bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal abundance, lipid storage, and energy density ofCalanus finmarchicusand other copepod preyfields along the Northwest Atlantic continental shelf
Authors: Carlowicz Lee Rachel M , Keiling Toniann D , Warren Joseph D 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCalanus finmarchicus is an abundant calanoid copepod in the New York Bight (NYB) that has energy-dense lipid stores. This study measured C. finmarchicus abundance, lipid storage and energy density and compared it to two other abundant calanoid species in the region. We compared the NYB C. finmarchicus preyfield characteristics with data from two other NW Atlantic coastal ecosystems, the Gulf of Maine (GoM) and Cape Cod Bay (CCB). Copepods from net tows were identified, enumerated, photographed and measured. These data were used to calculate animal biovolume and lipid content as well as the volumetric energy density of the copepod preyfield. C. finmarchicus were most abundant in spring and summer and the mean lipid storage of C. finmarchicus remained largely constant regardless of season and location within the NYB. Centropages typicus were abundant enough in the winter to be more energy-rich than C. finmarchicus. Temora longicornis, while also abundant, never surpassed the energy density of C. finmarchicus. C. finmarchicus in the NYB were comparably lipid-rich to those from the GoM and CCB. C. finmarchicus in the NYB can be a reliable energy source for local predators due to their high spring and summer abundances and year-round storage of high-energy wax esters.
Use of UK faith Centre as a COVID-19 community vaccination clinic: exploring a potential model for community-based health care delivery
Authors: Wehling Helena , Weston Dale , Hall Charlotte , Mills Freya , Amlôt Richard , Dennis Amelia , Forbes Lindsay , Armes Jo , Mohamed Munira , Buckley Seema , Dar Osman A , Mohamed Amran , Wurie Fatima , Shafi Shuja , Zumla Sir Alimuddin , Ala Aftab 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Effective and safe vaccines against COVID-19 are essential to achieve global control of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Using faith centres may offer a promising route for promoting higher vaccine uptake from certain minority ethnic groups known to be more likely to be vaccine hesitant.

Methods
This cross-sectional study explored attendees’ perceptions, experiences of being offered, and receiving COVID-19 vaccination in a local mosque in Woking, Surrey, UK. About 199 attendees completed a brief questionnaire on experiences, views, motivations about attending the mosque and vaccination on site.

Results
The most common ethnic groups reported were White British (39.2%) and Pakistani (22.6%); 36.2% identified as Christian, 23.6% as Muslim, 5.5% as Hindu, and 17.1% had no religion. Genders was relatively equal with 90 men (45.2%) and 98 women (49.2%), and 35–44-year-olds represented the most common age group (28.1%). Views and experiences around receiving vaccinations at the mosque were predominantly positive. Primary reasons for getting vaccinated at the mosque included convenience, accessibility, positive aspects of the venue’s intercultural relations, and intentions to protect oneself against COVID-19, regardless of venue type. Negative views and experiences in regards to receiving the vaccination at the mosque were less common (7% expressed no intention of recommending the centre to others), and disliked aspects mostly referred to the travel distance and long waiting times.

