bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure Specificity of Nanocrystalline Praseodymia Doped Ceria
Authors: Sadykov Vladislav A. , Voronin V.I. , Petrov A. N. , Frolova Yu. V. , Kriventsov V.V. , Kochubei D.I. , Zaikovskii V. I. , Borchert H. , Neophytides S. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe features of the structure of nanorystalline Ce1-xPrxO2-y system (0 ≤ × ≤ 0.5) prepared via a complex polymerized precursor (Pechini) route have been elucidated by using a combination of spectroscopic (XANES, XPS) and structural (TEM, neutron diffraction) methods. Within the studied range of composition, the structure of all samples air annealed at 500 °C corresponds to single-phase fluorite-like solid solution. The relative content of Pr3+ both in the bulk and in the surface layer appears to be as high as 20–50%. The Rietveld refinement revealed non-monotonous variation of structural parameters (lattice parameter, domain size, microstrain density, Ce-O and O-O distances) and residual lattice hydroxyls concentration with Pr content. Clustering of defects along with variation of the mean Pr cation radius/charge state and disordering of the surface layer/ domain boundaries appear to be responsible for the observed features.
Synthesis and Electrical Property of VO2 (M) Nanorods
Authors: Chen W. , Mai L. Q. , Qi Y. Y. , Yu H. , Peng J. F. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTVO2 (M) nanorods have been synthesized and the morphology and structure of the sample were characterized by XRD, SEM, and HRTEM. The results show that for VO2 (M) nanorods, the transition temperature is 65 °C and the hysteresis loop width is 8 °C. The active energy of low temperature semiconducting phase is 0.2eV, which indicates that its Fermi energy level situates on the middle energy level of the forbidden-band. The doping of Mo6+ decreases its transition temperature.
Feasibility of immobilizing fluorinated pyrochemical reprocessing salts in a glass-ceramic matrix
Authors: Grandjean Agnès 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTSpent fuel reprocessing by an innovative reductive extraction process in a molten fluoride medium (LiF/AlF3) is now being evaluated; in this hypothesis, all the unrecoverable fission products would be conditioned as fluorides. A preliminary study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of incorporating these fluorides by melting in a glass-ceramic matrix. The containment matrix for the fluorinated waste stream was selected after examining the consequences of fluorinated compounds on the vitreous state and on the physical and chemical properties of the melt and the solidified glass. The presence of fluorinated compounds in the raw materials used to produce the vitreous material raises the problem of the volatility of some fluorides, of their solubility in the melt, and of possible crystallization of the material.
Femtosecond laser induced phenomena in glasses and photonic device applications
Authors: Hirao Kazuyuki , Shimotsuma Yasuhiko , Qiu Jianrong , Miura Kiyotaka 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTFemtosecond laser is a perfect laser source for materials processing when high accuracy and small structure size are required. Due to the ultra short interaction time and the high peak power, the process is generally characterized by the absence of heat diffusion and, consequently molten layers. Various induced structures have been observed inside glasses after the femtosecond laser irradiation. Here, we report the refractive index change, space-selective valence state manipulation of active ions, nano-grating and precipitation control of nanoparticles by a femtosecond laser in glasses. The mechanisms of the observed phenomena were also discussed.
Photonic Crystal Templates Obtained by Two-Photon Laser Lithography in Photoresist SU-8
Authors: Mizeikis Vygantas , Seet Kock Khuen , Juodkazis Saulius , Jarutis Vygandas , Misawa Hiroaki 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTHigh quality templates of three-dimensional photonic crystals were fabricated in photoresist SU-8 using femtosecond laser lithography. The templates have woodpile and spiral architectures, which are widely expected to yield spectrally wide and robust photonic band gaps. Their optical characterization reveals fundamental and higher-order photonic stop-gaps in the infrared wavelength range of 2.0–8.0 μm. These templates are mechanically stable, nearly free of shrinkage-related deformations, and can be used for subsequent infiltration by optically active or high refractive index materials.
