bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and Property Characterizations of Dual‐Responsive Core–Shell Tecto Dendrimers for Tumor Penetration and Gene Delivery Applications
Authors: Liu Junjie , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Xiaolei , Ni Cheng , Liu Lei , Bányai István , Shi Xiangyang , Song Cong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCore–shell tecto dendrimers (CSTDs) with excellent physicochemical properties and good tumor penetration and gene transfection efficiency have been demonstrated to have the potential to replace high‐generation dendrimers in biomedical applications. However, their characterization and related biological properties of CSTDs for enhanced tumor penetration and gene delivery still lack in‐depth investigation. Herein, three types of dual‐responsive CSTDs are designed for thorough physicochemical characterization and investigation of their tumor penetration and gene delivery efficiency. Three types of CSTDs are prepared through phenylborate ester bonds of phenylboronic acid (PBA)‐decorated generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers as cores and monose (galactose, glucose, or mannose)‐conjugated G3 PAMAM dendrimers as shells and thoroughly characterized via NMR and other techniques. It is shown that the produced CSTDs display strong correlation signals between the PBA and monose protons, similar hydrodynamic diameters, and dual reactive oxygen species‐ and pH‐responsivenesses. The dual‐responsive CSTDs are proven to have structure‐dependent tumor penetration property and gene delivery efficiency in terms of small interference RNA for gene silencing and plasmid DNA for gene editing, thus revealing a great potential for different biomedical applications.
Bibliometric and visual analysis of severe trauma literature in the past 20 years
Authors: Chang Panpan , Li Rui , Wang Zhongqing , Chong Wei , Wang Tianbing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSevere trauma is a critical aspect of medical practice, profoundly impacting patient care and outcomes. Over the past 20 years, advancements in trauma care concepts and the utilization of advanced technologies have led to substantial growth in severe trauma research, evidenced by a notable increase in research activity and subsequent publications. To understand the publication landscape in severe trauma, identify prevailing research trends, and highlight areas requiring further development for future insights, we conducted a bibliometric analysis. Our analysis indicates that there are 16,939 severe trauma‐related publications from the past 20 years, with a continuous increase in publication volume, particularly showing a rapid growth trend from 2018 to 2021. The United States leads in both volume and citation frequency. Moreover, we synthesized data on productive countries/regions and research institutions, showcasing extensive collaboration across diverse geographic locations and institutional affiliations. Substantial progress has been achieved in severe trauma research, particularly in clinical diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, prevention, and pathogenesis. However, there is still a gap in adopting cutting‐edge interdisciplinary methodologies. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of severe trauma research and suggests pathways for future advancement.
Predicting the effect of cooling rates and initial hydrogen concentrations on porosity formation in Al‐Si castings
Authors: Hou Qinghuai , Wang Junsheng , Miao Yisheng , Li Xingxing , Wu Xuelong , Li Zhongyao , Tian Guangyuan , Kong Decai , Ma Xiaoying , Qiao Haibo , Wang Wenbo , Lang Yuling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAl‐Si alloys are widely used in automotive casting components while microporosity has always been a detrimental defect that leads to property degradation. In this study, a coupled three‐dimensional cellular automata (CA) model has been used to predict the hydrogen porosity as functions of cooling rate and initial hydrogen concentration. By quantifying the pore characteristics, it has been found that the average equivalent pore diameter decreases from 40.43 to 23.98 μm and the pore number density increases from 10.3 to 26.6 mm−3 as the cooling rate changes from 2.6 to 19.4°C/s at the initial hydrogen concentration of 0.25 mL/100 g. It is also notable that the pore size increases as the initial hydrogen concentration changes from 0.15 to 0.25 mL/100 g while the pore number remains stable. In addition, the linear regression between secondary dendrite arm spacing and the equivalent pore diameter has been studied for the first time, matching well with experiments. This work exhibits the application of CA model in future process optimization and robust condition design for advanced automotive parts made of Al‐Si alloys.
