bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical and optical properties of environmental friendly Li(1‐x)Smx/3NbO3 ceramics for high‐temperature energy storage applications
Authors: Satyarthi Satyendra Kumar , Singh Vishwa Pratap , Verma Harish , Singh Akhilesh Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research article delves into the synthesis and characterization of Li(1‐x)Sm(x/3)NbO3 ceramic, employing a high‐energy ball milling process. The investigation explores the incorporation of Sm3+ at the Li+1 site across a range of compositions (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05). Structural analysis, using x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld structural refinement, establishes that within the investigated composition range, no significant changes in the crystal structure are evident. The x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of oxygen vacancies as well as the stable oxidation state of different elements like O2−, Nb5+, Sm3+, and Li1+. At sintering temperature 1050°C, the average grain sizes vary approximately from 1.5 to 3.8 μm for different compositions with regular grain morphology. The UV‐Vis analysis reveals a noteworthy reduction in the band gap to 3.09 eV for the x = 0.01 composition. Photoluminescence studies exhibit distinct green, orange, and red bands, with the highest intensity observed for x = 0.01, showcasing promising optical properties. The dielectric permittivity of Sm‐substituted compositions surpasses the response of pure LiNbO3, demonstrating an increasing trend with temperature in the frequency range 100 Hz‐1 MHz intriguingly, no Curie temperature is observed up to 500°C for any composition. The polarization vs electric field hysteresis loop response highlights better polarization characteristics at the room temperature and maximum polarization is 0.66 μC/cm2 for the composition x = 0.05. The energy storage response of the developed compositions is investigated, which reveals a maximum efficiency of 46.64% for x = 0.04 in Li(1‐x)Sm(x/3)NbO3. The tunable optical properties, enhanced dielectric response, and notable energy efficiency of these high TC ceramics suggest their utility across diverse applications. These findings not only contribute to the understanding of functional ceramic materials but also pave the way for their optimized utilization in advanced technological applications, particularly in energy storage devices under nonambient conditions at high temperatures.
Exploring the instability in the food security due to nitrogen fertilizer regulatory policy
Authors: Tirgariseraji Mohammad , Nejadhashemi A. Pouyan , Jafari Yaghoob , Persson Tomas , Sabouni Mahmood Sabouhi , Mirzabaev Alisher , Nikouei Alireza , Froshani Naser Shahnoushi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe nitrogen regulatory policy (NRP) solution is introduced as a mitigation measure against environmental nitrogen losses and keeps food production in the Safe Operating Space of the Nitrogen Planetary Boundary. Meanwhile, scientific research shows that steps taken to reduce environmental harm can increase the unpredictability of calorie production from crops. This study sought to investigate the impact of NRP solutions on the level of risk of accessibility to calorie sources from domestic production, the variations in calorie sources by livestock and non‐livestock diet components, and the responses of different dietary preferences, namely, poor, medium, and rich livestock protein diets, against NRP solutions in the Zayandeh‐Rud River basin, Iran. We developed the aggregate household food security index (AHFSI) and combined it with outputs of crop simulation model to examine how changes in dietary energy supplies under three NRP scenarios—low, moderate, and high nitrogen fertilizer application—affect the stability of three regional dietary preferences. The comparison of NRP scenarios movements realized that increases (or decreases) in nitrogen fertilizer rates contradicted the stability in AHFSI. Additionally, a one‐unit change in the average calories from non‐livestock sources, such as wheat and potatoes, results in greater fluctuations in the standard deviations of produced calories compared to changes in meat and dairy production. We proposed that in order to prevent adverse effects of NRP solutions on food security, mitigation strategies addressing the NRP solution should be structured based on (i) regional heterogeneities, (ii) type of crops, that is, food and feed crops, (iii) the range of nitrogen rates movement; (iv) and the socioeconomic background related to dietary preferences or economic deciles of food expenditure.
