bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational rephotography
Authors: Bae Soonmin , Agarwala Aseem , Durand Frédo 
Published: June 2010

Rephotographers aim to recapture an existing photograph from the same viewpoint. A historical photograph paired with a well-aligned modern rephotograph can serve as a remarkable visualization of the passage of time. However, the task of rephotography is tedious and often imprecise, because reproducing the viewpoint of the original photograph is challenging. The rephotographer must disambiguate between the six degrees of freedom of 3D translation and rotation, and the confounding similarity between the effects of camera zoom and dolly.
We present a real-time estimation and visualization technique for rephotography that helps users reach a desired viewpoint during capture. The input to our technique is a reference image taken from the desired viewpoint. The user moves through the scene with a camera and follows our visualization to reach the desired viewpoint. We employ computer vision techniques to compute the relative viewpoint difference. We guide 3D movement using two 2D arrows. We demonstrate the success of our technique by rephotographing historical images and conducting user studies.
Cell-Permeable Peptide DEPDC1-ZNF224 Interferes with Transcriptional Repression and Oncogenicity in Bladder Cancer Cells
Authors: Harada Yosuke , Kanehira Mitsugu , Fujisawa Yoshiko , Takata Ryo , Shuin Taro , Miki Tsuneharu , Fujioka Tomoaki , Nakamura Yusuke , Katagiri Toyomasa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBladder cancer is the second most common genitourinary cancer worldwide, yet its oncogenic origins remain poorly understood. The cancer-testis antigen DEPDC1 was shown recently to contribute to bladder cancer oncogenesis. In this study, we examined the biological functions of DEPDC1 and defined a potential therapeutic strategy to target this molecule. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry revealed that DEPDC1 interacted and colocalized with zinc finger transcription factor ZNF224, a known transcriptional repressor. Inhibiting this interaction with a cell-permeable peptide corresponding to the ZNF224-interacting domain in DEPDC1 induced apoptosis of bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. By inhibiting DEPDC1-ZNF224 complex formation, this peptide triggered transcriptional activation of A20, a potent inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that the DEPDC1-ZNF224 complex is likely to play a critical role in bladder carcinogenesis. Cancer Res; 70(14); 5829–39. ©2010 AACR.
Epigenetic Regulation of Vitamin D 24-Hydroxylase/CYP24A1 in Human Prostate Cancer
Authors: Luo Wei , Karpf Adam R. , Deeb Kristin K. , Muindi Josephia R. , Morrison Carl D. , Johnson Candace S. , Trump Donald L. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Calcitriol, a regulator of calcium homeostasis with antitumor properties, is degraded by the product of the CYP24A1 gene, which is downregulated in human prostate cancer by unknown mechanisms. We found that CYP24A1 expression is inversely correlated with promoter DNA methylation in prostate cancer cell lines. Treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC) activates CYP24A1 expression in prostate cancer cells. In vitro methylation of the CYP24A1 promoter represses its promoter activity. Furthermore, inhibition of histone deacetylases by trichostatin A (TSA) enhances the expression of CYP24A1 in prostate cancer cells. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR (ChIP-qPCR) reveals that specific histone modifications are associated with the CYP24A1 promoter region. Treatment with TSA increases H3K9ac and H3K4me2 and simultaneously decreases H3K9me2 at the CYP24A1 promoter. ChIP-qPCR assay reveals that treatment with DAC and TSA increases the recruitment of vitamin D receptor to the CYP24A1 promoter. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis of paired human prostate samples revealed that CYP24A1 expression is downregulated in prostate malignant lesions compared with adjacent histologically benign lesions. Bisulfite pyrosequencing shows that CYP24A1 gene is hypermethylated in malignant lesions compared with matched benign lesions. Our findings indicate that repression of CYP24A1 gene expression in human prostate cancer cells is mediated in part by promoter DNA methylation and repressive histone modifications. Cancer Res; 70(14); 5953–62. ©2010 AACR.
