bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of a microporous polymer electrolyte based on poly(vinylidene fluoride)/ionic‐liquid‐functionalized SiO2 for dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Yan Yang , Jie Tao , Xin Jin , Qi Qin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new type of ionic‐liquid‐functionalized SiO2 (IL‐SiO2) was synthesized to develop a microporous polymer electrolyte for quasi‐solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells. The samples were characterized by 1H‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, the ionic conductivity of the electrolytes was measured by an electrochemical workstation. Nanostructured silica containing imidazolium iodide showed excellent compatibility with the organic solvent. The incorporation of the IL‐SiO2 component into the polymer matrix improved the electrochemical behavior of the gel polymer electrolyte. A dye‐sensitized solar cell with a gel polymer electrolyte yielded an open‐circuit voltage of 0.662 V, a short‐circuit current of 13.40 mA/cm2, and a conversion efficiency of 4.01% at 1 sun illumination. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Pleuroperitoneal Canal Closure and the Fetal Adrenal Gland
Authors: Hayashi Shogo , Fukuzawa Yoshitaka , Rodríguez‐Vázquez José Francisco , Cho Baik Hwan , Verdugo‐López Samuel , Murakami Gen , Nakano Takashi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPleuroperitoneal canal (PP canal) closure is generally considered to result from an increase in the height, and subsequent fusion, of the bilateral pleuroperitoneal folds (PP folds). However, the folds develop in the area ventral to the adrenal, in contrast to the final position of the diaphragm, which extends to the dorsal side of the adrenal (the “retro‐adrenal” diaphragm). We examined the semiserial histology of 20 human embryos and fetuses (crown‐rump length 11–40 mm). We started observations of the canal at the stage through which the lung bud extends far caudally along the dorsal body wall to the level of the future adrenal, and the phrenic nerve has already reached the PP fold. Subsequently, the developing adrenal causes narrowing of the dorsocaudal parts of the canal, and provides the bilateral midsagittal recesses or “false” bottoms of the pleural cavity. However, at this stage, the PP fold mesenchymal cells are still restricted to the ventral side of the adrenal, especially along the liver and esophagus. Thereafter, in accordance with ascent of the lung, possibly due to anchoring of the liver to the adrenal, the PP fold mesenchymal cells seem to migrate laterally along the coelomic mesothelium covering some sheet‐like loose mesenchymal tissue behind the adrenal. Final closure of the PP canal by lateral migration to provide the “retro‐adrenal” diaphragm is a process quite different from the common dogma. It is likely that the sheet‐like loose mesenchymal tissue becomes the caudal part of the pleural cavity through a process involving cell death. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrophysiological response patterns of 16 olfactory neurons from the trichoid sensilla to odorant from fecal volatiles in the locust, locusta migratoria manilensis
Authors: Cui Xiaojie , Wu Caihong , Zhang Long 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLocusts are the most serious pests of crops in greater part of the world. They locate their host plants primarily through olfactory cues, using antennal chemosensilla, which house olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Despite the great economical interest of these species, their olfactory neurons have been poorly investigated at the functional level. In this study, we have used single sensillum recordings (SSRs) to obtain response patterns of ORNs from the antennal trichoid sensilla to various chemicals in the oriental locust Locusta migratoria. On the basis of their spontaneous spike amplitudes, trichoid sensilla could be distinguished into two types, housing two or three ORNs, respectively. These two structural types could be further classified into seven functional subtypes. Nine different odorants that are present in the locust feces were used as stimulants during SSRs. In particular, benzaldehyde elicited inhibitory responses in most of the ORNs tested. Moreover, in a majority of these ORNs, the excitatory responses obtained with trans‐2‐hexenal or 2‐heptanone was inhibited when benzaldehyde was mixed with these stimulants. At least 16 response patterns of these ORNs to nine chemicals were identified by SSRs, suggesting a high complexity of the cellular mechanisms underlying chemoreception in locusts. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global finite‐time stabilization of planar nonlinear systems with disturbance
Authors: Li Peng , Zheng Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper proposes a continuous global finite‐time controller for a class of planar systems with disturbance. The proposed controller consists of nominal and compensated parts. The nominal part, designed by an homogeneity‐based technique, takes care only of the nominal system. The closed‐loop nominal system is asymptotically stable and satisfies negative homogeneity of degree. However, using a finite‐time convergent second order sliding mode super‐twisting algorithm, the compensated part enables cancelling of the disturbance which is time‐varying or unbounded as long as its derivative is bounded. The combination of the nominal and compensated parts makes the planar system globally finite‐time stable. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Developmental and reproductive toxicology studies in IL‐12p40 knockout mice
