bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological evaluation of chitosan‐based biomaterials used for the correction of critical size defects in rat's calvaria
Authors: Spin‐Neto Rubens , de Freitas Rubens Moreno , Pavone Chaíne , Cardoso Márcia Barreto , Campana‐Filho Sérgio Paulo , Marcantonio Rosemary Adriana Chiérici , Marcantonio Elcio 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChitosan, a biopolymer obtained from chitin, and its derivates, such as chitosan hydrochloride, has been reported as wound healing accelerators and as possible bone substitutes for tissue engineering, and therefore these substances could be relevant in dentistry and periodontology. The purpose of this investigation was to make a histological evaluation of chitosan and chitosan hydrochloride biomaterials (gels) used in the correction of critical size bone defects made in rat's calvaria. Bone defects of 8 mm in diameter were surgically created in the calvaria of 50 Holtzman (Rattus norvegicus) rats and filled with blood clot (control), low molecular weight chitosan, high molecular weight chitosan, low molecular weight chitosan hydrochloride, and high molecular weight chitosan hydrochloride, numbering 10 animals, divided into two experimental periods (15 and 60 days), for each biomaterial. The histological evaluation was made based on the morphology of the new‐formed tissues in defect's region, and the results indicated that there was no statistical difference between the groups when the new bone formation in the entire defect's area were compared (p > 0.05) and, except in the control groups, assorted degrees of inflammation could be seen. In conclusion, chitosan and chitosan hydrochloride biomaterials used in this study were not able to promote new bone formation in critical size defects made in rat's calvaria. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
Preparation and characterization of microspheres comprised of collagen, chondroitin sulfate, and apatite as carriers for the osteoblast‐like cell MG63
Authors: Tsai Shiao‐Wen , Chen Chia‐Chun , Liou Hau‐Min , Hsu Fu‐Yin 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNumerous studies about bone matrix fabrication focus on how the species and concentrations of components affect the cellular response. However, there are few studies that investigate how the related spatial arrangement of the components influences cellular activity. The aim of this work was to develop a novel method to biomimetically manufacture a three‐dimensional mineral bone matrix and study the effect of apatite‐collagen‐chondroitin sulfate (CS) microspheres on the adhesion rate and activity of osteoblast‐like cells. Although previous studies used a crosslinking agent or lyophilized methods to fabricated three‐dimensional collagen microspheres, we produced beads composed of collagen and CS under mild reaction conditions. This process not only maintains collagen self‐assembly into fibrils with a D‐periodic pattern ability but also simultaneously introduces two major native bone matrix elements, collagen and CS, into the beads. Furthermore, we mimic the native in vivo bone matrix formation process by the direct nucleation and growth of apatite crystals on collagen fibrils. The apatite crystals are similar in composition to human bone mineral via X‐ray diffraction and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometric analysis. The cellular attachment rate of MG63 osteoblast‐like cells is significantly higher for collagen‐CS‐apatite gel beads than for collagen‐CS gel beads. In addition, with regard to the osteoblast bioactivity, we observed that alkaline phosphatase activity of MG63 cells on the collagen‐CS‐apatite gel beads higher than on the collagen‐CS gel beads on day 14. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
The application of atelocollagen gel in combination with porous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering and its suitable conditions
