bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Imaging Analysis System to Measure the Spatial Dimension of Engineered Tissue Construct
Authors: Choi Kyoung‐Hwan , Yoo Byung‐Su , Park So Ra , Choi Byung Hyune , Min Byoung‐Hyun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe measurement of the spatial dimensions of tissue‐engineered constructs is very important for their clinical applications. In this study, a novel method to measure the volume of tissue‐engineered constructs was developed using iterative mathematical computations. The method measures and analyzes three‐dimensional (3D) parameters of a construct to estimate its actual volume using a sequence of software‐based mathematical algorithms. The mathematical algorithm is composed of two stages: the shape extraction and the determination of volume. The shape extraction utilized 3D images of a construct: length, width, and thickness, captured by a high‐quality camera with charge coupled device. The surface of the 3D images was then divided into fine sections. The area of each section was measured and combined to obtain the total surface area. The 3D volume of the target construct was then mathematically obtained using its total surface area and thickness. The accuracy of the measurement method was verified by comparing the results with those obtained from the hydrostatic weighing method (Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science [KRISS], Korea). The mean difference in volume between two methods was 0.0313 ± 0.0003% (n = 5, P = 0.523) with no significant statistical difference. In conclusion, our image‐based spatial measurement system is a reliable and easy method to obtain an accurate 3D volume of a tissue‐engineered construct.
Teaching Industrial Ecology at Dalian University of Technology
Authors: Geng Yong , Mitchell Bruce , Zhu Qinghua 
Published: November 2009

SummaryWith increasing resource depletion and environmental issues in China, it is both desirable and practical to promote industrial ecology (IE) education. While industrial ecology education in China is still in its infancy, we believe it can be improved through systematic review of specific experiences. We outline and assess the experience with teaching of industrial ecology at the Dalian University of Technology (DUT) in northeastern China. We first provide an overview related to industrial ecology education in China and then present a detailed description of eight teaching modules focused on industrial ecology at DUT: history and evolution of IE, cleaner production, life cycle management, design for environment, integrated waste management, industrial symbiosis and eco‐industrial parks, circular economy, and sustainable consumption. Particular attention is given to teaching methodology. All lectures and discussions are in English; written assignments and verbal presentations in English are required, as is a final research paper and extensive use of Chinese and international case studies. Overall pedagogy emphasizes active learning and critical reflection. The grading system relies on individual written assignments, an oral presentation, participation, and a research paper. Challenges encountered include the difficulties for some students due to their limited competency in the English language, facilitating students to shift from passive to active learning, and attracting management students to the course. Postcourse evaluations indicated that the students’ understanding of industrial ecology increased.
The Grassroots Are Greener: Democratic Participation and Environmental Policies in State Politics
Authors: Dell Kyle D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAmerican environmental legislation cannot be fully explained under traditional interest‐group theory, which emphasizes the success of well‐financed, organized interests. One alternative explanation holds that the American public accepts a new environmental ethos that is protective of the natural world and human health. This study examines 100 years of state‐level ballot questions on environmental policy and empirically establishes the emergence and persistence of this new environmental ethos as well as the changing nature of American support for environmental policy. This ethos emerges in 40 years, environmental policy making of this type has been increasingly citizen‐led, inclusive of a wider variety of environmental problems, while embracing a greater range of policy solutions including those premised on more radical notions of humanity?s relationship with the natural world.
Engineering an Artful and Ethical Solution to the Problem of Global Warming
Authors: Ralston Shane J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe idea of geoengineering, or the intentional modification of the Earth's atmosphere to reverse the global warming trend, has entered a working theory stage, finding expression in a variety of proposed projects, such as launching reflective materials into the Earth's atmosphere, positioning sunshades over the planet's surface, depositing iron filings into the oceans to encourage phytoplankton blooms, and planting more trees, to name only a few. However, geoengineering might not be as promising a solution to the problem of global warming as its advocates claim. Many scientists, policy makers, and ethicists still dismiss the option as infeasible and too risky given the immense scale at which most geoengineering projects must be instituted and the catastrophic consequences that could, in all likelihood, result. The thesis of this article is that geoengineering should not be so easily dismissed in policy debates concerning how to mitigate the anthropogenic emissions of global greenhouse gases. My plan is to investigate the desirability of the geoengineering option for addressing global climate change in terms of its capacity to overcome collective action issues, to accommodate ethical norms, and to provide an artful, or creative, response to the problem. In the first section, a general picture of the global warming problem and the particulars of some proposed geoengineering projects are laid out. The second section frames the issue as a collective action problem that demands an innovative approach to coordinating individual and group action. In the third section, I reveal six ethical quandaries that emerge in global climate change debates and how they complicate any attempts to ameliorate or resolve the problem. The penultimate section shows how the ideas and activism of two twentieth‐century titans in philosophy and ecology—John Dewey and Aldo Leopold, respectively—might be combined to address the problem of global warming through artful inquiry and the adoption of an Earth ethic. Finally, I conclude by arguing that a fundamental shift in perspective must occur if we are to take intentional climate change seriously as a possible, even if a second‐best, tool in the environmentalist's tool kit.
