bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISTRIBUTION AND FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF OBLIQUEBANDED AND THREELINED LEAFROLLERS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN THE OKANAGAN AND SIMILKAMEEN VALLEYS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Madsen H. F. , Vakenti J. M. , Gaunce A. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe distribution and adult flight activity of obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and threelined leafroller, Pandemis limitata (Rob.) were studied in the Okanagan and Similkameen valleys of British Columbia using traps baited with the sex pheromone of each species. Adult activity began in early June and continued through September and the two species were distributed throughout the apple-growing region of the Okanagan and Similkameen valleys. In the northern Okanagan and in uncultivated areas at higher elevation, the trap captures indicated that both species are univoltine. In the southern Okanagan and the Similkameen Valley, large numbers of both species were captured throughout the season which may indicate more than one generation. Traps captured similar numbers of adults in orchards with known infestations and in orchards lacking infestations, suggesting that males are attracted to traps in orchards from native hosts in uncultivated sites.
ANTS PREYING ON PUPAE OF THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN EASTERN OREGON AND WESTERN MONTANA
Authors: Youngs Lorna C. , Campbell Robert W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn 1981 and 1982, the following ant species and numbers were detected preying on pupae of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, in eastern Oregon and western Montana: Formica obscuripes Forel, 174; Camponotus modoc Wheeler, 160; C. laevigatus Smith, 53; C. vicinus Mayr, 48; F. podzolica Francoeur, 43; F. accreta Francoeur, 32; F. neorufibarbis Emery, 12; F. lasioides Emery, 1; and Formica sp. (microgyna group). The Camponotus species and F. obscuripes were detected preying on budworm on one-third or more of the trees they foraged.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF TRISETACUS (PROSTIGMATA: ERIOPHYOIDEA) FROM PINACEAE IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of four new species of Trisetacus are described from southern British Columbia, Canada: T. neoabietis from foliage of Amabilis fir, T. neopiceae from foliage of Engelmann and Sitka spruce, T. uclueletensis from foliage of Sitka spruce, and T. columbiensis from buds and foliage of Douglas-fir.
TRECHUS QUADRISTRIATUS, A PALAEARCTIC SPECIES INTRODUCED INTO NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Bousquet Y. , Smetana A. , Maddison D. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTrechus quadristriatus (Schrank), a Palaearctic species, is reported for the first time from North America. The species is briefly described and compared with T. obtusus Erichson. The key to Trechus of Canada by Lindroth (1961: 192–194) is modified to include T. quadristriatus.
IDENTITY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CRAB SPIDERSXYSTICUS DURUSANDX. KEYSERLINGI(ARANEAE: THOMISIDAE)
Authors: Reeves R. Marcel , Hadam John J. , Redner James H. , Dondale Charles D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBoth sexes are described for the species pair of crab spiders,Xysticus durus(Soerensen) andX. keyserlingiBryant. A recent collection ofkeyserlingifrom the Alpine Garden, Mt. Washington, New Hampshire reveals that the male ofX. leechiTurnbullet al. has been misidentified as that ofdurus, the male ofdurushas been confused with that ofkeyserlingi, and the nameleechimust become a junior synonym of the namekeyserlingi.
LES TABANIDAE (DIPTERA) À LA LIMITE SEPTENTRIONALE DES FORÊTS (DOMAINE MARITIME DU NOUVEAU-QUÉBEC)
Authors: Maire Alain 
Published: December 2009

RésuméLa composition spécifique, l'abondance respective et la succession saisonnière des Tabanidae adultes sont analysées pour Poste-de-la-Baleine (55°17′ N; 77°45′ O) et le Golfe de Richmond (56°09′ N; 76°39′ O), deux régions de la toundra-forestière situées le long de la côte orientale de la mer d'Hudson. Un total de 14 espèces fut recensé à Poste-de-la Baleine (7 Chrysops et 7 Hybomitra) et de 8 espèces au Golfe (3 Chrysops et 7 Hybomitra). Six espèces sont holarctiques : C. nigripes, H. aequetincta, H. arpadi, H. astuta, H. lurida et H. frontalis. Les espèces les plus abondantes dans les pièges à Poste-de-la-Baleine (614 spécimens) sont : H. lurida (29.5%), C. furcatus (22%), C. excitans (18%), H. hearlei (11.9%) et H. frontalis (11%). Au Golfe, deux espèces dominent : H. frontalis (83.9%) et C. sordidus (12.2%). H. lurida est l'espèce la plus précoce; elle fut capturée en 1982 plusieurs semaines avant les autres espèces. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés aux rares études nord-américaines effectuées dans de telles régions.
