bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Low-Frequency Microwave Absorption Through Structural Polarization Modulation of MXenes
Authors: Shan Bo , Wang Yang , Ji Xinyi , Huang Yi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTwo-dimensional carbon-based materials have shown promising electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities in mid- and high-frequency ranges, but face challenges in low-frequency absorption due to limited control over polarization response mechanisms and ambiguous resonance behavior. In this study, we propose a novel approach to enhance absorption efficiency in aligned three-dimensional (3D) MXene/CNF (cellulose nanofibers) cavities by modifying polarization properties and manipulating resonance response in the 3D MXene architecture. This controlled polarization mechanism results in a significant shift of the main absorption region from the X-band to the S-band, leading to a remarkable reflection loss value of − 47.9 dB in the low-frequency range. Furthermore, our findings revealed the importance of the oriented electromagnetic coupling in influencing electromagnetic response and microwave absorption properties. The present study inspired us to develop a generic strategy for low-frequency tuned absorption in the absence of magnetic element participation, while orientation-induced polarization and the derived magnetic resonance coupling are the key controlling factors of the method.
Aureobasidium pullulans formulations: evaluation of the effectiveness against grey mould of table grape
Authors: Cignola Rudy , Firrao Giuseppe , Freschi Giorgio , Di Francesco Alessandra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAntagonism against Botrytis cinerea is often carried out using yeast as direct antagonists. Aureobasidium pullulans strain AP1 was tested in two different formulations: wettable powder (WP) and oil dispersion (OD). By in vitro assays, the viability of the strain cells was constantly evaluated for seven months and the OD formulation ensured the highest cells viability. The efficacy of the formulations was assayed by evaluating the production of volatile and non-volatile metabolites. Results showed that the formulation affected the non-volatile less than the volatile metabolites. Both AP1 WP and AP1 OD non-volatile metabolites displayed almost 50% of mycelial pathogen inhibition. Comparing the two products, the lowest EC50 value (518.15 mg L− 1) was detected for the AP1 OD formulation that was thus chosen for postharvest in vivo assays. The preventative treatments (200, 400, 800 mg L− 1) were active in reducing the pathogen incidence on table grape on average by 52%. Instead, in the curative application assay, the highest concentration (800 mg L− 1) reduced grey mold incidence by 86%. The present study reported the potential of two new formulations to use against the postharvest grey mold of table grape for a possible further commercial product development.
Application of bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization to the design of an innovative pedestrian bridge
Authors: Lai Yaping , Li Yu , Liu Yanchen , Chen Peixin , Zhao Lijun , Li Jin , Xie Yi Min 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith rapid advances in design methods and structural analysis techniques, computational generative design strategies have been adopted more widely in the field of architecture and engineering. As a performance-based design technique to find out the most efficient structural form, topology optimization provides a powerful tool for designers to explore lightweight and elegant structures. Building on this background, this study proposes an innovative pedestrian bridge design, which covers the process from conceptualization to detailed design implementation. This pedestrian bridge, with a main span of 152 m, needs to meet some unique architectural requirements, while addressing multiple engineering challenges. Aiming to reduce the depth of the girder but still meeting the load-carrying capacity requirements, the superstructure of this bridge adopts a variable-depth spinal-shaped girder in the center of its deck, thus forming an elegant curving facade, from which one pathway cantilevers on either side. At one end of the bridge, given considerable elevation difference between the bridge deck and the ground, a two-level Fibonacci-type spiral-shaped bicycle ramp is provided. The superstructure is supported by a series of organic tree-shaped branching piers resulting from the topology optimization. The ingenious design for the elegant profile of the bicycle ramp generates an enjoyable and dynamic crossing experience, with scenic views in all directions. By virtue of technological innovation, the pedestrian bridge is expected to create an iconic, cost-effective, and low-maintenance solution. A brief overview of the theoretical background of the bi-directional evolutionary structure optimization (BESO) and the multi-material BESO approach is also offered in this paper, while the construction requirements and challenges, conceptual development process, form-finding strategy, detailed design, and construction method of the bridge are presented.
