bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cambridge multiple‐access system in retrospect
Authors: Wilkes M. V. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper reports on some of the lessons that have been learned during 5 years' operation of the Cambridge Multiple‐Access System. It begins by summarizing the design goals and goes on to describe the way in which on‐line and off‐line facilities have been integrated. There is a section on security of access and one on the maintenance and up‐dating of the system. Scheduling of jobs is largely automatic and the operators receive their instructions from the system. Experience obtained in the operation of the system is discussed both from a software and a managerial point of view.
On evaluating boolean expressions
Authors: Gudes E. , Reiter A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn evaluation algorithm for Boolean expressions is efficient if it recognizes when particular conditions cannot affect the value of the result. Of special interest are efficient algorithms which do not expect the conditions to be evaluated in the order in which they appear in the expression. This is important for selective retrieval from a large data base, when the evaluation (retrieval) order depends on the data organization and not on the order in which the qualifiers appear in the query. Another aspect of data retrieval is that we may repeatedly change part (but not all) of the values of the variables, and wish to re‐evaluate part of the expression. Algorithms are given for representing and efficiently evaluating Boolean expressions both for the sequential and random cases; for the latter, an algorithm for partial re‐initialization is also given.
A high level plotting system
Authors: Hedrick G. E. , Forrest J. R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper describes the use of a high level plotting system that has been in use at Oklahoma State University for about one year. The use of this plotting package can save much time and money for installations which use the Calcomp plotter. The program is written in ANSI FORTRAN and permits a user to produce complete graphs on a Calcomp plotter. The plotting system itself uses the assembly routines provided by the plotter manufacturer, thus freeing the user from most of the detail involved in producing two‐dimensional plots. The plotting system plots and labels axes, produces interpolated and/or smoothed curves and performs other common plotting functions.
Regulatory gene network circuits underlying T cell development from multipotent progenitors
Authors: Kueh Hao Yuan , Rothenberg Ellen V. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRegulatory gene circuits enable stem and progenitor cells to detect and process developmental signals and make irreversible fate commitment decisions. To gain insight into the gene circuits underlying T cell fate decision making in progenitor cells, we generated an updated T‐lymphocyte developmental gene regulatory network from genes and connections found in the literature. This reconstruction allowed us to identify candidate regulatory gene circuit elements underlying T cell fate decision making. Here, we examine the roles of these circuits in facilitating different aspects of the decision making process, and discuss experiments to further probe their structure and function. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2012, 4:79–102. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.162This article is categorized under:

Developmental Biology > Lineages
Segmentectomy of the liver
Authors: Yoshida Hiroshi , Katayose Yu , Rikiyama Toshiki , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Onogawa Toru , Egawa Shinichi , Unno Michiaki 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSegmentectomy is anatomical resection of segments based on the classification of Couinaud. This procedure is performed mainly for hepatocellular carcinoma. Invasion of portal vein and intrahepatic metastases often occur with hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, it is desirable to perform anatomical resection of the cancer‐bearing areas for curative purpose. However, segmentectomy is selected when extensive resection must be avoided to preserve liver function. There are major differences between segmentectomy of the left hemiliver (Sg 2–4) and right hemiliver (Sg 5–8). In the former, the branches (third‐order branches) arising from the umbilical portion of the portal vein can be ligated prior to liver resection. In the latter, manipulation is difficult. Therefore, ultrasonically guided segmental staining is performed by puncturing the portal branch and injecting a dye. This report described techniques for segmentectomy.
Dynamics of nanometer-scale foil targets irradiated with relativistically intense laser pulses
Authors: Hörlein R. , Steinke S. , Henig A. , Rykovanov S.G. , Schnürer M. , Sokollik T. , Kiefer D. , Jung D. , Yan X.Q. , Tajima T. , Schreiber J. , Hegelich M. , Nickles P.V. , Zepf M. , Tsakiris G.D. , Sandner W. , Habs D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this paper we report on an experimental study of high harmonic radiation generated in nanometer-scale foil targets irradiated under normal incidence. The experiments constitute the first unambiguous observation of odd-numbered relativistic harmonics generated by the v × B component of the Lorentz force verifying a long predicted property of solid target harmonics. Simultaneously the observed harmonic spectra allow in-situ extraction of the target density in an experimental scenario which is of utmost interest for applications such as ion acceleration by the radiation pressure of an ultraintense laser.
Complications in immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy
Authors: Jiménez-Puente Alberto , Prieto-Lara Elisa , Rueda-Domínguez Antonio , Maañón-Di Leo Claudio , Benítez-Parejo Nicolás , Rivas-Ruiz Francisco , Medina-Cano Francisco J. , Perea-Milla Emilio 
Published: October 2011

