bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Detection of Vancomycin Nonsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Burnham Carey‐Ann D. , Craven Robin R. , Michael Dunne W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn 2009, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute introduced new guidelines for staphylococcal susceptibility testing, indicating that Kirby Bauer disk diffusion is not a reliable method for detection of reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in this genus. In this unit, we describe a method using a brain‐heart infusion medium containing 3 µg/ml of vancomycin (BHI‐V3) to screen for isolates of S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin; this medium represents a sensitive and cost‐effective method for detection of such isolates in the clinical or research laboratory. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 22:17.6.1‐17.6.5. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bipolar Host Materials: A Chemical Approach for Highly Efficient Electrophosphorescent Devices
Authors: Chaskar Atul , Chen Hsiao‐Fan , Wong Ken‐Tsung 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe future of organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) is drifting from electrofluorescence toward electrophosphorescence due to the feasibility of realizing 100% internal quantum efficiency. There is limited availability of transition metals (TMs) such as Ir, Os, and Pt, which are used for color‐tunable phosphorescent emitters, and the use of the host‐guest strategy is necessary for suppressing the detrimental triplet–triplet annihilation inherently imparted by the TM‐centered emitters. The inevitable demands of organic host materials provide organic chemists with tremendous opportunities to contribute their expertise to this technology. With suitable molecular design and judicious selection of chemical structures featured with different electronic nature, the incorporation of hole‐transporting (HT) and electron‐transporting (ET) moieties combines the advantages of both functional units into bipolar host materials, which perform balanced injection/transportation/recombination of charge carriers and consequentially lead the OLEDs to have higher performancesand low roll‐off efficiencies. This review highlights recently developed bipolar host materials with the focus on molecular design strategies and the structure–property–performance relationships of various classes of bipolar host materials, which are classified into several categories according to the structural features of their constituents (HT/ET blocks and spacers).
Uptake of Foreign Ferritin in Heart of Firemouth Cichlid (Cichlidae: Teleostei)
Authors: Leknes Ingvar Leiv 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe ultrastructure of the endothelium in the heart of the firemouth cichlid (Thorichthys meeki) and its capability and capacity to take up foreign ferritin are described. The entire wall in atrium and ventricle was spongy and composed of muscle trabeculae, covered by endothelial cells which were about 4–6‐μm thick in atrium and flat in ventricle. These cells contained a number of moderately electron‐dense bodies (MDBs, diameter 2 μm and less), clathrin‐coated vesicles, and tubules of agranular endoplasmatic reticulum. Numerous yellow‐brown granules, width 2 μm and less, occurred in the endocardial endothelium covering the cardiac muscle trabeculae in ferritin‐injected firemouth cichlid 8 hr postinjection; much Prussian blue precipitated within these granules when treated with acid ferrocyanide. When the time between the injection and sacrifice was extended to 24 hr, the granules and Prussian blue precipitations in the corresponding endocardial endothelium displayed a width of 3 μm and more. The endocardial endothelium facing the cardiac main lumen or covering the valves and walls of the atrio‐ventriclar or ventriculo‐bulbar apertures nearly lacks such granules and precipitations as well as MDB, clathrin‐coated vesicles and tubules of agranular endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting that the endothelium at these sites is not endocytic. Lipofuscinlike pigments were demonstrated by the Schmorl's technique in the endocardial endothelium covering the heart muscle trabeculae in firemouth cichlid. Together these findings suggest that the endocardial endothelium cover on the muscle trabeculae in heart wall in firemouth cichlid is highly specialized to play important roles in the uptake of scavenger molecules and foreign particles. Such an uptake may be very efficient as this cell layer comes in contact with nearly the entire blood volume throughout the spongy heart wall in this type of teleosts. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Examination of the Reticular Epithelium of the Bovine Pharyngeal Tonsil
