bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further studies on the diversity of Cylicospirura Vevers, 1922 (Nematoda: Spirocercidae) in African carnivores, with description of a new species
Authors: Junker Kerstin , de Klerk-Lorist Lin-Mari , Foggin Chris , Martin Coralie , Mutafchiev Yasen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCylicospirura Vevers, 1922 is a genus of gastrointestinal spirurid nematodes parasitizing mainly felid but also canid, hyaenid and dasyurid hosts. Presently, 11 species are recognized worldwide, of which 4, Cylicospirura subaequalis, Cylicospirura felinea, Cylicospirura crocutae and Cylicospirura pardalis, have been recorded from African carnivores. In the present study, we describe Cylicospirura phiri n. sp. from hyaenas, namely Crocuta crocuta (type host) in Zimbabwe and Hyaena hyaena in Cameroon. The new species is the second species in the genus with bicuspid teeth. Furthermore, it can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters, such as the absence of accessory teeth, the length and shape of the muscular oesophagus, position of the nerve ring, deirids and excretory pore in relation to the muscular oesophagus, the position of the vulva, spicule length and the shape of the female tail. Additionally, based on new material, detailed morphological descriptions are provided for C. crocutae and C. pardalis whose original descriptions were based on fragmented material. The material from Felis lybica, currently deposited as C. subaequalis, is described as C. felinea. First-time scanning electron micrographs are presented for the 4 species confirmed in African carnivores.
Sex-dependent differences in vulnerability to early risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder: results from the AURORA study
Authors: Haering Stephanie , Seligowski Antonia V. , Linnstaedt Sarah D. , Michopoulos Vasiliki , House Stacey L. , Beaudoin Francesca L. , An Xinming , Neylan Thomas C. , Clifford Gari D. , Germine Laura T. , Rauch Scott L. , Haran John P. , Storrow Alan B. , Lewandowski Christopher , Musey Paul I. , Hendry Phyllis L. , Sheikh Sophia , Jones Christopher W. , Punches Brittany E. , Swor Robert A. , Gentile Nina T. , Hudak Lauren A. , Pascual Jose L. , Seamon Mark J. , Pearson Claire , Peak David A. , Merchant Roland C. , Domeier Robert M. , Rathlev Niels K. , O'Neil Brian J. , Sanchez Leon D. , Bruce Steven E. , Harte Steven E. , McLean Samuel A. , Kessler Ronald C. , Koenen Karestan C. , Stevens Jennifer S. , Powers Abigail 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge of sex differences in risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can contribute to the development of refined preventive interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine if women and men differ in their vulnerability to risk factors for PTSD.MethodsAs part of the longitudinal AURORA study, 2924 patients seeking emergency department (ED) treatment in the acute aftermath of trauma provided self-report assessments of pre- peri- and post-traumatic risk factors, as well as 3-month PTSD severity. We systematically examined sex-dependent effects of 16 risk factors that have previously been hypothesized to show different associations with PTSD severity in women and men.ResultsWomen reported higher PTSD severity at 3-months post-trauma. Z-score comparisons indicated that for five of the 16 examined risk factors the association with 3-month PTSD severity was stronger in men than in women. In multivariable models, interaction effects with sex were observed for pre-traumatic anxiety symptoms, and acute dissociative symptoms; both showed stronger associations with PTSD in men than in women. Subgroup analyses suggested trauma type-conditional effects.ConclusionsOur findings indicate mechanisms to which men might be particularly vulnerable, demonstrating that known PTSD risk factors might behave differently in women and men. Analyses did not identify any risk factors to which women were more vulnerable than men, pointing toward further mechanisms to explain women's higher PTSD risk. Our study illustrates the need for a more systematic examination of sex differences in contributors to PTSD severity after trauma, which may inform refined preventive interventions.
