bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Incidence of Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Young White Women, Age 18 to 44 Years
Authors: Patel Sagar C. , Carpenter William R. , Tyree Seth , Couch Marion Everett , Weissler Mark , Hackman Trevor , Hayes D. Neil , Shores Carol , Chera Bhishamjit S. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeTo evaluate the incidence of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) in young white women, age 18 to 44 years.Patients and MethodsWe analyzed incidence and survival data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute from 1975 to 2007 for OCSCC and OTSCC. Three cohorts were examined: all ages, age 18 to 44 years (ie, “young”), and age > 44 years. Individuals were stratified by sex and/or race. Percentage change (PC) and annual percentage change (APC) were calculated. Joinpoint regression analyses were performed to examine trend differences.ResultsOverall, incidence of OCSCC was decreasing for all ages. However, incidence was increasing for young white women (PC, 34.8; APC, 2.2; P < .05). Incidence of OTSCC was decreasing for all ages except in the age 18 to 44 years group (PC, 28.8; APC, 1.8; P < .05). Young white individuals had increasing incidence trends of OTSCC (white women: PC, 111.3; APC, 4; P < .05; young white men: PC, 43.7; APC, 1.6; P < .05). The APC of OTSCC was significantly greater in young white women compared with that in young white men (P = .007). Furthermore, incidence of SCC in all other subsites of the oral cavity was decreasing. Nonwhites had a decreasing incidence of OCSCC and OTSCC. Cause-specific survival was similar among whites age 18 to 44 and individuals older than age 44 years.ConclusionOTSCC is increasing among young white individuals age 18 to 44 years, particularly among white women. Young white women may be a new, emerging head and neck cancer patient population.
Surgical treatment of ingrown toenails in children: what is best practice?
Authors: Mitchell S , Jackson CR , Wilson-Storey D 
Published: March 2011

INTRODUCTION Surgery for ingrowing toenails carries a significant re-operation rate. We reviewed our departmental figures to assess the optimal management of these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a 10-year retrospective review of all patients undergoing surgery for ingrown toenails (IGTN) in order to determine the operations most commonly used and the re-operation rate of each of these procedures. RESULTS A total of 880 procedures were performed on 414 patients. The median age at operation was 8.5 years. About half (48%) of children underwent two or more procedures with wedge excision and phenol application being the most common initial and repeat procedure. Recurrent surgery was most likely following plain avulsion or wedge avulsion without phenol application. Excision of the nailbed with phenol application had the lowest recurrence rate at 18.4%. CONCLUSIONS We recommend wedge resection with phenol application as first-line treatment with simple avulsion reserved for severely infected toes. Total nail bed excisions should be reserved for patients with significant on-going morbidity associated with IGTN. Families must be made aware of the likely outcome of IGTN surgery and the choice of operation must be tailored to the individual.
Supports used for positioning of patients in hip arthroplasty: is there an infection risk?
Authors: Ahmad Riaz , Tham Ji , Naqvi Syed Ghufran Ali , Butt Umer , Dixon John 
Published: March 2011

INTRODUCTION Infection after joint arthroplasty is a disastrous complication. Implants used in hip arthroplasty increase the risk of infection from organisms of low pathogenicity. Potential reservoirs, that have not been assessed as yet, are the supports used for patient positioning in hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to assess these supports for presence of bacterial pathogens. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We studied 40 supports used in 20 hip arthroplasty procedures. Tryptone soya agar plates were used to sample these supports. All agar plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 h. RESULTS Of the 20 anterior supports, 17 (85%) showed bacterial colonisation; of the 20 posterior supports, 10 (50%) had bacterial colonisation. Fourteen (52%) supports were contaminated with one organism, 9 (33%) with two organisms, three (11%) with three organisms and one (4%) with four organisms. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common isolated organisms (61%) followed by coryneforms (10%) and bacilli (10%). Anterior supports had two times more colony forming units compared to the posterior supports. CONCLUSIONS This study showed contamination of supports used for positioning patients during hip arthroplasty. It reflects poor cleaning practice and certainly raises the possibility that a high bacterial load on these supports may contribute to higher infection rates in hip arthroplasties. The study raises concerns related to contamination of supports, as there is a potential for cross-infection, wound problems, and deep sepsis around implants which could be disastrous. While colonisation does not equate with infection, we suggest thorough cleaning of the supports before and after every surgical procedure.
Pre-operative cardiac workup after anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Is it really necessary?
Authors: Shapiro Ron , Barsuk Daphna , Segev Lior , Shimon-Paluch Shani , Berkenstadt Haim , Zippel Douglas B , Papa Moshe Z 
Published: March 2011

