bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projecting non-communicable diseases attributable to air pollution in the climate change era: a systematic review
Authors: Karim Norhafizah , Hod Rozita , Wahab Muhammad Ikram A , Ahmad Norfazilah 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesClimate change is a major global issue with significant consequences, including effects on air quality and human well-being. This review investigated the projection of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) attributable to air pollution under different climate change scenarios.DesignThis systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 flow checklist. A population-exposure-outcome framework was established. Population referred to the general global population of all ages, the exposure of interest was air pollution and its projection, and the outcome was the occurrence of NCDs attributable to air pollution and burden of disease (BoD) based on the health indices of mortality, morbidity, disability-adjusted life years, years of life lost and years lived with disability.Data sourcesThe Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE and EBSCOhost databases were searched for articles published from 2005 to 2023.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesThe eligible articles were evaluated using the modified scale of a checklist for assessing the quality of ecological studies.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers searched, screened and selected the included studies independently using standardised methods. The risk of bias was assessed using the modified scale of a checklist for ecological studies. The results were summarised based on the projection of the BoD of NCDs attributable to air pollution.ResultsThis review included 11 studies from various countries. Most studies specifically investigated various air pollutants, specifically particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides and ozone. The studies used coupled-air quality and climate modelling approaches, and mainly projected health effects using the concentration–response function model. The NCDs attributable to air pollution included cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, stroke, ischaemic heart disease, coronary heart disease and lower respiratory infections. Notably, the BoD of NCDs attributable to air pollution was projected to decrease in a scenario that promotes reduced air pollution, carbon emissions and land use and sustainable socioeconomics. Contrastingly, the BoD of NCDs was projected to increase in a scenario involving increasing population numbers, social deprivation and an ageing population.ConclusionThe included studies widely reported increased premature mortality, CVD and respiratory disease attributable to PM2.5. Future NCD projection studies should consider emission and population changes in projecting the BoD of NCDs attributable to air pollution in the climate change era.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023435288.
Morbidity and mortality outcomes of patients requiring isolated tricuspid valve surgery: a retrospective cohort study of 537 patients in New South Wales between 2002 and 2018
Authors: Harvey Gregory , Chow Vincent , Rubenis Imants , Brieger David , Kritharides Leonard , Ng Austin Chin Chwan 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate mortality and morbidity outcomes following open-heart isolated tricuspid valve surgery (TVSx) with medium to long-term follow-up.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingNew South Wales public and private hospital admissions between 1 January 2002 and 30 June 2018.ParticipantsA total of 537 patients underwent open isolated TVSx during the study period.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was all-cause mortality tracked from the death registry to 31 December 2018. Secondary morbidity outcomes, including admission for congestive cardiac failure (CCF), new atrial fibrillation (AF), infective endocarditis (IE), pulmonary embolism (PE) and insertion of a permanent pacemaker (PPM) or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), were tracked from the Admitted Patient Data Collection database. Independent mortality associations were determined using the Cox regression method.ResultsA total of 537 patients underwent open isolated TVSx (46% male): median age (IQR) was 63.5 years (43.9–73.8 years) with median length of stay of 16 days (10–31 days). Main cardiovascular comorbidities were AF (54%) and CCF (42%); 67% had rheumatic tricuspid valve. In-hospital and total mortality were 7.4% and 39.3%, respectively (mean follow-up: 4.8 years). Cause-specific deaths were evenly split between cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes. Predictors of mortality included a history of CCF (HR=1.78, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.38, p<0.001) and chronic pulmonary disease (HR=2.66, 95% CI 1.63 to 4.33, p<0.001). In-hospital PPM rate was 10.0%. At 180 days, 53 (9.9%) patients were admitted for CCF, 25 (10.1%) had new AF, 7 (1.5%) had new IE and <1% had PE, post-discharge PPM or ICD insertion.ConclusionOpen isolated TVSx carries significant mortality risk, with decompensated CCF and new AF the most common morbidities encountered after surgery. This report forms a benchmark to compare outcomes with newer percutaneous tricuspid interventions.
