bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tomato Molecular Markers
Authors: Szczechura Wojciech , Staniaszek Mirosława , Habdas Hanna 
Published: August 2011

Tomato Molecular Markers
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most popular vegetable grown in many regions of the world. Due to its high taste quality and nutritional value increase interest in the cultivation of this species and its consumption. Using the latest achievements in fields of genetics, molecular biology and biotechnology, breeders can create new varieties with improved useful traits. Introduction of DNA markers, especially those based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has led to breakthrough in the plants genetic research, including tomato. They are successfully used for plant genomes mapping, phylogenetics studies, selection of parental forms in plant breeding, and above all to identify the genes of important traits. For tomato have been identified and mapped 9309 molecular markers. High-density genetic maps development gives an opportunity to use them in genetic research and breeding programs. Identification of DNA markers closely linked to studied gene can significantly facilitate the identification of desirable traits in material breeding, or accelerate the plants selection for elimination of genotypes with undesirable genes. Material breeding selection using molecular markers, defined as MAS (marker-assisted-selection) is increasingly being used in tomato breeding programs, contributing to facilitated identification of genes or QTL and their transfer into the cultivated species from wild form.
The Effect of Storage in Modified Atmosphere on Changes in Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Coleslaw Salad
Authors: Radziejewska-Kubzdela Elżbieta , Biegańska-Marecik Róża 
Published: August 2011

The Effect of Storage in Modified Atmosphere on Changes in Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Coleslaw Salad
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different compositions of modified atmospheres and packaging film's microperforation density on changes in the levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in a cole-slaw mix stored for 12 days at 4°C. The salad was made up of 80% shredded head cabbage cv. Galaxy F1 and 20% carrot cv. Perfekcja. The samples were packaged in modified atmospheres with the following concentration (%) of O2/CO2/N2: 20/25/55, 50/30/20 and 70/30/0, as well as in normal air. Trays with samples of the prepared mix were sealed with a packaging film with oxygen permeability of 2500 cm3/m2/24h* bar. The film was microperforated using one (1×10) or two (2×10) cylinders 7 cm in diameter with 10 needles 70 μm in diameter. The levels of total and free phenols in the product, and the product's antioxidant capacity were determined after 0, 9 and 12 days of storage.
After 12 days of storage, the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity of the tested samples were significantly higher than those of the fresh salad. In the case of free phenolic compounds, their level was significantly lower than in the salad before storage.
The salad samples packaged in the film with 2×10 microperforations contained higher levels of total phenols and had a higher antioxidant capacity than the samples sealed with the film with 1×10 microperforations.
Effects of Vermicompost, Fertilizer and Mulch on Plant Growth, Nodulation and Pod Yield of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Singh B. , Pathak K. , Verma A. , Verma V. , Deka B. 
Published: August 2011

Effects of Vermicompost, Fertilizer and Mulch on Plant Growth, Nodulation and Pod Yield of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Integration of vermicompost and organic mulch as elements of vegetable production system sustain soil fertility and crop productivity. A field experiment was conducted with the objective to investigate the effects of vermicompost, NPK fertilizer and organic mulch on crop growth, nodulation and pod yield of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with an ultimate aim of optimizing water and nutrient requirement in mild-tropical climate during dry season. The shoot growth traits, namely shoot length, number of primary branches, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight were increased by 28-63% through application of N P2O5 K2O 8:13:10 kg·ha-1 + vermicompost 3.75 t·ha-1 and by 5-50% in organic mulching treatments. Application of vermicompost reduced nodule fresh weight and nodule dry weight by 44.9 and 44.5%, respectively. Likewise, corresponding nodule number, nodule fresh weight and nodule dry weight were reduced by 8.6, 11.1 and 14.1% with organic mulching. Poor nodulations might be due to reduced oxygenation of the soils under vermicompost and organic mulch which is ultimately impeding the nitrogenase activity and biological nitrogen fixation. Mulching of French bean with dried grasses and crop residues are also led to higher single pod weight, pod length, pod weight/plant and pod yield by 10.9, 12.8, 20.1 and 20.2%, respectively. Present study shows that application of N P2O5 K2O fertilizer 8-15:13-25:10-20 kg·ha-1, vermicompost 2.50-3.75 t·ha-1, 4 cm thick mulch of dried crop residues and 50% irrigation is the most suitable and sustainable strategy to improve plant growth, pod formation and pod yield of French bean, and soil health of mild-tropical climate during dry season.
