bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision making in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease - A single-institution comparative study using information from color doppler and digital subtraction angiogram studies
Authors: Koshy Chiramel G , Chacko Binita R , Keshava Shyamkumar N , Stephen Edwin , Agarwal Sunil 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have compared the accuracy of color Doppler (CD) with that of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, only a few have looked at the influence of these diagnostic tests on the treatment decision in PAD. Aim: This study evaluated the differences in treatment decisions that were based on CD and with those based on DSA findings. Methods and Materials: Findings from CD and DSA studies obtained in 40 patients were entered on line diagrams by two radiologists working separately. These were randomized and sent to three experienced clinicians - two vascular surgeons and one interventional radiologist. The treatment decisions of the clinicians based on each proforma were collected and analyzed to look for the degree of agreement between Doppler-based and DSA-based decisions. Results: There was fair to moderate agreement between CD-based and DSA-based decisions for all three clinicians, with some improvement in agreement with the addition of clinical data. The vascular surgeons showed better agreement with each other on treatment decisions compared to the interventional radiologist who showed a fair-to-moderate level of agreement with the vascular surgeons, which did not significantly change with the addition of clinical data. Conclusion: There is a fair to moderate agreement between treatment decisions based on CD findings and those based on DSA findings. We conclude that CD along with clinical data is sufficient to make decisions in the treatment of PAD.
Use of Medical Care after a Community—Based Health Promotion Program: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Cousins Margaret , McDowell Ian 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To assess the effects of health promotion on the use of medical care services in a community setting. Design. Quasi-experimental, multiple time points, case-comparison group. Setting. Community health center in Ottawa, Canada. Sample. 520 volunteer participants in a health promotion program and 932 matched comparison subjects. Intervention. The health promotion program consisted of a weekend workshop on health behaviors, lifestyle assessment, and identification of weekly goals for change. This was followed by 18 months of support (5 group sessions, weekly telephone calls, and optional individual sessions). Measurement. Computerized data on health care use 6 months before, 18 months during, and 6 months after the program were obtained from Ontario's universal Health Insurance Plan (OHIP). These data were used to determine the number and system costs of visits made by participants and comparisons. Results. When controlling for baseline differences through analysis of covariance, program participants were found to have higher costs and more visits for ambulatory care during the first year ( p < .01) and second year (p <.05) of follow-up. Participants used significantly more diagnostic services than comparisons during both years of follow-up. Participants were also more likely to use more counseling and psychotherapy services in year 1 (relative risk, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.28, 1.81) and year 2 (relative risk, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.31, 1.89). No differences were found between participant and comparison groups in visits for medical consultations and assessments or preventive services. Conclusion. No evidence shows that this health promotion program reduced use in this population over the 2-year follow-up period.
Race Differences in the Proportion of Low Birth Weight Attributable to Maternal Cigarette Smoking in a Low-Income Population
Authors: Barnett Elizabeth 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To quantify race differences in the public health impact of maternal cigarette smoking on infant birth weight and to estimate the proportion of low birth weight births that could be prevented by maternal smoking cessation. Design. A cohort that consisted of 77,751 mother-infant pairs was evaluated retrospectively. Setting. Statewide study of Women, Infants and Children participants in North Carolina. Subjects. African-American and non-Hispanic white women who delivered a single live infant during 1988, 1989, or 1990. Measures. Logistic regression estimates of the relative risk of low birth weight births for smokers were used to calculate adjusted population attributable risk percentages for smoking. Separate population attributable risk percentages were calculated for total low birth weight, moderately low birth weight, and very low birth weight, and all estimates were adjusted for prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, age, education, parity, and timing of entry into prenatal care. Results. Non-Hispanic whites had a much higher prevalence of smoking and were heavier smokers than African-Americans. For both moderately low birth weight and very low birth weight, the population attributable risk percentages for smoking were twice as high for non-Hispanic whites than for African-Americans. Overall, after adjustment, 30.7% of low birth weight births among non-Hispanic whites and 14.4% of low birth weight births among African-Americans were attributable to smoking. Conclusions. Although the public health impact of maternal cigarette smoking on infant birth weight was twice as high for non-Hispanic whites as for African-Americans in this low-income population, smoking cessation by all low-income pregnant women would result in significant improvements in infant health and well-being.