Implantation of Poly(ethyl acrylate) in Mesoporus Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) Microspheres as a Particulate Sound Absorbent
Authors: Ng Yeap Hung , Hong Liang 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTPorous microspheres of poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (SD) have been synthesized by suspension polymerization. They present a narrow porosity gap (21–24%) and a mean pore-radius range (106–117 Å). The mesoporous voids are then made use as the polymerization reactor for ethyl acrylate (EA), and as a result of the embedded polymerization, linear EA formed is trapped inside the individual particles (SD-EA), and its Tg is brought up to as high as the ambient temperature. Two specific loadings of EA were attained: 11% and 28% by weight. The acoustic absorption behaviors of SD-EA and SD microspheres are assessed by the attenuation coefficient (a = IAttenuated/IIncidence), in which the incident acoustic waves are two arbitrary audio frequency bands, 100–1000 Hz and 4000–5000Hz. In contrast to porous SD microspheres, SD-EA microspheres apparently relax the incident frequencies and attenuate more effectively the higher frequency sound waves. The maximum attenuation level (a) of SD-EA absorbent is about 80% (dB). It was found that the higher EA loading could improve rather slightly the attenuation level in the higher frequency range.
The Decay of Communism: Managing Spent Nuclear Fuel in the Soviet Union, 1937‐1991
Authors: Högselius Per 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe aim of this article is to explore the dynamics of spent nuclear fuel management in the Soviet Union, from the origins of nuclear engineering in the 1930s to the collapse of the country in 1991. Spent nuclear fuel is analyzed in relation to other components of what is referred to as the “nuclear fuel system,” such as nuclear weapons production, breeder reactor development, uranium enrichment, and the operation of nuclear power plants. The article shows that spent fuel management in the Soviet Union centered on military applications from the 1940s up to the 1960s, after which enormous efforts were devoted to exploiting military competencies for civil purposes. A “tandem” system was partly realized in this context, in which spent fuel from VVER nuclear power plants, submarine reactors, and research installations was reprocessed and used for the production of RBMK (Chernobyl‐type) fuel. The plutonium gained did not find any use, however, due to failures in fast breeder developments. RBMK spent fuel was not reprocessed. The Soviets never officially discussed the option of direct disposal of RBMK fuel and strictly distinguished between “spent fuel” and “nuclear waste.” Facing stagnation in reprocessing and breeder technology, the development came to focus increasingly on expanding interim storage capacities. But far‐reaching R&D efforts in the field of nuclear waste management and storage methods meant that the Soviet Union, at the time of its collapse, had accumulated a considerable competence that might turn out to be of great value, should a direct disposal strategy be officially considered in the future.
Body mass and fat score changes in recaptured birds during the autumn migration at the Cernek ringing station in Turkey
Authors: Erciyas Kiraz , Gürsoy Arzu , Özsemir A. , Barış Y. 
Published: April 2011

Body mass and fat score changes in recaptured birds during the autumn migration at the Cernek ringing station in Turkey
The fat level and the body mass of recaptured birds ringed at the Cernek Ringing Station are presented in this study. Data from autumns of 2003-2005 were analysed. Species of different migratory and feeding habits are compared. A total of 351 recaptures of the Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla), Garden Warbler (S. borin), Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus), Marsh Warbler (A. palustris) and Cetti's Warbler (Cettia cetti) were mist-netted and handled according to the South-East European Bird Migration Network (SEEN) standards.
The mean weight changes of the Reed Warbler and Marsh Warbler and those of the Blackcap and Garden Warbler were similar within each genus but higher in Sylvia spp. as compared to Acrocephalus spp. The recapture rate was the highest in the Cetti's Warbler but the mean weight increase was the lowest as this is essentially a sedentary species. The stopover duration differed among the species. The mean stopover length was similar within Acrocephalus spp. (8.5 days in the Reed Warbler, 6.4 days in the Marsh Warbler) and Sylvia spp. (5.6 days in the Blackcap, 5.4 days in the Garden Warbler) and different in the Cetti's Warbler (16.6 days).
Results indicate that migratory birds use Cernek location as refuelling station during the autumn migration and their fat level and body mass increase, but differ according to feeding and migrating habits.
