bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airway obstruction in a dog after Dieffenbachia ingestion
Authors: Peterson Katherine , Beymer Jessica , Rudloff Elke , O'Brien Mauria 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective
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To describe a case of Dieffenbachia ingestion in a dog presented for dysphagia and airway obstruction successfully treated with a temporary tracheostomy and supportive care beyond that reported in the veterinary literature.Case Summary
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An 8‐year‐old male neutered Labrador Retriever, weighing 30 kg, was presented with the complaint of choking and gagging. Abdominal radiographs showed that he had a distended stomach full of foreign material and a gastrotomy was performed. After receiving preanesthetic medication, the dog developed inspiratory stridor and during anesthetic induction, marked oropharyngeal swelling complicated tracheal intubation. During surgery a large amount of dog bedding and Dieffenbachia plant material was removed. Because of the severity of the oropharyngeal swelling, the dog required a temporary tracheostomy and treatment for an acute allergic reaction related to the Dieffenbachia ingestion. The patient was discharged after 6 days in the hospital and had no significant complications.New or Unique Information Provided
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To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of successful treatment of an airway obstruction related to the toxicity of Dieffenbachia ingestion.
Measurements of microvascular perfusion in healthy anesthetized dogs using orthogonal polarization spectral imaging
Authors: Silverstein Deborah C. , Pruett‐Saratan II Antonio , Drobatz Kenneth J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective
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To determine normal microvascular assessment parameters for healthy, anesthetized dogs.Design
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Prospective investigational descriptive study.Setting
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University Teaching Hospital.Animals
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Fifteen client‐owned, systemically healthy dogs that were undergoing general anesthesia for an elective procedure.Interventions
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A sidestream dark‐field videomicroscope probe was placed in the mouth at the mucogingival junction above the canine tooth and 3 video recordings of the microcirculation were made for later analysis by 2 independent, blinded reviewers.Measurements and Main Results
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The videos were analyzed to determine the total vessel density, proportion of perfused vessels, microcirculatory flow index, and perfused vessel density. A range of values for these indices were obtained and reported.Conclusions
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The microcirculation of normal dogs is readily observable using the videomicroscope and recorded video segments can be used to determine microcirculatory measurements. These values may prove useful for comparison in future studies that examine canine microcirculatory parameters.
The benzoxathiolone LYR‐71 down‐regulates interferon‐γ‐inducible pro‐inflammatory genes by uncoupling tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT‐1 in macrophages
Authors: Chung E‐Y , Kim B‐H , Lee I‐J , Roh E , Oh S‐J , Kwak J‐A , Lee Y‐R , Ahn B , Nam S‐Y , Han S‐B , Kim Y 
Published: November 2009

Background and purpose:  Benzoxathiolone derivatives have shown anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential in acne and psoriatic disorders. However, little is known about the molecular basis for these pharmacological effects. In this study, we decided to investigate the anti‐inflammatory actions of a benzoxathiolone derivative LYR‐71, 6‐methyl‐2‐propylimino‐6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐benzo[1,3]oxathiol‐4‐one, in interferon (IFN)‐γ‐activated macrophages.Experimental approach:  RAW 264.7 macrophages or primary macrophages, derived from bone marrow of C3H/HeJ mice, were stimulated with IFN‐γ in the presence of LYR‐71. Nitric oxide (NO) or chemokine production was measured by Griess reaction or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. RAW 264.7 cells were used to examine the molecular mechanisms of LYR‐71 in modulating IFN‐γ‐induced inflammatory responses.Key results:  LYR‐71 down‐regulated IFN‐γ‐induced transcription of inducible NO synthase, IFN‐γ‐inducible protein‐10 and the monokine induced by IFN‐γ genes in macrophages. This effect was mediated by uncoupling tyrosine phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)‐1 in response to IFN‐γ. LYR‐71 directly inhibited the in vitro catalytic activity of Janus kinase (JAK)‐2. Further, the inhibitory actions of LYR‐71 on IFN‐γ‐induced STAT‐1 phosphorylation and NO production were consistently abolished in the presence of peroxyvanadate, implying another target dependent on protein tyrosine phosphatase.Conclusions and implications:  Taken together, LYR‐71 could restrain IFN‐γ‐induced inflammatory responses through uncoupling the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT‐1, an activation index of JAK–STAT‐1 signalling, in macrophages. These results may provide a molecular mechanism underlying anti‐inflammatory actions shown by benzoxathiolone derivatives.
Altered Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress But Not to Cold Pressure Test in Migraine
Authors: Domingues Renan B. , Fonseca Kelly B. , Ziviane Luciene F. , Domingues Simone A. , Vassalo Dalton 
Published: November 2009

