bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exergaming and cognitive functions in people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chan Joyce Y. C. , Liu Jiani , Chan Aaron T. C. , Tsoi Kelvin K. F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExergaming is a combination of exercise and gaming. Evidence shows an association between exercise and cognition in older people. However, previous studies showed inconsistent results on the cognitive benefits of exergaming in people with cognitive impairment. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of exergaming intervention on cognitive functions in people with MCI or dementia. A systematic literature search was conducted via OVID databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examined the effect of an exergaming intervention on cognitive functions in people with MCI or dementia were included. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the type of intervention and training duration. Twenty RCTs with 1152 participants were identified, including 14 trials for MCI and 6 trials for dementia. In people with MCI, 13 studies used virtual-reality (VR)-based exergaming. Those who received VR-based exergaming showed significantly better global cognitive function [SMD (95%CI) = 0.67 (0.23–1.11)], learning and memory [immediate recall test: 0.79 (0.31–1.27); delayed recall test: 0.75 (0.20–1.31)], working memory [5.83 (2.27–9.39)], verbal fluency [0.58 (0.12–1.03)], and faster in executive function than the controls. For people with dementia, all studies used video-based exergaming intervention. Participants with exergaming intervention showed significantly better global cognitive function than the controls [0.38 (0.10–0.67)]. Subgroup analyses showed that longer training duration generated larger effects. The findings suggest that exergaming impacts cognitive functions in people with MCI and dementia. Cognitive benefits are demonstrated for those with a longer training duration. With technological advancement, VR-based exergaming attracts the attention of people with MCI and performs well in improving cognitive functions.
Dimension reduction approach for understanding resource-flow resilience to climate change
Authors: Salgado Ariel , He Yiyi , Radke John , Ganguly Auroop Ratan , Gonzalez Marta C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNetworked dynamics are essential for assessing the resilience of lifeline infrastructures. The dimension-reduction approach was designed as an efficient way to map the high-dimensional dynamics to a low-dimensional representation capturing system-level behavior while taking into consideration network structure. However, its application to socio-technical systems has not been considered yet. Here, we extend the dimension-reduction approach to resource-flow dynamics in multiplex networks. We apply it to the San Francisco fuel transportation network, considering the flow between refineries, terminals and gas stations. We capture the aggregated dynamics between the facilities of each type and identify macroscopic conditions for the system to supply a given demand of fuel. By considering multiple sea level rise scenarios between 2020 and 2100, we address the impact of coastal flooding due to climate change on the maximum suppliable demand. Finally, we analyze the system’s transient response to production failures, investigating the temporary interruption in production and the duration it takes for complete demand satisfaction to become unachievable after the interruption.
Sulfur isotopes from the Paleoproterozoic Francevillian Basin record multigenerational pyrite formation, not depositional conditions
Authors: Paiste Kärt , Fike David A. , Mayika Karen Bakakas , Moussavou Mathieu , Lepland Aivo , Prave Anthony R. , Sato Tomohiko , Ueno Yuichiro , Sawaki Yusuke , Richardson Jocelyn A. , Wood Robert S. , Jones Clive , Webb Samuel M. , Kirsimäe Kalle 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBulk-rock sulfur isotope data from pyrite in the ~2.1 billion-year sedimentary rocks of the Francevillian Basin, Gabon, have underpinned ideas about initial oxygenation of Earth’s surface environments and eukaryote evolution. Here, we show, using micro-scale analytical methods, that the bulk sulfur isotope record represents progressive diagenetic modification. Our findings indicate no significant change in microbial sulfur cycling processes and seawater sulfate composition throughout that initial phase of atmosphere-ocean oxygenation of Paleoproterozoic time. This offers an alternative view of Earth system evolution during the transition from an anoxic to an oxic state and highlights the need for a judicious reappraisal of conceptual models using sulfur isotope data as primary depositional signals linked to global-scale biogeochemical processes.
Real‐time estimation of the synchronous generator dynamic parameters using actual phasor measurement unit data and experimental evaluations
Authors: Ranjbar Soheil 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn online non‐model‐based procedure is presented for estimating the synchronous generator (SG) dynamic parameters using practical phasor measurement unit (PMU) signals in the presence of uncertainty and noisy data. For this purpose, considering 8th‐order approximation, the SGs model is estimated in which, based on evaluating voltage and current phasors achieved from PMU data, dynamic parameters are estimated online. The proposed approach is a generalised concept of the Heffron–Philips model in which the variables and the gain factors are adaptable according to operating conditions. The proposed scheme is an online and non‐model‐based method in which the SG magnetic saturation behaviours are modelled through multivariable non‐linear definition to extend the accurate controlling structure. In this case, two different studies are carried out. In the first study, considering a single SG is connected to the infinite bus, the ability of the proposed method through simulation studies is evaluated. In the second study, the proposed scheme is developed practically in the laboratory whereby performing the experimental structure on different types through real‐time working mode, validation of the proposed estimated model through different operating points is evaluated. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed practical scheme for estimating the generator's detailed model and non‐linear dynamic parameters through real‐time evaluations.
