bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deposition of P-Type Nanocrystalline Silicon Using High Pressure in a VHF-PECVD Single Chamber System
Authors: Zhang Xiaodan , Wang Guanghong , Zheng Xinxia , Xu Shengzhi , Wei Changchun , Sun Jian , Geng Xinhua , Xiong Shaozhen , Zhao Ying 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article, we present a study of boron-doped hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si: H) films by very high frequency-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF-PECVD) using high deposition pressure. Electrical, structural and optical properties of the films were investigated. Dark conductivity as high as 2.75S/cm of p-type nc-Si: H prepared at 2.5Torr pressure has been achieved at a deposition rate of 1.75Å/s for 25nm thin film. By controlling boron and phosphorus contamination, single junction nc-Si: H solar cells incorporated p-layers prepared under high pressure and low pressure, respectively, were deposited. It has been proven that nanocrystalline silicon solar cells with incorporation of p layer prepared at high pressure has resulted in enhanced open circuit voltage, short circuit current density and subsequently high conversion efficiency. Through the optimization of the bottom solar cell and application of ZnO/Al back reflector, 10.59% initial conversion efficiency of micromorph tandem solar cell (1.027cm2) with an open circuit voltage of 1.3864V, has been fabricated, where the bottom solar cell using a high pressure p layer was deposited in a single chamber.
The Value of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment for Patient Care in Acutely Hospitalized Older Patients with Cancer
Authors: Hamaker Marije E. , Buurman Bianca M. , van Munster Barbara C. , Kuper Ingeborg M.J.A. , Smorenburg Carolien H. , Rooij Sophia E. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Introduction.
A comprehensive geriatric assessment systematically collects information on geriatric conditions and is propagated in oncology as a useful tool when assessing older cancer patients.

Objectives.
The objectives were: (a) to study the prevalence of geriatric conditions in cancer patients aged ≥65 years, acutely admitted to a general medicine ward; (b) to determine functional decline and mortality within 12 months after admission; and (c) to assess which geriatric conditions and cancer-related variables are associated with 12-month mortality.

Methods.
This was an observational cohort study of 292 cancer patients aged ≥65 years, acutely admitted to the general medicine and oncology wards of two university hospitals and one secondary teaching hospital. Baseline assessments included patient characteristics, reason for admission, comorbidity, and geriatric conditions. Follow-up at 3 and 12 months was aimed at functional decline (loss of one or more activities of daily living [ADL]) and mortality.

Results.
The median patient age was 74.9 years, and 95% lived independently; 126 patients (43%) had metastatic disease. A high prevalence of geriatric conditions was found for instrumental ADL impairment (78%), depressive symptoms (65%), pain (65%), impaired mobility (48%), malnutrition (46%), and ADL impairment (38%).
Functional decline was observed in 8% and 33% of patients at 3 and 12 months, respectively. Mortality rates were 38% at 3 months and 64% at 12 months. Mortality was associated with cancer-related factors only.

Conclusion.
In these acutely hospitalized older cancer patients, mortality was only associated with cancer-related factors. The prevalence of geriatric conditions in this population was high. Future research is needed to elucidate if addressing these conditions can improve quality of life.
NS3 Protease Polymorphism and Natural Resistance to Protease Inhibitors in French Patients Infected with HCV Genotypes 1–5
Authors:   the ANRS AC11 HCV Group, Vallet Sophie , Viron Florent , Henquell Cecile , Le Guillou-Guillemette Helene , Lagathu Giséle , Abravanel Florence , Trimoulet Pascale , Soussan Patrick , Schvoerer Evelyne , Rosenberg Arielle , Gouriou Stephanie , Colson Philippe , Izopet Jacques , Payan Christopher 
Published: September 2011

