bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ceramic Microbeads as Adsorbents for Purification Technologies with High Specific Surface Area, Adjustable Pore Size, and Morphology Obtained by Ionotropic Gelation
Authors: Klein Tanja Yvonne , Treccani Laura , Rezwan Kurosch 
Published: December 2011

In this study, we present an ionotropic gelation route for obtaining porous alumina/silica microbeads (MBs) with tailorable morphology, specific surface area (SBET), and pore size, which can directly be sintered into porous, monolithic adsorbents (MAds). After sintering, SBETs from 20 m2/g up to 70 m2/g with open porosities up to 90% could be achieved depending on the silica nanoparticle addition. Due to the significantly increased SBET, a more than 100‐fold faster uptake of model dye molecules was obtained. Pore sizes ranged between 13 and 184 nm with adjustable mono‐ and bimodal size distributions. Depending on silica content and sintering temperature, the MBs were also found to be chemically stable in technologically relevant solvents such as water, acetone, acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid, and methanol for at least 1 week except for sodium hydroxide. By adjusting the processing parameters, spherical, fibrous or irregular microbead morphologies could be obtained. The same route was also successfully applied for obtaining calcium phosphate, titania, and zirconia microbeads. The presented straight‐forward ionotropic gelation route is basically applicable to any other ceramic material and therefore extremely versatile. The obtained MBs and MAds can be further adapted to any type of environmental or biotechnological purification process by additional functionalization steps.
In Situ Formation of Hydroxyapatite – Αlpha Tricalcium Phosphate Biphasic Ceramics with Higher Strength and Bioactivity
Authors: Sureshbabu S. , Komath Manoj , Varma H. K. 
Published: December 2011

Synthetic bone grafts based on hydroxyapatite–alpha tricalcium phosphate (HA/α‐TCP) biphasic system are preferred for their higher resorbability and bioactivity. In this work, a viable method is suggested to produce HA/α‐TCP systems with enhanced bioactivity and mechanical strength, through the in situ conversion of calcium‐deficient apatite precursor. A homogeneous precipitation technique was used to produce the precursor powder. It was heat‐treated to study the phase conversion using XRD and FTIR. The precursor got converted HA/β‐TCP system above 762°C, which further transformed to HA/α‐TCP system after 1165°C. The sintering temperature was optimized at 1175°C. It is the net Ca/P ratio of the precursor which decides the ratio of the phases in the final ceramic. The precursor with Ca/P = 1.585 gave a biphasic ceramic containing 47% α‐TCP. The flexural strength of this sample was more than 2.5 times higher compared to the biphasic ceramic made by sintering HA/α‐TCP powder mix. The internal microstructure of the ceramic revealed the formation of α‐TCP in sheet‐like morphology. Preferential dissolution of the α‐TCP from the sample surface in aqueous and acidic environment was confirmed quantitatively. Biomimetic growth technique in simulated body fluid has been used to assess the bioactivity in vitro.
Identification of telocytes in the upper lamina propria of the human urinary tract
Authors: Gevaert Thomas , De Vos Rita , Van Der Aa Frank , Joniau Steven , van den Oord Joost , Roskams Tania , De Ridder Dirk 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe upper lamina propria (ULP) area of interstitial cells (IC) has been studied extensively in bladder, but is rather unexplored in the rest of the urinary tract. This cell layer is intriguing because of the localization directly underneath the urothelium, the intercellular contacts and the close relationship with nerve endings and capillaries. In this study, we examine the ULP layer of IC in human renal pelvis, ureter and urethra, and we make a comparison with ULP IC in bladder. Tissue was obtained from normal areas in nephrectomy, cystectomy and prostatectomy specimens, and processed for morphology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. A morphological and immunohistochemical phenotype for the ULP IC was assessed and region‐dependent differences were looked for. The ULP IC in renal pelvis, ureter and urethra had a similar ultrastructural phenotype, which differed somehow from that of bladder IC, that is, thinner and longer cytoplasmic processes, no peripheral actin filaments and presence of dense core granules and microtubules. Together with their immunohistochemical profile, these features are most compatible with the phenotype of telocytes, a recently discovered group of stromal cells. Based on their global ultrastructural and immunohistochemical phenotype, ULP IC in human bladder should also be classified as telocytes. The most striking immunohistochemical finding was the variable expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). The functional relevance of ULP telocytes in the urinary tract remains to be elucidated, and ER and PR might therefore be promising pharmacological research targets.
