bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Inventories Have an Impact on Price Transmission? Evidence From the Canadian Chicken Industry
Authors: Abbassi Abdessalem , Tamini Lota D. , Gervais Jean‐Philippe 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the influence of inventories in explaining the magnitude of price transmission. Using data from the Canadian chicken industry, a flexible non‐linear inference framework detects significant non‐linearities in the relationship between farm and wholesale prices. An empirical model is proposed to estimate a price transmission elasticity and a target inventory equation in the spirit of linear‐quadratic inventory models in the macroeconomics literature. A generalized method of moments estimator measures the impact of inventories on price transmission and accounts for the potential correlation between sales and wholesale prices. The price transmission elasticity is lower (higher) when inventories are above (below) the target level.
Analysis of skeletal dysplasias in the Utah population
Authors: Stevenson David A. , Carey John C. , Byrne Janice L.B. , Srisukhumbowornchai Sivithee , Feldkamp Marcia L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Utah Birth Defect Network (UBDN) collects population‐based data for Utah on births from all resident women. The prevalence of skeletal dysplasias and epidemiologic characteristics/outcomes were evaluated. Cases categorized as a skeletal dysplasia from all live births, stillbirths, and pregnancy terminations (TAB) between 1999 and 2008 were reviewed by three clinical geneticists. After case review, 153 were included for analysis (88% live births, 3% stillborn, 9% TAB), and categorized by groupings defined by molecular, biochemical, and/or radiographic criteria as outlined in the 2010 Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders. The overall prevalence for skeletal dysplasias was 3.0 per 10,000 births, and 20.0 per 10,000 stillbirths. The most common diagnostic groups were osteogenesis imperfecta (OI; n = 40; 0.79 per 10,000), thanatophoric dysplasia (n = 22; 0.43 per 10,000), achondroplasia (n = 18; 0.35 per 10,000), and cleidocranial dysplasia (n = 6; 0.12 per 10,000). The most common groups based on the 2010 Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders were the FGFR3 chondrodysplasia group (n = 41; 0.81 per 10,000), the OI/decreased bone density group (n = 40; 0.79 per 10,000), and the type 2 collagen group (n = 10; 0.2 per 10,000). Median age of postnatal diagnosis was 30 days (range 1–2,162). Of those deceased, 88% were prenatally suspected; of those alive 29% prenatally suspected. Median age of death for live born individuals was 1 day (range 1–1,450 days). Previously reported prevalence rates vary, but our data provide a population‐based approach not limited to the perinatal/neonatal period. Understanding the range for survival within each group/diagnosis is beneficial for health care providers when counseling families. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of knitted and woven textile structures on the mechanical performance of poly(lactic acid) textile insert injection‐compression moldings
Authors: Nodo Kengo , Leong Yew Wei , Hamada Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe main issue concerning poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has been its brittleness, thus limiting its potential to only a minute number of applications. Some attempts have been made to modify or blend PLA with tougher materials to improve its deformability, with varying degrees of success. This study primarily concentrates on enhancing the toughness of PLA without the incorporation of any additives whatsoever, thus the end product would consist of 100% biodegradable PLA. It is shown here that the toughness of PLA can be significantly enhanced by merely improvising processing techniques. The textile‐insert molding technique was applied in this case, whereby PLA fabrics were attached to the surface of PLA resin by injection‐compression molding. It was found that the molding conditions have an adverse effect on the interfacial adhesion between the fabrics and resin, which subsequently affect the impact performance of the moldings. The fabric was able to distribute impact loads toward a larger area thus enhancing impact resistance of the substrate resin. However, knitted and woven fabrics would impart different impact load dispersion characteristics due to their inherent variation in stretchability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Malformations of the Great Vessels in the Neonatal Rat Induced by N‐(2‐Aminoethyl)ethanolamine
Authors: Schneider Steffen , Treumann Silke , Moore Nigel P. 
