bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide laser photoablation adjunctive therapy following superficial lamellar keratectomy and bulbar conjunctivectomy for the treatment of corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma in horses: a review of 24 cases
Authors: Michau Tammy M. , Davidson Michael G. , Gilger Brian C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjective To determine the complications and nonrecurrence rates following superficial lamellar keratectomy, bulbar conjunctivectomy, and adjunctive carbon dioxide (CO2) photoablation for corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the horse.Study design Retrospective study.Sample population Twenty‐four horses with corneolimbal SCC.Procedure Medical records of horses diagnosed with corneolimbal SCC that was surgically excised and where CO2photoablation was used as an adjunctive therapy from 2000 to 2007 were reviewed. Signalment, prior therapy, tumor location and size, complications, and recurrence of SCC were recorded.Results The Thoroughbred was the most commonly (25%) represented breed. Lesions were >10 mm in diameter in 70.8% of cases. Eight horses (33.3%) had neoplastic cells extending to the deep margin of the keratectomy. All horses were available for follow‐up for an average ± standard deviation of 40.7 ± 25 months. Four horses (16.7%) developed a recurrence of SCC. Three of these four horses underwent repeat keratectomy and CO2photoablation, one each, at 4 months, 1, and 2 years following the initial procedure. One horse underwent enucleation 8 months following the initial procedure.Conclusions and clinical relevance As an adjunctive therapy, CO2photoablation was successful in 87.5% of the horses following a single procedure and in a total of 91.7% following a second therapeutic application. CO2photoablation appears to be effective as an adjunctive therapy following removal of large corneolimbal SCC in the horse and in cases in which all tumor cells were not excised.
The environment and social work: An overview and introduction
Authors: Coates John , Gray Mel 
Published: December 2011

Coates J, Gray M. The environment and social work: An overview and introductionThis article provides an overview and analysis of social work's engagement with the modern environmental movement. Major trends and themes in environmental social work scholarship and the significance of interdisciplinarity are discussed. Attention is drawn to the importance of a broad knowledge base and of working in unison with other professions in order to respond effectively to the many dimensions of climate change and environmental degradation. Responding to the challenges of environmental destruction has opened opportunities for the profession to review its foundational knowledge and obligations to people and environments. The articles in this Special Issue are introduced and include theoretical frameworks, examples and case studies of what social workers are doing, or might do, in relation to environmental and educational initiatives.
Building capacity for environmental engagement and leadership: An ecosocial work perspective
Authors: Lysack Mishka 
Published: December 2011

Lysack M. Building capacity for environmental engagement and leadership: an ecosocial work perspectiveIn the context of accelerating environmental decline and climate change, this article explores the opportunities for building capacity for leadership within the faith communities to advocate for the protection of the climate and environment. The author discusses the tools for building capacity through faith‐based environmental education to equip members of faith communities to move from being passive consumers to active environmental citizens. The ways in which ecosocial workers, particularly those interested in religion and spirituality, could play a role in facilitating the emergence of leadership capacity within faith communities to care and advocate for the earth are also examined. The article highlights the theoretical resources and practices of community engagement and public education that ecosocial workers could contribute to this project of building a broad ethically centred environmental movement.
The relationship between social work and environmental sustainability: Implications for interdisciplinary practice
Authors: Schmitz Cathryne L. , Matyók Tom , Sloan Lacey M. , James Channelle 
Published: December 2011

Schmitz CL, Matyók T, James C, Sloan LM. The relationship between social work and environmental sustainability: Implications for interdisciplinary practiceThe Brundtland Commission, formally the World Commission on Environment and Development, established by the United Nations in 1983, links peace, security, development and the environment claiming that war, poverty and structural violence result in the oppression and degradation of the human community as well as the physical environment. Likewise, human rights and social and environmental justice are intertwined, and social work, as a profession that collaborates across disciplines and within communities, is uniquely situated to provide leadership in the field of environmental studies. Its strong focus on human rights, social justice and community building creates a sound base from which to engage in the collaborative, creative, interactional processes required for environmental practice. This article seeks to discern a model for environmental social work within the context of interdisciplinary practice with peace and conflict workers and through the integration of inclusive models of economic development.
