bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actin isoform expression patterns during mammalian development and in pathology: Insights from mouse models
Authors: Tondeleir Davina , Vandamme Drieke , Vandekerckhove Joël , Ampe Christophe , Lambrechts Anja 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe dynamic actin cytoskeleton, consisting of six actin isoforms in mammals and a variety of actin binding proteins is essential for all developmental processes and for the viability of the adult organism. Actin isoform specific functions have been proposed for muscle contraction, cell migration, endo‐ and exocytosis and maintaining cell shape. However, these specific functions for each of the actin isoforms during development are not well understood. Based on transgenic mouse models, we will discuss the expression patterns of the six conventional actin isoforms in mammals during development and adult life. Ablation of actin genes usually leads to lethality and affects expression of other actin isoforms at the cell or tissue level. A good knowledge of their expression and functions will contribute to fully understand severe phenotypes or diseases caused by mutations in actin isoforms. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanistic Insights into Cyclooxygenase Irreversible Inactivation by Aspirin
Authors: Tosco Paolo , Lazzarato Loretta 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA mechanistic hypothesis for the acetylation of cyclooxygenase (COX) by aspirin is proposed on the basis of a QM/MM study. This mechanism is consistent with previous experimental findings by other investigators. Ser 530 appears to be acetylated under intramolecular general base catalysis provided by the carboxylate moiety of aspirin, while Tyr 385 plays a crucial role in orienting and polarizing the acetyl group.magnified image
Practical aspects of 15N CPMG transverse relaxation experiments for proteins in solution
Authors: Myint Wazo , Gong Qingguo , Ishima Rieko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe 15N transverse relaxation as measured by the Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (CPMG) sequence is often used to characterize protein backbone dynamics in solution. In the 15N CPMG experiment, the delay between 15N CPMG pulses typically is set sufficiently short to minimize the effects of relaxation by the 15N‐1H antiphase component. This limits the total relaxation duration of the CPMG experiment because frequent application of the high B1 field to the heteronucleus may cause probe damage. The resulting antiphase component can be minimized by using 1H composite decoupling or by applying 1H 180° pulses more frequently than the 15N CPMG pulses. In this study, we simulated 15N CPMG relaxation in the presence of either 1H composite decoupling or 1H 180° pulses and compared the results with the experimental transverse relaxation data acquired with [u‐15N]‐ or [u‐15N, u‐2H]‐ubiquitin samples. We explain systematic errors resulting from these CPMG experiments and describe a method for recording 15N transverse relaxation in a manner that minimizes probe problems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 34A: 63–75, 2009.
Roles of magnetic gradient field and transverse relaxation in distant dipolar field signal
Authors: Ki Wong Chung , Zhong Jianhui 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDistant dipolar field (DDF) effect as an alternative signal formation mechanism has attracted a lot of attention in the magnetic resonance community in the past two decades. The signal formed under the influence of DDF is usually much smaller than the signal acquired with the conventional method, and is observable only when magnetic field gradients are utilized to modulate the magnetization distribution spatially. This article reviews the formation of the DDF signals and explains in detail the roles of the gradient fields in observing the DDF effect by examining the evolution of magnetization according to the classical Bloch equation. The magnetization evolution is calculated analytically in two common pulse sequences: i) the COrrelation SpectroscopY (COSY) sequence and ii) the COSY Revamped by Asymmetric Z‐gradient Echo Detection (CRAZED) sequence. The detailed comparison of the two sequences elucidates how the implementation of the gradient fields introduces extra dephasing to the signal and why gradient fields are indispensable in observing the DDF effect in biological samples. In addition, the DDF signal is analytically shown to have an intrinsically higher sensitivity to the change of transverse relaxation (T2) than the signal acquired with the conventional method for biological tissues. This manifests that the DDF signal has a higher T2 contrast than the conventional signal under the same signal‐to‐noise ratio and provides a potential new contrast mechanism in magnetic resonance imaging. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 34A: 76–90, 2009.
