bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoral scanner-based monitoring of tooth wear in young adults: 36-month results
Authors: Schlenz Maximiliane Amelie , Schlenz Moritz Benedikt , Wöstmann Bernd , Glatt Anna Sophia , Ganss Carolina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The study continues our longitudinal observation of wear aiming to further monitoring of progression and lesion morphology and to identify relationships with assumed aetiological factors.

Materials and methods
Molars (FDI #36 or #46) of 74 participants (23.8 ± 2.2 years) were scanned (Trios 3, 3Shape) at the third follow-up (T3; observation period 1,111 ± 10 days). Data sets from T3, T2 (24-month follow-up) and T1 (12-month follow-up) were superimposed with baseline in a 3D analysis software (GOM Inspect). Wear was quantified as maximum vertical tissue loss (µm; median, 95% CI) in various occlusal areas (4/5 cusps and 2 ridges). Morphologies were classified into cupping (C), facet (F), and combined cupping-facet (CF). Aetiological factors were assessed with questionnaires.

Results
Wear increased at T3 significantly at low rates in all areas of the occlusal surface (median between 7.0 (4.0;10.5) and 9.5 (6.0;15.0) µm). There was a clear trend for higher loss values in males, but no association with other factors such as nutrition. C and CF showed significantly higher loss values than F. Areas without initial wear developed F first, which either persisted or developed into C and CF.

Conclusions
Wear continued at low rates with C/CF morphology and sex as significant factors. Cupped lesions seem to develop from facets and thus may not be a valid diagnostic criterion for erosive tooth wear.

Clinical relevance
Wear is a cumulative process that apparently follows complex mechanisms that cannot be conceptualized in simplified terms; C and CF may be indicators for higher progression rates.
Clinical implications for the association of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis: an observational study
Authors: Miele Giuseppina , Sparaco Maddalena , Maida Elisabetta , Bile Floriana , Lavorgna Luigi , Bonavita Simona , Ruocco Eleonora 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis (PsO) are distinct chronic autoimmune conditions with varying impacts on patients' lives. While the co-occurrence of MS and PsO has been reported, the underlying pathogenic link remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PsO in a MS outpatient clinic population and explore the potential interplay between these conditions.

Methods
316 MS patients who had at least one visit at our MS center in the last year, were selected from our outpatient MS Clinic electronic database and were e-mailed in August 2023 and inquired about a previous diagnosis of PsO. Demographic and MS history data were retrospectively gathered for two groups: MS patients without and with PsO. Information about MS phenotype, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at the diagnosis and at last follow-up, disease modifying therapy (DMT) were collected retrospectively from our MS data set. PsO diagnosis was confirmed by an experienced dermatologist and severity was assessed with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI).

Results
Among 253 respondents, 5.85% reported a PsO diagnosis that was confirmed after the dermatological evaluation Among patients with psoriasis 66.67% had progressive course of MS (p = 0.032) and the onset of PsO typically occurred after MS diagnosis. 9 out 15 patients had a PASI score of 0 and 6 are currently undergoing treatment with an anti-CD20 therapy. Notably, a subset of our patients were on anti-CD20 therapy and did not experience a worsening of dermatological symptoms.

