bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences of thermal stratification and chemical reaction on MHD free convective flow along an accelerated vertical plate with variable temperature and exponential mass diffusion in a porous medium
Authors: Sahu Digbash , Deka Rudra Kanta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study examines the impacts of thermal stratification and chemical reaction on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convective flow along an accelerated vertical plate with variable temperature and exponential mass diffusion, set within a porous medium. Analytical solutions, utilized, are obtained through the Laplace transform technique to accurately represent the flow's physical mechanism. The research employs advanced mathematical models to analyze the intricate interplay between MHD and convective processes under varying thermal and exponential mass diffusion conditions, offering insights into fluid dynamics that closely simulate real‐world conditions. The study draws a significant conclusion by contrasting the effects of thermal stratification with a nonstratified environment. It has been noted that when stratification is applied to the flow, the steady state is achieved more quickly. The study reveals that thermal stratification reduces fluid velocity and temperature but increases skin friction and the Nusselt number, diverging from nonstratified conditions. It also shows that parameters, like, , and significantly influence velocity, temperature, and concentration in fluid dynamics. This research could be driven by a need to enhance the understanding of fluid flow in various engineering and environmental contexts, where such conditions are prevalent, including geothermal energy extraction, thermal management, chemical processing industries, and environmental control technologies. This novel approach enhances understanding of flow processes in both natural and engineered porous environments.
Detecting soil hydrological connectivity in a badland area by fast field cycling nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry
Authors: Conte Pellegrino , Guida Gaetano , Librici Calogero , Nicosia Alessio , Palmeri Vincenzo , Ferro Vito 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ‘hydrological connectivity inside the soil’ refers to both the spatial pattern inside the soil (structural component) and the physical–chemical process at a molecular level (functional component). Fast field cycling (FFC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry allows for measuring structural and functional connectivity by two suitable indexes named structural connectivity index (SCI) and functional connectivity index (FCI). In this study, FFC NMR relaxometry was applied to soils sampled in a very degraded environment (i.e., a badland area) to detect the capability of the measurement technique to distinguish the hydrological connectivity of these samples having different conditions (layer explored by roots, sparsely‐vegetated and bare soil). The relaxograms measured by the FFC NMR, using Proton Larmor frequencies in the range 0.01–10 MHz, were integrated and the resulting S‐shaped curves were analysed to obtain the connectivity indexes. Results showed that the ‘Sparsely vegetated’ sample is characterized by more small‐sized pores than the ‘Rooted’ one. The comparison between the ‘Sparsely vegetated’ and ‘Bare’ conditions pointed out that the presence of vegetation reduces the measured relaxation times and, as a consequence, the corresponding pore sizes and modifies the structural connectivity. The analysis also revealed that the three samples are characterized by similar values of SCI, which are independent of the proton Larmor frequency, while the FCI values of the ‘Bare’ soil are the lowest. Conversely, samples from soil with vegetation (‘Rooted’ and ‘Sparsely vegetated’) present comparable functional connectivity. Finally, the analysis of the frequency distribution of the ratio of each connectivity index and its mean value (SCI/m(SCI) and FCI/m(FCI)) allowed to establish its normal distribution. For the investigated samples, this result established that FCI and SCI can be represented by their mean value.
Calcium phosphate graphene and Ti3C2Tx MXene scaffolds with osteogenic and antibacterial properties
Authors: Orlando Jason D. , Li Li , Limbu Tej B. , Deng Chenyun , Wolf Michelle E. , Vickery Walker M. , Yan Fei , Sydlik Stefanie A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBioactive degradable scaffolds that facilitate bone healing while fighting off initial bacterial infection have the potential to change established strategies of dealing with traumatic bone injuries. To achieve this a composite material made from calcium phosphate graphene (CaPG), and MXene was synthesized. CaPG was created by functionalizing graphene oxide with phosphate groups in the presence of CaBr with a Lewis acid catalyst. Through this transformation, Ca2+ and PO43− inducerons are released as the material degrades thereby aiding in the process of osteogenesis. The 2D MXene sheets, which have shown to have antibacterial properties, were made by etching the Al from a layered Ti3AlC2 (MAX phase) using HF. The hot‐pressed scaffolds made of these materials were designed to combat the possibility of infection during initial surgery and failure of osteogenesis to occur. These two failure modes account for a large percentage of issues that can arise during the treatment of traumatic bone injuries. These scaffolds were able to retain induceron‐eluting properties in various weight percentages and bring about osteogenesis with CaPG alone and 2 wt% MXene scaffolds demonstrating increased osteogenic activity as compared to no treatment. Additionally, added MXene provided antibacterial properties that could be seen at as little as 2 wt%. This CaPG and MXene composite provides a possible avenue for developing osteogenic, antibacterial materials for treating bone injuries.