NF1 Inactivation Revs Up Ras in Adult Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Mullally Ann , Ebert Benjamin L. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Mutations in the Ras pathway are common in myeloid malignancies. NF1, a tumor suppressor and negative regulator of Ras, is inactivated in a subset of adult acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cases. Loss of NF1 function sensitizes cells to inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a downstream effector of Ras activation, highlighting a potential therapeutic opportunity for some AML patients. Clin Cancer Res; 16(16); 4074–6. ©2010 AACR.
Long-term Stability of Demethylation after Transient Exposure to 5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine Correlates with Sustained RNA Polymerase II Occupancy
Authors: Kagey Jacob D. , Kapoor-Vazirani Priya , McCabe Michael T. , Powell Doris R. , Vertino Paula M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
DNA methyltransferase inhibitors are currently the standard of care for myelodysplastic syndrome and are in clinical trials for leukemias and solid tumors. However, the molecular basis underlying their activity remains poorly understood. Here, we studied the induction and long-term stability of gene reactivation at three methylated tumor suppressor loci in response to the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-azaCdR) in human breast cancer cells. At the TMS1/ASC locus, treatment with 5-azaCdR resulted in partial DNA demethylation, the reengagement of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), and a shift from a repressive chromatin profile marked with H3K9me2 and H4K20me3 to an active profile enriched in H3ac and H3K4me2. Using a single-molecule approach coupling chromatin immunoprecipitation with bisulfite sequencing, we show that H3ac, H3K4me2, and Pol II selectively associated with the demethylated alleles, whereas H3K9me2 preferentially marked alleles resistant to demethylation. H4K20me3 was unaffected by DNA demethylation and associated with both unmethylated and methylated alleles. After drug removal, TMS1 underwent partial remethylation, yet a subset of alleles remained stably demethylated for over 3 months. These alleles remained selectively associated with H3K4me2, H3ac, and Pol II and correlated with a sustained low level of gene expression. TMS1 alleles reacquired H3K9me2 over time, and those alleles that became remethylated retained H3ac. In contrast, CDH1 and ESR1 were remethylated and completely silenced within ∼1 week of drug removal, and failed to maintain stably unmethylated alleles. Our data suggest that the ability to maintain Pol II occupancy is a critical factor in the long-term stability of drug-induced CpG island demethylation. Mol Cancer Res; 8(7); 1048–59. ©2010 AACR.
The Convective Instability Pathway to Warm Season Drought in Texas. Part I: The Role of Convective Inhibition and Its Modulation by Soil Moisture
Authors: Myoung Boksoon , Nielsen-Gammon John W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis research is designed to investigate how convective instability influences monthly mean precipitation in Texas in the summertime and to examine the modulation of convective instability and precipitation by local and regional forcings. Since drought results from the accumulated effects of deficient precipitation over time, this study is expected to shed light on the physical and dynamical mechanisms of the initiation and maintenance of serious droughts as well. The focus in Part I of this two-part study is on identification of the controlling convective parameters and, in turn, the surface-based processes that cause variations in these parameters. NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data and observed precipitation data, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and back-trajectory analysis are used to reveal the underlying dynamics of their linkage and causality.Monthly mean precipitation is modified mainly by convective inhibition (CIN) rather than by convective available potential energy (CAPE) or by precipitable water. Excessive CIN is caused by surface dryness and warming at 700 hPa, leading to precipitation deficits on a monthly time scale. While the dewpoint temperature and thermodynamics at the surface are greatly affected by the soil moisture, the temperature at 700 hPa was found to be statistically independent of the surface dewpoint temperature since the 700-hPa temperature represents free-atmospheric processes. (These free-atmospheric processes are the focus of the companion paper.) Finally, the strong correlations among precipitation, soil moisture, and CIN, as well as their underlying physical processes, suggest that the tight linkage between precipitation and soil moisture is not only due to the impacts of precipitation on soil moisture but also to the feedbacks of soil moisture on precipitation by controlling CIN.
