bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial‐ and full‐mouth scaling and root planing in type 2 diabetic subjects: a 12‐mo follow‐up of clinical parameters and levels of cytokines and osteoclastogenesis‐related factors
Authors: Santos V. R. , Ribeiro F. V. , Lima J. A. , Miranda T. S. , Feres M. , Bastos M. F. , Duarte P. M. 
Published: August 2011

Santos VR, Ribeiro FV, Lima JA, Miranda TS, Feres M, Bastos MF, Duarte PM. Partial‐ and full‐mouth scaling and root planing in type 2 diabetic subjects: a 12‐mo follow‐up of clinical parameters and levels of cytokines and osteoclastogenesis‐related factors. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 45–54. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of full‐mouth scaling and root planing (FMSRP) and partial‐mouth scaling and root planing (PMSRP), up to 12 mo after treatment, on clinical parameters, and levels of cytokines and osteoclastogenesis‐related factors in type 2 diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis.Material and Methods:  Thirty‐four subjects received FMSRP (n = 17) or PMSRP (n = 17) within 24 h or in multiple sessions, respectively. Clinical parameters and local levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), interleukin (IL)‐17, IL‐23, IL‐4, receptor activator of NF‐β ligand and osteoprotegerin were assessed at baseline, and 3, 6 and 12 mo after therapies.Results:  Clinical parameters improved after both therapies (p < 0.05), and no between‐group differences were observed at any time‐point (p > 0.05). Overall, there were no considerable differences in the local levels of the biomarkers studied between groups (p > 0.05). The IL‐23 concentration and total amount of IFN‐γ increased in the FMSRP group and decreased in the PMSRP group from baseline to 3 mo and from baseline to 6 mo, respectively (p < 0.05).Conclusion:  Both PMSRP and FMSRP promoted benefits in clinical parameters and showed a similar modulation of cytokines and osteoclastogenesis‐related factors at 12 mo in type 2 diabetic subjects.
New Zealand's forest and shrubland communities: a quantitative classification based on a nationally representative plot network
Authors: Wiser Susan K. , Hurst Jennifer M. , Wright Elaine F. , Allen Robert B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractQuestion: What are the composition, structure and extent of contemporary, common woody vegetation communities in New Zealand? How do the woody plant communities we describe, based on representative sampling, compare to those of previous New Zealand classifications?Methods: We used cluster analysis to classify data from 1177 systematically located vegetation plots, calculated spatial extent and ecological statistics for each alliance defined, and combined forest alliances into groups to assess correspondence with earlier mapped classifications. We used plot‐based data on vegetation structure to infer potential community changes.Results: Twenty‐four alliances were recognized, each of 19 to 105 plots, with estimated extents of 144 000–794 000 ha. Stand structure data suggest that 15 alliances are largely stable whereas nine may undergo compositional change. Among alliances, the proportion of exotic species ranged from 0 to 50%. Our forest and shrubland classification is another stage in progressively revising such classifications (i.e. forest class maps, vegetative cover map, ECOSAT woody classification and land cover database) produced over the last five decades.Conclusions: Compared to the previous classifications, our new classification incorporates alliances in disturbed landscapes, as well as those that are compositionally dynamic and which are also invaded by exotic species. It also provides greater partitioning within Nothofagus forests, but fails to distinguish some rare forest types, such as those dominated by Agathis australis. Our classification can contribute to a framework for national reporting of ecological indicators and management of woody vegetation.
Vegetation of zonal patterned‐ground ecosystems along the North America Arctic bioclimate gradient
Authors: Walker Donald A. , Kuss Patrick , Epstein Howard E. , Kade Anja N. , Vonlanthen Corinne M. , Raynolds Martha K. , Daniëls Fred J.A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractQuestion: How do interactions between the physical environment and biotic properties of vegetation influence the formation of small patterned‐ground features along the Arctic bioclimate gradient?Location: At 68° to 78°N: six locations along the Dalton Highway in arctic Alaska and three in Canada (Banks Island, Prince Patrick Island and Ellef Ringnes Island).Methods: We analysed floristic and structural vegetation, biomass and abiotic data (soil chemical and physical parameters, the n‐factor [a soil thermal index] and spectral information [NDVI, LAI]) on 147 microhabitat relevés of zonal‐patterned‐ground features. Using mapping, table analysis (JUICE) and ordination techniques (NMDS).Results: Table analysis using JUICE and the phi‐coefficient to identify diagnostic species revealed clear groups of diagnostic plant taxa in four of the five zonal vegetation complexes. Plant communities and zonal complexes were generally well separated in the NMDS ordination. The Alaska and Canada communities were spatially separated in the ordination because of different glacial histories and location in separate floristic provinces, but there was no single controlling environmental gradient. Vegetation structure, particularly that of bryophytes and total biomass, strongly affected thermal properties of the soils. Patterned‐ground complexes with the largest thermal differential between the patterned‐ground features and the surrounding vegetation exhibited the clearest patterned‐ground morphologies.Conclusions: Characterizing the composition and structure of small‐scale plant communities growing on distinctive microhabitats within patterned‐ground complexes was necessary to understand the biological and physical controls of vegetation on patterned‐ground morphology. Coarser‐scale vegetation units, referred to here as ‘zonal patterned‐ground vegetation complexes’ (groups of patterned‐ground plant communities within zonal landscapes), were useful for landscape and regional‐level comparisons and for extrapolation of information collected at plot scales to larger regions. Vegetation maps of the representative landscapes in each subzone were needed for extrapolation. Different growth characteristics of plants growing in northern and southern parts of the gradient have an important effect in stabilizing highly frost‐active soils. A conceptual diagram summarizes the interactions between vegetation and patterned‐ground morphology along the Arctic climate gradient.
Prevalence of Sexual Abuse among Patients Seeking General Urological Care
Authors: Beck J. J.H. , Bekker M. D. , van Driel M. F. , Roshani H. , Putter H. , Pelger R. C.M. , Elzevier H. W. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual abuse (SA) history can be found in the backgrounds of an important fraction of men (8–10%) and women (12–25%). Until now there are no data about this prevalence within a urological patient population.

