bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Venous and arterial thromboembolic events in adalimumab‐treated patients with antiadalimumab antibodies: A case series and cohort study
Authors: Korswagen L. A. , Bartelds G. M. , Krieckaert C. L. M. , Turkstra F. , Nurmohamed M. T. , van Schaardenburg D. , Wijbrandts C. A. , Tak P. P. , Lems W. F. , Dijkmans B. A. C. , van Vugt R. M. , Wolbink G. J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveWe observed 3 patients who developed severe venous and arterial thromboembolic events during treatment with adalimumab, 2 of whom had rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 1 of whom had psoriatic arthritis. Antiadalimumab antibodies were detected in all 3 patients. We undertook this study to determine whether the development of antiadalimumab antibodies was associated with thromboembolic events during adalimumab treatment.MethodsA retrospective search (with blinding with regard to antiadalimumab antibody status) for thromboembolic events was performed in a prospective cohort of 272 consecutively included adalimumab‐treated RA patients. Incidence rates were calculated and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression. None of the index patients were part of the cohort.ResultsAntiadalimumab antibodies were detected in 76 of 272 patients (28%). Eight thromboembolic events were found, 4 of which had occurred in patients with antiadalimumab antibodies. The incidence rate was 26.9/1,000 person‐years for patients with antiadalimumab antibodies and 8.4/1,000 person‐years for patients without those antibodies (HR 3.8 [95% confidence interval 0.9–15.3], P = 0.064). After adjustment for duration of followup, age, body mass index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and prior thromboembolic events, the HR was 7.6 (95% confidence interval 1.3–45.1) (P = 0.025).ConclusionThese findings suggest that the occurrence of venous and arterial thromboembolic events during adalimumab treatment is higher in patients with antiadalimumab antibodies than in those without antiadalimumab antibodies. Patient numbers were relatively small; therefore, validation in other cohorts is mandatory.
Fracture risk before and after total hip replacement in patients with osteoarthritis: Potential benefits of bisphosphonate use
Authors: Prieto‐Alhambra Daniel , Javaid M. Kassim , Judge Andrew , Maskell Joe , Kiran Amit , de Vries Frank , Cooper Cyrus , Arden Nigel K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe association between osteoarthritis (OA) and fractures remains unclear. OA patients have increased bone mass, but no corresponding decrease in fracture rate. This study was undertaken to determine the fracture rates in patients with hip OA undergoing a total hip replacement (THR), as compared with disease‐free controls, and to assess the association between bisphosphonate use and postsurgery fracture risk.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based parallel‐cohorts study. All patients in the UK General Practice Research Database undergoing a THR for hip OA between 1986 and 2006 constituted the exposed cohort (n = 14,133). Five disease‐free controls were matched with each patient by age, sex, and practice site. Subjects were followed up for 5 years before and after surgery. Fracture rates and rate ratios (RRs) were estimated using Poisson regression. In addition, bisphosphonate use was identified among patients undergoing THR, and the data, stratified by the presence or absence of a previous fracture and by treatment propensity score, were assessed using fitted Cox models to study the effect of bisphosphonate use on the risk of fracture postsurgery.ResultsPatients undergoing a THR had a similar fracture risk as that in controls in the 5 years before THR, but had higher rates postsurgery, which peaked at years 2.5–5 (adjusted RR 1.24, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02–1.52). Use of bisphosphonates lowered the fracture risk among THR patients who received bisphosphonates as primary prevention (hazard ratio [HR] 0.56, 95% CI 0.38–0.82) and also among THR patients who had experienced a previous osteoporotic fracture (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.23–0.99).ConclusionThis study identified a 25% increase in fracture risk at 2.5–5 years postsurgery among patients undergoing a THR. Bisphosphonate use reduced the post‐THR risk of fracture when administered both as primary prevention and as secondary prevention, by 44% and 52%, respectively. This must be further confirmed in randomized controlled trials.
