bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronous clear cell renal cell carcinoma and tubulocystic carcinoma: genetic evidence of independent ontogenesis and implications of chromosomal imbalances in tumor progression
Authors: Quiroga-Garza Gabriela , Piña-Oviedo Sergio , Cuevas-Ocampo Karime , Goldfarb Richard , Schwartz Mary R , Ayala Alberto G , Monzon Federico A 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Seven percent of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cases are diagnosed as "unclassified" RCC by morphology. Genetic profiling of RCCs helps define renal tumor subtypes, especially in cases where morphologic diagnosis is inconclusive. This report describes a patient with synchronous clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and a tubulocystic renal carcinoma (TCRC) in the same kidney, and discusses the pathologic features and genetic profile of both tumors. A 67 year-old male underwent CT scans for an unrelated medical event. Two incidental renal lesions were found and ultimately removed by radical nephrectomy. The smaller lesion had multiple small cystic spaces lined by hobnail cells with high nuclear grade separated by fibrous stroma. This morphology and the expression of proximal (CD10, AMACR) and distal tubule cell (CK19) markers by immunohistochemistry supported the diagnosis of TCRC. The larger lesion was a typical ccRCC, with Fuhrman's nuclear grade 3 and confined to the kidney. Molecular characterization of both neoplasms using virtual karyotyping was performed to assess relatedness of these tumors. Low grade areas (Fuhrman grade 2) of the ccRCC showed loss of 3p and gains in chromosomes 5 and 7, whereas oncocytic areas displayed additional gain of 2p and loss of 10q; the high grade areas (Fuhrman grade 3) showed several additional imbalances. In contrast, the TCRC demonstrated a distinct profile with gains of chromosomes 8 and 17 and loss of 9. In conclusion, ccRCC and TCRC show distinct genomic copy number profiles and chromosomal imbalances in TCRC might be implicated in the pathogenesis of this tumor. Second, the presence of a ccRCC with varying degrees of differentiation exemplifies the sequence of chromosomal imbalances acquired during tumor progression.

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http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1790525735655283
A salt tracer test monitored with surface ERT to detect preferential flow and transport paths in fractured/karstified limestones
Authors: Robert Tanguy , Caterina David , Deceuster John , Kaufmann Olivier , Nguyen Frédéric 
Published: February 2012

In hard-rock aquifers, fractured zones constitute adequate drinking water exploitation areas but also potential contamination paths. One critical issue in hydrogeological research is to identify, characterize, and monitor such fractured zones at a representative scale. A tracer test monitored with surface electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) could help by delineating such preferential flow paths and estimating dynamic properties of the aquifer. However, multiple challenges exist including the lower resolution of surface ERT compared with crosshole ERT, the finite time that is needed to complete an entire data acquisition, and the strong dilution effects. We conducted a natural gradient salt tracer test in fractured limestones. To account for the high transport velocity, we injected the salt tracer continuously for four hours at a depth of 18 m. We monitored its propagation with two parallel ERT profiles perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction. Concerning the data acquisition, we always focused on data quality over temporal resolution. We performed the experiment twice to prove its reproducibility by increasing the salt concentration in the injected solution (from 38 to [Formula: see text]). Our research focused on how we faced every challenge to delineate a preferential flow and solute transport path in a typical calcareous valley of southern Belgium and on the estimation of the transport velocity (more than [Formula: see text]). In this complex environment, we imaged a clear tracer arrival in both ERT profiles and for both tests. Applying filters (with a cutoff on the relative sensitivity matrix and on the background-resistivity changes) was helpful to isolate the preferential flow path from artifacts. Regarding our findings, our approach could be improved to perform a more quantitative experiment. With a higher temporal resolution, the estimated value of the transport velocity could be narrowed, allowing estimation of the percentage of tracer recovery.
A Concise Synthesis of a Highly Strained Cyclobutane in Solanoeclepin A by Radical Cyclization
Authors: Komada Takema , Adachi Masaatsu , Nishikawa Toshio 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Tin- and samarium(II)-mediated 4-exo-trig radical cyclizations enable the synthesis of highly strained cyclobutane-containing tricyclic compounds related to the right-hand nucleus of solanoeclepin A, a hatching agent of potato cyst nematode.
A preliminary investigation of Beta-hCG expression in patients with osteosarcoma
Authors: Masrouha K. Z. , Khattab R. , Tawil A. , Abdallah A. , Saghieh S. , Haidar R. , Abboud M. , Khoury N. J. 
Published: February 2012

