bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ipriflavone pharmacokinetics in mutant Nagase analbuminemic rats
Authors: Chung Hye J. , Kang Hee E. , Yang Kyung H. , Kim Sung Y. , Lee Myung G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIpriflavone, a derivative of naturally occurring isoflavones, was primarily metabolized in rats via hepatic CYP1A1/2 and 2C11. Protein and mRNA expression of CYP1A2 in the liver, reported to be increased in mutant Nagase analbuminemic rats (NARs), should influence the pharmacokinetic parameters of ipriflavone. In this study, the contribution of hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal CYP1A protein to the metabolism and the pharmacokinetic parameters of ipriflavone were examined after intravenous (20 mg/kg) and oral (200 mg/kg) administration to male Sprague–Dawley (control) rats and NARs. There was no change in the protein expression of hepatic CYP2C11. By contrast, CYP1A protein of the intestine increased by almost 100%. After the intravenous administration of ipriflavone to NARs, theClnrandAUCwere unchanged, suggesting that the contribution of the increase in protein expression and mRNA level of hepatic CYP1A2 to hepatic metabolism of the drug in NARs seemed to be almost negligible. However, after the oral administration of ipriflavone to NARs, theAUCwas significantly lower than that in the control rats (53.0% decrease), possibly due to the increased intestinal CYP1A that resulted in increased intestinal metabolism and decreased gastrointestinal absorption of ipriflavone in NARs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Concordance Index C and the Mann–Whitney Parameter Pr(X>Y) with Randomly Censored Data
Authors: Koziol James A. , Jia Zhenyu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHarrell's c‐index or concordance C has been widely used as a measure of separation of two survival distributions. In the absence of censored data, the c‐index estimates the Mann–Whitney parameter Pr(X>Y), which has been repeatedly utilized in various statistical contexts. In the presence of randomly censored data, the c‐index no longer estimates Pr(X>Y); rather, a parameter that involves the underlying censoring distributions. This is in contrast to Efron's maximum likelihood estimator of the Mann–Whitney parameter, which is recommended in the setting of random censorship.
Robot-assisted thoracoscopic oesophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Boone J , Schipper M E I , Moojen W A , Borel Rinkes I H M , Cromheecke G J E , van Hillegersberg R 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Background
Thoracoscopic oesophagectomy was introduced to reduce the morbidity of transthoracic oesophagectomy. The aim was to assess the short- and mid-term results of robot-assisted thoracoscopic oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer.

Methods
Between October 2003 and May 2007, 47 patients with resectable oesophageal cancer underwent robot-assisted thoracoscopic oesophagectomy. Clinical data were collected prospectively.

Results
Conversion to thoracotomy was necessary in seven patients. Median operating time was 450 min and median blood loss 625 ml. Median postoperative ventilation time was 1 day, intensive care stay 3 days and hospital stay 18 days. Twenty-one of 47 patients had pulmonary complications. Three patients died in hospital. A median of 29 (range 8–68) lymph nodes was dissected and R0 resection was achieved in 36 patients. Twenty-three patients had stage IVa disease. After a median follow-up of 35 months, median disease-free survival was 15 (95 per cent confidence interval 12 to 18) months.

Conclusion
Robot-assisted thoracoscopic oesophagectomy was oncologically acceptable. Operating time, blood loss and pulmonary complications might decrease with further experience.