Background Resistant HCV populations may pre-exist in patients before NS3 protease inhibitor therapy and would likely be selected under specific antiviral pressure. The higher prevalence and lower rate of response to treatment associated with HCV genotype 1 infections has led to drug discovery efforts being focused primarily on enzymes produced by this genotype. Protease inhibitors may also be useful for non-genotype-1-infected patients, notably for non-responders. Methods We investigated the prevalence of dominant resistance mutations and polymorphism in 298 HCV pro-tease-inhibitor-naive patients infected with HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. Genotype-specific NS3 primers were designed to amplify and sequence the NS3 protease gene. Results None of the 233 analysed sequences contained major telaprevir (TVR) or boceprevir (BOC) resistance mutations (R155K/T/M, A156S/V/T and V170A). Some substitutions (V36L, T54S, Q80K/R, D168Q and V170T) linked to low or moderate decreases in HCV sensitivity to protease inhibitors were prevalent according to genotype (between 2% and 100%). Other than genotype signature mutations at positions 36, 80 and 168, the most frequent substitution was T54S (4 genotype 1 and 2 genotype 4 sequences). All genotype 2–5 sequences had the non-genotype-1 signature V36L mutation known to confer low-level resistance to both TVR and BOC. Conclusions We have developed an HCV protease NS3 inhibitor resistance genotyping tool suitable for use with HCV genotypes 1–5. Polymorphism data is valuable for interpreting genotypic resistance profiles in cases of failure of anti-HCV NS3 protease treatment.
Pharmacokinetics of Abacavir and its Anabolite Carbovir Triphosphate without and with Darunavir/ Ritonavir or Raltegravir in HIV-Infected Subjects
Authors: Jackson Akil , Moyle Graeme , Dickinson Laura , Back David , Khoo Saye , Taylor Jessica , Gedela Keerti , Abongomera George , Gazzard Brian , Boffito Marta 
Published: September 2011

Background Here, we aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of abacavir and carbovir triphosphate (CBV-TP) with darunavir/ritonavir 900/100 mg once daily or raltegravir 400 mg twice daily. Methods HIV-infected subjects on abacavir (600 mg once daily) underwent steady-state pharmacokinetic assessments without and with darunavir/ritonavir or raltegravir. Within-subject changes in plasma and intracellular pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% CIs. Results A total of 19 patients completed the study. With darunavir/ritonavir (versus abacavir alone), abacavir GMRs (90% CI) were 0.73 (0.66, 0.80), 0.62 (0.50, 0.77) and 0.78 (0.69, 0.87) for area under the curve (AUC), trough concentration (Ctrough) and maximum concentration (Cmax), respectively. With raltegravir, they were 1.03 (0.97, 1.10), 0.83 (0.62, 1.11) and 1.06 (0.95, 1.18), respectively. Intracellular CBV-TP GMRs (90% CI) were 0.88 (0.72, 1.07), 0.68 (0.48, 0.95) and 0.98 (0.79, 1.23) for AUC, Ctrough and Cmax, respectively, with darunavir/ritonavir, and 0.96 (0.76, 1.20), 0.57 (0.33, 1.00) and 1.07 (0.85, 1.35), respectively, with raltegravir. Conclusions There was a 27% decrease in abacavir plasma exposure with darunavir/ritonavir and no changes with raltegravir. CBV-TP Ctrough was significantly decreased with darunavir/ritonavir (32%) and showed a high inter-individual variability with raltegravir.
Transatlantic Football: Rethinking the Transfer of Football from Europe to the usa, c.1880-c.1930s
Authors: Taylor Matthew 
Published: September 2011

Le transfert du football d’une rive à l’autre de l’Atlantique entre 1880 et 1930 Le football associatif a souvent été discrédité, considéré comme une représentation marginale de la culture sportive des États-Unis. Conventionnellement regardé comme un sport d'étrangers et d'immigrés, son apparente difficulté à se mesurer au baseball et au gridiron football, emblèmes de l'identité américaine, a confirmé que peu de recherches ont été faites sur son développement dans les décennies qui suivirent son transfert initial. Cet article présente une nouvelle perspective de la diffusion du football de l'Europe aux États-Unis en se concentrant à la fois sur son transfert à long terme et sur les réseaux et les échanges transnationaux si importants alors dans la formation du jeu américain. Fondé sur une vaste analyse de la littérature universitaire et populaire existante et sur l'étude de sources journalistiques sélectionnées, il rejette la catégorisation simpliste du soccer comme étant « non américain ». Il montre, au contraire, comment l'aspect transnational du jeu lui permet de faire appel de différentes façons aux identités complexes et changeantes qui ont défini la société américaine avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
Le rodéo américain sur la frontière du sport et de la tauromachie, ou de la diffusion considérée comme un système de transformations
Authors: Saumade Frédéric 
Published: September 2011