Objectives:Immediate post-mastectomy breast reconstruction (IBR) is a procedure that has proven advantages, but it also entails risks. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for reconstruction failure.Methods:A review was made of all the IBR carried out at a general hospital from 2002 to 2009. Retrospective information was obtained about postoperative complications and the characteristics of patients and treatments applied. The minimum follow-up period was 9 months. Cox's regression analysis was performed on the variables related to the reconstruction failure requiring the removal of the prosthesis, with an explanatory model in which all the study variables were introduced and a predictive model that contained only the variables known before the intervention.Results:A total of 115 IRB interventions carried out on 112 women with breast cancer were analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 25.5 months. In sixty cases (52.2 percent), there were no complications; in sixteen cases (13.9 percent) minor complications appeared, and in 39 (33.9 percent) the complications were moderate. In twenty-six cases (22.6 percent), a reconstruction failure occurred. Cox's regression model revealed that the reconstruction failures were related to the patient's age (Hazard Ratio 1.08), to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR 6.24) and to postoperative tamoxifen (HR 3.10). The predictive model included the age of the patient (HR 1.05) and the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR 5.11).Conclusions:A significant proportion of the patients receiving IBR developed reconstruction failure. Multivariate analysis identified three variables related to this complication, two of which were known before the intervention.
Mutagenesis of tryptophan199 suggests that hopping is required for MauG-dependent tryptophan tryptophylquinone biosynthesis
Authors: Tarboush Nafez Abu , Jensen Lyndal M. R. , Yukl Erik T. , Geng Jiafeng , Liu Aimin , Wilmot Carrie M. , Davidson Victor L. 
Published: October 2011

The diheme enzyme MauG catalyzes the posttranslational modification of the precursor protein of methylamine dehydrogenase (preMADH) to complete biosynthesis of its protein-derived tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) cofactor. Catalysis proceeds through a high valent bis-Fe(IV) redox state and requires long-range electron transfer (ET), as the distance between the modified residues of preMADH and the nearest heme iron of MauG is 19.4 Å. Trp199 of MauG resides at the MauG-preMADH interface, positioned midway between the residues that are modified and the nearest heme. W199F and W199K mutations did not affect the spectroscopic and redox properties of MauG, or its ability to stabilize the bis-Fe(IV) state. Crystal structures of complexes of W199F/K MauG with preMADH showed no significant perturbation of the MauG-preMADH structure or protein interface. However, neither MauG variant was able to synthesize TTQ from preMADH. In contrast, an ET reaction from diferrous MauG to quinone MADH, which does not require the bis-Fe(IV) intermediate, was minimally affected by the W199F/K mutations. W199F/K MauGs were able to oxidize quinol MADH to form TTQ, the putative final two-electron oxidation of the biosynthetic process, but with
k
cat
/
K
m
values approximately 10% that of wild-type MauG. The differential effects of the W199F/K mutations on these three different reactions are explained by a critical role for Trp199 in mediating multistep hopping from preMADH to bis-Fe(IV) MauG during the long-range ET that is required for TTQ biosynthesis.
Deleterious Impact of a γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Preferring General Anesthetic When Used in the Presence of Persistent Inflammation
Authors: Boegel Kevin , Gyulai Ferenc E. , Moore Kerry K. , Gold Michael S. 
Published: October 2011

Background
Experimental data suggest general anesthetics preferring γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A may increase postoperative pain in patients with persistent inflammation. The current study was designed to begin to test this hypothesis.