Aim
To establish the prevalence of SA among men and women visiting a urological outpatient clinic and to assess their opinion on screening for SA by urologists.

Methods
A questionnaire to identify SA was translated into Dutch, English, and Turkish, and was adjusted for use in men. These questionnaires were anonymously distributed among 1,016 adult patients attending the urological outpatient clinic.

Main Outcome Measure
The self-reported prevalence of SA. Secondary outcome measures were data about the assailant, victim's age at the time of the abuse, if the abuse was disclosed to the urologist, if the urologist had asked for SA, and patient opinions on standard screening for SA in urological care.

Results
A total of 878 questionnaires were returned, giving a total response rate of 86.4% (878/1,016). Thirty-three patients refused to participate. This resulted in 845 filled-out questionnaires suited for analysis (845/1,016 = 83.2%). There were more male (75.7%) than female respondents (21.8%); 2.1% (13/624) and 13.0% (21/161) of the male and female respondents reported a history of SA, respectively. Almost 42% reported a stranger as assailant. In nearly 90%, the SA took place before adulthood: 56.2% in childhood and 31.2% in adolescence. Fifteen percent of the respondents with SA had it disclosed to their urologist. More than 70% of the abused respondents considered the idea to screen for SA in urological practice to be a good one.

Conclusions
The prevalence of SA in patients seeking urological care in the Netherlands is 2.1% for men and 13.0% for women.
Investigation of the Effects of α1-Adrenoceptor Antagonism and L-Type Calcium Channel Blockade on Ejaculation and Vas Deferens and Seminal Vesicle Contractility in Vitro
Authors: de Almeida Kiguti Luiz Ricardo , Pupo André Sampaio 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Premature ejaculation is one of the most common male sexual dysfunctions. Current pharmacological treatments involve reduction in penile sensitivity by local anesthetics or increase of ejaculatory threshold by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. α1-Adrenoceptors (α1-ARs) and L-type calcium channels are expressed in the smooth muscles of the male reproductive tract, and their activations play an important role in the physiological events involved in the seminal emission phase of ejaculation.