(Headache 2010;50:133‐137)Objectives.— This study assessed cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress and cold pressure test in migraineurs and controls. It compared the cardiovascular reactivity between patients with migraine with aura and patients with migraine without aura.Background.— Several studies have assessed the autonomic nervous system functioning and cardiovascular responses to stressor stimuli in migraine. Cold pressure test and sustained attention tasks are distinct forms of induced stress. It is still unknown if patients with migraine have distinct patterns of response to sustained attention tasks and cold pressure test, since no previous studies have evaluated the cardiovascular responses to these 2 distinct types of stress in the same population of migraine patients.Methods.— Two distinct protocols were used to induce cardiovascular reactivity. Mental stress was induced by using a Stroop test card, a procedure involving the maintenance of the attention control. The other protocol was the cold pressure test. The blood pressure and heart rate were digitally recorded in rest and test phases. The mean elevation and the variance of blood pressure and heart rate were compared between groups.Results.— Patients with migraine had higher rest systolic blood pressure and lower heart rate induced by mental stress than controls. There were no differences between migraineurs and controls with cold pressure test. There were no differences between migraineurs with and without aura.Conclusion.— There was a significantly different pattern of cardiovascular reactivity between migraineurs and controls with mental stress but not with cold pressure test. Distinct central nervous system structures are involved in these 2 types of stress. A distinct pattern of activation of the prefrontal cortex—periaqueductal gray matter circuit in migraine may explain a singular autonomic reactivity to mental stress in this disease.
Migraine Does Not Affect Cognitive Decline: Results From the Maastricht Aging Study
Authors: Baars Maria A.E. , Van Boxtel Martin P.J. , Jolles Jelle 
Published: November 2009

(Headache 2010;50:176‐184)Objective.— To investigate the effects of migraine and related pharmacotherapy on cognitive performance and cognitive change over time in a longitudinal population‐based study.Methods.— Migraineurs (n = 99) and healthy controls (n = 1724) participating in the Maastricht Aging Study were cognitively tested at baseline and after 6 years. Scores on Mini Mental State Examination, immediate and delayed recall tests, and tests for simple and complex speed were compared for both groups. Generalized Estimating Equations analyses were performed to test the longitudinal effects of migraines on cognition. Effects of migraine medication use were also tested.Results.— Migraine headaches were found to have no effect on any of the cognitive measures. Medication use also had no effect on all cognitive measures.Conclusions.— No evidence was found that migraine headaches or migraine‐related medication use are risk or protective factors for cognitive dysfunction or cognitive deterioration over time.
Rupture of Middle Fossa Arachnoid Cyst Simulating New‐Onset Migraine With Aura
Authors: Gil‐Gouveia Raquel , Miguens José , Coiteiro Domingos 
Published: November 2009

(Headache 2010;50:314‐322)Arachnoid cysts represent a common, innocent, finding in routine neuroimaging of headache patients. We present the first report of symptomatic migraine with aura caused by the spontaneous rupture of a middle fossa arachnoid cyst into the subdural space. Brain imaging enabled an accurate diagnosis and, subsequently, adequate surgical management.
Kynurenate Derivative Attenuates the Nitroglycerin‐Induced CamKIIα and CGRP Expression Changes
Authors: Vámos Enikő , Fejes Annamária , Koch Júlia , Tajti János , Fülöp Ferenc , Toldi József , Párdutz Árpád , Vécsei László 
Published: November 2009

