bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision Strategies and the Confidence–Accuracy Relationship in Face Recognition
Authors: Weber Nathan , Woodard Libbey , Williamson Paul 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe decision strategy used to select a choice set from an array of alternative options is known to affect the composition of the final choice set. Specifically, individuals incorporate more answers into their choice set when it is created by eliminating implausible items than when the set is created through the inclusion of plausible options. This difference is accounted for in a decision framework that posits a general reluctance to change the status quo (i.e., actively include or exclude an item). We extended this work to investigate, not only the decisions themselves, but also metacognitive judgments (i.e., confidence in the accuracy of the choice set). In two face recognition experiments, we tested the impact of decision strategy (Experiment 1) and confidence judgment strategy (Experiment 2) on the confidence–accuracy relationship. In Experiment 1, participants completed two blocks of recognition trials, one under inclusion (marking previously seen faces) and one under elimination (marking previously unseen faces) instructions. We observed superior resolution (i.e., discrimination between correct and incorrect) for inclusion trials, but only when they were completed prior to use of the elimination strategy. In Experiment 2, all participants completed face recognition trials under inclusion instructions, but we manipulated the strategy used to assess confidence. Again, we observed a significant impact of strategy on confidence–accuracy resolution. Thus, we observed that both the strategy employed to reach a decision and that employed to assess confidence affected the confidence–accuracy relationship. We discuss theoretical and applied (particularly for eyewitness identification and multiple‐choice testing) implications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CREB signalling in neural stem/progenitor cells: Recent developments and the implications for brain tumour biology
Authors: Mantamadiotis Theo , Papalexis Nikos , Dworkin Sebastian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis paper discusses the evidence for the role of CREB in neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) function and oncogenesis and how these functions may be important for the development and growth of brain tumours. The cyclic‐AMP response element binding (CREB) protein has many roles in neurons, ranging from neuronal survival to higher order brain functions such as memory and drug addiction behaviours. Recent studies have revealed that CREB also has a role in NSPC survival, differentiation and proliferation. Recent work has shown that over‐expression of CREB in transgenic animals can impart oncogenic properties on cells in various tissues and that aberrant CREB expression is associated with tumours in patients. It is the central position of CREB, downstream of key developmental and growth signalling pathways, which give CREB the ability to influence a spectrum of cell activities, such as cell survival, growth and differentiation in both normal and cancer cells.
Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of AFEX™‐pretreated corn stover for ethanol production using Clostridium phytofermentans at a high solids loading
Authors: Jin Mingjie , Gunawan Christa , Balan Venkatesh , Dale Bruce E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractConsolidated bioprocessing (CBP) using Clostridium phytofermentans (ATCC 700394) on ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX™)‐treated corn stover (AFEX™‐CS) at a low solids loading showed promising results [Jin et al. (2011) Biotechnol Bioeng 108(6): 1290–1297]. However, industrial relevant process requires high solids loading. Therefore, we studied high solids loading CBP performance on AFEX™‐CS. The factors potentially affecting the performance including solids loading, CBP products acetate and ethanol, and degradation products resulting from pretreatment were investigated. At 4% (w/w) glucan loading, C. phytofermentans performed well on AFEX™‐CS with no nutrients supplementation and reached similar sugar conversions as a fermentation with nutrients supplementation. A glucan conversion of 48.9% and a xylan conversion of 77.9% were achieved after 264 h with 7.0 g/L ethanol and 8.8 g/L acetate produced. Relatively high concentrations of acetate produced at high solids loading was found to be the major factor limiting the CBP performance. Degradation products in AFEX™‐CS helped enhance ethanol production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1929–1936. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Limiting cell aggregation during mesenchymal stem cell expansion on microcarriers
