bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contralateral spinal accessory nerve for ipsilateral neurotization of branches of the brachial plexus: a cadaveric feasibility study
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Mortazavi Martin M. , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Loukas Marios , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. 
Published: March 2011

Object
Additional nerve transfer options are important to the peripheral nerve surgeon to maximize patient outcomes following nerve injuries. Potential regional donors may also be injured or involved in the primary disease. Therefore, potential contralateral donor nerves would be desirable. To the authors' knowledge, use of the contralateral spinal accessory nerve (SAN) has not been explored for ipsilateral neurotization procedures. In the current study, therefore, the authors aimed to evaluate the SAN as a potential donor nerve for contralateral nerve injuries by using a novel technique.

Methods
In 10 cadavers, the SAN was harvested using a posterior approach, and tunneled subcutaneously to the contralateral side for neurotization to various branches of the brachial plexus. Measurements were made of the SAN available for transfer and of its diameter.

Results
The authors found an SAN length of approximately 20 cm (from transition of upper and middle fibers of the trapezius muscle to approximately 2–4 cm superior to the insertion of the trapezius muscle onto the spinous process of T-12) available for nerve transposition. The average diameter was 2.5 mm.

Conclusions
Based on these findings, the contralateral SAN may be considered for ipsilateral neurotization to the suprascapular and axillary nerves.
Stability of RealC*-Algebras
Authors: Boersema Jeffrey L. , Ruiz Efren 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe will give a characterization of stable realC*-algebras analogous to the one given for complexC*-algebras by Hjelmborg and Rørdam. Using this result, we will prove that any realC*-algebra satisfying the corona factorization property is stable if and only if its complexification is stable. RealC*-algebras satisfying the corona factorization property include AF-algebras and purely infiniteC*-algebras. We will also provide an example of a simple unstableC*-algebra, the complexification of which is stable.
Nondegeneracy for Lie Triple Systems and Kantor Pairs
Authors: García Esther , Lozano Miguel Gómez , Neher Erhard 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe study the transfer of nondegeneracy between Lie triple systems and their standard Lie algebra envelopes as well as between Kantor pairs, their associated Lie triple systems, and their Lie algebra envelopes. We also show that simple Kantor pairs and Lie triple systems in characteristic 0 are nondegenerate.
Nonconstant Continuous Functions whose Tangential Derivative Vanishes along a Smooth Curve
Authors: Moonens Laurent 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe provide a simple example showing that the tangential derivative of a continuous function ϕ can vanish everywhere along a curve while the variation of ϕ along this curve is nonzero. We give additional regularity conditions on the curve and/or the function that prevent this from happening.
The Infimum in the Metric Mahler Measure
Authors: Samuels Charles L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDubickas and Smyth defined the metric Mahler measure on the multiplicative group of non-zero algebraic numbers. The definition involves taking an infimum over representations of an algebraic number α by other algebraic numbers. We verify their conjecture that the infimum in its definition is always achieved, and we establish its analog for the ultrametric Mahler measure.
Non-uniform Randomized Sampling for Multivariate Approximation by High Order Parzen Windows
Authors: Zhou Xiang-Jun , Shi Lei , Zhou Ding-Xuan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe consider approximation of multivariate functions in Sobolev spaces by high order Parzen windows in a non-uniform sampling setting. Sampling points are neither i.i.d. nor regular, but are noised from regular grids by non-uniform shifts of a probability density function. Sample function values at sampling points are drawn according to probability measures with expected values being values of the approximated function. The approximation orders are estimated by means of regularity of the approximated function, the density function, and the order of the Parzen windows, under suitable choices of the scaling parameter.
Diagnosis and Management of Short Cervix in Singleton Pregnancies
Authors: Wolman Igal , Agmon Arnon , Ariel J 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTPrevention of preterm labor will reduce perinatal mortality. Screening of cervical length by ultrasound should begin at 16 weeks by transvaginal ultrasound. If the cervical length is more than 35 mm, the exam should be repeated every 2 to 3 weeks till 32 weeks. If the cervical length is between 25 and 35 mm the ultrasound screening should be done weekly or biweekly. Fetal fibronectin estimation should provide supplemental information. If the cervical length is less than 25 mm cervical cerclage should be performed if gestational age is less than 22 weeks. Progesterone therapy is preferred if the gestational age is more than 22 completed weeks.
