bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should symptom frequency be factored into scalar measures of alcohol use disorder severity?
Authors: Dawson Deborah A. , Grant Bridget F. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTAims  To evaluate whether weighting counts of alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria or symptoms by their frequency of occurrence improves their association with correlates of AUD.Design and participants  Data were collected in personal interviews with a representative sample of US adults interviewed in 1991–92. Analyses were conducted among past‐year drinkers (12+ drinks, n = 18 352) and individuals with past‐year DSM‐IV AUD (n = 2770).Measurements  Thirty‐one symptom item indicators, whose frequency of occurrence was measured in eight categories, were used to create unweighted and frequency‐weighted counts of DSM‐IV past‐year AUD symptoms and criteria. Correlates included density of familial alcoholism and past‐year volume of ethanol intake, frequency of intoxication and utilization of alcohol treatment.Findings  Although the AUD correlates were associated strongly and positively with the frequency of AUD symptom occurrence, weighting for symptom frequency did not strengthen their association consistently with AUD severity scores. Improved performance of the weighted scores was observed primarily among AUD correlates linked closely with the frequency of heavy drinking and among individuals with AUD. Criterion counts were correlated nearly as strongly as symptom counts with the AUD correlates.Conclusions  Frequency weighting may add somewhat to the validity of AUD severity measures, especially those that are intended for use among individuals with AUD, e.g. in clinical settings. For studying the etiology and course of AUD in the general population, an equally effective and less time‐consuming alternative to obtaining symptom frequency may be the use of unweighted criterion counts accompanied by independent measures of frequency of heavy drinking.
Methods for measuring abdominal obesity in the prediction of severe acute pancreatitis, and their correlation with abdominal fat areas assessed by computed tomography
Authors: Duarte‐Rojo A. , Sosa‐Lozano L. A. , Saúl Á. , Herrera‐Cáceres J. O. , Hernández‐Cárdenas C. , Vázquez‐Lamadrid J. , Robles‐Díaz G. 
Published: June 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 244–253SummaryBackground  Obesity increases the risk for severe acute pancreatitis, although abdominal obesity may be a better prognostic marker.Aim  To determine if a single anthropometric parameter best predicts severe acute pancreatitis and correlates with intra‐abdominal fat.Methods  Ninety‐nine patients with acute pancreatitis were studied prospectively. Anthropometry included body mass index (BMI) and girths (umbilical/minimum waist, iliac/trochanter hip, thigh). Several waist‐to‐hip/waist‐to‐thigh ratios (WHR/WTR) were constructed. A CT‐scan with calculation of cross‐sectional abdominal fat areas was obtained in 37 cases.Results  Severe acute pancreatitis occurred in 25 patients. Waist circumference (WC), WHR and WTR – all using the umbilical reference – most accurately predicted severe acute pancreatitis. Only umbilical WC was retained in multivariate analysis: the risk for severe acute pancreatitis increased 16% with every 1 cm (OR 1.16, 95%CI: 1.1–1.3). Abdominal obesity caused a 6‐fold increase in risk. Umbilical WC correlated best with subcutaneous fat area (r = 0.791, P < 0.001), whereas WHR with intra‐abdominal (r = 0.594, P < 0.001).Conclusions  Abdominal obesity according to umbilical WC is a better predictor for development of severe acute pancreatitis than BMI, minimum WC, WHR and WTR. The protocol for anthropometry must be standardized as it may affect results. Both subcutaneous and intra‐abdominal fat appears to affect the likelihood of a severe outcome.
Discrepancy between recalled and recorded bowel habits in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Coletta M. , Di Palma L. , Tomba C. , Basilisco G. 
