bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality Traits Associated with Genetic Counselor Compassion Fatigue: The Roles of Dispositional Optimism and Locus of Control
Authors: Injeyan Marie C. , Shuman Cheryl , Shugar Andrea , Chitayat David , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Kaiser Amy 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCompassion fatigue (CMF) arises as a consequence of secondary exposure to distress and can be elevated in some health practitioners. Locus of control and dispositional optimism are aspects of personality known to influence coping style. To investigate whether these personality traits influence CMF risk, we surveyed 355 genetic counselors about their CMF, locus of control orientation, and degree of dispositional optimism. Approximately half of respondents reported they experience CMF; 26.6% had considered leaving their job due to CMF symptoms. Mixed‐method analyses revealed that genetic counselors having an external locus of control and low optimism were at highest risk for CMF. Those at highest risk experienced moderate‐to‐high burnout, low‐to‐moderate compassion satisfaction, and tended to rely on religion/spirituality when coping with stress. CMF risk was not influenced by years in practice, number of genetic counselor colleagues in the workplace, or completion of graduate training in this area. Recommendations for practice and education are outlined.
Experimental neuropathy increases limbic forebrain CRF
Authors: Rouwette T. , Vanelderen P. , de Reus M. , Loohuis N.O. , Giele J. , van Egmond J. , Scheenen W. , Scheffer G.J. , Roubos E. , Vissers K. , Kozicz T. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNeuropathic pain is often accompanied by stress, anxiety and depression. Although there is evidence for involvement of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF), the detailed neuronal basis of these pain‐related mood alterations is unknown. This study shows that peripheral mononeuropathy was accompanied by changes in limbic forebrain CRF, but did not lead to changes in the functioning of the hypothalamo‐pituitary–adrenal axis and the midbrain Edinger–Westphal centrally projecting (EWcp) neuron population, which play main roles in the organism's response to acute pain. Twenty‐four days after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the rat sciatic nerve, the oval bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTov) contained substantially more Crf mRNA as did the central amygdala (CeA), which, in addition, possessed more CRF. In contrast, Crf mRNA and CRF contents of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were unaffected by CCI. Similarly, EWcp neurons, producing the CRF family member urocortin 1 (Ucn1) and constitutively activated by various stressors including acute pain, did not show an effect of CCI on Ucn1 mRNA or Ucn1. Also, the immediate early gene products cFos and deltaFosB in the EWcp were unaffected by CCI. These results indicate that neuropathic pain does not act via the HPA‐axis or the EWcp, but includes a main role of Crf in the limbic system, which is in clear contrast to stressors like acute and chronic pain, which primarily act on the PVN and the EWcp.
Human papillomavirus genotype distribution among French women with and without cervical abnormalities
Authors: Casalegno Jean‐Sebastien , Benchaib Mehdi , Le Bail Carval Karine , Piaton Eric , Mathevet Patrice , Mekki Yahia 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and distribution among French women with normal and pathologic cytology findings.MethodsA genomic DNA microarray assay enabling the detection of 35 different HPV genotypes was used for in vitro diagnosis, as a complement to Papanicolaou screening, to test 785 women who attended the gynecology department of a hospital in Lyon, France.ResultsPathologic and normal cytology findings were obtained for 260 (33.1%) and 302 (38.5%) of the 785 women, respectively, whereas 223 (28.4%) results were inconclusive. HPV infection and multiple infection were significantly more prevalent (P < 0.001) in the population with pathologic findings (90.0% and 41.9%, respectively) than in the population with normal cytology findings (48.3% and 20.2%, respectively). Overall, the 4 most frequent HPV genotypes were HPV‐16 (14.8%), HPV‐53 (9.0%), HPV‐31 (8.7%), and HPV‐51 (7.5%), whereas HPV‐18 (3.8%), HPV‐6 (2.9%), and HPV‐11 (0.4%) were less common. The HPV genotypes included in the quadrivalent vaccination had a prevalence of 20.6% among all women and 30.4% among those with pathologic findings.ConclusionThe present data indicate a reduced direct impact of HPV vaccination in the study population owing to a low prevalence of HPV‐18 and a high prevalence of HPV‐53, HPV‐31, and HPV‐51.