Lost in translation? Deciphering the role of language differences in the excess risk of psychosis among migrant groups
Authors: Anderson Kelly K. , Khan Jahin Ali , Edwards Jordan , Le Britney , Longobardi Giuseppe , Witt Ivan , Alonso-Sánchez María Francisca , Palaniyappan Lena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMigration is a well-established risk factor for psychotic disorders, and migrant language has been proposed as a novel factor that may improve our understanding of this relationship. Our objective was to explore the association between indicators of linguistic distance and the risk of psychotic disorders among first-generation migrant groups.MethodsUsing linked health administrative data, we constructed a retrospective cohort of first-generation migrants to Ontario over a 20-year period (1992–2011). Linguistic distance of the first language was categorized using several approaches, including language family classifications, estimated acquisition time, syntax-based distance scores, and lexical-based distance scores. Incident cases of non-affective psychotic disorder were identified over a 5- to 25-year period. We used Poisson regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for each language variable, after adjustment for knowledge of English at arrival and other factors.ResultsOur cohort included 1 863 803 first-generation migrants. Migrants whose first language was in a different language family than English had higher rates of psychotic disorders (IRR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.16), relative to those whose first language was English. Similarly, migrants in the highest quintile of linguistic distance based on lexical similarity had an elevated risk of psychotic disorder (IRR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.24). Adjustment for knowledge of English at arrival had minimal effect on observed estimates.ConclusionWe found some evidence that linguistic factors that impair comprehension may play a role in the excess risk of psychosis among migrant groups; however, the magnitude of effect is small and unlikely to fully explain the elevated rates of psychotic disorder across migrant groups.
PP78 Real-World Trends And Medical Costs Of Stroke After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation In Korea: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study
Authors: Jung Sujin , Nam Hyewon , Lim Schezn , Choi Jae H. 
Published: May 2024

Introductions
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an established alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for patients with severe aortic stenosis. While procedural advancements have reduced the risk of stroke, stroke remains a serious complication of TAVI. To date, no study has investigated post-TAVI stroke costs in Korea. This study compared medical costs between patients with and without stroke after TAVI.

Methods
This was a retrospective study using claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Patients who underwent TAVI in certified hospitals between June 2015 and December 2020 were included; patients with SAVR prior to TAVI were excluded. Patients with postoperative stroke within 30 days of TAVI formed the “Stroke” group; remaining patients formed the “Non-Stroke” group. A generalized linear model with adjustment was used to compare mean medical costs in the first year after TAVI between the two groups. Exchange rate from xe.com (5 December 2022) was applied.

Results
In total, 3,046 TAVI patients were included for analysis (47% male, 85% aged ≥ 75 years). There were 61 (2%) patients in the “Stroke” group and 2,985 (98%) in the “Non-Stroke” group. Compared to the “Non-Stroke” group, the “Stroke” group had significantly higher adjusted mean total first-year medical costs (KRW 25,453,725 (95% confidence interval (CI):15,215,439-42,581,231) (USD 19,640 (95% CI:11,740-32,856)) vs. KRW 19,169,447 (95% CI:11,818,973-31,091,340) (USD 14,791 (95% CI:9,120-23,990)), p < 0.01). Of these costs, 90 percent (“Stroke”) and 84 percent (“Non-Stroke”) were hospitalization-related (“Stroke” vs. “Non-Stroke”: KRW 6,847,975 (USD 5,284); p < 0.01); the remainder were outpatient costs. Predictors of total medical costs were gender; hospital type; prior chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; prior diabetes; prior stroke; and postoperative stroke.

Conclusions
In Korea, TAVI patients with stroke had higher first-year medical costs compared to those without stroke, driven by hospitalization costs. Stroke poses an immediate, heavy economic burden on healthcare systems. Longer-term (e.g., caregiver, rehabilitation) costs were not captured in this analysis; future studies are needed to provide supplementary evidence on the total economic burden of stroke.
