bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying machine learning to Galactic Archaeology: how well can we recover the origin of stars in Milky Way-like galaxies?
Authors: Sante Andrea , Font Andreea S , Ortega-Martorell Sandra , Olier Ivan , McCarthy Ian G 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We present several machine learning (ML) models developed to efficiently separate stars formed in situ in Milky Way-type galaxies from those that were formed externally and later accreted. These models, which include examples from artificial neural networks, decision trees, and dimensionality reduction techniques, are trained on a sample of disc-like, Milky Way-mass galaxies drawn from the artemis cosmological hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations. We find that the input parameters which provide an optimal performance for these models consist of a combination of stellar positions, kinematics, chemical abundances ([Fe/H] and [α/Fe]), and photometric properties. Models from all categories perform similarly well, with area under the precision–recall curve (PR-AUC) scores of ≃ 0.6. Beyond a galactocentric radius of 5 kpc, models retrieve $\gt 90~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of accreted stars, with a sample purity close to 60 per cent, however the purity can be increased by adjusting the classification threshold. For one model, we also include host galaxy-specific properties in the training, to account for the variability of accretion histories of the hosts, however this does not lead to an improvement in performance. The ML models can identify accreted stars even in regions heavily dominated by the in-situ component (e.g. in the disc), and perform well on an unseen suite of simulations (the auriga simulations). The general applicability bodes well for application of such methods on observational data to identify accreted substructures in the Milky Way without the need to resort to selection cuts for minimizing the contamination from in-situ stars.
Making Mistakes Together: Therapy Participant, Parent, and Therapist Perspectives on Music Therapy in Two Different Settings
Authors: Devlin Kerry , Johnston Morgan , Johnston Cheryl 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The impact of setting and therapist perspective are explored through the shared experiences of Morgan (a therapy participant), Cheryl (a parent), and Kerry (a music therapist). Undertaken through a series of conversations, the authors identify three themes that reflect differences in the school setting and music therapy clinic where Morgan, a teenager with Down syndrome, participated in music therapy: (1) The structure and expectations of the setting, (2) the values of the setting, and (3) The perspectives of the people working in the setting. Each theme is explored in relation to these two settings, revealing important differences in the experiences and perceptions of each author. Further reflections provide opportunities for readers to consider their own perspectives with regard to music therapy service delivery, particularly in terms of how one aligns with, or is differentiated from, the setting in which they work.
Plain language abstract (written by Morgan) This project is about music therapy at school and at the clinic. Readers will learn how music therapy helps Morgan. People, like teachers, should read the project to know Morgan. Music therapists should read the project to be happy and proud. Please go to Appendix A for a plain language summary of the whole article.
From RNA sequence to its three-dimensional structure: geometrical structure, stability and dynamics of selected fragments of SARS-CoV-2 RNA
Authors: Gorb Leonid , Voiteshenko Ivan , Hurmach Vasyl , Zarudnaya Margarita , Nyporko Alex , Shyryna Tetiana , Platonov Maksym , Roszak Szczepan , Rasulev Bakhtiyor 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this computational study, we explore the folding of a particular sequence using various computational tools to produce two-dimensional structures, which are then transformed into three-dimensional structures. We then study the geometry, energetics and dynamics of these structures using full electron quantum-chemical and classical molecular dynamics calculations. Our study focuses on the SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragment GGaGGaGGuguugcaGG and its various structures, including a G-quadruplex and five different hairpins. We examine the impact of two types of counterions (K+ and Na+) and flanking nucleotides on their geometrical characteristics, relative stability and dynamic properties. Our results show that the G-quadruplex structure is the most stable among the constructed hairpins. We confirm its topological stability through molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, we observe that the nucleotide loop consisting of seven nucleotides is the most flexible part of the RNA fragment. Additionally, we find that RNA networks of intermolecular hydrogen bonds are highly sensitive to the surrounding environment. Our findings reveal the loss of 79 old hydrogen bonds and the formation of 91 new ones in the case when the G-quadruplex containing flanking nucleotides is additionally stabilized by Na+ counterions.
Risk factors for domain-specific neurocognitive outcome in pediatric survivors of a brain tumor in the posterior fossa—Results of the HIT 2000 trial
Authors: Mynarek Martin , Rossius Anne , Guiard Anika , Ottensmeier Holger , von Hoff Katja , Obrecht-Sturm Denise , Bußenius Lisa , Friedrich Carsten , von Bueren Andre O , Gerber Nicolas U , Traunwieser Thomas , Kortmann Rolf-Dieter , Warmuth-Metz Monika , Bison Brigitte , Thomale Ulrich-W , Krauss Juergen , Pietsch Torsten , Clifford Steven C , Pfister Stefan M , Sturm Dominik , Sahm Felix , Tischler Tanja , Rutkowski Stefan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Neurocognition can be severely affected in pediatric brain tumor survivors. We analyzed the association of cognitive functioning with radiotherapy dose, postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS), hydrocephalus, intraventricular methotrexate (MTX) application, tumor localization, and biology in pediatric survivors of a posterior fossa tumor.

