bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypercholesterolaemia: what to do when first‐line treatment fails
Authors: Durrington Paul 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOur series on Prescribing challenges focusses on areas of therapeutics that can present a particular challenge in general practice. Here, Professor Durrington considers the options available when target LDL cholesterol levels are not reached with simvastatin 40mg daily or it is not tolerated. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Interface Ltd
A multi‐scale approach to determine accurate elemental and isotopic ratios by nano‐scale secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Hatton Pierre‐Joseph , Remusat Laurent , Zeller Bernd , Derrien Delphine 
Published: April 2012

RATIONALENano‐scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) is still hampered by a lack of appropriate calibration method for the quantification of elemental and isotopic ratios in heterogeneous materials such as soil samples. The potential of 13C‐15N‐labeled density fractions of soil to calibrate the C/N, 13C/12C and 15N/14N ratios provided by NanoSIMS was evaluated.METHODSThe spatial organization of soil particles found at the macro‐ and micro‐scales were compared. The C/N, 13C/12C and 15N/14N ratios measured at the macroscopic scale from different density fractions using an elemental analyzer coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA/IRMS) were compared with the corresponding micro‐scale NanoSIMS measurements. When the macro‐ and micro‐scales patterns were similar, macroscopic scale measurements obtained by EA/IRMS and the corresponding NanoSIMS C/N and 15N/14N ratios averaged per fraction were used to obtain correction equations. The correction method using the internal calibration procedure was compared with the traditional one using a single organic standard.RESULTSIt was demonstrated that the correction method using an internal calibration procedure was applicable for NanoSIMS images acquired on more than 500 µm2 per fraction and provided more accurate C/N and 15N/14N ratios than the traditional correction method.CONCLUSIONSAs long as the NanoSIMS sampling was representative of the macroscopic properties, the correction method using an internal calibration procedure allowed better quantification of the isotope tracers and characterization of the C/N ratios. This method not only produced qualitative images, but also accurate quantitative parameters from which ecological interpretations can be derived. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic enumeration of strongly connected digraphs by vertices and edges
Authors: Pérez‐Giménez Xavier , Wormald Nicholas 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe derive an asymptotic formula for the number of strongly connected digraphs with n vertices and m arcs (directed edges), valid for m ‐ n →∞ as n →∞ provided m = O(nlog n). This fills the gap between Wright's results which apply to m = n + O (1), and the long‐known threshold for m, above which a random digraph with n vertices and m arcs is likely to be strongly connected. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2013
The molecular basis of human congenital limb malformations
Authors: Zuniga Aimée , Zeller Rolf , Probst Simone 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis review focuses predominantly on the human congenital malformations caused by alterations affecting the morphoregulatory gene networks that control early limb bud patterning and outgrowth. Limb defects are among the most frequent congenital malformations in humans that are caused by genetic mutations or teratogenic effects resulting either in abnormal, loss of, or additional skeletal elements. Spontaneous and engineered mouse models have been used to identify and study the molecular alterations and disrupted gene networks that underlie human congenital limb malformations. More recently, mouse genetics has begun to reveal the alterations that affect the often‐large cis‐regulatory landscapes that control gene expression in limb buds and cause devastating effects on limb bud development. These findings have paved the way to identifying mutations in cis‐regulatory regions as causal to an increasing number of congenital limb malformations in humans. In these cases, no mutations in the coding region of a presumed candidate were previously detected. This review highlights how the current understanding of the molecular gene networks and interactions that control mouse limb bud development provides insight into the etiology of human congenital limb malformations. WIREs Dev Biol 2012 doi: 10.1002/wdev.59This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics
Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular
Birth Defects > Organ Anomalies
Trapping Dimethyltin Cations by Bipyridine‐N,N′‐Dioxide Ligands
Authors: Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Singh Puja , Gopal Kandasamy , Steiner Alexander 
Published: April 2012

AbstractN,N′‐dioxide ligands such as 2, 2′‐bipyridine‐N,N‐dioxide (BPDO‐I) and 4, 4′‐bipyridine‐N,N‐dioxide (BPDO‐II) were used to trap the hydrated dimethyltin cations under controlled hydrolysis. The use of the chelating ligand BPDO‐I leads to the isolation of the discrete monocation [Me2Sn(BPDO‐I)(OH2)(NO3)]+[NO3]– (2), whereas the linear ligand BPDO‐II directs the construction of cationic polymers, [{Me2Sn(OH2)2(μ‐BPDO‐II)}2+{NO3–}2·2H2O]n (3·2H2O) and [{Me2Sn(μ‐OH)(BPDO‐II)}22+{NO3–}2·H2O]n (4·H2O) under different reaction conditions.
