bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occipital involvement in female pattern hair loss: histopathological evidences
Authors: Ekmekci TR , Sakiz D , Koslu A 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground  Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is characterized by diffuse thinning of hair in the frontal and parietal areas of the scalp, and preservation of the frontal hairline is the norm. Hair on the occipital scalp is thought to be preserved.Objective  To investigate whether the occipital area is involved in FPHL or whether there is a diffuse type of FPHL.Methods  Forty female patients who had complained about hair loss for more than a year and were diagnosed with FPHL according to the Ludwig classification were included. Two punch biopsies from both the midscalp and the occiput were taken. Histological sections were prepared horizontally and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Terminal follicles, vellus like follicles, anagen, telogen, catagen follicles, hair bulbs and telogen germinal units were counted in two sections of the upper dermis and the dermal‐subcutaneous junction. If the terminal/vellus ratio was lower than 4:1, the diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) was made. When the ratio was between four and seven to one, AGA was suspected.Results  While 29 of 40 patients (72.5%) had findings consistent with AGA on the midscalp, 11 of 40 (27.5%) displayed signs of suspected AGA. Ten of 40 patients (25%) had AGA involving the occiput.Conclusion  The involvement of the occipital scalp is significant in FPHL. In some patients, this situation may be so apparent that clinically visible alopecia is seen. However, in other patients, it may also present only as thinning.
A longitudinal twin study of the direction of effects between psychopathic personality and antisocial behaviour
Authors: Forsman Mats , Lichtenstein Paul , Andershed Henrik , Larsson Henrik 
Published: August 2009

Background:  Antisocial behaviour may partly develop as a consequence of psychopathic personality. However, neither the direction of effects nor the aetiology of the association has previously been clarified. The aim in this study was to investigate the direction of effects between psychopathic personality and antisocial behaviour, and to investigate the genetic and environmental contribution to this association.Method:  Twins (n = 2,255) in the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development were prospectively followed from adolescence to adulthood. We used a longitudinal cross‐lagged twin model to study the associations between psychopathic personality and antisocial behaviour.Results:  Psychopathic personality in mid‐adolescence predicted antisocial behaviour in adulthood (p < .001), but not the other way around. However, bidirectional effects were found when a measure of persistent antisocial behaviour (from age 8–9 to age 16–17) was used. Psychopathic personality predicted both rule‐breaking behaviour (p < .001) and aggressive behaviour (p < .01). Genetic factors were of importance in mediating the longitudinal associations between psychopathic personality and antisocial behaviour.Conclusions:  This study provides evidence that genetically influenced psychopathic personality is a robust predictor of adult antisocial behaviour, but also that persistent antisocial behaviour has an impact on adult psychopathic personality via genetic effects.
A predictive mathematical model of muscle forces for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: LEE SAMUEL C K , DING JUN , PROSSER LAURA A , WEXLER ANTHONY S , BINDER‐MACLEOD STUART A 
Published: August 2009

Aim  The purpose of this study was to determine if our previously developed muscle model could be used to predict forces of the quadriceps femoris and triceps surae muscles of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP).Method  Twenty‐two children with CP (12 males, 10 females; mean age 10y, SD 2y, range 7–13y; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II and III) participated. A physiologically based mathematical model with four free parameters is presented.Results  For individuals with CP, the model predicted well the force profile throughout each contraction and both peak force and force–time integral responses to a wide range of stimulation frequencies (5–100Hz) and different stimulation patterns (constant‐, variable‐, and doublet‐frequency trains) both for nonfatigued and fatigued muscles.Interpretation  The significance of this work is the insight the model can provide into the physiology of muscle in CP. Additionally, the model can potentially be applied clinically to design optimal electrical stimulation patterns for interventions to address impairments in strength and function in individuals with CP, such as functional electrical stimulation‐assisted cycling.
