bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal adhesion kinase is essential for cardiac looping and multichamber heart formation
Authors: Doherty Jason T. , Conlon Frank L. , Mack Christopher P. , Taylor Joan M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a critical mediator of matrix‐ and growth factor‐induced signaling during development. Myocyte‐restricted FAK deletion in mid‐gestation mice results in impaired ventricular septation and cardiac compaction. However, whether FAK regulates early cardiogenic steps remains unknown. To explore a role for FAK in multi‐chambered heart formation, we utilized anti‐sense morpholinos to deplete FAK in Xenopus laevis. Xenopus FAK morphants exhibited impaired cardiogenesis, pronounced pericardial edema, and lethality by tadpole stages. Spatial‐temporal assessment of cardiac marker gene expression revealed that FAK was not necessary for midline migration, differentiation, fusion of cardiac precursors, or linear heart tube formation. However, myocyte proliferation was significantly reduced in FAK morphant heart tubes and these tubes failed to undergo proper looping morphogenesis. Collectively our data imply that FAK plays an essential role in chamber outgrowth and looping morphogenesis likely stimulated by fibroblast growth factors (and possibly other) cardiotrophic factors. genesis 48:492–504, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design and implementation of study support system for electronic circuits with observable V–I characteristics
Authors: Ohchi Masashi , Yoshitomi Takashi , Akagi Keita , Sasaki Shinichi , Furukawa Tatsuya 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe have designed and implemented a “Virtual Laboratory” on computer systems. Some of the implemented systems are Web‐based learning environments where the client–server model and Java technologies are used. The subject of electronic circuits is the most essential one in departments of electrical and electronic engineering. However, it is a subject whose basic theory, and also its technical terms and electronic circuit designs, are difficult for students to understand. In this paper, we describe a study support system for electronic circuits with observable V–I characteristics using Java. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(7): 61–69, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10172
Influence of needle tip distance on barrier discharge and ozone generation for multiple needle‐and‐plane electrode configuration
Authors: Ueno Hideki , Kawahara Shintaro , Nakayama Hiroshi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe relationship between the barrier discharge characteristics and ozone generation on application of an AC voltage in a triple needle‐plane configuration has been investigated for various distances among the triple needle tips (d=0 to 7.0 mm) with a constant distance between the needle tip and the plane (g=3.0 mm) in dry air. The characteristics of the barrier discharge and ozone generation depend on the needle tip distance. It is considered that the influence is caused by the presence of space charge and accumulated charge, as suggested by discharge images taken by a still camera and a CCD camera. The ozone generation efficiency is also estimated from the power consumption and the ozone concentration. It is found that when the distance among the triple needle tips is small, the above influence is strengthened. In this case, the ozone generation efficiency is improved. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(7): 32–41, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10289
Nondestructive internal defect detection using photoacoustic and self‐coupling effect
Authors: Oe Takayuki , Nawa Yasuhiko , Tsuda Norio , Yamada Jun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe demand for noncontact and nondestructive internal defect detection is increasing. Using the photoacoustic effect, internal defects can be detected by a low‐power semiconductor laser and an ultrasonic sensor. But the sensitivity of ultrasonic sensors is low in detecting photoacoustic signals. Thus, an internal defect detection using the photoacoustic and self‐coupling effect of a semiconductor laser has been studied. To generate photoacoustic signals, a semiconductor laser with an output power of 20 mW is focused by a lens and is directed toward the sample at an angle of 45°. To detect the photoacoustic signal by the self‐coupled effect, another laser with an output power of 10 mW is directed against the sample at a right angle. Sample defect can be detected by directing these laser beams at the same point on the sample. The self‐coupling sensor can detect internal defects with greater sensitivity than an ultrasonic sensor. The edge effect and the frequency characteristic have also been observed. The device proved able to detect a very small defect of 0.07 mm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(7): 17–23, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10307
Longitudinal river ecohydrology: flow variation down the lengths of alluvial rivers
