bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of palaeofluid analysis for understanding oil charge history
Authors: PARNELL J. 
Published: January 2010

Geofluids (2010) 10, 73–82AbstractFluid inclusion data, particularly the distribution of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions and their chemistry, can provide insights into oil charge in a petroleum‐prospective region. Examples from the UK Atlantic margin show how we can understand thermal regime, timing and chemistry of oil charge. Data from the UK Atlantic margin based on fluid inclusion temperature profiles shows anomalously high temperatures which are highest at the top of the Triassic–Eocene sequence. This is interpreted as a product of hot fluid flow, probably reflecting hydrothermal activity related to intrusion of sills at depth. The preservation of high temperatures also implies rapid migration from depth through fracture systems. Ar–Ar analysis of oil‐bearing K‐feldspar cements, and petrographic studies of oil inclusion distribution help delimit timing and migration pathways for the hot fluid charge and later fluid migration events. Coupled with compositional data for oils measured destructively (organic geochemistry) or non‐destructively (fluorescence), these approaches allow the development of oil charge histories based on real data rather than theoretical modelling.
Executive functions as endophenotypes in ADHD: evidence from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB)
Authors: Gau Susan Shur‐Fen , Shang Chi‐Yung 
Published: January 2010

Background:  Little is known about executive functions among unaffected siblings of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and there is lack of such information from non‐Western countries. We examined verbal and nonverbal executive functions in adolescents with ADHD, unaffected siblings and controls to test whether executive functions could be potential endophenotypes for ADHD.Methods:  We assessed 279 adolescents (age range: 11–17 years) with a childhood diagnosis of DSM‐IV ADHD, 136 biological siblings (108 unaffected, 79.4%), and 173 unaffected controls by using psychiatric interviews, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – 3rd edition (WISC‐III), including digit spans, and the tasks involving executive functions of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB): Intra‐dimensional/Extra‐dimensional Shifts (IED), Spatial Span (SSP), Spatial Working Memory (SWM), and Stockings of Cambridge (SOC).Results:  Compared with the controls, adolescents with ADHD and unaffected siblings had a significantly shorter backward digit span, more extra‐dimensional shift errors in the IED, shorter spatial span length in the SSP, more total errors and poorer strategy use in the SWM, and fewer problems solved in the minimum number of moves and shorter initial thinking time in the SOC. The magnitudes of the differences in the SWM and SOC increased with increased task difficulties. In general, neither persistent ADHD nor comorbidity was associated with increased deficits in executive functions among adolescents with ADHD.Conclusions:  The lack of much difference in executive dysfunctions between unaffected siblings and ADHD adolescents suggests that executive dysfunctions may be useful cognitive endophenotypes for ADHD genetic studies.
Mothers’ maximum drinks ever consumed in 24 hours predicts mental health problems in adolescent offspring
Authors: Malone Stephen M. , McGue Matt , Iacono William G. 
Published: January 2010

Background: The maximum number of alcoholic drinks consumed in a single 24‐hr period is an alcoholism‐related phenotype with both face and empirical validity. It has been associated with severity of withdrawal symptoms and sensitivity to alcohol, genes implicated in alcohol metabolism, and amplitude of a measure of brain activity associated with externalizing disorders in general. In a previous study we found that the maximum number of drinks fathers had ever consumed in 24 hrs was associated with externalizing behaviors and disorders in preadolescent and adolescent children. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether maternal maximum consumption has similar correlates.Method: We examined associations between maternal maximum consumption and alcohol dependence, respectively, and disruptive disorders and substance‐related problems in two large independent population‐based cohorts of 17‐year‐old adolescents.Results: Maximum consumption was associated with conduct disorder, disruptive disorders in general, early substance use and misuse, and substance disorders in adolescent children regardless of sex. Associations were consistent across cohorts, providing internal replication. They also paralleled our previous findings regarding paternal status. They could not be explained by maternal alcohol dependence, effects of drinking during pregnancy, or paternal maximum consumption. They were not simple artifacts of the fact that maximum consumption is a continuous measure while alcohol dependence is dichotomous.Conclusions: Despite deriving from a single question aboutlifetime behavior, parental maximum consumption appears to reflect vulnerability for mental health problems, especially substance‐related ones, more directly than a diagnosis of alcohol dependence.
