bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in driving ability and their relationship with morphometric magnetic resonance imaging indicators in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wakita Hideaki , Takahashi Yu , Masuzugawa Satoshi , Miyasaka Hiroyuki , Sonoda Shigeru , Shindo Akihiro , Tomimoto Hidekazu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDrivers with dementia are at a higher risk of motor vehicle accidents. The characteristics of driving behaviour of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not been fully elucidated. We investigated driving ability and its relationship with cognitive function and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometry indicators.MethodsThe driving abilities of 19 patients with AD and 11 with amnestic MCI (aMCI) were evaluated using a driving simulator. The association between each driving ability parameter and the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score or voxel‐based specific regional analysis system for AD (VSRAD) was assessed.ResultsPatients with AD made a significantly higher number of operational errors than those with aMCI in attention allocation in the complex task test (P = 0.0008). The number of operational errors in attention allocation in the complex task test significantly and negatively correlated with MMSE scores in all participants (r = −0.4354, P = 0.0162). The decision time in the selective reaction test significantly and positively correlated with the severity and extent of medial temporal structural atrophy (r = 0.4807, P = 0.0372; r = 0.4862, P = 0.0348; respectively).ConclusionAn increase in the operational errors for attention allocation in the complex task test could be a potential indicator of progression from aMCI to AD. Atrophy of the medial temporal structures could be a potential predictor of impaired judgement in driving performance in aMCI and AD. A driving simulator could be useful for evaluating the driving abilities of individuals with aMCI and AD.
Bounding toric singularities with normalized volume
Authors: Moraga Joaquín , Süß Hendrik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study the normalized volume of toric singularities. As it turns out, there is a close relation to the notion of (nonsymmetric) Mahler volume from convex geometry. This observation allows us to use standard tools from convex geometry, such as the Blaschke–Santaló inequality and Radon's theorem to prove nontrivial facts about the normalized volume in the toric setting. For example, we prove that for every there are only finitely many ‐Gorenstein toric singularities with normalized volume at least . From this result it directly follows that there are also only finitely many toric Sasaki–Einstein manifolds of volume at least in each dimension. Additionally, we show that the normalized volume of every toric singularity is bounded from above by that of the rational double point of the same dimension. Finally, we discuss certain bounds of the normalized volume in terms of topological invariants of resolutions of the singularity. We establish two upper bounds in terms of the Euler characteristic and of the first Chern class, respectively. We show that a lower bound, which was conjectured earlier by He, Seong, and Yau, is closely related to the nonsymmetric Mahler conjecture in convex geometry.
A pairwise approach to revitalize β-lactams for the treatment of TB
Authors: Negatu Dereje A. , Aragaw Wassihun Wedajo , Dartois Véronique , Dick Thomas 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

The dual β-lactam approach has been successfully applied to overcome target redundancy in nontuberculous mycobacteria. Surprisingly, this approach has not been leveraged for
Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
despite the high conservation of peptidoglycan synthesis. Through a comprehensive screen of oral β-lactam pairs, we have discovered that cefuroxime strongly potentiates the bactericidal activity of tebipenem and sulopenem—advanced clinical candidates—and amoxicillin, at concentrations achieved clinically. β-lactam pairs thus have the potential to reduce TB treatment duration.
Novel insights into the host cell glycan binding profile of human metapneumovirus
Authors: Van Den Bergh Annelies , Bailly Benjamin , Guillon Patrice , von Itzstein Mark , Dirr Larissa 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Numerous viruses have been found to exploit glycoconjugates expressed on human cells as their initial attachment factor for viral entry and infection. The virus-cell glycointeractome, when characterized, may serve as a template for antiviral drug design. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans extensively decorate the human cell surface and were previously described as a primary receptor for human metapneumovirus (HMPV). After respiratory syncytial virus, HMPV is the second most prevalent respiratory pathogen causing respiratory tract infection in young children. To date, there is neither vaccine nor drug available to prevent or treat HMPV infection. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we report for the first time the glycointeractome of the HMPV fusion (F) protein, a viral surface glycoprotein that is essential for target-cell recognition, attachment, and entry. Our glycan microarray and surface plasmon resonance results suggest that Galβ1-3/4GlcNAc moieties that may be sialylated or fucosylated are readily recognized by HMPV F. The bound motifs are highly similar to the
N
-linked and
O-
linked glycans primarily expressed on the human lung epithelium. We demonstrate that the identified glycans have the potential to compete with the cellular receptors used for HMPV entry and consequently block HMPV infection. We found that lacto-
N
-neotetraose demonstrated the strongest HMPV binding inhibition in a cell infection assay. Our current findings offer an encouraging and novel avenue for the design of anti-HMPV drug candidates using oligosaccharide templates.

