bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial representations of odorants in olfactory bulbs of rats and mice: Similarities and differences in chemotopic organization
Authors: Johnson Brett A. , Xu Zhe , Ali Sameera S. , Leon Michael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn previous studies, we mapped glomerular layer 2‐deoxyglucose uptake evoked by hundreds of both systematically related and chemically distinct odorants in rat olfactory bulbs. To determine which principles of chemotopic organization revealed in these studies may be more fundamental and which may be more species typical, we now have characterized patterns of responses to 30 of these odorants in mice. We found that only a few odorants evoked their multiple foci of peak activity in exactly the same locations in the two species. In mice, as in rats, odorants that shared molecular features evoked overlapping patterns, but the locations of the feature‐responsive domains often differed in rats and mice. In rats, increasing carbon number within a homologous series of aliphatic odorants is generally associated with rostral and ventral progressions of activity within domains responding to odorant functional group and/or hydrocarbon backbone. Such chemotopic progressions were not obvious in mice, which instead showed more abrupt differences in activated glomeruli within the domains for odorants differing by a single methylene group. Despite the differences, quantitative relationships between overall uptake patterns exhibited a similar organization with respect to odorant chemistry for the two species, probably as a result of partial overlaps of peak domains and more extensive overlaps in large, low‐activity areas for rats and mice. We conclude that clustering responses to shared odorant features may be a general strategy for odor coding but that the specific locations of high‐activity domains may be unique to a species. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:658–673, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectroscopic Investigation of the Ultrafast Photoinduced Dynamics in π‐Conjugated Terpyridines
Authors: Siebert Ronald , Akimov Denis , Schmitt Michael , Winter Andreas , Schubert Ulrich S. , Dietzek Benjamin , Popp Jürgen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUltrafast light‐induced processes in a series of π‐conjugated mono‐, bis‐, tris‐ and tetrakis(terpyridine) derivatives are investigated by femtosecond time‐resolved spectroscopy. Non‐exponential excited‐state dynamics involving singlet–triplet intersystem crossing are observed which span from picoseconds to nanoseconds (see figure).magnified imageTime‐resolved spectroscopy is applied to investigate the ultrafast relaxation dynamics of several π‐conjugated mono‐, bis‐, tris‐ and tetrakis(terpyridine) derivatives. This particular series of structurally closely related systems was prepared applying efficient synthetic strategies and resembles key building blocks for a wide range of photoactive complexes, dendrimers and metallo‐polymers with resulting potential applications, for example, in photovoltaics or as organic light‐emitting diodes. Aiming for applications of supramolecular assemblies based on these recently presented terpyridine ligands a detailed knowledge of the light‐induced processes of the ligands themselves represents a prerequisite. By applying femtosecond time‐resolved absorption spectroscopy in concert with time‐resolved fluorescence and Raman measurements, we detail the photophysical properties.
Effusion cytomorphology and immunocytochemistry of malignant melanoma: Five cases of melanotic melanoma and one case of amelanotic melanoma
Authors: Ikeda Katsuhide , Tate Genshu , Iezumi Keiichi , Suzuki Takao , Kitamura Takashi , Mitsuya Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEffusion cytological analyses of amelanotic malignant melanoma (AMM) are very rare and no concise description of AMM related cytomorphologic features using effusion have been reported. Here, we report the cytomorphological, immunohistochemical, and immunocytochemical findings in the effusion cytology of six cases of malignant melanoma (MM), one case of AMM, and five cases of melanotic malignant melanoma.Papanicolaou‐stained smears exhibited conspicuous nucleoli, multinucleation, and cytoplasmic vacuolization in all of the MM cases. In addition, the AMM case displayed numerous mitotic figures and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. With regard to the immunohistochemistry findings, all six cases of melanoma were positive for Melan‐A/MART‐1, HBME‐1, and S‐100. In the immunohistochemistry analyses, five of six cases of melanoma were positive for WT‐1, as was the AMM specimen. Furthermore, because the effusion analysis of malignant mesothelioma proved positive for WT‐1, it should be noted that WT‐1 effusion analysis is not an appropriate means to distinguish between MM and malignant mesothelioma.We suggest that it is important to recognize cytomorphologic characteristics, such as melanin pigment, conspicuous nucleoli, multinucleation, and cytoplasmic vacuolization, and to choose appropriate antibodies for the correct diagnosis of MM in effusion. Diagn. Cytopathol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Defective development of the gall bladder and cystic duct in Lgr4‐ hypomorphic mice
