bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydropyridines: Expanding the Diverse Reactivity of Propargyl Vinyl Ethers.
Authors: Harschneck Tobias , Kirsch Stefan F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA convenient approach to 1,2‐dihydropyridines starts from propargyl vinyl ethers or propargylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination of Alkynes in Aqueous Media: Efficient and Regioselective Synthesis for Fused Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhou Yu , Wang Hengshuai , Guo Diliang , Ye Deju , Xu Yungen , Jiang Hualiang , Liu Hong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAgOTf is shown to be an efficient catalyst for the hydroamination of alkynes in aqueous solution.
ChemInform Abstract: A “Click and Activate” Approach in One‐Pot Synthesis of a Triazolyl‐Pyridazinone Library.
Authors: Qian Wenyuan , Winternheimer David , Allen Jennifer 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe approach allows to apply copper‐catalyzed azide—alkyne cycloaddition to give a triazole‐substituted chloropyridazinone, which is further trapped in situ with nitrogen or carbon nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid, One‐Pot, Microwave‐Influenced Synthesis of Spiro‐2,5‐diketopiperazines via a Cascade Ugi/6‐Exo‐Trig Aza‐Michael Reaction.
Authors: Santra Soumava , Andreana Peter R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe method allows an efficient access to a number of biologically important title compounds of type (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Redox‐Neutral Indole Annulation Cascades.
Authors: Haibach Michael C. , Deb Indubhusan , De Chandra Kanta , Seidel Daniel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA variety of indoles reacts with aminobenzaldehydes under microwave‐assisted conditions to form indole‐fused benzazepines in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Gold‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Unreactive sp3 C—H Bonds Through a Redox—Neutral Domino Reaction.
Authors: Zhou Guanghua , Liu Feng , Zhang Junliang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA diversity of furan‐fused azepines, e.g. (II), (IV), (VI) and (VIII), is smoothly obtained by direct functionalization of unreactive C(sp3)—H bonds via Au(I)‐catalyzed asymmetric redox—neutral domino reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Alkenylboronic Esters by Copper‐Catalyzed Boron Additions to Disubstituted Alkynes.
Authors: Kim Hye Ryung , Yun Jaesook 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe Cu‐catalyzed addition of bis(pinacolato)diboron (II) to internal alkynes (I), (IV), and (VI) in the presence of MeOH generates alkenylboron compounds (III), (V), and (VII), respectively, with high levels of regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt—Xantphos‐Catalyzed, LiCl‐Mediated Preparation of Arylzinc Reagents from Aryl Iodides, Bromides, and Chlorides.
Authors: Jin Meng‐Yi , Yoshikai Naohiko 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe arylzinc reagents undergo cross‐coupling reactions to afford diverse aromatic compounds including biaryls.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Hydrophobic Polyfluorinated Azo Dyes Grafted on Surfaces.
Authors: Soler Roger , Salabert Jordi , Sebastian Rosa Maria , Vallribera Adelina , Roma Neus , Ricart Susagna , Molins Elies 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA series of polyfluorinated reactive azo‐dyes is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Incorporation of a Furan‐Modified Adenosine Building Block for DNA Interstrand Crosslinking.
Authors: Jawalekar Anup M. , de Beeck Marieke Op , van Delft Floris L. , Madder Annemieke 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe furan modified adenosine building block (I) is synthesized and evaluated for interstrand cross‐link formation in DNA duplexes.
Study of Phase Separation of Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐styrene) Aqueous Solutions with Rayleigh Scattering Technique
Authors: Yi Guibin , Zhu Zhenghong , Wang Fei , Chen Xudong , Yang Jin , Huang Yunwei 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA thermally sensitive copolymer, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐styrene) [P(NIPAM‐co‐St)] (Mn9.5×105 g/mol and Mw/Mn1.51) was synthesized by soap‐free emulsion polymerization. The phase separation of the copolymer in water was investigated by Rayleigh scattering (RS) technique. The RS spectra revealed the transition of molecular conformation and the aggregation of molecular chains in the course of phase separation. The coil‐to‐globule and globule‐to‐coil transitions of P(NIPAM‐co‐St) chains were found in one heating‐and‐cooling cycle. By means of Avrami formula, apparent activation energy of phase separation of P(NIPAM‐co‐St) aqueous solutions was estimated. Moreover, a model was proposed to describe the phase separation process.