Bidirectional passive optical interconnected data center
Authors: Lu Yang , Xu Kaiqiang , Lu Zhijun , Yang Haoyu , Zhai Yanrong , Bi Meihua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA novel bidirectional passive optical interconnection is proposed for data centers (DCs). The interconnection is based on a coupler of arrayed waveguide grating. The nodes distribute on both sides and simultaneously, bidirectional transmission is allowed. Compared with the traditional passive optical interconnected DCs, the scale is doubled, and the throughput is increased. The crosstalk in simultaneously bidirectional transmission is tested and the results show it is very little. The transmission between the nodes on the same side is relayed by one node on the other side. Some relay methods are proposed, and the relay efficiency is evaluated.
A biodegradable polymer stent with high radial performance: Potential for treatment of portal vein stenosis
Authors: Liu Wentao , Wang Bin , Hu Xue , Lv Jian , Zhao Gutian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiodegradable polymer stents have a wide application prospect in the treatment of vascular stenosis diseases. However, weak radial performance of polymer stents hinders the treatment of the diseases with high demand for radial supporting, such as portal vein stenosis. According to previous research, the constraint mode between monofilaments is a key factor that affects the radial performance of polymer braided stent. In this work, a series of Poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) stents with the elastomer coating were prepared by ultrasonic spraying process to realize the constraints of monofilament cross points. The results are showed that the radial stiffness and peak force of the coated stent are significantly increased, up to 28 and 35 times higher than that of the bare stent. It is found that the cross points are constrained by the coating, which improves the constraining force between the monofilaments resulting in the increase of the radial force during the deformation process. More importantly, the mechanism of action between the radial force of the coated stent and the mechanical performance of elastic coating has been proposed, revealing a significant positive correlation between them. The radial force of the coated stent could be quantitatively regulated by the six‐arm poly(l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (6SPLCL) coating cross‐linked by Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in different proportions. Finally, we build a mechanical model of stents and find that there is a consistency between the theoretical curve and the actual curve trend. This provides further research and expands the application scope for improving the radial supporting performance of the biodegradable polymer stent.
Choriocarcinoma in neonates and infants: A severe but curable disease
Authors: Castex Marie Pierre , Stefanowicz Joanna , Clement Laura , Węcławek‐Tompol Jadwiga , Hameury Frederic , Fresneau Brice , Irtan Sabine , Brunac Anne Cecile , Januszkiewicz‐Lewandowska Danuta , Lacour Brigitte , Faure‐Conter Cécile , Orbach Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChoriocarcinoma in neonates and infants (N‐CC) is an extremely rare, but aggressive cancer, frequently observed with concomitant maternal disease. A retrospective, bi‐national study of patients treated in France and Poland for infantile choriocarcinoma analysed eight cases of N‐CC, median age of 6 weeks. All tumours were diffuse. Six patients received a platinum‐based regimen, and five had delayed surgery on residual distant tumour sites. At the end of follow‐up, four patients were in complete remission and four had died of the disease. In all but two cases, mothers had simultaneous metastatic choriocarcinoma. Even if the outcome remains poor, patients could be cured with multimodal therapy.
