bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting the Adoption of Genetically Modified Oilseed Rape Prognosen hinsichtlich der Einführung von gentechnisch verändertem Raps Prévisions sur l’adoption de colza transgénique
Authors: Breustedt Gunnar , Latacz‐Lohmann Uwe , Müller‐Scheeßel Jörg 
Published: July 2009

SummaryForecasting the Adoption of Genetically Modified Oilseed RapeWe explore farmers’ willingness to adopt genetically modified oilseed rape prior to its commercial release and estimate the ‘demand’ for the new technology. The analysis is based upon experiments with arable farmers in Germany who were asked to choose among conventional and GM rapeseed varieties with different characteristics. Our analysis has shown that ex ante GM adoption decisions are driven by profit expectations and personal as well as farm characteristics. Monetary and technological determinants such as the gross margin advantage of GM oilseed rape varieties, expected liability from cross pollination and restricted flexibility in returning to conventional oilseed rape growing affect the willingness to adopt GM rape in the expected directions. The results further indicate that neighbourhood effects and public attitudes matter a lot, such that individual farmers may not feel entirely free in their technology choice. Our demand simulations suggest that monopolistic seed prices would be set at between €50 and €100 per hectare, leaving farmers with a small share of the GM rent. This raises the question as to whether the farmers surveyed would actually benefit from the approval of GM rape varieties if the technology were to be provided by a single firm.
The Development of a Novel Adaptive Seating System for Children with Neuromuscular Disorders
Authors: Telfer S. , Solomonidis S. , Spence W. 
Published: July 2009

Adaptive seating has been defined as the customized prescription and application of sitting support devices based on therapeutic principles. It is recognized that for children with neuromuscular disorders that result in poor postural control, a comfortable adaptive seating system that provides them with the support needed to maintain a sitting position can be essential for raising their overall level of well being. These systems are also used to try and prevent or to slow the progression of skeletal deformities. However, problems with current adaptive seating systems do exist. After extensive research into these problems we developed a novel adaptive seating system which aims to improve on current designs. It includes a number of innovative features including
• Active dynamic supports: The backrest and headrest are mounted on gas springs, allowing them to move in order to accommodate the user's task induced movement or abnormal muscle tone. The forces applied to and the position of the supports are monitored and used to control motors attached to the gas springs. This means that the user can, when required, be returned to their original position in a controlled but still dynamic manner. The “floating” nature of these supports, especially the backrest, is also intended to allow for some growth of the user.
• Novel backrest shape: In an attempt to positively influence abnormal hip extensor tone, the user's trunk is given a predominantly lateral rather than posterior type of support. Preliminary results suggest that this approach could have some beneficial effects in terms of reducing abnormal hip extensor tone.
• Multi-planar tilting seat base: Tilting of the base in the saggital and coronal planes can be actuated manually or pre-programmed to do so automatically at set intervals. This aims to improve user comfort and prevent the development of pressure sores and could also be used to accommodate deformities such as pelvic obliquities.
Through these features the novel system has the potential to provide improved comfort, support and functionality for the users and to reduce the burden place on those who care for them.
Prevalence of radiological signs of femoroacetabular impingement in patients presenting with long-standing adductor-related groin pain
Authors: Weir A , de Vos R J , Moen M , Hölmich P , Tol J L 
Published: July 2009

ObjectiveA decreased range of motion (ROM) of the hip joint is known to predispose to athletic groin injury. Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) of the hip leads to a reduced ROM. This study examined the prevalence of radiological signs of FAI in patients presenting with long-standing adductor-related groin pain (LSARGP).DesignProspective case series.SettingOutpatient Sports Medicine Department.Patients34 athletes with LSARGP defined as pain on palpation of the proximal insertion of adductor muscle and a painful, resisted adduction test.AssessmentA clinician blinded to the results of the radiological assessment performed a physical examination: iliopsoas length, hip ROM and anterior hip impingement test. Anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were examined by a second blinded clinician for the presence of: pistol grip deformity, centrum-collum-diaphyseal angle, femoral head neck ratio, coxa profunda, protrusio acetabuli, lateral centre edge angle, acetabular index and cross-over sign.ResultsThe prevalence of radiological signs of FAI was 94% (64/68). The mean number of radiological signs in hips with LSARGP was 1.84 (range 0–4, SD 1.05) and 1.96 (range 0–5, SD 1.12) in asymptomatic groins (p=0.95). The anterior hip impingement test was positive in nine cases. There was no relationship with the number of radiological signs (p=0.95). There was no correlation between hip ROM and the number of radiological signs (p=0.37).ConclusionRadiological signs of FAI are frequently observed in patients presenting with LSARGP. Clinicians should be aware of this fact and the possible lack of correlation when assessing athletes with groin pain.
