bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Factor Activity of Stomach Preparations from Various Animal Species
Authors: Hippe E. , Schwartz M. 
Published: August 2010

Stomach preparations from 19 different animal species have been studied for intrinsic factor activity by applying the Schilling test in patients with pernicious anaemia, and by means of in vitro assay with antibody to human intrinsic factor.Stomach preparations from man, pig, cow, ferret, rabbit, rat, and hamster were able to promote vitamin B12 absorption in the human intestine. The B12‐binding ability of these preparations was inhibited by antibody to intrinsic factor. Gastric mucosa homogenate from guinea pig was ineffective in the patients but reacted with the antibody to intrinsic factor.Stomach preparations from dog, cat, chicken, toad, frog, black slug, edible snail, lobster, eel, plaice, and sea trout were all inefficacious with the Schilling test as well as with the in vitro assay.
Routine Tests as Measures of the Total Intrinsic Blood Clotting Potential
Authors: Korsan‐Bengtsen Kristoffer 
Published: August 2010

The whole blood clotting time (WBCT) determined in silicone‐treated tubes was compared with the recalcification time of citrated plasma in silicone tubes (RTST), the partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in a group of dicumarol‐treated patients.By linear regression analyses, correlation coefficients of about 0.7 were found when WBCT was compared with RTST and APTT. In a group of 9 patients with only moderately decreased factor II, VII, X activity, the clotting times of the investigated methods exceeded the upper normal limits. In seven of these patients two or more of the tests coincided. Although there were considerable disaggrements among the tests, it is probable that they at least partly measure the same qualities.A quality control study over more than one year showed that the PTT test varied considerably but that the APTT test carried out with the commercial reagent Platelin plus Activator varied remarkably little. To test the total clotting potential of plasma in routine laboratory work, APTT seems to be the test of choice.
Comparison of Thrombotest and Simplastin A (a Modified P & P Test) in the Detection of Prolonged Clotting Times of Whole Blood and Plasma During Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Korsan‐Bengtsen Kristoffer 
Published: August 2010

Methods used to control dicumarol therapy differ in their sensitivity to the inhibitor formed during administration of dicumarol. For this reason the therapeutic levels vary, even when the methods are standardized with the same dilutions of normal plasma.The problem investigated is whether prolonged clotting times of whole blood or plasma are heralded equally well by Thrombotest, which is sensitive to the inhibitor, as by Simplastin A (a modified P & P method), which is insensitive to it. Whole blood clotting time was determined for 130 patients, recalcification time of plasma in silicone‐treated tubes for 176 patients, and activated partial thromboplastin time for 350 patients. Thrombotest and Simplastin A were carried out simultaneously with the other tests on every patient treated with dicumarol. Thrombotest and Simplastin A did not differ in their ability to warn against prolonged clotting times of whole blood or plasma.
Leucopoietic Properties of Four Different Androgenic Hormones in Irradiated Rats
Authors: Horn Y. 
Published: August 2010

The bone marrow of irradiated rats was used to study the leucopoietic properties of 4 androgenic hormones; nortestosterone (Durabolin®), hedydroisoandrosterone (DHA), testosterone propionate and fluoxymesterone.Data were analysed to compare results in both sexes, various dosages of the hormones and differences between prophylactic and therapeutic treatment.According to the results, it was concluded that the androgenicity or anabolic property of a given hormone plays a role in its leucopoietic effect which is sex and dose dependant.
Congenital Sideroblastic Anaemia in a Girl
Authors: Seip Martin , Gjessing Leiv R. , Lie Sverre O. 
Published: August 2010

A girl with severe, sideroblastic, ‘dimorphic’ anaemia, probably present since birth, is reported. She has extremely low erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels and low erythrocyte coproporphyrin levels. Porphyrin synthesis from ALA proceeds normally in haemolysates from her red cells in vitro. No ALA could be demonstrated in plasma or red cells using an amino acid analyser (normal finding). Glutamic acid and glycine levels in erythrocytes were elevated.In contrast to the more common sex‐linked form of congenital sideroblastic anaemia, which is thought to be caused by a partial block in conversion of coproporphyrin to protoporphyrin, the metabolic defect in our patient seems to be in some step in haeme synthesis prior to ALA, perhaps an ALA‐synthetase deficiency. Four similar cases in females have been traced in the literature. The mode of inheritance of this disease is unknown.
Oral Iron with Succinic Acid in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Authors: Hallberg Leif , Norrby Anders , Sölvell Lennart 
Published: August 2010

