bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial injury and ventricular torsion after marathon running
Authors: Hanssen Henner , Keithahn Alexandra , Hertel Gernot , Drexel Verena , Stern Heiko , Schuster Tibor , Lorang Dan , Beer Ambros J. , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno , Nickel Thomas , Weis Michael , Botnar Rene , Schwaiger Markus , Halle Martin 
Published: September 2010

Recent reports provide indirect evidence of myocardial injury and ventricular dysfunction after prolonged exercise. However, existing data is conflicting and lacks direct verification of functional myocardial alterations by CMR [cardiac MR (magnetic resonance)]. The present study sought to examine structural myocardial damage and modification of LV (left ventricular) wall motion by CMR imaging directly after a marathon. Analysis of cTnT (cardiac troponin T) and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) serum levels, echocardiography [pulsed-wave and TD (tissue Doppler)] and CMR were performed before and after amateur marathon races in 28 healthy males aged 41±5 years. CMR included LGE (late gadolinium enhancement) and myocardial tagging to assess myocardial injury and ventricular motion patterns. Echocardiography indicated alterations of diastolic filling [decrease in E/A (early transmitral diastolic filling velocity/late transmitral diastolic filling velocity) ratio and E′ (tissue Doppler early transmitral diastolic filling velocity)] postmarathon. All participants had a significant increase in NT-proBNP and/or cTnT levels. However, we found no evidence of LV LGE. MR tagging demonstrated unaltered radial shortening, circumferential and longitudinal strain. Myocardial rotation analysis, however, revealed an increase of maximal torsion by 18.3% (13.1±3.8 to 15.5±3.6 °; P=0.002) and maximal torsion velocity by 35% (6.8±1.6 to 9.2±2.5 °·s−1; P&lt;0.001). Apical rotation velocity during diastolic filling was increased by 1.23±0.33 °·s−1 after marathon (P&lt;0.001) in a multivariate analysis adjusted for heart rate, whereas peak untwist rate showed no relevant changes. Although marathon running leads to a transient increase of cardiac biomarkers, no detectable myocardial necrosis was observed as evidenced by LGE MRI (MR imaging). Endurance exercise induces an augmented systolic wringing motion of the myocardium and increased diastolic filling velocities. The stress of marathon running seems to be better described as a burden of myocardial overstimulation rather than cardiac injury.
Carbon-based nanoscience and nanotechnology: where are we, where are we heading?
Authors: Patrick G Soukiassian  , M S Ramachandra Rao  
Published: September 2010

'Without carbon, life cannot exist', the saying goes, and not only life. For technological development, carbon was the ultimate material of the 19th century. It allowed the beginnings of the industrial revolution, enabling the rise of the steel and chemical industries, it made the railways run, and it played a major role in the development of naval transportation. Silicon, another very interesting material which makes up a quarter of the earth's crust, became the material of the 20th century in its turn. It gave us the development of high performance electronics and photovoltaics with large fields of applications and played a pivotal role in the evolution of computer technology. The increased device performance of information and data processing systems is changing our lives on a daily basis, producing scientific innovations for a new industrial era. However, success breeds its own problems, and there is ever more data to be handled—which requires a nanoscience approach. This cluster aims to address various aspects, prospects and challenges in this area of great interest for all our futures.
Carbon exists in various allotropic forms that are intensively investigated for their unusual and fascinating properties, from both fundamental and applied points of view. Among them, the sp
2 (fullerenes, nanotubes and graphene) and sp
3 (diamond) bonding configurations are of special interest since they have outstanding and, in some cases, unsurpassed properties compared to other materials. These properties include very high mechanical resistance, very high hardness, high resistance to radiation damage, high thermal conductivity, biocompatibility and superconductivity. Graphene, for example, possesses very uncommon electronic structure and a high carrier mobility, with charge carriers of zero mass moving at constant velocity, just like photons. All these characteristics have put carbon and carbon-related nanomaterials in the spotlight of science and technology research. The main challenges for future understanding include i) material growth, ii) fundamental properties, and iii) developing advanced applications.
