bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department Visits by Nursing Home Residents in the United States
Authors: Wang Henry E. , Shah Manish N. , Allman Richard M. , Kilgore Meredith 
Published: October 2011

ObjectivesTo characterize emergency department (ED) use by nursing home residents in the United States.DesignAnalysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.SettingU.S. EDs from 2005 to 2008.ParticipantsIndividuals visiting U.S. EDs stratified according to nursing home residency.MeasurementsAll ED visits by nursing home residents were identified. The demographic and clinical characteristics and ED resource utilization, length of stay, and outcomes of nursing home residents and nonresidents were compared.ResultsDuring 2005 to 2008, nursing home residents accounted for 9,104,735 of 475,077,828 U.S. ED visits (1.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.8–2.1%). The annualized number of ED visits by nursing home residents was 2,276,184. Most nursing home residents were older (mean age 76.7, 95% CI = 75.8–77.5), female (63.3%), and non‐Hispanic white (74.8%). Nursing home residents were more likely to have been discharged from the hospital in the prior 7 days (adjusted odds ratio (aOR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1–1.9), to present with fever (aOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5–2.4) or hypotension (systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg, aOR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.5–2.2), and to receive diagnostic tests (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.6–2.2), imaging (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.3–1.7), or procedures (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.4–1.7) in the ED. Almost half of nursing home residents visiting the ED were admitted to the hospital. Nursing home residents were more likely to be admitted to the hospital (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.6–2.0) and to die (aOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.6–3.3).ConclusionNursing home residents account for more than 2.2 million ED visits annually in the United States. Nursing home residents have greater medical acuity and complexity. These observations highlight the national challenges of organizing and delivering ED care to nursing home residents in the United States.
Transition from Irradiation‐Induced Amorphization to Crystallization in Nanocrystalline Silicon Carbide
Authors: Jiang Weilin , Jiao Liang , Wang Haiyan 
Published: October 2011

Response to irradiation of nanocrystalline 3C–SiC is studied using 2 MeV Au2+ ions at elevated temperatures and is compared to the behavior of its monocrystalline counterpart under the identical irradiation conditions. The irradiated samples are characterized using in‐situ ion channeling, ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction, and helium ion microscopy. Compared to monocrystalline 3C–SiC, a faster amorphization process in the nanocrystalline material (average grain size = 3.3 nm) is observed at 500 K. However, the nanograin grows with increasing ion fluence at 550 K and the grain size tends to saturate at high fluences. The striking contrast demonstrates a sharp transition from irradiation‐induced interface‐driven amorphization at 500 K to crystallization at 550 K. The results could potentially have a positive impact on nuclear fuel cladding and structural components of next‐generation nuclear energy systems.
Robert of Gloucester and the Medieval Chronicle
Authors: Shaw Philip A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe verse chronicle attributed to Robert of Gloucester has been variously interpreted as appealing to a sense of Englishness derived from the Anglo‐Saxon past, or constructed through anti‐Norman sentiment, or seeking to unify those of Anglo‐Saxon and Norman descent within an English identity. These debates also contribute to, and draw on, the evidence that the Chronicle provides for the history of the English language. Yet we remain without a modern critical edition of the text, and it is clear that its textual tradition is complex and would repay detailed study in its own right. Along with a need for greater study of the manuscript tradition of the Chronicle, some under‐explored parts of the text, such as the pre‐Arthurian period, merit more work, as do its literary qualities. While the poetic efforts of ‘Robert of Gloucester’ have often been disparaged, we should bear in mind that our aesthetic and literary judgements are quite different from those of past societies – and it is always worth attempting to understand the literary qualities of medieval texts on their own terms.
