bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Hospital Nonsmoking Policy on Patients' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Smoking Behavior
Authors: Rosen Amy K. , McCarthy Ellen P. , Moskowitz Mark A. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose: To explore patients' knowledge of and attitudes toward a hospital nonsmoking policy and to examine changes in patients' smoking behavior before admission and after discharge. Design: Patients were surveyed by mail 1 week after hospitalization. Setting: A 379-bed Boston tertiary teaching hospital. Subjects: Seven hundred twenty-six patients were surveyed. There were 337 respondents, yielding a response rate of 59%. Outcome Measures: Policy knowledge, policy satisfaction, and smoking cessation assistance. Smoking status was assessed retrospectively by self-report 1 week before admission and at the time of the survey. Results: Bivariate and multiple logistic regression techniques were used to explore relationships among explanatory variables and outcomes. Knowledge of the policy was fair, although satisfaction with the policy was high. Twenty percent of patients reported that they had quit smoking at the time of the survey; 53% of quitters said they quit because of the policy. Thirty-nine percent of patients reported receiving assistance from medical providers, and 88 % were satisfied with this help. Smoking cessation assistance was not associated with quitting but was related to smoking less (p < 0.02). Conclusions: A hospital nonsmoking policy was well accepted by patients and may have had a favorable impact on patients' smoking behavior. Because intervention by health care providers was limited but appeared to be effective, smoking cessation assistance programs need to be developed and implemented in other hospitals so that these results can be generalizable.
Pygmalion in the Laboratory
Authors: Gardner R. Allen , Scheel Matthew H. , shaw Heidi L. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Testers and bystanders can inadvertently lead subjects to answers in laboratories and in classrooms, in face-to-face tests of human beings and other animals. Many modern investigators avoid leading by using blind tests scrupulously. This article shows how to design blind tests and illustrates common methodological errors that allow leading to confound experimental results. The object is to help experimenters, editors, and readers detect and avoid a common experimental error that often has profound theoretical implications.
Collision Avoidance Concept for the ATC Expert System
Authors: Sinuks I. 
Published: December 2011

Despite the fact that there is unimaginable technological achievement in communication, navigation, surveillance, computation and control, the ATM system suffers from the lack of automation abilities. Almost all main processes of ATM are based on a rigidly structured airspace and centralized human-operated system architecture, but increasing the level of automation we could improve the efficiency of ATM and the human-operator tasks could be simplified. The core objective of any ATM is to guarantee safety and efficiency. The main purpose of this work is to provide theoretical investigation of serious questions in ATC system and in ATC working process. This publication is a continuation of previous work on concept of expert systems that could be used in ATC. Using appropriate knowledge in ATC physics, procedures and technology processes the ways to increase efficiency of Air Traffic Control (ATC) are found that do not destroy the safety level of whole ATM. The analysis of conflict characteristics, collisions and avoiding actions will be a knowledge base for future ATC expert system. Logical expert systems are similar to human operators that are using own knowledge bases, not mathematical functions, and are flexible for solving different typical problems of normal life. Ill. 2, bibl. 4 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.108.2.133
Energy Efficiency Comparison with Cipher Strength of AES and Rijndael Cryptographic Algorithms in Mobile Devices
Authors: Toldinas J. , Stuikys V. , Damasevicius R. , Ziberkas G. , Banionis M. 
Published: December 2011

We analyse energy efficiency vs. cipher strenth of AES/Rijndael crypto algorithms in a mobile device with respect to block and key size. The experimental results show that Pareto-optimal solutions have equal block and key sizes. We also propose three energy/security profiles for the users of mobile devices. As decryption operation requires 14% more energy than encryption, the results of energy consumption measurements when performing data encrypion can be used to predict energy consumption of decryption operation. Ill. 5, bibl. 10, tabl. 2 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.108.2.134
Motor Control using Discontinuous Signals
Authors: Aghion C. , Ursaru O. 
Published: December 2011

This paper makes a comparative analysis of the behaviour of an alternating current motor with different control methods. Two control techniques were used, based on discontinuous reference signals, namely DPWM-S4 and DPWM-S5. Ill. 9, bibl. 7, tabl. 1 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.108.2.135
Analysis of Rejection Properties of Meander Systems
Authors: Katkevicius A. , Staras S. 
Published: December 2011