The iron absorption from ferrous sulphate tablets with and without succinic acid was studied during the first month of treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. The studies were made in volunteers made anaemic and iron depleted by repeated phlebotomies. The two kinds of tablets labelled with different radioiron isotopes were given on alternate days and the absorption was measured by a combined use of a whole body counter and a double radioiron technique. In 4 subjects the absorption was studied during the first 20 days of treatment and the average absorption was 20.9 and 13.5% of the 222 mg of iron administered daily when given with and without succinic acid respectively.In 4 other subjects the absorption was studied during two periods — day 1—10 and day 21–30. In the first period similar results were found as in the study day 1–20. The absorption day 21–30, however, was considerably lower. There was still, however, an absorption promoting effect of succinic acid of about the same magnitude. A calculation showed that the period of treatment needed to achieve the same total amount of iron absorbed can be expected to be much longer with ferrous sulphate alone due to the marked influence of the absorption promotor during the first 3 weeks of treatment when the absorption is markedly increased. The fact that in all periods studied more iron was absorbed than was used for haemoglobin formation thus indicates that iron stores start to be formed early and before the haemoglobin mass is restituted under the conditions studied.
LDH Isoenzymes in Extreme Density Human Platelet Populations
Authors: Knudsen Finn Ursin 
Published: August 2010

By discontinuous gradient centrifugation in two oily mixtures of n‐dibutyl phthalate and Apiezon A oil of an accurately fixed specific gravity (1.0270 and 1.0405), platelets from 16 normal platelet pools were separated into extreme density platelet populations (large‐heavy and small‐light platelets) which were studied against unseparated control platelets for platelet volume and LDH isoenzymes.By the microhaematocrit method the mean platelet volume per platelet in large‐heavy, small‐light, and control populations was 11.6 μ3, 5.7 μ3, and 7.3 μ3. LDH isoenzyme determination, using disc polyacrylamide electrophoresis, revealed identical isoenzyme patterns in large‐heavy, small‐light, and control platelets. When expressed by the logarithm of the H/M ratio, the mean values for the three groups were 0.16, 0.15, and 0.15.Thus, the study adduced no evidence of a correlation between human platelet isoenzyme parameters and platelet volume.
Erythropoiesis Stimulating Factors
Authors: Lewis Jasper P. , Alford Dorothy A. , Neal W. Aubrey , Moores Russel R. , Welch Emily T. , Gardner Edward , Wright Claude‐Starr , Smith Linda L. 
Published: August 2010

A urine concentrate of erythropoietin, obtained by chromatography on diethylamino‐ethyl (DEAE)‐cellulose, contained regulators of erythropoiesis that could be fractionated by selective membrane permeability. Two erythropoiesis stimulating factors (ESF) were obtained after exhaustive dialysis, one that diffused through the membrane and one in the retentate. A biochemical study of the ESF in the diffusate showed no appreciable sialic acid or fucose, a trace of hexosamine and a relatively small amount of protein. The remainder of the complex appeared to be an adrenocorticosteroid(s). The protein appeared to be a fragment of a glycoprotein.After exhaustive dialysis the retentate‐ESF had the characteristics of an ESF‐generating factor. The optimum pH for activity was about 7.4. It is suggested that an ESF(s) remains inactive when bound to a glycoprotein such as α1‐acid glycoprotein or the corticosteroid‐binding globulin. A role of an ESF‐generating factor would be to act on the complex to produce a fragment of the glycoprotein steroid complex, thereby activating the hormone.
Chromosomal Damage Induced by Chlorambucil in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: LAWLER SYLVIA D. , LELE KUSUM P. 
Published: August 2010