Identification of nuclear membrane SUN proteins and components associated with wheat fungal stress responses
Authors: Guo Huan , Wang Jianfeng , Yao Di , Yu Ligang , Jiang Wenting , Xie Lincai , Lv Shikai , Zhang Xiangyu , Wang Yajuan , Wang Changyou , Ji Wanquan , Zhang Hong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn eukaryotes, the nuclear membrane that encapsulates genomic DNA is composed of an inner nuclear membrane (INM), an outer nuclear membrane (ONM), and a perinuclear space. SUN proteins located in the INM and KASH proteins in the ONM form the SUN-KASH NM-bridge, which functions as the junction of the nucleocytoplasmic complex junction. Proteins containing the SUN domain showed the highest correlation with differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in the wheat response to fungal stress. To understand the characteristics of SUN and its associated proteins in wheat responding to pathogen stress, here we investigated and comprehensive analyzed SUN- and KASH-related proteins among the DAPs under fungi infection based on their conserved motifs. In total, four SUN proteins, one WPP domain-interacting protein (WIP), four WPP domain-interacting tail-anchored proteins (WIT), two WPP proteins and one Ran GTPase activating protein (RanGAP) were identified. Following transient expression of Nicotiana benthamiana, TaSUN2, TaRanGAP2, TaWIT1 and TaWIP1 were identified as nuclear membrane proteins, while TaWPP1 and TaWPP2 were expressed in both the nucleus and cell membrane. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that the transcription of TaSUN2, TaRanGAP2 and TaWPP1 were strongly upregulated in response to fungal infection. Furthermore, using the bimolecular fluorescence complementation, the luciferase complementation and a nuclear and split-ubiquitin-based membrane yeast two-hybrid systems, we substantiated the interaction between TaSUN2 and TaWIP1, as well as TaWIP1/WIT1 and TaWPP1/WPP2. Silencing of TaSUN2, TaRanGAP2 and TaWPP1 in wheat leaves promoted powdery mildew infection and hyphal growth, and reduced the expression of TaBRI1, TaBAK1 and Ta14-3–3, indicating that these NM proteins play a positive role in resistance to fungal stress. Our study reveals the characteristics of NM proteins and propose the preliminary construction of SUN-WIP-WPP-RanGAP complex in wheat, which represents a foundation for detail elucidating their functions in wheat in future.
Oncometabolites in cancer: from cancer cells to the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Chen Luoyi , Huang Min 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOncometabolites refer to pro-oncogenic metabolites that are aberrantly accumulated due to distorted metabolic pathways in cancer cells, and play a crucial role in promoting cancer malignancy. In recent years, the concept of oncometabolites has been broadened beyond their original definition. Emerging evidence has suggested that oncometabolites also exert crucial functions in non-cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment, and can even be produced by these cells. In this review, we summarize the expanded understanding of oncometabolites by presenting an overview of their functions and mechanisms in oncogenesis and cancer progression from the viewpoint of the tumor microenvironment, with a special attention to metabolite-mediated cell-cell crosstalk in promoting cancer progression. With this review, we hope to gain a better understanding of roles and the regulation of the rewired metabolism in cancer and inspire novel therapeutic avenues for treating oncometabolite-driven cancers.