Influence of transverse asymmetry of meander systems on their frequency characteristics and rejection properties is considered. The model of the systems based on the multiconductor line method is used. Examples of calculated characteristics are presented. Properties of non-homogeneous meander structures, asymmetrical with respect to the longitudinal plane perpendicular to the central part of the system, are revealed. In the meander system containing electrodes with wide central parts of meander conductors and narrowed peripheral parts, the stop-band appears at q = p where q is the phase angle between voltages or current on neighbor conductors. At transverse asymmetry, the period of inhomogeneities along the meander conductor becomes two times greater with respect to the period of inhomogeneities at absence of transverse asymmetry, wherefore input impedance rapidly changes and the stop-band appears when phase angle q approaches to p/2. Increase of variation of characteristic impedances Z(0) or Z(0) or Z(p) followed by increase of the width of the stop-band. Ill. 5, bibl. 14, tabl. 3 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.108.2.136
Analytical Estimation of Self-Similar Wireless Traffic Relaxation Time and Hurst Coefficient Dependence
Authors: Yeryomin R. , Petersons E. 
Published: December 2011

Analyzed formula can be used for finding system relaxation time depending on what server load is and how high is input traffic self-similarity degree. It was found that the best result is achieved with Verhulst equation. Ill. 6, bibl. 6, tabl. 2 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.108.2.139
Investigation of Signalling Flow Transfer Processes based on SCTP Protocol
Authors: Jarutis A. 
Published: December 2011

To establish reliable signalling information transmission over IP network is used SIGTRAN protocol containing a protocol with the transport flows. This protocol, uses signalling messages over IP network, to determine maximum time and number of repetitions. Reports contain the signalling messages transmission over IP network algorithm, which simulated a notification request over IP network, taking into account differences in SCTP message transmission time. A provisional value of transmission characteristics over IP network is determined. Ill. 8, bibl. 7, tabl. 1 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.108.2.140
Dual-Hop System Analysis in Nakagami-m Environment
Authors: Cvetkovic A. D. , Stefanovic M. C. , Sekulovic N. M. , Mekic E. S. , Manic D. 
Published: December 2011

In this paper, performance analysis of dual-hop transmission system is presented. The source-relay (S-R) and relay-destination (RD) channels experience Nakagami-m fading. The generalized case in which desired signal and cochannel interference (CCI) experience mutually different amount of fading is considered. Furthermore, analysis includes the case in which fading severity in S-R and R-D links can be unequal which is real scenario in practice. Outage probability, as an important performance measure, is considered. As an illustration of mathematical formalism, numerical results are presented to show the effects of system and channel parameters on overall performance. Ill. 5, bibl. 5 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.108.2.143
Analytical Method for Differential Amplifier Offset Voltage Analysis
Authors: Baskys A. , Nickelson L. , Navickas R. 
Published: December 2011

The analytical method for differential amplifier offset voltage analysis is presented in the work. The method is developed for the amplifier based on the bipolar junction transistors that operate at high-current density. The transistor model based on the equation of the junction, which takes into account the dependence of majority carrier boundary concentrations on junction voltage that should be considered at high-current density, is used as the base for derivation of input offset voltage equations. The derived equations are valid in the narrow region of current, at which the differential amplifier input offset voltage measurement is provided. The obtained equations allow us to estimate the input offset voltage reduction ways. The results gained using suggested analytical analysis method are confirmed by the numerical investigation of the differential amplifier. Ill. 3, bibl. 11 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.108.2.144
Wavelet Based Reference Current Calculation Method for Active Compensation Systems
Authors: Gokmen G. 
Published: December 2011

Today, active compensation systems have become more preferable compared with passive compensation systems. Performance of an active compensation system depends on current control method of the compensator as well as how this current is generated. In this study, a Discrete Wavelet Packets Transform (DWPT) based method was proposed for calculating reference current of active compensation systems and the results were compared with the currents produced from classical p-q theory. According to the obtained results, the proposed method can be used in active compensation systems without using an additional signal processing and filtering method. Ill. 12, bibl. 21, tabl. 1 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.108.2.146
Mitigation of Magnetizing Inrush Current using Sequential Phase Energization Technique
Authors: Jamali M. , Mirzaie M. , Asghar-Gholamian S. 
Published: December 2011

Energization of a transformer under no load or lightly loaded conditions may result in inrush current with high amplitude that can be comparable with the fault currents. These currents have undesirable effects, including malfunction of the differential relay, mechanical and thermal stresses on transformer and reduced power quality of the system. In this paper, a sequential phase energization technique has been used to mitigate magnetizing inrush current in a grounded system. Because in this technique, the size of the resistor, which is connected to the neutral point of the transformer, has an important role, analytical formulas have been derived to calculate inrush current amplitude with a neutral resistor. These analytical formulas have been implemented in the M-File of the MATLAB software for calculation of different inrush current reduction ratio. Then for the verification of the results, the obtained neutral resistor has beenapplied to the equivalent circuit of a typical three-phase transformer and inrush current reduction has been determined by MATLAB SIMULINK. Ill. 7, bibl. 13 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.108.2.147
Switched Semilogarithmic Quantization of Gaussian Source with Low Delay
Authors: Mosic A. , Peric Z. , Savic M. , Panic S. 
Published: December 2011