FIVE NEARCTIC AND ONE INTRODUCED EUPHORINE SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) THAT PARASITIZE ADULTS OF CRUCIFER-INFESTING FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Wylie H. G. , Loan Conrad 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA key to females is presented for six euphorine species that parasitize adults of crucifer-infesting flea beetles. Five of the species,Townesilitus psylliodis(Loan),Microctonus punctulataesp. n.,M. pusillaeMuesebeck,M. vittataeMuesebeck, andM. zimmermannisp. n., are Nearctic in distribution; the sixth,T. bicolor(Wesm.), was recently introduced into Manitoba from Europe. The two new species are described, and biological information is presented forT. bicolor,T. psylliodis,M. punctulatae, andM. vittatae.
FLIGHT ACTIVITY AND DISPERSAL OF RANGE CATERPILLAR MOTHS, HEMILEUCA OLIVIAE (LEPIDOPTERA: SATURNIIDAE)
Authors: Bellows Tom S. , Owens John C. , Huddleston Ellis W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFlight of the range caterpillar occurred predominantly at dusk in the grasslands of eastern New Mexico in 1979 and 1980. The restricted period of flight in the evening corresponded to cool temperatures which probably favored mating success. Changes in atmospheric temperature and pressure had little effect on the number of moths flying from day to day. Most females oviposited within 10 m of the site of pupal eclosion.
EFFECTS OF FLEA BEETLES, PHYLLOTRETA SPP. (CHRYSOMELIDAE: COLEOPTERA), ON THE SURVIVAL, GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF CANOLA, RAPE AND YELLOW MUSTARD
Authors: Lamb Robert J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effects of damage by natural infestations of the flea beetles Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Phyllotreta striolata (F.) on field plots of canola, rape (Brassica napus L.), and yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) are described. Damage occurred primarily during the first few weeks after emergence: seedling mortality was high during the first week and growth was reduced during at least the first 2 weeks. This early damage delayed plant development, caused unevenness in height and maturity, and reduced seed yield and raised the chlorophyll content of the seed.Comparison among tests and treatments showed that a later-seeded test suffered less damage, and that carbofuran-treated plots were better protected than lindane-treated plots although the latter suffered slightly lower plant mortality. Yellow mustard showed a high level of resistance to flea beetle damage in comparison to rape and canola. Small differences in susceptibility were detected among three cultivars of B. napus.
OVIPOSITION SITE SELECTION IN TENEBRIO MOLITOR (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE)
Authors: Gerber G. H. , Sabourin D. U. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOviposition site selection by Tenebrio molitor L. was studied in cylindrical cages 10 cm in diameter × 28 cm in height using females up to 16 days old. Oviposition site selection is not a haphazard process. The adults are surface dwellers and the females normally enter the foodstuff to oviposit. The distance travelled into the foodstuff was age-related; the females went gradually deeper until the 9th day after eclosion. Physical and chemical factors (i.e. type and quality of foodstuff) and biological factors (i.e. adult density and presence of T. molitor eggs and larvae) were assessed when oviposition sites were selected by this insect. The females attempted to avoid poor quality food when selecting oviposition sites and usually laid fewer eggs and died sooner when poor quality food was present. As adult density increased, the females went deeper to oviposit. The females also went deeper to oviposit when eggs and larvae were present, but the effects of eggs and larvae were small and there seemed to be threshold densities as far as both factors were concerned. The behavioural significance of the data is discussed.
