bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESBL, AmpC und Carbapenemasen: Vorkommen, Verbreitung und Diagnostik β-Lactamase-bildender Gram-negativer Krankheitserreger / ESBL, AmpC and carbapenemases: emergence, dissemination and diagnostics of β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative pathogens
Authors: Pfeifer Yvonne 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die Zunahme der β-Lactamresistenz bei Gram-negativen Erregern von Krankenhausinfektionen ist überwiegend auf die Bildung von β-Lactamasen zurückzuführen. An neuentwickelte β-Lactame passen sich die Bakterien durch Modifizierung dieser Enzyme oder Erwerb neuer β-Lactamasen schnell an. Heute ist eine Vielzahl verschiedener β-Lactamasen mit vielfältigen Wirkspektren bekannt, wobei einige in der Lage sind selbst moderne β-Lactame, wie die Carbapeneme, zu hydrolysieren. Die Lokalisation der β-Lactamase-Gene innerhalb mobiler genetischer Elemente ermöglicht die schnelle Weiterverbreitung der Resistenz sowohl innerhalb einer Spezies als auch zwischen den verschiedenen Gram-negativen Spezies. Das wiederum begünstigt die Entstehung multiresistenter Erreger (MRE), deren Resistenzspektrum die Grenzen der therapeutischen Möglichkeiten erreicht. Am Robert Koch Institut in Wernigerode wird im Rahmen des ARS-Projektes (Antibiotikaresistenz Surveillance Deutschland) die β-Lactamase-Bildung Cephalosporin- und Carbapenem-resistenter Enterobacteriaceae und Nonfermenter mittels molekularer Methoden untersucht. Ziel ist die Beschreibung der Häufigkeit und der Verbreitungswege relevanter β-Lactamasen sowie die frühzeitige Erkennung und Überwachung neuer Resistenzdeterminanten und multiresistenter nosokomialer Erreger.
Spezifische Immuntherapie und Vakzination als Störfaktoren in der serologischen Diagnostik / Immunotherapy and vaccination: interfering factors in serological diagnostics
Authors: Reinheimer Claudia , Doerr Hans Wilhelm 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung
Qualitative und quantitative serologische Verfahren können durch Interferenzen gestört sein. Wir konnten in einem exemplarischen Fall anhand des Influenza A/H1N1v-Hämagglutinationshemmtests (H1N1-HHT) zeigen, dass auch Hyposensibilisierungstherapie und Vakzination zu Interaktionen in der serologischen Diagnostik führen und die Aussagekraft des H1N1-HHT massiv beeinträchtigen. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass Hyposensibilisierung und Vakzination im Klinik- und Praxisalltag häufig erbrachte Leistungen darstellen, erscheint dieser Umstand berichtenswert.
Treatment for Advanced and Recurrent Endometrial Carcinoma: Combined Modalities
Authors: Rauh-Hain J. Alejandro , Carmen Marcela G. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the role of radiation therapy for advanced stage endometrial cancer in order to differentiate between patients who should receive only radiation therapy and patients requiring surgery and/or chemotherapy in addition to radiation.Evaluate the role of surgery for stage IV and recurrent endometrial cancer in order to select patients most likely to benefit from cytoreductive surgery.Evaluate the role of chemotherapy, particularly in conjunction with radiotherapy, in advanced stage endometrial carcinoma and select appropriate candidates for multimodality therapy.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Women with recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer constitute a heterogeneous group of patients. Depending on previous treatment, women with recurrent endometrial cancer may be appropriate candidates for surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, or chemotherapy. Women with advanced stage disease at presentation may also be appropriate candidates for systemic and local therapies. We review the treatment options available to treat recurrent and locally advanced endometrial cancer.
Treatment choice depends largely on the localization of disease, the patient's performance status and previous treatment history, as well the tumor's hormonal receptor status. Radiation therapy is appropriate for isolated vaginal recurrences in patients with no previous history of radiation therapy. Patients with recurrent low-grade tumors overexpressing estrogen and progesterone receptors may be treated with progestin therapy. Systemic therapy is appropriate for patients with disseminate recurrences or advanced stage disease at presentation, or for those with receptor-negative tumors. We review all these different treatment strategies available to patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer.