A simple and rapid method to assess lycopene in multiple layers of skin samples
Authors: Lopes Luciana B. , Reed Rachel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTopical application of lycopene is a convenient way to restore antioxidants depleted from the skin by UV radiation and achieve protection against premature aging and cancer. In this study, a simple, rapid and reproducible method to quantify lycopene in different skin layers was developed, validated and employed to assess this compound after skin penetration studies. Lycopene was extracted from the stratum corneum (SC) and viable epidermis and dermis (ED) by vortex homogenization and bath sonication in a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol (52:48, v/v). Lycopene was assayed by HPLC using a C18 column, and acetonitrile:methanol (52:48, v/v) as mobile phase. The quantification limit of lycopene in samples of SC and ED was 35 ng/mL and the assay was linear from 35 to 2000 ng/mL. Within‐day and between‐days assays coefficients of variation and relative errors (indicative of precision and accuracy) were less than 15% (or 20% for the limit of quantification). Lycopene recovery from SC and ED was dependent on the spiked concentration: for 50 ng/mL, recoveries were 88.3 and 90.5%; for 100–1000 ng/mL, recoveries were 68.6–74.9%. This method has a potential application for lycopene quantification during formulation development and evaluation in the dermatological field. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of an efficient strategy based on MAE, HPLC‐DAD‐MS/MS and HSCCC for the rapid extraction, identification, separation and purification of flavonoids from Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
Authors: Wang Chen , Pan Yaju , Fan Guorong , Chai Yifeng , Wu Yutian 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study presents an efficient strategy based on microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE), HPLC‐DAD‐MS/MS and high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC) for the rapid extraction, identification, separation and purification of active components from the traditional Chinese medicine Fructus Aurantii Immaturus. An LC‐DAD‐MS/MS method was applied for the screening and structural identification of main components in crude extract, and five components were preliminarily identified as neoeriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin according to their UV and mass spectra. An efficient MAE method for the extraction of the three most abundant components (narirutin, naringin and neohesperidin) was optimized by the combination of univariate and multivariate approaches. The crude extract was then separated and purified by HSCCC and a total of 61.6 mg of narirutin, 207.3 mg of naringin and 159.5 mg of neohesperidin at high purities of 98.1, 97.2 and 99.5%, respectively, were obtained from 1.42 g of crude extract. The recoveries of these compounds were 86, 93 and 89%, respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of betulin derivatives and the determination of their relative lipophilicities using reversed‐phase thin‐layer chromatography
Authors: Achrem‐Achremowicz Jacek , Kępczyńska Elżbieta , Żylewski Marek , Janeczko Zbigniew 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA series of superlipophilic or highly lipophilic semisynthetic betulin derivatives was prepared and their relative lipophilicity was measured by reversed‐phase thin‐layer chromatography (RP‐TLC) at different pH values using 1,4‐dioxane–acetate buffer mixtures as mobile phases. Cholesterol, 17β‐estradiol and pure betulin were used as the reference compounds. Linear relationships were found between RM values and 1,4‐dioxane concentrations in the mobile phases. LogP values were also calculated with computer programs ACD/LogP (ChemSketch 11.0, Advanced Chemistry Development Inc.) and ClogP (Daylight Chemical Information Systems Inc.). The empirical and theoretical data were compared, and the RM0 values correlated well with logP. Two of the synthesized betulin derivatives are reported for the first time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring a correctional mental health care system: the role of the mental health expert
Authors: Metzner Jeffrey L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractClass action litigation has been instrumental in jail and prison reform over the past four decades. This article provides a very brief introduction underlying the legal basis for such litigation. It focuses on the role of the mental health expert in monitoring a correctional mental health care system as a result of class action litigation including issues related to selection of the expert, development of the remedial plan, and monitoring of the implementation of the remedial plan. The importance of policies and procedures and a quality improvement process is emphasized. Essential elements of the monitoring process, prior to and during the site assessment, are described. Inmates and correctional staff alike have benefited substantially from such litigation in the form of increased resources and positive changes in institutional culture. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The need of considering the interactions in the analysis of screening designs
