bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universal production patterns and ambient language influences in babbling: A cross-linguistic study of Korean- and English-learning infants*
Authors: LEE SUE ANN S. , DAVIS BARBARA , MACNEILAGE PETER 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTThe phonetic characteristics of canonical babbling produced by Korean- and English-learning infants were compared with consonant and vowel frequencies observed in infant-directed speech produced by Korean- and English-speaking mothers. For infant output, babbling samples from six Korean-learning infants were compared with an existing English babbling database (Davis & MacNeilage, 1995). For ambient language comparisons, consonants and vowels in ten Korean and ten English infant-directed speech (IDS) samples were analyzed. The two infant groups demonstrated similar consonant patterns, but showed different vowel patterns from one another. For both languages, infant vowel patterns were related to those of ambient language IDS. Ambient language patterns were manifested in infant vowel output, perhaps because vowels are more perceptually and motorically available in the input and output capacities of babbling infants.
CLEX: A cross-linguistic lexical norms database*
Authors: JØRGENSEN RUNE NØRGAARD , DALE PHILIP S. , BLESES DORTHE , FENSON LARRY 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTParent report has proven a valid and cost-effective means of evaluating early child language. Norming datasets for these instruments, which provide the basis for standardized comparisons of individual children to a population, can also be used to derive norms for the acquisition of individual words in production and comprehension and also early gestures and symbolic actions. These lexical norms have a wide range of uses in basic research, assessment and intervention. In addition, cross-linguistic comparisons of lexical development are greatly facilitated by the availability of norms from diverse languages. This report describes the development of CLEX, a new web-based cross-linguistic database for lexical data from adaptations of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories. CLEX provides tools for a range of analyses within and across languages. It is designed to incorporate additional language datasets easily, and to permit users to define mappings between lexical items in pairs of languages for more specific cross-linguistic comparisons.
Mapping the grounding zone of the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica using InSAR, MODIS and ICESat
Authors: Fricker Helen Amanda , Coleman Richard , Padman Laurie , Scambos Ted A. , Bohlander Jennifer , Brunt Kelly M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe use a combination of satellite techniques (interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), visible-band imagery, and repeat-track laser altimetry) to develop a benchmark map for the Amery Ice Shelf (AIS) grounding zone (GZ), including its islands and ice rises. The break-in-slope, as an indirect estimate of grounding line location, was mapped for the entire AIS. We have also mapped ∼55% of the landward edge and ∼30% of the seaward edge of the ice shelf flexure boundary for the AIS perimeter. Vertical ice motion from Global Positioning System receivers confirms the location of the satellite-derived GZ in two regions. Our map redefines the extent of floating ice in the south-western AIS and identifies several previously unmapped grounded regions, improving our understanding of the stresses supporting the current dynamical state of the ice shelf. Finally, we identify three along-flow channels in the ice shelf basal topography, approximately 10 km apart, 1.5 km wide and 300–500 m deep, near the southern GZ. These channels, which form at the suture zones between ice streams, may represent zones of potential weakness in the ice shelf and may influence sub-ice-shelf ocean circulation.
A type system for Discretionary Access Control
Authors: BUGLIESI MICHELE , COLAZZO DARIO , CRAFA SILVIA , MACEDONIO DAMIANO 
Published: July 2009

Discretionary Access Control (DAC) systems provide powerful resource management mechanisms based on the selective distribution of capabilities to selected classes of principals. We study a type-based theory of DAC models for a process calculus that extends Cardelli, Ghelli and Gordon's pi-calculus with groups (Cardelliet al. 2005). In our theory, groups play the role of principals and form the unit of abstraction for our access control policies, and types allow the specification of fine-grained access control policies to govern the transmission of names, bound the (iterated) re-transmission of capabilities and predicate their use on the inability to pass them to third parties. The type system relies on subtyping to achieve a selective distribution of capabilities to the groups that control the communication channels. We show that the typing and subtyping relationships of the calculus are decidable. We also prove a type safety result, showing that in well-typed processes all names:(i)flow according to the access control policies specified by their types; and(ii)are received at the intended sites with the intended capabilities.We illustrate the expressive power and the flexibility of the typing system using several examples.
