bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in forearm position and environmental temperature influences the segmental volume expansion during venous occlusion plethysmography – special attention on hand circulation
Authors: Vedung Torbjörn , Jorfeldt Lennart , Henriksson Jan 
Published: June 2009

SummaryAim:  To find evidence that small changes in the positioning of the strain gauge, the environmental temperature (sympathetic activation) and position of the arm (venous pressure) alters the outcome of the venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) measurement of forearm blood flow and to investigate if the hand circulation influences the results.Methods:  Forearm blood flow was measured with VOP (n = 6) on three occasions with air temperatures of 13, 20 and 38°C, respectively. At each occasion the arm position was varied; raised by 10°, horizontal or lowered by 15°. Strain gauges were placed on the forearm at the maximal circumference; 5 cm distal; and 5 cm proximal to this site, respectively. The hand circulation was excluded in half of the measurements.Results:  The simple main effect of temperature was highly significant (P<0·001). With excluded hand circulation (but not when included), there was a two factor interaction between arm position – strain gauge position (P<0·05). The highest expansion rate was found in the proximal segment when the arm was elevated, but in the distal segment when the arm was lowered. With hand circulation (but not without) there was a two factor interaction between temperature and strain gauge position (P<0·01). The highest expansion rate was found in the distal segment at normal and high temperatures, but in the proximal segment at low temperature.Conclusion:  The volume expansion rate in a particular segment is dependent not only on arterial inflow. Segmental differences in capacity for venous expansion results in redistribution of blood to and from a segment, thus influencing the results obtained.
HOW DO MANAGERS BEHAVE IN STOCK OPTION PLANS? CLINICAL EVIDENCE FROM EXERCISE AND SURVEY DATA
Authors: Sautner Zacharias , Weber Martin 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe use unique case study data to analyze the behavior of top managers in an executive stock option plan. We gather questionnaire data on the managers' traits and combine it with exercise data. Managers in our sample expect low volatilities (compared to historical estimates) and are well diversified and modestly risk averse. This implies that the value–cost wedge of options can be smaller than usually assumed. The exercise decisions vary with expected volatility, managerial wealth, and mental accounting. Managers expecting lower volatility exercise earlier. This result is consistent with the predictions of expected utility models using our managers' survey parameters.
WHY MOST FIRMS CHOOSE LINEAR HEDGING STRATEGIES
Authors: Frestad Dennis 
Published: June 2009