Conventional SLA and chemically modified SLA implants in patients with poorly controlled type 2 Diabetes mellitus – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Khandelwal Namita , Oates Thomas W. , Vargas Adriana , Alexander Peggy P. , Schoolfield John D. , Alex McMahan C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for a chemically modified Sand blasted, Large grit, Acid etched (SLA) surface, compared with a conventional SLA surface, to enhance implant healing and integration in poorly controlled diabetic patients, a group previously demonstrated to have compromises and delays in implant stabilization during the metabolically active healing period following implant placement.Materials and methodsThe study enrolled 24 patients with type 2 diabetes, baseline HbA1c levels between 7.5–11.4%, and a minimum of two posterior mandibular tooth sites at least 4 months following extraction and appropriate for implant placement. Each patient, at a randomly selected site, received an implant with the conventional SLA surface; at the second site, the patient received an implant with the chemically modified SLA (modSLA) surface. Thus, 48 study implants were placed. Implant stability was assessed using Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA). Readings were taken from the buccal and proximal directions for each implant. Implant stability (ISQ) was assessed at the time of surgical placement (baseline) and 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16 weeks following implant placement.ResultsNo significant differences in implant stability were observed between conventional SLA implants and modSLA implants, and the time courses of implant stabilization following implant placement were similar for the two implant types. Baseline ISQ and minimum ISQ was slightly higher in subjects with higher HbA1c levels, but were similar during 12–16 weeks following implant placement. Forty‐seven (98%) of the 48 implants were determined to be successfully osseointegrated and continued to restoration.ConclusionImplant stabilization was similar for the conventional SLA and chemically modified SLA implants in type 2 diabetic patients with relatively poor glycemic control. Furthermore, this study demonstrated clinically successful implant placement even in poorly controlled diabetic patients.
Effectiveness of different interdental brushes on cleaning the interproximal surfaces of teeth and implants: a randomized controlled, double‐blind cross‐over study
Authors: Chongcharoen Nardnadda , Lulic Martina , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the interproximal cleansing efficacy of the novel, waist‐shaped Circum® brush (Topcaredent®, Switzerland; CB) with that of a straight soft interdental brush (IB) (TePe®, Sweden; SB) on posterior surfaces.Material & methodsEight patients after completion of initial periodontal therapy abolished oral hygiene for 3 days. Baseline plaque scores (PlI, Silness & Löe ) were assessed on eight surfaces of all premolars and molars. Subsequently, an instructed nurse applied at random one of the two IB, three times per interdental space . Following this, registration of the PlI was repeated by the same blinded examiner. After a 2‐week recovery, patients abolished oral hygiene practices for another 3 days. Again, pre‐and post‐brushing PlI were recorded by the same examiner. The second IB was now applied.ResultsPatient mean PlI and site PlI were evaluated before and after application of the SB or CB respectively. Paired t‐tests were performed to yield statistically significant differences. The reduction of biofilm from before to after the use of the IB on a subject basis was highly significant (P < 0.0001). The mean PlI after the use of the CB was significantly lower than after the use of the SB (P < 0.0001). Comparing the PlI of the line angles (MB, ML, DB, DL), significantly more biofilm had been removed by applying CB compared with SB (P < 0.0001). Moreover, comparing the PlI of the buccal (MB, DB) or the lingual line angles (DL, ML) yielded a significantly higher reduction of biofilm in favour of the CB (P < 0.0001). The reduction of the PlI in the mid‐interproximal portion, both mesially and distally did not differ significantly between CB and ST. No biofilm reduction was seen on the buccal sites with either IB.ConclusionThe application of the waist‐shaped Circum® IB resulted in significantly lower PlI scores than the use of a straight IB. This was predominantly due to the higher cleansing effect of the waist‐shaped CB on the buccal and lingual line angles.
