bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Good Manufacturing Practice (
GMP
) and Good Industrial Large Scale Practice (
GLSP
)
Authors: Junker Beth H. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Key aspects of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and Good Industrial Large Scale Practice are presented an discussed. Major areas included are facility regulatory guidelines, facility performance validation, and investigations of nonconformances and deviations. Areas covered span from process scale equipment, laboratory equipment, utilities and computer systems. Specific emphasis has been placed on steam‐in‐place and clean‐in‐place, and autoclave load patterns. Current best practices in each of these areas are presented, including concepts for design, operation, effectiveness studies, and methods to reduce failures. An extensive bibliography coupled with data from an actual operating pilot plant give this chapter a strong applied foundation.
Hostility‐ and gender‐related differences in oscillatory responses to emotional facial expressions
Authors: Knyazev Gennady G. , Bocharov Andrey V. , Slobodskoj‐Plusnin Jaroslav Yu. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHostility is associated with biases in the perception of emotional facial expressions, such that ambiguous or neutral expressions tend to be perceived as threatening or angry. In this study, the effects of hostility and gender on the perception of angry, neutral, and happy faces and on the oscillatory dynamics of cortical responses elicited by these presentations were investigated using time–frequency decomposition by means of wavelet transforms. Feelings of hostility predisposed subjects to perceive happy and neutral faces as less friendly. This effect was more pronounced in women. In hostile subjects, presentation of emotional facial expressions also evoked stronger posterior synchronization in the theta and diminished desynchronization in the alpha band. This may signify a prevalence of emotional responding over cognitive processing. These effects were also more pronounced in females. Hostile females, but not hostile males, additionally showed a widespread synchronization in the alpha band. This synchronization is tentatively explained as a manifestation of inhibitory control which is present in aggressive females, but not in aggressive males. Aggr. Behav. 35:502–513, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relevance of perceived childhood neglect, 5‐HTT gene variants and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation to substance abuse susceptibility
Authors: Gerra G. , Zaimovic A. , Castaldini L. , Garofano L. , Manfredini M. , Somaini L. , Leonardi C. , Gerra M.L. , Donnini C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe hypotheses of (1) gene × environment interaction in the susceptibility to experiment with drugs and (2) hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis involvement in mediating the effects of early adverse experiences and gene variants affecting serotonin function on substance abuse vulnerability were tested by investigating in 187 healthy adolescents the possible relevance of 5‐HTT “S” polymorphism, childhood parental neglect reported retrospectively and HPA axis function to the susceptibility to experiment with illicit drugs. Higher frequency of the 5‐HTT SS genotype seems to be associated with an increased susceptibility to use illegal psychotropic drugs among the adolescents. At the same time, reduced maternal care perception was found to represent a key intermediate factor of the association between SS polymorphism and drug use, suggesting that genetic factors and parental behavior concur to drug use susceptibility. Our results also confirm the relationship between basal plasma levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on the one hand, and retrospective measures of neglect during childhood: the higher the mother and father neglect CECA‐Q scores, the higher the plasma levels of the two HPA hormones. Such positive relationship has been proved to be particularly effective and important when associated to the S‐allele, both in homozygote and heterozygote individuals. However, when tested together with genotype and parental neglect, the effect of HPA hormones such as cortisol and ACTH was not found to improve significantly the explanatory power of the risk model. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revisiting the g‐index: The average number of citations in the g‐core
Authors: Schreiber Michael 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe g‐index is discussed in terms of the average number of citations of the publications in the g‐core, showing that it combines features of the h‐index and the A‐index in one number. For a visualization, data of 8 famous physicists are presented and analyzed. In comparison with the h‐index, the g‐index increases between 67% and 144%, on average by a factor of 2.
Unified linear subspace approach to semantic analysis
Authors: Li Dandan , Kwong Chung‐Ping , Lee Dik Lun 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Basic Vector Space Model (BVSM) is well known in information retrieval. Unfortunately, its retrieval effectiveness is limited because it is based on literal term matching. The Generalized Vector Space Model (GVSM) and Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) are two prominent semantic retrieval methods, both of which assume there is some underlying latent semantic structure in a dataset that can be used to improve retrieval performance. However, while this structure may be derived from both the term space and the document space, GVSM exploits only the former and LSI the latter. In this article, the latent semantic structure of a dataset is examined from a dual perspective; namely, we consider the term space and the document space simultaneously. This new viewpoint has a natural connection to the notion of kernels. Specifically, a unified kernel function can be derived for a class of vector space models. The dual perspective provides a deeper understanding of the semantic space and makes transparent the geometrical meaning of the unified kernel function. New semantic analysis methods based on the unified kernel function are developed, which combine the advantages of LSI and GVSM. We also prove that the new methods are stable because although the selected rank of the truncated Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is far from the optimum, the retrieval performance will not be degraded significantly. Experiments performed on standard test collections show that our methods are promising.
