bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zyxin controls migration in epithelial–mesenchymal transition by mediating actin‐membrane linkages at cell–cell junctions
Authors: Sperry Rebecca Bakkevig , Bishop Nicholas H. , Bramwell Jeremy J. , Brodeur Michael N. , Carter Matthew J. , Fowler Brent T. , Lewis Zachery B. , Maxfield Steve D. , Staley Davis M. , Vellinga Ryan M. , Hansen Marc D.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDevelopment is punctuated by morphogenetic rearrangements of epithelial tissues, including detachment of motile cells during epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Dramatic actin rearrangements occur as cell–cell junctions are dismantled and cells become independently motile during EMT. Characterizing dynamic actin rearrangements and identifying actin machinery driving these rearrangements is essential for understanding basic mechanisms of cell–cell junction remodeling. Using immunofluorescence and live cell imaging of scattering MDCK cells we examine dynamic actin rearrangement events during EMT and demonstrate that zyxin–VASP complexes mediate linkage of dynamic medial actin networks to adherens junction (AJ) membranes. A functional analysis of zyxin in EMT reveals its role in regulating disruption of actin membrane linkages at cell–cell junctions, altering cells' ability to fully detach and migrate independently during EMT. Expression of a constitutively active zyxin mutant results in persistent actin‐membrane linkages and cell migration without loss of cell–cell adhesion. We propose zyxin functions in morphogenetic rearrangements, maintaining collective migration by transducing individual cells' movements through AJs, thus preventing the dissociation of individual migratory cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 612–624, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppression of ERK signaling evokes autocrine Fas‐mediated death in arachidonic acid‐treated human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells
Authors: Chen Ku‐Chung , Liu Wen‐Hsin , Chang Long‐Sen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractArachidonic acid (AA)‐induced apoptotic death of K562 cells (human chronic myeloid leukemic cells) was characteristic of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial depolarization. N‐Acetylcysteine pretreatment rescued viability of AA‐treated cells and abolished mitochondrial depolarization. In contrast to no significant changes in phospho‐JNK and phospho‐ERK levels, AA evoked notable activation of p38 MAPK. Unlike that of JNK and p38 MAPK, ERK suppression further reduced the viability of AA‐treated cells. Increases in Fas/FasL protein expression, caspase‐8 activation, the production of tBid and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were noted with K562 cells that were treated with a combination of U0126 and AA. Down‐regulation of FADD attenuated U0126‐evoked degradation of procaspase‐8 and Bid. Abolition of p38 MAPK activation abrogated U0126‐elicited Fas/FasL up‐regulation in AA‐treated cells. U0126 pretreatment suppressed c‐Fos phosphorylation but increased p38 MAPK‐mediated c‐Jun phosphorylation. Knock‐down of c‐Fos and c‐Jun protein expression by siRNA suggested that c‐Fos counteracted the effect of c‐Jun on Fas/FasL up‐regulation. Taken together, our data indicate that AA induces the ROS/mitochondria‐dependent death pathway and blocks the ERK pathway which enhances the cytotoxicity of AA through additionally evoking an autocrine Fas‐mediated apoptotic mechanism in K562 cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 625–634, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Muscarinic cholinoceptor activation by pilocarpine triggers apoptosis in human skin fibroblast cells
Authors: Reina Silvia , Sterin‐Borda Leonor , Passafaro Daniela , Borda Enri 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe aim of the present work was to examine the role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) on apoptosis in human skin fibroblast cells. Neonatal human skin fibroblast cultures were stimulated with pilocarpine in the presence or absence of specific antagonists. Pilocarpine stimulates apoptosis, total inositol phosphates (InsP) accumulation and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. All these effects were inhibited by atropine, mustard hydrochloride (4‐DAMP) and pirenzepine, indicating that M1and M3mAChRs are implicated in pilocarpine action. Pilocarpine apoptotic action is accompanied by caspase‐3 and JNK activation. The intracellular pathway leading to pilocarpine‐induced biological effects involved phospholipase C, calcium/calmodulin and extracellular calcium as U‐73122, W‐7, verapamil, BAPTA and BAPTA‐AM blocked pilocarpine effects.L‐NMMA, a NOS inhibitor, had no effect, indicating that the enzyme does not participate in the apoptosis phenomenon. