bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflict dynamics in a dam construction project: a case study
Authors: Kishor Mahato Braj , Ogunlana Stephen O. 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a model for a comprehensive and integrated approach to managing interface conflict from the early stages of a dam construction project.Design/methodology/approachA case study methodology is adopted. Following comprehensive literature review, qualitative data were gathered from case studies through interviews conducted on the Middle Marsyangdi Hydroelectric Project (MMHEP) dam project in Nepal. Causal loop diagrams on the typical evolution of key indicators of interface conflict were then developed and a simulate‐able model of interface conflict was derived using system dynamic modeling technique. The model was then simulated to derive viable policies for future management of dam construction projects in developing countries.FindingsThe study reveals that interface conflicts at the construction stage of projects are caused mainly by lack of effective Environmental Impact Assessment, public participation and mutual consultation, on timely basis and accurate information from the early stages of projects. The system dynamic model is able to replicate general behavior of evolution of interface conflict in a dam construction project. Furthermore, the study explored three viable policies to avoid and minimize interface conflict in the construction stage of a dam project. The policies were tested and demonstrated to be useful in improving the value of projects to stakeholders. It is demonstrated that a combination of policies is better than adopting a single policy to stakeholder management.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates the utility of system dynamics as a modeling tool for understanding the dynamics of conflicts on dam construction projects. The model should be helpful to policy makers on large projects, especially those likely to be subject to social and environmental conflict. Policies derived from the model have the potential of being used to assess and take proactive measures to manage conflicts effectively and efficiently from early in a project's life.
Bayesian analysis for causes of failure at a water utility
Authors: Singh Amarjit 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to inform facility managers of the type of failure affecting certain pipe types more than others. This is useful in asset management as preventive maintenance can be undertaken for those pipe types that experience high probabilities of failure.Design/methodology/approachThe probability of a specific pipe type failing given the cause of break, age at failure, pipe diameter, and type of soil at the location of the break was found using inventory and main break data from the Honolulu Board of Water Supply (HBWS). Bayes’ theorem was then applied to find the posterior probabilities of failure starting from the prior probabilities of failure.FindingsIt was observed that the greatest probabilities of failure involved corrosion, pipes aged between 20‐30 years, 8″ pipes, and pipes in fill material. The pipe types were ranked and scored based on their probability of failing due to break cause, age, diameter, and soil type. Cast iron pipes were shown to have the highest probability of failing. As such, attention should be given to replace segments of cast iron pipes as they reach the end of their service lives.Practical implicationsThis study serves to address a major query in asset management at a public utility, that of which pipes should be selected for replacement when they reach the end of their service life. In addition, this study helps to understand the causes of failure for the various types of pipe.Social ImplicationsThe importance of having reliable water supply at low cost has immense social implications in modern communities. To deliver such service, water pipe assets have to be managed efficiently.Originality/valueThis paper addresses the probability of failure in a straightforward manner that the water utility can easily apply to its own data, both in its design and asset management.
Quantification of the adverse effect of ethinylestradiol containing oral contraceptive pills when used in conjunction with growth hormone replacement in routine practice
Authors: Phelan Niamh , Conway Sophy H. , Llahana Sofia , Conway Gerard S. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryObjective  Oestrogen antagonizes the action of growth hormone (GH). For women with combined GH and oestrogen deficiency, transdermal oestradiol is more favourable in this regard compared to oral oestradiol. Oral contraceptive pills containing ethinylestradiol (EE) are commonly used in young women with GHD and there is little information on the impact of this form of oestrogen.Design  A case note review of women with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) attending a tertiary endocrine clinic comparing the dose of GH and serum insulin‐like growth factor 1 concentrations and the type of exogenous oestrogen.Methods  All women with GHD between the ages of 18 and 47 attending University College London Hospitals (UCLH) were included and grouped according to type of oestrogen replacement. Weight, GH dose and serum IGF‐I concentrations were recorded at 121 visits in 88 women.Results  The daily dose of GH was significantly higher and the GH responsivity was significantly lower in the EE group compared to those taking no oestrogen and transdermal oestrogen. The additional cost of GH for women using EE compared to transdermal oestradiol was £6016 per patient per year. Effectiveness of GH improved in all women changing from EE to another form of oestrogen.Conclusion  Use of oral contraceptive pills containing EE should be avoided in women receiving treatment with GH. Alternative options include oral or transdermal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) preparations for those that require oestrogen replacement or a progesterone‐based regimen for contraceptive purposes.
Complementary therapies in rehabilitation: stroke patients’ narratives. Part 2
Authors: van der Riet Pamela , Dedkhard Saowapa , Srithong Kannapatch 
Published: November 2011

