bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leptin Action in the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Increases Sympathetic Tone to Brown Adipose Tissue in Spite of Systemic Leptin Resistance
Authors: Enriori Pablo J. , Sinnayah Puspha , Simonds Stephanie E. , Garcia Rudaz Cecilia , Cowley Michael A. 
Published: August 2011

Leptin regulates body weight in mice by decreasing appetite and increasing sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), which increases energy expenditure in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT). Diet-induced obese mice (DIO) are resistant to the anorectic actions of leptin. We evaluated whether leptin still stimulated sympathetic outflow in DIO mice. We measured iBAT temperature as a marker of SNA. We found that obese hyperleptinemic mice have higher iBAT temperature than mice on regular diet. Conversely, obese leptin-deficientob/obmice have lower iBAT temperature. Additionally, leptin increased SNA in obese (DIO andob/ob) and control mice, despite DIO mice being resistant to anorectic action of leptin. We demonstrated that neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) of DIO mice mediate the thermogenic responses to hyperleptinemia in obese mammals because blockade of leptin receptors in the DMH prevented the thermogenic effects of leptin.Peripheral Melotan II (MTII) injection increased iBAT temperature, but it was blunted by blockade of DMH melanocortin receptors (MC4Rs) by injecting agouti-related peptide (AgRP) directly into the DMH, suggesting a physiological role of the DMH on temperature regulation in animals with normal body weight. Nevertheless, obese mice without a functional melanocortin system (MC4R KO mice) have an increased sympathetic outflow to iBAT compared with their littermates, suggesting that higher leptin levels drive sympathoexcitation to iBAT by a melanocortin-independent pathway.Because the sympathetic nervous system contributes in regulating blood pressure, heart rate, and hepatic glucose production, selective leptin resistance may be a crucial mechanism linking adiposity and metabolic syndrome.
Cognition-Focused Interventions for Older Adults: the State of Play
Authors: Vidovich Mandy , Almeida Osvaldo P. 
Published: August 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to review and discuss the evidence supporting the use of cognition-focused interventions to enhance mental function and decrease the risk of dementia. Method: A non-quantitative review was made of existing evidence supporting the use of cognitive stimulation, rehabilitation and training in enhancing mental function and decreasing the risk of dementia in later life. Results: Despite growing popularity, there is limited evidence from randomized trials to support the use of cognition-focused interventions to decrease the rate of cognitive decline associated with increasing age or with dementia. There is currently no evidence available from randomized trials to support the use of cognition-focused interventions to prevent dementia. Conclusions: Sufficiently powered randomized trials of cognition-focused interventions designed to prevent dementia and limit the progression of cognitive decline in later life are needed before these programs are adopted in normal routine clinical practice.
A Psychodynamic Formulation Masterclass With Nancy Mcwilliams
Authors: Le Feuvre Charles , Halasz George 
Published: August 2011

Objective: The aim of this paper was to assess the value of a psychodynamic formulation masterclass. Method: Formal feedback from the presenters at a masterclass at the 2010 RANZCP Congress was obtained and arranged under different themes. Results: The importance of counter-transference, reevaluating the case and supervision, witnessing the skill of an expert, the sense of containment and validation, and the importance of formulation were significant themes that emerged. Conclusions: The results provided evidence both for the importance of psychodynamic formulation and for the use of a psychodynamic formulation masterclass.
La société civile à l'Organisation mondiale du commerce : vers une gouvernance plus équitable ?
Authors: Canet Raphaël , Audet René 
Published: August 2011

Résumé La société civile occupe une place grandissante sur la scène internationale. En intégrant des organisations internationales fondamentales dans la régulation néolibérale des sociétés contemporaines comme l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC), la société civile réformiste entend infléchir le cours de la mondialisation néolibérale dans une perspective plus équitable, notamment à l’égard des revendications des pays du Sud et des secteurs défavorisés des sociétés concernées. Notre propos vise à comprendre dans quelle mesure le cadre d’action résultant de l’ouverture des structures institutionnelles et du mode de fonctionnement de l’OMC, notamment lors des Conférences ministérielles, permet de tenir compte des propositions de ce nouvel acteur dans l’élaboration des politiques commerciales. En somme, la gouvernance mondiale constitue-t-elle une réelle opportunité de changement des pratiques et de la culture politiques, ou se réduit-elle à une simple idéologie de légitimation d’un système mondial voué à la préservation des intérêts du secteur privé des pays du Nord ?
De la mobilisation du droit à la réalisation du droit
Authors: Roca i Escoda Marta 
Published: August 2011

