bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternating Current Measurements in Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy, Part 2: Detection of Adsorbates
Authors: Trinh Dao , Keddam Michel , Novoa Xosé Ramón , Vivier Vincent 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) in ac mode is used for the characterisation of the adsorption process during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in sulfuric acid solution. It is shown that this technique allows quantitative analysis of the adsorption process, and measurements of the differential capacitance with the frequency as parameter are obtained. The time constant for relaxation of adsorbed hydrogen (Hads) is approximately 2 Hz, and analysis of the Nyquist plot allows direct evaluation of the charge involved. In addition, the direct comparison of the usual electrochemical impedance data and ac‐SECM results obtained simultaneously permits characterisation of processes occurring at the surface and in solution.
Hopping Transport and Stochastic Dynamics of Electrons in Plasma Layers
Authors: Chetverikov A. P. , Ebeling W. , Röpke G. , Velarde M.G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe investigate the stochastic dynamics and the hopping transfer of electrons embedded into two‐dimensional atomic layers. First we formulate the quantum statistics of general atom ‐ electron systems based on the tight‐binding approximation and express ‐ following linear response transport theory ‐ the quantum‐mechanical time correlation functions and the conductivity by means of equilibrium time correlation functions. Within the relaxation time approach an expression for the effective collision frequency is derived in Born approximation, which takes into account quantum effects and dynamic effects of the atom motion through the dynamic structure factor of the lattice and the quantum dynamics of the electrons. In the last part we derive Pauli equations for the stochastic electron dynamics including nonlinear excitations of the atomic subsystem. We carry out Monte Carlo simulations and show that mean square displacements of electrons and transport properties are in a moderate to high temperature regime strongly influenced by by soliton‐type excitations and demonstrate the existence of percolation effects (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization of a Dielectric Barrier Discharge for Pulsed UV Emission of XeCl at 308 nm
Authors: Pipa A. V. , Bussiahn R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) has been investigated in a wide range of experimental conditions with the purpose of optimization for XeCl excimer radiation. For that the following operation parameters had been considered: four different lamps of coaxial geometry with gas gaps in the range of 1.3 ‐ 6.5 mm; gas mixtures of xenon and chlorine containing admixtures of 1%, 2% and 4% Cl2 at total filling pressures between 5 mbar and 600 mbar; voltage rise times of 20 ‐ 50 ns and voltage amplitudes of up to 12 kV. A maximum radiation pulse energy of 1.8 µ J has been detected at 310 ± 10 nm with an estimated radiation decay by three orders of magnitude within about 5 µ s. It was shown that the minimization of the voltage rise time is essential for enhancing the radiation pulse energy. Furthermore a correlation between the discharge geometry and the optimum pressure for maximum radiation output was observed. The decay characteristics of the excimer emission provides evidence of the harpoon reaction being the main channel of XeCl formation under our operation conditions (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fine needle aspiration cytology in sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary: A series of three cases
Authors: Banik Tarak , Gupta Nalini , Dey Pranab , Rajwanshi Arvind , Dhaliwal Lakhbir Kaur 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSclerosing stromal tumor (SST) of the ovary is a distinct subtype of sex cord‐stromal tumor, which is derived from the ovarian stroma and, in turn, from the sex cords of the embryonic gonads. It is a benign tumor, predominantly, unilateral in nature and mostly involves the right side of the ovary. Histopathological features are characteristic and are well described in the literature; however to the best of our knowledge fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has not been described previously. We present FNAC findings in a series of three cases of SST and discuss the cytomorphological features. We have described Call‐Exner like bodies in one of our cases and hence, suggest that these may not be an exclusive feature of granulosa cell tumor. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crush intraoperatory analysis in craniopharyngioma
Authors: Tena‐Suck Martha , Salinas‐Lara Citlaltepetl , Vega‐Orozco Rosalba , Rembao‐Bojorquez Daniel , Gelista Noemi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIntraoperative smear cytology provides a rapid and reliable intraoperative diagnosis and guidance to the neurosurgeon during surgical resection and lesion targeting. It also helps the surgeon to monitor and modify the approach at surgery. The aim of this article was a clinicopathological and cytomorphological intraoperative crush smear correlation in craniopharyngioma. Thirty craniopharyngiomas were included in this study. Twenty‐seven cases were adaCP and only three cases were papCP. This series included 16 (53%) males and 14 (47%) females adult patients, aged from 15 to 86 years (median, 49 year). Two cases were frank errors, 12 cases showed partial correlation, 5 cases showed incomplete typing of the cell type, and 7 cases discrepancy in type of tumors. The percent error was 14%. Correlations with clinical details and radiological findings were helpful in improving the accuracy rate. Smear technique is a fairly accurate, relatively safe, rapid, simple, easily reproducible, and cost‐effective tool to diagnose brain tumors. Smear cytology is of great value in intraoperative consultation of central nervous system pathology. The cytological aspects and smear patterns disclose important complementary diagnostic information for the histopathological examination. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elastofibroma: Cytomorphologic, histologic, and radiologic findings in five cases
