bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differing Contributions of Anthropogenic Aerosols and Greenhouse Gases on Precipitation Intensity Percentiles Over the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River
Authors: Luo Fu , Wang Shanshan , Wang Hao , Shu Xinya , Huang Jianping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn June–July 2020, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR) were hit by a Meiyu event characterized by a long duration, abundant precipitation, and frequent heavy rainfall, resulting in destructive flooding. We found that the extreme cumulative precipitation in 2020 was mainly contributed by more moderate to heavy daily precipitation rather than extreme daily events. Although some previous studies have been conducted to attribute the 2020 Meiyu event in the MLYR, most of them focused on the cumulative precipitation amount. This attribution case study complements previous attribution analyses and reveals many new features. Our results show that anthropogenic climate change—primarily driven by greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing, anthropogenic aerosol (AA) forcing, and land‐use—has led to a decrease in the number of light to heavy precipitation days, while concurrently increasing the number of extreme precipitation days in the MLYR. Specifically, GHG and AA forcings decreased the frequency of light and moderate precipitation, but only GHG increased the frequency of extreme precipitation. An increasing trend in very heavy precipitation days has been observed. The competitive effects of GHG and AA forcings make it challenging to detect the signal of human activities, which could be intermingled with effects from natural variability. Under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario, the probability of experiencing both light and extreme precipitation events will significantly increase in the MLYR. By 2050–2100, these events are projected to be nearly 4 times more frequent compared to the current climate, which poses significant challenges to water security and economic development decision makers.
Evaluating Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieved From VIIRS Using Global Scale, Multi‐Seasonal Airborne Observations
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Brock Charles , Kondragunta Shobha , Laszlo Istvan , McDonald Brian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAerosol optical depth (AOD) is a vital parameter in atmospheric research. Using observations of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), onboard Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership (Suomi‐NPP) and NOAA‐20 satellites, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) produces near‐real time AOD product with high pixel resolution (750 m), wide swath width (3,040 km), and a 16‐day repeat cycle. Here we report the evaluation of the NOAA/VIIRS AOD using a comprehensive aerosol data set, derived from a global‐scale, multi‐seasonal airborne mission, the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). This data set includes rich physical and chemical information, such as size distributions, chemical compositions, optical properties, and hygroscopicities of major aerosol types, including dust, sea salt, smoke, internally mixed sulfate/nitrate/organics particles (non‐smoke), black carbon, etc. Globally, VIIRS AOD (Suomi‐NPP and NOAA‐20) shows good agreement with the ATom AOD in the moderate to high AOD range (>0.3), with respect to measurement uncertainties (orthogonal distance regression fitting slope: 1.5 ± 0.2 for Suomi‐NPP and 1.6 ± 0.5 for NOAA‐20; correlation coefficient: 0.85 for Suomi‐NPP and 0.73 for NOAA‐20). There is a persistent bias in the low AOD range (<0.3) on the order of 0.03, likely reflecting systematic errors on VIIRS and/or the ATom AOD product. Ångström exponent reported by VIIRS shows excellent agreement with ATom results within expected uncertainties. Given the unique insights revealed by the ATom AOD and aerosol property data set, it is desirable to have ATom‐like comprehensive payloads in future airborne satellite validation programs.
