bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with intracranial findings and enhancing, thickened cranial and spinal nerves
Authors: Kale HA , Sklar E 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by chronically progressive or relapsing symmetric sensorimotor involvement. We describe the imaging findings in our patient. Magnetic resonance imaging showed presence of an intracranial white matter lesion and enhancing, thickened cranial and spinal nerves. This disorder has been described very infrequently in the radiology literature.
Bag of worms
Authors: McGuinness B , Soh MC , Kumar S , Donald J 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA Pacific Island male with previously diagnosed but untreated filariasis with episodic chyluria presented to us with spiking temperatures. A CT scan of his abdomen revealed innumerable serpiginous non‐enhancing structures within the posterior mediastinum from the carina, throughout the retroperitoneum and pelvis and into the upper inguinal regions. This abnormality involved the hilar regions of both kidneys. The temperatures eventually settled after treatment with doxycycline for filiriasis.
Hamartoma of the breast
Authors: Murat A , Ozdemir H , Yildirim H , Poyraz AK , Ozercan R 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYBreast hamartoma is a rare benign tumour that leads to unilateral breast enlargement without a palpable localized mass lesion. Histologically, a hamartoma consists of varying amounts of adipose, gland, fibre and smooth muscle tissue. The characteristic mammographic appearance of hamartoma of breast has distinct mammographic features with circumscription and fat and soft‐tissue density surrounded by a thin radiopaque capsule or pseudocapsule. Ultrasonographic findings include a well‐defined mass lesion consisting of echogenic and sonolucent areas. We present histopathological and radiological findings of a 42‐year‐old female patient with breast hamartoma who has no complaint.
Herniation of the gall bladder through the abdominal wall
Authors: Pijpers M , Hazebroek EJ , Coene PPLO , Beerman H , Vroegindeweij D 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYWe present a case of an 81‐year‐old woman, without medical history, with a swelling in the right lateral abdominal wall. Ultrasound and multislice CT were sufficient to confirm the diagnosis of a herniated gall bladder through the abdominal wall. This is the first case in which MRI proved to be a useful modality to exclude malignant characteristics and revealed an accurate differentiation between the gall bladder and the different layers of the abdominal wall. The gall bladder, including three stones, was removed laparoscopically. Histopathological research revealed signs of a chronic cholecystitis. Herniation of the gall bladder through the abdominal wall is rare. It was previously described in a few cases, but they were associated with the presence of an incisional hernia or carcinoma infiltration.
Strangulated stomach within a paraoesophageal hernia: A rare complication of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication
Authors: Robertson J , Avjioglu E 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA strangulated stomach within a paraoesophageal hernia is a rare complication following laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. A case is presented together with a review of the clinical presentation, mechanism and diagnostic difficulties of this entity.
Typical magnetic resonance features of a haemangioblastoma, an uncommon nerve root lesion: Case report and literature review
Authors: Sawyer B , Heng R , Ferris N 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYHaemangioblastomas are uncommon tumours of the central nervous system. Nerve root haemangioblastomas with both intradural and extradural components are extremely rare. We present a case of a C2 nerve root haemangioblastoma in a 64‐year‐old man where the preoperative diagnosis was a spinal meningioma. An unexpectedly vascular tumour was found at initial procedure. Urgent catheter angiography was performed and the tumour was embolized prior to complete excision at a subsequent procedure.
Diffuse cavernous haemangioma of colon: Magnetic resonance imaging features. Report of two cases
Authors: Kandpal H , Sharma R , Srivastava DN , Sahni P , Vashisht S 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYLarge bowel haemangiomas are rare but can cause significant morbidity. The clinical features are non‐specific, and misdiagnosis is very common. Non‐invasive imaging is very useful in the diagnosis and management of this condition. Magnetic resonance imaging surpasses all other imaging modalities, as it is most specific and depicts the extent of the lesion accurately. Two cases of cavernous haemangioma of the rectum are presented highlighting the MRI features.
