bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐ and temperature‐dependent oviposition model of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) with Tetranychus urticae as prey
Authors: Kim T. , Ahn J. J. , Lee J.‐H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this study, we developed an oviposition model of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) with Tetranychus urticae Koch as prey. To obtain data for the model, we investigated the longevity, fecundity and survivorship of adult female N. californicus at six constant temperatures (16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36°C), 60–70% RH and a photoperiod of 16 : 8 (L : D) h. Longevity (average ± SE) decreased as temperature increased and was longest at 16°C (46.7 ± 5.25 days) and shortest at 36°C (12.8 ± 0.75 days). Adult developmental rate (1/average longevity) was described by the Lactin 1 model (r2 = 0.95). The oviposition period (average±SE) was also longest at 16°C (29.8 ± 2.93 days) and shortest at 36°C (6.7 ± 0.54 days). Fecundity (average±SE) was greatest at 24°C (43.8 ± 3.23 eggs) and lowest at 36°C (15.9 ± 1.50 eggs). The oviposition model comprised temperature‐dependent fecundity, age‐specific cumulative oviposition rate and age‐specific survival rate functions. The temperature‐dependent fecundity was best described by an exponential equation (r2 = 0.81). The age‐specific cumulative oviposition rate was best described by the three‐parameter Weibull function (r2 = 0.96). The age‐specific survival rate was best described by a reverse sigmoid function (r2 = 0.85).
Psychosocial and psychiatric characteristics of suicide completers with psychiatric treatment before death: A psychological autopsy study of 76 cases
Authors: Hirokawa Seiko , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Katsumata Yotaro , Kitani Masahiko , Akazawa Masato , Takahashi Yoshitomo , Kawakami Norito , Watanabe Naoki , Hirayama Masami , Kameyama Akiko , Takeshima Tadashi 
Published: May 2012

Aim:  The present study was conducted to examine differences in psychosocial and psychiatric characteristics between suicide completers with and without a history of psychiatric treatment within the year before death, using a psychological autopsy method.Methods:  A semi‐structured interview was administered by a psychiatrist and other mental health professionals for the closest bereaved of 76 suicide completers.Results:  Suicide completers with a history of psychiatric treatment (n = 38) were significantly younger than those without (n = 38) (P < 0.01), and a significantly higher proportion of cases in the treatment group were estimated to be suffering from schizophrenia. Further, in 57.9% of the treatment group, the fatal suicidal behavior involved overdose with prescribed psychotropic drugs. In addition, female suicide completers in the treatment group were more likely to have a history of self‐harm or non‐fatal suicidal behavior.Conclusion:  Many suicide completers who received psychiatric treatment were young adults. It was common for suicide completers to overdose on prescribed drugs as a supplementary means of suicide, and many experienced self‐harming behavior before death. In addition, a higher proportion of the treatment cases suffered from schizophrenia.
Site‐dependent and state‐dependent inhibition of pruritogen‐responsive spinal neurons by scratching
Authors: Akiyama Tasuku , Tominaga Mitsutoshi , Carstens Mirela Iodi , Carstens Earl E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe relief of itch by scratching is thought to involve inhibition of pruritogen‐responsive neurons in the spinal cord. We recorded the responses of superficial dorsal horn neurons in mice to intradermal injection of the pruritogens chloroquine and histamine. Scratching within an area 5–17 mm distant from the injection site, outside of the units’ mechanoreceptive fields (off‐site), significantly inhibited chloroquine‐evoked and histamine‐evoked responses without affecting capsaicin‐evoked firing. This is consistent with observations that scratching at a distance from a site of itch is antipruritic. In contrast, scratching directly at the injection site (within the receptive field; on‐site) had no effect on chloroquine‐evoked neuronal firing, but enhanced the same neurons’ responses to intradermal injection of the algogen capsaicin. Moreover, neuronal responses to histamine were enhanced during on‐site scratching, and this was followed by suppression of firing below baseline levels after termination of scratching. Scratching thus inhibits pruritogen‐responsive neurons in a manner that depends on the input modality (i.e. pain vs. histamine‐dependent or histamine‐independent itch) and skin location.
