bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural killer cells target HCV core proteins during the innate immune response in HCV transgenic mice
Authors: Satoh Kenichi , Takahashi Hiroki , Matsuda Chiho , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Miyasaka Masayuki , Zeniya Mikio , Kohara Michinori 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe mechanism of the innate immune response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) has not been fully elucidated, largely due to the lack of an appropriate model. We used HCV transgenic (Tg) mice, which express core, E1, E2, and NS2 proteins regulated by the Cre/loxP switching expression system, to examine the innate immune response to HCV structural proteins. Twelve hours after HCV transgene expression, HCV core protein levels in Tg mouse livers were 15–47 pg/mg. In contrast, in Tg mice with a depletion of natural killer (NK) cells, we observed much higher levels of HCV core proteins (1,597 pg/ml). Cre‐mediated genomic DNA recombination efficiency in the HCV‐Tg mice was strongly observed in NK cell‐depleted mice between 0.5 and 1 day as compared to non‐treated mice. These data indicated that NK cells participate in the elimination of core‐expressing hepatocytes in the innate immune responses during the acute phase of HCV infection. J. Med. Virol. 82:1545–1553, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotype E in Northern Madagascar indicates a West‐African lineage
Authors: Dupinay Tatiana , Restorp Karin , Leutscher Peter , Rousset Dominique , Chemin Isabelle , Migliani Rene , Magnius Lars , Norder Heléne 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers was investigated in 563 inhabitants aged 15–55 years from a sugar cane region, Sirama, and from a village, Mataipako, in Northern Madagascar. Serological markers of past or present infection were significantly higher in Sirama, 74% versus 45%. There was no difference in the prevalence of chronic HBsAg carriers, 8.7% versus 8.5% between the two regions. Sequencing the S gene in 45 strains revealed a predominance of genotype E, in 53%, followed by subgenotype A1 in 22%, and genotype D in 18%. Phylogenetic analyses of the genotype E strains showed homology with West African strains. All A1 isolates were similar to Malawi strains. Most genotype D strains were subgenotype D7 and related to strains from Somalia and Tunisia. One genotype D strain formed a branch between Pacific D4 and African D7 strains at neighbor‐joining analysis. The pre‐core stop mutant was found in 33% of the genotype D strains, 17% of E but not in any A1 strain. The high prevalence and low variability of genotype E strains in only two villages, indicates a rather recent introduction of this genotype into Madagascar from West Africa, possibly through migration or slave trade. The wider spread and genetic relationship of genotype D with East African and Austronesian strains indicate an earlier introduction of this genotype. Molecular epidemiology of HBV may thus be used to complement linguistic and genetic studies on past human migrations in Africa. J. Med. Virol. 82:1515–1526, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enterovirus markers and serum CXCL10 in children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Berg Anna‐Karin , Tuvemo Torsten , Frisk Gun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMost patients with type 1 diabetes are considered to have a T‐cell mediated autoimmune disease. The chemokine CXCL10 promotes the migration of activated T‐cells. Virus infections might contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and enterovirus protein and/or genome have been detected in β‐cells from a majority of tested newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes. The chemokine CXCL10 is induced in human islet cells by enterovirus infections in vivo and in vitro, but is not expressed in islets from normal organ donors. Since CXCL10 is a chemokine known to be induced by virus infections and/or cellular damage, our aim was to study if levels of CXCL10 are elevated in serum from children with type 1 diabetes and whether it correlates to the presence of enterovirus markers. CXCL10, neutralizing antibody titer rises against certain enterovirus, and antibodies against GAD65 were measured in serum, and enterovirus PCR was performed on whole blood from 83 type 1 diabetes patients at onset, 48 siblings and 69 controls. CXCL10 was also measured in serum from 46 patients with proven enterovirus infection and in serum from 46 patients with other proven virus infections. The CXCL10 serum levels were not elevated in children at onset of type 1 diabetes and there was a considerable overlap between the groups with 99 (8–498) pg/ml in serum from children with type 1 diabetes, 120 (17–538) pg/ml in serum from controls, and 117 (7–448) pg/ml in siblings of the children with type 1 diabetes. The CXCL10 serum levels in patients with proven enterovirus infection were slightly increased compared to the levels in the other groups, 172 (0–585) pg/ml but there was no statistically significant difference. In contrast, CXCL10 serum levels in patients with other proven virus infections were clearly elevated 418 (34–611) pg/ml. Despite that elevated CXCL10 levels have been demonstrated in some groups of patients with type 1 diabetes, in this study the mean CXCL10 serum levels were not elevated in patients with type 1 diabetes neither in patients with proven enterovirus infection. In contrast, in patients with other virus infections the CXCL10 levels were elevated, presumably reflecting the severity or the site of infection. This suggests that local production of CXCL10 in the affected organ cannot be measured reproducible in serum and that its potential use in clinical practice is limited. J. Med. Virol. 82:1594–1599, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of antibodies to swine influenza viruses in humans with occupational exposure to pigs, Thuringia, Germany, 2008–2009
