bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE MEDIUM-TERM RESULTS OF ARTHROSCOPIC HIP SURGERY COMPARED WITH PHYSIOTHERAPY AND ACTIVITY MODIFICATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME: A MULTICENTRE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Palmer Antony , Fernquest Scott , Logishetty Kartik , Rombach Ines , Harin Alice , Mansour Ramy , Dijkstra Paul , Andrade Tony , Dutton Susan , Glyn-Jones Sion 
Published: May 2024

The primary treatment goal for patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, a common hip condition in athletes, is to improve pain and function. In selected patients, in the short term following intervention, arthroscopic hip surgery is superior to a pragmatic NHS- type physiotherapy programme. Here, we report the three-year follow-up results from the FemoroAcetabular Impingement Trial (FAIT), comparing arthroscopic hip surgery with physiotherapy in the management of patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome.Two-group parallel, assessor-blinded, pragmatic randomised controlled study across seven NHS England sites. 222 participants aged 18 to 60 years with FAI syndrome confirmed clinically and radiologically were randomised (1:1) to receive arthroscopic hip surgery (n = 112) or physiotherapy and activity modification (n = 110). We previously reported on the hip outcome score at eight months. The primary outcome measure of this study was minimum Joint Space Width (mJSW) on Anteroposterior Radiograph at 38 months post randomisation. Secondary outcome measures included the Hip Outcome Score and Scoring Hip Osteoarthritis with MRI (SHOMRI) score.Minimum Joint Space Width data were available for 101 participants (45%) at 38 months post randomisation. Hip outcome score and MRI data were available for 77% and 62% of participants respectively. mJSW was higher in the arthroscopy group (mean (SD) 3.34mm (1.01)) compared to the physiotherapy group (2.99mm (1.33)) at 38 months, p=0.017, however this did not exceed the minimally clinically important difference of 0.48mm. SHOMRI score was significantly lower in the arthroscopy group (mean (SD) 9.22 (11.43)) compared to the physiotherapy group (22.76 (15.26)), p-value <0.001. Hip outcome score was higher in the arthroscopy group (mean (SD) 84.2 (17.4)) compared with the physiotherapy group (74.2 (21.9)), p-value < 0.001).Patients with FAI syndrome treated surgically may experience slowing of osteoarthritisprogression and superior pain and function compared with patients treated non- operatively.
FAIRER PRIORITISATION OF THOSE WAITING FOR PRIMARY HIP ARTHROPLASTY: RESULTS FROM THE PRIORITISATION OF THOSE AWAITING HIP AND KNEE ARTHROPLASTY (PATHWAY) STUDY
Authors: Farrow Luke , Clement Nick , Meek Dominic 
Published: May 2024

Given the prolonged waits for hip arthroplasty seen across the U.K. it is important that we optimise priority systems to account for potential disparities in patient circumstances and impact. We set out to achieve this through a two-stage approach. This included a Delphi-study of patient and surgeon preferences to determine what should be considered when determining patient priority, followed by a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) to decide relative weighting of included attributes.The study was conducted according to the published protocol ([https://boneandjoint.org.uk/article/10.1302/2633-1462.310.BJO-2022-0071](https://boneandjoint.org.uk/article/10.1302/2633-1462.310.BJO-2022-0071)). The Delphi study was performed online over 3 rounds with anonymous ranking and feedback. Included factors were voted as either Consensus in, Consensus out, or No Consensus• following an established scoring criterion. A final consensus meeting determined the prioritisation factors (and their levels) to be included in the DCE. The DCE was then conducted using an online platform, with surgeons performing 18 choice sets regarding which merited greater priority between two hypothetical patients. Results were collated and analysed using multinomial logit regression analysis (MNL).For the Delphi study there were 43 responses in the first round, with a subsequent 91% participation rate. Final consensus inclusion was achieved for Pain; Mobility/Function; Activities of Daily Living; Inability to Work/Care; Length of Time Waited; Radiological Severity and Mental Wellbeing. 70 individuals subsequently contributed to the DCE, with radiological severity being the most significant factor (Coefficient 2.27 \[SD 0.31\], p<0.001), followed by pain (Coefficient 1.08 \[SD 0.13\], p<0.001) and time waited (Coefficient for 1-month additional wait 0.12 \[SD 0.02\], p<0.001). The calculated trade-off in waiting time for a 1-level change in pain (e.g., moderate to severe pain) was 9.14 months.These results present a new method of determining comparative priority for those on primary hip arthroplasty waiting lists. Evaluation of potential implementation in clinical practice is now required.
THE NATIONAL PROSTHETIC HIP DISLOCATION (PHD) STUDY
Authors: Afzal Sadia , Sephton Benjamin , Wilkinson Hannah , Hodhody Ghazal , Ammori Mohannad , Kennedy James , Hoggett Lee , Board Tim 
Published: May 2024