Cigarette Smoking and Self-Reported Health Problems among U.S. High School Seniors, 1982–1989
Authors: Arday David R. , Giovino Gary A. , Schulman Jane , Nelson David E. , Mowery Paul , Samet Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose.To estimate the independent effect of cigarette smoking on respiratory tract symptoms and health status indicators among high school seniors.Design.Consolidated data sets from one-time cross-sectional survey designs.Setting.High schools in the United States, 1982–1989.Sample.A total of 26,504 high school seniors, with an 83% response rate.Measures.Odds ratios for respiratory tract symptoms and health status indicators for cigarette smokers compared with nonsmokers, while controlling for sex, socioeconomic status, and use of other drugs.Results.High school seniors who were regular cigarette smokers and who began smoking by grade nine were significantly more likely than never smokers to report shortness of breath when not exercising (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2. 7), coughing spells (OR = 2.1), productive cough (OR = 2.4), and wheezing or gasping (OR = 2.6). These smokers were also more likely to have seen a doctor or other health professional for an emotional or psychologic complaint (OR = 3.0) and to rate their overall health as poorer than average (OR = 2.4). We found strong dose-response relationships for most outcome measures.Conclusions.Cigarette smoking among high school seniors is associated with respiratory tract symptoms and poorer overall physical health and may be a marker for underlying mental health problems. Smoking prevention activities directed at adolescents should include information on the early adverse health consequences of cigarette smoking.
Characteristics of Health Promotion Programs in Federal Worksites: Findings from the Federal Employee Worksite Project
Authors: Carter William B. , Omenn Gilbert S. , Martin Mona , Crump Carolyn , Grunbaum Jo Anne , Williams O. Dale 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To describe how well-established health promotion programs at selected federal worksites were designed, organized, and implemented and to identify factors related to employee participation. Design. This descriptive study related characteristics of the health promotion program, worksites, and workforce to employee participation and perceptions of program impacts. Setting. The study was conducted at 10 established federal worksite health promotion programs in various regions of the country. Subjects. A total of 3403 of 5757 federal employees (59%) sampled completed employee surveys. Measures. Study data were collected from on-site observations, interviews, focus groups, and employee surveys. Results. Overall, program participation rates were high, and employees reported positive impacts on their health and attitudes toward the agency. Participation in health screening, perceived program convenience, and perceived support by management and others were important determinants of participation and of perceived work-related outcomes. Conclusions. Although site selection and response rate limit generalizability, the sites evaluated represent a broad cross-section of different types and sizes of agencies. The findings should be relevant in many other settings. Study programs compare favorably with private sector programs. Employees viewed the programs very positively. The most cogent challenge in justifying these, and perhaps other, worksite programs is that most participants already or simultaneously engage in health promotion activities elsewhere “on their own.”
Psychosocial Factors Associated with Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
Authors: Krebs-Smith Susan M. , Heimendinger Jerianne , Patterson Blossom H. , Subar Amy F. , Kessler Ronald , Pivonka Elizabeth 
Published: December 2011

Purpose.This study examined the relationship between various psychosocial factors and fruit and vegetable consumption.Design.The 5 A Day Baseline Survey, conducted in August 1991, just before the initiation of the 5 A Day for Better Health Program, obtained data on adults' intakes of, and their knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes regarding, fruits and vegetables.Setting.The survey was conducted by telephone.Subjects.Subjects were 2811 adults (response rate, 43%) aged 18 years and older in the 48 coterminous United States.Measures.Fruit and vegetable intake was measured as self-reported frequency of use; most of the psychosocial variables were measured using Likert scales.Results.This study estimates that only 8% of American adults thought that five or more servings of fruits and vegetables were needed for good health. Of the factors studied, the most important in determining someone's fruit and vegetable intake were the number of servings they thought they should have in a day, whether they liked the taste, and whether they had been in the habit of eating many fruits and vegetables since childhood. These few factors accounted for 15% more of the variation in fruit and vegetable consumption than did demographic variables alone (8%).Conclusions.Nutrition education should stress the need to eat five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day because few adults are aware of this recommendation and such knowledge is strongly associated with increased intake. Furthermore, efforts to increase the palatability of fruits and vegetables, especially among children, should be promoted.
Longitudinal Shifts in Employees' Stages and Processes of Exercise Behavior Change
Authors: Marcus Bess H. , Simkin Laurey R. , Rossi Joseph S. , Pinto Bernardine M. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. This study examines the usefulness of using the stages and processes of change model to explore exercise adoption and maintenance over time. Design. Data for this study were collected as part of the baseline and follow-up survey of participants in a worksite health promotion project. Subjects. Three hundred fourteen employees completed exercise questionnaires. The average age was 41 years, mean body mass index was 26, average years of education were 13, and 66% were women. Setting. The study was conducted in two worksites, a retail outlet and a manufacturing company. Measures. Previously validated questionnaires to determine stages and processes of exercise adoption were administered at baseline and 6-month follow-up, along with questions about demographic variables. Results. Four patterns of stage change emerged: subjects who became more active (adopters, 26%), those who became less active (relapsers, 15%), and those who did not change over time (stable sedentary, 32%; stable active, 27%). Adopters displayed increases in use of the processes of change, whereas relapsers displayed decreases in process use. Stable profiles were associated with no change in process use. Conclusions. These findings have important implications for research on exercise adoption and maintenance. Interventions tailored specifically to subjects' stage of readiness to be active and using specific processes to help in the change process are warranted at this time.
