bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geothermometry and geobarometry of Dalradian metapelites and metabasites from the Central Scottish Highlands
Authors: Sivaprakash C. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Temperatures and pressures of metamorphism have been estimated for a suite of Dalradian garnetiferous mica schists, calcareous pelites, and hornblende schists (‘Green Beds’) from Central Perthshire. Garnet-biotite, calcite-dolomite, and muscovite-paragonite geothermometers indicate temperatures ranging from about 500°C, corresponding to the lowest grade, to a maximum of about 580°C, corresponding to the highest grade. Garnet-kyanite-plagioclase-quartz, and epidote-plagioclase-garnet-quartz equilibria indicate pressures of 8–11 kb. These temperature, pressure estimates agree well with the experimentally determined phase stabilities. A thermal gradient of 60–65°C/kb (20–22°C/km geothermal gradient) characterizes this area.
Devonian calcretes (cornstones) near Tain
Authors: Donovan R. Nowell 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A calcrete (cornstone)-bearing sequence at Port an Righ on the Tarbat Peninsula is probably of Upper Devonian age. The sequence was deposited by braided pebbly streams flowing to the northeast. The calcretes indicate a semi-arid climate and geomorphic stability.
The Bajocian ‘Cornbrash’ of Raasay, Inner Hebrides: palynology, facies analysis and a revised geological map
Authors: Bradshaw M.J. , Fenton J. P. G. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis

The ‘Cornbrash’ of Raasay, so long an enigma of Upper Bathonian facies reconstructions for the Inner Hedrides, is shown to be of late Bajocian (
subfurcatum
Zone) age. Informally renamed the Glam Sandstone, it forms the uppermost part of the Raasay Sandstone Member of the Bearreraig Sandstone Formation and correlates with similar facies on the neighbouring Isle of Skye. The palynofloras of the Glam Sandstone and strata of known late Bathonian–early Callovian age on Skye are compared.

The Glam Sandstone was deposited in a marine sand belt on an exposed shelf, and the coarse-grained terrigenous component reflects severe erosion of basin margins and surrounding hinterland during eustatic sea-level fall. Upward facies change to ammonitiferous shale reflects the late Bajocian global sea-level rise.
A revised geological map of eastern central Raasay is presented. NW-SE trending step-faults explain the repetition of the Middle Jurassic sequence across the island.
Old Red Sandstone sedimentation and deformation in the Great Glen Fault Zone, NW of Loch Linnhe
Authors: Stoker M. S. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
An outlier of Old Red Sandstone, comprising the Camas Chil Mhalieu and Rubha na h-Earba Formations, crops out in the Great Glen fault zone, on the NW shore of Loch Linnhe. Formerly classified as Middle Old Red Sandstone (Middle Devonian), new evidence suggests that it may be Lower Old Red Sandstone (Lower Devonian). The Camas Chil Mhalieu Formation—a coarse scree breccia—is overstepped by the more extensive Rubha na h-Earba Formation, which is characterised by an interdigitating conglomerate/sandstone sequence. The conglomerate facies represents sheetflood deposition, whilst the sandstone facies suggests deposition on a braided alluvial plain. The two formations have been variably deformed; the scree breccias have been subjected to brittle faulting, while the conglomerate and sandstone sequence has been folded and overthrust. Sedimentation and deformation of the sequence is believed to have been fault controlled.
A gravity investigation of the deep structure of the Lewisian rocks of Gairloch, Wester Ross
Authors: Thompson M. W. H. , Westbrook G. K. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The positive gravity anomaly of 150 gu associated with the Lewisian metabasites of Gairloch has been investigated along two profiles with closely spaced observations. Models of the structure, constrained by the surface outcrops and measured rock densities, and which have an overall synformal shape, fit the anomaly well. They indicate that the metabasites extend to a depth of between 4 and 6 km, and are compatible with an interpretation of the Gairloch structure as supracrustal metabasites and metasediments folded and faulted into the basement gneisses on which they were originally laid down.
The structure of the Loch Creran Dalradian and a new model for the SW Highlands.
