bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially explicit benefit–cost analysis of fire management for greenhouse gas abatement
Authors: HECKBERT SCOTT , RUSSELL‐SMITH JEREMY , REESON ANDREW , DAVIES JOCELYN , JAMES GLENN , MEYER CARL 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the economic potential for fire management to provide offsets to carbon markets in the savannas of northern Australia. Long‐term field trials in Australia's savannas have quantified greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions abatement resulting from improved fire management. However, little is known about the economic potential of fire management projects or the locations where projects might be economically viable for providing GHG offsets. A benefit–cost analysis of fire management for GHG offsets is presented here, which includes spatially explicit estimates for GHG abatement under three assumptions of management efficacy (conservative, empirically based, upper potential). The total supply of GHG abatement is estimated under different prices and management efficacy assumptions, and areas that pass the benefit–cost analysis are identified. At the Australian Government's carbon price of A$23 per metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2‐e), fire management would be economically viable across 51 million hectares, all within the higher monsoonal rainfall regions of northern Australia, abating 1.6 million tonnes of CO2‐e per year. These estimates suggest that fire management projects can contribute to GHG abatement targets and be financially viable across large areas of northern Australia. Additional benefits are anticipated from these projects for biodiversity conservation, livelihoods for indigenous Australians and economic development in remote regions.
Fetal heart rate patterns related to neonatal brain damage and neonatal death in placental abruption
Authors: Takano Yuuki , Furukawa Seishi , Ohashi Masanao , Michikata Kaori , Sameshima Hiroshi , Ikenoue Tsuyomu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between non‐reassuring fetal heart rate (NRFHR) patterns and poor neonatal outcome in placental abruption.Material and Methods:  A retrospective study was performed involving 83 placental abruptions with a live fetus at one tertiary and one secondary hospital in Miyazaki prefecture, Japan. We examined the correlation among NRFHR, umbilical arterial blood gas status, and neonatal poor outcomes, including neonatal death (ND) and cerebral palsy (CP).Results:  A total of 83 cases were divided into bradycardia (n = 27), recurrent late deceleration (rLD, n = 29), severe variable deceleration or prolonged deceleration (sVD/PD, n = 8), and other cases (n = 19). In the bradycardia group, the incidence of low umbilical artery (UA) pH (<7.0) was 59% and the average UA pH was 6.96 ± 0.22. Among these cases, 10 showed severe bradycardia (less than 80 b.p.m.) and an average UA pH of 6.85 ± 0.24, and four cases resulted in poor outcome (three CP and one ND). In the rLD group, the incidence of low UA pH (<7.0) was 7% and the average UA pH was 7.24 ± 0.12. In this group, a 40‐week‐old fetus with umbilical phlebitis had a lower UA pH (6.92) and developed CP. In the sVD/PD group, there were no cases of a low UA pH (<7.0) and the average UA pH was 7.30 ± 0.04. In this group, a 31‐week‐old boy with a UA pH of 7.36 developed CP (PVL). The remaining 19 cases had no CP.Conclusion:  Poor neonatal outcome of placental abruption is closely related to NRFHR, especially the degree of bradycardia. In the rLD and sVD/PD groups, risk factors, such as prematurity and fetal inflammation, co‐existed.
Pyomayoma during pregnancy: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kobayashi Fumimasa , Kondoh Eiji , Hamanishi Junzo , Kawamura Yosuke , Tatsumi Keiji , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPyomyoma (suppurative leiomyoma) is a rare but serious complication of uterine leiomyomas. Although the management of leiomyomas during pregnancy is usually expectant, prompt surgical intervention is mandatory for pyomyoma. We present a case of pyomyoma with peritonitis that necessitated myomectomy at 21 weeks of gestation in a 28‐year‐old nullipara in which the pregnancy continued to successful delivery at 37 weeks of gestation. Perinatal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated with pyomyoma may be improved by prompt surgical intervention even in the early second trimester. A brief review of the literature regarding pyomyoma associated with pregnancy is also described.