In this paper, a novel companding model based on nonuniform scalar quantization switching technique of Gaussian source is presented. A - law compandor implementation is observed. This scalar quantization model, with quantizers adapted to the maximal amplitudes of input signals, provides higher quality of signal-to-quantization noise ratio in a wide range of signal volumes, with respect to it's necessary robustness over a broad range of input variances. The main contribution of this model is achieving higher quality of transmission and possibility of its applying for digitalization of continuous signals in wide range. Ill. 5, bibl. 8, tabl. 1 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.108.2.148
Study of the Impact of Self-Similarity on the Network Node Traffic
Authors: Kaklauskas L. , Sakalauskas L. 
Published: December 2011

The article analyses a stochastically bounded the GI/G/m//N circuit switched network model with packet losses, with stochastic input network traffic, stochastic served network node, and deterministic and finite network node buffer capacity. Max-plus algebra instrumentality is used for the network processes analysis. FIFO tail drop or LIFO tail drop buffer is used. We have established that the average waiting time in the queue had increased when the queue service discipline was FIFO as compared with LIFO, while the offered traffic was Poisson and the served in the node traffic was self-similar. The network traffic is served faster in the network node with the buffer queue discipline LIFO, while the offered traffic is Poisson and its intensity exceeds the served in the node traffic 10 times. Ill. 2, bibl. 24 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.111.5.350
Comparison of Different FWM Realization Methods in Optical Fibre
Authors: Supe A. , Porins J. 
Published: December 2011