Effect of magnetic needle magnetic particle grinding process on the performance of metal aluminum plates
Authors: Zou Hang , Ying Jun , Ma Xuedong , Chen Yan , Han Bing , Zhan Jiawei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMagnetic needle grinding processing technology is one of the magnetic grinding processing techniques. It possesses the characteristics of micro-cutting removal, small increase in processing temperature, flexible processing, high-quality, and high-precision processing. It is mainly utilized to remove burrs at the edge of the workpiece and the edge of the hole, as well as to finish the surface of the workpiece. It is frequently employed in civil, aerospace, navigation, and other fields. Due to the randomness and complexity of magnetic needle movement in magnetic abrasive finishing, it is difficult to quantify the processing parameters and predict processing effects. Therefore, this paper establishes a simulation model of magnetic needle in magnetic abrasive finishing by the coupling numerical simulation method of fluid dynamics discrete element method (CFD-DEM) to analyze the working state parameters of the magnetic needle. Through the simulation of actual working conditions, the machining process and parameters of magnetic abrasive finishing are quantified and analyzed, and the motion trend of magnetic needles during the machining process is studied. Then, the residual stress of single magnetic needle impact is analyzed with ABAQUS, and the performance enhancement of the workpiece is predicted. Finally, observations of surface morphology and validation of residual stress prediction were conducted through experiments on an aluminum plate. The results show that the residual stress of the aluminum plate is positively correlated with the number of strikes of the magnetic needle. The residual stress changes from tensile stress (+0.1 MPa) to compressive stress (-16.5 MPa). The comparison between simulation results and experimental results is good, indicating that the simulation model can comprehensively consider multiple factors such as magnetic field, particle motion, and fluid flow, and establish a magnetic needle magnetic grinding process model that is suitable for actual working conditions.
Geo-electrical prognosis of aquifer protectivity, corrosivity, and vulnerability via index-based models within a major coastal milieu
Authors: Udosen Ndifreke I. , Ekanem Aniekan M. , George Nyakno J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work was carried out to investigate the protective capacity, vulnerability, and corrosivity within a major coastal milieu in Southern Nigeria with the use of index-based geo-electrical modeling methods. Vertical electrical soundings were undertaken at twenty locations with the aid of Schlumberger array having a maximum electrode spacing of 400 m. The results indicated that the lithology comprised four subsurface layers having variable values of resistivity and thickness. The Dar-Zarrouk parameter, the Aquifer Vulnerability Index (AVI), and the GOD (Groundwater occurrence G, Overlying lithology O and Depth to aquifer D) models were employed to appraise measures of aquifer protectivity and vulnerability to contamination. The longitudinal conductance values ranged from 0.0071–1.95 mhos with a mean of 0.32 mhos, indicating moderate protectivity. AVI values ranged from 1.73–4.10 with a mean of 3.03, indicating moderate aquifer vulnerability. The GOD indices ranged from 0.35–0.63 with a mean of 0.49, indicating moderate aquifer vulnerability. Corrosivity was also computed based on topsoil resistivity values which ranged from 12.7 to 664.2 Ωm with a mean of 168.17 Ωm, indicating moderate corrosivity, and demonstrating the unsuitability of corrosive locations for laying underground pipes. All the index-based models gave similar interpretations, indicating moderate aquifer protectivity and susceptibility. These results were corroborated by 2D electrical resistivity tomography surveys conducted at four stations. This work has therefore delineated important aquifer geo-hydraulic properties with index-based geo-electrical modeling techniques. The results obtained are critical for effective aquifer management, conservation, and sustainability.
Neuropsychobiology of fear-induced bradycardia in humans: progress and pitfalls
Authors: Battaglia Simone , Nazzi Claudio , Lonsdorf Tina B. , Thayer Julian F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the last century, the paradigm of fear conditioning has greatly evolved in a variety of scientific fields. The techniques, protocols, and analysis methods now most used have undergone a progressive development, theoretical and technological, improving the quality of scientific productions. Fear-induced bradycardia is among these techniques and represents the temporary deceleration of heart beats in response to negative outcomes. However, it has often been used as a secondary measure to assess defensive responding to threat, along other more popular techniques. In this review, we aim at paving the road for its employment as an additional tool in fear conditioning experiments in humans. After an overview of the studies carried out throughout the last century, we describe more recent evidence up to the most contemporary research insights. Lastly, we provide some guidelines concerning the best practices to adopt in human fear conditioning studies which aim to investigate fear-induced bradycardia.
