bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in adolescents/young adults, adults and older adults: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Okajima Koichi , Zhang Liuzhe , Hirai Toshihide , Ishibashi Yuki , Tsuda Yusuke , Ikegami Masachika , Kawai Akira , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The clinical characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors of adult embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas (ERMS) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (ARMS), particularly the differences among adolescents/young adults (AYA), adults, and older adults, remain unclear. We assessed the clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of adult patients with ERMS and ARMS in Japan and to compare these features among AYA, adult, and older adult patients.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Registry of Japan and enrolled patients aged ≥15 years with ERMS and ARMS. Disease-specific overall survival (DOS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and a Cox regression model was used to identify prognostic factors.

Results
Among 184 patients with ERMS and ARMS (median age, 27 years; interquartile range, 18–49 years), a high rate of distant and regional nodal metastases was initially observed in 65 (35%) and 66 (36%) cases, respectively. Older age and distant metastasis at first presentation were statistically poor prognostic factors, and histological subtype and site of tumor origin were not associated with DOS. In patients with localized ERMS and ARMS, older age and nodal metastasis were poor prognostic factors; the 5-year DOS rates of patients with and without nodal metastasis were 23% and 72%, respectively.

Conclusions
Older patients with rhabdomyosarcoma had a dismal prognosis, and distant metastasis was a poor prognostic factor. The prognostic factors differed between adult and pediatric patients with rhabdomyosarcoma; biological analyses, such as genome analysis of adult rhabdomyosarcoma and clinical trials with pediatric oncologists, are needed to improve the prognosis of adult rhabdomyosarcoma.
Inclination instability of circumbinary planets
Authors: Lubow Stephen H , Childs Anna C , Martin Rebecca G 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
We analyse a tilt instability of the orbit of an outer planet in a two-planet circumbinary system that we recently reported. The binary is on an eccentric orbit and the inner circumbinary planet is on a circular polar orbit that causes the binary to undergo apsidal precession. The outer circumbinary planet is initially on a circular or eccentric orbit that is coplanar with respect to the binary. We apply a Hamiltonian in quadrupole order of the binary potential to show that the tilt instability is the result of a secular resonance in which the apsidal precession rate of the binary matches the nodal precession rate of the outer planet. A resonance is possible because the polar inner planet causes the apsidal precession of the binary to be retrograde. The outer planet periodically undergoes large tilt oscillations for which we analytically determine the initial evolution and maximum inclination. Following a typically relatively short adjustment phase, the tilt grows exponentially in time at a characteristic rate that is of order the absolute value of the binary apsidal precession rate. The analytic results agree well with numerical simulations. This instability is analogous to the Kozai–Lidov instability, but applied to a circumbinary object. The instability fails to operate if the binary mass ratio is too extreme. The instability occurs even if the outer planet is instead an object of stellar mass and involves tilt oscillations of the inner binary.
On the directional nature of celestial object’s fall on the earth (Part 1: distribution of fireball shower, meteor fall, and crater on earth’s surface)
Authors: Ghosh Prithwish , Chatterjee Debashis , Banerjee Amlan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the directional distribution of extraterrestrial objects (meteors, fireballs) impacting Earth’s surface and forming craters. It also introduces a novel directional statistical mixture model to analyze their falls, validated through rigorous testing. First, we address whether these falls follow non-uniform directional patterns by explicitly employing directional statistical tools for analysing such data. Using projection techniques for longitude and latitude and more importantly, a general spherical statistical approach, we statistically investigate the suitability of the von Mises distribution and its spherical version, the von Mises–Fisher distribution, (a maximum entropy distribution for directional data). Moreover, leveraging extensive data sets encompassing meteor falls, fireball showers, and craters, we propose and validate a novel mixture von Mises–Fisher model for comprehensively analysing extraterrestrial object falls. Our study reveals distinct statistical characteristics across data sets: fireball falls exhibit non-uniformity, while meteor craters suggest a potential for both uniform and von Mises distributions with a preference for the latter after further refinement. Meteor landings deviate from a single-directional maximum entropic distribution; we demonstrate the effectiveness of an optimal 13-component mixture von Mises–Fisher distribution for accurate modelling. Similar analyses resulted in 3- and 6-component partitions for fireball and crater data sets. This research presents valuable insights into the spatial patterns and directional statistical distribution models governing extraterrestrial objects’ fall on Earth, useful for various future works.
Atomic hydrogen shows its true colours: correlations between H i and galaxy colour in simulations
