bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of the real life performance of OOKP optical cylinders
Authors: LEE R , ONG G , LAM F , WHITE J , HEROLD J , LIU C , HULL C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the optical and visual functional characteristics of the Osteo‐Odonto‐Keratoprosthesis (OOKP)Methods Nine patients with implanted OOKP devices were examined. Glare effect (Low, Medium and High intensity) was measured with a brightness acuity test (BAT) and contrast sensitivity was assessed using Metropsis Visual Stimulus Generation software (Cambridge Research System) at 0.3; 0.7; 2.20; 3.50; 10.4 and 14.5 cpd. Kinetic Goldmann perimetry and wavefront aberrometry (Nidek OPD‐scan) were performed in each patient. All patients completed a Quality‐of‐Life questionnaire (NEI VFQ‐25)Results A reduction in mean visual acuity (logMAR) with increasing glare settings was observed from 0.12 without BAT to 0.27 with BAT at High. Mean visual acuities (logMAR) measured with BAT at Medium (Mann Whitney U‐test p<0.05) and High (U‐Test p<0.01) intensity settings were found to be significantly reduced statistically when compared to VA without BAT. Contrast Sensitivity was significantly reduced when compared to age‐matched control at medium and high spatial frequencies. Several vision‐related VFQ‐25 sub‐scales correlated significantly with visual acuity at various BAT levels such as General Vision, Near Activities and Distance Activities (correlation coefficients: ‐0.71 to ‐0.86; 0.05>p>0.001). Correlation with these subscales was also observed with contrast sensitivity at medium spatial frequencies (‐0.67 to ‐0.83; 0.05>p>0.001)Conclusion The optics of the OOKP can provide patients with excellent visual acuity that correlates well with visual function. Visual acuity is significantly reduced by glare and patients experienced a lower contrast sensitivity compared to age‐matched controls. Glare reduction and cylinder alignment could further improve function
The effect of Benzalkonium chloride on the intraocular pressure lowering efficacy of a local ROCK‐inhibitor (AMA0076)
Authors: HOLLANDERS K , SIJNAVE D , VAN BERGEN T , VAN DE VELDE S , MOONS L , STALMANS I 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To elucidate the effect of Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) on the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering efficacy of a local ROCK‐inhibitor AMA0076 (Amakem NV) in the rabbit eye.Methods Topical administration of AMA0076 (0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5%) was tested in a normotensive New Zealand White rabbit model (5 rabbits/group). The IOP lowering efficacy of the compound was determined with or without the addition of 0.01% BAK. The contralateral eye was used as a control and was treated with vehicle (H2O PEG) in all groups. IOP was measured at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8h post administration. Data at individual time points were analyzed using mixed model analysis for repeated measures. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results Single topical administration of AMA0076 significantly lowered IOP in a concentration dependent manner compared to the control eye (p<0.05). Placebo/vehicle administration did not induce significant changes in IOP. The maximal IOP lowering effect of AMA0076 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% containing 0.01% BAK was 38%, 45% and 53%, which was significantly stronger compared to their BAK‐free equivalents: 21%, 28% and 37% (p=0.005, p=<0.001; p=0.008 respectively).Conclusion The local ROCK inhibitor, AMA0076 was significantly more effective in lowering IOP in the presence of 0.01% BAK.