Fifty-Year Trends in Global Ocean Salinities and Their Relationship to Broad-Scale Warming
Authors: Durack Paul J. , Wijffels Susan E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUsing over 1.6 million profiles of salinity, potential temperature, and neutral density from historical archives and the international Argo Program, this study develops the three-dimensional field of multidecadal linear change for ocean-state properties. The period of analysis extends from 1950 to 2008, taking care to minimize the aliasing associated with the seasonal and major global El Niño–Southern Oscillation modes. Large, robust, and spatially coherent multidecadal linear trends in salinity to 2000-dbar depth are found. Salinity increases at the sea surface are found in evaporation-dominated regions and freshening in precipitation-dominated regions, with the spatial pattern of change strongly resembling that of the mean salinity field, consistent with an amplification of the global hydrological cycle. Subsurface salinity changes on pressure surfaces are attributable to both isopycnal heave and real water-mass modification of the temperature–salinity relationship. Subduction and circulation by the ocean’s mean flow of surface salinity and temperature anomalies appear to account for most regional subsurface salinity changes on isopycnals. Broad-scale surface warming and the associated poleward migration of isopycnal outcrops drive a clear and repeating pattern of subsurface isopycnal salinity change in each independent ocean basin. Qualitatively, the observed global multidecadal salinity changes are thus consonant with both broad-scale surface warming and the amplification of the global hydrological cycle.
The effect of the building population and the number of floors on the vertical transportation design of low and medium rise buildings
Authors: Al-Sharif Lutfi , Seeley Christopher 
Published: June 2010

The design of vertical transportation systems for buildings involves the selection of the number, speed and capacity of the lifts required. It also involves the selection of the most appropriate configuration in terms of zoning, group control algorithm and the use or otherwise of double deckers. Interval is the classical performance criterion for vertical transportation design, while modern passenger centric performance criteria are now based on passenger waiting time and travelling time. Both types of performance parameters are used in this work. This work identifies the two most influential demand factors that affect the design output for vertical transportation systems in low and medium rise buildings. These are the total building population and the number of floors served above the main terminal. These are then used to develop general guidelines to find the most optimum configuration for every pair of such parameters. This is then transformed into the form of a 2D chart that can visually aid the designer into using the best configuration for a building. Practical applications: The importance of this article arises from the fact that it justifies the widely held view that single deck lifts in one group are limited to 20 floors and that the direct travel from ground approach is limited to around 60 floors (after which sky lobbies are needed). It shows that the two most important parameters that affect the design of a vertical transportation system are the total building population and the number of floors above the lobby. The two dimensional chart included within the article as Figure 3 allows the system designer to immediately assess the most suitable vertical transportation zoning arrangement for the building, the preferred number of zones and the preference for using single decker or double decker lifts.
Phototherapy for allergic rhinitis: a prospective, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Cingi Cemal , Cakli Hamdi , Yaz Aytekin , Songu Murat , Bal Cengiz 
Published: June 2010

Background: Phototherapy has a profound immunosuppressive effect, and phototherapeutic methods using both ultraviolet (UV) and visible light are therefore widely used for the therapy of various inflammatory skin diseases. It is also proposed that phototherapy, using a combination of UV-A (25%), UV-B (5%) and visible light (70%), may represent a therapeutic alternative in patients with allergic rhinitis. Method: Seventy-nine patients were randomly assigned to receive either a combination of UV-A (25%), UV-B (5%) and visible light (70%), in the phototherapy group, or low-intensity visible light, in the control group. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by means of total nasal symptom score before treatment and 1 month after the end of treatment. Results: Total nasal scores decreased in both groups but the decrease was highly significant in the active treatment group when compared with the placebo (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that phototherapy may be an effective modality in the treatment of allergic rhinitis especially in cases of which commonly used drugs either are contraindicated and/or have insufficient efficacy.
