bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lake Tahoe preservation compact
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Lake Tahoe, the largest high‐mountain lake in North America, third deepest lake in North America, and one of the clearest lakes in the world, could be in downtown Los Angeles, judging from the air quality around the 1900‐meter‐high lake. Recently, California and Nevada agreed to a compact that should assure preservation of the lake, a resource that geologists regard as a primoridally pure alpine lake. The 25,000‐year‐old lake covers 500 km2 with water so clear that objects can be seen at a depth of 30 meters or more.In announcing the bistate compact the President's Council on Environmental Quality noted, ‘Lake Tahoe is a unique and priceless scenic resource. It is an environmentally sensitive area, and without proper land use control there will be substantial erosion of sediments into the lake, fouling the air, and destruction of sensitive ecosystems.’
More about publication methods...
Authors: Lister C. R. B. 
Published: October 2011

F. T. Manheim (E0S, 59(9), 834,1978) has presented some pleasantly glib arguments as to why my proposed scheme for reducing publication costs would not work. He has also raised some interesting points about the psychology of scientists and administrators. However, before discussing these I would like to clear up some apparent misunderstanding about my system that may have arisen through my letter's not being originally intended for publication.I believe that all worthwhile scientific publications should be reviewed, set in type, and proofread. I am continually distressed by the ugliness of the reduced typewriter script that appears in Geophysical Research Letters and even defaces the Journal of Geophysical Research from time to time. Everyone should want to see their work elegantly printed and archived safely in libraries all over the world. All I am advocating is the use of modern technology to reduce the costs of publication and dissemination and reduce the useless clutter in my, and everyone else's, office. I get only a few journals and rarely consult them once they are on the shelf: the papers I am likely to refer to are stored in microfiche reprint form, accessibly on my desk. Present technology of photo‐offset printing makes it easy to turn microfiche into high‐quality hard copy at any time and more easily into electrostatic‐style hard copy than material bound into a book. The author's desire for heavyweight reprint stacks, to be weighted by promotion committees, can be readily fulfilled, either at publication time by the printer or subsequently at his own institution. Libraries would obviously receive the whole journal in either microfiche or microfilm form and could readily produce hard copy to place on their shelves at any time, such as when volumes are lost. The principal difference is simply that the waste of wood pulp and transportation energy involved in the present methods of publishing and distribution would cease, and the savings could be passed on to the authors in the form of lower advertising fees (page charges).
NSF Budget Tops $1 Billion
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

President Carter's fiscal year (FY) 1980 budget request for the National Science Foundation (NSF) is $1,006,000,000, an increase of 8.4% over 1979 program levels. The accompanying table summarizes the portions of the NSF budget most likely to be of interest to those in geophysics.The decrease seen in astronomy reflects the fact that the Very Large Array (VLA) telescope is nearing completion and will require $5.1 million less in 1980 than in 1979. No start is planned for FY 1980 for another major instrument; thus funds for astronomy project support will still be significantly up.
Uncharted salt water rivers in Peru
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Geochemical studies of the Amazon River have turned up salt water rivers that wind their way through a weird region of salt ‘pinnacles’ in a remote area of Peru. John M. Edmond, winner of one of the 17th series of James B. Macelwane Awards given by the AGU in recognition of significant contributions by young scientists, said that although the Indians know of the salt rivers, there is no mention of the streams in the English language scientific literature of the region. The rivers, so salty that neither the animals nor the Indians who live near their banks drink the water, a retributaries of the Amazon, which empties into the Atlantic Ocean about 3000 miles to the east.The Amazon carries 18% of all run off into the world's oceans and 40% of that flowing into the Atlantic. Thus, the sources and mineralogy of the suspended materials in the rive rare important.
NOAA university affairs
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Earl G. Droessler of North Carolina State University has been designated as Director of University Affairs for NOAA. Droessler is currently Professor of Geosciences and Vice Provost and Dean for Research at the university.The Director of University Affairs is the key administrative officer to carry out a major new plan, recently announced by the NOAA Administrator, for enhancing NOAA's relations with academic and research institutions. More reliance on the resources available in these institutions will enable NOAA to use its increasingly limited personnel resources more effectively.
Spring Meeting
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The 1979 Spring Meeting of the AGU (May 28–June 1) will have an exciting array of all‐Union sessions. Louis Pakiser of the U.S. Geological Survey will present a lunchtime talk on the history of geophysical research at USGS. This talk helps mark the 100th anniversary of the founding of the USGS in March 1879.The 10th anniversary of the first return to earth of lunar samples will be marked by a series of review talks on the results of an intensive decade of research on these samples. These talks will place this work in the context of a contemporary understanding of the earth and solar system.
Awards by the AMS
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The American Meteorological Society's (AMS) Carl‐Gustaf Ross by Research Medal, the society's highest honor, has been awarded to Herbert Riehl for his outstanding analyses of tropical phenomena, ranging from studies of individual clouds, tropical depressions, and hurricanes to the trade wind inversion and the Hadley circulation.The Second Half Century Award, the society's second highest honor, has been given to J . Murray Mitchell, Jr., for his broad fundamental contributions to the study of climate and climate change, ranging in scope from ice ages to the effects of urbanization.
TV science series
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Carl Sagan has announced that he will be writing and hosting a 13‐part television series devoted to astronomy and space exploration. The series, called ‘Cosmos,’ is to be filmed at more than 40 locations around the world this year and will be seen on American public television and throughout the world in 1980.Cosmos will roam from Hindu cosmology through many areas, including cosmic catastrophes, Martian canals, the evolution of life, continental drift, sailing‐ship voyages of exploration, contact with other civilizations in space, the future of the earth, and the deepest questions concerning the origin and fate of the universe.
Page charges
Authors: Spilhaus A. F. 
Published: October 2011

