bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative Campaigning in No-Cabinet Alternation Systems: Ideological Closeness and Blames of Corruption in Italy and Japan Using Party Manifesto Data
Authors: CURINI LUIGI 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWithin a one-dimensional spatial framework, we deduce that parties’ incentives ‘to go negative’, by blaming alleged insufficiencies of the rival concerning commonly shared values, increase with their ideological proximity. We test our hypothesis by considering the long period of no-cabinet alternation that characterized both Italy and Japan. In particular, we focus on the (spatial) incentives of the Italian Communist Party and of the Japanese Socialist Party to emphasize on a particular topic related to negative campaigning, i.e. political corruption issues. The status of the perennial opposition held by both parties, together with the existence of several political corruption scandals during the period considered, makes the Italian and the Japanese political systems particularly apt to test our hypothesis. The results, based on data derived from electoral programs, support our theoretical insights.
Comparing the Economic Impact of an Export Shock in Two Modeling Frameworks
Authors: Cassey Andrew J. , Holland David W. , Razack Abdul 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBecause of more restrictive assumptions on regional input‐output (IO) models compared to computable general equilibrium (CGE) models, IO results are thought to be consistent with long‐run equilibrium but otherwise overestimated. We compare IO and CGE models' response to a shock to Washington crop exports under various labor market and capital closures. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we find that the positive secondary impacts are larger in the CGE models than in the IO model. Also contrary to conventional wisdom, we find that the closest match between direct effects is when the CGE model has short run, rather than long run restrictions.
Calendula officinalis: A New Natural Host of Pseudomonas viridiflava in Italy
Authors: Moretti C. , Fakhr R. , Buonaurio R. 
Published: November 2011

In November 2010, small necrotic spots surrounded by chlorotic halos, which sometimes enlarged and coalesced to form large dead areas, were observed on leaves of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) plants grown in the Medieval Garden at the Agricultural Faculty of Perugia (central Italy). Cream-colored bacterial colonies were consistently isolated on nutrient agar (NA) from the diseased leaf tissues. Four representative selected strains, which were gram negative, fluorescent on King's medium B, and had oxidative but not fermentative metabolism, were subjected to a pathogenicity test by inoculating 1-month-old marigold plants. To prepare the inoculum, the bacterial strains were grown on NA at 27°C for 24 h, suspended in sterile deionized water, and adjusted to 1 × 106 CFU/ml. Sterile water was used for control plants. Marigold leaves were infiltrated with a glass atomizer at high pressure, and plants were kept in a growth chamber at 22 to 24°C, 70 μE·m–2·s–1 illumination and 12-h light period, and 80% relative humidity. Small, water-soaked necrotic spots were observed 10 days after inoculation, and the bacterium with the same cultural features of the original strains was reisolated from inoculated plants. For bacterial identification, the four original strains and two reisolates were subjected to LOPAT tests. They were levan negative, oxidase negative, potato rot positive, arginine dihydrolase negative, and tobacco hypersensitive response positive. These results were similar to those obtained with the type strain LMG 2352T of Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder) Dowson. When 16S rDNA was amplified with the universal primers, P0 (6-27f Escherichia coli) and P6 (1515-1495r E. coli), and digested with the endonucleases, SacI and HinfI as previously reported (2), an identical restriction profile was obtained for marigold strains and reisolates and P. viridiflava strains, LMG 2352T, LMG 2353, LMG 5397, and NCPPB 1382. A completely different profile was obtained for P. syringae pv. syringae LMG 1247T. The 16S rDNA (1,364 bp) and the gyrB (570 bp) sequences of two selected marigold strains (GenBank Accession Nos. JN406504 and JN406505; JN406506 and JN406507), amplified by using universal and previously reported PCR primers (3), respectively, shared 100% sequence identity with P. viridiflava (GenBank Accession Nos. HM190229 and AY606763) for 16S rDNA and gyrB gene, respectively. On the basis of biochemical, physiological, molecular, and pathogenicity tests, it was concluded that the bacteria isolated from marigold leaves are P. viridiflava. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. officinalis as a natural host of P. viridiflava. The plant was previously reported as a host of the bacterium by artificial inoculation (1). References: (1) J. F. Bradbury. Guide to Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. CAB International, Egham, UK, 1986. (2) A. J. González et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:2936, 2003. (3) E. M. Goss et al. Genetics 169:21, 2005.
