bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mild hyponatremia as a risk factor for fractures: The rotterdam study
Authors: Hoorn Ewout J , Rivadeneira Fernando , van Meurs Joyce BJ , Ziere Gijsbertus , Stricker Bruno HCh , Hofman Albert , Pols Huibert AP , Zietse Robert , Uitterlinden André G , Zillikens M Carola 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Recent studies suggest that mild hyponatremia is associated with fractures, but prospective studies are lacking. We studied whether hyponatremia is associated with fractures, falls, and/or bone mineral density (BMD). A total of 5208 elderly subjects with serum sodium assessed at baseline were included from the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study. The following data were analyzed: BMD, vertebral fractures (mean follow-up 6.4 years), nonvertebral fractures (7.4 years), recent falls, comorbidity, medication, and mortality. Hyponatremia was detected in 399 subjects (7.7%, 133.4 ± 2.0 mmol/L). Subjects with hyponatremia were older (73.5 ± 10.3 years versus 70.0 ± 9.0 years, p &lt; .001), had more recent falls (23.8% versus16.4%, p &lt; .01), higher type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence (22.2% versus 10.3%, p &lt; .001), and more often used diuretics (31.1% versus 15.0%, p &lt; .001). Hyponatremia was not associated with lower BMD but was associated with increased risk of incident nonvertebral fractures [hazard ratio (HR) =1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.73, p = .004] after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index. Further adjustments for disability index, use of diuretics, use of psycholeptics, recent falls, and diabetes did not modify results. In the fully adjusted model, subjects with hyponatremia also had increased risk of vertebral fractures at baseline [odds ratio (OR) = 1.78, 95% CI 1.04–3.06, p = .037] but not at follow-up. Finally, all-cause mortality was higher in subjects with hyponatremia (HR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.43, p = .022). It is concluded that mild hyponatremia in the elderly is associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures and incident nonvertebral fractures but not with BMD. Increased fracture risk in hyponatremia also was independent of recent falls, pointing toward a possible effect on bone quality. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
PAK4 is required for regulation of the cell‐cycle regulatory protein p21, and for control of cell‐cycle progression
Authors: Nekrasova Tanya , Minden Audrey 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe serine/threonine kinase PAK4 regulates cytoskeletal architecture, and controls cell proliferation and survival. In most adult tissues PAK4 is expressed at low levels, but overexpression of PAK4 is associated with uncontrolled proliferation, inappropriate cell survival, and oncogenic transformation. Here we have studied for the first time, the role for PAK4 in the cell cycle. We found that PAK4 levels peak dramatically but transiently in the early part of G1 phase. Deletion of Pak4 was also associated with an increase in p21 levels, and PAK4 was required for normal p21 degradation. In serum‐starved cells, the absence of PAK4 led to a reduction in the amount of cells in G1, and an increase in the amount of cells in G2/M phase. We propose that the transient increase in PAK4 levels at early G1 reduces p21 levels, thereby abrogating the activity of CDK4/CDK6 kinases, and allowing cells to proceed with the cell cycle in a precisely coordinated way. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1795–1806, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basic fibroblast growth factor inhibits mineralization but induces neuronal differentiation by human dental pulp stem cells through a FGFR and PLCγ signaling pathway
Authors: Osathanon Thanaphum , Nowwarote Nunthawan , Pavasant Prasit 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBasic fibroblast growth factor (basic FGF) has pivotal roles in the function of various cell types. Here, we report the effects of basic FGF in the regulation of dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) behaviors including maintaining stemness and directing differentiation. Cells isolated from human dental pulp tissues exhibited stem cell properties including the expression of mRNA markers for embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells, the expression of Stro‐1, and the multipotential differentiation. Basic FGF stimulated colony‐forming units of DPSCs and up‐regulated the expression of the embryonic stem cell markers; Oct4, Rex‐1, and Nanog. Moreover, osteogenic medium containing basic FGF inhibited alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity and mineralization of DPSCs. On the contrary, basic FGF appeared to be an influential growth factor in the neurogenic differentiation of DPSCs. In the presence of basic FGF, increased DPSCs neurosphere size and the up‐regulation of neurogenic markers were noted. Inhibitors of FGFR or PLCγ were able to ablate the basic FGF‐induced neuronal differentiation of DPSCs. Taken together, these results suggest basic FGF may be involved in the mechanisms controlling DPSCs cell fate decisions. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1807–1816, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Body composition changes and inhibition of fat development in vivo implicates androgen in regulation of stem cell lineage allocation
Authors: Semirale Anthony A. , Zhang Xiao‐Wei , Wiren Kristine M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAndrogens regulate body composition in youth and declining testosterone that occurs with aging is associated with muscle wasting, increased fat mass and osteopenia. Transgenic mice with targeted androgen receptor (AR) over‐expression in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were generated to explore the role of androgen signaling in the regulation of body composition. Transgenic males, but not females, were shorter and have reduced body weight and visceral fat accumulation. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) revealed significant reductions in fat mass with a reciprocal increase in lean mass, yet no difference in food consumption or locomotor activity was observed. Adipose tissue weight was normal in brown fat but reduced in both gonadal and perirenal depots, and reduced hyperplasia was observed with smaller adipocyte size in visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Although serum leptin, adiponectin, triglyceride, and insulin levels were no different between the genotypes, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing (IPGTT) showed improved glucose clearance in transgenic males. High levels of the AR transgene are detected in MSCs but not in mature fat tissue. Reduced fibroblast colony forming units indicate fewer progenitor cells resident in the marrow in vivo. Precocious expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and CCAAT enhancer‐binding protein α (C/EBPα) was observed in proliferating precursor cultures from transgenic mice compared to controls. In more mature cultures, there was little difference between the genotypes. We propose a mechanism where enhanced androgen sensitivity can alter lineage commitment in vivo to reduce progenitor number and fat development, while increasing the expression of key factors to promote smaller adipocytes with improved glucose clearance. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1773–1786, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein side chain modeling with orientation‐dependent atomic force fields derived by series expansions
Authors: Liang Shide , Zhou Yaoqi , Grishin Nick , Standley Daron M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe describe the development of new force fields for protein side chain modeling called optimized side chain atomic energy (OSCAR). The distance‐dependent energy functions (OSCAR‐d) and side‐chain dihedral angle potential energy functions were represented as power and Fourier series, respectively. The resulting 802 adjustable parameters were optimized by discriminating the native side chain conformations from non‐native conformations, using a training set of 12,000 side chains for each residue type. In the course of optimization, for every residue, its side chain was replaced by varying rotamers, whereas conformations for all other residues were kept as they appeared in the crystal structure. Then, the OSCAR‐d were multiplied by an orientation‐dependent function to yield OSCAR‐o. A total of 1087 parameters of the orientation‐dependent energy functions (OSCAR‐o) were optimized by maximizing the energy gap between the native conformation and subrotamers calculated as low energy by OSCAR‐d. When OSCAR‐o with optimized parameters were used to model side chain conformations simultaneously for 218 recently released protein structures, the prediction accuracies were 88.8% for χ1, 79.7% for χ1 + 2, 1.24 Å overall root mean square deviation (RMSD), and 0.62 Å RMSD for core residues, respectively, compared with the next‐best performing side‐chain modeling program which achieved 86.6% for χ1, 75.7% for χ1 + 2, 1.40 Å overall RMSD, and 0.86 Å RMSD for core residues, respectively. The continuous energy functions obtained in this study are suitable for gradient‐based optimization techniques for protein structure refinement. A program with built‐in OSCAR for protein side chain prediction is available for download at http://sysimm.ifrec.osaka‐u.ac.jp/OSCAR/. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2011
Compulsive hoarding in children
Authors: Storch Eric A. , Rahman Omar , Park Jennifer M. , Reid Jeannette , Murphy Tanya K. , Lewin Adam B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article discusses the nature and treatment of compulsive hoarding among children. We summarize the phenomenology of compulsive hoarding, including its clinical presentation, comorbidity with varied mental disorders, and associated impairment. The limited data on treatment outcome are presented along with a behavioral framework that we utilized to treat youth who hoard. Our approach is highlighted in the context of a case illustration of an 11‐year‐old girl suffering from compulsive hoarding and several comorbid mental health disorders. We conclude with recommendations for clinical work with this challenging and neglected population. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 67:1–10, 2011.
Diameter of random spanning trees in a given graph
Authors: Chung Fan , Horn Paul , Lu L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMotivated by the observation that the sparse tree‐like subgraphs in a small world graph have large diameter, we analyze random spanning trees in a given host graph. We show that the diameter of a random spanning tree of a given host graph G is between and with high probability., where c and c′ depend on the spectral gap of G and the ratio of the moments of the degree sequence. For the special case of regular graphs, this result improves the previous lower bound by Aldous by a factor of logn. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69:
223–240, 2012
Synthesis of some pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles
Authors: Pavlik James W. , Ervithayasuporn Vuthichai , Tantayanon Supawan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSynthetic methods have been developed to prepare pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles with various substituents at ring positions 1, 3, and 6. The 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR properties of these products and their precursors are presented and discussed. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Soil respiration across three contrasting ecosystem types: comparison of two portable IRGA systems
Authors: Mills Robert , Glanville Helen , McGovern Stephanie , Emmett Bridget , Jones Davey L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn accurate assessment of soil respiration is critical for understanding and predicting ecosystem responses to anthropogenic perturbation such as climate change, pollution, and agriculture. Infra‐red gas analyzer (IRGA)–based field measurement is the most widely used technique for assessing soil‐respiration flux rates. In this study, respiration rates obtained with two common IRGA systems (LI‐COR 8100 and PP Systems EGM‐4) were compared across three ecosystem types. Our results showed that both methods were highly comparable in their flux estimates, but the associated methodology used (notably the use or absence of a soil collar) resulted in greater uncertainty in flux rates and a greater degree of intrasite variation. Specifically, the use of collars significantly decreased the flux estimate for both IRGAs compared to the no‐collar estimate. The disturbance caused by collar insertion was assumed to be a major factor in causing the differing flux estimates, with root and mycorrhizal severance likely being the main contributor. We conclude that the two IRGAs used in this study can be reliably compared for overall flux estimates but emphasis is needed to validate a common measurement methodology.
