bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abdominal Pain in Dutch Schoolchildren: Relations With Physical and Psychological Comorbid Complaints in Children and Their Parents
Authors: van der Veek Shelley MC , Derkx HHF , de Haan Else , Benninga Marc A , Boer Frits 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:Children with functional abdominal pain (FAP) frequently report comorbid complaints such as anxiety and activity limitations. Their parents often experience heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and somatization. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether these comorbid complaints in children and their parents are specific for FAP or can also be found in a community sample.Patients and Methods:Six hundred sixty‐five schoolchildren (ages 7–18 years) filled out questionnaires concerning AP, activity limitations, somatic complaints, quality of life, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. A total of 391 of their parents filled out questionnaires concerning parental anxiety, depression, and somatization. Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed.Results:A total of 56.5% of the children reported AP at least once in a 2‐week period. Univariate relations with AP were found for activity limitations (r = 0.392), somatic complaints (r = 0.408), 3 of 5 domains of quality of life (r ranging from −0.120 to −0.209), and symptoms of anxiety and depression (r, respectively, 0.329 and 0.361). Multivariate analyses showed only significant relations for female sex (β = 0.230), younger age (β = −0.077), activity limitations (β = 0.247), somatic complaints (β = 0.170), and depressive symptoms (β = 0.093).Conclusions:Activity limitations, somatic complaints, and depressive symptoms are related to AP in the general population, whereas a reduced quality of life, anxiety, and parental internalizing problems seem specific comorbid complaints for FAP. Future research on parental internalizing problems, quality of life, and anxiety as risk factors for FAP is warranted.
Utility of Fecal Lactoferrin in Identifying Crohn Disease Activity in Children
Authors: Pfefferkorn Marian D , Boone James H , Nguyen James T , Juliar Beth E , Davis Miriam A , Parker Kelly K 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:Fecal lactoferrin (FL) is a noninvasive biomarker that is elevated in Crohn disease (CD) compared to irritable bowel syndrome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate FL in identifying children with active versus inactive CD.Patients and Methods:Fresh stool samples were collected from children with CD scheduled for endoscopy or a clinic visit, and from new outpatients who were scheduled for colonoscopy. FL was determined using a polyclonal antibody‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Physical global assessment, endoscopic findings, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and the Pediatric CD Activity Index (PCDAI) were recorded for patients with CD. The PCDAI scores symptoms, laboratory parameters, physical examination, and extraintestinal manifestations. A score of ≤10 is inactive disease, 11 to 30 is mild active, and ≤31 is moderate to severe active.Results:Of 101 study patients (4‐ to 20‐year‐old, 66 boys), 31 had active CD, 23 had inactive CD, and 37 had noninflammatory bowel disease (non‐IBD) conditions. Four patients with ulcerative colitis and 6 patients with polyposis were excluded from analysis. FL was significantly elevated in CD versus non‐IBD (P < 0.001) and in active versus inactive CD (P < 0.001). The PCDAI and ESR were higher in active CD than in inactive CD (both P < 0.001). Using an FL cutoff of 7.25 μg/g, FL has 100% sensitivity and 100% negative predictive value in detecting active CD. Using an FL cutoff level of 60 μg/g, FL had 84% sensitivity, 74% specificity, 81% positive predictive value, and 77% negative predictive value for detecting active CD.Conclusions:FL is a promising biomarker of active CD and may be more practical to use when it is not feasible to obtain all of the necessary clinical information for the PCDAI.