Published: March 2012

The reproductive and developmental toxicity of aminoethylethanolamine was evaluated in a standard screening study (OECD, 1995: Organisation for economic co‐operation and development. Paris, France), in which groups of Wistar rats (10/sex/group) were administered the test substance by gavage at dosage levels of 50, 250, or 1000 mg/kg/day (groups 2–4, respectively). A control group received the vehicle, doubly distilled water. No live pups were delivered in group 4, and there was a higher incidence of stillborn offspring and reduced postnatal survival in group 3. Macroscopic changes in groups 2 and 3 were primarily related to the great vessels and characterized by dilations, aneurysms, and altered course of the aorta, pulmonary trunk, carotids, and the ductus arteriosus. A follow‐up study was conducted to characterize the low dose‐response, using dosage levels of 0, 0.2, 1, 5, or 50 mg/kg/day (groups 1–5, respectively). Given the expected scarcity of the lesions in control offspring, each group consisted of 25 animals of each sex. Macroscopic examination revealed a high incidence (18.5%) of aneurysm‐bearing offspring in group 5 litters, and single offspring (0.3–0.4%) with aneurysms in groups 3 and 4. Microscopic examination revealed dissecting aneurysms in offspring from all aminoethylethanolamine treatment groups, without a clear dose‐response between groups 2 and 4 (0.6%, 1.2%, and 0.3%, respectively), and focal hemorrhages in all groups including the control. In comparison, the background incidence of aneurysms in untreated 4‐day old offspring was 0.2% (Treumann et al., 2011: Toxicol Pathol 39:969–974). Consequently, the findings in groups 2–4 cannot be conclusively attributed to treatment.
Modeling civil violence in Afghanistan: Ethnic geography, control, and collaboration
Authors: Bhavnani Ravi , Choi Hyun Jin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe develop a computational model to explore how ethnic geography shapes the distribution of violence in civil war. We seed the model with disaggregated data on ethnic settlement patterns in Afghanistan and calibrate the model parameters to fit empirically observed locations of violence against civilians. Our simulation suggests that (i) political actors are more likely to attack civilians in heterogeneous areas where members of one ethnic group are exposed to members of a rival group; (ii) violence directed at civilians occurs with greater frequency in locations where one political actor exercises hegemonic but incomplete territorial control (relative to areas of complete or mixed control); and (iii) geographically concentrated ethnic minorities face a higher risk of violence. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2012
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Multidimensional Assessment of Social Anxiety (MASA)
Authors: Gros Daniel F. , Simms Leonard J. , Antony Martin M. , McCabe Randi E. 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveHybrid models of psychopathology propose to combine the current categorical diagnostic system with shared symptom dimensions common across various disorders. Recently, the first empirically derived hybrid model of social anxiety was developed, including both a specific factor for the diagnostic category of social anxiety and 5 nonspecific factors for related symptoms. The present investigation developed a self‐report measure—the Multidimensional Assessment of Social Anxiety (MASA)—based on this model to further the research on hybrid models.MethodThis investigation included three studies across large undergraduate (N = 411; 52.3% male; mean [M] age = 19.6) and clinical (N = 684; 61.4% female; M age = 35.8) samples, involving the administration of the MASA item pool and existing measures of related constructs.ResultsThrough a series of psychometric evaluations, the initial 466‐item pool was reduced to a final 38‐item measure that represented 6 distinct scales with adequate model fit, internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity.ConclusionsTogether, these studies likely will lead to additional research and advances in the development of the hybrid models of the mood and anxiety disorders through the dissemination and administration of the MASA.