Are Mixed Explicit/Implicit Solvation Models Reliable for Studying Phosphate Hydrolysis? A Comparative Study of Continuum, Explicit and Mixed Solvation Models
Authors: Kamerlin Shina C. L. , Haranczyk Maciej , Warshel Arieh 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAre all solvation models equal? An in‐depth comparison of mixed implicit/explicit solvation models shows that while both the implicit and explicit (QM/MM–FEP) solvation models can reproduce activation free energies for phosphate diester hydrolysis in solution with high accuracy, the use of a mixed solvation model tends to be unreliable for modelling phosphate hydrolysis in solution.magnified imagePhosphate hydrolysis is ubiquitous in biology. However, despite intensive research on this class of reactions, the precise nature of the reaction mechanism remains controversial. Herein, we have examined the hydrolysis of three homologous phosphate diesters. The solvation free energy was simulated by means of either an implicit solvation model (COSMO), hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical free energy perturbation (QM/MM–FEP) or a mixed solvation model in which N water molecules were explicitly included in the ab initio description of the reacting system (where N=1–3), with the remainder of the solvent being implicitly modelled as a continuum. Here, both COSMO and QM/MM–FEP reproduce ΔGobs within an error of about 1 kcal mol−1. However, we demonstrate that in order to obtain any kind of reliable results from a mixed model, it is essential to carefully select the explicit water molecules from short QM/MM runs that act as a model for the true infinite system. Additionally, the mixed models tend to be increasingly unstable and miss larger entropic contributions as more explicit water molecules are placed into the system. Thus, our analysis indicates that this approach provides an unreliable way for modelling phosphate hydrolysis in solution.
Organic Solar Cells with Semitransparent Metal Back Contacts for Power Window Applications
Authors: Koeppe Robert , Hoeglinger Doris , Troshin Pavel A. , Lyubovskaya Rimma N. , Razumov Vladimir F. , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA window to the world: Metal‐organic complexes such as zinc‐phthalocyanines and ‐naphthalocyanines show broad transmission windows in the visible spectral range and can be used together with fullerenes in semitransparent organic solar cells. By achieving a high transmission of visible light through silver electrodes, this property is exploited to construct organic solar cells that one can see through.magnified imageTo provide truly transparent solar cells for power window applications, both semiconductor and electrode materials have to have a very low absorption over as much of the visible spectrum as possible. We present some promising visible transparent semiconductor combinations, namely zinc‐phthalocyanine or zinc‐naphthalocyanine together with soluble fullerenes in conjunction with a method for obtaining highly transparent thin metal films by tuning the interference patterns in the multilayer organic solar cells structure. In an optimal combination, solar cells with an efficiency of about 0.5 % and a peak transparency of more than 60 % in the visible part of the spectrum were fabricated.
Vanadium Carbonyl Nitrosyl Compounds: The Carbonyl Nitrosyl Chemistry of an Oxophilic Early Transition Metal
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Xie Yaoming , King R. Bruce , Schaefer Henry F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe vanadium carbonyl nitrosyl compounds V(NO)(CO)n (n = 5, 4, 3) and V2(NO)2(CO)n (n = 9, 8, 7) have been examined by density functional theory in order to assess the effect of the oxophilicity of vanadium on its metal carbonyl nitrosyl chemistry. The expected octahedral structure for the experimentally known, but surprisingly unstable, V(NO)(CO)5, is confirmed by DFT. The optimized structures of the unsaturated derivatives V(NO)(CO)4 and V(NO)(CO)3 can be derived from the octahedral V(NO)(CO)5 structure by loss of one or two carbonyl groups, respectively. This leads to anearly square‐planar predicted structure for V(NO)(CO)3. The lowest energy structures for the binuclear derivatives V2(NO)2(CO)n (n = 9, 8, 7) have exclusively two‐electron donor carbonyl groups and three‐electron donor linear nitrosyl groups with metal–metal distances corresponding to the formal bond orders required for the favored 18‐electron configurations. Bridging carbonyl groups appear to be preferred energetically over bridging nitrosyl groups in the V2(NO)2(CO)n structures in contrast to the similar carbonyl nitrosyl compounds of later transition metals. The saturated V2(NO)2(CO)9, with a relatively long V–V distance of 3.583 Å (B3LYP) or 3.205 Å (BP86), is thermodynamically unstable with respect to dissociation into V(NO)(CO)5 + V(NO)(CO)4.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Redox Chemistry of Tetrakis[5,6‐di(2‐pyridyl)‐2,3‐pyrazino]porphyrazinatocobalt(II): Isolation and Characterization of Solid Pure CoI, CoII, and CoIII Complexes