Profile of hippocampal volumes and stroke risk varies by neuropsychological definition of mild cognitive impairment
Authors: JAK AMY J. , URBAN STEPHANIE , McCAULEY ASHLEY , BANGEN KATHERINE J. , DELANO-WOOD LISA , COREY-BLOOM JODY , BONDI MARK W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWide-ranging conceptual and diagnostic approaches to defining mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have led to highly variable prevalence and progression rates. We sought to examine whether bilateral hippocampal volumes and cerebrovascular risk factors in individuals characterized by two different neuropsychological definitions of MCI subtypes would also differ. Participants were 65 nondemented, community-dwelling, older adults, ages 62–91 years, drawn from a larger group of individuals enrolled in a longitudinal study of normal aging. A comprehensive neuropsychological definition of MCI that required the presence of more than one impaired score in a cognitive domain resulted in expected anatomical results; hippocampal volumes were significantly smaller in the aMCI group as compared to cognitively normal or nonamnestic MCI participants. However, a typical definitional scheme for classifying MCI based only on the presence of one impaired score within a cognitive domain did not result in hippocampal differences between groups. Global stroke risk factors did not differ between the two definitional schemes, although the relationship between stroke risk variables and neuropsychological performance did vary by diagnostic approach. The comprehensive approach demonstrated associations between stroke risk and cognition, whereas the typical approach did not. Use of more sophisticated clinical decision-making and diagnostic approaches that incorporate comprehensive neuropsychological assessment techniques is supported by this convergence of neuropsychological, neuropathological, and stroke risk findings. (JINS, 2009, 15, 890–897.)
Cognitive performance before and after kidney transplantation: A prospective controlled study of adequately dialyzed patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: HARCIAREK MICHAŁ , BIEDUNKIEWICZ BOGDAN , LICHODZIEJEWSKA-NIEMIERKO MONIKA , DĘBSKA-ŚLIZIEŃ ALICJA , RUTKOWSKI BOLESŁAW 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPatients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who receive dialysis have been shown to have impaired neuropsychological performance. It remains unclear, however, whether cognitive deficits associated with ESRD and/or dialysis are reversible after successful kidney transplantation. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to longitudinally compare the cognitive performance of adequately dialyzed patients with ESRD before and shortly after kidney transplantation. Twenty-two dialyzed patients with ESRD who subsequently received a kidney transplant, 20 dialyzed patients who were medically qualified and awaiting kidney transplant but did not receive it, and 30 matched controls were the participants for this study. Overall, our results demonstrate that a successful kidney transplant is associated with improved neuropsychological performance in patients with ESRD. Specifically, a significant improvement was seen on measures of psychomotor speed, visual planning, retrieval of learnt material, and abstract thinking. Additionally, the degree of cognitive improvement following kidney transplant was significantly associated with some pre-, intra-, and postoperative factors (e.g., age, duration of chronic kidney disease, postoperative graft function). The results of this study also show that the cognitive performance of adequately dialyzed patients without a kidney transplant, although often below that of matched controls, remains relatively stable over time . (JINS, 2009, 15, 684–694.)
A large-scale retrospective study of closing-in behavior in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: AMBRON ELISABETTA , MCINTOSH ROBERT D. , ALLARIA FRANCESCA , DELLA SALA SERGIO 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe frequency and characteristics of closing-in behavior (CIB) were examined in 797 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 132 of whom were followed up longitudinally. The frequency of CIB increased with the complexity of the graphic copying task and with the severity of Alzheimer’s disease. Regression analyses suggested that attentional deficits are critical factors for the appearance of CIB, but that visuospatial impairments also play an important role in the emergence of severe forms of CIB. (JINS, 2009, 15, 787–792.)
A comparison of the hazard perception ability of matched groups of healthy drivers aged 35 to 55, 65 to 74, and 75 to 84 years
Authors: HORSWILL MARK S. , PACHANA NANCY A. , WOOD JOANNE , MARRINGTON SHELBY A. , McWILLIAM JENNA , McCULLOUGH CYNTHIA M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe examined differences in response latencies obtained during a validated video-based hazard perception driving test between three healthy, community-dwelling groups: 22 mid-aged (35–55 years), 34 young–old (65–74 years), and 23 old-old (75–84 years) current drivers, matched for gender, education level, and vocabulary. We found no significant difference in performance between mid-aged and young-old groups, but the old-old group was significantly slower than the other two groups. The differences between the old-old group and the other groups combined were independently mediated by useful field of view (UFOV), contrast sensitivity, and simple reaction time measures. Given that hazard perception latency has been linked with increased crash risk, these results are consistent with the idea that increased crash risk in older adults could be a function of poorer hazard perception, though this decline does not appear to manifest until age 75+ in healthy drivers. (JINS, 2009, 15, 799–802.)