Se fondant sur l'exemple de la genèse et de la diffusion du rodéo en Amérique, cet article met en évidence la complexité des processus d'influence et de recomposition au sein d'un univers moderne où les puissances impériales européennes à l'origine des spectacles sportifs se sont à la fois affrontées et interpénétrées. L'auteur peut ainsi remettre radicalement en cause la théorie évolutionniste et diffusionniste du sport, centrée sur l'Angleterre comme « foyer de civilisation », que Norbert Elias a imposée comme paradigme.
Très petite entreprise et croissance : à la découverte d'un continent inexploré
Authors: Arlotto Jacques , Cyr André , Meier Olivier , Pacitto Jean-Claude 
Published: September 2011

Résumé La focalisation sur les PME à forte croissance, les fameuses gazelles de Birch (1987), a entraîné un effet pervers redoutable : celui de penser que l’essentiel de la croissance de l’emploi était assuré par un pourcentage réduit de PME et que ces PME étaient pour l’essentiel des moyennes entreprises. La conséquence a été une marginalisation des « souris » (les petites entreprises) et encore plus des très petites entreprises ou bien un intérêt porté aux seules petites entreprises technologiquement innovantes nouvellement créées. Aussi, on est que très mal renseigné sur les processus de croissance interne à l’œuvre dans les TPE qui constituent la très grande majorité des PME. Notre travail visera donc à faire le point sur l’état des connaissances sur ce thème et dans les TPE de même qu’à ouvrir des pistes de recherche susceptibles, à terme, d’alimenter le stock de connaissances sur cette question. Plutôt que de nous concentrer sur les seuls facteurs de la croissance nous avons voulu explorer les éléments déclencheurs de celle-ci. Il nous a paru aussi nécessaire dans cet état des lieux de faire le point sur un certain nombre d’assertions qui à force d’être répétées ont fini par devenir des certitudes comme par exemple le rôle joué par les territoires ou le profil des dirigeants. Notre étude visera donc à répondre à une interrogation : qu’est-ce qui fait qu’à un moment donné une TPE croît ? Et à contrario pourquoi une majorité d’entre elles ne croissent pas. Ce sont donc tous les mécanismes de la croissance des TPE que nous souhaitons explorer.
Stratégie et structuration des trajectoires d'hyper croissance des PME. Une étude de cas comparative
Authors: Chanut-Guieu Cécile , Guieu Gilles 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Les gazelles constituent un enjeu tant théorique qu’économique. A partir d’un comparatif de cinq PME à forte croissance des régions Rhône-Alpes et PACA, une lecture processuelle des trajectoires d’hyper croissance est proposée. Les trajectoires sont multiples, mais présentent trois points communs : des dirigeants volontaires, indépendants, confiants ; une géographie articulant centre et périphérie ; une structuration fonctionnelle tardive, mais rapide.
Pour une épistémologie du risque
Authors: Pesqueux Yvon 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Parler de risque nécessite de définir ce dont il est question et il faut souligner la prolifération actuelle des risques « à épithète ». La notion de risque peut être considérée comme un « objet frontière », c’est-à-dire une référence qui peut circuler à l’intérieur de plusieurs communautés en conservant le même nom sans pour autant recouvrir les mêmes « réalités » sans qu’elles ne soient pour autant disjonctives. Elle permettrait ainsi de satisfaire aux « besoins » informationnels et de compréhension de différentes communautés de pensée en étant utilisée de manière à la fois robuste et flexible tant à l’intérieur qu’à l’extérieur de celles-ci, tenant aussi bien à la fois du concret que de l’abstrait.
Comparison of Residual Stromal Bed Thickness Measurement Among Very High-frequency Digital Ultrasound, Intraoperative Handheld Ultrasound, and Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Gobbe Marine 
Published: September 2011

PURPOSE:
To compare residual stromal thickness (RST) measurement by three methods: very high-frequency digital ultrasound (VHFDU), intraoperative handheld ultrasound (US), and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

METHODS:
This was a retrospective analysis of 93 eyes (55 patients) that underwent LASIK retreatment by flap lift where VHFDU and OCT measurements were obtained before the retreatment and intraoperative US RST measurement was performed after lifting the flap. Corneal vertex RST measurements for intraoperative US and OCT were compared with the VHFDU measurement. Linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis were performed.

