bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science of Learning Strategy Series: Article 4, Application to Educational Meetings
Authors: Van Hoof Thomas J. , Madan Christopher R. , Sumeracki Megan A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The science of learning (learning science) is an interprofessional field that concerns itself with how the brain learns and remembers important information. Learning science has compiled a set of evidence-based strategies, such as distributed practice, retrieval practice, and interleaving, which are quite relevant to continuing professional development. Spreading out study and practice separated by cognitive breaks (distributed practice), testing oneself to check mastery and memory of previously learned information (retrieval practice), and mixing the learning of distinct but related material (interleaving) represent strategies that are underutilized in continuing professional development. Participants and planners alike can benefit from learning science recommendations to inform their decisions. The common intervention of the educational meeting provides an opportunity to illustrate the benefits of these three learning-science strategies in continuing professional development.
Intestinal ultrasound scan predicts corticosteroid failure and colectomy risk in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Yuan Baisi , Huang Pengfei , Yang Miaofang , Tang Guoxing , Wang Fangyu 
Published: April 2024

Objective
Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is an emerging modality for assessing disease activity, extent, and treatment response in ulcerative colitis. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of IUS in predicting severe flares, the need for rescue therapy (corticosteroid failure), and colectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of medical records, collecting clinical and IUS data. The Milan Ultrasound Criteria (MUC) score was used to assess ulcerative colitis severity. Group comparisons were performed to identify differences in MUC scores between mild-to-moderate and severe ulcerative colitis, between steroid responders and nonresponders, and between patients who underwent colectomy and those who did not. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to predict outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Results
This analysis included 102 patients with ulcerative colitis categorized as mild/moderate (60) or severe (42). MUC scores were significantly higher in the severe ulcerative colitis group compared with the mild/moderate group (P < 0.001). Analysis (using ROC) identified a cutoff MUC score of >8.54 to indicate severe ulcerative colitis with good sensitivity (64.29%) and excellent specificity (93.33%). Similarly, a cutoff of MUC > 10.54 showed promise in predicting corticosteroid failure, with acceptable sensitivity (50%) and high specificity (90.91%). Finally, a cutoff MUC score >12.5 demonstrated potential for predicting colectomy, exhibiting moderate sensitivity (55.56%) but excellent specificity (96.97%).

Conclusion
IUS may be useful for differentiating severe ulcerative colitis from mild-to-moderate disease, identifying early stage failure of corticosteroid therapy, and predicting the potential need for colectomy.
Recent contributions of single-cell and spatial profiling to the understanding of bladder cancer
Authors: Grausenburger Reinhard , Herek Paula , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Englinger Bernhard 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
Current risk stratification and treatment decision-making for bladder cancer informed by histopathology as well as molecular diagnostics face limitations. This review summarizes recent advancements in single-cell and spatial omics methodologies for understanding bladder cancer biology and their potential impact on development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Recent findings
Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial omics techniques offer unprecedented insights into various aspects of tumor microenvironment (TME), bladder cancer heterogeneity, cancer stemness, and cellular plasticity. Studies have identified multiple malignant cell subpopulations within tumors, revealing diverse transcriptional states and clonal evolution. Additionally, intratumor heterogeneity has been linked to tumor progression and therapeutic response. Immune cell composition analysis has revealed immunosuppressive features in the TME, impacting treatment response. Furthermore, studies have elucidated the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells in shaping the tumor immune landscape and response to therapy.

Summary
Single-cell and spatial omics technologies have revolutionized our understanding of bladder cancer biology, uncovering previously unseen complexities. These methodologies provide valuable insights into tumor heterogeneity and microenvironmental interactions, with implications for therapeutic development. However, challenges remain in translating research findings into clinical practice and implementing personalized treatment strategies. Continued interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation are essential for overcoming these challenges and leveraging the full potential of single-cell and spatial omics in improving bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Factors Impacting on Patient-Centered Communication Skills and Their Opportunities to Be Involved in Decision-making From the Perspective of Patients With Cancer, Informal Caregivers, and/or Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Abu-Odah Hammoda , Chan Engle Angela , Molassiotis Alex 
Published: April 2024

Background
Active participation of cancer patients and their caregivers in decision-making, along with high-quality communication, is crucial in patient-centered cancer management. Although numerous factors affecting patients’ communication and decision-making involvement have been identified, it is still unclear which ones are the most prevalent and critical.

