bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Amendments of the Public Education Act on the School Activity of Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Elbert Gábor 
Published: December 2009

The Effect of the Amendments of the Public Education Act on the School Activity of Physical Education TeachersAs a result of the legal regulations in the period after the 1989-1990 transition, teachers working in public education, in our case physical education teachers, were engaged in several activities which were not directly related to the competence of in-school educational work. Consequently, there has been a shift in their scope of activities. The author of this paper is interested in the experience of physical education teachers during the period. The objective of the paper is to reveal what effects such a comprehensive and permanent change had on the teaching of physical education in schools, and on the life of physical education teachers. In order to investigate the subject of research the analysis of legislative documents, in-depth interviews and the survey method were applied. The results show that in the period after the 1989-1990 transition, the work of teachers was not only hindered by the structural changes in accordance with educational legislation and the permanent amendment of documents, but the lack of consistency in pedagogical work as well. For the teachers taking part in the preparation of curricula, the extension of their activities resulted in a double workload. The decision that marks were replaced with textual evaluation in grade 1 of primary schools was not received positively on the part of physical education teachers. Based on the results it can be concluded that the efficient work of physical education teachers would be greatly assisted by more predictable legislation, which would ensure the possibility of planning in advance. Olympism, Olympic culture, sports education, pedagogy of sport
Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Constant for Acetic Acid in an Epoxidized Soybean Oil–Acetic Acid–Water System
Authors: Janković Milovan , Sinadinović‐Fišer Snežana , Lamshoeft Marc 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDependency of the liquid–liquid equilibrium constant for acetic acid (A) in a system of epoxidized soybean oil–acetic acid–water from temperature and composition was experimentally determined. To estimate the liquid–liquid equilibrium constant for acetic acid (KA), the interaction parameters of the Wilson, NRTL (non‐random two liquid) and UNIQUAC (universal quasi chemical) models for the activity coefficient were calculated by fitting the experimental values of the equilibrium constant for acetic acid. The Marquardt method was used to fit the data. In spite of all applied simplifications, small deviations of the calculated values from those experimentally determined indicate the adequacy of all three models for the prediction of the liquid–liquid equilibrium constant for acetic acid. Comparison of the experimentally determined values of the equilibrium constant for acetic acid in the investigated system with those reported in the literature for the system with soybean oil, shows that the value of the liquid–liquid equilibrium constant for acetic aid in the system of epoxidized soybean oil–acetic acid–water is about 1.5 times higher than in the system of soybean oil–acetic acid–water for the same temperature and similar composition. For the investigated conditions, the influence of the changing of the oil phase composition on the equilibrium constant for acetic acid is more prominent than the influence of the temperature or the total acetic acid content in the system.
Factors defining care‐seeking in low back pain – A meta‐analysis of population based surveys
Authors: Ferreira Manuela L. , Machado Gustavo , Latimer Jane , Maher Christopher , Ferreira Paulo H. , Smeets Rob J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLittle is known about factors determining health care‐seeking behavior in low back pain. While a number of studies have described general characteristics of health care utilization, only a few have aimed at appropriately assessing determinants of care‐seeking in back pain, by comparing seekers and non‐seekers. The objective of this systematic review was to identify determinants of health care‐seeking in studies with well‐defined groups of care‐seekers and non‐seekers with non‐specific low back pain.A search was conducted in Medline, AMED, Cinahl, Web of Science, PsycINFO, National Research Register, Cochrane Library and LILACS looking for population‐ based surveys of non‐specific low back pain patients older than 18 years, published since 1966. To be included in the review, studies needed to report on characteristics of well‐defined groups of care‐seekers and non‐seekers. Methodological quality was assessed using a criteria list based on sampling, response rate, data reproducibility, power calculation and external validity. Risk estimates were expressed as odd ratios (95% confidence intervals). When possible, meta‐analyses were performed, using a random effects model.Eleven studies were included in the review. Pooled results show that women are slightly more likely to seek care for their back pain as are patients with a previous history of back pain. Pain intensity was only slightly associated with care‐seeking, whereas patients with high levels of disability were nearly eight times more likely to seek care than patients with lower levels of disability.
Costs of post‐abortion care in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Shearer Jessica C. , Walker Damian G. , Vlassoff Michael 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of costing studies of post‐abortion care from low‐ and middle‐income countries and to describe costs in various settings.MethodsA systematic review identified unit costs. Descriptive statistical analysis and univariate regression analysis identified drivers of unit costs of post‐abortion care.ResultsThere are few cost studies from Asia or Eastern Europe. Data indicate that the cost (in 2007 international dollars) of post‐abortion care in Africa and Latin America is $392 and $430, respectively, per case.ConclusionDifferences in post‐abortion care costs were associated with region, procedure, facility level, case severity, and whether the study was operations research. Methods varied between studies, and efforts should be made in future research to improve consistency. Additional data are needed from Asia and Eastern Europe, as well as the costs of medical methods of uterine evacuation. These data justify improved access to contraception and safe, legal abortion.
