bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Cyclohexene Rings Using Stereodirected Intramolecular Diels–Alder Reactions Through Asymmetric 1,3‐Dioxane Tethering
Authors: Abdelkafi Hajer , Evanno Laurent , Deville Alexandre , Dubost Lionel , Chiaroni Angèle , Nay Bastien 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe utility of the readily available asymmetric 1,3‐dioxane template in intramolecular Diels–Alder reactions is reported. The 1,3,9‐decatrienoates substrates gave predominantly the endo‐boat products, with minor amounts of the exo‐boat isomer. Various substitutions (14 examples) were introduced and the results gave an indication of the scope and also a few limitations of the method. In particular, the approach was applicable to (E,Z)‐diene substrates, for which good yields and selectivities were obtained. By applying suitable substrates, we describe the successful synthesis of valuable intermediates for the total synthesis of the diterpene harringtonolide (1) and the pyrrocidine polyketides (2), affording the appropriate stereochemistry of the natural product within the highly functionalized cyclohexene ring system. This is the first time that an asymmetric synthetic approach toward both compound series has been reported.
Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Porphyrin‐Based Polynucleating Ligands Bearing 8‐Methoxy‐ and 8‐(Allyloxy)quinoline Units
Authors: Eckes Fabrice , Deiters Emmanuel , Métivet Adrien , Bulach Véronique , Hosseini Mir Wais 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe synthetic strategies and procedures leading to a series of new porphyrin derivatives bearing two to four 8‐hydroxyquinolinyl groups are reported. The solid‐state structures of the majority of the reported porphyrin derivatives were investigated by X‐ray diffraction analysis of single crystals. The strategy, based on the condensation of the carboxylic acid derivative of methyl‐protected 8‐hydroxyquinoline with the pure α4, α2β2 and αβαβ atropoisomers of tetrakis(o‐aminophenyl)porphyrin precursors in the presence of HBTU/DMAP led to the formation of the corresponding tetrasubstituted derivatives in good yields (45–68 %). Unfortunately, the final deprotection step leading to the desired chelating compounds was unsuccessful. The replacement of the methyl group by the bulky allyl group afforded only the di‐ and trisubstituted α4 atropoisomer in 17 and 50 % yields, respectively. Due to steric reasons, no trace of the tetrasubstituted α4 atropoisomer derivative was detected. However, the coupling reaction with the αβαβ atropoisomers of the tetrakis(o‐aminophenyl)porphyrin precursor afforded the tetrasubstituted atropoisomer in 49 % yield. Again, the deprotection step was problematic and led to non‐separable mixtures. Finally, the desired α4 atropoisomer bearing four 8‐hydroxyquinolinyl groups was obtained upon direct condensation of the α4 atropoisomer of the precursor with 8‐hydroxy‐7‐quinolinecarboxylic acid in the presence of activating agents (HBTU and DMAP).
Squalenoyl Gemcitabine Monophosphate: Synthesis, Characterisation of Nanoassemblies and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Caron Joachim , Lepeltier Elise , Reddy L. Harivardhan , Lepêtre‐Mouelhi Sinda , Wack Séverine , Bourgaux Claudie , Couvreur Patrick , Desmaële Didier 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTrialkylammonium 4‐(N)‐1,1′,2‐trisnor‐squalenoylgemcitabine monophosphate (SQdFdC‐MP) salts were prepared from 1,1′,2‐trisnor‐squalenoylgemcitabine by phosphoramidite‐type chemistry. This amphiphilic molecule self‐assembled into nanoassemblies of about 100 nm in size in aqueous solutions. Cryo‐TEM and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) investigations revealed that SQdFdC‐MP molecules self‐organized into unilamellar liposomes with a membrane thickness of about 70 Å. Such liposomal trialkylammonium SQdFdC‐MP formulations displayed significant anticancer activity on leukaemia cells. These results suggested that squalene conjugates of negatively charged nucleotide analogues efficiently penetrated into tumour cells. Furthermore, triethylammonium SQdFdC‐MP nanoassemblies were found to be more active than the parent nucleoside towards the L1210 10 K resistant cell line.
