bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostasin regulates iNOS and cyclin D1 expression by modulating protease‐activated receptor‐2 signaling in prostate epithelial cells
Authors: Chen Li‐Mei , Hatfield Meghan L. , Fu Ya‐Yuan , Chai Karl X. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstasin is down‐regulated during inflammation and in invasive cancers, and plays a role in regulation of inflammatory gene expression and invasion.METHODSWe used the human benign prostatic hyperplasia cell line BPH‐1 to investigate gene expression changes associated with siRNA‐mediated loss of prostasin expression. Quantitative PCR and/or western blotting were used to evaluate the expression changes of iNOS, ICAM‐1, cyclin D1, IL‐6, and IL‐8. Gene expression changes were also evaluated in the presence of a PAR‐2 antagonist. The PC‐3 human prostate cancer cell line was used for evaluation of gene expression in response to prostasin re‐expression.RESULTSProstasin silencing in BPH‐1 was associated with up‐regulation of iNOS, ICAM‐1, IL‐6, and IL‐8, and down‐regulation of cyclin D1; as well as reduced proliferation and invasion. The iNOS up‐regulation and cyclin D1 down‐regulation associated with prostasin silencing were inhibited by a PAR‐2 antagonist. Re‐expression of prostasin, a serine active‐site mutant, and a GPI‐anchor‐free mutant, in the PC‐3 cells resulted in PAR‐2 and cyclin D1 transcription up‐regulation. Transcription up‐regulation of IL‐6 and IL‐8 was associated with re‐expression of the serine active‐site mutant prostasin in the PC‐3 cells. Transcription up‐regulation of IL‐8, but to a lesser extent, was also observed in PC‐3 cells expressing the wild‐type prostasin. Expression of a serine protease active prostasin, GPI‐anchored or anchor‐free, prevented the IL‐6 induction in response to PAR‐2. The GPI‐anchor‐free prostasin also prevented the IL‐8 induction.CONCLUSIONSProstasin plays a negative regulatory role on PAR‐2‐mediated signaling in prostate epithelial cells. Prostate 69: 1790–1801, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential percentage of serum prostate‐specific antigen subforms suggests a new way to improve prostate cancer diagnosis
Authors: Sarrats Ariadna , Comet Josep , Tabarés Glòria , Ramírez Manel , Aleixandre R. Núria , de Llorens Rafael , Peracaula Rosa 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) is the tumor marker currently used for prostate cancer (PCa) screening and diagnosis. However, its use is controversial as serum PSA levels are also increased in other non‐malignant prostatic diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PSA sialic acid content is altered in tumor situation and modifies PSA's isoelectric point (pI). Our goal has been to evaluate serum PSA subforms from PCa and BPH patients by two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) and to investigate whether they could be used to improve PCa diagnosis.METHODSPSA from 20 PCa and 20 BPH patients' sera was subjected to a four‐step method to obtain serum PSA 2‐DE subforms from free PSA (fPSA) plus PSA released from the complex with alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin. Relative percentages of PSA spots were quantified and subjected to statistical analysis.RESULTSFive PSA subforms (F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5) of different pI were obtained. Relative percentages of F3 (%F3) and F4 (%F4) were different between PCa and BPH groups. %F3 decreased in cancers and this decrease correlated with the cancer stage, while F4 behaved oppositely. These observations were also found when only focusing on the patients within the low total PSA (tPSA) range 2–20 ng/ml.CONCLUSIONS%F3 showed a tendency of higher sensitivity and specificity than the currently used tPSA and %fPSA tests. Therefore, %F3 measurement should be investigated in a larger cohort of patients to study whether it could be introduced to improve PCa diagnosis. Prostate 70: 1–9, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Site‐directed mutagenesis of the cytochrome b gene and development of diagnostic methods for identifying QoI resistance of rice blast fungus
