bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival, Function, and Cognition After Hospitalization in Long-Term Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Jain Snigdha , Gan Siqi , Nguyen Oanh K. , Sudore Rebecca L. , Steinman Michael A. , Covinsky Kenneth , Makam Anil N. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceMore than 70 000 Medicare beneficiaries receive care in long-term acute care hospitals (LTCHs) annually for prolonged acute illness. However, little is known about long-term functional and cognitive outcomes of middle-aged and older adults after hospitalization in an LTCH.ObjectiveTo describe survival, functional, and cognitive status after LTCH hospitalization and to identify factors associated with an adverse outcome.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included middle-aged and older adults enrolled in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) with linked fee-for-service Medicare claims. Included participants were aged 50 years or older with an LTCH admission between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2016, with HRS interviews available before admission. Data were analyzed between November 1, 2021, and June 30, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFunction and cognition were ascertained from HRS interviews conducted every 2 years. The primary outcome was death or severe impairment in the 2.5 years after LTCH hospitalization, defined as dependencies in 2 or more activities of daily living (ADLs) or dementia. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate associations with a priori selected risk factors including pre-LTCH survival prognosis (Lee index score), pre-LTCH impairment status, and illness severity characterized by receipt of mechanical ventilation and prolonged intensive care unit stay of 3 days or longer.ResultsThis study included 396 participants, with a median age of 75 (IQR, 68-82) years. Of the participants, 201 (51%) were women, 125 (28%) had severe impairment, and 318 (80%) died or survived with severe impairment (functional, cognitive, or both) within 2.5 years of LTCH hospitalization. After accounting for acute illness characteristics, prehospitalization survival prognosis as determined by the Lee index score and severe baseline impairment (functional, cognitive, or both) were associated with an increased likelihood of death or severe impairment in the 2.5 years after LTCH hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.2 [95% CI, 1.7 to 6.0] for a 5-point increase in Lee index score; and AOR, 4.5 [95% CI, 1.3 to 15.4] for severe vs no impairment).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, 4 of 5 middle-aged and older adults died or survived with severe impairment within 2.5 years of LTCH hospitalization. Better preadmission survival prognosis and functional and cognitive status were associated with lower risk of an adverse outcome, and these findings should inform decision-making for older adults with prolonged acute illness.
Dosimetric comparison of HyperArc and InCise MLC‐based CyberKnife plans in treating single and multiple brain metastases
Authors: Zhu Liying , Dong Shengnan , Sun Lei , Xiao Yixuan , Zhong Yihua , Pan Mingyuan , Wang Yang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study aimed to compare the dosimetric attributes of two multi‐leaf collimator based techniques, HyperArc and Incise CyberKnife, in the treatment of brain metastases.Material and methods17 cases of brain metastases were selected including 6 patients of single lesion and 11 patients of multiple lesions. Treatment plans of HyperArc and CyberKnife were designed in Eclipse 15.5 and Precision 1.0, respectively, and transferred to Velocity 3.2 for comparison.ResultsHyperArc plans provided superior Conformity Index (0.91 ± 0.06 vs. 0.77 ± 0.07, p < 0.01) with reduced dose distribution in organs at risk (Dmax, p < 0.05) and lower normal tissue exposure (V4Gy–V20Gy, p < 0.05) in contrast to CyberKnife plans, although the Gradient Indexes were similar. CyberKnife plans showed higher Homogeneity Index (1.54 ± 0.17 vs. 1.39 ± 0.09, p < 0.05) and increased D2% and D50% in the target (p < 0.05). Additionally, HyperArc plans had significantly fewer Monitor Units (MUs) and beam‐on time (p < 0.01).ConclusionHyperArc plans demonstrated superior performance compared with MLC‐based CyberKnife plans in terms of conformity and the sparing of critical organs and normal tissues, although no significant difference in GI outcomes was noted. Conversely, CyberKnife plans achieved a higher target dose and HI. The study suggests that HyperArc is more efficient and particularly suitable for treating larger lesions in brain metastases.