Authors: Ferrari Caroline , Balandras Frédérique , Guedon Emmanuel , Olmos Eric , Chevalot Isabelle , Marc Annie 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are known to be a valuable cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, one of the main limiting steps in their clinical use is the amplification step. MSC expansion on microcarriers has emerged during the last few years, fulfilling the lack of classical T‐flasks expansion. Even if the therapeutic potential of MSC as aggregates has been recently highlighted, cell aggregation during expansion has to be avoided. Thus, MSC culture on microcarriers has still to be improved, notably concerning cell aggregation prevention. The aim of this study was to limit cell aggregation during MSC expansion on Cytodex‐1®, by evaluating the impact of several culture parameters. First, MSC cultures were performed at different agitation rates (0, 25, and 75 rpm) and different initial cell densities (25 and 50 × 106 cell g−1 Cytodex‐1®). Then, the MSC aggregates were put into contact with additional available surfaces (T‐flask, fresh and used Cytodex‐1®) at different times (before and after cell aggregation). The results showed that cell aggregation was partly induced by agitation and prevented in static cultures. Moreover, cell aggregation was dependent on cell density and correlated with a decrease in the total cell number. It was however shown that the aggregated organization could be dissociated when in contact with additional surfaces such as T‐flasks or fresh Cytodex‐1® carriers. Finally, cell aggregation could be successfully limited in spinner flask by adding fresh Cytodex‐1® carriers before its onset. Those results indicated that MSC expansion on agitated Cytodex‐1® microcarriers could be performed without cell aggregation, avoiding a decrease in total cell number. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Hydrogen Bonds: A Structural Insight into Ionic Liquids
Authors: Dong Kun , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) have attracted intensive attention in academia and industry due to their unique properties and potential applications. Nowadays, much interest is focused on finding out what is the main force that determines the properties of ionic liquids. Intuitively like NaCl, in high‐temperature molten salt (HTMS) the electrostatic Coulomb force is regarded as the dominant factor that determines the behaviors of ILs. However, a large amount of evidence indicates that such a molten‐salt‐based simplified explanation is not consistent with the corresponding experimental results. Besides the Coulomb force, the hydrogen bond is another important noncovalent interaction in the IL and is closely related to some important properties and applications, as suggested in some new research results. Therefore in this review, we present results concerning the hydrogen bond in ILs, from the perspective of experiment and calculation, to shed light on its effects and roles. The deep insights into structure, in particular the hydrogen bonds, can provide us with a rational design for the new ILs to fulfill the demands in some complicated chemical processes.
A New Benzotriazole‐Mediated Stereoflexible Gateway to Hetero‐2,5‐diketopiperazines
Authors: Monbaliu Jean‐Christophe M. , Hansen Finn K. , Beagle Lucas K. , Panzner Matthew J. , Steel Peter J. , Todadze Ekaterina , Stevens Christian V. , Katritzky Alan R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractOpen chain Cbz‐L‐aa1‐L‐Pro‐Bt (Bt=benzotriazole) sequences were converted into either the corresponding trans‐ or cis‐fused 2,5‐diketopiperazines (DKPs) depending on the reaction conditions. Thermodynamic tandem cyclization/epimerization afforded selectively the corresponding trans‐DKPs (69–75 %). Complementarily, tandem deprotection/cyclization led to the cis‐DKPs (65–72 %). A representative set of proline‐containing cis‐ and trans‐DKPs has been prepared. A mechanistic investigation, based on chiral HPLC, kinetics, and computational studies enabled a rationalization of the results.
Chemical Synthesis of the Cardiotonic Steroid Glycosides and Related Natural Products
Authors: Heasley Brian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe active components from the extracts of Digitalis, cardiotonic steroid glycosides, have been ingested by humans for more than 200 years as a medicinal therapy for heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms. The positive inotropic activity of the cardiotonic steroids that mediates clinically useful physiological effects in patients has been attributed largely to a high affinity inhibitory interaction with the extracellular surface of the membrane‐bound sodium pump (Na+/K+‐ATPase). However, previously unrecognized intracellular signaling pathways continue to be uncovered. This Review examines both partial and de novo synthetic approaches to the medicinally important and structurally captivating cardenolide and bufadienolide steroid families, with an emphasis on the stereocontrolled construction of the pharmacophoric aglycone (genin) framework.