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the modulatory role of the parasympathetic muscarinic system on the apoptotic human skin fibroblast process. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 640–647, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A convenient purification and preconcentration of peptides with α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid matrix crystals in a pipette tip for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Řehulková Helena , Chalupová Jana , Šebela Marek , Řehulka Pavel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPeptide samples derived from enzymatic in‐gel digestion of proteins resolved by gel electrophoresis often contain high amount of salts originating from reaction and separation buffers. Different methods are used for desalting prior to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS), e.g. reversed‐phase pipette tip purification, on‐target washing, adding co‐matrices, etc. As a suitable matrix for MALDI MS of peptides, α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) is frequently used. Crystalline CHCA shows the ability to bind peptides on its surface and because it is almost insoluble in acidic water solutions, the on‐target washing of peptide samples can significantly improve MALDI MS signals. Although the common on‐target washing represents a simple, cheap and fast procedure, only a small portion of the available peptide solution is efficiently used for the subsequent MS analysis. The present approach is a combination of the on‐target washing principle carried out in a narrow‐end pipette tip (e.g. GELoader tip) and preconcentration of peptides from acidified solution by passing it through small CHCA crystals captured inside the tip on a glass microfiber frit. The results of MALDI MS analysis using CHCA‐tip peptide preconcentration are comparable with the use of homemade POROS R2 pipette tip microcolumns. Advantages and limitations of this approach are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Posttraumatic stress disorder, guilt, depression, and meaning in life among military veterans
Authors: Owens Gina P. , Steger Michael F. , Whitesell Allison A. , Herrera Catherine J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractVeterans of various service eras (N = 174) completed an Internet survey about combat exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, guilt, and meaning in life. Results of a hierarchical regression indicated that younger age; higher levels of combat exposure, depression, and guilt; and lower meaning in life predicted greater PTSD severity. The interaction between meaning in life and depression also was significant, with a stronger inverse relation between meaning and PTSD at lower levels of depression. Meaning in life may be an important treatment concern for veterans with PTSD symptoms, particularly at higher levels of functioning.
Newsvendor bounds and heuristics for serial supply chains with regular and expedited shipping
Authors: Zhou Sean X. , Chao Xiuli 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe study an infinite‐horizon, N‐stage, serial production/inventory system with two transportation modes between stages: regular shipping and expedited shipping. The optimal inventory policy for this system is a top–down echelon base‐stock policy, which can be computed through minimizing 2N nested convex functions recursively (Lawson and Porteus, Oper Res 48 (2000), 878–893). In this article, we first present some structural properties and comparative statics for the parameters of the optimal inventory policies, we then derive simple, newsvendor‐type lower and upper bounds for the optimal control parameters. These results are used to develop near optimal heuristic solutions for the echelon base‐stock policies. Numerical studies show that the heuristic performs well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
Co‐poly(aryl ether sulfone)s containing phthalimidine moiety in the main chain
Authors: Ghosh Anindita , Maji Samarendra , Banerjee Susanta , Voit Brigitte 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeveral new co‐poly(arylene ether sulfone)s have been prepared by the reaction of 4,4′‐fluorodiphenyl sulfone (FDS) with different bisphenols namely 4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenol (BPA), 4,4′‐hexafluoroisopropylidenediphenol (6F‐BPA), and N‐phenyl‐3,3‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)phthalimidine(PA). The homo‐poly(arylene ether sulfone)s are named as 1a, 2a, and 3a. The copolymers namely 2b, 2c, 2d and 3b, 3c, 3d have been prepared, respectively, on reaction of FDS with BPA or 6F‐BPA using different molar ratios of PA such as 25, 50, and 75. The poly(aryl ether sulfone)s 1a containing PA unit in the main chain showed a very high glass transition temperature of 280°C and an outstanding thermal stability up to 510°C for 5% weight loss under synthetic air. Depending on the mole% of PA, the glass transition temperatures of the copolymers can be varied. The polymers were soluble in a wide range of organic solvents. Transparent thin films of these polymers exhibited tensile strengths upto 84 MPa and Young's modulus up to 3.16 GPa. The films of these polymers showed low water absorption of 0.24%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of microcellular polypropylene/polystyrene blend foams with tunable cell structure