Insertion Reactions of Heterocumulenes with Zincocene Cp*2Zn
Authors: Schulz Stephan , Schmidt Sarah , Bläser Dieter , Wölper Christoph 
Published: April 2012

AbstractZincocene Cp*2Zn reacts with carbodiimides C(NR)2 with insertion into the Zn–Cp* bond and formation of [(Cp*C(NR)2]2Zn [R = Et (1), iPr (2), Cy (3)]. In addition, the reaction of Cp*2Zn with CS2 under dry conditions gives (Cp*CS2)2Zn (4), whereas in the presence of a small amount of water [Zn4(μ4‐O)(S2CCp*)6] (5) is obtained. Compounds 1–4 were characterized by NMR (1H, 13C) and IR spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (2–4, 5 of poor quality). The solid‐state structure of 5 is comparable to the carboxylate complex previously obtained from the reaction of Cp*2Zn with CO2.
1‐(2‐Hydroxyethyl)‐3‐nitro‐1, 2, 4‐triazole and its Complexes with Copper(II) Chloride and Copper(II) Perchlorate
Authors: Degtyarik Mikhail M. , Lyakhov Alexander S. , Ivashkevich Ludmila S. , Voitekhovich Sergei V. , Sukhanov Gennady T. , Grigoriev Yuri V. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract1‐(2‐Hydroxyethyl)‐3‐nitro‐1, 2, 4‐triazole (hnt), prepared by alkylation of 3‐nitro‐1, 2, 4‐triazole with 2‐chloroethanol, was found to react with copper(II) chloride and copper(II) perchlorate in acetonitrile/ethanol solutions giving complexes [Cu2(hnt)2Cl4(H2O)2] and[Cu(hnt)2(H2O)3](ClO4)2, respectively. They are the first examples of coordination compounds with a neutral N‐substituted 3‐nitro‐1, 2, 4‐triazole ligand. 1‐(2‐Hydroxyethyl)‐3‐nitro‐1, 2, 4‐triazole and the obtained complexes were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, X‐ray, and thermal analyses. [Cu2(hnt)2Cl4(H2O)2] presents a dinuclear chlorido‐bridged complex in which hnt acts as a chelating bidentate ligand, coordinated to the metal by a nitrogen atom of the triazole ring and an oxygen atom of the nitro group, and the copper atoms are inconsiderably distorted octahedral coordination. [Cu(hnt)2(H2O)3](ClO4)2comprises a mononuclear complex cation, in which two nitrogen atoms of two hnt ligands in trans configuration and three water oxygen atoms form a square pyramidal environment around the copper atom, which is completed to an distorted octahedron with a bifurcated vertex due to two additional elongated Cu–O bonds with two nitro groups. In both complexes, Cu–O bonds with the nitro groups may be considered as semi‐coordinated.
Iron(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes of N‐Alkylimidazoles and 1‐Methyl‐1H‐1, 2, 4‐Triazole: X‐ray Studies, Magnetic Characterization, and DFT Calculations
Authors: Huxel Timo , Riedel Sebastian , Lach Jochen , Klingele Julia 
Published: April 2012

AbstractUsing the ligands N‐methylimidazole (MeIm), N‐ethylimidazole (EtIm), N‐propylimidazole (PrIm), and 1‐methyl‐1H‐1, 2, 4‐triazole (MeTz) three series with a total of 13 iron(II) complexes were isolated. The series comprise of the following complexes: (a) [Fe(MeIm)6](ClO4)2 (1), [Fe(EtIm)6](ClO4)2 (2), [Fe(PrIm)6](ClO4)2(3), [Fe(MeTz)6](ClO4)2 (4), [Fe(MeIm)6](MeSO3)2 (5), [Fe(EtIm)6](MeSO3)2 (6), and [Fe(MeTz)6](BF4)2 (10); (b) [Fe(MeIm)4(MeSO3)2](7), [Fe(EtIm)4(MeSO3)2] (8), and [Fe(PrIm)4(MeSO3)2] (9); (c) [Fe(MeIm)4(NCS)2] (15), [Fe(EtIm)4(NCS)2] (16), and [Fe(MeTz)4(NCS)2] (17). Single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies were performed on 7–10 and 15–17. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed on selective examples of all series, and confirmed them to be in the HS state over the range 6–300 K. DFT calculations were performed at BP86/def‐SV(P) and TPSSh/def2‐TZVPP level on all [FeL6]2+ complex cations and the neutral complexes 7–9 and 15–17. Additionally the four homoleptic nickel(II) complexes [NiL6](ClO4)2 (11: L = MeIm; 12: L = EtIm; 13: L = PrIm; 14: L = MeTz) were synthesized and compounds 11–13 structurally characterized. UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopic measurements were carried out on all homoleptic iron(II) and nickel(II) complexes. The 10Dq values were determined to be in the range of 11547–11574 and 10471–10834 cm–1 for the iron(II) and nickel(II) complexes, respectively.