The reviews in this Cluster Issue of Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics cover carbon nanoparticles and nanotubes, graphene, nano-diamond and films. They address the most current aspects and issues related to their fundamental and outstanding properties, and describe various classes of high-tech applications based on these promising materials. Future prospects, difficulties and challenges are addressed. Important issues include growth, morphology, atomic and electronic structure, transport properties, superconductivity, doping, nanochemistry using hydrogen, chemical and bio-sensors, and bio-imaging, allowing readers to evaluate this very interesting topic and draw perspectives for the future.
Diamond growth by chemical vapour deposition
Authors: Gracio J J , Fan Q H , Madaleno J C 
Published: September 2010

This paper reviews the growth of diamond by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). It includes the following seven parts: (1) Properties of diamond: this part briefly introduces the unique properties of diamond and their origin and lists some of the most common diamond applications. (2) Growth of diamond by CVD: this part reviews the history and the methods of growing CVD diamond. (3) Mechanisms of CVD diamond growth: this part discusses the current understanding on the growth of metastable diamond from the vapour phase. (4) Characterization of CVD diamond: we discuss the two most common techniques, Raman and XRD, which have been intensively employed for characterizing CVD diamond. (5) CVD diamond growth characteristics: this part demonstrates the characteristics of diamond nucleation and growth on various types of substrate materials. (6) Nanocrystalline diamond: in this section, we present an introduction to the growth mechanisms of nanocrystalline diamond and discuss their Raman features.This paper provides necessary information for those who are starting to work in the field of CVD diamond, as well as for those who need a relatively complete picture of the growth of CVD diamond.
GALAXY CLUSTERING TOPOLOGY IN THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY MAIN
GALAXY SAMPLE: A TEST FOR GALAXY FORMATION MODELS
Authors: Choi Yun-Young , Park Changbom , Kim Juhan , Gott J. Richard , Weinberg David H. , Vogeley Michael S. , Kim Sungsoo S. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT
We measure the topology of the main galaxy distribution using the Seventh Data
Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, examining the dependence of galaxy
clustering topology on galaxy properties. The observational results are used to
test galaxy formation models. A volume-limited sample defined by
Mr
< −20.19 enables us to measure the
genus curve with an amplitude of G = 378 at
6 h
−1 Mpc smoothing scale, with 4.8% uncertainty
including all systematics and cosmic variance. The clustering topology over the
smoothing length interval from 6 to 10 h
−1 Mpc
reveals a mild scale dependence for the shift (Δν) and void abundance
(AV
) parameters of the genus curve. We find
substantial bias in the topology of galaxy clustering with respect to the
predicted topology of the matter distribution, which varies with luminosity,
morphology, color, and the smoothing scale of the density field. The
distribution of relatively brighter galaxies shows a greater prevalence of
isolated clusters and more percolated voids. Even though early (late)-type
galaxies show topology similar to that of red (blue) galaxies, the morphology
dependence of topology is not identical to the color dependence. In particular,
the void abundance parameter AV
depends on
morphology more strongly than on color. We test five galaxy assignment schemes
applied to cosmological N-body simulations of a ΛCDM universe
to generate mock galaxies: the halo–galaxy one-to-one correspondence model, the
halo occupation distribution model, and three implementations of semi-analytic
models (SAMs). None of the models reproduces all aspects of the observed
clustering topology; the deviations vary from one model to another but include
statistically significant discrepancies in the abundance of isolated voids or
isolated clusters and the amplitude and overall shift of the genus curve. SAM
predictions of the topology color dependence are usually correct in sign but
incorrect in magnitude. Our topology tests indicate that, in these models, voids
should be emptier and more connected and the threshold for galaxy formation
should be at lower densities.
