bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radial nerve innervation of the first dorsal interosseous muscle: A functional study
Authors: Brokaw J. , Craig S. , Deneal S. , Morris K. , Halle J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA recent cadaver study described that 25% of the superficial radial nerves (SRN) investigated sent a contributing nerve branch into the first dorsal interosseous (1DI) muscle. This high degree of anatomical variation was unexpected, as the 1DI muscle is typically viewed as receiving its innervation from the ulnar nerve. The purpose of this study was to explore this possible SRN innervation of the 1DI muscle using electrophysiological tests on living subjects. Fourteen subjects participated and procedures were completed on their upper extremities bilaterally. Subjects were positioned supine and testing for the presence of a compound motor action potential (CMAP) was completed to determine if the 1DI muscle could be stimulated with activation of the ulnar nerve and the SRN. In all the 28 extremities examined, ulnar nerve stimulation resulted in clear elicitation of a CMAP in the 1DI muscle but stimulation of the SRN did not. The obtained findings do not support an atypical voluntary motor innervation of the 1DI muscle by the SRN with an incidence approaching the 25% reported previously. Clin. Anat. 23:227–233, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rational Design, Synthesis, and Potency of N‐Substituted Indoles, Pyrroles, and Triarylpyrazoles as Potential Fructose 1,6‐Bisphosphatase Inhibitors
Authors: Rudnitskaya Aleksandra , Borkin Dmitry A. , Huynh Ken , Török Béla , Stieglitz Kimberly 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBy using computer modeling and lead structures from our earlier SAR results, a broad variety of pyrrole‐, indole‐, and pyrazole‐based compounds were evaluated as potential fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase (FBPase) inhibitors. The docking studies yielded promising structures, and several were selected for synthesis and FBPase inhibition assays: 1‐[4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]‐1H‐indole‐5‐carboxamide, 1‐(α‐naphthalen‐1‐ylsulfonyl)‐7‐nitro‐1H‐indole, 5‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐3‐phenyl‐1‐[3‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]‐1H‐pyrazole, 1‐(4‐carboxyphenylsulfonyl)‐1H‐pyrrole, and 1‐(4‐carbomethoxyphenylsulfonyl)‐1H‐pyrrole were synthesized and tested for inhibition of FBPase. The IC50 values were determined to be 0.991 and 1.34 μM, and 575, 135, and 32 nM, respectively. The tested compounds were significantly more potent than the natural inhibitor AMP (4.0 μM) by an order of magnitude; indeed, the best inhibitor showed an IC50 value toward FBPase more than two orders of magnitude better than that of AMP. This level of activity is virtually the same as that of the best currently known FBPase inhibitors. This work shows that such indole derivatives are promising candidates for drug development in the treatment of type II diabetes.
Effect of external tissue resistivity on threshold level of myelinated nerve fiber
Authors: Hayami Takehito , Iramina Keiji , Chen Xian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe rise of the threshold of electric current stimulation to generate compound action potential of nerve conduction study is considered to have a relationship to malfunctions of the nerve. The effect of the decrease of the resistivity of the external tissue and the thickness of myelin sheaths was investigated by computer simulation. A myelinated human nerve fiber dipped in the homogeneous conductor was stimulated with a monopolar cathode located outside the axon. The rise of the threshold by demyelination was found to be comparable to the effect of the decrease of the resistivity of the external tissue by a few Ωm when the external resistivity is about 10 Ωm. Actually the reduction of the thickness of the myelin sheaths also reduces the resistivity of the external tissue. Therefore, the contribution of both effects in the case of demyelination was estimated. As a result, the contributions of each effect were antagonized. As one of the causes of the rise of the threshold of nerve activation, the decrease of the resistivity of the external tissue is considerable. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(2): 50–56, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10065
Fine surface processing of LiNbO3 single crystals by maskless etching using NF3 system gas plasma RIE
