bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebellar asymmetry in a pair of monozygotic handedness‐discordant twins
Authors: Rosch Richard Ewald , Ronan Lisa , Cherkas Lynn , Gurd Jennifer Mary 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIncreasing evidence for a cerebellar role in human cognition has accrued with respect to anatomically and functionally distinct lobules. Questions of laterality, however, have been largely overlooked. This study therefore introduced and applied a novel measurement protocol for comparatively bias‐free analysis of cerebellar asymmetries. Volumetric measurements were performed on magnetic resonance images from a single pair of monozygotic handedness‐discordant twins. Against a background of functional cortical asymmetry for verbal and visuo‐spatial functional magnetic resonance imaging activation, which was mirrored in the left‐handed twin (Lux et al. 2008), between‐twin differences in cerebellar asymmetry are described. Interestingly, asymmetry measures for the whole cerebellum did not correspond to either the direction of hand preference or to the weaker (functional magnetic resonance imaging) lateralization of the left‐handed twin. The twins both showed clockwise cerebellar torques. This mirrored a counter‐clockwise cerebral torque in the right‐handed twin only. Selected single cerebellar lobules V and VII displayed between‐twin laterality differences that partially reflected their discrepant handedness. Whole cerebellum anatomical measures appeared to be unrelated to single functional cortical asymmetries. These analyses contribute further anatomical evidence pertaining to the existence of multiple structurally and functionally distinct cortico‐cerebellar networks of the healthy human brain in vivo.
Limb bone allometry during postnatal ontogeny in non‐avian dinosaurs
Authors: Kilbourne Brandon M. , Makovicky Peter J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlthough the interspecific scaling of tetrapods is well understood, remarkably little work has been done on the ontogenetic scaling within tetrapod species, whether fossil or recent. Here the ontogenetic allometry of the femur, humerus, and tibia was determined for 23 species of non‐avian dinosaur by regressing log‐transformed length against log‐transformed circumference for each bone using reduced major axis bivariate regression. The femora of large theropod species became more robust during ontogeny, whereas growth in the femora of sauropodomorphs and most ornithischians was not significantly different from isometry. Hadrosaur hindlimb elements became significantly more gracile during ontogeny. Scaling constants were higher in all theropods than in any non‐theropod taxa. Such clear taxonomically correlated divisions were not evident in the ontogenetic allometry of the tibia and hindlimb bones did not scale uniformly within larger taxonomic groups. For taxa in which the ontogenetic allometry of the humerus was studied, only Riojasaurus incertus exhibited a significant departure from isometry. Using independent contrasts, the regression of femoral allometry against the log of adult body mass was found to have a significant negative correlation but such a relationship could not be established for other limb elements or growth parameters, mainly due to the small sample size. The intraspecific scaling patterns observed in dinosaurs and other amniotes do not support earlier hypotheses that intraspecific scaling differs between endothermic and ectothermic taxa.
Interhemispheric ERP asymmetries over inferior parietal cortex reveal differential visual working memory maintenance for fearful versus neutral facial identities
Authors: Sessa Paola , Luria Roy , Gotler Alex , Jolicœur Pierre , Dell'acqua Roberto 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe goal of the present investigation was to discover whether visual working memory maintenance for faces is modulated by facial expression using event‐related potentials (ERPs). Each trial consisted of two sequential arrays, a memory array and a test array, each including either two or four faces with neutral or fearful expressions. The faces were displayed to the left and to the right of a central fixation cross. Two central arrows cued participants to encode one face or two faces displayed on one side of the memory array. The sustained posterior contralateral negativity (SPCN) component of the ERP time‐locked to the onset of the memory array was used as an index of visual working memory maintenance. Visual working memory performance was quantified using indexes of memory capacity (Cowan's K and K‐iterative), a standard index of sensitivity (d'), and reaction times (RTs). Relative to neutral faces, superior memory and longer change‐detection RTs to fearful face identities were observed when two faces were displayed on the cued side of the memory array. Fearful faces elicited an enhanced SPCN relative to neutral faces, especially when only one face was displayed on the cued side of the memory array. These findings suggest increased maintenance in visual working memory of faces with a fearful expression relative to faces with a neutral expression and that the representational format in which fearful faces are stored in memory may be characterized by enhanced resolution relative to that subtended in the maintenance of neutral faces.
