bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigations and Modeling of Direct Internal Reforming of Biogases in Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Lanzini A. , Leone P. , Pieroni M. , Santarelli M. , Beretta D. , Ginocchio S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBiogas‐fed Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) systems can be considered as interesting integrated systems in the framework of distributed power generation. In particular, bio‐methane and bio‐hydrogen produced from anaerobic digestion of organic wastes represent renewable carbon‐neutral fuels for high efficiency electrochemical generators.With such non‐conventional mixtures fed to the anode of the SOFC, the interest lies in understanding the multi‐physics phenomena there occurring and optimizing the geometric and operation parameters of the SOFC, while avoiding operating and fuel conditions that can lead to or accelerate degradation processes.In this study, an anode‐supported (Ni‐YSZ) tubular SOFC was considered; the tubular geometry enables a relatively easy separation of the air and fuel reactants and it allows one to evaluate the temperature field of the fuel gas inside the tube, which is strictly related to the electrochemical and heterogeneous chemical reactions occurring within the anode volume.The experiments have been designed to analyze the behavior of the cell under different load and fuel utilization (FU) conditions, providing efficiency maps for both fuels.The experimental results were used to validate a multi‐physics model of the tubular cell. The model showed to be in good agreement with the experimental data, and was used to study the sensitive of some selected geometrical parameters modification over the cell performances.
Development and validation according to European Union Decision 2002/657/EC of an HPLC‐DAD method for milk multi‐residue analysis of penicillins and amphenicols based on dispersive extraction by QuEChERS in MSPD format
Authors: Karageorgou Eftichia G. , Samanidou Victoria F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA precise and reliable method for milk residue analysis regarding five penicillins and three amphenicols by HPLC‐diode array detection has been developed herein. The chromatographic separation was performed using a mobile phase of CH3COONH4 (0.05 M) and ACN delivered by gradient program on a Kinetex™‐C18 core‐shell, 2.6 μm column, starting at a volume ratio of 95:5 and ending at 60:40 after 17 min, remaining stable for 3 more min. A modified matrix solid phase dispersion procedure was applied for the extraction and clean‐up procedure of antibiotics using a mixture of Strata by Phenomenex and QuEChERS as a sorbent. The method was validated at the respective 0.5× MRL, MRL and 1.5 ×MRL level for each compound. Results were quantitated against the internal standard paracetamol (2 ng/μL) according to the matrix‐matched approach. The method was validated in line with the EC guidelines as cited in the Decision 2002/657/EC. The within‐laboratory reproducibility, expressed as a RSD, never exceeded 16%. All decision limit (CCα) values lay in the range between 35.2 and 56.3 μg/kg and the corresponding results for detection capability (CCβ) were 39.9 and 61.9 μg/kg. Ruggedness was estimated according to the Youden approach.
Polysulfone/Pyrene Membranes: A New Microwell Assay Platform for Bioapplications
Authors: Karadag Murat , Yilmaz Gorkem , Toiserkani Hojjat , Demirkol Dilek Odaci , Sakarya Serhan , Torun Lokman , Timur Suna , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe use of PSU‐Py prepared by click chemistry as a platform in membrane‐bottom microwell plates for oxidase and hydrolase/oxidase‐based enzyme assays is studied. For the GOx assay, the postulated fluorescence mechanism is based on the consumption of glucose by dissolved oxygen and GOx in the microwell plates covered with the PSU‐Py membrane. For the AG‐GOx assay, maltose is used as AG substrate and hydrolyzed to glucose which is then oxidized by the GOx activity. It is shown that the PSU‐Py membrane acts as a fluorescence indicator of the enzymatic reactions, and both GOx and AG/GOx enzyme assays are successfully applied for glucose, maltose and acorbose analysis in the range 0.125–2.0 × 10−3 M glucose, 0.05–0.5 × 10−3 M maltose, and 0.0125–0.1 mg · mL−1 acorbose, respectively.magnified image
