bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_382A: Awareness regarding use of menstrual cups among female college students in Mangalore
Authors: Jain Animesh , Kotian Himani , Agrawal Narayani , Swarna Sindhu 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Menstruation is a normal body function requiring proper menstrual hygiene products. There are many products available for management of mensuration among which one of the most undervalued products is the menstrual cup. Despite all of the many sustainable advantages it offers, the use of menstrual cup is limited to not even 10 percent of menstruating women

Objective:
1. To assess the knowledge of usage of menstrual cups amongst female non-medical students. 2. To evaluate the willingness to use menstrual cups amongst female non-medical students

Methodology:
The study was conducted in non-health science colleges of Mangalore. The participants were undergraduate female students. Non-random convenient sampling was used and the study was conducted in March 2022. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was created using Google Forms. Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval and permission from college authorities was obtained prior to commencement of study.

Results:
Majority of students had heard about a menstrual cup (92.1%) but 87.7% of the participants used sanitary pads and only 4.6% used menstrual cups. After obtaining knowledge from the study, 45% of the participants agreed to use a menstrual cup if available and 46.9% would recommend it to their family and friends. Menstrual cup knowledge was found to be significantly correlated with study course (p=0.043) and current sanitary product use (p=0.001).

Conclusion:
The main concerns regarding menstrual cups among participants were limited knowledge, discomfort, and limited availability. Many participants had no idea about menstruation cups and it’s functioning and method to dispose of them.
IJCM_383A: Sociodemographic and fertility profile of post-natal women attending tertiary care hospitals in Mangaluru: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rekha T , Rayen Noel , Hegde Kausthubh , Bhat K. Nishantha , Holla Varun , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The Indian census highlights persistent challenges in achieving balanced sex ratios, attributed to factors like female neglect, sex-selective abortion, and societal preferences for sons. These preferences stem from economic, religious, and social norms, perpetuating gender disparities. Despite national efforts, skewed sex ratios persist, particularly in regions like Haryana and Punjab. However, some areas, like Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka, exhibit more favorable sex ratios, reflecting progress in gender equality. Overall, sex ratio improvement signifies societal health and equity in population distribution. This study aims to explore the socio demographic and fertility profile of post-natal women & factors affecting to gender preference among the study population.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 155 multiparous post-natal women, who were admitted in Lady Goshen Hospital and Kasturba Medical College, Attavar, Affiliated to Kasturba Medical college, Mangalore. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results were expressed using descriptive statistics and proportions.

Results:
In the study of postnatal women, the recent delivery of outcome was 84 females and 71 males and only 50.9% were aware of contraceptive methods, with condoms and IUCDs being most common among them. Despite this, 78.0% of respondents still perceive female feticide as prevalent. Son preference remains prominent, with 57.0% preferring a daughter as the second child if the first child is a son, and 75.0% desiring a son if the first child is a daughter, indicating a stronger bias towards sons.

Conclusions:
While most prefer two children, preferences for the second child vary based on the gender of the first child, reflecting societal gender biases. Superstitions regarding gender prediction were noted but deemed insignificant. The attitude of the mothers in study settings is comparative with the favorable sex ratios in the district.
IJCM_384A: Sudden death due to a ruptured ectopic: An Autopsy case
Authors: Padubidri Jagadish Rao 
Published: April 2024

Background:
An Ectopic pregnancy occurs when fertilized ovum is implanted outside the uterine cavity. Typically, the site of this ectopic pregnancy is the Fallopian tube in about 93-97% of ectopic pregnancies. Only 50% of patients present with the classic clinical triad of ectopic pregnancy i.e., pain, amenorrhea, and vaginal bleeding. It is extremely important to diagnose a case of ectopic pregnancy to prevent rupture and internal bleeding

Case Report:
A 35-year-old Female, was brought to a hospital, gasping, complaining of pain abdomen, and abdominal distension. Pulses could not be felt, GCS was 3/15, blood pressure was not recordable. She was shifted to the Intensive Care Unit and intubated. Fluid correction was attempted and ionotopes were started. USG abdomen showed a hemoperitoneum, pelvic hematoma, and ruptured right adnexa. The patient was taken up for an emergency laprotomy and had a cardiac arrest on table, but could not be resuscitated. Following an Medicolegal case the body was subjected for postmortem examination, the relevant findings at autopsy will be discussed.
IJCM_385A: Establishment of a CKD Screening and treatment program at a secondary care hospital in rural Karnataka - A case study
Authors: Kirthinath Ballala A B 
Published: April 2024

Background:
With the rapidly increasing incidence of kidney disease due to the rise in non- communicable diseases like diabetes and hypertension in India, a felt need for easily accessible Dialysis unit was found during the community assessment. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) education and screening program was also proposed to be established along with this to improve awareness and early detection. This would help in health system strengthening and prevent patients from travelling to far away locations for the dialysis sessions.