Topology‐aware anatomical segmentation of the Circle of Willis: HUNet unveils the vascular network
Authors: Junayed Md. Shakib Shahariar , Sanjid Kazi Shahriar , Hossain Md. Tanzim , Uddin M. Monir , Haque Sheikh Anisul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the Circle of Willis, a critical vascular structure vital for cerebral blood supply. A modified novel dual‐pathway multi‐scale hierarchical upsampling network (HUNet) is presented, tailored explicitly for accurate segmentation of Circle of Willis anatomical components from medical imaging data. Evaluating both the multi‐label magnetic resonance angiography region of interest and the multi‐label magnetic resonance angiography whole brain‐case datasets, HUNet consistently outperforms the convolutional U‐net model, demonstrating superior capabilities and achieving higher accuracy across various classes. Additionally, the HUNet model achieves an exceptional dice similarity coefficient of 98.61 and 97.95, along with intersection over union scores of 73.32 and 85.76 in both the multi‐label magnetic resonance angiography region of interest and the multi‐label magnetic resonance angiography whole brain‐case datasets, respectively. These metrics highlight HUNet's exceptional performance in achieving precise and accurate segmentation of anatomical structures within the Circle of Willis, underscoring its robustness in medical image segmentation tasks. Visual representations substantiate HUNet's efficacy in delineating Circle of Willis structures, offering comprehensive insights into its superior performance.
SIHNet: A safe image hiding method with less information leaking
Authors: Cheng Zien , Jin Xin , Jiang Qian , Wu Liwen , Dong Yunyun , Zhou Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImage hiding is a task that hides secret images into cover images. The purposes of image hiding are to ensure the secret images are invisible to the human and the secret images can be recovered. The current state‐of‐the‐art steganography methods run the risk of secret information leakage. A safe image hiding network (SIHNet) is presented to reduce the leakage of secret information. Based on some phenomena of image hiding methods which use invertible neural network, a reversible secret image processing (SIP) module is proposed to make the secret images suitable for hiding and make the stego images leak less secret information. Besides, a reversible lost information hiding (LIH) module is used to hide the lost information into the cover images, thus the method can recover the secret images better than the method that uses random noise to replace the lost information. Experimental results show that SIHNet outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art methods on the PSNR and SSIM values of the recovered secret images and the stego images. Besides, residual images of other state‐of‐the‐art methods all contain information about secret images while residual images of SIHNet leak almost no secret information. Thus the method can prevent the listener of transmission channel from obtaining the information of the secret image through the residual image, which means SIHNet performs better in security than other state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Light field imaging technology for virtual reality content creation: A review
Authors: Khan Ali , Hossain Md. Moinul , Covaci Alexandra , Sirlantzis Konstantinos , Xu Chuanlong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe light field (LF) imaging technique can capture 3D scene information in 4D by recording both 2D intensity and 2D direction of incoming light rays. Due to this capability, LF has shown a great interest in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) for enhanced immersion, improved depth perception and reconstruction of realistic 3D environments. This paper presents a comprehensive review of LF imaging technology and other approaches used for VR content creation. The applications of LF technology beyond VR and AR are also discussed. The challenges and limitations of other approaches for VR content creation are examined. State‐of‐the‐art research has focused on how VR experiences benefit from LF technology and identified the challenges to creating comfortable, immersive and realistic VR content such as (1) image size and resolution, (2) processing speed, (3) precise calibration and (4) depth reconstruction. Recommendations that can be considered for creating immersive VR content are provided to enhance user experience. These recommendations aim to contribute to developing more comfortable and realistic VR content, extending the potential applications of LF imaging technology in diverse fields.
A Continuous-Flow Protocol for the Synthesis of Alkenyl Thioethers Based on the Photochemical Activation of Halogen-Bonding Complexes
Authors: Plaza Manuel , Piedra Helena F. , Valdés Carlos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe report a useful flow protocol for the preparation of alkenyl thioethers from alkenyl bromides and thiols in basic media with visible-light irradiation. The reactions exhibit a wide functional-group tolerance, proceed under mild conditions, are stereoselective, and do not require the use of catalysts. The transformations can be successfully scaled up to 5 mmol scale without compromising the yield. The key to the success of these reactions is the photochemical excitation of halogen-bonding complexes to form alkenyl and sulfur-centered radicals, a protocol recently developed in our laboratories.
