bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and classification of thyroid follicular lesions based on nuclear structure from histopathology images
Authors: Wang Wei , Ozolek John A. , Rohde Gustavo K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFollicular lesions of the thyroid are traditionally difficult and tedious challenges in diagnostic surgical pathology in part due to lack of obvious discriminatory cytological and microarchitectural features. We describe a computerized method to detect and classify follicular adenoma of the thyroid, follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, and normal thyroid based on the nuclear chromatin distribution from digital images of tissue obtained by routine histological methods. Our method is based on determining whether a set of nuclei, obtained from histological images using automated image segmentation, is most similar to sets of nuclei obtained from normal or diseased tissues. This comparison is performed utilizing numerical features, a support vector machine, and a simple voting strategy. We also describe novel methods to identify unique and defining chromatin patterns pertaining to each class. Unlike previous attempts in detecting and classifying these thyroid lesions using computational imaging, our results show that our method can automatically classify the data pertaining to 10 different human cases with 100% accuracy after blind cross validation using at most 43 nuclei randomly selected from each patient. We conclude that nuclear structure alone contains enough information to automatically classify the normal thyroid, follicular carcinoma, and follicular adenoma, as long as groups of nuclei (instead of individual ones) are used. We also conclude that the distribution of nuclear size and chromatin concentration (how tightly packed it is) seem to be discriminating features between nuclei of follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, and normal thyroid. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Rapid and quantitative detection of Legionella pneumophila applying immunomagnetic separation and flow cytometry
Authors: Füchslin Hans Peter , Kötzsch Stefan , Keserue Hans‐Anton , Egli Thomas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLegionella is a pathogenic bacterium that establishes and proliferates well in water storage and distribution systems. Worldwide it is responsible for numerous outbreaks of legionellosis, which can be fatal. Despite recent advances in molecular and immunological methods, the official, internationally accepted detection method for Legionella spp. in water samples (ISO 11371) is still based on cultivation. This method has major disadvantages such as a long assay time of 10 days and the detection of cultivable cells only. Therefore, we developed a cultivation‐independent, quantitative, and fast detection method for Legionella pneumophila in water samples. It consists of four steps, starting with (1) a concentrating step, in which cells present in one litre of water are concentrated into 5 ml by filtration (pore size 0.45 μm), (2) then cells are resuspended with sterile filtered buffer and double‐stained with FITC‐ and Alexa‐conjugated Legionella‐specific antibodies, (3) subsequently, the cells are immunomagnetically caught, and (4) finally, fluorescently labeled Legionella cells were flow cytometrically detected and quantified. The efficiency of each step was tested separately. The whole method allows detection of L. pneumophila in 180 min with a detection limit of around 500 cells/l and a recovery of Legionella cells of 52.1 % out of spiked tap water. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometric cell‐counting correlated well. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Bacterial protein kinase inhibitors
Authors: Kurosu Michio , Begari Eeshwaraiah 
Published: January 2010

AbstractProtein kinases have become the second most important group of drug targets for the pharmaceutical industry next to G‐protein‐coupled receptors. Thus, over the past decade, a significant number of small molecules have been generated for protein kinase drug optimization programs. The vast majority of kinase inhibitors target the ATP binding site of the enzyme; however, the poor protein kinase selectivity of ATP‐competitive protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) limits their use for treating chronic diseases. In contrast, for inhibitors of bacterial signal transduction systems targeting bacterial kinase(s), there are no such selectivity requirements as long as the inhibitor does not act on any human kinases at the effective concentrations for killing bacteria in vivo. Protein phosphorylation in bacteria is performed by two‐component signal transduction systems (2CSTSs) and eukaryotic‐like serine/threonine kinases or bacterial tyrosine kinases. Recently, a large number of studies of protein kinases essential for sustaining bacterial growth and kinases required for virulence have been reported. Thus, bacterial protein kinases offer considerable potential as new drug targets. To identify bacterial PKIs, large chemical libraries of ATP‐competitive inhibitors developed for eukaryotic protein kinases are an invaluable asset. This manuscript reviews progress on the development of prokaryotic protein kinase inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The new market for volatility trading