Objective:
1. To conduct CKD education and screening camps in rural areas of Karkala taluk

Methodology:
The project was implemented for a duration of 12 months starting from July 2021. Camps were held along with help from local clubs & Rotary Club. The following blood tests were carried out: Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Random Blood Sugar (RBS) or Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Serum Creatinine and Lipid Profile. These tests were done free of cost for all camp attendees. If the parameters were found to be abnormal, they were referred to Dr TMA Pai Rotary Hospital, Karkala for confirmation of the diagnosis and further management. Along with screening, Health education sessions were also be carried out to create awareness regarding diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease among the rural population. The Dialysis unit was set up with 3 dialysis machines with funding from Rotary International under the Global Grant scheme. Dialysis was provided at subsidized to Below Poverty Line (BPL) patients.

Results:
A total of 10 CKD screening & awareness camps were held during the project period. A total of 588 patients were screened. 132 were referred for further management. 8 patients were referred for Dialysis. Average of 170 dialysis sessions are carried out per months. 805 participants attended the training sessions.

Conclusion:
Similar set ups in rural areas will help in early detection of CKD and make dialysis more affordable and accessible.
IJCM_386A: Indications and Outcomes of patients under Mechanical Ventilation in a Tertiary Care hospital
Authors: Darshan BB , Chakravarty Srishti , Kumar Manish , Attam Kirti , Raju Salima , Ashish Sharad 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Mechanical ventilation is the technique through which gas is moved toward and from the lungs through an external device connected directly to the patient. Information about the mortality if patients requiring mechanical ventilation is important because it allows for better counseling of patients and their families.

Objectives:
To study the outcome in patients receiving mechanical ventilation for specific indications.

Methodology:
Patients on mechanical ventilation in Government Wenlock Hospital. It is a retrospective record-based study—a semi-structured questionnaire including all complete information from pre-recorded case sheets prepared after an extensive review of the literature. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 29.

Results:
The mean age was 45 years. Other details of patients suffering from Chronic kidney disease, Acute Kidney Injury, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, Head injuries, shock, pulmonary edema, and Pneumothorax mainly. The majority of the patients who received mechanical ventilation were below 40 years of age (37.7%). A major reason for the initiation of mechanical ventilation was pneumonia (22.3%), Sepsis (25.4%), and ARDS (16.9%). AKI (N= 12), CKD (N=9), Shock (N=7), and MODS (N=6) were the major under ‘others. The type of ventilation used in the majority of the cases was invasive (87.7%) The type of ventilation used in most cases was of invasive type (87.7%).

Conclusion:
Even after providing mechanical ventilation, high number of patients succumbed to the complications.
IJCM_389A: A community based cross-sectional study on perception, attitude, and stigma towards mental illness among the rural community in Mangalore
Authors: Rekha T , Simin Halima , Raj Nithin Krishna K , Nayana  , Joy Jewel K , Shetty Sharan K. , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Mental disorder is a behavioral pattern which causes either suffering or poor ability to function in ordinary life. According to WHO health report 2022, 970 million people suffer from mental illness globally. 80% people with mental illness live in low and middle-income countries, which is a matter of concern for India being the most populated country in the world. This study aims to assess the attitude and perception of people towards mental illness and to identify the presence of stigma towards mental illness in the community.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 individuals aged above 18 years from Jeppinamogaru, Boloor, Shiv Nagar and Neermarga of Mangalore. Data was collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire of the CAMI scale rates a total of 40 items on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree) and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results were expressed as proportions using appropriate tables and graphs. P< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:
Out of 320 individuals assessed, 73.1% were females, with 50% aged over 45 years. The lower middle class constituted 35.3%, while only 0.6% belonged to the lower class. Awareness of mental illnesses was low, with only 42 individuals (13%) are knowledgeable. Most relied on behavior to identify mental illness, and 54.1% favored hospital treatment. 31.6% believed mental illness was genetically inherited as it is running through families. Medium stigma was prevalent across all domains of the CAMI scale, with the least stigma observed among the upper class.