Functionalization of Nanofibrillated Cellulose with Silver Nanoclusters: Fluorescence and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Díez Isabel , Eronen Paula , Österberg Monika , Linder Markus B. , Ikkala Olli , Ras Robin H. A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNative cellulose nanofibers are functionalized using luminescent metal nanoclusters to form a novel type of functional nanocellulose/nanocluster composite. Previously, various types of cellulose fibers have been functionalized with large, non‐luminescent metal nanoparticles. Here, mechanically strong native cellulose nanofibers, also called nanofibrillatedcellulose (NFC), microfibrillatedcellulose (MFC) ornanocellulose, disintegrated from macroscopic cellulose pulp fibers are used as support for small and fluorescent silver nanoclusters. The functionalization occurs in a supramolecular manner, mediated by poly(methacrylic acid) that protects nanoclusters while it allows hydrogen bonding with cellulose, leading to composites with fluorescence and antibacterial activity.magnified image
In situ Production of Polystyrene Magnetic Nanocomposites through a Batch Suspension Polymerization Process
Authors: Neves Juliete S. , de Souza Fernando G. , Suarez Paulo A. Z. , Umpierre Alexandre P. , Machado Fabricio 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis work presents the synthesis of micro‐sized polystyrene magnetic beads by in situ incorporation of oleic acid‐modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles via a suspension polymerization process. Fe3O4 nanoparticles with superparamagnetic characteristics were obtained through a coprecipitation technique. These particles present an average diameter equal to 7.4 ± 4.6 nm, as determined by AFM. This result is in agreement with the crystallite size of single domains calculated by using Scherrer's equation, which was equal to 7.7 nm, based on XRD measurements. The obtained materials were also studied using TGA. The weight loss behavior was independent of the Fe3O4 content and the stability to the thermal degradation was also not improved by magnetic nanoparticles present in the composite. Polystyrene/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites exhibited the same diffraction peaks observed in the pure Fe3O4, which indicates that nanoparticles inside the composites preserved the structure and properties of pure Fe3O4. It was also shown that nanosized polystyrene particles, dispersed in the aqueous phase, are obtained due to the stabilization effect of the oleic acid on the styrene droplets. A cross‐section of polystyrene magnetic particles showed empty spherical regions, attributed to the encapsulation of water microdroplets during the polymerization reaction. The obtained polymeric materials also presented good magnetic behavior, indicating that the modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully dispersed in the polystyrene particles.magnified image
Auf der Spur der chemischen Sprache der Tiere
Authors: Schulz Stefan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDie Pheromonforschung ist ein interdisziplinär geprägtes Gebiet: Es geht darum, Pheromone zu identifizieren und zu synthetisieren, Biosynthesewege aufzuklären und die Pheromonperzeption bis hin zur Signalverarbeitung zu verstehen. Dazu kommt die Frage, wie sich Pheromone im Pflanzenschutz, in der Medizin und der Tiermedizin anwenden lassen.
Vielseitige Nanofaserstrukturen durch Elektrospinnen
Authors: Wendorff Joachim H. , Agarwal Seema , Greiner Andreas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBiologische Systeme wie die extrazelluläre Matrix enthalten feinste Fasern mit Durchmessern von wenigen Nanometern. Auch künstlich hergestellte Polymere, Metallstrukturen, Metalloxide, Biomaterialien und Composite sollten in Form derartig feiner Fasern deutlich an Komplexizität und damit an Funktionalität gewinnen. Besonders in den letzten zehn Jahren gelang es immer besser, Polymere aus Polymernanofasern unterschiedlicher Dimensionen und Formen durch Elektrospinnen herzustellen.
Gerüche detektieren und bewerten
Authors: Conrad Thorsten , Fricke Thomas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractGerüche sind ein Qualitätsmerkmal, gerade bei Pharma‐ oder Lebensmittelverpackungen, bei Kleidung oder bei Neuwagen. Empfindliche künstliche Nasen sind daher Werkzeuge für die Qualitätskontrolle.
Kein langweiliger 9‐to‐5‐Job
Authors: Eckensberger David 
Published: July 2011

AbstractViele Chemieabsolventen schauen nur auf Großunternehmen, wenn sie an ihre Karriere denken. Dabei gibt es gute Gründe, sich für ein kleines oder mittelständisches Unternehmen zu entscheiden, auch wenn man sich wie Nachrichten‐Autor David Eckensberger für einen Einstieg in die Unternehmensberatung entscheidet.