Authors: Wei Chuan‐Zhao , Katoh Hiroshi , Nishimura Kumiko , Ishii Hideo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: It is possible that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (G143A mutation) in the cytochrome b gene could confer resistance to quinone outside inhibiting (QoI) fungicides (strobilurins) in rice blast fungus because this mutation caused a high level of resistance to fungicides such as azoxystrobin in Pyricularia grisea Sacc. and other fungal plant pathogens. The aim of this study was to survey Magnaporthe oryzae B Couch sp. nov. isolates in Japan for resistance to QoIs, and to try to develop molecular detection methods for QoI resistance.RESULTS: A survey on the QoI resistance among M. oryzae isolates from rice was conducted in Japan. A total of 813 single‐spore isolates of M. oryzae were tested for their sensitivity to azoxystrobin using a mycelial growth test on PDA. QoI fungicide resistance was not found among these isolates. The introduction of G143A mutation into a plasmid containing the cytochrome b gene sequence of rice blast fungus was achieved by site‐directed mutagenesis. Molecular diagnostic methods were developed for identifying QoI resistance in rice blast fungus using the plasmid construct.CONCLUSION: As the management of rice blast disease is often dependent on chemicals, the rational design of control programmes requires a proper understanding of the fungicide resistance phenomenon in field populations of the pathogen. Mutation of the cytochrome b gene of rice blast fungus would be specifically detected from diseased leaves and seeds using the molecular methods developed in this study. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Controlling the Length of Conical Pores Etched in Ion‐Tracked Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Membranes
Authors: Mukaibo Hitomi , Horne Lloyd P. , Park Dooho , Martin Charles R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAn etching procedure that allows for reproducible control of the length of conically shaped pores etched into poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) membranes is developed. At the lower etch temperature used (20 °C), the length of the pore is found to be linearly related to etch time. At the higher etch temperature (30 °C) the etch rate is five times faster and the pores quickly propagate through the entire thickness of the PET membrane. Hence, the lower etch temperature is best for controlling the pore length. Pores etched at this temperature are used to prepare arrays of gold cones where the length of the cones is controlled from 1 to 10 µm. The track‐etch rates and the radial‐etch rates at both of the etch temperatures used are also reported.
Lack of ABCG2 Expression and Side Population Properties in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Zeng Hui , Park Jung Woo , Guo Min , Lin Ge , Crandall Leann , Compton Tiwanna , Wang Xiaofang , Li Xue-Jun , Chen Fang-Ping , Xu Ren-He 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The multidrug transporter ABCG2 in cell membranes enables various stem cells and cancer cells to efflux chemicals, including the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342. The Hoechst− cells can be sorted out as a side population with stem cell properties. Abcg2 expression in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) reduces accumulation of DNA-damaging metabolites in the cells, which helps prevent cell differentiation. Surprisingly, we found that human ESCs do not express ABCG2 and cannot efflux Hoechst. In contrast, trophoblasts and neural epithelial cells derived from human ESCs are ABCG2+ and Hoechst−. Human ESCs ectopically expressing ABCG2 become Hoechst−, more tolerant of toxicity of mitoxantrone, a substrate of ABCG2, and more capable of self-renewal in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-free condition than control cells. However, Hoechstlow cells sorted as a small subpopulation from human ESCs express lower levels of pluripotency markers than the Hoechsthigh cells. Similar results were observed with human induced pluripotent stem cells. Conversely, mouse ESCs are Abcg2+ and mouse trophoblasts, Abcg2−. Thus, absence of ABCG2 is a novel feature of human pluripotent stem cells, which distinguishes them from many other stem cells including mouse ESCs, and may be a reason why they are sensitive to suboptimal culture conditions.