Multi‐cystic (rete testis) supernumerary testis in polyorchidism with underlying microlithiasis: Ultrasound features
Authors: Rajbabu K , Morel JC , Thompson PM , Sidhu PS 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYPolyorchidism is a rare congenital anomaly, readily diagnosed on ultrasound. Testicular microlithiasis is a condition increasingly recognized and with a possible association with primary testicular malignancy. Rete testis has a variable appearance and is an unusual finding in the young patient. We describe the ultrasound appearances of the combination of polyorchidism, rete testis and microlithiasis, a combination that has not been previously reported.
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome: Non‐invasive diagnosis by MDCT and MRI
Authors: Utsunomiya D , Sawamura T 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYWe present a case of a 19‐year‐old male patient complaining of right leg pain, which appeared after exercise and abated with rest. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed occlusion of right popliteal artery. Volume rendering CT image showed not only occlusion of right popliteal artery but also abnormal course of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle (MHG). CT and MR images of right popliteal fossa showed the abnormal anatomy that MHG coursed between popliteal artery with thrombus and popliteal vein. Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome was diagnosed non‐invasively by multidetector CT and MRI. Sectional radiological and three‐dimensional images are useful for not only depiction of the arterial changes but also identification of the abnormal anatomic structures responsible for the entrapment.
Intramural haematoma of the oesophagus presenting as an unusual complication of endotracheal intubation
Authors: Wang AY , Riordan RD , Yang N , Hiew C‐y 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYIntramural haematoma of the oesophagus is an uncommon and under‐recognized condition. It may mimic other causes of chest pain, haematemesis, or dysphagia, and hence pose a diagnostic challenge. We report a case of an unusual presentation of intramural haematoma of the oesophagus occurring as a presumed complication of endotracheal intubation. It was disguised as acute onset post‐operative chest pain, and resolved with conservative management. Awareness of this uncommon complication is important to allow rapid and timely diagnosis and management. We review the literature, causes and imaging features of this condition.
Editorial experience with 1 year of case reports: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Pitman AG , Walker I 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYWe analysed the properties of radiology case reports to create a ‘personality profile’. Methods: In total, 99 case reports accepted for publication over 1 year were classified on a number of categorical parameters. Results: The commonest reported underlying aetiology was tumour (n=40), and the commonest radiological presentation was with a mass (n=29). Classic presentations of rare conditions (33%) were as common as rare presentations of common conditions (35%). Most underlying pathologies were proven with histology. Ten reports were interventional. Conclusion: The typical case report is of a tumour presenting as a mass, and ultimately proven by histology.
Kidney regeneration through nephron neogenesis in medaka
Authors: Watanabe Naoki , Kato Mitsuhiro , Suzuki Norihiko , Inoue Chikako , Fedorova Svetlana , Hashimoto Hisashi , Maruyama Shoichi , Matsuo Seiichi , Wakamatsu Yuko 
Published: August 2010

Although renal regeneration is limited to repair of the proximal tubule in mammals, some bony fish are capable of renal regeneration through nephron neogenesis in the event of renal injury. We previously reported that nephron development in the medaka mesonephros is characterized by four histologically distinct stages, generally referred to as condensed mesenchyme, nephrogenic body, relatively small nephron, and the mature nephron. Developing nephrons are positive forwt1expression during the first three of these stages. In the present study, we examined the regenerative response to renal injury, artificially induced by the administration of sublethal amounts of gentamicin in adult medaka. Similar to previous reports in other animals, the renal tubular epithelium and the glomerulus of the medaka kidney exhibited severe damage after exposure to this agent. However, kidneys showed substantial recovery after gentamicin administration, and a significant number of developing nephrons appeared 14 days after gentamicin administration (P < 0.01). Similarly, the expression ofwt1in developing nephrons also indicated the early stages of nephrogenesis. These findings show that medaka has the ability to regenerate kidney through nephron neogenesis during adulthood and thatwt1is a suitable marker for detecting nephrogenesis.
Inhibition of stored Ca2+ release disrupts convergence‐related cell movements in the lateral intermediate mesoderm resulting in abnormal positioning and morphology of the pronephric anlagen in intact zebrafish embryos
Authors: Lam Pui Ying , Webb Sarah E. , Leclerc Catherine , Moreau Marc , Miller Andrew L. 
