bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Preliminary Risk Profiles for Dissociation in 16‐ to 25‐Year‐Olds Using Machine Learning
Authors: McGuinness Roberta , Herring Daniel , Wu Xinyi , Almandi Maryam , Bhangu Daveena , Collinson Lucia , Shang Xiaocheng , Černis Emma 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionDissociation is associated with clinical severity, increased risk of suicide and self‐harm, and disproportionately affects adolescents and young adults. Whilst evidence indicates multiple factors contribute to dissociative experiences, a multi‐factorial explanation of increased risk for dissociation has yet to be achieved.MethodsWe used multiple regression to investigate the relative influence of five plausible risk factors (childhood trauma, loneliness, marginalisation, socio‐economic status, and everyday stress), and machine learning to generate tentative high‐risk profiles for ‘felt sense of anomaly’ dissociation (FSA‐dissociation) using cross‐sectional online survey data from 2384 UK‐based 16‐ to 25‐year‐olds.ResultsMultiple regression indicated that four risk factors significantly contributed to FSA‐dissociation, with relative order of contribution: everyday stress, childhood trauma, loneliness and marginalisation. Exploratory analysis using machine learning suggested dissociation results from a complex interplay between interpersonal, contextual, and intrapersonal pressures: alongside marginalisation and childhood trauma, negative self‐concept and depression were important in younger (16–20 years), and anxiety and maladaptive emotion regulation in older (21–25 years) respondents.ConclusionsValidation of these findings could inform clinical assessment, and prevention and outreach efforts, improving the under‐recognition of dissociation in mainstream services.
‘If the School Does Not Provide What I Expect, I Have to Supply It From Other Sources’: Czech Parents' Dissatisfaction as a Driver of Shadow Education
Authors: Šťastný Vít 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTShadow education (various forms or types of private supplementary tutoring) and its implications and determinants have been explored by the scholarly literature, yet gaps remain in the understanding of its complex relationships with mainstream schooling in various national settings. This study reduces one of these gaps by scrutinising the role of parental dissatisfaction, exploring which aspects of schooling make dissatisfied parents consider procuring private supplementary tutoring for their children. Data for the qualitative study were gathered through individual, semistructured, in‐depth interviews with 65 Czech parents. A maximum‐variation sampling strategy was employed to gain insights from parents with different backgrounds and life situations. Parents who sought private tutoring because of their dissatisfaction with schooling listed a large array of school‐related causes that triggered their decision. These were related to classroom instruction (e.g., inappropriate curriculum, grade inflation in student assessment), classroom organisation (e.g., unfavourable disciplinary climate and classroom composition), school communication (e.g., late teacher feedback on students' performance) and general school culture (e.g., unfavourable student–teacher relationships). The study has implications for teachers, schools and relatedly also policymakers by showing how their (in)actions and ignorance towards the quality of the service they offer may nurture the demand for private tutoring, which in turn may undermine their efforts to mitigate educational inequalities.
The Rotenone‐Induced Sporadic Parkinsonism Model: Timeline of Motor and Non‐Motor Features
Authors: de Souza Nascimento Tyciane , Oliveira Alfaete Vieira , de Oliveira Bélem Mônica , Bezerra Jéssica Rabelo , do Carmo Marta Regina Santos , da Silva Mateus Edson , Cunha Rodrigo A. , Feitosa Caio Roberto Caldas , do Santos Armenio Aguiar , Sampaio Tiago Lima , de Andrade Geanne Matos 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) requires better characterized animal models, in particular of the PD prodrome. Since pesticide are well‐established triggers of Parkinsonism, we now undertook a detailed characterization of the time‐dependent onset of behavioural and neurochemical alterations after the repeated daily intraperitoneal administration to adult male rats of a low dose of rotenone (2.75 mg/kg) during weekdays for 21 days. The onset of motor (bradykinesia in the open field test) and coordination deficits (balance in the rotarod and rearing in the open field) occurred after 14 days of exposure to rotenone, linked to a nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration and increased accumulation of α‐synuclein, which are key features of PD. Moreover, we identified several modifications pre‐dating the onset of PD‐like motor symptoms, encompassing gastrointestinal alterations and a modified whole‐body composition together with olfactory dysfunction and memory and emotional impairments, which were typified by: i) a delayed gastric emptying of liquids (13CO2 analysis), which was evident from the third day of rotenone administration and was aggravated over subsequent days; ii) a loss of total, visceral and subcutaneous body fat and dehydration (bioimpedance spectroscopy); iii) olfactory dysfunction (discrimination test and food buried test). The characterization of this prodrome period in this robust model of PD offers a new window of opportunity to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of PD onset and to devise and test novel neuroprotective strategies.
