bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging the Architecture of Granulomas Induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection with Single-molecule Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Kumar Ranjeet , Kolloli Afsal , Subbian Selvakumar , Kaushal Deepak , Shi Lanbo , Tyagi Sanjay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Granulomas are an important hallmark of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. They are organized and dynamic structures created when immune cells assemble around the sites of infection in the lungs that locally restrict M. tuberculosis growth and the host’s inflammatory responses. The cellular architecture of granulomas is traditionally studied by immunofluorescence labeling of surface markers on the host cells. However, very few Abs are available for model animals used in tuberculosis research, such as nonhuman primates and rabbits, and secreted immunological markers such as cytokines cannot be imaged in situ using Abs. Furthermore, traditional phenotypic surface markers do not provide sufficient resolution for the detection of the many subtypes and differentiation states of immune cells. Using single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) and its derivatives, amplified smFISH and iterative smFISH, we developed a platform for imaging mRNAs encoding immune markers in rabbit and macaque tuberculosis granulomas. Multiplexed imaging for several mRNA and protein markers was followed by quantitative measurement of the expression of these markers in single cells. An analysis of the combinatorial expressions of these markers allowed us to classify the cells into several subtypes, and to chart their densities within granulomas. For one mRNA target, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, we imaged its mRNA and protein in the same cells, demonstrating the specificity of the probes. This method paves the way for defining granular differentiation states and cell subtypes from transcriptomic data, identifying key mRNA markers for these cell subtypes, and then locating the cells in the spatial context of granulomas.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19 in a multitransfused patient
Authors: Das Swarnalata , Ranjan Manas Behera , Das Palash 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID19 (MIS-C) is a unique clinical syndrome characterised by fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, skin and oral rash and or neurological symptoms in the presence of raised acute phase reactants and coagulopathy. Ferritin is an acute phase reactant which is used as a marker of inflammation. Diagnosis of MIS-C in the background of transfusion dependent thalassemia with iron overload needs a strong clinical suspicion. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are necessary to ensure a rapid uneventful recovery. A three-year-old male child born to non-consanguineously related parents reported to pediatric emergency with difficulty breathing and pain abdomen for one day. The child was a diagnosed case of Beta thalassemia major since the age of one year and was on regular transfusions and was on iron chelation for past eleven months with deferrasirox. Initial clinical examination showed a sick and irritable child with tachypnea tachycardia and hypoxia. Initial investigations showed raised acute phase reactants along with severe anemia. The child was investigated for MIS-C because of unexpected rise of serum ferritin from 1980 ng/mL (October 2020) to 6686 ng/mL (in January 2021) despite being on regular chelation. Antibody titre for SARS COVID-19 was positive. The patient was treated with intravenous corticosteroids and improved with the same. The advent of COVID19 pandemic saw most children having a mild disease with no or minimal symptoms. Some kids however presented with more serious delayed symptoms of MIS-C. To diagnose same in multi transfused patients a strong clinical suspicion and just judgement based on the clinical and laboratory findings should be done. Unexplained rise in ferritin levels, typical symptoms and high probability of exposure to COVID19 helped in clinching diagnosis.
Estimation of serum calcium levels in apheresis platelet donors
Authors: Arpitha P. , Thokala Ravindra Prasad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:
Apheresis is practiced widely to collect single donor platelets (SDPs). This procedure utilizes an anticoagulant acid citrate dextrose to prevent clotting of blood in the extracorporeal circuit which chelates divalent ions like calcium. This alters the calcium homeostasis resulting in hypocalcemia causing acute adverse events.

AIM:
The study aimed to know the calcium homeostasis in apheresis platelet donors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2020 in the department of transfusion medicine. The sample size was 50. Donors who walk in for voluntary SDP donation were selected. Total and ionized calcium, pH, and serum albumin for all the donors at baseline and ionic calcium at the end of the procedure and 30 min after the procedure were measured.

RESULTS:
According to statistical analysis of the ionic calcium level at pre procedure, immediate post procedure and 30 minutes post procedure, there was decrease in the value immediate post procedure and values returned to baseline within 30 minutes. The levels of pH change were analyzed. On comparing the preprocedure and immediate postprocedure values, there was a significant lowering of pH value from the baseline (P = 0.5), indicating acute lowering of pH immediate postprocedure. Hence, most of the citrate metabolism can be achieved within 30 min after completion of the apheresis procedure.

CONCLUSION:
SDP collection is essentially a safe procedure with minimal adverse effects. Toxicity of citrate is not much pronounced. Recovery of calcium levels is within 30 min of completion of plateletpheresis.
Donor lymphocyte infusions: An experience from a tertiary care center of North India
Authors: Lamba Divjot Singh , Tripathi Parmatma Prasad , Hans Rekha , Khadwal Alka , Sharma Ratti Ram 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) are often recommended products after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant to increase graft – versus – leukemia effect. More success rate of DLI has been reported in relapsed posttransplant chronic myeloid leukemia. Whatever the indication for DLI, mortality related to post-DLI infusion is 5%–20%, and more than one-third of patients will develop acute and/or chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) after DLI. We report two cases where DLIs were used for residual disease after posttransplant. Both of DLI went uneventful. None of the patient’s developed signs of GVHD postinfusion. Although both patients expired with different causes, none were related to DLI infusion. Information from published literature suggests that DLI should be administered early after relapse or as a prophylactic strategy in patients receiving T-cell-depleted grafts, and patients with aggressive diseases may benefit from disease reduction before DLI. However, further evidence is required to evaluate its efficacy, especially in relapsed or residual hematological malignancies.
A method for selecting P antigen-negative red cell units for patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Authors: Manchanayake Geethika Sajeewani 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
In the absence of specific antisera and molecular typing technique, selection of P antigen-negative red cell unit is a challenge. This article explains a new technique that can be used in emergency situations to screen P antigen-negative red cell unit for the transfusion of patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria tested positive for Donath-Landsteiner antibody. The technique is based on the theory behind the Donath-Landsteiner test, and it can be performed even in a transfusion laboratory with minimum facilities.
Psychosocial Burden in Parents Having Intellectually Disabled Children: A Hospital-based Study
Authors: Kumari Reena , Ray Tapas Kumar , Laskar Ananya Ray , Majumdar Ritu 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Intellectual disability is a non-communicable health disorder that has become a public health concern worldwide, with a marked impairment in communication, academic, and social skills. It is important to identify the level of psychological stress among parents of these children. Hence, this study was designed to assess the level of psychological stress among parents having intellectually disabled children.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient department (OPD) at Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital, New Delhi. Data were collected to analyze the psychological stress in families. Parental Stress Scale (PSS) was used as the tool to measure stress in parents.

Results:
A total of 170 mothers were enrolled in the study. In total, 14 different variables were considered plausible contributing factors to the mother’s stress. Four variables demonstrated a clear linear association between variable values and PSS. These variables were a) per-capita monthly family income, b) socioeconomic status, c) study subjects’ occupation, and d) duration of disability. The overall mean PSS for the entire cohort was found to be 47.14 ± 2.93. The reference criteria for low stress was 19–45, and it was 45–90 for high stress.

Conclusion:
The study suggests that mothers of children with intellectual disability experience high stress. Raising a child with special care needs is overwhelming for mothers. Appropriate clinical services should be provided to support parents of children with disabilities and offer resources to educate and enable mothers to manage their children’s disabilities and needs.
A Clinico - Microbial Study to Assess the Benefits of Medicinal Plant Extracts in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Srivastav Ankita , Ashish Saini , Dharmendra Saikia , Vandana Pant Aditya , Brijesh Sharma 
Published: June 2024

Background:
There has been an increasing trend for the development of natural formulations for plaque control using medicinal plants as an adjunct, which can be a feasible alternative as these are widely available, cost-effective, and have fewer side effects.

Aim:
The evaluation of the effects of medicinal plant extracts in chronic periodontitis (CP).

Materials and Methods:
This study was carried out in two phases; first the antibacterial activity of two medicinal plant extracts was tested on periodontal pathogens, thereafter, a clinical assessment was carried out on subjects with CP. Forty-five individuals suffering from CP were randomized into three different groups; Group A: Scaling and root planing (SRP) along with Piper longum rinse, Group B: SRP along with mixture of Tinospora cordifolia and P. longum rinse, Group C: SRP along with chlorhexidine (CHX) (control group). The clinical parameters (gingival index [GI], plaque index, gingival bleeding index [BI], probing pocket depth [PPD], and clinical attachment level [CAL]) were recorded at baseline and months 1 and 3. The intra- and intergroup comparison of clinical parameters for all groups at different time intervals was performed.