Authors: Litherland M. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The structure of the Dalradian rocks around Loch Creran is described in terms of NE-trending upright D1 folds becoming recumbent to the east, accompanied by a primary D1 swing to the SE at the head of Loch Creran. The rocks are cut by a major slide, the Benderloch Slide, which formed prior to the first cleavage, S1. D2, D3 and D4 deformation-events are also described but these have little effect on the D1 outcrop pattern. The major fault system has been revised.
The mapping reveals various objections to the regional structural model proposed by Roberts and Treagus (1977), and a new, simple, ‘mushroom’ model is proposed for the SW Highlands. This involves the presence of a deep-seated massif within the fold belt which controlled the regional fold pattern. The writer concludes by emphasising that the structure of the SW Highlands of Scotland is by no means established.
The stratigraphy and structure of the southern Monadhliath Mountains between Loch Killin and upper Glen Roy
Authors: Haselock Paula J. , Winchester John A. , Whittles Keith H. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Psammitic and semi-pelitic metasediments in the Corrieyairack and Loch Killin areas form part of the Grampian Division and underlie the Dalradian Leven Schist of Glen Roy. Two stratigraphic successions, the Corrieyairack and Glenshirra Successions, have been recognized which share a common structural and metamorphic history, although they are separated by a well-defined zone of high strain, here termed the Gair-beinn Slide.

An early foliation (S
1
) associated with the development of isoclinal F
1
folds and movement on the Gairbeinn Slide, is refolded by tight near-upright, NE-SW trending major F
2
folds, in particular the Corrieyairack Syncline. These structures are refolded by open F
3
folds with variably oriented axial traces.
Lower Carboniferous biota of Glencartholm, Eskdale, Dumfriesshire
Authors: Schram Frederick R. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The unusual biota of the Glencartholm Volcanic Beds, Lower Carboniferous of Scotland is restudied in the first overall treatment since the turn of the century. Examination of the large collections now housed in the IGS Edinburgh and the Royal Scottish Museum afforded a complete list of the biota (some species never having been previously recorded from Glencartholm) and relative proportions among species. Selective diagenesis has occurred, calcareous fossils being dissolved, but organic/phosphatic forms preserved. Attempts to re-excavate the original site proved only partially productive; however, a new locality for the Glencartholm biota is herein recorded.
The classification and chemistry of the Tertiary intermediate lavas of Northeast Ireland
Authors: Lyle P. , Thompson S. J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
On the basis of recent chemical analyses the nomenclature of the Tertiary intermediate lavas in Antrim is reviewed and the overall petrogenic relationships between all the Tertiary volcanic rocks in Antrim are assessed. The conclusion is drawn that the intermediate and acid lavas result from differentiation of the basalts along a tholeiitic trend via silica-saturated intermediate compositions. Therefore the use of the terms mugearite and trachyte as previously applied to the intermediate derivatives in Antrim should be discontinued and a tholeiitic nomenclature substituted.
Inter-relationship of igneous activity and thrusting in Assynt: excavations at Loch Borralan
Authors: Parsons Ian , McKirdy Alan P. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The western margin of the Loch Borralan alkaline complex is bounded, in part, by Cambrian quartzites mapped (in poorly exposed ground) as forming part of the Cam Loch klippe, and therefore lying above the Ben More thrust. Excavations show that these quartzites are not in thrust relationship to the igneous rocks, but that the igneous types, melanite-nepheline syenites and pyroxenites, are intruded into them. The simplest interpretation is that the main movements on the Ben More thrust were complete before the emplacement of the Loch Borralan complex.
John Playfair on a Glacial Erratic in the Isle of Arran
Authors: Tinkler K. J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A careful reading of Playfair’s Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth reveals that he identified a large granite erratic on the Isle of Arran as a specific example in Britain of the type of problem posed by the famous Jura erratics: massive granite blocks transported 90 kilometres from their source in the Mt. Blanc massif. Both Playfair and Hutton invoked glaciers, together with torrents, (flash floods and/or mudflows) as potential agents in moving such erratics together with the supposition that the mountains had been more elevated and the regional slopes more continuous. Both applied the idea to any granite mountains and Playfair gives a specific Scottish case. It is concluded that Playfair, and probably also Hutton, should be given credit for first extending the glacial idea to Scotland.
