bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of the seegene seeplex RV15 and real‐time PCR for respiratory virus detection
Authors: Bibby David F. , McElarney Iain , Breuer Judith , Clark Duncan A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRespiratory virus infections contribute substantially both to hospitalizations of young children, and to morbidity in immunocompromised patients such as those with hematological malignancies. Their rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential to patient management. To evaluate the prospective utility of Seeplex® DPO technology in respiratory virus diagnosis, a panel of 99 respiratory samples positive by real‐time RT‐PCR for one or more viruses was assayed by the Seegene Seeplex® RV12 system. As well as being able to detect all 10 viruses in the real‐time RT‐PCR system with the exception of enteroviruses, RV12 can also distinguish between the two subgroups of RSV and detect two subgroups of coronaviruses. Seven of the nine viruses in common with the RT‐PCR were detected reliably by RV12. Eleven samples RT‐PCR‐positive for Metapneumovirus and five samples positive for influenza B were not detected by RV12. Seegene developed a second‐generation system, RV15, which not only allowed detection of three additional viruses, but also addressed the potential problems with RV12 specificity. To address these concerns, 84 respiratory samples positive for a range of viruses by real‐time PCR were assayed with RV15. The results of this evaluation improved significantly upon those seen with RV12. The high throughput capabilities and potential lower technical requirements afforded by the Seeplex® system may offer an alternative to real‐time RT‐PCR systems. J. Med. Virol. 83:1469–1475, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aboriginal Taiwanese hepatitis B carriers have more favorable viral factors than Han Chinese carriers
Authors: Nien Hsiao‐Ching , Sheu Jin‐Chuan , Kao Jia‐Horng , Chou Huei‐Chi , Su Chien‐Wen , Chen Chien‐Hung 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSeveral viral factors are associated with disease progression in hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers. Compared with Taiwanese Han Chinese, Taiwanese aborigines have a higher prevalence of chronic HBV infection and a higher standardized mortality rate of chronic liver diseases but a lower standardized mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate whether aboriginal Taiwanese HBV carriers have more favorable viral factors which reduce the risk for HCC than Han Chinese carriers. Blood samples from 3,488 HBV carriers (1,527 aborigines and 1,961 Han Chinese) were assayed for aminotransferases, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), HBV DNA, and HBV genotype. Aboriginal HBV carriers had a lower HBeAg‐positive rate (5.3% vs. 10.2%, P < 0.0001) and a lower viral load of HBV DNA > 2,000 IU/ml (27.4% vs. 36.7%, P < 0.0001) but a higher rate of alcohol consumption (40.0% vs. 19.3%, P < 0.0001) than Han Chinese carriers. The prevalence of HBV genotype B in aboriginal carriers (92.7%) was significantly higher than that in Han Chinese carriers (72.7%) in all age groups (P < 0.05). In addition, patients with rare genotype D infections were clustered in a township in southern Taiwan. In conclusion, aboriginal Taiwanese HBV carriers have more favorable viral factors than Han Chinese carriers, which may be partly responsible for the lower standardized mortality rate of HCC in Taiwanese aborigines. J. Med. Virol. 83:1326–1331, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Viral load of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in infected human tissues
Authors: Sirinonthanawech Naraporn , Uiprasertkul Mongkol , Suptawiwat Ornpreya , Auewarakul Prasert 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus is a virulent virus that causes an acute febrile respiratory disease with high mortality in humans. To gain a better insight of H5N1 viral distributions in infected human tissues, the levels of viral RNA were determined in the autopsy tissues from two patients who were infected with H5N1 virus by using real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. In one patient who died on day 6 of the illness, the viral load in the lung was extremely high, whereas the levels of viral RNA in the other organs were more than 6 log lower. In the other patient who died on day 17 of the illness, the viral load was similar in the lung and other organs, and was comparable to the viral load in the extra‐pulmonary tissues of the first patient. These results suggested that while the H5N1 virus can cause disseminated infection in humans, the lung is still the major site of viral replication, and viral replication in the lung in the later stages may decrease as a result of the depletion of the available target cells. In addition, the mRNA levels of the tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were found to be associated with the viral titers. J. Med. Virol. 83:1418–1423, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the PapilloCheck® assay with the digene HC2 HPV DNA assay for the detection of 13 high‐risk human papillomaviruses in cervical and anal scrapes