There are eight reported cases in the literature of osteosarcomas secreting β-hCG. Our primary aim was to investigate the rate of β-hCG expression in osteosarcoma and attempt to understand the characteristics of osteosarcomas that secrete β-hCG. We reviewed 37 histopathology slides (14 biopsies and 23 surgical specimens) from 32 patients with osteosarcoma. The slides were retrospectively stained for β-hCG expression. Patient and tumour characteristics, including age, gender, tumour location, subtype, proportion of necrosis, presence of metastases and recurrence were recorded. A total of five of the 32 tumours were found to be positive for β-hCG expression (one strongly and four weakly). This incidence of this expression was found in tumours with poor histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The use of β-hCG expression as a diagnostic, prognostic or follow-up marker is questionable and needs further investigation with a larger sample size.
The Pararectus approach for anterior intrapelvic management of acetabular fractures
Authors: Keel M. J. B. , Ecker T. M. , Cullmann J. L. , Bergmann M. , Bonel H. M. , Büchler L. , Siebenrock K. A. , Bastian J. D. 
Published: February 2012

A new anterior intrapelvic approach for the surgical management of displaced acetabular fractures involving predominantly the anterior column and the quadrilateral plate is described. In order to establish five ‘windows’ for instrumentation, the extraperitoneal space is entered along the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle. This is the so-called ‘Pararectus’ approach. The feasibility of safe dissection and optimal instrumentation of the pelvis was assessed in five cadavers (ten hemipelves) before implementation in a series of 20 patients with a mean age of 59 years (17 to 90), of whom 17 were male. The clinical evaluation was undertaken between December 2009 and December 2010. The quality of reduction was assessed with post-operative CT scans and the occurrence of intra-operative complications was noted. In cadavers, sufficient extraperitoneal access and safe instrumentation of the pelvis were accomplished. In the patients, there was a statistically significant improvement in the reduction of the fracture (pre- versus post-operative: mean step-off 3.3 mm (sd 2.6) vs 0.1 mm (sd 0.3), p < 0.001; and mean gap 11.5 mm (sd 6.5) vs 0.8 mm (sd 1.3), p < 0.001). Lesions to the peritoneum were noted in two patients and minor vascular damage was noted in a further two patients. Multi-directional screw placement and various plate configurations were feasible in cadavers without significant retraction of soft tissues.In the treatment of acetabular fractures predominantly involving the anterior column and the quadrilateral plate, the Pararectus approach allowed anatomical restoration with minimal morbidity related to the surgical access.
National in-hospital morbidity and mortality trends after lumbar fusion surgery between 1998 and 2008
Authors: Pumberger M. , Chiu Y-L. , Ma Y. , Girardi F. P. , Mazumdar M. , Memtsoudis S. G. 
Published: February 2012

Increasing numbers of posterior lumbar fusions are being performed. The purpose of this study was to identify trends in demographics, mortality and major complications in patients undergoing primary posterior lumbar fusion. We accessed data collected for the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for each year between 1998 and 2008 and analysed trends in the number of lumbar fusions, mean patient age, comorbidity burden, length of hospital stay, discharge status, major peri-operative complications and mortality. An estimated 1 288 496 primary posterior lumbar fusion operations were performed between 1998 and 2008 in the United States. The total number of procedures, mean patient age and comorbidity burden increased over time. Hospital length of stay decreased, although the in-hospital mortality (adjusted and unadjusted for changes in length of hospital stay) remained stable. However, a significant increase was observed in peri-operative septic, pulmonary and cardiac complications. Although in-hospital mortality rates did not change over time in the setting of increases in mean patient age and comorbidity burden, some major peri-operative complications increased. These trends highlight the need for appropriate peri-operative services to optimise outcomes in an increasingly morbid and older population of patients undergoing lumbar fusion.
Birmingham hip resurfacing at a mean of ten years
Authors: Coulter G. , Young D. A. , Dalziel R. E. , Shimmin A. J. 
Published: February 2012