Invasive vulvar carcinoma and the question of the surgical margin
Authors: Palaia Innocenza , Bellati Filippo , Calcagno Marco , Musella Angela , Perniola Giorgia , Panici Pierluigi B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the discrepancy between width of surgical margin measured with the naked eye/ruler by a surgeon before removing an invasive vulvar carcinoma, and width of margin measured under microscope by pathologist after fixation of the resected lesion with formalin. Potential relationships between discrepancy and disease recurrence were also investigated.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted with resected lesions from 86 women who underwent surgery for primary/recurrent invasive vulvar carcinoma. After the surgeon removed the lesions surrounded by 1–2‐cm margins, the pathologist determined margin width at the 4 cardinal points of 86 lesions (for a total of 344 margin assessments), first macroscopically and then under the microscope.ResultsA safety margin of 0.8 cm on microscopic view was achieved in 83% of cases (112 of 135) when the macroscopic measurement was 1 cm, in 91% of cases (58 of 64) when it was 1.5 cm, and 98% of cases (105 of 107) when it was 2 cm.ConclusionThere was a small discrepancy between the surgeon's intent and the microscopic margin measurement, mostly related to tissue shrinkage. A 1‐cm surgical margin corresponded to a 0.8‐cm margin in microscopic view (the “safe margin”) in most cases.
Availability and distribution of, and geographic access to emergency obstetric care in Zambia
Authors: Gabrysch Sabine , Simushi Virginia , Campbell Oona M.R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the availability and coverage of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) services in Zambia.MethodsReported provision of EmOC signal functions in the Zambian Health Facility Census and additional criteria on staffing, opening hours, and referral capacity were used to classify all Zambian health facilities as providing comprehensive EmOC, basic EmOC, or more limited care. Geographic accessibility of EmOC services was estimated by linking health facility data with data from the Zambian population census.ResultsFew Zambian health facilities provided all basic EmOC signal functions and had qualified health professionals available on a 24‐hour basis. Of the 1131 Zambian delivery facilities, 135 (12%) were classified as providing EmOC. Zambia nearly met the UN EmOC density benchmarks nationally, but EmOC facilities and health professionals were unevenly distributed between provinces. Geographic access to EmOC services in rural areas was low; in most provinces, less than 25% of the population lived within 15 km of an EmOC facility.ConclusionA national Health Facility Census with geographic information is a valuable tool for assessing service availability and coverage at national and subnational levels. Simultaneously assessing health worker density and geographic access adds crucial information.
The Influence of Dietary Factors in Central Nervous System Plasticity and Injury Recovery
Authors: Gomez‐Pinilla Fernando , Gomez Alexis G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAlthough feeding is an essential component of life, it is only recently that the actions of foods on brain plasticity and function have been scrutinized. There is evidence that select dietary factors are important modifiers of brain plasticity and can have an impact on central nervous system health and disease. Results of new research indicate that dietary factors exert their effects by affecting molecular events related to the management of energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity. Recent study results show that select dietary factors have mechanisms similar to those of exercise, and that, in some cases, dietary factors can complement the action of exercise. Abundant research findings in animal models of central nervous system injury support the idea that nutrients can be taken in through whole foods and dietary supplements to reduce the consequences of neural damage. Therefore, exercise and dietary management appear as a noninvasive and effective strategy to help counteract neurologic and cognitive disorders.
Biologic and Plastic Effects of Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment Paradigms and Their Relevance to Clinical Rehabilitation
Authors: Garcia Alexandra N. , Shah Mansi A. , Dixon C. Edward , Wagner Amy K. , Kline Anthony E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNeuroplastic changes, whether induced by traumatic brain injury (TBI) or therapeutic interventions, alter neurobehavioral outcome. Here we present several treatment strategies that have been evaluated by using experimental TBI models and discuss potential mechanisms of action (ie, plasticity) and how such changes affect function.