Some authors cannot or will not submitto journals that assess page charges. Even if funds are available, page charges divert monies from research. If page charges can harm the quality of the journal by discouraging submission of good papers, and if they limit the amount of research possible, why do page charges exist? More importantly, why are page charges an integral part of the income strategy for AGU publications?Page charges help keep subscription rates down; in particular, they permit the circulation of large amounts of material to individuals at very low rates. Additionally, page charges reduce to some extent the dependence of the number of pages published on the subscription revenues. Furthermore, page charges will provide a financial base for experimentation with and adaptation to future information dissemination technologies.
Lab sensors applied to volcanic eruption prediction tests
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The theory is that local hydrogen gas concentrations at volcanoes should change significantly and detectably before an eruption. To test the concept, a pair of sensitive hydrogen gas probes was placed at the Icelandic volcano, Krafla, where intermittent activity in recent years has produced eruptions and earthquakes. Data will be transmitted for continuous analysis by Motoaki Sato and his colleagues who developed the probes (see Figure 1).The Krafla volcano is almost ideally suited for this test study. Similar to Hawaiian volcanoes in its history of ground deformation with inflation or swelling before and deflation occurring after eruption, Krafla may serve as a model for future applications. Robert Tilling, chief of the U.S. Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program, stated enthusiastically, ‘If the tests are successful, the hydrogen probe could become an important tool in predicting volcanic eruptions around the world.’
NASA administration changes
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Noel W. Hinners, the NASA Associate Administrator for Space Science, has accepted appointment as Director of the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum, effective in April.Hinners joined NASA in 1972 as the Deputy Director and Chief Scientist, Apollo Lunar Exploration, Office of Manned Space Flight. He was named to his current position June 26,1974. He was awarded NASA's highest honors, the Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal in 1971, and the Distinguished Service Medal in 1977.
U.S. earthquake station catalog
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The first comprehensive modern catalog of the nearly 1500 seismograph stations in the United States has been published by the National Earthquake Information Service of the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior.The new 389‐page USGS report presents useful information about U.S. seismograph stations, such as who runs them, where they are, and what instruments each uses. In addition to stations located in the 50 states, information current to June 1977 is also presented on U.S. trust territories, Panama, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
May Council Meeting
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Council met at AGU headquarters on May 27, 1979. Twenty of the twenty‐six Council members were present. As usual, the meeting was open to general members, and about twenty attended. This report gives highlights of the most important actions of the Council; a copy of the minutes of the meeting is available to any interested member on request.The Council urged the United States National Committee for the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) to invite IUGG to hold its 1983 or 1987 assembly in the U.S. and offered to organize the meeting on their behalf. The last IUGG General Assembly in North America was held in Berkeley, California in 1963. This action involves a substantial staff commitment but the Council contemplates covering these and all other costs through grants and registration fees.
Central Illinois Weather and Rainfall Study
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Central Illinois will be a laboratory this summer for four major studies of weather and rainfall.Stanley A. Changnon, Jr., of the Illinois State Water Survey at the University of Illinois said that facilities of the survey and university are bringing together scientists from New York, Virginia, Florida, Wisconsin, Illinois, Colorado, Washington, and California. The scientists will study what happens when winds converge over the flatlands of Illinois.
New exploratory drilling
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A permit to conduct direct exploratory drilling on a lease off the southern United States on the outer continental shelf (OCS) has been approved by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior.The exploratory well, to be drilled by Tenneco Oil Company, marks the first such drilling on leases in this area of the OCS, although other companies (Getty, Transco, and Exxon) have submitted plans to the USGS to drill on leases there.
Geophysical Atlas published by NASA
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A Geophysical Atlas for Interpretation of Satellite‐Derived Data, edited by P.D. Lowman, Jr., and H.V. Frey (NASA Technical Memorandum 79722), has recently been made available in a preliminary version, published in reduced size. A version in folio size will be available shortly.The atlas contains the first compilation of satellite‐derived plots of gravity and plots of magnetic anomalies measured by Pogo (Polar Orbiting Geophysical Observatory). There are, in addition, global seismicity maps, a recent volcano activity map, tectonic boundary maps, global tectonic and volcanic activity maps, and a set of seismic P wave velocity anomaly maps that can be used for interpretation of the gravity maps.
Contract to analyze cloud systems
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Bureau of Reclamation has awarded a $1.1 million contract to Colorado State University (CSU) to analyze cloud systems by satellite in support of weather modification research, Secretary of Interior Cecil Andrus announced recently. ‘The use of satellite imagery holds great promise in helping us understand the processes that produce water from the atmosphere,’ Secretary Andrus said.The 5‐year study will support two Bureau of Reclamation research projects: the High Plains Cooperative Program (Hiplex) in growing season rainfall management and the Sierra Cooperative Pilot Project in winter snowfall enhancement.
Earth Science, Mapping Exhibit at National Archives
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

