bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy outcomes and the effect of metformin treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an overview
Authors: GHAZEERI GHINA S. , NASSAR ANWAR H. , YOUNES ZEINA , AWWAD JOHNNY T. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract This article is a review of the literature assessing pregnancy outcomes and the effect of metformin treatment among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A review of research published in English was undertaken using PubMed and MEDLINE databases. The weight of the available evidence suggests that pregnant women with PCOS are at an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth and early pregnancy loss. Obesity is a contributory factor for the increased risk of gestational diabetes in this group of women and is estimated to affect 5–40% of pregnant women with PCOS. The prevalence of other obstetric complications is estimated at 10–30% for gestational hypertension, 8–15% for pre‐eclampsia and 6–15% for preterm birth. The association between PCOS and early pregnancy loss may not be direct, wherein the presence of PCOS‐associated hyperinsulinemia, leading to hyperandrogenemia, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of early pregnancy loss. Apart from the role of metformin in improving the metabolic consequences accompanying PCOS, it has been shown to improve pregnancy rates in women with PCOS who are resistant to clomiphene citrate. In conclusion, pregnancy in women with PCOS is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes (multiple adverse obstetric risk). Whether metformin should be administered throughout pregnancy still remains controversial. Further prospective studies that foster a larger number of participants and adjust for all potentially confounding factors are needed.
Urinary steroid profile in early pregnancy after in vitro fertilization
Authors: BÍRÓ ILDIKÓ , BUFA ANITA , WILHELM FERENC , MÁNFAI ZOLTÁN , KILÁR FERENC , GOCZE PÉTER MIKLÓS 
Published: February 2012

