bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Conflict in the Polish Migrant Community in the UK
Authors: Kozak Jarosław 
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of the author’s research concerning the place and characteristics of structural conflict in the functioning of the Polish migrant community in the UK. The backdrop for the analyzed phenomenon was post-accession migrations. Giving rise to phenomena and processes significant to the development of social structure, they constitute one of the critical factors in social change. The study used qualitative analysis to identify which of the analyzed social areas generated structural conflicts in the investigated environment. Structural conflict, in its many dimensions, was present not only between migrants and the host society, but also between migrants from different countries and between migrants from the same diaspora. This called into question the previously prevalent belief about the cohesion of the migrant community. The present study may serve as a point of departure for further explorations concerning issues such as structural barriers in a multinational society.
SHARIAH COMPLIANCE OF BANGLADESHI ISLAMIC BANKS: DOES IT DIFFER ACROSS BANK MODALITIES?
Authors: Rahman Syed Mohammad Khaled , Chowdhury Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous , Hossain Md. Mofazzal , Islam Fakrul , Mim Tanvin Hossin , Nirjon Nazmul Alam 
Published: May 2024

This study assesses the degree of Shariah compliance of different Islamic banking modalities in Bangladesh from the perspectives of investment clients, depositors, and bankers. It adopts a structured questionnaire developed based on AAOIFI standards to gather data from 392 respondents. ANOVA tests and t-tests are applied to identify significant Shariah non-compliance areas and differences in Shariah compliance scores among different Islamic bank modalities. From investment clients’ perspective, it is seen that in every mode of investment except Ijarah, Shariah is explicitly violated throughout the Islamic banking industry. Significant Shariah non-compliance is seen in Bai-Murabaha, Bai-Muajjal, cash memos, and receipt and disbursement of goods, while Shariah is complied with in contract documents and client dealings. Bankers view all aspects except financial charges for delay to be Shariah compliant. From the depositors’ perspective, Shariah non-compliance is observed in the non-disclosure of information. There is no significant difference in Shariah compliance level between full-fledged and non-full-fledged Islamic banks. These findings should prove useful as a reference point for Bangladesh Bank, Islamic banks, policymakers, depositors, investors, and regulators to address Shariah non-compliance areas to ensure adherence to Shariah standards.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank SUST Research Centre, for the funding that made this study possible.
Prospective, single-centre, randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ischaemia-free liver transplantation (IFLT) in the treatment of end-stage liver disease
Authors: Huang Changjun , Shanzhou Huang , Tang Yunhua , Zhao Qiang , Wang Dongping , Ju Weiqiang , Yang Lu , Zhang Jian , Wu Linwei , Chen Maogen , Zhang Zhiheng , Zhu Zebin , Wang Linhe , Zhu Caihui , Zhang Yixi , Sun Chengjun , Xiong Wei , Shen Yuekun , Chen Xiaoxiang , Ma Yi , Hu Anbin , Zhu Xiaofeng , Rong Jian , Cai Changjie , Guo Zhiyong , He Xiaoshun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

During conventional liver transplantation (CLT), ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is inevitable and associated with complications such as early allograft dysfunction (EAD), primary non-function, and ischemic-type biliary lesions. We’ve established a novel procedure called ischemia-free liver transplantation (IFLT). The results from the pilot study suggest that IFLT might prevent IRI and yield better transplant outcomes in comparison to CLT. The purpose of this study was to further assess the efficacy and safety of IFLT versus CLT. This is an investigator initiated, open-label, phase-III, prospective, single-center randomized, controlled trial on the effects of IFLT in patients with end-stage liver disease.Adult patients eligible for liver transplantation are screened for participating in this trial and will be randomized between IFLT group (n=34) and CLT group (n=34). After 12-month follow-up of the last enrolled recipient, the outcomes will be analyzed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IFLT versus CLT in patients with end-stage liver disease.
Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analyses of hippocampal and subfield volumes
Authors: Liu Nana , Zhang Longjiang , Tian Tian , Cheng Jingliang , Zhang Bing , Qiu Shijun , Geng Zuojun , Cui Guangbin , Zhang Quan , Liao Weihua , Yu Yongqiang , Zhang Hui , Gao Bo , Xu Xiaojun , Han Tong , Yao Zhenwei , Qin Wen , Liu Feng , Liang Meng , Xu Qiang , Fu Jilian , Xu Jiayuan , Zhu Wenzhen , Zhang Peng , Li Wei , Shi Dapeng , Wang Caihong , Lui Su , Yan Zhihan , Chen Feng , Li Jiance , Zhang Jing , Wang Dawei , Shen Wen , Miao Yanwei , Xian Junfang , Gao Jia-Hong , Zhang Xiaochu , Li Mulin Jun , Xu Kai , Zuo Xi-Nian , Wang Meiyun , Ye Zhaoxiang , Yu Chunshui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The hippocampus is critical for memory and cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders, and its subfields differ in architecture and function. Genome-wide association studies on hippocampal and subfield volumes are mainly conducted in European populations; however other ancestral populations are under-represented. Here, we conduct trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analyses in 65,791 individuals for hippocampal volume and 38,977 for subfield volumes, including 7,009 individuals of East Asian ancestry. We identify 339 variant-trait associations at P < 1.13 × 10-9 for 44 hippocampal traits, including 23 novel associations. Common genetic variants have similar effects on hippocampal traits across ancestries, though ancestry-specific associations exist. Trans-ancestry analysis improves the fine mapping precision and the prediction performance of polygenic score in under-represented population. These genetic variants are enriched for Wnt signaling and neuron differentiation and affect cognition, emotion, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Our results highlight the value of trans-ancestry analysis in the investigation of genetic architectures of human traits.
Carbapenem-induced β-lactamase-isoform expression trends in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Benin Bogdan M. , Hillyer Trae , Aguirre Noah , Sham Yuk Yin , Willard Belinda , Shin Woo Shik 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) is an urgent bacterial threat to public health, with only a few treatment options and a > 50% fatality rate. Although several resistance mechanisms are understood, the appearance of these mutations is generally considered stochastic. Recent reports have, however, begun to challenge this assumption. Here, we demonstrate that independent samples of Ab, exposed to different carbapenems with escalating concentrations, show concentration- and carbapenem-dependent trends in β-lactamase-isoform expression. This result, based on the isoforms identified through label-free-quantification LC-MS/MS measurements of cell-free, gel-separated β-lactamases, suggests that the appearance of antibiotic resistance may be somewhat non-stochastic. Specifically, several minor AmpC/ADC β-lactamase-isoforms were found to exhibit both dose- and carbapenem-dependent expression, suggesting the possibility of non-stochastic mutations. Additionally, these also have high sequence similarity to major expressed isoforms, indicating a potential path over which resistance occurred in independent samples. Antibiotic resistance maybe somewhat antibiotic-directed by a hitherto unknown mechanism and further investigation may lead to new strategies for mitigating antibiotic resistance.
Teaser
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant β-lactamase proteins from mutations may exhibit patterns based on specific antibiotics.
Effectiveness of intraosseous access during resuscitation. A retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Rijnhout Tim W.H. , Kieft Marin , Klijn Willemijn M. , Tan Edward C.T.H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
During resuscitation in emergency situations, establishing intravascular access is crucial for promptly initiating delivery of fluids, blood, blood products, and medications. In cases of emergency, when intravenous (IV) access proves unsuccessful, intraosseous (IO) access serves as a viable alternative. However, there is a notable lack of information concerning the frequency and efficacy of IO access in acute care settings. This study aims to assess the efficacy of intraosseous (IO) access in acute care settings, especially focusing on children in a level 1 trauma center.
Methods
This retrospective study included patients with IO access in a level 1 trauma center emergency department (ED) between January 2015 and April 2020. Data regarding medication and fluid infusion was documented, and the clinical success rate was calculated.
