bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of magnetic field on the corrosion of iron and St20 steel as studied by positron annihilation [Phys. Status Solidi B 247(7), 1822–1828 (2010)]
Authors: Pietrzak Ryszard , Szatanik Roman 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe alert our readers that part of the contents of the article by R. Pietrzak and R. Szatanik, Phys. Status Solidi B 247, 1822 (2010) [DOI 10.1002/pssb.200945124] was already published in an earlier conference proceedings paper by the same authors which appeared in Nukleonika 55, 31 (2010).
The Impact of Australia's New Graphic Cigarette Packet Warnings on Smokers’ Beliefs and Attitudes
Authors: Miller Caroline L. , Hill David J. , Quester Pascale G. , Hiller Janet E. 
Published: June 2011

In 2006 Australia introduced graphic health warnings (GHW) on cigarette packets, depicting a range of tobacco-related pathology. This intervention, controlling the appearance of a consumer product, was designed to raise consumers’ awareness of the harms of tobacco use, motivate quitting, and discourage uptake of smoking. This study applies the reasoned action approach to assess the relevance of GHW-related beliefs and attitudes to smokers’ behavioural intentions and smoking behaviour. A sample of 587 smokers was recruited through a random representative population survey in 2005, prior to the introduction of new warnings. A subset of 158 was followed up a year later. The results show that GHW-related beliefs and attitudes were predictive of intention to quit smoking. Intentions to quit were, in turn, predictive of quitting behaviour as measured in the follow up stage. New GHW warnings, smokers are presumed to have been exposed to, were also associated with changes in beliefs over time.
Personality traits in attempted and completed suicide
Authors: Hirvikoski T. , Jokinen J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveThough widely used in clinical and biological studies, no investigation of the factor structure of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) has been performed in suicide attempters. There are very few studies of personality traits in suicide completers. The aim of the present study was to assess the factor structure of KSP in suicide attempters. A secondary aim was to examine whether the factor structure of the KSP was related to gender and/or to violent method of the suicide attempt or to suicide completion.MethodThe factor structure of the KSP was analysed in data from 165 suicide attempters from the Suicide Prevention Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital using principal component analysis and orthogonal varimax rotation for the factor extraction. The effect of gender and (1) used method in the suicide attempt (violent versus nonviolent), and (2) later completed suicide on the factors was assessed in two separate series of the two-way ANOVAs.ResultA four-factor solution appeared: (1) Neuroticism, (2) Nonconformity, (3) Psychoticism and (4) Extraversion. Men who later completed suicide reported more Extroversion than male survivors.ConclusionThe obtained factor structure is comparable to a previous factor structure in a group of twins from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry indicating that no specific personality structure characterized the current sample. Differences in personality traits between suicide completers and survivors indicate that these groups may have some distinct characteristics.
Dietary phytochemicals induce p53‐ and caspase‐independent cell death in human neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Sukumari‐Ramesh Sangeetha , Bentley J. Nicole , Laird Melissa D. , Singh Nagendra , Vender John R. , Dhandapani Krishnan M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is the most prevalent pediatric solid tumor and a leading cause of cancer‐related death in children. In the present study, a novel cytotoxic role for the dietary compounds, curcumin, andrographolide, wedelolactone, dibenzoylmethane, and tanshinone IIA was identified in human S‐type NB cells, SK‐N‐AS and SK‐N‐BE(2). Mechanistically, cell death appeared apoptotic by flow cytometry; however, these effects proceeded independently from both caspase‐3 and p53 activation, as assessed by both genetic (shRNA) and pharmacological approaches. Notably, cell death induced by both curcumin and andrographolide was associated with decreased NFκB activity and a reduction in Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL expression. Finally, curcumin and andrographolide increased cytotoxicity following co‐treatment with either cisplatin or doxorubicin, two chemotherapeutic agents widely used in the clinical management of NB. Coupled with the documented safety in humans, dietary compounds may represent a potential adjunct therapy for NB.