Abstract Objective. The aim of the study was to compare the levels of urinary steroid metabolites of patients with successful in vitro fertilization and patients who failed to achieve pregnancy. Design. Comparison of urinary steroid profiles prior to oocyte pick‐up and three weeks after embryo transfer. Setting. University hospital. Sample. Eleven women in the same age range with pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and eleven women who failed to achieve pregnancy. Methods. The standard “long” protocol was used for ovarian stimulation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection for assisted in vitro fertilization. The steroid metabolites in urine samples collected for 24 h were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Main outcome measures. Steroid metabolite levels in urine samples determined in the early pregnancy period. Results. The levels of androsterone, etiocholanolone, pregnanediol, tetrahydro‐11‐dehydrocorticosterone and tetrahydro‐corticosterone were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the urine of women with successful pregnancy three weeks after the embryo transfer, while the levels of tetrahydrocortisone, tetrahydrocortisol, allo‐tetrahydrocortisol and α‐cortolone became higher in the group of patients with unsuccessful pregnancy. Conclusions. The production of androgens, progesterone and corticoid steroid metabolites is altered in the early pregnancy period after in vitro fertilization.
Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder with oppositional defiant disorder in Swedish children – an open study of collaborative problem solving
Authors: Johnson Mats , Östlund Sven , Fransson Gunnar , Landgren Magnus , Nasic Salmir , Kadesjö Björn , Gillberg Christopher , Fernell Elisabeth 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim:  To evaluate collaborative problem solving (CPS) in Swedish 6–13‐year‐old children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).Methods:  Seventeen families completed 6–10 sessions of CPS training. Primary outcome measures were SNAP‐IV [attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ODD scores] and Clinical Global Impression‐Improvement (CGI‐I) scores at baseline, post‐intervention and 6 months later. Secondary outcome measures were the Conners’ 10‐item scale and the Family Burden of Illness Module (FBIM).Results:  All 17 participants completed the intervention. The whole group had significant reductions in SNAP‐IV ODD, ADHD, total Conners’ and FBIM scores, both at post‐intervention and at 6‐month follow‐up. Eight of the children, although significantly improved on ODD scores and the Conners’ emotional lability subscale at post‐intervention, had almost no improvement in hyperactivity/impulsivity. Post‐intervention, this group received stimulant medication for their ADHD. CGI‐I scores of much improved or very much improved were reached by 53% (9/17) of all at post‐intervention, and by 81% (13/16) at 6‐month follow‐up.Conclusion:  Collaborative problem solving significantly reduced ODD, ADHD and emotional lability symptoms. A subgroup improved in their ADHD symptoms only after adding stimulant medication.
Relative Bone Width of the Edentulous Maxillary Ridge. Clinical Implications of Digital Assessment in Presurgical Implant Planning
Authors: Katsoulis Joannis , Enkling Norbert , Takeichi Takuro , Urban Istvan A. , Mericske‐Stern Regina , Avrampou Marianna 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: Healthy, well‐structured mucosa may clinically disguise atrophic jawbone in preimplant diagnosis.Purpose: To analyze bone width in relation to the complete ridge thickness comparing the anterior with the posterior edentulous maxilla.Materials and Methods: Data of 52 patients (mean age 62 ± 9 years) who were edentulous for at least 1 year and who received implant treatment were analyzed. Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained and virtually analyzed in perpendicular sections of 12 maxillary positions (central and lateral incisors, canines, premolars, and first molars) using an implant planning software. Absolute thickness of complete jaw, bone, and mucosa were digitally measured at crestal and basal ridge levels allowing for relative bone width (B‐rel) calculation.Results: Mean B‐rel at crestal levels was lower than at basal levels (38.6% vs 51.5%, p < .001). Bone width increased significantly (p < .001) in the posterior maxilla at both levels, whereas the thickness of palatal and buccal mucosa was considerably stable. Mean basal B‐rel ranged from 49% (6.2 ± 2.0 mm) at incisors to 59% (9.0 ± 2.3 mm) at first molars (p < .001). Mean proportion of regions showing B‐rel < 50% were 43% at basal and 80% at crestal levels.Conclusions: The osseous volume of a large edentulous ridge might be clinically overestimated in preimplant diagnosis, as the relative bone width was generally lower than 50%. Clinicians can use the present results of the virtual bone and mucosa measurements to have a better first estimation of the osseous proportion depending on the maxillary area. However, up to date implant therapy for the edentulous maxilla requires CT‐based prosthetically driven implant planning and preferably combination with guided implant placement by transferring planning information to a surgical template.
The Effect of Repeated Torque in Small Diameter Implants with Machined and Premachined Abutments
Authors: Saboury Abolfazl , Neshandar Asli Hamid , Vaziri Shahram 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: Detorquing value is an important factor in the amount of preload stresses during abutment screw fastening. This study evaluated the percentage of detorque values in two‐piece machined titanium and premachined cast abutments in small diameter implants.Materials and Methods: Three groups of five samples were evaluated. Group 1 (G1), machined titanium abutments, group 2 (G2), premachined cast straight abutments that cast with gold‐palladium, and group 3 (G3), premachined angled cast abutments that cast with the same alloy, were angled before casting. Each abutment was torque to 24 Ncm according to the manufacturer's instructions and detorqued five times. The means of detorquing and torquing values in all groups were recorded. The mean of detorque in each group as a percentage of the toque value was calculated. The data for all groups were compared and calculated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t‐test.Results: Mean detorque values in G1, G2, and G3 were 88.1 ± 1.69, 93.1 ± 2.68, and 80.9 ± 4.95%, respectively. The ANOVA showed significant differences in mean of applied detorque (p < .001) and torque (p = .06) tightening among different groups. G2 had significantly greater detorque values (p < .05). No significant differences were found between G1 and G2. Surprisingly, abutment screw fracture occurred in three samples of G3.Conclusions: G3 showed significant percentage torque reduction (p < .05) and exhibited abutment screw fracture during evaluation. G2 presented the lowest torque reduction. Screw fracture occurred only in G3.
