bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness of disaster preparedness between administrative staff and residents in the vicinity of the Genkai and Ikata nuclear power plants following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster
Authors: Yamamoto Chika , Sawano Toyoaki , Eguchi Yuichiro , Fukazawa Shinya , Zhao Tianchen , Ochi Genro , Tsubokura Masaharu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
When considering disaster preparedness, one challenge is mitigating the health impacts of evacuations. Nuclear disaster preparedness has evolved based on past experiences from numerous disasters, including the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reporting on the awareness of administrative staff, medical personnel, and residents in the areas surrounding nuclear power plants (NPPs). This study reports on a survey aimed at gaining insights into the understanding and current state of disaster preparedness and elucidating the differences in perceptions of nuclear disaster preparedness among the relevant stakeholders surrounding NPPs. Interview surveys were conducted from 14 to 16 September 2022 in the area surrounding Kyushu Electric Power’s Genkai NPP in Saga Prefecture and from 11 to 13 January 2023 in the area around Shikoku Electric Power’s Ikata NPP. The surveys targeted administrative, medical, and nursing care facilities and residents. Responses from 57 participants indicated a lack of awareness of natural and nuclear disasters, challenges in evacuation planning, and a gap between nuclear disaster training and residents’ understanding of evacuation protocols. This study highlights inadequacies in nuclear disaster preparedness and the need for a better understanding among residents regarding evacuation procedures. This study identified three key issues: (1) a lack of awareness about disasters, including nuclear disasters; (2) concerns about complex disasters and the difficulties in creating evacuation plans; and (3) a discrepancy between nuclear disaster training and residents’ understanding of evacuation procedures. To bridge this gap, it is important to deepen residents’ understanding of nuclear disasters, continuously convey the lessons learned from the FDNPP accident, and regularly reassess and update nuclear disaster preparedness strategies.
Step height measurement of monoatomic silicon crystal lattice steps with a commercial atomic force microscope
Authors: Lawn Malcolm A , Bolton Zoe , Murphy Layne , Gartner Samuel , Oh Yechan , Coleman Victoria A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Precise control of advanced materials relies on accurate dimensional metrology at the sub-nanometre scale. At this scale, the accuracy of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has been limited by the lack of traceable transfer standard artefacts with calibration structures of suitable dimensions. With the adoption in 2019 of the silicon crystal lattice spacing as a secondary realization of the metre in the International System of Units (SI), SPM users have direct access to a realization of the SI metre at the sub-nanometre level by means of the step height of self-assembled monatomic lattice steps that can form on the surface of silicon crystals. A key challenge of successfully adopting this pathway is establishing protocols to minimize measurement errors and artefacts in routine laboratory use. In this study, step height measurements of monoatomic lattice steps in an ordinal/staircase structure on a Si(111) crystal surface have been derived from images acquired with a commercially available, research-level atomic force microscope (AFM). Measurement results derived from AFM images using three different SPM image processing and analysis software packages are compared. Significant sources of measurement uncertainty are identified, principally the contribution from the dependence on scan direction. The calibration of the AFM derived from this measurement was used to traceably measure the sub-nanometre lattice steps on a silicon carbide crystal surface to demonstrate the viability of this calibration pathway.
Motor online novelty detection scheme based on one-class hyperdisk
Authors: Yang Bin , He Zhiyi , Shao Haidong , Xu Xiaoqiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Online novelty detection is of great importance in the series production of motors. This study developed an online novelty detection scheme for motors based on a one-class hyperdisk (OCHD) model. In the OCHD approach, the decision boundary is estimated using a hyperdisk (HD), which is derived from the training sample set. The HD model addresses the underestimation issue commonly associated with convex-hull-based methods by providing a more accurate estimation of the class region. Furthermore, an optimal separating hyperplane is constructed at the nearest point on the HD by solving a quadratically constrained quadratic program problem. Statistical features refined by the Laplacian score are employed in the proposed novelty detection scheme. This study introduces an online novelty detection scheme for assessing motor quality in actual series production. The test results from the offline experiment demonstrate the superiority of the OCHD method. Datasets collected at the end of the production line were evaluated using the proposed novelty detection scheme. The inspection results for motor components confirm that the proposed method effectively identifies faulty motors during the series production process.