(Headache 2010;50:834‐843)Objective.— To examine the efficacy of L‐kynurenine and a novel kynurenic acid derivative on the nitroglycerin‐induced calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II alpha (CamKIIα) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) expression changes in the rat caudal trigeminal nucleus.Background.— Systemic administration of the nitric oxide donor nitroglycerin can trigger an attack in migraineurs. In the rat, nitroglycerin activates second‐order neurons in the caudal trigeminal nucleus, and increases expression of the CamKIIα and decreases that of the CGRP there. As glutamatergic mechanisms may be crucial in trigeminal pain processing, the aim of our study was to examine the effects of L‐kynurenine, a metabolic precursor of the N‐methyl D‐aspartate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid, on the nitroglycerin‐induced changes in CamKIIα and CGRP immunoreactivity.Methods.— One hour before the nitroglycerin (10 mg/kg bodyweight, s.c.) injection, the animals were pretreated with L‐kynurenine (300 mg/kg bodyweight, i.p.) or 2‐(2‐N,N‐dimethylaminoethylamine‐1‐carbonyl)‐1H‐quinolin‐4‐one hydrochloride (300 mg/kg bodyweight, i.p.), a novel kynurenic acid derivative. Four hours later, the rats were perfused transcardially and the cervical spinal cord segments were removed for immunohistochemistry.Results.— L‐kynurenine and 2‐(2‐N,N‐dimethylaminoethylamine‐1‐carbonyl)‐1H‐quinolin‐4‐one hydrochloride pretreatment attenuated the nitroglycerin‐induced changes in CamKIIα and CGRP immunoreactivity in the rat caudal trigeminal nucleus.Conclusions.— These findings suggest a mechanism by which the inhibition of the excitatory amino acid receptors by kynurenic acid and its derivatives can alter trigeminal nociception.
Functional cortical deafferentation from the subcortical structures in a patient with early myoclonic encephalopathy: A functional neuroimaging study
Authors: Hirose Mieko , Haginoya Kazuhiro , Yokoyama Hiroyuki , Tanaka Soichiro , Uematsu Mitsugu , Kaneta Tomohiro , Takayanagi Masaru , Kon Kimiya , Yoshihara Yasushi , Iinuma Kazuie , Tsuchiya Shigeru 
Published: November 2009

SummaryWe, for the first time, used functional neuroimaging analyses for a girl with early myoclonic encephalopathy (EME). The interictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and [18F]‐fluoro‐d‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) at 1 month of age showed hypoperfusion and hypometabolism of bilateral basal ganglia, thalami, and the right parietooccipital cerebral cortices, showing that there is profound dysfunction of the basal ganglia and thalamus as well as cerebral cortex. On the other hand, subtraction ictal SPECT of tonic spasms clearly showed hyperperfusion of the bilateral basal ganglia, thalami, brainstem, and deep cortical layer of bilateral frontoparietal cortices. The present study suggests that functional deafferentation of the cortex from subcortical structures exists in EME, and that these imaging abnormalities may provide insight into the pathophysiology of suppression‐burst pattern in EME.
Normal Body Mass Index Rather than Obesity Predicts Greater Mortality in Elderly People: The Jerusalem Longitudinal Study
Authors: Stessman Jochanan , Jacobs Jeremy M. , Ein‐Mor Eliana , Bursztyn Michael 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in older people.DESIGN: A longitudinal cohort study of an age‐homogenous, representative sample born in 1920/21.SETTING: Community‐based home assessments.PARTICIPANTS: West Jerusalem residents born in 1920/21 examined at baseline in 1990 (n=447), with additional recruitment waves in 1998 (n=870) and 2005 (n=1,086).MEASUREMENTS: Comprehensive assessment of health variables including BMI (m/kg2) at ages 70, 78, and 85. The primary outcome of mortality was collected from age 70 to 88 (1990–2008). Adjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality according to unit increase in BMI.RESULTS: A unit increase in BMI in women resulted in HRs of 0.94, (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.89–0.99) at age 70, 0.95 (95% CI=0.91–0.98) at age 78, and 0.91 (95% CI=0.86–0.98) at age 85. Similarly, in men, HRs were 0.99 (95% CI=0.95–1.05) at age 70, 0.94 (95% CI=0.91–0.98) at age 78, and 0.91 (95% CI=0.86–0.98) at age 85. A time‐dependent analysis of 450 subjects followed for 18 years confirmed the above findings; a unit increase in BMI resulted in HRs of 0.93 (95% CI=0.87–0.99) in women and 0.93(95% CI=0.88–0.98) in men. Eliminating the first third of follow‐up mortality to account for possibility of reverse causality did not change the results.CONCLUSION: Higher BMI was associated with lower mortality from age 70 to 88.
Should Oral Nutritional Supplementation Be Given to Undernourished Older People upon Hospital Discharge? A Controlled Trial
Authors: McMurdo Marion E. T. , Price Rosemary J. G. , Shields Melanie , Potter Jan , Stott David J. 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVES:To determine whether the oral nutritional supplementation of undernourished older people upon discharge from hospital improves muscle function and reduces disability.DESIGN:Randomized controlled trial.SETTING:Community‐based study in two centers in Scotland.PARTICIPANTS:Two hundred fifty‐three people.INTERVENTION:Randomization to oral nutritional supplementation (600 kcal/d) or control supplement of 200 kcal/d.MEASUREMENTS:Primary outcome (20‐point activity of daily living Barthel Index) and secondary outcomes (handgrip strength, Sit‐to‐Stand test, and Euroquol) were measured at baseline (after discharge from the hospital and before supplement was commenced) and 8 and 16 weeks and accelerometry‐measured physical activity levels at baseline and 16 weeks. Falls were recorded prospectively.RESULTS:Mean age was 82. There was no significant difference in change in Barthel score between supplement and control groups (adjusted mean difference=0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI)=−0.28–0.84). Handgrip strength improved more in the supplemented group (adjusted mean difference=1.52 kg, 95% CI=0.50–2.55;P=.004). The supplemented group exhibited modestly greater vector movement (overall activity) than controls (P=.02). There were no significant between‐group differences in Sit‐to‐Stand test, health‐related quality of life, or falls. Adherence was 38.2% in the nutritional supplement group and 50.0% in the control supplement group. Weight did not increase in the nutritional supplement group as a whole, but on‐treatment analysis adjusting for adherence showed a mean weight gain of 1.17 kg (95% CI=0.07–2.27;P=.04) more than in controls.CONCLUSION:Oral nutritional supplementation of undernourished older people upon hospital discharge did not reduce disability, despite improving handgrip strength and modestly increasing objectively measured physical activity levels. Lack of an effect of the nutritional supplement used in this study may have been due to low adherence, suggesting that different approaches to nutritional supplementation need to be tested in this population.
Validation of Coronary Sinus Activation Pattern During Left Atrial Appendage Pacing for Beat‐to‐Beat Assessment of Mitral Isthmus Conduction/Block
Authors: PAISEY JOHN , BETTS TIM R. , BONO JOSEPH DE , RAJAPPAN KIM , TOMLINSON DAVID , BASHIR YAVER 
Published: November 2009

