bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus sorption–desorption changes phosphorus fraction dynamic in a desert revegetation chronosequence
Authors: Li Chengyi , He Mingzhu , Xin Chunming , Zhang Zhaohui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the characteristics of soil phosphorus (P) sorption and desorption is essential for comprehending P biogeochemical cycling and effectively managing ecosystems in a desert revegetation chronosequence. The present study utilized the Freundlich model and enzymatic activity to characterize the features of P sorption–desorption, and microbial activity, which aims to elucidate the effect of P kinetics and microbial activity on P fractions in the soils of a desert revegetation chronosequence, consisting of 11, 31, 40, 57, and 65 years old revegetated deserts. The findings revealed that the 31 years old soil showed the highest alkaline phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities, and the 40 years old displayed the highest inorganic pyrophosphatase activity. In revegetated desert soils, microbial activity changed P sorption–desorption kinetics by decreased or increased the parameters including sorption/desorption energy site, P sorption/desorption ability, and the maximum buffering capacity of P sorption/desorption. And in microbial activity soils of 31–40 years old, P desorption significantly decreased T‐P and A‐P concentrations (p < 0.05). P sorption process and enzyme activity explained 35.10% and 22.20% of P fraction variation, respectively; and P desorption process and enzyme activity explained 48.3% and 22.3% of P fraction variation, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights into the contribution of P kinetics coupled with microbial activity in desert ecosystems, aiding in the effective management of these fragile ecosystems.
High Throughput Bioprinting Using Decellularized Adipose Tissue‐Based Hydrogels for 3D Breast Cancer Modeling
Authors: Shukla Priyanshu , Bera Ashis Kumar , Yeleswarapu Sriya , Pati Falguni 
Published: April 2024

Abstract3D bioprinting allows rapid automated fabrication and can be applied for high throughput generation of biomimetic constructs for in vitro drug screening. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogel is a popular biomaterial choice for tissue engineering and studying carcinogenesis as a tumor microenvironmental mimetic. This study proposes a method for high throughput bioprinting with decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) based hydrogels for 3D breast cancer modeling. A comparative analysis of decellularization protocol using detergent‐based and detergent‐free decellularization methods for caprine‐origin adipose tissue is performed, and the efficacy of dECM hydrogel for 3D cancer modeling is assessed. Histological, biochemical, morphological, and biological characterization and analysis showcase the cytocompatibility of DAT hydrogel. The rheological property of DAT hydrogel and printing process optimization is assessed to select a bioprinting window to attain 3D breast cancer models. The bioprinted tissues are characterized for cellular viability and tumor cell‐matrix interactions. Additionally, an approach for breast cancer modeling is shown by performing rapid high throughput bioprinting in a 96‐well plate format, and in vitro drug screening using 5‐fluorouracil is performed on 3D bioprinted microtumors. The results of this study suggest that high throughput bioprinting of cancer models can potentially have downstream clinical applications like multi‐drug screening platforms and personalized disease models.
Ultrasmall Single‐Chain Nanoparticles Derived from Amphiphilic Alternating Copolymers
Authors: Qi Chufeng , Zhu You‐Liang , Zhao Huanyu , Lu Zhong‐Yuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe collapse or folding of an individual polymer chain into a nanoscale particle gives rise to single‐chain nanoparticles (SCNPs), which share a soft nature with biological protein particles. The precise control of their properties, including morphology, internal structure, size, and deformability, are a long‐standing and challenging pursuit. Herein, a new strategy based on amphiphilic alternating copolymers for producing SCNPs with ultrasmall size and uniform structure is presented. SCNPs are obtained by folding the designed alternating copolymer in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and fixing it through a photocatalyzed cycloaddition reaction of anthracene units. Molecular dynamics simulation confirms the solvophilic outer corona and solvophobic inner core structure of SCNPs. Furthermore, by adjusting the length of PEG units, precise control over the mean size of SCNPs is achieved within the range of 2.8 to 3.9 nm. These findings highlight a new synthetic strategy that enables enhanced control over morphology and internal structure while achieving ultrasmall and uniform size for SCNPs.
