bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of centralization ability and canal transportation of root canals prepared with three commercially available pediatric rotary files
Authors: Reddy K. Harshita , Mukthineni Sridhar , Sankar A J Sai , Samatha Y. , Pranitha K. , Sankar K. Siva 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The complex root canal anatomy of primary root canals is considered to be most challenging. The quality of the root canal preparation plays a significant role in the success of endodontic treatment. Now, there are very few root canal instruments that are capable of cleaning the canal three dimensionally. To evaluate the efficacy of root canal instruments, various technologies have been used; one of the most reliable strategies was cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Aim:
The aim of this study is to compare the centralization ability and canal transportation of three commercially available pediatric rotary file systems using CBCT analysis.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-three extracted human primary teeth with a minimum 7 mm root length were randomly divided into three groups (group I – Kedo-SG Blue, group II – Kedo-S Square, and group III – Pro AF Baby Gold). Biomechanical preparation was done according to the manufacturers instructions. Pre- and postinstrumentation CBCT images were taken for each group to evaluate the remaining dentin thickness thereby assessing the centering ability and the canal transportation ability of different file systems.

Results:
Significant difference was noticed in canal transportation and centering ability between the three tested groups. Mesiodistal canal transportation was significant at all three levels, whereas buccolingual canal transportation was significant only at the apical third of the root. However, Kedo-SG Blue and Pro AF Baby Gold showed lesser canal transportation compared to Kedo-S Square rotary file system. Mesiodistal centering ability was significant at cervical and apical thirds of the root with Kedo-S Square rotary file system maintaining less canal centricity.

Conclusions:
All three file systems tested in the study were effective in removing the radicular dentin. However, Kedo-SG Blue and Pro AF Baby Gold rotary file systems showed comparatively less canal transportation and more centering ability than Kedo-S Square rotary file system.
Assessment of children’s emotions before, during, and after the dental treatment procedure
Authors: Padmanabh Shital Kiran Davangere , Ahire Snehal , Mulchandani Vinay , Upendrabhai Mira Jani , Trivedi Malay , Joshi Aum Bharat 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Emojis are used to communicate emotional content as conversational indicators. Emojis of human faces are unrivaled in communication since they can discern between several basic emotions with great precision while also being universal.

Aim:
Assessment of children’s emotions before, during, and after the dental treatment procedure: An emoji-based study.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 85 children, ranging in age from 6 to 12 years, were separated into four groups. Group 1 required local anesthetic for restoration, while Group 2 required extraction. Pulp treatment was in Group 3 and oral prophylaxis was in Group 4. All groups used an animated emoji scale (AES) to quantify anxiety before, during, and after the dental treatment procedure.

Results:
There was a statistically significant difference when the mean scores of the four treatment groups were compared before, during, and after the procedure. When Group 2 was compared to Groups 1, 3, and 4 there was a statistically significant difference in the anxiety of the research participant before, during, and after the procedures (P = 0.01). Groups 2, 3, and 4 were statistically significant after the treatment procedure (P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
The findings of this study suggest that the AES can be a useful tool in tracking a patient’s emotions during the dental treatment procedure to initiate appropriate behavior management.
Comparative evaluation of changes in salivary flow rate, pH, and Streptococcus mutans levels in children undergoing fixed and removable space maintainer therapy
Authors: Bahurupi Mayuri Prabhakar , Gupte Tejashri Shreyas , Grace Bridget , Sawant Ameya Shridhar , Sonawane Nilam Subhash 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Placement of intraoral appliances such as space maintainers (SMs) may be associated with the alteration of microbial and nonmicrobial parameters of saliva which may lead to the initiation of incipient caries.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the changes in salivary flow rate, pH, and Streptococcus
mutans levels in children undergoing fixed and removable SM therapy.

Materials and Methods:
The study participants comprised 40 children aged 4–10 years divided into two groups of 20 each. Children undergoing fixed (Group I = 20) and removable SM therapy (Group II = 20). Salivary flow rate, pH, and S. mutans levels were recorded just before and 3 months after the placement of SMs. Data were compared for both groups.

Statistical Analysis:
It was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. The level of significance was kept at 5%.

