bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simulation‐guided tri‐spiral condenser design for enhancing lemongrass essential oil recovery
Authors: Dhotre Irsha , Sathe Vivek 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present a groundbreaking achievement in essential oil extraction, showcasing the development of a highly efficient tri‐spiral condenser for use in microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) setups. This innovative condenser is specifically designed to swiftly cool vapors, optimizing oil yield during the MAE process. Our investigations demonstrate a notable improvement in oil purity, attributed to the expedited condensation facilitated by the tri‐spiral design. Traditional heat exchangers, like the Liebig condenser, fall short in efficiently handling the high vapor production rates of MAE. In response to this challenge, our tri‐spiral condenser design enhances condensation speed, resulting in a remarkable 12.2% increase in oil yield compared with the Liebig condenser (2.1% with tri‐spiral vs. 1.87% with Liebig), as validated by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Beyond elevating oil purity, our design holds promise for diverse applications requiring rapid cooling. This work not only advances laboratory practices but also contributes to the broader societal need for efficient and sustainable methods in the essential oil extraction industry.Practical applicationsThe innovative tri‐spiral condenser design, as elucidated in this article, presents significant practical applications, especially in the realm of lemongrass essential oil recovery. This breakthrough technology holds promise for the fragrance and cosmetics industries, where lemongrass essential oil is a valuable ingredient. The novel condenser design enhances extraction efficiency, leading to a higher concentration of essential oil with improved aromatic compounds. Cosmetic manufacturers can benefit from a more potent and fragrant lemongrass oil for skincare and aromatherapy products. Additionally, the pharmaceutical sector could leverage this advancement for developing therapeutic products harnessing the medicinal properties of lemongrass. By optimizing essential oil recovery, the tri‐spiral condenser design not only caters to the needs of the fragrance, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, but also aligns with a broader trend towards sustainable and efficient manufacturing practices, ensuring the accessibility of high‐quality lemongrass essential oil for diverse applications.
Future proofing core facilities with a seven‐pillar model
Authors: Tranfield Erin M. , Lippens Saskia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCentralised core facilities have evolved into vital components of life science research, transitioning from a primary focus on centralising equipment to ensuring access to technology experts across all facets of an experimental workflow. Herein, we put forward a seven‐pillar model to define what a core facility needs to meet its overarching goal of facilitating research. The seven equally weighted pillars are Technology, Core Facility Team, Training, Career Tracks, Technical Support, Community and Transparency. These seven pillars stand on a solid foundation of cultural, operational and framework policies including the elements of transparent and stable funding strategies, modern human resources support, progressive facility leadership and management as well as clear institute strategies and policies. This foundation, among other things, ensures a tight alignment of the core facilities to the vision and mission of the institute. To future‐proof core facilities, it is crucial to foster all seven of these pillars, particularly focusing on newly identified pillars such as career tracks, thus enabling core facilities to continue supporting research and catalysing scientific advancement.Lay abstract: In research, there is a growing trend to bring advanced, high‐performance equipment together into a centralised location. This is done to streamline how the equipment purchase is financed, how the equipment is maintained, and to enable an easier approach for research scientists to access these tools in a location that is supported by a team of technology experts who can help scientists use the equipment. These centralised equipment centres are called Core Facilities.The core facility model is relatively new in science and it requires an adapted approach to how core facilities are built and managed. In this paper, we put forward a seven‐pillar model of the important supporting elements of core facilities. These supporting elements are: Technology (the instruments themselves), Core Facility Team (the technology experts who operate the instruments), Training (of the staff and research community), Career Tracks (for the core facility staff), Technical Support (the process of providing help to apply the technology to a scientific question), Community (of research scientist, technology experts and developers) and Transparency (of how the core facility works and the costs associated with using the service). These pillars stand on the bigger foundation of clear policies, guidelines, and leadership approaches at the institutional level. With a focus on these elements, the authors feel core facilities will be well positioned to support scientific discovery in the future.