Polymer‐based microparticles in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Authors: Oliveira Mariana B. , Mano João F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDifferent types of biomaterials, processed into different shapes, have been proposed as temporary support for cells in tissue engineering (TE) strategies. The manufacturing methods used in the production of particles in drug delivery strategies have been adapted for the development of microparticles in the fields of TE and regenerative medicine (RM). Microparticles have been applied as building blocks and matrices for the delivery of soluble factors, aiming for the construction of TE scaffolds, either by fusion giving rise to porous scaffolds or as injectable systems for in situ scaffold formation, avoiding complicated surgery procedures. More recently, organ printing strategies have been developed by the fusion of hydrogel particles with encapsulated cells, aiming the production of organs in in vitro conditions. Mesoscale self‐assembly of hydrogel microblocks and the use of leachable particles in three‐dimensional (3D) layer‐by‐layer (LbL) techniques have been suggested as well in recent works. Along with innovative applications, new perspectives are open for the use of these versatile structures, and different directions can still be followed to use all the potential that such systems can bring. This review focuses on polymeric microparticle processing techniques and overviews several examples and general concepts related to the use of these systems in TE and RE applications. The use of materials in the development of microparticles from research to clinical applications is also discussed. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Role of Endonucleases XPF and XPG in Nucleotide Excision Repair of Platinated DNA and Cisplatin/Oxaliplatin Cytotoxicity
Authors: Graf Nora , Ang Wee Han , Zhu Guangyu , Myint MyatNoeZin , Lippard Stephen J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractResistance of tumor cells to platinum anticancer agents poses a major problem in cancer chemotherapy. One of the mechanisms associated with platinum‐based drug resistance is the enhanced capacity of the cell to carry out nucleotide excision repair (NER) on platinum‐damaged DNA. Endonucleases XPF and XPG are critical components of NER, responsible for excising the damaged DNA strand to remove the DNA lesion. Here, we investigated possible consequences of down‐regulation of XPF and XPG gene expression in osteosarcoma cancer cells (U2OS) and the impact on cellular transcription and DNA repair. We further evaluated the sensitivity of such cells toward the platinum anticancer drugs cisplatin and oxaliplatin.
A novel technique for stenting pulmonary artery and conduit bifurcation stenosis
Authors: Stumper Oliver , Bhole Vinay , Anderson Ben , Reinhardt Zdenka , Noonan Patrick , Mehta Chetan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground: Distal conduit obstruction is a recognized complication after surgery for congenital heart disease requiring implantation of a conduit from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries. Endovascular stenting of distal conduit obstruction can be challenging due to the proximity to the pulmonary artery bifurcation. Objective: A technique is described, whereby a single stent is mounted onto two balloon angioplasty catheters in tandem. This ensemble was delivered to the distal conduit/pulmonary artery via a large Mullins sheath on two guidewires, one placed in each of the branch pulmonary arteries. The aim was to assess safety and efficacy of this novel technique. Materials and Results: Seven patients (mean age 13.4 (6.7–23.4) years, mean weight 44.2 (23–69) kg were treated with this method. The pressure gradient was reduced from 36 (26–52) mm Hg to 11 (8–15) mm Hg [P< 0.05]. RV/LV pressure ratio decreased from 0.85 (0.6–0.95) to 0.42 (0.35–0.5) [P < 0.05]. There were no significant complications. During follow‐up over a median of 2.6 (0.3–6.7) years no patient required re‐intervention or surgery. Conclusion: This novel technique appears to be safe and effective for stenting stenoses just proximal to pulmonary artery bifurcation. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimating the reversing and non‐reversing heat flow from standard DSC curves in the glass transition region
Authors: Artiaga Ramón , López‐Beceiro Jorge , Tarrío‐Saavedra Javier , Gracia‐Fernández Carlos , Naya Salvador , Mier José L. 