Published: June 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 282ash;288SummaryBackground  A discrepancy between recalled and recorded bowel habit subtypes has been reported in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the reasons for it remain unclear.Aim  To assess the agreement between recalled and recorded bowel habit subtypes; to determine whether any discrepancy is related to stool form variability or psychological factors; and to test the correlations of recalled and recorded stool form with colonic transit time.Methods  Bowel habit subtype was established in 54 IBS patients at the enrolment visit (recalled) and with the aid of diary cards (recorded). Colonic transit time, the variability of stool form and the patients’ psychological profiles were also recorded.Results  Recalled and recorded bowel habit subtypes agreed in only 54% of the patients (kappa = 0.28). Stool form variability was greater among the patients whose recalled and recorded bowel habit subtypes were discordant (P = 0.03), whereas the psychological profiles were not different. Colonic transit time significantly correlated with stool form only when it was recorded on diary cards.Conclusion  The discrepancy between recalled and recorded bowel habits in IBS patients is related more to stool form variability than an altered psychological profile. Diary cards should be used to ensure that stool form reflects colonic transit time.
Meta‐analysis: randomized controlled trials of 4‐L polyethylene glycol and sodium phosphate solution as bowel preparation for colonoscopy
Authors: Juluri R. , Eckert G. , Imperiale T. F. 
Published: June 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther2010;32:171–181SummaryBackground Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing polyethylene glycol (PEG) with sodium phosphate (NaP) are inconsistent.Aim To compare the efficacy of and tolerance to PEG vs. NaP for bowel preparation.Methods We used MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify English‐language RCTs published between 1990 and 2008 comparing 4‐L PEG with two 45 mL doses of NaP in adults undergoing elective colonoscopy. We calculated the pooled odds ratios (ORs) for preparation quality and proportion of subjects completing the preparation.Results From 18 trials (n = 2792), subjects receiving NaP were more likely to have an excellent or good quality preparation than those receiving PEG (82% vs. 77%; OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.01–2.00). Among a subgroup of 10 trials in which prep quality was reported in greater detail, there were no differences in the proportions of excellent, good, fair or poor preparation quality. Among nine trials that assessed preparation completion rates, patients receiving NaP were more likely to complete the preparation than patients receiving 4‐L PEG (3.9% vs. 9.8% respectively did not complete the preparation; OR = 0.40; CI, 0.17–0.88).Conclusion Among 18 head‐to‐head RCTs of NaP vs. 4‐L PEG, NaP was more likely to be completed and to result in an excellent or good quality preparation.
Review article: malignancy on thiopurine treatment with special reference to inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Smith M. A. , Irving P. M. , Marinaki A. M. , Sanderson J. D. 
Published: June 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther2010;32:119–130SummaryBackground Immunosuppression is a risk factor for carcinogenesis. Thiopurines specifically contribute to this. As thiopurines are used more aggressively in the treatment of IBD, it is likely that we will see more thiopurine‐related malignancy.Aim To review the literature, exploring how immunosuppression,thiopurines specifically, might cause cancer and which malignancies occur in practice, placing specific emphasis on IBD cohorts.Methods Search terms included ‘malignancy’‘cancer’‘azathioprine’‘mercaptopurine’‘tioguanine (thioguanine)’‘thiopurine’ and ‘inflammatory bowel disease’‘Crohn’s disease’‘ulcerative colitis’. We also searched for specific cancers (lymphoma, colorectal cancer, skin cancer, cervical cancer) and reviewed the reference lists of the articles detected.Results Immunosuppression is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Thiopurines are associated with specific additional risks. In IBD cohorts, very few thiopurine‐related malignancies have been reported. However, studies suggest a relative risk of 4–5 for lymphoma. This still translates into a low actual risk, (one extra lymphoma in every 300–1400 years of thiopurine treatment).Conclusions Whilst we must be aware of this risk and counsel our patients appropriately, thiopurines remain a mainstay of IBD therapy. We present practical advice aimed at minimizing our patients’ risk of developing malignancy, whilst optimizing the benefits that thiopurines can provide.
Predictive factors of bleeding related to post‐banding ulcer following endoscopic variceal ligation in cirrhotic patients: a case‐control study
Authors: Vanbiervliet G. , Giudicelli‐Bornard S. , Piche T. , Berthier F. , Gelsi E. , Filippi J. , Anty R. , Arab K. , Huet P. M. , Hebuterne X. , Tran A. 