Nanoparticle-induced vascular blockade in human prostate cancer
Authors: Agemy Lilach , Sugahara Kazuki N. , Kotamraju Venkata Ramana , Gujraty Kunal , Girard Olivier M. , Kono Yuko , Mattrey Robert F. , Park Ji-Ho , Sailor Michael J. , Jimenez Ana I. , Cativiela Carlos , Zanuy David , Sayago Francisco J. , Aleman Carlos , Nussinov Ruth , Ruoslahti Erkki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe tumor-homing pentapeptide CREKA (Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala) specifically homes to tumors by binding to fibrin and fibrin-associated clotted plasma proteins in tumor vessels. Previous results show that CREKA-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide particles can cause additional clotting in tumor vessels, which creates more binding sites for the peptide. We have used this self-amplifying homing system to develop theranostic nanoparticles that simultaneously serve as an imaging agent and inhibit tumor growth by obstructing tumor circulation through blood clotting. The CREKA nanoparticles were combined with nanoparticles coated with another tumor-homing peptide, CRKDKC, and nanoparticles with an elongated shape (nanoworms) were used for improved binding efficacy. The efficacy of the CREKA peptide was then increased by replacing some residues with nonproteinogenic counterparts, which increased the stability of the peptide in the circulation. Treatment of mice bearing orthotopic human prostate cancer tumors with the targeted nanoworms caused extensive clotting in tumor vessels, whereas no clotting was observed in the vessels of normal tissues. Optical and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed tumor-specific targeting of the nanoworms, and ultrasound imaging showed reduced blood flow in tumor vessels. Treatment of mice with prostate cancer with multiple doses of the nanoworms induced tumor necrosis and a highly significant reduction in tumor growth.
Nuclear localization of orphan receptor protein kinase (Ror1) is mediated through the juxtamembrane domain
Authors: Tseng Hsiao-Chun , Lyu Ping-Chiang , Lin Wen-chang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundSeveral receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as EGFR, FGFR, TRK, and VEGFR are capable of localizing in the cell nucleus in addition to their usual plasma membrane localization. Recent reports also demonstrate that nuclear-localized RTKs have important cellular functions such as transcriptional activation. On the basis of preliminary bioinformatic analysis, additional RTKs, including receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (Ror1) were predicted to have the potential for nuclear subcellular localization. Ror1 is a receptor protein tyrosine kinase that modulates neurite growth in the central nervous system. Because the nuclear localization capability of the Ror1 cytoplasmic domain has not been reported, we examined the cellular expression distribution of this region.ResultsThe Ror1 cytoplasmic region was amplified and cloned into reporter constructs with fluorescent tags. Following transfection, the nuclear distribution patterns of transiently expressed fusion proteins were observed. Serial deletion constructs were then used to map the juxtamembrane domain of Ror1 (aa_471-513) for this nuclear translocation activity. Further site-directed mutagenesis suggested that a KxxK-16 aa-KxxK sequence at residues 486-509 is responsible for the nuclear translocation interaction. Subsequent immunofluorescence analysis by cotransfection of Ran and Ror1 implied that the nuclear translocation event of Ror1 might be mediated through the Ran pathway.ConclusionsWe have predicted several RTKs that contain the nuclear localization signals. This is the first report to suggest that the juxtamembrane domain of the Ror1 cytoplasmic region mediates the translocation event. Ran GTPase is also implicated in this event. Our study might be beneficial in future research to understand the Ror1 biological signaling pathway.
Pituitary hCG production and cerebral tuberculosis mimicking disease progression during chemotherapy for an advanced ovarian germ cell tumour
Authors: Rakha Serena , Bayliss Clare , Sanderson Frances , Smith Richard , Seckl Michael , Savage Philip 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Ovarian germ cell tumours (OGCT) are rare but are usually curable with chemotherapy, even when presenting with advanced disease. The majority of OGCT produce the tumour markers, hCG and/or AFP which can be helpful in the diagnosis and monitoring the response to treatment.

Case Presentation
In this case of a 36 year old woman, the elevated hCG level at presentation was helpful in making a clinical diagnosis of OGCT in a patient too unwell to permit a tissue diagnosis.