Published: March 2011

A mathematical model for the total heat flow obtained in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments from polymers with enthalpic relaxation is proposed. It is limited to the glass transition and enthalpic relaxation range of temperature and to the cases where the enthalpic relaxation is the only non‐reversing process taking place. The model consists of a mixture of functions representing the heat capacity heat flow of the glassy and non‐glassy fractions, the glass transition progress and the enthalpic relaxation heat flow.Optimal fittings of the model were performed on the experimental total heat flow data, obtained from two thermoplastics with different aging times. Considering which functions of the mixture represent reversing and non‐reversing processes, the reversing and non‐reversing heat flows were also estimated. The estimated reversing and non‐reversing signals were compared with the ones obtained by modulation. On the whole a good match was found, which was even better considering that the estimates are not affected by the frequency effect of the modulated temperature DSC (MTDSC) measurements. The model assumes linear trends for the heat capacity heat flow of the glassy and non‐glassy structures. The glass transition progress is represented by a generalized logistic function and the enthalpic relaxation heat flow by the first derivative of another generalized logistic. It brings about a new approach to these phenomena, where the parameters of these functions represent the temperature at which each event is centered, the change of heat capacity (Cp) at the glass transition and the energy involved in the enthalpic recovery. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Photooxidation of Alcohols by an Unsymmetrical Tetra(pyridyl)pyrazine‐Bridged Dinuclear Ru Complex
Authors: Chen Weizhong , Rein Francisca N. , Scott Brian L. , Rocha Reginaldo C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe dinuclear complexes [(tpy)Ru(tppz)Ru(bpy)(L)]n+ (where L is Cl− or H2O, tpy and bpy are the terminal ligands 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine and 2,2′‐bipyridine, and tppz is the bridging backbone 2,3,5,6‐tetrakis(2‐pyridyl)pyrazine) were prepared and structurally and electronically characterized. The mononuclear complexes [(tpy)Ru(tppz)]2+ and [(tppz)Ru(bpy)(L)]m+ were also prepared and studied for comparison. The proton‐coupled, multi‐electron photooxidation reactivity of the aquo dinuclear species was shown through the photocatalytic dehydrogenation of a series of primary and secondary alcohols. Under simulated solar irradiation and in the presence of a sacrificial electron acceptor, the photoactivated chromophore–catalyst complex (in aqueous solutions at room temperature and ambient pressure conditions) can perform the visible‐light‐driven conversion of aliphatic and benzylic alcohols into the corresponding carbonyl products (i.e., aldehydes or ketones) with 100 % product selectivity and several tens of turnover cycles, as probed by NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Moreover, for aliphatic substrates, the activity of the photocatalyst was found to be highly selective toward secondary alcohols, with no significant product formed from primary alcohols. Comparison of the activity of this tppz‐bridged complex with that of the analogue containing a back‐to‐back terpyridine bridge (tpytpy, i.e., 6′,6′′‐bis(2‐pyridyl)‐2,2′:4′,4′′:2′′,2′′′‐quaterpyridine) demonstrated that the latter is a superior photocatalyst toward the oxidation of alcohols. The much stronger electronic coupling with significant delocalization across the strongly electron‐accepting tppz bridge facilitates charge trapping between the chromophore and catalyst centers and therefore is presumably responsible for the decreased catalytic performance.
Performance of hydrocyclones with different geometries
Authors: Vieira Luiz G. M. , Silvério Beatriz C. , Damasceno João J. R. , Barrozo Marcos A. S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHydrocyclones belong to an important group of equipments designed to solid–liquid or liquid–liquid separation in a centrifugal field. It is possible to adapt a hydrocyclone to the accomplishment of several industrial activities depending on the geometrical relations among its main dimensions. The operation and design of these devices are relatively simple; however, the flow inside them is very complex and its prediction is very difficult. For that reason, most models that are used to predict hydrocyclone performance are empirical ones. The objective of this work was to study the influence of geometric variables in the performance of hydrocyclones, using CFD and response surface techniques. The obtained results show that it was possible to find an optimum hydrocyclone design, that is, geometric relationships that lead to Euler number and cut size in minimum levels.
The extraction of lactic acid by emulsion type of liquid membranes using alamine 336 in escaid 100
Authors: Manzak Aynur , Tutkun Osman 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe extraction of lactic acid from aqueous solutions through an emulsion liquid membrane containing Alamine 336 as carrier was investigated. The influence of mixing speed, diluent type, surfactant concentration, extractant concentration, feed solution pH, stripping concentration, phase ratio, and feed concentration were examined. Liquid membrane consists of a diluent (n‐heptane, toluene, kerosene, Escaid 100, and Escaid 200), a surfactant (Span 80) and an extractant (Alamine 336), and Na2CO3were used as a stripping solution. It is possible to extract 91% of lactic acid from aqueous solutions using Alamine 336 in Escaid 100, as an extractant and a diluent respectively.
