bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety, effectiveness and comparability of professional skin cleansers
Authors: Terhaer Flora K. , Bock Meike , Fartasch Manigé , Gabard Bernard , Elsner Peter , Kleesz Peter , Landeck Lilla , Pohrt Ute , Seyfarth Florian , Schliemann Sibylle , Diepgen Thomas L. , Zagrodnik Fred , John Swen Malte 
Published: July 2010

Summary Background: There are no widely‐accepted methodical specifications with which to objectify cleansing effectiveness and skin compatibility of occuptional skin cleansing products in Europe. Therefore the German Social Insurance Agency (DGUV) initiated a study with the goal to evaluate such products in view of the potency and the safety of hand cleansers. A market analysis was a part of the project. Methodology: The product descriptions and safety data sheets of 120 products (5–20/manufacturer) of 11 manufacturers were evaluated between 02/2008 and 04/2008. Results: The manufacturers used mainly ingredients of low irritancy. The declaration of the applied ingredients was in the majority of the cases correctly labeled according to the INCI Declaration. Although there was documentation of skin tolerability for most products, the manufacturers used widely differing tests of skin compatibility. Evidences for cleansing effectiveness were not declared or have not been provided. One manufacturer even promised medical effects of its products. There was no uniform general classification of products making it difficult to identify characteristics of cleansers and choose between them. Conclusions: Presently, there are no commonly accepted criteria to classify products in view of cleansing effectiveness und skin compatibility. Generally accepted criteria and test methods are needed for the evaluation of hand cleansers in order to provide the possibility of transparency and comparability.
New technologies extend the scope of newborn blood‐spot screening, but old problems remain unresolved
Authors: Pollitt Rodney J 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe potential of newborn blood‐spot screening is expanding rapidly with the development of new analytical techniques and treatment methods. At the same time, some existing programmes, particularly that for congenital hypothyroidism, are coming under scrutiny because of suspicion that they are being shaped by analytical performance rather than evidence of clinical need. Screening policy varies greatly from country to country.Conclusion:  Ethical and political considerations may sometimes override formal scientific decision models.
Seeking Beauty in Art: Some Implications of a Thomistic Statement about Glass Saws
Authors: Storck Thomas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStarting from a statement of Thomas Aquinas to the effect that even though a saw made of glass would be more beautiful than one made of iron, it would not fulfil its artistic end, it is argued that we have largely lost an awareness that the fine arts in their pursuit of beauty must also have a connection to some end, just as the saw does to cutting, and that seeking beauty in the abstract and divorced from such an end has had deleterious effects, including the loss of the artist's social role, the disappearance of the fine arts from everyday life and their replacement by objects of mass culture. This process is particularly illustrated by the history of the connection between poetry and music.
The Trinity and the Life of the Christian: A Liturgical Catechism
Authors: Ayres Lewis 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article – the first Bishop Kevin Dunn Memorial Lecture ‐ I argue that one of the most important resources available for Catholics seeking to understand or teach Trinitarian doctrine is the liturgy of the Mass. I suggest that the text of the liturgy (novus ordo) offers us three patterns of Trinitarian speech that we should emulate. The first ascribes equal glory to Father, Son and Spirit. The second pattern teaches us that the fundamental story of Christian faith is a Trinitarian one. The creation comes from the Father, through the Son and in the Spirit; salvation is a process of being incorporated into the Son by the Spirit so that we may be led to the Father. This narrative is seen particularly clearly in the new eucharistic prayers of the Roman rite. The third pattern is that of using such theological formulae“as one nature and three persons”. These formulae are used sparingly and in contexts which emphasize that the realities of which they speak remain mysterious ‐ and must be the subject of our worship if our understanding is to grow. In our thought, teaching and prayer we should be attentive to the relative priority that these liturgical patterns suggest.
Heloise: A Christian View on Ethics and Love
Authors: Duran Jane 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe writings of Heloise are examined for their philosophical content, with special reference to the notions of friendship and love. The work of Mews, Dronke, Clanchy and others is cited, and it is concluded that Heloise's gifts as a writer and thinker have been overlooked and merit more careful examination.
FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES BASED LOW CALORIE GULAB JAMUN: STUDIES ON THE TEXTURE, MICROSTRUCTURE AND SENSORY ATTRIBUTES
Authors: RENUKA B. , PRAKASH M. , PRAPULLA S.G. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTGulab jamun, a poplar milk‐based traditional Indian sweet, is prepared by deep‐frying balls of dough in oil, followed by dipping them in sugar syrup. Suitability of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and FOS‐sucrose blend over sucrose and its effects on color, textural, sensory and microbiological attributes of gulab jamun were investigated. FOS and FOS‐sucrose blend did not affect color values and sensory scores of gulab jamun, adversely. However, the increase in hardness, adhesiveness and gumminess observed were correlated to an increase in compactness of microstructure of jamun prepared with FOS or FOS‐sucrose blend as indicated by scanning electron microscopy. They also showed an FOS content of 17.58 and 9.18 g/100 g, respectively, which slightly decreased during storage for 4 days at ambient temperature (25 ± 2C). The results indicate the potential of FOS as a low calorie and healthier alternative for sucrose in the preparation of some of the popular Indian sweet delicacies.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe consumption of sweets is an integral part of the Indian dietary system. Present day consumers are more health conscious and desire to have low sugar in food products and, hence, low or reduced calorie food products containing sugar alternatives have gained special importance. The results have shown the possibility of using fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a low calorie prebiotic as an effective replacement either fully or partially for the preparation of most popular Indian sweetmeat, i.e., gulab jamun. The manufacture of indigenous dairy products with low calorie prebiotic will provide a successful outlet for traditional milk products, and this will provide an alternate variety to the health conscious consumers. The present investigations have given all the positive indications for the use of FOS in the preparation of gulab jamun, which could also be cherished by the obese and the diabetics whose number is alarmingly increasing.
COST‐EFFECTIVE AND NONDESTRUCTIVE TEXTURAL ASSESSMENT OF FISH FRESHNESS VIA SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION PRINCIPLES
Authors: GRIGORAKIS K. , DIMOGIANOPOULOS D. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT This paper introduces a cost‐effective, rapid and nondestructive methodology exploiting system identification principles for monitoring the textural changes of fish during ice storage. Gilthead sea bream stored in ice for 0 (freshly killed) and 6 days are placed on a spring‐based weight scale and suffer a single, light and reproducible shock by a mallet. The reaction force, measured by the scale and recorded (throughout time) as an electrical signal, is analyzed via system identification principles for estimating the fish stiffness and damping ability in each freshness stage. Results highlight significant and highly repeatable reductions of the fish damping in 6 days of ice storage, due to textural changes undermining its ability of absorbing the shock‐induced energy. The methodology correlates well with organoleptic findings, describing significant elasticity loss in the 6th day ice‐stored fish. Thus, the proposed nondestructive methodology shows potential for cost‐effectively estimating textural changes in fish and for correlating them with freshness. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe present methodology showed that a cost‐effective experimental setup used along with simple but carefully executed tests and basic principles of system identification may reliably measure physical changes in fish, even in high‐quality shelf‐life stages. Thus, it could serve as an improvement upon methods indicating degree of spoilage. Its potential practical applications include fisheries and the aquaculture industry, as well as fish freshness evaluation in lab tests.
3‐D DYNAMIC OPTICAL TECHNIQUES TO MODEL FOOD MECHANICAL DEFORMATION
Authors: JACQUOT MURIEL , LI YUET HEE LYNN , LAMBERT‐CAMPAGNE LAURENCE , ARAB‐TEHRANY ELMIRA , GAÏANI CLAIRE , HARDY JOËL , DESOBRY STÉPHANE 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT Finding new instrumental rheological parameters that better describe sensory textures can improve correlation between rheological and sensory measurements of food. Two optical three‐dimensional (3‐D) techniques commonly used in mechanical engineering field were studied. These techniques have never been used in food science. Digital image correlation and Breuckmann scanning systems were successful to distinguish gelatin gels and soft cheeses varying in firmness and viscoelastic properties. These two systems were coupled with a universal testing machine to provide information regarding 3‐D displacements and surface deformation of sample. Mathematical models were developed to determine surface displacement profiles of samples from their firmness and viscoelastic properties. Three parameters were obtained to describe surface displacement profiles linked to samples textural properties. These parameters may be useful to develop models predicting accurately food sensory texture from instrumental measurements. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFinding new instrumental rheological parameters that better describe sensory textures to improve correlation between rheological and sensory measurements of food.
