bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal ulceration in a dog following exposure to the defensive spray of a walkingstick insect (Anisomorphaspp.)
Authors: Brutlag Ahna G. , Hovda Lynn R. , Della Ripa Michael A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective –To describe a case of corneal ulceration in a dog resulting from ocular exposure to the defensive spray of a walkingstick insect (Anisomorphaspp.).Case Summary –A 4‐year‐old, male Chihuahua in southeastern Louisiana presented to an emergency veterinary hospital approximately 20 hours after it was witnessed to have come in close proximity to a walkingstick insect. Within seconds of approaching the insect, the dog yelped, jumped backwards and developed lacrimation, blepharospasm, and periocular swelling of the left eye. Upon presentation, the dog was found to have blepharospasms and miosis of the left eye. Fluorescein stain was applied to the affected eye and diffuse corneal uptake of stain was noted. A diffuse superficial corneal ulceration was diagnosed and treated supportively with ocular flushing, topical antibiotics, ocular lubrication, and a 1% solution of ocular atropine, as well as systemic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents. Clinical signs resolved 10 days after injury.New or Unique Information Provided –While most species of walkingstick insects are considered harmless, certain species in the southeastern United States have the ability to spray defensive venom at their predators. Upon ocular exposure to the venom, the victim may experience intense pain followed by blurred vision, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and corneal ulceration. To date, there is only 1 previous reported case of ocular exposure to walkingstick venom in a dog although both children and animals may be at higher risk for ocular exposure due to their curious nature and proximity in size to the insect. Superficial corneal and conjunctival damage can occur following direct exposure to the defensive chemical spray of the Northern and Southern Twostriped walkingstick insects found in the southeastern United States and may be considered a differential diagnosis in cases involving diffuse corneal ulceration.
Extravasation injury associated with parenteral nutrition in a cat with presumptive gastrinomas
Authors: Wakshlag Joseph , Schoeffler Gretchen L. , Russell Duncan S. , Peters‐Mo Rachael S. , Toulza Olivier 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective
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To describe the pathologic consequences of parenteral nutrition (PN) extravasation into the mediastinum of a cat.Case Summary
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An 8‐year‐old domestic short hair cat with persistent vomiting and anorexia was initiated on PN for nutritional support. PN was being administered at a rate of 12.9 mL/h when inadvertent jugular catheter migration resulted in thrombophlebitis and cellulitis and 40–80 mL of PN extravasated into the SC and mediastinal tissues. The cat was euthanized 36 hours after the extravasation of PN due to poor prognosis related to the gastric complications associated with a presumed primary gastrinoma. Grossly there was excessive mediastinal lymphatic drainage and pronounced edema in the cervical SC and mediastinal tissue. Histopathologic examination of the PN‐extravasated area revealed a severe mixed inflammatory reaction, represented by a severe neutrophilic and mild histiocytic infiltrate with lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffing. No bacterial agents were observed or cultured from this area.Unique Information Provided
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This is the first case report of a foreign body‐type reaction due to extravasation of PN (extravasation injury) in a cat. Extravasation of PN is not without pathologic consequence, and can result in a severe inflammatory reaction in affected tissues.
Molecular mechanisms underlying bile acid‐stimulated glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion
Authors: Parker HE , Wallis K , le Roux CW , Wong KY , Reimann F , Gribble FM 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The glucagon‐like peptides GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 are secreted from enteroendocrine L‐cells following nutrient ingestion. Drugs that increase activity of the GLP‐1 axis are highly successful therapies for type 2 diabetes, and boosting L‐cell secretion is a potential strategy for future diabetes treatment. The aim of the present study was to further our understanding of the bile acid receptor GPBA (TGR5), an L‐cell target currently under therapeutic exploration.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH GLUTag cells and mixed primary murine intestinal cultures were exposed to bile acids and a specific agonist, GPBAR‐A. Secretion was measured using hormone assays and intracellular calcium and cAMP responses were monitored using real‐time imaging techniques.KEY RESULTS Bile acid‐triggered GLP‐1 secretion from GLUTag cells was GPBA‐dependent, as demonstrated by its abolition following tgr5 siRNA transfection. Bile acids and GPBAR‐A increased GLP‐1 secretion from intestinal cultures, with evidence for synergy between the effects of glucose and GPBA activation. Elevation of cAMP was observed following GPBA activation in individual GLUTag cells. Direct calcium responses to GPBAR‐A were small, but in the presence of the agonist, a subpopulation of cells that was previously poorly glucose‐responsive exhibited robust glucose responses. In vivo, increased delivery of bile to more distal regions of the ileum augmented L‐cell stimulation.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS GPBA signalling in L‐cells involves rapid elevation of cAMP, and enhanced calcium and secretory responses to glucose. Modulation of this receptor therapeutically may be an attractive strategy to enhance GLP‐1 secretion and achieve better glycaemic control in diabetic patients.
