bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Siglec-E Is Up-Regulated and Phosphorylated Following Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation in Order to Limit TLR-Driven Cytokine Production
Authors: Boyd Caroline R. , Orr Selinda J. , Spence Shaun , Burrows James F. , Elliott Joanne , Carroll Helen P. , Brennan Kiva , Gabhann Joan Ní , Coulter Wilson A. , Johnston James A. , Jefferies Caroline A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Although production of cytokines by TLR is essential for viral and bacterial clearance, overproduction can be detrimental, thus controlling these responses is essential. CD33-related sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin receptors (Siglecs) have been implicated in the control of leukocyte responses. In this study, we report that murine Siglec-E is induced by TLRs in a MyD88-specific manner, is tyrosine phosphorylated following LPS stimulation, and negatively regulates TLR responses. Specifically, we demonstrate the Siglec-E expression inhibits TLR-induced NF-κB and more importantly, the induction of the antiviral cytokines IFN-β and RANTES. Siglec-E mediates its inhibitory effects on TIR domain containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-dependent cytokine production via recruitment of the serine/threonine phosphatase SHP2 and subsequent inhibition of TBK1 activity as evidenced by enhanced TBK1 phosphorylation in cells following knockdown of Siglec-E expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate a novel role for Siglec-E in controlling the antiviral response to TLRs and thus helping to maintain a healthy cytokine balance following infection.
Study on Crack‐like Pores of Al Foams Made via the Powder‐Metallurgy Route
Authors: Wang Lei , Yao Guangchun , Liu Yihan , Zu Guoyin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMechanisms for the formation and disappearance of the crack‐like pores generated during the early stage of Al foaming are investigated. A model for their disappearance process is proposed for the first time. The stress, perpendicular to the compaction direction in uniaxial cold compaction, is caused by the interaction of the Al powder under a high compaction pressure and is the main reason for the formation of the crack‐like pores. The results of the model analysis and theoretical calculations suggest that the pressure difference ΔP between the initial, round bubbles and the crack‐like pores is the driving force for their disappearance. The rapid reduction of ΔP is attributed to the decomposition characteristics of the TiH2 powder.
High Velocity Oxy Fuel Spraying of Cold Work Tool Steels‐ A Novel Approach to Thick Coatings for Wear Protection Applications
Authors: Röttger Arne , Weber Sebastian L. , Theisen Werner , Rajasekaran Balasundaram , Vaßen Robert 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWithin this work, HVOF sprayed coatings based on X220CrVMo13‐4 cold work steel were applied to a S235JR construction steel substrate. The investigations focus on the influence of particle size and spray parameters on the coating microstructure, analyzed by means of optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additional XRD measurements and micro hardness plots across the interface between substrate material and coating were carried out. Furthermore, the influence of particle size on the detected phases and coating porosity was studied. The results were compared with an X220CrMoV13‐4 reference sample produced by HIP.
General Zinc‐Catalyzed Conia‐Ene Reactions of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Alkynes Including the Classically Challenging Substrates under Neat Conditions
Authors: Deng Chen‐Liang , Song Ren‐Jie , Liu Yi‐Lin , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA simple, versatile new approach to four‐membered ring to six‐membered ring products has been developed by zinc‐catalyzed intramolecular Conia‐ene reactions of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with alkynes. This new route allows a wide range of dicarbonyl compounds, including the classically challenging 1,3‐diesters and N,N′‐disubstituted 1,3‐keto amides, to be used for the Conia‐ene reaction with inexpensive zinc chloride (ZnCl2) under neat conditions.
A matrix method for multicomponent distillation sequences
Authors: Shah Vishesh H. , Agrawal Rakesh 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe describe a simple‐to‐use “matrix” method for obtaining all the basic distillation configurations and additional thermally coupled configurations that separate a zeotropic multicomponent feed into essentially pure product streams. This provides an opportunity to rank‐list the configurations for a given application subject to criteria of interest. The only information needed to generate the configurations is the number of components in the feed. We have successfully enumerated all the configurations for feeds containing up to eight components. The method can also be used to generate nondistillation and hybrid separation configurations, and even easy‐to‐retrofit configurations. We illustrate the use of this method by applying it to the highly energy‐intensive problem of petroleum crude distillation. We have identified more than 70 new configurations that could potentially have lower heat duty than the existing configuration. A significant number of these could reduce the heat demand by nearly 50%. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 56: 1759–1775, 2010
Costs by industry and diagnosis among musculoskeletal claims in a state workers compensation system: 1999–2004
Authors: Dunning Kari K. , Davis Kermit G. , Cook Chad , Kotowski Susan E. , Hamrick Chris , Jewell Gregory , Lockey James 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a tremendous burden on industry in the United States. However, there is limited understanding of the unique issues relating to specific industry sectors, specifically the frequency and costs of different MSDs.MethodsClaim data from 1999 to 2004 from the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation were analyzed as a function of industry sector (NAICS industry‐sector categories) and anatomical region (ICD‐9 codes).ResultsAlmost 50% of the claims were lumbar spine (26.9%) or hand/wrist (21.7%). The majority of claims were from manufacturing (25.1%) and service (32.8%) industries. The industries with the highest average costs per claim were transportation, warehouse, and utilities and construction. Across industries, the highest costs per claim were consistently for the lumbar spine, shoulder, and cervical spine body regions.ConclusionThis study provides insight into the severity (i.e., medical and indemnity costs) of MSDs across multiple industries, providing data for prioritizing of resources for research and interventions. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:276–284, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mardini–Nyhan association (lung agenesis, congenital heart, and thumb anomalies): Three new cases and possible recurrence in a sib—Is there a distinct recessive syndrome?