Recognition of Class I MHC by a Rat Ly49 NK Cell Receptor Is Dependent on the Identity of the P2 Anchor Amino Acid of Bound Peptide
Authors: Ma Brian J. , Kane Kevin P. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Members of the rodent Ly49 receptor family control NK cell responsiveness and demonstrate allele specificity for MHC class I (MHC-I) ligands. For example, the rat Ly49i2 inhibitory NK cell receptor binds RT1-A1c but not other rat MHC class Ia or Ib molecules. RT1-A1c preferentially binds peptides with proline at the second, or P2, position, which defines it as an HLA-B7 supertype MHC-I molecule. Previously, our laboratory showed that mutations within the MHC-I supertype-defining B-pocket of RT1-A1c could lead to alterations in P2 anchor residues of the peptide repertoire bound by RT1-A1c and loss of recognition by Ly49i2. Although suggestive of peptide involvement, it was unclear whether the peptide P2 anchor residue or alteration of the RT1-A1c primary sequence influenced Ly49i2 recognition. Therefore, we directly investigated the role of the P2 anchor residue of RT1-A1c–bound peptides in Ly49i2 recognition. First, fluorescent multimers generated by refolding soluble recombinant RT1-A1c with individual synthetic peptides differing only at the P2 anchor residue were examined for binding to Ly49i2 NK cell transfectants. Second, cytotoxicity by Ly49i2-expressing NK cells toward RMA-S target cells expressing RT1-A1c bound with peptides that only differ at the P2 anchor residue was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that Ly49i2 recognizes RT1-A1c bound with peptides that have Pro or Val at P2, whereas little or no recognition is observed when RT1-A1c is complexed with peptide bearing Gln at P2. Thus, the identity of the P2 peptide anchor residue is an integral component of MHC-I recognition by Ly49i2.
Long-Lived Plasma Cells from Human Small Intestine Biopsies Secrete Immunoglobulins for Many Weeks In Vitro
Authors: Mesin Luka , Di Niro Roberto , Thompson Keith M. , Lundin Knut E. A. , Sollid Ludvig M. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
To understand the biology of Ab-secreting cells in the human small intestine, we examined Ab production of intestinal biopsies kept in culture. We found sustained IgA and IgM secretion as well as viable IgA- or IgM-secreting cells after &gt;4 wk of culture. The Ab-secreting cells were nonproliferating and expressing CD27 and CD138, thus having a typical plasma cell phenotype. Culturing of biopsies without tissue disruption gave the highest Ab production and plasma cell survival suggesting that the environment regulates plasma cell longevity. Cytokine profiling of the biopsy cultures demonstrated a sustained presence of IL-6 and APRIL. Blocking of the activity of endogenous APRIL and IL-6 with BCMA–Fc and anti-human IL-6 Ab demonstrated that both these factors were essential for plasma cell survival and Ab secretion in the biopsy cultures. This study demonstrates that the human small intestine harbors a population of nonproliferating plasma cells that are instructed by the microenvironment for prolonged survival and Ab secretion.