Medical Technology and the U.S. Healthcare System: Is This the Road to Abilene?
Authors: Sheingold Steven , Sheingold Brenda Helen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe conventional wisdom that Americans are unwilling to discuss limits to healthcare resources or tolerate any restrictions on treatment choices presents a formidable barrier to implementing policies that would reduce healthcare cost growth. Typical explanations for the conventional wisdom are plentiful, but not entirely useful in providing guidance for appropriate policy responses. In this paper, we analyze an organizational theory known as the Abilene Paradox to explain the lack of public engagement and the paucity of research concerning public values and preferences on difficult healthcare issues such as the use of medical technology. The analysis suggests that one strategy for improving policymaking would be to expand on recent research efforts concerning public participation in decisions about medical technology. These efforts demonstrate that when structured, deliberative methods are employed, members of the public are both willing and able to engage as social decision makers for allocating limited resources.
Developing an Instrument for Measuring Human Dignity and Its Relationship to Health in Palestinian Refugees
Authors: Khatib Rasha , Armenian Haroutune 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study was conducted in an attempt to asses a recently developed instrument to measure dignity and examine how it affects health status. In this study it was expected that those who scored lower on this dignity scale (under development) were more likely to also have lower health status. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted during the month of July, 2006, among 404 adult Palestinian refugees to examine the association between dignity and health. Health was assessed using the SF‐36 questionnaire. Dignity was assessed using an instrument consisting of four themes; autonomy, self‐respect, worthiness, and self‐esteem. Results show a positive association between health and dignity levels. Four of the models assessed physical health; of them, role limitation due to physical health, pain, and general health appear to statistically significantly improve per one unit improvement in dignity scores (OR = 1.045, 1.068, and 1.104, respectively, with p‐values <0.001). Four other models assessed mental health; of those, energy/fatigue and emotional problems appear to statistically significantly improve per unit increase in dignity scores (OR = 1.094, 1.066, respectively, with p‐values <0.001).
Chemical conjugation of biomacromolecules: A mini-review
Authors: Farkaš Pavol , Bystrický Slavomír 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBiological studies showed that assembles of biomolecules can dramatically change their physiological effectiveness. Covalent coupling of different types of biomolecules leads to novel biomacromolecules of different properties. Generally, bioconjugate chemistry opens a new dimension in biomedical and biotechnology research. In this review, some important chemical methods of bioconjugates preparation used in the practice are described. Proteins and saccharides modification methods and employment of linkers used to achieve new functionalities are discussed. Common bioconjugation methods are emphasized and novel methods from recent years are described. Except in chemistry, benefits and limits of the studied methods are outlined.
Sport and Physical Activities in the Czech Republic
Authors: Sekot Aleš 
Published: July 2010

Sport and Physical Activities in the Czech RepublicThe situation on the field of physical/sportive activities in Czech Republic has been affected in the course of recent decades with fundamental political, economical and cultural changes of transforming society and general situation of workforce in context of sedentary society in particular. To contribute to increasing knowledge of the present-day position of sport in the Czech Republic means to search the relevant relations of municipalities and their policies to various levels of sport. To discuss the situation of sport includes describing the present position and role of sport activities in different societal and demografic parts of society too. From the perspective of the situation in sport delivery at the municipal level it must be borne in mind that there are diverse voluntary sports organizations in existence within the municipality, and, naturally, there is also the private sector. Underlying health determinants of a socioeconomic nature play a major role in causing vulnerability to health risks, including obesity as relevant negative reflection of passive way of life. Representative documents retrieved on national and school policies reflected by findings of the PREVOB Project confirmed mutually dependent and interconnected topical issues like nutrition policy and physical activity policy. The phenomenon of physical/sportive activity is connected with lifestyle behaviours. The most critical policy area on physical/sportive activity is the sole fact of sedentary nature of contemporary society: a very high level of prestige of sport and sportive activities in Czech society is incompatible with a very low level of practical regular physical or sport activities.
