bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging – Modern techniques and applications
Authors: Jepsen P.U. , Cooke D.G. , Koch M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOver the past three decades a new spectroscopic technique with unique possibilities has emerged. Based on coherent and time‐resolved detection of the electric field of ultrashort radiation bursts in the far‐infrared, this technique has become known as terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS). In this review article the authors describe the technique in its various implementations for static and time‐resolved spectroscopy, and illustrate the performance of the technique with recent examples from solid‐state physics and physical chemistry as well as aqueous chemistry. Examples from other fields of research, where THz spectroscopic techniques have proven to be useful research tools, and the potential for industrial applications of THz spectroscopic and imaging techniques are discussed.
A Novel Thermosensitive Gel Adsorbent for Phosphate Ions
Authors: Gotoh Takehiko , Tanaka Kazunari , Arase Takuya , Sakohara Shuji 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSummary: A novel thermosensitive gel adsorbent for phosphate ions was developed and its adsorption/desorption properties were investigated. The gel adsorbent was made by the copolymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and N‐[3‐(dimethylamino)propyl]acrylamide (DMAPAA). The adsorbent has a volume phase transition temperature (VPTT), below which it becomes hydrophilic. The tertiary amino groups of DMAPAA were ionized and showed a cationic state when the gel swelled. Phosphate ions were adsorbed onto the ionized tertiary amino groups in the gel network below the VPTT and were desorbed above the VPTT because of the suppression of the ionization of the tertiary amino groups of gel and the shrinkage of the gel.
Surface Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol) with Iron(III)chloride Before and After UV‐Irradiation
Authors: Kowalonek Jolanta , Kaczmarek Halina , Bajer Dagmara 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSummary: Surface properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with low content of FeCl3 (1, 5 wt.%) were studied by measurements of contact angles and atomic force microscopy. The results of contact angles and the surface free energy calculations revealed that the hydrophilicity of the surface of PVA films depended on the content of iron (III) chloride in these polymeric films. Introduced salt also affected photochemical reactions in poly(vinyl alcohol). Photooxidation of PVA was more effective in the presence of FeCl3 because of formation of reactive chlorine atoms, which were capable of initiating new reactions. Also the morphology and roughness parameters of PVA film changed when iron (III) chloride was added.
Photodegradation of Poly[methyl(phenyl)silylene] in the Presence of Modifying Substances
Authors: Kochalska Anna , Nožár Juraj , Nešpůrek Stanislav , Peter Jakub 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSummary: Efficiency of the photodegradation of poly[methyl(phenyl)silylene] can be increased by electron acceptor additives with unstable anion radicals. The best chain degradation yield was obtained using benzoyl peroxide as an additive. The model for the photodegradation process is supported by quantum chemical calculations.
Modification of Rice Straw for Heavy Metal Ion Adsorbents by Microwave Heating
Authors: Rungrodnimitchai Supitcha 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSummary: Cellulose in rice straw was chemically modified by phosphorylation using conventional heating or microwave heating. Rice straw pretreated by NaOH solution gave the highest phosphorus content when it was phosphorylated using microwave heating at 450 watt (7.07%P, ion exchange capacity 2.60 meq/g). The 3 hour‐reaction in oil bath yielded the modified rice straw with lower of phosphorus content (6.32%P) and higher ion exchange capacity (2.99 meq/g) than that of microwave heating. The feasibility of the modified rice straw as cation sorbents for removing heavy metal was investigated. Cd2+, Cr3+ and Pb2+ were used as sorbates. In sorption test of 40 ppm with 2.0 g/L of the modified rice straw, both modified rice straws could adsorb metal ions faster than the commercial ion exchange resin (dowax) at the time less than 60 min. The modified rice straw prepared by microwave heating (A‐MCW2) could remove 90% of Cd2+ and Cr3+ in 60 minutes and remove 99% of Pb2+ after 30 min.