Automated two‐dimensional separation flow system with electrochemical preconcentration, stripping, capillary electrophoresis and contactless conductivity detection for trace metal ion analysis
Authors: Lopes Fernando Silva , Coelho Lúcia Helena Gomes , Gutz Ivano Gebhardt Rolf 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper describes the automation of a fully electrochemical system for preconcentration, cleanup, separation and detection, comprising the hyphenation of a thin layer electrochemical flow cell with CE coupled with contactless conductivity detection (CE‐C4D). Traces of heavy metal ions were extracted from the pulsed‐flowing sample and accumulated on a glassy carbon working electrode by electroreduction for some minutes. Anodic stripping of the accumulated metals was synchronized with hydrodynamic injection into the capillary. The effect of the angle of the slant polished tip of the CE capillary and its orientation against the working electrode in the electrochemical preconcentration (EPC) flow cell and of the accumulation time were studied, aiming at maximum CE‐C4D signal enhancement. After 6 min of EPC, enhancement factors close to 50 times were obtained for thallium, lead, cadmium and copper ions, and about 16 for zinc ions. Limits of detection below 25 nmol/L were estimated for all target analytes but zinc. A second separation dimension was added to the CE separation capabilities by staircase scanning of the potentiostatic deposition and/or stripping potentials of metal ions, as implemented with the EPC‐CE‐C4D flow system. A matrix exchange between the deposition and stripping steps, highly valuable for sample cleanup, can be straightforwardly programmed with the multi‐pumping flow management system. The automated simultaneous determination of the traces of five accumulable heavy metals together with four non‐accumulated alkaline and alkaline earth metals in a single run was demonstrated, to highlight the potentiality of the system.
Auditory hallucinations in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Rojo‐Moreno Luis , Plumed José Javier , Fons María Barberá , Gonzalez‐Piqueras José Carlos , Rojo‐Bofill Luis , Livianos Lorenzo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe paper describes two case studies of patients with anorexia nervosa who suffer from auditory hallucinations as the only psychotic symptom. A review of the literature regarding clinical cases of anorexic patients with hallucinations is discussed. Hallucinations in anorexic patients are conceptualized according to different theoretical models which point to a dimensional view of eating disorders. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Becoming ‘whole’ again: A qualitative study of women's views of recovering from anorexia nervosa
Authors: Jenkins Jana , Ogden Jane 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study explored how women made sense of their recovery from Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Semi‐structured telephone interviews were carried out with fifteen women who had received a diagnosis of AN and defined themselves as either recovered or in recovery. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The women described their experiences in terms of three broad areas; being anorexic; the process of change; and being recovered. Transcending these themes was a series of dichotomies involving splits between their mind and body, AN behaviour and cognitions and their rational and irrational side. Further, they indicated that recovery reflects the time when these many different components of their selves are no longer divided and that this was often facilitated through therapy and close relationships which enabled them to find non bodily means to express their distress. Therapy should therefore aim to facilitate a sense of becoming ‘whole’ again. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Can Eating Disorders Become ‘Contagious’ in Group Therapy and Specialized Inpatient Care?