Authors: Palmer Mitchell V. , Stasko Judith , Waters W. Ray , Thacker Tyler C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid), located at the posterior of the nasopharynx is ideally positioned to sample antigens passing through the nasal cavity or oral cavity. Entering antigens will first contact tonsilar epithelium. To better understand the cellular organization of this important epithelial layer, pharyngeal tonsils were collected from six, 7‐month‐old calves and examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis showed that the epithelium overlying lymphoid follicles (reticular epithelium) contained significantly more B‐cells, CD4+, and CD11c+ cells than nonreticular epithelium. In contrast, nonreticular epithelium contained significantly more, γ/δ TCR+ cells than reticular epithelium. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of reticular epithelium identified a heterogeneous population of epithelial cells, many of which displayed morphologic characteristics of M‐cells. Moreover, putative M‐cells were shown to possess the capacity for microparticle uptake. Bovine pharyngeal tonsilar reticular epithelium contains key immune cells, as well as M‐cells; elements essential for antigen uptake, antigen processing, and initiation of immune responses. A better understanding of the morphology and function of tonsilar lymphoepithelium will strengthen our understanding of it's role in disease pathogenesis, and potential use as an induction site for mucosal immune responses to vaccination. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An improved decentralized control method for Bank‐to‐Turn missile autopilot design
Authors: Qin Guozheng , Li Zhongkui , Duan Zhisheng 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper, an improved decentralized control method is proposed to design a bank‐to‐turn (BTT) missile autopilot. Compared to the general diagonal blocked Lyapunov function method, the improved decentralized control method by considering the coupling terms as the structured uncertainty can provide a simpler design, tolerate more types of uncertainties and yield a better dynamic performance. Moreover, this method can be extended to multi‐model systems expediently. Due to the structural constraints, the decentralized controller may not realize the tracking control target under some conditions, and this paper also provides such a condition. The decentralized controller design is formulated in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization, and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Otto Graf (1881–1956) und die Baustoffprüfung an der Technischen Hochschule Stuttgart
Authors: Weber Christiane , Ziegler Volker 
Published: August 2011

AbstractOtto Graf und seine Karriere bestimmten die Entwicklung der Abteilung Baustoffprüfung an der Materialprüfungsanstalt Stuttgart in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Mit der wirtschaftlichen Erholung Deutschlands und dem Bau der Reichsautobahn nach 1934 erfuhr auch die Baustoffprüfung in Stuttgart einen großen Aufschwung. Otto Graf hatte sich als anerkannter Fachmann für Beton und Eisenbeton etabliert und die Materialprüfungsanstalt war zu einer Anlaufstelle für das gesamte Reichsgebiet in Fragen der Betonfahrbahnen geworden. Die Materialprüfungsanstalt Stuttgart war zunehmend auch in politisch bedeutende Großprojekte des NS‐Staates involviert, und als der Zweite Weltkrieg ausbrach, übernahm sie Kriegsaufträge, auch im Holzbereich. Otto Graf stellte teils aus Ehrgeiz, teils aus der Notwendigkeit, die erforderlichen Mittel zum Betrieb der Materialprüfungsanstalt selbst erwirtschaften zu müssen, seine Arbeitskraft dem NS‐Staat zur Verfügung. Trotz eines Spruchkammerverfahrens zur Entnazifizierung konnte sich Otto Graf nach dem Krieg wieder rehabilitieren und seine Einrichtung wurde 1953 sogar in “Otto‐Graf‐Institut” umbenannt.
Is there a genomically imprinted social brain?