ABUNDANCE OF THE FIR ENGRAVER, SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS, AND THE DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PSEUDOTSUGAE, FOLLOWING TREE DEFOLIATION BY THE DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA
Authors: Wright L. C. , Berryman A. A. , Wickman B. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFir engraver and Douglas-fir beetle numbers were monitored during and after an outbreak of the Douglas-fir tussock moth. The population behavior of the two species of bark beetles was similar. Number of emerged offspring/female was highest during the years of defoliation and declined afterward. Total number of beetle attacks peaked 1 to 2 years after defoliation ended and then declined. During and 1 year after defoliation, beetles generally infested trees that had greater than 90% defoliation. After this time infestations were not as strongly associated with heavily defoliated trees. Life tables were constructed for beetles within trees and for beetles per area of forest land. Key mortality factors acting on beetles within trees occurred during the larval and pupal stages. Mortality during adult dispersal was a key factor when beetle density per area of land was considered. Although beetle offspring emerging per dm2 of bark surface was relatively low in defoliated trees, defoliation appeared to reduce host resistance which enabled beetles to successfully attack at lower densities, reducing intraspecific competition, and resulting in increased emergence of offspring/female parent.
LARVAE OF WATER MITES OF SOME GENERA OF ATURIDAE (PROSTIGMATA: HYGROBATOIDEA) IN NORTH AMERICA WITH COMMENTS ON PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE FAMILY
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of species representing 8 genera of the family Aturidae from North America are described, including members of the genera Ljania, Neobrachypoda, Estellacarus, and Aturus for the first time adequately. Larvae of species of Woolastookia, Brachypoda, Axonopsis, and Albia are also described to provide comparative data for these genera. A key to the genera of Aturidae, and preliminary diagnoses for the family, currently accepted subfamilies, and genera are provided based upon larval characters. Information on host associations is reviewed for each taxon. Observations on morphology and host associations of larvae provide the basis for a discussion of the phylogeny of these genera, and a review of the classification of the family.
IMMATURE STAGES OF CANADIAN NEOCHLAMISUS KARREN (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE
Authors: LeSage Laurent 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEggs, larvae, and pupae of eight species of Neochlamisus Karren larvae, including all Canadian species of the genus, are described, illustrated, and keys are provided for their separation. On the basis of differences in eggs, larval cases, coloration in adult stages, and in host plant, N. alni (Brown) is removed from synonymy and is considered a valid species distinct from N. bebbianae (Brown). Rearing techniques used in the present study are also described in detail.
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT AND FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE), IN CONNECTICUT
Authors: Maier Chris T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe spring emergence and seasonal abundance of the trivoltine spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), were monitored in a Connecticut apple orchard to provide phenological data for control programs. Spring emergence of each sex lasted 28 or 29 days in 1980 and 1981 although large emergences (≥5% of the total) occurred over a period of 12 to 18 days. When spring emergence was forecast in 1981 by using degree-day accumulations (above 5 °C) from the 1980 emergence, the predicted and actual 10 and 50% emergence time differed by 4 or 5 days. Even though daily catches of moths in pheromone traps preceded those in emergence traps, the abundance patterns indicated by these traps were similar. Low temperature and rain reduced emergence and flight activity. Seasonal abundance in pheromone traps showed three or four peaks, which usually decreased in size as the year progressed. From 1978 to 1981, the onset of male flight activity varied by as much as 3 wk. When emergence and pheromone traps are used together, they indicate the duration and peaks of emergence and flight activity.
ABUNDANCE AND PHENOLOGY OF PARASITOIDS OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE), IN CONNECTICUT
Authors: Maier Chris T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractParasitoids of the trivoltine spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), were studied in Connecticut apple orchards to determine their relative importance, emergence patterns, and seasonal abundance. Sixteen parasitoid species, including 12 eulophids, emerged from mines formed by 4th- and 5th-instar leafminer larvae. The species were primary, secondary, or facultative secondary parasitoids. Five were new records. The braconid Pholetesor ornigis (Weed) was the most abundant in the first and third leafminer generations, and the eulophid Sympiesis marylandensis Girault was the most abundant in the second generation. Ratios of parasitoids to Phyllonorycter spp. were generally higher in samples from unsprayed trees than in those from sprayed trees. Major parasitoids usually emerged 1 to 4 wk before their larval hosts became plentiful. Sweep samples indicated relatively high abundance of one or both major parasitoids during the first and second leafminer generations. Monitoring of parasitoids and the judicious use of insecticides may have a critical role in pest management programs utilizing native parasitoids of leafminers.
