bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Tourist Potential of Rural Areas in Poland
Authors: Baum Sabine 
Published: March 2012

The Tourist Potential of Rural Areas in Poland
This paper critically examines the role tourism can play in the stabilisation and diversification of rural areas using the example of Poland. Based on the literature and statistical data, the past development and current state of rural tourism in Poland is analysed. Then an analytical framework based on Porter (1990) is developed to assess the future tourist potential of Polish rural areas and identify barriers and chances of tourist development. The analysis revealed that the future tourist potential of rural areas in Poland is limited and often overestimated. Considerable deficits on the supply side and poor financial resources are combined with a limited and recently shrinking demand. The economic significance of tourism in most rural areas outside of the traditional tourist destinations has so far been marginal. Rural tourism in Poland can grow on a small scale and in niche markets requiring: 1) sound market research at national level, 2) regional tourism strategies based on an analysis of the seven depicted success factors, 3) organisations and intersectoral partnerships at regional level, and 4) a high level of interest and initiative of the local population to develop creative ideas for supply ‘bundles’ and to overcome the numerous barriers. Rural tourism is not a panacea for the structural problems of rural areas in Poland. The majority of regions - particularly outside of the traditional tourist destinations and far from big cities - will have to base their diversification on more pillars than tourism.
Description of Preadult Stages (Protonymphs and Deutonymphs) of Discourella Radnaensis (Willman, 1941) Species (Acarina: Anactinotrichida: Uropodina)
Authors: Constantinescu Ioana 
Published: March 2012

Description of Preadult Stages (Protonymphs and Deutonymphs) of Discourella Radnaensis (Willman, 1941) Species (Acarina: Anactinotrichida: Uropodina)
Discourella radnaensis species was described by Willmann from Slovenia, Radna city in 1941, the holotype being female. Since then, the species has not been collected, probably because Uropodina faunal studies in the Balkans were very few. Acarologic material was collected in Serbia, Djerdap National Park, Mount Veliki Strbac (768 m altitude), from litter of mixed deciduous forest and the bark of the decomposing trunk of deciduous trees. In addition to a female, individual protonymphs and deutonymphs were collected. Discourella radnaensis species is thus recorded for the first time in the fauna of Serbia, and pre-adult stages (protonymphs and deutonymphs) are described for the first time in literature.
Low Back and Hip Pain in a Postpartum Runner: Applying Ultrasound Imaging and Running Analysis
Authors: Thein-Nissenbaum Jill M. , Thompson Elizabeth F. , Chumanov Elizabeth S. , Heiderscheit Bryan 
Published: March 2012

Study Design Case report. Background Postpartum low back and hip dysfunction may be caused by an incomplete recovery of abdominal musculature and impaired neuromuscular control. The purpose of this report is to describe the management of a postpartum runner with hip and low back pain through exercise training via ultrasound imaging (USI) biofeedback combined with running-form modification. Case Description A postpartum runner with hip and low back pain underwent dynamic lumbar stabilization training with USI biofeedback and running-form modification to reduce mechanical loading. Muscle thickness of transversus abdominis and internal oblique was measured with USI preintervention and 7 weeks after completion of the intervention. Additionally, 3-dimensional lower extremity joint motions, moments, and powers were calculated during treadmill running. Outcomes The patient's pain with running decreased from a constant 9/10 (0, no pain; 10, worst pain) to an occasional 3/10 posttreatment. Transversus abdominis muscle thickness increased 6.3% during the abdominal drawing-in maneuver and 27.0% during the abdominal drawing-in maneuver with straight leg raise. Changes were also noted in the internal oblique. These findings corresponded to improved lumbopelvic control: pelvic list and axial rotation during running decreased 38% and 36%, respectively. The patient's running volume returned to preinjury levels (8.1–9.7 km, 3 days per week) with no hip pain and minimal low back pain, and she successfully completed her goal of running a half-marathon. Discussion The successful outcomes of this case support the consideration of dynamic lumbar stabilization exercises, USI biofeedback, and running-form modification in postpartum runners with lumbopelvic dysfunction. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(7):615–624, Epub 23 March 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3941
Antiviral Activity of Fnc, 2′-Deoxy-2′-β-Fluoro-4′-Azidocytidine, against Human and Duck HBV Replication
Authors: Zheng Liyun , Wang Qiang , Yang Xiaorui , Guo Xiaohe , Chen Lu , Tao Le , Dong Lihong , Li Yujiang , An Haoyun , Yu Xuejun , Wang Qingduan , Chang Junbiao 
Published: March 2012