AbstractI investigate the efficiency of alternative hedging strategies of nonfinancial firms facing hedgeable price risk, unhedgeable quantity risk, and financial contracting costs in low‐profit events. The analysis suggests that variance‐minimizing hedging strategies are very close in economic terms to optimal, value‐maximizing hedging strategies for most firms. Furthermore, the marginal gains from shifting to nonlinear hedging strategies are often small enough to be neglected. These results illuminate some puzzling findings in survey studies of firms’ hedging practices and suggest an alternative view on firms’ selective hedging practices termed “cautious selective hedging.”
The biological effects of topical alginate treatment in an animal model of skin wound healing
Authors: Lee Woo‐Ram , Park Ji‐Hyun , Kim Kyung‐Hyun , Kim Soo‐Jung , Park Dae‐Hwan , Chae Mi‐Hyun , Suh Soong‐Hyuck , Jeong Seung‐Won , Park Kwan‐Kyu 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTWound healing is a dynamic and complex process of tissue repair that involves a number of cellular and molecular events. It proceeds from inflammatory response to reepithelialization and finally to formation of a permanent scar. Alginate is a polymer of guluronic and mannuronic acid that is used as a scaffolding material in biomedical applications. For the purpose of studying wound healing, full‐thickness skin defects were produced on the dorsal area in rats. We measured the relative sizes of the wounds on days 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28. The wound sizes were decreased in the alginate‐treated group compared with the control group and the vaseline‐treated group. The expressions of transforming growth factor‐β1, fibronectin, and vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly decreased in the alginate‐treated group compared with the control group, while the expression of collagen‐I was increased in the alginate‐treated group, as indicated by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. These data suggest that alginate has significant wound healing promoting activity. The results from the present study indicate that the effect of alginate on wound healing may involve biological mechanisms associated with the expression of transforming growth factor‐β1, fibronectin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and collagen‐I.
Endogenous and Exogenous Vasopressin during Hemodialysis
Authors: Thompson Aliza M. , Oliver Juan A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIntradialytic hypotension likely results from hypovolemia as well as patient and dialysis‐specific factors. An impaired vasoconstrictive response to volume loss during hemodialysis has been demonstrated and increasing evidence suggests that deficiency in the hormone arginine vasopressin may be a contributing factor. Although vasopressin is widely recognized for its role in the regulation of serum osmolality, vasopressin is also an important regulator of blood pressure in health and in various disease states. That vasopressin deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of intradialytic hypotension is suggested by several observations. First, vasopressin levels typically fall during hemodialysis when a rise might be expected as a result of volume loss. Second, therapies that prevent a fall in osmolality during dialysis, including dialysis against a high sodium bath and isolated ultrafiltration, have been shown to improve intradialytic blood pressure stability. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the administration of low‐dose exogenous vasopressin during dialysis has been shown to support blood pressure and improve volume removal. Further research is needed to determine the effect of chronic vasopressin (or selective V1a agonist) administration during dialysis on volume removal, inter‐ and intradialytic blood pressure control, and, ultimately, clinical outcomes in end‐stage renal disease patients on dialysis.
A young woman with visual hallucinations, delusions of persecution and a history of performing arson with possible three‐generation Fahr disease
Authors: Shirahama M. , Akiyoshi J. , Ishitobi Y. , Tanaka Y. , Tsuru J. , Matsushita H. , Hanada H. , Kodama K. 
Published: June 2009

Objective:  Fahr disease (FD) is a rare neurological and psychiatric disorder. The disease is classified by intracranial calcification of the basal ganglia with the globus pallidus region being particularly affected. We examined a young woman with visual hallucinations, delusions of persecution and a history of performing arson with possible third‐generation FD.Method:  Case report of third‐generation FD.Results:  A 23‐year‐old woman was arrested for two arsons: i) The patient exhibited progressive psychotic symptoms, including visual hallucinations, delusion of injury, irritability, lability of mood, mental retardation and visual disorders and ii) Computed tomography (CT) imaging demonstrated bilateral calcifications of the basal ganglia (globus pallidus) in the patient, her mother and her grandmother.Conclusion:  We found a family with a three‐generation history of FD who exhibited calcification in the brain and mental retardation. Compared to her mother, the patient described here displayed anticipation of disease onset.
Two new unstable haemoglobins leading to chronic haemolytic anaemia: Hb Caruaru [β122 (GH5) Phe→Ser], a probable case of germ line mutation, and Hb Olinda [β22 (B4) ‐ 25 (B7)], a deletion of a 12 base‐pair sequence
Authors: Bezerra Marcos A. C. , Albuquerque Dulcinéia M. , Santos Magnun N. N. , Kimura Elza M. , Jorge Susan E. D. C. , Oliveira Denise M. , Domingues Betânia L. T. B. , Peres Jaqueline C. , Araújo Aderson S. , Costa Fernando F. , Sonati Maria F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe describe here two new unstable β‐globin variants, Hb Caruaru and Hb Olinda, found in northeastern Brazil, both associated with chronic haemolytic anaemia. Haemoglobin Caruaru is caused by a single base substitution at codon 122 (TTC→TCC), possibly originating from the germ line cells of the patient’s grandmother. Haemoglobin Olinda is also a de novo mutation, caused by a 12 bp deletion leading to the removal of the 22nd to the 25th residues of the normal β‐globin chain.
Skin–textile friction and skin elasticity in young and aged persons
Authors: Gerhardt L.‐C. , Lenz A. , Spencer N. D. , Münzer T. , Derler S. 
Published: June 2009