IMPORTANCE
All cells are decorated with a dense coat of sugars that makes a sugar code. Many respiratory viruses exploit this sugar code by binding to these sugars to cause infection. Human metapneumovirus is a leading cause for acute respiratory tract infections. Despite its medical importance, there is no vaccine or antiviral drug available to prevent or treat human metapneumovirus infection. This study investigates how human metapneumovirus binds to sugars in order to more efficiently infect the human host. We found that human metapneumovirus binds to a diverse range of sugars and demonstrated that these sugars can ultimately block viral infection. Understanding how viruses can take advantage of the sugar code on our cells could identify new intervention and treatment strategies to combat viral disease.
Comorbidity and multimorbidity in patients with cirrhosis, hospitalised in an internal medicine ward: a monocentric, cross-sectional study
Authors: Lenti Marco Vincenzo , Ballesio Alessia , Croce Gabriele , Brera Alice Silvia , Padovini Lucia , Bertolino Giampiera , Di Sabatino Antonio , Klersy Catherine , Corazza Gino Roberto 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThere are no data regarding the prevalence of comorbidity (ie, additional conditions in reference to an index disease) and multimorbidity (ie, co-occurrence of multiple diseases in which no one holds priority) in patients with liver cirrhosis. We sought to determine the rate and differences between comorbidity and multimorbidity depending on the aetiology of cirrhosis.DesignThis is a subanalysis of the San MAtteo Complexity (SMAC) study. We have analysed demographic, clinical characteristics and rate of comorbidity/multimorbidity of patients with liver cirrhosis depending on the aetiology—alcoholic, infectious and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A multivariable analysis for factors associated with multimorbidity was fitted.SettingSingle-centre, cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary referral, academic, internal medicine ward in northern Italy (November 2017–November 2019).ParticipantsData from 1433 patients previously enrolled in the SMAC study were assessed; only those with liver cirrhosis were eventually included.ResultsOf the 1433 patients, 172 (median age 79 years, IQR 67–84; 83 females) had liver cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis displayed higher median Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) comorbidity (4, IQR 3–5; p=0.01) and severity (1.85, IQR 16.–2.0; p<0.001) indexes and lower educational level (103, 59.9%; p=0.003). Patients with alcohol cirrhosis were significantly younger (median 65 years, IQR 56–79) than patients with cirrhosis of other aetiologies (p<0.001) and more commonly males (25, 75.8%). Comorbidity was more prevalent in patients with alcohol cirrhosis (13, 39.4%) and multimorbidity was more prevalent in viral (64, 81.0%) and NAFLD (52, 86.7%) cirrhosis (p=0.015). In a multivariable model for factors associated with multimorbidity, a CIRS comorbidity index >3 (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.14 to 6.93, p=0.024) and admission related to cirrhosis (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.54, p=0.002) were the only significant associations.ConclusionsComorbidity is more common in alcohol cirrhosis compared with other aetiologies in a hospital, internal medicine setting.
Determinants of unmet need for modern contraceptives in Ethiopia
Authors: Gebrekidan Hailay , Alemayehu Mussie , Debelew Gurmesa Tura 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo identify the determinants of the unmet need for modern contraceptives in Ethiopia.DesignCommunity-based cross-sectional study.SettingEthiopia.ParticipantsA group of 6636 women of reproductive age (15–49 years) who were sexually active were included in the study.OutcomeUnmet need for modern contraceptivesMethodThe study used data from the 2019 Performance Monitoring for Action-Ethiopia survey, which was community-based and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of women aged 15–49 from households randomly selected to be nationally representative. Multinomial logistic regression and spatial analysis were performed to determine the factors influencing unmet needs for modern contraceptives. The descriptive analysis incorporated svy commands to account for clustering.ResultsThe proportion of unmet need for modern contraceptives was 19.7% (95% CI: 18% to 21.5%). Women with supportive norms towards family planning had a lower risk of unmet need for spacing (relative risk ratio (RRR)=0.92, 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.99). Older age lowered the risk of unmet need for spacing 40–44 (RRR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.59) and 45–49 (RRR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.31). Being married increased the unmet need for spacing (RRR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.36 to 2.7) and limiting (RRR=3.7, 95% CI: 1.86 to 7.4). Increasing parity increases the risk of unmet need for spacing (RRR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.38) and limiting (RRR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.4). Contrarily, older age increased the risk of unmet need for limiting 40–44 (RRR=10.2, 95% CI: 1.29 to 79.5), 45–49 (RRR=8.4, 95% CI: 1.03 to 67.4). A clustered spatial unmet need for modern contraceptives was observed (Global Moran’s I=0.715: Z-Score=3.8496, p<0.000118). The SaTScan identified 102 significant hotspot clusters located in Harari (relative risk (RR)=2.82, log-likelihood ratio (LLR)=28.2, p value<0.001), South Nations Nationalities and People, Oromia, Gambella and Addis Ababa (RR=1.33, LLR=15.6, p value<0.001).ConclusionsHigh levels of unmet need for modern contraceptives were observed in Ethiopia, showing geographical variations. It is essential to address the key factors affecting women and work towards reducing disparities in modern contraceptive unmet needs among different regions.
Shared decision-making for non-operative management versus operative management of hip fractures in selected frail older adults with a limited life expectancy: a protocol for a nationwide implementation study
Authors: Zeelenberg Miliaan L , Oosterwijk Paulieke C , Willems Hanna C , Gosens Taco , Den Hartog Dennis , Joosse Pieter , Loggers Sverre A I , Nijdam Thomas MP , Pel-Littel Ruth E , Polinder Suzanne , Schuijt Henk Jan , Wijnen Hugo H , Van der Velde Detlef , Van Lieshout Esther M M , Verhofstad Michael H J 
Published: May 2024

