bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐invasive sampling technique for DNA extraction from captive Japanese Crested Ibis on Sado Island
Authors: URANO Kensuke , YAMADA Takahisa , TANIGUCHI Yukio , IWAISAKI Hiroaki , SUGIYAMA Toshie , HOMMA Kosuke , KANEKO Yoshinori , YAMAGISHI Satoshi 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe Japanese Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon is a critically threatened bird. The post‐hatch eggs of the current captive population of this species on Sado Island have been stored at room temperature for the long‐term. In this study, we investigated the suitability of the vascularized chorioallantois membrane from the eggs as a non‐invasive DNA source. Using microsatellite loci developed for the Japanese Crested Ibis, we performed three experiments for comparison of genotypes obtained among DNA. First, DNA from five different sites of the identical membrane showed the same genotypes at either of two loci examined. Second, DNA from the membrane of each full‐sibling birds and blood of their parents showed the genotypes that were consistent with Mendelian parent–offspring relationships at any of eight loci examined. Third, DNA from the membrane and blood of the same bird showed the matched genotypes at any of eight loci examined. These results indicate that the vascularized chorioallantois membrane from post‐hatch eggs stored at room temperature for the long‐ term can be used as a reliable DNA source of offspring that had hatched from the egg. This study will promote a molecular genetics study on genetic diversity of the current captive Japanese Crested Ibis population on Sado Island.
Expression and Cellular Distribution of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor‐C System in Cortical Tubers of the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Qing , Shu Hai‐Feng , Yin Qing , An Ning , Xu Sen‐Lin , Yin Jin‐Bo , Song Ye‐Chun , Liu Shi‐Yong , Yang Hui 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCortical tubers are malformations of cortical development in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and highly associated with pediatric intractable epilepsy. Recent evidence has shown that signaling mediated through vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) and its receptors, VEGFR‐2 and VEGFR‐3, has direct effects on both neurons and glial cells. To understand the potential role of VEGF‐C system in the pathogenesis of cortical tubers, we investigated the expression patterns of VEGF‐C signaling in cortical tubers compared with age‐matched normal control cortex (CTX). We found that VEGF‐C, VEGFR‐2 and VEGFR‐3 were clearly upregulated in tubers at both the mRNA and protein levels, compared with CTX. The in situ hybridization and immunostaining results demonstrated that VEGF‐C, VEGFR‐2 and VEGFR‐3 were highly expressed in dysplastic neurons (DNs), giant cells (GCs) and reactive astrocytes within tubers. Most DNs/GCs expressing VEGF‐C and its receptors co‐labeled with neuronal rather than astrocytic markers, suggesting a neuronal lineage. In addition, protein levels of Akt‐1, p‐Bad and ERK1/2, the important downstream factors of the VEGF‐C pathway, were significantly increased in cortical tubers, indicating involvement of VEGF‐C–dependent prosurvival signaling in cortical tubers. Taken together, our results suggest a putative role for the VEGF‐C signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of cortical tubers.
Assessment of quality of life in equine patients
Authors: PARKER R. A. , YEATES J. W. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study:Assessing patients' quality of life (QOL) is a core part of clinical decision making. Various methodologies for assessing patients' QOL have been developed in human medicine and small animal veterinary disciplines. In contrast, the lack of aids for QOL assessment in equine veterinary practice leaves practitioners reliant on subjective assessments of QOL, which may be prone to avoidable errors.Objectives:This paper suggests pragmatic ways in which QOL may be enhanced, while remaining appropriate for the time, financial and owner‐based constraints within equine practice.Methods:Through interdisciplinary research, this paper identifies, adapts and applies insights from several areas of research and practical experience in order to develop an overarching approach to making QOL‐based decisions in clinical cases.Results:The paper identifies 6 steps involved in QOL‐based decision making and provides examples of how these steps may be practically applied. These include deciding what each clinician feels is important; deciding how to evaluate it, including taking owners' views into consideration; making decisions about each case and achieving the desired clinical outcomes.Conclusions:Practitioners can draw their own conclusions on how they may improve QOL assessment in practice and may usefully share these with colleagues. Reporting cases and sharing practical examples of QOL tools used on the ground are vital to the development of this field and appropriate methodologies.Potential relevance:Improvements in QOL assessment are relevant to all areas of equine veterinary practice, and several areas of research. Further research may develop QOL assessment in practice, but more important are the personal improvements that each practitioner may achieve.See also correspondence by Grove
‘Useless but True’: Economic Crisis and the Peculiarities of Economic Science*
Authors: Fine Ben , Milonakis Dimitris 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe recent economic crisis has brought to the fore another crisis that has been going on for many years, that of (orthodox) economic theory. The latter failed to predict and, after the event, cannot offer an explanation of why it happened. This article sketches out why this is the case and what constitutes the crisis of economics. On this basis, the case is made for the revival of an interdisciplinary political economy as the only way for offering an explanation of the workings of the (capitalist) economy in general and of economic crises in particular.
