bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation of source, attenuation and site parameters of 2 moderate earthquakes in France: an elastic radiative transfer approach
Authors: Heller G , Margerin L , Sèbe O , Mayor J , Calvet M , Traversa P , Latour S 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARY
An accurate magnitude estimation is necessary to properly evaluate seismic hazard, especially in low to moderate seismicity areas such as Metropolitan France. However, magnitudes of small earthquakes are subject to large uncertainties caused by major high-frequency propagation effects which are generally not properly considered. To address this issue, we developed a method to separate source, attenuation and site parameters from the elastic radiative transfer modelling of the full energy envelopes of seismograms. The key feature of our approach is the treatment of attenuation—both scattering and absorption—in a simple but realistic velocity model of the Earth’s lithosphere, including a velocity discontinuity at the Moho. To reach this goal, we developed a 2-step inversion procedure, allowing first to extract attenuation parameters for each source-station path from the whole observed energy envelope using the Levenberg–Marquardt and grid-search algorithms, then to determine site amplification and the source displacement spectrum from which the moment magnitude Mw is extracted. In the first step, we use the forward modelling procedure of Heller et al. in order to simulate energy envelopes by taking into account the full treatment of wave polarization, the focal mechanism of the source and the scattering anisotropy. The inversion procedure is then applied to the 2019 ML 5.2 Le Teil and 2014 ML 4.5 Lourdes earthquakes which both occurred in southern France. Data from 6 stations are selected for each event. The inversion results confirm a significant variability in the attenuation parameters (scattering and absorption) at regional scale and a strong frequency dependence. Scattering appears to be stronger towards the French Alps and Western Pyrenees. Absorption is stronger as frequency increases. Although not very resolvable, the mechanism of scattering appears to be forward or very forward. By inverting the source spectrum, we determine moment magnitudes Mw of 5.02 ± 0.17 for the Le Teil earthquake and 4.17 ± 0.15 for the Lourdes earthquake.
Towards a coordinated approach for managing accelerated patient access to potentially beneficial medicines: reporting the perspectives of a multi-stakeholder, international workshop
Authors: Phillips Marie , Synnott Patricia , Henshall Chris , Tunis Sean , Sansom Lloyd , Ollendorf Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Accelerated and conditional regulatory pathways for drug approvals are intended to enable earlier patient access to potentially life-saving treatments, or treatments that provide benefits in addressing a significant unmet need. However, there are questions about how well such pathways work, how appropriately they are applied, and how the work of regulators can be better coordinated with that of health technology assessment (HTA) and payer bodies, providers and health systems, and other stakeholders. In June 2023, a multi-stakeholder, international workshop was convened in Adelaide, Australia, to deliberate the challenges, goals, and opportunities to improve accelerated access pathways. Workshop attendees included representatives from patient organizations, regulators, HTA/payer bodies, universities (ethicists, health economists), and companies developing and marketing new medicines from Australia, Asia, Europe, and North America. We reviewed the contents of this workshop to identify areas of agreement and disagreement, report the key themes of the discussion, and delineate next steps for improving accelerated access pathways. We found that there was general agreement among workshop attendees that accelerated access could be improved significantly by strengthening processes for stakeholder coordination, and that coordinated efforts will be required to implement meaningful change moving forward.
Access to insurance navigation support through the State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP)
Authors: Garrido Melissa M , Biko David , Dorneo Allison , Shafer Paul R , Frakt Austin B 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Medicare enrollment is complex, particularly for low-income individuals who are dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid, and the wrong plan choice can adversely impact beneficiaries’ out-of-pocket costs and access to providers and medications. The State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP) is a federal program that provides counseling on Medicare coverage, but the degree to which SHIP services are accessible to low-income beneficiaries is unknown. We interviewed SHIP counselors and coordinators to characterize factors affecting access to and quality of SHIP services for low-income beneficiaries. Availability of volunteers was cited as the primary barrier to SHIP services. Topics related to dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid were frequently covered in counseling sessions, and staff expressed a desire for more training related to Medicaid and integrated-care programs. Our results suggest that additional counselors and increased training on topics relevant to dually eligible individuals may improve SHIP's ability to provide health insurance–related information to low-income Medicare beneficiaries.