Determinants of patient satisfaction after cesarean delivery at a university teaching hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Enabudoso Ehigha , Isara Alphonsus R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of satisfaction, and associated factors, among parturients who had recently delivered by cesarean.MethodsIn a descriptive cross‐sectional study, women who delivered by cesarean at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, were enrolled between April and July 2010. A simple, qualitative, semi‐structured researcher‐administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data analysis was done via SPSS version 16.ResultsAmong 220 women who delivered by cesarean, 211 women were enrolled in the study and were interviewed 2–5 days after delivery. The mean age was 30.8 ± 5.1 years, and the median parity was 1. An initial negative reaction to the decision for cesarean delivery was reported by 76% of respondents, 19% were indifferent, and 5% reported an initial positive reaction. Satisfaction with delivery by cesarean was reported by 80% of the respondents. Satisfaction with cesarean delivery was significantly associated with age, level of education, initial reaction to the decision for cesarean delivery, and elective cesarean.ConclusionMost parturients expressed overall satisfaction after delivery by cesarean. There is a need for in‐depth studies in low‐income countries to further evaluate satisfaction with regard to various aspects of the cesarean delivery experience.
Comparison of single‐dose and multiple‐dose antibiotics for lower urinary tract infection in pregnancy
Authors: Usta Taner A. , Dogan Ozgur , Ates Ugur , Yucel Burak , Onar Zehra , Kaya Erdal 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of fosfomycin trometamol, cefuroxime axetil, and amoxicillin clavulanate antibiotics, and to assess the difference in patient compliance, in the treatment of urinary tract infections during pregnancy.MethodsBetween September 2007 and May 2008, 90 out of 324 pregnant women with complaints of lower urinary tract infection, who were followed at the outpatient clinic or referred to the emergency department of Vakif Gureba Education and Research Hospital, were enrolled in a prospective study. Patients were randomized into 3 equal groups for treatment with single‐dose fosfomycin trometamol, or 5‐day courses of amoxicillin clavulanate or cefuroxime axetil. After follow‐up, study data were obtained for 28, 27, and 29 patients, respectively.ResultsThe treatment groups did not differ significantly in terms of demographics, clinical success rate, microbiological cure rate, or adverse effects. Significantly higher drug compliance was observed in the fosfomycin trometamol group than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionTreatment with a single dose of fosfomycin trometamol was as effective for UTI as the standard course of treatment with amoxicillin clavulanate or cefuroxime axetil. Fosfomycin trometamol may be a preferable treatment for UTI because of its simpler use and better rates of compliance.
Impact of pH on the antifungal susceptibility of vaginal Candida albicans
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Xu , Liu Zhaohui , Luo Xin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the antifungal susceptibility at pH 7.0 and pH 4.0 of 5 antifungal agents against Candida albicans isolated from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis.MethodsAntifungal susceptibility testing at pH 7.0 and pH 4.0 was performed using the broth microdilution method (CLSI, document M27‐A2).ResultsThe minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of miconazole, clotrimazole, fluconazole, and nystatin against C. albicans at pH 4.0 were significantly higher than those at pH 7.0 (0.25 vs 0.03 μg/mL, 0.50 vs 0.03 μg/mL, 0.50 vs 0.25 μg/mL, and 32 vs 2 μg/mL, respectively; P < 0.001), whereas the MIC of itraconazole at pH 4.0 was lower than that at pH 7.0 (0.030 vs 0.125 μg/mL; P < 0.001). The susceptibility rate of C. albicans to itraconazole at pH 4.0 was significantly higher than at pH 7.0 (95.0% vs 51.7%; P < 0.001). The susceptibility rate to itraconazole at pH 7.0 was significantly lower than the susceptibility rate to fluconazole (51.7% vs 100.0%; P < 0.001), whereas the susceptibility rates to the 2 drugs were similar at pH 4.0 (95.0% and 96.7%, respectively).ConclusionMedia at different pH values should be used for sensitivity tests according to the environment of C. albicans.