Discussion and conclusion
The prevalence of PsO in our outpatient MS population aligns with previous studies. Treatment approaches should be tailored to individual patient needs, emphasizing collaboration between neurologists and dermatologists. Medications like dimethyl fumarate, effective in both conditions, could be considered. The data from our study also suggest that anti-CD20 therapy may be a viable option for some patients with concurrent MS and mild PsO, without a significant worsening of dermatological symptoms. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex relationship between MS and PsO and to develop more effective therapeutic strategies for patients with both conditions.
Large differences between observed and expected Ecuadorian deforestation from 2001 to 2009: a counterfactual simulation approach
Authors: Calvas Baltazar , Castro Luz Maria , Kindu Mengistie , Bingham Logan , Pintado Karla , Torres Celi Jonathan , Knoke Thomas , Cueva-Ortiz Jorge 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnsuring the integrity of the world’s forests is indispensable for mitigating climate change, combatting biodiversity loss, and protecting the livelihoods of rural communities. While many strategies have been developed to address deforestation across different geographic scales, measuring their impact against a fluctuating background of market-driven forest loss is notoriously challenging. In this article, we (1) asses deforestation in Ecuador using a dynamic, counterfactual baseline that excludes non-market factors, (2) identify periods of reduced and excess deforestation, and (3) assess the economic consequences of associated CO2 emissions using the social cost of carbon metric. We construct a counterfactual market-forces-only reference scenario by simulating heterogeneous profit-seeking agents making satisficing land-use allocation decisions under uncertainty. The model simulates a reference scenario for 2001–2022, a period encompassing dollarization, the beginning of a constitution granting inalienable rights to nature, and the launch of the largest payments for ecosystem services program in Ecuador’s history. On this period, total deforestation was approximately 20% lower than expected in a market-forces-only scenario (9540 vs.12,000 km2). The largest deviation occurred in 2001–2009, when observed deforestation was 43.6% lower than expected (3720 vs 6590 km2). From 2010 onwards, deforestation appears to be market-driven. We assess the economic value of avoided CO2 emissions at US $5.7 billion if the reduction is permanent, or US $3.1 billion considering a 1% risk of loss from 2022 onwards. We discuss contributing factors that likely shaped periods of reduced and excess deforestation and stress the need to use realistic baselines.
A catastrophe model approach for flood risk assessment of Italian municipalities
Authors: Perazzini Selene , Gnecco Giorgio , Pammolli Fabio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractItaly is severely affected by floods, yet the government has still to develop a flood risk management strategy that is able to adequately protect the population from the huge financial, human and welfare losses they cause. In this respect, a major obstacle is the limited understanding of risk at the national level. To date, there are no analyses in the literature that estimate the flood losses for the whole Italian territory at the small area level. This is particularly due to the lack of uniformity in the collection of data by the river basin authorities, which are primarily responsible for collecting information on floods in the country. In this work, we combine different sources of flood data and propose a model for flood loss estimation that allows us to predict expected losses per square meter, per municipality, and per structural typology. We identify the areas that are critical to risk management either because of high inhabited density or because of the structural fragility of the assets. Flood expected losses are then compared with those generated by earthquakes, which constitute the natural hazard of main concern in Italy. We find that, in contrast with earthquakes, floods affect only some municipalities. Nevertheless, floods might generate losses per square meter even higher than earthquakes.
Prospective Effects of Self-Rated Health on Dementia Risk in Two Twin Studies of Aging
Authors: Pilgrim Matthew J. D. , Beam Christopher R. , Nygaard Marianne , Finkel Deborah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSubjective health ratings are associated with dementia risk such that those who rate their health more poorly have increased risk for dementia. The genetic and environmental mechanisms underlying this association are unclear, as prior research cannot rule out whether the association is due to genetic confounds. The current study addresses this gap in two samples of twins, one from Sweden (N = 548) and one from Denmark (N = 4,373). Using genetically-informed, bivariate regression models, we assessed whether additive genetic effects explained the association between subjective health and dementia risk as indexed by a latent variable proxy measure. Age at intake, sex, education, depressive symptomatology, and follow-up time between subjective health and dementia risk assessments were included as covariates. Results indicate that genetic variance and other sources of confounding accounted for the majority of the effect of subjective health ratings on dementia risk. After adjusting for genetic confounding and other covariates, a small correlation was observed between subjective health and latent dementia risk in the Danish sample (rE = − .09, p < .05). The results provide further support for the genetic association between subjective health and dementia risk, and also suggest that subjective ratings of health measures may be useful for predicting dementia risk.
Rheological study of hybrid aqueous suspension of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils and graphene oxide
Authors: Malnarič Iris , Krajnc Matjaž , Šebenik Urška 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into a nanocellulose matrix has attracted considerable attention due to the unique advantages of both components. This study focuses on investigating the viscoelastic and flow properties of hybrid aqueous suspensions (2.00 w/v%), composed of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF) and GO at different TOCNF/GO weight ratios. To adjust the elastic properties of the hybrid suspensions, calcium ions are introduced, varying the concentration systematically to study their effects on the hybrid network structure. All blends exhibit shear-thinning behaviour and demonstrate elastic, gel-like properties. Notably, in the absence of calcium ions, the enhancement of elastic properties is more pronounced at higher GO fractions. Conversely, with the introduction of calcium ions, the enhancement of elastic properties becomes particularly important at higher TOCNF fractions. For the quantitative evaluation of these enhancements, we employ the logarithmic mixing rule. Significant positive deviations from the predictions of the logarithmic mixing rule are ascribed to the complex, concentration-dependent arrangement of cellulose nanofibrils and GO liquid crystals in the aqueous suspension, coupled with ionic crosslinking induced by calcium ions. The study aims to contribute to the understanding of the rheological behaviour of the TOCNF/GO hydrogel, showing potential advancements in various applications.