Between forests and coasts: Fishworkers on the move in India
Authors: Chakravarty Siddharth , Sharma Ishita 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Covid‐19 lockdown in India in March 2020 revealed the presence of Adivasi communities in the marine fishing industry of Goa, a coastal state in India. While the migration for work of Adivasi communities from the central regions of the country is well recorded, their movement across geographies of the forest and the coast is relatively unknown. Working with initial data collected during the lockdown, interviews conducted after the pandemic and using secondary materials, the paper sought to understand the social and material conditions in the forest and the coastal regions that shape this movement. Centring the waged relation of Adivasi workers opened the door to thinking about the marine fishing sector in India as a capitalist industry, while paying attention to social reproduction highlighted how the coastal and forest regions are spatially linked through their movement and labour. This highlights that the coasts and forests are going through distinct processes of capitalist intensification and expansion. Making connections between ecological appropriation, historical processes of resource extraction and marginalization, the paper finds that the extraction of fish resources in Goa is made productive through the hierarchization and differentiation of Adivasi workers. It reveals how the social relations of identity and caste mediate access to and define conditions of work at sea.
A (Sub)penny for Your Thoughts: Tracking Retail Investor Activity in TAQ
Authors: BARBER BRAD M. , HUANG XING , JORION PHILIPPE , ODEAN TERRANCE , SCHWARZ CHRISTOPHER 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTWe placed 85,000 retail trades in six retail brokerage accounts from December 2021 to June 2022 to validate the Boehmer et al. algorithm, which uses subpenny trade prices to identify and sign retail trades. The algorithm identifies 35% of our trades as retail, incorrectly signs 28% of identified trades, and yields uninformative order imbalance measures for 30% of stocks. We modify the algorithm by signing trades using the quoted spread midpoints. The quote midpoint method does not affect identification rates but reduces the signing error rates to 5% and provides informative order imbalance measures for all stocks.
Hypothesized life cycle of the snow algae Chlainomonas sp. (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta) from the Cascade Mountains, USA
Authors: Matsumoto Maya , Hanneman Clare , Camara A. G. , Krueger‐Hadfield Stacy A. , Hamilton Trinity L. , Kodner Robin B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChlainomonas (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta) is one of the four genera of snow algae known to produce annual pink or red blooms in alpine snow. No Chlainomonas species have been successfully cultured in the laboratory, but diverse cell types have been observed from many field‐collected samples, from multiple species. The diversity of morphologies suggests these algae have complex life cycles with changes in ploidy. Over 7 years (2017–2023), we observed seasonal blooms dominated by a Chlainomonas species from late spring through the summer months on a snow‐on‐lake habitat in an alpine basin in the North Cascade Mountains of Washington, USA. The Bagley Lake Chlainomonas is distinct from previously reported species based on morphology and sequence data. We observed a similar collection of cell types observed in other Chlainomonas species, with the addition of swarming biflagellate cells that emerged from sporangia. We present a life cycle hypothesis for this species that links cell morphologies observed in the field to seasonally available habitat. The progression of cell types suggests cells are undergoing both meiosis and fertilization in the life cycle. Since the life cycle is the most fundamental biological feature of an organism, with direct consequences for evolutionary processes, it is critical to understand how snow algal life cycles will influence their responses to changes in their habitat driven by climate warming. For microbial taxa that live in extreme environments and are difficult to culture, temporal field studies, such as we report here, may be key to creating testable hypotheses for life cycles.
