bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does spacetime have memories? Searching for gravitational-wave memory in the third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA gravitational-wave transient catalogue
Authors: Cheung Shun Yin , Lasky Paul D , Thrane Eric 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Gravitational-wave memory is a non-linear effect predicted by general relativity that remains undetected. We apply a Bayesian analysis framework to search for gravitational-wave memory using binary black hole mergers in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA’s third gravitational-wave transient catalogue. We obtain a Bayes factor of

ln
⁡
BF
=

0.01

, in favour of the no-memory hypothesis, which implies that we are unable to measure memory with currently available data. This is consistent with previous work, suggesting that a catalogue of

O

(
2000
)

binary black hole mergers is needed to detect memory. We look for new physics by allowing the memory amplitude to deviate from the prediction of general relativity by a multiplicative factor A. We obtain an upper limit of A < 23 (95% credibility).
Low-temperature properties of magnetically frustrated rare-earth zirconates A
2Zr2O7
Authors: Vojtasová D , Staško D , Hájek F , Colman R H , Klicpera M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rare-earth A
2Zr2O7 zirconates have attracted considerable attention of the scientific community for their complex magnetic, electronic and material properties applicable in modern technologies. The light rare-earth members of the series, crystallising in the pyrochlore variant of cubic crystal structure, have been studied in detail. The heavier A
2Zr2O7 compounds have been investigated mainly from the material properties viewpoint, focussing on their thermal properties and stability at high temperature and pressure. Low-temperature studies were mostly missing until recently. We present the low-temperature magnetic and thermodynamic properties of A
2Zr2O7 with A = Y, La, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm, Yb, and Lu, well covering the whole series, newly synthesised by high-temperature sintering and melting methods. X-ray diffraction reveals and confirms the ordered pyrochlore structure in the light members, the disordered cubic structure of the defect-fluorite type in A
2Zr2O7 with A = Y, Gd–Yb, and finally the lower symmetry rhombohedral structure in the end-member Lu2Zr2O7. The specific heat of the investigated compounds is dominated by a low-temperature anomaly associated with magnetic ordering: long-range in light rare-earth zirconates; and short-range in heavier members. The effective magnetic moment in the studied compounds, determined by fitting the magnetisation data to the Curie–Weiss formula, is in good agreement with the expected value of the A
3+ free ion. The magnetic properties have been revealed to be strongly influenced by the geometric frustration of the magnetic moments of both the pyrochlore structure, as well as the face centred cubic lattice created by the cations of the defect-fluorite structure, but connected also to intrinsic atomic disorder. The experimental results are discussed in the framework of previous studies on A
2Zr2O7 zirconates, as well as other A
2
B
2O7 compounds.
Extraction of laser stripe centerlines from translucent optical components using a multi-scale attention deep neural network
Authors: Jiang Hao , Fu Weijie , Zhang Xinming , Zhang Chaoxia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The precise extraction of laser stripe centerlines is critical for line-laser 3D scanning systems. However, conventional methods relying on threshold segmentation and morphological operations face significant challenges when confronted with pervasive optical phenomena, including specular reflection, scattering, and bleeding, which are commonly observed in translucent optical components. These methods typically require complex preprocessing procedures and often yield poor precision in centerline extraction. In this paper, we introduce a novel learning-based approach, complemented by a meticulously curated dataset, explicitly designed to address these challenges. Our proposed method leverages a multi-scale attention U-Net-like architecture, initially tasked with the segmentation of laser stripes from the complex background environment. Subsequently, it employs the Steger algorithm for the precise extraction of laser stripe centerlines. The experimental results, obtained by comprehensively evaluating real-world captured images, clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our deep neural network combined with the Steger algorithm. This combined approach exhibits exceptional accuracy even when challenged by the interferences from specular reflection, scattering, and bleeding artifacts. Specifically, our method achieves a mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 84.71% for the laser stripe detection task, accompanied by a mean square error (MSE) of 10.371 pixels. Also, the average execution time for the centerline extraction task is notably efficient at 0.125 s.
A fault diagnosis framework based on heterogeneous ensemble learning for air conditioning chiller with unbalanced samples
