bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defective Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Function in Dairy Cows Showing Enhanced Susceptibility to Intramammary Infections
Authors: Cooray R. , Håkansson L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPolymorphonuclear‐neutrophil (PMN) oxidative‐burst activity, chemotactic and chemokinetic migratory responses, and surface‐adhesion protein expression in a mastitis‐prone group of dairy cows were compared with corresponding variables in healthy cows. The cows had a well‐documented history of udder infection caused by major mastitis pathogens. Analysis of PMN functions revealed a deficiency in the luminol‐enhanced chemiluminescence responses that seemed to be associated with the mobilization of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the PMN of the patient group, as compared with the healthy controls. The migratory capacity of the PMN in response to a variety of chemotactic substances was enhanced in the patients. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the expression of surface‐adhesion proteins (CD11a/CD18). It is proposed that the migratory activity of PMN cells was enhanced in order to compensate for their depressed respiratory‐burst activity. Studies are under way to assess whether the defective mobilization of MPO in PMN of mastitis‐prone cows is an acquired transient defect or a permanent hereditary defect.
Respiratory Burst Activity of Phagocytic Cells Isolated from the Mammary Glands and Blood of Camels (Camelus bactrianns)
Authors: Cooray R. , Abdurahaman O. A. Sh. , Bornstein S. , Holmberg O. , ÅStröm G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe oxidative burst activity of phagocytic cells isolated from camel blood and mammary glands was studied using a chemiluminescence (Cl) assay. The polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) isolated from camel blood mounted a luminol‐dependent Cl response upon stimulation with opsonized zymosan or opsonizedStaphylococcus aureus.These responses showed an overall similarity to those described in other mammalian species. The leucocytes isolated from the mammary glands mounted Cl responses similar to those observed with blood PMNL but to a lower magnitude. Like the Cl responses of blood cells, the Cl responses induced by mammary gland leucocytes were associated with degranulation and the release of lysosomal enzymes such as myeloperoxidase (MPO).
Analysis of Immunoglobulin Classes and Subclasses in Response to Infection of Balb/cJ and C57BL/6J Mice with Coxiella burnetii
Authors: Schmeer N. , Hoffmeister E. , Weiss R. , Hofer R. , Baumgärtner W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn order to establish defined immunological parameters for Q fever infection models, a microtitre enzyme‐linked immunosorbent fluorescence assay (ELISA) was used for the first time to analyse the humoral immune response of Balb/cJ and C57BL/6J mice after experimental infection with Coxiella burnetii strain ‘Nine Mile’ in phase I. The experimental infection evoked a seroconversion in all mice within 10 days. Typically, the immune response measured against the whole‐cell antigen showed an early increase of immunoglobulin (Ig) M followed by a later increase of the IgG subclasses. The IgA was low during the entire investigation period. Within the IgG subclasses only IgG2a and IgG2b gained higher values, whereby C57BL/6J mice produced high IgG2b titres and significantly lower IgG2a titres. In contrast, Balb/cJ mice developed IgG2a and IgG2b at equal levels. The use of partial antigens of C. burnetii demonstrated that the dominating IgG2b reaction of the C57BL/6J mice was directed against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of C. burnetii. This reaction was almost absent in Balb/cJ mice. In contrast, the SP27 protein antigen did not evoke different IgG2b reactions within the two breeds. No significant influence was observed within the two breeds in regard to sex or between hormone synchronized and non‐hormone synchronized animals.
Occurrence of ThermotolerantCampylobacterSpecies in Domestic and Wild Monkeys from Peru
Authors: Tresierra‐Ayala A. , Fernandez H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe isolation rate of thermotolerant campylobacters in pet monkeys and wild monkeys was established.Campylobacterspp. were isolated in 31.9% of the first (pet) group, being less frequent (20.9%) in the second (wild) (P > 0.05). In both groups, only biovars I and II ofC. jejunissp.jejuniand both biovars ofC. coliwere isolated (Lior's scheme).Campylobacter lariwas not isolated. The results show that domestic and wild monkeys can harbourCampylobacterin their intestinal tract and would be considered as reservoirs of these bacteria.