Validation of the lymph node ratio as a prognostic factor in patients with N1 nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Jonnalagadda Sirisha , Arcinega Jacqueline , Smith Cardinale , Wisnivesky Juan P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The number of positive lymph nodes (LNs) has been proposed as a prognostic indicator in N1 nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the number of positive LNs is confounded by the number of LNs resected during surgery. The lymph node ratio (LNR) (the ratio of the number of positive LNs divided by the number of LNs resected) can circumvent this limitation. The prognostic significance of the LNR has been demonstrated in elderly patients with NSCLC. The objective of the current study was to evaluate whether a higher LNR is a marker of worse survival in patients with NSCLC aged ≤65 years who have N1 disease.METHODS:The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify 4004 patients who underwent resection for N1 NSCLC. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to LNR (≤0.15, 0.16‐0.5, and >0.5). Associations of the LNR with lung cancer‐specific and overall mortality were evaluated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Stratified and Cox regression analyses were used to assess correlations between the LNR and survival after adjusting for other prognostic factors.RESULTS:Unadjusted analysis indicated that a higher LNR was associated with worse lung cancer‐specific survival (P < .0001) and overall survival (P < .0001). Stratified and multivariate analyses also indicated that the LNR was an independent predictor of survival after controlling for potential confounders.CONCLUSIONS:The current results confirmed that the LNR is an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with N1 NSCLC. This information may be used to identify patients who are at greater risk of cancer recurrence. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Characterization of NPY Y2 receptor protein expression in the mouse brain. II. Coexistence with NPY, the Y1 receptor, and other neurotransmitter‐related molecules
Authors: Stanić Davor , Mulder Jan , Watanabe Masahiko , Hökfelt Tomas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely expressed in the brain and its biological effects are mediated through a variety of receptors. We examined, using immunohistochemistry, expression of the Y2 receptor (R) protein in the adult mouse brain and its association with NPY and the Y1R, as well as a range of additional neurotransmitters and signaling‐related molecules, which previously have not been defined. Our main focus was on the hippocampal formation (HiFo), amygdaloid complex, and hypothalamus, considering the known functions of NPY and the wide expression of NPY, Y1R, and Y2R in these regions. Y2R‐like immunoreactivity (‐LI) was distributed in nerve fibers/terminal endings throughout the brain axis, without apparent colocalization with NPY or the Y1R. Occasional coexistence between NPY‐ and Y1R‐LI was found in the HiFo. Following colchicine treatment, Y2R‐LI accumulated in cell bodies that coexpressed γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in a population of cells in the amygdaloid complex and lateral septal nucleus, but not in the HiFo. Instead, Y2R‐positive nerve terminals appeared to surround GABA‐immunoreactive (ir) cells in the HiFo and other neuronal populations, e.g., NPY‐ir cells in HiFo and tyrosine hydroxylase‐ir cells in the hypothalamus. In the HiFo, Y2R‐ir mossy fibers coexpressed GABA, glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 and calbindin, and Y2R‐LI was found in the same fibers that contained the presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor 2, but not together with any of the three vesicular glutamate transporters. Our findings provide further support that Y2R is mostly presynaptic, and that Y2Rs thus have a modulatory role in mediating presynaptic neurotransmitter release. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1219–1257, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
VLSI implementation of a configurable IP Core for quantized discrete cosine and integer transforms
Authors: Sun Chi‐Chia , Donner Philipp , Götze Jürgen 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, a low‐complexity and highly integrated IP Core for image/video transformations is presented. It can perform quantized 8×8 DCT and quantized 8 × 8/4 × 4 H.264 integer transforms on the presented configurable architecture using integer shift–add arithmetic operations. The MPEG‐4/H.264 experimental and circuit simulation results show that the reconfigurable modules and the CORDIC‐Scaler can not only approximate the arbitrary scaling values for different video standards efficiently but also achieve very high throughput and retain good transformation quality compared with the default methods in terms of PSNR. Therefore, the proposed IP Core is very suitable for low‐complexity multi‐purpose Video Codecs in SoC designs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A joint experimental and simulation study of the IEEE 802.11s HWMP protocol and airtime link metric
