bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality, Pain, Addiction: A New View in Pain Coping Strategies in Relation to Personality Traits in Substance Abusers
Authors: Homayouni A. , Khanmohammadi A. , Nikpour G.A. , Ahmadian M. , Amiri S.J. Mosavi 
Published: March 2009

Introduction and aim:According to recent research about treatment of diseases, pain coping strategies or management of pain can play important role in pain decrease and treatment of disease. But there is a few documented article or reference that imply to pain coping strategies specially in relation to personality in substance abusers. So this pilot study was to assess the relationship between pain coping strategies and personality traits in substance abusers.Method:50 addicted were randomly selected and Rosenstein & Keefe's Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire (PCSQ) and Mc Care & Costa's NEO PI-R inventory were administered on them. PCSQ assesses six pain coping strategies: diverting attention, reinterpretation pain sensation, self -negotiation, ignoring pain, disastrous thought and praying-hoping and NEO assesses five personality traits: Neuroticism, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to experience.Results:Finding showedthe are positive significant relationship between neuroticism and disastrous thought, negative significant relationship between agreeableness and disastrous thought, negative significant relationship between neuroticism and diverting attention, positive significant relationship between extroversion and conscientiousness and diverting attention.Discussion:With regard to findings it is recomended that in addition to drug treatment, for changing the attitudes and thinking in addicts, psychiatrits and psychologists apply psychological treatments specially cognitive - behaviour therapy to reduce bad and abnormal thinking level about pain so that the lenght during of treatment declince and as a results reduce the personality problems that is related with addiction before and in during drug treatment.
A Combined Trance-suggestive Method of Forming Antinarcotic Psychological Set
Authors: Iosebadze T. 
Published: March 2009

The main aim of the method:To eliminate psychological dependence of an individual on narcotics.The basic principles:1.bio-psycho-social-religious determinism of a personality;2.the principle of psychological set;3.the principle of structural-systemic approach;4.the principle of differential approach;5.the principle of complementarity of various psychotherapeutic approaches;6.the principle of creative approach;7.the principle of establishing psychotherapeutic relations with a patient;8.the principle of determinism of conscious and subconscious psychic phenomena;9.the principle of coordinated psychotherapeutic influence upon the patient's consciousness and subconscious psyche.Psychotherapeutic work stages:1.establishment of certain psychotherapeutic relations between the psychotherapist and the patient;2.psychological preparation of the patient for work on the formation of an antinarcotic set;3.revelation and work with the key components of the patient's antinarcotic set (motivation, the behaviors, the emotions, the memory, ways of self-realization, time continuum of the personality, etc.);4.psychological preparation of the patient for work on the formation of the antinarcotic set at subconscious level;5.psychotherapeutic work on the antinarcotic set at subconscious level (with the help of the combined trance-suggestive method);6.testing of the formation of antinarcotic psychological set in the personality.
Predictive Factors for Successfull Rehabilitation of the Drug Addicts: “Ligne de Vie” Association Experience
Authors: Kammoun M.-F. , Zerrouki K. , Laqueille X. 
Published: March 2009

The association “Ligne de Vie “, created in 2004 propose to help the professional rehabilitation of the ex-drug addicts. She proposes an access to a professional career and a medico-social support during two years.The aim of this work is to determine the predictive factors for a successful rehabilitation of ex drug addict's persons.Are included in this study all the subjects having taken contact with the association between September first, 2005 and on June 30, 2006. The criterion of success is the access to a helped employment and its maintenance beyond the one month trial period. This criterion makes it possible to distinguish group 1 responder from group 2 not responder.49 subjects were included. 25 were responders (group 1), 24 not responders (group 2). The average of age is 38, 56 years, 36,6 years in group 1, and 40,36 in group 2, with 68% of man in the group 1 and 75,5% in Group 2.There were a statistically significant factors for financial incomes (p=0,002), the absence of psychiatric comorbidities (p = 0,003), dependences prevailing with heroin (p = 0.02) and with the cannabis (p = 0.04). However there were no differences with the other substances, cocaine, ecstasies, and amphetamine. The substitute treatments do not appear determining, 50% in group 1 versus 76% in group 2.The absence of an acute psychiatric disorder, a poly drug-addiction with opiates and the financial motivation seems to be more determining than the setting under substitution therapy.
Low Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor of Tendency to Addiction
Authors: Khanmohammadi A. , Homayouni A. , Amiri S.J. Mosavi , Nikpour G.A. 
Published: March 2009

