bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of resonance electronic and non‐resonance‐enhanced vibrational natural Raman optical activity
Authors: Merten Christian , Li Honggang , Lu Xuefang , Hartwig Andreas , Nafie Laurence A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNatural resonance electronic Raman optical activity (ROA) is observed for the first time. Coincidently, the first example of vibrational ROA enhanced by low‐lying electronic transition is reported. These new phenomena were measured using the rare‐earth complex Eu(tfc)3 (+)‐tris[3‐trifluoroacetyl‐D‐camphorato]europium(III), where electronic resonance occurs between the 532‐nm laser excitation and the 7F1 → 5D1 transition of the Eu3+ metal center. Electronic Raman spectra involve the Raman transitions terminating on the low‐lying electronic states of Eu(tfc)3. The observed vibrational ROA spectra are enhanced relative to typical ROA spectra by the proximity of vibrational states of Eu(tfc)3 to its low‐lying electronic states with significant magnetic‐dipole character, whereas the parent vibrational Raman spectra do not appear to be resonance‐enhanced since the 532‐nm vibrational Raman spectrum has similar relative intensities to the corresponding Raman spectrum measured with 1064‐nm laser excitation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immobilization of His‐Tagged Endoglucanase on Gold via Various Ni‐NTA Self‐Assembled Monolayers and Its Hydrolytic Activity
Authors: Nakamura Itsuko , Makino Akira , Ohmae Masashi , Kimura Shunsaku 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA genetically modified His‐tagged endoglucanase, EGIIcore2, with two active sites in series was immobilized on gold via three different kinds of anchor molecules, and its hydrolytic activity was studied. Immobilization of EGIIcore2 was influenced by the chain length and hydrophilicity of anchor molecules. The hydrolytic activity of the immobilized EGIIcore2 was nearly the same on either anchor molecule. Interestingly, the immobilized EGIIcore2 apparently retained the inherent hydrolytic activity similarly to free EGIIcore2. It is therefore considered that the local high concentration of EGIIcore2 on the surface should promote the successive hydrolysis of the transient products to show the high hydrolytic activity despite of immobilization.magnified image
Integration of Small‐Molecule Discovery in Academic Biomedical Research
Authors: Ohlmeyer Michael , Zhou Ming‐Ming 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRapid advances in biomedical sciences in recent years have drastically accelerated the discovery of the molecular basis of human diseases. The great challenge is how to translate the newly acquired knowledge into new medicine for disease prevention and treatment. Drug discovery is a long and expensive process, and the pharmaceutical industry has not been very successful at it, despite its enormous resources and spending on the process. It is increasingly realized that academic biomedical research institutions ought to be engaged in early‐stage drug discovery, especially when it can be coupled to their basic research. To leverage the productivity of new‐drug development, a substantial acceleration in validation of new therapeutic targets is required, which would require small molecules that can precisely control target functions in complex biological systems in a temporal and dose‐dependent manner. In this review, we describe a process of integration of small‐molecule discovery and chemistry in academic biomedical research that will ideally bring together the elements of innovative approaches to new molecular targets, existing basic and clinical research, screening infrastructure, and synthetic and medicinal chemistry to follow up on small‐molecule hits. Such integration of multidisciplinary resources and expertise will enable academic investigators to discover novel small molecules that are expected to facilitate their efforts in both mechanistic research and new‐drug target validation. More broadly academic drug discovery should contribute new entities to therapy for intractable human diseases, especially for orphan diseases, and hopefully stimulate and synergize with the commercial sector. Mt Sinai J Med 77:350–357, 2010. © 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Novel fiber reinforced bismaleimide/diallyl bisphenol A/microcapsules composites
Authors: Yuan Li , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree kinds of poly(urea‐formaldehyde) (PUF) microcapsules filled with epoxy resins (MCEs) were applied to bismaleimide (BMI)/O,O′‐diallyl bisphenol A (BA) system to develop novel fiber reinforced BMI/BA/MECs composites. The effects of MCEs on the mechanical properties, the hot‐wet resistance, and the dynamic mechanical properties of fiber reinforced BMI/BA composites were investigated. The morphologies of fiber reinforced BMI/BA/MCEs composites were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope (OM). Results indicate that the appropriate contents of MCEs can significantly improve the mechanical properties and the hot‐wet resistance of fiber reinforced BMI/BA composites. In this study, MCEs may decrease the storage modulus of fiber reinforced BMI/BA composite but they have no significant influence on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composite. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical approach to estimate laser process parameters for drilling in crystalline silicon
Authors: Baier T. , Schulz‐Ruthenberg M. , Ametowobla M. , Schlenker T. , Manz D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a simple method for estimating the ablation rate during drilling processes in crystalline silicon wafers. Using data from literature, the physical process of material heating, melting, and ejection can be estimated on a time scale and leads to a temporal separation of the pulse duration in two parts. The latter one offers a theoretical determination of the expected average ablation rate. The results of this approximation coincide with experimental values and offer solutions to increase drilling efficiency. The experiments were done with a q‐switched solid‐state laser emitting at 1064 nm wavelength at pulse durations between 810 ns and 1440 ns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photocurrent enhancement in thin film amorphous silicon solar cells with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Eminian C. , Haug F.‐J. , Cubero O. , Niquille X. , Ballif C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSilver nanoparticles embedded in a dielectric material have strong scattering properties under light illumination, due to localized surface plasmons. This effect is a potential way to achieve light trapping in thin‐film solar cells. In this paper we study light scattering properties of nanoparticles on glass and ZnO, and on silver coated with ZnO, which represent the back reflector of a solar cell. We find that large nanoparticles embedded in the dielectric at the back contact of amorphous silicon solar cells lead to a remarkable increase in short circuit current of 20% compared to co‐deposited cells without nanoparticles. This increase is strongly correlated with the enhanced cell absorption in the long wavelengths and is attributed to localized surface plasmons. We also discuss the electrical properties of the cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic synthesis of styryl‐capped isotactic polypropylenes