Filamentous Supramolecular Structures
Authors: Burchard Walther 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSummary: The formation of four filament forming proteins was studied mainly by light scattering as a function of the scattering angle. Besides the molar mass Mw and the radius of gyration Rg the contour length L, was determined. The corresponding structure parameters are compared with those of the Aβ‐amyloid. A minimum cross‐sectional diameter of 2 nm appeared to be necessary for filament stabilization. Bundle and network formation are often observed and are tentatively explained by thermodynamic arguments. The local conformation of the unimer proteins in the filaments remained largely unexplored. Only in one example CD and IR spectroscopy was applied. The analysis disclosed a β‐sheet/α‐helix transition on de‐naturation, as was conjectured before as reason for the Aβ‐amyloid formation.
Modeling the Effects of Reactor Backmixing on RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Bitsch Boris , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Zhu Shiping 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe effects of reactor backmixing on the outcome of RAFT polymerizations are examined. The kinetic model for the RAFT reaction is based on the first principle of mass balances and the method of moments. Two reactor models were applied for the simulation of backmixing, i.e., a PFTR with loop and multiple CSTRs in series. The models predict the behavior of monomer conversion, molecular weights, their distributions as well as the polydispersities for various chain types at different levels of backmixing. Both models demonstrated that a significant impact of reactor backmixing on RAFT kinetics and polymer molecular weight development exists. magnified image
On the pharyngeal tooth remains of crucian and common carp from the neolithic Tianluoshan site, Zhejiang Province, China, with remarks on the relationship between freshwater fishing and rice cultivation in the Neolithic Age
Authors: Nakajima T. , Nakajima M. , Mizuno T. , Sun G.‐P. , He S.‐P. , Liu H.‐Z. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThe pharyngeal tooth remains of crucian and common carp from the Tinaluoshan site of the Hemudu Cultural Stage, Zhejiang Province, China, were analysed. The body‐lengths (BLs) of the fish were estimated from tooth size and plotted as bar diagrams. Based on these, we infer that Neolithic dwellers used gill nets to efficiently catch fish of a specific size during the breeding season. The BL distribution of common carp there is similar to those from Jomon sites in Japan, and we therefore infer that the technology for controlling water for rice cultivation in paddy fields had not yet been developed. The abundance of tooth remains of crucian carp unearthed at the Tianluoshan site is reminiscent of similar finds in Western Japan, and we thus infer that the culture trait of utilizing crucian carp as a major protein resource was distributed from the Yangtze River basin to Western Japan. Analysis of pharyngeal tooth remains of carp at various Japanese archaeological sites shows that freshwater fishing was conducted quite differently before and after the establishment of paddy fields. With this fact in mind, one of the present authors tried to model the development of freshwater fishing, with reference to the relation of fishing to rice cultivation (Nakajima, 2010). In Phase I, artisanal fishing became an active and technically developed endeavour, and people began to cultivate rice at fishing site. In Phase II, people began to cultivate rice purposefully in irrigated paddy fields while also fishing there. Comparing the present results of the pharyngeal tooth remains from the Tianluoshan site with those from the Jomon Period, we see that the Tianluoshan site was in the same stage as the end of Phase I in Japan, which rice cultivation was done as a supplementary activity at fishing site. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of multiple international healthcare databases for the detection of rare drug‐associated outcomes: a pharmacoepidemiological programme comparing rosuvastatin with other marketed statins
Authors: García Rodríguez Luis A. , Herings Ron , Johansson Saga 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundStatins (inhibitors of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA reductase) are associated with rare but serious adverse events involving the muscle, kidney and liver. To compare the safety profile of rosuvastatin with other marketed statins, four pharmacoepidemiological studies were conducted using different national healthcare databases. These studies used a coordinated methodology to facilitate future meta‐analysis.ObjectiveTo achieve enhanced estimates of rosuvastatin safety relative to other statins, by performing a meta‐analysis of four rosuvastatin safety studies.MethodsOutcomes were identified using computerised codes, and validated using hospital records or questionnaires. Incidence estimates were based on current statin exposure. Incidence estimates for hospitalised myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure and acute liver injury among users of rosuvastatin and users of other statins were pooled across studies using a weighted average corresponding to the Mantel–Haenszel estimate of the common relative risk.ResultsMore than 29 900 person‐years were accrued for rosuvastatin use and more than 166 900 person‐years were accrued for other statin use. Relative to other statins, rosuvastatin was not associated with significant differences in the incidence of hospitalised myopathy (+0.5 cases per 10 000 person‐years; 95%CI: −0.6 to 1.6), rhabdomyolysis (+0.7 cases per 10 000 person‐years; 95%CI: −0.3 to 1.6), acute renal failure (−0.2 cases per 10 000 person‐years; 95%CI: −2.9 to 2.5) or acute liver injury (−0.8 cases per 10 000 person‐years; 95%CI: −1.8 to 0.2).ConclusionIn this large sample (∼200 000 person‐years), no significant difference in the risk of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, acute liver injury or acute renal failure was seen between rosuvastatin and other statins. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gabapentin and suicide attempts
