bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are children with Angelman syndrome at high risk for anesthetic complications?
Authors: Landsman Ira S. , Mitzel Heather M. , Peters Sarika U. , Bichell Terry J. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryObjectives/Aims:  To review seven children with Angelman syndrome (AS) undergoing 16 general anesthetics for both invasive and noninvasive procedures to determine if these children are at greater risk for anesthetic‐related complications than the general population.Background:  Children with AS may exhibit unpredictable responses to GABA agonists because of abnormal GABA receptors. These abnormal receptors may affect AS patients' responses to sedation and general anesthesia.Methods:  The study design was a retrospective chart review of seven patients with AS who underwent a total of 16 general anesthetics for a variety of invasive and noninvasive procedures between the years 4/25/2005 and 12/31/2010. We reviewed the preoperative orders, anesthesia record and PACU records for preoperative medication orders and intraoperative and PACU adverse events.Results:  We could not find documentation of complications attributed to the delivery of general anesthesia regardless of chromosomal defect, the use of GABA activating drugs, or a history of seizures. Six patients received a propofol‐based anesthetic while 10 patients received potent inhalation agent for anesthetic maintenance. There were no statistical differences between the PACU lengths of stay (LOS) for AS patients as compared to the average PACU LOS for the 60 969 postprocedure patients cared for between 1/1/06 through 12/31/10.Conclusions:  We found no data to suggest that these patients demonstrate exaggerated responses to GABA stimulating drugs. In fact, it appears that regardless of the anesthetic agent, the perioperative course was unremarkable.
Short‐term outcome following elective laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection in octogenarians and nonagenarians
Authors: Chaudhary B. N. , Shabbir J. , Griffith J. P. , Parvaiz A. , Greenslade G. L. , Dixon A. R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim  The 30‐day outcome after laparoscopic resection for cancer in patients over the age of 80 years was studied.Method  An electronic database was used to identify patients over 80 years who underwent laparoscopic bowel resection between December 2000 and October 2009 at three UK laparoscopic colorectal training units. Patients who required abdominoperineal excision of the rectum were excluded.Results  In all, 173 patients (80 men) of median age 84 (80–93) years were identified. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades were ASA 1, 14; ASA 2, 87; ASA 3, 68; and ASA 4, 4. Median body mass index was 26 (14–45) kg/m2. Thirteen (7.5%) patients were converted to open surgery. The major causes for conversion were bleeding and adhesions. Thirty‐three major complications occurred in 21 (12%) patients. Ten (5.8%) required readmission after discharge for complications giving a total of 17.8% of patients with complications. The median hospital stay was 5 (1–37) days. Three (1.7%) patients died within 30 days of surgery.Conclusion  This study confirms that laparoscopic large bowel resection is safe and beneficial in a population over 80 years. It has low morbidity and mortality and a shortened hospital stay. Octogenarians should not be denied major laparoscopic bowel surgery based on age alone.
Anticoagulant Therapy and Risk of Cerebrovascular Events After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in the Elderly
Authors: GUIOT AURELIE , JONGNARANGSIN KRIT , CHUGH AMAN , SUWANAGOOL ARISARA , LATCHAMSETTY RAKESH , MYLES JAMES D. , JIANG QINGMEI , CRAWFORD THOMAS , GOOD ERIC , PELOSI JR FRANK , BOGUN FRANK , MORADY FRED , ORAL HAKAN 
Published: August 2011

Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation Ablation. Introduction: Factors associated with cerebrovascular events (CVEs) after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) have not been well defined in elderly patients (≥65 years). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of CVEs after RFA in patients with AF ≥65 years old, in comparison to patients <65 years, and with or without AF.
Methods and Results:
This study included 508 consecutive patients ≥65 years old (mean age: 70 ± 4 years), who underwent RFA for paroxysmal (297) or persistent (211) AF. A stratified group of 508 patients < 65 years old who underwent RFA for AF served as a control group. All patients were anticoagulated with warfarin for ≥3 months after RFA. A perioperative CVE (≤4 weeks after RFA) occurred in 0.8% and 1% of patients ≥65 and <65 years old, respectively (P = 1). Among the patients ≥65 years old who remained in sinus rhythm after RFA, warfarin was discontinued in 60% and 56% of the patients with a CHADS2 score of 0 and ≥1, respectively. Paroxysmal AF, no history of CVE, and successful RFA were independent predictors of discontinuing warfarin. During a mean follow‐up of 3 ± 2 years, a late CVE (>4 weeks after the RFA) occurred in 15 of 508 (3%) of patients ≥65 years old (1% per year) and in 5 of 508 (1%) patients <65 years old (0.3% per year, P = 0.03). Among patients ≥65 years old, age >75 years old (OR = 4.9, ±95% CI: 3.3–148.5, P = 0.001) was the only independent predictor of a CVE. Among patients <65 years old, body mass index was the only independent predictor of a late CVE (OR = 1.2, ±95% CI: 1.03–1.33, P = 0.02).