Aims and objectives.  To document the narratives of nursing staff and patients in a Thailand Rehabilitation Centre where complementary therapies are used and to discuss perceived progress of these stroke patients. Specific complementary therapies used at this Rehabilitation Centre include Thai massage and herbal therapies.Background.  Whilst there has been a small amount of quantitative research on stroke patients and complementary therapies there has been no qualitative research on the experience of stroke patients and the use of complementary therapies.Design.  Qualitative pilot study using narrative inquiry and discourse analysis framed by poststructural theory.Method.  Six stroke patients were interviewed about their involvement in complementary therapy practice and treatments and their experiences of these therapies in rehabilitation.Results.  This study represents a reflective mining of patients’ stories and captures the main theme of changes in stroke patients’ embodiment and a main discourse of attending to and enabling progress. Throughout the storylines there are many other discourses such as hope, desire, helplessness, despair, fear, motivation, gratefulness, gladness and fragility.Conclusion.  Threaded throughout the stroke patients’ stories of their rehabilitation there is a layering of discourses involving tensions and a longing to overcome their disability. There are twists and detours in their stories that show the complexity of the illness experience. Progress is not straightforward with a quick recovery. Many contexts or variables influence progress such as spatiality, temporality and people.Relevance to clinical practice.  What is offered here is the reality of the rehabilitation process for stroke patients. Through the use of narrative inquiry the contexts of people, spatiality (environment) and temporality (time) are an important part of rehabilitation process.
The risk factors effecting the dry mouth in inpatients in Hospital in west Anatolia
Authors: Güneş Zeynep , Denat Yıldız , Müezzinoğlu Merve , Şen Şahsene , Yılmaz Sezen , Atlı Ezgi 
Published: November 2011

Aim.  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inpatients with dry mouth and the associated risk factors.Background.  Dry mouth is defined as the excessive decrease in the amount of saliva. Hyposalivation may lead to rapid deterioration in oral health and may facilitate the development of opportunistic oral infections. Oral hygiene and evaluation of oral health are basic nursing activities.Design.  Cross‐sectional.Participants.  The sample size was determined to be 90 inpatients according to the power analysis calculated for the patients with dry mouth who were able or unable to take oral liquids. The study was completed with 247 inpatients in the Internal Medicine Clinic.Methods.  A patient information form was used to collect the data for the present study. Saliva samples taken for analyses of flow rates.Results.  The amount of saliva of patients who were unable to take oral liquid was 10·7 times lower than those taking >1500 ml of liquids daily. The amount of saliva of patients receiving humidified oxygen was 2·3 times lower than those not receiving humidified oxygen. The amount of saliva of those receiving anticholinergic drugs was 3·64 times lower than those not receiving anticholinergic drugs.Conclusions.  Inability to take oral liquids and receiving humidified oxygen and anticholinergic drug therapy were significant factors for the development of dry mouth.Relevance to clinical practice.  The results are important for determining the risk factors for dry mouth. Being aware of dry mouth and knowing the associated risk factors are valuable information for nurses to initiate required procedures, as well as to prevent the development of oral health problems.
Dual involvement of a Medicago truncatula NAC transcription factor in root abiotic stress response and symbiotic nodule senescence
Authors: de Zélicourt Axel , Diet Anouck , Marion Jessica , Laffont Carole , Ariel Federico , Moison Michaël , Zahaf Ons , Crespi Martin , Gruber Véronique , Frugier Florian 
Published: November 2011