Modification of WS2 thin film properties using high dose gamma irradiation
Authors: Jadhav P R , Kolhe P T , Ghemud V S , Shelke P N , Patole S P , Dhole S D , Dahiwale S S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The tunability of the transition metal dichalcogenide properties has gained attention from numerous researchers due to their wide application in various fields including quantum technology. In the present work, WS2 has been deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide substrate and its properties have been studied systematically. These samples were irradiated using gamma radiation for various doses, and the effect on structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties has been reported. The crystallinity of the material is observed to be decreased, and the results are well supported by x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy techniques. The increase in grain boundaries has been supported by the agglomeration observed in the scanning electron microscopy micrographs. The XPS results of WS2 after gamma irradiation show evolution of oxygen, carbon, C=O, W–O and SO4
−2 peaks, confirming the addition of impurities and formation of point defect. The gamma irradiation creates point defects, and their density increases considerably with increasing gamma dosage. These defects crucially altered the structural, optical and electrical properties of the material. The reduction in the optical band gap with increased gamma irradiation is evident from the absorption spectra and respective Tauc plots. The I–V graphs show a 1000-fold increase in the saturation current after 100 kGy gamma irradiation dose. This work has explored the gamma irradiation effect on the WS2 and suggests substantial modification in the material and enhancement in electrical properties.
Line and load regulation: a microcontroller-based experiment
Authors: Önder Fatih 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Voltage regulators, the most common application of Zener diodes, are included in many electronic devices we use in our daily lives. Therefore, students need to learn about regulators to understand the place of Zener diodes in modern electronic technologies. This study focuses on a microcontroller-based experiment that can be used to teach line and load regulation with real-time graphics. The main advantage of the designed experiment over its classical equivalent is its ability to display autonomous and real-time data display. It also eliminates the problem of determining the load resistance, which is the main difficulty of the classical experiment.
Taking on a new meaning of physics mathematization for teaching in teacher education processes
Authors: Castiblanco Abril Olga Lucía , Vizcaíno Arévalo Diego Fabián 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This is a documented reflection that seeks to characterize an alternative conception of the ‘mathematization of physics for teaching’. The reflection was made on the academic production of the research group ‘Teaching and learning of physics’. This group has posed a sequence of research questions has been raised to find out how physics teachers understand the relationship between physics and mathematics in the physics teaching process. In 2003 they studied the idea of ‘mathematical beauty’ in the early days of quantum mechanics, suggesting that there would be a difference between the way scientists assume the physical/mathematical relationship and the way physics is taught. In 2010, they wondered if there would be research in this field that would allow transformations in teaching focused on equations as the set of mathematical–physical relationships, finding that there are at least three trends. In 2019, they verified that despite the research in the literature, many students continue with the same reductionist idea about this relationship. In 2020, they made a proposal, showing a possibility of educating the teacher’s thinking for new understandings in this regard. The main conclusion is that it is possible to develop mathematization processes in the classroom from three specific phases that educate scientific thinking. The first phase tries to make the student aware of the existence of phenomenology and describe it. The second phase educates the study of nature in a systematic way, building the meaning of the organization of a physical system. The third phase promotes explanation and argument so that students achieve an explanatory model. These phases are configured as a criterion to guide the sequence of activities in a class, a set of classes or a complete course and have been worked on and tested in ‘physics didactics’ courses in a physics teacher training course.
An indirect estimation of x-ray spectrum via convolutional neural network and transmission measurement
Authors: Lv Tie , Xu Shouping , Wang Yanxin , Zhang Gaolong , Niu Tianye , Liu Chunyan , Sun Baohua , Geng Lisheng , Zhu Lihua , Zhao Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. In this work, we aim to propose an accurate and robust spectrum estimation method by synergistically combining x-ray imaging physics with a convolutional neural network (CNN). Approach. The approach relies on transmission measurements, and the estimated spectrum is formulated as a convolutional summation of a few model spectra generated using Monte Carlo simulation. The difference between the actual and estimated projections is utilized as the loss function to train the network. We contrasted this approach with the weighted sums of model spectra approach previously proposed. Comprehensive studies were performed to demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the proposed approach in various scenarios. Main results. The results show the desirable accuracy of the CNN-based method for spectrum estimation. The ME and NRMSE were −0.021 keV and 3.04% for 80 kVp, and 0.006 keV and 4.44% for 100 kVp, superior to the previous approach. The robustness test and experimental study also demonstrated superior performances. The CNN-based approach yielded remarkably consistent results in phantoms with various material combinations, and the CNN-based approach was robust concerning spectrum generators and calibration phantoms. Significance. We proposed a method for estimating the real spectrum by integrating a deep learning model with real imaging physics. The results demonstrated that this method was accurate and robust in estimating the spectrum, and it is potentially helpful for broad x-ray imaging tasks.
