bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and cataract development: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Chun-Hui , Xin Zhi-Kun 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Vitamin deficiencies are linked to various eye diseases, and the influence of vitamin D on cataract formation has been noted in prior research. However, detailed investigations into the causal relationship between 25-(OH)D status and cataract development remain scarce.
AIM
To explore a possible causal link between cataracts and vitamin D.
METHODS
In this study, we explored the causal link between 25-(OH)D levels and cataract development using Mendelian randomization. Our analytical approach included inverse-variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. The primary analyses utilized IVW with random effects, supplemented by sensitivity and heterogeneity tests using both IVW and MR-Egger. MR-Egger was also applied for pleiotropy testing. Additionally, a leave-one-out analysis helped identify potentially impactful single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
RESULTS
The analysis revealed a positive association between 25-(OH)D levels and the risk of developing cataracts (OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.00-1.22; P = 0.032). The heterogeneity test revealed that our IVW analysis exhibited minimal heterogeneity (P > 0.05), and the pleiotropy test findings confirmed the absence of pleiotropy within our IVW analysis (P > 0.05). Furthermore, a search of the human genotype-phenotype association database failed to identify any potentially relevant risk-factor single nucleotide polymorphisms.
CONCLUSION
There is a potential causal link between 25-(OH)D levels and the development of cataracts, suggesting that greater 25-(OH)D levels may be a contributing risk factor for cataract formation. Further experimental research is required to confirm these findings.
Giant cavernous aneurysms occluded by aneurysmal thrombosis, calcification, parent artery occlusion: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Wang Ming-Xi , Nie Qing-Bin 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Patients with giant intracranial aneurysms (GIAs) are at a high risk of rupture, morbidity, and mortality even after surgical or endovascular treatment. We described a case of a spontaneously occluded GIA secondary to gradual growth of the GIA, continuously progressed aneurysmal thrombosis, complete aneurysmal calcification and complete occlusion of the parent artery-the right internal carotid artery (RICA).
CASE SUMMARY
A 72-year-old female patient complained of sudden pain in her right eye upon admission to our hospital. She had been diagnosed with a GIA [30 mm (axial) × 38 mm (coronal) × 28 mm (sagittal)] containing an aneurysmal thrombus located in the cavernous sinus segment of RICA diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enhanced MRI, and magnetic resonance angiography more than 14 years ago. Later, with slow growth of the cavernous carotid GIA, aneurysmal thrombosis progressed continuously, spontaneous occlusion of the RICA, complete aneurysmal calcification, and occlusion of the GIA occurred gradually. She had no history of subarachnoid hemorrhage but missed the chance for endovascular therapy at an early stage. As a result, she was left with severe permanent sequelae from the injuries to the right cranial nerves II, III, IV, V1/V2, and VI.
CONCLUSION
The risk of rupture of the cavernous carotid GIAs was relatively low and possibly further be reduced by the stasis flow and spontaneous occlusion of the parent artery internal carotid artery (ICA) induced by the mass effect of the cavernous carotid GIAs and the extremely rare aneurysmal calcification. However, nowadays, it is advisable to recommend early endovascular treatment for the cavernous carotid GIAs to prevent injuries to the surrounding intracranial nerves and occlusion of the ICA, mainly caused by the mass effect of the cavernous carotid GIAs.
Prosecuting Hate Crime in Football
Authors: Hawkins Nick 
Published: May 2024