Authors: Huang Han‐Xiong , Xu Hong‐Fei 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBy using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc‐CO2) as the physical foaming agent, microcellular foaming was carried out in a batch process from a wide range of immiscible polypropylene/polystyrene (PP/PS) blends with 10–70 wt% PS. The blends were prepared via melt processing in a twin‐screw extruder. The cell structure, cell size, and cell density of foamed PP/PS blends were investigated and explained by combining the blend phase morphology and morphological parameters with the foaming principle. It was demonstrated that all PP/PS blends exhibit much dramatically improved foamability than the PP, and significantly decreased cell size and obviously increased cell density than the PS. Moreover, the cell structure can be tunable via changing the blend composition. Foamed PP/PS blends with up to 30 wt% PS exhibit a closed‐cell structure. Among them, foamed PP/PS 90:10 and 80:20 blends have very small mean cell diameter (0.4 and 0.7 µm) and high cell density (8.3 × 1011and 6.4 × 1011 cells/cm3). Both of blends exhibit nonuniform cell structure, in which most of small cells spread as “a string of beads.” Foamed PP/PS 70:30 blend shows the most uniform cell structure. Increase in the PS content to 50 wt% and especially 70 wt% transforms it to an irregular open‐cell structure. The cell structure of foamed PP/PS blends is strongly related to the blend phase morphology and the solubility of CO2in PP more than that in PS, which makes the PP serve as a CO2reservoir. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reusable polymer anchored copper(II) complex catalyst for the efficient oxidation of olefins and aromatic alcohol
Authors: Islam S. M. , Mondal Paramita , Mukherjee Sanghamitra , Roy Anupam Sigha , Bhaumik Asim 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new heterogeneous Schiff base copper(II) complex was prepared by reacting amino‐polystyrene with salicylaldehyde followed by complexation with cupric chloride. The structure of this immobilized complex has been established on the basis of scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis employing atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and spectrometric methods like diffuse reflectance spectra of solid (DRS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Catalytic activity of this polymer anchored Cu(II) complex was tested by studying the oxidation of cyclohexene, styrene, and benzyl alcohol in the presence of tert‐ butylhydroperoxide as oxidant. Several parameters such as solvent, oxidant, reaction time, reaction temperature, amount of catalyst, and substrates oxidant ratio were varied to optimize the reaction condition. Under optimized reaction conditions, cyclohexene gave a maximum of 74% conversion with three major products 2‐cyclohexene‐1‐one, cyclohexene epoxide, and 2‐cyclohexene‐1‐ol. The conversions of styrene and benzylalcohol proceed with 53% and 77%, respectively. Styrene gives styrene epoxide as the major product while benzylalcohol gives benzaldehyde as the major product. The catalytic results reveal that polymer anchored copper(II) Schiff base complex can be recycled more than five times without much loss in the catalytic activity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanofibrosis of uncrystallizable poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) via phase separation
Authors: Yang Xiao Ping , Li Xiao Li , Zhang Lei , Yang Qiao Fu , Cai Qing , Deng Xu Liang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPoly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) copolymers are a kind of biocompatible and biodegradable materials being widely used in tissue engineering. However, phase separation had not been reported successfully in fabricating these amorphous polymers into nanofibrous matrix, although this technique had shown advantages over electrospinning in producing a nanofiber network. In this study, tetrahydrofuran (THF)/H2O solvent pairs were found suitable solvents to induce the formation of uniform PLGA gel at selected gelation temperatures. The results indicated that fine nanofibrous structures with fiber diameter around 40–60 nm could be obtained following the steps of gel formation, solvent extraction, and freeze‐drying, by controlling the concentration of PLGA/THF/H2O solution, THF/H2O ratio, and gelation temperature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐molecule genomics
Authors: McCaughan Frank , Dear Paul H 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe term ‘single‐molecule genomics’ (SMG) describes a group of molecular methods in which single molecules are detected or sequenced. The focus on the analysis of individual molecules distinguishes these techniques from more traditional methods, in which template DNA is cloned or PCR‐amplified prior to analysis. Although technically challenging, the analysis of single molecules has the potential to play a major role in the delivery of truly personalized medicine. The two main subgroups of SMG methods are single‐molecule digital PCR and single‐molecule sequencing. Single‐molecule PCR has a number of advantages over competing technologies, including improved detection of rare genetic variants and more precise analysis of copy‐number variation, and is more easily adapted to the often small amount of material that is available in clinical samples. Single‐molecule sequencing refers to a number of different methods that are mainly still in development but have the potential to make a huge impact on personalized medicine in the future. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compound heterozygous mutation with a novel splice donor region DNA sequence variant in the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B gene in malignant paraganglioma
Authors: Majumdar Suvankar , Friedrich Christopher A. , Koch Christian A. , Megason Gail C. , Fratkin Jonathan D. , Moll George W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors in children. Apparently sporadic cases of PGL may harbor germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) gene. SDHB mutations are associated with malignant disease. We report a 13‐year‐old African American boy with diffusely metastatic PGL and compound heterozygous mutation leading to a novel splice donor region DNA sequence variant in the SDHB gene. Family history was positive for non‐classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia and pituitary adenoma. After surgical resection of the primary PGL and chemotherapy, he was treated with metaiodobenzy lguanidine (MIBG) combined with arsenic trioxide. At 3‐year follow‐up, he had stable disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:473–475. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A predictor of unfavourable outcome in neutropenic paediatric patients presenting with fever of unknown origin
Authors: Semeraro Michaela , Thomée Caroline , Rolland Estelle , Le Deley Marie Cecile , Rosselini David , Troalen Frederic , Amoroso Loredana , Dubrel Marie , Hartmann Olivier 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundNo sensitive, specific marker able to discriminate favourable or unfavourable outcome of fever of unknown origin (FUO) at diagnosis has been identified. Procalcitonin, a recently assessed infection marker, may be useful in predicting the outcome of FUO.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study examining the following variables: age 0.5–22 years; solid tumour diagnosis; chemotherapy‐related grade‐4 febrile neutropenia (FN). A complete clinical, bacteriological and biological evaluation was performed at hospital admission (H0). Other investigations depended on clinical status. FUO was considered to be of unfavourable outcome if the fever was persistent or re‐appeared at day 3 (or later), or if secondary clinical or microbiological infection occurred. To validate the results of the analysis the data set was randomly split into a training set and a validation set.ResultsOut of 172 episodes of FN, 136 episodes were classified as FUO (80%). Seventy‐two (53%) were included in this study. PCT values were significantly higher in episodes of unfavourable outcome (P < 0.001). None of the other prediction candidates appeared to be significantly linked to the risk of unfavourable outcome. In the validation set, the best PCT cut‐off was 0.12 µ/L, which was associated with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 64%.ConclusionsPCT‐H0 level can predict FUO outcome. A protocol based on PCT‐H0 measurement, integrating clinical and bacteriological evaluation, facilitates shorter hospital stays and less antibiotic treatment. Patients with a PCT‐H0 value <0.12 µ/L could benefit from an outpatient treatment starting at H48 thus reducing hospitalisation costs and improving quality of life. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:284–290. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resistance of stem‐like cells from neuroblastoma cell lines to commonly used chemotherapeutic agents