Assessment of Mitral Isthmus. Introduction: Mitral isthmus (MI) ablation for treatment of perimitral flutter is often performed during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation but is technically challenging. Traditional assessment of MI conduction by left atrial activation mapping while pacing from either side of the line is time‐consuming, and cannot be performed during ongoing ablation. Analysis of the coronary sinus (CS) activation pattern during left atrial appendage (LAA) pacing has been proposed as a simpler technique for evaluating MI conduction, enabling beat‐to‐beat assessment of conduction during ablation procedures and prompt identification of conduction block.
Methods:
MI conduction was evaluated in 40 patients undergoing MI ablation using both: ((i) endocardial activation mapping and other standard techniques, and (ii) CS activation pattern during LAA pacing (change from distal‐to‐proximal activation to proximal‐to‐distal taken to signify the onset of MI block)
Results:
CS activation sequence was used to assess conduction in 39 of 40 patients (unable to advance CS catheter distally in one case). MI block was achieved in 36 of 39 cases. The mean MI conduction time (LAA to distal CS) was 92.9 ± 25.9 ms prior to ablation and 178.4 ± 59.9 ms after MI block was confirmed. The mean step‐out in conduction time at point of block was 80.8 ± 40.6 ms. In all individuals in whom CS activation indicated block, there was concordance with endocardial activation, differential pacing and, where detectable, presence of widely split double potentials. CS lesions were required to achieve block in 24 of 36 (67%) successful cases. Radiofrequency application time and procedure time to achieve MI block were 10.8 ± 6.0 minutes and 21.1 ± 15.3 minutes, respectively. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 418–422, April 2010)
Long‐Term Functional and Neurocognitive Recovery in Patients Who Had an Acute Cerebrovascular Event Secondary to Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: PATEL DIMPI , BAILEY SHANE M. , FURLAN ANTHONY J. , CHING MARILOU , ZACHAIB JONATHAN , DI BIASE LUIGI , MOHANTY PRASANT , HORTON RODNEY P. , BURKHARDT J. DAVID , SANCHEZ JAVIER E. , ZAGRODZKY JASON D. , GALLINGHOUSE G. JOSEPH , SCHWEIKERT ROBERT , SALIBA WALID , NATALE ANDREA 
Published: November 2009