Background New drugs are needed to combat HBV infection. We investigated the anti-HBV activity of the deoxycytidine analogue FNC, which has anticancer activity and has been found to inhibit HCV replication. Methods In this study, a human hepatoma HepG2.2.15 cell culture system and duck HBV (DHBV) infection model were used as the in vitro and in vivo models to evaluate the anti-HBV activity of FNC. Results In the cell model, FNC effectively suppressed the secretion of the HBV antigens in a dose-dependent manner, with 50% effective concentration values of 0.037 μM for hepatitis B surface antigen and 0.044 μM for hepatitis B e antigen on day 9. Consistent with the HBV antigen reduction, FNC also reduced the HBV DNA level by 92.31% and 93.90% intracellularly and extracellularly, respectively. DHBV DNA levels were markedly reduced after treatment with the FNC at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg•day dosages. The inhibition rate of FNC at the dose of 2.0 mg/ kg•day reached 91.68% and 81.96%, in duck serum and liver, respectively, on day 10. Furthermore, significant liver histology restoration after FNC treatment was observed, as evaluated by the histopathological analysis. Conclusions FNC can evidently inhibit the replication of HBV in the HepG2.2.15 cell line in vitro and inhibits DHBV replication in ducks in vivo. It could be potentially developed into a new anti-HBV drug.
Effects of Capture by Trammel Net on Colorado River Native Fishes
Authors: Hunt Teresa A. , Ward David L. , Propper Catherine R. , Gibb Alice C. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Trammel nets are commonly used to sample rare fishes; however, little research has assessed delayed mortality associated with this capture technique. We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate the effects of capture by trammel net on bonytail Gila elegans, razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus, and roundtail chub Gila robusta, at 15, 20, and 25°C. Fish (139–288 mm total length) were entangled in a trammel net for 2 h or captured by seine net and then monitored for mortality for at least 14 d. Blood samples were collected immediately after capture, and plasma cortisol levels were quantified as an index of capture-related stress. The cortisol response varied by species, but mean cortisol levels were higher for fish captured by trammel netting (295.9 ng/mL) relative to fish captured by seine netting (215.8 ng/mL). Only one fish (of 550) died during capture and handling, but 42% of the trammel-netted fish and 11% of the seine-netted fish died within 14 d after capture. In general, mortality after capture by trammel net increased with increased water temperature and at 25°C was 88% for bonytail, 94% for razorback sucker, and 25% for roundtail chub. Delayed mortality of wild-caught fish captured by trammel net has the potential to be high, at least under some circumstances. We suggest that sampling frequency, timing of sampling (relative to reproductive cycles), and water temperature all be considered carefully when using trammel nets to sample diminished populations of imperiled native fishes.
Guidance for New Motivational Interviewing Trainers When Training Addiction Professionals
Authors: Schumacher Julie A. , Coffey Scott F. , Walitzer Kimberly S. , Burke Randy S. , Williams Daniel C. , Norquist Grayson , Elkin T. David 
Published: March 2012