Problems of citation analysis: A study of uncited and seldom‐cited influences
Authors: MacRoberts M.H. , MacRoberts B.R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTo determine influences on the production of a scientific article, the content of the article must be studied. We examined articles in biogeography and found that most of the influence is not cited, specific types of articles that are influential are cited while other types of that also are influential are not cited, and work that is “uncited” and “seldom cited” is used extensively. As a result, evaluative citation analysis should take uncited work into account.
Zur Diskussion des Böenreaktionsfaktors G nach DIN 1055‐4:2005
Authors: Hertle Robert 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMit Einführung der DIN 1055‐4:2005 fand ein Paradigmenwechsel bei der Beschreibung der Windlasten statt. Das bisherige, deterministische Konzept zur Definition der Windeinwirkung wurde verlassen und durch ein auf stochastischen Überlegungen fußendes ersetzt. Für Konstruktionen und Bauwerke, die nicht schwingungsanfällig unter böigen Windeinwirkungen sind, ergeben sich daraus keine nennenswerten Änderungen bei der rechnerischen Untersuchung. Für die Analyse von schwingungsanfälligen Konstruktionen hat diese Neukonzeption tiefgreifende Konsequenzen. Die bekannte und einfach zu handhabende Ermittlung des Böenreaktionsfaktors auf Grundlage der Normen der achtziger und neunziger Jahre des vergangenen Jahrhunderts wurde durch ein komplexes, unübersichtliches und mit einfachen Ingenieurmethoden nicht mehr zu überprüfendes Berechnungsschema abgelöst. In diesem Beitrag wird dieses Schema diskutiert, und es wird ein einfaches Näherungsverfahren zur Ermittlung der Böenreaktion einer Konstruktion vorgeschlagen, welches, insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der sonstigen Unschärfen und Unsicherheiten einer Berechnung, ausreichende Genauigkeit zeigt.On the discussion of the gust reaction factor acc. DIN 1055‐4:2005.With the introduction of DIN 1055‐4:2005 a change of paradigm concerning the description of wind loads took place. The previous concept, based on a deterministic view, was replaced by an approach using stochastic considerations. For constructions and buildings deemed to be not susceptible to gust action, no significant changes within the structural analysis arise. Enormous consequences, on the other hand, have to be faced when analyzing structures susceptible to gust action. The well known and easy to handle method for calculating the gust reaction factor using the standards of the 80th and 90th of the last century, was redeemed by a complex, partly confused calculation scheme which is not checkable with usual engineering tools. In the following paper this calculation scheme is discussed. Following to this discussion, a simplified method for calculating the gust reaction factor is presented. The accuracy of this method lies, having the usual uncertainties and deficits of structural analyses in mind, in an acceptable range.
Stiftförmige Verbindungsmittel des Holzbaus im Normenvergleich
Authors: Bernhard Markus , Mayr Norbert , Schrader Felix 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBei der Bemessung stiftförmiger Verbindungsmittel des Holzbaus gab es im Zuge der Umstellung auf eine neue Normengeneration einen Paradigmenwechsel. Für das einzelne Verbindungsmittel muss eine ganze Reihe von Nachweisen auf der Grundlage einer deutlich verfeinerten Versagenstheorie geführt werden. Zudem wird das Zusammenwirken mehrerer Verbindungsmittel an einem Knotenpunkt mit wesentlich größeren Reduktionsfaktoren belegt, als dies bisher der Fall war.Dowel type fasteners for timber construction in comparison of design codes.The change to new design codes for timber constructions led to a paradigm shift in the dimensioning of dowel type fasteners. For the single fastener a series of regulations have to be obeyed on a basis of a much more detailed theory of failure. In addition to this the interaction of fasteners in a joint is backed with much higher reduction factors than before.
