bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finally Everyone Can Work With Highly Complex 3D Models
Authors: Rossignac Jarek 
Published: September 2010

In the past, access to 3D databases was restricted to few specialists having the appropriate CAD skills, software, and graphics hardware.The availability of inexpensive graphics support on personal computers, the Internet’s impact on private and commercial communication, and the emergence of multimedia standards provide the basis for linking CAD databases with other personal productivity and communication tools and for making them accessible to everyone at home, in schools, in hospitals, or in the industry. For example, employees that have no design expertise, customers, and suppliers would benefit from having an easy access to the 3D databases of a company for: collaborative design review, 3D‐based multi‐media problem reports, collaborative problem solving and tracking, online training and documentation, internet‐based part purchasing and subcontracting, demonstration to customers, or advertising. This presentation will address three of the key issues that have so far limited the non‐specialist’s access to 3D databases.First‐time or occasional non‐expert users need to become instant experts in 3D navigation through Virtual Environments or in the interactive manipulation of digital 3D models, so that they may immediately focus on their tasks, and not waste precious time learning and fighting an unnatural user interface. Immersive VR is not the panacea – other more effective techniques show promise.The data complexity found in commercial CAD databases, especially in the automotive, aerospace, and construction industries, significantly exceeds the capabilities of any interactive graphics system. This situation is not likely to change, since the growth of the complexity and availability of 3D models outpaces the performance improvement of personal computers. Research on the automatic simplification of 3D models and on the use of levels of detail to accelerate the rendering of distant portions of the scene is growing rapidly.The still limited bandwidth of internet communication channels prohibits a pervasive access to large amounts of 3D data. Recent 3D compression techniques reduce the storage requirements for polyhedral 3D models by two orders of magnitudes.
A Procedural Description of Geometric Textures by Spectral and Spatial Analysis of Profiles
Authors: Dischler J.‐M. , Ghazanfarpour D. 
Published: September 2010

In this paper we describe a method for automatically generating procedural “geometric” textures, using a hybrid (spectral and spatial) analysis of profiles (ID curves). The profile describes a certain height variation for a certain abscissa. We call “geometric” textures a class of textures including “Bump” textures and “hypertextures”. In dealing with this challenge (automatic synthesis), we introduce two new key ideas.The first is to compute efficiently a compact and procedural description of the texture, by using a spectral (Fourier transform based) and spatial (histogram based) analytical approach of profiles. The resulting texture is defined as a sum of elementary random functions. This sum is generated according to the profile. The procedural description allows the direct computation of the texture values at any co‐ordinates in the Euclidean space and the stochastic aspect of the elementary functions also allows for the processing of highly random textures, with no considerable increase of computation time.The second key idea consists of using analysis in the particular and more complex case of geometric textures. For most analytical methods, underlying geometry is never considered. Using profiles as models, the resulting geometric texture is obtained by extending this profile to 2D or 3D space. The resulting texture directly matches the supplied 1D model. Hence, our method promises to be a very useful tool for easily and efficiently “modelling” any kind of geometric textures including rocks, bumps, peaks, fur, cotton and so on.
Growing and Animating Polygonal Models of Animals
Authors: Walter Marcelo , Fournier Alain 
Published: September 2010

While there exist many computer models of animal bodies, as polygonal meshes and parametric surfaces, these are difficult to modify to take growth into account, or to animate. Growth data available from the literature usually is expressed as very sparse measurements over the body at various ages of the animal. We present here basic techniques to transfer growth data to computer models (especially polygonal meshes), which allows animation of the growth as well as animation of the body in the traditional sense.The main technique consists of defining local coordinate systems around the growing parts of the body, each one being transformed according to the relevant growth data while maintaining their relationship with the adjoining parts and the continuity of the surface. The local coordinates also permit ordinary animation mainly as relative rotation such as in articulated objects.We present examples with polygonal models of horses and cows, growth data from same, and motion from Muybridge’s classic photographic data.
Fast Analytic Shading and Shadowing for Area Light Sources
Authors: Tanaka Toshimitsu , Takahashi Tokiichiro 
Published: September 2010

