bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
α2‐Agonisten in der Tiermedizin
Authors: Alef Michaele 
Published: October 2011

Abstract40 Jahre Erfahrung mit α2‐Agonisten in der Veterinäranästhesie haben gezeigt, dass die unerwünschten Wirkungen dieser Stoffklasse umfangreich und klinisch relevant sind. Trotz allem sind ihre positiven Eigenschaften unumstritten und haben dazu geführt, dass α2‐Agonisten bei vielen Tierarten und für viele Veterinäranästhesisten integraler Bestandteil der Anästhesie sind. Unterstützt wird diese positive Einschätzung durch neuere Untersuchungen, die zeigen, dass eine Prämedikation mit α2‐Agonisten offensichtlich das Risiko für einen Anästhesietodesfall senken kann.Die großen Unterschiede in Potenz und Wirkungen der α2‐Agonisten bei den einzelnen Tierarten scheinen vor dem Hintergrund der unterschiedlichen Rezeptorsubtypen, der Rezeptorverteilung und der Substanzklassen noch ein breites Feld für die Forschung zu sein. Die Kombination von α2‐Agonist und primär peripher wirkendem α2‐Antagonisten ist ein viel versprechender Ansatz zur Reduzierung der unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen, dessen von Veterinär‐ (und möglicherweise auch von Human‐) anästhesisten mit Spannung erwartete endgültige wissenschaftliche Bewertung sich aufgrund der nur beschränkt zur Verfügung stehenden Menge von MK 467 leider ein wenig hinzieht.
Literacy Engagement
Authors: Cummins Jim 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEducational policies designed to promote literacy achievement in U.S. schools over the past decade have failed to deliver the anticipated outcomes. These disappointing outcomes can be attributed to the implementation of evidence‐free policies. In particular, policymakers have ignored the fact that underachievement is concentrated in schools serving low‐income and racially/culturally marginalized students, many of whom are also English learners (EL). The research evidence implies that policies designed to ensure that low‐income and EL students have access to a rich print environment and become actively engaged with literacy are more likely to close the achievement gap than current policies which fail to address these issues.
Auswirkungen eines Aufmerksamkeitstrainings auf die aphasische Symptomatik bei Schlaganfallpatienten
Authors: Graf Julia , Kulke Hartwig , Sous-Kulke Christa , Schupp Wilfried , Lautenbacher Stefan 
Published: October 2011

Aufmerksamkeit kann als Kontrollsystem neuronaler Aktivität verstanden werden, welches Neuroplastizität top-down modulieren hilft. Bisher wurde selten versucht, durch deren gezielte Förderung Funktionswiederherstellungen nach Hirnschädigung zu begünstigen. In vorliegender Studie wurde dies am Beispiel der Aphasie erprobt. 15 Schlaganfallpatienten erhielten ein dreiwöchiges Training der selektiven Aufmerksamkeit mit den PC-Programmen CogniPlus und „Konzentration“ bei fünf Sitzungen pro Woche zusätzlich zur Standardtherapie, 13 weitere bildeten eine Kontrollgruppe ohne Aufmerksamkeitstraining. Zur Effektivitätskontrolle dienten zwei Versionen des Untertests Go/Nogo (Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung) und die Kurze Aphasieprüfung. Nach dem Training manifestierte sich zwischen den Untersuchungsgruppen kein Unterschied in Aufmerksamkeits- und Sprachfunktionen; das zusätzliche Aufmerksamkeitstraining war also wirkungslos. Allerdings zeigten Patienten mit deutlichen Aufmerksamkeitsverbesserungen tendenziell weniger Aphasie-Symptome, was die Hypothese aufmerksamkeitsvermittelter Plastizitätsmodulation nach Hirnschädigung partiell stützt.
