bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Preprocedural Statin Therapy on Clinical Outcomes for Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Ko Dennis T. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Yun Lingsong , Austin Peter C. , Cantor Warren J. , Tu Jack V. 
Published: June 2011

Background—
Data have shown that preprocedural statin therapy reduces periprocedural myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, whether preprocedural statins improve clinical outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been established. We aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of preprocedural statin therapy in patients with stable CAD undergoing PCI.

Methods and Results—

We conducted an observational study of 12 980 patients, age >65 years with stable CAD, who underwent PCI from December 1, 2003, to March 31, 2008. Using propensity score–matching analysis, 3098 unique matched pairs (6196 patients) who had similar likelihood of receiving preprocedural statins were identified. Additional analyses adjusting for postprocedural statins as a time-varying variable were performed. The main outcome measure was a composite of death or recurrent acute coronary syndrome. In the propensity-matched cohort, at 90 days, the primary outcome of death and acute coronary syndrome occurred in 5.6% in the preprocedural statin group as compared with 7.4% in the no-pretreatment group (
P
=0.005). Improved clinical outcomes associated with preprocedural statins were still observed at 2 years (16.7% versus 19.3%,
P
=0.007). The effectiveness of preprocedural statins was most pronounced at 90 days after PCI (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.98) but was no longer significant at 1 year (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 1.07) after accounting for postprocedural statin therapy.

Conclusions—
Preprocedural statin therapy was associated with significant reduction in the risk of death or recurrent acute coronary syndrome in stable CAD patients after PCI. These findings support the routine use of preprocedural statins for suitable candidates.
A Simple, Minimal Parameter Model for Predicting the Influence of Changing Land Cover on the Land–Atmosphere System+
Authors: Bagley Justin E. , Desai Ankur R. , West Paul C. , Foley Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The impacts of changing land cover on the soil–vegetation–atmosphere system are numerous. With the fraction of land used for farming and grazing expected to increase, extensive alterations to land cover such as replacing forests with cropland will continue. Therefore, quantifying the impact of global land-cover scenarios on the biosphere is critical. The Predicting Ecosystem Goods and Services Using Scenarios boundary layer (PegBL) model is a new global soil–vegetation–boundary layer model designed to quantify these impacts and act as a complementary tool to computationally expensive general circulation models and large-eddy simulations. PegBL provides high spatial resolution and inexpensive first-order estimates of land-cover change on the surface energy balance and atmospheric boundary layer with limited input requirements. The model uses a climatological-data-driven land surface model that contains only the physics necessary to accurately reproduce observed seasonal cycles of fluxes and state variables for natural and agricultural ecosystems. A bulk boundary layer model was coupled to the land model to estimate the impacts of changing land cover on the lower atmosphere. The model most realistically simulated surface–atmosphere dynamics and impacts of land-cover change at tropical rain forest and northern boreal forest sites. Further, simple indices to measure the potential impact of land-cover change on boundary layer climate were defined and shown to be dependent on boundary layer dynamics and geographically similar to results from previous studies, which highlighted the impacts of land-cover change on the atmosphere in the tropics and boreal forest.
The Impact of Party Control on the Diffusion of Parental Involvement Laws in the U.S. States
Authors: Medoff Marshall H. , Dennis Christopher , Stephens Kerri 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe authors examine the impact of political party control of government on the restrictiveness of a U.S. state's abortion policy, measured by the enactment of a parental involvement law. The empirical results show that (1) institutional control of a state's legislative and executive branches of government by the Republican Party increases the likelihood a state will enact a parental involvement law, while Democratic Party control decreases this likelihood; (2) the more conservative state public opinion is on abortion rights, the more likely a state is to enact a parental involvement law; (3) public anti-abortion attitudes do not act as a moderating force on the link between political party control and the enactment of a parental involvement law; and (4) the impact of political party control on the enactment of a parental involvement law has grown larger over time.
Exhaled nitric oxide and clinical phenotypes of childhood asthma
Authors: Mahut Bruno , Peyrard Séverine , Delclaux Christophe 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Whether exhaled NO helps to identify a specific phenotype of asthmatic patients remains debated. Our aims were to evaluate whether exhaled NO (FENO0.05) is independently associated (1) with underlying pathophysiological characteristics of asthma such as airway tone (bronchodilator response) and airway inflammation (inhaled corticosteroid [ICS]-dependant inflammation), and (2) with clinical phenotypes of asthma.
We performed multivariate (exhaled NO as dependent variable) and k-means cluster analyses in a population of 169 asthmatic children (age ± SD: 10.5 ± 2.6 years) recruited in a monocenter cohort that was characterized in a cross-sectional design using 28 parameters describing potentially different asthma domains: atopy, environment (tobacco), control, exacerbations, treatment (inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting bronchodilator agonist), and lung function (airway architecture and tone).
Two subject-related characteristics (height and atopy) and two disease-related characteristics (bronchodilator response and ICS dose > 200 μg/d) explained 36% of exhaled NO variance. Nine domains were isolated using principal component analysis. Four clusters were further identified: cluster 1 (47%): boys, unexposed to tobacco, with well-controlled asthma; cluster 2 (26%): girls, unexposed to tobacco, with well-controlled asthma; cluster 3 (6%): girls or boys, unexposed to tobacco, with uncontrolled asthma associated with increased airway tone, and cluster 4 (21%): girls or boys, exposed to parental smoking, with small airway to lung size ratio and uncontrolled asthma. FENO0.05 was not different in these four clusters.
In conclusion, FENO0.05 is independently linked to two pathophysiological characteristics of asthma (ICS-dependant inflammation and bronchomotor tone) but does not help to identify a clinically relevant phenotype of asthmatic children.
Detection of mild cognitive impairment in people older than 65 years of age and its relationship to cardiovascular risk factors (DECRIVAM)
Authors: Perea-Bartolome M Victoria , García-García Ricardo , Ladera-Fernández Valentina , Mora-Simón Sara , Patino-Alonso María C , Almanza-Guerra Tita J , Agudo-Conde Cristina , Muriel-Diez M Paz , Rodríguez-Sánchez Emiliano 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
Studies centered on the detection of cognitive impairment and its relationship to cardiovascular risk factors in elderly people have gained special relevance in recent years. Knowledge of the cardiovascular risk factors that may be associated to cognitive impairment could be very useful for introducing treatments in early stages - thereby possibly contributing to improve patient quality of life.
The present study explores cognitive performance in people over 65 years of age in Salamanca (Spain), with special emphasis on the identification of early symptoms of cognitive impairment, with the purpose of detecting mild cognitive impairment and of studying the relationships between this clinical situation and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods/Design
A longitudinal study is contemplated. The reference population will consist of 420 people over 65 years of age enrolled through randomized sampling stratified by healthcare area, and who previously participated in another study. Measurement: a) Sociodemographic variables; b) Cardiovascular risk factors; c) Comorbidity; d) Functional level for daily life activities; and e) Study of higher cognitive functions based on a neuropsychological battery especially adapted to the evaluation of elderly people.