Authors: Osinga Calvin K , Diemer Benedikt , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco , D’Onghia Elena , Timbie Peter 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Intensity mapping experiments are beginning to measure the spatial distribution of neutral atomic hydrogen H i to constrain cosmological parameters and the large-scale distribution of matter. However, models of the behaviour of H i as a tracer of matter are complicated by galaxy evolution. In this work, we examine the clustering of H i in relation to galaxy colour, stellar mass, and H i mass in IllustrisTNG at z = 0, 0.5, and 1. We compare the H i-red and H i-blue galaxy cross-power spectra, finding that H i-red has an amplitude 1.5 times greater than H i-blue at large scales. The cross-power spectra intersect at ≈3 Mpc in real space and ≈10 Mpc in redshift space, consistent with z ≈ 0 observations. We show that H i clustering increases with galaxy H i mass and depends weakly on detection limits in the range MH i ≤ 108 M⊙. In terms of M⋆, we find massive blue galaxies cluster more than less massive ones. Massive red galaxies, however, cluster the weakest amongst red galaxies. These opposing trends arise from central-satellite compositions. Despite these M⋆ trends, we find that the cross-power spectra are largely insensitive to detection limits in galaxy surveys. Counter-intuitively, all auto and cross-power spectra for red and blue galaxies and H i decrease with time at all scales. We demonstrate that processes associated with quenching contribute to this trend. The complex interplay between H i and galaxies underscores the importance of understanding baryonic effects when interpreting the large-scale clustering of H i, blue, and red galaxies at z ≤ 1.
Large-scale motions and growth rate from forward-modelling Tully–Fisher peculiar velocities
Authors: Boubel Paula , Colless Matthew , Said Khaled , Staveley-Smith Lister 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Peculiar velocities are an important probe of the mass distribution in the Universe and the growth rate of structure, directly measuring the effects of gravity on the largest scales and providing a test for theories of gravity. Comparing peculiar velocities predicted from the density field mapped by a galaxy redshift survey with peculiar velocities measured using a distance estimator such as the Tully–Fisher relation yields the growth factor for large-scale structure. We present a method for forward modelling a sample of galaxy magnitudes and velocity widths that simultaneously determines the parameters of the Tully–Fisher relation and the peculiar velocity field. We apply this to the Cosmicflows-4 Tully–Fisher data set, using the peculiar velocities predicted from the 2M++ redshift survey. After validating the method on mock surveys, we measure the product of the growth rate and mass fluctuation amplitude to be fσ8 = 0.35 ± 0.03 at an effective redshift of z = 0.017. This is consistent at 3σ with the Planck CMB prediction, even though the uncertainty does not fully account for all sources of sample variance. We find the residual bulk flow from gravitational influences outside the 2M++ survey volume to be |V| = 227 ± 11 km s−1, (l, b)  =  (303°, −1°) in Galactic polar coordinates and the CMB frame. Using simulations, we show that applying our methodology to the large new sample of Tully–Fisher peculiar velocities expected from the WALLABY H I survey of the southern sky can improve the constraints on the growth rate by a factor of 2–3.
MUSE observations of small-scale heating events
Authors: Breu C A , De Moortel I , Testa P 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Constraining the processes that drive coronal heating from observations is a difficult task due to the complexity of the solar atmosphere. As upcoming missions such as the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE) will provide coronal observations with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution, numerical simulations are becoming increasingly realistic. Despite the availability of synthetic observations from numerical models, line-of-sight effects and the complexity of the magnetic topology in a realistic set-up still complicate the prediction of signatures for specific heating processes. 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations have shown that a significant part of the Poynting flux injected into the solar atmosphere is carried by small-scale motions, such as vortices driven by rotational flows inside intergranular lanes. MHD waves excited by these vortices have been suggested to play an important role in the energy transfer between different atmospheric layers. Using synthetic spectroscopic data generated from a coronal loop model incorporating realistic driving by magnetoconvection, we study whether signatures of energy transport by vortices and eventual dissipation can be identified with future missions such as MUSE.
Scaling relations for gamma-ray burst afterglow light curves and centroid motion independent of jet structure and dynamics
Authors: van Eerten Hendrik J , Ryan Geoffrey S 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Models for gamma-ray burst afterglow dynamics and synchrotron spectra are known to exhibit various scale invariances, owing to the scale-free nature of fluid dynamics and the power-law shape of synchrotron spectra. Since GRB 170817A, off-axis jet models including a lateral energy structure in the initial outflow geometry have gained in prominence. Here, we demonstrate how the scale invariance for arbitrary jet structure and dynamical stage can be expressed locally as a function of jet temporal light-curve slope. We provide afterglow flux expressions and demonstrate their use to quickly assess the physical implications of observations. We apply the scaling expressions to the Swift X-ray Telescope sample, which shows a spread in observed fluxes, binned by light-curve slope at time of observation, that increases with increasing light-curve slope. According to the scaling relations, this pattern is inconsistent with a large spread in environment densities if these were the dominant factor determining the variability of light curves. We further show how the late deep Newtonian afterglow stage remains scale-invariant but adds distinct spectral scaling regimes. Finally, we show that for given jet structure a universal curve can be constructed of the centroid offset, image size, and ellipticity (that can be measured using very large baseline interferometry) versus observer angle, in a manner independent of explosion energy and circumburst density. Our results apply to any synchrotron transient characterized by a release of energy in an external medium, including supernova remnants, kilonova afterglows, and soft gamma-repeater flares.
Bridging theory and observations in stellar pulsations: the impact of convection and metallicity on the instability strips of classical and type-II cepheids