Permethrin Spot-On Intoxication of Cats
Authors: Malik Richard , Ward Michael P , Seavers Aine , Fawcett Anne , Bell Erin , Govendir Merran , Page Stephen 
Published: December 2009

Survey aims A questionnaire was sent to veterinarians in Australia to determine the approximate number of cats presenting for permethrin spot-on (PSO) intoxication over a 2-year period. Findings Of the 269 questionnaires returned, 255 were eligible for analysis. A total of 207 respondents (81 %) reported cases of PSO intoxication in cats over the previous 2 years. In total, 750 individual cases were reported, with 166 deaths. While all deaths were generally attributable to intoxication, 39 cats were euthanased because owners were unable to pay the anticipated treatment costs. Brands of PSO implicated included Exelpet Flea (and Tick) Liquidator (Mars Australia) (146 respondents), Bayer Advantix (48), Purina Totalcare Flea Eliminator Line-On (19), Troy Ease-On (six) and Duogard Line-On (Virbac) (four); 67 respondents were not able to identify a specific product. Permethrin spot-on formulations were most commonly obtained from supermarkets (146 respondents), followed by pet stores (43), veterinary practices (16), and a range of other sources including produce stores and friends. The majority of intoxication cases reported involved PSOs labelled for use in dogs with specific label instructions such as ‘toxic to cats’. Owners applied these PSO products to their cats accidentally or intentionally. In some cases, exposure was through secondary contact, such as when a PSO product was applied to a dog with which a cat had direct or indirect contact. Recommendations In the authors' view, because of the likelihood of inappropriate use and toxicity in the non-labelled species, over-the-counter products intended for use in either dogs or cats must have a high margin of safety in all species. Furthermore, PSOs should only be available at points of sale where veterinary advice can be provided and appropriate warnings given. As an interim measure, modified labelling with more explicit warnings may reduce morbidity and mortality.
Aetiology of Corneal Ulcers
Authors: Hartley Claudia 
Published: December 2009

Overview Feline ulcerative keratitis is a common presenting complaint and is frequently a sequela of feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) infection; so much so, in fact, that it is fair to assume an FHV-1 aetiology until proven otherwise. Other potential causes of ulceration are trauma or underlying eyelid abnormalities (entropion, ectropion, agenesis, dermoids, neoplasia), lash abnormalities (ectopic cilia, trichiasis), tear film abnormalities or neurological deficiencies (trigeminal nerve paralysis, facial nerve paralysis). Clinical challenges The management of corneal ulceration in cats is frequently challenging, and treatment needs to be tailored carefully to the individual cat, its temperament, and the disease process present. Evidence base The scientific literature on feline ulcerative keratitis is extensive, particularly that related to FHV-1 infection. The aim of this article is to review the aetiology and diagnosis of corneal ulceration in cats with particular reference to the evidence base available. Patient group All age groups and breeds can suffer with ulcerative keratitis. Breed predispositions are present for some forms of corneal ulceration, and these are discussed.
AAFP-AAHA
Authors: Vogt Amy Hoyumpa , Rodan Ilona , Brown Marcus , Brown Scott , Buffington C A Tony , Forman M J LaRue , Neilson Jacqui , Sparkes Andrew 
Published: December 2009

Background and goals Cats have become the most popular pet in the United States, yet statistics about veterinary care for cats remain troubling. 1 Although most owners consider their cats to be family members, cats are substantially underserved, compared with dogs. In 2006, owners took their dogs to veterinarians more than twice as often as cats, averaging 2.3 times/year, compared with 1.1 times/year for cats, and significantly more dogs (58%) than cats (28%) were seen by a veterinarian one or more times/year. 2 Cat owners often express a belief that cats ‘do not need medical care’. Two reasons for this misconception are that signs of illness are often difficult to detect, and cats are perceived to be self-sufficient. 2 One role of the veterinarian is to develop a partnership with cat owners that will pave the way for a lifelong health care plan. These guidelines aim to outline an evidence-based life stage wellness program to aid the veterinary medical team in delivering the best comprehensive care for cats. Specific goals are to provide: Recommendations for optimal health care for cats throughout the different life stages. Practical suggestions and tools to facilitate improved veterinary visits and to enhance the client-veterinarian clinical encounter. A foundation from which to access sources of additional information. Life stage classification Distinct life stages (age groups) in cats are not well defined, in part because individual animals and body systems age at different rates, a process that is influenced by many factors. These guidelines follow one convenient classification (see box below). These age designations help to focus attention on the physical and behavioral changes that occur at different stages (eg, congenital defects in kittens, obesity prevention in the junior cat). It must be recognized, however, that any age groupings are inevitably arbitrary demarcations along a spectrum, and not absolutes. Evidence-based health care Supporting references for specific recommendations are supplied where possible, and any previously published guidelines on particular topics are referred to where relevant. Readers should note, however, that the guidelines panel was hampered in its efforts by the relative paucity of disease incidence data by age group that is available, and there is an urgent need for research to guide the future of evidence-based feline health care. 3
Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Skull Base
Authors: Garg Vaani , Temin Nathaniel , Hildenbrand Peter , Silverman Mark , Catalano Peter J. 