RESULTS:

Mean corneal vertex RST was 327±53 μm for VHFDU, 338±54 μm for intraoperative US, and 326±43 μm for OCT. Mean difference between VHFDU and intraoperative US was 11±11 μm (range: −12 to 46 μm). Mean difference between VHFDU and OCT was −2±23 μm (range: −53 to 57 μm). The coefficient of determination (R
2
) was 0.96 between VHFDU and intraoperative US and 0.82 between VHFDU and OCT. Intraoperative US was on average 11 μm thicker than VHFDU independent of RST value. Optical coherence tomography was on average thicker than VHFDU for low RST values (250 to 300 μm) and thinner than VHFDU for high RST values (>350 μm). The RST was thicker than VHFDU by >10 μm in 50% and >20 μm in 21% of eyes measured with intraoperative US and by >10 μm in 32% and >20 μm in 18% of eyes measured with OCT.

CONCLUSIONS:
Residual stromal thickness measured by both intraoperative US and OCT was thicker than VHFDU in a significant number of eyes, which could have resulted in retreatment being performed in an eye with insufficient RST.
Finite Element Analysis of Blunt Foreign Body Impact on the Cornea After PRK and LASIK
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Jamaleddin , Nassiri Nariman , Masoumi Nafiseh , Nassiri Nader , Majdi-N Mercede , Farzaneh Solmaz , Djalilian Ali R. , Peyman Gholam A. 
Published: September 2011

PURPOSE:
To investigate the effect of blunt foreign body impact on a human cornea after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and LASIK using a simulation model.

METHODS:

Computational simulations were performed using a finite element analysis program (LS-Dyna, Livermore Software Technology Corp). The blunt foreign body was set to impact at the center of the corneal surface models (after PRK and LASIK) with thicknesses of 500, 450, 400, 350, and 300 μm. Corneal rupture was assumed to occur at a peak stress of 9.45 MPa and at a strain of 18%. The foreign body projectile was blunt in shape, made from aluminum, contained plastic-kinematic properties, and had a density of 2700 kg/m
3
.

RESULTS:
The projectile was launched at the center of the cornea with velocities ranging from 20 to 60 m/s. The threshold of impact velocities creating rupture in corneal thicknesses of 500, 450, 400, 350, and 300 μm were 33, 32.8, 30.7, 27.9, and 22.8 m/s, respectively, in the PRK model. In the LASIK model, the thresholds creating rupture in the stromal bed of the corneas with thicknesses of 500, 450, 400, 350, and 300 μm were 40, 38.1, 35.6, 31.5, and 26.7 m/s, respectively. The 110-μm corneal flap in the LASIK model ruptured at all velocities.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ruptures occurred at lower velocities in the PRK cornea model than in the corneal stromal bed of the LASIK model following blunt foreign body impact.
Le roi, la Cour et les sciences en France, xviie-xviiie siècles
Authors: Grell Chantal 
Published: September 2011