This paper describes a fast analytic algorithm that generates exact highlights and soft shadows from area light sources. In order to realize fast shadowing, we propose the ray‐oriented buffer which segments 3D space by following light rays from polygonal sources. Each cell of the buffer stores objects that intersect a related subspace. Candidate objects which may cast shadows onto a point are selected by referring to the buffer. The candidates are then tested with their shadow bounding volumes to suppress objects that never occlude light sources.In addition, we propose the cross scanline clipping algorithm. It quickly determines the exact regions of uncovered area light sources with simple silhouette generation. Both diffuse and specular reflections are computed by integrating light rays from the uncovered sources. Experimental results confirm the high performance of the proposed method.
Generating Reflected Directions from BRDF Data
Authors: Lalonde Paul , Fournier Alain 
Published: September 2010

Monte‐Carlo path tracing algorithms for computer graphics require that given an incident light ray at a surface an outgoing direction can be computed with a distribution given by the magnitude of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). For analytic reflectance functions this can be done using various techniques including inverting the function, or tabulating some representation of the inverse. However, measured BRDF data sets are too large for this to be practical.We present a method to generate reflection rays distributed according to the magnitude of the BRDF. The method relies on a wavelet‐based representation of the BRDF. This representation is efficient and compact, allowing large, anisotropic measured BRDF data sets to be represented with a few thousand coefficients. In particular, we exploit the wavelet representation to quickly compute integrals over ranges of the BRDF.
Resampling measures of group support: a reply to Grant and Kluge
Authors: Ramírez Martín J. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Grant and Kluge (2003) associated resampling measures of group support with the aim of evaluating statistical stability, confidence, or the probability of recovering a true phylogenetic group. This interpretation is not necessary to methods such as jackknifing or bootstrapping, which are better interpreted as measures of support from the current dataset. Grant and Kluge only accepted the absolute Bremer value as a measure of group support, and considered resampling methods as irrelevant to phylogenetic inference. It is shown that under simple circumstances resampling indices better reflect the degree of support than Bremer values. Grant and Kluge associated the resampling methods (and the use of measures of group support in general) with what they call a “verificationist agenda”, where strongly supported groups are first detected, and then protected against additional testing. They propose that identifying weakly supported groups, and then concentrating additional tests on them, will better serve science. Both programs are actually equivalent, and inert as to the selection of methods to estimate group support. The ranking of groups under a range of resampling strength is proposed as an additional criterion to evaluate resampling methods. A reexamination of the slope of symmetric resampling frequency as a function of resampling strength suggest that slopes can be problematic as well as a measure of group support.© The Willi Hennig Society 2005.
The new and improved PhyloCode, now with types, ranks, and even polyphyly: a conference report from the First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting
Authors: Pickett Kurt M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA report from the first International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting is presented. The meeting revealed that the PhyloCode, once implemented, will itself not require adherence to the three major tenets of philosophy that proponents have claimed required its creation. These include the abandonment of (1) non‐monophyletic taxa, (2) ranks, and (3) types.© The Willi Hennig Society 2005.
Sequence length variation, indel costs, and congruence in sensitivity analysis
Authors: Aagesen Lone , Petersen Gitte , Seberg Ole 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe behavior of two topological and four character‐based congruence measures was explored using different indel treatments in three empirical data sets, each with different alignment difficulties. The analyses were done using direct optimization within a sensitivity analysis framework in which the cost of indels was varied. Indels were treated either as a fifth character state, or strings of contiguous gaps were considered single events by using linear affine gap cost. Congruence consistently improved when indels were treated as single events, but no congruence measure appeared as the obviously preferable one. However, when combining enough data, all congruence measures clearly tended to select the same alignment cost set as the optimal one. Disagreement among congruence measures was mostly caused by a dominant fragment or a data partition that included all or most of the length variation in the data set. Dominance was easily detected, as the character‐based congruence measures approached their optimal value when indel costs were incremented. Dominance of a fragment or data partition was overwhelmed when new sequence length‐variable fragments or data partitions were added.© The Willi Hennig Society 2005.
The Metaphase‐Arrest Technique Applied to Human Cervical Epithelium I.
Authors: Ireland D. , Monaghan J. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn order to study cell proliferation in intact human cervical epithelium, a technique involving metaphase arrest has been utilized. Metaphase accumulation is observed following intraepithelial administration of vincristine sulphate, at a predetermined optimum dose of 50 μg/ml. A significant delay before the onset of stathmokinetic activity is demonstrated; thereafter linearity of accumulation is apparent over a 4‐hr period following injection.The technique appears applicable to the estimation and comparison of cell production rates in vivo of normal cervical epithelium, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, wart‐affected cervical epithelium and early invasive carcinoma. However, individual values are likely to be imprecise in isolation, indicating the need to study relatively large numbers of subjects in each group. Some practical difficulties are discussed.
General principles regarding the use of adult stem cells