CXCL5/CXCL8 induces neutrophilic inflammation in peri‐implantitis
Authors: Park Seong‐Eun , Park Kanghyun , Kim Eungyung , Kim Chae Yeon , Hwang Sung‐Min , Lee Jae‐Mok , Suh Jo‐Young , Lee Youngkyun , Kim Myoung Ok , Kim Yong‐Gun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjective and BackgroundThis research aimed to examine the role of C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) and C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8; also known as IL‐8) in neutrophilic inflammation triggered by peri‐implantitis and to shed light on the underlying mechanisms that link them to the development of this condition.MaterialsThis study included 40 patients who visited the Department of Periodontology at Kyungpook University Dental Hospital. They were divided into two groups based on their condition: healthy implant (HI) group (n = 20) and peri‐implantitis (PI) group (n = 20). Biopsy samples of PI tissue were collected from the patients under local anesthesia. HI tissue was obtained using the same method during the second implant surgery. To construct libraries for control and test RNAs, the QuantSeq 3′ mRNA‐Seq Library Prep Kit (Lexogen, Inc., Austria) was used according to the manufacturer's instructions. Samples were pooled based on representative cytokines obtained from RNA sequencing results and subjected to Reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis were performed to visually assess expression levels and analyze tissue histology. Student's t‐test was employed to conduct statistical analyses.ResultsInitially, heatmaps were used to examine gene expression variations between the HI and PI groups based on the results of RNA sequencing. Notably, among various cytokines, CXCL5 and CXCL8 had the highest expression levels in the PI group compared with the HI group, and they are known to be associated with inflammatory responses. In the gingival tissues, the expression of genes encoding cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and CXCL5/CXCL8 was assessed via RT‐qPCR. The mRNA expression level of CXCL5/CXCL8 significantly increased in the PI group compared with the HI group (p < .045). Contrarily, the mRNA expression level of interleukin 36 receptor antagonist (IL36RN) significantly decreased (p < .008). IHC enabled examination of the distribution and intensity of CXCL5/CXCL8 protein expression within the tissue samples. Specifically, increased levels of CXCL5/CXCL8 promote inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion within the peri‐implant tissues. These effects are mediated through the activation of the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway.ConclusionsThis study found that the PI sites had higher gene expression level of CXCL8/CXCL5 in the soft tissue than HI sites, which could help achieve more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Comparison of hematologic variables between dogs with congenital intrahepatic and extrahepatic portosystemic shunts
Authors: Couture Yanick , Keys Deborah , Summers Stacie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDogs with congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (IHPSS) are predisposed to gastrointestinal inflammation, ulceration, and bleeding, unlike dogs with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS). Limited information is available about hematologic differences between dogs with IHPSS and dogs with EHPSS.ObjectiveCompare hemogram variables between dogs with IHPSS and EHPSS. We hypothesized that hematologic variables would differ between the 2 populations, with a higher frequency and severity of anemia and microcytosis in dogs with IHPSS.AnimalsTwenty‐six client‐owned dogs with IHPSS and 35 client‐owned dogs with EHPSS.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional study. Dogs were included if a CBC was performed before shunt attenuation. Contingency analysis was performed to determine if the frequency of clinical signs and of hematologic variables below the reference range differed between groups. Hematologic and selected biochemical variables were compared between groups using an analysis of covariance with age as a covariate.ResultsGastrointestinal clinical signs (IHPSS, 81% vs EHPSS, 34%; P = .01), anemia (31% vs 6%; P = .01), microcytosis (77% vs 29%; P = .002), and hypochromia (77% vs 49%; P = .03) were more common in dogs with IHPSS than in dogs with EHPSS. Dogs with IHPSS had lower packed cell volume (34% vs 41%, P = .04), hemoglobin concentration (11.5 g/dL vs 13.7 g/dL, P = .03), mean corpuscular volume (57 fL vs 65 fL; P = .001), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (32 g/dL vs 33 g/dL; P = .04) than dogs with EHPSS.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with IHPSS had a higher frequency of anemia, microcytosis, and hypochromia and exhibited more gastrointestinal clinical signs.
