bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thank You to Our 2023 Reviewers
Authors: Caylor Kelly K. , AghaKouchak Amir , Dalin Carole , de Beurs Kirsten , Le Cozannet Gonéri , Diffenbaugh Noah S. , Guan Dabo , Kopp Robert E. , Kroll Jesse , Mishra Ashok , Mishra Vimal , Reed Patrick M. , Rulli Maria Cristina , Trugman Anna , Zhang Xin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOn behalf of the journal, AGU, and the scientific community, we, the editors of Earth's Future, are delighted to publish the names of the 817 peer reviewers who provided 1,242 reviews for our journal in 2023 (italicized names have contributed three or more reviews). Your diligent efforts to provide timely comments on our submissions have significantly improved the manuscripts and elevated the scientific rigor of future research. As a unique transdisciplinary journal, Earth's Future delves into the state of the planet and its inhabitants, sustainable and resilient societies, the science of the Anthropocene, and predictions of our shared future through research articles, reviews, and commentaries. In the face of observed and anticipated global environmental and climatic changes, the need for high‐quality scientific theories, assessments, and projections about the future of our planet has never been more pressing. To safeguard research integrity in this crucial area, we rely on our reviewers' expertise and selfless cooperation. We extend our heartfelt thanks to each of the individuals listed below for their contributions to our journal and the broader scientific discourse. Your dedication is immensely appreciated.
Water Impact on Adsorbed Oil Detachment From Mineral Surfaces by Supercritical CO2: A Molecular Insight
Authors: Yang Yulong , Gao Rui , Sun Wenyuan , Yang Leilei , Hou Jirui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGeochemical reactions are crucial for in situ CO2 mineralization underground associated with CO2‐enhanced oil recovery (CO2‐EOR) in a hydrocarbon reservoir. However, the presence of formation water and adsorbed oil on rocks generates physical barriers to CO2's access to mineral surfaces, which may yield impedance to CO2 mineral trapping that has yet to be accounted for. In this study, we mimic the dynamic oil detachment process using molecular dynamic (MD) simulation and analyze the influence of an adsorbed oil film on supercritical CO2 (scCO2) diffusion toward the mineral surface in the presence and absence of a water phase. Our results demonstrated a negative impact of water on oil film detachment by scCO2, which may weaken mineral reactions and is unfavorable for mineralized CO2 storage underground.
Simultaneous detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) using recombinase polymerase amplification
Authors: Jiang Lingling , Zhang Gang , Wang Pu , Niu Xiaoxia , Liu Qiang , Zhang Sinong , Gao Weifeng , Li Yong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is considered to be the most common agent of severe diarrhea in cattle worldwide, causing fever, diarrhea, ulcers, and abortion. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is also a major bovine respiratory disease agent that spreads worldwide and causes extensive damage to the livestock industry. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a novel nucleic acid amplification method with the advantages of high efficiency, rapidity and sensitivity, which has been widely used in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. A dual RPA assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of BVDV and BoHV-1. The assay was completed at a constant temperature of 37 °C for 30 min. It was highly sensitive and had no cross-reactivity with other common bovine viruses. The detection rate of BVDV RPA in clinical samples (36.67%) was higher than that of PCR (33.33%), the detection rate of BoHV-1 RPA and PCR were equal. Therefore, the established dual RPA assay for BVDV and BoHV-1 could be a potential candidate for use as an immediate diagnostic.
The PocketPerio application significantly increases the accuracy of diagnosing periodontal conditions in didactic and chairside settings
Authors: Parsegian Karo , Okano David K. , Chandrasekaran Sangeetha , Kim Yoolim , Carter Tonia C. , Shimpi Neel , Fadakar Sadaf , Angelov Nikola 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to determine the accuracy of diagnosing periodontal conditions using the developed web-based PocketPerio application and evaluate the user’s perspective on the use of PocketPerio. First, 22 third-year dental students (DS3) diagnosed ten cases without PocketPerio (control) and with PocketPerio (test) during a mock examination. Then, 105 DS3, 13 fourth-year dental students (DS4), and 32 senior second-year International Standing Program students (ISP2) used PocketPerio chairside. Statistical analysis was performed using a non-parametric paired two-tailed test of significance with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. The null hypothesis that PocketPerio did not increase the accuracy of periodontal diagnoses was rejected at α < 0.01. Periodontal diagnoses made using PocketPerio correlated with those made by periodontics faculty (“gold standard") in all cases. During the mock examination, PocketPerio significantly increased the accuracy of periodontal diagnoses compared to the control (52.73 vs. 13.18%, respectively). Chairside, PocketPerio significantly increased the accuracy of primary (100 vs. 40.0%) and secondary (100 vs. 14.25%) periodontal diagnoses compared to the respective controls. Students regardless of their training year felt more confident in diagnosing periodontal conditions using PocketPerio than their current tools, provided positive feedback on its features, and suggested avenues for its further development.