Authors: Carrasco de Paula I. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract.  With only a few, almost inevitable exceptions, biomedical research has developed within the last 50 years under the tutelage of ethical standards of notable precision. In the vast world of scientific investigation, few disciplines can boast of having realized documents of such ethical rigour, and respect for the integrity and intrinsic value of the human person has been one of the cardinal principles of the researcher. Research is intrinsic to the medical profession; the reward of research is knowledge and its techniques are ordered towards maintenance of human health. Since this end concerns human beings, it demands an extremely rigorous ethical approach. Ethical aspects are present from the first moments of the experimental project and occur on three levels: choice of the objectives, selection and use of the appropriate means for the study, and application of resultant new discoveries. Today, our moral attention cannot be reduced to a cost–benefit analysis. Biomedical sciences and medicine have overlapping areas of interest that can be sources of tension: the good of the subject versus scientific utility; profit versus complexity of research; liberty versus ethical and juridical bonds; the public versus the private; and the individual versus the community. Here, I attempt to formulate some essential principles that should guarantee humane measures for research on humans.
Cell proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on biodegradable microcarriers enhancesin vitrodifferentiation potential
Authors: Sun L.‐Y. , Hsieh D.‐K. , Syu W.‐S. , Li Y.‐S. , Chiu H.‐T. , Chiou T.‐W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: For reasons of provision of highly‐specific surface area and three‐dimensional culture, microcarrier culture (MC) has garnered great interest for its potential to expand anchorage‐dependent stem cells. This study utilizes MC forin vitroexpansion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and analyses its effects on BMMSC proliferation and differentiation.Materials and methods: Effects of semi‐continuous MC compared to control plate culture (PC) and serial bead‐to‐bead transfer MC (MC bead‐T) on human BMMSCs were investigated. Cell population growth kinetics, cell phenotypes and differentiation potential of cells were assayed.Results: Maximum cell density and overall fold increase in cell population growth were similar between PCs and MCs with similar starting conditions, but lag period of BMMSC growth differed substantially between the two; moreover, MC cells exhibited reduced granularity and higher CXCR4 expression. Differentiation of BMMSCs into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages was enhanced after 3 days in MC. However, MC bead‐T resulted in changes in cell granularity and lower osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential.Conclusions: In comparison to PC, MC supported expansion of BMMSCs in an up‐scalable three‐dimensional culture system using a semi‐continuous process, increasing potential for stem cell homing ability and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.
Two‐fold elevation of expression of FoxM1 transcription factor in mouse embryonic fibroblasts enhances cell cycle checkpoint activity by stimulating p21 and Chk1 transcription
Authors: Tan Y. , Chen Y. , Yu L. , Zhu H. , Meng X. , Huang X. , Meng L. , Ding M. , Wang Z. , Shan L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives:  Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1) transcription factor regulates expression of cell cycle effective genes and is stabilized by checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) to stimulate expression of DNA repair enzymes in response to DNA damage. This study intended to test whether FoxM1 is involved in cell cycle checkpoint pathways.Materials and methods:  Analysis of senescence and cell proliferation in FoxM1 transgenic (TG) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with 2‐fold elevation of FoxM1, and overexpression or knockdown of FoxM1 in an inducible FoxM1 expression cell line, or FoxM1 siRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), and cotransfection to determine FoxM1 transcription targets, as well as RNase protection assays and western blot analysis, were performed.Results:  Two‐fold elevation of FoxM1 in FoxM1‐TG‐MEFs resulted in low levels of cell proliferation and increase in permanent cell cycle arrest at early passages (from passage 6 to 9). These phenotypes correlated with increased phosphorylation of p53 on Ser15, elevated expression of cell cycle inhibitor p21 and Chk1 at passage 3. FoxM1 was stabilized in response to DNA damage in MEFs and FoxM1 overexpression induced p21. Knockdown of FoxM1 resulted in decrease in Chk1. ChIP, EMSA and cotransfection assays confirmed that FoxM1 stimulated promoters of p21 and Chk1.Conclusions:  Chk1 and p21 are direct transcription targets of FoxM1 and FoxM1 participates in transcriptional responses to stress in normal cells.
The effects of maternal depression and parental conflict on children's peer play
Authors: Hipwell A. E. , Murray L. , Ducournau P. , Stein A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground  Little is known about the relative effects of exposure to postnatal depression and parental conflict on the social functioning of school‐aged children. This is, in part, because of a lack of specificity in the measurement of child and parental behaviour and a reliance on children's reports of their hypothetical responses to conflict in play.Methods  In the course of a prospective longitudinal study of children of postnatally depressed and well women, 5‐year‐old children were videotaped at home with a friend in a naturalistic dressing‐up play setting. As well as examining possible associations between the occurrence of postnatal depression and the quality of the children's interactions, we investigated the influence of parental conflict and co‐operation, and the continuity of maternal depression. The quality of the current mother–child relationship was considered as a possible mediating factor.Results  Exposure to postnatal depression was associated with increased likelihood, among boys, of displaying physical aggression in play with their friend. However, parental conflict mediated the effects of postnatal depression on active aggression during play, and was also associated with displays of autonomy and intense conflict. While there were no gender effects in terms of the degree or intensity of aggressive behaviours, girls were more likely to express aggression verbally using denigration and gloating whereas boys were more likely to display physical aggression via interpersonal and object struggles.Conclusions  The study provided evidence for the specificity of effects, with strong links between parental and child peer conflict. These effects appear to arise from direct exposure to parental conflict, rather than indirectly, through mother–child interactions.
Promoting bicycle helmet wearing by children using nonlegislative interventions: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Reading Richard 
Published: September 2010