Authors: Larned Scott T. , Schmidt Jochen , Datry Thibault , Konrad Christopher P. , Dumas Jennifer K. , Diettrich Jan C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLongitudinal flow variation is an emerging field of study in river ecohydrology. Longitudinal changes in the frequencies, magnitudes, durations and timing of floods, low‐flows and intermittence create a dynamic environment for flow‐dependent species and ecological processes. Analyses of flow variation and flow–ecosystem relationships in the longitudinal dimension require synoptic flow time‐series at multiple sites along a river. Complex channel geomorphology and a scarcity of rivers equipped with multiple flow gauges have slowed progress in longitudinal ecohydrology. The empirical longitudinal flow model (ELFMOD) is a new statistical tool for estimating flows at multiple points along rivers; which circumvents the requirement for multiple gauges. In this study, we used ELFMOD to explore longitudinal flow variation in four alluvial rivers from different geological terrains and climate zones: the Albarine (France), Methow (USA) and Selwyn and Orari (New Zealand). Differences among rivers in longitudinal and temporal flow variation were evident on date × location flow matrices and longitudinal profiles. There were notable differences among longitudinal gradients in flow magnitude and flow percentiles, and in the recurrence, extent, and rate of expansion and contraction of dry river reaches. There were also large differences in longitudinal flow‐permanence patterns. Temporal variation in the lengths of dry channel and numbers of dry reaches was predominately seasonal in the Albarine and Methow, and interannual in the Orari and Selwyn. Broad differences among the rivers in longitudinal flow patterns correspond to differences in the configuration of hydrogeomorphic discontinuities such as tributary confluences, channel divergences and convergences, and lithological contacts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sphagnum moss moisture retention following the re‐vegetation of degraded peatlands
Authors: Waddington J. M. , Lucchese M. C. , Duval T. P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNorthern peatlands store approximately one‐third of the World's soil carbon through the long‐term accumulation of carbon as peat. However, when peatlands are exploited for Sphagnum moss and horticultural peat, they become degraded and large, persistent sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Recent advances in peatland restoration techniques have succeeded in the re‐vegetation of Sphagnum moss on previously cutover surfaces. The long‐term success of peatland restoration depends on the development of a sufficiently thick new peat layer that has ecohydrological and hydrophysical properties similar to natural peatlands. We determined these properties for an upper (0–4 cm) and lower (8–12 cm) peat layer in a recently restored peatland, a naturally re‐vegetated cutover peatland, and a natural peatland in eastern Québec. The properties of the new peat layer differed significantly between the sites, especially for the lower layer samples. Lower samples for the natural and naturally re‐vegetated sites had a bulk density of 43 ± 5 and 41 ± 11 kg m−3, respectively, almost twice as high as the value for lower samples from the restored site (24 ± 4 kg m−3). Sphagnum rubellum capitula density (ρC) was significantly higher (p < 0·05) for the restored peatland (28 726 # m−2) compared to the natural site (26 050 # m−2). Residual moisture content at a soil water pressure of − 200 mb (θr) was significantly lower (p < 0·05) for the restored site in comparison to the natural and naturally re‐vegetated sites for the lower samples. This suggests that S. rubellum in a natural peatland is able to hold onto more moisture under increasing soil tension than the same species growing in a restored site likely due to its higher bulk density and relatively more decomposed state. We suggest that it is possible that S. rubellum growing in the harsher cutover peatland environment has possibly allocated more carbohydrates to vertical growth and as a consequence has a lower bulk density and poorer water retention. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A μ3‐Alkoxo‐Bridged Tetranuclear [Cu4L2] Copper(II) Complex of a Hexadentate N2O4 Donor Ligand with a [6 + 0] Cu4O4 Cubane Core: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Maity Dipankar , Jana Atish D. , Debnath Mainak , Hearns Nigel G. R. , Sie Ming‐Han , Lee Hon Man , Clérac Rodolphe , Ali Mahammad 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA novel hexacoordinating non‐Schiff base ligand (H4L) with N2O4 donor atoms has been synthesized by simple Mannich reactions. The use of this ligand with Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O in different molar ratios as well as pH leads to the formation of a mononuclear species and a tetranuclear CuII complex possessing a cubane [Cu4L2] core with almost equal Cu···Cu separation. In the presence of an excess amount of copper(II) ions and triethylamine at reflux, the mononuclear [CuH2L] species can be converted into the tetranuclear one, whereas the reverse process was not observed even after prolonged reaction time. Both the complexes have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. Magnetic studies reveal that complex 1 displays a paramagnetic Curie‐type behavior whereas 2 displays a singlet‐spin ground state induced by strong intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions.