Authors: Deka Mami , Bellinger Earl P , Kanbur Shashi M , Deb Sukanta , Bhardwaj Anupam , Randall Hugh Riley , Kalici Selim , Das Susmita 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The effect of metallicity on the theoretical and empirical period–luminosity relations of Cepheid variables is not well understood and remains a highly debated issue. Here, we examine empirical colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of Classical and Type-II Cepheids in the Magellanic Clouds and compare those with the theoretically predicted instability strip (IS) edges. We explore the effects of incorporating turbulent flux, turbulent pressure, and radiative cooling into the convection theory on the predicted IS at various metallicities using Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics – Radial Stellar Pulsations. We find that the edges become redder with the increasing complexity of convection physics incorporated in the fiducial convection sets, and are similarly shifted to the red with increasing metallicity. The inclusion of turbulent flux and pressure improves the agreement of the red edge of the IS, while their exclusion leads to better agreement with observations of the blue edge. About 90 per cent of observed stars are found to fall within the predicted bluest and reddest edges across the considered variations of turbulent convection parameters. Furthermore, we identify and discuss discrepancies between theoretical and observed CMDs in the low-effective temperature and high-luminosity regions for stars with periods greater than ∼20 d. These findings highlight the potential for calibrating the turbulent convection parameters in stellar pulsation models or the prediction of a new class of rare, long-period, ‘red Cepheids’, thereby improving our understanding of Cepheids and their role in cosmological studies.
3D physical structure and angular expansion of the remnant of the recurrent nova T Pyx
Authors: Santamaría E , Toalá J A , Guerrero M A , Ramos-Larios G , Sabin L 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the analysis of archival Very Large Telescope (VLT) Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) and multi-epoch Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) and Wide Field Camera 3/Ultraviolet-Visible Imaging Spectrograph (WFC3/UVIS) narrow-band observations of the remnant associated with the ejecta of the mid-nineteenth century outburst of the recurrent nova T Pyx. These data sets are used to investigate its true three-dimensional (3D) physical structure and the nebular expansion patterns along the line of sight and on the plane of the sky. The VLT MUSE emission line maps and 3D visualizations based on position–position–velocity diagrams reveal T Pyx as a bipolar nebula, with a knotty toroidal structure at its waist best seen in H $\beta$ and two open bowl-shaped bipolar lobes (a diabolo) best revealed by the [O iii] emission lines. The comparison of multi-epoch HST WFPC2 and WFC3/UVIS narrow-band images and VLT MUSE emission-line maps of T Pyx reveals the angular expansion of the remnant through the proper motion of individual knots and nebular features. The angular expansion is confirmed to be homologous in the period from 1994.2 to 2007.4 before the recent 2011 outburst, but there is suggestive evidence that the inner knots have experienced a higher expansion rate since then.
Beyond radial profiles: using log-normal distributions to model the multiphase circumgalactic medium
Authors: Dutta Alankar , Bisht Mukesh Singh , Sharma Prateek , Ghosh Ritali , Roy Manami , Nath Biman B 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Recent observations and simulations reveal that the circumgalactic medium (CGM) surrounding galaxies is multiphase, with the gas temperatures spanning a wide range at most radii, ∼104 K to the virial temperature (∼106 K for Milky Way). Traditional CGM models using simple density profiles are inadequate at reproducing observations that indicate a broad temperature range. Alternatively, a model based on probability distribution functions (PDFs) with parameters motivated by simulations can better match multiwavelength observations. In this work, we use log-normal distributions, commonly seen in the simulations of the multiphase interstellar and circumgalactic media, to model the multiphase CGM. We generalize the isothermal background model by Faerman et al. to include more general CGM profiles. We extend the existing probabilistic models from 1D-PDFs in temperature to 2D-PDFs in density–temperature phase space and constrain its parameters using a Milky Way-like Illustris TNG50-1 halo. We generate various synthetic observables such as column densities of different ions, UV/X-ray spectra, and dispersion and emission measures. X-ray and radio (Fast Radio Burst) observations mainly constrain the hot gas properties. However, interpreting cold/warm phase diagnostics is not straightforward since these phases are patchy, with inherent variability in intercepting these clouds along arbitrary lines of sight. We provide a tabulated comparison of model predictions with observations and plan to expand this into a comprehensive compilation of models and data. Our modelling provides a simple analytical framework that is useful for describing important aspects of the multiphase CGM.
Patient perspectives on ionising radiation exposure from computed tomography in Saudi Arabia: a knowledge and perception study
Authors: Alashban Yazeed , Alghamdi Sami A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate patient knowledge and understanding of ionising radiation and dosage, as well as the accompanying risks related to computed tomography scans. A total of 412 outpatients who underwent computed tomography (CT) scans were surveyed to assess their understanding of radiation dose and exposure risks. CT was correctly classified as an ionising radiation by 56.8% of the respondents. More than half of the patients reported that a CT scan increases the probability of inducing cancer. Awareness of varying radiation doses in different CT exams was noted in 75.2% of patients, but only 21.4% reported having discussions with their physician about radiation dose. Gender, age and employment were significantly correlated with knowledge levels. The survey findings indicate a limited understanding of the hazards associated with ionising radiation used in CT scans, highlighting a need for increased awareness and education on radiation protection to ensure informed consent.
The burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to high dietary sodium intake in Australia between 1990 and 2019
Authors: Moreno Sebastian V. , Grimes Carley , Bolton Kristy A. , Uddin Riaz , Siopis George , Maddison Ralph , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Diets high in sodium are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to quantify the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) attributable to high dietary sodium consumption in the Australian population.