Authors: Vandereycken Walter 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEating disorders belong to the broad category of self‐harming behaviours which may be acquired in a social learning process of imitation, identification and competition. Hence, we should question the possible dangers or unwanted side‐effects in treating patients together within a common therapeutic setting. But little is known about the frequency and extent of possibly negative influences of treatment in a group format, the so‐called risk of ‘peer contagion’ in group therapy and/or inpatient treatment. We review in this paper the rather scarce literature on this subject in order to stimulate more critical thinking and systematic research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Types of liquidity and limits to arbitrage—the case of credit default swaps
Authors: Bhanot Karan , Guo Liang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUsing a sample of Credit Default Swap (CDS) prices and corresponding reference corporate bond yield spreads for the period June 2008 to September 2009, we show that funding liquidity (shadow cost of capital for arbitrageurs) as well as asset‐specific liquidity (determinants of margin requirements) explain recent deviations in the arbitrage‐based parity relationship between the CDS prices and bond yield spreads (CDS‐Bond spread basis). Collectively, our analysis corroborates the theory on the determinants of the basis, and suggests that it is important to distinguish between these types of liquidity in determining the circumstances in which relative prices will converge. Median annualized returns for a sample convergence type trading strategy with typical levels of leverage are 80% with a median holding‐period of 127 days, but the path to convergence is not smooth. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
New drugs and the growth of health expenditure: evidence from diabetic patients in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Ya‐Ming , Hsieh Chee‐Ruey 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThis paper contributes to the growing body of literature that debates whether the adoption of pharmaceutical innovation increases the overall expenditure on health care. By examining data obtained from Taiwan and focusing on diabetic patients, we use a new class of drugs, namely, thiazolidinediones, as an example to investigate the effect on health expenditure of prescribing new drugs to patients by focusing on the impact of treatment substitution and treatment expansion. Overall, our results indicate that the introduction of new drugs mainly impacts the outpatient drug expenditure and does not give rise to any offsetting effect on other outpatient and inpatient health expenditures. This suggests that the adoption of pharmaceutical innovation in treating diabetic patients is expenditure‐increasing. In addition, we find evidence that the treatment substitution channel has a more significant impact on the level of health expenditure than the treatment expansion channel. An important policy implication for our finding is that the justification for increasing health expenditure on the treatment of diabetes is not conditional upon a lowering in the demand for other types of health‐care services. By contrast, it is conditional upon the increased health benefits per se. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benefit‐incidence analysis: are government health expenditures more pro‐rich than we think?
Authors: Wagstaff Adam 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYAuthors of benefit‐incidence analyses (BIA) have to impute subsidies using assumptions about the relationship between unobserved subsidies ‘captured’ by the household and what can be observed at the household and aggregate levels. This paper shows that one of the two assumptions used in BIA studies to date will necessarily produce a more pro‐rich (or less pro‐poor) picture of government health spending than the other, depending on whether utilization is more pro‐rich or pro‐poor than fees paid to public providers. Both assumptions have their disadvantages, and the paper suggests a couple of alternatives that explicitly link fees paid to the costliness of care. It shows that in the most likely case where fees are distributed in a more pro‐rich fashion than utilization, the two traditional assumptions will produce less pro‐rich distributions of subsidies than the two new alternatives. Also considered are three complications that arise in BIA studies, including factoring in social health insurance. The paper's theoretical results are illustrated with an empirical BIA for Vietnam. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of emotional distress in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Singer Susanne , Krauß Oliver , Keszte Judith , Siegl Gregor , Papsdorf Kirsten , Severi Ettore , Hauss Johann , Briest Susanne , Dietz Andreas , Brähler Elmar , Kortmann Rolf‐Dieter 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundPatients with head and neck cancer are known to be more commonly emotionally distressed than patients with other tumors. This study investigates reasons for this difference.MethodsPatients in this prospective cohort study included those with head and neck cancer (n = 113) and those with other cancers (n = 1690). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, measuring emotional distress, along with additional questions regarding emotional support wished and provided were administered.ResultsPatients with head and neck tumors were 1.5‐fold (at the time of admission), 1.2‐fold (before discharge), and 2.7‐fold (half a year after admission) more frequently distressed than the other patients with cancer. This association was confounded by perceived social support and sociodemographic factors. Patients with head and neck cancer expressed less frequently the wish for and received less support by psycho‐oncologists.ConclusionsEmotional distress is more common in patients with head and neck tumors; this is largely a result of the psychosocial context the patients live in, especially the amount of social support received. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Factors influencing surgical treatment of bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws
Authors: Wutzl Arno , Pohl Sebastian , Sulzbacher Irene , Seemann Rudolf , Lauer Günter , Ewers Rolf , Drach Johannes , Klug Clemens 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundBisphosphonates are known to be associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw. We assess factors underlying the success of surgical treatment in patients with bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ).MethodsFifty‐eight patients were investigated 6 months after having surgery. Outcome variables included the stage of disease. Factors underlying the success of surgery such as age, sex, dental procedures, underlying disease, and bisphosphonate therapy were subjected to statistical analysis.ResultsIn all, 41 patients after surgery could be followed up. Twenty‐four patients (58.5%) had an intact mucosa after surgical treatment. A statistically significant improvement was registered between preoperative and postoperative staging (p < .01). Routine dental procedures and the underlying illness influenced the outcome of surgery (p < .05). Patients with osteoporosis and multiple myeloma improved to a greater extent by surgery than those with cancer. Discontinuation of bisphosphonates was found to improve the outcome (p < .05).ConclusionsSurgery is more successful in patients with osteoporosis or multiple myeloma than in those with solid tumors. Discontinuation of bisphosphonate therapy favored the surgical outcome. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Postoperative respiratory failure after thyroid and parathyroid surgery: Analysis of national surgical quality improvement program
Authors: Gupta Prateek K. , Gupta Himani , Natarajan Bala , Shetty Shreya , Smith Russell B. , Lindau Robert , Fang Xiang , Lydiatt William M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe risk–benefit analysis of any operation is influenced by its perioperative complications. Our objective was to examine the relationship between preoperative clinical characteristics and postoperative respiratory failure (PRF: mechanical ventilation for >48 hours after surgery or reintubation) within 30 days of thyroid and parathyroid surgeries.MethodsAmerican College of Surgeons' multicenter, prospective, National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) datasets (2007/2008) were used. Multivariable logistic regression was performed.ResultsEighty‐three of 20,778 (0.4%) patients developed PRF. Comparing patients who developed PRF to those who did not, 30‐day mortality was seen in 13 of 83 versus 11 of 20,695 patients (p < .0001); and mean length of stay (LOS) was 9.1 (±9.5) days versus 1.1 (±1.6) days (p < .0001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated preoperative pneumonia, dependent functional status, dyspnea, dialysis dependence, hypertension, advanced age, and combined thyroid and parathyroid surgery as risk factors for PRF.ConclusionPRF after thyroid and parathyroid surgeries is uncommon, but associated with significantly increased 30‐day morbidity and mortality. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck , 2012
A comparison of three methods for downscaling daily precipitation in the Punjab region
Authors: Raje Deepashree , Mujumdar P. P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMany downscaling techniques have been developed in the past few years for projection of station‐scale hydrological variables from large‐scale atmospheric variables simulated by general circulation models (GCMs) to assess the hydrological impacts of climate change. This article compares the performances of three downscaling methods, viz. conditional random field (CRF), K‐nearest neighbour (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) methods in downscaling precipitation in the Punjab region of India, belonging to the monsoon regime. The CRF model is a recently developed method for downscaling hydrological variables in a probabilistic framework, while the SVM model is a popular machine learning tool useful in terms of its ability to generalize and capture nonlinear relationships between predictors and predictand. The KNN model is an analogue‐type method that queries days similar to a given feature vector from the training data and classifies future days by random sampling from a weighted set of K closest training examples. The models are applied for downscaling monsoon (June to September) daily