Authors: Enright Brian P. , Davila Donna R. , Tornesi Belen M. , Blaich Guenter , Hoberman Alan M. , Gallenberg Loretta A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)‐12 is a cytokine that can exert regulatory effects on T and NK cells. This study was designed to identify potential developmental and reproductive hazards associated with IL‐12p40 knockout in mice. METHODS: In the combined fertility and teratology study, female F0 C57/BL6 wild‐type control mice and female F0 C57/BL6 IL‐12p40 homozgyous knockout mice were assessed for estrous cyclicity, sperm, and mating parameters. Pregnant females were euthanized on gestation day (GD) 18 and their fetuses were assessed for external, visceral, and skeletal development. In the peri and postnatal development study, the F1 wild‐type control and IL‐12p40 knockout mice were assessed for developmental landmarks, sexual development, passive avoidance, motor activity, and morris water maze. RESULTS: The IL‐12p40 knockout male mice exhibited decreased testis weights when compared to the wild‐type control group; however, this finding was not considered adverse, as it had no apparent functional effects on mating, fertility, and pregnancy rates or sperm motility. The IL‐12p40 knockout group exhibited effects on estrous cycle length, passive avoidance, morris water maze, and motor activity when compared to the wild‐type control group. However, since these findings were small in magnitude, transient and/or had no apparent effects on subsequent growth and development, they were not considered adverse. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that although IL‐12p40 homozygous knockout in mice exhibited effects on developmental and reproductive parameters, these effects were relatively minor and were not considered adverse. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92:102–110, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling enzyme production with Aspergillus oryzae in pilot scale vessels with different agitation, aeration, and agitator types
Authors: Albaek Mads O. , Gernaey Krist V. , Hansen Morten S. , Stocks Stuart M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to demonstrate how a model can be constructed such that the progress of a submerged fed‐batch fermentation of a filamentous fungus can be predicted with acceptable accuracy. The studied process was enzyme production with Aspergillus oryzae in 550 L pilot plant stirred tank reactors. Different conditions of agitation and aeration were employed as well as two different impeller geometries. The limiting factor for the productivity was oxygen supply to the fermentation broth, and the carbon substrate feed flow rate was controlled by the dissolved oxygen tension. In order to predict the available oxygen transfer in the system, the stoichiometry of the reaction equation including maintenance substrate consumption was first determined. Mainly based on the biomass concentration a viscosity prediction model was constructed, because rising viscosity of the fermentation broth due to hyphal growth of the fungus leads to significant lower mass transfer towards the end of the fermentation process. Each compartment of the model was shown to predict the experimental results well. The overall model can be used to predict key process parameters at varying fermentation conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1828–1840. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parenchyma‐wise technique for the harvest and implantation of hepatic segment 2–3 grafts: Anatomic basis and surgical steps
Authors: El Gharbawy Ramadan M. , Skandalakis Lee J. , Heffron Thomas G. , Skandalakis John E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe propose a technique for pediatric liver transplantation that does not waste the donor's parenchyma. Organ shortage has extended criteria for donor acceptance, such that even individuals with livers of suboptimal volume can donate their segment 2–3. By incorporating wise use of parenchyma, our proposed technique for harvesting segment 2–3 for implantation in a pediatric recipient benefits these and other donors, and it might increase donations. This is especially important in countries in which procurement of organs from the deceased is not allowed. Our technique also aims to solve the problem of the large‐for‐size syndrome for neonates and extremely small infants and to allow for primary closure of the abdomen. This technique enables harvest of the following four grafts: (1) complete segment 2–3; (2) reduced segment 2–3; (3) complete segment 3; and (4) reduced segment 3. The surgeon will select the type that has suitable graft‐to‐recipient weight ratio and that suits the donor's liver anatomy and volume. These four types benefit the donor by preserving the parenchyma of segment 4 and the left part of the caudate lobe. The three graft types other than the complete segment 2–3 graft will also preserve varying fractions of theparenchyma of segment 2–3. The technique for complete segment 2–3 graft can be put into practice immediately; the techniques for the other three grafts need an imaging modality to preoperatively delineate the donor's fourth‐order bile ducts. We expect to correct this deficiency in the near future by developing the requisite imaging technique. Clin. Anat. 24:748–756, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A high‐rising epiglottis: A benign anatomical variant