Treatment of depressive‐like behaviour in Huntington's disease mice by chronic sertraline and exercise
Authors: Renoir Thibault , Pang Terence YC , Zajac Michelle S , Chan Grace , Du Xin , Leang Leah , Chevarin Caroline , Lanfumey Laurence , Hannan Anthony J 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in Huntington's disease (HD) patients. Women are more prone to develop depression and such susceptibility might be related to 5‐hydroxytryptaminergic (serotonergic) dysregulation.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We performed tests of depression‐related behaviours on female R6/1 HD mice that had been chronically treated with sertraline or provided with running‐wheels. Functional assessments of 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT2A receptors were performed by measuring behavioural and physiological responses following administration of specific agonists, in combination with analysis of hippocampal gene expression. Finally we assessed the effect of exercise on hippocampal cell proliferation.KEY RESULTS Female HD mice recorded increased immobility time in the forced‐swimming test, reduced saccharin preference and a hyperthermic response to stress compared with wild‐type animals. These alterations were improved by chronic sertraline treatment. Wheel‐running also resulted in similar improvements with the exception of saccharin preference but failed to correct the hippocampal cell proliferation deficits displayed by HD mice. The benefits of sertraline treatment and exercise involved altered 5‐HT1A autoreceptor function, as demonstrated by modulation of the exaggerated 8‐OH‐DPAT‐induced hypothermia exhibited by female HD mice. On the other hand, sertraline treatment was unable to restore the reduced 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT2 heteroceptor function observed in HD animals.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We report for the first time a crucial role for 5‐HT1A autoreceptor function in mediating the sex‐specific depressive‐like phenotype of female R6/1 HD mice. Our data further support a differential effect of chronic sertraline treatment and exercise on hippocampal cell proliferation despite common behavioural benefits.
17(R)‐resolvin D1 specifically inhibits transient receptor potential ion channel vanilloid 3 leading to peripheral antinociception
Authors: Bang S , Yoo S , Yang TJ , Cho H , Hwang SW 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transient receptor potential ion channel vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is expressed in skin keratinocytes and plays an important role in thermal and chemical nociceptions in the periphery. The presence of TRPV3 inhibitors would improve our understanding of TRPV3 function and help to develop receptor‐specific analgesics. However, little is known about physiological substances that specifically inhibit TRPV3 activity. Here, we investigated whether 17(R)‐resolvin D1 (17R‐RvD1), a naturally occurring pro‐resolving lipid specifically affects TRPV3 activity.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the effect of 17R‐RvD1 on sensory TRP channels using Ca2+ imaging and whole cell electrophysiology experiments in a HEK cell heterologous expression system, cultured sensory neurons and keratinocytes. We also examined changes in sensory TRP agonist‐specific acute licking/flicking or flinching behaviours and mechanical and thermal pain behaviours using Hargreaves, Randall‐Selitto and von Frey assay systems in the absence and presence of inflammation.KEY RESULTS We showed that 17R‐RvD1 specifically suppresses TRPV3‐mediated activity at nanomolar and micromolar concentrations. The voltage‐dependence of TRPV3 activation by camphor was shifted rightwards by 17R‐RvD1, which indicates its inhibitory mechanism is as a result of a shift in voltage‐dependence. Consistently, TRPV3‐specific acute pain behaviours were attenuated by locally injected 17R‐RvD1. Moreover, the administration of 17R‐RvD1 significantly reversed the thermal hypersensitivity that occurs during an inflammatory response. Knockdown of epidermal TRPV3 blunted these antinociceptive effects of 17R‐RvD1.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 17R‐RvD1 is a novel natural inhibitory substance specific for TRPV3. The results of our behavioural studies suggest that 17R‐RvD1 has acute analgesic potential via TRPV3‐specific mechanisms.