Pain, disability, and quality of life in participants after concurrent onabotulinumtoxinA treatment of upper and lower limb spasticity: Observational results from the ASPIRE study
Authors: Bavikatte Ganesh , Francisco Gerard E. , Jost Wolfgang H. , Baricich Alessio , Duarte Esther , Tang Simon F. T. , Schwartz Marc , Nelson Mariana , Musacchio Tiziana , Esquenazi Alberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionUpper and lower limb spasticity is commonly associated with central nervous system disorders including stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury, but little is known about the concurrent treatment of upper and lower limb spasticity with botulinum toxins.ObjectiveTo evaluate onabotulinumtoxinA (onabotA) utilization and to determine if concurrent onabotA treatment of the upper and lower limbs has supported improvements in participants with spasticity.DesignSub‐analysis of a 2‐year, international, prospective, observational registry (ASPIRE, NCT01930786).SettingInternational clinic sites (54).ParticipantsAdult spasticity participants across etiologies, who received ≥1 concurrent onabotA treatment of the upper and lower limbs during the study.InterventionParticipants were treated with onabotA at the clinician's discretion.OutcomesBaseline characteristics and outcomes of disability (Disability Assessment Scale [DAS]), pain (Numeric Pain Rating Scale [NPRS]), participant satisfaction, physician satisfaction, and quality of life (QoL; Spasticity Impact Assessment [SIA]) were evaluated. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study.ResultsOf 744 participants enrolled, 730 received ≥1 dose of onabotA; 275 participants received treatment with onabotA in both upper and lower limbs during ≥1 session; 39.3% of participants were naïve to onabotA for spasticity. The mean (SD) total dose per treatment session ranged from 421.2 (195.3) to 499.6 (188.6) U. The most common baseline upper limb presentation was clenched fist (n = 194, 70.5%); lower limb was equinovarus foot (n = 219, 66.9%). High physician and participant satisfaction and improvements in pain, disability and QoL were reported after most treatments. Nine participants (3.3%) reported nine treatment‐related adverse events; two participants (0.7%) reported three serious treatment‐related severe adverse events. No new safety signals were identified.ConclusionMore than a third of enrolled participants received at least one concurrent onabotA treatment of the upper and lower limbs, with reduced pain, disability, and improved QoL after treatment, consistent with the established safety profile of onabotA for the treatment of spasticity.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization matrix incorporation evaluation algorithm for improved peak coverage and signal‐to‐noise ratio in mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Kuzin Andrey A. , Sobolev Daniil I. , Eliferov Vasiliy A. , Stupnikova Galina S. , Popov Igor A. , Nikolaev Eugene N. , Pekov Stanislav I. 
Published: May 2024

RationaleDespite decades of implementation, the selection of optimal sample preparation conditions for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging is still ambiguous due to the lack of a universal and comprehensive evaluation methodology. Thus, numerous experiments with different matrix application conditions accompany a translation of the method to novel sample types and matrices.MethodsMouse brain tissues were covered with 9‐aminoacridine through sublimation, followed by recrystallization in vapors of 5% (v/v) methanol solution in water. The samples were analyzed by MALDI time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, and the efficiency of lipid and small‐molecule ionization was evaluated with different metrics.ResultsWe first investigate the dependency of matrix density and recrystallization conditions on the thickness of an analyte‐empty matrix layer to roughly evaluate the laser shot number required to obtain an intense signal with minimal noise. Then, we introduce metrics for the analysis of small imaging datasets (small sample regions) of model samples based on median quantity of peaks in spectra (medQP) and weighted median signal‐to‐noise ratio (wmSNR). The evaluation of small regions and taking median values for metrics help overcome the sample heterogeneity and allow for the simultaneous comparison of different acquisition parameters.ConclusionsHere, we propose a methodology based on gradual laser ablation of small regions of sample and further implementation of weighted signal‐to‐noise ratio to assess various matrix application conditions. The proposed approach helps reduce the number of test samples required to determine optimal sample preparation conditions and improve the overall quality of images.
Improved detection in untargeted lipidomics through silver‐doped infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization
Authors: Eisenberg Seth M. , Muddiman David C. 
