bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tree growth potential and its relationship with soil moisture conditions across a heterogeneous boreal forest landscape
Authors: Larson Johannes , Vigren Carl , Wallerman Jörgen , Ågren Anneli M. , Appiah Mensah Alex , Laudon Hjalmar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractForest growth varies across landscapes due to the intricate relationships between various environmental drivers and forest management. In this study, we analysed the variation of tree growth potential across a landscape scale and its relation to soil moisture. We hypothesised that soil moisture conditions drive landscape-level variation in site quality and that intermediate soil moisture conditions demonstrate the highest potential forest production. We used an age-independent difference model to estimate site quality in terms of maximum achievable tree height by measuring the relative change in Lorey’s mean height for a five year period across 337 plots within a 68 km2 boreal landscape. We achieved wall-to-wall estimates of site quality by extrapolating the modelled relationship using repeated airborne laser scanning data collected in connection to the field surveys. We found a clear decrease in site quality under the highest soil moisture conditions. However, intermediate soil moisture conditions did not demonstrate clear site quality differences; this is most likely a result of the nature of the modelled soil moisture conditions and limitations connected to the site quality estimation. There was considerable unexplained variation in the modelled site quality both on the plot and landscape levels. We successfully demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between soil moisture conditions and site quality despite limitations associated with a short study period in a low productive region and the precision of airborne laser scanning measurements of mean height.
Immigration documentation statuses evoke racialized faceism in mental representations
Authors: Martinez Joel E. , Oh DongWon , Todorov Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractU.S. immigration discourse has spurred interest in characterizing who illegalized immigrants are or perceived to be. What are the associated visual representations of migrant illegality? Across two studies with undergraduate and online samples (N = 686), we used face-based reverse correlation and similarity sorting to capture and compare mental representations of illegalized immigrants, native-born U.S. citizens, and documented immigrants. Documentation statuses evoked racialized imagery. Immigrant representations were dark-skinned and perceived as non-white, while citizen representations were light-skinned, evaluated positively, and perceived as white. Legality further differentiated immigrant representations: documentation conjured trustworthy representations, illegality conjured threatening representations. Participants spontaneously sorted unlabeled faces by documentation status in a spatial arrangement task. Faces’ spatial similarity correlated with their similarity in pixel luminance and “American” ratings, confirming racialized distinctions. Representations of illegalized immigrants were uniquely racialized as dark-skinned un-American threats, reflecting how U.S. imperialism and colorism set conditions of possibility for existing representations of migrant illegalization.
Microscopic behavior of nano-water droplets on a silica glass surface
Authors: Araki Yuki , Minato Taketoshi , Arai Toyoko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in computational science and interfacial measurements have sparked interest in microscopic water droplets and their diverse behaviors. A previous study using nonlinear spectroscopy revealed the heterogeneous wetting phenomenon of silica glass in response to humidity. Building on this premise, we employed high-resolution atomic force microscopy to investigate the wetting dynamics of silica glass surfaces at various humidity levels. Our observations revealed the spontaneous formation of nano-water droplets at a relative humidity of 50%. In contrast to the conventional model, which predicts the spreading of nanodroplets to form a uniform water film, our findings demonstrate the coexistence of nano-water droplets and the liquid film. Moreover, the mobility of the nano-water droplets suggests their potential in inducing the transport of adsorbates on solid surfaces. These results may contribute to the catalytic function of solid materials.
The relationship between oxidative balance score and erectile dysfunction in the U.S. male adult population
Authors: Chen Mutong , Zhang Zhongfu , Zhou Rui , Li Baizhi , Jiang Jiahao , Shi Bentao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOxidative stress strongly influences the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction (ED). In this study, we used the oxidative balance score (OBS), a composite index, to measure the effects of oxidative stress triggered by diet and lifestyle factors. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the statistical relationship between OBS and ED among adult males in the U.S. The data from 3318 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2004 were analyzed. Weighted logistic regression was used to correct for confounding factors and acquire nationwide representative estimates. Generalized additive modeling was used to explore the nonlinear relationship. We also supplemented subgroup and sensitivity analysis to examine the robustness of the main results. Multivariate logistic regression indicated a consistent negative linear association between OBS and ED across all participants [OR (95% CI) = 0.96 (0.94, 0.98)]. After categorizing OBS into tertiles, participants in the highest tertile had 43% lower odds of having ED than those in the lowest tertile [OR (95% CI) = 0.57 (0.37, 0.87)]. The generalized additive model also visualized the linear trend of this association. Furthermore, this linear relationship remained relatively consistent, regardless of whether subgroup or sensitivity analyses were performed. Our findings suggest that adopting a lifestyle and diet pattern that promotes favorable OBS may effectively protect against the development of ED, regardless of the underlying causes.