Does Phenotypic Integration Promote Convergent Evolution?
Authors: Stayton C Tristan 
Published: May 2024

Synopsis
Phenotypic integration is often perceived as being able to produce convergent evolution in the absence of selection, but specific mechanisms for this process are lacking and a connection has never been empirically demonstrated. A new model of the effect of integration on convergence provides such a mechanism, along with other predictions about the influence of integration on evolutionary patterns. I use simulations and data from three empirical systems—turtle shells, characiform fish, and squirrel mandibles—to investigate the degree to which evolutionary integration is associated with high levels of convergent evolution. Levels of integration were varied in Brownian motion simulations and the resulting amounts of stochastic convergent evolution were quantified. Each empirical system was divided into modules, and the strength of integration, average amount of convergence, phenotypic disparity, and rate of evolution in each module were measured. Results from the simulations and from all three empirical systems converge on a common result: higher levels of phenotypic integration are indeed associated with higher levels of convergence. This is despite a lack of consistent association between the strength of phenotypic integration and evolutionary rate or disparity. The results here are only correlational. Further studies that more closely examine the influence of within-population drivers of evolutionary integration—for example, genetic or developmental integration—on convergence are required before it is possible to definitively establish when phenotypic integration can cause evolutionary convergence. Until then, however, the results of this study strongly suggest that phenotypic integration will often promote convergent evolution.
Anterior–Posterior Wnt Signaling Network Conservation between Indirect Developing Sea Urchin and Hemichordate Embryos
Authors: Fenner Jennifer L , Newberry Callum , Todd Callie , Range Ryan C 
Published: May 2024

Synopsis
How animal body plans evolved and diversified is a major question in evolutionary developmental biology. To address this question, it is important to characterize the exact molecular mechanisms that establish the major embryonic axes that give rise to the adult animal body plan. The anterior–posterior (AP) axis is the first axis to be established in most animal embryos, and in echinoderm sea urchin embryos its formation is governed by an integrated network of three different Wnt signaling pathways: Wnt/β-catenin, Wnt/JNK, and Wnt/PKC pathways. The extent to which this embryonic patterning mechanism is conserved among deuterostomes, or more broadly in metazoans, is an important open question whose answers could lead to a deeper appreciation of the evolution of the AP axis. Because Ambulacrarians (echinoderms and hemichordates) reside in a key phylogenetic position as the sister group to chordates, studies in these animals can help inform on how chordate body plans may have evolved. Here, we assayed the spatiotemporal gene expression of a subset of sea urchin AP Wnt patterning gene orthologs in the hemichordate, Schizocardium californicum. Our results show that positioning of the anterior neuroectoderm (ANE) to a territory around the anterior pole during early AP formation is spatially and temporally similar between indirect developing hemichordates and sea urchins. Furthermore, we show that the expression of wnt8 and frizzled5/8, two known drivers of ANE patterning in sea urchins, is similar in hemichordate embryos. Lastly, our results highlight divergence in embryonic expression of several early expressed Wnt genes (wnt1, wnt2, and wnt4). These results suggest that expression of the sea urchin AP Wnt signaling network is largely conserved in indirect developing hemichordates setting the foundation for future functional studies in S. californicum.