Siliciclastics in the Upper Triassic dolomite formations of the Krížna Unit (Malá Fatra Mountains, Western Carpathians): constraints for the Carnian Pluvial Event in the Fatric Basin
Authors: Sýkora Milan , Siblík Miloš , Soták Ján 
Published: April 2011

Siliciclastics in the Upper Triassic dolomite formations of the Krížna Unit (Malá Fatra Mountains, Western Carpathians): constraints for the Carnian Pluvial Event in the Fatric Basin
The Upper Triassic carbonates of the Krížna Unit in the eastern part of the Krivánska Malá Fatra Mts contain the unique siliciclastic interbeds. They are developed between the Ramsau Dolomite Formation and the Hauptdolomite Formation, and comprise alternating dark grey shales and pale grey dolomites. Such a shaly-dolomite formation is unknown from the Upper Triassic formations of the Krížna Unit, which makes it possible to define a new lithostratigraphic unit (Tržinovo Formation). The Ramsau Dolomites beneath the Tržinovo Formation contain microfauna of Carnian foraminifers. Therefore, the Carnian age has also been constrained for the Tržinovo Formation, which by the reduced carbonate productivity and enhanced terrigenous influx could be related to the Reingraben Event. This event related to the "Carnian Pluvial Episode" is also inferred in the Tržinovo Formation by the presence of lingulide brachiopods (Lingularia) and spinicaudatan crustaceans (Euestheria). This fauna provides evidence of not fully marine conditions of the Tržinovo Formation, influenced by continental freshwater influx and humid climate.
A new method for determining the concentration of vanadyl ions in clays
Authors: Premović Pavle , Ilić Budimir , Đorđević Dragan 
Published: April 2011

A new method for determining the concentration of vanadyl ions in claysA novel and simple method for quantitatively determining the concentration of vanadyl ions in clays using electron spin resonance data has been developed. Several vanadyl standards with concentrations between 200-1000 ppm were prepared in a mixture of glycerol and kaolinite (KGa-2). The anisotropic electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra were recorded at room temperature, and the specific intensity of the line (attributed to nuclear spin m = -5/2||) was determined. For vanadyl concentrations between 50 ppm and 200 ppm, the standards must be prepared by mixing kaolinite with known vanadyl content (FBT2A-03) and kaolinite (GB1) containing no vanadyl. The method is applicable without modification to other clays and clay-rich sediments containing vanadyl ions. The whole procedure is very suitable for routine work.
Mathematical modelling of tube heat exchangers with complex flow arrangement
Authors: Taler Dawid , Trojan Marcin , Taler Jan 
Published: April 2011

Mathematical modelling of tube heat exchangers with complex flow arrangementGeneral principles of mathematical modelling of transient heat transfer in cross-flow tube heat exchangers with complex flow arrangements which allow a simulation of multipass heat exchangers with many tube rows are presented. First, a system of differential equations for the transient temperature of both fluids and the tube wall with appropriate boundary and initial conditions is formulated. Two methods for modelling heat exchangers are developed using the finite difference method and finite volume method. A numerical model of multipass steam superheater with twelve passes is presented. The calculation results are compared with the experimental data.
Rectifying the Tooth Preparation Errors in All-Ceramic Restorations
Authors: Shetty Rohit , Bhat Sonia , Srivatsa G 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
All-ceramic restorations have been used for long as restorative material in dentistry. However, the recent advances in both the material and technology of all-ceramic have made them a more viable treatment option. Several practitioners hesitate in giving this option to patient for fear of failure. This article describes all the failures of all-ceramic material and how to prevent them. In particular, the article highlights various errors that clinicians make while preparing tooth to receive all-ceramic restorations and how to rectify them.
The Weak Link in Endodontics: Gutta-Percha—A Need for Change
Authors: Khatavkar Roheet A , Hegde Vivek S 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
The use of gutta-percha as a standard obturation material over more than 100 years has made little changes in the obturation technique. With the advent of bonding and composite resins as a routine restorative material, the concept of bonded obturation has come into picture. The Resilon-Epiphany system has brought about a paradigm shift in the conventional obturation technique. This article explores the possibilities of the material as a replacement for gutta-percha. It also discusses the currently available forms of the material and a clinical case depicting its use.
