bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P03-195 - Reasons Associated With Alcohol Use In Young Portuguese Students
Authors: Albuquerque C. , Ferreira A.P. , Pereira A. , Oliveira C.P. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the motivations for the consumption of alcohol by young adults in higher education.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, of a quantitative nature, we have worked with a sample of 354 students (61.60% women), aged between 18 and 35 (M = 20.86 years, Dp = 3.52).ResultsIt was a daily consumption of alcohol in 28.6% of students. The motivations described as being associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages are: because gives you pleasure (25.7%), to be happy (24.0%), for uninhibited (18.7%), to forget the problems of everyday life (13.3%), to relate to others who also drink (7.9%), to calm (7.4%), because they miss family and friends (6.8%), to forget problems / angry with her boyfriend or friends (5.9%).ConclusionsEvidence presented here based guidelines for preventive and health promotion in the university context.
P03-198 - Retrospective Study Of Socio-Demographic And Clinical Characteristics Of New Patients Admitted To An Alcohol Unit Of A General Hospital
Authors: Coentre R. , Ismail F. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesAlcohol is the most widely psychoactive substance consumed in Portugal. The aim of this study is to describe the socio-demographics and clinical characteristics of alcohol abuse and dependence new patients of an Alcohol Unit in a University General Hospital.MethodsWe collected retrospectively data from all admitted patients to our Alcohol Unit between January and October 2009 with alcohol abuse or dependence diagnosis.ResultsFifty three patients were admitted during the period, 40 (75%) males and 13(25%) females. The mean age was 45.4 years (s.d.:10.6; median: 42), range between 24-67 years. Thirteen percent of patients were single, 26% divorced, 4% widowed and 57% married/with partner. Fifty-seven percent were employed, 30% unemployed and 13% retired. Twenty one percent of patients had known cardiovascular disease and 19% percent alcoholic liver cirrhosis. As Psychiatric comorbities 19% percent of patients had depressive disorders, 6% personality disorders and 6% other psychiatric disorders (anxiety and psychotic disorders). Mean AST value was 67.3 IU/L (s.d.:64.3), mean ALT 52.9 IU/L (s.d.:47.9), mean GGT 258.6 IU/L (s.d.:367.6) and mean MCV 92.3 um3 (s.d.:8.3). Forty percent of patients made an acute detoxification (77% as outpatient and 33% as inpatient). Fifty five percent of patients attended our psychotherapy group. Benzodiazepines (96%), antidepressants (25%) and naltrexone (22%) were the most used psychopharmacological treatments.ConclusionsThis study shows that there was predominance of male, married/with partner and employed patients in our sample. Alcohol biomarkers were high on the majority of patients, and there was also a high prevalence of medical diseases.
P03-200 - Rct: Oxcarbazepine In Alcohol Relapse Prevention
Authors: Croissant B. , Diehl A. , Nakovics H. , Heinz A. , Mann K. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesWe have compared oxcarbazepine (OXC) with acamprosate (ACP) in relapse prevention in recently withdrawn alcohol dependent patients. Oxcarbazepine blocks voltage-sensitive sodium channels. Its metabolite reduces high-voltage-activated calcium currents in striatal and cortical neurons, thus reducing glutamatergic transmission at corticostriatal synapses. This reduction is of interest in the treatment of alcohol dependence, since acamprosate modulates NMDA receptors, resulting in an inhibition of glutamatergic transmission. Furthermore, OXC has revealed a mood-stabilizing effect in bipolar affective disorders.MethodsIn a randomized open label pilot study 30 detoxified alcohol dependent patients were followed up for six months to assess treatment outcome in pharmacological relapse prevention. 15 alcoholics were treated with OXC and 15 with ACP. We asked for the time until first and heavy relapse and for drinks on drinking days. We assessed craving (OCDS), the severity of depression (ADS) and the degree of state anxiety (STAI).ResultsAfter withdrawal, time to severe relapse and time to first consumption of any ethanol by OXC patients was not longer than for ACP patients. Abstinent patients in both study groups showed significantly lower OCDS-G than relapsed patients. No undesired effects occurred when OXC patients consumed alcohol.While the current sample size clearly limits further conclusions from this pilot study, it is noteworthy that OXC is well tolerated. Thus, in medication-based relapse prevention, OXC could have the potential of a promising alternative for alcoholic patients unable to benefit from ACP or naltrexone or who suffer from affective lability. OXC certainly merits a larger placebo controlled trial.