Risk and time preferences in individuals with lifestyle-related and non-lifestyle-related cardiovascular diseases: a pilot study
Authors: Kairies-Schwarz Nadja , Mussio Irene , Bulla-Holthaus Natalia , Wankmüller Esther , Wolff Georg , Gontscharuk Veronika , Heinen Yvonne , Perings Stefan , Brockmeyer Maximilian , Kelm Malte , Icks Andrea 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo (1) pilot a study of behavioural characterisation based on risk and time preferences in clinically well-characterised individuals, (2) assess the distribution of preferences in this population and (3) explore differences in preferences between individuals with ‘lifestyle-related’ (LS) and ‘non-lifestyle-related’ (NLS) cardiovascular diseases.DesignCross-sectional study with an economic online experiment to collect risk and time preferences, a detailed clinical characterisation and a sociodemographic and lifestyle survey. A definition of LS and NLS groups was developed.SettingSpecialist outpatient clinics of the clinic for cardiology and pneumology of the University Hospital Düsseldorf and patients from a cardiology practice in Düsseldorf.ParticipantsA total of 74 individuals with cardiovascular diseases.OutcomesRisk and time preferences.ResultsThe implementation of the study process, including participant recruitment and data collection, ran smoothly. The medical checklist, the survey and the time preference instrument were well received. However, the conceptual understanding of the risk preference instrument resulted in inconsistent choices for many participants (47%). The remaining individuals were more risk averse (27%) than risk seeking (16%) and risk neutral (10%). Individuals in our sample were also more impatient (49%) than patient (42%). The participant classification showed that 65% belonged to the LS group, 19% to the NLS group and 16% could not be assigned (unclear allocation to lifestyle (ULS) group). Excluding the ULS group, we show that individuals in the LS group were more risk seeking, and unexpectedly, more patient than those in the NLS group.ConclusionsThe process of the pilot study and its results can be used as a basis for the design of the main study. The differences in risk and time preferences between the LS and NLS groups provide us with a novel hypothesis for unhealthy behaviours: individuals never give up a bad habit, they simply postpone the latter, which can be tested alongside other additional research questions.
Mapping scoping reviews in neurosurgery: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Lee Ching-Yi , Lai Hung-Yi , Chen Mi-Mi , Lee Ching-Hsin 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe realm of neurosurgery is currently witnessing a surge in primary research, underscoring the importance of adopting evidence-based approaches. Scoping reviews, as a type of evidence synthesis, offer a broad perspective and have become increasingly vital for managing the ever-expanding body of research in swiftly evolving fields. Recent research has indicated a rising prevalence of scoping reviews in healthcare literature. In this context, the concept of a ‘review of scoping reviews’ has emerged as a means to offer a higher level synthesis of insights. However, the field of neurosurgery appears to lack a comprehensive integration of scoping reviews. Therefore, the objective of this scoping review is to identify and evaluate the extent of scoping reviews within neurosurgery, pinpointing research gaps and methodological issues to enhance evidence-based practices in this dynamic discipline.MethodsThe method framework of Arksey and O’Malley will be used to conduct the scoping review. A thorough literature search will be performed on Medline, Scopus and Web of Science to find eligible studies using the keywords related toneurosurgery,scoping review and its variants. Two reviewers will independently revise all of the full-text articles, extract data and evaluate the study extent. A narrative overview of the findings from included studies will be given.Ethics and disseminationThis review will involve secondary analysis of published literature, and therefore ethics approval is not required. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist will be used to guide translation of findings. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and presented in conferences via abstract and presentation.
Implementation of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gama Zenewton André da Silva , Lima Milena Thaisa Silva de , Semrau Katherine E A , Tuller Danielle E , Fifield Jocelyn , Fernández-Elorriaga María , Saraiva Cecília Olívia Paraguai de Oliveira , Freitas Marise Reis de , Pellense Márcia Cunha da Silva , Rosendo Tatyana Maria Silva de Souza , Molina Rose L 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (WHO SCC) was developed to accelerate adoption of essential practices that prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality during childbirth. This study aims to summarise the current landscape of organisations and facilities that have implemented the WHO SCC and compare the published strategies used to implement the WHO SCC implementation in both successful and unsuccessful efforts.Methods and analysisThis scoping review protocol follows the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data will be collected and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews report. The search strategy will include publications from the databases Scopus, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science, in addition to a search in grey literature in The National Library of Australia’s Trobe, DART-Europe E-Theses Portal, Electronic Theses Online Service, Theses Canada, Google Scholar and Theses and dissertations from Latin America. Data extraction will include data on general information, study characteristics, organisations involved, sociodemographic context, implementation strategies, indicators of implementation process, frameworks used to design or evaluate the strategy, implementation outcomes and final considerations. Critical analysis of implementation strategies and outcomes will be performed with researchers with experience implementing the WHO SCC.Ethics and disseminationThe study does not require an ethical review due to its design as a scoping review of the literature. The results will be submitted for publication to a scientific journal and all relevant data from this study will be made available in Dataverse.Trial registration numberhttps://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/RWY27.
