bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An epidemiological study on road traffic injury in China
Authors: Chi G , Wang S 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors and secular of road traffic injury (RTI) in China, and to furnish evidence to formulate strategy and measures to improve RTI.MethodsBy using some indices such as level of traffic safety (LTS), level of population safety (LPS), mortal coefficient (MC) etc to evaluate and analyse the features of road injury in China.ResultsMost of the increased traffic-related mortality is in rural areas, particularly among rural males. The 26–45 years age-group represented the majority of all fatalities and overall casualties, and the age-group over 65 year olds having an increased trend in China. The western provinces of Tibet, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Gansu are the most serious of RTI. In a word, the main risk factors of RTI in China are road quality, motorisation, volume of traffic transportation, maldriving and the behaviours of pedestrians.ConclusionsPreventive measures should focus on high-risk demographic groups and should be adapted to the composition of the traffic-related mortality.
Using Google analytics to evaluate implementation of a web-based injury intervention
Authors: Winston F K , Yang C , Marsac M , Kohser K , Kassam-Adams N 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe Web is a frequent dissemination path for injury prevention and care information, but little is known about naturalistic, real-world use of Web-based information. AfterTheInjury.org is an empirically grounded website developed to help parents help their children recover from injury, focusing on secondary prevention of traumatic stress symptoms.MethodsAfterTheInjury.org pages have embedded Google Analytics code to track use and navigation. Each page was categorised (by content) as a page for parents to: learn about injury/traumatic stress (Learn), rate child reactions (Rate), or find ways to help their child (Act); plus administrative pages (Administration). The Google Analytics interface was used to download site use statistics. Analyses were conducted to describe patterns of: overall use, use by page type, and users navigational paths.ResultsIn calendar year 2009, 7695 users visited the website. For the majority (73.05%), this was their first visit. On average, they visited 4.66 pages for an average length of visit of 2 min 13 s. The longest time was spent on Learn pages (597 516 total seconds across users) followed by Act (243 359 seconds), Administrative (125 719 s), and Rate pages (60 583 s). Most users enter and leave the site via Learn pages (enter: n=6908, 89.77%; exit: n=5740, 74.6%).ConclusionNew, robust analytical tools revealed that users preferred learning to intervention on this website. Such analyses provide insights for optimising websites to meet user needs while effectively delivering evidence-based information.
Road safety and security on African roads, Nigeria road as a case study
Authors: Osawe E P , Osawe G 
Published: March 2011

The paper attempts to look into the causes of road crashes leading to deaths on African roads with Nigeria as a case study. These roads falls along the major highway linking the Southern Seaports with the Northern part of the country and been listed as one of the 23 most dangerous roads in the world. The paper also enumerates and explains causes of crashes and insecurities on the road. It also looks at the establishment of the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) as the Federal Government lead agency and its resolve to reduce the occurrence of road traffic crashes and its severity through the use of the 6Es intervention strategies approach. The road factor remains an important issue in road safety/security in addition to Environmental and Mechanical factors.It was shown that with the solution proffered below about 25% reduction in crashes with better security have been achieved through:Provision of heavy duty recovery and tow vehicles, patrol vehicles, ambulances.Funding of aggressive public enlightenment campaigns, establishment of standard driving schools to train drivers.Standardization of the country's vehicle licensing.FRSC has a 6-point approach to the problem called 6Es: Engineering, Enlightenment, Environment, Education, Enforcement, Evaluation.Methodology of studyThe study entails the administration of questionnaires, diagnostic interview and data analysis.This case study highlights problems and solutions to road crashes in Nigeria which led to at least a 13% reduction of crash casualty records in the country.
Fatal home and leisure injuries in France, 2000–2006
Authors: Lasbeur L , Thelot B , Jougla E , Pavillon G 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo measure and characterise deaths due to home and leisure injuries in France (63 million inhabitants) from 2000 to 2006.MethodThe data come from death certificates, collected exhaustively. Causes of death are coded by using the external causes of injury codes of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision. The results are expressed in numbers, crude death rates, and age-adjusted death rates.ResultsIn 2006, 18 549 deaths due to home and leisure injuries occurred in France, that is, an age-adjusted death rate of 25.2/100 000. This death rate was 1.7 times higher for males than that for females: 32.2/100 000 versus 19.4/100 000. They are largely different with age: from a minimum of 1.3 among children aged 5–14 (99 deaths), to a maximum of 584 up to 85 years (7327 deaths). Three fourths of home and leisure injuries deaths occurred up to 65 years (13 950 deaths), among which 57% were due to falls. The leading causes of deaths were: falls, 11.9/100 000; suffocations, 3.8; drowning, 1.6; poisoning, 1.5; fire accidents, 0.7. Between 2000–2002 and 2004–2006, the age-adjusted death rate decreased by 11%. This decrease was the highest for people under 15 years of age, 24%. Up to 65 years, the decrease was 13% (minus 1358 deaths).ConclusionIn spite of the decrease between 2000 and 2006, home and leisure injuries remain a significant cause of death in France. Most of these deaths could be avoided with adapted prevention and regulation measures.