Graphical abstract
Deep learning adversarial attacks and defenses on license plate recognition system
Authors: Vizcarra Conrado , Alhamed Shadan , Algosaibi Abdulelah , Alnaeem Mohammed , Aldalbahi Adel , Aljaafari Nura , Sawalmeh Ahmad , Nazzal Mahmoud , Khreishah Abdallah , Alhumam Abdulaziz , Anan Muhammad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe breakthroughs in Machine learning and deep neural networks have revolutionized the handling of critical practical challenges, achieving state-of-the-art performance in various computer vision tasks. Notably, the application of deep neural networks in optical character recognition (OCR) has significantly enhanced the performance of OCR systems, making them a pivotal preprocessing component in text analysis pipelines for crucial applications such as license plate recognition (LPR) systems, where the efficiency of OCR is paramount. However, despite the advancements, the integration of deep neural networks in OCR introduces inherent security vulnerabilities, particularly susceptibility to adversarial examples. Adversarial examples in LPR systems are crafted by introducing perturbations to original license plate images, which can effectively compromise the integrity of the license plate recognition process, leading to erroneous license plate number identification. Given that the primary goal of OCR in this context is to accurately recognize license plate numbers, even a single misinterpreted character can significantly impact the overall performance of the LPR system. The vulnerability of LPR systems to adversarial attacks underscores the urgent need to address the security weaknesses inherited from deep neural networks. In response to these challenges, the exploration of alternative defense mechanisms, such as image denoising and in-painting, presents a compelling approach to bolstering the resilience of LPR systems against adversarial attacks. By prioritizing practical implementation and integration of image denoising and inpainting techniques align with the operational requirements of real-world LPR systems. These methods can be seamlessly integrated into existing pipelines, offering pragmatic and accessible means of enhancing security without imposing significant computational overhead. By embracing a multi-faceted approach that combines the strengths of traditional image processing techniques, the research endeavors to develop comprehensive and versatile defense strategies tailored to the specific vulnerabilities and requirements of LPR systems. This holistic approach aims to fortify LPR systems against adversarial threats, thereby fostering increased trust and reliability in the deployment of OCR and LPR technologies across various domains and applications.
An experimental study to assess resistance and resilience strategies of freshwater diatoms to cope with drying in Mediterranean temporary rivers
Authors: Quevedo-Ortiz Guillermo , Fernández-Calero José María , Cañedo-Argüelles Miguel , von Schiller Daniel , Fortuño Pau , Bonada Núria , Gomà Joan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTemporary rivers are aquatic ecosystems that alternate periods of water flow with dry periods. Diatoms are a group of unicellular microalgae with a high colonizing ability, but little is known about their responses to drying. We carried out different resistance and resilience experiments to evaluate temporal and spatial dispersal capacity of diatoms during the dry period. The resistance was tested experimentally by rehydrating dried biofilms and sediments from temporary rivers, whereas resilience was tested by installing artificial mesocosms along a dry river section. Disconnected pools were also sampled to evaluate their propagule emission capacity. In turn, dogs from the area were sampled to test potential zoochory dispersal capacity. In the resistance experiment, we found living diatoms in all the rehydrated sediments but not in biofilms. Diatoms with mobility traits, high ecological plasticity, and resistance spores presented high, along with typical soil diatoms. In the resilience experiment, all mesocosms hosted living diatoms, which were low-profile, pioneering, and small species. Diatoms found in the mesocosms were also common in the disconnected pools, underscoring the potential role of the latter as a propagule emission zone. Dogs' paws also had living diatoms, which evidences that wild fauna could potentially act as passive diatom vectors.
Stone Archive of World War I Victims: The Case of the Monument from Ruszów (Poland) and Various Aspects of Community Archaeology
Authors: Konczewski Paweł , Orlicki Łukasz , Daczkowski Andrzej , Mielczarek Gracjan , Konczewski Piotr , Majer Anna , Witkowski Bartosz , Biel Radosław 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article presents the discovery in Ruszów (German: Rauscha, today in Poland) of 103 stone epitaphs from a demolished monument commemorating the inhabitants of this village – German soldiers who died during World War I. After World War II, Poland received part of Germany’s territory in exchange for lands lost to the Soviet Union. Forced deportations followed the change of borders. Polish displaced persons in the new territories found a foreign cultural heritage, which they often treated as hostile – due to the vivid memories of the German occupation. In such circumstances, the monument in Ruszów was destroyed. The village inhabitants remembered this and decided to change it by initiating community archaeology to research the monument’s relics. The universal right to remember the dead, which, in their opinion was violated in the act of destroying the monument, was the motivation for their actions. It prompted the scientists helping them to reflect on the various aspects of community archaeology.
The forest policy outputs of regional regimes: a qualitative comparative analysis on the effects of formalization, hegemony and issue-focus around the globe