A NEW PARAMETER: AN ABACUS FOR OPTIMIZING PV–T HYBRID SOLAR DEVICE FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS USING THE BOUBAKER POLYNOMIALS EXPANSION SCHEME
Authors: FRIDJINE S. , AMLOUK M. 
Published: July 2009

In this study, we define a synthetic parameter: optothermal expansivity as a quantitative guide to evaluating and optimizing both the thermal and the optical performance of PV–T functional materials. The definition of this parameter, ψAB(Amlouk–Boubaker parameter), takes into account the thermal diffusivity and the optical effective absorptivity of the material. The values of this parameter, which seems to be a characteristic one, correspond to the total volume that contains a fixed amount of heat per unit time (m3s-1) and can be considered as a 3D velocity of the transmitted heat inside the material.As the PV–T combined devices need to have simultaneous optical and thermal efficiency, we try to investigate some recently proposed materials (β- SnS2, In2S3, ZnS1-xSex|0 ≤x<0.5and Zn -doped thioindate compounds) using the newly established ψAB/Egabacus.
Basal glacier ice and massive ground ice: different scientists, same science?
Authors: Waller Richard I. , Murton Julian B. , Knight Peter G. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Whilst glaciologists and permafrost researchers investigate ice bodies using similar techniques, there has been surprisingly little collaboration between the two communities. This paper examines the potential benefits of interdisciplinary research into the formation of basal ice beneath glaciers and the origin of massive ice in glaciated permafrost regions. Active collaboration in these areas has already improved our understanding of the formation of basal ice beneath cold-based glaciers, the critical role played by basal freezing in controlling the dynamic behaviour of stagnating ice streams and the significance of glacier–permafrost interactions at the margins of Pleistocene ice sheets. However, in order to promote future collaboration certain obstacles need to be overcome. The contrasting ice-classification schemes employed by glaciologists and permafrost scientists, for example, need to be unified in order to allow detailed comparisons of ice-rich sequences in both environments. This could, in turn, enable exciting research advances, most notably by facilitating the identification of preserved remnants of Pleistocene ice sheets within permafrost regions that provide a potentially invaluable and currently largely untapped source of palaeoglaciological information.