Characterization of a Large Transferrin‐binding Protein fromActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeSerotype 7
Authors: Wilke M. , Franz B. , Gerlach G.‐F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe binding of transferrin at the surface ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae(A. pp.) is mediated by two proteins of ∼ 60 and 100 kDa. The 60 kDa protein has been shown to be highly divergent among different serotypes and to induce a serotype‐specific protective immune response. In this study we have characterized the 100 kDa transferrin‐binding protein ofA. pp.serotype 7 and designated it as TfbB. ThetfbB gene was found to be located immediately downstream of thetfbA gene. It was cloned and sequenced, and antibodies raised against the isolated recombinant protein detected, with a constant intensity, a 100 kDa protein inA. pp.serotypes 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, and a polypeptide of ∼ 103 kDa in serotypes 1, 3, 5A and 12. In addition, comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence showed more than 40% identity with the large transferrin‐binding proteins ofNeisseria meningitidisandHaemophilus influenzae.The TfbB protein was expressed inE. coliouter membranes in a conformation eliciting porcine transferrin‐specific binding activity. Sera of pigs immunized with these TfbB‐containingE. colimembranes recognized functional membrane‐associated TfbB protein whereas no such reaction was observed upon immunization with isolated recombinant TfbB protein. A preliminary animal experiment showed that TfbB‐containing outer membrane preparations from recombinantE. colican reduce significantly the mortality of anA. pp.infection with the homologous strain.
Nachweismethoden fürSalmonella abortus ovissowie Untersuchungen in Schafherden im nördlichen Baden‐Württemberg
Authors: Sting R. , Nagel C. , Steng G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTesting of Diagnostic Methods for Identification ofSalmonella abortus ovisin Sheep Flocks in Northern Baden‐WürttembergInvestigations into the incidence ofSalmonella abortus ovis (S. abortus ovis) infections should not be neglected in diagnosis of ovine abortion cases. For detection of this pathogen agent, direct cultivation, as well as pre‐enrichment combined with enrichment procedures in tetrathionate or Rappaport‐Vassiliadis medium, should be performed with respect to the features ofS. abortus ovis.The detection limit ofS. abortus ovisusing pre‐enrichment and enrichment media could be determined using 6.5 times 103‐6.5 times 104bacteria. For subsequent cultivation ofS. abortus ovisGassner, XLD or Rambach agar are suitable.In infected sheep showing no excretion ofS. abortus ovis, the pathogen can be detected by serological studies using microagglutination or the ELISA test. The ELISA test proved to be more sensitive than the microagglutination test, detecting antibodies againstS. abortus ovisin 17% of the 814 sheep tested. The microagglutination test revealed positive results in only 2% of the sheep tested.ZusammenfassungUntersuchungen auf den ErregerSalmonella abortus ovis (S. abortus ovis)sollten bei Abortgeschehen des Schafes nicht fehlen. Wegen der besonderen kulturellen Anforderungen derS. abortus ovis‐Keime sollten für den Erregernachweis Direktkulturen ebenso wie Anreicherungen in Tetrathionat‐ oder Rappaport‐Vassiliadis‐Medien in Verbindung mit Voranreicherungen eingesetzt werden. Die Nachweisgrenze vonS. abortus ovislag bei Anwendung von Voranreicherungs‐ und Anreicherungsmedien bei 6,5 times 103bis 6,5 times 104Keimen. Für nachfolgende kulturelle Anzüchtungen von S. abortus ovis sind Gassner‐, XLD‐und Rambach‐Agar geeignet.S. abortus ovis‐infizierte Schafe ohne Erregerausscheidung können mit Hilfe serologischer Untersuchungen unter Anwendung des Langsamagglutinations‐ oder des ELISA‐Testes erkannt werden. Hierbei erwies sich der ELISA‐Test mit 17% positiven der 814 getesteten Tiere sensitiver als der Langsamagglutinationstest mit nur 2% positiven Reaktionen.
Bacteria Associated with Enzootic Pneumonia in Goats
Authors: Orós J. , Fernández A. , Rodríguez J. L. , Rodríguez F. , Poveda J. B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA histological and microbiological study of lung samples from 83 slaughtered goats (33 kids and 50 adults) drawn from a flock with a history of pleuropneumonia caused by mycoplasmas of theM. mycoidesgroup was carried out. A total of 82% (27/33) of kids and 36% (18/50) of adult goats presented pulmonary lesions characteristic of enzootic pneumonia: lesions took the form of bronchointerstitial pneumonia with peribronchial and peribronchiolar proliferation of lymphocytes. Microbiological analysis confirmed a range of mycoplasma species, includingMycoplasma mycoidesssp.mycoidesLarge Colony (MmmlC) (3.70%; 1/27),Mycoplasma mycoidesssp.capri (Mmc)(7.40%; 2/27),Mycoplasma putrefaciens(22.2%; 6/27),Mycoplasma arginini(3.70%; 1/27) andMycoplasmasp. (7.40%; 2/ 27), as well asPasteurella multocida(14.8%; 4/27), associated with enzootic pneumonia lesions in younger animals, whereasMycoplasmasp. was associated with enzootic pneumonia in adult goats (22.0%; 4/18). Cilia‐associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus found by histochemical examination was associated with enzootic pneumonia in kids (25.9%; 7/27) and goats (44.4%; 8/18), being the first description of this bacterium in adult goats.