Conclusions
Offering COVID-19 vaccination in faith centres appears acceptable for different faith groups, ensuring convenient access for communities from all religions and ethnic backgrounds.
The Health Costs of Cost Sharing
Authors: Chandra Amitabh , Flack Evan , Obermeyer Ziad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
What happens when patients suddenly stop their medications? We study the health consequences of drug interruptions caused by large, abrupt, and arbitrary changes in price. Medicare’s prescription drug benefit as-if-randomly assigns 65-year-olds a drug budget as a function of their birth month, beyond which out-of-pocket costs suddenly increase. Those facing smaller budgets consume fewer drugs and die more: mortality increases 0.0164 percentage points per month (13.9%) for each $100 per month budget decrease (24.4%). This estimate is robust to a range of falsification checks and lies in the 97.8th percentile of 544 placebo estimates from similar populations that lack the same idiosyncratic budget policy. Several facts help make sense of this large effect. First, patients stop taking drugs that are both high value and suspected to cause life-threatening withdrawal syndromes when stopped. Second, using machine learning, we identify patients at the highest risk of drug-preventable adverse events. Contrary to the predictions of standard economic models, high-risk patients (e.g., those most likely to have a heart attack) cut back more than low-risk patients on exactly those drugs that would benefit them the most (e.g., statins). Finally, patients appear unaware of these risks. In a survey of 65-year-olds, only one-third believe that stopping their drugs for up to a month could have any serious consequences. We conclude that far from curbing waste, cost sharing is itself highly inefficient, resulting in missed opportunities to buy health at very low cost ($11,321 per life-year).
A review of primary freshwater crab mandible morphology: terminology and systematic importance (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)
Authors: Cumberlidge Neil , Krajenka Grace E , Clark Brett , Clark Paul F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The primary freshwater crab mandibular palp is described as possessing two or three divisions (joints) and its terminal article as being either unbranched (simple) or bilobed. Currently, this provides two important familial characters. Addressed here are the long-standing differences in the number of mandibular palp articles between some freshwater crabs and other brachyurans by adopting a standardized terminology based on a generalized brachyuran limb using homology-based terms that allow comparisons with all brachyurans. As a result, the freshwater crab mandible is redescribed as a four-part appendage comprising the coxa (biting jaw) and basis, from which originates a two-articled inner ramus (endopod). A detailed examination of the joint between the basis and the first endopod article of the palp indicates that its expression varies from distinct to obscure, but it is nevertheless present in all freshwater and marine crab families examined here, including those species currently described as possessing a two-articled palp. The coxa, basis, and first endopod articles of the mandibular palp are all uniform and generally not diagnostic within the Brachyura. The terminal endopod article of freshwater crabs, however, is morphologically diverse and provides a familial diagnostic character. The wider implications of these findings for the Brachyura are discussed.
Long noncoding RNA BMPR1B‐AS1 stability regulated by IGF2BP2 affects the decidualization in endometriosis patients through the SMAD1/5/9 pathway
Authors: Que Xiaohong , Ren Lulu , Yang Lin , Wang Lemeng , Li Junzui , Wu Rongfeng , Chen Qionghua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEndometriosis (EMs)‐related infertility commonly has decreased endometrial receptivity and normal decidualization is the basis for establishing and maintaining endometrial receptivity. However, the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms of impaired endometrial decidualization in patients with EMs have not been fully clarified. We confirmed the existence of reduced endometrial receptivity in patients with EMs by scanning electron microscopy and quantitative real‐time PCR. Here we identified an lncRNA, named BMPR1B‐AS1, which is significantly downregulated in eutopic endometrium in EMs patients and plays an essential role in decidual formation. Furthermore, RNA pull‐down, mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation, and rescue analyses revealed that BMPR1B‐AS1 positively regulates decidual formation through interaction with the RNA‐binding protein insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2). Downregulation of IGF2BP2 led to a decreased stability of BMPR1B‐AS1 and inhibition of activation of the SMAD1/5/9 pathway, an inhibitory effect which diminished decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) decidualization. In conclusion, our identified a novel regulatory mechanism in which the IGF2BP2‐BMPR1B‐AS1‐SMAD1/5/9 axis plays a key role in the regulation of decidualization, providing insights into the potential link between abnormal decidualization and infertility in patients with EMs, which will be of clinical significance for the management and treatment of infertility in patients with EMs.
Pipelle Endometrial Sampling With a Full Bladder Compared With Standard Care
Authors: Hashim Erwina , Hong Jesrine , Woo Yin Ling , Hamdan Mukhri , Tan Peng Chiong 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To compare insertion failure rates for Pipelle endometrial sampling with a full bladder compared with the standard process (not taking into account bladder status) without cervical manipulation.