Seroconversion to avian influenza virus in free‐range chickens in the Riverland region of Victoria
Authors: East IJ , Ainsworth C , Warner S , Dunowska M , Azuolas JK 
Published: July 2010

Background  Since 2005, H5N1 avian influenza (AI) has spread from South‐East Asia to over 60 different countries, resulting in the direct death or slaughter of over 250,000,000 poultry. Migratory waterfowl have been implicated in this spread and in Australia there have been numerous isolations of low‐pathogenicity AI virus from wild waterfowl and shorebirds. The Department of Human Services, Victoria maintains 10 sentinel free‐range chicken flocks in the Riverland at locations that are populated by large numbers of waterfowl known to carry a range of strains of AI.Objective  This study analysed historical samples collected in 1991–94 and 2003–06 from the library of serum samples for antibodies against AI to assess the potential for transfer of AI virus from wild waterfowl to free‐range poultry.Results  Of the 2000 serum samples analysed, 17 were positive for antibodies against AI and 87 were suspect, with a clustering of positive and suspect results in the years 1994, 2003 and 2004. There was also a clustering of positive samples at the site of the Barmah flock. Nine sequential sets of sera from individual chickens with at least one positive result were identified. Analysis of these sequential sets showed that infection was acquired on site but that the antibody response to AI infection was short‐lived and was no longer detectable at 8 weeks after the positive finding.Conclusion  The surveillance of sentinel chickens is a potential avenue for monitoring the circulation of AI viruses and could provide an early warning system for the commercial poultry industries.
Morning Hypertension Assessed by Home Monitoring Is a Strong Predictor of Concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients With Untreated Hypertension
Authors: Matsui Yoshio , Eguchi Kazuo , Shibasaki Seiichi , Ishikawa Joji , Shimada Kazuyuki , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: July 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:776‐783. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study was performed to test whether morning hypertension defined by the morning‐evening difference in home blood pressure (BP) (MEdif) and the average of morning and evening BP (MEave) is a determinant of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The authors enrolled patients with untreated hypertension and performed echocardiography and home BP monitoring for 14 consecutive days. All patients were classified into 4 groups by the MEave and MEdif and morning hypertension was defined by MEave ≥135 mm Hg and MEdif ≥15 mm Hg. Left ventricular (LV) geometry was classified as normal, concentric remodeling, eccentric LVH, or concentric LVH. The morning hypertensive patients had a higher LV mass index and relative wall thickness than the other groups. According to multivariable logistic regression analysis, morning hypertensive patients had a significantly increased risk of the concentric LVH (odds ratio, 6.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.5–17.2; P<.001) compared with home normotensive patients with MEdif <15 mm Hg, after adjusting for confounders. Moreover, even among the home normotensives (white‐coat hypertensives), patients with MEdif ≥15 mm Hg had a higher percentage of concentric remodeling than those with MEdif <15 mm Hg (32.5% vs 14.7%, P=.017). Morning hypertension defined by the MEdif and MEave is a strong determinant of concentric LVH, suggesting that this definition could be used to determine the cardiovascular risk of morning hypertension.
