bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full genomic analysis of a G8P[1] rotavirus strain isolated from an asymptomatic infant in Kenya provides evidence for an artiodactyl‐to‐human interspecies transmission event
Authors: Ghosh Souvik , Gatheru Zipporah , Nyangao James , Adachi Noriaki , Urushibara Noriko , Kobayashi Nobumichi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGroup A rotavirus (GAR) G8P[1] strains, found sometimes in cattle, have been reported rarely from humans. Therefore, analysis of the full genomes of human G8P[1] strains are of significance in the context of studies on interspecies transmission of rotaviruses. However, to date, only partial‐length nucleotide sequences are available for the 11 genes of a single human G8P[1] strain, while the partial sequences of two other strains have been reported. The present study reports the first complete genome sequence of a human G8P[1] strain, B12, detected from an asymptomatic infant in Kenya in 1987. By nucleotide sequence identities and phylogenetic analyses, the full‐length nucleotide sequences of VP7‐VP4‐VP6‐VP1‐VP2‐VP3‐NSP1‐NSP2‐NSP3‐NSP4‐NSP5 genes of strain B12 were assigned to G8‐P[1]‐I2‐R2‐C2‐M2‐A3‐N2‐T6‐E2‐H3 genotypes, respectively. Each of the 11 genes of strain B12 appeared to be more related to cognate genes of artiodactyl (ruminant and/or camelid) and/or artiodactyl‐derived human GAR strains than those of most other rotaviruses. Strain B12 exhibited low levels of genetic relatedness to canonical human GAR strains, such as Wa and DS‐1, ruling out the possibility of its origin from reassortment events between artiodactyl‐like human and true human strains. These observations suggest that strain B12 might have been directly transmitted from artiodactyls to humans. Unhygienic conditions and close proximity of humans to livestock at the sampling site might have facilitated this rare event. This is the first report on a full genomic analysis of a rotavirus strain from Kenya. To our knowledge, strain B12 might be the oldest G8 strain characterized molecularly from the Africa continent. J. Med. Virol. 83:367–376, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Usefulness of sonazoid–ultrasonography during hepatectomy in patients with liver tumors: A preliminary study
Authors: Nanashima Atsushi , Tobinaga Syuuichi , Abo Takafumi , Kunizaki Masaki , Takeshita Hiroaki , Hidaka Shigekazu , Taura Naota , Ichikawa Tatsuki , Sawai Terumitsu , Nakao Kazuhiko , Nagayasu Takeshi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo improve diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS), we investigated the usefulness of new contrast medium of microbubble agent, Sonazoid as a preliminary study.MethodWe examined IOUS in 50 patients with liver tumors who underwent hepatectomy. Sonazoid was administrated intravenously and Kupffer‐phase images of the tumor were observed before hepatectomy. Sonazoid was reinjected to observe the tumor vasculature.ResultsThe tumors included hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 25 patients, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in 3, colorectal liver metastasis in 14, gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 1, and benign hematoma in 1. Liver tumors were clearly detected as perfusion defect in most cases. Small lesions (<1 cm), extra‐capsular tumor growth, and portal vein tumor thrombus were also clearly detected on the Sonazoid–IOUS. Small occult tumors were detected in five cases. Differential diagnosis with suspicious non‐tumorous lesions and benign mass was possible based on vascular findings at the early phase. In comparison with hepatectomy for HCC under conventional IOUS, the proportion of patients with positive surgical margin (0%) tended to be lower than that of the control group (P = 0.073).ConclusionSonazoid–IOUS is a promising useful tool to detect the precise tumor margin and small tumors, hence allowing curative hepatectomy or intraoperative ablation. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:152–157. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic factors after early recurrence in patients who underwent curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chun Jae Min , Kwon Hyung Jun , Sohn Junho , Kim Sang Geol , Park Ji‐Young , Bae Han Ik , Yun Young Kook , Hwang Yoon Jin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of the patients with early recurrence after curative hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is usually dismal.MethodsOne hundred twenty‐four patients underwent curative resection for HCC at Kyungpook National University Hospital from January 2002 to December 2006. An early recurrence was defined as a recurrence within 2 years after a curative resection. The risk factors associated with an early recurrence were analyzed as well as other risk factors correlated with survival after early