bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxol induces paraptosis independent of both protein synthesis and MAPK pathway
Authors: Sun Qingrui , Chen Tongsheng , Wang Xiaoping , Wei Xunbin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOur recent studies have shown that high concentration of taxol induced a caspase‐independent paraptosis‐like cell death and cytoplasmic vacuolization derived predominantly from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swelling in human lung carcinoma cell lines (ASTC‐a‐1). In this report, we further explored the relationship between taxol‐induced cell death and vacuolization, and the roles of protein synthesis, mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinases (MEK), c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and P38 in taxol‐induced paraptosis. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was used to probe the cell morphological change, while ER‐targeted red fluorescent protein (er‐RFP) was used to probe ER spatial distribution. Real‐time monitoring of the ER swelling dynamics during the formation of vacuolization inside single living cells co‐expressing EGFP and er‐RFP further demonstrated that taxol‐induced cytoplasmic vacuolization was from the ER restructuring due to fusion and swelling. PI staining showed that taxol‐induced vacuolization was not necrosis. These results further demonstrated that the taxol‐induced cell death was neither apoptosis nor necrosis, and fitted the criteria of paraptosis characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization, caspase‐independence, lack of apoptotic morphology and insensitivity to broad caspase inhibitor. Our data further indicated that taxol‐induced paraptosis required neither protein synthesis nor the participation of MEK, JNK, and P38, which was different from the insulin‐like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR)‐induced paraptosis. These results suggest that high concentration of taxol activates an alternative paraptotic cell death pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 421–432, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of bone‐derived matrices on generation of bone in an ectopic rat model
Authors: Bahar H. , Yaffe A. , Boskey A. , Binderman I. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMost bone regeneration experimental models that test bone‐derived matrices take place in conjunction with the native bone. Here, we compared the relative effectiveness of bone matrix components on bone‐marrow‐directed osteogenesis in an ectopic model. Cortical bone cylinders consisted of diaphysis of DA rat femurs. They were either demineralized (DBM), deproteinized (HABM), or nontreated (MBM). Fresh bone marrow was placed into cylinders and implanted at subcutaneous thoracic sites of 2‐month‐old DA rats. At designated times the cylinders were surgically removed from the animals. Microradiographs of DBM and histology of DBM and MBM cylinders demonstrated progressive increase in mineralized bone volume and its trabecular configuration. Bone filled the inner volume of DBM and MBM cylinders within 4 weeks, while in HABM cylinders mostly granulation tissue developed. In the DBM cylinders cartilage deposited within 10 days, while in the MBM cylinders bone was directly deposited. As early as day 3 after marrow transplantation, marrow cells interacting with DBM increased significantly the genes that express the cartilage and the bone phenotype. In conclusion, organic components of bone are needed for marrow‐directed osteogenesis. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:664–670, 2010
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐7 enhances fracture healing in an ischemic environment
Authors: Lu Chuanyong , Xing Zhiqing , Yu Yan‐yiu , Colnot Celine , Miclau Theodore , Marcucio Ralph S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIschemia predisposes orthopedic trauma patients to delayed fracture healing or nonunion. The goal of this study was to test the ability of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) to stimulate fracture repair in an ischemic environment. Ischemic fractures were generated in male adult mice by resecting the femoral artery prior to the creation of a nonstabilized tibia fracture. Recombinant human BMP7 (rhBMP7, 50 µg) was injected into the fracture site immediately after surgery. At 7 days after injury, more tissue vascularization was observed in rhBMP7 treated fractures. Histomorphometric analyses revealed that rhBMP7 induced more cartilage at day 7, more callus and bone at days 14 and 28, and more adipose tissue and fibrous tissue at days 7, 14, and 28 compared to controls (n = 5/group/time). At day 28, all fractures treated with rhBMP7 (50 µg, n = 5) healed, whereas only three of five control fractures exhibited slight bony bridging. In addition, we found that rhBMP7 (both 10 and 50 µg) significantly increased the amount of cartilage compared to controls in stabilized fractures, confirming its chondrogenic effect. Lastly, using bone marrow transplantation, we determined that no donor‐derived osteocytes or chondrocytes were present in rhBMP7‐treated fractures, suggesting rhBMP7 did not recruit mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow to the fracture site. In conclusion, our results indicate that rhBMP7 is a promising treatment for fractures with severely disrupted blood supply. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:687–696, 2010