A Fully Self‐Healing Patch of Integrated Bio‐Signal Monitoring Sensors with Self‐Healing Microporous Foam and Au Nanosheet Electrodes
Authors: Park Mihyeon , Yang Wonseok , Kim Jung Wook , Choi Yeonji , Kim Somin , Lee Yonghui , Kim Dong Sik , Kim Jiyoon , Lim Dong‐Kwon , Ha Jeong Sook 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA fully self‐healing sensor patch consisting of an in‐plane integrated dual‐mode sensor and a pressure sensor with a vertically integrated electrocardiogram (ECG) electrode is reported. For a full‐device self‐healing, interlayer self‐bonding by using self‐healing oxime‐carbamate bond‐based polyurethane and room temperature self‐healing TUEG3 capped Au nanosheet (T‐Au NS) electrodes are devised. Via the use of a self‐healing sensor foam prepared by a coating of a self‐healing composite of polyurethane and polyaniline onto a microporous graphene foam, a self‐healing dual‐mode sensor is fabricated to detect the pressure and temperature simultaneously without interference. Furthermore, the interdigitated self‐healing electrode of T‐Au NS is applied to the pressure sensor to enhance the sensitivity up to 208.62 kPa−1 (<1 kPa), enabling the detection of small pulse signals even after multiple self‐healing events. By using the common self‐healing T‐Au NS electrode vertically integrated onto the sensor patch, ECG signals are also detected. With this sensor patch, skin temperature, wrist pulse, and ECG signals are successfully detected after a simultaneous full‐device self‐healing from complete bisection. This study demonstrates the facile fabrication of a high‐performance, fully self‐healing patch of multi‐sensors via the deliberate selection of sensor design and the associated functional materials, confirming its high potential applicability to highly durable health monitoring systems.
Probing the Thermal and Electrical Properties of Ultrawide Bandgap Nitrogen‐Polar AlGaN Heterostructures
Authors: Noshin Maliha , Kwon Heungdong , Khan Asir Intisar , Alaei Sauviz P. , Meng Chuanzhe , Asheghi Mehdi , Suzuki Yuri , Salahuddin Sayeef , Goodson Kenneth , Chowdhury Srabanti 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUltra‐wide bandgap semiconductor AlGaN is a promising candidate for high‐power and high‐frequency electronics. AlGaN‐heterostructures with nitrogen (N)‐polarity can offer added benefits of low‐leakage and large drive current. However, electro‐thermal transport in such heterostructures remains unexplored, although they are essential for electronic device functionality. Here, the thermal and electrical properties of N‐polar AlxGa1‐xN‐channel heterostructures (Al percentage, x = 15–90%) are explored and compared with their GaN counterpart. The thermal measurements uncover that the effective thermal resistance of the thin channel and barrier layers are similar in magnitudes for N‐polar‐ AlGaN and GaN heterostructures, however, the total effective thermal conductivity in N‐polar AlGaN heterostructure is ≈4× smaller. This reduction originates from the larger thermal resistance of the thick Al0.15Ga0.85N buffer layer within the AlGaN stack. N‐polar AlxGa1‐xN stack displays a thermal conductivity almost independent of temperature, measured from room temperature up to 200 °C. Hall measurements of an N‐polar Al0.30Ga0.70N‐channel heterostructure further reveal that electrical properties such as resistivity, carrier density, and mobility remain nearly unchanged with temperature, indicating the dominance of alloy‐phonon scattering in such material systems. These results offer important insights into material‐device co‐design and reliability of N‐polar AlGaN heterostructures.
Spectroscopic Investigations of Complex Electronic Interactions by Elemental Doping and Material Compositing of Cobalt Oxide for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity
Authors: Huang Jinzhen , Clark Adam H. , Hales Natasha , Borca Camelia Nicoleta , Huthwelker Thomas , Skoupy Radim , Schmidt Thomas J. , Fabbri Emiliana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDoping and compositing are two universal design strategies used to engineer the electronic state of a material and mitigate its disadvantages. These two strategies are extensively applied to design efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting. Using cobalt oxide (CoO) as a model catalyst, it is proven that the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance can be progressively improved, first by Fe‐doping to form Fe‐CoO solid solution, and further by the addition of CeO2 to produce a Fe‐CoO/CeO2 composite. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveals that distinct electronic interactions are induced by the processes of doping and compositing. Fe‐doping of CoO can break down the structural symmetry, changing the electronic structure of both Co and O species at the surface and decreasing the flat‐band potential (Vfb). In comparison, subsequent compositing of Fe‐CoO with CeO2 induces negligible electronic changes in the Fe‐CoO (as seen in ex situ characterizations), but significantly modifies the oxidative transformations of both Co and Fe under OER conditions. The spectroscopic investigations reveal that Fe‐doping and CeO2 compositing play different roles in modifying the electronic properties of CoO in its pristine state and during OER catalysis, in return, providing useful guidance for the design of more efficient electrocatalysts using these two strategies.
