bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aicardi syndrome with macrocrania
Authors: DEGOUMOIS A , LUX AL , RYSANEK B , PONTE K , EMERY E , DENION E 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose to report a case of Aicardi syndrome associated with macrocrania.Methods Aicardi syndrome is a very rare X‐linked congenital disorder. It is characterised by a typical triad of chorioretinal lacunae, agenesis of the corpus callosum and early‐onset infantile spasm.Results A five‐month‐old girl presented with macrocrania and abnormal visual behavior. She was born in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) and suffered from hydrocephalus. She underwent first ventriculo‐peritoneal derivation when she was one‐month‐old. This derivation was not efficient and her intracranial hypertension worsened. She suffered from local seizures during the two first months of life. Her brain CT scan showed tri‐ventricular hydrocephalus and agenesis of the corpus collosum. She was referred to Caen university hospital neurosurgery department in order to have a new derivation. She presented with no ocular pursuit and no light perception. The papillary light reflexes were present. Fundus examination showed bilateral chorioretinal lacunae involving both maculas with clear cut margins.Conclusion We diagnosed this Aicardi syndrome thanks to the clinical triad. However, Aicardi syndrome is rarely associated with macrocrania. We rewiewed the literature to discuss the wide nosological status of this syndrome and its described associations.
Postural control in children with early strabismus without amblyopia
Authors: ORSSAUD C , GAERTNER C , CREUX C , ESPINASSE‐BERROD MA , ROCHE O , DUFIER JL , KAPOULA Z 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose In healthy subjects, the postural stability in orthostatic position is better when fixating at near than at far distance; increased convergence angle contributes to such effect. Children with strabismus present a deficit in vergence movements. The goal of this study was to evaluate the postural control in children in relation with the vergence angle while fixating at different depths, and also while making active vergence movements.Methods A TechnoConcept platform (Céreste, France) was used to record postural stability of 11 subjects (M= 11.18 years) with convergent strabismus and 13 (M=11.31 years) with divergent strabismus in 3 conditions: fixation at 40cm, at 2m and active vergence movement between two target at 20cm and 50cm.Results As for the controls, the standard deviation of medio‐lateral body sway decreased with proximity for convergent strabismus but increased for divergent strabismus. Relative to fixation, vergence eye movements caused an increase of medio‐lateral body sway for convergent strabismus but decrease for divergent strabismus. Yet, vergence eye movements were associated with the least variance of speed, indicating that less energy is needed to control body sway.Conclusion We conclude that the fixation depth at which postural stability is best in strabismus is that for which the appropriate vergence angle correspond to the strabismus angle. It might be mediated by preponderant eye movement signals related to the angle of strabismus. Reduction of variance of speed in the active vergence eye movement condition corroborates further such interpretation.
Comparison of latency of P100 wave in children demonstrating some pathological disorders
Authors: PILECKI W , RUSIECKI L , KALKA D , SZAWROWICZ T 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose A goal of the present paper was an assessment of usefulness of latency of P100 wave in describing few pathological disorders in children. The study group comprised 268 children, including 68 with cytomegaly (CM), 59 with myelomeningocele (MM) , 69 with purulent meningitis(PM) and 73 with Down’s syndrome (DS). The control group consisted of 592 healthy children.Methods Registrations were performed using Visual Evoked Potentials for each patient, stored on data bank and evaluated automatically with manual correction. Collected values of P100 wave’s latency were analyzed using typical statistical tools (t‐test contained in STATISTICA‐data analysis software system. StatSoft, Inc. 2011, version 10. www.statsoft.com).Results The comparison performed in regard to the group‐mean latencies of the analyzed P100 wave between the control group and the four studied groups revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.0001). There were also statistically significant differences in the mean P100 latency between DS group and CM and PM groups (p<0.0001). Evaluation of the mean latencies in three groups (CM, MM and PM) did not reveal statistically significant differences (p>0.05).Conclusion The results show the differences in mean latency of P100 wave between normal subjects and children with pathological disorders. In children with Down’s syndrome observed abnormalities were smaller than in other 3 groups.
Implementation of Medicare Part D and statin use among the elderly population with diabetes
Authors: Vaidya Varun , Blazejewski Lucas , Pinto Sharrel 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe American Diabetes Association treatment guidelines recommend that patients with diabetes over 40 years of age with one or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease be prescribed statin medication. Despite the guideline, use of statins among elderly patients with diabetes is low. Medicare Part D was implemented in 2006 to increase affordability and access to prescription medications for Medicare enrollees. The main objective of this study was to analyse trend in statin users with diabetes before and after implementation of Part D.MethodsData were obtained from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey for 2004–2008. Patients who were diabetic (ICD-9 code 250) and either elderly (≥65 years) or near elderly (57–64 years) were included in the analysis. Chi-square analysis was used to compare statin users before and after Part D for both the elderly and near-elderly populations. For elderly patients, trends in statin users were analysed for subpopulations based on gender, race/ethnicity, income, education level and perceived health status. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors that predicted use of statin.Key findingsBetween 2004 and 2008 patients who reported using statins increased from 55.05 to 61.25% for the elderly and from 54.99 to 55.89% for the near elderly. The elderly population had a significant increase in the percentage of patients reporting use of statins after the implementation of Part D (P = 0.002). Logistic regression identified post-Part D period (0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–0.94; P = 0.013), female gender (1.28, 95% CI 1.05–1.57; P = 0.013) and African-American race/ethnicity (1.53, 95% CI 1.19–1.96; P &lt; 0.00) as significant predictors of reporting statin use among study population.ConclusionThe study results imply that Part D may have influenced an increase in prescriptions of statins to elderly patients with diabetes. Logistic regression and trend analysis indicate that Part D was unable to reduce disparities in prescriptions for racial and gender subgroups.
Characterization of two polymorphs of lornoxicam
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Tan Xin , Gao Jing , Fan Weiming , Gao Yuan , Qian Shuai 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the study was to prepare and to characterize two polymorphs of lornoxicam, a water-insoluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which has thus far received no exploration of its polymorphs.