Results
Of the 109,548 patients that were admitted to the ED, 25,686 IV lines were inserted. Documentation of 188 patients of which 73 (38.8%) children was complete and used for analysis. In these 188 patients, a total of 232 needles were placed. Overall, 182 patients had a functional needle (204 needles) (88%). In children (age < 18 years) success rate was lower as compared to adults, 71–84% as compared to 94%. However, a multivariate regression showed no correlation between the percentage of functional needles and gender, age, weight, BMI, health care location (prehospital and in hospital), anatomical position (tibia as compared to humerus) or type of injury.
Conclusion
Intraosseous access demonstrates a high success rate for infusion, independent of gender, age, body size, anatomical positioning, or healthcare setting, with minimal complication rates. Caution is especially warranted for children under the age of six months, since success rate was lower.
An Investigation on Machine Learning-Based Predictive Model for Human Trafficking in India
Authors: Saha Soumyabrata , DasGupta Suparna , Saha Tanima 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The multi-faceted crime of human trafficking has long afflicted India, and particularly vulnerable to the plight of Indian citizens. The study is designed to resemble an operational expedition and aims at identifying the connection between human trafficking and noteworthy festivals in various Indian states. In order to decipher and analyze the events that take place during these festivals, we use several machine learning algorithms and focus on key leaves in each state to identify hidden links between cultural fests and vulnerable people's victimization. This proposal helps to identify latent issues and provides detailed explanations for their occurrence during festivals. We concentrate on the pivotal leaves in each state, aiming to find sheltered connections between our cultural fests and the exploitation of vulnerable people. Our methods assist in identifying data patterns, just as they would in unravelling a mystery like festive mortal trafficking. This study creates a model to assess the risk of human trafficking in specific regions or populations to help law enforcement and NGOs guide targeted interventions by identifying trends and signs in past data. By highlighting high-risk areas and promoting community engagement in fighting human trafficking, the prediction model raises awareness. A framework for model refining and adapting will be created in this study to ensure forecast accuracy when new data becomes available. The machine learning algorithms detected human trafficking trends on Indian data with high Mean Absolute Error, Mean Squared Error, Root Mean Squared Error, and R2 scores, while Random Forest Regressor performed best with 0.802.
Challenges to Electronic Health Record Implementation Grouped According to Level of National Development and Stage of Implementation Scoping Review.
Authors: Utete Edmore , Mahlanganise Rumbidzai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Electronic health records (EHRs) have the potential to improve the quality of care; however, barriers to implementation have limited the full utilisation of such technology. The objective is to identify the barriers to implementation (EHR) and countries faced by such barriers and to classify the barriers according to the level of income of a country and the stage of implementation.
Methods
The literature body was used to identify barriers to EHR implementation using peer-reviewed research papers from different countries and facilities published in English from 2020 to 2024.
Results
Twenty articles were used to identify a number of barriers to EHR implementation. The analysis showed that countries face barriers mostly depending on their income level and the stage of EHR implementation. Low-income countries face mostly input barriers such as a lack of hardware and skills, poor internet connections and power interruptions, while high-income countries face mostly output barriers such as a lack of data security, poor health profession-patient relations and poor privacy. Lower- and upper-middle-income countries face mostly operational barriers, which include data incompatibility, more documentation and more time needed. Furthermore, low-income counties, middle-income countries and high-income countries face mostly invention, innovation and diffusion barriers, respectively.
Conclusion
High-income countries have successfully implemented most EHRs, as evidenced by their stage of implementation. Low-income countries and middle-income countries should make use of documented cases and develop solutions to barriers they are facing or they are likely to face.