Conclusions:
The risk of a periprocedural CVE after RFA of AF is similar among patients ≥65 and <65 years old. Late CVEs after RFA are more prevalent in older than younger patients with AF, and age >75 years old is the only independent predictor of late CVEs regardless of the rhythm, anticoagulation status, or the CHADS2 score (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥ 75 years, Diabetes mellitus and prior Stroke or transient ischemic attack). (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 36‐43, January 2012)
Salermide up‐regulates death receptor 5 expression through the ATF4‐ATF3‐CHOP axis and leads to apoptosis in human cancer cells
Authors: Liu Guangbo , Su Ling , Hao Xuexi , Zhong Ning , Zhong Diansheng , Singhal Sunil , Liu Xiangguo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSirtuins (a class III histone deacetylase) have emerged as novel targets for cancer therapy. Salermide, a reverse amide compound that inhibits Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2), has been shown to induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. The mechanism underlying cellular apoptotic signalling by salermide remains unclear. In this study, we show that salermide up‐regulates the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) in human non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Blocking DR5 expression by gene silencing technology results in a decrease in activated forms of several pro‐apoptotic proteins (caspase‐8, caspase‐9, caspase‐3, PARP). Increasing DR5 protein expression correlates with salermide‐induced apoptosis in human NSCLC cells. We discovered that IRE‐1α, Bip, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF4), activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) are induced by salermide, which suggests that DR5‐dependent apoptosis is induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, knockdown of Sirt1 and Sirt2 expression resulted in up‐regulation of ATF4, CHOP and DR5. Transfected NSCLC cells with ATF4, ATF3 or CHOP siRNA results in a decline in pro‐apoptotic proteins (such as caspase‐8, caspase‐9, caspase‐3 and PARP) despite salermide treatment. We demonstrate that salermide induces expression of ATF4, and ATF4 up‐regulates ATF3 and subsequently modulates CHOP. This suggests that DR5 is modulated by the ATF4‐ATF3‐CHOP axis in NSCLC after Sirt1/2 inhibition or salermide treatment. This study highlights the importance of DR5 up‐regulation in apoptosis induced by Sirt1/2 inhibition and elucidates the underlying mechanism in human NSCLC cells.
Traits and growth of liana regeneration in primary and secondary forests of Central Amazonia
Authors: Roeder Mareike , Hölscher Dirk , Kossmann‐Ferraz Isolde D. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Question: Do traits of liana regeneration differ among secondary forest types of varying land‐use history and primary forest?
Location: Eighty kilometers north of Manaus, Brazil.
Methods: We compared plant functional traits and growth rates of liana regeneration (<1.7‐m length) among two secondary forest types and primary forest. Secondary forest types were: Vismia (on land formerly clear‐cut, used for pasture and intensively burned) and Cecropia (no pasture usage or intensive fires after clear‐cut).
Results: A principal components analysis indicated that most of the primary forest species exhibited a similar habit and were characterized by short shoots and small, round leaves with low specific leaf area, whereas secondary forest species had a broad range of trait values. At the plot level, primary and secondary forest communities were separated mainly by plant length and leaf size. Plant size varied more within secondary than within primary forest plots. The two secondary forest types could not be separated based on the traits of liana regeneration. Relative growth rate (RGR) did not correlate significantly with any measured plant trait, except for a negative relation to initial length. RGR increased with decreasing canopy cover and was highest in Vismia forest plots.
Conclusion: Plant functional traits of liana regeneration were more similar in the primary forest and differed substantially from secondary forests, yet canopy cover only partly explained the observed differences.