Wissenschaftsforum für Berufseinsteiger
Authors: Schmitz Karin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractUnternehmen und Organisationen präsentieren sich beim GDCh‐Wissenschaftsforum Chemie am 6. September in Bremen, um Nachwuchswissenschaftlern die beruflichen Perspektiven in ihren Unternehmen vorzustellen oder sie über ihre Serviceleistungen zu informieren. Bereits am Tag davor, am 5. September, startet das Begleitprogramm zur Jobbörse mit einer Veranstaltung zu Stipendien und Auslandsaufenthalten.
Fakten und Trends: Chemiestudiengänge 2010
Authors: Schmitz Karin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWie jedes Jahr hat die Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker auch 2010 umfangreiche statistische Daten zu den Chemiestudiengängen erhoben. Danach ist die Zahl der Anfänger ebenso wie die der promovierten Absolventen gegenüber den Vorjahren angestiegen. Fast alle Bachelorabsolventen an Universitäten und etwa die Hälfte an Fachhochschulen schlossen ein Masterstudium an und rund 90 Prozent der Diplom‐ oder Masterabsolventen an Universitäten begannen eine Promotion. Die Auswirkungen der Wirtschaftskrise zeigten sich 2010 wie im Vorjahr dadurch, dass mehr zunächst befristete Arbeitsverhältnisse abgeschlossen wurden als in den Vorjahren. Alle Daten sind unter www.gdch.de/statistik veröffentlicht.
Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesviral IL‐6 and human IL‐6 open reading frames contain miRNA binding sites and are subject to cellular miRNA regulation
Authors: Kang Jeong‐Gu , Majerciak Vladimir , Uldrick Thomas S , Wang Xiaohong , Kruhlak Michael , Yarchoan Robert , Zheng Zhi‐Ming 
Published: July 2011

AbstractKaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes a viral interleukin 6 (vIL‐6) that mimics many activities of human IL‐6 (hIL‐6). Both vIL‐6 and hIL‐6 play important roles in stimulating the proliferation of tumours caused by KSHV. Here, we provide evidence that a miRNA pathway is involved in regulation of vIL‐6 and hIL‐6 expression through binding sites in their open reading frames (ORFs). We show a direct repression of vIL‐6 by hsa‐miR‐1293 and hIL‐6 by hsa‐miR‐608. The repression of vIL‐6 by miR‐1293 was reversed by disruption of the vIL‐6 miR‐1293 seed match through the introduction of point mutations. In addition, expression of vIL‐6 or hIL‐6 in KSHV‐infected cells could be enhanced by transfection of the respective miRNA inhibitors. In situ hybridization of human lymph node sections revealed that miR‐1293 is primarily expressed in the germinal centre but is deficient in the mantle zone of lymph nodes, where the expression of vIL‐6 is often found in patients with KSHV‐associated multicentric Castleman's disease, providing evidence of an anatomical correlation. Taking these factors together, our study indicates that IL‐6 expression can be regulated by miRNA interactions in its ORF and provides evidence for the role of these interactions in the pathogenesis of KSHV‐associated diseases. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photovoltaics literature survey (no. 87)
Authors: Shrestha Santosh 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn order to help keep readers up‐to‐date in the field each issue of Progress in Photovoltaics will contain a list of recently published journal articles most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, including IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Journal of Applied Physics, Applied Physics Letters, Progress in Photovoltaics and Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. To assist the reader, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. If you have any suggestions please email Santosh at s.shrestha@unsw.edu.au
Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 38)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Emery Keith , Hishikawa Yoshihiro , Warta Wilhelm , Dunlop Ewan D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since January, 2011 are reviewed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic profiling of two maize inbreds during early gibberella ear rot infection
Authors: Mohammadi Mohsen , Anoop Valar , Gleddie Steve , Harris Linda J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFusarium graminearum is the causal agent of gibberella ear rot in maize ears, resulting in yield losses due to mouldy and mycotoxin‐contaminated grain. This study represents a global proteomic approach to document the early infection by F. graminearum of two maize inbreds, B73 and CO441, which differ in disease susceptibility. Mock‐ and F. graminearum‐treated developing kernels were sampled 48 h post‐inoculation over three field seasons. Infected B73 kernels consistently contained higher concentrations of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol than the kernels of the more tolerant inbred CO441. A total of 2067 maize proteins were identified in the iTRAQ analysis of extracted kernel proteins at a 99% confidence level. A subset of 878 proteins was identified in at least two biological replicates and exhibited statistically significantly altered expression between treatments and/or the two inbred lines of which 96 proteins exhibited changes in abundance >1.5‐fold in at least one of the treatments. Many proteins associated with the defense response were more abundant after infection, including PR‐10 (PR, pathogenesis‐related), chitinases, xylanase inhibitors, proteinase inhibitors, and a class III peroxidase. Kernels of the tolerant inbred CO441 contained higher levels of these defense‐related proteins than B73 kernels even after mock treatment, suggesting that these proteins may provide a basal defense against Fusarium infection in CO441.