Authors: Didelot Marie‐Noelle , Boulle Nathalie , Damay Audrey , Costes Valérie , Segondy Michel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe PapilloCheck® assay was compared with the Digene HC2 HPV DNA assay for the detection of 13 high‐risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) in 240 samples, including 181 cervical scrapes and 59 anal scrapes. Overall, 75 (30.5%) samples were positive by the Digene HC2 HPV DNA assay: 34 (18.8%) cervical scrapes and 41 (69.5%) anal scrapes. By considering only the 13 high‐risk HPV types detected by the Digene HC2 HPV DNA assay, 66 (27.5%) samples were positive by the PapilloCheck® assay: 27 (14.9%) cervical scrapes and 39 (66.1%) anal scrapes. Concordant results between the two assays were obtained for 225 (93.8%) samples with a Kappa coefficient value of 0.85, indicating an excellent agreement. By considering all the HPV types detectable by the PapilloCheck® assay, the overall prevalence of HPV was 34.2% (82/240): 21.0% (38/181) in cervical scrapes and 74.6% (44/59) in anal scrapes. Among the samples positive by the PapilloCheck® assay, a multiple HPV infection (2–9 HPV types) was identified in 43 of 82 (52.4%) samples, including 7 of 38 (18.4%) cervical samples, and 36 of 44 (81.8%) anal samples. The prevalence of high‐risk HPV, as determined by the PapilloCheck® assay, was 17.6% (36/205) in samples with normal cytology, 83.9% (26/31) in samples with low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, and 100% (4/4) in samples with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The results obtained indicate that the PapilloCheck® assay may be considered as a reliable screening test for HPV detection and typing. J. Med. Virol. 83:1377–1382, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pituitary adenylyl cyclase‐activating peptide counteracts hedgehog‐dependent motor neuron production in mouse embryonic stem cell cultures
Authors: Hirose Megumi , Niewiadomski Pawel , Tse Gary , Chi Gloria C. , Dong Hongmei , Lee Alice , Carpenter Ellen M. , Waschek James A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPituitary adenylyl cyclase‐activating peptide (PACAP; ADCYAP1) is a neuropeptide that regulates a wide array of functions within the brain and periphery. We and others have previously demonstrated that PACAP and its high‐affinity receptor PAC1 are expressed in the embryonic mouse neural tube, suggesting that PACAP plays a role in early brain development. Moreover, we previously showed that PACAP antagonizes the mitotic action of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in postnatal cerebellar granule precursors. In the present study, we demonstrate that PACAP completely blocked Shh‐dependent motor neuron generation from embryonic stem cell cultures and reduced mRNA levels of the Shh target gene Gli‐1 and several ventral spinal cord patterning genes. In vivo examination of motor neuron and other patterning markers in embryonic day 12.5 spinal cords of wild‐type and PACAP‐deficient mice by immunofluorescence, on the other hand, revealed no obvious alterations in expressions of Islet1/2, MNR2, Lim1/2, Nkx2.2, or Shh, although the Pax6‐positive area was slightly expanded in PACAP‐deficient spinal cord. Caspase‐3 staining revealed low, and similar, numbers of cells undergoing apoptosis in embryonic wild‐type vs. PACAP‐deficient spinal cords, whereas a slight but significant increase in number of mitotic cells was observed in PACAP‐deficient mice. Thus, although PACAP has a strong capacity to counteract Shh signaling and motor neuron production in vitro, corresponding patterning defects associated with PACAP loss may be obscured by compensatory mechanisms. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of NTera2/D1 cells as a model system for the investigation of cannabinoid function in human neurons and astrocytes
Authors: Goodfellow Catherine E. , Graham Scott E. , Dragunow Mike , Glass Michelle 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe limited availability and potential to culture primary human brain cells means that there is still a need for cell lines that reliably model human neurons and glial cells. The human‐derived NTera2/D1 (NT2) cell line is a promising tool from which both neuronal (NT2N) and astrocytic (NT2A) cells can be derived in vitro. Here we have investigated the potential to use this cell model to investigate the endocannabinoid system in the CNS. Through immunocytochemical characterization with a range of neuronal and glial markers, we found that these cell lines differentiate into cells with immature neuronal and astrocytic phenotypes, respectively. By real‐time PCR, immunocytochemistry, and functional inhibition of cAMP accumulation, the cannabinoid 1 receptors were identified only on NT2N cells, consistent with high levels of expression of this receptor in neuronal cells of the CNS. No evidence of cannabinoid 2 receptor expression was found on any of the NT2 cell types. Both the precursors and the differentiated NT2N and NT2A cells demonstrated mRNA expression for the key enzymes involved in endocannabinoid synthesis and degradation. This work establishes a cannabinergic phenotype in NT2N and NT2A cells, providing an alternative human derived renewable cell model for investigation of cannabinoid receptor function and endocannabinoid synthesis and metabolism in the CNS. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactions of environmental conditions and mechanical loads have influence on matrix turnover by nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Neidlinger‐Wilke Cornelia , Mietsch Antje , Rinkler Christina , Wilke Hans‐Joachim , Ignatius Anita , Urban Jill 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDisc degeneration is associated with several changes in the physicochemical environment of intervertebral disc cells. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in the center of degenerated discs are exposed to decreased glucose supply, osmolarity, pH, and oxygen levels. To understand the complexity of these interactions on a cellular level, we designed standardized experiments in which we compared responses to these environmental factors under normal levels with those seen under two different degrees of disc degeneration. We hypothesized that these changes in environmental stimuli influence gene expression of matrix proteins and matrix degrading enzymes and alter their responses to cyclic hydrostatic pressure (HP). Our results suggest that a simulation of degenerative conditions influences the degradation of disc matrix through impairing matrix formation and accelerating matrix resorption via up‐ or down‐regulation of the respective target genes. The greatest effects were seen for decreases in glucose concentration and pH. Low oxygen had little influence. HP had little direct effect but appeared to counteract matrix degradation by reducing or inverting some of the adverse effects of other stimuli. For ongoing in vitro studies, interactions between mechanical stimuli and factors in the physicochemical environment should not be ignored as these could markedly influence results. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:112–121, 2012
Targeting of sebaceous glands by δ‐aminolevulinic acid‐based photodynamic therapy: An in vivo study
Authors: Kosaka Sachiko , Miyoshi Norio , Akilov Oleg E. , Hasan Tayyaba , Kawana Seiji 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWide application of ALA‐PDT for acne is limited due to relative strong side effects, such as pain and erythema. The objective of this study was to establish a protocol for ALA‐PDT that would provide specific destruction of sebaceous glands at the lowest concentrations and shortest contact times of ALA.Materials and MethodsThe rhino (hrrhhrrh) murine model, an experimental acne model, was used in this study. A freshly prepared hydrophilic ALA hydrochloride ointment (2.5%, 5%, and 20%) was applied to the backs of 16‐week‐old male rhino mice. The fluorescence intensity (FI) of ALA‐induced protoporphyrin IX (ALA‐PpIX) on the skin was measured by spectrofluorometry. Skin samples were taken at 1, 2, and 4 hours after ALA application to determine the tissue distribution of ALA‐PpIX by fluorescence microscopy. Light irradiation was also performed with a broadband light source (600–1100 nm, 15 J/cm2, 60 mW/cm2) with subsequent histological examination 1 day after treatment.ResultsProminent increases of ALA‐PpIX were observed 1 hour after application of 5% and 20% ALA, while no increase was observed with 2.5% ALA until 2 hours. A direct correlation was found between ALA concentration and ALA‐PpIX FI. While no fluorescence was detected 1 hour after application of 2.5% or 5% ALA, 20% ALA produced a strong fluorescence in the epidermis, utricle walls, and sebaceous glands. Histological evaluation showed no damage to skin treated with 2.5% ALA‐PDT incubated for 1 hour. Damage was still focused within the sebaceous glands with longer incubation times. Increased ALA concentrations resulted in more prominent damage to the epidermis and sebaceous glands, with deeper damage to the dermis when longer incubation times were used.ConclusionFocused damage of sebaceous glands can be achieved with ALA‐PDT when low concentrations of ALA (2.5–5.0%) and short incubation times (to 2 hours) were used. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:376–381, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A diagnostic system for articular cartilage using non‐destructive pulsed laser irradiation