Ameliorative effect of aqueous avocado seed extract against chromium‐induced oxidative stress and cellular damage in rabbit kidney
Authors: Okail Hanan A. , Anjum Sadia , Emam Nahed M. , Abdel‐Gaber Rewaida , Dkhil Mohamed A. , El‐Ashram Saeed , Ibrahim Mona A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe accumulation of chromium in renal tissues promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress, genomic and cellular harm, and ultimately necrotic and apoptotic cell death induced by free radicals. Hence, the utilization of antioxidant phytochemicals becomes crucial for cellular defense against oxidative damage. This study endeavors to explore the potential protective effects of an aqueous avocado seed extract (ASE) on rabbit kidneys exposed to chromium‐induced damage. Fifteen adult rabbits were distributed into three groups: Group 1 was kept as the control. The second and third groups received a daily dose of K2Cr2O7 (5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 2 weeks. While the third group was given an oral dose of ASE (400 mg/kg). In rabbits administered with Cr (VI), kidney homogenates showed a marked increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) (69.3 ± 4.1 nmol/g) along with a decrease in glutathione (59 ± 5.8 nmol/mg) content and the activity superoxide dismutase (SOD) (0.5 ± 0.05 U/mg protein), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (16.7 ± 1.1 μmol/mg protein), and catalase (CAT) (73.8 ± 3.9 U/g protein) compared to the levels in control group. Also, the gene expression data for the enzymes SOD, GPx, and CAT dropped dramatically in kidney tissue following Cr (VI) injection. Additionally, Bowman's capsule and glomerulus showed degenerative alterations in the kidney's histopathology and immunohistochemistry. ASE treatment when administered along with Cr (VI) enhanced the activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and improved histopathological conditions. The findings of this study unequivocally show that avocado seed extract, which is rich in phenolic derivatives, is a potent nephroprotective agent that inhibits nephrotoxicity induced by Cr (VI) in rabbits.
Sulforaphane and ophthalmic diseases
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Zhao Xiaojing , Liu Yang , Yang Xiuxia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSulforaphane (SFN) is an organosulfur compound categorized as an isothiocyanate (ITC), primarily extracted from cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cabbage. The molecular formula of sulforaphane (SFN) is C6H11NOS2. SFN is generated by the hydrolysis of glucoraphanin (GRP) through the enzyme myrosinase, showing notable properties including anti‐diabetic, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti‐angiogenic, and anticancer attributes. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating its potential in diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes‐related complications, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and liver diseases. Several animal carcinogenesis models and cell culture models have shown it to be a very effective chemopreventive agent, and the protective effects of SFN in ophthalmic diseases have been linked to multiple mechanisms. In murine models of diabetic retinopathy and age‐related macular degeneration, SFN delays retinal photoreceptor cell degeneration through the Nrf2 antioxidative pathway, NF‐κB pathway, AMPK pathway, and Txnip/mTOR pathway. In rabbit models of keratoconus and cataract, SFN has been shown to protect corneal and lens epithelial cells from oxidative stress injury by activating the Keap1‐Nrf2‐ARE pathway and the Nrf‐2/HO‐1 antioxidant pathway. Oral delivery or intraperitoneal injection at varying concentrations are the primary strategies for SFN intake in current preclinical studies. Challenges remain in the application of SFN in eye disorders due to its weak solubility in water and limited bioavailability because of the presence of blood–ocular barrier systems. This review comprehensively outlines recent research on SFN, elucidates its mechanisms of action, and discusses potential therapeutic benefits for eye disorders such as age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), cataracts, and other ophthalmic diseases, while also indicating directions for future clinical research to achieve efficient SFN treatment for ophthalmic diseases.
Effects of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba mill.) fruit extracts on oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of rodent studies
Authors: Zhu Di , Zhu Yu , Tan Hao , Ding Rui , Dai Qiangqiang , Du Xiaoming , Liu Yulin , Yue Rensong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit extracts on oxidative stress levels in rodent models. Animal studies meeting the inclusion criteria were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and VIP Periodical Service Platform. The Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk‐of‐bias tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included studies. A meta‐analysis was performed based on the guidelines provided in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (CHSRI) by using Stata 17.0 software. Nineteen studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Jujube fruit extracts significantly decreased the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px). Meanwhile, there was no significant improvement in the catalase (CAT) levels. In addition, there was considerable heterogeneity in the results of the meta‐analysis. The results of the subgroup analysis indicated that the animal model, type of extracts, and source of target parameters may have contributed to the heterogeneity. Jujube fruit extracts are healthy and effective antioxidant dietary supplements that may be an effective adjunctive therapy for diseases in which oxidative stress is a major pathological factor. However, the overall methodological quality of the included studies was low, and additional research is warranted.