Professional football has attracted large crowds since its inception in the 19th century. It has also had players from different cultures, ethnicities, religions and sexual orientation. Few would argue that players, or indeed spectators, should go to stadia and be subjected to behaviour that would not be tolerated, either morally or legally, in other places. Yet that is exactly what happens on a weekly basis, with many abusive fans describing their behaviour as just ‘banter’ and those who challenge them as the ‘fun police’, whereas a more accurate description is ‘hate crime’. This chapter examines the prosecution approach to tackling hate crime in football. It starts by looking at hate crime generally and the football context specifically. The respective roles of the police, the Crown Prosecution Service and the courts are considered as well as their interplay. The history of hate crime in football in the 19th and 20th centuries is examined, as it explains the genesis of the legislation used to tackle violence and disorder in football. An overview of the scale and breadth of the problem in hate crime is provided by considering events from 2000 to 2020. The chapter looks in detail at the key legislation in place at the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 and how policies and guidance have been developed for prosecutors, in partnership with the police. The two leading cases, on football banning orders (Gough v Chief Constable of Derbyshire) and Section 3 of the Football (Offences) Act 1991 (Director of Public Prosecutions v Stoke on Trent Magistrates’ Court), are examined along with cases from the lower courts reported in the media. It is argued that while the legislation is robust, problems with hate crime persist. Also, the current legislation and regulations, which have been strengthened post COVID-19, and the prosecution police and guidance are assessed. The chapter concludes that while much has been achieved, there is much still to be done – and there is no room for complacency.
An Equity-Based Research Agenda to Promote Social Inclusion and Belonging for People With IDD
Authors: Bogenschutz Matthew , Johnson Khalilah Robinson , Hall Sarah , Lineberry Sarah , Rand Joseph , Rossetti Zach , Shikarpurya Sehrish , Ticha Renata 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Having a sense of social inclusion and belonging, typically characterized by our personal relationships and community participation, is the central essence of life for most people, yet it remains elusive for many people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). This article summarizes the work of a diverse group of researchers and advocates to propose 6 big-picture, equity-based goals to drive future research in the field: (1) understanding the role of intersectionality, (2) understanding intimate relationships, (3) promoting formation of communities of care to support social inclusion, (4) understanding life course trajectories of social inclusion, (5) understanding social inclusion in virtual spaces, and (6) understanding how to promote social inclusion in the entire research process.
Housing and Long-Term Services and Supports for People With Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities From Racially and Culturally Minoritized Communities
Authors: Larson Sheryl A. , Caldwell Joseph , Robinson Gregory , Oteman Quinn 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article describes research on the places people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) live and disparities in housing and long-term services and supports (LTSS) outcomes for people with IDD from racially and culturally minoritized groups. It also summarizes the conclusions and recommendations of the Housing and Long-Term Services and Supports strand of the 2022 State of the Science Conference on the Intersection of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion and Supports and Services for People with IDD, identifies limitations of the available research and recommends strategies to improve research, knowledge translation, and practices.
Resonant fiber optic gyroscope driven by a broadband light source based on an over-coupled state fiber ring resonator
Authors: Xu Kai , Zhou Yanru , Xue Fanyan , Wang Yulin , Liu Wenyao , Tang Jun , Liu Jun 
Published: May 2024

The resonant fiber optic gyroscope (RFOG) driven by a broadband light source has advantages over conventional RFOGs in terms of structure, solution, etc., and provides new ideas for the commercialization of RFOGs. In this paper, the basic working principle of RFOG driven by a broadband light source is introduced. The optimal modulation coefficients are provided for sinusoidal wave modulation. The influence of the length of the fiber-optic ring resonator (FRR) and the coupling coefficient of the fiber coupler on the sensitivity is analyzed. The FRR is constructed in the over-coupled state to improve the utilization of optical power, and thus significantly increase the system sensitivity. In experiments, an RFOG prototype with a diameter of 13 cm, a height of 7 cm, and a fiber ring length of 210 m is produced. A bias instability (BI) of 0.06°/h and an angular random walk (ARW) of 0.01∘/h are obtained.
Fourier ptychographic microscopy with adaptive resolution strategy
Authors: Xu Jinghao , Feng Tianci , Wang Aiye , Xu Fannuo , Pan An 
Published: May 2024

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a method capable of reconstructing a high-resolution, wide field-of-view (FOV) image, where dark-field images provide the high-frequency information required for the iterative process. Theoretically, using more dark-field images can lead to results with higher resolution. However, the resolution required to clearly detect samples with different microscales varies. For certain samples, the limit resolution of the imaging system may exceed the one required to resolve the details. This suggests that simply increasing the number of dark-field images will not improve the recognition capability for such samples and may instead significantly increase the computational cost. To address this issue, this Letter proposes an adaptive resolution strategy that automatically assigns the resolution required for the sample. Based on a Tenengrad approach, this strategy determines the number of images required for reconstruction by evaluating a series of differential images among the reconstructions for a certain subregion and then efficiently completes the full-FOV reconstruction according to the determined resolution. We conducted the full-FOV reconstruction utilizing feature-domain FPM for both the USAF resolution test chart and a human red blood cell sample. Employing the adaptive resolution strategy, the preservation of reconstruction resolution can be ensured while respectively economizing approximately 76% and 89% of the time.
Inflammatory and immunopathological differences in brains of permissive and non-permissive hosts with Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection can be identified using 18F/FDG/PET-imaging
Authors: Chang Kang-wei , Wang Lian-Chen , Wang Hung-Yang , Lin Tzu-Yuan , Hwu Edwin En-Te , Cheng Po-Ching 
Published: May 2024

Background
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a parasite that mainly infects the heart and pulmonary arteries of rats and causes human eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis in certain geographical areas. Current diagnostic methods include detection of the parasite in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and eosinophilic immune examination after lumbar puncture, which may be risky and produce false-positive results. 18F- Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), a Positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, has been used to assess different pathological or inflammatory changes in the brains of patients. In this study, we hypothesized that A. cantonensis infection-induced inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors of eosinophils result in localized pathological changes in the brains of non-permissive hosts, which could be analyzed using in vivo 18F-FDG PET imaging.