Objective
To identify factors that contribute to high-quality patient-centered communication and decision-making participation from the perspectives of cancer patients, informal caregivers, and/or healthcare professionals.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted, using 9 databases to retrieve primary research articles published from 2010 to February 17, 2023, updated on December 13, 2023. Methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (version 18). The socioecological model of communication was utilized as analytical framework for summarizing the results.

Results
Fifty-two studies were included. The most frequently reported factors were predominantly articulated at the individual, interpersonal, and societal levels. Although the patients’ lack of knowledge and limited language proficiency were the frequent patient-level barriers, the perceived lack of knowledge and lack of training of professionals were the crucial and current professional-level barriers, as reported in studies published in 2016 onward. To circumvent these factors, it is critical to enhance professionals’ knowledge, communication skills, and patient relationships.

Conclusions
Recognizing barriers and facilitators could help in the development of strategies to overcome these barriers and enhance patient participation in clinical communication.

Implication for Practice
The findings could guide the development of programs to enhance patient-professional communication skills. Further cross-cultural studies are needed to understand culture’s impact on communication effectiveness and decision-making participation.
Correction of Congenital Syndactyly of the Hand with Minimal Full-Thickness Skin Graft from the Weight-Bearing Midline Plantar Area
Authors: Woo Soo Jin , Park Kwang Hyun , Woo Sang Hyun , Nam Hyun Jae 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Traditional skin grafts for syndactyly often cause color mismatches and unsightly donor sites, whereas no–skin graft methods leave noticeable dorsal hand scars. This study presents a plantar full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) from the weight-bearing midline area for syndactyly repair, a novel approach not previously reported in the literature.

Methods:
The study included 3 groups of patients with congenital syndactyly of the hand who underwent primary operations with plantar FTSG (n = 70), groin FTSG (n = 20), and no–skin graft techniques (n = 22). Postoperative outcomes were evaluated by an assessment panel, and guardians’ satisfaction scores were measured. Color similarity between the graft and surrounding skin was assessed using a three-dimensional color space.

Results:
The plantar FTSG group demonstrated a significantly higher likelihood of receiving an excellent rating compared with the groin FTSG group, with an odds ratio of 6.30 (P < 0.001). Color difference analysis showed that plantar FTSG more closely matched surrounding skin color than groin FTSG (6.33 versus 22.57; P < 0.001). Guardians reported greater satisfaction with outcomes on the hand in the plantar FTSG group compared with the groin FTSG and no–skin graft (7.16 versus 5.05 and 4.36; P < 0.001) groups. Satisfaction with donor sites was also significantly higher in the plantar FTSG group than in the groin FTSG group (8.23 versus 6.30; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Correction of congenital hand syndactyly using midline plantar FTSG from the weight-bearing area can reduce scarring on the hand dorsum, ensure superior color similarity with surrounding skin, and offer inconspicuous donor sites compared with no–skin graft or groin FTSG techniques.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.
Body Lift with Lateral Thigh Lift: Surgical Technique and Comparison with the Inferior Body Lift
Authors: Ragonez David , Musmarra Isidoro , Barbera Federico , Couteau Claire , Aguilar Paola , Quilichini Julien 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Despite its rarity, cutaneous adipose tissue excess in the trochanteric region following massive weight loss is a surgical challenge. The aim of this work is to propose a surgical technique for lifting the outer thighs by describing its indications and its limitations.

Methods:
Seventy-four patients were recruited into the study between 2018 and 2021. Two groups were identified: patients with body lift combined with lateral thigh lift (n = 20) and patients with lower body lift (n = 54). Satisfaction was determined through the BODY-Q questionnaire. The average operating time was 45 minutes longer when an outer thigh lift was performed. The median length of hospitalization was similar. The complication rate was 26% for the body lift group and 60% for the thigh lift group (P < 0.01); the most common complication was dehiscence.