Malpositioned Osseointegrated Implants Relocated with Segmental Osteotomies: A Retrospective Analysis of a Multicenter Case Series with a 1‐ to 15‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Stacchi Claudio , Chen Stephen T. , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Rosen Daren , Poggio Carlo E. , Ronda Marco , Bacchini Marco , Di Lenarda Roberto 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTPurpose: This multicenter case series evaluates retrospectively the clinical outcomes of malpositioned implants surgically relocated in a more convenient position by segmental osteotomies.Materials and Methods: Authors who published, on indexed journals or books, works about malpositioned implant correction by segmental osteotomies were contacted. Five centers, out of 11 selected, accepted to participate in this study. The dental records of patients who underwent implant relocation procedures were reviewed. Implant survival rates were analyzed and a blinded assessor examined clinical photos and periapical radiographs to evaluate esthetic outcome (pink esthetic score [PES]) and changes of marginal bone level over time. Patients were requested to fill a verbal rating scale form about discomfort, compliance, and satisfaction related to the procedure.Results: Fifteen malpositioned implants relocated by segmental osteotomies were followed for a period ranging from 1 to 15 years (mean 6.0 ± 3.9 years). The overall implant survival rate from baseline to the last follow‐up visit was 100%. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.36 mm at the 12‐month follow‐up visit and no relevant further changes were observed at the following examinations. Significant esthetic improvement was recorded at 1‐year examination with PES evaluation (p < .0001). Patients' feedback described this procedure as not excessively invasive and uncomfortable, reporting a high final satisfaction rate.Conclusions: The present study suggests that implant relocation with segmental osteotomies could be an effective alternative method to correct the position of unrestorable malpositioned implants in a single‐stage surgery.
10‐Year Follow‐Up of Immediately Loaded Implants with TiUnite Porous Anodized Surface
Authors: Degidi Marco , Nardi Diego , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: The immediate loading of implants with a porous anodized surface is a well‐described technique. Few data are however available on the long‐term outcomes.Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the 10‐year performance of TiUnite implants supporting fixed prostheses placed with an immediate loading approach in both postextractive and healed sites.Materials and Methods: All patients received a fixed provisional restoration supported by immediately loaded parallel design, self‐tapping implants with a porous anodized TiUnite surface, and an external‐hexagonal connection. Both healed and postextractive cases were included. Success and survival rate for restorations and implants, changes in marginal peri‐implant bone level, probing depth measurements, biological or technical complications, and any other adverse event were recorded at yearly follow‐up up to 10 years after surgery.Results: A total of 210 implants fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were consecutively placed in 59 patients. Forty‐seven (22.38%) implants were lost because of the recalled patient refused to attend the planned 10‐year follow‐up. Five over 210 (2.38%) implants were lost. At the final follow‐up, the accumulated mean marginal bone loss and probing depth were, respectively, 1.93 mm (SD 0.40) and 2.54 mm (SD 0.44) for the implants placed in healed sites (n = 84); 1.98 mm (SD 0.37) and 2.63 mm (SD 0.39) for the implants placed in postextractive sites (n = 74). The restorations examined achieved a cumulative 65.26% success rate and 97.96% survival rate. The implants placed in healed and postextractive sites, respectively, achieved a 98.05% and a 96.52% cumulative survival rate.Conclusions: Positive results in terms of bone maintenance in the long‐term perspective are to be expected using immediately loaded implants with a TiUnite porous anodized surface in both postextractive and healed sites when adequate levels of oral hygiene are kept.
Organ and tissue donation‐related attitudes, education and practices of emergency department clinicians in Australia
Authors: Jelinek George A , Marck Claudia H , Weiland Tracey J , Neate Sandra L , Hickey Bernadette B 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective: The ED is emerging as a priority for efforts to improve rates of organ and tissue donation (OTD) in Australia, but little is known of ED clinicians' attitudes, education or practices in the area. We aimed to determine the attitudes and OTD‐related educational background and practices of Australian ED clinicians.Methods: This was a national cross‐sectional survey of members of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) and the College of Emergency Nursing Australasia (CENA); online questionnaire of 133 items, graded responses using Likert and ordinal multi‐category scales, plus open‐ended qualitative questions.Results: Of 2969 ACEM members, 599 (20.2%) responded; of 1026 CENA members, 212 (20.7%) responded. Respondents were broadly representative of the membership, with male trainee specialists underrepresented. Most ED staff supported OTD, although many were not certain that facilitating OTD was their role, or that the ED was the right place to identify donors. Around a quarter of medical and nursing staff had received no education regarding OTD. Having received education was related to professional status, cultural background, place of work and years of experience, and was significantly associated with attitude towards OTD and whether staff participated in OTD‐related tasks.Conclusions: More education on OTD is needed and requested by ED clinicians in Australia, particularly on OTD after cardiac death, management of a donor, brain death and obtaining consent. Postgraduate curricula should reflect this need for more OTD‐related education in emergency medicine and nursing.
An Internet Survey of Demographic and Health Factors Associated with Risk of Sexual Dysfunction in Women Who Have Sex with Women
Authors: Shindel Alan W. , Rowen Tami S. , Lin Tzu-Chun , Li Chin-Shang , Robertson Patricia A. , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There has been scant attention to predictors of sexual dysfunction in women who have sex with women (WSW).

