bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twelve month outcome of manual small-incision cataract surgery in Assiut, Egypt
Authors: Shehata Mohamed , M. Aly Mohamed Omar , A. Saleh Mohamed Gamal , Abdel-Radi Mahmoud 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
To assess the visual outcome of manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) as well as safety, cost, and time of the procedure.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective study involving candidates for cataract surgery with baseline-corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) ≤20/120. Visual acuity (VA) was the primary outcome measure while surgical complications, cost, and time of surgery were the secondary outcome measures. Follow-up visits were scheduled at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and at 6 and 12 months following surgery.

RESULTS:
The study enrolled 3007 patients with a mean age of 66.45 ± 17.3 years. Out of 3007 patients, 2774 (92.2%) were legally blind before surgery (CDVA <20/200) which was significantly reduced to 55 patients (1.9%) by 1 month following surgery. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/60 or better in 2098 eyes (69.8%) at 1 month, in 2035 eyes (67.7%) at 6 months, and in 2017 eyes (67.1%) at 12 months. The posterior capsular rupture was the most common intraoperative complication. Corneal edema was the most common immediate postoperative complication while the development of posterior capsular opacification was the leading cause for later impaired VA. The mean cost was approximately equivalent to 20 US dollars. The median duration of surgery was 10 min.

CONCLUSION:
MSICS is a safe, cost-effective, and time-saving technique for improving the vision of cataract patients in areas with high cataract surgery volume and limited facilities.
Mitigation of photoreceptors abnormalities after low-level laser therapy and chia seeds supplementation in experimental diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Hassan Mahmoud Abdel Rahman , Abdelkawi Salwa Ahmed , Ghoneim Dina Fouad , Hassan Aziza Ahmed , Morsy Mona Ebrahim 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
This study aimed to assess the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and chia seeds on the mitigation of photoreceptors abnormalities in experimental diabetic retinopathy (DR).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of 65 female Wistar rats, 5 rats were served as a control group and 60 rats were injected intraperitoneally with one dose of 55 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce DR after 6–8 weeks. The rats were divided into (n = 20 rats each): (a) DR group: did not receive any treatment, (b) DR+ LLLT group was exposed to 670-nm LLLT for 6 weeks (two sessions/week), and (c) DR+ LLLT+ chia seed group, in which rats were exposed to LLLT and administrated with 250 mg/kg/day of chia seeds flour for 2 weeks before STZ injection and continued to the end of the experiment. Blood glucose (BG) levels and retinal histological examination were employed after 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks.

RESULTS:
The BG level in the DR group and the treated groups were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in the control group after the four-time periods. Chia seeds group exhibited BG levels less than the DR and the DR+ LLLT groups after 6 weeks (P < 0.01). LLLT improved the degeneration of the photoreceptors after 6 weeks of treatment, while LLLT+ chia seeds supplementation showed early photoreceptors improvement after 2 weeks.

CONCLUSION:
The early improvement in the photoreceptors after LLLT+ chia seed may be attributed to the potent antioxidant properties of chia seeds. Therefore, the combination between LLLT and chia seeds should be employed to protect the retinal photoreceptors against DR.
Dental health-care professionals' awareness and knowledge of sterilization and disinfection practices for new, unused endodontic files and gutta-percha in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Merdad Khalid , Alnaffaie Maram , Balbaid Rawan , Nakity Asmaa , Alghamdi Faisal , Sabbahi Dania , Al Nazhan Saad 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The proper protocol for the sterilization of instruments is essential in dental practice; especially because some clinicians think that new files directly from the manufacturers are already sterile and can be used directly on patients without the standard sterilization. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the dental levels of professionals and their auxiliary staffs concerning awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about sterilizing endodontic instruments and gutta-percha.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, using an online, randomly distributed survey for dental health-care practitioners. The survey questions were about the participants' demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about sterilization techniques for endodontic files and gutta-percha. Data analysis consisted of simple descriptive statistics presented in frequency tables and percentages.

Results:
Of the 197 dental health-care practitioners surveyed, the majority (84.7%) stated that they use files directly from the manufacturer's packages, while only 15.3% reported sterilizing the new endodontic files before using them with patients. As for gutta-percha, 23.4% of the participants answered that they disinfected it before obturation. About 60% of the participants were unaware that the sterilization's expiry date was printed on the endodontic file packages.

Conclusions:
The results indicated that the majority of dental practitioners and students do not practice an effective sterilization protocol for endodontic files and gutta-percha. Based on these results, this study recommends that more education about sterilization protocols should be added to the infection control curriculum.
Elucidating the pathogenicity, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 – Part II
Authors: Khatri Monisha Parshotam , Mahalaxmi Sekar 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
After throwing light on COVID-19 infection, its transmission, available treatment options in Part I, this article has focused on various preventive measures proposed to deal with the disease.

