bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where Would You Turn for Help? Older Adults' Awareness of Community Support Services
Authors: Denton M. , Ploeg J. , Tindale J. , Hutchison B. , Brazil K. , Akhtar-Danesh N. , Quinlan M. , Lillie J. , Plenderleith J. Millen , Boos L. 
Published: May 2009

RÉSUMÉLes résultats précédents visant la sensibilisation des aînés aux services de soutien communautaires ne s'accordent pas et sont gâchés par l'acquiescence ou des allégations de partialité. Cela étant, la présente étude a utilisé une série de 12 scénarios pour décrire des situations courantes dans lesquelles se retrouvent les aînés pour qui des services de soutien communautaires seraient appropriés. Lors d'une entrevue téléphonique, nous avons lu à 1152 adultes âgés de 50 et plus une série de scénarios et nous leur avons demandé s'ils pouvaient indiquer un organisme communautaire vers lequel ils pourraient se tourner dans cette situation précise. Nous leur avons aussi interrogés sur leurs plus importantes sources de renseignements en matière de services de soutien communautaires. Les résultats indiquent que, si l'on a recours à une méthodologie par scénarios, la sensibilisation aux services de soutien communautaires était beaucoup plus faible qu'on ne l'avait d'abord pensé. Les plus importantes sources de renseignements sur les services de soutien communautaires comprenaient des sources de référence et des renseignements, l'annuaire téléphonique, les bureaux de médecins, et le bouche-à-oreille.
Les obligations de soutien aux personnes âgées : attentes normatives exprimées à l'égard des ex-conjoints et des beaux-enfants
Authors: Rousseau Nicolas , Lavoie Jean-Pierre , Guberman Nancy , Fournier Michel , Béland François , Grenier Lise 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThis study compares the normative expectations of 1315 Québécois survey-takers about the responsibilities of spouses and ex-spouses, on the one hand, and adult children and stepchildren, on the other hand, regarding the support they are to offer an elderly family member with incapacities. The comments of survey-takers in relation to fictional yet concrete scenario descriptions provided a basis with which to identify respondents' expectations along with the social factors surrounding these expectations. The results of this survey suggest that the nature and scale of support-related expectations vary according to the family tie with elderly relative. Expectations toward spouses are high and unmitigated, whereas expectations toward ex-spouses and adult stepchildren appear to be limited. Expectations toward adult children are more pronounced than those exhibited toward stepchildren. Where offspring are specifically concerned, expectations are strongly influenced by the given context; for this category of survey-taker, the demands of support should not interfere with their family life and career.
The Changing Well-Being of Older Adult Registered Indians: An Analysis Using the Registered Indian Human Development Index
Authors: Cooke Martin , Guimond Eric , McWhirter Jennifer 
Published: May 2009

RÉSUMÉLe vieillissement de la population des Indiens inscrits laisse croire que les conditions socioéconomiques et l'état de santé des aînés revêtiront une importance de plus en plus grande pour les collectivités et les responsables de l'élaboration des politiques. Nous avons adapté l'indice du développement humain du Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement à l'aide des données provenant du Recensement du Canada et du Registre des Indiens afin de voir si les améliorations observées au niveau des connaissances, du niveau de vie et de la santé de la population des Indiens inscrits entre 1981 et 2001 sont également observées au sein de la population des Indiens inscrits plus âgés. Nous constatons que les niveaux absolus de bien-être des Indiens inscrits plus âgés se sont améliorés, mais que les écarts avec les autres aînés canadiens se sont accentués, notamment en ce qui a trait au revenu et à l'espérance de vie des hommes.
Turbulence in human intracranial saccular aneurysms
Authors: Ferguson Gary G. 
Published: May 2009