Aim
To investigate the associations of high risk for sexual dysfunction in an Internet cohort of WSW.

Main Outcome Measure
A modified version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used to quantify each subject’s sexual function.

Methods
Women who have sex with women were invited to participate in an Internet-based survey by invitations posted on e-mail listservs and on social media sites catering to WSW. Ethnodemographic, health status, and sexual/relationship data were collected.

Results
The study was completed by 2,433 adult women. Of these, 1,566 participants had complete data on the FSFI and comprised the study cohort; 388 (24.8%) met the FSFI criteria for high risk of female sexual dysfunction (HRFSD). On multivariable analysis, the following variables were found to be independently associated with the HRFSD; moderate or severe subjective bother regarding sexual function (OR 4.8, 95% CI 3.0–7.9 and 13.7, 95% CI 7.5–25.1, respectively), overactive bladder (OAB) (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0–4.5), having a nonfemale or no partner (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.7 and 3.2, 95% CI 2.0–5.2, respectively). A history of pregnancy was associated with lower odds of HRFSD (OR 0.567, 95% CI 0.37–0.87). Mean FSFI domain scores for all domains except desire were negatively impacted by partner factors and OAB.

Conclusions
A single-item question on sexual bother is strongly predictive of potentially distressing sexual problems in the WSW. A number of health and social factors are associated with risk of sexual problems in the WSW. Assessment of sexual well-being in the WSW is a priority for practicing healthcare providers.
Observations of turbidity in the Thames Estuary, United Kingdom
Authors: Mitchell Steve , Akesson Lars , Uncles Reginald 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTwo years of data of water level, salinity and turbidity have been analysed to understand the response of the estuarine turbidity maximum in the Thames to variations in tidal range and freshwater flow. We show the increase in turbidity in spring, together with a sudden decrease in autumn after fluvial flooding. In order to try to understand the mechanisms, we also present data from individual tides. During dry periods, there is a period of slack water around high tide when settling occurs. There is little equivalent settling at low tide, nor is there any significant settling during wet weather periods, pointing to the importance of tidal asymmetry at certain times of year. We also present an empirical relationship between peak tidal water level and turbidity during flood tides, which clearly shows the greater landward transport of sediment under spring tides, although this is moderated by the availability of erodible material.
Quine on Objects: Realism or Anti‐Realism?
Authors: KESKINEN ANTTI 
Published: February 2012

AbstractW. V. Quine describes himself as a “robust realist” about physical objects in the external world. This realism about objects is due to Quine's naturalism. On the other hand, Quine's naturalistic epistemology involves a conception of objects as posits that we introduce in our theories about the world. This conception of objects can be seen as anti‐realist rather than realist. In this article, I discuss the questions whether there is a tension between Quine's realism and his epistemological conception of objects, and how Quine's conception of objects should be understood if he is also to be regarded as a realist. I also address the question whether Quine should be placed on the realist or the anti‐realist side of the current realism debate. I argue that Quine's conception of objects as posits is a general account of the nature of objects, and that this account does not conflict with Quine's realism as long as this realism is properly understood. I also argue that Quine cannot be placed on either side of the contemporary realism debate, since his realism is not metaphysical realism and his conception of objects is not an anti‐realist doctrine according to which objects would be less than real.
An Important Ornithischian Tracksite in the Early Jurassic of the Shenmu Region, Shaanxi, China
Authors: Jianjun LI , LOCKLEY Martin G. , Yuguang ZHANG , Songmei HU , Masaki MATSUKAWA , Zhiqiang BAI 
Published: February 2012