Authors: Jia Zhen , Yao Guoyu , Zhao Ke , Li Yang , Xu Peng , Liu Zhenbao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Big data-based air conditioning fault diagnosis research has developed rapidly in recent years, but in actual engineering, the fault sample size of air conditioning systems is much smaller than the normal sample size, and the resulting sample imbalance problem makes conventional data-driven diagnostic methods based on low accuracy and poor stability. In order to solve the problem of unbalanced fault diagnosis of air-conditioning chillers, this paper proposes an integrated learning-based diagnostic model, which achieves diagnosis by combining multiple base models and by majority voting. The method uses four classification models, namely, random forest model, decision tree model, k nearest neighbor model, and isomorphic integration model, as base classifiers, and synthesizes the four base classifiers into a heterogeneous integration algorithmic model (IMV) through integrated learning, and performs diagnostic detection of seven types of typical faults of chiller units using the majority voting method of integrated learning. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified on the RP-1043 dataset, and the experimental results show that the accuracy of the heterogeneous integrated algorithm model (IMV) can reach 96.87%, which is a significant improvement compared with the accuracy of the other four base classifier models (81.04%–96.25%). Therefore, the integrated learning model has some application prospects in fault diagnosis when targeting unbalanced datasets.
Proposal of a wireless sensor network for footstep localization and optimization of its location using bio-inspired metaheuristics
Authors: Sánchez-Márquez Luis , Reyes-Barranca Mario Alfredo , Abarca-Jiménez Griselda Stephany , López-Tapia Andrea , Flores-Nava Luis Martín 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a proposal for a wireless network of smart sensors designed to capture the vibrations produced by the impact of a person’s footsteps on a dispersive and damped floor. These vibrations are utilized to pinpoint the location of impacts using a heuristic algorithm, enabling operation at a low data transmission/reception rate. Traditionally, the placement of sensors within a room has not been given significant consideration in the context of localization; however, our findings indicate that a detailed analysis of both the number and location of sensors can substantially enhance the accuracy of footstep localization. In this study, we have optimized the arrangement and quantity of sensors through the application of bio-inspired metaheuristics, aiming to minimize localization errors across the room. Upon evaluating various bio-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithms, we identified the one that yielded the lowest estimation errors for the room as a whole. Our experimental tests demonstrate that such optimization significantly enhances the efficacy of the localization algorithm, resulting in a reduction of localization error ranging from 18.24% to 46.78% across different trajectories.
Unsupervised MRI motion artifact disentanglement: introducing MAUDGAN
Authors: Safari Mojtaba , Yang Xiaofeng , Chang Chih-Wei , Qiu Richard L J , Fatemi Ali , Archambault Louis 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study developed an unsupervised motion artifact reduction method for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of patients with brain tumors. The proposed novel design uses multi-parametric multicenter contrast-enhanced T1W (ceT1W) and T2-FLAIR MRI images. Approach. The proposed framework included two generators, two discriminators, and two feature extractor networks. A 3-fold cross-validation was used to train and fine-tune the hyperparameters of the proposed model using 230 brain MRI images with tumors, which were then tested on 148 patients’ in-vivo datasets. An ablation was performed to evaluate the model’s compartments. Our model was compared with Pix2pix and CycleGAN. Six evaluation metrics were reported, including normalized mean squared error (NMSE), structural similarity index (SSIM), multi-scale-SSIM (MS-SSIM), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), visual information fidelity (VIF), and multi-scale gradient magnitude similarity deviation (MS-GMSD). Artifact reduction and consistency of tumor regions, image contrast, and sharpness were evaluated by three evaluators using Likert scales and compared with ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD tests. Main results. On average, our method outperforms comparative models to remove heavy motion artifacts with the lowest NMSE (18.34±5.07%) and MS-GMSD (0.07 ± 0.03) for heavy motion artifact level. Additionally, our method creates motion-free images with the highest SSIM (0.93 ± 0.04), PSNR (30.63 ± 4.96), and VIF (0.45 ± 0.05) values, along with comparable MS-SSIM (0.96 ± 0.31). Similarly, our method outperformed comparative models in removing in-vivo motion artifacts for different distortion levels except for MS- SSIM and VIF, which have comparable performance with CycleGAN. Moreover, our method had a consistent performance for different artifact levels. For the heavy level of motion artifacts, our method got the highest Likert scores of 2.82 ± 0.52, 1.88 ± 0.71, and 1.02 ± 0.14 (p-values