recurrence.ResultsEarly disease recurrence developed in 56 patients (45.2%). The risk factors associated with an early recurrence were a tumor size larger than 5 cm (P = 0.001) and the presence of tumor micrometastasis (P < 0.001). The 1 year/2 year overall survival, after early recurrence, was 57.0%/41.0% and the preoperative α‐fetoprotein, C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor size, macroscopic vascular invasion, and number of tumors were associated with survival on the univariate analysis. The multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factors for survival, after early disease recurrence, were a preoperative CRP >1.0 mg/dl and macroscopic vascular invasion. (P = 0.004, P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionThe preoperative CRP and macroscopic vascular invasion were associated with the aggressiveness of early recurrent HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:148–151. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endoscopic endonasal dissection of the infratemporal fossa: Anatomic relationships and importance of eustachian tube in the endoscopic skull base surgery
Authors: Falcon Ramon Terre , Rivera‐Serrano Carlos M. , Miranda Juan Fernandez , Prevedello Daniel M. , Snyderman Carl H. , Kassam Amin B. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectives:Endoscopic endonasal approaches to the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae are technically challenging due to the complex anatomy of these areas. This project attempts to develop an anatomic and surgical model to enhance the understanding of these spaces from the endonasal endoscopic perspective.Methods:Eight pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae were dissected in four adult human specimens in accordance with institutional protocols. All specimens were prepared with vascular injections using colored latex. Both the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae were accessed using a transpterygoid approach, which included a medial maxillectomy. Rod lens endoscopes (with 0°, 30°, and 45° lenses), surgical microscope, microsurgical and endoscopic instruments were used to complete the dissections.Results:Endoscopic endonasal approaches provided adequate access to the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae. Dissection of the internal maxillary artery and its terminal branches, and detachment of the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles were critical steps to access deeper structures of the infratemporal fossa. The lateral pterygoid plate was the most useful landmark to locate foramen ovale, and the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. The Eustachian tube, medial pterygoid plate, and styloid process were the most useful landmarks to locate parapharyngeal poststyloid structures (parapharyngeal segment of the internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, cranial nerves IX and X).Conclusions:A medial maxillectomy coupled with a transpterygoid endoscopic approach, provides adequate access to the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae. The complex anatomy of the infratemporal fossa requires precise identification of surgical landmarks to assure preservation of neurovascular structures. Laryngoscope, 2011
NMR measurement of free and esterified sterols
Authors: Dais Photis 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis short account describes a novel analytical technique for the determination of total, free and esterified sterols in olive oil developed in our laboratory. This methodology is based on 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The latter spectroscopic analysis requires first the derivatization of the sterolic hydroxyl groups with a phosphitylating reagent. This NMR method shows a number of advantages over conventional methods for sterols determination, amongst which speed and simplicity are the most beneficial ones. The possibility of applying the NMR spectroscopy to other food matrices is discussed.
Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) oil as a biofuels feedstock: Golden opportunity or false hope?
Authors: Moser Bryan R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCamelina (Camelina sativa L.) is a promising sustainable alternative energy crop belonging to the Brassicaceae (mustard) family. Camelina has several favorable agronomic characteristics which give it potential to significantly enhance domestic biofuels production. With high seed oil content as well as high yield of oil per hectare, camelina can be efficiently processed into high quality renewable fuels such as biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) as well as renewable diesel and jet fuels using existing technologies. This review summarizes the attributes of camelina along with conversion of the lipid fraction into advanced renewable biofuels.
