bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Principals' leadership and teachers' motivation
Authors: Eyal Ori , Roth Guy 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between educational leadership and teacher's motivation. The research described here was anchored in the convergence of two fundamental theories of leadership and motivation: the full range model of leadership and self‐determination theory. The central hypotheses were that transformational leadership would predict autonomous motivation among teachers, whereas transactional leadership would predict controlled motivation. The authors further predicted that autonomous motivation would mediate the relations between transformational leadership and teachers' burnout and that controlled motivation would mediate the relations between transactional leadership and burnout.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaires assessing the variables of interest were completed by 122 Israeli teachers.FindingsResults, based on structure equation modeling, supported the hypotheses, suggesting that leadership styles among school principals play a significant role in teachers' motivation and well‐being.Research limitations/implicationsThe school's environment in Western society is characterized by many impositions and pressures that affect teachers' well‐being, as reflected in their quality and intensity of motivation, affect, and burnout. Thus, the present research findings suggest that if the power in educational systems is delegated to school principals, and if the latter are encouraged and trained to be autonomy supportive toward their educational staff, then these steps may potentially facilitate teachers' autonomous motivation, satisfaction, and well‐being.Originality/valueFew studies have examined the relationship between various styles of leadership and different types of motivation among followers. The present novel study has the potential to fill this gap by empirically studying the relationship between educational leadership and teachers' motivation.
Elements of gender‐related variability in the selection of school advisors in Greece
Authors: Anastasiou Sophia , Papakonstantinou Georgios 
Published: May 2011

PurposeIn many countries, including Greece, women are underrepresented in school management positions. Modern societies recognize sex inequalities in management as a significant social problem and implement human resource policies intended to reduce such problems. The purpose of this paper is to assess the level of gender inequality in the recent selection procedure for public school advisors in Greece and to compare the performance of women and men on the different selection criteria.Design/methodology/approachThe paper compares the scores of male and female teachers in the national assessment of the Greek Ministry of Education, during the 2007 secondary education selection procedure. The data for the 2007 assessment procedure for the selection of secondary education school advisors were obtained. There were 1,137 candidates of whom 404 were selected as school advisors. These groups were analysed and grouped according to different criteria: sex, postgraduate qualifications, work experience, and score in a written examination. The differences in scores between groups were tested for statistical significance using a one‐way analysis of variance. A regression analysis was conducted to investigate the possible relationship between the score before the interview of female and male candidates and the score in the interview process.FindingsThe results indicate that the number of women candidates is lower than the expected number according to the proportion of women and men teachers in secondary education in Greece. Both men and women candidates appear to have scored the highest percentage of their credit points from the interview and not from the other selection criteria. Women achieved significantly better scores in knowledge of foreign languages and the scientific criteria, whereas men scored better in the publication of educational books. Prior to the interview assessment, women scored better than men. After the interview assessment, there were no gender‐related differences. For both men and women, the interview score was not related to the score on the other selection criteria. There is no evidence that women do not posses the average qualifications or merit to be selected as school advisors.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to investigate the elements of gender inequality in the selection procedure for secondary education school advisors in Greece.
Cognitive and institutional predictors of initial trust toward an online retailer
Authors: Eastlick Mary Ann , Lotz Sherry 
Published: May 2011

