bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A structural and functional dissection of the cardiac stress response factor MS1
Authors: Fogl Claudia , Puckey Loretto , Hinssen Ulrike , Zaleska Mariola , El‐Mezgueldi Mohammed , Croasdale Rebecca , Bowman Andrew , Matsukawa Akira , Samani Nilesh J. , Savva Renos , Pfuhl Mark 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMS1 is a protein predominantly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle that is upregulated in response to stress and contributes to development of hypertrophy. In the aortic banding model of left ventricular hypertrophy, its cardiac expression was significantly upregulated within 1 h. Its function is postulated to depend on its F‐actin binding ability, located to the C‐terminal half of the protein, which promotes stabilization of F‐actin in the cell thus releasing myocardin‐related transcription factors to the nucleus where they stimulate transcription in cooperation with serum response factor. Initial attempts to purify the protein only resulted in heavily degraded samples that showed distinct bands on SDS gels, suggesting the presence of stable domains. Using a combination of combinatorial domain hunting and sequence analysis, a set of potential domains was identified. The C‐terminal half of the protein actually contains two independent F‐actin binding domains. The most C‐terminal fragment (294–375), named actin binding domain 2 (ABD2), is independently folded while a proximal fragment called ABD1 (193–296) binds to F‐actin with higher affinity than ABD2 (KD 2.21 ± 0.47 μM vs. 10.61 ± 0.7 μM), but is not structured by itself in solution. NMR interaction experiments show that it binds and folds in a cooperative manner to F‐actin, justifying the label of domain. The architecture of the MS1 C‐terminus suggests that ABD1 alone could completely fulfill the F‐actin binding function opening up the intriguing possibility that ABD2, despite its high level of conservation, could have developed other functions. Proteins 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural insight into mechanism and diverse substrate selection strategy of L‐ribulokinase
Authors: Agarwal Rakhi , Burley Stephen K. , Swaminathan Subramanyam 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe araBAD operon encodes three different enzymes required for catabolism of
L‐arabinose, which is one of the most abundant monosaccharides in nature.
L‐ribulokinase, encoded by the araB gene, catalyzes conversion of
L‐ribulose to
L‐ribulose‐5‐phosphate, the second step in the catabolic pathway. Unlike other kinases, ribulokinase exhibits diversity in substrate selectivity and catalyzes phosphorylation of all four 2‐ketopentose sugars with comparable kcat values. To understand ribulokinase recognition and phosphorylation of a diverse set of substrates, we have determined the X‐ray structure of ribulokinase from Bacillus halodurans bound to
L‐ribulose and investigated its substrate and ATP co‐factor binding properties. The polypeptide chain is folded into two domains, one small and the other large, with a deep cleft in between. By analogy with related sugar kinases, we identified 447GGLPQK452 as the ATP‐binding motif within the smaller domain.
L‐ribulose binds in the cleft between the two domains via hydrogen bonds with the side chains of highly conserved Trp126, Lys208, Asp274, and Glu329 and the main chain nitrogen of Ala96. The interaction of
L‐ribulokinase with
L‐ribulose reveals versatile structural features that help explain recognition of various 2‐ketopentose substrates and competitive inhibition by
L‐erythrulose. Comparison of our structure to that of the structures of other sugar kinases revealed conformational variations that suggest domain–domain closure movements are responsible for establishing the observed active site environment. Proteins 2012; © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Teachers learning from professional development in elementary science: Reciprocal relations between formative assessment and pedagogical content knowledge
Authors: Falk Andrew 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFormative assessment, assessment used to inform subsequent learning, can have a powerful positive impact on student achievement, but little empirical work has been conducted to investigate the role of teachers' knowledge in its practice. This study investigated reciprocal relations between elementary science teachers' formative assessment practices and their pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Data sources included video records and artifacts from a professional development (PD) program that engaged 11 teachers in collaborative analysis of their students' work. Analysis of the data showed that teachers' PCK was a resource in all aspects of their formative assessment practice, and teachers most frequently made use of their existing knowledge of instructional strategies and curriculum. It also showed that teachers constructed PCK through formative assessment by building and refining knowledge of curricular goals and student understanding over multiple PD sessions. Findings suggest that formative assessment can be a powerful opportunity for teachers to use, integrate, and generate PCK but that teachers require additional resources to build knowledge of instructional strategies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96:265–290, 2012
Incidence of self-reported acute gastrointestinal infections in the community in Poland: a population-based study
Authors: BAUMANN-POPCZYK A. , SADKOWSKA-TODYS M. , ROGALSKA J. , STEFANOFF P. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYA retrospective cross-sectional survey of self-reported acute gastrointestinal infection (AGI) incidence in the community was performed in Poland, from December 2008 to November 2009. The aim of the study was to estimate the magnitude and distribution of self-reported AGI, in order to calibrate the routine AGI surveillance system in Poland. The study population were randomly selected residents of all Polish regions, having a fixed telephone line. An equal number of telephone interviews were collected each month, requesting the interviewee to identify gastrointestinal symptoms that had occurred in the previous 4 weeks. The international AGI case definition was used. In total 3583 complete interviews were obtained. The compliance ratio was 26%. Of 3583 respondents, 240 (6·7%) individuals fulfilled the AGI case definition. The annualized incidence of acute gastroenteritis was 0·9/person-year (95% confidence interval 0·8–1·0). Comparison of the obtained annual AGI estimate (33·3 million infections) with the number of cases reported to national surveillance during the corresponding period (73 512), yielded an underreporting factor of 453 cases occurring in the community for each reported case. Of the 240 AGI cases, 30·4% consulted a general practitioner, and 4·6% were admitted to hospital. Samples for microbiological confirmation were collected from four (1·6%) cases. This first population-based study in eastern Europe has confirmed that AGI places a high burden on Polish society, which is underestimated by national surveillance data. Efforts are necessary to improve AGI reporting and diagnostic practices in order to increase the effectiveness of the Polish surveillance system in detecting threats related to new AGI pathogens, new routes of transmission or the potential for international spread.