Aim
To evaluate if the inhibition of the contractility of the vas deferens and seminal vesicle by α1-AR antagonism or the L-type calcium channel blockade can delay ejaculation.

Methods
The effects of the α1-AR antagonist tamsulosin and of the L-type calcium channel blockers, nifedipine and (S)-(+)-niguldipine, on contractions induced by norepinephrine in the rat vas deferens and seminal vesicles in vitro and on the ejaculation latency of male rats in behavioral mating tests were evaluated.

Main Outcome Measure
Tension development of vas deferens and seminal vesicles in response to norepinephrine in vitro and behavioral mating parameters were quantified.

Results
Tension development of vas deferens and seminal vesicle to α1-AR activation was significantly inhibited by tamsulosin, nifedipine, and (S)-(+)-niguldipine. Tamsulosin displayed insurmountable antagonism of contractions induced by norepinephrine in the rat vas deferens and seminal vesicle. Ejaculation latency of male rats was not modified by tamsulosin, nifedipine, or (S)-(+)-niguldipine; however, both the number and weight of the seminal plugs recovered from female rats mated with male rats treated with tamsulosin were significantly reduced.

Conclusion
Seminal emission impairment by inhibition of vas deferens or seminal vesicle contractility by L-type calcium channel blockade or α1-AR antagonism is not able to delay the ejaculation.
Sexual Health Outcomes Improvement in Sickle Cell Disease: A Matter of Health Policy?
Authors: Burnett Arthur L. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Ischemic priapism is a true male sexual dysfunction, consisting of uncontrollable, prolonged, and often painful erections of the penis. A commonly observed outcome, as a result of erectile tissue damage and fibrosis in this setting, is the complete loss of natural erectile ability. Males with sickle cell disease (SCD) are commonly affected. Given the adverse health consequences of this condition coupled with its specific population extent, health policy considerations are warranted.

Aim
This article aimed to study circumstances surrounding priapism associated with SCD for the purpose of pushing forward health policy objectives that improve sexual health-related outcomes.

Methods
Medline searches through July 2010 were conducted using the following terms: priapism, sickle cell disease, epidemiology, public health, health economics, and health policy.

Main Outcome Measure
Expert opinion was based on review of the medical literature related to this subject matter.

Results
The literature search affirmed that SCD-associated priapism threatens sexual health and also exerts a greatly negative impact on the physical and mental health of affected individuals. Various socioeconomic, behavioral, and cultural factors in the SCD population bearing negatively on sexual health outcomes were delineated. Deficiencies in several aspects of medical services for patients with SCD including scientific research funding support, which evoke an element of ethnic healthcare disparities, were further delineated.