Nucleus-Independent Control of the Rubisco Operon by the Plastid-Encoded Transcription Factor Ycf30 in the Red Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Authors: Minoda Ayumi , Weber Andreas P.M. , Tanaka Kan , Miyagishima Shin-ya 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Chloroplasts originated from a cyanobacterium, which was engulfed by a primitive eukaryotic host cell. During evolution, chloroplasts have largely lost their autonomy due to the loss of many genes from their own genomes. Consequently, expression of genes encoded in the chloroplast genome is mainly controlled by the factors transferred from the cytosol to chloroplasts. However, chloroplast genomes of glaucophytes and red algae have retained some transcription factors (hypothetical chloroplast open reading frame 27 to 30 [Ycf27–Ycf30]) that are absent from green algae and land plants. Here, we show that the red algal chloroplast up-regulates transcription of the Rubisco operon rbcLS-cbbX via Ycf30 independently of nuclear control. Light-induced transcriptional activation of the Rubisco operon was observed in chloroplasts isolated from the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. The activation was suppressed by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. These results suggest that chloroplast autonomously regulates transcription of the Rubisco operon in response to the activation of photosynthesis driven by the light. Transcriptional activation of the Rubisco operon was specifically repressed by the addition of anti-Ycf30 antibodies. Furthermore, reduced NADP, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, and 3-phosphoglyceric acid triggered the up-regulation of Rubisco transcription in the dark, and the activation was dependent on Ycf30. Thus, red algal chloroplasts have retained a nucleus-independent transcriptional regulation of the Rubisco operon to respond to environmental changes. The autonomous system would have been necessary for the initial fixation of cyanobacterial photosynthesis in the ancient nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic host. It has remained functional in the red algal chloroplast over evolutionary time.
39. On the Larval Anatomy of the Gout‐Fly of Barley (Chlorops teniopus Meig.) and two Related Acalyptrate Muscids, with Notes on their Winter Host‐Plants.
Authors: Frew J. G. H. 
Published: September 2010

Summary.The external and internal anatomy of the mature larva of Chlorops tœniopus are described in detail.The external anatomy of the first and second larval instars is compared with that of the third instar and points of difference noted. The puparium and the egg are also described.The external anatomy of the third larval instar and the puparium of Meromyza nigriventris and of Balioptera combinata are described and compared with the corresponding stages of Chlorops tœnaiopus.The winter host‐plants of the three species are given, together with a list of eleven grasses which have been examined but do not serve as winter hosts for any of the above species.
Clinical application of static fluorescence‐based cytometry, Cellscan, in cutaneous adverse drug reaction
Authors: SALAMEH Fares , KRAVITZ Martine Szyper , BARZILAI Aviv , BAUM Sharon , SHOENFELD Yehuda , SCHIFFENBAUER Yael , TRUBNIYKOV Ela , TRAU Henri 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Cellscan in identifying culprit drugs causing cutaneous adverse drug reaction. It was a prospective study with 3 months follow up conducted at the Departments of Dermatology, Internal Medicine and Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. The study included 36 patients with cutaneous reaction suspected to be secondary to drugs, treated with a total number of 148 drugs. All patients and drugs were classified to three probability groups according to accepted clinical criteria. The effectiveness of the Cellscan test in identifying the culprit drug was addressed according to the clinical probability for cutaneous drug reaction, the drug class and the type of rash. Data analysis according to the clinical probability for cutaneous drug reaction revealed that patients in the moderate and high probability groups had a high test sensitivity of 77.7% and 83.3% with specificity of 71% and 63%, respectively, in identifying the culprit drug. Classifying the data according to drug classes, revealed that for the antibiotic and cardiovascular drug classes the sensitivity of the test was 100% and 92% with specificity of 83.3% and 55.5%, respectively, in identifying the culprit drug. Finally, the classification of patients according to the type of rash revealed a high evaluating accuracy for culprit drugs in maculopapular rashes with sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 60.4%, respectively. The results of this study imply that the Cellscan test is it a good practical tool for identifying the culprit drug in cutaneous adverse drug reaction.