Authors: Viola Elisa , Donzello Maria Pia , Ciattini Samuele , Portalone Gustavo , Ercolani Claudio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSalt‐like hydrated complexes of formulae Na[Py8TPyzPzCo] and [Py8TPyzPzCo](SbCl6) containing CoI and CoIII, respectively, and the neutral CoII–bis(dimethyl sulfoxide) (DMSO) adduct [Py8TPyzPzCo(DMSO)2], bearing additional clathrated DMSO molecules, have been prepared and characterized {Py8TPyzPz = tetrakis[5,6‐di(2‐pyridyl)‐2,3‐pyrazino]porphyrazinato dianion}. The sodium CoI salt, the anion of which, [Py8TPyzPzCo]1–, had previously been identified by electrochemical solution studies, represents the first example of a CoI derivative of a tetrapyrrolic macrocyclic chromophore prepared as a solid pure material. Solutions of Na[Py8TPyzPzCo] in DMSO, under defined experimental conditions, allow the slow formation (months) of crystals of its corresponding CoII complex of formula [Py8TPyzPzCo(DMSO)2]·6 DMSO. The structure of the adduct, elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis, shows the central CoII ion surrounded by the four pyrrole N atoms of the porphyrazine macrocycle and two O atoms of the axially bonded DMSO molecules. Oxidation of the basic starting material [Py8TPyzPzCo] with phenoxathiin hexachloroantimonate (phenox‐SbCl6) led to the formation of the CoIII complex [Py8TPyzPzCo](SbCl6). Full characterization of the title CoI, CoII, and CoIII species has been accomplished by solution studies and from IR, UV/Vis, EPR and X‐ray crystallography data.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Stereoselective Functionalization of Dihydropyran‐3‐ols: Application to the Synthesis of Enantiopure Ethyl Deoxymonate B
Authors: Fernández de la Pradilla Roberto , Lwoff Nadia , Viso Alma 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe behavior of readily available enantiopure cis and trans 3,6‐disubstituted dihydropyran‐3‐ols and derivatives in epoxidation, osmium‐catalyzed dihydroxylations, SN2′, and Claisen‐related processes has been examined. The highly diastereoselective dihydroxylation of a suitably functionalized cis 3,6‐disubstituted dihydropyran‐3‐ol has been used in the synthesis of ethyl deoxymonate B from a 3‐sulfinyldihydropyran intermediate. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Toll-like receptor 3 signaling attenuates liver regeneration #
Authors: Zorde-Khvalevsky Elina , Abramovitch Rinat , Barash Hila , Spivak-Pohis Irit , Rivkin Ludmila , Rachmilewitz Jacob , Galun Eithan , Giladi Hilla 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The current model for liver regeneration suggests that cell damage triggers Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling via MyD88, leading to the induction of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and secretion of inflammatory cytokines that in turn prime liver regeneration. TLR3 is unique among TLRs in that it signals through TRIF (TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β), not through MyD88, and may lead to activation of either the inflammatory or apoptotic pathway. The inflammatory pathway leads to NF-κB activation, whereas the apoptotic pathway, believed to be mediated by Rip3, leads to caspase-8 activation. In this study, we explored the role of TLR3 in liver regeneration by comparing the response to 70% partial hepatectomy of TLR3wt and TLR3−/− mice. We found that following partial hepatectomy, TLR3−/− mice demonstrated earlier hepatocyte proliferation. Furthermore, within the first hours, we observed a dramatic TLR3-dependent NF-κB activation and an increase in Rip3 levels in hepatocytes, accompanied by caspase-8 activation but without an apoptotic outcome. Conclusion: TLR3 plays an inhibitory role in the priming of liver regeneration, thus reinforcing the role of the innate immune system in balancing tissue regeneration. (Hepatology 2009.)