Conclusions:
The study revealed low to medium level of stigma toward mental illness among lower and upper middle-class SEC individuals, alongside insufficient knowledge about mental health issues. Addressing these gaps, necessitates community awareness campaigns, enhanced education in schools, and increased accessibility to community-based mental health services and health camps.
IJCM_390A: A study to assess body weight perception, weight control practices, and their association with menstruation among adolescent girls in the rural field practice area of Bangalore medical college and research institute
Authors: Lakshmikanth N , Thangaraj Selvi , Ranganath TS 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Adolescent girls are concerned about their weight, physical appearance, and how society perceives them. The identities they seek and create in this phase influence society and their peers. In this process, a lot of Emotional, Biological, and Social problems are faced by them. One such problem is Menstrual disorders. Keeping this rationale in mind, the above study was undertaken to Assess Body weight perception, Weight control practices, and their association with Menstruation among Adolescent girls.

Objective:
1. To assess Body weight perception and Weight Control Practices, among Adolescent girls 2. To compare Body weight perception and Weight control practices among Adolescent girls with normal and abnormal Menstrual cycles

Methodology:
A Cross-sectional study was conducted among Adolescent girls residing in the rural field practice area of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru. A Sample size of 192 was determined based on a previous study done by Bhurtun DD et al, and Simple random sampling was used for participant recruitment. Data collection utilized a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data analyzed using SPSS 21.0

Results:
Among the 192 participants, based on Body mass index (BMI), 13(6.7%) were Overweight and the rest of the participants 135(70.3%) were of Normal weight. Out of 118(61.5%) respondents reported trying to lose weight, reducing fat intake 100(84.7%) was the most common method. The majority of the Adolescent girls had a positive perception of weight control but had problems accepting their body image as healthy. Body weight perception and Weight control practices affected normal menstrual cycles as well as girls with Menstrual disorders.

Conclusion:
The findings revealed Body weight perception affected the girls with Normal Menstruation as well as with Menstrual disorders. Therefore, Adolescent girls need to be educated on the need for a Healthy body image as well as a Healthy lifestyle.
IJCM_392A: Assessment of the level of Physical activity among school and college going adolescents in the urban field practice area of Guntur Medical College
Authors: Rani Penumaka Sushma , Tulasi P. Naga , Rama A. Sita 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Inadequate Physical Activity is a common feature running through most public health problems across the world. Physical activity declines during the lifespan, especially during adolescence. Identifying patterns of physical activity behaviour in adolescent population will help to improve interventions for youth to become and stay active into adulthood.

Objective:
1. To assess the level of physical activity among school and college going adolescents in the urban field practice area of Guntur Medical College. 2. To identify the factors influencing the level of physical activity.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 300 adolescents (aged 10 to 19 years) attending government schools or junior colleges. One school and one college from the field practice area were selected by simple random sampling whereas students from each class were selected by stratified random sampling. A pre-tested, pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and the Physical Activity Questionnaire- Adolescent (PAQ-A) was used for collecting data on physical activity.

Results:
30.3% of the adolescents were practicing low physical activity. Level of physical activity was significantly associated with gender, academic grade, father’s schooling, availability of facilities in the neighbourhood, and availability of facilities at home. Among adolescents who are practicing low physical activity, 76.1% reported lack of time as the barrier.

Conclusion:
A substantial proportion of the adolescents are practicing low physical activity varying across different factors viz., gender, academic grade, availability of facilities in neighborhood or at home.
IJCM_397A: A Cross-Sectional Study on Dietary Intake In Relation To Sleep Quality Among Undergraduate Engineering Students
Authors: Kumaran K , Sujatha P. , Sravani A , Madhavi B. Devi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Sleep is an important resting state and essential part of life that could have effect on many aspects of life. Life style factors such as physical activity and consumption of certain foods have effect on quality and quantity of sleep. In this context, there were very few studies done in comparing dietary intake & sleep pattern. So, the present study is planned to be conducted among undergraduate engineering students.

Objective:
1. To assess the dietary intake and sleep patterns among undergraduate students. 2. To determine the relationship between dietary intake and sleep quality.

Methodology:
A Cross-sectional analytical study was done among the undergraduate students of a government engineering college in November 2023. Students (n=200) were randomly selected and data was collected using pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire to assess the dietary intake and Pittsburgh sleep quality index questionnaire (PSQI) to assess sleep quality.

Results:
The mean age of the study population was 20.2 Â± 1.6 years and 54.5% were female. Sleep quality was fairly good among 58%, good in 29%,fairly bad in 11.5%,and very bad in 1.5%. Participants skipping breakfast, lunch and dinner more than three times a week was reported to be 21%,10%, and 16.5% respectively.