Combined evaluation of myocardial perfusion and coronary morphology in the identification of subclinical CAD
Authors: Vincenti G. , Quercioli A. , Zaidi H. , Nkoulou R. , Dewarrat S. , Rager O. , Ambrosio G. , Seimbille Y. , Mach F. , Ratib O. , Schindler T. H. 
Published: July 2010

Summary
Purpose: To evaluate the mean effective radiation dose of 13N-ammonia PET/CT and ECGpulsing CT angiography (CTA) in the evaluation of myocardial perfusion, myocardial blood flow (MBF) and coronary morphology for the identification of subclinical CAD. Patients, material, methods: Following rest-stress 13N-ammonia PET/CT perfusion imaging and MBF quantification, ECG-pulsing CTA at a pulse window of 70% of the R-R cycle was performed in ten healthy controls and in sixteen individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. Individual radiation dose exposure for ECG-pulsing CTA was estimated from the dose-length product. Results: PET demonstrated normal perfusion in all study individuals, while hyperemic MBFs during dipyridamole stimulation and the myocardial flow reserve (MFR) in cardiovascular risk individuals were significantly lower than in healthy controls (1.34 ± 0.26 vs. 2.28 ± 0.47 ml/g/min and 1.48 ± 0.39 vs. 3.24 ± 0.81, both p . 0.0001). Further, ECG-pulsing CTA identified mild calcified and non-calcified coronary plaque burden in 7 (43%) individuals of the cardiovascular risk group. Rest-stress 13N-ammonia PET/CT perfusion study yielded a mean effective radiation dose of 3.07 ± 0.06 mSv (2.07 ± 0.06 mSv from the rest-stress 13N-ammonia injections and 1.0 mSv from the 2 CT transmission scans), while ECG-pulsing CTA was associated with 5.57 ± 2.00 mSv. The mean effective radiation dose of the combined 13N-ammonia PET/CT and ECG-pulsing CTA exams in the evaluation of myocardial perfusion and coronary morphology was 8.0 ± 1.5 mSv. Conclusion: 13N-ammonia PET/CT and ECG-pulsing CTA affords cardiac hybrid imaging studies in the evaluation of subclinical CAD with a relatively low mean effective radiation exposure of 8.0 ± 1.5mSv.
Biomorphic Silicon Carbide Coated with an Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite/Collagen as Biomimetic Bone Filler and Scaffold
Authors: Lelli M. , Foltran I. , Foresti E. , Martinez‐Fernandez J. , Torres‐Raya C. , Varela‐Feria F. M. , Roveri N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe paper describes the method of preparation and chemical/physical characterization of a new biomaterial to be used as a bone substitute and bone‐tissue engineering scaffold, which synergistically joins a porous bio‐inspired morphology and the mechanical properties of biomorphic silicon carbide (BioSiC) with the surface bioactivity of a nanostructured hydroxyapatite/collagen biomimetic coating. FT‐IR spectroscopy and XRD techniques are utilized to determine the chemical coating's composition. The morphology and size of the inorganic and protein components are investigated by TEM. The characteristic morphology of BioSiC channels and pores, which differ as a function of the transversal or longitudinal cross‐section and with etching time, are investigated by SEM. Natural wood transformed into BioSiC acts as a cathode in an electrochemically assisted process that produces on its surface a biomimetic coating of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and reconstituted type I collagen fibrils, producing an innovative apatite/collagen biomimetic porous bone filler and scaffold for tissue engineering.
An Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study of Bioactive Phosphate Glasses
Authors: Tang Emilia , Di Tommaso Devis , de Leeuw Nora H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFirst principles molecular dynamics simulations of ternary phosphate‐based glasses P2O5CaONa2O (PBGs) have been carried out in order to provide an accurate description of the local structure and properties of these important materials for biomedical applications. The structures of PBGs with compositions (P2O5)0.45(CaO)x(Na2O)0.55 − x (x = 0.30, 0.35, and 0.40) were generated using a full ab initio molecular dynamics melt‐and‐quench procedure. The analysis of the structure of the glasses at 300 K shows the prevalence of the metaphosphate Q2 and pyrophosphate Q1 species, whereas the number of Q3 units, which constitute the three‐dimensional phosphate network, significantly decreases with the increase in calcium content in the glass. Calculation of the pair and angular distribution functions suggests that the rigidity of the phosphate tetrahedral glass network increases with the concentration of calcium, an observation which is interpreted in terms of the tendency of Ca2+ to be a stronger coordinator than sodium.
Conjugated‐Polymer‐Based Lateral Heterostructures Defined by High‐Resolution Photolithography
Authors: Chang Jui‐Fen , Gwinner Michael C. , Caironi Mario , Sakanoue Tomo , Sirringhaus Henning 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSolution processing of polymer semiconductors provides a new paradigm for large‐area electronics manufacturing on flexible substrates, but it also severely restricts the realization of interesting advanced device architectures, such as lateral heterostructures with defined interfaces, which are easily accessible with inorganic materials using photolithography. This is because polymer semiconductors degrade, swell, or dissolve during conventional photoresist processing. Here a versatile, high‐resolution photolithographic method is demonstrated for patterning of polymer semiconductors and exemplify this with high‐performance p‐type and n‐type field‐effect transistors (FETs) in both bottom‐ and top‐gate architectures, as well as ambipolar light‐emitting field‐effect transistors (LEFETs), in which the recombination zone can be pinned at a photolithographically defined lateral heterojunction between two semiconducting polymers. The technique therefore enables the realization of a broad range of novel device architectures while retaining optimum materials performance.
Polymer Scaffolds for Small‐Diameter Vascular Tissue Engineering
Authors: Ma Haiyun , Hu Jiang , Ma Peter X. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTo better engineer small‐diameter blood vessels, a few types of novel scaffolds are fabricated from biodegradable poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) by means of thermally induced phase‐separation (TIPS) techniques. By utilizing the differences in thermal conductivities of the mold materials and using benzene as the solvent scaffolds with oriented gradient microtubular structures in the axial or radial direction can be created. The porosity, tubular size, and the orientational direction of the microtubules can be controlled by the polymer concentration, the TIPS temperature, and by utilizing materials of different thermal conductivities. These gradient microtubular structures facilitate cell seeding and mass transfer for cell growth and function. Nanofibrous scaffolds with an oriented and interconnected microtubular pore network are also developed by a one‐step TIPS method using a benzene/tetrahydrofuran mixture as the solvent without the need for porogen materials. The structural features of such scaffolds can be conveniently adjusted by varying the solvent ratio, phase‐separation temperature, and polymer concentration to mimic the nanofibrous features of an extracellular matrix. These scaffolds were fabricated for the tissue engineering of small‐diameter blood vessels by utilizing their advantageous structural features to facilitate blood‐vessel regeneration.
BioMOFs: Metal–Organic Frameworks for Biological and Medical Applications
Authors: McKinlay Alistair C. , Morris Russell E. , Horcajada Patricia , Férey Gérard , Gref Ruxandra , Couvreur Patrick , Serre Christian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe class of highly porous materials called metal–organic frameworks offer many opportunities for applications across biology and medicine. Their wide range of chemical composition makes toxicologically acceptable formulation possible, and their high level of functionality enables possible applications as imaging agents and as delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents. The challenges in the area encompass not only the development of new solids but also improvements in the formulation and processing of the materials, including tailoring the morphology and surface chemistry of the frameworks to fit the proposed applications.