Health status and functional profile at admission of nursing home residents in Iceland over 11‐year period
Authors: Hjaltadóttir Ingibjörg , Hallberg Ingalill R. , Ekwall Anna K. , Nyberg Per 
Published: August 2011

hjaltadóttir i., hallberg i.r., ekwall a.k. & nyberg p. (2011) Health status and functional profile at admission of nursing home residents in Iceland over 11‐year period. International Journal of Older People Nursing7, 177–187  doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2011.00287.xBackground.  The knowledge over time of the health status and changes in care needs of newly admitted nursing home residents is limited.Objectives.  To investigate trends in residents’ health status and functional profile at admission to nursing homes and compare rural and capital areas in Iceland over an 11‐year period.Design.  Retrospective analysis of nursing home data over 11 years (1996–2006).Participants.  Residents, who had been assessed with the Minimum Data Set assessment within 90 days from admittance (n = 2206).Method.  Non‐parametric tests for descriptive statistics and linear regressions were used to analyse time trends.Results.  The mean age ranged from 80.1 to 82.8, and women accounted for 52.7% to 67.1%. The level of independency indicated intact cognitive performance in 28.6–61.4% and in 42.5–68% in activities of daily living performance. A weak, but significant, linear trend was seen in residents’ health becoming less stable, their cognitive performance improving, more pain being reported and greater participation in social activities over the 11 years.Conclusion.  Some residents might have stayed at home longer had they been given appropriate home care and the opportunity of rehabilitation. Pain management and social activities are areas where more staff knowledge seems to be needed.Implications for practice.  Resources to enable old people to remain at home need to be explored before their entry into nursing homes. Whereas providing services at the appropriate level is important for society as well as older people.
Proximate Composition, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Seagrape (Caulerpa lentillifera)
Authors: Nguyen Van Tang , Ueng Jinn‐Pyng , Tsai Guo‐Jane 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  The proximate composition of seagrape (Caulerpa lentillifera) from culture ponds in Penghu, Taiwan was analyzed. The phenolic content and the antioxidant activities including the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric ion‐reducing activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, and ferrous ion chelating (FIC) activity of the ethanolic extracts of dry seagrape samples using 2 drying methods of freeze drying and thermal drying were compared with the ethanolic extract of Oolong tea as a reference. The contents (dry weight basis) of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fiber, and ash of seagrape obtained from culture ponds in Taiwan were 64.00%, 9.26%, 1.57%, 2.97%, and 22.20%, respectively. The total phenolic content (1.30 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g dry weight) of the ethanolic extract of thermally dried seagrape was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that (2.04 mg GAE/g dry weight) of freeze‐dried seagrape, and both were significantly lower than that (13.58 mg GAE/g dry weight) of Oolong tea. At the same phenolic content, the antioxidant activities of freeze‐dried seagrape were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of thermally dried seagrape. Compared with Oolong tea, seagrape, irrespective of drying method used, generally had strong hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity; but it was weak in DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric ion‐reducing activity, and FIC activity. The antioxidant activity of seagrape and Oolong tea was significantly influenced by their phenolic contents.Practical Application:  The proximate composition, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of seagrape (Caulerpa lentillifera) in Taiwan were determined in this research to indicate nutritionally of this edible seaweed to human health, and compared these results to previous studies.
Antifungal Activity of Lactobacillus fermentum Te007, Pediococcus pentosaceus Te010, Lactobacillus pentosus G004, and L. paracasi D5 on Selected Foods
Authors: Muhialdin Belal J. , Hassan Zaiton , Sadon Sajaa Kh. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  In the search for new preservatives from natural resources to replace or to reduce the use of chemical preservatives 4 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were selected to be evaluated for their antifungal activity on selected foods. The supernatants of the selected strains delayed the growth of fungi for 23 to 40 d at 4 °C and 5 to 6 d at 20 and 30 °C in tomato puree, 19 to 29 d at 4 °C and 6 to 12 d at 20 and 30 °C in processed cheese, and 27 to 30 d at 4 °C and 12 to 24 d at 20 and 30 °C in commercial bread. The shelf life of bread with added LAB cells or their supernatants were longer than normal bread. This study demonstrates that Lactobacillus fermentum Te007, Pediococcus pentosaceus Te010, L. pentosus G004, and L. paracasi D5 either the cells or their supernatants could be used as biopreservative in bakery products and other processed foods.Practical Application:  The heat stability nature of the antifungal compounds produced by the LAB isolates offers a promising application of L. fermentum Te007, P. pentosaceus Te010, L. pentosus G004, and L. paracasi D5 as biopreservative in bakery products or other processed foods to replace or reduce the use of chemical preservatives.
