bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PS18-03: The Association between Food Deserts, Food Swamps, and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Mortality in the United States
Authors: Bevel Malcolm , Tsai Meng-Han , Parham April , Andrzejak Sydney , Jones Samantha , Moore Justin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose:
Breast cancer (BRCA), the 4th leading cause of cancer death in the United States (U.S.), is one of 13 obesity-related cancers. Healthy food consumption is a protective factor shown to decrease obesity risk and postmenopausal BRCA mortality, respectively. However, residing in geographical areas with no access to healthy food options (food deserts) or unhealthy food options (food swamps) reduces access to healthy foods and has been severely understudied. We examined the relationship between residing in food swamps and deserts with postmenopausal BRCA mortality.
Methods:
We conducted an ecological analysis utilizing 2010 – 2020 Center for Disease Control and Prevention postmenopausal BRCA mortality data (restricted to 45+ years old) and aggregated 2012 – 2020 data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Environment Atlas data. Food swamp score (FS) was calculated as the ratio of fast-food and convenience stores to grocery stores and farmer’s markets. Food desert score (FD) was calculated as the proportion of residents living more than one mile (urban) or 10 miles (rural) from a grocery store and household income ≤ 200% of the federal poverty threshold. We categorized FD and FS to low, moderate, or high; higher scores indicated counties with poorer healthy food resources. Multilevel generalized mixed effects models were used to estimate the mentioned association.
Results:
2,280 counties/county equivalents with high postmenopausal BRCA mortality rates had higher percentage of non-Hispanic (NH)-Black population (5.80 vs. 2.08), poverty rates (17.2 vs. 14.2), and high food swamp scored areas (39.0 vs. 24.5) versus counties/county equivalents with low postmenopausal BRCA mortality rates (p-value &lt; 0.0001). After adjusting for age, percentage of NH-Blacks per county, and poverty rate, we found 42% increased odds of having high postmenopausal BRCA mortality rates among U.S. counties/county equivalents with high food swamp scores (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.14 – 1.78).
Conclusions:
Sampled U.S. counties with the poorest food swamp environment had significantly increased odds of postmenopausal BRCA mortality. We suggest that local policymakers and community stakeholders should employ sustainable approaches at combating obesity and BRCA by increasing healthier accessible food sources (e.g. creating more walkable neighborhoods and community gardens).
Citation Format: Malcolm Bevel, Meng-Han Tsai, April Parham, Sydney Andrzejak, Samantha Jones, Justin Moore. The Association between Food Deserts, Food Swamps, and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Mortality in the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PS18-03.
Abstract PS18-10: Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Breast Cancer Mortality in Racially and Ethnically Diverse Participants of the Northern California Breast Cancer Family Registry
Authors: Ransohoff Julia , Miller Iain , Koo Jocelym , Joshi Vishal , Kurian Allison , Allison Kimberly , John Esther , Telli Melinda 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose:
Greater stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (sTIL) percentage in pre-treatment breast tumor specimens is associated with superior response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival. We hypothesized that sTIL-survival associations vary by race and ethnicity and mediate survival disparities.
Patients and Methods: We evaluated pre-treatment percentages of sTILs in deciles for 284 women enrolled in the Northern California Breast Cancer Family Registry and diagnosed with a first primary invasive breast cancer from 1995-2005. We assessed associations of continuous sTIL scores and lymphocyte-predominant breast cancer (LPBC, defined as ≥50% lymphocytic infiltration of tumor stroma or cell nests) with clinical and epidemiologic characteristics using regression analysis and with breast cancer-specific mortality (BCM) and overall mortality (OM) using Cox proportional hazards regression.
Results:
The cohort was diverse (64% from racially and ethnically minoritized populations) with near-complete (98%) germline BRCA1/2 testing and long-term follow-up (average 16.2 years, range: 1.3-26.7). In multivariable analyses, higher sTIL score was associated with reduced BCM [LPBC versus non-LPBC: HR=0.44 (95% confidence interval 0.20-0.98); and per decile increase in sTIL score: HR=0.80 (0.69-0.93)], with the strongest association in the subset of patients with hormone receptor-negative disease [HR=0.71 (0.57-0.88) and HR=0.37 (0.14-0.94), respectively]. While there was no significant difference in sTIL score between racial and ethnic groups, the continuous sTIL-survival association was statistically significant among non-Hispanic White [HR=0.73 (0.57-0.94)] and Asian American [HR=0.56 (0.35-0.89)] women but was not seen among African American and Hispanic women.