Authors: Yamashita Ryo , Takegawa Yumiko , Sakumoto Machiko , Nakahara Mai , Kawazu Haruna , Hoshii Takayuki , Araki Kimi , Yokouchi Yuji , Yamamura Ken‐Ichi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLeucine‐rich repeat (LRR) ‐containing G protein coupled receptor (LGR) family members are characterized by the presence of a seven‐transmembrane domain and LRR motifs. We describe a new function for Lgr4 in the development of the gall bladder and cystic duct and in the epithelium–mesenchyme interaction. Lgr4 expression was observed in the gall bladder epithelium when the gall bladder primordium elongated ventrally. Although Lgr4 hypomorphic mutant (Lgr4Gt/Gt) embryos developed a normal gall bladder bud at embryonic day (E) 10.25, no further elongation was observed at later stages. At E12.5, the mesenchyme surrounding the gall bladder had completely disappeared in Lgr4Gt/Gt embryos, while the gall bladder remained unelongated. Neighboring tissues such as liver and pancreas were unaffected, as revealed by expression of marker genes. This is the first report of a mutant mouse that lacks a gall bladder and cystic duct without affecting the other tissues that derive from the same hepatic diverticulum. Developmental Dynamics 238:993–1000, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic organization and plasticity of sponge bodies
Authors: Snee Mark J. , Macdonald Paul M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSponge bodies, cytoplasmic structures containing post‐transcriptional regulatory factors, are distributed throughout the nurse cells and oocytes of the Drosophila ovary and share components with P bodies of yeast and mammalian cells. We show that sponge body composition differs between nurse cells and the oocyte, and that the sponge bodies change composition rapidly after entry into the oocyte. We identify conditions that affect sponge body organization. At one extreme, components are distributed relatively uniformly or in small dispersed bodies. At the other extreme, components are present in large reticulated bodies. Both types of sponge bodies allow normal development, but show substantial differences in distribution of Staufen protein and oskar mRNA, whose localization within the oocyte is essential for axial patterning. Based on these and other results we propose a model for the relationship between P bodies and the various cytoplasmic bodies containing P body proteins in the Drosophila ovary. Developmental Dynamics 238:918–930, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lmx1b‐expressing cells in the mouse limb bud define a dorsal mesenchymal lineage compartment
Authors: Qiu Qiong , Chen Haixu , Johnson Randy L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe LIM‐homeodomain transcription factor lmx1b is a critical regulator of vertebrate dorsal–ventral limb patterning. In the mouse embryo, lmx1b is initially transcribed throughout most, if not all, limb bud cells at early stages, but then rapidly becomes restricted specifically to dorsal mesenchymal cells with a sharp boundary between the dorsal‐positive and ventral‐negative expression domains. How this expression pattern is initially established is not well understood, nor are mechanism(s) that maintain a sharp dorsal–ventral boundary between lmx1b expressing and nonexpressing cells. Here, we employ a genetic fate mapping approach to establish that the transition from a broad expression domain of lmx1b to a restricted dorsal domain of expression involves selective loss of lmx1b expression in presumptive ventral cells. In addition, we show that once lmx1b expression becomes restricted to dorsal mesenchyme cells, these cells form a lineage‐based compartment that prevents mixing between dorsal and ventral cells, consistent with recent fate mapping experiments carried out the chick and mouse (Pearse et al.,2007, Dev Biol 310:388–400; Arques et al.,2007, Development 134:3713–3722). Moreover, lmx1b activity is required to maintain, but not to establish the dorsal mesenchymal compartment likely through a mechanism involving differential cell adhesion. Taken together, our results indicate that lmx1b expressing cell define a dorsal limb bud mesenchymal lineage compartment and that maintenance of this compartment depends on lmx1b function. genesis 47:224–233, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gonadal sex differentiation and expression of Sox9a2, Dmrt1, and Foxl2 in Oryzias luzonensis