Authors: Krumbholz Andi , Lange Jeannette , Dürrwald Ralf , Hoyer Heike , Bengsch Stefan , Wutzler Peter , Zell Roland 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Eurasian lineages of swine influenza viruses are different genetically from classical swine H1N1 influenza viruses and comprise avian‐like H1N1 and human‐like H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes. Although sporadic isolation of such viruses from human specimens has been reported, the prevalence of human infections is not known. In the present study, the seroprevalence against Eurasian swine influenza viruses was investigated. Sera were collected in Thuringia, Germany, from December 2007 to April 2009. The study group comprised 118 professionals with occupational exposure to pigs (50 pig slaughterers/meat inspectors, 46 pig farmers, 22 veterinarians caring for pig herds). The control group included 118 age‐ and gender‐matched blood donors from Thuringia. As a result, 18 sera of the study group were identified with raised hemagglutination‐inhibition titers against a panel of nine swine influenza viruses (three strains/ subtype). For 17/18 sera this finding was confirmed in the neutralization assay. For 11/18 sera the raise of titers was significant, that is, a fourfold increase of hemagglutination‐inhibition titers was observed. No gender‐specific bias of the high titer sera was observed. Twelve sera of the control group showed increased hemagglutination‐inhibition titers against swine influenza viruses. Hemagglutination‐inhibition titers of 2/12 control sera were raised fourfold but did not exhibit a significant increase of neutralization titers. All increased hemagglutination‐inhibition titers of the control group may be explained by cross‐reactivity with seasonal influenza virus strains, as all these sera also reacted with human strains. J. Med. Virol. 82:1617–1625, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman spectroscopy of selected borate minerals of the pinakiolité group
Authors: Frost Ray L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Raman spectra of a series of related minerals of the pinakiolité group have been collected and the spectra related to the mineral structure. These minerals are based upon an isolated BO33− ion. The site symmetry is reduced from D3h to C1. Intense Raman bands are observed for the minerals takeuchiité, pinakiolité, fredrikssonité and azoproité at 1084, 1086, 1086 and 1086 cm−1. These bands are assigned to the ν1 BO33− symmetric stretching mode. Low‐intensity Raman bands are observed for the minerals at 1345, 1748; 1435, 1748; 1435, 1750; and 1436, 1749 cm−1, respectively. One probable assignment is to ν3 BO33− antisymmetric stretching mode. Intense Raman bands of the studied minerals at 712 cm−1 are attributed to the ν2 out‐of‐plane bending mode. Importantly, through the comparison of the Raman spectra, the molecular structure of borate minerals with ill‐defined structures can be obtained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential expression of Axl in hepatocellular carcinoma and correlation with tumor lymphatic metastasis
Authors: He Ling , Zhang Jianing , Jiang Lili , Jin Changgong , Zhao Yongfu , Yang Guang , Jia Li 
Published: July 2010

AbstractProtein kinases play important roles in tumor development and progression. A variety of members of the signal transduction enzymes serve as targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer. The dysregulation of Axl receptor and its ligand growth arrest‐specific 6 (Gas6) is implicated in the pathogenesis of several cancers. In this study, the differential expressions of Axl were investigated in mouse hepatocarcinoma cell lines Hca‐F and Hca‐P, which have high‐ and low‐metastatic potential to lymph nodes. Experimental inhibition of Axl by siRNA assessed further the metastatic potential of Axl. The results showed that down‐regulation of Axl expression attenuated Hca‐F cells proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as inhibited metastasis to peripheral lymph nodes in vivo. Further analysis demonstrated that the addition of exogenous Gas6 mediated the migration and invasion of Hca‐F cells both in vitro and in vivo through Axl. Furthermore, Gas6 stimulation of Axl in Hca‐F cells resulted primarily in the down‐regulation of Cyr61, a member of the CCN protein family involved in tumor progression. These data suggest that Axl acts as a tumor lymphatic metastasis‐associated gene, and may function partly through the regulation of Cyr61. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Hybrid Galerkin–Monte‐Carlo Approach to Higher‐Dimensional Population Balances in Polymerization Kinetics