The Individuality of Meaning in Life
Authors: Kipke Roland 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn contemporary philosophical discourse, there is a widespread assumption that meaning in life is individual: that it is a value inherent in individual human lives, that the content of this meaning varies from individual to individual, and that it differs in degree based on the individual. Despite these claims, however, objectivist theories of meaningful life have so far failed to do full justice to this assumption of individuality, leading to certain deficiencies and distortions in the understanding of meaningful life. This paper aims to highlight these shortcomings and to explain how the individuality of meaning in life can be better understood within an objectivist framework. This proposed individuality account provides a necessary correction and complement to existing objectivist accounts of meaningful life. The paper demonstrates how the individuality account successfully addresses common shortcomings, withstands various objections, and differs significantly from current approaches.
From Tics to Stabs: Renaming Cluster Tics in Cluster Headache—A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Carney May , Søborg Marie‐Louise Kulas , Maarbjerg Stine , Lund Nunu , Worm Jacob , Bendtsen Lars , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Petersen Anja Sofie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundShort‐lasting paroxysms of facial pain in patients with cluster headache have traditionally been called “cluster tics.” Mostly described as co‐occurring trigeminal neuralgia, they remain to be explored as an independent phenomenon. We investigated the prevalence of cluster tics in cluster headache, the clinical differentiation from trigeminal neuralgia, and propose a distinct definition and renaming of cluster tics.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, controlled, cross‐sectional study using semi‐structured interviews of patients with cluster headache at the Danish Headache Center. A comparator cohort of patients with trigeminal neuralgia was included from a previous study. We investigated the lifetime prevalence of cluster tics in the cluster headache group and characterized them according to duration, location, pain‐intensity, triggerability, and serial occurrence.ResultsWe included 424 participants with cluster headache (median age 52 years (IQR: 32–72), male–female ratio 3:2) and 576 participants with trigeminal neuralgia (median age 72 years (IQR: 50–94), male–female ratio 1:3). Cluster tics were reported by 200 (47%) cluster headache participants with higher odds for participants of female sex (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.27–2.96, p = 0.002) and participants with chronic cluster headache (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.15–2.63, p = 0.008). Unlike trigeminal neuralgia, cluster tics were not triggerable (OR: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01–0.04, p < 2e‐16) and presented with pain restricted to the first trigeminal division.ConclusionsCluster tics are prevalent in nearly half of patients with cluster headache, associated to female sex and chronic phenotype. Unlike trigeminal neuralgia, cluster tics occur in the orbital region and are largely non‐triggerable. To improve terminology, we propose renaming cluster tics to “cluster stabs.”