Living in the edge: large terrestrial mammal and bird species traits and the ability to cope with extreme environmental conditions and human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in Colombia
Authors: Montes-Rojas Andrés , Hernández-Rodríguez Juan S. , Galvis Nelson F. , Link Andres 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Tropical drylands are characterized by extreme environmental conditions that, coupled with anthropogenic habitat degradation, can limit the occurrence of native species. Species that are most sensitive to these pressures may be prone to disappear in the context of climate change. In this study, we evaluated the influence of environmental and anthropogenic variables on the occurrence of large mammals and birds at the Tatacoa Desert, an arid region in central Colombia. We tested the relationship between the magnitude of the species’ responses to environmental, human-related variables and to body mass, and percentage of carnivory. Overall, we found a positive association between forest cover and the occupancy of the largest mammals (> 8kg), negative associations between solar radiation and human footprint with individual species occupancy, and a positive association of species occupancy with distance to touristic sites. Our results suggest that the largest and/or more carnivore species may be affected positively by forest cover and negatively by intense solar radiation highlighting the consequences of the increasing process of desertification on large mammals and birds at the upper Magdalena River basin of Colombia under the current scenario of global climate change.
Multidimensional profiles of head start preschoolers’ moral self-concept predict subsequent, but not concurrent, aggression
Authors: Gahtan Jamie , Baker Erin Ruth , Huang Rong , Salim Sumaita Binta , Park Sojung 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The moral self-concept (MSC) describes how children view themselves as moral agents. Research suggests that the MSC may relate to moral behavior, yet little is known about how MSC relates to moral behavior in preschoolers. One hundred six low-income children (M
age
= 52.78 months, SD = 6.61 months) and their teachers participated in this study. In the fall, children completed a MSC puppet task measure. In the fall and spring, teachers reported via children’s survey prosocial behavior and aggressive behavior. We used a person-centered approach to identify profiles of MSC, which revealed two profiles of behavior: comforting prosocials and helpful aggressors. Comforting prosocials showed a moderate preference for comforting, a slight preference for helping, and a slight preference for avoiding aggression. Helpful aggressors had a moderate aversion to comforting, a strong preference for helping, and a slight preference for aggressive behavior. Subsequent analysis of covariance analysis revealed that MSC profiles did not differ in concurrent behavior but did differ in behavior 6 months later. The comforting prosocial group participated in more aggression than the helpful aggressors. Additionally, analysis of covariance analysis of change in aggression scores over time showed that comforting prosocials aggression increased, while helpful aggressors aggression decreased. Both groups over time decreased in prosocial behavior, but to different degrees. Overall, findings reveal that the MSC in preschoolers may relate to future not concurrent moral behavior.
Two different language ideologies and conflicting representations of China in Chinese Mandarin andHanja
Authors: Choi Hyungkwon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article demonstrates the ambivalent sentiments of Koreans toward China as represented by the ideological construction ofHanja(traditional Chinese characters) and Chinese Mandarin embodied in Korean media. Adopting discourse analysis to examine what is described by different language ideologies, this article investigates language discourses concerningHanjaand Mandarin, locating the former mainly within linguistic nationalism and the latter within linguistic instrumentalism. This article puts forth two suggestions. First, investigating linguistic nationalism in relation to the use ofHanjanot only displays negative and antagonistic attitudes toward China and the use ofHanjaas an embodiment of humiliating historical experiences but also shows ambiguity, fluidity, and vulnerability of Korean national identity. Second, in contrast toHanja, Koreans' heated enthusiasm to learn Mandarin shows their affection for China as a global market and becomes intertwined with linguistic instrumentalism, embodying an articulation of neoliberalism by reproducing structures of inequality.
