bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International intelligibility of English spoken by college students in the Bashu dialect area of China
Authors: Zeng Jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExploring English intelligibility in linguistically diverse environments, such as China, is crucial for improving cross-cultural dialog and tailoring language instruction to address the phonetic hurdles of non-native speakers. This research employed a phonetic experimental methodology to assess the intelligibility of English spoken by college students from the Bashu dialect region of Southwest China to an international audience. Data from 40 intermediate English-proficient students in Sichuan and Chongqing were analyzed using open-ended questionnaires and evaluative scales. The findings revealed that the influence of the Bashu dialect significantly impeded the accurate articulation of specific English phonemes, thereby exerting an impact on the international intelligibility of their spoken English. Notably, notwithstanding their conspicuous accents, the research concluded that the English enunciated by these students generally retained intelligibility for global audiences. The study identified a spectrum of pronunciation challenges, encompassing issues with phonetic sounds, recurrent mispronunciations, and variances in accent and prosody, collectively contributing to an overarching influence on intelligibility. Grounded in international listener feedback, this study proffers strategies to augment the intelligibility of spoken English among Chinese learners originating from dialect-specific regions, thereby fostering the amelioration of their communicative skills and bolstering their confidence when engaging with global audiences.
Negotiation within legitimate political boundaries: revealing the bottom-up news filtering of Chinese Party newspapers
Authors: Fu Zhongzhong , Yan Han , Fu Zhongnan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe extent to which media employees can make highly individualized decisions has been debated extensively in existing studies on gatekeeping. This case study proposes a bottom-up approach by examining the news filtering practices of Chinese Party (Communist Party of China, CPC) media employees, aiming to expand and deepen research in this field. Drawing upon 16 interviews conducted within a Chinese Party media newsroom, this research explores the news filtering process among different job groups. The study reveals the stratification of filtering preferences within the newsrooms and identifies two forms of bottom-up resistance: resistance by grassroots journalists driven by cost-effectiveness, and resistance by journalists and senior editors rooted in social responsibility. Furthermore, the study confirms that a unified propaganda function is insufficient to compromise the bottom-up resistance of media employees; however, it remains within legitimate political boundaries.
The characteristics and mechanical properties of Mo/VC interface structures via first-principles calculations
Authors: Xu Wenya , Wang Chen , Li Zhi , Shi Yanjie , Li Hongfu , Li Jian , Liu Yanming , Dai Pan , Meng Yu , Liu Wenting , Lv Xianghong , Jin Na 
Published: May 2024

In the present work, 15 Mo/VC interfaces were investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Four possible interface orientations, two terminations, and three stacking sites were considered. The adhesion energy (Wad) and interfacial energy (Eint) of these interface models were computed. The results indicate that the C-terminated hollow-site Mo(110)/VC(111) interface exhibits the highest stability with a larger Wad value of 10.64 J m−2 and the lowest Eint value of 2.98 J m−2, followed by the V-terminated central-site Mo(211)/VC(220) interface. Analysis of the electronic structure reveals the formation of strong polar covalent bonds at these interfaces. Additionally, simulations of tensile fracture processes were performed, demonstrating that at strains reaching 22% and 32%, respectively, the ideal tensile strengths for the C-terminated hollow-site Mo(110)/VC(111) interface and V-terminated central-site Mo(211)/VC(220) interface are ∼26.01 and 35.53 GPa. In particular, in the C-terminated hollow-site Mo(110)/VC(111) interface, fracture occurs in the Mo slabs due to concentrated strain when external strain is applied; meanwhile, uniform strain is observed in both Mo(211) and VC(200) slabs within this system. Notably, the V-terminated central-site Mo(211)/VC (220) interface demonstrates excellent tensile strength as well as toughness. These findings suggest that explaining solely based on adhesion work is insufficient to account for the observed tensile strength at these interfaces.
Effect of pH and salt on the protonation state of fatty aniline investigated by sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Krem Sona , Hin Sophea , Sung Siheon , Kim Doseok 
Published: May 2024