P03-207 - Gender Differences In Risks And Pattern Of Drug Dependence In Egypt
Authors: El-Sawy H.E.-D. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo identify possible differences in the ways that women and men are first texposed to drugs, in thier risks of abuse and the pattern of drug dependence.MethodsFour hundreds and fifty seven of drug dependence who attended Outpatient clinic of Neuropsychiatry Department in Tanta University Hospital along the period from june 2006 to june 2009 were classified into two groups according to gender. The two groups (319 males and 138 females) were assessed using DSM IV structured interview and compared together regarding; age, age of starting drug use, duration of abuse, educational level in years, occupation, marital status, first drug used, number of abused drugs, route of use, possible risk factors, causes of asking help, numer of previous treatment trials and comorbid psychiatric disorders.ResultsMales started drug abuse earlier in age than females with longer duration of addiction. Single males are more vunerable to abuse specially in illitrate group. Drug abuse is more common in female students and in male workers. Drugs that are more commonly abused by males are cannabis followed by opiates then alcohol while in females Tramadol ranked first followed by followed by anticholinergics then cannabis. Peer pressure was the most common motivating factor for drug abuse in males contrary to family troubles and sexual abuse in females. Anxiety disorders are more common in females while depressive disorders were common in males.ConclusionGender differences in drug abuse stresses the importance of strategies of treatment, motives for treatment and prevention of drug abuse in females.
P03-211 - Relationship Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Alexithymia With Relapse During 12 Months In Male Alcohol Dependent Inpatients
Authors: Evren C. , Cetin R. , Durkaya M. , Dalbudak E. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveAim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alexithymia with relapse to alcohol use during 12 month follow-up after inpatient treatment in male alcohol dependents. Age at regular alcohol use, severity of alcohol related problems and psychiatric symptoms were controlled while evaluating these relationships.MethodAmong 156 consecutively admitted male alcohol dependents 136 could be reached at the end of 12 months. Patients were investigated with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, the Symptom Check List and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) and with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) at baseline.ResultsAmong 136 alcohol dependent patients 66.2% (n=90) were considered to be relapsed according to telephone interview. Among these 102 were interviewed face to face. Rate of alexithymia and relapse and mean of “difficulty in identifying feelings-DIF” of TAS-20 were higher in PTSD group. Other than these there were no significant relationship between PTSD, alexithymia and relapse. PTSD diagnosis predicted relapse during 12 month follow-up (n=136). When only those who were evaluable to interview face to face included, only DIF predicted relapse (n=102).ConclusionsPTSD and alexithymia (particularly DIF factor) may be related with relapse during 12 month follow-up. This study suggest that rather than the early onset of alcohol use, the severity of alcohol related problems and the general psychiatric symptoms, PTSD and DIF, which may be related, are two factors to focus when relapse prevention programs are planning.
P03-217 - Therapeutic Services For Adolescent Heroin Users In An Outpatient Psychotherapeutic Program
Authors: Koutras V. , Iliopoulou L. , Fidi E. , Komninou K. , Gonta S. , Basogianni V. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesIn the present study we intend to show the effectiveness of therapeutic services provided to adolescent drug users.MethodThe Counseling Center for Combating Drug Abuse offers an outpatient counseling psychotherapeutic program for substance users. For adolescent users the program is adjusted to their needs, which are defined by the substance type, the drug use history, and the adolescent personal, familial, social, and academic level. No medication for withdrawal syndrome or maintenance therapy is administered, while there is psychiatric care in the case of comorbidity. The program's length is individualized, and usually lasts two years. Family is involved in the therapeutic procedure, as it constitutes the basic supportive system for adolescents. Dysfunctional families are helped to resolve their problems. Great emphasis is also given to the peer group. Our goal for the adolescent is to distance himself from friends involved with drug use, to empower the existing relationships with persons who keep off substances, and to be encouraged to make new, healthy relationships.As heroin user usually presents a decline in academic success, or has already stopped school, successful comeback is a critical therapeutic goal.ResultsFrom our data emerges that the effectiveness of therapy depends directly both on the progress in individual level and on the positive changes in the other three levels of intervention (family, friends, school).ConclusionsAn outpatient drug addiction psychotherapeutic program for adolescent users can be effective when it considers user not only as an individual but within his family, school and social environment.