Authors: Hastings Rob , Harding David , Donaldson Alan , Liebling Rachel , Hayes Alison , Kraus Alison , Joss Shelagh , Narayanaswamy Shuba , Turnpenny Peter , Smithson Sarah 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn 1985, Mardini and Nyhan described three patients from consanguineous families with unilateral complete/partial lung agenesis, congenital cardiac defects, and ipsilateral thumb anomalies. Although there have been many reports of lung agenesis with other malformations, especially hemifacial microsomia and radial ray anomalies, very few demonstrate this triad of defects. We describe three patients with the Mardini–Nyhan association which may represent a distinct entity, although this remains uncertain at present. A fourth patient is also described, the sister of one of the other patients, with complex congenital cardiac disease and bilateral lung lobation abnormalities. This is the first reported incidence of a possible recurrence within a family and suggests, together with the consanguinity observed by Mardini and Nyhan, that recessive inheritance should be considered in genetic counseling for this disorder. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two adults with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome with mild mental retardation, glaucoma, normal growth and skull circumference, and camptodactyly of third fingers
Authors: Wieczorek Dagmar , Bartsch Oliver , Lechno Stanislav , Kohlhase Jürgen , Peters Dorien J.M. , Dauwerse Hans , Gillessen‐Kaesbach Gabriele , Hennekam Raoul C.M. , Passarge Eberhard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS; OMIM 180849) is a well‐defined mental retardation/multiple congenital anomalies (MR/MCA) syndrome characterized by postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, specific facial features, broad thumbs and halluces, and MR of variable degree. Ten percent of patients with RTS have a microdeletion 16p13.3, 40–50% carry a mutation of theCREBBPgene and another 3% have a mutation in theEP300gene. In the remaining patients with clinically suspected RTS no mutation can be detected. Here we describe two patients with an RTS phenotype, one with a mutation in theCREBBPgene and the other without a detectableCREBBPorEP300mutation and without a chromosomal imbalance on high‐resolution arrays. Both patients present with the characteristic facial RTS phenotype, broad thumbs and big toes, mild MR, formation of keloids and glaucoma, but without postnatal growth retardation or microcephaly. In addition, they have both congenital camptodactyly of third (and fourth) fingers, which has not reported in RTS previously. We suggest that they represent a clinical subtype of RTS. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome‐wide linkage scan of nonsyndromic orofacial clefting in 91 families of central European origin
Authors: Mangold Elisabeth , Reutter Heiko , Birnbaum Stefanie , Walier Maja , Mattheisen Manuel , Henschke Henning , Lauster Carola , Schmidt Gül , Schiefke Franziska , Reich Rudolf H. , Scheer Martin , Hemprich Alexander , Martini Markus , Braumann Bert , Krimmel Michael , Opitz Charlotte , Lenz Jan‐Hendrik , Kramer Franz‐Josef , Wienker Thomas F. , Nöthen Markus M. , Diaz Lacava Amalia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOrofacial clefts are among the most common of all congenital disorders. Nonsyndromic cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) and cleft palate only (NSCPO) are considered to have a multifactorial etiology which involves both genetic and environmental factors. We present the results of a genome‐wide linkage scan in 91 families of central European descent with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSC). The sample included 74 NSCL/P families, 15 NSCPO families, and 2 mixed families (a total of 217 affected and 230 unaffected individuals were genotyped). We genotyped 542 microsatellite markers (average intermarker distance = 6.9 cM). Multipoint nonparametric linkage analysis was performed using Allegro 2.0f. In addition to the factors investigated in previous genome‐wide linkage analyses, we searched for sex‐specific susceptibility loci, loci demonstrating parental imprinting and loci that are shared by NSCL/P and NSCPO. Several genomic regions likely to contain susceptibility loci for NSC were identified at the level of nominal significance. Some of these overlap with regions identified in previous studies. Suggestive evidence of linkage was obtained for the loci 4q21‐q26 and 1p31‐p21, with the chromosome 1 locus showing a male‐specific genetic effect. Our study has identified promising chromosomal regions for the identification of NSC‐associated genes, and demonstrates the importance of performing detailed statistical analyses which take into account complex genetic mechanisms such as sex‐specific effects and genomic imprinting. Further research in large patient samples is necessary to identify factors common to NSCL/P and NSCPO. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exudativory in the Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis) in Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura, northeast India