Stem Cell Use in Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Guan Xuan , Furth Mark E. , Childers Martin K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHuman stem cells derived from bone marrow are currently used in clinical medicine for bone and cartilage repair for injuries such as meniscal tears. New clinical stem cell studies underway include the treatment of patients with spinal cord injuries. Rapid advances in stem cell science are opening new avenues for drug discovery and may lead to new uses of stem cells for other musculoskeletal disorders.
An annually resolved bristlecone pine carbon isotope chronology for the last millennium
Authors: Bale Roderick J. , Robertson Iain , Salzer Matthew W. , Loader Neil J. , Leavitt Steven W. , Gagen Mary , Harlan Thomas P. , McCarroll Danny 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe present the first near millennium-length, annually resolved stable isotope record from bristlecone pines (Pinus longaeva, D.K Bailey). The carbon isotope ratios from the cellulose of seven trees from the White Mountains of California, corrected for anthropogenic changes in atmospheric chemistry, are used to reconstruct growing season (June through August) precipitation back to AD 1085. Extremely negative isotope results are strongly correlated with proposed severest El Niño events over the last 500 yr, and similar values in the first half of the millennium are used to reconstruct a further 13 strong El Niño events, concentrated in the 12th Century and the mid 13th and 14th Centuries. Ring-width chronologies from adjacent sites in the White Mountains demonstrate a high degree of decadal covariance with the δ13C series, although there are several periods of notable divergence.
The Śāradātilakatantra on yoga: A new edition and translation of chapter 25
Authors: Bühnemann Gudrun 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article provides a new edition and translation of chapter 25 of the Śāradātilaka(tantra), a compendium on mantraśāstra composed, probably in the twelfth century, by Lakṣmaṇadeśika. The chapter itself presents a type of yoga that combines elements we normally associate with different yoga systems. In particular, we find elements associated with systems usually labelled as haṭhayoga, and elements of mantra practice as well. The chapter also contains references to the methodical knowledge of the rise or predominance of the gross elements (bhūtodaya, also known as svarodaya) and its connection with the six rites of magic. The significance of chapter 25 lies in the fact that it provides us insight into the teachings on yoga in a comparatively early text.
“Stung by a bee, you fear a fly”: Areal and universal aspects of Lahu proverbial wisdom
Authors: Matisoff James A. 
Published: June 2011

Abstractqhɔ-qhô ί-kâʔ cɔ̀, Lâhō tɔ̂-mɔ̂cɔ̀.The mountains have [springs of] water; the Lahu have proverbs. (#1012)Proverbs are a particularly interesting type of sentential formulaic expression. This paper analyses a rich corpus of proverbs in Lahu, a language of the Central Loloish branch of Tibeto-Burman, in terms of both their syntactic structure and their semantic content. Overwhelmingly bipartite in form, these proverbs reflect cultural and moral preoccupations of the Lahu people, and are sometimes expressed in similes and metaphors that are quite obscure to the outsider. They make implicit or explicit analogies between phenomena in the outside world and aspects of the behaviour of human beings. They often use earthy, scatological imagery, which tends to be bowdlerized in Chinese translation. Many of them bear a resemblance to the cryptic Chinese folk similes known as xiēhòuyû 歇后语. The proverbs cited are compared to similar ones in other languages, revealing the universal aspects of folk wisdom. Most Lahu proverbs seem to be original creations, although some look like literal equivalents of Western or Chinese sayings. A full-scale comparative study of Sino-Tibetan proverbs would shed light on possible paths of transmission, whether via missionaries or Chinese or Indian influence.
