bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the viral G protein‐coupled receptor encoded by human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV‐8)
Authors: Couty Jean‐Pierre , Gershengorn Marvin C 
Published: January 2012

Summry— HHV‐8‐GPCR is a chemokine‐like receptor encoded by KSHV, the etiologic agent of KS. HHV‐8‐GPCR is constitutively active. Although it is homologous to mammalian CXCR2, it binds CXC and CC chemokines. Structure‐function analysis showed that chemokines bind primarily to the amino terminus whereas signaling occurs in the absence of: the amino terminus, which is, therefore, not a tethered agonist. In in vitro systems, HHV‐8‐GPCR signals via multiple transduction pathways including, activation of phospholipase C and PKC, inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, activation of nuclear factor‐κB; activation PI 3‐kinase, p42/44 MAPK and Akt/PKB, and activation of JNK/SAPK, p38 MAPK and RAFTK. HHV‐8‐GPCR is important in the HHV‐8 life cycle because HHV‐8‐GPCR‐deficient viruses do not replicate in response to chemokines and exhibit, less efficient reactivation from latency. Although the role of HHV‐8‐GPCR in the pathogenesis of KS has not been defined, expression of HHV‐8‐GPCR resulted in the development of angioproliferative, KS‐like tumors in transgenic mice. As endothelial cells may be targets of HHV‐8 infection, HHV‐8‐GPCR has been studied in endothelial cells in vitro in which it affects cell adhesion and migration, increases cell survival, and stimulates secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and proangiogenic factors. Based on these findings and the observation that HHV‐8‐GPCR is expressed in only a few endothelial‐ like “spindle cells” within KS lesions, we propose that HHV‐8—GPCR is involved in KS pathogenesis by stimulating secretion of proinflammatory/proangiogenic factors that act in a paracrine fashion to cause tumorigenesis.
HIV shedding in the oral cavity: an assessment of HIV type, immunovirologic, demographic and oral factors
Authors: Pavlinac Patricia B , Hawes Stephen E , Gottlieb Geoffrey S , Gaye Awa , N'Diaye Charlotte F , Critchlow Cathy W , Sow Papa Salif , Feng Qinghua , Kiviat Nancy B 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveTo quantify the prevalence and burden of HIV type 2 (HIV-2) and HIV-1 RNA in the oral cavity of antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-infected Senegalese individuals and to identify correlates of oral HIV viral loads.DesignA cross-sectional study of 163 HIV-1 and 27 HIV-2-infected antiretroviral therapy-naive Senegalese adults.MethodsParticipants received clinical and oral exams and provided blood and oral wash samples for viral load and plasma CD4 count ascertainment. Logistic and interval regression models were used to identify univariate and multivariable associations between presence and level of oral HIV RNA and various immunovirologic, local and demographic factors.ResultsPresence of detectable oral HIV RNA was less common in HIV-2-infected compared with HIV-1-infected study participants (33% vs 67%, OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.59). HIV type was no longer associated with oral shedding of HIV when plasma viral load was considered. Detection of oral HIV RNA was associated with increased plasma viral load in both HIV-1-infected and HIV-2-infected individuals (HIV-1, OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.61; HIV-2, OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.39). Oral HIV-1 detection was also associated with periodontal disease (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.16 to 7.87).ConclusionsOral shedding of HIV-2 RNA is less common than HIV-1 RNA, a likely consequence of lower overall viral burden. Both systemic and local factors may contribute to shedding of HIV in the oral cavity.