A Single, Global Patient‐Centered Measure from the SF‐36 Instrument to Assess Surgical Outcomes and Quality of Life: A Pilot Study
Authors: Velanovich Vic , Younga Jason , Bhandarkar Varun , Marshall Nathan , McLaren Patrick , Ritz Jennifer , Rubinfeld Ilan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundMany quality of life (QoL) and patient‐reported outcomes (PRO) measures have been developed to assess the effects of disease processes and treatments. Although these instruments are valuable, the process is hampered because of their number and lack of interchangeability.MethodsWe identified a cohort of patients across a variety of operations within 3–12 months postoperatively. Patients completed the SF‐36, measuring eight domains of QoL (physical functioning, role‐physical, role‐emotional, bodily pain, vitality, mental health, social functioning, and general health), plus a health transition item: Compared to one year ago, how would you rate your health in general now?. (1) Much better now than one year ago. (2) Somewhat better now than one year ago. (3) About the same as one year ago. (4) Somewhat worse than one year ago. (5) Much worse than one year ago. Additional data included improvement of preoperative symptoms, the occurrence of any postoperative symptoms, and the occurrence of any postoperative complications.ResultsOf 217 patients, 28 % were much better, 28 % somewhat better, 27 % unchanged, 13 % somewhat worse, and 3 % much worse. The health transition results were associated with all SF‐36 domains, preoperative symptom change (p = 0.03) and persistent or new postoperative symptoms (p = 0.001), but not postoperative complications. Patients with persistent or new symptoms postoperatively had worse scores in the role‐emotional (p = 0.01), bodily pain (p = 0.05), social functioning (p = 0.02), and mental health (p = 0.009) domains of the SF‐36.ConclusionsThis single, global assessment of health transition may be a promising practical alternative to assess postoperative patient‐centered outcomes. Improved patients had better QoL scores, preoperative symptoms elimination, and no operation‐related symptoms, but the occurrence of complications did not affect improvement.
Hemostasis using a fully covered self‐expandable metal stent for marked bleeding from the bile duct following stent removal (with videos)
Authors: Tonozuka Ryosuke , Itoi Takao , Sofuni Atsushi , Itokawa Fumihide , Ishii Kentaro 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe describe a case of life‐threatening hemorrhage from the bile duct following stent removal. Eventually, hemostasis was achieved by tamponade using a fully covered self‐expandable metal stent.