p21 is required for dextrose-mediated inhibition of mouse liver regeneration #
Authors: Weymann Alexander , Hartman Eric , Gazit Vered , Wang Connie , Glauber Martin , Turmelle Yumirle , Rudnick David A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe inhibitory effect of dextrose supplementation on liver regeneration was first described more than 4 decades ago. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this observation have not been elucidated. We investigated these mechanisms using the partial hepatectomy model in mice given standard or 10% dextrose (D10)-supplemented drinking water. The results showed that D10-treated mice exhibited significantly reduced hepatic regeneration compared with controls, as assessed by hepatocellular bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and mitotic frequency. D10 supplementation did not suppress activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), induction of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) expression, or tumor necrosis factor alpha–interleukin-6 cytokine signaling, p42/44 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, immediate early gene expression, or expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ), but did augment expression of the mito-inhibitory factors C/EBPα, p21Waf1/Cip1, and p27Kip1. In addition, forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) expression, which is required for normal liver regeneration, was suppressed by D10 treatment. Finally, D10 did not suppress either FoxM1 expression or hepatocellular proliferation in p21 null mice subjected to partial hepatectomy, establishing the functional significance of these events in mediating the effects of D10 on liver regeneration.Conclusion:These data show that the inhibitory effect of dextrose supplementation on liver regeneration is associated with increased expression of C/EBPα, p21, and p27, and decreased expression of FoxM1, and that D10-mediated inhibition of liver regeneration is abrogated in p21-deficient animals. Our observations are consistent with a model in which hepatic sufficiency is defined by homeostasis between the energy-generating capacity of the liver and the energy demands of the body mass, with liver regeneration initiated when the functional liver mass is no longer sufficient to meet such demand. (Hepatology 2009.)
The intergenerational effects of trauma from terror: A real possibility
Authors: Kaitz Marsha , Levy Mindy , Ebstein Richard , Faraone Stephen V. , Mankuta David 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe goals of this article are to discuss the potential risk of children whose parents were traumatized by terror, to present literature on parenting in the context of terror, and to consider factors that may mediate the transmission of trauma‐effects from parents to children. Mediators considered are parents' traumatic distress, disturbed parent–child interactions, trauma‐related disturbances in parents' thinking, and effects of stress on children's neural functioning. Also discussed are genetic and environmental factors that may moderate the transmission of intergenerational effects and promote children's risk and resilience. Points raised during the discussion are illustrated with segments from interviews of women who were pregnant or gave birth some time after direct exposure to a terror attack. The authors conclude that empirical studies are needed to learn more about the intergenerational transmission of trauma‐effects and processes that underlie it. The authors join others in the call to improve evaluation, treatment, and support of trauma victims and their children to stymie the transmission of problems from one generation to the next.
Competencies for infant mental health therapists: A survey of expert opinion
Authors: Quay Herbert C. , Hogan Anne E. , Donohue Keith F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report on data provided by a nationwide panel of 23 infant mental health (IMH) experts who provided numerical ratings of the relative importance of 143 competencies desirable for licensed mental health therapists working with infants/children birth to 5 years of age and their families/caregivers. The competencies were developed based on prior state and national efforts and our own experience in training IMH therapists. The competencies were grouped conceptually into seven areas: (a) Normal infant and toddler development; (b) Atypical development (perturbations in development); (c) Emotional/behavioral disorders in infants and young children; (d) Assessment; (e) Intervention; (f) Community resources and referrals; and (g) Organization, communication, and collaboration. We calculated means, SDs, 95% confidence intervals to rank order each competency. We conducted reliability analyses and tested for mean differences in ratings for the seven areas. Interrater and intraclass correlations were modest, likely the result of restriction of range in the ratings. The seven areas showed high levels of internal consistency and, with few exceptions, did not significantly differ in the means of their ratings. The utility of the competencies are discussed as a framework for training and professional development for IMH clinicians.