Synthesis and Drug‐Delivery Behavior of Chitosan‐Functionalized Graphene Oxide Hybrid Nanosheets
Authors: Rana Vijay Kumar , Choi Myeon‐Cheon , Kong Jin‐Yeon , Kim Gwang Yeon , Kim Mi Ju , Kim Sun‐Hee , Mishra Satyendra , Singh Raj Pal , Ha Chang‐Sik 
Published: December 2010

AbstractChitosan‐functionalized graphene oxides (FGOCs) were successfully synthesized. FGOCs were found to significantly improve the solubility of the GO in aqueous acidic media. The presence of organic groups was confirmed by means of XPS and TGA. Restoration of the sp2 carbon network and exfoliation of graphene sheets were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, UV‐visible spectroscopy and WAXD. The SEM and AFM investigations of the resultant FGOCs showed that most of the graphene sheets were individual and few were layered. Controlled release behavior of Ibuprofen and 5‐fluorouracil was then investigated. We found that FGOCs are a promising new material for biological and medical applications.
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A multistart heuristic for the equality generalized traveling salesman problem
Authors: Cacchiani Valentina , Muritiba Albert Einstein Fernandes , Negreiros Marcos , Toth Paolo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe study the equality generalized traveling salesman problem (E‐GTSP), which is a variant of the well‐known traveling salesman problem. We are given an undirected graph G = (V,E), with set of vertices V and set of edges E, each with an associated cost. The set of vertices is partitioned into clusters. E‐GTSP is to find an elementary cycle visiting exactly one vertex for each cluster and minimizing the sum of the costs of the traveled edges. We propose a multistart heuristic, which iteratively starts with a randomly chosen set of vertices and applies a decomposition approach combined with improvement procedures. The decomposition approach considers a first phase to determine the visiting order of the clusters and a second phase to find the corresponding minimum cost cycle. We show the effectiveness of the proposed approach on benchmark instances from the literature. On small instances, the heuristic always identifies the optimal solution rapidly and outperforms all known heuristics; on larger instances, the heuristic always improves, in comparable computing times, the best known solution values obtained by the genetic algorithm recently proposed by Silberholz and Golden. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2011
An experimental study of maximum profit wavelength assignment in WDM rings
Authors: Bampas Evangelos , Pagourtzis Aris , Potika Katerina 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe are interested in the problem of satisfying a maximum‐profit subset of undirected communication requests in an optical ring that uses the Wavelength Division Multiplexing technology. We present four deterministic and purely combinatorial algorithms for this problem, and give theoretical guarantees for their worst‐case approximation ratios. Two of these algorithms are novel, whereas the rest are adaptation of earlier approaches. An experimental evaluation of the algorithms in terms of attained profit and execution time reveals that the theoretically best algorithm performs only marginally better than one of the new algorithms, while at the same time being several orders of magnitude slower. Furthermore, an extremely fast greedy heuristic with nonconstant approximation ratio performs reasonably well and may be favored over the other algorithms whenever it is crucial to minimize execution time. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2011
Initial testing (stage 1) of the IGF‐1 receptor inhibitor BMS‐754807 by the pediatric preclinical testing program
Authors: Kolb E. Anders , Gorlick Richard , Lock Richard , Carol Hernan , Morton Christopher L. , Keir Stephen T. , Reynolds C. Patrick , Kang Min H. , Maris John M. , Billups Catherine , Smith Malcolm A. , Houghton Peter J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundBMS‐754807 is a small molecule ATP‐competitive inhibitor of the type‐1 insulin‐like growth factor receptor currently in phase 1 clinical trials.ProceduresBMS‐754807 was tested against the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) in vitro panel at concentrations ranging from 1.0 nM to 10 µM and was tested against the PPTP in vivo panels at a dose of 25 mg/kg administered orally BID for 6 days, repeated for 6 weeks.ResultsIn vitro BMS‐754807 showed a median EC50 value of 0.62 µM against the PPTP cell lines. The median EC50 for the four Ewing sarcoma cell lines was less than that for the remaining PPTP cell lines (0.19 µM vs. 0.78 µM, P = 0.0470). In vivo BMS‐754807 induced significant differences in EFS distribution compared to controls in 18 of 32 evaluable solid tumor xenografts (56%) tested, but in none of the ALL xenografts studied. Criteria for intermediate activity for the time to event activity measure (EFS T/C > 2) were met in 7 of 27 solid tumor xenografts evaluable for this measure. The best response was PD2 (progressive disease with growth delay), which was observed in 18 of 32 solid tumor xenografts. PD2 responses were most commonly observed in the rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and Wilms tumor panels.ConclusionsBMS‐754807 activity in vitro is consistent with a specific IGF‐1R effect that has half‐maximal response in the 0.1 µM range and that is observed in a minority of the PPTP cell lines. In vivo intermediate activity was most commonly observed in the neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma panels. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:595–603. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IgA‐mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia in an infant
Authors: McGann Patrick T. , McDade Jenny , Mortier Nicole A. , Combs Martha R. , Ware Russell E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAutoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, most frequently of the IgG isotype, directed against erythrocyte surface antigens. The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is the critical laboratory test for the diagnosis of AIHA, but is negative in 3–11% of cases. In these cases of DAT negative AIHA, a wider spectrum of clinical data including more specialized testing for erythrocyte autoantibodies may be required. We describe the unique and challenging case of an infant with corticosteroid‐responsive, DAT negative AIHA, in which specialized gel card testing identified an isolated IgA autoantibody on the erythrocyte surface. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:837–839. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Construction of multiple generation nitriloacetates from poly(PEGMA) brushes on planar silicon surface for enhancement of protein loading
Authors: Liu Xiang , Liu Hong‐Bo , Guo Peng‐Feng , Xiao Shou‐Jun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe constructed multiple generation nitriloacetates from poly(poly(ethylene glycol)monomethacrylate) brushes on a planar silicon surface (Si‐g‐P(PEGMA)) to improve the capacity of binding proteins and the biofouling repellence. Firstly the freshly etched Si(111)H reacted with 10‐undecen‐1‐ol under an optimized microwave irradiation condition to produce hydroxyl‐terminated substrates. Secondly surface initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization were introduced by means of esterification between 2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropionyl bromide and surface hydroxyl groups. Thirdly polymer brushes of Si‐g‐P(PEGMA) were grown from surface initiators; then their side chain hydroxyls were carboxylated with succinic anhydride to become polymer brushes of Si‐g‐P(PEGMA‐COOH). Finally multiple generation nitriloacetates were obtained by iterative esterification of carboxylic acids with N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)/N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, yielding amino‐reactive NHS esters, and successive amidation with aminobutyl nitrilotriacetic acid. After coordinated with Ni(II), the first to third generation nitriloacetates were applied to bind histidine‐tagged thioredoxin‐urodilatin. All stepwise conversions were monitored with multiple transmission‐reflection infrared spectroscopy (MTR‐IR). The highly sensitive MTR‐IR spectra provide clear stretching bands of amide v(NH) at 3441 and 3345 cm−1, whose integrated peak areas were used to estimate the enhancement ratios of protein loading by multiple generation nitriloacetates as first generation:second generation:third generation = 1:1.7:2.3.
Fluctuation properties of phonons generated by ultrafast optical excitation of a quantum dot
Authors: Reiter D. E. , Wigger D. , Daniels J. M. , Papenkort T. , Vagov A. , Axt V. M. , Kuhn T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the fluctuation properties of phonons after the optical excitation of a quantum dot with an ultrashort laser pulse are studied theoretically. When a single pulse with pulse area π creates an exciton in the system, a coherent phonon state builds up. Fluctuations of coherent states are time independent and equal to the vacuum fluctuations. By an excitation with a π/2 pulse a superposition of ground and exciton state is created. In this case the phonon system becomes entangled with the electronic system. In the phonon subsystem this leads to the formation of a statistical mixture of the vacuum and the coherent state. The fluctuations of this mixture oscillate in time with both the single and the double phonon frequency, but never exhibit squeezing. The discrepancies with the predictions made in a Raman tensor model are briefly discussed. All scenarios are illustrated using the Wigner function.
