bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the broad‐spectrum potential of nitric oxide for antibacterial activity against clinically isolated drug‐resistant bacteria
Authors: Estes Bright Lori M. , Chug Manjyot Kaur , Thompson Stephen , Brooks Megan , Brisbois Elizabeth J. , Handa Hitesh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of drug‐resistant microorganisms is taking a heavy toll on the biomedical world. Clinical infections are costly and becoming increasingly dangerous as bacteria that once responded to standard antibiotic treatment are developing resistance mechanisms that require innovative treatment strategies. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule produced endogenously that has shown potent antibacterial capabilities in numerous research studies. Its multimechanistic antibacterial methods prevent the development of resistance and have shown potential as an alternative to antibiotics. However, there has yet to be a direct comparison study evaluating the antibacterial properties of NO against antibiotic susceptible and antibiotic‐resistant clinically isolated bacterial strains. Herein, standardized lab and clinically isolated drug‐resistant bacterial strains are compared side‐by‐side for growth and viability following treatment with NO released from S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an NO donor molecule. Evaluation of growth kinetics revealed complete killing of E. coli lab and clinical strains at 17.5 mM GSNO, though 15 mM displayed >50% killing and significantly reduced metabolic activity, with greater dose dependence for membrane permeability. Clinical P. aeruginosa showed greater susceptibility to GSNO during growth curve studies, but metabolic activity and membrane permeability demonstrated similar effects for 12.5 mM GSNO treatment of lab and clinical strains. MRSA lab and clinical strains exhibited total killing at 17.5 mM treatment, though metabolic activity was decreased, and membrane permeation began at 12.5 mM for both strains. Lastly, both S. epidermidis strains were killed by 15 mM GSNO, with sensitivities in metabolic activity and membrane permeability at 12.5 mM GSNO. The mirrored antibacterial effects seen by the lab and clinical strains of two Gram‐negative and two Gram‐positive bacteria reveal the translational success of NO as an antibacterial therapy and potential alternative to standard antibiotic treatment.
Prostaglandin F2 Receptor Negative Regulator (PTGFRN) Expression Correlates With a Metastatic‐like Phenotype in Epidermoid Carcinoma, Pediatric Medulloblastoma, and Mesothelioma
Authors: Marquez Jorge , Dong Jianping , Hayashi Jun , Serrero Ginette 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTProstaglandin F2 receptor negative regulator (PTGFRN) is a transmembrane protein associated with metastatic characteristics of certain cancer types. However, it remains poorly characterized and its direct function in cancer remains unclear. The study presented here aims to further examine whether PTGFRN expression affects a cancer cell's phenotype, as well as metastatic‐like characteristics. We used stable shRNA and cDNA transfections to respectively knockdown and overexpress PTGFRN in three different cancer cell lines, two of which are representative of rare and aggressive cancers (Mesothelioma and Pediatric Medulloblastoma). We then examined the characteristics of the resulting clones and showed a decrease in proliferation, migration, colony formation, and spheroid growth capabilities in cells where PTGFRN expression had been inhibited, while cells overexpressing PTGFRN showed the opposite. In addition, we showed that PTGFRN displayed direct binding to two protein partners, Integrin β1 and E. Cadherin, the latter of which is a novel direct binding partner to PTGFRN. Furthermore, silencing PTGFRN expression impacted the cellular process of autophagy, thereby providing another avenue by which PTGFRN potentially contributes to a cancer cell phenotype. Our findings demonstrate the potential role of PTGFRN in cancer metastasis and suggest PTGFRN as a future target for drug development in the treatment of metastatic cancers.