Results:
A significant increase in salivary flow rate (<0.05) and S. mutans level (<0.05) was evident, however, no significant difference in pH was found in both the groups from baseline to 3 months after appliance placement. Group I showed a significant increase (<0.05) in S. mutans level as compared to Group II.

Conclusion:
SM therapy allied both favorable and unfavorable changes in salivary parameters, thus emphasizing the importance of parent and patient education about maintaining proper oral hygiene during SM therapy.
Metallic insignia in primary teeth
Authors: Kaur Kanwalpreet , Suneja Bharat , Jodhka Sunaina , Kaur Jasvir , Singh Amanpreet , Singh Saini Ravinder 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Lead accumulations have been found in teeth and related to behavior deficits in children, but there is a dearth of studies in exploring the role of zinc and manganese dysregulations in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using the primary tooth as biomarker.

Aims:
The objectives of the study were to evaluate and compare the concentrations of zinc and manganese in the primary teeth serving as biomarker, in typically developing children and children with ASD.

Settings and Design:
Twelve primary incisors indicated for extraction were collected from children between the age group 6 and 9 years, for the study. Six primary incisors were obtained from children who had been diagnosed with ASD (study group). The other six teeth were obtained from typically developing children, in the similar age group.

Methods:
The primary incisors obtained were analyzed for metal concentrations using the technique Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry.

Statistical Analysis:
This study was statistically analyzed by student's t-test.

Results:
It was observed that there are significant differences in metal concentrations found between tooth samples of ASD children and typically developing children. Zinc concentrations were double and manganese concentrations were three times, in teeth of ASD children group as compared to the children in the control group.

Conclusions:
Results of the current study indicate that there are considerable differences in concentrations of zinc and manganese between the two groups and support the contention that there might be an association between metal exposures of a pregnant mother and child during early years of childhood and incidence of ASD.
An assessment of the efficacy of clinical skills simulation using standardized patient in teaching behavior management and modification skills in Pediatric Dentistry to dental undergraduate students
Authors: Santhakumar Madhu , Vidhya R. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Clinical skills simulation (CSS) is an important tool in teaching and learning. The literature review showed a scarcity of research data regarding the use of CSS,in teaching, especially in dentistry. The use of CSS in dental teaching was found restricted to the use of low fidelity typhodonts fitted to phantom heads used in teaching cavity preparation and crown cutting.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of CSS using standardized patient in teaching behavior management and modification skills to dental undergraduate students.

Settings and Design:
This double-blinded, randomized controlled trial was undertaken among 3rd year dental undergraduate students, and the study was undertaken at the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty, 3rd year BDS students were randomly allotted to simulation and nonsimulation groups. Baseline data regarding their knowledge in the behavior management of child patients were assessed. Simulation group was further divided into group of six students and underwent CSS with standardized patient. Pretest and posttest knowledge regarding behavior management was assessed in the simulation group using questionnaires approved by an expert committee. The results were analyzed to see if there is any improvement in their knowledge after CSS. Students in simulation and nonsimulation groups were assessed for their behavior management skills during patient management, by an independent observer, using a checklist.

Statistical Analysis:
Mean, standard deviation (SD), and unpaired student t-test were done to assess the baseline knowledge of students who participated in the study. Mean, SD, and paired t-test were used to compare the pretest and posttest score of students who underwent simulation. Mean, SD, and unpaired t-test were used to compare the behavior management skills of both groups of students.

Results and Conclusions:
The knowledge of students in both groups before the study was comparable with no statistically significant differences. There was a statistically significant improvement in the knowledge of students who underwent CSS regarding behavior management of child patients. The unpaired Student's t-test showed a significant difference in the behavior management skill of dental undergraduate students when treating a child patient. The students who underwent CSS fared better compared to students who were taught behavior management methods by traditional methods only. Clinical skill simulation using standardized patient is an effective adjunct to be used along with traditional method of teaching while teaching behavior management and modification skills to dental undergraduate students.
A study of serum albumin as an indicator for complications in patients undergoing abdominal surgery
Authors: Wangkheimayum Raeghnya , Chanu Achom Bala , Christina Soubam , Singh Sanasam Roshan , Sanjenbam Tombisana , Singh Laishram Jaleshwar , Sarma B. Bobby , Sharma Manoharmayum Birkumar 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Albumin is the major protein of human plasma produced by the liver and is conversely, downregulated by inflammatory signals. It is widely used as a nutritional marker and shows immediate response to surgical stress and could therefore qualify to measure surgical stress and to predict a complicated postoperative course.

