bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Funktionelle organische Materialien auf der Basis polymerisierter flüssigkristalliner Monomere: supramolekulare wasserstoffverbrückte Systeme
Authors: Broer Dirk J. , Bastiaansen Cees M. W. , Debije Michael G. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFunktionelle organische Materialien sind von großem Interesse für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen. Um funktionelle Eigenschaften gezielt einstellen zu können, benötigt man wohldefinierte hierarchisch geordnete supramolekulare Materialien. Die Selbstorganisation von Flüssigkristallen hat sich als ein extrem nützliches Werkzeug für die Entwicklung nanostrukturierter Materialien bewährt. Wir wählen das anschauliche Beispiel photopolymerisierbarer wasserstoffverbrückter Mesogene, um zu zeigen, dass eine breite Vielfalt funktioneller Materialien aus einem relativ einfachen Satz von Bausteinen hergestellt werden kann. Durch Umsetzung dieser Verbindungen mit anderen reaktiven Mesogenen können nematische, chirale nematische und smektische oder kolumnare flüssigkristalline Phasen gebildet werden, die als Aktuatoren, Sensoren, responsive Reflektoren und nanoporöse Membranen genutzt werden können.
Polyolefins/Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) blends compatibilization: Morphology, rheological, and mechanical properties
Authors: Sadik Tarik , Massardier Valérie , Becquart Frédéric , Taha Mohamed 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPolypropylene/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) blend (PHBV) and polyethylene/PHBV blend were prepared by twin screw extruder using preformed copolymer (EVOH‐g‐PHBV) as compatibilizer or with functional polyolefins that can react in situ with the PHBV phase to form POs‐g‐PHBV. Scanning electron microscopy shows that by using either EVOH‐g‐PHBV preformed copolymer or formed copolymers in situ both emulsify the phase interface and reduce the interfacial tension, which result in an enhancement on the mechanical properties of compatibilized blends. Enhancement is more or less pronounced depending on the used PO matrix. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Physically based object withering simulation
Authors: Liu Youquan , Chen Yanyun , Wu Wen , Max Nelson , Wu Enhua 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a finite element method‐based framework for an object withering simulation modeled with heterogeneous material, such as fruits drying or decay. We introduce diffusion procedures for both the moisture content and decay spread, which are solved directly on a tetrahedral mesh representation of the fruit flesh. Then, we use the moisture content to control shrinkage through the initial strain, which is integrated into the Lagrangian dynamic equation, and solved with the finite element method. For the complex structure of the object, another fine triangle mesh is used to represent the skin, and its deformation is solved by a thin shell technique. To couple the motion between different layers of the fruit, a tracking force is used to pull the skin and drive its deformation together with the volume mesh. In comparison with the previous work, our method provides temporally and spatially varying parameters to model the complex phenomena of object withering. Moreover, the water diffusivity can also be given by user input to present various material properties of the cut section and skin‐covered area. Our algorithm is easy to implement and highly efficient in generating a realistic appearance for the withering effect. For a medium‐scale model, we can achieve interactive simulation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic Nanoparticles Entrapped in Siliceous Mesocellular Foam: A New Catalyst Support
Authors: Lee Su Seong , Riduan Siti Nurhanna , Erathodiyil Nandanan , Lim Jaehong , Cheong Jian Liang , Cha Junhoe , Han Yu , Ying Jackie Y. 
Published: May 2012

Abstractγ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles were formed inside the cage‐like pores of mesocellular foam (MCF). These magnetic nanoparticles showed a uniform size distribution that could be easily controlled by the MCF pore size, as well as by the hydrocarbon chain length used for MCF surface modification. Throughout the entrapment process, the pore structure and surface area of the MCF remained intact. The resulting magnetic MCF facilitated the immobilization of biocatalysts, homogeneous catalysts, and nanoclusters. Moreover, the MCF allowed for facile catalyst recovery by using a simple magnet. The supported catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic efficiencies that were comparable to their homogeneous counterparts.
Click Ionic Liquids: A Family of Promising Tunable Solvents and Application in Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Li Liuyi , Wang Jinyun , Wu Tao , Wang Ruihu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA series of click ionic salts 4 a–4 n was prepared through click reaction of organic azides with alkyne‐functionalized imidazolium or 2‐methylimidazolium salts, followed by metathesis with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide or potassium hexafluorophosphate. All salts were characterized by IR, NMR, TGA, and DSC, and most of them can be classified as ionic liquids. Their steric and electronic properties can be easily tuned and modified through variation of the aromatic or aliphatic substituents at the imidazolium and/or triazolyl rings. The effect of anions and substituents at the two rings on the physicochemical properties was investigated. The charge and orbital distributions based on the optimized structures of cations in the salts were calculated. Reaction of 4 a with PdCl2 produced mononuclear click complex 4 a‐Pd, the structure of which was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling shows good catalytic stability and high recyclability in the presence of PdCl2 in 4 a. TEM and XPS analyses show formation of palladium nanoparticles after the reaction. The palladium NPs in 4 a are immobilized by the synergetic effect of coordination and electrostatic interactions with 1,2,3‐triazolyl and imidazolium, respectively.