Paediatric arterial ischaemic stroke: functional outcome and risk factors
Authors: CNOSSEN MARJON H , AARSEN FEMKE K , AKKER SANDRA LJ VAN DEN , DANEN RENEE , APPEL INGE M , STEYERBERG EWOUT W , CATSMAN‐BERREVOETS CORIENE E 
Published: January 2010

Aim  To study functional outcome in children aged 1 month to 18 years after paediatric arterial ischaemic stroke (PAIS) and to identify risk factors influencing their quality of life.Method  In a consecutive series of 76 children (35 males 41 females, median age at diagnosis 2y 6mo, range 1mo–17y 2mo; median length of follow‐up 2y 4mo, range [7mo–10y 6mo]) with PAIS diagnosed at the Erasmus Medical Centre Sophia Children's Hospital between 1997 and 2006, we collected clinical, biochemical, and radiological data prospectively. In 66 children surviving at least 1 year after PAIS, functional outcome could be evaluated with the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps.Results  Significant risk factors at presentation for a poor neurological outcome were young age, infarction in the right middle cerebral artery territory, and fever at presentation. Fifty‐four % of children had severe neurological impairments at 12 months after PAIS, and at last follow‐up more than half needed remedial teaching, special education, or institutionalization. Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaires showed a significantly lower HRQOL in all age groups. Children with a longer follow‐up had a lower HRQOL in the cognitive functioning domain.Interpretation  Our study shows significant morbidity and mortality and a reduced HRQOL after PAIS depending on age, fever at presentation, and infarction in the right middle cerebral artery territory.
Mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure in children with severe neurological impairment: is it futile medical treatment?
Authors: VAN GESTEL JOSEPHUS PJ , ROBROCH AFKE H , BOLLEN CASPER W , VAN DER ENT CORNELIS K , VAN VUGHT ADRIANUS J 
Published: January 2010

Aim  To assess outcome for children with severe neurological impairment receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure.Method  Medical charts for all such children treated in our intensive care unit (ICU) between January 2003 and July 2008 were reviewed. Outcomes were compared with those for children with moderate neurological impairment.Results  Twenty‐two children with severe neurological impairment were included (nine females, 13 males; median age 7y 10mo; range 4mo–17y). The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 16 days. Six children had an uneventful 1‐year survival, the others required reintubation or readmission to the ICU, or died. Eleven children were still alive 1 year after discharge from the ICU. Nine patients died of respiratory failure. None of the children in the severe group died of a heart defect. Eleven children with moderate neurological impairment were included (eight females, three males; median age 1y 1mo, range 4mo–13y). Four children had an uneventful 1‐year survival. Eight children were still alive 1 year after discharge from the ICU. Two of the three non‐survivors died of their heart defects.Interpretation  Mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure in children with severe neurological impairment is complex and associated with limited survival. However, it cannot be regarded as futile medical treatment. Further studies are urgently needed for the rational guidance of clinical decision‐making.
Regulation of dopamine transporter function by protein‐protein interactions: new discoveries and methodological challenges
Authors: Eriksen Jacob , Jørgensen Trine Nygaard , Gether Ulrik 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2010.06599.xAbstractThe dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a key role in regulating dopaminergic signalling in the brain by mediating rapid clearance of dopamine from the synaptic clefts. The psychostimulatory actions of cocaine and amphetamine are primarily the result of a direct interaction of these compounds with DAT leading to attenuated dopamine clearance and for amphetamine even increased dopamine release. In the last decade, intensive efforts have been directed towards understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing the activity and availability of DAT in the plasma membrane of the pre‐synaptic neurons. This has led to the identification of a plethora of different kinases, receptors and scaffolding proteins that interact with DAT and hereby either modulate the catalytic activity of the transporter or regulate its trafficking and degradation. Several new tools for studying DAT regulation in live cells have also recently become available such as fluorescently tagged cocaine analogues and fluorescent substrates. Here we review the current knowledge about the role of protein‐protein interactions in DAT regulation as well as we describe the most recent methodological developments that have been established to overcome the challenges associated with the study of DAT in endogenous systems.
Treatment with normal prion protein delays differentiation and helps to maintain high proliferation activity in human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Lee Young Jin , Baskakov Ilia V. 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 362–373.AbstractThe normal cellular form of prion protein (PrPC) has been shown to exhibit a diverse range of biological activities. Several recent studies highlighted potential involvement of PrPC in embryogenesis or in regulating stem cell self‐renewal and proliferation. In the current study, we employed human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) for assessing the potential role of prion protein in early human development. Here, we showed that treatment of hESCs with full‐length recombinant PrP folded into an α‐helical conformation similar to that of PrPC delayed the spontaneous differentiation of hESCs and helped to maintain their high proliferation activity during spontaneous differentiation. Considering that administration of α‐rPrP was also found to down‐regulate the expression of endogenous PrPC, the effects of α‐rPrP were likely to be indirect, i.e. executed by endogenous PrPC. Together with previous observations, these work support the hypothesis that PrPC is involved in regulating self‐renewal/differentiation status of stem cells including hESCs.
