bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasted breeding strategies in four sympatric sibling insect species: when a proovigenic and capital breeder copes with a stochastic environment
Authors: Pélisson Pierre‐François , Bel‐Venner Marie‐Claude , Rey Benjamin , Burgevin Lorraine , Martineau François , Fourel François , Lecuyer Christophe , Menu Frédéric , Venner Samuel 
Published: October 2011

Summary1. The evolution of strategies of resource acquisition and allocation is often considered to be closely dependent on the degree of environmental variability. Within this framework, female insects that experience stochastic fluctuations in the availability of their egg‐laying sites in time or space can be expected to be fully synovigenic (i.e. they start maturing eggs after a delay once reaching adulthood), which allows them to tailor their reproductive investment to variations in the resource. Proovigenic females (that have most of their eggs already mature at the onset of their adult life, which corresponds to a capital breeding strategy), on the contrary, should have an advantage when the availability of the egg‐laying sites is predictable. There is, however, a dearth of empirical studies testing these predictions.2. Here, we tested the hypothesis that four phytophagous insect species of the genus Curculio, which coexist on a strongly fluctuating resource that they exploit for egg‐laying purposes, would all be synovigenic as strict proovigeny should be counterselected. The resource consisted of the acorns of oak trees Quercus spp. We conducted field surveys to determine the date of adult emergence in each weevil species and the ability of newly emerged females to produce eggs. We also analysed the stable isotope profile of wild‐caught females as a proxy for their feeding activity. Finally, we tested females under laboratory conditions for their ability to produce mature eggs when not fed and investigated whether dietary intake influenced their longevity.3. Taken together, our results show that, contrary to the usual predictions, the four weevil species that were all exposed to a markedly fluctuating environment exhibited sharply contrasting strategies of resource acquisition and allocation: three species were synovigenic, while the fourth was proovigenic. Unexpectedly, therefore, our findings show that a strict capital breeding species might not always be counterselected in a temporally stochastic environment. They further suggest that fluctuations in the environment should not promote a sole, optimal strategy of energy acquisition and allocation to reproduction but instead should favour their diversification.
Survival and population size of a resident bird species are declining as temperature increases
Authors: Santisteban Leonard , Benkman Craig W. , Fetz Trevor , Smith Julie W. 
Published: October 2011

Summary1. A large number of migratory bird species appear to be declining as the result of climate change, but whether resident bird species have or will be adversely affected by climate change is less clear. We focus on the South Hills crossbill (Loxia curvirostracomplex), which is endemic to about 70 km2of Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta latifolia) forest in southern Idaho, USA.2. Our results indicate that the South Hills crossbill has declined by over 60% between 2003 and 2008, and that decreasing adult survival drives this population decline.3. We evaluated the relative support for multiple hypotheses linking crossbill survival to climate, an ectoparasitic mite (scaly‐leg mitesKnemidokoptes jamaicensis), and the recent emergence of West Nile virus. Changes in adult apparent survival rate were closely associated with average spring and annual temperatures, and with high temperatures (≥32 °C) during summer, which have increased during the last decade. In contrast, there was little evidence that scaly‐leg mites or West Nile virus contributed to recent declines in adult survival.4. The most probable mechanism causing the decline in adult survival and population size is a decrease in the availability of their primary food resource, seeds in serotinous pine cones. Cone production has declined with increasing annual temperatures, and these cones appear to be prematurely opening owing to increasingly hot summer conditions releasing their seeds and reducing the carrying capacity for crossbills later in the year.5. In light of regional climate change forecasts, which include an increase in both annual temperature and hot days (>32 °C), and the likely disappearance of lodgepole pine from southern Idaho by the end of this century, additional research is needed to determine how to maintain lodgepole pine forests and their supply of seeds to conserve one of the few bird species endemic to the continental United States.