Authors: Nakamoto Masatoshi , Muramatsu Shinsuke , Yoshida Shoko , Matsuda Masaru , Nagahama Yoshitaka , Shibata Naoki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOryzias luzonensis is closely related to the medaka, O. latipes. The sex of both species is determined by an XX‐XY system. However, the testis determining gene (DMY/Dmrt1bY) found in O. latipes does not exist in O. luzonensis. Instead, a different gene is thought to act as a testis determining gene. In this study, we focused the gonadal sex differentiation process in O. luzonensis under different testis determining gene. First, we observed the gonadal development of O. luzonensis histologically. We then analyzed the expression of Sox9a2/Sox9b, Dmrt1, and Foxl2 during early development. Our results suggest that the sexual differentiation of germ cells in O. luzonensis is initiated later than in O. latipes. However, the timing of the sexual differentiation of the supporting cell linage is similar between the species. genesis 47:289–299, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the Dll1 mesoderm enhancer element
Authors: Wehn Amy K. , Gallo Phillip H. , Chapman Deborah L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo study paraxial mesoderm formation in the mouse, transgenic lines that can be used to either selectively delete or express genes of interest in the paraxial mesoderm are required. We have generated a transgenic mouse line that expresses Cre recombinase in the paraxial mesoderm (PAM) beginning at e7.5. A lacZ Cre recombinase reporter line showed that in addition to PAM and its derivatives, lateral plate and intermediate mesoderm derivatives were also exposed to Cre activity, while the node, notochord, and cardiac mesoderm were not. We further demonstrate that 70–75% of the fibroblasts generated from Dll1‐msd Cre, ROSA26‐rtTA embryos possess Cre recombinase activity. These mice can therefore be used in combination with tet‐responsive transgenic lines to generate mesoderm‐derived embryonic fibroblasts that inducibly express a gene of interest. genesis 47:309–313, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Click Chemistry Inspired Synthesis of Novel Ferrocenyl‐Substituted Amino Acids or Peptides
Authors: Sudhir V. Sai , Venkateswarlu Ch. , Musthafa O. T. Muhammed , Sampath S. , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis work reports on the synthesis of a wide range of ferrocenyl‐substituted amino acids and peptides in excellent yield. Conjugation is established via copper‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. Two complementary strategies were employed for conjugation, one involving cycloaddition of amino acid derived azides with ethynyl ferrocene 1 and the other involves cycloaddition between amino acid derived alkynes with ferrocene‐derived azides 2 and 3. Labeling of amino acids at multiple sites with ferrocene is discussed. A new route to 1,1′‐unsymmetrically substituted ferrocene conjugates is reported. A novel ferrocenophane 19 is accessed via bimolecular condensation of amino acid derived bis‐alkyne 9b with the azide 2. The electrochemical behavior of some selected ferrocene conjugates has been studied by cyclic voltammetry.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Internal Cysteine Accelerates Thioester‐Based Peptide Ligation
Authors: Haase Christian , Seitz Oliver 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThioester‐mediated peptide coupling reactions are powerful tools in protein synthesis. The fragment coupling occurs extremely fast at ligation sites that contain an N‐terminal cysteine residue. This native chemical ligation involves a capture step that affixes the acyl component in the immediate vicinity of the N‐terminal amino group. The subsequent intramolecular S,N‐acyl transfer step proceeds via an entropically favored five‐membered ring intermediate. In this study we investigated whether sequence internal cysteine residues that lead to the formation of macrocyclic intermediates are also able to accelerate the rate of thioester‐based fragment couplings. It was the aim to identify distance requirements that enable internal cysteine‐mediated ligation reactions to proceed at synthetically useful rates. It was found that appropriately positioned cysteine residues can induce up to 25‐fold rate enhancements compared to a cysteine‐lacking control peptide. Highest ligation rates and yields were obtained when the internal thiol amino acid was incorporated at the fifth or sixth position from the N‐terminus of the C‐terminal coupling segment. The findings reveal a correlation between the size of the macrocyclic ring intermediate and the ease of the peptide ligation. Internal cysteine ligation may provide the opportunity to shift amino acid cysteine bonds that are difficult to access through native chemical ligation (such as Pro–Cys bonds) by 4–5 amino acids to the N‐terminus.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Numerical methods for low‐order modeling of fluid flows based on POD
