bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Hydroxy Ketones Prepared by Regioselective Hydroacylation.
Authors: Murphy Stephen K. , Coulter Matthew M. , Dong Vy M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe rhodium‐catalyzed method for the synthesis of title compounds bearing an α‐tertiary or quaternary carbon center from readily available aryl aldehydes and allylic alcohols affords single regioisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Biaryls Through a One‐Pot Tandem Borylation/Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by a Palladacycle.
Authors: Wang Lianhui , Cui Xiuling , Li Jingya , Wu Yusheng , Zhu Zhiwu , Wu Yangjie 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA novel synthesis of unsymmetrical biphenyls as well as heterocyclic analogues is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of a Dimeric ortho‐Palladated Complex of Tribenzylamine as an Efficient Catalyst in Microwave‐Assisted Hiyama Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Rafiee Fatemeh 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed Hiyama cross‐coupling reaction of various aryl iodides and bromides with silane (II) under microwave irradiation gives substituted biaryls in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Palladium—Benzimidazolyl Phosphine Complex for the Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Mesylates: Facile Ligand Synthesis and Metal Complex Characterization.
Authors: Chung Kin Ho , So Chau Ming , Wong Shun Man , Luk Chi Him , Zhou Zhongyuan , Lau Chak Po , Kwong Fuk Yee 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA new class of easily accessible hemilabile benzimidazolyl phosphine ligands showing excellent catalytic activity in the Suzuki—Miyaura coupling of aryl mesylates at catalyst loadings as low as 0.5 mol% is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Construction of Nitrocyclohexanes Containing Multiple Chiral Centers via a Cascade Reaction.
Authors: Rajkumar Sundaram , Shankland Kenneth , Brown Geoffrey D. , Cobb Alexander J. A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA novel asymmetric domino Michael—Michael reaction between nitrohexenoates and nitroolefins is catalyzed by a cinchona‐derived thiourea.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of Naphthalenes and Indenones and Their Luminescent Properties.
Authors: Chen Xiaopeng , Jin Jisong , Wang Ningning , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUnder a nitrogen atmosphere, the palladium‐catalyzed reaction of o‐haloacetophenones (I) with terminal alkynes in the presence of wet secondary cyclic amines gives β‐arylnaphthalenes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Sodium Nitrite Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling for Constructing Polymethoxyphenanthrene Rings.
Authors: Su Bo , Li Ling , Hu Yanna , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe coupling of polyoxy‐substituted benzenes using air as the terminal oxidant provides access towards phenanthrenes and also biphenyl derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: From the Feist—Benary Reaction to Organocatalytic Domino Michael—Alkylation Reactions: Asymmetric Synthesis of 3(2H)‐Furanones.
Authors: Dou Xiaowei , Han Xiaoyu , Lu Yixin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEnantioselective preparation of some synthetically and biologically valuable 3(2H)‐furanones is achieved using a novel tertiary amine/thiourea catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrahydrodibenzofuran and Tetrahydrophenanthridinone Skeletons by Intramolecular Nucleopalladation/Oxidative Heck Cascades.
Authors: Martinez Claudio , Aurrecoechea Jose M. , Madich Youssef , Denis J. Gabriel , de Lera Angel R. , Alvarez Rosana 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTetrahydrodibenzofurans (II) and (VIII) are formed from 2‐alkynylphenols (I), (VII) containing a tethered α,β‐unsaturated ester or ketone.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Active Thiophenes via an Organocatalytic One‐Pot Methodology.
Authors: Ransborg Lars Krogager , Albrecht Lukasz , Weise Christian F. , Bak Jesper R. , Joergensen Karl Anker 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA general, efficient, and highly stereoselective method to prepare chiral thiophenes and thienoindoles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted NH Pyrroles and Polysubstituted Furans via an Addition and Cyclization Strategy.
Authors: Li Liang , Zhao Mi‐Na , Ren Zhi‐Hui , Li Jianli , Guan Zheng‐Hui 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA general protocol is developed for the FeCl3‐catalyzed cyclocondensation of nitroolefins and enamino derivatives to provide tri‐ and tetrasubstituted NH‐pyrroles (III) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Dioxindole in Asymmetric Catalytic Synthesis: Routes to Enantioenriched 3‐Substituted 3‐Hydroxyoxindoles and the Preparation of Maremycin A.
