bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the Polish Baltic Coast
Authors: Klasa Anna , Kaczorowska Elżbieta , Soszyński Bogusław 
Published: October 2011

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the Polish Baltic Coast
The paper contains faunistic information on 53 species of Tephritidae recorded on the Polish Baltic Coast. Species characteristic of this region are associated with brackish meadows (Campiglossa plantaginis), wet meadows (Tephritis angustipennis and Campiglossa argyrocephala), and sandy grassland (Chaetorellia acrolophi). The last-mentioned species is recorded in the Polish fauna for the first time.
Breeding success and breeding population trends of waterfowl: implications for monitoring
Authors: Rönkä Mia , Saari Lennart , Hario Martti , Hänninen Jari , Lehikoinen Esa 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTraditional waterfowl monitoring includes only breeding or non‐breeding population sizes, but the assessment of breeding success would provide valuable information for the interpretation of population trends, as well as for the early targeting of management measures and further studies. The relationship between breeding success and subsequent breeding population trends is not very well‐known in particular for many waterfowl species. Using transfer function (TF) models, we analysed the relationship between breeding success measured as duckling numbers and post‐breeding population sizes (i.e. the numbers of adults and ducklings in July), and subsequent breeding population trends for the mallard Anas platyrhynchos, common eider Somateria mollissima, common merganser Mergus merganser and goldeneye Bucephala clangula in Aasla, an island in southwestern Finland. In addition, we used data on the common eider in Söderskär, an island group in the Gulf of Finland, to analyse the extent to which fledgling numbers transform into recruitment and breeding population size. As a complement to the traditional methods of population monitoring, we present a simple and cost‐effective method for the assessment of breeding success: the monitoring of post‐breeding population sizes (including both adults and young). The breeding population sizes of the mallard, common eider and common merganser were positively related to their breeding success with a time lag corresponding to their recruitment age. For the common eider, the effect of the recruitment number on subsequent breeding population size seemed to last for up to three years after recruitment. There was a coupling between the post‐breeding sizes and the subsequent breeding population sizes of the mallard, common eider and goldeneye with a lag corresponding to the recruitment age for the mallard and the common eider, but for goldeneye, one year later than the usual recruitment age. The chicks seem to recruit to the local breeding population to an extent that is sufficient for affecting local breeding population trends. Our results indicate that the annual breeding success of our target species can be assessed on the basis of their post‐breeding population sizes. This easy and rapid monitoring method for breeding success is also suitable for voluntary bird watchers.
The quiet revolution: retractorless surgery for complex vascular and skull base lesions
Authors: Spetzler Robert F. , Sanai Nader 
Published: October 2011

Object
Smaller operative exposures, endoscopic approaches, and minimally invasive neurosurgery have emerged as a dominant trend in the modern era. In keeping with this evolution, the authors have recently eliminated the use of fixed retractors, instead employing dynamic retraction, with the use of handheld instruments. In the present study, the authors report the results of applying this strategy to challenging vascular and skull base lesions.

Methods
This 6-month study prospectively analyzed the use of retractorless surgery in a consecutive series of 223 patients with intracranial vascular or skull base lesions undergoing craniotomy. A single surgeon performed all operations.

Results
The microsurgical approaches (in descending order of frequency) included an orbitozygomatic craniotomy (77 patients [35%]), frontal (36 patients [16%]), retrosigmoid (27 patients [12%]), interhemispheric (16 patients [7%]), and lateral supracerebellar (15 patients [7%]). The most common lesions were aneurysms (83 lesions overall [37%]), 18 of which required a bypass. Of 159 vascular lesions, there were also 46 cavernous malformations (29%). Meningiomas were the most common skull base tumors (37 cases [58%]). Of the 223 patients, 7 cases of various vascular and skull base lesions required fixed retraction. Therefore, 97% of the cases were successfully treated without a self-retaining retractor system.