Published: June 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 225–232SummaryBackground  Life‐threatening bleeding caused by early spontaneous slippage of rubber bands has been described after variceal ligation in cirrhotic patients.Aim  To determine the predictive factors of this complication in cirrhotic patients.Methods  Among 605 patients, 21 patients (mean age 56.6 ± 13.5 years) developed 23 spontaneous band slippages with bleeding on post banding ulcer, as confirmed by endoscopy. Cirrhosis was alcoholic in 13 patients (62%), post viral hepatitis in three (14%) and from other causes in five (24%). A case‐control study was performed comparing 17 from these patients who presented the complication after a first ligation with 84 of the 584 controls who underwent first endoscopic variceal ligation without bleeding complication.Results  Bleeding occurred 13.5 days ± 7.3 (2–29) following ligation. Eleven patients died following the bleeding complication (52%). Using a multivariate analysis, previous upper variceal digestive bleeding [OR 12.07, 95%CI (2.3–63.43)], peptic oesophagitis [OR 8.9, 95%CI (1.65–47.8)], high platelet ratio index (APRI) score [OR 1.54, 95%CI (1.11–2.16)] and low prothrombin index [OR 0.54, 95% CI (0.31–0.94)] were independent predictive factors of bleeding.Conclusions  Bleeding related to post‐banding ulcer is a rare, but severe complication. The proposed predictive factors should be looked for and minimized before variceal ligation.
Thoracic paravertebral anaesthesia for awake video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery daily
Authors: Piccioni F. , Langer M. , Fumagalli L. , Haeusler E. , Conti B. , Previtali P. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThoracic paravertebral blockade has been described as an effective alternative to epidural blockade for the management of postoperative pain after thoracic surgery. Here we present what we believe is the first description of the use of thoracic paravertebral block as the sole anaesthetic for video‐assisted thoracoscopy. Two oncology patients with severe respiratory disease presented for video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Thoracic paravertebral block provided excellent surgical conditions and postoperative pain relief for these patients and allowed an optimal assessment of the anaesthetic impact on respiratory function.
Optimisation of Spirulina platensis convective drying: evaluation of phycocyanin loss and lipid oxidation
Authors: Oliveira Elizangela G. , Duarte Jessica H. , Moraes Kelly , Crexi Valeria T. , Pinto Luiz A. A. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThe aim of the study was the optimisation of Spirulina platensis drying on convective hot air through the response surface methodology. The responses were thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and phycocyanin loss percentage values in final product. Experiments were carried out in perforated tray drier with parallel air flow, and the wet samples thickness and drying air temperatures were in range of 3–7 mm and 50–70 °C, respectively. The statistical analysis showed significant effect (P < 0.05) for air temperature and samples thickness. In the best drying condition, 55 °C and 3.7 mm, presented the phycocyanin loss percentage and the TBA values of approximately 37% and 1.5 mgMDA kg−1, respectively. In this drying condition, the fatty acids composition of the microalgae Spirulina did not show significance difference (P > 0.05) in relation to fresh biomass. The lipid profile of dried product presented high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (34.4%), especially the gamma‐linolenic acid (20.6%).
Emotional intelligence of mental health nurses
Authors: van Dusseldorp Loes RLC , van Meijel Berno KG , Derksen Jan JL 
Published: June 2010

Aims.  The aim of this study is to gain insight into the level of emotional intelligence of mental health nurses in the Netherlands.Background.  The focus in research on emotional intelligence to date has been on a variety of professionals. However, little is known about emotional intelligence in mental health nurses.Method.  The emotional intelligence of 98 Dutch nurses caring for psychiatric patients is reported. Data were collected with the Bar‐On Emotional Quotient Inventory within a cross‐sectional research design.Results.  The mean level of emotional intelligence of this sample of professionals is statistically significant higher than the emotional intelligence of the general population. Female nurses score significantly higher than men on the subscales Empathy, Social Responsibility, Interpersonal Relationship, Emotional Self‐awareness, Self‐Actualisation and Assertiveness. No correlations are found between years of experience and age on the one hand and emotional intelligence on the other hand.Conclusions.  The results of this study show that nurses in psychiatric care indeed score above average in the emotional intelligence required to cope with the amount of emotional labour involved in daily mental health practice.Relevance to clinical practice.  The ascertained large range in emotional intelligence scores among the mental health nurses challenges us to investigate possible implications which higher or lower emotional intelligence levels may have on the quality of care. For instance, a possible relation between the level of emotional intelligence and the quality of the therapeutic nurse–patient relationship or the relation between the level of emotional intelligence and the manner of coping with situations characterised by a great amount of emotional labour (such as caring for patients who self‐harm or are suicidal).