Authors: Weller J. , Lombardi E. , Bergmann M. , Iollo A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper explores some numerical alternatives that can be exploited to derive efficient low‐order models of the Navier–Stokes equations. It is shown that an optimal solution sampling can be derived using appropriate norms of the Navier–Stokes residuals. Then the classical Galerkin approach is derived in the context of a residual minimization method that is similar to variational multiscale modeling. Finally, calibration techniques are reviewed and applied to the computation of unsteady aerodynamic forces. Examples pertaining to both non‐actuated and actuated flows are shown. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential regulation of human thymosin beta 15 isoforms by transforming growth factor beta 1
Authors: Banyard Jacqueline , Barrows Courtney , Zetter Bruce R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe recently identified an additional isoform of human thymosin beta 15 (also known as NB‐thymosin beta, gene name TMSB15A) transcribed from an independent gene, and designated TMSB15B. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether these isoforms were differentially expressed and functional. Our data show that the TMSB15A and TMSB15B isoforms have distinct expression patterns in different tumor cell lines and tissues. TMSB15A was expressed at higher levels in HCT116, DU145, LNCaP, and LNCaP‐LN3 cancer cells. In MCF‐7, SKOV‐3, HT1080, and PC‐3MLN4 cells, TMSB15A and TMSB15B showed approximately equivalent levels of expression, while TMSB15B was the predominant isoform expressed in PC‐3, MDA‐MB‐231, NCI‐H322, and Caco‐2 cancer cells. In normal human prostate and prostate cancer tissues, TMSB15A was the predominant isoform expressed. In contrast, normal colon and colon cancer tissue expressed predominantly TMSB15B. The two gene isoforms are also subject to different transcriptional regulation. Treatment of MCF‐7 breast cancer cells with transforming growth factor beta 1 repressed TMSB15A expression but had no effect on TMSB15B. siRNA specific to the TMSB15B isoform suppressed cell migration of prostate cancer cells to epidermal growth factor, suggesting a functional role for this second isoform. In summary, our data reveal different expression patterns and regulation of a new thymosin beta 15 gene paralog. This may have important consequences in both tumor and neuronal cell motility. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The neural correlates of naming and fluency deficits in Alzheimer's disease: an FDG‐PET study
Authors: Melrose Rebecca J. , Campa Olivia M. , Harwood Dylan G. , Osato Sheryl , Mandelkern Mark A. , Sultzer David L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the neural processes associated with language deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and in particular to elucidate the correlates of confrontation naming and word retrieval impairments.MethodsSixty patients with probable AD were included. Confrontation naming was assessed using the number of words spontaneously named correctly on the Boston Naming Test. We recorded the number of additional words stated following phonemic cuing. We also assessed phonemic (FAS) and semantic (supermarket items) fluency. We then correlated performance on each measure with resting cortical metabolic activity using FDG‐PET images.ResultsWe found that poorer ability to spontaneously name an object was associated with hypometabolism of bilateral inferior temporal lobes. In contrast, when a phonemic cue was provided, successful naming under this condition was associated with higher metabolic activity in bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), left temporal, and occipital regions. Consistent with these findings, we found that poorer semantic fluency was associated with hypometabolism in regions including both IFG and temporal regions, and poorer phonemic fluency was associated with hypometabolism in only left IFG. Across analyses, measures that required cued retrieval were associated with metabolism in the left IFG, whereas measures taxing semantic knowledge were associated with metabolic rate of left temporal cortex.ConclusionsNaming deficits in AD reflect compromise to temporal regions involved in the semantic knowledge network, and frontal regions involved in the controlled retrieval of information from that network. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modality specific functional interaction in sensorimotor synchronization