Superoxide‐lowering therapy with TEMPOL reverses arterial dysfunction with aging in mice
Authors: Fleenor Bradley S. , Seals Douglas R. , Zigler Melanie L. , Sindler Amy L. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryTo test the hypothesis that the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic TEMPOL improves arterial aging, young (Y, 4–6 months) and old (O, 26–28 months) male C57BL6 mice received regular or TEMPOL‐supplemented (1mM) drinking water for 3 weeks (n = 8 per group). Aortic superoxide was 65% greater in O (P < 0.05 vs. Y), which was normalized by TEMPOL. O had large elastic artery stiffening, as indicated by greater aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV, 508 ± 22 vs. 418 ± 22 AU), which was associated with increased adventitial collagen I expression (P < 0.05 vs. Y). TEMPOL reversed the age‐associated increases in aPWV (434 ± 21 AU) and collagen in vivo, and SOD reversed the increases in collagen I in adventitial fibroblasts from older rats in vitro. Isolated carotid arteries of O had impaired endothelial function as indicated by reduced acetylcholine‐stimulated endothelium‐dependent dilation (EDD) (75.6 ± 3.2 vs. 94.5 ± 2.0%) mediated by reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability (l‐NAME) associated with decreased endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression (P < 0.05 vs. Y). TEMPOL restored EDD (94.5 ± 1.4%), NO bioavailability and eNOS in O. Nitrotyrosine and expression of NADPH oxidase were ∼100–200% greater, and MnSOD was ∼75% lower in O (P < 0.05 vs. Y). TEMPOL normalized nitrotyrosine and NADPH oxidase in O, without affecting MnSOD. Aortic pro‐inflammatory cytokines were greater in O (P < 0.05 vs. Y) and normalized by TEMPOL. Short‐term treatment of excessive superoxide with TEMPOL ameliorates large elastic artery stiffening and endothelial dysfunction with aging, and this is associated with normalization of arterial collagen I, eNOS, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
PKC‐dependent activation of human K2P18.1 K+ channels
Authors: Rahm Ann‐Kathrin , Gierten Jakob , Kisselbach Jana , Staudacher Ingo , Staudacher Kathrin , Schweizer Patrick A , Becker Rüdiger , Katus Hugo A , Thomas Dierk 
Published: December 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Two‐pore‐domain K+ channels (K2P) mediate K+ background currents that modulate the membrane potential of excitable cells. K2P18.1 (TWIK‐related spinal cord K+ channel) provides hyperpolarizing background currents in neurons. Recently, a dominant‐negative loss‐of‐function mutation in K2P18.1 has been implicated in migraine, and activation of K2P18.1 channels was proposed as a therapeutic strategy. Here we elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying PKC‐dependent activation of K2P18.1 currents.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human K2P18.1 channels were heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and currents were recorded with the two‐electrode voltage clamp technique.KEY RESULTS Stimulation of PKC using phorbol 12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA) activated the hK2P18.1 current by 3.1‐fold in a concentration‐dependent fashion. The inactive analogue 4α‐PMA had no effect on channel activity. The specific PKC inhibitors bisindolylmaleimide I, Ro‐32‐0432 and chelerythrine reduced PMA‐induced channel activation indicating that PKC is involved in this effect of PMA. Selective activation of conventional PKC isoforms with thymeleatoxin (100 nM) did not reproduce K2P18.1 channel activation. Current activation by PMA was not affected by pretreatment with CsA (calcineurin inhibitor) or KT 5720 (PKA inhibitor), ruling out a significant contribution of calcineurin or cross‐talk with PKA to the PKC‐dependent hK2P18.1 activation. Finally, mutation of putative PKC phosphorylation sites did not prevent PMA‐induced K2P18.1 channel activation.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We demonstrated that activation of hK2P18.1 (TRESK) by PMA is mediated by PKC stimulation. Hence, PKC‐mediated activation of K2P18.1 background currents may serve as a novel molecular target for migraine treatment.
