bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE BOUNDARY VOLUME OF A LATTICE POLYTOPE
Authors: HEGEDÜS GÁBOR , KASPRZYK ALEXANDER M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFor a d-dimensional convex lattice polytope P, a formula for the boundary volume vol(∂P) is derived in terms of the number of boundary lattice points on the first ⌊d/2⌋ dilations of P. As an application we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a polytope to be reflexive, and derive formulas for the f-vector of a smooth polytope in dimensions three, four, and five. We also give applications to reflexive order polytopes, and to the Birkhoff polytope.
COMMON FIXED POINTS FOR SEMIGROUPS OF POINTWISE LIPSCHITZIAN MAPPINGS IN BANACH SPACES
Authors: KOZLOWSKI W. M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLet C be a bounded, closed, convex subset of a uniformly convex Banach space X. We investigate the existence of common fixed points for pointwise Lipschitzian semigroups of nonlinear mappings Tt:C→C, where each Tt is pointwise Lipschitzian. The latter means that there exists a family of functions αt:C→[0,∞) such that $\|T_t(x)-T_t(y)\| \leq \alpha _{t}(x)\|x-y\|$ for x,y∈C. We also demonstrate how the asymptotic aspect of the pointwise Lipschitzian semigroups can be expressed in terms of the respective Fréchet derivatives.
Nd–Sr–Pb isotopic composition and mantle sources of Triassic rift units in the Serbo-Macedonian and the western Rhodope massifs (Bulgaria–Greece)
Authors: BONEV NIKOLAY , DILEK YILDIRIM , HANCHAR JOHN M. , BOGDANOV KAMEN , KLAIN LASLO 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe report on the field occurrence and isotopic compositions of metamafic rocks exposed in the Serbo-Macedonian (Volvi and Therma bodies) and western Rhodope (Rila Mountains) massifs of Bulgaria and Greece. These metamafic units consist of high- and low-Ti gabbroic and basaltic rocks, whose Nd–Sr–Pb isotopes are compatible with mantle-derived MORB and OIB components with a small amount of crustal material involved in their melt source. These isotopic features combined with the field observations are consistent with an intra-continental rift origin of the metamafic rocks protolith, and are comparable to those of the Triassic rift-related mafic rocks in the northern Aegean region.
Comfort, O Comfort, Corinth: Grief and Comfort in 2 Corinthians 7:5–13a
Authors: Kaplan Jonathan 
Published: September 2011

Paul's correspondence with the Corinthian congregation chronicles the story of an absent leader trying to encourage an often wayward congregation to hold fast to his message of God's reconciling action in Jesus. As the conclusion to 2 Cor 2:14–7:4,1a unit in which Paul explores the nature of his apostolic relationship with the Corinthian congregation, 2 Cor 7:5–13a portrays Paul's pastoral relationship with the Corinthians as near its breaking point.2In this passage, Paul looks back to a time (before his current tentative reconciliation with the Corinthians) when Paul's trusted associate Titus had brought him comforting news of the Corinthians’ repentance and renewed faithfulness to the Pauline apostolate.3Previous studies of Paul's practice of pastoral care in 2 Corinthians have focused on comparing his approach with those advocated in Greco-Roman philosophy. Other studies of 2 Corinthians have attempted to uncover the background of Paul's theology of reconciliation in Isaiah and other texts from Israel's scriptures and have emphasized his appropriation here of the Isaianic motif of comfort from the so-called “Book of Consolation” (Isaiah 40–55). Through an examination of Paul's language of grief (λυπέω/λύπη) and comfort (παρακαλέω/παράκλησιϛ) in 2 Cor 7:5–13a, however, a more complex picture of the roots of Paul's approach to the care of the Corinthian congregation emerges. As I will show, Paul's language of grief and comfort in 2 Cor 7:5–13a differs from broader Greco-Roman understandings of these concepts, such as those we find in the writings of Epictetus. In this pericope Paul draws on his interpretation of the cycle of grief and comfort in not just Second Isaiah but also Lamentations 1–2 in order to call the Corinthians back to faithfulness to the gospel and to give voice to their own experience of loss and consolation.
AGE AND FERTILITY: CAN WOMEN WAIT UNTIL THEIR EARLY THIRTIES TO TRY FOR A FIRST BIRTH?
Authors: McDONALD JOHN W. , ROSINA ALESSANDRO , RIZZI ESTER , COLOMBO BERNARDO 
Published: September 2011