Published: December 2009

INTRODUCTIONInflammatory pseudotumor is an idiopathic, non‐neoplastic mass lesion with few cases reported in the literature involving only the skull base and related structures. Imaging of skull‐base pseudotumors shows characteristics similar to that of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoma, thereby requiring a biopsy to exclude malignancy. Surgical versus medical management relates to the location of the mass, the extent of bony invasion, and the involvement of corresponding anatomic structures.METHODSA retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with inflammatory pseudotumor of the skull base from a single tertiary care institution over a five‐year period.RESULTSFive cases of skull‐base pseudotumor have been identified and followed from one to four years. In our clinical experience, maintenance oral corticosteroids have proven effective in improving symptoms and significantly reducing radiologic tumor dimensions.CONCLUSIONInflammatory pseudotumor of the skull base is a challenging diagnosis due to its occult anatomic location, vague associated symptoms, and nonspecific histology. Low‐dose oral corticosteroids are often very effective in management.
Learning Curve for Piezosurgery in Well‐Trained Otological Surgeons
Authors: Salami Angelo , Mora Renzo , Mora Francesco , Guastini Luca , Salzano Francesco Antonio , Dellepiane Massimo 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVEPiezosurgery is an ultrasound instrument (24.7–29.5 kHz) capable of cutting bone without necrosis and nonmineralized tissue damage. The aim of this work has been to determine the time required for a well‐trained surgeon to perform otological surgery with the piezoelectric device.STUDY DESIGNCase series with planned data collection. Sixty‐three patients affected by otosclerosis and 63 by chronic otitis media were enrolled. For each disease, patients were divided into three numerically equal groups, with each group assigned to a well‐trained otological surgeon. Patients underwent stapedotomy (n = 63) and intact canal wall tympanoplasty (n = 63) with the piezoelectric device.SETTINGENT Department, University of Genoa (Italy).SUBJECTS AND METHODSWe recorded “skin‐to‐skin” operation time, surgical success, surgical complication, and hospital stay duration. Before and one year after surgery, all patients underwent pure‐tone audiometry, tympanometry, recording of transient‐evoked otoacoustic emission, recording of distortion product otoacoustic emission, auditory brainstem response, and electronystamographic recording.RESULTSIn each surgical technique, the piezoelectric device provided excellent control without side effects on the adjacent structures of the middle and inner ear.CONCLUSIONThe piezoelectric device is a new bony scalpel that uses microvibrations at ultrasonic frequency so that soft tissue (nerve, vessel, dura mater, etc) will not be damaged even on accidental contact with the cutting tip. A feature of the piezoelectric device is its good manageability, which makes it easy for a well‐trained otological surgeon to create a straight osteotomy line without any learning period: this renders the piezoelectric device suitable for bone surgery.
Plunging Ranula: Congenital or Acquired?
Authors: Morton Randall P. , Ahmad Zahoor , Jain Prabha 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVETo review our clinical experience with plunging ranula and examine the evidence in support of our impression that plunging ranula has a genetic basis.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGSecondary otolaryngology service.SUBJECTS AND METHODSReview of the medical records of a clinical series of 80 consecutive plunging ranulas in 77 patients was conducted, with recording of clinical and radiological findings, surgical treatment, and outcome. A literature review using MEDLINE and OLD MEDLINE was performed.RESULTSThe majority of plunging ranulas had no intraoral component on clinical examination, although evidence of mucus extravasation from the sublingual gland could be found both radiologically and histologically in all cases. There were four patients with bilateral plunging ranula and one instance of siblings with unilateral plunging ranula. Maoris and Polynesians comprised more than 82 percent of our cases; this was a significant overrepresentation of these ethnic groups (P < 0.0001). A very strong predominance of cases of Chinese origin was also evident in the literature.CONCLUSIONThe clinical findings and the supporting data from the literature, when viewed in light of information relating to the known anatomical anomaly of a dehiscence in the mylohyoid muscle and ectopic sublingual gland lying below the plane of the mylohyoid, appear to support the case for a genetic basis for this unusual clinical entity.