A specific survey on mortality by home and leisure injuries among children under 15 years in France: a feasibility survey
Authors: Lasbeur L , Laurent F , Thelot B 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundIn France, fatal home and leisure injuries represent the first cause of death of people under 15 years of age: 266 deaths in 2006, according to the national data of mortality.ObjectiveTo determinate the risks factors of fatal home and leisure injuries and increase the knowledge conditions of these deaths.MethodA specific survey mortality by home and leisure injuries among children under 15 was set up, which collected all deaths in an area of 20 million inhabitants (out of 63 million in France) from 1 January to 31 December 2009. These deaths were identified in the death certificates, with the help of the social security, medical doctors, firemen, press review. A questionnaire was sent to medical certifiers who had information about the injury, like product, activity, place, mechanism, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of victims.ResultsPreliminary results, on 30 September, showed a similar distribution with national data by cause of death: 67 children under 15 years died, among them by drowning (19), fire (12), falls (12), suffocations (11). Boys were more often victims than girls (sex-ratio=1.5); half of these children died on the place of accident. Detailed information was collected on the precise circumstances of each injury, like the involved person, the lack of surveillance, badly used or dangerous products, etc.ConclusionThis survey is an original attempt to obtain precise information on fatal home and leisure injuries among children. This survey will lead to propositions to collect more information via death certificates.
Epidemiological surveillance of drownings: a national survey in France, 1 June–30 September 2009
Authors: Lasbeur L , Girard D , Thelot B 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics and the risk factors of unintentional drowning in France, and to contribute to their prevention.MethodA prospective survey was set up in the whole country from June to September 2009. All unintentional drownings were recorded, once followed by hospitalization or death.ResultsThis survey recorded 1366 drownings, among them 462 (34%) were followed by death. Children under 6 years represented 14% (197, thereof 39 deaths); adults over 45 years accounted for 41% (566, thereof 257 deaths).The distribution by drowning place was the following: 186 drownings in private swimming pools (48 followed by death), 53 in public swimming pools (6 deaths), 151 in streams (97 deaths), 144 in lakes (96 deaths), 781 in sea water (187 deaths) and 51 in other places (28 deaths). Demographic characteristics of the victims and circumstances of drowning depended on the place of drowning. In private swimming pools, children under 6 years of age mainly drowned due to the lack of parental surveillance and swimming ability. In streams and lakes, drowning was more frequent among adults after a fall, or when engaged in solitary activities, or after having consumed alcohol. In sea water, many victims were tourists over 45 years with a health problem.ConclusionThese results lead to conclude that specific prevention messages should be strengthened: careful surveillance of young children; learning to swim the earliest possible; swimming in supervised areas; not overestimating ones physical capabilities; inquiring about the state of the sea and the meteorological conditions.
Moving from evidence to action: prioritisation of pediatric injury issues for focused injury prevention programming
Authors: Charyk-Stewart T , Polgar D , Parry N , Girotti M J 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo develop a prioritised, evidence-informed list of pediatric injury issues to be addressed through injury prevention initiatives.MethodA quantitative review of trauma data with qualitative stakeholder discussions. Data representing all levels of severity from ED visits to deaths were reviewed and ranked by age (<1, 1–4 years, 5–9 years, 10–14 years, 15–17 years). Specific topics for each of the top issues (MVC, recreational, falls, intentional, drowning and other) were discussed based on qualitative criteria (ie, effectiveness, opportunity gaps) and individually scored on a 5-point Likert scale. The sum of these scores was ranked. This qualitative rank was added with the quantitative rank from the data to determine the overall ranking, with the lowest rank sum as the top priority.ResultsShaken baby syndrome (SBS) was ranked as the top priority. The top five ranking injury issues are presented in Table 1.Overall RankTopicAge group (year)Quant Rank +Qual Rank =Rank Sum1SBS<12132Bullying5–17 yrs3252Drugs & Driving15–171452MVC & Speeding15–171455Suicide10–17437Other issues included ATV safety, playground and farm injuries.ConclusionWith competing demands and limited resources, this method utilises data and stakeholder input to decide where to focus efforts. It allowed us to move from evidence to action, by implementing and evaluating new programs including SBS-prevention and unsafe driving programs.