Authors: Omata Teruaki , Murakami Noritsugu , Yoshikado Shinzo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe possibility of deep etching by plasma reactive ion etching (RIE) without an etching‐mask (maskless) for −Z and +Z parts formed on the same surface of a partially polarization reversed LiNbO3 single crystal polarized in the direction of the c‐axis is investigated. A NF3/H2 gas mixture was used. The etching rates and depths and the profiles of the etched surfaces were evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy. The etching rate for the −Z surface was larger than that for the +Z surface. Extension of the +Z domain by partial polarization reversal was observed. Applying the high voltage quickly for partial polarization reversal, the area of the +Z domain was extended compared with the result obtained by applying the voltage slowly. An apparent step at the boundary between −Z and +Z parts formed on the same surface was observed. Using a NF3/H2 gas mixture, the segments were removed efficiently. It is concluded that RIE etching using a NF3/H2 gas mixture is suitable for processing of LiNbO3 crystal surfaces without an etching mask, in contrast with a CF4/H2 gas mixture. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(2): 39–49, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10168
Techniques of acceleration for association rule induction with pseudo‐artificial life algorithm
Authors: Kanakubo Masaaki , Hagiwara Masafumi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFrequent pattern mining is an important problem in data mining. Generally, the number of potential rules grows rapidly as the size of the database increases. It is therefore hard for a user to extract association rules. To avoid such a difficulty, we propose a new method for association rule induction using a pseudo‐artificial life approach. The proposed method is to decide whether there exists an item set which contains N or more items in two transactions. If it exists, a series of item sets that are contained in the part of the transactions will be recorded. The iteration of this step contributes to the extraction of association rules. It is not necessary to calculate a huge number of candidate rules. In an evaluation test, the authors compared the extracted association rules using our method with rules obtained with other algorithms such as the a priori algorithm. In an evaluation using a huge retail market basket data set, our method was found to be approximately 10 to 20 times faster than the a priori algorithm and its variants. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(2): 1–11, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10225
Development of insulation technology in compact SF6 gas‐filled bushings: Development of compact 800‐kV SF6 gas‐filled bushings
Authors: Rokunohe Toshiaki , Kato Tatsuro , Hirose Makoto , Ishiguro Tetsu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEfforts of designers of gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) are currently focused on such features as smaller installation area and economical efficiency. Circuit breakers (CB), disconnecting switches (DS), and earthing switches (ES) have been redesigned in more compact configurations. Compactness and light‐weight requirements are applied also to bushings used in GIS. GIS bushings can be divided in three general types: capacitor, gas‐filled, and molded bushings. Requirements of the light weight and the economical efficiency of gas‐filled bushings can be satisfied by improvements in insulation technology. Size reduction can be effectively achieved by moderation of the electric field strength on the outside surface of the hollow insulator in the area of the inner grounded electrode tip. We devised a new inner grounded electrode structure consisting of a cylindrical electrode and a ring electrode supported by column electrodes. This paper describes the effect of reduction of the maximum value of electric field strength on the outside surface of the hollow insulator by a new type of grounded electrode. Then, improvement of insulation performance for electrodes with insulation coating in SF6 gas is described as the composite insulation technology. Finally, the efficiency of these insulation technologies is described by the basic insulation test results of a prototype compact 800‐kV SF6 gas‐filled bushing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 171(1): 19–27, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20898
One‐Dimensional Coordination Polymers Containing Polynuclear (Selenolato)copper Complexes Linked by Bipyridine Ligands
Authors: Fu Ming‐Lai , Fenske Dieter , Weinert Bastian , Fuhr Olaf 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThree one‐dimensional coordination polymers [Cu6(SePh)6(PPh3)3(4,4′‐bpy)] (1) (4,4′‐bpy = 4,4′‐bipyridine), [Cu2(SePh)2(dppm)(4,4′‐bpy)] (2), and [Cu2(SePh)2(dppe)(4,4′‐bpy)] (3), containing polynuclear (selenolato)copper complexes and linear cross‐linking bipyridine ligands, and one isolated dinuclear complex, [Cu2(SeC6H4SMe)2(PPh3)2(4,4′‐bpy)2] (4), have been prepared. The four complexes show optical transitions with HOMO–LUMO gaps of ca. 1.76 eV (1), 1.83 eV (2), 1.76 eV (3), and 2.12 eV (4), respectively.