Incarceration, high-risk sexual partnerships and sexually transmitted infections in an urban population
Authors: Rogers Susan M , Khan Maria R , Tan Sylvia , Turner Charles F , Miller William C , Erbelding Emily 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesThe authors examined the associations between personal and partner incarceration, high-risk sexual partnerships and biologically confirmed sexually transmitted infection (STI) in a US urban population.MethodsData from a probability survey of young adults 15–35 years of age in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, were analysed to assess the prevalence of personal and partner incarceration and its association with several measures of high-risk sexual partnerships including multiple partners, partner concurrency and current STI.ResultsA history of incarceration was common (24.1% among men and 11.3% among women). Among women with an incarcerated partner in the past year (15.3%), the risk of current STI was significantly increased (adjusted prevalence ratio=2.3, 95% CI 1.5 to 3.5). Multiple partners (5+) in the past year and partner concurrency were disproportionately high among men and women who had been incarcerated or who had sexual partner(s) or who had recently been incarcerated. These associations remained robust independent of personal socio-demographic factors and illicit drug use.ConclusionsIncarceration may contribute to STI risk by influencing engagement in high-risk behaviours and by influencing contact with partners who engage in risky behaviours and who hence have elevated risk of infection.
Theoretical Description of Substituent Effects in 2,4-Pentanedione: AIM, NBO, and NMR Study
Authors: Raissi Heidar , Yoosefian Mehdi , Hajizadeh Ahmad , Imampour Jalal shakhs , Karimi Mohammad , Farzad Farzaneh 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The intramolecular hydrogen bond, molecular structure, and vibrational frequencies of 2,4-pentanedione and its seventeen derivatives have been investigated by means of density functional (DFT) method with 6-311++G** basis set. The nature of these interactions, known as resonance-assisted hydrogen bonds, has been discussed. The topological properties of the electron density distributions for O–H···O intramolecular bridges have been analyzed in terms of the Bader theory of atoms in molecules (AIM). The results of calculations show that the Q-parameter describing the degree of π-electron delocalization within the O=C–C=C–O–H keto–enol group correlates with the strength of the H-bond. Correlations between the H-bond strength and topological parameters have been also studied. Natural population analysis data, the electron density and Laplacian properties, as well as, ν(O–H) and γ(O–H) have been used to evaluate the hydrogen-bonding interactions. Furthermore, calculated 1H NMR chemical shifts (δH) correlate well with the hydrogen-bond distance as well as electron density at the bond and ring critical points in the molecular electron density topography.
Structure and Properties of High Performance Gels Made by Module Assembling Method
Authors: Shibayama Mitsuhiro , Asai Hanako , Fujii Kenta , Akagi Yuki , Sakai Takamasa 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTHigh performance polymer network gels consisting of tetra-arm poly(ethyleneglycol) (Tetra-PEG) gels were fabricated via a module assembling method and their mechanical properties and structure were investigated by stretching and compression measurements, dynamic mechanical measurements, and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). It was found that Tetra-PEG gels are nearly-ideal polymer network with negligible fractions of defects and entanglements. SANS intensity functions indicated that the network structure was uniform free from spatial inhomogeneities. It is deduced that this uniform structure is ascribed to its unique preparation method, i.e., module assembling method (cross-end-coupling of tetra-functional macromers with complementary functional groups). Characteristic properties originated from the near-ideality as polymer networks are demonstrated, including its application to ion gels, i.e., polymer network in ionic liquid.
Substrate and film structure impacts on adhesion properties between lignocellulosic polymers
Authors: Estephan Elias , Aguié-Béghin Véronique , Muraille Loïc , Molinari Michael 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTUsing AFM, ellipsometric and profilometric measurements, we have investigated the topography and the thickness of the cellulose nanocristal (NCC) films prepared by two different methods: the first one is obtained by evaporation of concentrated suspension of NCC in petri-dish to produce a self-supported film; the second one is produced by dipping thin NCC layer on silicon substrate by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Glucomanan (GM) functionalized AFM tip was brought into contact with these two kinds of NCC films in order to measure the adhesion between GM and NCC. The impact of the substrate and the thickness of NCC films on the measured adhesion forces were also studied: the mean measured adhesion force between the two polysaccharides was 17 nN regardless of the way the films were prepared. Adhesion properties can help us understand biochemical processes in the plant cell wall.