Authors: Bergonzini Giulia , Melchiorre Paolo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe organocatalyzed synthesis of a variety of spiro(oxindoles)(γ‐butyrolactones) and a benzofuran analogue is based on the high nucleophilicity of the starting indoles and benzofuran (XIX) toward α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Core‐Structure‐Oriented Asymmetric Organocatalytic Substitution of 3‐Hydroxyoxindoles: Application in the Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Folicanthine.
Authors: Guo Chang , Song Jin , Huang Jian‐Zhou , Chen Peng‐Hao , Luo Shi‐Wei , Gong Liu‐Zhu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe title reaction of 3,3′‐bisindolin‐2‐ones with vinylcarbamates catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid affords the corresponding indolinones with concomitant generation of an all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center in high yield and excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Based Selectivity in the Synthesis of Di(2‐aryl‐1H‐3‐indolyl) Sulfides and 1‐Aryl‐2‐[(2‐aryl‐1H‐3‐indolyl)sulfanyl]‐1‐ethanones.
Authors: Chitra Selvam , Paul Nidhin , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Manisankar Paramasivam 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA protic solvent favors the formation of bisindoles from sulfides (I) and phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, whereas an aprotic solvent prefers the formation of the corresponding monoindole.The reaction of sulfide (I) with phenylhydrazine in both types of solvents affords only the bis‐ and monohydrazones, correspondingly.
ChemInform Abstract: Multistep One‐Pot Synthesis of Enantioenriched Polysubstituted Cyclopenta[b]indoles.
Authors: Xu Biao , Guo Zhi‐Lei , Jin Wan‐Yan , Wang Zhi‐Ping , Peng Yun‐Gui , Guo Qi‐Xiang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractConsecutive chiral thiourea catalyzed α‐alkylation of an aldehyde with indolylmethanol derivatives, and two Broensted acid catalyzed Friedel—Crafts alkylation reactions with indoles at room temperature provide the title compounds in most cases as single diastereomers and with up to 99% enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Pyrazole Derivatives as Antimalarial Agents.
Authors: Bekhit Adnan A. , Hymete Ariaya , Asfaw Henok , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTitle compounds are synthesized starting by Vilsmeier—Haack reaction of hydrazones (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted Imidazolidin‐2‐ones from Fused‐Ring Aziridines.
Authors: Maciagiewicz Iwona M. , Fang Fang , Roberts Dennis A. , Zhou Shu , Hines Jennifer V. , Bergmeier Stephen C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn continuation of an antibacterial discovery project, the ring‐opening/rearrangement reaction of bicyclic oxaziridines with primary amines and KOtBu is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aminooxazolines from Isonitriles and Iodine.
Authors: Yu Hui , Li Yu Zhe , Liu Qiong , Zhang Mei Shu , Sun Wen Liang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractImidoyl diiodides are formed in situ which are trapped by 2‐aminoethanol derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis and QSAR Study of Cytotoxic 2‐(4‐Oxo‐thiazolidin‐2‐ylidene)‐2‐cyano‐N‐arylacetamides.
Authors: George Riham F. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThiazolidinone derivatives (V) are stereoselectively obtained as (Z)‐isomers via reaction of amides (III) with chloroacetyl chloride (IV) under basic condition.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Benzyl Azide to Two Highly Functionalized Alkynes.
Authors: Farooq Tahir , Haug Bengt Erik , Sydnes Leiv K. , Toernroos Karl W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of benzylazide to alkynes (I) and (V), under CuI‐catalysis provides the expected 1,4‐disubstituted triazoles (III) and (VI), resp., as major products.
ChemInform Abstract: Flavone—Nitrogen Heterocycle Conjugate Formation by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions.
Authors: Sousa Regina M. S. , Pinto Diana C. G. A. , Silva Artur M. S. , Vaz Serra Vanda , Barros Ana I. R. N. A. , Faustino Maria A. F. , Neves Maria G. P. M. S. , Cavaleiro Jose A. S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe reactions of glycine substrates such as (I) or (XVII) and formaldehyde with various dipolarophiles allows the construction of a variety of flavone—nitrogen heterocyclic products.