Investigation of the Zero‐Field Splitting in Six‐ and Seven‐Coordinate Mononuclear MnII Complexes with N/O‐Based Ligands by Combining EPR Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry
Authors: Rich Jordi , Castillo Carmen E. , Romero Isabel , Rodríguez Montserrat , Duboc Carole , Collomb Marie‐Noëlle 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe electronic properties of a series of seven mononuclear MnII complexes with an N/O and N/Cl coordination sphere have been investigated by X‐ and Q‐band EPR spectroscopy as well as by density functional theory (DFT). The [Mn(terpy)(CF3CO2)2(H2O)] (1), [Mn(pb)2(CF3SO3)2] (2), [Mn(pb)2(NO3)(H2O)](NO3) (3), [Mn(bpy)2(CF3CO2)2] (4) and [Mn(pb)2Cl2] (5) complexes are six‐coordinate, whereas [Mn(terpy)(NO3)2(H2O)] (6) and [Mn(bpea)(NO3)2] (7) are seven‐coordinate [terpy = 2,2′:6,2″‐terpyridine, pb = (–)‐pinene[5,6]bipyridine, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, bpea = N,N‐bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)ethylamine]. The X‐ray structure of new complex 1 has also been resolved, whereas the structures of 2–7 have been already reported. The D values of the N/O‐coordinated complexes 1–4, 6 and 7 all fall into the narrow range of 0.035–0.086 cm–1. Complex 5 exhibits a slightly larger D value of 0.146 cm–1, in accordance with its N/Cl coordination sphere. The sign of D has been determined from the low‐temperature Q‐band EPR spectra for all complexes with the exception of 1 because of its large E/D ratio. The zero‐field splitting (ZFS) parameters of 1–7 have been predicted by DFT calculations using two types of functionals, BP86 and B3LYP. The calculations were initiated from the crystal structures as well as from optimized structures in which only the positions of the hydrogen atoms were relaxed. The calculated D values show that B3LYP is not suited to predict the ZFS for MnII complexes with only N/O‐based ligands, whereas with BP86 the quality of the prediction is satisfactory. Moreover, with BP86, the sign of D is correctly reproduced within the series when experimentally determined.
Pyrrolysine Analogs for Translational Incorporation into Proteins
Authors: Fekner Tomasz , Li Xin , Chan Michael K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe discovery that pyrrolysine is translationally incorporated into methylamine methyltransferases from certain methanogens in response to an in‐frame amber codon prompted detailed studies of the biochemical machinery associated with its genetic encoding. Over the past few years, significant progress has also been made in identifying a set of structural and electronic features that enable a compound to act as an effective pyrrolysine mimic. With such empirical knowledge in hand, it is becoming increasingly feasible to rationally design and synthesize new analogs with useful chemical, physical, or biochemical properties and then site‐specifically incorporate them into proteins. The present microreview highlights recent key developments in this rapidly expanding area of research.
A Versatile Route to Red‐Emitting Carbopyronine Dyes for Optical Microscopy and Nanoscopy (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 19/2010)
Authors: Kolmakov Kirill , Belov Vladimir N. , Wurm Christian A. , Harke Benjamin , Leutenegger Marcel , Eggeling Christian , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows a unique bird's eye view of the regular park in Strelna – one of the most desolate, yet stunning historical suburbs of St. Petersburg (Russia). Famous European architects of the 18th century, such as C.‐B. Rastrelli, A. Le Blanc, G.‐B. Chiprianni, P. Michetti, and L. Ruska, participated in the construction of “the Russian Versailles” – this is what the Russian Tsar Peter the Great planned this country residence to be. The northern façade of the Konstantinovsky Palace looks at the hazy and rainy Gulf of Finland. The regular cyclic pattern of the park lanes and shipping canals is reminiscent of the polycyclic structure of carbopyronine dyes decorated with hydrophilic groups. These fluorescent markers are described in the article by V. N. Belov, S. W. Hell et al. on p. 3593 ff. The authors report a detailed and strategically sound synthesis of the carbopyronine scaffold with great potential for dye design. Important photophysical properties and some nanoscopic applications of the new red emitting dyes are also described, and interesting future applications (e.g. as caged carbopyronines) are mentioned. Photo: V. N. Belov; the artwork of Mr. H. Sebesse (Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, G�ttingen, Germany) is acknowledged.
