bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lexical Stress in Mandarin Second-Language Speakers of English: An Electromagnetic Articulography Study
Authors: Kim Boram , Bishop Jason , Whalen D. H. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
The present study focused on the acoustic and articulatory realization of English lexical stress in Mandarin second-language (L2) speakers of English. We aimed to understand (a) how suprasegmental and segmental features were used in the acoustic domain and (b) how lingual and nonlingual articulators were manipulated in the articulatory domain during the production of lexical stress.

Method:

Production of stress minimal pairs (e.g., OBject–obJECT) was analyzed. The data were drawn from a publicly available data set consisting of time-synchronous acoustic–articulatory data from 20 first-language (L1) speakers of English and 20 Mandarin L2 speakers. Acoustic features included duration, intensity, fundamental frequency (
F
0), and vowel quality. Articulatory properties involved positional information of the tongue, lips, and jaw.

Results:

All suprasegmental cues investigated (
F
0, intensity, duration) were found to be involved in the production of lexical stress by the two speaker groups, although in L1-specific ways in the case of
F
0. In contrast, the segmental cue (vowel quality) was used to distinguish lexically stressed and unstressed syllables by the L1 speakers only. Both groups demonstrated increased displacements in nonlingual articulators (jaw and lip) in lexically stressed vowels, and a significant positional difference in the lingual articulator (tongue dorsum) was found for some (but not all) of the L1 speakers' productions.

Conclusions:
Mandarin L2 speakers were found to use some of the same acoustic and articulatory cues as English L1 speakers to realize lexical stress in English. In the L2 group, however, it was the suprasegmental cues rather than segmental cues that most consistently distinguished lexical stress contrasts, and nonlingual articulators were weighted more heavily than the lingual articulator.
An improved YOLOv5s‐CBAM network: For non‐standard operation identification in power network maintenance and operation
Authors: Zhang Zhou , Li Mengfei , Guo Wenjie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSafe and standardized power maintenance and repair is an essential part of ensuring the stable operation of electricity and is also an important way to protect the personal safety of power maintenance personnel. Therefore, to detect the operation actions better and improve the target detection accuracy in power overhaul and maintenance, this paper proposes an enhanced YOLOv5s algorithm based on the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) attention mechanism. This paper adopts the Mosaic9 data augmentation technique and a distance‐based non‐maximum suppression algorithm to replace the traditional Mosaic data augmentation technique and the traditional non‐maximum suppression algorithm. The accuracy, mean average precision (mAP@0.5), and recall of the improved YOLOv5s‐CBAM model is 93.1%, 84.8%, and 81.7%, respectively. Moreover, the image processing speed of 10.8 ms/image can well guarantee the real‐time performance of the detection network. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv5s‐CBAM model has better performance.
NEUTRALUNIVERSEMACHINE: How filaments and dark-matter haloes influence the galaxy’s cold gas content
Authors: Ma Wenlin , Guo Hong , Jones Michael G. 
Published: February 2025