Translating women's human rights in a globalizing world: the spiral process in reducing gender injustice in Baroda, India
Authors: RAJARAM N. , ZARARIA VAISHALI 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this article we analyse the translation of global women's rights ideas in a local context, based on an ethnographic study of three women's organizations from Baroda, Gujarat state, India. On a macro‐level, the local social and cultural norms, the development context, and the nature and role of the state strongly shaped the translation process. Micro processes of translation depend on the organization's core activity, the actors who direct the translation and where they are culturally anchored. Translation involves meaning‐making, which consists of several simultaneous processes, including recuperation, hybridization, simplification and compartmentalization. The direction of the translation process is not linear, but resembles a spiral with ideas moving from global to local to global. Lastly, there are different types of translators, including converters, generators, conveyers, adaptors and transformers.
‘Bringing coals to Newcastle’? Human rights, civil rights and social movements in New York City
Authors: ROSEN MIHAELA ŞERBAN , YOON DIANA H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this article we examine the encounter between global human rights ideas and domestic discourses of civil rights and social justice, focusing on processes of translation and adaptation of women's human rights in two ethnographic sites in New York City. The first site is a citywide coalition working for the adoption of a New York City human rights ordinance. The second site is an advocacy organization working on domestic violence issues. We find that the local adoption of human rights in New York City – the ‘domestication’ of human rights – takes place in two central sites: law and social movement. We further find that the process of translation takes place unevenly in the two sites, and it is driven primarily by the actors, mechanisms and technologies in the social movement arena. Overall, we witness the emergence of a domestic human rights movement as a new counter‐hegemonic space, characterized by multiplicity in meanings, ideological heterogeneity and ambivalence from those engaged in its construction.
Dexrazoxane protects the heart from acute doxorubicin‐induced QT prolongation: a key role forIKs
Authors: Ducroq J , Moha ou Maati H , Guilbot S , Dilly S , Laemmel E , Pons‐Himbert C , Faivre JF , Bois P , Stücker O , Le Grand M 
Published: August 2009

Introduction: Doxorubicin, an anthracycline widely used in the treatment of a broad range of tumours, causes acute QT prolongation. Dexrazoxane has been shown to prevent the QT prolongation induced by another anthracycline, epirubicin, but has not yet been reported to prevent that induced by doxorubicin. Thus, the present study was designed to test whether the acute QT effects induced by doxorubicin could be blocked by dexrazoxane and to explore the mechanism. Results were compared with those obtained with a reference human ether‐a‐go‐go (hERG) channel blocker, moxifloxacin.Methods: The effects of moxifloxacin (100 µM) and doxorubicin (30 µM), with or without dexrazoxane (from 3 to 30 µM), have been evaluated on the QTc interval in guinea‐pig isolated hearts and onIKr(rapid component of the delayed rectifier current) andIKs(slow component of the delayed rectifier current) currents stably expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells.Results: Moxifloxacin (100 µM), a potent hERG blocker, prolonged QTc by 22%, and this effect was not prevented by dexrazoxane. Doxorubicin (30 µM) also prolonged QTc by 13%, did not significantly block hERG channels and specifically inhibitedIKs(IC50: 4.78 µM). Dexrazoxane significantly reduced the doxorubicin‐induced QTc prolongation and prevented doxorubicin‐induced inhibition ofIKs.Conclusion and implications: Doxorubicin acutely prolonged the QT interval in guinea‐pig heart by selectiveIKsblockade. This effect was prevented by dexrazoxane. This result is important because it illustrates the danger of neglectingIKsin favour of hERG screening alone, for early preclinical testing for possible induction of torsade de pointes.This article is part of a themed section on QT safety. To view this issue visithttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121548564/issueyear?year=2010
Targeting PPAR receptors in the airway for the treatment of inflammatory lung disease
Authors: Belvisi Maria G , Mitchell Jane A 
Published: August 2009