Conclusions
Fixed retraction can be supplanted by dynamic retraction with surgical instruments, limiting the risk of retractor-induced tissue edema and injury. This quiet revolution has precipitated a major change in surgical techniques. Extensive dissection of arachnoidal planes, careful placement of the handheld suction device, patient positioning that enhances gravity retraction, the refinement of microsurgical instrumentation, and appropriate selection of the operative corridor all serve to obviate the need for fixed retraction in most intracranial procedures. Retractorless neurosurgery is an achievable goal, even when complex lesions of the vasculature and skull base are being treated.
Prospective cohort study of mild cervical spondylotic myelopathy without surgical treatment
Authors: Sumi Masatoshi , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Suzuki Teppei , Kaneyama Shuichi , Kanatani Takako , Uno Koki 
Published: October 2011

Object
Because the main pathology of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is spinal cord damage due to compression, surgical treatment is usually recommended to improve patient symptoms and prevent exacerbation. However, lack of clarity of prognosis in cases that present with insignificant symptoms, particularly those of mild CSM, lead one to question the veracity of this course of action. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the prognosis of mild CSM without surgical intervention by evaluation of clinical symptoms and MR imaging findings.

Methods
Sixty cases of mild CSM (42 males and 18 females, average age 57.2 years) presenting with scores of 13 or higher on the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale were treated initially by in-bed Good Samaritan cervical traction without surgery. These patients were enrolled between 1995 and 2003 and followed up periodically until the date of myelopathy deterioration or until the end of March 2009. The deterioration of myelopathy was defined as a decline in JOA score to less than 13 with a decrease of at least 2 points. As a prognostic factor, the authors used their classification of spinal cord shapes at their lateral sides on axial T1-weighted MR imaging. “Ovoid deformity” was classified as a situation in which both sides were round and convex, and “angular-edged deformity” where one or both sides exhibited an acute-angled lateral corner. The duration of follow-up was assessed as the tolerance rate of mild CSM using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and compared between 2 groups classified by MR imaging findings. Furthermore, differences between groups were analyzed by various applications of the log-rank test.

Results
Of the initial 60 cases, follow-up records existed for 55, giving a follow-up rate of 91.7% (38 males and 17 females, average age 56.1 years). The mean JOA score at end point was 14.1, which was not statistically different from the mean of 14.5 at the initial visit. Deterioration in myelopathy was observed in 14 (25.5%) of 55 cases, whereas 41 (74.5%) of 55 cases maintained mild extent myelopathy without deterioration through the follow-up period (mean 94.3 months). The total tolerance rate of mild CSM was 70%. However, there was a significant difference in the tolerance rate between the cases with angular-edged deformity (58%) and cases with ovoid deformity (95%; p = 0.049).

Conclusions
The tolerance rate of mild CSM was 70% in this study, which proved that the prognosis of mild CSM without surgical treatment was relatively good. However, the tolerance rate of the cases with angular-edged deformity was 58%. Therefore, surgical treatment should be considered when mild CSM cases show angular-edged deformity on axial MR imaging, even if patients lack significant symptoms.
Interventions to Prevent Falls in Older Adults
Authors: Guirguis-Blake Janelle M. , Perdue Leslie A. , Coppola Erin L. , Bean Sarah I. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceFalls are the most common cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality in older adults.ObjectiveTo systematically review evidence on the effectiveness and harms of fall prevention interventions in community-dwelling older adults.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials for relevant English-language literature published between January 1, 2016, and May 8, 2023, with ongoing surveillance through March 22, 2024.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials of interventions to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults 65 years or older.Data Extraction and SynthesisCritical appraisal and data abstraction by 2 independent reviewers. Random-effects meta-analyses with Knapp-Hartung adjustment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFalls, injurious falls, fall-related fractures, hospitalizations or emergency department visits, people with 1 or more falls, people with injurious falls, people with fall-related fractures, and harms.ResultsEighty-three fair- to good-quality randomized clinical trials (n = 48 839) examined the effectiveness of 6 fall prevention interventions in older adults. This article focuses on the 2 most studied intervention types: multifactorial (28 studies; n = 27 784) and exercise (37 studies; n = 16 117) interventions. Multifactorial interventions were associated with a statistically significant reduction in falls (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.84 [95% CI, 0.74-0.95]) but not a statistically significant reduction in individual risk of 1 or more falls (relative risk [RR], 0.96 [95% CI, 0.91-1.02]), injurious falls (IRR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.84-1.01]), fall-related fractures (IRR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.81-1.26]), individual risk of injurious falls (RR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.83-1.02]), or individual risk of fall-related fractures (RR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.60-1.24]). Exercise interventions were associated with statistically significant reductions in falls (IRR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.75-0.96]), individual risk of 1 or more falls (RR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.87-0.98]), and injurious falls (IRR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.74-0.95]) but not individual risk of injurious falls (RR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.79-1.02]). Harms associated with multifactorial and exercise interventions were not well reported and were generally rare, minor musculoskeletal symptoms associated with exercise.Conclusions and RelevanceMultifactorial and exercise interventions were associated with reduced falls in multiple good-quality trials. Exercise demonstrated the most consistent statistically significant benefit across multiple fall-related outcomes.
Low‐Emissivity Patterned Camouflage for Visible and Infrared Stealth
Authors: Gao Yufei , Long Linshuang , Liu Yuchi , Tang Zhipeng , Ye Hong 
Published: June 2024