Beyond Simple Fidelity to the Event: The Limits of Alain Badiou’s Ontology
Authors: Sotiris Panagiotis 
Published: July 2011

Abstract*This article attempts a Marxist critique of Alain Badiou’s positions. The importance of Badiou’s ontology as an affirmation of the possibility of radical-historical novelty is stressed, but also its limits. These limits have to do with Badiou’s abandonment of a dialectical-relational conception of social reality, his refusal of any causal connection between social reality, political decision and event, and the absence of a theory of ideology and hegemony in his work. Consequently, Badiou’s notion of a ‘subtractive’ politics cannot be considered an answer to the open questions of communist strategy, despite his endorsement of the ‘communist hypothesis’.
From Confinement to Creativity: Women’s Reconfiguration of the Prison and Mental Asylum in Salwa Bakr’s The Golden Chariot and Fadia Faqir’s Pillars of Salt
Authors: Sinno Nadine 
Published: July 2011

AbstractConfined in a women’s prison in modern Egypt for murdering her stepfather, Aziza, the central protagonist in Salwā Bakr’s al-Arabah al-dhahabiyyah lā tasad ilā al-samā [The Golden Chariot] spends her time fantasizing about a golden chariot and selecting qualified inmates to accompany her on her journey to the heavens. As part of her screening project, Aziza informally ‘interviews’ various women prisoners and solicits their stories. Because the prison inevitably forces these women to interact with one another, the exclusively women’s space becomes boundless as it creates a space for the women to compare stories—while simultaneously negotiating socio-economic differences and individual idiosyncrasies. Similar to Aziza and her fellow inmates, Maha and Umm Sad, the protagonists in Fadia Faqir’s Pillars of Salt share a room in a mental hospital in Jordan. And like Aziza and her fellow prisoners, Maha and Um Sad’s relationship is fraught with tension at the beginning. As the novel unfolds, they learn to co-exist and develop an intimate friendship that makes their existence more bearable. Maha and Umm Sad tell their stories to each other—and their private stories become windows into the outside world in which they used to live. In this study, I provide a textual analysis of the two novels, shedding light on how the prison and mental asylum in Bakr and Faqir’s works are transformed from sites of confinement into vehicles of social critique, refuges for female solidarity, and forums for creativity and self-expression.
European Legal Concepts in Scandinavian Law and Language
Authors: Kjaer Anne Lise 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this article, I present the results of an empirical study of one aspect of what I call discursive implementation of human rights law in Scandinavian legal systems: translation strategies applied by Scandinavian Supreme Courts when referring to judgments of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). My point of departure is a study of the roughly 85 accessible Danish Supreme Court decisions. I look for the strategies applied by Danish judges in their attempt to accommodate the “novel line of thinking” characteristic of the ECtHR. Next I compare and contrast the Danish strategies with the strategies applied by the Norwegian and Swedish Supreme Courts in a selection of 38 and 28 decisions, respectively. The study is based on the assumption that translations, mistranslations or non-translations are actions at the micro-level of law that aggregate with other micro-level actions to form and shape general processes of law. As primary legal actors, national judges determine the legal discourse that accompanies, supports, delays or promotes European legal integration. The results of the study are not conclusive; what is detected are differences in the translational attitudes and styles of the Scandinavian Supreme Courts and, as a general tendency, a transformation of the domestic law and language to hybrids of common European and national discourse.
Coping with Emerging Federalism – Working with Securities Trading in the European Union
Authors: Hansen Jesper Lau 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOnly fairly recently has the law on securities regulation been subject to legislation, first and only on a framework basis on the national level and lately, but very profoundly on a European level as a consequence of the Financial Services Action Plan, that was carried out from 2000–2005. The ensuring legislation has produced a body of harmonised law that is highly detailed and mostly implemented verbatim in national law. The introduction of European Union (EU) law has complicated the traditional use of national law, partly by changing the reliance on preparatory works in traditional Nordic jurisprudence, partly by introducing new layers of legislation and new parties to the legislative process. The emerging federalisation of EU law is just entering a new and even more pronounced phase following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. This article assess the development up to now by first presenting the distinct legal discipline of securities trading law and then exploring the problems arising from the rapid introduction of EU law within this narrow area of law.