Iron Oxyhydroxide‐Rich Hydrothermal Deposits at the High‐Temperature Fåvne Vent Field, Mohns Ridge
Authors: Gini Caroline , Jamieson John W. , Reeves Eoghan P. , Gartman Amy , Barreyre Thibaut , Babechuk Michael G. , Jørgensen Steffen L. , Robert Katleen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe recently discovered Fåvne vent field, located at 3,040 m depth on the slow‐spreading Mohns mid‐ocean ridge between Greenland and Norway, is a high‐temperature (≥250°C) vent field that is characterized by Fe oxyhydroxide‐rich and S‐poor chimneys and mounds. The vent field is located on both the hanging wall and footwall of a normal fault with a ∼1.5 km throw that forms the western edge of the ∼20 km wide ridge axial valley. Data collected during exploration of the site using a remotely operated vehicle as well as mineralogical and geochemical analyses of rock samples and sediments are used to characterize the geological setting of the vent field and composition of the hydrothermal deposits. The chimney walls are highly porous and lack defined chalcopyrite lined conduits, typical of high‐temperature chimneys. Overall, abundant Fe oxyhydroxide precipitation at high‐temperature vents at Fåvne reflects an excess of Fe over reduced S in the fluid, leading to precipitation of Fe oxide and oxyhydroxide minerals at high to moderate temperature vents (>100°C), and as microbially mediated and abiotic precipitation of Fe oxyhydroxide minerals at low‐temperature diffuse vents (<100°C). The mounds and chimneys exhibit low base metal and reduced S concentrations relative to globally averaged seafloor deposits and suggest subseafloor mixing of hydrothermal fluid with seawater, causing metal sulfide precipitation. Cobalt enrichment at Fåvne may reflect a subsurface influence of an ultramafic substrate on circulating fluids, although ultramafic rocks are absent on the seafloor and no other elements typical of ultramafic deposits are present.
Probabilistic Determination of the Role of Faults and Intrusions in Helium‐Rich Gas Fields Formation
Authors: Halford D. T. , Karolytė R. , Andreason M. W. , Cathey B. , Cathey M. , Dellenbach J. T. , Cuzella J. J. , Sonnenberg S. A. , Cheng A. , McCaffrey K. J. W. , Gluyas J. G. , Ballentine C. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNatural gas fields with economic helium (>0.3 He %) require the radioactive decay of crustal uranium (U) and thorium (Th) to generate He and tectonic/structural regimes favorable to releasing and concentrating He. An unknown is determining the role of faults and structural features in focusing deep‐seated He sources on shallow accumulations. We tested the correlation between high‐He wells (n = 94) and structural features using a new high‐resolution aeromagnetic survey in the Four Corners area, USA. A depth‐to‐basement map with basement lineaments/faults, an intrusion map, and a flattened basement structural high map were created using Werner deconvolution algorithms by combining magnetic, gravity, and topography data with magnetic and gravity depth profiles. We show quantitatively (via analysis of variance) that a non‐random process controls the relationship between He (>0.3%) and both basement faults and intrusions: 88% of high‐He wells occur <1 km of basement faults; and 85% of high‐He wells occur <1 km of intrusions. As He % increases, the distance to the structural features decreases. Strong spatial/statistical correlations of He wells to both basement faults and intrusions suggest that advective transport via faults/intrusions facilitates He migration. The role of gas phase buoyancy and structural trapping is confirmed: 88% of high‐He occurs within basement structural highs, and 91% of the remaining wells are <1 km from intrusions (potential structural high). We present a composite figure to illustrate how a probabilistic approach can be used as a predictive model to improve He exploration success by targeting zones of intersection of basement faults and intrusions within basement structural highs.
Radiative Heating of High‐Level Clouds and Its Impacts on Climate
Authors: Haslehner Kerstin , Gasparini Blaž , Voigt Aiko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe interactions of clouds with radiation influence climate. Many of these impacts appear to be related to the radiative heating and cooling from high‐level clouds, but few studies have explicitly tested this. Here, we use simulations with the ICON‐ESM model to understand how high‐level clouds, through their radiative heating and cooling, influence the large‐scale atmospheric circulation and precipitation in the present‐day climate. We introduce a new method to diagnose the radiative heating of high‐level clouds: instead of defining high‐level clouds as all clouds at temperatures colder than −35°C, we define them as all clouds with a cloud top at temperatures colder than −35°C. The inclusion of the lower cloud parts at temperatures warmer than −35°C circumvents the creation of artificial cloud boundaries and strong artificial radiative heating at the temperature threshold. To isolate the impact of high‐level clouds, we analyze simulations with active cloud‐radiative heating, with the radiative heating from high‐level clouds set to zero, and with the radiative heating from all clouds set to zero. We show that the radiative interactions of high‐level clouds warm the troposphere and strengthen the eddy‐driven jet streams, but have no impact on the Hadley circulation strength and the latitude of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Consistent with their positive radiative heating and energetic arguments, high‐level clouds reduce precipitation throughout the tropics and lower midlatitudes. Overall, our results confirm that the radiative interactions of high‐level clouds have important impacts on climate and highlight the need for better representing their radiative interactions in models.