Predicting redox potentials by graph‐based machine learning methods
Authors: Jia Linlin , Brémond Éric , Zaida Larissa , Gaüzère Benoit , Tognetti Vincent , Joubert Laurent 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe evaluation of oxidation and reduction potentials is a pivotal task in various chemical fields. However, their accurate prediction by theoretical computations, which is a complementary task and sometimes the only alternative to experimental measurement, may be often resource‐intensive and time‐consuming. This paper addresses this challenge through the application of machine learning techniques, with a particular focus on graph‐based methods (such as graph edit distances, graph kernels, and graph neural networks) that are reviewed to enlighten their deep links with theoretical chemistry. To this aim, we establish the ORedOx159 database, a comprehensive, homogeneous (with reference values stemming from density functional theory calculations), and reliable resource containing 318 one‐electron reduction and oxidation reactions and featuring 159 large organic compounds. Subsequently, we provide an instructive overview of the good practice in machine learning and of commonly utilized machine learning models. We then assess their predictive performances on the ORedOx159 dataset through extensive analyses. Our simulations using descriptors that are computed in an almost instantaneous way result in a notable improvement in prediction accuracy, with mean absolute error (MAE) values equal to 5.6 kcal mol for reduction and 7.2 kcal mol for oxidation potentials, which paves a way toward efficient in silico design of new electrochemical systems.
Special considerations for the use of AI tools by PEERs as a learning and communication aid
Authors: Arango Maria Camila , Hincapié‐Otero María , Hardeman Keisha , Shao Bryanna , Starbird Leo , Starbird Chrystal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere is no doubt that navigating academia is a formidable challenge, particularly for those from underrepresented backgrounds who face additional barriers at every turn. In such an environment, efforts to create learning and training environments that are diverse, equitable, and inclusive can feel like an uphill battle. We believe that harnessing the power of artificial intelligence (AI) tools can help in leveling the playing field. While AI cannot supplant the need for supportive mentorship, it can serve as a vital supplement, offering guidance and assistance to those who may lack access to adequate avenues of support. Embracing AI in this context should not be stigmatized, as it may represent a vital lifeline for underrepresented individuals who often face systemic biases while forging their own paths in pursuit of success and belonging in academia. AI tools should not be gatekept from these individuals, particularly by those in positions of power and privilege within the scientific community. Instead, we argue, institutions should make a strong commitment to educating their community members on how to ethically harness these tools.
Polynomial bounds for chromatic number VIII. Excluding a path and a complete multipartite graph
Authors: Nguyen Tung , Scott Alex , Seymour Paul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe prove that for every path , and every integer , there is a polynomial such that every graph with chromatic number greater than either contains as an induced subgraph, or contains as a subgraph the complete ‐partite graph with parts of cardinality . For and general this is a classical theorem of Gyárfás, and for and general this is a theorem of Bonamy et al.
Increased human papillomavirus viral load is correlated to higher severity of cervical disease and poorer clinical outcome: A systematic review
Authors: Fobian Seth‐Frerich , Mei Xionge , Crezee Johannes , Snoek Barbara C. , Steenbergen Renske D. M. , Hu Jiafen , ten Hagen Timo L. M. , Vermeulen Louis , Stalpers Lukas J. A. , Oei Arlene L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and is caused by persistent infection with high‐risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV viral load, the amount of HPV DNA in a sample, has been suggested to correlate with cervical disease severity, and with clinical outcome of cervical cancer. In this systematic review, we searched three databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science) to examine the current evidence on the association between HPV viral load in cervical samples and disease severity, as well as clinical outcome. After exclusion of articles not on HPV, cervical cancer, or containing clinical outcomes, 85 original studies involving 173 746 women were included. The vast majority (73/85 = 85.9%) reported that a higher viral load was correlated with higher disease severity or worse clinical outcome. Several studies reported either no correlation (3/85 = 3.5%), or the opposite correlation (9/85 = 10.6%); possible reasons being different categorization of HPV viral load levels, or the use of specific sampling methods. Despite variations in study design and populations, the above findings suggest that HPV viral load is correlated to clinical outcome, and may become an important biomarker for treatment selection and response monitoring for cervical cancer.