Authors: Zhang Jin E. , Shu Jinghong , Brenner Menachem 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study analyses the new market for trading volatility; VIX futures. We first use market data to establish the relationship between VIX futures prices and the index itself. We observe that VIX futures and VIX are highly correlated; the term structure of average VIX futures prices is upward sloping, whereas the term structure of VIX futures volatility is downward sloping. To establish a theoretical relationship between VIX futures and VIX, we model the instantaneous variance using a simple square root mean‐reverting process with a stochastic long‐term mean level. Using daily calibrated long‐term mean and VIX, the model gives good predictions of VIX futures prices under normal market situation. These parameter estimates could be used to price VIX options. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:809–833, 2010
Currency option pricing: Mean reversion and multi‐scale stochastic volatility
Authors: Wong Hoi Ying , Zhao Jing 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates the valuation of currency options when the underlying currency follows a mean‐reverting lognormal process with multi‐scale stochastic volatility. A closed‐form solution is derived for the characteristic function of the log‐asset price. European options are then valued by means of the Fourier inversion formula. The proposed model enables us to calibrate simultaneously to the observed currency futures and the implied volatility surface of the currency options within a unified framework. The fractional fast Fourier transform (FFT) is adopted to implement the Fourier inversion, thus ensuring that the grid spacing restriction of the standard FFT can be relaxed, which results in a more efficient computation. Using Monte Carlo simulation as a benchmark, our numerical examples show that the derived option pricing formula is accurate and efficient for practical use. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:938–956, 2010
Interleukins 1α and 1β secreted by some melanoma cell lines strongly reduce expression of MITF‐M and melanocyte differentiation antigens
Authors: Kholmanskikh Olga , van Baren Nicolas , Brasseur Francis , Ottaviani Sabrina , Vanacker Julie , Arts Nathalie , van der Bruggen Pierre , Coulie Pierre , De Plaen Etienne 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe report that melanoma cell lines expressing the interleukin‐1 receptor exhibit 4‐ to 10‐fold lower levels of mRNA of microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF‐M) when treated with interleukin‐1β. This effect is NF‐κB and JNK‐dependent. MITF‐M regulates the expression of melanocyte differentiation genes such as MLANA, tyrosinase and gp100, which encode antigens recognized on melanoma cells by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. Accordingly, treating some melanoma cells with IL‐1β reduced by 40–100% their ability to activate such antimelanoma cytolytic T lymphocytes. Finally, we observed large amounts of biologically active IL‐1α or IL‐1β secreted by two melanoma cell lines that did not express MITF‐M, suggesting an autocrine MITF‐M downregulation. We estimate that ∼13% of melanoma cell lines are MITF‐M‐negative and secrete IL‐1 cytokines. These results indicate that the repression of melanocyte‐differentiation genes by IL‐1 produced by stromal cells or by tumor cells themselves may represent an additional mechanism of melanoma immune escape.
α5β1 integrin antagonists reduce chemotherapy‐induced premature senescence and facilitate apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Martinkova Eva , Maglott Anne , Leger David Y. , Bonnet Dominique , Stiborova Marie , Takeda Ken , Martin Sophie , Dontenwill Monique 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe α5β1 integrin represent a new therapeutic target for glioblastoma, which are malignant brain tumors difficult to cure with conventional therapies. Glioblastoma are known to be highly resistant to chemotherapy. We, therefore, investigated whether blocking α5β1 integrin with specific nonpeptidic antagonists concomitantly with chemotherapy (ellipticine and temozolomide) may impact the response to chemotherapy of human glioblastoma. Here we show that inhibiting α5β1 integrin with 2 selective ligands (SJ749 and K34c) decreases chemotherapy‐induced premature senescence and facilitates cell apoptosis in a functional p53 background (U87MG cells). When p53 is mutated and inactive (U373 cells), chemotherapy induces p53‐independent cell apoptosis instead of senescence that is not improved by integrin antagonists. Silencing p53 in U87MG cells with siRNA as well as evaluating HCT116 p53+/+ and p53−/− colon carcinoma cell behavior support the hypothesis of an as yet unknown effect of α5β1 integrin antagonists on the control of chemotherapy‐induced premature senescence and apoptosis. α5β1 integrin antagonists modulate the p53 signaling induced by chemotherapy. Our results highlight a new role of the α5β1 integrin in the control of glioblastoma aggressiveness and responsiveness to chemotherapy, which may have a crucial impact in the clinical management of patients suffering from brain tumors.
