion of colloidal silica (CS) of similar particle size and distribution in different mediums/solvents are investigated for their rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties. Regardless of the dispersion medium of CS, thermal analysis showed the increased thermal stability of PDMS with the addition of CS. The rheological analysis showed that the composites prepared from CS dispersed in isopropanol (IPA) and CS dispersed in methylethylketone (MEK) showed significant enhancement in viscosity at higher loadings as compare with the composite prepared from the CS dispersed in water and methanol indicating more Filler–polymer interactions. Similarly, the tensile stress–strain curves, hardness, and tear strength displayed significant improvement with PDMS‐CS‐MEK and PDMS‐CS‐IPA composites. The results of this study not only provide the insights of solid–liquid–liquid interface leading to different extent of polymer‐filler interaction, there by the bulk properties, it also helps to minimize the surface treatment steps while preparing the composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and properties of bio‐based thermoplastic polyurethane based on poly (L‐lactic acid) copolymer polydiol
Authors: Zeng Chao , Zhang Nai‐Wen , Ren Jie 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe goal of this work is the synthesis of a new kind of bio‐based thermoplastic polyurethane (BTPU) based on poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(tetramethylene) glycol (PTMEG) segments via chain‐extension reaction of dihydroxyl terminated (HO‐PLA‐PTMEG‐PLA‐OH) copolymer using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as a chain extender. Polydiols were synthesized through polycondensation of lactic acid and PTMEG in bulk. The chemical structures and molecular weights of polydiols and BTPUs containing different segment lengths and weight fractions of PLA, were characterized by 1H‐NMR and FTIR. The effects of the structures on the physical properties of BTPUs were studied by means of DSC, SEM, and tensile test; crystallization behavior was characterized by POM. The DSC and SEM results indicate that PLA segment is perfectly compatible with PTMEG segment and the crystallization of BTPU is predominantly caused by PLA segment. Polydiol with lower PLA content shows lower Tg and lower crystallinity. Tensile test shows that the elongation at break of BTPU is above 340% at the composition of PLA/PTMEG = 80/20 (w/w). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of photoactive chiral copolymers of (S)‐N‐(1‐phenyl ethyl) methacrylamide and disperse red 1 methacrylate
Authors: Bag Dibyendu S , Alam Sarfaraz 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this article, we report the synthesis and characterization of chiral copolymers containing a photoactive azobenzene pendant group. The chiral copolymers of (S)‐N‐(1‐phenyl ethyl) methacrylamide (S‐NPEMAM) and disperse red 1 methacrylate (DR1MA) with two different feed compositions were synthesized by free‐radical polymerization with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. The purified chiral copolymers, poly[(S)‐N‐(1‐phenyl ethyl) methacrylamide‐co‐disperse red 1 methacrylate], were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, NMR, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography analyses. The photoluminescence and chiroptical properties of the copolymers were evaluated. Induced circular dichroism (CD) was observed in the CD spectra, which arose because of the exciton splitting originated by the cooperative interactions between the pendant azobenzene chromophore of DR1MA and the benzene ring of the chiral monomer. The glass‐transition temperatures of the chiral copolymers were observed to be above 117°C, and the chiral copolymers were thermally stable up to 250°C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Novel electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness in the microwave band of magnetic nitrile butadiene rubber/magnetite nanocomposites
Authors: Al‐Ghamdi A. A. , Al‐Hartomy Omar A. , Al‐Salamy F. , Al‐Ghamdi Attieh A. , El‐Mossalamy E. H. , Abdel Daiem A. M. , El‐Tantawy Farid 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/magnetite (Fe3O4) nanocomposite for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding at microwave frequency was successfully fabricated. The structural features of as‐synthesized magnetite and NBR/Fe3O4 were examined by X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The number of elastically effective chains, volume fraction of rubber, interparticle distance among conductive sites, polymer–filler interaction, and porosity of the nanocomposites were evaluated. The mechanical properties, including the tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness, of the composites were measured. The static electrical properties, such as the electrical conductivity, carrier mobility, and number of charge carriers, as a function of magnetite content were evaluated. The interrelation between the electrical conductivity, shielding effectiveness (SE), dielectric constant, and skin depth of the composites are discussed. Finally, the EMI SE versus frequency was tested. The results reveal that an SE of 28–91 dB against EMI in the 1–12 GHz range depended on the loading of the conducting magnetite within the NBR matrix. Accordingly, these nanocomposites may used in the field of microwave absorption devices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012