bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of an 8-Week Mindfulness Meditation Training Program on Psychological Distress in Caregivers and on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in People with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sánchez-Pérez Alicia , Quesada-Rico María Paz , Mendialdua-Canales Daniel , Hurtado-Pomares Miriam , Navarrete-Muñoz Eva María , Valera-Gran Desirée , Peral-Gómez Paula , Gil Gemma Benavides , Millán Pablo García , González-Caballero Gloria , Chaves-Vélez Covadonga , Goldin Philippe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Mental health problems are highly prevalent in people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and their family caregivers. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of the Mindfulness-Based Health Care Program (MBHC) on the psychological distress of family caregivers of people with AD and, indirectly, on the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in people with AD.

Method
A sample of 66 caregivers of people with AD was randomly assigned to either 8 weeks of MBHC or treatment as usual (TAU) groups. The psychological distress in family caregivers, measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and BPSD in patients, measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q), were evaluated and compared at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up.

Results
A total of 50 participants (75.6%) completed the MBHC post-intervention and 30 (50%) at the 3-month follow-up. At post-intervention, compared to TAU, MBHC was associated with significantly greater decreases in psychological distress (β =  − 3.86; 95%CI, − 7.67, − 0.04; p = 0.047), specifically in anxiety symptoms (β =  − 2.84; 95%CI, − 5.38, − 0.30; p = 0.029), but no significant changes were observed in depressive symptoms. MBHC did not produce a significant change in psychological distress at 3-month follow-up. MBHC did not yield a significant reduction in BPSD in people with AD, neither at post-intervention nor at 3-month follow-up.

Conclusions
The results suggest that 8-week mindfulness training can effectively reduce psychological distress and anxiety symptoms in caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s disease.