Methodology/Findings
Non-permissive host ICR mice and permissive host SD rats were infected with A. cantonensis, and the effects of the resulting inflammation on 18F-FDG uptake were characterized using PET imaging. We also quantitatively measured the distributed uptake values of different brain regions to build an evaluated imaging model of localized neuropathological damage caused by eosinophilic inflammation. Our results showed that the uptake of 18F-FDG increased in the cerebellum, brainstem, and limbic system of mice at three weeks post-infection, whereas the uptake in the rat brain was not significant. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting revealed that Iba-1, a microglia-specific marker, significantly increased in the hippocampus and its surrounding area in mice after three weeks of infection, and then became pronounced after four weeks of infection; while YM-1, an eosinophilic chemotactic factor, in the hippocampus and midbrain, increased significantly from two weeks post-infection, sharply escalated after three weeks of infection, and peaked after four weeks of infection. Cytometric bead array (CBA) analysis revealed that the expression of TNF in the serum of mice increased concomitantly with the prolongation of infection duration. Furthermore, IFN-γ and IL-4 in rat serum were significantly higher than in mouse serum at two weeks post-infection, indicating significantly different immune responses in the brains of rats and mice. We suggest that 18F-FDG uptake in the host brain may be attributed to the accumulation of large numbers of immune cells, especially the metabolic burst of activated eosinophils, which are attracted to and induced by activated microglia in the brain.

Conclusions
An in vivo 18F-FDG/PET imaging model can be used to evaluate live neuroinflammatory pathological changes in the brains of A. cantonensis-infected mice and rats.
Assessing quadriceps strength in patellofemoral pain patients: A study on the reliability and validity of a low-cost strain-gauge for clinical practice
Authors: Deysel Germari , van Aswegen Mariaan , Kramer Mark 
Published: May 2024

Background
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common knee complaint affecting diverse populations both acutely and chronically. Quadriceps muscle weakness is one possible aetiology, but current devices for measuring muscle strength (isokinetic dynamometer [ID] and hand-held dynamometers [HHD]) are frequently too expensive (e.g., ID) or lack reliability (e.g., HHD) for practitioners, especially in under-resourced settings. There is a need to evaluate a low-cost device to manage rehabilitation of people with PFP.

Methods
Isometric quadriceps strength of participants aged 18–35 years (total [n = 33], control group [n = 17] and PFP group [n = 16]) were evaluated on an isokinetic dynamometer and a commercially available strain gauge at baseline and after an 8-week non-standardised intervention.

Results
The strain gauge showed high absolute and relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.89–0.99; typical error of measurement = 3.9–10.4%). Clinically meaningful difference scores (12.2–45 Nm) were greater than the typical error of measurement, implying sufficient sensitivity of the strain gauge to measure true changes in isometric quadricep strength. Strong to very strong correlations were evident between the strain gauge and isokinetic dynamometer torque measurements (r = 0.88–0.90, SEE = 0.05–0.07 Nm), but slope values (β = 0.65–0.77) indicated that torque from the strain gauge was lower than that obtained from the isokinetic dynamometer. An average systematic bias of 16.3–28.8 Nm was evident in favour of the isokinetic dynamometer, with no statistically significant between-group differences apparent between baseline and follow-up testing.

Conclusion
The present commercially available strain gauge is reliable and sensitive enough to detect clinically meaningful differences in quadriceps strength of both healthy individuals and those with PFP. However, the strain gauge lacks validity and therefore cannot replace isokinetic dynamometry. Given the low cost and excellent reliability, the strain gauge can be a valuable tool to assess quadriceps muscle deficits and track rehabilitation progress in people with PFP.
Modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among younger and older married youth women in Ethiopia: Evidence from Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019
Authors: Abdu Yesuf Kedir 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Utilization of modern contraceptives increases over time but it was still low and varies across ages among married youth woman. This study revealed the prevalence of modern contraceptives and its associated factors among younger and older married youth women.

Methods
A cross-sectional study design was applied to the sample of EMDHS 2019. Multilevel logistic regressions were carried out using STATA version 16 to identify the individual and community-level factors of modern contraceptive utilization. Adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered to be significant determinants of modern contraceptive utilization.