Carbon Dioxide Capture: Prospects for New Materials
Authors: D'Alessandro Deanna M. , Smit Berend , Long Jeffrey R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe escalating level of atmospheric carbon dioxide is one of the most pressing environmental concerns of our age. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) from large point sources such as power plants is one option for reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions; however, currently the capture alone will increase the energy requirements of a plant by 25–40 %. This Review highlights the challenges for capture technologies which have the greatest likelihood of reducing CO2 emissions to the atmosphere, namely postcombustion (predominantly CO2/N2 separation), precombustion (CO2/H2) capture, and natural gas sweetening (CO2/CH4). The key factor which underlies significant advancements lies in improved materials that perform the separations. In this regard, the most recent developments and emerging concepts in CO2 separations by solvent absorption, chemical and physical adsorption, and membranes, amongst others, will be discussed, with particular attention on progress in the burgeoning field of metal–organic frameworks.
Effect of cooling rate on the partition of heavy and alkali metals during waste incineration
Authors: Han Jun , Qing Linbo , Xu Minghou , Yao Hong , Furuuchi Masami , Hata Mitsuhiko 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe cooling rate is the most important factor affecting the partition of vapor metallic compounds in the downstream of waste incinerator. In this work, an experiment was performed in a bench‐scale incinerator to reveal the relationship between the cooling rate and the partition of heavy and alkali metals. Experimental results showed that the increase in cooling rate had a negative effect on the capture of heavy and alkali metals by silica filter in the temperature range of 26–160 °C/s. The higher cooling rate results in the formation of smaller particles, which are not easy to be captured by the silica filter. The optimum cooling rate for Cu gas–solid transformation was about 53.3 °C/s in the temperature range of 600–800 °C, and that for Na and K were 26.67 and 26.67 °C/s, respectively. The morphology observed by scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive using X‐ray (SEM‐EDX) confirmed that a large amount of vapor mineral matter or metals were transformed into solid or liquid phase by nucleation or condensation on the surface of the particles in the second and third filters. Moreover, the mass fraction of Pb in the second filter was as high as 37.0%, which means that the recovery of heavy and alkali metals by the multi‐section filter system is feasible. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of inclined magnetic field on peristaltic flow of a Jeffrey fluid with heat and mass transfer in an inclined symmetric or asymmetric channel
Authors: Nadeem S. , Akram Safia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article, we have investigated the peristaltic flow of a Jeffrey fluid with heat and mass transfer under the influence of inclined magnetic field in an inclined symmetric or asymmetric channel. The dissipation term in the energy equation is also taken into account. The governing equations are transformed from moving to fixed frame of reference and the resulting equations have then been simplified using the assumptions of long wavelength and low but finite Reynolds number approximation. The reduced equations have been solved numerically by Adomian decomposition method and the exact solutions have also been computed for stream function, temperature and concentration. The expression for pressure rise is computed numerically. Lastly, the physical features of various parameters have been discussed through graphs. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics study of LDPE/MWCNT nanocomposites: Effect of aspect ratio and surface modification
Authors: Abbasi Sarfraz H. , Hussein Ibnelwaleed A. , Parvez M. Anwar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article, the effect of aspect ratio and chemical modification of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of LDPE/MWCNT nanocomposites was studied. Nine different samples were prepared using different MWCNT to study both effects. The cooling rate (R) was varied in the range 2–10°C/min. In this article, the effect of CNT loading, surface modification, and aspect ratio were studied. For the same MWCNT concentration, aspect ratio and COOH modification had weak influence on both the peak crystallization temperature and the crystallization onset temperature. However, the crystallization onset temperature was significantly affected by the amount of MWCNT. The rate parameters in the modified Avrami method and Mo method [F(T)] of analyses show a very good fit of data. The Vyazovkin and Sbirrazzuoli method of analysis, which is based on Hoffman–Lauritzen theory for secondary crystallization, was also used. Temperature dependency of activation energy was obtained for 30–75% relative crystallinity of the produced nanocomposites. Activation energy based on calculations of Hoffman‐Lauritzen theory showed a decrease with the increase in the concentration of MWCNT and crystallization temperature. A proposed model of the form E = a exp (‐bXT) which relates the activation energy, E, to relative crystallinity, X, and crystallization temperature, T, was able to fit the whole set of data. Incorporation of MWCNT in nanocomposites lowers the activation energy; hence enhances the initial crystallization process as suggested by the different methods of data analyses. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011