bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Impact of Fuel on Surfactant Microstructure of Firefighting Foam
Authors: Islam Rezawana , Lattimer Brian Y. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAqueous film-forming foam is being phased out due to the environmental impacts of fluorinated surfactants contained in the firefighting foams. To develop an environmentally friendly firefighting foam, it is important to understand the factors controlling the firefighting performance of surfactants. Fuel transport through foam has been considered as a dominant mechanism for foam collapse. Therefore, the impact of fuels (heptane, octane and trimethylbenzene (TMB)) on surfactant microstructure was studied for three different types of surfactants (Capstone, Glucopon, and siloxane) that have applications in firefighting foam. Multiple techniques were used to identify the microstructure and interfacial properties of surfactants with and without exposure to liquid fuel. The ignition time of fuel vapor through foam and solubility of fuel through liquid surfactant solution were measured as well. This work shows fuel solubility has an impact on the surfactant microstructure and interfacial properties. In addition, fuel solubility and vapor pressure affect the ignition time of fuel vapors.
Spatial and temporal variation of Nuphar lutea pigment content in small boreal lakes: effect of water colour and phosphorus concentration
Authors: Rajala Salla , Estlander Satu , Nurminen Leena , Horppila Jukka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe spatial and temporal variation of Nuphar lutea chlorophyll content was studied in 12 small lakes in Finland to clarify the bioindicator potential of N. lutea chlorophyll content for monitoring lake brownification. Significant in-lake variation in water colour and total phosphorus concentration was observed in a few study lakes. At highest, the in-lake variation for water colour was 13% and for total phosphorus concentration 27%. However, the in-lake variation in water quality did not coincide with significant in-lake variation of N. lutea chlorophyll content. The total chlorophyll concentration (chlorophyll a + b) varied in a few lakes, but the chlorophyll a and b ratio (chlorophyll a:b) did not change within the lakes. The chlorophyll a:b, however, varied between lakes and decreased significantly with increasing water colour and total phosphorus concentration in Nuphar lutea individuals collected near the lake outflow. The chlorophyll content of N. lutea did not show significant temporal variation during the one-week sampling period despite variable weather conditions. Chlorophyll a:b of N. lutea seems to be a possible bioindicator for monitoring brownification, as it can differentiate lakes from each other based on a small difference in water colour but does not react to short-term in-lake variations in the water quality.
Government consumption in the DINA framework: allocation methods and consequences for post-tax income inequality
Authors: Riedel Lukas , Stichnoth Holger 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAbout half of government expenditure in the United States takes the form of government consumption (e.g., education, defense, infrastructure). In many studies of post-tax inequality based on the Dina framework (including the influential study by Piketty et al. (Q J Econ 133(2):553–609, 2018), government consumption is allocated either proportionally to post-tax disposable income or on a per-capita basis, and the level of inequality is fairly sensitive to this choice. This paper provides direct evidence on how public education spending (a substantial part of government consumption) is actually distributed. An allocation proportional to post-tax disposable income is clearly rejected, while a lump-sum allocation is found to provide a good approximation.
Effects of Changes in Frequency of Going Out during the COVID-19 Pandemic on ikigai (Sense of Purpose in Life) and Mental Health in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Takeshi , Tanabe Kai , Tsukao Akiko , Kuno Shinya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo clarify whether changes in frequency of going out due to the COVID-19 pandemic affect ikigai (sense of purpose in life) and mental health in Japanese middle-aged and older adults. In a questionnaire survey mailed to 16,866 adults aged > 40 years in Japan in September 2020, 7,973 responses were received (response rate, 47.3%) in October 2020. Following exclusions, data from 6,978 individuals (50.6% female, mean age 67.8 ± 12.2 years) were available for analysis. Respondents were categorized based on changes in frequency of going out, reflecting changes in social and/or physical activity, during the pandemic compared with before it: the previously active group went out often before but less often during the pandemic; the remained active group continued going out often; and the inactive group continued not going out often. Whether these changes affected the respondents’ ikigai and mental health was investigated. The previously active group had a significantly higher proportion of individuals with decreased ikigai during the pandemic than the other groups. Mental health score decreased in all groups during the pandemic, but more so in the previously active group (-3.21), followed by the inactive and then the remained active groups (-1.45 and -1.28, respectively). Previously active individuals showed the greatest decline in ikigai and mental health among the three groups. These findings suggest that continuing to engage in appropriate physical and social activities, including going out, while following appropriate infection control measures, even under restrictions, can help people maintain ikigai and mental health.