Methods
Form I and form II of lornoxicam were prepared by recrystallization and characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The solubility and dissolution of both polymorphs were also determined and compared to provide the basis for polymorph selection in formulation.

Key findings
The crystal structures of the two polymorphs were established by the experimental XRPD patterns. Form I was demonstrated to be triclinic with two kinds of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, while form II was orthorhombic with two kinds of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The morphologies of form I and form II were observed to be rectangle and approximately oval, respectively.

Conclusions
Form II had the significantly higher solubility and dissolution and would be the suitable polymorph for the preparation of oral and injectable dosage forms of lornoxicam.
The Asd
+
-DadB
+
Dual-Plasmid System Offers a Novel Means To Deliver Multiple Protective Antigens by a Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella Vaccine
Authors: Xin Wei , Wanda Soo-Young , Zhang Xiangmin , Santander Javier , Scarpellini Giorgio , Ellis Karen , Alamuri Praveen , Curtiss Roy 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

We developed means to deliver multiple heterologous antigens on dual plasmids with non-antibiotic-resistance markers in a single recombinant attenuated vaccine strain of
Salmonella enterica
serotype Typhimurium. The first component of this delivery system is a strain of
S
. Typhimurium carrying genomic deletions in
alr
,
dadB
, and
asd
, resulting in obligate requirements for diaminopimelic acid (DAP) and
d
-alanine for growth. The second component is the Asd
+
-DadB
+
plasmid pair carrying wild-type copies of
asdA
and
dadB
, respectively, to complement the mutations. To evaluate the protection efficacy of the dual-plasmid vaccine,
S
. Typhimurium strain χ9760 (a strain with multiple attenuating mutations: Δ
asd
Δ
alr
Δ
dadB
Δ
recF
) was transformed with Asd
+
and DadB
+
plasmids specifying pneumococcal antigens PspA and PspC, respectively. Both plasmids were stable in χ9760 for 50 generations when grown in nonselective medium. This was significantly (
P
< 0.05) greater than the stability seen in its
recF
+
counterpart χ9590 and could be attributed to reduced interplasmid recombination in χ9760. Oral immunization of BALB/c mice with 1 × 10
9
CFU of χ9760 (carrying Asd
+
-PspA and DadB
+
-PspC plasmids) elicited a dominant Th1-type serum IgG response against both antigens and protected mice against intraperitoneal challenge with 200 50% lethal doses (LD
50
s) of virulent
Streptococcus pneumoniae
strain WU2 or intravenous challenge with 100 LD
50
s of virulent
S. pneumoniae
strain L81905 or intranasal challenge with a lethal dose of
S. pneumoniae
A66.1 in a pneumonia model. Protection offered by χ9760 was superior to that offered by the mixture of two strains, χ9828 (Asd
+
-PspA) and χ11026 (DadB
+
-PspC). This novel dual-plasmid system marks a remarkable improvement in the development of live bacterial vaccines.
A COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF BORDER ADJUSTMENTS UNDER THE CAP-AND-TRADE SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY OF THE JAPANESE ECONOMY
Authors: TAKEDA SHIRO , TETSUYA HORIE , ARIMURA TOSHI H. 
Published: August 2012

