bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The membrane transport of flavonoids fromCrossostephium chinenseacross the Caco‐2 monolayer
Authors: Wang Ying , Wu Qi , Yang Xiu‐Wei , Yang Xiaoda , Wang Kui 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe permeation and efflux of six polysubstituted flavonoids isolated fromCrossostephium chinense, a Chinese traditional and herbal drug for the treatment of diabetes, were investigated using the Caco‐2 cell monolayer. The six flavonoids (selagin, apometzgerin, tricetin‐3′,4′,5′‐trimethylether, quercetagetin‐3,6,7‐trimethylether, hispidulin and quercetagetin) sharing a similar parent skeleton structure with varied substituents in the heterocyclic ring B were selected for the study. Quercetagetin exhibited a low bi‐directional permeability comparable to that of atenolol, suggesting a paracellular diffusion mechanism. The remaining compounds exhibited time‐ and concentration‐ dependent permeation with apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values in the range 10−6–10−5 cm/s, suggesting transcellular diffusion pathways. Selagin exhibited significantly larger basolateral to apicalPappthan that of the reverse direction, suggesting the existence of efflux mechanisms. ATP‐depletion and probenecid pretreatment led to a significant inhibition of the efflux of selagin, whereas verapamil had no effect on the basolateral to apical transport of selagin, suggesting that multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) and not P‐glycoprotein play a role in the intestinal efflux of selagin. Based on present and previous results, the structure–permeation relationship and the role of MRPs in mediating the efflux of flavonoids are discussed. Experimental results in this study provide useful information for pharmacological applications of the flavonoids fromC. chinense. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental, scanning electron and optical microscope image analysis software for determining volume and occupied area of solid‐state fermentation fungal cultures
Authors: Osma Johann F. , Toca‐Herrera José L. , Rodríguez‐Couto Susana 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHere we propose a software for the estimation of the occupied area and volume of fungal cultures. This software was developed using a Matlab platform and allows analysis of high‐definition images from optical, electronic or atomic force microscopes. In a first step, a single hypha grown on potato dextrose agar was monitored using optical microscopy to estimate the change in occupied area and volume. Weight measurements were carried out to compare them with the estimated volume, revealing a slight difference of less than 1.5%. Similarly, samples from two different solid‐state fermentation cultures were analyzed using images from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an environmental SEM (ESEM). Occupied area and volume were calculated for both samples, and the results obtained were correlated with the dry weight of the cultures. The difference between the estimated volume ratio and the dry weight ratio of the two cultures showed a difference of 10%. Therefore, this software is a promising non‐invasive technique to determine fungal biomass in solid‐state cultures.
Adaptation yields a highly efficient xylose‐fermenting Zymomonas mobilis strain
Authors: Agrawal Manoj , Mao Zichao , Chen Rachel Ruizhen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractZymomonas mobilis is a superb ethanol producer with productivity exceeding yeast strains by several fold. Although metabolic engineering was successfully applied to expand its substrate range to include xylose, xylose fermentation lagged far behind glucose. In addition, xylose fermentation was often incomplete when its initial concentration was higher than 5%. Improvement of xylose fermentation is therefore necessary. In this work, we applied adaptation to improve xylose fermentation in metabolically engineered strains. As a result of adaptation over 80 days and 30 serial transfers in a medium containing high concentration of xylose, a strain, referred as A3, with markedly improved xylose metabolism was obtained. The strain was able to grow on 10% (w/v) xylose and rapidly ferment xylose to ethanol within 2 days and retained high ethanol yield. Similarly, in mixed glucose–xylose fermentation, a total of 9% (w/v) ethanol was obtained from two doses of 5% glucose and 5% xylose (or a total of 10% glucose and 10% xylose). Further investigation reveals evidence for an altered xylitol metabolism in A3 with reduced xylitol formation. Additionally xylitol tolerance in A3 was increased. Furthermore, xylose isomerase activity was increased by several times in A3, allowing cells to channel more xylose to ethanol than to xylitol. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that altered xylitol metabolism is key to improved xylose metabolism in adapted A3 strain. This work further demonstrates that adaptation and metabolic engineering can be used synergistically for strain improvement. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:777–785. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and validation of a multiresidue method for determination of 37 pesticides in soil using GC‐NPD
Authors: Park Jong Hyouk , Iqbal Rouf Mamun Md. , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Na Tae Woong , Choi Jeong‐Heui , Ghafar M. W. , Kim Kap Soon , Kim Sang Don , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this study, a multiresidue analytical method for the detection of 37 pesticides in a soil matrix was developed and validated. The soil sample was fortified with a known quantity of pesticides at two different concentration levels (0.1 and 0.01 µg/g) and the analytes were extracted via a liquid–solid extraction method. The pesticides were separated on an HP5 capillary column and were analyzed with a gas chromatograph coupled to a nitrogen–phosphorous detector (GC‐NPD). Method validation was accomplished with good linearity (r2 = 0.994–0.999) within a considerable range of concentrations. Satisfactory recoveries (70.5–110.4%) were obtained with 32 pesticides at both spiking concentration levels, whereas five pesticides—dimepiperate, buprofezin, prometryn, pirimicarb, and fludioxonil—were recovered at relatively low levels (43.6–61.8%). The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analyzing field samples collected from 24 different sites around Yeongsan and Sumjin rivers in the Republic of Korea. No residues of the selected pesticides were detected in any of the samples. The developed method could be employed as a simple and cost‐effective method for the routine detection and analysis of 37 pesticides in soil samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An LC‐MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of vincristine and verapamil in rat plasma after oral administration of a dual agent formulation