Mesoporous Nickel Oxide Nanowires: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterisation and Applications for Lithium‐Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors with Superior Performance
Authors: Su Dawei , Kim Hyun‐Soo , Kim Woo‐Seong , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMesoporous nickel oxide nanowires were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction and subsequent annealing at 400 °C. The porous one‐dimensional nanostructures were analysed by field‐emission SEM, high‐resolution TEM and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm measurements. When applied as the anode material in lithium‐ion batteries, the as‐prepared mesoporous nickel oxide nanowires demonstrated outstanding electrochemical performance with high lithium storage capacity, satisfactory cyclability and an excellent rate capacity. They also exhibited a high specific capacitance of 348 F g−1 as electrodes in supercapacitors.
Siglec‐7 tetramers characterize B‐cell subpopulations and leukemic blasts
Authors: Gieseke Friederike , Mang Philippa , Viebahn Susanne , Sonntag Inga , Kruchen Anne , Erbacher Annika , Pfeiffer Matthias , Handgretinger Rupert , Müller Ingo 
Published: May 2012

Cell surface glycosylation has important regulatory functions in the maturation, act‐ivation, and homeostasis of lymphocytes. The family of human sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectins (siglecs) comprises inhibitory as well as activating receptors intimately involved in the regulation of immune responses. Analyses of the interaction between siglecs and glycans are hampered by the low affinity of this interaction. Therefore, we expressed siglec‐7 in eukaryotic cells, allowing for glycosylation, and oligomerized the protein in analogy to MHC tetramers. Using this tool, flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes became possible. Sialic acid‐dependent binding of siglec‐7 tetramers was confirmed by glycan array analysis and loss of siglec tetramer binding after neuraminidase treatment of lymphocytes. In contrast to most lymphocyte subpopulations, which showed high siglec‐7 ligand expression, B‐cell subpopulations could be further subdivided according to different siglec‐7 ligand expression levels. We also analyzed blasts from acute lymphoblastic leukemias of the B‐cell lineage as well as the T‐cell lineage, since malignant transformation is often associated with aberrant cell surface glycosylation. While pediatric T‐ALL blasts highly expressed siglec‐7 ligands, siglec‐7 ligands were barely detectable on cALL blasts.Taken together, oligomerization of recombinant soluble siglec‐7 enabled flow cytometric identification of physiologic lymphocyte subpopulations and malignant blasts.
Analysis of the anisotropy of group velocity error due to spatial finite difference schemes from the solution of the 2D linear Euler equations
Authors: Stegeman P. C. , Young M. E. , Soria J. , Ooi A. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYNumerical differencing schemes are subject to dispersive and dissipative errors, which in one dimension, are functions of a wavenumber. When these schemes are applied in two or three dimensions, the errors become functions of both wavenumber and the direction of the wave. For the Euler equations, the direction of flow and flow velocity are also important. Spectral analysis was used to predict the error in magnitude and direction of the group velocity of vorticity–entropy and acoustic waves in the solution of the linearised Euler equations in a two‐dimensional Cartesian space. The anisotropy in these errors, for three schemes, were studied as a function of the wavenumber, wave direction, mean flow direction and mean flow Mach number. Numerical experiments were run to provide confirmation of the developed theory. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large eddy simulation and a simple wall model for turbulent flow calculation by a particle method
Authors: Arai Jun , Koshizuka Seiichi , Murozono Koji 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYA turbulent channel flow and the flow around a cubic obstacle are calculated by the moving particle semi‐implicit method with the subparticle‐scale turbulent model and a wall model, which is based on the zero equation RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier‐Stokes). The wall model is useful in practical problems that often involve high Reynolds numbers and wall turbulence, because it is difficult to keep high resolution in the near‐wall region in particle simulation. A turbulent channel flow is calculated by the present method to validate our wall model. The mean velocity distribution agrees with the log‐law velocity profile near the wall. Statistical values are also the same order and tendency as experimental results with emulating viscous layer by the wall model. We also investigated the influence of numerical oscillations on turbulence analysis in using the moving particle semi‐implicit method. Finally, the turbulent flow around a cubic obstacle is calculated by the present method to demonstrate capability of calculating practical turbulent flows. Three characteristic eddies appear in front of, over, and in the back of the cube both in our calculation and the experimental result that was obtained by Martinuzzi and Tropea. Mean velocity and turbulent intensity profiles are predicted in the same order and have similar tendency as the experimental result. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First trimester transabdominal chorionic villus sampling—does the needle matter?