Five Key Strategies for Organizing Interdisciplinary Scientific Events to Strengthen Careers, Collaborations, and Creativity
Authors: Schulz Andrew K , Schwaner M Janneke , Manafzadeh Armita R 
Published: May 2024

Synopsis
Science is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary; the widespread emergence of dedicated interdisciplinary journals, conferences, and graduate programs reflects this trend. Interdisciplinary scientific events are extremely valuable in that they offer opportunities for career advancement, especially among early career researchers, for collaboration beyond traditional disciplinary echo chambers, and for the creative generation of innovative solutions to longstanding scientific problems. However, organizing such events can pose unique challenges due to the intentionality required to meaningfully break down the barriers that separate long-independent disciplines. In this paper, we propose five key strategies for organizing and hosting interdisciplinary scientific events. The recommendations offered here apply both to small symposia aiming to contribute an interdisciplinary component to a larger event and to broad interdisciplinary conferences hosting hundreds or thousands of attendees.
Word Measures on Unitary Groups: Improved Bounds for Small Representations
Authors: Brodsky Yaron 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Let $F$ be a free group of rank $r$ and fix some $w\in F$. For any compact group $G$ we can define a measure $\mu _{w,G}$ on $G$ by (Haar-)uniformly sampling $g_{1},...,g_{r}\in G$ and evaluating $w(g_{1},...,g_{r})$. In [23], Magee and Puder study the behavior of the moments of $\mu _{w,U(n)}$ as a function of $n$, establishing a connection between their asymptotic behavior and certain algebraic invariants of $w$, such as its commutator length. We employ geometric insights to refine their analysis, and show that the asymptotic behavior of the moments is also governed by the primitivity rank of $w$. Additionally, we also apply our methods to prove a special case of a conjecture of Hanany and Puder [13, Conjecture 1.13] regarding the asymptotic behavior of expected values of irreducible characters of $U(n)$ under $\mu _{w,U(n)}$.
Disciplinary Seriousness in International Relations: Towards a Counterpolitics of the Silly Object
Authors: Baspehlivan Uygar , Wedderburn Alister 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
International Relations is a discipline that takes itself seriously. What functions does this posture of seriousness serve? What is at stake in its maintenance and reproduction? And what ways of knowing, understanding, and performing politics are marginalized as a result? This article addresses these questions, drawing on feminist theory in order to show how the discipline’s performances of seriousness have served to exclude particular ways of being and knowing. While some feminists have responded to these exclusions by demanding to be taken seriously, we draw on queer theorists including Lauren Berlant, Jack Halberstam, and Cynthia Weber in order to suggest that IR might profitably benefit from the exploration of other critical and analytical registers. Engaging in what Berlant calls a “counterpolitics of the silly object,” we outline three sites of ontological, epistemological, and methodological intervention that emerge from a counterpolitical embrace of silliness.
Evaluating the accuracy of a state-of-the-art large language model for prediction of admissions from the emergency room
Authors: Glicksberg Benjamin S , Timsina Prem , Patel Dhaval , Sawant Ashwin , Vaid Akhil , Raut Ganesh , Charney Alexander W , Apakama Donald , Carr Brendan G , Freeman Robert , Nadkarni Girish N , Klang Eyal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) can play a critical role in emergency room operations by augmenting decision-making about patient admission. However, there are no studies for LLMs using real-world data and scenarios, in comparison to and being informed by traditional supervised machine learning (ML) models. We evaluated the performance of GPT-4 for predicting patient admissions from emergency department (ED) visits. We compared performance to traditional ML models both naively and when informed by few-shot examples and/or numerical probabilities.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study using electronic health records across 7 NYC hospitals. We trained Bio-Clinical-BERT and XGBoost (XGB) models on unstructured and structured data, respectively, and created an ensemble model reflecting ML performance. We then assessed GPT-4 capabilities in many scenarios: through Zero-shot, Few-shot with and without retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), and with and without ML numerical probabilities.

Results
The Ensemble ML model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.88, an area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.72 and an accuracy of 82.9%. The naïve GPT-4's performance (0.79 AUC, 0.48 AUPRC, and 77.5% accuracy) showed substantial improvement when given limited, relevant data to learn from (ie, RAG) and underlying ML probabilities (0.87 AUC, 0.71 AUPRC, and 83.1% accuracy). Interestingly, RAG alone boosted performance to near peak levels (0.82 AUC, 0.56 AUPRC, and 81.3% accuracy).