Abstract:A large track site with multiple, well‐preserved trackways of an Early Jurassic quadrupedal ornithischian dinosaur is the first report of Moyenisauripus‐like trackways from Asia, herein named Shenmuichnus youngteilhardorum. The tracks occur in a clastic fluvial sequence in the Fuxian Formation in Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province, which is in the same general region as the discovery site of Sinoichnites, the first dinosaur track reported from China. Based on size and morphology, it is likely that Sinoichnites, which is now lost, also represents an ornithischian. The Shenmuichnus youngteilhardorum trackways show two modes of preservation: the first representing deeper tracks, with sediment rims, results in Deltapodus‐like tracks, with indistinct pes digit traces and sub‐circular manus traces, the second produces Moyenosauripus‐like tracks, with clear tridactyl and pentadactyl digit traces in the pes and manus respectively. Thus the Shenmu trackways play a key role in resolving globally significant ichnotaxonomic problems surrounding the nomenclature of Sinoichnites, Moyenosauripus, Deltapodus and other named (Ravatichnus) and unnamed trackways from Asia, Africa and Europe. In addition they shed important light on the paleogeographical and paleoecological distribution of quadrupedal ornithischians in the Early Mesozoic. The track site has been the focus of a major excavation to transfer the trackways from their original remote location to the new Shenmu Museum, in Shenmu City. Other tracksites in the area which reveal Anomoepus, Grallator and the Deltapodus morphotype, together with Shenmuichnus and plant fossil evidence, suggest an Early Jurassic age for the tracksite.
Ginkgo Huolinhensis sp. nov. from the Lower Cretaceous of Huolinhe Coal Field, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Man DONG , Ge SUN 
Published: February 2012

Abstract:A new species, Ginkgo huolinhensis sp. nov., with well‐preserved cuticle from the Lower Cretaceous, Huolinhe Formation of Huolinhe Coal Field in Inner Mongolia, China, was studied morphologically and anatomically. The main characters of the new species are found in the leaves which are deeply dissected with narrow lobes, trichomes developed on both upper and lower epidermal cells, a media papilla developed on the periclinal walls for each cell in upper cuticle, and no trichomes on the cuticle of the petioles. These characters of G. huolinhensis sp. nov. distinguish from the known species of Ginkgo previously reported. This study of the new species is beneficial for the taxonomic research of fossil Ginkgo, and should be helpful for a better understanding the paleoenvironment of Ginkgo living in northeastern China during the Early Cretaceous.
Effect and Prospect of Basic Geological Survey Based on Airborne Gravimetry in China
Authors: Wenyong LI , Jianxin ZHOU , Shengqing XIONG , Zhihong GUO , Wenfen LU , Jianchun XU , Yanxu LIU 
Published: February 2012

Abstract:The airborne gravimetry was an important leap and innovation in the world's history of geophysical exploration. China's first test of the airborne gravity geological survey in the onshore‐offshore transitional area of the western and southern part of the Bohai Sea was successful and effective in geology. Based on the airborne gravity data, and combining previous ground gravity, seismic and drilling data etc., we carried out the geological interpretation by forward and inverse methods. The result shows that the airborne Bouguer gravity anomaly was clear, the fracture interpretation was reliable, and the inversion depth of the main geological interfaces was relatively accurate. This airborne gravity geological survey not only filled the exploring gaps in the onshore‐offshore transitional area, and realized the geological and tectonic junction between the sea and the land, but also discovered four local gravity anomalies, 11 fractures and three sags or subsags, and so on. The good geological effect of airborne gravimetry not restricted by terrain condition shows that it can be served as a new geophysical method in the exploration of complex terrain physiognomy area such as mountain, jungle, desert, marsh, onshore‐offshore transitional area and so on, and has an extensive application prospect in China in the future.