HYSTERESIS CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH MODULUS LOW SHRINKAGE POLYESTER TIRE YARN AND CORD
Authors: Samui Barun Kumar , Prakasan Manikanda Priya , Chakrabarty D. , Mukhopadhyay R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Hysteresis characteristics of high modulus low shrinkage (HMLS) polyester tire yarn and cord were evaluated to determine “specific work loss,” which indicate its heat generation characteristics. Test parameters were selectively chosen, considering the service conditions of high-speed passenger radial tires in which HMLS polyester tire cords are predominantly used. Specific work loss was found to increase exponentially with the increase in extent of stress relief. Dynamic property of this yarn and cord was also studied to determine “loss tangent (tan δ),” which influences rolling resistance of tires in service. A good correlation has been found between specific work loss of hysteresis test (a slow speed test) and tan δ of dynamic test (a high-speed test). Dynamic property of polyester dipped cord was investigated for a wide range of temperatures (100–180 °C) and frequencies (5–25 Hz). Tan δ at 100 °C was found to be relatively low and its magnitude remained at the same level for a wide range of frequencies. This is a favorable condition for the high-speed passenger radial tires, made out of HMLS polyester tire yarn. Microstructure of HMLS polyester yarn was analyzed. Crystallinity is around 43% (measured by Wide angle x-ray scattering); crystal width and long period are 61 and 142 Å, respectively.
Evaluation of potential dietary toxicity of heavy metals in some common Nigerian beverages: A look at antimony, tin and mercury
Authors: Roberts I.I. , Orisakwe O.E. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
There is currently little information on the composition of heavy metals in beverages imported and locally produced in Nigeria. The study quantitatively determined the composition of antimony (Sb), tin (Sn) and mercury (Hg) in 50 different beverage samples and evaluated the extent of violation of guideline values. Analysis of the beverage samples for the presence of Sb, Sn, and Hg was carried out using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) 929. The mean values detected for mercury, tin and antimony (±SE) in fruit juices and soft drinks were 2.39±0.25, 3.66±0.22 and 0.49±0.048 μg/l; 2.93±0.34, 3.60±0.46 and 0.49±0.10 μg/l in dairy drinks and 0.94±0.02, 4.34±0.48 and 0.48±0.05 μg/l in bottled water samples respectively. While antimony detected in all products was below guideline values, mercury and tin were above the acceptable levels established by the World Health Organization, United States Environmental Protection Agency and European Union in most samples tested.
Direct Enantioselective Three‐Component Kabachnik–Fields Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral Bis(imidazoline)‐Zinc(II) Catalysts
Authors: Ohara Mutsuyo , Nakamura Shuichi , Shibata Norio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA direct three‐component reaction of aldehydes, amines and diaryl phosphites was catalyzed by a zinc(II) complex of 1,3‐bis(imidazolin‐2‐ly)pyridine (pybim) giving the corresponding α‐aminophosphonates in good yield with good enantioselectivity. The reaction was applied to a wide variety of aromatic aldehydes to give products with excellent yields (up to 99%) and enantiomeric excesses (up to 93% ee).
The Effect of Crystallinity on the Rapid Pseudocapacitive Response of Nb2O5
Authors: Kim Jong Woung , Augustyn Veronica , Dunn Bruce 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCapacitive energy storage offers several attractive properties compared to batteries, including higher power, faster charging, and a longer cycle life. A key limitation to this electrochemical energy‐storage approach is its low energy density and, for this reason, there is considerable interest in identifying pseudocapacitor materials where faradaic reactions are used to achieve greater charge storage. This paper reports on the electrochemical properties of Nb2O5 and establishes that crystalline phases of the material undergo fast faradaic reactions that lead to high specific capacitance in short charging times. In particular, the specific capacitance for the orthorhombic phase at infinite sweep rate reaches ≈400 F g−1, which exceeds that of birnessite MnO2 in nonaqueous electrolyte and is comparable to RuO2 at the same extrapolated rate. The specific capacitances of the orthorhombic and pseudohexagonal phases are much greater than that of the amorphous phase, suggesting that the faradaic reactions which lead to additional capacitive energy storage are associated with Li+ insertion along preferred crystallographic pathways. The ability for Nb2O5 to store charge at high rates despite its wide bandgap and low electronic conductivity is very different from what is observed with other transition metal oxides.