Using a multi-region and multi-sector computable general equilibrium model, this paper evaluates the border adjustment policies of carbon regulations in Japan. We consider five types of border adjustments and examine their effects on the welfare, carbon leakage, and competitiveness of the Japanese energy-intensive trade-exposed (EITE) sectors.Our analysis shows that no single border adjustment policy is superior to the other policies in terms of simultaneously solving three primary issues: Welfare degradation, carbon leakage, and a loss of competitiveness in the EITE sectors. In addition, we show that export border adjustments are effective at restoring the competitiveness of Japanese exporters and reducing leakage. Our analysis also reveals that border adjustment in Japan significantly affects carbon leakage to China and the competitiveness of the iron and steel sectors. Finally, we show that border adjustments with and without consideration of indirect emissions have similar impacts, which indicates that the information regarding direct emissions is sufficient for implementing border adjustment in Japan.
Controls on improved sub-salt reservoir imaging at the giant Karachaganak Field, Kazakhstan
Authors: Eales Martin , Daley Timothy , Morosini Michele , Marples Timothy , Sim Lee King 
Published: August 2012

In western Kazakhstan there are several world class hydrocarbon fields, including the onshore Karachaganak Field. The geological setting is very challenging for the seismic imaging techniques where deep carbonate platform targets underlie a complex overburden including diapiric and detached salt structures. Furthermore, the extensive oil field infrastructure generates a noisy environment for seismic acquisition and reduced access for vibroseis trucks.
KPO conducted an extensive integrated feasibility study for a new survey, complemented by a seismic acquisition test in 2008 which confirmed the need for dense source and receiver coverage, long offsets and wide azimuths to optimize imaging of the pre-salt targets. The survey was acquired in 2009 and survey execution exceeded local and international standards. It was the highest channel survey acquired in Kazakhstan and when fully depth image processed it will yield a high spatially sampled seismic volume, with improved resolution and structural definition. The application of the latest technology and techniques will enable better characterization of this complex carbonate reservoir, adding future value by better placement of wells and reducing overall costs for the ongoing development of the field.
Continuous deep microseismic monitoring of the Karachaganak Field, Kazakhstan: integrating reservoir geoscience, drilling and engineering
Authors: Morosini M. , Daley T. , Eales M. , Boivineau A. S. , Nicou C. , Jupe A. 
Published: August 2012

The Karachaganak Field is an oil and gas condensate supergiant field located in the western Kazakhstan Pricaspian Basin. As part of the challenge to improve reservoir knowledge, KPO has been continuously monitoring the reservoir using a microseismic array deployed downhole since February 2009. Continuous deep recording of microseismic activity is an innovative technique for reservoir monitoring; progressive refinements were made to fine-tune the acquisition and processing techniques. By December 2010, 8074 events had been detected and, from this group, 2556 events have been located. Events within the reservoir were recorded up to 8 km from the array to a depth of 5 km with moment magnitudes (Mw) ranging from −2.4 to +1. Microseismic events are continuously located and their spatial and temporal distribution analysed. This basic analysis is the input to an integrated study that considers the static model for the reservoir, in addition to dynamic and operational aspects such as production and injection rates, pressure baffles, drilling behaviour and casing perforations. The results to date indicate valuable reservoir information concerning the location of lateral and vertical reservoir pressure baffles and delineation of zones of instability at the reservoir–seal interface, important for well integrity issues. This new information is helping to improve dynamic and geomechanical reservoir models and also wellbore stability predictions.
This article presents the details of the Karachaganak microseismic array and how microseismic events were located. Discussion follows on the interpretation and the possible impact on reservoir monitoring and drilling. The Karachaganak array is one of the deepest installations of a passive microseismic monitoring system and also represents one of the longer periods of continuous monitoring, with two years of data available.
Appraisal of reservoir compartmentalization using fluid mixing time-scales: Horn Mountain Field, Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Go Jason , Smalley P. Craig , Muggeridge Ann 
Published: August 2012

Reservoir compartmentalization can seriously compromise a project’s economics if left undetected during appraisal. Its early identification is made more likely if maximum use is made of available fluid appraisal data. This involves making a critical comparison of time-scales for various fluid properties to equilibrate compared with the actual time since those properties were initially disturbed. Spatially varying fluid properties indicate compartmentalization if they have existed for longer than the time needed for them to equilibrate.
Here we use data from appraisal wells and reservoir mixing time-scales to investigate vertical and horizontal compartmentalization in the Horn Mountain Field (Gulf of Mexico) and to quantify the properties of the baffles/barriers identified. We compare our results with earlier work using time-lapse geochemistry and mud gas isotope logging. Present fluid compositional variations in the field are shown not to be diagnostic of horizontal compartmentalization as the mixing time-scales by molecular diffusion are longer than the time since the reservoir filled. In contrast, pressure shifts and density differences are diagnostic. They indicate that faults within the Horn Mountain Field are relatively impermeable and would act as barriers during oil production. They also confirm that a shale-filled channel acts as a barrier to vertical flow.
Discovery of complex behaviors through contact-invariant optimization
Authors: Mordatch Igor , Todorov Emanuel , Popović Zoran 
Published: August 2012

