bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ab initio study of MgO epitaxial layers on a Co2MnSi (0 0 1) surface: influence of the interface structure on tunnelling conductance
Authors: Yu H L , Jiang X F , Zheng Y , Yang G W 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The formation of MgO epitaxial layers on a Co2MnSi (0 0 1) surface was studied using the ab initio electronic structure calculations based on the density functional theory. The free energy calculations showed that the O-rich, O-top and Mg-rich configurations in the CoCo termination case, and the O-rich and O-top configurations in the MnSi termination case were thermodynamically stable. The magnetic and electronic properties of these stable configurations were investigated in detail, and the results indicated that only the Mg-rich configuration with CoCo termination exhibited near half-metallic properties at the interface. The influence of the interfacial structure on the tunnelling conductance of the Co2MnSi/MgO/Co2MnSi magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) was also discussed using the nonequilibrium Green's function method. The attained conductance showed that a large difference of up to 104 was observed in the magnitude of parallel conductance, which means that the interface structure plays a crucial role in the electronic transport of the MTJ. These findings are useful in designing MTJs with high performance.
White long-lasting phosphorescence generation in a CaAl2Si2O8 : Eu2+, Mn2+, Dy3+ system through persistent energy transfer
Authors: Zhang Jinsu , Chen Baojiu , Sun Jiashi , Li Xiangping , Cheng Lihong , Zhong Haiyang 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Based on the persistent energy transfer principle, Mn2+ was introduced into a CaAl2Si2O8 : Eu2+/Dy3+ phosphor to achieve white long-lasting emissions. Eu2+, Mn2+ and Dy3+ tri-doped CaAl2Si2O8 phosphors with various Mn2+ concentrations were prepared via a solid-state reaction, and the crystal structure of the phosphors was identified by the x-ray diffraction technique. The luminescent properties of the Eu2+, Mn2+ and Dy3+ tri-doped CaAl2Si2O8 phosphors were studied. The energy transfer behaviour from Eu2+ to Mn2+ was analysed within the framework of Dexter theory. The physical mechanism of energy transfer was assigned to the electric dipole–quadrupole interaction. It was also demonstrated that the colour coordinates of the phosphors can be tuned from the blue region to the white region in the colour space. Furthermore, the afterglow decay and thermoluminescence curves were measured, indicating excellent phosphorescence properties of the current phosphors.
Single-walled carbon nanotube/(Pb, Zn)-phosphate glass heterostructure: an optical sensor and efficient photocurrent converter
Authors: Balaji Sathravada , Bose Saptasree , Debnath Radhaballabh 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
A light-sensitive heterostructure composite of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and (Pb, Zn)-phosphate glass is synthesized and its spectroscopic and optoelectronic properties are studied. Absorption spectrum of SWCNTs in the composite is quite different from that of its film, which is consistent with our earlier observations that SWCNTs in such a composite suffer stress-induced conformational deformations and band structure modulation. UV/Vis light-induced electron spin resonance (LIESR) spectrum of the composite shows large enhancement of the signal due to the conduction electrons of the SWCNTs and concomitant appearance of a new signal in the lower field region with g = 2.45 and peak-to-peak half width ΔH
pp = 9.0 mT, which is attributable to the lead hole (Pb3+). A phenomenon of creation of charge separation in the system due to the light-induced Pb3+ holes formation by releasing electrons from the interstitial Pb2+-sites and capture of those photo-generated electrons by the SWCNTs in the system, is thus observed. Similar LISER experiments using separately only UV (230–400 nm) and only Vis-light (>400 nm) demonstrate that the composite has good response to the UV and near visible light. Photoconduction studies, on the other hand, indicate that the SWCNTs, which exist in the system with a quasimetallic band structure, act as an efficient medium of transport for these charge carriers. The material thus shows the prospect of being used as a solar photocurrent converter.