Modelling of transport of two proppant‐laden immiscible power‐law fluids through an expanding fracture
Authors: Lakhtychkin Alexander , Eskin Dmitry , Vinogradov Oleg 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHydraulic fracturing technology is one of the most popular and efficient reservoir stimulation techniques in oil and gas industry since it allows significant increase of the hydrocarbon production rate. A possible advancement of this technology involves consequent pumping of several immiscible fluids laden with solid particles (proppant) into a fracture. This technique has a potential for better control of the proppant placement and, thus, a better control of the fracture shape. The major result of the present work is a mathematical model and a computational code for investigation of a flow of two immiscible slurries inside an expanding fracture. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
The effect of thin gap insertion layer on InP nanostructure grown by metal–organic vapour phase epitaxys
Authors: Han Soe Soe , Panyakeow Somsak , Ratanathammaphan Somchai , Higo Akio , Yunpeng Wang , Deura Momoko , Sugiyama Masakasu , Nakano Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe effect of thin GaP insertion layers on the structural and optical properties of InP/In0.49Ga0.51P self‐assembled quantum dots (SAQDs) on GaAs (001) substrate grown by metal–organic vapour phase epitaxy has been reported. The properties of InP/In0.49Ga0.51P SAQDs are modified when a thin (1–4 ML) GaP layer is inserted underneath the InP quantum dots (QDs). Deposition of the GaP insertion layer affects the dot dimension and improves the size uniformity. The density, dimension and uniformity of InP QDs strongly depend on the GaP insertion layer thickness. This variation in QD size is a result of a material nucleation effect caused by atomic intermixing between the InP QDs and underlying GaP insertion layer and surface energy. The insertion of GaP layer led to tuning the emission wavelength and narrowing of full width at half maximum (FWHM) when they are characterised by PL measurements at room temperature. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Acridine Derivatives as Antimalarial Agents
Authors: Yu Xiao‐Min , Ramiandrasoa Florence , Guetzoyan Lucie , Pradines Bruno , Quintino Edgar , Gadelle Daniele , Forterre Patrick , Cresteil Thierry , Mahy Jean‐Pierre , Pethe Stéphanie 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNew N‐alkylaminoacridine derivatives attached to nitrogen heterocycles were synthesized, and their antimalarial potency was examined. They were tested in vitro against the growth of Plasmodium falciparum, including chloroquine (CQ)‐susceptible and CQ‐resistant strains. This biological evaluation has shown that the presence of a heterocyclic ring significantly increases the activity against P. falciparum. The best compound shows a nanomolar IC50 value toward parasite proliferation on both CQ‐susceptible and CQ‐resistant strains. The antimalarial activity of these new acridine derivatives can be explained by the two mechanisms studied in this work. First, we showed the capacity of these compounds to inhibit heme biocrystallization, a detoxification process specific to the parasite and essential for its survival. Second, in our search for alternative targets, we evaluated the in vitro inhibitory activity of these compounds toward Sulfolobus shibatae topoisomerase VI‐mediated DNA relaxation. The preliminary results obtained reveal that all tested compounds are potent DNA intercalators, and significantly inhibit the activity of S. shibatae topoisomerase VI at concentrations ranging between 2.0 and 2.5 μM.
Duality in simple single atomic type crystal structures
Authors: Ruhnow M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCrystal structures can be interpreted as a systematic arrangement of atoms and interstices. Their spatial arrangement follows the duality principle. By using mathematical polyhedra it is possible to show an overall scheme in the simple crystal structures that is possibly hidden from view by the utilization of the hard‐sphere‐model or charge density distributions. In addition there is a dual connection between the shape of the atoms and the arrangement of these atoms (i.e. the crystal structure). Therefore, the shape is expected to control the arrangement, with some possible feedback from the arrangement on the shape. On the basis of the dual principle a connection can be recognized between some crystal structures. Allotrope transitions can also be explained by using this principle. Moreover, physical parameters which are connected to the crystal structure like atomic arrangement and E(k) of delocalized electrons also follow the duality principle. Consequently, it is possible to conclude that duality represents a basic principle of the simple single atomic type crystal structures. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Correlating dynamic amino acid properties with success rate of crystallization of proteins from Bacteroides vulgatus
Authors: Yan Shaomin , Wu Guang 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTo enhance the success rate of protein crystallization, many studies were conducted to determine the relationship between amino acid properties and the success rate of protein crystallization. Although those were successful, new efforts should be made to search for the new factors, which affect protein crystallization. In this study, two dynamic amino acid properties were used to correlate with the success rate of crystallization of proteins from Bacteroides vulgatus, because the amino acid properties used in previous studies were steady. As previously done, logistic regression and neural network were used to model that relationship, and the results were compared against those obtained from each of 532 amino acid properties, which severed as benchmark. The results demonstrated that dynamic amino acid properties should be taken into consideration of protein crystallization. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Control Method for Harmonic Voltage Injection to Achieve Noise Reduction in Position‐Sensorless Control of Permanent‐Magnet Synchronous Motors at Low Speeds