Inhibition of glycoprotein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum as a novel anticancer mechanism of (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate
Authors: Konta Laura , Száraz Péter , Magyar Judit É. , Révész Katalin , Bánhegyi Gábor , Mandl József , Csala Miklós 
Published: December 2011

Abstract(−)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) has been found to trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR) likely due to the inhibition of glucosidase II, a key enzyme of glycoprotein processing and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These findings strongly suggest that EGCG interferes with glycoprotein maturation and sorting in the ER. This hypothesis was tested in SK‐Mel28 human melanoma cells by assessing the effect of EGCG and deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) on the synthesis of two endogenous glycoproteins. Both tyrosinase and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels were remarkably reduced despite unaltered mRNA expression in EGCG‐ or DNJ‐treated cells compared to control. The hindrance of tyrosinase and VEGF protein synthesis could be prevented by proteasome inhibitor, lactacystine. Collectively, our results support that glucosidase II inhibitor EGCG interferes with protein processing and quality control in the ER, which diverts tyrosinase, VEGF, and likely other glycoproteins towards proteasomal degradation. This mechanism provides a novel therapeutic approach in dermatology and might play an important role in the antitumor effect or hepatotoxicity of EGCG.
Sesquiterpenoids and Diarylheptanoids from Nidus Vespae and Their Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production
Authors: He Jiang‐Bo , Yan Yong‐Ming , Ma Xiu‐Jing , Lu Qing , Li Xue‐Song , Su Jia , Li Yan , Liu Guang‐Ming , Cheng Yong‐Xian 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTwo coriamyrtin‐type sesquiterpenes, fengfangin A (1) and tutin (2), and six diarylheptanoids, namely alnusone (3), centrolobol (4), muricarpone B (5), 1‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐7‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)heptan‐3‐one (6), (3S)‐1‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐7‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)heptan‐3‐ol (7), and (3S)‐1‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐7‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)heptan‐3‐ol (8), were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of nidus vespae, the nest of Polistes species. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 and 8 are new products. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis using Flack parameter. The biological tests showed that compounds 5, 6, and 8 could inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values in the range of 13–17 μM, whereas the sesquiterpenes were inactive in this assay (>25 μM). In addition, the ecological significance of the presence of neurotoxic sesquiterpene lactones in nidus vespae is briefly discussed.
Terpene Chemodiversity of Relict Conifers Picea omorika, Pinus heldreichii, and Pinus peuce, Endemic to Balkan
Authors: Nikolić Biljana , Ristić Mihailo , Tešević Vele , Marin Petar D. , Bojović Srdjan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTerpenes are often used as ecological and chemotaxonomic markers of plant species, as well as for estimation of geographic variability. Essential oils of relic and Balkan endemic/subendemic conifers, Picea omorika, Pinus heldreichii, and P. peuce, in central part of Balkan Peninsula (Serbia and Montenegro), on the level of terpene classes and common terpene compounds were investigated. In finding terpene combinations, which could show the best diversity between species and their natural populations, several statistical methods were applied. Apart from the content of different terpene classes (P. omorika has the most abundant O‐containing monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes; P. heldreichii and P. peuce have the largest abundance of sesquiterpene and monoterpene hydrocarbons, resp.), the species are clearly separated according to terpene profile with 22 common compounds. But, divergences in their populations were established only in combination of several compounds (specific for each species), and they were found to be the results of geomorphologic, climatic, and genetic factors. We found similarities between investigated species and some taxa from literature with respect to terpene composition, possibly due to hybridization and phylogenetic relations. Obtained results are also important regarding to chemotaxonomy, biogeography, phylogeny, and evolution of these taxa.
The union of Anti‐CD34 antibody can improve the performance of drug‐eluting stents
Authors: Yang Xing‐Sheng , Zhu Hua‐Gang , Yu Zhan‐Jiang , Ren Fang , Chen Yong‐Qiang , Wu Xi , Zhang Zheng‐Cai , Zhang Li‐Jie , Lu Shu‐Zheng 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectives: The authors investigate whether the combination of anti‐CD34 antibody with DES is win–win cooperation. Background: DES may reduce the risk of restenosis compared to bare‐metal stents (BMS), but they were found to inhibit the healing process of intima. Methods: Fifteen BMS, 17 DES, and 16 combined anti‐CD34 antibody and DES were randomly implanted in the coronary arteries of 22 minipigs. Ten minipigs were followed up to 2 weeks. The stenting coronary segments were examined by histological examination and scanning electron microscopy after in vivo coronary angiography and intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations. The other 12 minipigs were followed up to 3 months. Coronary angiography and intracoronary OCT examination were performed in vivo and histological examination was performed on the stenting coronary segments. Results: After 2 weeks, the neointimal covering level of the DES was lower than that in BMS, but the covering level of the combined stents was even better than the BMS. After 3 months, neointimal hyperplasia was significant in the BMS, but not in the other two types of stents. The in‐stent late lumen loss of the combined stents even showed a decreasing tendency when compared with the DES. Conclusion: The combination of anti‐CD34 antibody and DES can not only well offset the short‐term inhibitory effect on re‐endothelialization but also slightly enhance the long‐term antiproliferative effect. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.