Pillared Layered Metal Phosphonates Showing Field‐Induced Magnetic Transitions
Authors: Wang Peng‐Fei , Bao Song‐Song , Zhang Si‐Min , Cao Deng‐Ke , Liu Xun‐Gao , Zheng Li‐Min 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe first examples of metal phosphonates based on 6‐phosphononicotinic acid (pnaH3), namely, M3(pna)2(H2O)2 {1: M = CuII, 2: M = CoII} are reported. Both possess pillared layered structures. Within the inorganic layer, chains made up of dimers of edge‐sharing {M2O6} octahedra and {M1O6} octahedra through O(1W), O–P–O, and O–C–O units are interconnected by {PO3C} tetrahedra. The pyridyl groups of pna3– serve as the pillars. An antiferromagnetic ground state is found for each compound. When the external field reaches critical points at low temperature, compound 1 features a spin flop transition, whereas 2 shows metamagnetic behavior.
Voltammetric Determination of L‐Dopa on Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Composite Modified Microelectrodes
Authors: Mathiyarasu Jayaraman , Nyholm Leif 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn the present communication, it is shown that platinum microelectrodes electrochemically coated with a composite of poly(3,4‐)ethylenedioxythiophene and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (PEDOT/SWNT) enable determinations of 3,4‐dihydroxy‐L‐phenylalaines (L‐dopa) in neutral phosphate buffer solutions containing an excess of ascorbic acid. The interpenetrated networked nanostructure of the composite was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that the presence of the composite gives rise to an increase in the electroactive area of an order of magnitude in compared to the area for the bare microelectrodes. The composite film‐coated microelectrode, which yielded reversible cyclic voltammograms for the ferro/ferricyanide redox couple for scan rates between 0.01 and 0.10 V s−1, also gave rise to two well‐resolved oxidation peaks for L‐dopa and ascorbic acid (AA). The latter effect, which was not seen in the absence of the composite, enabled differential pulse voltammetric determinations of L‐dopa in the concentration range between 0.1 to 20 μM with a detection limit of 100 nM.
Blocking Behavior of Covalently Attached Anthraquinone Towards Solution‐Based Redox Probes
Authors: Reilson Risto , Kullapere Marko , Tammeveski Kaido 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe electrochemical properties of glassy carbon (GC) electrodes modified with 9,10‐anthraquinone (AQ) have been investigated. Electrografting of GC surface was carried out from the solution of the AQ diazonium derivative. The blocking action of GC/AQ electrodes for Fe(CN)$\rm{{_{6}^{3-}}}$ and Ru(NH3)$\rm{{_{6}^{3+}}}$ redox probes was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the rotating disk electrode (RDE) method. It was established that the extent of blocking was a function of AQ surface concentration. A peculiar behavior was observed at the potentials of AQ reduction.
Analytical Biosensing of Hydrogen Peroxide on Brilliant Cresyl Blue/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Peng Ya‐Yu , Upadhyay A. K. , Chen Shen‐Ming 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA cationic quinine‐imide dye brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were co‐immobilized within ormosil on multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode for the fabrication of highly sensitive and selective hydrogen peroxide biosensor. The presence of epoxy group in ormosil as organic moiety improves the mechanical strength and transparency of the film and amino group provides biocompatible microenvironment for the immobilization of enzyme. The presence of MWCNTs improved the conductivity of the nanocomposite film. The surface characterization of MWCNT modified ormosil nanocomposite film was performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry measurements were used to study and optimize the performance of the resulting peroxide biosensor. The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant was determined to be 1.5 mM. The proposed H2O2 biosensor exhibited wide linear range from 3×10−7 to 1×10−4 M, and low detection limit 1×10−7 M (S/N=3) with fast response time <5 s. The probable interferences in bio‐matrix were selected to test the selectivity and no significant response was observed in the biosensor. This biosensor possessed good analytical performance and long term storage stability.