Analysis of spatial and temporal changes in vegetation cover and its drivers in the Aksu River Basin, China
Authors: Ding Yongkang , Feng Yuqing , Chen Kang , Zhang Xiaochen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExploring vegetation dynamics in arid areas and their responses to different natural and anthropogenic factors is critical for understanding ecosystems. Based on the monthly MOD13Q1 (250 m) remote sensing data from 2000 to 2019, this study analyzed spatio-temporal changes in vegetation cover in the Aksu River Basin and predicted future change trends using one-dimensional linear regression, the Mann–Kendall test, and the Hurst index. Quantitative assessment of the magnitude of anthropogenic and natural drivers was performed using the Geodetector model. Eleven natural and anthropogenic factors were quantified and analyzed within five time periods. The influence of the driving factors on the changes in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in each period was calculated and analyzed. Four main results were found. (1) The overall vegetation cover in the region significantly grew from 2000 to 2019. The vegetation cover changes were dominated by expected future improvements, with a Hurst index average of 0.45. (2) Land use type, soil moisture, surface temperature, and potential vapor dispersion were the main drivers of NDVI changes, with annual average q-values above 0.2. (3) The driving effect of two-factor interactions was significantly greater than that of single factors, especially land use type interacts with other factors to a greater extent on vegetation cover. (4) The magnitude of the interaction between soil moisture and potential vapor dispersion and the magnitude of the interaction between anthropogenic factors and other factors showed an obvious increasing trend. Current soil moisture and human activities had a positive influence on the growth of vegetation in the area. The findings of this study are important for ecological monitoring and security as well as land desertification control.
Multiwaves, breathers, lump and other solutions for the Heimburg model in biomembranes and nerves
Authors: Ozsahin Dilber Uzun , Ceesay Baboucarr , baber Muhammad Zafarullah , Ahmed Nauman , Raza Ali , Rafiq Muhammad , Ahmad Hijaz , Awwad Fuad A. , Ismail Emad A. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this manuscript, a mathematical model known as the Heimburg model is investigated analytically to get the soliton solutions. Both biomembranes and nerves can be studied using this model. The cell membrane’s lipid bilayer is regarded by the model as a substance that experiences phase transitions. It implies that the membrane responds to electrical disruptions in a nonlinear way. The importance of ionic conductance in nerve impulse propagation is shown by Heimburg’s model. The dynamics of the electromechanical pulse in a nerve are analytically investigated using the Hirota Bilinear method. The various types of solitons are investigates, such as homoclinic breather waves, interaction via double exponents, lump waves, multi-wave, mixed type solutions, and periodic cross kink solutions. The electromechanical pulse’s ensuing three-dimensional and contour shapes offer crucial insight into how nerves function and may one day be used in medicine and the biological sciences. Our grasp of soliton dynamics is improved by this research, which also opens up new directions for biomedical investigation and medical developments. A few 3D and contour profiles have also been created for new solutions, and interaction behaviors have also been shown.