Ecological assessment of executive functions in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: ESPINOSA ANA , ALEGRET MONTSERRAT , BOADA MERCÈ , VINYES GEORGINA , VALERO SERGI , MARTÍNEZ-LAGE PABLO , PEÑA-CASANOVA JORDI , BECKER JAMES T , WILSON BARBARA A. , TÁRRAGA LLUÍS 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAlthough memory deficits are typically the earliest and most profound symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there is increasing recognition of subtle executive dysfunctions in these patients. The purpose of the present study was to determine the sensitivity of the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS), and to detect early specific signs of the dysexecutive syndrome in the transition from normal cognition to dementia. The BADS was administered to 50 MCI subjects, 50 mild AD patients, and 50 normal controls. Statistically significant differences were found among the three groups with the AD patients performing most poorly, and the MCI subjects performing between controls and AD patients. The Rule Shift Cards and the Action Program subtests were the most highly discriminative between MCI and controls; the Zoo Map and Modified Six Elements between MCI and AD; and the Action Program, Zoo Map, and Modified Six Elements between AD and controls. These results demonstrate that the BADS is clinically useful in discriminating between normal cognition and progressive neurodegenerative conditions. Furthermore, these data confirm the presence of a dysexecutive syndrome even in mildly impaired elderly subjects. (JINS, 2009, 15, 751–757.)
Decomposing age correlations on neuropsychological and cognitive variables
Authors: SALTHOUSE TIMOTHY A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIndividual differences associated with age and various neurological conditions are often found in many different neuropsychological and cognitive variables. These variables are frequently treated as though they were independent of one another, with the results interpreted in terms of effects on task-specific processes. However, an alternative perspective evaluates the breadth of the individual difference influences, and takes relations with other variables into account when considering effects on specific neurocognitive variables. This analytical procedure is illustrated in analyses of the WAIS-IV and WMS-IV standardization data, and of data from the Virginia Cognitive Aging Project. (JINS, 2009,15, 650–661.)
The Sun, geomagnetic polarity transitions, and possible biospheric effects: review and illustrating model
Authors: Glassmeier Karl-Heinz , Richter Otto , Vogt Joachim , Möbus Petra , Schwalb Antje 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe Earth is embedded in the solar wind, this ever-streaming extremely tenuous ionized gas emanating from the Sun. It is the geomagnetic field which inhibits the solar wind plasma to directly impinge upon the terrestrial atmosphere. It is also the geomagnetic field which moderates and controls the entry of energetic particles of cosmic and solar origin into the atmosphere. During geomagnetic polarity transitions the terrestrial magnetic field decays down to about 10% of its current value. Also, the magnetic field topology changes from a dipole dominated structure to a multipole dominated topology. What happens to the Earth system during such a polarity transition, that is, during episodes of a weak transition field? Which modifications of the configuration of the terrestrial magnetosphere can be expected? Is there any influence on the atmosphere from the intensified particle bombardment? What are the possible effects on the biosphere? Is a polarity transition another example of a cosmic cataclysm? A review is provided on the current understanding of the problem. A first, illustrating model is also discussed to outline the complexity of any biospheric reaction on polarity transitions.
Late-stage stellar evolution: impact on planets
Authors: Silvotti Roberto 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAmong the many cosmic cataclysms that can influence life, we focus on the impact that the most critical phases of the late-stage stellar evolution may have on planets. To give an example, the red giant expansion of the Sun will probably engulf the inner planets, including perhaps the Earth. Although these studies are far from being able to predict anything concerning life, they are starting to make preliminary predictions about what can happen to planets within a few AU of the star. We present a short review of this field, in particular regarding the first detections of old evolved planets orbiting post-red giant branch stars.
Consensus and majority voting in the WTO
Authors: TIJMES-LHL JAIME 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article's subject is the implications that consensus/unanimity and majority voting might have for the World Trade Organization's (WTO) decision-making system. First it looks at some consequences that replacing the consensus rule with majority voting might have for the WTO, including justice concerns, legitimacy, homogeneity of WTO membership, and international enforcement. Second, it summarizes some solutions found in the European Union (EU) for coping with unanimity and majority rule, including constructive abstention, reallocation of contractual responsibilities, and the Luxembourg compromise. Finally, it considers some reform options for the WTO and offers some conclusions, namely expanding majority voting on certain areas only, redefining competences, multi-speed proposals (rethinking the single undertaking, constructive abstention, and the scheduling approach), redefining consensus, combining consensus and majority voting, and issuing interpretations.
Why trade facilitation matters to Africa
Authors: PORTUGAL-PEREZ ALBERTO , WILSON JOHN S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMitigating the impact of the economic crisis will require using all the tools necessary to regain a sustainable path to growth. This includes measures to support trade expansion, including in developing countries, such as those in Africa. This paper provides context for understanding why trade facilitation and lowering trade costs matter to Africa both today and over the long term. Trade costs are higher in Africa than in other regions. Using gravity-model estimates, the authors compute ad-valorem equivalents of improvements in trade indicators for a sample of African countries. The evidence suggests that the gains for African exporters from cutting trade costs half-way to the level of Mauritius has a greater effect on trade flows than a substantial cut in tariff barriers. As an example, improving logistics so that Ethiopia cuts its costs of trading a standardized container of goods half-way to the level in Mauritius would be roughly equivalent to a 7.6% cut in tariffs faced by Ethiopian exporters across all importers.