Temporal variability in the diversity and composition of stream bacterioplankton communities
Authors: Portillo Maria C. , Anderson Suzanne P. , Fierer Noah 
Published: May 2012

SummaryBacterioplankton in freshwater streams play a critical role in stream nutrient cycling. Despite their ecological importance, the temporal variability in the structure of stream bacterioplankton communities remains understudied. We investigated the composition and temporal variability of stream bacterial communities and the influence of physicochemical parameters on these communities. We used barcoded pyrosequencing to survey bacterial communities in 107 streamwater samples collected from four locations in the Colorado Rocky Mountains from September 2008 to November 2009. The four sampled locations harboured distinct communities yet, at each sampling location, there was pronounced temporal variability in both community composition and alpha diversity levels. These temporal shifts in bacterioplankton community structure were not seasonal; rather, their diversity and composition appeared to be driven by intermittent changes in various streamwater biogeochemical conditions. Bacterial communities varied independently of time, as indicated by the observation that communities in samples collected close together in time were no more similar than those collected months apart. The temporal turnover in community composition was higher than observed in most previously studied microbial, plant or animal communities, highlighting the importance of stochastic processes and disturbance events in structuring these communities over time. Detailed temporal sampling is important if the objective is to monitor microbial community dynamics in pulsed ecosystems like streams.
Are postoperative complications more common following colon and rectal surgery in patients with chronic kidney disease?
Authors: Canedo J. , Ricciardi K. , DaSilva G. , Rosen L. , Weiss E. G. , Wexner S. D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim  According to National Kidney Foundation guidelines, early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be detected through the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We assessed complications following colorectal surgery (CRS) in patients with CKD Stages 3 and 4, as defined by the eGFR.Method  Patients with CKD were identified within our database. Patients with an eGFR of 15–59 ml/min (CKD Stages 3 and 4) formed the CKD group and were compared with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score‐matched controls with an eGFR of ≥ 60 ml/min. Assessments included demographics, comorbidity, ASA score, operative details and 30‐day postoperative outcome.Results  Seventy patients in the CKD group were matched with 70 controls. ASA scores and length of stay did not differ significantly between the groups. CKD patients were older (mean age 76.5 years vs 71.1 years; P < 0.001) and had a lower mean body mass index (24.3 vs 28.2; P < 0.001) compared with controls. Compared with the CKD group, the mean operation time was longer in the control group (181.5 min vs 151.6 min; P = 0.02) and the estimated blood loss was greater (232 ml vs 165 ml; P = 0.004). Postoperative infection was more common in the CKD group (60%vs 40%; P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in reoperation rates, 30‐day readmissions or the incidence of acute renal failure (ARF).Conclusion  Patients with CKD Stages 3 and 4 had a higher incidence of postoperative infections than matched controls after colorectal surgery. ARF developed in 18.6% of patients. Preoperative optimization should include adequate hydration and assessment of potentially nephrotoxic substances for bowel preparation, preoperative antibiotics and pain control.
THE PERSISTENCE OF INCOME POVERTY AND LIFESTYLE DEPRIVATION: EVIDENCE FROM ITALY
Authors: Devicienti Francesco , Gualtieri Valentina , Rossi Mariacristina 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis article estimates poverty persistence over an individual's lifetime, using two definitions: income poverty and a multidimensional index of lifestyle deprivation. We stress the ability of the two definitions to provide a generally consistent characterization of poverty persistence risks faced by various population subgroups, but also the additional insights to be gained by analysing the two definitions in parallel in a longitudinal context. The results of multiple‐spell hazard rate models highlight the weaknesses of the Italian labour market, the insufficiencies of the existing social security system, and the deep territorial dualism in generating persistent poverty for certain groups of the population.