PurposeVia an initial trust‐building model, the purpose of this paper is to examine consumers' initial trust in an unfamiliar online retailer, considering cognitive perceptions of the retailer and institutional beliefs about the online environment.Design/methodology/approachA random sample of 2,000 US households, resulting in 477 usable responses, was surveyed by assigning subjects to one of the two shopping scenarios portraying an online insurance retailer with a weak or strong reputation.FindingsStructural equation modelling revealed that second‐hand cognitive and first‐hand institutional information have comparable and contrasting effects on purchase intent through formation of initial trust.Research limitations/implicationsResults imply that consumers form initial trust using a combination of cognitive perceptions about the online retailer and consumers' institutional beliefs regarding the online environment. Ways in which researchers and online retailers can shape initial trust formation via these antecedents are suggested.Originality/valueThe influence of an institutional belief, situational normality of the online environment, on initial trust has not been previously investigated by simultaneously assessing relative influences of institutional beliefs and cognitive perceptions of the online retailer.
Music and consumption experience: a review
Authors: Jain Rajnish , Bagdare Shilpa 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this review is to examine the influence of music on consumption experience and explore the relationships between musical variables and consumer responses in the context of retailing.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the review of studies conducted over last 30 years, empirical and conceptual, dealing with a large number of music‐related variables and their impact on various dimensions of consumption experience.FindingsThe studies report that music influences consumption experience at cognitive, emotional, and behavioural levels, specifically with regard to attitudes and perceptions, time and money spend, and moods and feelings, in retail experience. The influence of music is moderated by customer and store profiles, purchase timings, and other ambience factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provides important insights into critical issues related to influence of music, for future research.Practical implicationsThe research brings out important issues for designing musical environment in the retail stores to influence shopping experience and consumer responses.Originality/valueBased on a critical review of important studies, the present paper proposes a framework to understand the effect of music on consumption experience in retail stores.
Retailers' preparedness for the introduction of third wave (ubiquitous) computing applications
Authors: Bennett Roger , Savani Sharmila 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the state of readiness of large UK based retailing companies for the introduction of ubiquitous computing (U‐computing) retailing applications.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was distributed to a sampling frame of large British retailers, leading to 255 responses. The document contained items concerning, inter alia, a firm's level of preparedness, managerial attitudes towards and support for U‐computing applications, strategic fit and pre‐existing IT capacities.FindingsA third of the respondents reported the existence of a “good fit” between U‐computing retail applications and their companies' products, activities and core competencies. However, only 20 per cent of the sample appeared to be well‐prepared for the introduction of U‐computing. There was little evidence of the sample enterprises adopting strategic approaches to implementation.Research limitations/implicationsOnly a minority of the firms in the sampling frame participated in the research and the sample size was modest. Data were self‐reported and only a single country was considered. The study concerned just large businesses.Practical implicationsThe outcomes suggest a widespread “wait and see” approach towards U‐computing among the sample businesses and a distinct lack of strategic thinking regarding implementation.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study to explore the prospective introduction to British retailing of a new technology that possesses the potential to revolutionise the operations of UK retailing firms.
Factors determining inshopping in rural US communities
Authors: Mullis Katy , Kim Minjeong 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine factors influencing rural consumers' inshopping behaviours and to examine rural retailers' perceptions of the current rural retailing environment.Design/methodology/approachThis study was comprised of two phases. In Phase 1, consumer surveys were conducted in three rural US communities. In Phase 2, in‐depth interviews with retailers selected from the same communities were conducted.FindingsThe findings of the consumer surveys supported all hypothesised relationships, except the direct effect of community attachment on inshopping intention. The findings of the retailer interviews provided useful insights as to the challenges rural retailers are currently facing.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings have implications for both retailers and community leaders in rural places who wish to improve their understanding of the challenges and opportunities rural retailers face and subsequently develop strategies to promote inshopping behaviours.Originality/valueThis study examined both consumers and retailers in the context of rural retailing. Thus, the findings provide a more complete picture of the current retail industry in rural communities.
Does formality matter?
Authors: Yan Ruoh‐Nan , Yurchisin Jennifer , Watchravesringkan Kittichai 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold. First, this study aims to understand whether and how sales employee clothing style would influence consumers' perceptions of store image through their expectations of service quality. Second, this study hopes to uncover how fashion orientation would influence the aforementioned relationship.Design/methodology/approachA 3 (formality of employee clothing: formal vs moderate vs casual) × 2 (level of fashion orientation: low vs high) between‐subject experiment design was conducted. Data were collected from 105 university students in a laboratory setting.FindingsResults indicated that formality of employee clothing (i.e. formal business, moderate, or casual attire) served as a cue in the retail environment for consumers to make inferences about the service quality expected to be provided by the sales employee. Furthermore, formality of employee clothing both directly and indirectly influenced consumers' perceptions of store image.Research limitations/implicationsThis study adds to existing literature by uncovering the moderating role of fashion orientation in consumers' service quality expectations and confirms the function of service quality as an antecedent to store image.Practical implicationsRetailers should pay attention to the design of their salespeople's clothing because different clothing styles draw forth different evaluations from customers about the service quality provided in retail stores.Originality/valueThis study investigates the role of clothing formality in influencing consumers' service quality expectations.