Myosin 1c Participates in B Cell Cytoskeleton Rearrangements, Is Recruited to the Immunologic Synapse, and Contributes to Antigen Presentation
Authors: Maravillas-Montero José L. , Gillespie Peter G. , Patiño-López Genaro , Shaw Stephen , Santos-Argumedo Leopoldo 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Myosin 1c (Myo1c) is a member of the unconventional class I myosins of vertebrates, which directly link the plasma membrane with the microfilament cortical web. Although this molecular motor has been implicated in cell functions such as cytoskeleton organization, cell motility, nuclear transcription, and endocytosis, its role in hematopoietic cells is largely unknown. In this study, we show that Myo1c is abundantly expressed in murine B lymphocytes and is preferentially located at the plasma membrane, especially in peripheral processes such as microvilli. We observed that this motor concentrates at the growing membrane protrusions generated during B cell spreading and that it is actively recruited to the immune synapse. Interestingly, Myo1c was detected in lipid rafts of B cells and showed strong colocalization with MHC-II, particularly after cross-linking of these molecules. By transfection of a dominant negative form of Myo1c or specific siRNA, we also detected alterations in the spreading and Ag-presenting ability of these cells. The data suggest that Myo1c is involved in the cytoskeleton dynamics and membrane protein anchoring or sorting in B lymphocytes.
Miz-1 Is Required To Coordinate the Expression of TCRβ and p53 Effector Genes at the Pre-TCR “β-Selection” Checkpoint
Authors: Saba Ingrid , Kosan Christian , Vassen Lothar , Klein-Hitpass Ludger , Möröy Tarik 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Miz-1 is a Broad-complex, Tramtrack and Bric-à-brac/pox virus zinc finger domain (BTB/POZ)-containing protein expressed in lymphoid precursors that can activate or repress transcription. We report in this article that mice expressing a nonfunctional Miz-1 protein lacking the BTB/POZ domain (Miz-1ΔPOZ) have a severe differentiation block at the pre-T cell “β-selection” checkpoint, evident by a drastic reduction of CD4−CD8− double-negative–3 (DN3) and DN4 cell numbers. T cell-specific genes including Rag-1, Rag-2, CD3ε, pTα, and TCRβ are expressed in Miz-1–deficient cells and V(D)J recombination is intact, but few DN3/DN4 cells express a surface pre-TCR. Miz-1–deficient DN3 cells are highly apoptotic and do not divide, which is consistent with enhanced expression of p53 target genes such as Cdkn1a, PUMA, and Noxa. However, neither coexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl2 nor the deletion of p21CIP1 nor the combination of both relieved Miz-1–deficient DN3/DN4 cells from their differentiation block. Only the coexpression of rearranged TCRαβ and Bcl2 fully rescued Miz-1–deficient DN3/DN4 cell numbers and enabled them to differentiate into DN4TCRβ+ and double-positive cells. We propose that Miz-1 is a critical factor for the β-selection checkpoint and is required for both the regulation of p53 target genes and proper expression of the pre-TCR to support the proliferative burst of DN3 cells during T cell development.
Psychological Status in Patients Seeking Rhinoplasty
Authors: Piromchai Patorn , Suetrong Surapol , Arunpongpaisal Suwanna 
Published: August 2011

Background Rhinoplasty is the most common operation performed by our facial plastic surgery unit. Recognition of patients with psychological problems which may result in an unfavourable post-operative outcome is essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychological status of patients seeking rhinoplasty, compared with the general population. Methods We prospectively collected the data from patients who requested rhinoplasty in Srinagarind hospital, Thailand and controls. We used the general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) for psychological problems detection. Results We included a total of 196 participants, 98 in study group and 98 in control group. The study group has a 5.5 times (95% CI 1.25 to 24.17, P = 0.01) higher risk for poor mental status more than control group. Conclusions The patients seeking rhinoplasty group were more likely to have psychological problems when compared with the control group. Surgeons should be aware of the patient's psychological status before performing the operation.