Is the addition of running retraining to best standard care beneficial in runners with medial tibial stress syndrome? Protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Anderson Laura M. , Bonanno Daniel R. , Calnin Benjamin J. , Sritharan Prasanna , Willy Richard W. , Erbas Bircan , Batra Mehak , Menz Hylton B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundRunning retraining is commonly used in the management of medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The primary aim of this study is to determine if the addition of running retraining to best standard care is beneficial in the management of runners with MTSS.MethodsThis study is an assessor‐blinded and participant‐blinded, parallel‐group, randomised controlled trial. The trial will recruit 64 participants aged between 18 and 45 years, with a clinical diagnosis of MTSS that has affected their running participation for at least four weeks. Participants will be randomised to receive best standard care (control) or running retraining and best standard care (intervention group) over an 8‐week period. Best standard care will consist of load management advice, symptom management advice, footwear advice and a strengthening program. Running retraining will consist of a cue to reduce running step length. Outcomes will be measured at weeks 1, 2, 4 and 8. The primary outcome measure will be the University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index at week 4. Secondary outcome measures include: (i) Exercise Induced Leg Pain Questionnaire—British Version, (ii) global rating of change scale, (iii) worst pain experienced during a run, (iv) weekly run volume, (v) reactive strength index score, (vi) single leg hop test, (vii) soleus single leg maximum voluntary isometric contraction, (viii) gastrocnemius single leg maximum voluntary isometric contraction, (ix) single leg plantar flexor endurance test, (x) running step length, and (xi) running step rate. Data will be analysed using the intention‐to‐treat principle.DiscussionThis randomised controlled trial will evaluate if reducing running step length provides additional benefit to best standard care in the management of runners with MTSS over an 8‐week period.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12624000230550.
Identifying potential LGBTQIA+ competencies for genetic counseling student training
Authors: Saunders Grace , Carmany Erin , Trepanier Angela 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe LGBTQIA+ community faces considerable health disparities. Developing and integrating LGBTQIA+ competencies into healthcare provider training programs is one way to promote inclusive high‐quality care to potentially improve this community's health. Currently, there are no established LGBTQIA+‐specific competencies for genetic counseling graduate programs (GCPs), so training across GCPs likely varies. This qualitative focus group‐based study aimed to explore current topics related to genetic counseling (GC) for LGBTQIA+ patients covered in North American GCPs, their learning objectives, and LGBTQIA+‐specific competencies that GC students (GCSs) should achieve by graduation. Eligible participants were program leaders at ACGC‐accredited GCPs and/or faculty who taught LGBTQIA+‐related content in at least one GCP over the last 5 years. A semistructured interview guide was used to conduct virtual focus groups that were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and an inductive iterative approach that generated themes regarding what content is taught and what knowledge, attitudes, and skills GCSs should demonstrate as a result. Thirteen people participated, including nine LGBTQIA+ people. They represented 12 GCPs (22% of current GCPs) across the United States and Canada. Focus groups ran 73–90 min. Transcript analysis identified six themes, framed as learning objectives (LOs), and 24 subobjectives. These included recognizing the breadth of the LGBTQIA+ community and their lived experience with the healthcare system, demonstrating respect for and responding to patient identities to provide inclusive GC, employing strategies to mitigate social aspects that influence health care, and assessing personal biases and the impact of socialization. Participants used several teaching methods including didactic lectures, simulation, written activities, reflections, and fieldwork experiences. The six identified LOs may be a starting point for GCPs looking to develop or refine their LGBTQIA+ curricula. Competency‐based education may enhance GCSs' abilities to provide inclusive GC to the LGBTQIA+ community.