Authors: Vincent Jeremy , Maleki Zahra 
Published: May 2011

AbstractElastofibroma is a rare benign, solid, ill‐defined and slow‐growing soft tissue lesion that typically arises between the tip of scapula and chest wall of elderly. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a commonly used technique to definitively diagnose the condition. However, the collagenous nature of the mass often results in a paucicellular FNA smear, resulting in a false‐negative report. Herein, we report cytomorphologic, histological, and radiologic findings in five cases. Five cases of elastofibroma were retrospectively retrieved from the cytopathology archives of a teaching hospital. The cytological material was obtained by CT‐guided (n = 2) and ultrasound‐guided (n = 3) FNA. Smears were stained with Diff‐Quik and Papanicolaou stains. Elastic stain and mucicarmine were reviewed in one case. Radiologic images and medical records and histology of all cases were reviewed. There were four patients (two men and two women). Their ages ranged from 64 to 84 (mean = 71.25 years). All tumors were subscapular (n = 2 right side, n = 1 left side, and one bilateral). Tumor sizes ranged from 3.3 to 7.5 cm in greatest dimension. Aspirated material was hypocellular in all cases, consisting of scattered uniform spindle cells, mature adipocytes, and collagen. Petaloid globules and serrated and braid‐like linear elastic fibers were haphazardly scattered. The characteristic petaloid globules typical of elastofibroma in aspirated material can be inadvertently mistaken or overlooked sincethe samples are hypocellular. Awareness of cytomorphologic features of elastofibroma and the typical clinical setting will permit an accurate diagnosis and eliminate the need for preoperative biopsy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extrinsic factors as multifunctional regulators of retinal ganglion cell morphogenesis
Authors: Atkinson‐Leadbeater Karen , McFarlane Sarah 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNeurons acquire a unique cell‐type dependent morphology during development that is critical for their function in a neural circuit. The process involves a neuron sending out an axon that grows in a directed fashion to its target, and the elaboration of multiple, branched dendrites. The ultimate morphology of the neuron is sculpted by factors in the environment that act directly or indirectly to influence the behavior of the growing axon and dendrites. The output neuron of the retina, the retinal ganglion cell (RGC), has served as a useful model for the identification of molecular signals that control neuronal morphogenesis, because the entire development of the neuron, from the initiation of neurites to the establishment of synapses, is accessible for experimental manipulation and visualization. In this review we discuss data which argue that the visual system uses a limited number of signals to control RGC morphogenesis, with single molecules being reused multiple times to control distinct events in axon and dendrite outgrowth. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 1170–1185, 2011
Candidate molecular mechanisms for establishing cell identity in the developing retina
Authors: Garrett Andrew M. , Burgess Robert W. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn the developing nervous system, individual neurons must occupy appropriate positions within circuits. This requires that these neurons recognize and form connections with specific pre‐ and postsynaptic partners. Cellular recognition is also required for the spacing of cell bodies and the arborization of dendrites, factors that determine the inputs onto a given neuron. These issues are particularly evident in the retina, where different types of neurons are evenly spaced relative to other cells of the same type. This establishes a reiterated columnar circuitry resembling the insect retina. Establishing these mosaic patterns requires that cells of a given type (homotypic cells) be able to sense their neighbors. Therefore, both synaptic specificity and mosaic spacing require cellular identifiers. In synaptic specificity, recognition often occurs between different types of cells in a pre‐ and postsynaptic pairing. In mosaic spacing, recognition is often occurring between different cells of the same type, orhomotypic self‐recognition. Dendritic arborization can require recognition of different neurites of the same cell, or isoneuronal self‐recognition. The retina is an extremely amenable system for studying the molecular identifiers that drive these various forms of recognition. The different neuronal types in the retina are well defined, and the genetic tools for marking cell types are increasingly available. In this review we will summarize retinal anatomy and describe cell types in the retina and how they are defined. We will then describe the requirements of a recognition code and discuss newly emerging candidate molecular mechanisms for recognition that may meet these requirements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 1258–1272, 2011
Electrochemical analysis of Clostridium propionicum and its acrylic acid production in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Zhu Linqi , Chen Hao , Huang Lei , Cai Jin , Xu Zhinan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCurrently, acrylic acid is produced at a low yield by the resting cells of Clostridium propionicum with the supplement of extra electron acceptors. As an alternative way, acrylic acid production coupled with electricity generation was achieved by C. propionicum‐based microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Electricity was generated in the salt‐bridge MFCs with cysteine and resazurin in the anode chamber as mediators, and K3Fe(CN)6 as the cathode electron acceptor. Power generation was 21.78 mW/m2 with an internal resistance of 9809 Ω. Cyclic voltammograms indicated the main mechanism of power production was the electron transfer facilitated by mediators in the system. In the salt‐bridge MFC system, 0.694 mM acrylic acid was produced together with electricity generation.