Establishment and validation of an artificial intelligence-based model for real-time detection and classification of colorectal adenoma
Authors: Zhao Luqing , Wang Nan , Zhu Xihan , Wu Zhenyu , Shen Aihua , Zhang Lihong , Wang Ruixin , Wang Dianpeng , Zhang Shengsheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) prevention requires early detection and removal of adenomas. We aimed to develop a computational model for real-time detection and classification of colorectal adenoma. Computationally constrained background based on real-time detection, we propose an improved adaptive lightweight ensemble model for real-time detection and classification of adenomas and other polyps. Firstly, we devised an adaptive lightweight network modification and effective training strategy to diminish the computational requirements for real-time detection. Secondly, by integrating the adaptive lightweight YOLOv4 with the single shot multibox detector network, we established the adaptive small object detection ensemble (ASODE) model, which enhances the precision of detecting target polyps without significantly increasing the model's memory footprint. We conducted simulated training using clinical colonoscopy images and videos to validate the method's performance, extracting features from 1148 polyps and employing a confidence threshold of 0.5 to filter out low-confidence sample predictions. Finally, compared to state-of-the-art models, our ASODE model demonstrated superior performance. In the test set, the sensitivity of images and videos reached 87.96% and 92.31%, respectively. Additionally, the ASODE model achieved an accuracy of 92.70% for adenoma detection with a false positive rate of 8.18%. Training results indicate the effectiveness of our method in classifying small polyps. Our model exhibits remarkable performance in real-time detection of colorectal adenomas, serving as a reliable tool for assisting endoscopists.
Exploring the virulence potential of Staphylococcus aureus CC121 and CC152 lineages related to paediatric community-acquired bacteraemia in Manhiça, Mozambique
Authors: Garrine Marcelino , Andrade Mariana , Neves Joana , Mandomando Inácio , Couto Isabel , Costa Sofia Santos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a frequent agent of bacteraemia. This bacterium has a variety of virulence traits that allow the establishment and maintenance of infection. This study explored the virulence profile of S. aureus strains causing paediatric bacteraemia (SAB) in Manhiça district, Mozambique. We analysed 336 S. aureus strains isolated from blood cultures of children younger than 5 years admitted to the Manhiça District Hospital between 2001 and 2019, previously characterized for antibiotic susceptibility and clonality. The strains virulence potential was evaluated by PCR detection of the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) encoding genes, lukS-PV/lukF-PV, assessment of the capacity for biofilm formation and pathogenicity assays in Galleria mellonella. The overall carriage of PVL-encoding genes was over 40%, although reaching ~ 70 to 100% in the last years (2014 to 2019), potentially linked to the emergence of CC152 lineage. Strong biofilm production was a frequent trait of CC152 strains. Representative CC152 and CC121 strains showed higher virulence potential in the G. mellonella model when compared to reference strains, with variations within and between CCs. Our results highlight the importance of monitoring the emergent CC152-MSSA-PVL+ and other lineages, as they display important virulence traits that may negatively impact the management of SAB paediatric patients in Manhiça district, Mozambique.
Diagnostic implications of ubiquitination-related gene signatures in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xu Fei , Gao Wei , Zhang Miao , Zhang Fuyue , Sun XiaoFei , Wu Bao , Liu Yali , Li Xue , Li Honglin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the diagnostic implications of ubiquitination-related gene signatures in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we first collected 161 samples from the GEO database (including 87 in the AD group and 74 in the normal group). Subsequently, through differential expression analysis and the iUUCD 2.0 database, we obtained 3450 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and 806 Ubiquitin-related genes (UbRGs). After taking the intersection, we obtained 128 UbR-DEGs. Secondly, by conducting GO and KEGG enrichment analysis on these 128 UbR-DEGs, we identified the main molecular functions and biological pathways related to AD. Furthermore, through the utilization of GSEA analysis, we have gained insight into the enrichment of functions and pathways within both the AD and normal groups. Further, using lasso regression analysis and cross-validation techniques, we identified 22 characteristic genes associated with AD. Subsequently, we constructed a logistic regression model and optimized it, resulting in the identification of 6 RUbR-DEGs: KLHL21, WDR82, DTX3L, UBTD2, CISH, and ATXN3L. In addition, the ROC result showed that the diagnostic model we built has excellent accuracy and reliability in identifying AD patients. Finally, we constructed a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA (competing endogenous RNA, ceRNA) regulatory network for AD based on six RUbR-DEGs, further elucidating the interaction between UbRGs and lncRNA, miRNA. In conclusion, our findings will contribute to further understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of AD and provide a new perspective for AD risk prediction, early diagnosis and targeted therapy in the population.
