bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Edema Associated with Meningiomas
Authors: Gilbert Joseph J. , Paulseth Erik J. , Coates Robert K. , Malott David 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The cerebral edema, as judged by computed tomographic scan, associated with supratentorial meningiomas was assessed in 55 cases. No relationship to the occurrence or the degree of edema could be established with respect to meningioma location, histological type, tumor vascularity, cellularity, number of mitotic figures, necrosis, calcification, or cortical invasion. The larger the meningioma, the more likely the presence of and the severity of cerebral edema. The edema is a significant factor in the occurrence of clinical signs and symptoms. A biopsy of cerebral cortex and white matter underlying a transitional meningioma in a patient with associated cerebral edema demonstrated perivascular astrocytic end-feet swelling in the cortex and considerable extracellular fluid in the white matter. The ultrastructural appearance is similar to that seen with primary and metastatic brain tumors and with experimental vasogenic cerebral edema.
Bromocriptine Treatment of Prolactin-secreting Tumors: Surgical Implications
Authors: Weiss Martin H. , Wycoff Robert R. , Yadley Richard , Gott Peggy , Feldon Steven , Feldon Steven 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Ten of 19 patients with Stage III-IV prolactin-secreting tumors experienced significant reduction in the size of the tumor when treated with therapeutic doses of bromocriptine. Those tumors that responded favorably to preoperative pharmacological manipulation were found to have an improved surgical cure rate. These preliminary data suggest that a preoperative effort to reduce the size of large prolactin-secreting tumors may result in significant improvement of our surgical ventures.
Successful Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas with Chemotherapy after Osmotic Blood-Brain Barrier Opening
Authors: Neuwelt Edward A. , Balaban Edward , Diehl Jan , Hill Suellen , Frenkel Eugene 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Three patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma have had major tumor regression with multiagent chemotherapy given in association with reversible blood-brain barrier opening used to enhance drug delivery to the tumor. In addition, in one patient barrier modification was carried out in the posterior fossa by mannitol infusion into the vertebral artery without untoward effects, an approach not heretofore accomplished. Computed tomographic (CT) studies documented that discontinuation of steroids rapidly effected an increase in the delivery of contrast agent to the tumor. CT monitoring of the degree of barrier modification showed tumor nodules and tumor size not apparent on the control scans, thereby providing additional evidence of the existence of a blood-brain barrier in CNS tumors. These studies further show that drug (contrast) delivery to the tumor, as well as to the surrounding barrier, is enhanced after reversible blood-brain barrier modification. Finally, chemotherapy administered by this approach resulted in defined, objective tumor responses in these three patients.
Experience with the Suction-Irrigation Technique in the Management of Spinal Epidural Infection
Authors: Garrido Eddy , Rosenwasser Robert H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Nine patients with spinal epidural infection were managed with the suction-irrigation technique with excellent healing of the incision by primary intention in every case. The patients have been followed for 3 to 40 months. One patient developed a subcutaneous stitch abscess, which was treated by removal of the suture material. The surgical technique is described.
Bilateral Facet to Spinous Process Fusion: A New Technique for Posterior Spinal Fusion after Trauma
Authors: Cahill David W. , Bellegarrigue Roberto , Ducker Thomas B. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A variety of options exist for the treatment of fracture/dislocation of the cervical spine, including prolonged traction immobilization, immobilization in an external device, and open surgical fusion. In cases of facet dislocation and flexion/compression injuries, the authors have found that surgical fusion is the most useful. However, in cases of facet fracture or disruption of the posterior neural arch, routine interspinous wiring techniques do not provide adequate rotational stability and may allow postsurgical redislocation before bony fusion. For these cases, a new technique using bilateral facet to spine wire loops has been developed. In the 25 cases reported here, the technique provided excellent stability against anterior horizontal displacements and rotational dislocations despite unilateral or bilateral facet fracture or disruption of the posterior neural arch.