Lamotrigine and hemodialysis in bipolar disorder: case analysis of dosing strategy with literature review
Authors: Kaufman Kenneth R 
Published: June 2010

Kaufman KR. Lamotrigine and hemodialysis in bipolar disorder: case analysis of dosing strategy with literature review. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 446–449. © 2010 The Author. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Medical conditions and associated procedures/treatments may impact therapeutic blood levels of pharmacologic agents in the illnesses we treat. The use of anti‐epileptic drugs in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, most commonly bipolar disorders, and epilepsy is a case in point. This report addresses the impact of hemodialysis on lamotrigine efficacy in bipolar disorder.Method:  Case analysis with literature review.Results:  A bipolar disorder patient stabilized on lamotrigine 200 mg total daily dose was admitted to the hospital with end‐stage renal disease. With three consecutive days of hemodialysis, treatment‐emergent hypomanic features were noted by the patient and confirmed in psychiatric consultation. When lamotrigine was increased to 250 mg total daily dose, the bipolar features remitted.Conclusion:  Lamotrigine titration may be required in bipolar disorder patients undergoing hemodialysis secondary to the associated hemodialysis extraction factor. Therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended in these patients.
Kainate‐induced toxicity in the hippocampus: potential role of lithium
Authors: Crespo‐Biel Natalia , Camins Antoni , Canudas Anna M , Pallàs Mercè 
Published: June 2010

Crespo‐Biel N, Camins A, Canudas AM, Pallàs M. Kainate‐induced toxicity in the hippocampus: potential role of lithium. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 425–436. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives: We investigated the neuroprotective effects of lithium in an experimental neurodegeneration model gated to kainate (KA) receptor activation.Methods: The hippocampus from KA‐treated mice and hippocampal cell cultures were used to evaluate the pathways regulated by chronic lithium pretreatment in bothin vivoandin vitromodels.Results: Treatment with KA, as measured by fragmentation of α‐spectrin and biochemically, induced the activation of calpain resulting in p35 cleavage to p25, indicating activation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) and glycogen synthase kinase‐3ß (GSK‐3ß) and an increase in tau protein phosphorylation. Treatment with lithium reduced calpain activation and reduced the effects of cdk5 and GSK‐3ß on tau. KA treatment of cultures resulted in neuronal demise. According to nuclear condensed cell counts, the addition of lithium to neuronal cell cultures (0.5–1 mM) a few days before KA treatment had neuroprotective and also antiapoptotic effects. The action of lithium on calpain/cdk5 and GSK‐3ß pathways produced similar resultsin vivo. As calpain is activated by an increase in intracellular calcium, we showed that lithium reduced calcium concentrations in basal and KA‐treated hippocampal cells, which was accompanied by an increase in NCX3, a Na+/Ca2+exchanger pump.Conclusion: A robust neuroprotective effect of lithium in the excitotoxic process induced by KA in mouse hippocampus was demonstrated via modulation of calcium entry and the subsequent inhibition of the calpain pathway. These mechanisms may act in an additive way with other mechanisms previously described for lithium, suggesting that it may be useful as a possible therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease.
