bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triaffine Decoder for span-based Chinese Named Entity Recognition
Authors: Liu Dongsheng , Li Qirui , Peng Zhiping , He Jieguang , Liang Zhushen , Qiu Jinbo , Cui Delong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In recent years, some advanced NER (Named Entity Recognition) models have achieved satisfactory results, but modern neural networks are often plagued by the over-confidence problem. Driven by the lack of entity information in the span-based NER model, we perform lexical enhancement operations for Chinese in the decoding layer of the span-based NER model. Roughly speaking, our model builds on the advanced span-based NER model by utilizing the Triaffine structure to construct a tree-shaped scoring mechanism for the decoding process of entities, and at the same time adding a softlexicon embedding in the input layer of the model. The improved model can introduce more entity information, obtain more advanced performance than before, and alleviate the over-confidence problem. Our model experiments on four well-known Chinese NER datasets and the F1 values on three of them achieve competitive results compared to the baseline model.
Nonlocal numerical simulation of thermoelectric coupling field by using peridynamic differential operator
Authors: Zhu Hongji , Yu Jia , Zhu Qingshan , Li Yang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study developed a novel nonlocal numerical model based on the peridynamic differential operator to analyze the thermoelectric coupling field. The thermoelectric coupling equations and boundary conditions are transformed from the classical partial differential form to the nonlocal integral form. By introducing the peridynamic function, a one-dimensional nonlocal model is established. This model can accurately capture the spatial distributions of the temperature field and material parameters when considering temperature-dependent thermoelectric material parameters. The numerical solutions from this nonlocal peridynamic model were found to agree well with those from the homotopy analysis method. Using this model, the influence of temperature boundary conditions and structure length on output performance is studied. The intrinsic relationship between the material parameters and the output properties within the structure is revealed. This presented nonlocal model provides an accurate mathematical tool to solve the thermoelectric coupling field for thermoelectric structures performance analysis.
Brief Report: A Survey of California State Court Judges on Cases involving Defendants with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Caliman Carolina R. , Berryessa Colleen M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This brief report examines the impact of a defendant’s Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis, as well as the influence of expert testimony and genetic evidence, on the perceptions, knowledge, and sentencing views of a sample of state court judges in the U.S.
Methods
Data were collected from sixty-one California Superior Court judges who responded to a survey featuring a structured case study about a defendant diagnosed with ASD. The survey assessed judges’ views on the influence of the defendant’s ASD diagnosis and its genetic etiological influences on sentencing, responsibility, and perceptions of the defendant’s behavior.
Results
Findings indicate that most judges believe that an ASD diagnosis and its genetic influences would influence their sentencing decisions, with almost all considering it a mitigating factor to sentencing, but that it did not substantially affect a defendant’s legal responsibility. Survey responses revealed significant gaps in judges’ knowledge about ASD, underscoring the need for enhanced judicial training.
Conclusion
Findings highlight the influence of ASD and behavioral genetic evidence on judicial views and potential decision-making in cases involving defendants with ASD, indicating a clear need for improved access to education and resources on the disorder. Addressing these educational gaps can help the criminal justice system better accommodate the complexities associated with scientific and ASD evidence, which may promote more equitable treatment for defendants with ASD.
Mapping global grassland dynamics 2000—2022 at 30m spatial resolution using spatiotemporal Machine Learning
Authors: Parente Leandro , Sloat Lindsey , Mesquita Vinicius , Consoli Davide , Stanimirova Radost , Hengl Tomislav , Bonannella Carmelo , Teles Nathália , Wheeler Ichsani , Ehrmann Steffen , Hunter Maria , Ferreira Laerte , Mattos Ana Paula , Oliveira Bernard , Meyer Carsten , Şahin Murat , Witjes Martijn , Fritz Steffen , Malek Žiga , Stolle Fred 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The paper describes the production and evaluation of global grassland dynamics mapped annually for 2000-2022 at 30~m spatial resolution. The dataset showing the spatiotemporal distribution of cultivated and natural/semi-natural grassland classes was produced by using GLAD Landsat ARD-2 image archive, accompanied by climatic, landform and proximity covariates, spatiotemporal machine learning (per-class Random Forest) and over 2.3M reference samples (visually interpreted in Very High Resolution imagery). Custom probability thresholds (based on five-fold spatial cross-validation) were used to derive dominant class maps with balanced precision and recall values, 0.64 and 0.75 for cultivated and natural/semi-natural grassland, respectively. The produced maps (about 4~TB in size) are available under an open data license as Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFFs and as Google Earth Engine assets. The suggested uses of data include (1) integration with other compatible land cover products and (2) tracking the intensity and drivers of conversion of land to cultivated grasslands and from natural / semi-natural grasslands into other land use systems.
Analyzing non-revenue water dynamics in Rwanda: leveraging machine learning predictive modeling for comprehensive insights and mitigation strategies
Authors: Mwitirehe Janvier , Kipruto Cheruiyot W. , Ruranga Charles 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