SummaryLegume crops related to the model plant Medicago truncatula can adapt their root architecture to environmental conditions, both by branching and by establishing a symbiosis with rhizobial bacteria to form nitrogen‐fixing nodules. Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress affecting plant yield and root growth. Previous transcriptomic analyses identified several transcription factors linked to the M. truncatula response to salt stress in roots, including NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC)‐encoding genes. Over‐expression of one of these transcription factors, MtNAC969, induced formation of a shorter and less‐branched root system, whereas RNAi‐mediated MtNAC969 inactivation promoted lateral root formation. The altered root system of over‐expressing plants was able to maintain its growth under high salinity, and roots in which MtNAC969 was down‐regulated showed improved growth under salt stress. Accordingly, expression of salt stress markers was decreased or induced in MtNAC969 over‐expressing or RNAi roots, respectively, suggesting a repressive function for this transcription factor in the salt‐stress response. Expression of MtNAC969 in central symbiotic nodule tissues was induced by nitrate treatment, and antagonistically affected by salt in roots and nodules, similarly to senescence markers. MtNAC969 RNAi nodules accumulated amyloplasts in the nitrogen‐fixing zone, and were prematurely senescent. Therefore, the MtNAC969 transcription factor, which is differentially affected by environmental cues in root and nodules, participates in several pathways controlling adaptation of the M. truncatula root system to the environment.
Mutagenesis of cysteine 81 prevents dimerization of the APS1 subunit of ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase and alters diurnal starch turnover in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves
Authors: Hädrich Nadja , Hendriks Janneke H.M. , Kötting Oliver , Arrivault Stéphanie , Feil Regina , Zeeman Samuel C. , Gibon Yves , Schulze Waltraud X. , Stitt Mark , Lunn John E. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryMany plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana, retain a substantial portion of their photosynthate in leaves in the form of starch, which is remobilized to support metabolism and growth at night. ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) catalyses the first committed step in the pathway of starch synthesis, the production of ADP‐glucose. The enzyme is redox‐activated in the light and in response to sucrose accumulation, via reversible breakage of an intermolecular cysteine bridge between the two small (APS1) subunits. The biological function of this regulatory mechanism was investigated by complementing an aps1 null mutant (adg1) with a series of constructs containing a full‐length APS1 gene encoding either the wild‐type APS1 protein or mutated forms in which one of the five cysteine residues was replaced by serine. Substitution of Cys81 by serine prevented APS1 dimerization, whereas mutation of the other cysteines had no effect. Thus, Cys81 is both necessary and sufficient for dimerization of APS1. Compared to control plants, the adg1/APS1C81S lines had higher levels of ADP‐glucose and maltose, and either increased rates of starch synthesis or a starch‐excess phenotype, depending on the daylength. APS1 protein levels were five‐ to tenfold lower in adg1/APS1C81S lines than in control plants. These results show that redox modulation of AGPase contributes to the diurnal regulation of starch turnover, with inappropriate regulation of the enzyme having an unexpected impact on starch breakdown, and that Cys81 may play an important role in the regulation of AGPase turnover.
Genetic testing and screening of individuals at risk of NF2
Authors: Evans DG , Raymond FL , Barwell JG , Halliday D 
Published: November 2011

Evans DG, Raymond FL, Barwell JG, Halliday D. Genetic testing and screening of individuals at risk of NF2.Genetic testing and management of the at‐risk individual for neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is complicated by the well‐documented risk of mosaicism that causes a milder later onset more asymmetrical disease course. Risks of NF2 were derived from genetic testing of over 1000 individuals through the Manchester NF2‐testing service. Individuals are at risk of NF2 or have ‘potential’ NF2 if they have features of the disease that fall short of diagnostic criteria or are the first‐degree relative of someone with NF2 or suspected NF2. The present protocol devised for the Nationally Commissioned Group (NCG) NF2 service in England addresses the risks, genetic testing and screening protocol for individuals at risk of NF2. Screening with cranial magnetic resonance imaging is advised until the risk of NF2 falls below a pragmatic threshold of 1%. Multiple case scenarios are shown to illustrate how to use the protocol.
Towards an evidence‐based process for the clinical interpretation of copy number variation
Authors: Riggs ER , Church DM , Hanson K , Horner VL , Kaminsky EB , Kuhn RM , Wain KE , Williams ES , Aradhya S , Kearney HM , Ledbetter DH , South ST , Thorland EC , Martin CL 
Published: November 2011