Longitudinal microstructural alterations surrounding subcortical ischemic stroke lesions detected by free‐water imaging
Authors: Nägele Felix L. , Petersen Marvin , Mayer Carola , Bönstrup Marlene , Schulz Robert , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz , Cheng Bastian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study we explore the spatio‐temporal trajectory and clinical relevance of microstructural white matter changes within and beyond subcortical stroke lesions detected by free‐water imaging. Twenty‐seven patients with subcortical infarct with mean age of 66.73 (SD 11.57) and median initial NIHSS score of 4 (IQR 3–7) received diffusion MRI 3–5 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months after symptom‐onset. Extracellular free‐water and fractional anisotropy of the tissue (FAT) were averaged within stroke lesions and the surrounding tissue. Linear models showed increased free‐water and decreased FAT in the white matter of patients with subcortical stroke (lesion [free‐water/FAT, mean relative difference in %, ipsilesional vs. contralesional hemisphere at 3–5 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months after symptom‐onset]: +41/−34, +111/−37, +208/−26, +251/−18; perilesional tissue [range in %]: +[5–24]/−[0.2–7], +[2–20]/−[3–16], +[5–43]/−[2–16], +[10–110]/−[2–12]). Microstructural changes were most prominent within the lesion and gradually became less pronounced with increasing distance from the lesion. While free‐water elevations continuously increased over time and peaked after 12 months, FAT decreases were most evident 1 month post‐stroke, gradually returning to baseline values thereafter. Higher perilesional free‐water and higher lesional FAT at baseline were correlated with greater reductions in lesion size (rho = −0.51, p = .03) in unadjusted analyses only, while there were no associations with clinical measures. In summary, we find a characteristic spatio‐temporal pattern of extracellular and cellular alterations beyond subcortical stroke lesions, indicating a dynamic parenchymal response to ischemia characterized by vasogenic edema, cellular damage, and white matter atrophy.
Osteoporosis screening in Australian community pharmacies: A mixed methods study
Authors: Phuong Jonathan , Moles Rebekah , Mason Deborah , White Christopher , Center Jacqueline , Carter Stephen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIssues AddressedOsteoporosis and poor bone health impact a large proportion of the Australian population, but is drastically underdiagnosed and undertreated. Community pharmacies are a strategic location for osteoporosis screening services due to their accessibility and the demographic profile of customers. The aim of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a community pharmacy health promotion service centred on encouraging consumers to complete an anonymous osteoporosis screening survey called Know Your Bones.MethodsThe implementation process was documented using the REAIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance) framework. Uptake of the Know Your Bones screening tool was monitored anonymously with website traffic. Surveys and interviews were designed to capture consumer outcomes after screening. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with Australian community pharmacy stakeholders during design and implementation phases to explore their perspectives of the barriers and facilitators.ResultsThe service was implemented in 27 community pharmacies. There were 448 visits to the screening website. Interviews were conducted with 41 stakeholders. There were a range of factors that appeared to influence implementation of the service. Perceived acceptability was critical, which depended on staff training, pharmacists' altruism, and remuneration. Staff relied heavily on their existing close relationships with consumers. No consumers completed non‐anonymous surveys or agreed to participate in interviews post‐screening.ConclusionUsing an implementation science approach, a community pharmacy osteoporosis screening service for the Australian context was designed and found to be acceptable to pharmacy staff and effective in reaching the target population.So What?This low‐cost and non‐invasive health promotion has potential to sustainably increase national screening rates for osteoporosis.
mtDNA amplifies beryllium sulfate‐induced inflammatory responses via the cGAS‐STING pathway in 16HBE cells
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Jiang Tianyi , Jin Huiyun , Yan Chenxi , Tong Yuqi , Ding Jiaquan , Li Yaqi , Huang Lian , Zhang Zhaohui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBeryllium sulfate (BeSO4) can cause inflammation through the mechanism, which has not been elucidated. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a key contributor of inflammation. With mitochondrial damage, released mtDNA can bind to specific receptors (e.g., cGAS) and then activate related pathway to promote inflammatory responses. To investigate the mechanism of mtDNA in BeSO4‐induced inflammatory response in 16HBE cells, we established the BeSO4‐induced 16HBE cell inflammation model and the ethidium bromide (EB)‐induced ρ016HBE cell model to detect the mtDNA content, oxidative stress‐related markers, mitochondrial membrane potential, the expression of the cGAS‐STING pathway, and inflammation‐related factors. Our results showed that BeSO4 caused oxidative stress, decline of mitochondrial membrane potential, and the release of mtDNA into the cytoplasm of 16HBE cells. In addition, BeSO4 induced inflammation in 16HBE cells by activating the cGAS‐STING pathway. Furthermore, mtDNA deletion inhibited the expression of cGAS‐STING pathway, IL‐10, TNF‐α, and IFN‐β. This study revealed a novel mechanism of BeSO4‐induced inflammation in 16HBE cells, which contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of beryllium and its compounds‐induced toxicity.