Survival of patients with ruptured gastrointestinal stromal tumour treated with adjuvant imatinib in a randomised trial
Authors: Joensuu Heikki , Reichardt Annette , Eriksson Mikael , Hohenberger Peter , Boye Kjetil , Cameron Silke , Lindner Lars H. , Jost Philipp J. , Bauer Sebastian , Schütte Jochen , Lindskog Stefan , Kallio Raija , Jaakkola Panu M. , Goplen Dorota , Wardelmann Eva , Reichardt Peter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients with ruptured gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) have poor prognosis. Little information is available about how adjuvant imatinib influences survival.

Methods
We explored recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with ruptured GIST who participated in a randomised trial (SSG XVIII/AIO), where 400 patients with high-risk GIST were allocated to adjuvant imatinib for either 1 year or 3 years after surgery. Of the 358 patients with confirmed localised GIST, 73 (20%) had rupture reported. The ruptures were classified retrospectively using the Oslo criteria.

Results
Most ruptures were major, four reported ruptures were reclassified unruptured. The 69 patients with rupture had inferior RFS and OS compared with 289 patients with unruptured GIST (10-year RFS 21% vs. 55%, OS 59% vs. 78%, respectively). Three-year adjuvant imatinib did not significantly improve RFS or OS of the patients with rupture compared with 1-year treatment, but in the largest mutational subset with KIT exon 11 deletion/indel mutation OS was higher in the 3-year group than in the 1-year group (10-year OS 94% vs. 54%).

Conclusions
About one-fifth of ruptured GISTs treated with adjuvant imatinib did not recur during the first decade of follow-up. Relatively high OS rates were achieved despite rupture.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT00116935.
Review of the role of imaging in the diagnosis of priapism
Authors: von Stempel Conrad , Walkden Miles , Kirkham Alex 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImaging has a specific role in the diagnosis and management of priapism. The primary imaging modality is ultrasound with colour Doppler (CDUS) which can accurately assess the hemodynamics of the cavernosal arteries. This is particularly useful in equivocal cases and can help differentiate ischemic from non-ischemic priapism as well as confirm the presence and location of arterio-venous fistulae post penile trauma. Furthermore, CDUS is invaluable in the post treatment follow up of non-ischemic priapism. Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can demonstrate the extent of cavernosal necrosis in ischemic priapism and in conjunction with computer tomography (CT) has an important role in excluding underlying malignancy. MRI and CT angiography are used to evaluate pudendal arterial anatomy, which can be extremely variable and aids in the management of non-ischemic priapism. In selected cases of non-ischemic priapism, catheter angiography and transcatheter embolization of arteriovenous fistulae is an effective treatment. This review will examine the specific roles of different imaging modalities in the subtypes of priapism as well as highlight some of the pitfalls encountered in imaging.