Further Characterization of α2‐Macroglobulin Binding Properties ofActinomyces pyogenes
Authors: Ding H. , Lammler Ch. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBinding of125I‐labelled α2‐macroglobulin (α2M) toActinomyces pyogeneswas investigated. The binding of α2M proved to be time dependent, saturable, and could be inhibited by unlabelled α2M, but not by fibrinogen, haptoglobin, fibronectin, or albumin. The α2M binding site was sensitive to treatment with proteolytic enzymes and heat, indicating its protein nature. The dissociation constant (Kd) was 4.447 times 10−9M, and the number of binding sites per bacterial cell was calculated to be 5200. The kinetic analysis indicated an homogenous population of binding sites. Binding of α2M to the surface ofA. pyogeneshad no significant influence on the phagocytosis of the bacteria by polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
Serologic Survey for Antibodies toBorrelia burgdorferiin Sheep, Goats and Dogs in Cordillera Province, Bolivia
Authors: Ciceroni L. , Ciarrocchi S. , Pinto A. , Paradisi F. , Roselli M. , Bartoloni A. , Guglielmetti P. , Vasquez C. Valdez , Barahona H. Gamboa 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA serosurvey for antibodies toBorrelia burgdorferiusing an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted on sheep, goat and dog serum samples collected in Cordillera Province, Bolivia, in 1992. Sera from 98 sheep, 218 goats and 43 dogs were tested. The observed seroprevalence in sheep and dogs was 0.0%, whereas the seropositivity rate for goat serum samples was 5.0%. Upon analysing 10 positive sera by Western immunoblotting, five reacted against the specific protein antigens and all of them met the criteria for positivity on the basis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) bands, indicating that goats in Cordillera Province were exposed toB. burgdoferi.These findings, which are further proof of the existence ofB. burgdorferiinfection in Bolivia, indicate the serologic analysis of goats as a suitable tool for Lyme borreliosis surveillance.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Detection of PorcineChlamydia trachomatisand RuminantChlamydia psittaciSerovar 1 DNA in Formalin‐Fixed Intestinal Specimens from Swine
Authors: Schiller I. , Koesters R. , Weilenmann R. , Kaltenboeck B. , Pospischil A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn previous studies chlamydiae were detected immunohistologically in the gut of 66 out of 311 pigs. The aim of the present investigation was the classification of these intestinal porcine chlamydiae. For the study, DNA extracted from 52 paraffin‐embedded intestinal tissues was amplified in nested polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) withChlamydiaomp1 genus‐ and species‐specific primers. Some of the amplification products were cloned and sequenced. In 45 cases DNA could be amplified with genus‐specific primers. Species‐specific PCR and sequencing showed that in 42 cases the chlamydial omp1 genotype wasChlamydia trachomatis.Sequenced DNA fragments were 95–99% identical with the porcine strain S45. In three further cases sequencing analysis provided DNA sequences which were 100% identical withChlamydia psittaciB577 (serovar 1) omp1 genotype. So far as the authors are aware this is the first report on the occurrence ofC. psittaciserovar 1 in pigs.
Possible Migration of Harderian Gland Immunoglobulin A Bearing Lymphocytes into the Caecal Tonsil in Chickens
Authors: Akaki C. , Simazu M. , Baba T. , Tsuji S. , Kodama H. , Mukamoto M. , Kajikawa T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study was designed to evaluate the significance of the Harderian gland (HG) in the chicken IgA‐production system by investigating the influence of HG on the increase of surface IgA (sIgA)‐positive cells in other lymphoid organs and also the possibility of migration of HG lymphocytes into other organs. Non‐contact culture of splenic or caecal tonsil (CT) lymphocytes with HG whole cells did not enhance the expression of sIgA. The experiment of HG lymphocyte transfer showed that the transferred HG lymphocytes migrated mainly into the CT in the 3‐week‐old recipient, and mainly into the CT and bursa of Fabricius (BF) in the 6‐week‐old recipient. It was also found that the transferred sIgA‐positive HG lymphocytes migrated selectively into CT in both 3‐week‐old and 6‐week‐old recipients. These results indicated that chicken HG plays a central role not only in governing the local immunity in the eyes and respiratory tract but also as an organ which supplies precursory IgA‐producing cells involved in local immunity in the intestine.