Long‐term safety and efficacy of adjunctive perampanel in pediatric patients (ages 4 to <12 years) with inadequately controlled focal‐onset seizures or generalized tonic–clonic seizures
Authors: Flamini Robert , Fogarasi Andras , Omatsu Hirowo , Milh Mathieu , Phillips Steven , Patten Anna , Takase Takao , Ngo Leock Y. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveStudy 311 (NCT02849626) Extension A assessed long‐term outcomes of adjunctive perampanel treatment in children (ages 4 to <12 years) with uncontrolled focal‐onset seizures (FOS), with/without focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (FBTCS), or generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS).MethodsPatients completing the 23‐week Core Study could enter Extension A (29‐week Maintenance and 4‐week Follow‐up Periods) to receive perampanel at the dose achieved during the Core Study. Dose adjustments were permitted per the investigator's discretion during Extension A. The maximum dose was 12 mg/day for patients enrolled in Japan and without enzyme‐inducing anti‐seizure medications (EIASMs), or 16 mg/day with EIASM(s). Safety and tolerability were monitored throughout Extension A. Efficacy assessments included median percent change in seizure frequency per 28 days from baseline and 50% responder rates. Outcomes were analyzed by seizure type, age (4 to <7 vs 7 to <12 years), and EIASM use.ResultsOf 180 patients enrolling in the Core Study, 136 entered (FOS, n = 116 [including 43 with FBTCS]; GTCS, n = 20) and 122 completed Extension A. Treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were the most common reason for discontinuation (4%). The mean (standard deviation) dose during Extension A was 8.3 (3.2) mg/day. Incidences of TEAEs in Extension A were 69% overall and 62%–89% across subgroups; TEAEs led to dose adjustment in 10% of patients. No changes of clinical concern in cognition, growth, development, or quality of life were identified over 52 weeks. At Weeks 40–52, median percent reductions in seizure frequency per 28 days from baseline were 69% (FOS, n = 108), 74% (FBTCS, n = 41), and 100% (GTCS, n = 13); 50% responder rates were 62% (FOS and GTCS) and 81% (FBTCS). Efficacy outcomes were comparable across age and EIASM groups.SignificanceThese findings support long‐term (≤52 weeks) use of adjunctive perampanel in children with epilepsy, irrespective of seizure type, age, or EIASM use.
Vagus nerve stimulation in Lennox–Gastaut syndrome: Twenty‐four‐month data and experience from the CORE‐VNS study
Authors: Lyons Paul , Wheless James , Verner Ryan , Ferreira Jose , Liow Kore , Valeriano James , Motamedi Gholam , Giannicola Gaia , Nichol Kathryn 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe drug‐resistant epilepsy associated with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) has a long‐term effect on patients and is difficult to treat with conventional pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies. Our objective is to demonstrate that adjunctive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) can help manage the seizures associated with LGS.MethodsCORE‐VNS (NCT03529045) is a prospective, multicenter, multinational observational study to collect data on seizure and nonseizure outcomes following treatment with VNS. Participants were identified as having a documented LGS diagnosis and received initial VNS implants. Baseline seizure frequency data and patient‐reported outcome measures were collected at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. This interim analysis compared baseline data to VNS therapy outcomes at 24 months, and the results are presented here.ResultsSixty participants in the CORE‐VNS study had a diagnosis of LGS and received an initial implant of VNS. The population was geographically diverse: 31.7% European, 26.7% from the Americas, and 26.7% from the Western Pacific. The median age at implant was 11.8 years (range = 2.2–47.6), and only 26.7% of those diagnosed with LGS were >18 years of age. Most (70%) of the participants had severe cognitive impairment. The LGS participants failed a median of 6 antiseizure medications, and 83.3% had not undergone epilepsy surgery. The LGS responder rate (≥50% reduction in seizure frequency) at 24 months for focal and generalized seizures was 66.7% and 47.4%, respectively. Some participants (20%, 12/60) experienced a ≥80% reduction in total seizure frequency. VNS was well tolerated, with only 15% (9/60) reporting at least one treatment‐emergent adverse event, primarily cough, dysphonia, and oropharyngeal pain.SignificanceLGS participants who received adjunctive VNS therapy to manage seizures were predominantly severely cognitively impaired children. Reductions in seizure frequency, including those with drops, and the sustained nature of the response support VNS as a promising therapy in LGS.