Langmuir monolayers of fatty aniline (C16-aniline) were investigated using sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy at various pH levels and NaCl concentrations. To analyze the sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectra of aniline, a multi-peak Lorentzian model, in accordance with the theory of SFG for a charged interface, was applied. First, SFG spectra of C16-aniline from pH 2 to 6 at a constant ionic strength of 10 mM (where the phase of the complex potential of the dc-induced signal was suppressed to a few degrees) were fitted with the above-mentioned method. The mean-field theory that considers the chemical equilibrium of the aniline headgroup was used to analyze the fitting results to find that the pKa of aniline is 4.4 ± 0.3. The protonation fraction of the aniline headgroup was estimated to be less than 5% at pH 6 and NaCl concentrations were up to 1M. The generalized Poisson–Boltzmann equation in the Gouy–Chapmann model effectively explained the observed SFG spectra in the OH region for fatty aniline at pH as low as 2, even for the systems without addition of any salt.
On the distribution function of electron spectra from hot laser plasmas
Authors: Behrens Rolf 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The emission of electrons from hot plasmas generated in the interaction of ultra-short (and ultra-high intensity) laser pulses with matter is often characterized by the so-called ‘hot electron temperature’. In this article it is shown that this number is not unambiguous. The reason is the following: to assign a temperature to an electron spectrum, it is necessary to describe the spectrum with a distribution function. However, different types of distribution functions are in use, e.g. the Boltzmann or Maxwell distribution, leading to different electron temperatures in spite of providing nearly the same form of the electron spectrum. For this reason, the main characteristics of all these distribution functions are presented in this article and compared. Depending on the distribution function used, the value of the hot electron temperature varies by up to 30% and in extreme cases by more than a factor of four. This fact should always be kept in mind when comparing values of hot electron temperatures. In addition, the reasons for using equilibrium distributions to describe the characteristics of laser-produced electrons—although probably no thermodynamic equilibrium is prevailing—are discussed.
The LHCb VELO Upgrade II: design and development of the readout electronics
Authors: Fernández Prieto A. ,   the LHCb VELO collaboration
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The LHCb collaboration proposes a Phase-II Upgrade of the detector, to be installed during
the LHC Long Shutdown 4 (2032–2034). Operating in the HL-LHC environment poses significant
challenges to the design of the upgraded detector, and in particular to its tracking system. The
primary and secondary vertices reconstruction will become more difficult due to the increase, by a
factor of 7.5, of the average number of interactions per bunch crossing. The performance of the
VErtex LOcator (VELO), which is the tracking detector surrounding the interaction region, is
essential to the success of this Phase-II Upgrade. Data rates are especially critical for the LHCb
full software trigger, and with the expected higher particle flux, the VELO Upgrade-II detector
will have to tolerate a dramatically increased data rate: assuming the same hybrid pixel design
and detector geometry, the front-end electronics (ASICs) of the VELO Upgrade-II will have to cope
with rates as high as 8 Ghits/s, with the hottest pixels reaching up to 500 khits/s. With this
input rate, the data output from the VELO will exceed 30 Tbit/s, with potentially a further
increase if more information is added to the read-out. This paper outlines the challenges being
addressed and the solutions under investigation for reading out the VELO sub-detector.
PANCAKE: a large-diameter cryogenic test platform with a flat floor for next generation multi-tonne liquid xenon detectors
Authors: Brown Adam , Fischer Horst , Glade-Beucke Robin , Grigat Jaron , Kuger Fabian , Lindemann Sebastian , Luce Tiffany , Masson Darryl , Müller Julia , Reininghaus Jens , Schumann Marc , Stevens Andrew , Tönnies Florian , Toschi Francesco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The PANCAKE facility is the world's largest liquid xenon test platform.
Inside its cryostat with an internal diameter of 2.75 m, components for the next generation of liquid xenon experiments, such as DARWIN or XLZD, will be tested at their full scale.
This is essential to ensure their successful operation.
This work describes the facility, including its cryostat, cooling systems, xenon handling infrastructure, and its monitoring and instrumentation.
The inner vessel has a flat floor, which allows the full diameter to be used with a modest amount of xenon.
This is a novel approach for such a large cryostat and is of interest for future large-scale experiments, where a standard torispherical head would require tonnes of additional xenon.
Our current xenon inventory of 400 kg allows a liquid depth of about 2 cm in the inner cryostat vessel.
We also describe the commissioning of the facility, which is now ready for component testing.
The vital role of clinical pharmacy services within the hospital at home interdisciplinary team
Authors: Webster Leah Whitman , Gernhard Chloe , Peinovich Margaret , Wachter Corey , Derleth Brett 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Hospital at home (HaH) program development, spurred by hospital congestion during the COVID-19 pandemic, is moving from a novel idea to a standard of inpatient practice. Understanding pharmacy’s clinical role in the HaH patient care team is exceedingly important as programs across the country continue to develop, implement, and expand. The purpose of this study is to describe how clinical pharmacy services are currently provided for home hospital patients and to explain the vital role of pharmacists within the HaH care team.

Description
A descriptive study was designed to evaluate pharmacy services provided for home hospital patients from January 1, 2023, to February 28, 2023. Prior to the study period, a focused group of pharmacists routinely active in HaH patient care met to define a standard process for documenting pharmacy services using an electronic documentation system (i-Vent) within the EHR. During the study period, a total of 221 patients were admitted to home hospital at either site representing 3,258 inpatient medication orders with 2,997 medication administrations. Pharmacists signed 903 progress notes and documented 561 interventions across all types. The top 3 pharmacy intervention types were drug administration change (37%), medication reconciliation (29%), and antimicrobial stewardship (15%). Each of the top 3 types were further evaluated by subtype.