Emergency surgical cricothyroidotomy: 24 successful cases leading to a simple ‘scalpel–finger–tube’ method
Authors: Paix Bruce R , Griggs William M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSurgical airway access justifiably remains the final option for managing the ‘can't intubate can't ventilate’ situation, but available techniques are often complicated and might require special equipment. This paper reports on the real world experience of two experienced Australian medical specialists with backgrounds in Anaesthesia and Aeromedical Retrieval who performed 24 surgical airways, mainly under adverse prehospital conditions, over a combined 40 years of practice. All attempts were successful, the majority through a simple open ‘scalpel–finger–tube’ method, which is described here.
Breast Cancer and Sexuality: Multi-modal Treatment Options (CME)
Authors: Krychman Michael L. , Katz Anne 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Krychman ML and Katz A. Breast cancer and sexuality: Multi-modal treatment options. J Sex Med **;**:**–**
The sexual consequences of breast cancer and its treatments are well known and previously reviewed. Alterations in body image, with or without breast reconstruction, changes in sexual self-esteem and self-efficacy, vulvovaginal atrophy as a result of chemotherapy and/or adjuvant hormone therapy, and loss of libido secondary to dyspareunia and body image issues are common in survivors of breast cancer. Medications that are prescribed for long-term use including those in the class of aromatase inhibitors can have far-reaching implications on quality of life by contributing to vulvar and vaginal atrophic changes. While this is an important issue, there are few widely accepted treatments that have been evaluated for efficacy and safety for these sexual challenges in the breast cancer population. However, progress is being made in finding new and innovative solutions for many of the sexual problems faced by breast cancer survivors and their partners. Many institutions are now compelled to address survivorship concerns and addressing sexuality and intimacy are paramount issues in survivorship care. In this article, we present the evidence for the multimodal approach to the management of sexuality concerns in the breast cancer survivor. Pharmacologic, nonpharmacologic, and psychosocial interventions will be reviewed.
An evidence based review of the assessment and management of penetrating neck trauma
Authors: Burgess C.A. , Dale O.T. , Almeyda R. , Corbridge R.J. 
Published: December 2011

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2012, 37, 44–52Background:  Although relatively uncommon, penetrating neck trauma has the potential for serious morbidity and an estimated mortality of up to 6%. The assessment and management of patients who have sustained a penetrating neck injury has historically been an issue surrounded by significant controversy.Objectivesof review:  To assess recent evidence relating to the assessment and management of penetrating neck trauma, highlighting areas of controversy with an overall aim of formulating clinical guidelines according to a care pathway format.Type of review:  Structured, non‐systematic review of recent medical literature.Search strategy:  An electronic literature search was performed in May 2011. The Medline database was searched using the Medical Subject Headings terms ‘neck injuries’ and ‘wounds, penetrating’ in conjunction with the terms ‘assessment’ or ‘management’. Embase was searched with the terms ‘penetrating trauma’ and ‘neck injury’, also in conjunction with the terms ‘assessment’ and ‘management’. Results were limited to articles published in English from 1990 to the present day.Evaluation method:  Abstracts were reviewed by the first three authors to select full‐text articles for further critical appraisal. The references and citation links of these articles were hand‐searched to identify further articles of relevance.Results:  147 relevant articles were identified by the electronic literature search, comprising case series, case reports and reviews. 33 were initially selected for further evaluation.Conclusions:  Although controversy continues to surround the management of penetrating neck trauma, the role of selective non‐operative management and the utility of CT angiography to investigate potential vascular injuries appears to be increasingly accepted.