Authors: Wax Joseph R. , Cartin Angelina , Chard Renée , Carpenter Molly , Pinette Michael G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurposeTo compare first‐trimester transabdominal chorionic villus samples (TA‐CVS) when obtained by 20‐gauge amniocentesis versus lancet needles.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of all women with viable singleton pregnancies undergoing TA‐CVS from 01/01/2009 to 03/31/2011. All CVS were performed by a single operator using a freehand technique and amniocentesis needles from 01/01/2009 to 08/31/2010 and lancet needles from 09/01/2010 to 03/31/2011. All samples were processed by the same laboratory.ResultsThere were no differences between groups regarding maternal age, weight, gestational age at CVS, indication for CVS, uterine position, or placental location. Lancet needles were associated with significantly larger samples (median 18 [range 3–40] versus 7 [range 1–33] mg, p < 0.0001), more successful in situ hybridization (96% versus 74.2%, p = 0.03), and faster result reporting (median 7 [range 5–12] versus 9 [range 6–26] days, p = 0.002).ConclusionsNeedle type may be clinically important when selecting 20‐gauge TA‐CVS needles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 40:385–388, 2012
Sidestream microstream end tidal carbon dioxide measurements and blood gas correlations in neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Singh Bindya S. , Gilbert Urquidez , Singh Sharad , Govindaswami Balaji 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe study was designed to assess the use of newer sidestream microstream end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) device in predicting blood carbon dioxide (PCO2) measurements in very low birth weight (VLBW = birth weight <1,500 g) and non‐VLBW NICU neonates.Study DesignSidestream microstream ETCO2 detectors were allowed time to calibrate and reach steady state prior to blood gas measurements. Blood CO2 (PCO2) and simultaneous ETCO2 were recorded. Ratio of dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT) was calculated using modified Bohr's equation. Correlation coefficient, estimates of difference, standard deviation, and 95% limits of agreement between ETCO2 and PCO2 concentrations were calculated.ResultsTwo hundred eighty‐six paired samples were collected from 48 ventilated NICU patients. Average PCO2 and ETCO2 were 58.4 and 50.6 with a correlation of 0.76. Subgroup analysis showed a correlation of 0.73 in 204 paired blood from 34 VLBW infants and 0.82 in 82 paired samples from non‐VLBW infants. Estimates of difference ± standard deviation between PCO2 and ETCO2 concentrations in these three groups, respectively (ALL, VLBW, and non‐VLBW) were 7.84 ± 9.96, 8.2 ± 10.16, and 6.95 ± 9.45. The correlation coefficient significantly improved in the VLBW group to 0.86 with dead space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) <30% (0.86 vs. 0.42; P < 0.001).ConclusionETCO2 measurements using sidestream microstream technology in VLBW demonstrated that the correlation of ETCO2 and PCO2 was moderate, but the agreement was less than adequate (bias > 5 mmHg in all groups). The results improved with lower VD/VT, suggesting that sidestream capnography is more reliable in conditions of less severe lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:250–256. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wind turbine load reduction by rejecting the periodic load disturbances
Authors: Houtzager I. , van Wingerden J.W. , Verhaegen M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTFor the cost per kilowatt hour to be decreased, the trend in offshore wind turbines is to increase the rotor diameter as much as possible. The increasing dimensions have led to a relative increase of the loads on the wind turbine structure; thus, it is necessary to react to disturbances in a more detailed way, e.g. each blade separately. The disturbances acting on an individual wind turbine blade are to a large extent deterministic; for instance, tower shadow, wind shear, yawed error and gravity are depending on the rotational speed and azimuth angle and will change slowly over time. This paper aims to contribute to the development of individually pitch‐controlled blades by proposing a lifted repetitive controller that can reject these periodic load disturbances for modern fixed‐speed wind turbines and modern variable‐speed wind turbines operating above‐rated. The performance of the repetitive control method is evaluated on the UPWIND 5 MW wind turbine model and compared with typical individual pitch control. Simulation results indicate that for relatively slow changing periodic wind disturbances, this lifted repetitive control method can significantly reduce the vibrations in the wind turbine structure with considerably less high‐frequent control action. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trauma Care and Case Fatality during a Period of Frequent, Violent Terror Attacks and Thereafter
Authors: Rivkind Avraham I. , Blum Rony , Gershenstein Irena , Stein Yael , Coleman Shula , Mintz Yoav , Zamir Gideon , Richter Elihu D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundFrom September 1999 through January 2004 during the second Intifada (al‐Aqsa), there were frequent terror attacks in Jerusalem. We assessed the effects on case fatality of introducing a specialized, intensified approach to trauma care at the Hebrew University‐Hadassah Hospital Shock Trauma Unit (HHSTU) and other level I Israeli trauma units. This approach included close senior supervision of prehospital triage, transport, and all surgical procedures and longer hospital stays despite high patient‐staff ratios and low hospital budgets. Care for lower income patients also was subsidized.MethodsWe tracked case fatality rates (CFRs) initially during a period of terror attacks (1999–2003) in 8,127 patients (190 deaths) at HHSTU in subgroups categorized by age, injury circumstances, and injury severity scores (ISSs). Our comparisons were four other Israeli level I trauma centers (n = 2,000 patients), and 51 level I U.S. trauma centers (n = 265,902 patients; 15,237 deaths). Detailed HHSTU follow‐up continued to 2010.ResultsFive‐year HHSTU CFR (2.62 %) was less than half that in 51 U.S. centers (5.73 %). CFR progressively decreased; in contrast to a rising trend in the US for all age groups, injury types, and ISS groupings, including gunshot wounds (GSW). Patients with ISS > 25 accounted for 170 (89 %) of the 190 deaths in HHSTU. Forty‐one lives were saved notionally based on U.S. CFRs within this group. However, far more lives were saved from reductions in low CFRs in large numbers of patients with ISS < 25. CFRs in HHSTU and other Israeli trauma units decreased more through the decade to 1.9 % up to 2010.ConclusionsSustained reductions in trauma unit CFRs followed introduction of a specialized, intensified approach to trauma care.