Impact of susceptible wheat cultivars on epidemiological parameters involved in the introduction and spread of wheat dwarf disease
Authors: Armand Thomas , Souquet Marlène , Pichon Elodie , Jacquot Emmanuel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDefence mechanisms in plants have been naturally or artificially selected to cope with virus infection and/or insect colonization. This creates a range of host susceptibility to viruses and/or insects that can impact the epidemiology of insect‐borne viral diseases. Wheat dwarf disease (WDD), one of the most important viral diseases on small‐grain cereals, is caused by wheat dwarf virus (WDV), which is transmitted by the leafhopper Psammotettix alienus. In the current context of the unavailability of either WDV‐resistant/tolerant wheat cultivars or effective methods to control WDD in French cereal fields, the accurate characterization of WDV‐susceptible genotypes must be considered to improve management strategies against this viral disease. In this study, the impact of 12 wheat cultivars on epidemiological parameters related to the introduction (host selection and virus infection) and spread (insect performance and virus transmission) of WDD was evaluated. Results showed no differences between the tested cultivars for host selection made by P. alienus, whereas four tested cultivars (Complice, Filon, Hyking and Nemo) reduced survival and/or fecundity of the leafhopper. Characterization of virus–host interactions highlights the lower host and source quality of cv. Filon for WDV. Finally, multivariate analyses allowed the identification of cvs Filon, Boregar, Solindo CS, Complice and Hyking as less suitable hosts for WDV and/or P. alienus, suggesting that these cultivars could present interesting genetic resource(s) that should be considered for future breeding programmes against WDD.
Macroprudential policies, capital controls, and income inequality
Authors: You Yu , Hu Xiaoying , Huang Zongye 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of macroprudential policies, capital controls, and their joint effect on income inequality. Using a panel dataset covering 60 countries from 2000 to 2019, we find that macroprudential policies and capital controls can mitigate income inequality, which are robust to various subsets of policy indexes. However, the effectiveness of macroprudential policies on income inequality depends on the tightness of capital controls. We verify that macroprudential policies affect income inequality through private sector leverage, and both capital controls and macroprudential policies have significant influences on gross capital flows and net capital flows to affect income inequality.
Effect of a graded running race on lower limb muscle damage, jump performance and muscle soreness in men and women
Authors: Macchi Robin , Kunimasa Yoko , Chavet Pascale , Corcelle Baptiste , Pomportes Laura , Fazzari Camille , Hays Arnaud , Vercruyssen Fabrice , Rossi Francesca , Bendahan David , Nicol Caroline 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeDelayed structural and functional recovery after a 20 km graded running race was analyzed with respect to the sex effect.MethodsThirteen female and 14 male recreational runners completed the race and three test sessions: one before (PRE) and two after, once on Day 1 or 2 (D1‐2) and then on Day 3 or 4 (D3‐4). Muscle damage was assessed indirectly using ultrasonography to quantify changes in cross‐sectional area (CSA) of 10 lower‐limb muscles. Delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) was assessed for three muscle groups. Functional recovery was quantified by kinetic analysis of a squat jump (SJ) and a drop jump (DJ) test performed on a sledge ergometer. Linear mixed models were used to assess control group reproducibility and recovery patterns according to sex.ResultsRegardless of sex, DOMS peaked at D1‐2 for all muscle groups and resolved at D3‐4. CSA was increased in each muscle group until D3‐4, especially in the semimembranosus muscle. A specific increase was found in the short head of the biceps femoris in women. Regardless of sex, SJ and DJ performances declined up to D3‐4. Depending on the muscle, positive and/or negative correlations were found between structural and functional changes. Some of these were sex‐specific.ConclusionStructural and functional recovery was incomplete in both sexes up to D3‐4, although DOMS had disappeared. More emphasis should be placed on hamstring muscle recovery. Highlighting the intermuscular compensations that can occur during multi‐joint testing tasks, the structural‐functional relationships were either positive or negative, muscle‐ and sex‐dependent.