The Pea TCP Transcription Factor PsBRC1 Acts Downstream of Strigolactones to Control Shoot Branching
Authors: Braun Nils , de Saint Germain Alexandre , Pillot Jean-Paul , Boutet-Mercey Stéphanie , Dalmais Marion , Antoniadi Ioanna , Li Xin , Maia-Grondard Alessandra , Le Signor Christine , Bouteiller Nathalie , Luo Da , Bendahmane Abdelhafid , Turnbull Colin , Rameau Catherine 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe function of PsBRC1, the pea (Pisum sativum) homolog of the maize (Zea mays) TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 and the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BRANCHED1 (AtBRC1) genes, was investigated. The pea Psbrc1 mutant displays an increased shoot-branching phenotype, is able to synthesize strigolactone (SL), and does not respond to SL application. The level of pleiotropy of the SL-deficient ramosus1 (rms1) mutant is higher than in the Psbrc1 mutant, rms1 exhibiting a relatively dwarf phenotype and more extensive branching at upper nodes. The PsBRC1 gene is mostly expressed in the axillary bud and is transcriptionally up-regulated by direct application of the synthetic SL GR24 and down-regulated by the cytokinin (CK) 6-benzylaminopurine. The results suggest that PsBRC1 may have a role in integrating SL and CK signals and that SLs act directly within the bud to regulate its outgrowth. However, the Psbrc1 mutant responds to 6-benzylaminopurine application and decapitation by increasing axillary bud length, implicating a PsBRC1-independent component of the CK response in sustained bud growth. In contrast to other SL-related mutants, the Psbrc1 mutation does not cause a decrease in the CK zeatin riboside in the xylem sap or a strong increase in RMS1 transcript levels, suggesting that the RMS2-dependent feedback is not activated in this mutant. Surprisingly, the double rms1 Psbrc1 mutant displays a strong increase in numbers of branches at cotyledonary nodes, whereas branching at upper nodes is not significantly higher than the branching in rms1. This phenotype indicates a localized regulation of branching at these nodes specific to pea.
Use of other opioids during methadone therapy: a population‐based study
Authors: Kurdyak Paul , Gomes Tara , Yao Zhan , Mamdani Muhammad M. , Hellings Chelsea , Fischer Benedikt , Rehm Jürgen , Bayoumi Ahmed M. , Juurlink David N. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To determine the extent to which other opioids are prescribed to patients receiving methadone in Ontario, Canada.Design  Retrospective cohort study.Setting  Ontario, Canada from 1 April 2003 to 31 March 2010.Participants  We studied patients aged 15–64 years with publically funded drug coverage who received at least 30 days of continuous methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).Measurements  The proportion of patients who received more than 7 days of a non‐methadone opioid during MMT. A secondary analysis examined the extent to which non‐methadone opioids were prescribed by physicians or dispensed by pharmacies not involved in a patient's MMT.Findings  Among 18 759 patients treated with methadone, 3456 (18.4%) received at least one prescription for non‐methadone opioids of more than 7 days' duration. In this group, the median number of non‐methadone opioid prescriptions dispensed per year was 11.9 (interquartile range 4.1–25.0). The most frequently prescribed opioids were codeine and oxycodone. Of the 73 520 non‐methadone opioid prescriptions of more than 7 days' duration, nearly half (45.8%) originated from non‐MMT prescribers and pharmacies.Conclusions  Many patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy in Ontario receive overlapping prescriptions for other opioids, often for extended periods. The associated prescribing patterns suggest that many such prescriptions may be duplicitous. The prescribing and dispensing of non‐methadone opioids to patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy is likely to be observed in jurisdictions outside Ontario, Canada.