Background and purposeRecent research has highlighted non-operative management (NOM) as a viable alternative for frail older adults with hip fractures in the final phase of life. This study aims to guide Dutch physicians and hospitals nationwide in a standardised implementation of shared decision-making regarding surgery or NOM in selected frail older adults with a hip fracture.Methods and analysisThe patient population for implementation includes frail older adults aged ≥70 years with an acute proximal femoral fracture, nursing home care or a similar level of care elsewhere and at least one additional criterion (ie, malnutrition, severe mobility impairment or ASA≥4). The 2-year implementation study will be conducted in four phases. In phases 1 and 2, barriers and facilitators for implementation will be identified and an implementation protocol, educational materials and patient information will be developed. Phase 3 will involve an implementation pilot in 14 hospitals across the Netherlands. The protocol and educational material will be improved based on healthcare provider and patient experiences gathered through interviews. Phase 4 will focus on upscaling to nationwide implementation and the effect of the implementation on NOM rate will be measured using data from the Dutch Hip Fracture Audit.Ethics and disseminationThe study was exempted by the local Medical Research Ethics Committee (MEC-2023-0270, 10 May 2023) and Medical Ethics Committee United (W23.083, 26 April 2023). The study’s results will be submitted to an open access international peer-reviewed journal. Its protocols, tools and results will be presented at several national and international academic conferences of relevant orthogeriatric (scientific) associations.Trial registration numberNCT06079905.
Impact of a teaching hospital-based multidisciplinary telemedicine programme in Southwestern Colombia: a cross-sectional resource analysis
Authors: Prada Sergio Iván , Toro José Joaquín , Peña-Zárate Evelyn E , Libreros-Peña Laura , Alarcón Juliana , Escobar María Fernanda 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundTelemedicine, a method of healthcare service delivery bridging geographic distances between patients and providers, has gained prominence. This modality is particularly advantageous for outpatient consultations, addressing inherent barriers of travel time and cost.ObjectiveWe aim to describe economical outcomes towards the implementation of a multidisciplinary telemedicine service in a high-complexity hospital in Latin America, from the perspective of patients.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted, analysing the institutional data obtained over a period of 9 months, between April 2020 and December 2020.SettingA high-complexity teaching hospital located in Cali, Colombia.ParticipantsIndividuals who received care via telemedicine. The population was categorised into three groups based on their place of residence: Cali, Valle del Cauca excluding Cali and Outside of Valle del Cauca.Outcome measuresTravel distance, time, fuel and public round-trip cost savings, and potential loss of productivity were estimated from the patient’s perspective.ResultsA total of 62 258 teleconsultations were analysed. Telemedicine led to a total distance savings of 4 514 903 km, and 132 886 hours. The estimated cost savings were US$680 822 for private transportation and US$1 087 821 for public transportation. Patients in the Outside of Valle del Cauca group experienced an estimated average time savings of 21.2 hours, translating to an average fuel savings of US$149.02 or an average savings of US$156.62 in public transportation costs. Areas with exclusive air access achieved a mean cost savings of US$362.9 per teleconsultation, specifically related to transportation costs.ConclusionTelemedicine emerges as a powerful tool for achieving substantial travel savings for patients, especially in regions confronting geographical and socioeconomic obstacles. These findings underscore the potential of telemedicine to bridge healthcare accessibility gaps in low-income and middle-income countries, calling for further investment and expansion of telemedicine services in such areas.
Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of ketamine versus ketamine and behavioural activation therapy for adults with treatment-resistant depression in the community