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) and Hip Hemiarthroplasties (HA) are successful, cost-effective procedures that improve quality of life. Dislocation is a well recognised complication with a significant health and economic burden. We aim to establish the current management practices across the United Kingdom (UK) for Prosthetic Hip Dislocations (PHD). Our definition of a PHD includes; THA, HA and revision THA.This national study builds on our regional pilot study and records one of the largest datasets of Prosthetic Hip Dislocation management within the UK.A trainee-led collaborative; the North West Orthopaedic Research Collaborative (NWORC). Conducted a retrospective audit, registered as Quality Improvement (QI) projects, collected data from 38 hospital trusts across the UK.Data was collected on patient-related factors, inpatient management, and outpatient follow up of each PHD episode between January and July 2019. Primary outcome measured definitive management, in the form of revision surgery or the consideration for this through a referral pathway.A total of 673 (THA 504, Revision THA 141, HA 28) patients were included with a total of 740 dislocation episodes. Mean age was 75.6 years with female to male ratio 2:1. The majority of PHDs were a result of a low energy mechanism (98.7%) and presented over 6 months post index procedure (80.5%). Over half (53.8%) attended with a first or second time dislocation. Only 29.9% patients received onward revision referral; whereas 70.1% followed diverse management patterns, including local non-arthroplasty and primary arthroplasty surgeon follow-ups. Revision THAs had higher rates of referral for revision (p<0.001) compared to primary THA and HA dislocations.A high number of PHDs present across the UK, with under a third receiving definitive management plans. This variation increases the economical burden to the National Health Service, highlighting the need for national guidance to manage these complex patients.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ON OUTCOMES FROM TREATMENT FOR FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT
Authors: Green Justin , Khanduja Vikas , Malviya Ajay 
Published: May 2024

There is little known about how patient socioeconomic status impacts clinical outcomes in hip preservation surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between indices of multiple deprivation, funding provider (NHS Funded or Private Funded) and clinical outcomes following surgery for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)The study analysed the data of 5590 patients recorded in the NAHR who underwent primary hip arthroscopic treatment for FAI between November 2013 and July 2023. Records were matched to the UK National index of multiple deprivation using the lower layer super output area. Using iHOT12 score, patient reported outcome measures were analysed at base line and 1 year following surgery.2358 records were matched to LLSOA deciles. Between the lowest (most deprived) 3 deciles and the highest (least deprived) the average baseline iHOT12 score was 28.98 (n=366) and 35.33 (n=821). The proportion of patients receiving treatment through NHS funding compared to independent funding for the most deprived, 292 (90%) 37 (10%) respectively compared to the least deprived 515 (70%) and 244 (30%) respectively. At 1year, iHOT12 scores for each group were 51.64 (29.1 SD) compared to 61.5 (28.06 SD) respectively.The study demonstrates that patients from lower socioeconomic backgrounds had poorer baseline and one-year post-surgery iHOT12 scores compared to those from higher socioeconomic strata. Furthermore, a higher reliance on NHS funding was observed among the most deprived, while more affluent patients predominantly opted for private funding. These findings underscore the significant influence of socioeconomic status on both the quality of healthcare received and recovery outcomes in hip preservation surgery, calling attention to the need for more equitable healthcare solutions.
A spin current detecting device working in the drift-diffusion and degenerate regimes
Authors: Miah Muhammad Idris , Islam Md. Torikul , Atiq Shahid , Kityk Iwan , Gray Evan , Chawdhury Nazia , Chowdhury Mohammed Haque , Mamun AA 
Published: May 2024