≪

0.0001) for our method, CycleGAN, and Pix2pix respectively. Similar trends were also found for other motion artifact levels. Significance. Our proposed unsupervised method was demonstrated to reduce motion artifacts from the ceT1W brain images under a multi-parametric framework.
Existence of a detachment cliff at ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Scotti L , Cavedon M , Bernert M , Brida D , Kurzan B , Dux R ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The detachment cliff is a bifurcative transition to partial detachment recently discovered at the DIII-D tokamak (McLean et al 2015 J. Nucl. Mater.
463 533–6). This work presents a database analysis of target parameters in L-mode and H-mode discharges to search for a detachment cliff at ASDEX Upgrade (AUG). Most of the transitions from attached to partially detached divertor conditions observed in H- and L-mode discharges in AUG show bifurcative-like characteristics that are consistent with the properties of the detachment cliff if the

B
×
∇
B

drift is directed towards the active X-point. In the operational space of power and density, the bifurcative transitions identified during an L-mode discharge occur at injected power and density higher than a threshold value (

P

tot

> 0.7  MW and n
e
> 1.6 × 10

19

m−3, respectively). Furthermore, the temperatures at which the transitions start are found to be insensitive to the injected impurity, the injected power and the value of the upstream density. Finally, the study of the evolution of the target parameters, of the intensity of the

D

α

line and of specific manometers and bolometer lines of sights shows that the physical process underlying the detachment cliff and the self-sustained divertor oscillations (Heinrich 2020 Nucl. Fusion
60 076013) might be the same.
Numerical simulations on loss of ICRF-heated NBI ions in EAST
Authors: Song Chengyi , Wang Ji , Wu Bin , Yin Lan , Gong Xueyu , Hao Baolong , Chen Yuqing , Huang Qianhong , Zhong Yijun , Xie Yahong , Xie Yuanlai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The loss of ion cyclotron resonance frequencies (ICRF)-heated neutral beam injection ions in experimental advanced superconducting tokamak was numerically investigated by ORBIT code simulations. The effects of collisions and ripples on particle losses were taken into account, and the distributions of fast ions generated by different beams in combination with ICRF heating were calculated using the TRANSP code. Results showed that ICRF waves altered the orbital distributions of beam ions, causing an increase in trapped ions and fast ion losses. Additionally, for co-current injected beams, perpendicular injection resulted in higher fast ion losses in synergistic heating than tangential injection. The study also found that the synergistic effect of collisions and ripples enhanced fast ion losses, which were highly localized and generated a maximum heat load of 0.165 MW m−2 on the first wall. However, conducting synergy heating experiments at high plasma currents and low effective ion charge numbers can significantly reduce the loss of fast ions.
Isolated attosecond electron and hard x-ray pulse generation by ultra-intense spatiotemporal vortex laser
Authors: Ju L B , Wu C N , Yu M Y , Huang T W , Zhang H , Wu S Z , Zhou C T , Ruan S C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) laser pulse, characterized by containing a space-time dependent spiral phase structure and intrinsic transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM), has been of much recent research interest for basic physics as well as potential applications in optical communication and manipulation, as well as the attosecond sciences. Here we consider electron acceleration and generation of attosecond hard x-rays by irradiating a thin foil with intense STOV laser pulse. It is found that the affected foil electrons can be trapped and acquire transverse OAM, or synchrotron-like motion, from the STOV, as well as accelerated forward by the transverse and enhanced axial laser electric fields to form a tiny energetic bunch at the front of the laser pulse and emit short (