Expression of angiogenic chemokines in ovarian clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Quattrocchi Livia , Sisson Melanie , Green Andrew , Martin Stewart G. , Durrant Lindy , Deen Suha 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAims:  The aim of this study was to assess the expression of angiogenic chemokines (CXCR4/CXCL12) and the vascular endothelial growth factor in ovarian clear cell carcinoma, comparing levels against those in ovarian high‐grade serous carcinoma.Material and Methods:  Tissue microarray samples from 136 cases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (108 high‐grade serous carcinoma and 28 clear cell carcinoma) were reviewed with World Health Organization histological criteria strictly applied to categorize cases according to histological subtype. Only cases without prior exposure to chemotherapy were included. Sections were stained with vascular endothelial growth factor, CXCR4, CXCL12 and assessed using conventional histological scoring (H‐scoring).Results:  Patients with clear cell carcinoma presented at an early stage of the disease (74% stage 1 and 2) and had a significantly better progression‐free (P = 0.042) survival than those with high‐grade serous carcinoma. Low expression profile of the tested markers was seen in cases of clear cell carcinoma contrary to that seen in high‐grade serous carcinoma.Conclusion:  The current study reports, for the first time, the difference in expression of a set of angiogeneic prognostic markers between clear cell carcinoma and high‐grade serous carcinoma, offering a possible explanation for the apparent chemotherapy resistance. These results are relevant for the design of future clinical studies of first‐line treatment for patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma.
Association of maternal periodontal health with adverse pregnancy outcome
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Basra Minu , Begum Nargis , Rani Vigya , Prasad Sudha , Lamba Arundeep Kaur , Verma Mahesh , Agarwal Sarita , Sharma Shashi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim:  The present study aims to determine the association of periodontal disease (identified early in pregnancy) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a North Indian population.Material and Methods:  A total of 340 primigravida women, aged 20–35 years with single live pregnancy were recruited at 14–20 weeks period of gestation from the antenatal clinic. These women had undergone periodontal examination at time of recruitment. The pregnancy outcomes were recorded.Results:  Out of 340 primigravida women, 147 (43.23%) women had gingivitis and 61 (17.94%) women had periodontitis. Periodontitis was found to be significantly associated with pre‐eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, and low birthweight with odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 7.48 (2.72–22.42), 3.35 (1.20–9.55), 2.72 (1.30–5.68) and 3.03 (1.53–5.97), respectively.Conclusions:  The study shows a significant association between periodontitis (but not with gingivitis) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Maternal periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of pre‐eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery and low birthweight infants.
Modified vaginal dilation rat model for postpartum stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Huang Jian , Cheng Mingjun , Ding Yan , Chen Limei , Hua Keqin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to develop a modified rat model for postpartum stress urinary incontinence (SUI) which can be easily established and which will steadily evaluate urodynamic changes.Material and Methods:  A urinary catheter was placed into the vaginas of rats (n = 40) and the balloon was inflated for 8 h to simulate labor. A whisker was inserted into the nostril to induce sneezing. The urodynamic changes induced by vaginal dilation or sneezing were observed by measurement of leak point pressure (LPP), and maximum bladder volume. Serum lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were tested, and the mRNA expression of caspase‐3 in pubococcygeus muscle tissue was measured to show the effect of muscle injury in SUI.Results:  After 8 h of balloon vaginal dilation, a rat model of postpartum SUI was established with a success rate of 72.5% (29/40). By sneeze assay, SUI was noted in 100% (5/5), 80% (4/5), 60% (3/5), 60% (3/5) and 40% (2/5) of experimental rats on day 1, 7, 14, 28 and 56, respectively. No SUI was found in the control group (n = 10). The level of serum LDH and CK in these 29 experimental rats initially increased, peaked on day 7, and finally decreased toward normal values. Compared with control rats, the differences were significant (P < 0.05). The expression of the caspase‐3 gene in pubococcygeal muscle of experimental rats peaked on day 1 and decreased thereafter, while no such change was seen in the control group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Eight hours of vaginal balloon dilation resulted in SUI in this rat model. The alterations in serum LDH and CK, and in the muscle's apoptotic genes mimic those observed in human postpartum SUI patients. It can therefore be considered as a useful animal model for the study on the pathogenesis of postpartum SUI.