A Photophysical Study of the α‐Carboline (1‐Azacarbazole) Aggregation Process
Authors: García‐Fernández Emilio , Carmona Carmen , Muñoz María A. , Hidalgo José , Balón Manuel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper reports a comprehensive photophysical study of the aggregation process of 1‐azacarbazole, or α‐carboline (9H‐pyrido[2,3‐b]indole), AC, in low polar aprotic solvents by using absorption, steady state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. To ascertain the characteristics of the aggregation process we have studied the changes produced by the increase of the AC concentration and the decrease of the temperature on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the AC monomer. Previously, to aid the interpretation of these results, the hydrogen bonding interactions of the AC monomer with pyridine, PY, and indole, IND, have been also analyzed. The results obtained from these studies reveal that, under our experimental conditions, AC does not form doubly hydrogen bonded cyclic dimers, (AC)2, but singly hydrogen bonded open dimers, AC–AC, and open higher aggregates, (–AC–)n. The formation of these species shifts to the red the absorption spectrum of the AC monomer and quenches its fluorescence.
Microscopic examination of bone marrow aspirate in healthy adults – comparison of two techniques of slide preparation
Authors: LEWANDOWSKI K. , KOWALIK M. M. , PAWLACZYK R. , ROGOWSKI J. , HELLMANN A. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryIntroduction:  According to the International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH) guidelines for the standardization of bone marrow specimens and reports, smears from bone marrow aspirates for microscopic examination should be prepared using two techniques simultaneously: the wedge‐spread and the crush technique. However, the outcomes of these techniques have never been compared.Methods:  We investigated the bone marrow of 105 adult, haematologically healthy subjects, using bone marrow smears prepared via both techniques simultaneously.Results:  Comparison of the two techniques revealed significant differences in terms of the composition of bone marrow cells. Only the percentages of lymphocytes, mature eosinophils and basophils did not differ significantly. The reference ranges for each technique were established.Conclusions:  The crush technique seems to be more valuable than the wedge‐spread technique because of the lack of a blood dilution effect and better assessment of megakaryopoiesis. We recommend the crush technique for the evaluation of the percentage composition of bone marrow cells. In a very small number of patients with irregular cell localization in the bone marrow particles, the wedge‐spread technique may be more beneficial for the assessment of total cellularity. The recommendation to routinely prepare slides using both of these techniques is fully justified.
Analysis of altered proteins related to blast crisis in chronic myeloid leukemia by proteomic study
Authors: ZHANG J. , JIN Z. , DU Q. , LI R. , YAO F. , HUANG B. , XU N. , XU L. , LUO X. , LIU X. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryIntroduction:  Chromic myeloid leukemia (CML) blast crisis (BC) and imatinib (IM) resistance is a significant barrier to the effective treatment of the disease.Methods:  Expression profiles of differential proteins were identified, and new biomarkers or pathways related to BC in CML were screened through proteomic analysis. Total proteins from primary bone marrow cells of CML patients in chronic phase (CP) and BC were separated via two‐dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then analyzed by imagemaster 5.0 software to detect differential protein spots which were already identified by mass spectrometry. Based on the variation of the whole expression profile, some key proteins were picked out for Western blot to confirm the accuracy of proteomics data. Moreover, related signal pathways involving those proteins were investigated.Results:  The result indicated that thirteen protein points between CML‐CP and CML‐BC were successfully determined. Results from Western blot of RhoA, hnRNPK, ANXA1, PSMB4, and LTA4H were similar to those from 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Most of those proteins were involved in the proteosome pathway and the small G‐protein pathway.Conclusion:  A group of proteins associated with BC can be obtained and the result of this study might provide clues for further research.
The Metabolically Healthy But Obese Phenotype in African Americans
Authors: Cherqaoui Rabia , Kassim Thaslim A. , Kwagyan John , Freeman Clyde , Nunlee‐Bland Gail , Ketete Muluemebet , Xu Shichen , Randall Otelio S. 