Computational analysis of determinants of dopamine (DA) dysfunction in DA nerve terminals
Authors: Qi Zhen , Miller Gary W. , Voit Eberhard O. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDopamine signaling is involved in a number of brain pathways, and its disruption has been suggested to be involved in the several disease states, including Parkinson's disease (PD), schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It has been hypothesized that altered storage, release, and reuptake of dopamine contributes to both the hypo‐ and hyperdopaminergic states that exist in various diseases. Here, we use our recently described mathematical model of dopamine metabolism, combined with a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation analysis, to identify key determinants of dopamine metabolism associated with the dysregulation of dopamine homeostasis that may contribute to the pathogenesis of dopamine‐based disorders. Our model reveals that the dopamine transporter (DAT), the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2), and the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) are the most influential components controlling the synaptic level of dopamine and the formation of toxic intracellular metabolites. The results are consistent with experimental observations and point to metabolic processes and combinations of processes that may be biochemical drivers of dopamine neuron degeneration. Since many of the identified components can be targeted therapeutically, the model may aid in the design of combined therapeutic regimens aimed at restoring proper dopamine signaling with toxic intermediates under control. Synapse 63:1133–1142, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prenatal morphine exposure alters the layer II/III pyramidal neurons morphology in lateral secondary visual cortex of juvenile rats
Authors: Mei Bin , Niu Lei , Cao Bin , Huang Dake , Zhou Yifeng 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAltered cortical neuronal morphology and juvenle behavior manifestation by prenatal morphine exposure were well documented. However, this developmental morphine exposure affect the lateral secondary visual area (V2L), which may be critically involved in the multisensory of auditory and visual stimulus, remained poorly understood. To clarify the neuronal architecture changes possibly occurring in the V2L, Golgi‐Cox staining was used in this study to count dendritic length and the spine density of the layer II/III pyramidal neurons in the V2L of the juvenile rats (postnatal day 25, PND25) prenatally exposed to morphine (gestation days 11–18). Quantitative analysis showed that prenatal morphine exposure decreased the total length, branch number, and spine density of the layer II/III pyramidal neurons in the V2L, and selectively altered the total length of the basal dendrites but not of the apical dendrites. The findings may provide the mechanistic understanding of the behavioral changes in the children whose mothers abuse opiates during pregnancy. Synapse 63:1154–1161, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Routing for cognitive radio networks consisting of opportunistic links
Authors: Chen Kwang‐Cheng , Cetin Bilge Kartal , Peng Yu‐Cheng , Prasad Neeli , Wang Jin , Lee Songyoung 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCognitive radio (CR) has been considered a key technology to enhance overall spectrum utilization by opportunistic transmissions in CR transmitter–receiver link(s). However, CRs must form a cognitive radio network (CRN) so that the messages can be forwarded from source to destination, on top of a number of opportunistic links from co‐existing multi‐radio systems. Unfortunately, appropriate routing in CRN of coexisting multi‐radio systems remains an open problem. We explore the fundamental behaviors of CR links to conclude three major challenges, and thus decompose general CRN into cognitive radio relay network (CRRN), CR uplink relay network, CR downlink relay network, and tunneling (or core) network. Due to extremely dynamic nature of CR links, traditional routing to maintain end‐to‐end routing table for ad hoc networks is not feasible. We locally build up one‐step forward table at each CR to proceed based on spectrum sensing to determine trend of paths from source to destination, while primary systems (PSs) follow original ways to forward packets like tunneling. From simulations over ad hoc with infrastructure network topology and random network topology, we demonstrate such simple routing concept known as CRN local on‐demand (CLOD) routing to be realistic at reasonable routing delay to route packets through. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dinuclear Dysprosium and Ytterbium Complexes Incorporating N,N‐Bis(pyrrolyl‐α‐methyl)‐N‐methylamine Ligand: Syntheses and Structures
Authors: Zhou Fengying , Zhang Suyun , Zhao Yang , Zhang Chongguang , Cheng Xiaojuan , Zheng Lina , Zhang Yong , Li Yahong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractReaction of DyCl3 with two equivalents of NaN(SiMe3)2 in THF yielded {Dy(μ‐Cl)[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)}2 (1). X‐ray crystal structure analysis revealed that 1 is a centrosymmetric dimer with asymmetrically bridging chloride ligands. The metal coordination arrangement can be best described as distorted trigonal bipyramid. The bond lengths of Ln–Cl and Ln–N showed a decreasing trend with the contraction of the size of Ln3+. Treatment of N,N‐bis(pyrrolyl‐α‐methyl)‐N‐methylamine (H2dpma) with 1 and known compound {Yb(μ‐Cl)[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)}2, respectively, led to the formations of [Dy(μ‐Cl)(dpma)(THF)2]2 (2) and {Yb(μ‐Cl)[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)}2 (3). Compounds 2 and 3 were fully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Structure determination indicated that 2 and 3 exhibit as centrosymmetric dimers with asymmetrically bridging chloride ligands. One pot reactions involving LnCl3 (Ln = Dy and Yb), LiN(SiMe3)2, and H2dpma were explored and desired products 2 and 3 were not yielded, which indicated that 1 and {Yb(μ‐Cl)[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)}2 are the demanding precursors to synthesize Dysprosium and Ytterbium complexes supported by dpma2– ligand. Compounds 2 and 3 are the first reported lanthanide complexes chelated by dpma2– ligand.