Cannabidiol inhibits angiogenesis by multiple mechanisms
Authors: Solinas M , Massi P , Cantelmo AR , Cattaneo MG , Cammarota R , Bartolini D , Cinquina V , Valenti M , Vicentini LM , Noonan DM , Albini A , Parolaro D 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Several studies have demonstrated anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic actions of cannabinoids on various tumours, together with their anti‐angiogenic properties. The non‐psychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) effectively inhibits the growth of different types of tumours in vitro and in vivo and down‐regulates some pro‐angiogenic signals produced by glioma cells. As its anti‐angiogenic properties have not been thoroughly investigated to date, and given its very favourable pharmacological and toxicological profile, here, we evaluated the ability of CBD to modulate tumour angiogenesis.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Firstly, we evaluated the effect of CBD on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and viability – through [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and FACS analysis – and in vitro motility – both in a classical Boyden chamber test and in a wound‐healing assay. We next investigated CBD effects on different angiogenesis‐related proteins released by HUVECs, using an angiogenesis array kit and an ELISA directed at MMP2. Then we evaluated its effects on in vitro angiogenesis in treated HUVECs invading a Matrigel layer and in HUVEC spheroids embedded into collagen gels, and further characterized its effects in vivo using a Matrigel sponge model of angiogenesis in C57/BL6 mice.KEY RESULTS CBD induced HUVEC cytostasis without inducing apoptosis, inhibited HUVEC migration, invasion and sprouting in vitro, and angiogenesis in vivo in Matrigel sponges. These effects were associated with the down‐modulation of several angiogenesis‐related molecules.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study reveals that CBD inhibits angiogenesis by multiple mechanisms. Its dual effect on both tumour and endothelial cells supports the hypothesis that CBD has potential as an effective agent in cancer therapy.
Photochemical inactivation of chikungunya virus in plasma and platelets using the Mirasol pathogen reduction technology system
Authors: Vanlandingham Dana L. , Keil Shawn D. , Horne Kate McElroy , Pyles Richard , Goodrich Raymond P. , Higgs Stephen 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging mosquito‐borne virus that has been responsible for a number of large‐scale epidemics as well as imported cases covering a wide geographical range. As a blood‐borne virus capable of mounting a high‐titer viremia in infected humans, CHIKV was included on a list of risk agents for transfusion and organ transplant by the AABB Transfusion‐Transmitted Diseases Committee. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of the Mirasol pathogen reduction technology (PRT) system (CaridianBCT Biotechnologies) to inactivate live virus in contaminated plasma and platelet (PLT) samples.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma, PLTs, and phosphate‐buffered saline controls were spiked with CHIKV and treated with riboflavin and varying doses of ultraviolet (UV) light using the Mirasol PRT system. Samples were tested before and after treatment for cytotoxicity, interference, and virus titer by titration and quantitative real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: A significant reduction in CHIKV titer of greater than 99% was recorded after treatment of plasma or PLTs with the Mirasol PRT system, and the titer reduction was directly proportional to the UV dose delivered to the samples. No cytotoxicity of interference was observed in any sample at any treatment dose.CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the Mirasol PRT system efficiently inactivated live CHIKV in plasma and PLTs and could therefore potentially be used to prevent CHIKV transmission through the blood supply.
Hand eczema: prevalence and risk factors of hand eczema in a population of 2274 healthcare workers
Authors: Ibler Kristina S. , Jemec Gregor B. E. , Flyvholm Mari‐Ann , Diepgen Thomas L. , Jensen Askel , Agner Tove 
Published: May 2012

Background. Healthcare workers are at increased risk of developing hand eczema.Objectives. To investigate the prevalence and severity of self‐reported hand eczema, and to relate the findings to demographic data, occupation, medical speciality, wards, shifts, and working hours.Patients/materials/methods. A survey of 3181 healthcare workers was performed. Data were analysed with logistic regression. Data on sick leave and notification to the authorities were obtained.Results. The response rate was 71% (2274 of 3181). The 1‐year prevalence of hand eczema was 21%, and was positively associated with atopic dermatitis, younger age, male sex (male doctors), and working hours. Eighty nine per cent of subjects reported mild/moderate lesions. Atopic dermatitis was the only factor significantly related to severity. Sick leave was reported by 8% of subjects, and notification to the authorities by 12%.Conclusions. The 21% prevalence of hand eczema in healthcare workers is double the prevalence in the background population. Eleven per cent of hand eczema patients reported severe/very severe eczema. No significant differences were found between professions or medical specialities with respect to prevalence or severity, but cultural differences between professions with respect to coping with the eczema were significant. Atopic dermatitis was related to increased prevalence and severity, and preventive efforts should be made for healthcare workers with atopic dermatitis.