Authors: Yamaoka H. , Tanaka Y. , Nishizawa S. , Asawa Y. , Takato T. , Hoshi K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFor improving the quality of tissue‐engineered cartilage, we examined the in vivo usefulness of porous bodies as scaffolds combined with an atelocollagen hydrogel, and investigated the suitable conditions for atelocollagen and seeding cells within the engineered tissues. We made tissue‐engineered constructs using a collagen sponge (CS) or porous poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) with human chondrocytes and 1% hydrogel, the concentration of which maximized the accumulation of cartilage matrices. The CS was soft with a Young's modulus of less than 1 MPa, whereas the porous PLLA was very rigid with a Young's modulus of 10 MPa. Although the constructs with the CS shrank to 50% in size after a 2‐month subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice, the PLLA constructs maintained their original sizes. Both of the porous scaffolds contained some cartilage regeneration in the presence of the chondrocytes and hydrogel, but the PLLA counterpart significantly accumulated abundant matrices in vivo. Regarding the conditions of the chondrocytes, the cartilage regeneration was improved in inverse proportion to the passage numbers among passages 3–8, and was linear with the cell densities (106 to 108 cells/mL). Thus, the rigid porous scaffold can maintain the size of the tissue‐engineered cartilage and realize fair cartilage regeneration in vivo when combined with 1% atelocollagen and some conditioned chondrocytes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
Electrical regulation of Schwann cells using conductive polypyrrole/chitosan polymers
Authors: Huang Jinghui , Hu Xueyu , Lu Lei , Ye Zhengxu , Zhang Quanyu , Luo Zhuojing 
Published: June 2009

AbstractElectrical stimulation (ES) can dramatically enhance neurite outgrowth through conductive polymers and accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration in animal models of nerve injury. Therefore, conductive tissue engineering graft in combination with ES is a potential treatment for neural injuries. Conductive tissue engineering graft can be obtained by seeding Schwann cells on conductive scaffold. However, when ES is applied through the conductive scaffold, the impact of ES on Schwann cells has never been investigated. In this study, a biodegradable conductive composite made of conductive polypyrrole (PPy, 2.5%) and biodegradable chitosan (97.5%) was prepared in order to electrically stimulate Schwann cells. The tolerance of Schwann cells to ES was examined by a cell apoptosis assay. The growth of the cells was characterized using DAPI staining and a MTT assay. mRNA and protein levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in Schwann cells were assayed by RT‐PCR and Western blotting, and the amount of NGF and BDNF secreted was determined by an ELISA assay. The results showed that the PPy/chitosan membranes supported cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation with or without ES. Interestingly, ES applied through the PPy/chitosan composite dramatically enhanced the expression and secretion of NGF and BDNF when compared with control cells without ES. These findings highlight for the first time the possibility of enhancing nerve regeneration in conductive scaffolds through ES‐increased neurotrophin secretion. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
Family‐directed cognitive adaptation for schizophrenia
Authors: Friedman‐Yakoobian Michelle S. , Mueser Kim T. , Giuliano Anthony , Goff Donald C. , Seidman Larry J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCognitive impairment is pervasive in schizophrenia and is a major cause of poor functioning and caregiver burden. However, there are few treatments specifically aimed at helping families cope with a relative's cognitive difficulties and reducing the effects of cognitive impairments on the client's daily functioning. Family‐directed cognitive adaptation (FCA) is a 16‐session treatment developed to address this need. In this article, we provide a rationale for the development of FCA, describe the program itself, and summarize a pilot study aimed at evaluating the acceptability and feasibility of the treatment. We conclude with a case example of a family who participated in the program. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65: 1–14, 2009.