Facile and Rapid Access to Poly Functionalized Pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Shinde Pravin, V. , Shingate Bapurao B. , Shingare Murlidhar S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn efficient and greener protocol for the synthesis of poly functionalized pyridines using tetra‐n‐butyl ammonium fluoride (TBAF) in water is established. Remarkable advantages of the present synthetic strategy over the others are shorter reaction times, higher isolated yields, reuse of catalytic system, simple work‐up procedure and more especially its applicability to heteryl and aliphatic aldehydes.
Structural Control of Mesoporous 1,4‐Phenylene‐silica Using the Mixture of CTAB/SDS
Authors: Zhuang Wei , Bi Lifeng , Zhang Ming , Wang Sibing , Li Yi , Li Baozong , Yang Yonggang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe morphology, pore architecture and crystallinity of the mesoporous 1,4‐phenylene‐silicas were controlled using the mixtures of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). When the SDS/CTAB molar ratio increased from 0 to 1.0, the morphology of the mesoporous 1,4‐phenylene‐silicas changed in a sequence of sphere, hexagonal short rod, worm‐like, bent flake and flower‐like structure; the pore architecture of them changed from a hexagonal arranged tubular structure to a lamellar one; and the organization of the smallest repeat units within the wall changed from a random structure to a crystalline structure. At the SDS/CTAB molar ratios of 0.3 and 0.5, 1,4‐phenylene‐silica nanofibers with lamellar mesopores outside and tubular pore channels inside were obtained. The lamellar mesopores should be formed by merging the rod‐like micelles during the reaction process.
Electronic Structures and Spectroscopic Characters of Modified Oligo(alkylenedioxypyrrole)
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Zhang Peibin , Huang Xinwei , Li Xin , Teng Qiwen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPolyalkylenedioxypyrrole (PADOP) exhibited an excellent conductivity experimentally. A series of oligomers for the electron‐rich monomer alkylenedioxypyrrole (ADOP) were designed in order to study properties of PADOP. The structures of these oligomers were optimized using density function theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level. The energy gaps and thermal stabilities of the oligomers were decreased when the chain lengths were increased. These properties were also decreased with the enlargement of the neighboring substituted rings. The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS) of the oligomers were calculated at B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level. The chemical shifts at δ 96.1 of the linking carbon atoms in the dimer of 3,4‐methylenedioxypyrrole (MDOP) were moved downfield relative to those at δ 89.5 of the same carbon atoms in the monomer of MDOP. The aromaticity of the central pyrrole ring in the oligomers is improved with the enlargement of the neighboring substituted rings.
Preparation of Hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin Cross‐linked Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application in Enantioseparation of Clenbuterol
Authors: Yu Jingang , Huang Dushu , Huang Kelong , Hong Yong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA method of cross‐linking multi‐walled carbon nanotubes by a nucleophilic substitution of brominated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes using hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin anions was studied. The modified multi‐walled carbon nanotube samples were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin modified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes were used as a chiral stationary phase additive for thin‐layer chromatography to separate clenbuterol enantiomers, and the chiral separation factor was increased.
Synthesis and Structure Investigation of a Novel 3‐Dimensional Potassium Supermolecular Compound Based on 2,4‐Dinitro Resorcinol
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Li Zhimin , Liu Junwei , Zhang Tonglai , Niu Xiaoqing , Chen Chunchun , Yang Li , Yu Kaibei 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA novel 3‐dimensional potassium supermolecular compound [K(HDNR)(H2DNR)(H2O)]n (H2DNR2,4‐dinitro resorcinol) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The crystal structure investigated by X‐ray single crystal diffraction shows that [K(HDNR)(H2DNR)(H2O)]n crystallizes with a monoclinic unit cell in the space group P2(1)/c with unit cell dimensions of a=17.648(5) Å, b=12.527(3) Å, c=7.735(2) Å, β=94.33(2)°, V=1705.00(73) Å3, Z=4. The structure was refined to the final R=0.0670 and wR=0.0722 for 2022 observed reflections with I>2σ(I). In the compound, potassium cation is assembled into one‐dimensional chains along c‐axis through oxygen atoms from water molecules, and the chains were connected by the bridged HDNR− anions to form a two‐dimensional net structure. The two‐dimensional nets constructed a three‐dimensional supramolecular architecture via intermolecular hydrogen bonds and N–O···π interaction. Density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP was employed to optimize the structure and calculate energies for three tautomers of HDNR− univalent anion. Three stable tautomers were located. It was found that the structure (I) with O(1) losing hydrogen atom is more stable than the structure (II) also with O(1) losing hydrogen atom and the structure (III) with O(4) losing hydrogen atom.