National Burden of Pediatric Hospitalizations for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Heaton Pamela C. , Tundia Namita L. , Schmidt Nicole , Wigle Patricia R. , Kelton Christina M.L. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:The objective of the present study was to quantify the national pediatric inpatient inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) burden in terms of the number of IBD‐related hospitalizations, the number of days spent in the hospital, and hospitalization costs.Methods:Hospitalizations for children and adolescents 20 years and younger with a primary diagnosis of either Crohn disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were selected from the 2006 Kids' Inpatient Database (KID). Length of the hospital stay in days (LOS) and charges for the hospitalization were found directly in the Kids' Inpatient Database, and cost was calculated using the hospital's cost‐to‐charge ratio. Predictor variables included patient characteristics, such as age and severity of illness, and hospital characteristics. Ordinary‐least‐squares regressions were developed and estimated to explain hospitalization costs.Results:In 2006, there were 10,777 IBD‐related hospitalizations. The total and mean costs for CD were $66.3 million and $10,176 (95% confidence interval [CI] $9647–$10,705), and for UC were $48.6 million and $11,836 (95% CI $10,760‐$12,912). For CD, 0‐ to 5‐year‐old patients had the highest mean LOS (8.10, 95% CI 5.53–10.67, days) and mean cost ($13,894, 95% CI $9053–$18,735), whereas, for UC, 11‐ to 15‐year‐old patients had the highest mean LOS (7.49, 95% CI 6.88–8.10, 95% CI 5.53–10.67, days) and mean cost ($13,407, 95% CI $11,704–$15,110).Conclusions:For a pediatric disease with a rather low prevalence rate, the estimated annual inpatient pediatric burden of IBD is a sizeable $152.4 million (2010 US$) and 64,985 days spent in the hospital. As medications and outpatient treatments improve for the treatment of IBD, there is an opportunity for significant reduction in inpatient burden.
Investigation of the urge‐to‐cough sensation in healthy volunteers
Authors: DICPINIGAITIS PETER V. , RHOTON WILLIAM A. , BHAT RAJANI , NEGASSA ABDISSA 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Recently, there has been interest in the sensation of irritation that precedes the motor act of coughing, which has been termed the urge‐to‐cough (UTC). The aim of this study was to perform the largest evaluation to date of the UTC threshold (Cu) in a healthy population. The specific aims were to investigate the relationship between Cu and cough reflex sensitivity, to evaluate gender differences in the UTC and to assess the reproducibility of measurements of Cu.Methods:  Standard capsaicin cough challenge methodology was employed to measure cough reflex sensitivity in 100 healthy adult non‐smokers (50 females) with the additional measurement of Cu. A subgroup of 40 subjects (20 males) underwent repeat cough challenges after 1 week to examine the reproducibility of the measurements.Results:  All 100 subjects demonstrated motor cough in response to capsaicin. Twenty‐one subjects (10 females) did not show a discernible Cu, as the motor cough event preceded a UTC sensation unaccompanied by cough. Although cough reflex sensitivity, as measured by the concentration of capsaicin inducing five or more coughs (C5), was enhanced in women, there was no gender difference in Cu. Similar to standard cough reflex sensitivity measurements, the measurement of Cu was highly reproducible.Conclusions:  These results demonstrate that the UTC threshold can be effectively and reproducibly measured using a modification of standard cough challenge methodology. Given its clinical significance as a prevalent symptom, UTC, as measured by Cu, represents an additional relevant end point for studies investigating the effects of pharmacological and other interventions in cough and cough reflex sensitivity.
State‐of‐the‐Art Report on Temporal Coherence for Stylized Animations
Authors: Bénard Pierre , Bousseau Adrien , Thollot Joëlle 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNon‐photorealistic rendering (NPR) algorithms allow the creation of images in a variety of styles, ranging from line drawing and pen‐and‐ink to oil painting and watercolour. These algorithms provide greater flexibility, control and automation over traditional drawing and painting. Despite significant progress over the past 15 years, the application of NPR to the generation of stylized animations remains an active area of research. The main challenge of computer‐generated stylized animations is to reproduce the look of traditional drawings and paintings while minimizing distracting flickering and sliding artefacts present in hand‐drawn animations. These goals are inherently conflicting and any attempt to address the temporal coherence of stylized animations is a trade‐off. This state‐of‐the‐art report is motivated by the growing number of methods proposed in recent years and the need for a comprehensive analysis of the trade‐offs they propose. We formalize the problem of temporal coherence in terms of goals and compare existing methods accordingly. We propose an analysis for both line and region stylization methods and discuss initial steps towards their perceptual evaluation. The goal of our report is to help uninformed readers to choose the method that best suits their needs, as well as motivate further research to address the limitations of existing methods.