GmNLP1 and GmNLP4 activate nitrate‐induced CLE peptides NIC1a/b to mediate nitrate‐regulated root nodulation
Authors: Fu Mengdi , Yao Xiaolei , Li Xiaolin , Liu Jing , Bai Mengyan , Fang Zijun , Gong Jiming , Guan Yuefeng , Xie Fang 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYSymbiotic nitrogen fixation is an energy‐intensive process, to maintain the balance between growth and nitrogen fixation, high concentrations of nitrate inhibit root nodulation. However, the precise mechanism underlying the nitrate inhibition of nodulation in soybean remains elusive. In this study, CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated knockout of GmNLP1 and GmNLP4 unveiled a notable nitrate‐tolerant nodulation phenotype. GmNLP1b and GmNLP4a play a significant role in the nitrate‐triggered inhibition of nodulation, as the expression of nitrate‐responsive genes was largely suppressed in Gmnlp1b and Gmnlp4a mutants. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GmNLP1b and GmNLP4a can bind to the promoters of GmNIC1a and GmNIC1b and activate their expression. Manipulations targeting GmNIC1a and GmNIC1b through knockdown or overexpression strategies resulted in either increased or decreased nodule number in response to nitrate. Additionally, transgenic roots that constitutively express GmNIC1a or GmNIC1b rely on both NARK and hydroxyproline O‐arabinosyltransferase RDN1 to prevent the inhibitory effects imposed by nitrate on nodulation. In conclusion, this study highlights the crucial role of the GmNLP1/4‐GmNIC1a/b module in mediating high nitrate‐induced inhibition of nodulation.
A Novel Approach for Real-Time Tire-Ground Enveloping Modeling
Authors: Stocco Davide , Larcher Matteo , Biral Francesco , Bertolazzi Enrico 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Over the past decades, simulation has become vital in vehicle development and virtual testing, especially for autonomous vehicles. High-performance hard real-time simulators, which are crucial for those undertakings, require efficient algorithms to accurately model vehicle behavior within virtual environments. A prime example is tire-ground contact modeling, which is pivotal if we aim to achieve a high level of realism when simulating wheeled vehicles. Contact modeling focuses on an accurate estimation of the parameters needed to compute the forces and torques generated by vehicle-ground interaction. However, the complexity of this task is compounded by the fact that tire-ground contact is a highly nonlinear phenomenon, which is further exacerbated by the need to perform tests to fine-tune state-of-the-art tire-ground contact models. To tackle those challenges, we have developed a novel enveloping model that does not require any fitting of experimental data and is based on the 3D geometry of the intersection between undeformed volumes. In this paper, we provide a detailed description of the algorithm's formulation, the current software implementation (available as an open-source library), as well as the achieved scalability and real-time performance.
Effect of Interstage Torsional Damping on Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics of Two-Stage Planetary Gear System
Authors: Man Jianhao , Chen Long , He Junjie , Hu Wei , Lu Kuihua , Liu Xiao-ang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the influence of interstage torsional damping on the nonlinear dynamics of a two-stage planetary gear transmission system. A comprehensive nonlinear dynamic model is developed, incorporating interstage torsional damping, stiffness, time-varying meshing parameters, damping, and tooth side clearance. The nonlinear equations are derived and solved using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. The investigation reveals that the changes in torsional damping between stages significantly affect the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the system, especially under load fluctuations. Bifurcation characteristics are analyzed using phase diagrams, Poincaré diagrams, time history diagrams, and frequency–domain spectrograms. The simulation results demonstrate that heightened torsional damping between stages distinctly affects the motion states across excitation frequencies. Notably, it mitigates the unstable motion state caused by high-frequency excitation when tooth side clearance is minimal.
Draft genome sequence of a Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
strain from deer meat showing an IS-element integration in the B-subunit of the Shiga toxin Stx2b gene
Authors: Projahn Michaela , Schumann Sandy , Müller Sandra , Ferl Mathias , Scholz Heike , Göhler André , Schuh Elisabeth , Borowiak Maria 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) are important food-borne pathogens. Here we report sequence data of the STEC strain BfR-EC-18960, which has integrated IS elements in the B-subunit of the Shiga toxin Stx2b gene. The strain was isolated from deer meat at a local butchery in Germany in 2021.