Conclusion:
We identified novel sTIL-BCM differences by race and ethnicity, with better survival associated with sTIL enrichment among non-Hispanic White and Asian American but not among African American or Hispanic women. Additional studies are needed to determine whether survival and particularly the response to immunotherapy are differentially mediated by immune factors between racial and ethnic groups.
Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Models of Breast Cancer-Specific and Overall Mortality.
Citation Format: Julia Ransohoff, Iain Miller, Jocelym Koo, Vishal Joshi, Allison Kurian, Kimberly Allison, Esther John, Melinda Telli. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Breast Cancer Mortality in Racially and Ethnically Diverse Participants of the Northern California Breast Cancer Family Registry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PS18-10.
Abstract SoA2-02: Implications of therapy induced senescence in breast cancer
Authors: Jackson J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The goal of breast cancer treatment is to cause cellular stress sufficient to kill and eliminate the tumor cells. Unfortunately, in many cases cancer cells survive and are not removed by surgery and thus can cause relapse and eventual mortality. Surviving cells have necessarily avoided both intrinsic (e.g., apoptosis) and extrinsic (e.g., immune surveillance) mechanisms of death. Studies over the last 20 years have shown that chemotherapy-treated breast cancer cells can evade cell death by activating programs of cellular senescence mediated by the tumor suppressor p53. While p53 can induce apoptosis in response to stress in some cell types, in breast cancer, p53 preferentially induces cell cycle arrest and senescence in response to chemotherapy. Data show that patients with breast cancers that are wild type for TP53 have a much lower probability of being eradicated by chemotherapy, and have a much shorter survival, compared to patients with TP53 mutant tumors. Human and mouse mammary tumors induce many markers of senescence after chemotherapy treatment, including those associated with cell cycle arrest and the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These arrested tumors evade death from mitotic catastrophe and can block apoptotic programs via elevated activity of BCL2 family members. More recent studies have addressed how induction of senescence deters immune surveillance. Breast cancer cells exposed to chemotherapy reorganize chromatin structure that amplifies stromal derived signals that stimulate expression of many immune genes, including checkpoint ligands such as PD-L1 and Galectin-9. Further, p53 can directly transactivate other immune modulatory genes such as CD80. Collectively, these properties of senescent cells enable their persistence following treatment and contribute to their potential to drive relapse. These same properties, however, can also be exploited as vulnerabilities to therapeutics such as senolytic drugs that target reliance on BCL2 family members or immunotherapies that target PD-L1 expression.
Citation Format: J. Jackson. Implications of therapy induced senescence in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr SoA2-02.
Abstract TC-01: Baby-TAM Impact on disease progression
Authors: Cuzick J. , Hall P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Professor Hall will have reviewed his studies on the impact of lower doses of tamoxifen on changes in breast density, an important risk factor. Here I will review the work of Professor Decensi’s team on the ability of 5mg/d of tamoxifen (baby-Tam) on the progression rate of DCIS (69%) and other intraepithelial lesions (11% LCIS, 20% atypical ductal hyperplasia). This trial involved 500 pre- and postmenopausal women randomized equally between baby-Tam and placebo with a 9.7 year median follow up. All breast cancer progression (invasive (77%) and DCIS (23%)) was reduced by 42% (25 vs 41 events, P = 0.03) and contralateral tumours by 64% (6 vs 16 events, P = 0.025). No significant increase was seen in any side effect (Table). I will also briefly discuss their new award for a project to compare baby Tam to baby exemestane in a randomized trial in a similar population as above, initially for side effects, but also subsequently for efficacy. Professor Hall will have reviewed his studies on the impact of lower doses of tamoxifen on changes in breast density, an important risk factor. Here I will review the work of Professor Decensi’s team on the ability of 5mg/d of tamoxifen (baby-Tam) on the progression rate of DCIS (69%) and other intraepithelial lesions (11% LCIS, 20% atypical ductal hyperplasia). This trial involved 500 pre- and postmenopausal women randomized equally between baby-Tam and placebo with a 9.7 year median follow up. All breast cancer progression (invasive (77%) and DCIS (23%)) was reduced by 42% (25 vs 41 events, P = 0.03) and contralateral tumours by 64% (6 vs 16 events, P = 0.025). No significant increase was seen in any side effect (Table). I will also briefly discuss their new award for a project to compare baby Tam to baby exemestane in a randomized trial in a similar population as above, initially for side effects, but also subsequently for efficacy.