Local rivalries, foreign entanglements: the role of domestic politics in Cambodia's Chinese embrace
Authors: Strangio Sebastian , Li Mingjiang , Li Xirui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNo country in Southeast Asia is as close to China as Cambodia is at present. Under Hun Sen's leadership, Cambodia has actively participated in the Belt and Road Initiative and repeatedly blocked ASEAN's statements on the South China Sea (SCS). How can we better understand Cambodia's embrace of China? We argue that Hun Sen chose to embrace China due to the convergence of challenges posed by Cambodia's domestic opposition forces and international democratic pressures. The more severe the domestic political challenges, the more Hun Sen and his ruling party need China's support. Since Hun Sen remains the most powerful figure in Cambodia despite his recent resignation as prime minister, whether Cambodia's dependence on China can be altered depends on the ability of the West to modify its approach and attitude toward Hun Sen, his successor, and their domestic opponents. Nevertheless, regardless of how the future unfolds, domestic politics is likely to play an important role in Cambodia's foreign alignments in the foreseeable future.
Light People: Professor Fanglin Bao and his cover story
Authors: Wang Ji 
Published: May 2024

EditorialQu Yuan, a renowned ancient Chinese poet, once pondered in his work Heavenly Inquiry: “If the sun’s light is absent, from where does the radiance of the Hero Flower emanate?” The ability to see clearly in the darkest of nights has long been a sought-after magical power by humans. It holds not only immense technological significance for computer vision and remote sensing but also profound implications for transcending the dichotomy between day and night in our daily lives. Professor Fanglin Bao from Westlake University has made significant breakthroughs in this field, bringing us closer to a world where we can transform night into day. His groundbreaking research on Heat-Assisted Detection and Ranging (HADAR) and night vision was featured as the cover story in Nature on July 26, 2023.For this issue of “Light People”, Professor Fanglin Bao will share his research journey and the captivating story behind HADAR.
Revealing the mechanism and function underlying pairwise temporal coupling in collective motion
Authors: Amichay Guy , Li Liang , Nagy Máté , Couzin Iain D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCoordinated motion in animal groups has predominantly been studied with a focus on spatial interactions, such as how individuals position and orient themselves relative to one another. Temporal aspects have, by contrast, received much less attention. Here, by studying pairwise interactions in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio)—including using immersive volumetric virtual reality (VR) with which we can directly test models of social interactions in situ—we reveal that there exists a rhythmic out-of-phase (i.e., an alternating) temporal coordination dynamic. We find that reciprocal (bi-directional) feedback is both necessary and sufficient to explain this emergent coupling. Beyond a mechanistic understanding, we find, both from VR experiments and analysis of freely swimming pairs, that temporal coordination considerably improves spatial responsiveness, such as to changes in the direction of motion of a partner. Our findings highlight the synergistic role of spatial and temporal coupling in facilitating effective communication between individuals on the move.
Drug screening on digital microfluidics for cancer precision medicine
Authors: Zhai Jiao , Liu Yingying , Ji Weiqing , Huang Xinru , Wang Ping , Li Yunyi , Li Haoran , Wong Ada Hang-Heng , Zhou Xiong , Chen Ping , Wang Lianhong , Yang Ning , Chen Chi , Chen Haitian , Mak Pui-In , Deng Chu-Xia , Martins Rui , Yang Mengsu , Ho Tsung-Yi , Yi Shuhong , Yao Hailong , Jia Yanwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDrug screening based on in-vitro primary tumor cell culture has demonstrated potential in personalized cancer diagnosis. However, the limited number of tumor cells, especially from patients with early stage cancer, has hindered the widespread application of this technique. Hence, we developed a digital microfluidic system for drug screening using primary tumor cells and established a working protocol for precision medicine. Smart control logic was developed to increase the throughput of the system and decrease its footprint to parallelly screen three drugs on a 4 × 4 cm2 chip in a device measuring 23 × 16 × 3.5 cm3. We validated this method in an MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenograft mouse model and liver cancer specimens from patients, demonstrating tumor suppression in mice/patients treated with drugs that were screened to be effective on individual primary tumor cells. Mice treated with drugs screened on-chip as ineffective exhibited similar results to those in the control groups. The effective drug identified through on-chip screening demonstrated consistency with the absence of mutations in their related genes determined via exome sequencing of individual tumors, further validating this protocol. Therefore, this technique and system may promote advances in precision medicine for cancer treatment and, eventually, for any disease.
