bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building virtual models by postprocessing radiology images: A guide for anatomy faculty
Authors: Tam Matthew D.B.S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRadiology and radiologists are recognized as increasingly valuable resources for the teaching and learning of anatomy. State‐of‐the‐art radiology department workstations with industry‐standard software applications can provide exquisite demonstrations of anatomy, pathology, and more recently, physiology. Similar advances in personal computers and increasingly available software can allow anatomy departments and their students to build their own three‐dimensional virtual models. Appropriate selection of a data‐set, followed by processing and presentation are the key steps in creating virtual models. The construction, presentation, clinical application, and educational potential of postprocessed imaging techniques including multiplanar reformats, minimum intensity projections, segmentation, volume‐rendering, surface‐rendering, fly‐throughs, virtual endoscopy, angiography, and cine‐loops are reviewed using examples created with only a personal computer and freeware software. Although only static images are presented in this article, further material is available online within the electronic version of this article. Through the use of basic and advanced image reconstruction and also paying attention to optimized presentation and integration, anatomy courses can be strengthened with appropriate radiological material. There are several key advantages for the anatomy department, which is equipped with the ability to produce virtual models using radiology images: (1) Opportunities to present anatomy using state‐of‐the‐art technology as an adjunct to current practices, (2) a means to forge an improved relationship with the local radiology department, and (3) the ability to create material locally, which is integrated with the local curriculum avoiding the problem of information overload when using the internet or other commercially available resources. Anat Sci Educ 3:261–266, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Re‐structuring protein crystals porosity for biotemplating by chemical modification of lysine residues
Authors: Cohen‐Hadar Noa , Lagziel‐Simis Shira , Wine Yariv , Frolow Felix , Freeman Amihay 
Published: September 2010

AbstractProtein crystals are routinely prepared for the elucidation of protein structure by X‐ray crystallography. These crystals present an highly accurate periodical array of protein molecules with accompanying highly ordered porosity made of interconnected voids. The permeability of the porous protein crystals to a wide range of solutes has recently triggered attempts to explore their potential application as biotemplates by a controlled “filling” process for the fabrication of novel, nano‐structured composite materials. Gaining control of the porosity of a given protein crystal may lead to the preparation of a series of “biotemplates” enabling different ‘filler’/protein content ratios, resulting in different nanostructured composites. One way to gain such control is to produce a series of polymorphic forms of a given “parent‐protein” crystal. As protein packing throughout crystallization is primarily dominated by the chemical composition of the surface of protein molecules and its impact on protein–protein interactions, modification of residues exposed on the surface will affect protein packing, leading to modified porosity. Here we propose to provide influence on the porosity of protein crystals for biotemplating by pre‐crystallization chemical modification of lysine residues exposed on protein's surface. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated by the serial application of chemical “modifiers” leading to protein derivatives exhibiting altered porosity by affecting protein “packing” throughout protein crystallization. Screening of a series of modifying agents for lysine modification of hen egg white lysozyme revealed that pre‐crystallization modification preserving their positive charge did not affect crystal porosity, while modification resulting in their conversion to negatively charged groups induced dramatic change in protein crystal's packing and porosity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that chemical modification of lysine residues affecting modified protein packing may be simultaneously performed with the crystallization process: aldehydes generating Schiff base formation with protein's lysine residues readily affected modified protein packing, resulting in altered porosity. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the use of site directed chemical modifications for the generation of a series of protein crystal exhibiting different porosities for biotemplating, all derived from one “parent” protein. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1–11. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antimicrobial testing for surface‐immobilized agents with a surface‐separated live–dead staining method
Authors: Green John‐Bruce D. , Bickner Susan , Carter Phillip W. , Fulghum Timothy , Luebke Michelle , Nordhaus Mark A. , Strathmann Steve 
Published: September 2010