Authors: Schütte Christof , Wulkow Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPopulation balance models describing not only the chain‐length distribution of a polymer but also additional properties like branching or composition are still difficult to solve numerically. For simulation of such systems two essentially different approaches are discussed in the literature: deterministic solvers based on rate equations and stochastic Monte‐Carlo (MC) strategies based on chemical master equations. The paper presents a novel hybrid approach to polymer reaction kinetics that combines the best of these two worlds. We discuss the theoretical conditions of the algorithm, describe its numerical realization, and show that, if applicable, it is more efficient than full‐scale MC approaches and leads to more detailed information in additional property indices than deterministic solvers.magnified image
That I Won't Translate! Experiences of a Family Medical Interpreter in a Multicultural Environment
Authors: Seidelman Rhona D. , Bachner Yaacov G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFamily members used as patients' interpreters are a common occurrence in the medical environments of multicultural societies. It is recognized that the use of the family‐member interpreter may have some benefits. However, studies show that this option also has substantial disadvantages and therefore suggest that the use of professional medical interpreters is the preferable option for effective quality care. The purpose of the current study is to present the narrative of a family‐member interpreter in Israel, a diverse immigrant society. While numerous studies have been done on the challenges in the doctor‐interpreter‐patient medical encounter, these studies tend to focus on the experiences of the physicians or the patients, and the perspective of the interpreter is often sidelined. After discussing the various interpreting options, we suggest that the perspective of the family‐member interpreter strengthens assertions that professional interpretation is the best option for multilingual medical environments. Mt Sinai J Med 77:389–393, 2010. © 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Systems Pharmacology
Authors: Boran Aislyn D. W. , Iyengar Ravi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe examine how physiology and pathophysiology are studied from a systems perspective, using high‐throughput experiments and computational analysis of regulatory networks. We describe the integration of these analyses with pharmacology, which leads to new understanding of drug action and enables drug discovery for complex diseases. Network studies of drug‐target relationships can serve as an indication on the general trends in the approved drugs and the drug‐discovery progress. There is a growing number of targeted therapies approved and in the pipeline, which meets a new set of problems with efficacy and adverse effects. The pitfalls of these mechanistically based drugs are described, along with how a systems view of drug action is increasingly important to uncover intricate signaling mechanisms that play an important part in drug action, resistance mechanisms, and off‐target effects. Computational methodologies enable the classification of drugs according to their structures and to which proteins they bind. Recent studies have combined the structural analyses with analysis of regulatory networks to make predictions about the therapeutic effects of drugs for complex diseases and possible off‐target effects. Mt Sinai J Med 77:333–344, 2010. © 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Joseph's Wishes: Ethical Decision‐Making in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Penner Leigh , Mollie Cantor Rabbi , Siegel Linda 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe death of a child is an uncommon occurrence and can be difficult for families to accept. Attempts by the healthcare team to discuss end‐of‐life issues can be so upsetting to families that they refuse to participate in the discussion. Even with diseases where an early death can be anticipated, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the family is often reluctant to discuss end‐of‐life issues when the patient is relatively healthy, preferring to focus on the current health issues. In this article we discuss what happens when there are disagreements between the patient and family and the needs of both must be taken into consideration. Mt Sinai J Med 77:394–397, 2010. © 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Überkritische Fluide zur Verwertung nachwachsender Rohstoffe
Authors: Vogel Herbert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Erschließung von Biomasse für die Chemikalien‐, Kunststoff‐ und Treibstoffproduktion ist eine der Zukunftsaufgaben der Industrienationen. Zur chemischen Umwandlung nachwachsender Rohstoffe, speziell von Kohlenhydraten in weniger funktionalisierte Zwischenprodukte (platform chemicals, building blocks), empfehlen sich Green Solvents in Form von überkritischen Fluiden; sie werden aber noch viel zu selten genutzt.