Carbon Footprint Distributions of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Their Materials
Authors: Peiseler Leopold , Schenker Vanessa , Schatzmann Karin , Pfister Stephan , Wood Vanessa , Schmidt Tobias 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are pivotal in climate change mitigation, enabling the shift towards renewable energy and electric vehicles. Despite their benefits, LIBs’ own carbon footprint (CF) stemming from material sourcing and manufacturing, raises concerns. Yet, data on CFs of LIBs is scattered, hard to compare and largely overlooks the relevance of battery materials. Here, we go beyond traditional CF analysis and develop a novel cost-based approach, estimating emission curves for the key battery materials lithium, nickel and cobalt based on mining cost data. Combining the emission curves with global battery cell production forecasts, we present the most representative CF distributions for NMC811 and LFP cathode LIBs to date. Our findings reveal the significant impact of material sourcing over production location on CF, with nickel and lithium identified as major contributors to the CF and its variance. This research moves the field forward by offering a nuanced understanding of battery CFs, aiding in the design of decarbonisation policies and strategies.
Engineered Self-Regulating Macrophages for Targeted Anti-inflammatory Drug Delivery
Authors: Klimak Molly , Cimino Amanda , Lenz Kristin , Springer Luke , Collins Kelsey , Harasymowicz Natalia , Xu Nathan , Pham Christine , Guilak Farshid 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by increased levels of inflammation that primarily manifests in the joints. Macrophages act as key drivers for the progression of RA, contributing to the perpetuation of chronic inflammation and dysregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1). The goal of this study was to develop a macrophage-based cell therapy for biologic drug delivery in an autoregulated manner.
Methods
For proof-of-concept, we developed “smart” macrophages to mitigate the effects of IL-1 by delivering its inhibitor, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Bone marrow-derived macrophages were lentivirally transduced with a synthetic gene circuit that uses an NF-κB inducible promoter upstream of either the Il1rn or firefly luciferase transgenes. Two types of joint like cells were utilized to examine therapeutic protection in vitro, miPSCs derived cartilage and isolated primary mouse synovial fibroblasts while the K/BxN mouse model of RA was utilized to examine in vivo therapeutic protection.
Results
These engineered macrophages were able to repeatably produce therapeutic levels of IL-1Ra that could successfully mitigate inflammatory activation in co-culture with both tissue engineered cartilage constructs and synovial fibroblasts. Following injection in vivo, macrophages homed to sites of inflammation and mitigated disease severity in the K/BxN mouse model of RA.
Conclusion
These findings demonstrate the successful development of engineered macrophages that possess the ability for controlled, autoregulated production of IL-1 based on inflammatory signaling such as the NF-κB pathway to mitigate the effects of this cytokine for applications in RA or other inflammatory diseases. This system provides proof of concept for applications in other immune cell types as self-regulating delivery systems for therapeutic applications in a range of diseases.
Tribological Performance Enhancement of Shock Absorber Oil using CuO Nanoparticles Additives
Authors: Pawar Akshay , Patil Kuldip A , Mohite Dadaso D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the potential of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles as additives to enhance the tribological properties of shock absorber oil, focusing on their impact on viscosity and vibration damping performance. Shock absorbers play a critical role in vehicle safety and handling by mitigating vibrations from road irregularities. However, their effectiveness deteriorates over time. To address this, CuO nanoparticles were explored for their ability to improve lubricant performance. Nano-lubricants were prepared by dispersing CuO nanoparticles at varying concentrations of 0.25 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, and 1.5 wt% in a base oil using ultrasonication. The viscosity of these nano-lubricants increased significantly, particularly at lower temperatures, indicating improved load-carrying capacity and potential friction reduction. Vibration damping performance was evaluated using a dedicated shock absorber test rig. While the nano-lubricants exhibited reduced overall vibration acceleration compared to plain oil, the transmissibility ratio, a key damping metric, did not show significant variation. This suggests that traditional shock absorber designs might require modifications to fully leverage the benefits of CuO nanoparticles. These findings demonstrate the potential of CuO nanoparticles to enhance the viscosity of shock absorber oil, potentially leading to improved performance at lower temperatures.