This study investigated non-revenue water (NRW) dynamics in Rwanda from 1 July 2014, to 30 June 2023, utilizing panel data and cross-sectional datasets. It aimed to assess progress towards achieving the government's target of 25% NRW. Through panel data analysis and machine learning models, it examined water supply variations, NRW levels, and associated risks across fiscal years and regions. The observed average NRW of 41.24% underscores the need for targeted interventions to meet the set target. Regional disparities, exemplified by Kigali City's water network's 38.61% average NRW compared to Nyagatare's 55.31%, emphasize the importance of tailored strategies. Machine learning models indicated low and inconsistent progress across networks. Notably, no single water supply managed to meet the target in more than 20% of the 36 quarters studied. Comparison with existing literature highlighted excessive NRW in Rwanda, aligning with global trends. Achieving the 25% NRW target requires region-specific approaches, necessitating infrastructure improvements, leak detection, and capacity building. The positive correlation between water loss risk and household access to improved water sources accentuated the complexity in NRW reduction efforts. This study contributes to understanding NRW dynamics and informs sustainable water management strategies tailored to Rwanda's context.
An Immunoinformatic Approach to Designing a Multi-epitope Vaccine against Helicobacter pylori with the VacA Toxin and BabA Adhesion
Authors: Dayhimi Viana , Ziadlou Fatemeh , Nafian Simin , Nafian Fatemeh 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
Helicobacter pylori, as a carcinogen, has been related to the development of
gastric cancer, particularly in developing countries. The main challenge with therapy is the recurrence
of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and vaccination is still a problem. Therefore, the objective of
the current study was to rationally design a multi-epitope vaccine using two immunogenic proteins
found in H. pylori.

Methods:
Promising epitopes for the Leb-binding adhesin A (BabA) and vacuolating cytotoxin
(VacA) proteins were characterized through an immunoinformatics approach. Epitope-rich fragments
were selected based on high-binding affinities with HLA classes I and II to be specifically
presented to B and T lymphocytes and to selectively elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses.

Results:
Six constructs were planned by fusing these fragments in different arrangements with the
help of GPGPG linkers. The most stable three-dimensional structure was found in Construct 6 during
molecular dynamics. To improve immunogenicity and stability, an adjuvant called human β-
defensin 2 (hBD-2) was joined to the N-terminus of Construct 6. Following molecular docking,
the final vaccine reacted appropriately with each toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), TLR3, and TLR-4.
The final DNA sequence was optimized for expression in E. coli K12 and in silico cloned into a
pET-28a(+) plasmid. As a result of the vaccination in silico, substantial responses were developed
against H. pylori.

Conclusion:
According to the immune response simulation, activated B and T lymphocytes and
memory cell production increased. Macrophages and dendritic cells proliferated continuously, and
IFN-γ and Cytokines, such as IL-2 were raised.
Biological Activities, Biosorption of Heavy Metals, and Stability of Lipopeptide Biosurfactant Produced by the Alcaligenes aquatilis
Bacterium YGD-2906
Authors: Djafri-Dib Salima , Yalaoui-Guellal Drifa , Amessis-Ouchemoukh Nadia , Madani Khodir , Ouchemoukh Salim 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Biosurfactants are natural products produced by microorganisms. This
study examined the antioxidant activity, biosorption of heavy metals, and stability of lipopeptide
biosurfactant (BLA 2906) produced by the Alcaligenes aquatilis bacterium YGD-2906.