P03-224 - Alcohol And Cognition: A Literature Review
Authors: Osain Welcome M. , Alekseevich Pereverzev V. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionPresently, there is huge body of data, concerning the effect of alcohol use on cognitive functions. Some epidemiological data suggest that low to moderate alcohol dose might have positive effects on cognition. However, others contradict this finding. This paper reviews recent data on the effect of alcohol use (dose-dependent effect) on cognition at varying age limit.MethodsPeer reviewed publications on the effect of alcohol use on cognitive function from Elsevier and Pubmed from the year 1940 to July, 2009 were critically examined.Result/ DiscussionThe benefits of alcohol on cognition lie on the positive effect of moderate alcohol use on the cardiovascular system. The majority of data shows that moderate alcohol use (up to 1-2 drinks/day) is associated with better cognitive functions (by decreasing the rate of dementia and depression), especially in old adults (≥55 years). Although very few data suggest that alcohol use by young adults and middle aged people, these studies did not find significant link between alcohol use and cognition. Consumption of 1-2 drinks (with 2 alcohol free days) might be associated with better cognition, especially among women (≥30 years). Men might be at a higher risk of cognitive functions disorders, even at moderate alcohol use. Diet, smoking, environmental factors are determinants of the effect of moderate alcohol use on cognitive functions.
P03-240 - Psychological, Environmental Or Physical Factors, Which Is The First Cause In Tendency To Addiction?
Authors: Mosavi Amiri S.J. , Homayouni A. 
Published: June 2010

AimThe aim of the research is to test this question what is the first cause of addiction? Psychological, Environmental or Physical causes.Method80 addicted people were randomly selected and Abuse Drug Assessment Inventory (ADAI) was administered on them. Chi Square formula was used to analyze the results.ResultsFindings showed 55 percent of tendency to addiction was psychological. Also more analyzing showed 65 percent of continuing causes of addiction were psychological factors such as fear, anxiety, sorrow.ConclusionIn regard to results we should put more emphasis on psychological prevention and treatment methods so that both tendency to addiction and continuing causes of addiction decrease and control.
P03-244 - Effect Of Methadone Maintenance Therapy On Selective Attention And Drug Related Attention Bias
Authors: Nejati V. 
Published: June 2010

One of the main problems of the drug abusers is drug related attention bias, which causes craving, and as a result drive the drug abusers to take narcotics. Methadone is used as a maintenance treatment for drug abusers.The purpose of this study is evaluation the effect of Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) on selective attention and attention bias related drug.This study investigated drug cue-related attention bias and selective attention on 16 methadone-maintained patients before and 45 days after methadone therapy period. Stroop Color-Word Test and Addiction Stroop Test were used as measurement methods. Dependent T-Test was used for analysis. Results show less reaction time and higher accuracy in Color-Word Stroop Test after MMT and less delay for Addict Related Word in Addiction Stroop Test. It is concluded that methadone can improve selective attention capability and reduce drug related attention bias and it is useful for reducing craving in drug abuser.