Money Talks: Testing a Series of Financial Literacy Modules to Encourage Financial Conversations in Middle School Families
Authors: Alvarez Padilla Yesenia , Loibl Cäzilia , Boone Barbara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe financial conversations parents/caregivers have with their children play a pivotal role in their financial development. Yet, little is known about strategies or interventions to promote these financial conversations. Focusing on parents/caregivers of middle school students in a Midwestern state, this exploratory study investigated the experiences of parents/caregivers who engage in financial conversations with their middle schoolers. We developed and tested “Money Talks”, an online series of financial literacy modules to enhance parent–child financial conversations. Using qualitative interview data of 10 parents/caregivers as well as baseline, module, and follow-up survey data of up to 318 parents/caregivers, we examined the predictors of financial conversations and the impact of the modules on increasing both frequency and parents’ confidence for engaging in financial conversations. Five key financial conversation topics emerged from parent/caregiver interviews including spending, banking, saving/investing, credit/debt, and financial decision-making. In surveys, confidence about financial topics emerged as the most important predictor of financial conversations. The follow-up survey results point to a greater amount of time spent on financial conversations rather than more frequent conversations and demonstrate that the modules were most effective in “Starting a conversation” with their middle schooler. Future research should experiment with different online and offline approaches for engaging parents/caregivers in financial conversations with their children and promoting other financial socialization methods such as financial modeling and experiential learning.
In situ analyses of crystallization behavior of 1,2,3-tripalmitoyl glycerol under static and dynamic thermal conditions
Authors: Bayés-García Laura , Macridachis Jorge , Calvet Teresa , Sato Kiyotaka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe crystallization behavior of 1,2,3-tripalmitoyl glycerol or PPP using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-optical polarized light microscopy and in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) techniques was precisely examined under static isothermal and dynamic thermal treatments, and the results were compared with preceding studies. PPP was rapidly (15 °C min−1) cooled to target temperatures (from 40 to 59 °C) to determine the precise moment at which crystallization was initiated. Once crystallization ceased, polymorphic transformation and melting were analyzed during subsequent heating. α form was crystallized during isotherms from 40 to 46 °C, temperature at which it coexisted with β′ phase. The latter was solely formed from 47 to 53 °C, and polymorphic crystallization was directed to obtain exclusively most stable β at 54 °C and higher temperatures. Nucleation time values for the α, β′ and β polymorphs exhibited exponential growth type, and a good correlation was found between data obtained by DSC and SR-XRD. Dynamic experiments were based on the use of high (15 °C min−1), intermediate (2 °C min−1) and low (0.5 and 0.1 °C min−1) cooling and heating rates. Thermo-optical polarized light microscopy experiments also provided valuable information on microstructural changes occurring during polymorphic modifications. Less stable forms predominated at high cooling rates, whereas lower velocities leaded the polymorphic crystallization to obtain more stable forms.
Making things specific: towards an anthropology of everyday ethics in healthcare
Authors: Pols Jeannette 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper is the English translation and adaptation of my inaugural lecture in Amsterdam for the Chair Anthropology of Everyday Ethics in Health Care. I argue that the challenges in health care may look daunting and unsolvable in their scale and complexity, but that it helps to consider these problems in their specificity, while accepting that some problems may not be solved but have become chronic. The paper provides reflections on how to develop a scientific approach that does not aim to eradicate bad things but explores ways in which to live with them. Crucial in this quest is the attention to how we conceptualize problems, and whether this is specific enough for addressing present day concerns. I propose an anthropology of everyday ethics as a way to study people’s everyday ways of handling a variety of goods in practice. I draw specific attention to exploring aesthetic values in everyday life amongst these, values that are used abundantly to qualify events in everyday life but rarely theorized in philosophy or social science.
Flood resilience: a review of evolving definitions
Authors: Laidlaw Sophie , Percival Sarah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFlooding is one of the most complicated and prolific natural hazards that communities face. Added to this, more people will be affected by this hazard than any other in the future. Within recent years, there has been a notable shift in flood risk management from risk-based approaches to resilience-based. Considered a novel and necessary approach, yet no single definition of flood resilience exists. Leading to confusion surrounding the applicability of the concept. A systematic review of flood resilience definitions was hence conducted, covering a 5-year period from 2017 to 2021, resulting in 65 papers, supplemented by a narrative review (to include papers outside of the scope of the study), which added a further 11 papers. Results indicated that whilst there is no singular definition for flood resilience, there are similarities between definitions through the use of synonymous language. Whilst there is evidence of these definitions evolving over time, there is still confusion over the definition. Further research is required to further comprehend the definitions of resilience, helping to develop the use of resilience within flood sciences and corresponding flood risk management practices.