Testing asymmetries in noncognate translation priming: Evidence from RTs and ERPs
Authors: Schoonbaert Sofie , Holcomb Phillip J. , Grainger Jonathan , Hartsuiker Robert J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this study, English–French bilinguals performed a lexical decision task while reaction times (RTs) and event related potentials (ERPs) were measured to L2 targets, preceded by noncognate L1 translation primes versus L1 unrelated primes (Experiment 1a) and vice versa (Experiment 1b). The prime–target stimulus onset asynchrony was 120 ms. Significant masked translation priming was observed, indicated by faster reaction times and a decreased N400 for translation pairs as opposed to unrelated pairs, both from L1 to L2 (Experiment 1a) and from L2 to L1 (Experiment 1b), with the latter effect being weaker (RTs) and less longer lasting (ERPs). A translation priming effect was also found in the N250 ERP component, and this effect was stronger and earlier in the L2 to L1 priming direction than the reverse. The results are discussed with respect to possible mechanisms at the basis of asymmetric translation priming effects in bilinguals.
Neural response to action and reward prediction errors: Comparing the error‐related negativity to behavioral errors and the feedback‐related negativity to reward prediction violations
Authors: Potts Geoffrey F. , Martin Laura E. , Kamp Siri‐Maria , Donchin Emanuel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe error‐related negativity (ERN) is thought to index an anterior cingulate (ACC) behavioral monitoring system. The feedback ERN (FRN) is elicited to error feedback when the correct response is not known, but also when a choice outcome is suboptimal and to passive reward prediction violation, suggesting that the monitoring system may not be restricted to actions. This study used principal components analysis to show that the ERN consists of a single central component whereas the reward prediction violation FRN is comprised of central and prefrontal components. A prefrontal component is also present in action monitoring but occurs later, at the error positivity latency. This suggests that ACC monitors both actions and events for reward prediction error. Prefrontal cortex may update reward expectation based on the prediction violation with the latency difference due to differential processing time for motor and perceptual information.
Native primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids attacking an invasive aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum in Japan
Authors: TAKADA Hajimu , NAKAMURA Takashi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSince the invasion of Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum from North America we searched for parasitoids of this aphid on Solidago altissima in Japan to determine what species of native parasitoids attack the newly invasive aphid. We found three primary parasitoid species: Ephedrus plagiator and Praon yomenae (Braconidae, Aphidiinae) and Aphelinus albipodus (Aphelinidae). We also found eight hyperparasitoid species: Syrphophagus sp. (Encyrtidae), Dendrocerus carpenteri (Megaspilidae), Asaphes suspensus (Pteromalidae) and Pachyneuron aphidis (Pteromalidae) through both E. plagiator and A. albipodus; Phaenoglyphis villosa (Figitidae, Charipinae), Aprostocetus sp. (Eulophidae, Tetrastichinae) and D. laticeps through E. plagiator, and Alloxysta sp. nr brevis (Figitidae, Charipinae) through A. albipodus. Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum is usually attacked by rather polyphagous primary parasitoids, E. plagiator and A. albipodus, in Japan, where an oligophagous parasitoid specialized to allied aphid species is probably absent. The hyperparasitoid community of U. nigrotuberculatum is common to those of the aphids occurring in open field‐type habitats in Japan.
Comparative analysis of volatile components from labial glands of male Japanese bumblebees (Bombus spp.)
Authors: KUBO Ryohei , ONO Masato 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe volatile components from the labial glands of males of six Japanese bumblebee species were analyzed and compared. Clear species‐specificity was found. Ethyl dodecanoate was identified as the major component from the glands of Bombus (Bombus) hypocrita hypocrita and Bombus (Bombus) hypocrita sapporoensis while dihydrofarnesal and dihydrofarnesol were the major components from Bombus (Bombus) ignitus. Citronellol and trans,trans‐farnesol were found from Bombus (Pyrobombus) ardens ardens and Bombus (Diversobombus) diversus diversus, respectively. trans,trans‐Farnesol was also found from Bombus (Diversobombus) diversus tersatus in Hokkaido. Such differences strongly suggest that these chemicals play an important role in reproductive isolation between sympatric species of Japanese bumblebees.