Authors: Alamri Yassar , Stringer Mark D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe report an asymptomatic 10‐year‐old boy who was found to have a high‐rising epiglottis visible in his pharynx. This benign anatomical variant is not widely recognized yet may cause anxiety to patients and their families. The prevalence of this finding is controversial, and it is uncertain whether it reflects an abnormal position, size, and/or shape of the epiglottis. It is probably more common in children, which is to be expected considering the normal descent of the larynx with postnatal growth. To date, the condition has not been associated with any significant clinical sequelae. Clin. Anat. 24:652–654, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Branching pattern of middle cerebral artery in an African population
Authors: Ogeng'o Julius A. , Njongo Wanjiku , Hemed Elbusaidy , Obimbo Moses M. , Gimongo Jacob 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBranching pattern of middle cerebral artery influences frequency of its aneurysms, and is of potential value in their surgical repair and diagnosis of stroke. This pattern shows inter‐population variations but there is paucity of data from Africans. This study aimed at describing branching pattern among black Kenyans. Middle cerebral arteries numbering 288 from 144 formalin fixed brains obtained during dissection and autopsy at Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi, Kenya were studied. Origin of the middle cerebral artery was identified at base of brain and its stem followed by gently separating the fronto‐parietal and temporal lobes. Pattern of early cortical, lenticulostriate, and terminal branching was recorded and macrographs taken. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 13.0 for windows and presented using macrographs. All the brains had bilateral middle cerebral arteries which were continuations of the internal carotid artery. Variations of the artery observed included duplication (1.7%), early bifurcation (5.2%), and early cortical branching (47%), predominantly temporal (63.9%). Lenticulostriate arteries arose predominantly from the pre‐bifurcation segment as single branches (64.6%), and as common trunks (35.4%). Modes of termination were bifurcation (82.3%), trifurcation (10.8%), primary trunks (6.2%), and quadrifurcation (0.7%). Cortical branching pattern of the middle cerebral artery resembles that of Caucasian and Indian populations suggesting equal vulnerability to aneurysms and stroke. Pattern of origin of lenticulostriate arteries, predominantly from the pre‐bifurcation segment and higher percentage of common trunks implies that the population is more prone to ischemia after aneurysm repair. Extra diligence during operation on proximal middle cerebral artery is called for. Clin. Anat. 24:692–698, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theoretical Study of 13C Chemical Shifts Structures of Some ortho‐Substituted 3‐Anilino‐2‐nitrobenzo[b]thiophenes and 2‐Anilino‐3‐nitrobenzo[b]thiophenes and Comparison with Experimental
Authors: Mahdi Rezaei Sameti 
Published: March 2011

Abstract13C NMR chemical shifts have been calculated for structures of some substituted 3‐anilino‐2‐nitrobenzo‐[b]thiophenes (2o) and 2‐anilino‐3‐nitrobenzo[b]thiophenes (3o) derivatives containing OH, NH2, OMe, Me, Et, H, F, Cl and Br. The molecular structures were fully optimized using B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p). The calculation of the 13C shielding tensors employed the GAUSSIAN 03 implementation of the gauge‐including atomic orbital (GIAO) and continuous set of gauge transformations (CSGT) by using 6‐311++G(d,p) basis set at density functional levels of theories (DFT). The isotropic and the anisotropy parameters of chemical shielding for all compounds are calculated. The predicted 13C chemical shifts are derived from equation δ=δ0+δ where δ is the chemical shift, δ is the absolute shielding, and δ0 is the absolute shielding of the standard TMS. Excellent linear relationships have been observed between experimental and calculated 13C NMR chemical shifts for all derivatives
Investigation on Electronic Property of Passive Film on Nickel in Bicarbonate/Carbonate Buffer Solution
Authors: Li Dangguo , Wang Jiadao , Chen Haosheng , Chen Darong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe electronic properties of passive film formed on nickel in bicarbonate/carbonate buffer solution were studied by electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and Mott‐Schottky plot. The film composition was analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that passive film exhibited p‐type semi‐conductive character, and the acceptor density (NA) decreased with increasing potential, prolonging time, decreasing temperature, increasing pH value and decreasing chloride/sulfur ions concentration. The transfer resistance and film resistance increased with the above factors changing. XPS results showed that passive film was composed of NiO and a little amount of Ni2O3.