Molecular and morphological support for a Florida origin of the Cuban oak
Authors: Gugger Paul F. , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim  The origins of the Cuban biota are of long‐standing interest in biogeography, and the source of a small live oak (Quercus series Virentes) population on Cuba remains unresolved. Based on morphological evidence, previous authors have hypothesized a Florida origin from either Q. geminata or Q. virginiana or both; a Mexican origin from Q. oleoides; or a hybrid origin from both sources. We use molecular data and taxonomically informative leaf morphology to identify the source species and timing of colonization.Location  Cuba, Central America, Mexico and the south‐eastern United States.Methods We collected representative samples of Cuban oaks and each putative source species and genotyped each sample at 12 nuclear microsatellites and two chloroplast DNA sequences. We estimated population structure using a Bayesian clustering analysis and F‐statistics, pairwise migration rates among taxa, and divergence time using an isolation‐with‐migration model. We measured seven leaf traits and conducted an analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) to determine which putative source species was most similar to Cuban oaks.Results  Cuban oak contains one chloroplast DNA haplotype, which is common in southern Florida. Bayesian clustering analysis of microsatellites revealed that the Cuban oak forms a distinct and pure population cluster, and F‐statistics showed that Cuban oaks are differentiated least from Q. virginiana and most from Q. geminata. Migration rates were highest out of Cuba to Q. oleoides. Molecular diversity, the ratio of allelic richness to allele size range, and effective population size of the Cuban oak were relatively low, suggesting a founder effect. Divergence time estimates fell entirely within the Pleistocene (628–6 ka), considering a range of mutation rates and generation times. Cuban oaks were morphologically most similar to Q. virginiana and least similar to Q. geminata.Main conclusions  Molecular and morphological data support a Pleistocene dispersal of Q. virginiana from Florida to Cuba, followed by isolation and divergence, then limited dispersal and introgression from Cuba to Q. oleoides in Central America. Birds could have dispersed acorns to Cuba during a glacial period when sea levels were low. These results highlight the varied origin of the Cuban biota and the possible role of Pleistocene glaciations in the establishment of temperate taxa in the tropics.
Plasma zinc concentrations during the first 2 years after diagnosis of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus: a prospective study
Authors: MELCHIOR T. , SIMONSEN K. WIESE , JOHANNESSEN A. C. , BINDER C. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Melchior T, Wiese Simonsen K, Johannessen AC, Binder C (Steno Memorial Hospital, Gentofte and Department of Chemistry AD, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy. Copenhagen. Denmark). Plasma zinc concentrations during the first 2 years after diagnosis of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus: a prospective study.Studies of zinc status in insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have shown contradictory results. Zinc is essential for many enzymes involved in the human metabolism and may play a role in the biosynthesis and storage of insulin in the B‐cell. We therefore prospectively followed 26 patients (14 males and 12 females) with newly diagnosed IDDM in order to determine the plasma zinc variation at the time of diagnosis and after 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Seventy‐two healthy persons (36 males and 36 females) served as controls.Only minor differences in plasma zinc were demonstrated during the first 2 years of IDDM. A sex difference was found in healthy controls but only after 24 months in the diabetics.Quantitative changes of the B‐cell function, development of insulin antibodies, age. body weight and serum albumin did not correlate with the course of plasma zinc.
Factors influencing progression in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: STENVINKEL P. , ALVESTRAND A. , BERGSTRÖM J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Stenvinkel P, Alvestrand A, Bergström J (Department of Renal Medicine. Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden). Factors influencing progression in patients with chronic renal failure.To identify factors influencing the progression rate of chronic renal failure (CRF) in non‐diabetics, the medical records of 124 patients with established CRF were reviewed retrospectively (serum creatinine between 200–350 μmol l−1 at the start of follow‐up) for the period 1980–86. Sixteen patients were excluded because they did not fulfil the inclusion criteria. The remaining 108 patients were divided, using their original diagnosis, into four groups and were also assigned into one of three groups expressing their rate of progression. The definitions of these rates of progression were chosen arbitrarily. Comparisons with respect to mean arterial pressure (MAP), urinary protein excretion (UPE) and the progression rate of CRF were then made between the groups. In the group showing no progression of CRF (n = 17) there was a significantly lower MAP and UPE than in the two groups showing progression. Over all the patients and in the various diagnosis groups there was a strong correlation between UPE and the progression rate of CRF. There was no significant correlation between MAP and the progression rate of CRF in the diagnosis groups. These results indicate that an increasing magnitude of proteinuria is an adverse prognostic factor in CRF, irrespective of aetiology, and support the view that excessive glomerular protein filtration leads to glomerulosclerosis.