Science and Technology for Economic Growth. New Insights from when the Data Contradicts Desktop Models1
Authors: Petrescu Adrian S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractScience and technology policy initiatives in the early 1980s have focused in both the United States and Western Europe on improving capacity to apply a good science base in practice, expecting increases in technological advancement, improved market presence and enhanced economic growth. Results varied broadly in the United States and Europe. Even more puzzling, Japan charged ahead in technological advancement without that strong of a science base of its own. Some industrialized economies do not conform to the expected science–technology relationship, whereby strong performance in science shall lead to strong technological performance. The puzzling science–technology relationship in advanced countries has plausible explanations. (1) Science–technology relationship is much interdependent or symbiotic. Its strength and primary direction at a given time varies largely by field of science or technological innovation and across long periods of time. (2) Science–technology link in a country may depend on the overall scientific and technological level of development in that country. The strength and interdependent nature of this link evolves historically and varies across fields of science and technology. The strength of the link is affected by scientific and technological specialization in a country. Different technological fields have different scientific intensities, or degrees of building upon the science base. (3) Specialization of countries across scientific and technological fields varies. Hence, the strength of science–technology link differs between countries. High technological specialization of a country may impact its technological performance more than its immediately current scientific performance does. History, tradition and knowledge transfers may affect more returns on R&D expenditures than the actual value of R&D funds spent in science or technology. Explanations of puzzling behavior of science–technology link may become policy recommendations.
Suppression of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella, with an attract‐and‐kill formulation
Authors: Stelinski Lukasz L. , Czokajlo D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is a worldwide pest of citrus crops and is responsible for proliferation of citrus bacterial canker, Xanthomonas axonopodis (Hasse) pv. citri (Gamma Proteobacteria: Xanthomonadaceae). We developed and evaluated an attracticide formulation, termed MalEx, for control of P. citrella. MalEx is a viscous paste with UV‐protective properties that is dispensed as 50‐μl droplets using custom‐made calibrated pumps. A formulation containing 0.016%P. citrella pheromone [3:1 blend of (Z,Z,E)‐7,11,13‐hexadecatrienal and (Z,Z)‐7,11‐hexadecadienal] and 6% permethrin was found to suppress male response to pheromone in the field better than formulations containing 10× less pheromone. Although formulations without permethrin showed some suppression of male activity because of mating disruption, addition of 6% permethrin to the formulation was required for optimal efficacy. When MalEx, containing 0.016% pheromone and 6% permethrin, was applied at 3 000 point sources ha−1, the application height did not influence efficacy of male P. citrella suppression within mature 4‐m tall citrus trees. Decreasing the rate of MalEx from 3 000 to 1 500 droplets ha−1 reduced efficacy as measured by both male P. citrella activity and larval infestation. Although 4 500 droplets ha−1 did not result in statistically better efficacy than 3 000 droplets ha−1, there was a noticeable trend for higher efficacy as droplet density increased. Continuous treatment of 0.5‐ha blocks of citrus with MalEx over the course of 112 days reduced larval infestation of new flush, as compared with those in untreated control plots, by 3.6–7.2× depending on droplet application density. In laboratory behavioral bioassays, the attractiveness of MalEx droplets to male P. citrella was drastically reduced after 21 days of field aging. However, our laboratory investigation confirmed that 100% of males contacting MalEx droplets, aged up to 35 days in the field, were killed within 24 h. Direct observation of male P. citrella behavior in the field confirmed that attracted males made contact with droplets. Control of P. citrella with MalEx should reduce the number of required broad spectrum sprays for leafminer management in both field and citrus nursery settings.