Acrylic Stabilization of the Cervical Spine for Neoplastic Disease: Evolution of a Technique for Vertebral Body Replacement
Authors: Chadduck William M. , Boop Warren C. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The resection of collapsed cervical vertebral bodies affected by malignant lytic lesions often requires innovative methods for stabilization. Over the years, immediate stabilization of the cervical spine has been achieved with acrylic bridges, preformed metallic placement bodies, fibular strut grafts, and other aids. Because acrylic bonds poorly to adjacent bony structures, techniques to assure the adequate fixation of an acrylic bridge between resected vertebral bodies are needed. The possible progression of disease in adjacent bone prompts us to maximize the amount of internal fixation with rods or pins to assure stability. Lasting stability has become more important as the longevity of cancer patients has been increased by multimodality therapy. We report our technique for treating cancer patients with acrylic and pin fixation of the cervical spine after vertebral body excision by the anterior route. Certain modifications of the technique may have advantages over previously reported procedures. Our series of six cases demonstrates the evolution of a technique that allows relatively rapid and easy decompression of the cervical spinal cord and provides immediate stability of the cervical spine. Our indications and contraindications for this procedure are also discussed.
Scarring around Cervical Epidural Stimulating Electrode
Authors: Reynolds Arden F. , Shetter Andrew G. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Scarring around the electrically stimulating electrodes has been of concern since dorsal column stimulation was introduced. This concern resurfaced in the days of cerebellar electrodes and, with the advent of epidural stimulating techniques for the control of pain and spasticity, it again arises as a potential problem. We present a patient who underwent the placement of a C-2-C-4 electrode to treat torticollis; 3 months later, a mild spastic quadriparesis developed and the stimulation became ineffective. At reexploration, dense scar surrounded the electrode and confined the cervical spinal cord. With microdissection techniques, the scar was removed from the dura mater and the dura began to pulsate freely. The quadriparesis reversed. Examination of the scar tissue microscopically showed linearly arrayed fibroblastic nuclei, and we are uncertain whether the exuberant fibroblastic response is a response to electrical stimulation, the materials used in the electrode, or some technical aspects of the operation.
Pneumocephalus Secondary to Spontaneous Bronchial-Subarachnoid Fistula
Authors: Swaid Swaid N. , Windham Thomas L. , Morawetz Richard B. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We describe a patient in whom pneumocephalus appeared spontaneously, resulting from a communication between the bronchial tree and the thoracic subarachnoid space in association with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The communication was demonstrated by myelography and obliterated surgically. A review of the literature is included.
Glioblastoma Multiforme after Radiotherapy for Acromegaly
Authors: Piatt Joseph H. , Blue James M. , Schold S. Clifford , Burger Peter C. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of glioblastoma multiforme that occurred 14 years after radiotherapy for acromegaly is presented. The striking correspondence between the anatomy of the tumor and the geometry of the radiation ports is suggestive of a causal relationship. Previously reported cases of radiation-associated glioma are reviewed, and a brief appraisal of the evidence for induction of these lesions by radiation is presented. The differentiation of radiation-associated neoplasms from radionecrosis is also discussed.
Posterior Dural Arteriovenous Malformations in Infancy
Authors: Albright Leland A. , Latchaw Richard E. , Price Robert A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A 23-month-old infant with an extensive dural arteriovenous malformation (AVM) developed a heart murmur and cardiomegaly. The AVM involved the occipital and suboccipital dura mater and the tentorium, bilaterally. We embolized the AVM with Gelfoam and polyvinyl alcohol particulates, subtotally resected it, and embolized residual vessels with isobutyl cyanoacrylate, In spite of this extensive therapy, the malformation was not totally eradicated and an occipital pial AVM developed. This infant and the eight infants with posterior dural AVMs reported previously emphasize the difficulty of eradicating these lesions in infancy. We contrast the clinical features and therapy of infants and adults with posterior dural AVMs. Infants develop heart failure and cranial bruits beacause of arteriovenous shunts, whereas adults complain of headache and intracranial bruits. Infants need therapy to prevent progressive heart failure, intracranial hypertension, and perhaps cerebral ischemia. Ligation of arterial tributaries is inadequate therapy for these lesions. Embolization and resection of the malformation, when feasible, offers the best chance of curing posterior dural AVMs with extensive arterial tributaries.