Internal IIiac Artery Occlusion Balloon Catheters to Minimize Blood Loss in Adherent Placenta: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Firdous Zakia , Aziz Nuzhat 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTAdherent placenta is a rare but life- and fertility-threatening condition, with a rapid increase in incidence in this decade. Cesarean hysterectomy, the traditional management, is associated with very high morbidity due to massive blood loss and adjacent organ damage. The objective was to study the effect of preoperative internal iliac artery balloon catheter placement as a means of reducing morbidity.MethodsAdherent placenta cases were identified using hospital database over a 9 years period from 2001 to 2009 at Fernandez hospital, a tertiary perinatal center with 5000 deliveries annually. Mothers who had preoperative internal iliac artery balloon placements were compared with those who did not have. Maternal morbidity was assessed in the form of intraoperative blood loss, total units of blood products transfused, mean operative time, length of postoperative hospital stay, use of adjuvant procedures (for control of hemorrhage), adjacent organ damage, cardiac arrest, and maternal mortality.ResultsForty-one subjects with a diagnosis of adherent placenta were identified out of 32,354 deliveries (incidence of 1:789) and 27 of these had peripartum hysterectomy. Six had preoperative internal iliac artery balloons placement before hysterectomy (study group) and 21 had hysterectomy alone (control group). Significant difference was found in mean amount of blood loss (p = 0.002) and in mean number of blood products given (p = 0.04). No statistically significant difference was found in mean operative time and length of postoperative hospital stay. There were four subjects who had adjacent organ damage, two had cardiac arrest, two required recombinant factor VIIa in the control group when compared with none in the study group.ConclusionPreoperative placement of internal iliac artery occlusion balloon catheters reduced morbidity by minimizing blood loss and adjacent organ damage.
Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy Following Assisted Reproductive Techniques: A Rare Entity
Authors: Bharath Meenakshi , Shetty Nivedita , Shashikala T , Kaur Harpreet 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTOvarian ectopic pregnancy should be kept in mind as a rare possibility following assisted reproductive techniques. Although early use of quantitative serum â-hCG and pelvic ultrasonography has increased our diagnostic capability for ectopic pregnancy, ovarian pregnancy still represents a diagnostic problem. Laparoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment for ovarian ectopic pregnancy.
Neighborhood Archaeology: Exploring the Significance of Volunteers, Communities, and Local Politics for Contemporary Archaeology
Authors: Baram Uzi , Austin Robert J. 
Published: March 2011

The expanding discussions of public archaeology have propelled consideration of the roles for descendant communities, both linear descendants and those with social ties to the peoples whose lives are being studied. Consideration of local communities has included the economic potential of heritage tourism and the dynamics of civic engagements. There have been important contributions on issues of race and recently on class. This collection seeks to extend consideration of public archaeology as civic engagements within urban neighborhoods, to explore the implications of archaeological research within and with complex social places. The integration of volunteers, the significance of archaeological sites and historic structures for communities, and the local politics involved in historic preservation and neighborliness focus the contributions.
Epithelial tight junction alterations in nasal polyposis
Authors: Rogers G. Aaron , Beste Kyle Den , Parkos Charles A. , Nusrat Asma , DelGaudio John M. , Wise Sarah K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo explore alterations in expression of tight junction proteins (TJPs) in nasal polyposis and in respiratory epithelium under inflammatory conditions. Our hypothesis is that exposure of nasal and respiratory epithelium to inflammatory cytokines results in the altered expression of specific TJPs.MethodsHuman sinonasal mucosa (3 nasal polyp specimens and 3 nonpolypoid controls) were stained with immunofluorescent markers specific for TJPs claudin‐1 and occludin and examined with confocal scanning laser microscopy. A complementary in vitro experiment involving exposure of cultured human bronchial epithelium to interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) was also performed. Alterations in claudin‐1 and occludin were localized by immunofluorescence labeling and confocal microscopy and quantified by western blotting.ResultsNasal polyp epithelium from human tissue specimens had reduced claudin‐1 expression along the basal aspect of the mucosal layer, whereas occludin expression was reduced in the apical and basal epithelial zones. In vitro experiments demonstrated stable or increased TJP expression after 24 hours of cytokine exposure (43% increase for claudin‐1, 9% increase for occludin). However, a reduction in TJP expression was observed after 72 hours of cytokine exposure (18% reduction for claudin‐1, and 43% reduction for occludin).ConclusionNasal polyposis is associated with epithelial TJP alterations. Further, the expression of TJPs in a model of inflamed respiratory mucosa is reduced in a similar fashion. Research on the histopathology of other epithelial inflammatory disorders suggests TJP alterations contribute to a self‐perpetuating inflammatory state. Findings of this preliminary study support a similar process in nasal polyposis. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Biodegradable nanoparticles containing benzopsoralens: An attractive strategy for modifying vascular function in pathological skin disorders
