bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small size of food particles and age as risk factors for gastric dilatation volvulus in great danes
Authors: Theyse L. F. H. , van de Brom W. E. , van Sluijs F. J. 
Published: October 2010

A case‐control study was conducted to investigate whether age, gender, neuter status, type of food, feeding frequency, food intake time, interval between feeding and exercise, duration of exercise and overall physical activity were risk factors for gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) in the great dane. The sample population consisted of 38 great danes with acute GDV (cases) and 71 great danes owned by members of the Dutch Great Dane Association (controls). Information on the risk factors was collected by using clinical data in combination with a questionnaire, and the data were analysed by backward stepwise conditional logistic regression analysis. Dogs fed a diet containing particles of food >30 mm in size (kibble and/or dinner and/or home‐prepared food with large pieces of meat) had a lower risk of GDV than dogs fed a diet containing only particles <30 mm in size (kibble or dinner and/or canned meat and/or home‐prepared food cut into small pieces or ground in a food processor). Increasing age was also a risk factor for GDV. Gender, neuter status, feeding frequency, food intake time, the interval between feeding and exercise, the duration of exercise, and overall physical activity were not identified as risk factors. Feeding a diet including large pieces of meat may help to reduce the incidence of GDV in great danes.
Malignant schwannoma in a red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Authors: Pérez J. , Martín de las Mulas J. , Arenas A. , Luque I. , Carrasco L. 
Published: October 2010

A five‐year‐old female red deer (Cervus elaphus) was in poor condition and severely lame on the left hindleg owing to a 19.4 cm × 15.9 cm mass involving and destroying the distal end (head) of metatarsal bones III and IV, the proximal sesamoid bones and the first phalanges (III and IV). The histopathological analysis revealed a spindle cell tumour with frequent palisade arrangement (Antoni type A pattern), and with highly anaplastic tumour cells in some areas. Structures resembling peripheral nerves were identified within the tumour. The neoplastic cells reacted with vimentin in a cytoplasmic pattern, and almost all of them reacted with S‐100 protein in a nuclear and cytoplasmic pattern and did not express neurofilament, glial fibrillary acidic protein or keratins. This immunophenotype and the histopathological features were consistent with a diagnostic of malignant schwannoma. It was atypical because of the species affected, the location and the local malignancy.
Assessment of the injuries sustained by pregnant sows housed in groups using electronic feeders
Authors: Hodgkiss N. J. , Eddison J. C. , Brooks P. H. , Bugg P. 
Published: October 2010

The incidence of injuries to pregnant sows kept in dynamic groups in a commercial herd was recorded over a period of 18 months. The sows were maintained in a solid‐floored building with a straw‐bedded lying area allowing 1.7m2 per sow and fed by means of electronic feeders. Injuries on 12 possible areas of the body were assessed every week, and graded on the scale of 0 to 3 (maximum body score 36). The lesion scores sustained by the sows were very low, with a maximum of 19 and a median of 4. Lesions of the greatest severity constituted only 0.16 per cent of all the recorded injuries. The injuries were not distributed uniformly over the body, most being on the shoulders, flanks and hindquarters, with very few on the head or in the vulval region. The total injury score was related to parity, with sows in parities one, two and three sustaining more injuries than sows in later parities, and it was also related negatively to bodyweight. More agonistic interactions were observed between sows in the lying area and in the vicinity of the feeders than in the dunging area.
Prolonged nasal shedding and viraemia of cytopathogenic bovine virus diarrhoea virus in experimental late‐onset mucosal disease
Authors: Fray M. D. , Clarke M. C. , Thomas L. H. , McCauley J. W. , Charleston B. 
Published: October 2010