Tunable electronic and photoelectric properties of Janus group-III chalcogenide monolayers and based heterostructures
Authors: Zhao Yipeng , Tan Qiaolai , Li Honglai , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Yicheng , Ma Liang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractJanus group-III chalcogenide monolayers and based heterostructures with breaking vertical structural symmetry offer additional prospects in the upcoming high-performance photoelectric devices. We studied the geometrical, electronic, and photoelectric properties of Janus group-III chalcogenide monolayers and heterostructures. The most energy favorable stacking design of ten vertical heterostructures are considered. The results showed that the Janus Se-In-Ga-S and S-In-Ga-Se monolayers exhibit semiconducting characteristics with the band gaps of 1.295 eV and 1.752 eV, respectively. Furthermore, the different stacking configurations and surface termination at interface can realize the transition of band alignment between type I and type II due to the interlayer coupling. Moreover, we systematically investigated the photoelectric properties of Janus group-III chalcogenide heterostructures and predicated an optimized power conversion efficiency of 16.2%. These findings can aid in comprehending the customized characteristics of Janus group-III chalcogenide heterostructures, offering theoretical guidance for creating innovative photoelectric devices.
Klotho is highly expressed in the chief sites of regulated potassium secretion, and it is stimulated by potassium intake
Authors: Jung Hyun Jun , Pham Truyen D. , Su Xiao-Tong , Grigore Teodora Veronica , Hoenderop Joost G. , Olauson Hannes , Wall Susan M. , Ellison David H. , Welling Paul A. , Al-Qusairi Lama 
Published: May 2024

AbstractKlotho regulates many pathways in the aging process, but it remains unclear how it is physiologically regulated. Because Klotho is synthesized, cleaved, and released from the kidney; activates the chief urinary K+ secretion channel (ROMK) and stimulates urinary K+ secretion, we explored if Klotho protein is regulated by dietary K+ and the potassium-regulatory hormone, Aldosterone. Klotho protein along the nephron was evaluated in humans and in wild-type (WT) mice; and in mice lacking components of Aldosterone signaling, including the Aldosterone-Synthase KO (AS-KO) and the Mineralocorticoid-Receptor KO (MR-KO) mice. We found the specific cells of the distal nephron in humans and mice that are chief sites of regulated K+ secretion have the highest Klotho protein expression along the nephron. WT mice fed K+-rich diets increased Klotho expression in these cells. AS-KO mice exhibit normal Klotho under basal conditions but could not upregulate Klotho in response to high-K+ intake in the K+-secreting cells. Similarly, MR-KO mice exhibit decreased Klotho protein expression. Together, i) Klotho is highly expressed in the key sites of regulated K+ secretion in humans and mice, ii) In mice, K+-rich diets increase Klotho expression specifically in the potassium secretory cells of the distal nephron, iii) Aldosterone signaling is required for Klotho response to high K+ intake.
Early nutrition is safe and does not increase complications after upper gastrointestinal bleeding—a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Obeidat Mahmoud , Teutsch Brigitta , Floria Diana-Elena , Veres Dániel Sándor , Hegyi Péter , Erőss Bálint 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite a lack of evidence, patients are often not fed for 48–96 h after upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB); however, many trials have demonstrated the benefits of early nutrition (EN). We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RTCs) to evaluate the outcomes of EN compared to delayed nutrition (DN) after UGIB. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022372306). PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched on the 27th of April 2024 to identify eligible RCTs. The primary outcomes were early (within 7 days) and late (within 30–42 days) mortality and rebleeding. Pooled risk ratios (RR), mean differences (MD), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. A total of 10 trials with 1051 patients were included in the analysis. Early mortality was not significantly different between the two groups (RR 1.20, CI 0.85–1.71, I2 = 0%), whereas late mortality was reduced to a clinically relevant extent in the EN group (RR 0.61, CI 0.35–1.06, I2 = 0%). When comparing the two groups, we found no significant difference in terms of early and late rebleeding (RR 1.04, CI 0.66–1.63, I2 = 0% and RR 1.16, CI 0.63–2.13, I2 = 0%, respectively). Our analysis also showed that the length of hospital stay was reduced in the EN group compared to the DN group (MD −1.22 days, CI: −2.43 to −0.01, I2 = 94%). In conclusion, compared with DN, EN (within 24 h) appears to be a safe intervention and could reduce the length of hospital stay without increasing the risk of complications after UGIB.