Consequences of splice variation on Secretin family G protein‐coupled receptor function
Authors: Furness Sebastian GB , Wootten Denise , Christopoulos Arthur , Sexton Patrick M 
Published: June 2011

The Secretin family of GPCRs are endocrine peptide hormone receptors that share a common genomic organization and are the subject of a wide variety of alternative splicing. All GPCRs contain a central seven transmembrane domain responsible for transducing signals from the outside of the cell as well as extracellular amino and intracellular carboxyl termini. Members of the Secretin receptor family have a relatively large N‐terminus and a variety of lines of evidence support a common mode of ligand binding and a common ligand binding fold. These receptors are best characterized as coupling to intracellular signalling pathways via Gαs and Gαq but are also reported to couple to a multitude of other signalling pathways. The intracellular loops are implicated in regulating the interaction between the receptor and heterotrimeric G protein complexes. Alternative splicing of exons encoding both the extracellular N‐terminal domain as well as the extracellular loops of some family members has been reported and as expected these splice variants display altered ligand affinity as well as differential activation by endogenous ligands. Various forms of alternative splicing have also been reported to alter intracellular loops 1 and 3 as well as the C‐terminus and as one might expect these display differences in signalling bias towards downstream effectors. These diverse pharmacologies require that the physiological role of these splice variants be addressed but should provide unique opportunities for drug design and development.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Secretin Family (Class B) G Protein‐Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.166.issue‐1
Postglacial sediment yield to Chilliwack Lake, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: TUNNICLIFFE JON , CHURCH MICHAEL , ENKIN RANDOLPH J. 
Published: June 2011

Tunnicliffe, J., Church, M. & Enkin, R. J. 2012 (January): Postglacial sediment yield to Chilliwack Lake, British Columbia, Canada. Boreas, Vol. 41, pp. 84–101. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011.00219.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.Seismic records and evidence from sediment cores at Chilliwack Lake provide the basis for a long‐term (postglacial) sediment budget for a 324‐km2 Cordilleran catchment. Chilliwack Lake (11.8 km2 surface area), situated in the North Cascade Mountains, near Chilliwack, British Columbia, was formed behind a valley‐wide recessional moraine in the final phase of post‐Fraser alpine glaciation. Seismic surveys highlight the postglacial lacustrine record, which is underlain by a thick layer of sediments related to deglacial sedimentation. Sediment cores provide details of grain‐size fining from the delta to the distal lake basin. The cores also show a record of intermittent fire and debris flows. Magnetic measurements of lake sediments provide information on grain size, as well as a dating framework. The total postglacial lake‐floor deposit volume is estimated to be 397 ± 27 × 106 m3. Including estimates of fan and delta deposition, the specific postglacial yield to the lake is calculated to be ∼86 ± 13 Mg km2 a−1. The sediment volume in the uppermost (Holocene) lacustrine layer is 128 ± 9 × 106 m3, representing ∼41 ± 4 Mg km2 a−1 in the Holocene. Compared with other Cordilleran lakes of similar size, particularly those with glacial cover in the watershed, Chilliwack Lake has experienced relatively modest rates of sediment accumulation. This study provides an important contribution to a growing database of long‐term (postglacial) sediment yield data for major Cordilleran lakes, essential for advancing our understanding of the pace of landscape evolution in formerly glaciated mountainous regions.