Surface Electron Reconstruction of Catalyst Through Alloying Strategy for Accelerating Sulfur Conversion in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zuo Yinze , Jiao Xuechao , Huang Zheng , Lei Jie , Liu Mingquan , Dong Li , Yan Wei , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlloy catalyst is considered to be an important strategy to solve the shuttle effect and sluggish kinetics of lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs). However, the effect of the electronic structure of the alloy catalyst on the sulfur conversion process has not been effectively analyzed. In this paper, based on alloying strategy, the electronic structure of such a FeCoNi catalyst is regulated and optimized, and the sulfur adsorption configuration and catalytic conversion process are defined. The in situ Raman spectroscopy and the density functional theory (DFT) are employed to deeply understand the catalytic mechanism of such a sulfur conversion. A cell with FeCoNi modified separator delivers an ultra‐low capacity attenuation of 0.056% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 3 C. The outstanding anti‐self‐discharge performance of 8.1% over 7 days is also achieved. Furthermore, the obtained cell with a high sulfur loading of 9.7 mg cm−2 and lean electrolyte of 5.6 µL mgs−1 exhibits 81% capacity retention after 100 cycles, providing a research prospect for the practical application of lithium‐sulfur batteries.
High Selenium Loading in Vertically Aligned Porous Carbon Framework with Visualized Fast Kinetics for Enhanced Lithium/Sodium Storage
Authors: Wang Mingyue , Hu Yubing , Luo Langli , Zheng Cheng , Gu Qinfen , Dou Shixue , Wang Nana , Bai Zhongchao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLithium/sodium–selenium (Li/Na–Se) batteries with high volumetric specific capacity are considered promising as next‐generation battery technologies. However, their practical application is hindered by challenges such as low Se loading in cathodes and the polyselenides shuttle effect. To address these challenges, a new Se host is introduced in the form of a free‐standing N, O co‐doped vertically aligned porous carbon framework decorated with a carbon nanotube forest (VCF‐CNTs), allowing for high mass loading of up to 16 mg cm−2. The low‐tortuosity Se@VCF‐CNTs architecture facilitates rapid lithiation/sodiation kinetics, while the CNT forests in vertical microchannels enhance efficient Se loading and serve as a multi‐layer fence to prevent undesired polyselenide shuttling. Consequently, the Se@VCF‐CNTs cathode displays a significant areal capacity of 10.3 mAh cm−2 at 0.1 C with a Se loading of 16 mg cm−2 for Li–Se batteries, exceeding that of commercial lithium ion batteries (4.0 mAh cm−2). In Na–Se batteries, the Se@VCF‐CNTs electrode with a Se loading of 5 mg cm−2 exhibits a discharge capacity of 436 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles, proving its consistent cycling performance. This study enriches the field of knowledge concerning high‐loading Se‐based battery systems, offering a promising avenue for enhancing energy density in the field.
Co‐Catalytic Metal‐Support Interactions Design on Single‐Atom Alloy for Boosted Electro‐Reduction of Nitrate to Nitrogen
Authors: Wu Ziyang , Kang Xuxin , Wang Sen , Song Yanhui , Xie Fengting , Duan Xiangmei , Yang Jianping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe past decades have seen considerable imbalances in the nitrogen cycle due to the excessive use of nitrate in agriculture and industry. Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (NO3RR) to nitrogen (N2) holds significant potential for addressing nitrate pollution in wastewater but suffers from nitrite formation and the sluggish hydrogeneration process. Here a single atom alloy (SAA) catalyst featuring atomically dispersed Ru on 2D Ni metal (Ru1Ni), proving remarkable nitrate reduction performance (NO3−–N conversion (≈93%) and N2 selectivity (≈99%)) through the co‐catalytic metal‐support interactions (CMSI) effect is reported. Significantly, the Ru1Ni SAA achieves NO3RR removal capacity as high as 11.1 mg L−1 h−1 cm−2 with 20 cycles stability (9 h per cycle), surpassing most previously reported works. The core of the boosting lies in the synergistically promoted nitrate activation and accelerated hydrogenation of nitrogen oxide intermediates on the Ru site and Ni substrate, respectively, revealed by various in situ experiments and theoretical simulations. DFT calculations indicate electron transfer from substrate Ni to Ru and more robust interaction between NO3− and Ru–Ni in comparison to that of Ni–Ni. This work offers a resilient methodology for the rational design of highly efficient electrocatalysts with CMSI modulation for NO3RR, illuminating the arena of wastewater treatment and the nitrogen cycle.