A Score of Change: Twenty Years of Critical Musicology and Victorian Literature
Authors: Weliver Phyllis 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOver the last 20 years, the impact of critical musicology (or new musicology) has given rise to fresh areas of exploration (e.g., performance practices, reception histories, affect, listening) and new methods and sites of investigation, including Victorian novels and poems. Influenced by cultural criticism, critical musicologists study musical practices as interactive with a wide range of human activities and beliefs. Simultaneously, literary scholars and historians have played a prominent early role in promoting the study of music in 19th‐century Britain and in establishing its aims and methods. To these researchers and to contextually minded musicologists, it was obvious that music embodied and expressed ideological and political meanings, and that fictional, non‐fictional, and verse works elucidated and helped to construct these perceptions. Music and Victorian literature is thus a truly interdisciplinary field because it speaks to individuals whose home training is in either literature or music, while also influencing scholars in a range of other disciplines including social and cultural history, art history, women’s studies, gender studies, and queer studies.Introducing the field of music and Victorian literature to a literary audience therefore means first tracing developments in the discipline of music and then highlighting a major disciplinary difference (composer intentionality versus the death of the author). Outlining the latter will, I hope, suggest opportunities for critical musicologists as well as for people interested specifically in word–music connections. In particular, the issue of subjectivity is ripe for further development as can be seen by work on 19th‐century poetry and music that is a part of new lyric studies. The final sections of the article outline the latter, indicate the interdisciplinary beginnings of the study of music in 19th‐century Britain, provide a list of resources, and map out other recent trends and possible future directions in scholarship on music and Victorian literature.
‘She Brings Apocalypse’: Sex, Imagination and Redemptive Transgression in William Blake and the Graphic Novels of Alan Moore
Authors: Green Matthew J.A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGender and sexuality have long been contested sites within the Gothic. Since the eighteenth‐century, representations of masculinities and femininities have participated in larger socio‐political discourses circulating within and around gothic literature and visual art. The effects of such representations are themselves highly unstable and often a single work will demonstrate contrary impulses, subverting, challenging and, at the same time, reinscribing hegemonic values and dominant gender stereotypes. Despite – or perhaps because of – this instability, explicit depictions of sexuality retain a certain revolutionary tincture, an association open for development by artists seeking to perform counter‐hegemonic social interventions. Thus, when William Blake discusses the revolutionary potential of his art to display ‘the infinite which was hid’, he describes this process in terms of ‘an improvement of sensual enjoyment’, etching these claims beneath an image of a naked woman hovering over the flaming body of a recumbent male. This article investigates the representations of gender and sexuality in Moore’s work, situating these in relation to Blake’s equation of eroticism and imaginative transformation. Like Blake, Moore pays particular attention to an expansion of feminine sexuality in a manner that is suspicious of – and at times directly hostile toward – the heteronormative biases embedded in the institution of marriage. Both artists depict gender and sexuality in complicated and unsettling ways. Nevertheless, despite this shared sense that the emancipation of women’s sexual impulses is fundamentally connected with the psychological and political liberation of humanity, their representation of transgressive femininities requires further contextualisation and interrogation. Accordingly, this article will remain sensitive to the historical situations out of which their works emerge, whilst at the same time drawing on the theoretical works of Judith Butler to inform the analysis.
Follow‐up study for a disease management program for chronic heart failure 24 months after program commencement
Authors: OTSU Haruka , MORIYAMA Michiko 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim:  There are few studies dealing with comprehensive chronic heart failure (CHF) disease management programs, which are based on self‐management, in Japan. We developed and conducted a comprehensive educational program for CHF for 6 months that aimed to improve self‐management and prevent the deterioration of outpatients with CHF. Our follow‐up research focused on whether performance of self‐management in the intervention group continued for 24 months after commencement.Methods:  Participants were selected from patients who went for follow‐up visits to one Japanese clinic, which specialized in cardiovascular internal medicine, that were diagnosed with CHF. During the first follow‐up period, 7 to 12 months after program commencement, 47 participants in the intervention group and 47 participants in the control group were analyzed. During the second follow‐up period, 13 to 24 months after program commencement, 41 participants in the intervention group were analyzed.Results:  Participants in the intervention group acquired self‐management skills and activities and these continued up to 24 months after the program commencement. As a result, no deterioration in symptoms related to CHF was demonstrated. Meanwhile, quitting smoking and drinking depended on individual preference and it was difficult to improve.Conclusions:  The educational program was effective in the long term and the program is significant for use in busy medical situations that do not offer sufficient follow‐up support for patients. Regular intervention and ways that produce longer‐lasting effects should be further developed.