Evidence of chromosomal damage was found in mitogen stimulated cultures of the lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), who had been treated with chlorambucil, if sensitivity of the cells to the drug could be demonstrated by an in vitro test (Lawler et al 1971). Additional chromosomal damage was induced when chlorambucil was added to such lymphocytes, in the presence of mitogens, in vitro. On the other hand, if the patients' lymphocytes had previously shown resistance to chlorambucil but little chromosomal damage resulted from therapy or could be induced when the drug was added in in vitro experiments.Chromosomally rearranged lymphocytes found in patients with CLL, who have been treated with chlorambucil, may be interpreted as surviving cells with drug induced changes.
Innervation of Bone Marrow in the Rabbit
Authors: Miller Marian L. , McCuskey Robert S. 
Published: August 2010

The tibias of fetal, neonatal and mature New Zealand albino rabbits were investigated histochemically to elucidate the development of innervation of the blood vessels and parenchyma in the marrow cavity.The neurovascular complex in the marrow was developed poorly at birth. Adrenergic nerves were detected with difficulty and accompanied thin walled blood vessels which could not be identified as either arterial or venous. Large bundles of nerves, suggesting the beginning of myelination, appeared by the 5th neonatal day. Simultaneously, several other morphological changes occurred. Arteries in the marrow developed a PAS positive adventitia which loosely held the nerve bundles; complete internal elastic lamellae and muscular medias also were seen for the first time. Concomitantly, there was incrcease in sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides in the connective tissue of the developing marrow cavity and large numbers of osteoclasts were seen in the enlarging marrow cavity. At this time scattered foci of early haemopoietic activity were found.In the adult, adrenergic and cholinesterase positive nerves were distributed along both arteries and veins. Adrenergic fibers also were present on arterioles and on thin walled vessels (sinusoids and venules). Among the parenchyma, cholinesterase positive fibers were found more frequently than were adrenergic fibers. While some of the fibers were observed near haemopoietic foci and fat cells, no specific terminations were observed. The ratio of fibers to cellular elements in the marrow did not seem to differ with the degree of haemopoietic activity.The results suggest that the development of a mature neurovascular complex is critical to the establishment of microenvironment suitable for haemopoiesis to occur. In addition, the reported neural influence on haemopoiesis is suggested to be mediated through vasomotor activity.
Urinary Erythropoietin Excretion During Initial Treatment of Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: Finne Per Haavardsholm , Skoglund Roy , Wetterhus Sigurd 
Published: August 2010

Erythropoietin excretion in the urine was assayed in four patients with pernicious anaemia before and after initiation of vitamin‐B12 therapy.A rapid decline in erythropoietin excretion was found; with treatment the lowest levels occurred on the third to fifth day, prior to the reticulocyte peak in the peripheral blood. The drop in erythropoietin excretion cannot be explained by normalization of the supply of oxygen to the sensitive erythropoietin producing cells, since haemoglobin concentrations were still at pretreatment levels and other factors that may compensate for the hypoxaemia were not operative at this time. It is therefore suggested that the normalization of the bone marrow and DNA synthesis during vitamin‐B12 treatment causes increased binding or ‘utilization’ of erythropoietin and hence the decrease in excretion.
A Macromolecular Serum Component Acting on Platelets in the Presence of EDTA —‘Platelet Stain Preventing Factor’
Authors: Stavem Per , Berg Kåre 
Published: August 2010

A macromolecular serum component, platelet stain preventing factor (PSPF), possessing the capacity to prevent staining of platelets, has been observed in the serum of an apparently healthy person. The factor is active only when EDTA is present, and it has reacted with all platelet samples tested until now.Thus far, it has not been possible to demonstrate that the factor resides in any of the known serum proteins.
Studies on the Thrombin Clotting Time
Authors: Arnesen Harald , Godal Hans Chr. 
Published: August 2010

Mixtures of fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) from purified fibrinogen, as well as purified products from defined stages of fibrinogen degradation have been tested as to their influence on the thrombin clotting time.The prolongation of the thrombin clotting time exerted by various FDP was found to depend on the relative concentrations of FDP and fibrinogen in the test system. In addition, decreasing concentrations of fibrinogen increased the relative inhibitory influence of FDP.N‐terminal amino acid analysis revealed that the strong effect exerted by purified stage II FDP was mainly due to polymerization inhibition, while the moderate effect exerted by products (D + E) was due to combined thrombin and polymerization inhibition.
Studies on the Thrombin Clotting Time
Authors: Arnesen Harald 
Published: August 2010