Published: December 2011

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).Obesity has become one of the leading public health concerns in the United States and worldwide. While obesity is associated with the metabolic syndrome, some obese individuals do not possess the constellation of the metabolic abnormalities and are referred to as metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) persons. Limited data exist on the prevalence and characteristics of the MHO in African Americans. The authors studied 126 obese African Americans and defined the MHO phenotype as an individual with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥40 mg/dL, absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and absence of arterial hypertension. The correlates of the MHO phenotype with anthropometrical and metabolic indices were examined, as well as the effect of age on these correlates. Results showed that 36 (28.5%) of the individuals were identified with the MHO phenotype. Waist circumference (WC) and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) were significantly lower (P<.05) in MHO than in non‐MHO patients. While there were significant lower levels of low‐density lipoprotein and triglycerides in MHO among patients younger than 40 years, the significance was lost among patients 40 years or older. This study indicates that increased WC and WHR may be early premetabolic syndrome markers in obese individuals and should warrant aggressive risk factor reduction therapy to prevent future development of related cardiovascular conditions.
Enabling Innovative Translational Research in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Zarjou Abolfazl , Sanders Paul W. , Mehta Ravindra L. , Agarwal Anupam 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, heterogeneous, and detrimental clinical condition that has significant attributable morbidity and mortality. Despite major advances in understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and outcomes of AKI, preventive measures remain inadequate and therapeutic approaches (except for renal replacement therapy) have largely proven futile so far. Critical to the process of designing rational therapies is translational research, which involves the transition between the basic research discoveries and everyday clinical applications to prevent, diagnose, and treat human diseases. Progress in innovative approaches has been hampered due in part to the reliance on functional markers (serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen) that are neither sensitive nor specific to diagnose AKI. This limitation has created a great deal of interest and intense investigation to identify a “troponin‐like marker” that would facilitate recognition of AKI and allow for timely implementation of the precise therapeutic agent. The other major obstacle in this field is the diverse and complex nature of AKI that involves multiple independent and overlapping pathways, making it difficult to cure AKI with a single approach. In this review, we will summarize the advances, ongoing studies, and future perspectives in the field of translational research of AKI. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 93–101
Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wen Jessica 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAutosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a developmental disorder that mainly affects the kidneys and the biliary tract. Affected patients often have massively enlarged cystic kidneys as well as congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) characterized by dilated bile ducts and associated peribiliary fibrosis. This review will examine what is known about ARPKD‐associated liver disease and will highlight areas of ongoing research into its pathogenesis and potential treatment. Clin Trans Sci 2011; Volume 4: 460–465
The Loss of Homeostasis in Hemostasis: New Approaches in Treating and Understanding Acute Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Critically Ill Patients*
Authors: Hook Karen M. , Abrams Charles S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) profoundly increases the morbidity and mortality of patients who have sepsis. Both laboratory and clinical research advanced the understanding of the biology and pathophysiology of DIC. This, in turn, gave rise to improved therapies and patient outcomes. Beginning with a stimulus causing disruption of vascular integrity, cytokines and chemokines cause activation of systemic coagulation and inflammation. Seemingly paradoxically, the interplay between coagulation and inflammation also inhibits endogenous anticoagulants, fibrinolytics, and antiinflammatory pathways. The earliest documented and best‐studied microbial cause of DIC is the lipopolysaccharide endotoxin of Gram‐negative bacteria. Extensive microvascular thrombi emerge in the systemic vasculature due to dysregulation of coagulation. The result of this unrestrained, widespread small vessel thromboses multiorgan system failure. Consumption of platelets and coagulation factors during this process can lead to an elevated risk of hemorrhage. The management of these patients with simultaneous hemorrhage and thrombosis is complex and challenging. Definitive treatment of DIC, and attenuation of end‐organ damage, requires control of the inciting cause. Currently, activated protein C is the only approved therapy in the United States for sepsis complicated by DIC. Further research is needed in this area to improve clinical outcomes for patients with sepsis. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 85–92