An exhibit reflecting the history of exploration and mapping of the United States from the early surveys of he western frontier to examples of modern space age mapping will be on public display from June 20 to October 15,1979, in the National Archives building, Pennsylvania Avenue and Eighth Street, N. W., Washington, D.C.The exhibit, consisting of panels, photographs, original documents, paintings, and maps, is a cooperative effort by the National Archives and the U.S. Geological Survey in recognition of the Survey's centennial year.
Final environmental impact statement on southern Utah coal
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A final statement assessing the broad regional environmental impacts of proposed and possible mining of federal coal and of related coal development activities and projects in southern Utah has been released by the U.S. Geological Survey.The statement also describes local environmental impacts from the operating of seven proposed underground mines and one proposed strip mine on federal lands and the cumulative impact of the Allen‐Warner Valley Energy System, a 2500‐megawatt electric power generation project.
Southern California “bulge” still a geological puzzle
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Three years after its discovery and completion of a massive measurement project, the huge land uplift, or ‘bulge,’ astride a section of California's San Andreas fault continues to present a geological puzzle, according to scientists of the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior.The bulge extends from near Point Arguello eastward to the Arizona border, a distance of about 360 miles, and is about 90 miles wide between Bakersfield and Los Angeles (see Figure 1). Thus the total uplift area is about 32,400 square miles. The center of the uplift is in the western part of the Mojave Desert about 40 miles north of Los Angeles. The bulge has undergone unexplained episodes of uplift and collapse, some portions having risen as high as 18 inches.
Applications of Geodesy to Geodynamics: 5. Vertical Crustal Movements (Terrestrial Techniques)
Authors: Vanicek P. 
Published: October 2011

Five terrestrial techniques, i.e., sea level variations, repeated gravity surveys, tilt variations, repeated airborne terrain profiling, and repeated levelings appear to have sufficient accuracy to give useful information for detection of crustal movements of the order of a few centimeters. They are either being used already or have a clear potential of becoming useful, which cannot now be said of other available techniques, such as trigonometric heighting, barometric heighting, or photogrammetry.The techniques generally adopted for analyzing the complex ocean signal are numerical filtering and regression analysis. The aim of such an analysis is to eliminate those components of the signal which can be interpreted as caused by tides, barometric pressure changes, wind stress, steric topography, and other phenomena associated with marine dynamics, thus leaving the remaining variations, both secular and episodic, available for study. In spite of the limited understanding of ocean processes a certain measure of success has been achieved in this field, so that given good quality data, at least the secular trend can be identified. The work of the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level in its current task of publishing mean sea level data in a new format should provide assistance in evaluating the eustatic contribution in the secular trend.
Improved hydrogen maser clock
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