Modelling electroluminescence in insulating polymers under ac stress: effect of voltage offset and pre-stressing
Authors: Baudoin F , Mills D H , Lewin P L , Le Roy S , Teyssedre G , Laurent C , Clain S 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Ac electroluminescence (EL) in polyethylene films is well documented on experimental grounds but a detailed model encompassing injection and transport is still to be strengthened. In particular, different papers report that the EL under ac sinusoidal voltage for both divergent and uniform field configurations is independent of a superimposed dc voltage offset, which is confirmed by our own measurements. Based on modelling, we show that the dc offset voltage induces a transient behaviour of the ac EL; where the symmetry between the EL peaks occurring during each half cycle of the ac voltage is broken but the same steady state is reached for any value of dc offset. The transient duration is short relative to the timescale of a typical EL measurement explaining why it has not been reported experimentally. It depends on the injection level, charge mobility and recombination efficiency. The model also explains the dependence of ac EL on the presence of homo-space charge near the electrodes.
Determination of plasma stability using resonant field amplification in JET
Authors: Gryaznevich M.P. , Liu Y.Q. , Hender T.C. , Howell D.F. , Beurskens M. , Chapman I.T. , Challis C.D. , Joffrin E. , Koslowski H.R. , Buratti P. , Solano E. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Resonant field amplification (RFA) has been systematically measured on JET, using active MHD spectroscopy to probe plasma stability at high and low beta, and compared with theoretical predictions. RFA has been measured as a plasma response to externally applied fields. At high beta, RFA has been used to identify the ideal no-wall beta limit. It was found experimentally and explained theoretically that the beta limit strongly depends on the current density and q profiles, and in particular on the q
min value, and the current density profile near the plasma edge. At low beta, RFA has been observed and analysed in detail during edge-localized mode (ELM)-free periods prior to the first ELM either after L–H transition or after long ELM-free periods during a pulse. These observations confirm that the measured increase in the RFA in some cases (e.g. at low beta) may not be connected with the no-wall beta limit associated with the RWM, but may reflect a proximity to other stability thresholds. Reduction in RFA is observed during an outer mode for the first time. The first results on n = 2 probing on JET are presented.
Heterogeneity of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat: Multi-scale Distributions and Temporal Variation in Relation to Environment
Authors: Kriss Alissa B. , Madden Laurence V. , Paul Pierce A. , Xu Xiangming 
Published: July 2012

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease of wheat, which is highly variable at several spatial and temporal scales. Different statistical approaches were used to either quantify or partially explain this heterogeneity. First, a generalized linear mixed model was fitted to hierarchical survey data for the incidence of FHB in Ohio. Estimated variance terms indicated large and significant spatial heterogeneity among counties and among fields within counties, with substantially lower variation among sites within fields. Second, window-pane analysis was used to investigate the effects of environment on the inter-annual variation in FHB in four United States (US) states and the spatio-temporal variation across three European countries. Moisture- or wetness-related variables (e.g., average daily relative humidity) were positively associated with FHB intensity for multiple window lengths and starting times, especially for the last 2 months of the growing season. Third, cross-spectral analysis was used to determine whether there was coherency between variation in FHB in Ohio and global climatic patterns. There were significant coherencies at one or more inter-annual time scales (i.e., periods), with peaks in FHB following lows in the climate index (a reflection of a La Niña event) by about 1 year. Accepted for publication 27 April 2012. Published 23 July 2012.
First Report of Vinca minor Co-infected with Puccinia vincae and Golovinomyces orontii in Texas
Authors: Woodward J. E. , Vandiver M. R. , Ong K. L. , McBride S. A. 
Published: July 2012

Vinca spp. are commonly planted in gardens and landscapes as a groundcover. In May 2009, diseased periwinkle (Vinca minor L.) plants were obtained from an established residential landscape in Muleshoe, TX. Both Golovinomyces orontii (Castagne) V.P. Heluta and Puccinia vincae were identified as pathogens in the samples. Whereas both G. orontii and P. vincae have been reported on Vinca minor in the United States, this is the first report of each in Texas. Accepted for publication 24 May 2012. Published 24 July 2012.
