bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le paradoxe philippin : rétablissement d'un régime démocratique ou restauration d'un régime oligarchique ?
Authors: Gazano Antoine 
Published: December 2010

The Philippine paradox : Restore a democratic or an oligarchie system ?
Democracy in the Philippines used to be, and still is, personalized. The "people's power" of the February 1986 revolution forced Ferdinand Marcos out, but was unable to build a structure. Elections have served to choose among politicians, but they have also opened the way for big provincial families to re-emerge in an elitist, patronage democracy. Rigidly controlled by the traditional elite, the Congress has not made much haste toward adopting the sweeping reforms laid down in the 1987 Constitution. The problems President Ramos has to solve have not changed : economic inequality ; land disputes (which still arise because land reform has not worked) ; an industry still mainly in the hands of monopolies ; political corruption ; and an elite more concerned with its personal interests than the public good. Two things are lacking in the Philippines : continuity in policy and the sense of a national interest. The head of state should disregard the existing system, dismantle monopolies and take account of economic globalization ; but he should not lose from view the political and social reforms indispensable for putting an end to armed uprisings.
Indonésie : autoritarisme, développement et démocratie
Authors: Cayrac-Blanchard Françoise 
Published: December 2010

Indonesia : Authoritarism, development and democracy.
In Indonesia, President Suharto, now 76 years old, has held office for more than 30 years. With nearly absolute power, he has quelled opposition and sees it as subversive. Despite the economy's success story, discontent is rising along with swelling inequality, corruption and nepotism. Democratic aspirations recently spurred riots all over the country. Having taken distance from the army, though he keeps it under his own control, Suharto is leaning on Islam, which is undergoing a revival and fueling new ambitions. The army sees this as a danger for the nation's unity. Though divided and weak, it intends to keep control.
Two or four hour [18F]FMISO-PET in HNSCC
Authors: Haase R. , Koch A. , Zips D. , Steinbach J. , Baumann M. , Kotzerke J. , Zöphel K. , Abolmaali N. 
Published: December 2010