Discussion
We hope that this study will afford objective information on the representative prevalence of cognitive impairment in the population over 65 years of age in Salamanca. We also hope to obtain data on the relationship between cognitive impairment and cardiovascular risk factors in this specific population group. Based on the results obtained, we also will be able to establish the usefulness of some of the screening tests applied during the study, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination and the 7 Minute Screen test.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01327196
Defective response of CD4+T cells to retinoic acid and TGFβ in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sobel Eric S , Brusko Todd M , Butfiloski Ed J , Hou Wei , Li Shiwu , Cuda Carla M , Abid Ariana N , Reeves Westley H , Morel Laurence 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Introduction
CD25+ FOXP3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are induced by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and further expanded by retinoic acid (RA). We have previously shown that this process was defective in T cells from lupus-prone mice expressing the novel isoform of the Pbx1 gene, Pbx1-d. This study tested the hypothesis that CD4+ T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exhibited similar defects in Treg induction in response to TGFβ and RA, and that PBX1-d expression is associated with this defect.

Methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 142 SLE patients and 83 healthy controls (HCs). The frequency of total, memory and naïve CD4+ T cells was measured by flow cytometry on fresh cells. PBX1 isoform expression in purified CD4+ T cells was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PBMCs were stimulated for three days with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 in the presence or absence of TGFβ and RA. The expression of CD25 and FOXP3 on CD4+ T cells was then determined by flow cytometry. In vitro suppression assays were performed with sorted CD25+ and CD25- FOXP3+ T cells. CD4+ T cell subsets or their expansion were compared between patients and HCs with two-tailed Mann-Whitney tests and correlations between the frequencies of two subsets were tested with Spearman tests.