Novel template‐casting technique for fabricating β‐tricalcium phosphate scaffolds with high interconnectivity and mechanical strength and in vitro cell responses
Authors: Liu Yongxing , Kim Joong‐Hyun , Young Daniel , Kim Sungwoo , Nishimoto Satoru K. , Yang Yunzhi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA novel template‐casting method was developed to produce completely interconnected, macroporous biodegradable β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) scaffolds, whose architecture and chemistry can be fully manipulated by varying the templates and casting materials. The processing route includes preparation of β‐TCP slurry; casting and shaping into preformed templates comprised of paraffin beads; solidifying, drying; and sintering. Structural, chemical, and mechanical properties of the prepared macroporous scaffolds were characterized using micro computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mechanical testing. Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells were used to evaluate cell proliferation within the scaffolds in vitro. The scaffolds consisted of interconnected macropores and solid struts, leading to a reticular network. Two groups of scaffolds with larger pores, approximately 600–800 μm and smaller pores approximately 350–500 μm, were demonstrated. The interconnected windows between neighboring macropores were 440 ± 57 μm in diameter for the larger‐pored scaffolds, and 330 ± 50 μm for the smaller‐pored scaffolds. The scaffolds were highly crystallized and composed dominantly of β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) accompanied by minor phase of hydroxyapatite (HA). The hydroxyl group was clearly detected by FTIR on the scaffolds. High mechanical strength (9.3 MPa) was demonstrated by the completely interconnected scaffolds with ∼79% porosity. The human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cells proliferated well on the smaller‐pored and larger‐pored scaffolds, exhibiting a significantly higher level of proliferation in the first 11 days of culture on the smaller pored scaffolds. High levels of differentiation were also evidenced in both pore sizes of scaffolds. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Mechanistic study of saikosaponin‐d (Ssd) on suppression of murine T lymphocyte activation
Authors: Wong Vincent Kam Wai , Zhou Hua , Cheung Simon Shiu Fai , Li Ting , Liu Liang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSaikosaponin‐d (Ssd) is a triterpene saponin derived from the medicinal plant,Bupleurum falcatumL. (Umbelliferae). Previous findings showed that Ssd exhibits a variety of pharmacological and immunomodulatory activities including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐bacterial, anti‐viral and anti‐cancer effects. In the current study we have investigated the effects of Ssd on activated mouse T lymphocytes through the NF‐κB, NF‐AT and AP‐1 signaling pathways, cytokine secretion, and IL‐2 receptor expression. The results demonstrated that Ssd not only suppressed OKT3/CD28‐costimulated human T cell proliferation, it also inhibited PMA, PMA/Ionomycin and Con A‐induced mouse T cell activation in vitro. The inhibitory effect of Ssd on PMA‐induced T cell activation was associated with down‐regulation of NF‐κB signaling through suppression of IKK and Akt activities. In addition, Ssd suppressed both DNA binding activity and the nuclear translocation of NF‐AT and activator protein 1 (AP‐1) of the PMA/Ionomycin‐stimulated T cells. The cell surface markers like IL‐2 receptor (CD25) were also down‐regulated together with decreased production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines of IL‐6, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ. These results indicate that the NF‐κB, NF‐AT and AP‐1 (c‐Fos) signaling pathways are involved in the T cell inhibition evoked by Ssd, so it can be a potential candidate for further study in treating T cell‐mediated autoimmune conditions. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 303–315, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancing well‐being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: a practice‐friendly meta‐analysis
Authors: Sin Nancy L. , Lyubomirsky Sonja 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDo positive psychology interventions—that is, treatment methods or intentional activities aimed at cultivating positive feelings, positive behaviors, or positive cognitions—enhance well‐being and ameliorate depressive symptoms? A meta‐analysis of 51 such interventions with 4,266 individuals was conducted to address this question and to provide practical guidance to clinicians. The results revealed that positive psychology interventions do indeed significantly enhance well‐being (mean r=.29) and decrease depressive symptoms (mean r=.31). In addition, several factors were found to impact the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions, including the depression status, self‐selection, and age of participants, as well as the format and duration of the interventions. Accordingly, clinicians should be encouraged to incorporate positive psychology techniques into their clinical work, particularly for treating clients who are depressed, relatively older, or highly motivated to improve. Our findings also suggest that clinicians would do well to deliver positive psychology interventions as individual (versus group) therapy and for relatively longer periods of time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65: 1–21, 2009.