Authors: Sato Masato , Ishihara Miya , Kikuchi Makoto , Mochida Joji 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOsteoarthritis involves dysfunction caused by cartilage degeneration, but objective evaluation methodologies based on the original function of the articular cartilage remain unavailable. Evaluations for osteoarthritis are mostly based simply on patient symptoms or the degree of joint space narrowing on X‐ray images. Accurate measurement and quantitative evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of the cartilage is important, and the tissue properties of the original articular cartilage must be clarified to understand the pathological condition in detail and to correctly judge the efficacy of treatment. We have developed new methods to measure some essential properties of cartilage: a photoacoustic measurement method; and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.Materials and MethodsA nanosecond‐pulsed laser, which is completely non‐destructive, is focused onto the target cartilage and induces a photoacoustic wave that will propagate with attenuation and is affected by the viscoelasticity of the surrounding cartilage. We also investigated whether pulsed laser irradiation and the measurement of excited autofluorescence allow real‐time, non‐invasive evaluation of tissue characteristics.ResultsThe decay time, during which the amplitude of the photoacoustic wave is reduced by a factor of 1/e, represents the key numerical value used to characterize and evaluate the viscoelasticity and rheological behavior of the cartilage. Our findings show that time‐resolved laser‐induced autofluorescence spectroscopy (TR‐LIFS) is useful for evaluating tissue‐engineered cartilage.ConclusionsPhotoacoustic measurement and TR‐LIFS, predicated on the interactions between optics and living organs, is a suitable methodology for diagnosis during arthroscopy, allowing quantitative and multidirectional evaluation of the original function of the cartilage based on a variety of parameters. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:421–432, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxazoline‐Based Antimicrobial Oligomers: Synthesis by CROP Using Supercritical CO2
Authors: Correia Vanessa G. , Bonifácio Vasco D.B. , Raje Vivek P. , Casimiro Teresa , Moutinho Guilhermina , da Silva Cláudia Lobato , Pinho Mariana G. , Aguiar‐Ricardo Ana 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA method using supercritical CO2 to obtain biocompatible 2‐oxazoline‐based oligomers quaternized with different amines is described. The synthesized oligo(2‐oxazoline)s display partial carbamic‐acid insertion at one end. The syntheses of quaternary oligo(2‐bisoxazoline)s and linear oligoethylenimine hydrochlorides are reported. Oligo(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) and oligo(2‐bisoxazoline) quaternized with N,N‐dimethyldodecylamine are the most efficient biocidal agents showing fast killing rates against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Linear oligoethylenimine hydrochloride shows the lowest MIC values but higher killing times against both bacteria. Based on the antimicrobial activity studies, a cooperative action of carbamic acid with the ammonium end group is proposed.
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Random Copolymers with Pendant Cationic Mixed‐Ligand Terpyridine‐Based Iridium (III) Complexes: Synthesis and Application in Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Dumur Frédéric , Guillaneuf Yohann , Guerlin Audrey , Wantz Guillaume , Bertin Denis , Miomandre Fabien , Clavier Gilles , Gigmes Didier , Mayer Cédric R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of two random copolymers bearing pendant mixed‐ligand orthometallated terpyridine‐based cationic iridium (III) complexes, as well as their uses as single‐layered electrophosphorescent emitters in polymer light‐emitting diodes is described. Both solution‐processable iridium metallopolymers are prepared by copolymerization of styrene with a complex‐substituted styrene by nitroxide mediated polymerization. Results on devices based on metallopolymers used as dopant of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) or alone as single layers are presented. magnified image
Functional imaging of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Boertien Tessel , Zrinzo Ludvic , Kahan Joshua , Jahanshahi Marjan , Hariz Marwan , Mancini Laura , Limousin Patricia , Foltynie Thomas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDeep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an accepted treatment for the motor complications of Parkinson's disease. The therapeutic mechanism of action remains incompletely understood. Although the results of deep brain stimulation are similar to the results that can be obtained by lesional surgery, accumulating evidence from functional imaging and clinical neurophysiology suggests that the effects of subthalamic nucleus‐deep brain stimulation are not simply the result of inhibition of subthalamic nucleus activity. Positron emission tomography/single‐photon emission