In vitro–in vivo correlation of modified release dosage form of lamotrigine
Authors: Shah Hiten J. , Subbaiah Gunta , Patel Dasharath M. , Patel Chhagan N. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe plasma concentration profile of lamotrigine was predicted from the dissolution test data of the modified release 100 mg lamotrigine tablet by applying the in vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVC). Three different release formulations (L‐1, L‐2 and L‐3) and its profiles of in vitro data were generated in different dissolution media. Pharmacokinetics evaluation of these formulations was carried out in 12 healthy volunteers. In vitro–in vivo correlation was established from the generated dissolution and bioavailability data. A good correlation between the percentages dissolved vs absorbed (r2>0.989) was obtained using level A correlation. Evaluation of the internal predictability of level A correlation was calculated in terms of percent prediction error, which was found to be below 15%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sampling methods for NMR‐based metabolomics of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Wu Xiao‐He , Yu Hai‐Long , Ba Zhao‐Yong , Chen Jing‐Yu , Sun Hong‐Gang , Han Bei‐Zhong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTo select an appropriate sampling method for comparison of metabolite profiles between planktonic and biofilm Staphylococcus aureus using NMR techniques, we evaluated three methods: quenching‐centrifugation (QC), filtration‐quenching (FQ) and filtration‐quenching‐lyophilization (FQL). We found differences in metabolite loss, yield, reproducibility and metabolite profile. QC caused severe metabolite leakage and possible decomposition of nucleotides. FQ achieved high yields and reproducibility, although it had the disadvantages of long filtration and rinse times before quenching. FQL resulted in a loss of a few metabolites and a lower yield due to lyophilization. Although the biomarkers discovered by each method were nearly the same and seemed insensitive to technical variances, we conclude that FQ is the most appropriate sampling method because of its high yield and reproducibility.
In vitro liver model using microfabricated scaffolds in a modular bioreactor
Authors: Vinci Bruna , Cavallone Daniela , Vozzi Giovanni , Mazzei Daniele , Domenici Claudio , Brunetto Maurizia , Ahluwalia Arti 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHepatocyte function on 3‐D microfabricated polymer scaffolds realised with the pressure‐activated microsyringe was tested under static and dynamic conditions. The dynamic cell culture was obtained using the multicompartment modular bioreactor system. Hepatocyte cell density, glucose consumption, and albumin secretion rate were measured daily over a week. Cells seeded on scaffolds showed an increase in cell density compared with monolayer controls. Moreover, in dynamic culture, cell metabolic function increased three times in comparison with static monolayer cultures. These results suggest that cell density and cell‐cell interactions are mediated by the architecture of the substrate, while the endogenous biochemical functions are regulated by a sustainable supply of nutrients and interstitial‐like flow. Thus, a combination of 3‐D scaffolds and dynamic flow conditions are both important for the development of a hepatic tissue model for applications in drug testing and regenerative medicine.
Rabies virus glycoprotein expression in Drosophila S2 cells: Influence of re‐selection on protein expression
Authors: dos Santos Alexandra Souza , Lemos Marcos Alexandre Nobre , Pereira Carlos Augusto , Jorge Soraia Attie Calil 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to achieve expression of recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein (rRVGP) in Drosophila S2 cells. For this, a cDNA coding for the selection hygromycin antibiotic and the cDNA encoding the RVGP protein under the control of the constitutive actin promoter (Ac) were cloned in an expression plasmid, which was transfected into S2 cells. S2 cell populations (S2AcRVGPHy) showed rRVGP expression in cell lysates, attaining concentrations up to 1.5 μg/107 cells (705 μg/L). Of the transfected cells, 20% were shown to express the rRVGP. Cell subpopulations selected by limiting dilution expressed higher rRVGP yields and 90% of the cells were shown to express the rRVGP. Cell populations re‐selected by addition of hygromycin were shown to express 10 times higher rRVGP yields. The data presented here show that Drosophila S2 cells can be efficiently transfected with an expression/selection plasmid for rRVGP expression, allowing its synthesis with a high degree of physical and biological integrity. The importance of subpopulation selection was indicated by the increasing rRVGP yields during these procedures.
