bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underestimation of Left Atrial Volume by Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography Validated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Meta‐Analysis and Investigation of the Source of Bias
Authors: Shimada Yuichi J. , Shiota Takahiro 
Published: December 2011

Background: Left atrial volume (LAV) is a fundamental prognostic factor in a variety of cardiac diseases including atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and valvular diseases. Developing a repeatable, noninvasive, and accurate method of measuring LAV is crucial. Three‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has achieved better estimation of LAV than two‐dimensional echocardiography. However, underestimation of LAV by 3DE has often been reported and no previous study has synthesized these data. The present study aimed at revealing existence and extent of bias in LAV measurement by 3DE and investigating related factors affecting the bias. Methods: Studies comparing LAV between 3DE and magnetic resonance imaging published before August 15, 2011 were eligible. A meta‐analysis with random effects model was performed to evaluate the systematic bias. Factors affecting the bias were investigated by univariate followed by multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 14 studies including 395 subjects revealed underestimation of LAV by 3DE (−9.4 mL; 95% confidence interval, −13.2 to −5.6mL; P < 0.00001, Fig. 2). Existence of cardiac disease led to more underestimation, whereas increasing the number of plane included in the analysis counteracted the underestimation (P < 0.00001 for each comparison). Conclusions: Only by synthesizing a number of small studies as a meta‐analysis could we display underestimation of LAV by 3DE and factors influencing the systematic bias. These data provide a more detailed basis for analyzing and improving the accuracy of 3DE, an indispensable step toward further clinical application in LAV assessment. (Echocardiography 2012;29:385‐390)Meta‐analysis of difference in left atrial volume between 3D‐echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Note the significant underestimation of left atrial volume by 3D‐echocardiography. 3DE = three‐dimensional echocardiography; CI = confidence interval; Max = maximal volume; Min = minimal volume; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; Nl = normal subjects; pl = planes; Pt = patients.image
Farmers Markets in the Post‐Industrial City
Authors: BUBINAS KATHLEEN 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new politics of consumption is evident in the economic behavior of educated, middle‐class baby‐boomer women no longer willing to accept a food culture prescribed for them by the global food establishment. It is proposed that the farmers market represents a deliberate class‐based response to wrestle back control of the local through supporting farmers and post‐industrial downtown storeowners. These “femivores” of the marketplace are utilizing their consumer power to participate in a new, dynamic form of community‐building that re‐embeds the market within local narratives of social sustainability and resource management. Further, I propose that it is through the market exchange that citizens of all classes become visible and the possibility for a class consciousness tied to economic behavior arises. Moreover, the process of restructuring occurring in Midwestern post‐industrial cities may be just the incubator needed to nurture these place‐based socioeconomic behaviors. [Farmers market, informal economy, post‐industrial city, consumer behavior, middle class]
Real‐time multiplex PCR for direct detection of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in clinical samples enriched by broth culture
Authors: SÖDERQUIST BO , NEANDER MARITA , DIENUS OLAF , ZIMMERMANN JOHANNA , BERGLUND CAROLINA , MATUSSEK ANDREAS , MÖLLING PAULA 
Published: December 2011

Söderquist B, Neander M, Dienus O, Zimmermann J, Berglund C, Matussek A, Mölling P. Real‐time multiplex PCR for direct detection of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in clinical samples enriched by broth culture. APMIS 2012; 120: 427–32.A real‐time multiplex PCR using the orfX and staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec of Staphylococcus aureus was developed. The aim was to achieve a rapid and sensitive high‐throughput method for direct detection of heterogeneous methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in clinical samples, present in a low‐endemic population, such as in Sweden. Consecutive broth enriched pooled clinical screening samples (nares, throat and/or perineum/groin) (n = 541 pools), broth enriched clinical samples showing growth of methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) (n = 95 pools), clinical MRSA isolates (n = 173), MRSA reference strains (n = 43) and various coagulase‐negative staphylococcal isolates (n = 33) were analyzed. The multiplex PCR detected all heterogeneous MRSA strains (n = 173) obtained in our area as well as all pooled consecutive broth enriched clinical samples with MRSA, i. e. 36 of 541 pools. None of the CoNS were positive. However, 18 out of 541 pools (3.3%) were positive in the multiplex PCR but no growth of MRSA could be detected by subculture and were regarded as false positive. Furthermore, the assay is rapid and reliable negative results can be delivered to the clinician within 18 h that will facilitate the infection control management of patients and hospital staff.