The influence on the thrombin clotting time of degradation products obtained from soluble or polymerized fibrin was studied.Plasmin degradation of soluble fibrin gave products which markedly prolonged the thrombin clotting time, whereas degradation products from polymerized fibrin (extra clot lysis) were almost inactive. The effect on the thrombin clotting time of degradation products obtained by intra clot lysis varied considerably, dependent on the relative concentrations of thrombin and plasmin used.The present observations stress the importance of a strict definition of fibrin as a source of degradation products, and are also related to the clinical interpretation of the thrombin clotting time.
Degradation of Human Fibrinogen by Brinastrase®, Trypsin and Chymotrypsin: An Immunological Study
Authors: Gormsen Johs. , Feddersen C. , Andersen R. B. 
Published: August 2010

Human fibrinogen is degraded by Brinastrase, trypsin and chymotrypsin and the fibrinogen related antigens (F.R.A.) are characterized by agar and crossed agarose immunoelectrophoresis, using anti‐fibrinogen and monospecific anti‐D and anti‐E serum.D+E‐antigenic F.R.A. are not seen during digestion with Brinastraser̀ or chymotrypsin. D‐antigenic fractions with different electrophoretic mobility and of different antigenic potency appear initially during digestion with these enzymes and are degraded into non‐antigenic polypeptides during further digestion. Trypsin, however, digests fibrinogen as plasmin, but the D‐antigenic fragments, after repeated digestion, lose their antigenic properties.Fragments, immunoelectrophoretically very similar to the plasmin‐resistant E‐fractions (M.W. around 50, 000), are formed during digestion with Brinastrase, chymotrypsin and trypsin. They are rather resistant to further degradation.Sustained trypsin‐digestion results in formation of fragments with partial E‐antigenicity and Brinastrase and chymotrypsin produce after sustained and repeated incubation fragments, with significantly increased electrophoretic mobility and decrease in M.W. as estimated by SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Also these fragments, however, retain at least some E‐antigenic properties.
Ultrastructural Visualization of the Thrombin‐Induced Platelet Release Reaction
Authors: Droller Michael J. 
Published: August 2010

The present study distinguishes the morphological changes associated specifically with the thrombin‐induced platelet release reaction as isolated from platelet aggregation. At a time when maximal amounts of calcium and nucleotides are discharged from the cell, there also occurs an almost complete loss of alpha granules from the cytoplasm. Partial inhibition of the thrombin‐induced release reaction by incubation of the platelet suspensions at different temperatures is correlated with the discharge of fewer alpha granules from the cells.A complex lamellar‐vacuolar network gradually develops in the cells as release becomes maximal. Portions of this system may be derived from the limiting membranes of alpha granules that have fused with the lamellae and deposited their contents. Because this membrane system is continuous with the surface of the cell during release, it may provide a conduit whereby the alpha granule contents are transported to the surrounding medium.At 37°, when maximal thrombin‐induced release occurs, a heretofore undescribed electron‐dense fibrous material appears within the lamellar spaces. This material is morphologically similar to the fibrin seen in blood clots and may well be derived from the previously described alpha granule fibrinogen that is secreted during thrombin‐induced nucleotide and calcium release.
Demonstration of Spleen Colonies on Grafted Spleens in the Radiation Chimera
Authors: Boynton Alton N. , Crouse D. A. , Sharp J. G. 
Published: August 2010

We have demonstrated the post‐irradiation development of countable endogenous spleen colonies in spleens transplanted intraperitoneally 6 weeks prior to X‐irradiation of the host. We have further demonstrated countable exogenous spleen colonies on spleen grafts transplanted prior to the irradiation of the host and the injection of bone‐marrow cells.Although autografted spleens in irradiated recipients did not attain their presplenectomy mass, the number of colony forming units (CFU)/105 injected cells assayed after irradiation and bone‐marrow cell injection was about the same as in sham‐splenectomized mice. Isografted spleens in sham‐splenectomized mice were much smaller than the host or autografted spleens and the number of CFU/105 injected cells assayed per isograft was only 25–33 % of that observed in host mice.
Blood Lymphocytes in Hodgkin's Disease Increase of B‐Lymphocytes Following Extended Field Irradiation
Authors: Engeset Arnfinn , Fröland Stig S. , Bremer Karl , Høst Herman 
Published: August 2010