Conclusions
SCD-associated priapism is a medical condition of societal health significance, which can and should be addressed through comprehensive healthcare programmatic efforts. These efforts comprise advancement of educational and clinical training programs, support of interdisciplinary healthcare delivery services, diffusion of clinical advances, enactment of guidelines for effective clinical management, and resource allocation for enabling scientific advancements.
Oriental HLA‐A*11:90 detected in a Taiwanese cord blood sample and the haplotype in association with A*11:90 allele
Authors: Yang K. L. , Lee S. K. , Lin C. C. , Jiang S. , Chiu H. M. , Lin S. , Chen Y. C. , Jian Y. F. , Yang S. Y. , Yang Y. B. , Chen S. B. , Shyr M. H. , Lin C. L. , Lin P. Y. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryWe report here an HLA‐A allele, A*11:90, found in a Taiwanese cord blood sample using DNA sequence‐based typing (SBT) protocol after observing an anomalous reaction pattern in a sequence‐specific oligonucleotide (SSO) typing exercise. The sequence of A*11:90 is identical to A*11:01:01, the most predominant A*11 variant in Taiwanese, in exon 2 but differs from A*11:01:01 in exon 3 by two nucleotide substitutions at codon 163 (c.487C>G and c.488G>A), resulting R163E. In comparison with the sequence of A*11:02:01, the second most predominant subtype of A*11 in Taiwanese A*11:90 has one nucleotide difference at codon 19 (c.55A>G) in exon 2 resulting K19E and two nucleotides variations at codon 163 (c.487C>G and c.488G>A) in exon 3 resulting R163E. HLA‐A*11:90‐B*40:02‐DRB1*11:01 is the deduced probable HLA haplotype in association with A*11:90. The generation of A*11:90 is thought to involve a DNA recombination event between alleles A*11:01:01 and A*80:01 where A*80:01 donated a fragment of the DNA sequence (from n.t. 487 to n.t. 497) to the recipient sequence of A*11:01:01.
Assessing the Scale and Potential of Chinese Investment Overseas: An Econometric Approach
Authors: Armstrong Shiro 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe recent rise in Chinese outward direct investment (ODI) has significant global implications and impacts on host country policy. The present paper attempts to provide a theoretical basis and to define a robust econometric approach to assess the performance and potential of Chinese ODI. In this paper, foreign direct investment (FDI) performance is estimated using a frontier FDI model to measure how foreign investors, especially China, and the recipients of this direct investment perform relative to a benchmark of potential FDI. The results show that Chinese ODI achieves less of its potential compared with other investors. However, its ODI to Australia has performed much better than investment to other destinations. The results suggest that Chinese policy‐makers should look at the pattern of China's ODI and, in light of superior performance in destinations like Australia, adjust policy strategies and institutional arrangements to enhance performance and reduce barriers to Chinese ODI.
Comparative Analysis of the Determinants of China's State‐owned Outward Direct Investment in OECD and Non‐OECD Countries
Authors: Hurst Luke 
Published: August 2011