Authors: Gomes Anderson J. , Lunardi Laurelúcia O. , Caetano Flavio H. , Machado Antonio Eduardo H. , Oliveira‐Campos Ana Maria F. , Bendhack Lusiane M. , Lunardi Claure N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPsoralens are often used to treat skin disorders such as psoriasis, vitiligo, and others. The toxicity and fast degradation of these drugs can be diminished by encapsulation in drug‐delivery systems (DDS). Nanoparticles (NPs) containing the benzopsoralen (BP) (3‐ethoxy carbonyl‐2H‐benzofuro[3,2‐e]‐1‐benzopiran‐2‐one) were prepared by the solvent‐evaporation technique, and parameters such as particle size, zeta potential, drug‐encapsulation efficiency, and external morphology were evaluated. The analysis revealed that the NPs are spherical and with smooth external surface with diameter of 815 ± 80 nm, they present low tendency toward aggregation, and the encapsulation efficiency was of 74%. The intracellular distribution of NPs as well as their uptake by tissues was monitored by using laser confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The use of a BP in association with ultraviolet light (360 nm) revealed by TEM morphological characteristics of cell damage such as cytosolic vesiculation, mitochondria condensation, and swelling of both the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear membrane. The primary target of DDS and drugs in vascular system are endothelial cells and an attractive strategy for modifying vascular function in various pathological states of skin disorders, cancer, and inflammation. The results presented in this work indicate that poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) NP should be a promising sustained release for BP for systemic and local delivery associated with ultraviolet irradiation (PUVA therapy). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A BTB domain‐containing gene is upregulated by immune challenge
Authors: Wang Gang , Liu Peng‐Cheng , Wang Jin‐Xing , Zhao Xiao‐Fan 
Published: March 2011

Abstract20‐Hydroxyecdysone (20E) is an important hormone that regulates the development of insects. Although previous evidence revealed that 20E promotes innate immunity in insects, the mechanism involved is still unclear. In this study, the HaBBP gene from Helicoverpa armigera is cloned, which contains BTB (broad‐complex, tramtrack, and bric‐a‐brac), a BACK (BTB and carboxyl‐terminus kelch repeats), and PHR (PAM, highwire, and RPM) domains. RT‐PCR analysis of HaBBP and western blot analysis of HaBBP show that the mRNA and protein level are higher in the fat body and hemocytes during the molting and metamorphic stages compared with the feeding stage. HaBBP was upregulated by 20E in hemocytes. Knockdown of the 20E receptor EcR‐B1 and the heterodimeric partner ultraspiracle protein USP1 in an epidermal cell line (HaEpi) blocked the transcription of HaBBP. HaBBP is distributed in granulocytes and plasmatocytes. Immune stimulation by Escherichia coli caused the upregulation of HaBBP in both hemocytes and fat body. Thus, HaBBP is regulated by the 20E signaling pathway, and is likely involved in the insect innate immunity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disjunction Between Probability and Verdict in Juror Decision Making
Authors: Arkes Hal R. , Shoots‐Reinhard Brittany , Mayes Ryan S. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTAlthough the law assumes a close relation between the probability that a defendant committed the act in question and the ensuing verdict of the jurors, prior research has shown this assumption to be often violated. We present five experiments designed to show that factors that influence probability also influence verdict, but other factors are capable of directly producing changes in verdict without affecting probability. In Experiment 1, we replicated the Wells Effect; scenarios generating the same probability that the Blue Bus Company was to blame for the same accident, nevertheless, generated significantly different likelihoods of finding the defendant liable. In Experiment 2, we showed that equally diagnostic affirmative and negative evidence had differential effects on mock jurors' probability estimates and verdicts. In Experiment 3, we showed that a completely nondiagnostic witness, who either implicates the same bus company or a different bus company as did a diagnostic witness, significantly influenced mock jurors' verdicts. However, the nondiagnostic witness did not change the probability that the Blue Bus Company was responsible for the accident. In Experiment 4, we demonstrated that base rate and witness reliability information resulted in very similar probability estimates but radically different verdicts. In Experiment 5, we showed that a change in the diagnosticity of the evidence influenced both probability and verdict with the former mediating differences in the later. Because probability is only one of the several determinants of the verdict, the two dependent variables are not as closely related as the law presumes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed glucose and lactate uptake by Corynebacterium glutamicum through metabolic engineering
Authors: Neuner Andreas , Heinzle Elmar 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 lysCfbr strain was engineered to grow fast on racemic mixtures of lactate and to secrete lysine during growth on lactate as well as on mixtures of lactate and glucose. The wild‐type C. glutamicum only grows well on L‐lactate. Overexpression of D‐lactate dehydrogenase (dld) achieved by exchanging the native promoter of the dld gene for the stronger promoter of the sod gene encoding superoxide dismutase in C. glutamicum resulted in a duplication of biomass yield and faster growth without any secretion of lysine. Elementary mode analysis was applied to identify potential targets for lysine production from lactate as well as from mixtures of lactate and glucose. Two targets for overexpression were pyruvate carboxylase and malic enzyme. The overexpression of these genes using again the sod promoter resulted in growth‐associated production of lysine with lactate as sole carbon source with a carbon yield of 9% and a yield of 15% during growth on a lactate‐glucose mixture. Both substrates were taken up simultaneously with a slight preference for lactate. As surmised from the elementary mode analysis, deletion of glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase resulted in a decreased production of lysine on the mixed substrate. Elementary mode analysis together with suitable objective functions has been found a very useful tool guiding the design of strains producing lysine on mixed substrates.