Lack of quadriceps dysfunction in women with early knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Thomas Abbey C. , Sowers MaryFran , Karvonen‐Gutierrez Carrie , Palmieri‐Smith Riann M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractQuadriceps dysfunction, specifically weakness and central activation failure (CAF), has been implicated in the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA), though few data are available to confirm its presence in early OA. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction in those with and without early knee OA. Thirty‐five female volunteers were classified into two groups, OA (n = 22) and control (n = 13), based on the presence [Kellgren‐Lawrence (K‐L) grade 2] or absence (K‐L grade 0–1) of mild OA, respectively. Isometric quadriceps strength and central activation ratio (CAR) were assessed and compared between groups utilizing a one‐way ANOVA. Frequency statistics and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the percentage of women with and without CAF between groups. Quadriceps strength (control: 1.47 ± 0.62 Nm/kg; OA: 1.30 ± 0.62 Nm/kg; p = 0.45) was not significantly different for women with and without mild OA. Further, the CAR (control: 0.91 ± 0.07; OA: 0.87 ± 0.12; p = 0.19) did not differ between groups; however, women in both groups presented with CAF (control: 54%; OA: 73%; p = 0.29). Our results suggest that the women with mild osteoarthritis do not present with quadriceps dysfunction. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:595–599, 2010
Mechanobiological response of tendon stem cells: Implications of tendon homeostasis and pathogenesis of tendinopathy
Authors: Zhang Jianying , Wang James H‐C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTendons are constantly subjected to mechanical loading in vivo. Recently, stem cells were identified in human, mouse, and rabbit tendons, but the mechanobiological responses of tendon stem cells (TSCs) are still undefined. Using an in vitro system capable of mimicking in vivo loading conditions, it was determined that mechanical stretching increased TSC proliferation in a stretching magnitude‐dependent manner. Moreover, low mechanical stretching at 4% (“clamp‐to‐clamp” engineering strain) promoted differentiation of TSCs into tenocytes, whereas large stretching at 8% induced differentiation of some TSCs into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages, as indicated by upregulated expression of marker genes for adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Thus, low mechanical stretching may be beneficial to tendons by enabling differentiation of TSCs into tenocytes to maintain tendon homeostasis. However, large mechanical loading may be detrimental, as it directs differentiation of TSCs into non‐tenocytes in tendons, thus resulting in lipid accumulation, mucoid formation, and tissue calcification, which are typical features of tendinopathy at later stages. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:639–643, 2010
FT‐Raman, FT‐IR spectral and DFT studies on 6, 8‐dichloroflavone and 6, 8‐dibromoflavone
Authors: Erdogdu Yusuf , Unsalan Ozan , Gulluoglu M. Tahir 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this study, experimental and theoretical vibrational spectral results of the molecular structures of 6,8‐dichloroflavone (6,8‐dcf) and 6,8‐dibromoflavone (6,8‐dbf) are presented. The FT‐IR and FT‐Raman spectra of the compounds have been recorded together between 4000 and 400 cm−1and 3500–5 cm−1regions, respectively. The molecular geometry and vibrational wavenumbers of 6,8‐dcf and 6,8‐dbf in their ground state have been calculated by using DFT/B3LYP functional, with 6‐31 + + G(d,p) basis set used in calculations. All calculations were performed with Gaussian03 software. The obtained vibrational wavenumbers and optimized geometric parameters were seen to be in good agreement with the experimental data. Scale factors have been used in order to compare how the calculated and experimental data are in agreement. Theoretical infrared intensities are also reported. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density functional theory calculation and vibrational spectral analysis of 4‐hydroxy‐3‐(3‐oxo‐1‐phenylbutyl)‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐one
Authors: Amalanathan M. , Hubert Joe I. , Kostova Irena 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Fourier transform infrared (4000–400 cm−1) and Fourier transform Raman (3500–500 cm−1) spectra of 4‐hydroxy‐3‐(3‐oxo‐1‐phenylbutyl)‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐one (Warfarin) have been measured and calculated. The structure optimization has been made using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Complete vibrational assignments of the observed spectra have been compared with theoretical wavenumbers. The wavenumber increasing in the methyl group shows the electronic hyperconjugation effect. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis reveals the hyperconjugation interaction and the intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The first‐order hyperpolarizability has been calculated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic field homogenization of the human prefrontal cortex with a set of localized electrical coils
Authors: Juchem Christoph , Nixon Terence W. , McIntyre Scott , Rothman Douglas L. , de Graaf Robin A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe prefrontal cortex is a common target brain structure in psychiatry and neuroscience due to its role in working memory and cognitive control. Large differences in magnetic susceptibility between the air‐filled sinuses and the tissue/bone in the frontal part of the human head cause a strong and highly localized magnetic field focus in the prefrontal cortex. As a result, image distortion and signal dropout are observed in MR imaging. A set of external electrical coils is presented that provides localized and high‐amplitude shim fields in the prefrontal cortex, with minimum impact on the rest of the brain when combined with regular zero‐ to second‐order spherical harmonics shimming. The experimental realization of the new shim method strongly minimized or even eliminated signal dropout in gradient‐echo images acquired at settings typically used in functional magnetic resonance at 4 T. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of the relaxivity definition on the quantitative measurement of glycosaminoglycans in cartilage by the MRI dGEMRIC method