General synthesis of ionic-electronic coupled two-dimensional materials
Authors: Xu Xiang , Chen Yunxin , Liu Pengbin , Luo Hao , Li Zexin , Li Dongyan , Wang Haoyun , Song Xingyu , Wu Jinsong , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) AMX2 compounds are a family of mixed ionic and electronic conductors (where A is a monovalent metal ion, M is a trivalent metal, and X is a chalcogen) that offer a fascinating platform to explore intrinsic coupled ionic-electronic properties. However, the synthesis of 2D AMX2 compounds remains challenging due to their multielement characteristics and various by-products. Here, we report a separated-precursor-supply chemical vapor deposition strategy to manipulate the chemical reactions and evaporation of precursors, facilitating the successful fabrication of 20 types of 2D AMX2 flakes. Notably, a 10.4 nm-thick AgCrS2 flake shows superionic behavior at room temperature, with an ionic conductivity of 192.8 mS/cm. Room temperature ferroelectricity and reconfigurable positive/negative photovoltaic currents have been observed in CuScS2 flakes. This study not only provides an effective approach for the synthesis of multielement 2D materials with unique properties, but also lays the foundation for the exploration of 2D AMX2 compounds in electronic, optoelectronic, and neuromorphic devices.
Integrating cryo-OrbiSIMS with computational modelling and metadynamics simulations enhances RNA structure prediction at atomic resolution
Authors: Ward Shannon , Childs Alex , Staley Ceri , Waugh Christopher , Watts Julie A. , Kotowska Anna M. , Bhosale Rahul , Borkar Aditi N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe 3D architecture of RNAs governs their molecular interactions, chemical reactions, and biological functions. However, a large number of RNAs and their protein complexes remain poorly understood due to the limitations of conventional structural biology techniques in deciphering their complex structures and dynamic interactions. To address this limitation, we have benchmarked an integrated approach that combines cryogenic OrbiSIMS, a state-of-the-art solid-state mass spectrometry technique, with computational methods for modelling RNA structures at atomic resolution with enhanced precision. Furthermore, using 7SK RNP as a test case, we have successfully determined the full 3D structure of a native RNA in its apo, native and disease-remodelled states, which offers insights into the structural interactions and plasticity of the 7SK complex within these states. Overall, our study establishes cryo-OrbiSIMS as a valuable tool in the field of RNA structural biology as it enables the study of challenging, native RNA systems.
Artificial intelligence enables precision diagnosis of cervical cytology grades and cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Jue , Yu Yunfang , Tan Yujie , Wan Huan , Zheng Nafen , He Zifan , Mao Luhui , Ren Wei , Chen Kai , Lin Zhen , He Gui , Chen Yongjian , Chen Ruichao , Xu Hui , Liu Kai , Yao Qinyue , Fu Sha , Song Yang , Chen Qingyu , Zuo Lina , Wei Liya , Wang Jin , Ouyang Nengtai , Yao Herui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCervical cancer is a significant global health issue, its prevalence and prognosis highlighting the importance of early screening for effective prevention. This research aimed to create and validate an artificial intelligence cervical cancer screening (AICCS) system for grading cervical cytology. The AICCS system was trained and validated using various datasets, including retrospective, prospective, and randomized observational trial data, involving a total of 16,056 participants. It utilized two artificial intelligence (AI) models: one for detecting cells at the patch-level and another for classifying whole-slide image (WSIs). The AICCS consistently showed high accuracy in predicting cytology grades across different datasets. In the prospective assessment, it achieved an area under curve (AUC) of 0.947, a sensitivity of 0.946, a specificity of 0.890, and an accuracy of 0.892. Remarkably, the randomized observational trial revealed that the AICCS-assisted cytopathologists had a significantly higher AUC, specificity, and accuracy than cytopathologists alone, with a notable 13.3% enhancement in sensitivity. Thus, AICCS holds promise as an additional tool for accurate and efficient cervical cancer screening.