Cisplatin based combination chemotherapy produced an initial normalisation of the hCG level, but later in treatment the patient developed new cerebral lesions and a rising serum hCG suggestive of disease progression.
Further investigations suggested that the CNS lesions were cerebral TB and that the low levels of hCG elevations was likely to be pituitary in origin. Chemotherapy treatment was continued along with anti-tuberculous therapy and 24 months after successful completion of therapy the patient remains disease free.

Conclusions
In the treatment of cancer patients it may be helpful to consider the potential non-malignant causes of new CNS lesions and that low hCG elevations may result from physiology rather than pathology in selected cases.
Effect of taurine supplementation on hyperhomocysteinemia and markers of oxidative stress in high fructose diet induced insulin resistance
Authors: El Mesallamy Hala O , El-Demerdash Ebtehal , Hammad Lamiaa N , El Magdoub Hekmat M 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundHigh intake of dietary fructose is accused of being responsible for the development of the insulin resistance (IR) syndrome. Concern has arisen because of the realization that fructose, at elevated concentrations, can promote metabolic changes that are potentially deleterious. Among these changes is IR which manifests as a decreased biological response to normal levels of plasma insulin.MethodsOral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were carried out, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA) was calculated, homocysteine (Hcy), lipid concentrations and markers of oxidative stress were measured in maleWistarrats weighing 170-190 g. The rats were divided into four groups, kept on either control diet or high fructose diet (HFD), and simultaneously supplemented with 300 mg/kg/day taurine via intra-peritoneal (i.p.) route for 35 days.ResultsFructose-fed rats showed significantly impaired glucose tolerance, impaired insulin sensitivity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), lower total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lower paraoxonase (PON) activity, and higher nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) concentration, when compared to rats fed on control diet. Supplementing the fructose-fed rats with taurine has ameliorated the rise in HOMA by 56%, triglycerides (TGs) by 22.5%, total cholesterol (T-Chol) by 11%, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 21.4%. Taurine also abolished any significant difference of TAC, PON activity and NOx concentration among treated and control groups. TAC positively correlated with PON in both rats fed on the HFD and those received taurine in addition to the HFD. Fructose-fed rats showed 34.7% increase in Hcy level. Taurine administration failed to prevent the observed HHcy in the current dosage and duration.ConclusionOur results indicate that HFD could induce IR which could further result in metabolic syndrome (MS), and that taurine has a protective role against the metabolic abnormalities induced by this diet model except for HHcy.
Insights into schizophrenia using positron emission tomography: building the evidence and refining the focus
Authors: Vyas Nora S. , Patel Neva H. , Nijran Kuldip S. , Al-Nahhas Adil , Puri Basant K. 
Published: June 2010

SummarySchizophrenia involves dysregulation in dopaminergic transmission. Studies show heightened presynaptic striatal dopaminergic function and elevated striatal D2/D3 receptor density in the brain. Cognitive impairments result from hypostimulation of D1 receptors and are associated with dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex. Here we discuss relevant positron emissions tomography (PET) studies and provide future directions.
The Mental Capacity Act 2005: review of mental capacity assessment in people with proximal femoral fracture
Authors: Guyver P. , Hindle P. , Harrison J. , Jain N. , Brinsden M. 
Published: June 2010

Aims and methodTo ascertain whether patients with proximal femoral fractures were being correctly assessed in line with the Mental Capacity Act 2005. Fifty people admitted with proximal femoral fractures were audited to assess whether they had given consent to treatment in accordance with the Act. A Mental Capacity Act 2005 guidance and assessment form was then introduced accompanied by staff training. A re-audit was undertaken to assess the impact.ResultsThe initial audit showed that only one person (2%) had been properly assessed. The re-audit demonstrated that the use of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 assessment form ensured correct assessment.Clinical implicationsOur findings suggest the form is a useful tool in the documentation and assessment of an individual's capacity under the Mental Capacity Act.