Fibrosarcomatous transformation in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the breast—A case report
Authors: Kim Min Sun , Kim Kyu Soon , Han Hyun Young , Kang Yoon Jung , Choi Young Jin , Kang Dong Wook , Kim Joo Heon 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare cutaneous malignant tumor that usually occurs in the trunk, extremities, head, and neck but very rarely in the breast. Fibrosarcomatous transformation of DFSP is even rarer, with a higher risk of distant metastasis and poorer prognosis than DFSP. We report a case of such transformation in a DFSP in the breast. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Prenatal diagnosis of schizencephaly with 2D‐3D sonography and MRI
Authors: Gedikbasi Ali , Yildirim Gokhan , Saygi Sezin , Arslan Oguz , Gul Ahmet , Ceylan Yavuz 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe report a case of schizencephaly diagnosed prenatally at 23 weeks of gestational age with two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) sonography and fetal brain MRI, confirmed by autopsy. The diagnostic method of choice is 2D transabdominal and transvaginal sonography, whereas additional 3D sonography and MRI may provide a better understanding of the pathology and related findings. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Sonographic appearance of a migrated Angelchik anti‐reflux prosthesis in the pelvis
Authors: Zavareh Ali , Dubbins Paul 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSurgical implantation of Angelchik prosthesis around the distal esophagus was a popular treatment for gastroesophageal reflux in the 1980s. However, because of frequent complications, this surgical technique was abandoned. We report a case of a migrated Angelchik prosthesis in a 56‐year‐old woman in whom the prosthesis was found in the pelvic cavity 20 years after the initial surgery. The plain radiographic and ultrasound findings are described. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2009
PIV as a method for quantifying root cell growth and particle displacement in confocal images
Authors: Bengough A. Glyn , Hans Joachim , Bransby M. Fraser , Valentine Tracy A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractParticle image velocimetry (PIV) quantifies displacement of patches of pixels between successive images. We evaluated PIV as a tool for microscopists by measuring displacements of cells and of a surrounding granular medium in confocal laser scanning microscopy images of Arabidopsis thaliana roots labeled with cell‐membrane targeted green fluorescent protein. Excellent accuracy (e.g., displacement standard deviation <0.006 pixels) was obtained for root images that had undergone rigid digital translations of up to 40 pixels. Analysis of zoomed images showed that magnifications of up to 5% maintained good linear relations between PIV‐predicted and actual displacements (r2 > 0.83). Root mean squared error for these distorted images was 0.4–1.1 pixels, increasing at higher magnification factors. Cell growth and rhizosphere deformation were tracked with good temporal (e.g., 1‐min interval) and spatial resolution, with PIV patches located on recognizable cell features being tracked more successfully. Appropriate choice of GFP‐label was important to decrease small‐scale biological noise due to intracellular motion. PIV of roots grown in stiff 2% versus 0.7% agar showed patterns of cell expansion consistent with physically impeded roots of other species. Roots in glass ballotini underwent rapid changes in growth direction on a timescale of minutes, associated with localized arching of ballotini. By tracking cell vertices, we monitored automatically cell length, width, and area every minute for 0.5 h for cells in different stages of development. In conclusion, PIV measured displacements successfully in images of living root cells and the external granular medium, revealing much potential for use by microscopists. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Utilization of high‐accuracy FTICR‐MS data in protein quantitation experiments
Authors: Strohalm Martin , Novak Petr , Pompach Petr , Man Petr , Kavan Daniel , Witt Matthias , Dzubak Petr , Hajduch Marian , Havlicek Vladimir 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHuman acute T‐lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (CEM) treated with cisplatin, and the stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) strategy were used to present an improved method of data processing in high‐accuracy mass spectrometry (MS). By using peptide mass fingerprinting with low mass tolerance, we were able to utilize far more data retained in MS scans which would normally be missed by a standard processing method. This new way of data interpretation results in an improvement of the relevance of quantitation experiments and enabled us to search and quantify different types of posttranslational modifications. Furthermore, we used this technique to distinguish among different protein isoforms, commonly returned by Mascot search engine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of cytosine methylation on the chemoselectivity of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide‐oligonucleotide adducts determined using nanoLC/MS/MS