SummaryPostponing the start of childbearing raises the question of fertility postponed versus fertility foregone. One of the limitations of previous studies of ‘How late can you wait?’ is that any observed decline in the probability of conception with age could be due to a decline in fecundability with age or due to a decline in coital frequency with age or due to both factors. Using data from a multinational longitudinal study conducted to determine the daily probability of conception among healthy subjects, a discrete-time event history model with long-term survivors (sterile population) is used to study the relationship between age and fecundability for childless women, while controlling for the pattern of intercourse within a menstrual cycle. The findings suggest that women can wait until their early thirties to try for a first birth, providing that they are not already sterile, as the magnitude of the decline in fecundability is very modest and of little practical importance.
A little while in the Son of God: Austin Farrer on the trinitarian nature of prayer
Authors: Vogel Jeffrey 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article explores Austin Farrer's contribution to trinitarian theology, arguing that he grounds understanding of the doctrine of the Trinity in the life of prayer. While Farrer nowhere offers a systematic presentation of the believer's experience of the Trinity, an investigation of his writings, particularly his sermons and devotional works, reveals that it is precisely in prayer that he thinks the force of the doctrine is revealed to the believer. Beginning with Farrer's ‘empirical principle’, the idea that to know anything one must exercise one's relation to it, the article attempts to show how the act of praying constitutes a living out of the doctrine of the Trinity. Living in the Son entails an adoption of an attitude of sonship towards the Father, which Farrer describes most succinctly as an ‘active openness of heart’. This filial attitude, which Christ expressed humanly throughout his life, is adopted by believers through the Holy Spirit who, according to Farrer, is not an object of direct experience. In this, his trinitarian understanding of prayer differs from Sarah Coakley's, whose reflection on this topic serves as a point of comparison at various places throughout the article. Through Coakley's work, the trinitarian nature of prayer has become a theme in contemporary theology. Thus, this article is aimed at more than simply illuminating a somewhat neglected aspect of Farrer's thought; it is also an attempt to contribute to an ongoing, constructive conversation about the Trinity in the life of faith.
Using birds to set conservation priorities for Pantanal wetland forests, Brazil
Authors: DE PINHO JOÃO BATISTA , MARINI MIGUEL ÂNGELO 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe Pantanal of Brazil, one of the largest wetlands in the world, is suffering severe threats, such as forest and grassland clearance on the surrounding plateau, conversion of forests and savannas for cattle ranching and effects of large development projects. We used richness, abundance and composition of bird species in four forest types to propose conservation priorities for the northern Pantanal. Birds from 11 sites (a total of 41 points) were sampled through point counts and mist-netting. In total 215 species were recorded in the forests. Two evergreen forest types (cambarazal and landi) had higher estimates of bird richness and abundance than two dry forest types (carvoeiro and cordilheira). The evergreen forests also had more species exclusive to them and were more similar to each other than the dry forests. Selection of forests to be conserved in the northern Pantanal should give priority to evergreen forests and secondarily to dry forests. Cambarazal should be the first forests to be conserved. If the Pantanal inundation cycle is altered by the construction of hydroelectric dams or the Paraguay-Paraná waterway, cambarazal and landi may no longer become flooded, decreasing local species richness. Before our recommendations are considered for conservation and management decisions, more studies on other groups of organisms should also be taken into consideration, and similar studies should be conducted in other regions of the Pantanal. Conservation of Pantanal forest birds depends on a deeper understanding of their use of several habitats, stronger protection of the forests with higher diversity, and public policies that guarantee the long term maintenance of natural flooding cycles.
The economic cost of seabird bycatch in Argentinean longline fisheries
Authors: GANDINI PATRICIA , FRERE ESTEBAN 
Published: September 2011