Long‐Term Laryngeal Allograft Survival Using Low‐Dose Everolimus
Authors: Lott David G. , Dan Olivia , Lu Lina , Strome Marshall 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism and utility of everolimus as a single‐agent therapy in preventing mouse laryngeal allograft rejection.STUDY DESIGNProspective animal study.SETTINGAcademic research at a tertiary medical center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSFifteen recipient mice (five per group) were injected with everolimus (1 mg/kg/d) until euthanized at 15, 30, and 60 days posttransplantation. Five mice received transplants without immunosuppression and were euthanized at day 15. Larynges were graded for rejection severity. Draining lymph nodes and spleens were evaluated by flow cytometry to assess the systemic immunological environment.RESULTSEach time group demonstrated minor allograft rejection (rejection severity scores: 2.51, 2.46, 2.78; no rejection, 1; severe, 6). This was not significantly different between groups. Everolimus‐treated mice had significantly less rejection at all time points compared with non‐immunosuppressed mice. Flow cytometry showed a blunted cytotoxic T‐cell response, differentiation favoring regulatory T‐cells, and decreased number and function of dendritic cells.CONCLUSIONSEverolimus successfully prevents laryngeal allograft rejection up to 60 days posttransplantation. It appears to increase the production of regulatory T‐cells while decreasing cytotoxic T‐cell and dendritic cell response. Everolimus alone or in combination with other immunosuppressants may enable laryngeal transplantation to become a viable reconstructive option following laryngectomy for malignancy.
Optimizing the Surgical Field in Pediatric Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A New Evidence‐Based Approach
Authors: Ragab Sameh M. , Hassanin Maher Z. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVESTo conduct the first prospective randomized controlled study 1) evaluating the possibility of improving the quality of the operative field and to provide a bloodless functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in children through total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) using remifentanil combined with propofol, and 2) testing the safety and efficacy of remifentanil in propofol‐TIVA in inducing controlled hypotension in children at a target mean arterial blood pressure of 50 mm Hg.STUDY DESIGNRandomized controlled trial.SETTINGGeneral hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSSeventy children underwent FESS under hypotensive general anesthesia with equal randomization into two groups. Group I received TIVA with remifentanil, whereas group II had balanced anesthesia (BA) with esmolol. Heart rate, blood pressure, operative time, blood loss, and quality of the surgical conditions were recorded.RESULTSIntraoperative blood loss in the TIVA group was less than in the BA group. The quality and dryness of the surgical field in both the visual analogue scale and the six‐point scale was significantly better in the TIVA group than in the BA group. Hypotension was sustained at the target mean arterial blood pressure of 50 mm Hg in the two groups, without any significant difference.CONCLUSIONImproving the quality of the surgical field and providing a bloodless FESS in children is attainable with TIVA. TIVA using a combination of remifentanil and propofol is superior to BA, even with the use of additional potent hypotensive agents such as esmolol. Both techniques are safe and effective in inducing controlled hypotension in children at a target mean arterial blood pressure of 50 mm Hg.
Combined Endoscopic and Transcutaneous Approach for Parotid Gland Sialolithiasis: Indications, Technique, and Results
Authors: Koch Michael , Bozzato Alessandro , Iro Heinrich , Zenk Johannes 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVEDespite all the advances of minimally invasive surgery, refractory stones remain in 10 to 20 percent of all cases of parotid gland sialolithiasis, and persistence of the symptoms makes removal of the gland inevitable. In some of these cases, however, it may be possible to conserve the gland using a combination of endoscopic and transcutaneous procedures.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGTertiary referral center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSNine patients treated with a combined endoscopic transcutaneous operation were evaluated. During this procedure, the stone is removed through a skin incision under endoscopic guidance. Indications were sialolithiasis refractory to treatment (n = 5), sialolithiasis with complications (n = 2), contraindications to primary minimally invasive surgery (n = 1), and primary treatment (n = 1). In seven cases, the stones were extracted. Simultaneous resection of a sialocele was carried out in one case, and simultaneous resection of a saliva‐cutaneous fistula was carried out in another. A stent was inserted in 66.7 percent of the cases.RESULTSTreatment was successful in 88.9 percent of the patients. All of these patients were free of stones and symptoms, and glandular function was maintained both clinically and on ultrasound assessment. Complete parotidectomy had to be carried out in one case because it was not possible to reconstruct the duct system.CONCLUSIONThe combined operation offers a further option for gland‐conserving treatment in cases with obstructive salivary gland disease, especially sialolithiasis. At present, it is indicated for cases that are resistant to treatment after sialendoscopy or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. The gland resection rate can thus be further reduced.