Polylysine‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Evolution at Mercury Electrodes
Authors: Živanović Marko , Aleksić Mara , Ostatná Veronika , Doneux Thomas , Paleček Emil 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIt has been shown that peptides and proteins produce at nanomolar concentrations a structure‐sensitive chronopotentiometric peak H at mercury electrodes, which is due to the catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we use for the first time poly(amino acids) to obtain information about the role of individual amino acid residues in the HER. At pH 6 polylysine (polyLys) and polyarginine,tryptophan yield a peak H, in agreement with their ionization state, while polyglutamic acid gives no catalytic response. PolyLys catalyzes hydrogen evolution in its adsorbed state. Even at potentials negative to the potential of zero charge, hydrophobic interactions could be involved in polyLys adsorption.
Effects of GDL Structure with an Efficient Approach to the Management of Liquid water in PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Kimball Erin E. , Benziger Jay B. , Kevrekidis Yannis G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA model fuel cell with a single transparent straight flow channel and segmented anode was constructed to measure the direct correlation of liquid water movement with the local currents along the flow channel. Water drops emerge through the largest pores of the GDL with the size of the droplets that emerge on the surface determined by the size of the pore and its location under the gas flow channel or under the land. Gravity, surface tension, and the shearing force from the gas flow control the movement of liquid in the gas flow channel. By creating a single large diameter pore in the GDL, liquid water flow emergent from the GDL was forced to be in specific locations along the length of the channel and either under the land or under the channel. The effects of gravity were amplified when the large pore was under the channel, but diminished with the large pore under the land. Current fluctuations were minimised when the dominant water transport from the GDL pore was near the cathode outlet. The results show that it is possible to engineer the water distribution in PEM fuel cells by modifying the pore sizes in the GDL.
Genetic patterns of correlation among subcortical volumes in humans: Results from a magnetic resonance imaging twin study
Authors: Eyler Lisa T. , Prom‐Wormley Elizabeth , Fennema‐Notestine Christine , Panizzon Matthew S. , Neale Michael C. , Jernigan Terry L. , Fischl Bruce , Franz Carol E. , Lyons Michael J. , Stevens Allison , Pacheco Jennifer , Perry Michele E. , Schmitt J. Eric , Spitzer Nicholas C. , Seidman Larry J. , Thermenos Heidi W. , Tsuang Ming T. , Dale Anders M. , Kremen William S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLittle is known about genetic influences on the volume of subcortical brain structures in adult humans, particularly whether there is regional specificity of genetic effects. Understanding patterns of genetic covariation among volumes of subcortical structures may provide insight into the development of individual differences that have consequences for cognitive and emotional behavior and neuropsychiatric disease liability. We measured the volume of 19 subcortical structures (including brain and ventricular regions) in 404 twins (110 monozygotic and 92 dizygotic pairs) from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging and calculated the degree of genetic correlation among these volumes. We then examined the patterns of genetic correlation through hierarchical cluster analysis and by principal components analysis. We found that a model with four genetic factors best fit the data: a Basal Ganglia/Thalamus factor; a Ventricular factor; a Limbic factor; and a Nucleus Accumbens factor. Homologous regions from each hemisphere loaded on the same factors. The observed patterns of genetic correlation suggest the influence of multiple genetic influences. There is a genetic organization among structures which distinguishes between brain and cerebrospinal fluid spaces and between different subcortical regions. Further study is needed to understand this genetic patterning and whether it reflects influences on early development, functionally dependent patterns of growth or pruning, or regionally specific losses due to genes involved in aging, stress response, or disease. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐assembly syntheses and crystal structures of dimeric di‐n‐butyltin phosphates containing eight‐membered Sn2O4P2 inorganic ring