Preregistration
This study was preregistered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT03858283) on 26 February 2019.
Effect of virgin olive oil as spreadable preparation on atherosclerosis compared to dairy butter in Apoe-deficient mice
Authors: Martínez-Beamonte Roberto , Barranquero Cristina , Gascón Sonia , Mariño Juan , Arnal Carmen , Estopañán Gloria , Rodriguez-Yoldi María Jesús , Surra Joaquín Carlos , Martín-Belloso Olga , Odriozola-Serrano Isabel , Orman Israel , Segovia Jose Carlos , Osada Jesús , Navarro María Ángeles 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOlive oil is the main source of lipid energy in the Mediterranean diet and there is strong evidence of its health benefits. The effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in the form of a preparation of spreadable virgin olive oil (S-VO) on the progression of atheroma plaques was investigated in Apoe-deficient mice, a model of accelerated atherosclerosis. Methods: Two isocaloric Western purified diets containing 20% fat, either as S-VO or as dairy butter, were used to feed 28 males and 16 females of two-month-old Apoe-deficient mice for 12 weeks. S-VO was prepared by blending more than 75% virgin olive oil with other vegetal natural fat to obtain a solid fat. Plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were measured. Hepatic lipid droplets were analyzed. Areas of atherosclerotic aortic lesions were quantified in cross-sectional images of the proximal aorta and en face analysis of the whole aorta. Results: Total plasma cholesterol was increased in mice on the butter-supplemented diet in both female and male mice compared to S-VO, and the ratio of TC/HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in S-VO than in the butter diet, although only in males, and no differences in plasma triglycerides were observed. No significant differences in hepatic lipid droplets were observed between diets in either sex. Aortic lesion areas were significantly higher in mice consuming the butter versus the S-VO diet in both sexes. Conclusion: Extra virgin olive oil prepared in spreadable form maintained the delay in atheroma plaque progression compared to butter.
Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Doan Tam T. , Puelz Charles , Rusin Craig , Molossi Silvana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe present a contemporary approach to risk assessment and management of patients with anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA).Recent FindingsAnomalous left coronary artery from the right aortic sinus (L-AAOCA) with interarterial course carries a high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD); therefore, current guidelines recommend exercise restriction and surgical intervention. Recent data in intraseptal and juxtacommissural L-AAOCA showed inducible perfusion abnormalities, leading to consideration of surgical intervention. Anomalous right coronary artery from the left aortic sinus (R-AAOCA) carries a much lower risk and stress perfusion imaging is helpful in identifying patients with inducible ischemia. Perfusion abnormalities resolve following successful surgical intervention of AAOCA. Computational modeling techniques identifying risk features shows promise in the evaluation of AAOCA.SummaryStress perfusion imaging is helpful in assessing AAOCA upon presentation and following surgical intervention. Computational modeling has potential in bridging knowledge gaps in AAOCA.
Mario Ageno and the status of biophysics
Authors: Cozzoli Daniele 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis essay focuses on Mario Ageno (1915–1992), initially director of the physics laboratory of the Italian National Institute of Health and later professor of biophysics at Sapienza University of Rome. A physicist by training, Ageno became interested in explaining the special characteristics of living organisms origin of life by means of quantum mechanics after reading a book by Schrödinger, who argued that quantum mechanics was consistent with life but that new physical principles must be found. Ageno turned Schrödinger’s view into a long-term research project. He aimed to translate Schrödinger’s ideas into an experimental programme by building a physical model for at least a very simple living organism. The model should explain the transition from the non-living to the living. His research, however, did not lead to the expected results, and in the 1980s and the 1990s he focused on its epistemological aspect, thinking over the tension between the lawlike structure of physics and the historical nature of biology. His reflections led him to focus on the nature of the theory of evolution and its broader scientific meaning.
Organic petrographic and mineralogical composition of the No. 6 coal seam of the Soutpansberg Coalfield, South Africa: Insights into paleovegetation and depositional environment