Authors: Gibbons Robert D. , Hur Kwan , Brown C. Hendricks , Mann J. John 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPurposeOn 16 December 2008, FDA issued a class warning for antiepileptic drugs and suicidal thoughts and behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine if the antiepileptic drug gabapentin increases risk of suicide attempt in patients to which it was prescribed for various indications.MethodsWe conducted a pharmacoepidemiologic study in which suicide attempt rates were compared before and after gabapentin was prescribed. We used the PharMetrics medical claims database to study the relationship between gabapentin and suicide attempts in a cohort of 131 178 patients with a 1‐year window of information before and after initial prescription. Patients had diagnoses of epilepsy, pain disorders, bipolar illness, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and other psychiatric disorders.ResultsOverall, there was no significant difference in suicide attempt rates before (3.48/1000 patient years—PY) versus after (3.45/1000 PY) gabapentin prescription. Pre‐prescription suicide attempt rates were five times higher in psychiatric populations compared with non‐psychiatric populations leading us to analyze the two groups separately. No drug effect was detected in the non‐psychiatric populations. Significant reductions in suicide attempt rates were seen for bipolar disorder (47.85/1000 PY versus 31.46/1000 PY), major depressive disorder (17.30/1000 PY versus 12.66/1000 PY), and other psychiatric disorders (12.84/1000 PY versus 10.14/1000 PY). Person–time analysis revealed an overall significant reduction in suicide attempt rates (2.01/1000 PY on drug versus 2.30/1000 PY off drug).ConclusionsThis study finds that gabapentin does not increase risk of suicide attempts in non‐psychiatric populations and is associated with a reduction in suicide attempt risk in patients with psychiatric disorders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel one‐stop multidisciplinary follow‐up clinic for BRCA1/2 carriers: patient satisfaction and decision making
Authors: Firth Clare , Jacobs Christine , Evison Margaret , Pichert Gabriella , Izatt Louise , Hunter Myra S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective: To evaluate patient' satisfaction and cancer risk management decision making, following attendance at a novel multidisciplinary one‐stop follow‐up clinic (MDOSC) for BRCA1/2 carriers.Patients and Methods: 172 patients attended the MDOSC over a 2‐year period between 2006 and 2008. A total of 96 and 76 patients were seen in the first and second year, respectively. All patients who attended the MDOSC were sent a 17‐item Satisfaction Questionnaire (SQ) designed to examine their views about the MDOSC, using rating scales and open questions after the first year. Patients were asked to comment on the most helpful aspects of the MDOSC and on how the service might be improved. Changes were made based on this feedback. During the second year, all patients were given the SQ with three questions about cancer risk management decision making on the day of the MDOSC.Results: In total, 132 (77%) patients responded and overall satisfaction was high with a mean of 8.94 (range 1–10). BRCA1/2 carriers were pleased to see a range of health care professionals on the same day, who they viewed gave consistent information, considered every aspect of care and addressed psychosocial needs. Following improvements, based on patients' feedback, satisfaction significantly increased in year 2. Furthermore, the MDOSC also helped patients to move forward with their cancer risk management decisions.Conclusions: BRCA1/2 carriers were highly satisfied with the MDOSC, which met their needs and helped them to make informed decisions regarding their cancer risk management. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the state‐of‐the‐art in magnetic microwires and expected trends for scientific and technological studies
Authors: Vázquez Manuel , Chiriac Horia , Zhukov Arcady , Panina Larissa , Uchiyama Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRecognizing the importance of magnetic thin wires for science and technology, the 6th International Workshop on Magnetic Wires was held on 6–7 July 2010, in Bodrum, Turkey. A wide range of topics were addressed from technological problems of micro‐ and nanowire fabrication, to advanced physical effects and novel applications. Furthermore, critical discussions on the present state of knowledge and future trends arose during the Panel Session on microwires. In the present report, the main aspects addressed at the Discussion Panel and at workshop presentations are summarized with the aim to state the present and future perspectives on these wire systems. This report is focused upon four topics chosen for broad discussions at the Panel: Fabrication and processing, Magnetization reversal and Dynamics, High‐frequency properties, and Technological applications.