.

Royal S.,
Kendrick D. &
Coleman T.
(
2007
)

,
13
,
162
–
167
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DOI: 10.1136/ip.2006.013441.
Objectives  To assess the effectiveness of nonlegislative interventions in increasing bicycle helmet use among children and young people, and to identify possible reasons for differential effectiveness of interventions.Design  Systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data sources  10 electronic databases were searched up to October 2006. Several other sources of potentially relevant information were identified and examined.Review methods  We included randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials and controlled before‐and‐after studies of interventions to promote bicycle helmet use, which did not require the enactment of legislation. Participants were aged between 0 and 18 years.Main outcome measure  Observed helmet wearing.Results  13 studies were included in the review and 11 in the meta‐analysis. The odds of observed helmet wearing were significantly greater among children and young people in the intervention groups (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.35–3.35). Subgroup analysis indicated that the effect might be greater for community‐based studies (4.57, 2.37–8.81) and those providing free helmets (4.60, 2.25–9.43) than for those providing subsidized helmets (2.11, 1.09–4.06) and those set in schools (1.73, 1.04–2.89). Evidence for the effectiveness of the interventions was stronger in studies with follow‐up periods of ≥6 months (2.23, 1.27–3.90) than in those with longer‐term follow‐up (1.63, 0.91–2.91).Conclusions  Non‐legislative interventions are effective in increasing bicycle helmet use among children and young people. Community‐based helmet promotion programmes that include the provision of free helmets may increase observed helmet wearing to a greater extent than those set in schools or those providing subsidized helmets.
Social support in unaccompanied asylum‐seeking boys: a case study
Authors: Mels C. , Derluyn I. , Broekaert E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground  The situation of unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children (UASC) is characterized by a substantial disruption of the social network and loss of parental support, seriously jeopardizing their psychological well‐being. However, little is known about the role of social support in the lives of UASC.Methods  Twelve UASC completed a social support instrument and interview exploring perceived social support and what this implies for both buffering and main effects of social support.Results  Asylum centre staff and the ethnic community were the most important resources of support. High importance was ascribed to social companionship as a way of coping. Despite pro‐social efforts towards Belgian peers, this group provided hardly any social support.Conclusions  The provision of social support could enhance UASC's well‐being through buffering effects (e.g. social companionship as avoidant/distractive coping) and main effects (acceptance by Belgian peers enhancing self‐esteem). The asylum centre shows a great potential to stimulate UASC's psychological well‐being by expanding the psychosocial function of staff members and community treatment.