Summary[18F]Fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography (FMISO-PET) is a non invasive imaging technique that can assist detecting intra tumour regions of hypoxia. FMISO-PET evinces comparatively low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and may be acquired dynamically or after different uptake times post injection (p. i.). The aim of this study was to identify, if static images acquired two hours (MISO2) or four hours (MISO4) p. i. reveal higher contrast. Patients, methods: As part of a prospective trial, 23 patients with cancers of the head and neck underwent [18F]fluoro deoxyglucose (FDG) PET before and during curative radiochemotherapy. Additionally, FMISO-PET studies 2 h and 4 h p. i. were done before treatment and after a mean dose of 11 Gy, 23 Gy and 57 Gy during RCT. After coregistration, a dedicated software was used to define the gross tumour volume (GTV) by FDG PET for the primary tumour. This volume was overlaid to the FMISO images and hypoxia within the GTV was determined. The contrast between hypoxia determined by MISO2 and by MISO4 was investigated and analysed with the Wilcoxon-matched-pairs test. Results: Mean SUVmax in tumours of all examinations was 2.2 (stdev: 0.4, min: 1.3, max: 3.4) after 2 h and 2.4 (stdev: 0.7, min: 1.1, max: 4.4) after 4 h. In the neck musculature the mean SUVmax was 1.5 at both time points and the mean SUVmean decreased from 1.2 after 2 h to 1.1 after 4 h, respectively. These effects resulted in significantly rising contrast ratios from MISO2 to MISO4. The differently defined contrasts revealed significantly higher values for examinations 4 h p. i. (p < 0.002). Conclusion: Data acquisition of [18F]FMISO should be done 4 h p. i. to gather the optimal contrast, preferably allowing further analysis, e. g. hypoxic sub volume definition for therapy planning.
A single‐use purification process for the production of a monoclonal antibody produced in a PER.C6 human cell line
Authors: Kuczewski Michael , Schirmer Emily , Lain Blanca , Zarbis‐Papastoitsis Gregory 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAdvances in single‐use technologies can enable greater speed, flexibility, and a smaller footprint for multi‐product production facilities, such as at a contract manufacturer. Recent efforts in the area of cell line and media optimization have resulted in bioreactor productivities that exceed 8 g/L in fed‐batch processes or 25 g/L in high‐density cell culture processes. In combination with the development of single‐use stirred tank bioreactors with larger working volumes, these intensified upstream processes can now be fit into a single‐use manufacturing setting. Contrary to these upstream advances, downstream single‐use technologies have been slower to follow, mostly limited by low capacity, high cost, and poor scalability. In this study we describe a downstream process based solely on single‐use technologies that meets the challenges posed by expression of a mAb (IgG1) in a high‐density suspension culture of PER.C6® cells. The cell culture harvest was clarified by enhanced cell settling (ECS™) and depth filtration. Precipitation was used for crude purification of the mAb. A high capacity chromatographic membrane was then used in bind/elute mode, followed by two membranes in flow‐through (FT) mode for polishing. A proof of concept of the entire disposable process was completed for two different scales of the purification train.
Recombinant antibodies: Engineering and production in yeast and bacterial hosts
Authors: Jeong Ki Jun , Jang Seung Hoon , Velmurugan Natarajan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAfter the appearance of the first FDA‐approved antibody 25 years ago, antibodies have become major therapeutic agents in the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer and infectious diseases, and the use of antibodies as therapeutic/diagnostic agents is expected to increase in the future. So far, a variety of strategies have been devised for engineering of these fascinating molecules to develop superior properties and functions. Recent progress in systems biology has provided more information about the structures and cellular networks of antibodies, and, in addition, recent development of biotechnology tools, particularly in regard to high‐throughput screening, has made it possible to perform more intensive engineering on these substances. Based on a sound understanding and new technologies, antibodies are now being developed as more powerful drugs. In this review, we highlight the recent, significant progress that has been made in antibody engineering, with a particular focus on Fc engineering and glycoengineering for improved functions, and cellular engineering for enhanced production of antibodies in yeast and bacterial hosts.
Xenoestrogens Regulate the Activity of Arginine Methyltransferases
Authors: Cheng Donghang , Bedford Mark T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractArginine methylation is a common post‐translational modification that has been strongly implicated in transcriptional regulation. The arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) were first reported as transcriptional coactivators for the estrogen and androgen receptors. Compounds that inhibit these enzymes will provide us with valuable tools for dissecting the roles of these enzymes in cells, and will possibly also have therapeutic applications. In order to identify such inhibitors of the PRMTs, we have previously performed a high‐throughput screen using a small molecule library. These compounds were named arginine methyltransferase inhibitors (AMIs). The majority of these inhibitors were polyphenols, and one in particular (AMI‐18) shared additional features with a group of known xenoestrogens. We, thus, tested a panel of xenoestrogens and found that a number of them possess the ability to inhibit PRMT activity, in vitro. These inhibitors primarily target CARM1, and include licochalcone A, kepone, benzyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate, and tamoxifen. We developed a cell‐based reporter system for CARM1 activity, and showed that tamoxifen (IC50=30 μM) inhibits this PRMT. The ability of these compounds to regulate the activity of transcriptional coactivators may be an unappreciated mechanism of action for xenoestrogens, and might also explain the efficacy of high‐dose tamoxifen treatment on estrogen receptor negative cancers.
Velocity measurement in the hydrocyclone by oil droplet, doppler ultrasound velocimetry, and CFD modelling
Authors: Siangsanun V. , Guigui C. , Morchain J. , Marteil P. , Levecq C. , Puprasert C. , Hébrard G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTo develop the water treatment process, the hydrocyclone is now used as a unit to operate. Understanding hydrodynamics is a key step to improve the separation process efficiency. Recently, a new simple method called the oil droplet method was proposed by Bamrungsri et al. [Chem. Eng. Res. Design 86, 1263‐1270 (2008)] and applied to velocity measurements in a hydrocyclone.The Doppler Velocimetry measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have been proposed by many researchers as effective for studying the flow field of a hydrocyclone. This work presents a comparison of the experimental results from these two methods along with those obtained from numerical simulations. The numerical calculations of the 3D flow field were performed with FLUENT using the k‐ε model and the Reynolds stress model (RSM). Measurements and CFD simulations were performed for two hydrocyclone configurations (5 and 10 cm diameter).Doppler ultrasound velocimetry data and CFD–RSM results are in close agreement. The oil droplet method is less accurate for the continuous phase velocity profiles but is promising for the validation of Lagrangian tracking simulations.
Determination of Trace Levels of Nickel and Manganese in Soil, Vegetable, and Water