Why did you delete my comment? Investigating observing consumers' reactions to comment‐deletion‐clues during a brand crisis
Authors: Liao Junyun , Ye Yaohua , Filieri Raffaele , Du Peng , Jiang Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMany users criticize brands by posting negative comments on their social media pages when a brand crisis occurs. Brands often choose to delete negative comments when coping with brand crises. While deleting comments often goes unnoticed, complaints about comment deletion from users whose comments are deleted (e.g., “Why did you delete my comment?”) serve as clues for observers after a crisis. Drawing from Warranting Theory, this study examines comment‐deletion‐clues' impact on observers' forgiveness and negative word‐of‐mouth (NWOM) transmission and how two types of brand explanations (custom vs. general) alter this impact. Four studies show that the comment‐deletion‐clues reduce observers' intention to forgive the brand and increase the spread of NWOM. Furthermore, the results indicate that brands' custom explanations mitigate the adverse effects of comment‐deletion‐clues. This article is among the first to explore the role of content moderation during brand crises and extends the brand crisis literature and the emerging content moderation literature.
Downregulation of ALDH5A1 suppresses cisplatin resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating ferroptosis signaling pathways
Authors: Song Kewei , Ma Chenhui , Maswikiti Ewetse Paul , Gu Baohong , Wang Bofang , Wang Na , Jiang Pei , Chen Hao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study explores the specific role and underlying mechanisms of ALDH5A1 in the chemoresistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The levels of cleaved caspase‐3, 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE), intracellular Fe2+, and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated via immunofluorescence. Cell viability and migration were quantified using cell counting kit‐8 assays and wound healing assays, respectively. Flow cytometry was utilized to analyze cell apoptosis and ROS production. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Proteome profiling was performed using data‐independent acquisition. Additionally, a xenograft mouse model of ESCC was established to investigate the relationship between ALDH5A1 expression and the cisplatin (DDP)‐resistance mechanism in vivo. ALDH5A1 is overexpressed in both ESCC patients and ESCC/DDP cells. Silencing of ALDH5A1 significantly enhances the inhibitory effects of DDP treatment on the viability and migration of KYSE30/DDP and KYSE150/DDP cells and promotes apoptosis. Furthermore, it intensifies DDP's suppressive effects on tumor volume and weight in nude mice. Gene ontology biological process analysis has shown that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in both KYSE30/DDP cells and KYSE30/DDP cells transfected with si‐ALDH5A1. Our in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that DDP treatment promotes the accumulation of ROS, lipid ROS, MDA, LPO, and intracellular Fe2+ content, increases the levels of proteins that promote ferroptosis (ACSL4 and FTH1), and decreases the expression of anti‐ferroptosis proteins (SLC7A11, FTL, and GPX4). Silencing of ALDH5A1 further amplifies the regulatory effects of DDP both in vitro and in vivo. ALDH5A1 potentially acts as an oncogene in ESCC chemoresistance. Silencing of ALDH5A1 can reduce DDP resistance in ESCC through promoting ferroptosis signaling pathways. These findings suggest a promising strategy for the treatment of ESCC in clinical practice.