Authors: Zhang Rufen , Wu Jianjun , Wang Qingfeng , Ma Chunlin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTwo organotin (IV) derivatives, [Bu2‐ Sn(HO3PO‐i‐Pr)2]2 (1) and [Bu2Sn(HO3POPh)2]2 (2), have been prepared by reactions of di‐n‐butyltin oxide with the phenylphosphoric acid and isopropylphosphoric acid, respectively. Characterization of the complexes 1 and 2 was achieved using elemental analysis, IR, NMR (1H, 13C, 31P, and 119Sn) spectroscopy, and X‐ray crystallography diffraction analysis. The X‐ray data reveal that complexes 1 and 2 are dimers containing eight‐membered Sn2O4P2 inorganic ring. Interestingly, complexes 1 and 2 are further linked into 2D network through intermolecular O … Sn weak contacts and OH … O weak hydrogen‐bonding interactions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:298–303, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20610
Synthesis, crystal structures, and antitumor activity of three new organotin carboxylates
Authors: Sakho Adama Moussa , Du Dafeng , Li Wenjie , Liu Shuangshuang , Zhu Dongsheng , Xu Lin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThree new organotin(IV) carboxylates of composition [(R)2Sn(O2CC6H4C‐OC6H4CH3)2] 1, [(R)2Sn(O2CC6H4COC6H4‐C2H5)2]2 2, and R3SnO2 CC6H4COC6H4CH3 3, were obtained by reactions of (R)2SnO [R = o‐tolyl] with 2‐(4‐methyl benzoyl) benzoic acid and 2‐(4‐ethyl benzoyl) benzoic acid, and reaction of Cy3SnOH [Cy = cyclohexyl] with 2‐(4‐methyl benzoyl) benzoic acid, respectively. The complexes 1, 2 and 3 have been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR), 1HNMR, and X‐ray crystallography diffraction analyses. The complex 1 has two folded symmetrical structure; the tin atom in 1 is found to adopt a distorted toward skew‐trapezoidal bipyramidal geometry. Molecular structure of the complex 2 is centrosymmetric, and the internal tin atom is five‐coordinated and is in distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The crystal structure of the complex 3 is found to exhibit distorted tetrahedral geometry. Pilot studies have indicated that the complexes 1 and 2 have shown good antitumor activities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:304–313, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20614
Solvent‐ and catalyst‐free reaction of (aminomethyl)phosphonates with epoxides: Synthesis of novel {[(2‐hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl}phosphonates
Authors: Kaboudin Babak , Sorbiun Mina 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUncatalyzed reaction of epoxides with (aminomethyl)phosphonates for the synthesis of novel {[(2‐hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl}phosphonates is described. Treatment of (aminomethyl)phosphonates with epoxides without any catalyst and under solvent‐free conditions gives novel {[(2‐hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl}phosphonates. Using this method, a series of {[(2‐hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl}phosphonates was synthesized in good yields. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:284–289, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20615
Hippocampal astrocytes are necessary for antidepressant treatment of learned helplessness rats
Authors: Iwata Masaaki , Shirayama Yukihiko , Ishida Hisahito , Hazama Gen‐i. , Nakagome Kazuyuki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe astrocyte is a major component of the neural network and plays a role in brain function. Previous studies demonstrated changes in the number of astrocytes in depression. In this study, we examined alterations in the number of astrocytes in the learned helplessness (LH) rat, an animal model of depression. The numbers of activated and nonactivated astrocytes in the dentate gyrus (molecular layer, subgranular zone, and hilus), and CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus were significantly increased 2 and 8 days after attainment of LH. Subchronic treatment with imipramine showed a tendency (although not statistically significant) to decrease the LH‐induced increment of activated astrocytes in the CA3 region and dentate gyrus. Furthermore, subchronic treatment of naïve rats with imipramine did not alter the numbers of activated and nonactivated astrocytes. However, the antidepressant‐like effects of imipramine in the LH paradigm were blocked when fluorocitrate (a reversible inhibitor of astrocyte function) was injected into the dentate gyrus or CA3 region. Injection of fluorocitrate into naive rats failed to induce behavioral deficits in the conditioned avoidance test. These results indicate that astrocytes are responsive to the antidepressant‐like effect of imipramine in the dentate gyrus and CA3 region of the hippocampus. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.