Results:
Data analysis showed that the lateral thigh lift technique did not affect immediate postoperative evolution or hospitalization duration, proving its safety. There was an increase in total complications among patients who underwent the lateral thigh lift. Dehiscence was the most common complication, which can be treated on an outpatient basis. The satisfaction rate was high. Satisfaction was linked to improved quality of life.

Conclusion:
In the authors’ experience, the technique described is an effective means of treating trochanteric deformities.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
HIV care retention in three multi-month ART dispensing: a retrospective cohort study in Mozambique
Authors: Saura-Lázaro Anna , Augusto Orvalho , Fernández-Luis Sheila , López-Varela Elisa , Fuente-Soro Laura , Bila Dulce , Tovela Milagre , Macuacua Nello , Vaz Paula , Couto Aleny , Bruno Carmen , Naniche Denise 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
Evaluate the effect of three multimonth dispensing (3MMD) of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV care retention in southern Mozambique.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
We analyzed routine health data from people with HIV (PWH) aged 10 years old and older who started ART between January 2018 and March 2021. Individuals were followed until December 2021. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to compare attrition (lost to follow-up, death, and transfer out) between 3MMD and monthly ART dispensing. Results were stratified by time on ART before 3MMD enrolment: ‘early enrollers’ (<6 months on ART) and ‘established enrollers’ (≥6 months on ART), and age groups: adolescents and youth (AYLHIV) (10–24 years) and adults (≥25 years).

Results:
We included 7378 PWH (25% AYLHIV, 75% adults), with 59% and 62% enrolled in 3MMD, respectively. Median follow-up time was 11.3 [interquartile range (IQR): 5.7–21.6] months for AYLHIV and 10.2 (IQR: 4.8–20.9) for adults. Attrition was lower in PWH enrolled in 3MMD compared with monthly ART dispensing, in both established (aHR AYLHIV = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.54–0.78 and aHR adults = 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44–0.56) and early enrollers (aHR AYLHIV = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.58–0.85 and aHR adults = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.57–0.70). Among individuals in 3MMD, male gender (aHR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.18–1.44) and receiving care in a medium-volume/low-volume healthcare facility (aHR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03–1.34) increased attrition risk. Conversely, longer ART time before 3MMD enrolment (aHR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.92–0.94 per 1 month increase) and age at least 45 years (aHR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67–0.89) reduced risk of attrition.