Authors: Glick James , Xiong Wennan , Lin Yiqing , Noronha Anne M. , Wilds Christopher J. , Vouros Paul 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBenzo[a]pyrene is a major carcinogen implicated in human lung cancer. Almost 60% of human lung cancers have a mutation in the p53 tumor suppressor gene at several specific codons. An on‐line nanoLC/MS/MS method using a monolithic nanocolumn was applied to investigate the chemoselectivity of the carcinogenic diol epoxide metabolite, ( ± )‐(7R,8S,9S,10R)‐benzo[a]pyrene 7,8‐diol 9,10‐epoxide [( ± )‐anti‐benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)], which was reacted in vitro with a synthesized 14‐mer double stranded oligonucleotide (5′‐ACCCG5CG7TCCG11CG13C‐3′/5′‐GCGCGGGCGCGGGT‐3′) derived from the p53 gene. This sequence contained codons 157 and 158, which are considered mutational ‘hot spots’ and have also been reported as chemical ‘hot spots’ for the formation of BPDE‐DNA adducts. In evaluating the effect of cytosine methylation on BPDE‐DNA adduct binding, it was found that codon 156, containing the nucleobase G5 instead of the mutational hot spot codons 157 (G7) and 158 (G11), was the preferential chemoselective binding site for BPDE. In all permethylated cases studied, the relative ratio for adduction was found to be G5≫ G11 > G13 > G7. Permethylation of CpG dinucleotide sites on either the nontranscribed or complementary strand did not change the order of sequence preference but did enhance the relative adduction level of the G11 CpG site (codon 158) approximately two‐fold versus the unmethylated oligomer. Permethylation of all CpG dinucleotide sites on the duplex changed the order of relative adduction to G5≫ G7 > G11 > G13. The three‐ to four‐fold increase in adduction at the mutational hot spot codon 157 (G7) relative to the unmethylated or single‐stranded permethylated cases suggests a possible relationship between the state of methylation and adduct formation for a particular mutation site in the p53 gene. Using this method, only 125 ng (30 pmol) of adducted oligonucleotide was analyzed with minimal sample cleanup and high chromatographic resolution of positional isomers in a single chromatographic run. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the metabolism of mitragynine, the main alkaloid of the herbal drug Kratom, in rat and human urine using liquid chromatography‐linear ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Philipp Anika A. , Wissenbach Dirk K. , Zoerntlein Siegfried W. , Klein Oliver N. , Kanogsunthornrat Jidapha , Maurer Hans H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMitragynine (MG) is an indole alkaloid of the Thai medicinal plant Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom in Thai) and reported to have opioid agonistic properties. Because of its stimulant and euphoric effects, Kratom is used as a herbal drug of abuse. The aim of the presented study is to identify the phase I and II metabolites of MG in rat and human urine after solid‐phase extraction (SPE) using liquid chromatography‐linear ion trap mass spectrometry providing detailed structure information in the MSn mode particularly with high resolution. The seven identified phase I metabolites indicated that MG was metabolized by hydrolysis of the methylester in position 16, O‐demethylation of the 9‐methoxy group and of the 17‐methoxy group, followed, via the intermediate aldehydes, by oxidation to carboxylic acids or reduction to alcohols and combinations of some steps. In rats, four metabolites were additionally conjugated to glucuronides and one to sulfate, but in humans, three metabolites to glucuronides and three to sulfates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development coaching: Helping scientific and technical professionals make the leap into leadership
Authors: Hurd Jean L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWhy is it so difficult for many technical professionals to become effective managers? As a vehicle for detailed, actionable feedback and early individualized support, coaching can guide the new leader in shifting fundamental values and developing the practices and relationship skills needed to succeed in the role—and to help others succeed. The author discusses four shared characteristics of scientific/engineering professionals that create challenges for them when they take on leadership responsibilities and illustrates two key strategies for successfully transitioning these professionals into leadership roles. She explains the six steps of the leadership development coaching model for deploying these key strategies, and presents coaching case studies of four people's journeys to become effective leaders. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Defending local business roots: The case of the Norwegian Book Clubs
