bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SWARMING AND MATING OF CHIRONOMUS RIPARIUS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)
Authors: Caspary V. G. , Downe A. E. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBy restricting the swarming behaviour of Chironomus riparius Meigen, in a series of five swarm suppression cages, it was found that reduced swarming resulted in fewer matings and less oviposition. With total suppression of swarming no matings occurred.When swarming volume was incrementally reduced vertically or horizontally, it was found that the minimum vertical or horizontal dimension for swarming to occur was 2–3 cm. The mating rate was determined by the detection of labelled spermatozoa in autoradiographs. Thus swarming appears to have an epigamic function in C. riparius and is an essential precursor to mating and oviposition.
INTRASPECIFIC AND INTERSPECIFIC BREEDING BEHAVIOR OF CHIRONOMUS PALLIDIVITTATUS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)
Authors: Hein J. , Schmulbach J. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA chironomid population found in a temporary pond in South Dakota and believed to be conspecific with the European Chironomus pallidivittatus was studied. Field and laboratory observations of intraspecific mating behavior are reported. The percentages of females producing viable eggs in crosses of C. pallidivittatus males with females of C. tentons and C. crassicaudatus were 6.2% and 6.3% respectively. In the reciprocal combinations, mating was difficult to induce and no viable eggs were produced. Neither the South Dakota population nor the European species called C. pallidivittatus conform to the morphology of the lectotype.
CHIRONOMID (DIPTERA) BIOCOENOSES IN SCANDINAVIAN GLACIER BROOKS
Authors: Steffan August Wilhelm 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGlacier brooks in Northern Scandinavia have been investigated for the occurrence of chironomid larvae and pupae. In the uppermost zone of glacier brooks with a very narrow temperature amplitude, Diamesa lindrothi is the most abundant species. In a lower zone with a wide diurnal temperature amplitude during summer months, the simuliid Prosimulium macropyga is more abundant, along with other species of Diamesa. Lacking any primary organic production, the diptera larvae living here feed on particles drifted up on the glacier surface, conserved there and released into the glacier brook by the melting of the ice. The larvae of Diamesa lindrothi have developed adjustments to obviate the strong water current and the instability of the benthic substratum: The mature larvae spin nets over small stone cavities where they live, and thus prevent the pupal stage from being washed downstream. The Diamesa associations in glacier brooks have to be regarded as distinct freshwater biocoenoses. They have to be considered as belonging to the biocoenosis type kryon, and the brooks themselves according to the biotope type kryal. They differ from the krenal and rhithral biotope types by both abiotic and biotic peculiarities, and from the equivalent biocoenosis types by their characteristic life forms and animal associations.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO A STUDY OF THE PYRAUSTINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) OF TEMPERATE EAST ASIA. XII
Authors: Munroe Eugene , Mutuura Akira 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new pyraustine taxa are described: Parbattia serrata n. sp., Sikkim and northern India; P. arisana n. sp., Taiwan; Epiparbattia gloriosalis whalleyi n. subsp., Assam.
ASSESSMENT OF TOBACCO LOSSES CAUSED BY THE DARK-SIDED CUTWORM, EUXOA MESSORIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), DELHI, ONTARIO
Authors: Cheng H. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntensive studies on the damage and losses of flue-cured tobacco caused by the dark-sided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris), were carried out in the field at Delhi, Ont., during 1967 and 1968. A new method for estimating the accurate tobacco crop losses is illustrated. Assessment of damage of the tobacco plant and the population density in relation to the yield are described. The yield was significantly related, negatively, to the dark-sided cutworm density, and was reduced in the cutworm-damaged blocks in comparison with the yield in the undamaged check blocks. Assessment of average losses caused by the species was 17% of marketable tobacco, which, based on the average current prices, would amount to 200 dollars per acre or approximately 25 million dollars over the country as a whole every year.