Rituximab infusion induces NK activation in lymphoma patients with the high-affinity CD16 polymorphism
Authors: Veeramani Suresh , Wang Siao-Yi , Dahle Christopher , Blackwell Sue , Jacobus Laura , Knutson Tina , Button Anna , Link Brian K. , Weiner George J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell–mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity involving FcγRIIIa (CD16) likely contributes to the clinical efficacy of rituximab. To assess the in vivo effects of CD16 polymorphisms on rituximab-induced NK activation, blood was evaluated before and 4 hours after initiation of the initial dose of rituximab in 21 lymphoma subjects. Rituximab induced NK activation and a drop in circulating NK-cell percentage in subjects with the high-affinity [158(VF/VV)] but not the low-affinity [158(FF)] CD16 polymorphism. There was no correlation between NK-cell activation or NK-cell percentage and polymorphisms in CD32A, C1q, or CH50. We conclude that NK activation occurs within 4 hours of rituximab infusion in subjects with the high-affinity CD16 polymorphism but not those with the low-affinity CD16 polymorphism. This finding may help explain the superior clinical outcome seen in the subset of high-affinity CD16 polymorphism lymphoma patients treated with single-agent rituximab.
Hierarchic Template Approach for Synthesis of Silica Nanocapsules with Tuned Shell Thickness
Authors: Mashimo Masahiro , Ji Qingmin , Ishihara Shinsuke , Sakai Hideki , Abe Masahiko , Hill Jonathan P , Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Nanoporous silica capsules with mesosized diameter (ca. 60 nm) were prepared by using polystyrene (PS) beads and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the hierarchic core and shell templates, respectively. The coverage of PEI on the PS beads enhanced the positive charge density on the template surface and favored the formation of well-separated hollow spheres with diameters smaller than 100 nm. By tuning the PEI shell template layer on the solid PS bead templates at different pH values, the shell thickness of the hollow silica sphere could also be controlled at the nanometer level in the range 3–12 nm.
Green Synthetic Method and Simple Size-control of Polyimide Nanoparticles in ScCO2
Authors: Ishizaka Takayuki , Ishigaki Atsushi , Suzuki Toshishige M , Chatterjee Maya , Kawanami Hajime 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
A green method has been developed for the syntheses of polyimide nanoparticles (PI NPs) at high pressure in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) instead of conventional organic solvent. Without any complicated separation process, PI NPs can be obtained by depressurization of CO2. This method allows preparation of size-controlled PI NPs (a few nm to 194 nm) simply by varying the temperature at a fixed pressure of CO2.
Interstrand Crosslink for Discrimination of Methylated Cytosines
Authors: Dohno Chikara , Shibata Tomonori , Nakatani Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We have developed a chemistry-based method to discriminate cytosine from methylated cytosine using a probe DNA bearing an aldehyde functionality. The probe DNA undergoes interstrand crosslinking with target DNA containing a non-methylated cytosine in a sequence-dependent manner, while the crosslink formation is significantly suppressed for both 5-methyl and N4-methyl cytosines.
In situ X-ray Diffraction Study of the Swelling of Montmorillonite as Affected by Exchangeable Cations and Temperature
Authors: Morodome Shoji , Kawamura Katsuyuki 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe swelling property of smectite is dominated by the hydration of exchangeable cations in the interlayer spacing (‘interlayer hydration’). By investigating systematically the swelling behavior of various exchangeable cations with different valences and ionic radii, the interlayer hydration of smectite was explored. The swelling behavior of Li+-, K+-, Rb+-, Cs+-, Mg2+-, Sr2+-, Ba2+-, and La3+- montmorillonites in undersaturated conditions was measured precisely over the range 50–150°C by in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The systematic swelling behavior of ten homocationic montmorillonites, the aforementioned eight homoionic montmorillonites, plus Na+ and Ca2+ from a previous study, and the cation hydration energies were analysed by studying the changes occurring in the basal spacing and the 001 peak width. With decreasing cation hydration energy, swelling curves (i.e. plots of basal spacing vs. relative humidity (RH)) change from continuous (Mg2+, La3+, and Ca2+) to stepwise (Sr2+, Li+, Ba2+, and Na+) to one-layer only (K+, Rb+, and Cs+). For the first two groups, the RH at the midpoint between the one- and two-layer hydration states increased as the cation hydration energy decreased. Under low RH, with increasing temperature, the basal spacings of Mg-, La-, Ca-, Sr-, Li-, and Ba-montmorillonites decreased continuously to the zero-layer hydration state, whereas Na-, K-, Rb-, and Cs-montmorillonites swelled from the zero-layer hydration state even at the lowest temperature (50°C). A decrease in the basal spacing at the same RH but at different temperatures suggests the existence of metastable states or that the layer-stacking structure changes with temperature. The systematics of the swelling behavior of various homocationic montmorillonites as functions of RH and temperature (<150°C) at 1 atmare reported here.