✓ Preliminary experiments with glass model bifurcation aneurysms demonstrated that turbulent flow pattern occurs in the sac of an aneurysm at a low flow rate (critical Reynolds number, 400 ± 10 S.E.M.). A prediction that flow is turbulent in the sac of human intracranial saccular aneurysms was confirmed in a clinical study. Bruits, indicative of turbulence, were recorded with a phonocatheter from the sacs of 10 out of 17 intracranial aneurysms exposed at surgery where the mean arterial pressures were above 50 mm Hg. The amplitude of the bruits varied with the pressure. All of the patients in whom no bruit was found had profound Arfonad hypotension at the time of recording.
Turbulence causes vibration in the wall of a vessel. This vibration produces and accelerates degenerative changes in vascular tissue by a process similar to the structural fatigue of metals by vibration. The author proposes that the turbulent blood flow within an aneurysm contributes to the degeneration of the elastica, and the production of the atheromatous changes, characteristically seen in its wall. This weakens the wall causing continuing enlargement and eventual rupture.
Results of stimulation and destruction of the posterior hypothalamus in man
Authors: Sano Keiji , Mayanagi Yoshiaki , Sekino Hiroaki , Ogashiwa Motohide , Ishijima Buichi 
Published: May 2009

✓ Autonomic and somatomotor responses to electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus are reported in 51 patients with pathologically aggressive behavior. The stimulated area causing rise in blood pressure, tachycardia, and maximal pupillary dilatation lies in the posteromedial hypothalamus, more than 1 mm and less than 5 mm lateral to the lateral wall of the third ventricle, occupying a triangle formed by the midpoint of the intercommissural line, the rostral end of the aqueduct, and the anterior border of the mammillary body. Electrical stimulation of this (ergotropic) triangle resulted in desynchronization of the electroencephalogram (EEG) with hippocampal theta waves, or diffuse irregular delta waves of high voltage.
Cases with violent behavior showed higher plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the fasting stage; these were markedly elevated by electrical stimulation of the ergotropic triangle.
Points in the ergotropic triangle where signs of sympathetic discharge were most marked were electrocauterized bilaterally. This procedure produced marked calming effects (95% of the cases) during the follow-up period of more than 2 years. Postoperatively there was a tendency to a decrease in sympathicotonia or an increase in parasympathicotonia. The follow-up plasma level of NEFA was found to have decreased to approximately the normal value.
Morphological and immunochemical studies of rat glial tumors and clonal strains propagated in culture
Authors: Benda Philippe , Someda Kuniyuki , Messer Janette , Sweet William H. 
Published: May 2009

✓ Rat glial tumors, induced by weekly injections of N-nitrosomethylurea for 8 months, were plated and propagated in culture. Cells grew as a glial tumor when injected back into various sites in newborn rats, and were then carried for many generations by transplantations from rat to rat or by alternate culture and animal passage. Light, phase, and electron microscopy of the cultured cells showed great variability among the glial types in all the primary tumors, in the cultures grown from them, and in the secondary in vivo tumors grown from the cultures. Many unmistakable stigmata of glia were conserved. Cloned cultures (derived from a single cell) were frozen and stored, and upon thawing resumed growth with their original histological appearance. Tumor lines from these cultured cloned strains showed much more constant growth rates and cell types; two stable lines were carried for many generations: a slow-growing astrocytoma and a faster growing glioblastoma.
The distinctive neural protein called “S-100” was detected in soluble extracts of cultured cells from all five different primary tumors studied and the secondary tumors grown from them. It represented 0.2% to 0.4% of the soluble proteins extracted from the cultures, and was also present in some clonal strains and their derived tumors. One clonal strain after a few hundred generations continues to synthesize S-100. It is concluded that clonally derived cultures of gliomas histologically similar to those in man provide a stable and suitable model in rats for the study of human glia and gliomas.
Effects of profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest on cerebral oxygen metabolism and cerebrospinal fluid electrolyte composition in dogs
Authors: Bering Edgar A. 
Published: May 2009

