bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Page Kidney: Etiology, Renal Function Outcomes and Risk for Future Hypertension
Authors: Smyth Andrew , Collins C. Scott , Thorsteinsdottir Bjorg , Madsen Bo Enemark , Oliveira Guilherme H.M. , Kane Garvan , Garovic Vesna D. 
Published: March 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:216–221. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The initial description of Page kidney, a form of renin‐mediated hypertension, included athletes with renal subcapsular hematoma after flank trauma. Subsequently, nontraumatic etiologies were identified. In this study, the authors compare traumatic and nontraumatic causes of Page kidney. All cases with hypertension attributable to renal hematoma at our institution from 1960 to 2010 were reviewed. Twenty‐six patients (9 trauma, 17 nontrauma), with a mean age of 36.7 years, were included. Trauma patients were younger (P<.001), had lower systolic blood pressures (P=.011), and higher baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), (P=.027) at presentation. No differences in presenting features, imaging, urinalysis, or pathology are noted. Nontrauma cases required more antihypertensive medications (P=.001) and had higher nephrectomy rates. eGFR improved in all, but more in, trauma cases (P=.05). Through the analysis of 26 cases of Page kidney, two distinct groups were identified. Trauma patients tended to be younger, male, have less renal impairment and lower systolic blood pressure. Nontrauma patients required more antihypertensive medications and had a higher nephrectomy rate. New‐onset hypertension occurred independent of etiology, calling for close surveillance of blood pressures.
Interpreting Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Cousins David A. , Grunze Heinz 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThe episodic nature of bipolar disorder together with the ostensibly polar extremes of mania and depression have favored the acceptance of a functional model postulating regionally disturbed brain activity returning to normal with time or treatment. Seemingly contrary to that view, anatomical imaging studies have demonstrated abnormalities in brain structure which could reflect neurodegeneration or represent disturbed neuronal development. Resolution may come from an appreciation of adult neurogenesis, especially given the neuroprotective properties of drugs, such as lithium and their effects on brain volume. The brain regions vulnerable to structural changes also show evidence of dysfunction, giving rise to corticolimbic dysregulation interpretations of bipolar disorder. This article reviews the structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging data in bipolar disorder. Its focus is on the interpretation of findings in light of recent developments in the fields of neurobiology and image analysis, with particular attention paid to both the confounding effects of medication and the baseline energy state of the brain.
Excessive Autophagy Contributes to Neuron Death in Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Shi Ruoyang , Weng Jiequn , Zhao Ling , Li Xin‐Min , Gao Tian‐Ming , Kong Jiming 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYAims: To determine the extent to which autophagy contributes to neuronal death in cerebral hypoxia and ischemia. Methods: We performed immunocytochemistry, western blot, cell viability assay, and electron microscopy to analyze autophagy activities in vitro and in vivo.Results: In both primary cortical neurons and SH‐SY5Y cells exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)for 6 h and reperfusion (RP) for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, an increase of autophagy was observed as determined by the increased ratio of LC3‐II to LC3‐I and Beclin‐1 (BECN1) expression. Using Fluoro‐Jade C and monodansylcadaverine double‐staining, and electron microscopy we found the increment in autophagy after OGD/RP was accompanied by increased autophagic cell death, and this increased cell death was inhibited by the specific autophagy inhibitor, 3‐methyladenine. The presence of large autolysosomes and numerous autophagosomes in cortical neurons were confirmed by electron microscopy. Autophagy activities were increased dramatically in the ischemic brains 3–7 days postinjury from a rat model of neonatal cerebral hypoxia/ischemia as shown by increased punctate LC3 staining and BECN1 expression. Conclusion: Excessive activation of autophagy contributes to neuronal death in cerebral ischemia.
