bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friendship in practice: Girls’ work in the Indian Himalayas
Authors: DYSON JANE 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTIn this article, I examine the relationship between friendship, cultural production, and social reproduction through reference to the everyday practices of girls working in the Indian Himalayas. I build on 15 months of ethnographic research in the village of Bemni, Uttarakhand. Focusing especially on girls’ work collecting leaves, I stress the importance of contextualizing friendship with reference to lived everyday actions and environments. Friendship among girls in Bemni is a contradictory resource: a medium through which girls reproduce gendered norms and a basis for improvised cultural practice and effective cooperation.
The criterion of consistency: Women's self‐presentation at Yarmouk University, Jordan
Authors: KAYA LAURA PEARL 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTIn the late 20th century, for the first time, higher education became an attainable goal for Jordanian women of all backgrounds, and Jordanian universities became vibrant, coed public spaces. The first‐generation‐female college students who enter these spaces take relational traditions of female identity construction that developed in intimate settings and adapt them for use in large‐scale, anonymous environments. Identities based on relationships are reified for exchange in a public sphere, and imperatives that had seemed to keep women in a “private” realm are transformed as women move in “public” space. After exploring the meanings of women's dress at Yarmouk University in Irbid, Jordan, I conclude with remarks on the implications of my study for the headscarf debate in France.
Communities of complicity: Notes on state formation and local sociality in rural China
Authors: STEINMÜLLER HANS 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTIn this article, I deal with the tension in rural China between vernacular practice in local sociality and official representations related to processes of state formation and with the ways in which this tension is revealed and concealed through gestures of embarrassment, irony, and cynicism. Such gestures point toward a space of intimate self‐knowledge that I call a “community of complicity,” a concept derived from Michael Herzfeld's outline of “cultural intimacy.” I illustrate how such communities are constituted with examples involving Chinese geomancy (fengshui), funerary rituals, and corruption. I contrast this approach with arguments made about “state involution” in China.
Language Acquisition Meets Language Evolution
Authors: Chater Nick , Christiansen Morten H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecent research suggests that language evolution is a process of cultural change, in which linguistic structures are shaped through repeated cycles of learning and use by domain‐general mechanisms. This paper draws out the implications of this viewpoint for understanding the problem of language acquisition, which is cast in a new, and much more tractable, form. In essence, the child faces a problem of induction, where the objective is tocoordinatewith others (C‐induction), rather than to model the structure of the natural world (N‐induction). We argue that, of the two, C‐induction is dramatically easier. More broadly, we argue that understanding the acquisition of any cultural form, whether linguistic or otherwise, during development, requires considering the corresponding question of how that cultural form arose through processes of cultural evolution. This perspective helps resolve the “logical” problem of language acquisition and has far‐reaching implications for evolutionary psychology.
THE IMPACT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING ON WARSHIP DESIGN
Authors: OREM JOHN B. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the expanding use of electromagnetic systems in warships has created significant problems. Mutually antagonistic systems degrade intended performance and serious safety problems have been created. The environmental effects produced by these systems must be considered in the mainstream of the warship design process. Systems engineering considerations using specific examples will show the potential impact on warship design considerations not normally considered. In addition, electromagnetic engineering considerations are proposed for impact on specific ship specification sections.
CENTRAL SHIP LOGISTICS AND ENGINEERING CONFIGURATION ACCOUNTING
Authors: MOUM JERRY D. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTSince the 1960s, Navy configuration status accounting, logistics, and engineering data support systems have grown independently to solve specialized problems of individual communities within the Navy. Because these automated data systems do not function as a single process, the Navy's configuration status accounting capability is limited. Specifically:— Navy's central configuration records are supply oriented.— There is no firm central engineering control of change reporting and configuration status accounting.We currently lack a coherent and articulate process to record, maintain and present logical, up‐to‐date configuration information about our ships. This weakness in our present configuration data system architecture is the result of two basic deficiencies: (1) the lack of a central purpose, and (2) the lack of a consistent configuration hierarchical structure code.This paper defines an approach to a configuration data system which will correct these deficiencies. First, a central purpose is gained through selection of a global information systems architecture which recognizes the need for cradle‐to‐grave visibility of configuration data. The foundation of this architecture is a central logistics and engineering configuration data base. Second, a universal hierarchical structure code in the form of an Expanded Ship Work Breakdown Structure based Functional Group Code is proposed for use in the global systems architecture.