Micro‐CT analyses of apical enlargement and molar root canal complexity
Authors: Markvart M. , Darvann T. A. , Larsen P. , Dalstra M. , Kreiborg S. , Bjørndal L. 
Published: November 2011

Markvart M, Darvann TA, Larsen P, Dalstra M, Kreiborg S, Bjørndal L. Micro‐CT analyses of apical enlargement and molar root canal complexity. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 273–281, 2012.AbstractAim  To compare the effectiveness of two rotary hybrid instrumentation techniques with focus on apical enlargement in molar teeth and to quantify and visualize spatial details of instrumentation efficacy in root canals of different complexity.Methodology  Maxillary and mandibular molar teeth were scanned using X‐ray microcomputed tomography. Root canals were prepared using either a GT/Profile protocol or a RaCe/NiTi protocol. Variables used for evaluation were the following: distance between root canal surfaces before and after preparation (distance after preparation, DAP), percentage of root canal area remaining unprepared and increase in canal volume after preparation. Root canals were classified according to size and complexity, and consequences of unprepared portions of narrow root canals and intraradicular connections/isthmuses were included in the analyses. One‐ and two‐way anova were used in the statistical analyses.Results  No difference was found between the two techniques: DAPapical‐third (P = 0.590), area unpreparedapical‐third (P = 0.126) and volume increaseapical‐third (P = 0.821). Unprepared root canal area became larger in relation to root canal size and complexity, irrespective of the technique used. Percentage of root canal area remaining unprepared was significantly lower in small root canals and complex systems compared to large root canals. The isthmus area per se contributed with a mean of 17.6%, and with a mean of 25.7%, when a narrow root canal remained unprepared.Conclusions  The addition of isthmuses did not significantly alter the ratio of instrumented to unprepared areas at total root canal level. Distal and palatal root canals had the highest level of unprepared area irrespective of the two instrumentation techniques examined.
Migration: a concept analysis from a nursing perspective
Authors: Freeman Michelle , Baumann Andrea , Blythe Jennifer , Fisher Anita , Akhtar‐Danesh Noori 
Published: November 2011

freeman m., baumann a., blythe j., fisher a. & akhtar‐danesh n. (2011) Migration: a concept analysis from a nursing perspective. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(5), 1176–1186.AbstractAim.  This article is a report of a concept analysis of nurse migration.Background.  International migration is increasing and nurse migrants are active participants in this movement. Migration is a complex term and can be examined from a range of perspectives. Analysis of nurse migration is needed to guide policy, practice and research.Data sources.  A literature search was undertaken using electronic literature indexes, specific journals and websites, internet search engines and hand searches. No timeframe was placed on the search. Most literature found was published between 2001 and 2009. A sample of 80 documents met the inclusion criteria.Method.  Walker and Avant’s approach guided the analysis.Discussion.  Nurse migration can be defined by five attributes: the motivation and decisions of individuals; external barriers and facilitators; freedom of choice to migrate; freedom to migrate as a human right, and dynamic movement. Antecedents of migration include the political, social, economic, legal, historical and educational forces that comprise the push and pull framework. The consequences of migration are positive or negative depending on the viewpoint and its affect on the individual and other stakeholders such as the source country, destination country, healthcare systems and the nursing profession.Conclusion.  This concept analysis clarified the complexities surrounding nurse migration. A nursing‐specific middle‐range theory was proposed to guide the understanding and study of nurse migration.