Methods
Subdomain-specific neurocognitive outcome data from 279 relapse-free survivors of the HIT-2000 trial (241 medulloblastoma and 38 infratentorial ependymoma) using the Neuropsychological Basic Diagnostic tool based on Cattell–Horn–Carroll’s model for intelligence were analyzed.

Results
Cognitive performance 5.14 years (mean; range = 1.52–13.02) after diagnosis was significantly below normal for all subtests. Processing speed and psychomotor abilities were most affected. Influencing factors were domain-specific: CSI-dose had a strong impact on most subtests. pCMS was associated with psychomotor abilities (β = –0.25 to –0.16) and processing speed (β = –0.32). Postoperative hydrocephalus correlated with crystallized intelligence (β = –0.20) and short-term memory (β = –0.15), age with crystallized intelligence (β = 0.15) and psychomotor abilities (β = –0.16 and β = –0.17). Scores for fluid intelligence (β = –0.23), short-term memory (β = –0.17) and visual processing (β = –0.25) declined, and scores for selective attention improved (β = 0.29) with time after diagnosis.

Conclusions
The dose of CSI was strongly associated with neurocognitive outcomes. Low psychomotor abilities and processing speed both in patients treated with and without CSI suggest a strong contribution of the tumor and its surgery on these functions. Future research therefore should analyze strategies to both reduce CSI dose and toxicity caused by other treatment modalities.
Increased Taxes and Regulation of Indian Cigarillos (Bidi) Industry: Effects on Revenue and Years of Life Lost
Authors: Jain Yogesh Kumar , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Joshi Nitin Kumar , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Goel Akhil Dhanesh , Sharma Prem Prakash , Lal Pranay , Kapoor Shivam , Singh Rana Jugdeep 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Indian cigarillos (bidi) are low-cost alternatives to cigarettes with only 22% imposed taxes, and turnover of up to INR 4 million per annum exempted from taxation.

Aims and Methods
This paper estimates revenue implications and potential loss of life years (YLLs) averted if the bidi industry is subjected to increased regulations and taxation. Revenue estimates at 10% increased regulation and 100% regulation were calculated, followed by estimates at taxes equivalent to cigarettes and World Health Organization–Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO–FCTC) recommendation. Price elasticity was considered to assess demand. Price changes in separate fractions (previously regulated and unregulated) were calculated to obtain potential YLLs averted.

Results
Current revenue of USD 59.25 million is projected to increase to USD 179.25 million with 695 159 averted YLLs at cigarette equivalent taxes and 10% increased regulation; USD 639.38 million with 4 527 597 averted YLLs with 100% regulation; USD 54.75 million, at WHO recommended taxes with 2 233 740 YLLs averted at 10% increased regulation, and 10 486 192 YLLs at 100% regulation.

Conclusions
Proposed estimates are in line with WHO recommendations as they consider price elasticity and suggest a substantial increase in revenue while averting YLLs. A national action is needed to drive the policy decisions towards increased regulation and taxation and revision of India’s tobacco control legislation.