Review article: understanding adherence to medication in ulcerative colitis – innovative thinking and evolving concepts
Authors: Kane S. V. , Robinson A. 
Published: September 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1051–1058SummaryBackground  Non‐adherence to medication is an important challenge in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that non‐adherence affects 40–60% of UC patients, and has a substantial impact on the course of the disease. In one study, non‐adherence was associated with a five‐fold increase in the risk of relapse.Aim  We review factors contributing to non‐adherence to UC therapy, and emerging concepts in addressing the problem.Methods  A search of the published literature on adherence to medication, combined with the authors’ knowledge of the field.Results  Adherence is a complex, multifactorial issue, with factors varying between patients and changing over time. Identifying patients at risk of non‐adherence is a key first step in targeting interventions to improve adherence. However, investigations of single factors that affect adherence have provided conflicting evidence. Evaluating physical and perceptual barriers to adherence, and acknowledging the role of patients’ beliefs and concerns regarding treatment provide valuable insights into the causes of non‐adherence. This allows development of targeted interventions to improve adherence to UC therapy. Clinical tools to identify patients at risk of non‐adherence are being developed to facilitate this approach.Conclusions  To help patients adhere better to maintenance therapy for UC, it is vital to consider patients’ beliefs and concerns, and to evaluate and address both physical and perceptual barriers to adherence.
Clinical trial: oral zinc in hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Takuma Y. , Nouso K. , Makino Y. , Hayashi M. , Takahashi H. 
Published: September 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1080–1090SummaryBackground  Hepatic encephalopathy has a negative effect on patient health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Zinc supplementation has been effective with regard to altered nitrogen metabolism.Aim  To investigate the effectiveness of oral zinc supplementation on hepatic encephalopathy and HRQOL.Methods  Seventy‐nine cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy were randomized to receive 225 mg of polaprezinc in addition to standard therapies of a protein‐restricted diet including branched‐chain amino acid and lactulose, or to continue only standard therapies for 6 months. The change of HRQOL by Short Form‐36, hepatic encephalopathy grade, laboratory parameters, and neuropsychological (NP) tests were compared at baseline and at 6 months. We also evaluated via multivariate analysis whether zinc supplementation and clinical variables correlated with the changes in physical component scale (PCS) and mental component scale (MCS) between the two visits.Results  Zinc supplementation significantly improved the PCS (P = 0.04), but not the MCS (P = 0.95). Zinc supplementation significantly decreased hepatic encephalopathy grade and blood ammonia levels (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01), and improved Child‐Pugh score and NP tests compared with standard therapy (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, zinc supplementation was significantly associated with improvement in PCS (P = 0.03), whereas it was not significantly associated with change in MCS (P = 0.98).Conclusion  Zinc supplementation is effective in hepatic encephalopathy and consequently improves patients HRQOL.
Theoretical considerations in reducing risk for cardiovascular disease: implications for nursing practice
Authors: Gholizadeh Leila , Davidson Patricia , Salamonson Yenna , Worrall‐Carter Linda 
Published: September 2010

Aims and objectives.  This article describes the theoretical foundation of risk perception as a key component of changing deleterious health behaviours associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, perception in increasing cardiovascular risk‐reducing behaviours in a socio‐cultural framework is discussed, and an empirical development conceptual model presented.Background.  Perception of risk is strongly linked with health‐seeking behaviours. Understanding how to reduce risk and maximise cardiovascular health is an increasing focus of clinicians, researchers and policy makers. Increasing cultural diversity in contemporary society means that nurses need to develop and evaluate interventions in this context.Design.  An integrative literature review.Method.  An integrative literature review method was used to assess conceptual models relating to risk perception of developing CVD. On the basis of the findings, a model was developed to inform future intervention studies, considering individual, social and cultural factors.Discussion.  Studies examining CVD and health behaviours report that there is limited concordance between actual and perceived risk in people with CVD. This mismatch risk likely impedes the adoption of risk‐reducing behaviours.Conclusion.  There is a critical need to develop interventions for enhancing an accurate perception of CVD risk considering not only individual but social factors.Relevance to clinical practice.  There is limited correlation between knowledge and behaviours, and health behaviours are influenced by individual, social and cultural factors. Appraising the congruence between actual and perceived risk is an important step in developing effective care plans to reduce cardiovascular risk.