Background/purpose: The mechanical properties of human skin are known to change with ageing, rendering skin less resistant to friction and shear forces, as well as more vulnerable to wounds. Until now, only few and contradictory results on the age‐dependent friction properties of skin have been reported. This study has investigated in detail the influence of age on the friction of human skin against textiles.Methods: In vivo skin‐friction measurements on a force plate were combined with skin analyses concerning elasticity, hydration, pH value and sebum content. Thirty‐two young and 28 aged persons rubbed their volar forearm in a reciprocating motion against various textiles on the force plate, using defined normal loads and sliding velocities, representing clinically relevant contact conditions.Results: Mean friction coefficients ranged from 0.30 ± 0.04 (polytetrafluoroethylene) to 0.43 ± 0.04 (cotton/polyester). No significant differences in the friction properties of skin were found between the age groups despite skin elasticity being significantly lower in the aged persons. Skin hydration was significantly higher in the elderly, whereas no significant differences were observed in either skin pH value or sebum content.Conclusion: Adhesion is usually assumed to be the dominant factor in skin friction, but our observations imply that deformation is also an important factor in the friction of aged skin. In the elderly, lower skin elasticity and skin turgor are associated with more pronounced skin tissue displacements and greater shear forces during frictional contact, emphasizing the importance of friction reduction in wound‐prevention programmes.
Protective effects of green tea extracts on photoaging and photommunosuppression
Authors: Li Yuan‐Hong , Wu Yan , Wei Hua‐Chen , Xu Yuan‐Yuan , Jia Li‐Li , Chen Jing , Yang Xue‐Song , Dong Guang‐Hui , Gao Xing‐Hua , Chen Hong‐Duo 
Published: June 2009

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether the sunscreen‐containing 2–5% green tea extracts (GTEs) protect ultraviolet irradiation (UVR)‐induced photoaging and photoimmunosuppression.Materials and methods: Twenty volunteers were exposed to repetitive solar‐simulated UVR (ssUVR) on the upper back at a dosage of 1.5 minimal erythema doses (MED) per day for four consecutive days. Thirty minutes before each UVR and 6, 24, and 48 h after the last UV exposure, the products containing vehicle, and 2–5% GTEs were applied onto five sites on the dorsal skin, respectively. The skin biopsies were obtained 72 h after the last UVR. The thickness of the stratum corneum and epidermis was measured under the microscope and the expression of cytokeratins (CK)‐5/6, CK16, metalloproteinases (MMP)‐2, MMP‐9, and the CD1a+ Langerhans cells (LCs) were determined using immunohistochemistry.Results: Our results showed that UVR substantially induced cutaneous erythema, thickening of the epidermis, overexpression of CK5/6, CK16, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and depletion of CD1a+ LCs. The sunscreens containing different concentrations of GTEs conferred significant protection against the photoaging and photoimmunology‐related biological events. Interestingly, the protective effects were not parallel to the concentrations of GTEs, with 2% and 3% GTEs showing the most efficacious photoprotection.Conclusions: GTEs‐containing sunscreens have potential photoprotective effects on UVR‐induced photoaging and photoimmunosuppression.
A novel approach to controlling bacterial contamination on toothbrushes: chlorhexidine coating
Authors: Turner LA , McCombs GB , Hynes WL , Tolle SL 
Published: June 2009