Eine neue Bordetella‐Spezies beim Schaf?
Authors: Mitsching M. , Hönig J. , Krüger M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOccasionally the occurrence of isolates of the genus Bordetella has been reported, with unclear assignment to one of the known species in sheep from New Zealand and Great Britain. In this study we describe the isolation of strains belonging to the genus Bordetella in a flock of sheep from Germany. These isolates were characterized biochemically by serological tests and whole cell fatty acid analysis. Our isolates could be divided into three subgroups by their differential growth on MacConcey‐ and Tyrosine agar. A clear assignment to one of the known Bordetella species was not possible.ZusammenfassungEs wurde bereits vereinzelt über das Auftreten von Bordetella‐Isolaten bei Schafen in New Zealand und Großritanien berichtet, bei denen keine eindeutige Spezieszuordnung möglich war. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen beschreiben den Nachweis von Bordetella‐Isolaten mit unklarer Spezieszugehörigkeit aus einem Schafbestand in Deutschland.Die Isolate wurden mittels biochemischer und serologischer Methoden sowie auf der Basis ihrer Ganzzellfettsäuremuster charakterisiert. Durch das unterschiedliche Wuchsverhalten auf Mac Concey‐ und Tyrosin‐Agar konnten drei verschiedene Typen voneinander abgegrenzt werden.
Antibiotic Residues and Prevalence of Mastitis Pathogen Isolation in Heifers During Early Lactation Following Prepartum Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Oliver S. P. , Lewis M. J. , Gillespie B. E. , Dowlen H. H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe present study was conducted to determine if antibiotic treatment of heifer mammary glands earlier in the prepartum period reduced the occurrence of residues in milk without compromising efficacy in treatment of intramammary infections. Heifers were assigned randomly to two groups: 1. untreated negative control (n = 42); and 2. intramammary infusion of 200 mg cephapirin sodium (n = 40) 14 days prior to expected calving. Mammary secretions were collected before treatment and during early lactation, and were analyzed for residues by theBacillus stearothermophilusdisc assay. Only four of 127 samples (3.1%) obtained from cephapirin‐treated mammary glands at 3 days after calving were positive for residues and most (three of four) were from a heifer that calved within 3 days of treatment. Mammary secretions were also collected before treatment, and at 3 and 30 days after calving for microbiological evaluation. For untreated control heifers, mastitis pathogens were isolated from 67.3% of samples obtained from mammary glands 14 days prior to expected calving, 55.6% obtained 3 days after calving and 36.4% of samples obtained 30 days postpartum. A similar percentage of samples (63.8%) was positive for mastitis pathogens at 14 days before expected calving prior to antibiotic treatment. However, only 15.1% of samples obtained at 3 days after calving and 7.9% of samples obtained 30 days postpartum from mammary glands of antibiotic‐treated heifers contained mastitis pathogens. Coagulase‐negative staphylococci were isolated most frequently. Intramammary infusion of antibiotics earlier in the prepartum period markedly reduced the occurrence of residues in milk during early lactation without affecting efficacy.
Molecular and Phenotypic Features of Aeromonads Isolated from Snails (Helix aspersa) Affected with a New Summer Disease
Authors: Kodjo A. , Haond F. , Richard Y. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryForty‐four aeromonads were isolated during the summer of 1994 from snails (Helix aspersa) affected or not by a newly described disease. Sma I rRNA gene restriction patterns (ribotyping) and nine selected conventional phenotypic tests were performed to retrospectively determine relationships among these isolates regarding the disease. Results from ribotyping were found highly discriminant in strain differentiation and suggest the possible existence of a group of Aeromonas associated with the disease. Biochemical and molecular characterizations indicated that most of these disease‐associated aeromonads could belong to the phenospecies A. hydrophila. Phenospecies of aeromonads from healthy snails were distinct from those isolated from diseased snails and could be identified as A. caviae or remained undetermined. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a probable pathogenic aeromonad found in snails, extending the host‐pathogen spectrum of Aeromonas.
Molecular Epidemiology of Animal Virus Diseases
Authors: Haas L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn this review the application of methods of molecular epidemiology, particularly the combined approach of amplifying defined fragments of viral genomes using the polymerase chain reaction and subsequent nucleotide sequencing analysis, is described. Emphasis is put on examples of a few important diseases (e.g. those caused by morbilliviruses, rhabdoviruses, pestiviruses and aphthoviruses) to demonstrate the impact of this methodology. Molecular epidemiology is already an important and very sensitive tool to study the evolution of viruses at a level superior to previous methodologies and providing a better understanding of epidemiological relationships.