Authors: Vangipuram Sharada D. , Wang Zhihong J. , Lyman William D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundCancer stem cell theory suggests that the presence of tumor initiating stem‐like cells in cancers may be responsible for cancer progression and relapse. CD133 cell surface maker expression has been used to identify stem‐like cells in cancer cell lines. Our goal was to identify such cells in neuroblastoma cell lines and to study the cytotoxicity of common anticancer drugs for those cells.Materials and MethodsCD133+ cells from SK‐N‐SH and SK‐N‐BE cell lines were isolated using magnetic microbeads. Cytotoxicity of four anticancer drugs was studied on CD133+ and CD133− populations. The percentage of live, apoptotic, and dead cells in each population after drug treatment was estimated by MTT and PI/Annexin‐binding assays. Western blot analyses were used to identify differences in the expression of kinases.ResultsEight to 10% of SK‐N‐SH and 3–5% of SK‐N‐BE cells were CD133+. These cells were more resistant than CD133− cells to all four chemotherapeutic agents tested in the MTT assay. Decreased apoptosis was observed in CD133+ cells compared to CD133− cells by PI/Annexin V‐binding assay. Western blot analysis showed that CD133+ cells expressed less MKP‐1. Phosphorylated forms of both ERK and P‐38 kinases were expressed at higher levels in CD133+ cells than in CD133− cells.ConclusionsThis study suggests that CD133+ cells are more resistant to anticancer drugs than CD133− cells. Differences in the expression and phosphorylation of kinases could be partially responsible for this difference. Targeting CD133‐expressing cells could be a strategy to develop more effective treatments for neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:361–368. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystallization behavior of PIPD/nylon 6 blends
Authors: Yu Kejing , Du Zhongjie , Li Hangquan , Zhang Chen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBlends of poly‐ε‐caprolactam (nylon6) and poly{2,6‐diimidazo[4,5‐b:4′5′‐e]pyridinylene‐1,4(2,5‐dihydroxy) phenylene} (PIPD/nylon 6) have been prepared via a controlled polymer solution crystallization method. The crystallization behavior of nylon 6 in the blends was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and polarizing microscopy (PLM). The results indicated that the presence of PIPD inhibited the nucleation rate of the crystallization of nylon 6, resulting in reduction in crystallization temperature, degree of crystallinity, and the perfection of crystal. Such influence was attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between nylon 6 and PIPD molecules. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Thermal and electrical behavior of polyimide/silica hybrid thin films
Authors: Hamciuc Elena , Hamciuc Corneliu , Olariu Marius 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSilica‐containing polyimide films were prepared by sol‐gel technique using a poly(amic acid) and tetraethoxysilane. The poly(amic acid) was synthesized by solution polycondensation reaction of 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride with 2,6‐bis(3‐aminophenoxy)benzene and an aminosilane coupling agent, 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The properties of these films, such as water vapors sorption capacity, dynamic contact angles and contact angle hysteresis, thermal, and electrical behavior have been evaluated with respect to their structure. The polymer films exhibited good thermal stability having the initial decomposition temperature above 450°C, glass transition temperature in the range of 223−228°C, and low‐dielectric constant in the range of 2.64−3.16. Two subglass transitions, γ and β, were evidenced by dynamic mechanical analysis and dielectric spectroscopy. The surface morphology and the roughness were investigated by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Determination of plane‐strain fracture toughness of polyethylene copolymer based on the concept of essential work of fracture
Authors: Ben Jar P.‐Y. , Adianto Riski 
Published: November 2009

AbstractToughness and deformation capacity of six polyethylene copolymers in plane‐strain fracture were characterized using the concept of essential work of fracture (EWF). Two types of regression analysis were considered: one based on the traditional, total work of fracture, while the other on the energy partition to extract the portion that is relevant to the plane‐strain fracture. In particular, the latter analysis excludes energy that is for the final stretch of the surface flanks and produces toughness values that are smaller than those determined based on the total work of fracture. The study found that two types of analysis rank the copolymers in different orders. Based on the results from the energy‐partition approach, the article discusses the influence of material characteristics (molecular weight, branch concentration, density, etc.) on the plane‐strain fracture toughness of the polyethylene copolymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers