bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged anemia in an intrauterine‐transfused neonate with Rh‐hemolytic disease: no evidence for anti‐D–related suppression of erythropoiesis in vitro
Authors: Dorn Isabel , Schlenke Peter , Härtel Christoph 
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND: Rh‐hemolytic disease may be complicated in some cases by a prolonged postnatal anemia with an extended need for postnatal red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Besides ongoing hemolysis, marrow suppression and erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency are discussed as underlying mechanisms of this so‐called “late hyporegenerative anemia.”CASE REPORT: We present a case of a newborn with Rh‐hemolytic disease caused by anti‐D who received several intrauterine RBC transfusions. After birth, no reticulocytes or D+ RBCs were detectable in peripheral blood of the infant; thus further RBC transfusions were necessary. Administration of intravenous immunoglobulins had no obvious effect. Reticulocytes first became detectable 15 weeks after birth, when anti‐D titer had decreased to 16. A few days later, hemoglobin started to increase and no further treatment was necessary. To investigate whether anti‐D is able to cause maturation arrest of erythroid progenitors, maternal serum was added to an in vitro assay of erythropoiesis, induced from human CD34+ cells.RESULTS: In this case, no variables of hemolysis (e.g., elevated bilirubin) were observed. The EPO level was normal and a marrow sample showed increased erythropoiesis. The in vitro erythropoiesis assay revealed no influence of anti‐D on RBC proliferation and differentiation.CONCLUSION: Anemia in our patient seemed to be mainly caused by ongoing intramedullar hemolysis due to persistent high anti‐D titers. In such cases, variables for hemolysis are not necessarily found. Release of patient's own RBCs into the circulation may become sufficient when anti‐D has declined to a very low level of approximately 16.
Cryoprecipitate prepared from plasma frozen within 24 hours after phlebotomy contains acceptable levels of fibrinogen and VIIIC
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Hassett Andrea Cortese , Kiss Joseph E. 
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND: As blood centers prepare fewer plasma products from female donors to avoid HLA antibodies, the standard starting material for cryoprecipitate (cryo), fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP), might become increasingly scarce. A unit of cryo must contain at a minimum 80 IU of VIIIC and 150 mg of fibrinogen. Plasma frozen within 24 hours after phlebotomy (FP24) contains nearly equivalent levels of clotting factors as FFP at the time of thawing and, although not AABB/FDA approved for this purpose, might be a suitable starting material for cryo (cryo24) manufacture.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: FP24 was collected from 20 male donors and cryo24 was subsequently prepared according to standard blood center protocols. The cryo24 was then thawed and VIIIC, von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen, and fibrinogen levels were measured in these cryo24 units and compared to the corresponding levels in 20 randomly selected units of standard cryo (prepared from FFP).RESULTS: The mean (±SD) levels in cryo and cryo24 at the time of thawing were as follows: fibrinogen (mg/unit) 455.8 (±172.6) and 575.8 (±185.9; p = 0.04), VIIIC (IU/unit) 216.1 (±52.3) and 252.4 (±70.1; p = 0.07), and VWF (IU/unit) 448.1 (±118.9) and 505.9 (±135.1; p = 0.16), respectively. All units of standard cryo and cryo24 met the current minimum content standards.CONCLUSION: All units of cryo24 in this pilot study met the current minimum content standards for cryo. While clinical studies of its efficacy are warranted, cryo24's in vitro characteristics are at least equivalent to that of standard cryo.
Ethnic variations in facial skin neurosensitivity assessed by capsaicin detection thresholds
Authors: Jourdain Roland , Maibach Howard I. , Bastien Philippe , De Lacharrière Olivier , Breton Lionel 
Published: December 2009

Background: Ethnic variations in sensitive skin have not been thoroughly explored and remain controversial. Objective: To objectively assess ethnic variations in facial skin neurosensitivity through individual detection thresholds of topically applied capsaicin. Patients/Methods: The single‐blind, controlled study was performed in 144 women from three ethnicities: Asian, African, and Caucasian. Five solutions with increasing capsaicin concentration were successively applied to one side of nasolabial folds, while the other side simultaneously received the vehicle as control. The test was discontinued when the volunteer reported on the capsaicin side a sensation whatever its nature. Otherwise the experimenter continued the test, using the next solution with higher capsaicin content and so on, until the subject experienced a sensation on the capsaicin side. Results: Each ethnic group was divided into six sub‐groups according to the level of sensitivity to capsaicin, i.e. from detection of the lowest concentration up to no detection of the highest concentration, 100‐fold higher. Asian women tended to have higher capsaicin detection thresholds than Caucasians, but lower thresholds than Africans. Nevertheless, the distribution did not greatly differ between the three ethnicities. Conclusions: The capsaicin skin neurosensitivity test is painless and the changes across individuals of different ethnic backgrounds appear minimal.
Effects of non‐native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) on threatened juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in an Idaho stream
Authors: Macneale K. H. , Sanderson B. L. , Courbois J.‐Y. P. , Kiffney P. M. 
Published: December 2009

Macneale KH, Sanderson BL, Courbois J‐YP, Kiffney PM. Effects of non‐native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) on threatened juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in an Idaho stream. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 139–152. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Non‐native fishes have been implicated in the decline of native species, yet the mechanisms responsible are rarely apparent. To examine how non‐native brook trout may affect threatened juvenile Chinook salmon, we compared feeding behaviours and aggressive encounters between these sympatric fish in Summit Creek, Idaho. Snorkelers observed 278 focal fish and examined diets from 27 fish in late summer 2003. Differences in feeding behaviours and diets suggest that there was minimal current competition for prey, although individual Chinook feeding activity declined as their encounter rate with other fish increased. While difference in size between fish generally determined the outcome of encounters (larger fish ‘winning’), it was surprising that in some interspecific encounters aggressive Chinook displaced slightly larger brook trout (≤20 mm longer). We suggest that in late summer, frequent intraspecific interactions may be more important than interspecific interactions in potentially limiting Chinook growth in Summit Creek and perhaps in other oligotrophic streams where they co‐occur.
Experience in Cambodia With the Use of a Culturally Relevant Developmental Milestone Chart for Children in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries
Authors: Scherzer Alfred L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe awareness and knowledge of developmental milestones among health practitioners need to be enhanced to better enable early identification and intervention with children who have delays in development, intellectual deficit, and developmental disabilities and are residents in low‐and middle‐income countries. To meet this end, a simple one‐page check‐off developmental milestone chart for age groups birth to eight years was developed as an outgrowth of a training program for pediatricians in Cambodia. Expected milestones for gross motor, fine motor, language, and social development were charted for each age group, and then validation trials were performed in an outpatient clinic over two years. It was observed that 25% and 31.5% of children failed to achieve one or more age‐appropriate developmental milestones in trials held in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The author observes that referral for further evaluation, parental education/support, early child care, and early intervention would need to be based on subsequent trials of more culturally accurate local milestones, and further studies to determine an acceptable number of milestone failures that would yield the least false positives. Similar processes for developing instruments, utilizing local culturally appropriate developmental milestones, are recommended for training purposes and regular clinic use in other low‐ and middle‐income countries.
The spin-orbit angle of the transiting hot Jupiter CoRoT-1b
Authors: Pont F. , Endl M. , Cochran W. D. , Barnes S. I. , Sneden C. , MacQueen P. J. , Moutou C. , Aigrain S. , Alonso R. , Baglin A. , Bouchy F. , Deleuil M. , Fridlund M. , Hébrard G. , Hatzes A. , Mazeh T. , Shporer A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
We measure the angle between the planetary orbit and the stellar rotation axis in the transiting planetary system CoRoT-1, with new HIRES/Keck and FORS/VLT high-accuracy photometry. The data indicate a highly tilted system, with a projected spin-orbit angle λ= 77°± 11°. Systematic uncertainties in the radial velocity data could cause the actual errors to be larger by an unknown amount, and this result needs to be confirmed with further high-accuracy spectroscopic transit measurements. Spin-orbit alignment has now been measured in a dozen extra-solar planetary systems, and several show strong misalignment. The first three misaligned planets were all much more massive than Jupiter and followed eccentric orbits. CoRoT-1, however, is a jovian-mass close-in planet on a circular orbit. If its strong misalignment is confirmed, it would break this pattern. The high occurrence of misaligned systems for several types of planets and orbits favours planet–planet scattering as a mechanism to bring gas giants on very close orbits.
Spatial transmission of avian influenza (type H5) in birds
Authors: LI Xinhai , LIU Xiaoming , XU Lei , ZHANG Zhibin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 continues to threaten domestic and wild birds, as well as human health. However, the mechanism of spatial transmission of HPAI is still unclear. We analyzed the current distribution of HPAI occurrences based on World Organization for Animal Health reported data from 3049 sites in the world from December 2003 to June 2006, and found that these sites were spaced at distances with a frequency peak of 100–200 km. We built a cellular automata model to simulate the spatial transmission process of HPAI as a function of transmission distance, variance of the transmission distance, infection rate, and transmission times (how many times HPAI transmits from one host to another before suppression). We determined that the transmission distance between HPAI occurrences is approximately 100 km on the basis of historical HPAI occurrences from 2003 to 2006 in both wild and domestic birds. To effectively reduce the long‐distance spreading of HPAI, preventing close contact between domestic birds and waterfowl within a radius of 100 km around HPAI occurrence sites is essential.
Body size structure of Pleistocene mammalian communities: what support is there for the “island rule”?
Authors: PALOMBO Maria R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIslands are often regarded by scientists as living laboratories of evolution and an optimal context for the study of forces influencing evolution and diversification. Two main issues have been attentively scrutinized and debated: the loss of biodiversity and the peculiar changes undergone by island settlers, primarily changes in size of endemic vertebrates. Over time, several hypotheses have been formulated to explain the causal mechanism of body size modification. Faunas of those islands where mainland taxa migrate more than once provide the most interesting data to answer the question of whether or not trends of insular taxa result from a predictable response to differences in competition and availability of niches between insular and mainland environments. To contribute to the debate, the body size structure of the Pleistocene mammalian faunas from two Mediterranean islands, Sicily and Crete, were analyzed and compared with the structure of coeval mainland faunas.The results obtained suggest that: (i) size of endemic species does not directly depend on the area of islands; (ii) evolution and size of endemic species seems somewhat affected by the degree of isolation (constraining colonization from mainland) and physiography (sometimes permitting adaptive radiation); (iii) in unbalanced insular communities, the shift in size of non‐carnivorous species largely depends on the nature of competing species; and (iv) body size of carnivorous species mainly depends on the size of the most available prey. Consequently, it is rational to suppose that the body size of insular mammals mainly results from the peculiar biological dynamics that characterizes unbalanced insular communities. Ecological interaction, particularly the intraguild competition, is the major driver behind the evolution of insular communities, leading towards an optimization of energy balance through a change in body size of endemic settlers.
Phenotypic characteristics of novel swine‐origin influenza A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) virus
Authors: Kiseleva Irina , Larionova Natalie , Kuznetsov Vasily , Rudenko Larisa 
Published: December 2009

Background  The 2009 novel A(H1N1) virus appears to be of swine origin. This strain causing the current outbreaks is a new virus that has not been seen previously either in humans or animals. We have previously reported that viruses causing pandemics or large outbreaks were able to grow at a temperature above the normal physiological range (temperature resistance, non‐ts phenotype), were found to be inhibitor resistant and restricted in replication at suboptimal temperature (sensitivity to grow at low temperature, non‐ca phenotype). In this study, we performed phenotypic analysis of novel A(H1N1) virus to evaluate its pandemic potential and its suitability for use in developing a live attenuated influenza vaccine.Objectives  The goal of this study is to identify phenotypic properties of novel A(H1N1) influenza virus.Methods  A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) swine‐origin influenza virus was studied in comparison with some influenza A viruses isolated in different years with respect to their ability to grow at non‐permissive temperatures. We also analyzed its sensitivity to gamma‐inhibitors of animal sera and its ability to agglutinate chicken, human and guinea pig erythrocytes.Results  Swine‐origin A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) virus was found to be non‐ts and inhibitor resistant and was not able to grow at 25°C (non‐ca). We did not find any difference in the ability of the hemagglutinin of A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) virus to bind to erythrocytes of different origin.Conclusion  The novel swine‐origin A(H1N1) virus displays a phenotype typical of the past pandemic and epidemic viruses. This finding suggests that this virus might be a good wild type parental prototype for live vaccine for potential use for controlling pandemic influenza.
Congenital glottic web: Management and anatomical observation
Authors: Amir Mohamed , Youssef Tamer 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntroduction:  Congenital anterior glottis web is a rare congenital laryngeal anomaly presenting usually by either dysphonia or airway obstruction. Several ways for managing this condition have been proposed including endoscopic, as well as external techniques.Objective:  The purpose of this study is to present our experience and to review the experience of others with cases of congenital glottic web regarding their diagnosis, classification and management.Methods:  It is a retrospective study, which included six infants and children; two groups were identified; first group included 3 patients who were treated by endoscopic laser lysis of webs, followed by topical application of mitomycin C (MMC) to the fresh wound, and the other group included 3 patients who underwent open surgical correction, by Laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR). Information recorded included; age, sex, presentation, grading of lesions, surgery performed, residual web, and outcome. Assessment and documentation of subglottic extension independent from the glottic extension of the web was also done.Results:  All webs were grade 2, 3 and 4 according to Cohen's classification. We observed in five cases that high grade webs (grade 3 and 4) usually had thick subglottic extension, but in one case (case 2 laser) high grade web (grade 4) had thin subglottic extension. Complications included; two recurrences one after laser surgery and the other one after LTR. All appropriate patients were decannulated post LTR.Conclusion:  Use of laser and MMC is good in thin glottic webs; LTR is indicated in glottic webs with thick subglottic extension. Not all high grade webs have thick subglottic extension. So, thickness of web and subglottic extension has to be assessed during microlaryngeal surgery, by laser incision and examination of web thickness to determine the appropriate management.Please cite this paper as: Amir M and Youssef T. Congenital glottic web: management and anatomical observation. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2010; 4: 202–207.