Internet‐based assessment of medical students’ ophthalmoscopy skills
Authors: Åsman Peter , Lindén Christina 
Published: July 2010

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 854–857Abstract.Purpose:  Ophthalmoscopy is an important skill in undergraduate medical education. The use and outcome of a novel Internet‐based method for assessing motor skills‐related aspects of ophthalmoscopy skills in medical students are described.Methods:  A total of 139 students in Malmö and 255 students in Umeå were assessed during four consecutive semesters. An optic disc photograph was obtained in each student. At assessment each student was asked to examine the eye of a fellow student. Fifteen disc photographs were displayed on a computer screen. One of the photographs was from the fellow student. The remaining images had been randomly selected. The student was asked to identify the optic disc of the fellow student from the 15 photographs on the screen. In one semester, the time spent on this by each student was recorded.Results:  All students completed the task. The average pass ratio was 96.4% (ranging from 94.0% to 98.0%). Median student times were 5.53 mins in Malmö and 6.36 mins in Umeå.Conclusions:  This is the first automated, Internet‐based assessment of an ophthalmic motor skill performed in co‐operation between universities. The method used bears more similarities to real‐life ophthalmoscopy than methods that use model eyes. Time investments and infrastructure demands were comparatively low. The method was designed for stand‐alone assessment of ophthalmoscopy or as an objective structured clinical examination station, but it may also be used during the learning process. The collaboration between universities was easily transformed into routine practice and similar projects should be encouraged to increase the standardization of assessment.
Comparison of Medical Therapy Dosing in Outpatients Cared for in Cardiology Practices With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction With and Without Device Therapy
Authors: Heywood J. Thomas , Fonarow Gregg C. , Yancy Clyde W. , Albert Nancy M. , Curtis Anne B. , Gheorghiade Mihai , Inge Patches Johnson , McBride Mark L. , Mehra Mandeep R. , O'Connor Christopher M. , Reynolds Dwight , Walsh Mary Norine 
Published: July 2010

Background—
Few data exist to characterize the delivery of evidence-based medical therapy for outpatients with heart failure who have received implantable cardioverter-defibrillators or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) for systolic dysfunction.

Methods and Results—
IMPROVE HF is a prospective study characterizing the management of 15 381 outpatients with systolic heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%) enrolled from 167 US cardiology practices. Data were abstracted for dose, type, and daily frequency for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers, and aldosterone antagonists. Target doses for each medication class were based on current guidelines. Patients with devices (implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, CRT with defibrillators, or CRT with pacemakers) more frequently received evidence-based medical therapy than did those without such devices, although treatment at or above target doses was low for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (implantable cardioverter-defibrillators 32.6%, CRT with pacemaker 30.7%, CRT with defibrillator 32.0%, no device 34.6%) and β-blockers (20.2%, 17.4%, 20.4%, and 15.3%, respectively). Fewer patients received aldosterone antagonists, although when used, doses were more frequently within the target dosing range (70.1%, 72.1%, 72.7%, and 76.5%, respectively). Multivariable models showed that use of CRT with defibrillators and CRT with pacemakers was significantly associated with delivery of β-blockers at or above target doses, but no device therapies were associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker or aldosterone antagonist dosing.

Conclusions—
Patients treated with heart failure devices received evidence-based medical therapy at similar or greater frequency than did those without such devices. Patients with CRT with defibrillator or CRT with pacemaker devices were more likely to be treated with target doses of β-blockers than were patients not treated with device therapy. Doses of evidenced-based therapies remain significantly lower in clinical practice than in clinical trials.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00303979.
Perceived Best Ages for Cats, Dogs, and Humans: Comparisons across Species, Human Age, and Human Gender
Authors: Anderson Tara , Miller Debby , Staats Sara , Wallace Heidi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn addition to chronological age, humans perceive themselves and others as possessing several different functional ages. We extended the boundaries of research on perceived age concepts to cats and dogs, asking people to report on the best physical, mental, emotional, and social ages for cats and dogs. We found that emotional age was the oldest of the best ages and that physical best age was the youngest perceived best age for humans, cats, and dogs. Subjective age concepts extend across species to cats and dogs, and humans’ subjective self age estimates correlate with their estimates of nonhuman animal subjective ages. Human estimates of animal ages may influence variables such as adoption and animal care.