Aims. We aim to investigate the influence of the distance to filaments and dark-matter haloes on galaxy cold-gas content in the empirical model NEUTRALUNIVERSEMACHINE (NUM) and the hydrodynamical simulation IllustrisTNG.
Methods. We used DisPerSE to identify cosmic web structures and calculate the distance of galaxies to filaments for both observations and models. We show the results of the H I and H2 mass functions, H I- and H2-halo-mass relations, H I- and H2-stellar-mass relations for galaxies in the NUM model and IllustrisTNG with different distances to filaments and compare them with observational measurements. We also show the evolution of H I and H2 mass densities at different distances to filament bins.
Results. We find that how filaments affect the H I gas is generally less significant compared to the halo environment. There is a weak trend in the observations at z = 0 that low-mass haloes lying closer to the filaments tend to have reduced H I masses. However, this trend reverses for massive haloes with log(Mvir/M⊙) > 12.5. This behaviour is accurately reproduced in the NUM model due to the dependence of H I gas on the halo formation time, but it does not appear in IllustrisTNG. The influence of filaments on the H I gas becomes slightly weaker at higher redshifts and is only significant for galaxies that reside in massive haloes in the NUM model. Filaments have almost no impact on the H2-stellar-mass relation in both models, confirming that H2 is primarily determined by the galaxy stellar mass and star formation rate.
Masernpneumonie bei nicht vorerkranktem Erwachsenem
Authors: Habermann Robin , Schmiedel Stefan 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungEin 46 Jahre alter Patient stellt sich mit seit 2 Tagen bestehendem Fieber bis 40°C, ausgeprägter Belastungsdyspnoe und einem Hautausschlag in der Notaufnahme vor. Bis eine Woche vor Erkrankungsbeginn war der Patient im Urlaub in Griechenland.Im CT-Thorax zeigten sich das Bild einer atypischen Pneumonie sowie eine ausgeprägte Lymphadenopathie. Der Nachweis von Masernvirus-RNA im Konjunktival-Abstrich führte zur Diagnose einer Maserninfektion als Ursache für die Pneumonie.Der Patient wurde stationär aufgenommen und symptomatisch behandelt. Bei temporärer Hypoxie erfolgte die Gabe von Sauerstoff.Bei passender klinischer Symptomatik (Fieber, makulopapulöses Exanthem, Konjunktivitis) sollte in jedem Alter eine Maserninfektion als Ursache in Betracht gezogen werden und die entsprechende Diagnostik (Serologie, PCR) eingeleitet werden.
Die Neurobiologie der Abwehr
Authors: Grafen Keren 
Published: February 2025

SummaryDie Neurobiologie der Abwehr umfasst drei zentrale Systeme: Den Verdauungstrakt, das Nervensystem und das Immunsystem. Geraten die feinabgestimmten Prozesse der Neurobiologie der Abwehr durch Stressoren aus dem Gleichgewicht, kann es zu schwerwiegenden Erkrankungen kommen. Verschiedene Ansätze können nachhaltig die Gesundheit verbessern, indem sie sich positiv auf die drei Systeme der Neurobiologie der Abwehr auswirken; 7 Ansätze sind in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.
Mangelnde Grenzbildung, überschießende Abwehr
Authors: Rosenhauer-von Löwensprung Natalie 
Published: February 2025

SummaryDie Anthroposophische Medizin betrachtet allergische Prozesse als gestörte Abläufe in der Grenzbildung und Naturüberwindung auf Basis der 4 Wesensglieder und der Dreigliederung des Menschen. Therapeutische Ziele sind: die Seelenorganisation wieder stärker in den Körper zu integrieren und mit der Lebensorganisation zu verbinden sowie die Ich-Organisation in den Organismus zu verankern. Aus der anthroposophischen Arzneimittelratio kommen unter anderem infrage: Früchte mit lederartigen Schalen, Zubereitungen aus Blei und Quarz, Bitterstoffe, Organpräparate und wesensgemäße Heilpflanzen.
Jede Minute zählt
Authors: Schmid Eva C 
Published: February 2025