Education Does Not Slow Cognitive Decline with Aging: 12-Year Evidence from the Victoria Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zahodne Laura B. , Glymour M. Maria , Sparks Catharine , Bontempo Daniel , Dixon Roger A. , MacDonald Stuart W.S. , Manly Jennifer J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAlthough the relationship between education and cognitive status is well-known, evidence regarding whether education moderates the trajectory of cognitive change in late life is conflicting. Early studies suggested that higher levels of education attenuate cognitive decline. More recent studies using improved longitudinal methods have not found that education moderates decline. Fewer studies have explored whether education exerts different effects on longitudinal changes within different cognitive domains. In the present study, we analyzed data from 1014 participants in the Victoria Longitudinal Study to examine the effects of education on composite scores reflecting verbal processing speed, working memory, verbal fluency, and verbal episodic memory. Using linear growth models adjusted for age at enrollment (range, 54–95 years) and gender, we found that years of education (range, 6–20 years) was strongly related to cognitive level in all domains, particularly verbal fluency. However, education was not related to rates of change over time for any cognitive domain. Results were similar in individuals older or younger than 70 at baseline, and when education was dichotomized to reflect high or low attainment. In this large longitudinal cohort, education was related to cognitive performance but unrelated to cognitive decline, supporting the hypothesis of passive cognitive reserve with aging. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1039–1046)
Cognitive Outcomes for Extremely Preterm/Extremely Low Birth Weight Children in Kindergarten
Authors: Orchinik Leah J. , Taylor H. Gerry , Espy Kimberly Andrews , Minich Nori , Klein Nancy , Sheffield Tiffany , Hack Maureen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOur objectives were to examine cognitive outcomes for extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight (EPT/ELBW, gestational age <28 weeks and/or birth weight <1000 g) children in kindergarten and the associations of these outcomes with neonatal factors, early childhood neurodevelopmental impairment, and socioeconomic status (SES). The sample comprised a hospital-based 2001–2003 birth cohort of 148 EPT/ELBW children (mean birth weight 818 g; mean gestational age 26 weeks) and a comparison group of 111 term-born normal birth weight (NBW) classmate controls. Controlling for background factors, the EPT/ELBW group had pervasive deficits relative to the NBW group on a comprehensive test battery, with rates of cognitive deficits that were 3 to 6 times higher in the EPT/ELBW group. Deficits on a measure of response inhibition were found in 48% versus 10%, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 7.32 (3.32, 16.16),p< .001. Deficits on measures of executive function and motor and perceptual-motor abilities were found even when controlling for acquired verbal knowledge. Neonatal risk factors, early neurodevelopmental impairment, and lower SES were associated with higher rates of deficits within the EPT/ELBW group. The findings document both global and selective cognitive deficits in EPT/ELBW children at school entry and justify efforts at early identification and intervention. (JINS, 2011,17, 1067–1079)
Emotion Labeling and Socio-Emotional Outcomes 18 Months after Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Tlustos Sarah J. , Chiu C.-Y. Peter , Walz Nicolay Chertkoff , Taylor H. Gerry , Yeates Keith Owen , Wade Shari L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA growing body of literature has documented evidence for emotion labeling (EL) deficits after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, long-term effects of TBI on EL abilities, particularly among young children, are unclear. We investigated EL abilities and socio-emotional outcomes in 32 children with moderate–severe TBI, 23 with complicated-mild TBI, and 82 children with orthopedic injuries (OI), shortly after injury and at 18 months post-injury. All children were between 3:0 and 6:11 years of age at the time of injury. Repeated measures analyses indicated that all groups showed improved EL performance between acute and 18-month assessments, but that the moderate–severe TBI group improved at a slower rate than the OI group, so that the two groups showed significantly different performance at 18 months. Emotion labeling ability did not significantly contribute to the prediction of socio-emotional outcomes after controlling for pre-injury functioning. These results provide preliminary evidence of emerging EL deficits after early childhood TBI that are related to injury severity but that do not predict social and behavioral outcomes. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1132–1142)
Use of voluntarily fortified foods among adults in Finland