Authors: Beaglehole Ben , Porter Richard , Douglas Katie , Lacey Cameron James , de Bie Aroha , Jordan Jennifer , Mentzel Charlie , Thwaites Bridgette , Manuel Jenni , Murray Greg , Frampton Christopher , Glue Paul 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionAlthough short-term benefits follow parenteral ketamine for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TR-MDD), there are challenges that prevent routine use of ketamine by clinicians. These include acute dissociative effects of parenteral ketamine, high relapse rates following ketamine dosing and the uncertain role of psychotherapy. This randomised controlled trial (RCT) seeks to establish the feasibility of evaluating repeated oral doses of ketamine and behavioural activation therapy (BAT), compared with ketamine treatment alone, for TR-MDD. We also aim to compare relapse rates between treatment arms to determine the effect size of adding BAT to oral ketamine.Methods and analysisThis is a prospectively registered, two-centre, single-blind RCT. We aim to recruit 60 participants with TR-MDD aged between 18 and 65 years. Participants will be randomised to 8 weeks of oral ketamine and BAT, or 8 weeks of oral ketamine alone. Feasibility will be assessed by tracking attendance for ketamine and BAT, acceptability of treatment measures and retention to the study follow-up protocol. The primary efficacy outcome measure is the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) measured weekly during treatment and fortnightly during 12 weeks of follow-up. Other outcome measures will assess the tolerability of ketamine and BAT, cognition and activity (using actigraphy). Participants will be categorised as non-responders, responders, remitters and relapsed during follow-up. MADRS scores will be analysed using a linear mixed model. For a definitive follow-up RCT study to be recommended, the recruitment expectations will be met and efficacy outcomes consistent with a >20% reduction in relapse rates favouring the BAT and ketamine arm will be achieved.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by the New Zealand Central Health and Disability Ethics Committee (reference: 2023 FULL18176). Study findings will be reported to participants, stakeholder groups, conferences and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberUTN: U1111-1294-9310, ACTRN12623000817640p.
Radiation attenuation characterization of some biological samples by using the Klein–Nishina formula
Authors: Levet Aytaç , Büyükyıldız Mehmet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRadiation has beneficial applications in medicine and nuclear sciences, but it can also be harmful due to its ionizing properties. So, radiation usage has a significant role in different research fields. In the present study, the Klein–Nishina (K–N) approach was used to evaluate the electronic and energy-transfer cross sections of Water, bone, adipose, soft, long, breast, brain and skin tissues. Compton mass attenuation coefficients (CMAC) and Compton mass energy transfer coefficients (CMACtr) were determined in the energy range 0.284–15 MeV. Different methods, based on the effective charge, were used to determine the parameters of the materials for the energy range. The cross sections were firstly calculated for elements that made up the materials. The investigated parameters of the materials were then determined using the relevant cross sections in the energy range. The results were compared with each other and some possible results from the literature. Klein–Nishina electronic cross sections, Compton mass attenuation coefficients and Compton mass energy transfer coefficients of the studied materials were decreased with increasing γ-ray energy like the elements. A good agreement was observed for CMACs and CMACtrs based on Zeff1/A and Zeff3/A (Diff. ≤ 16.4%) for Bone Compact. In addition, a comparison with the literature was done for CaCO3 in CMAC for some photon energies. The maximum difference (%) between used methods and literature was observed as ≤ 19.0%. The reported data should be useful using the gamma rays in Compton scattering energy region.
Who Creates for the Creators?
Authors: Sturdee Miriam 
Published: May 2024