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile Synthesis of Isocoumarins and α‐Pyrones by Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H/O—H Bond Cleavages.
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Pospech Jola , Graczyk Karolina , Rauch Karsten 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAryl‐substituted alkynes and electron‐rich carboxylic acids are preferentially converted.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Benzofurocoumarin Analogues and Their anti‐Proliferative Effect on Human Cancer Cell Lines.
Authors: Francisco Carla S. , Rodrigues Ligia R. , Cerqueira Nuno M. F. S. A. , Oliveira‐Campos Ana M. F. , Rodrigues Ligia M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFive new tetracyclic benzofurocoumarin (benzopsoralen) analogues are synthesized and their inhibitory effects on the growth of three human tumor cell lines (breast adenocarcinoma, cervix adenocarcinoma, and bladder transitional cell carcinoma) are evaluated and discussed in terms of structure‐activity‐relationship.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Green Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives in N‐Butyl Pyridinium Tetrafluoroborate.
Authors: Wu Xiao Yun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe presented dehydropyridine synthesis in N‐butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate provides high yields in short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Fused Indolines Through Non‐Carbonyl‐Stabilized Rhodium Carbenoid C—H Insertion of N‐Aziridinyl Imines.
Authors: Mahoney Stuart J. , Fillion Eric 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe reaction proceeds best when catalyzed by Rh2((S)‐MEPY)4 but it delivers racemic products.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting the Divergent Reactivity of Isocyanoacetates: One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Functionalized Angular Furoquinolines.
Authors: Bouma Marinus J. , Masson Geraldine , Zhu Jieping 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA three‐component reaction of α‐isocyanoacetates bearing an electron‐withdrawing substituent at α‐position (II) with o‐alkynylanilines (I) and aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes (III), (V) proceeds smoothly without the need for additive or catalyst to afford title furoquinolines (IV) and (VI) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of a Full‐Color‐Tunable Fluorescent Core Framework Through Direct C—H (Hetero)arylation of N‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Liu Bo , Wang Zhi , Wu Ningjie , Li Mingliang , You Jingsong , Lan Jingbo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIndolizines, electron‐rich and electron‐deficient heteroarenes such as (VII), and fluorobenzene (IX) are efficiently arylated by various chlorobenzenes in the presence of an optimized catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: Naphtho[2,1‐h]isoquinolines: A New Class of Partially Reduced Polycyclic Aromatic Nucleus.
Authors: Pratap Ramendra , Raghunandan Resmi , Maulik P. R. , Ram Vishnu Ji 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe title compounds are obtained through base‐catalyzed ring transformation of nitriles (I) by a carbanion, generated in situ from piperidones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Imino‐Protected Cyclic Guanidine Derivatives from Diamines.
Authors: Yuan Jian Hai , Yang Xiao Xiao , Lin Hao , Wang De Xin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA simple synthesis of 2‐iminoimidazolidines (III) is achieved by thermal reaction of bis‐protected isothiourea reagents (I) with aliphatic α,ω‐diamines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Strontium Chloride‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones in Protic Media.
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Ting Ting , Liang Yan , Gao Jing Jing 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThree‐component condensation of isatoic anhydride with aromatic aldehydes and ammonium salts or primary amines is achieved using strontium chloride as the catalyst to give dihydroquinazolinones (III) and (VI), resp., in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Preparation of Novel Fused Chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine and Pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Aly Hala M. , Kamal Mona M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA variety of novel chromenopyrimidine, pyranopyrimidine, thiopyranopyrimidine and pyrimidine derivatives is synthesized from pyrimidinedione (I) and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Reaction of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Alcohols Derived from Acrylic Nitrile with 2‐Aminobenzimidazole in Ionic Liquid [BMIM]Cl/H2O.
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Li , Wang Dong , Chen Yong‐Jun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot synthesis of the title compounds is possible without additional catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Indolo [1,2‐a]Quinoxalines via a Pd‐Catalyzed Regioselective C—H Olefination/Cyclization Sequence.
