bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of ultrasonography and FDG-PET in axillary lymph node staging of breast cancer
Authors: Ahn Jhii-Hyun , Son Eun Ju , Kim Jeong-Ah , Youk Ji Hyun , Kim Eun-Kyung , Kwak Jin Young , Ryu Young Hoon , Jeong Joon 
Published: July 2010

Background: The presence of axillary lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor and an essential part of staging and prognosis of breast cancer. Purpose: To elucidate the usefulness and accuracy of ultrasonography (US), fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan, and combined analysis for axillary lymph node staging in breast cancer. Material and Methods: A total of 250 consecutive breast cancer patients who had undergone US, FDG-PET, and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) before surgery from January 2005 to December 2006 were included in the study. If an axillary lymph node had a length to width ratio ≤1.5 or cortical thickening ≥3 mm or compression of the hilum on US, focal hot uptake (maximal standardized uptake value, SUVmax ≥2.0) in the ipsilateral axilla on FDG-PET, it was considered to be a metastatic lymph node. In combined analysis of US and FDG-PET, the interpretation was considered positive if at least two of any of the criteria were met. Each imaging finding was compared with a pathologic report regarding the presence of axillary lymph node metastasis, the number of metastatic lymph nodes, and the T stage of the breast mass. Results: Pathologically confirmed axillary lymph node metastasis was noted in 73 cases (29.2%). The mean number of metastatic lymph nodes in pathology was 3.1 ± 3.2, and the size of breast cancer was 2.0 ± 1.04 cm. In the detection of lymph node metastasis, the diagnostic accuracy of US was 78.8% and that of FDG-PET was 76.4%. On combined US and FDG-PET, accuracy was improved (91.6%). The number of metastatic lymph nodes on pathology was correlated with the positivity of US and FDG-PET ( P < 0.01). Conclusion: Combined evaluation of US and FDG-PET was a sensitive and accurate method for axillary lymph node staging in breast cancer.
Posterior Chamber Lens Implantation With Scleral Fixation in Children With Traumatic Cataract
Authors: Caca Ihsan , Sahin Alparslan , Ari Seyhmus , Alakus Fuat 
Published: July 2010

Purpose:
To evaluate the outcomes of posterior chamber lens implantation with scleral fixation (SF-PCIOL) in children with traumatic cataract.

Methods:
Twenty-four eyes of 24 cases were included. All patients had corneal or corneoscleral lacerations that were primarily repaired. Traumatic cataract subsequently developed and SF-PCIOL was performed due to insufficient posterior capsule support.

Results:
The average age of the patients was 5.8 years (range: 4 to 10 years). All cases had SF-PCIOL implanted via internal route using triangular double scleral flaps made of 9-0 polypropylene after a complete anterior vitrectomy. Average follow-up was 14.6 ± 4.3 months (range: 11 to 18 months). Visual acuity was increased at the last visit in 23 (96%) patients. Common postoperative complications were fibrinous reaction in 6 (25%) patients, transient intraocular pressure increase in 4 (17%) patients, membrane formation requiring removal in 1 (4%) patient, transient intraocular hemorrhage as vitreous hemorrhage in 1 (4%) patient, and retinal detachment in 1 (4%) patient after the postoperative second month.

Conclusion:
SF-PCIOL is an effective and reliable method in patients with pediatric traumatic cataract who had insufficient posterior capsule support.
Preferences of Pediatric Ophthalmologists and Vitreoretinal Surgeons of the Treatment of Scleral Perforations During Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Hwang Christopher K. , Phoenix Vidya P. , Hutchinson Amy K. 
Published: July 2010

Purpose:
To evaluate the preferences of pediatric ophthalmologists and vitreoretinal surgeons with regard to the initial management of scleral perforation during strabismus surgery and to determine whether they perceived one mode of treatment conferred a significant advantage over another in terms of the complication rate.

Methods:
Six hundred sixty-five pediatric ophthalmologists and 494 vitreoretinal surgeons registered with their respective national organizations were invited by an e-mail to respond to an anonymous, web-based survey. The responses to the survey were compared between groups.