Authors: Phoa Frederick K. H. , Wong Weng Kee , Xu Hongquan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFractional factorial designs are widely used experimental plans for identifying important factors in screening studies where many factors are involved. Traditionally, Plackett–Burman (PB) and related designs are employed in such studies because of their cost efficiencies. The caveat with the use of PB designs is that interactions among factors are implicitly assumed to be non‐existent. However, there are many practical situations where some interactions are significant and ignoring them can result in wrong statistical inferences, including biased estimates, missing out on important factors, and detection of spurious factors. We reanalyze data for three chemical experiments using the Hamada and Wu's method and showed that we are able to identify significant interactions in each of these chemical experiments and improve the overall fit of the model. In addition, we analyze the data using a Bayesian approach that confirms our findings. In both approaches, graphical tools are employed along with easily available software for analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient PTT‐Mediated Synthesis of α‐Azidoketones in [bmim][BF4] Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Kumar Anil , Ahmed Israr , Rao M. Sudershan , Patel Gautam , Kumar Dalip 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Produktdesign disperser Stoffe: Emulsionen für die kosmetische Industrie
Authors: Rähse W. , Dicoi O. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractZur täglichen Pflege gesunder Haut werden kosmetische Cremes und Lotionen eingesetzt. Die Emulsionen enthalten wasser‐ und öllösliche Wirkstoffe, die zur Verbesserung der Hautstruktur beitragen, Feuchtigkeit und Lipide ergänzen sowie physiologische Vorgänge und hauteigene Möglichkeiten der Regeneration unterstützen. Ihr Produktdesign lässt sich während der Entwicklung über die Rezeptur und über die Technologie einstellen. Die Optimierung erfolgt mittels anwendungstechnischer Tests und wird abgeschlossen durch Studien an Probanden zur Beurteilung des Hautzustandes vor und nach Anwendung des Hautpflegemittels. An zwei Beispielen für Cosmeceuticals (Wirkkosmetika) – zum einen eine „normale”︁ o/w‐Emulsion mit Tropfengrößen im μm‐Bereich und zum anderen eine Nanoemulsion (d50 = 120 nm) – erfolgt eine Beschreibung der Produktgestaltung sowie der technischen Herstellung im Batch‐Homogenisierbehälter bzw. im Hochdruckhomogenisator. Natürliche Öle als Flüssigkeit oder in Form von Nanotröpfchen dringen in einigen Minuten, nachweisbar in vivo mit der NMR‐Spektroskopie, über die Lipidphase des Stratum corneums in die Epidermis und Dermis bis in die Subcutis ein. So sind mit heutiger Technik im gesamten Hautbereich über Stunden positive Wirkungen zu erzielen.
Monitoring and assuring quality: The role of consumer satisfaction
Authors: Stallard Paul 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA consumer satisfaction survey of a child and adolescent psychology service (1990) resulted in the identification of four targets for improvement. The survey was repeated in 1993 resulting in increased rates of satisfaction being obtained for each of the four selected quality improvement targets although only one reached statistical significance. There was a deterioration in satisfaction with other areas of the service with significant reductions being reported with the length of wait before first appointment, interval between appointments, and total number of appointments offered. This reflects activity data which demonstrated a 30% increase in new referrals. The results suggest that consumer satisfaction measures are sensitive to both planned and unplanned changes in service delivery and that repeated surveys can be used to assure and monitor service quality.
Meta‐analysis on the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia: Review and re‐examination
Authors: van Balkom Anton J. L. M. , Nauta Mary C. E. , Bakker Abraham 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFrom three meta‐analyses on treatment outcome in panic disorder with agoraphobia, method, results and conclusions were reviewed. The meta‐analyses differed in methods used and conclusions derived. The conclusions conflicted on the relative efficacy of treatment with antidepressants, high‐potency benzodiazepines, psychological panic management, exposure in vivo and combination treatments. These conflicting findings can be caused by confounding variables, present in ‘between‐study’ comparisons. In ‘within‐study’ comparison, so‐called ‘same experiment studies’, these confounding variables are controlled for. Therefore, the literature was reviewed for same experiment studies. The differential efficacy of treatments compared within 25 identified same experiment studies was evaluated by calculating the effect size d between the treatments. Antidepressants and high‐potency benzodiazepines were equally effective. The comparison between these drugs and psychological panic management remained inconclusive. Exposure in vivo was superior to psychopharmacological and psychological panic management. The efficacy of exposure in vivo was not enlarged by the addition of psychological panic management. There was some evidence that the addition of psychopharmacological drugs to exposure in vivo enlarged the efficacy of the latter. This observation must be investigated more systematically.