Inhibition of placental growth factor improves surgical outcome of glaucoma surgery
Authors: VAN BERGEN T , JONCKX B , HOLLANDERS K , SIJNAVE D , VAN DE VELDE S , VANDEWALLE E , MOONS L , STASSEN JM , STALMANS I 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose We checked the hypothesis that placental growth factor (PlGF) plays a role in scar formation after glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS), and that it may be a target for improvement of the outcome of this surgery.Methods The effect of the anti‐murine PlGF‐antibody (5D11D4) was investigated in a mouse model of GFS in C75Bl/6 mice. Immediately after surgery 5D11D4 (1µl; 5.2mg/ml) or 1C8, an irrelevant mouse IgG antibody (1µl; 4.8 mg/ml), was injected in the anterior chamber (n=10 eyes for both groups). An anti‐murine VEGF‐R2 antibody (DC101) was used as a positive control (1µl; 6.2 mg/ml; n=10). Mice were killed on post‐operative day 8. Treatment outcome was studied by clinical investigation of bleb area and bleb survival every other day. All antibodies were kindly provided by ThromboGenics NV.Results In the mouse model of GFS, treatment using the anti‐PlGF antibody (5D11D4) significantly improved surgical outcome by increasing bleb survival (p=0.04) and bleb area (p=0.01) with 29% compared to negative control (1C8). A single administration of anti‐VEGF‐R2 (DC101) also significantly improved bleb area with 7% as compared to 1C8 (p=0.05), but had no effect on bleb survival (p=0.23). A trend towards an increased bleb area after 5D11D4 administration was observed compared to DC101 delivery (p=0.07).Conclusion Targeting PlGF with an inhibitory monoclonal antibody is efficacious in improving GFS outcome, possibly even more effectively than inhibition of VEGF‐R2. These results render PlGF an appealing target for ocular wound healing and point to the potential therapeutic benefits of PlGF‐inhibition.
Retinal MMP expression is upregulated in an excitotoxic mouse model of glaucoma
Authors: DE GROEF L , GAUBLOMME D , JANSSENS E , DEKEYSTER E , MOONS L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Multiple studies in glaucoma patients and animal models, have reported differential expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These data have led to the hypothesis that MMPs are involved in glaucoma disease onset and/or progression. However, their in vivo functions remain poorly understood and contradictorily results prevent a clear definition of their role. Here, we describe the expression of MMP‐2, ‐3, ‐9 and ‐14 in the retina of mice subjected to an acute excitotoxic glaucoma model.Methods Excitotoxic RGC death was induced via intravitreal injection of 20 mM NMDA. Expression of MMP‐2, ‐3, ‐9 and ‐14 was examined via immunohistochemistry, Western blot and quantitative RT‐PCR.Results MMP‐2 and ‐3 are expressed by glia, presumably Müller glia, in the healthy retina and are strongly upregulated at 24h after NMDA injection. MMP‐9 expression, which is not detectable in naive retinas, is observed in RGCs at 24h post NMDA injection, which confirms its suggested role in RGC apoptosis. In the naive retina, MMP‐14 is expressed by bundles of RGC axons in the nerve fiber layer, from where its expression is extending through the optic nerve to the primary visual areas in the brain. Within the first 48h after NMDA injection, MMP‐14 expression increases and is also seen in the inner nuclear layer and both plexiform layers.Conclusion Our results reveal a strong upregulation of MMP‐2, ‐3, ‐9 and ‐14 in the mouse retina after NMDA injection, suggesting that these proteinases might be involved in excitotoxic neurodegeneration and/or glial reactivity. Further analysis of their involvement, including studies in MMP knockout mice, is currently ongoing.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the eye region
Authors: LARSEN A , STENMAN L , RASMUSSEN P , PRAUSE JU , RALFKJAER E , HEEGAARD S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Manifestations of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the eye area are rare and mainly occur in children. The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical, histopathological and genetic characteristics of Danish cases with ocular manifestations of ALL.Methods Patients with orbital and adnexal leukemia were identified by searching the Danish Registry of Pathology between 1980 and 2009. Clinical files from the patients were collected. Specimens were re‐evaluated using a panel of monoclonal antibodies.Results We report two cases with extra‐ocular manifestations of ALL as first presenting symptom, and one case with late manifestations of ALL in the eye. Case 1 was a 5‐year‐old boy with a tumour mass in the left orbit extending along the orbital roof. Case 2 was a 9‐year‐old girl with a tumour in the upper left eyelid that laterally encircled the lacrimal gland. Case 3 was a 32‐year‐old man relapsing with leukemic infiltration of the iris. Histologic and immunophenotypic examination revealed that all cases were pre‐B‐cell ALL. Cytogenetic analysis of case 1 revealed a pseudodiploid karyotype with a t(2;3) translocation and case 2 showed a hyperdiploid karyotype with a t(12;21) translocation and trisomy 21. Cases 1 and 2 were successfully treated according to the NOPHO ALL 1992 and 2000 protocols and were in complete remission nine and five years after respectively. Case 3 did respond to therapy, and was alive with disease 29 years after primary diagnosis.Conclusion Ocular and extra‐ocular manifestations of leukemia are rare with only three cases observed during 30 years in Denmark. All cases were pre‐B‐cell ALL. Our patients responded well to therapy.