Dicationic Ionic Liquid Mediated Synthesis of 5‐Arylidine‐2,4‐thiazolidinediones
Authors: Jawale Dhanaji V. , Pratap Umesh R. , Lingampalle Dinesh L. , Mane Ramrao A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of 5‐arylidine‐2,4‐thiazolidinediones has been developed using dicationic ionic liquid as green medium and catalyst. This method performed well for the condensation of both aryl as well as heteryl aldehydes with 2,4‐thiazolidinedione and gave 5‐arylidine‐2,4‐thiazolidinediones with excellent yields.
A Mild and Highly Efficient Catalyst for Beckmann Rearrangement, BF3·OEt2
Authors: An Na , Pi Hongjun , Liu Lifeng , Du Wenting , Deng Weiping 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBF3·OEt2 (Boron trifluoride etherate), an inexpensive and commercially easily available Lewis acid stoichiometrically employed for Beckamann rearrangement in general, was now found to efficiently catalyze Beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes into their corresponding amides (up to 99% yield) in anhydrous acetonitrile under reflux temperature.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Herbicidal Activities of 2‐Cyanoacrylates Containing 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Moieties
Authors: Wang Tingting , Miao Wenke , Wu Shanshan , Bing Guifang , Zhang Xin , Qin Zhenfang , Yu Haibo , Qin Xue , Fang Jianxin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThree series of novel 2‐cyanoacrylates 7a–7f, 9a–9f, 10a–10f containing 1,3,4‐thiadiazole ring moieties were synthesized as herbicidal inhibitors of photosystem II (PS II) electron transportation. Their structures were clearly verified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis (or HRMS analysis) and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Bioassay showed that a suitable group at the 3‐position of acrylates was essential for high herbicidal activity. In particular, compound 7e showed the best herbicidal activities and gave 100% inhibitory activity against rape and amaranth pigweed at a dose of 1.5 kg/ha. Introduction of substituent with higher polarity such as sulfinyl or sulfonyl to the 5‐position of 1,3,4‐thiadiazole decreased herbicidal activities.
Acidic Ionic Liquids as Efficient and Environmentally Benign Medium for the Synthesis of 2‐Phenylbenzimidazole
Authors: Gong Xinxin , Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Yu , Dai Liyi 
Published: June 2011

Abstract2‐Substituted benzimidazoles have been synthesized in excellent yields under solvent‐free conditions using a series of acidic ionic liquids as catalysts. The results indicate that SO3H‐functionalized ionic liquids show higher catalytic activities than other acidic ionic liquids. The effects of reaction conditions such as the amounts of ionic liquids, the ratio of reactants were investigated. A Hammett method was used to determine the acidity order of these ionic liquids and the results were found to be relevant to the catalytic activities observed in the synthesis reaction. Besides, the reaction mechanism was stimulated using DFT method.
Asymmetric Conjugate Addition to Cyclic Enone Catalyzed by Cu‐NHC Complexes with C2 Symmetry
Authors: Shan Fengjun , Jiang Lan , Li Zhengning , Zhao Defeng 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA series of chiral, C2 symmetric tridentate N‐heterocyclic carbene precursors, containing two N‐functionalized hydroxyl or alkoxyl groups, were synthesized. They were applied to catalyze the asymmetric conjugate addition of diethylzinc to cyclohex‐2‐enone and cyclopent‐2‐enone. Enantioselectivity of corresponding reactions can be accomplished with up to 76% ee, and 65% ee, respectively. Flip of major enantiomer was observed when different bases or copper sources were utilized.