Changes of PK/PD of Meropenem in patients with abdominal septic shock and exploration of clinical rational administration plan: a prospective exploratory study
Authors: Wang Youquan , Li Hongxiang , Wang Dongxia , Li Yuting , Shen Yangyang , Fu Yao , Li Yanhua , Gao Meng , Zhang Dong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the changes of pharmacokinetic parameters after meropenem in patients with abdominal septic shock after gastrointestinal perforation, and to simulate the probability of different dosing regimens achieving different pharmacodynamic goals. The study included 12 patients, and utilized high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to monitor the plasma concentration of meropenem. The probability of target attainment (PTA) for different minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and %fT > 4MIC was compared among simulated dosing regimens. The results showed that in 96 blood samples from 12 patients, the clearance (CL) of meropenem in the normal and abnormal creatinine clearance subgroups were 7.7 ± 1.8 and 4.4 ± 1.1 L/h, respectively, and the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was 22.6 ± 5.1 and 17.2 ± 5.8 L, respectively. 2. Regardless of the subgroup, 0.5 g/q6h infusion over 6 h regimen achieved a PTA > 90% when MIC ≤ 0.5 mg/L. 1.0 g/q6h infusion regimen compared with other regimen, in most cases, the probability of making PTA > 90% is higher. For patients at low MIC, 0.5 g/q6h infusion over 6 h may be preferable. For patients at high MIC, a dose regimen of 1.0 g/q6 h infusion over 6 h may be preferable. Further research is needed to confirm this exploratory result.
Psychological implications of unemployment among higher educated migrant youth in Kolkata City, India
Authors: Biswas Mohai Menul , Das Kailas Chandra , Sheikh Illias 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMental health issues are intricately linked to socioeconomic background, employment and migration status. However, there remains a gap in understanding the mental health challenges faced by graduate youth in India, particularly in Kolkata City. This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among higher-educated migrant youth. A survey was conducted on four hundred migrant graduate youths aged 21–35 residing in Kolkata. Measures included socio-demographics and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with mental health issues. The overall prevalence rates were 54.4% for depression, 61.8% for anxiety, and 47.9% for stress. Unemployed youths exhibited significantly more symptoms of depression and anxiety than their employed counter parts. The logistic regression model showed that unemployed youth, female sex, never married, and second- and third-time migrant youths were risk factors for high scores on the DASS-21. This study showed that mental health issues were alarming in the higher educated migrant youth. The study suggests the implementation of skill-based, job-oriented, and professional courses at the graduation level to prevent graduates from being rendered unproductive and jobless. Beside these, regular psychological support should be provided to the higher educated youth by the local governments.
Statistical analysis of three data sources for Covid-19 monitoring in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Authors: Pilz Maximilian , Küfer Karl-Heinz , Mohring Jan , Münch Johanna , Wlazło Jarosław , Leithäuser Neele 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, a system of three data sources has been established to track the Covid-19 pandemic. These sources are the number of Covid-19-related hospitalizations, the Covid-19 genecopies in wastewater, and the prevalence derived from a cohort study. This paper presents an extensive comparison of these parameters. It is investigated whether wastewater data and a cohort study can be valid surrogate parameters for the number of hospitalizations and thus serve as predictors for coming Covid-19 waves. We observe that this is possible in general for the cohort study prevalence, while the wastewater data suffer from a too large variability to make quantitative predictions by a purely data-driven approach. However, the wastewater data and the cohort study prevalence are able to detect hospitalizations waves in a qualitative manner. Furthermore, a detailed comparison of different normalization techniques of wastewater data is provided.
Extreme-emission-line galaxies in the MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey
Authors: del Moral-Castro I. , Vílchez J. M. , Iglesias-Páramo J. , Arroyo-Polonio A. 
Published: May 2024

Aims. We aim to apply a methodology to build a sample of extreme-emission-line galaxies (EELGs) using integral field spectroscopy data. In this work, we followed the spectroscopic criteria corresponding to EELG selection and used the MUSE Hubble Ultra-Deep Field Survey, which includes the deepest spectroscopic survey ever performed.
Methods. Objects in the primary (extended) sample were detected requiring a rest-frame equivalent width of EWo ⩾300 Å (200 Å ≤ EWo ≤ 300 Å) in any of the emission lines of [O II]λλ3726, 7329, [O III]λλ5007, 4959, or Hα. A detailed closer inspection of the spectra of the candidates selected has been performed on a one-by-one basis in order to confirm their classification. For this sample, the line fluxes, physical properties, and chemical abundances of the EELGs have been derived, as well as their spatially resolved structure and kinematics.