Results:
At the end of the trial, all the three groups showed a statistically significant reduction when compared to baseline for all the clinical parameters. In intergroup comparison, statistically significant reduction in GI, PPD, and CAL for both Group A and Group C was seen at 3 months as compared to Group B. Comparable reduction was seen between Group A and C for all the clinical parameters. Reduction in plaque and gingival BI was seen to be highest in Group A.

Conclusion:

P. longum can be effectively utilized as an additive to mechanical periodontal treatment in comparison to CHX mouthwash for CP patients.
The effects of an adapted walking program on fatigue levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A pilot study
Authors: Singh Rupali , Singh Gurpreet 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
Fatigue is a common complaint in people with type 2 diabetes, but there is limited research investigating methods to decrease fatigue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 10-week walking program on fatigue levels in people with type 2 diabetes.

PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS:
The study consisted of 12 individuals (7 males/5 females; average age 59.2 ± 10.6 years and body mass index [BMI] 36.93 ± 7.15 kg/m2). Each participant was given an individualized walking program with a step goal for each week determined by individual fatigue levels. Fatigue was assessed using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20). Other outcome measures included; BMI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Fasting Blood Glucose, Visual Analog Scale, Diabetes-39, Duke Health Profile, and 6 min Walk Test.

RESULTS:
The Wilcoxon Signed–Ranked Test and Spearman’s Rank Correlation Test were used to determine the effectiveness of the walking intervention and to test the relationship between the number of steps walked and other outcome measures. A decline in fatigue scores (P = .005) was seen after the intervention. An average increase in steps walked negatively correlated with total MFI-20 scores postintervention (r = −0.833; P = .010).

CONCLUSION:
The walking intervention was found to help decrease fatigue in people with type 2 diabetes.
Prevalence of flexible and rigid flatfoot among adolescents and its association with body mass index
Authors: Kaur Mohineet , Kaur Navjot 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:

CONTEXT:
Flatfoot is a common foot condition that can be classified into flexible or rigid flatfoot. It is more prevailing among young children, adolescents, and adults. There has been an association seen between flatfoot and increased weight; however, the research is more focused on the prevalence of flatfoot in younger children.

AIMS:
The purpose of the present study is to report the prevalence of the flexible and rigid flatfoot and its association with body mass index (BMI) among adolescents.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
One-hundred adolescents including both males and females were included from Sri Guru Harkrishan Public School, Amritsar. Parental consent was obtained through the process of informed consent. The height and weight of subjects were measured using a standard apparatus.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Obesity was calculated by BMI. Flatfoot assessment was done using the Staheli index and plantar arch index (PAI), and flatfoot severity was graded with the Denis method. A relationship between BMI and flatfoot was observed.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS 15 version statistical program for Microsoft Windows. The statistical analysis employed included calculating the average, standard deviation, cumulative percentage, conducting a t-test, and performing Pearson’s correlation test. The probability value P ≤ 0.05 was statistically significant.

RESULTS:
Fourteen percent of participants had left flatfoot, and 8% had right flatfoot. Further, left and right flatfoot types were also analyzed, and it was found that 12% of participants had flexible flatfoot on the left, and 5% had it on the right. The results showed a positive correlation between BMI and the right foot (r = 0.222, P = 0.026), indicating that as BMI increases; the right PAI also increases. However, there was no significant correlation between BMI and left foot (r = 0.111, P = 0.273).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study found a low prevalence of flexible and rigid flatfoot among adolescents; however, a positive correlation between BMI and flatfoot was found, indicating that individuals with higher BMI may be at increased risk for flatfoot. The findings of this study suggest that flexible flatfoot is common among adolescents, whereas rigid flatfoot is rare.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among traditional pottery makers at selected places in Bengaluru – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Holla Pavana , Shenai Anusha V. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:

CONTEXT:
Pottery is defined as clay that has been fashioned into the desired shape and then dried to reduce its water content before being fried or baked to fix its form. The artisans living in traditional societies are normally influenced by their environment as well as by their myths, legends, rituals, ceremonies, festivals, social organization, and cultural norms which are reflected in their creations. The poor environmental conditions and the lack of protective equipment in these pottery workshops are key contributing factors to the development of these occupational diseases. Most pottery industries are small- to medium-scale industries and have longer and irregular working hours, a higher percentage of elderly employees, limited opportunities for health education or health inspection, and insufficient health promotion facilities compared with large companies. These factors are considered to play an important part in the development of occupational diseases and some nonspecific diseases such as psychosomatic, cardiovascular, and locomotor diseases among pottery workers. Traditional pottery making has its unique method of potter-work where it demands prolonged squatting without back support for hours which can develop musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).