Multicentric Glioma as a Cause of Multiple Cerebral Lesions
Authors: Chadduck William M. , Roycroft David , Brown Michael W. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Two new cases of multicentric glioblastoma are presented to re-emphasize the needs (a) to consider this diagnosis in patients with multiple intracerebral lesions suggesting metastases or abscesses and (b) to consider prompt biopsy of accessible lesions in these patients.
Role of Multiple Cerebral Microthrombosis in Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm: With a Case Report
Authors: Suzuki Shigeharu , Suzuki Mikio , Iwabuchi Takashi , Kamata Yoshimasa 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In our studies of the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm, we have been emphasizing that microthrombosis may play an important role in the induction of cerebral ischemic symptoms or cerebral infarction. In this report, multiple microthrombi are demonstrated histologically to be a major cause of cerebral infarction in the autopsied brain of a 63-year-old woman who died from typical cerebral vasospasm that occurred after the rupture of an anterior communication artery aneurysm. We discuss the significance of thrombus formation and subarachnoid perivascular acidosis in vasospasm.
Congenital Extradural Cyst of the Orbital Optic Nerve: Case Report
Authors: Celli Paolo , Palma L. , Palatisky E. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A rare congenital arachnoid cyst of the orbital optic nerve affecting a 5-year-old boy is described and the relevant literature is reviewed. On the basis of the macro- and microscopic features of the reported case, an analogy is suggested between the observed optic nerve cyst and the extradural arachnoid cyst of the spinal canal, Moreover, the hypotheses put forward to explain the pathogenesis of spinal extradural arachnoid cysts may also account for the exceptional appearance of a similar cyst in the orbital portion of the optic nerve.
Spontaneous Saphenous Neuralgia
Authors: Luerssen Thomas G. , Campbell Robert L. , Defalque Ray J. , Worth Robert M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Six patients representing seven cases of spontaneous (nontraumatic) saphenous neuralgia secondary to entrapment of the nerve in the subsartorial canal are presented. All patients complained of medial knee and leg pain. Clinical findings included tenderness over the subsartorial canal and sensory changes in the cutaneous distribution of one or both terminal branches of the saphenous nerve. The diagnosis was confirmed by saphenous nerve block in all cases. All patients were treated operatively, which resulted in symptomatic improvement. All six patients initially underwent external neurolysis; however, three patients required saphenous neurectomy for recurrent symptoms. Saphenous neuralgia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of medial lower extremity pain.
Management of Hydrocephalus Secondary to Intraventricular Hemorrhage in the Preterm Infant with a Subcutaneous Ventricular Catheter Reservoir
Authors: McComb Gordon J. , Ramos Angela D. , Platzker Arnold C. G. , Henderson Diane J. , Segall Hervey D. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
To control hydrocephalus resulting from massive intraventricular hemorrhage in premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, we inserted a specially designed low profile subcutaneous ventricular catheter reservoir (reservoir) by the 12th day of life (average; range, 3 to 30 days) in 20 neonates whose mean birth weight was 1110 ± 270 g (28.7 ± 1.6 weeks of gestation). The reservoir was repeatedly aspirated over 10 to 48 days. No cerebrospinal fluid infection, reservoir obstruction, or breakdown of the skin overlying the reservoir occurred. Serial computed tomographic scans documented control of the hydrocephalus and an increase in the thickness of the cortical mantle of the survivors. No mortality was associated with placement of the reservoir or its subsequent conversion, if necessary, to a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. However, only 7 of the 20 infants survived. On follow-up 3 to 5 years later, 2 of the 7 have normal intellectual and motor development. Two infants are normal intellectually, but have a motor deficit. The remaining 3 patients have both significant intellectual and motor developmental delay. The use of the reservoir is offered as a safe and effective alternative to repeated ventricular punctures, external ventricular drainage, or initial shunting. Aggressive management of hydrocephalus secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage may improve neurological function in some surviving neonates.