High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein is a Strong Risk Factor for Death after Acute Ischemic Stroke among Chinese
Authors: Huang Yue , Jing Jing , Zhao Xing‐Quan , Wang Chun‐Xue , Wang Yi‐Long , Liu Gai‐Fen , Wang Chun‐Juan , Liu Li‐Ping , Yang Xiao‐Meng , Jiao Yan , Jiao Yun , Wang Li‐Shi , Wang Yong‐Jun , Gu Wei‐Kuan 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYBackground and purpose: Elevated plasma C‐reactive protein (CRP) has been suggested as a risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS) and coronary ischemic disease. Evidence has shown that high‐sensitivity CRP (hs‐CRP) is related to a worsening prognosis after IS, but hs‐CRP was rare in a large‐sample study in a Chinese population. We investigated the associations between hs‐CRP and outcome of Chinese patients after acute IS. Methods: Seven hundred and forty‐one consecutive acute IS patients (74.9% male, mean age 60.9 years), with baseline characteristics and hs‐CRP measured within 24 h after hospitalization, were admitted in this study. We also prospectively followed up for clinical outcome and death 3 months after disease onset. hs‐CRP was divided into two categories: hs‐CRP >3 mg/L and hs‐CRP ≤3 mg/L. Survival analysis using multivariable Cox regression was performed to analyze the association between hs‐CRP and stroke outcomes after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: Compared with low hs‐CRP, patients with high hs‐CRP (>3 mg/L) had a significantly higher rate of all‐cause death (0.71% vs. 10.00%; P < 0.001) at 3 months after stroke onset. High hs‐CRP was an independent risk factor for all‐cause death (HR, 6.48; 95% CI, 1.41 to 29.8; P= 0.016), as well as history of atrial fibrillation (HR, 5.24; 95% CI, 1.83 to 15.0; P= 0.002), no statin therapy during hospitalization (HR, 4.56; 95% CI, 2.18 to 9.55; P < 0.001), high homocysteine (>15.1 mmol/L) (HR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.26 to 5.60; P= 0.01); fasting glucose (>6.1 mmol/L) (HR, 9.14; 95% CI, 3.34 to 25.0; P < 0.001), NIHSS at admission (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.35 to 4.09; P= 0.003) and history of coronary heart disease (CHD) (HR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.06 to 5.17; P= 0.035). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed a higher risk of death for patients with hs‐CRP >3 mg/L (P= 0.016). Conclusion: Elevated plasma hs‐CRP independently predicted risk of all‐cause death within 3 months after acute IS in Chinese patients.
Shoulder Rotator Cuff Responses to Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy: Morphological and Immunohistochemical Analysis
Authors: BrañEs Julian , Contreras Hector R. , Cabello Pablo , Antonic Vlado , Guiloff Leonardo J. , Brañes Manuel 
Published: March 2012

Background Application of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) induces an improvement in tissue healing associated with augmented tissue perfusion. The present study aimed to investigate the responses of human rotator cuff tissue to the application of ESWT. Methods Thirty-one consecutive patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tendinopathy with complete tears were approached and enrolled in the present study. Before surgical resolution, a single treatment of focused ESWT was offered to all patients. Ten patients accepted such treatment and 21 refused ESWT. Tendon tissue biopsies were collected for evaluation using haematoxylin and eosin and characterized according to the Riley Classification. Vascular volume area (VVA) was determined semi-quantitatively and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis included CD14, CD34, PCNA, Tenascin-C and D2-40 markers. Results Distribution of grade according to the Riley Classification with respect to study group was: Group A: Grade III ( n = 9), Grade IV ( n = 1); Group B: Grade III ( n = 13), Grade IV ( n = 8). Mean group-specific VVA analysis was 18.47% and 7.03% for Group A and Group B, respectively. IHC Grade III protein staining was significantly more prevalent in Group A compared to Group B for CD34, PCNA, Tenascin-C and D2-40 ( p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusions ESWT is associated with increased neovascularization and neolymphangiogenesis in rotator cuff tendinopathy. IHC analysis suggests an improvement in healing response in the ESWT-treated tendon.