INTRODUCTION In patients receiving pre-operative anthracyclines for locally advanced breast cancer, early cardiotoxicity is a well-recognised complication that may interfere with surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of breast surgery after neoadjuvant treatment with Doxorubicin. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study of breast cancer patients treated with Doxorubicin as part of their neoadjuvant protocol. All patients were subsequently operated in our institution. Intra-operative and postoperative haemodynamic, cardiac or respiratory events were collected. RESULTS A total of 83 patients were included. All patients had a normal left ventricular ejection fraction before starting on chemotherapy. Doxorubicin was given in conjunction with Cyclophosphamide and Paclitaxel. The cumulative dose of Doxorubicin was 240 mg/m2. All patients completed their chemotherapy less than a year before surgery and were clinically asymptomatic. Of the patients, 2.3% displayed a significant reduction in cardiac function to meet cardiotoxicity criteria, although not clinically apparent. No complications occurred intra-operatively or postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Breast surgery can be safely performed after breast neoadjuvant chemotherapy with Doxorubicin. The risk of early cardiotoxicity does not mandate a cardiac function assessment after completion of treatment. Work-up should be individualised according to the anthracycline regimen, patient's cardiac risk factors and functional status before surgery.
The importance of pre-operative axillary ultrasound and intra-operative sentinel lymph node frozen section analysis in patients with early breast cancer – a 3-year study
Authors: Sanders Melissa M , Waheed Shamaela , Joshi Sanjay , Pogson Caroline , Ebbs Stephen R 
Published: March 2011

INTRODUCTION To ensure appropriate axillary surgery is performed at a single operation, we have sought to identify patients with involved nodes who might progress directly to axillary dissection. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated pre-operative ultrasound of the axilla and intra-operative frozen section of sentinel lymph nodes over a 3-year period. Patients with clinical early breast cancer underwent axillary ultrasound. Abnormal nodes were defined as a cortex > 2.5 mm, loss of high echogenic medulla, and morphological changes. Any axilla containing a lymph node considered abnormal had ultrasound-directed fine needle aspiration (FNA) performed. Patients with positive cytology proceeded directly to axillary dissection. Patients with negative cytology and those with normal ultrasound proceeded to sentinel four-node biopsy using Patent Blue dye alone. A single sentinel node was evaluated by intra-operative frozen section. RESULTS A total of 311 patients underwent pre-operative ultrasound successfully, identifying 115 (77%) patients of the total 150 who were found to have positive lymph nodes. Overall, 196 patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy analysis intra-operatively. Of the 11 false negative cases in which the lymph node was found to be positive postoperatively, eight cases showed the single tested sentinel node contained cancer that was recognised on postoperative staining but not frozen section. In six, the deposit in the sentinel node was a micrometastasis. Three cases were found to contain cancer in the ‘non-sentinel' node; in all, this was micrometastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the value of pre-operative ultrasound and intra-operative frozen section examination of axillary nodes. Only 3.5% of patients required two operations.
Intraoperative red blood cell salvage and autologous transfusion during open radical retropubic prostatectomy: a cost–benefit analysis
Authors: Ubee Sarvpreet , Kumar Manal , Athmanathan Nallaswami , Singh Gurpreet , Vesey Sean 
Published: March 2011