Additive Effect of Homocysteine‐ and Cholesterol‐Lowering Therapy on Endothelium‐Dependent Vasodilation in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Wustmann Kerstin , Klaey Marco , Burow Annika , Shaw Sidney G. , Hess Otto M. , Allemann Yves 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYAim: Endothelial dysfunction is a marker for development and progression of atherosclerosis. Statin therapy improves endothelial function in cardiovascular patients by reducing LDL‐cholesterol and by pleiotropic effects. B‐group vitamin supplementation restores endothelial function mainly by reducing homocysteine‐induced oxidative stress. Thus, we evaluated the effect of rosuvastatin, B‐group vitamins and their combination on endothelial function in high‐risk cardiovascular patients. Methods: Thirty‐six patients with cardiovascular disease were randomly, double‐blinded assigned to either rosuvastatin 10 mg (group R, n = 18) or vitamin supplementation consisting of folic acid 1 mg, vitamin B12 0.4 mg, and B6 10 mg (group V, n = 18) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks all patients received rosuvastatin and vitamin supplementation in combination for additional 6 weeks. Endothelial function was assessed by flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) at baseline and after 6‐ and 12‐week treatment. Results: At baseline, FMD, plasma lipids, vitamins, and homocysteine were comparable between both groups. After 6 weeks, FMD improved in both groups (from 4.4 ± 1.6 to 6.9 ± 1.4% group R, P= 0.0004 and from 4.9 ± 1.8 to 6.4 ± 1.8% group V, P= 0.0002). This improvement in FMD was mainly associated with a decrease of plasma lipids in group R and a decrease of homocysteine in group V. After 12 weeks, the combined therapy with rosuvastatin and vitamins further improved FMD to the normal range in 26/33 patients compared to 5/36 at baseline (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: In conclusion, both treatments, rosuvastatin and B‐group vitamin supplementation, improved endothelial function in high‐risk cardiovascular patients. The combination of both therapies had an additive effect on endothelial function suggesting different mechanisms of action.
Trimetazidine Reduces Endogenous Free Fatty Acid Oxidation and Improves Myocardial Efficiency in Obese Humans
Authors: Bucci Marco , Borra Ronald , Någren Kjell , Pärkkä Jussi P. , Del Ry Silvia , Maggio Romina , Tuunanen Helena , Viljanen Tapio , Cabiati Manuela , Rigazio Sara , Taittonen Markku , Pagotto Uberto , Parkkola Riitta , Opie Lionel H. , Nuutila Pirjo , Knuuti Juhani , Iozzo Patricia 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIntroduction: The metabolic modulator trimetazidine (TMZ) has been suggested to induce a metabolic shift from myocardial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to glucose utilization, but this mechanism remains unproven in humans. The oxidation of plasma derived FA is commonly measured in humans, whereas the contribution of FA from triglycerides stored in the myocardium has been poorly characterized. Aims: To verify the hypothesis that TMZ induces a metabolic shift, we combined positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) to measure myocardial FAO from plasma and intracellular lipids, and myocardial glucose metabolism. Nine obese subjects were studied before and after 1 month of TMZ treatment. Myocardial glucose and FA metabolism were assessed by PET with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose and 11C‐palmitate. 1H‐MRS was used to measure myocardial lipids, the latter being integrated into the PET data analysis to quantify myocardial triglyceride turnover. Results: Myocardial FAO derived from intracellular lipids was at least equal to that of plasma FAs (P= NS). BMI and cardiac work were positively associated with the oxidation of plasma derived FA (P≤ 0.01). TMZ halved total and triglyceride‐derived myocardial FAO (32.7 ± 8.0 to 19.6 ± 4.0 μmol/min and 23.7 ± 7.5 to 10.3 ± 2.7 μmol/min, respectively; P≤ 0.05). These changes were accompanied by increased cardiac efficiency since unchanged LV work (1.6 ± 0.2 to 1.6 ± 0.1 Watt/g × 102, NS) was associated with decreased work energy from the intramyocardial triglyceride oxidation (1.6 ± 0.5 to 0.4 ± 0.1 Watt/g × 102, P= 0.036). Conclusions: In obese subjects, we demonstrate that myocardial intracellular triglyceride oxidation significantly provides FA‐derived energy for mechanical work. TMZ reduced the oxidation of triglyceride‐derived myocardial FAs improving myocardial efficiency.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Room-Temperature Finned-Tube Evaporator for Cryogenic Nitrogen
Authors: Lee Shun Ching , Chen Tzu-Min 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe behavior of cryogenic nitrogen in a room-temperature evaporator six meters long is analyzed. Trapezoid fins are employed to enhance the heat flux supplied by the environment. The steady-state governing equations specified by the mixed parameters are derived from the conservations of momentum and energy. The initial value problem is solved by space integration. The fixed ambient conditions are confirmed by way of the meltback effect. An integrated model is utilized to analyze the convective effect of two-phase flow, which dominates the evaporation behavior. Another integrated model is employed to determine the total heat flux from the environment to the wet surface of the evaporator. The foundation of the formation of an ice layer surrounding the evaporator is presented. If the fin height is shorter than 0.5 m, the whole evaporator is surrounded by ice layer. If the fin height is longer than 0.5 m, the total pressure drop of nitrogen in the tube is negligible. The outlet temperature is always within the range between −12 °C and 16 °C for the evaporator with the fin height of 1.0 m. For the evaporator with dry surface, the nitrogen has the outlet temperature less than the ambient temperature at least by 5 °C.