Authors: Pollok Bettina , Krause Vanessa , Butz Markus , Schnitzler Alfons 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMovement execution strongly relies on precise sensorimotor synchronization. In a finger‐tapping task that requires subjects to synchronize their finger taps to regular pacing signal synchronization accuracy varies with respect to pacing signal's modality. This study aimed at elucidating functional brain dynamics associated with modality specific behavioral synchronization accuracy. To this end, 10 right‐handed subjects performed a finger‐tapping task with respect to regular auditory and visual pacing, respectively, whereas neuromagnetic activity was recorded using a 122‐channel whole‐head neuromagnetometer. Visual pacing was associated with significantly reduced tap‐to‐pacer asynchrony and increased intertap variability as compared to auditory pacing. The brain dynamics associated with task execution were analyzed using the frequency domain beamformer approach dynamic imaging of coherent sources (DICS). Both tasks were shown to be associated with comparable networks. However, during visual pacing involvement of the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) was shown, whereas during auditory pacing the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) was concerned with task execution. Synchronization with respect to visual pacing was associated with significantly increased functional interaction between thalamus and PMv at beta frequency as compared to functional interplay between thalamus and PMd during auditory pacing. Auditory synchronization was associated with increased functional interaction between left superior temporal gyrus and PMd at alpha frequency. Furthermore, functional interaction between thalamus and premotor cortex at beta frequency was significantly correlated with synchronization accuracy. All in all the present data suggest that modality specific synchronization differences are associated with frequency and connectivity specific changes of functional interaction in distinct brain networks. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ordinal and cardinal measures of health inequality: an empirical comparison
Authors: Madden David 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWhen measuring health inequality using ordinal data, analysts typically must choose between indices specifically based upon ordinal data and more standard indices using ordinal data, which has been transformed into cardinal data. This paper compares inequality rankings across a number of different approaches and finds considerable sensitivity to the choice between ordinal‐ and cardinal‐based indices. There is relatively little sensitivity to the ethical choices made by the analyst in terms of the weight attached to different parts of the distribution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spontaneous apoptosis of tumor‐specific tetramer+ CD8+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation of patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Albers Andreas E. , Schaefer Carsten , Visus Carmen , Gooding William , DeLeo Albert B. , Whiteside Theresa L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundIn cancer, tumor escape from the host immune system includes apoptosis of circulating CD3+CD8+ effector T lymphocytes. Here, we compare sensitivity to apoptosis of virus‐ with tumor‐specific circulating CD8+ T cells in patients with head and neck cancer.MethodsWild‐type p53 peptide‐specific (p53264‐272 and p53149‐157) and viral peptide‐specific (EBV BMLF259‐267 and CMVpp65495‐503) tetramers were used to measure the frequency of reactive T cells by flow cytometry. Annexin V (ANX) binding to circulating 7‐amino‐actinomycin D‐negative but tetramer+CD8+ T cells in PBMC obtained from 21 patients with head and neck cancer and 11 normal controls (NC) was evaluated.ResultsIn patients with head and neck cancer, a higher percentage of tetramer+CD8+ than tetramer−CD8+ T cells bound ANX (p < .023–.005). Although most tumor‐epitope+CD8+ T cells bound ANX, lower percentages of virus‐specific CD8+ T cells were ANX+ in the same patients.ConclusionsPreferential demise of circulating tumor‐specific CD8+ T cells and their paucity in head and neck cancer contribute to tumor escape. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Arteriovenous malformation of the scalp with cerebral steal
Authors: Kelly Kate , Trites Jonathan R. B. , Taylor S. Mark , Bullock Martin , Hart Robert D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundArteriovenous malformation of the scalp resulting from blunt trauma to the head is an unusual occurrence and is rarely associated with neurological sequelae. This case details an arteriovenous malformation with a cerebral steal phenomenon.MethodsA 21‐year‐old man presented with an enlarging, pulsatile mass in the right facial/temporal area without known cause. CT and angiography were consistent with a large arteriovenous malformation involving the external carotid system, causing a secondary cerebral steal that resulted in neurological symptoms including seizure. Surgical resection of the mass was undertaken.ResultsThe patient had an uncomplicated preoperative course with complete resolution of all neurologic symptoms.ConclusionCerebral steal is an uncommon consequence of traumatic extracranial arteriovenous malformation. The current literature is reviewed, and the diagnostic approach as well as therapeutic options are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009