CaMKII is differentially localized in synaptic regions of kenyon cells within the mushroom bodies of the honeybee brain
Authors: Pasch Elisabeth , Muenz Thomas Sebastian , Rössler Wolfgang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCalcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has been linked to neuronal plasticity associated with long‐term potentiation as well as structural synaptic plasticity. Previous work in adult honeybees has shown that a single CaMKII gene is strongly expressed in the mushroom bodies (MBs), brain centers associated with sensory integration, and learning and memory formation. To study a potential role of CaMKII in synaptic plasticity, the cellular and subcellular distribution of activated (phosphorylated) pCaMKII protein was investigated at various life stages of the honeybee using immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, and western blot analyses. Whereas at pupal stages 3–4 most parts of the brain showed high levels of pCaMKII immunoreactivity, the protein was predominantly concentrated in the MBs in the adult brain. The results show that pCaMKII is present in a specific subpopulation of Kenyon cells, the noncompact cells. Within the olfactory (lip) and visual (collar) subregion of the MB calyx neuropil pCaMKII was colocalized with f‐actin in postsynaptic compartments of microglomeruli, indicating that it is enriched in Kenyon cell dendritic spines. This suggests a potential role of CaMKII in Kenyon cell dendritic plasticity. Interestingly, pCaMKII protein was absent in two other types of Kenyon cells, the inner compact cells associated with the multimodal basal ring and the outer compact cells. During adult behavioral maturation from nurse bees to foragers, pCaMKII distribution remained essentially similar at the qualitative level, suggesting a potential role in dendritic plasticity of Kenyon cells throughout the entire life span of a worker bee. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3700‐3712, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology of superior colliculus‐ and middle temporal area‐projecting neurons in primate primary visual cortex
Authors: Nhan Hoang L. , Callaway Edward M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLayers 5 and 6 of primate primary visual cortex (V1) harbor morphologically diverse cell groups that have corticocortical and corticosubcortical projections. Layer 6 middle temporal area (MT)‐projecting neurons are particularly interesting, as they are the only deep‐layer cortical neurons that provide both corticocortical feedforward inputs (to area MT) and corticosubcortical feedback projections (to superior colliculus [SC]) (Fries et al. [1985] Exp Brain Res 58:613–616). However, due to limitations in anatomical tracing techniques, little is known about the detailed morphologies of these cells. We therefore applied a genetically modified rabies virus as a retrograde tracer to fill the dendrites of projection neurons with green fluorescent protein (GFP) (Wickersham et al. [2007] Nat Methods 4:47–49). We injected virus into SC or area MT of macaque monkeys and examined labeled cells in V1. Two‐thirds of labeled neurons following SC injections were found in layer 5, consisting of “tall‐tufted” and “nontufted” cells; the remaining cells were layer 6 “nontufted.” Area MT injections labeled neurons in layers 4B and 6, as previously described (Shipp and Zeki [1989] Eur J Neurosci 1:309–332). The layer 6 neurons projecting to MT were remarkably similar to the layer 6 SC‐projecting neurons. In contrast to the dense and focused dendritic arbors of layer 5 “tall‐tufted” pyramids, all “nontufted” cells had sparse, but unusually long basal dendrites. The nontufted cells closely resemble Meynert cells (le Gros Clark [1942] J Anat 76:369–376; Winfield et al. [1983] Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 217:129–139), but the full in vivo reconstructions presented here show that their basal dendrites can extend much further (up to 1.2 mm) and are less asymmetric than inferred from Golgi reconstructions. J. Comp. Neurol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Axons with highly branched terminal regions successfully regenerate across spinal midline transections in the adult cat
Authors: Fenrich Keith K. , Rose P. Ken 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe recently reported that some, but not all, axotomized propriospinal commissural interneurons (PCI) of the adult mammal can regenerate through spinal midsagittal transection injury sites (Fenrich and Rose [2009] J Neurosci 29:12145–12158). In this model, regenerating axons grow through a lesion site surrounded by a dense deposition of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG), which are typically inhibitory to regenerating axons. However, the mechanisms that lead some regenerating axons to grow through spinal cord injury (SCI) sites while others remain trapped in the CSPG zones or retract to their soma remain unknown. As a first step toward elucidating these mechanisms, here we show that