Authors: Biswas Sanki , Wagner Nicola J. , Moroeng Ofentse M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the paleodepositional conditions of the No. 6 Seam of the Madzaringwe Formation in Makhado and Voorburg south area of the Soutpansberg Coalfield (Limpopo Province, South Africa) utilizing organic petrography and inorganic geochemical proxies. The coals are predominantly high-volatile bituminous B-A rank with high ash yields (avg. 36.1 wt%), characterized by high-vitrinite (~ 41.5 vol%), moderate-to-high inertinite (9.8 vol%–33.7 vol%) and low liptinite (~ 2.3 vol%). The distribution of inertinite varies among different coal horizons (from bottom-lower to middle-upper), suggesting differential oxidation conditions and/or paleofire occurrence. Vitrinite-to-inertinite (V/I) ratio, tissue preservation–gelification index (TPI–GI), and groundwater–vegetation index (GWI–VI) plots, indicate that the peat-forming forest-swamp vegetation accumulated under mesotrophic-to-rheotrophic hydrological conditions. The presence of structured macerals (i.e., telinite, collotelinite, fusinite, and semifusinite) suggests well-preserved plant tissues, whereas framboidal pyrite and sulphur content (0.24 wt%–2.16 wt%) point to brackish-water influence at the peat stage. The coals contain quartz, kaolinite, siderite, muscovite, dolomite, calcite, and pyrite minerals, most of which were likely sourced from felsic igneous rocks. The Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) and (Fe+Mn)/Ti ratios for the studied samples range between 0.24–0.97 and 0.57–70.10, respectively. The ratios, Al–Fe–Mn plot, and presence of massive botryoidal-type pyrite imply some influence of meteoric waters or fluids from hydrothermal activity post-deposition. Moreover, the chemical index of alteration (CIA: 98.25–99.67), chemical index of weathering (CIW: 92.04–97.66), and A–CN–K ternary diagram suggest inorganic matter suffered strong chemical weathering, indicating warm paleoclimatic conditions during the coal formation.
Amorphous Iridium Oxide-Integrated Anode Electrodes with Ultrahigh Material Utilization for Hydrogen Production at Industrial Current Densities
Authors: Ding Lei , Li Kui , Wang Weitian , Xie Zhiqiang , Yu Shule , Yu Haoran , Cullen David A. , Keane Alex , Ayers Kathy , Capuano Christopher B. , Liu Fangyuan , Gao Pu-Xian , Zhang Feng-Yuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHerein, ionomer-free amorphous iridium oxide (IrOx) thin electrodes are first developed as highly active anodes for proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells (PEMECs) via low-cost, environmentally friendly, and easily scalable electrodeposition at room temperature. Combined with a Nafion 117 membrane, the IrOx-integrated electrode with an ultralow loading of 0.075 mg cm−2 delivers a high cell efficiency of about 90%, achieving more than 96% catalyst savings and 42-fold higher catalyst utilization compared to commercial catalyst-coated membrane (2 mg cm−2). Additionally, the IrOx electrode demonstrates superior performance, higher catalyst utilization and significantly simplified fabrication with easy scalability compared with the most previously reported anodes. Notably, the remarkable performance could be mainly due to the amorphous phase property, sufficient Ir3+ content, and rich surface hydroxide groups in catalysts. Overall, due to the high activity, high cell efficiency, an economical, greatly simplified and easily scalable fabrication process, and ultrahigh material utilization, the IrOx electrode shows great potential to be applied in industry and accelerates the commercialization of PEMECs and renewable energy evolution.
Population Change and Residential Segregation in Italian Small Areas, 2011–2021: An Analysis With New Spatial Units
Authors: Pratschke Jonathan , Benassi Federico 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article explores spatial patterns of demographic change and residential segregation in Italy over the past decade, a topic which has not been studied in detail in the literature. Population ageing and migration are unfolding rapidly in a number of European countries, generating tensions and challenges at local level. Aggregate regional or national statistics can conceal significant variations at local level, which are of considerable interest and relevance. This is particularly the case in Italy, where spatial heterogeneity and regional disparities are marked. The analysis presented in this paper uses a new source of data derived from large public archives, which permits comparisons to be made at local level with the 2011 census of population. In this way, it is possible to map out and to analyse demographic trends at a fine level of spatial definition. In order to exploit the potential of these data, the authors use a new set of spatial units which were derived by applying automatic rezoning procedures. These output areas are well suited to the study of the age structure of local populations, population change, and migration in a uniform way across the entire national territory, as the empirical results confirm.
Shuffle-QUDIO: accelerate distributed VQE with trainability enhancement and measurement reduction
Authors: Qian Yang , Du Yuxuan , Tao Dacheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a leading strategy that exploits noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) machines to tackle chemical problems. It is expected to demonstrate quantum advantage when handling a large number of qubits, where the density matrix cannot be processed efficiently on classical computers. To gain such computational advantages on large-scale problems, a feasible solution is the QUantum DIstributed Optimization (QUDIO) scheme, which partitions the original problem into $$\varvec{K}$$