ON CONTINUOUS SOLUTIONS OF AN EQUATION OF THE GOŁA̧B–SCHINZEL TYPE
Authors: JABŁOŃSKA ELIZA 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe characterise solutions f,g:ℝ→ℝ of the functional equation f(x+g(x)y)=f(x)f(y) under the assumption that f is continuous. Our considerations refer mainly to a paper by Chudziak [‘Semigroup-valued solutions of the Goła̧b–Schinzel functional equation’, Abh. Math. Semin. Univ. Hambg. 76, (2006), 91–98], in which the author studied the same equation assuming that g is continuous.
“They don't just disappear”: Acknowledging death in the long-term care setting
Authors: Maitland Janine , Brazil Kevin , James-Abra Bill 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to describe the value of a formal room blessing ritual held within a long-term care facility, from the perspectives of staff, residents, and family members.Method:A qualitative research study involving interviews with staff, residents, and family members was conducted to examine the perceived value of a room blessing ritual.Results:Twenty-four room blessing attendees participated in the study (nine staff, eight residents, and seven family members). Attendees felt that the room blessing provided an opportunity to formally acknowledge the death of the resident and their grief; the majority felt that this was a positive experience and that it provided an element of closure. Staff members and residents expressed their appreciation for the opportunity to connect with family members of the deceased to express their condolences during the ritual. Participants also identified the inclusivity of the ritual (i.e., an open invitation to all staff, residents, and family members) as a positive aspect that served as a reminder that others shared in their grief. Staff members felt that blessing the room for the new resident was an important component of the ritual, helping to bridge the gap between mourning and welcoming a new person. Staff, residents, and family members felt that the room blessing positively reflected the mission and values of the facility. The most highly valued aspect of the ritual for all attendees was the sharing of stories about the deceased to celebrate that person's life.Significance of results:Long-term care facilities need to recognize that formal supports to manage the bereavement needs of staff and residents, such as a room blessing ritual, should be incorporated into their model for managing end-of-life care, given the relationship between the emotional health of staff and the quality of care provided for residents.
Effect of wave frequency and directional spread on shoreline runup
Authors: Guza R. T. , Feddersen Falk 
Published: May 2012

Wave breaking across the surf zone elevates the mean water level at the shoreline (setup), and drives fluctuations about the mean (runup). Runup often is divided into sea‐swell (0.04–0.3 Hz) and lower frequency infragravity (0.00–0.04 Hz) components. With energetic incident waves, runup is dominated by infragravity frequencies, and total water levels (combined setup and runup) can exceed 3 m, significantly contributing to coastal flooding and erosion. Setup and runup observations on sandy beaches are scattered about empirical parameterizations based on near‐shoreline beach slope and deep water wave height and wavelength. Accurate parameterizations are needed to determine flooding and erosion risk to coastal ecosystems and communities. Here, numerical simulations with the Boussinesq wave model funwaveC are shown to statistically reproduce typical empirical setup and runup parameterizations. Furthermore, the model infragravity runupRs(ig) strongly depends on the incident wave directional and frequency spread (about the mean direction and peak frequency). Realistic directional spread variations change Rs(ig) equivalent to a factor of two variation in incident wave height. The modeled Rs(ig)is shown to vary systematically with a new, non‐dimensional spreading parameter that involves peak frequency, frequency spread, and directional spread. This suggests a new parameterization forRs(ig) potentially useful to predict coastal flooding and erosion.