Effect of raloxifene and atorvastatin in atherosclerotic process in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Çetinkaya Demir Bilge , Uyar Yıldız , Özbilgin Kemal , Köse Can 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim:  The goal of this study was to investigate the combined effects of raloxifene and atorvastatin in aged ovariectomized rats during endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic process.Material and Methods:  This study was conducted on 28 Wistar albino female rats randomly divided into four groups. All groups were ovariectomized and one group was kept as the control group (OVX). For four weeks, the remaining three groups were treated with the statin atorvastatin (OVX+AV), the selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene (OVX+RL), and both atorvastatin and raloxifene (OVX+RL+AV), respectively. At the end of the treatment period, all rats were sacrificed and thoracic aortas excised, and endothelial cells were immunohistochemically stained for markers in the atherosclerotic process, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α).Results:  Compared to the ovariectomized group, the iNOS level was significantly increased in the OVX+RL group (P = 0.002), but contrarily decreased in the groups OVX+AV (P = 0.002) and OVX+RL+AV (P = 0.002). eNOS levels in the groups OVX+AV (P = 0.002) and OVX+RL+AV (P = 0.002) were significantly lower than that in the OVX group. When compared to the OVX group, significant reductions in ET‐1 and TNF‐α levels were found in all treatment groups. A significant decrement in MCP‐1 level was found in the OVX+AV group (P = 0.002).Conclusion:  In aged ovariectomized rats, the administration of both raloxifene and atorvastatin significantly decreased the levels of ET‐1 and TNF‐α on endothelial cells. Combined treatment with these drugs shortly after menopause might play a potential preventive role in the early stages of atherosclerosis development.
Bilateral ovarian involvement: A rare presentation of disseminated multiple myeloma
Authors: Kazeminezhad Behrang , Zare‐mirzaie Ali , Mirafsharieh Abbas , Soleimantabar Hussein , Zahedifard Sara 
Published: July 2012

AbstractExtramedullary spread of multiple myeloma is extremely rare. This paper reports a case of bilateral ovarian involvement in plasma cell myeloma. The patient was a 48‐year‐old Persian woman who experienced constitutional symptoms, bone pain and flashing for one year. Her condition showed multiple myeloma with lytic lesions of the skull, plasma cell infiltration in bone marrow and positive light chain lambda type in serum. Workup showed huge bilateral ovarian masses, and ovarian metastasis from plasma cell myeloma was confirmed after pathologic assessment. Multiple myeloma spread to ovary is rare and according to our knowledge, this is the fourth reported case of bilateral ovarian involvement in extramedullary multiple myeloma.
MicroRNA‐132 regulates recognition memory and synaptic plasticity in the perirhinal cortex
Authors: Scott Helen L. , Tamagnini Francesco , Narduzzo Katherine E. , Howarth Joanna L. , Lee Youn‐Bok , Wong Liang‐Fong , Brown Malcolm W. , Warburton Elizabeth C. , Bashir Zafar I. , Uney James B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEvidence suggests that the acquisition of recognition memory depends upon CREB‐dependent long‐lasting changes in synaptic plasticity in the perirhinal cortex.The CREB‐responsive microRNA miR‐132 has been shown to regulate synaptic transmission and we set out to investigate a role for this microRNA in recognition memory and its underlying plasticity mechanisms. To this end we mediated the specific overexpression of miR‐132 selectively in the rat perirhinal cortex and demonstrated impairment in short‐term recognition memory. This functional deficit was associated with a reduction in both long‐term depression and long‐term potentiation. These results confirm that microRNAs are key coordinators of the intracellular pathways that mediate experience‐dependent changes in the brain. In addition, these results demonstrate a role for miR‐132 in the neuronal mechanisms underlying the formation of short‐term recognition memory.