Authors: Hirvonen Tero , Kara Anna , Korkalo Liisa , Sinkko Harri , Ovaskainen Marja-Leena , Mikkilä Vera 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the purchase and use of fortified foods, and to explore and compare background characteristics, food consumption and nutrient intakes among users and non-users of voluntarily fortified foods in Finland.DesignA study based on the National FINDIET Survey 2007 (48 h recall), which included also a barcode-based product diary developed to assess the type, amount and users of voluntarily fortified foods. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate associations between background characteristics and the use of fortified foods.SettingRandomly chosen subgroup of 918 adult participants in the National FINDIET 2007 Survey.SubjectsMen and women aged 25–64 years from five regions.ResultsThe product group of voluntarily fortified foods purchased in the highest volume was yoghurts (44 % of the weight of all fortified food), followed by fruit drinks (36 %). The only characteristics independently associated with the use of voluntarily fortified foods were age (older people used them less commonly) and the consumption of fruit and vegetables (participants with the highest consumption used them more commonly). Users of fortified foods had higher consumption of yoghurt, juice drinks and ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (women only) than non-users, and lower consumption of boiled potatoes (men only).ConclusionsUse of voluntarily fortified foods is associated with high consumption of fruit and vegetables but not with other health-related behaviours. The use of voluntarily fortified foods does not seem to even out the differences in nutrient intake among Finnish adults.
Extravesicular intraneuronal migration of internalized botulinum neurotoxins without detectable inhibition of distal neurotransmission
Authors: Lawrence Gary W. , Ovsepian Saak V. , Wang Jiafu , Aoki K. Roger , Dolly J. Oliver 
Published: September 2011

Intracellular protein transport routes can be studied using toxins that exploit these to enter cells. BoNTA (botulinum neurotoxin type A) is a protease that binds to peripheral nerve terminals, becomes endocytosed and causes prolonged blockade of transmitter release by cleaving SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa). Retrograde transport of the toxin has been suggested, but not of the transient muscle relaxant, BoNTE (botulinum neurotoxin type E). In the present study, dispersal of these proteases in compartmented cultures of rat sympathetic neurons was examined after focal application of BoNTA or BoNTE to neurites. A majority of cleaved SNAP-25 was seen locally, but some appeared along neurites and accumulated in the soma over several weeks. BoNTE yielded less cleaved SNAP-25 at distal sites due to shorter-lived enzymic activity. Neurite transection prevented movement of BoNTA. The BoNTA protease could be detected only in the supernatants of neurites or cell body lysates, hence these proteases must move along neuronal processes in the axoplasm or are reversibly associated with membranes. Substitution into BoNTE of the BoNTA acceptor-binding domain did not alter its potency or mobility. Spontaneous or evoked transmission to cell bodies were not inhibited by retrogradely migrated BoNTA except with high doses, concurring with the lack of evidence for a direct central action when used clinically.
Secretion of rat tracheal epithelial cells induces mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into epithelial cells
Authors: Sun Zhaorui , Wang Yajing , Gong Xuemin , Su Hang , Han Xiaodong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBone marrow MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) can differentiate into various tissue cells, including epithelial cells. This presents interesting possibilities for cellular therapy, but the differentiation efficiency of MSCs is very low. We have explored specific inducing factors to improve the epithelial differentiation efficiency of MSCs. Under inducing conditions, MSCs differentiated into epithelial cells and expressed several airway epithelial markers using RTE (rat tracheal epithelial) cell secretions. Rat cytokine antibody array was used to detect cytokines of the RTE secretion components, in which 32 kinds of protein were found. Seven proteins [TRAIL (tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), BDNF (brain‐derived neurotrophic factor), TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor β1), MMP‐2 (metalloproteinases‐2), OPN (osteopontin) and activin A in RTE secretions] were assayed using ELISA kits. The four growth factors (VEGF, BDNF, TGFβ1 and activin A) were involved in regulating stem cell growth and differentiation. We speculated that these four play a vital role in the differentiation of MSCs into epithelial cells by triggering appropriate signalling pathways. To induce epithelial differentiation, MSCs were cultured using VEGF, BDNF, TGFβ1 and activin A. Differentiated MSCs were characterized both morphologically and functionally by their capacity to express specific markers for epithelial cells. The data demonstrated that MSCs can differentiate into epithelial cells induced by these growth factors.