Mapping Motor Cortical Network Excitability and Connectivity Changes in De Novo Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Leodori Giorgio , De Bartolo Maria Ilenia , Piervincenzi Claudia , Mancuso Marco , Ojha Abhineet , Costanzo Matteo , Aiello Flavia , Vivacqua Giorgio , Fabbrini Giovanni , Conte Antonella , Pantano Patrizia , Berardelli Alfredo , Belvisi Daniele 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation‐electroencephalography (TMS‐EEG) has demonstrated decreased excitability in the primary motor cortex (M1) and increased excitability in the pre‐supplementary motor area (pre‐SMA) in moderate‐advanced Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectivesThe aim was to investigate whether these abnormalities are evident from the early stages of the disease, their behavioral correlates, and relationship to cortico‐subcortical connections.MethodsTwenty‐eight early, drug‐naive (de novo) PD patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs) underwent TMS‐EEG to record TMS‐evoked potentials (TEPs) from the primary motor cortex (M1) and the pre‐SMA, kinematic recording of finger‐tapping movements, and a 3T‐MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan to obtain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reconstruction of white matter (WM) tracts connecting M1 to the ventral lateral anterior thalamic nucleus and pre‐SMA to the anterior putamen.ResultsWe found reduced M1 TEP P30 amplitude in de novo PD patients compared to HCs and similar pre‐SMA TEP N40 amplitude between groups. PD patients exhibited smaller amplitude and slower velocity in finger‐tapping movements and altered structural integrity in WM tracts of interest, although these changes did not correlate with TEPs.ConclusionsM1 hypoexcitability is a characteristic of PD from early phases and may be a marker of the parkinsonian state. Pre‐SMA hyperexcitability is not evident in early PD and possibly emerges at later stages of the disease. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Using passive and active data to predict posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and cannabis use in recently discharged UK veterans: A protocol for the MAVERICK feasibility study
Authors: Williamson Grace , Trompeter Nora , Murphy Dominic , Saba Shaddy , Pedersen Eric R. , Davis Jordan P. , Leightley Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a growing concern amongst UK veterans. Co‐occurrence of problematic cannabis use, and PTSD is associated with greater PTSD symptom severity, decreased likelihood of cannabis use cessation, worse clinical outcomes, and increased societal burden. Despite increased screening efforts among veterans, there are no effective strategies for predicting risk for PTSD and problematic drug use escalation before these conditions develop, worsen, or become chronic. This feasibility study employs a 4‐week (28‐day) longitudinal design (daily data collection), multiple passive data collection features via a bespoke study smartphone app called MAVERICK, and active data collection via wearable technology to predict clinically meaningful escalations in cannabis use and PTSD symptoms in UK veterans. Questionnaire data will be collected between 06:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m. each day. Passive data will be collected continuously in the background. The study will begin recruitment in June 2023 and will require 18 months to complete. Study results are expected to be published in January 2024. This trial will provide information on the feasibility and utility of a smartphone app (MAVERICK) to collect both active and passive data to predict PTSD symptoms and cannabis use in a UK veteran population. If the smartphone app is deemed feasible and acceptable to users, it has the potential to provide an effective measurement tool to mitigate risk of PTSD and problematic cannabis use among veterans.
Potential Impact of Bioactive Peptides from Foods in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Ichim Natalia , Marín Francisco , Orenes‐Piñero Esteban 
Published: June 2024

ScopeHigh blood pressure (BP) is the main preventable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Much research is aimed at finding natural alternatives to control or prevent hypertension (HT), since some hypertensive patients do not respond to current pharmacological treatments or show undesirable side effects.Methods and resultsForty relevant articles have been selected from various scientific literature databases. The results reveal that angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition is the most reported mechanism of action of antihypertensive peptides. The active peptides have a great variety of origins. Biopeptides with a molecular weight of <3 kDa, short chain <20 amino acids, and a hydrophobic amino acid sequence at the C‐ and N‐terminus exhibit higher antihypertensive activity. They also show good stability to enzymatic hydrolysis and gastrointestinal digestion, and no toxicity. To determine antihypertensive effectiveness, in vitro and in vivo animal studies are the most frequent developed, with few in silico studies and only one human clinical trial.ConclusionThere is interesting potential for antihypertensive peptides as promising natural candidates for the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals and drugs for preventive or therapeutic treatment of hypertension. The aim of this review is to study the role of food‐derived bioactive peptides in HT.