Value of Routine Histopathologic Examination of Three Common Surgical Specimens: Appendix, Gallbladder, and Hemorrhoid
Authors: Lohsiriwat Varut , Vongjirad Akkarash , Lohsiriwat Darin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the need for a routine histopathologic examination of three common surgical specimens (appendix, gallbladder, hemorrhoid) and its impact on the further management of the patients.MethodsHistopathologic reports of patients undergoing appendectomy, cholecystectomy, or hemorrhoidectomy performed between 1998 and 2006 in the Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital were reviewed. The reports were excluded if patients had a clinical diagnosis or suspicion of malignancy. The incidence of unexpected pathologic diagnoses and their impact on postoperative management were evaluated.ResultsOf 4545 appendectomy specimens, 44 (0.97%) revealed incidental unexpected pathological diagnoses, including one adenocarcinoma and one primary appendiceal lymphoma. About one‐fifth of such unexpected appendiceal findings had an impact on postoperative treatment. Unexpected pathologic gallbladder findings were found in 88 (2%) of 4317 cholecystectomy specimens. Gallbladder cancer (GBC) was detected in 24 specimens (0.56%). A clinical diagnosis of empyema and patient’s age over 60 years were two significant risk factors for an unexpected GBC [odds ratio (OR) 11.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.2–29.2 and OR 6.2, 95% CI 2.1–18.2, respectively]. About one‐fourth of patients with unexpected gallbladder findings required further management. Of 914 hemorrhoidectomy specimens, there were 13 (1.4%) histologic abnormalities other than the usually expected lesions in hemorrhoids. None of these altered postoperative management.ConclusionsThe routine histopathology examination of the appendix and gallbladder, particularly in cases of empyema and patient’s age over 60 years, is of value for identifying unsuspected conditions requiring further postoperative management. However, routine histopathologic evaluation of the hemorrhoid seems unnecessary.
Current Patterns of Prehospital Trauma Care in Kampala, Uganda and the Feasibility of a Lay‐First‐Responder Training Program
Authors: Jayaraman Sudha , Mabweijano Jacqueline R. , Lipnick Michael S. , Caldwell Nolan , Miyamoto Justin , Wangoda Robert , Mijumbi Cephas , Hsia Renee , Dicker Rochelle , Ozgediz Doruk 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundUganda currently has no organized prehospital emergency system. We sought to measure the current burden of injury seen by lay people in Kampala, Uganda and to determine the feasibility of a lay first‐responder training program.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of current prehospital care providers in Kampala: police officers, minibus taxi drivers, and Local Council officials, and collected data on types and frequencies of emergencies witnessed, barriers to aid provision, history of training, and current availability of first‐aid supplies. A context‐appropriate course on basic first‐aid for trauma was designed and implemented. We measured changes in trainees’ fund of knowledge before and after training.ResultsA total of 309 lay people participated in the study, and during the previous 6 months saw 18 traumatic emergencies each; 39% saw an injury‐related death. The most common injury mechanisms were road crashes, assault, and burns. In these cases, 90% of trainees provided some aid, most commonly lifting (82%) or transport (76%). Fifty‐two percent of trainees had previous first‐aid training, 44% had some access to equipment, and 32% had ever purchased a first‐aid kit. Before training, participants answered 45% of test questions correctly (mean %) and this increased to 86% after training (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsLay people witness many emergencies and deaths in Kampala, Uganda and provide much needed care but are ill‐prepared to do so. A context‐appropriate prehospital trauma care course can be developed and improve lay people’s knowledge of basic trauma care. The effectiveness of such a training program needs to be evaluated prospectively.
Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters via the In Situ Transesterification of Soybean Oil in Carbon Dioxide‐Expanded Methanol
Authors: Wyatt Victor T. , Haas Michael J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by direct alkali‐ and acid‐catalyzed in situ transesterification of soybean flakes in CO2‐expanded methanol was examined at various temperatures and pressures. Attempts to synthesize FAME from soy flakes via alkaline catalysis, using sodium methoxide as a catalyst, in gas‐expanded methanol were unsuccessful. However, performing the reactions in 54 mL of a 1.2 N sulfuric acid‐methanol mixture containing 50% mole fraction CO2 resulted in an 88.3 (±1.5)% conversion of the triacylglycerol (TAG) in 22.5 g soy flakes to FAME within 10 h. Decreasing the total volume of the liquid phase by one‐third from 54 mL to 36 mL, while keeping the mmol of acid and all other variables constant, resulted in an 88.2(±5.0)% conversion of triglyceride to FAME. Quantitative HPLC analysis showed that 99.8 and 92.3% of the total mass balance for FAME, TAG, and free fatty acid (FFA) could be accounted for in the reactions performed at the liquid‐phase volumes of 54 and 36 mL, respectively. The overall results show that the introduction of CO2 into the system increases the rate of reaction by as much as 2.5 fold in comparison to control reactions without CO2. Additionally, we observed a direct correlation between FAME yield and the concentration of acid catalyst. We also determined by nitrogen analysis that at least 82.9% of protein is retained in the lipid‐free soy flakes after acid‐catalyzed in situ transesterification in CO2‐expanded methanol.
Outcome of radical hysterectomies performed by general gynecologists in Jamaica
Authors: Samuels Leslie A. , Rattray Carole , Bambury Ian , Fletcher Horace , Mitchell Sharmaine 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo review the modified (type II) radical hysterectomy procedures performed by 4 general gynecologists at the University Hospital of the West Indies, and to compare the outcomes with those of other published studies.MethodsThe case notes of the 58 women who underwent radical hysterectomies between January 1997 and December 2006 were reviewed. Accuracy of staging, duration of the operation, operative blood loss, types and rates of complications, recurrence rates, and 5‐year survival rates were assessed.ResultsAccuracy of clinical staging, duration of the procedure, blood loss, and operative and postoperative complications were comparable to previously published data. The 5‐year survival rate of 77.6% was also comparable to results seen in some other publications.ConclusionGeneral gynecologists with significant experience in general gynecologic surgery who underwent adequate, but abbreviated, training became competent in performing a radical hysterectomy, with outcomes comparable to those seen in high‐resource countries.
Reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic responses following trehalose ingestion: implications for postprandial substrate use
Authors: van Can Judith G. P. , IJzerman T. Herman , van Loon Luc J. C. , Brouns Fred , Blaak Ellen E. 
Published: August 2009

The proposed impact of slowly digestible sources of dietary carbohydrate in reducing the risk of developing obesity and related metabolic disorders remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare the postprandial metabolic response to the ingestion of glucose v. trehalose. We hypothesised that the reduced digestion and absorption rate of trehalose is accompanied by an attenuated glycaemic and insulinaemic response, leading to a less inhibited postprandial fat oxidation rate. In a randomised, single-blind, cross-over study, ten overweight subjects ingested two carbohydrate drinks (75 g carbohydrate equivalents of trehalose or glucose) following an overnight fast (08.40 hours) and together with a standardised mixed meal (12.30 hours; 25 % total energy content was provided as either glucose or trehalose). Blood samples were collected before ingestion and every 30 min thereafter for a period of 3 h; substrate use was assessed by indirect calorimetry and expired breath samples were collected. Ingestion of carbohydrates with a mixed meal resulted in a lower peak glucose response and a lower change in area under the curve (ΔAUC) following trehalose when compared with glucose. Differences in peak insulin response and ΔAUC were observed with trehalose when compared with glucose during the morning and afternoon. These differences were accompanied with a reduced carbohydrate oxidation after trehalose when ingested as a drink, whilst no significant differences in fat oxidation between drink were observed.
Molecular characterization ofGiardia duodenalisisolated from Semai Pahang Orang Asli (Peninsular Malaysia aborigines)
Authors: MOHAMMED MAHDY A. K. , SURIN JOHARI , MOHD-ADNAN A. , WAN K.-L. , LIM Y. A. L. 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYThis study was conducted to determine the genotypes ofGiardia duodenalisisolated from human faecal samples at Pos Betau, Pahang, Malaysia. Faecal specimens were collected and examined forG. duodenaliscysts using Trichrome staining techniques. Molecular identification was carried out by the amplification of a region of the small subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene using nested PCR and subsequent sequencing. The sequences from 15 isolates fromG. duodenaliswere subjected to phylogenetic analysis (including appropriate outgroups) using the neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods. The trees identifiedG. duodenalisassemblages A and B, with a predominance of assemblage B. The predominance of anthroponotic genotypes indicates the possibility of anthroponotic transmission of these protozoa in this Semai Pahang Orang Asli community.