Authors: Wang Liang , Guo Wei , Zhang Xiao‐Xiao , Xia Xu‐Dong , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe olefination and cyclization sequence occurs with complete regioselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Selective Oxyamidation of Cyclic Enamides Using Nitrenes.
Authors: Gigant Nicolas , Dequirez Geoffroy , Retailleau Pascal , Gillaizeau Isabelle , Dauban Philippe 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntermolecular addition of nitrene, generated in situ from (II), to enecarbamates and enesulfonamides affords oxyamidated products with excellent yields and high levels of stereo‐ and complete regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 5,6‐Dihydro‐8H‐[1,2,4]thiadiazino[6,5,4‐de]phenanthridine 4,4‐Dioxide and 5,6‐Dihydro‐8H‐[1,2,4]‐thiadiazino[6,5,4‐ij]thieno[2,3‐c]quinoline 4,4‐Dioxide.
Authors: Battisti Umberto M. , Carrozzo Marina M. , Cannazza Giuseppe , Braghiroli Daniela , Parenti Carlo , Brasili Livio , Citti Cinzia , Troisi Luigino 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe three‐step synthesis of the title compounds is based on formation of key intermediates (III) and (VIII) from substrate (I) and boronic acids via Suzuki coupling and imine formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Acidic Ionic Liquids as Efficient and Recyclable Catalysts for the Cyclotrimerization of Aldehydes.
Authors: Song Heyuan , Chen Jing , Xia Chungu , Li Zhen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIonic liquids (I) are prepared and tested in the trimerization of isobutylaldehyde with similar efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Chemoselective and Enantioselective Hydrogenation of (1‐Chloro‐1‐alkenyl) Boronic Esters.
Authors: Gazic Smilovi Ivana , Casas‐Arce Eva , Roseblade Stephen J. , Nettekoven Ulrike , Zanotti‐Gerosa Antonio , Kovacevic Miroslav , Casar Zdenko 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUnder conditions optimized for each boronic ester (H2 pressure and amount of catalyst), the method gives predominantly chloro‐substituted products with enantioselectivities up to 94%, whereas dechlorinated by‐products are formed in minor amounts.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Selenium Dichloride with Methacrylic Acid.
Authors: Potapov V. A. , Amosova S. V. , Khabibulina A. G. , Larina L. I. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA highly chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective reaction of selenium dichloride with methacrylic acid leads to the unexpected formation of previously unknown diselenide (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antihepatitis B Virus Activity of New Pyrimidine Peptide Nucleic Acid Analogues.
Authors: Al‐Harbi R. A. K. , Abdel‐Rahman A. A.‐H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA series of novel peptide nucleic acid analogues (III) is synthesized and tested for activity against hepatitis B virus.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of the Substrate Activity of C‐6 Substituted Purine Ribosides with E. coli Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase: Palladium Mediated Cross‐Coupling of Organozinc Halides with 6‐Chloropurine Nucleosides.
Authors: Hassan Abdalla E. A. , Abou‐Elkhair Reham A. I. , Riordan James M. , Allan Paula W. , Parker William B. , Khare Rashmi , Waud William R. , Montgomery John A. , Secrist John A. III 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPd(IV)‐Mediated cross‐coupling reactions of ribofuranosylpurine (I) with organozinc halides (II) and subsequent deprotection afford the C‐6 substituted purine ribosides (III) in satisfactory to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Cubic Form of Pb2‐xSnxS2 Stabilized Through Size Reduction to the Nanoscale.
Authors: Soriano Ronald B. , Malliakas Christos D. , Wu Jinsong , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSemiconducting Pb2‐xSnxS2 (0.40 < x < 1) nanocrystals are prepared by a modified hot injection colloidal route from mixtures of Pb(OAc)2, Sn(OAc)2, and a sulfur precursor (obtained by dissolving sulfur in 1‐octadecene at 100 °C for 2 h under N2 atmosphere) in the presence of octadecene, oleic acid, and oleylamine at 170—180 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides
Authors: Shirakawa Eiji , Hayashi Tamio 
Published: May 2012

AbstractReview: [recent transition‐metal‐free coupling reactions of aryl halides with arenes, alkenes, or aryl Grignard reagents in view of SRN1 reaction; 21 refs.]