Methods
Groups of rats were defined by the presence of inflammation, surgical intervention, and/or the type of general anesthetic used for a 3-h period of anesthesia. Persistent inflammation was induced with complete Freund adjuvant. The surgical intervention was a plantar incision. Three mechanistically distinct general anesthetics were used: pentobarbital, ketamine/xylazine, and isoflurane. Ongoing pain and hypersensitivity were assessed with guarding behavior analysis and the von Frey test, respectively.

Results
There was no influence of general anesthetic type on the magnitude or time course of recovery from postoperative hypersensitivity in the absence of persistent inflammation. However, in the presence of persistent inflammation, recovery from hypersensitivity was significantly slower in the pentobarbital group than in the ketamine/xylazine or isoflurane groups. The pentobarbital effect was significant within 3 days of surgery and persisted through the remainder of the testing period. A comparable delay in recovery was observed in pentobarbital-anesthetized inflamed rats not subjected to hind paw incision. The time to 50% recovery in the pentobarbital-treated inflamed groups was almost double that in the other groups. No differences were observed between ketamine/xylazine and isoflurane. Pentobarbital exposure did not increase guarding scores.

Conclusions
These results suggest that general anesthetics preferring γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A may have deleterious consequences when used in the presence of persistent inflammation.
Autopsy Utilization in Medicolegal Defense of Anesthesiologists
Authors: Lee Lorri A. , Stephens Linda S. , Fligner Corinne L. , Posner Karen L. , Cheney Frederick W. , Caplan Robert A. , Domino Karen B. 
Published: October 2011

Background
The rate of autopsy in hospital deaths has declined from more than 50% to 2.4% over the past 50 yr. To understand the role of autopsies in anesthesia malpractice claims, we examined 980 closed claims for deaths that occurred in 1990 or later in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Closed Claims Project Database.

Methods
Deaths with autopsy were compared with deaths without autopsy. Deaths with autopsy were evaluated to answer the following four questions: Did autopsy findings establish a cause of death? Did autopsy provide new information? Did autopsy identify a significant nonanesthetic contribution to death? Did autopsy help or hurt the defense of the anesthesiologist? Reliability was assessed by κ scores. Differences between groups were compared with chi-square analysis and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with P < 0.05 for statistical significance.

Results
Autopsies were performed in 551 (56%) of 980 claims for death. Evaluable autopsy information was available in 288 (52%) of 551 claims with autopsy. Patients in these 288 claims were younger and healthier than those in claims for death without autopsy (P < 0.01). Autopsy provided pathologic diagnoses and an unequivocal cause of death in 21% of these 288 claims (κ= 0.71). An unexpected pathologic diagnosis was found in 50% of claims with evaluable autopsy information (κ = 0.59). Autopsy identified a significant nonanesthetic contribution in 61% (κ = 0.64) of these 288 claims. Autopsy helped in the defense of the anesthesiologist in 55% of claims and harmed the defense in 27% (κ = 0.58) of claims with evaluable autopsy information.

Conclusions
Autopsy findings were more often helpful than harmful in the medicolegal defense of anesthesiologists. Autopsy identified a significant nonanesthetic contribution to death in two thirds of claims with evaluable autopsy information.
ARA290, a Peptide Derived from the Tertiary Structure of Erythropoietin, Produces Long-term Relief of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Swartjes Maarten , Morariu Aurora , Niesters Marieke , Brines Michael , Cerami Anthony , Aarts Leon , Dahan Albert 
Published: October 2011

Background
Exogenous erythropoietin inhibits development of allodynia in experimental painful neuropathy because of its antiinflammatory and neuroprotective properties at spinal, supraspinal, and possibly peripheral sites. The authors assess the effect of a nonhematopoietic erythropoietin analog, ARA290, on tactile and cold allodynia in a model of neuropathic pain (spared nerve injury) in rats and mice lacking the β-common receptor (βcR mice), a component of the receptor complex mediating tissue protection.