Authors: Curley James P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractImprinted genes (IGs) are expressed or silenced according to their parent‐of‐origin. These genes are known to play a role in regulating offspring growth, development and infant behaviors such as suckling and ultrasonic calls. In adults, neurally expressed IGs coordinate several behaviors including maternal care, sex, feeding, emotionality, and cognition. However, despite evidence from human psychiatric disorders and evolutionary theory that maternally and paternally expressed genes should also regulate social behavior, little empirical data from mouse research exists. This paper discusses data from a recent study (Garfield et al., 2011) that the IG Grb10 governs unique aspects of mouse social behavior and interprets the relevance of these findings for the future of this field.Editor's suggested further reading in BioEssays Epigenetics and the brain: Transcriptome sequencing reveals new depths to genomic sequencing Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis coupled with end‐column electrochemiluminescence for the determination of ephedrine in human urine, and a study of its interactions with three proteins
Authors: Yang Ran , Zeng Hua‐Jin , Li Jian‐Jun , Zhang Ying , Li Shi‐Jun , Qu Ling‐Bo 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTA tris(2,2‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+)‐based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) method has been established for the sensitive determination of ephedrine for the first time. Under the optimized conditions [ECL detection at 1.15 V, 25 mmol/L phosphate buffer solution (PBS), pH 8.0, as running buffer, separation voltage 12.5 kV, 5 mmol/L Ru(bpy)32+ with 60 mmol/L PBS, pH 8.5, in the detection cell] linear correlation (r = 0.9987) between ECL intensity and ephedrine concentration was obtained in the range 6.0 × 10–8–6.0 × 10–6 g/mL. The detection limit was 4.5 × 10–9 g/mL (S:N = 3). The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of ephedrine in human urine and the investigation of its interactions with three proteins, including bovine serum albumin (BSA), cytochrome C (Cyt‐C) and myoglobin (Mb). The number of binding sites and the binding constants between ephedrine and BSA, Cyt‐C and Mb were 8.52, 12.60, 10.66 and 1.55 × 104 mol/L, 6.58 × 103 mol/L and 1.59 × 104 mol/L, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of a reaction model to improve calculation of the sugar recovery standard for sugar analysis
Authors: Shen Jiacheng , Wyman Charles E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA kinetic model was applied to improve determination of the sugar recovery standard (SRS) for biomass analysis. Three sets of xylose (0.10–1.00 g/L and 0.999–19.995 g/L) and glucose (0.206–1.602 g/L) concentrations were measured by HPLC following reaction of each for 1 h. Then, parameters in a kinetic model were fit to the resulting sugar concentration data, and the model was applied to predict the initial sugar concentrations and the best SRS value (SRSp). The initial sugar concentrations predicted by the model agreed with the actual initial sugar concentrations. Although the SRSe calculated directly from experimental data oscillated considerably with sugar concentration, the SRSp trend was smooth. Statistical analysis of errors and application of the F‐test confirmed that application of the model reduced experimental errors in SRSe. Reference SRSe values are reported for the three series of concentrations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 300–305. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A review of the mammalian unfolded protein response
Authors: Chakrabarti Anirikh , Chen Aaron W. , Varner Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractProteins requiring post‐translational modifications such as N‐linked glycosylation are processed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A diverse array of cellular stresses can lead to dysfunction of the ER and ultimately to an imbalance between protein‐folding capacity and protein‐folding load. Cells monitor protein folding by an inbuilt quality control system involving both the ER and the Golgi apparatus. Unfolded or misfolded proteins are tagged for degradation via ER‐associated degradation (ERAD) or sent back through the folding cycle. Continued accumulation of incorrectly folded proteins can also trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR). In mammalian cells, UPR is a complex signaling program mediated by three ER transmembrane receptors: activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), inositol requiring kinase 1 (IRE1) and double‐stranded RNA‐activated protein kinase (PKR)‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). UPR performs three functions, adaptation, alarm, and apoptosis. During adaptation, the UPR tries to reestablish folding homeostasis by inducing the expression of chaperones that enhance protein folding. Simultaneously, global translation is attenuated to reduce the ER folding load while the degradation rate of unfolded proteins is increased. If these steps fail, the UPR induces a cellular alarm and mitochondrial mediated apoptosis program. UPR malfunctions have been associated with a wide range of disease states including tumor progression, diabetes, as well as immune and inflammatory disorders. This review describes recent advances in understanding the molecular structure of UPR in mammalian cells, its functional role in cellular stress, and its pathophysiology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2777–2793. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photoresponsive Molecular Recognition and Adhesion of Vesicles in a Competitive Ternary Supramolecular System