Synthesis and Characterization of Antimony(III) Complexes of Thioamides, and Crystal Structure of {[Sb(Imt)2Cl2]2((2‐Imt)}Cl2(Imt=Imidazolidine‐2‐thione)
Authors: Ajaz Humayun , Hussain Sajjad , Altaf Muhammad , Stoeckli‐Evans Helen , Isab Anvarhusein A. , Mahmood Rashid , Altaf Shahnila , Ahmad Saeed 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAntimony(III) complexes of thioamides [thioamides=thiourea (Tu), N,N′‐dimethylthiourea (Dmtu), tetramethylthiourea (Tmtu), imidazolidine‐2‐thione (Imt) and diazinane‐2‐thione (Diaz)] with the general formulae, Sb(thione)nCl3 (n=1, 2, 2.5, 3) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR (1H, 13C) spectroscopic methods. The spectral data of the complexes are consistent with the coordination of the thiones to antimony(III). The crystal structure of one of them, {[Sb(Imt)2Cl2]2(μ2‐Imt)}Cl2 (1), was determined by X‐ray crystallography, which shows that the complex is dinuclear consisting of two [Sb(Imt)2Cl2] units bridged by an Imt molecule. In 1, the antimony atom is bonded to two chlorine atoms, two sulfur atoms of coordinated Imt molecules and one sulfur atom of a bridging Imt molecule. The antimony environment can be considered to be distorted octahedral with one Cl− ion weakly bound to antimony.
Synthesis, Characterization, DNA‐binding Properties and DNA Cleavage of a New Ternary Copper(II) Complex with Mixed‐ligands of Tridentate Schiff Base and 1,10‐Phenanthroline
Authors: Dong Jianfang , Li Lianzhi , Li Linwei , Xu Tao , Wang Daqi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new copper(II) complex, [Cu(naph‐leu)phen]CH3OH·0.5H2O, in which naph‐leu is the tridentate Schiff base ligand derived from the condensation of 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde and L‐leucine, phen is phenanthroline, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The DNA‐binding properties of this complex have been investigated by absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and circular dichroism (CD) spectra, as well as viscosity measurement. Results show that this copper(II) complex binds to calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) in an intercalative mode and its intrinsic binding constant Kb is 4.87×103 L·mol−1. Furthermore, the DNA cleavage activity of this copper(II) complex has also been investigated by submarine gel electrophoresis. Interestingly, it was found that this complex can cleave the supercoiled plasmid pBR322 DNA to both nicked and linear forms.
Syntheses, Optical Properties and Photoactivated Insecticidal Activities of Cyclic Arylethynylsilanes
Authors: Shao Guang , Li Yong , Yu Huijuan , He Ting , Jiang Dingxin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSyntheses and optical properties of cyclic arylethynylsilanes containing one or two trialkyne pockets were described. Optical properties such as UV‐vis spectra, photoluminescence and quantum yield based on these conjugated structural features were compared with each other. The photoactivated insecticidal activities against the 4th‐instar larvae of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) were evaluated.