Phase I Study to Determine the Maximal Tolerated Dose and Dose‐Limiting Toxicities of Orally Administered Idarubicin in Dogs with Lymphoma
Authors: Vail D.M. , Husbands B.D. , Kamerling S.G. , Simpson H. , Kurzman I.D. , McDonnell A. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundIdarubicin, a PO bioavailable anthracycline antibiotic‐class chemotherapeutic, could have substantial convenience advantages over currently available similar class agents in use that requireIVdelivery.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD), dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs), and basic pharmacokinetic parameters of oral idarubicin exposure in dogs with lymphoma after a single oral dose. A secondary objective was to document preliminary antitumor efficacy in an expanded treatment cohort using the establishedMTD.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs with measurable lymphoma.MethodsDogs (n = 31) were enrolled in a prospective open label phase I study of oral idarubicin. By means of a 3 + 3 cohort design, dose escalations were made with 3 dogs per dose level, and theMTDwas established based on the number of patients experiencing aDLT. Plasma concentrations of idarubicin and idarubicinol were determined by postdose sampling. Assessment of antitumor efficacy focused on evaluation of accessible, measurable lymph nodes and skin lesions by modifiedRECISTguidelines.ResultsTheMTDin dogs > 15 kg body weight was 22 mg/m2. Adverse hematologic events (neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) were the predominantDLTand generally correlated with higher plasma concentrations of idarubicin and idarubicinol.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePO administered idarubicin was generally well‐tolerated and had preliminary antitumor activity in dogs with lymphoma. Furthermore, the potential clinical advantage of a safe and efficacious oral anthracycline alternative supports further investigations of this agent in repeated‐dose, randomized clinical trials.
Systematic Review of Efficacy of Nutraceuticals to Alleviate Clinical Signs of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Vandeweerd J.‐M. , Coisnon C. , Clegg P. , Cambier C. , Pierson A. , Hontoir F. , Saegerman C. , Gustin P. , Buczinski S. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundVarious treatments of osteoarthritis (OA) have been described, including use of nutraceuticals.ObjectivesTo review systematically the literature about the effects of nutraceuticals on clinical signs of pain or abnormal locomotion in horses, dogs, and cats, and to discuss methodological aspects of trials and systematic reviews.MethodsA systematic search of controlled trials evaluating the impact of nutraceuticals onOAin horses, dogs, and cats was performed, using Medline,CABAbstracts, and Google Scholar. Scientific evidence was evaluated by means of criteria proposed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and a scoring system adapted from both theCONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement and recommendations for assessing trials by the Center of Evidence Based Medicine of Oxford.ResultsTwenty‐two papers were selected and reviewed, with 5 studies performed in horses, 16 in dogs, and 1 in cats. The strength of evidence was low for all nutraceuticals except for omega‐3 fatty acid in dogs. There were limited numbers of rigorous randomized controlled trials and of participants in clinical trials.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe evidence of efficacy of nutraceuticals is poor, with the exception of diets supplemented with omega‐3 fatty acids in dogs. Greater access to systematic reviews must be part of the objectives of the veterinary science in the future. Their reporting would be improved by internationally agreed‐upon criteria for standards and guidelines.
Cholesterol‐enriched membrane rafts and insulin secretion
Authors: Dirkx Jr Ronald , Solimena Michele 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe failure of pancreatic β‐cells to supply insulin in quantities sufficient to maintain euglycemia is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Perturbation of β‐cell cholesterol homeostasis, culminating in elevated intracellular cholesterol levels, impairs insulin secretion and has therefore been proposed as a mechanism contributing to β‐cell dysfunction. The manner in which this occurs, however, is unclear. Cholesterol is an essential lipid, as well as a major component of membrane rafts, and numerous proteins critical for the regulation of insulin secretion have been reported to associate with these domains. Although this suggests that alterations in membrane rafts could partially account for the reduction in insulin secretion observed when β‐cell cholesterol accumulates, this has not yet been demonstrated. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent work implicating membrane rafts in some of the basic molecular mechanisms of insulin secretion, and discuss the insight it provides into the β‐cell dysfunction characteristic of type 2 diabetes. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2012.00200.x, 2012)
Frequency distributions of 174 fractures of the distal condyles of the third metacarpal and metatarsal bones in 167 Thoroughbred racehorses (1999–2009)
Authors: Jacklin B. D. , Wright I. M. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryReasons for performing study:Although fractures of the metacarpal and metatarsal condyles are the most common long‐bone fractures of Thoroughbred horses in training, limited data on variations in morphology and incidence have been published. Additionally, grouped analyses of previous studies from the UK and USA would permit comparison between study groups and the creation of a substantial pool of international data.Methods:Retrospective analysis of case records of horses with fractures of the distal condyles of third metacarpal/metatarsal bones seen over the last 10 years at Newmarket Equine Hospital. The current series was compared with a prior series from the UK; pooled analyses of these, and series from the USA were also compared.Results:One hundred and seventy‐four fractures were identified in 167 racehorses. The current series contained a significantly lower proportion of medial condylar fractures than in a similar population 17 years earlier. Fractures that originated more abaxially tended to be shorter, and a significant proportion of lateral condylar fractures arose outside of the condylar groove. There was also some apparent seasonality of fractures of the lateral condyles in 2‐year‐old horses, but not so in older horses or those with medial condylar fractures.Conclusions and potential relevance:A substantial portion (approximately 50%) of fractures in the present series cannot be explained by unifying theories of aetiopathogenesis, which suggest that fractures usually arise within the condylar groove, as a focus of cumulative fatigue and failure of adaptation of bone. A separate aetiopathogenesis may be responsible for a proportion of condylar fractures encountered in racehorses, and further work is required to elucidate this. Changes in the number of medial condylar fractures encountered may reflect the introduction of artificial racing and training surfaces, and also may reflect changes in the age demographic of horses racing in the UK since the introduction of year‐round ‘all‐weather’ racing.