Upregulation of REG Iα accelerates tumor progression in pancreatic cancer with diabetes
Authors: Zhou Lin , Zhang Ruifeng , Wang Lishun , Shen Shaoming , Okamoto Hiroshi , Sugawara Akira , Xia Li , Wang Xiaoling , Noguchi Naoya , Yoshikawa Takeo , Uruno Akira , Yao Weiyan , Yuan Yaozong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDiabetes is now generally accepted as a crucial event in the process of pancreatic cancer (PaC). However, molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between diabetes and PaC are not fully understood. Regenerating gene (REG) Iα is a growth factor affecting pancreatic islet beta cells, and it has been shown to be involved in the carcinogenesis in gastrointestinal tract. It is rational to speculate that REG Iα plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of PaC with diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the REG Iα protein expression profile in PaC with and without diabetes, and define the contribution of REG Iα on PaC development. We found that REG Iα protein preferentially expressed in cancerous tissues of PaC patients with diabetes by Western blot. REG Iα positive cancer cells in PaC with diabetes (n = 38) was significantly higher than that in subjects without diabetes (n = 42, p < 0.05) by immunohistochemical analysis. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of REG Iα protein in PaC cell lines resulted in accelerated cell proliferation and consequently tumor growth, both in vitro and in vivo. The findings suggest that REG Iα may act as one of the tumor promoter and contribute to the aggressive nature of PaC, especially in the subpopulation with diabetes. This study would shed new insights for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the link between diabetes and PaC.
Insights on distinct pathways of thiazolidinediones (PPARγ ligand)‐promoted apoptosis in TRAIL‐sensitive or ‐resistant malignant urothelial cells
Authors: Plissonnier Marie Laure , Fauconnet Sylvie , Bittard Hugues , Lascombe Isabelle 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThiazolidinediones, including rosiglitazone and troglitazone, are insulin‐sensitizing drugs and high‐affinity ligands for the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Apart from their antidiabetic activity, these molecules possess antitumor properties. We investigated their potential apoptotic effects on RT4 (derived from a well‐differentiated Grade I papillary tumor) and T24 (derived from an undifferentiated Grade III carcinoma) bladder cancer cells. Rosiglitazone induced G2/M or G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in RT4 and T24 cells, respectively. Only troglitazone triggered apoptosis via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in both cell lines. Interestingly, rosiglitazone amplified TRAIL‐induced apoptosis in TRAIL‐sensitive RT4 cells or let TRAIL‐resistant T24 cells to respond to TRAIL. Thiazolidinediones acted through PPARγ activation‐independent mechanisms. The underlying mechanisms involved for the first time in cancer cells the upregulation of soluble and/or membrane‐bound TRAIL. This was associated with increased cell surface death receptor 5 expression and c‐FLIP and survivin downregulation, mediated in part through proteasome‐dependent degradation in troglitazone‐promoted cell death. Therefore, the combination of rosiglitazone and TRAIL could be clinically relevant as chemopreventive or therapeutic agents for the treatment of TRAIL‐resistant high‐grade urothelial cancers.