Résumé À l’encontre d’une croyance légaliste qui tient l’adoption de la loi pour une garantie suffisante de son effectivité, nous visons dans cet article à montrer que la réalité du droit, ou le « droit en action », doit prendre en compte la gamme de médiations, de dispositifs et de dispositions qui permettent d’assurer la réalisation du droit, en deçà et au-delà de la seule activité du juge ou du législateur. Pour ce faire, nous présentons une recherche qui porte sur les mobilisations déployées par une association catalane de familles lesbiennes et gays (FLG), autour de l’ouverture du mariage aux personnes homosexuelles en Espagne et de l’institutionnalisation des couples homosexuels dans le contexte catalan, en prêtant attention aux actions qui vont convoquer plusieurs situations d’appel au droit, allant de sa mobilisation à l’attention portée à sa réalisation.
De la ressource intellectuelle à la cause politique
Authors: Collet Victor 
Published: August 2011

Résumé À partir d’archives locales et associatives de Nanterre, de l’observation des Oranges, association militant pour la mémoire de l’immigration, d’entretiens biographiques avec ses membres et de nombreux représentants de l’espace associatif et politique nanterrien, on se propose d’analyser les usages localisés d’Abdelmalek Sayad comme un révélateur des cadres d’intégration d’une mémoire immigrée et comme une étape singulière dans la reconnaissance par la municipalité de ses populations immigrées. La référence à Sayad, schème structurant les activités des Oranges et pas à pas les discours municipaux sur l’identité locale, se situe à l’intersection d’une pluralité de processus : côté municipal, ouverture d’un espace de légitimation des entreprises pro-immigrées par une municipalité en plein bouleversement et à la recherche de cadres adaptés pour investir la mémoire de l’immigration sans effacer la dimension ouvrière de la commune ; côté associatif, une propension particulière chez certains militants à l’autodidaxie culturelle, une confrontation avec le monde universitaire et une relative domination dans l’espace politique local. Dans ces conditions, la référence au sociologue de l’immigration s’y présente comme une ressource en forte adéquation avec les trajectoires et positions sociales des intéressés et comme une arme dans le jeu politique local. Son ambivalence fournit les clés de compréhension de sa progressive accession à l’espace public, la personnalisation et la canonisation qu’opèrent ces usages profanes accentuant in fine l’aspect politique de l’œuvre de Sayad.
Triangles of Baumslag–Solitar Groups
Authors: Allcock Daniel 
Published: August 2011

Abstract Our main result is that many triangles of Baumslag–Solitar groups collapse to finite groups, generalizing a famous example of Hirsch and other examples due to several authors. A triangle of Baumslag–Solitar groups means a group with three generators, cyclically ordered, with each generator conjugating some power of the previous one to another power. There are six parameters, occurring in pairs, and we show that the triangle fails to be developable whenever one of the parameters divides its partner, except for a few special cases. Furthermore, under fairly general conditions, the group turns out to be finite and solvable of derived length ≤ 3. We obtain a lot of information about finite quotients, even when we cannot determine developability.
Identification of cyanobacteria overwintering cells and environmental conditions causing growth: Application for preventative management
Authors: Calomeni‐Eck Alyssa J. , McQueen Andrew D. , Kinley‐Baird Ciera M. , Clyde Tony 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) formed by freshwater cyanobacteria pose risks to human and ecological health globally. Some cyanobacteria form overwintering cells that remain in the sediment during non‐ideal growth conditions and provide an inoculum for HABs during the growing season, perpetuating the cyanobacterial life cycle. Preventative management targeted at decreasing the viability of overwintering cells is an attractive strategy for limiting HAB formation and decreasing risks.

However, this approach is novel, and information is needed for sampling, identification and enumeration of overwintering cells in sediments as well as methods for determining if overwintering cells have the potential to contribute to HAB formation. Peer reviewed literature related to these topics are available; yet these data need to be synthesized and placed into the context of management. Therefore, a strategic review was conducted to inform methods and data needs for this preventative strategy.

To sample overwintering cells, corers or dredges are used to collect surficial (0–2 cm) sediment layers containing overwintering cells. Identification and enumeration of overwintering cells via light microscopy are aided by dilution, sieving, or density separation of cells from sediment. Incubation studies which simulate environmental conditions triggering akinete germination and cell growth provide evidence of overwintering cell viability.

Critical environmental conditions are light (≥0.5 μmol m−2 s−1) and temperature (20–30°C) for triggering akinete germination and growth of quiescent vegetative Microcystis sp. cells, respectively. Limited information was available on the roles of mixing and dissolved oxygen as environmental conditions for germination and growth.