Improved device performance in nonpolar a ‐plane GaN LEDs using a Ni/Al/Ni/Au n‐type ohmic contact
Authors: Kim Dong Ho , Kim Su Jin , Kim Seung Hwan , Jeong Tak , Hwang Sung Min , Kim Tae Geun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe authors report upon the increased light‐output power (Pout) via a reduction in the forward voltage (Vf) for nonpolar a ‐plane GaN LEDs using Ni/Al/Ni/Au n‐type ohmic contacts. The specific contact resistivity of the Ni/Al/Ni/Au contact is found to be as low as 5.6 × 10–5 whereas that of a typical Ti/Al/Ni/Au contact is 6.8 × 10–4 Ω cm2, after annealing at 700 °C. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that the upward surface band bending is less pronounced for the Ni/Al contact compared to the Ti/Al contact, leading to a decrease in the effective Schottky barrier height (SBH). The Vf of the nonpolar LEDs decreases by 10% and Pout increases by 15% when the Ni/Al/Ni/Au scheme is used instead of the typical Ti/Al/Ni/Au metal scheme. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The association between health care professional attitudes and beliefs and the attitudes and beliefs, clinical management, and outcomes of patients with low back pain: A systematic review
Authors: Darlow B. , Fullen B.M. , Dean S. , Hurley D.A. , Baxter G.D. , Dowell A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundIt has been suggested that health care professional (HCP) attitudes and beliefs may negatively influence the beliefs of patients with low back pain (LBP), but this has not been systematically reviewed. This review aimed to investigate the association between HCP attitudes and beliefs and the attitudes and beliefs, clinical management, and outcomes of this patient population.MethodsElectronic databases were systematically searched for all types of studies. Studies were selected by predefined inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was appraised and strength of evidence was determined.ResultsSeventeen studies from eight countries which investigated the attitudes and beliefs of general practitioners, physiotherapists, chiropractors, rheumatologists, orthopaedic surgeons and other paramedical therapists were included. There is strong evidence that HCP beliefs about back pain are associated with the beliefs of their patients. There is moderate evidence that HCPs with a biomedical orientation or elevated fear avoidance beliefs are more likely to advise patients to limit work and physical activities, and are less likely to adhere to treatment guidelines. There is moderate evidence that HCP attitudes and beliefs are associated with patient education and bed rest recommendations. There is moderate evidence that HCP fear avoidance beliefs are associated with reported sick leave prescription and that a biomedical orientation is not associated with the number of sickness certificates issued for LBP. Conclusion: HCPs need to be aware of the association between their attitudes and beliefs and the attitudes and beliefs and clinical management of their patients with LBP.
UrbanGuajiros: ColonialReconcentración, Rural Displacement and Criminalisation in Western Cuba, 1895–1902
Authors: GARCÍA GUADALUPE 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis essay examines the Spanishreconcentraciónof Cuban peasants during the final war of independence. It argues that the forced relocation of the rural population produced negative associations between Cubanguajirosand blackness, criminality and disease that furthered the political interests of the Cuban, Spanish and US militaries. The essay also highlights how the US military occupation that followed independence reinforced the criminalisation of the guajiro and organised existing urban and rural divisions in Cuba.