Authors: Swapna N. , Radhakrishna Sindhu , Gupta Atul K. , Kumar Ajith 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this study we estimated the extent of exudativory in Nycticebus bengalensis and examined whether exudates can be considered as fallback foods. This study was carried out in Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary, northeastern India, in winter (December–February) and summer (March and April). We estimated time–activity budget using instantaneous sampling and used continuous focal animal sampling to record all instances and durations of feeding, over a total of 177 hr. Feeding accounted for 22.3±2.2% of the activity budget, with no seasonal difference. Bengal slow lorises fed on exudates, nectar, fruit, bark, invertebrates and avian eggs. In addition to scraping they also obtained exudates by gouging holes into the bark of trees. In winter, lorises almost exclusively fed on exudates (94.3% of winter feeding time). In summer, exudates (67.3%) and nectar from one species (22.3%) dominated the diet. This study identifies the Bengal slow loris as the most exudativorous loris. Exudates rather than being a staple fallback food, seem to be a preferred, patchily distributed and common food in the diet of the Bengal slow loris. Exudativory in this species is characterized by high selectivity among species and seasonal variation, which may be related to variations in productivity of exudates and their chemical composition. An understanding of these factors is necessary for predicting the response of this species to human disturbance such as logging. This study also underscores the importance of protecting some of the common species such as Terminalia belerica on which the loris feeds during periods of scarcity. Am. J. Primatol. 72:113–121, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Die Renaissance der α‐Methylen‐γ‐butyrolactone: neue Syntheseansätze
Authors: Kitson Russell R. A. , Millemaggi Alessia , Taylor Richard J. K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeit einigen Jahren erlebt die Forschung an α‐Methylen‐γ‐butyrolactonen einen enormen Aufschwung. Diese Übersicht beschreibt die Strukturen, die biologische Aktivität und die Biosynthese der Substanzen mit dem Schwerpunkt auf Veröffentlichungen aus den letzten zehn Jahren. Thematisiert werden sowohl die klassischen Herstellungsmethoden von α‐Methylen‐γ‐butyrolactonen und α‐Alkyliden‐γ‐butyrolactonen als auch neue Syntheseansätze, die unter anderem von uns entwickelt worden sind.
Expression of Lymphatic Markers During Avian and Mouse Cardiogenesis
Authors: Karunamuni Ganga , Yang Ke , Doughman Yong Qiu , Wikenheiser Jamie , Bader David , Barnett Joey , Austin Anita , Parsons‐Wingerter Patricia , Watanabe Michiko 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe adult heart has been reported to have an extensive lymphatic system, yet the development of this important system during cardiogenesis is still largely unexplored. The nuclear‐localized transcription factor Prox‐1 identified a sheet of Prox‐1‐positive cells on the developing aorta and pulmonary trunk in avian and murine embryos just before septation of the four heart chambers. The cells coalesced into a branching lymphatic network that spread within the epicardium to cover the heart. These vessels eventually expressed the lymphatic markers LYVE‐1, VEGFR‐3, and podoplanin. Before the Prox‐1‐positive cells were detected in the mouse epicardium, LYVE‐1, a homologue of the CD44 glycoprotein, was primarily expressed in individual epicardial cells. Similar staining patterns were observed for CD44 in avian embryos. The proximity of these LYVE‐1/CD44‐positive mesenchymal cells to Prox‐1‐positive vessels suggests that they may become incorporated into the lymphatics. Unexpectedly, we detected LYVE‐1/PECAM/VEGFR‐3‐positive vessels within the embryonic and adult myocardium, which remained Prox‐1/podoplanin‐negative. Lymphatic markers were surprisingly found in adult rat and embryonic mouse epicardial cell lines, with Prox‐1 also exhibiting nuclear‐localized expression in primary cultures of embryonic avian epicardial cells. Our data identified three types of cells in the embryonic heart expressing lymphatic markers: (1) Prox‐1‐positive cells from an extracardiac source that migrate within the serosa of the outflow tract into the epicardium of the developing heart, (2) individual LYVE‐1‐positive cells in the epicardium that may be incorporated into the Prox‐1‐positive lymphatic vasculature, and (3) LYVE‐1‐positive cells/vessels in the myocardium that do not become Prox‐1‐positive even in the adult heart. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical Sciences Education vol.2, issue 6, 2009 cover image
Authors: Kinnison Tierney , Forrest Neil David , Frean Stephen Philip , Baillie Sarah 
Published: November 2009

AbstractVeterinary students at the Royal Veterinary College, University of London learn about bovine abdominal anatomy using a virtual reality simulator, the Haptic Cow. A haptic device is positioned inside a fiberglass model of the rear‐half of a cow, allowing students to palpate virtual abdominal structures via a robotic arm. The Haptic Cow helps to address some of the practical and ethical issues around sourcing and using cadavers and live animals in teaching. Kinnison and her co‐authors discuss use of this simulator in anatomy classes in the current issue of ASE.