Dynamics of Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol, Methanol and Formic Acid at MWCNT Platform Electrochemically Modified with Pt/Ru Nanoparticles
Authors: Maxakato Nobanathi W. , Ozoemena Kenneth I. , Arendse Christopher J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractComparative electrocatalytic behavior of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (fMWCNTs) electrodecorated with Pt/Ru nanoparticles towards the oxidation of methanol (MeOH), ethylene glycol (EG) and formic acid (FA) has been investigated. The catalytic current density decreased approximately as MeOH≈EG>FA. Result revealed that BPPGE‐fMWCNT‐Pt/Ru tolerates CO poisoning for FA electrooxidation than when used for the oxidation of the EG or MeOH. Electrochemical impedance spectra are dependent on the oxidation potentials, with equivalent circuit models characteristic of adsorption‐controlled charge transfer kinetics. The results provide important insights into the electrochemical response of these small organic molecules useful in fuel cell technology.
Development of a Controlled Release System for Risperidone Using Polypyrrole: Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Svirskis Darren , Wright Bryon E. , Travas‐Sejdic Jadranka , Rodgers Anthony , Garg Sanjay 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPolypyrrole (PPY) film has been selected as a platform material for drug delivery due to its inherent conductivity, ease of preparation and apparent biocompatibility. PPY films were prepared containing the antipsychotic drug risperidone as a model compound. Drug release profiles could be altered by applying different electrical stimulation to these films. Atomic force microscopy was used to investigate changes in PPY film thickness when different stimuli were applied. The highest levels of drug release were observed when PPY was reduced; this was accompanied by expansion of the film. Technology such as this could be utilized for implantable drug delivery devices, where the dose could be adjusted by external signaling.
A MgO Nanoparticles Composite Matrix‐Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Hydrogen Peroxide with High Sensitivity
Authors: Lu Limin , Zhang Li , Zhang Xiaobing , Wu Zaisheng , Huan Shuangyan , Shen Guoli , Yu Ruqin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA novel horseradish peroxidase (HRP) electrochemical biosensor based on a MgO nanoparticles (nano‐MgO)‐chitosan (chit) composite matrix was developed. The morphology of nano‐MgO‐chit nanocomposite was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The interaction between nano‐MgO‐chit nanocomposite matrix and enzyme was characterized with UV‐vis spectra. This proposed composite material combined the advantages of inorganic nanoparticles and organic polymer chit. The HRP immobilized in the nanocomposite matrix displayed excellent electrocatalytic activity to the reduction of H2O2 in the presence of hydroquinone as a mediator. The effects of the experimental variables such as solution pH and the working potential were investigated using steady‐state amperometry. The present biosensor (HRP‐modified electrode) had a fast response towards H2O2 (less than 10 s), and excellent linear relationships were obtained in the concentration range of 0.1–1300 μM, with a detection limit of 0.05 μM (S/N=3). Moreover, the stability and reproducibility of this biosensor were evaluated with satisfactory results.
Polythymine Oligonucleotide‐Modified Gold Electrode for Voltammetric Determination of Mercury(II) in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wu Jikui , Li Lanying , Shen Bijun , Cheng Guifang , He Pingang , Fang Yuzhi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPolythymine oligonucleotide (PTO)‐modified gold electrode (PTO/Au) was developed for selective and sensitive Hg2+ detection in aqueous solutions. This modified electrode was prepared by self‐assembly of thiolated polythymine oligonucleotide (5′‐SH‐T15‐3′) on the gold electrode via AuS bonds, and then the surface was passivated with 1‐mercaptohexanol solution. The proposed electrode utilizes the specific binding interactions between Hg2+ and thymine to selectively capture Hg2+, thereby reducing the interference from coexistent ions. After exchanging the medium, electrochemical reduction at −0.2 V for 60 s, voltammetric determination was performed by differential pulse voltammetry using 10 mM HEPES; pH 7.2, 1 M NaClO4 as supporting electrolyte. This electrode showed increasing voltammetric response in the range of 0.21 nM Hg2+, with a relative standard deviation of 5.32% and a practical detection limit of 60 pM. Compared with the conventional stripping approach, the modified electrode exhibits good sensitivity and selectivity, and is expected to be a new type of green electrode.