Changes in the microbial community structure of bacteria, archaea and fungi in response to elevated CO2 and warming in an Australian native grassland soil
Authors: Hayden Helen L. , Mele Pauline M. , Bougoure Damian S. , Allan Claire Y. , Norng Sorn , Piceno Yvette M. , Brodie Eoin L. , DeSantis Todd Z. , Andersen Gary L. , Williams Amity L. , Hovenden Mark J. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe microbial community structure of bacteria, archaea and fungi is described in an Australian native grassland soil after more than 5 years exposure to different atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) (ambient, + 550 ppm) and temperatures (ambient, + 2°C) under different plant functional types (C
3 and C
4 grasses) and at two soil depths (0–5 cm and 5–10 cm). Archaeal community diversity was influenced by elevated [CO2], while under warming archaeal 16S rRNA gene copy numbers increased for C
4 plant Themeda triandra and decreased for the C
3 plant community (P < 0.05). Fungal community diversity resulted in three groups based upon elevated [CO2], elevated [CO2] plus warming and ambient [CO2]. Overall bacterial community diversity was influenced primarily by depth. Specific bacterial taxa changed in richness and relative abundance in response to climate change factors when assessed by a high‐resolution 16S rRNA microarray (PhyloChip). Operational taxonomic unit signal intensities increased under elevated [CO2] for both Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and increased under warming for Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria. For the interaction of elevated [CO2] and warming there were 103 significant operational taxonomic units (P < 0.01) representing 15 phyla and 30 classes. The majority of these operational taxonomic units increased in abundance for elevated [CO2] plus warming plots, while abundance declined in warmed or elevated [CO2] plots. Bacterial abundance (16S rRNA gene copy number) was significantly different for the interaction of elevated [CO2] and depth (P < 0.05) with decreased abundance under elevated [CO2] at 5–10 cm, and for Firmicutes under elevated [CO2] (P < 0.05). Bacteria, archaea and fungi in soil responded differently to elevated [CO2], warming and their interaction. Taxa identified as significantly climate‐responsive could show differing trends in the direction of response (‘+’ or ‘−’) under elevated CO2 or warming, which could then not be used to predict their interactive effects supporting the need to investigate interactive effects for climate change. The approach of focusing on specific taxonomic groups provides greater potential for understanding complex microbial community changes in ecosystems under climate change.
Private duty nurses in Greek hospitals: a literature review
Authors: Papageorgiou D. , Fouka G. , Plakas S. , Kelesi M. , Fasoi G. , Vardaki Z. 
Published: July 2012

PAPAGEORGIOU D., FOUKA G., PLAKAS S., KELESI M., FASOI G. & VARDAKI Z. (2012) Private duty nurses in Greek hospitals: a literature review. International Nursing ReviewAim:  The study aims to provide an overview of the practice of private duty nurses in Greek hospitals.Background:  For several decades, it has been a necessity for some hospital patients to hire private duty nurses (PDNs) to counterbalance the inadequacies of hospital infrastructures. In the current economic crisis in Greece, the majority of patients will not be able to afford to pay for private nursing care.Methods:  Databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar and national sources were searched for relevant literature through a range of keywords. Information gathered was evaluated for relevance and grouped on a thematic basis.Findings:  Five articles met the inclusion criteria. Nearly 90% of PDNs have secondary levels of education or below. Approximately 15% of patients use PDNs at night due to nurse shortages and inability of their families to stay with them. Fifty per cent of the relatives reported being very unsatisfied with PDN services, while the cost for the use of a PDN is rather high.Conclusion:  The existence of private duty nursing has been largely responsible for protecting healthcare authorities from the need to develop effective care infrastructures. In the current economic climate, nursing and healthcare authorities must staff wards appropriately for safe, free and efficient care for all patients. Effective utilization of the national nursing and healthcare workforce – including PDNs with appropriate qualifications – and matching demand with the necessary skills is essential.