L1Penalized Estimation in the Cox Proportional Hazards Model
Authors: Goeman Jelle J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article presents a novel algorithm that efficiently computesL1penalized (lasso) estimates of parameters in high‐dimensional models. The lasso has the property that it simultaneously performs variable selection and shrinkage, which makes it very useful for finding interpretable prediction rules in high‐dimensional data. The new algorithm is based on a combination of gradient ascent optimization with the Newton–Raphson algorithm. It is described for a general likelihood function and can be applied in generalized linear models and other models with anL1penalty. The algorithm is demonstrated in the Cox proportional hazards model, predicting survival of breast cancer patients using gene expression data, and its performance is compared with competing approaches. AnRpackage,penalized, that implements the method, is available on CRAN.
Illustrating the steady‐state condition and the single‐molecule kinetic method with the NMDA receptor
Authors: Kosman Daniel J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe steady‐state is a fundamental aspect of biochemical pathways in cells; indeed, the concept of steady‐state is a definition of life itself. In a simple enzyme kinetic scheme, the steady‐state condition is easy to define analytically but experimentally often difficult to capture because of its evanescent quality; the initial, constant velocity condition that signifies the steady‐state of the Ef and ES system is often short‐lived. The recording of electrophysiologic events through a receptor channel is used here to illustrate the steady‐state and to introduce the single‐molecule approach to the quantification of biologic kinetic schemes. This article first briefly reviews the Michaelis‐Menten and Briggs‐Haldane formulations for the simple enzyme kinetic scheme. The salient structural features of the NMDA (N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid) receptor are introduced as is the single NMDA molecule patch‐clamp method; this is a high‐resolution method for recording charge (ion) transfer through this and other ionotropic (ion‐conducting) receptors. The concept of a time constant is related directly to a rate constant in showing that durations of channel opening and closing directly provide values for the rate constants that link the various conformation states adopted by the receptor when it is at a steady state. These rate constants provide the basis for illustrating the energy relationships between the multiple protein conformation states that the receptor populates during steady‐state ion conduction across the cell membrane. The article emphasizes the advantages of collecting the mean behavior of a single molecule over time in comparison to the mean behavior of a large collection of independent molecules at a single time point.
Escherichia coli
Authors: Goodsell David S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDiverse biological data may be used to create illustrations of molecules in their cellular context. I describe the scientific results that support a recent textbook illustration of an Escherichia coli cell. The image magnifies a portion of the bacterium at one million times, showing the location and form of individual macromolecules. Results from biochemistry, electron microscopy, and X‐ray crystallography were used to create the image.
Sex offender registration and recidivism risk in juvenile sexual offenders
Authors: Caldwell Michael F. , Dickinson Casey 
Published: November 2009

AbstractJuvenile sex offenders are increasingly included in sex offender registration laws, based, in part, on the assumption that they pose a distinctively high risk for future sexual violence and registration may help to mitigate this risk. To test this assumption, the current study compares risk scores on the static scales of the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol—II (JSOAP‐II; Prentky & Righthand, 2003) and the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI; Hoge, Andrews, & Leschied, 2002), between samples of 106 registered and 66 unregistered juvenile sex offenders. New criminal charges, including sexually based crimes, were examined over a mean follow‐up of 49.2 months (SD = 29.6 months). Results indicated that registered youth had lower risk scores on scales that most accurately predicted recidivism and registered youth were charged with new crimes at rates similar to those of unregistered youth. Reoffense risk, as measured by the risk scales, was not moderated by registration. The findings did not support the assumption that registration can effectively lower the risk for reoffense in juvenile offenders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bootstrapping persistence risk indicators for juveniles who sexually offend
Authors: Knight Raymond A. , Ronis Scott T. , Zakireh Barry 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis research was supported by research grants MH54263‐01 from the National Institute of Mental Health and 94‐IJ‐CX‐0049 from the National Institute of Justice. The authors wish to express their deep appreciation to the staff in the numerous institutions at which we have tested for their considerable commitment of time and energy to our research program. We also thank all the offenders who participated in our research. Special thanks are due to David Cerce and Alison Martino for coordinating the coding of files and organizing all of our data, to Nick Fadden and Karen Fadden for help in coordinating and collecting the Minnesota data, and to Karen Locke for her programming and data processing skills. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.