A liquid lever sensor based on an abrupt taper and micro‐arc Michelson interferometer in single‐mode fiber
Authors: Mao Beibei , Wu Yongfeng , Cheng Weihao , Ullah Rahat , Ren Jianxin , Mao Yaya , Yuan Tingxuan , Wang Tutao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA novel two‐parameter sensor is proposed based on the abrupt taper and micro‐arc Michelson interferometer (MI) in single‐mode fiber. When there is a regular change in the liquid level or temperature, the phase difference changes, and the spectral intensity or wavelength of the interfering valleys of this sensor is directionally shifted. This study enriches the construction of MI and provides a new perspective on liquid level measurement. We experimentally explored the sensor's sensing performance over temperature and liquid level: this sensor's temperature sensitivity and liquid level sensitivity were up to 62.9 pm/°C and 0.2896 dB/mm, respectively. In addition, this sensor is characterized by compactness, simplicity, low cost, and high reliability, and it is suitable for measurement of liquid level and temperature, expanding the application field of MI.
Marker‐based C‐arm self‐calibration with unknown calibration pattern
Authors: Pivot Odran , Voros Sandrine , Chappard Christine , Bernard Guillaume , Grondin Yannick , Desbat Laurent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccurate tomographic reconstructions require the knowledge of the actual acquisition geometry. Many mobile C‐arm CT scanners have poorly reproducible acquisition geometries and thus need acquisition‐specific calibration procedures. Most of geometric self‐calibration methods based on projection data either need prior information or are limited to the estimation of a low number of geometric calibration parameters. Other self‐calibration methods generally use a calibration pattern with known geometry and are hardly implementable in practice for clinical applications.PurposeWe present a three‐step marker based self‐calibration method which does not require the prior knowledge of the calibration pattern and thus enables the use of calibration patterns with arbitrary markers positions.MethodsThe first step of the method aims at detecting the set of markers of the calibration pattern in each projection of the CT scan and is performed using the YOLO (You Only Look Once) Convolutional Neural Network. The projected marker trajectories are then estimated by a sequential projection‐wise marker association scheme based on the Linear Assignment Problem which uses Kalman filters to predict the markers 2D positions in the projections. The acquisition geometry is finally estimated from the marker trajectories using the Bundle‐adjustment algorithm.ResultsThe calibration method has been tested on realistic simulated images of the ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) phantom, using calibration patterns with 10 and 20 markers. The backprojection error was used to evaluate the self‐calibration method and exhibited sub‐millimeter errors. Real images of two human knees with 10 and 30 markers calibration patterns were then used to perform a qualitative evaluation of the method, which showed a remarkable artifacts reduction and bone structures visibility improvement.ConclusionsThe proposed calibration method gave promising results that pave the way to patient‐specific geometric self‐calibrations in clinics.