Fatal Complication of the “Bonnet Bypass”: Case Report
Authors: Garrido Eddy , Freed Michael H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A patient with transient ischemic attacks and an occluded right common carotid artery underwent a left superficial temporal artery to right middle cerebral artery vein graft (bonnet bypass). One week after operation, minor trauma to the scalp caused avulsion of the anastomosis and a massive fatal acute subdural hematoma. The mechanism of the vascular avulsion and precautions to be taken to avoid such problems in other patients undergoing this procedure are discussed.
Spinal Extradural Benign Synovial or Ganglion Cyst: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pendleton Bruce , Carl Barton , Pollay Michael 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A lumbar spinal extradural ganglion cyst is reported, and the world literature on spinal ganglion cysts is reviewed. The clinical presentation, findings, etiology, and pathogenesis of these lesions are discussed.
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Mimicking a Meningioma
Authors: Killebrew K. , Krigman M. , Mahaley M. S. , Scatliff J. H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We report a patient with renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the left trigone, which mimicked an intraventricular meningioma. The metastasis was recognized 13 years after removal of the primary tumor, a longer disease-free interval than any previously reported cases with brain metastases of renal cell carcinoma. The patient is now free of disease 4 years after resection and 17 years after the discovery of the primary tumor. Metastatic disease should be considered in all patients with prior resection of renal cell carcinoma who experience the onset of neurological disease, even after a prolonged disease-free interval. Long term survival is observed after the resection of solitary metastases, particularly if these appear after a prolonged disease-free interval.
An Unusual Late Complication of Acrylic Spinal Fusion: Case Report
Authors: Jordan Steve E. , Bremer Alfonso M. , Nguyen Tai Q. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The authors report an unusual complication after posterior cervical spine fusion utilizing methyl methacrylate and metallic pins. Eight months postoperatively, the patient noticed a subcutaneous foreign body in the right side of the neck. Radiographic and operative findings confirmed the clinical impression of migration of one of the metallic pins.
Posterior-Lateral Foraminotomy as an Exclusive Operative Technique for Cervical Radiculopathy: A Review of 846 Consecutively Operated Cases
Authors: Henderson Charles M. , Hennessy Robert G. , Shuey Henry M. , Shackelford E. Grant 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Between 1963 and 1980, one or more posterior-lateral foraminotomies were performed for simple cervical radiculopathy as the sole operative procedure for 736 patients. One hundred three patients (14%) required a second posterior procedure, but only 24 (3%) cases represented true recurrent radiculopathy. There were 13 minor complications (1.5%) and no deaths or detectable incidence of air embolism. All operations were done with the patient in the sitting position. Central venous pressure monitoring was used only infrequently. There was a 96% incidence of relief of significant arm pain and/or paresthesia and a 98% incidence of resolution of preoperatively present motor deficit. Eight hundred twenty-eight procedures (98%) were preceded by Pantopaque cervical myelography. There was a 71.5% incidence of correlation between preoperative clinical findings (both sensory and motor) and operative findings. In 13% of the cases, two spaces were thought by the operating surgeon to be equally involved by the spondylotic process. Most (91.5%) of the patients describe themselves as either “good or excellent” postoperatively. There was no significant difference postoperatively regarding results or recurrence between patients with suspected soft or hard disc protrusions and those with strictly spondylotic radiculopathy. Nor was there any statistical difference in results among the three patient population groups (“private” vs. compensation vs. liability). The mean length of time to return to work or other “normal” activities was 9.4 weeks. The mean length of follow-up time was 146 weeks (2.8 years). There was an associated incidence of significant lumbar disc and/or foraminal disease requiring operation of 33.4%.