EFFECTS OF A SPLIT APPLICATION OF SEVIN-4-OIL® ON POLLINATORS AND FRUIT SET IN A SPRUCE–FIR FOREST
Authors: Hansen Richard W. , Osgood Eben A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCounts of four pollinating insect groups were taken in unsprayed forest localities and in areas sprayed with a split application of Sevin-4-oil® (carbaryl) for spruce budworm control. Results indicate a reduction of pollinator populations due to spraying.Fruit set, measured by fecundity ratios (fruits/flower), was determined for Cornus canadensis L., Maianthemum canadense Desf., Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf., and Viburnum cassinoides L. in sprayed and unsprayed areas. Fecundity values for C. canadensis and M. canadense were significantly lower in sprayed than in unsprayed areas. Fruit set of C. borealis was apparently unaffected by carbaryl spraying, but the seed/flower ratio was significantly reduced in the sprayed area. V. cassinoides fecundity values were unaffected by carbaryl application. Reductions in native bee populations probably had the greatest impact on fruit set.
NUTRITION OF THE ONION MAGGOT, DELIA ANTIQUA (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)
Authors: Blaine W. D. , McEwen F. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA holidic diet which allowed the onion maggot, Delia antiqua (Meigen), to undergo complete development to the adult reproductive stage was developed. The effects of various concentrations of choline and salts on development were investigated. The amount of choline which gave optimal development was approximately 1/50 that used in most other artificial diets. It was found that the complex salt mixture (Wesson salts) normally used could be replaced by a solution of salts containing specific trace element ions (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) and the two salts CaHPO4·H2O and KH2PO4.
A REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN OMALIINAE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE): THE GENERAARPEDIUMERICHSON ANDEUCNECOSUMREITTER
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe North American species of the generaArpediumErichson, andEucnecosumReitter are revised. Five species are recognized, the holarctic speciesE. brachypterum(Gravenhorst),E. tenue(LeConte) andE. brunnescens(J. Sahlberg), the transcontinental boreal speciesA. cribratumFauvel and the eastern United States speciesA. schwarziFauvel.Lectotypes are designated forE. brachypterum,A. cribratum,A. angulareFauvel (=A. cribratum), andA. schwarzi. The following new synonymy is established,Arpedium norvegicumvar.sallasiMunster andEucnecosum meybohmiLohse (=E. tenue) andArpedium angulareFauvel andA. columbienseHatch (=A. cribratum). All genera and species are described and illustrated with scanning electron photomicrographs and line drawings, four maps showing the North American distribution of each species are provided, and keys are presented to aid in the identification of all the species as well as the European speciesArpedium quadrum(Gravenhorst). All available records and biological data for the species are summarized.The use of the generic nameEucnecosumReitter is discussed and the transfer ofbrachypterum,tenue, andbrunnescensfromArpediumto this genus by Lohse is confirmed.
IDENTIFICATION AND FIELD TESTING OF PHEROMONE COMPONENTS OF CHORISTONEURA ORAE (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Gray T. G. , Slessor K. N. , Grant G. G. , Shepherd R. F. , Holsten E. H. , Tracey A. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe chemicals cis (Z) and trans (E)11-tetradecenyl acetate (11–14:Ac), trans 11-tetradecen-1-ol (E11–14:OH) and trans 11-tetradecenal (E11–14:Ald) were isolated from unmated female Choristoneura orae Freeman and shown to be highly attractive when used as lures in sticky traps. The identification of these components of the sex pheromone facilitates the separation of C. orae from other Pinaceae-feeding Choristoneura in the same area.
