bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between visual field index and ganglion cell complex parameters, global loss volume and focal loss volume, measured by RTVueTM OCT: interim analysis
Authors: HAUTENAUVEN F , JANSSEN X , POURJAVAN S 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the correlation between visual field index (VFI%) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) parameters: global loss volume (GLV%) and focal loss volume (FLV%) in glaucomatous patients. Methods Prospective study including both eyes of 31 glaucomatous patients with a repeatable abnormal Standard Automated Perimetry (SAP) and a local visual field defect in at least one eye. Visual field (VF) examination was performed using Humphrey SAP. OCT imaging was obtained by an experienced technician and using RTVue Spectral Domain OCT. VFI% from VF examination and GLV% and FLV% from RTVue OCT were taken into account for further statistical analysis. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between different parameter. Results The mean age was 56 ± 14 yrs. Only 49 of the total 62 visual fields showed reliable and repeatable defect with an abnormal GHT (Abn VF). These VF were taken into account for the correlation test. The remainders (NL VF) were used as controls. The mean VFI% in Abn VF was 79.8 ± 21%. The mean of GLV% was 6.0 ±4.1 and the mean of FLV % was 19.6±11. The Pearson correlation showed no correlation between VFI% and GLV% (p=0.07). There was a correlation between VFI% and FLV% (p<0.01). Conclusion To date, in this interim analysis, we found only a correlation between VFI% and FLV%. It might refer that FLV parameter is more influenced by the focal defect in the VF.
Refractory glaucoma secondary to iridocorneal syndrome treated with drainage implant
Authors: JIMENEZ DEL RIO B , IBANEZ ALPERTE J , MATEO OROBIA A , PEREZ GARCIA D , ASCASO PUYUELO FJ , LORAS ALEGRE E , CRISTOBAL BESCOS JA 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome is a rare proliferative corneal endotheliopathy of unknown etiology. Common manifestations include corneal edema,iris stromal abnormalities, peripheral anterior synechiae and glaucoma, which does not usually respond to medical treatment. We want to know what is the most successful surgical practice for the control of intraocular presure (IOP) in these patients. Methods We presents a case of man of 27 years with ocular hypertension in the right eye (RE) difficult to control for 6 months. AV 8/10 in his RE. Iris atrophy with corectopia, uveal ectropion and peripheral anterior synechiae were observed in RE. Abnormalities of angle and endothelial disruption without corneal edema led to a diagnosis of ICE syndrome. We performed an Ahmed valve implant in that eye. Two months after surgery the IOP remains controlled with topical beta‐blocker. Results The ICE syndrome is usually unilateral disorder that can develop glaucoma resistant to medical treatment. There is a lack of consensus on the surgical technique of choice. It is described a higher survival rate of valve implants on trabeculectomy at 3 and 5 years as well as higher rates of failure than other glaucoma, due to endothelialization of the fistula. The use of Mitomycin would be indicated in these cases. Conclusion When is not possible to perform a classical filtering surgery due to angle morphological characteristics, the placement of a valve implant should be considered.
Functional and hemodynamic parameters in glaucoma patients after trabeculectomy
Authors: KAZARYAN AA , MARTINOVA LV , DOYNICHENKO NA 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To study a correlation of hemodynamic and electroretinography (ERG) parameters in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) before and after trabeculectomy. Methods 29 patients (32 eyes) with early, advanced and late stages of POAG were tested prior to surgery and at 2 months after trabeculectomy. Standard ERG methods and chromatic macular ERG were used. Ocular hemodynamics were evaluated by colour Doppler sonography. Peak systolic velocities (PSV), end‐diastolic velocities (EDV), and resistive indices (RI) of the ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA) were obtained. Results After surgery reduction of IOP (62.7%, p≤0.001) revealed a significant increase of amplitude values of OPs and macular ERG (p≤0.05). In early and late stages of POAG there were no significant differences in ocular blood flow parameters before and after trabeculectomy. In advanced stage the PSV and EDV in CRA were increased (p≤0.05). We found a correlation between macular ERG to red stimuli, OPs and blood flow parameters in CRA and SPCA before trabeculectomy. After surgery statistics revealed a correlation only between OPs and PSV in CRA. Conclusion The functional changes of macular area and inner retina are more common in patients with simultaneous decrease of PSV and EDV in CRA and SPCA. Retinal bioelectric activity in early and advanced stages of POAG is IOP‐dependent, and can be partially restored after IOP reduction. In contrast to ERG, the retinal blood parameters are relatively constant before and after short period of trabeculectomy.