Peptidomic Approaches to Study Proteolytic Activity
Authors: Lyons Peter J. , Fricker Lloyd D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPeptidomics, the analysis of the peptide content of cells or tissues, can be used to study proteases in several ways. First, nearly all of the peptides detected in cells and tissues are proteolytic fragments of proteins. Analysis of the peptides therefore provides information regarding the proteolytic activities that occurred to generate the observed peptides. The use of quantitative peptidomic approaches allows the comparison of relative peptide levels in two or more different samples, which enables studies examining the consequences of increasing proteolytic activity (by enzyme activation or overexpression) or reducing proteolytic activity (by inhibition, knock down, or knock out). Quantitative peptidomics can also be used to directly test the cleavage specificity of purified proteases. For this, peptides are purified from the tissue or cell line of interest, incubated in the presence of various amounts of protease or in the absence of protease, and then analyzed by the quantitative peptidomics approach. This reveals which peptides are preferred substrates, which are products, and which are not cleaved. Collectively, these studies complement conventional approaches to study proteolytic activity and allow for a more complete understanding of an enzyme's substrate specificity. This unit describes the use of quantitative peptidomics in the analysis of the biological peptidome as well as in the in vitro analysis of peptidase activity. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 65:18.13.1‐18.13.12. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Parameter tracking with partial forgetting method
Authors: Dedecius K. , Nagy I. , Kárný M. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThis paper concerns the Bayesian tracking of slowly varying parameters of a linear stochastic regression model. The modelled and predicted system output is assumed to possess time‐varying mean value, whereas its dynamics are relatively stable. The proposed estimation method models the system output mean value by time‐varying offset. It formulates three extreme hypotheses on model parameters' variability: (i) no parameter varies; (ii) all parameters vary; and (iii) the offset varies. The Bayesian paradigm then provides a mixture as posterior distribution, which is appropriately projected to a feasible class. Exponential forgetting at ‘second’ hypotheses level allows tracking of slow variations of respective hypotheses.The developed technique is an example of a general procedure called partial forgetting. Focus on a simple example allows to demonstrate essence of the approach. Moreover, it is important per se as it corresponds with a varying load of otherwise (almost) time‐invariant dynamic system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sintered Hydroxyapatite/Polyetheretherketone Nanocomposites: Mechanical Behavior and Biocompatibility
Authors: Li Kai , Yeung Che Yan , Yeung Kelvin Wai Kwok , Tjong Sie Chin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHydroxyapatite nanorods (nHA) are employed to fill polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites. The PEEK/nHA nanocomposites containing 15.1–38.2 vol% nHA are fabricated by powder processing and sintering. Their mechanical, thermal and in vitro cell properties are investigated. The tensile strength and fracture strain of PEEK‐ nanocomposites filled with 21.6 and 29.2 vol% nHA match closely with those of human cortical bones. Sintered 15.1 and 29.2 vol% nHA/PEEK nanocomposites exhibit excellent biocompatibility. The 29.2 vol.% nHA/PEEK nanocomposite promotes adhesion and proliferation of mouse and human osteoblasts effectively.
Supported Graphene from Natural Resources: Easy Preparation and Applications
Authors: Ruiz‐Hitzky Eduardo , Darder Margarita , Fernandes Francisco M. , Zatile Ezzouhra , Palomares Francisco Javier , Aranda Pilar 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRecent results demonstrating the possibility of preparing graphene‐like materials from natural resources such as sucrose (table sugar) and gelatin assembled to silica‐based porous solids without a requirement for reducing agents are discussed. The resulting materials show interesting characteristics, such as simultaneous conducting behavior afforded by the sp2 carbon sheets, together with chemical reactivity and structural features, provided by the silicate backbone, which are of interest for diverse high‐performance applications. The formation mechanism of supported graphene is still unclear, with further studies being needed to optimize its preparation following these green processes.