The development of multispectral detection emphasizes the significance of multispectra‐compatible camouflage technology, necessitating compatible camouflage for visible and infrared bands. Conventional painted camouflage is hindered by high infrared emissivity, and crafting patterns with existing low‐emissivity materials is hindered by the lack of adequate colors. Herein, this study introduces a method to reduce the emissivity while maintaining its original color. By covering a metafilm that reflects most infrared radiation on conventional patterned camouflage, low‐emissivity coatings are achieved. The thickness of the metafilm is optimized, effectively reducing color differences between uncoated and coated camouflage. Monochromatic substrates with the metafilm retain original colors with small color differences (e.g., 0.61) and demonstrate low infrared emissivity (0.03). Patterned camouflage yields an area‐weighted color difference of 9.09 with an infrared emissivity of 0.05. Experimental application on grassland backgrounds demonstrates visual integration with the background. Infrared thermography shows that coated camouflages, compared to uncoated ones, exhibits significantly reduced radiant temperature (29.5 °C vs. 43.0 °C) when heated to 50 °C against a 29.5 °C background, enhancing its blending capability. This metafilm effectively mitigates infrared emissivity while maintaining original colors and patterns, facilitating efficient camouflage across visible and infrared spectrums.
Multi‐Task Mixture Density Graph Neural Networks for Predicting Catalyst Performance
Authors: Liang Chen , Wang Bowen , Hao Shaogang , Chen Guangyong , Heng Pheng‐Ann , Zou Xiaolong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGraph neural networks (GNNs) have drawn more and more attention from material scientists and demonstrated a strong capacity to establish connections between structures and properties. However, with only unrelaxed structures provided as input, few GNN models can predict the thermodynamic properties of relaxed configurations with an acceptable level of error. In this work, a multi‐task (MT) architecture based on DimeNet++ and mixture density networks is developed to improve the performance of such task. Taking CO adsorption on Cu‐based single‐atom alloy catalysts as an example, the method can reliably predict CO adsorption energy with a mean absolute error of 0.087 eV from the initial CO adsorption structures without costly first‐principles calculations. Compared to other state‐of‐the‐art GNN methods, the model exhibits improved generalization ability when predicting the catalytic performance of out‐of‐distribution configurations, built with either unseen substrate surfaces or doping species. Further, the enhancement of expressivity has also been demonstrated on the IS2RE predicting task in the Open Catalyst 2020 project. The proposed MT GNN strategy can facilitate the catalyst discovery and optimization process.
Flame‐Retardant, Self‐Purging, High‐Voltage Electrolyte for Safe and Long‐Cycling Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhu Chunlei , Wu Daxiong , Wang Chuan , Ma Jianmin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSodium metal batteries (SMBs) remain greatly challenging in safety and stability. Herein, a flame‐retardant s designed, self‐purging high‐voltage electrolyte is designed to stabilize SMBs with the use of ethoxy (pentafluoro) cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) as the electrolyte additive. PFPN can participate in the shell structure of solvation through stronger van der Waals force to form Na3N, NaF‐rich solid/cathode electrolyte interphase (SEI/CEI) with electronic insulation and fast ion transport. Moreover, harmful impurity (PF5) also can be scavenged by van der Waals force to avoid HF production, which helps to stabilize the electrode interface. Additionally, combustion radicals (H, HO) can be cleared by van der Waals force between radical (RPO) formed by breaking with PFPN and combustion radicals for flame‐retardation purpose. As expected, the high‐voltage Na||Na3V2(PO4)2O2F battery with modified electrolyte can deliver reservation of 92.4%, CE of 99.71% after 2000 cycles, and simultaneously possess excellent high‐rate and fast charging/slow discharging performance.
Achieving Planar Zn Electroplating in Aqueous Zinc Batteries with Cathode‐Compatible Current Densities by Cycling under Pressure