Liver Fat Change in Obese Children After a 1‐year Nutrition‐behavior Intervention
Authors: Pozzato Carlo , Verduci Elvira , Scaglioni Silvia , Radaelli Giovanni , Salvioni Michela , Rovere Antonio , Cornalba Gianpaolo , Riva Enrica , Giovannini Marcello 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:To evaluate whether a 1‐year nutrition‐behavior intervention based on normocaloric balanced diet and physical exercise may reduce liver fat in obese children.Patients and Methods:Twenty‐six obese children (11 boys and 15 girls), aged 6 to 14 years, underwent anthropometric, nutritional, metabolic, and liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations at baseline and after a 1‐year nutrition‐behavior intervention. Anthropometry included weight, height, waist and hip circumference, and total upper arm area. Body mass indexzscores were calculated. Biochemistry included serum aminotransferases, lipid profile, glucose, and insulin. Liver steatosis was judged as hepatic fat fraction (FF) by MRI and was ≥9%.Results:Prevalence of steatosis was 34.6% at baseline and declined to 7.7% after intervention (P< 0.0001). Mean (95% CI) reduction of liver FF was 8.0% (4.0%–12.0%). In 77.8% of children with liver steatosis at baseline, the FF declined lower than 9% at the end of intervention, going from a mean (SD) of 18.7% (9.1) to 1.3% (4.1), (P< 0.0001). At the end of the intervention, children showed a mean reduction in body mass indexzscore of 0.26 (0.11–0.41) and waist circumference of 1.46 (0.34–2.60) cm. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, ApoA1/ApoB ratio, and gamma‐glutamyltransferase plasma values in plasma decreased at the end of intervention (P< 0.05).Conclusions:The results suggest that in obese children nutritional‐behavior interventions may reduce the liver fat.
X-ray structure of the metcyano form of dehaloperoxidase fromAmphitrite ornata: evidence for photoreductive dissociation of the iron–cyanide bond
Authors: de Serrano V. S. , Davis M. F. , Gaff J. F. , Zhang Qi , Chen Z. , D'Antonio E. L. , Bowden E. F. , Rose R. , Franzen S. 
Published: June 2010

X-ray crystal structures of the metcyano form of dehaloperoxidase-hemoglobin (DHP A) fromAmphitrite ornata(DHPCN) and the C73S mutant of DHP A (C73SCN) were determined using synchrotron radiation in order to further investigate the geometry of diatomic ligands coordinated to the heme iron. The DHPCN structure was also determined using a rotating-anode source. The structures show evidence of photoreduction of the iron accompanied by dissociation of bound cyanide ion (CN−) that depend on the intensity of the X-ray radiation and the exposure time. The electron density is consistent with diatomic molecules located in two sites in the distal pocket of DHPCN. However, the identities of the diatomic ligands at these two sites are not uniquely determined by the electron-density map. Consequently, density functional theory calculations were conducted in order to determine whether the bond lengths, angles and dissociation energies are consistent with bound CN−or O2in the iron-bound site. In addition, molecular-dynamics simulations were carried out in order to determine whether the dynamics are consistent with trapped CN−or O2in the second site of the distal pocket. Based on these calculations and comparison with a previously determined X-ray crystal structure of the C73S–O2form of DHP [de Serranoet al.(2007),Acta Cryst.D63, 1094–1101], it is concluded that CN−is gradually replaced by O2as crystalline DHP is photoreduced at 100 K. The ease of photoreduction of DHP A is consistent with the reduction potential, but suggests an alternative activation mechanism for DHP A compared with other peroxidases, which typically have reduction potentials that are 0.5 V more negative. The lability of CN−at 100 K suggests that the distal pocket of DHP A has greater flexibility than most other hemoglobins.
Structure of nondiscriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase fromThermotoga maritima
Authors: Ito Takuhiro , Kiyasu Noriko , Matsunaga Risa , Takahashi Seizo , Yokoyama Shigeyuki 
Published: June 2010

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases produce aminoacyl-tRNAs from the substrate tRNA and its cognate amino acid with the aid of ATP. Two types of glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) have been discovered: discriminating GluRS (D-GluRS) and nondiscriminating GluRS (ND-GluRS). D-GluRS glutamylates tRNAGluonly, while ND-GluRS glutamylates both tRNAGluand tRNAGln. ND-GluRS produces the intermediate Glu-tRNAGln, which is converted to Gln-tRNAGlnby Glu-tRNAGlnamidotransferase. Two GluRS homologues fromThermotoga maritima, TM1875 and TM1351, have been biochemically characterized and it has been clarified that only TM1875 functions as an ND-GluRS. Furthermore, the crystal structure of theT. maritimaND-GluRS, TM1875, was determined in complex with a Glu-AMP analogue at 2.0 Å resolution. TheT. maritimaND-GluRS contains a characteristic structure in the connective-peptide domain, which is inserted into the catalytic Rossmann-fold domain. The glutamylation ability of tRNAGlnby ND-GluRS was measured in the presence of the bacterial Glu-tRNAGlnamidotransferase GatCAB. Interestingly, the glutamylation efficiency was not affected even in the presence of excess GatCAB. Therefore, GluRS avoids competition with GatCAB and glutamylates tRNAGln.