✓ Cerebral oxygen metabolism was studied in the dog at brain temperatures ranging from 37° to 8°C. As brain temperature decreased, the cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) decreased following the Arrhenius equation. The natural logarithm of the CMRO2 was a linear function of the reciprocal of the absolute (K) brain temperature. Oxygen metabolism, although much decreased, continued at very low brain temperatures. The CSF composition was unchanged after 1 hour at brain temperatures down to 10°C. Circulatory arrest for tolerable periods and longer caused changes only in the CSF potassium concentration. The interval between the onset of circulatory arrest and the beginning of the CSF K concentration increased with decreasing temperature and the rate of CSF K increase was increasingly slower at lower temperatures. At all temperatures the rate of CSF K changed gradually increased with time.
The interval before the CSF K started to increase was dependent upon the amount of O2 available in the brain and the length of this interval was inversely proportional to the CMRO2. The amount of CSF K concentration was not clearly related to the tolerable periods of circulatory arrest, but at normal temperatures an obviously increased CSF K following a period of acute cerebral anoxia without CSF hemorrhage may indicate brain damage.
Central functional changes after facial-spinal-accessory anastomosis in man and facial-hypoglossal anastomosis in the cat
Authors: Vera Cristian L. , Lewin Marcial G. , Kase Juan C. , Calderon Mara D. T. 
Published: May 2009

✓ A left facial-spinal-accessory anastomosis was performed for peripheral facial paralysis in an 8-year-old boy. By the fourth postoperative year, the corneal reflex showed a normal latency, and left arm and face movements could be executed independently. The possibility of neural plasticity playing a role in establishing new central relationships which enable the achievement of a “normal” latency corneal reflex and independent face and arm movements is discussed.
The latency of the corneal reflex recorded as electrical response of the orbicularis oculi muscle to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral cornea was measured in normal cats and in cats which had undergone a facial-hypoglossal anastomosis 12 to 14 months previously. The latency of the reflex was 8 to 22 msec in normal animals and 200 to 300 msec in the operated cats, while conduction times in the regenerated hypoglossal nerve fibers were found to be within normal limits. This suggests that the long latency of the corneal reflex following the cross anastomosis is due to the time required for transmission across newly-formed connections between the trigeminal terminals and the hypoglossal neurons.
Ligation of the vertebral (unilateral or bilateral) or basilar artery in the treatment of large intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Drake Charles G. 
Published: May 2009

✓ The author reports the use of vertebral artery ligation, unilateral and bilateral, for the treatment of large vertebral-basilar aneurysms in 14 patients with one delayed death. Extracranial ligation was carried out unilaterally with a Selverstone clamp in three patients. In two, where the aneurysm filled only from one vertebral artery, there was extensive thrombosis within the sac and dramatic clinical improvement after decompression. Extracranial ligation was done bilaterally in three patients, temporarily in two. A 14-year-old boy is well after 5 years but the bilateral vertebrobasilar aneurysm did not undergo extensive thrombosis until both vertebral arteries were occluded at their intracranial entrance above collateral flow. In two others, the clamp had to be reopened on the second artery. In one patient, death from delayed thrombosis of a huge aneurysm and pontine infarction might have been prevented with anticoagulants. In the other, the aneurysm ruptured again fatally 18 months later.
Unilateral intracranial occlusion of a vertebral artery was done in eight cases, with no morbidity and complete or nearly complete thrombosis in all but one aneurysm. Seven patients had excellent or good results while one showed little recovery from an existing medullary syndrome.
Occlusion of the basilar artery was done in seven cases. In five it was used deliberately as the only treatment, but in two it was forced when an aneurysm burst during dissection. Only two of the patients in the first group and one of the second group have made complete recoveries.
The results of vertebral artery occlusion are encouraging and the technique deserves further consideration. Extensive collateral circulation enhances the safety of cervical vertebral artery occlusion but can be of a degree to make the occlusion ineffective. For intracranial occlusion knowledge of the size and distribution of each vertebral artery is essential. Occlusion of the basilar artery is dangerous, although it seems to be effective in producing extensive thrombosis in the aneurysm. It should probably be done under anesthesia only when the artery fills spontaneously from the carotid circulation. Otherwise, even when reasonable posterior communicating arteries are demonstrated, it is best to test occlusion under local anesthesia.
Microsurgical anatomy of the sellar region
Authors: Renn Wade H. , Rhoton Albert L. 
Published: May 2009

