bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Decade of Research on Disparities in Medicare Utilization: Lessons for the Health and Health Care of Vulnerable Men
Authors: Gornick Marian E. 
Published: December 2011

Medicare research has shown that there are substantial disparities by race and socioeconomic status in use of services. In this article, I review past research and discuss how findings apply specifically to vulnerable men aged 65 years or older. Six lessons from this review are identified and illustrated here. Disparities in certain measures of health are growing; to reverse this trend, substantial efforts are needed, including dissemination of information about disparities as well as testing of hypotheses regarding underlying causes.
Complications from residual adnexal structures following enucleation in three dogs
Authors: Ward Anne A. , Neaderland Marjorie H. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Case Description—A 3-year-old neutered male Lhasa Apso (dog 1) was evaluated because of chronic swelling at an 8-month-old enucleation site, a 10-year-old spayed female Japanese Chin (dog 2) was evaluated because of chronic swelling at a 6-year-old enucleation site and chronic discharge from a 1-year-old enucleation site, and a 7-year-old spayed female Yorkshire Terrier (dog 3) was evaluated because of chronic discharge from a 3-month-old enucleation site.
Clinical Findings—In all dogs, surgical exploration revealed substantial retention of adnexal remnants within the original enucleation sites. Diagnoses of subcutaneous membrana nictitans inclusion cyst, orbital pneumatosis, and conjunctival mucocele were made in dogs 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
Treatment and Outcome—Following cyst excision, dog 1 received a short course of treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and deracoxib. There was no recurrence of clinical signs over a 2-month follow-up period. For dog 2, conjunctival tissue was excised, and the opening of the lower nasolacrimal canaliculus was cauterized. The patient received postoperative administration of deracoxib as well as orbifloxacin and clindamycin pending bacterial culture results, which were negative. There was no recurrence of clinical signs over an 8-month follow-up period. For dog 3, adnexal remnants were excised. The patient received postoperative administration of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and meloxicam. There was no recurrence of clinical signs over a 6-month follow-up period.
Clinical Relevance—Findings in the dogs of this report highlight the need for complete removal of the ocular adnexa to minimize the risk of complications of enucleation in the long-term follow-up period.
Effect of a nutritional reconditioning program for thin dairy cattle on body weight, carcass quality, and fecal pathogen shedding
Authors: Maier Gabriele U. , Hoar Bruce R. , Stull Carolyn L. , Kass Philip H. , Villanueva Veronica , Maas John 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Objective—To assess changes in body weight, carcass quality, and fecal pathogen shedding in cull dairy cows fed a high-energy ration for 28 or 56 days prior to slaughter.
Design—Randomized clinical trial.
Animals—31 adult Holstein dairy cows.
Procedures—Cows were randomly assigned to a control (immediate slaughter) group or a 28-day or 56-day feeding group. Cows in the feeding groups received a high-energy feed and were weighed every 7 days. Carcasses were evaluated by USDA employees. Fecal and blood samples were collected at the start and end of the feeding periods.
Results—Body condition score and adjusted preliminary yield grade were significantly increased in both feeding groups, compared with values for the control group; body weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, and ribeye area were significantly increased after 56 days, but not after 28 days, compared with values for the control group. Average daily gain and marbling score were significantly lower after feeding for 28 days versus after 56 days. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 shedding in feces decreased from 14% to 5.6%, but this difference was not significant. Cows seropositive for antibodies against bovine leukemia virus that had signs of lymphoma and lame cows had a low average daily gain. Net loss was $71.32/cow and $112.80/cow for the 28-day and 56-day feeding groups, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Feeding market dairy cows improved body condition and carcass quality. Cows seropositive for antibodies against bovine leukemia virus that have signs of lymphoma and lame cows might be poor candidates for reconditioning.