METHODS:
A single-masked randomized trial was conducted in a single tertiary care center from July 2021 to January 2022. Two hundred fourteen participants aged 18 years or older who were scheduled for outpatient Pipelle endometrial sampling were randomized: 107 each to having a full bladder (by oral water intake) or standard process (without delayed sampling and bladder status not taken into account). Women with known cervical stenosis, gynecologic malignancy, uterine anomalies, leiomyoma distorting the uterine cavity, acute cervicitis, urge bladder dysfunction, intense anxiety, need for anesthesia or analgesic before the procedure, positive pregnancy test, or previous failed office endometrial sampling were excluded. The primary outcome was the insertion failure rate of endometrial sampling at first attempt. Secondary outcomes were pain during procedure, satisfaction score, analgesia use, procedure duration, and need for cervical manipulation. Factoring in a baseline insertion failure rate of 30.0%, relative risk of 0.45, α of 0.05, 80.0% power, and a dropout rate of 10.0%, we needed 107 participants in each arm.

RESULTS:
The insertion failure rate was significantly lower in the full bladder group compared with standard process: 25 of 107 (23.4%) compared with 45 of 107 (42.1%) (relative risk 0.56, 95% CI, 0.37–0.84; number needed to treat to benefit 6.0, 95% CI, 3.20–15.70). Pain score (median) during the procedure (interquartile range) was 4 (3–6) compared with 5 (3–8) (P=.004); patient satisfaction score was 8 (7–9) compared with 7 (4–8) (P<.001); and mean±SD procedure duration was 3.0±2.4 compared with 4.7±2.9 minutes (P<.001) for the full bladder and standard process arm, respectively. Other secondary outcomes of cervical laceration, analgesia use, and adequacy of endometrial tissue for histopathologic assessment were not significantly different between groups.

CONCLUSION:
Pipelle endometrial sampling with a full bladder reduces the initial insertion failure rate, procedure-related pain, and duration of sampling and increases patient satisfaction compared with the standard process.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ISRCTN, ISRCTN33938192.
Frailty Is More Predictive of Mortality than Age in Patients With Hip Fractures
Authors: Sagona Abigail , Ortega Carlos A. , Wang Liqin , Brameier Devon T. , Selzer Faith , Zhou Li , von Keudell Arvind 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To investigate the association between the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment-based Frailty Index and adverse outcomes in older adult patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Academic Level 1 Trauma Center.

Patients:
All patients aged 65 or older who underwent surgical repair of a hip fracture between May 2018 and August 2020 were identified through institutional database review.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Data including demographics, FI, injury presentation, and hospital course were collected. Patients were grouped by FI as nonfrail (FI < 0.21), frail (0.21 ≤ FI < 0.45), and severely frail (FI > 0.45). Adverse outcomes of these groups were compared using Kaplan Meier survival analysis. Risk factors for 1-year rehospitalization and 2-year mortality were evaluated using Cox hazard regression.

RESULTS:
Three hundred sixteen patients were included, with 62 nonfrail, 185 frail, and 69 severely frail patients. The total population was on average 83.8 years old, predominantly white (88.0%), and majority female (69.9%) with an average FI of 0.33 (SD: 0.14). The nonfrail cohort was on average 78.8 years old, 93.6% white, and 80.7% female; the frail cohort was on average 84.5 years old, 92.4% white, and 71.9% female; and the severely frail cohort was on average 86.4 years old, 71.0% white, and 55.1% female. Rate of 1-year readmission increased with frailty level, with a rate of 38% in nonfrail patients, 55.6% in frail patients, and 74.2% in severely frail patients (P = 0.001). The same pattern was seen in 2-year mortality rates, with a rate of 2.8% in nonfrail patients, 36.7% in frail patients, and 77.5% in severely frail patients (P < 0.0001). Being classified as frail or severely frail exhibited greater association with mortality within 2 years than age, with hazard ratio of 17.81 for frail patients and 56.81 for severely frail patients compared with 1.19 per 5 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS:
Increased frailty as measured by the Frailty Index is significantly associated with increased 2-year mortality and 1-year hospital readmission rates after hip fracture surgery. Degree of frailty predicts mortality more strongly than age alone. Assessing frailty with the Frailty Index can identify higher-risk surgical candidates, facilitate clinical decision making, and guide discussions about goals of care with family members, surgeons, and geriatricians.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
CD28-expressing δ T cells are increased in perivascular adipose tissue of hypertensive mice and in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese humans
Authors: Berillo Olga , Comeau Kevin , Caillon Antoine , Leclerc Séverine , Shokoples Brandon G. , Mahmoud Ahmad U.M. , Andelfinger Gregor , Paradis Pierre , Schiffrin Ernesto L. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
γδ T-lymphocytes play a role in angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertension, vascular injury and T-cell infiltration in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in mice. Mesenteric arteries of hypertensive mice and subcutaneous arteries from obese humans present similar remodeling. We hypothesized that γδ T-cell subtypes in mesenteric vessels with PVAT (MV/PVAT) from hypertensive mice and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from obese humans, who are prone to develop hypertension, would be similar.