New fossils of the oldest North American euprimate Teilhardina brandti (Omomyidae) from the paleocene–eocene thermal maximum
Authors: Rose Kenneth D. , Chester Stephen G.B. , Dunn Rachel H. , Boyer Doug M. , Bloch Jonathan I. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMore than 25 new specimens of Teilhardina brandti, one of the oldest known euprimates, are reported from earliest Eocene strata of the southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. The new fossils include the first upper dentitions, a dentary showing the lower dental formula for the first time, and the first postcrania ascribed to T. brandti (tarsals and terminal phalanges). The elongated navicular and long talar neck suggest that T. brandti was an active arboreal quadruped, and the terminal phalanges constitute the oldest evidence for nails in Euprimates. Phylogenetic analysis incorporating the new data indicates that T. brandti is more derived than T. belgica but less so than T. americana. The hypothesis that Teilhardina originated in Asia (T. asiatica) and dispersed westward to Europe (T. belgica) and then to North America (T. brandti and T. magnoliana) during the earliest Eocene Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum is most consistent with available evidence, including the relative age of fossil samples and their stage of evolution. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel silicone containing vinylic macromonomer and its uses in the preparation of poly (silicone‐co‐styrene‐co‐butylacrylate) with montmorillonite nanocomposite emulsion
Authors: Naghash Hamid Javaherian , Hajati Farhad 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA new silicone containing macromonomer, 4‐(methacrylamido) phenoxy polymethylhydrosiloxane (4‐MPMHS) with a vinyl group, was successfully synthesized. Then poly (silicone‐co‐styrene‐co‐butylacrylate) with montmorillonite, P (Si‐co‐St‐co‐BA) with MMT nanocomposite emulsion was prepared by in situ intercalative emulsion polymerization of styrene (St), butyl acrylate (BA), and 4‐MPMHS, in the presence of organic modified montmorillonite (OMMT) with different OMMT contents (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2 wt %). Potassium persulphate (KPS) was used as an initiator and sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (SLSA) and nonyl phenol ethylene oxide—40 U (NP‐40) were used as anionic and nonionic emulsifiers, respectively. The resulting macromonomer was characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transformer infrared (FT‐IR), proton (1H NMR), and carbon (13C NMR) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopes. The OMMT was characterized by FT‐IR and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The nanocomposite emulsions were characterized by using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), laser light scattering, and surface tension method. Thermal properties of the copolymers were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and then the effects of OMMT percent on the water absorption ratio and drying speed were examined. Results showed that OMMT could improve the properties of emulsion. In other words, the properties of nanocomposite emulsions were better when compared with those of the silicone‐acrylate emulsion. The property of nanocomposite emulsion containing 1 wt % OMMT was the best one, and the following advantages were obtained: smaller particle size, faster drying speed, smaller surface tension, and improved water resistance by the incorporation of OMMT. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Evaluation of an information source illustrated by a case study: Effect of screening for breast cancer
Authors: Hjørland Birger 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIt is argued that to evaluate an information source (e.g., a Wikipedia article), it is necessary to relate the content of that source to an interpretation of the state of knowledge at the research front (which is typically developing dynamically). In the research literature, there is a controversy about the effect of screening programs for breast cancer. This controversy is used to compare the value of Wikipedia with Encyclopedia Britannica and two Danish encyclopedias as information sources. It is argued that this method of examining information sources is preferable to other methods which have been suggested in the literature.
Microcarrier expansion of mouse embryonic stem cell‐derived neural stem cells in stirred bioreactors
Authors: Rodrigues Carlos A. V. , Diogo Maria Margarida , da Silva Cláudia Lobato , Cabral Joaquim M. S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSCs) are self‐renewing multipotent cells, able to differentiate into the phenotypes present in the central nervous system. Applications of NSCs may include toxicology, fundamental research, or cell therapies. The culture of floating cell clusters, called “neurospheres,” is widely used for the propagation of NSC populations in vitro but shows several limitations, which may be circumvented by expansion under adherent conditions. In particular, the derivation of distinct populations of NSCs from embryonic stem cells capable of long‐term culture under adherent conditions without losing differentiation potential was recently described. However, the expansion of these cells in agitated bioreactors has not been addressed until now and was the aim of this study. Selected microcarriers were tested under dynamic conditions in spinner flasks. Superior performance was observed with polystyrene beads coated with a recombinant peptide containing the Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) motif (Pronectin F). After optimization of the culture, a 35‐fold increase in cell number was achieved after 6 days. High cellular viability and multipotency were maintained throughout the culture. The study presented here may be the basis for the development of larger scale bioprocesses for expansion of these and other populations of adherent NSCs, either from mouse or human origin.