Calibration and Limits of Camera‐Based Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy: A Supported Lipid Bilayer Study
Authors: Bag Nirmalya , Sankaran Jagadish , Paul Alexandra , Kraut Rachel S. , Wohland Thorsten 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCamera‐based fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) approaches allow the measurement of thousands of contiguous points yielding excellent statistics and details of sample structure. Imaging total internal reflection FCS (ITIR‐FCS) provides these measurements on lipid membranes. Herein, we determine the influence of the point spread function (PSF) of the optical system, the laser power used, and the time resolution of the camera on the accuracy of diffusion coefficient and concentration measurements. We demonstrate that the PSF can be accurately determined by ITIR‐FCS and that the laser power and time resolution can be varied over a wide range with limited influence on the measurement of the diffusion coefficient whereas the concentration measurements are sensitive to changes in the measurement parameters. One advantage of ITIR‐FCS is that the measurement of the PSF has to be performed only once for a given optical setup, in contrast to confocal FCS in which calibrations have to be performed at least once per measurement day. Using optimized experimental conditions we provide diffusion coefficients for over ten different lipid membranes consisting of one, two and three constituents, measured in over 200000 individual correlation functions. Using software binning and thus the inherent advantage of ITIR‐FCS of providing multiple observation areas in a single measurement we test the FCS diffusion law and show how they can be complemented by the local information provided by the difference in cross‐correlation functions (ΔCCF). With the determination of the PSF by ITIR‐FCS and the optimization of measurement conditions ITIR‐FCS becomes a calibration‐free method. This allows us to provide measurements of absolute diffusion coefficients for bilayers with different compositions, which were stable over many different bilayer preparations over a time of at least one year, using a single PSF calibration.
Are Companies Planning their Organisational Changes for Corporate Sustainability? An Analysis of Three Case Studies on Resistance to Change and their Strategies to Overcome it
Authors: Lozano Rodrigo 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTCorporations and their leaders are increasingly recognising their role in making societies more sustainable. This has fostered the development of voluntary tools and initiatives (mainly based on ‘hard’ technocentric solutions) to help them address sustainability. However, discussions on ‘soft’ issues have been limited. This paper analyses the organisational change efforts for corporate sustainability (CS) of three case studies. It was found that CS drivers catalyse change from the unsustainable status quo (SQ) towards more sustainable activities. Barriers to change usually block these efforts; identifying them can help to apply appropriate strategies to overcome them, thus helping to better incorporate and institutionalise CS. This would bring the system to a more sustainability oriented state (MSOS). In time, the MSOS becomes the SQ novo, and the process starts again. Planning such organisational changes could help companies better overcome resistance to change and integrate their efforts for was sustainability more holistically, including technological and human changes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The Diversity of Techniques to Study Electrochemically Active Biofilms Highlights the Need for Standardization
Authors: Harnisch Falk , Rabaey Korneel 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMicrobial bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) employ whole microorganisms to catalyze electrode reactions. BESs allow electricity generation from wastewater, electricity‐driven (bio)production, biosensing, and bioremediation. Many of these processes are perceived as highly promising; however, to date the performance of particularly bioproduction processes is not yet at the level required for practical applications. Critical to enabling high catalytic activity are the electrochemically active microorganisms. Whether the biocatalyst comes as a planktonic cell, a surface monolayer of cells, or a fully developed biofilm, effective electron transfer and process performance need to be achieved. However, despite many different approaches and extensive research, many questions regarding the functioning of electroactive microorganisms remain open. This is certainly due to the complexity of bioelectrochemical processes, as they depend on microbial, electrochemical, physical‐chemical, and operational considerations. This versatility and complexity calls for a plethora of analytical tools required to study electrochemically active microorganisms, especially biofilms. Here, we present an overview of the parameters defining electroactive microbial biofilms (EABfs) and the analytical toolbox available to study them at different levels of resolution. As we will show, a broad diversity of techniques have been applied to this field; however, these have often led to conflicting information. Consequently, to alleviate this and further mature the field of BES research, a standardized framework appears essential.