Skipping flights in Ypthima butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: SUGIURA Munenori , IMAFUKU Michio , OHTANI Takeshi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe skipping flight patterns of three species of Ypthima (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) were analyzed using high‐speed video recordings to clarify how wings move and how driving forces are produced. All three species showed a flight pattern that includes a pause that accounts for about 50% of a flap cycle when their wings completely close after each upstroke. The observed pause causes the “skipping” flight trajectory based on the clap–fling mechanism. Pause duration was correlated with upstroke wing motion, suggesting the contribution of the latter to a long pause duration. This is also supported by the temporal relationship between the wing and body motions. The aerodynamic power necessary for the pause flight was calculated for the three species.
Preferences for caries prevention agents in adult patients: findings from the dental practice–based research network
Authors: Riley Joseph L. , Gordan Valeria V. , Rindal D. Brad , Fellows Jeffrey L. , Ajmo Craig T. , Amundson Craig , Anderson Gerald A. , Gilbert Gregg H. ,   for The Dental PBRN Collaborative Group
Published: June 2010

Riley JL III, Gordan VV, Rindal DB, Fellows JL, Ajmo CT, Amundson C, Anderson GA, Gilbert GH and for The Dental PBRN Collaborative Group. Preferences for caries prevention agents in adult patients: findings from the dental practice–based research network. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 360–370. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objectives:  To identify factors that are significantly associated with dentists’ use of specific caries preventive agents in adult patients, and whether dentists who use one preventive agent are also more likely to use certain others.Methods:  Data were collected from 564 practitioners in The Dental Practice–Based Research Network, a multi‐region consortium of participating practices and dental organizations.Results:  In‐office topical fluoride was the method most frequently used. Regarding at‐home preventive agents, there was little difference in preference between nonprescription fluoride, prescription fluoride, or chlorhexidine rinse. Dentists who most frequently used caries prevention were also those who regularly perform caries risk assessment and individualize caries prevention at the patient level. Higher percentages of patients with dental insurance were significantly associated with more use of in‐office prevention modalities. Female dentists and dentists with more‐recent training were more likely to recommend preventive agents that are applied by the patient. Dentists who reported more‐conservative decisions in clinical treatment scenarios were also more likely to use caries preventive agents. Groups of dentist who shared a common preference for certain preventive agents were identified. One group used preventive agents selectively, whereas the other groups predominately used either in‐office or at‐home fluorides.Conclusions:  Caries prevention is commonly used with adult patients. However, these results suggest that only a subset of dentists base preventive treatments on caries risk at the individual patient level.
High Temperature Effects on Electron and Proton Circuits of Photosynthesis
Authors: Sharkey Thomas D. , Zhang Ru 
Published: June 2010

Abstract Photosynthesis is sensitive to high temperature with reversible declines during moderate stress and irreversible damage with more severe stress. While many studies have focused on the irreversible damage, the reversible changes can tell how photosynthesis tolerates high temperature. Knowing how high temperature is tolerated could lead to ways of extending high temperature tolerance. New analytical methods have been used to probe electron and proton circuits of intact leaves at high temperature. Combined with previous work with isolated systems, it appears that there is a large change in redox distribution among thylakoid components. Photosystem I becomes more reduced but photosystem II and the stroma become more oxidized. Several lines of evidence support the existence of significant cyclic electron flow at high temperature. It is hypothesized that these changes allow for adenosine tri‐phosphate homeostasis and maintenance of an energy gradient across the thylakoid membrane, helping to keep it from suffering irreversible damage at high temperature.