Methods:
Mice were infused with AngII for 14 days. MV/PVAT T-cells were used for single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). scRNA-seq data (GSE155960) of SAT CD45+ cells from three lean and three obese women were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.

Results:
δ T-cell subclustering identified six δ T-cell subtypes. AngII increased T-cell receptor δ variable 4 (Trdv4)+ γδ T-effector memory cells and Cd28
high δ TEM-cells, changes confirmed by flow cytometry. δ T-cell subclustering identified nine δ T-cell subtypes in human SAT. CD28 expressing δ T-cell subclustering demonstrated similar δ T-cell subpopulations in murine MV/PVAT and human SAT. Cd28
+ γδ NKTEM and Cd28
high δ TEM-cells increased in MV/PVAT from hypertensive mice and CD28
high δ TEM-cells in SAT from obese women compared to the lean women.

Conclusion:
Similar CD28+ δ T-cells were identified in murine MV/PVAT and human SAT. CD28high δ TEM-cells increased in MV/PVAT in hypertensive mice and in SAT from humans with obesity, a prehypertensive condition. CD28+ δ T-lymphocytes could have a pathogenic role in human hypertension associated with obesity, and could be a potential target for therapy.
Prevalence of dyslipidemia among persons with type 2 diabetes in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ekpor Emmanuel , Addo-Mensah Dorothy , Akyirem Samuel 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Dyslipidemia is an established cardiovascular risk factor in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet the extent to which these conditions co-occur in Africa is unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia among persons with T2D in Africa.

Methods:
Medline, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched on 5 December 2023. This review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and was prospectively registered on PROSPERO. The prevalence data for dyslipidemia was pooled through a random-effects meta-analysis. The authors assessed heterogeneity and publication bias using I

2
statistics and Egger’s test, respectively.

Results:
Our search identified 8035 records, of which 60 articles involving 20 034 individuals with T2D were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia recorded 38.6% (95% CI: 34.1–43.4) for high TC (≥ 5.2 mmol/l), 52.7% (95% CI: 44.2–61.1) for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (≥ 2.6 mmol/l), 43.5% (95% CI: 37.1–50.0) for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (< 1.0 mmol/l in men and less than 1.3 mmol/l in women), and 37.4% (95% CI: 32.2–42.9) for high triglycerides (TG) (≥ 1.7 mmol/l). Subgroup analysis based on gender indicated a notably higher prevalence of dyslipidemia among females compared to males.

Conclusion:
Dyslipidemia is prevalent among persons with T2D in Africa. This highlights the need for early screening, diagnosis, and management of dyslipidemia to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular complications in this population.
Amyand’s hernia: a case of right inguinoscrotal hernia with appendiceal content
Authors: Khandelwal Shreya , Kaur Alamjeet , Singh Shashi , Ghosh Aneek 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Amyand’s hernia, a rare condition where the appendix becomes lodged in the inguinal canal, poses diagnostic challenges due to its varied clinical presentations and lack of distinctive radiological features. This case underscores the importance of early detection and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation.