Aim:The study is to clarify role of emotional intelligent in addicted and nonaddicted people.Method:80 addicted and 82 nonaddicted people were randomly selected and Schutte's Self- Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSREIT) administered on them. Data were analyzed with independent T formula.Results:Results showed significant differences between components of emotional intelligent especially in regulation, expression and assessment of emotions between tow groups.Discussion:Findings indicates that applying of plans in the field of increasing emotional intelligent can help peolple with positive attitudes to addiction in order to manage the bad problems and event and as a result reduce tendency to addiction.
Challenges for Medical Models of Addiction [P01-45]
Authors: Sullivan J. , Kincaid H. 
Published: March 2009

It is standard in current neurobiological research on addiction to describe addiction as a chronic disease. Working from this perspective, much effort has gone into characterizing the symptomology of addiction and the brain changes that underlie them. Evidence for involvement of dopamine transmission changes in the ventral tagament area and nucleus accumbens have received the greatest attention. Kaur and Malenka (2007) put it well: “drugs of abuse can co-opt synaptic plasticity mechanisms in brain circuits involved in reinforcement and reward processing”.Our goal in this paper is to provide an explicit description of the assumptions of medical models, the different forms they may take, and the challenges they face in providing explanations of addiction with solid evidence. We first spell out the requirements of disease models and use them to point out ambiguities in the claims of those who defend medical models. After that, we ask to what extent DSM categorization is suitable to medical models and what aspects of the life course of addiction medical models are supposed to explain. In the third section, we note that a primary aim of the neurobiology of addiction is to localize the causes of addiction to cellular and molecular pathways in the brain's reward system. We investigate how well current neurobiological approaches approximate towards such a unified causal account of addiction, and what challenges current approaches still face. We finish with a survey of some of the important social processes in addiction and the challenges they raise for medical models.
Serotonin Transporter Concentration is Decreased in Cerebral Cortex but not in Striatum of Chronic MDMA (ecstasy) Users
Authors: Kish S.J. , McCluskey T. , Meyer J. , Warsh J.J. , Wilkins D. , Wilson A.A. , Houle S. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA) is an amphetamine derivative that is used recreationally and is now being tested in clinical trials for treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Ecstasy can damage serotonin neurones in brain of experimental animals; however, relevance of these findings to the human is debated.Aim:To measure by positron emission tomography (PET) levels of binding to the serotonin transporter (SERT), a marker of serotonin neurones, in brain of chronic ecstasy users and in matched controls.Methods:An estimate of brain SERT levels was obtained, using the PET tracer 11C-DASB, in 50 chronic (confirmed by drug hair testing) ecstasy users (mean age, 26 years; mean duration of drug use, 3.9 years; median drug withdrawal time, 38 days) and 50 (drug-hair negative) control subjects (mean age 26 years).Results:SERT binding levels in the ecstasy group were significantly decreased by 22 to 46% in frontal, temporal, cingulate, insular and occipital cortices, and by 23% in hippocampus. However, concentrations were distinctly normal in the SERT-rich caudate, putamen, ventral striatum and thalamus.Conclusion:Our imaging data suggest that cerebral cortical SERT concentration is below normal in some ecstasy users for at least one month after last use of the drug. However, it remains to be established whether low SERT might have preceded drug use, reflects actual loss of brain serotonin neurones, or is causally related to any functional impairment in the ecstasy users. (Supported by US NIH NIDA DA017301).
Drug Situation in Serbia
Authors: Kovacevic M. , Raketic D. 
Published: March 2009

There are no precize estimation of problem drug use prevalence in Serbia. The research about drug use in a whole population has been done two years ago, but the results have shown far to much underestimated results regarding problem drug use then expected. Preliminary preparations for an ESPAD survey have been done in 2005. The results were concordant with similar researches conducted on a local or municipality level and they have shown that 13% adolescent at the age of 16 have had an experience with cannabis.Official records show that a wide mayority of patients in state or private medical facilities request an opiate dependency treatment. There is far too more requests then available medical capacities and trained professionals for different treatment programs.An intensified efforts are made for overcoming this actual discordance and an adopting and implementing a national strategy and an action plan to fight drug problems in society are of a greatist significance.
Comorbiditet Social Phobia and Alcoholism
Authors: Kozarov T. , Ivic B. 
Published: March 2009

Alcoholism is the modern disease on the third place in modern society after cardiac and malignant disease. Social phobia is generally spread phobia (20-40%) people had some kind of fear and anxiety in most causal social activity. Examination has prepared on alcololic department SBB - G. Toponica. They have 44 beds, 38 males beds. From 38 males beds, we found 6 patients with social phobia (15,08%).Methods and results:It has been used WILLOU GHBY PERSONALITY SCHEDULE -all of them have been over fifty points which means that all of them have social phobia. They are curred with REMERON and TRITTICO and cognitiv behavior psycho therapy. REMERON has great success in secundary depression reduction. TRITTICO has great succes in anxiety reduction.
The use of the Free Recall Method in the Analysis of Verbal Memory Deficits in Dual Diagnosis Patients [P01-49]
Authors: Krysta K. , Klasik A. , Janas-Kozik M. , Przybylo J. , Krupka-Matuszczyk I. 
Published: March 2009