X-ray Diffraction and Thermal Analysis of Bauxite Ore-Processing Waste (Red Mud) Exchanged with Arsenate and Phosphate
Authors: Castaldi Paola , Silvetti Margherita , Enzo Stefano , Deiana Salvatore 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe use of waste materials from mineral ore processing has much potential for immobilizing pollutants such as arsenic (As) in natural soils and waters. The purpose of the present study was to investigate red mud (RM, a finely textured bauxite-ore residue) as a sequestering agent for arsenate and phosphate, including characterization of the types of surface complexes formed. The mineralogical and structural changes occurring in RM were investigated after exchange with arsenate [As(V)-RM] and phosphate [P(V)-RM] anions at pH 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0. Eight different phases were present in the untreated red mud (RMnt), though 80 wt.% of the crystalline phase consisted of sodalite, hematite, gibbsite, and boehmite. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data for As(V)-RM revealed an anion-promoted dissolution of the gibbsite, suggesting that this phase was the most active for As(V) sequestration. In addition, the lattice parameters of cancrinite were different in As(V)-RM at pH 7.0 and 10.0 from those in RMnt. The changes may be related to the incorporation of arsenate in the cancrinite cages. X-ray diffraction patterns of P(V)-RM at pH 4.0 and 7.0 revealed the dissolution of sodalite, hematite, and gibbsite, and the formation of a novel phase, berlinite [(α,β)AlPO4]. The new phases detected through XRD and thermal (TG/DTG) analysis in P(V)-RM probably originated through an initial phosphate-promoted dissolution of some RM phases, followed by a precipitation reaction between the phosphate and Al/Fe ions. The results obtained suggest that phosphate and arsenate, though with different reactivities, were strongly bound to some RM phases, such as gibbsite, cancrinite, sodalite, and hematite through mechanisms such as chemical sorption and coprecipitation reactions. The knowledge acquired will be helpful in selecting alternative materials such as red muds, which currently pose critical economic and environmental challenges related to their disposal, for the decontamination of soils and waters polluted with As.
Factors Associated with Altered Long-Term Well-Being After Prophylactic Salpingo-Oophorectomy Among Women at Increased Hereditary Risk for Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Touboul Cyril , Uzan Catherine , Ichanté Jean Laurent , Caron Olivier , Dunant Ariane , Dauchy Sarah , Gouy Sébastien , de Paillerets Brigitte Bressac , Morice Philippe , Delaloge Suzette 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe factors associated with decreased well-being after PBSO in order to prospectively identify patients at risk.Provide pre-operative counseling and information to patients at risk of decreased well-being after PBSO.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Background.
Prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (PBSO) might alter several components of well-being, such as sexual functioning and endocrine symptoms, in women at high risk for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer, compared with the general population. We searched for factors associated with altered long-term well-being in this population (lower quality of life [QOL], altered sexual functioning, greater anxiety, more endocrine symptoms).

Methods.
All high-risk women who had undergone PBSO during the past 15 years in a single cancer center were contacted by mail. Upon acceptance, they were sent five questionnaires: (a) general social questions, (b) the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30, (c) Sexual Activity Questionnaire, (d) Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Endocrine Symptom, and (5) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Logistic analyses were used to identify factors associated with altered results. Because of multiple testing, only p-values ≤ .01 were considered significant.

Results.
One hundred twelve of 175 women (64%) returned the completed questionnaires at a mean duration (standard deviation) of 6.0 (5.1) years after PBSO. QOL was positively influenced by two baseline factors: a high educational level and occupying an executive position. However, younger age at PBSO was associated with lower social functioning and greater anxiety. At the time of the study, practicing a sport and the avoidance of weight gain (≥10%) were highly related to QOL, sexual pleasure, endocrine symptoms, and anxiety in the univariate analysis and predictive of better QOL and lower anxiety in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions.
Younger women and women with a low educational level and no occupation appear to be at higher risk for altered long-term well-being. After surgery, practicing a sport and stable weight may help maintain overall well-being.
Maximizing Benefits for Effective Cancer Survivorship Programming: Defining a Dissemination and Implementation Plan
Authors: Wolin Kathleen Y. , Colditz Graham A. , Proctor Enola K. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Outline a process that cancer organizations can use to design, implement, prioritize, and evaluate cancer survivor programs.Describe the scientific evidence for benefit from survivorship interventions and the process and strategies for implementation and evaluation to promote sustainable programs.
This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Although calls for improvements in cancer survivorship planning and programming exist, implementation has lagged. As with most guidelines, moving from recommendations to implementation requires active planning and systems changes to insure sustained use. Here, we draw on the latest in implementation science to outline a process that cancer organizations can use in designing, implementing, prioritizing, and evaluating cancer survivor programs to improve patient outcomes, using smoking cessation as a primary example. We consider the scientific evidence for benefit from interventions and the strategy for implementation and evaluation to sustain programs.