Stress control: A controlled comparative investigation of large group therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Process of change
Authors: White Jim , Brooks Neil , Keenan Mary 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOne hundred and nine patients with a primary diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) were allocated to either cognitive, behavioural, cognitive‐behavioural or placebo versions of Stress Control large group didactic group therapy or to a waiting list condition. In a previous study (White et al., 1992), few differences emerged between the four therapy conditions and all showed significant change when compared to the waiting list. The present study looked at the process of change. Results show evidence of an initial deterioration in cognitive therapy and, when cognitive techniques are taught, deterioration in cognitive‐behaviour therapy on some measures. The placebo condition shows marked improvement over the first half of therapy (generally outstripping the other therapies) with this change being whittled away to some degree over the second half of the treatment. There is no evidence suggesting that cognitive therapy/behaviour therapy leads to initial changes in cognitive symptoms/behavioural symptoms. Possible non‐specific explanations for these findings are discussed.
Biopsychosocial approaches and evolutionary theory as aids to integration in clinical psychology and psychotherapy
Authors: Gilbert Paul 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper explores the problem of fragmentation in clinical psychology. It is suggested that this is due to the nature of clinical psychology with its multitude of different concerns, ranging from the cultural to the physiological. To help us become more integrative we could more formally adopt the biopsychosocial approach which explicitly asks the clinician and theorist to focus on the interactionsbetweenvarious levels. This paper also argues that the biopsychosocial approach could be informed by evolutionary theory because this theory provides possible explanations of why certain developmental and social contexts can so powerfully impact on physiology. An evolutionary psychology relevant to clinical psychology can focus on the archetypal nature of human experience, be helpful in exploring therapeutic issues, and avoid some of the reductionist aspects of sociobiology.
Psychosocial factors related to long‐term survival with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Ironson Gail , Solomon George , Cruess Dean , Barroso Julie , Stivers Margaret 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOnly a few studies of long‐term survivors of AIDS (those who survive more than twice the median expected time) have been done but these reveal a constellation of psychological characteristics including, but not limited to, those with active coping, social support, life involvement, ability to communicate, and active collaboration with one's doctor. Another related literature consists of longitudinal studies following people infected with the HIV virus to determine whether psychological characteristics are related to disease progression. These studies have focused on coping, depression, negative expectancies and social support as predictors. This article reviews and integrates the two bodies of literature combining the variables identified into four psychosocial strategies related to longer survival with HIV/AIDS: following healthy self care; maintaining connectedness; having a sense of meaning or purpose in life; and maintaining perspective. Affect, beliefs, and behaviour are all seen as important. Biological variables, SES and psychological resources that the person brings to the situation and external stresses are seen as important variables to consider in prediction studies. The pathways through which these four strategies may operate (both psychological and biological) to impact on health are discussed. Psychological pathways include distress and behavioural disengagement, while biological pathways involve the sympathetic nervous system, neuroendocrine and immune mediation. Finally suggestions for future research are given.
A critical analysis of morbid fear of HIV/AIDS
Authors: Scragg Peter 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDespite repeated negative HIV test results some individuals continue to fear that they have been infected. This paper presents a review of the psychopathology of such individuals and addresses the problem of the diagnostic confusion. It is argued that some individuals with this persistent fear of HIV show features akin to both hypochondriasis and obsessive‐compulsive disorder. A functional analysis is presented to guide the clinician in understanding this problem.