Methods
Twenty-four hours after peripheral nerve injury, rats and mice were injected with ARA290 or vehicle (five 30-μg/kg intraperitoneal injections at 2-day intervals, followed by once/week, n = 8/group). In a separate group of eight rats, ARA290 treatment was restricted to five doses during the initial 2 weeks after surgery.

Results
In rats, irrespective of treatment paradigm, ARA290 produced effective, long-term (as long as 15 weeks) relief of tactile and cold allodynia (P &lt; 0.001 vs. vehicle-treated animals). ARA290 was effective in wild-type mice, producing significant relief of allodynia. In contrast, in βcR mice no effect of ARA290 was observed.

Conclusions
ARA290 produces long-term relief of allodynia because of activation of the β-common receptor. It is argued that relief of neuropathic pain attributable to ARA290 treatment is related to its antiinflammatory properties, possibly within the central nervous system. Because ARA290, in contrast to erythropoietin, is devoid of hematopoietic and cardiovascular side effects, ARA290 is a promising new drug in the prevention of peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain in humans.
Offset Analgesia in Neuropathic Pain Patients and Effect of Treatment with Morphine and Ketamine
Authors: Niesters Marieke , Hoitsma Elske , Sarton Elise , Aarts Leon , Dahan Albert 
Published: October 2011

Background
Offset analgesia, in which a disproportionally large amount of analgesia becomes apparent upon a slight decrease in noxious heat stimulation, has not been described previously in patients with chronic pain.

Methods
Offset analgesia responses in 10 patients with neuropathic pain (in both legs) were compared with 10 matched healthy controls and volunteers from a convenience sample (n = 110) with an age range of 6-80 yr. Offset analgesia was defined by the reduction in electronic pain score upon the 1°C decrease in noxious heat stimulus relative to the peak pain score where pain was administered at the volar side of the arm.

Results
Offset analgesia was present in healthy volunteers irrespective of age and sex (pain score decrease = 97 ± 1% [mean ± SEM]). In contrast, a reduced or absent offset analgesia response was observed in patients with neuropathic pain (pain score decrease = 56 ± 9% vs. controls 98 ± 1%, P &lt; 0.001). Intravenous treatment with ketamine, morphine, and placebo had no effect on offset analgesia in patients, despite sharp reductions in spontaneous pain scores.

Conclusions
These data indicate that offset analgesia is fully developed at the age of 6 yr and does not undergo additional maturation. The reduced or absent responses observed in patients with chronic neuropathic pain indicate the inability to modulate changes in pain stimulation, with perseverance of pain perception in situations in which healthy subjects display signs of strong analgesia. Both central and peripheral sites may be involved in the altered offset analgesia responses in these patients.
Perioperative Nerve Injury after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Jacob Adam K. , Mantilla Carlos B. , Sviggum Hans P. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Pagnano Mark W. , Hebl James R. 
Published: October 2011

Background
Perioperative nerve injury (PNI) is a recognized complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Regional anesthesia (RA) techniques may increase the risk of neurologic injury. Using a retrospective cohort study, the authors tested the hypothesis that use of RA increases the risk for PNI after elective THA.

Methods
All adult patients who underwent elective THA at Mayo Clinic during a 20-yr period were included. The primary outcome was the presence of a new PNI within 3 months of surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate patient, surgical, and anesthetic risk factors for PNI.

Results
Of 12,998 patients undergoing THA, 93 experienced PNI (incidence = 0.72%; 95% CI 0.58-0.88%). PNI was not associated with type of anesthesia (OR = 0.72 for neuraxial-combined vs. general; 95% CI 0.46-1.14) or peripheral nerve blockade (OR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.34-1.21). The risk for PNI was associated with younger age (OR = 0.79 per 10-yr increase; 95% CI 0.69-0.90), female gender (OR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.12-2.64), longer operations (OR = 1.10 per 30-min increase; 95% CI 1.03-1.18) or posterior surgical approach (OR = 1.91 vs. anterior approach; 95% CI 1.22-2.99). Neurologic recovery was not influenced by the use of RA techniques in patients with PNI.