Cell‐type dependent modulation of Notch signaling by the amyloid precursor protein
Authors: Oh Sun Young , Chen Ci‐Di , Abraham Carmela R. 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2010.06603.xAbstractThe amyloid precursor protein is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein that has been long implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease but its normal biological function has remained elusive despite extensive effort. We have previously reported the identification of Notch2 as an amyloid precursor protein interacting protein in E18 rat neurons. Here, we sought to reveal the physiologic consequences of this interaction. We report a functional relationship between amyloid precursor protein and Notch1, which does not affect Delta ligand binding. First, we observed interactions between the amyloid precursor protein and Notch in mouse embryonic stem cells lacking both presenilin 1 and presenilin 2, the active proteolytic components of the gamma‐secretase complex, suggesting that these two transmembrane proteins can interact in the absence of presenilin. Next, we demonstrated that the amyloid precursor protein affects Notch signaling by using Notch‐dependent luciferase assays in two cell lines, the human embryonic kidney 293 and the monkey kidney, COS7. We found that the amyloid precursor protein exerts opposing effects on Notch signaling in human embryonic kidney 293 vs. COS7 cells. Finally, we show that more Notch Intracellular Domain is found in the nucleus in the presence of exogenous amyloid precursor protein or its intracellular domain, suggesting the mechanism by which the amyloid precursor protein affects Notch signaling in certain cells. Our results provide evidence of potentially important communications between the amyloid precursor protein and Notch.
ON MORAL INCOHERENCE AND HIDDEN BATTLES: STEM CELL RESEARCH IN ARGENTINA
Authors: LUNA FLORENCIA , SALLES ARLEEN 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIn this article, the authors focus on Argentina's activity in the developing field of regenerative medicine, specifically stem cell research. They take as a starting point a recent article by Shawn Harmon (published in this journal) who argues that attempts to regulate the practice in Argentina are morally incoherent. The authors try to show first, that there is no such ‘attempt to legislate’ on stem cell research in Argentina and this is due to a number of reasons that they explain. Second, by examining the role played by different values, conflicting legal and moral views, and the influence of various actors, they attempt to show that the legislative silence regarding stem cell research may not necessarily be a manifestation of a legal/moral disconnection but rather a survival strategy for navigating the long and heated battle on the moral status of the embryo and the kind of treatment it deserves.
Global indicators of biological invasion: species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses
Authors: McGeoch Melodie A. , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Spear Dian , Marais Elrike , Kleynhans Elizabeth J. , Symes Andy , Chanson Janice , Hoffmann Michael 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim Invasive alien species (IAS) pose a significant threat to biodiversity. The Convention on Biological Diversity’s 2010 Biodiversity Target, and the associated indicator for IAS, has stimulated globally coordinated efforts to quantify patterns in the extent of biological invasion, its impact on biodiversity and policy responses. Here, we report on the outcome of indicators of alien invasion at a global scale.Location Global.Methods We developed four indicators in a pressure‐state‐response framework, i.e. number of documented IAS (pressure), trends in the impact of IAS on biodiversity (state) and trends in international agreements and national policy adoption relevant to reducing IAS threats to biodiversity (response). These measures were considered best suited to providing globally representative, standardized and sustainable indicators by 2010.Results We show that the number of documented IAS is a significant underestimate, because its value is negatively affected by country development status and positively by research effort and information availability. The Red List Index demonstrates that IAS pressure is driving declines in species diversity, with the overall impact apparently increasing. The policy response trend has nonetheless been positive for the last several decades, although only half of countries that are signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) have IAS‐relevant national legislation. Although IAS pressure has apparently driven the policy response, this has clearly not been sufficient and/or adequately implemented to reduce biodiversity impact.Main conclusions For this indicator of threat to biodiversity, the 2010 Biodiversity Target has thus not been achieved. The results nonetheless provide clear direction for bridging the current divide between information available on IAS and that needed for policy and management for the prevention and control of IAS. It further highlights the need for measures to ensure that policy is effectively implemented, such that it translates into reduced IAS pressure and impact on biodiversity beyond 2010.