To what extent does the oral shift report stimulate learning among nursing students? A qualitative study*
Authors: Skaalvik Mari W , Normann Hans K , Henriksen Nils 
Published: September 2010

Aim and objective.  The aim of this study was to describe oral shift reporting and to discuss whether it stimulates learning for nursing students in clinical rotations in nursing homes. The goal was to investigate aspects that are important for oral shift report to be instructive for nursing students.Background.  Nursing students’ clinical learning experiences are important components of their professional development. Oral shift reporting serves several purposes and provides an opportunity for professional communication that supports both educational and social functions for nursing students during clinical practice.Design.  A qualitative study.Methods.  The study features both field work with field notes and qualitative research interviews was conducted in 2006. Twelve third‐year nursing students and their supervising nurses (n = 11) participated in the study.Results.  The nursing students described a range of experiences with oral shift reports. Some perceived little educational benefit from the oral shift reports, while others felt that both the form and the content of the oral shift reports were useful. The students’ experiences corroborated the statements provided by the supervising nurses in the nursing homes.Conclusions.  We conclude that oral shift reporting may be an important learning opportunity. This is especially true when nursing students engage in professional discussions with their colleagues and superiors. Our findings suggest solutions to improve the learning value of the oral shift reporting process for nursing students.Relevance to clinical practice.  Oral shift reporting can stimulate learning if it includes consultation and discussion between nursing students and the nursing staff.
Developing a Chinese quality of life in dementia instrument for patients with early‐to‐moderate dementia: an exploratory test of validity
Authors: Chiu Yi‐Chen , Chiu Yen‐Feng , Hsu Wen‐Chuin , Lee Shwu‐Hua , Chen Sien‐Tsong , Kao Hui‐Yi 
Published: September 2010

Aims.  The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese Dementia Quality of Life instrument, which included testing the different pathways through theoretical quality of life domains (self‐esteem, feelings of belonging and sense of aesthetics) to reach outcomes of positive and negative affect.Background.  Perceived quality of life in dementia has been conceptualised based on dementia stages. However, the relationships among quality of life domains are unclear in patients with dementia with a Mini‐Mental State Examination >10.Design.  Cross‐sectional study.Methods.  Older people (n = 110) were consecutively recruited from memory disorder clinics and community wellness centres (controls). Of these participants, 27 were controls, 39 were diagnosed with questionable dementia and 44 with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer’s disease. The instrument was back translated and validated.Results.  The instrument has good overall internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0·84–0·94). Item‐total correlation coefficients, indicating construct validity, were all significant, except for one item. anova showed that controls, patients with questionable dementia and those with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer’s disease differed significantly in scores on Sense of Aesthetics subscale. Instrument total score and scores on three of five subscales (not Feelings of Belonging) differed significantly between control and dementia groups, but not between patients with questionable dementia and those with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Factor analyses showed two inconsistencies with the instrument’s prior conceptualisation, namely the Self‐Esteem and Negative Affect subscales. The Positive Affect path model was supported but not the Negative Affect path model.Conclusions.  This patient‐reported Dementia Quality of Life instrument has acceptable psychometric properties in Taiwanese patients with dementia with a Mini‐Mental State Examination score >10.Relevance to clinical practice.  The Chinese Dementia Quality of Life instrument can be used to assess subjective quality of life in Taiwanese patients with dementia with a Mini‐Mental State Examination score >10.