Methods:
Biosurfactant production was determined by using four techniques: hemolytic test,
emulsion indices, oil spreading test, and drop collapse test. The biosorption capacity of our biosurfactant
to chelate the different heavy metals. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the
reducing power, phosphomolybdate tests, and DPPH•, ABTS•+ radical scavenging assays and in
the end, the stability of this biosurfactant was studied.

objective:
Study of the heavy metal biosorption, antioxidant activity, and stability study of lipopeptide biosurfactant BLA 2906 produced by Alcaligenes aquatilis YGD-2906.

Results:
A negative hemolytic test, emulsion indices of 63.11 % with crude oil, 23.66 mm of oil
spreading test, and a positive drop collapse test. The lipopeptide biosurfactant BLA 2906 demonstrated
its ability to chelate different heavy metals at pH = 7.2, which gave biosorption capacities
of Cu (II), Fe (II), Pb (II), Cd (II), and Zn (II) of 43.34, 43.60, 50.00, 20.08 and 22.48 mg /g of
BLA 2906, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity of BLA 2906 presented a value of 0.84
mg Eq Trolox / g DM for the reducing power. On the other hand, the result for the phosphomolybdate
test showed a value of 1029.00 ± 3.66 μg / mL to cause a 50 % reduction of the reducing
activity of the phosphomolybdenum for the BLA 2906. The result of ABTS+• scavenging activity
was 10.46 %. DPPH radical-scavenging effects and BHA at varying concentrations showed that
concentrations required to cause 50 % inhibition were 705.48 ± 3.89 μg / ml and 7.61 ± 0.11 μg /
ml for this biosurfactant and BHA, respectively. The BLA 2906 showed high stability at different
temperatures, pH, and salinity in terms of emulsification activity.

Conclusion:
The results obtained by the lipopeptide biosurfactant BLA 2906 are attractive to invest
in future applications in different fields such as industry, environment and biotechnology.
Pengembangan Tas Siaga Bencana Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Yogyakarta Sebagai Upaya Membangun Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Bagi Masyarakat
Authors: Fatmawati Laila , Erviana Vera Yuli , Pambudi Dholina Inang 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya potensi ancaman bencana dan kerentanan tinggi di wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Dalam rangka meningkatkan kapasitas dan kesiapsiagaan bencana, masih perlu dikembangkan tas siaga bencana berbasis kearifan lokal Yogyakarta sebagai upaya membangun kesiapsiagaan bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk; 1) untuk mengembangkan tas siaga bencana (Tasina) berbasis kearifan local Yogyakarta, 2) untuk menganalisis kualitas pengembangan tas siaga bencana (Tasina) berbasis kearifan lokal Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan (RD) menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Tahun pertama hanya meliputi 3 tahap yaitu analysis, design, dan development. Prototype tas siaga bencana (TASINA) telah dikembangkan dengan kualitas sangat baik. Perlu ada perbaikan di beberapa bagian TASINA dan penambahan kelengkapan isi TASINA yang membantu dalam bertahan hidup selama belum adanya bantuan datang.
Technology-Based Music Interventions to Reduce Anxiety and Pain Among Patients Undergoing Surgery or Procedures: Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Park Sunghee , Lee Sohye , Howard Sheri , Yi Jeeseon 
Published: June 2024

Background
Hospitalized patients undergoing surgery or procedures may experience negative symptoms. Music is a nonpharmacological complementary approach and is used as an intervention to reduce anxiety, stress, and pain in these patients. Recently, music has been used conveniently in clinical situations with technology devices, and the mode of providing music is an important factor in technology-based music interventions. However, many reviews have focused only on the effectiveness of music interventions.

Objective
We aimed to review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of technology-based music interventions for reducing anxiety and pain among patients undergoing surgery or procedures. We examined the clinical situation, devices used, delivery methods, and effectiveness of technology-based music interventions in primary articles.

Methods
The search was performed in the following 5 electronic databases: PubMed, MEDLINE (OvidSP), CINAHL complete, PSYCINFO, and Embase. This systematic review focused on technology-based music interventions. The following articles were included: (1) RCTs, (2) studies using interactive technology (eg, smartphones, mHealth, tablets, applications, and virtual reality), (3) empirical studies reporting pain and anxiety outcomes, and (4) English articles published from 2018 to 2023 (as of January 18, 2023). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2.