Result
In the EMDHS 2019, a total of 3290 married women between ages 15 and 34 were included. Among these 1210 (36.7%) and 2080 (63%) women, they were age groups of 15–24 and 25–34 years, respectively. Modern contraceptive utilization among women aged 15–24 and 25–34 years was 54.23% and 52.6%, respectively. Injection is a commonly used modern contraceptive method. In this study, factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization among women aged 15–24 years include women who had primary education [AOR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.02–4.83], who had three or more children in the household [AOR = 14.29; 95% CI: 1.61–126.25], Protestants [AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.14–0.61], five to seven households [AOR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17–0.69], and region [AOR = 6.98; 95%:2.30–21.16]. On other hand, factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization among women aged 25–34 were women who had one or two under-five children in the household [AOR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.03–2.68] and region [AOR = 3.54; 95%CI: 1.79–6.97].

Conclusions
More than 50% of participants used modern contraceptives in both age groups and, the associated factor of modern contraceptive utilization varied among this age group. Health managers and policymakers need to consider age group, region, educational status, religion, and fertility level in planning of family planning program.
Burden of tobacco-related cancers in urban, semi-urban and rural setting of Nepal: Findings from population-based cancer registries 2019
Authors: Kafle Dahal Uma , Dhimal Meghnath , Budukh Atul , Khadka Kopila , Poudel Sudha , Baral Gehanath , Gyanwali Pradip , Jha Anjani Kumar , Chapagain Sandhya 
Published: May 2024

Background
Nepal is one of the high prevalent countries for tobacco use in Southeast Asia regions. Tobacco related cancer share the major burden since a decade, however, population-based estimates is still lacking. This study provides results from population-based cancer registries on tobacco-related cancer (TRCs) burden in Nepal.

Methods
The data were collected by population-based cancer registry conducted in nine districts by Nepal Health Research Council. The districts were categorized in urban, semi-urban and rural regions on the basis of geographical locations and facilities available in the regions. Analysis was done to identify tobacco-associated cancer incidence, mortality and patterns along with cumulative risk of having cancer before the age of 75 years.

Results
Tobacco-related cancer was 35.3% in men and 17.3% in women. We found that every one in 36 men and one in 65 women developed tobacco-related cancer before age 75 in Nepal. Cancer of lung, mouth, esophagus and larynx were among the five most common tobacco-related cancers in both men and women. The incidence of tobacco-associated cancers was higher in urban region with age adjusted rate 33.6 and 17.0 per 100,000 population for men and women respectively compared to semi-urban and rural regions. Tobacco-associated cancer mortality was significantly higher compared to incidence.

Conclusion
The prevalence of tobacco-related cancer found high in Nepal despite of enforcement of tobacco control policy and strategies including WHO framework convention on tobacco control. Concerned authorities should focus towards monitoring of implemented tobacco control policy and strategies.
On the heat kernel of the Rumin complex and Calderón reproducing formula
Authors: Ciatti Paolo , Franchi Bruno , Sire Yannick 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We derive several properties of the heat equation with the Hodge operator associated with the Rumin’s complex on Heisenberg groups and prove several properties of the fundamental solution. As an application, we use the heat kernel for Rumin’s differential forms to construct a Calderón reproducing formula on Rumin’s forms.
Cubic autocatalysis implementation in blood for non-Newtonian tetra hybrid nanofluid model through bounded artery
Authors: Al-Kouz Wael , Owhaib Wahib , Souayeh Basma , Hader Montasir , Homod Raad Z. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Tetra hybrid nanofluids are significant due to their unique properties like thermal and electrical conductivity enhancement, increased heat transfer, and improved fluid flow characteristics. This attempt proposes a tetra hybrid cross nanofluid model with the implementation of cubic autocatalysis in the context of blood flow passing through a stenosis artery. The model includes the effects of nanofluid, magnetic field, thermal radiation, and the cubic autocatalysis mechanism. This research investigates the innovative application of cubic autocatalysis within the context of blood flow through a tetra hybrid cross nanofluid model, specifically designed to simulate conditions within a stenosis horizontal artery. The equations governing the fluid flow are solved using the bvp5c method, and the numerical solutions are obtained for various parameter values. Specifically, the cubic autocatalysis mechanism profoundly impacts the velocity and concentration profiles of the blood flow. The proposed model and the obtained results provide new insights into the physics of blood flow passing through stenosis arteries. They may have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This article has a unique combination of tetra hybrid cross nanofluid model, cubic autocatalysis, and blood flow passing through the stenosis artery. These facts are not typically studied together in the context of blood flow.