A calf persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was super‐infected with a heterologous BVDV strain, C874, which contained non‐cytopathogenic and cytopathogenic viruses. High titres of cytopathogenic BVDV were recovered in the three to four weeks after the challenge. Thereafter low titres of cytopathogenic virus were recovered repeatedly from the blood and the nose, with the titres in nasal secretions increasing in the four weeks before the onset of clinical signs. Neutralising antibodies against the challenge cytopathic virus (C874cp) were first detected 21 days after the super‐infection, but these antibodies failed to neutralise the persisting noncytopathogenic and cytopathogenic viruses isolated from the animal during the course of the infection. Serum collected from 105 days after the super‐infection neutralised the cytopathogenic viruses isolated on day 105 and postmortem. These data indicate that unaltered wild‐type C874cp was not directly responsible for the late‐onset mucosal disease.
Clenbuterol as a marker in baits for oral vaccination of dogs against rabies
Authors: Gleixner A. , Meyer H. H. D. , Vos A. , Aylan O. 
Published: October 2010

Clenbuterol was investigated as a potential marker of baits for the oral vaccination of dogs (Canis familiaris) against rabies in Turkey. Orally administered clenbuterol is incorporated into the hair fibre during hair growth, and the uptake of clenbuterol into the hair of 18 dogs was therefore investigated in a controlled laboratory experiment. Clenbuterol could be detected in the hair of the dogs 28 and 56 days after they had eaten a bait containing 0.5 mg clenbuterol. In a field study, 150 baits containing clenbuterol were distributed at selected sites along roads in the suburban areas of Ferhatpasa, Istanbul; the baits incorporated a vaccine container with the live modified rabies virus vaccine SAD Bi9. By the following morning, 93 per cent of the baits had gone. Hair samples from nine of 31 recaptured dogs contained more than 1 ng clenbuterollg, indicating that they had consumed a bait. However, only four of the 31 dogs had an increased antibody titre. The results of this field study indicate that the placing of baits at selected sites is not a very efficient method of vaccinating ownerless dogs.
Effects of simulated lairage conditions on the physiology and behaviour of pigs
Authors: Geverink N. A. , Bradshaw R. H. , Lambooij E. , Wiegant V. M. , Broom D. M. 
Published: October 2010

The responses of pigs to being driven and mixed together in lairage were investigated. Five groups of six and five groups of seven 70 kg pigs were transported for 40 minutes on a lorry and then subjected to one of the following treatments: two groups were driven down a passage; four groups (A to D) were mixed together for one hour (A and B together, and C and D together); and, four groups were driven down the passage and then mixed (‘combined treatment’). The pigs' behaviour was recorded, skin damage was scored and saliva samples were taken for analysis of cortisol. The initial journey increased the pigs' salivary concentration of cortisol. Their behaviour while being driven was not correlated with the concentrations of cortisol after they were driven and cortisol concentrations did not increase relative to post‐transport levels. The frequency and duration of fighting when they were mixed were positively correlated with their level of aggression in the home pen and with the increase in concentrations of cortisol when they were mixed. One hour after they had been mixed, the concentrations of cortisol had decreased relative to post‐transport levels. After the combined treatment, the correlations observed for the mixing treatment were absent, and the concentrations of cortisol increased relative to post‐transport levels. Skin damage was greatest after the groups of pigs were mixed. The responses observed indicate that the combined effects of driving and mixing, which are very common in lairage, were greater than the effects of driving or mixing alone.
Results of non‐selective adrenocorticolysis by O,p'‐DDD in 129 dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: den Hertog E. , Braakman J. C. A. , Teske E. , Kooistra H. S. , Rijnberk A. 
Published: October 2010