An Apprenticeship in Attention for a Time Between Worlds
Authors: WELLER INDIGO 
Published: February 2025

PechaKucha Presentation AbstractThe aim of this Pecha Kucha is to describe the power and beauty of intergenerational sense‐making at the end of life and what it asks of us as ethnographic researchers in times of upheaval and transition. Reminiscence work asks ethnographers to reexamine: 1. our conceptions of expertise; 2. The supposed ‘depth’ of in‐depth interviews; 3. The need to welcome serendipity and silence, whereby the guiding measure of an ethnographic encounter is the quality of presence and play, not the extractive rush to ‘actionable insight.‘
“How Can I Help You?” Exploring Empathy Work in Customer Support
Authors: LABORDE NICOLE , PHILLIPS MARISE 
Published: February 2025

PechaKucha Presentation AbstractIn this PechaKucha, we explore the role of human connection and empathy in customer support work – a setting that is often fraught with frustration. As ethnographers, we have the opportunity to work with companies to understand and improve employee and customer experience and needs, and to leverage the emotional labor provided by agents answering customer calls.
The Inflammatory Landscape of a Whole‐Tissue Explant Model of Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Leboit Phoebe E. , Patel Dhara U. , Cohen Jarish N. , Moss Madison I. , Naik Haley B. , Yates Ashley E. , Harris Hobart W. , Klufas Daniel M. , Kim Esther A. , Neuhaus Isaac M. , Hansen Scott L. , Kyle Ryan L. , Kelly Matthew , Rosenblum Michael D. , Lowe Margaret M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a relatively common and highly morbid inflammatory skin disease. Due to the relatively limited understanding of HS's pathogenesis, there are currently insufficient treatment options available, and many patients' medical needs are not being met. This is partly due to the historical scarcity of ex vivo assays and animal models that accurately recapitulate the disease. Thus, we have developed a standardised whole‐tissue explant model of HS to examine its pathogenic mechanisms and the efficacy of potential treatments within intact human tissue. We measured cytokine protein and RNA within whole tissue maintained in an agar‐media solution, finding that IL‐6 and IL‐8 concentrations trended upwards in both HS explants and healthy controls, while IL‐17A, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α exhibited increases in HS tissue alone. We also show that the explants were responsive to treatment with both dexamethasone and IL‐2. Not only do our results show that this model effectively delivers treatments throughout the explants, but they also elucidate which cytokines are related to the explant process regardless of tissue state and which are related to HS tissue specifically, laying the groundwork for future implementations of this model.
Quantification of Data Imbalance
Authors: Wibbeke Jelke , Rohjans Sebastian , Rauh Andreas 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this article, we propose a novel approach to quantify the imbalance in data, addressing a significant gap in the field of regression analysis. Real‐world datasets often exhibit an inherent imbalance in their data distribution, which adversely affects learning algorithms such as those used in neural networks. This results in less accurate learning of rare occurrences and a model bias towards more frequent cases, posing challenges in scenarios where rare events are crucial, like energy load prediction. While many solutions exist for classification problems with imbalanced data, regression problems lack adequate research. To address this, we introduce a method to quantify data imbalance by defining it as the disparity between the probability distribution of the data and a relevance‐associated distribution. Our approach includes various metrics that can handle multivariate data, allowing for the identification of imbalanced samples and the abstract quantification of imbalance through the mean imbalance ratio. This method facilitates the comparison of regression datasets based on their imbalance, providing insights into dataset quality and evaluating data resampling techniques. We validate our approach using synthetic data and compare it to established metrics such as the Kullback–Leibler divergence and the Wasserstein metric. Furthermore, analysis of real datasets shows a moderate correlation between sample rarity and the approximation error of neural networks, extreme gradient boosting trees and random forests, indicating that underrepresented samples are linked to higher approximation errors.