Results:

A total of 169 ophthalmologists participated, 133 of whom were pediatric ophthalmologists and 36 vitreoretinal surgeons. Significantly more pediatric ophthalmologists than vitreoretinal surgeons recommend initially managing scleral perforation by observation (
P
= .001). Among pediatric ophthalmologists, method of treatment was not perceived to affect outcome (
P
= .75). However, laser photocoagulation was perceived to result in the best outcome among vitreoretinal surgeons (
P
= .03).

Conclusion:
Significant differences exist among pediatric ophthalmologist and vitreoretinal surgeon management preferences and perceived treatment outcomes for scleral perforation.
Processing Arbitrarily Large XML using a Persistent DOM
Authors: Probst Martin 
Published: July 2010

As the adoption of XML reaches more and more application domains, data sizes increase, and efficient XML handling gets more and more important. Many applications face scalability problems due to the overhead of XML parsing, the difficulty of effectively finding particular XML nodes, or the sheer size of XML documents, which nowadays can easily exceed gigabytes of data.
In particular the latter issue can make certain tasks seemingly impossible to handle, as many applications depend on parsing XML documents completely into a Document Object Model (DOM) memory structure. Parsing XML into a DOM typically requires close to or even more memory as the serialized XML would consume, thus making it prohibitively expensive to handle XML documents in the gigabyte range. Recent research and development suggests that it is possible to modify these applications to run a wide range of tasks in a streaming fashion, thus limiting the memory consumption of individual applications. However this requires not only changes in the underlying tools, but often also in user code, such as XSLT style sheets. These required changes can often be unintuitive and complicate user code.
A different approach is to run applications against an efficient, persistent, hard-disk backed DOM implementation that does not require entire documents to be in memory at a time. This talk will discuss such a DOM implementation, EMC's xDB, showing how to use binary XML and efficient backend structures to provide a standards compliant, non-memory-backed, transactional DOM implementation, with little overhead compared to regular memory-based DOMs. It will also give performance comparisons and show how to run existing applications transparently against xDB's DOM implementation, using XSLT stylesheets as an example.
Exploring Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use Among Cisgender Gay, Bisexual, and Queer Men
Authors: Kutscher Eric , Arshed Arslaan , Greene Richard E. , Kladney Mat 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceAnabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are disproportionately used by sexual minority men, with the physical and mental health implications of AAS use incompletely understood.ObjectiveTo understand the reasons for use and health care needs of gay, bisexual, and queer cisgender men using AAS.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study was conducted from November 2021 to May 2023 using self-administered questionnaires and semistructured interviews that were transcribed and coded using reflexive thematic analysis. Participants were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling from lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer clinical centers in New York, New York, as well as through online platforms. All patients self-identified as cisgender and gay, bisexual, or queer.ExposuresHistory of nonprescribed AAS use for a minimum of 8 consecutive weeks was required.