Assessment of Universal Design Principles for the Enhancement of Special Education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
Authors: Aldosari Mubarak S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has made significant strides in advancing its education system, yet challenges persist in offering inclusive and equitable education for students with diverse learning needs. This research focuses on assessing the application of universal design principles in special education programs across KSA, recognizing the potential impact on the academic and social development of students with disabilities. This research employed a multifaceted approach, combining literature review, surveys, and quantitative analysis. The literature review delve into existing knowledge on special education and universal design principles, with a specific emphasis on the Saudi Arabian educational context. Surveys were conducted with educators, and administrators to gather diverse perspectives on the current status of universal design, and identification of the possible barrier in its implementation. Quantitative analysis shows lack of training and awareness among as the top barriers in the implementation of UD principles in special education of KSA. The importance of this study is in its capacity to inform and guide educators, policymakers, and researchers in Saudi Arabia. By identifying the current challenges and opportunities in applying universal design principles, the research aims to offer practical recommendations for optimizing their integration into the Saudi Arabian special education context. This study aligns with the broader goals of fostering inclusivity and equal educational opportunities for all students, contributing to the continuous improvement of the educational landscape in Saudi Arabia.
Analysis of Clinical Features and Treatment Strategies in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients With Acquired ALK Fusion After Resistance of EGFR-TKIs
Authors: Yang Yuan , Lu Baohua , Shi Liang , Zhang Nana , Chen Zhaoxin , Yu Jing , Liu Zhe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The mechanism of secondary drug resistance in advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer(NSCLC) patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene sensitive mutation after EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) is complex. Acquired Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) fusion mutation is a rare type, and there are few reports on the clinical characteristics and treatment options for this group of patients.
Methods
Cases of 820 locally advanced or metastatic EGFR-sensitive mutations NSCLC patients whose gene status were detected by Next Generation Sequencing(NGS)after EGFR-TKIs resistance were retrospectively collected. Acquired ALK fusion gene mutation occurred in 4 of them. The clinical information, pathological types, gene mutation status, treatment plans, efficacies and prognoses of these 4 cases were analyzed.
Results
All 4 patients had lung adenocarcinoma. Three had EML4-ALK fusion and 1 had STRN-ALK fusion. EGFR gene mutation was detected negative in 2 cases after drug resistance, and the abundance of EGFR gene mutation decreased in 2 cases. The Progression Free Survival (PFS) of EGFR-TKIs ranged from 6 to 21 months, and after acquired ALK mutation objective response was all achieved using ALK-TKIs alone or the combination of ALK-TKIs and EGFR-TKIs, with PFS all exceeding 6 months. One patient developed small cell lung cancer transformation after ALK-TKIs resistance.
Conclusion
Acquired ALK fusion as a resistant mechanism of EGFR-TKIs is present and rare. EGFR is undetectable or abundance decreased when ALK fusion emerges. ALK-TKIs alone and ALK-TKIs combined with EGFR-TKIs are alternative treatment choices.
T-cell immunity induced by a nonadjuvanted HLA-restricted peptide COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Lee Yi-Ru , Liou Chiung-Wen , Liu I-Hua , Chang Jia-Ming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

During COVID-19 pandemic, cases of postvaccination infections and restored SARS-CoV-2 virus have increased after full vaccination, which might be contributed to by immune surveillance escape or virus rebound. Here, artificial linear 9-mer human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted UC peptides were designed based on the well-conserved S2 region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein regardless of rapid mutation and glycosylation hindrance. Through HLA molecule presentation, UC peptides can activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which elicit cytotoxic activity by recognizing SARS-CoV-2 spike-bearing cells and preferably secreting Th1 cytokines. The UC peptides showed immunogenicity and generated a specific antibody in mice by both intramuscular injection and oral delivery without adjuvant formulation. In conclusion, a T-cell vaccine could provide long-lasting protection against SARS-CoV-2 either during reinfection or during SARS-CoV-2 rebound. Due to its ability to eradicate SARS-CoV-2 virus-infected cells, a COVID-19 T-cell vaccine might provide a solution to lower COVID-19 severity and long COVID-19.