Thyroglossal duct cysts in adults treated by ethanol sclerotherapy: A pilot study of a nonsurgical technique
Authors: Chow Tam‐Lin , Choi Chi‐Yee , Yee‐Hing Hui Joyce 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To investigate the effect of ethanol sclerotherapy on the thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC).Study Design:Prospective case series.Methods:Patients with primary TDC were enrolled. The volume of the TDC was calculated using the following formula: length × width × height × π/6. Under sonographic guidance, ethanol was slowly instilled into the TDC cavity after the cyst fluid was aspirated. The procedure was performed in an outpatient setting.Results:A total of eight patients were recruited for this study, but two of them did not receive sclerotherapy. One patient refused treatment after obtaining initial consent, and another patient was not treated due to a technical issue. The median follow‐up duration was 21 months. The median cyst volume was 3.5 mL. Of the six patients given sclerotherapy, recurrent TDC occurred in one patient. As expected, the TDC persisted in the two patients who had not undergone sclerotherapy. Two patients experienced moderate pain after the procedure that was well controlled with oral analgesics. No major complications arose, and no patient needed hospitalization because of treatment complications.Conclusions:Percutaneous ethanol sclerotherapy is an effective minimally invasive modality of therapy for TDC. Further studies with longer follow‐up are warranted.
Regulation of interleukin‐33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin in human nasal fibroblasts by proinflammatory cytokines
Authors: Nomura Kazuaki , Kojima Takashi , Fuchimoto Jun , Obata Kazufumi , Keira Takashi , Himi Tetsuo , Sawada Norimasa 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Epithelial‐derived interleukin (IL)‐33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are critical regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses associated with Th2 cytokine‐mediated inflammation, including allergic rhinitis. IL‐33 and TSLP are expressed not only in epithelial cells but also fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells at nasal mucosal sites. However, the role and the regulation of IL‐33 and TSLP in nasal fibroblasts remain unknown. We investigated the signal transduction regulation of IL‐33 and TSLP induced by proinflammatory cytokines in nasal fibroblasts.Study Design:In vitro, prospective study.Methods:Nasal fibroblasts were derived from human nasal mucosa without allergic rhinitis. Expression of IL‐33 and TSLP was examined in nasal fibroblasts treated with proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α after pretreatment with or without various inhibitors of signal transduction pathways.Results:In nasal fibroblasts, both Western blotting and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that expression of mRNAs and proteins of IL‐33 and TSLP was increased by treatment with IL‐1β or TNF‐α. Immunostaining revealed that IL‐33–positive nuclei were markedly increased by the treatment with IL‐1β or TNF‐α. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay showed that fibroblast‐released TSLP was significantly increased by treatment with IL‐1β or TNF‐α. The upregulation of both IL‐33 and TSLP proteins by treatment with IL‐1β was prevented by inhibitors of pan‐ protein kinase C (PKC), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB. In the cells treated with TNF‐α, upregulation of IL‐33 protein was prevented by inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), and NF‐κB, whereas upregulation of TSLP protein was prevented by inhibitors of pan‐PKC, PI3K, JNK, and NF‐κB.Conclusions:Expression of IL‐33 and TSLP in nasal fibroblasts was regulated via distinct signal transduction pathways including NF‐κB.
Taste disorders after tonsillectomy: A long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Heiser Clemens , Landis Basile N. , Giger Roland , Cao Van Helene , Guinand Nils , Hörmann Karl , Stuck Boris A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn a former study, taste disturbances after tonsillectomy seemed to be more frequent than expected. Eight percent of patients reported subjective taste disorders 6 months after tonsillectomy. Fifteen patients from the initial trial, who reported taste disorders after tonsillectomy, were contacted again for this long‐term follow‐up. A telephone interview using the same questionnaire addressing the current self‐estimate of taste function was performed. At 32 ± 10 months following surgery, two (0.9%) patients still reported suffering from taste disturbance. This long‐term follow‐up study shows that dysgeusia following tonsillectomy occurs in approximately 1% of patients. These data should be considered when patients are informed about complications after tonsillectomy.