THE REVERSE ENGINEERING PROCESS: A COMPETITION ENGINEERING PERSPECTIVE
Authors: DI MASCIO A.J. , MIXON CAMERON O. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTReverse engineering can be a powerful tool in the development of a competitive technical data package. However, it should be incorporated as one subset of the several tools available in a comprehensive competition engineering program. There are several technical programmatic, and economic factors which must be considered within the overall system context of such a competition engineering framework prior to committing to implementation of reverse engineering. This paper presents an overview of some of the principal technical, management and economic considerations which should be factored into the planning, decision‐making, and control processes when applying reverse engineering techniques to a Replenishment Spares Breakout Program. A decision‐making model and process management descriptive model are presented as guides to planning and control.
Juniper—The New U.S. Coast Guard Buoy Tender
Authors: DANHIEUX TIMOTHY J. , LACOSSE JAMES , BENTGEN BERNARD F. , WILLIAMS ROBERT E. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTIn early 1990, the U.S. Coast Guard embarked on a major program to replace its fifty‐year‐old seagoing buoy tender fleet by requesting proposals for designs that would meet the Circular of Requirements (COR) for the replacement cutter. Subsequently, three shipyards were awarded contracts to develop contract designs and specifications for the vessel. On 28 January 1993, Marinette Marine Corporation (MMC) was awarded a contract for construction of the Juniper, the lead ship of the new class of Coast Guard seagoing buoy tenders.From even a cursory examination of the COR, while buoy tending remains the Juniper's primary mission, she will serve as a multi‐mission vessel capable of recovering spilled oil, performing icebreaking, servicing fixed stations and other vessels with fuel, water and cargo, as well as conducting search and rescue and law enforcement operations.This paper lists the requirements and describes the resulting successful design that meets these requirements and has been designated the Juniper class by the U.S. Coast Guard.
Revisiting DDGX/DDG‐51 Concept Exploration
Authors: STEPANCHICK JUSTIN , BROWN ALAN 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study revisits concept exploration for DDG‐51 using reconstructed 1978–1979 DDX and 1979–1980 DDGX requirements and options, and 2005 tools. The goal of this study is to assess and highlight the benefits of current tools and processes for concept exploration by comparison with a well‐known design that did not use these tools. This case study was completed in a summer and fall ship design project at Virginia Tech. In 1979, the acquisition and design process did not begin with a Mission Need Statement, Analysis of Alternatives or Integrated Capabilities Document as is required today. It began with studies, Tentative Operational Requirements, and Draft Top Level Requirements. In this study, we revisit the 1978–1980 DDG‐51 (DDX/DDGX) concept exploration based on the guidance, goals, and constraints of the DDX and DDGX studies, using a notional mission statement, concept of operations, and list of required capabilities. The design space is defined to include many of the same design alternatives that were considered in the DDX and DDGX studies. A multiple‐objective genetic optimization (MOGO) based on military effectiveness, cost, and risk is used to search the design space and perform trade‐offs. A simple ship synthesis model is used to balance the designs, assess feasibility, and calculate cost, risk, and effectiveness. Alternative designs are ranked by cost, risk, and effectiveness, and presented in a series of non‐dominated frontiers. Concepts for further study and development are chosen from this frontier and a comparison with DDG‐51 is made based on these results.