Biomarkers of Coagulation, Inflammation, and Angiogenesis are Independently Associated with Preeclampsia
Authors: Boij Roland , Svensson Judit , Nilsson‐Ekdahl Kristina , Sandholm Kerstin , Lindahl Tomas L. , Palonek Elzbieta , Garle Mats , Berg Göran , Ernerudh Jan , Jenmalm Maria , Matthiesen Leif 
Published: May 2012

ProblemAlthough preeclampsia has been associated with inflammation, coagulation, and angiogenesis, their correlation and relative contribution are unknown.Method of StudyAbout 114 women with preeclampsia, 31 with early onset (EOP) and 83 with late onset preeclampsia (LOP), and 100 normal pregnant controls were included. A broad panel of 32 biomarkers reflecting coagulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis was analyzed.ResultsPreeclampsia was associated with decreased antithrombin, IL‐4 and placental growth factor levels and with increased C3a, pentraxin‐3, and sFlt‐1 levels, with more marked differences in the EOP group. The Th1‐associated chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL11 were significantly higher in the preeclampsia and EOP group than in controls, respectively. No correlations between the biomarkers were found in preeclampsia. Multivariate logistic regression tests confirmed the results.ConclusionsCytokines, chemokines and complement activation seem to be part of a Th1‐like inflammatory reaction in preeclampsia, most pronounced in EOP, where chemokines may be more useful than cytokines as biomarkers. Biomarkers were not correlated suggesting partly independent or in time separated mechanisms.
In vivo Multiphoton Microscopy Technique to Reveal the Physiology of the Mouse Placenta
Authors: Zenclussen Ana C. , Olivieri David N. , Dustin Michael L. , Tadokoro Carlos E. 
Published: May 2012

ProblemPregnancy is a challenge to the maternal immune system as it must defend the body against pathogens while at the same time develop immune tolerance against the fetus growing inside the uterus. Despite ex vivo techniques being used to understand these processes, in vivo techniques are missing.Method of StudyTo directly study these phenomena, we have developed a new microscope stage and surgical procedures for use in two‐photon microscopy, for in vivo observation of the mouse placenta.ResultsThese tools and surgical procedures demonstrate fetal and maternal blood flow inside the labyrinth zone of the placenta, as well as its three dimensional structure. It was also useful to identify Plasmodium chabaudi‐infected red blood cells inside this labyrinth zone.ConclusionWe believe this technique will represent an important contribution for expanding the available knowledge concerning cell dynamics and interactions at the fetal‐maternal interface.
Trends in breastfeeding: it is not only at the breast anymore
Authors: Geraghty Sheela R. , Sucharew Heidi , Rasmussen Kathleen M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe past characterisations of breastfeeding as being only at the breast of the mother may no longer be applicable in the United States as mothers now frequently express their milk. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with women who visited the Cincinnati Children's Breastfeeding Medicine Clinic to understand breast milk feeding behaviours of healthy mothers and infants, which included questions specifically about breast milk expression. All 40 mothers in the cohort expressed their milk and all 40 infants were fed expressed milk. One infant was fed another mother's milk for 30 days. Two‐thirds (13/40) of infants received their mother's expressed milk at least a week after it was first expressed and 25% (10/40) of infants continued to be fed expressed breast milk after mothers had stopped expressing milk. There were 14 sequences of breast milk production by the mothers and 16 sequences of consumption by the infants. Early in the post‐partum period, mothers started expressing milk even though their infants were consuming all of the breast milk that they needed at the breast. As a result of breast milk expression by all mothers in this cohort, we observed highly variable patterns of maternal breast milk production and infant breast milk consumption, which were not necessarily synchronous within a dyad. It is now time to develop appropriate ways to characterise the production and consumption of breast milk more accurately and investigate whether these behaviours have consequences for the health of mothers and infants.