Greek Catholic Metropolitan Church sui iuris in Slovakia and Greek Catholic Church in Czech Republic within the Current Catholic Canon Law
Authors: Čitbaj František 
Published: December 2011

Greek Catholic Metropolitan Church sui iuris in Slovakia and Greek Catholic Church in Czech Republic within the Current Catholic Canon Law
This article treats of new situation of Greek Catholic metropolitan church sui iuris in Slovakia, by describing its historical development. It is describing terms of Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches as tradition, ceremony and church sui iuris. It is also about institutes typical for metropolitan churches, which are the following: the institute of metropolitan, council of hierarch and also convention of metropolitan church sui iuris.
Development of microsatellite markers for Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) Using an ISSR‐TAIL‐PCR method
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Liang , Yang Rui‐Heng , Yao Yi‐Jian 
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for Ophiocordyceps sinensis, an endangered medicinal fungus endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, to investigate its genetic diversity and population structure.• Methods and Results: An inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR)–thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL)–PCR method was established to develop microsatellite markers. A total of 30 perfect and imperfect microsatellites were identified in 48 individuals of O. sinensis from five provinces within China representing different populations. Seventeen loci were polymorphic with two to four alleles per locus, while 13 were monomorphic.• Conclusions: The results indicate that the microsatellite markers developed here may be used in studies of population genetics and conservation biology of O. sinensis. Furthermore, the ISSR‐TAIL‐PCR method is a simple strategy for microsatellite marker development.
The Influence of Dust Standards on the Prevalence and Severity of Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis at Autopsy in the United States of America
Authors: Vallyathan Val , Landsittel Douglas P , Petsonk Edward L , Kahn Jeffrey , Parker John E , Osiowy Karen Tofflemire , Green Francis H.Y 
Published: December 2011

Context.—Coal worker's pneumoconiosis is a major occupational lung disease in the United States. The disease is primarily controlled through reducing dust exposure in coal mines using technological improvements and through the establishment of dust standards by regulatory means.Objective.—To determine if dust standards established in the US Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 have reduced the prevalence and severity of coal worker's pneumoconiosis.Design.—The study population included materials from 6103 deceased coal miners submitted to the National Coal Workers' Autopsy Study from 1971 through 1996. Type and severity of coal worker's pneumoconiosis were classified using standardized diagnostic criteria.Results.—Among miners who worked exclusively prior to the 1969 dust standard, 82.6% had coal macules, 46.3% coal nodules, 28.2% silicotic nodules, and 10.3% progressive massive fibrosis. Lower prevalences were noted among miners exposed exclusively to post-1970 dust levels: 58.8% had coal macules, 15.0% coal nodules, 8.0% silicotic nodules, and 1.2% progressive massive fibrosis. The differences in prevalence were highly significant (P &lt; .001) for all types of pneumoconiosis, including progressive massive fibrosis, after adjustment for age, years of mining, and smoking status.Conclusions.—The study confirms a beneficial impact of the first 25 years of the dust standard established by the 1969 act on the prevalence and severity of coal worker's pneumoconiosis in US coal miners. However, pneumoconiosis continues to occur among miners who have worked entirely within the contemporary standard, suggesting a need for further reductions in exposure to respirable coal mine dust.
Numerical Fidelity of Endoscopic Biopsy Fragments in the Processing Sequence of a University Surgical Pathology Laboratory
Authors: Owens Scott R , Wiehagen Luke , Simmons Christopher , Sikorova Alena , Stewart William , Kelly Susan , Nestler Richard , Yousem Samuel A 
Published: December 2011

Context.—Diagnostic specimens in surgical pathology are, in general, becoming smaller and smaller, as minimally invasive surgical procedures are used to obtain representative tissue. Conservation and effective utilization of small biopsy tissue is therefore crucial in the pathology laboratory.
Objective.—To identify potential areas where biopsy tissue may be lost in the course of processing in our university-based laboratory.
Design.—We followed 2934 endoscopic biopsy samples as they moved through our grossing area and histology laboratory by documenting the number of fragments inked and placed within tissue paper at the time of gross assessment, the number of fragments found in each cassette after processing and subsequently embedded in paraffin, and the number of pieces of tissue present on glass slides after staining.