Current challenges facing the determination of product bioequivalence in veterinary medicine
Authors: MARTINEZ M. N. , HUNTER R. P. 
Published: June 2010

Martinez, M.N., Hunter, R.P. Current challenges facing the determination of product bioequivalence in veterinary medicine.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.33, 418–433.Despite the pharmacological and statistical advances that have occurred since the early days of bioequivalence assessments, there remain many unresolved issues associated with the bioequivalence evaluation of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals. While many of these issues are common to both human and veterinary medicine, there are also challenges specific to veterinary drug products. Examples of complex problems that remain to be resolved include the assessment of drugs associated with complex kinetics (e.g., sustained release formulations that produce multiple peaks), the evaluation of intramammary formulations, uncertainty associated with conditions under which specific enantiomers of metabolites need to be factored into the bioequivalence evaluation, the study design for products and active pharmaceutical ingredients that exhibit highly variable kinetics, equivalence of biomass products, methods for evaluating topical formulations or formulations with very long duration of release, the evaluation of products where destructive sampling is necessary (e.g., aquaculture products), and the evaluation of bioequivalence for Type A medicated articles. This manuscript highlights many of the unresolved challenges currently impacting the evaluation of product bioequivalence in veterinary medicine, and provides a summary of the associated scientific complexities with each of these issues.
The pharmacokinetics and in vitro cyclooxygenase selectivity of deracoxib in horses
Authors: DAVIS J. L. , MARSHALL J. F. , PAPICH M. G. , BLIKSLAGER A. T. , CAMPBELL N. B. 
Published: June 2010

Davis, J. L., Marshall, J. F., Papich, M. G., Blikslager, A. T., Campbell, N. B. The pharmacokinetics and in vitro cyclooxygenase selectivity of deracoxib in horses. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 12–16.The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of deracoxib following oral administration to horses. In addition, in vitro equine whole blood cyclooxygenase (COX) selectivity assays were performed. Six healthy adult horses were administered deracoxib (2 mg/kg) orally. Plasma samples were collected prior to drug administration (time 0), and 10, 20, 40 min and 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h after administration for analysis with high pressure liquid chromatography using ultraviolet detection. Following PO administration, deracoxib had a long elimination half‐life (t1/2k10) of 12.49 ± 1.84 h. The average maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 0.54 μg/mL, and was reached at 6.33 ± 3.44 h. Bioavailability was not determined because of the lack of an IV formulation. Results of in vitro COX selectivity assays showed that deracoxib was selective for COX‐2 with a COX‐1/COX‐2 ratio of 25.67 and 22.06 for the IC50 and IC80, respectively. Dosing simulations showed that concentrations above the IC80 for COX‐2 would be maintained following 2 mg/kg PO q12h, and above the IC50 following 2 mg/kg PO q24h. This study showed that deracoxib is absorbed in the horse after oral administration, and may offer a useful alternative for anti‐inflammatory treatment of various conditions in the horse.
Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline free acid after single subcutaneous administration in lactating and nonlactating domestic goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)
Authors: DORÉ ELIZABETH , ANGELOS JOHN A. , ROWE JOAN D. , CARLSON JAN L. , WETZLICH SCOTT E. , KIEU HUNG T. , TELL LISA A. 