Century-long recovery of mycorrhizal interactions in European beech forests after mining
Authors: Rodríguez-Uña Asun , Salcedo Isabel , Rodríguez-Echeverría Susana , Moreno-Mateos David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
Ecological restoration strategies are emerging globally to counteract biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation. However, restored ecosystems may not reach undisturbed biodiversity and functionality. One reason of this limited success may be a focus on short-term recovery of diversity, composition, or isolated functions. These simplified metrics may underestimate the real time ecosystems need to recover. Thus, studies of more complex metrics, like biotic interactions, at larger timescales, are essential to understand ecosystem recovery.

Methods
Using molecular identification, we assessed the recovery of the interactions between ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in two opencast iron mines in use since the fourteenth century and abandoned over 107 and 148 years.

Results
Species richness, species diversity, Basidiomycota/Ascomycota abundance ratio and taxonomic distinctness of EcM fungi recovered to undisturbed values, whereas species composition was still different. Certain fungal functional traits (i.e. exploration and sporocarp types) also reached undisturbed values. Differences in soil pH and NH4+ affected the composition of the EcM communities associated with beech, suggesting that mining caused a long-term impact in soil biogeochemistry, that directly impacted beech-EcM interactions.

Conclusion
Mycorrhizal interactions require more than 150 years to recover following mining. Contrary to the rapid recovery response provided by simple metrics like species richness, recovery metrics with more ecological information, like the identity of plant-EcM interactions, may be still capturing signals of incomplete recovery.
Teaching as part of open scholarship: developing a scientometric framework for Open Educational Resources
Authors: Kullmann Sylvia , Weimer Verena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractScientometric assessments of Open Educational Resources (OER) offer a way to quantitatively represent teaching in higher education through openly available and accessible artefacts. They could serve science policy monitoring and lead to greater visibility of higher education teaching in a recognition and reward system. In this context, we discuss possible statistics for OER. In a pre-study, a first version of OER indicators was discussed in three focus groups. The findings of these discussions were incorporated into the creation of a more comprehensive second version of a framework for OER statistics, which was evaluated in detail in six expert interviews. After incorporating changes as a result of the evaluation, a third version of the framework for OER statistics emerged that enables scientometric measurements of OER, while considering the common criticisms of scientometric measurements. The framework comprises an individual level, which recognizes all OER created by an individual, and an institutional level, which serves to quantify OER created by an institution. At the individual level, productivity, cooperation, resonance, openness, altmetric and transfer indicators are available. In addition, we record dichotomously whether an OER certification exists. At the institutional level, additional support indicators are proposed to recognize achievements in the development and maintenance of OER-promoting structures at institutional level.
New fractional classifications of papers based on two generations of references and on the ASJC scopus scheme
Authors: Álvarez-Llorente Jesús M. , Guerrero-Bote Vicente P. , de Moya-Anegón Félix 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents and evaluates a set of methods to classify individual Scopus publications using their references back to the second generation, where each publication can be assigned fractionally into up to five ASJC (All Science Journal Classifications) categories, excluding the Multidisciplinary area and the miscellaneous categories. Based on proposals by Glänzel et al. (Glänzel et al., Scientometrics 44:427–439, 1999a, Glänzel et al., Scientometrics 46:431–441, 1999b, Glänzel, W., Thijs, B., & Huang, Y. (2021). Improving the precision of subject assignment for disparity measurement in studies of interdisciplinary research. In: W. Glänzel, S. Heeffer, PS. Chi, R. Rousseau (eds), Proceedings of the 18th International Conference of the International Society of Scientometrics and Informetrics (ISSI 2021), Leuven University Press, pp. 453–464. https://kuleuven.limo.libis.be/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=lirias3394551&context=SearchWebhook&vid=32KUL_KUL:Lirias&search_scope=lirias_profile&tab=LIRIAS&adaptor=SearchWebhook&lang=en), some additional parameters are established that allow different results to be obtained depending on how category membership is weighted or how the acceptance thresholds for multiple assignments are established. Various classifications are obtained, and then compared with each other, with the original ASJC Scopus journal classification, and with the AAC (Author’s Assignation Collection) classification of a previous study (Álvarez-Llorente et al., Álvarez-Llorente et al., Profesional de la Información, 2023) in which the papers’ corresponding authors assign them the most appropriate categories. Classifications in which a high threshold is set for allowing assignments to multiple categories, combined with the use of first- and second-generation references and averaging over the number of references, provide the most promising results, improving over other reference-based reclassification proposals in terms of granularity, and over the Scopus classification itself in such aspects as the homogeneity of the publications assigned to a category. They also show greater coincidence with the AAC classification.