THE ABATEMENT OF NUISANCE SPECIES OF TRICHOPTERA WITH DDT APPLIED TO THE RESTING SITES OF ADULTS
Authors: Fredeen F. J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAbatement programs for nuisance species of Trichoptera at Fort Erie, Ont., and Montreal, Que., are compared and attempts are made to determine why the former was successful throughout 16 consecutive years but failed in the 17th, whereas the Montreal project was not successful in its initial test. In both, DDT was used as a residual insecticide in the resting places of the adults. It is suggested that DDD (TDE) be considered as a substitute for DDT if a relatively waterproof, residual insecticide is required for this specific purpose.
THE CONSUMPTION OF EUPHORBIA CYPARISSIAS (EUPHORBIACEAE) BY LARVAE OF CELERIO EUPHORBIAE (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE)
Authors: New T. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory feeding experiments on Celerio euphorbiae (L.) showed that each larva consumed about 2.7 g dry weight of Euphorbia cyparissias L. Laboratory-reared and field-collected larvae produced pupae of similar weights and the close similarity between the fresh and dry weights of control-fed larvae and larvae allowed to feed freely indicates that laboratory results are readily extrapolated to field conditions. On one infested site, at Braeside, Ont., the amount of spurge foliage was measured and the density of larvae needed to graze it fully was estimated at 14/m2 completing development. Preliminary data on an energy budget of the larva are discussed in relation to possible damage to the plant.
INSECT ATTRACTANTS, ANTI-ATTRACTANTS, AND REPELLENTS
Authors: Wright R. H. , Chambers D. L. , Keiser Irving 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAnti-attractants, defined as substances with little or no intrinsic repellency but with the property of diminishing the attractiveness of a lure, are predicted on spectroscopic grounds and their existence demonstrated in experiments with Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and Dacus cucurbitae (Coquillett).
LABORATORY STUDIES OF PREDATION OF SNAILS BY LARVAE OF THE MARSH FLY, SEPEDON TENUICORNIS (DIPTERA: SCIOMYZIDAE)
Authors: Geckler Robert P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of the marsh fly, Sepedon tenuicornis Cresson, were used to determine (1) number and approximate volume of snails killed before pupation, (2) time required to make the first kill as a function of distance and snail density, and (3) vulnerability of snails of different sizes to larvae of different sizes.Results1. Mean number of snails killed (by 34 larvae): 8.1 ± 2.5, (S.E.) Volume: 544 ± 256 mm3.2. Regression line relating time required to kill as a function of snail density: T (minutes) = 65.3–111.6 × (snail density).Regression line relating time to kill and snail densities of 0.6 and 1.2 snails/cm as a function of distance from snails: T = 0.79–0.33 × (distance).Data from a snail density of 0.3/cm could not be pooled because of high day-to-day variation in larvae.3. Vulnerability of snails can be expressed for each larva length by the equation: Fraction of snails killed = a + b × (snail size).Values of a and b are as follows:
MOISTURE CONTENT AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF LABORATORY DIETS FOR THE MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER, MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: McKinlay K. S. , Randell R. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFeeding studies showed that survival to adult and adult body weight were much reduced when colonies of the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius), were reared on a diet of fresh lettuce alone. This was largely due to the high moisture content of the fresh lettuce. Dried-lettuce meal, bran, or alfalfa meal as supplements to increase the intake of solids improved survival and body weight very markedly.
LIFE HISTORY AND BEHAVIOR OF PODISUS MODESTUS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) IN BOREAL FOREST IN QUEBEC
Authors: Tostowaryk Walter 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPodisus modestus (Dallas) has one generation per year in the boreal forest of Quebec. Adults hibernate in the litter and soil from mid-autumn to late spring. Overwintered adults were found in the field until the latter part of August. Adults mated shortly after emergence from hibernation. Females mated an average of three times during the summer; the maintenance of a supply of highly fertile eggs apparently required this periodic mating. Young adults, which emerge from August to October, neither mated nor laid eggs before hibernation.The preoviposition period after first mating was 10 to 19 days. Females laid an average of 7.9 egg masses (average of 16.7 eggs per mass) at intervals of 1 to 25 days on jack pine, and on Kalmia and Vaccinium spp.Eighty per cent of the eggs hatched successfully after a mean incubation period of 15.3 days; 12% did not develop while 8% developed and were destroyed, during hatching, by other first-instar nymphs in the brood. Maturing nymphs spent an average of 7.7, 7.7, 7.8, 11.9, and 23.8 days in each of the five respective stadia, and required 59 days from hatching to adult emergence. A logistic curve describes the relationship between developmental time and temperature. First-instar nymphs required no animal food, but during each of the last four instars animal food was required for maturation. The hunting and feeding behavior, food consumption, abundance and mortality of P. modestus are also described.