Time‐resolved spin‐labeled balanced steady‐state free precession cineangiography for visualizing intracardiac shunt: technical considerations and clinical feasibility
Authors: Mordini Federico E. , Koktzoglou Ioannis , Edelman Robert R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA time‐resolved spin‐labeled cineangiographic MRI technique for visualizing blood flow in the heart and defects of the atrial septum is described. The method utilizes a spin labeling preparation and a time‐resolved balanced steady‐state free precession imaging readout that enhances blood in the left atrium or right atrium and suppresses background signal through inversion recovery. Four volunteer studies and 10 patient studies were performed at 1.5 T to characterize the signal properties and to test the clinical feasibility of depicting atrial septal defects. In volunteers, the spin‐labeled cineangiographic method depicted intracardiac blood flow patterns and demarcated the intact atrial septum. Peak target to adjacent atrial chamber contrast‐to‐noise ratios of 84 and 94 were obtained 758 and 689 ms postlabeling; 50% of peak contrast‐to‐noise ratio was maintained for 803 and 599 ms in the left atrium and right atrium, respectively. In all patients with an atrial septal defect, the spin‐labeled cineangiographic method demonstrated left‐to‐right flow and maintained good morphological assessment of surrounding cardiac structures. Right‐to‐left flow was seen in three patients. In conclusion, the spin‐labeled cineangiographic method displayed favorable signal properties in volunteers and demonstrated shunting in patients with atrial septal defects. The technique is expected to be a viable alternative to the few techniques available for visualizing blood flow in the heart. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Childhood enuresis is a risk factor for bladder dysfunction in adult life?
Authors: D'Ancona Carlos Arturo Levi , Lopes Maria Helena Baena de Moraes , Faleiros‐Martins Anna Carolina , Lúcio Adélia Correia , Campos Renata Martins , Costa José Vilton 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimsTo verify the relationship between enuresis in childhood and the type of urinary incontinence in adults, considering the gender and age.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study the database used contained the records of patients who had with urinary complaints and underwent urodynamic studies in the period from 1999 to 2008. A multinomial logistic regression model was adjusted for the type of UI.ResultsA total of 661 patient records were analyzed, 585 (88.5%) women and 76 (11.5%) men, with mean age 54 (SD = 13.3). Patients with urge urinary incontinence (UUI) were compared to those with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and the variables associated were the presence of enuresis in childhood (OR = 2.37, IC: 1.43–3.92) and age >50 years (OR = 2.64, CI: 1.68–4.15). Comparing patients with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) and SUI, the presence of enuresis was also associated ((OR = 1.77, CI: 1.15–2.73) and the age of more than 50 years (OR = 1.71, CI: 1.19–2.44). For both categories of urinary incontinence, the variable sex was not associated.ConclusionsIndividuals with MUI and UUI in adult life were more likely to have a history of enuresis in childhood than those with SUI. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:634–636, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The management of adolescents with neurogenic urinary tract and bowel dysfunction
Authors: de Kort L.M.O. , Bower W.F. , Swithinbank L.V. , Marschall‐Kehrel D. , de Jong T.P.V.M. , Bauer S.B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMost children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction arrive into adolescence with reasonably managed lower urinary tract function only to experience bladder and kidney function deterioration after puberty. The aim of this article is to identify issues that contribute to adverse changes in bladder and renal function during adolescence and to highlight strategies to preserve urinary tract integrity, social continence, patient autonomy, and independence.Surveillance of bladder function requires patient attendance at review appointments and compliance with treatment plans. While encouraging independence and treatment compliance the clinician also needs to consider altered mental concentrating ability and fine motor skills of these patients. A keen eye for imminent loss of patient compliance to treatment protocol should be the mainstay of each encounter during puberty and adolescence.Annual surveillance of adolescent neurogenic bladder patients facilitates early identification of risk factors for urinary tract deterioration. Investigations include renal and bladder ultrasonography, urodynamic study when indicated, substantiated by videocystometry when anatomical status dictates. Serum creatinine should be measured and renal scintigraphy performed when upper urinary tract dilation, renal scarring, or atrophy are suspected.Optimal management of adolescents with neurologic disease of the urinary tract included strategies to reduce elevated detrusor pressure, maintain bladder compliance, and maximize dryness. Antimuscarinic medications, botulinum toxin A, and surgical procedures are enhanced by bowel management regimens and regular nurse or urotherapist patient contact. Caring for the patient as a whole requires discussion of sexuality, fertility status, and behaviors that increase the risk of progressive urinary tract damage. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:1170–1174, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of the structure of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposite by in‐line light extinction and color measurements during multiple extrusions