Synthesis of 3,5‐Dichloro‐4‐(1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl Containing 1,2,3‐Thiadiazole Derivatives via Ugi Reaction and Their Biological Activities
Authors: Wang Shouxin , Wang Huan , Fan Zhijin , Fu Yifeng , Mi Na , Zhang Jufang , Zhang Zhengcai , Belskaya Nataliya P. , Bakulev Vasiliy A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of novel 3,5‐dichloro‐4‐(1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl containing 4‐methyl‐1,2,3‐thiadiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized via Ugi reaction. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and high‐resolution mass spectroscopy. The preliminary bioassay results indicated that some title compounds had good fungicide activity at 50 µg/mL; most of the compounds presented a certain degree of direct inhibition activity, good inactivation and curative activity against tobacco mosaic virus at 500 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL; some compounds showed good larvicidal activity against Plutella xylostella L. at 200 µg/mL and excellent larvicidal activities against Culex pipiens pallens at 2 µg/mL.
Copper(II) and 1,1′‐Trimethylene‐2,2′‐biimidazole‐promoted Arylation of Acetylacetone with Aryl Iodides
Authors: Liu Jianli , Zeng Runsheng , Zhou Chunmei , Zou Jianping 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new and efficient way was developed to carry out the reaction of acetylacetone with aryl iodides under the assistance of Cu(II) and 1,1′‐trimethylene‐2,2′‐biimidazole at 100°C. 3‐Aryl‐2,4‐pentanediones were obtained in excellent yields.
Na2S2O4‐Mediated Cyclocondensations of 2,2′‐Disulfanediyldi‐ anilines with Aldehydes: A Facile and Inexpensive Method for the Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzothiazoles
Authors: Wang Zhanglin , Tang Riyuan , Xiao Qin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA facile and inexpensive method for the synthesis of 2‐substituted benzothiazoles has been developed by Na2S2O4‐mediated cyclocondensations of 2,2′‐disulfanediyldianilines with aldehydes. In the presence of Na2S2O4 and 4 Å molecular sieves, a variety of 2‐substituted benzothiazoles were obtained from the reaction of 2,2′‐disulfanediyldianilines with aldehydes in moderate to high yields.
On Water: Br?nsted Acidic Ionic Liquid [(CH2)4SO3HMIM][HSO4] Catalysed Synthesis of Oxindoles Derivatives
Authors: Karimi Narges , Oskooi Hooesin , Heravi Majid , Saeedi Mina , Zakeri Masoumeh , Tavakoli Niloofar 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSome oxindoles derivatives are synthesized from the condensation of indoles with isatins in the presence of green and recycable catalyst [(CH2)4SO3HMIM][HSO4] in water at room temperature.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Albendazole Drug in Tablets: Spectroscopic Characterization of the Charge‐transfer Solid Complexes
Authors: Refat Moamen S. , Mohamed Gehad G. , Fathi Ahmed 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSimple, rapid and reliable method for the determination of albendazole (ABZ) was described. This includes the utility of some Π‐acceptors such as 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐p‐benzoquinone (DDQ) and 3,6‐dichloro‐2,5‐dihy‐ droxy‐p‐benzoquinone (p‐CLA) for estimation of ABZ drug (act as donor). The experimental conditions were optimized and the system obeys Beer's law for 7.50–80 and 10.00–85.00 µg·mL−1 of ABZ using DDQ and p‐CLA, respectively. The molar absorptivity and Sandell sensitivity were calculated to be 1.83×103 and 1.12×103 L·mol−1·cm−1, and 2.60 and 3.40 ng·cm−2 using DDQ and p‐CLA, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated to be (7.42 and 6.73) and (9.94 and 4.13) µg·mL−1 using DDQ and p‐CLA, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of ABZ in commercially available dosage forms. The reliability of the assays was established by parallel determination by the official method and recovery studies. The chemical structures of the solid charge‐transfer (CT) complexes formed via reaction between ABZ under study and Π‐acceptors, have been elucidated using elemental analyses (C, H and N), IR, 1H NMR and mass spectra.