Magnetocaloric effect in an ensemble of diluted magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Warda Krzysztof 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA simple analytical model is presented in order to describe the magnetocaloric effect in an ensemble of magnetic nanoparticles. We confine our considerations to the case of a low concentration of nanoparticles, i.e. when the dipolar interaction among the particles can be neglected. The description of the behaviour of the nanoparticles is based on the Oguchi approach to the relaxation equation, which constitutes an alternative way of the description of magnetization and entropy change for the ensemble of weakly interacting nanoparticles.
Toward surface‐friendly treatment of seeding layer and selected‐area diamond growth
Authors: Babchenko Oleg , Izak Tibor , Ukraintsev Egor , Hruska Karel , Rezek Bohuslav , Kromka Alexander 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSeveral technological approaches of applying photoresistive polymer for patterning the diamond seeding layer while minimizing damage of substrate surface is reported. Reactive ion etching (i.e., dry process) and wet photolithographical processing using two polymer layers are compared and combined as treatment techniques. Subsequently, diamond structures are deposited by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition from a gas mixture of methane diluted in hydrogen. The highest efficiency for selected‐area deposition, with the parasitic density as low as the technological limit of 105 cm−2, was achieved by combining the two treatment techniques. Technological advantages and limitation of dry and wet treatment process are pointed out.
Influence of magnetic Co impurities on the optical interband transitions in ZnO
Authors: Boukortt A. , Hayn R. , Virot F. , Zaoui A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDensity functional calculations of Co‐doped ZnO and a theoretical analysis of the optical interband transitions are presented. That compound is potentially important for spintronics and magneto‐optoelectronic applications. Using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (PW) method we analyze the dielectric functions (real and imaginary part) to understand the optical interband transitions. We show that the local spin‐density approximation (LSDA) has severe drawbacks like a spurious Drude‐like peak and a wrong position of the 3d bands which may be repaired by the LSDA + U method. We show the appearance of new peaks in the optical conductivity related with the magnetic impurities which we analyze in detail.
Variation reduction for multistage manufacturing processes: a comparison survey of statistical‐process‐control vs stream‐of‐variation methodologies
Authors: Liu Jian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe performance of Multistage Manufacturing Processes (MMPs) can be measured by quality, productivity and cost, which are inversely related to the variation of key product characteristics (KPCs). Therefore, it is crucial to reduce KPCs' variations by not only detecting the changes of process parameters, but also identifying the variation sources and eliminating them with corrective actions. Recent developments in the Stream‐of‐Variation (SoV) and Statistical‐Process‐Control (SPC) methodologies significantly improve the variation reduction for MMPs. This paper provides a review on the reported methodologies by comparing these two categories of methodologies in terms of their variation propagation modeling, process monitoring and diagnostic capability. With an illustrative case study, it is concluded that the recent advancements of SoV and SPC methodologies significantly improve the effectiveness of variation reduction. The discussion on the drawbacks of both methodologies also suggests the future research directions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Balkon zum Meer – Die Seebrücke in Saßnitz
Authors: Schlaich Mike , Keil Andreas , Stockhusen Knut , Linden Sebastian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIm Jahr 2007 wurde in Saßnitz der 250 m lange “Balkon zum Meer” fertiggestellt. Die Besonderheit dieser Fußgängerbrücke ist, dass sie über eine freie Spannweite von 120 m als einseitig aufgehängte, im Grundriss gekrümmte Hängebrücke mit exzentrisch angeschlossenen Hängerseilen ausgebildet ist. Die Brücke, die eine seit langem benötigte Verbindung zwischen der Stadt Saßnitz und dem 25 m tiefer liegenden Stadthafen herstellt, wurde 2010 mit dem Deutschen Brückenbaupreis ausgezeichnet. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt den Entwurf, die konstruktive Durchbildung und die Bauausführung dieser einzigartigen Konstruktion.alcony overlooking the sea – The Sea Bridge Saßnitz, Germany. In July 2007, a 250 m long suspension bridge for pedestrians was inaugurated in the city of Saßnitz on Rügen Island in the German part of the Baltic Sea. The curved part of the deck of 120 m length is supported by cables on one side only. The bridge, one of the longest of its kind, is part of an urban renewal project. It reconnects Saßnitz Harbour to the city, being separated from each other during the cold war.The most interesting feature of this bridge is the cantilevering support girders that protrude from the deck to connect to the hangers so that their axes aim towards the centre of gravity of the pertinent deck section. This structural solution allows for one‐sided hanger supports without causing bending or torsion in the curved girder due to distributed dead load or live loads. The paper describes the structural concept of the Saßnitz Bridge. It also elaborates on structural design and erection issues.