Unravelling hair follicle–adipocyte communication
Authors: Schmidt Barbara , Horsley Valerie 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHere, we explore the established and potential roles for intradermal adipose tissue in communication with hair follicle biology. The hair follicle delves deep into the rich dermal macroenvironment as it grows to maturity where it is surrounded by large lipid‐filled adipocytes. Intradermal adipocytes regenerate with faster kinetics than other adipose tissue depots and in parallel with the hair cycle, suggesting an interplay exists between hair follicle cells and adipocytes. While adipocytes have well‐established roles in metabolism and energy storage, until recently, they were overlooked as niche cells that provide important growth signals to neighbouring skin cells. We discuss recent data supporting adipocytes as niche cells for the skin and skin pathologies that may be related to alterations in skin adipose tissue defects.
Multiple clonal MLL fusions in a patient receiving CHOP‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Shih Shyh‐Jen , Fass Joseph , Buffalo Vincent , Lin Dawei , Singh Sheetal P. , Diaz Manuel O. , Vaughan Andrew T. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryMLL rearrangements were analysed in the blood of a patient receiving chemotherapy for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma using inverse polymerase chain reaction targeting exon 12, parallel sequencing and a custom algorithm design. Of thirteen MLL rearrangements detected, five were capable of generating MLL fusion genes, including MLL‐MLLT3, the most common fusion in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Other fusions, all previously clinically unobserved, included MLL‐NKD1, a fusion to the negative regulator of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, a pathway linked to leukaemic cell proliferation. The majority of the fusions exhibited clonal persistence from before treatment until 6 months post‐chemotherapy, suggesting the fusions may confer a survival advantage to the mutant clone. MLL breakpoints were partly clustered at a specific location, indicating commonality in the process of their formation. Further, the same MLL breakpoint location exhibited a 50–100‐fold increase in C to T transitions, consistent with attack by activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA). As is also observed in AML and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, in this single patient setting, MLL is capable of interacting with multiple fusion partners. This finding defines a discrete site of MLL susceptibility to fragmentation, linked to possible deregulation of AICDA function.
Development of an outcome measurement system for service planning for children and youth with special needs
Authors: Kertoy M. K. , Russell D. J. , Rosenbaum P. , Jaffer S. , Law M. , McCauley D. , Gorter J. W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimThis study described the process used in developing an outcome measurement framework for system planning to improve services for children and youth with special needs and their families in a Canadian province. The study reports the results of several parent‐completed measures, which would be useful in service planning as well as the acceptability and utility of these measures for use by families and service centres.Methods/resultsDevelopment of a theoretical framework, consultation with key stakeholders, testing the utility of selected outcome measures and initial dissemination of results were critical elements in the successful development of an outcome system. Consultation with stakeholders confirmed use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the child‐within‐family‐within community model as theoretical frameworks while building valuable partnerships and identifying potential barriers to implementation. Pilot testing showed three outcome measures were feasible for families to complete and the measures provided information about services for children that was valuable to families as well as service providers. Gaps in service delivery were identified and the need for better communication between service providers and communities to facilitate integrated services was highlighted.ConclusionThe findings from this study can be used to implement an outcome measurement system for children with special needs and may serve as a resource for international researchers who are working to develop valid tools as well as outcome systems that are useful for system planning.