Authors: Khani Rouhollah , Shemirani Farzaneh 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA simple and reliable method for rapid and selective extraction and determination of trace levels of Ni2+ and Mn2+ was developed by ionic liquid (IL) based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) detection. The proposed method was successfully applied to the preconcentration and determination of nickel and manganese in soil, vegetable, and water samples. After preconcentration, the settled IL‐phase was dissolved in 100 µL of ethanol and aspirated into the FAAS using a home‐made microsample introduction system. Injection of 50 µL of each analyte into an air–acetylene flame provided very sensitive spike‐like and reproducible signals. Effective parameters such as pH, amount of IL, volume of the disperser solvent, concentration of the chelating agent, and effect of salt concentration were inspected by a (25‐1) fractional factorial design to identify the most important parameters and their interactions. Under optimum conditions, preconcentration of 10 mL sample solution permitted the detection of 0.93 µg L−1 Ni2+ and 0.52 µg L−1 Mn2+ with enrichment factors 77.2 and 82.6 for Ni2+ and Mn2+, respectively. The accuracy of the procedure was evaluated by analysis of a certified reference material (CRM TMDW‐500, drinking water).
Does delay of adjuvant chemotherapy impact survival in patients with resected stage II and III colon adenocarcinoma?
Authors: Bayraktar Ulas Darda , Chen Emerson , Bayraktar Soley , Sands Laurence R. , Marchetti Floriano , Montero Alberto Jose , Rocha‐Lima Caio Max S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:It is unclear whether delays in commencing adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection of colon adenocarcinoma adversely impact survival.METHODS:Patients with stage II‐III colon adenocarcinoma who received adjuvant chemotherapy at 2 centers were identified through the institutional tumor registry. Time to adjuvant chemotherapy, overall survival (OS), and relapse‐free survival (RFS) were calculated from the day of surgery. Patients were dichotomized into early (time to adjuvant chemotherapy ≤60 days) and late treatment (time to adjuvant chemotherapy >60 days) groups. OS and RFS were compared using log‐rank test and multivariate analysis by the Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTS:Of 186 patients included in the study, 49 (26%) had received adjuvant chemotherapy >60 days after surgical resection. Thirty percent of the delays were system related (eg, late referrals, insurance authorizations). Time to adjuvant chemotherapy >60 days was associated with significantly worse OS in both univariate analysis and a Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio, 2.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.08‐4.36). Although difference in RFS between the 2 groups favored time to adjuvant chemotherapy <60, this did not reach statistical significance.CONCLUSIONS:Adjuvant chemotherapy delay >60 days after surgical resection of colon cancer is associated with worse OS. Cancer 2011;. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Anal cancer and cervical cancer screening: Key differences
Authors: Darragh Teresa M. , Winkler Barbara 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCervical cancer and anal cancer share many similarities including causation by oncogenic human papillomaviruses; however, significant differences exist in their epidemiology, risk factors, biologic behavior, management, and treatment. Although rare, the incidence of anal cancer is alarmingly high and continues to increase in high‐risk populations, particularly men who have sex with men regardless of their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. There are no national screening guidelines for anal cancer. Using the success of cervical cancer screening as a model, anal cancer screening approaches apply anal cytology, high‐resolution anoscopy, and directed biopsy to guide treatment and management strategies. Although much has been learned about the natural history and epidemiology of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), the rate of progression of high‐grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN) to invasive squamous cell carcinomas is not known. The impact of screening and treatment of HGAIN on morbidity and mortality from anal cancer are also unknown. Because the incidence of HGAIN and anal squamous cell carcinoma continue to increase, it is imperative to find pathways for effective screening, early detection, and therapeutic intervention. This article provides an overview of anal cancer screening while highlighting its differences from cervical cancer screening and the remaining obstacles and controversies to implementation of a successful anal cancer screening program. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011;. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Corporate social responsibility in times of recession: Changing discourses and implications for policy and practice
Authors: Ellis Louise , Bastin Claire 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTIn UK environmental, social, and economic policy‐making sustainable development (SD) is discussed in a corporate‐centric manner, with corporate social responsibility (CSR) seen as an extension of SD. The CSR and SD agendas have, to some extent, been confined to ones which are ‘safe’ in the current economic system. This paper examines whether the way corporations ‘talk about’ CSR has changed during the recession.Using document analysis and interviews with key informants, this paper contributes to the debate around whether change in language leads to change in action and whether this affects agenda‐setting and policy‐making. This paper contributes to the debate linking CSR and corporate activity and investigates how robust CSR activity is when economic prosperity is threatened. Initial findings suggest that CSR is seemingly recession‐proof, at least in part because corporate commitment to CSR remains conservative and securely grounded in the safe area of efficiency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Synthesis of Trifunctional Phosphatidylserine Probes for Identification of Lipid‐Binding Proteins
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Saibal , Bong Dennis 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPhosphatidylserine (PS) lipids play a number of roles in cell biology, one of which is to mark apoptotic cells for clearance by macrophages. PS recognition triggers macrophage recognition and clearance, which occurs concomitantly with active suppression of an inflammatory response. A small number of proteins in different tissues have been identified as PS receptors, and we hypothesize that many more PS receptors have yet to be found. We have designed and synthesized a set of phosphatidylserine lipid mimics with a PS lipid headgroup for recognition, a benzophenone moiety for photoaffinity cross‐linking, and an alkyne for post‐labeling readout. These probes may be useful tools to identify new PS receptors (PSRs). The PS lipid probes thus have potential impact in the areas of discovery biology, anti‐inflammatory therapeutics, and cellular delivery. We present herein a versatile and robust synthetic approach to trifunctional phosphatidyl serine lipid mimics for identification of novel PSR proteins.
Annexin A1 released from apoptotic cells acts through formyl peptide receptors to dampen inflammatory monocyte activation via JAK/STAT/SOCS signalling
Authors: Pupjalis Danute , Goetsch Julia , Kottas Diane J. , Gerke Volker , Rescher Ursula 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe immunosuppressive effects of apoptotic cells involve inhibition of pro‐inflammatory cytokine release and establishment of an anti‐inflammatory cytokine profile, thus limiting the degree of inflammation and promoting resolution. We report here that this is in part mediated by the release of the anti‐inflammatory mediator annexin A1 from apoptotic cells and the functional activation of annexin A1 receptors of the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family on target cells. Supernatants from apoptotic neutrophils or the annexin A1 peptidomimetic Ac2‐26 significantly reduced IL‐6 signalling and the release of TNF‐α from endotoxin‐challenged monocytes. Ac2‐26 activated STAT3 in a JAK‐dependent manner, resulting in upregulated SOCS3 levels, and depletion of SOCS3 reversed the Ac2‐26‐mediated inhibition of IL‐6 signalling. This identifies annexin A1 as part of the anti‐inflammatory pattern of apoptotic cells and links the activation of FPRs to established signalling pathways triggering anti‐inflammatory responses.
Insurance Status and Treatment Candidacy of Hepatitis C Patients: Analysis of Population-Based Data From the United States Δσ
Authors: Stepanova Maria , Kanwal Fasiha , El-Serag Hashem B. , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