Conclusion:
3MMD improves retention in care compared with monthly dispensing among established and early enrollers, although to a lesser extent among the latter.
Ruptured Baker Cyst on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: de Groot Emilie Mariëtte , van Amerongen Martinus Johannes , Ploegmakers Marieke Janneke Martine , Zegers Ingrid Henrica Antonia , Arens Anne Isabelle Juliette 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A 78-year-old woman with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was referred for an 18F-FDG PET/CT to evaluate therapy response after 6 cycles of R-mini-CHOP. A new 18F-FDG accumulation was noticed medial in the upper part of the right lower leg, spreading along the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. The shaft-bow-looking curvature, arch sign, of 18F-FDG revealed a fluid collection on CT. This typical pattern and its specific location are indicative of a ruptured Baker’s cyst. It can manifest in 1 or both legs.
Machine Learning-driven Histotype Diagnosis of Ovarian Carcinoma: Insights from the OCEAN AI Challenge
Authors: Asadi-Aghbolaghi Maryam , Farahani Hossein , Zhang Allen , Akbari Ardalan , Kim Sirim , Chow Ashley , Dane Sohier ,   OCEAN Challenge Consortium,   OTTA Consortium, Huntsman David G , Gilks C Blake , Ramus Susan , Köbel Martin , Karnezis Anthony N , Bashashati Ali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOvarian cancer poses a significant health burden as one of the deadliest malignancies affecting women globally. Histotype assignment of epithelial ovarian cancers can be challenging due to morphologic overlap, inter-observer variability, and the lack of ancillary diagnostic techniques in some areas of the world. Moreover, rare cancers can pose particular diagnostic difficulties because of a relative lack of familiarity with them, underscoring the necessity for robust diagnostic methodologies. The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought promising prospects to the realm of ovarian cancer diagnosis. While various studies have underscored AI’s promise, its validation across multiple healthcare centers and hospitals has been limited. Inspired by innovations in medical imaging driven by public competitions, we initiated the Ovarian Cancer subtypE clAssification and outlier detectioN (OCEAN) challenge — the most extensive histopathology competition to date.
Connecting Transcriptomics with Computational Modeling to Reveal Developmental Adaptations in the Human Pediatric Myocardium
Authors: Salameh Shatha , Guerrelli Devon , Miller Jacob A. , Desai Manan , Moise Nicolae , Yerebakan Can , Bruce Alisa , Sinha Pranava , d’Udekem Yves , Weinberg Seth H. , Posnack Nikki Gillum 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundNearly 1% or 1.3 million babies are born with congenital heart disease (CHD) globally each year – many of whom will require palliative or corrective heart surgery within the first few years of life. A detailed understanding of cardiac maturation can help to expand our knowledge on cardiac diseases that develop during gestation, identify age-appropriate cardiovascular drug therapies, and inform clinical care decisions related to surgical repair, myocardial preservation, or postoperative management. Yet, to date, our knowledge of the temporal changes that cardiomyocytes undergo during postnatal development is largely limited to animal models.MethodsRight atrial tissue samples were collected from n=117 neonatal, infant, and pediatric patients undergoing correct surgery due to (acyanotic) CHD. Patients were stratified into five age groups: neonate (0-30 days), infant (31-364 days), toddler to preschool (1-5 years), school age (6-11 years), and adolescent to young adults (12-32 years). We measured age-dependent adaptations in cardiac gene expression, and used computational modeling to simulate action potential and calcium transients.ResultsEnrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEG) was explored, revealing age-dependent changes in several key biological processes (cell cycle, cell division, mitosis), cardiac ion channels, and calcium handling genes. Gene-associated changes in ionic currents exhibited both linear trends and sudden shifts across developmental stages, with changes in calcium handling (INCX) and repolarization (IK1) most strongly associated with an age-dependent decrease in the action potential plateau potential and increase in triangulation, respectively. We also note a shift in repolarization reserve, with lowerIKrexpression in younger patients, a finding likely tied to the increased amplitude ofIKstriggered by elevated sympathetic activation in pediatric patients.ConclusionThis study provides valuable insights into age-dependent changes in human cardiac gene expression and electrophysiology among patients with CHD, shedding light on molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac development and function across different developmental stages.
Sexual dimorphism in the tardigradeParamacrobiotus metropolitanustranscriptome