The ambiguities and tensions in creating and capturing value: Views from HRM consultants in a leading consultancy firm
Authors: Donnelly Rory 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCreating and capturing value in knowledge‐intensive organizations is often marked by a high degree of ambiguity. The resource‐ and knowledge‐based views of the firm assume that this ambiguity enhances an organization's competitive advantage, but do not acknowledge or address the problems and tensions it creates for employees. This study contributes to developing these views by providing new insights based on analyzing how HRM consultants perceive their contribution and standing in the context of this ambiguity. These findings shed light on the importance of addressing consultants' perceptions of this ambiguity in seeking to manage and motivate them to maximize the creation and appropriation of value for consultancy practices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reclassification of SRU equipment to ASME Section VIII Division 1
Authors: Al‐Otaibi Dhawi A. , Al‐Anizi Salamah S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper investigates the possibility of reclassifying Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU) reaction furnace equipment to design rules that meet ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) Section VIII Division 1, which is the standard for pressure vessel design. Currently most SRU equipment is designed and constructed following the design rules of ASME (BPVC) I, as they were considered steam generators or boilers. Plant inspection experiences difficulties testing and inspecting the components of a reaction furnace because of the mixture of ASME (BPVC) design rules with different inspection intervals. These difficulties include limited accessibility for inspecting the shell side of a Waste Heat Boiler (WHB), with an inspection interval of 24 months, without removing the tubes that are designed to the ASME (BPVC) VIII rules, with an inspection interval of 36 months. The objective of code reclassification is to extend the Testing & Inspection (T&I) period of WHB and steam drum in the SRU to 36 months as allowed by standards for equipment constructed under the rules of ASME (BPVC) Section VIII Division 1 and the National Board Inspection Code (NBIC). The results of the evaluation and analyses revealed acceptable component configurations (thickness, stress levels, etc.) in accordance with the design rules of ASME (BPVC) Section VIII Division 1. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20352
Determination of temperature distribution for annular fins with temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity
Authors: Roozbehani B. , Montazeri G.H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, homotopy analysis method (HAM) has been used to evaluate the temperature distribution of annular fin with temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity and to determine the temperature distribution within the fin. This method is useful and practical for solving the nonlinear heat transfer equation, which is associated with variable thermal conductivity condition. HAM provides an approximate analytical solution in the form of an infinite power series. The annular fin heat transfer rate with temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity has been obtained as a function of thermo‐geometric fin parameter and the thermal conductivity parameter describing the variation of the thermal conductivity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20353
Heat transfer enhancement for combined convection flow of nanofluids in a vertical rectangular duct considering radiation effects
Authors: Mohammed H.A. , Om Nur Irmawati , Shuaib N.H. , Saidur R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, combined convective heat transfer and nanofluids flow characteristics in a vertical rectangular duct are numerically investigated. This investigation covers Rayleigh numbers in the range of 2 × 106 ≤ Ra ≤ 2 × 107 and Reynolds numbers in the range of 200 ≤ Re ≤ 1000. Pure water and five different types of nanofluids such as Ag, Au, CuO, diamond, and SiO2 with a volume fraction range of 0.5% ≤ φ ≤ 3% are used. The three‐dimensional steady, laminar flow, and heat transfer governing equations are solved using finite volume method (FVM). The effects of Rayleigh number, Reynolds number, nanofluids type, nanoparticle volume fraction of nano‐ fluids, and effect of radiation on the thermal and flow fields are examined. It is found that the heat transfer is enhanced using nanofluids by 47% when compared with water. The Nusselt number increases as the Reynolds number and Rayleigh number increase and aspect ratio decreases. A SiO2 nanofluid has the highest Nusselt number and highest wall shear stress while the Au nanofluid has the lowest Nusselt number and lowest wall shear stress. The results also revealed that the wall shear stress increases as Reynolds number increases, aspect ratio decreases, and nanoparticle volume fraction increases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20354
A temperature‐precipitation‐based model of thirty‐year mean snowpack accumulation and melt in Oregon, USA