This paper describes detailed study in optical fibre nonlinear phenomenon - four wave mixing (FWM). It includes explanation of physical reason and realisation methods in optical fibres. Comparison of two generation schemes in terms of realizing FWM process in optical fibres has given. Results between theoretical calculations and simulation results by OptSim 5.0 software show that FWM interaction intensity is almost invariable for wavelength separation between incident waves till Dl=0.8 nm. But for larger wavelength separation it sharply decrease. Ill. 9, bibl. 6 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.111.5.352
Skin Manifestations of VEXAS Syndrome and Associated Genotypes
Authors: Tan Isabella J. , Ferrada Marcela A. , Ahmad Serene , Fike Alice , Quinn Kaitlin A. , Groarke Emma M. , Beck David B. , Allbritton Jill , Castelo-Soccio Leslie , Young Neal S. , Patel Bhavisha A. , Grayson Peter C. , Cowen Edward W. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceVEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome is a newly defined genetic disease with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 4269 men older than 50 years and is marked by systemic inflammation, progressive bone marrow failure, and inflammatory cutaneous manifestations.ObjectiveTo define the spectrum of cutaneous manifestations in VEXAS syndrome and the association of these findings with clinical, genetic, and histological features.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis observational cohort study included data from 112 patients who were diagnosed with VEXAS-defining genetic variants in UBA1 between 2019 and 2023. Data were collected from medical record review or from patients with VEXAS directly evaluated at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTo define the spectrum of cutaneous manifestations in VEXAS in association with genetic, histological, and other clinical findings. A secondary outcome was cutaneous response to treatment in VEXAS.ResultsAmong the 112 patients (median [range] age, 69 [39-79] years; 111 [99%] male), skin involvement was common (93 [83%]), and the most frequent presenting feature of disease (68 [61%]). Of 64 histopathologic reports available from 60 patients, predominant skin histopathologic findings were leukocytoclastic vasculitis (23 [36%]), neutrophilic dermatosis (22 [34%]), and perivascular dermatitis (19 [30%]). Distinct pathogenic genetic variants were associated with specific cutaneous manifestations. The p.Met41Leu variant was most frequently associated with neutrophilic dermal infiltrates (14 of 17 patients [82%]), often resembling histiocytoid Sweet syndrome. In contrast, the p.Met41Val variant was associated with vasculitic lesions (11 of 20 patients [55%]) with a mixed leukocytic infiltrate (17 of 20 patients [85%]). Oral prednisone improved skin manifestations in 67 of 73 patients (92%). Patients with VEXAS treated with anakinra frequently developed severe injection-site reactions (12 of 16 [75%]), including ulceration (2 of 12 [17%]) and abscess formation (1 of 12 [8%]).Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cohort study show that skin manifestations are a common and early manifestation of VEXAS syndrome. Genetic evaluation for VEXAS should be considered in older male patients with cutaneous vasculitis, neutrophilic dermatoses, or chondritis. Awareness of VEXAS among dermatologists is critical to facilitate early diagnosis.
Integrative Modeling of Accelerometry-Derived Sleep, Physical Activity, and Circadian Rhythm Domains With Current or Remitted Major Depression
Authors: Kang Sun Jung , Leroux Andrew , Guo Wei , Dey Debangan , Strippoli Marie-Pierre F. , Di Junrui , Vaucher Julien , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Vollenweider Peter , Preisig Martin , Merikangas Kathleen R. , Zipunnikov Vadim 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceAccelerometry has been increasingly used as an objective index of sleep, physical activity, and circadian rhythms in people with mood disorders. However, most prior research has focused on sleep or physical activity alone without consideration of the strong within- and cross-domain intercorrelations; and few studies have distinguished between trait and state profiles of accelerometry domains in major depressive disorder (MDD).ObjectivesTo identify joint and individual components of the domains derived from accelerometry, including sleep, physical activity, and circadian rhythmicity using the Joint and Individual Variation Explained method (JIVE), a novel multimodal integrative dimension-reduction technique; and to examine associations between joint and individual components with current and remitted MDD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study examined data from the second wave of a population cohort study from Lausanne, Switzerland. Participants included 2317 adults (1164 without MDD, 185 with current MDD, and 968 with remitted MDD) with accelerometry for at least 7 days. Statistical analysis was conducted from January 2021 to June 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFeatures derived from accelerometry for 14 days; current and remitted MDD. Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and anxiety and substance use disorders.ResultsAmong 2317 adults included in the study, 1261 (54.42%) were female, and mean (SD) age was 61.79 (9.97) years. JIVE reduced 28 accelerometry features to 3 joint and 6 individual components (1 sleep, 2 physical activity, 3 circadian rhythms). Joint components explained 58.5%, 79.5%, 54.5% of the total variation in sleep, physical activity, and circadian rhythm domains, respectively. Both current and remitted depression were associated with the first 2 joint components that were distinguished by the salience of high-intensity physical activity and amplitude of circadian rhythm and timing of both sleep and physical activity, respectively. MDD had significantly weaker circadian rhythmicity.Conclusions and RelevanceApplication of a novel multimodal dimension-reduction technique demonstrates the importance of joint influences of physical activity, circadian rhythms, and timing of both sleep and physical activity with MDD; dampened circadian rhythmicity may constitute a trait marker for MDD. This work illustrates the value of accelerometry as a potential biomarker for subtypes of depression and highlights the importance of consideration of the full 24-hour sleep-wake cycle in future studies.
Improved Hole‐Selective Contact Enables Highly Efficient and Stable FAPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cells and Semitransparent Modules
Authors: Zhu Helong , Xu Zigeng , Zhang Zhiyang , Lian Shuang , Wu Yanjie , Zhang Dezhong , Zhan Hongmei , Wang Lixiang , Han Liyuan , Qin Chuanjiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) as the hole‐selective contact have achieved remarkable success in iodine‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), while their impact on bromine‐based PSCs is limited due to the poor perovskite crystallization behavior and mismatched energy level alignment. Here, a highly efficient SAM of (2‐(3,6‐diiodo‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (I‐2PACz) is employed to address these challenges in FAPbBr3‐based PSCs. The incorporation of I atoms into I‐2PACz not only releases tensile stress within FAPbBr3 perovskite, promoting oriented crystallization and minimizing defects through halogen‐halogen bond, but also optimizes the energy levels alignment at hole‐selective interface for enhanced hole extraction. Ultimately, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.14% is achieved, which stands among the highest reported value for FAPbBr3 PSCs. Furthermore, the semitransparent devices/modules exhibit impressive PCEs of 8.19% and 6.23% with average visible transmittance of 41.98% and 38.99%. Remarkably, after operating at maximum power point for 1000 h, the encapsulated device maintains 93% of its initial PCE. These results demonstrate an effective strategy for achieving high‐performance bromine‐based PSCs toward further applications.
Early impacts of cover crop selection on soil biological parameters during a transition to organic agriculture
Authors: Ellman‐Stortz Leah , Lewis Katie , Gentry Terry , DeLaune Paul , Pierson Elizabeth , Boogades Nicholas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough Texas is not widely known for organic production, it is responsible for most organic peanut production in the United States. When managed effectively, this can be a lucrative practice due to consumer demands. However, farmers pursuing organic management must undergo a 3‐year transition period to obtain United States Department of Agriculture certification, which is often associated with depressed yields. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of organic management and cover crop selection on biological indicators of soil health during the second year of transitioning to an organic cotton–peanut rotation in West Texas. We conducted a field study at two locations, and soil health indicators including in situ respiration, carbon mineralization, enzyme activities, and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were measured. The use of a cover crop resulted in generally greater biological activities compared to the fallow after only one cover crop rotation, representing early elevated biological activities under plots treated with a cover crop. However, cover crop species selection typically does not affect soil biological parameters. Cover crop use also did not contribute to yield losses when compared to a fallow treatment. When comparing organic management to conventional management, both sites experienced elevated PLFA counts under organic management. Importantly, results indicated that although reduced peanut yields could be expected under transitional organic management, this was not cover crop species‐specific, nor was it a guarantee. Given the economic risk of organic management for farmers, this study will benefit producers deciding whether to pursue organic production and cover cropping.