Published: May 2024

RationaleSilver doping of electrospray is known to increase the abundance of olefinic compounds detected by mass spectrometry. While demonstrated in targeted experiments, this has yet to be investigated in an untargeted study. Utilizing infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (IR‐MALDESI‐MSI), an untargeted lipidomics experiment on mouse liver was performed to evaluate the advantages of silver‐doped electrospray.Methods10 ppm silver nitrate was doped into the IR‐MALDESI solvent consisting of 60% acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid. Using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer in positive ionization mode, MSI was performed, analyzing from m/z 150 to m/z 2000 to capture all lipids with potential silver adducts. The lipids detected in the control and silver‐doped electrosprays were compared by annotating using the LIPID MAPS Structural Database and eliminating false positives using the metabolite annotation confidence score.ResultsSilver‐doped electrospray allowed for the detection of such ions of lipid molecules as [M + H]+ or [M + NH4]+ and as [M + Ag]+. Among the ions seen as [M + H]+ or [M + NH4]+, the signal was comparable between the control and silver‐doped electrosprays. The silver‐doped electrospray led to a 10% increase in the number of detected lipids, all of which contained a bay region increasing the interaction between silver and alkenes. Silver preferentially interacted with lipids that did not contain hard bases such as phosphates.ConclusionsSilver‐doped electrospray enabled detection of 10% more olefinic lipids, all containing bay regions in their putative structures. This technique is valuable for detecting previously unobserved lipids that have the potential to form bay regions, namely fatty acyls, glycerolipids, prenol lipids, and polyketides.
Unprecedented Richness of Temperature‐ and Pressure‐Induced Polymorphism in 1D Lead Iodide Perovskite
Authors: Saski Marcin , Sobczak Szymon , Ratajczyk Paulina , Terlecki Michał , Marynowski Wojciech , Borkenhagen Aleksandra , Justyniak Iwona , Katrusiak Andrzej , Lewiński Janusz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInherent features of metal halide perovskites are their softness, complex lattice dynamics, and phase transitions spectacularly tuning their structures and properties. While the structural transformations are well described and classified in 3D perovskites, their 1D analogs are much less understood. Herein, both temperature‐ and pressure‐dependent structural evolutions of a 1D AcaPbI3 perovskitoid incorporating acetamidinium (Aca) cation are examined. The study reveals the existence of nine phases of δ‐AcaPbI3, which present the most diverse polymorphic collection among known perovskite materials. Interestingly, temperature‐ and pressure‐triggered phase transitions in the 1D perovskotoid exhibit fundamentally different natures: the thermal transformations are mainly associated with the collective translations of rigid polyanionic units and ordering/disordering dynamics of Aca cations, while the compression primarily affects inorganic polymer chains. Moreover, in the 1‐D chains featuring the face‐sharing connection mode of the PbI6 octahedra the Pb···Pb distances are significantly shortened compared to the corner‐sharing 3D perovskite frameworks, hence operating in the van der Waals territory. Strikingly, a good correlation is found between the Pb···Pb distances and the pressure evolution of the bandgap values in the δ‐AcaPbI3, indicating that in 1D perovskitoid structures, the contacts between Pb2+ ions are one of the critical parameters determining their properties.
Recent development on the design, preparation, and application of stretchable conductors for flexible energy harvest and storage devices
Authors: Cheng Minhan , Tian Ke , Qin Tian , Li Qianyang , Deng Hua , Fu Qiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe intensifying energy crisis has made it urgent to develop robust and reliable next‐generation energy systems. Except for conventional large‐scale energy sources, the imperceptible and randomly distributed energy embedded in daily life awaits comprehensive exploration and utilization. Harnessing the latent energy has the potential to facilitate the further evolution of soft energy systems. Compared with rigid energy devices, flexible energy devices are more convenient and suitable for harvesting and storing energy from dynamic and complex structures such as human skin. Stretchable conductors that are capable of withstanding strain (≫1%) while sustaining stable conductive pathways are prerequisites for realizing flexible electronic energy devices. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of these conductors and evaluating the feasibility of their fabrication strategies are particularly critical. In this review, various preparation methods for stretchable conductors are carefully classified and analyzed. Furthermore, recent progress in the application of energy harvesting and storage based on these conductors is discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and promising opportunities in the development of stretchable conductors and integrated flexible energy devices are highlighted, seeking to inspire their future research directions.