AbstractModification of a traditional live–dead staining technique based on fluorescence microscopy has yielded an improved method capable of differentiating surface‐immobilized antimicrobial agents from those agents acting via solution diffusion processes. By utilizing an inoculation chamber comprised of 50 µm polystyrene spheres as spacers between test substrate and coverslip control surfaces, three distinct bacterial cell populations can be probed by fluorescence microscopy for antimicrobial activity: (1) cells adhered to the coverslip, (2) cells adhered to the substrate, and (3) mobile cells in solution. Truly immobilized antimicrobial agents were found efficacious only at the substrate surface, while elutable agents were effective against all three populations. Glass surfaces derivatized with either quaternized poly dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate (pDMAEMA) or 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (Si‐QAC) were compared with bare glass control surfaces after contact and 4 h incubation with Staphylococcus aureus. pDMAEMA surfaces were both antimicrobial and immobilized, whereas the Si‐QAC surfaces were only observed to be antimicrobial via active diffusion. In contrast to conventional thinking, Si‐QAC surfaces showed no kill after removing all Si‐QAC elutables via rinsing procedures. The semi‐quantitative surface‐separated live–dead staining (SSLDS) technique provides mechanistic insight and represents a significant improvement relative to current microbiological test methods for evaluating immobilized, antimicrobial agents. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:231–236. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding tissue specific compositions of bioenergy feedstocks through hyperspectral Raman imaging
Authors: Sun Lan , Simmons Blake A. , Singh Seema 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHyperspectral Raman imaging was used to study the tissue/cell type specific distribution of lignin and cellulose polymers within the plant cell walls. Distinct differences in cell wall compositions were identified between two potential bioenergy feedstocks: corn stover and Eucalyptus globulus. Characteristic bands of 627, 1,175, 1,206, and 1,428 cm−1 were only observed for corn stover and 1,381 cm−1 was only present in E. globulus. One‐dimensional and two‐dimensional chemical maps of lignin and cellulose were generated for the stem of corn stover, ranging from the epidermis to the pith area and revealed that lignin and cellulose abundance varies significantly among different cell types in the following order: sclerenchyma cells and tracheids (∼5 times) > epidermal cells (∼3 times) > bundle sheath cells > parenchyma cells. The Raman mapping methods developed on corn stover were also validated on E. globulus and clearly highlighted their difference in lignin composition. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 286–295. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemo‐enzymatic epoxidation–process options for improving biocatalytic productivity
Authors: Hagström Anna E. V. , Törnvall Ulrika , Nordblad Mathias , Hatti‐Kaul Rajni , Woodley John M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reactor choice is crucial when designing a process where inactivation of the biocatalyst is a problem. The main bottleneck for the chemo‐enzymatic epoxidation has been found to be enzyme inactivation by the hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, substrate. In the work reported here, the effect of reaction parameters on the reaction performance have been investigated and used to establish suitable operating strategies to minimize the inactivation of the enzyme, using rapeseed methyl ester (RME) as a substrate in a solvent‐free system. The use of a controlled fed‐batch reactor for maintaining H2O2 concentration at 1.5 M resulted in increased productivity, up to 76 grams of product per gram of biocatalyst with higher retention of enzyme activity. Further investigation included a multistage design that separated the enzymatic reaction and the saturation of the RME substrate with H2O2 into different vessels. This setup showed that the reaction rate as well as enzyme inactivation is strongly dependent on the H2O2 concentration. A 20‐fold improvement in enzymatic efficiency is required for reaching an economically feasible process. This will require a combination of enzyme modification and careful process design. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Spatial and temporal resolution of shear in an orbiting petri dish
Authors: Thomas Jonathan Michael D. , Chakraborty Amlan , Sharp M. Keith , Berson R. Eric 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt is well documented that physiological and morphological properties of anchored cells are influenced by fluid shear stress. Common orbital shakers provide a means of simultaneously applying shear stress to cells for tens to hundreds of cases by loading the shaker with multiple dishes. However, the complex flow in orbiting dishes is amenable to analytical solution for resolving shear created by the fluid motion only for simplified conditions. The only existing quantification of shear in this flow is an equation that estimates a constant scalar value of shear for the entire surface of the dish. In practice, wall shear stress (WSS) will be oscillatory rather than steady due to the travelling waveform and will vary across the surface of the dish at any instant in time. This article presents a computational model that provides complete spatial and temporal resolution of WSS over the bottom surface of a dish throughout the orbital cycle. The model is reasonably well validated by the analytical solution, with resultant WSS magnitudes that are within 0.99 ± 0.42 dyne/cm2. The model results were compared to tangential WSS magnitudes obtained using one‐dimensional optical velocimetry at discreet locations on the bottom of an orbiting dish. The experimental minimum and maximum WSS at 1 mm from the center of the dish were 6 and 7 dyne/cm2, respectively, whereas WSS generated from the computational model ranged from 0.5 to 8.5 dyne/cm2. The experimental minimum and maximum WSS at 12 mm from the center of the dish were 6 and 16 dyne/cm2, respectively, whereas WSS generated from the computational model ranged from 0.5 to 14 dyne/cm2. Discrepancies between the experimental and computational data may be attributed to a sparse sampling rate for the experimental probe, a sharp gradient at the sample area which could cause the unidirectional probe to be inaccurate if its location were not precise, and too few particles to track and a scattering of the signal by the free surface when the liquid is shallow. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Subintimal angioplasty with a true reentry device for treatment of chronic total occlusion of the arteries of the lower extremity