One hundred and twenty‐nine dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism were treated according to a protocol aimed at the complete destruction of the adrenal cortices by the administration of O,p‘‐DDD (mitotane) at a daily dose of 50 to 75 mg/kg bodyweight for 25 days. On the third day, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid supplementation was begun for the induced adrenocortical insufficiency. The first follow‐up examination after completion of the 25‐day course and the subsequent twice‐yearly follow‐up examinations included physical examination and measurements of plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium to optimise substitution therapy. In 19 dogs the full course of 25 days treatment could not be completed. Of the 110 dogs which received the full course of treatment, the administration had to be stopped temporarily in 32 because of side‐effects, such as anorexia and vomiting. The actual dose of o,p‘‐DDD administered was not significantly different in the dogs with and without these side‐effects. Clinical remission occurred in 111 dogs (86 per cent), of which 43 (39 per cent) had a relapse. The estimated one‐year disease‐free fraction was 77 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval [CI]: 67 to 85 per cent). The estimated one‐year survival fraction was 80 per cent (95 per cent ci: 71 to 87 per cent), the two‐year survival was 69 per cent (95 per cent ci: 59 to 78 per cent), and the three‐year survival was 61 per cent (95 per cent CI: 49 to 71 per cent). The bodyweight and age of the dogs and vomiting occurring during the period of treatment, were positively correlated with the length of the disease‐free period, whereas weakness during the treatment and resistance to dexamethasone suppression of the urinary corticoid/creatinine ratios at the start of the treatment were associated with a relatively short survival time.
Economic benefits of prophylaxis with diclazuril against subclinical coccidiosis in lambs reared indoors
Authors: Alzieu J. P. , Mage C. , Maes L. , De Mûelenaere C. 
Published: October 2010

One hundred and twenty weaned male lambs, naturally infected with Eimeria species, were used to assess the economic benefits of the prophylactic administration of diclazuril. They were randomly divided into four groups of 30 lambs on the basis of their bodyweight and output of oocysts. The groups were either left untreated (group 1), treated orally with a simple dose of diclazuril at 1 mg/kg (group 2), with two doses two weeks apart (group 3), or with sulphadimethoxine at 50 mg/kg for five consecutive days (group 4). No clinical signs of coccidiosis were observed in any of the groups. The output of oocysts was significantly reduced on day 7 after treatment in group 2, on days 7, 14 and 28 in group 3 and on days 7 and 14 in group 4. No significant differences were found between the treated and untreated groups for bodyweight, carcase weight and carcase classification. The mean fattening period was shorter for the treated lambs (52 and 55 days) than for the untreated controls (60 days). The average growth rate of the lambs treated twice with diclazuril and with sulphadimethoxine was improved and the feed conversion rates of the lambs treated once or twice with diclazuril were 7 per cent and 16 per cent better than that of the untreated lambs.
Anthelmintic treatment of dairy cows and its effect on milk production
Authors: Gross S. J. , Ryan W. G. , Ploeger H. W. 
Published: October 2010

The results of more than 80 experiments on gastrointestinal parasitism and the impact of anthelmintic treatment on milk production in dairy cattle were reviewed. Abattoir surveys of culled dairy cows, faecal egg counts in milking cows, and serological tests and worm counts in cull cows in milk production studies were collated to assess the level of parasitism in dairy herds. The studies were divided into four general categories: induced infections in previously uninfected cattle; naturally infected cattle treated in mid‐lactation; naturally infected cattle treated one to three times during the dry period and/or just before or just after parturition; and naturally infected cattle treated repeatedly from early lactation or given strategic treatments throughout the year. In most studies, the milk production of anthelmintic‐treated cattle was compared with that of untreated controls. The anthelmintics investigated included members of the organophosphate, benzimidazole, imidazothiazole and macrocyclic lactone groups. The number of experiments in which the medicated (or uninfected) group had a higher milk yield was compared with the number of experiments in which the control (or infected) group had a higher yield. Overall, the studies demonstrated that grazing dairy cattle are likely to be infected with gastrointestinal nematode parasites, usuallyOstertagia ostertagiandCooperiaspecies. These infections may be present as inhibited larvae, and a periparturient or spring rise is associated with their emergence. There is, at present, no reliable means of determining whether a cow or a herd may be parasitised subclinically at a level sufficient to interfere with milk production. In 70 of 87 experiments (80 per cent) there was an increase in milk production (P<0.001) after anthelmintic treatment, with a median increase of 0.63 kg/day. In each of the four trial categories, a majority of the studies showed that anthelmintic treatment increased milk production. The yield of milk fat by the medicated cows was greater than by the controls in 26 of the 35 experiments in which that variable was studied (P<0.01).
Diagnosis of larval cyathostominosis in horses in Belgium
Authors: Smets K. , Shaw D. J. , Deprez P. , Vercruysse J. 
Published: October 2010

