bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AVOCADO: A Virtual Observatory Census to Address Dwarfs Origins
Authors: Sánchez-Janssen Rubén ,   the AVOCADO collaboration.
Published: December 2011

AbstractDwarf galaxies are by far the most abundant of all galaxy types, yet their properties are still poorly understood–especially due to the observational challenge that their intrinsic faintness represents. AVOCADO aims at establishing firm conclusions on their formation and evolution by constructing a homogeneous, multiwavelength dataset for a statistically significant sample of several thousand nearby dwarfs (−18 <Mi< −14). Using public data and Virtual Observatory tools, we have built GALEX+SDSS+2MASS spectral energy distributions that are fitted by a library of single stellar population models. Star formation rates, stellar masses, ages and metallicities are further complemented with structural parameters that can be used to classify them morphologically. This unique dataset, coupled with a detailed characterization of each dwarf's environment, allows for a fully comprehensive investigation of their origins and to track the (potential) evolutionary paths between the different dwarf types.
Investigating the Merger Origin of Early-type Galaxies using Ultra-deep Optical Images
Authors: Duc P.-A. , Cuillandre J.-C. , Alatalo K. , Blitz L. , Bois M. , Bournaud F. , Bureau M. , Cappellari M. , Côté P. , Davies R. L. , Davis T. A. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Emsellem E. , Ferrarese L. , Ferriere E. , Gwyn S. , Khochfar S. , Krajnovic D. , Kuntschner H. , Lablanche P.-Y. , MacArthur L. , McDermid R. M. , Michel-Dansac L. , Morganti R. , Naab T. , Oosterloo T. , Sarzi M. , Scott N. , Serra P. , Weijmans A. , Young L. M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe mass assembly of galaxies leaves various imprints on their surroundings, such as shells, streams and tidal tails. The frequency and properties of these fine structures depend on the mechanism driving the mass assembly: e.g. a monolithic collapse, rapid cold-gas accretion followed by violent disk instabilities, minor mergers or major dry/wet mergers. Therefore, by studying the outskirts of galaxies, one can learn about their main formation mechanism. I present here our on-going work to characterize the outskirts of Early-Type Galaxies (ETGs), which are powerful probes at low redshift of the hierarchical mass assembly of galaxies. This work relies on ultra–deep optical images obtained at CFHT with the wide-field of view MegaCam camera of field and cluster ETGs obtained as part of the ATLAS3D and NGVS projects. State of the art numerical simulations are used to interpret the data. The images reveal a wealth of unknown faint structures at levels as faint as 29 mag arcsec−2 in the g-band. Initial results for two galaxies are presented here.
Where is the Light? Tracing the Evolution of Bulges and Disks since z ~ 0.8
Authors: Tasca Lidia A. M. , Tresse Laurence ,   COSMOS & zCOSMOS Collaboration
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe chronology of galactic bulge and disk formation is studied by analysing the relative contributions of these components to the B band rest–frame luminosity density (LD) at two different cosmological epochs. The luminosity function (LF) of the bulge and disk components at z ~ 0.8 is computed on a galaxy subsample of the final zCOSMOS “bright” catalogue of roughly 20,000 objects with spectroscopic redshift in the COSMOS field. The comparison is then performed on galaxies in the local universe. Our preliminary results show that the LD in the disk component strongly decreases from ~ 80% at z ~ 0.8 to ~ 50% at z = 0, the bulges having a specular behaviour. The observational constraints provided in this work are aimed to discriminate among competing scenarios of galaxy formation and evolution. An appropriate comparison with hydrodynamical semianalytical models will be considered in a future study to understand further the formation and evolution of galaxies.
Re-assessment of the Accretion Disc Clock in Hercules X-1
Authors: Jurua E. , Still M. , Meintjes P. J. , Charles P. A. , Anguma S. K 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe Galactic neutron star X-ray binary Her X-1 shows a 35-day photometric modulation. Detected across a broad energy range, the modulation is prevalent in X-rays, cycling between low and high states. Since the discovery of the 35-day cycle of Her X-1, the X-ray source has entered and returned from an extended anomalous low state on at least seven occasions. Employing Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer All-Sky Monitor observations, prior predictions that Her X-1 would return from the 2003 - 2004 anomalous low state with a new precession period and accretion luminosity are verified. However, the precession has not been as coherent over recent years as predicted. Potentially there have been more minor anomalous low states between 2004 and the present day.
Microorganisms and plants: a photosynthetic perspective.
Authors: Morgan-Kiss R. M. , Dolhi J. M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter discusses the potential impact of climate change on photosynthetic organisms residing in year-round cold environments, with emphasis on studies regarding microbial communities in cold habitats as well as research on microbial isolates of psychrophilic photoautotrophs, or the photopsychrophiles.