MEASURING THE COST-BENEFIT OF CONTROL MEASURES FOR BERTHA ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) INFESTATIONS IN RAPESEED
Authors: Bracken G. K. , Bucher G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractYield saved by insecticidal applications against the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, in commercial fields was measured by comparing yield in protected (unsprayed) plots of 74.4 m2 and in adjacent sprayed areas. Coefficients of variation of yield from sample units 2, 1, and 0.5 m2 ranged from 0.12 to 0.51; statistical precision was increased by taking twenty-five 0.5 m2 sample units per plot. Analysis of pod damage from selected plants predicted percentage yield loss equal to that determined by area sampling.The results showed that yield saved by control in commercial situations did not exceed 0.325 g/larva, a value that was determined in previous work by field cage trials. Using 1981 costs for spraying and rapeseed prices and a yield loss of 0.325 g/larva, the break-even point for cost-benefit occurs when larval density is 23/m2, a value double the currently recommended density of 10 to 12/m2. Many rapeseed growers therefore are controlling the bertha armyworm at net economic loss, a situation verified by an analysis of 42 separate control decisions made by growers in 1981.
EFFECTS OF SOME SEMIOCHEMICALS ON THE SEX PHEROMONE OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Steck W. F. , Bailey B. K. , Underhill E. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInclusion of traces of (Z)-11-hexadecenol in synthetic sex lure traps for bertha armyworm moths resulted in diminished trapping; substantial amounts of (Z)-9-hexadecenol or (Z)-11-hexadecenal were also suppressant. Of 22 other oxyolefins tested, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate acted in conjunction with the bertha lure components to attract Euagrotis tepperi (Walker) to traps, and (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate similarly to attract Lacinipolia vicina (Grote). No tested additive improved either the potency or the specificity of the original bertha blend.
INFLUENCE OF DATE OF OVIPOSITION ON EGG HATCHING AND EMBRYO SURVIVAL IN THE RED TURNIP BEETLE, ENTOMOSCELIS AMERICANA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Gerber G. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEmbryological development and hatching for the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, were studied at 20 °C. In eggs kept at this temperature for > 12 days, embryological development proceeded until a late stage embryo was formed, at which time the embryo entered diapause for the winter. The time required for 50% of the eggs to reach the late embryo stage was estimated to be 11 days. The late embryo stage was not reached before winter in eggs kept at 20 °C for < 11 days, but most of them survived and hatched. Embryogenesis proceeded normally after winter without any apparent adverse effects, and hatching was delayed by the amount of time required to complete embryogenesis. Although it was not essential for the eggs to reach the late embryo stage to overwinter successfully and hatch, a critical minimum stage of development had to be reached during embryogenesis for the eggs to survive. The critical minimum stage of development occurred in the germ band formation stage and was reached during the first 1.5 days of embryogenesis. Most of the eggs laid from 1 to 15 September 1980 and kept outdoors reached the late embryo stage before winter and hatched the next spring; those laid from 15 September to 15 October reached the critical minimum stage of development before winter and also hatched successfully; and those laid after 15 October did not hatch, because they apparently had not reached the critical minimum stage. An evaluation of the data for the eggs kept outdoors and of atmospheric air temperature data suggested that embryo death due to eggs not reaching the critical minimum stage of development before winter normally should not be an important factor in the population dynamics of E. americana in the rapeseed- and canola-growing areas of western Canada. The ecological significance of the data is discussed.
CHANGES IN RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF THE FLEA BEETLES PHYLLOTRETA STRIOLATA AND PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN SASKATCHEWAN PARKLAND WITH INCREASING DISTANCE FROM THE BOREAL FOREST
Authors: Burgess L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMean catches of Phyllotreta striolata (F.) in allyl isothiocyanate baited traps decreased southwards from the boreal forest and northern parkland to the central parkland of Saskatchewan, while the opposite was true for Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze). Similar trends in the relative numbers of the two species were evident in sweep net catches in canola crops.
NUMBER AND SIZE OF EGGS IN EGG MASSES OF THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Campbell Robert W. , Torgersen Torolf R. , Srivastava Nilima 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFoliage of Douglas-fir and grand fir bearing egg masses of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, was collected from sites in Oregon, Idaho, and Montana. Later, 4154 of these egg masses were examined in the laboratory. The average number of eggs per mass was 47.5 ± 10.65 (range 23–58). The number of eggs in a mass increased as defoliation of current foliage increased from none to moderate. The average number of eggs per linear millimeter of a single row ranged among sites from 1.24 ± 0.02 to 2.43 ± 0.21. The average number of eggs per linear millimeter of a row was highest (1.99) among the sites studied in Idaho, and lowest (1.58) among the sites studied in Oregon.