precipitation at six locations in Punjab. Model performances with respect to reproduction of various statistics such as dry and wet spell length distributions, daily rainfall distribution, and intersite correlations are examined. It is found that the CRF and KNN models perform slightly better than the SVM model in reproducing most daily rainfall statistics. These models are then used to project future precipitation at the six locations. Output from the Canadian global climate model (CGCM3) GCM for three scenarios, viz. A1B, A2, and B1 is used for projection of future precipitation. The projections show a change in probability density functions of daily rainfall amount and changes in the wet and dry spell distributions of daily precipitation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A discrete particle representation of hillslope hydrology: hypothesis testing in reproducing a tracer experiment at Gårdsjön, Sweden
Authors: Davies Jessica , Beven Keith , Nyberg Lars , Rodhe Allan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDespite the long history of the continuum equation approach in hydrology, it is not a necessary approach to the formulation of a physically based representation of hillslope hydrology. The Multiple Interacting Pathways (MIPs) model is a discrete realization that allows hillslope response and transport to be simultaneously explored in a way that reflects the potential occurrence of preferential flows and lengths of pathways. The MIPs model uses random particle tracking methods to represent the flow of water within the subsurface alongside velocity distributions that acknowledge preferential flows and transition probability matrices, which control flow pathways. An initial realization of this model is presented here in application to a tracer experiment carried out in Gårdsjön, Sweden. The model is used as an exploratory tool, testing several hypotheses in relation to this experiment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Downslope soil detachment–transport on steep slopes via rain splash
Authors: Ghahramani Afshin , Ishikawa Yoshiharu , Gomi Takashi , Miyata Shusuke 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study developed a one‐dimensional model of downslope rain splash transport based on field experiments and previous studies. The developed model considers soil detachment processes, ground cover, probability densities, and the effect of overland run‐off in preventing detachment. Field monitoring was conducted to observe precipitation run‐off, ground cover, and sediment production on steep hillslopes. Field‐observed data were used to develop the splash detachment rate equation, probability densities for splash transport, and the maximum splash transport distance. Observed and estimated splash transport showed overall agreement, with some differences for small storm events or events with relatively low intensity, probably caused by variation of overland run‐off depth and connectivity as well as differences in soil surface cohesion at various degrees of wetness. Our model can provide insights on the interactions among rainfall intensity, soil surface condition, soil wetness, and splash transport on forested hillslopes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and validation of highly frequent CpG island hypermethylation in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas
Authors: Øster Bodil , Thorsen Kasper , Lamy Philippe , Wojdacz Tomasz K. , Hansen Lise Lotte , Birkenkamp‐Demtröder Karin , Sørensen Karina D. , Laurberg Søren , Ørntoft Torben F. , Andersen Claus L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn our study, whole‐genome methylation arrays were applied to identify novel genes with tumor specific DNA methylation of promoter CpG islands in pre‐malignant and malignant colorectal lesions. Using a combination of Illumina HumanMethylation27 beadchips, Methylation‐Sensitive High Resolution Melting (MS‐HRM) analysis, and Exon arrays (Affymetrix) the DNA methylation pattern of ∼14,000 genes and their transcript levels were investigated in six normal mucosas, six adenomas and 30 MSI and MSS carcinomas. Sixty eight genes with tumor‐specific hypermethylation were identified (p < 0.005). Identified hypermethylated sites were validated in an independent sample set of eight normal mucosas, 12 adenomas, 40 MSS and nine MSI cancer samples. The methylation patterns of 15 selected genes, hypermethylated in adenomas and carcinomas (FLI1, ST6GALNAC5, TWIST1, ADHFE1, JAM2, IRF4, CNRIP1, NRG1 and EYA4), in carcinomas only (ABHD9, AOX1 and RERG), or in MSI but not MSS carcinomas (RAMP2, DSC3 and MLH1) were validated using MS‐HRM. Four of these genes (MLH1, AOX1, EYA4 and TWIST1) had previously been reported to be hypermethylated in CRC. Eleven genes, not previously known to be affected by CRC specific hypermethylation, were identified and validated. Inverse correlation to gene expression was observed for six of the 15 genes with Spearman correlation coefficients ranging from −0.39 to −0.60. For six of these genes the altered methylation patterns had a profound transcriptional association, indicating that methylation of these genes may play a direct regulatory role. The hypermethylation changes often occurred already in adenomas, indicating that they may be used as biomarkers for early detection of CRC.