Conclusions
The naïve LLM had limited performance but showed significant improvement in predicting ED admissions when supplemented with real-world examples to learn from, particularly through RAG, and/or numerical probabilities from traditional ML models. Its peak performance, although slightly lower than the pure ML model, is noteworthy given its potential for providing reasoning behind predictions. Further refinement of LLMs with real-world data is necessary for successful integration as decision-support tools in care settings.
“Pandemics know no borders,” but Responses to Pandemics Do: Global Health, COVID-19, and Latin America
Authors: Cueto Marcos 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on Brazil and Peru, the Latin American epicenter of the coronavirus pandemic during 2020 and 2021. The pandemic magnified the legacy of years of neoliberal policies, corruption and racism in these countries, the limitations of their poverty-reduction programs, the fragility of their democratic systems, and the insufficient political regard for public health and basic sanitation. I rely on the concepts of negligence and necropolitics. The first refers to the abdication of authorities in providing sufficient basic services to its citizens. The second — coined by Achille Mbembe before the pandemic — is used to explain the banalization by governments of preventable deaths of discriminated social groups. On a global level, the problematic access to medical equipment and vaccines was a failure because of the hoarding of vaccines by rich nations and the blaming of developing countries for their high mortality. The result was that national and international governmental reactions to COVID-19 worsened health asymmetries within countries and between the Global North and South.
D-dimer cut-off value for predicting venous thromboembolism at the initial diagnosis in Japanese patients with advanced lung cancer
Authors: Kawakado Keita , Tsubata Yukari , Hotta Takamasa , Yamasaki Masahiro , Ishikawa Nobuhisa , Masuda Takeshi , Kubota Tetsuya , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Isobe Takeshi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Cancer is a well-known risk factor for venous thromboembolism. The D-dimer level is used to predict venous thromboembolism; however, reports on an appropriate D-dimer cut-off value in Japanese patients with advanced lung cancer are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to calculate the D-dimer cut-off value for venous thromboembolism at the time of lung cancer diagnosis.

Methods
The Rising-venous thromboembolism/NEJ037 study was a multicenter, prospective observational study. Patients with lung cancer who were contraindicated for radical resection or radiation were enrolled and followed up for 2 years. In the present study (jRCT no. 061180025), a receiver operating characteristic curve for D-dimer levels was created using the dataset of the Rising-venous thromboembolism/NEJ037 study.

Results
The Rising-venous thromboembolism/NEJ037 study included a total of 1008 patients, of whom 976, whose D-dimer levels had been measured at the time of cancer diagnosis, were included in the present study. At the time of lung cancer diagnosis, 62 (6.3%) and 914 (93.7%) patients presented with and without venous thromboembolism, respectively. The D-dimer values ranged from 0.1 to 180.1 μg/ml and from 0.1 to 257.2 μg/ml in patients with and without venous thromboembolism, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curve was discriminative with a cut-off value of 3.3 μg/ml and an area under the curve of 0.794 (sensitivity, 0.742; specificity, 0.782; 95% confidence interval, 0.725–0.863).

Conclusions
This is the first study to calculate the D-dimer cut-off value in Japanese patients with advanced lung cancer. Patients with D-dimer levels ≥3.3 μg/ml at the time of initial diagnosis may have coexisting venous thromboembolism.