Association Between Insulin Resistance and Lean Mass Loss and Fat Mass Gain in Older Men without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lee Christine G. , Boyko Edward J. , Strotmeyer Elsa S. , Lewis Cora E. , Cawthon Peggy Mannen , Hoffman Andrew R. , Everson‐Rose Susan A. , Barrett‐Connor Elizabeth , Orwoll Eric S. ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study Research Group
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations between insulin resistance and changes in body composition in older men without diabetes mellitus.DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study of older men participating in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study.SETTING: Six U.S. clinical centers.PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand one hundred thirty‐two ambulatory men aged 65 and older at baseline.MEASUREMENTS: Baseline insulin resistance was calculated for men without diabetes mellitus using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). Total lean, appendicular lean, total fat, and truncal fat mass were measured using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry scans at baseline and 4.6 ± 0.3 years later in 3,132 men with HOMA‐IR measurements.RESULTS: There was greater loss of weight, total lean mass, and appendicular lean mass and less gain in total fat mass and truncal fat mass with increasing quartiles of HOMA‐IR (P<.001 for trend). Insulin‐resistant men in the highest quartile had higher odds of 5% or more loss of weight (odds ratio (OR)=1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.46–2.43), total lean mass (OR=2.09, 95% CI=1.60–2.73) and appendicular lean mass (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.27–1.95) and lower odds of 5% or more gain in total fat mass (OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.45–0.68) and truncal fat mass (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.42–0.64) than those in the lowest quartile. These findings remained significant after accounting for age, site, baseline weight, physical activity, and change in physical activity. These associations were also independent of other metabolic syndrome features and medications.CONCLUSION: Greater lean mass loss and lower fat mass gain occurred in insulin‐resistant men without diabetes mellitus than in insulin‐sensitive men. Insulin resistance may accelerate age‐related sarcopenia.
Transient Versus Persistent Fear of Falling in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: Incidence and Risk Factors
Authors: Oh‐Park Mooyeon , Xue Xiaonan , Holtzer Roee , Verghese Joe 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence of fear of falling (FOF) and the risk factors associated with transient versus persistent FOF in community‐dwelling older adults.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: Bronx County, New York.PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred eighty participants without FOF at baseline in the Einstein Aging Study aged 70 and older.MEASUREMENTS: FOF was assessed at baseline and during follow‐up interviews at 2‐ to 3‐month intervals for a minimum 2 years. Incident FOF was classified as transient or persistent FOF. Transient FOF was defined as new‐onset FOF reported at only one interview, and persistent FOF was FOF reported at two or more interviews over a 2‐year period.RESULTS: Twenty‐four‐month cumulative incidence of incident FOF was 45.4%, with 60.0% of FOF being persistent. Predictors of incident FOF included female sex (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.08–2.23), depressive symptoms (aHR=1.16, 95% CI=1.07–1.26), falls (aHR=1.50, 95% CI=1.01–2.21), and clinical gait abnormality (aHR=2.07, 95% CI=1.42–3.01). The proportion of participants with incident FOF increased linearly with increasing number of risk factors. Predictors for transient and persistent FOF were depressive symptoms and clinical gait abnormality. Female sex and previous falls were predictors of persistent but not transient FOF.CONCLUSION: FOF status in older adults may change over time, with shared and distinct risk factors for persistent and transient FOF. Understanding the dynamic nature of FOF and these risk factors will help identify high‐risk groups and design future intervention studies.
Holter Monitoring in Syncope: Diagnostic Yield in Octogenarians
Authors: Kühne Michael , Schaer Beat , Sticherling Christian , Osswald Stefan 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic yield of Holter monitoring in very old adults (≥80) with syncope.DESIGN: A Holter study was considered diagnostic if the arrhythmia explained syncope (atrioventricular (AV) block, sinus node dysfunction, atrial fibrillation with severe bradycardia or tachycardia, supraventricular or ventricular tachycardia).SETTING: A tertiary care center in Switzerland over a period of 10 years.PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred seventy‐five Holter studies were performed in individuals aged 80 and older (median age 84, 65% female, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 0.56 ± 0.1%).MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Fifty‐three Holter studies (11%) were diagnostic. The detected arrhythmias were AV block (n=13), sinus node dysfunction (n=13), binodal disease (n=2), atrial fibrillation with slow or rapid ventricular response (n=21), ventricular tachycardia (n=3) and supraventricular tachycardia (n=1). Forty participants (8%) received a pacemaker, and one received an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator because of the results of Holter monitoring. The yield of Holter monitoring was significantly greater (all P<.01) in the presence of heart disease (17%) and low LVEF (22%), in men (17%) and in participants aged 90 and older (20%). Heart disease (odds ratio (OR)=3.2, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.7–6.1), male sex (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.1–3.8), and aged 90 and older (OR=2.4, 95% CI=1.2–5.1) remained independent predictors for a high diagnostic yield of Holter monitoring. Furthermore, Holter monitoring was helpful in excluding arrhythmias as a cause of syncope in an additional 10% of cases.CONCLUSION: The diagnostic value of Holter monitoring in participants aged 80 and older with syncope was 11.2%. Its yield was higher in men and in the presence of structural heart disease and was 20% in individuals aged 90 and older.