Recent Studies in Nineteenth‐Century Spiritualism
Authors: Ferguson Christine 
Published: May 2012

AbstractInaugurated some thirty years ago, the massive resurgence of scholarly interest in nineteenth‐century Spiritualism – a once‐derided heterodox movement which offered believers the opportunity to speak with the dead – continues to gain momentum as we reach the second decade of the twenty‐first century. This article examines how twenty‐first century feminist, cultural studies, post‐structuralist, and periodical studies approaches to the movement develop and differ from those of both its nineteen‐eighties recoverers and indeed its nineteenth‐century practitioners and adherents. What is at stake, intellectually, politically, and ethically, in the ways in which contemporary critics now interrogate and align transatlantic practices of mediumship and séance communication? In particular, I trace the growing challenge to the long‐ubiquitous and near‐exclusive emphasis on the movement’s feminist and proleptically radical dimensions, one which, however laudable in its progressive ambitions, has nonetheless tended to over‐homogenize Spiritualism’s chaotically diverse political and philosophical identifications and to sometimes skew our understanding of its constituency. Recent moves to republish and digitize rare works from the transatlantic Spiritualist archive have the potential to remedy this situation, not by installing an univocal Ur‐meaning for the movement, but by revealing new areas of dynamic tension and cross‐fertilization within it.
“Mock not Flesh and Blood/With Solemn Reverence”: Recovering Radical Shakespeare
Authors: Fitter Chris 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPredominantly conservative construal of Shakespeare’s politics in the 19th and early twentieth century was followed by a pervasive emphasis upon his allegedly unalignable ambiguation: a conclusion largely undisturbed by New Historicist and Post‐Structuralist approaches. The discovery by major Left critics in the 1960s and 1980s of a populist Shakespeare, radical in critiques of power, effected curiously little impact upon that governing paradigm. Recognition of Shakespeare’s radicalism has subsequently begun emerging sporadically, incrementally, and almost involuntarily. Such revaluations draw strength, however, from fuller historical study of Shakespeare’s world, recognising both the radical social distress of the 1590s, and the Elizabethan inheritance of multiple lines of Tudor political dissent.
On the biomechanics of stem cell niche formation in the gut – modelling growing organoids
Authors: Buske Peter , Przybilla Jens , Loeffler Markus , Sachs Norman , Sato Toshiro , Clevers Hans , Galle Joerg 
Published: May 2012

In vitro culture of intestinal tissue has been attempted for decades. Only recently did Sato et al. [Sato, T., Vries, R. G., Snippert, H. J., van de Wetering, M., Barker, N., Stange, D. E., van Es, J. H., Abo, A., Kujala, P., Peters, P. J., et al. (2009) Nature459, 262–265] succeed in establishing long‐term intestinal culture, demonstrating that cells expressing the Lgr5 gene can give rise to organoids with crypt‐like domains similar to those found in vivo. In these cultures, Paneth cells provide essential signals supporting stem cell function. We have recently developed an individual cell‐based computational model of the intestinal tissue [Buske, P., Galle, J., Barker, N., Aust, G., Clevers, H. & Loeffler, M. (2011) PLoS Comput Biol7, e1001045]. The model is capable of quantitatively reproducing a comprehensive set of experimental data on intestinal cell organization. Here, we present a significant extension of this model that allows simulation of intestinal organoid formation in silico. For this purpose, we introduce a flexible basal membrane that assigns a bending modulus to the organoid surface. This membrane may be re‐organized by cells attached to it depending on their differentiation status. Accordingly, the morphology of the epithelium is self‐organized. We hypothesize that local tissue curvature is a key regulatory factor in stem cell organization in the intestinal tissue by controlling Paneth cell specification. In simulation studies, our model closely resembles the spatio‐temporal organization of intestinal organoids. According to our results, proliferation‐induced shape fluctuations are sufficient to induce crypt‐like domains, and spontaneous tissue curvature induced by Paneth cells can control cell number ratios. Thus, stem cell expansion in an organoid depends sensitively on its biomechanics. We suggest a number of experiments that will enable new insights into mechano‐transduction in the intestine, and suggest model extensions in the field of gland formation.