Engineering a Hydrazone and Triazole Crosslinked Hydrogel for Extrusion‐Based Printing and Cell Delivery
Authors: Jaeschke Matthew W. , Borelli Alexandra N. , Skillin Nathaniel P. , White Timothy J. , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCovalent adaptable crosslinks, such as the alkyl‐hydrazone, endow hydrogels with unique viscoelastic properties applicable to cell delivery and bioink systems. However, the alkyl‐hydrazone crosslink lacks stability in biologically relevant environments. Furthermore, when formed with biopolymers such as hyaluronic acid (HA), low molecular weight polymers (<60 kDa), or low polymer content (<2 wt%) hydrogels are typically employed as entanglements reduce injectability. Here, a high molecular weight (>60 kDa) HA alkyl‐hydrazone crosslinked hydrogel is modified with benzaldehyde‐poly(ethylene glycol)3‐azide to incorporate azide functional groups. By reacting azide‐modified HA with a multi‐arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) functionalized with bicyclononyne, stabilizing triazole bonds are formed through strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC). Increasing the fraction of triazole bonds within the hydrogel network from 0% to 12% SPAAC substantially increases stability. The slow gelation kinetics of the SPAAC reaction in the 12% SPAAC hydrogel enables transient self‐healing properties and a similar extrusion force as the 0% SPAAC hydrogel. Methyl‐PEG4‐hydrazide is then introduced to further slowdown network evolution, which temporarily lowers the extrusion force, improves printability, and increases post‐extrusion mesenchymal stem cell viability and function in the 12% SPAAC hydrogel. This work demonstrates improved stability and temporal injectability of high molecular weight HA‐PEG hydrogels for extrusion‐based printing and cell delivery.
Develop Targeted Protein Drug Carriers through a High‐Throughput Screening Platform and Rational Design
Authors: Li Xiaodan , Zuo Yanming , Lin Xurong , Guo Binjie , Jiang Haohan , Guan Naiyu , Zheng Hanyu , Huang Yan , Gu Xiaosong , Yu Bin , Wang Xuhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProtein‐based drugs offer advantages, such as high specificity, low toxicity, and minimal side effects compared to small molecule drugs. However, delivery of proteins to target tissues or cells remains challenging due to the instability, diverse structures, charges, and molecular weights of proteins. Polymers have emerged as a leading choice for designing effective protein delivery systems, but identifying a suitable polymer for a given protein is complicated by the complexity of both proteins and polymers. To address this challenge, a fluorescence‐based high‐throughput screening platform called ProMatch to efficiently collect data on protein–polymer interactions, followed by in vivo and in vitro experiments with rational design is developed. Using this approach to streamline polymer selection for targeted protein delivery, candidate polymers from commercially available options are identified and a polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)‐based system for delivering proteins to white adipose tissue as a treatment for obesity is developed. A branched polyethylenimine (bPEI)‐based system for neuron‐specific protein delivery to stimulate optic nerve regeneration is also developed. The high‐throughput screening methodology expedites identification of promising polymer candidates for tissue‐specific protein delivery systems, thereby providing a platform to develop innovative protein‐based therapeutics.
Ultrasmall Polyphenol‐NAD+ Nanoparticle‐Mediated Renal Delivery for Mitochondrial Repair and Anti‐Inflammatory Treatment of AKI‐to‐CKD Progression
Authors: Kong Ying , Chen Xu , Liu Feng , Tang Jiageng , Zhang Yijing , Zhang Xiangxiang , Zhang Luyao , Zhang Tong , Wang Yaqi , Su Mengxiao , Zhang Qixin , Chen Hanxiang , Zhou Di , Yi Fan , Liu Hong , Fu Yi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a central metabolic molecule, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) can potentially treat acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, its bioavailability is poor due to short half‐life, instability, the deficiency of targeting, and difficulties in transmembrane transport. Here a physiologically adaptive gallic acid‐NAD+ nanoparticle is designed, which has ultrasmall size and pH‐responsiveness, passes through the glomerular filtration membrane to reach injured renal tubules, and efficiently delivers NAD+ into the kidneys. With an effective accumulation in the kidneys, it restores renal function, immune microenvironment homeostasis, and mitochondrial homeostasis of AKI mice via the NAD+‐Sirtuin‐1 axis, and exerts strong antifibrotic effects on the AKI‐to‐CKD transition by inhibiting TGF‐β signaling. It also exhibits excellent stability, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties, ensuring its long‐term safety, practicality, and clinical translational feasibility. The present study shows a potential modality of mitochondrial repair and immunomodulation through nanoagents for the efficient and safe treatment of AKI and CKD.