Case Presentation:
A 30-year-old male presented with a 2-year history of right inguinoscrotal swelling, culminating in agonizing symptoms and irreducible masses over the inguinoscrotal area. Despite the absence of significant medical history, diagnostic imaging confirmed a complete right inguinoscrotal hernia and bilateral hydrocele with internal echoes.

Clinical Discussion:
The case illustrates the difficulties in preoperative diagnosis of Amyand’s hernia, emphasizing the reliance on imaging modalities and clinical assessment. Successful surgical intervention involving appendectomy and hernioplasty highlights the necessity for prompt diagnosis and management.

Conclusion:
This case exemplifies the challenges and complexities associated with Amyand’s hernia, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and comprehensive surgical planning. Moving forward, increased clinical vigilance and awareness are essential to ensure optimal patient outcomes in cases of inguinoscrotal pathology.
The Insidious Enemy of the Liver
Authors: Gökalp Gamze , Nalbant Tuğçe , Bıcılıoğlu Yüksel 
Published: May 2024

Acetaminophen poisoning can lead to liver toxicity, potentially resulting in death. We aimed to evaluate cases of acetaminophen poisoning and investigate the impact of early initiation of the only antidote N-AC (N-acetyl cysteine) used and explore whether there are other factors contributing to prognosis prediction.

Methods
This study was designed as a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study. The variables of the study were paracetamol overdose, demographic information, poisoning mechanisms, clinical, laboratory findings, and clinical progression of the cases. The cases compared in whom treatment was initiated within the first 8 hours after poisoning and those in whom it was not. χ2, t test, and logistic regression analyses were conducted at appropriate facilities.

Results
Three hundred forty-eight cases were included in the study. N-AC treatment was initiated within the first 8 hours after poisoning in 322 cases (92.5%), and 26 cases received N-AC treatment after 8 hours after poisoning. Liver toxicity developed in 6 cases (1.7%), and indications for liver transplantation were met in 36 cases (10.3%). Among the 26 cases for which treatment was not initiated within the first 8 hours, 18 cases (69.2%) had indications for liver transplantation (P < 0.01). It was found that N-AC within the first 8 hours reduced the risk by 43 times (P = 0.02) and being older than 6 years, being admitted to the intensive care unit, and having alanine aminotransferase values above 1000 U/L increased the risk significantly (P = 0.009, P = 0.005, P < 0.001). When a receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted for the 4th-hour blood acetaminophen level to predict liver transplantation, a value of 684.5 μg/mL emerged with 89% sensitivity and 93% specificity (area under the curve, 0.951).

Conclusions
As a result, this study demonstrates the protective effect of early-initiated N-AC therapy on liver toxicity in pediatric acetaminophen poisoning cases. It also highlights a significant impact of gastrointestinal decontamination methods.
Quantifying the impact of contact tracing interview prioritisation strategies on disease transmission
Authors: Wu Logan , Baker Christopher M. , Tierney Nick , Carville Kylie , McVernon Jodie , McCaw James , Golding Nick , Shearer Freya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractContact tracing is an important public health measure used to reduce transmission of infectious diseases. Contact tracers typically conduct telephone interviews with cases to identify contacts and direct them to quarantine, with the aim of preventing onward transmission. However, in situations where caseloads exceed the capacity of the public health system, timely interviews may not be feasible for all cases. Here we present a modelling framework for assessing the impact of different case interview prioritisation strategies on disease transmission. Our model is based on Australian contact tracing procedures and informed by contact tracing data on COVID-19 cases notified in Australia from 2020–21. Our results demonstrate that last-in-first-out strategies are more effective at reducing transmission than first-in-first-out strategies or strategies with no explicit prioritisation. To maximise the public health benefit from a given case interview capacity, public health practitioners should consider our findings when designing case interview prioritisation protocols for outbreak response.