A new model of thermo-mechanical actuation for twisted and coiled polymer muscles with initial curvature
Authors: Liu Lei , Liu Hao , Zhang Zhiya , Liu Dabiao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The twisted and coiled polymer (TCP) artificial muscle is one type of novel soft actuator for mimicking natural skeletal muscle that can provide large linear and torsional actuation and energy density. Twisting and coiling are the pivotal steps in fabricating TCP muscles. The influence of twisting on the actuation response of TCP muscles has been extensively investigated recently. However, the influence of coiling remains unclear. Based on the finite strain theory, we establish a new thermo-mechanical actuation model for TCP muscles with initial curvature. The theoretical predictions based on the model align well with the finite element simulations, accurately capturing the actuation response of thermally-activated TCP muscles. It is revealed that twisting contributes positively to the actuation, while coiling has a passive effect. Geometrical parameters, such as the helix radius and helix angle, can effectively regulate the actuation performance of TCP muscles. Furthermore, an optimal bias angle is identified that maximizes both the recovery torque and the linear actuation. This study sheds light on the structural optimization design of TCP muscles.
Design and performance analysis of high-speed on/off valve based on energy-coupled actuator
Authors: Dai Jin , Yang Chenghao , Xiong Shaoping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The development digital hydraulics demands higher performance on high-speed on/off valves. In order to fully exploit the energy saving advantages of digital hydraulics, advanced high-speed valves are expected to possess a fast response and a large nominal flow rate simultaneously. Energy-coupled-actuator (ECA) utilizes the shear working mode of magnetic rheological fluid to achieve reciprocating motion of the valve spool through the coupling/decoupling of a pair of disks and a translational piece and its driving force is not affected by the valve spool’s position. The reported advantages of ECA meets the design requirements of actuators for high-speed on/off valve. This study gives the detailed design proposal of high-speed valve based on ECA (ECAV). The work also established a multi-physics coupled model for ECAV, calculated the key parameters of the valve driving system, and predicted the switching performance of ECAV. Finally, a prototype of ECAV with updated sealing solution between the actuator and valve block was fabricated and experimental tested. The results indicate that for current ECAV prototype successfully established 40 l min−1@5 bar (1.5 mm stroke) using response time less than 7 ms. Moreover, the prototype only consumed 14 ms to reach a long stroke of 5 mm with a significantly increased ratio of stroke over response time.
Topological pumping induced by spatiotemporal modulation of interaction
Authors: Huang Boning , Ke Yongguan , Liu Wenjie , Lee Chaohong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Particle-particle interaction provides a new degree of freedom to induce novel topological phenomena. Here, we propose to use spatiotemporal modulation of interaction to realize topological pumping without a single-particle counterpart. Because the modulation breaks time-reversal symmetry, the multiparticle energy bands of bound states have none-zero Chern number, and support topological bound edge states. In a Thouless pump, a bound state that uniformly occupies a topological energy band can be shifted by integer unit cells per cycle, consistent with the corresponding Chern number. We can also realize topological pumping of bound edge state from one end to another. The entanglement entropy between particles rapidly increases at transition points, which is related to the spatial spread of a bounded pair. In addition, we propose to realize hybridized pumping with fractional displacement per cycle by adding an extra tilt potential to separate topological pumping of the bound state and Bloch oscillations of single particle. Our work could trigger further studies of correlated topological phenomena that do not have a single-particle counterpart.
A basic examination of the gauged model of the Floreanini-Jackiw chiral boson within the framework of BRST symmetry
Authors: Ghoshal Sanjib , Rahaman Anisur 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We consider the gauged model of Floreanini-Jackiw chiral boson which is generated from the chiral boson with parameter-free Faddeevian anomaly. This model does not have a manifestly Lorentz co-variant structure. However, it is exactly solvable and has a physical subspace that is precisely Lorentz invariant. The recommendation of Mitra and Rajaraman makes this model gauge invariant in the usual phasespace. Additionally, Wess-Zumino terms for this model are constructed to make it gauge-invariant which allows BRST embedding of the resulting gauge-invariant theory. Despite the strange structural appearance of the models when viewed in terms of Lorentz covariance BRST invariant reformulation has been found possible. Additionally, it has been observed that being supplemented with BRST symmetry, anti-BRST symmetry plays a crucial role in pinpointing the specific symmetric physical states.
A conceptual review on Bessel beams
Authors: Rao A Srinivasa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Over the past 36 years much research has been carried out on Bessel beams (BBs) owing to their peculiar properties, viz non-diffraction behavior, self-healing nature, possession of well-defined orbital angular momentum with helical wave-front, and realization of smallest central lobe. Here, we provide a detailed review on BBs from their inception to recent developments. We outline the fundamental concepts involved in the origin of the BB. The theoretical foundation of these beams was described and then their experimental realization through different techniques was explored. We provide an elaborate discussion on the different kinds of structured modes produced by the BB. The advantages and challenges that come with the generation and applications of the BB are discussed with examples. This review provides reference material for readers who wish to work with non-diffracting modes and promotes the application of such modes in interdisciplinary research areas.