Synthesized information can be used to identify potential areas of concern in which overwintering cells are contributing to HABs. Additionally, this information can be used to design incubation studies in which field collected sediments containing overwintering cells are placed in ideal environmental conditions for germination and growth and cyanobacteria transferring to the water column are measured over time. These data inform investigations of areas that are candidates for preventative management and measurements of overwintering cell responses to management.
Kalman‐based multiple sinusoids identification from intermittently missing measurements of the superimposed signal
Authors: Naik Amit Kumar , Nanda Sumanta Kumar , Upadhyay Prabhat Kumar , Singh Abhinoy Kumar 
Published: June 2024

SummaryWe consider the problem of stochastic identification of multiple sinusoids from intermittently missing measurements of superimposed signal. An alternate problem formulation is presented as estimation of amplitude and frequency of the sinusoids from missing measurements. The popularly known estimation methods, such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and cubature Kalman filter (CKF) may fail or suffer from poor accuracy if the measurements are missing. In this paper, we redesign the EKF to handle this irregularity in measurements and apply the modified EKF for the formulated estimation problem. In this regard, we introduce a modified measurement model incorporating the possibility of missing measurements. Subsequently, we rederive the relevant parameters of the EKF, such as measurement estimate, measurement error covariance, and state‐measurement cross‐covariance, for the modified measurement model. Furthermore, we rederive the posterior covariance with minimized trace and study the stability of the resulting extension of the EKF. The results reveal the superior performance of the modified EKF compared with the ordinary Gaussian filters and existing filters‐based estimation of the sinusoids in the presence of intermittently missing measurements.
Nanoporous, Gas Permeable PEGDA Ink for 3D Printing Organ‐on‐a‐Chip Devices
Authors: Karamzadeh Vahid , Shen Molly L. , Shafique Houda , Lussier Felix , Juncker David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), commonly used in organ‐on‐a‐chip (OoC) systems, faces limitations in replicating complex geometries, hindering its effectiveness in creating 3D OoC models. In contrast, poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA‐250), favored for its fabrication ease and resistance to small molecule absorption, is increasingly used for 3D printing microfluidic devices. However, applications in cell culture have been limited due to poor cell adhesion. Here, a nanoporous PEGDA ink (P‐PEGDA) is introduced to enhance cell adhesion. P‐PEGDA is formulated with a porogen, photopolymerized, followed by the porogen removal. Utilizing P‐PEGDA, complex microstructures, and membranes as thin as 27 µm are 3D‐printed. Porogen concentrations from 10 to 30% are tested yielding constructs with increasing porosity and oxygen permeability surpassing PDMS, without compromising printing resolution. Tests across four cell lines show >80% cell viability, with a notable 77‐fold increase in MDA‐MB‐231 cell coverage on the porous scaffolds. Finally, an OoC model comprising a gyroid scaffold with a central opening filled with a cancer spheroid is introduced. This setup, after a 14 days co‐culture, demonstrates significant endothelial sprouting and integration within the spheroid. The P‐PEGDA formulation is suitable for high‐resolution 3D printing of constructs for 3D cell culture and OoC owing to its printability, gas permeability, biocompatibility, and cell adhesion.
Nanocellulose as Reaction Medium for FeCl3‐Mediated Mechanochemical Deaminative Fluorination of (Hetero)aromatic Amines
Authors: Mkrtchyan Satenik , Shalimov Oleksandr , Purohit Vishal B. , Zapletal Jiří , Prajapati Vaibhav D. , Prajapati Ronak V. , Elumalai Dhanasekar , Garcia Michael G. , Filo Juraj , Addová Gabriela , Benická Barbora , Iaroshenko Viktor O. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of an efficient alternative to the widely employed Balz‐Schiemann deaminative fluorination method (i. e. without using aryl diazonium tetrafluoroborate salt) is a challenging task. Herein, we report a convenient one‐pot method for the FeCl3‐nanocellullose mediated mechanochemical synthesis of fluoroarenes through the selective substitution of an aromatic amino group by fluorine group using pyrylium tetrafluoroborate (Pyry‐BF4) and sodium fluoride (NaF) via in situ formation of pyridinium salt intermediate. The scope of the present protocol includes synthesis of thirty‐four organofluorine compounds with excellent yields via a selective substitution (SNAr) of an amino group by fluorine. The presented concise methodology opens a pathway to access new chemical spaces for the late‐stage functionalization in pharmaceutical industries.