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand‐activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. PPARγ regulates several metabolic pathways by binding to sequence‐specific PPAR response elements in the promoter region of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis and glucose metabolism. However, more recently PPARγ, PPARα and PPARβ/δ agonists have been demonstrated to exhibit anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties thus opening up new avenues for research. The actions of PPARγ and PPARα activation are thought to be due to their ability to down regulate pro‐inflammatory gene expression and inflammatory cell functions, and as such makes them an attractive target for novel drug intervention. Interestingly, PPARβ/δ has been shown to be involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, lipid metabolism and thrombosis. In this review we will focus on the data describing the beneficial effects of these ligands in the airway and in the pulmonary vasculature and in vivo in animal models of allergic and occupational asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis. A clinical trial is underway to examine the effect of rosiglitazone in asthma patients and the outcome of this trial is awaited with much anticipation. In conclusion, PPARs are novel targets for lung disease and continued work with these ligands may result in a potential new treatment for chronic inflammatory lung diseases.This article is part of a themed issue on Mediators and Receptors in the Resolution of Inflammation. To view this issue visit http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121548564/issueyear?year=2009
Acting and actio in the sermons of Lancelot Andrewes
Authors: Wesley John 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper considers the interaction between performance and interpretation in the sermons of Lancelot Andrewes, and presents his pulpit oratory as a drama whose choreographed movements served the protean demands of impersonation as well as the revelation of meaning. Several recent studies have pointed to the shared cultural and religious functions of the pulpit and stage in Renaissance England, but this article focuses on their shared actions. The physical skills in delivery, or actio, so crucial to persuasion were first taught to Andrewes through academic drama, and I find this fusion of acting and learning reproduced in his sermons. So, in the concluding analysis of a 1602 sermon, an attempt is made to describe how an Andrewes performance might have looked, the speculation for which relies on the relationship between gesture and emotion that informs the craft of both actors and orators. It is suggested that the preacher's movements are inseparable not only from exegetical strategies, but also from the process of emotional discovery that guides and inspires belief.
PROGRESS IN UREMIC TOXIN RESEARCH: Protein‐Bound Toxins—Update 2009
Authors: Jourde‐Chiche Noémie , Dou Laetitia , Cerini Claire , Dignat‐George Françoise , Vanholder Raymond , Brunet Philippe 
Published: August 2009

AbstractProtein‐bound uremic retention solutes constitute a group whose common characteristic is their difficult removal by dialysis. In 2003, the EUTox group described 25 protein‐bound solutes. They comprised six advanced glycation end products (AGE), four phenols (including p‐cresol), six indoles (including indoxylsulfate), two hippurates, three polyamines, and two peptides, homocysteine and 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropionic acid (CMPF). As then, three new compounds have been added to the list: phenylacetic acid, dinucleoside polyphosphates, and IL‐18. During the last years, protein‐bound compounds have been identified as some of the main toxins involved in vascular lesions of chronic kidney disease. The removal of these solutes by conventional hemodialysis (HD) is low because only the free fraction of the solute is available for diffusion. The increase in the convective part with hemodiafiltration improves the performance of depuration but convection only applies to the free fraction and its benefit is limited. One possibility to improve the removal of a protein‐bound solute would be to stimulate its dissociation from the binding protein. This could be obtained in experiments by setting the dialysate flow rate and the dialyzer mass transfer area coefficient (KoA) at much higher levels than the plasma flow rate, or by adding to the dialysate a sorbent such as activated charcoal or albumin. In the future, specific adsorbents may be developed. Today, the only possibility is to use approaches such as daily HD and long HD which could allow better equilibration between extravascular and vascular compartments and consequently result in greater removal of protein‐bound compounds.
PROGRESS IN UREMIC TOXIN RESEARCH: Adiponectin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Adamczak Marcin , Chudek Jerzy , Więcek Andrzej 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAdiponectin is one of many so called “adipokines”—cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and complement proteins secreted by adipose tissue—that can affect the function of other organs. This antiatherogenic and insulin‐sensitizing polypeptide is eliminated from the circulation mostly by the kidneys. Thus, in patients with chronic kidney disease, adiponectin accumulates in the circulation; its plasma concentration is approximately three times higher in end stage kidney disease than in healthy subjects. As no biological consequences of these unusually high adiponectin concentrations have been demonstrated, this polypeptide cannot be considered as a uremic toxin. On the contrary, inadequately low instead of high plasma adiponectin concentration is recognized as a new nontraditional risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients. This review summarizes the causes and clinical consequences of adiponectin accumulation in the circulation of patients with chronic kidney disease.