Aim:
The Part II of this review article aimed to provide the different measures advocated to prevent COVID-19.

Methods:
An electronic search was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar databases with the keywords "Corona virus, COVID-19, World Health Organization, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, SARS-CoV-2, Prevention, Vaccines" from January 2017 to August 2022.

Results:
A total of 42 articles were included in the current review.

Conclusion:
The theoretical evidence does advocate the use of vaccines to be good candidates, but practically, no guarantee can be given that an individual will never be infected. One needs to take personal precautions such as hand sanitizing, wearing a mask in public places, and maintaining social distancing till a permanent cure is procured.
Ambidextrous Leadership On Innovation Performance : The Mediating Role of Employee Creativity At PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Jatimbalinus
Authors: Yudha Pratama Tegar , Kistyanto Anang 
Published: May 2024

Research Aims: This study aims to test and analyze the effect of ambidextrous leadership on innovation performance with employee creativity as an intervening variable.
Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a quantitative approach involving 48 employees at PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Jatimbalinus Retail Function SBM Lamongan Gresik. The sampling technique used a saturated sample of 48 respondents. The statistical analysis used in this research is SEM PLS with the help of SmartPLS 3.2.9 software.
Research Findings: The findings of this study indicate that ambidextrous leadership has no significant effect on innovation performance. Ambidextrous leadership has a significant positive effect on employee creativity. Employee creativity has a significant positive effect on innovation performance. Employee creativity in this study can mediate the influence of ambidextrous leadership and innovation performance.
Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This research provides new insights into ambidextrous leadership on innovation performance through employee creativity.
Keywords: Ambidextrous leadership, innovation performance, employee creativity
Teacher Training Program on Secondary Mathematics and Science Teachers’ Attitude and Confidence of Teaching
Authors: Sibomana Aimable , Mukagihana Josiane , Ndiritu Joseph 
Published: May 2024

When teachers are confident in their ability to teach Mathematics and Science, it can inspire students to have confidence in their own abilities. Students are more likely to engage with and enjoy these subjects when they see their teacher's interest and belief in the material. This study aiming at exploring teachers' confidence of teaching Mathematics and science as result of Continuous Professional Development (CPD) by the African Institute for Mathematical Science (AIMS Rwanda) through its Teacher Training Program (AIMS-TTP). It employed an ex-post facto research design targeting 351 secondary school teachers. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship (p<0.05) between AIMS-TTP interventions and teachers’ confidence to teach Mathematics and science. Besides, linear regression model indicated that the dependent variable Teachers’ Confidence to teach Mathematics and science was regressed on predicting variables of improved capacity to plan, adapting teaching to the level of learners, ICT integrated in teaching and learning; learning from peers; addressing cross-cutting issues; effective implementation of the competence-based curriculum (CBC); and the application of bloom’s taxonomy. The independent variables significantly predict teachers’ confidence of teaching Mathematics and science, F (7,326) =183.843, p<0.001, which indicates that the factors under study have a significant impact on teachers’ confidence of teaching Mathematics and science. Moreover, the findings (Adjusted R2 =0.822, F (8, 342) = 197.055, p= 0.000 p<0.05) indicated that 82.2 % of the variance in improved teachers’ attitude in teaching Mathematics and science evidences a significant influence on the total variance. Our research suggests that policy makers should consider developing and endorsing training on innovative teaching and learning methods to boost teachers’ confidence and attitude when it comes to instructing Mathematics and science at basic levels. Trainings should also be extended to Technical Secondary School (TSS) STEM teachers.

Received: 11 March 2024 | Revised: 30 April 2024 | Accepted: 20 May 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The data supporting the findings are not accessible to the public because of confidentiality. However, anonymized data can be obtained from the author upon reasonable request.
ON THE 35TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE OSH REGIONAL PATHOLOGY BUREAU OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors: Мамадыев Б. 
Published: May 2024