Homocysteine concentration in the aqueous and plasma of patients with exfoliative glaucoma and primary open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: KALTSOS K , MIKROPOULOS D , NASR M , KOLIAKOS G , ZIAKAS N , KONSTAS AGP 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To compare the mean homocysteine concentration in aqueous humor and plasma in patients with exfoliation syndrome (XFS), exfoliative glaucoma (XFG), primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal controls and to evaluate the role of this biochemical index in the management of glaucoma Methods Aqueous and blood samples were collected from 30 subjects with XFS, 30 subjects with XFG 30 subjects with POAG and 48 individuals with senile cataract who underwent routine phacoemulsification surgery. The mean homocysteine concentration was determined with the enzyme immunoassay method Axis® FHCY 100 Results The mean concentration of homocysteine was significantly higher in XFG patients in both aqueous (2,89±0,82 μmol/l) and plasma samples (17,51±6,08 μmol/l) compared with normal controls (1,87±0,47 μmol/l in the aqueous and 13,04±3,37 μmol/l in the plasma respectively). Patients with POAG exhibited higher mean homocysteine concentration both in aqueous (2,29±0,43μmol/l) and plasma samples (19,17±2,80 μmol/l) compared with normal controls. No significant differences were detected in homocysteine levels between XFS subjects and normal controls in the aqueous (1,98±0,48 μmol/l), or plasma (14,52±5,47 μmol/l). However, a significantly higher level of homocysteine was detected in the aqueous and plasma of those with XFG compared with the XFS group (<0.05). Hypehomocystenemia was present in 93,3% (28/30) of POAG samples, in 70% (21/30) of XFG samples, in 40% (12/30) of XFS samples, and in 27,1% (13/48) of normal control samples. Conclusion The study confirms a significantly higher homocysteine level in XFG and POAG, which may represent a modifiable risk factor in the future.
DHA administration protects antioxidant defenses in human retinal pigmented epithelial cells in high concentration glucose
Authors: ARNAL E , JOHNSEN‐SORIANO S , ROMERO FJ 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of visual loss and increased nitric oxide (NO) has been correlated with that. The aim of this study was to evaluate protective properties of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells exposed to high glucose concentration. Methods ARPE‐19 were cultured 4 days with normal blood glucose concentration (5,5 mM D‐glucose), followed by exposure to either normal (5,5 mM) or high (45 mM) concentration of D‐glucose during the next 5 days and DHA was added to the culture medium. Four different study groups were obtained: control group (5,5mM D‐glucose) (C), control+DHA group(5,5 mM D‐glucose+6,7 uM DHA)(CDHA), glucose group (45 mM D‐glucose)(G) and glucose+DHA group (45 mM D‐glucose+ 6,7 uM DHA)(GDHA). At the end of the experiment cells were washed, sonicated and lysed and the homogenates criopreserved. The total antioxidant capacity was measured with a commercial kit (Antioxidant Assay Kit, Cayman) and to measured the total nitrites a commercial kit was used (Parameter, Total Nitrite, R&D Systems). Results Antioxidant capacity in Ggroup was decreased significantly (0.97±0.10 mM/mg prot) when compared with the Cgroup (1.52±0.09 mM/mg prot). DHA administration reversed this alteration to normal values in the GDHA group (1.41 ± 0.16 mM/mg prot, p< 0.05 vs control). The total nitrites were significantly elevated in Ggroup (1.09±0.35 umol/L/mg prot) when compared to the Cgroup (0.53±0.08 umol/L/mg prot) and DHA administration reversed this alteration to normal values (0.49±0.12 umol/L/mg prot, p< 0.05 vs G). Conclusion DHA might be useful in protecting diabetic retina, though further studies are needed to better understand this mechanisms.