Bone tissue engineering: A review in bone biomimetics and drug delivery strategies
Authors: Porter Joshua R. , Ruckh Timothy T. , Popat Ketul C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCritical‐sized defects in bone, whether induced by primary tumor resection, trauma, or selective surgery have in many cases presented insurmountable challenges to the current gold standard treatment for bone repair. The primary purpose of a tissue‐engineered scaffold is to use engineering principles to incite and promote the natural healing process of bone which does not occur in critical‐sized defects. A synthetic bone scaffold must be biocompatible, biodegradable to allow native tissue integration, and mimic the multidimensional hierarchical structure of native bone. In addition to being physically and chemically biomimetic, an ideal scaffold is capable of eluting bioactive molecules (e.g., BMPs, TGF‐βs, etc., to accelerate extracellular matrix production and tissue integration) or drugs (e.g., antibiotics, cisplatin, etc., to prevent undesired biological response such as sepsis or cancer recurrence) in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. Various biomaterials including ceramics, metals, polymers, and composites have been investigated for their potential as bone scaffold materials. However, due to their tunable physiochemical properties, biocompatibility, and controllable biodegradability, polymers have emerged as the principal material in bone tissue engineering. This article briefly reviews the physiological and anatomical characteristics of native bone, describes key technologies in mimicking the physical and chemical environment of bone using synthetic materials, and provides an overview of local drug delivery as it pertains to bone tissue engineering is included. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Girls and boys as victims: social workers' approaches to children exposed to violence
Authors: Eriksson Maria 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article explores what notions of the child, victim, girlhood and boyhood may mean for social workers' approaches to children ‘witnessing’ or being exposed to violence. The discussion draws on qualitative interviews with children who have participated in social services' investigations regulated by Swedish family law. The analytical framework combines a care perspective focused on the vulnerable position of children exposed to violence, and a rights/participation perspective focusing on children's agency and rights to participation. Drawing on children's narratives, it is shown how social workers create at least four different victim positions for children in the investigation process: protected victim, invisible victim, unprotected victim and victim with participation. Thereafter, it is discussed how child positions and social work approaches may be linked to a wider cultural context, in particular notions of ‘ideal’ victims, age and gender. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The EssenCES measure of social climate: A preliminary validation and normative data in UK high secure hospital settings
Authors: Howells Kevin , Tonkin Matthew , Milburn Christine , Lewis Jessica , Draycot Simon , Cordwell John , Price Miranda , Davies Steffan , Schalast Norbert 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground The social climate of forensic units is important but little investigated, in part because of the unavailability of a clinically practical and statistically sound measure.Aims To provide preliminary psychometric and normative data for the English version of the Essen Climate Evaluation Schema (EssenCES) in UK high‐security hospital settings.Method A total of 324 staff and patients from three high‐security hospital services completed the EssenCES, and a subgroup completed a range of other questionnaires related to therapeutic milieu and working environment (GMI, WAAM, WES‐10).Results The original three‐factor structure and satisfactory internal consistency were retained. The pattern of correlations between the EssenCES scales and other climate‐related variables support the construct validity of the EssenCES measure, with the exception of the Patient Cohesion subscale.Conclusions Although preliminary, these data suggest that the English version of EssenCES may be a valid tool for assessing the social climate of high secure hospital settings in the UK, but a larger research study is required, covering a wider range of psychiatric disorders, types of service and levels of security. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glutaminase Production using Zygosaccharomyces rouxii NRRL‐Y 2547: Effect of Aeration, Agitation Regimes and Feeding Strategies
Authors: Iyer P. V. , Singhal R. S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSystematic investigations on the effect of varying dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and agitation profiles on glutaminase yield from Zygosaccharomyces rouxii NRRL Y‐2547 were conducted in a batch stirred tank reactor. The agitation rate was varied in the range of 100–400 rpm, while the DO values studied were 20, 40 and 60 %, respectively. Furthermore, a stepwise reduction in DO was investigated wherein the DO concentration was decreased from 40 % for the first 12 h to 20 % for the following 24 h, and finally decreased to 5 % DO up to 54 h (end of batch period). The maximum enzyme yield in all cases was observed after 48 h at 37 °C. An agitation rate of 200 rpm and a three‐stage DO maintenance strategy (40‐20‐5 % DO) gave maximum glutaminase productivity. Yeast extract and glucose feeding increased the enzyme production from 370.75 ± 4.97 units/L to 437.14 ± 4.44 and 417.99 ± 5.82 units/L, respectively.
Heterogeneous Catalyzed Pyridine Synthesis using Montmorillionite and Nanoparticle‐Impregnated Alumina in a Continuous Micro Flow System
Authors: Abahmane L. , Knauer A. , Ritter U. , Köhler J. M. , Groß G. A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of pyridine derivatives was investigated using a combined micro flow‐through system. Therefore, two different heterogeneous catalyst assemblies were used subsequently under different temperature conditions. The investigated pyridine synthesis method includes three reaction steps: at first, an enamine has to be formed by a condensation reaction of methyl ketone and propargylamine. Secondly, a pericyclic reaction of the enamine is needed to form dihydropyridine derivatives. Finally, the dihydropyrimidines received have to be oxidized to yield the desired pyridine derivative. The propargylamine used tends towards side reactions even if activating catalysts are present at elevated temperatures. To reach high yields for the overall process, each reaction step demands for a specific catalyst and suited reaction conditions. Hence, the reaction sequence was separated into two consecutive steps. For the initial condensation reaction, montmorillionite was investigated as heterogeneous catalyst. For the subsequent reaction steps, different types of nanoparticles impregnated on alumina were investigated as oxidation catalyst, using air as oxidation agent. Here, the results and optimized process conditions for the conversion of aliphatic and aromatic methyl ketones are presented. As a result, the separation of the reaction steps by application of the two‐step microreactor system leads to a significant improvement of the process performance. The reaction time was reduced significantly to about 20 minutes without reduction of the product turnover in several cases.