Riggs ER, Church DM, Hanson K, Horner VL, Kaminsky EB, Kuhn RM, Wain KE, Williams ES, Aradhya S, Kearney HM, Ledbetter DH, South ST, Thorland EC, Martin CL. Towards an evidence‐based process for the clinical interpretation of copy number variation.The evidence‐based review (EBR) process has been widely used to develop standards for medical decision‐making and to explore complex clinical questions. This approach can be applied to genetic tests, such as chromosomal microarrays, in order to assist in the clinical interpretation of certain copy number variants (CNVs), particularly those that are rare, and guide array design for optimal clinical utility. To address these issues, the International Standards for Cytogenomic Arrays Consortium has established an EBR Work Group charged with building a framework to systematically assess the potential clinical relevance of CNVs throughout the genome. This group has developed a rating system enumerating the evidence supporting or refuting dosage sensitivity for individual genes and regions that considers the following criteria: number of causative mutations reported; patterns of inheritance; consistency of phenotype; evidence from large‐scale case‐control studies; mutational mechanisms; data from public genome variation databases; and expert consensus opinion. The system is designed to be dynamic in nature, with regions being reevaluated periodically to incorporate emerging evidence. The evidence collected will be displayed within a publically available database, and can be used in part to inform clinical laboratory CNV interpretations as well as to guide array design.
Overnight changes in waking auditory evoked potential amplitude reflect altered sleep homeostasis in major depression
Authors: Goldstein M. R. , Plante D. T. , Hulse B. K. , Sarasso S. , Landsness E. C. , Tononi G. , Benca R. M. 
Published: November 2011

Goldstein MR, Plante DT, Hulse BK, Sarasso S, Landsness EC, Tononi G, Benca RM. Overnight changes in waking auditory evoked potential amplitude reflect altered sleep homeostasis in major depression.Objective:  Sleep homeostasis is altered in major depressive disorder (MDD). Pre‐ to postsleep decline in waking auditory evoked potential (AEP) amplitude has been correlated with sleep slow wave activity (SWA), suggesting that overnight changes in waking AEP amplitude are homeostatically regulated in healthy individuals. This study investigated whether the overnight change in waking AEP amplitude and its relation to SWA is altered in MDD.Method:  Using 256‐channel high‐density electroencephalography, all‐night sleep polysomnography and single‐tone waking AEPs pre‐ and postsleep were collected in 15 healthy controls (HC) and 15 non‐medicated individuals with MDD.Results:  N1 and P2 amplitudes of the waking AEP declined after sleep in the HC group, but not in MDD. The reduction in N1 amplitude also correlated with fronto‐central SWA in the HC group, but a comparable relationship was not found in MDD, despite equivalent SWA between groups. No pre‐ to postsleep differences were found for N1 or P2 latencies in either group. These findings were not confounded by varying levels of alertness or differences in sleep variables between groups.Conclusion:  MDD involves altered sleep homeostasis as measured by the overnight change in waking AEP amplitude. Future research is required to determine the clinical implications of these findings.
Predictors of persistence in girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results from an 11‐year controlled follow‐up study
Authors: Biederman J. , Petty C. R. , O’Connor K. B. , Hyder L. L. , Faraone S. V. 
Published: November 2011