Published: June 2010

Doré, E., Angelos, J. A., Rowe, J. D., Carlson, J. L., Wetzlich, S. E., Kieu, H. T., Tell, L. A. Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline free acid after single subcutaneous administration in lactating and nonlactating domestic goats (Capra aegagrus hircus). J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 25–30.Six nonlactating and six lactating adult female goats received a single subcutaneous injection of ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA) at a dosage of 6.6 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein before and at multiple time points after CCFA administration. Milk samples were collected twice daily. Concentrations of ceftiofur and desfuroylceftiofur‐related metabolites were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed using compartmental and noncompartmental approaches. The pharmacokinetics of CCFA in the domestic goat was best described by a one compartment model. Mean (±SD) pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows for the nonlactating goats: area under the concentration time curve0–∞ (159 h·μg/mL ± 19), maximum observed serum concentration (2.3 μg/mL ± 1.1), time of maximal observed serum concentration (26.7 h ± 16.5) and terminal elimination half life (36.9 h; harmonic). For the lactating goats, the pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: area under the concentration time curve0–∞ (156 h·μg/mL ± 14), maximum observed serum concentration (1.5 μg/mL ± 0.4), time of maximal observed serum concentration (46 h ± 15.9) and terminal elimination half life (37.3 h; harmonic). Ceftiofur and desfuroylceftiofur‐related metabolites were only detectable in one milk sample at 36 h following treatment. There were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameter between the nonlactating and lactating goats.
The pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in healthy dogs concurrently receiving phenobarbital
Authors: MOORE S.A. , MUÑANA K.R. , PAPICH M.G. , NETTIFEE‐OSBORNE J.A. 
Published: June 2010

Moore, S.A., Muñana, K.R., Papich, M.G., Nettifee‐Osborne, J.A. The pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in healthy dogs concurrently receiving phenobarbital.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 31–34.Levetiracetam (LEV) is a commonly used add‐on medication in dogs with refractory epilepsy. The objective of this study was to determine if the pharmacokinetics of LEV are altered by concurrent administration of phenobarbital (PB). Six healthy dogs received a single oral dose of LEV (16.7–27.8 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected at baseline and intermittently for 24 h. The study was repeated after the dogs received oral PB (2.0–3.3 mg/kg) twice daily for 21 days. Plasma LEV levels were evaluated by high pressure liquid chromatography, and data analyzed using a compartmental model. Compared with values determined when LEV was administered alone, concurrent administration of PB resulted in a decrease in LEV peak concentration (Cmax) from 32.39 ± 6.76 to 18.22 ± 8.97 (P = 0.0071), a decrease in elimination half‐life (T1/2) from 3.43 ± 0.47 to 1.73 ± 0.22 (P = 0.0005), and an increase in oral clearance from 124.93 ± 26.93 to 252.99 ± 135.43 ml/h/kg (P < 0.0001). Concurrent PB administration significantly alters the pharmacokinetics of LEV in the dog, indicating that dosage adjustments might be necessary when the drug is administered with PB.
ABC as a flexible framework to estimate demography over space and time: some cons, many pros
Authors: BERTORELLE G. , BENAZZO A. , MONA S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe analysis of genetic variation to estimate demographic and historical parameters and to quantitatively compare alternative scenarios recently gained a powerful and flexible approach: the Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). The likelihood functions does not need to be theoretically specified, but posterior distributions can be approximated by simulation even assuming very complex population models including both natural and human‐induced processes. Prior information can be easily incorporated and the quality of the results can be analysed with rather limited additional effort. ABC is not a statistical analysis per se, but rather a statistical framework and any specific application is a sort of hybrid between a simulation and a data‐analysis study. Complete software packages performing the necessary steps under a set of models and for specific genetic markers are already available, but the flexibility of the method is better exploited combining different programs. Many questions relevant in ecology can be addressed using ABC, but adequate amount of time should be dedicated to decide among alternative options and to evaluate the results. In this paper we will describe and critically comment on the different steps of an ABC analysis, analyse some of the published applications of ABC and provide user guidelines.
Temporally stable genetic variability and dynamic kinship structure in a fluctuating population of the root vole Microtus oeconomus
Authors: PILOT MAŁGORZATA , DĄBROWSKI MICHAŁ J. , JANCEWICZ ELŻBIETA , SCHTICKZELLE NICOLAS , GLIWICZ JOANNA 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGenetic variability, kin structure and demography of a population are mutually dependent. Population genetic theory predicts that under demographically stable conditions, neutral genetic variability reaches equilibrium between gene flow and drift. However, density fluctuations and non‐random mating, resulting e.g. from kin clustering, may lead to changes in genetic composition over time. Theoretical models also predict that changes in kin structure may affect aggression level and recruitment, leading to density fluctuations. These predictions have been rarely tested in natural populations. The aim of this study was to analyse changes in genetic variability and kin structure in a local population of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus) that underwent a fourfold change in mean density over a 6‐year period. Intensive live‐trapping resulted in sampling 88% of individuals present in the study area, as estimated from mark–recapture data. Based on 642 individual genotypes at 20 microsatellite loci, we compared genetic variability and kin structure of this population between consecutive years. We found that immigration was negatively correlated with density, while the number of kin groups was positively correlated with density. This is consistent with theoretical predictions that changes in kin structure play an important role in population fluctuations. Despite the changes in density and kin structure, there was no genetic differentiation between years. Population‐level genetic diversity measures did not significantly vary in time and remained relatively high (HE range: 0.72–0.78). These results show that a population that undergoes significant demographic and social changes may maintain high genetic variability and stable genetic composition.