Stahldeckensysteme
Authors: Ungermann Dieter , Strohmann Isabel , Brune Bettina 
Published: October 2010

AbstractModerne Deckensysteme müssen neben den statisch‐konstruktiven Anforderungen einer Vielzahl weiterer Entwurfsaspekte genügen, um am Markt bestehen zu können. Nachfolgend werden nach einer Einführung die verschiedenen marktgängigen Deckensysteme beschrieben. Im Weiteren werden neuere Entwicklungen von Deckensystemen insbesondere hinsichtlich der Multifunktionalität und der Nachhaltigkeit aufgezeigt.Steel floor structural systems. In addition to static and structural requirements, modern floor systems must meet a variety of other design issues, in order to survive on the market. After an introduction, various commercially available floor systems are described. In addition, recent developments of floor systems are presented, particularly concerning multi‐functionality and sustainability issues.
Plasma und Dünne Schichten
Authors: Bewig Lars , Kromer Jens 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPlasma and thin films for lighting applicationThin films play an important role in the lighting industry. Well known products are reflectors with simple aluminium coating or with dichroic coatings for cold light mirrors. Especially for energy saving applications special halogen bulbs are coated with a transparent hot mirror that increases the overall efficiency up to 50 % while keeping the positive properties of halogen lighting like color, color rendering index, start up performance and others unchanged. Special thin film applications realize color filters, IR filters, UV filters or color conversion filters. All these processes are vacuum processes that work with plasma assistance. The most prominent technologies for cost effective production are the PICVD processes (former development of SCHOTT AG in cooperation with Auer Lighting) and the Microdyn® technology from DSI, Santa Rosa.
Dünnschicht‐Photovoltaik in Deutschland
Authors: Sittinger Volker , Diehl Wolfgang , Szyszka Bernd 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDas Deutsche Energie‐Einspeisegesetz fördert auch weiterhin das Wachstum des Photovoltaikmarktes in Deutschland. Durch die vorgesehene Kostendegression sind die Firmen gefordert, eine stetige Wirkungsgradsteigerung bei gleichzeitiger Reduktion der Prozesskosten umzusetzen. Dies muss durch eine stetige Steigerung der Forschungsleistung erbracht werden. Ziel ist eine möglichst schnelle Senkung der Stromentstehungskosten in den Bereich der mit konventionellen Energieträgern erreichbaren Kosten bzw. darunter. Die deutsche Industrie‐ und Forschungslandschaft ist hier sehr gut aufgestellt. Die Industrie hat den Anspruch, bis 2020 europaweit 12 Prozent des Strombedarfs durch Photovoltaik zu decken [5]. In Deutschland deckt der Anteil momentan ca.1 Prozent des Strombedarfs. Für Deutschland sind die Aussichten, neben der etablierten kristallinen Siliziumtechnologie vor allem im Bereich der Dünnschicht‐Photovoltaik weltweit eine Vorreiterrolle zu übernehmen, sehr gut.