SummaryBei einer Sepsis handelt es sich um eine lebensbedrohliche Verlaufsform einer – häufig unspektakulär beginnenden – Infektion mit systemischer Ausprägung und Organdysfunktion, meist ausgelöst durch Bakterien, seltener Viren, Parasiten oder Pilze. Typische Zeichen sind Fieber, Schüttelfrost, Dyspnoe, Hyperventilation, Tachykardie, starkes Krankheitsgefühl und eine Veränderung des Bewusstseinszustandes bis hin zum septischen Schock (15 %). Entscheidend ist ein sofortiges Erkennen und Handeln mit Antibiose, notärztlicher und eventuell intensivmedizinischer Versorgung, denn jede verstreichende Stunde erhöht das Sterberisiko um etwa 1 %.
Optimale Versorgung von Patienten mit akuter Luftnot und pneumologischen Krankheitsbildern in einer Respiratory Care Unit
Authors: Keymel Stefanie , Bernhard Michael , Krüger Stefan 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Die akute Luftnot ist das Leitsymptom verschiedener pneumologischer, kardiologischer und weiterer nicht-traumatologischer Erkrankungen, mit dem sich Patienten in der Notaufnahme vorstellen. Die akute Luftnot ist ein häufiges und komplexes Leitsymptom in der Notaufnahme. Patienten, die sich mit Luftnot in der Notaufnahme vorstellen, haben im Vergleich zu Patienten mit dem Leitsymptom Brust- oder Bauchschmerz eine höhere Rate an Aufnahmen auf die Intensivstation und eine höhere Mortalität. Für eine optimale Versorgung von Patienten mit akuter Luftnot in der Notaufnahme sollte ein hierfür spezialisierter Behandlungspfad einer Respiratory Care Unit (RCU) etabliert werden. Für die Etablierung des Behandlungspfads einer RCU sind bestimmte inhaltliche, personelle, strukturelle und organisatorische Voraussetzungen zu schaffen.
A bibliometric analysis of publications on the ethical considerations of sex robots (2003‒2022)
Authors: Tang Yan , Zhang Na , Liu Shen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Robots play a crucial role in society, with pioneers like Joseph Engelberger envisioning their use beyond factory settings as early as 1989. The development of sex robots, stemming from the sex industry’s adoption of new technologies, represents one of the most ethically complex applications of robotics. Integrating them into society raises numerous moral challenges, intersecting with sociology, philosophy, and psychology. To address these ethical dilemmas, this study employed bibliometric tools to map research trends and patterns, aiming to provide a clearer understanding of the issues surrounding sex robots and propose potential solutions. The Web of Science database contained 1010 publications on sex robots published between 2003 and 2022 that met the search criteria. The annual publication volume on the topic of sex robots has increased significantly over the 2003‒2022 timeframe. Jan Peters and Atsuo Takanishi are the authors who have published the most research on the topic of sex robots. The journal with the highest publication volume on sex robots among the top 10 journals is the International Journal of Social Robotics. Over the past 20 years, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique has published the most research on the topic of sex robots. The United States has the highest influence in the field of sex robot research. Emerging keywords such as “sex robot,” “social robot,” “therapy,” and “trust” have gained significant popularity, as evidenced by an increase in references and citations in the literature. Utilizing visual mapping techniques and an analysis of key publications, this study describes the latest ideas and development directions within the field of sex robots research, providing insights into the growing trends in this domain.
Exploring residents’ and fellows’ confidence in sexually transmitted infection management and confidential care for adolescents
Authors: Wynn Cameron L. , Wong Catherine , Lee MinJae , Tiro Jasmin A. , Francis Jenny K. R. 
Published: February 2025