Citation Format: J. Cuzick, P. Hall. Baby-TAM Impact on disease progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr TC-01.
Abstract TC-02: When to do a window trial
Authors: Dowsett M. , Hurvitz S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The window of opportunity in the short time between diagnosis and surgery for primary breast cancer has been exploited in trials of many endocrine agents. In these cases the therapeutic effect is antiproliferative and immunohistochemical detection of changes in Ki67 are considered a valid biomarker of likely long term efficacy. Trials have also been extended to assessment of inhibitors of growth factor receptors (eg lapatinib) and COX2 inhibitors. In these circumstances the mode of action is not purely inhibition of proliferation such that while changes in Ki67 may be of interest they should not be taken as necessarily reflecting the presence or absence of efficacy. It is also important to recognise that it may take longer than the time window available to get to a pharmacodynamic steady state. This is reflected by data from studies of tamoxifen and of GnRH analogues in premenopausal women. As well as being a window for assessing the biologic effectiveness of new agents it has been used as a means of assessing the prognosis of patients taking an established drug such as an aromatase inhibitor (AI) in the POETIC and an AI or tamoxifen in the ADAPT trial.
Citation Format: M. Dowsett, S. Hurvitz. When to do a window trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr TC-02.
Abstract Wrk1-01: Agnostic trials in the field of targeted therapies
Authors: Subbiah V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Tumor-agnostic cancer therapy represents a significant shift in the field of precision oncology. It differs from conventional cancer treatments, which typically focus on specific tumor types, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, renal cell cancer, and others. This innovative approach brings hope to cancer patients by recognizing that identical genetic abnormalities can drive cancer in various parts of the body. The approvals of these therapies have introduced alternative treatment options, particularly for patients with advanced cancers and rare malignancies. Currently, six medicines have received US FDA approval for use in patients with solid tumors harboring one of five specific biomarkers. In this presentation, I will delve into the current landscape of these tissue-agnostic cancer therapies, providing a comprehensive exploration of the relevant clinical data that can enhance our understanding of these groundbreaking treatments.
Citation Format: V. Subbiah. Agnostic trials in the field of targeted therapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr Wrk1-01.
Effect of Clonal Hematopoiesis Mutations and Canakinumab Treatment on Incidence of Solid Tumors in the CANTOS Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Woo Janghee , Zhai Tingting , Yang Fang , Xu Huilei , Healey Margaret L. , Yates Denise P. , Beste Michael T. , Steensma David P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is more common in older persons and has been associated with an increased risk of hematological cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The most common CH mutations occur in the DNMT3A and TET2 genes and result in increased proinflammatory signaling. The Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (NCT01327846) evaluated the neutralizing anti-IL1β antibody canakinumab in 10,061 randomized patients with a history of myocardial infarction and persistent inflammation; DNA samples were available from 3,923 patients for targeted genomic sequencing. We examined the incidence of non-hematological malignancy by treatment assignment and CH mutations and estimated the cumulative incidence of malignancy events during trial follow-up. Patients with TET2 mutations treated with canakinumab had the lowest incidence of non-hematological malignancy across cancer types. The cumulative incidence of at least one reported malignancy was lower for patients with TET2 mutations treated with canakinumab versus those treated with placebo. These findings support a potential role for canakinumab in cancer prevention and provide evidence of IL1β blockade cooperating with CH mutations to modify the disease course.
Prevention Relevance: We reveal that administering canakinumab is associated with a decrease in non-hematological malignancies among patients with clonal hematopoiesis (CH) mutations. These findings underscore canakinumab’s potential in preventing cancer and provide proof of IL1β blockade collaborating with CH mutations to enhance its clinical benefits.
See related Spotlight, p. 399
Ina- Manggagawa- Mag-aaral: The Lived Experiences, Challenges, Coping and Aspirations of Working- Student- Mothers
Authors: Sudweste Jennie Marie V. , Jumamil Ana Nelia L. 