Progress in Uremic Toxin Research: Genetics/Genomics in Chronic Kidney Disease—Towards Personalized Medicine?
Authors: Luttropp Karin , Lindholm Bengt , Carrero Juan Jesus , Glorieux Griet , Schepers Eva , Vanholder Raymond , Schalling Martin , Stenvinkel Peter , Nordfors Louise 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe progression rate of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to its terminal stage, end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), and the development and severity of various complications, are at least indirectly influenced by genetic—and epigenetic—factors. For years, scientists have held out hope that the rapidly evolving field of genetics could transform medical diagnosis and treatment, moving beyond a trial‐and‐error approach towards “personalized medicine.” Indeed, there are now signs that the role of genetics and the pursuit of “personalized medicine” in medical care will be a priority for governments during years to come. But the vision of individualized treatment based on a patient’s genetic makeup and other biological markers has yet to materialize in the field of CKD and ESRD. As the toxic uremic environment may render CKD patients more sensitive to the effects of genetic variants, it is likely that genetic factors could be of special importance in this high‐risk population. Therefore, outcome in the CKD population may be improved by establishing individual genetic/epigenetic profiles, thus enabling physicians to design an individualized therapeutic strategy. Personalized medicine based on a more individualized therapy could be applied in, for example, pharmacotherapy (CYP genes), dialysis therapy, and nutritional and lifestyle modifications.
Application of the Kessner and Kotelchuck Prenatal Care Adequacy Indices in a Preterm Birth Population
Authors: Bloch Joan Rosen , Dawley Katy , Suplee Patricia Dunphy 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT
Objectives: Healthy People 2010 goals to eliminate racial and ethnic health disparities that persist in the utilization of prenatal care (PNC) highlight the importance of measuring PNC as a variable in maternal and infant health outcomes research. These disparities are significantly correlated to adverse infant outcomes in preterm birth (PTB), a leading cause of infant mortality and life‐long morbidity. Currently the most extensively used PNC adequacy indices (Kessner and Kotelchuck) were developed to measure outcomes in populations consisting mostly of full‐term births. It is unclear whether these PNC adequacy indices are reliable when pregnancy is truncated due to PTB (<37 weeks). This paper compares and demonstrates how they can be applied in a specific PTB cohort.Design and Sample: This secondary analysis of a nested case‐control study compares Kessner and Kotelchuck adequacy scores of 367 mothers of PTB infants.Results: There were significant differences in the rating of PNC inadequacy ( p<.001) depending on the PNC adequacy index used.Conclusion: Critical evaluation is warranted before using these PNC adequacy indices in future public health nursing and PTB research.
The Environmental Health Engagement Profile: What People Think and Do About Environmental Health
Authors: Dixon Jane K. , Hendrickson Karrie C. , Ercolano Elizabeth , Quackenbush Robi , Dixon John P. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To develop and validate the Environmental Health Engagement Profile (EHEP)—an instrument for assessing the way people engage with environmental health issues, including people's experience of environmental health hazards, the assumptions concerning the risks involved, and the actions taken either individually or collectively in their communities.Design and Sample: This instrument development study was conducted in an urban area with varying levels of health‐related environmental concerns. First, qualitative interviews with 41 residents informed development of items. Next, the items were evaluated by 28 expert reviewers. Finally, validity was assessed from responses of 433 residents who completed the instrument and other measures by telephone interview.Measures: For assessing validity of EHEP, data were also collected concerning demographic characteristics, social involvements, goodness of life, and self‐ratings of health.Results: Through factor analysis, 5 subscales were identified—named Pollution Sensitivity Scale (α=.91), Pollution‐Causes‐Illness Scale (α=.84), Pollution Acceptance Scale (α=.67), Community Environment Action Scale (α=.79), and Personal Environmental Action Scale (α=.63). Patterns of correlations of these scales with age, and measures of odor sensitivity, social involvement, and goodness of life provided evidence of construct validity.Conclusions: These results provide beginning evidence for the reliability and validity of the EHEP. Thus, public health nurses and others may use this instrument to assess people's concerns about environmental health, and resulting actions—and to support strategies for advising people and communities on protecting their health.