Results.—In 805 (27.4%) cases, the number of fragments of tissue noted on glass slides containing 2 levels of the paraffin block differed from the number submitted in the tissue cassette. Of these, most (137, 17%) differed between the number of fragments embedded in paraffin and those identified on glass slides. Loss of tissue fragments occurred in only 7.2% of cases, while 26.3% had gains in tissue fragments.
Conclusions.—Recognition of type(s) and source(s) of variation in biopsy fragment numbers is important in quality control and in the overall practical management of a histology laboratory.
A Strategy for Optimizing Staffing to Improve the Timeliness of Inpatient Phlebotomy Collections
Authors: Morrison Aileen P , Tanasijevic Milenko J , Torrence-Hill Joi N , Goonan Ellen M , Gustafson Michael L , Melanson Stacy E.F 
Published: December 2011

Context.—The timely availability of inpatient test results is a key to physician satisfaction with the clinical laboratory, and in an institution with a phlebotomy service may depend on the timeliness of blood collections. In response to safety reports filed for delayed phlebotomy collections, we applied Lean principles to the inpatient phlebotomy service at our institution. Our goal was to improve service without using additional resources by optimizing our staffing model.Objective.—To evaluate the effect of a new phlebotomy staffing model on the timeliness of inpatient phlebotomy collections.Design.—We compared the median time of morning blood collections and average number of safety reports filed for delayed phlebotomy collections during a 6-month preimplementation period and 5-month postimplementation period.Results.—The median time of morning collections was 17 minutes earlier after implementation (7:42 am preimplementation; interquartile range, 6:27–8:48 am; versus 7:25 am postimplementation; interquartile range, 6:20–8:26 am). The frequency of safety reports filed for delayed collections decreased 80% from 10.6 per 30 days to 2.2 per 30 days.Conclusion.—Reallocating staff to match the pattern of demand for phlebotomy collections throughout the day represents a strategy for improving the performance of an inpatient phlebotomy service.
Phenolic Contents and Antioxidants Activities in Jamman Fruit (Eugenia jambolana) Products
Authors: Sheikh Saghir Ahmed , Shahnawaz Muhammad , Nizamani Shafi Muhammad , Bhanger Muhammad Iqbal , Ahmed Ejaz 
Published: December 2011

In this study, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity were determined in various products made from two cultivars of jamman fruit (Eugenia jambolana) i.e. improved (V1) and indigenous (V2). Five products were made from each cultivar such as jam, squash, ready-to-drink juice, pulp powder and seed powder. Fruit cultivars were endogenous to the typical region of Sindh-Pakistan. Total phenolic contents were analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, whereas, the total antioxidant activity was analyzed by using the 2, 2-diphenil-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) assays. The highest total phenolic contents and antioxidants were observed in freeze dried seed powder while the lowest contents were found in squash.
Detection of Outliers in Bioequivalence Studies Data Analysis with Williams Design
Authors: Rasheed A. , Junaid S. , Ahmad T. 
Published: December 2011

Background: Drug Regulatory agencies all over the world generally discourage exclusion of outliers in a BE (BE) study; on the other hand in routine bio-statistical work we take these into the account. If the decision rules for identifying the outliers are clearly mentioned before the start of the study and laid down in protocol by the responsible biostatistician in collaboration with clinicians, the problem of outliers can be dealt smartly without jeopardizing the whole study for redoing. The purpose of this article is to introduce procedure for reliably detecting outlier subject(s) with Williams design.
Experimental: Literature review reveals many different methods for the detection of outlier values in BE studies; most of them are for BE of two treatments. For BE studies with more than two treatments use of Williams design seems imperative; but inclusion and deletion of outlying subjects may lead to profound effect on conclusion of BE which in turn may be dangerous for the health. The suggested method is an adjustment to a previously introduced method using exploratory data analysis technique such as principle component analysis and Andrews curves.