Valuing Lives and Allocating Resources: A Defense of the Modified Youngest First Principle of Scarce Resource Distribution
Authors: Tallman Ruth 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I argue that the ‘modified youngest first’ principle provides a morally appropriate criterion for making decisions regarding the distribution of scarce medical resources, and that it is morally preferable to the simple ‘youngest first’ principle. Based on the complete lives system's goal of maximizing complete lives rather than individual life episodes, I argue that essential to the value we see in complete lives is the first person value attributed by the experiencer of that life. For a life to be ‘complete’ or ‘incomplete,’ the subject of that life must be able to understand the concept of a complete life, to have started goals and projects, and to know what it would be for that life to be complete. As the very young are not able to do this, it can reasonably be said that their characteristically human lives have not yet begun, giving those accepting a complete lives approach good reason to accept the modified youngest first principle over a simple ‘youngest first’ approach.
‘One Can Always Say No.’ Enriching the Bioethical Debate on Antisocial Behaviour, Neurobiology and Prevention: Views of Juvenile Delinquents
Authors: Horstkötter Dorothee , Berghmans Ron , Feron Frans , De Wert Guido 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTGenomic and neuro‐scientific research into the causes and course of antisocial behaviour triggers bioethical debate. Often, these new developments are met with reservation, and possible drawbacks and negative side‐effects are pointed out. This article reflects on these scientific developments and the bioethical debate by means of an exploration of the perspectives of one important stakeholder group: juveniles convicted of a serious crime who stay in a juvenile justice institution. The views of juveniles are particularly interesting, as possible applications of current and future scientific findings are considered to be most effective if applied early in life. Based on their statements we come to the following provisional conclusions. Concerns about labelling and stigmatization are recognized and widely shared. Possible effects on one's identity are acknowledged too. Yet, a possible biological underpinning of one's antisocial behaviour is not considered to result in the development of a criminal identity. Nonetheless, psychopharmacological interventions are experienced as endangering one's current self. Concerns regarding the refusal of responsibility and the blaming of one's genes or brain can be put into perspective. Instead, participants emphasize the motive of own choice as underlying their criminal behaviour. Moreover, bioethical debate should pay attention to the role of parents of children at risk and the parent‐child relationship in families at‐risk. We argue that the short‐term and long‐term interests of children at risk, as well as their interests and those of society at large, may conflict. In order to deal appropriately with newly arising dilemmas, a normative framework needs to be developed.
Competence and Ability
Authors: Vogelstein Eric 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIt is nearly universally thought that the kind of decision‐making competence that gives one a strong prima facie right to make one's own medical decisions essentially involves having an ability (or abilities) of some sort, or having a certain level or degree of ability (or abilities). When put under philosophical scrutiny, however, this kind of theory does not hold up. I will argue that being competent does not essentially involve abilities, and I will propose and defend a theory of decision‐making competence according to which one is competent only if one possesses a certain kind of rationality in making treatment decisions.
The Principle of Procreative Beneficence: Old Arguments and A New Challenge
Authors: Hotke Andrew 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIn the last ten years, there have been a number of attempts to refute Julian Savulescu's Principle of Procreative Beneficence; a principle which claims that parents have a moral obligation to have the best child that they can possibly have. So far, no arguments against this principle have succeeded at refuting it. This paper tries to explain the shortcomings of some of the more notable arguments against this principle. I attempt to break down the argument for the principle and in doing so, I explain what is needed to properly refute it. This helps me show how and why the arguments of Rebecca Bennett, Sarah Stoller and others fail to refute the principle. Afterwards, I offer a new challenge to the principle. I attack what I understand to be a fundamental premise of the argument, a premise which has been overlooked in the literature written about this principle. I argue that there is no reason to suppose, as Savulescu does, that morality requires us to do what we have most reason to do. If we reject this premise, as I believe we have reason to do, the argument for Procreative Beneficence fails.