Ulva rigida improves carbohydrate metabolism, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Tas Sibel , Celikler Serap , Ziyanok‐Ayvalik Sedef , Sarandol Emre , Dirican Melahat 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the effects of Ulva rigida, one of the green algae, on the lipid profile and oxidative–antioxidative systems in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Forty Wistar rats randomly divided into four groups: control (C), control + U. rigida extract (C + URE), diabetes (D) and diabetes + U. rigida extract (D + URE). U. rigida (2%) was administered in drinking water for 5 weeks after the induction of diabetes. U. rigida reduced the blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and plasma and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the D + URE group. Insulin levels were significantly higher in the D + URE than those of the D group. Serum total cholesterol and tissue MDA levels were reduced in the C + URE group. Whole blood glutathione peroxidase and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activities were higher in the D and C + URE groups compared with the C group. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were lower in the D group while U. rigida increased paraoxonase activities in C + URE and D + URE groups. This is the first study which showed U. rigida has antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects and improves oxidative stress in diabetic rats. We conclude that U. rigida might have a potential use as a protective and/or therapeutic agent in diabetes mellitus. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bullying as a predictor of offending, violence and later life outcomes
Authors: Farrington David P. , Ttofi Maria M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim The main aim of this paper is to investigate to what extent self‐reported bullying at age 14 predicts later offending, violence and other life outcomes.Method In the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, 411 South London males were followed up from age 8–10 to age 48–50, using repeated face‐to‐face interviews and searches of criminal records.Results Bullying at age 14 predicted violent convictions between ages 15 and 20, self‐reported violence at age 15–18, low job status at age 18, drug use at age 27–32, and an unsuccessful life at age 48. These results held up after controlling for explanatory and behavioural childhood risk factors at age 8–10.Conclusions Bullying might increase the likelihood of these later outcomes. Interventions that decrease bullying would most likely be followed by decreases in violent offending, drug use, and unsuccessful lives. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals with lineshape estimation
Authors: Osorio‐Garcia M. I. , Sima D. M. , Nielsen F. U. , Himmelreich U. , Van Huffel S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractQuantification of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) signals is required for providing metabolite concentrations of the tissue under investigation. For estimating these concentrations several biochemical and acquisition conditions need to be taken into account. It is still a challenge to obtain reliable concentrations, as experimental conditions may have a detrimental effect on the spectral quality. The lineshape of MRS signals is affected, for instance, by inhomogeneities of the static magnetic field arising from imperfect shimming and tissue heterogeneities. To handle this type of distortions, we propose an extension of the self‐deconvolution method, where a common lineshape is estimated and a robust method with local regression is included to improve the smoothing of the estimated damping (or lineshape) function. This common lineshape is imposed in the metabolite quantification method and the spectral parameters (amplitude, frequency, damping and phase corrections) are obtained via nonlinear least squares. In this study, we considered distorted simulated, in vitro and in vivo rat brain signals which were lineshape corrected and quantitative results were compared in all three cases. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Destruction of normal distribution in small samples by centering and scaling
Authors: Tóth Gergely 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIt is less emphasized in scientific literature that centering and scaling of data may drastically change the original distribution of the data for small samples. The destruction of the original distribution depends on the source of the estimation of the mean (centering) and the divisor (scaling) where the latter is connected to the spread of data. In our comparative study we focus on cases, where the sample is taken from normally distributed data; the means and the standard deviations are population or sample based. We discuss six cases in transforming the data or the sample means. Most of them are studied previously, but some of them have not been theoretically investigated. The transformed data follow normal distribution in three cases, if the scaling is performed with population standard deviation. In one case, the final distribution is related to β‐distribution with astonishing density functions for N = 2 Dirac‐delta, N = 3 Viking helmet like and N = 4 uniform distributions. Another case is the well‐known t‐distribution. For one of the transformed data, we were not able to identify the general form. Here we obtained only numerical results for 3 ≤ N. The effect of the transformations was tested on experimental data representing more or less normally distributed variables. We found that transformations using the sample standard deviation were significantly less normally distributed‐like than the original data for small samples, but the other transformations enhanced the normal distribution‐like feature. The results point out that centering and especially scaling require consideration for small samples up to questioning the reality of subsequent data evaluation processes where normal distribution is assumed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.