∼

400

attosecond) high-flux (

>

10

9

photons per pulse) hard (100–1000 keV) x rays.
Size-dependent effect on the interaction of surface waves in micropolar thermoelastic medium with dual pore connectivity
Authors: Das Soumik , Dutta Rachaita , Craciun Eduard-Marius , Sur Abhik , Barak M S , Gupta Vipin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This research tackles a critical knowledge gap in Rayleigh surface wave propagation. It offers a comprehensive analysis that surpasses previous limitations. A size-dependent micropolar medium with unique void distributions and thermal effects is considered in this work. The constitutive relations and equations of motion for a nonlocal micropolar thermoelastic medium with double voids (MTMWDV) have been established by using Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory. Employing the three-phase-lag thermoelasticity theory (TPLTE), the study utilizes a wave-mode method to derive analytical solutions for Rayleigh waves in a nonlocal MTMWDV. To gain a comprehensive understanding of wave behavior, we solve the characteristic equation and analyze its roots, applying a filter based on the surface wave decay condition. A medium with stress-free and isothermal boundaries is explored through computational simulations to determine the attenuation coefficient and phase velocity. Furthermore, particle motion analysis is conducted to complement the analytical and computational approaches. Moreover, the influence of the nonlocal parameter and various thermoelastic models on these wave phenomena is investigated. The validity of the current mathematical model is confirmed through the derivation of particular scenarios.
High responsivity VIS-NIR photodetector based on (PEA)2PbI4/P3HT heterojunction
Authors: Zhang Haiting , Wu Wenyao , Zhong Xuanqi , Du Langlang , Fu Zhendong , WenBao Sun , Liu Jiangnan , Song Xiaoxian , Zhang Jingjing , Liang Ying , Dai Zijie , Ren Yunpeng , Ye Yunxia , Ren Xudong , Yao Jianquan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite is an ideal platform for building high-performance photodetectors due to its unique structure, excellent stability, and tunable bandgap. However, 2D perovskite heterojunction photodetectors are still less reported. In this work, the photodetector based on (PEA)2PbI4/P3HT heterojunction was prepared by the liquid-phase solution method under air conditions, which showed a responsivity (R) of 8.38 A W−1 and a specific detectivity (D*) of 6.53 × 1011Jones under 808 nm light. In addition, the device has a transient response time of 79.57 μs/484 μs and a high stability performance that maintains more than 95% of the photocurrent under continuous cycling tests and shows good cyclic stability after 30 days without encapsulation. This work provides a promising strategy for extending 2D perovskite photodetectors in the VIS to NIR spectral range.
Rotating kiselev black holes in f(R, T) gravity
Authors: Ghosh Sushant G , Islam Shafqat Ul , Maharaj Sunil D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Exact solutions describing rotating black holes can provide significant opportunities for testing modified theories of gravity, which are motivated by the challenges posed by dark energy and dark matter. Starting with a spherical Kiselev black hole as a seed metric, we construct rotating Kiselev black holes within the f(R, T) gravity framework using the revised Newman-Janis algorithmthe f(R, T) gravity-motivated rotating Kiselev black holes (FRKBH) with additional parameter quintessence parameter ω and state parameter γ, apart from mass M and spin a, which encompasses, as exceptional cases, Kerr (K = 0) and effective Kerr-Newman (K = Q
2) black holes. These solutions give rise to distinct classes of black holes surrounded by fluids while considering specific values of the w for viable choices for the f(R, T) function. From the parameter space or domain of existence of black holes defined by a and γ for FKRBH, we discover that when a
1 < a < a
2, there is a critical value γ = γ

E
which corresponds to extreme value black holes portrayed by degenerate horizons. When a < a
1 (a > a
2), we encounter two distinct critical values γ = γ