Results
Among 292 studies identified, 21 met the inclusion criteria and were included. Of these studies, 9 reported that anxiety scores decreased after music interventions and 7 reported that pain could be decreased before, during, and after procedures. The methodology of the music intervention was important to the results on anxiety and pain in the clinical trials. More than 50% (13/21, 62%) of the studies included in this review allowed participants to select themes themselves. However, it was difficult to distinguish differences in effects depending on the device or software used for the music interventions.

Conclusions
Technology-based music interventions could help reduce anxiety and pain among patients undergoing surgery or procedures. The findings of this review could help medical teams to choose a practical methodology for music interventions. Future studies should examine the effects of advanced technology-based music interventions using smart devices and software that promote interactions between medical staff and patients.
Assessment of Acceptability, Usage, and Impact on Caregivers of Children With Autism’s Stress and Mindfulness: Multiple-Method Feasibility Study of the 5Minutes4Myself App’s Mindfulness Module
Authors: Larson Elizabeth , Mattie Rebecca L , Riffkin Sophia A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Caregiver wellness programs need to be easily accessible to address caregivers’ constraints to participation.

Objective
We aimed to assess the feasibility of 5Minutes4Myself app’s mindfulness module (usability, usage, and impact on caregivers’ levels of mindfulness and perceived stress).

Methods
Before and after participation in the 5Minutes4Myself program, 15 participants were asked to complete the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Data on the usage of app-delivered meditations were collected electronically via the app, and app usability was rated on the Modified System Usability Scale. Analyses assessed participants’ frequency of use of app-delivered meditations, app usability, and changes in participants’ stress and mindfulness post intervention.

Results
Overall, participants completed 10.9 minutes of mindfulness meditations per week and rated the app 76.7, indicating above-average usability. Related samples t tests (2-tailed) found that group PSS (t10=1.20, P=.26) and FFMQ (t10=−1.57, P=.15) pre- or postintervention mean scores were not significantly different. However, a visualization of pre- and post-PSS and mindfulness scores suggested there was a group of responders who had decreased stress with increased mindfulness. This was confirmed via an individual change analysis. The effect size of the FFMQ scores (d=0.47) suggests there may be treatment effects with a larger sample. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis examined the degree mindfulness impacted perceived stress; 20% of the variance in participants’ perceived stress could be attributed to increases in self-rated mindfulness (P=.04) when controlling for preintervention stress levels.

Conclusions
Caregivers found the app highly usable and on average used low-dose levels of mindfulness meditations (10 min/wk). For responders, increased mindfulness was related to stress reduction to population-based levels.
Development of Voltammetry Analysis Method of Iron Metal Ions by Solid-State Membrane with Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Suyanta Suyanta , Sunarto Sunarto , Padmaningrum Regina Tutik , Karlinda Karlinda , Isa Illyas Md , Zainul Rahadian , Fardiyah Qonitah , Kurniawan Fredy 
Published: June 2024

This work developed a selectively modified electrode for measuring the Fe(II) ions in continuous integration using voltammetry techniques. The study assessed various aspects, such as linearity, scan rate, repeatability, and real sample analysis. The experiment is performed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The findings of the study indicated that the voltammetry method exhibited a regression line of y = 36.507 ln(x) + 990.73, with a correlation value of 0.9627, with an optimum scan rate of 20 mV/s and good repeatability over five times measurement. On the other hand, when comparing the results using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique, the regression equation was found to be y = 0.20438x − 0.06987, with a correlation value of 0.99583. Notably, the voltammetry measurement outperformed the UV-Vis method since it allowed analysis of Fe(II) at concentrations up to 6.35 × 10−4 ppm (or 1.00 × 10−11 M), while the UV-vis measurement could only analyze up to 1.5 ppm (or 2.36 × 10−5 M). Consequently, the developed technique proves to be superior to the other methods for the analysis of Fe(II).
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Plant-Derived Zinc Oxide Nanostructure Using <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> and <i>Phyllanthus niruri</i> Extracts
Authors: Fakhirah Dhiya , Magfira Tya Aisha , Hutama Aulia Sukma , Septama Abdi Wira , Maryani Faiza , Krismastuti Fransiska Sri Herwahyu 
Published: June 2024