Monitoring the effects of selective laser sintering (SLS) build parameters on polyamide using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Beard M. A. , Ghita O. R. , Evans K. E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNear infrared spectroscopy has been used to monitor the effects of changing build parameters on the sintering process of selective laser sintering components. The surface roughness of the parts produced has been studied whilst modifying laser scan speed and laser power build parameters. Near infrared spectroscopy is shown to be a powerful tool in detecting subtle variations in the coalescence of particles that form the surface topology of the component. Principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the diffuse reflectance spectra obtained from the surface of the components shows a strong correlation between near infrared (NIR) spectra and build parameters. Using the chemometric model produced from the PCA analysis it is possible to calculate build parameters for unknown components, making NIR a useful aid for quality control of additive manufacturing technologies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
About the SDS inclusion in PDMS/TEOS ORMOSIL: a vibrational spectroscopy and confocal Raman scattering study
Authors: Paschoal A. R. , Ayala A. P. , Pinto R. C. F. , Paschoal C. W. A. , Tanaka A. A. , Boaventura Filho J. S. , José N. M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOrganically modified silicates (ORMOSILs) are attractive materials due to their vast applicability and easy synthesis. The doping of these materials with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is interesting in the search for good protonic conductors. The inclusion of different concentrations of SDS in ORMOSIL membranes is investigated in the present work using Raman and infrared spectroscopy, confocal Raman microscopy and confocal imaging microscopy. The spectroscopic measurements allow us to assign the vibrational modes to the chemical groups of the structures of SDS and ORMOSIL. Furthermore, these measurements show that these materials are composites, as no interactions are observed between the SDS and the ORMOSIL matrix. The confocal Raman and confocal imaging techniques are useful to study qualitatively the SDS insertion on the surface of ORMOSIL. It was observed that the SDS sizes are very nonuniform. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PICK‐UP OF INSECTICIDE THROUGH DIFFERENT PAIRS OF HOUSE FLY TARSI
Authors: QADRI S. H. , NAIDU M. B. 
Published: April 2011

A technique for the controlled exposure of active house flies to insecticide deposits is described.The relative susceptibility of different pairs of house fly tarsi has been studied by exposing Quick Fix‐coated insects (at tarsi) to heptachlor residues (2 and 4% concentrations) on glass panels. The exposure time required to produce 50% kill in the flies with the 2nd pair of tarsi covered was much longer than required by those with the 3rd pair of tarsi coated. Least exposure time was required in flies with the 1st pair of tarsi coated with quick fix. Similarly when exposure time was determined for two pairs coated at a time (1st and 3rd, 1st and 2nd, and 2nd and 3rd pairs of tarsi) the order of exposure times was respectively increased. The second pair of legs was found to play an important part in the pick‐up of the insecticide as compared to the 1st and 3rd pairs of legs of the house fly.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGUNTERSCHIEDLICHE AUFNAHME VON INSEKTIZIDEN DURCH DIE EINZELNEN BEINPAARE DER STUBENFLIEGEDie Arbeit stellt die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung über die Empfindlichkeit verschiedener Tarsenpaare der Stubenfliege (Musca domestica nebulo) gegenüber Heptachlor‐Rückständen auf Glas dar. Eine methodische Verbesserung besteht dabei in der Bestimmung ihrer Empfindlichkeit in intaktem Zustand, indem eine Klebmasse, genannt Klebfix (eine Handelsbezeichnung für ein von Wembleys Laboratorien, Dehle, hergestelltes Haftmittel), benutzt wurde, die auf ein einzelnes Paar oder auf zwei Paare der Tarsen gleichzeitig aufgetragen wurde.Ein Verfahren zum kontrollierten Aussetzen aktiv beweglicher Stubenfliegen auf Heptachlor‐Niederschlägen wird beschrieben.Die Fliegen wurden den Rückständen in zwei Versuchsserien ausgesetzt; in der ersten Serie wurden allen benutzten Fliegen ein Tarsenpaar verklebt, dagegen in der zweiten zwei Paare gleichzeitig. In der ersten Versuchsserie war die zur Erreichung 50%iger Mortalität erforderliche Expositionszeit anscheinend länger bei Fliegen, deren 2. Tarsenpaar mit Klebfix bedeckt war, als bei solchen, deren 3. bzw. 1. Tarsenpaar mit Klebfix verschmiert war. Dagegen erforderten in der zweiten Versuchsserie Fliegen mit durch Klebfix bedecktem 2. und 3. Tarsenpaar längere Zeit zur Erreichung der 50%‐Absterbequote als solche mit 1. und 2. bzw. 1. und 3. verklebtem Tarsenpaar.Auf Grund dieses Gesamtbefundes wird festgestellt, daß das 2. Beinpaar der Stubenfliege bei der Aufnahme von Insektiziden vergleichsweise eine wichtigere Rolle spielt als das 1. und 3. Beinpaar.