INTRODUCTION Open radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) has an average blood loss of over 1,000ml. This has been reported even from high volume centres of excellence. 1 – 4 We have looked at the clinical and financial benefits of using intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) as a method of reducing the autologous blood transfusion requirements for our RRP patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Group A comprised 25 consecutive patients who underwent RRP immediately prior to the acquisition of a cell saver machine. Group B consisted of the next 25 consecutive patients undergoing surgery using the Dideco Electa (Sorin Group, Italy) cell saver machine. Blood transfusion costs for both groups were calculated and compared. RESULTS The mean postoperative haemoglobin was similar in both groups (11.1gm/dl in Group A and 11.4gm/dl in Group B). All Group B patients received autologous blood (average 506ml, range: 103–1,023ml). In addition, 5 patients (20%) in Group B received a group total of 16 units (average 0.6 units) of homologous blood. For Group A the total cost of transfusing the 69 units of homologous blood was estimated as £9,315, based on a per blood unit cost of £135. This cost did not include consumables or nursing costs. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that autologous transfusions increased the risk of early biochemical relapse or of disease dissemination. ICS reduced our dependence on donated homologous blood.
Age, obesity and inflammation at baseline predict the effects of testosterone administration on the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Saad Farid , Haider Ahmad , Giltay Erik J. , Gooren Louis J.G. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background: Testosterone administration to hypogonadal men improves the metabolic syndrome. This study analyzed whether age, serum testosterone, body mass index/waist circumference, increment in testosterone values and C-reactive protein (CRP) predicted the outcome of testosterone administration.

Materials and methods: A total of 110 mainly elderly men, aged between 18 and 83 years (mean±SD=59.6±8.0) with baseline serum testosterone of 5.8–12.1 nmol/L (mean±SD=9.3±1.7) (n>14.0 nmol/L), received parenteral testosterone undecanoate whereupon serum testosterone normalized between 3 and 24 months.

Results: (i) The lower the baseline testosterone, the stronger the decreases in waist size and triglycerides. (ii) The greater the increment in serum testosterone, the stronger the decreases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. (iii) Older age was associated with stronger beneficial effects on waist size, glucose and all lipids, but a small negative effect on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. (iv) Obese men and men with the largest waist circumference showed the strongest declines over 2 years in weight, waist circumference and body mass index (BMI), and also in total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. Baseline BMI predicted a stronger decline in LDL cholesterol, but a smaller decline in CRP levels. (v) Higher baseline CRP predicted larger declines in levels of triglycerides, glucose and CRP. (vi) In the multivariate model, age, BMI and CRP were independent predictors of the strongest benefit of testosterone treatment on the metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions: Older men, particularly when obese with chronic low-grade inflammation benefited most of normalizing their testosterone levels, preferably if they reached mid-normal reference values.
Design and synthesis of substrate mimetics based on an indole scaffold: potential inhibitors of 17β-HSD type 1
Authors: Starčević Štefan , Božnar Polona , Turk Samo , Gobec Stanislav , Rižner Tea Lanišnik 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background: Human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) acts at a pre-receptor level. It catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of the weak estrogen estrone into the most potent estrogen estradiol, which exerts its proliferative effects via estrogen receptors. Overexpression of 17β-HSD1 in estrogen-responsive tissues is related to the development of hormone-dependent diseases, such as breast cancer and endometriosis. 17β-HSD1 thus represents an attractive target for development of new drugs.

Methods: We designed and synthesized a series of 3-, 5- and 6-phenyl indole derivatives as mimetics of the steroid substrate estrone. All of these compounds were evaluated for inhibition of recombinant human 17β-HSD1 from Escherichia coli, at concentrations of 0.6 μM and 6.0 μM.

Results: Among 14 indole derivatives, compound 9 was an initial hit inhibitor of 17β-HSD1, with moderate inhibition (64% at 6 μM). Molecular docking into the crystal structure of 17β-HSD1 (1A27) revealed that this 5-phenyl indole derivative binds to 17β-HSD1 similarly to co-crystalized E2. Compound 9 forms two H-bonds with 17β-HSD1: one between the indole nitrogen and His222, and the second between the phenolic OH group and catalytic Tyr155.