Mitochondrial membrane synthesis, remodelling and cellular trafficking
Authors: Messina Martina , Vaz Frédéric M. , Rahman Shamima 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMitochondria are dynamic cellular organelles with complex roles in metabolism and signalling. Primary mitochondrial disorders are a group of approximately 400 monogenic disorders arising from pathogenic genetic variants impacting mitochondrial structure, ultrastructure and/or function. Amongst these disorders, defects of complex lipid biosynthesis, especially of the unique mitochondrial membrane lipid cardiolipin, and membrane biology are an emerging group characterised by clinical heterogeneity, but with recurrent features including cardiomyopathy, encephalopathy, neurodegeneration, neuropathy and 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria. This review discusses lipid synthesis in the mitochondrial membrane, the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organising system (MICOS), mitochondrial dynamics and trafficking, and the disorders associated with defects of each of these processes. We highlight overlapping functions of proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis and protein import into the mitochondria, pointing to an overarching coordination and synchronisation of mitochondrial functions. This review also focuses on membrane interactions between mitochondria and other organelles, namely the endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, lysosomes and lipid droplets. We signpost disorders of these membrane interactions that may explain the observation of secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in heterogeneous pathological processes. Disruption of these organellar interactions ultimately impairs cellular homeostasis and organismal health, highlighting the central role of mitochondria in human health and disease.
Malaria and other infections induce polyreactive antibodies that impact SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositivity estimations in endemic settings
Authors: Aguilar Ruth , Jiménez Alfons , Santano Rebeca , Vidal Marta , Maiga‐Ascofare Oumou , Strauss Ricardo , Bonney Joseph , Agbogbatey Melvin , Goovaerts Odin , Boham Eric E. A. , Adu Evan A. , Cuamba Inocencia , Ramírez‐Morros Anna , Dutta Sheetij , Angov Evelina , Zhan Bin , Izquierdo Luis , Santamaria Pere , Mayor Alfredo , Gascón Joaquim , Ruiz‐Comellas Anna , Molinos‐Albert Luis M. , Amuasi John H. , Awuah Anthony A.‐A. , Adriaensen Wim , Dobaño Carlota , Moncunill Gemma 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) seroprevalence is used to estimate the proportion of individuals within a population previously infected, to track viral transmission, and to monitor naturally and vaccine‐induced immune protection. However, in sub‐Saharan African settings, antibodies induced by higher exposure to pathogens may increase unspecific seroreactivity to SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens, resulting in false positive responses. To investigate the level and type of unspecific seroreactivitiy to SARS‐CoV‐2 in Africa, we measured immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM to a broad panel of antigens from different pathogens by Luminex in 602 plasma samples from African and European subjects differing in coronavirus disease 2019, malaria, and other exposures. Seroreactivity to SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens was higher in prepandemic African than in European samples and positively correlated with antibodies against human coronaviruses, helminths, protozoa, and especially Plasmodium falciparum. African subjects presented higher levels of autoantibodies, a surrogate of polyreactivity, which correlated with P. falciparum and SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies. Finally, we found an improved sensitivity in the IgG assay in African samples when using urea as a chaotropic agent. In conclusion, our data suggest that polyreactive antibodies induced mostly by malaria are important mediators of the unspecific anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 responses, and that the use of dissociating agents in immunoassays could be useful for more accurate estimates of SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence in African settings.