the ability of PCI axons to regenerate across a SCI site depends on the branching patterns of their distal terminals. Using 3D reconstruction techniques through multiple serial sections and immunohistochemical analyses, we found that at 7 days postinjury a majority of PCI axons terminated in CSPG zones ipsilateral of the spinal midline. Conversely, at 9 days postinjury some PCI axons had regenerated across the midline, but others terminated outside the CSPG zones near their soma. Furthermore, we show that the most successful regenerators were those with the most extensive branching patterns, whereas those that terminated outside the CSPG zones had terminal regions indistinguishable from dystrophic terminals. Our results demonstrate that the morphological characteristics of regenerating axons play an important role in their ability to regenerate across SCI sites, and that the branching patterns of some regenerating axons are more extensive and have a far greater complexity than previously reported. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3240–3258, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphologic and immunohistochemical organization of the human habenular complex
Authors: Díaz Eugenia , Bravo Daniela , Rojas Ximena , Concha Miguel L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe habenular complex (HbCpx) is a phylogenetically conserved brain structure located in the epithalamus of vertebrates. Despite its fundamental role in decision‐making processes and the proposed link between habenular dysfunction and neuropsychiatric conditions, little is known about the structural and functional organization of the HbCpx in humans. The goal of this study was thus to provide a first systematic morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis of the human HbCpx to begin dissecting its nuclear and subnuclear organization. Our results confirmed that the human HbCpx is subdivided into medial (MHb) and lateral (LHb) nuclei, each showing a large degree of intranuclear morphologic heterogeneity. Analysis of serially stained sections using a combination of morphologic and immunohistochemical criteria allowed the distinction of five subnuclei in both the MHb and LHb. Overall, the observed subnuclear organization of the MHb in humans resembles the organization of subnuclei in the MHb of rats. The shape, relative size, and intranuclear organization of the LHb, however, show significant differences. The contribution of the LHb to the entire HbCpx is about five times larger in humans than in rats. Noteworthy, a dorsal domain of the LHb that contains afferent myelinated fibers from the stria medullaris and shows GABA‐B‐R1 immunoreactive cells, appears substantially enlarged in humans when compared to rats. This feature seems to account for a large part of the relative growth in size of the LHb in humans and opens the intriguing possibility of an increased influence of limbic and striatal afferents into the LHb of humans. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3727‐3747, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stability of presynaptic vesicle pools and changes in synapse morphology in the amygdala following fear learning in adult rats
Authors: Ostroff Linnaea E. , Cain Christopher K. , Jindal Neha , Dar Najia , Ledoux Joseph E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractChanges in synaptic strength in the lateral amygdala (LA) that occur with fear learning are believed to mediate memory storage, and both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms have been proposed to contribute. In a previous study we used serial section transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM) to observe differences in dendritic spine morphology in the adult rat LA after fear conditioning, conditioned inhibition (safety conditioning), or naïve control handling (Ostroff et al. [2010] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:9418–9423). We have now reconstructed axons from the same dataset and compared their morphology and relationship to the postsynaptic spines between the three training groups. Relative to the naïve control and conditioned inhibition groups, the ratio of postsynaptic density (PSD) area to docked vesicles at synapses was greater in the fear‐conditioned group, while the size of the synaptic vesicle pools was unchanged. There was significant coherence in synapse size between neighboring boutons on the same axon in the naïve control and conditioned inhibition groups, but not in the fear‐conditioned group. Within multiple‐synapse boutons, both synapse size and the PSD‐to‐docked vesicle ratio were variable between individual synapses. Our results confirm that synaptic connectivity increases in the LA with fear conditioning. In addition, we provide evidence that boutons along the same axon and even synapses on the same bouton are independent in their structure and learning‐related morphological plasticity. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:295–314, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.