Characterization of electrical penetration graphs of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, in sweet orange seedlings
Authors: Bonani J. P. , Fereres A. , Garzo E. , Miranda M. P. , Appezzato‐Da‐Gloria B. , Lopes J. R. S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDetailed information on probing behavior of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is critical for understanding the transmission process of phloem‐limited bacteria (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.) associated with citrus ‘huanglongbing’ by this vector. In this study, we investigated stylet penetration activities of D. citri on seedlings of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Pêra (Rutaceae) by using the electrical penetration graph (EPG‐DC system) technique. EPG waveforms were described based on amplitude, frequency, voltage level, and electrical origin of the observed traces during stylet penetration into plant tissues. The main waveforms were correlated with histological observations of salivary sheath termini in plant tissues, to determine the putative location of stylet tips. The behavioral activities were also inferred based on waveform similarities in relation to other Sternorrhyncha, particularly aphids and whiteflies. In addition, we correlated the occurrence of specific waveforms with the acquisition of the phloem‐limited bacterium Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus by D. citri. The occurrence of a G‐like xylem sap ingestion waveform in starved and unstarved psyllids was also compared. By analyzing 8‐h EPGs of adult females, five waveforms were described: (C) salivary sheath secretion and other stylet pathway activities; (D) first contact with phloem (distinct from other waveforms reported for Sternorrhyncha); (E1) putative salivation in phloem sieve tubes; (E2) phloem sap ingestion; and (G) probably xylem sap ingestion. Diaphorina citri initiates a probe with stylet pathway through epidermis and parenchyma (C). Interestingly, no potential drops were observed during the stylet pathway phase, as are usually recorded in aphids and other Sternorrhyncha. Once in C, D. citri shows a higher propensity to return to non‐probing than to start a phloem or xylem phase. Several probes are usually observed before the phloem phase; waveform D is observed upon phloem contact, always immediately followed by E1. After E1, D. citri either returns to pathway activity (C) or starts phloem sap ingestion, which was the longest activity observed.
Variation at the Est3 locus and adaptability to organophosphorous compounds in Zaprionus indianus populations
Authors: Gustavo da Conceição Galego Luís , Marcia Aparecida Carareto Claudia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCarboxylesterases are enzymes often associated with insect resistance to insecticides. The Est3 locus of Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) harbors four alleles that encode carboxylesterases with potentially detoxifying roles. In this study, we propose a model of resistance to insecticides in Z. indianus based on the adaptability of the Est3 locus inferred from the spread of its alleles over 27 generations in experimental populations, and their frequencies in field populations, which were either exposed or unexposed to the organophosphorous insecticide malathion. The increase in the frequency of this allele in experimental populations, and its high prevalence in field populations exposed to organophosphorous insecticides suggest that natural selection favors individuals with the Est3‐3 allele. The low frequency of this allele in unexposed field populations, and the low productivity of Est3‐3 homozygotes indicate that an adaptive cost is associated with this allele. The existence of a marker locus for insecticide resistance in Z. indianus makes it possible to use this species as a bioindicator for monitoring the excessive use of organophosphorous products and the emergence of resistance, and to devise strategies for the management of agricultural pests.
GVHD prophylaxis using low‐dose cyclosporine improves survival in leukaemic recipients of HLA‐identical sibling transplants
Authors: Olsson Richard , Remberger Mats , Hassan Zuzana , Omazic Brigitta , Mattsson Jonas , Ringdén Olle 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGraft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis of short duration (6 months) with low‐dose cyclosporine A (CsA) starting at 1 mg/kg per day i.v. and four doses of methotrexate (MTX) were given to 171 consecutive leukaemic recipients of HLA‐identical sibling transplants. In contrast, apart from MTX, retrospective controls received high‐dose CsA, starting at 5–7.5 mg/kg per day i.v. and discontinued 1 yr post‐transplant. In the low‐dose CsA group, the probability of acute GVHD grades I–II (70% vs. 53%,P < 0.01), and chronic GVHD were increased (58% vs. 25%,P < 0.01), whereas the incidences of acute GVHD grades III–IV (9% vs. 5%,P = 0.62), and non‐relapse mortality (20% vs. 22%,P = 0.58) were similar. Moreover, the probability of relapse was decreased (31% vs. 54%,P < 0.01), and both relapse‐free (56% vs. 38%,P = 0.04) and overall survival (61% vs. 40%,P = 0.04) were markedly improved using the low‐dose CsA regimen. In multivariate analyses, low‐dose CsA was strongly associated with chronic GVHD [relative hazard (RH) 2.56,P < 0.01], which decreased the risk of relapse (RH 0.46,P < 0.01) and improved the probability of survival (RH 1.84,P < 0.01). In conclusion, a low‐dose CsA regimen in leukaemic recipients of HLA‐identical sibling transplants increases the rate of chronic GVHD, which seems to attenuate the risk of relapse, thereby improving patient survival owing to enhanced graft‐versus‐leukaemia effect.