DGPRI, a new liver fibrosis assessment index, predicts recurrence of AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Bolun , Xue Junshuai , Xu Bowen , Chang Jianping , Li Xin , Huang Zhen , Zhao Hong , Cai Jianqiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough patients with alpha-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (AFPNHCC) have a favorable prognosis, a high risk of postoperative recurrence remains. We developed and validated a novel liver fibrosis assessment index, the direct bilirubin-gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio (DGPRI). DGPRI was calculated for each of the 378 patients with AFPNHCC who underwent hepatic resection. The patients were divided into high- and low-score groups using the optimal cutoff value. The Lasso-Cox method was used to identify the characteristics of postoperative recurrence, followed by multivariate Cox regression analysis to determine the independent risk factors associated with recurrence. A nomogram model incorporating the DGPRI was developed and validated. High DGPRI was identified as an independent risk factor (hazard ratio = 2.086) for postoperative recurrence in patients with AFPNHCC. DGPRI exhibited better predictive ability for recurrence 1–5 years after surgery than direct bilirubin and the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio. The DGPRI-nomogram model demonstrated good predictive ability, with a C-index of 0.674 (95% CI 0.621–0.727). The calibration curves and clinical decision analysis demonstrated its clinical utility. The DGPRI nomogram model performed better than the TNM and BCLC staging systems for predicting recurrence-free survival. DGPRI is a novel and effective predictor of postoperative recurrence in patients with AFPNHCC and provides a superior assessment of preoperative liver fibrosis.
A novel score for early prediction of urinary tract infection risk in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a nomogram-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Qinqin , Feng Pinpin , Zhu Jun , Wang Yunling , Zhou Xiaojuan , Xia Zhongni , Wang Danqing , He Yueyue , Wang Pei , Li Xiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to construct and externally validate a user-friendly nomogram-based scoring model for predicting the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). A retrospective real-world cohort study was conducted on 1748 consecutive hospitalized patients with AIS. Out of these patients, a total of 1132 participants were ultimately included in the final analysis, with 817 used for model construction and 315 utilized for external validation. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to develop the model. The discriminative capacity, calibration ability, and clinical effectiveness of the model were evaluated. The overall incidence of UTIs was 8.13% (92/1132), with Escherichia coli being the most prevalent causative pathogen in patients with AIS. After multivariable analysis, advanced age, female gender, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥ 5, and use of urinary catheters were identified as independent risk factors for UTIs. A nomogram-based SUNA model was constructed using these four factors (Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.810), which showed good discrimination (AUC = 0.788), calibration, and clinical utility in the external validation cohort. Based on four simple and readily available factors, we derived and externally validated a novel and user-friendly nomogram-based scoring model (SUNA score) to predict the risk of UTIs in patients with AIS. The model has a good predictive value and provides valuable information for timely intervention in patients with AIS to reduce the occurrence of UTIs.
Control of large amplitude limit cycle of a multi-dimensional nonlinear dynamic system of a composite cantilever beam
Authors: Sun Lin , Li Xu Dong , Liu Xiaopei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor the first time, a control strategy based on Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control is implemented in the control of a large amplitude limit cycle of a composite cantilever beam in a multi-dimensional nonlinear form. In the dynamic model establishment of the investigated structure, the higher-order shearing effect is applied, as well as the second-order discretization. Numerical simulation demonstrates that a multi-dimensional nonlinear dynamic system of the investigated structure is demanded for accurate estimation of large amplitude limit cycle responses. Therefore, a control strategy is employed to effectively suppress such responses of the beam in multi-dimensional nonlinear form.
Antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of curcumin and curcuminoids in SH-SY5Y cells infected by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Nicoliche Tiago , Bartolomeo Cynthia Silva , Lemes Robertha Mariana Rodrigues , Pereira Gabriela Cruz , Nunes Tamires Alves , Oliveira Rafaela Brito , Nicastro Arthur Luiz Miranda , Soares Érica Novaes , da Cunha Lima Brenno Fernandes , Rodrigues Beatriz Moreira , Maricato Juliana Terzi , Okuda Liria Hiromi , de Sairre Mirela Inês , Prado Carla Máximo , Ureshino Rodrigo Portes , Stilhano Roberta Sessa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCOVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, affects neuronal cells, causing several symptoms such as memory loss, anosmia and brain inflammation. Curcuminoids (Me08 e Me23) and curcumin (CUR) are derived from Curcuma Longa extract (EXT). Many therapeutic actions have been linked to these compounds, including antiviral action. Given the severe implications of COVID-19, especially within the central nervous system, our study aims to shed light on the therapeutic potential of curcuminoids against SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in neuronal cells. Here, we investigated the effects of CUR, EXT, Me08 and Me23 in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y. We observed that Me23 significantly decreased the expression of plasma membrane-associated transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and TMPRSS11D, consequently mitigating the elevated ROS levels induced by SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, Me23 exhibited antioxidative properties by increasing NRF2 gene expression and restoring NQO1 activity following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both Me08 and Me23 effectively reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing ACE2 (SH-ACE2). Additionally, all of these compounds demonstrated the ability to decrease proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17, while Me08 specifically reduced INF-γ levels. Our findings suggest that curcuminoid Me23 could serve as a potential agent for mitigating the impact of COVID-19, particularly within the context of central nervous system involvement.