SummarySeabird mortality in longline fisheries is believed to be an important cause of the reductions in many seabird populations worldwide, and results in reduced fishing efficiency and economic losses for fishing companies. We estimated the economic cost of not using seabird bycatch deterrents in Argentinean longline fisheries, with the intention of encouraging adoption of mitigation measures in those fisheries. We conducted the study in the Argentine ling Genypterus blacodes and Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides fisheries from 2001 to 2006 on three fishing vessels. Data on the incidence of seabird bycatch were collected by seabird observers specially trained in seabird identification and data on the catch rates of target species, cost of bait and fish were provided by the fishing company, supervised by Federal Inspectors from the Provincial Fisheries Agency. To estimate the bait loss, we set lines both with and without the use of deterrents (streamer lines, night setting and strategic discharge of offal) in both fisheries. Seabird bycatch varies temporally and geographically, so to estimate economic losses using deterrents in each fishery, we used different bycatch rates/1000 hooks registered for different periods and fishing areas. Bycatch rates in the absence of deterrents were two birds/1000 hooks and 1.53 birds/1000 hooks for the Patagonian toothfish and ling fisheries, respectively. These rates equate to the loss of more than 1.5 and 2 million dollars over a 10 year period for each fishery. When estimations are made with lower mortality rates, economic losses declined abruptly and were in the order of hundreds of dollars/fishing trip, for the same period of time. Results show that using deterrents, long term profits for the fishing company increase at a considerably high rate (the decrease in monetary loss is an order of magnitude), and the mortality of seabirds decreases by the same proportion (CPUE of seabirds decreases from tens of thousands to a few hundred). In these fisheries, the use of mitigation measures that reduce bait loss and seabird mortality represents a win-win situation with benefits to conservation and fishing companies.
Simulation of Eisenmenger syndrome with ventricular septal defect using equivalent electronic system
Authors: Korurek Mehmet , Yildiz Mustafa , Yüksel Ayhan , Şahin Alparslan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground: In this study, we aim to investigate the simulation of the cardiovascular system using an electronic circuit model under normal and pathological conditions, especially the Eisenmenger syndrome. Methods and Results: The Eisenmenger syndrome includes a congenital communication between the systemic and pulmonary circulation, with resultant pulmonary arterial hypertension and right-to-left reversal of flow through the defect. When pulmonary vascular resistance exceeds systemic vascular resistance, it results in hypoxaemia and cyanosis. The Westkessel model including Resistor-Inductance-Capacitance pi-segments was chosen in order to simulate both systemic and pulmonary circulation. The left and right heart are represented by trapezoidal shape stiffness for better simulation results. The Eisenmenger syndrome is simulated using a resistance (septal resistance) connected between the left ventricle and right ventricle points of the model. Matlab® is used for the model implementation. In this model, although there is a remarkable increase in the pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricle pressure, left ventricle pressure, aortic pressure, aortic flow, and pulmonary compliance decrease in the Eisenmenger syndrome. In addition, left-to-right septal flow reversed in these diseases. Conclusion: Our model is effective and available for simulating normal cardiac conditions and cardiovascular diseases, especially the Eisenmenger syndrome.
Is your phylogeny informative? Measuring the power of comparative methods
Authors: Ralph Peter , Coop Graham , Boettiger Carl 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPhylogenetic comparative methods have become all but ubiquitous in only a few decades, forcing us to reconsider if information from a phylogenetic tree can justify the results. Existing approaches to this question have been inadequate and do not scale with tree size or the ability to resolve branches. For instance, selection between phylogenetic models typically based on information criteria fails to adequately reflect this uncertainty, and can lead to preference for arbitrarily complicated models. Common measures of phylogenetic signal tend to characterize the goodness-of-fit of a Brownian motion model to the data, rather than indicate whether the data is sufficient to confidently distinguish between different hypotheses. We present a Monte Carlo based approach that allows us to reliably select models of the appropriate complexity and identify when a given phylogenetic tree contains insufficient information to test the hypothesis. We conclude that researchers should not assume a model such as Brownian motion a priori but test alternate hypotheses; not test for correlations between traits and branch lengths before applying a phylogenetic model but rather analyze the power of the tree to identify the chosen model from the alternative hypotheses.
Singlet-triplet excitation energies of R~1~R~2~Si=Si silylene derivatives: A G4/W1BD theoretical study
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWell-to-well (WWE~S-T~) and adiabatic (AE~S-T~) singlet-triplet excitation energies were calculated at the Gaussian-4 (G4) and W1BD levels of theory for a suite of mono- and disubstituted R~1~R~2~Si=Si silylene derivatives (where R~1~/R~2~=H, CH~3~, NH~2~, OH, and F), as well as H~2~C=Si and HN=Si. Reasonable agreement was obtained with prior E~S-T~ estimates at the CCSD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)//QCISD/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/AUG-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-31+G(d) levels of theory. The G4/W1BD E~S-T~ are systematically higher than these prior estimates by between 1 to 5 kcal/mol, averaging positive deviations of about 1-2 and 3-4 kcal/mol from the CCSD(T) and B3LYP estimates, respectively. Qualitative ground state multiplicity agreement between the four levels of theory was found for H~2~C=Si, H~2~Si=Si, HN=Si, (H~3~C)HSi=Si, (H~3~C)~2~Si=Si, (H~2~N)HSi=Si, (H~2~N)~2~Si=Si, (HO)~2~Si=Si, and F~2~Si=Si. However, there is disagreement as to the ground state multiplicity for (HO)HSi=Si and FHSi=Si using the different theoretical methods. For (HO)HSi=Si, G4 and W1BD methods predict either a slightly energetically favored ground state singlet (G4) or an energetic degeneracy between the two multiplicities (W1BD). For FHSi=Si, both the G4 and W1BD methods predict a clear ground state singlet, whereas the CCSD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)//QCISD/6-31G(d) method predicts effective energetic degeneracy, and the B3LYP/AUG-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-31+G(d) method predicts a clear ground state triplet. In light of the current high-level calculations, the ground state multiplicities of (HO)HSi=Si and FHSi=Si should be considered uncertain due to disagreement among various levels of theory. Resolution of the actual ground state multiplicities of these compounds will likely need to await experimental data.
The analysis of meaning between language and culture in the tourism domain
Authors: Manca Elena 
Published: September 2011