Photovoltaics Informatics: Harnessing Energy Science via Data-driven Approaches
Authors: Suh Changwon , Munch Kristin , Biagioni David , Glynn Stephen , Scharf John , Contreras Miguel A. , Perkins John D. , Nelson Brent P. , Jones Wesley B. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTWe discuss our current research focus on photovoltaic (PV) informatics, which is dedicated to functionality enhancement of solar materials through data management and data mining-aided, integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) for rapid screening and identification of multi-scale processing/structure/property/performance relationships. Our current PV informatics research ranges from transparent conducting oxides (TCO) to solar absorber materials. As a test bed, we report on examples of our current data management system for PV research and advanced data mining to improve the performance of solar cells such as CuInxGa1-xSe2 (CIGS) aiming at low-cost and high-rate processes. For the PV data management, we show recent developments of a strategy for data modeling, collection and aggregation methods, and construction of data interfaces, which enable proper archiving and data handling for data mining. For scientific data mining, the value of high-dimensional visualizations and non-linear dimensionality reduction is demonstrated to quantitatively assess how process conditions or properties are interconnected in the context of the development of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films as the TCO layers for CIGS devices. Such relationships between processing and property of TCOs lead to optimal process design toward enhanced performance of CIGS cells/devices.
Sustained Protection for Transparent Electrodes in Touch Panels and Smart Windows: Template Assisted Encapsulation of Fluorinated Silanes in Sol-Gel Silica Films for Sustained Hydrophobic-Oleophobic Functionality
Authors: Kessman Aaron J. , DeFusco Elizabeth E. , Hoover Andrew W. , Sierros Konstantinos A. , Cairns Darran R. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTHydrophobic-oleophobic coatings are often used to provide the transparent electrodes in devices like touch panels and smart windows with protection from fingerprints and other contaminants which may degrade electronic and optical performance. Conventional fluorosilane monolayers or co-condensed films are often surface-enriched with fluorinated moieties due to the thermodynamic drive of these components to migrate to low-surface energy interfaces. Consequently, these conventional coatings may be strongly non-wetting and have low-surface energy when pristine, but upon wear and exposure of the bulk subsurface regions, the films are much less functional. This work explores the use of surfactant templated sol-gel silica films as scaffolds for encapsulating surface-segregating functional organic moieties as a mesoscopically dispersed phase with the goal of imparting sustained functionality. The results show that surfactant template concentration may be used to tune the dispersion of the fluorosilane-rich phase within the silica film in order to allow worn and exposed internal surfaces to maintain much of the original functionality of the pristine top surface.
Stridulation byJadera haematoloma(Hemiptera: Rhopalidae): Production Mechanism and Associated Behaviors
Authors: Zych Ariel F , Mankin R W , Gillooly James F , Foreman Everett 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe Hemiptera displays a notable diversity of vibratory communication signals across its various families. Here we describe the substrate and airborne vibrations (sounds), the mechanism of production, and associated behaviors of Jadera haematoloma Herrich-Schaeffer, a member of the family Rhopalidae. Adult males and females both produce short, stereotyped sound bursts by anterior-posterior movement of abdominal tergites I and II against a stridulitrum located on the ventral surface of the metathoracic wing. Sound bursts are produced by a single adult male or female when physically touched by another adult, and are strongly associated with being crawled on by the approaching individual, but are not produced in response to contact with other arthropods or when pinched with forceps. The propensity to produce sounds when crawled upon decreases during the mating season. These sound bursts by J. haematoloma likely are communication signals. Rhopalidae has been significantly absent from the vibratory communication literature until now. Although the sounds are produced using a mechanism common to vibratory communication systems in closely related Heteropteran Hemiptera, the sounds in these other species function primarily in courtship or in mother-daughter interactions, which suggests that the functions of stridulation and the behavioral contexts have diversified in the Heteroptera.