Neuronal expression of a single‐subunit yeast NADH–ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Ndi1) extends Drosophila lifespan
Authors: Bahadorani Sepehr , Cho Jaehyoung , Lo Thomas , Contreras Heidy , Lawal Hakeem O. , Krantz David E. , Bradley Timothy J. , Walker David W. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryThe ‘rate of living’ theory predicts that longevity should be inversely correlated with the rate of mitochondrial respiration. However, recent studies in a number of model organisms, including mice, have reported that interventions that retard the aging process are, in fact, associated with an increase in mitochondrial activity. To better understand the relationship between energy metabolism and longevity, we supplemented the endogenous respiratory chain machinery of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster with the alternative single‐subunit NADH–ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Ndi1) of the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we report that expression of Ndi1 in fly mitochondria leads to an increase in NADH–ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity, oxygen consumption, and ATP levels. In addition, exogenous Ndi1 expression results in increased CO2 production in living flies. Using an inducible gene‐expression system, we expressed Ndi1 in different cells and tissues and examined the impact on longevity. In doing so, we discovered that targeted expression of Ndi1 in fly neurons significantly increases lifespan without compromising fertility or physical activity. These findings are consistent with the idea that enhanced respiratory chain activity in neuronal tissue can prolong fly lifespan.
Health‐related quality of life and bullying in adolescence
Authors: Frisén A , Bjarnelind S 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective:  To investigate if adolescents’ HRQL (Health‐Related Quality of Life) is associated with experiences of school bullying.Method:  A total of 758 adolescents completed a questionnaire to help examine HRQL and the prevalence of bullying.Results:  Associations were found between being bullied and all of the examined aspects of HRQL. To be involved in bullying – both as a bully and bully/victim (both bully and victim) – is related to experiences of physical and emotional difficulties. Being bullied during the latter school years affects aspects of HRQL to a greater extent than being bullied during earlier school years.Conclusion:  Peers have a pronounced influence on the adolescents’ life, which can be seen in the association between experiences of bullying and its association with HRQL. Being bullied is associated with significantly poorer ratings of HRQL for adolescents in nearly every aspect of day‐to‐day functioning and quality of life.
Serum levels of IGF1 are a useful predictor of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Pérez‐Muñuzuri A , Fernández‐Lorenzo JR , Couce‐Pico ML , Blanco‐Teijeiro MJ , Fraga‐Bermúdez JM 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective:  To ascertain whether insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and is a useful predictor of the disease. Although its aetiopathogenesis is multifactorial, development of the disease appears to be related to a deficiency in IGF1, a hormone that acts together with vascular endothelial growth factor in the normal angiogenesis in the retina.Design:  Prospective study for a 30‐month period.Participants:  A total of 74 premature newborn babies, of less than 1500 g and/or 32 weeks’ gestational age or less.Testing:  To determine the development and severity of ROP.Main outcome measures:  Serum levels of IGF1 were measured once a week from birth until 40 weeks corrected gestational age in each subject.Results:  Of our subjects, 32.4% developed some form of ROP, and all those ROP patients had the following characteristics at birth (median ± standard deviation scores): low weight (1098 ± 188 vs. 1393 ± 285 g), short length (36.74 ± 1.77 vs. 38.89 ± 3.08 cm), small cranial perimeter (26.03 ± 1.74 vs. 27.93 ± 1.81 cm) and young gestational age (29.7 ± 1.78 vs. 31.3 ± 1.79 weeks) (p < 0.05). Other factors previously associated with ROP that were also observed with statistically significant frequency in our ROP patients were bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intracranial haemorrhage, the need for erythrocyte transfusion or treatment with erythropoietin and sepsis (all p < 0.05). Levels of IGF1 at the 3rd week post‐partum, independent of gestational age at birth, were clearly lower in the group who developed ROP (29.13 vs. 43.16 ng/mL, p < 0.05). A value of 30 ng/mL of IGF1 in the third week post‐partum was found to have a 90% sensitivity in the diagnosis of ROP. A rapid rise in IGF1 levels between the 3rd and 5th weeks appeared to be related to the development of a higher stage of ROP.Conclusion: Determination of IGF1 serum levels in the 3rd week post‐partum, independent of gestational age at birth, provides a sufficient and reliable prognostic tool and allows the identification of a group of patients at high risk of developing the disease.