Identification and localization of S100A6 in human umbilical cord
Authors: Jurewicz Ewelina , Kasacka Irena , Bańkowski Edward , Filipek Anna 
Published: September 2011

AbstractS100A6, a calcium‐binding protein also known as calcyclin, was detected in human umbilical cord by immunoblotting. Immunohistochemical studies showed an intensive reaction for S100A6 in the walls of vessels and Wharton's jelly. In the latter, S100A6 was found not only in the myofibroblasts but also in the ECM (extracellular matrix) surrounding these cells. Affinity chromatography of S100A6 resin indicated that Wharton's jelly contains some proteins that could bind to S100A6. Thus these novel results show the presence of S100A6 in umbilical cord and suggest the involvement of this protein in intra‐ and extra‐cellular signalling pathways in this tissue.
The Indian Merchant Diaspora in Early Modern Central Asia and Iran
Authors: Levi Scott 
Published: September 2011

Long before European merchants working for the Dutch and the English East India Companies sailed around the Cape of Good Hope, there were caste-based Indian family firms operating heavily-capitalized commercial institutions throughout north India. The directors of these firms enlisted many thousands of agents and placed them in markets strategic to their engagement in a variety of commercial activities, including large-scale transregional trade, brokering, money changing, and the financing of complex systems of rural credit and industrial production. Rather than triggering the decline of such indigenous commercial institutions, it is during the very period of European expansion into the Indian Ocean that the Indian family firms began to geographically diversify their portfolios by sending their agents to distant markets in port cities, villages, and major and minor urban centers as far away as Moscow.In a recent work, Stephen Dale has uncovered the existence of an early modern Indian merchant diaspora with communities dispersed throughout Central Asia, Iran, the Caucasus and much of Russia.
Monitoring A level standards: tests, grades and other approximations
Authors: Murphy Roger , Wilmut John , Wood Roger 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTMany different approaches have been used to research the comparability of examination grades, such as those generated by A level examinations in different subjects and years, and by different examination boards. This paper reviews various definitions of comparability which have been used, and argues that all definitions of comparability incorporate specific values. The paper explores studies that have used general ability reference tests as an independent measure against which to compare examination grades. This methodology is shown to be seriously flawed. The paper goes on to discuss other approaches to researching the comparability of A level grades, including the use of previous GCSE grades of A level candidates.
Teaching the curriculum: policy and practice in Portugal and Belgium
Authors: DA COSTA FRANCISCO CARREIRO , PIÉRON MAURICE 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSince 1989, the Portuguese education system has undergone curricular reform which has introduced deep structural changes to the subject of physical education (PE). PE has become a compulsory and examinable subject within the ‘core curriculum’ of all school years (1 st to 12th grade). National curricular plans for basic and secondary education have also been introduced. This paper provides a view of the political options which have underpinned the present curricular project of PE in Portugal and compares practices in that country with those in Belgium. The analysis first describes the ‘curriculum as text’ before focusing attention on the ‘curriculum as action’. The analysis explores the nature of teachers’, pupils’ and parents’ beliefs, values and attitudes that together mediate the curriculum as text, help define contexts of PE, and influence public and political attitudes towards the subject. The paper points to the importance of both researchers and teachers for the development of effective teaching and learning in PE.
Physical education and nationalism in Wales
Authors: Davies Brian , Evans John , Penney Dawn , Di Bass  
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper explores the connections between physical education (PE), sport, nationalism and citizenship in Wales, focusing upon how recent education policies relating to PE and sport are implicated in the cultural production of ideational differences between and among the peoples of Wales and England. The analysis suggests that tendencies towards narrow, conservative, cultural restorationist ideals, as evident in Wales as they are in England, may obstruct progress towards more innovative and progressive ideals in the curriculum of PE.
League tables and the press ‐value added?
Authors: Maw Janet 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article examines the way the national press have reported school performance and, in particular, the different strategies they adopt to compare one school with another. Though the author suggests that the press have shown a striking degree of ambivalence towards league tables, nevertheless she argues that when it has referred to them, it has frequently presented misleading and unreliable accounts of the comparative performance of schools. She concludes by arguing that, though this area is difficult and complex, different, and in some cases distorting, strategies muddy the waters of educational understanding and do not contribute to better performance by schools.