Authors: Zheng ShaoKuan , Xia Yang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe relaxivities (R‐values) of the gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd(DTPA)2−) ions in a series of skim‐milk solutions at 0–40% milk concentrations were measured using NMR spectroscopy. The R‐value was found to be approximately linearly proportional to the concentration of the solid component in the milk solution. Using the R‐value at 20% solid component (approximately the solid concentration in bovine nasal cartilage), the glycosaminoglycan concentration in bovine nasal cartilage can be quantified using the MRI delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartilage method without the customary scaling factor of 2. This finding is also supported by the measurements using 23Na NMR spectroscopy, 23Na inductively coupled plasma analysis, and biochemical assay. The choice of the R‐value definition in the MRI delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartilage method is discussed, and the definition of Gd(DTPA)2− ions as “millimole per volume of tissue (or milk solution for substitution)” should be used. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An MR‐compatible bicycle ergometer for in‐magnet whole‐body human exercise testing
Authors: Jeneson Jeroen A. L. , Schmitz Joep P. J. , Hilbers Peter A. J. , Nicolay Klaas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn MR‐compatible ergometer was developed for in‐magnet whole‐body human exercise testing. Designed on the basis of conventional mechanically braked bicycle ergometers and constructed from nonferrous materials, the ergometer was implemented on a 1.5‐T whole‐body MR scanner. A spectrometer interface was constructed using standard scanner hardware, complemented with custom‐built parts and software to enable gated data acquisition during exercise. High‐quality 31P NMR spectra were reproducibly obtained from the medial head of the quadriceps muscle of the right leg of eight healthy subjects during two‐legged high‐frequency pedaling (80 revolutions per minute) at three incremental workloads, including maximal. Muscle phosphocreatine content dropped 82%, from 32.2 ± 1.0 mM at rest to 5.7 ± 1.1 mM at maximal workload (mean ± standard error; n = 8), indicating that the majority of quadriceps motor units were recruited. The cardiovascular load of the exercise was likewise significant, as evidenced by heart rates of 150 (±10%) beats per minute, measured immediately afterward. As such, the newly developed MR bicycling exercise equipment offers a powerful new tool for clinical musculoskeletal and cardiovascular MR investigation. The basic design of the ergometer is highly generic and adaptable for application on a wide selection of whole‐body MR scanners. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase‐unwrapping algorithm for translation extraction from spherical navigator echoes
Authors: Liu Junmin , Drangova Maria 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSpherical navigator echoes have been shown to determine rigid‐body rotation and translation simultaneously. Following the determination of rotation, translations are determined from the phase change between the baseline and transformed spherical navigator echoes. Because the measured phase change is limited in the interval (−π, π), a phase‐unwrapping algorithm is required to recover the true phase change in absolute values. The unwrapping algorithm presented in this article is based on a priori information about the true translation‐induced phase‐change function. The algorithm is verified using simulation and in vivo experiments, and the accuracy and precision of translation determination are evaluated. Specifically, the effects of background and off‐resonance‐induced phase noise are explored. When the proposed phase‐unwrapping algorithm was used, translations up to 15 mm were measured, with accuracy better than 5%; for translations up to 40 mm, an error of approximately 10% was observed. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Longitudinal analysis of MRI T2 knee cartilage laminar organization in a subset of patients from the osteoarthritis initiative
Authors: Carballido‐Gamio Julio , Blumenkrantz Gabrielle , Lynch John A. , Link Thomas M. , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this pilot study was to longitudinally quantify the T2 laminar integrity of knee cartilage in a subset of subjects with osteoarthritis from the Osteoarthritis Initiative at baseline, 1‐year follow‐up, and 2‐year follow‐up. Cartilage from 13 subjects was divided into six compartments and subdivided into deep and superficial layers. At each time point, mean T2 values in superficial and deep layers were compared. Longitudinal analysis included full‐thickness mean T2, mean deep T2, mean superficial T2, mean T2 laminar difference, mean percentage T2 laminar difference, and two‐dimensional measures of cartilage thickness. More compartments showed significantly higher superficial T2 than deep T2 values at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up compared to 2‐year follow‐up. No significant longitudinal changes of full‐thickness mean T2 and superficial T2 values were observed. Significant longitudinal changes were observed in the deep T2 values, T2 laminar difference, and percentage T2 laminar difference. Cartilage thickness had no influence on T2 analysis. Results of this study suggest that laminar analysis may improve the sensitivity to detect longitudinal T2 changes and that disruption of the T2 laminar organization of knee cartilage may be present in knee osteoarthritis progressors. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate the potential of the presented methodology to better characterize evolution and pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An expandable catheter loop coil for intravascular MRI in larger blood vessels