Effect on cardiovascular system and autonomic nervous system in healthy adults with different body types while performing movements simulating washing of the lower limbs for cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: MURAKAMI Reiko , MATSUDA Tamiko , KOITABASHI Kikuyo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim:  To clarify the effects on the cardiovascular system and autonomic nervous system of activities simulating washing of the lower limbs in subjects with different body types (underweight body mass index [BMI] < 18.5, normal weight BMI 18.5–24.9, overweight BMI ≥ 25).Methods:  Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), skin blood flow (BF), and HR variability were measured in 15 healthy adults while performing movements similar to washing the lower limbs. Changes in SBP, DBP, HR, BF, double product (DP), low‐frequency values (LF), high‐frequency values (HF) and the ratio between the powers of LF and HF (LF/HF) during activities performed from the supine position (ΔSBP, ΔDBP, ΔHR, ΔBF, ΔDP, ΔLF, ΔHF and ΔLF/HF) were compared among subjects grouped according to body type.Results:  ΔHR and ΔDP in the overweight group were significantly lower than in underweight and normal weight groups (ΔHR, underweight P < 0.05 and normal weight P < 0.05; ΔDP, underweight P < 0.05 and normal weight P < 0.001). Moreover, ΔDP in the underweight group was significantly lower than in the normal weight group (normal weight P < 0.05). ΔBF and ΔLF/HF in the normal weight group were significantly lower than in underweight and overweight groups (ΔBF, underweight P < 0.05 and overweight group P < 0.05; ΔLF/HF, underweight P < 0.05 and overweight P < 0.01). ΔHF in the overweight group was significantly lower than in the normal weight group (normal weight P < 0.05).Conclusion:  The effect on the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems by movements simulating washing of the lower limbs differed according to body type.
Association analysis of BANK1 gene with psoriasis in Southern Han Chinese
Authors: Zhang X. , Fei Z. , Wan J. , Xu J. , Yu B. , Guan M. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with an immunogenetic background. This study aimed to determine the association between three functional SNPs of BANK1 (rs10516487, rs17266594 and rs3733197) with psoriasis in Southern Han Chinese population by determining their frequency in 242 patients with psoriasis and 317 healthy individuals. The genotype frequencies of the detected polymorphisms were analysed in relation to the susceptibility of psoriasis. Our data show that there is no significant difference in genotype distribution for the three BANK1 SNPs between patients and healthy controls. The AA frequency of rs3733197 is significantly higher in patients with psoriasis onset before the age of 23 than in those with late disease onset (P = 0.0069). In addition, analysis on BANK1 haplotype also suggests a protective role for TGC and CAT haplotype from psoriasis (OR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.34–0.89; P = 0.0144; OR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42–0.92; P = 0.0175), whereas CGT haplotype is associated with increased risk of the disease (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.05–1.81, P = 0.0203). Overall, our result indicates that polymorphism in BANK1 is associated with susceptibility to psoriasis in Southern Han Chinese.