QL1209 (pertuzumab biosimilar) versus reference pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and docetaxel in neoadjuvant treatment for HER2-positive, ER/PR-negative, early or locally advanced breast cancer: A multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, parallel-controlled, phase III equivalence trial
Authors: Zuo Wenjia , Wang Zhonghua , Qian Jun , Ma Xiaopeng , Niu Zhaofeng , Ou Jianghua , Mo Qinguo , Sun Jing , Li Xinzheng , Wang Qitang , Yao Yongzhong , Yu Guohua , Li Hongsheng , Chen Dedian , Zhang Hao , Geng Cuizhi , Qiao Guangdong , Zhao Mengmeng , Zhang Baihui , Kang Xiaoyan , Zhang Jin , Shao Zhimin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
This randomized, parallel-controlled, double-blinded, phase III equivalence study evaluated the equivalence of a proposed pertuzumab biosimilar QL1209 to the pertuzumab (Perjeta®) each with trastuzumab and docetaxel in neoadjuvant treatment of early or locally advanced breast cancer patients with HER2-positive, ER/PR-negative.

Methods
Eligible patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to receive 4 cycles of neoadjuvant QL1209 or pertuzumab each with trastuzumab and docetaxel, and adjuvant treatment. The primary endpoint was total pathologic complete response (tpCR), with equivalence margins of 0.76 to 1.32.

Results
Among the 585 patients enrolled, 257 and 259 patients were assigned to the QL1209 and pertuzumab groups, respectively. The tpCR rates were comparable in the QL1209 (109/255, 42.75%; 90% CI 37.65 to 47.84) and pertuzumab (117/259, 45.17%; 90% CI 40.09 to 50.26) groups. The tpCR risk ratio was 0.95 (90% CI, 0.80 to 1.11), and the 90% CI fell within the predefined equivalence margin. The most common grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse event was decreased neutrophil count (10. 9% vs. 12.7%) in the QL1209 and pertuzumab groups.

Conclusions
QL1209 demonstrated equivalent efficacy and comparable safety profile to the reference pertuzumab in neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-positive, ER/PR-negative, early, or locally advanced breast cancer.

Trial registration
Chinadrugtrials.org CTR20201073; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04629846.