Chromosome 1 abnormalities in myeloid malignancies: a literature survey and karyotype–phenotype associations
Authors: Caramazza Domenica , Hussein Kebede , Siragusa Sergio , Pardanani Animesh , Knudson Ryan A. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChromosome 1 is the largest human chromosome and contains over 1600 known genes and 1000 novel coding sequences or transcripts. It is, therefore, not surprising that recurrent chromosome 1 abnormalities are regularly encountered in both neoplastic and non‐neoplastic medical conditions. The current review is focused on myeloid malignancies where we summarize the relevant published literature and discuss specific karyotype–phenotype associations. We show that chromosome 1 abnormalities are most frequent in BCR‐ABL‐negative classic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN): polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Specific abnormalities include duplications (e.g. 1q12→1q32 in PV, 1q21–32→1q32–44 in post‐PV MF or PMF), deletions (e.g. 1p13–36→pter in PV or PMF, 1q21 in PMF) and unbalanced translocations involving chromosome 6, such as der(6)t(1;6)(q21–25;p21.3–23), and other partner chromosomes involving 1q10/1p11 and 1q21–25 breakpoints. Although occasionally seen in chronic phase MPN, unbalanced 1;7 translocations, e.g. der(1;7)(q10;p10), are usually seen in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and post‐MPN AML/MDS. These observations suggest that certain chromosome 1 regions, especially 1q21–1q32 and 1p11–13, might harbor oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes that are pathogenetically relevant to both chronic and advanced phases of MPN.
Decreased expression of neurofibromin contributes to epithelial–mesenchymal transition in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Arima Yoshimi , Hayashi Hidemi , Kamata Kanako , Goto Takaaki M. , Sasaki Mikako , Kuramochi Akira , Saya Hideyuki 
Published: November 2009

Please cite this paper as: Decreased expression of neurofibromin contributes to epithelial–mesenchymal transition in neurofibromatosis type 1. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e136–e141.Abstract:  Plexiform and/or dermal neurofibromas are nerve sheath tumors of the peripheral nervous system that are usually present in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Neurofibromas arise from Schwann cells with biallelic inactivation of NF1, the gene that encodes neurofibromin. This protein is responsible for regulation of the Ras‐mediated pathway, which has been shown to play a crucial role in epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a biological process that occurs during embryogenesis and wound healing and is involved in pathological processes such as organ fibrosis and cancer metastasis. However, the relationship between neurofibromin and EMT has not been elucidated. We investigated whether the EMT‐related signaling pathway was upregulated in NF1‐associated neurofibromas and Schwann cells by assessing the expression levels of the EMT‐related transcription factors Snail, Slug, Twist, ZEB1 and ZEB2. Immunohistochemical studies and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed an increase in the expression levels of EMT‐related transcription factors in neurofibroma specimens and NF1‐derived Schwann cells (sNF96.2). In addition, the silencing of NF1 by siRNA induced the expression of EMT‐related transcription factors in normal human Schwann cells and in epithelial‐like breast cancer cells. Our findings suggest that the loss of neurofibromin activated the EMT‐related signaling pathway and that the excessive mesenchymal reaction may play a key role in the development of NF1‐associated neurofibromas.
The effect of experimental inhibition of gastric acid secretion on curd formation in abomasum and weight gain of calves
Authors: OKADA Keiji , YAJIMA Kazue , OHBA Takamichi , MIYAZAKI Tamako , ORIHASHI Takenori , SATO Shigeru , YASUDA Jun 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTEight Holstein bull calves were divided into two groups; a non‐treated control group and a famotidine treated group. Fresh milk was fed twice a day. The experiment was conducted between 7 and 14 days of age. During the experimental period the control group was injected with physiological saline, and the famotidine group was injected with famotidine, a histamine‐H2‐receptor blocker, into the jugular vein 30 minutes prior to each feeding. The control group showed maximum curd formation 2 h after feeding at both 7 and 14 days of age. Curd scores of 7‐day‐old and 14‐day‐old calves were significantly lower in the famotidine than in the control group at 2 and 4 h after feeding. Most fecal samples from the famotidine group exhibited an acidic smell. The famotidine group showed significantly lower values for both average weight gain and the rate of weight gain from 7 to 14 days of age. The inhibition of gastric acid secretion decreased curd formation in the abomasum as well as daily weight gain compared to non‐treated control calves. This suggested that curd formation in the abomasum is important for the weight gain of newborn calves.
Implant‐retained thumb prosthesis with anti‐rotational attachment for a geriatric patient
Authors: Goiato Marcelo Coelho , Garcia‐Júnior Idelmo Rangel , Magro‐Filho Osvaldo , Dos Santos Daniela Micheline , Pellizzer Eduardo Piza 
Published: November 2009

doi:10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2009.00283.x

Implant‐retained thumb prosthesis with anti‐rotational attachment for a geriatric patient This report presents the use of a dental implant with an anti‐rotational attachment for the retention of a thumb prosthesis. A retention system was manufactured with an attachment (UCLA) screwed into the implant with a two‐bar system that was cast in metallic silver palladium. A substructure made from heat‐cured acrylic resin was joined to the retention system by clips to join the thumb to the finger (bar clip) in the cast with implant rejoinder. The silicone material, Silastic‐MDX 44210, was used to achieve function and aesthetics. Following osseointegration, no skin problems were observed. Whilst the implant‐retained digital prosthesis presented some motor limitations, it allowed the patient to return to entertainment and achieve social conviviality.