Authors: Garroppo Rosario G. , Giordano Stefano , Tavanti Luca 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYOne of the main features of the upcoming IEEE 802.11s standard is the path selection procedure, which is performed by the Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol by means of thetextitairtime link metric (ALM). Through a small experimental testbed, and using the open80211s code, which provides one of the most compliant draft implementations, we analysed the impact that the implementation choices of the developers have on the system performance. The analysis revealed that even small deviations from the specified routines (or different choices in the estimation of the parameters used in the online calculation of the ALM) can lead to noteworthy performance degradations. We thus realized some fixes to improve the performance of the system and verified the effectiveness of such amendments in a realistic simulation environment. We then compared the performance of the modified version to the original one. The outcome of the test highlighted the remarkable advantage achieved by the proposed fixes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Effects of Varied Steric Bulk in 2,(4),6‐Substituted Dimethylthallium(III) Phenoxides
Authors: Briand Glen G. , Decken Andreas , McKelvey J. Ian , Zhou Yukun 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe structural effects of varied steric bulk on 2,(4),6‐substituted dimethylthallium(III) phenoxides has been examined. The facile reaction of Me3Tl with a series of 2,(4),6‐substituted phenols in toluene or diethyl ether resulted in the formation of the species [Me2TlO(2,6‐R2C6H3)]2 [R = H (4), Me (5), iPr (6), Ph (7)] and [Me2TlO(2,4,6‐tBu3C6H2)] (8). All compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis as well as their melting point; FTIR, FT‐Raman, solution 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy; and X‐ray crystallography. The structures of 4–7 are dimeric through short intermolecular Tl–O interactions, which yield a symmetric Tl2O2 unit and a distorted seesaw C2O2 bonding environment for thallium. An increase in the steric bulk in 4–6 has little effect on Tl–O bond lengths, whereas the CMe–Tl–CMe bond angle was found to significantly decrease. Further, the phenoxide ligands in 5 and 6 were found to be oriented perpendicular to the Tl2O2 unit to minimize steric interactions. Alternatively, compound 7 shows an increase in Tl–O bond lengths and an increase in the CMe–Tl–CMe bond angle compared to 4–6, and orientation of the phenoxide ligands perpendicular to the Tl2O2 core. The significant steric bulk imposed by the –O(2,4,6‐tBu3C6H2) ligand in 8 precludes dimer formation and allows for isolation of a monomeric species that contains a three‐coordinate T‐shaped C2O bonding environment for thallium. DFT calculations show that the energetic favorability of dimer formation decreases with increased phenoxide steric bulk.
Samarium Iodobinaphtholate: An Efficient Catalyst for Enantioselective Aza‐Michael Additions of O‐Benzylhydroxylamine to N‐Alkenoyloxazolidinones
Authors: Didier Dorian , Meddour Abdelkrim , Bezzenine‐Lafollée Sophie , Collin Jacqueline 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSamarium diiodide is an efficient catalyst for the aza‐Michael addition of O‐benzylhydroxylamine to α,β‐unsaturated N‐acyloxazolidinones leading to mixtures of the Michael adduct and the product resulting from its amidation. Samarium iodobinaphtholate catalyzed reactions selectively afford the Michael adducts with enantiomeric excesses up to 88 %. An isoinversion effect with temperature is observed with the highest enantiomeric excess at –40 °C.
Use of Acylhydrazine‐ and Acylhydrazone‐Type Ligands to Promote CuI‐Catalyzed C–N Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Bromides with N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Li Liuyi , Zhu Lei , Chen Dagui , Hu Xuelei , Wang Ruihu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of ten acylhydrazine‐ and acylhydrazone‐type ligands were designed and synthesized. Their electronic and steric properties were easily modified and tuned by varying the substituents in the vicinity of the acylhydrazine and acylhydrazone units. The effect of ligands on the catalytic activity of Ullmann reactions was assessed by using a combination of these ligands with CuI. The catalytic system is very efficient for the C–N coupling reaction of azoles with aryl and heteroaryl bromides.