<p>A semiconductor-based device working in the spin drift-diffusion regime and for probing the injected or generated spin current was considered. The electric field effects on spin transport were analysed. A drift-diffusion equation for spin density was derived and contributions to the spin current were examined. By referring to the techniques of the spin current injection and generation, expressions for the spin current and spin-induced transverse Hall voltage arising from the injected or generated spin-polarized current were derived. The spin current and Hall voltage in dependences of the external electric field and temperature in the degenerate regime were studied. The device operated on the basis of with no external magnetic fields gives a voltage probe of the spin-induced Hall effect. Finally, a way of enhancing the spin current was explored.</p>
Period measurement of a periodic structure by using a heterodyne grating interferometer
Authors: Hsu Cheng-Chih , Tsai Chen-Ming , Ye Chen-Yu , Chen Pei-Ling , Lee Tzu-Ti , Dai Zhi-Xuan 
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes an alternative method for grating period measurement based on heterodyne grating interferometry. The optical configurations for measuring the period of reflection/transmission gratings were demonstrated, and four commercially available gratings were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Based on the phase-lock technique, the grating period could be obtained immediately through the phase wrapped/unwrapped process. Under precise measurement conditions, the grating period measurement error of the proposed method was better than 1 nm, and the grating period difference between product specifications was less than 1%. In addition, the measurement results of the proposed method also exhibited high similarity with optical microscopy measurements.
Physical activity across midlife and health-related quality of life in Australian women: A target trial emulation using a longitudinal cohort
Authors: Nguyen Binh , Clare Philip , Mielke Gregore I. , Brown Wendy J. , Ding Ding 
Published: May 2024

Background
There is little long-term causal evidence on the effect of physical activity on health-related quality of life. This study aimed to examine the associations between longitudinal patterns of physical activity over 15 years and health-related quality of life in both the physical and mental health domains, in a cohort of middle-aged Australian women.

Methods and findings
We used data collected at 3-year intervals (1998 to 2019) from 11,336 participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) (1946 to 1951 birth cohort). Primary outcomes were the physical (PCS) and mental health component summary (MCS) scores (range from 0 to 100; higher scores indicate higher perceived physical/mental health) from the SF-36 in 2019 (when women aged 68 to 73 years). Using target trial emulation to imitate a randomized controlled trial (RCT), we tested 2 interventions: (1) meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) physical activity guidelines consistently throughout the 15-year “exposure period” (2001 to 2016; when women aged 50–55 to 65–70 years; physical activity assessed every 3 years); and (2) not meeting the guidelines at the beginning of the exposure period but starting to first meet the guidelines at age 55, 60, or 65; against the control of not meeting the guidelines throughout the exposure period. Analysis controlled for confounding using marginal structural models which were adjusted for sociodemographic and health variables and conditions. Consistent adherence to guidelines during the exposure period (PCS: 46.93 [99.5% confidence interval [CI]: 46.32, 47.54]) and first starting to meet the guidelines at age 55 (PCS: 46.96 [99.5% CI: 45.53, 48.40]) were associated with three-point higher PCS (mean score difference: 3.0 [99.5% CI: 1.8, 4.1] and 3.0 [99.5% CI:1.2, 4.8]) than consistent non-adherence (PCS: 43.90 [99.5% CI: 42.79, 45.01]). We found a similar pattern for most SF-36 subscales but no significant effects of the interventions on MCS. The main limitations of the study were that it may not account for all underlying health conditions and/or other unmeasured or insufficiently measured confounders, the use of self-reported physical activity and that findings may not be generalizable to all mid-age women.

Conclusions
Results from the emulated RCT suggest women should be active throughout mid-age, ideally increasing activity levels to meet the guidelines by age 55, to gain the most benefits for physical health in later life.
Quality of life and its associated factors in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis from a Peruvian city: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Machaca-Choque Dana , Palomino-Guerra Guimel , Flores-Cohaila Javier , Parihuana-Travezaño Edgar , Taype-Rondan Alvaro , Gomez-Colque Sujey , Copaja-Corzo Cesar 
Published: May 2024

Objective
To assess quality of life and explore its associated factors in a group of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis in Peru.