AIMS:
The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD) among traditional pottery makers at selected places in Bengaluru.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in two rural communities of Bengaluru. One hundred and ten traditional pottery makers were randomly selected.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Subjects were screened for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD) using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, following which the pottery makers who reported low back pain (LBP) were screened for the severity of disability using the Modified Oswestry LBP Disability Questionnaire (M-OSW). The results obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS 25.0.

RESULTS:
The result showed the highest prevalence of MSDs in the lower back, the findings of this study confirmed the work-related stress on traditional pottery makers. In the present study, the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder was found in the lower back, of which had trouble in the last 12 months, 56.36% were having trouble during the last 7 days, and 19.09% were prevented from doing normal activities during the last 12 months. The prevalence of MSDs during the last 12 months revealed that the maximum of them, i.e., 24.54%, were having pain in the lower back. The present study also found MSDs prevalent in the hip joint and knee joint due to the occupational need to complete the work on prolonged squatting.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study concluded that prolonged work exposure and awkward work postural demand increase the incidence of MSD among traditional pottery makers in Bengaluru.
Starting with the Spirit
Authors: Habets Myk , Liston Gregory J. 
Published: June 2024

Trinitarian in its foundation, pneumatological in its impetus, and comprehensive in its scope, Third Article Theology (TAT) is both a method and a theology.As a method, TAT intentionally views reality through the lens of the Spirit. As a theology, the insights that arise from an approach that prioritizes pneumatology are deep and rich, offering a penetrating vision into today's central and defining theological issues.
This volume introduces the reader to the methodology of TAT and some of the many theological insights that have arisen from its utilization. Further, it provides the tools and techniques to invite and inform the reader to participate in the efficient and pastoral exercise of viewing reality from a pneumatological perspective, to catch a vision of the world as infused with the power, presence, and potential of the Spirit, and to lead their lives accordingly.
Designed for classroom use, it includes several pedagogical features such as case studies engaging with critical areas of contemporary concern.
Questioning Geopolitics
Authors: Greer Scott L. , Derluguian Georgi M. 
Published: June 2024

This volume takes an enlightened step back from the ongoing discussion of globalization. The authors reject the notion that globalization is an analytically useful term. Rather, this volume shows globalization as merely the framework of the current political debate on the future of world power. Some of the many other novel ideas advanced by the authors include: the explicit prediction that East Asia is not going to become the center of the world; the contention that the USSR collapsed for the same reasons that nearly brought down the United States in 1973; and the notion that the regional economic networks that are emerging from under the modern states are in fact rather old formations.
The articles in the volume are organized around three main themes. Part One explores both the changing patterns of global power from the viewpoint of geopolitics and the Gramscian approach to the study of international relations. Part Two further develops the debate among a number of eminent historians and sociologists challenging both the apologists for and the opponents of globalization in new and unexpected ways. Part Three traces the emergence of regional economic networks and explores the ambiguous problems of security and identity posed by the old-new transborder formations.
Read It Forward
Authors: Kay Linda 
Published: June 2024

With this practical guide, it's easy to implement the proven fun—and learning—of a read-it-forward program in your middle school library. Teens recommend books to other teens, offering a surefire way to promote books and reading.
Finding the right book for each student is almost impossible if you serve several hundred students, as most school librarians do.Read It Forwardoffers an innovative way around that problem: a program that lets librarians saturate the school with a title that encourages middle school students to read for pleasure. As an added bonus, Read It Forward (RIF) creates learning opportunities that can be leveraged across the curriculum.
The program presented here is based on the author's experience with a community RIF project that was a collaborative effort among nine middle school librarians from schools with varying needs and socioeconomic levels. This thoroughly practical book takes librarians through the process step by step, offering specific examples of what worked and what didn't, then showing how the process can be extended to almost any book. The author also discusses other aspects of running a successful RIF program—such as getting buy-in from school administrators, the PTA, and department chairs—so that parents and teachers can collaborate in the experience.