Authors: Sarker Pradip Kumar , Giessen Lukas , Göhrs Max , Jeon Sohui , Nago Minette , Polo-Villanueva Fredy David , Burns Sarah Lilian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInternational regimes, defined as sets of norms and rules around which members’ expectations converge, are providing structures for facilitating cooperation in a given issue area. Two main lines of environmental regime scholarship prevailed thus far: one on structural design aspects of international institutions and one on their effects and effectiveness. However, questions on how such effects are achieved in detail largely remain unanswered. Against this background, this study aims to analyze the institutional design conditions under which regional regimes produce strong or weak policies. We do so by qualitatively comparing, using a fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), nine regional regimes across the world towards their ability of producing regime forest policies as an illustrative issue area. Three structural conditions were identified as being influential on regime policy: (i) The degree of formalization (ii) The existence of hegemonic/powerful member state(s) and (iii) Scope or issue specificity bearing the identity of a regime. Our results showed that no one condition on its own was necessary to produce either strong or weak regime forest policy. However, all three conditions, through three different configurations, created a robust pathway for producing strong regime policy. In addition, the combination that showed the presence of all three conditions was related to weak regime policy. These results open several prospects for future research on the relationship between regimes´ structures and regime policy.
Adult Childrens’ College Completion Timing and Their Aging Mothers’ Self-Rated Health: The Role of Mothers’ Educational Attainment
Authors: Zhang Xing , Hammersmith Anna M. , Iida Masumi , Infurna Frank 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe transition to adulthood has become delayed, with college completion often diverging by socioeconomic background, specifically maternal education. On time, late, or never completing college can have health ramifications that reverberate into the lives of aging mothers. Using dyadic data from Waves I, III, IV, and V of Add Health and Waves I and II of Add Health Parent Study, we used logistic regression to assess whether the adult childrens’ college timing completion was associated with their aging mothers’ self-rated health. We also considered variation by mothers’ educational attainment. Results showed adult childrens’ college completion, whether on time or late, was associated with better maternal self-rated health relative to having adult children who did not complete college. We found no evidence that college completion timing and mothers’ self-rated health varied by mothers’ educational attainment.
Pillar Mothers: Perspective on the Adaptation Process of Mothers of Autistic Children
Authors: Périard-Larivée Delphine , Godbout Élisabeth , Bégin Jean-Yves , St-Laurent Diane , de Serres-Lafontaine Amélie , De Pauw Sarah , Bussières Eve-Line 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMothers of autistic children encounter numerous daily challenges that can affect their adaptation. While many studies have documented the impact on mothers of having an autistic child and factors contributing to their adaptation and their experiences of motherhood, few have examined how mothers of autistic children perceive their overall adaptation. We investigated with a qualitative design how mothers of autistic children perceive stressors, facilitators (resources, coping strategies, and contexts), and outcomes of adaptation in various life domains. Participants included 17 mothers of autistic children ranging from 2 to 8 years old. Mothers participated in a phone interview about their perception of their successes, challenges, and adaptation as mothers of their children. A thematic analysis was conducted on interview transcripts using inductive and deductive coding. A cross-case analysis was subsequently used to identify themes and subthemes. Results highlight the complexity of the maternal adaptation process in the context of autism, which starts before the child’s diagnosis. Stressors, facilitators, and outcomes were described as overlapping in the psychological, social, professional, marital, and parental life domains. The accumulation of stressors was identified as mothers of autistic children’s main source of stress and almost impossible to reduce. Participants explained having difficulties accessing effective facilitators. While outcomes of adaptation vary across mothers and life domains, indicators of distress were identified for all participants. Implications are discussed regarding how service providers and society could better support mothers of autistic children by considering their complex reality and by providing more resources and information.
Limited Evidence of Shared Decision Making for Prostate Cancer Screening in Audio-Recorded Primary Care Visits Among Black Men and their Healthcare Providers
Authors: Stevens Elizabeth R. , Thomas Jerry , Martinez-Lopez Natalia , Fagerlin Angela , Ciprut Shannon , Shedlin Michele , Gold Heather T. , Li Huilin , Davis J. Kelly , Campagna Ada , Bhat Sandeep , Warren Rueben , Ubel Peter , Ravenell Joseph E. , Makarov Danil V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProstate-specific antigen (PSA)-based prostate cancer screening is a preference-sensitive decision for which experts recommend a shared decision making (SDM) approach. This study aimed to examine PSA screening SDM in primary care. Methods included qualitative analysis of audio-recorded patient-provider interactions supplemented by quantitative description. Participants included 5 clinic providers and 13 patients who were: (1) 40–69 years old, (2) Black, (3) male, and (4) attending clinic for routine primary care. Main measures were SDM element themes and “observing patient involvement in decision making” (OPTION) scoring. Some discussions addressed advantages, disadvantages, and/or scientific uncertainty of screening, however, few patients received all SDM elements. Nearly all providers recommended screening, however, only 3 patients were directly asked about screening preferences. Few patients were asked about prostate cancer knowledge (2), urological symptoms (3), or family history (6). Most providers discussed disadvantages (80%) and advantages (80%) of PSA screening. Average OPTION score was 25/100 (range 0–67) per provider. Our study found limited SDM during PSA screening consultations. The counseling that did take place utilized components of SDM but inconsistently and incompletely. We must improve SDM for PSA screening for diverse patient populations to promote health equity. This study highlights the need to improve SDM for PSA screening.