The percentage of B‐lymphocytes in peripheral blood has been investigated in 23 patients with Hodgkin's disease. About 2/3 of the patients were untreated. The others had been given extended field irradiation 5–36 months previously. Membrane‐bound immunoglobulin was utilized as a marker of B‐lymphocytes.In the untreated group about 1/2 of the patients were lymphocytopenic. The fraction of B‐lymphocytes was the same as has been found in healthy controls, which was on the average about 10 % of the blood lymphocytes. In the irradiated group the peripheral lymphocyte counts were normal. The fraction of B‐lymphocytes was considerably increased and comprised on the average about 34%.
The Effect of Iron and Folic Acid Therapy on Combined Iron and Folate Deficiency Anaemia: The Results of a Clinical Trial
Authors: Izak G. , Levy Sh. , Rachmilewitz M. , Grossowicz N. 
Published: August 2010

Pregnant women with anaemia due to combined iron and folate deficiencies were randomly divided into 3 groups receiving either combination therapy with iron and pteroylglutamic acid, or treatment with iron or pteroylglutamic acid olone. A fourth group of pregnant women with levels of Hb above 10 g/100 ml received placebo. Combined iron and folate administration resulted in a marked therapeutic response, while mild or insignificant improvement was associated with either iron or folic acid teratment alone. The Hb concentration of the women receiving placebo dropped gradually in most instances.The results reported here suggest that in populations with a high prevalence of iron and folate deficiencies both these compounds should be supplied in order to prevent anaemia.The possible causal relationship between iron and folate deficiencies are discussed in the light of the present results and relevant literature.
Hypergranular Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia with Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Stavem Per 
Published: August 2010

The variant of acute myeloid leukaemia with heavy granulation and often Auer rods in faggots has been shown by previous workers to be regularly accompanied by intravascular coagulation, with a severe haemorrhagic tendency. Only one such case was found among our 45 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia observed during the last two years.On the other hand, an additional 7 of our 45 patients had an equally high number of granulated primitive cells in the bone marrow, but the granules were fairly light, and there were not Auer rods in faggots. These patients with the light granulations, did not show the severe haemorrhagic tendency.It is suggested that the variant with heavy granules and Auer rods in faggots should be termed hypergranular acute promyelocytic leukaemia. The cases having a large number of promyelocytes with light granulation, probably do not warrant any special classification and should remain with the ‘classical’ type or myelomonocytic type, respectively.
Food Iron Absorption in Man — III: Effect of Iron Salt, Ascorbic Acid and Desferrioxamine on the Isotopic Exchange between Native Food Iron and an Extrinsic Inorganic Iron Tracer
Authors: Björn‐Rasmussen Erik 
Published: August 2010

A new two pool extrinsic tag method to measure the dietary iron absorption has recently been proposed. One of the main prerequisites for this method is that a complete isotopic exchange takes place in the soluble ionized part of the common non‐haeme iron pool.The present investigation was carried out to test the validity of using this method to measure the effect of substances promoting or inhibiting dietary non‐haeme iron absorption.Normal subjects were served a meal prepared from biologically 55Fe labelled wheat or maize with added inorganic iron labelled with 59Fe. When served with added ferrous sulphate or ascorbic acid equal absorptions from the two tracers were found. When served with desferrioxamine there was a marked and almost equal reduction of the absorption from the two radioiron tracers. It is concluded that the rate or extent of isotopic exchange is not affected by compounds increasing (ferrous sulphate or ascorbic acid) or decreasing (desferrioxamine) the size of the ionized and/or soluble part of the common non‐heame iron pool.The extrinsic tag method can thus be used to study the effect of iron fortification or of substances promoting or inhibiting the absorption of dietary non‐haeme iron.
Myelomatosis and Acute Monocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Marcović Nenad , Hansson Bengt‐Göran , Hällén Jan 
Published: August 2010

A case of myelomatosis (IgGK) is reported, in which acute monocytic leukaemia of ‘Naegeli type’ developed after six years' treatment with melphalan. No such case could be traced retrospectively in the Malmo series of 123 cases of acute leukaemia in subjects above 15 or in 177 cases of myelomatosis diagnosed within the last 20 years.This work was supported by a fellowship from the Swedish Institute (No: 4665/sti) to one of the authors (N.M.).