COLLAGEN TYPES I AND III IN BOVINE MUSCLES: INFLUENCE OF AGE AND BREED
Authors: BLANCO M.R. , ALONSO C.R. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT Composition and amount of intramuscular connective tissue vary among muscles, age and breed. The purpose of this study was to determine in vivo the proportion of collagen I and III fibers in the Longissimus thoracis (LT) and Gluteus medius (GM) muscles at different ages (6, 12 and 24 months) in the Criolla and Aberdeen Angus bovine breed (24 months) Muscular samples were taken and histological cuts were treated with the picrosirius‐red polarization method. The study was performed by light microscope with Polaroid filters and ocular reticulum. Type I fibers between GM and LT muscles, has shown differences only at 12 months old. Regarding Type III fibers, no differences were found between the both muscles at the three ages. When GM muscle was studied, differences were observed in the Type I fibers among the three ages, the major percentage was observed at 24 months. Significant differences were found in Type I as well as Type III fibers in LT at 24 months between Aberdeen Angus and Criolla breeds.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe variation in proportion of Types I and III collagen in muscles and its relationship to meat texture has been investigated, although results are not conclusive and they are often contradictory. The present inability to elucidate the relationship between phenotypic variations in the intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT) and meat texture is due to our rudimentary understanding of fibril composition.Investigation of post‐mortem treatment of meat to reduce the IMCT contribution to meat toughness has not been completely successful. The knowledge and manipulation in vivo of the proportion and maturity of IMCT may be a possible means of reducing unwanted variability in meat tenderness.Evaluation of collagen fibers Type I and III by the present histological technique could be used as a potential indicator of meat tenderness.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OFF‐FLAVOR DESCRIPTORS AND FLAVOR SCORES IN BEEF FROM CATTLE RAISED ON NATURAL PASTURE
Authors: MUCHENJE V. , CHIMONYO M. , DZAMA K. , STRYDOM P.E. , NDLOVU T. , RAATS J.G. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT The objective of the current study was to determine the relationship between off‐flavor descriptors and flavor scores in beef aged for 2 and 21 days from Nguni, Bonsmara and Angus steers raised on natural pasture. Fifteen steers each of Bonsmara and Angus and 25 steers of Nguni were kept at the University of Fort Hare Farm for 12 months until slaughter. The M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum was sampled postmortem for flavor evaluation. There were associations (P < 0.05) between off‐flavor descriptors and off‐flavor scores, off‐flavor descriptors and aroma scores. There were, however, no (P > 0.05) associations between beef from the three cattle breeds and off‐flavor descriptors, flavor scores and off‐flavor descriptors, aging periods and off‐flavor descriptors. It can be concluded that off‐flavor description is uniform across breeds and aging periods. Furthermore, off‐flavor description is related to off‐flavor scores and aroma scores.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFlavor is one of the components of sensory evaluation that affect beef acceptability by consumers. In lean meat, thermal oxidation of long‐chain fatty acids occurs, thereby leading to undesirable aroma/flavor formation, which may affect meat palatability. Off‐flavors are undesirable and negatively affect the consumers’ decision on purchasing beef. Therefore, flavor evaluation should include off‐flavor and its descriptors. Off‐flavors develop with aging and it is therefore important to establish when meat should be consumed after slaughter. When examining factors that affect off‐flavor production, it may be more beneficial to look at the total number of samples that are detected with off‐flavors rather than the sensory off‐flavor score only. Establishing relationships between breed, aging, flavor scores and off‐flavor descriptors is therefore important in meat production and consumption.