Vestibular Hypofunction Screening in Older Cochlear Implant Candidates
Authors: Lovin Benjamin D. , Gorelik Daniel , Lin Kenny F. , Vrabec Jeffrey T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveVestibular loss is associated with increasing age and hearing loss. Cochlear implantation (CI) may be performed in these patients; however, CI can induce vestibular hypofunction (VH) postoperatively. If CI is performed in the “better balancing ear,” patients may experience vestibulopathy from new bilateral VH. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rates of VH in older CI candidates, thereby helping to identify patients at increased risk for bilateral VH after CI.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study from 2019 to 2022 of patients age 60 to 80 years old who underwent videonystagmography (VNG).SettingTertiary care neurotology practice.MethodsVNG, including spontaneous nystagmus, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), caloric stimulation, and rotary chair, was reviewed and stratified by CI candidacy. Patients with prior CI or known vestibular diagnosis were excluded.ResultsThirty‐three patients were CI candidates and 184 patients were controls. cVEMP demonstrated a significantly greater rate of unilateral VH in CI candidates (P = .018). Caloric stimulation demonstrated an elevated rate of bilateral VH and presbyvestibulopathy in CI candidates (P = .057 and P = .036, respectively). Rotary chair demonstrated a significantly higher rate of bilateral VH and incomplete vestibular compensation based on reduced gain and gain asymmetry, respectively, in CI candidates (P < .001 and P = .043, respectively). Mean bithermal slow phase velocity sum and rotary chair gain were significantly lower in the CI candidate group (P = .002 and P < .001, respectively). Preoperative identification of VH determined the side of implantation in 4 patients (15%).ConclusionVH and incomplete vestibular compensation are common and more frequently seen in CI candidates compared to age‐matched controls. Vestibular screening can play a role in surgical counseling and planning, and should be considered in older patients undergoing CI.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis for dose regimen optimization of vancomycin in Southern Chinese children
Authors: Shen Xianhuan , Li Xuejuan , Lu Jieluan , Zhu Jiahao , He Yaodong , Zhang Zhou , Chen Zebin , Zhang Jianping , Fan Xiaomei , Li Wenzhou 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChanges in physiological factors may result in large pharmacokinetic variability of vancomycin in pediatric patients, thereby leading to either supratherapeutic or subtherapeutic exposure and potentially affecting clinical outcomes. This study set out to characterize the disposition of vancomycin, quantify the exposure target and establish an optimal dosage regimen among the Southern Chinese pediatric population. Routine therapeutic drug monitoring data of 453 patients were available. We performed a retrospective population pharmacokinetic analysis of hospitalized children prescribed intravenous vancomycin using NONMEM® software. A one‐compartment PPK model of vancomycin with body weight and renal functions as covariates based on a cutoff of 2 years old children was proposed in this study. Both internal and external validation showing acceptable and robust predictive performance of the model to estimate PK parameters. The value of area under the curve over 24 h to minimum inhibitory concentration ratio (AUC0‐24/MIC) ≥ 260 was a significant predictor for therapeutic efficacy. Monte Carlo simulations served as a model‐informed precision dosing approach and suggested that different optimal dose regimens in various scenarios should be considered rather than flat dosing. The evaluation of vancomycin exposure‐efficacy relationship indicated that lower target level of AUC0‐24/MIC may be needed to achieve clinical effectiveness in children, which was used to derive the recommended dosing regimen. Further prospective studies will be needed to corroborate and elucidate these results.
Density functional theory study on interatomic forces and electronic properties of ConMoP(n = 1 ~ 5) cluster
Authors: Wu Tinghui , Fang Zhigang , Liu Li'e , Song Jingli , Song Jia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo delve into the microscopic property variations of the ConMoP(n = 1 ~ 5) cluster, this study employs density functional theory at the B3LYP/def2‐TZVP quantum chemistry level. The paper conducts a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the clusters, examining parameters such as bond lengths, bond angles, electronic localization function (ELF), interaction region indicator function (IRI), independent gradient model based on the Hirshfeld partition, deformation density, electronic space range, chemical hardness and softness, polarizability, and dipole moment. The optimization process reveals 16 stable configurations for the ConMoP(n = 1 ~ 5) cluster, predominantly taking on a steric form. As the cluster size increases, the electronic delocalization of Co atoms intensifies, while the electronic properties of Mo atoms remain relatively stable. Notably, P atoms maintain a high degree of electronic delocalization. The interatomic forces within the clusters predominantly exhibit covalent bonding, with no evident repulsive effects observed between atoms. The bonding between metal atoms in the clusters leans toward a preference for covalent interaction. The degree of dispersion in the clusters increases with their growth, particularly evident in configuration 5‐a, which displays a broader spatial distribution. Configuration 3‐a demonstrates the most favorable activity, showcasing a relatively stable structure. Overall, configuration 3‐a emerges as a focal point for catalytic reactions. This article provides a more comprehensive analysis of the ConMoP(n = 1 ~ 5) cluster, yielding diverse results and enhancing the theoretical understanding of this cluster.