Implications
Our study presented empirical evidence of how the currently underutilized tool of taxation, as proposed in the WHO–FCTC, can be utilized to decrease bidi smoking prevalence and save measurable life years while generating government revenue simultaneously. While the revenue statistics counter the misleading tobacco industry narratives, the projected reduction in mortality will be seen as an irrefutable driving force for policy reforms, targeted at the strategic increase in regulation and taxation of the traditional Indian cigarillos industry.
A phase II trial of UGT1A1 genotype-guided FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line therapy for advanced, unresectable colorectal cancer
Authors: Sanoff Hanna K , Deal Allison M , Patel Jai , Sorah Jonathan D , Gaddy Jacquelyne , O’Neil Bert , Turk Anita , Irvin William , Boles Jeremiah , Lee Michael S , McRee Autumn , Wardell Alexis C , Weck Karen E , Basch Ethan , Wood William A , Innocenti Federico 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
FOLFIRI is a standard regimen for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We hypothesized that a pharmacogenomic-directed strategy where more efficient irinotecan metabolizers (UGT1A1 *1/*1 homozygotes and *1/*28 heterozygotes) receive higher-than-standard irinotecan doses would improve progression-free survival (PFS) compared to non-genotype selected historical controls with acceptable toxicity.

Methods
In this phase II multicenter study irinotecan dosing in first-line FOLFIRI and bevacizumab for mCRC was based on UGT1A1 genotype with *1/*1, *1/*28, and *28/*28 patients receiving 310 mg/m2, 260 mg/m2, and 180 mg/m2, respectively. Primary endpoint was PFS. Secondary endpoints were investigator and patient-reported adverse events, and estimation of overall survival (OS).

Results
One-hundred patients were enrolled with 91 evaluable for PFS and 83 evaluable for best response. Median PFS was 12.5 months (90% CI 10.9, 15.4), shorter than the anticipated alternative hypothesis of 14 months. PFS by genotype was 12.5 months (90% CI 10.9, 17.4) for *1/*1, 14.6 months (90% CI 11.8, 17.5) for *1/*28, and 6 months (90% CI 2.3, 7.7) for *28/28, respectively. OS was 24.5 months (90% CI 19.1, 30.7) and by genotype was 26.5 (90% CI 19.1, 32.9), 25.9 (90% CI 17.6, 37.7), and 13.4 (90% CI 2.3, 20.5) months for *1/*1, *1/*28, and *28/*28, respectively. G3/4 toxicity was similar between all subgroups, including diarrhea and neutropenia.