The correlation between immune-related adverse events and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Fukushima Taito , Kobayashi Satoshi , Ueno Makoto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer treatment by targeting the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed death-1/ligand-1. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors show promising therapeutic efficacy, they often cause immune-related adverse events. Immune-related adverse events differ from the side effects of conventional chemotherapy and require vigilant monitoring. These events predominantly affect organs, such as the colon, liver, lungs, pituitary gland, thyroid and skin, with rare cases affecting the heart, nervous system and other tissues. As immune-related adverse events result from immune activation, indicating the reinvigoration of exhausted immune cells that attack both tumors and normal tissues, it is theoretically possible that immune-related adverse events may signal a better response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Recent retrospective studies have explored the link between immune-related adverse event development and clinical efficacy; however, the predictive value of immune-related adverse events in the immune checkpoint inhibitor response remains unclear. Additionally, studies have focused on immune-related adverse events, timing of onset and immunosuppressive treatments. This review focuses on pivotal studies of the association between immune-related adverse events and outcomes in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Bringing care in: The meaning of care in refugee solidarity movements
Authors: Milan Chiara , Martini Chiara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the meaning that refugee solidarity activists supporting people on the move across the Western Balkans migratory route and at the Italian–French border attribute to the notion of ‘care’, which they use to define their solidarity practices, particularly in the aftermath of the global pandemic. By means of a content analysis of in-depth interviews with representatives of grassroots solidarity groups, the article demonstrates that ‘care’ is conceived of as having a political character, as it responds to both the crisis of health care and the restrictions on freedom of movement; a non-hierarchical connotation, which informs in- and out-group relationships; and a transformative orientation, as acts of care prefigure a society in which freedom of movement and health rights are granted to all, in contrast to the existing model of migration governance.
Engineering the cyanobacterial ATP-driven BCT1 bicarbonate transporter for functional targeting to C3 plant chloroplasts
Authors: Rottet Sarah , Rourke Loraine M , Pabuayon Isaiah C M , Phua Su Yin , Yee Suyan , Weerasooriya Hiruni N , Wang Xiaozhuo , Mehra Himanshu S , Nguyen Nghiem D , Long Benedict M , Moroney James V , Price G Dean 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The ATP-driven bicarbonate transporter 1 (BCT1) from Synechococcus is a four-component complex in the cyanobacterial CO2-concentrating mechanism. BCT1 could enhance photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in plant chloroplasts. However, directing its subunits (CmpA, CmpB, CmpC, and CmpD) to three chloroplast sub-compartments is highly complex. Investigating BCT1 integration into Nicotiana benthamiana chloroplasts revealed promising targeting strategies using transit peptides from the intermembrane space protein Tic22 for correct CmpA targeting, while the transit peptide of the chloroplastic ABCD2 transporter effectively targeted CmpB to the inner envelope membrane. CmpC and CmpD were targeted to the stroma by RecA and recruited to the inner envelope membrane by CmpB. Despite successful targeting, expression of this complex in CO2-dependent Escherichia coli failed to demonstrate bicarbonate uptake. We then used rational design and directed evolution to generate new BCT1 forms that were constitutively active. Several mutants were recovered, including a CmpCD fusion. Selected mutants were further characterized and stably expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, but the transformed plants did not have higher carbon assimilation rates or decreased CO2 compensation points in mature leaves. While further analysis is required, this directed evolution and heterologous testing approach presents potential for iterative modification and assessment of CO2-concentrating mechanism components to improve plant photosynthesis.
Regulation of seed dormancy by histone post-translational modifications in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Nogueira do Amaral Marcelo , Tognacca Rocío S , Auge Gabriela A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Plants synchronize their growth and development with environmental changes, which is critical for their survival. Among their life cycle transitions, seed germination is key for ensuring the survival and optimal growth of the next generation. However, even under favorable conditions, often germination can be blocked by seed dormancy, a regulatory multilayered checkpoint integrating internal and external signals. Intricate genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlie seed dormancy establishment, maintenance, and release. In this review, we focus on recent advances that shed light on the complex mechanisms associated with physiological dormancy, prevalent in seed plants, with Arabidopsis thaliana serving as a model. Here, we summarize the role of multiple epigenetic regulators, but with a focus on histone modifications such as acetylation and methylation, that finely tune dormancy responses and influence dormancy-associated gene expression. Understanding these mechanisms can lead to a better understanding of seed biology in general, as well as resulting in the identification of possible targets for breeding climate-resilient plants.