The new trend of risky groups on all roads in Thailand, 2009
Authors: Waiyanate N , Taekarthonk T 
Published: March 2011

The retrospective self-report survey on the behavioural of teenagers students. It was desirable to interview rider as soon as possible after they have an experience to motorcycle use. The study collected some information's about the amount and variety of learning process, riding experience before during and after licensing process, experience in accident and injuries.FindingsTotally, 1238 students 58.35% male. The minimum age of the first riding is 7 years old. The mean of age in the first riding group is 12.86 years old and 75% of them training rider skill on all roads. The normal rider age less than 15 years old use motorcycle in daily lives and most of them without motorcycle license. The traffic knowledge in normal school isn't available no pattern of course. The patterns of riding skill 56.9 % learn by their parents 35.8% learn by themselves 4.8% learn by friends 2.65% learn by professionals from driving school. The experience in accident and injury are smallest in rider who learns by professionals in a safety driving school. The first training is significant that associate with the motorcycle rider behaviour. Who learn by themselves or by their friends which the first training age less than 15 years old are a risky group in both male and female rider.ConclusionThe government should pay more attention to develop the process of a safety rider skill. Safety driving school should be a compulsory program for the first rider.
Effect of a lockout of professional ice hockey players on injuries among minor league players
Authors: Keays G , Pless I B , Goulet C 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveBased on the assumption that professional hockey is violent and that this influences the behaviour of children viewing it on TV, we investigated whether the absence of televised National Hockey League ice hockey games during a 1-year lockout reduced the rate of injuries of minor league hockey players in Canada.MethodsThis natural experiment enabled us to use a quasi-experimental design to compare injuries suffered during the NHL lockout year with those in the seasons before and after. Data regarding the injuries came from a Canadian injury surveillance program (CHIRPP) while denominators, total numbers of registered players, came from Hockey Canada.ResultsDuring the prelockout year the number and rates of injuries were as follows: 2153 (7.1, 95% CI 6.8 to 7.4, per 1000); during the lockout season they were 2215 (7.4, 95% CI 7.1 to 7.7, per 1000); and during the following year they were 2262 (7.0, 95% CI 6.7 to 7.3, per 1000). There were more severe injuries (concussions or fractures of long bones) and more injuries due to penalised acts during the NHL lockout year but the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that children are not influenced by viewing professional hockey. It may even be the case that when young players are not exposed to the consequences of aggressive play resulting in severe injuries etc. they become less fearful and more aggressive.
Drinking and driving, and alcohol drinking patterns in Argentinean drivers
Authors: Peltzer R , Cremonte M , Ubeda C , Ledesma R 
Published: March 2011

One of the most important human risk factors for road traffic crashes is alcohol consumption. The relationship between acute alcohol consumption and road traffic crashes has been much studied, nevertheless, less is known about the relationship between chronic consumption and accident involvement. The objective of this study is to characterise Argentinean drivers according to their alcohol drinking pattern, tendency to drink and drive, alcohol-related problems, involvement in road traffic crashes, age and gender.MethodsData were collected from a casual sample of Argentinean drivers. The data were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire evaluating: age, sex, involvement in road traffic crashes – last 12 months –, usual drinking pattern and alcohol problems – Rapid Alcohol Problems Screen (RAPS4)-. A factorial analysis of principal components and mixed classification analysis were performed. Active variables were usual quantity and frequency of drinking, and beverage preferred, all the other variables were taken as illustrative.ResultsThe occasional intake of low quantities, mainly of wine, was associated to being a female and to avoid drinking and driving. The weekly intake of high quantities, mainly beer, was associated to being young and to tend to drink and drive. Abstainers tended to be female who have not had an road traffic crashes.ConclusionA empiric typology of drivers was created according to their alcohol drinking pattern. These patterns were studied in relation to other associated factors. This characterisation contributes to the understanding of human factors in Traffic Safety and to future developments in Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention in Argentina.
Epidemiology of hospitalised burns patients in France
Authors: Rigou A , Thelot B 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundBurns affect approximately 500 000 persons each year in France (65 million inhabitants). At the national level, this issue is poorly investigated, although previous studies have been performed at a local level.ObjectiveTo determine demographic characteristics, incidence and risk factors of hospitalised burned patients for the whole country.MethodThe 2008 data from the French Hospital Information System were analyzed, for all patients hospitalised for burns.ResultsA total of 12 778 hospitalisations for burns was registered in 2008. The majority of hospitalised patients (63%) were male, and the age distribution showed peaks occurring in the 0–4 and 20–49 age groups (33% each group). The mean age was 27 years. In 41% of cases, patients were hospitalised in specialized Burns Units. Smoke inhalation, a total burn surface area over 30%, and third-degree burns accounted for 13% of all hospitalisations. There were some seasonal variations in hospital admissions: burns were more frequent during summer (28%). The average length of hospital stay was 7.5 days. The overall annual rate of burns admission was 14.5/100 000, and showed geographical differences: admissions were more frequent in the North-East than in other parts of the country. One-hundred-ninety-four patients died, representing a lethality rate of 1.5%.ConclusionThis study is an example of the epidemiological usefulness of administrative hospitalisation data describing the characteristics of burned patients. Prevention measures for reducing the risk of burn injuries are required, especially for parents with young children.