Aims and Objects:
To study the level of acute phase protein albumin as an indicator for adverse outcome/morbidity in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 121 patients undergoing abdominal surgery in the Department of General Surgery, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal from August 2019 to July 2021 were included in this study. Patients who are immunosuppressed, pregnant, and those <18 years and >65 years were excluded.

Results:
There was a significant difference in the reduction in albumin level from pre- to postoperative day 5 among the three groups (no complications, Clavien–Dindo Grade I and Clavien–Dindo Grade II and above). There was a significant difference between those with no complication group with either Grade I or Grade II and above groups.

Conclusion:
Lower preoperative albumin level usually results in higher complication rate, and longer hospital stay. Out of those having postoperative complications, majority (52.1%) had Grade I complications. The most common complication was surgical site infection which was successfully managed conservatively.
Evaluation of nonsurgical management of pneumoperitoneum in neonates
Authors: Singh Gurmeet , Pandey Anand , Gupta Survesh Kumar , Rai Rahul Kumar , Tyagi Nirpex , Rawat Jiledar 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Surgery has been the standard for managing the pneumoperitoneum (PP). There are sporadic reports of conservative management of PP in a certain group of patients. This study was conducted to analyze whether nonoperative management of PP is successful in neonates and infants or not.

Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, neonates with PP were admitted and evaluated. They were managed by per abdomen needle decompression. Clinical parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature were recorded. An assessment of abdominal girth at the umbilical level was made, both before and after the peritoneal tapping. Tapping was done a maximum of two times at 24 h intervals.

Results:
Eighteen patients were managed conservatively. Eight patients responded to single tapping, four patients to two, and the remaining six patients needed laparotomy. In a follow-up of 3 months, these patients did not reveal any complications or complaints.

Conclusion:
Needle decompression appears to be effective as a surgical treatment in a select group of neonates with PP. This may be a viable treatment option in patients of PP avoiding surgery.
Perception of marital rape among married women attending psychiatric outpatient department in RIMS, Imphal
Authors: Haobijam Asheema , Senjam Gojendra Singh , Carol Arambam , Singh Lourembam Roshan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The definition of rape in Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code includes all forms of sexual assault involving nonconsensual intercourse with a woman. However, Section 375 exempts unwilling sexual intercourse between a husband and a wife over 15 years of age from the definition of “rape” and thus immunizes such acts from prosecution. Marriage is thus considered a continuous, unwavering consent for sexual intercourse as per current laws in the country. This is quite removed from most other countries where marital rape is a recognized crime. India is among only 36 countries that still do not consider marital rape as sexual assault. Literature on marital rape suggests both physical and psychological negative impacts on women facing this predicament. However, marital rape remains one of the most neglected kinds of sexual violence against women, both in society and available literature around the world.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study undertaken in the Department of Psychiatry, rims, Imphal. The study period was for 1 year. Semi-structured pro forma will be used to record patient data. Perception of marital rape will be assessed using an examiner-administered semi-structured pro forma which was first validated using on initial 30 samples under the scrutiny of two experienced researchers in this field. Due consent will be taken and confidentiality assured. Patient data were evaluated using SPSS version 21; Chi-square test and t-test will be used to find correlations between different variables.

Results:
A total of 129 women participated in the study. The majority of the participants (79%) had an average perception of marital rape, 10% had a high perception of marital rape, whereas 11% had a low perception of marital rape. Only 19 (15%) reported having experienced marital rape themselves. Nearly 98% of the participants agreed that marital rape will have a negative psychological impact on the women who are victims of it. Among the sociodemographic variables, only religion had a meaningful correlation with the perception of marital rape among the participants, where Hindu women were found to have a higher perception compared to the rest.