Competing Notions of Regionalism in South Korean Politics
Authors: HUNDT DAVID , KIM JAECHUN 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the past decade, ASEAN has been the primary driver of East Asian regionalism, and Korea has been an active supporter of ASEAN plus Three. Korea has explored the idea of an East Asian Community, and has been relatively open to notions of Asia–Pacific regionalism. The ROK has involved itself comparatively heavily in regional projects as both an initiator and a participant, but its notion of ‘region’ has oscillated between more and less inclusive forms of regionalism. This article examines how competing conceptions of region have influenced Korea's pursuit of regional initiatives. By revisiting historical understandings of Korea's regional identity, we explore the normative bases and material interests which motivate Korean regional initiatives, and assess the impact of its proposals.
The Awkwardness of Australian Engagement with Asia: The Dilemmas of Australian Idea of Regionalism
Authors: HE BAOGANG 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAustralia has experienced difficulties engaging with Asia-Pacific regional integration. Despite Australian attempts to punch above its weight in regional forums and to be a regional leader, it is still not regarded as a full member or as quite fitting into the region. It is an ‘awkward partner’ in the Asian context, and has experienced the ‘liminality’ of being neither here nor there. The former Rudd government's proposal for an ‘Asia Pacific Community’ (APC) by the year 2020 was a substantive initiative in Australia's ongoing engagement with Asia. It has, however, attracted a high level of criticism both at home and abroad. The main critical analysis of the proposal has focused on institutional building or architecture, or its relationship with existing regional institutions, but overlooks a host of often fraught questions about culture, norms, identities, and international power relations. The APC concept needs to be scrutinized in terms of these questions with a critical eye. This paper examines the cultural, cognitive, and normative dimensions of Rudd's proposal. It analyses four dilemmas or awkward problems that the APC faces.
Self-Orientalization and Dislocation: The Uses and Abuses of the “Aryan” Discourse in Iran
Authors: Zia-Ebrahimi Reza 
Published: June 2011

The claim to belong to the “Aryan race,” believed to be rooted in the ancient self-designationariya, is a fundamental pillar of the Iranian nationalist discourse. This paper aims to show that in fact it is a twentieth-century import from Europe, where after being instrumentalized for colonial endeavors and Nazi atrocities, it has become almost completely discredited. Yet Iranians continue to nonchalantly refer to themselves as Aryans and the myth of the “land of Aryans” persists, even in academic circles. It will be argued that the reason for this resilience is the specific role Aryanism plays in Iranian identity politics, and the strategies designed to manage the trauma of the encounter with Europe.“From father to father… Of the Aryan race…”Àriyàyi nezhàd(of the Aryan race), Pop song by Shakila & Shahryar, 20091
Fast gas heating in a nitrogen–oxygen discharge plasma: I. Kinetic mechanism
Authors: Popov N A 
Published: June 2011

A model of fast heating of nitrogen–oxygen mixtures excited by a gas discharge in a broad range of reduced electric fields E/N is presented. It is shown that in air at E/N ⩽ 200 Td the main contribution to gas heating occurs due to dissociation reactions by electron impact of O2 molecules and due to processes of quenching of electronically excited N2(B
3Πg, C
3Πu,
) molecules by oxygen and excited O(1D) atoms by nitrogen. At E/N > 400 Td, dissociation reactions by electron impact of N2 molecules are dominant as well as the processes involving charged particles. The fraction of discharge energy converted to fast gas heating does not exceed 40%. An analysis of the experimental data on fast air heating in discharges at high reduced electric fields E/N is given.
It was shown that, in a broad range of reduced electric fields, a fixed fraction of discharge power η
E
spent on the excitation of electronic degrees of freedom, ionization and dissociation of molecules is converted to fast heating of nitrogen–oxygen mixtures. In air, the value of η
E
is about 30 ± 3%. The value of η
E
diminishes with decreasing share of oxygen in a mixture. The significant role of heat release in the pooling reactions of
molecules for fast gas heating in pure nitrogen and in nitrogen with small admixtures of oxygen is demonstrated. The simulation results agree with experimental data at E/N < 200 Td within the range of oxygen content δ = 0–20%.