Results. Four (five) of the galaxies in the primary (extended) sample, ~57% (~83%), were spatially resolved. Three (none) of them present a clear pattern compatible with rotation. We show how our entire EELG sample shares the same loci defined by high-redshift galaxies (ɀ ≈ 6–8) for the mass-metallicity relation, illustrating their role as local analogs.
Solar prominence diagnostics and their associated estimated errors from 1D NLTE Mg II h&k modelling
Authors: Peat A. W. , Labrosse N. , Barczynski K. , Schmieder B. 
Published: May 2024

Aims. We present further development of the rolling root mean square (rRMS) algorithm. These improvements consist of an increase in computational speed and an estimation of the uncertainty on the recovered diagnostics. This improved algorithm is named the cross root mean square (xRMS) algorithm.
Methods. We used the quantile method to recover the statistics of the line profiles in order to study the evolution of the prominence observed by IRIS on 1 October 2019. We then introduced the improvements to rRMS. These improvements greatly increased the computational speed, and this increase in speed allowed us to use a large model grid. Thus, we utilised a grid of 23 940 models to recover the thermodynamic diagnostics. We used the “good” (but not “best”) fitting models to recover an estimate of the uncertainty on the recovered diagnostics.
Results. The maximum line-of-sight (LOS) velocities were found to be 70 km s−1. The line widths were mostly 0.4 Å, with the asymmetries of most pixels around zero. The central temperature of the prominence was found to range from 10 kK to 20 kK, with uncertainties of approximately ±5 to ±15 kK. The central pressure was around 0.2 dyn cm−2, with uncertainties of ±0.2 to ±0.3 dyn cm−2. The ionisation degree ranged from 1 to 1000, with uncertainties mostly in the range ±10 to ±100. The electron density was mostly 1010 cm−3, with uncertainties of mostly ±109.
Conclusions. The new xRMS algorithm finds an estimation of the errors of the recovered thermodynamic properties. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt at systematically determining the errors from forward modelling. The large range of errors found may hint at the degeneracies present when using a single ion and/or species from forward modelling. In the future, co-aligned observations of more than one ion and/or species should be used to attempt to constrain this problem.
Excitation mechanisms of C II optical permitted lines in ionized nebulae
Authors: Reyes-Rodríguez E. , Méndez-Delgado J. E. , García-Rojas J. , Binette L. , Nemer A. , Esteban C. , Kreckel K. 
Published: May 2024

Context. Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe and its distribution is critical to understanding stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis. In optical studies of ionized nebulae, the only way to determine the C/H abundance is by using faint C II recombination lines (RLs). However, these lines give systematically higher abundances than their collisionally excited counterparts, observable at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths. Therefore, a proper understanding of the excitation mechanisms of the faint permitted lines is crucial for addressing this long-standing abundance discrepancy (AD) problem.
Aims. In this study, we investigate the excitation mechanisms of C II lines λλ3918, 3920, 4267, 5342, 6151, 6462, 7231, 7236, 7237, and 9903.
Methods. We use the DEep Spectra of Ionized REgions Database (DESIRED) that contains spectra of H II regions, planetary nebulae and other objects to analyze the fluorescence contributions to these lines and the accuracy of the atomic recombination data used to model the C+ ion.
Results. We find that C II λλ4267, 5342, 6151, 6462, and 9903 arise exclusively from recombinations with no fluorescent contributions. In addition, the recombination theory for these lines is consistent with the observations. Our findings show that the AD problem for C2+ is not due to fluorescence in the widely used C II lines or errors in their atomic parameters, but to other phenomena such as temperature variations or chemical inhomogeneities. On the other hand, C II λλ3918, 3920, 6578, 7231, 7236, 7237 have important fluorescent contributions, which are inadvisable for tracing the C2+ abundances. We also discuss the effects of possible inconsistencies in the atomic effective recombination coefficients of C II λλ6578, 7231, 7236, and 7237.
Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) observables of simulated plasmoid-mediated reconnection in the solar corona
Authors: Færder Ø. H. , Nóbrega-Siverio D. , Carlsson M. , Martínez-Sykora J. 