Amide proton transfer MRI at 9.4 T for differentiating tissue acidosis in a rodent model of ischemic stroke
Authors: Jin Tao , Wang Jicheng , Chung Julius , Hitchens T. Kevin , Sun Dandan , Mettenburg Joseph , Wang Ping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeDifferentiating ischemic brain damage is critical for decision making in acute stroke treatment for better outcomes. We examined the sensitivity of amide proton transfer (APT) MRI, a pH‐weighted imaging technique, to achieve this differentiation.MethodsIn a rat stroke model, the ischemic core, oligemia, and the infarct‐growth region (IGR) were identified by tracking the progression of the lesions. APT MRI signals were measured alongside ADC, T1, and T2 maps to evaluate their sensitivity in distinguishing ischemic tissues. Additionally, stroke under hyperglycemic conditions was studied.ResultsThe APT signal in the IGR decreased by about 10% shortly after stroke onset, and further decreased to 35% at 5 h, indicating a progression from mild to severe acidosis as the lesion evolved into infarction. Although ADC, T1, and T2 contrasts can only detect significant differences between the IGR and oligemia for a portion of the stroke duration, APT contrast consistently differentiates between them at all time points. However, the contrast to variation ratio at 1 h is only about 20% of the contrast to variation ratio between the core and normal tissues, indicating limited sensitivity. In the ischemic core, the APT signal decreases to about 45% and 33% of normal tissue level at 1 h for the normoglycemic and hyperglycemic groups, respectively, confirming more severe acidosis under hyperglycemia.ConclusionThe sensitivity of APT MRI is high in detecting severe acidosis of the ischemic core but is much lower in detecting mild acidosis, which may affect the accuracy of differentiation between the IGR and oligemia.
Quantification of the rotating frame relaxation time T2ρ: Comparison of balanced spin‐lock and continuous‐wave Malcolm‐Levitt preparations
Authors: Gram Maximilian , Christa Martin , Gutjahr Fabian Tobias , Albertova Petra , Williams Tatjana , Jakob Peter Michael , Bauer Wolfgang Rudolf , Nordbeck Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor the quantification of rotating frame relaxation times, the T2ρ relaxation pathway plays an essential role. Nevertheless, T2ρ imaging has been studied only to a small extent compared with T1ρ, and preparation techniques for T2ρ have so far been adapted from T1ρ methods. In this work, two different preparation concepts are compared specifically for the use of T2ρ mapping. The first approach involves transferring the balanced spin‐locking (B‐SL) concept of T1ρ imaging. The second and newly proposed approach is a continuous‐wave Malcolm‐Levitt (CW‐MLEV) pulse train with zero echo times and was motivated from T2 preparation strategies. The modules are tested in Bloch simulations for their intrinsic sensitivity to field inhomogeneities and validated in phantom experiments. In addition, myocardial T2ρ mapping was performed in mice as an exemplary application. Our results demonstrate that the CW‐MLEV approach provides superior robustness and thus suggest that established methods of T1ρ imaging are not best suited for T2ρ experiments. In the presence of field inhomogeneities, the simulations indicated an increased banding compensation by a factor of 4.1 compared with B‐SL. Quantification of left ventricular T2ρ time in mice yielded more consistent results, and values in the range of 59.2–61.1 ms (R2 = 0.986–0.992) were observed at 7 T.
Effect of filling materials on the tribological performance of polytetrafluoroethylene in different wear modes
Authors: Fidan Sinan , Korkusuz Orkan Baran , Toker Pelin Özzaim , Gültürk Elif , Ateş Bülent Hayri , Sınmazçelik Tamer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs it is known, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is one of the most preferred polymeric materials for tribological applications. This study investigates the performance of PTFE and its composites under different tribological conditions. The effects of short glass fiber (GF), carbon particle (CP) and bronze particle (BP) reinforcement agents and their hybrid filling with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on sliding, erosive and abrasive wear were examined. Sliding tests were carried out with a ball‐on‐disc test apparatus, erosive wear tests were carried out with solid particle erosion and abrasive wear tests were carried out with a scratch test. It has been found that reinforcement agents improve sliding and abrasive wear resistance but worsen the erosion resistance. The hardness and contact angle of the samples were associated with their wear performances. Topographic and morphological analyzes of worn surfaces were performed using optical profilometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively, and wear mechanisms were discussed.Highlights
Filling materials (glass fiber, carbon particle and bronze particle) increase the adhesion and abrasion resistance of PTFE, while decreasing its erosion resistance.
The effect of hybrid addition of MoS2 solid lubricant on wear performances depends on the type of filler.
There is a correlation between surface properties (hardness and contact angle) and wear performances.
Optical profilometer and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine wear mechanisms.