Reliability and validity of a new instrument to measure tolerance of everyday risk for children
Authors: Hill A. , Bundy A. C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundA modicum of everyday risk provides opportunities for children to extend the limits of their competence. However, increasingly negative perceptions of risk have led to risk‐averse behaviours in adults, including severely restricting children's play. The degree to which risk in play is tolerated by adults impacts on the lives and experiences of children. However, no measure of adult tolerance to everyday risk exists. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument examining adults’ tolerances of risk during children's play.MethodsA 31‐item survey of risk tolerance was developed based on a Norwegian model of risky play; 100 parents and teachers of children aged 3 to 13 years completed the instrument. Data were subjected toRasch analysis. Psychometric properties of the data were examined.ResultsIterative analyses produced an instrument with goodness of fit statistics in the acceptable range, a logical item hierarchy, person separation index >2 and reliability index of 0.87. There was a strong positive relationship between participants’ self‐perceived risk tolerance and scores on the instrument, and between the age of the child and scores on the instrument.ConclusionsTheTolerance ofRisk inPlayScale (TRiPS) yields valid and reliable data for measuring the success of interventions to change adults’ everyday risk beliefs, and for exploring the impact of adults’ risk tolerance on children's play and development.
The recruitment process of the Barents Sea capelin (Mallotus villosus) stock, 2001–2003
Authors: WIEDMANN MAGNUS AUNE , PEDERSEN OLE‐PETTER , NILSSEN EINAR MAGNUS 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOceanographic and predation processes are important modulators of fish larvae survival and mortality. This study addresses the hypothesis that immature Norwegian spring‐spawning herring (Clupea harengus), when abundant in the Barents Sea, determine the capelin reproduction success through consumption of Barents Sea capelin (Mallotus villosus) larvae. Combining a hydrodynamic model and particle‐tracking individual‐based model, a realistic spatio‐temporal overlap between capelin larvae and predatory immature herring was modelled for the summer seasons of 2001–2003. Capelin larvae originating from western spawning grounds became widely dispersed during the summer season, whereas those originating from eastern spawning grounds experienced a rapid drift into the southeastern Barents Sea. Herring caused a 3% mortality of the capelin larvae population in 2001 and a 16% mortality in 2003, but the effect of predation from herring on capelin larvae was negligible in 2002. Despite a strong capelin larvae cohort and a virtual absence of predatory herring, the recruitment from the capelin 2002 year class was relatively poor from a long‐term perspective. We show that the choice of capelin spawning grounds has a major impact on the subsequent capelin larvae drift patterns, constituting an important modulator of the capelin larvae survival. Variation in drift patterns during the summer season is likely to expose the capelin larvae to a wide range of hazards, including predation from young cod, sandeel and other predators. Such alternative predators might thus have contributed to the poor capelin recruitment during 2001–2003, leading to the collapse of the capelin stock in the subsequent years.
Condition‐dependent natal dispersal in a large herbivore: heavier animals show a greater propensity to disperse and travel further
Authors: Debeffe Lucie , Morellet Nicolas , Cargnelutti Bruno , Lourtet Bruno , Bon Richard , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Mark Hewison A. J. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryNatal dispersal is defined as the movement between the natal range and the site of first breeding and is one of the most important processes in population dynamics. The choice an individual makes between dispersal and philopatry may be condition dependent, influenced by either phenotypic attributes and/or environmental factors.Interindividual variability in dispersal tactics has profound consequences for population dynamics, particularly with respect to metapopulation maintenance. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this variability is thus of primary interest.We investigated the ranging behaviour of 60 juvenileEuropean roe deer,Capreolus capreolus, monitored withGPScollars for 1 year prior to their first reproduction, from 2003 to 2010 inSouth‐WestFrance. Dispersal occurs across a spatial continuum so that dividing individuals into two categories (dispersers vs. philopatric) may lead to information loss. Therefore, to investigate condition‐dependent dispersal more accurately, we developed an individual‐based measure of dispersal distance, which took into account interindividual variation in ranging behaviour. We assessed the influence of body mass, the degree of habitat heterogeneity and sex on dispersal initiation date, dispersal propensity and distance.The overall population dispersal rate was 0·34, with a mean ± SDlinear distance between natal and post‐dispersal home ranges of 12·3 ± 10·5 km. Dispersal distances followed a classical leptokurtic distribution. We found no sex bias in either dispersal rate or distance. Forest animals dispersed less than those living in more heterogeneous habitats. Heavier individuals dispersed with a higher probability, earlier and further than lighter individuals. Our individual‐based standardised dispersal distance increased linearly with body mass, with some suggestion of a body mass threshold of 14 kg under which no individual dispersed.Natal dispersal in roe deer was thus dependent on both phenotypic attributes and environmental context. Our results suggest that population connectivity can be altered by a change in average body condition and is likely higher in the rich and heterogeneous habitats typical of modern day agricultural landscapes.