Knowledge translation and improving practices in neurological rehabilitation: managers' viewpoint
Authors: Girard Anik , Rochette Annie , Fillion Barbara 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  Studies in neurological rehabilitation have been undertaken in recent years to improve knowledge transfer. The manager is an important player in the health care system, yet few studies have examined their role in knowledge transfer. The main objective was to explore the importance of knowledge transfer and improving practices from the viewpoint of managers of neurological rehabilitation programs.Methods  An exploratory qualitative research design was used. Three case studies were conducted by way of semi‐structured one‐on‐one interviews with neurological rehabilitation program managers. To be eligible, managers had to give their informed consent and have had responsibilities directly related to the coordination of clinicians working in neurological rehabilitation for at least a year. Data collected were recorded and transcribed. Each interview was synthesized and its content was carefully analysed.Results  The three managers' experience in neurology varied from a year to several decades. They believe that knowledge transfer is important but it appears to be less of a priority because of their numerous other responsibilities. Participants said they perceived their role in this process as being a coach, facilitator, motivator, organizer, guide and ambassador. They mentioned reacting to the needs expressed by the clinicians but, when asked, said they would like to be more proactive and structured in their approach.Conclusions  This study points up the lack of organizational structure fostering uniform knowledge translation across all clinicians, although the managers expect it to happen in the near future or would like to see it in an ideal world.
Diagnostic grouping among adults with intellectual disabilities and autistic spectrum disorders in staffed housing
Authors: Felce D. , Perry J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  There is little evidence to guide the commissioning of residential provision for adults with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in the UK. We aim to explore the degree and impact of diagnostic congregation among adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and ASD living in staffed housing.Methods  One hundred and fifty‐seven adults with intellectual disabilities from a sample of 424 in staffed housing were assessed as having the triad of impairments characteristic of ASD. They lived in 88 houses: 26 were non‐congregate (40% or fewer residents had the triad) and 50 congregate (60% or more had the triad); 12 with intermediate groupings were eliminated. Non‐congregate and congregate groups were compared on age, gender, adaptive and challenging behaviour, house size, staff per resident and various measures of quality of care and quality of outcome. Comparisons were repeated for Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS)‐matched, congregate and non‐congregate subsamples.Results  Non‐congregate settings were larger, had lower staff per resident and more individualised social milieus. Groups were similar in age and gender but the non‐congregate group had non‐significantly higher ABS scores. The non‐congregate group did more social, community and household activities. After matching for ABS, these outcome differences ceased to be significant. Non‐congregate settings were significantly larger and had significantly more organised working methods.Conclusions  The findings are consistent with other research that finds few advantages to diagnostic grouping.
Arc magmatism in eastern Kumaun Himalaya, India: A study based on geochemistry of granitoid rocks
Authors: RAMESHWAR RAO D. , SHARMA RAJESH 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPetrochemical studies of granitoid rocks from the eastern part of Kumaun region suggest that the leading edge of India represents an active arc during Late Paleoproterozoic times. It has been observed that melt generation for granodiorite rocks from the eastern Almora Nappe and Chhiplakot klippe along with the Askot klippe was caused through a subduction‐related process involving hydrous partial melting of a Paleoproterozoic amphibole‐ and/or garnet‐bearing mafic source with the involvement of sediments from the subduction zone. The medium‐ to high‐K basic rocks, common in subduction‐related magmatic arcs, can also explain the generation of the high‐K granodiorites of the Chhiplakot klippe. The augen gneisses from the eastern Almora nappe and Chhiplakot klippe along with the Askot klippe further show geochemical similarity with the associated granodiorites, suggesting there is a genetic linkage with one another.
Perceptions of parents and speech and language therapists on the effects of paediatric cochlear implantation and habilitation and education following it
Authors: Huttunen Kerttu , Välimaa Taina 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground: During the process of implantation, parents may have rather heterogeneous expectations and concerns about their child's development and the functioning of habilitation and education services. Their views on habilitation and education are important for building family‐centred practices.Aims: We explored the perceptions of parents and speech and language therapists (SLTs) on the effects of implantation on the child and the family and on the quality of services provided. Their views were also compared.Methods & Procedures: Parents and SLTs of 18 children filled out questionnaires containing open‐ and closed‐ended questions at 6 months and annually 1–5 years after activation of the implant. Their responses were analysed mainly using data‐based inductive content analysis.Outcomes & Results: Positive experiences outnumbered negative ones in the responses of both the parents and the SLTs surveyed. The parents were particularly satisfied with the improvement in communication and expanded social life in the family. These were the most prevalent themes also raised by the SLTs. The parents were also satisfied with the organization and content of habilitation. Most of the negative experiences were related to arrangement of hospital visits and the usability and maintenance of speech processor technology. Some children did not receive enough speech and language therapy, and some of the parents were dissatisfied with educational services. The habilitation process had generally required parental efforts at an expected level. However, parents with a child with at least one concomitant problem experienced habilitation as more stressful than did other parents.Conclusions & Implications: Parents and SLTs had more positive than negative experiences with implantation. As the usability and maintenance of speech processor technology were often compromised, we urge implant centres to ensure sufficient personnel for technical maintenance. It is also important to promote services by providing enough information and parental support.