REVISION OF THE SPECIES OFTRIGONOTYLUSIN NORTH AMERICA (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSpecies of the genusTrigonotylusFieber are revised for North America. A new species,mexicanus, is described from Mexico and British Honduras. Synonyms proposed are:californicusCarv. =longipesSlat. & Wagn., andmontanusCarv. andviridis(Prov.) =ruficornis(Geoff.). Redescriptions are given for 15 previously described species known from North America:americanusCarv.,antennatusKelt.,brooksiKelt.,canadensisKelt.,coelestialium(Kirk.),confususReut,dohertyi(Dist.),flavicornisKelt.,longipesSlat. & Wagn.,pulcherReut.,ruficornis(Geoff.),saileriCarv.,slateriCarv.,tarsalis(Reut.), anduhleri(Reut.). A key to species, additional records on distribution, and illustrations of the male genitalia of all the species are given.
A METHOD FOR SEPARATING AND SURFACE STERILIZING THE EGGS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Retnakaran Arthur , French John 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA simple method for separating and surface sterilizing spruce budworm eggs is described. The egg masses are incubated with constant agitation in a 1% solution of NaOH for 10 minutes at 35 °C. The separated eggs are rinsed serially in distilled water, 1% bovine albumen solution, and 70% ethanol, and placed on a moist, sterile filter paper in a petri dish. When surface sterilized eggs are not required the 70% ethanol wash can be omitted.
FEEDING BEHAVIOUR OF THE PALES WEEVIL, HYLOBIUS PALES (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): I. SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS WITH LOBLOLLY PINE PHLOEM EXTRACTS
Authors: Thomas H. A. , White J. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA bioassay with elder pith wafers was developed to measure sustained feeding of the pales weevil, Hylobius pales (Herbst). Sucrose, fructose, glucose, and extracts of phloem of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were compared in three-choice experiments. Intensity of feeding indicated a synergistic effect occurred when sucrose and phloem lipid were present together. The non-polar or neutral lipid fraction of phloem stimulated more feeding than did the polar lipid fraction.
ARTHROPODS INHABITING THE SPOROPHORES OF FOMES FOMENTARIUS (POLYPORACEAE) IN GATINEAU PARK, QUEBEC
Authors: Matthewman W. G. , Pielou D. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe fauna of the sporophores of the perennial bracket fungus Fomes fomentarius (L. ex Fr.) Kickx were examined in a 3-year study. One species of molluscs and more than 152 species of arthropods excluding mites, representing 13 orders, 70 families, and 5400 individuals, emerged from or were found on or in, 1448 sporophores detached from dead birch trees; the sporophores were collected each year in Gatineau Park, Que., kept individually in screen-topped glass jars in a laboratory, and examined for several months. Mites, which were recorded quantitatively only in the final year, added 4 orders, 19 families, and 30 species to the preceding totals. Mites were the most frequently occurring and probably the most numerous arthropods, followed by Coleoptera, Psocoptera, Collembola, Hymenoptera, and Diptera.The key organisms of the fauna were five species of beetles that were primarily responsible for tunnelling and destruction of the sporophores and would therefore exert great influence on the composition of the community. Their tunnels provided shelter and food for many smaller arthropods or facilitated their feeding. Some beetle species tunnelled the sporophores for one season and others, for several, but many living sporophores and most dead ones tunnelled by beetles were tunnelled in the same season by more than one species of beetles.There was considerable latitude in types of sporophores inhabited by various arthropods but some species were particularly attracted to living or dead, to younger or older, and to smaller or larger, sporophores. Some species were also attracted to certain regions of the sporophore more than were other species.Possible economic implications of observations made in the study are discussed.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A PARASITE, TETRASTICHUS INCERTUS (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE), AND ITS HOST, THE ALFALFA WEEVIL, HYPERA POSTICA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), IN NEW YORK
Authors: Horn David J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTetrastichus incertus, a parasite of the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) larva, occurs throughout the northeastern United States, including almost all of New York. Field studies in 1967 and 1968 indicated that the parasite and its host were not closely synchronized in New York; the parasite was uncommon in June when hosts were abundant while the opposite was true in July. In 1966 and 1967, the proportion of parasites entering diapause increased throughout the summer, from 1–31% in June to 67–100% in September. Therefore, most parasites produced in June, when hosts were abundant, emerged in July when hosts were scarce. Winter mortality among parasites in diapause was high (51–64%) in field cages. The survivors of the overwintering generation of T. incertus constituted a small fraction of the annual production of parasites.In the laboratory the offspring of older T. incertus tended more to enter diapause than did the offspring of younger parasites. This indicated the incidence of diapause may be correlated with host availability; when hosts are uncommon, diapausing parasites are produced.Field and laboratory data indicated a ratio of one T. incertus to eight alfalfa weevil larvae would be necessary to achieve 50% parasitism of the host population. Such a host:parasite ratio never occurs when the hosts are common.