Results
The percentage of CD25- FOXP3+ CD4+ (CD25- Tregs) T cells was greater in SLE patients than in HCs, but these cells, contrary to their matched CD25+ counterparts, did not show a suppressive activity. RA-expansion of TGFβ-induced CD25+ Tregs was significantly lower in SLE patients than in HCs, although SLE Tregs expanded significantly more than HCs in response to either RA or TGFβ alone. Defective responses were also observed for the SLE CD25- Tregs and CD25+ FOXP3- activated CD4+ T cells as compared to controls. PBX1-d expression did not affect Treg induction, but it significantly reduced the expansion of CD25- Tregs and prevented the reduction of the activated CD25+ FOXP3- CD4+ T cell subset by the combination of TGFβ and RA.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that the induction of Tregs by TGFβ and RA was defective in SLE patients and that PBX1-d expression in CD4+ T cells is associated with an impaired regulation of FOXP3 and CD25 by TGFβ and RA on these cells. These results suggest an impaired integration of the TGFβ and RA signals in SLE T cells and implicate the PBX1 gene in this process.
Quetiapine in refractory hyperactive and mixed intensive care delirium: a case series
Authors: Wan Ruth YY , Kasliwal Moneesha , McKenzie Catherine A , Barrett Nicholas A 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Delirium affects up to 80% of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Haloperidol is the gold standard for treatment, although quetiapine has been successfully used in the management of delirium.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of patients admitted to the ICU between February 2008 and May 2010 who were prescribed quetiapine by the attending clinician. Data collected included demographics, history of drug and/or alcohol dependence, ICU and hospital length of stay, length of mechanical ventilation and the duration of treatment with sedatives and medications for delirium. The daily dose of quetiapine was recorded. Hyperactive or mixed delirium was identified by a validated chart review and a Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) score persistently greater than 1 for 48 hours despite therapy.

Results
Seventeen patients were included. Delirium onset occurred after a median of five days. Patients were being given at least four agents for delirium prior to the introduction of quetiapine, and they had a median RASS score of 3. Quetiapine was initiated at a 25 mg daily dose and titrated to a median daily dose of 50 mg. The median duration of delirium prior to quetiapine therapy was 15 days. Quetiapine commencement was associated with a reduction in the need for other medications (within 0 to 6 days) and resolution of delirium within a median of four days. Adverse events included somnolence and transient hypotension.

Conclusions
This case series provides an initial effort to explore a possible role for quetiapine in the management of refractory hyperactive and mixed ICU delirium.
Nuocytes: expanding the innate cell repertoire in type-2 immunity
Authors: Barlow Jillian L , McKenzie Andrew N J 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTActivation and differentiation of the Th1 cell population lead to their production of the classical type-1 cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-β, thus promoting type-1 immunity. This is thought to occur via the ligation of TLRs by bacterial and viral products, which in turn, drive production of the essential Th1 cell differentiation factor, IL-12, by dendritic cells (DCs). Concurrent studies have been able to identify the effector cytokines produced by Th2 cells (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13) as being essential for parasitic immunity and also as essential factors in allergic asthma. However, the factors that are critical for initiation of the type-2 response remained obscure. Recently however, two critical observations have led to a more detailed understanding of the innate type-2 response. First, two novel, type-2-inducing cytokines—IL-25 and IL-33—were identified as being necessary for the up-regulation of the type-2 effector cytokines, mirroring the role of IL-12 in the type-1 response. Second, studies focused on target cell populations of IL-25 and IL-33 have identified novel, innate cell populations, which potentially bridge the gap between presentation of the type-2-inducing cytokine and the later adaptive Th2 cell response. In this review, we will discuss these new type-2 innate cell populations, in particular, the recently discovered nuocyte population, which are required for type-2 responses against helminthic parasites.
Transfer of a Motor Fascicle From the Ulnar Nerve to the Branch of the Radial Nerve Destined to the Long Head of the Triceps for Restoration of Elbow Extension in Brachial Plexus Surgery
Authors: Flores Leandro Pretto 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Restoration of elbow extension has not been considered of much importance regarding functional outcomes in brachial plexus surgery; however, the flexion of the elbow joint is only fully effective if the motion can be stabilized, what can be achieved solely if the triceps brachii is coactivated. To present a novel nerve transfer of a healthy motor fascicle from the ulnar nerve to the nerve of the long head of the triceps to restore the elbow extension function in brachial plexus injuries involving the upper and middle trunks.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
Case 1 is a 32-year-old man sustaining a right brachial extended upper plexus injury in a motorcycle accident 5 months before admission. The computed tomography myelogram demonstrated avulsion of the C5 and C6 roots. Case 2 is a 24-year-old man who sustained a C5-C7 injury to the left brachial plexus in a traffic accident 4 months before admission. Computed tomography myelogram demonstrated signs of C6 and C7 root avulsion. The technique included an incision at the medial border of the biceps, in the proximal third of the involved arm, followed by identification of the ulnar nerve, the radial nerve, and the branch to the long head of the triceps. The proximal stump of a motor fascicle from the ulnar nerve was sutured directly to the distal stump of the nerve of the long head of the triceps. Techniques to restore elbow flexion and shoulder abduction were applied in both cases. Triceps strength Medical Research Council M4 grade was obtained in both cases.