P03-247 - The Use Of Benzodiazepines Among Patients Hospitalized In Medical Services
Authors: Ochoa Mangado E. , de la Vega D.C. , Regidor Bonafonte A. , Gómez Soler R. , Martínez de Velasco Soriano R. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesBenzodiazepines are commonly prescribed since the 1960, when they replaced barbiturics. Although there is no doubt about their efficacy in treating anxiety, insomnia or other psychiatric disorders, we should also take into account the fact that these drugs are easily misused.In this work we analyze the intake of benzodiazepines among patients hospitalized due to medical problems.MethodsRetrospective review of clinical histories of patients attended by the Drug Unit of the Psychiatry Service in the last twelve months. Bibliographical review of the theme. Data analyzed using the SPSS software 15.0 version.Results45 patients were subjected to our survey, 41 of them male. 66% were HIV Positive patients, and the most frequent cause of hospitalization was pneumonia (51’1%). Most of the patients attended were drug abusers (see the graphic below). When the benzodiazepines abusers were asked how they obtained them, 40’6% recognized the got them without prescription, 25% said they got them legally, and 34’4 answered that they got them legally but also without prescription. 62’5% of the patients usually took alprazolam.ConclusionsBenzodiazepine abuse, in particular alprazolam, is quiet common among the patients we see.In half of the cases the use of benzodiazepines could have worsen the prognosis of the patients.
P03-251 - Current Findings: Hypoglycemia In Drinkers After 7-10 Days Of Alcohol Use In Doses Of 23 Ml Of Pure Ethanol
Authors: Osain Welcome M. , Alekseevic Pereverzev V. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesModerate alcohol use might be detrimental under certain conditions. We examined the efficiency of maintenance of blood glucose level (BGL) at normal range among non-alcohol and moderate alcohol users under intensive mental activities.MethodsFourth year medical students - male volunteers (5 non-alcohol and 8 moderate alcohol users who had abstained from alcohol for the last 7-10 days before the study) were involved in the study, which took 6 hrs on fasting. AUDIT, texts and questions, tests on visual, auditory short-term memory and attention were used as a measure. BGL was measured at 2hrs interval. Hypoglycemia was defined according to Galan ED et al (Neth J Med 2006; 64 (8): 269-279) as BGL ≤4.5mMole/L. The t-test was employed for statistical analysis.ResultsAlcohol users on the average drank 23ml of pure ethanol/session and 1-2 times/month. Non-alcohol users had increased BGL (4.02 as initial to 5.76mMole/L after 6hrs) in all phases of the experiment (ð< 0.001). Alcohol users had increase in BGL (0.45mMole/L increase, initial - 4.20) within the first two hours and a significant fall in the 4-6 hrs (p< 0.05) up to 3.80mmole/L, and was accompanied by a significant decrease in mental work productivity coefficient.ConclusionAlcohol use even in moderate doses results in hypoglycemia, subsequently leading to low mental work productivity, especially under 4-6 hr intensive mental activities.
P03-254 - Antidepressants In Treatment Of Opiate Post-Detoxication Depressive Syndrome
Authors: Ramah A. , Todorovic M. 
Published: June 2010

Withdrawal syndrome and post-detoxication period in opiate addicts is characterized by different psychopathologic phenomena including the depressive syndrome.The aim was to determine the response of the depressive symptoms in opiate post-detoxication syndrome to antidepressants.Within the sample of 54 heroin addicts detoxified in the period June 2008 to December 2008, 33% were diagnosed as depression requiring treatment with antidepressants.The assessment of depression performed 21 day after the last use of opiate by means of CGI-S scale and the improvement during the treatment by CGI-I scale. Duration of the treatment lasted 4 months on average.The results show reduction in depressive symptoms registered in 83% of patients for at least one point on the CGI-I scale, also patients were kept in the treatment programme approximately 2 mounths longer than average.Opiate post-detoxication syndrome with depressive symptoms indicates antidepressant use and resulted in remission or recovery of symptoms and improves possibilities to keep patients in integrative treatment program
P03-255 - Comparative Analysis Of Criminal Acts Related To Heroine And Alcohol Abuse
Authors: Roganovic M. , Sevaljevic N. , Tomcuk A. , Matkovic N. , Becir K. , Becir R. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThrough years of practice on Substance Abuse Word in Specialized Psychiatric Hospital Kotor in Montenegro, we had an opportunity to work with a significant number of addicts who were sentenced for mandatory treatment in psychiatric hospital. Patients came mainly from group who committed criminal acts either under influence of alcohol or whose actions were determined by heroin addiction.ObjectivesTo analyze the nature of criminal acts between forensic patients with alcohol and heroin abuse problem.AimsTo distinguish characteristics between these two groupsMethodThese two groups were compared according to data collected for each patient individually. Data was based on court sentences, forensic evaluation reports, observation during treatment, psychologist's and psychiatric findings. This data gave a better insight into motives, circumstances, and nature of criminal acts for each patient. In this way, we were able to distinguish common aspects of criminal acts both for group of alcoholics and group of heroin addicts.ResultsOur study has shown that nature of criminal acts among addicts significantly differs regarding type of addiction, in this case alcohol and heroin ones.ConclusionsIn general, criminal acts of alcoholics are more violent in nature, often are related to family violence, and are driven by interpersonal conflicts, which is not a case for majority of heroin addicts. Furthermore, while motive of heroine addicts is mostly to reduce abstinence crisis, we have found that in alcoholics it mostly deals with reckless behavior and acting - out behavior in state of intoxication.