K

subproblems and allocates them to $$\varvec{K}$$

K

quantum machines followed by the parallel optimization. Despite the provable acceleration ratio, the efficiency of QUDIO may heavily degrade by the synchronization operation. To conquer this issue, here we propose Shuffle-QUDIO to involve shuffle operations into local Hamiltonians during the quantum distributed optimization. Compared with QUDIO, Shuffle-QUDIO significantly reduces the communication frequency among quantum processors and simultaneously achieves better trainability. Particularly, we prove that Shuffle-QUDIO enables a faster convergence rate over QUDIO. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to verify that Shuffle-QUDIO allows both a wall-clock time speedup and low approximation error in the tasks of estimating the ground state energy of a molecule. We empirically demonstrate that our proposal can be seamlessly integrated with other acceleration techniques, such as operator grouping, to further improve the efficacy of VQE.
The hidden glacial landscape of the Monti della Laga (central Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Azzoni Roberto Sergio , Tantardini Davide , Forti Luca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe geological and geomorphological record of the Last Glaciation in the Apennines is extensively documented, except for the Monti della Laga sector, where limited indicators of glacier extension have been reported. This study presents field evidence of glacial deposits and landforms from two specific sites within the Monti della Laga Range: Monte Pelone and Tordino Valley head. Although limited, this evidence suggests glaciation within a structural and lithological setting that facilitated rapid slope evolution. The post-glaciation paraglacial processes in the area erased most glacial traces, but our geomorphological and stratigraphical investigations identified specific landforms of glacial origin. Notably, at Monte Pelone, a semi-circular depositional landform exhibiting a significant presence of coarse clasts and distinctive rotational features has been identified as a moraine. Additionally, a smaller moraine ridge with evidence of diamicton deposition was observed in the Tordino Valley head. These observations align with an Equilibrium Line Altitude estimated at 1750 m a.s.l. in the central Apennines in the Last Glacial Maximum and, considering the favourable topographic conditions of the area, significantly contribute to the understanding of glaciations within the central Apennines.
Correlation between thermal and density properties of chestnuts: preliminary results of experimental non-destructive testing
Authors: Borghese Vittoria , Santoro Luca , Santini Silvia , Sesana Raffaella 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents the preliminary outcomes of a methodology for the physical and mechanical characterization of various chestnut elements in different states of preservation. Strategizing conservation and retrofit interventions for timber is necessary, and to do this, it is necessary to establish an estimation of physical (transmissivity, thermal conductivity, humidity level, etc.) and mechanical properties (density, compressive or bending strength, etc.). This essential information is typically associated with timber defects, but there are lack of correlations. The primary objective is to establish correlations between thermal and density properties with the aim of preserving original assets. The investigation delves into the relationship between timber density and thermal properties through experimental non-destructive testing (NDT). Two NDTs were employed with the aim of correlating: penetrometric testing and active thermography investigations. The parametric study on the excitation period yielded valuable insights into the temporal dynamics of heat transfer within the timber, underscoring the significance of selecting appropriate excitation periods to capture precise thermal properties. Tabular data on relative humidity for salified, dried, and new samples provided a quantitative backdrop to these observations, unveiling the nuanced effects of humidity on the timber’s thermal response. The results of this study are positioned to inform future conservation efforts by laying the groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of timber’s mechanical properties. Particularly, the challenge lies in accurately estimating density, where surface tests are often less reliable than in-depth ones. Therefore, it is crucial to seek validation through other NDT tests, such as thermographic analysis and visual inspection, and hygrometric tests recognizing their importance in enhancing the reliability of density assessments. This approach will contribute to the development of more discerning preservation strategies.
The Synovial Sealant Variant for Minced Cartilage Repair: A Technical Note and Retrospective Study
Authors: Ahrens Philipp , Hinterwimmer Stefan , Tasser Matthias , Fritsch Lorenz , Siebenlist Sebastian , Fürmetz Julian , Watrinet Julius 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeCartilage defects are a common pathology in active people and affect quality of life. A common treatment option is treatment with minced cartilage (MC). As conservative therapy has a limited effect, surgical treatments vary in terms of procedure and results. A modified technique for autologous cartilage repair is presented here.MethodMC was modified by adding a synovial sealant. This improves the stability of the graft, allowing the cartilage to proliferate. The synovial tissue has the potential to stimulate the implanted cartilage, which promotes healing and regeneration. The clinical and functional results of the modified technique were examined in a retrospective case series.ResultsThe technique has proven to be reproducible for retropatellar cartilage defects and is both efficient and cost effective. MC with synovial sealing was performed in ten patients with retropatellar cartilage damage. In the conducted cases serious, 10 patients were available for follow-up after 18 ± 3 months. Patients showed good clinical results in terms of pain (VAS = 1.9, KOOS Pain = 89.7), symptoms (KOOS Symptoms = 83.6), and daily activity (KOOS Activity = 96.6).ConclusionThe procedure combines the advantages of autologous cartilage repair with a one-stage surgical approach. It utilizes the regenerative potential of synovial tissue while providing improved mechanical stability. This technique offers a cost-effective, autologous solution for full-thickness cartilage defects, and shows promising clinical results in the medium term.
EHMMQA: English, Hindi, and Marathi multilingual question answering framework using deep learning
Authors: Lahoti Pawan , Mittal Namita , Singh Girdhari 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultilingual question answering (MQA) is an effective access to multilingual data to provide accurate and precise answers, irrespective of language. Although a wide range of datasets is available for monolingual QA systems in natural language processing, benchmark datasets specifically designed for MQA are considerably limited. The absence of comprehensive and benchmark datasets hinders the development and evaluation of MQA systems. To overcome this issue, the proposed work attempts to develop the EHMQuAD dataset, an MQA dataset for low-resource languages such as Hindi and Marathi accompanying the English language. The EHMQuAD dataset is developed using a synthetic corpora generation approach, and an alignment is performed after translation to make the dataset more accurate. Further, the EHMMQA model is proposed to create an abstract framework that uses a deep neural network that accepts pairs of questions and context and returns an accurate answer based on those questions. The shared question and shared context representation have been designed separately to develop this system. The experiments of the proposed model are conducted on the MMQA, Translated SQuAD, XQuAD, MLQA, and EHMQuAD datasets, and EM and F1-score are used as performance measures. The proposed model (EHMMQA) is collated with state-of-the-art MQA baseline models for all possible monolingual and multilingual settings. The results signify that EHMMQA is a considerable step toward the MQA system utilizing Hindi and Marathi languages. Hence, it becomes a new state-of-the-art model for Hindi and Marathi languages.
AI approaches for the discovery and validation of drug targets
Authors: Wenteler Aaron , Cabrera Claudia P. , Wei Wei , Neduva Victor , Barnes Michael R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) holds immense promise for accelerating and improving all aspects of drug discovery, not least target discovery and validation. By integrating a diverse range of biological data modalities, AI enables the accurate prediction of drug target properties, ultimately illuminating biological mechanisms of disease and guiding drug discovery strategies. Despite the indisputable potential of AI in drug target discovery, there are many challenges and obstacles yet to be overcome, including dealing with data biases, model interpretability and generalisability, and the validation of predicted drug targets, to name a few. By exploring recent advancements in AI, this review showcases current applications of AI for drug target discovery and offers perspectives on the future of AI for the discovery and validation of drug targets, paving the way for the generation of novel and safer pharmaceuticals.
Multiple recurrent supraventricular tachycardia in infantile tuberous sclerosis complex: management requiring triple-drug therapy
Authors: Jacquemyn Xander , Kutty Shelby , Cohen Mitchell I. , Mehta Keyur K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe report the case of a female neonate admitted to the neonatal ICU with a rapid, narrow-complex tachyarrhythmia determined to be supraventricular tachycardia. Multimodality imaging and genetic testing confirmed a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex with multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas. At 13 days of age, the patient was readmitted, exhibiting recurrent supraventricular tachycardia non-responsive to first-line treatment. Management required triple-drug therapy, whereafter the patient remained stable without recurrences. This is a rare report of supraventricular tachycardia in a functionally normal heart with the occurrence of supraventricular tachycardia due to structural abnormalities, with the possibility of multiple concealed accessory pathways.