Conclusion
Documented pharmacy services encompassed a variety of intervention types. The overwhelming majority of patients admitted to the program received pharmacy consultative services, demonstrating how pivotal pharmacists are to the operational success of these programs and clinical care of HaH patients. More research is needed to expose pharmacy potential and facilitate growth for pharmacists practicing in HaH programs.
Practice-enhancing publications about the medication-use process in 2022
Authors: Vest Tyler A , Gazda Nicholas P , O’Neil Daniel P , Donnowitz Kathrine , Carlson, MLS, AHIP Rebecca , Eckel Stephen F 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThis article identifies, prioritizes, and summarizes published literature on the medication-use process (MUP) from calendar year 2022 that can impact health-system pharmacy daily practice. The MUP is the foundational system that provides the framework for safe medication utilization within the healthcare environment. The MUP is defined in this article as having the following components: prescribing/transcribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring. Articles evaluating at least one step of the MUP were assessed for their usefulness toward practice improvement.SummaryA PubMed search was conducted in January 2023 for articles published in calendar year 2022 using targeted Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords, and searches of the table of contents of selected pharmacy journals were conducted, providing a total of 6,213 articles. A thorough review identified 69 potentially practice-enhancing articles: 13 for prescribing/transcribing, 13 for dispensing, 5 for administration, and 38 for monitoring. Practice trends discussed in the articles are briefly summarized, with a mention of their importance within health-system pharmacy. The articles are listed and summarized in tables for further review and evaluation.ConclusionIt is important to routinely review the published literature and to incorporate significant findings into daily practice. This article assists in identifying and summarizing the most impactful publications. Health-system pharmacists have an active role in improving the MUP in their institution, and awareness of the significant published studies can assist in changing practice at the institutional level.
Reward, relief, and habit drinking profiles in treatment seeking individuals with an AUD
Authors: Grodin Erica N , Baskerville Wave-Ananda , Meredith Lindsay R , Nieto Steven , Ray Lara A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to compare reward, relief, and habit treatment-seeking individuals on recent drinking, alcohol use disorder (AUD) phenomenology, and mood. The second aim of the study was to evaluate the predictive validity of reward, relief, and habit profiles.

Method
Treatment-seeking individuals with an AUD (n = 169) were recruited to participate in a medication trial for AUD (NCT03594435). Reward, relief, and habit drinking groups were assessed using the UCLA Reward Relief Habit Drinking Scale. Group differences at baseline were evaluated using univariate analyses of variance. A subset of participants were enrolled in a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled medication trial (n = 102), and provided longitudinal drinking and phenomenology data. The predictive validity of group membership was assessed using linear regression analyses.

Results
At baseline, individuals who drink primarily for relief had higher craving and negative mood than those who drink for reward and habit. Prospectively, membership in the relief drinking group predicted greater alcohol use, greater heavy drinking, and fewer days abstinent compared to those in the reward drinking group. Membership in the relief drinking group also predicted greater alcohol craving, more alcohol-related consequences, and more anxiety symptoms over 12 weeks compared to those in the reward drinking group.

Conclusions
This study provides support for reward and relief drinking motive profiles in treatment-seeking individuals with an AUD. Membership in the relief drinking motive group was predictive of poorer drinking outcomes and more negative symptomology over 12 weeks, indicating that individuals who drink for relief may be a particularly vulnerable sub-population of individuals with AUD.
Swirl sign score system: a novel and practical tool for predicting hematoma expansion risk after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Zhou Zhiming , Wang Jing , Li Wenjie , Huang Tianxing , Zhou Yu , Tan Yuanxin , Zhou Hongli , Zhong Weijia , Guo Dajing , Zhou Xi , Wu Xiaojia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
To methodically analyse the swirl sign and construct a scoring system to predict the risk of hematoma expansion (HE) after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH).

Methods
We analysed 231 of 683 sICH patients with swirl signs on baseline noncontrast CT (NCCT) images. The characteristics of the swirl sign were analysed, including the number, maximum diameter, shape, boundary, minimum CT value of the swirl sign, and the minimum distance from the swirl sign to the edge of the hematoma. In the development cohort, univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify independent predictors of HE, and logistic regression analysis was used to construct the swirl sign score system. The swirl sign score system was verified in the validation cohort.

Results
The number and the minimum CT value of the swirl sign were independent predictors of HE. The swirl sign score system was constructed (2 points for the number of swirl signs &gt;1 and 1 point for the minimum CT value ≤41 Hounsfield units). The area under the curve of the swirl sign score system in predicting HE was 0.773 and 0.770 in the development and validation groups, respectively.