computed tomography has consistently demonstrated changes in cortical activation in response to subthalamic nucleus‐deep brain stimulation. However, the technique has limited spatial and temporal resolution, and therefore the changes in activity of subcortical projection sites of the subthalamic nucleus (such as the globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and thalamus) are not as clear. Clarifying whether clinically relevant effects from subthalamic nucleus‐deep brain stimulation in humans are mediated through inhibition or excitation of orthodromic or antidromic pathways (or both) would contribute to our understanding of the precise mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation and may allow improvements in safety and efficacy of the technique. In this review we discuss the published evidence from functional imaging studies of patients with subthalamic nucleus‐deep brain stimulation to date, together with how these data inform the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Drug‐induced parkinsonism: A review of 17 years' experience in a regional pharmacovigilance center in France
Authors: Bondon‐Guitton Emmanuelle , Perez‐Lloret Santiago , Bagheri Haleh , Brefel Christine , Rascol Olivier , Montastruc Jean‐Louis 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBesides antipsychotics, several drugs can induce parkinsonism. We review spontaneous notifications of drug‐induced or ‐worsened parkinsonism to a French regional pharmacovigilance center between 1993 and 2009. During these 17 years, 20,855 adverse drug reactions have been reported, including 155 (0.7%) cases of drug‐induced or ‐worsened parkinsonism. Most of the notifications have involved aged patients (48% between 60 and 79 years) and females (60%). “Seriousness” was found in 43.9% of cases. Worsening of parkinsonism occurred in 28 patients suffering from idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Sixty‐nine percent of drug‐induced or ‐worsened parkinsonism cases were observed during the first 3 months after introduction of the “suspect” drug (involving mainly central dopaminergic antagonists). A second peak (20%) was found 12 months after drug introduction (mainly caused by calcium channel blockers). The most frequently reported parkinsonian symptom was rigidity (78.7%). The three cardinal symptoms were found in 37.4% of notifications. Evolution was favorable (after partial or complete withdrawal of suspect drug[s]) in 88.7% of cases. Among the 261 suspect drugs, most involved central dopaminergic antagonists (49%), followed by antidepressants (8%), calcium channel blockers (5%), peripheral dopaminergic antagonists (5%), and H1 antihistamines (5%). Cases with lithium, valproic acid, amiodarone, anticholinesterases, or trimetazidine were also found. Three notifications were the result of pharmacokinetic interactions. We found that drug‐induced or ‐worsened parkinsonism is an often “serious,” but reversible, adverse drug reaction. It occurred more frequently between 60 and 79 years. Rigidity was the most frequently reported symptom. Approximately 50% of drug‐induced or ‐worsened parkinsonism cases spontaneously reported were related to drugs other than antipsychotics. Drug‐induced or ‐worsened parkinsonism can also be explained by pharmacokinetic drug interactions. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Improved method for quantification of regional cardiac function in mice using phase‐contrast MRI
Authors: Dall'Armellina Erica , Jung Bernd A. , Lygate Craig A. , Neubauer Stefan , Markl Michael , Schneider Jürgen E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPhase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging is a technique that allows for characterization of regional cardiac function and for measuring transmural myocardial velocities in human hearts with high temporal and spatial resolution. The application of this technique (also known as tissue phase mapping) to murine hearts has been very limited so far. The aim of our study was to implement and to optimize tissue phase mapping for a comprehensive assessment of murine transmural wall motion. Baseline values for regional motion patterns in mouse hearts, based on the clinically used American Heart Association's 17‐segment model, were established, and a detailed motion analysis of mouse heart for the entire cardiac cycle (including epicardial and endocardial motion patterns) is provided. Black‐blood contrast was found to be essential to obtain reproducible velocity encoding. Tissue phase mapping of the mouse heart permits the detailed assessment of regional myocardial velocities. While a proof‐of‐principle application in a murine ischemia–reperfusion model was performed, future studies are warranted to assess its potential for the investigation of systolic and diastolic functions in genetically and surgically manipulated mouse models of human heart disease. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.