Partial covering arrays and a generalized Erdös‐Ko‐Rado property
Authors: Carey Particia A. , Godbole Anant P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe classical Erdös–Ko–Rado theorem states that if k⩽⌊n/2⌋ then the largest family of pairwise intersecting k‐subsets of [n]={1, …, n} is of size \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${{{n}}}{-}{{{1}}}\choose{{{{k}}}{-}{{{1}}}}$\end{document}. A family of k subsets satisfying this pairwise intersecting property is called an EKR family. We generalize the EKR property and provide asymptotic lower bounds on the size of the largest family 𝒜 of k‐subsets of [n] that satisfies the following property: For each A, B, C∈𝒜, each of the four sets A∩B∩C; A∩B∩
C̃; A∩B̃∩C; Ã∩B∩C are non‐empty. This generalized EKR (GEKR) property is motivated, generalizations are suggested, and a comparison is made with fixed weight 3‐covering arrays. Our techniques are probabilistic, and reminiscent of those used in (A. Godbole, D. Skipper, and R. Sunley, Comb Prob Computing 5 (1996), 105–118) and in the work of Roux, as cited in (N. J. A. Sloane, J Comb Designs 1 (1993), 51–63). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 18: 155–166, 2010
A class of symmetric graphs with 2‐arc transitive quotients
Authors: Jia Bin , Lu Zai Ping , Wang Gai Xia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLet Γ be an X‐symmetric graph admitting an X‐invariant partition ℬ︁ on V(Γ) such that Γℬ︁ is connected and (X, 2)‐arc transitive. A characterization of (Γ, X, ℬ︁) was given in [S. Zhou Eur J Comb 23 (2002), 741–760] for the case where |B|>|Γ(C)∩B|=2 for an arc (B, C) of Γℬ︁.We con‐sider in this article the case where |B|>|Γ(C)∩B|=3, and prove that Γ can be constructed from a 2‐arc transitive graph of valency 4 or 7 unless its connected components are isomorphic to 3K2, C6 or K3, 3. As a byproduct, we prove that each connected tetravalent (X, 2)‐transitive graph is either the complete graph K5 or a near n‐gonal graph for some n⩾4. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65: 232–245, 2010
Cycles of even lengths modulo k
Authors: Diwan Ajit A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThomassen [J Graph Theory 7 (1983), 261–271] conjectured that for all positive integers k and m, every graph of minimum degree at least k+1 contains a cycle of length congruent to 2m modulo k. We prove that this is true for k⩾2 if the minimum degree is at least 2k−1, which improves the previously known bound of 3k−2. We also show that Thomassen's conjecture is true for m = 2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65: 246–252, 2010
Cubicity of interval graphs and the claw number
Authors: Adiga Abhijin , Chandran L. Sunil 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLet G(V, E) be a simple, undirected graph where V is the set of vertices and E is the set of edges. A b‐dimensional cube is a Cartesian product I1×I2×···×Ib, where each Ii is a closed interval of unit length on the real line. The cubicity of G, denoted by cub(G), is the minimum positive integer b such that the vertices in G can be mapped to axis parallel b‐dimensional cubes in such a way that two vertices are adjacent in G if and only if their assigned cubes intersect. An interval graph is a graph that can be represented as the intersection of intervals on the real line—i.e. the vertices of an interval graph can be mapped to intervals on the real line such that two vertices are adjacent if and only if their corresponding intervals overlap. Suppose S(m) denotes a star graph on m+1 nodes. We define claw number ψ(G) of the graph to be the largest positive integer m such that S(m) is an induced subgraph of G. It can be easily shown that the cubicity of any graph is at least ⌈log2ψ(G)⌉. In this article, we show that for an interval graph G ⌈log2ψ(G)⌉⩽cub(G)⩽⌈log2ψ(G)⌉+2. It is not clear whether the upper bound of ⌈log2ψ(G)⌉+2 is tight: till now we are unable to find any interval graph with cub(G)>⌈log2ψ(G)⌉. We also show that for an interval graph G, cub(G)⩽⌈log2α⌉, where α is the independence number of G. Therefore, in the special case of ψ(G)=α, cub(G) is exactly ⌈log2α2⌉. The concept of cubicity can be generalized by considering boxes instead of cubes. A b‐dimensional box is a Cartesian product I1×I2×···×Ib, where each Ii is a closed interval on the real line. The boxicity of a graph, denoted box(G), is the minimum k such that G is the intersection graph of k‐dimensional boxes. It is clear that box(G)⩽cub(G). From the above result, it follows that for any graph G, cub(G)⩽box(G)⌈log2α⌉. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65: 323–333, 2010
Beyond top‐down and bottom‐up work redesign: Customizing job content through idiosyncratic deals