Eine neue leistungsfähige Dimension der Bildgebung
Authors: Daemi Sascha , Boese Matthias 
Published: July 2010

AbstractModerne Flächendetektoren machen die FT‐IR‐Mikroskopie zu einem neuen Bildgebungsverfahren. Auch größere Flächen sind innerhalb von Minuten bei sehr hoher Ortsauflösung zu vermessen. Ergebnisse lassen sich in leicht verständlichen Bildern auswerten.
On sparse linear discriminant analysis algorithm for high‐dimensional data classification
Authors: Ng Michael K. , Liao Li‐Zhi , Zhang Leihong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we present a sparse linear discriminant analysis (LDA) algorithm for high‐dimensional objects in subspaces. In high dimensional data, groups of objects often exist in subspaces rather than in the entire space. For example, in text data classification, groups of documents of different types are categorized by different subsets of terms. The terms for one group may not occur in the samples of other groups. In the new algorithm, we consider a LDA to calculate a weight for each dimension and use the weight values to identify the subsets of important dimensions in the discriminant vectors that categorize different groups. This is achieved by including the weight sparsity term in the objective function that is minimized in the LDA. We develop an iterative algorithm for computing such sparse and orthogonal vectors in the LDA. Experiments on real data sets have shown that the new algorithm can generate better classification results and identify relevant dimensions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonoverlapping domain decomposition characteristic finite differences for three‐dimensional convection‐diffusion equations
Authors: Li Changfeng , Yuan Yirang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOne domain decomposition method modified with characteristic differences is presented for non‐periodic three‐dimensional equations by multiply‐type quadratic interpolation and variant time‐step technique. This method consists of reduced‐scale, two‐dimensional computation on subdomain interface boundaries and fully implicit subdomain computation in parallel. A computational algorithm is outlined and an error estimate in discrete l2‐ norm is established by introducing new inner products and norms. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results, efficiency and parallelism of this method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 17‐37, 2012
The convergence of the bilinear and linear immersed finite element solutions to interface problems
Authors: He Xiaoming , Lin Tao , Lin Yanping 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article analyzes the error in both the bilinear and linear immersed finite element (IFE) solutions for second‐order elliptic boundary problems with discontinuous coefficients. The discontinuity in the coefficients is supposed to happen across general curves, but the mesh of the IFE methods can be allowed not to align with the curve of discontinuity. It has been shown that the bilinear and linear IFE solutions converge to the exact solution under the usual assumptions about the meshes and regularity.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 312–330 2012
A posteriori boundary control for FEM approximation of elliptic eigenvalue problems
Authors: da Veiga L. Beirão , Verani M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe derive new a posteriori error estimates for the finite element solution of an elliptic eigenvalue problem, which take into account also the effects of the polygonal approximation of the domain. This suggests local error indicators that can be used to drive a procedure handling the mesh refinement together with the approximation of the domain. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 369–388, 2012