In recent years, green synthesized nanomaterials have garnered wide interest due to its inherent features like rapidity, cost-effectiveness, and environmentally friendly technique. The green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanostructures (n-ZnO) using two kinds of plant extract, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri), were discussed and their antibacterial activities were compared. Characterization by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDS) were used to confirm the successful formation of n-ZnO using both plant extracts. The antibacterial activity of the n-ZnO synthesized from two different plant extracts was tested against Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The results show that both n-ZnO has antibacterial activity against MRSA. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for n-ZnO synthesized from meniran extract were 78 and 156 mg/mL, respectively, while MIC and MBC values for n-ZnO synthesized from lavender extract were 156 and 312 mg/mL, respectively. These results confirm that the n-ZnO prepared from meniran extract is more effective in inhibiting MRSA than the n-ZnO prepared from lavender extract. This study proves that plant-based n-ZnO has anti-microbial activities and may serve as antimicrobial therapeutics.
Jonas Nordin, Gustavs Strenga, and Peter Sjökvist (eds.). The Baltic Battle of Books. Formation and Relocation of European Libraries in the Confessional Age (c. 1500 – c. 1650) and Their Afterlife. (Library of the Written Word – The Handpress World, Volume 116). Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2023. 350 pp.
Authors:   University of Tartu, Kolk Kaspar 
Published: June 2024

Rakstu krājums aptver 13 pētījumus, redaktoru sagatavotu ievadu un noslēdzošo eseju, kuras autors ir Jānis Krēsliņš. Izdevuma uzmanības centrā ir Ziemeļvalstu grāmatu kultūra agrajos jaunajos laikos, īpašu uzmanību pievēršot grāmatu kolekcijām, kas tika iegūtas kā kara laupījums. Rīgas Jezuītu kolēģijai 1621. gadā konfiscētās grāmatas, kas tika aizvestas uz Upsalas Universitātes bibliotēku, bija pirmā zviedru nolaupītā bibliotēka. Lielāko 17. gadsimta daļu pakļautajās teritorijās Zviedrijas karaļa uzdevumā tika konfiscētas daudzas katoļu institūciju bibliotēkas. Tas tika darīts, gan lai atņemtu šīm institūcijām to intelektuālos “ieročus” cīņā ar protestantismu, gan lai apgādātu ar grāmatām jaundibinātās Zviedrijas universitāšu un skolu bibliotēkas. Tomēr daudzas šādi iegūtās katoļu grāmatas drīz izrādījās nepiemērotas luterāņu skolām. Šāda pārvietošana dažos gadījumos ir veicinājusi gan kādreizējo grāmatu kolekciju saglabāšanu, gan – citkārt – to iznīcināšanu. Krājumā apkopotie raksti aplūko vairākus bibliotēku izveidošanas, nolaupīšanas un atkārtotas izmantošanas gadījumus Baltijas reģionā. Grāmatas uzmanības lokā ir arī šo bibliotēku apzināšana un (virtuāla) rekonstrukcija mūsdienās. Krājuma elektronisko versiju iespējams bez maksas lejuplādēt izdevēja tīmekļa vietnē.
Orthodontic treatment of a middle-aged patient with periodontally compromised dentition accompanied by pathologic tooth migration
Authors: Kim Harim , Jo Heon , Cha Jung-Yul , Lee Kee-Joon , Yu Hyung-Seog , Choi Sung-Hwan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Orthodontic treatment in patients with periodontally compromised dentition often presents challenges, necessitating special considerations. This case report describes treatment of a 52-year-old female patient with advanced chronic periodontitis and pathologic tooth migration through an interdisciplinary orthodontic–periodontal approach. By integrating comprehensive periodontal treatment with strategic use of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) and careful consideration of the applied force systems, both functional and esthetic concerns were addressed without causing adverse periodontal side effects. This highlights the importance of thoughtful treatment planning and integration of periodontal care during orthodontic tooth movement in treating individuals with reduced periodontal health for successful and esthetically pleasing results.