APN telephone follow up to low‐income first time mothers
Authors: Hannan Jean 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  To examine the effects of a low cost advanced practice nurse telephone intervention for 2 months postbirth in low‐income first time mothers with healthy full term infants.Background.  Currently women with non‐complicated, healthy full term newborn deliveries receive little to no routine postpartum support. This is problematic if mothers are first time mothers, poor, have problems accessing health care, have language barriers and sparse social support.Design.  A two group randomised clinical trial. This study was conducted in an inner city South Florida county hospital.Methods.  A control group (n = 69) received routine hospital discharge care. An intervention group (n = 70) received routine hospital discharge care plus APN follow up telephone calls for week 8 postdischarge. Comparison of outcomes included maternal health (stress, social support, physical health), infant health (routine medical visits, immunisations, weight gain), morbidity (urgent care visits, emergency room visits, re‐hospitalisations), and health care charges (urgent care visits, emergency room visits, re‐hospitalisations). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and two‐sample t‐tests.Results.  Intervention group mothers had significantly lower perceived stress, significantly greater perceived maternal health and social support; infants had healthier weight gain, fewer emergency room visits; significantly lower total health care charges ($14,333 vs. $70,834) compared to controls.Conclusion.  Study results indicate that APN follow up telephone calls to low‐income first time mothers with healthy full term infants is an effective, safe, low cost, easy to apply intervention that improved mothers’ and infants’ health outcomes and reduced healthcare charges.Relevance to clinical practice.  APNs are uniquely positioned to conduct follow up interventions aimed at providing continuity of care including APN telephone follow up. This is imperative for vulnerable populations especially during times of major budget cuts that affect health care services.
Adequacy of early enteral nutrition in adult patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Kim Hyunjung , Stotts Nancy A , Froelicher Erika S , Engler Marguerite M , Porter Carol , Kwak Heejeong 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  To evaluate the adequacy of energy and protein intake of patients in a Korean intensive care unit in the first four days after initiation of enteral feeding and to investigate the factors that had impact on adequate intake.Background.  Underfeeding is a common problem for patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit and is associated with severe negative consequences, including increased morbidity and mortality.Design.  A prospective, cohort study was conducted in a medical intensive care unit of a university hospital in Korea.Methods.  A total of 34 adult patients who had a primary medical diagnosis and who had received bolus enteral nutrition for the first four days after initiation of enteral nutrition were enrolled in this study. The data on prescription and intake of energy and protein, feeding method and feeding interruption were recorded during the first four days after enteral feeding initiation. Underfeeding was defined as the intake <90% of required energy and protein.Results.  Most patients (62%) received insufficient energy, although some (29%) received adequate energy. More than half of patients (56%) had insufficient protein intake during the first four days after enteral feeding was initiated. Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors associated with underfeeding of energy were early initiation of enteral nutrition, under‐prescription of energy and prolonged interruption of prescribed enteral nutrition.Conclusion.  Underfeeding is frequent in Korean critically ill patients owing to early initiation, under‐prescription and prolonged interruption of enteral feeding.Relevance to clinical practice.  Interventions need to be developed and tested that address early initiation, under‐prescription and prolonged interruption of enteral nutrition. Findings from this study are important as they form the foundation for the development of evidence‐based care that is badly needed to eliminate underfeeding in this large vulnerable Korean intensive care unit population.