Sulphur amino acids in plasma and muscle in patients with chronic renal failure: evidence for taurine depletion
Authors: BERGSTRÖM J. , ALVESTRAND A. , FÜRST P. , LINDHOLM B. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Bergström J. Alvestrand A. Fürst P. Lindholm B (Department of Renal Medicine and the Research Center. Karolinska Institute and Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Sulphur amino acids in plasma and muscle in patients with chronic renal failure: evidence for taurine depletion.The sulphur amino acids methionine, cysteine (1/2‐cystine) and taurine were determined by ion‐exchange chromatography in plasma and muscle biopsy material obtained from 46 patients with chronic renal failure. Twelve patients were untreated, eight patients were treated with a low protein diet supplemented with essential amino acids. 11 patients treated with maintenance haemodialysis and 15 patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Patient data were compared to data obtained from 18 healthy subjects. Plasma cysteine was elevated in the untreated patients, in the patients treated with low protein diet and in the maintenance haemodialysis patients. Muscle methionine was significantly elevated in the CAPD patients. Plasma taurine was decreased in the untreated patients and in the CAPD patients and muscle taurine was borderline low in the untreated patients and significantly decreased in the other patient groups. The results show that taurine depletion may occur in patients with chronic uraemia despite normal or elevated concentrations of precursor sulphur amino acids, suggesting inhibited synthesis or enhanced degradation of taurine in the uraemic state.
Effects of acute myocardial infarction on the displacement of the atrioventricular plane: an echocardiographic study
Authors: HÖGLUND C. , ALAM M. , THORSTRAND C. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Höglund C, Alam M, Thorstrand C (Section of Cardiology. Department of Medicine I, Karolinska Institute at Södersjukhuset (South Hospital), Stockholm, Sweden). Effects of acute myocardial infarction on the displacement of the atrioventricular plane: an echocardiographic study.The effects of acute myocardial infarction (MI) on the displacement of the left ventricular (LV) atrioventricular (AV) plane is presented. The material consisted of 40 patients with first‐time Q‐wave MI (26 pts with ant. MI and 14 with post. MI). Nineteen age‐matched healthy subjects were used as controls.The displacement of the AV plane was determined at four sites corresponding to anterior (AV‐A), septal (AV‐S), posterior (AV‐P) and lateral (AV‐L) parts of the LV wall. In anterior and posterior MI all the sites showed significantly reduced AV‐plane displacement compared to healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Moreover, within the anterior MI group the AV‐A and AV‐S displacements were significantly reduced compared to the points AV‐L and AV‐P (P < 0.001) and the AV‐L displacement was reduced compared to AV‐P (P < 0.001). In posterior MI the displacement at AV‐P was reduced compared to other points (P < 0.001) and, to a certain extent, AV‐S was reduced compared to the points AV‐A and AV‐L (P < 0.001).The reduced magnitude of the AV plane displacement seems to be an expression of regionally reduced systolic function. The method described may provide a simple means of defining regional wall motion abnormalities of the LV following MI.