Reaction softening in mylonites from the Arnaboll thrust, Sutherland
Authors: Dixon John , Williams Graham 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Mylonites from the Arnaboll thrust, NW Scotland show considerable evidence for having been produced as a result of reaction softening or reaction-enhanced ductility. The effect has been to degrade an original, coarse-grained, granitic Lewisian gneiss to an extremely fine grained mylonite. Grain size reduction which relates to increasing strain has been accompanied by both a mineralogical and chemical change. Notably, feldspar disappears to be replaced by a fine-grained muscovite plus quartz assemblage at the highest strain. Chemical analyses and mass balancing suggest that this change is related to the addition and removal of material during shear deformation along this ductile shear zone. This has aided the reaction softening process and, possibly, superplastic behaviour in the rocks which characterises the highest strain ultramylonites found at the Arnaboll thrust.
Note on the correlation of the Upper Limestone Group (Namurian) in south Ayrshire
Authors: Wilson R. B. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The correlation of the principal limestones of the Upper Limestone Group (Namurian) of south Ayrshire with the standard succession in central Scotland has hitherto presented great difficulty. Recent boreholes sunk by the National Coal Board in the New Cumnock area have provided faunal evidence which makes it possible to correlate the limestones from Douglas to the New Cumnock and Dalmellington areas of Ayrshire. The Index, Lyoncross, Orchard, Calmy and Plean limestones can now be recognised in south Ayrshire.
A gravity study of the eastern Berwickshire Devonian basins, SE Scotland
Authors: Lagios E. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Eyemouth and Oldhamstocks Basins of eastern Berwickshire have been studied and the Bouguer gravity anomaly map of these areas has been interpreted. It is concluded that both basins are fault-bounded.
The maximum sediment thickness of the Eyemouth Basin may be as large as 1900 m and, from a three-dimensional model of the area, the throws of the Eyemouth and Coldingham Faults are calculated to be 600 m.
Two- and especially three-dimensional modelling of the Oldham-stocks Basin reveals a structure which extends eastwards into the sea with a sequence of synclines and anticlines, bounded on the west by the Innerwick Fault, the offshore continuation of which has been proved by IGS marine seismic studies. The thickness of the post-Silurian sedimentary sequence is about 1500 m and is expected to be even greater a few kilometers offshore, where the lowest gravity values occur. The Cove and Innerwick Faults bounding the main Oldhamstocks Basin have estimated maximum throws of 900 m and 600 m, respectively.
Finally, the Great Conglomerate of Monynut Edge, west of Oldhamstocks, has a thickness of about 400 m.
The distribution of hydrocarbon minerals in the Orcadian Basin
Authors: Parnell John 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Shows of hydrocarbon minerals are widespread in the Old Red Sandstone of the Orcadian Basin. They are derived from lacustrine laminites within the basin. Hydrocarbon minerals resulting from local diagenesis occupy tension gashes and vugs in cherts and carbonate rocks. Other deposits occur in joints and mineral veins, particularly those relating to the Permo-Carboniferous intrusion of a monchiquite-camptonite suite of dykes and vents. Hydrocarbon minerals replaced sediments to a very limited degree.
The Cothall Limestone
Authors: Parnell John 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Upper Old Red Sandstone Cothall Limestone in Morayshire shows the concretionary and laminar structures typical of a mature calcrete. The calcrete is locally silicified and includes length-slow chalcedony, typical of alkaline environments. Segregations of barium-rich agaric mineral occur in the calcrete.
Hydrothermal fluid pathways at the contact of the Beinn an Dubhaich epigranite, Isle of Skye
Authors: Dickin A. P. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Field observations and Sr and Pb isotopic evidence point to the existence of two phases of hydrothermal activity at the margin of the Beinn an Dubhaich epigranite. An early flux of magmatic fluids carried Pb and Sr outwards from the granite, passing along major channels in the Durness Limestone to form skarn deposits, but not penetrating into the body of the rock. A later inward flux of meteoric fluids carried Sr from the limestone into the margins of the granite, where it penetrated along small cooling joints and grain boundaries, causing minor contamination.
Glacial meltwater channels in the northern isles of Shetland
Authors: Flinn Derek 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
In Shetland sub-glacially formed meltwater channels are almost confined to two small areas in the north of the islands of Yell and Unst. These two areas are almost devoid of glacial striae and till, both of which are widely distributed throughout the rest of Shetland, indicating that the whole area was covered by ice during the last glacial maximum. The restriction of the meltwater channels to these small areas shows that they were formed before the downwasting stage and, therefore, probably at the ice front.