The relationship between language and culture is an interplay between linguistic choices and cultural filters; if we accept that language is an expression of culture, i.e. of the beliefs, customs, behaviours and rituals constituting the cultural identity of a group of people, then it is crucial that phraseology and cultural features are not separated in the analysis and production of meaning.
This paper aims to combine two different methodological approaches to the study of meaning (Manca 2008, 2009): the Corpus Linguistics approach within the framework of John Sinclair’s view of language (1991, 1996) and the Intercultural Studies approach based on Hall’s ([1976] 1989) theories and Katan’s (2004, 2006) framework of High and Low Context Cultures features in transactional communication. The two levels of analysis allow the researcher to carry out both a quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Examples that show the validity of this combined approach will be derived from a number of corpora of different subsections of the British and Italian languages of tourism. We will see that the two cultures tend to adopt different types of promotion in terms of linguistic devices (for example use of concrete nouns vs. abstract nouns) and features of description along a continuum which sees at one extreme explicitness and simple facts and at the other extreme implicitness, feelings and opinions.
The Roots of Emerging Dual Class Structure in Nineteenth-Century Iran
Authors: Ashraf Ahmad 
Published: September 2011

The social formation of Iran in the nineteenth century was marked by the predominance of a precapitalist mode of production that had lasted for centuries. A semicolonial situation, superimposed upon Iranian society by the rival colonial powers in the latter half of the nineteenth century, however, set the stage for the beginnings of “modernization” along the lines of dependent capitalism. The result was an uneven and flawed development of capitalism, leading to the emergence and growth of a dual societal type in Iran.The dualistic character of any social formation in the transitional stage toward capitalism is attributed to the coexistence of several forms of precapitalist, as well as capitalist, modes of production.
Sa'di's Somnatiyah
Authors: Homerin Th. Emil 
Published: September 2011