Published: August 2010

Ca2+ is a highly versatile intra‐ and intercellular signal that has been reported to regulate a variety of different pattern‐forming processes during early development. To investigate the potential role of Ca2+ signaling in regulating convergence‐related cell movements, and the positioning and morphology of the pronephric anlagen, we treated zebrafish embryos from 11.5 h postfertilization (hpf; i.e. just before the pronephric anlagen are morphologically distinguishable in the lateral intermediate mesoderm; LIM) to 16 hpf, with a variety of membrane permeable pharmacological reagents known to modulate [Ca2+]i. The effect of these treatments on pronephric anlagen positioning and morphology was determined in both fixed and live embryos via in situ hybridization using the pronephic‐specific probes, cdh17, pax2.1 and sim1, and confocal imaging of BODIPY FL C5‐ceramide‐labeled embryos, respectively. We report that Ca2+ released from intracellular stores via inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptors plays a significant role in the positioning and morphology of the pronephric anlagen, but does not affect the fate determination of the LIM cells that form these primordia. Our data suggest that when Ca2+ release is inhibited, the resulting effects on the pronephric anlagen are a consequence of the disruption of normal convergence‐related movements of LIM cells toward the embryonic midline.
Immunological alterations in pregnant women with acute hepatitis E
Authors: PAL REKHA , AGGARWAL RAKESH , NAIK SUBHASH R , DAS VINEETA , DAS SIDDHARTH , NAIK SITA 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  Infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in several developing countries. Although usually self‐limiting and benign, the disease is particularly severe among pregnant women, with mortality rates reaching 15–20%.Methods:  Immune parameters among pregnant women with acute hepatitis E (P‐HEV) were investigated and compared with those in non‐pregnant patients with hepatitis E (N‐HEV), and healthy pregnant (PC) and non‐pregnant (NPC) women.Results:  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from P‐HEV patients had lower lymphocyte proliferation response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) than those in the PC and NPC groups. A positive lymphocyte proliferation response to HEV antigen (HEVAg), a mixture of eight peptides derived from HEV proteins, was observed in 7/19 (37%) P‐HEV patients, 3/9 (33%) N‐HEV patients and only 2/21 (10%) PC and 2/14 (14%) NPC subjects; the stimulation indices in the P‐HEV group were similar to the N‐HEV group and higher than the PC group. Measurement of cytokine production by PBMC in response to PHA and HEVAg showed a reduction in production of T‐helper 1 (Th1) cytokines and an increase in that of Th2 cytokines in the P‐HEV group. Cytokine mRNA levels showed similar changes.Conclusion:  These results show the existence of a Th2 bias in pregnant women with acute hepatitis E. The role of this Th2 bias in the greater severity of hepatitis E among pregnant women needs further investigation.
Efficacy of peg‐interferon‐α‐2a plus ribavirin for patients aged 60 years and older with chronic hepatitis C in Korea
Authors: Sinn Dong Hyun , Shin Su Rin , Kil Jae Sook , Kim Jeong , Gwak Geum‐Youn , Choi Moon Seok , Lee Joon Hyeok , Koh Kwang Cheol , Yoo Byung Chul , Paik Seung Woon 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  In the present study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of combination therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin for treating chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients aged 60 years and older.Methods:  A total of 314 CHC patients, who were treated with combination therapy, were classified into three groups according to age: (i) younger than 50 years (n = 137); (ii) 50–59 years (n = 109); and (iii) 60 years or older (n = 68). The sustained virological response (SVR) and discontinuation rates were compared between the three groups.Results:  Discontinuation of therapy due to adverse event was more frequent in the older patient groups: 1%, 5%, and 10% for the < 50‐year, the 50–59‐year, and the ≥ 60‐year patient groups, respectively (P = 0.018). However, the older patient groups showed a SVR rate that was comparable to the SVR rates of the other age groups: 80%, 73%, and 75% for the < 50‐year, 50–59‐year, and ≥ 60‐year‐ patient groups, respectively (P = 0.420). A multivariate analysis showed that the aspartate aminotransferase : platelet ratio index (APRI) was an independent predictor of an SVR. An SVR was achieved in 95% (19/20) of the elderly patients with an APRI < 0.80.Conclusions:  Although physicians must pay more attention to adverse events in the older patients, combination therapy can be considered for older patients, especially for patients with a low APRI.