Fast gas heating in nitrogen–oxygen discharge plasma: II. Energy exchange in the afterglow of a volume nanosecond discharge at moderate pressures
Authors: Mintoussov E I , Pendleton S J , Gerbault F G , Popov N A , Starikovskaia S M 
Published: June 2011

The process of fast gas heating in air in the near afterglow of a pulsed nanosecond spatially uniform discharge has been investigated experimentally and numerically at moderate (3–9 mbar) pressures and high (200–400 Td) reduced electric fields. The temporal behaviour of discharge current, deposited energy, electric field and temperature was measured. The role of processes with participation of excited and charged species was analysed. It was shown that under the considered conditions the main energy release takes place in reactions of nitrogen and oxygen dissociation by electron impact and quenching of electronically excited nitrogen molecules, such as N2(
, B
3Πg, C
3Πu,
) by oxygen and quenching of excited O(1D) atoms by N2. It was shown that about 24% of the discharge energy goes to fast gas heating during the first tens of microseconds after the discharge.
Effect of a filamentary discharge on the particle trajectory in a plane-to-plane DBD precipitator
Authors: Zouzou N , Moreau E 
Published: June 2011

In this paper, particle velocity fields inside a plane-to-plane dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) precipitator are investigated using time-resolved particle image velocimetry. The main objective is to analyse the effect of a filamentary discharge on the particle trajectory. A sine wave high voltage (24 kV, 30 Hz) is applied to create a DBD inside a planar gap (6.4 mm) filled with particles with a mean size of about 0.28 µm. The time-averaged velocity of the flow in the centre of the channel is about 1 m s−1.
After the establishment of the discharge several filaments cross the gap, and induce a strong effect on the particle trajectory. During a complete period of the voltage, successive phenomena are observed. Before the first filament propagation, the shape of the velocity profiles is typical of a laminar flow. At the early stage following the filament propagation across the gap, the grey-level images show a sudden disappearance of the particles at the same location where the filament takes place. This is due to the fast precipitation of particles. During the positive half-cycle, the particles migrate mainly towards the grounded electrode due to their positive net charge. At the end of a half-cycle, the polarity of the electric field is reversed then the particles initially charged return towards the channel centre. Consequently, the particles oscillate delaying their collection.
Metabolic effects of albumin therapy in acute lung injury measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of plasma: A pilot study*
Authors: Park Youngja , Jones Dean P. , Ziegler Thomas R. , Lee Kichun , Kotha Kavitha , Yu Tianwei , Martin Greg S. 
Published: June 2011

Objective:
Improved means to monitor and guide interventions could be useful in the intensive care unit. Metabolomic analysis with bioinformatics is used to understand mechanisms and identify biomarkers of disease development and progression. This pilot study evaluated plasma proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a means to monitor metabolism following albumin administration in acute lung injury patients.

Design:
This study was conducted on plasma samples from six albumin-treated and six saline-treated patients from a larger double-blind trial. The albumin group was administered 25 g of 25% human albumin in 0.9% saline every 8 hrs for a total of nine doses over 72 hrs. A 0.9% concentration of saline was used as a placebo. Blood samples were collected immediately before, 1 hr after, and 4 hrs after the albumin/saline administration for the first, fourth, and seventh doses (first dose of each day for 3 days). Samples were analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and spectra were analyzed by principal component analysis and biostatistical methods.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
After 1 day of albumin therapy, changes in small molecules, including amino acids and plasma lipids, were evident with principal component analysis. Differences remained 3 days after the last albumin administration. Analysis of data along with spectra from healthy controls showed that spectra for patients receiving albumin had a trajectory toward the spectra observed for healthy individuals while those of the placebo controls did not.

Conclusion:
The data suggest that metabolic changes detected by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the bioinformatics tool may be a useful approach to clinical research, especially in acute lung injury.