Functional characterization of the SIZ/PIAS‐type SUMO E3 ligases, OsSIZ1 and OsSIZ2 in rice
Authors: PARK HYEONG CHEOL , KIM HUN , KOO SUNG CHEOL , PARK HEE JIN , CHEONG MI SUN , HONG HYEWON , BAEK DONGWON , CHUNG WOO SIK , KIM DOH HOON , BRESSAN RAY A. , LEE SANG YEOL , BOHNERT HANS J. , YUN DAE‐JIN 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTSumoylation is a post‐translational regulatory process in diverse cellular processes in eukaryotes, involving conjugation/deconjugation of small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) proteins to other proteins thus modifying their function. The PIAS [protein inhibitor of activated signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)] and SAP (scaffold attachment factor A/B/acinus/PIAS)/MIZ (SIZ) proteins exhibit SUMO E3‐ligase activity that facilitates the conjugation of SUMO proteins to target substrates. Here, we report the isolation and molecular characterization of Oryza sativa SIZ1 (OsSIZ1) and SIZ2 (OsSIZ2), rice homologs of Arabidopsis SIZ1. The rice SIZ proteins are localized to the nucleus and showed sumoylation activities in a tobacco system. Our analysis showed increased amounts of SUMO conjugates associated with environmental stresses such as high and low temperature, NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA) in rice plants. The expression of OsSIZ1 and OsSIZ2 in siz1‐2 Arabidopsis plants partially complemented the morphological mutant phenotype and enhanced levels of SUMO conjugates under heat shock conditions. In addition, ABA‐hypersensitivity of siz1‐2 seed germination was partially suppressed by OsSIZ1 and OsSIZ2. The results suggest that rice SIZ1 and SIZ2 are able to functionally complement Arabidopsis SIZ1 in the SUMO conjugation pathway. Their effects on the Arabidopsis mutant suggest a function for these genes related to stress responses and stress adaptation.
Modulation of cortical motor outputs by the symbolic meaning of visual stimuli
Authors: Fecteau Shirley , Tormos Jose Maria , Gangitano Massimo , Théoret Hugo , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe observation of an action modulates motor cortical outputs in specific ways, in part through mediation of the mirror neuron system. Sometimes we infer a meaning to an observed action based on integration of the actual percept with memories. Here, we conducted a series of experiments in healthy adults to investigate whether such inferred meanings can also modulate motor cortical outputs in specific ways. We show that brief observation of a neutral stimulus mimicking a hand does not significantly modulate motor cortical excitability (Study 1) although, after prolonged exposure, it can lead to a relatively nonspecific modulation (Study 2). However, when such a neutral stimulus is preceded by exposure to a hand stimulus, the latter appears to serve as a prime, perhaps enabling meaning to the neutral stimulus, which then modulates motor cortical excitability in accordance with mirror neuron‐driving properties (Studies 2 and 3). Overall results suggest that a symbolic value ascribed to an otherwise neutral stimulus can modulate motor cortical outputs, revealing the influence of top‐down inputs on the mirror neuron system. These findings indicate a novel aspect of the human mirror neuron system: an otherwise neutral stimulus can acquire specific mirror neuron‐driving properties in the absence of a direct association between motor practice and perception. This significant malleability in the way that the mirror neuron system can code otherwise meaningless (i.e. arbitrarily associated) stimuli may contribute to coding communicative signals such as language. This may represent a mirror neuron system feature that is unique to humans.