Advanced Development of In situ Characterization Technique for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhu Enchi , Hu Weifeng , Dong Jie , Chen Jianmei , Li Yue , Wang Longlu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from water splitting using renewable energy provides a promising solution to the global energy crisis and environmental problems. However, the lack of in‐depth understanding of the reaction mechanism and clear identification of the catalytic active site has hindered the further development of low‐cost, high‐performance, and long‐life efficient electrocatalysts. Through in situ characterization techniques, the activity and stability of catalysts can be monitored in real‐time, track the structural evolution of catalytic reaction intermediates, and obtain a deep understanding of catalytic reaction mechanism, so as to feedback and guide the development and utilization of the catalyst. In this review, advanced development of in situ characterization techniques in electrocatalytic HER in recent years is summarized. In situ spectroscopy can be used to track the behavior of reaction intermediates such as adsorption, desorption, and structural evolution at the molecular level to reveal the electrocatalytic HER mechanism. The imaging techniques can be used to observe the evolution of material structure during HER in situ, which provides valuable information for the understanding of visualization of catalytic hydrogen evolution at atomic level. This review contributes to theadvanced development of in situ characterization technique for electrocatalytic HER.
HPK1 Dysregulation‐Associated NK Cell Dysfunction and Defective Expansion Promotes Metastatic Melanoma Progression
Authors: Choi Woo Seon , Kwon Hyung‐Joon , Yi Eunbi , Lee Haeun , Kim Jung Min , Park Hyo Jin , Choi Eun Ji , Choi Myoung Eun , Sung Young Hoon , Won Chong Hyun , Sung Chang Ohk , Kim Hun Sik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDistant metastasis, the leading cause of cancer death, is efficiently kept in check by immune surveillance. Studies have uncovered peripheral natural killer (NK) cells as key antimetastatic effectors and their dysregulation during metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism governing NK cell dysfunction links to metastasis remains elusive. Herein, MAP4K1 encoding HPK1 is aberrantly overexpressed in dysfunctional NK cells in the periphery and the metastatic site. Conditional HPK1 overexpression in NK cells suffices to exacerbate melanoma lung metastasis but not primary tumor growth. Conversely, MAP4K1‐deficient mice are resistant to metastasis and further protected by combined immune‐checkpoint inhibitors. Mechanistically, HPK1 restrains NK cell cytotoxicity and expansion via activating receptors. Likewise, HPK1 limits human NK cell activation and associates with melanoma NK cell dysfunction couples to TGF‐β1 and patient response to immune checkpoint therapy. Thus, HPK1 is an intracellular checkpoint controlling NK‐target cell responses, which is dysregulated and hijacked by tumors during metastatic progression.
Monodisperse Manganese‐Vanadium‐Oxo Clusters with Extraordinary Lithium Storage
Authors: Tang Wensi , Qiu Tianyu , Hu Zhiyuan , Li Yingqi , Yao Ruiqi , Wang Yonghui , Lang Xingyou , Tan Huaqiao , Li Yangguang , Jiang Qing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough possessing well‐defined nanostructures and excellent multi‐electron redox properties, polyoxometalate clusters have poor intrinsic electrical conductivity and are prone to aggregation due to large surface energy, which makes them difficult to be fully utilized when applying as electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. In this paper, monodisperse K7MnV13O38 (MnV13) clusters are achieved by rationally utilizing nano‐sized high conductive carbon dots (CDs) as stabilizers. Benefiting from the fully exposed redox sites of MnV13 clusters (high utilization rate) and sufficient interfaces with carbon dots (extra interfacial energy storage), the optimized MnV13/10CDs anode delivers a high discharge capacity up to 1348 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and exhibits superb rate/cycling capabilities. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations verify that ionic archway channels are formed between MnV13 and CDs, eliminating the bandgap and greatly improving the electron/ion conductivity of MnV13 and CDs. This paper paves a brand‐new way for synthesis of monodisperse clusters and maximization of extra interfacial energy storage.
Highly Promising 2D/1D BP‐C/CNT Bionic Opto‐Olfactory Co‐Sensory Artificial Synapses for Multisensory Integration
Authors: Dong Liyan , Xue Baojing , Wei Guodong , Yuan Shuai , Chen Mi , Liu Yue , Su Ying , Niu Yong , Xu Bingshe , Wang Pan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of high‐performance artificial synaptic neuromorphic devices poses a significant challenge in the creation of biomimetic sensing neural systems that seamlessly integrate both sensory and computational functionalities. In pursuit of this objective, promising bionic opto‐olfactory co‐sensory artificial synapse devices are constructed utilizing the BP‐C/CNT (2D/1D) hybrid filter membrane as the resistive layer. Experimental results demonstrated that the devices seamlessly integrated the light modulation, gas detection, and biological synaptic functions into a single device while addressing the challenge with separating artificial synaptic devices from sensors. These devices offered the following advantages: 1) Simulating visual synapses, they can effectively replicate fundamental synaptic functions under both electrical and optical stimulation. 2) By emulating olfactory synapse responses to specific gases, they can achieve ultra‐low detection limits and rapid identification of ethanol and acetone gases. 3) They enable photo‐olfactory co‐sensing simulations that mimic synaptic function under light‐modulated pulse conditions in distinct gas environments, facilitating the study of synaptic learning rules and Pavlovian responses. This work provides a pioneering approach for exploring highly stable 2D BP‐based optoelectronics and advancing the development of biomimetic neural systems.