Oestrogen receptor β in NSCLC – prevalence, proliferative influence, prognostic impact and smoking
Authors: KARLSSON CHRISTINA , HELENIUS GISELA , FERNANDES OSWALDO , KARLSSON MATS G 
Published: December 2011

Karlsson C, Helenius G, Fernandes O, Karlsson MG. Estrogen receptor β in NSCLC – prevalence, proliferative influence, prognostic impact and smoking. APMIS 2012; 120: 451–8.In non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) there are gender differences. The female gender is associated with more adenocarcinomas (ADCA), among both smokers and non‐smokers compared to men. Women with NSCLC have a better prognosis compared to men, regardless of other factors. A possible role for oestrogen receptor (ER) signalling has been proposed. The role for ERβ in NSCLC is still not clear, especially concerning the impact of smoking. In a material of NSCLC (n = 262), ERβ and cyclins A1 and A2 were studied by immunohistochemistry on formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded tissue. In 137 of those cases, frozen material was available, on which expression analysis of ESR2 (ERβ) and cyclin A1 were performed. Data were correlated to histology, gender, smoking habits, stage and clinical outcome. ERβ was expressed in 86% of the cases. ERβ was most frequently expressed in Stage I ADCAs, especially in male subjects. A correlation between ERβ expression and cyclins was observed in ADCA, also with a male predominance. ERβ transcripts had a positive prognostic impact in ADCA. ERβ transcripts were increased in NSCLC among smokers compared to non‐smokers. In conclusion, our data support a role for ERβ in lung ADCAs, proposing a role for ERβ in lungcarcinogenesis, especially among smokers.
Sinus floor elevation using osteotome technique without grafting materials: a 2‐year retrospective study
Authors: He Longlong , Chang Xiaofeng , Liu Yanpu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the clinical results after osteotome technique to lift sinus floor, without graft materials in the residual bone height (RBH), below 8 mm.Material and methodsTwenty‐two patients aged from 19 to 70 years old in need of maxillary sinus floor augmentation were enrolled in this study. Preoperative and postoperative cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) were taken to guide the surgery. Twenty‐seven implants were inserted and followed clinically, another CBCT exam was taken at 6 months postoperatively. The diameter of the implants was 4.7 mm (SD 0.4 mm), the length was 10 mm (SD 1.0 mm). The average residual bone height was 6.7 mm (SD 1.2 mm).ResultsNo implants were lost after the surgery and the 2 years follow‐up. There was no obvious marginal bone loss during the 6 months follow‐up verified by CBCT. The mean bone gain at the implant sites was 2.5 mm (SD 1.5 mm).ConclusionThe study verified the good and stable clinical result of the OSFE technique without using bone grafting materials when the RBH was only 4.1–8 mm.