The State of Human-Animal Studies
Authors: DeMello Margo , Shapiro Kenneth 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe growth of human-animal studies (HAS) over the past twenty years can be seen in the explosion of new books, journals, conferences, organizations, college programs, listserves, and courses, both in the United States and throughout Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. We look as well at trends in the field, including the increasing popularity of animal-assisted therapy programs, the rise of new fields like transspecies psychology and critical animal studies, and the importance of animal welfare science. We also discuss the problems continuing to face the field, including the conservative culture of universities, the interdisciplinary nature of the field, the current economic crisis, and general anthropocentrism within academia. We end with a discussion of the tension between the scholarly role and the role of animal advocate, and offer some suggestions for HAS to continue to grow.
Karyological divergence of a Moldovan population of Rana dalmatina Bonaparte, 1838
Authors: Picariello Orfeo , Odierna Gaetano , Balletto Emilio , Giacoma Cristina , Petraccioli Agnese 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA karyological study conducted by both conventional and banding staining methods (Ag-NOR-, CMA3, and C-banding) evidenced a peculiar heterochromatin pattern on chromosomes of Moldovan specimens of the agile frog, Rana dalmatina. As is normal for all agile frogs, the Moldovan population presented 2n = 26 chromosomes, with NOR loci on the short arms of the third chromosome pair, but differed in showing heavy centromeric, CMA3 positive C-bands on the seventh chromosome pair, and light centromeric, DAPI positive C-bands on five chromosome pairs. In contrast, Moldovan specimens showed no significant difference in two segments of the 16S mitochondrial rRNA gene and in the S1 satellite DNA sequence and organization, in comparison with the GenBank deposited 16S rDNA and S1 DNA satellite sequences of R. dalmatina. Molecular similarity and chromosomal differences between agile frogs from Moldovan and extra-Moldovan populations are discussed.
Distribution of the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) and landscape favourability for the species in Northern Ireland
Authors: Farren Aodan , Prodöhl Paulo , Laming Peter , Reid Neil 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) is Ireland's only native reptile, forming a key part of the island's biodiversity. However, there is a general paucity of distributional and abundance data for the species. In this study, we collated incidental records for common lizard sightings to define the distribution of the species in Northern Ireland. Maximum entropy modelling was employed to describe species-habitat associations. The resulting predicted landscape favourability was used to evaluate the current status of the species based on the distribution of its maximum potential range in relation to the degree of fragmentation of remaining suitable habitat. In common with previous studies in the Republic of Ireland, sightings were highly clustered indicating under-recording, observer bias, and fragmentation of suitable habitat. A total of 98 records were collated from 1905 to 2009. The species was recorded in 63 (ca. 34%) of 186 × 10 km Northern Irish grid squares. Lizard occurrence was strongly and positively associated with landscapes dominated by heathland, bog and coastal habitats. The single best approximating model correctly classified the presence of lizards in 84.2% of cases. Upland heath, lowland raised bog and sand dune systems are all subject to Habitat Action Plans in Northern Ireland and are threatened by conversion to agriculture, afforestation, invasive species encroachment and infrastructural development. Consequently, remaining common lizard populations are likely to be small, isolated and highly fragmented. Establishment of an ecological network to preserve connectivity of remaining heath and bog will not only benefit remaining common lizard populations but biodiversity in general.
On the presence of taste buds close to the vomeronasal organs in Gekkonidae
Authors: Wöhrmann-Repenning  , Nowack Christine , Schmidt Maria 
Published: July 2010

AbstractExamination of four different species of the squamate family Gekkonidae revealed a well developed paired vomeronasal organ (VNO) in each of them. The organs display a globular or ovoid shape and are situated underneath the nasal cavity within the rostral palate. They are in contact with the oral cavity by short, laterally curved vomeronasal ducts. In all species investigated in this study taste buds were found close to the oral orifices of the ducts, embedded into the epithelium of the area in between them. These taste buds are very likely to be involved in the function of the VNO. This conclusion is supported by similar findings in various mammals.