A study of maternal mortality in 8 principal hospitals in Pakistan in 2009
Authors: Bano Naheed , Chaudhri Rizwana , Yasmeen Lubna , Shafi Faiza , Ejaz Lubna 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo determine maternal mortality to assess the achievement of Millennium Development Goal 5 in Pakistan and suggest remedial measures.MethodsThroughout 2009, maternal deaths occurring in obstetrics and gynecology departments in 8 hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, were recorded. A data form was filled in by the duty registrar at the time of death. Data were analyzed via SPSS.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 47 209 live births and 108 maternal deaths (age 17–45 years). Among those who died, 30% were primigravidas, 50% had a parity of 1–4, and 20% had a parity of 5 or more; 20.4% had not delivered, 40.7% had vaginal delivery, and 36.1% had cesarean delivery; 67.6% were unbooked and 32.4% were booked (14 under care of a consultant and 21 under care of a medical officer); 73%, 22%, and 5% died in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively; 17.5% died prenatally, 4.6% during labor, and 78% postpartum; 73% were in a critical condition and 8% were dead on arrival. Eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, and sepsis caused 23, 13, and 13 deaths, respectively.ConclusionMaternal death can be effectively managed by skilled care during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period.
Emergency obstetric surgery by non‐physician clinicians in Tanzania
Authors: Pereira Caetano , Mbaruku Godfrey , Nzabuhakwa Calist , Bergström Staffan , McCord Colin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo calculate the met need for comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmOC) in 2 Tanzanian regions (Mwanza and Kigoma) and to document the contribution of non‐physician clinicians (assistant medical officers [AMOs]) and medical officers (MOs) with regard to meeting the need for CEmOC.MethodsAll hospitals in the 2 regions were visited to determine the proportion of major obstetric interventions performed by AMOs and MOs. All deliveries (n = 38 758) in these hospitals in 2003 were reviewed. The estimated met need for emergency obstetric care (EmOC) was calculated using UN process indicators, as was the contribution to that attainment by AMOs. Hospital case fatality rates were also determined.ResultsEstimated met need was 35% in Mwanza and 23% in Kigoma. AMOs operating independently performed most major obstetric surgery. Outside of the single university hospital, AMOs performed 85% of cesareans and high proportions of other obstetric surgeries. The case fatality rate was 2.0% in Mwanza and 1.2% in Kigoma.ConclusionAMOs carried most of the burden of life‐saving EmOC—particularly cesarean deliveries—in the regions investigated. Case fatality was close to the 1% target set by the UN process indicators, but met need was far below the goal of 100%.
Young, Male Neutered, Obese, Lame?
Authors: Lafuente Pilar 
Published: June 2011

Patient group Young, male neutered, obese cats are predisposed to sustaining spontaneous capital physeal fractures, as well as fractures of the femoral neck secondary to metaphyseal osteopathy. Practical relevance Although femoral head and neck excision generally leads to adequate limb function, and is appropriate for chronic fractures, it is a salvage procedure and irreversible. Ideally, for acute capital physeal fractures an attempt should be made to stabilise the fracture and save the coxofemoral joint. This requires early detection of the femoral fracture. Clinical challenges Orthopaedic examination in cats can be challenging. Yet thorough assessment is needed to allow localisation of the pathology to the hip joint, and to rule out other orthopaedic conditions such as cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Stabilisation of these types of fracture may also prove challenging. Audience This review is aimed at general practitioners who have some experience in orthopaedic surgical procedures, as well as those simply wishing to expand their knowledge of feline orthopaedic conditions.
The effects of repeated ingestion of high and low glucose–electrolyte solutions on gastric emptying and blood 2H2O concentration after an overnight fast
Authors: Evans Gethin H. , Shirreffs Susan M. , Maughan Ronald J. 
Published: June 2011

The addition of carbohydrate to drinks designed to have a role in rehydrating the body is commonplace. The gastric emptying and fluid uptake characteristics following repeated ingestion of drinks with high and low glucose concentrations were examined in eight subjects (three male and five female). Following a 13 h fluid restriction period, the subjects ingested a volume of test solution amounting to 3 % of the initial body mass over a period of 60 min. Test drinks were 2 and 10 % glucose–electrolyte solutions with osmolalities of 189 (sd 3) and 654 (sd 3) mOsm/kg, respectively. The initial bolus of each test solution contained 10 g of 2H2O. Blood samples were collected throughout drinking and for 60 min afterwards. Gastric volumes were determined via gastric aspiration at 15 min intervals for 120 min. No difference between trials in total stomach volume was observed until 30 min after the ingestion of the first bolus of test drink, but blood 2H concentration was increased during both trials 10 min after ingestion of the first bolus. Blood 2H concentration was greater at this time point during the 2 % glucose trial than during the 10 % glucose trial and remained higher for the duration of the trial with the exception of one time point. Urine volume at the end of the trial was greater in the 2 % glucose trial than in the 10 % glucose trial. It is concluded that the reduced overall rate of fluid uptake following ingestion of the 10 % glucose solution was due largely to a relatively slow rate of gastric emptying.