PVAI and Stroke. Introduction: Cerebral thromboembolic event (CTE) is a possible complication of pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI). The objective of this study was to report long‐term functional and neurocognitive recovery in patients who had a CTE during or within 48 hours of catheter ablation.
Methods and Results:
We screened 3,060 patients who underwent PVAI between January 2000 and June 2007. Out the 3,060 patients, 26 patients (0.8%) (61 ± 8 years, 88% males) had a CTE during or within 48 hours of the procedure. We followed these 26 patients (study group) over time and assessed their functional and neurocognitive recovery status. No preferential vascular territory for the site of obstruction was found; right anterior circulation‐5 patients (26%), left anterior circulation‐5 patients (26%), posterior circulation‐3 patients (16%), and 2 or more territories‐6 patients (32%), (P‐value = 0.8). The average international normalized ratio at the time of CTE was 1.33 ± 0.4. Two patients died during the study period. At the end of 38.4 ± 24 months follow‐up, most surviving patients had complete neurocognitive and functional recovery irrespective of the severity of periprocedural stroke.
Conclusions:
Periprocedural stroke in the setting of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation is relatively rare. When it occurs, complete functional and neurocognitive recovery over time is the likely outcome for most patients. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 412–417, April 2010)
Clinical Performance of the St. Jude Medical Riata Defibrillation Lead in a Large Patient Population
Authors: PORTERFIELD JAMES G. , PORTERFIELD LINDA M. , KUCK KARL H. , CORBISIERO RAFFAELE , GREENBERG STEVEN M. , HINDRICKS GERHARD , WAZNI OUSSAMA , BEAU SCOTT L. , HERRE JOHN M. 
Published: November 2009

Clinical Performance of the St. Jude Medical Riata Defibrillation Lead in a Large Patient Population. Objective: The purpose of this large multicenter study was to evaluate the long‐term reliability of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead to determine the incidence of adverse events (AEs).
Background:
A recent concern has been the performance of cardiac defibrillator leads. There have been conflicting reports regarding the rate of lead perforation and other AEs.
Methods:
Medical records from patients implanted from 6‐1‐2001 to 11‐27‐2007 with the St. Jude Medical Riata family of RV leads at 23 US (N = 12,969) and 5 German (N = 2,418) centers were reviewed for chronic lead‐related AEs. These included perforation, dislodgment, conductor fracture and insulation damage. The mean follow‐up period was 18.0 months. AEs were defined as those that required Riata lead revision, extraction, or replacement.
Results:
The incidence of lead AEs was <1% for each AE type. Perforation occurred in 0.38%, dislodgement in 0.93%, conductor fracture in 0.18%, and insulation damage in 0.21% of patients studied.
Conclusions:
During the follow‐up of the 15,387 patients with Riata leads, the incidence of AEs which included perforation, dislodgement, conductor fraction and insulation damage was low and within the range of what is considered clinically acceptable. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 551‐556, May 2010)
Performance of a Radiation Protection Cabin During Implantation of Pacemakers or Cardioverter Defibrillators
Authors: PLOUX SYLVAIN , RITTER PHILIPPE , HAÏSSAGUERRE MICHEL , CLEMENTY JACQUES , BORDACHAR PIERRE 
Published: November 2009

Radioprotection for Cardiac Device Implant. Introduction: Pacemaker implants are associated with a high cumulative exposure of the operators to radiation. Standard radiation protection with lead aprons is incomplete and the cause of spine disorders. A radiation protection cabin offers complete protection by surrounding the operator, without requiring a lead apron.
Methods:
We randomly and evenly assigned 60 patients undergoing implantations of permanent pacemakers or cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) with (a) a radiation protection cabin (cabin group, n = 30) versus (b) standard protection with a 0.5 mm lead‐equivalent apron (control group, n = 30). Radiation exposure was measured using personal electronic dosimeters placed on the thorax, back, and head of the operator.
Results:
The patient, procedural, and device characteristics of the 2 study groups were similar. All procedures in the cabin group were performed as planned without increase in duration or complication rate compared with the control group. The mean radiation dose to the head, normalized for fluoroscopy duration, was significantly lower in the cabin (0.040 ± 0.032 μSv/min) than in the control (1.138 ± 0.560 μSv/min) group (p < 0.0001). The radiation doses to the thorax (0.043 ± 0.027 vs 0.041 ± 0.040 μSv/min) and back (0.038 ± 0.029 vs 0.033 ± 0.018 μSv/min) in the cabin versus control group (under the apron) were similar. Conclusions: The use of a radiation protection cabin markedly decreased the exposure of the operator to radiation, and eliminated the need to wear a lead apron, without increasing the procedural time or complication rate during implantation of pacemaker and ICD. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 428–430, April 2010)