The basement membrane regulates the cellular localization and the cytoplasmic interactome of Yes‐Associated Protein (YAP) in mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Manucci Antonio Carlos , Fiore Ana Paula Zen Petisco , Genesi Giovani Luiz , Bruni‐Cardoso Alexandre 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Hippo pathway, a signaling cascade involved in the regulation of organ size and several other processes, acts as a conduit between extracellular matrix (ECM) cues and cellular responses. We asked whether the basement membrane (BM), a specialized ECM component known to induce quiescence and differentiation in mammary epithelial cells, would regulate the localization, activity, and interactome of YAP, a Hippo pathway effector. To address this question, we used a broad range of experimental approaches, including 2D and 3D cultures of both mouse and human mammary epithelial cells, as well as the developing mouse mammary gland. In contrast to malignant cells, nontumoral cells cultured with a reconstituted BM (rBM) displayed higher concentrations of YAP in the cytoplasm. Incidentally, when in the nucleus of rBM‐treated cells, YAP resided preferentially at the nuclear periphery. In agreement with our cell culture experiments, YAP exhibited cytoplasmic predominance in ductal cells of developing mammary epithelia, where a denser BM is found. Conversely, terminal end bud (TEB) cells with a thinner BM displayed higher nucleus‐to‐cytoplasm ratios of YAP. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that genes regulated by YAP were overrepresented in the transcriptomes of microdissected TEBs. Consistently, mouse epithelial cells exposed to the rBM expressed lower levels of YAP‐regulated genes, although the protein level of YAP and Hippo components were slightly altered by the treatment. Mass spectrometry analysis identified a differential set of proteins interacting with YAP in cytoplasmic fractions of mouse epithelial cells in the absence or presence of rBM. In untreated cells, YAP interactants were enriched in processes related to ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis, whereas in cells exposed to rBM YAP interactants were mainly key proteins related to amino acid, amino sugar, and carbohydrate metabolism. Collectively, we unraveled that the BM induces YAP translocation or retention in the cytoplasm of nontumoral epithelial cells and that in the cytoplasm YAP seems to undertake novel functions in metabolic pathways.
Benzotrifuran based organic molecules for optoelectronic and charge transport properties for organic electronic devices
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Chetti Prabhakar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe key motive of the current work is the detailed study of charge transport and optoelectronic properties of Benzotrifuran based organic molecules for organic electronic device applications. Density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent‐DFT simulations were executed on studied organic molecules. The absorption characteristics are ascertained and the results are compared with corresponding known experimental results. Frontier molecular orbitals, that is; highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, electron extraction potential, electron affinities, ionization potentials, reorganization energies (Z), and hole extraction potential of all the studied molecules are explored. In contrast, all of the examined organic compounds are with low hole (Zh) and electron (Ze) reorganization energies, making them suitable for use in organic electrical devices.
Neuron mapping in the Molly fish optic tectum: An emphasis on the adult neurogenesis process
Authors: Hussein Manal T. , Sayed Ramy K. A. , Mokhtar Doaa M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTeleost fish exhibit the most pronounced and widespread adult neurogenesis. Recently, functional development and the fate of newborn neurons have been reported in the optic tectum (OT) of fish. To determine the role of neurogenesis in the OT, this study used histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic investigations on 18 adult Molly fish specimens (Poecilia sphenops). The OT of the Molly fish was a bilateral lobed structure located in the dorsal part of the mesencephalon. It exhibited a laminated structure made up of alternating fiber and cellular layers, which were organized into six main layers. The stratum opticum (SO) was supplied by optic nerve fibers, in which the neuropil was the main component. Radial bipolar neurons that possessed bundles of microtubules were observed in the stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale (SFGS). Furthermore, oligodendrocytes with their processes wrapped around the nerve fibers could be observed. The stratum album centrale (SAC) consisted mainly of the axons of the stratum griseum centrale (SGC) and the large tectal, pyriform, and horizontal neurons. The neuronal cells of the SO and large tectal cells of the SAC expressed autophagy‐related protein‐5 (APG5). Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) was expressed in both neurons and glia cells of SGC. Additionally, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was expressed in the neuropil of the SAC synaptic layer and granule cells of the stratum periventriculare (SPV). Also, transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), SRY‐box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), and myostatin were clearly expressed in the proliferative neurons. In all strata, S100 protein and Oligodendrocyte Lineage Transcription Factor 2 (Olig2) were expressed by microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. In conclusion, it was possible to identify different varieties of neurons in the optic tectum, each with a distinct role. The existence of astrocytes, proliferative neurons, and stem cells highlights the regenerative capacity of OT.Research Highlights
The OT of the Molly fish exhibited a laminated structure made up of alternating fiber and cellular layers, which were organized into six main layers.
Radial bipolar neurons that possessed bundles of microtubules were observed in the stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale (SFGS).
The stratum album central (SAC) consisted mainly of the axons of the stratum griseum centrale (SGC) and the large tectal, pyriform, and horizontal neurons.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was expressed in the neuropil of the SAC synaptic layer and granule cells of the stratum periventricular (SPV). Also, transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), SRY‐box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), and myostatin were clearly expressed in the proliferative neurons.
The existence of astrocytes, proliferative neurons, and stem cells highlights the regenerative capacity of OT.