Photodependent release from poly(vinyl alcohol)/epoxypropoxy coumarin hydrogels
Authors: Lee Mi Sun , Kim Jin‐Chul 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTo obtain a photoresponsive hydrogel, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) having coumarin residue as a pending group was crosslinked by photodimerizing the coumarin pendants. PVA having coumarin pendants was prepared by reacting the polymer with epoxypropoxy coumarin (EPC) in a strong alkali condition with EPC/PVA molar ratio of 200/1. According to the 1H NMR spectrum of PVA‐EPC conjugate, the molar ratio of EPC residue to PVA was about 4.3/1, indicating that EPC was attached to PVA every 444 repeating units of vinyl alcohol. An aqueous solution of PVA‐EPC (5%, w/v) became a semi‐solid hydrogel by the irradiation of a light (λ = 365 nm; 400 W) for 1 hr. The dimerization degree of EPC residues of the hydrogel decreased and increased in a periodical manner under the cyclic irradiation between two UV lights (λ = 365 nm and λ = 254 nm). The release of 5(6)‐carboxyfluorescein (CF) from PVA‐EPC hydrogel was significantly enhanced by the 5 min‐irradiation of λ = 254 nm (6 W), possibly due to the photodedimerization of EPC residues of the hydrogel. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Nanocrystals Produced by Exfoliation of Ti3AlC2.
Authors: Naguib Michael , Kurtoglu Murat , Presser Volker , Lu Jun , Niu Junjie , Heon Min , Hultman Lars , Gogotsi Yury , Barsoum Michel W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTreatment of Ti3AlC2 powders in HF (2 h) results in exfoliation and formation of two‐dimensional Ti3C2 layers with OH and/or F surface groups and conical scrolls.
Quasikristalle: Stoffe mit besonderer Struktur
Authors: Welter Kira 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDer Chemie‐Nobelpreis des Jahres 2011 geht an den israelischen Wissenschaftler Dan Shechtman für die Entdeckung der Quasikristalle – außergewöhnliche Materialien mit einer Struktur, die es nach früherer Überzeugung eigentlich gar nicht geben dürfte. In solchen Feststoffen sind die Atome oder Moleküle in Mustern angeordnet, die regelmäßig erscheinen, aber sich niemals wiederholen. Da dieser einzigartige Aufbau zunächst als unmöglich galt, musste der diesjährige Nobelpreisträger vor seiner verdienten Anerkennung einen harten Kampf führen. Zu seinen schärfsten Kritikern gehörte kein geringerer als der zweifache Nobelpreisträger Linus Pauling. Doch schließlich mussten die Wissenschaftler ihre Definition von Kristallen überdenken.
A new approach for assessing offshore piles subjected to cyclic axial loading
Authors: Seidel Marc , Coronel Maria Carmen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new requirement of the BSH (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, the regulatory authority for offshore wind farms in Germany), is the assessment of the effect of cyclic loading on the capacity of foundations supporting offshore wind turbines. There are few practical design methods until now. This paper presents a new approach for assessing offshore piles subjected to cyclic axial loading, which combines two known methods, the approach for static loading as developed by the Imperial College of London (termed ICP approach) and a load‐transfer‐approach as incorporated in software “RATZ” for cyclic loading. Results using this method are compared against tests performed for the Health & Safety Executive (HSE) in Dunkirk and very good agreement is found.Ein neuer Ansatz für die Bemessung axial‐zyklisch belasteter Pfähle von Offshore‐Konstruktionen. Es ist eine Anforderung des BSH, dass die Wirkung zyklischer Belastung auf die Tragfähigkeit von Fundamenten von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen beurteilt wird. Bisher sind praktisch anwendbare Bemessungsmethoden selten. In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuer Ansatz vorgestellt, der zwei bekannte Methoden kombiniert, die ICP‐Methode für die statische Belastung und ein Ansatz über Last‐Verschiebungskurven für zyklische Belastung. Ergebnisse, die mit dieser Methode erzielt werden, werden mit Versuchen verglichen, die für die HSE in Dünkirchen durchgeführt wurden, und eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung wird festgestellt.
Infiltrating monocytes versus resident kupffer cells: Do alternatively activated macrophages need to be targeted alternatively?