✓ Fifty adult sellae and surrounding structures were examined under magnification with special attention given to anatomical variants important to the transfrontal and transsphenoidal surgical approaches. The discovered variants considered disadvantageous to the transsphenoidal approach were as follows: 1) large anterior intercavernous sinuses extending anterior to the gland just posterior to the anterior sellar wall in 10%; 2) a thin diaphragm in 62%, or a diaphragm with a large opening in 56%; 3) carotid arteries exposed in the sphenoid sinus with no bone over them in 4%; 4) carotid arteries that approach within 4 mm of midline within the sella in 10%; 5) optic canals with bone defects exposing the optic nerves in the sphenoid sinus in 4%; 6) a thick sellar floor in 18%; 7) sphenoid sinuses with no major septum in 28% or a sinus with the major septum well off midline in 47%; and 8) a presellar type of sphenoid sinus with no obvious bulge of the sellar floor into the sphenoid sinus in 20%.
Variants considered disadvantageous to the transfrontal approach were found as follows: 1) a prefixed chiasm in 10% and a normal chiasm with 2 mm or less between the chiasm and tuberculum sellae in 14%; 2) an acute angle between the optic nerves as they entered the chiasm in 25%; 3) a prominent tuberculum sella protruding above a line connecting the optic nerves as they entered the optic canals in 44%; and 4) carotid arteries approaching within 4 mm of midline within or above the sella turcica in 12%.
Micro- and macrovascular changes as the direct cause of parenchymal destruction in congenital murine hydrocephalus
Authors: Wozniak Maciej , McLone David G. , Raimondi Anthony J. 
Published: May 2009

✓ Microangiotomography was used to identify the normal and pathological pattern of cerebral vessels in the hy-3 murine mutant mouse (normal and hydrocephalic) at various developmental stages from birth through 21 days of life. The technique employed allows resolution, in the range of 7 to 10 µ of the surface and in-traparenchymal (perforating) microvasculature. Ventricular enlargement causes displacement of primary cerebral arteries, followed by both stretching and a decrease in the caliber of primary, secondary, and tertiary vessels (arterial and venous). Ultimately, there is a reduction in the number and caliber of the microvasculature, resulting in diminished cerebral blood flow and cerebral edema. Tissue destruction leading to ependymal rupture, parenchymal cavitation, and the formation of porencephalic cysts within the edematous parenchyma ensues.
External ventricular drainage, by decompressing the ventricles, resulted in rapid restoration of the filling of the primary and secondary vessels, thereby suggesting the primary role of vascular changes in the production of brain damage. This study offers experimental evidence that early diversion of the cerebrospinal fluid interrupts this chain of events in congenital murine hydrocephalus.
Temporal-lobe seizures with additional foci treated by resection
Authors: Buren John M. Van , Marsan Cosimo Ajmone , Mutsuga Naomi 
Published: May 2009

✓ The authors describe the use of temporal lobectomy following careful and repeated electroencephalogram (EEG) evaluation (with implanted electrodes in otherwise unresolvable cases) in the epileptic group characterized by automatisms (psychomotor seizures) with temporal epileptiform activity complicated by EEG foci in the opposite temporal lobe or by extratemporal activity. They found that this can render a significant number of patients (between 25% and 50%) either seizure-free or with significant and useful reduction in their seizure frequency. The cure and improvement rates of cases followed up after temporal resection with or without prior study with implanted electrodes were approximately equal. However, the implanted electrodes permitted surgical treatment of certain cases which would have been rejected on the basis of evidence derived from the scalp recordings alone.
Of 28 of these 34 patients with persisting EEG epileptiform activity in the postoperative period, only one had such activity in a different location in a follow-up period of 6 years. No evidence of spreading epileptic activity or appearance of “mirror foci” was seen during a follow-up period averaging 8.2 years. Seizure remission up to 15 years with eventual recurrence of the original seizure type may occur following surgical therapy. Follow-up studies of surgical epileptic treatment of less than 3 to 5 years are of doubtful value.
Central cholinergic control of cerebral blood flow in the baboon
Authors: Aoyagi Minoru , Meyer John Stirling , Deshmukh Vinod D. , Ott Erwin O. , Tagashira Yukio , Kawamura Yasuo , Matsuda Masayuki , Achari Amrit N. , Chee Anthony N. C. 
Published: May 2009