Methodology
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of patients with CKD treated at two medical centers in Tacna, Peru; between July and September 2023. We conducted a survey via telephone interviews with eligible patients using the Short Form 36 (SF 36) to assess their quality of life.

Results
Of 257 patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis, we successfully interviewed 207 (59.9% males, median age: 62 years, median time on hemodialysis: 3.5 years). In the context of the SF-36 assessment, the dimensions with the lowest scores were physical role (mean: 13.9), emotional role (32.2), and physical function (32.4). Regarding the SF-36 summary scores, the average scores were 42.2 in the mental health domain and 32.0 in the physical health domain. In the adjusted model, the physical health domain score was higher in males (β = 2.7) and those with economic self-sufficiency (β = 3.0) and lower in older adults (β = -2.5). The score in the mental health domain was higher in those with a higher level of education (β = 4.1), in those with economic self-sufficiency (β = 3.8), and in those receiving care at one of the centers included (β: 4.2).

Conclusion
Quality of life was affected, particularly in the realms of physical and emotional well-being. Furthermore, both the physical and mental health domains tend to show lower scores among women, older individuals, those lacking economic self-sufficiency, individuals with lower educational levels, and those with comorbidities.
Serum klotho associated with thyroid hormone in adults: A population-based cross-sectional research
Authors: Zhang Xia , Liu Xuekui , Li Lin , Zhang Yan , Li Qing , Geng Houfa , Shi Li , Wang Ben , Qiu Qinqin , Yu Tianpei , Sang Yiquan , Wang Liying , Xu Wei , Liang Jun 
Published: May 2024

Background and study aim
The klotho protein, a multifunctional protein, has been shown to be associated with a wide range of endocrine diseases and has been linked to thyroid tumourigenesis. However, the relationship between serum klotho levels and thyroid hormones remains poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the correlation between serum klotho levels and thyroid hormones.

Methods
Data was obtained from the NHANES cycles 2007–2008, 2009–2010, and 2011–2012. A total of 4674 participants were recruited for this study. Statistical analysis was using multiple linear regression analyses, and restricted cubic spline plots (RCS) to investigate the association between serum klotho levels and serum levels of thyroid hormones.

Results
In the unadjusted covariate model, ln(klotho) significantly positively correlated with tT3, tT4, fT3, tT4/fT4, and tT3/fT3 (all P<0.01) and negatively correlated with TSH, tT4/tT3, and fT4/fT3 (all P<0.05). Furthermore, tT3, tT4, fT3and tT3/fT3 (P < 0.05) were still significant in the adjusted model. And it is worth noting that there is an approximately L-shaped nonlinear relationship between ln(klotho) and fT3,tT3 with a cut-off point of 6.697 (P-non-linear < 0.05). The stratification analysis showed gender and iodine level differences in the relationship between serum Klotho levels and thyroid hormones.

Conclusion
There is an L-shaped nonlinear relationship between ln(klotho) and fT3, tT3, suggesting that klotho could be involved in the physiological regulation of thyroid function.
Explaining why increases in generic use outpace decreases in brand name medicine use in multisource markets and the role of regulation
Authors: Blankart Katharina E. , Vandoros Sotiris 
Published: May 2024

Background
Healthcare systems worldwide face escalating pharmaceutical expenditures despite interventions targeting pricing and generic substitution. Existing studies often overlook unwarranted volume increases in multisource markets due to differential physician perceptions of brand name and generics.

Objective
This study aims to explain the outpacing of generic medicine use over brand name use in multisource markets and assess the regulatory role, specifically examining the impact of reference pricing on volume and intensity increases.

Methods
Analyzing German multisource prescription medicine markets from 2011 to 2014, we evaluate regulatory mechanisms and explore whether brand name and generic medicines constitute separate market segments. Using an Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition approach, we divide the differential in brand name versus generic medicine use rates into market structure and unobserved segment effects.

Results
Generic use rates surpass same-market brand name substitution by 3.87 prescriptions per physician and medicine, on average. Reference pricing mitigated volume increase, treatment intensity and expenditure. Disparities in quantity and expenditure dynamics between brand name and generic segments are partially explained by market structure and segment effects.