Emerging high‐entropy material electrodes for metal‐ion batteries
Authors: Shen Jianyu , Zeng Zhen , Tang Weihua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐entropy materials (HEMs) have recently attracted extensive research interest. Featuring unique structural characteristics and excellent mechanical/chemical properties, HEMs (especially high‐entropy alloys and oxides) emerge as promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage. We herein present a critical review to update the recent progress in developing new HEMs electrodes for various metal‐ion batteries. Their design principle is discussed along with the preparation, characterization, and electrochemical performance as electrode materials. The current state‐of‐the‐art HEM electrodes is presented, covering good capacity, rate capacity, and long‐term cycle stability in ion batteries. By addressing both the success and challenges associated with HEM development, this review contributes to the recent research efforts toward achieving higher capacity and more stable ion batteries.
The impact of land use and land cover change on the stream water quality in Limbe I municipality, Cameroon
Authors: Asmare Betelhem , Neculina Anyinkeng , Wubie Alemayehu , Egbe Awo Miranda , Charleine Djouego Sob , Ambo Fonge Beatrice 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInland aquatic ecosystems cover 0.1%–3.0% of Earth's surface. They provide different ecosystem services to the area, such as drinking water, transportation, and hydropower generation. However, increasing land use changes threaten their ecological integrity. This study aims to assess land use and land cover change and their impact on stream water quality in Limbe I municipality. The study was conducted in the rainy season, with sampling points chosen based on anthropogenic impacts. Hanna multi‐probe model number HI9829 was used for in‐situ measurements. The research detects and presents changes in the vegetation cover between three LULC maps (1990, 2010, and 2021). The result suggested that over the last 31 years, vegetation cover decreased by 8.1, 4.8, and 10.6 hectares, respectively. The settlement expanded by 23.5 hectares in the years 1990–2021. In situ measurements, temperature ranged from 23 to 25.8°C; pH, 8–9.4; DO, 1.0–5.9 mg/L; turbidity, 12.4–449.5 NTU; phosphorus, 1–3.4 mg/L. Iron ranges from 0.39 to 0.49 mg/L; cadmium from 0.025 to 0.03 mg/L; and lead from 0.07 to 0.15 mg/L. The heavy metal levels exceed the World Health Organization's acceptable limits for recreational water. The study indicated that the water quality was poor for swimming and aesthetic uses. Total bacteria count ranges from 8500 to 41,000 cfu/mL; total coliforms, 720–6400 cfu/mL; Escherichia coli, 65–300 cfu/mL; and salmonella, 1–46 cfu/mL. The water's bacteriological load indicates high fecal contamination and exceeds the World Health Organization's drinking water limit. LUCC has affected the physico‐chemical and bacteriological quality of the stream water. Hence, the stream needs continuous monitoring of the physico‐chemical and biological indicators to safeguard the aquatic ecosystem's environment and public health.
Determination of a pedotransfer function for specific air–water interfacial area in sandy soils: A pore network‐informed multigene genetic programming approach
Authors: Mirghafari Rasoul , Nikooee Ehsan , Raoof Amir , Habibagahi Ghassem 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding specific air–water interfacial area (SAWIA) is essential for characterizing and modeling various phenomena in vadose zone hydrology, such as virus and colloid transport, contaminant dissolution, evaporation, and the hydro‐mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils. Traditional measurement methods, including X‐ray imaging and tracer techniques, often encounter challenges, leading to a scarcity of studies that provide a reliable relationship for SAWIA. Currently, no pedotransfer function in the literature links SAWIA with saturation and suction using readily measurable soil properties such as median grain size and porosity. In this study, we initially developed a pore network model capable of predicting SAWIA by calibrating it with corresponding soil‐water retention curves (SWRCs). We then used these models to compile a comprehensive database of SAWIA for six sandy soils, for which experimental SWRCs were available, covering a range of median grain sizes and porosities. Utilizing this database, we established a pedotransfer function through multigene genetic programming. The accuracy of this function was validated against experimental data not previously used in its training and testing. Our parametric study indicated that increases in either porosity or median particle size led to a decrease in the regions exhibiting higher SAWIA in terms of saturation and suction.