An Ultra‐Conductive and Patternable 40 nm‐Thick Polymer Film for Reliable Emotion Recognition
Authors: Du Xiaojia , Wang Hai , Wang Yunfei , Cao Zhiqiang , Yang Leyi , Shi Xiaohu , Zhang Xiaoxu , He Chengzhi , Gu Xiaodan , Liu Nan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding psychology is an important task in modern society which helps predict human behavior and provide feedback accordingly. Monitoring of weak psychological and emotional changes requires bioelectronic devices to be stretchable and compliant for unobtrusive and high‐fidelity signal acquisition. Thin conductive polymer film is regarded as an ideal interface; however, it is very challenging to simultaneously balance mechanical robustness and opto‐electrical property. Here, a 40 nm‐thick film based on photolithographic double‐network conductive polymer mediated by graphene layer is reported, which concurrently enables stretchability, conductivity, and conformability. Photolithographic polymer and graphene endow the film photopatternability, enhance stress dissipation capability, as well as improve opto‐electrical conductivity (4458 S cm−1@>90% transparency) through molecular rearrangement by π–π interaction, electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen bonding. The film is further applied onto corrugated facial skin, the subtle electromyogram is monitored, and machine learning algorithm is performed to understand complex emotions, indicating the outstanding ability for stretchable and compliant bioelectronics.
Silver Recovery from Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Cells Using Continuous Stirred‐Tank Reactors
Authors: Song Shuang , Zhuo Yuting , Li Qiyuan , Shen Yansong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSilver can be recycled from the end‐of‐life crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV), yet the recycling and its technology scale‐up are still at an early stage especially in continuously operations e.g., continoursely stirred tank reactors (CSTR). Here, the silver recovery from the solar cells is technically understood and optimized in the CSTR system from the point of view of silver recovery efficiency, through integrating experimental and numerical investigations. Specifically, based on the experiments, a kinetics model is developed and scanning electron microscopy surface morphology is characterized; and a computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method (CFD–DEM) particle‐scale model is integrated with the kinetics model and validated against the fluid‐flow pattern and silver leaching performance results from lab measurements. The validated CFD–DEM model is then applied to understand the particle‐scale behavior of silver leaching in the CSTR system in terms of hydrodynamics and AgNO3 distribution under different impeller speeds. The simulation results show that the silver leaching performance is improved in an improved CSTR design with a lower impeller position and doubled impeller layers. This work reveals the effectiveness and underlying hydrodynamics of silver leaching in CSTR systems and lays a foundation for improving silver recovery in PV recycling.
In Vivo Polymer Mechanochemistry with Polynucleotides
Authors: Ishaqat Aman , Hahmann Johannes , Lin Cheng , Zhang Xiaofeng , He Chuanjiang , Rath Wolfgang H. , Habib Pardes , Sahnoun Sabri E. M. , Rahimi Khosrow , Vinokur Rostislav , Mottaghy Felix M. , Göstl Robert , Bartneck Matthias , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolymer mechanochemistry utilizes mechanical force to activate latent functionalities in macromolecules and widely relies on ultrasonication techniques. Fundamental constraints of frequency and power intensity have prohibited the application of the polymer mechanochemistry principles in a biomedical context up to now, although medical ultrasound is a clinically established modality. Here, a universal polynucleotide framework is presented that allows the binding and release of therapeutic oligonucleotides, both DNA‐ and RNA‐based, as cargo by biocompatible medical imaging ultrasound. It is shown that the high molar mass, colloidal assembly, and a distinct mechanochemical mechanism enable the force‐induced release of cargo and subsequent activation of biological function in vitro and in vivo. Thereby, this work introduces a platform for the exploration of biological questions and therapeutics development steered by mechanical force.