Published: May 2024

Many individuals are pursuing graduate degrees while working and raising children. The aim of this study is to explore the lived experiences, challenges, coping, and aspirations of working-student- mothers who fulfill employment, academic, and family obligations. The mother's educational and work efforts provide the necessary information, needed skills, and a desirable attitude for a family's general well-being. The study intends explicitly to 1. explore the experiences and challenges faced by working student mothers. 2. Investigate their coping strategies and aspirations for managing different roles. 3. understand their current living situation. The participants consisted of twelve (12) mothers who had a minimum of two dependents, were enrolled in a master's degree program, and were employed in an organization. Participants were administered a brief demographic questionnaire and engaged in a semi-structured interview. This study utilized interpretative phenomenology analysis. The latest findings emphasize that participants shared their experience of navigating the complexities of managing coursework, jobs, and caregiving responsibilities, which led to feeling overwhelmed. The stress factor was primarily attributed to low income and inadequate childcare expenses. However, they employed effective coping strategies using work-life balance, such as social support and time management. Pursuing a master's degree encompassed the opportunity to enhance their abilities and expand their knowledge and earning potential. The study revealed that they exhibited strong motivation and perseverance, with solid career aspirations driving their academic and professional pursuits, benefiting themselves and their families.
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Kidney Failure
Authors: Shah Silvi , Christianson Annette L. , Meganathan Karthikeyan , Leonard Anthony C. , Crews Deidra C. , Rubinstein Jack , Mitsnefes Mark M. , Schauer Daniel P. , Thakar Charuhas V. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients with kidney failure, and their risk of cardiovascular events is 10 to 20 times higher as compared with the general population.

Methods and Results
We evaluated 508 822 patients who initiated dialysis between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2014 using the United States Renal Data System with linked Medicare claims. We determined hospitalization rates for cardiovascular events, defined by acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, and stroke. We examined the association of sex with outcome of cardiovascular events, cardiovascular death, and all‐cause death using adjusted time‐to‐event models. The mean age was 70±12 years and 44.7% were women. The cardiovascular event rate was 232 per thousand person‐years (95% CI, 231–233), with a higher rate in women than in men (248 per thousand person‐years [95% CI, 247–250] versus 219 per thousand person‐years [95% CI, 217–220]). Women had a 14% higher risk of cardiovascular events than men (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14 [95% CI, 1.13–1.16]). Women had a 16% higher risk of heart failure (HR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.15–1.18]), a 31% higher risk of stroke (HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.28–1.34]), and no difference in risk of acute coronary syndrome (HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.99–1.03]). Women had a lower risk of cardiovascular death (HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.88–0.90]) and a lower risk of all‐cause death than men (HR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.95–0.97]).

Conclusions
Among patients undergoing dialysis, women have a higher risk of cardiovascular events of heart failure and stroke than men. Women have a lower adjusted risk of cardiovascular mortality and all‐cause mortality.
Contribution of Virtual Reality to the Reproduction of Social Interaction Characteristics in Neuropsychology: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Jollivet Maxime , Besnard Jeremy , Banville Frederic , Allain Philippe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sociocognitive difficulties are observed in many pathologies associated with brain lesions or atypical brain functioning. The development of virtual reality offers an opportunity to assess this dimension from an interactionist perspective and to increase the ecological validity of the material used. However, this approach can be operationalized and conceptualized in a variety of ways. To understand these aspects, we conducted a systematic review of articles found in the PubMed, PubMed Central, and ScienceDirect databases, following PRISMA-P guidelines. A corpus of 48 articles was identified and analyzed in terms of the experimental devices used, to gauge the extent to which they reproduced the characteristics of real-world social interactions, as well as the associated conceptions. Results suggested that interactionist research lies on a continuum between ecological validity (studies exploring interactions via general functions) and a high level of experimental control (exploration of interactions with respect to specific processes). They are discussed in terms of the operationalization and objectification of interactionism.
Early Church as Utopian Cult: The Case of Hebrews
Authors: Beavis Mary Ann 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article uses cultic studies to explicate the development of the earliest churches, using Hebrews as a case study. “Cult” is defined as a group that suppresses individuality and critical thinking, demands intense commitment and loyalty to an individual or ideology, and curtails or eliminates personal autonomy to be replaced by the cult’s worldview. The cult-like attributes of the early ecclesia are summarized, followed by a brief introduction to cultic studies, with particular reference to the characteristics of contemporary cults, suggesting that an under-appreciated aspect of cultic appeal is the offer of utopian promises. Finally, the bite (Behavior, Information, Thoughts, Emotions) model of coercive control is applied to the hortatory sections of Hebrews and the utopian hopes held out by the author. The article concludes that the community behind Hebrews shows many characteristics of a high demand cult as defined by cultic studies.