Authors: Homagk Ann‐Kathrin , Umathum Reiner , Korn Matthias , Weber Marc‐André , Hallscheidt Peter , Semmler Wolfhard , Bock Michael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe present study proposes a catheter system with an expandable coil etched on a polyimide foil. The catheter system combines the advantages of a small insertion diameter when the coil is rolled up in a protective carrier sheath with an increased signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and penetration depth when the coil is pushed out. After imaging, the coil can be retracted into the sheath and folded back into the initial rolled‐up configuration due to the tapered geometry of the carrier foil. The catheter system was tested on two healthy anesthetized pigs, including tracking and high‐resolution intravascular imaging. To reduce artifacts in high‐resolution images induced by catheter motion in the pulsatile blood flow, a motion‐gating method was implemented that combines a flow‐compensated two‐dimensional fast low angle shot (FLASH) imaging sequence with the acquisition of projection data for retrospective gating. Using the projection data for motion detection, image SNR was increased by up to 500% over uncorrected images, and anatomic structures of 150 μm size could be differentiated in the aorta. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The illusion of severe carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Authors: Gutmann Ludwig , Nance Christopher 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThenar atrophy occurs in patients with severe carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) of long‐standing duration. In this report we present a young woman with mild bilateral CTS, based on electrophysiological studies, in whom marked thenar atrophy was on a congenital basis related to the VATER association (vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, and radial or renal abnormalities). Muscle Nerve, 2010
Diabetic neuropathy: Electrophysiological and morphological study of peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration in transgenic mice that express IFNβ in β cells
Authors: Serafín Anna , Molín Jessica , Márquez Merce , Blasco Ester , Vidal Enric , Foradada Laia , Añor Sonia , Rabanal Rosa M. , Fondevila Dolors , Bosch Fàtima , Pumarola Martí 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDiabetic neuropathy is one of the most frequent complications in diabetes but there are no treatments beyond glucose control, due in part to the lack of an appropriate animal model to assess an effective therapy. This study was undertaken to characterize the degenerative and regenerative responses of peripheral nerves after induced sciatic nerve damage in transgenic rat insulin I promoter / human interferon beta (RIP/IFNβ) mice made diabetic with a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) as an animal model of diabetic complications. In vivo, histological and immunohistological studies of cutaneous and sciatic nerves were performed after left sciatic crush. Functional tests, cutaneous innervation, and sciatic nerve evaluation showed pronounced neurological reduction in all groups 2 weeks after crush. All animals showed a gradual recovery but this was markedly slower in diabetic animals in comparison with normoglycemic animals. The delay in regeneration in diabetic RIP/IFNβ mice resulted in an increase in active Schwann cells and regenerating neurites 8 weeks after surgery. These findings indicate that diabetic‐RIP/IFNβ animals mimic human diabetic neuropathy. Moreover, when these animals are submitted to nerve crush they have substantial deficits in nerve regrowth, similar to that observed in diabetic patients. When wildtype animals were treated with the same dose of STZ, no differences were observed with respect to nontreated animals, indicating that low doses of STZ and the transgene are not implicated in development of the degenerative and regenerative events observed in our study. All these findings indicate that RIP/IFNβ transgenic mice are a good model for diabetic neuropathy. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Generalized finite element enrichment functions for discontinuous gradient fields
Authors: Aragón Alejandro M. , Duarte C. Armando , Geubelle Philippe H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA general GFEM/XFEM formulation is presented to solve two‐dimensional problems characterized by C0 continuity with gradient jumps along discrete lines, such as those found in the thermal and structural analysis of heterogeneous materials or in line load problems in homogeneous media. The new enrichment functions presented in this paper allow solving problems with multiple intersecting discontinuity lines, such as those found at triple junctions in polycrystalline materials and in actively cooled microvascular materials with complex embedded networks. We show how the introduction of enrichment functions yields accurate finite element solutions with meshes that do not conform to the geometry of the discontinuity lines. The use of the proposed enrichments in both linear and quadratic approximations is investigated, as well as their combination with interface enrichment functions available in the literature. Through a detailed convergence study, we demonstrate that quadratic approximations do not require any correction to the method to recover optimal convergence rates and that they perform better than linear approximations for the same number of degrees of freedom in the solution of these types of problems. In the linear case, the effectiveness of correction functions proposed in the literature is also investigated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.