In schizophrenia there are specific cognitive deficits including verbal memory deficits. The objective of this study was to examine short-term verbal memory differences between subjects with and without a dual diagnosis.A group of 80 patients with a diagnose of schizophrenia were examined. 40 of them never used illicit drugs, the other 40 also received a diagnose of addiction to psychoactive substances. The Free Recall Method was used to compare two examined groups. The results of addicted and not addicted schizophrenic patients were analyzed in all trials of the 5 stages of the examination with the use of Free Recall Method. Persons suffering from schizophrenia can usually repeat much fewer words in all five stages of the examination with Free Recall Method. This deficiency of short-term memory in this group of subjects is present from the very beginning of information coding.As it was expected a deficiency in short-term verbal memory was found in all examined patients. However when comparing both groups no statistical differences concerning verbal memory deficits were found between the group of patients suffering from schizophrenia addicted and not addicted to psychoactive substances.The fact that no significant differences concerning short-term verbal memory between two examined groups were found, which is consistent with some of the studies found in the literature, may be a good predictor for this group in terms of their possible chances of successful rehabilitation.
Training Specific Attentiveness Functions to Improve Professional and Social Reintegration of Young Schizophrenic Patients with Multiple Drug Abuse
Authors: Kunert H.J. , Schatten H.-J. , Löhrer F. 
Published: March 2009

Statement of the problem:Recent studies have conclusively proven the effectiveness of cognitive training in the context of psychiatric rehabilitation. Examinations on young schizophrenic drug users are yet to be done, although it could be shown that most of these patients are likely to relapse, abandon therapy and show untreated social adaptation disorders if existing cognitive functional deficits are not treated appropriately.Method:Pre-post examinations were done on 35 schizophrenic drug users (mean age 26±8 years; 27/8 men) to assess various attentiveness functions (i.e. alertness, divided attentiveness, visual scanning) before and after computerised attentiveness training (CURE therapy system, Siemens (NCSys)). Patient results were compared to those of a control group matched for age, education, illness characteristics and current medication which did not undergo cognitive training. Cognitive training lasted 6 weeks. At the same time, patients were assessed using standardised scales to determine whether their performance improved after work therapy.Results:Computerised attentiveness training led to significant improvement (>30%; p< .05) in everyday attentiveness functions (tonic and phasic alertness, divided attentiveness) as did work therapy (precision, endurance), although some patient subgroups are different in their course of therapy.Discussion:Training specific attentiveness functions helps improve rehabilitation of young schizophrenic patients with multiple drug abuse. Subgroup effects may also be of clinical relevance.
Impulsiveness and Neuropsychological Performance in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Gierski F. , Cuervo-Lombard C. , Hubsch-Sonntag B. , Carré A. , Limosin F. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:It is now well known that unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with alcohol disorder have electrophysiological abnormalities (less P3 amplitude). These abnormalities are associated with higher scores in impulsivity self-rating scales and are assumed to reflect central nervous system disinhibition and/or hyperexcitability. However very much less is known about the performance of this population in neuropsychological tests assessing executive functioning and in particular the inhibition process.Method:Thirty-five first-degree relatives of patients with alcohol dependence were compared to thirty-five healthy controls, matched in terms of age, gender and education level. They completed a self-rating scale of impulsiveness (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale) and a battery of neuropsychological tests. The test battery included the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a measure of overall executive functioning, and two performance measures of inhibition process (a Stroop task and a Go-No Go task).Results:As expected, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale showed differences between the two groups, with first-degree relatives having higher overall scores and increased scores in the non-planning subscale. Results from neuropsychological testing indicated significant differences among the three tasks (WCST, Stroop task and Go-No Go).Conclusion:Our findings are consistent with the view that unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with alcohol dependence show decrements in executive functioning and inhibition process. Studies are underway to identify genes associated with the underlying predisposition involved in disinhibitory disorders in this population.
Are there Differences between Primary Psicosis and Substance-induced Psicosis? [P01-53]
Authors: Digon L. Diaz , Sanvisens D. Martinez , Fernandez L. Morro , Codina G. Mateu , Torres A. Merino , Melich M. Torrens 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Substance-induced psychoses (SIP) are associated with greater conjugal ties, greater substance dependence, homelessness, parental substance abuse, poorer family support and visual hallucinations, while primary psychotic disorders (PP) have greater symptom severity.Objective:To describe differential characteristics between PP and SIP in a dual diagnosis unit.Method:We collected sociodemographic, employment data, admission reasons, family substance abuse and main drug of abuse.Results:•23 patients were admitted with psychosis (87% males; mean age 35,6±10,1). Two groups were performed: PP (N=12) and SIP (N=11).•Mean length of admission was 17,78±13,17 days. Most prevalent co-occurrent diagnoses were psychotic disorders-cocaine use disorders (43,5%).•The only significant difference between PP and SIP was shorter length of admission in SIP (days: mean [s.d]) (26,6±14,9 vs. 13,8±7,5; p< 0.05). Other variables studied were: (1) main reasons for admission: hallucinations/delusions (33,3% vs. 90,9%), suicide ideation (33,3% vs. 0%); (2) main drug of abuse: cocaine (50% vs. 45,5%), alcohol (33,3% vs. 0%), psychoestimulants (0% vs. 27,3%), cannabis (8,3% vs. 18,2%); (3) marital status: married/cohabiting (25% vs. 36,4%), divorced (16,7% vs. 0%), single (58,3% vs. 63,6%); (4) employment: employed (33,3% vs. 50%) and unemployed (66,7% vs. 50%); (5) age, years: mean (s.d): 37,8 (10,6) vs 33,2 (9,5); (6) parental substance abuse (65,7% vs. 83,3%).Conclusions:•No significant differences were found between both groups (PP vs. SIP) except for shorter length of admission in SIP.•The most frequent co-ocurrent diagnosis was psychotic disorder+cocaine use disorder.
The Effect of Topiramate in the Treatment of Opioid (Heroin) Withdrawal
Authors: Mokhber N. , Soltanifar A. , Talebi M. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:This study was carried out on 149 of Heroin dependent patient that admission for detoxification.Design:This study is a 10 days double blind placebo-controlled trial.Place & duration of study:This study is a 10 days double blind placebo-controlled trial which was carried out on 149 of Heroin dependent patient that admission for detoxification in Mashhad Ebne-sina hospital in 1385-1386 Subjects were randomly divided into topiramate and placebo detoxification groups.Subjects & methods:Topiramate group receive topiramate (max 200 mg) for 10 days. The placebo group received usual regimen and placebo. Withdrawal symptoms were assessed by Subjective and Objective Opiate Withdrawal Scale in days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10.information s analyzed by chi-square test for qualities variables and T-test & Mann-Whitney for quantities variables in SPSS software.Results:22 subjects were excluded from the study. Both groups had no significant differences in age, sex, education, number of previous withdrawal and past history of other drug use. Result indicates decrease in objective withdrawal symptom significant in 3(p=0.000), 5 (p=0.004) and 7(p=0.026) day and subjective withdrawal symptom significant in 3 (p=0.000) day in topiramate groups.Conclusion:Topiramate can use for control of withdrawal symptom in patient with Heroin dependency.
Effects of Methadone Therapy on Changing of Positive and Negative Mood Affect in Addicted People
Authors: Amiri S.J. Mosavi , Homayuoni A. , Amiri S. Soleimani , Nikpour G.A. , Khanmohammadi A. 
Published: March 2009