Time–energy distribution of photoelectron from atomic states with different magnetic quantum numbers in elliptically polarized laser fields
Authors: Xu 徐 Jingyang 菁阳 , Guo 郭 Li 丽 , Qi 齐 Xin 昕 , Lu 陆 Ronghua 荣华 , Zhang 张 Min 敏 , Zhang 张 Jingtao 敬涛 , Chen 陈 Jing 京 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A Wigner-distribution-like (WDL) function based on the strong-field approximation (SFA) theory is used to investigate the ionization time of the photoelectron emitted from the initial states with different magnetic quantum number m in elliptically polarized electric fields. The saddle-point method is adopted for comparisons. For different m states, a discrepancy exists in the WDL distributions of the photoelectrons emitted in a direction close to the major axis of the laser field ellipse. Based on the saddle-point analysis, this discrepancy can be ascribed to the interference between electrons ionized from two tunneling instants. Our results show that the relationships between the tunneling instants and kinetic energy of photoelectrons are the same for different m initial states when the Coulomb potential is not considered. Our work sheds some light on the ionization-time information of electrons from different magnetic quantum states.
How Juries Work
Authors: Helm Rebecca K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In How Juries Work, Rebecca K. Helm integrates legal and psychological theory and research to present a comprehensive assessment of the modern criminal law jury, and of how evidence-based research can improve jury performance. The book begins with an examination of the history of the jury, comparative procedures surrounding trial by jury, and modern developments and jurisprudence. This examination is drawn on to suggest that the jury is important symbolically but is not necessarily well-designed to meet the demands of modern society, which increasingly requires an evidence-based jury that is carefully designed to fulfil normative requirements. The book then presents a proposed model of how jurors function in practice, informed by psychological theory and empirical research. This model is used to provide a framework to interpret and integrate a large body of existing work on juror decision-making in a way that provides new insight into the jury and improves the interpretability of existing work. This framework, complemented by an associated model of jury decision-making, is drawn on to highlight the deficiencies and strengths of the jury as a legal fact-finder and also to provide key insight into how deficiencies might be minimized and strengths maximized through trial procedure. The book concludes with a set of evidence-based suggestions as to how procedure surrounding trial by jury might be altered in order to enhance the administration of justice in the many jurisdictions where the criminal law jury is utilized.
Legal Standards and Procedure
Authors: Helm Rebecca K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter identifies literature demonstrating associations between legal standards and procedures and verdicts and examines how these associations can be explained by relationships between legal standards and procedures and the meaning assigned to evidence, trial participants, the body of evidence, and legal standards (ie through differences in relevant representations). It considers legal standards and procedure under two headings: (1) legal standards, including actus reus, mens rea, and defence standards, descriptions of the standard of proof, and alternative verdicts; and (2) rules on evidence including admissibility, judicial warnings/directions, and expert evidence. Note that these procedures have been selected for consideration as they are important illustrations of how legal standards and procedure can influence juror (as opposed to jury) decisions, not as an overview of all legal procedures that can influence juror decisions. Based on this examination, the chapter evaluates the normative acceptability of relationships between legal standards and procedures and verdicts, discussing how potentially problematic influence (and lack of influence) might be addressed. It concludes by briefly discussing what these relationships can tell us about how jurors work, and how standards and procedure can be used to help jurors work better, without introducing problematic side-effects.
Music for Lute
Authors: Grapes K Dawn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
John Dowland built his reputation as an accomplished performing lutenist. While the perception of his greatness is mentioned in a number of contemporaneous acclamations, it is only through intabulation of his compositions, as presented in dozens of primary-source manuscripts and prints, that his facility and technique on his instrument are preserved. This chapter considers Dowland’s lute music. It examines the types of improvisatory-sounding pieces, popular-song variation sets, and dances that Dowland created, and his compositional style as it fit into standards of the day. The chapter also pays close attention to associates and patrons mentioned within his dance titles. Especially important in the preservation of Dowland’s music are two particular manuscripts, the first Mathew Holmes lutebook (Cambridge University, Dd.2.11) and the Folger-Dowland lute manuscript (Washington, Folger Shakespeare Library, MS. V.b280), as demonstrative of performance techniques and pedagogical practices of the day.