Prevalence and Effect on Health‐Related Quality of Life of Overactive Bladder in Older Americans: Results from the Epidemiology of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Study
Authors: Sexton Chris C. , Coyne Karin S. , Thompson Christine , Bavendam Tamara , Chen Chieh‐I , Markland Alayne 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and effect of overactive bladder (OAB) on healthcare‐seeking behavior, mental health, and generic and condition‐specific health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in older adults.DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the U.S. sample of the Epidemiology of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (EpiLUTS) study—a population‐based, cross‐sectional, Internet‐based survey.SETTING: Community.PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand four hundred eighty‐five men and 2,877 women aged 65 and older.MEASUREMENTS: Prevalence and effect on HRQL of urinary symptoms, including OAB. OAB was defined as the presence of urinary urgency and/or urinary urgency incontinence. Descriptive analyses and subgroup comparisons were conducted to evaluate the prevalence of OAB in men and women aged 65 and older and the effect of OAB on various aspects of HRQL.RESULTS: The survey response rate was 46.9% of men and 61.0% of women. Prevalence rates of OAB at least “sometimes” were 40.4% in men and 46.9% in women. OAB was associated with significant impairments across all domains of patient‐reported outcomes, including general HRQL (Medical Outcomes Study 12‐item Short‐Form Survey), ratings of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and urinary condition–specific outcomes (Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Short Form and Patient Perception of Bladder Condition) (P<.001).CONCLUSION: OAB is common in older adults in the United States and is associated with substantial impairment in mental health and HRQL, but rates of treatment seeking behavior are low. Older patients should be assessed for OAB.
Highly Infrared Transparent Nanometric Tetragonal Zirconia Prepared by High‐Pressure Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Zhang Haibin , Li Zhipeng , Kim Byung‐Nam , Morita Koji , Yoshida Hidehiro , Hiraga Keijiro , Sakka Yoshio 
Published: June 2011

Highly infrared transparent tetragonal ZrO2 (3 mol% yttria‐stabilized) was prepared by means of high‐pressure spark plasma sintering (HP‐SPS). The crystallite size of the resulting dense sample was about 80 nm. In‐line transmittance for the 1.5 mm thick sample ranged between 63% and 67% in the wavelength of 3–5 μm, representing 81%–87% of the theoretic value. Meanwhile, the cutoff wavelength of tetragonal ZrO2 was superior to the values of other high‐strength transparent ceramics. This study highlighted the efficiency and simplicity of HP‐SPS for obtaining transparent tetragonal ZrO2 and the great potential of this ceramic applied for durable infrared windows.
Optimization of PST Thin Films Grown by Sputtering and Complete Dielectric Performance Evaluation: An Alternative Material for Tunable Devices
Authors: Lei Xiuyun , Rémiens Denis , Ponchel Freddy , Soyer Caroline , Wang Genshui , Dong Xianlin 
Published: June 2011

PbxSr1‐xTiO3 (PST) thin films with the ratio Pb/Sr = 40/60 were deposited on silicon substrate with Pt or LaNiO3 (LNO) bottom electrodes by radio frequency magnetron sputtering followed by a postannealing treatment. The structural and microstructural analyses were performed and a perovskite phase was obtained whatever the nature of the bottom electrodes and even at a low temperature (450°C). The optimal annealing temperature is 650°C at which the films have a dense and fine microstructure. For electrical characterization the different top electrodes (Pt and LNO) were used. In both cases, we demonstrate that PST films present excellent performances in terms of dielectric properties and in particular, the tunability and Figure of Merit. A large tunability (57% at 400 kV/cm) and low dielectric losses (1.4%) were measured at 10 kHz for Pt/PST/Pt structures postannealed at 500°C. For LNO/PST/LNO structures, postannealed at 650°C, the improved tunability (≈80%) and low loss factor (≈2%) were obtained. Prospects of PST as an alternative to BST for tunable applications with a real potentiality of monolithic integration with silicon, in terms of thermal budget, are considered.