In search of a novel antifungal agent: probing molecular interactions of fluconazole and its analogues with model membranes by NMR and DSC techniques
Authors: Pawar Bhakti , Joshi Mamata , Srivastava Sudha , Kanyalkar Meena 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Objectives
In search of a novel antifungal agent with high susceptibility and increased antifungal potency it is necessary to increase the overall lipophilicity of these agents. In view of that, we have synthesized different carboxylic acid ester analogues of fluconazole, such as fluconazole-benzoate, fluconazole-p-nitrobenzoate, fluconazole-p-methoxybenzoate and fluconazole-toluate, with varying degrees of lipophilicity. In order to probe molecular level interactions of these molecules with biomembrane, lipid bilayers prepared from l-α-dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) as the model membrane were used.

Methods
Multinuclear and multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the changes in the thermotropic properties, organization of the membrane and intermolecular interactions.

Key findings
Fluconazole and its analogues show varying degrees of changes in the DPPC bilayer's architecture and physico-chemical characteristics. This might influence important biological features of fungal biomembranes that could be responsible for their respective antifungal effects.

Conclusions
The study indicates that fluconazole-p-methoxybenzoate is the most active among all analogues and therefore could be the most promising antifungal candidate.
Draft Genome Sequence of Sphingomonas echinoides ATCC 14820
Authors: Shin Seung Chul , Kim Su Jin , Ahn Do Hwan , Lee Jong Kyu , Park Hyun 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Sphingomonas
is a Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, chemoheterotrophic, strictly aerobic bacterium. The bacterium is known to be metabolically versatile and can utilize a wide range of natural compounds as well as some types of environmental contaminants, such as creosote, polychlorinated biphenyls, etc. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Sphingomonas echinoides
ATCC 14820, which will provide additional information to enhance our understanding of metabolic versatility of
Sphingomonas
.
Genome Sequence of
Pseudomonas
sp. Strain PAMC 25886, Isolated from Alpine Glacial Cryoconite
Authors: Shin Seung Chul , Kim Su Jin , Hong Soon Gyu , Ahn Do Hwan , Lee Yung Mi , Lee Hyoungseok , Lee Jungeun , Park Hyun 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas
spp. have shown characteristics of efficiently metabolizing environmental pollutants and also producing exopolysaccharides known as biofilms. Here we present the draft genome sequence of
Pseudomonas
sp. strain PAMC 25886, which was isolated from glacier cryoconite in the Alps mountain permafrost region and which may provide further insight into biodegradative and/or biofilm-producing mechanisms in a cold environment.
Genome Sequence of a Serotype b Non-JP2 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Strain, ANH9381, from a Periodontally Healthy Individual
Authors: Chen Casey , Kittichotirat Weerayuth , Chen Weizhen , Downey Jennifer S. , Bumgarner Roger 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Gram-negative
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
can be distinguished (based on the promoter structure of the leukotoxin operon) into JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes, with the former found to be more pathogenic than the latter. Here we report the first complete genome sequence of a serotype b non-JP2 strain of
A. actinomycetemcomitans
.