DORIS study: domestic violence in orthopaedics, a prospective cohort study at a Swedish hospital on the annual prevalence of domestic violence in orthopaedic emergency care
Authors: Svensson Malchau Karin , Caragounis Eva-Corina , Sundfeldt Mikael 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundDomestic violence (DV) is a major problem which despite many efforts persists globally. Victims of DV can present with various injuries, whereof musculoskeletal presentation is common.ObjectivesThe DORIS study (Domestic violence inORthopaedIcS) aimed to establish the annual prevalence of DV at an orthopaedic emergency department (ED) in Sweden.DesignFemale adult patients with orthopaedic injuries seeking treatment at a tertiary orthopaedic centre between September 2021 and 2022 were screened during their ED visit.SettingThis is a single-centre study at a tertiary hospital in Sweden.ParticipantsAdult female patients seeking care for acute orthopaedic injuries were eligible for the study. During the study period, 4192 female patients were provided with study forms and 1366 responded (32.5%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was to establish the annual prevalence of injuries due to DV and second, to establish the rate of current experience of any type of DV.ResultsOne in 14 had experience of current DV (n=100, 7.5%) and 1 in 65 (n=21, 1.5%) had an injury due to DV.ConclusionsThe prevalence of DV found in the current study is comparable to international findings and adds to the growing body of evidence that it needs to be considered in clinical practice. It is important to raise awareness of DV, and frame strategies, as healthcare staff have a unique position to identify and offer intervention to DV victims.
Defining practices suitable for care via teleconsultation in gynaecological and obstetrical care: a French Delphi survey
Authors: Rousseau Anne , Baumann Sophie , Constant Jennifer , Deplace Sylvie , Multon Olivier , Lenoir-Delpierre Laure , Gaucher Laurent 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveDelineate the scope of teleconsultation services that can be effectively performed to provide women with comprehensive gynaecological and obstetrical care.DesignBased on the literature and experts’ insights, we identified a list of gynaecological and obstetrical care practices suitable for teleconsultation. A three-round Delphi consensus survey was then conducted online among a panel of French experts. Experts using a 9-point Likert scale assessed the relevance of each teleconsultation practice in four key domains: prevention, gynaecology and antenatal and postnatal care. Consensus was determined by applying a dual-criteria approach: the median score on a 9-point Likert scale and the percentage of votes either below 5 or 5 and higher.SettingThe study was conducted at a national level in France and involved multiple healthcare centres and professionals from various geographical locations.ParticipantsThe panel comprised 22 French experts with 19 healthcare professionals, including 12 midwives, 3 obstetricians-gynaecologists, 4 general practitioners and 3 healthcare system users. Participants were selected to include diverse practice settings encompassing hospital and private practices in both rural and urban areas.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe study’s primary outcome was the identification of gynaecological and obstetrical care practices suitable for teleconsultation. Secondary outcomes included the level of professional consensus on these practices.ResultsIn total, 71 practices were included in the Delphi survey. The practices approved for teleconsultation were distributed as follows: 92% in prevention (n=12/13), 55% in gynaecology (n=18/33), 31% in prenatal care (n=5/16) and 12% in postnatal care (n=1/9). Lastly, 10 practices remained under discussion: 7 in gynaecology, 2 in prenatal care and 1 in postnatal care.ConclusionsOur consensus survey highlights both the advantages and limitations of teleconsultations for women’s gynaecological and obstetrical care, emphasising the need for careful consideration and tailored implementation.
Interplay between leadership and patient safety in dentistry: a dental hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Humza Bin , Raja Ulfat Bashir , Khan Yawar , Gidman Janice , Niazi Manahil 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThe study aimed to study the association of leadership practices and patient safety culture in a dental hospital.DesignHospital-based, cross-sectional studySettingRiphah Dental Hospital (RDH), Islamabad, Pakistan.ParticipantsAll dentists working at RDH were invited to participate.Main outcome measuresA questionnaire comprised of the Transformational Leadership Scale (TLS) and the Dental adapted version of the Medical Office Survey of Patient Safety Culture (DMOSOPS) was distributed among the participants. The response rates for each dimension were calculated. The positive responses were added to calculate scores for each of the patient safety and leadership dimensions and the Total Leadership Score (TLS) and total patient safety score (TPSS). Correlational analysis is performed to assess any associations.ResultsA total of 104 dentists participated in the study. A high positive response was observed on three of the leadership dimensions: inspirational communication (85.25%), intellectual stimulation (86%), and supportive leadership (75.17%). A low positive response was found on the following items: ‘acknowledges improvement in my quality of work’ (19%) and ‘has a clear sense of where he/she wants our unit to be in 5 years’ (35.64%). The reported positive responses in the patient safety dimensions were high on three of the patient safety dimensions: organisational learning (78.41%), teamwork (82.91%), and patient care tracking/follow-up (77.05%); and low on work pressure and pace (32.02%). A moderately positive correlation was found between TLS and TPSS (r=0.455, p<0.001).ConclusionsLeadership was found to be associated with patient safety culture in a dental hospital. Leadership training programmes should be incorporated during dental training to prepare future leaders who can inspire a positive patient safety culture.