Background In the United States, many residents and fellows lack confidence in their ability to confidentially counsel adolescents regarding sexual health topics. Little is known about how personal and professional experiences may affect medical residents’ and fellows’ confidence in counselling adolescents about sexual health services. Methods We invited 361 residents and fellows (trainees) from paediatric, obstetrics and gynaecology, as well as family medicine programs at an academic medical centre in Texas to complete a survey about confidence in counselling about sexual health services. We describe respondents’ demographics, medical training, personal sexual healthcare experiences, and confidence in confidential care and STI management measured on a four-point Likert scale. We calculated average confidence scores, dichotomised responses into confident (≥3 points) and not-so-confident (<3 points), and performed two multivariable regression analyses to explore factors associated with confidence. Results Among 228 trainees (63% response rate), 54% were confident in confidential care and 81% were confident in STI management. Those who received training in aspects of confidential care and STI management reported significantly greater confidence in many of these areas. Respondents who recalled private discussions with their personal healthcare provider as an adolescent reported confidence in STI management (P = 0.02) compared to those who did not have that experience. Conclusions Medical training should focus on communication training to address gaps in confidence, particularly regarding adolescent confidentiality. Clinicians’ personal experiences may impact aspects of confidence, highlighting the importance of encouraging trainees to reflect on how their background might influence their clinical practice.
High Q
2 Behavior of the Proton Structure Function through the Balitsky-Kovchegov Equation
Authors: Kou Wei , Xie Gang , Wang Xiaopeng , Han Chengdong , Chen Xurong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Numerous experimental and theoretical investigations have highlighted the power law behavior of the proton structure function F
2(x, Q
2), particularly the dependence of its power constant on various kinematic variables. In this study, we analyze the proton structure function F
2 employing the analytical solution of the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation, with a focus on the high Q
2 regime and small x domains. Our results indicate that as Q
2 increases, the slope parameter λ, which characterizes the growth rate of F
2, exhibits a gradual decrease, approaching a limiting value of λ ≈ 0.41 &#177;0.01 for large Q
2. We suggest that this behavior of λ may be attributed to mechanisms such as gluon overlap and the suppression of phase space growth. To substantiate these conclusions, further high-precision electron-ion collision experiments are required, encompassing a broad range of Q
2 and x.
A geometric derivation of Noether's theorem
Authors: Houchmandzadeh Bahram 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nother's theorem is a cornerstone of analytical mechanics, making the link between symmetries and conserved quantities. In this article, I propose a simple, geometric derivation of this theorem that circumvent the usual difficulties that a student of this field usually encounters. The derivation is based on the integration the differential form dS=pdq-Hdt, where S is the action function, p the momentum and H the Hamiltonian, over a closed path.
Enzyme-free dual-channel optical biosensor employing chitosan-coated ZnS: Mn nanomaterials for the ultra-sensitive detection of doxycycline hyclate
Authors: Nguyen Son Hai , Tran Mai Thi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Developing enzyme-free biosensors offers promising solutions for more effective antibiotic detection methods, especially for complex matrices and unstable environmental conditions where traditional enzymatic approaches may fail. This paper introduces an innovative dual-channel optical biosensor using chitosan-coated ZnS:Mn nanomaterials for the ultra-sensitive detection of doxycycline hyclate, a commonly used antibiotic from the tetracycline (TET) class. The developed sensors demonstrate remarkable sensitivity, exhibiting a linear working range from 13.1 to 72.2 femtomolar (fM), with an impressive detection limit of just 2.09 fM and a limit of quantification of 6.32 fM. They also exhibit excellent selectivity against a variety of common antibiotics, including ampicillin, penicillin, cephalexin, amoxicillin, TET, as well as non-antibiotic substances like glucose. Furthermore, the sensors maintain high stability over time and perform effectively in complex matrices such as tap water. These features suggest that our novel sensor could significantly improve antibiotic monitoring in clinical and environmental contexts, making a substantial contribution to the global fight against antibiotic resistance.
Instance segmentation from particle holograms
Authors: Senger Corey , Hong Jiarong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Holographic microscopy has emerged as a low-cost and highly compact technique for 3D imaging of microscopic particles in suspension. However, its broad application is largely limited by the inclusion of multiple steps in extracting the particles from the hologram image, which can be computationally expensive and often involves human intervention. We introduce HoloDINO, a transformative model that leverages instance segmentation for streamlined, end-to-end particle detection and contour extraction. By pre-training a data-intensive transformer model on synthetic particle contours and fine-tuning it on experimental data, our approach demonstrates robust performance across synthetic holograms of varying particle concentration, morphology, and optical properties, as well as experimental holograms of dental aerosols and water spray droplets. HoloDINO surpasses conventional methods, which typically involve multiple steps—such as reconstruction, autofocusing, and segmentation—by consolidating these into a single, efficient process that delivers precise morphological data for each particle in one forward pass. This advancement not only facilitates real-time applications but also significantly enhances the generalization capabilities across diverse settings, paving the way for broader adoption of holography in particle analysis.
Is every triangle a trajectory of an elliptical billiard?
Authors: Dragović Vladimir , Radnović Milena 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Using Marden’s Theorem from geometric theory of polynomials, we show that for every triangle there is a unique ellipse such that the triangle is a billiard trajectory within that ellipse. Since 3-periodic trajectories of billiards within ellipses are examples of the Poncelet polygons, our considerations provide a new insight into the relationship between Marden’s Theorem and the Poncelet Porism, two gems of exceptional classical beauty. We also show that every parallelogram is a billiard trajectory within a unique ellipse. We prove a similar result for the self-intersecting polygonal lines consisting of two pairs of congruent sides, named ‘Darboux butterflies’. In each of three considered cases, we effectively calculate the foci of the boundary ellipses.
A deep learning approach for electric field profile reconstruction based on the E-FISH method
Authors: Yang Zhijian , Sugeng Edwin Setiadi , Chng Tat Loon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Electric field induced second harmonic generation (E-FISH) is a laser-based method that has become increasingly popular for measuring electric fields in non-equilibrium plasmas. A key limitation of this diagnostic is that the signal magnitude tends to be influenced by regions beyond the focal volume, and more generally by the entire electric field profile along the probe beam path. One approach to resolving this issue, is to make multiple measurements of the E-FISH signal by translating the laser beam focus with respect to the electric field distribution. The objective is to use this resulting signal profile to reconstruct the unknown electric field profile. Termed here as the inverse ‘E-FISH problem’, this work describes a machine learning (ML) approach to perform the reconstruction in a systematic and efficient manner. Two commonly used deep learning (DL) algorithms—artificial neural networks and convolutional neural networks are applied to this inverse problem, with both producing promising results. These DL networks accept an E-FISH signal profile described by a stipulated number of data points (sampled along the beam path), and provides the unknown electric field profile along the direction of the laser beam as an output. Excellent predictive accuracy and good overall generalizability is obtained on test data, extending to cases where the input profile is formed by a smaller sub-sample of data points or when noise is artificially introduced. More importantly, good performance is maintained when the model is applied to experimental data. In its present form however, the model is applicable only to a large subset of symmetric profiles typical of canonical electrode geometries, and does not generalize to asymmetric (as well as antisymmetric) distributions, or those of an entirely random nature. However, with the appropriate training, we expect that these issues can be overcome, thereby extending the model’s applicability. This supports the continued use of ML methods for solving inverse problems of this nature, and to the field of non-equilibrium and low temperature plasmas in general.
Confinement-driven enhancement of negative ion production in anode spot plasma
Authors: Choi Jaeyoung , Hwang Y S , Kim June Young , Chung Kyoung-Jae 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study presents a novel application of anode spot plasmas to enhance negative ion production within electronegative gas discharges, specifically focusing on negative hydrogen ions (