Optimization of organo‐layered double hydroxide dispersion in LDPE‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Coiai Serena , Scatto Marco , Conzatti Lucia , Azzurri Fiorenza , Andreotti Leonardo , Salmini Elena , Stagnaro Paola , Zanolin Alessandro , Cicogna Francesca , Passaglia Elisa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLow‐density polyethylene/layered double hydroxide (LDPE/LDH) nanocomposites were prepared via melt extrusion using organo‐LDH particles and maleic anhydride functionalized polyethylene as compatibilizer. Processing parameters, preparation method, and feed composition were properly modulated until obtaining nanocomposites with intercalated/exfoliated morphologies, and an uniform distribution of nanolayers, as evidenced by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis. These materials showed a significant improvement of the thermal‐oxidative stability, which increased of about 50°C during the first step of the degradation process. Moreover, a remarkable reduction of the oxygen permeability, proportional to the aspect ratio of LDH stacks dispersed in the polyolefin matrix was evidenced, indicating the possible application of nanocomposite films as food packaging materials. As highlighted by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, interactions at the interface between LDH layers and polymer chains caused a shift of the LDPE β‐relaxation toward higher temperatures and a reduction of the peak intensity with respect to the matrix. It was also found that the storage modulus of the nanocomposites was lower in all the temperature range with respect to the reference samples. Finally, on‐line capillary rheometer measurements evidenced that the shear thinning behavior of the nanocomposites was dominated by the matrix so that the melt processability was not compromised by the presence of the filler. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term performance degradation of various kinds of photovoltaic modules under moderate climatic conditions
Authors: Ishii Tetsuyuki , Takashima Takumi , Otani Kenji 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVarious kinds of photovoltaic (PV) modules have been developed and practically operated as PV systems up to present. Investigation of the long‐term reliability of PV modules is indispensable for the use of PV systems as reliable energy sources. In this study, we show the results of outdoor exposure test in which the performance of 14 PV modules composed of five different kinds made by six different PV manufacturers have been measured since July 2004. The average performance is calculated in each year from 2005 to 2008, and the performance degradation is quantitatively evaluated. The results are that the magnitude of the performance degradation can be clearly classified by the kinds of the PV modules. The performance difference of the single‐crystalline silicon (sc‐Si) modules between 2005 and 2008 is from 1.9% to 2.8%. Polycrystalline silicon (pc‐Si) modules show performance degradation from 0.7% to 1.4%. The performance of an amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (a‐Si:H/c‐Si) decreased by 0.7%. Although a pair of a‐Si modules had been already exposed to sunlight for about 6 months, the pair of modules show 4.4% of performance degradation. More than half of the performance degradation happened during the initial period from 2005 to 2006. This indicates that it takes about 2 years until the performance of a‐Si modules is stable. The performance is quite stable after 2006. Interestingly, the performance of the cupper indium gallium diselenide modules in 2008 is about 0.8% higher than that in 2005. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasmonic light‐trapping for Si solar cells using self‐assembled, Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Beck F. J. , Mokkapati S. , Catchpole K. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe present experimental results for photocurrent enhancements in thin c‐Si solar cells due to light‐trapping by self‐assembled, random Ag nanoparticle arrays. The experimental geometry is chosen to maximise the enhancement provided by employing previously reported design considerations for plasmonic light‐trapping. The particles are located on the rear of the cells, decoupling light‐trapping and anti‐reflection effects, and the scattering resonances of the particles are red‐shifted to target spectral regions which are poorly absorbed in Si, by over‐coating with TiO2. We report a relative increase in photocurrent of 10% for 22 µm Si cells due to light‐trapping. Incorporation of a detached mirror behind the nanoparticles increases the photocurrent enhancement to 13% and improves the external quantum efficiency by a factor of 5.6 for weakly absorbed light. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.