A statistical eye model that incorporates straylight
Authors: ROZEMA J 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To illustrate how a recently developed statistical eye model can be expanded to include light scattering.Methods This work uses previously measured biometric data from a large group of normal eyes. After confirmation of the Gaussian shape of their distributions, these parameters were then used to calculate their mean and covariance matrices. From these matrices a multivariate Gaussian distribution was calculated, which was then used to generate an amount of random, but plausible, biometric data. After a refractive filtering procedure, this data had a realistic refraction distribution and could be combined with the recent literature on the relations between straylight and ocular biometry, as well as on straylight and types of cataractResults The straylight distributions of the simulations closely resemble those measured in the population.Conclusion Using these methods a fair straylight simulation can be made for the general population.
Straylight values in pseudophakes ‐ standard IOL versus bag‐in‐the‐lens IOL
Authors: TASSIGNON MJ , ROZEMA J , NONE NONE , NONE NONE 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate straylight and contrast sensitivity (CS) in eyes with various cataract morphologies, to determine which type of cataract presents a higher impairment of visual function with respect to proposed norms for driver safety and to compare retinal straylight and CS before and after implantation of a Morcher 89A IOL.Methods BCVA, CS and straylight were measured in 97 cataractous eyes using respectively a Snellen chart, a Pelli‐Robson chart and the C‐Quant. Cataracts were graded using the LOCS III scale and divided into four groups: nuclear, cortical, nuclear‐cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract. A separate group of 71 eyes had their straylight measured before and after cataract surgery.Results CS was reduced and straylight increased in all cataract patients, most notably in posterior subcapsular and nuclear‐cortical cataract. CS and BCVA were correlated (r = 0.44), whereas straylight and BCVA were not. Applying cut‐off values as proposed by European drivers studies of l.25 log CS and 1.4 log straylight as safe margins for driving, 31% would be considered unfit to drive on the basis of CS and 78% on the basis of straylight although their visual acuity was still above the current European visual acuity requirement for driving. Retinal straylight reduced significantly from 1.56 ± 0.26 to 1.25 ± 0.22 log units (P < 0.001) after IOL implantation and the group eligible to drive increased from 26% to 76%.Conclusion Straylight and, to a lesser extent, CS are complementary to BCVA and should be taken into account when considering driving eligibility. After IOL implantation straylight reduces significantly, resulting in a significant increase in driving eligibility
Commercial interest
Where are the limits of corneal transplantation ‐ why is there a need for biomaterials?
Authors: FUCHSLUGER T 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose This presentation will give insight into clinical limitations of corneal allografting and ocular surface reconstruction. this provides the rationale for the development of novel biomaterials for ophthalmosurgery.Methods Novel developments of tissue engineering covering the three major layers of the cornea (epithelium, stroma, endothelium) will be presented.Results Different success rates (in animals and human trials) and limitations will be presented and will provide a platform for discussion.Conclusion Biomaterials will be a part of ophthalmosurgery in the decades ahead.