Comparison of growth patterns in the first year of life between term small for gestational age and appropriate for gestational age South Indian infants
Authors: Pai Shruti R , Padmanabha Ramya , Kamalakar Sanjana , Aravind Jini V , Puttaswamy Deepa , PN Rao Suman , Jois Srinivas K , Kamath Asha , Kuriyan Rebecca 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundEarly life growth trajectories of Indian small for gestational age (SGA) infants are sparse. This study aimed to compare longitudinal growth in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and SGA infants during their first year of life.MethodsApparently healthy term infants (52 SGA, 154 AGA) were recruited at birth and followed up till 1 year. Parental, sociodemographic characteristics and feeding patterns were recorded. Anthropometric measurements were assessed at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age; Z scores and growth velocity at 3-month intervals were computed. Longitudinal measurements were compared between the two groups, using the two-way Friedmans test. Median regression with mixed effects was used to adjust covariates; p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultAGA infants had significantly higher median weight (kg) (2.87 (2.67, 3.04) vs 2.39 (2.25, 2.54)) at birth, (7.08 (6.50, 7.54) vs 6.49 (6.13, 6.78)) at 6 months, (8.64 (7.92, 9.14) vs 7.90 (7.36, 8.54)) at 12 months, median length (cm) ((48.10 (47.20, 49.30) vs 46.75 (45.43, 47.50)) at birth, (65.50 (64.23, 66.98) vs 63.33 (62.26, 65.28)) at 6 months, (73.30 (71.58, 74.66) vs 71.55 (70.00, 73.30)) at 12 months. SGA infants had comparable weight velocity at all intervals except 9–12 months (6.62 (6.45, 6.79) vs (6.70 (6.51, 6.85)), being significantly higher than AGA infants. Differences in skinfold thicknesses between groups were observed only at birth. Exclusivity of breast feeding was significantly higher at 3 months in AGA, compared to SGA infants (80.9% vs 57.8%). Length velocity was comparable at all ages between groups. Sexual dimorphism was observed in the growth velocities of both groups.ConclusionSGA infants grew in parallel to AGA infants, having significantly lower anthropometric measurements at all time points. However, growth velocities were similar; SGA infants had significantly higher weight velocity from 9 to 12 months. Longitudinal studies beyond 1 year of age, using body composition are needed to determine the quality of growth in Indian infants.
Effects of trimetazidine on heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and associated clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nassiri Soufiane , Van de Bovenkamp Arno A , Remmelzwaal Sharon , Sorea Olimpia , de Man Frances , Handoko M Louis 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundDespite maximal treatment, heart failure (HF) remains a major clinical challenge. Besides neurohormonal overactivation, myocardial energy homoeostasis is also impaired in HF. Trimetazidine has the potential to restore myocardial energy status by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation, concomitantly enhancing glucose oxidation. Trimetazidine is an interesting adjunct treatment, for it is safe, easy to use and comes at a low cost.ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review to evaluate all available clinical evidence on trimetazidine in HF. We searched Medline/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify relevant studies.MethodsOut of 213 records, we included 28 studies in the meta-analysis (containing 2552 unique patients), which almost exclusively randomised patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The studies were relatively small (median study size: N=58) and of short duration (mean follow-up: 6 months), with the majority (68%) being open label.ResultsTrimetazidine in HFrEF was found to significantly reduce cardiovascular mortality (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.53) and HF hospitalisations (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.60). In addition, trimetazidine improved (New York Heart Association) functional class (mean difference: −0.44 (95% CI −0.49 to −0.39), 6 min walk distance (mean difference: +109 m (95% CI 105 to 114 m) and quality of life (standardised mean difference: +0.52 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.71). A similar pattern of effects was observed for both ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy.ConclusionsCurrent evidence supports the potential role of trimetazidine in HFrEF, but this is based on multiple smaller trials of varying quality in study design. We recommend a large pragmatic randomised clinical trial to establish the definitive role of trimetazidine in the management of HFrEF.