Molecular and physiological changes in the SpaceX Inspiration4 civilian crew
Authors: Jones Christopher W. , Overbey Eliah G. , Lacombe Jerome , Ecker Adrian J. , Meydan Cem , Ryon Krista , Tierney Braden , Damle Namita , MacKay Matthew , Afshin Evan E. , Foox Jonathan , Park Jiwoon , Nelson Theodore M. , Suhail Mohamad Mir , Byhaqui Syed Gufran Ahmad , Aslam Burhan , Tali Ummer Akbar , Nisa Liaqun , Menon Priya V. , Patel Chintan O. , Khan Sharib A. , Ebert Doug J. , Everson Aaron , Schubert Michael C. , Ali Nabila N. , Sarma Mallika S. , Kim JangKeun , Houerbi Nadia , Grigorev Kirill , Garcia Medina J. Sebastian , Summers Alexander J. , Gu Jian , Altin John A. , Fattahi Ali , Hirzallah Mohammad I. , Wu Jimmy H. , Stahn Alexander C. , Beheshti Afshin , Klotz Remi , Ortiz Veronica , Yu Min , Patras Laura , Matei Irina , Lyden David , Melnick Ari , Banerjee Neil , Mullane Sean , Kleinman Ashley S. , Loesche Michael , Menon Anil S. , Donoviel Dorit B. , Urquieta Emmanuel , Mateus Jaime , Sargsyan Ashot E. , Shelhamer Mark , Zenhausern Frederic , Bershad Eric M. , Basner Mathias , Mason Christopher E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHuman spaceflight has historically been managed by government agencies, such as in the NASA Twins Study1, but new commercial spaceflight opportunities have opened spaceflight to a broader population. In 2021, the SpaceX Inspiration4 mission launched the first all-civilian crew to low Earth orbit, which included the youngest American astronaut (aged 29), new in-flight experimental technologies (handheld ultrasound imaging, smartwatch wearables and immune profiling), ocular alignment measurements and new protocols for in-depth, multi-omic molecular and cellular profiling. Here we report the primary findings from the 3-day spaceflight mission, which induced a broad range of physiological and stress responses, neurovestibular changes indexed by ocular misalignment, and altered neurocognitive functioning, some of which match those of long-term spaceflight2, but almost all of which did not differ from baseline (pre-flight) after return to Earth. Overall, these preliminary civilian spaceflight data suggest that short-duration missions do not pose a significant health risk, and moreover present a rich opportunity to measure the earliest phases of adaptation to spaceflight in the human body at anatomical, cellular, physiological and cognitive levels. Finally, these methods and results lay the foundation for an open, rapidly expanding biomedical database for astronauts3, which can inform countermeasure development for both private and government-sponsored space missions.
Data-driven regularization lowers the size barrier of cryo-EM structure determination
Authors: Kimanius Dari , Jamali Kiarash , Wilkinson Max E. , Lövestam Sofia , Velazhahan Vaithish , Nakane Takanori , Scheres Sjors H. W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMacromolecular structure determination by electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) is limited by the alignment of noisy images of individual particles. Because smaller particles have weaker signals, alignment errors impose size limitations on its applicability. Here, we explore how image alignment is improved by the application of deep learning to exploit prior knowledge about biological macromolecular structures that would otherwise be difficult to express mathematically. We train a denoising convolutional neural network on pairs of half-set reconstructions from the electron microscopy data bank (EMDB) and use this denoiser as an alternative to a commonly used smoothness prior. We demonstrate that this approach, which we call Blush regularization, yields better reconstructions than do existing algorithms, in particular for data with low signal-to-noise ratios. The reconstruction of a protein–nucleic acid complex with a molecular weight of 40 kDa, which was previously intractable, illustrates that denoising neural networks will expand the applicability of cryo-EM structure determination for a wide range of biological macromolecules.
Investigation of hemispheric asymmetry in Alzheimer’s disease patients during resting state revealed by fNIRS
Authors: Mızrak Hazel Gül , Dikmen Merve , Hanoğlu Lütfü , Şakul Bayram Ufuk 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the gradual deterioration of brain structures and changes in hemispheric asymmetry. Meanwhile, healthy aging is associated with a decrease in functional hemispheric asymmetry. In this study, functional connectivity analysis was used to compare the functional hemispheric asymmetry in eyes-open resting-state fNIRS data of 16 healthy elderly controls (mean age: 60.4 years, MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination): 27.3 ± 2.52) and 14 Alzheimer's patients (mean age: 73.8 years, MMSE: 22 ± 4.32). Increased interhemispheric functional connectivity was found in the premotor cortex, supplementary motor cortex, primary motor cortex, inferior parietal cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and supramarginal gyrus in the control group compared to the AD group. The study revealed that the control group had stronger interhemispheric connectivity, leading to a more significant decrease in hemispheric asymmetry than the AD group. The results show that there is a difference in interhemispheric functional connections at rest between the Alzheimer's group and the control group, suggesting that functional hemispheric asymmetry continues in Alzheimer's patients.