The impact of anchor stores on the performance of shopping centres: the case of Sonae Sierra
Authors: Simona Damian Diana , Dias Curto José , Castro Pinto José 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of anchor stores on the performance and results of shopping centres and on the prices practiced by other stores. It analyses the customer spill‐over effect of the anchor stores on the Sonae Sierra shopping centres. Incorporated in Portugal in 1989, Sonae Sierra is an international corporation specializing in shopping centres. It is co‐owned by Sonae (Portugal) and Grosvenor (UK) who each own 50 per cent.Design/methodology/approachThe data collection targeted 35 shopping centres in Portugal and Spain with 1,200,000 square feet (or more), for three consecutive years (2005‐2007). The anchor stores provide about 41 per cent of the total gross lettable area and on average pay only 18 per cent of the total rent collected by the developer. The ordinary least squares and Kruskal‐Wallis statistic (in order to avoid ANOVA assumption violations) are used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe empirical analysis shows that a greater presence of anchors in a mall directly increases the sales, and consequently the rents of non‐anchor stores in a mall. The authors demonstrate that externalities are internalized by efficient allocation of space and incentives across stores, and also show that the anchor stores increased the malls' customer drawing power, measured as the number of people who visited the mall at a given time, although lately they have had less impact on the sales per person visiting the centres.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited in that it surveyed only Sonae Sierra shopping centres, hence the results can only be generalized using this model as a basis. Other limitations were an inability to gather data on customer purchasing power in the areas surrounding the Sonae Sierra shopping centres, and the need to safeguard the confidentiality of the information, which did not allow the use of more independent variables for the models.Practical implicationsIt is demonstrated that the total sales of the shopping malls are directly influenced by the number of anchors, and that the area allocated to them is a strategic tool.Originality/valueThe paper uses unique data consisting of mall store contracts to study the complex economic issues that arise when stores co‐occupy a large shopping centre.
Comparing Chinese and American attitudes towards complaining
Authors: Ekiz Erdogan H. , Au Norman 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe current research aims to explore the possible effects of attitude towards complaining (ATC) on intention to remain loyal to hotels and to compare Chinese and American ATC in this perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe sample of the study consisted of Chinese and American graduate students, who were selected through the non‐probability convenience sampling technique. A total of 1,822 questionnaires were found to be useful and data from these questionnaires were tested through SPSS and LISREL statistical software.FindingsFindings indicate that culture clearly affects ATC and general intention to stay loyal which suggests that practitioners should consider the cultural background of their customers while designing and implementing their service recovery systems. Results show that Chinese respondents tend to forgive and forget failures, whereas Americans seek a remedy from third parties.Research limitations/implicationsOnly relationships between ATC and loyalty were investigated in this research; thus inclusion of other dimensions would provide further insights. Although the use of student sample and scenario is well‐justified and a common practice, future studies may consider collecting data from actual tourists. Data analyzed in this research were cross‐sectional and collected using convenience sampling; future studies may use random sampling and consider conducting longitudinal research.Originality/valueThere is a paucity of cross‐cultural research investigating ATC. China and America's current and potential significance in global tourism is undeniable. Moreover, they are ideal examples of their respective culture clusters; thus studying Chinese and American ATC provides significant insights for both industry practitioners and academics.
Wanted: training competencies for the twenty‐first century
Authors: Kalargyrou Valentini , Woods Robert H. 
Published: May 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this research paper is to describe the results and implications of the training professionals' competencies in the hospitality industry in the USA.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative implicit method, in‐depth interviews using pictures were conducted with ten training professionals, where metaphors were widely used and links between concepts were identified. The qualitative software Atlas ti was used in creating a consensus map: a display showing the required competencies of training professionals in hospitality.FindingsThe training competencies that resulted from the current study are imperative for the effectiveness of training and development such as teamwork, inspiration‐motivation, creativity, mentoring, keeping current, proactiveness, active listening, staying healthy, training measurement, consistency, and love and passion for the profession.Research limitations/implicationsIn‐depth interviews using pictures is an implicit research technique that attempts to reveal the unconscious thoughts and opinions of training professionals. The study took place in Las Vegas, Nevada, a unique tourist destination, and the interviewees were employed by large hotel‐casino corporations. Future studies need to research different sizes of hospitality institutions and different tourist destinations.Practical implicationsHuman resources management can use the outcome of the study as a guide for compiling competency‐based job analyses for training positions, and consequently recruit and appraise training professionals based on these job specifications. Moreover, the outcome of the paper can be proven beneficial not only for hospitality executives, and future and current training professionals, but also for educators since training and teaching show‐case many similarities.Social implicationsImproved and efficient training will result in lower employee turnover since employees will rate higher in job satisfaction and consequently that will result in better customer service and returning business for the company; a win‐win situation for all involved stakeholders in a hospitality company.Originality/valueBoth hospitality executives and future and current training professionals should find these research results most interesting as they reveal the necessary competencies that will enable them to best train and develop hospitality employees.
Hospitality finance research during recent two decades
Authors: (Shawn) Jang SooCheong , Park Kwangmin 
Published: May 2011