We report the findings of an independent review of 230 consecutive Birmingham hip resurfacings (BHRs) in 213 patients (230 hips) at a mean follow-up of 10.4 years (9.6 to 11.7). A total of 11 hips underwent revision; six patients (six hips) died from unrelated causes; and 13 patients (16 hips) were lost to follow-up. The survival rate for the whole cohort was 94.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 90.1 to 96.9). The survival rate in women was 89.1% (95% CI 79.2 to 94.4) and in men was 97.5% (95% CI 92.4 to 99.2). Women were 1.4 times more likely to suffer failure than men. For each millimetre increase in component size there was a 19% lower chance of a failure. The mean Oxford hip score was 45.0 (median 47.0, 28 to 48); mean University of California, Los Angeles activity score was 7.4 (median 8.0, 3 to 9); mean patient satisfaction score was 1.4 (median 1.0, 0 to 9). A total of eight hips had lysis in the femoral neck and two hips had acetabular lysis. One hip had progressive radiological changes around the peg of the femoral component. There was no evidence of progressive neck narrowing between five and ten years.Our results confirm that BHR provides good functional outcome and durability for men, at a mean follow-up of ten years. We are now reluctant to undertake hip resurfacing in women with this implant.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(p-phenylene ethynylene)s with nitroxyl radical endgroups
Authors: Schroeter Michael , Behl M. , Weder C. , Lendlein A. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe generation of terminal N-Hydroxyl substituents in p-phenylene ethynylene based compounds is presented. P-phenylene ethynylene derivatives were synthesized in a Sonogashira coupling reaction. N-Hydroxyl groups could be introduced by lithiation of iodine moieties and subsequent reaction with the 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane generated by the cleavage of its dimer. The synthesis by lithiation was found to be more effective compared to the reaction with the Grignard reagent and the chloro-derivative. The resulting compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, UV and PL spectroscopy and were shown to be sensitive towards oxidation. This new approach of introducing additional charge carriers by nitroxyl endgroups might enable conjugated polymers with enhanced conductivity.
Cholesterol Biosensor Based on Nanodiamond-Polypyrrole Conducting Nanocomposite Membrane
Authors: Villalba Pedro , Basnayaka Punya , Ladanov Mikhail , Liriano Beverly , Ram Manoj , Mohapatra Subhra , Kumar Ashok 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn this work we present the synthesis, characterization and application of the nanodiamond- polypyrrole nanocomposite films as electrochemical active electrode for sensing cholesterol. Cholesterol oxidase and esterase have been covalently attached to the surface of the films. Results showed that the inclusion of nanodiamond to the polymeric matrix increment the surface area and provide carboxylic groups capable to perform reaction with the amide groups present in the enzymes. Further, the sensitivity of the electrode to the cholesterol content have been examined.
Optimizing Morphology and Structure with Multi-Signal FIB/SEM Tomography
Authors: Giannuzzi Lucille A. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTFocused ion beam (FIB) milling coupled with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the same platform enables 3D microstructural analysis of structures using FIB for serial sectioning and SEM for imaging. Since FIB milling is a destructive technique, the acquisition of multiple signals from each slice is desirable. The feasibility of collecting both an inlens backscattered electron (BSE) signal and an inlens secondary electron (SE) simultaneously from a single scan of the electron beam from each FIB slice is demonstrated. The simultaneous acquisition of two different SE signals from two different detectors (inlens vs. Everhart-Thornley (ET) detector) is also possible. Obtaining multiple signals from each FIB slice with one scan increases the acquisition throughput. In addition, optimization of microstructural and morphological information from the target is achieved using multi-signals. Examples of multi-signal FIB/SEM tomography from a dental implant will be provided where both material contrast from the bone/ceramic coating/Ti substrate phases and porosity in the ceramic coating will be characterized.
Reducing Maternal Mortality in Uganda: Applying the “Three Delays” Framework
Authors: Ellis Cathryn , Schummers Laura , Rostoker Jean-Francois 
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE: This article examines maternal mortality in Uganda through the “Three Delays” framework. This framework asserts that maternal mortality in developing countries results from three delays to accessing appropriate health care: (a) the delay in making a timely decision to seek medical assistance, (b) the delay in reaching a health facility, and (c) the delay in provision of adequate care at a health facility.STUDY DESIGN: This study provides a review and synthesis of literature published about maternal mortality, the “Three Delays” concept, Uganda, and sub-Saharan Africa between 1995 and 2010.MAJOR FINDINGS: The “Three Delays” framework has relevance in the Ugandan context. This framework allows for an integrated and critical analysis of the interactions between cultural factors that contribute to the first delay and inadequate emergency obstetrical care related to the third delay.MAJOR CONCLUSION: In order to reduce maternal mortality in Uganda, governments and institutions must become responsive to the cultural and health needs of women and their families. Initiatives that increase educational and financial status of women, antenatal care, and rates of institutional care may reduce maternal mortality in the long term. Improvements to emergency obstetrical services are likely to have the most significant impact in the short term.
Effect of nitrous oxide on the minimum alveolar concentration for sevoflurane and the minimum alveolar concentration derivatives that prevent motor movement and autonomic responses in dogs
Authors: Seddighi Reza , Egger Christine M. , Rohrbach Barton W. , Hobbs Meredith , Doherty Thomas J. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the effects of the concurrent administration of 70% N2O on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for sevoflurane in dogs, the MAC derivative that blocks motor movement (MACNM), and the MAC derivative that blocks autonomic responses (MACBAR).
Animals—7 adult sexually intact male mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—For each dog, anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane delivered via a face mask. Initially, the baseline MAC, MACNM, and MACBAR for sevoflurane were determined by use of a noxious stimulus (50 V, 50 Hz, and 10 milliseconds) applied subcutaneously over a midulnar region. Nitrous oxide (70%) was added to the breathing circuit, and MAC, MACNM, and MACBAR were determined again. Percentage changes from the respective baseline concentrations for MAC, MACNM’ and MACBAR were calculated after the administration of N2O.
Results—Baseline median values for the MAC, MACNM, and MACBAR for sevoflurane were 1.75%, 2.00%, and 2.50%, respectively. Addition of 70% N2O significantly decreased MAC, MACNM, and MACBAR by 24.4%, 25.0%, and 35.2%, respectively, and these values did not differ significantly from each other.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Supplementation with 70% N2O caused a clinically important and significant decrease in the MAC, MACNM’ and MACBAR for sevoflurane in dogs.
Effect of Simvastatin on Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1–Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation and Collagen Production in Nasal Polyp-Derived Fibroblasts
Authors: Park Il-Ho , Park Se-Jin , Cho Jung-Sun , Moon You-Mi , Moon Jun-Hyeok , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Sang Hag , Lee Heung-Man 
Published: February 2012