Authors: Aslam Mohammad Shakil , Allaqaband Suhail , Haddadian Babak , Mori Naoyo , Bajwa Tanvir , Mewissen Mark 
Published: September 2010

ObjectiveTo report the efficacy and safety of the Outback® LTD® Re‐Entry Catheter in reentering the distal true lumen during percutaneous intentional extraluminal revascularization (PIER).BackgroundReentry catheters are used to treat chronic, total arterial occlusions of the lower extremities when standard methods of recanalization have failed. Success and complication rates of these catheters in the real world are uncertain and variable.MethodsA retrospective review of our peripheral catheterization database from January 2004 to September 2009 was undertaken to identify consecutive cases of peripheral chronic total occlusions (CTOs) requiring the use of the Outback reentry catheter. Patient demographics, indication for the procedure, location and extent of occlusion, procedural success, and complications were studied.ResultsA total of 51 patients were identified. Of the 51, 28 (54.9%) patients presented with nonhealing ulcer and 22 (43.1%) had lifestyle‐limiting claudication. One patient presented with acute limb ischemia. There were 6 (11.8%) patients with common iliac artery occlusion, 2 (3.9%) with external iliac artery occlusion, 1 (1.9%) with common femoral artery occlusion, 35 (68.6%) with superficial femoral artery occlusion, 6 (11.8%) with popliteal artery occlusion, and 1 (1.9%) with tibioperoneal artery occlusion. Median lesion length was 230 mm. Procedural success was achieved in 49 patients (96.1%). There was 1 (1.9%) periprocedural complication.ConclusionUse of Outback® LTD® Re‐Entry Catheter is a safe and valuable option for PIER/subintimal angioplasty and recanalization in patients with symptomatic lower‐extremity CTOs. However, long‐term patency remains unknown. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Valvuloplasty for tricuspid stenosis caused by a ventriculoatrial shunt
Authors: Akram Qasim , Saravanan Duraisamy , Levy Richard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA 45‐year‐old lady developed significant symptomatic tricuspid valve stenosis due to a ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt, implanted in childhood for idiopathic hydrocephalus. This appeared to be a rare complication of a VA shunt. After detailed discussions in multidisciplinary meeting, she underwent successful treatment with a single balloon valvuloplasty. To date, she has not suffered any complications.© 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality of life and health status after percutaneous coronary intervention in stable angina patients
Authors: de Quadros Alexandre S. , Lima Tatiane C. , Rodrigues Ana Paula da Rosa , Modkovski Thais B. , Welter Dulce I. , Sarmento‐Leite Rogério , Gottschall Carlos A.M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground: Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) are associated with quality of life (QoL) and health status improvements in stable angina patients. There are few studies assessing the magnitude of this effect and its predictors in contemporary daily practice. Methods: Prospective cohort study with stable angina patients submitted to PCI in a tertiary interventional cardiology center. The clinical characteristics and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) were assessed before PCI, and patients were followed‐up for 1 year. Mixed linear regression and ANOVA were used to compare SAQ indices, and multivariate analysis to identify predictors of QoL improvement. Results: Between September 2006 and May 2007, 110 patients were included. The mean age of the study population was 62.8 ± 8.7 years, and 62% of the patients were of the male gender. Diabetes mellitus was present in 29%, arterial hypertension in 82%, previous myocardial infarction in 32%, and previous PCI in 29%. Before PCI, only 5% of the patients were free of angina, and this rate improved to 68% in the one‐year followup (P < 0.001). There was improvement in all SAQ scales in the one‐year followup, which was already shown in the 6‐month assessment (P < 0.0001). Quality of life before the procedure was the main predictor of QoL improvement by multivariate analysis (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with stable angina submitted to PCI in the real‐world practice present significant improvement in one‐year health status, as assessed by the SAQ. Quality of life before the procedure is the main determinant of improvement in QoL. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Echo‐guided presentation of the aortic valve minimises contrast exposure in transcatheter valve recipients