Limitations in next-generation sequencing-based genotyping of breast cancer polygenic risk score loci
Authors: Baumann Alexandra , Ruckert Christian , Meier Christoph , Hutschenreiter Tim , Remy Robert , Schnur Benedikt , Döbel Marvin , Fankep Rudel Christian Nkouamedjo , Skowronek Dariush , Kutz Oliver , Arnold Norbert , Katzke Anna-Lena , Forster Michael , Kobiela Anna-Lena , Thiedig Katharina , Zimmer Andreas , Ritter Julia , Weber Bernhard H. F. , Honisch Ellen , Hackmann Karl ,   Bioinformatics Working Group of the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast & Ovarian Cancer, Drukewitz Stephan , Engel Christoph , Frommolt Peter , Groß Eva , Helmuth Johannes , Kowalzyk Zarah , Radtke Maximilian , Ramser Juliane , Uebe Steffen , Wang-Gohrke Shan , Schmidt Gunnar , Sturm Marc , Ernst Corinna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConsidering polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in individual risk prediction is increasingly implemented in genetic testing for hereditary breast cancer (BC) based on next-generation sequencing (NGS). To calculate individual BC risks, the Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA) with the inclusion of the BCAC 313 or the BRIDGES 306 BC PRS is commonly used. The PRS calculation depends on accurately reproducing the variant allele frequencies (AFs) and, consequently, the distribution of PRS values anticipated by the algorithm. Here, the 324 loci of the BCAC 313 and the BRIDGES 306 BC PRS were examined in population-specific database gnomAD and in real-world data sets of five centers of the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC-HBOC), to determine whether these expected AFs can be reproduced by NGS-based genotyping. Four PRS loci were non-existent in gnomAD v3.1.2 non-Finnish Europeans, further 24 loci showed noticeably deviating AFs. In real-world data, between 11 and 23 loci were reported with noticeably deviating AFs, and were shown to have effects on final risk prediction. Deviations depended on the sequencing approach, variant caller and calling mode (forced versus unforced) employed. Therefore, this study demonstrates the necessity to apply quality assurance not only in terms of sequencing coverage but also observed AFs in a sufficiently large cohort, when implementing PRSs in a routine diagnostic setting. Furthermore, future PRS design should be guided by the technical reproducibility of expected AFs across commonly used genotyping methods, especially NGS, in addition to the observed effect sizes.
Key informant perspectives on implementing genomic newborn screening: a qualitative study guided by the Action, Actor, Context, Target, Time framework
Authors: Tutty Erin , Archibald Alison D. , Downie Lilian , Gaff Clara , Lunke Sebastian , Vears Danya F. , Stark Zornitza , Best Stephanie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNewborn screening (NBS) programmes are highly successful, trusted, public health interventions. Genomic sequencing offers the opportunity to increase the benefits of NBS by screening infants for a greater number and variety of childhood-onset conditions. This study aimed to describe who needs to do what, when, and for whom to deliver genomic newborn screening (gNBS) and capture perceived implementation barriers and enablers. ‘Key informants’ (individuals involved in the delivery of NBS) were interviewed. The Actor, Action, Context, Time and Target framework guided data collection and analysis. Participants (N = 20) identified new Actions required to deliver gNBS (educating healthcare providers, longitudinal psychosocial support), NBS Actions needing modification (obtaining consent) and NBS Actions that could be adopted for gNBS (prompt referral pathways). Obtaining consent in a prenatal Context was a source of some disagreement. The Time to disclose high chance results was raised as a key consideration in gNBS programme design. Genetic counsellors were identified as key Actors in results management, but workforce limitations may be a barrier. Online decision support tools were an enabler to offering gNBS. The implementation of gNBS will require behaviour changes from HCPs delivering NBS. Findings can inform how to deliver gNBS at population-scale.
Anakinra in Sanfilippo syndrome: a phase 1/2 trial
Authors: Polgreen Lynda E. , Chen Agnes H. , Pak Youngju , Luzzi Anna , Morales Garval Adolfo , Acevedo Jonathan , Bitan Gal , Iacovino Michelina , O’Neill Cara , Eisengart Julie B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSanfilippo syndrome is a fatal childhood neurodegenerative disorder involving neuroinflammation among multiple pathologies. We hypothesized that anakinra, a recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, could improve neurobehavioral and functional symptoms owing to its capacity to treat neuroinflammation. This phase 1/2 trial aimed to test the safety, tolerability and effects of anakinra on neurobehavioral, functional and quality-of-life outcomes in patients and their caregivers. The primary outcome was the percent of participants requiring a dose increase at week 8 or week 16. Secondary efficacy outcomes included a multi-domain responder index (MDRI). Twenty-three participants (6–26 years of age) were enrolled. Twenty continued treatment to week 8, and 15 (75%) required an increased dose at week 8 or week 16. There was an improvement in at least one domain in the MDRI in 18 of 21 (86%) at week 8 and in 15 of 16 (94%) at week 36. Seven participants withdrew (intolerability of daily injections and lost to follow-up) before week 36. Adverse events occurred in 22 of 23 (96%) participants, most commonly mild injection site reactions. No serious adverse events were related to anakinra. In conclusion, anakinra was safe and associated with improved neurobehavioral and functional outcomes, supporting continued investigation of anakinra in Sanfilippo syndrome and other mucopolysaccharidoses. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04018755.