Background Statins are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Statins exert not only lipid-lowering but also other cellular effects, including antifibrotic properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of simvastatin on transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-1–induced myofibroblast differentiation and collagen production in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) and to verify the mechanism of the effect of simvastatin in TGF-beta-1–induced myofibroblast differentiation in NPDFs. Methods NPDFs were pretreated with simvastatin with or without mevalonate or Y-27643 for 2 hours before induction by TGF-beta-1. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and collagen type IV mRNA was determined by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of alpha-SMA protein was determined by immunofluorescent cytochemical staining. Total soluble collagen production was analyzed by the SirCol collagen dye-binding assay (Biocolor, Belfast, U.K.). Phosphorylation of Smad 2/3 was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results In TGF-beta-1–induced NPDFs, simvastatin significantly inhibited the expressions of α-SMA and collagen type IV mRNA and reduced alpha-SMA and collagen protein levels. Pretreatment with mevalonate reversed the effect of simvastatin. The expression of alpha-SMA mRNA and protein was significantly decreased by pretreatment with Y-27632. The TGF-beta-1–induced expression of pSmad 2/3 protein was notably decreased by pretreatment with simvastatin. Conclusion We showed that simvastatin inhibits TGF-beta-1–induced myofibroblast differentiation (expression of alpha-SMA) and collagen production in NPDFs and Rho/Rock and TGF-β/Smad signaling is involved as an underlying mechanism. The results of our study suggest that simvastatin is a possible candidate for the suppression of nasal polyp formation.
Cytologic Alterations in Nasal Mucosa after Sphenopalatine Artery Ligation in Patients with Vasomotor Rhinitis
Authors: Cassano Michele , Russo Luigi , Del Giudice Alessandro Maselli , Gelardi Matteo 
Published: February 2012

Background Vasomotor rhinitis (VR) seems to be related to an imbalance between cholinergic and adrenergic activity in the autonomic nervous system. The nerve fibers of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems reach the nose through the posterior nasal nerve, which, after crossing the sphenopalatine foramen, distributes to the mucosa following the branches of the sphenopalatine vessels. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of sphenopalatine artery ligation on nasal function and nasal cytology in patients with VR. Methods Thirty patients with VR and bilateral inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) were randomly assigned to receive endoscopic inferior turbinoplasty either with or without sphenopalatine artery ligation. Pre- (baseline) and postsurgical (1-year follow-up) assessment included fiber endoscopy, active anterior rhinomanometry, measurement of mucociliary transport time (MTt), and nasal cytology examination. Results At 1-year follow-up there was a statistically significant improvement in nasal resistances in both groups but not on intergroup comparison; MTt significantly decreased in both groups (p < 0.01) and was significantly better (p < 0.05) in the group that had undergone sphenopalatine artery ligation. Among the patients in this group, significantly fewer were found to have altered ciliated cells (p < 0.005) or a hyperchromatic supranuclear stria (p < 0.005) on nasal cytology; the differences were statistically significant also on in intergroup comparison (p < 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion In patients with vasomotor rhinopathy and ITH, improvement in symptoms, nasal resistance, ciliated cell trophism, and MTt was observed after sphenopalatine artery ligation.
Subcutaneous and Sublingual Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis: What is the Evidence?
Authors: Wise Sarah K. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: February 2012

Background Increasing interest in sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) among practitioners and patients has resulted in numerous publications and clinical trials in recent years. With the clinical growth of SLIT, discussions of its efficacy, safety, and immunologic effects have intensified, as have comparisons to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). In the United States, SCIT has been the traditional form of immunotherapy for inhalant allergy and is the only immunotherapy method approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration at this time. The similarities and differences between SLIT and SCIT are often discussed, yet clinical studies directly comparing these immunotherapy methods are scarce. Methods A literature review of specific issues and controversies between SLIT and SCIT for allergic rhinitis was conducted. Results Safety, efficacy, and immunologic effects of these two immunotherapy techniques are reviewed. Conclusion Unanswered questions relating to SLIT are examined.