High case volume of radiation oncologists is associated with better survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy: a multifactorial cohort analysis
Authors: Chien C.‐R. , Lin H.‐W. , Yang C.‐H. , Yang S.‐N. , Wang Y.‐C. , Kuo Y.‐C. , Chen S.‐W. , Liang J.‐A. 
Published: October 2011

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2011, 36, 558–565Objectives:  The relationship between physician case volume and patient outcome in patients with head and neck cancers such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by radiotherapy is unknown. This study was designed to investigate the association between the case volume of radiation oncologists and the survival of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Design:  Retrospective cohort study.Setting:  Based on nationwide claims data (National Health Research Insurance Database) in the years 2002–2008.Participants:  Newly diagnosed patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving curative radiotherapy in the year 2003.Main outcome measures:  Overall survival until 2008. We used the running log‐rank test to decide the optimal threshold for categorising the case volume of radiation oncologists. The characteristics of patients, their treatments and contact with health service providers were considered as co‐explanatory variables. The log‐rank test and Cox regression were performed. Sensitivity analyses were carried out regarding major study assumptions.Results:  Five hundred and sixty‐two patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma newly diagnosed in 2003 were identified as the study cohort. The 5‐year overall survival was better among patients treated by high‐volume (≥6 patients in year 2002) radiation oncologists than by low‐volume (<6 patients in year 2002) radiation oncologists (77%versus 64%, P = 0.0007). The adjusted hazard ratio of death was 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.48–0.91) upon multivariate analysis. Patients aged at least 65 years also had a lower survival rate than those younger than 65 years old (adjusted hazard ratio of death: 2.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.94–4.08).The physician case volume and patient outcome effect remained the same after sensitivity analyses.Conclusions:  Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by high‐volume radiation oncologists have better survival compared with those treated by low‐volume radiation oncologists. Further studies are needed to verify our findings with similar cancer cohorts treated by modern radiotherapy techniques or other types of radiotherapy.
Realistic perspective projections for virtual objects and environments
Authors: Steinicke Frank , Bruder Gerd , Kuhl Scott 
Published: October 2011

Computer graphics systems provide sophisticated means to render virtual 3D space to 2D display surfaces by applying planar geometric projections. In a realistic viewing condition the perspective applied for rendering should appropriately account for the viewer's location relative to the image. As a result, an observer would not be able to distinguish between a rendering of a virtual environment on a computer screen and a view “through” the screen at an identical real-world scene. Until now, little effort has been made to identify perspective projections which cause human observers to judge them to be realistic.
In this article we analyze observers' awareness of perspective distortions of virtual scenes displayed on a computer screen. These distortions warp the virtual scene and make it differ significantly from how the scene would look in reality. We describe psychophysical experiments that explore the subject's ability to discriminate between different perspective projections and identify projections that most closely match an equivalent real scene. We found that the field of view used for perspective rendering should match the actual visual angle of the display to provide users with a realistic view. However, we found that slight changes of the field of view in the range of 10-20% for two classes of test environments did not cause a distorted mental image of the observed models.
Aurora kinase A-specific T-cell receptor gene transfer redirects T lymphocytes to display effective antileukemia reactivity
Authors: Nagai Kozo , Ochi Toshiki , Fujiwara Hiroshi , An Jun , Shirakata Toshiaki , Mineno Junichi , Kuzushima Kiyotaka , Shiku Hiroshi , Melenhorst J. Joseph , Gostick Emma , Price David A. , Ishii Eiichi , Yasukawa Masaki 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is overexpressed in leukemias. Previously, we demonstrated that AURKA-specific CD8+ T cells specifically and selectively lysed leukemia cells, indicating that AURKA is an excellent target for immunotherapy. In this study, we examined the feasibility of adoptive therapy using redirected T cells expressing an HLA-A*0201–restricted AURKA207-215-specific T-cell receptor (TCR). Retrovirally transduced T cells recognized relevant peptide-pulsed but not control target cells. Furthermore, TCR-redirected CD8+ T cells lysed AURKA-overexpressing human leukemic cells in an HLA-A*0201–restricted manner, but did not kill HLA-A*0201+ normal cells, including hematopoietic progenitors. In addition, AURKA207-215-specific TCR-transduced CD4+ T cells displayed target-responsive Th1 cytokine production. Finally, AURKA207-215-specific TCR-transduced CD8+ T cells displayed antileukemia efficacy in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, these data demonstrate the feasibility of redirected T cell–based AURKA-specific immunotherapy for the treatment of human leukemia.