Unintentional paediatric falls from heights in France: epidemiology and prevention
Authors: Rigou A , Meyer P , Girard D , Jousset N , Thelot B 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundUnintentional paediatric falls from heights represent a longstanding public health problem, particularly in industrialised countries.ObjectiveTo determine incidence rates and epidemiological risk factors of unintentional paediatric falls from heights in France. To help prevent these injuries.MethodAn epidemiological survey was carried out in the Paris region (11.5 million inhabitants). It collected all unintentional falls from heights among children under 15 years of age (2.2 million) from 15 March to 15 October 2006. An organisation involved in epidemiological surveillance and prevention strategy was set up, including epidemiologists, medical doctors, sociologists and experts in regulation.ResultsSixty-four unintentional falls from heights were registered; 67% were children under 6 years of age, and 59% were male. In most of cases, young children fell due to lack of surveillance from adults. An item of furniture was located under the window or was moved to this area by the child in 42% of cases. Seven children (11%) died, and 11 children (17%) suffered from sequelae. A prevention campaign based on posters was initiated to alert parents on the risks of such injuries. Detailed recommendations concerning the evolution of equipments were published, and information on the risk and the severity of these injuries. A follow-up was set up under the auspice of the Ministry of Health.ConclusionThe epidemiological results led to issuing adapted prevention messages, and contributed to recommend regulation strategies, in order to decrease these injuries in France. In 2011 an epidemiological survey will contribute to assess the effectiveness of prevention.
An epidemiological multicenter survey on dog bites in France between May 2009 and April 2010
Authors: Ricard C , Sarcey G , Servas V , Beata C , Chevallier B , le Touze A , Thelot B 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundEach year, dog bites account for several thousands emergency visits in France and numerous hospitalisations. Their consequences in terms of injuries are more severe among children than adults. There are relatively few surveys on dog bites in France.ObjectiveTo establish the link between the severity of the lesions resulting from dog bites and the characteristics of the biting dogs.MethodAn epidemiological interdisciplinary survey was set up on 1 May 2009, with the participation of epidemiologists, medical doctors and veterinarians specialised in dog behaviour. It is implemented in emergency departments of eight voluntary hospitals, where medical data are collected during 1 year, supplemented by veterinary data collected by phone on the characteristics of the dog and the attack. Preliminary results: From May to August 2009, 193 dog bites were reported. Children under 15 years represented 35% of the victims. Open wounds were superficial in 60% of the lesions, often located on the upper extremities (56%). The lesions of the head were 2.2 more frequent among the children under 10 years of age than among other victims. Nearly half (45%) of those who responded to the follow-up questionnaire reported sequelae one month after the bite. Most of them (85%) were esthetical. The most severe lesions were not always committed by big dogs.PerspectivesThe final results of this survey will provide a better understanding of the risk factors of the bites depending on the dog and human behaviours, and lead to adapt prevention actions.
Estimation incidence rates of home and leisure Injuries from data at the emergency departments in France
Authors: Ricard C , Tondeur L , Bonaldi C , Thelot B 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe knowledge of the national number of victims of home and leisure injuries is a first step to quantify their importance and to develop preventive actions.ObjectiveTo estimate incidence rates of emergency visits due to home and leisure injuries among persons aged 15 years and above in France in 2006.MethodA Poisson mixed model was used to estimate the ratio between the number of emergency visits due to home and leisure injuries and the number of hospitalisations for injury. The number of emergency visits was obtained from emergency data of unintentional injuries collected in the hospitals of five French cities. The number of hospitalisations was available in national hospital administrative databases.ResultsThe national extrapolation of the ratio was used to estimate the number of people over 15 years injured by at least one home and leisure injuries in 2006 to 2.7 million (95% CI 2.0 to 3.3). This corresponds to an incidence rate of 5.3 (3.9 to 6.7) per 100 persons-year, 5.9 for men (4.3 to 7.4), and 4.8 for women (3.6 to 6.1).ConclusionThese estimations are close to those obtained from cross-sectional surveys and show the importance of the home and leisure injuries as a public health issue. This method is an interesting solution to obtain national estimations of the number of injuries by the use of the relationship between local specific data and national administrative data. It could be tested with other variables and for several years.