Detection and Characterization of EnterohaemorrhagicEscherichia coliin Slaughtered Cattle
Authors: Borie C. F. , Monreal Z. , Martinez J. , Arellano C. , Prado V. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFecal samples from slaughtered cattle were studied for enterohaemorrhagicEscherichia coli(EHEC) by DNA hybridization with biotin‐labelled DNA probes specific for the EHEC virulence plasmid, Shiga‐like toxin I (SLT I), Shiga‐like toxin II (SLT II) andeaegene. Among 136 animals analysed, 47 (34.5%) were found to carry EHEC. The cytotoxic genotypes observed for EHEC strains were: 60.4% SLT I, 12.5% SLT II and 10.4% SLT I+SLT II; 16.7% resulted SLT I and SLT II negative. A total of 14 out of 48EHEC strains (29.2%) hybridized with a fimbrial probe and 14 of 48 strains with aneaeprobe. An important number of strains (18 out of 48) belonged to serogroups O157, O26 and O111, serogroups also commonly isolated from haemolytic uremic syndrome cases in Chile. While EHEC isolates from the same animal were usually of the same serogroup, one animal was found to carry two EHEC strains of different serogroups. A total of 50% of EHEC strains were sorbitol negative, irrespective of the O serogroup or EHEC genotypic profile. Results obtained in this study strongly suggest that cattle in Chile are a reservoir of EHEC associated with disease in humans.
Comparative Study of the Pathogenic Properties of a Belgian and a Greek Encephalomyocarditis Virus (EMCV) Isolate for Sows in Gestation
Authors: Koenen F. , Vanderhallen H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThirteen conventional sows were inoculated between 61 and 92 days of gestation with a Belgium or a Greek EMCV isolate to investigate the difference in pathogenicity of both strains for sows in gestation. The Belgian EMCV strain was isolated from the offspring of a sow with productive failure and without myocardial lesions. The Greek strain was isolated from a 3‐month‐old pig with prominent myocardial lesions. The present study demonstrates a transplacental virus transmission with fetal death following an infection of the sows in gestation with both isolates. The fetal pathogenicity was more severe with the Greek strain than with the Belgian isolate. No myocardial lesions were noticed.
Eperythrozoon ovis Infection in a Commercial Flock of Sheep
Authors: Brun‐Hansen H. , Grønstøl H. , Waldeland H. , Hoff B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA flock of sheep consisting of 60–70 winterfed ewes was examined. Blood was collected from approximately 30% of the sheep four times from 1991 to 1995. Eperythrozoon ovis (Ep. ovis) organisms were not detected in blood smears stained with Wright's stain in 1991 and 1993. In 1995, examination of blood smears stained with acridine orange revealed Ep. ovis organisms in 11 of 26 sheep, whereas examination of smears stained with Wright's stain revealed organisms in only one ewe with a high degree of infection.The prevalence of antibodies detected by IFAT varied from 58–100%. The antibody titres varied from 1:20 to 1:12000.This investigation indicates that Ep. ovis infection once present in a flock of sheep may spread easily among the sheep, and that the infection seems to persist within the flock.
Atypical Strains of Verocytotoxin‐Producing Escherichia coli O157 in Beef Cattle at Slaughter in Veneto Region, Italy
Authors: Conedera G. , Marangon S. , Chapman P. A. , Zuin A. , Caprioli A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCattle arriving for slaughter at abattoirs in the Veneto region of N. Italy were examined for intestinal carriage of Escherichia coli O157. Rectal swabs were cultured in modified buffered peptone water and E. coli O157 was concentrated by an immunomagnetic separation technique; the magnetic beads were cultured onto cefixime tellurite sorbitol MacConkey agar. Sorbitol non‐fermenting E. coli O157 was isolated from 15 (3.6%) of 419 feedlot cattle but not from 437 veal calves or 65 culled cows. All strains of E. coli O157 hybridized with DNA probes specific for the VT1 or VT2 genes, but two strains did not produce toxin detectable by Vero cell assay. Six different plasmid profiles were observed with all strains harbouring the large 93 kb plasmid characteristic of VTEC. Six strains produced urease but otherwise strains were biochemically typical of E. coli O157. One strain was resistant to streptomycin, tetracycline and sulphonamides but the remainder were sensitive to all antimicrobials tested. This is the first description of the isolation of verocytotoxin‐producing E. coli O157 from cattle in Italy. As the contamination of bovine carcasses with E. coli O157 during slaughter and processing has been demonstrated, the risk of transmission of this organism from beef cattle to the human population in the Veneto region, through foods of bovine origin or by other routes, should not be overlooked.