SUBFACTORS OF INDEX LESS THAN 5, PART 2: TRIPLE POINTS
Authors: MORRISON SCOTT , PENNEYS DAVID , PETERS EMILY , SNYDER NOAH 
Published: August 2011

We summarize the known obstructions to subfactors with principal graphs which begin with a triple point. One is based on Jones's quadratic tangles techniques, although we apply it in a novel way. The other two are based on connections techniques; one due to Ocneanu, and the other previously unpublished, although likely known to Haagerup.We then apply these obstructions to the classification of subfactors with index below 5. In particular, we eliminate three of the five families of possible principal graphs called "weeds" in the classification from S. Morrison and N. Snyder, Subfactors of index less than 5, part 1: the principal graph odometer, to appear in Comm. Math. Phys.
Re-cognizing the Mind in the Anthropology of Religion
Authors: Tremlett Paul-François 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCognitive approaches to religion in religious studies and anthropology are proving increasingly fashionable of late. The focus of this essay is on “cognitivism” in the anthropology of religion, and in particular the writings of E. B. Tylor, Claude Lévi-Strauss and Harvey Whitehouse. I define cognitivism in the anthropology of religion as an approach to religion that appeals to the mind and to processes of cognition as universals from which theories of — and explanations for — religion, can be generated. The essay engages in a detailed analysis of three cognitive theories of religion. Each theory takes the mind to be an enduring and stable foundation upon which an explanation for religion can be erected. Yet the mind — the foundation — is disclosed through each theory as unstable; it actually changes under different kinds of enquiry into religion. I then sketch two possible alternative theories of the mind before concluding by arguing that the cognizing mind might productively be treated not as a given and natural fact but rather as the product of discourse.
The Confession of Jesus and the Curses of Peter
Authors: Huizenga Leroy Andrew 
Published: August 2011

AbstractJoel Marcus has recently revived the view that the longer reading of Jesus’ words in Mark 14:62 (σ επας τι γ εµι) is original, for the shorter reading (γ εµι) threatens Markan priority, given Jesus’ enigmatic, ambivalent response in Matt 26:64 (σ επας). Marcus and all other commentators have conducted the debate on traditional text-critical and redaction-critical grounds. Employing a disciplined and historical approach to narrative criticism, this article (1) contends on narrative and Christological grounds that the shorter reading of Jesus’ words in Mark 14:62 is original; and (2) explores how narrative criticism contributes to textual criticism.
Lukas 18:7 als Anspielung auf den Deus absconditus
Authors: Haacker Klaus 
Published: August 2011

AbstractM. Rogland has convincingly questioned the widespread translation of µακρουµεν in Luke 18:7 by “to delay or tarry” which is based on the LXX Version of Sir 35:19. He rightly draws attention to the fact that in that verse µακρουµεν is used to translate the hithpael of which refers to “restraining or controlling oneself.” Unfortunately he does not try to interpret Luke 18:7 along that line. The present article offers a supplement to his article with an interpretation of verse 7 that solves a grammatical problem and fits in perfectly with the context of Luke 18:1-8.