Conclusions
The risk for PNI after THA was not increased with the use of neuraxial anesthesia or peripheral nerve blockade. Neurologic recovery in patients who experienced PNI was not affected by the use of RA. These results support the use of RA techniques in patients undergoing elective THA given their known functional and clinical benefits.
Influence of Patient Comorbidities on the Risk of Near-miss Maternal Morbidity or Mortality
Authors: Mhyre Jill M. , Bateman Brian T. , Leffert Lisa R. 
Published: October 2011

Background
Maternal morbidity and mortality are increased in the United States compared with that of other developed countries. The objective of this investigation is to determine the extent to which it is possible to predict which patients will experience near-miss morbidity or mortality.

Methods
The authors defined near-miss morbidity as end-organ injury associated with length of stay greater than the 99 percentile or discharge to a second medical facility, and identified all cases of near-miss morbidity or death from admissions for delivery in the 2003-2006 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Logistic regression was used to examine the effect of maternal characteristics on rates of near-miss morbidity/mortality.

Results
Approximately 1.3 per 1,000 hospitalizations for delivery was complicated by near-miss morbidity/mortality as defined in this study (95% CI 1.3-1.4). Most of these events (58.3%) occurred in 11.8% of the delivering population-in those women with important medical comorbidities or obstetric complications identified before admission for delivery. The highest rates were noted among women with pulmonary hypertension (98.0 cases per 1,000 deliveries), malignancy (23.4 per 1,000), and systemic lupus erythematosus (21.1 per 1,000).

Conclusions
Risk for near-miss morbidity or mortality is substantially increased among an identifiable subset of pregnant women. To the extent that antepartum multidisciplinary coordination and high-quality intrapartum care improve delivery outcomes for women with significant antepartum medical and obstetric disease, then public health investments to reduce the national burden of delivery-related near-miss morbidity and mortality will have the greatest effect by focusing resources on identifying and serving these high-risk groups.
Prolonged Central Venous Desaturation Measured by Continuous Oximetry Is Associated with Adverse Outcomes in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Crowley Ryan , Sanchez Elizabeth , Ho Jonathan K. , Lee Kate J. , Schwarzenberger Johanna , Marijic Jure , Sopher Michael , Mahajan Aman 
Published: October 2011

Background
The role of continuous central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂) oximetry during pediatric cardiac surgery for predicting adverse outcomes is not known. Using a recently available continuous ScvO₂ oximetry catheter, we examined the association between venous oxygen desaturations and patient outcomes. We hypothesized that central venous oxygen desaturations are associated with adverse clinical outcomes.

Methods
Fifty-four pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery were prospectively enrolled in an unblinded observational study. ScvO₂ was measured continuously in the operating room and for up to 24 h post-Intensive Care Unit admission. The relationships between ScvO₂ desaturations, clinical outcomes, and major adverse events were determined.

Results
More than 18 min of venous saturations less than 40% were associated with major adverse events with 100% sensitivity and 97.6% specificity. Significant correlations resulted between the ScvO₂ area under the curve less than 40% and creatinine clearance at 12 h in the Intensive Care Unit (r = -0.58), Intensive Care Unit length of stay (r = 0.56), max inotrope use (r = 0.52), inotrope use at 24 h (r = 0.40), inotrope index score (r = 0.39), hospital length of stay (r = 0.36), and length of intubation (r = 0.32).

Conclusions
We demonstrate that ScvO₂ desaturations by continuous oximetry are associated with major adverse events in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The most significant associations with major adverse events are seen in patients with greater than 18 min of central venous saturations less than 40%. Our results support the further investigation of ScvO₂ as a potential target parameter in high-risk pediatric patients to minimize the risk of major adverse events.