Authors: Leibowitz Scott G. , Wigington Jr., Parker J. , Comeleo Randy L. , Ebersole Joseph L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHigh‐resolution, spatially extensive climate grids can be useful in regional hydrologic applications. However, in regions where precipitation is dominated by snow, snowmelt models are often used to account for timing and magnitude of water delivery. We developed an empirical, nonlinear model to estimate 30‐year means of monthly snowpack and snowmelt throughout Oregon. Precipitation and temperature for the period 1971–2000, derived from 400‐m resolution PRISM data, and potential evapotranspiration (estimated from temperature and day length) drive the model. The model was calibrated using mean monthly data from 45 SNOTEL sites and accurately estimated snowpack at 25 validation sites: R2 = 0·76, Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) = 0·80. Calibrating it with data from all 70 SNOTEL sites gave somewhat better results (R2 = 0·84, NSE = 0·85). We separately applied the model to SNOTEL stations located < 200 and ≥ 200 km from the Oregon coast, since they have different climatic conditions. The model performed equally well for both areas. We used the model to modify moisture surplus (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) to account for snowpack accumulation and snowmelt. The resulting values accurately reflect the shape and magnitude of runoff at a snow‐dominated basin, with low winter values and a June peak. Our findings suggest that the model is robust with respect to different climatic conditions, and that it can be used to estimate potential runoff in snow‐dominated basins. The model may allow high‐resolution, regional hydrologic comparisons to be made across basins that are differentially affected by snowpack, and may prove useful for investigating regional hydrologic response to climate change. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the effect of climate change on mean annual runoff in the Songhua River basin, China
Authors: Meng Dejuan , Mo Xingguo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractInfluences of climatic change on the components of global hydrological cycle, including runoff and evapotranspiration are significant in the mid‐ and high‐latitude basins. In this paper, the effect of climatic change on annual runoff is evaluated in a large basin—Songhua River basin which is located in the northeast of China. A method based on Budyko‐type equation is applied to separate the contributions of climatic factors to changes in annual runoff from 1960 to 2008, which are computed by multiplying their partial derivatives by the slopes of trends in climate factors. Furthermore, annual runoff changes are predicted under IPCC SRES A2 and B2 scenarios with projections from five GCMs. The results showed that contribution of annual precipitation to annual runoff change was more significant than that of annual potential evapotranspiration in the Songhua River basin; and the factors contributing to annual potential evapotranspiration change were ranked as temperature, wind speed, vapour pressure, and sunshine duration. In the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, changes in annual runoff estimated with the GCM projections exhibited noticeable difference and ranged from − 8·4 to − 16·8 mm a−1 (−5·77 to − 11·53% of mean annual runoff). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved sensitivity of vaginal self‐collection and high‐risk human papillomavirus testing
Authors: Belinson Jerome L. , Du Hui , Yang Bin , Wu Ruifang , Belinson Suzanne E. , Qu Xinfeng , Pretorius Robert G. , Yi Xin , Castle Philip E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSelf‐collected vaginal specimens tested for high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) have been shown to be less sensitive for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer (≥CIN 3) than physician‐collected endocervical specimens. To increase the sensitivity of self‐collected specimens, we studied a self‐sampling device designed to obtain a larger specimen from the upper vagina (POI/NIH self‐sampler) and a more sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based HR‐HPV assay. Women (10,000) were screened with cervical cytology and HR‐HPV testing of vaginal self‐collected and endocervical physician‐collected specimens. Women were randomly assigned to use either a novel self‐collection device (POI/NIH self‐sampler) or conical‐shaped brush (Qiagen). The self‐collected and clinician‐collected specimens were assayed by Cervista (Hologic) and the research only PCR‐based matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF). Women with any abnormal screening test underwent colposcopy and biopsy. Women (8,556), mean age of 38.9, had complete data; 1.6% had ≥ CIN 3. For either HR‐HPV assay, the sensitivity was similar for the two self‐collection devices. Tested with Cervista, the sensitivity for ≥CIN 3 of self‐collected specimens was 70.9% and for endocervical specimens was 95.0% (p = 0.0001). Tested with MALDI‐TOF, the sensitivity for ≥CIN 3 of self‐collected specimens was 94.3% and for endocervical specimens was also 94.3% (p = 1.0). A self‐collected sample using a PCR‐based assay with the capability of very high throughput has similar sensitivity as a direct endocervical specimen obtained by a physician. Large population‐based screening “events” in low‐resource settings could be achieved by promoting self‐collection and centralized high‐throughput, low‐cost testing by PCR‐based MALDI‐TOF.