Acute satiety response of mammalian, avian and fish proteins in dogs
Authors: Vester Boler Brittany M. , Faber Trevor A. , Bauer Laura L. , Swanson Kelly S. , Smiley Scott , Bechtel Peter J. , Fahey George C. 
Published: June 2011

Fish proteins have been reported to be more satiating than meat proteins. The objective was to determine the effect of different animal protein pre-meals on satiety. A total of ten intact female hounds were fed pork loin, beef loin, chicken breast, salmon fillet or pollock fillet. Each pre-meal was fed to contain 100 g protein. Blood was collected at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min postprandially and analysed for glucose, insulin, total ghrelin, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and plasma amino acids (AA). Dogs were fed 2 × metabolisable energy, 3 h following the pre-meal, and intake was determined 30, 60, 180 and 1440 min after food presentation. Glucose decreased over time (P < 0·001), but was lowest (P = 0·01) when dogs consumed pollock or chicken. Insulin increased (P < 0·0001) over time, and was greater (P = 0·09) when dogs consumed salmon. GLP-1 increased (P < 0·001) over time, and was greatest (P = 0·04) when dogs consumed beef. Ghrelin decreased (P < 0·0001) over time for all pre-meals. The tryptophan:large neutral AA ratio tended to be greater (P = 0·08) when dogs consumed pork, salmon and pollock. Different protein sources may influence blood markers in dogs, but it does not appear that fish substrates have different satiating abilities than mammalian or avian sources.
Different variations of tissue B-group vitamin concentrations in short- and long-term starved rats
Authors: Moriya Aya , Fukuwatari Tsutomu , Sano Mitsue , Shibata Katsumi 
Published: June 2011

Prolonged starvation changes energy metabolism; therefore, the metabolic response to starvation is divided into three phases according to changes in glucose, lipid and protein utilisation. B-group vitamins are involved in energy metabolism via metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids. To determine how changes in energy metabolism alter B-group vitamin concentrations during starvation, we measured the concentration of eight kinds of B-group vitamins daily in rat blood, urine and in nine tissues including cerebrum, heart, lung, stomach, kidney, liver, spleen, testis and skeletal muscle during 8 d of starvation. Vitamin B1, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, folate and biotin concentrations in the blood reduced after 6 or 8 d of starvation, and other vitamins did not change. Urinary excretion was decreased during starvation for all B-group vitamins except pantothenic acid and biotin. Less variation in B-group vitamin concentrations was found in the cerebrum and spleen. Concentrations of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, nicotinamide and pantothenic acid increased in the liver. The skeletal muscle and stomach showed reduced concentrations of five vitamins including vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid and folate. Concentrations of two or three vitamins decreased in the kidney, testis and heart, and these changes showed different patterns in each tissue and for each vitamin. The concentration of pantothenic acid rapidly decreased in the heart, stomach, kidney and testis, whereas concentrations of nicotinamide were stable in all tissues except the liver. Different variations in B-group vitamin concentrations in the tissues of starved rats were found. The present findings will lead to a suitable supplementation of vitamins for the prevention of the re-feeding syndrome.
Bioavailability of vitamin B12 in cows' milk
Authors: Matte J. Jacques , Guay Frédéric , Girard Christiane L. 