Risks of cutaneous immune‐related adverse events in long COVID: Multinational cohort studies in South Korea, Japan, and the UK
Authors: Kim Hyejun , Kyung Seoyeon , Park Jaeyu , Lee Hojae , Lee Myeongcheol , Smith Lee , Rahmati Masoud , Shin Ju‐Young , Kang Jiseung , Jacob Louis , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Rhee Sang Youl , Lee Jinseok , Kim Hyeon Jin , Lee Hayeon , Yon Dong Keon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrevious research has not investigated the persistent cutaneous immune‐related adverse events (cirAEs) related to long COVID to investigate the long‐term sequelae. This multinational study, using a propensity‐matched overlap weighting method, utilizes large national claims‐based cohorts, using ICD‐10 code diagnosis, focusing on patients aged ≥20 years from three countries: South Korean, Japanese, and the British cohorts. To estimate the risk of cirAEs in long COVID, the persistence or emergence of cirAEs occurring 4 weeks after the initial SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, we employed a Cox proportional hazard regression model. The Korean cohort (n = 5,937,373; mean age 49.2 years [SD: 13.2]), the Japanese cohort (n = 4,307,587; 42.5 years [13.6]), and the UK cohort (n = 395,435; 71.0 years [8.07]) were presented. An increased risk of cirAEs in long COVID was observed (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.06–1.14) in Korean cohort, while a similar association was observed in Japanese and UK cohorts. The long‐term risk of cirAEs in long COVID was higher in more severe COVID‐19 cases (1.31; 1.22–1.39). Unlike the increased risk of cirAEs in long COVID, COVID‐19 vaccination attenuated the risk, especially with two or more doses (1.03; 0.95–1.11) or heterologous regimens (0.98; 0.76–1.27). The time attenuation effect indicated a sustained risk for up to 6 months postinfection (<3 months: 1.13 [1.07–1.19]; 3‐6 months: 1.14 [1.06‐1.22]). SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is associated with an increased risk of cirAEs in the aspect of long COVID. Vaccination might reduce this risk, highlighting the need for preventive strategies in long COVID management.
Rapid detection of Ebolavirus using isothermal recombinase‐aided amplification
Authors: Ceruti Arianna , Faye Martin , Diagne Moussa M. , Kobialka Rea M. , Makiala‐Mandanda Sheila , Faye Ousmane , Faye Oumar , El Wahed Ahmed A. , Weidmann Manfred 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEbolavirus disease (EVD) is an often‐lethal disease caused by the genus Ebolavirus (EBOV). Although vaccines are being developed and recently used, outbreak control still relies on a combination of various factors, including rapid identification of EVD cases. This allows rapid patient isolation and control measure implementation. Ebolavirus diagnosis is performed in treatment centers or reference laboratories, which usually takes a few hours to days to confirm the outbreak or deliver a clear result. A fast and field‐deployable molecular detection method, such as the isothermal amplification recombinase‐aided amplification (RAA), could significantly reduce sample‐to‐result time. In this study, a RT‐RAA assay was evaluated for EBOV detection. Various primer and probe combinations were screened; analytical sensitivity and cross‐specificity were tested. A total of 40 archived samples from the 2014 to 2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa were tested with both the reference method real‐time RT‐PCR and the established RT‐RAA assay. The assay could detect down to 22.6 molecular copies per microliter. No other pathogens were detected with the Ebolavirus RT‐RAA assay. Testing 40 samples yield clinical sensitivity and specificity of 100% each. This rapid isothermal RT‐RAA assay can replace the previous RT‐RPA and continue to offer rapid EBOV diagnostics.