Evidence-based practices, such as motivational interviewing (MI), are not widely used in community alcohol and drug treatment settings. Successfully broadening the dissemination of MI will require numerous trainers and supervisors who are equipped to manage common barriers to technology transfer. The aims of the our survey of 36 MI trainers were: 1) to gather opinions about the optimal format, duration, and content for beginning level addiction-focused MI training conducted by novice trainers and 2) to identify the challenges most likely to be encountered during provision of beginninglevel MI training and supervision, as well as the most highly recommended strategies for managing those challenges in addiction treatment sites. It is hoped that the findings of this survey will help beginning trainers equip themselves for successful training experiences
Beauveria bassiana keratitis in bullous keratopathy: antifungal sensitivity testing and management
Authors: Figueira Luís , Pinheiro Dolores , Moreira Raul , Pinto Eugénia , Simões Joana , Camisa Elisa , Torrão Luís , Palmares Jorge , Falcão-Reis Fernando 
Published: March 2012

Purpose Beauveria bassiana is a ubiquitous fungus available as an insecticide. In humans, it has limited virulence; to our knowledge, only 3 cases of invasive disease and 10 cases of keratitis have been documented. Methods and Results We report the first case of B bassiana keratitis in a patient with aphakic bullous keratopathy. The fungal keratitis proved to be highly resistant to topical clotrimazole. Molecular identification was based on DNA sequence analysis. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) obtained were 2 µg/mL for voriconazole, 0.250 µg/mL for posaconazole, and >128 µg/mL for fluconazole; amphotericin B MIC was >16 µg/mL. In the absence of clinical improvement, a penetrating keratoplasty (PK) was performed. The patient was discharged on topical and systemic voriconazole and prednisolone 40 mg PO/day. The eye remained calm with a transparent cornea and clear anterior chamber. Conclusions B bassiana keratitis is extremely rare, with only a few cases reported. Its risk factors are unknown. We report the first case in a patient with aphakic bullous keratopathy, which proved highly resistant to antifungal therapy (antifungal susceptibility results are presented). A PK was necessary for clinical improvement. A review of the literature is performed in an effort to define therapeutic strategies.
Spiritual Physiologies: The Discernment of Spirits in Medieval and Early Modern Europe
Authors: Caciola Nancy , Sluhovsky Moshe 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT
From the later Middle Ages throughout the early modern period, the biblical injunction to “test the spirits” became the subject of an increasing number of treatises and practical case studies. The phrase was understood as an imperative to verify whether the preternatural abilities claimed by some individuals—chiefly women—derived from a divine, or rather from a demonic, spiritual origin. Efforts to locate spirits within the body, to map their interactions with individuals, and to exorcize them if they were determined to be evil in character, all were implicated in this centuries-long effort to distinguish good from evil inspiration. While it is self-evident that such practices had religious implications, this article argues that they also had much broader ramifications for the intellectual history of European culture. As the discernment of spirits grew and flourished, it helped foster the development of a culture of testing unseen dimensions of reality more broadly. The discourse of discernment of spirits represents a form of epistemological inquiry—a concern with verification of assumed truths, and with testing evidence—that challenges conventional narratives about the rise of experimental science.
The Horn and the Relic: Mapping the Contours of Authority and Religiosity in the Late Medieval Crown of Aragon
Authors: Ryan Michael A. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT
In their quests to acquire preternatural objects and exchange them with their social and economic peers, the last two count-kings of the Crown of Aragon, Joan el Caçador, “the Hunter” (r. 1387–96), and Martí l'Humà, “the Humane” (r. 1396–1410), applied the full range of mechanisms available in their courts and bureaucracies. The kings' vigorous participation in a late medieval spiritual economy is evidenced in their choice of quest objects—respectively pieces of unicorn horn and relics of local and transnational Christian saints—and their use of diplomatic means to acquire these tangible pieces of the preternatural. This article investigates the reigns and spiritual proclivities of these sibling sovereigns, Joan and Martí, illuminating to scholars of the medieval past the kings' markedly different personalities and ruling styles.
Synthesis, characterization and bioactivity determination of ferrocenyl urea derivatives
Authors: Liu Wei , Tang Yanting , Guo Yu , Sun Bo , Zhu Hemin , Xiao Yanyan , Dong Dandan , Yang Cheng 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTFourteen new ferrocene derivatives containing urea linker were synthesized from the reaction of ferrocenecarbonyl azide with aromatic amines. The structures of the synthetic compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. These organometallic compounds were evaluated by in vitro protease assay using fluorogenic substrate peptide, and several showed potent inhibition against HIV‐1 protease. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrophilicities of Bissulfonyl Ethylenes
Authors: Asahara Haruyasu , Mayr Herbert 
Published: March 2012