P03-257 - Psychotic Symptoms In Cocaine Injecting Drug Users, Report Of Healthcare Professionals Working In A Medically Supervised Injection Clinic (Msics)
Authors: Roncero C. , Martínez-Luna N. , Gonzalvo B. , Daigre C. , Comin M. , Ballabriga T. , Serra A. , Gómez-Baeza S. , Navarro E. , Sentis V. , Casas M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesDescribe the prevalence and characteristics of psychotic symptoms in the context of cocaine injection use in a harm reduction program.To find associations between intravenous cocaine use and other drug use in cocaine dependent patients suffering from cocaine induced psychosis (CIP). Cannabis was found to be a risk factor for developing CIP in non-intravenous cocaine dependence.MethodsDuring a period of 6 months professionals from our Outpatient Drug Clinic completed a confidential questionnaire to describe the adverse clinical effects following cocaine injection. It included age, gender, ethnic group, daily consumption rate and other drugs used in the last 30 days.ResultsSurvey was achieved with a sample of 75 Caucasians patients, 69 men and 6 women with an average age of 32 years old. Seventeen percent (13/75) had psychotic symptoms, of which 84% (11/13) had hallucinations (visuals 4/11, auditive 7/11 and kinaesthetic 2/11), 15% (2/13) illusions.Eighteen percent (14/75) had stereotypy movements and 3% (2/75) had aggressive behaviour. Drugs used by CIP patients, the previous 30 days were: 61% (8/13) cannabis, 31% (4/13) opiates and 15% (2/13) alcohol.ConclusionsIntravenous cocaine use produced acute psychotic symptoms in 17% of our patients, of which 61% used cannabis. Despite the ethical and practical implications of this type of study, it is necessary to do more observational studies with bigger surveys to conclude these results with statistically significance.
P03-259 - Psychopathological Aspects Of Opioid Addiction
Authors: Sivolap Y. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveInvestigation of mental disorders in 377 patients who met ICD-10 criteria for opioid dependence.MethodsClinical observation and psychological examination.ResultsIt was shown that mental disorders of opioid addicts consist of three types of psychopathological categories: pro-addictive phenomena (personality features and co-morbid disorders predisposing to drug abuse), meta-addictive disorders (psychopathological states gained due to drug abuse) and addictive disorders proper (craving and drug-seeking behavior). Anxiety and other neurotic symptoms are predominant types of mental disorders in opioid addicts. The core disorder of neurosis spectrum disturbances is fear of abstinence or withdrawal phobia. Withdrawal phobia determines largely negative reinforcement of drug. This phenomenon results in anticipating intake of drug and augmentation of daily drug dose. Opioid abuse leads to addictive personality deformation which including such features as constant and hypertrophied demand for positive emotional states, intolerance to frustration and other discomfort, low threshold of stress susceptibility and increased stress vulnerability, permanent urge to modulate the psychic and physical condition by dint of drug use, marked egocentricity and motivational collapse. Distorted motivational hierarchy can be illustrated by phenomenon of attractive taxis: opioid addicts show preference for the activities which lead to afford pleasure only. “Illegal exploitation” of reward system by means of drug abuse results in crucial extinction of non-rewarding routine activities (such as work or studies).ConclusionIt appears that a stability of neurotic spectrum disorders and addictive personality deformation is the principal reason of low efficiency of opioid dependence treatment.