Gastric metaplasia of the duodenum: In vivo diagnosis by endomicroscopy and its relationship with functional dyspepsia
Authors: Ji Rui , Yu Tao , Gu Xiao‐Meng , Zuo Xiu‐Li , An Kun , Zhou Cheng‐Jun , Li Yan‐Qing 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Gastric metaplasia (GM) of the duodenum is difficult to assess because of its patchy distribution, and the role of GM in functional dyspepsia (FD) is not clear. The aims of this study were to determine if endomicroscopy could identify GM of the duodenum and whether GM has associations with FD.Methods:  A series of 51 patients with FD and 25 asymptomatic controls were enrolled. Confocal laser endomicroscopy was performed to evaluate villi changes in vivo. Targeted biopsy specimens were then compared with histopathological results.Results:  The accuracy of the endomicroscopy diagnosis of GM during endoscopy was 92.8%, and the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 86.2%, 97.4%, 89.3%, and 96.6%, respectively. The mean κ‐value for interobserver agreement was 0.89. GM in the duodenal bulb was more frequent in patients with FD than in the controls (33.3% vs 12%, P < 0.05), especially in patients with epigastric pain syndrome (47.6% vs 12%, P < 0.01).Conclusions:  Endomicroscopy is useful for identifying GM, and GM might be related to FD. These findings could have potential applicability for duodenal screening, and suggest a possible targeting therapy in FD.
Expression and prognostic significance of gastric‐specific annexin A10 in diffuse‐ and intestinal‐type gastric carcinoma
Authors: Lu Su‐Hsi , Chen Yu‐Ling , Shun Chia‐Tung , Lai Jung‐Nien , Peng Shian‐Yang , Lai Po‐Lin , Hsu Hey‐Chi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Annexin A10 (ANXA10) and its liver‐specific short isoform (ANXA10S) had tissue‐restricted expression. The downregulation of ANXA10S is correlated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to validate the tissue distribution and explore the role of the ANXA10 protein expression in gastric carcinoma.Methods:  We examined the ANXA10 protein expression in human and animal tissues and 356 resected primary gastric carcinomas, using specific mouse and rabbit polyclonal antibodies, by immunohistochemical staining.Results:  The ANXA10 protein is a nuclear protein specifically expressed in fetal and adult gastric mucosa and Brunner's gland across species, including humans, minipigs, woodchucks, and mice, and is commonly lost in gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia. The ANXA10 protein was expressed in 43.5% (155 cases) of gastric carcinomas; 74.2% (98/132) in the diffuse‐type gastric carcinoma (DGC), 73.7% (28/38) in the mixed‐type gastric carcinoma, and significantly lower in the intestinal‐type gastric carcinoma (IGC) and indeterminate groups, 16.8% (28/167) and 5.3% (1/19), respectively (P < 1 × 10−8). IGC with ANXA10 expression was correlated with a higher stage (P = 0.049), particularly higher in stage IIIA/IIIB/IV IGC than lower‐stage (IA/IB/II) tumors (P = 0.005), but was not correlated with age, sex, and nodal status. In contrast, DGC with ANXA10 expression was associated with younger age, female patients, and importantly, lower tumor stage and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.007, P = 0.065, P = 0.024, and P = 0.0014, respectively). Moreover, DGC with ANXA10 expression had a better 5‐year patient survival (P = 0.0048), whereas IGC with ANXA10 expression had a lower 5‐year survival (P = 0.034).Conclusions:  The ANXA10 protein expression is a novel marker of gastric differentiation, and is differentially expressed in IGC and DGC, with opposite prognostic significance.