Microscopic theory of the extremely nonlinear terahertz response of semiconductors
Authors: Golde Daniel , Kira Mackillo , Meier Torsten , Koch Stephan W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe extreme nonlinear terahertz response of initially unexcited intrinsic semiconductor nanostructures is studied theoretically by solving extended semiconductor Bloch equations numerically. The coupled dynamics of intraband acceleration and multiphoton interband transitions leads to high‐harmonic generation up to several tens of the exciting terahertz frequency. It is shown that the actual cut‐off frequency is determined by the band structure and not by the excitation strength.
Lifetime and DLTS studies of interstitial Fe in p‐type Si
Authors: Syre M. , Monakov E. , Holt A. , Svensson B. G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFe is one of the most prominent metallic impurities in solar‐grade Si. In this work we have investigated the kinetics of in‐diffusion and formation of the interstitial fraction (Fei). P‐type Cz‐Si with a resistivity of 10 Ω‐cm has been intentionally contaminated with Fe by in‐diffusion from a surface layer of FeCl3 at 700 °C followed by cooling with a rate of ∼ 3.3 K/s. The concentration of Fei has been measured both by microwave photo conductance decay (μ‐PCD) and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). In the μ‐PCD measurements, the Fei concentration has been determined using the ef‐ fect of light‐induced splitting of the iron‐boron pairs (FeB), while in the DLTS measurements Fei has been monitored by the donor electronic state at 0.43 eV above the valence band.We have observed a linear dependence between the minority carrier lifetime (τ) and the inverse Fei concentration. This confirms Fei as the dominating recombination centre. In the present investigations we use a material relevant for solar cells with a resistivity of 10 Ω‐cm. We have found that the concentration of interstitial iron decreases with increasing time for in‐diffusion of Fe, provided identical cooling condition. This decreasing con‐ centration of Fei is believed to be due to formation of more iron precipitates that serve as sinks for fast diffusing Fei. A high temperature anneal at 1000 °C for 1 minute followed by fast cooling (∼ 33 K/s) results in dissolution of the precipitates and freezing Fe into interstitial positions, where the concentration of Fei increases with increasing in‐diffusion time. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interaction of point defects with impurities in the Si‐SiO2 system and its influence on the interface properties
Authors: Kropman Daniel , Kärner Tiit , Dolgov Sergei , Heinmaa Ivo , Laas Tõnu , Londos Charalampos A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDedicated to the memory of Prof. Ulrich GöseleIt has been shown by means of EPR and NMR technique that at the Si‐SiO2 interface at appropriate oxidation temperature (time) local dynamical equilibrium may be achieved. At oxidation temperature 1130 °C the dencity of point defects is less than at lower and higher temperature (1100 °C and 1200 °C) and the content of absorbed impurities (hydrogen, oxygen) diminishes (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Material effects in manufacturing of silicon based solar cells and modules
Authors: Schieferdecker Anja , Sachse Jens‐Uwe , Mueller Torsten , Seidel Ulf , Bartholomaeus Lars , Germershausen Sven , Perras Reinhold , Meissner Rita , Hoebbel Helmut , Schenke Andreas , Bhatti A. K. , Küsters Karl Heinz , Richter Hans 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe performance and efficiency of solar cells depends strongly on influence of materials. Key topics for solar cell optimisation are presently silicon material properties and materials for cell metallisation. Optimisation of silicon is focussed e.g. on material properties such as impurity content, density of dislocation and grain boundaries in multi‐crystalline silicon which influence parameters like carrier lifetime, and therefore the cell efficiency. Improved characterisation methods of solar cells like electroluminescence and photoluminescence are combined with techniques such as thermography and LBIC to improve production process and materials. As a result cell efficiency will be increased. Optimisation of cell metallisation and module interconnects is strongly related to progress in paste materials for front side metallisation. Improved materials enable the use of higher emitter resistance and the printing of smaller metal lines, while reducing the series resistance of the solar cell. Progress in paste materials leads to increased solar cell efficiency for the standard cell process. The introduction of new metal pastes has to be combined with careful optimisation of the process window in soldering during module built‐up. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)