AbstractChinese outward direct investment (ODI) is expanding at an unprecedented rate. The present study augments the understanding of the determinants and drivers of Chinese ODI. It reviews the literature on Chinese ODI and analyzes investment by state‐owned enterprises (SOE) for the period 2003–2008, focusing specifically on the differences between the determinants of Chinese investment in developed (OECD) and developing (non‐OECD) economies. In addition, the study assesses the appropriateness of the general framework used for investigating ODI determinants (Dunning's eclectic paradigm) to analyze the experience of Chinese SOE. The findings indicate that Dunning's eclectic paradigm provides an excellent theoretical framework for analyzing the determinants of Chinese SOE investment in developed countries, and provides a good starting point for analysis of Chinese investment in developing countries. However, Dunning's specification requires refinement for developing countries. This paper finds a distinct difference between the motivations for Chinese SOE investment in developed and developing countries.
Inside the China–EU FDI Bond
Authors: Clegg Jeremy , Voss Hinrich 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFor some 20 years, the rate of investment by EU enterprises into China has been rising, reaching an annual average of some US$5bn over the 10 years to 2009. Conversely, the EU has not been a focus for Chinese investments, nor has Chinese investment been important to the EU despite the wide attention given to recent landmark cross‐border acquisitions. Therefore, the overall impact of Chinese investment on the European economy is small. However, this situation might now be changing following institutional changes in the EU. In light of the potential for Chinese foreign direct investment to the EU, in this paper we outline the motives for, and patterns of, Chinese outward investments to the EU, and the impacts that these investments might exert on the recipient.
Chinese Private Direct Investment and Overseas Chinese Network in Africa
Authors: Song Hong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBased on extensive interviews in China and in Africa over 2 years, the present paper investigates Chinese private direct investment in Africa. Drawing on the Swedish Uppsala model, we explore two mian issues. First, do Chinese private enterprises follow the linear mode to invest in Africa? Second, if not, how do they go out and develop their investments, and who helps them overcome the obstacles to investing in Africa? We find that very few Chinese private enterprises follow a linear internationalization process, and most depend on the local overseas Chinese network and other networks to facilitate their entry into the host market. The reason lies in that Chinese private enterprises are still at the early stage of internationalization. Entrepreneurship is one of the most important ownership advantages of Chinese private enterprises investing in Africa.
Converging and Diverting at the Time of Death Exploratory Routes for the Study of Death Among Muslims and Jews in Britain
Authors: Dominguez Diaz Marta 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDespite the existing wealth of literature on death studies, research on death rites among Muslim and Jews is still scarce. The present article is an exploration of literature on death studies that will help us to elaborate a conceptual frame which may allow the study of death in Jewish and Muslim communities to be better understood. It examines the uneasy relationship between religion and death studies by looking in particular at Islam and Judaism and it explores potential lines of research for further developing the academic field of Jewish and Muslim mortuary practices. It argues that central to our understanding of religious death cultures is an appreciation of the nuanced ways in which the universal and local dimensions of world religions like Judaism and Islam emerge. It presents some examples to illustrate how written and fieldwork sources can be used in the study of death in Judaism and Islam with the aim of considering the general as it is illuminated by the particularities of specific case‐studies.
The Visual Culture of Japanese Buddhism from the Early Modern Period to the Present
Authors: Graham Patricia 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFollowing the introduction of Buddhism to Japan in the sixth century, the faith quickly became a defining feature of Japanese civilization, in large part because of the diverse and abundant visual culture it engendered that both reflected and shaped its religious practice. Although Japanese Buddhism remains a vital living tradition, until the last twenty years, its visual culture created after the 16th century has received little attention by scholars. Since then, Japanese and Western language studies on focused aspects of Buddhist paintings, sculpture, and architecture, with most addressing the early modern period (ca. 1600–1868), have proliferated but until the publication of Patricia Graham’s Faith and Power in Japanese Buddhist Art, 1600–2005 (2007), no survey of materials spanning this long time period had been attempted. This brief essay does not summarize Graham’s broad analysis of the thread of change over time and the plurality of later Buddhist practice in Japan manifest in its abundant visual culture. Instead, drawing on the examples presented in Graham’s study, it introduces significant and representative sites of worship from the 17th century to the present to highlight the ways the faith became transformed in tandem with changes in Japanese society, manifested in the convergence of patronage, image production, and religious devotion at these sites. Discussion is presented chronologically in four parts beginning with an overview of studies on Japanese Buddhism’s recent visual culture. This is followed by three sections on the sites and related imagery: Buddhist sites of worship in the early modern period, Buddhist sites of worship in the modern period before World War II, and Buddhist sites of worship in the modern period after World War II.
Recent Work on Reinhold Niebuhr
Authors: Carnahan Kevin M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSince September 11th, there has been a renaissance of interest in Reinhold Niebuhr and Christian Realism. Niebuhr’s name has been invoked to support several, often conflicting projects in theology and politics. He has been called ‘Obama’s Theologian’ and has been invoked to support Bush administration interventions around the world. This article surveys recent treatments of Niebuhr in order to provide a context in which one can locate and begin to assess the various readings of Niebuhr available today. The article explores Niebuhr’s place in contemporary theology, debates about Niebuhr, American empire, and American foreign policy, the use of Niebuhr’s work in thinking about globalization and global society, and the development of ‘hopeful realism’ in Niebuhr studies.
On the Typology of Palatalization
Authors: Bateman Nicoleta 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article presents a typological overview of palatalization, addressing issues such as the definition of palatalization, palatalization types, the sounds that undergo palatalization (targets), and the sounds that trigger palatalization (triggers). In exploring these issues we review five typological studies of palatalization that present a series of implicational relationships among palatalization targets and triggers. For example, if labials palatalize, so do coronals and dorsals, and if low front vowels trigger palatalization, so do high front vowels. The generalizations in these studies further make predictions about possible palatalization grammars we should expect to find, or to not find, in the world’s languages.