Conclusion:
The quality and quantity of sleep can be influenced by the eating habits. Specific awareness regarding sleep and food intake should be created among the students, as in the long run NCD s can be prevented and to form a healthy nation.
IJCM_398A: A cross-sectional study on morbidity patterns and health behavior among construction workers in Mangalore
Authors: Rekha T , Singh Vibhu Pratap , Harigovind P , Baker Abu , Rahim Rebin M. , Prateeksh B.K , Rahul K , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
The construction industry is one of the most stable growing industries in the developing world. In India, it is the largest economic activity after agriculture. Since it is a labor-intensive industry, it consists of organized, unorganized, skilled, and unskilled labor. Morbidity is departure from a state of physical or psychological well-being, resulting from disease, illness, injury, or sickness, especially where the affected individual is aware of his or her condition which is more common among these workers. This study aims to assess the morbidity Pattern and health behavior among construction workers in a coastal block of Karnataka state.

Methodology:
This community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 manual labor workers at different construction sites in Mangalore. Data was collected using interview schedule and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results were expressed as proportions using appropriate tables and graphs. Chi-square test will be used and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:
In the study majority were males aged 19-29 years, Hindu by religion 84%, and unmarried, with minimum of primary educational qualification and work experience of 1-5 years. The most prevalent morbidity was Musculo skeletal disorders which manifest as constant arthralgia, myalgia followed by ophthalmic manifestation like refractive errors. Hypertension was notable, with communicable diseases like Malaria being common morbidities. Tobacco and alcohol consumption were prevalent, but knowledge on preventive measures against mosquito bites and personal hygiene practices were limited. Safety precautions at construction sites were evident as it is mandatory.

Conclusions:
The study highlighted prevalent morbidity patterns among construction workers in Mangalore, which seek immediate remedial measures. Improving awareness and intervention regarding the health risks associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption pose significant challenges but are crucial for enhancing workers’ well-being aa well as hygiene practices.
IJCM_401A: Study of patterns and associated factors of occupational injuries among the people seeking health care in the urban area of Mangalore
Authors: Mithra Prasanna , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rekha T , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh , Motappa Rohith , Rao Mithun 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Injuries occurring at the workplace are among the most important health concerns these days. This study was done to study the patterns of compensations available to those seeking health care for occupational injuries and to assess the level of implementation of occupational safety measures in their workplaces.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was undertaken in the hospitals affiliated to Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, and Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Hospital, Mangalore included all adults who were seeking health care for occupational injuries during the study period. A pre-tested semi-structured proforma, which included employment details, working conditions, type/s of injuries, availability & utility of Personal Protective Devices, and Compensations availed for health reasons was used and the collected data were analysed using SPSS version 25. The results were expressed as proportions. To compare the groups, the Chi-square test was used and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The study included 164 patients with a mean age of 38.6 years (SD: 9.85). Overall, 92.1% did not have any pre-employment training regarding PPEs applicable to their work. Also, 81.7% of the employers did not provide any PPEs. But among Government sector employees, 77.8% of their employers provided them with PPEs. The proportion was highest among Government employees when compared to others regarding the provision of PPEs. This difference across the groups was statistically significant (p<0.0001).

Conclusion:
High number of injuries at the workplace were related to the musculoskeletal system. Awareness and use of PPEs at the workplace were poor among the study population.
IJCM_402A: Assessment of sleep quality and risk factors associated with poor sleep quality among medical students- A cross sectional study
Authors: Prathyusha D.V.S. , Chaitanya G. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Sleep is a periodic resting state of natural arousable unconsciousness of body and mind, which leads to the returning of body and mind. A good sleep has been shown to be essential component of health, and its deprivation linked to various diseases. Sleep deprivation is defined as getting inadequate sleep, less than 7-9 hours per day. Although, sleep deprivation is generally a disorder of elderly and sick, it has increasingly been reported among college students and is considered a global health problem

Objective:
To evaluate sleep quality among medical students and identify risk factors associated with poor sleep quality among them.

Methodology:
Study design: Cross sectional study, Study setting: GITAM Institute of medical sciences and research, Study population :Medical students from MBBS first year to final year, Study period:2 months, Inclusion criteria :Medical students of 1st,2nd,3rd,4th year Exclusion criteria: Students who has not given consent Sampling method: Convenient sampling method Sample size: prevalence=68.6%==176, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale was used to measure sleep quality. SPSS software is used for analysis.

Results:
The mean age of study participants is 20±4. PSQI score is Good sleep in 24.4%, Fairly good sleep in 49.4%,Fairly bad sleep in 10.8%,Poor sleep in 15.3%.

Conclusion:
Poor sleep quality among medical students is 26.1%,factors associated are mobile use and presence of chronic illness.