Structure and diversity of bacterial, eukaryotic and archaeal communities in glacial cryoconite holes from the Arctic and the Antarctic
Authors: Cameron Karen A. , Hodson Andrew J. , Osborn A. Mark 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe cryosphere presents some of the most challenging conditions for life on earth. Nevertheless, (micro)biota survive in a range of niches in glacial systems, including water-filled depressions on glacial surfaces termed cryoconite holes (centimetre to metre in diameter and up to 0.5 m deep) that contain dark granular material (cryoconite). In this study, the structure of bacterial and eukaryotic cryoconite communities from ten different locations in the Arctic and Antarctica was compared using T-RFLP analysis of rRNA genes. Community structure varied with geography, with greatest differences seen between communities from the Arctic and the Antarctic. DNA sequencing of rRNA genes revealed considerable diversity, with individual cryoconite hole communities containing between six and eight bacterial phyla and five and eight eukaryotic ‘first-rank’ taxa and including both bacterial and eukaryotic photoautotrophs. Bacterial Firmicutes and Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria, eukaryotic Rhizaria, Haptophyta, Choanomonada and Centroheliozoa, and archaea were identified for the first time in cryoconite ecosystems. Archaea were only found within Antarctic locations, with the majority of sequences (77%) related to members of the Thaumarchaeota. In conclusion, this research has revealed that Antarctic and Arctic cryoconite holes harbour geographically distinct highly diverse communities and has identified hitherto unknown bacterial, eukaryotic and archaeal taxa, therein.
Restructuring an undergraduate dental curriculum to global standards – a case study in an Indian dental school
Authors: Kadagad P. , Tekian A. , Pinto P. X. , Jirge V. L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGlobalisation has affected all aspects of life and dentistry is no exception. In the context of today's dentist being a global citizen, undergraduate training in dentistry is set to ensure converging standards so that international recognition of dental qualifications can move forward. The decision of the Dental Council of India to expand the undergraduate dental program to five years provides an opportunity to be part of the endeavor of the Global Dental Congress to achieve converging standards which was initially for the European Union, and now spreading out globally. Economic emergence in Indian subcontinent has resulted in growing oral health care needs both in quality and quantity. To address this issue, the graduating dentist needs to be trained following a competency based curricular model.Access to Internet facilitated the goal of achieving converging standards of dental schools to be feasible because of the instant communication and capacity to share information about training strategies via technology across the globe. Upgrading the undergraduate training to global standards by dental schools in India could be a wise and strategic move both for attracting students to study in India, as well as retaining the graduates after their training. The following is a case study of an Indian dental school set to restructure the undergraduate curriculum to global standards using the 8 steps of Kotter's transformational change. Change in curriculum and the subsequent accreditation of the school in global platform not only attracts prospective students but also results in producing competent dentists. Dental education provided by the institution can result in quality assurance, benchmarking the assessment system to achieve international recognition. This paper highlights the need and importance of facilitation of international convergence with long term aspirations for mutual recognition of international degrees.
Challenging Behavior Training for Teaching Staff and Family Carers of Children With Intellectual Disabilities: A Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Gore Nick , Umizawa Hiromi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTraining programs on the topic of challenging behaviors have often been offered to teaching staff and family carers of children with intellectual disabilities (ID). These efforts have been found to be effective in bringing about positive changes for both children with ID and those who support them. Generally, such training has been offered to either staff or family carers but not at the same time. The authors conducted a study to evaluate the efficacy of a brief training program delivered at the same time to teaching staff and family carers (who were involved with the same child). The study also examined differences in outcomes between the two groups, which were drawn from local schools where some children exhibited challenging behaviors. Both teaching staff and family carers completed the Checklist of Challenging Behaviour, the Challenging Behaviour Attributions Scale, and the Emotional Reactions to Challenging Behaviour Scale prior to, and following, the training workshops. The workshops were divided into two segments. The content was the same, but in the first segment, one was held for teaching staff and one for parent carers. In the second segment, both groups met together. After the first segment, all participants completed a related homework task before joining each other for the second segment. Training used a functional model of challenging behavior and facilitated the production of individualized support plans for the target children. Significant positive changes were found regarding ratings of challenging behavior, participants' causal attributions, and emotional reactions following the training. Some differences were found regarding outcomes for teaching staff vs. family carers. The study showed that teaching staff and family carers can benefit from receiving combined training to support challenging behavior in children with ID.