Imbricate structure in the Ettrick area, Southern Uplands
Authors: Webb Barry 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Details of the imbricate structure of the Silurian greywackes across part of the Central Belt of the Southern Uplands are described. The evidence implies that the major structures are the result of the progressive shearing of early folds which formed penecontemporaneously with the deposition of the sediments. Local zones of intense imbrication are related to the presence, in these localities, of more ductile lithologies interbedded with the greywackes. Thrusts pre-dating the early folds are nowhere recognisable.
This structural interpretation predicts that the imbricated greywackes extend to depths of some 3 km whereas the LISPB profile suggests that the basement is not present until a depth of about 15 km. If the grey-wackes form part of an accretionary wedge then the primary decollement between the wedge and the underlying basement cannot occur immediately below the greywackes, at the horizon of the Moffat Shales, but must occur within the underlying sequence of ocean floor basalts.
Sedimentation of a sub-aqueous esker-delta at Strabathie, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Thomas G. S. P. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A sequence of Late-Devensian sediments exposed at Strabathie, Aberdeenshire, was deposited by a sub-glacial meltwater stream discharging from a tunnel in the base of an overhanging ice margin that abutted directly into a pro-glacial lake basin. At the tunnel exit coarse esker-delta gravels, intercalated with diamict released by roof collapse, were deposited by rapidly decelerating flow. As the tunnel mouth retreated these deposits built up as a ridge of overlapping fans protruding into the lake basin. Outward from the ridge a series of pulsating density underflows, generated by variations in discharge and load, by tunnel mouth collapse and by slump, distributed sediment across the lake floor as a series of distally fining turbidites. Throughout the lake, melt of debris contained in icebergs calved from the ice margin contributed significantly to sedimentation and generated a distinctive assemblage of dropstone, dump and grounding structures.
The structure of the Shiant Isles sill complex, Outer Hebrides
Authors: Gibb F. G. F. , Henderson C. M. B. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Previous authors have differed in their views on the number of separate intrusions forming the classic alkaline basic sill complex of the Shiant Isles: the suggested number varies from one to five. From a discussion of the possible relationships between the various units, partly based on new field and petrographic evidence we conclude that there are at least three and probably four distinct sills present.
Rb–Sr dates on Precambrian rocks from marine exploration wells in and around the West Shetland Basin
Authors: Ritchie J. D. , Darbyshire D. P. F. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Rb-Sr whole rock dating of metamorphic basement has yielded an age of 2527 ± 73 Ma. This suggests that the crystalline basement of the NW continental shelf is at least partly of late Scourian age. Dated samples from two other wells recorded ages of c. 400 Ma and c. 700 Ma.
The biostratigraphy of an early Flandrian tufa at Inchrory, Glen Avon, Banffshire
Authors: Preece R. C. , Bennett K. D. , Robinson J. E. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A deposit of early Flandrian tufa nearly 6 m thick has formed near Inchrory in Glen Avon, Banffshire. It comprises six buried soils within alternating units of relatively hard tufa (with occasional leaf impressions) and layers with a more powdery lithology. Serial sampling and quantitative analyses of the Mollusca, Ostracoda and pollen indicate that the tufa was deposited by springs trickling across wet ground. These analyses have given important biogeographical information on the migration of certain taxa into Scotland during the Flandrian.

Tufa formation at Inchrory apparently began sometime after
c.
9700 B.P. when the valley was relatively unshaded except for occasional patches of
Betula
woodland. An expansion of shade-demanding Mollusca occurs at about 400 cm from the top and pollen analyses from these levels indicate the presence of
Corylus avellana
scrub. A radiocarbon date of 7360 ± 60 B.P. (Q-2355) was obtained from charcoal from a buried soil between 345–350 cm. Above this point there is little change in the composition of the land Mollusca although a pollen spectrum from 150 cm indicates that
Pinus sylvestris
has now become an important forest constituent in the valley. The occurrence of the land snail
Vertigo alpestris,
known living at only two Scottish sites, is noteworthy. The cessation of the tufa formation probably occurred sometime after
c.