Aim:The study aimed to investigate effects of drug named methadone in treating of addicted on changing of positive and negative mood affect.Method:19 addicted people were randomly selected and before methadone therapy with a pretest, Watson’s Positive Affect and Negative Affect (PANAS) was administered on them. One month later after methadone therapy, again Watson’s Positive Affect and Negative Affect (PANAS) was administered on them. PANAS assesses: Interest, Distress, Powerfulness, Fear, Enthusiasm, Proud, Agitation, Nervous, Panic. Data was analyzed with independent T test.Results:Findings showed significant differences between PANAS components. Methadone therapy increase interest, powerfulness, enthusiasm, proud, and decreased distress, agitation, panic. But there is not any differences between fear and nervous in pre and post test.Discussion:The findings indicated using methadone drug in addition to reduce physical symptoms can reduce significantly mental problems in addicted and can be regarded a proficient drug for treating of addiction.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Opium Induced and Independent Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Mowla A. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:Psychiatric disorders and among them depression are common in substance dependant patients. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics of those that appear to have substance induced depression and those that have independent majordepression.Method:184 independent and 187 opium induced (OID) depressed male patients that met the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder were randomly selected. Standard demographic data, including age, marital, employment and education status were collected. The primary measure of depressive signs and symptoms was Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-21).The two groups were compared with each other for the HAMD total and subscales scores.Results:The two groups were matched regarding age, educational level and marital status. Opium induced depressed patients were more severely depressed and motor retarded and also they had more social and occupational problems. Gastrointestinal, sexual and somatic complaints were more common among them too. MDD patients had better insight than the other group.Conclusion:The results demonstrate that it ispossible to differentiate between substance-induced andindependent depression. Such differentiation mightbe important for establishing prognosis and optimal treatment.