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Necrophagous Beetles (Coleoptera: Dermestidae, Silphidae) Assemblages in Natural Habitats of Central Spain
Authors: Martín-Vega Daniel , Baz Arturo 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The composition, spatial distribution, and seasonal fluctuations of necrophagous Coleoptera assemblages of families Dermestidae and Silphidae are studied along a bioclimatical level gradient of natural habitats in central Spain. Both families were collected with carrion-baited traps throughout a year. The main part of the individuals occurred in spring and summer, but silphids showed different seasonal patterns depending on the bioclimatical level. The assemblage composition also differs depending on the bioclimatical level with two distinguishable groups: one corresponding to mesomediterranean habitats and the other to supramediterranean and oromediterranean habitats. The most abundant species of Dermestidae are well represented at every bioclimatical level, whereas some species of Silphidae appear to have a preference for some habitats. Such differences in spatial and temporal patterns between both families could be because of their different food and carcass size preferences.
Cognitive Processes inVespula germanicaWasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) When Relocating a Food Source
Authors: Moreyra Sabrina , D'Adamo Paola , Lozada Mariana 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe German yellowjacket Vespula germanica (F.) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), an invasive wasp, is a highly efficient forager. We studied wasp cognitive ability while varying landmark disposition and cue conspicuity. Learning flights were used as an indicator of forager cognition while relocating a food source. We recorded the number of learning flights (circling above the food location) performed after each visit by each wasp. We studied the effect of modifying a learned location and analyzed how the addition of conspicuous cues affected wasp learning. Cognitive ability also was studied in relation to food manipulation efficiency, i.e., the time taken to extract a piece of meat and fly away. We found that one feeding visit was sufficient for wasps to learn relevant cues associated with a rewarded location, as shown by the reduction of learning flights after just one experience. Moreover, wasps reached asymptotic levels in food manipulation after only one feeding visit. The introduction of a contextual change, such as moving the food location a few centimeters from the original feeding site, affected returning foragers, who increased the number of learning flights when leaving the array. Interestingly, enriched contexts with conspicuous cues seemed to facilitate wasp cognition as they performed fewer learning flights than in nonenriched ones. Learning flights seem to be a good cognitive indicator, reflecting wasp experience with a certain context, thus revealing their sensitivity to landmark cue conspicuity. This study highlights the cognitive capacities of V. germanica foragers.
Biological Characteristics and Thermal Requirements of the Biological Control Agent Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) Reared on Eggs of Different Species of the Genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Pomari Aline Farhat , Bueno Adeney De Freitas , De Freitas Bueno Regiane Cristina Oliveira , De Oliveira Menezes Junior Ayres 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The biological characteristics of Telenomus remus Nixon, 1937 (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) on eggs of Spodoptera albula (Walker, 1857); S. cosmioides Walker 1858, S. eridania (Cramer, 1782); and S. frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were evaluated under different temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 34°C ± 1°C). The duration of the T. remus egg-to-adult period on eggs of all four Spodoptera species and the longevity of adults of T. remus were both inversely proportional to the increase in temperature. Parasitoid emergence was higher than 80% at temperatures from 19 to 28°C when the parasitoid was reared on eggs of S. eridania and S. frugiperda. Differently, when the parasitoid was reared on eggs of S. albula and S. cosmioides, T. remus emergence at rates of 80% or higher just occurred from 22 to 25°C and at 22°C, respectively. At 34°C, this parameter was lower than 30% for T. remus reared in all hosts. The sex ratio was 64–86% females, except for T. remus in S. cosmioides eggs at 34°C, in which temperature it was 39%. The estimated thermal requirements of T. remus, for the thermal constant (K) and the base temperature (Tbase), were: 125.39 DD and 15.139°C; 125.56 DD and 14.912°C; 142.98 DD and 14.197°C; and 149.16 DD and 13.846°C, for S. cosmioides, S. frugiperda, S. albula, and S. eridania, respectively. In general, T. remus showed good parasitism potential on all the hosts, although eggs of S. frugiperda, S. eridania, and S. albula proved to be the most suitable for mass rearing of T. remus in the laboratory. Eggs of S. cosmioides are less suitable because of the lower parasitoid emergence observed at most of the temperatures with exception of 22°C.