Options‐Based Multi‐Objective Evaluation of Product Platforms
Authors: GONZALEZ‐ZUGASTI JAVIER P. , OTTO KEVIN N. , WHITCOMB CLIFFORD A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA platform is the set of elements and interfaces that are common to a family of products. Design teams must choose among feasible platform concepts upon which a product family could be based, often involving new technologies. Multiple performance objectives need to be considered. A standard approach is to convert the performance outcomes into financial figures, which can then be weighed against the required investments. However, it is not always possible to transform performance outcomes (benefits) into monetary terms, such as in defense or highly technical projects. A multi‐objective form of real‐options‐based platform selection is developed. Systems are compared based on multiple technical and economic goals, incorporating uncertainty by representing the unknown factors during the subsequent development process with probability distributions. The range of uncertain outcomes is integrated into single expected measures of effectiveness, which can then be applied to select the most appropriate platform and set of support product variants. An application to the design of platform‐based families of naval high‐speed ships is shown.
USS Boone (FFG 28) Emergent Underwater Rudder Replacement
Authors: YOUNG Jay A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOn November 30, 2006, USS Boone (FFG 28) lost all steering control in the Mediterranean Sea due to a lost rudder. Within hours of the casualty, numerous US Navy and contractor activities sprung into action to coordinate and complete an emergent voyage repair to return USS Boone to service to support the Global War on Terrorism. The Navy faced a large hurdle to identify and transport a replacement rudder to Rota, Spain, and prepare and carry out an extremely complex repair procedure. Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard personnel removed the replacement rudder from USS Crommelin (FFG 37) in Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard and transported the rudder to Rota, Spain. The Navy's Supervisor of Salvage and Diving developed the repair procedure and coordinated the repair operation, which involved over 30 US Navy and contractor divers. The repair team completed the rudder replacement on December 28, 2006 and returned USS Boone to underway operations.
Ten‐years degradation of resin–dentin bonds
Authors: Hashimoto Masanori , Fujita Shinichi , Nagano Futami , Ohno Hiroki , Endo Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2010

Hashimoto M, Fujita S, Nagano F, Ohno H, Endo K. Ten‐years degradation of resin–dentin bonds. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 404–410. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci The purpose of this study was to evaluate the durability of resin–dentin bonds in 10‐yr water‐storage testing. Resin–dentin bonded bulk specimens were prepared using six commercially available resin adhesives. The resin–dentin bonded specimens were stored in water for 24 h (control group) or for 10 yr (experimental groups). After each storage period, the specimens were sectioned to make specimen beams and then subjected to a microtensile bond test. After the bond test, fractured surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, interfacial observation of silver nanoleakage was performed using the backscatter electron mode of SEM. The bond strengths of four of the six adhesive systems tested decreased significantly after 10 yr. However, no significant bond‐strength reduction was recorded for the other two systems. The interfacial observations showed water tree propagation in the bonding resin layer as a typical morphological change after aging for five of the six adhesives tested. Water tree propagation may be a symptom of degradation in the resin bonding layer of resin–dentin bonds.
Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in preschool children in Kuwait – a screening study
Authors: Hasan Abdulaziz A. , Qudeimat Muawia A. , Andersson Lars 
Published: July 2010

Abstract –  Aims:  This is the first study in Kuwait to determine the prevalence, etiology, classification of trauma, teeth involved, place of injury and treatment received after dental trauma in preschool children.Material and methods:  A total of 500 preschool children presenting at a dental screening day in all governorates of Kuwait were clinically examined for signs of trauma to their primary teeth. The parents were then interviewed and a prevalidated questionnaire was completed with the demographic data of the participant and history of the dental trauma.Results:  A total of 243 (48.6%) males and 257 (51.4%) females were screened. The age range was 2–6 years (mean age of 4.31 ± 1.03 years). Fifty‐six children (68 teeth) suffered trauma to their primary teeth making a prevalence of 11.2%. Majority of dental traumas occurred at home (n = 49, 87.5%) followed by at street (n = 4, 7.1%) and at school (n = 3, 5.4%). The most common reason of oral trauma was falls (n = 53, 94.6%).The most commonly affected tooth was the maxillary right primary central incisor (n = 29, 42.6%) followed by the maxillary left primary central incisor (n = 26, 38.2%). There were 20 teeth with enamel fractures (29.4%), 18 teeth had enamel‐ dentin fractures (26.5%) and 10 teeth had complicated crown fractures (14.7%). There were 17 luxated teeth (25%) and only three primary teeth (4.4%) were avulsed. The only statistically significant relation found in this study was between the type of trauma and the type of the treatment provided. Of the traumatized teeth, 23 (33.8%) did not receive any type of dental or medical care.Conclusion:  In spite of the low prevalence of dental trauma in Kuwaiti preschool children, it is highly recommended to plan a community wide trauma prevention campaign targeting parents, children and medical/dental care providers.
Bifid mandibular condyle with tempromandibular joint ankylosis – a pooled data analysis
Authors: Balaji SM 
Published: July 2010

Abstract –  Background and objectives:  Bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) with associated temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is extremely rare with only sixteen cases reported worldwide. This article presents the largest case series with 12 patients of BMC with TMJA with treatment results in an attempt to elucidate the morphological pattern in this rare condition.Materials and method:  Retrospective examination of Computed Tomograms (CT) over a period of 9 years revealed that 12 cases had BMC with TMJA. Demographical, Clinical, CT features and treatment results of these were analyzed. Patients were grouped according to sides of involvement and orientation of condyles. Data of 12 Indian cases were noted and pooled from existing literature from India and analysis performed using statistical software. Descriptive statistics and one way anova were used to find association.Results:  The male: female ratio was 1:1. Twenty three cases were post‐traumatic and one postinfectious. The etiology was sustained in childhood in all patients. The mean presenting age was 16.92 ± 11.05 years. Of all the cases 66.7% presented with ipsilateral chin deviation. The mean mouth opening was 3.89 ± 5.4 mm. Bilateral BMC was observed in 29% of cases and 87.5% of all cases had mesiolateral orientation. In general, ankylosed heads were mushroom shaped compared with non‐ankylosed heads. The result of 1 year postoperative mouth opening was compared with treatment modalities used in this center.Conclusions:  This series attempts to elucidate patterns of ankylosis and CT morphology in BMC with associated TMJA. Also included are treatment results of BMC with TMJA. This case series is the largest presented and includes youngest case of TMJA with BMC reported so far in English literature.
Reattachment of anterior fractured teeth: effect of materials and techniques on impact strength
Authors: Bruschi‐Alonso Renata Camila , Alonso Roberta Caroline Bruschi , Correr Gisele Maria , Alves Marcelo Corrêa , Lewgoy Hugo Roberto , Sinhoreti Mário Alexandre Coelho , Puppin‐Rontani Regina Maria , Correr‐Sobrinho Lourenço 
Published: July 2010

Abstract –  Background/Aim:  The reattachment of dental fragments, as a conservative treatment, should be the first choice to restore fractured teeth. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different materials and reattachment techniques on impact strength of bovine incisors.Material and Methods:  Standardized fragments were obtained when 80 crowns were sectioned 12 mm from the incisal edge. Teeth were mounted in PVC rings, embedded in acrylic resin and polyether to simulate bone support and periodontal ligament. Specimens were distributed in nine groups (n = 10), according to the reattachment technique (Direct bonding or Circumferential chamfer); the adhesive system (Single Bond or Clearfil SE Bond); and the intermediated material (Filtek Z350 Flow or Rely X CRA). Sound teeth composed the control group. Circumferential chamfer was prepared after the bonding of the fragment by means of a spherical point and filled with the composite Filtek Z250. The impact strength was evaluated in a universal testing machine Instron. A compressive load was applied at a crosshead speed of 500 mm min−1 on the buccal surface, 2 mm from the incisal edge. Data were submitted to anova and Ryan–Einot–Gabriel–Welsch Multiple Range test (5%).Results:  Mean value of impact strength for control group was 64.8 Kgf. The fragment reattachment using Circumferential chamfer was significantly superior to Direct Bonding. The use of Single Bond significantly increased the impact strength when compared to the use of Clearfil SE. There was no significant difference among Rely X and Filtek X350 Flow.Conclusion:  No technique or material, when individually considered, was capable of achieving the mechanical strength of the sound teeth; however, the association of reattachment technique Circumferential chamfer with bonding system Single Bond could approximate the immediate impact strength of the restored teeth to that observed in the sound teeth.