Authors: McCarthy John F. (Jack) , Manolova Tatiana S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis exploratory case study examines the challenges faced by the Norwegian Book Clubs, a well‐established company in a small country's book distribution sector, and the company's strategic responses to the challenge of industry deregulation and related threat of foreign competition. The theoretical argument of the study is shaped by the “liability of foreignness” hypothesis (Hymer, 1976) but takes the perspective of the indigenous market player. This theoretical lens is supplemented with insights on entry deterrent strategies from industrial organization (Bain, 1956). Case findings suggest industry incumbents can reinforce their “local player advantage” through simultaneously strengthening their organizational capabilities, increasing their positional advantages in the domestic market, and enhancing their local embeddedness. The authors further find that market characteristics and government regulations significantly affect the relationship between company strategic responses and the local player's advantage. Implications for theory, managerial practice, and public policy are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometric analysis of irbesartan in human plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic study of irbesartan
Authors: Lee Hye Won , Ji Hye Young , Park Eun‐Seok , Lee Kang Choon , Lee Hye Suk 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA hydrophilic interaction chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometric method (HILIC/MS/MS) for the determination of irbesartan in human plasma was developed. Irbesartan and losartan (internal standard) were extracted from human plasma with ethyl acetate at acidic pH. The analytes were analyzed on a Luna HILIC column with the mobile phase of ACN–ammonium formate (50 mM, pH 6.5) (96:4, v/v) and detected by ESI MS/MS in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The standard curve was linear (r2 = 0.9981) over the concentration range of 10–2500 ng/mL and the lower LOQ was 10 ng/mL using 100 μL of plasma sample. The CV and relative error for intra‐ and interassay at four QC levels were 2.9 to 8.1% and –2.7 to 2.3%, respectively. There were less absolute and relative matrix effects for irbesartan and losartan. The present method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of irbesartan after oral dose of irbesartan (150 mg tablet) to male healthy volunteers.
Dynamic control of split flow in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography using dual resistively heated restrictors
Authors: Li Jian Jun , Thurbide Kevin B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRemote control of the vent/detector split flow ratio in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (pSFC) with flame ionization detector (FID) is demonstrated using a dual heated restrictor method. Restrictors stemming from a Tee at the separation column outlet were, respectively, fixed into an FID and a vent port, and their individual temperatures were controlled using resistively heated wires. Subsequently, both system pressure and split flow could be manipulated. For example, for applied restrictor temperatures examined up to 600°C, corresponding vent/FID split flow ratios between 2 and 7 were observed depending on the port heated. As well, column pressures around 16–23 MPa were also achievable over the same range. Conversely, isobaric altering of the split flow ratio was possible when opposing positive and negative temperature gradients were applied at the two restrictors. Under these conditions, the system pressure varied less than 1% RSD over a 10 min period. As an application, the method was used to establish stable detector operation in the analysis of n‐alkanes under pSFC‐FID conditions that initiated flame instability. Results indicate that this technique could be a relatively simple and inexpensive means of controlling system pressure and detector split flow ratios in pSFC‐FID.
Secondary tracheoesophageal puncture: Blind technique with a rigid hysterometer
Authors: Pighi Gian Paolo , Barbieri Franco , Adami Roberto , Fiorino Francesco 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The use of a rigid esophagoscope during tracheoesophageal puncture for speaking valve insertion in laryngectomized patients may be hindered by stenosis of the esophagus, or arthritic deformation of the spine, limiting extension of the neck. To prevent complications we currently perform a blind technique in these patients with the use of a rigid hysterometer instead of the esophagoscope.Methods:Ten patients underwent secondary tracheoesophageal puncture using a rigid hysterometer. This was inserted through the mouth and gently advanced along the cervical esophagus to the level of the tracheostomy. A transverse incision was made on the posterior membranaceous wall of the trachea to enable the hysterometer to enter the tracheal lumen. The curved cannula of a Provox trocar was retrogradely inserted into the fistula following the hysterometer as a guide. After withdrawing the hysterometer, a Provox flexible guidewire was introduced into the cannula and advanced up to the oral cavity to anchor a Blom‐Singer prosthesis. Withdrawal of the guidewire enabled the prosthesis to be housed in the fistula.Results:All patients had a successful surgical outcome without any intra‐ or postoperative complications. The resulting fistula was adequate and enabled patients to wear their prostheses without trouble and to quickly acquire an intelligible voice.Conclusions:The limited thickness allows easy advance of the hysterometer beyond esophageal stenotic tracts, and its particular curved conformation permits progression toward the level of the tracheostomy in patients who cannot assume a relaxed, extended supine position on the operating table. Laryngoscope, 2009