Redefinition and Four New Species ofYavannaSzeptycki and Comparison withNosekiellaRusek (Protura: Acerentomidae: Nipponentominae)
Authors: Shrubovych Julia , Rusek Josef , Bernard Ernest C 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGeneric redefinitions of Yavanna Szeptycki and Nosekiella Rusek based on type species are presented. Four new species of Yavanna are described: Yavanna baikalica n. sp., Yavanna chimitovae n. sp., Yavanna babenkoi n. sp., and Yavanna stebaevae n. sp. from Siberia. Nosekiella danica (Tuxen) is redescribed, and Nosekiella behanae Nosek and Nosekiella sinensis Bu & Yin are transferred to Yavanna. A key to the Nosekiella group of genera is provided, as well as a key to the known Yavanna spp.
Feeding Damage from Cotton Aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aphididae), in Cotton with Colored Fiber Intercropped with Fennel
Authors: Ramalho F S , Fernandes F S , Nascimento A R B , Júnior J L Nascimento , Malaquias J B , Silva CAD 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Intercropping is a traditional agronomic practice, and when properly managed, it can significantly contribute to pest control. The current study investigates the severity of plant damage related to infestation by the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aphididae) and its predation by spotless ladybird beetle, Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and parasitism by Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) in sole cotton plots and in plots of cotton intercropped with fennel. Cotton aphid populations were significantly higher in sole cotton plots than in intercropping plots for plots that were not treated with insecticide. The percentages of losses in cotton seed yield were higher in the sole cotton plots than in the four intercropping systems (one row of cotton for two rows of fennel, one row of cotton for three rows of fennel, two rows of cotton for one row of fennel, and three rows of cotton for two rows of fennel). The losses in cotton seed yield were significantly lower in the intercropping system with three rows of cotton interspersed with two rows of fennel than in the other intercropping systems. Spotless ladybird beetle and green lacewing densities were significantly higher in the intercropping system with three rows of cotton interspersed with two rows of fennel than in the other intercropping systems. These results are of practical significance in designing appropriate strategies for cotton aphid control in cotton-fennel intercropping systems.
Value of Nymphal Morphology in Determining Identity of Pregenital and Genital Segments in AdultCorimelaena incognita(Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Thyreocoridae)
Authors: McPherson J E , Bundy C S , Sweet M H 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThere has been disagreement concerning the number and identity of the abdominal segments involved in the development of the genitalia and, therefore, pregenitalia of the Hemiptera. Although these studies have been conducted during the past two centuries, they have involved only adults. Here we present the results of our study of the nymphs of Corimelaena incognita (McAtee and Malloch) in which we trace the development of the abdomen through the five instars into the adult and determine the number of segments involved in genitalic development. The total number of spiracles (seven) and location of each spiracle (i.e., below or within the lateral carina) were important in this determination. We conclude that the genitalia begin with segment 9 in the male (pygophore) and segment 8 (gonocoxae 1) in the female.
First Estimate of the Intrinsic Rate of Increase of a Millipede:Polydesmus angustus(Polydesmida: Polydesmidae) in a Seasonal Environment
Authors: David Jean-Francois 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAlthough dramatic millipede outbreaks have been reported worldwide, there is no data available on the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of these arthropods. This parameter was estimated in the west-European millipede Polydesmus angustus Latzel, a seasonally-breeding species with mixed 1-yr and 2-yr life cycles within populations. Individuals from 20 broods were reared throughout their life cycle under seasonal conditions simulated in the laboratory (monthly mean temperatures and naturally varying photoperiods), to determine age-specific survival and fertility in annual (1-yr life cycle) and biennial (2-yr life cycle) females. The finite rate of increase (λm) was calculated using a periodic matrix model and rm was found to be 5.85 per year. This estimate suggests that outbreaks of annual polydesmidan species in greenhouses or under favorable field conditions can be generated by a small number of fertilized females in 2 yr. The relevance of seasonal conditions to measure rm per year in long-lived arthropod species that breed seasonally is emphasized. Estimates such as that obtained in P. angustus integrate most seasonal adaptations of the species and are ecologically plausible in the absence of extrinsic sources of mortality. Finally, the results show that biennial females represent a very small proportion of individuals in the stable population structure, but analysis of short-term dynamics indicates that they may be more successful as colonists than annual females.