Impacts of cultivation of Kappaphycus alvarezii on coral reef environs of the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, South-eastern India.
Authors: Patterson Edward J. K. , Bhatt J. R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter presents an assessment of the impact of K. alvarezii cultivation on coral reef environs in the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay in Mandapam, Tamil Nadu, India, from October 2008 to October 2010 using the line intercept transect method. Twenty meter transects were laid parallel to a series of islands at 0.5-2.0 m depth during high tide, the number of transects depending on the size of the reef. Six transects in Shingle Island, 15 in Krusadai Island, and 6 in Poomarichan Island were laid in each assessment, which was carried out regularly at quarterly intervals to identify changes in benthic community structure. Thirty local fishermen were interviewed for their views on recent trends in fish catch. Underwater observations revealed considerable quantities of K. alvarezii fragments on the dense seagrass beds along the Pamban Pass. Coral colonies invaded by K. alvarezii were destroyed because of the shadowing and smothering effects of fragments firmly attached to the coral colony and forming a thick mat that penetrated deeply up to 5-10 cm, preventing sunlight from reaching zooxanthallae. Invasion also adversely affected other reef-associated fauna, especially native fish species. K. alvarezii was not preferred by native herbivorous fishes, such as surgeon fish (acanthurids) and parrot fish (scarids), and this provided an opportunity for the invading alga to grow very rapidly without any predators. K. alvarezii cultivation, as practiced using rafts on the luxuriant seagrass beds, reduced the penetration of light essential for the healthy growth of seagrass. This activity ultimately affected the seagrass beds, resulting in stunted growth with reduced shoot density, a turbid environment and less associated biodiversity, particularly fish. Fishermen working on the catch revealed that native herbivorous fish species are gradually declining in the area as they do not appear to prefer K. alvarezii as their food source.
Resource utilization and beneficial aspects of invasive alien weeds with special reference to the Western Ghats, India.
Authors: Rao R. R. , Kavitha Sagar Kavitha Sagar , Sathyanarayana N. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This chapter describes the utilization of invasive weeds in the Western Ghats region of India as medicinal plants, ornamental plants, edible plants, fodder plants, hyperaccumulators for bioremediation, biofertilizers and timber source, among other uses.
Relative age effect and soccer refereeing: A ‘Strategic Adaptation’ of relatively younger children?
Authors: Delorme Nicolas , Radel Rémi , Raspaud Michel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPrevious research suggested that the relative age effect (RAE) has a psychological influence on children and their decision to engage in a particular sport. Relatively younger children seem to have lower self‐esteem. Indeed, because of the disadvantages of being younger, it is assumed that these players experience more situations of failure and inferiority. Because of these negative performance cues, it is likely that these young players feel less competent, which eventually leads to a higher dropout rate. These children can also decide to participate in sports in which physical attributes are less important. This shift from one sport to another can be interpreted as a ‘strategic adaptation’. The purpose of this study was thus to investigate whether refereeing could be another form of ‘strategic adaptation’. If a child chooses a specific sport but then does not feel competent enough to be a player, refereeing might be an alternate path followed to stay in the environment of a sport they like. Given the minimal age limits for refereeing, two hypotheses were formulated: (1) ‘reversed’ RAE would be observed in district referees younger than 18 years old and (2) no RAE would be observed in district referees older than 18 years old, regional referees and national referees. The birthdates of all official male soccer referees (n=13,952) were collected from the federation database. Results show that the distribution of all district referees was significantly unbalanced (χ2=18.73, df=3, P<0.001) with an over‐representation of individuals who were born in the second half of the competitive year. As expected, this imbalance was exclusively located in district referees of 18 years old and less (χ2=8.03, df=3, P<0.05), while the distribution was uniform for adults (χ2=5.17, df=3, P<0.16). Concerning regional referees (χ2=2.09, df=3, P<0.554) and national referees (χ2=3.75, df=3, P<0.290), the results also provide support for our initial hypothesis as uniform distributions were found for both groups. This study brings to light new elements in the potential relationship between relative age and refereeing. Qualitative and/or longitudinal research is needed to confirm our quantitative data.
Four weeks of training with different aerobic workload distributions – Effect on aerobic performance
Authors: Clemente Suárez Vicente Javier , González‐Ravé Jose M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAlthough numerous authors have studied the effect of different training procedures on athlete's resistance performance, there are no studies on how the improvement of aerobic resistance is affected by the distribution of training loads. This research sets out to analyse the effectiveness on aerobic activity of distributions with a constant load (CON) and with increments in intensity (INC) over a 4‐week period. A total of 30 athletes took part in the analysis (38.7±9.8 years; 174.7±6.5 cm; 72.0±9.8 kg). They were divided into 3 groups of 10 each. One group followed a training plan with a CON distribution and another with an INC distribution. Both groups performed at the same volume and intensity, the only difference between them being the distribution of load over the 4 weeks. The third group trained with a free load distribution during this time. Improvement in V˙O2max and ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) was analysed before and after the 4‐week training period. There was no modification of the V˙O2max in any of the training programmes. The FRE and INC groups showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in their V˙O2 in VT1, and in the CON group there was a significant reduction (p<0.05) in heart rate in VT2. These results show how training periodisation produces different improvement on performance and demonstrate the effectiveness of periodisated programmes, because periodisated programmes obtain equal or higher adaptations with lower training volumes than non‐periodisated programmes.