Abstract:  Purpose:  This project was conducted to determine the effectiveness of chlorhexidine‐coated toothbrush filaments in reducing quantities of bacteria.Materials and methods:  An Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved, two‐group, double‐blind, randomized, post‐test only study was conducted. Sixty‐four individuals utilized control and experimental toothbrushes, for 30 days. At the end of the study toothbrushes were returned and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Microorganisms were detached from the filaments by sonification and vortexing then plated on Mitis Salivarius (MS) (selective) and trypticase soy agar (TSA) 5% Sheep Blood (non‐selective) media. Inoculated plates were incubated aerobically for 24 h at 37°C. After incubation, bacterial colony‐forming units (CFU) were determined. Data were analysed using Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis tests.Results:  Fifty‐nine toothbrushes were returned for analysis; experimental (n = 31) and control (n = 28). Data from TSA media revealed a mean CFU for the control group of 5.41 × 105 compared with 6.28 × 105 for the experimental group. Data from MS agar resulted in a mean CFU for the control group of 4.32 × 105 compared with 4.20 × 105 for the experimental group.Conclusion:  Results revealed no statistically significant difference in the quantity of bacteria surviving on toothbrush filaments between control and experimental groups, on both selective and non‐selective media, after 30 days.
Prevalence and correlates of musculoskeletal disorders among Australian dental hygiene students
Authors: Hayes MJ , Smith DR , Cockrell D 
Published: June 2009

Abstract:  Introduction:  Although musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) have been identified as a significant occupational health issue for dental hygienists, few studies have explored this problem among the dental hygiene student population.Aim:  The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and correlates of MSD among a selection of undergraduate dental hygiene students in Australia.Methodology:  A self‐reporting questionnaire was distributed to dental hygiene students at an Australian university during 2008, from which a response rate of approximately 72% was achieved.Results:  Musculoskeletal disorders were most commonly reported by students at the neck (64.29%), lower back (57.94%) and shoulder (48.41%) regions. Logistic regression indicated various correlations with MSD. Students who did not undertake regular exercise every week experienced an increased risk of lower back pain [Odds Ratio (OR): 4.88, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.75–14.9]. Students undertaking 16–20 h of desk‐based study per week were much more likely to report neck pain (OR: 19.7, 95% CI: 1.34–378.94). Working 6–10 h on a computer each week was a risk factor for shoulder (OR: 7.03, 95% CI: 1.42–39.49) and upper back pain (OR: 5.29, 95% CI: 1.21–25.56).Conclusions:  Overall, this study suggests that MSD are a reasonably common problem for dental hygiene students in Australia. As such, further studies are required to establish epidemiological patterns of MSD, and our profession will need to carefully consider preventive strategies to help minimize the impact of this important occupational health issue on the next generation of dental hygienists.
Tooth sensitivity experience among residential university students
Authors: Bamise CT , Kolawole KA , Oloyede EO , Esan TA 
Published: June 2009

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene  DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2009.00385.x Bamise CT, Kolawole KA, Oloyede EO, Esan TA. Tooth sensitivity experience among residential university studentsAbstract:  Objectives:  The aim of this study was to assess the experience of residential University students about ‘sensitive teeth’.Subject and methods:  Self‐administered questionnaires were given randomly to students in all the residential hostels located in the University campus. Data on presence of sensitive teeth, initiating stimulus and duration of each episode of discomfort were elicited. History of common aetiological factors of tooth sensitivity was also taken.Results:  One thousand and nineteen responses (650 males; 369 females) were analysed in this study. Approximately 697 (68.4%) volunteers claimed to have sensitive teeth. Majority described their discomfort as sharp pain, cold as the initiating stimulus and drinking was mostly interfered with. Tooth sensitivity was found to be common among hard toothbrush users. Multiple regression analysis showed that hard toothbrush had a significant association with tooth sensitivity. Other common aetiological factors, such as history of gastric acid reflux, vomiting, soft drinks and the use of vitamin C were found to have a weak association with tooth sensitivity.Conclusion: Prevalence of tooth sensitivity was 68.4%. Presence of tooth sensitivity among these students was associated more with history of hard toothbrush use contrary to widely held belief that erosive agents were mostly responsible. Future studies are needed to provide more epidemiological data on tooth brushing and tooth sensitivity.
Prospective clinical study evaluating the long‐time adjunctive use of chlorhexidine after one‐stage full‐mouth SRP
Authors: Stratul S‐I , Rusu D , Didilescu A , Mesaros‐Anghel M , Lala C , Tion L , Sculean A , Jentsch H 
Published: June 2009