Methods:
Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019, we estimated the age-standardised rates (per 100 000 population) and the total numbers of years lived with a disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and deaths for CVD attributable to high sodium (≥1000 mg/day) consumption in the Australian population, by sex and age groups (≥25 years) between 1990 and 2019. The study compared Australian estimates with similar high-income countries (Group of 20 [G20] members).

Results:
From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized rates of CVD deaths, DALYs, YLDs, and YLLs per 100 000 population in Australia attributable to high sodium decreased. However, between 2013 and 2019, the total number of CVD deaths increased, and the number of CVD YLDs increased exponentially for both sexes for the whole period between 1990 and 2019. Men had a two-fold higher rate for high sodium CVD burden, compared to females between 1990 to 2019. Individuals aged between 80 and 84 years had the highest rates of CVD burden during the same period; however, older age groups reported the greatest decline in CVD burden compared to young and middle-aged adults in Australia. The age-standardised rates for high sodium attributable CVD consistently contributed more towards DALYs than YLDs in 2019 for both sexes. When compared to G20 countries, Australians displayed the lowest age-standardized rates for CVD deaths, DALYs, YLDs, and YLLs alongside Turkey, France, and the United Kingdom in 2019.

Conclusion:
While age-standardized CVD burden attributable to high sodium consumption decreased for both sexes over the past 30 years, the total number of CVD deaths showed an increase between 2013 and 2019. This study underscores the need for sustained efforts to address the rising absolute number of CVD deaths, especially among men and older people, and emphasizes the importance of continued vigilance in monitoring and implementing strategies to reduce the impact of high sodium consumption on cardiovascular health in Australia.
Impact of seasonal blood pressure changes on visit-to-visit blood pressure variability and related cardiovascular outcomes
Authors: Mancia Giuseppe , Schumacher Helmut , Böhm Michael , Grassi Guido , Teo Koon K. , Mahfoud Felix , Parati Gianfranco , Redon Josep , Yusuf Salim 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) variability associates with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. We investigated the role of seasonal BP modifications on the magnitude of BP variability and its impact on cardiovascular risk.

Methods:
In 25 390 patients included in the ONTARGET and TRANSCEND trials, the on-treatment systolic (S) BP values obtained by five visits during the first two years of the trials were grouped according to the month in which they were obtained. SBP differences between winter and summer months were calculated for BP variability quintiles (Qs), as quantified by the coefficient of variation (CV) of on-treatment mean SBP from the five visits. The relationship of BP variability with the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality was assessed by the Cox regression model.

Results:
SBP was approximately 4 mmHg lower in summer than in winter regardless of confounders. Winter/summer SBP differences contributed significantly to each SBP-CV quintile. Increase of SBP-CV from Q1 to Q5 was associated with a progressive increase in the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of the primary endpoint of the trials, i.e. morbid and fatal cardiovascular events. This association was even stronger after removal of the effect of seasonality from the calculation of SBP-CV. A similar trend was observed for secondary endpoints

Conclusions:
Winter/summer SBP differences significantly contribute to visit-to-visit BP variability. However, this contribution does not participate in the adverse prognostic significance of visit-to-visit BP variations, which seems to be more evident after removal of the BP effects of seasonality from visit-to-visit BP variations.