Clinical evaluation of a ridge augmentation procedure for the severely resorbed alveolar socket: multicenter randomized controlled trial, preliminary results
Authors: Sisti Angelo , Canullo Luigi , Mottola Maria Pia , Covani Ugo , Barone Antonio , Botticelli Daniele 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo radiographically analyze extraction sites left untreated or treated using a socket preservation technique.Materials and methodsA total of 20 patients scheduled for single extraction in the maxilla from second to second premolar were enrolled in this study. All sites showed a bone defect >5 mm at the buccal wall and no soft tissue recession. At baseline (T0), tooth extraction was performed; subsequently, sites were randomly allocated to the control (CG: left to heal without grafting) or test group (TG: grafted using hydroxyapatite). Two months later (T1), implants were inserted and eventual GBR procedure was performed. Three months later, the definitive crown was placed. Follow up was 24 months (T2). A cone‐beam computed tomographic examination (CT) was performed at each time point. At each radiographic analysis, horizontal and vertical widths of the sockets were measured. Comparisons between CG and TG were performed by a Wilcoxon non‐parametric test.ResultsAt the end of the study, no patient dropped out and all implants inserted (10 in each group) resulted integrated. GBR procedures were performed at T1 only in the CG. In the CG, the mean value of the horizontal width in the coronal CT slices was 0.98 mm (±0.37), 7.70 mm (±0.92), 7.45 mm (±0.69) at T0, T1 (after bone regeneration) and T2, respectively. In the TG, the mean value of the horizontal width in the coronal CT slices was 0.96 mm (±0.41), 8.97 mm (±1.91), 9.48 mm (±1.56); at T2, it was 9.52 mm (±1.87) at T0 (pre‐ and post‐socket preservation) T1 and T2, respectively. At each follow up, the mean horizontal bone width in TG was statistically significantly greater than in the control group (P < 0.05). At T0, mean value of the vertical bone defect length (BDL) was 6.93 mm for TG, 6.5 mm for CG. At T1 and T2, mean BDL value was 0 for both groups. Statistically significant difference was not found between TC and CG at any time point (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThis randomized controlled trial suggested that in sites with buccal bone defects >5 mm, the application of HA can minimize alveolar crest resorption following tooth extraction. Furthermore, compared with traditional regenerative procedure carried out following socket healing, this preservation technique seems to result in better horizontal regeneration of the buccal bone wall.
Assessment of dental trauma among cerebral palsy individuals in Udaipur city
Authors: Jalihal Sagar , Nagarajappa Ramesh , Sharda Archana , Asawa Kailash , Tak Mridula 
Published: December 2011

Abstract –  Objective:  (i) To assess the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in individuals with cerebral palsy and its possible relationship with type of palsy at Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India. (ii) To assess the prevalence of temporomandibular joint symptoms in cerebral palsy individuals.Materials and methods:  The total sample comprised of 281 cerebral palsy individuals in the age group of 10–35 years. Clinical examination for dental trauma was performed on the basis of Andreasen & Andreasen classification (1994). Chi‐square test, multiple logistic and stepwise linear regression analyses were carried out to find out the relationship between cerebral palsy individuals with different independent variables.Results:  Findings of the study indicated that there was highest prevalence of TDI in cerebral palsy patients with hemiplegia (40.6%) (P = 0.00). Stepwise and multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the best predictors for dental traumatic injuries was overjet and type of cerebral palsy.Conclusion:  It was concluded that hemiplegic cerebral palsy patients were most prone to TDI.
Differences in adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative status in C57BL/6 and ApoE−/− mice fed high fat diet
Authors: PEREIRA Solange S. , TEIXEIRA Lílian G. , AGUILAR Edenil C. , MATOSO Rafael O. , SOARES Fabíola L. P. , FERREIRA Adaliene V. M. , ALVAREZ‐LEITE Jacqueline I. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTApolipoprotein E deficient (Apo E−/−) mice are more resistant to the development of obesity compared to C57BL/6 wild type mice. They also hold a high basal oxidative status due to the loss of antioxidant action of apolipoprotein E. Since obesity is also an inducer of inflammation, we studied the effect of high‐fat diet on obesity and oxidative stress in C57BL/6 and Apo E−/− mice for 9 weeks. The results confirmed that Apo E−/− mice fed high‐fat diet are more resistant to the increase of both body weight and adiposity compared to C57BL/6 mice. Despite this, Apo E−/− mice presented a higher basal oxidative stress that was enhanced by high‐fat diet. Macrophage infiltration, macrophage forming crown‐like structures and proinflammatory adipokines (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were all higher in adipose tissue from Apo E−/− compared to C57BL/6 mice, regardless of diet type. In conclusion, although Apo E−/− mice are more resistant to becoming obese, they develop more severe adipose tissue inflammation companied by its consequences.