Lachrimae
Authors: Grapes K Dawn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Lachrimae of 1604 is John Dowland’s only printed collection of instrumental consort music. Not surprisingly, the lute is featured as an important addition to the standard viol consort. The set is foundationally situated on seven variations of the “Lachrimae” pavan that had previously been presented as a lute solo and a lute song–air. The anthology then moves beyond this somber theme to fourteen consort dance pieces whose titles celebrate Dowland associates and supporters. Many interpretations of the meaning found within the Lachrimae collection have been attempted, each with differing merit. In this chapter, the production elements of Lachrimae are considered, followed by an exploration of the pavan variations as a cycle. Special attention is afforded to perceptions of the medical condition of melancholy and the evolution of the Lachrimae tune within Dowland’s music.
“Old frend, thy yeares have made thee white”
Authors: Grapes K Dawn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although John Dowland’s whereabouts remain unclear from 1606 through the beginning of 1609, he was back in London by April, as indicated in the prefatory material of Andreas Ornithoparcus His Micrologus, a translation that demonstrates the composer’s intellectual interest in theoretical musical principles and reveals much about his philosophies of the foundations of musical practice. The volume was dedicated to long-time acquaintance Robert Cecil. This chapter includes information on Dowland’s Fetter Lane residence, as well as brief commentary on Dowland’s thoughts upon returning to England after a decade abroad. These observations are supported by examination of textual and visual depictions of the composer in Henry Peacham’s Minerva Britanna, Thalia’s Banquet, and The Compleat Gentleman, as a master musician no longer appreciated as he reached his mature years.
A Pilgrimes Solace
Authors: Grapes K Dawn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
John Dowland’s final lute song–air collection, A Pilgrimes Solace (1612), reads and sounds differently from his previous music anthologies, both in content and substance. A more advanced, complex compositional style is immediately evident. The poetry Dowland set, including verses by Nicholas Breton, reached a previously unseen level of sophistication and the music attains levels of difficulty that may not have been as accessible for domestic music makers as his earlier songbooks were. These are only some of the reasons that this final songbook, as masterful as it may be musically, did not reach the level of popularity of Dowland’s First Booke, which was still yet to receive its fourth reprint, or even his second or third song collections, as evidenced by the lack of transcriptions and adaptations of the volume’s pieces found in English or Continental manuscripts, when compared with his previous work. Yet in this songbook, Dowland expresses a new level of personal spirituality in songs such as “Go nightly cares,” “If that a sinners’ sighs,” and “Where sin sore wounding,” that does not occur in his earlier musical anthologies. The volume also includes dramatic dialogues that point to his involvement in theatrical entertainments for Queen Elizabeth I and volume dedicatee Theophilus Howard, Lord Walden. A full consideration of the volume’s prefatory material, organization, and musical content presents the image of a somber Dowland, reflecting back on his career and life choices, thus providing a self-administered Pilgrimes Solace.
Introduction
Authors: Hasnas John 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The introduction describes the thesis of this book as an alternative to the social contract approach to political philosophy. Social contract theory argues that the state is necessary for human beings to overcome the inconveniences of the state of nature. This book demonstrates that the common law provides an alternative mechanism for overcoming these inconveniences that does not depend on the existence of the state. This observation serves as the basis for two propositions. The first is that good public policy always requires a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of common law and legislation as regulatory mechanisms. The second is that a peaceful and prosperous society can exist without legislation, and ultimately without any essential services being supplied on a monopolistic basis by a government.
Three things we learned along the way: lessons for training in psychiatric epidemiology
Authors: Lincoln Alisa K , Jones Nev , Koenen Karestan C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and its associated mortality, morbidity, and deep social and economic impacts, was a global traumatic stressor that challenged population mental health and our de facto mental health care system in unprecedented ways. Yet, in many respects, this crisis is not new. Psychiatric epidemiologists have recognized for decades the need and unmet need of people in distress and the limits of the public mental health services in the United States. We argue that psychiatric epidemiologists have a critical role to play as we endeavor to address population mental health and draw attention to 3 areas of consideration: elevating population-based solutions; engaging equitably with lived experience; and interrogating recovery. Psychiatric epidemiology has a long history of both responding to and shaping our understanding of the relationships among psychiatric disorders and society through evolving methods and training, and the current sociohistorical moment again suggests that shifts in our practice can strengthen our field and its impact.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.
On propensity score matching with a diverging number of matches
Authors: He Yihui , Han Fang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper re-examines the work of Abadie & Imbens (2016) on propensity score matching for average treatment effect estimation. We explore the asymptotic behaviour of these estimators when the number of nearest neighbours, M, grows with the sample size. It is shown, while not surprising, but technically nontrivial, that the modified estimators can improve upon the original fixed M-estimators in terms of efficiency. Additionally, we demonstrate the potential to attain the semiparametric efficiency lower bound when the propensity score admits some special structures, echoing the insight of Hahn (1998).