AbstractKinetics of the reactions of bissulfonyl ethylenes with various carbanions, a sulfur ylide, and siloxyalkenes have been investigated photometrically at 20 °C. The second‐order rate constants have been combined with the known nucleophile‐ specific parametersNandsNfor the nucleophiles to calculate the empirical electrophilicity parametersEof bissulfonyl ethylenes according to the linear free energy relationship logk(20 °C)=sN(N+E). Structure‐reactivity relationships are discussed, and it is shown that the electrophilicity parametersEderived in this work can be employed to define the synthetic potential of bissulfonyl ethylenes as Michael acceptors.
Sodium 1‐Naphthalenesulfonate‐Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Stabilizes Silver Nanoparticles with Lower Cytotoxicity and Long‐Term Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Cai Xiang , Tan Shaozao , Yu Aili , Zhang Jinglin , Liu Jiahao , Mai Wenjie , Jiang Zhenyou 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used in daily life for their antibacterial properties, but their low stability and high cytotoxicity hamper practical applications. In this work, sodium 1‐naphthalenesulfonate‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (NA‐rGO) was used as a substrate for AgNPs to produce a AgNP‐NA‐rGO hybrid. This hybrid showed substantially higher antibacterial activity than polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP)‐stabilized AgNPs, and the AgNPs on NA‐rGO were more stable than the AgNPs on PVP, resulting in long‐term antibacterial effects. More importantly, this hybrid showed excellent water solubility and low cytotoxicity, suggesting the great potential application as sprayable reduced graphene oxide based antibacterial solutions.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of 1,2‐Diborylalkenes and ‐Arenes with 1‐Bromo‐2‐[(Z)‐2‐bromoethenyl]arenes: A Modular Approach to Multisubstituted Naphthalenes and Fused Phenanthrenes
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Tomioka Yosuke , Nagao Ikuhiro , Kadowaki Tsugumi , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: March 2012