Conclusions
The swirl sign score system is an easy-to-use radiological grading scale that requires only baseline NCCT images to effectively identify subjects at high risk of HE.

Advances in knowledge
Our newly developed semiquantitative swirl sign score system greatly improves the ability of swirl sign to predict HE.
Ten tips from the Swiss Working Group on Sustainable Nephrology on how to go green in your dialysis unit
Authors: Pruijm Menno , Rho Elena , Woywodt Alexander , Segerer Stephan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The health-care system and particularly renal replacement therapy has a significant carbon footprint adding to global warming and extreme weather conditions. Improving sustainability has become the focus of national and international working groups. Many reviews underline the need for improvement of sustainability in nephrology, in particular dialysis, and provide recommendations on how to reduce waste, energy, and water consumption. However, how to implement these recommendations, and where to start, is not always clear. This paper summarizes discussions within the ‘working group on sustainable nephrology’ of the Swiss Society of Nephrology. We do not provide a detailed review of the topic but instead present a practical 10-point action plan to help health-care workers in nephrology make a start and improve the carbon footprint of their dialysis centres. We emphasize the importance of ongoing research, cooperation, and dialogue, and welcome additional ideas from the wider renal community.
“remember that a white woman is a white man”: Ronelda S. Kamfer’s Black Feminist Poetry as Corrective to the Race Logic of White Afrikaans Literary Feminisms
Authors: Burger Bibi , Coetzee Azille 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The creation of the Afrikaner volk and the violent appropriation and institutionalization of the Afrikaans language as white cultural property around the beginning of the twentieth century in South Africa was a patriarchal project from the outset. The canon of Afrikaans literature reflects both the erasure of Black subjects from the official history and recorded footprint of the language as well as the failure of white Afrikaans feminism to challenge these erasures and patriarchal structures of white power. In this essay we argue that Ronelda Kamfer’s poetry collection Chinatown (2019) functions as a powerful corrective to literary Afrikaans whitestream feminism and that Kamfer’s defiant relational intersectionality enables an alternative way of world-making beyond the disciplinary mechanisms and exclusionary technologies of white colonial patriarchy.
The effects of nano- and microplastic ingestion on the survivorship and reproduction of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: McConnel Gabriella , Lawson Jordann , Cañas-Carrell Jaclyn E , Brelsfoard Corey L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are pervasive environmental pollutants that are commonly ingested by organisms at different trophic levels. While the effects of MPs on aquatic organisms have been extensively studied, the impacts of MP ingestion on the host fitness of terrestrial organisms, mainly insects, have been relatively unexplored. This study investigates the effects of MP and NP ingestion on the survivorship and reproduction of 2 medically important mosquito species, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae). Larval and pupal survivorship of Ae. albopictus were not significantly affected by particle size or concentration, but there was a reduction of Ae. aegypti pupal survivorship associated with the ingestion of 0.03 µm NPs. In addition, there was little observed impact of 0.03 µm NP and 1.0 µm MP ingestion on adult survivorship, fecundity, and longevity. To further investigate the effects of MP ingestion on mosquito fitness, we also examined the effects of MPs of varying shape, size, and plastic polymer type on Ae. aegypti immature and adult survivorship. The data suggest that the polymer type and shape did not impact Ae. aegypti immature or adult survivorship. These findings highlight that understanding the effects of microplastic ingestion by mosquitoes may be complicated by the size, composition, and amount ingested.
New insights into how temperature affects the electrical conductivity of clay-free porous rocks
Authors: Han Tongcheng , He Haiming , Fu Li-Yun 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARY
Geothermal energy is increasingly important for the global environment and for the sustainable development of our society. Electrical surveys are widely employed for the exploration of geothermal energy, because the electrical geophysical properties provide useful information about the fluids at depth. However, although quantitative interpretation of electrical survey data relies on the knowledge about the effects of temperature on the electrical properties of fluid-bearing rocks, it remains poorly understood about how temperature affects the electrical conductivity of clay-free porous rocks. We bridge this knowledge gap by measuring the electrical conductivity and porosity of five brine saturated clean Berea sandstones with temperature ranging between 25 and 140 °C, and analysing all the factors that impact the rock conductivity. We showed that the effects of surface conductivity on the temperature-dependent electrical conductivity can be negligible, whereas the temperature induced variation in the porosity and pore structure quantitatively characterized in terms of cementation exponent can be more significant. We also found that temperature affects the electrical conductivity of brine saturated Berea sandstones by impacting the brine conductivity, and the pore structure and porosity of the samples, with their importance in a descending order. The results have provided new insights into how temperature affects the electrical conductivity of clay-free porous rocks, and will help to improve the quantitative interpretation of electrical survey data for the exploration of geothermal energy.