THE PHOTOPERIOD AS A CONTROL AGENT AGAINST ADOXOPHYES RETICULANA (LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: ANKERSMIT G. W. 
Published: April 2011

The photoperiodic responses were studied of Adoxophyes reticulana reared on a wheat‐germ medium. Temperature had only a minor effect on the response. At photoperiods of 16 hrs or more hardly any diapause occurred. At photoperiods of 10 to 13 hrs a high incidence of diapause was observed. Light‐interruptions during the dark period of an LD 13:11 cycle revealed a maximum sensitivity for light about 16½ hrs after the beginning of the main light period. Light‐interruptions of 2 min were effective. The effect of these short light‐interruptions increased by lengthening of the main light period from 13 to 14 hrs. In field experiments with larvae on small apple‐trees, 2‐min light‐breaks about 16½ hrs after sunrise were effective in preventing diapause in about 80% of the population. The first half of the larval development period was the most sensitive phase for photoperiodic induction.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDIE PHOTOPERIODE ALS BEKÄMPFUNGSMITTEL GEGEN ADOXOPHYES RETICULANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)Die photoperiodische Reaktion von Adoxophyes reticulana wurde an einer Aufzucht mit Weizenkeimlings‐Diät untersucht. Bei Tageslängen mit 16 oder mehr Stunden Licht je Tag traten kaum mehr Diapausen auf. Bei Photophasen von 10 bis 13 Stunden wurde starke Diapause‐Induktion beobachtet. Die Temperatur hat nur geringen Einfluß auf die Reaktion. Störlichtphasen (Sekundärlicht) während der Dunkelphase eines LD 13: 11‐Zyklus enthüllte eine maximale Lichtempfindlichkeit etwa 16½ Stunden nach Beginn der Hauptlichtphase. Dabei waren Belichtungszeiten von 2 Minuten wirksam. Die Wirkung dieser kurzen Unterbrechungen der Dunkelphase durch Licht verstärkte sich bei Verlängerung der Hauptlichtzeit von 13 auf 14 Stunden. Bei Feldversuchen mit Junglarven an kleinen Apfelbäumen verhinderte Störlicht von 2 Minuten Dauer etwa 16½ Stunden nach Sonnenaufgang die Diapause bei etwa 80% der Population. Die erste Hälfte der Larvalentwicklung war für die photoperiodische Induktion am empfindlichsten.
SOME PROPERTIES OF GUSTATION IN THE LARVA OF PIERIS BRASSICAE
Authors: WEI‐CHUN MA 
Published: April 2011

The effects of some chemical substances on feeding response were studied in the larvae of Pieris brassicae L. Some synergistic effects between feeding stimulants were found. The larvae appeared to be highly sensitive to deterrents. In the medial sensillum styloconicum of the maxillae a chemoreceptor is present which is stimulated by a wide range of specific feeding inhibitors among which many belong to the alkaloids. Some physiological properties of the deterrent sensitive receptor are given and its significance in food selection behaviour is discussed.RÉSUMÉQUELQUES PARTICULARITÉS DE LA GUSTATION CHEZ LA CHENILLE DE PIERIS BRASSICAE.Les effets de quelques substances chimiques sur la prise de nourriture ont été étudiés chez la chenille de Pieris brassicae. Des effets synergiques se manifestent entre certains acides aminés ou certaines vitamines et le saccharose, lorsque ces produits sont à des concentrations appropriées. Par ailleurs les chenilles se montrent très sensibles à la présence de substances inhibant la prise de nourriture. Un neurone chimiorécepteur appartenant au sensillum styloconicum médian des maxilles se révèle sensible à une grande variété de ces substances inhibitrices, dont la plupart appartiennent aux alcaloïdes Steroides. Ce récepteur est sensible aux composés voisins de l'ecdysone présents dans certaines plantes, et son rôle physiologique est discuté, en rapport avec le comportement alimentaire et le choix de la nourriture.