Цель. Раскрыть время образования, этапы и пути развития, совершенствования, связь с кафедрой гистологии и патанатомии ОшГУ.
Максаты. ОшМУнун гистология жана патаанатомия кафедрасы менен байланышын, өнүгүү этаптарын жана жолдорун ачып берүү.
Goal. To reveal the time of education, stages and ways of development improvement connection with the Department of Histology and Pathological Anatomy of Osh GU.
Crossbreeding experiment on Indonesian local rabbits: the heterosis effect on growth performance
Authors: Setiaji Asep , Lestari Dela Ayu , Pandupuspitasari Nuruliarizki Shinta , Agusetyaningsih Ikania , Sutopo Sutopo , Kurnianto Edy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The study aims to investigate the heterosis effect of crossing two imported rabbits with local rabbits on growth characteristics and performance using a nonlinear regression model. The study utilized three rabbit breeds: Flemish Giant rabbits (F), Rex rabbits (R), and Indonesian local rabbits (L). Selective breeding consisted of three breeds: F (FF), R (RR), and L (LL). Two crosses were formed between the male ancestors of L and the respective female ancestors of F (LF) and R (LR). Each offspring's body weight (BW) was measured every 3 d starting from birth. FF exhibited the highest BW among purebred animals. The LF crossbreed had a greater estimated mature weight compared with purebred animals. The predicted mature live weight of the asymptotic value for LR animals was higher than for LL rabbits but lower than for RR rabbits. The heterosis effect was lower when crossing L and F animals compared with crossing L and R animals. The average heterosis impact values were 4.68 for LF and 15.32 for LR. LF rabbits showed superior heterosis effects when the growth parameter and inflection point were determined using a logistic model. This study emphasizes the use of strategic breeding to optimize rabbit growth and performance by offering detailed insights into growth dynamics and heterosis effects in different crossbreeding situations.
Southern Ocean phytoplankton under climate change: a shifting balance of bottom-up and top-down control
Authors: Xue Tianfei , Terhaar Jens , Prowe A. E. Friederike , Frölicher Thomas L. , Oschlies Andreas , Frenger Ivy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Phytoplankton form the base of the marine food web by transforming CO2 into organic carbon via photosynthesis. Despite the importance of phytoplankton for marine ecosystems and global carbon cycling, projections of phytoplankton biomass in response to climate change differ strongly across Earth system models, illustrating uncertainty in our understanding of the underlying processes. Differences are especially large in the Southern Ocean, a region that is notoriously difficult to represent in models. Here, we argue that total (depth-integrated) phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean is projected to largely remain unchanged under climate change by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) multi-model ensemble because of a shifting balance of bottom-up and top-down processes driven by a shoaling mixed-layer depth. A shallower mixed layer is projected on average to improve growth conditions, consequently weaken bottom-up control, and confine phytoplankton closer to the surface. An increase in the phytoplankton concentration promotes zooplankton grazing efficiency, thus intensifying top-down control. However, large differences across the model ensemble exist, with some models simulating a decrease in surface phytoplankton concentrations. To reduce uncertainties in projections of surface phytoplankton concentrations, we employ an emergent constraint approach using the observed sensitivity of surface chlorophyll concentration, taken as an observable proxy for phytoplankton, to seasonal changes in the mixed-layer depth as an indicator for future changes in surface phytoplankton concentrations. The emergent constraint reduces uncertainties in surface phytoplankton concentration projections by around one-third and increases confidence that surface phytoplankton concentrations will indeed rise due to shoaling mixed layers under global warming, thus favouring intensified top-down control. Overall, our results suggest that while changes in bottom-up conditions stimulate enhanced growth, intensified top-down control opposes an increase in phytoplankton and becomes increasingly important for the phytoplankton response to climate change in the Southern Ocean.
PREVALENCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BACTERIA FROM USED TOOTHBRUSHES OF STUDENTS RESIDING IN HALL I AND II UNIVERSITY OF BENIN
Authors: Osumah R. O. , Uzama-Avenbuan O. 
Published: May 2024

Used toothbrushes are reservoirs for varieties of bacteria that are implicated in human disease transmission. Personal oral hygiene and removal of plaque are important roles played by the use of toothbrushes in an act endorsed for oral hygiene resolution and ubiquitously practiced in developing and developed Nations. The study aims to evaluate the prevalence and susceptibility of bacteria present in used toothbrushes of students residing in Halls I and II, University of Benin. New toothbrushes ninety (90) were bought and forty-five (45) each were distributed to students in each hall of residence, these toothbrushes were used for one month and collected for bacteria analysis. Standard bacteriological procedures were observed for the analysis. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 computer software package. Independent t-test was used to find the differences between the two variables. The value of p< 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant. Heavy bacteria contamination was associated with used toothbrushes while no bacteria contamination in the unused ones, which serves as a control. Klebsiella species 16 (35.53 %), and 19 (42.2 %) were more prevalent than coagulase-negative staphylococci species 2 (4.4 %) and 2(4.4 %) respectively from both halls. All the toothbrushes analyzed in this study had bacteria contaminates that are known to harm human health, contributing significantly to the spread of diseases, and increasing infection risks. Establishing a high aseptic protocol, storage, and management be encouraged in tertiary institution halls of residence as the incidence of these oral bacteria and individual health risks will be minimized.
(Un)likely Allies: Public Theology and Theological Interpretation in Conversation
Authors: Parker Dylan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Theological interpretation of Scripture and public theology have so far said very little to one another. To a certain extent, this is understandable, as the two are involved in separate projects with differing priorities and questions. However, a mutually beneficial dialogue is possible. Public theology has yet to devote significant attention to the role of Scripture in public engagement and theological interpretation provides a framework better suited than historical criticism for allowing the Bible to speak to current situations. In return, public theology can help theological interpretation to clarify the public nature of the ecclesial community through the development of a public ecclesiology in order to better hear the voice of God in Scripture through a more holistic theological reading, one with a thicker defense against ecclesial tendencies toward authoritarianism and privatism. In establishing the possibility of a mutually beneficial relationship, this article provides a rationale for the relationship between public theology and theological interpretation to begin outright.
Sustentabilidade de agroecossistema para a convivência com o semiárido em Sergipe
Authors: Oliveira de Almeida Ana Cristina , Lima de Andrade Horasa Maria , Pires de Andrade Luciano 
Published: May 2024