[Sa'di] made the pilgrimage numerous times on foot, and he entered the temple at Somnāth and smashed their great idol.- Jāmī,Nafaḥāt al-uns.Sa'di's (d. 691/1292) encounter with the idol of Somnāth is among the most popular stories of hisBūstānand frequently mentioned in biographies of him. Jāmī apparently believed the account, as have a number of scholars of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, who nevertheless have expressed reservations and doubts regarding certain elements of the story, particularly Sa'di's “confused” allusions to different religious traditions. In E. G. Browne's words:It is astonishing how little even well-educated Muslims know about other religions. Sa'di, for all his wide reading and extensive travels, cannot tell a story about a Hindoo idol-temple without mixing up with it references to Zoroastrian and even Christian observances.
Trends in the Development of Prices in Late Qajar Iran, 1870–1906
Authors: Gilbar Gad G. 
Published: September 2011

Monetary developments in Iran during the nineteenth century have remained, by and large, unexplored. The reason for this is all too familiar to economic historians: lack of sufficient data on prices. The Iranian central government during Qajar rule did not initiate a systematic collection of quantitative data on prices in the major urban centers and unofficial Iranian sources make only occasional reference to this issue. A recent check, however, of British and French consular reports dealing with commerce and trade during the last 30 years of the nineteenth century has shown that they contain data on prices to the extent that a description of major monetary trends is possible for the period which preceded the constitutional revolution, i.e., 1870-1906.British and French consuls reported to their respective foreign offices on current prices of basic commodities that prevailed at their places of service and residence.
Cat and mouse in the Ukraine
Authors: Swoboda Victor 
Published: September 2011

A great deal is now known about the professional difficulties of dissident intellectuals in the Soviet Union and the publication problems of outspoken Russian writers. These have led to the rise of the phenomenon known as samizdat or ‘self-publishing’ in manuscript form. Far less, however, has been written about similar activities in the non-Russian parts of the Soviet Union, notably in the Baltic republics (Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia) and the Ukraine. In the Ukraine the problems of the writers are intimately bound up with the problem of Ukrainian cultural independence and Ukrainian autonomy and are complicated by the political bogey of ‘nationalism’. But apart from this the Ukrainian writers' situation has much in common with that of their Russian colleagues, as is shown by a series of trials and by the ries of a samizdat journal, the Ukrainian Herald, that is remarkably similar to the Russian Chronicle of Current Events. In our last issue we published an extract from Mykhaylo Osadchy's autobiographical novel The Mote in order to convey something of the flavour of today's literary life in the Ukraine, and now Victor Swoboda discusses some typical cases.
The BBC and the politicians
Authors: Dearlove John 
Published: September 2011

On Sunday 15 July 1973, the BBC broadcast a programme headed A Question of Confidence in the series The People Talking. On 19 July, Sir Michael Swann, Chairman of the BBC, wrote a letter to the six MPs who took part expressing ‘regret’ about the programme, and advising them that the ‘Director-General is examining the possibility of mounting a further programme on this subject in which the issues would be discussed in a calmer atmosphere’. Next day, a letter critical of the stance adopted by Sir Michael Swann was sent to the same six MPs signed by more than 50 members of the General Features Department which had produced the programme. The Observer of 22 July reported that ‘a group of Governors took the view that the programme was so bad that only Mr Wilcox's dismissal would be an adequate response’. Later, the Director-General denied that discussions of this kind took place. In the following week it was reported that both the Association of Broadcasting Staff and the Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians would ‘black any programme which the Corporation makes to atone for its recent “Question of Confidence” production’. At least one leader article (in the Guardian, 25 July) suggested that this case proved (yet again) the need for an independent broadcasting council. This incident cannot be seen as an isolated controversy, but must be set in a wider context which raises and highlights questions of quite profound importance for the notion of public service broadcasting. In essence, these questions centre on the extent to which programme makers within the BBC are in a position to enjoy genuine independence from political influence in their coverage of politics and politicians. This leads to our ultimately needing to assess the role which public service broadcasting should assume in a democracy.