We present a motion synthesis framework capable of producing a wide variety of important human behaviors that have rarely been studied, including getting up from the ground, crawling, climbing, moving heavy objects, acrobatics (hand-stands in particular), and various cooperative actions involving two characters and their manipulation of the environment. Our framework is not specific to humans, but applies to characters of arbitrary morphology and limb configuration. The approach is fully automatic and does not require domain knowledge specific to each behavior. It also does not require pre-existing examples or motion capture data.
At the core of our framework is the contact-invariant optimization (CIO) method we introduce here. It enables simultaneous optimization of contact and behavior. This is done by augmenting the search space with scalar variables that indicate whether a potential contact should be active in a given phase of the movement. These auxiliary variables affect not only the cost function but also the dynamics (by enabling and disabling contact forces), and are optimized together with the movement trajectory. Additional innovations include a continuation scheme allowing helper forces at the potential contacts rather than the torso, as well as a feature-based model of physics which is particularly well-suited to the CIO framework. We expect that CIO can also be used with a full physics model, but leave that extension for future work.
Structure-aware synthesis for predictive woven fabric appearance
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Jakob Wenzel , Marschner Steve , Bala Kavita 
Published: August 2012

Woven fabrics have a wide range of appearance determined by their small-scale 3D structure. Accurately modeling this structural detail can produce highly realistic renderings of fabrics and is critical for predictive rendering of fabric appearance. But building these yarn-level volumetric models is challenging. Procedural techniques are manually intensive, and fail to capture the naturally arising irregularities which contribute significantly to the overall appearance of cloth. Techniques that acquire the detailed 3D structure of real fabric samples are constrained only to model the scanned samples and cannot represent different fabric designs.
This paper presents a new approach to creating volumetric models of woven cloth, which starts with user-specified fabric designs and produces models that correctly capture the yarn-level structural details of cloth. We create a small database of volumetric exemplars by scanning fabric samples with simple weave structures. To build an output model, our method synthesizes a new volume by copying data from the exemplars at each yarn crossing to match a weave pattern that specifies the desired output structure. Our results demonstrate that our approach generalizes well to complex designs and can produce highly realistic results at both large and small scales.
Reading Aloud Activity in L2 and Cerebral Activation
Authors: Takeuchi Osamu , Ikeda Maiko , Mizumoto Atsushi 
Published: August 2012

This article explores the cerebral mechanism of reading aloud activities in L2 learners. These activities have been widely used in L2 learning and teaching, and its effect has been reported in various Asian L2 learning contexts. However, the reasons for its effectiveness have not been examined. In order to fill in this gap, two studies using a brain-imaging technique, near-infrared spectroscopy, were conducted in order to determine a cerebral basis for the effectiveness of reading aloud activities. Study 1 investigated learners with high L2 proficiency to show the difference in cerebral activation between L2 and L1 learners as they read a passage aloud. The effect of material difficulty was also examined in this study. Study 2 then examined learners with both high and low L2 proficiency to show the effect of material difficulty vis-à-vis the learners’ L2 proficiency. The effect of repeated reading aloud activities was also investigated in this study. These studies show that: Reading aloud in L2 results in a higher degree of cerebral activation than reading aloud in L1. Reading material beyond learners’ L2 ability aloud results in low brain activation. Repetition of the same normal reading aloud activity in L2 does not necessarily increase (or decrease) the level of cerebral activation. However, including a repetitive cognitively demanding reading aloud activity does cause high brain activation. On the basis of these findings, this article provides a cerebral basis for the effectiveness of reading aloud activities in L2 learning.
Statistical summability "Equation missing" and a Korovkin type approximation theorem
Authors: Mohiuddine Syed Abdul , Alotaibi Abdullah , Mursaleen Mohammad 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The concept of statistical summability

(
C
,
1
)

has recently been introduced by Móricz [Jour. Math. Anal. Appl. 275, 277-287 (2002)]. In this paper, we use this notion of summability to prove the Korovkin type approximation theorem by using the test functions 1,

e

−
x

,

e

−
2
x

. We also give here the rate of statistical summability

(
C
,
1
)

and apply the classical Baskakov operator to construct an example in support of our main result.

MSC:41A10, 41A25, 41A36, 40A30, 40G15.
Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of the additive-quadratic mappings in non-Archimedean Banach spaces
Authors: Park C , Azadi Kenary H , Rassias TM 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Using the fixed point and direct methods, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the following additive-quadratic functional equation in non-Archimedean normed spaces

r

[
f

(

x
+
y
+
z

s

)

+
f

(

x
−
y
+
z

s

)

+
f

(

x
+
y
−
z

s

)

+
f

(

−
x
+
y
+
z

s

)

]

=
γ
f
(
x
)
+
γ
f
(
y
)
+
γ
f
(
z
)
,

where r, s, γ are positive real numbers.

MSC:39B55, 46S10.