Evaluation of tooth‐fragment reattachment: a clinical and laboratory study
Authors: Yilmaz Yucel , Guler Cigdem , Sahin Hakan , Eyuboglu Ozge 
Published: July 2010

Abstract –  Purpose:  To evaluate the restoration of fractured teeth by reattaching tooth fragment to its tooth remnant in a group of children and adolescents, and to compare the results with those of a laboratory study.Materials and Methods:  The clinical study was conducted on 43 fractured incisors: 22 uncomplicated crown fractures (Group A) and 21 complicated crown fractures (Group B). The 43 incisal fragments: 23 were kept dry for 47 h and 20 were kept wet for 24 h by the patients before they were reattached. The fragments were kept in 0.9% saline solution for 30 min before reattachment. The fragments in Group A were reattached using a dentin bonding agent, a flowable and a hybrid resin composite, whereas the fragments in Group B were reattached to the tooth remnant after a pulpotomy was performed. The laboratory study was conducted on 56 extracted incisors. Teeth were divided equally into four groups: Group I – Uncomplicated crown fracture + wet medium; Group II – Uncomplicated crown fracture + dry medium; Group III – Complicated crown fracture + wet medium, and Group IV – Complicated crown fracture + dry medium. The fragments were then reattached in a manner that was similar to that used in the clinical study. The restored teeth were then re‐fractured. All data were analyzed statistically.Results: In the clinical study, the restored teeth were followed up for 2 years. Neither the type of trauma nor the storage medium had any significant effect on the survival, color, and bond strength of the restored teeth when assessed in the clinical and laboratory study. The color disharmony that was encountered initially in restored teeth resolved significantly on its own accord within 12 months after reattachment of the fragment.Conclusion: Fragment reattachment can be used to treat fractured teeth successfully in children and adolescents.
Oral candidiasis mimicking an oral squamous cell carcinoma: report of a case
Authors: Pontes Hélder Antônio Rebelo , Paiva Helena Borges , de Freitas Silva Brunno Santos , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , da Silva Fernanda Bragança Monteiro , Pontes Flávia Sirotheau Corrêa , dos Santos Pinto Décio 
Published: July 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00371.xOral candidiasis mimicking an oral squamous cell carcinoma: report of a caseOral candidiasis is a significant problem in immune‐compromised patients. The most common forms of mucosal candidiasis are oropharyngeal, oesophageal and vaginal, and more than 90% of HIV positive persons will manifest at least one episode of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Local and systemic factors such as uninterrupted daily use of a prosthesis by patients, smoking habit, as well as high glucose intake may contribute to the development of the lesion. The aim of this article is to report an uncommon case of oral candidiasis presenting an aggressive clinical behaviour in a 64‐year‐old male patient, with a significant smoking habit and a medical history of non‐controlled diabetes. The lesion affected the hard and soft palate of the right side, revealing erythematous and ulcerated areas, elevated borders and central portions resembling necrosis, mimicking the clinical features of oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the correct diagnosis of oral candidiasis was obtained after histopathological and cytological examinations and the patient was easily treated with traditional antifungal drugs and correction of his glucose levels.