Authors: Li Zixuan , Yuan Yi , Pu Shengda D. , Qi Rui , Ding Shenghuan , Qin Runzhi , Kareer Anna , Bruce Peter G. , Robertson Alex W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe value of aqueous zinc‐ion rechargeable batteries is held back by the degradation of the Zn metal anode with repeated cycling. While raising the operating current density is shown to alleviate this anode degradation, such high cycling rates are not compatible with full cells, as they cause Zn‐host cathodes to undergo capacity decay. A simple approach that improves anode performance while using more modest cathode‐compatible current densities is required. This work reports reversible planar Zn deposition under cathode‐compatible current densities can instead be achieved by applying external pressure to the cell. Employing multiscale characterization, this work illustrates how cycling under pressure results in denser and more uniform Zn deposition, analogous to that achieved under high cycling rates, even at low areal current densities of 1 to 10 mA cm−2. Microstructural mechanical measurements reveal that Zn structures plated under lower current densities are particularly susceptible to pressure‐induced compression. The ability to achieve planar Zn plating at cathode‐compatible current densities holds significant promise for enabling high‐capacity Zn‐ion battery full cells.
State of Play of Critical Mineral‐Based Catalysts for Electrochemical E‐Refinery to Synthetic Fuels
Authors: Ramadhany Putri , Luong Quang , Zhang Ziling , Leverett Josh , Samorì Paolo , Corrie Simon , Lovell Emma , Canbulat Ismet , Daiyan Rahman 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe pursuit of decarbonization involves leveraging waste CO2 for the production of valuable fuels and chemicals (e.g., ethanol, ethylene, and urea) through the electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). The efficacy of this process heavily depends on electrocatalyst performance, which is generally reliant on high loading of critical minerals. However, the supply of these minerals is susceptible to shortage and disruption, prompting concerns regarding their usage, particularly in electrocatalysis, requiring swift innovations to mitigate the supply risks. The reliance on critical minerals in catalyst fabrication can be reduced by implementing design strategies that improve the available active sites, thereby increasing the mass activity. This review seeks to discuss and analyze potential strategies, challenges, and opportunities for improving catalyst activity in CO2RR with a special attention to addressing the risks associated with critical mineral scarcity. By shedding light onto these aspects of critical mineral‐based catalyst systems, this review aims to inspire the development of high‐performance catalysts and facilitates the practical application of CO2RR technology, whilst mitigating adverse economic, environmental, and community impacts.
Reconfigurable Chiral Spintronic THz Emitters
Authors: Agarwal Piyush , Mishra Sobhan Subhra , Medwal Rohit , Mohan John Rex , Asada Hironori , Fukuma Yasuhiro , Singh Ranjan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCollective spin arrangements manifest diverse spin textures, encompassing ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and chiral vortices. However, mapping these spin textures in ultrathin magnetic multilayers has remained elusive. A reconfigurable chiral spintronic terahertz emission method is introduced through investigations on a model system of synthetic antiferromagnet and the spin information of individual ferromagnet (FM) layers is extracted. Upon femtosecond photoexcitation of the synthetic antiferromagnet (FM1/Ru/FM2), the ferromagnets generate a pair of linearly polarized ultrafast spin currents, which, after relaxation at the FM/Ru interface, emit corresponding THz pulses. The Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interactions between the two FMs give rise to magnetic‐field‐controlled spin textures causing a spin relaxation imbalance at the interfaces and induce a phase shift between the orthogonal components of the emitted terahertz fields, consequently reconfiguring the polarization of the emitted terahertz field from linear to circular. This approach offers a novel means of investigating electronic and magnetic states in ultrathin spintronic heterostructures, low‐dimensional quantum materials, topological insulators, and Weyl semimetals. Furthermore, it enables the exploration of spin textures, including skyrmions, merons, and solitons.