Biederman J, Petty CR, O’Connor KB, Hyder LL, Faraone SV. Predictors of persistence in girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results from an 11‐year controlled follow‐up study.Objective:  This study sought to examine the age‐dependent persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its predictors in a large sample of girls with and without ADHD followed prospectively for 11 years into young adulthood.Method:  Participants were girls with (N = 96) and without (N = 91) ADHD and were 6–17 years old at the baseline assessment (mean age, 11 years) and 15–30 years old at the follow‐up assessment (mean: 22 years). Participants were comprehensively and blindly assessed with structured diagnostic interviews and assessments of cognitive, social, school, and family functioning.Results:  At the 11‐year follow‐up, 33.3% met full criteria for ADHD, 29.2% showed partial persistence of the disorder, 10.4% had impaired functioning, and 4.2% were remitted but treated (77.1% of the sample). Predictors of persistence were psychiatric comorbidity, family history of psychopathology, and family and school functioning at baseline.Conclusion:  These long‐term, prospective, follow‐up findings extend to girls findings that ADHD is persistent over the long term and can be predicted from psychosocial adversity and psychiatric comorbidity ascertained 11 years earlier.
Combined immunohistochemistry for thyroid peroxidase, galectin‐3, CK19 and HBME‐1 in differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors
Authors: PAUNOVIC IVAN , ISIC TIJANA , HAVELKA MARIJA , TATIC SVETISLAV , CVEJIC DUBRAVKA , SAVIN SVETLANA 
Published: November 2011

Paunovic I, Isic T, Havelka M, Tatic S, Cvejic D, Savin S. Combined immunohistochemistry for thyroid peroxidase, galectin‐3, CK19 and HBME‐1 in differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors. APMIS 2012; 120: 368–79.We evaluated some proposed molecular thyroid tumor markers: thyroid peroxidase (TPO), galectin‐3, cytokeratin‐19, and HBME‐1, individually and in combination, by immunohistochemistry in a total of 242 archival thyroid tissue sections. The expression of each individual marker was most helpful for the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma and its follicular variant. However, none of them was sensitive and specific enough to discriminate between Hürthle adenoma and carcinoma. Galectin‐3 and HBME‐1 could be used as single discriminators between follicular thyroid adenoma and carcinoma, but HBME‐1 is the better choice. As a single test, all analyzed tumor markers had sufficient power to predict differentiated thyroid cancer, with sensitivities ranging from 66.5% to 82.2%. The sensitivity was improved by using combinations of some proposed markers. Only two antigens, HBME‐1 and TPO, had distinct predictive values for different diagnostic alternatives i.e. a sequential combination improved diagnostic accuracy between follicular thyroid adenoma and the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma to 92.6% and consequently, between overall benign and malignant thyroid tumors to 89.1%. HBME‐1 is the most accurate ancillary stain in discriminating well‐differentiated thyroid carcinomas from benign tumors, although the addition of TPO did improve accuracy and served as a useful confirmatory marker.
Impact of interleukin‐8 gene polymorphisms and environmental factors on oral cancer susceptibility in Taiwan
Authors: Liu C‐M , Yeh C‐J , Yu C‐C , Chou M‐Y , Lin C‐H , Wei L‐H , Lin C‐W , Yang S‐F , Chien M‐H 
Published: November 2011

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 307–314Objectives:  Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), which is an angiogenic chemokine with a high expression level in tumor tissues, plays important roles in developing many human malignancies including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study was designed to examine the association of IL‐8 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC.Methods:  A total of 270 patients with OSCC and 350 healthy control subjects were recruited. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL‐8 genes were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) genotyping analysis.Results:  Results showed that four IL‐8 SNPs (−251 T/A, +781 C/T, +1633 C/T, and +2767 A/T) were not associated with oral cancer susceptibility as well as clinicopathological parameters. But among 345 smokers, IL‐8 polymorphisms carriers with betel quid chewing were found to have a 17.41‐ to 23.14‐fold risk to have oral cancer compared to IL‐8 wild‐type carriers without betel quid chewing. Among 262 betel quid chewers, IL‐8 polymorphisms carriers with smoking have a 10.54‐ to 20.44‐fold risk to have oral cancer compared to those who carried wild type without smoking.Conclusions:  Our results suggest that the combination of IL‐8 gene polymorphisms and environmental carcinogens might be highly related to the risk of oral cancer.