H

−

ions) in argon-hydrogen mixtures. By confining ions within a double layer structure, our experiments demonstrate a significant increase in

H

−

ion density within the anode spot plasma, with electronegativity (defined as the density ratio of negative ions to electrons) increasing by up to 20-fold. This enhancement in

H

−

ion production extends beyond conventional volume production mechanisms. We propose a model highlighting the role of the anode spot plasma’s double layer potential in ion confinement, introducing an ‘inflow’ process where negative ions from the surrounding plasma are effectively trapped. Our findings underscore the influence of key parameters, such as pressure and anode size, in optimizing negative ion density via tailored confinement. These insights provide a pathway for advancing negative ion source technology, particularly

H

−

ion sources, by refining ion transport and confinement strategies.
A random decomposition method for chaotic sequences to improve the security of image encryption
Authors: Xiao Qiumei , Yu Wenxin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The encryption efficiency of traditional encryption algorithms is relatively low, and they are no longer suitable for encrypting digital image information with large amounts of data and strong correlation. At present, encryption methods based on chaotic sequences can meet the demand for large amounts of image encryption data. However, the randomness of the chaotic sequences used in general chaotic encryption algorithms is strongly correlated with the initial state and parameters of the chaotic system, which may result in low complexity and chaotic degradation of the output sequence of the chaotic system. This paper proposes a sequence random decomposition algorithm that decomposes low complexity sequences into a large number of high complexity random decomposition sequences from the perspective of sequence decomposition. By using the sequence random decomposition algorithm to process the chaotic sequence output by the chaotic system, the random decomposition sequences with higher spectral entropy complexity were obtained. Finally, an image encryption communication system based on random sequence decomposition is constructed by combining random sequence decomposition with chaotic system. The security analysis of the image encryption communication system is carried out, and it is verified that the proposed system has better encryption performance.