Authors: Ling Guixia , Zhang Peng , Sun Jin , Zhang Wenping , Fu Qiang , Zhang Tianhong , Deng Yihui , He Zhonggui 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA rapid and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of vincristine and verapamil in rat plasma was first developed and validated, using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via electrospray ionization (ESI). The method, which required a small sample volume (25 µL) of plasma, was linear in the concentration range of 0.5–500 ng/mL for vincristine and 0.1–100.0 ng/mL for verapamil. Finally, the method was successfully employed in a pharmacokinetic study of vincristine and verapamil in rats after an oral administration of a dual‐agent formulation containing vincristine and verapamil. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capsular perstraction as a novel methodology for the recovery and purification of geldanamycin
Authors: Whelehan Micheal , Marison Ian W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe molecular complex “Heat shock protein 90” has become a novel target for anticancer drugs in recent times on account of its ability to perform as a chaperone toward proteins involved in cancer progression. The geldanamycin binds to this complex with high affinity and prevents it from performing correctly, which results in tumor destruction. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of applying liquid‐core microcapsules as a novel technique (termed “capsular perstraction”), for the recovery and purification of geldanamycin from culture media. Results demonstrated how this procedure was capable of rapidly extracting >70% of geldanamycin from culture media using a liquid‐core volume to medium ratio of only 1%. Optimum conditions for removal, including agitation speed, microcapsule size, and membrane thickness were examined, and it was shown how the stagnant aqueous film around the microcapsules was the main resistance to mass transfer. A volumetric mass transfer coefficient of 5.66 × 10−6m/s was obtained for the highest agitation speed (400 rpm), which was considerable greater compared to the value of 0.88 × 10−6m/s achieved for the lowest speed of 100 rpm. Removal of geldanamycin from microcapsules was also examined to fully investigate the potential of such particles for in situ product recovery, and it was demonstrated how the methodology can be used as a simple mechanism for purifying the compound (>99%) through solvent extraction and crystallization. The results of this work demonstrate the novel use of capsular perstraction as a methodology for the recovery and purification of geldanamycin from culture environments. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Determining the mechanical properties of yeast cell walls
Authors: Stenson John D. , Hartley Peter , Wang Changxiang , Thomas Colin R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe intrinsic cell wall mechanical properties of Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells were determined. Force–deformation data from compression of individual cells up to failure were recorded, and these data were fitted by an analytical model to extract the elastic modulus of the cell wall and the initial stretch ratio of the cell. The cell wall was assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic, and incompressible. A linear elastic constitutive equation was assumed based on Hencky strains to accommodate the large stretches of the cell wall. Because of the high compression speed, water loss during compression could be assumed to be negligible. It was then possible to treat the initial stretch ratio and elastic modulus as adjustable parameters within the analytical model. As the experimental data fitted numerical simulations well up to the point of cell rupture, it was also possible to extract cell wall failure criteria. The mean cell wall properties for resuspended dried Baker's yeast were as follows: elastic modulus 185 ± 15 MPa, initial stretch ratio 1.039 ± 0.006, circumferential stress at failure 115 ± 5 MPa, circumferential strain at failure 0.46 ± 0.03, and strain energy per unit volume at failure 30 ± 3 MPa. Data on yeast cells obtained by this method and model should be useful in the design and optimization of cell disruption equipment for yeast cell processing. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Density Functional Characterization of Pure and Alkaline Earth Metal‐Doped Bi12GeO20, Bi12SiO20, and Bi12TiO20 Photocatalysts
Authors: Lu Jibao , Dai Ying , Zhu Yingtao , Huang Baibiao 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBi12MxO20±δ (hereafter BMO; M=Ti, Si, Ge) materials, which have been used as ferroelectric materials, actuators, capacitors, and dielectric and photorefractive materials, have attracted attention as photocatalysts and exhibit high photocatalytic activities in many reactions. However, seldom has work been performed on the geometric and electronic properties of the BMO structures and little is known about the effect of alkaline earth metal (AE) doping on them. In this study, the pure and AE‐doped BMO structures are investigated systematically for the first time by performing first‐principles calculations. The electronic structures of the three BMO species show that they should have high diffusion and low recombination rates of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Alkaline earth ions could easily be doped into the three BMO structures under O‐rich growth conditions, and the doping red‐shifts the absorption edge of the BMO with its reduction ability unchanged. These new AE‐doped materials could be excellent candidates for visible‐light‐activated photocatalysis.
Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from Heavy Hydrocarbons
Authors: Navarro Yerga Rufino. M. , Álvarez‐Galván M. Consuelo , Mota Noelia , Villoria de la Mano Jose A. , Al‐Zahrani Saeed M. , Fierro Jose L. G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSustainable hydrogen production is a key target in the development of future alternative energy systems for providing a clean and affordable energy supply. Nowadays, the lack of widely available sources of H2 dictates the use of logistic fuels, multicomponent mixtures containing a large number of hydrocarbons, in the near term as a way to facilitate the introduction of hydrogen in energy systems, as this option entails no extra capital cost for developing the infrastructure and so relieves the economic pressure on moving to a hydrogen economy. A further advantage is that developments in the field of hydrogen generation from conventional fuels could be applied to the extraction of hydrogen from other liquid fuels that contain heavy hydrocarbons produced from biomass, thereby providing a bridge for the transition of hydrogen production from fossil fuels to renewable production from biomass. Catalysts for hydrogen production from heavy hydrocarbons have made remarkable progress in recent years, but there are various technical challenges, mainly low activity and durability, that need to be addressed for future improvement. This Review provides an overview of the research progress on hydrogen production from logistic hydrocarbons. The challenges for catalysts applied to the reforming of logistic hydrocarbons are discussed in detail to reveal the specific needs for each of the main reforming processes used with such hydrocarbons: Steam reforming, partial oxidation, and autothermal reforming. The four challenges for each process are activity, sulfur poisoning, carbon formation, and sintering. An overview is provided of the research strategies and approaches adopted in search of catalysts that respond to the above challenges; that is, selection of active phase, promoters, and supports and control of the synthesis of materials for customizing the crystallinity, electronic structure and morphology of catalysts at the nanoscale.
Gaussian mixture models for the classification of high‐dimensional vibrational spectroscopy data
Authors: Jacques Julien , Bouveyron Charles , Girard Stéphane , Devos Olivier , Duponchel Ludovic , Ruckebusch Cyril 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this work, a family of generative Gaussian models designed for the supervised classification of high‐dimensional data is presented as well as the associated classification method called High‐Dimensional Discriminant Analysis (HDDA). The features of these Gaussian models are as follows: i) the representation of the input density model is smooth; ii) the data of each class are modeled in a specific subspace of low dimensionality; iii) each class may have its own covariance structure; iv) model regularization is coupled to the classification criterion to avoid data over‐fitting. To illustrate the abilities of the method, HDDA is applied on complex high‐dimensional multi‐class classification problems in mid‐infrared and near‐infrared spectroscopy and compared to state‐of‐the‐art methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximum Derivative of Left Ventricular Pressure Predicts Cardiac Mortality After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Suzuki Hirohiko , Shimano Masayuki , Yoshida Yukihiko , Inden Yasuya , Muramatsu Takashi , Tsuji Yukiomi , Tsuboi Naoya , Hirayama Haruo , Shibata Rei , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been reported to improve cardiac performance. However, CRT in patients with advanced heart failure is not always accompanied by an improvement in survival rates. We investigated the association between hemodynamic studies and long‐term prognosis after CRT.MethodsA total of 68 consecutive patients receiving CRT devices due to advanced heart failure were assessed by hemodynamic study and long‐term outcome after implantation of the device. Hemodynamic parameters were measured both with the CRT on and off.ResultsPatients demonstrated significant improvement in the maximum first derivative of left ventricular (LV) pressure (LV dP/dtmax) and QRS duration after periods with the CRT on. During the follow‐up period of 34.9 ± 17.6 months, basal LV dP/dtmax and isovolemic LV pressure half‐time (T1/2), but not percent change in LV dP/dtmax, were independent predictors of cardiac mortality or hospitalization due to heart failure after multivariate Cox regression analysis. The Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis revealed that patients in the lowest basal LV dP/dtmax tertile or the longest basal T1/2 tertile exhibited a significantly higher cardiac‐caused mortality or heart failure hospitalization.ConclusionsLower LV dP/dtmax or longer T1/2 independently predicts cardiac mortality or heart failure hospitalization in patients receiving CRT. The assessment of the basal LV dP/dtmax and T1/2 could provide useful information in long‐term prognosis after CRT. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This work was supported by grant from the Grant‐in‐Aid for Young Scientists, the Nakashima Foundation, and the Kowa Life Science Foundation to RS.Hirohiko Suzuki, MD and Masayuki Shimano, MD equally contributed to the work.