Derivation and transcriptional reprogramming of border-forming wound repair astrocytes after spinal cord injury or stroke in mice
Authors: O’Shea Timothy M. , Ao Yan , Wang Shinong , Ren Yilong , Cheng Amy L. , Kawaguchi Riki , Shi Zechuan , Swarup Vivek , Sofroniew Michael V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) lesions become surrounded by neuroprotective borders of newly proliferated reactive astrocytes; however, fundamental features of these cells are poorly understood. Here we show that following spinal cord injury or stroke, 90% and 10% of border-forming astrocytes derive, respectively, from proliferating local astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in adult mice of both sexes. Temporal transcriptome analysis, single-nucleus RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry show that after focal CNS injury, local mature astrocytes dedifferentiate, proliferate and become transcriptionally reprogrammed to permanently altered new states, with persisting downregulation of molecules associated with astrocyte–neuron interactions and upregulation of molecules associated with wound healing, microbial defense and interactions with stromal and immune cells. These wound repair astrocytes share morphologic and transcriptional features with perimeningeal limitans astrocytes and are the predominant source of neuroprotective borders that re-establish CNS integrity around lesions by separating neural parenchyma from stromal and immune cells as occurs throughout the healthy CNS.
A complete reference genome of broomcorn millet
Authors: Wang Haigang , Wang Junjie , Chen Chunhai , Chen Ling , Li Meng , Qin Huibin , Tian Xiang , Hou Sen , Yang Xukui , Jian Jianbo , Gao Peng , Wang Lun , Qiao Zhijun , Mu Zhixin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBroomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), known for its traits of drought resistance, adaptability to poor soil, short growth period, and high photosynthetic efficiency as a C4 plant, represents one of the earliest domesticated crops globally. This study reports the telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gap-free reference genome for broomcorn millet (AJ8) using PacBio high-fidelity (HiFi) long reads, Oxford Nanopore long-read technologies and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) sequencing data. The size of AJ8 genome was approximately 834.7 Mb, anchored onto 18 pseudo-chromosomes. Notably, 18 centromeres and 36 telomeres were obtained. The assembled genome showed high quality in terms of completeness (BUSCO score: 99.6%, QV: 61.7, LAI value: 20.4). In addition, 63,678 protein-coding genes and 433.8 Mb (~52.0%) repetitive sequences were identified. The complete reference genome for broomcorn millet provides a valuable resource for genetic studies and breeding of this important cereal crop.
Automatic lithology identification in meteorite impact craters using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Yirenkyi Steven , Boateng Cyril D. , Ahene Emmanuel , Danuor Sylvester K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIdentifying lithologies in meteorite impact craters is an important task to unlock processes that have shaped the evolution of planetary bodies. Traditional methods for lithology identification rely on time-consuming manual analysis, which is costly and limits the efficiency of rapid decision-making. This paper utilizes different machine learning algorithms namely Random Forest, Decision Tree, K Nearest Neighbors, and Logistic Regression with Grid Search to classify rock lithologies using data from the Bosumtwi impact crater in Ghana. A repeated stratified k-fold cross-validation method is applied to Grid Search to select the best combination of hyperparameters. The findings demonstrate that the Random Forest algorithm achieves the most promising results in classifying lithologies in the meteorite impact crater with an accuracy score of 86.89%, a recall score of 84.88%, a precision score of 87.21%, and an F1 score of 85.48%. The findings also suggest that more high-quality data has the potential to further increase the accuracy scores of the machine learning algorithm. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the significant potential of machine learning techniques to revolutionize lithology identification in meteorite impact craters, thus paving the way for their influential role in future space exploration endeavors.