6000 B.P.
The petrology and structure of Dalradian metabasaltic dykes of Jura: implications for early Dalradian evolution
Authors: Graham Colin M. , Borradaile Graham J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Massive tholeiitic metadolerite dykes cutting Dalradian metasediments of the Jura Quartzite formation of Jura and Islay are comparable in major and trace element composition to other Dalradian metabasic rocks of the SW Highlands. Trace element geochemistry indicates that these dykes are usually less evolved than most of the overlying metabasaltic sills and volcanics in mainland Argyllshire, consistent with their likely role as feeders to the sills and volcanics.
Metamorphic assemblages in the Jura dykes and in greenschist facies metabasic rocks elsewhere in the SW Highlands are identical, and the metamorphic fluid phase behaviour in both groups of rocks appears to have been similar.
Reconstruction of pre-tectonic dyke geometries suggests that the dykes were intruded perpendicular to bedding as a NW–SE group responding to NE–SW crustal tension (contemporaneously with extrusion of the volcanic rocks). This evidence, together with that of sedimentary-basin and syndepositional-fault geometries, may indicate changes in the direction of relative crustal tension from NE–SW to NW–SE and back to NE–SW during oblique or strike-slip (transtensional) rifting of a subsiding continental margin during Argyll Group times.
The dominance of sill intrusion relative to dyke intrusion in SW Highland metabasaltic rocks is analogous to the intrusive behaviour of basic magma in modern deep rifted sedimentary basins such as the present day Gulf of California. Expulsion of water from adjacent sediments and establishment of large-scale hydrothermal systems may explain the abundance of post-crystallisation spilitic alteration of SW Highland metabasaltic rocks.
Deposition, Diagenesis and Structures of the Cheese Bay Shrimp Bed, Lower Carboniferous, East Lothian
Authors: Hesselbo Stephen P. , Trewin Nigel H. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The laminated dolomites and mudstones in the Lower Carboniferous succession containing the Cheese Bay Shrimp Bed are interpreted as the deposits of a thermally stratified freshwater lake or brackish lagoon in which clastic/organic laminites accumulated. Drainage systems in the area were probably disrupted by volcanic activity, and seismic activity strongly affected the semi-consolidated sediments to produce a variety of pull-apart, fold, fault and sediment injection structures. During diagenesis intense dolomitisation of the laminites and associated sediments took place.
Palaeomagnetism of the Carboniferous E–W dyke swarm in Argyllshire
Authors: Esang C. B. , Piper J. D. A. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The majority of 21 sampled dykes in this swarm have a coherent reversed magnetisation linked to the c. 320 Ma, Lower-Upper Carboniferous boundary, age of intrusion. Fifteen sites define a palaeopole at 354.6°E, 35.0°S (dp = 2.5, dm = 5.0), coinciding precisely with the apparent polar wander path for Europe at 320 Ma.
Layering in the Gars-bheinn ultrabasic sill, Isle of Skye: a new interpretation, and its implications
Authors: Bevan J. C. , Hutchison R. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Gars-bheinn sill is intruded into plateau basalts on the southern margin of the Cuillin igneous complex. The sill is composed dominantly of peridotite, but near its top it contains feldspar-rich, pegmatitic layers. Field evidence and mineralogical data suggest that the feldspar-rich layers were emplaced by the injection of fluids into already consolidated peridotite, and that the peridotite and feldspar-rich layers are not cogenetic as was formerly supposed. This has necessitated revision of the intrusive sequence in the southern Cuillin.
Cumulate relations in the ‘Younger Basic’ masses of the Huntly–Portsoy area, Grampian Region
Authors: Munro M. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The ‘Younger Basic’ masses of the Huntly–Portsoy area have been found to contain a number of separate cumulate bodies ranging up to 3–4 km in dimensions. Olivine, plagioclase and augite are the dominant cumulus phases throughout, and although the composition of these phases varies from one body to another, consistencies in the compositional variation suggest that the individual cumulate units are probably fragments of a large stratiform intrusion that has been subjected to post-magmatic disruption. Although some disturbance may have occurred when a later pulse of magma was emplaced to form the granular noritic and gabbroic rocks associated with the cumulates, it is concluded that the fragmentation of the latter was mainly associated with a regional episode of post-‘Younger Basic’ shearing and mylonitization.