Former Roblox VP of Design Eric Kabisch on the Evolution of Emergent Systems-Based Thinking in UX and HCI
"I believe that one of the most interesting shifts in design and HCI is that we're now building systems for creators that allow for the emergence of behaviors, design, and novel experiences---rather than just crafting a specific product."
Enhanced Molecular Response in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms with Complete JAK2V617F Inhibition
Authors: Celik Hamza , Challen Grant A. 
Published: May 2024

Summary:
Dunbar, Bowman, and colleagues present here a novel genetic mouse model with inducible and reversible expression of the JAK2V617F mutation in the endogenous locus. Results from this study clearly demonstrate an absolute requirement for myeloproliferative neoplasm–initiating cells for this mutation in their survival and imply that more efficacious inhibitors could be curative for these patients even in the setting of additional cooperating mutations.
See related article by Dunbar et al., p. 737 (8).
RAS G12C Inhibitors: Three Birds with One Stone
Authors: Seale Tessa , Misale Sandra 
Published: May 2024

Summary:
In this issue, Rubinson, Tanaka, and colleagues demonstrate that differences among G12C inhibitors rely on their ability to covalently bind not only G12C mutant KRAS but also NRAS and HRAS, proposing sotorasib as a potent NRAS G12C inhibitor.
See related article by Rubinson et al., p. 727 (6).
Coronary Sinus Metabolite 12,13-diHOME Is a Novel Biomarker for Left Atrial Remodeling in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Tang Xixiang , Wang Jiafu , Ouyang Xiaolan , Chen Qian , Dong Ruimin , Luo Yanting , Zhong Junlin , Huang Zhuoshan , Peng Long , Xie Xujing , Zhu Jieming , Zheng Zhenda , Li Suhua 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME) has shown potential in protecting against heart disease, but its relationship with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unknown.

METHODS:
Coronary sinus (CS) and femoral vein blood samplings were synchronously collected from AF and non-AF subjects (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia or idiopathic premature ventricular complexes) who underwent catheter ablation. First, untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed in a discovery cohort (including 12 AF and 12 non-AF subjects) to identify the most promising CS or femoral vein metabolite. Then, the selected metabolite was further measured in a validation cohort (including 119 AF and 103 non-AF subjects) to confirm its relationship with left atrium remodeling and 1-year postablation recurrence of AF. Finally, the biological function of the selected metabolite was validated in a rapid-paced cultured HL-1 atrial cardiomyocytes model.

RESULTS:

Metabolomic analysis identified CS 12,13-diHOME as the most pronounced change metabolite correlated with left atrium remodeling in the discovery cohort. In the validation cohort, CS 12,13-diHOME was significantly lower in patients with AF than non-AF controls (84.32±20.13 versus 96.24±23.56 pg/mL;
P
<0.01), and associated with worse structural, functional, and electrical remodeling of left atrium. Multivariable regression analyses further demonstrated that decreased CS 12,13-diHOME was an independent predictor of 1-year postablation recurrence of AF (odds ratio, 0.754 [95% CI, 0.648–0.920];
P
=0.005). Biological function validations showed that 12,13-diHOME treatment significantly protect the cell viability, improved the expression of MHC (myosin heavy chain) and Cav1.2 (L-type calcium channel α1c), and attenuated mitochondrial damage in the rapid-paced cultured HL-1 cardiomyocytes model.

CONCLUSIONS:
CS metabolite 12,13-diHOME is decreased in patients with AF and can serve as a novel biomarker for left atrium remodeling.