High microsatellite instability predicts good prognosis in intestinal‐type gastric cancers
Authors: Kim Hyunki , An Ji Yeong , Noh Sung Hoon , Shin Sung Kwan , Lee Yong Chan , Kim Hoguen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  A subset of gastric cancers showed high microsatellite instability (MSI‐H). The reported clinicopathological features of MSI‐H gastric cancers are heterogeneous, and specific factors associated with prognosis have not been identified.Methods:  We analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors in a large series (161 cases) of MSI‐H gastric cancers, and compared the results to 315 cases of microsatellite‐stable or low microsatellite‐instable gastric cancers.Results:  The frequency of MSI‐H gastric cancers was 9% (161/1786). MSI‐H gastric cancers have distinct clinicopathological features, including female sex, older age, antral location, well‐to‐moderate differentiation, intestinal‐type Lauren classification, expanding‐type Ming classification, a non‐signet‐ring cell component, the presence of a mucinous component, a moderate‐to‐severe lymphoid stromal reaction, and a lower tumor stage. The MSI‐H phenotype was associated with better prognosis (P = 0.044), and male sex (P = 0.035, hazard ratios [HR]: 0.23), intestinal‐/mixed‐type Lauren classification (P < 0.001, HR: 0.09) and lower tumor stages (1 and 2, P = 0.001, HR: 0.08) were independently‐favorable prognostic factors.Conclusions:  With unique clinicopathological features, intestinal‐type MSI‐H gastric cancers are associated with good prognosis and can be classified as a different subset of gastric cancers.
Social skills training for primary school children: A 1‐year follow‐up study
Authors: SAWYER MG , MACMULLIN C , GRAETZ B , SAID JA , CLARK JJ , BAGHURST P 
Published: August 2010

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Rochester Social Problem Solving Program to reduce emotional and behavioural problems amongst primary school children. Methodology: Children in years 3 and 4 at primary school were assessed prior to receiving the program, immediately after the program and 1 year after the program. At each assessment, the functioning of the children who received the program was compared to the functioning of children enrolled in years 3 and 4 at a comparable school who did not receive the program. Results: The program improved the ability of children to cope with potentially difficult social situations. However, the program did not reduce the prevalence of teacher‐reported or mother‐reported childhood emotional and behavioural problems. Conclusions: School‐based social skills programs may be more effective in reducing childhood emotional and behavioural problems if they include components which focus specifically on childhood behaviour problems as well as components focusing on social skills and peer relationships.
Clinical and endoscopic predictors of histological oesophagitis in infants
Authors: CHADWICK LM , KURINCZUK JJ , HALLAM LA , BRENNAN BA , FORBES D 
Published: August 2010

Objective: To define the earliest age at which histological changes can be used to diagnose oesophagitis and to determine the relationships between clinical, endoscopic and histological features of oesophagitis in infants. Methodology: The case records and biopsies of 113 infants aged 2–18 months with clinically significant gastro‐oesophageal reflux (GOR), undergoing oesophagoscopy between 1978 and 1994 were retrospectively reviewed. The biopsies were independently evaluated and graded by two pathologists. Results: Forty‐five cases (40%) had histological oesophagitis but only 16 (14%) had abnormal endoscopic findings (excluding erythema). Endoscopy was found to be highly specific (93%) for histological oesophagitis but lacked sensitivity (25%). Irritability was inversely related to the presence of endoscopic abnormalities, and there was poor correlation between symptoms and histological changes with only haematemesis showing a statistically significant association with histological abnormalities (P= 0.033). Intraepithelial lymphocytes were the earliest of the histological features noted and were present before 4 months of age. The numbers of intraepithelial eosinophils and lymphocytes and the presence of papillary elongation all increased with age. Conclusions: The presence of oesophagitis is difficult to predict on the basis of symptoms. The presence of intraepithelial lymphocytes is the earliest histological change to be seen in infants with GOR, and can develop before 4 months of age. Oesophagoscopy without biopsy is unreliable in the diagnosis of oesophagitis in infants.