Toward an Evidence‐Based System for Innovation Support for Implementing Innovations with Quality: Tools, Training, Technical Assistance, and Quality Assurance/Quality Improvement
Authors: Wandersman Abraham , Chien Victoria H. , Katz Jason 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn individual or organization that sets out to implement an innovation (e.g., a new technology, program, or policy) generally requires support. In the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation, a Support System should work with Delivery Systems (national, state and/or local entities such as health and human service organizations, community‐based organizations, schools) to enhance their capacity for quality implementation of innovations. The literature on the Support ystem has been under‐researched and under‐developed. This article begins to conceptualize theory, research, and action for an evidence‐based system for innovation support (EBSIS). EBSIS describes key priorities for strengthening the science and practice of support. The major goal of EBSIS is to enhance the research and practice of support in order to build capacity in the Delivery System for implementing innovations with quality, and thereby, help the Delivery System achieve outcomes. EBSIS is guided by a logic model that includes four key support components: tools, training, technical assistance, and quality assurance/quality improvement. EBSIS uses the Getting To Outcomes approach to accountability to aid the identification and synthesis of concepts, tools, and evidence for support. We conclude with some discussion of the current status of EBSIS and possible next steps, including the development of collaborative researcher‐practitioner‐funder‐consumer partnerships to accelerate accumulation of knowledge on the Support System.Special Issue: Advances in Bridging Research and Practice Using the Interactive System Framework for Dissemination and Implementation; Guest Editors: Abraham Wandersman, Paul Flaspohler, Catherine A. Lesesne, Richard Puddy; Action Editor: Emilie Phillips Smith
Clus-DTI: improving decision-tree classification with a clustering-based decision-tree induction algorithm
Authors: Barros Rodrigo C. , Basgalupp Márcio P. , de Carvalho André C. P. L. F. , Quiles Marcos G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDecision-tree induction is a well-known technique for assigning objects to categories in a white-box fashion. Most decision-tree induction algorithms rely on a sub-optimal greedy top-down recursive strategy for growing the tree. Even though such a strategy has been quite successful in many problems, it presents several deficiencies. For instance, there are cases in which the hyper-rectangular surfaces generated by these algorithms can only fit the input space after several sequential partitions, which results in a large and incomprehensible tree. In this paper, we propose a new decision-tree induction algorithm based on clustering named Clus-DTI. Our intention is to investigate how clustering data as a part of the induction process affects the accuracy and complexity of the generated models. Our performance analysis is not based solely on the straightforward comparison of our proposed algorithm to baseline classifiers. We also perform a data-dependency analysis in order to identify scenarios in which Clus-DTI is a more suitable option for inducing decision trees.
Potential of D‐cycloserine in the treatment of behavioral and neuroinflammatory disorders in Parkinson's disease and studies that need to be performed before clinical trials
Authors: Pawlak Cornelius Rainer , Chen Fu‐Shih , Wu Fu‐Ying , Ho Ying‐Jui 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHyperactivation of glutamatergic N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors has been implicated in the excitotoxicity and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). NMDA receptor blockers have been used clinically to treat dementia, but their efficacy is controversial. Modulation of NMDA receptors might improve neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in PD. D‐cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist binding to the glycine binding site of NMDA receptors, has been demonstrated to improve cognitive function in primates and rodents. Our previous study showed that DCS can reduce motor, emotional, and cognitive dysfunctions, as well as neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in a PD animal model and may therefore have potential for the treatment of neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in patients with PD. In addition, increased expression of cyclooxygenase type‐2 (COX‐2) has been observed in dopaminergic neurons and activated microglia in the brain of both PD patients and PD animal models. COX‐2 inhibitors can suppress activation of microglia and protect dopaminergic neurons from degeneration. Thus, a combination of DCS and COX‐2 inhibitors might prove useful in suppressing neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in PD.
High preoperative ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine increased mortality in gastrointestinal cancer patients who developed postoperative enteric fistulas
Authors: Lin Hsing‐Lin , Chen Chao‐Wen , Lu Chien‐Yu , Sun Li‐Chu , Shih Ying‐Ling , Chuang Jui‐Fen , Huang Yu‐Ho , Sheen Maw‐Chang , Wang Jaw‐Yuan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDevelopment of an enteric fistula after surgery is a major therapeutic complication. In this study, we retrospectively examined the potential relationship between preoperative laboratory data and patient mortality by collecting patient data from a tertiary medical center. We included patients who developed enteric fistulas after surgery for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer between January 2005 and December 2010. Patient demographics and data on preoperative and pre‐parenteral nutritional statuses were compared between surviving and deceased patients. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the predictors and cut‐off values, respectively. Patients with incomplete data and preoperative heart, lung, kidney, and liver diseases were excluded from the study; thus, out of 65 patients, 43 were enrolled. Logistic regression analysis showed that blood urea nitrogen‐to‐creatinine (BUN/Cr) ratio [p = 0.007; OR = 0.443, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.245–0.802] was an independent predictor of mortality in patients who developed enteric fistulas after surgery for GI cancer. In conclusion, the results of our study showed that a high preoperative BUN/Cr ratio increases the risk of mortality in patients who develop enteric fistulas after surgery for GI cancer.