Phosphorus speciation and elemental associations in well‐drained soils of temperate forests
Authors: Henshaw Kalani Baer , Hettiarachchi Ganga , Judy Jonathan D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhosphorus (P) dynamics in the soil subsurface are relatively unstudied, especially in forest soils, and may be important in areas with groundwater‐fed surface water bodies. Here, we use X‐ray absorption near‐edge P spectroscopy (P‐XANES) and X‐ray fluorescence microprobe mapping (µ‐XRF) to examine P speciation and co‐localization with Fe and Al as a function of depth in soils from coniferous and deciduous forests. P‐XANES revealed similar trends in P speciation with depth for both forest types, with Al‐P and Fe‐P being dominant, whereas Ca‐P and organic P were minor constituents. Correlation plots derived from µ‐XRF mapping revealed a strong correlation between P and both Fe and Al at all depths. At depths of up to 378 cm, a range that includes A, E, and B horizons, the relationships between P and Al/Fe were remarkably consistent, consisting of a population of P diffusely associated with Al/Fe, consistent with Fe‐ or Al‐adsorbed P, as well as P linearly correlated with Al/Fe in several discreet groupings, indicative of the presence of specific P compounds. At depths below 378 cm, the relationships between P and Al/Fe changed dramatically, with correlation plotting indicating the disappearance of any diffuse P:Al/Fe relationships. This change occurred concurrently with a decrease in oxalate extractable P, suggesting that the P present in this deep soil horizon may be present in a more stable form that is less available for transport, as well as potentially indicating that P adsorbed to Fe/Al did not readily pass through the overlaying Bw soil horizon.
The hidden strength of small business: Social networks and wet market vendors in China
Authors: Zhong Shuru , Werner Cynthia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThroughout contemporary China, consumers have the option of purchasing food products from “traditional” Chinese wet markets or “modern” supermarket chains. Wet market vendors are economically disadvantaged as the operators of small‐scale businesses with limited investment and high labor costs. Nevertheless, wet market vendors continue to thrive in urban China, despite the continued expansion of supermarket chains. This article combines ethnographic data and social network analysis to examine how social networks provide wet market vendors with some important competitive advantages. The article draws on fourteen months of fieldwork in Sanya City, China, and provides an analysis of the composition, structure, and strength of the network ties of 113 wet market vendors. Vendors tend to have strong and dense ties to individuals who help them establish their businesses. Vendors also rely on strong ties with regular suppliers to help them reduce costs and ensure a regular supply of goods. These strong ties are balanced by weaker ties with a diverse range of customers, including small businesses and household consumers. A combination of both strong and weak network ties contributes to the collective resilience of wet market vendors, allowing them to confront crises, reduce risk and uncertainty, and improve performance.