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were reasons for and health implications of AAS use and interactions with health care practitioners, as determined through interviews. Interview transcripts were collected and analyzed.ResultsThematic saturation was reached after interviews with 12 male participants (mean [SD] age, 44 [11] years), with the majority of participants identifying as gay (10 participants [83%]), White non-Hispanic (9 participants [75%]), being in their 30s and 40s (9 participants [75%]), holding a bachelor’s degree or higher (11 participants [92%]), and having used steroids for a mean (SD) of 7.5 (7.1) years. One participant (8%) self-identified as Black, and 2 (17%) identified as Hispanic. Seven men (58%) met the criteria for muscle dysmorphia on screening. Nine overarching themes were found, including internal and external motivators for initial use, continued use because of effectiveness or fear of losses, intensive personal research, physical and emotional harms experienced from use, using community-based harm reduction techniques, frustration with interactions with the medical community focused on AAS cessation, and concerns around the illegality of AAS.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this qualitative study, AAS use among cisgender gay, bisexual, and queer men was found to be associated with multifactorial motivators, including a likely AAS use disorder and muscle dysmorphia. Despite all participants experiencing harms from use, men seeking medical help found insufficient support with practitioners insistent on AAS cessation and, thus, developed their own harm reduction techniques. Further research is needed to assess the utility of practitioner education efforts, the safety and efficacy of community-developed harm reduction methods, and the impact of AAS decriminalization on health care outcomes for this patient population.
Optimization of treatment workflow for 0.35T MR‐Linac system
Authors: Behzadipour Mojtaba , Palta Jatinder , Ma Tianjun , Yuan Lulin , Kim Siyong , Kirby Suzanne , Torkelson Laurel , Baker James , Koenig Tammy , Khalifa Mateb Al , Hawranko Robert , Richeson Dylan , Fields Emma , Weiss Elisabeth , Song William Y. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study presents a novel and comprehensive framework for evaluating magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) workflow by integrating the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) approach with Time‐Driven Activity‐Based Costing (TDABC). We assess the workflow for safety, quality, and economic implications, providing a holistic understanding of the MRgRT implementation. The aim is to offer valuable insights to healthcare practitioners and administrators, facilitating informed decision‐making regarding the 0.35T MRIdian MR‐Linac system's clinical workflow.MethodsFor FMEA, a multidisciplinary team followed the TG‐100 methodology to assess the MRgRT workflow's potential failure modes. Following the mitigation of primary failure modes and workflow optimization, a treatment process was established for TDABC analysis. The TDABC was applied to both MRgRT and computed tomography guided RT (CTgRT) for typical five‐fraction stereotactic body RT (SBRT) treatments, assessing total workflow and costs associated between the two treatment workflows.ResultsA total of 279 failure modes were identified, with 31 categorized as high‐risk, 55 as medium‐risk, and the rest as low‐risk. The top 20% risk priority numbers (RPN) were determined for each radiation oncology care team member. Total MRgRT and CTgRT costs were assessed. Implementing technological advancements, such as real‐time multi leaf collimator (MLC) tracking with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), auto‐segmentation, and increasing the Linac dose rate, led to significant cost savings for MRgRT.ConclusionIn this study, we integrated FMEA with TDABC to comprehensively evaluate the workflow and the associated costs of MRgRT compared to conventional CTgRT for five‐fraction SBRT treatments. FMEA analysis identified critical failure modes, offering insights to enhance patient safety. TDABC analysis revealed that while MRgRT provides unique advantages, it may involve higher costs. Our findings underscore the importance of exploring cost‐effective strategies and key technological advancements to ensure the widespread adoption and financial sustainability of MRgRT in clinical practice.
Data‐driven based optimal output feedback control with low computation cost
Authors: Yu Xinyi , Yu Jiaqi , Zhang Yongqi , Wu Jiaxin , Wei Yan , Ou Linlin 
Published: May 2024