Authors: Taniguchi Shun , Homma Toshihiro , Wakao Shinji , Kondo Keiichiro , Yoneyama Takashi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this study, we examine the relationship between harmonic voltage injection, acoustic noise, and position estimation performance in a PMSM when a position‐sensorless control method involving harmonic voltage injection is used at low speeds. Further, we propose a novel control method for voltage injection; this method can be used to reduce acoustic noise in the motor. The proposed control method is verified by performing numerical simulations and carrying out experiments using a four‐pole, 2‐kW, 2100‐rpm IPMSM (interior permanent‐magnet synchronous motor). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(3): 49–56, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21246
Supramolecular Adducts of Negatively Charged Lanthanide(III) DOTP Chelates and Cyclodextrins Functionalized with Ammonium Groups: Mass Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies
Authors: Pereira Giovannia A. , Peters Joop A. , Terreno Enzo , Delli Castelli Daniela , Aime Silvio , Laurent Sophie , Vander Elst Luce , Muller Robert N. , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe interaction of the negatively charged Ln3+ chelate Ln–DOTP with β‐ and γ‐cyclodextrins bearing ammonium groups at the upper rim (CD+s) was investigated using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopic techniques. Mass spectroscopy shows the presence of 1:1 adducts of Ln–DOTP and both β‐ or γ‐CD+. The peak intensities increased upon increasing the pH of the samples from 7 to 9.0, suggesting an increase in the strength of the interaction. Lanthanide induced 1H NMR chemical shifts and relaxation ratesmeasured in aqueous solutions confirmed the presence of these adducts. The strength of the interactions appeared to be dependent on the pH, reflecting the strong electrostatic interactions between the oppositely charged host CD+ and guest Ln–DOTP chelate. Evaluation of the lanthanide induced relaxation rates showed that the Ln–DOTP does not enter the cavity of the CDs, but remains above it with a distance of 10–11 Å between the Ln3+ ion and the centre of the CD. Molecular modelling indicated that hydrogen bonds between the functionalized groups participating in the interaction sites contribute to the adduct stabilization. The apparent binding constants at pH 7 and 9 were obtained by using relaxometric measurements at 9 MHz. Fitting the NMRD profiles showed an increase in the number of second‐sphere water molecules surrounding the phosphonate pendant arms of the Ln–DOTP chelate upon its interaction with the CDs. A brief description of the PARACEST properties of the supramolecular systems formed by Tm–DOTP and the positively charged CDs is presented. Both CDs display a shift of the saturation transfer peaks of the ammonium functions by the Tm complex, with an accentuated effect observed for the γ‐CD derivative.
Relevance of DHA‐containing lysophospholipids
Authors: Lagarde Michel , Bernoud‐Hubac Nathalie 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this issue of the European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, Jin et al. [114–122] report on the anti‐inflammatory effect of docosahexaenoyl‐lysophosphatidylcholine with even a stronger effect when the docosahexaenoic acyl is oxygenated on its carbon 17.See accompanying article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201100169
Mobile localisation with TOA, AOA and Doppler estimation in NLOS environments
Authors: Xie Yaqin , Wang Yan , Wu Bo , You Xiaohu 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present a novel nonline‐of‐sight (NLOS) positioning method for a mobile station (MS). Under the assumption of the Gaussian scatter density model (GSDM), the proposed scheme makes full use of the NLOS single reflection paths to improve the MS location accuracy. For the moving MS, a constrained optimisation method is proposed to jointly estimate the unknown MS and scatters' locations with time of arrival, angle of arrival and Doppler‐shift frequency measurements. The proposed optimisation method is solved by a novel grid search algorithm (GSA), which combines the advantages of constrained optimisation and statistical signal processing methods. The MS location accuracy is further improved by using the weighted mean GSA instead of the arithmetic mean GSA. We also compared the location accuracy with the Cramer–Rao lower bound. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms those existing methods significantly. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity analysis of the build decision for carbon capture and sequestration projects
Authors: Fischbeck Paul S. , Gerard David , McCoy Sean T. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCarbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is a technology that could allow for continued use of fossil fuels in a carbon‐constrained world, smoothing the transition to non‐fossil energy sources. Our objective is to assess the commercial viability of CCS given pervasive future uncertainties, particularly uncertainties about future natural gas and CO2 prices. Using data from the Integrated Environmental Control Model (IECM), we develop an interactive Excel‐based spreadsheet tool to compare levelized‐average costs of four different new‐construction 500 MW power plants: natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) with CCS, NCGG without CCS, supercritical coal with CCS, and supercritical coal without CCS. With low natural gas prices, the NGCC without the sequestration option is the dominant technology. Overall, CCS projects for either natural gas or coal projects are unlikely to be the lowest‐cost option for CO2 prices less than $50 per ton. Finally, we examine several potential policy levers that could affect the deployment of CCS. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Spatial orientation mapping of fibers using polarization‐sensitive second harmonic generation microscopy
Authors: Hovhannisyan Vladimir A. , Hu Po‐Sheng , Tan Hsing‐Yuan , Chen Shean‐Jen , Dong Chen‐Yuan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this work, we present a non‐invasive approach to determine azimuth and elevation angles of collagen fibers capable of generating second harmonic signal. The azimuth angle was determined using the minimum of second harmonic generation (SHG) signal while rotating the plane of polarization of excitation light. The elevation angle was estimated from the ratio of the minimal SHG intensity to the intensity when laser polarization and fiber directions were parallel to each other using experimentally determined calibration curve. Pixel‐resolution images of collagen fiber spatial orientation in tendon from bovine leg, chicken leg, and chicken skin were acquired using our approach of SHG polarization‐resolved microscopy. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)