Authors: Baranowski Jacek , Ahn Henrik , Freter Wolfgang , Nielsen Niels‐Erik , Nylander Eva , Janerot‐Sjoberg Birgitta , Sandborg Michael , Wallby Lars 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: We have developed a method using transthoracic echocardiography in establishing optimal visualization of the aortic root, to reduce the amount of contrast medium used in each patient. Background: During transcatheter aortic valve implantation, it is necessary to obtain an optimal fluoroscopic projection for deployment of the valve showing the aortic ostium with the three cusps aligned in the beam direction. This may require repeat aortic root angiograms at this stage of the procedure with a high amount of contrast medium with a risk of detrimental influence on renal function. Methods: We studied the conventional way and an echo guided way to optimize visualisation of the aortic root. Echocardiography was used initially allowing easier alignment of the image intensifier with the transducer's direction. Results: Contrast volumes, radiation/fluoroscopy exposure times, and postoperative creatinine levels were significantly less in patients having the echo‐guided orientation of the optimal fluoroscopic angles compared with patients treated with the conventional approach. Conclusion: We present a user‐friendly echo‐guided method to facilitate fluoroscopy adjustment during transcatheter aortic valve implantation. In our series, the amounts of contrast medium and radiation have been significantly reduced, with a concomitant reduction in detrimental effects on renal function in the early postoperative phase. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous transluminal renal stenting for transplant renal artery stenosis
Authors: Sharma Satyavan , Potdar Anil , Kulkarni Amit 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: Renal transplantation is a well‐accepted therapeutic option for patients with end stage renal disease. Renal artery stenosis occurring in a transplanted kidney is a potentially serious condition and adversely affects graft survival and prognosis. The objective of this study is to document the immediate and intermediate term clinical results of renal stenting in this rare subset of renal artery stenosis. Background: There is limited data about the effectiveness of renal stenting in transplant renal artery stenosis. Methods: Eight patients, aged between 22 and 51 (42.5 ± 9.25) years, were referred to our tertiary care interventional cardiology services for renal intervention. The diagnosis of transplant renal artery stenosis was based on clinical presentation (uncontrolled hypertension (n = 4, 50%), worsening renal function (n = 3, 37.5%) or flash pulmonary oedema (n = 1, 12.5%)] and Doppler ultrasound. Results: All patients had live donor renal transplant using end to end anastomosis 2 to 11 (6.25 ± 3.24) months prior to intervention. Angiography revealed discrete stenosis at the anastomotic site. Intrarenal stenting performed from femoral access using 6 F accessories produced excellent angiographic results. There were no access site or procedure related complications. The intervention produced excellent immediate and intermediate term clinical results. In three patients, there was stabilization of renal function during 62 ± 9.16 months of follow‐up with decrease in serum creatinine by 38.86 ± 6.62 %; P = 0.0476. In four patients with refractory hypertension, excellent blood pressure control was achieved with a reduction in mean blood pressure by 25.95 ± 5.48 mm Hg (from 122.4 ± 5.7 to 96.45 ± 2.45 mm Hg; P = 0.0002) during 65.25 ± 23.79 months follow‐up. There was decrease in antihypertensive drug requirement from 3.75 ± 0.5 to 1.75 ± 0.5. During follow‐up, Doppler ultrasound documented a high peak systolic velocity in one asymptomatic patient with well controlled blood pressure and preserved renal function. Sustained benefits of percutaneous revascularization were supported by normal Doppler parameters in the remaining patients. Conclusions: Percutaneous renal stenting provides excellent angiographic and clinical results sustained at intermediate term follow‐up in patients with symptomatic transplant renal artery stenosis. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of the aortic annulus by multislice computed tomography, contrast aortography, and trans‐thoracic echocardiography in patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Tzikas Apostolos , Schultz Carl J. , Piazza Nicolo , Moelker Adrian , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Nuis Rutger‐Jan , van Geuns Robert‐Jan , Geleijnse Marcel L. , Serruys Patrick W. , de Jaegere Peter P.T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective: We sought to determine the level of agreement and the reproducibility of trans‐thoracic echocardiography (TTE), contrast aortography (CA) and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) for the assessment of the aortic annulus, in patients referred for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Background: Correct measurement of the aortic annulus is important for TAVI. Methods: The dimensions of the aortic annulus were measured using TTE, CA and MSCT in 70 patients with severe aortic stenosis, referred for TAVI. Agreement between imaging techniques and interobserver variability was assessed using the Bland ‐ Altman method and a linear regression model. Results: The MSCT Coronal view provided the largest mean annulus diameter (26.3 mm) followed by CA (24.4 mm), MSCT Mean (23.7 mm), TTE (22.6 mm), and MSCT Sagittal (21.8 mm) view. Differences in the annulus measurements were significant: MSCT Coronal view versus CA (mean, 95% confidence interval, Pearson's correlation) 2.0 mm, −1.9 to 6.0 mm, r = 0.72, CA versus MSCT Mean 0.2 mm, −3.3 to 3.7 mm, r = 0.76, MSCT Mean versus TTE 1.3 mm, −2.9 to 5.5 mm, r = 0.61, TTE versus MSCT Sagittal view 0.9 mm, −3.6 to 5.4 mm, r = 0.59, CA versus TTE 1.5 mm, −3.0 to 5.9 mm, r = 0.57. Interobserver variability was: TTE (mean, 95% confidence interval, Pearson's correlation) 0.29 mm, −4.2 to 4.8 mm, r = 0.57, CA 0.14 mm, −3.5 to 3.8 mm, r = 0.77, MSCT Mean 0.20 mm, −1.4 to 1.8 mm, r = 0.95. Conclusions: We found significant differences in the dimensions of the aortic annulus measured by MSCT, CA, and TTE. Interobserver variability for TTE and CA was substantially higher compared with MSCT. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.