Dyspnoea in chronic primary fibromyalgia
Authors: CAIDAHL K. , LURIE M. , BAKE B. , JOHANSSON G. , WETTERQVIST H. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Caidahl K, Lurie M, Bake B, Johansson G, Wetterqvist H, (Departments of Clinical Physiology and Medical Rehabilitation, Sahlgren's University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden). Dyspnoea in chronic primary fibromyalgia.We investigated the prevalence of dyspnoea, according to a 5‐grade score proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), among 87 consecutive women (age 44.0 ± 8.4, range 26–65 years), with severe chronic primary fibromyalgia (CPF). In total 73 women (84%) were dyspnoeic, 47, 17, six and four patients reported dyspnoea corresponding to WHO grades 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. In multivariate analysis WHO dyspnoea grade was the most important determinator of exercise capacity. The higher WHO dyspnoea grade reported, the lower exercise capacity and heart rate were reached at graded bicycle exercise tests (r = −0.48, P < 0.001 and r = −0.40, P < 0.001). WHO dyspnoea grade correlated directly to breathing frequency at rest (r = 0.45, P < 0.001) and inversely to maximum inspiratory pressure (r = −0.29, P < 0.01). It did not correlate with maximum expiratory pressure, nor with spirometric measurements of pulmonary function.It is concluded that dyspnoea is common among CPF patients and is not explained by cardiac or pulmonary causes, but may partly be due to diaphragmatic muscular insufficiency and physical inactivity.
Early determination of serum lipids and apolipoproteins in acute myocardial infarction: possibility for immediate intervention
Authors: AHNVE S. , ANGELIN B. , EDHAG O. , BERGLUND L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Ahnve S, Angelin B, Edhag O, Berglund L (Division of Cardiology and Metabolism Unit. Department of Medicine, and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Early determination of serum lipids and apolipoproteins in acute myocardial infarction: possibility for immediate intervention.Early identification of elevated cholesterol in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) is of interest as secondary prevention can then be initiated when patients are highly motivated. However, since the lipid pattern changes during acute MI, screening for lipid disturbances is often not performed until 6 months later. We prospectively studied lipid and apolipoprotein levels during acute MI and 3 and 6 months later in 123 consecutive acute MI patients, mean age 64 ± 10 (SD) years, who were admitted within 24 h from onset of symptoms, mean delay 5.5 h. Blood was taken at admission to the Coronary Care Unit (CCU), the first morning in the CCU, at hospital discharge and at 3 and 6 months follow‐up. Patients were fasted overnight except at admission, and no specific dietary advice was given. Total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein (apo) A‐I concentrations did not differ significantly (1–3%) between CCU admission and the 3 and 6 months control. During the subsequent hospital period, lipid concentrations generally decreased and at discharge were 15–25% below those at 6 months follow‐up (P < 0.001). The highest correlations between immediate CCU determination and 6 months follow‐up were obtained for cholesterol (r = +0.71) and apo B (r = +0.67).Thus, lipid levels obtained early at CCU admission in acute MI patients are representative of the patient's baseline levels which are in contrast to those registered later during hospital stay. This information could be used to identify patients for early intervention.
Beneficial effects of erythropoietin on haematological parameters, aerobic capacity, and body fluid composition in patients on haemodialysis
Authors: ROSENLÖF K. , GRÖNHAGEN‐RISKA C. , SOVIJÄRVI A. , HONKANEN E. , TIKKANEN I. , EKSTRAND A. , PIIRILÄ P. , FYHRQUIST F. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Rosenlöf K, Grönhagen‐Riska C, Sovijärvi A, Honkanen E, Tikkanen I, Ekstrand A, Piirilä P, Fyhrquist F (IV Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Pulmonary Medicine. Helsinki University Central Hospital. Finland). Beneficial effects of erythropoietin on haematological parameters, aerobic capacity and body fluid composition in patients on haemodialysis.Eleven patients on haemodialysis were treated with erythropoietin (EPO). 50–200 U kg−1 once to three times a week, for up to 1 year. After outset of EPO all patients became transfusion‐independent. Four patients did not reach the target haemoglobin (Hb) level 100 gl−1 in 5 months. These patients had higher serum concentrations of aluminium (225 ± 87 μgl−1, mean ± SD) than the responding patients (55 ± 56 μgl−1). Addition of desferrioxamine to treatment with EPO resulted in a rapid rise in Hb values in these patients. Thus, aluminium may inhibit EPO responsiveness. All patients were iron overloaded. Serum ferritin levels declined in all but one patient with secondary haemochromatosis. In exercise tests the aerobic capacity and oxygen uptake increased during EPO therapy. Peak oxygen consumption (Vo2 peak), oxygen pulse, oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (AT) and total work output (W max) increased 19%, 36%, 26% and 24%, respectively. Lean body mass (LBM) increased by 8%. Taken together, all clinical EPO effects measured appeared clinically favourable.