✓ Cerebral autoregulation and vasomotor responsiveness to carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured quantitatively by the use of the autoregulation index and chemical index, respectively, in normal baboons before and after intravertebral and intracarotid infusion of the anticholinesterase agent, neostigmine methylsulfate (Prostigmin). Continuous measurements were made of cerebral blood flow (measured as bilateral internal jugular venous outflow), arterial and cerebral venous pO2 and pCO2, cerebral arteriovenous oxygen differences, and endotracheal CO2.
The effect of intravertebral infusion of neostigmine (12.5 µg/kg body weight) was compared to intracarotid infusion of neostigmine (25 µg/kg body weight) for assessment of any specific action of the drug on a hypothetical cholinergic vasomotor center, presumed to be located in the territory of the vertebrobasilar supply. No significant or persistent changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) followed either intravertebral or intracarotid infusion of neostigmine. Cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), however, decreased significantly after intravertebral infusion. Cerebral autoregulatory vasoconstriction during increases of CPP was significantly reduced following both intravertebral and intracarotid infusion. Cerebral autoregulatory vasodilatation was not altered as CPP was lowered. Cerebral vasodilatory reactivity to CO2 inhalation was significantly enhanced following intravertebral neostigmine but not following intracarotid neostigmine. Cerebral vasoconstrictive response to hyperventilation was not influenced by neostigmine. These results support the view that central cholinergic cerebrovascular influences exist, and are vasodilatory in nature.
Thrombus formation and endothelial alterations in microarterial anastomoses
Authors: Rosenbaum Thomas J. , Sundt Thoralf M. 
Published: May 2009

✓ The sequential hematological and endothelial responses in the postoperative period after end-to-side arterial anastomosis in 1- to 1.3-mm vessels were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Two minutes after restoration of flow, an amorphous coating covered the vessel lumen around the suture line, and oozing of blood from the suture line ceased. Within 15 minutes, a partially occluding thrombus was present, which was maximal at the anastomotic bifurcation point. The thrombus underwent partial lysis or embolization within 30 minutes, and gross intraluminal thrombi did not recur. The initial thrombi that formed within 2 minutes were composed of platelets and erythrocytes in a loose reticular fibrin network, but the intraluminal thrombi present at the branch point 15 minutes after flow restoration appeared to be composed solely of platelets. Thrombi that did not undergo complete dissolution had a loss of distinct cellular elements at later time intervals. The fibrin-platelet matrix coating the lumen remained unchanged during the initial 24 hours. When examined at 9 days, normal endothelium was present throughout the vessel with the exception of the suture line, which remained covered by a smooth coagulum. This sequence of events suggests that if surgical manipulation is to result in complete occlusion of the anastomosis, it will likely occur in the initial 30 minutes after resumption of blood flow.
Anticoagulant regimens were evaluated. Pretreatment with aspirin and intraoperative heparin irrigation of the vessel lumen were not beneficial in altering the quantity of thrombus. All systemic heparin regimes tested resulted in a quantitative decrease of thrombotic material. Five minutes of intravenous heparin therapy after resumption of blood flow was as effective as long-term heparin in decreasing the transient intraluminal thrombotic response.
Cerebrospinal fluid GABA reductions in seizure patients evoked by cerebellar surface stimulation
Authors: Wood James H. , Glaeser Bruce S. , Hare Theodore A. , Sode Jonas , Brooks Benjamin R. , Van Buren John M. 
Published: May 2009

✓ Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels determined by fluorometric assay in four seizure patients were found to be significantly lower during bilateral, continuous cerebellar stimulation than those determined after a 7-day period without stimulation. The CSF GABA concentrations during chronic unilateral, alternating cerebellar stimulation were reduced in three seizure patients but unchanged in a fourth patient. The percentage decrease in CSF GABA appeared to be independent of cerebellar stimulation frequency. These findings suggest that GABA-mediated neuronal transmission is depressed during cerebellar surface stimulation and this evoked reduction in GABA activity may compromise the efficacy of cerebellar stimulation in the treatment of epilepsy.
Lumbar CSF cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels determined by radio-immunoassay were not significantly altered by either mode or frequency of cerebellar stimulation.