Synthesis of survival and disease progression outcomes for health technology assessment of cancer therapies
Authors: Welton N. J. , Willis S. R. , Ades A. E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractStudies of clinical efficacy commonly report more than one clinical endpoint. For example, randomized controlled trials of treatments for cancer will normally report time to disease progression as well as overall survival. It is likely that disease progression will be associated with higher mortality rates. Disease progression rates will also have consequences for the societal economic burden of the disease. Economic evaluation of the cost‐effectiveness of different treatment regimes therefore requires the joint estimation of both disease progression and mortality. We describe a model to combine evidence from studies reporting time to event summaries for disease progression and/or mortality, motivated by a systematic review of 1st‐line treatment for advanced breast cancer to provide inputs for an economic evaluation as part of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) clinical guideline on treatment of advanced breast cancer in England and Wales. The review identified a network of treatment comparisons, which provides the basis for indirect comparison. A variety of outcomes were reported: overall survival, time to progression (overall and responders only), and the proportion of responder, stable, progressive disease, and non‐assessable patients. There were only five trials, and not all trials reported all outcomes. The scarcity of the available evidence required us to make strong assumptions in order to identify model parameters. However, this evidence structure often occurs in health technology assessment (HTA) of treatments for cancer. We discuss the validity of the assumptions made, and the potential to assess their validity in other applications of HTA of cancer therapies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does metastasectomy improve survival in patients with stage IV melanoma? a cancer registry analysis of outcomes
Authors: Wasif Nabil , Bagaria Sanjay P. , Ray Partha , Morton Donald L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntroductionPatients with Stage IV melanoma have limited therapeutic options with few long‐term survivors. Our goal was to study the impact of metastasectomy on survival in these patients.MethodsPatients with Stage IV melanoma were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1988–2006). Those who had metastasectomy performed were compared with patients that did not.ResultsThe median age of the study population (n = 4,229) was 63 years and median survival was 7 months. Patients who underwent metastasectomy (33.6%) had an improved median and 5‐year overall survival as compared to patients who did not; 12 months versus 5 months and 16% versus 7% (P < 0.001). In patients with M1a disease (n = 1,994), this improvement of survival following metastasectomy was enhanced; median survival of 14 months versus 6 months and 5‐year overall survival of 20% versus 9% (P < 0.001). Younger age and diagnosis from 2001 to 2006 were predictors of metastasectomy. Metastasectomy was an independent and significant predictor of survival for the entire cohort (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.55–0.63).ConclusionsMetastasectomy in patients with Stage IV melanoma may improve long‐term survival. The true therapeutic benefit, if any, of metastatectomy needs to be determined by a randomized trial. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;104:111–115. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of protein hydrolysates of cosmetic use by CE‐MS
Authors: Simionato Ana Valéria Colnaghi , Carrilho Emanuel , Tavares Marina Franco Maggi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractProtein hydrolysates have been used as active principles in cosmetic products conferring different properties to the final formulations, which are mostly controlled by the peptide size and its amino acid sequence. In this work, capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry analyses were carried out in order to investigate such characteristics of protein hydrolysates. Samples of different origins (milk, soy and rice) were obtained from a local company, and were analyzed without a previous preparation step. The background electrolyte (BGE) and sheath liquid compositions were optimized for each sample. The best BGE composition (860 mmol/L formic acid – pH 1.8 – in 70:30 v/v water/methanol hydro‐organic solvent) was chosen based on the overall peak resolution whereas the best sheath liquid was selected based on increased sensitivity and presented different compositions to each sample (10.9–217 mmol/L formic acid in 75:25–25:75 v/v water/methanol hydro‐organic solvent). Most of the putative peptides in the hydrolysate samples under investigation presented molecular masses of 1000 Da or less. De novo sequencing was carried out for some of the analytes, revealing the hydrophobicity/polarity of the peptides. Hence, the technique has proved to be an advantageous tool for the quality control of industrial protein hydrolysates.