Authors: Tacke Frank , Kurts Christian , Kowdley Kris , McCaughan Geoffrey , Trautwein Christian 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

A defining feature of inflammation is the accumulation of innate immune cells in the tissue that are thought to be recruited from the blood. We reveal that a distinct process exists in which tissue macrophages undergo rapid in situ proliferation in order to increase population density. This inflammatory mechanism occurred during T helper 2 (TH2)-related pathologies under the control of the archetypal TH2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) and was a fundamental component of TH2 inflammation because exogenous IL-4 was sufficient to drive accumulation of tissue macrophages through self-renewal. Thus, expansion of innate cells necessary for pathogen control or wound repair can occur without recruitment of potentially tissue-destructive inflammatory cells. (Hepatology 2011)
Enhancing agricultural productivity and rural incomes through sustainable use of natural resources in the Semi Arid Tropics
Authors: Wani Suhas P , Dixin Yin , Li Zhong , Dar William D , Chander Girish 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: A participatory watershed management approach is one of the tested, sustainable and eco‐friendly options to upgrade rain‐fed agriculture to meet growing food demand along with additional multiple benefits in terms of improving livelihoods, addressing equity issues and biodiversity concerns.RESULTS: Watershed interventions at study sites in Thailand (Tad Fa and Wang Chai) and India (Kothapally) effectively reduced runoff and the associated soil loss. Such interventions at Xiaoxincun (China) and Wang Chai improved groundwater recharging and availability. Enhanced productive transpiration increased rainwater use efficiency for crop production by 13–29% at Xiaoxincun; 13–160% at Lucheba (China), 32–37% at Tad Fa and 23–46% at Wang Chai and by two to five times at Kothapally. Watershed interventions increased significantly the additional net returns from crop production as compared with the pre‐watershed intervention period. Increased water availability opened up options for crop diversification with high‐value crops, including increased forage production and boosted livestock‐based livelihoods.CONCLUSION: In dryland tropics, integrated watershed management approach enabled farmers to diversify the systems along with increasing agricultural productivity through increased water availability, while conserving the natural resource base. Household incomes increased substantially, leading to improved living and building the resilience of the community and natural resources. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
A Novel Generalized 3D‐QSAR Model of Camptothecin Analogs
Authors: Bacilieri Magdalena , Paoletta Silvia , Basili Serena , Fanton Marco , Moro Stefano 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the present paper, we are interested to explore if the application of docking‐driven conformational analysis could increase the goodness of 3D‐QSAR statistical models, as alternative approach to a conventional ligand‐based conformer generation. In particular, we have selected as peculiar key‐study an ensemble of Camptothecin (CPT) analogs classified as human DNA Topoisomerase I (Top1) selective inhibitors. The CPT analogs dataset has been recently analyzed by Hansch and Verma using a classical 2D‐QSAR study.
Identification and Application of Antitarget Activity Hotspots to Guide Compound Optimization
Authors: Hessler Gerhard , Matter Hans , Schmidt Friedemann , Giegerich Clemens , Wang Li‐hsing , Güssregen Stefan , Baringhaus Karl‐Heinz 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe optimization of a lead structure to a development candidate often requires removal of undesirable antitarget activities. To this end, we have developed an approach to extract antitarget activity hotspots from larger databases and to transfer this knowledge onto novel chemical series. These antitarget activity hotspots will be captured as pairs of informative molecules, which are chemically closely related, but differ significantly in biological activity. We illustrate the application of antitarget activity hotspots as informative compound pairs for the optimization of side effects in lead structures for relevant antitargets in pharmaceutical research. The use for prospective design requires establishing a structural link between known antitarget hotspot pairs and a new lead structure: we employ 3D‐based similarity comparison for this task. The entire workflow serves as idea generator in early optimization. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated in several optimization problems related to hERG inhibition, and CYP3A4 inhibition. Several structural examples demonstrate the ability of the 3D‐shape searching to identify related scaffolds and the usefulness of the antitarget hotspot information to guide optimization by modulating the undesirable antitarget activity. Such a concept based on the analysis of local similarities and the transfer to 3D‐related series is especially promising in those cases, where the construction of antitarget QSAR models fails to detect local SAR trends for guiding the next optimization cycle.