Published: May 2024

Context. Understanding the role of magnetic reconnection in the heating and dynamics of the solar atmosphere requires detailed observational data of any observable aspect of the reconnection process, including small-scale features such as plasmoids.
Aims. Here, we examine the capability of active and upcoming instruments to detect plasmoids generated by reconnection in the corona including low-density regimes.
Methods. We used the Bifrost code to perform simulations of plasmoid-mediated reconnection in the corona with a 2D idealized setup: a fan-spine topology with uniform density including thermal conduction. Through a forward-modeling of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) observables, we checked whether our simulated plasmoids could be detected with the instruments of Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Solar Orbiter (SO), as well as the upcoming Multi-Slit Solar Explorer (MUSE) and Solar-C missions.
Results. Short-lived (∼10 − 20 s) small-scale (∼0.2 − 0.5 Mm) coronal plasmoids are not resolvable with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board SDO. In contrast, they could be captured with the EUV High-Resolution Imager at the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI-HRIEUV) of SO. The spatial and temporal high-resolution planned for the MUSE spectrograph (SG) is adequate to obtain full spectral information of these plasmoids. To achieve a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) for ∼0.8 MK plasmoids in the MUSE/SG 171 Å channel, full-raster images are attainable for regions with electron densities above 109 cm−3, while sit-and-stare observations are recommended for lower-density regions. The future Solar-C mission could also capture these coronal plasmoids using the EUV High-Throughput Spectroscopic Telescope (EUVST), considering rapid changes in Doppler shift and line widths in different EUV lines caused by plasmoid motions along the current sheet.
Conclusions. With the combined spectra of MUSE/SG and Solar-C/EUVST in multiple emission lines, along with high-resolution images from SO/EUI-HRIEUV and MUSE/CI, it should be possible to gain new insights about plasmoid formation in the corona.
Characterization of carbon dioxide on Ganymede and Europa supported by experiments: Effects of temperature, porosity, and mixing with water
Authors: Schiltz L. , Escribano B. , Muñoz Caro G. M. , Cazaux S. , del Burgo Olivares C. , Carrascosa H. , Boszhuizen I. , González Díaz C. , Chen Y.-J. , Giuliano B. M. , Caselli P. 
Published: May 2024

Context. The surfaces of icy moons are primarily composed of water ice that can be mixed with other compounds, such as carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide (CO2) stretching fundamental band observed on Europa and Ganymede appears to be a combination of several bands that are shifting location from one moon to another.
Aims. We investigate the cause of the observed shift in the CO2 stretching absorption band experimentally. We also explore the spectral behaviour of CO2 ice by varying the temperature and concentration.
Methods. We analyzed pure CO2 ice and ice mixtures deposited at 10 K under ultra-high vacuum conditions using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments. Laboratory ice spectra were compared to JWST observation of Europa’s and Ganymede’s leading hemispheres. The simulated IR spectra were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) methods, exploring the effect of porosity in CO2 ice.
Results. Pure CO2 and CO2-water ice show distinct spectral changes and desorption behaviours at different temperatures, revealing intricate CO2 and H2O interactions. The number of discernible peaks increases from two in pure CO2 to three in CO2-water mixtures.
Conclusions. The different CO2 bands were assigned to ν̃3,1 (2351 cm−1, 4.25 μm) caused by CO2 dangling bonds (CO2 found in pores or cracks) and ν̃3,2 (2345 cm−1, 4.26 μm) due to CO2 segregated in water ice, whereas ν̃3,3 (2341 cm−1, 4.27 μm) is due to CO2 molecules embedded in water ice. The JWST NIRSpec CO2 spectra for Ganymede and for Europa can be fitted with two Gaussians attributed to ν̃3,1 and ν̃3,3. For Europa, ν̃3,1 is located at lower wavelengths due to a lower temperature. The Ganymede data reveal latitudinal variations in CO2 bands, with ν̃3,3 dominating in the pole and ν̃3,1 prevalent in other regions. This shows that CO2 is embedded in water ice at the poles and it is present in pores or cracks in other regions. Ganymede longitudinal spectra reveal an increase of the CO2
ν̃3,1 band throughout the day, possibly due to ice cracks or pores caused by large temperature fluctuations.