Functional status and personality in patients on chronic dialysis
Authors: BJÖRVELL H. , HYLANDER B. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Björvell B, Hylander B (Department of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, S‐104 01 Stockholm, Sweden). Functional status and personality in patients on chronic dialysis.This study describes the functional status of 53 dialysis patients: The Sickness Impact Profile test (SIP), the Kamofsky Activity Scale and Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) are used.Our results showed that the dialysis patients had a higher (P < 0.001) total SIP score when compared to normal controls. Thus, the patients had a worse functional status than the controls.The results of the Kamofsky Activity Scale, estimated by a nurse, were in accordance with the results of the SIP score.The KSP‐test showed that both men and women had significantly lower scores in the aggression scale than a control group.We conclude that the dialysis situation has a major influence on the quality of life of dialysis patients. Great attention should be paid to the development of supporting programmes for this patient group.
Iron deficiency: definition and diagnosis
Authors: COOK J. D. , SKIKNE B. S. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Cook JD, Skikne BS (Division of Hematology. Department of Medicine. Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA). Iron deficiency: definition and diagnosis.There has been a continuous refinement over the past several decades of methods to detect iron deficiency and assess its magnitude. The optimal combination of measurements differs for clinical and epidemiological assessment. Clinically, the major problem is to distinguish true iron deficiency from other causes of iron‐deficient erythropoiesis, such as the anaemia of chronic disease. Epidemiologically, techniques that provide quantified estimates of body iron are preferable. For both purposes, the serum ferritin is the focal point of the laboratory detection of iron deficiency. Serum ferritin measurements provide a reliable index of body iron stores in healthy individuals, a cost‐effective method of screening for iron deficiency, and a useful alternative to bone marrow examinations in the evaluation of anaemic patients. Preliminary studies indicate that measurement of the serum transferrin receptor may be the most reliable way to assess deficits in tissue iron supply.
Twenty‐four hour variation of transferrin saturation in treated and untreated haemochromatosis homozygotes
Authors: EDWARDS C. Q. , GRIFFEN L. M. , KAPLAN J. , KUSHNER J. P. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Edwards CQ, Griffen LM, Kaplan J, Kushner JP. (Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, University of Utah College of Medicine, and LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA). Twenty‐four hour variation of transferrin saturation in treated and untreated haemochromatosis homozygotes.We studied 43 haemochromatosis homozygotes and seven normal individuals to test the hypothesis that there is an almost continuous relative deficiency of apotransferrin in treated and untreated homozygotes. Transferrin saturation was measured at 2‐h intervals for 24 h while all subjects ate their usual diet. Subjects with haemochromatosis were separated into four groups based on sex and whether or not they had been iron‐depleted. Nineteen treated and 11 untreated male homozygotes had mean transferrin saturation values of 70 and 81%, respectively. Five treated and eight untreated female homozygotes had mean transferrin saturation values of 71 and 69%. Normal subjects had mean transferrin saturation values of 29% (3 males) and 21% (4 females). These data demonstrate continuously high transferrin saturation values, greater than 69% in most treated and untreated male and female homozygotes, resulting in hepatic iron accumulation of non‐transferrin‐bound iron from the portal circulation.