Conclusion
Generic medicine use effectively reduces expenditures but contributes to increased net prescription rates. Reference pricing may control medicine use, but divergent physician perceptions of brand name and generics, revealed by identified segment effects, call for nuanced policy interventions.
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Because of Actinomyces
Authors: Everett Matthew , Kheraj Anusha , Redfield Jordan , Ahmed Nazneen S. , Kumar Aneel , Kothadia Jiten P. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Actinomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous disease that manifests with nonspecific symptoms of abdominal pain, anorexia, and weight loss. The disparity in the presentation of this condition presents a tremendous diagnostic challenge. There are few reports of Actinomyces species causing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis without previous localized masses or abscesses have been published. We provide a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis secondary to Actinomyces species in a 46-year-old woman with uterine fibroids and a lack of preceding abscess. Although rare, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis because of Actinomyces should be considered in differential in female patients without pre-existing liver disease presenting with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru di Masa COVID-19 dalam Menggunakan WhatsApp Sebagai Sarana Pembelajaran
Authors: Legiman  
Published: May 2024

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam memanfaatkan WhatsApp sebagai sarana pembelajaran di masa pandemi Covid-19 di MTsN 1 Kulon Progo.
Metode – Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, dengan metode pengumpulan data dokumentasi, observasi dan tes. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 20 guru. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan lembar penilaian pemanfaatan WhatsApp dengan 12 indikator penilaian di dalamnya. Teknik analisis data menggunakan persentase deskriptif. Adapun indikator keberhasilan dalam penelitian tindakan ini sebesar >75%.
Hasil – Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut diperoleh simpulan yaitu hasil pelaksanaan pengenalan WhatsApp kepada guru mencapai rata-rata sebesar 92,5%. Hal ini menunjukkan peneliti melaksanakan pelatihan dengan kriteria “sangat baik”. Oleh karena itu, berdasarkan hasil pelaksanaan tindakan pada siklus I sampai dengan siklus III dapat disimpulkan maksimal. Kemdian, dari 20 guru diketahui skor rata-rata penggunaan dari seluruh guru adalah sebesar 3,7, dengan hasil konversi nilai rata-rata sebesar 92,5% dan berkategori “Tinggi”. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penelitian tindakan berupa pengenalan pemanfaatan WhatsApp kepada guru di masa Covid-19 sebagai sarana belajar ini dapat dikatakan berhasil, dan meningkatkan penguasaan guru terkait pemanfaatan WhatsApp sebagai sarana kegiatan belajar mengajar
Pengaruh Media Konkret dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika pada Siswa Kelas IV MIN 1 Gunungkidul
Authors: Setyowati Lilik 
Published: May 2024

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuai peningkatan hasil belajar bangun ruang menggunakan media kongkret pada siswa kelas IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 1 Gunungkidul.
Metode – Metode penelitian tindakan kelas, mengikuti model Kemmis dan Taggart, diterapkan melalui siklus perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subyek penelitian adalah 18 siswa kelas IV. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, tes hasil belajar, dan dokumentasi, dengan analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif.
Hasil – Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan hasil belajar matematika materi bangun ruang sederhana siswa kelas IV menggunakan media konkret berupa alat peraga bangun ruang. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari adanya peningkatan nilai siswa materi bangun ruang sebelum dan sesudah diberi tindakan. Peningkatan nilai rata-ratanya yaitu dari prasiklus sebesar 78,6 siklus I sebesar 79,6 dan pada siklus II menjadi 83,2 pada rentang skor nilai 0-100. Persentase ketuntasan pada prasiklus mencapai 66,7%, siklus I mencapai 63% dan pada siklus II mencapai 87,06%. Hasil akhir diketahui bahwa semua nilai rata-rata siswa dan persentase ketuntasan siswa sudah mencapai KKM, sehingga dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui media konkret dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika materi bangun ruang sederhana siswa kelas IV MIN 1 Gunungkidul Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa penggunaan media konkret dapat secara efektif meningkatkan pemahaman matematika siswa. Implikasinya meluas ke luar konteks Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 1 Gunungkidul, menawarkan wawasan bagi pendidik global dalam mengintegrasikan metode serupa untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan matematika.