Tunable 2D Conjugated Porous Organic Polymer Films for Precise Molecular Nanofiltration and Optoelectronics
Authors: Miller Kristen , Gayle Jessica M. , Roy Soumyabrata , Abdellah Mohamed H. , Hardian Rifan , Cseri Levente , Demingos Pedro G. , Nadella Hema Rajesh , Lee Frank , Tripathi Manoj , Gupta Sashikant , Guo Galio , Bhattacharyya Sohini , Wang Xu , Dalton Alan B. , Garg Ashish , Singh Chandra Veer , Vajtai Robert , Szekely Gyorgy , Ajayan Pulickel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStructural design of 2D conjugated porous organic polymer films (2D CPOPs), by tuning linkage chemistries and pore sizes, provides great adaptability for various applications, including membrane separation. Here, four free‐standing 2D CPOP films of imine‐ or hydrazone‐linked polymers (ILP/HLP) in combination with benzene (B‐ILP/HLP) and triphenylbenzene (TPB‐ILP/HLP) aromatic cores are synthesized. The anisotropic disordered films, composed of polymeric layered structures, can be exfoliated into ultrathin 2D‐nanosheets with layer‐dependent electrical properties. The bulk CPOP films exhibit structure‐dependent optical properties, triboelectric nanogenerator output, and robust mechanical properties, rivaling previously reported 2D polymers and porous materials. The exfoliation energies of the 2D CPOPs and their mechanical behavior at the molecular level are investigated using density function theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, respectively. Exploiting the structural tunability, the comparative organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) performance of six membranes having different pore sizes and linkages to yield valuable trends in molecular weight selectivity is investigated. Interestingly, the OSN performances follow the predicted transport modeling values based on theoretical pore size calculations, signifying the existence of permanent porosity in these materials. The membranes exhibit excellent stability in organic solvents at high pressures devoid of any structural deformations, revealing their potential in practical OSN applications.
Crystallization Control Assists Annealing‐Free Fabrication of Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency over 17%
Authors: Chen Yiwen , Wang Dongjie , Zhang Zheling , Huang Yu , Guo Rongrong , Zhu Wending , Tao Ying , Zhang Yang , Xiong Jian , Zhang Jian 
Published: April 2024

The one‐step drop‐casting for preparing perovskite films in three‐layer mesoporous for printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells always results in insufficient filling of mesopores. A binary solvent based on 2‐methoxyethanol (2‐ME) and 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) offers a method suitable for annealing‐free to prepare dense perovskite films in mesopores. The crystallization process of perovskite films in mesopores can be adjusted by the content of NMP in the solvent. The introduction of NMP enhances the density of the perovskite film based on the binary solvent system, optimizing the contact between the perovskite film and the mesoporous scaffold. When the ratio of 2‐ME to NMP is 9:1, the optimal device achieves impressive performance metrics, including a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.28%, an open‐circuit voltage of 0.98 V, a short‐circuit current of 23.80 mA cm−2, and a fill factor of 74.08%. This represents the highest PCE achieved to date in the annealing‐free preparation of perovskite films for printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, devices based on this binary solvent system exhibit remarkable stability, with almost no loss in efficiency even after 120 days of storage in an air environment without encapsulation.
Intersectionality approach to mental health for Black men in student affairs
Authors: Quayson Felix , Ofori‐Yentumi Philip 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNavigating higher education can be a challenging experience for Black men. Among these, Black men often face unique mental health challenges stemming from systemic racism, cultural expectations, and societal pressures. Addressing their specific needs requires a comprehensive approach. However, supporting Black men's mental health in higher education involves a multi‐faceted approach. By actively recognizing their challenges and ensuring resources cater to their specific needs, we can create an environment where all Black men can thrive in student affairs services. In this article, we used Chapman‐Hilliard and Adams‐Bass's theoretical framework of Black Liberation Psychology to guide our analysis of the mental health challenges that Black men face in student affairs.
Brother, We Got You: A collective impact approach to addressing Black college men's mental health
Authors: Johnson Jarrel T. , Florestal‐Kevelier Raphael D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigher education administrators, faculty, and staff across diverse institutional contexts grapple with college students' persisting and increasing mental health concerns. Further, recent research has discussed mental health challenges Black collegians encounter, exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Mental health issues among Black college students vary based on several factors (e.g., institutional type, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality). Research has demonstrated the various mental health trepidations Black men navigate at institutional campuses. Informed by a collective impact framework, we explored how higher education institutional stakeholders can collaboratively labor to drive solutions for promoting Black college men's mental health and well‐being. This article begins by broadly reviewing the literature on Black men's mental health in and outside collegiate settings. Next, we discussed the collective impact framework and how it can aid in expanding and advancing transformative mental health programs and services for Black college men. This article concluded with implications for future practices and programmatic considerations within collegiate environments.