Translation and Testing of the Cardiac Diet Self‐Efficacy Scale for Use With Taiwanese Older Adults
Authors: Chen Su‐Hui , Shao Jung‐Hua 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT Objectives:The purposes of this investigation were to translate the Cardiac Diet Self‐Efficacy (CDSE) scale from English to Mandarin Chinese and to test the validity, reliability, and feasibility of the translated scale in a sample of Taiwanese older adults.Design and Sample:This study used a methodological design to translate the CDSE based on the Brislin's model: (1) translation from source language (SL) of English to the target language (TL) of Chinese, (2) evaluation of Chinese version, (3) blind back translation from Chinese to English, (4) comparison of original and back‐translated English versions, and (5) evaluation of the translated scale by a committee of bilingual Taiwanese experts. The translated CDSE scale was tested with 156 community‐dwelling Taiwanese older adults, and any problems occurring during the administration of the scale were documented.Results and Conclusions:The validity and reliability of the Chinese version of CDSE scale were acceptable. However, the validity of items may have been impacted by differences in culture, language, and educational levels between English‐speaking and Chinese‐speaking populations. These findings suggest the need for further methodological study to evaluate and refine translation tools to resolve differences in culture, language, and educational levels between SL and TL.
Bounds for Right Tails of Deterministic and Stochastic Sums of Random Variables
Authors: Darkiewicz Grzegorz , Deelstra Griselda , Dhaene Jan , Hoedemakers Tom , Vanmaele Michèle 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe investigate lower and upper bounds for right tails (stop‐loss premiums) of deterministic and stochastic sums of nonindependent random variables. The bounds are derived using the concepts of comonotonicity, convex order, and conditioning. The performance of the presented approximations is investigated numerically for individual life annuity contracts as well as for life annuity portfolios, where mortality is modeled by Makeham's law, whereas investment returns are modeled by a Brownian motion process.
Periodontal disease progression in subjects with orofacial clefts over a 25‐year follow‐up period
Authors: Huynh‐Ba Guy , Brägger Urs , Zwahlen Marcel , Lang Niklaus P. , Salvi Giovanni E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAims:To assess rates of periodontal disease progression in subjects with cleft lip, alveolus and palate (CLAP) over a 25‐year period without regular maintenance care in a specialist setting and to compare those with those of subjects without alveolar clefts, i.e. cleft lip (CL) or cleft palate (CP).Material and Methods:Ten subjects with CLAP and 10 subjects with CL/CP were examined in 1979, 1987, 1993 and 2004. Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque control record (PCR) scores were recorded in all 20 subjects.Results:High plaque and BoP scores were recorded at all examinations in both groups. Over 25 years, a statistically significant loss of mean full‐mouth CAL of 1.52 ± 0.12 mm (SD) and 1.66 ± 0.15 mm occurred in the CLAP and CL/CP group respectively (p<0.05). A statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in mean full‐mouth PPD of 0.35 ± 0.12 mm was observed in the CL/CP group, whereas only a trend for a mean full‐mouth increase in PPD of 0.09 ± 0.11 mm was observed in the CLAP group. In subjects with CLAP, a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in PPD of 0.92 ± 1.13 mm at cleft sites was observed compared with that of 0.17 ± 0.76 mm at control sites. With respect to CAL, the loss at the corresponding sites amounted to 2.71 ± 1.46 and to 2.27 ± 1.62 mm, respectively (p=0.36).Conclusions:When stringent and well‐defined supportive periodontal therapy was not provided, subjects with orofacial clefts were at high risk for periodontal disease progression. Over 25 years, alveolar cleft sites tended to have more periodontal tissue destruction compared with control sites.