Acute physiological responses to recreational in‐line skating in young adults
Authors: Orepic Paula , Mikulic Pavle , Soric Maroje , Ruzic Lana , Markovic Goran 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe examined the physiological responses to in‐line skating exercise at self‐selected paces in recreationally trained adults. Seven men and 10 women performed in‐line skating exercise during which oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2) and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate concentration were also obtained at the end of exercise. Furthermore, subjects’ peak [Vdot]O2, peak HR, RPE and gas‐exchange thresholds were determined in laboratory settings. The average exercise intensity during in‐line skating was 90% of peak HR, 67% of peak [Vdot]O2, 84% of HR reserve and 64% of [Vdot]O2 reserve. When expressed as RPE and as metabolic equivalents (METs), the average exercise intensity was 13.1 RPE and 9.4 METs. Overall, these indicators of exercise intensity categorise in‐line skating at self‐selected paces as a vigorous physical activity. Notably, at similar [Vdot]O2 values, significantly higher HR (174±16 vs. 156±6 bpm; p<0.001) and RPE (13.1±1.4 vs. 11.7±1.4; p=0.019) were observed for in‐line skating compared with treadmill running. We conclude that 1. recreational in‐line skating induces physiological responses that are sufficient for improving and maintaining cardiovascular fitness in healthy adults, 2. HR‐ and RPE‐based methods for quantifying the exercise intensity during in‐line skating may overestimate the actual metabolic load and 3. the derivation of exercise prescriptions for in‐line skating should be preferably based on specific (i.e. in‐line skating) graded exhaustive exercise test.
Influence of age, race, sex, and body mass index on interpretation of midregional pro atrial natriuretic peptide for the diagnosis of acute heart failure: results from the BACH multinational study
Authors: Daniels Lori B. , Clopton Paul , Potocki Mihael , Mueller Christian , McCord James , Richards Mark , Hartmann Oliver , Anand Inder S. , Wu Alan H.B. , Nowak Richard , Peacock W. Frank , Ponikowski Piotr , Mockel Martin , Hogan Christopher , Filippatos Gerasimos S. , Di Somma Salvatore , Ng Leong , Neath Sean‐Xavier , Christenson Robert , Morgenthaler Nils G. , Anker Stefan D. , Maisel Alan S. 
Published: December 2011

AimsMidregional pro atrial natriuretic peptide (MR‐proANP) is useful for diagnosing acute heart failure (HF) in patients presenting to the Emergency Department with dyspnoea. Optimal interpretation of MR‐proANP requires understanding of how various demographic variables influence its levels and performance as a diagnostic marker. We sought to determine how age, race, sex, and body mass index (BMI) affect the levels and interpretation of MR‐proANP for the diagnosis of acute HF.Methods and resultsThe Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure (BACH) study was an international 15‐centre study of 1641 patients presenting to the Emergency Department with acute dyspnoea. Of these, 1352 had complete information on age, race, sex, and BMI. MR‐proANP levels increased with age and were higher in men and in patients with lower BMI. MR‐proANP performed better as a diagnostic marker in younger individuals and in blacks compared with whites. Despite this, MR‐proANP at the recommended cut‐off point of 120 pmol/L was >90 % sensitive in ruling out the diagnosis of acute HF in all subgroups of patients except white subjects <50 years old.ConclusionAge, race, sex, and BMI affect MR‐proANP levels to various degrees. However, the diagnostic performance of the recommended cut‐off point of 120 pmol/L to rule out acute HF was robust across most subgroups. Although both sex and BMI affected MR‐proANP levels, they did not alter its overall diagnostic performance. Lower cut‐off points for MR‐proANP could be considered in younger patients and in patients with a higher BMI, to optimize diagnostic sensitivity.
Combating learning
Authors: Järvensivu Anu , Koski Pasi 
Published: December 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to look at workplace learning through research into sociology of work. It explores the “learning discourse” at work place level looking for possibilities to oppose learning.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on case studies conducted at six workplaces. The data on the cases include interviews and observation and three of the cases can be characterized as being based on action research.FindingsIn light of the case studies, learning at workplaces shows up as action and discourse that is quite interest‐laden and contested. Employers demand learning but employees find ways to oppose these demands.Practical implicationsIn the planning of measures that support workplace learning it is important to identify general structures and trends of working life, as well as the different interests at the workplace. In this way, a situation can be avoided in which adult educators and their activities are used as weapons in campaigning for some groups' interests.Originality/valueThe article's distinctive feature lies in its critical approach to workplace learning through in‐depth data sets. It explores further so‐called positive learning discourse and its implications at different kind of workplaces and to different kind of personnel groups.