A região semiárida brasileira apresenta características sociais, econômicas, ambientais e políticas próprias, que sugerem uma análise aprofundada de como esta região tem se desenvolvido frente às potencialidades, fraquezas e desafios. Como objetivo deste estudo, buscou-se caracterizar e analisar um agroecossistema no semiárido sergipano para identificar quais as estratégias aplicadas e os desafios para a convivência com o semiárido. O presente estudo de caso teve como metodologia aplicada a análise qualitativa e quantitativa, utilizando o Método de Avaliação Econômico-Ecológica de Agroecossistemas (LUME), com realização de entrevista semiestruturada e ferramentas participativas. O estudo apresentou a caracterização do agroecossistema em questão como acesso à água, conservação da agrobiodiversidade, fontes de renda, protagonismo das mulheres e juventude. Como resultado da análise qualitativa do agroecossistema estudado, foram atribuídos valores médios aos parâmetros autonomia, responsividade, integração social, protagonismo das mulheres e protagonismos da juventude, indicando haver sustentabilidade quanto às práticas de manejo empregadas pelo NSGA.
A latent class analysis of dietary intake in a midwestern United States pregnancy cohort
Authors: Jampa Alekhya , Moss Kevin L , Flannery Kathleen M , Proctor Cathy , Winchester Paul , Daggy Joanne K , Monahan Patrick O , Haas David M. 
Published: May 2024

Objective To use dietary self-reported data in a United States Midwest pregnancy cohort to characterize patterns of food consumption in pregnancy. Methods Using a Midwest US pregnancy cohort, a self-reported food questionnaire completed in pregnancy characterized food consumed within the last week. The 89 different foods in 14 categories were analyzed, as well as the percentage of each food that was consumed that was organic. Using a latent class analysis, individuals were assigned to classes based on healthy and organic food reported. Sociodemographic characteristics were compared between the classes. Results The 359 participants completing surveys were placed into 3 classes: I (healthy diet, higher organic, 23.4%)), II (healthy diet, lower organic, 42.6%), and III (less healthy diet, 34.0%). Individuals in each class demonstrated significant differences in multiple demographic and socioeconomic characteristics including race, age, marital status, educational attainment, income, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Conclusion A latent class analysis of self-reported dietary consumption yielded 3 classes that can be utilized in analyses of herbicide concentrations and adverse pregnancy outcomes. They may also serve as a screening aid in helping providers with dietary recommendations or interventions to optimize pregnancy outcomes.
Private Equity in India Fintech: A Lifecycle Analysis
Authors:   Department of Finance, Shanti busiess school, Ahmedabad (Gujarat), India., Gohil Dr. Raviraj Karmvir 
Published: May 2024

Over the past two and a half decades, India's venture capital and private equity industry have undergone significant growth, driven by the liberalization of the Indian economy and the emergence of a dynamic start-up ecosystem. While the Fintech sector has been preferred for VCPE investments, research on private equity activity in this industry has been limited. This study aims to address this research gap by providing comprehensive insights into the lifecycle of private equity investments in the Fintech industry in India. The study examines private equity investment and exit activity in the Indian Fintech industry between 1998 and Q1 2023. Our research findings indicate that the Fintech industry in India has attracted considerable investments at notably higher entry valuation multiples. Moreover, a few sectors within the industry have garnered higher investments and valuation multiples. Private equity investors have generated significant returns from exits in the Fintech industry, with M&As being the preferred exit route during the study period. However, our analysis indicates that exit valuation multiples were lower than entry multiples. This research provides valuable insights for investors and entrepreneurs seeking to understand the Indian Fintech industry and its potential for private equity investments. Three item lists of highlights •	Private equity investment in Fintech is significant, with the majority of investments occurring in the seed and early stages. •	The software and apps, personal finance, and insurance sectors generated the highest cash flows for exited deals in Fintech. •	Mergers and acquisitions were the most preferred exit routes for private equity investors in the Fintech space