Spermidine mitigates salt stress in grapevine with alterations in physicochemical properties and nutrient composition
Authors: Shokri Ghaffar , Amiri Jafar , Barin Mohsen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPolyamines are plant growth regulators that exert a pivotal role in salt tolerance.AimsThis research focused on investigating the effect of spermidine on morphological and physicochemical characteristics and ion accumulation of two grapevine cultivars under NaCl stress.MethodsA greenhouse experiment was conducted with three factors, including two grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Bidaneh‐Sefid and cv. Siah‐Sardasht), four levels of NaCl (together with the nutrient solution, including 0 [control], 20, 40, and 80 mM), and four spermidine levels ([foliar spray], 0 [control], 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM). The experiment was performed in a factorial trial in accordance with a randomized complete design with three replicates.ResultsVegetative growth indices, including leaf number, fresh and dry weight of shoot, and root, were decreased by NaCl treatments. The application of spermidine positively reduced the effects of NaCl on morphological characteristics. Moreover, NaCl and/or spermidine significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved antioxidant enzyme activities associated with rising total protein accumulation. NaCl stress significantly decreased ion percentage (calcium, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, iron, and zinc) in the leaves of both cultivars. Based on the results, increasing salinity levels significantly boosted plant Na+ and Cl− percentage, along with increased membrane permeability and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Interestingly, cv. Bidaneh‐Sefid leaves accumulated less Na+ and Cl− compared to the other cultivar. On the other hand, applying spermidine reduced the levels of Na+ and Cl− in both cultivars, and this reduction was associated with a decrease in membrane permeability and MDA concentration.ConclusionsThe findings confirmed the role of spermidine in reducing the negative effects of NaCl, although more investigations with different grapevine cultivars under NaCl stress are required.
Pediatric eosinophilic gastritis treated with benralizumab: A case report
Authors: Cheung Donna , Ebach Dawn , Davis Benjamin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe report one of the first cases of eosinophilic gastritis (EoG) in a child under 12 years treated with benralizumab. At 7 years, our patient was started on benralizumab after failing to respond to various combinations of high‐dose omeprazole, milk elimination diet, oral viscous budesonide, and oral systemic steroids. He had a complete depletion of gastrointestinal tissue eosinophils with improved symptoms but had symptomatic flares with tapering of background therapy. However, after 4 years on benralizumab he became symptomatic again. Benralizumab may be a viable option for EoG refractory to systemic steroids but only as a short‐term adjunct therapy. More robust studies with long‐term data are needed, especially in this younger population.
Impact of gender, race, and age of onset on the phenotype and comorbidities of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: McKeown Kyle , Pritchett Justin , Carlisle Annette , Zhang Jie , Lieberman Jay , Xi Dong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate differences in symptoms, allergy comorbidities, and eosinophilic inflammation at the time of diagnosis for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) based on gender, race, and age of onset.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at a multidisciplinary EoE clinic; the correlation between histological findings, previously identified symptoms, associated comorbidities, and demographics including gender, race, as well as age of onset was examined. Chi‐squared and Student's T‐tests were utilized for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 91 patients were enrolled in this study, with 70% being male and 67% identifying as White. Among the patients, 45% had an early onset of EoE (defined as ≤6 years old). We revealed that White patients and females were significantly more likely to report dysphagia, while non‐White patients experienced significantly more vomiting symptoms and had a higher prevalence of asthma as a comorbidity. Early‐onset patients exhibited a significantly higher rate of vomiting and had elevated eosinophilic counts compared to patients with EoE onset at a regular age. We also revealed that abdominal pain is associated with a lower average proximal eosinophilic counts.ConclusionsOur study revealed the significant impact of gender, race, and age of onset on the phenotype and comorbidities of EoE, suggesting these factors should be considered when caring for these patients.
Co‐occurrence of collagenous gastrointestinal disease in siblings in early childhood: New insight into a rare condition
Authors: Luitingh Taryn L. , Ng Jessica , McGrath Kathleen H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCollagenous gastrointestinal (GI) disease is a rare inflammatory condition characterized by subepithelial collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltrates of the GI mucosa, which typically occurs in the stomach in children. There are few published reports of more extensive involvement in children, and descriptions of familial involvement are rare, with no previous reported cases of affected siblings in early childhood. We describe two siblings with contrasting medical backgrounds, who were simultaneously diagnosed with collagenous GI disease in early childhood. Both children demonstrated gastric and colonic involvement on serial endoscopies, however, had distinct patterns of clinical presentation, disease course, and histological progression, providing new insights into the pediatric phenotype of collagenous GI disease and further, its relationship to microscopic colitis. Although rare, this condition should be considered as a differential in children presenting with severe or refractory iron deficiency anemia, chronic non‐bloody watery diarrhea, or unexplained nonspecific chronic abdominal pain.