Prostaglandin drug partitioning into contact lens material
Authors: FLEITMAN J , KENLEY R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Patients who take topical ocular hypotensive medications are often instructed to remove their contact lenses prior to instilling the drug. These instructions have been based upon the known affinity that polymeric material has for the most commonly used ophthalmic preservatives. Newer, preservative‐free agents, such as Saflutan® (tafluprost 0.015mg/ml), offer no direction to patients concerning contact lens wear. This study was conducted to determine if the possibility arises that tafluprost could partition between the solution phase (drug product formulation) and the contact lens polymeric material, thereby potentially impacting pharmokinetics and efficacy.Methods Tafluprost 0.015mg/mL and bimatoprost 0.3mg/mL preservative‐free solutions were added to single contact lens and incubated up to 2 hours at either 25 or 37 C. After the incubation interval, a 0.20 mL aliquot of product was withdrawn and diluted 10X in mobile phase for determination of drug concentration by reverse‐phase ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (RP‐UPLC).Results Tafluprost and bimatoprost partition from product solution into contact lens material rapidly (within 15 min). At 37 C, for all solution volumes tested, Fsoln for bimatoprost was approximately 2X higher than Fsoln for tafluprost.Conclusion Both tafluprost and bimatoprost partition rapidly from product formulation into soft contact lens material. Tafluprost (logP = 4.2) is more hydrophobic than bimatoprost (logP = 3.2) and partitions more strongly than bimatoprost into contact lens material. This study demonstrates that contract lens wearers should remove lenses prior to instilling the product formulations. Lenses may be reinserted after drop instillation.
Commercial interest
Valuation of surgery in combination chamber angle lens
Authors: RAMIRO P , CABEZON L , IBANEZ J , PINILLA I , PEREZ D , CRISTOBAL JA , DEL BUEY MA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To assess the variation of the chamber angle in glaucoma patients postphacotrabeculectomy primary open angle.Methods Was measured by optical coherence tomography Fourier domain (Spectralis, Heidelberg Germany) the chamber angle in 30 patients diagnosed with primary open‐angle glaucoma with cataract surgery combined before and postoperatively, performed with the same protocol and evaluated the difference of the angle pre‐and postoperatively.Results We observed a statistically significant increase in the chamber angle in patients undergoing phacotrabeculectomyConclusion The phacotrabeculectomy is a safe and effective procedure with minimal complications and good results of intraocular pressure and visual acuity postoperatively.
Megalocornea, iris desinsertion and crystalline luxation in congenital glaucoma
Authors: ARA GABARRE M , EGEA ESTOPINAN MC , FERNANDEZ‐PEREZ S , HERRERO LATORRE R , GARCIA‐MARTIN E , DE LA MATA PEREZ G , SATUE PALACIAN M , BAMBO M 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To present a case report of a patient with congenital glaucoma and megalocornea, who suffer iris desinsertion and crystalline luxation during adulthood.Methods We present a 46‐year‐old male with bilateral congenital glaucoma treated with bilateral goniotomy in pediatric age and right eye (RE) blind after a traumatism. He refered visual acuity (VA) loss in his left eye (LE). The visual acuity was light perception in RE and count fingers at 50 cm in LE. Ophthalmological exams evidenced asymmetric bilateral buphthalmos. The LE shows 21 mm of diameter corneal, transparent cornea, severe iridodonesis, 360º iris desinsertion, afaquia, and 22 mmHg of intraocular pressure by applanation tonometry. This eye was treated with dorzolamide and timolol maleate. Posterior luxation of the crystalline was found in the ophthalmic ultrasound.Results A +14 diopters lens provided the best corrected visual performance achievable of 0.05 with LE. Non‐invasive treatment was selected in order to avoid surgery complications.Conclusion Ophthalmologists should to monitor intraocular pressure and corneal diameter in patients with congenital glaucoma because increase in corneal diameter is a biomarker of progression of glaucoma. In these patients, interdisciplinary valuation of systemic and ophthalmological findings should be performed.
Eye refraction: a comparative study between autorefractometer, aberrometer and subjective test
Authors: SEGURA CALVO F , SANCHEZ‐CANO A , LOPEZ DE LA FUENTE C , FUENTES BROTO L , PINILLA I 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To compare the ocular refractions given by three different techniques and to determine which provides better visual comfort.Methods All subjects underwent a completed optometric examination including clinical history, biomicroscopy of the anterior segment, subjective best corrected visual acuity, autoref/keratometer WAM‐5500 and aberrometer iTrace. Monocular measurements were made under natural accommodation and pupil size. The conditions of the tests were vertex distance 12mm, resolution of the refraction 0.12D, distance 7m and 3 measures each time. Subjects were classified as myopic group (20 eyes) if they presented subjective refraction ≥|‐0.50|D and low‐hyperopic/emmetropic group (22 eyes) if their subjective refraction was <|‐0.50|D. The equipments were calibrated with an artificial eye before the tests were done.Results Subjects chose as the best refractive option the subjective refraction (over 50% in all cases). In hyperopic/emmetropic eyes, subjective refraction showed smaller spheric values (0.22 and 0.18 D comparing to the autorefractor and the aberrometer respectively) and cylinder (0.17 D and 0.21 D, respectively), whereas in the myopic group, the autorefractor gave higher spheric values (0.21 and 0.26D comapring to the aberrometer and the subjective method respectively).Conclusion Most subjects involved in the present study achieved a better visual comfort with subjective refraction. Significant differences among the three techniques were found, although objective methods represent a good approximation to the refraction.