With hydrogen maser clocks now routinely performing near the theoretical limit set by thermal noise, the devices have become the most accurate frequency standard available to science. At room temperature this performance corresponds to a stability of 6 parts in 1016 measured over one‐hour averaging intervals. Such masers are currently being developed and built at the Harvard‐Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics for very long base line interferometry and satellite‐tracking applications.The prospects for further stability have been enhanced as a result of recent experimental tests with a cryogenic atomic hydrogen maser. Successful oscillation at temperatures down to 25°K was attained recently. This was made possible by the introduction of carbon tetrafluoride into the supercooled maser cavity, where it froze on the cavity walls to form a surface similar to that of the Teflon walls used in room temperature masers. This coating successfully preserved the phase of the oscillating hydrogen atoms as they collided with the cavity walls. At a temperature of 300°K the available stability of oscillation was calculated to be below 1 part in 1016, a factor of 6 better than the hydrogen masers currently in use.
Trench mapping documents 15,000 years of California earthquakes
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

‘Inch‐by‐inch’ mapping of the wall of a trench across the Garlock fault in southern California has revealed repeated deformations of soil layers caused by faulting and earthquakes during the past 15,000 years, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. The USGS said that the data provide some of the best clues yet collected to the likely frequency and magnitude of earthquake hazards in the area near the fault.The evidence was gathered by a team of scientists working in a trench in the dry bed of Koehn Lake near the old mining town of Garlock in southeastern Kern County. The work was conducted as part of a program on earthquake hazard reduction.
Evaluation of coal resources
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A $188,000 grant for a coal resource drilling and evaluation project in the area just east of Denver, Colorado, has been awarded to the Colorado Geological Survey by the U.S. Geological Survey.The coal evaluation study is part of a nationwide program by the USGS to assess the quantity and quality of the nation's coal resources, as authorized by the Federal Coal Leasing Amendments Act of 1975.
Chronicle of 1886 earthquake reprinted
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The most comprehensive account ever published of the Charleston, South Carolina earthquake of August 31, 1886, originally published in 1890, has been reprinted and made available to the public by the U.S. Geological Survey.The 528‐page chronicle, written by Clarence Edward Dutton, Captain of Ordnance, U.S. Army, documents the nature and effects of one of the largest earthquakes in eastern North America and by far the largest earthquake in the southeastern United States.
Significant mineral potential in Nevada and Oregon
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

An 834‐square‐mile wilderness study area in southern Oregon and northern Nevada has areas with significant mineral potential, according to a joint U.S. Geological Survey and Bureau of Mines report.The Charles Sheldon Wilderness Study Area is located in Humboldt and Washoe counties in Nevada and Lake and Harney counties in Oregon, about 165 miles (264 km) north of Reno.
Comments on “Why do i not accept plate tectonics”
Authors: Tatsch J. H. 
Published: October 2011

In his rebuttal to the recent discussion and comments on this topic among colleagues from the U.S. and U.S.S.R. published in EOS (June 12,1979), Von Herzen stated, in part, as follows:‘Combined with quantitative estimates of heat loss based on plate tectonics models…'
Reply to Tatsch
Authors: Von Herzen R. P. 
Published: October 2011

Tatsch's brief comment touches on the problem of what constitutes ‘proof’ of a scientific hypothesis, about which many volumes have been written [e.g., Ravetz, 1971]. Where many physical variables are relevant over a broad range of time and space scales, as for most earth science hypotheses, formal ‘proof’ becomes difficult or impossible. The validity of an hypothesis then becomes a subjective judgment, either individually or by many persons, and is frequently dependent on the way the original hypothesis is framed.As stated in my previous comments in EOS (June 12, 1979), I would be among the first to admit that our present knowledge of the distribution of heat flow through the earth's surface, in itself, hardly constitutes ‘proof’ for the plate tectonics hypothesis. Hopefully, it is not irrelevant to point out that this distribution cannot be used to disprove the hypothesis, but rather, with some reasonable assumptions, may be used quantitatively to support it. The value of such quantitative estimates lies in their stimulation for further interaction between hypotheses and observations on which scientific progress depends, particularly in broad‐ranging disciplines like earth sciences.
Coastal oceanography off the Sinai
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

With the advent of peace in the Sinai Peninsula and the withdrawal of Israeli forces last spring the first research cruise since the 1967 war devoted to coastal oceanographic problems was conducted in May and June of this year. Personnel from the Coastal Studies Institute of Louisiana State University worked with Egyptian oceanographers of the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, and Mohamed El‐Ghamry of the Suez Canal Research Center to study the coastal currents, suspended sediment flux, and bottom sediment characteristics in the waters 10‐20 km east of the Suez Canal.Utilizing the Egyptian Institute's 17‐meter research vessel Shawatti, the group deployed eight moored current meters in a transect of the coastal boundary current extending 25 km offshore. A tide gauge and anemometer mounted on a sea buoy stranded in 2 meters of water directly on the transect line will allow them to determine the details of the wind‐driven and tide‐driven responses.