Conclusions: The indole scaffold is one of the possible starting points for the design of substrate mimetics of the steroid substrate estrone. Our study shows that these 6- and, especially, 5-phenol indole derivatives can act as moderate inhibitors of 17β-HSD1. Based on inhibition assays and docking simulations, we can infer further improvements of the 5-phenol indole derivatives that might result in better inhibition profiles.
Neurologic Outcomes at School Age in Very Preterm Infants Born With Severe or Mild Growth Restriction
Authors: Guellec Isabelle , Lapillonne Alexandre , Renolleau Sylvain , Charlaluk Marie-Laure , Roze Jean-Christophe , Marret Stéphane , Vieux Rachel , Monique Kaminski , Ancel Pierre-Yves ,   the EPIPAGE Study Group
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE:To determine whether mild and severe growth restriction at birth among preterm infants is associated with neonatal mortality and cerebral palsy and cognitive performance at 5 years of age and school performance at 8 years of age.METHODS:All 2846 live births between 24 and 32 weeks' gestation from 9 regions in France in 1997 were included in a prospective observational study (the EPIPAGE [Étude Epidémiologique sur les Petits Ages Gestationnels] study) and followed until 8 years of age. Infants were classified as “small-for-gestational-age” (SGA) if their birth weight for gestational age was at the &lt;10th centile, “mildly-small-for-gestational-age” (M-SGA) if birth weight was at the ≥10th centile and &lt;20th centile, and “appropriate-for-gestational-age” (AGA) if birth weight was at the ≥20th centile.RESULTS:Among the children born between 24 and 28 weeks' gestation, the mortality rate increased from 30% in the AGA group to 42% in the M-SGA group and to 62% in the SGA group (P &lt; .01). Birth weight was not significantly associated with any cognitive, behavioral, or motor outcomes at the age of 5 or any school performance outcomes at 8 years. For the children born between 29 and 32 weeks' gestation, SGA children had a higher risk for mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.79 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.50–5.20]), minor cognitive difficulties (aOR: 1.73 [95% CI: 1.12–2.69]), inattention-hyperactivity symptoms (aOR: 1.78 [95% CI: 1.10–2.89]), and school difficulties (aOR: 1.74 [1.07–2.82]) compared with AGA children. Being born M-SGA was associated with an increased risk for minor cognitive difficulties (aOR: 1.87 [95% CI: 1.24–2.82]) and behavioral difficulties (aOR: 1.66 [95% CI: 1.04–2.62]).CONCLUSIONS:In preterm children, growth restriction was associated with mortality, cognitive and behavioral outcomes, as well as school difficulties.
Secondhand Smoke and Adverse Fetal Outcomes in Nonsmoking Pregnant Women: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Leonardi-Bee Jo , Britton John , Venn Andrea 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the risk of adverse fetal outcomes of secondhand smoke exposure in nonsmoking pregnant women.

METHODS:
This was a systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. We searched Medline and Embase (to March 2009) and reference lists for eligible studies; no language restrictions were imposed. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using random-effect models. Our search was for epidemiologic studies of maternal exposure to secondhand smoke during pregnancy in nonsmoking pregnant women. The main outcome measures were spontaneous abortion, perinatal and neonatal death, stillbirth, and congenital malformations.

RESULTS:
We identified 19 studies that assessed the effects of secondhand smoke exposure in nonsmoking pregnant women. We found no evidence of a statistically significant effect of secondhand smoke exposure on the risk of spontaneous abortion (OR: 1.17 [95% CI: 0.88–1.54]; 6 studies). However, secondhand smoke exposure significantly increased the risk of stillbirth (OR: 1.23 [95% CI: 1.09–1.38]; 4 studies) and congenital malformation (OR: 1.13 [95% CI: 1.01–1.26]; 7 studies), although none of the associations with specific congenital abnormalities were individually significant. Secondhand smoke exposure had no significant effect on perinatal or neonatal death.