Angiographic Demonstration of Postoperative Cortical Artery Stenosis Induced by Biemer Temporary Clips
Authors: Fein Jack M. , Dujovny Manuel , Kossovsky Nir 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Five patients underwent cerebral revascularization operations during which Biemer clips were used to occlude temporarily a branch of the middle cerebral artery. Postoperative angiograms revealed stenoses at the sites where the clips were applied. Excessive clip closing forces may have caused significant endothelial injury, which then produced the stenoses. Clips that exert a minimal occlusive force would avoid this response and are recommended for temporary occlusion of cortical arteries.
Percutaneous Discectomy: An Alternative to Chemonucleolysis?
Authors: Friedman William A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
At the University of Florida, a new technique for lumbar disc removal, called percutaneous discectomy, has been explored. This procedure may be performed under general or local anesthesia, frequently takes less than 15 minutes, and is generally bloodless. The patient selection process and the surgical technique are presented in detail. A total of nine patients have undergone percutaneous discectomy. Seven had clear radiculopathies with appropriate radiographic findings, and they all have had excellent relief of symptoms. Two patients presented with intractable low back pain, bilateral mechanical findings, and central disc herniations on radiographic examination. One experienced good relief and one did not. Three patients had several days of paraspinous spasm after the procedure, and one complained of a lower extremity dysesthetic sensation that persisted for several weeks after operation. Our early experience with percutaneous discectomy suggests that it is a technically easy procedure that may prove, in carefully selected cases, to be a viable alternative to other discectomy techniques.
Use of an Anal Sphincter Pressure Monitor during Operations on the Sacral Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots
Authors: Pang Dachling , Casey Kenneth 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The distinction of sacral roots and conus medullaris from lipoma, fibrous adhesions, and an abnormally thickened filum terminale can be difficult during operations on certain complicated dysraphic lesions. We describe a simple, noninvasive method of monitoring external anal sphincter “squeeze pressure” by means of an elongated, fluid-filled, polyethylene anal balloon connected to a pressure transducer. Cutaneous electrocardiographic (ECG) leads on both hips register the stimulus artifact from a monopolar nerve stimulator. The simultaneous display on the oscilloscope screen of the stimulus artifact and the resultant pressure response form an electromechanical coupling that allows the operator to identify a faulty stimulator probe and to distinguish true stimulus-induced external anal sphincter activity from spontaneous rhythmic contractions of the internal anal sphincter. Unilateral stimulation of the S-2, S-3, and S-4 roots generates tall pressure spikes between 40 and 75 torr in peak amplitudes, whereas S-1 and L-5 stimulation produces a stimulus artifact on the ECG but either no pressure response or a mere “ripple wave” of less than 7 torr. During operations on 11 patients with various dysraphic lesions, the S-2, S-3, and S-4 roots were identified easily and preserved, and the caudal extent of functioning neurons was localized within coni grossly distorted by intramedullary lipoma or chronic tethering. We prefer the anal sphincter pressure monitor to anal sphincter electromyography because of its simplicity, the inexpensive equipment, and its noise-free display that is virtually unaffected by other electronic systems in the operating room.
Primary Malignant Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Gasserian Ganglion: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Levy W.J. , Ansbacher L. , Byer J. , Nutkiewicz A. , Fratkin J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Primary tumors of the gasserian ganglion are usually benign, and secondary tumors are malignant. We report two cases of a malignant primary tumor of the gasserian ganglion, bringing the total in the world literature to five. The presentation, etiological features, and treatment of these cases are reviewed, together with a review of the literature. Preoperative differentiation from a benign tumor is not possible with certainty. A combination of operation and radiation therapy seems to be the best treatment at present.
Spinal Cord Arteriovenous Malformations Associated with Spinal Aneurysms
Authors: Miyamoto Susumu , Kikuchi Haruhiko , Karasawa Jun , Ikota Toshio , Nagata Izumi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Two patients with spinal cord arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) had coexisting spinal aneurysms on their main feeding arteries. The angiographic disappearance of these coexisting aneurysms after artificial embolization of the spinal cord AVMs suggests that hemodynamic stress is the important factor in the development of spinal aneurysms. The incidence of hemorrhage increases when spinal cord AVM is associated with spinal aneurysm.