The International Society for Bipolar Disorders–Battery for Assessment of Neurocognition (ISBD‐BANC)
Authors: Yatham Lakshmi N , Torres Ivan J , Malhi Gin S , Frangou Sophia , Glahn David C , Bearden Carrie E , Burdick Katherine E , Martínez‐Arán Anabel , Dittmann Sandra , Goldberg Joseph F , Ozerdem Aysegul , Aydemir Omer , Chengappa K N Roy 
Published: June 2010

Yatham LN, Torres IJ, Malhi GS, Frangou S, Glahn DC, Bearden CE, Burdick KE, Martínez‐Arán A, Dittmann S, Goldberg JF, Ozerdem A, Aydemir O, Chengappa KNR. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders–Battery for Assessment of Neurocognition (ISBD‐BANC). Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 351–363. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives: Although cognitive impairment is recognized as an important clinical feature of bipolar disorder, there is no standard cognitive battery that has been developed for use in bipolar disorder research. The aims of this paper were to identify the cognitive measures from the literature that show the greatest magnitude of impairment in bipolar disorder, to use this information to determine whether the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), developed for use in schizophrenia, might be suitable for bipolar disorder research, and to propose a preliminary battery of cognitive tests for use in bipolar disorder research.Methods: The project was conducted under the auspices of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders and involved a committee that comprised researchers with international expertise in the cognitive aspects of bipolar disorder. In order to identify cognitive tasks that show the largest magnitude of impairment in bipolar disorder, we reviewed the literature on studies assessing cognitive functioning (including social cognition) in bipolar disorder. We further provided a brief review of the cognitive overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and evaluated the degree to which tasks included in the MCCB (or other identified tasks) might be suitable for use in bipolar disorder.Results: Based on evidence that cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder are similar in pattern but less severe than in schizophrenia, it was judged that most subtests comprising the MCCB appear appropriate for use in bipolar disorder. In addition to MCCB tests, other specific measures of more complex verbal learning (e.g., the California Verbal Learning Test) or executive function (Stroop Test, Trail Making Test–part B, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) also show substantial impairment in bipolar disorder.Conclusions: Our analysis reveals that the MCCB represents a good starting point for assessing cognitive deficits in research studies of bipolar disorder, but that other tasks including more complex verbal learning measures and tests of executive function should also be considered in assessing cognitive compromise in bipolar disorder. Several promising cognitive tasks that require further study in bipolar disorder are also presented.
Cognition and disability in bipolar disorder: lessons from schizophrenia research
Authors: Harvey Philip D , Wingo Aliza P , Burdick Katherine E , Baldessarini Ross J 
Published: June 2010

Harvey PD, Wingo AP, Burdick KE, Baldessarini RJ. Cognition and disability in bipolar disorder: lessons from schizophrenia research. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 364–375. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Background:  Cognitive and functional impairments occur in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BPD), although they are usually less severe and far less studied than in schizophrenia. There may be value in applying approaches developed in schizophrenia research to study cognitive functioning among BPD patients in areas including performance‐based disability assessment, cognitive remediation treatments, enhancement of the accuracy of real‐world functioning, and studying cognition and disability in relatives.Methods:  We reviewed current research on cognitive and functional disability in BPD, noted areas of similarity and discrepancy to research on schizophrenia, and highlighted methods and approaches used to study schizophrenia that can be applied to study unmet needs of BPD patients.Results:  Research in schizophrenia increasingly separates potential functional capacity from real‐world outcome status, and has assessed contributions of cognitive impairment and other illness factors to functional outcomes. For schizophrenia, various behavioral and pharmacological treatments aimed at cognitive enhancement have been attempted, with moderate success, compared to rare studies of treatment effects on cognitive impairment in BPD. Very little research has been performed in the occurrence of cognitive impairments in first‐degree relatives of people with BPD, despite evidence that cognitive impairments may be stable traits across symptomatic status in people with BPD.Conclusions:  Research and treatment approaches developed for schizophrenia can productively be applied to the study and treatment of patients diagnosed with BPD, notably including studies of the characteristics of and treatments for functional impairment related to cognitive deficits.
The plant PRAT proteins – preprotein and amino acid transport in mitochondria and chloroplasts*
Authors: Pudelski B. , Kraus S. , Soll J. , Philippar K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe membrane proteins of the plant preprotein and amino acid transporter (PRAT) superfamily all share common structural elements, such as four membrane‐spanning α‐helices. Interestingly they display diverse localisation to outer and inner membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria. Furthermore, they fulfil different functions in preprotein translocation as well as amino acid transport across these membranes. This review summarises current knowledge on precursor protein import and amino acid transport in plastids and mitochondria and provides an overview of the distinct tasks and features of members of the PRAT superfamily in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.