Continuing professional development in nursing: does age matter?
Authors: Lammintakanen Johanna , Kivinen Tuula 
Published: December 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe and compare the views of nurses of different ages on continuing professional development (CPD). The authors were interested in possible differences in the use of formal and especially informal CPD practices between nurses of different ages, and likewise in possible differences in attitudes of nurses of different ages to CPD.Design/methodology/approachA postal questionnaire was sent to a random sample of nursing staff (n=653) in six Finnish hospital districts. Three age groups were formed for this study: 39 or under, 40‐50 and 51 or older. The data were analyzed with statistical methods.FindingsThe youngest nurses participated least in those CPD practices that enhanced transfer of tacit knowledge. In addition, they reported more experiences of injustice in terms of CPD than their older colleagues.Research limitations/implicationsThese results are preliminary, but supported by earlier research.Practical implicationsA crucial challenge for nursing management is how to balance the needs of nurses of different ages and enable the use of all the options currently available for CPD in health care organizations. Nurse managers need also to consider opportunities for workplace learning when they allocate nursing resources in their units. Due to the retirement of older workers it is essential to make tacit knowledge explicit in health care organizations and give the younger workers an opportunity to learn from older nurses' experiences and vice versa.Originality/valueRecent studies have emphasized the importance of retaining older workers. The results of the effects of age on participating in different CPD practices have been somehow contradictory.
Conflicting conceptualizations of human resource accounting
Authors: Steen Adam , Welch Denice , McCormack Darcy 
Published: December 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the differing perceptions or conceptualizations that have contributed to prevailing views held by accountants on the measurement and reporting of human resources.Design/methodology/approachThe study provides an analysis of extant literature and presents a theoretical framework on the relationship between HR, intellectual capital and goodwill.FindingsThe lack of traction in the progress of accounting for people is due to several factors including tension between employees and management, the demands of internal and external stakeholders, and the historic roots of accounting for labour.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides suggestions as to how the debate regarding the valuing and reporting of human resources may be rekindled.Originality/valueThis study highlights the historical context for the lack of traction in the area of accounting for people, and the relatively recent development of the Intellectual Capital Statement as a partial but positive development in the area.
Unbundling the construct of firm‐level international competitiveness
Authors: Cerrato Daniele , Depperu Donatella 
Published: December 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for positioning the research contributions on the analysis of firm‐level international competitiveness and addressing the key issues on this topic.Design/methodology/approachLinking the concepts of internationalization, performance, and firm‐level competitiveness, the paper proposes a framework for identifying the different dimensions of international competitiveness. Literature on each dimension is reviewed and the linkages between them are discussed.FindingsThe paper unbundles the construct of international competitiveness into three dimensions: “ex ante” competitiveness, relating to firm‐ and location‐specific advantages as drivers of competitiveness; firm internationalization profile, resulting from the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of a firm's presence abroad; “ex post” competitiveness, relating to market, financial and nonfinancial performance of a firm in foreign markets.Originality/valueAlthough the analysis of international competitiveness benefits from contributions from different research streams such as international business, marketing, and strategic management, the lack of an organizing framework makes it difficult to “handle” within a potentially huge body of literature. This paper contributes to fill this gap. In addition, it provides the basis for a new research agenda about the analysis of the internationalization‐performance relationship.
Unified approach to the characterization of coupled composite laminates
Authors: York Christopher 
Published: December 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate new design concepts for 24 classes of laminate, which have been derived as part of an ongoing study on the development of a unified approach to the characterization of coupled laminates. The paper presents a description of each class of coupled laminate.Design/methodology/approachThe paper gives an overview of the desired performance and requirements of a smart leading edge device, its aerodynamic design for the wind tunnel tests and the structural pre‐design and sizing of the full‐scale leading edge section which will be tested in the wind tunnel.FindingsCoupled laminates have potential applications in the design of aero‐elastic compliant rotor blades or aircraft wing structures, by introducing tailored extension‐twist and/or shear‐extension coupling at the laminate level; or in the design of thermally activated morphing structures, by exploiting more complex coupling behaviour.Practical implicationsThese laminates contain standard cross‐ply and/or angle‐ply combinations, although double angle‐ply laminates are also considered, and correspond to any standard fibre/matrix system with a constant ply thickness throughout.Originality/valueThe vast majority of the laminate described possess coupling behaviour not previously identified in the literature.