Between October 1996 and May 1997,94 horses which were suspected of being infected with strongyles were examined clinically, and samples of faeces were examined for strongyle eggs and cyathostome larvae (L4) and adults. Blood samples were monitored for total protein, albumin and β‐globulins. In 28 of the horses (30 per cent) cyathostome L4 and adults were detected in the faeces, and were significantly associated with the horses' condition, the occurrence of diarrhoea, with lower concentrations of total protein and albumin, and with higher percentages of β‐globulin. Thirty‐four of the horses (36 per cent) were excreting strongyle eggs, but in these animals the associations were with high concentrations of total protein and albumin, and lower percentages of β‐globulin. The results showed that during the winter, a horse in poor condition which has diarrhoea, an albumin concentration less than 20 g/litre, and a ratio of albumin:globulin less than 0.7 is very likely to be infected with L4 and adult stages of cyathostomes.
Decreased sedation by xylazine and high blood pressure in cows with BSE
Authors: Braun U. , Abgottspon S. , Gubler E. , Schweizer T. 
Published: October 2010

Fifteen cows with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and 90 healthy cows were given xylazine intramuscularly at a dosage of 0.15 mg/kg bodyweight. The onset of sedation and of drooling was recorded, intramuscularly at a dosage of 0.15 mg/kg bodyweight. The onset of sedation and of drooling was recorded, and the heart and respiratory rates and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured every five minutes for 40 minutes. All the healthy cows but only five of the 15 cows with BSE became sedated, and the period between the administration of xylazine and the onset of sedation was twice as long in the cows with BSE than in the healthy cows (15.0 [7.5] and 7.6 [2.6] minutes). Throughout the observation period, the blood pressure of the cows with BSE was significantly higher than that of the healthy cows, and the blood pressure of the healthy cows, but not of the cows with BSE, decreased significantly towards the end of the observation period.
Hepatic lipodystrophy of pedigree Galloway calves
Authors: Macleod N. S. M. , Allison C. J. 
Published: October 2010

Hepatic lipodystrophy has been recognised in pedigree Galloway calves since 1965. Between 1975 and 1984 15 cases from five farms were examined. The calves initially appear normal and in good bodily condition but invariably die by five months of age. The characteristic clinical and neurological changes lead to body tremors, opisthotonus, and dyspnoea before the animals become recumbent and die. On postmortem examination the most significant finding in all cases was an enlarged, pale and mottled liver weighing up to 2.75 kg. Limited histopathological examinations of the brain and liver revealed changes suggestive of hepatic encephalopathy. Exhaustive investigations of the farms failed to reveal any significant findings and the small number of cases made it impossible to determine whether the disease was genetically determined; limited evidence suggests that a ‘storage disease’ cannot be excluded.
Evaluation of secondary haemostasis in canine leishmaniasis
Authors: Moreno P. 
Published: October 2010

Secondary haemostasis was evaluated in 26 dogs with leishmaniasis and 10 normal dogs by measurements of modified one‐stage prothrombin time (m‐OSPT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time, fibrinogen concentration and fibrin degradation products. There were no significant differences between the groups in the m‐OSPT, fibrinogen concentration, or levels of fibrin degradation products. The AM was significantly (P=0.006) longer in the infected dogs than in the control group, and in infected dogs with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities >50 U/litre. There was a significant linear regression between ALT and AM. Thrombin time was significantly (P=0.003) longer in the infected dogs than in the normal dogs. There were no significant differences between the thrombin times of sick dogs with different levels of creatinine or activities of ALT, or between male and female dogs, whether diseased or normal.
Effects of preslaughter handling on the behaviour, blood biochemistry and carcases of farmed red deer
Authors: Grigor P. N. , Goddard P. J. , Littlewood C. A. , Warriss P. D. , Brown S. N. 
Published: October 2010