Slow Cardiac Myosin Regulatory Light Chain 2 (MYL2) was Down‐Expressed in Chronic Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Li Yuanhong , Wu Gang , Tang Qizhu , Huang Congxin , Jiang Hong , Shi Lisong , Tu Xin , Huang Jinqi , Zhu Xiaoqing , Wang Hongli 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundGenetic studies have shown that many slow cardiac myosin regulatory light chain 2 (MYL2) gene mutations can cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which is one of the most common causes of heart failure (HF). But until now there has been no pathological or histological evidence that MYL2 may be associated with HF development. Recent microarray studies indicated that myosin heavy chain expression changed in the pathological process of HF. Because MYL2 is a regulatory component of myosin heavy polypeptide, the role of MYL2 protein in HF needs to be studied.HypothesisThe level of expression of MYL2 may change in the heart tissue of patients with chronic HF.MethodsWe collected 28 human right auricle samples, 16 from chronic HF patients and 12 from healthy control subjects. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to observe the tissue‐expression pattern of the MYL2 protein and Western blot methods were performed to quantify the relative MYL2 expression level.ResultsIn chronic HF patients, the MYL2 protein level decreased significantly compared with normal controls (t test P < 0.05). Among the 16 HF patients, MYL2 expression in the severe HF group (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III or IV) was even lower than that of the moderate HF group (NYHA class II) (t test P < 0.05).ConclusionsMYL2 was down‐expressed in HF tissues, and our findings suggested that MYL2 may play a role in the development and progression of chronic HF. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The first two authors contributed equally to this work. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30800457, 30900803) and the Natural Science Program of Hubei Province (2009CDZ013). This study has no relationship with any kind of industry. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Coupled hard–soft tissue simulation with contact and constraints applied to jaw–tongue–hyoid dynamics
Authors: Stavness Ian , Lloyd John E. , Payan Yohan , Fels Sidney 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe present an open‐source physical simulation system suitable for efficient modeling of anatomical structures composed of both hard and soft tissue components, interconnected by point‐wise attachments, contact, and other constraints. Specific attention is paid to the computational formulation needed for the coupled simulation of rigid and deformable structures, and a constraint‐based mechanism is described for attaching these together. As an application of this system, we then present a novel 3D dynamic model of the jaw–tongue–hyoid complex, consisting of an FEM model of the tongue, rigid jaw, and hyoid structures, point‐to‐point muscle actuators, and constraints for bite contact and the temporomandibular joints. Several simulations are presented showing combined jaw–tongue actions and demonstrating the effects of coupled jaw–tongue–hyoid dynamics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A GEIL flow cytometry consensus proposal for quantification of plasma cells: Application to differential diagnosis between MGUS and myeloma
Authors: Frébet Elise , Abraham Julie , Geneviève Franck , Lepelley Pascale , Daliphard Sylvie , Bardet Valérie , Amsellem Sophie , Guy Julien , Mullier Francois , Durrieu Francoise , Venon Marie‐Dominique , Leleu Xavier , Jaccard Arnaud , Faucher Jean‐Luc , Béné Marie C. , Feuillard Jean ,   for the GEIL (Groupe d'Etude Immunologique des Leucémies) Study Group
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:Flow cytometry is the sole available technique for quantification of tumor plasma‐cells in plasma‐cell disorders, but so far, no consensus technique has been proposed. Here, we report on a standardized, simple, robust five color flow cytometry protocol developed to characterize and quantify bone marrow tumor plasma‐cells, validated in a multicenter manner.Methods:CD36 was used to exclude red blood cell debris and erythroblasts, CD38 and CD138 to detect plasma‐cells, immunoglobulin light chains, CD45, CD56, CD19, and CD117 + CD34 to simultaneously characterize abnormal plasma‐cells and quantify bone marrow precursors. This approach was applied in nine centers to 229 cases, including 25 controls.Results:Tumor plasma‐cells were detected in 96.8% of cases, all exhibiting an immunoglobulin peak over 1g/L. Calculation of a plasma‐cells/precursors (PC/P) ratio allowed quantification of the plasma‐cell burden independently from bone marrow hemodilution. The PC/P ratio yielded the best results in terms of sensitivity (81%) and specificity (84%) for differential diagnosis between MGUS and myeloma, when compared with other criteria. Combination of both the PC/P ratio and percentage of abnormal plasma‐cells allowed the best differential diagnosis, but these criteria were discordant in 25% cases. Indirect calculation of CD19 negative PC/R ratio gave the best results in terms of sensitivity (87%).Conclusion:This standardized multiparameter flow cytometric approach allows for the detection and quantification of bone marrow tumor plasma‐cell infiltration in nearly all cases of MGUS and myeloma, independently of debris and hemodilution. This approach may also prove useful for the detection of minimal residual disease. © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society