Authors: Sugiura Kenta , Yoshida Yuki , Hayashi Kohei , Arakawa Kazuharu , Kunieda Takekazu , Matsumoto Midori 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn gonochoristic animals, the sex determination pathway induces different morphological and behavioral features that can be observed between sexes, a condition known as sexual dimorphism. While many components of this sex differentiation cascade shows high levels of diversity, factors such as the Doublesex-Mab-3-related transcription factor (DMRT) are highly conserved throughout animals. Species of the phylum Tardigrada exhibits remarkable diversity in morphology and behavior between sexes, suggesting a pathway regulating such dimorphism. Despite the wealth of genomic and zoological knowledge accumulated in recent studies, the sexual differences in tardigrades genomes have not been identified. In this study, we focused on the gonochoristic speciesParamacrobiotus metropolitanusand employed omics analyses to unravel the molecular basis of sexual dimorphism.ResultsTranscriptome analysis between sex identified numerous differentially expressed genes, of which approximately 2,000 male-biased genes were focused on 29 non-male-specific genomic loci. From these regions, we identified two Macrobiotidae family specificDMRTparalogs, which were significantly upregulated in males and lacked sex specific splicing variants. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis indicated all tardigrade genomes lacks thedoublesexortholog, suggestingdoublesexemerged after the divergence of Tardigrada. In contrast to sex-specific expression, no evidence of genomic difference between the sexes were found. We also identified several anhydrobiosis genes exhibiting sex-biased expression, possibly suggesting a mechanism for protection of sex specific tissues against extreme stress.ConclusionsThis study provides a comprehensive analysis for analyzing the genetic differences between sexes in tardigrades. The existence of male-biased, but not male-specific, genomic loci and identification of the family specific male-biasedDMRTsubfamily would provide the foundation for understanding the sex determination cascade. In addition, sex-biased expression of several tardigrade-specific genes which are involved their stress tolerance suggests a potential role in protecting sex-specific tissue and gametes.
Food touch limits lifespan through bioamine and neuroendocrine signaling
Authors: Kitto Elizabeth S. , Beydoun Safa , Leiser Scott F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn multicellular organisms, sensory perception affects many aspects of behavior and physiology. Sensory cues are frequently perceived by the nervous system, which in turn coordinates systemic changes that can modulate health. Here we find that the sense of touch interacts with nutritional state to modulate lifespan inC. elegans. Worms subjected to dietary restriction are shorter-lived when they perceive tactile stimuli that mimic bacterial food and protective soil. Touch modulation of dietary restriction requires primary mechanoreceptors, the neurotransmitters dopamine and tyramine/adrenaline, and the neuropeptides insulin and GnRH. Ultimately, the touch circuit regulates the longevity effectors DAF-2/IGF1R and FMO-2/FMO5. These results establish a physiological touch circuit and connect neural reward pathways to the growth and reproductive axes. Finding that gentle touch can modulate longevity suggests a role for physical comfort in healthspan and lifespan.
Disruption of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex leads to reduced polyglutamine aggregation and toxicity
Authors: Dublin-Ryan Leeran B. , Bhadra Ankan K. , True Heather L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe nascent polypeptide-associate complex (NAC) is a heterodimeric chaperone complex that binds near the ribosome exit tunnel and is the first point of chaperone contact for newly synthesized proteins. Deletion of the NAC induces embryonic lethality in many multi-cellular organisms. Previous work has shown that the deletion of the NAC rescues cells from prion-induced cytotoxicity. This counterintuitive result led us to hypothesize that NAC disruption would improve viability in cells expressing human misfolding proteins. Here, we show that NAC disruption improves viability in cells expressing expanded polyglutamine and also leads to delayed and reduced aggregation of expanded polyglutamine and changes in polyglutamine aggregate morphology. Moreover, we show that NAC disruption leads to changes inde novoyeast prion induction. These results indicate that the NAC plays a critical role in aggregate organization as a potential therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disorders.
Rigid, bivalent CTLA-4 binding to CD80 is required to disrupt thecisCD80 / PD-L1 interaction
Authors: Robinson Maximillian A , Kennedy Alan , Orozco Carolina T , Chen Hung-Chang , Waters Erin , Giovacchini Dalisay , Yeung Kay , Filer Lily , Hinze Claudia , Lloyd Christopher , Dovedi Simon J , Sansom David M 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe CTLA-4 and PD-1 checkpoints control immune responses to self-antigens and are key targets in cancer immunotherapy. Both pathways are connected via a cis interaction between CD80 and PD-L1, the ligands for CTLA-4 and PD-1 respectively. This cis interaction prevents PD-1 binding to PD-L1 but is reversed by CTLA-4 trans-endocytosis of CD80. However, the mechanism by which CTLA-4 selectively removes CD80 but not PD-L1 is unclear. Here we show that CTLA-4 – CD80 interactions are unimpeded by PD-L1 and that CTLA-4 binding with CD80 does not displace PD-L1 per se. Rather, both the rigidity and bivalency of the WT CTLA-4 molecule is required to orientate CD80 such that PD-L1 interactions are no longer permissible. Moreover, soluble CTLA-4 released PD-L1 only at specific expression levels of CD80 and PD-L1, whereas CTLA-4 trans-endocytosis released PD-L1 in all conditions. These data show that PD-L1 release from CD80 is driven by biophysical factors associated with orientation and bivalent cross-linking of proteins in the cell membrane and that trans-endocytosis of CD80 efficiently promotes PD-L1 availability.