E1, γ

E2 with γ

E1 > γ

E2 (or γ = γ

E3, γ

E4 with γ

E3 > γ

E4). We discuss the horizon and global structure of FKRBH spacetimes and examine their dependence on parameters w and γ. This exploration is motivated by the remarkable effects of f(R, T) gravity, which gives rise to diverse and intricate spacetime structures within the domain where black holes exist.
GaInX3 (X = S, Se, Te): Ultra-low thermal conductivity and excellent thermoelectric performance
Authors: Duan 段 Zhi-Fu 志福 , Ding 丁 Chang-Hao 长浩 , Ding 丁 Zhong-Ke 中科 , Xiao 肖 Wei-Hua 威华 , Xie 谢 Fang 芳 , Luo 罗 Nan-Nan 南南 , Zeng 曾 Jiang 犟 , Tang 唐 Li-Ming 黎明 , Chen 陈 Ke-Qiu 克求 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Seeking intrinsically low thermal conductivity materials is a viable strategy in the pursuit of high-performance thermoelectric materials. Here, by using first-principles calculations and semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory, we systemically investigate the carrier transport and thermoelectric properties of monolayer Janus GaInX
3 (X = S, Se, Te). It is found that the lattice thermal conductivities can reach values as low as 3.07 W⋅m−1⋅K−1, 1.16 W⋅m−1⋅K−1 and 0.57 W⋅m−1⋅K−1 for GaInS3, GaInSe3, and GaInTe3, respectively, at room temperature. This notably low thermal conductivity is attributed to strong acoustic-optical phonon coupling caused by the presence of low-frequency optical phonons in GaInX
3 materials. Furthermore, by integrating the characteristics of electronic and thermal transport, the dimensionless figure of merit ZT can reach maximum values of 0.95, 2.37, and 3.00 for GaInS3, GaInSe3, and GaInTe3, respectively. Our results suggest that monolayer Janus GaInX
3 (X = S, Se, Te) is a promising candidate for thermoelectric and heat management applications.
FL-Online: An x-ray crystallographic web-server for atomic-scale structure analysis of biomolecule
Authors: Wang 王 Bintang 宾堂 , Niu 牛 Tongxin 彤欣 , Fan 范 Haifu 海福 , Ding 丁 Wei 玮 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
FL-Online (http://fanlab.ac.cn) is an out-of-box modern web service featuring a user-friendly interface and simplified parameters, providing academic users with access to a series of online programs for biomolecular crystallography, including SAPI-online, OASIS-online, C-IPCAS-online and a series of upcoming software releases. Meanwhile, it is a highly scalable and maintainable web application framework that provides a powerful and flexible solution for academic web development needs. All the codes are open-source under MIT licenses in GitHub.
Enhancing aqueous Zn-Mn battery performance using Na+ ion conducting ceramic membrane
Authors: Senthilkumar S.T. , Alawadhi Hussain , Allagui Anis 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The low cell voltage and capacity of conventional Zn-MnO2 batteries often result in limited energy density. In this study, we assembled a Zn-MnO2 battery based on the acid-alkaline electrolyte decoupled concept and reversible MnO2/Mn2+ deposition/dissolution chemistry to increase the cell voltage and capacity. We used a Na+ ion conducting NASICON ceramic membrane in the battery to decouple the acid and alkaline electrolytes effectively. The assembled Zn-MnO2 battery demonstrated a cell voltage of 2.43 V and a coulombic efficiency (CE) of 90% at a current density of 0.2 mA/cm2. It also exhibited excellent rechargeability with continuous charge and discharge cycles. After 100 cycles, the battery exhibits a capacity of 0.36 mAh with a maximum CE of 93.42%. A study on the battery’s self-discharge performance showed that a maximum of 71% capacity could be recovered from the charged battery after 24 hours of rest. Finally, we fabricated a pouch-type acid-alkaline electrolyte decoupled Zn-MnO2 battery and examined its feasibility.
Light absorption enhancement in dye-sensitized solar cells using thin nanostructured photoelectrodes
Authors: Alqaydi Maitha S , Oboudi Saad , Zhang Di 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As thin-film solar cells are the attraction of many research works nowadays, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) among other types hold the promise of excellent cost/performance ratio because of the relatively low material costs and simple processing conditions. In order to improve its relatively low performance, different approaches are being explored to enhance the photon-to-current conversion efficiency. Notably, one of the most accessible approaches is by modifying the optical characteristics of the photoelectrode of DSSCs to improve light trapping within the cell. Here, we introduce a cost-effective nanopatterning process done on the photo-active TiO2 photoelectrode layer for better light absorption. This simple technique resulted in increased cell short-circuit current density (from 4.664 to 5.963 mA/cm2) which consequently enhanced cell efficiency (from 2.243 to 2.819%). Furthermore, without compromising the absorption significantly, nanopatterned photoelectrodes with a smaller thickness can lead to reduced material costs and possibly allowing the construction of semitransparent cells. This work can contribute to an attainable efficient DSSC manufacturing route for practical applications.