Conclusions
A pharmacogenomic-directed irinotecan strategy improved PFS in the *1/*1 and *1/*28 genotypes with higher rates of neutropenia and similar rates of diarrhea compared to expected with standard FOLFIRI dosing. However, improvements in response rate and PFS were modest. This strategy should not change standard practice for mCRC patients in the first-line setting.
An ultra wide-band, high-sensitivity Q-band receiver for single-dish telescopes, eQ: Rest-frequency determination of CCS (JN = 43–32) and SO (JN = 10–01) and high-redshift CO (J = 1–0) detection
Authors: Nakamura Fumitaka , Chiong Chau-Ching , Taniguchi Kotomi , Chien Chen , Ho Chin-Ting , Hwang Yuh-Jing , Yeh You-Ting , Shimoikura Tomomi , Yamasaki Yasumasa , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Hirano Naomi , Lai Shih-Ping , Nishimura Atsushi , Kawabe Ryohei , Dobashi Kazuhito , Fujii Yasunori , Yonekura Yoshinori , Ogawa Hideo , Nguyen Luong Quang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We report on the development and commissioning of a new Q-band receiver for the Nobeyama 45 m telescope, covering 30–50 GHz with a receiver noise temperature of about 15 K. We name it eQ (extended Q-band) receiver. The system noise temperatures for observations are measured to be ∼30 K at 33 GHz and ∼75 K at 45 GHz. The half-power beam-width (HPBW) is around 38${^{\prime \prime }}$ at 43 GHz. To enhance the observation capability, we tested the smoothed bandpass calibration technique and demonstrated that the observation time can be significantly reduced compared to the standard position switch technique. The wide-bandwidth capability of this receiver provides precise determination of rest frequencies for molecular transitions with an accuracy of a few kHz through simultaneous observations of multiple transitions. Particularly, we determined the rest frequency of SO (JN = 10–01) to be 30.001542 GHz, along with the rest frequency of CCS (JN = 43–32) being 45.379033 GHz, adopting CCS (JN = 32–21) at 33.751370 GHz as a reference line. The SO profile shows a double peak shape at the Cyanopolyyne Peak (CP) position of the Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC-1). The SO peaks coincide well with the CCS sub-components located near the outer parts of the TMC-1 filament. We interpret that the gravitational infall of TMC-1 generates shocks which enhance the SO abundance. The TMC-1 map shows that carbon-chain molecules are more abundant in the southern part of the filament, whereas SO is more abundant in the northern part. The eQ’s excellent sensitivity allowed us to detect faint CO (J = 1–0) spectra from the high-redshift object at a redshift of 2.442. Our receiver is expected to open new avenues for high-sensitivity molecular line observations in the Q-band.
The NRC0 gene cluster of sensor and helper NLR immune receptors is functionally conserved across asterid plants
Authors: Sakai Toshiyuki , Contreras Mauricio P , Martinez-Anaya Claudia , Lüdke Daniel , Kamoun Sophien , Wu Chih-Hang , Adachi Hiroaki 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor (NLR) proteins can form complex receptor networks to confer innate immunity. An NLR-REQUIRED FOR CELL DEATH (NRC) is a phylogenetically related node that functions downstream of a massively expanded network of disease resistance proteins that protect against multiple plant pathogens. In this study, we used phylogenomic methods to reconstruct the macroevolution of the NRC family. One of the NRCs, termed NRC0, is the only family member shared across asterid plants, leading us to investigate its evolutionary history and genetic organization. In several asterid species, NRC0 is genetically clustered with other NLRs that are phylogenetically related to NRC-dependent disease resistance genes. This prompted us to hypothesize that the ancestral state of the NRC network is an NLR helper–sensor gene cluster that was present early during asterid evolution. We provide support for this hypothesis by demonstrating that NRC0 is essential for the hypersensitive cell death that is induced by its genetically linked sensor NLR partners in 4 divergent asterid species: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), wild sweet potato (Ipomoea trifida), coffee (Coffea canephora), and carrot (Daucus carota). In addition, activation of a sensor NLR leads to higher-order complex formation of its genetically linked NRC0, similar to other NRCs. Our findings map out contrasting evolutionary dynamics in the macroevolution of the NRC network over the last 125 million years, from a functionally conserved NLR gene cluster to a massive genetically dispersed network.
Continuous protein-density gradients: A new approach to correlate physical cues with cell response
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Felthaus Oliver , Prantl Lukas , Ma Nan , Machatschek Rainhard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To assess cellular behavior within heterogeneous tissues, such as bone, skin, and nerves, scaffolds with biophysical gradients are required to adequately replicate the in vivo interaction between cells and their native microenvironment. In this study, we introduce a strategy for depositing ultrathin films comprised of laminin-111 with precisely controlled biophysical gradients onto planar substrates using the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique. The gradient is created by controlled desynchronization of the barrier compression and substrate withdrawal speed during the LB deposition process. Characterization of the films was performed using techniques such as atomic force microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy, enabling the comprehensive analysis of biophysical parameters along the gradient direction. Furthermore, human adipose-derived stem cells were seeded onto the gradient films to investigate the influence of protein density on cell attachment, showing that the distribution of the cells can be modulated by the arrangement of the laminin at the air–water interface. The presented approach not only allowed us to gain insights into the intricate interplay between biophysical cues and cell behavior within complex tissue environments, but it is also suited as a screening approach to determine optimal protein concentrations to achieve a target cellular output.