Understanding Emotional Well‐Being and Self‐Directed Professional Development of Language Teachers in a Private School: An Ecological Perspective
Authors: Irgin Pelin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAdopting a nested model of ecological systems, this study investigated how language teachers working in a private elementary school in Turkey experienced their emotional well‐being and what factors affected their emotional well‐being and self‐directed professional development. A biodata questionnaire, semi‐structured interviews, and journal writing were leveraged to identify the participants’ dynamic changes in their well‐being and professional development. The language teachers’ emotional well‐being and their teaching experiences were qualitatively analyzed under four categories namely, micro‐, meso‐, exo‐, and macrosystems of the nested ecosystem model. A grounded theory approach was used for the qualitative analysis, and the emergent codes were compared to reveal the dimensions of the dynamic ecological changes. The findings of the study provided evidence to support the dynamically changing trajectories and variables in language teachers’ emotional well‐being and their self‐directed professional development related to individual and contextual factors, namely feeling emotionally depleted and on edge in a volatile world, precarious employment, unstable schedules, and parental pressure eclipsing teacher roles. However, the sense of cooperation and collegiality among the language teachers allowed them to cope with the challenges and empowered them to tap into their professional career goals. The findings of this study contribute to the knowledge of language teachers’ well‐being and resilience in their instructional environment and provide implications for future research for language teacher professional development.
Emerging Role of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Treating Granuloma Annulare: A Clinical, Narrative Review of Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Heidari Sama , Omid Reza , Babaie Hanie , Aryanian Zeinab 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGranuloma annulare (GA) is a non‐infectious, granulomatous skin disease with an unknown pathoetiology whose treatment remains challenging. In recent decades, the Janus kinase‐signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK–STAT) pathway have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various skin diseases, including GA. This pathway involves T‐helpers and macrophages, launching a cytokine cascade that plays a crucial role in the disease pathology. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors can prevent cytokine involvement. To date, limited clinical data has been reported about the effectiveness of JAK inhibitors on granulomatous diseases. This review aims to examine studies that have reported off‐label use of different JAK inhibitors in treating GA, focusing on their effectiveness and safety. Since there is no definitive treatment for GA, evaluating the role of JAK inhibitors could help establish a consensus on their future use in this type of medication.
Summary of the clinical practice guideline for the management of urinary stones, third edition
Authors: Miyazawa Katsuhito , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Iguchi Taro , Chikazawa Ippei , Yasui Takahiro , Takahashi Satoru , Hinotsu Shiro , Akakura Koichiro , Iida Shizuka , Ishito Noritaka , Inoue Takaaki , Kohjimoto Yasuo , Sakamoto Shinichi , Sato Yoshikazu , Takazawa Ryoji , Takayama Tatsuya , Tsujihata Masao , Naya Yukio , Hamamoto Shuzo , Masai Motoyuki , Masaki Takuro , Matsuzaki Junichi , Mugiya Soichi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis third edition of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Urinary stones (2023) has been developed under the leadership of the Japanese Urological Association, the Japanese Society of Endourology and Robotics, and the Japanese Society on Urolithiasis Research. This revision adheres to the Minds Manual for Guideline Development (2017) and incorporates new findings from a nationwide survey conducted in 2015, which highlighted the epidemiological characteristics of urolithiasis in Japan since the previous guidelines were published in 2013. A significant advancement in this edition is the systematic review (SR) methodology applied to formulate recommendations for 12 clinical questions (CQs). Both quantitative and qualitative SRs were performed, leading to recommendations determined through consensus among 21 members of the guideline development group. Additionally, nine algorithms were created to support clinical decision‐making based on these findings. Topics not addressed by the CQs, considered as foundational knowledge, are outlined in an “Explanation of Related Matters” section, which includes 26 items. This article provides an overview of these guidelines. This section ensures that practitioners have access to comprehensive information, covering aspects of urolithiasis management beyond the scope of the systematic reviews. This article provides an overview of the guidelines, emphasizing their relevance and importance in improving the management and treatment outcomes for patients with urinary stones. The guidelines are designed to be a practical resource for clinicians, facilitating evidence‐based care in the evolving landscape of urolithiasis treatment.