Separation of inorganic anions on a triazole‐functionalized ion exchanger in ion chromatography
Authors: Zhang Feifang , Liu Yajing , Wei Jie , Guo Zhimou , Yang Bingcheng , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe retention behavior of inorganic anions on a triazole‐based stationary phase was first examined in ion chromatography. It was initially designed for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and was simply prepared by introducing the triazole groups onto the surface of silica gel via click chemistry. Effective separation of common inorganic anions, including iodate, chloride, bromide, nitrate and iodide, was achieved with Na2SO4 eluent. The logarithm of the retention factor of analytes was observed to be linear with the logarithm of the eluent concentration, and the slopes of the plots were almost the same as those of the ideal theoretical value. The eluent pH value in the range of 3.4–7.0 had little effect on the separation. The utility of the column was demonstrated for the determination of UV‐absorbing anions in saliva and tap water.
Using international emotional picture sets in countries suffering from violence
Authors: Okon‐Singer Hadas , Kofman Ora , Tzelgov Joseph , Henik Avishai 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIt is hypothesized that ratings of emotional stimuli are affected by a constant threat of traumatic events. Ratings of valence and arousal on the International Affective Picture System from young adults in the United States were compared to those of young Israeli adults. Israelis rated the pictures as less negative and less positive than did participants from the United States. Israeli women gave higher arousal ratings compared to the American women. These differences may be due to compulsory military service in Israel, during which exposure to traumatic events is more likely to occur, and to the timing of the study which followed a year of frequent suicide bomb attacks. The authors suggest that these findings may reflect mild symptoms of stress disorders.
EFFECT OF PROTECTION ON PLANT COMMUNITY DYNAMICS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN ARID ZONE OF SOUTHERN TUNISIA: A CASE STUDY FROM BOU HEDMA NATIONAL PARK
Authors: Belgacem A. Ouled , Tarhouni M. , Louhaichi M. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTEcosystems protected from heavy grazing impacts, such as national parks and refuges, are generally considered to sustain higher plant species diversity and better ecosystem composition and structure compared to heavily grazed areas. To evaluate the impact of livestock grazing, we sampled vegetation characteristics from two areas having different grazing intensity levels. The first site has high protection from grazing and is located inside the Bou Hedma National Park in Southern Tunisia. The second site has a low protection from grazing and is situated within an open area located immediately outside the park boundary where human populations and their livestock have unrestricted access to ecosystem resources. Total plant cover, density, perennial species cover and their contribution were compared between the two grazing level sites. Results show that considerable positive effects occur in the areas protected from grazing. As compared to the overgrazed (open) sites. Several species known for their high palatability, such as Cenchrus ciliaris L., Salvia aegyptiaca L., Echiochilon fruticosum Desf. and Helianthemum sessiliflorum Desf., are more abundant inside the park than outside. These results are very important for managers to apply this technique as a tool for increasing the resilience of arid ecosystems, qualified very vulnerable to climate change. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myelin and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Stanley John 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMyelin is a lipid rich membrane system elaborated by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system to provide axons with a high resistance but discontinuous sheath. The node internode structure that results allows very fast saltatory nerve impulse conduction. Myelin is rich in cholesterol, phospholipids and glycolipids. However, the ability of the brain to synthesise cholesterol determines its capacity to elaborate myelin and as a result cholesterol is an essential nutrient for brain function. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the brain and nervous system resulting in inflammation leading to demyelination and eventually to axonal degeneration. The discovery of remyelination a regenerative process offers some hope that by boosting its capacity more effective treatments for multiple sclerosis will be developed in the future.
Determination of mineral filler orientation in reinforced thermoplastics by x‐ray diffraction
Authors: Monge Gabriel , Vincent Michel , Haudin Jean‐Marc 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOrientation of mica and talc platelets in injection‐molded polyamide 6.6 was investigated by X‐ray diffraction (diffractometry, pole figures). The platelets are nearly perpendicular to the plane of the molded plaque in the core, and parallel to it in the skin. These orientations are related to the shear and elongation rate distribution in the thickness of the molding.
Composites a matrices polyimides thermoplastiques mecanismes de polymerisation et proprietes
Authors: Grenier‐Loustalot Marie‐Florence , Barnaud Marie , Biensan Michel , Gensous Francis , Ludi Martine , Tremillon Jean Michel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractModel compounds have been used to determine the mechanisms of reaction of aromatic diamines with aromatic cyclic dianhydrides to form polyamic acids and polyimides by thermal or chemical dehydration. Substituted phthalic anhydride were used to model the anhydride functionality and either 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl (ether, sulfone, methane) or toluidines for the amine functionality.Chemical data obtained ‘in situ’ with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (liquid and solid states CP MAS) and X‐rays diffractometry show that the degree of imidisation is temperature and solvent dependent. This analysis resulted in an analytical method of determining the anhydride ‐ amic acid, and/or amic ‐ imide ratios in the partly cured polyamic acid.Selected properties of films and composites were determined and compared with similar commercial compounds.