Effects of days on feed, roughage sources and inclusion levels of grain in concentrate on finishing performance and carcass characteristics in cull beef cows
Authors: SUGIMOTO Masahito , SAITO Waka , OOI Motoki , OIKAWA Manabu 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted with 16 Japanese Black cows to determine the effects of different days on feed (89, 208, 271 and 341 days), inclusion levels of grain in concentrate (60% vs. 40%; dry matter (DM) basis) and roughage sources (hay vs. rice straw) on finishing performance. Additional four cows were slaughtered at 0 days on feed to obtain non‐fed carcass data. Maximum carcass weights were observed in cows fed for 271 days; an increase in carcass weight of only 14 kg was shown from 208 days to 271 days. The marbling score increased (P < 0.05) with days on feed. The percentage of fat in the subprimal rib linearly increased (P < 0.05) with days on feed. The percentage of lean meat was higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed rice straw than for cows fed hay as a roughage source. Increasing the days on feed decreased (P < 0.05) the yellowness of the fat. The effects of the inclusion levels of grain in concentrate on the finishing performance of cows were lower than the other two factors. In conclusion, feeding improves carcass values, but feeding over 208 days is an inefficient system of production in cows.
Changes in collagen fiber content and hepatic stellate cell distribution in the liver of chick embryos and growing chickens
Authors: NISHIMURA Shotaro , TESHIMA Akifumi , CHOWDHURY Vishwajit Sur , TABATA Shoji 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe content of collagen and the distribution of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were studied to elucidate the occurrence of sex‐dependent variations in the liver of developing embryos and growing chickens. Chick embryos from embryonic days (e) 12 to e20 and chicks at 1, 4 and 8 weeks were analyzed. Liver tissue was processed using NaOH maceration and freeze‐dried to obtain the collagen fiber specimens. HSCs were identified by double fluorescent immunohistochemistry for desmin and vimentin. There were no sex‐dependent variations in the percentage of collagen fiber per liver weight and HSC area during embryonic stages. However, the content of collagen fiber increased during embryonic development in both sexes. On the other hand, the area of HSCs significantly increased in growing males but did not show any change in females. Importantly, sex differences were observed in both collagen fiber content and HSC area in the liver at 8 weeks. These results indicate that the occurrence of collagen content variations takes place at 8 weeks in chicken liver, suggesting that a sex‐dependent hormone may play an important role on the collagen production of HSCs in the growing chicken liver.
Severe hypothermia in myxoedema coma: A rewarming by extracorporeal circulation
Authors: Kogan Alexander , Kassif Yigal , Shadel Mordechay , Shwarz Yaron , Lavee Jacob , Or Jacob , Raanani Ehud 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMyxoedema coma is the most lethal manifestation of hypothyroidism. It represents a true medical emergency, especially in the case of cardiovascular instability. Extracorporeal circulation is usually used for rewarming and for providing cardiac support in patients with severe hypothermia and, in addition, cardiovascular instability. We report the case of an 84‐year‐old woman who presented to the ED with accidental hypothermia associated with myxoedema that was successfully managed by veno‐arterial extracorporeal blood rewarming. This case suggests that veno‐arterial extracorporeal rewarming appears to achieve a rapid and consistent rewarming rate and is less invasive and more readily available than cardiopulmonary bypass.