RomanExemplaand Situation Ethics: Valerius Maximus and Cicerode Officiis
Authors: Langlands Rebecca 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWhen readingexemplaand applying them to ethical decisions, Romans had to bear in mind the principle of situational variability: whether an action can be judged to be right depends on the circumstances in which it is performed; what is right for one person in a given situation may not be right for another. This principle and its ramifications are articulated by Valerius Maximus,Facta et Dicta Memorabilia. Comparison with Cicero,de Officiissuggests that situation ethics was a key feature of Roman ethics and that, within this framework,exemplamay be understood as moral tools mediating between universal and particular.
SOCIAL MEMORY AND SACRED SITES IN THE WESTERN MAYA HIGHLANDS: EXAMPLES FROM JACALTENANGO, GUATEMALA
Authors: Borgstede Greg 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper utilizes anthropological and sociological approaches to social memory to analyze the position and relevance of sacred sites among the Jakaltek Maya of the western highlands of Guatemala. Based on archaeological investigations and oral history, the connection between the past and present is analyzed in terms of collective memory, underscoring the importance of specific places and landscape in remembering as well as in reinforcing Jakaltek identity and history. Three distinct sacred sites are discussed, including their archaeological evidence; position (or lack of) in histories; disposition/creation as sacred site; and ties to the community's social memory. Sacred sites and social memory are viewed as a key component of indigenous activism and identity politics as well as an integral aspect to understanding the social context of archaeology in the Guatemalan Maya Highlands.
MAYA MEMORY WORK
Authors: Gillespie Susan D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe critical role of social or collective memory in ongoing processes of societal reproduction and transformation is well acknowledged by anthropologists and is being increasingly modeled in archaeological interpretations as well. Investigating how social memory impacted the materialities and historical trajectories of the Maya civilization has great potential for advancing archaeological methodologies as well as enlarging our knowledge of the Maya. In addition to the wealth of epigraphic, ethnographic, and early historical information available for the Maya, archaeologists are examining enduring architecture, representative imagery, and even mundane artifacts that constitute a “technology of memory” for clues to the interplay of recollection and forgetting in the operation and transformation of Maya societies. This commentary reviews issues and problems in archaeological studies of social memory and addresses the specific prospects for investigating social memory among the pre-Hispanic Maya, drawing upon the analyses provided by the papers in this special section.
KA'KAW POTS AND COMMON CONTAINERS: CREATING HISTORIES AND COLLECTIVE MEMORIES AMONG THE CLASSIC MAYA OF XUNANTUNICH, BELIZE
Authors: LeCount Lisa J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractReconstruction of foodways at the Lowland Maya center of Xunantunich, Belize, illustrates how commensality is fundamental to the construction of multilayered identities. Collective memory and linear histories form the foundation of identities because they are the mental frameworks people use to construct shared pasts. At Xunantunich, community identity was expressed though pottery and practices associated with the preparation of foods for domestic consumption and public offerings. In a world of natural cycles centered on family reproduction, horticultural activities, and yearly ceremonies, these symbols and rituals structured the lives of all people and embodied within them a collective memory of community. Linear histories were recorded in images and texts on drinking paraphernalia that were likely used for toasting honored individuals, ancestors, or gods during commemorative rites. These inscriptions and bodily practices marked individuals and their houses as people and places of prominence with separate identities.
THE MURAL PAINTINGS OF EL ZAPOTAL, VERACRUZ, MEXICO
Authors: Wyllie Cherra 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDuring the 1970s, excavations at El Zapotal revealed a Late Classic period ossuary with multiple burials, sumptuous funerary offerings, and life-sized terracotta sculpture individually on a par with the Chinese national treasures from Xi'an. Less known are murals adorning a U-shaped banquette centering on the monumental clay sculpture of a skeletal Death God.Wyllie, through the assistance of Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Veracruz, produced drawings of the now deteriorating paintings. The murals form part of a larger narrative program integrating sculpture, architectural elements, burial offerings, and human osteological remains connected with Mesoamerican underworld stories of creation.