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to understand hospitality finance research through content analysis by examining articles published during the past two decades (1990 to 2009).

Design/methodology/approach
– This study identified subject areas, methodologies, and citations from hospitality finance papers published in four major hospitality journals (Journal of Hospitality
&
Tourism Research, International Journal of Hospitality Management, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, and Cornell Hospitality Quarterly).

Findings
– A perusal of 113 hospitality finance articles suggested that researchers have focused on several subjects, such as risk management, financing, bankruptcy, and capital structure. Even though qualitative analysis was the most common method in the 1990s, the use of quantitative analyses dramatically increased during the recent decade.

Research limitations/implications
– The data were collected from four hospitality journals. If data were collected from more hospitality journals, the most common subjects and citations might be different from the results of this study.

Practical implications
– This study offers readers a perspective on how hospitality finance research has been conducted recently and also suggests a big picture about the potential direction of future research.

Originality/value
– This study provides valuable information about past and current research streams, as well as the direction of hospitality finance research. Compared with previous review studies, this study concentrated on a specific segment of hospitality research in order to improve basic understanding of what is going on in the hospitality finance research, which has never been examined before.
Hospitality HRM: past, present and the future
Authors: C.G. Davidson Michael , McPhail Ruth , Barry Shane 
Published: May 2011

Purpose
– This paper aims to review the past, current and future trends in human resource management (HRM) in the hospitality industry, with a specific focus on large international hotels. The setting of this review is within the context of general HRM theory development.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper provides a detailed review of the literature, background, issues and trends in HRM. It moves from the generic HR review to examine the hospitality industry and specific identifiable trends and issues. Additionally, personal communication with senior industry executives is used to highlight specific areas.

Findings
– Issues of training and skills development and of service quality are as important in the future as in the past. Technology is now set to revolutionise the way HRM is conducted. Generational change and how Generations X and Y view work require new approaches for HRM. Casualisation and outsourcing will become more dominant methods of employment. Strategic human resource management (SHRM) and its practices have the flexibility to add value to future hospitality firm performance. The future of HRM in the hospitality industry will need to take into account the various trends but will also be influenced by local circumstances.

Research limitations/implications
– This is a conceptual paper based on a review of literature that addresses a large area of both generic and hospitality HRM, and focuses on a specific section of the hospitality industry: large international hotels.

Practical implications
– The paper provides a basis for understanding how the various HRM trends are developing, and addresses the steps required to meet future challenges in the industry.

Originality/value
– The value of the paper is in its identification and analysis of the major trends in HRM and the implications these hold for the future of the hospitality industry.