Tailoring photonic metamaterial resonances for thermal radiation
Authors: Bermel Peter , Ghebrebrhan Michael , Harradon Michael , Yeng Yi Xiang , Celanovic Ivan , Joannopoulos John D , Soljacic Marin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSelective solar absorbers generally have limited effectiveness in unconcentrated sunlight, because of reradiation losses over a broad range of wavelengths and angles. However, metamaterials offer the potential to limit radiation exchange to a proscribed range of angles and wavelengths, which has the potential to dramatically boost performance. After globally optimizing one particular class of such designs, we find thermal transfer efficiencies of 78% at temperatures over 1,000°C, with overall system energy conversion efficiencies of 37%, exceeding the Shockley-Quiesser efficiency limit of 31% for photovoltaic conversion under unconcentrated sunlight. This represents a 250% increase in efficiency and 94% decrease in selective emitter area compared to a standard, angular-insensitive selective absorber.PACS: 42.70.Qs; 81.05.Xj; 78.67.Pt; 42.79.Ek
A new dot immunoassay for simultaneous detection of celiac specific antibodies and IgA-deficiency
Authors: Conrad Karsten , Roggenbuck Dirk , Ittenson Annelore , Reinhold Dirk , Buettner Thomas , Laass Martin W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study investigated whether a dot immunoassay (DIA) can provide simultaneous detection of anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG), anti-deamidated gliadin (DG) and total IgA antibodies, as required in the work-up of celiac disease (CD) patients.Celiac disease patients (n=111) consecutively diagnosed from 2001 to 2011 at the Children’s Hospital and Institute of Immunology (Technical University Dresden) were tested for anti-tTG, anti-DG and total IgA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and DIA retrospectively. Blood donors (n=45) and non-CD individuals with low IgA serum levels (n=8) were included as controls. Antibodies to endomysial antigens (EmA) were assessed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF).Four (3.6%) of 111 CD patients demonstrated an IgA deficiency with total IgA below 50 mg/L by ELISA. Total IgA of the 107 IgA-non-deficient CD patients varied from 70 to 6000 mg/L. All four IgA-deficient CD patients were detected by a reduced reaction control of DIA and demonstrated positive anti-tTG or anti-DG IgG by DIA or ELISA. Detection of anti-tTG and anti-DG by DIA and ELISA showed a very good agreement (IgA: κ=0.972, 0.856, respectively; IgG: 0.921, 0.895, respectively).Immunodot assay is a reliable and easy-to-use technique for the detection of IgA-deficient CD patients. Simultaneous assessment of anti-tTG and anti-DG IgA antibodies, and IgA deficiency by DIA can improve the efficacy of CD serology.
Novel Micro- and Nano-particles Cellulose Based Pickering Emulsions.
Authors: Capron Isabelle , Bizot Hervé , Grosbois Solène , Winter Heiko , Cathala Bernard 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEmulsions are usually metastable systems of two non-miscible phases stabilized by surface active species like surfactant molecules. Emulsions stabilized by solid colloidal particles adsorbed at the interface (Pickering emulsions) offer some competitive advantages with respect to classical emulsions. Most studies published up to now concern emulsions stabilized by inorganic (metallic oxides, exfoliated clays, carbonates and phosphates) or polymeric particles while biomass derived alternatives have only been explored to a limited extent. For the first time, we report the stabilization of emulsions by unmodified cellulose nanocrystals [1, 2] . Cellulose nanocrystals were produced from bacterial cellulose and used to form Pickering emulsions. We demonstrate by SEM that the nanocrystals are adsorbed at the oil/water interface. We also study the size distribution of the droplets that was found to range around 4μm in diameter with very narrow dispersity. The stability of the emulsions was also investigated. The fabrication of new armored microparticles exposing cellulose acicular nanocrystals from cellulose nanocrystals opens opportunities to build materials from low cost and environmental friendly resource.