DNA barcodes provide new evidence of a recent radiation in the genusSporophila(Aves: Passeriformes)
Authors: CAMPAGNA LEONARDO , LIJTMAER DARÍO A. , KERR KEVIN C. R. , BARREIRA ANA S. , HEBERT PAUL D. N. , LOUGHEED STEPHEN C. , TUBARO PABLO L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe capuchinos are a group of birds in the genusSporophilathat has apparently radiated recently, as evidenced by their lack of mitochondrial genetic diversity. We obtained cytochromecoxidase I (COI) sequences (or DNA barcodes) for the 11 species of the group and various outgroups. We compared the patterns of COI variability of the capuchinos with those of the largest barcode data set from neotropical birds currently available (500 species representing 51% of avian richness in Argentina), and subjected COI sequences to neighbour‐joining, maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses as well as statistical parsimony network analysis. A clade within the capuchinos, the southern capuchinos, showed higher intraspecific and lower interspecific divergence than the remaining Argentine species. As most of the southern capuchinos shared COI haplotypes and pairwise distances within species were in many cases higher than distances between them, the phylogenetic affinities within the group remained unresolved. The observed genetic pattern is consistent with both incomplete lineage sorting and gene flow between species. The southern capuchinos constitute the only large group of species among the neotropical birds barcoded so far that are inseparable when using DNA barcodes, and one of few multispecies avian groups known to lack reciprocal monophyly. Extending the analysis to rapidly evolving nuclear and mitochondrial markers will be crucial to understanding this radiation. Apart from giving insights into the evolution of the capuchinos, this study shows how DNA barcoding can rapidly flag species or groups of species worthy of deeper study.
Spontaneous closure of lamellar macular holes studied by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Theodossiadis Panagiotis G. , Grigoropoulos Vlassis G. , Emfietzoglou Ioannis , Nikolaidis Pantelis , Papathanasiou Miltiadis , Theodossiadis George P. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  To document and study the spontaneous closure of lamellar macular holes (LMH) by optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods:  Two women with LMH, 62 and 71 years old, respectively, were followed up with fundoscopy, fundus photography and OCT.Results:  In both patients spontaneous closure of LMH was observed 11 and 21 months after baseline examination, respectively. The foveal thickness in case 1 increased from 84 μm at baseline to 162 μm at the final examination. The foveal thickness in case 2 increased from 48 μm at baseline to 148 μm at the final examination. The foveal contour was also restored in both eyes. The foveal morphology was preserved in both eyes during the follow‐up period.Conclusion:  In both patients the spontaneous closure of LMH could be attributed to the shrinkage of the hole or the release of the tension on the retinal surface, which followed the complete posterior vitreous detachment and separation of epiretinal membrane from the retina.
Outbreak of Skin Infections in College Football Team Members Due to an Unusual Strain of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Fontanilla Jose-Mario , Kirkland Kathryn B. , Talbot Elizabeth A. , Powell Kenton E. , Schwartzman Joseph D. , Goering Richard V. , Parsonnet Jeffrey 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT

We report a skin and soft-tissue infection outbreak among football team members due to a USA300 methicillin-susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) strain with genes coding for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and the arginine catabolic mobile element. We postulate that the strain is a community-associated USA300 MRSA strain that lost methicillin resistance but retained important virulence factors.
A Conversation with John B. Fenn
Authors: Fenn John B. , El-Shall M. Samy 
Published: December 2009

Editor's Note Every year, the Editorial Committee of each Annual Reviews series asks an internationally distinguished researcher to prepare a prefatory article for the volume being planned. It was an easy choice for us to seek a contribution from John B. Fenn (b. 1917), who since 1994 has been a professor of analytical chemistry at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. Few people have achieved the originality and the impact that John Fenn has shown in his development of new instruments for chemical analysis. Anyone using supersonic jet expansions or electrospray ionization owes a huge debt to this special individual, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002. A full account of the development of electrospray ionization may be found in Fenn's 2002 article in the Journal of Biomolecular Techniques (see Related Resources at the end of the interview). What follows is a transcript of an interview that Fenn's colleague Professor Samy El-Shall kindly conducted on our behalf. This interview captures the spirit and the imagination of this singular individual. It also shows that the path to discovery is seldom straight and narrow. -Richard N. Zare