Low Concentrations of Diindolylmethane, a Metabolite of Indole-3-Carbinol, Protect against Oxidative Stress in a BRCA1-Dependent Manner
Authors: Fan Saijun , Meng Qinghui , Saha Tapas , Sarkar Fazlul H. , Rosen Eliot M. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The indole-3-carbinol (I3C) metabolite 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) is a proposed cancer prevention agent for various tumor types, including breast cancer. Here, we show that DIM up-regulates expression of the tumor suppressor protein BRCA1 in carcinoma and normal cell types. Up-regulation of BRCA1 was dose and time dependent, and it was observed at physiologically relevant micromolar and submicromolar DIM concentrations when cells were exposed for 72 hours. Treatment with the parent compound (I3C) or DIM (1 μmol/L) protected against cell killing due to H2O2 and other oxidants, and the protection was abrogated by knockdown of BRCA1. DIM stimulated signaling by the antioxidant transcription factor NFE2L2 (NRF2) through the antioxidant response element in a BRCA1-dependent manner. We further showed that DIM rapidly stimulated phosphorylation of BRCA1 on Ser 1387 and Ser 1524 and that these phosphorylations are required for protection against oxidative stress. DIM-induced phosphorylation of BRCA1 on Ser 1387 was dependent on ataxia-telangiectasia mutated. Finally, in our assay systems, H2O2-induced cell death was not due to apoptosis. However, a significant component of cell death was attributable to autophagy, and both DIM and BRCA1 inhibited H2O2-induced autophagy. Our findings suggest that low concentrations of DIM protect cells against oxidative stress via the tumor suppressor BRCA1 by several distinct mechanisms. [Cancer Res 2009;69(15):6083–91]
Identification of Las2, a Major Modifier Gene Affecting the Pas1 Mouse Lung Tumor Susceptibility Locus
Authors: Liu Peng-Yuan , Vikis Haris , James Michael , Lu Yan , Wang Dao-Long , Liu Hong-Bo , Wen Wei-Dong , Wang Yian , You Ming 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Here, we describe a genome-wide association study of chemically induced lung tumorigenesis on 593 mice from 21 inbred strains using 115,904 genotyped and 1,952,918 imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Using a genetic background–controlled genome search, we identified a novel lung tumor susceptibility gene Las2 (Lung adenoma susceptibility 2) on distal chromosome 18. Las2 showed strong association with resistance to tumor induction (rs30245983; P = 1.87 × 10−9) as well as epistatic interactions (P = 1.71 × 10−3) with the pulmonary adenoma susceptibility 1 locus, a major locus affecting mouse lung tumor development (rs13459098, P = 5.64 × 10−27). Sequencing analysis revealed four nonsynonymous SNPs and two insertions/deletions in the susceptible allele of Las2, resulting in the loss of tumor suppressor activities in both cell colony formation and nude mouse tumorigenicity assays. Deletion of LAS2 was observed in ∼40% of human lung adenocarcinomas, implying that loss of function of LAS2 may be a key step for lung tumorigenesis. [Cancer Res 2009;69(15):6290–8]
A Spontaneous Acinar Cell Carcinoma Model for Monitoring Progression of Pancreatic Lesions and Response to Treatment Through Noninvasive Bioluminescence Imaging
Authors: Zhang Ning , Lyons Scott , Lim Ed , Lassota Peter 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Purpose: We have generated an EL1-luc/TAg transgenic mouse model that develops spontaneous and bioluminescent acinar cell carcinomas. We applied this model to noninvasively monitor tumor development and drug response.
Experimental Design: EL1-luc/TAg transgenic mice of 11 weeks of age were treated with rapamycin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle for 6 to 12 weeks. Tumor development was monitored through bioluminescence imaging and necropsy at the study end point.
Results: EL1-luc/TAg transgenic mice showed pancreas-specific bioluminescence signal before tumor progression and produced increasing light emission from the onset of the pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas. The latency of tumor development ranged from 10 to &gt;20 weeks of age in these mice. Progression of the primary acinar cell carcinoma was accompanied by emergence of metastatic lesions in the abdominal organs, including liver and gastrointestinal fat tissues. Rapamycin treatment suppressed tumor development.
Conclusions: The EL1-luc/TAg mouse provides a noninvasive approach for monitoring spontaneous acinar cell carcinoma development and comprises a convenient tool for the evaluation of novel therapeutics against pancreatic cancers. Tumor growth suppression through inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway further validates this model as clinically relevant.
EPOX Inhibits Angiogenesis by Degradation of Mcl-1 through ERK Inactivation
Authors: Sun Hui-Lung , Tsai An-Chi , Pan Shiow-Lin , Ding Qingqing , Yamaguchi Hirohito , Lin Chun-Nan , Hung Mien-Chie , Teng Che-Ming 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Antiangiogenic therapy is considered as an effective strategy for controlling the growth and metastasis of tumors. Among a myriad of biological activities described for xanthone derivatives, the anticancer activity is quite remarkable, but the molecular mechanism is not clearly resolved. In the present study, we investigated the antiangiogenic mechanism of 3,6-di(2,3-epoxypropoxy)xanthone (EPOX), a novel Mcl-1 targeting drug.
Experimental Design: To evaluate the antiangiogenic activity of EPOX, we did cell viability, cell cycle, tube formation assay in vitro, and Matrigel plug assay in vivo. To evaluate the effect of EPOX on the endothelial signaling pathway, we did immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence analysis. Intracellular glutathione levels were determined with the use of monochlorobimane, a glutathione-specific probe.
Results: EPOX induced endothelial cell apoptosis in association with proteasome-dependent Mcl-1 degradation. Down-regulation of Mcl-1 resulted in an increase in Mcl-1–free Bim, activation of Bax, and then signaling of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, glutathione depletion and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inactivation was observed in EPOX-treated cells. Glutathione supplementation reversed the inhibitory effects of EPOX on ERK, which increases the phosphorylation of Mcl-1 at T163. Overexpression of mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase (MEK) partially reversed the effect of EPOX on Mcl-1 dephosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation, further implicating ERK in the regulation of Mcl-1 stability.
Conclusions: This study provides evidence that EPOX induces glutathione depletion, ERK inactivation, and Mcl-1 degradation on endothelial cells, which leads to inhibition of angiogenesis. Our results suggest that EPOX is a novel antiangiogenic agent, making it a promising lead compound for further development in the treatment of angiogenesis-related pathologies.
Cancer Pharmacoethnicity: Ethnic Differences in Susceptibility to the Effects of Chemotherapy
Authors: O'Donnell Peter H. , Dolan M. Eileen 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
A long-term goal of pharmacogenomics research is the design of individualized therapy based on the genomic sequence of the patient, in order to maximize response and minimize adverse drug reactions. Pharmacoethnicity, or ethnic diversity in drug response or toxicity, is becoming increasingly recognized as an important factor accounting for interindividual variation in anticancer drug responsiveness. Although pharmacoethnicity is determined by genetic and nongenetic factors, there is rapidly accumulating clinical evidence about ethnic differences in the frequencies of polymorphisms within many of the important cancer drug-related genes. This article reviews the current clinical evidence for ethnic differences in anticancer drug disposition and sensitivity while highlighting the challenges, and potential solutions, to acquiring such knowledge. The discovery of “ethnic-specific genetic signatures,” representing unique sets of drug susceptibility-governing polymorphisms, may be the outcome of such work. Ultimately, such understanding will further the lofty goal of individualization of chemotherapy based on a person's unique genetic make-up to improve the tolerability and effectiveness of chemotherapy for all patients.
Transcriptional Repression and Inhibition of Nuclear Translocation of Androgen Receptor by Diallyl Trisulfide in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Stan Silvia D. , Singh Shivendra V. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Purpose: The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a promising cancer chemopreventive constituent of garlic, on androgen receptor (AR) protein expression and function using prostate cancer cells.
Experimental Design: The protein levels of AR and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were determined by immunoblotting. The effect of DATS treatment on AR mRNA level and AR promoter activity was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and luciferase reporter assay, respectively. Expression of AR protein in poorly differentiated carcinoma and normal prostate of transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice was determined by immunohistochemistry. Confocal microscopy was done to determine nuclear translocation of AR. Cell viability was determined by trypan blue dye exclusion assay.
Results: Exposure of prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, C4-2, and TRAMP-C1) to DATS resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in protein level of AR, which was accompanied by suppression of intracellular and secreted levels of PSA. Structure-activity studies revealed critical roles for allyl groups and the oligosulfide chain length in DATS-mediated down-modulation of AR protein. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed a dose-dependent decrease in AR mRNA level, which correlated with inhibition of AR promoter activity. DATS treatment inhibited synthetic androgen (R1881)-stimulated nuclear translocation of AR in LNCaP/C4-2 cells and proliferation of LNCaP cells. Oral gavage of 2 mg/day DATS (three times per week for 13 weeks) markedly suppressed AR protein level in poorly differentiated prostate cancer in TRAMP mice.
Conclusion: The present study shows, for the first time, that DATS treatment suppresses AR function in prostate cancer cells.