Efficient Second‐Harmonic Generation with Weak Polarization Sensitivity in Gallium Nitride Metasurfaces via Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Fan Kezhou , Chen Haohan , Sergeev Aleksandr A. , Xing Zengshan , Zhu Renqiang , Lau Kei May , Wu Lijun , Wong Kam Sing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBound states in the continuum (BICs) are widely exploited in all‐dielectric metasurfaces to significantly enhance the Q‐factor and second harmonic generation (SHG). However, a higher SHG conversion efficiency is overshadowed by the narrow transparency window of all‐dielectric materials and strict requirement of polarization‐matching. Herein, an augmented SHG assisted is demonstrated by symmetry‐protected quasi‐BICs from z‐cut wurtzite GaN metasurfaces, whose wide transparent range suppresses self‐absorption of second harmonic. Strong resonances emerge under both X‐ and Y‐polarized excitations, where the multipole characters of each eigenmode are quantitatively identified via decomposition simulations. The local field enhancement enabled by the extreme energy confinement of quasi‐BICs contributes to an efficient SHG, recording a conversion efficiency up to 2 × 10−7 at moderately low input peak intensity (≈1 GW cm−2), orders of magnitude larger than bulk GaN. With proper design, the overlapping X‐ and Y‐polarized resonances can support SHG from excitation with arbitrary polarizations. The alleviation of polarization‐matching remarkably enhances the SHG power by 66.2% under unpolarized illumination condition. The results of intense SHG reveal GaN as a promising candidate for high‐performance nanoscale nonlinear photonic devices. The weak polarization sensitivity of the designed structure will chart a novel course for the advancement of next‐generation efficient all‐dielectric metasurfaces.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Direct Hydrogenation of α,β‐Epoxy Ketones and α‐Ketoamides at Room Temperature
Authors: Shabade Anand B. , Singh Rahul K. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Punji Benudhar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChemoselective hydrogenation of α,β‐epoxy ketones and α‐ketoamides is achieved at room temperature (25 °C) using 2.0 bar H2 and a pincer‐ligated Mn(I) catalyst that provides synthetically valuable α‐hydroxy epoxides and α‐hydroxy amides. This protocol applies to a wide range of alkyl‐ and aryl‐substituted α,β‐epoxy ketones, including terpenes (α‐ionone, nootkatone, and R‐carvone)‐ and steroids (testosterone and progesterone)‐derived epoxy ketones, and tolerates H2 sensitive functionalities, such as halides, acetyl, nitrile, nitro, epoxide, alkenyl and alkynyl groups. Additionally, α‐ketoamides bearing reducible functional groups, including acetyl and diazo benzene, were untouched under this protocol and selectively converted to α‐hydroxy amides. A preliminary mechanistic study highlighted the metal‐ligand cooperative H2 activation process.
Radical Fluorosulfonamidation: A Facile Access to Sulfamoyl Fluorides
Authors: Wang Peng , Lin Lu , Huang Yao , Zhang Honghai , Liao Saihu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecently, the introduction of fluorosulfonyl (−SO2F) groups have attracted considerable research interests, as this moiety could often afford enhanced activities and new functions in the context of chemical biology and drug discovery. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of 1‐fluorosulfamoyl‐pyridinium (FSAP) salts, which could serve as an effective photoredox‐active precursor to fluorosulfamoyl radicals and enable the direct radical C−H fluorosulfonamidation of a variety of (hetero)arenes. This method features mild conditions, visible light, broad substrate scope, good group tolerance, etc., and a metal‐free protocol is also viable by using organic photocatalysts. Further, FSAP can also be applied to the radical functionalization of alkenes via 1,2‐difunctionalization, radical distal migration, tandem radical‐polar crossover reactions, etc. In addition, a formal C−H methylamination of (hetero)arenes by combining this radical C−H fluorosulfonamidation with subsequent hydrolysis as well as product derivatization are also demonstrated.