Lutein bioavailability is matrix‐dependent in powdered dietary supplements
Authors: SCHALCH W , BECK M , ROOS F , ELLIOTT J , ROBERTS R 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) are the principal constituents of the macula lutea and have been associated with a reduction of risk for retinal diseases as well as improvements in visual function. Intake of L has also been reported to increase macular pigment levels, which are dependent on the bioavailability of the L source. External factors such as matrix composition and delivery system have a major impact on L absorption. A preliminary study in rats had indicated significant differences between the bioavailability of L formulated employing an alginate coating versus L embedded in a corn starch matrix. In order to evaluate these differences in humans, this comparative PK study was undertaken. Methods After a baseline period of 3 days, individual plasma responses to single doses of 20 mg unesterified L from product A or B were recorded in a randomized, double‐blind, two‐phase, cross‐over study enrolling 48 volunteers and conducted over 4 weeks for each cross‐over phase. Lutein plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC. Main PK parameters evaluated included the area under the curve, cmax, tmax, and elimination half‐time. Results A preliminary and blinded analysis showed striking differences, even though only the data of the first 7 out of the enrolled 48 subjects were available at the time of abstract submission. While the plasma level increase was minor with product A, product B almost doubled plasma concentrations on average (p<0.05). One of the seven subjects was a non‐responder to either product, but was still included in this initial analysis. Conclusion The drastic differences in apparent bioavailability between the two L forms emphasize the importance of matrix characteristics for the bioavailability of xanthophylls such as lutein.
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Differential effect of ischemia, hypoxia, hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia on the rat retinal neurotransmittion
Authors: VASILAKI A , GRIVAS V , SOURLAS V , PAPAGEORGIOU E 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The time‐dependent effects of glucose and oxygen alterations on retinal neurotransmission, are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate ex vivo the influence of ischemia, hypoxia, hyper‐ and hypo‐glycaemia on the excitatory and inhibitory rat retinal neurotransmission during the first 70min after an initial insult. Methods For this purpose, 3H‐D‐Aspartate and 3H‐GABA release as well as choline acetyl‐transferase immunoreactivity (ChAT‐IR) were studied under ischemic (glucose to sucrose replacement and 95%N2/5%CO2 buffering), hypoxic (95%N2/5%CO2 buffering), hypoglycaemic (glucose to sucrose replacement) and hyperglycaemic (30mM glucose) conditions, using an ex vivo rat retinal superfusion system. Results Compared to normoxic conditions: i) ischemia led to an initial decrease of 3H‐D‐Aspartate release followed ~30min later by a delayed increase that was concurrent with an increase of 3H‐GABA release, ii) hypoxia led to a decrease of 3H‐D‐Aspartate release 8min after the initial insult, followed 20min later by a decrease of 3H‐GABA release, iii) hyperglycaemia led to a brief initial decrease of 3H‐D‐Aspartate release while, iv) hypoglycaemia led to a delayed increase of 3H‐GABA release followed by an increase of 3H‐D‐Aspartate release. ChAT‐IR in INL and GCL layers was minimally affected under hypoxic conditions; it was diminished under either hypoglycaemic or hyperglycaemic conditions, while it was abolished under ischemic conditions. Conclusion Hypoxia decreases retinal neurotransmission. Glutamatergic excitotoxicity is induced primarily under ischemia and to a lesser degree under hypoglycaemia. The GABA‐release compensatory mechanism is more prominent under ex vivo ischemia.
In vitro evaluation of apoptic effects of single and combined use of alpha tocopherol and current antifıbrotics, in human Tenon’s fibroblast and endothelial cells
Authors: ENGIN KN , YEMISCI B , ERDEM S 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Mitomycin‐C, 5‐FU and Paclitaxel are current antifibrotics used to prevent fibrocellular scar formation in ophthalmic surgery but, their side effects on endothelium limits their use. Aside from its antioxidant effects, a‐tocopherol is known to be a neuromediator not only prevents tenon’s fibroblast proliferation, but effects similar pathways with those of other antifibrotics as well. In this study, apoptotic effects of a‐tocopherol and other antifibrotics ‐in concordant doses with their in vivo uses, on human tenon’s fibroblast and endothelial cells were examined in vitro in various combinations. Methods Effects of antifibrotic agents Paclitaxel, Mitomycin, 5‐FU and a‐tocopherol in primary human tenon’s fibroblast and ECV304 human umblical vein endothelial cell cultures were evaluated in single applications and in combination with a‐tocopherol. Apoptotic (AI) Mitotic indexes (MI)were evaluated. Apoptotic cells were demonstrated immunohistochemically in preperates stained with peroxidase labeled Caspace3, bcl‐2/ bax gene expressions were evaluated with Reverse Transcriptase‐PCR. Apoptosis/Necrosis ratios were evaluated with Annexin/PI. Results Mitomycin and especially Paclitaxel groups demonstrated a significant AI increase, which were found to be augmented by a‐tocopherol addition, except for a reverse effect for 5‐FU in endothelial cells. Either bcl‐2/bax ratio decrease, or Caspase activity were found only in Mitomycin group. Annexin/PI ratios were also concordant with those results. Conclusion Single uses of 5‐FU and a‐tocopherol have been found to be safe but less effective. Their combination is found to increase both safety and efficiency.