Touch insensitive foraging of Caenorhabditis elegans in a constrained structure
Authors: Eo Jinu , Otobe Kazunori 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The objective of this study was to clarify the role of touch sensors in the
foraging of Caenorhabditis elegans in a constrained structure. The strains
tested included an array of mechanosensory mutants insensitive to touch in
the body, tail or nose. The mutants and wild type nematodes repeated forward
and backward movement in a micro-moulded substrate as on the surface of agar
gel. Differences in the foraging pattern were not obvious among mutant
groups having different touch sensor deficit in the substrate, and all
strains of nematode successfully moved out of the T-shaped structure after
searching the configuration of their environment. The results suggest that
the touch sensor is a weak contributor to the performance of the worms when
foraging, and the behaviour is governed by intrinsic spontaneous patterns in
the absence of any stimuli in natural habitat.
Protein biomarkers to distinguish oat and lucerne races of the stem nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, with quarantine significance for Western Australia
Authors: Perera Modika R. , Taylor Sharyn P. , Vanstone Vivien A. , Jones Michael G.K. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, is a serious pest of forage,
horticultural and other crops. The two races of D. dipsaci that occur in
Australia are the oat and lucerne races. These two races have the 'normal'
morphology compared to the 'giant' type that attacks Vicia faba. The oat and
lucerne races have been found in eastern Australia but not in Western
Australia. There are no morphological or specific molecular tests to
differentiate races within closely related 'normal' types of D. dipsaci. The
aim of this work was to find protein biomarkers that would differentiate oat
and lucerne races of D. dipsaci using matrix-assisted laser
desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS), 2-D
PAGE and associated proteomics techniques. Three protein biomarkers at m/z
4313 ± 0.1%, 6300 ± 0.1% and 7460 ± 0.1% were found that discriminate the
oat and lucerne races of D. dipsaci using MALDI-TOFMS. The biomarker at m/z
4313 ± 0.1% was the prominent race-specific marker for the lucerne race and
is almost absent in the oat race. In addition, proteomic maps were obtained
by 2-D PAGE of proteins extracted from oat and lucerne races of D. dipsaci.
This analysis allowed a comparison of acetone soluble proteins of oat and
lucerne races of D. dipsaci. A prominent protein spot was identified with an
isoelectric point (pI) of about 5 and molecular mass ca 4.5 kDa for the
lucerne race, which was absent in the oat race. This particular protein was
trypsin-digested and analysed by MALDI-TOFMS and MALDI-TOF-TOFMS. The
resultant spectra of peptide mass fingerprints (PMF) showed two major
peptides at m/z 845 ± 0.1%, 916 ± 0.1% and a less intense peptide at m/z
1258 ± 0.1%. De novo sequencing and MS/MS interpreted amino acid sequences
are presented.
Recovery of infective juveniles of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae via factors produced by insect cells and symbiotic bacteria
Authors: Kikuta Shingo , Kiuchi Takashi , Aoki Fugaku , Nagata Masao 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae, show 'recovery' from the
dauer form as infective juveniles (IJ) up to fourth-stage juveniles when
host invasion occurs. This recovery also occurs within an insect cell line
culturing system. Here we addressed the factor(s) that induce recovery. When
IJ were exposed to cell medium obtained from the cultivation of Sf9 cell
lines derived from armyworms (Spodoptera frugiperda), approximately 50% of
IJ recovered after 4 h. By 16 h, 90% of the IJ had undergone recovery. Other
insect cell lines such as silkworm (Bombyx mori)-derived BmN cells and fruit
fly (Drosophila melanogaster)-derived S2 cells also secreted the recovery
inducing factor(s). By contrast, mammalian cells (NIH/3T3 and HeLa) had no
effect on nematode recovery. Our data also suggest that symbiotic bacteria
are involved in IJ recovery; axenic IJ did not recover in the cell-cultured
medium. When symbiotic bacteria isolated from IJ were propagated within the
cell-cultured medium, the supernatant gained recovery-inducing activity
against axenic IJ. From these results, we conclude that IJ recovery in S.
carpocapsae is induced by multiple factor(s) secreted from insect cells and
symbiont bacteria.