SummaryA partial model‐free, data‐driven adaptive optimal output feedback (OPFB) control scheme with low computational cost continuous‐time is proposed in this paper. The design objective is to obtain the optimal control law by using measurable input and output data, without some knowledge of system model information. Firstly, the system states are decoupled into measurable and unmeasurable parts, and a new state‐space equation is built to estimate the unmeasurable states by using a reduced‐order observer. Based on this, a parametrization method is utilized to reconstruct the system states. Subsequently, by using the reconstructed states, the adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) Bellman equations based on policy‐iteration (PI) and value‐iteration (VI) are presented to solve the control problems with initially stable and unstable conditions, respectively. Then, the convergence of the system is proved. Compared with the early proposed OPFB algorithms, only the unknown internal state needs to be reconstructed. Therefore, the computation cost and design complexity are reduced for the proposed scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified through two numerical simulations. In addition, a practical inverted pendulum experiment is carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme.
Engineering Photothermal and H2S‐Producing Living Nanomedicine by Bacteria‐Enabled Self‐Mineralization
Authors: Wang Weiyi , Song Jun , Yu Weijie , Chen Meng , Li Guangru , Chen Jinli , Chen Liang , Yu Luodan , Chen Yu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBacteria‐initiated cancer therapy has been demonstrated high therapeutic efficacy against cancer. However, the undesired therapeutic efficacy and induced systematic inflammation storm compromise the therapeutic effect and outcome. Herein, a thermally‐activated living nanomedicine composed of reactive biohybrid (designated as Sa@FeS) is rationally designed and engineered for enhancing hydrogen sulfide (H2S)‐combined chemodynamic oncotherapy by biomineralizing ferrous sulfide nanoparticles (FeS NPs) onto the surface of a Salmonella typhimurium strain (Sa) without reducing bacterial activity. Ascribed to the deep penetration capability of Sa, FeS NPs facilitate photothermally‐enhanced catalytic Fenton reaction of decomposing endogenous H2O2 into cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals deep in tumor tissues upon near infrared irradiation. Meanwhile, Sa bacteria maintain sustained H2S release within tumor for achieving H2S‐induced intracellular acidosis that favors the generation of reactive oxygen species synergistically. Of note, the thermally‐triggered all‐in‐one strategy effectively inhibits bacterial viability, thus reducing the risk of systematic inflammation storm and ensuring biosafety. Therefore, the engineered nano‐bacteria living system exerts the thermally‐enhanced nanocatalytic and gas therapies to effectively eradicate tumors, providing a distinct paradigm for the combination of synthetic biology and nanomedicine in tumor therapy.
Stimuli‐Responsive Aptamer‐Drug Conjugates for Targeted Drug Delivery and Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Zhu Shanshan , Gao Huan , Li Wenyuan , He Xiaocong , Jiang Panpan , Xu Feng , Jin Guorui , Guo Hui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChemotherapy is widely used for cancer therapy but with unsatisfied efficacy, mainly due to the inefficient delivery of anticancer agents. Among the critical “five steps” drug delivery process, internalization into tumor cells and intracellular drug release are two important steps for the overall therapeutic efficiency. Strategy based on active targeting or TME‐responsive is developed individually to improve therapeutic efficiency, but with limited improvement. However, the combination of these two strategies could potentially augment the drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficiency, consequently. Therefore, this work constructs a library of stimuli‐responsive aptamer‐drug conjugates (srApDCs), as “dual‐targeted” strategy for cancer treatment that enables targeted drug delivery and controlled drug release. Specifically, this work uses different stimuli‐responsive linkers to conjugate a tumor‐targeting aptamer (i.e., AS1411) with drugs, forming the library of srApDCs for targeted cancer treatment. This design hypothesis is validated by the experimental data, which indicated that the aptamer could selectively enhance uptake of the srApDCs and the linkers could be cleaved by pathological cues in the TME to release the drug payload, leading to a significant enhancement of therapeutic efficacy. These results underscore the potential of the approach, providing a promising methodology for cancer therapy.
Injectable 2D Material‐Based Sensor Array for Minimally Invasive Neural Implants
Authors: Kim Jejung , Hong Juyeong , Park Kyungtai , Lee Sangwon , Hoang Anh Tuan , Pak Sojeong , Zhao Huilin , Ji Seunghyeon , Yang Sungchil , Chung Chun Kee , Yang Sunggu , Ahn Jong‐Hyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntracranial implants for diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases have been developed over the past few decades. However, the platform of conventional implantable devices still relies on invasive probes and bulky sensors in conjunction with large‐area craniotomy and provides only limited biometric information. Here, an implantable multi‐modal sensor array that can be injected through a small hole in the skull and inherently spread out for conformal contact with the cortical surface is reported. The injectable sensor array, composed of graphene multi‐channel electrodes for neural recording and electrical stimulation and MoS2‐based sensors for monitoring intracranial temperature and pressure, is designed based on a mesh structure whose elastic restoring force enables the contracted device to spread out. It is demonstrated that the sensor array injected into a rabbit's head can detect epileptic discharges on the surface of the cortex and mitigate it by electrical stimulation while monitoring both intracranial temperature and pressure. This method provides good potential for implanting a variety of functional devices via minimally invasive surgery.
Instantaneous Thermal Energy for Swift Synthesis of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Unparalleled Performance in Metal–Air Batteries and Fuel Cells
Authors: Jang Injoon , Lee Sehyun , Kim Dong‐gun , Paidi Vinod K. , Lee Sujin , Kim Nam Dong , Jung Jae Young , Lee Kug‐Seung , Lim Hyung‐Kyu , Kim Pil , Yoo Sung Jong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBased on experimental and computational evidence, phthalocyanine (Pc) compounds in the form of quaternary‐bound metal‐nitrogen (N) atoms are the most effective catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the heat treatment process used in their synthesis may compromise the ideal structure, causing the agglomeration of transition metals. To overcome this issue, a novel method is developed for synthesizing iron (Fe) single‐atom catalysts with ideal structures supported by thermally exfoliated graphene oxide (GO). This is achieved through a short heat treatment of only 2.5 min involving FePc and N, N‐dimethylformamide in the presence of GO. According to the synthesis mechanism revealed by this study, carbon monoxide acts as a strong linker between the single Fe atoms and graphene. It facilitates the formation of a structure containing oxygen species between FeN4 and graphene, which provides high activity and stability for the ORR. These catalysts possess an enormous number of active sites and exhibit enhanced activity toward the alkaline ORR. They demonstrate excellent performance when applied to real electrochemical devices, such as zinc–air batteries and anion exchange membrane fuel cells. It is expected that the instantaneous heat treatment method developed in this study will aid in the development of high‐performing single‐atom catalysts.
Active Passivation of Anion Vacancies in Antimony Selenide Film for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Cai Zhiyuan , Che Bo , Gu Yuehao , Xiao Peng , Wu Lihui , Liang Wenhao , Zhu Changfei , Chen Tao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBinary antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is a promising inorganic light‐harvesting material with high stability, nontoxicity, and wide light harvesting capability. In this photovoltaic material, it has been recognized that deep energy level defects with large carrier capture cross section, such as VSe (selenium vacancy), lead to serious open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit and in turn limit the achievable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of Sb2Se3 solar cells. Understanding the nature of deep‐level defects and establishing effective method to eliminate the defects are vital to improving VOC. In this study, a novel directed defect passivation strategy is proposed to suppress the formation of VSe and maintain the composition and morphology of Sb2Se3 film. In particular, through systematic study on the evolution of defect properties, the pathway of defect passivation reaction is revealed. Owing to the inhibition of defect‐assisted recombination, the VOC increases, resulting in an improvement of PCE from 7.69% to 8.90%, which is the highest efficiency of Sb2Se3 solar cells prepared by thermal evaporation method with superstrate device configuration. This study proposes a new understanding of the nature of deep‐level defects and enlightens the fabrication of high quality Sb2Se3 thin film for solar cell applications.
Solution‐Processed Tandem Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Dual Charge Generation Interfaces: Achieving Over Threefold Efficiency Enhancement
Authors: Meng Shu‐Guang , Shen Wan‐Shan , Liu Wei‐Zhi , Li Sheng‐Nan , Zhou Dong‐Ying , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite the commercialization of thermally evaporated tandem organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), challenges remain for solution‐processed tandem quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs), including low efficiency and solvent‐induced damage to functional layers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the optimization of the interconnecting layer (ICL) design in order to fabricate high‐performance solution‐processed tandem QLEDs. Here, by introducing a phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) layer between poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK), an novel ICL, PVK/PMA/PEDOT:PSS/ZnO is proposed, with dual charge generation interfaces (CGIs): PVK/PMA and PEDOT:PSS/ZnO. The PMA interlayer serves not only smoothing the morphology of PEDOT:PSS to improve charge transport, but also forming a PVK/PMA CGI to enhance charge generation. Based on the excellent electrical and optical properties of the dual‐CGI ICL, the solution‐processed inverted tandem red QLEDs achieve an increased external quantum efficiency (EQE) of over three times compared to single‐junction devices. This provides a novel approach for the high‐efficiency solution‐processed tandem QLEDs, paving the way for the practical application of QLEDs.