Abstract:  Objectives:  Scaling and root planing are the causal procedure in the treatment of periodontitis. Many attempts have been made to improve the outcome. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the extended use of chlorhexidine after one‐stage full‐mouth (FM) SRP in patients with chronic periodontitis on the clinical outcome after 3 months.Methods:  Eighty‐one patients with pockets ≥5 mm were treated by FM. All patients rinsed additionally with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) twice daily over 3 months. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and after 1 and 3 months.Results:  In the test group, all variables were significantly improved after 1 and 3 months. Mean reduction of PD and CAL gain was 2.25 ± 1.08 and 1.67 ± 1.08 after 1 and 2.99 ± 1.11 and 2.33 ± 1.31 after 3 months respectively.Conclusions:  Over 3 months of extended use of CHX mouth rinse after SRP showed slightly but statistically significant better results.
Oral health education for schoolchildren: a qualitative study of dental care professionals’ view of knowledge and learning
Authors: Hedman E , Ringberg K , Gabre P 
Published: June 2009

Abstract:  Aim:  The aim of the study was to describe and interpret dental professionals’ view of knowledge, learning, health promotion and their expectations of and attitudes to the response from schoolchildren.Methods:  A qualitative study design was used with discourse method. Nine dental hygienists and dental nurses, who have practised oral health education among schoolchildren, described their work in tape‐recorded, semi‐structured interviews. The discourse method stresses the variation and distinctions in the statements, and to understand the content of the text, its contextual dependence must be taken into account.Results:  The preventive discourse could be found in all interviews, but it was concentrated on disease prevention and less on maintaining health. The biomedical view of knowledge dominated. Children’s and parent’s own responsibility for healthy habits was stressed, but no reflection of ethical considerations associated with influencing people’s life‐style was found. The text revealed discrepancy between the informants, and even within the same individual, showing ambivalence towards oral health education. Some individuals suggested lessons guided by communication with the children, while others wanted to maintain methods based on information about oral diseases to a greater extent.Conclusions:  Different perspectives were found. The expression ‘oral health promotion’ was frequently used and supported by all the interviewed informants, but the statements did not reveal the informant’s definition of the concept. Several educators focused on signs of diseases and less on the individual’s view of their own health. In the future, oral health education programme needs to focus on quality of life, behavioural variables and indicators of empowerment rather than just disease outcomes.
Early nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation versus continuous positive airway pressure for respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Sai Sunil Kishore M , Dutta Sourabh , Kumar Praveen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim:  To determine whether early nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), in comparison to early continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), can reduce the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation in preterm neonates with suspected respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Methods:  In this stratified open‐label randomized controlled trial, neonates (28–34 weeks gestation) with respiratory distress within 6 h of birth and Downe's score ≥ 4 were eligible. Subjects were randomly allocated to ‘early‐NIPPV’ or ‘early‐CPAP’ after stratifying for gestation (28–30 weeks, 31–34 weeks) and surfactant use. Primary outcome was failure of the allocated mode within 48 h.Results:  Seventy‐six neonates were enrolled (37 in ‘early‐NIPPV’ and 39 in ‘early‐CPAP’ groups). Failure rate was less with ‘early‐NIPPV’ versus ‘early‐CPAP’[13.5% vs. 35.9%, respectively, RR 0.38 (95% CI 0.15–0.89), p = 0.024]. Similarly, need for intubation and mechanical ventilation by 7 days (18.9% vs. 41%, p = 0.036) was less with NIPPV. Failure rate with NIPPV was less in the subgroups of subjects born at 28–30 weeks (p = 0.023) and who did not receive surfactant (p = 0.018).Conclusion:  Among preterm infants with suspected RDS, early use of NIPPV reduces the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation compared to CPAP.