La cour de France n’a jamais eu la réputation d’être une cour « scientifique », ni aux yeux des contemporains, ni aux yeux des historiens. Le grand âge des « cours scientifiques » semble d’ailleurs révolu lorsque la cour de France s’installe à Versailles. En France, la grande institution où se fait la recherche, dans tous les domaines de la science, est l’Académie royale des sciences, créée par Colbert en 1666. Il existe une ample bibliographie sur l’Académie des sciences, sur l’évolution des sciences et sur les savants eux-mêmes ; les rois de France, la Cour et Versailles ont fait l’objet de publications plus nombreuses encore. Mais au-delà du mécénat princier dans ses formes variées, le lien entre le pouvoir et le savoir – qui évolue d’ailleurs au cours de ce siècle et demi – n’a pas été envisagé à travers le prisme de la cour, sinon à l’occasion de cette exposition. Aussi n’est-il pas possible de dresser un état des lieux, mais seulement d’esquisser quelques réflexions sur un sujet dont il convient de définir les contours, et sur des recherches qui restent, en grande partie, à réaliser. On s’interrogera, entre autres, sur les valeurs et les idéaux sociaux qui ont présidé, dans le cadre versaillais, à la rencontre de la Cour et des sciences ; sur les interactions entre sciences et vie curiale ; sur les choix des rois, des ministres, des savants, et les enjeux qu’ils recouvrent ; sur la manière dont l’existence même de la Cour a pu, au-delà de la théâtralisation, de la mise en scène et des besoins concrets, influer sur le contenu même des sciences.L’intitulé de l’exposition, qui associe « sciences » et « curiosités », est paradoxal. Le terme de « curiosités » évoque les cabinets qui eurent la faveur des princes, allemands ou italiens notamment, de la Renaissance, et se rapporte à un type de savoir déjà dépassé, à l’âge de la « révolution scientifique ». « Sciences », en revanche, est à prendre dans son acception actuelle, et désigne les différentes disciplines qui s’individualisèrent lorsque prévalut la nouvelle conception du monde : mathématiques, physique, botanique, astronomie… L’association de ces deux termes suppose une tension : est-elle seulement liée à l’évolution du savoir scientifique ? Ou la Cour fut-elle elle-même une source de tensions, voire de contradictions, entre différentes conceptions de la science ?
Fully Automated Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections with MONI-ICU
Authors: Mandl H. , Adlassnig K.-P. , Koller W. , Blacky A. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryObjective: Expert surveillance of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) is a key parameter for good clinical practice, especially in intensive care medicine. Assessment of clinical entities such as HCAIs is a time-consuming task for highly trained experts. Such are neither available nor affordable in sufficient numbers for continuous surveillance services. Intelligent information technology (IT) tools are in urgent demand.Methods: MONI-ICU (monitoring of nosocomial infections in intensive care units (ICUs)) has been developed methodologically and practically in a stepwise manner and is a reliable surveillance IT tool for clinical experts. It uses information from the patient data management systems in the ICUs, the laboratory information system, and the administrative hospital information system of the Vienna General Hospital as well as medical expert knowledge on infection criteria applied in a multilevel approach which includes fuzzy logic rules.Results: We describe the use of this system in clinical routine and compare the results generated automatically by MONI-ICU with those generated in parallel by trained surveillance staff using patient chart reviews and other available information (“gold standard”). A total of 99 ICU patient admissions representing 1007 patient days were analyzed. MONI-ICU identified correctly the presence of an HCAI condition in 28/31 cases (sensitivity, 90.3%) and their absence in 68/68 of the non-HCAI cases (specificity, 100%), the latter meaning that MONI-ICU produced no “false alarms”. The 3 missed cases were due to correctable technical errors. The time taken for conventional surveillance at the 52 ward visits was 82.5 hours. MONI-ICU analysis of the same patient cases, including careful review of the generated results, required only 12.5 hours (15.2%).Conclusion: Provided structured and sufficient information on clinical findings is online available, MONI-ICU provides an almost real-time view of clinical indicators for HCAI – at the cost of almost no additional time on the part of surveillance staff or clinicians.
Oral Melanosis
Authors: Kumar Harvinder 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThere is very little information in literature about oral melanosis not associated with racial pigmentation or secondary to other syndromes. Various stimuli that can result in an increased production of melanin at the level of mucosa include trauma, hormones, radiation and medications. Three such cases are reported in which stimulus for genesis of melanosis was mechanical trauma in form of smoking.
Implantation Techniques
Authors: Shrikhande Laxmi , Dargan Ritu 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
Decades of research and improving technology have taken in vitro fertilization techniques to a highly sophisticated level. Attention in the later twentieth century was increasingly paid to the endocrine stimulation of follicle growth and oocyte maturation. Hormonal stimulation became more complex. Methods for ovarian hyperstimulation became complex. GnRH agonists and antagonists came into play to provide a better control over FSH and LH concentrations during follicular and luteal phases of stimulated cycles including the correction of premature LH surges. A lot of stress is being paid nowadays on natural remedies to replace the high tech treatment modalities and so also evolved the so called natural cycle in vitro fertilization, the drug free or minimal drug fertility treatment. There are opinions worldwide of experts that the methods that are currently being used for ovulation and to stimulate growth of the follicle in infertile women are too expensive in addition to being extreme measures. Not only are they costly but the effect on the human body has given rise for the need for a more nature-friendly method. Alternative approaches are therefore being sought including minimal stimulation IVF, natural cycle IVF and maturing human oocytes in vitro to prepare them for fertilization in vitro. Each of these approaches avoids the use of large doses of human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) that have become essential for routine IVF. This article reviews the available literature on these methods and also their fallacies, if any.
A Rare Case of Vaginal Leiomyoma Diagnosed Postoperatively
Authors: Bhute Sindhu , Shrivastava Deepti , Kakani Anuradha , Patil Vijya , Jajoo Shubhda , Joshi Shikha 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
Vaginal fibroids are very rare tumor of vagina and it is difficult to rule out its origin as a primary vaginal or its connection with cervix or uterus preoperatively. We are presenting a case of vaginal fibroid diagnosed postoperatively.