A Demonstration of Helping Adolescents With Mild Intellectual Disability Climb Ladders
Authors: Chan Kok Hoe Anthony , Lakshmi Varahan Jayashree , Loh Peng Loong Daniel , Tan Sey Ing 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA research team at a vocational school in Singapore, catering mainly to students between the ages of 17–21 with mild intellectual disability, studied how to best address the challenge of enabling students to learn how to climb ladders (a skill necessary at many job placements). They documented the approach used and suggested extrapolations and scalability for similar problems. An exploratory approach was adopted for tackling the training program. The students in the study with motor or anxiety issues required shorter periods of intervention, and prognosis of success in intervention was higher compared with students with a history of fear or phobic experiences. Mapping the process helped enhance the understanding of the support and intervention modality needed by occupational therapists and psychologists to provide information to the staff in the vocational disciplines with the means to enable such motor and dexterity skills. Future studies should involve determining if the process is applicable to difficulties in other vocational task issues or with other phobic activities that involve both psychomotor and psychological issues.
Endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: the role of prophylactic postoperative chloramphenicol eye drops
Authors: Råen Marianne , Sandvik Gunhild Falleth , Drolsum Liv 
Published: December 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  The main aim of the study was to assess whether omitting prophylactic postoperative topical antibiotics (chloramphenicol) influenced the risk of developing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.Methods:  We conducted a retrospective study including all patients who had cataract surgery at our outpatient cataract unit between 2004 and 2011. Postoperative topical antibiotics (chloramphenicol) were omitted from 2007 onwards, as was the first postoperative day review. Patients with a diagnosis of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery were extracted, and the rate of postoperative endophthalmitis (PE) before and after changing these routines was compared. The diagnosis of PE was defined as severe intraocular inflammation requiring prompt vitreous sampling for culture.Results:  Seven thousand one hundred and twenty‐three and 8131 cataract surgeries were performed in the following periods: January 2004 through December 2006 (period 1) and January 2007 through December 2010 (period 2), respectively. Five cases of PE were identified in period 1 (0.070%) and four patients in period 2 (0.049%). The median time between cataract surgery and onset of symptoms was 6 days in period 1 and 4.5 days in period 2. Median time for intervention was 7 and 5 days postsurgery, respectively.Conclusion:  We found no difference in the frequency of PE following cataract surgery when changing the postoperative topical medication from a mixture of corticosteroids and antibiotics to only corticosteroids.
Recent trend of clinical features in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nagaoki Yuko , Hyogo Hideyuki , Aikata Hiroshi , Tanaka Mio , Naeshiro Noriaki , Nakahara Takashi , Honda Yoji , Miyaki Daisuke , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Takaki Shintaro , Hiramatsu Akira , Waki Koji , Imamura Michio , Kawakami Yoshiiku , Takahashi Shoichi , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: December 2011

Aim:  In this study, we evaluated the clinical characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because the etiology of HCC has been changing recently.Methods:  Consecutive 1374 HCC patients at our institution from 1995 to 2009 were enrolled and clinical characteristics were investigated.Results:  Seventeen percent and 67% of HCC were related to hepatitis B virus (HBV‐HCC) and hepatitis C virus (HCV‐HCC), respectively. Fifteen percent of that was negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCVAb) (NBNC‐HCC). HCV‐HCC tended to decrease and NBNC‐HCC tended to increase in recent years. Patients with NBNC‐HCC and HCV‐HCC were significantly older than those with HBV‐HCC. The complication rates of diabetes mellitus (DM), heavy alcohol consumption, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in NBNC‐HCC were significantly higher than those in other groups. Furthermore, the platelet counts and body mass index in NBNC‐HCC were significantly higher than those of other groups. Among 209 NBNC‐HCC patients, 58 patients underwent hepatic resection in which 29%, 36%, and 35% of those were based on non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), heavy alcohol consumption, and unknown etiology, respectively. DM was prevalent especially in NASH and heavy alcohol consumption. Cirrhosis was detected in 65%, 81%, and 15% in NASH‐HCC, heavy alcohol consumption‐HCC, and unknown etiology, respectively.Conclusions:  NBNC‐HCC has gradually been increasing in recent years. The present study elucidated that the presence of NASH and metabolic syndrome were important risk factors for NBNC‐HCC and suggests that these patients should receive surveillance for HCC development.
Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability, and Arrhythmias in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Rasmussen C.E. , Falk T. , Zois N.E. , Moesgaard S.G. , Häggström J. , Pedersen H.D. , Åblad B. , Nilsen H.Y. , Olsen L.H. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundAutonomic modulation of heart rhythm is thought to influence the pathophysiology of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).Hypotheses(1) Holter‐derived variables reflecting autonomic modulation of heart rhythm change withMMVDseverity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS); (2) Holter‐derived variables can identifyMMVDseverity inCKCS; and (3) Holter‐derived variables inCKCSin congestive heart failure (CHF) secondary toMMVDdiffer from those in dogs of other breeds inCHF.AnimalsNinety privately owned dogs: 70CKCSwith variableMMVDseverity and 20 non‐CKCSinCHFsecondary toMMVD.MethodsDogs were prospectively recruited and divided into 5MMVDseverity groups based on history, breed, and physical and echocardiographic examination findings. Holter‐derived variables included heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate (HR), and arrhythmia evaluated from 24‐hour Holter recordings.ResultsInCKCS, 18 of 26HRV(allP < .0002) and 3 of 9 arrhythmia (allP < .0004) variables decreased with increasingMMVD, whereas minimum and meanHR(allP < .0001) increased with increasingMMVDseverity. An arrhythmia variable representing sinus arrhythmia (“premature normals”) (P < .0001) and theHRVvariable triangular index (TI) (P < .0001) could distinguishCKCSwith moderate or severe mitral regurgitation fromCKCSinCHFin specific intervals. Among dogs inCHF, Holter‐derived variables did not differ among breeds.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceInCKCS, Holter‐derived variables changed withMMVDseverity. “Premature normals” andTIshowed diagnostic potential. Breed differences were not seen among dogs inCHFsecondary toMMVD.
Idiopathic Immune‐Mediated Thrombocytopenia and Recent Vaccination in Dogs
Authors: Huang A.A. , Moore G.E. , Scott‐Moncrieff J.C. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundVaccination is often cited as a potential cause of immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) in dogs. Although an association has been documented in humans, particularly in children, this relationship has not been definitively established in dogs.ObjectivesTo identify the presence of an association between recent vaccination andITPin dogs.AnimalsForty‐eight client‐owned dogs with presumptive idiopathicITPand 96 age‐matched, client‐owned dogs with non‐immune‐mediated disease.MethodsRetrospective, case‐control study. Dogs were identified through theVeterinaryMedicalDatabase (VMDB) andHospitalInformationSystem atPurdueUniversity.ResultsThe median age at presentation for dogs withITPwas 7 years (range: 2–15 years). The majority of theITPgroup was comprised of mixed breed dogs (38%); no pure breed was represented by more than 3 cases. The number of dogs that were vaccinated within 42 days of diagnosis ofITPdid not differ significantly (P = .361) between cases of presumptiveITP(4/48, 8%) and the control group (13/96, 14%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study failed to confirm the presence of an association between presumptive idiopathicITPin dogs and recent vaccination; however, the possibility of an association cannot be completely ruled out based on the small sample populations and requires further investigation.