Conclusions:
The study aimed to find the perception of marital rape among women attending the psychiatric outpatient department in a tertiary hospital in Imphal, Manipur. The study showed that the majority of the participants had fair knowledge about marital rape and its psychological impact on the women who might be victims of it. However, only a minority of the participants reported facing marital rape themselves.
Knowledge and practice of handoff among doctors in a tertiary care hospital in Manipur: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nandeibam Ranchandra , Babu A. Adheena , Singh Khangembam Sonarjit , Laishram Jalina , Akoijam Brogen Singh 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
The exchange of patient information and the transfer of responsibility for patient care between health-care providers constitute a vital aspect of health-care communication and maintain continuum of care and patient safety. There are limited data on knowledge and practice of handoff among resident doctors in Manipur.

Aims:
To assess the knowledge and practice of handoff among resident doctors of a tertiary care hospital, in Imphal, and to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and handoff practice.

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional study among 279 resident doctors of a tertiary care hospital in Manipur was conducted. The data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis:
The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to represent quantitative data. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used for categorical data. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The mean age of participants was 29.65 ± 3.97 years. More than two-thirds of the participants were inadequately practicing handoff in patient care. There were significant associations between the knowledge pertaining to questions, “When does handoff occur in patient care?” (P = 0.013), “What is the purpose of handoff?” (P = 0.024), and “What are the characteristics of good handoff?”(P = 0.019) with the practice of handoff.

Conclusion:
Although more than 4/5th of the doctors had good knowledge, only a quarter of them had adequate handoff practice.
Amelioration: An Innovative Approach to Behavior Management Based on Cognitive Process
Authors: Sathyaprasad Savitha , Dhanya K B , Anand P J Swathy , Amin Reshma , Thomas Pallavi Ammu , Alwafi Hanadi Abdullah 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The study aimed to determine the applicability of psychological traits identified by Piaget sixty years ago to children in the current generation and to utilize these traits clinically for behavior modification.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 participants aged 4–7, divided into four groups. Three tests were administered to evaluate the manifestation of preoperational features. Based on the most noticeable aspect of cognitive development, tailored behavior management strategies were applied to help improve cooperation among the children. The study utilized Frankl’s behavior rating scale both before and after the intervention, and statistical analysis was performed to assess the outcomes.

Results:
Contrary to Piaget’s findings, the study revealed that 94% of children displayed egocentrism and centration at the age of four, with these traits gradually decreasing from four to seven years old. Moreover, better patient cooperation was observed when cognitive-based behavior management techniques were employed clinically, and the improvement was statistically significant at P < 0.001.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that the Amelioration, a cognitive feature-based behavior modification technique, represented the most effective way to elicit cooperative responses from children. This technique can be considered a novel and pioneering behavior management strategy for enhancing patient cooperation.
Risk Stratification of Term Neonates for Development of Significant Hyperbilirubinemia by Cord Serum Bilirubin and Albumin Ratio
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Agrawal Karnika , Kumar Sunil , Chaturvedi Anupam 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common neonatal problem. Although benign in the majority of the cases, few neonates develop bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction further progressing to kernicterus. Due to early hospital discharge of healthy-term neonates, there is need of a reliable tool for early prediction of significant hyperbilirubinemia in them.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to determine the utility of cord total serum bilirubin/albumin ratio as an early predictor of significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in healthy-term newborns.

Settings and Design:
This is a tertiary care hospital-based prospective cohort study.

Subjects and Methods:
The study was conducted on 100 sequentially born healthy-term neonates. Cord bilirubin/albumin ratio was calculated and neonates were divided into two groups on the basis of 50th percentile value. Serum bilirubin was also measured at 72 h of life in all neonates and value ≥17 mg/dl was taken as significant requiring intervention.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Continuous variables were summarized as mean and standard deviation while nominal/categorical variables as percentage. Association between total serum bilirubin at 72 h of life and cord bilirubin/albumin ratio was assessed using two-sample independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient formula. Cutoff value of the ratio was derived using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.

Results:
Statistically significant association was observed between cord bilirubin/albumin ratio with the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. On ROC analysis, cutoff point to predict significant hyperbilirubinemia was found to be >0.66 (92.9% sensitivity, 60.5% specificity, and PPV 79.61%).

Conclusions:
Cord total serum bilirubin/albumin ratio is a good parameter to predict significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in healthy-term neonates.