Decontamination and enhanced elimination in sustained‐release potassium chloride poisoning*
Authors: Gunja Naren 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPotassium chloride poisoning can be potentially life‐threatening, particularly in massive ingestions of sustained‐release preparations. Profound hyperkalaemia, developing over several hours, can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and death. This case series reports three episodes of sustained‐release potassium chloride poisoning in two individuals requiring whole bowel irrigation or haemodialysis. The first two episodes, in the same patient, illustrate the contrast between the successful use of decontamination versus the need for haemodialysis. The second case, in a child, illustrates the need for tertiary level paediatric expertise in managing this type of poisoning. Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol is a resource‐intensive procedure most beneficial when large numbers of radio‐opaque tablets are seen in the stomach. In cases where most of the tablet matter has already been absorbed, extracorporeal methods of rapidly reducing the total body burden of potassium, such as haemodialysis, might be life‐saving.
Knowledge of Stroke Risk Factors and Warning Signs in Ireland: Development and Application of the Stroke Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ)
Authors: Hickey Anne , Holly Deirdre , McGee Hannah , Conroy Ronan , Shelley Emer 
Published: December 2011

Background Inability to recognize stroke warning signs and delay in seeking medical attention for recognized symptoms contribute to treatment delay, thus limiting the potential for intervention and impacting negatively on potential stroke outcome. Aim To examine knowledge of stroke risk factors and warning signs in the adult population in Ireland. Methods In 2009, 1000 members of the general public were interviewed by telephone using quota-based population sampling of adults (≥18 years). Information was gathered using the Stroke Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ). Results 71% of participants could correctly list two or more risk factors for stroke, typically generic lifestyle risk factors. Two-thirds could not identify two warning signs for stroke. While 31% could identify two or more stroke warning signs, there was no consistency in warning signs identified. Less than 50% stated they would call an ambulance if having a stroke. Overall, there were significant gaps in knowledge, with poorest levels evident in those aged ≥65 years. Conclusions Survey findings provide first evidence on levels of knowledge of stroke risk factors and warning signs in the Irish adult population. Awareness of stroke warning signs was poor, as was awareness of the need to call emergency services and the potential for acute stroke intervention. These factors contribute to delay in seeking medical attention following stroke, with resulting implications for stroke outcome.
SPREAD-STACI Study: A Protocol for a Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial Comparing Urgent with Delayed Endarterectomy in Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Lanza Gaetano , Ricci Stefano , Speziale Francesco , Toni Danilo , Sbarigia Enrico , Setacci Carlo , Pratesi Carlo , Somalvico Francesco , Zaninelli Augusto , Gensini Gian Franco 
Published: December 2011

Rationale In patients with >50% carotid artery stenosis (as measured by North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) criteria) suffering a transient ischemic attack or a minor ipsilateral stroke, carotid endarterectomy exerts maximum benefits, when performed within the first 15 days from the initial ischemic symptom. It is also known that the probability of a major stroke spikes within the first few days after a transient ischemic attack/minor stroke and then flattens out in the following days and weeks. It could be hypothesized that urgent carotid endarterectomy has greater benefit than delayed procedure. Aims Demonstrate that urgent carotid endarterectomy is more effective than delayed interventions. Design Centers employing neurolgist/stroke physicians and vascular surgeons will enroll TIA or minor stroke patients with >50 % carotid artery stenosis (Nascet criteria), randomized in two groups: urgent carotid endarterectomy (within 48 hours) and delayed carotid endarterectomy (operated between 48 hours and 15 days after onset of symptoms) Risk factors will be evaluated at enrollment. TIA will be classified by ABCD2 scoring system, and minor stroke by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores. The study will last 90 days per patient, starting from their initial symptom, and the follow-up will be performed by an indipendent neurologist. A total of 456 patients (228 / group) is needed to observe an absolute difference of 10% between groups. Outcomes Primary end-point is reduction in all types of stroke, AMI or death in urgent endarterectomy groupo compared to delayed ones. Secondary end-points are: Reduction of ipsilateral ischemic stroke in group 1 with respect to Group 2 Identification of predictive risk factors and Confirmation of no different rate for hemorragic/ischemiccomplications between groups.