Vasomotor effect of intravitreal juxta‐arteriolar injection of L‐lactate on the retinal arterioles following acute branch retinal vein occlusion in minipigs
Authors: MENDRINOS E , PETROPOULOS I , MANGIORIS G , TSILIMBARIS MK , PAPADOPOULOU DN , GEKA A , POURNARAS CJ 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose After branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), the retinal territory affected by the occlusion becomes hypoxic and the arterioles crossing this territory are often constricted. The purpose of the current experimental animal study is to investigate the effect of intravitreal juxta‐arteriolar microinjection of L‐lactate on the retinal arteriolar diameter following acute BRVO in minipigs. Methods Under general anesthesia, 9 eyes of 9 minipigs were evaluated. Argon laser endo‐photocoagulation was used to create BRVO. Two hours after BRVO, an intravitreal juxta‐arteriolar microinjection of 50 µl L‐lacate 1 mM (pH=7.4) was performed. The procedure was recorded in real time and retinal arteriolar diameter changes were measured in vivo using a Retinal Vessel Analyzer. Results Two hours after BRVO, the retinal arteriolar diameter decreased from 210 ± 16 AU to 183 ± 14 AU in the affected territories (p=0.04). Five minutes following L‐lactate juxta‐arteriolar microinjection, the retinal arteriolar diameter increased to 241 ± 16 AU (p< 0.01). The vasodilatory effect of L‐lactate persisted and remained significant till the end of the study period (243 ± 15 AU at 30 min, p<0.01). Conclusion We measured a significant vasodilation after intravitreal juxta‐arteriolar L‐lactate microinjection in eyes with experimental BRVO. L‐lactate microinjection can be of potential interest in acute BRVO, reversing the arteriolar vasoconstriction, thus leading to increase of the retinal arteriolar blood flow and possibly to improvement of the retinal cellular function in the occluded territory.
Osmolarity of tears in eyes affected by recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis
Authors: MGARRECH M , SAUER A , KASWIN G , GENDRON G , DE MONCHY I , POGORZALEK N , BOURCIER T , LABETOULLE M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To assess the osmolarity of tears in eyes affected by recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis. Methods All the patients referred for a recurrent unilateral stromal keratitis infection by either Herpes simplex virus (VZV) or varicella‐zoster virus (VZV). All the patients have been finally tested for dry eye conditions when all clinical signs of ongoing keratitis had resolved. The osmolority was assessed using the TearLab® and then the corneal sensitivity was tested with the Cochet‐Bonnet esthesiometer (Luneau™). Values were compared using non‐parametric tests, and statistical significance was defined as p<0.05 (2‐tailed). Results Fifteen patients (mean age: 57 years +/‐ 11) were consecutively included in the study. The corneal sensitivity was strongly reduced in the affected side (9g/mm2 +/‐ 3.8) compared to the non‐affected side (0.55g/mm2 +/‐ 0.09, p=0.001). There was a trend (p=0.15) for a lower osmolarity in the affected eye (317.3 mosm/l +/‐ 6.2) compared to the non‐affected eye (321.2 mosm/l +/‐ 9.8), but the difference was not significant due to some affected eyes with high values of osmolarity. Indeed, we observed a relationship (p=0.1 for correlation test) between the loss of corneal sensitivity and the modification of tear osmolarity, with relative hypo‐osmolarity when corneal hyposesthesia was moderate and relative hyperosmolarity when corneal aesthesia was severly impaired. Conclusion This study suggests that recurrent stromal herpetic keratitis induces first an increase of tears production, as showed by hypo‐osmolarity with moderate relative hypoesthesia, and then a reduction of tears production when corneal sensitivity decreases below a threshold that remains to be more precisely defined.