RESISTANCE OF HOUSE FLIES (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) IN FLORIDA TO TRICHLORFON AND DICHLORVOS FORMULATED IN SUGAR BAITS
Authors: Bailey Donald L. , LaBrecque G. C. , Whitfield T. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA statewide survey was made in Florida to determine the resistance of house flies, Musca domestica L., from 25 different locations throughout the state to trichlorfon and dichlorvos in dry sugar baits. When compared with susceptible flies (Orlando regular strain), the resistance to trichlorfon ranged from 2.5- to 135.0-fold in flies from dairies and from 5.0- to 310.0-fold in flies from poultries. The resistance level to dichlorvos was 1.0- to 22.5-fold in those fly strains collected in dairies and 2.3- to 16.6-fold in those collected in poultry houses.
DONNÉES BIOLOGIQUES D’UN BIOTYPE DU PUCERON DU POIS, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Bournoville R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA biotype of the pea aphid was characterized. Two host plants were used: broad bean and pea. It was found that the weight during the development, the survival of adults and their fecundity were better on broad bean as compared to pea.
COLLECTION OF THE PITCHERPLANT MOSQUITO, WYEOMYIA SMITHII (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE), FROM SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Burgess L. , Rempel J. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett) were collected in Saskatchewan from pitcher-plants in swamps near Nipawin, Little Sandy Lake, and Waskesiu. Pupae and adults also were collected at Nipawin. No trace of W. smithii was found in pitcher-plants in a swamp near Duck Lake. Inconclusive evidence was obtained concerning the presence of W. smithii in a pitcher-plant swamp at Prince Albert.
MORTALITY IN LARVAE OF EUXOA MESSORIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) COLLECTED FROM THE TOBACCO AREA OF ONTARIO
Authors: Bucher G. E. , Cheng H. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of the dark-sided cutworm were collected from trap plants of tobacco set in a field of rye at Delhi, Ont., in 1969. They were reared individually to pupation to determine the degree of survival and the causes of mortality from the fourth instar to maturity. About 36% pupated and the greatest amount of mortality was caused by insect parasitism, a microsporidial disease, and bacterial infection. Fungus and virus diseases were virtually absent. As adult females are capable of laying a large number of eggs, mortality in eggs and young larvae must reach at least 98% to maintain a stable population. Introduction of virus pathogens to attack larvae might well be expected to result in regulating the population at a lower density.
THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA COLLECTED FROM THE COMANDRA BLISTER RUST, CRONARTIUM COMANDRAE, ON LODGEPOLE PINE IN ALBERTA
Authors: Powell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOne hundred and sixty species of arthropods, representing 137 insects, 19 mites, and 4 spiders, were collected or reared from the cankers of the comandra blister rust, Cronartium comandrae Peck, on lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm., in southwestern Alberta. The insects damaged 40 to 60% of the cankers observed in any one year and reduced aeciospore production by 10%. Eleven orders of insects were represented, of which the Coleoptera (29 species), Lepidoptera (14), Diptera (21), and Hymenoptera (38) were the most important. Epuraea obliquus Hatch, Paracacoxenus guttatus Hardy and Wheeler, and a Mycodiplosis species appeared to be true mycetobionts. Several others which damaged the cankers, such as Pissodes schwarzi Hopk., Cylindrocopturus deleoni Buchanan, Ernobius sp., Corticaria sp., Bradysia spp., Dioryctria spp., Laspeyresia sp., Grapholitha sp. prob. caeruleana Wlshm., Eucordylea spp., Cinara spp., and Diapterobates principalis (Berlese) could be classied as mycetophiles. About half the species appeared to be mycetoxenes. New habitat or host information was obtained and several new species were collected. Several of the genera represented have been reported to occur on other pine stem rusts, which indicates that the rust cankers provide a suitable habitat for development.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ATTEMPTS ON POME FRUIT (APPLE AND PEAR) IN NORTH AMERICA, 1860–1970
Authors: LeRoux E. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBiological control attempts on pome fruit in North America, 1860–1970, are summarized and successes and failures reviewed. In all cases, save two, claims in support of successes are lacking. It is concluded that a modern research approach to the study of biological control—including a study of the population dynamics of the host species and of the biotic agent used in control—must be taken. Claims of successes of biotic agents—parasites and predators—in control of pome fruit insect pest populations (stage or generation) must be supported by quantitative multifactor studies. Otherwise the scientific requirements and exigencies (e.g. manipulation of biotic agents with predictability) will not be satisfied.
ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF PARASITOIDS ON THE SWAINE JACK PINE SAWFLY, NEODIPRION SWAINEI (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE), AND PARASITOID IMPACT ON THE HOST
Authors: Price Peter W. , Tripp Howard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractField studies enabled the identification of some limiting factors to which parasitoids were exposed in exploiting the sawfly host, Neodiprion swainei Middleton, and aspects of their quantitative and qualitative impact on the host population. Emergence patterns and flight activity of parasitoids in the spring indicated that larval parasitoids were vulnerable to hyperparasitism by cocoon parasitoids. Although cocoon parasitoids were limited by a shortage of time in which to exploit the host in the spring they still reduced the overwintered host population by 66% in 1969. All forms of predation caused less than 10% sawfly mortality so parasitoids formed the major mortality factor in the spring. Sawfly in prolonged diapause appeared to be immune from cocoon parasitoid attack and thereby efficiency of these parasitoids was limited. However, cocoon parasitoid activity was selective on sawfly that would normally have emerged early in the season and thus delayed the average development of the host population. The complex food web based on the sawfly host provided a sensitive buffering mechanism to produce a degree of stability in the host–parasitoid interaction. The composition of the parasitoid faunae before and after establishment in N. swainei populations of the introduced Pleolophus basizonus (Gravenhorst) indicates the rapidity with which the parasitoid became influential in the complex.
A CANADIAN SPECIES OF SUSANA ON WESTERN JUNIPER (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Wong H. R. , Milliron H. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFemale and larva of the new sawfly Susana fuscala are described and illustrated, based on specimens collected in British Columbia. The new species, feeding on the foliage of Juniperus scopulorum Sargent, is separated from the other six Nearctic species.
SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN THE PUPAE AND ADULTS OF IPS SEXDENTATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Al-Rabiai Suad 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdult sexing characters were found by comparing the arrangements of spines on the elytral declivity. Callows were distinguished by observing the male vas deferens through the semi-transparent pronotum. In pupae, sexing characters were found to be located in the posterior abdominal segment of both sexes.
SPECIES OFDICHROOSCYTUSFOUND IN CANADA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour new species ofDichrooscytusFieber are described:flagellatusandrufusculusfrom British Columbia, androstratusandrubidusfrom Alberta and British Columbia. New records for Canada are:convexifronsKnight,flavescensKnight,irroratusVan Duzee,latifronsKnight,rainieriKnight,ruberellusKnight, andrufipennisFallen. Key to species, additional records on distribution and host plants, and illustrations of the male genitalia of all the species occurring in Canada are presented.