CONCLUSION:
The attempted nerve transfer was effective for restoration of elbow extension in primary brachial plexus surgery; however, it should be selected only for cases in which other reliable donor nerves were used to restore elbow flexion.
Bedeutung der Interoperabilität bei Entwurf und Nutzung von automatisierten Produktionssystemen
Authors: Diedrich Christian , Lüder Arndt , Hundt Lorenz 
Published: June 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die strukturelle und verhaltensbezogene Komplexität von Produktionssystemen und ihrer Entwurfsprozesse stieg in den letzten Jahren kontinuierlich an. Daher ist es notwendig, diese Systeme bezüglich ihrer Nutzbarkeit und Veränderbarkeit auf neue Art und Weise zu bewerten. Ein Mittel für diese Bewertung ist die Untersuchung der Integration und Interaktion der Elemente von Produktionssystemen und Entwurfsprozessen. Auf ihrer Basis können neue Wege zur Verbessung der Struktur und des Verhaltens dieser Systeme und Prozesse entwickelt werden. Im Rahmen dieses Fachartikels werden unterschiedliche Integrationsgrade, darunter auch die Interoperabilität, auf der Basis der Modellaspekte Syntax und Semantik in eine Integrationsmatrix eingeordnet. An zwei Beispielen wird aufgezeigt, welche Bedeutung die verschiedenen Integrationsgrade in der praktischen Anwendung besitzen.
Combating Long‐Term Global Poverty: A Thought Piece
Authors: Williams Reginald M 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a new account of how to reduce global poverty, and of the moral basis for doing so. I argue that if humans have a right not to be severely poor, as Pogge has helped to establish in philosophical literature, the world's severely poor should be relocated to nearby societies with existing infrastructure which can be expanded, and affluent nations should finance this as much as they can. To defend this position, I present an analogy, according to which the world's severely poor should be seen as economic refugees and thus assisted in relocating to societies that will respect their right not to be severely poor.
Poverty, Inequality and Subjective Quality of Life in Rural Russia during the Transition to a Market Economy: 1991‐2006
Authors: O'Brien David John , Wegren Stephen K. , Patsiorkvosky Valery V. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAbstract Survey data is used to examine the relationship between changes in indicators of poverty and inequality in Russia and the subjective quality of life and mental health of rural residents in that country from 1991 to 2006. The effect of changes in incidences of poverty and inequality on the overall mental health of the rural population is straightforward, with a substantial lowering of symptoms of depression following the economic stabilization of Russia after 2000. The relationship between changing material conditions and average subjective assessments of quality of life during this same time period is more complex, with gains in material quality of life associated with gains in some life domains, not much change in others and in a loss in satisfaction with village life. Within the sample of households in the 2006 survey, incremental gains in income are associated with substantial gains in mental health outcomes. The effect of gains of income on subjective quality of life indicators also is positive but not as strong as in the case of mental health.
The Two Poverty Enlightenments: Historical Insights from Digitized Books Spanning Three Centuries
Authors: Ravallion Martin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWord searches of Google's library of digitized books suggest that there have been two “Poverty Enlightenments” since 1700, one near the end of the 18th century and the second near the end of the 20th. The historical literature suggests that only the second came with a widespread belief that poverty could and should be eliminated. After the first Poverty Enlightenment, references to “poverty” (as a percentage of all words) were on a trend decline until 1960, after which there was a striking resurgence of interest, which came with rising attention to economics and more frequent references to both general and specific policies relevant to poverty. Developing countries also became more prominent in the literature. Both Enlightenments came with greater attention to human rights. The written record reflects the push‐back against government intervention and the retreat from leftist economics and politics since the late 1970s. Although many debates from 200 years ago continue today, there is little sign that the modern revival of the classical 19th century views on the limitations of government has come with a revival of the complacency about poverty that was common early in that century.
Simulation of Injection Molding Using a Model with Delayed Fiber Orientation
Authors: Vélez-García G. M. , Mazahir S. M. , Wapperom P. , Baird D. G. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Delay in fiber orientation evolution based on the Folgar-Tucker model with a slip parameter correction has been proposed as a simple alternative to improve predictions of fiber orientation in injection molded parts. Predictions based on this model and model parameters fitted to data from simple shear experiments were compared with experimentally determined fiber orientation in a center-gated disk. Three methods of fitting to simple shear data were assessed to obtain the isotropic diffusivity and the slip parameter. The model parameters and orientation data evaluated at the entry, lubrication and near-end-of fill regions in a center-gated disk for 30 wt.% short glass fiber-filled polybutylene terephtalate (PBT) were obtained from earlier efforts in our laboratory. Simulation results based on the Folgar-Tucker model with the slip correction using customarily assumed inlet orientation being random and experimentally measured at the gate disagreed with measured orientation values at certain positions along the disk. However, improvement in the prediction of orientation due the slip correction was found at the core and transition layers in the lubrication region. The use of inlet conditions washes out quickly in the absence of the slip correction and induced a general reduction of orientation towards the center of the sample causing underestimation of orientation at the entry and lubrication region. Model predictions combining the slip correction and experimentally determined orientation at the gate are in agreement with the experimental data for the core layers near the end-of-fill region.