Abstract(Z)‐1,2‐Diaryl‐1,2‐bis(pinacolatoboryl)ethenes underwent double‐cross‐coupling reactions with 1‐bromo‐2‐[(Z)‐2‐bromoethenyl]arenes in the presence of [Pd(PPh3)4] as a catalyst and 3 M aqueous Cs2CO3 as a base in THF at 80 °C. The double‐coupling reaction gave multisubstituted naphthalenes in good to high yields. Annulation of 1,2‐bis(pinacolatoboryl)arenes with bromo(bromoethenyl)arenes in the presence of a catalyst system that consisted of [Pd2(dba)3] (dba=dibenzylideneacetone) and 2‐dicyclohexylphosphino‐2′,6′‐dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos) under the same conditions produced fused phenanthrenes in good to high yields. The first annulation coupling occurred regiospecifically at the bromoethenyl moiety. This procedure is applicable to the facile synthesis of polysubstituted anthracenes, benzothiophenes, and dibenzoanthracenes through a double annulation pathway by using the corresponding dibromobis[(Z)‐2‐bromoethenyl]benzenes as diboryl coupling partners.
Observer‐based fault diagnosis and self‐restore control for systems with measurement delays
Authors: Li Juan , Tang Gong‐You , Zhang Peng , Zou Jian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe problems of fault diagnosis and fault‐tolerant control are considered for systems with measurement delays. In contrast to the present fault diagnosis and fault‐tolerant control approaches, which consider only the input delay and/or state delay, the main contribution of this paper consists of proposing a new observer‐based reduced‐order fault diagnoser construction approach and a design approach to dynamic self‐restore fault‐tolerant control law for systems with measurement delays. First, the time‐delay system is transformed into a delay‐free system in form by a special functional‐based delay‐free transformation approach for measurement delays. Then, the fault diagnosis is realized online via the proposed reduced‐order fault diagnoser. Using the results of fault diagnosis, two dynamic self‐restore control laws are designed to make the system isolated from faults. A numerical example demonstrates the feasibility and validity of the proposed scheme.© 2012 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Sensitivity analysis of optimization models for isolated intersections with short left‐turn lanes on approaches
Authors: Yao Ronghan 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYShort left‐turn lanes are often channelized to improve capacity and level of service at signalized intersections. On the basis of previous achievements, this paper improves the joint optimization models for isolated signalized intersections with short left‐turn lanes and aims to analyze the sensitivity of the optimization results to the parameters (critical cycle length and maximum short‐lane length). To further clarify the effects of these models on traffic flow operations, several better optimization scenarios are simulated together with the existing one. The models and the methods are illustrated via the field data from Dalian, China. According to the analysis results, the optimum models and parameter values or ranges are recommended. Finally, the procedure of the model application is also proposed to apply in practice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Green Buildings and Organizational Changes in Italian Case Studies
Authors: Albino Vito , Berardi Umberto 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTInternational policies indicate the building sector as one of the most promising for sustainable development. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it has the greatest and cheapest potential for delivering significant greenhouse gas emission reduction. However, early experiences of sustainable construction have shown that both a social and a technical transition are required. Consequently, the changes in organizational aspects of firms involved in construction represent an urgent research theme. This paper investigates how inter‐firm relationships are changing as the sector moves towards green building. The organizational model between firms is described at the integration level with suppliers, the integration level between the general contractor and the design team, the degree of specialization of involved firms and their sustainability certifications. These features have been analyzed in case studies collecting data through interviews. This paper compares organizational aspects in traditional and green buildings. Results suggest that green buildings are associated with inter‐firm relationships of comakership with suppliers and with the design team, and with firms with a portfolio focused on sustainable projects. Finally, among the case studies, sustainability related certifications are scarcely related to the greenness level of the building. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Developing and Implementing an Appreciative ‘Quality of Care’ Approach to Child Neglect Practice
Authors: Carter Bernie 
Published: March 2012

Child neglect has a higher incidence than child abuse. Many practitioners and services are challenged by the ambiguity of determining what constitutes adequate care. In a strategic approach to child neglect, Blackburn with Darwen implemented appreciative working practices to support the introduction of the Graded Care Profile (GCP) − a tool for supporting judgements about child neglect. Alongside this initiative, an independent evaluation study using Appreciative Inquiry was undertaken to explore existing practice and to investigate what, if any, changes occurred in practice. Qualitative data were collected at two time points (a) during the training workshops and (b) in the implementation period. The target population was all workshop attendees (n = 200). Iterative thematic data analysis was undertaken. Despite some initial reservations, both appreciative practice and the GCP shifted the focus from a review of neglect to a consideration of care. The GCP added greater criticality to the practitioners' observations (in situations of both mild and intense neglect), illuminated the parents' strengths and particularly helped less experienced practitioners. Concerns raised about the tool were generally overcome through increased familiarity, although embedding is ongoing. The resulting appreciative discourse has engendered more meaningful ways of engaging with families and other practitioners. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Many practitioners and services are challenged by the ambiguity of determining what constitutes adequate care’‘Shifted the focus from a review of neglect to a consideration of care’
Operatic flash mob: Consumer arousal, connectedness and emotion
Authors: Grant Philip Stanley , Bal Anjali , Parent Michael 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis study examines the influence of an operatic flash mob on consumer behaviour and consumer experience in a public market. A field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of operatic music on consumers' emotions and connectedness in three conditions: spontaneous live music (flash mob), recorded music, and no music. We analyse audience responses to the shopping experience in all three conditions, with particular focus on temporary group formation and felt emotion. Results show that the flash mob enhanced consumer arousal, connectedness and positive emotions, as well as consumer‐to‐consumer interaction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.