GELATION OF FISH MUSCLE USING MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE AND THE EFFECT OF SODIUM CHLORIDE AND PH LEVELS
Authors: MORENO H.M. , CARBALLO J. , BORDERÍAS J. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT Texturizing products by protein setting reinforced by Microbial Transglutaminase (MTGase), which forms covalent bonds between proteins, makes it possible to obtain minimally processed products in a raw state that can be commercialized in fresh or cooked products. In the present paper, microbiological analysis determined that restructured products would have a shelf life of up to 14 days (at 2C) if the pH of the samples were 6.0. The physicochemical properties of restructured fish muscle with added MTGase (0.5–1.0%) set at 5C for 48 h at different pH (6 and 6.8) and sodium chloride concentrations (0.5, 1.5 and 4.0%) were studied. pH had the greatest effect on the raw product's mechanical properties at low or medium NaCl concentrations, while at high NaCl concentrations, no differences between either pH were found. More than 0.5% MTGase had very little effect on the mechanical properties of restructured muscle. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe main aim is to establish bases for using fish fillet trimmings and minced muscle to prepare restructured products that can be commercialized in a raw state. One possibility is to process this kind of products with technologies normally used in whole fish muscle such as smoked fish fillets, carpaccios or marinated products. In addition, these raw restructured products can be commercialized to be cooked as a normal fresh fish fillet or pieces of fillet in a variety of preparations. Nowadays, most restructured products are thermically treated and this limits their consumption. One way of achieving raw restructured products is to use Microbial Transglutaminase to bind small pieces of the muscle. Knowledge of the effect of the combined action of salt and Transglutaminase on fish muscle would be important to develop products with the right consistence. It would also be important for these products to have a low pH to extend their shelf life.
PREPARATION OF LIQUID ANCHOVY (ENGRAULIS ENCRASICHOLUS) SOUP AND MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY CHANGES DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE
Authors: KILINC BERNA 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT An easy and convenient way of a soup preparation is a liquid form. This liquid fish soup can be ready for consumption in a short time after boiled within the most 5 min. Therefore, this liquid fish soup can be especially preferred for working women because of easy to preparation. In this study liquid anchovy soup was made from the fresh anchovy fillets. The microbiological and sensory changes of anchovy soup during refrigerated storage were investigated. Total mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria counts increased from 2.23, 1.08 log cfu/mL to 6.10, 4.39 log cfu/mL, respectively, and sensory scores decreased to 1.20 on day 6. Total mesophilic bacteria count exceeded the critical limit of 6 log cfu/g on day 6. Coliform bacteria count, yeast‐molds, Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella were not detected during the storage period. On day 5; anchovy soup were determined as “acceptable” but on day 6; they were no longer acceptable according to the results of microbiological and sensory analysis.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSLiquid anchovy soup will be preferred especially by working women because of easy to use. The shelf life of liquid anchovy soup can be extended by using pasteurization process after putting into the bottles. This type of liquid anchovy soup production can be gained more commercial value. Antimicrobial and antioxidant chemical substances can also be effective for extending the shelf‐life of fish soups in refrigerated storage.
MINERAL CONTENTS OF MUSCLE (LONGISSIMUS DORSI THORACIS) AND LIVER IN RIVER BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS)
Authors: TAJIK H. , ASRI REZAEI S. , PAJOHI ALAMOUTI M.R. , MORADI M. , DALIR‐NAGHADEH B. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate mineral contents of meat (longissimus dorsi thoracis muscle) and liver in 350 river buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) grazed on natural pastures in terms of gender and age. According to the results, there were significant differences (P < 0.0001) in the mineral concentrations between meat and liver except for sodium. Potassium occurred in the highest concentration in the meat followed by sodium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron and copper. In the liver, potassium was the most abundant mineral followed by sodium, iron, magnesium, calcium, zinc and copper. Gender did not have any significant effect (P > 0.05) on the mineral contents of the meat and liver except for iron (P < 0.001). Age affected all mineral concentrations in the meat and liver. Sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents of meat increased (P < 0.001) with age. In the liver all of the measured minerals, except for magnesium, were increased significantly (P < 0.001) with age. However, the iron, zinc and copper contents of muscle and the magnesium content of liver were decreased with age (P < 0.001), respectively. Our findings showed that meat and liver of buffalo are suitable sources of iron, potassium and zinc.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMuscle is a dynamic tissue that performs mechanical, biological and chemical functions. Muscle development and its chemical and physical properties are affected by age, nutrition, hormonal status and disease. The mineral composition of meat from buffaloes grazed on natural pastures could be suitable as an alternative red meat for human consumption. The buffalo meat and liver are rich and good sources of potassium, zinc and iron. Buffalo meat has higher contents of iron than cattle meat and is recommended to be considered in iron scarce diets.