Legal Aspects of Church–State Relations in New Zealand
Authors: Cox Noel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEven though the church law of the Anglican Church in New Zealand is based upon the consensus of the members of the Church, the laws of the State also have an important part to play. In particular, not only is the Church, as a juridical body, subject to the law of the land, it has also relied upon the State for the enactment of certain laws. This has been necessitated by the evolution of the Church in New Zealand, and is also a legacy of the pre-colonial Church of England. This is also affected by the lack of an indigenous method or style of approach in the exposition of ecclesiastical law.
Looking to the Future: AGU Council Takes Important Action
Authors: Grove Timothy L. 
Published: July 2009

At the Joint Assembly in Toronto, the AGU Council passed three measures important to the Union's future: (1) a recommendation for a change in governance structure, (2) the schedule for the search for a new executive director, and (3) the announcement of a new strategic planning initiative.Last month, I updated you on important data gathering and deliberations completed by the Future Focus Task Force (FFTF), a 15‐member committee established to advise the Council of changes needed for AGU's future, and I promised to share the results with you.
Unique Meteorological Data During Hurricane Ike's Passage Over Houston
Authors: Schade Gunnar , Rappenglück Bernhard 
Published: July 2009

Hurricane Ike passed over the Houston, Tex., metropolitan area during the early morning of 13 September 2008. Although Ike had been rated only a category 2 on the Saffir‐Simpson scale at landfall near Galveston, Tex., the storm's widespread damage to urban trees, many lacking proper trimming, knocked out the area's power distribution system; for some customers, power was only restored a month later.The hurricane's path after landfall (Figure 1a) went north through Galveston Bay and Baytown. The city of Houston–with its economically important ship channel–experienced the less severe western eye wall, the tight circulation with maximum wind speeds around the hurricane's center. The eye's passage was recorded between 3:00 and 4:30 A.M. Central Standard Time (CST; Figures 1a and 1c). It had maintained its unusually large diameter of 35–40 kilometers in its first hours after landfall.
Web site for human spaceflight review committee
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: July 2009

As part of an independent review of human spaceflight plans and programs, NASA has established a Web site for the Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee (http://hsf.nasa.gov).The Web site provides the committee's charter, relevant documents, information about meetings and members, and ways to contact the committee. “The human spaceflight program belongs to everyone. Our committee would hope to benefit from the views of all who would care to contact us,” noted committee chairman Norman Augustine, retired chair and CEO of Lockheed Martin Corporation.
ClassII peroxidase-encoding genes are present in a phylogenetically wide range of ectomycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Bödeker Inga T M , Nygren Cajsa M R , Taylor Andy F S , Olson Åke , Lindahl Björn D 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Fungal peroxidases (ClassII) have a key role in degrading recalcitrant polyphenolic compounds in boreal forest wood, litter and humus. To date, their occurrence and activity have mainly been studied in a small number of white-rot wood decomposers. However, peroxidase activity is commonly measured in boreal forest humus and mineral soils, in which ectomycorrhizal fungi predominate. Here, we used degenerate PCR primers to investigate whether peroxidase-encoding genes are present in the genomes of a wide phylogenetic range of ectomycorrhizal taxa. Cloning and sequencing of PCR products showed that ectomycorrhizal fungi from several different genera possess peroxidase genes. The new sequences represent four major homobasidiomycete lineages, but the majority is derived from Cortinarius, Russula and Lactarius. These genera are ecologically important, but consist mainly of non-culturable species from which little ecophysiological information is available. The amplified sequences contain conserved active sites, both for folding and substrate oxidation. In some Cortinarius spp., there is evidence for gene duplications during the evolution of the genus. ClassII peroxidases seem to be an ancient and a common feature of most homobasidiomycetes, including ectomycorrhizal fungi. Production of extracellular peroxidases may provide ectomycorrhizal fungi with access to nitrogen sequestered in complex polyphenolic sources.
Abundant transposases encoded by the metagenome of a hydrothermal chimney biofilm
Authors: Brazelton William J , Baross John A 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The carbonate chimneys of the Lost City Hydrothermal Field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are coated in thick microbial biofilms consisting of just a few dominant species. We report a preliminary analysis of a biofilm metagenome that revealed a remarkable abundance and diversity of genes potentially involved in lateral gene transfer (LGT). More than 8% of all metagenomic reads showed significant sequence similarity to transposases; all available metagenomic data sets from other environments contained at least an order of magnitude fewer transposases. Furthermore, the sequence diversity of transposase genes in the biofilm was much greater than that of 16S rRNA genes. The small size and high sequencing coverage of contigs containing transposases indicate that they are located on small but abundant extragenomic molecules. These results suggest that rampant LGT among members of the Lost City biofilm may serve as a generator of phenotypic diversity in a community with very low organismal diversity.