Authors: Hornung Severin , Rousseau Denise M. , Glaser Jürgen , Angerer Peter , Weigl Matthias 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTwo established approaches to work redesign are formal top‐down interventions and proactive bottom‐up job crafting. Top‐down approaches are limited in their ability to create individually optimized work characteristics, whereas bottom‐up processes are constrained by the latitude workers have to modify their own jobs. Following recent research on the idiosyncratic deals (i‐deals) individuals negotiate with their employer, task i‐deals customizing job content are suggested as a third approach to work redesign. Hypotheses on antecedents and consequences of task i‐deals were tested in two studies conducted in the United States and Germany using structural equation modeling. LMX related positively to the extent of successfully negotiated task i‐deals, which, in turn, was associated with a more positive evaluation of work characteristics—specifically, higher complexity and control and lower stressors. Work characteristics mediated positive indirect effects of task i‐deals on employee initiative and work engagement. Denied requests for task i‐deals were associated with a more negative assessment of work characteristics. We conclude with theoretical, practical, and research implications for better understanding and implementing work redesign through i‐deals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceiving and responding to challenges in job crafting at different ranks: When proactivity requires adaptivity
Authors: Berg Justin M. , Wrzesniewski Amy , Dutton Jane E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe utilize a qualitative study of 33 employees in for‐profit and non‐profit organizations to elaborate theory on job crafting. We specifically focus on how employees at different ranks describe perceiving and adapting to challenges in the execution of job crafting. Elaborating the challenges employees perceive in job crafting and their responses to them details the adaptive action that may be necessary for job crafting to occur. Specifically, our findings suggest that higher‐rank employees tend to see the challenges they face in job crafting as located in their own expectations of how they and others should spend their time, while lower‐rank employees tend to see their challenges as located in their prescribed jobs and others' expectations of them. The nature of each group's perceived challenges is related to the adaptive moves that they make to overcome them, such that higher‐rank employees adapt their own expectations and behaviors to make do with perceived opportunities to job craft at work, while lower‐rank employees adapt others' expectations and behaviors to create opportunities to job craft. Our elaborated theory presents a socially embedded account of job crafting as a proactive and adaptive process that is shaped by employees' structural location in the organization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Friends, not foes?: Work design and formalization in the modern work context
Authors: Juillerat Tina L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractScholars have long debated the advantages and disadvantages of formalization. Although many researchers have suggested that formalization is likely to be disadvantageous in the dynamic environments currently faced by organizations and employees, formalization appears to be increasingly pervasive in modern organizations. Since scholars have suggested that the effects of formalization may depend on the way it is implemented, I examine work design as a key contingency for the successful implementation of formalization. Based on examination and integration of work design, organizational theory, and cognitive perspectives, I conclude that formalization is actually more advantageous and viable in the current work context. However, neither work design nor formalization individually is sufficient for organizations seeking to cope with current challenges. Rather, both interact and thus represent key levers for organizations seeking to thrive in the modern work context. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Putting job design in context: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Grant Adam M. , Fried Yitzhak , Parker Sharon K. , Frese Michael 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis special issue introduces new cross‐disciplinary, cross‐level, and cross‐cultural perspectives on job design. The authors examine job design from the viewpoints of organizational behavior, sociology, economics, corporate strategy, entrepreneurship, and evolutionary psychology. They consider job design in the context of interpersonal interactions, teams, leadership, networks, occupations, organizational structures, national cultures, and institutional fields. They explore how employees take initiative to craft their jobs, negotiate idiosyncratic deals, and navigate entrepreneurial roles, corporate director roles, executive roles, and careers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.