Published: June 2011

The natural source of vitamin B12 in human diets comes from animal products. For example, one glass (250 ml) of milk provides approximately 50 % of the RDA (2·4 μg/d). It was hypothesised that the provision of vitamin B12 from milk is more efficiently absorbed than the synthetic form used in vitamin supplements. Pigs (n 10) were used as a model for intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 in humans to compare the net fluxes of vitamin B12 across the portal-drained viscera (PDV; an indicator of intestinal absorption) after ingestion of meals complemented with conventional and vitamin B12-enriched (via injections to cows) milk (raw, pasteurised or microfiltrated) or with equivalent amounts of cyanocobalamin, the synthetic form used in supplements or unsupplemented. Net flux of vitamin B12 across PDV after the ingestion of milk was positive, though not influenced by milk enrichment (P>0·3) or technological processes (P = 0·8) and was greater than after ingestion of equivalent amounts of cyanocobalamin (cyanocobalamin v. all milk, P ≤ 0·003). In fact, net fluxes of this vitamin were not different from 0 after either cyanocobalamin or the meal devoid of vitamin B12 (unsupplemented v. cyanocobalamin, P = 0·7). The cumulative PDV fluxes during the 24 h following ingestion of meals complemented with milk varied from 5·5 to 6·8 μg. These values correspond to an efficiency of intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 from milk varying between 8 and 10 %. Therefore, vitamin B12, which is abundant in cows' milk, is also substantially more available than the most commonly used synthetic form of this vitamin.
Environmental constraints influencing survival of an African parasite in a north temperate habitat: effects of temperature on development within the host
Authors: TINSLEY R. C. , YORK J. E. , STOTT L. C. , EVERARD A. L. E. , CHAPPLE S. J. , TINSLEY M. C. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThe monogeneanProtopolystoma xenopodishas been established in Wales for >40 years following introduction withXenopus laevisfrom South Africa. This provides an experimental system for determining constraints affecting introduced species in novel environments. Parasite development post-infection was followed at 15, 20 and 25°C for 15 weeks and at 10°C for ⩾1 year and correlated with temperatures recorded in Wales. Development was slowed/arrested at ⩽10°C which reflects habitat conditions for >6 months/year. There was wide variation in growth at constant temperature (body size differing by >10 times) potentially attributable in part to genotype-specific host-parasite interactions. Parasite density had no effect on size but host sex did: worms in males were 1·8 times larger than in females. Minimum time to patency was 51 days at 25°C and 73 days at 20°C although some infections were still not patent at both temperatures by 105 days p.i. In Wales, fastest developing infections may mature within one summer (about 12 weeks), possibly accelerated by movements of hosts into warmer surface waters. Otherwise, development slows/stops in October–April, delaying patency to about 1 year p.i., while wide variation in developmental rates may impose delays of 2 years in some primary infections and even longer in secondary infections.
How to truly value implantable cardioverter-defibrillators technology: Up-front cost or daily cost?
Authors: Biffi Mauro , Ziacchi Matteo , Bertini Matteo , Gardini Beatrice , Mazzotti Andrea , Massaro Giulia , Martignani Cristian , Diemberger Igor , Boriani Giuseppe , Corsini Daniela 
Published: June 2011

Background: We calculated the daily cost of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) based on their actual longevity to prove whether the up-front cost is a reliable parameter for the ICD purchasing-process.Methods. Longevity of single chamber (SC), double chamber (DC), and biventricular (BiV) ICDs from Medtronic (MDT), Guidant (GDT), and St. Jude Medical (SJM) was measured in all the patients implanted in years 2000, 2001, 2002 who reached device replacement within December 31, 2009. The cost of each ICD (device + lead/s) was normalized for its own longevity. Data are expressed as median (25th–75th percentile).Results: A total of 123/153 patients completed the study, 70 percent being alive 8 years after implantation. MDT devices had a superior longevity compared with GDT and SJM (p < .001). Fifty-eight percent of replaced ICDs had a service life at least 1 year shorter than the manufacturers' prediction. Longer-lasting devices had a significantly lower daily cost: €4.8 (4.6–5.7) versus €6.8 (6.2–9.2) and €6.9 (6.2–7.6) for SC (p < .001); €6.9 (6.8–7.7) versus €12.6 (11.8–13.3) and €13.4 (10.3–16.1) for DC; €8.5 (8.3–10.3) versus €15.4 (15.1–15.8) and €14.6 (14.1–14.9) for BiV (p < .005).Conclusions: The true cost of ICD treatment is strictly dependent on device longevity, whereas device up-front cost is unreliable. This aspect should be valued in the technology purchasing process, and could set the basis for an outcome-based reimbursement system. Our observations may be the benchmark respectively for ICD longevity and daily ICD cost in future comparisons. Independent observations in the real-life scenario are needed to properly value newer technologic improvements.