CONCLUSIONS:
Pregnant women who are exposed to secondhand smoke are estimated to be 23% more likely to experience stillbirth and 13% more likely give birth to a child with a congenital malformation. Because the timing and mechanism of this effect is not clear, it is important to prevent secondhand smoke exposure in women before and during pregnancy.
The catalogue of the palaearctic species of Lamiinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the patrimony of "Grigore Antipa" National Museum of Natural History (Bucharest) (Part V)
Authors: Serafim Rodica 
Published: March 2011

The catalogue of the palaearctic species of Lamiinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the patrimony of "Grigore Antipa" National Museum of Natural History (Bucharest) (Part V)
The catalogue presents Palaearctic Cerambycidae coleopteran species of the subfamily Lamiinae preserved in the collections of "Grigore Antipa" National Museum of Natural History of Bucharest.
Contributions to the knowledge of the herpetofauna of the Eastern Jiu and Upper Lotru drainage basins (Southern Carpathians, Romania)
Authors: Iftime Alexandru , Iftime Oana 
Published: March 2011

Contributions to the knowledge of the herpetofauna of the Eastern Jiu and Upper Lotru drainage basins (Southern Carpathians, Romania)
The results of herpetological studies in the Eastern Jiu and Upper Lotru basins in the Parâng-Lotru-Şureanu mountain massif (Hunedoara and Vâlcea counties, Romania), are presented. 16 amphibian and reptile species were identified in the field in 33 sites investigated; these are presented together with data on their habitat association and intra-specific variability.
Bird fauna long-term monitoring in the Romanian lower Prut river basin
Authors: Gache Carmen 
Published: March 2011

Bird fauna long-term monitoring in the Romanian lower Prut river basin
In the present paper, we give data on the bird' fauna's dynamic during the last 18 years in the Romanian Lower Prut River basin. This valley shelters a good level of the biodiversity being very well protected through the border status, but due the low level of the industrial development, too, despite an increasing of the human pressure in the last years. We recorded in this area some very rare breeding bird species for Romania - Platalea leucorodia, Plegadis falcinellus, Limosa limosa, Recurvirostra avosetta, Himantopus himantopus, Luscinia svecica, etc. but also some globally threatened species like Phalacrocorax pygmeus, Aythya nyroca or Crex crex. In this sector of the Prut River basin three Important Birds Areas (IBA) were delimited, all included in the "Romanian Nature 2000 Network".
The use of ground‐penetrating radar to extend the results of archaeological excavation
Authors: Utsi Erica 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the use of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) to extrapolate from data generated by a long‐term training excavation in Gloucestershire, SW England for which geophysical survey techniques including GPR had been used. Due to external circumstances beyond the control of the archaeological team, the ownership of the site changed hands and all excavation and associated investigation had to cease. However, an adjacent landowner granted permission for a GPR survey across his land. These latest GPR survey results have been used to supplement the excavation results, significantly extending the information available to the archaeological team. The data demonstrate the accuracy with which GPR data can be matched to excavation data and the improvement in target definition possible with reduction of transect spacing. The impact of some of this information is still being evaluated.
Natural IgM Is Required for Suppression of Inflammatory Arthritis by Apoptotic Cells
Authors: Notley Clare A. , Brown Mark A. , Wright Graham P. , Ehrenstein Michael R. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The clearance of dying cells is vital for re-establishing tolerance during inflammation and has potent immunoregulatory consequences. Because natural IgM plays a key role in the removal of apoptotic cells, we investigated whether the immune modulatory properties of apoptotic cells depended on its presence. Using an Ab-independent, Ag-induced model of inflammatory arthritis, we tested whether natural IgM is essential for the arthritis-suppressing properties of apoptotic cells. Whereas administration of apoptotic cells reduced joint inflammation and damage in normal mice accompanied by suppression of the Th17 response, no protection was afforded in secreted IgM-deficient (Sμ–) mice. The enhanced production of IL-10 by T cells from draining lymph nodes and splenic marginal zone B cells, driven by the infusion of apoptotic cells, was abrogated in the absence of natural IgM. Apoptotic cells were present shortly after administration in the splenic marginal zone, but their removal was substantially delayed in the absence of natural IgM. Incubation of apoptotic cells with natural IgM in vitro restored their arthritis-suppressing properties in Sμ– mice. Moreover, these IgM-coated apoptotic cells were cleared rapidly after injection from the spleens of Sμ– mice. Our results demonstrate that natural IgM is a critical factor in a chain of events triggered by the administration of apoptotic cells that promote IL-10–secreting B and T cells and restrain the development of inflammation.