Successful treatment with antiviral therapy could potentially reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, at the population level, these benefits may be offset by a limited number of patients who have access to antiviral treatment. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2005-2008, we analyzed the health insurance status and treatment candidacy of HCV-positive (HCV+) individuals. A total of 10,582 subjects were examined; of those, 1.16% had detectable HCV RNA and were defined as HCV+. The HCV+ patients were less likely to be insured than HCV-negative individuals (61.2% versus 81.2%;

P

= 0.004). Among those with health insurance, HCV+ patients were less likely to have private insurance, whereas the coverage by Medicare/Medicaid and other government-sponsored plans was similar to the rest of the population. In multivariate analysis, HCV infection was an independent predictor of being uninsured even after adjustment for demographic disparity of the HCV+ cohort (odds ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.78). Of all HCV+ patients, 66.7% were eligible for anti-HCV treatment. However, only 54.3% of HCV+ treatment candidates had any type of insurance coverage. Finally, only 36.3% of HCV+ patients were potentially eligible for treatment and had health insurance.

Conclusion:

A high proportion of HCV+ patients are currently uninsured, and many have publicly funded health insurance. Among those who could be candidates for treatment, the rate of insurance coverage is even lower. These findings can have important implications for health insurance coverage of these patients under the new health care reform legislation in the United States. (Hepatology 2011)
Childhood hodgkin's lymphoma, non‐hodgkin's lymphoma and factors related to the immune system: The escale study (SFCE)
Authors: Rudant Jérémie , Orsi Laurent , Monnereau Alain , Patte Catherine , Pacquement Hélène , Landman‐Parker Judith , Bergeron Christophe , Robert Alain , Michel Gérard , Lambilliotte Anne , Aladjidi Nathalie , Gandemer Virginie , Lutz Patrick , Margueritte Geneviève , Plantaz Dominique , Méchinaud Françoise , Hémon Denis , Clavel Jacqueline 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe study investigated the role of factors considered related to the early stimulation of the immune system in the aetiology of childhood lymphoma. The national registry‐based case–control study, Escale, was carried out in France over the period 2003–2004. Population controls were frequency matched with the cases on age and gender. Data were obtained from structured telephone questionnaires administered to mothers. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using unconditional regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Data from 128 cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) aged 5–14 years, 164 cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) aged 2–14 years and 1,312 controls were analyzed. Negative associations were observed between HL and day care attendance [OR = 0.5 (0.2–1.2)] and between HL and repeated early common infections among non‐breastfed children [OR = 0.3 (.2–0.7), p = 0.003] [OR for breastfed children: 1.0 (.5–2.1)], but not for the other factors investigated. Negative associations were observed between NHL and birth order 3 or more [OR = 0.7 (0.4–1.1)], prolonged breastfeeding [OR = 0.5 (0.3–1.0)], regular contact with farm animals [OR = 0.5 (0.3–1.0)], frequent farm visits in early life [OR = 0.6 (0.4–1.1)] and history of asthma [OR = 0.6 (0.3–1.1)]. In conclusion, the results partly support the hypothesis that an abnormal maturation of the immune system may play a role in childhood HL or NHL, and call for further investigations.