On the discretization of gradient and curl in atmospheric models using height‐based terrain‐following coordinates
Authors: Thuburn J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDifferent discretizations of the gradient and curl operators are considered for a staggered grid in a height‐based terrain‐following coordinate system. A combination of discrete operators is identified that guarantees the mimetic property that the curl of the gradient of any scalar vanishes identically. The result is illustrated with some numerical examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hall and ion‐slip effects on three‐dimensional flow of a second grade fluid
Authors: Hayat T. , Nawaz M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis investigation pursues the study of Hall and ion‐slip effects on steady three‐dimensional flow of an incompressible second grade fluid. The partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by using similarity variables. The resulting problems are solved by employing homotopy analysis method (HAM). The convergence of derived solutions is ensured. The influence of different physical parameters on the dimensionless velocities is examined by sketching plots. Variation of skin friction coefficients for different involved parameters is seen through tabulated values. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, structure, and fungicidal activity of triorganotin (4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)benzoates
Authors: Li Fang‐Lin , Dai Bin , Song Hai‐Bin , Mi Na , Tang Liang‐Fu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA series of triorganotin (4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)benzoates have been synthesized by the reaction of 4‐(4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)benzoic acid and 3‐(4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)benzoic acid with (R3Sn)2O (R = Et, n‐Bu and Ph) or R′3SnOH (R′ = p‐tolyl and cyclohexyl). The molecular structure of tri(p‐tolyl)tin 3‐(4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)benzoate determined by X‐ray crystallography displays that the tin atom adopts a five‐coordinate distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry with the carboxyl oxygen atom and the nitrogen atom on 1‐position of triazole ring occupying the apical position. Moreover, this complex forms a polymeric chain by the intermolecular Sn–N interactions. All these complexes show good antifungal activities in vitro against Alternaria solani, Cercospora arachidicola, Gibberella zeae, Physalospora piricola, and Botrytis cinerea. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:411–417, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20566
Synthesis and characterization of new O,O‐diethyl phosphorothioates derived from substituted tetrazolo[1,5‐a]quinolin‐ 4‐ylmethanol derivatives
Authors: Kategaonkar Amol H. , Pokalwar Rajkumar U. , Sadaphal Sandip A. , Shinde Pravin V. , Shingate Bapurao B. , Shingare Murlidhar S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA simple and convenient method is developed for the synthesis of new O,O‐diethyl O‐(substituted tetrazolo[1,5‐a]quinolin‐4‐yl)methyl phosphorothioates, which has been synthesized for the first time from tetrazolo[1,5‐a] quinolines via tetrazolo[1,5‐a]quinolin‐4‐ylmethanol derivatives. The structures of the all newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by analytical and spectral methods. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:436–441, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20570
ERK regulates strain‐induced migration and proliferation from different subcellular locations
Authors: Gayer Christopher P. , Craig David H. , Flanigan Thomas L. , Reed Thomas D. , Cress Dean E. , Basson Marc D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRepetitive deformation like that engendered by peristalsis or villous motility stimulates intestinal epithelial proliferation on collagenous substrates and motility across fibronectin, each requiring ERK. We hypothesized that ERK acts differently at different intracellular sites. We stably transfected Caco‐2 cells with ERK decoy expression vectors that permit ERK activation but interfere with its downstream signaling. Targeting sequences constrained the decoy inside or outside the nucleus. We assayed proliferation by cell counting and migration by circular wound closure with or without 10% repetitive deformation at 10 cycles/min. Confocal microscopy confirmed localization of the fusion proteins. Inhibition of phosphorylation of cytoplasmic RSK or nuclear Elk confirmed functionality. Both the nuclear‐localized and cytosolic‐localized ERK decoys prevented deformation‐induced proliferation on collagen. Deformation‐induced migration on fibronectin was prevented by constraining the decoy in the nucleus but not in the cytosol. Like the nuclear‐localized ERK decoy, a Sef‐overexpressing adenovirus that sequesters ERK in the cytoplasm also blocked the motogenic and mitogenic effects of strain. Inhibiting RSK or reducing Elk ablated both the mitogenic and motogenic effects of strain. RSK isoform reduction revealed isoform specificity. These results suggest that ERK must translocate to the nucleus to stimulate cell motility while ERK must act in both the cytosol and the nucleus to stimulate proliferation in response to strain. Selectively targeting ERK within different subcellular compartments may modulate or replace physical force effects on the intestinal mucosa to maintain the intestinal mucosal barrier in settings when peristalsis or villous motility are altered and fibronectin is deposited into injured tissue. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 711–725, 2010. Published in 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.