Low‐voltage high‐performance current mirrors: Application to linear voltage‐to‐current converter
Authors: Hassen Néjib , Gabbouj Houda Bdiri , Besbes Kamel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCurrent mirror is one of the basic building blocks of analog VLSI systems. For high‐performance analog circuit applications, the accuracy and bandwidth are the most important parameters to determine the performance of the current mirror. This paper presents an efficient implementation of a CMOS current mirror suitable for low‐voltage applications. This circuit combines a shunt input feedback, a regulated cascade output and a differential amplifier to achieve low input resistance, high accuracy and high output resistance. A comparison of several architectures of this scheme based on different architectures of the amplifier is presented. The comparison includes: input impedance, output impedance, accuracy, frequency response and settling time response. These circuits are validated with simulation in 0.18µm CMOS TSMC of MOSIS. In this paper, a linear voltage to current converter, based on the adapted current mirror, is proposed. Its static and dynamic behaviour is presented and validated with the same technology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An analytical model for the performance evaluation of stack‐based Web cache replacement algorithms
Authors: Messaoud S. , Youssef H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWeb caching has been the solution of choice to web latency problems. The efficiency of a Web cache is strongly affected by the replacement algorithm used to decide which objects to evict once the cache is saturated. Numerous web cache replacement algorithms have appeared in the literature. Despite their diversity, a large number of them belong to a class known as stack‐based algorithms. These algorithms are evaluated mainly via trace‐driven simulation. The very few analytical models reported in the literature were targeted at one particular replacement algorithm, namely least recently used (LRU) or least frequently used (LFU). Further they provide a formula for the evaluation of the Hit Ratio only. The main contribution of this paper is an analytical model for the performance evaluation of any stack‐based web cache replacement algorithm. The model provides formulae for the prediction of the object Hit Ratio, the byte Hit Ratio, and the delay saving ratio. The model is validated against extensive discrete event trace‐driven simulations of the three popular stack‐based algorithms, LRU, LFU, and SIZE, using NLANR and DEC traces. Results show that the analytical model achieves very good accuracy. The mean error deviation between analytical and simulation results is at most 6% for LRU, 6% for the LFU, and 10% for the SIZE stack‐based algorithms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construct a power‐efficient and space‐reuse‐effective dominating set using small‐world model in mobilead hocnetworks
Authors: Li Jung‐Shian , Lin Yi‐Ting , Liu Tien‐He 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we proposed a novel distributed power management and clustering scheme for a large scale ofad hocnetworks. An inappropriate transmission power leads to high power consumption and interference, thus we introduce a power management and clustering scheme to maintain coverage and to minimize interference using the small world model that provides a good starting point to sustain connectivity. This scheme reduces number of relay nodes and relay packets by constructing the virtual backbone with clusters. Our proposed scheme divided a large contention domain into small ones. Owing to power management for each node, space reuse is effective. Furthermore, the power consumption is obviously reduced by our proposed scheme. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MMP induced by Gr‐1+ cells are crucial for recruitment of Th cells into the airways
Authors: Jung Yong Woo , Zindl Carlene L. , Lai Jen‐Feng , Weaver Casey T. , Chaplin David D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTh2 lymphocytes deliver essential signals for induction of asthmatic airway inflammation. We previously found that airway antigen challenge induces recruitment of Gr‐1+ neutrophils prior to the recruitment of Th2 cells. We examined, therefore, whether Gr‐1+ cells contribute to the development of Th2‐dependent airway inflammation. Systemic depletion of Gr‐1+ cells using the RB6‐8C5 monoclonal antibody reduced Th2 cell recruitment following i.n. antigen challenge. The levels of both MMP‐9 and the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases‐1 mRNA were up‐regulated in the lungs of mice 12 h after i.n. antigen challenge. Up‐regulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases‐1 was independent of Gr‐1+ cells, whereas up‐regulation of MMP‐9 RNA and total gelatinolytic activity was dramatically reduced in mice depleted of Gr‐1+ cells. At 24 h after challenge, total lung collagenolytic activity was also up‐regulated, in a Gr‐1+ cell‐dependent fashion. Systemic inhibition of MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 reduced the airway recruitment of Th cells, resulting in significantly reduced eosinophilic inflammation. These data suggest that antigen challenge via the airway activates Gr‐1+ cells and consequently MMP to facilitate the recruitment of Th cells in the airway inflammatory response.