Incorporating a mucosal environment in a dynamic gut model results in a more representative colonization by lactobacilli
Authors: Van den Abbeele Pieter , Roos Stefan , Eeckhaut Venessa , MacKenzie Donald A. , Derde Melanie , Verstraete Willy , Marzorati Massimo , Possemiers Sam , Vanhoecke Barbara , Van Immerseel Filip , Van de Wiele Tom 
Published: October 2011

SummaryTo avoid detrimental interactions with intestinal microbes, the human epithelium is covered with a protective mucus layer that traps host defence molecules. Microbial properties such as adhesion to mucus further result in a unique mucosal microbiota with a great potential to interact with the host. As mucosal microbes are difficult to study in vivo, we incorporated mucin‐covered microcosms in a dynamic in vitro gut model, the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME). We assessed the importance of the mucosal environment in this M‐SHIME (mucosal‐SHIME) for the colonization of lactobacilli, a group for which the mucus binding domain was recently discovered. Whereas the two dominant resident Lactobacilli, Lactobacillus mucosae and Pediococcus acidilactici, were both present in the lumen, L. mucosae was strongly enriched in mucus. As a possible explanation, the gene encoding a mucus binding (mub) protein was detected by PCR in L. mucosae. Also the strongly adherent Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) specifically colonized mucus upon inoculation. Short‐term assays confirmed the strong mucin‐binding of both L. mucosae and LGG compared with P. acidilactici. The mucosal environment also increased long‐term colonization of L. mucosae and enhanced its stability upon antibiotic treatment (tetracycline, amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin). Incorporating a mucosal environment thus allowed colonization of specific microbes such as L. mucosae and LGG, in correspondence with the in vivo situation. This may lead to more in vivo‐like microbial communities in such dynamic, long‐term in vitro simulations and allow the study of the unique mucosal microbiota in health and disease.
Importance of computed tomography imaging features for the diagnosis of autoimmune acute liver failure
Authors: Yasui Shin , Fujiwara Keiichi , Okitsu Koichiro , Yonemitsu Yutaka , Ito Hisao , Yokosuka Osamu 
Published: October 2011

Aim:  The diagnosis of acute liver failure due to autoimmune hepatitis is often difficult because of atypical clinicopathological features. Patients with autoimmune acute liver failure are sometimes resistant to immunosuppressive therapy and have poor prognosis. Although their survival rates are especially poor (5–20%) without liver transplantation in Japan, their clinicopathological features have remained uncertain. A major problem is that there is no gold standard for making the diagnosis of acute onset autoimmune hepatitis. If there are diagnosing tools supporting clinicopathological features, they are of benefit to the patients. We examined computed tomography (CT) imaging features of autoimmune acute liver failure to clarify the usefulness of imaging for the diagnosis.Methods:  A retrospective analysis of 129 unenhanced CT scans of 68 patients with acute hepatitis, consisting of 23 with autoimmune acute liver failure (ALF) (group 1), 25 with early admission‐viral ALF (group 2) and 20 with late admission‐viral ALF (group 3), was performed.Results:  Autoimmune acute liver failure showed heterogeneous hypoattenuating areas and viral ALF diffuse ones (P < 0.001). The diffuse hypoattenuating areas were present in none of group 1, 15 (60%) of group 2, and 7 (30%) of group 3. The heterogeneous hypoattenuating areas were present in 15 (65%) of group 1, none of group 2 and 1 (5%) of group 3.Conclusions:  Heterogeneous hypoattenuation on unenhanced CT was a characteristic CT imaging feature of autoimmune acute liver failure compared with viral ALF. This finding could be one of the tools for diagnosing autoimmune acute liver failure in combination with clinicopathological features.
Fulminant hepatitis: Who survives without liver transplantation?
Authors: Miyake Yasuhiro , Yasunaka Tetsuya , Ikeda Fusao , Takaki Akinobu , Nouso Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Kazuhide 
Published: October 2011

Aim:  In order to rescue more patients with fulminant hepatitis (FH) in a setting of the shortage of liver grafts, it is important not only to determine the suitable timing for liver transplantation (LT) but also to reduce avoidable operations for patients surviving without LT. This study aimed to identify prognostic parameters for survival without LT in FH patients.Methods:  In 96 FH patients who did not receive LT, we examined prognostic parameters at the time of the diagnosis of FH, which were associated with patient's survival.Results:  Fifty‐three patients (55%) were female. The median age was 48 years. At the time of the diagnosis of FH, hepatic coma grade was II in 63 patients (66%), III in 22 (23%) and IV in 11 (11%). Forty‐six patients (48%) were in a state of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Four parameters of age (<45 years), SIRS (no), direct bilirubin/total bilirubin ratio (>0.65), and total bilirubin (<12.0 mg/dL) were associated with patient's survival. Overall survival rate of eight patients ulfilling all four parameters were 88%. In 17 patients fulfilling any three parameters, 2‐week, 4‐week and overall survival rates were 82%, 77% and 71%, respectively. On the other hand, overall survival rate of 38 patients fulfilling any one parameter or none was less than 10%.Conclusions:  Patients fulfilling all four parameters will be successfully treated without LT. In patients fulfilling any three parameters, intensive care including artificial liver support in expectation of hepatic regeneration during a few weeks may be possible.
Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study of the Effect of Propentofylline on Survival Time and Quality of Life of Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Authors: Fischer Y. , Ritz S. , Weber K. , Sauter‐Louis C. , Hartmann K. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundCurrently there is no drug proven to effectively treat cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).HypothesisPropentofylline (PPF) can decrease vasculitis, and therefore prolong survival time in cats withFIP, and increase their quality of life.AnimalsTwenty‐three privately owned cats withFIP.MethodsPlacebo‐controlled double‐blind trial.FIPwas confirmed by histology or immunostaining of feline coronavirus (FCoV) antigen in effusion or tissue macrophages or both. The cats were randomly selected for treatment with eitherPPFor placebo. All cats received additional treatment with glucocorticoids, antibiotics, and low molecular weight heparin according to methods.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the survival time of cats treated with PPF (8 days, 95% CI 5.4–10.6) versus placebo (7.5 days, 95% CI 4.4–9.6). The median survival time of all cats was 8 days (4–36 days). There was neither a difference in quality of life (day 7,P = .892), in the amount of effusion (day 7,P = .710), the tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) concentration (day 7,P = .355), nor in any other variable investigated in this study, including a complete blood count, and a small animal biochemistry profile.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study did not detect an effect ofPPFon the survival time, the quality of life, or any clinical or laboratory parameter in cats withFIP. Therefore,PPFdoes not appear to be an effective treatment option in cats with a late stage of the diseaseFIP.
Expression of wild‐type and mutant S20G hIAPP in physiologic knock‐in mouse models fails to induce islet amyloid formation, but induces mild glucose intolerance
Authors: Hiddinga Henry J , Sakagashira Setsuya , Ishigame Masayuki , Madde Pranathi , Sanke Tokio , Nanjo Kishio , Kudva Yogish C , Lee James J , van Deursen Jan , Eberhardt Norman L 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAims/Introduction:  Human islet polypeptide S20G mutation (hIAPPS20G) is associated with earlier onset type 2 diabetes and increased amyloidogenicity and cytotoxicity in vitro vs wild‐type hIAPP (hIAPPWT), suggesting that amyloidogenesis may be pathogenic for type 2 diabetes. We compared the contributions of hIAPPS20G and hIAPPWT toward intra islet amyloid formation and development of type 2 diabetes in a unique physiologic knock‐in mouse model.Materials and Methods:  We replaced the mouse IAPP gene (M allele) with hIAPPWT (W allele) and hIAPPS20G (G allele) via homologous recombination and backbred transgenic mice against C57Bl/6 strain 5 generations to minimize genetic variation. Mice (3 month old) were maintained on control (CD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 15 months and studied at 3 month intervals by oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) and pancreas histology to assess glucose homeostastis, amyloidogeneisis, islet mass, β cell replication, and apoptosis.Results:  IAPP blood levels were indistinguishable in all mice. WW and GW mice maintained on both diets lacked intraislet amyloid at all ages. On both diets relative to MM controls WW and GW mice exhibit glucose intolerance (P < 0.008) with no differences in insulin secretion. However, GW mice secreted significantly more insulin (P < 0.03 that WW mice on both diets throughout the study. By 12 months on the high fat diet all mice increased their β cell mass about 3‐fold and were indistinguishable.Conclusions:  Physiologic expression of hIAPPWT and hIAPPS20G in C57Bl/6 mice produces mild glucose intolerance with inappropriately normal insulin secretion that is independent of intraislet amyloid formation. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2011.00166.x, 2011)