Sea cucumber fisheries: global analysis of stocks, management measures and drivers of overfishing
Authors: Purcell Steven W , Mercier Annie , Conand Chantal , Hamel Jean‐François , Toral‐Granda M Verónica , Lovatelli Alessandro , Uthicke Sven 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWorldwide, most sea cucumber fisheries are ineffectively managed, leading to declining stocks and potentially eroding the resilience of fisheries. We analyse trends in catches, fishery status, fishing participation and regulatory measures among 77 sea cucumber fisheries through data from recent fishery reports and fishery managers. Critical gaps in fisheries biology knowledge of even commonly targeted species undermine the expected success of management strategies. Most tropical fisheries are small‐scale, older and typified by numerous (>8) species, whereas temperate fisheries are often emerging, mono‐specific and industrialized. Fisher participation data indicated about 3 million sea cucumber fishers worldwide. Fisher participation rates were significantly related to the average annual yield. permanova analysis showed that over‐exploited and depleted fisheries employed different sets of measures than fisheries with healthier stocks, and a non‐metric multidimensional scaling ordination illustrated that a broad set of regulatory measures typified sustainable fisheries. SIMPER and regression tree analyses identified that the dissimilarity was most related to enforcement capacity, number of species harvested, fleet (vessel) controls, limited entry controls and rotational closures. The national Human Development Index was significantly lower in countries with over‐exploited and depleted fisheries. Where possible, managers should limit the number of fishers and vessel size and establish short lists of permissible commercial species in multispecies fisheries. Our findings emphasize an imperative to support the enforcement capacity in low‐income countries, in which risk of biodiversity loss is exceptionally high. Solutions for greater resilience of sea cucumber stocks must be embedded within those for poverty reduction and alternative livelihood options.
Overexpression of GhSusA1 increases plant biomass and improves cotton fiber yield and quality
Authors: Jiang Yanjie , Guo Wangzhen , Zhu Huayu , Ruan Yong‐Ling , Zhang Tianzhen 
Published: November 2011

SummaryCotton (Gossypium spp.) is an important economic crop and the largest source of textile fiber in the world. However, to date, only a few genes have been identified that exhibit critical roles in fiber development, and few has shown positive effects on fiber yield and quality in transgenic cotton. Here, we report the characterization of a novel sucrose synthase (SusA1) gene from a superior quality fiber germplasm line 7235 in Gossypium hirsutum. By association analysis, GhSusA1 was highly correlated with fiber qualities in (7235× TM‐1) recombinant inbred lines based on polymorphism of GhSusA1 between 7235 and TM‐1. Subsequently, based on an interspecific population of 141 BC1 individuals generated from the cross between TM‐1 and Gossypium barbadense line, Hai7124, we further mapped GhSusA1 genes on homeologous chromosomes A8 (chro.8) and D8 (chro.24). Suppression of GhSusA1 in transgenic cotton reduced fiber quality and decreased the boll size and seed weight. Importantly, overexpression of this gene increased fiber length and strength, with the latter indicated by the enhanced thickening of cell wall during secondary wall formation stage. Moreover, increasing GhSusA1 transcript abundance in vegetative tissues led to elevated seedling biomass. Together, these findings identified GhSusA1 as a key regulator of sink strength in cotton, which is tightly associated with productivity, and hence a promising candidate gene that can be developed to increase cotton fiber yield and quality.