Authors: Nalluri Siva Krishna Mohan , Bultema Jelle B. , Boekema Egbert J. , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA competitive photoresponsive supramolecular system is formed in a dilute aqueous solution of three components: vesicles of amphiphilic α‐cyclodextrin host 1 a, divalent p‐methylphenyl guest 2 or divalent p‐methylbenzamide guest 3, and photoresponsive azobenzene monovalent guest 5. Guests 2 and 3 form weak inclusion complexes with 1 a (Ka≈102 M−1), whereas azobenzene guest 5 forms a strong inclusion complex (Ka≈104 M−1), provided it is in the trans state. The aggregation and adhesion of vesicles of host 1 a is mediated by guest 2 (or 3) due to the formation of multiple intervesicular noncovalent links, as confirmed by using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), optical density measurements at 600 nm (OD600), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM). The addition of excess monovalent guest trans‐5 to vesicles of 1 a aggregated by divalent guest 2 (or 3) causes the dispersion of vesicles of 1 a because trans‐5 displaces 2 (as well as 3) from the vesicle surface. Upon UV irradiation of a dilute ternary mixture of vesicles of 1 a, guest 2 (or 3), and competitor trans‐5, compound trans‐5 isomerizes to cis‐5, and renewed aggregation of vesicles of 1 a by guest 2 (or 3) occurs because 2 (as well as 3) displaces cis‐5 from the vesicle surface. Subsequent visible irradiation causes the redispersion of vesicles of 1 a because cis‐5 reisomerizes into trans‐5, which again displaces guest 2 (or 3) from the vesicle surface. In this way, the competitive photoresponsive aggregation and dispersion of vesicles can be repeated for several cycles.
AFFORDING TO WAIT: MEDICARE INITIATION AND THE USE OF HEALTH CARE
Authors: David Guy , Saynisch Phil , Acevedo‐Perez Victoria , Neuman Mark D. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYDelays in receipt of necessary diagnostic and therapeutic medical procedures related to the timing of Medicare initiation at age 65 years have potentially broad welfare implications. We use 2005–2007 data from Florida and North Carolina to estimate the effect of initiation of Medicare benefits on healthcare utilization across procedures that differ in urgency and coverage. In particular, we study trends in the use of elective procedures covered by Medicare to treat conditions that vary in symptoms; these are compared with elective surgical procedures not eligible for Medicare reimbursement, and to a set of urgent and emergent procedures. We find large discontinuities in health services utilization at age 65 years concentrated among low‐urgency, Medicare‐reimbursable procedures, most pronounced among screening interventions and treatments for minimally symptomatic disease. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primate-specific microRNA-637 inhibits tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma by disrupting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling
Authors: Zhang Jin-fang , He Ming-liang , Fu Wei-ming , Wang Hua , Chen Lian-zhou , Zhu Xiao , Chen Ying , Xie Dan , Lai Paul , Chen Gong , Lu Gang , Lin Marie C.M. , Kung Hsiang-fu 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

MiR-637 (microRNA-637) is a primate-specific miRNA belonging to the small noncoding RNA family, which represses gene regulation at the post-transcriptional expression level. Although it was discovered approximately 5 years ago, its biomedical significance and regulatory mechanism remain obscure. Our preliminary data showed that miR-637 was significantly suppressed in four HCC cell lines and, also, in most of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens, thereby suggesting that miR-637 would be a tumor suppressor in HCC. Simultaneously, the enforced overexpression of miR-637 dramatically inhibited cell growth and induced the apoptosis of HCC cells. The transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), is constitutively activated in multiple tumors, and aberrant Stat3 activation is linked to the promotion of growth and desensitization of apoptosis. Our study showed that Stat3 tyrosine 705 phosphorylation and several Stat3-regulated antiapoptotic genes were down-regulated in miR-637 mimics-transfected and Lv-miR637-infected HCC cells. In addition, miR-637 overexpression negatively regulated Stat3 phosphorylation by suppressing autocrine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expression and exogenous LIF-triggered Stat3 activation and rescued cell growth in these cells. A nude mice model also demonstrated the above-described results, which were obtained from the cell model. Furthermore, we found that LIF was highly expressed in a large proportion of HCC specimens, and its expression was inversely associated with miR-637 expression.