Statistical conformal Killing vector fields for FLRW space-time
Authors: Peyghan E , Nourmohammadifar L , Iosifidis D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The classification of conformal Killing vector fields for FLRW space-time from Riemannian point of view was done by Maartens-Maharaj in [1]. In this paper, we introduce conformal Killing vector fields from a new point of view for the FLRW space-time. In particular, we consider three cases for the conformal factor. Then, it is shown that there exist nine conformal vector fields on FLRW in total, such that six of them are Killing and the rest being non-Killing conformal vector fields. Consequently, by recalling the concept of statistical conformal Killing vector fields introduced in [2], we classify statistical structures whith repsect to which these vector fields are conformal Killing. We also obtain the form of affine connections that feature a vanishing Lie derivative with respect to these conformal Killing vector fields. Imposing the torsion-free and the Codazzi conditions on these connections, we study statistical structures on FLRW. Finally, for torsionful connections we study the vanishing of the Lie derivative of the torsion tensor with respect to these conformal Killing vector fields and derive the conditions under which this is valid.
Design and sensitivity analysis of GAA nanowire dopingless FET based label free biosensor
Authors: Solay Leo Raj , Kumar Naveen , Singh Sarabdeep , Amin S Intekhab , Yuvaraja Saravanan , Anand Sunny 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a highly sensitive nanoscale label-free biosensor upon charge plasma based gate-all-around nanowire dopingless field effect transistor (GAA NW DL FET Biosensor) for the detection of biomolecules. The proposed sensor device structure employs charge plasma and dopingless approaches to eliminate the requirement for doping. The thermionic emission of FET structures increases the device’s current sensitivity (SI) for various targeted biomolecules introduced through the nanocavity created at the source side/metal of the proposed biosensor. To test the significant sensing performance of the device proposed herein, the biomolecules streptavidin with a dielectric constant (K) of 2.1, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) with a K value of 3.57, and protein with a K value of 8 are utilized. The proposed sensor resulted in drain current sensitivity as high as 1.4 of protein biomolecule. An extensive analysis was performed to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed sensor with process-related issues such as cavity length variations ranging from 21 nm to 3 nm and real-time related issues such as fill factor variations ranging from 20% to 100% and interface charges for the targeted biomolecules, and their sensitivity parameters were investigated, demonstrating the promising features of GAA NW DL FET biosensor as an ultrasensitive biosensor for clinical applications.
Investigation of negative differential resistance on negative capacitance Germanium source vertical TFET
Authors: Vanlalawmpuia K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this article, a systematic investigation of negative differential resistance (NDR) on a negative capacitance Germanium source vertical TFET (NC-Ge-vTFET) is presented. The implementation and increased ferroelectric (FE) film thickness (t
FE) offers a significantly high current ratio, improved subthreshold slope, high transconductance with a very low hysteresis voltage. However, NDR is exhibited and is increasingly prominent at lower gate voltage and higher t
FE due to the coupling of the internal gate and drain voltages. NDR is an undesired effect in analog circuits that has to be mitigated. To suppress the impacts of NDR on the device, different approaches are carried out: varying the overlap channel thickness, gate length, drain doping and gate-drain underlap. Circuit analysis is carried out with the implementation of NC-Ge-vTFET as digital inverter. When the gate-drain underlap length is increased from 0 nm to 15 nm, the propagation delay is significantly reduced by 30.98%. Benchmarking of the proposed device has also been carried out. This renders the gate-drain underlapped NC-Ge-vTFET to be a viable candidate for high performance, nanoscale, low power digital applications.
Regulation of monolayer MgGeN2 thin film with uniaxial and biaxial strain
Authors: Yu Yi , Chen Kai , Chang Xiangrong , Ma Xiumin , Pan Min , Chu Longsheng , Hu Chunfeng , Feng Qingguo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The regulation of electronic and optical properties with uniaxial and biaxial strain is computationally investigated for the monolayer thin film of a newly discovered quasi-layered MgGeN2 phase. It is found that, under uniaxial compression in both [100] and [010] directions with the perpendicular lattice parameter relaxable, the band gap will first increases and then decreases, while under uniaxial tensile strain the band gap decreases monotonically and the light absorption in the visible region is strongly enhanced. When uniaxial compression was applied with the perpendicular lattice constant fixed, the band gap behaves like the first kind of uniaxial compression and the light absorption is enhanced in visible range by compression. When biaxial strain was applied, the band gap shows a monotonic decrease from the largest compression down to the largest tensile strain, while the light absorption behaves in the opposite way. Therefore, the band structure and light absorption of monolayer MgGeN2 can be efficiently tuned with strain and stress, which can potentially be used for the MgGeN2 film in device design, thus promoting its applications in optoelectronics and photocatalysis.