Two cases of ocular sarcoidosis in which vitreous cytology was useful for supporting diagnosis
Authors: OGATA N , MATSUOKA M , ADACHI Y , NISHIMURA T 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To report two cases of uveitis who are lacking the systemic signs were confirmed to be ocular sarcoidosis by vitreous cytology. Methods Case 1 was a 56‐year‐old man who was referred with blurred vision, and was found to have iridocyclitis, vitreous opacities, and papilledema bilaterally. He received pulsed corticosteroid therapy, however, the vitreous opacities and papilledema were not resolved. The second case was a 77‐year‐old man referred with blurred vision, and both eyes had snowball‐like vitreous opacities and optic nerve papilledema. The ocular findings in both cases strongly suggested sarcoidosis, however the systemic findings did not meet the diagnostic criteria of sarcoidosis. We performed pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) to remove the vitreous opacities, and collected all of the diluted vitreous during PPV and submitted for cytological analyses. Results Epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells, cells pathognomonic of sarcoidosis, were found in the vitreous samples which allowed us to make a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Conclusion Vitreous cytology can help in making a diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis especially in cases of ocular inflammations suggesting sarcoidosis but systemic findings that do not satisfy the diagnostic criteria.
Role of fundus autofluorescence as a inflammatory diagnosis tool in serpiginous choroidopathy
Authors: PORTERO A , CARRENO E , HERRERAS JM , LOPEZ MI , GARCIA C , VALVERDE C , SALA A , VICENTE TIERNO N 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Serpiginous choroidopathy (SC) is a severe, progressive, bilateral inflammatory disease which produces a serious visual impairment.The most used tool to determine the activity status is fluorescence angiography (FA), but fundus autofluorescence (FAF) has been proposed as an alternative test. The aim of this study is to correlate the activity status disclosed in FA and FAF, and the variations of FAF images in the evolution of the disease. Methods Prospective consecutive case series. Patients with SC or serpiginous‐like lesions of the Ocular Immunology Unit of our hospital were included from July 2009 to July 2010. All patients underwent FAF (Spaide Autofluorescence Filters, Topcon TRC 50IX) and FA (Topcon TRC 50IX). The correlation between FAF and FA and the behaviour of the lesions according with FAF patterns was evaluated by two independent observers Results Nine patients with SC or serpiginous‐like lesions were included. Both eyes were involved in 7 cases. There was a positive correlation between FAF and FA, and also a positive correlation between observers. Attending to the behaviour of the lesions, 3 different patterns of FAF images in SC can be described: Active Inflammatory Status, Inactive Inflammatory Status and Transitional Status. Conclusion FAF may be used as an useful tool for following up patients with SC. It is possible to keep other invasive techniques, such as FA, for cases with suspicious activity disclosed in FAF.
The association between high‐sensitive c‐reactive protein and retinal hemodynamics in type 1 diabetes patients with non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: PEMP B , GARHOFER G , LASTA M , SCHMIDL D , SCHMETTERER L 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose There is evidence that low‐grade inflammatory processes play a role in the pathogenesis of microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus. In addition, various studies have shown that retinal vascular reactivity is reduced in diabetes, whereas retinal leukocyte velocity is increased. The aim of the present study was to investigate correlations between levels of the inflammation biomarker C‐reactive protein (CRP) and measures of retinal vascular function and perfusion in type 1 diabetes patients with non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Methods 25 type 1 diabetes patients with non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy were included in this cross‐sectional study. Blood samples were collected to measure glucose, HbA1C and blood cell count. Serum CRP was determined by high sensitivity enzyme immunoassay. The reaction of retinal vessel diameters to flickering light was measured using the Retinal Vessel Analyzer. Perifoveal leucocyte blood flow was assessed using the blue‐field entoptic technique. Results Elevated CRP was found in 12 patients. There was no correlation found between white blood cell velocity or flow and CRP. Flicker‐induced vasodilatation also showed no correlation with CRP levels. However, reactivity of retinal veins was negatively correlated to HbA1C (r = ‐0.4, p = 0.049). Conclusion The results indicate that in our sample of type 1 diabetes patients with diagnosed non‐proliferative retinopathy, serum levels of CRP, a biomarker for inflammation, are not associated with perifoveal leukocyte blood flow or with retinal vessel reactivity. Further investigations are necessary in larger patient groups and with additional inflammatory markers.