Head and neck extranodal lymphoma in a single institute: A 17‐year retrospective analysis
Authors: Chi Hung‐Sheng , Lee Ka‐Wo , Chiang Feng‐Yu , Tai Chih‐Feng , Wang Ling‐Feng , Yang Sheau‐Fang , Lin Sheng‐Fung , Kuo Wen‐Rei 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe study's purposes are to identify patient characteristics, treatment response and survival rate, and to describe the important prognostic factors for our patients with extranodal head and neck lymphoma. Furthermore, no study has systemically discussed the overall figure of this disease in Taiwan and we analyzed our data on this topic. A retrospective review was performed for 86 patients with extranodal head and neck lymphoma, diagnosed in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, between 1990 and 2007. We evaluated the medical records and analyzed the possible factors affecting treatment outcomes, survival rate, and free‐from‐disease (FFD) survival rate. Forty‐nine male and 37 female patients were included with a male:female ratio of 1.32：1. The most frequent histologic type was diffuse large B cell lymphoma, accounting for 41.9% of the total. The most common primary site involved with extranodal head and neck non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was a tonsil with 27 cases (31.4%). Stage, international prognostic index (IPI) score, B symptoms, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, and lymph node status significantly affected treatment response. The overall 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates were 68.0% and 57.8%, respectively. The FFD survival rate was 53.6% and 49.3% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Factors including stage, lymph node status, LDH level, and IPI score produced significant differences in both overall survival and FFD survival. Our analyzed information is similar to other previously presented studies. Stage, IPI score, B symptoms, LDH level, and neck nodal status can be used to evaluate the treatment outcomes. Neck nodal status and stage are the two significant prognostic factors for overall survival.
An investigation on illness perception and adherence among hypertensive patients
Authors: Hsiao Chih‐Yin , Chang Chueh , Chen Chih‐Dao 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSuccessful blood pressure (BP) control requires good adherence to medication and specific health‐related behaviors. However, the BP control rate is not optimal, and limited research has focused on the patient's perspective. This study aimed at investigating the illness perceptions of hypertensive patients and how they relate to drug adherence. One hundred and seventeen hypertensive patients enrolled in this study, and data were collected in a family physician clinic of a medical center located in northern Taiwan. The Illness Perception Questionnaire was administered, and medication adherence and demographic data were also collected. Results showed the patients' perceptions of their hypertension, that it was a chronically severe but stable disease, and the patients were confident in the effectiveness of medical treatments and their ability to control their disease. The participants were divided into three clusters by cluster analysis. There were 46.15% participants in the first cluster; they had less negative belief in their illness consequence and less negative emotional responses, but a low personal sense of control. The second cluster (11.97%) had more negative emotional responses and more negative beliefs in their illness consequence, but these individuals scored highly on their personal sense of control and treatment control beliefs. The third cluster (41.88%) had scores between clusters 1 and 2. Cluster 1 had the best drug adherence, and cluster 2 had the worst drug adherence (χ2 = 7.67, p < 0.05). It may be beneficial for clinical physicians to pay attention to patients' illness perceptions, including their negative emotional response and symptoms, in order to improve their drug adherence.
City, State, and Public Ritual in the Late-Medieval Burgundian Netherlands
Authors: Arnade Peter 
Published: April 2012

At the end of a distinguished career as chronicler of the Burgundian court, Georges Chastellain (1404–75) penned a quick sketch of the outstanding accomplishments of his duke, Charles the Bold. Accustomed to expositions awash in chivalric pomp, Chastellain employed a different tack to commemorate this sovereign: He sketched eleven “magnificences” performed by the duke of Burgundy, all reconstructed images of this prince's engagement with ceremony. Foremost among this snapshot collection of state ritual was neither a tournament, nor a wedding ceremony, nor even a processional entry. What stood out, in Chastellain's estimation, as Charles' greatest deed was something more riveting and more powerful than any of these spectacles so beloved by the fifteenth-century Burgundian court:The first [magnificence] was at Brussels, where, seated on his throne, his sword unsheathed and held by his Marshall, he gathered the men of Ghent arranged kneeling before him and at his pleasure and in their presence cut and tore up the political charters they bore. Done for permanent record, this action was without parallel.For Chastellain, the supreme magnificence of Charles the Bold was a lesson in exemplary punishment, the public abasement of the aldermen and guild deans of the Flemish city of Ghent in January 1469, a year and a half after a city revolt of rank-and-file guildsmen had unsettled celebrations in honor of his accession to the countship of Flanders.