Gaitdlf: global and local fusion for skeleton-based gait recognition in the wild
Authors: Wei Siwei , Liu Weijie , Wei Feifei , Wang Chunzhi , Xiong Neal N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA new trend in long-range biometrics, gait recognition, is finding application in a number of different fields including video surveillance. Recently, with the increase in robustness of the pose estimator and the presence of various unpredictable factors in realistic gait recognition, skeleton-based methods with higher robustness have emerged to better meet the challenging gait recognition needs. However, existing approaches primarily focus on extracting global skeletal features, neglecting the intricate motion information of local body parts and overlooking inter-limb relationships. Our solution to these challenges is the dynamic local fusion network (GaitDLF), a novel gait neural network for complex environments that includes a detail-aware stream in addition to the previous direct extraction of global skeleton features, which provides an enhanced representation of gait features. To extract discriminative local motion information, we introduce predefined body part assignments for each joint in the skeletal structure. By segmenting and mapping the overall skeleton based on these limb site divisions, limb-level motion features can be obtained. In addition, we will dynamically fuse the motion features from different limbs and enhance the motion feature representation of each limb by global context information and local context information of the limb-level motion features. The ability to extract gait features between individuals can be improved by aggregating local motion features from different body parts. Based on experiments on CASIA-B, Gait3D, and GREW, we show that our model extracts more comprehensive gait features than the state-of-the-art skeleton-based method, demonstrating that our method is better suited to detecting gait in complex environments in the wild than the appearance-based method.
Effects of nitrogen deficiency and drought stresses on miRNA expressions in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Yaşar Seda , Pulat Elif , Çakır Özgür 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicroRNAs are now known to have an important role in regulating gene expression of eukaryotic organisms. miRNA research in plants gained importance after the discovery that several stress factors alter certain miRNA expressions, which subsequently regulate their target gene expressions and affect development and growth of plants. In this study, two of the widely studied abiotic stress conditions for plants, nitrogen deficiency and drought were used individually and as a combined stress treatment on Arabidopsis thaliana callus tissues to observe the change of expressions in certain miRNAs, when multiple stressors are encountered. Combined stress strongly inhibited callus growth compared to other conditions, while strongly altering certain miRNA expressions. Compared to control, in 7-day stress treated callus, miR165a-3p,b, miR319a,b, miR396b-5p, miR399d and miR827 showed significant downregulation for all stress treatments, while 7-day N deficiency caused miR167 upregulation. Stress treatments for 7 days mostly downregulated miR167c-5p, miR319c, miR399a, miR399e expressions except for the N deficient samples. After 14 days of stress, miR165a-3p,b, miR396a-5p, miR399b, miR399d were downregulated. During 14-day drought and combined stress, miR399a and miR396b-5p expressions were upregulated, respectively. The differences observed in this study between stress responses of 7 and 14-day-long treatments are believed to be valuable to further elucidate the associated molecular mechanisms of miRNAs, determination and validation of miRNA targets, and how plants respond to stress conditions via various genetic regulations.
Assessment of Societal Health Risks: Spatial Distribution and Potential Hazards of Toxic Metals in Street Dust Across Diverse Communities
Authors: Isinkaralar Oznur , Isinkaralar Kaan , Ambade Balram 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOn a global scale, the urban design of city centers is a topic of discussion concerning various aspects such development and its impact on public health. This research examines the health effects of urban agglomeration in city centers with compact, close development. In this work, the potentially toxic metals in street dust were studied by collecting and measuring street dust samples, measuring trace metal concentrations, and using index assessment, spatial analysis, correlation analysis, and health risk assessment models. Eskişehir, located in the part of Central Anatolia close to the Aegean region, west Türkiye, has been widely recognized as one of the most popular, known for having many narrow and old buildings in urban environments. The present paper investigates the atmospheric dust-related chemical speciation, urban environmental pollution, and human health risks in Eskişehir City by studying 66 dust samples collected at 11 points in the selected streets in August 2023. the study found that the concentrations of trace elements followed the order Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd > Cu. The primary source of these high levels is believed to be traffic-related contamination involving Cd, Pb, and Ni. The assessment of non-carcinogenic health risks has shown that the significant sources of potential toxic metals exposure for both children and adults are i) through ingestion and ii) dermal contact. The Hazard index (HI) for selected metals decreased in the order Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd > Cu for both children and adults without imposing possible non-carcinogenic risk (HI<1). On the contrary, Cr posed cancer risks above the safety threshold (> 10-4) through ingestion. Based on the available findings, Eskişehir still suffers from considerable environmental and ecological degradation and severe health risks due to street dust contamination. However, while high pollution was detected in the city center, where there is commercial land use, low values were observed in the region, rich with the water surface, bicycle paths, landscape design, and where traffic is slowed down.