Authors: Reis K.C. , Canevarolo S.V. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis work extends the method to follow in real time the reduction of the clay particle size by light extinction measurements (turbidity), obtained via an in‐line optical detector fitted at the extruder die exit, to monitor multiple extrusions of PP/MMT nanocomposites. The optical detector was calibrated and showed to follow the Mie Theory. This theory states that the transmitted light intensity decreases for suspension of particles smaller than 500 nm. Corroborating with these results, off‐line color measurements has shown that the luminosity decrease and the yellow color increases during multiple extrusions of the nanocomposites. In addition, the color difference and the yellowness indexes of the nanocomposites using organic modified montmorillonite (MMT) are higher then the MMT Na+ (sodium MMT) after multiple extrusions. The addition of clay to a PP matrix produced an increase in the opacity. Results from X‐ray do follow the same trend as those obtained from the in‐line light extinction measurements. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Adhesion of extrusion‐coated polymer sealing layers to a fiber‐based packaging material with an atomic layer deposited aluminum oxide surface coating
Authors: Lahtinen Kimmo , Johansson Petri , Kääriäinen Tommi , Cameron David C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAdhesion of extrusion‐coated polymer sealing layers on an atomic layer deposited (ALD) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) surface coating was investigated with a view to gain information on the applicability of ALD deposited barrier layers in fiber‐based packaging materials. The polymers used for the sealing layer were low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polylactide (PLA). They were extrusion‐coated onto the ceramic side of paper/PET/Al2O3 substrates, where the Al2O3 layer was a few tens of nanometers thick. According to the results, good adhesion was obtained for LDPE coating, whereas the other coatings showed a considerable lack of adhesion. Presumably, the oxidation faced by LDPE in the air gap of the extrusion‐coating process was able to create an extensive number of reactive sites that strongly bonded with the hydroxyl groups on the oxide surface of the substrate. With the PET and PLA coatings, such oxidation did not occur and the adhesion obtained remained at a relatively poor level. With all of the coatings, the adhesion levels were improved using corona discharge equipment as a pretreatment prior to the extrusion‐coating process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 52:1985–1990, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Bemessung von Tragwerken aus höherfesten Stählen bis S700 nach EN 1993‐1‐12
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Deepe Peter , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Rasche Christina 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMit der Einführung von Eurocode 3 und EN 1090‐2 ist die Bemessung und Ausführung von Stahltragwerken aus höherfesten Stählen in den Festigkeitsklassen über S460 bis S700 durch die Normung in weiten Teilen geregelt. EN 1993‐1‐12 enthält für diese Stähle zusätzliche Regeln, die bei der Anwendung der verschiedenen Teile des Eurocode 3 zu beachten sind. Unterschiede für höherfeste Stähle ergeben sich u. a. aus dem geringeren plastischen Verformungsvermögen. Die Möglichkeit zum schlankeren Bauen führt zu einer größeren Bedeutung von Stabilitätseinflüssen und Verformungen. Weitere Unterschiede ergeben sich in der Tragfähigkeit und dem Verformungsvermögen von Schrauben‐ und Schweißverbindungen. Im folgenden Beitrag werden die speziellen Regeln zur Berechnung und Bemessung von Tragwerken aus höherfesten Stählen und deren Verbindungen erläutert sowie Potenziale gegenüber normalfesten Stählen aufgezeigt.Design rules for structures made of high strength steels up to S700 according to EN 1993‐1‐12. Due to the implementation of Eurocode 3 and EN 1090‐2 design and execution of steel structures made of high strength steel of grades higher than S460 up to S700 are mostly regulated by standardization. EN 1993‐1‐12 contains supplementary rules for these steel grades, which have to be considered when applying other parts of Eurocode 3. Differences with regard to high strength steels, for example, result from lower plastic deformability. The possibility to design more slender structures increases the relevance of deformations and stability effects. Further differences are reflected in resistance and deformation capacity of bolted and welded connections. The following article describes special design rules for structures made of high strength steels and their joints and demonstrates their potential compared to conventional steel grades.