Conclusion:

Our data indicate that miR-637 acted as a tumor suppressor in HCC, and the suppressive effect was mediated, at least in part, by the disruption of Stat3 activation. (Hepatology 2011)
Daily river water temperature forecast model with a k‐nearest neighbour approach
Authors: St‐Hilaire André , Ouarda Taha B. M. J. , Bargaoui Zoubeida , Daigle Anik , Bilodeau Laurent 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWater temperature is a key abiotic variable that modulates both water chemistry and aquatic life in rivers and streams. For this reason, numerous water temperature models have been developed in recent years. In this paper, a k‐nearest neighbour model (KNN) is proposed and validated to simulate and eventually produce a one‐day forecast of mean water temperature on the Moisie River, a watercourse with an important salmon population in eastern Canada. Numerous KNN model configurations were compared by selecting different attributes and testing different weight combinations for neighbours. It was found that the best model uses attributes that include water temperature from the two previous days and an indicator of seasonality (day of the year) to select nearest neighbours. Three neighbours were used to calculate the estimated temperature, and the weighting combination that yielded the best results was an equal weight on all three nearest neighbours. This nonparametric model provided lower Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE = 1·57 °C), Higher Nash coefficient (NTD = 0·93) and lower Relative Bias (RB = − 1·5%) than a nonlinear regression model (RMSE = 2·45 °C, NTD = 0·83, RB = − 3%). The k‐nearest neighbour model appears to be a promising tool to simulate of forecast water temperature where long time series are available. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ASSET PRICE MISALIGNMENTS AND MONETARY POLICY
Authors: Bask Mikael 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTWe augment the standard New Keynesian Model for monetary policy design with stock prices in the economy and stock traders who use a mix of fundamental and technical analyses. In contrast with most of previous literature, we argue that the central bank should augment the interest rate rule with a term for stock price misalignments because a determinate and stable rational expectations equilibrium in the economy are then easier to achieve. This equilibrium is stable under least squares learning as well. Another finding is that inertia in monetary policy does not promote macroeconomic stability when technical analysis plays a major role in stock trading. Even worse, if the central bank in its policy only indirectly responds to stock price misalignments via its effect on the inflation rate, a combination of strong inertia in monetary policy and a significant role for technical analysis in stock trading will lead to macroeconomic instability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional cGMP‐gated channels in cerebellar granule cells
Authors: Lopez‐Jimenez Mª Elena , González Jose C. , Lizasoain Ignacio , Sánchez‐Prieto José , Hernández‐Guijo Jesús M. , Torres Magdalena 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCyclic nucleotide‐gated channels (CNGCs) are important transducers of external signals in sensory processes. These channels are ubiquitously expressed in a variety of neurons, and are necessary to transduce signals for growth cone guidance and plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that the CNGC subunits (CNGA1 and CNGB1, presumably the 1b isoform) are expressed in rat cerebellar granule cells and that they combine to form functional channels. The expression of the mRNAs that encode these proteins is maximal after 7 days in cell culture, when the channels are expressed at synapses and co‐localize with the synaptic marker synapsin I. These ligand‐gated channels are functional and can be blocked by Mg2+ or L‐cis‐diltiazem. Moreover, channel opening in response to increases in intracellular cGMP results in Ca2+ entry into the cell. Chronic blockade (96 h) of these channels with L‐cis‐diltiazem significantly decreases the number of functional boutons, as determined by their capacity to load and unload the styryl dye FM1‐43 when stimulated. Moreover, the unloading kinetics is modified from a biphasic to a monophasic profile in a subset of synaptic boutons. These channels are also expressed in early developmental stages, both in the soma and in emerging processes, and CNGA1 can be detected in growth cones. Pharmacological blockade of these channels with L‐cis‐diltiazem causes an overall change in growth cone morphology, impairing the formation of lamellipodia between filopodia and increasing the number of filopodia. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2252–2263, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.