Eight groups of six red deer (four groups of males and four groups of females) were held overnight in an unfamiliar paddock, after which they were moved into a holding pen and slaughtered sequentially by stunning with a captive bolt pistol in a restraining pen. On entering the restraining pen, half the deer in each group were stunned immediately, but the other half were stunned after 10 minutes. Deer spent much of the initial period in the holding pen standing stationary in ‘alert’ postures, but became less alert over time. A significantly higher proportion of males than females were observed in alert ‘head‐up’ postures in the restraining pen. Deer held in the restraining pen for 10 minutes had significantly higher plasma cortisol concentrations than those which were stunned immediately. Females had a significantly higher glycogen concentration postmortem in both the liver and semimembranosus muscle than males, and deer held in the restraining pen for 10 minutes had a significantly lower liver glycogen concentration than deer which were slaughtered immediately. Males had significantly higher semimembranosus muscle pHu. values than females, although the differences were small, and of the 14 deer with pHu. values above 6.0, 11 were males.
Clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in milk‐fed calves with chronic indigestion
Authors: Stocker H. , Lutz H. , Rüsch P. 
Published: October 2010

The principal clinical signs in 59 milk‐fed calves with chronic indigestion were general malaise and depression, poor appetite, poor body condition, dehydration, a dull and scaly hair coat, alopecia and clay‐like faeces. All the calves had metabolic acidosis, which was associated with an inability to stand up in more than half of them. There were significant differences in the severity of acidosis between the calves that could stand and those that could not. Other signs in some of the calves were dehydration, leucocytosis, and increased activities of liver enzymes.
Two‐year study of bovine hepatic abscessation in 10 abattoirs in County Cork, Ireland
Authors: O'Sullivan E. N. 
Published: October 2010

The livers from 6337, 12‐to 16‐month‐old heifers slaughtered in 10 domestic abattoirs over a period of two years were examined; 368 (5.8 per cent) had gross lesions, of which 120 (1.9 per cent) had abscesses, 74 (1.17 per cent) had only scarring, and 44 (0.7 per cent) had telangiectasis (so‐called ‘sawdust’ liver). Of the 120 livers in which abscesses were detected, 53 (44 per cent) had a single large abscess (>4 cm diameter), 44 (36.6 per cent) had a single small abscess (<4 cm), and 23 (19 per cent) had more than two abscesses; in 20 of them (16.6 per cent) the abscesses were resolving, and in 10 (8.3 per cent) the abscesses were ruptured. Forty‐three (35.8 per cent) of the livers with abscesses had adhesions to the diaphragm and diaphragmatic lung lobes, three (2.5 per cent) had adhesions to other abdominal organs, 12 (10 per cent) also had scarring and two (1.7 per cent) also had lesions due to liver fluke. There was no significant association between the liver fluke lesions and the abscesses. In 46 (38.3 per cent) of the livers the abscesses were located in the mid‐dorsal diaphragmatic or dorsocranial area of the liver; 28 (23.3 per cent) were adjacent to the posterior vena cava and could as a result have caused thromboembolic disease. Clinical signs attributable to the abscesses were observed in only one animal.
Evaluation of the dosage of ivermectin in falcons
Authors: Lierz M. 
Published: October 2010

Twelve groups of falcons, each containing three female gyrfalcon‐peregrine falcon hybrids (Falco rusticolusxFalco peregrinus) were injected intramuscularly with a single dose of ivermectin ranging from 0.2 mg/kg to 11 mg/kg bodyweight, and a control group was injected with water. Doses of ivermectin between 0.2 and 5 mg/kg failed to produce clinical signs of illness in the birds. Four birds which received either 6, 7 or 8 mg/kg showed slight clinical signs, and all the birds receiving 9 to 11 mg/kg showed more or less severe clinical signs of anorexia, apathy and sedation. Slight changes in the mean plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were detected in the group dosed with 5 mg/kg, and higher dosages caused marked changes in these enzymes as well as in the mean plasma activity of lactate dehydrogenase. The mean activity of AP decreased, and the activities of the other enzymes increased. A dosage of 2 to 3 mg/kg ivermectin is recommended as a safe and effective antiparasitic drug for falcons and it has been used successfully to treat infestations ofSerratospiculumspecies.