Limited impact of lifting universal masks on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools: The crucial role of outcome measurements
Authors: Li Mingwei , Yang Bingyi , Cowling Benjamin J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, education systems globally implemented protective measures, notably mandatory mask wearing. As the pandemic's dynamics changed, many municipalities lifted these mandates, warranting a critical examination of these policy changes' implications. This study examines the effects of lifting mask mandates on COVID-19 transmission within Massachusetts school districts. We first replicated previous research that utilized a difference-in-difference (DID) model for COVID-19 incidence. We then repeated the DID analysis by replacing the outcome measurement with the reproductive number (Rt), reflecting the transmissibility. Due to the data availability, the Rt we estimated only measures the within school transmission. We found a similar result in the replication using incidence with an average treatment effect on treated (ATT) of 39.1 (95% CI: 20.4 to 57.4) COVID-19 cases per 1,000 students associated with lifting masking mandates. However, when replacing the outcome measurement to Rt, our findings suggest that no significant association between lifting mask mandates and reduced Rt (ATT: 0.04, 95% CI: −0.09 to 0.18), except for the first 2 weeks postintervention. Moreover, we estimated Rt below 1 at 4 weeks before lifting mask mandates across all school types, suggesting nonsustainable transmission before the implementation. Our reanalysis suggested no evidence of lifting mask mandates in schools impacted the COVID-19 transmission in the long term. Our study highlights the importance of examining the transmissibility outcome when evaluating interventions against transmission.
Plasmalogen oxidation induces the generation of excited molecules and electrophilic lipid species
Authors: Faria Rodrigo L , Prado Fernanda M , Junqueira Helena C , Fabiano Karen C , Diniz Larissa R , Baptista Mauricio S , Di Mascio Paolo , Miyamoto Sayuri 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Plasmalogens are glycerophospholipids with a vinyl ether linkage at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone. Despite being suggested as antioxidants due to the high reactivity of their vinyl ether groups with reactive oxygen species, our study reveals the generation of subsequent reactive oxygen and electrophilic lipid species from oxidized plasmalogen intermediates. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of the oxidation products by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS), we demonstrate that singlet molecular oxygen [O2 (1Δg)] reacts with the vinyl ether bond, producing hydroperoxyacetal as a major primary product (97%) together with minor quantities of dioxetane (3%). Furthermore, we show that these primary oxidized intermediates are capable of further generating reactive species including excited triplet carbonyls and O2 (1Δg) as well as electrophilic phospholipid and fatty aldehyde species as secondary reaction products. The generation of excited triplet carbonyls from dioxetane thermal decomposition was confirmed by light emission measurements in the visible region using dibromoanthracene as a triplet enhancer. Moreover, O2 (1Δg) generation from dioxetane and hydroperoxyacetal was evidenced by detection of near-infrared light emission at 1,270 nm and chemical trapping experiments. Additionally, we have thoroughly characterized alpha–beta unsaturated phospholipid and fatty aldehydes by LC–HRMS analysis using two probes that specifically react with aldehydes and alpha–beta unsaturated carbonyls. Overall, our findings demonstrate the generation of excited molecules and electrophilic lipid species from oxidized plasmalogen species unveiling the potential prooxidant nature of plasmalogen-oxidized products.
High economic inequality is linked to greater moralization
Authors: Kirkland Kelly , Van Lange Paul A M , Gorenz Drew , Blake Khandis , Amiot Catherine E , Ausmees Liisi , Baguma Peter , Barry Oumar , Becker Maja , Bilewicz Michal , Boonyasiriwat Watcharaporn , Booth Robert W , Castelain Thomas , Costantini Giulio , Dimdins Girts , Espinosa Agustín , Finchilescu Gillian , Fischer Ronald , Friese Malte , Gómez Ángel , González Roberto , Goto Nobuhiko , Halama Peter , Hurtado-Parrado Camilo , Ilustrisimo Ruby D , Jiga-Boy Gabriela M , Kuppens Peter , Loughnan Steve , Mastor Khairul A , McLatchie Neil , Novak Lindsay M , Onyekachi Blessing N , Rizwan Muhammad , Schaller Mark , Serafimovska Eleonora , Suh Eunkook M , Swann William B , Tong Eddie M W , Torres Ana , Turner Rhiannon N , Vauclair Christin-Melanie , Vinogradov Alexander , Wang Zhechen , Yeung Victoria Wai Lan , Bastian Brock 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Throughout the 21st century, economic inequality is predicted to increase as we face new challenges, from changes in the technological landscape to the growing climate crisis. It is crucial we understand how these changes in inequality may affect how people think and behave. We propose that economic inequality threatens the social fabric of society, in turn increasing moralization—that is, the greater tendency to employ or emphasize morality in everyday life—as an attempt to restore order and control. Using longitudinal data from X, formerly known as Twitter, our first study demonstrates that high economic inequality is associated with greater use of moral language online (e.g. the use of words such as “disgust”, “hurt”, and “respect’). Study 2 then examined data from 41 regions around the world, generally showing that higher inequality has a small association with harsher moral judgments of people's everyday actions. Together these findings demonstrate that economic inequality is linked to the tendency to see the world through a moral lens.