Ablation of MMP9 induces survival and differentiation of cardiac stem cells into cardiomyocytes in the heart of diabetics: a role of extracellular matrix
Authors: Mishra Paras Kumar , Chavali Vishalakshi , Metreveli Naira , Tyagi Suresh C. 
Published: March 2012

The contribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) to stem cell survival and differentiation is unequivocal, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) induces ECM turn over; however, the role of MMP9 in the survival and differentiation of cardiac stem cells is unclear. We hypothesize that ablation of MMP9 enhances the survival and differentiation of cardiac stem cells into cardiomyocytes in diabetics. To test our hypothesis, Ins2+/− Akita, C57 BL/6J, and double knock out (DKO: Ins2+/−/MMP9−/−) mice were used. We created the DKO mice by deleting the MMP9 gene from Ins2+/−. The above 3 groups of mice were genotyped. The activity and expression of MMP9 in the 3 groups were determined by in-gel gelatin zymography, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy. To determine the role of MMP9 in ECM stiffness (fibrosis), we measured collagen deposition in the histological sections of hearts using Masson’s trichrome staining. The role of MMP9 in cardiac stem cell survival and differentiation was determined by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) of MMP9 with c-kit (a marker of stem cells) and measuring the level of troponin I (a marker of cardiomyocytes) by confocal microscopy in the 3 groups. Our results revealed that ablation of MMP9 (i) reduces the stiffness of ECM by decreasing collagen accumulation (fibrosis), and (ii) enhances the survival (elevated c-kit level) and differentiation of cardiac stem cells into cardiomyocytes (increased troponin I) in diabetes. We conclude that inhibition of MMP9 ameliorates stem cell survival and their differentiation into cardiomyocytes in diabetes.
Islet protective and insulin secretion property of Murraya koenigii and Ocimum tenuflorum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Dusane Menakshi Bhat , Joshi Bimba N. 
Published: March 2012

The present study investigates the antidiabetogenic effects of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spr. and Ocimum tenuflorum L. on streptozotocin-induced diabetic Swiss mice. Treatment with extracts of M. koenigii (chloroform; MKC) and O. tenuflorum (aqueous; OTA) resulted in proper glucose utilization with an increase in liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity, and normal glycogenesis in hepatic and muscle tissues. Pancreatic and intestinal glucosidase inhibitory activity observed with MKC and OTA treatment indicated beneficial effects in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia with concomitant improvement in glucose metabolism. The glucosidase inhibition was prolonged, even after discontinuation of MKC and OTA treatment. Normalization of plasma insulin and C-peptide levels was observed in diabetic mice, indicating endogenous insulin secretion after treatment. The histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of pancreatic islets suggests the role of MKC and OTA in pancreatic β-cell protection and the functional pancreatic islets that produce insulin. The study demonstrates the significance of MKC and OTA in glucosidase inhibition and islet protection in the murine diabetic model. These findings suggest the potential of the extracts in adjuvant therapy for the treatment of diabetes and the possible development of potential neutraceuticals.
The glaciogenic unconformity of the southern North Sea
Authors: Moreau J. , Huuse M. , Janszen A. , van der Vegt P. , Gibbard P. L. , Moscariello A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The southern North Sea is a shallow epicontinental sea that was glaciated several times during the Quaternary. The area is known for its remarkable record of tunnel valleys, the age and origin of which are debated. The recent availability of continuous three-dimensional seismic data between the coasts of Britain and the Netherlands provides the opportunity to establish a new seismic interpretation workflow adapted to the intracratonic glaciogenic successions. By analysing the geomorphology of the buried basal glaciogenic unconformity, four distinct major ice fronts are identified and correlated onshore. The ice fronts provide robust relative timelines, and the analysis of tunnel-valley orientations and their merging points indicates that the number of glacial phases has been underestimated. By comparing the erosion capacities of sand and chalk substrates, it is suggested that mechanical abrasion processes are also involved during tunnel-valley genesis. The methods and observations used in this study are applicable to the ancient glaciogenic record in general and constitute a basis for the sedimentological analysis of tunnel valleys.