Effect of Engineered Solid and Mesoporous Silica Particles Physical Properties on In Vitro Toxicity
Authors: Nguyen Kennedy , Premasekharan Gayatri , Yuen Alexander , Forman Henry J. , Leppert Valerie J. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTMesoporous silica is of current interest for therapeutic applications, such as drug delivery, because of its small size and internal pore structure into which small molecules can be adsorbed. However, while the toxicity literature is extensive for micron-sized crystalline silica due to occupational health concerns, there is relatively little information available for mesoporous silica. Here, solid silica and mesoporous silica particles are characterized using SEM, DLS, XRD, and BET analysis; and their toxicities assessed using a modified MTT assay for cell viability and DPPP assay for lipid peroxidation. On a mass basis, mesoporous silica reduces cell viability from 82 ± 8% to 73 ± 16% compared to solid silica, likely due to the decreased density and therefore increased number of particles and particle surface area. This modest increase in toxicity, compared to the dramatic 600X increase in total surface area for mesoporous silica, from both pore and particle surfaces, suggests that the toxicity mechanism depends on the surface area available to the cell and not the total surface area. DPPP results support this conclusion and indicate that membrane lipid peroxidation is involved.
Le prix du temps
Authors: Berthoud Arnaud 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Pour l’époque moderne et à la différence des époques antérieures, le taux d’intérêt est légitime parce qu’il est le prix naturel d’un temps considéré lui-même comme un bien rare. Cela constitue le cœur du capitalisme. Quelles sont les conditions théoriques principales de l’avènement d’une pareille conception économique du temps ? On examine successivement la conception du temps dans la pensée néoclassique ; la conception plus ancienne correspondant à l’interdit scolastique du taux d’intérêt ; le bouleversement apporté par la Réforme et la doctrine calviniste de la prédestination sous la perspective de Max Weber. On en vient alors à l’idée suivante : pour que le temps soit saisi par un agent économique comme un bien extérieur à lui-même et analogue à une marchandise, il faut qu’il puisse considérer son choix ou son arbitrage entre des biens à périodes de temps différentes comme un acte situé lui-même hors du temps et pour que cela soit à son tour possible, il faut qu’il puisse croire que cet acte s’inscrit dans l’horizon du choix atemporel de Dieu.
Lectures masculines de la théorie féministe : la psychologisation des rapports de genre dans la littérature sur la masculinit
Authors: Mac Mahon Anthony 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Les critiques de la masculinité, formulées par des hommes, s’appuient le plus souvent sur des théories féministes qui développent, implicitement ou explicitement, des récits psychologisants de la subjectivité masculine, par exemple en termes de « manque relationnel » ou de « désir de dominer ». Le fait pour les hommes d’être élevés par une femme est central à de tels récits. L’auteur de cet article s’oppose à ce type de littérature en s’appuyant sur l’analyse, politiquement plus robuste, développée par le féminisme matérialiste. Il révèle ainsi les faiblesses empiriques et théoriques propres à ces analyses de la subjectivité masculine. Il montre également de quelle façon le concept de la masculinité peut fonctionner comme une réification idéaliste des pratiques masculines d’appropriation du travail domestique féminin, notamment le travail de soin effectué par les femmes. Privilégiant une compréhension thérapeutique des pratiques masculines, leur domination des femmes serait le fruit malencontreux d’une identité masculine endommagée — cette littérature obscurcit, en les présentant comme des pratiques « à l’insu de leur plein gré », les pratiques politiques intéressées de domination et d’exploitation des hommes vis-à-vis des femmes.
Les aventures d'une « alliance objective ». Quelques moments de la relation entre mouvements homosexuels et mouvements féministes au XXe siècle
Authors: Chauvin Sébastien 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Les relations entre mouvements féministes et mouvements homosexuels se sont nourries des rhétoriques politiques dominantes de chaque période : l’individualisme libéral dans l’Allemagne de 1904, le gauchisme libérationniste dans la France des années 1970, puis, dans une certaine mesure, le discours des « droits » dans les années 1990, à la fois épaulé et concurrencé, dans les années 2000, par un nouveau radicalisme « queer » qui offre aux féministes et aux militants homosexuels au moins autant de nouveaux points de convergence que de nouvelles occasions de conflit. Mais ces relations ont surtout varié avec les manières dont on a problématisé l’homosexualité et la féminité, et défini les rapports entre « sexe », « genre » et « sexualité » — définitions mouvantes que les mouvements ont eux-mêmes contribué à façonner et à transformer.