Visual capacity in albino mice. Are albino mice good for every neuroscience’s experiment?
Authors: VICENTE TEJEDOR J , RAMIREZ L , TORETS C , CARRALERO S , DE LA VILLA P , SANCHEZ‐RAMOS C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To show the visual capacity in two different albino mice (NMRI and CD1).Methods 66 albino mice from two mice’s strains were analyzed: CD1 and NMRI, obtained about from two different organizations. Full field Electroretinogram was used in the functional analysis. The recommendation of the International Society for the Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) was followed. Furthermore, we recorded ERG responses at chromatic sensitivity. We have compared immunohistoquimical photoreceptor’s stain with arrestin, rodopsin, S‐opsin and M‐opsin. We have used antibodies anti‐achromatopsia gens, like GNTA2 and CNGB3.Results CD1 and NMRI electroretinogram results showed two different visual patrons: a normal responses and coneless vision. An important per cent of CD1 mice (≅ 30%) and NMRI mice (≅ 20%) have visual defects in the photopic responses. The affected mice show a very significant reduction on the cone responses (p<0,01). Because we used chromatic stimulus we can say that the photopic defect occur in every cone, we can appreciate colorblindness. The structural study allows us to say how the photoreceptors are affected when the electroretinogam photopic response is not adequate. The functional and cellular results seem to indicate that these mice suffer an achromatopsia.Conclusion Our experiments show the significant number of coneless mice in a normal order of the experimental animals. Ignorance of visual problems in experimental animals might compromise the results of conductual experiment or other kinds of studies. Electroretinogram tests are recommended before conductual studies with albino mice or different works, to know if the mice have a correct vision.
Adhesion molecules in experimental autoimmune uveitis
Authors: DEWISPELAERE R , LIPSKI D , MAKHOUL M , JUDICE L , CASPERS L , BRUYNS C , WILLERMAIN F 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Non infectious uveitis are characterized by the penetration of immune cells into the eye which depends on adhesion molecules expression on the blood retinal barrier (BRB). In this work, we have studied the expression of the adhesion molecules VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) by adoptive transfer and the expression of their ligands, VLA‐4 and LFA‐1, on autoreactive T‐lymphocyte (TL)Methods Autoreactive TL, obtained from the lymph node of C57BL6 mice immunized with IRBP 1‐20, were purified using CD4+ magnetic cell sorting. Those cells were studied by flow cytometry for their expression of VLA‐4 and LFA‐1. ELISAs and intracytoplasmic flow cytometry were performed to study the cytokine expression profile. Then, EAU were induced by adoptive transfer of those cells into naive mice. VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 histological and cellular expression was studied by immunofluorescence on eye cryosectionsResults Autoreactive TL were found to be from the Th1 and Th17 phenotypes. LFA‐1 was expressed on all T and non T cells and VLA‐4 mostly on non T cells. Only a minority of TL showed VLA‐4 expression. In the eye of naïve mice VCAM‐1 was absent and ICAM‐1 present only at very low level. VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 expression is correlated to the severity of the disease. Interestingly, VCAM‐1 was more expressed on the internal BRB and ICAM‐1 on the external BRBConclusion This work shows that the adhesion molecules VCAM‐1 and ICAM 1 were expressed differently on the internal and external BRB and that their respective ligands VLA‐4 and LFA‐1 were also expressed differently on lymphocytes. This works complete the understanding of the major role of the adhesion molecules VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 in the induction uveitis in the adoptive transfer model