Authors: Huang Huahua , Cao Chengang , Niu Hui , Dong Jin‐Yong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBis‐styrenic molecules, 1,4‐divinylbenzene (DVB) and 1,2‐bis(4‐vinylphenyl)ethane (BVPE), were successfully combined with hydrogen (H2) to form consecutive chain transfer complexes in propylene polymerization mediated by an isospecific metallocene catalyst (i.e., rac‐dimethylsilylbis(2‐methyl‐4‐phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride, I) activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO), rendering a catalytic access to styryl‐capped isotactic polypropylenes (i‐PP). The chain transfer reaction took place in a unique way where prior to the ultimate chain transfer DVB/H2 or BVPE/H2 caused a copolymerization‐like reaction leading to the formation of main chain benzene rings. A preemptive polymer chain reinsertion was deduced after the consecutive actions of DVB/H2 or BVPE/H2, which gave the styryl‐terminated polymer chain alongside a metal‐hydride active species. It was confirmed that the chain reinsertion occurred in a regio‐irregular 1,2‐fashion, which contrasted with a normal 2,1‐insertion of styrene monomer and ensured subsequent continuous propylene insertions, directing the polymerization to repeated DVB or BVPE incorporations inside polymer chain. Only as a competitive reaction, the insertion of propylene into metal‐hydride site broke the chain propagation resumption process while completed the chain transfer process by releasing the styryl‐terminated polymer chain. BVPE was found with much higher chain transfer efficiency than DVB, which was attributed to its non‐conjugated structure with much divided styrene moieties resulting in higher polymerization reactivity but lower chain reinsertion tendency. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3709–3713, 2010
Preparation of bimodal HDPEs with metallocene on Cr‐montmorillonite support
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Ishihama Yoshiyuki , Sakata Kazuya 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPreviously described Cr‐montmorillonite (Cr‐MMT) was found to retain reactivity in the ethylene polymerization reaction regardless of which alkyl‐metal was used for workup in the preparation process, as long as alkylaluminium was used as a cocatalyst in the actual polymerization reaction. Introduction of hydrogen pressure was found to regulate the polymerization to give the product polymer with a narrower weight distribution, albeit with a somewhat smaller average molecular weight. Supporting metallocene onto Cr‐MMT produced a binuclear catalyst system which gave rise to bimodal polyethylene (PE). Polymer composition of the produced high density polyethylenes (HDPEs) could be controlled by changing factors such as the polymerization conditions and the identity of the metallocene compounds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3722–3728, 2010
Chemical modification of the pendant structure of wholly aromatic polyamides: Toward functional high‐performance materials with tuned chromogenic and fluorogenic behavior
Authors: Estévez Pedro , El‐Kaoutit Hamid , García Félix Clemente , Serna Felipe , de la Peña José Luis , García José Miguel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis work describes the preparation of functional aromatic polyamides with pendant fluorescent chemical structures. The preparation of a parent copolyamide with a lateral fluorene moiety anchored to the main chain through a urea group is described, along with the chemical modification of the fluorene moieties to render six copolymers with different fluorescent behaviors. The easy and clean chemical modification of the polyamide structure permits the preparation of high‐performance materials with “a la carte” fluorescence properties. The characteristics of these materials make them useful for cutting‐edge technologies associated with the fluorescence of the pendant fluorene moiety and with the host behavior of the urea motif, that is, fluorescent sensing of analytes or hybrid luminescent converter—light‐emitting diode systems. The chemical modification of the polymer structure was carried out with chemicals and conditions optimized for polyamide models. The influence of the chemical structure of the pendant fluorene core has also been addressed in terms of thermal properties, solubility, water uptake, and so forth. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3823–3833, 2010
Synthesis of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) latexes using poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)‐based copolymers as reactive stabilizers
Authors: Mumtaz Muhammad , Labrugère Christine , Cloutet Eric , Cramail Henri 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe synthesis by oxidative polymerization of well‐defined poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nano‐objects in the presence of modified and unmodified poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)‐based copolymers used as stabilizers in aqueous media is reported. Ammonium persulfate or a mixture of ammonium persulfate with CuCl2 or CuBr2 was used as oxidants. The effects of several parameters such as the molar mass and the concentration of the stabilizer as well as the nature of the oxidants on the size, morphology, and the conductivity of the PEDOT particles have been investigated. The distribution of the reactive moieties along the copolymer stabilizer backbone was shown to be crucial to get well‐defined PEDOT nano‐objects. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3841–3855, 2010
The joint economic‐statistical design of X and R charts for nonnormal data
Authors: Chen Huifen , Pao Yikung 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe consider the joint economic‐statistical design of X and R control charts under the assumption that the quality measurement and the in‐control time have Johnson and Weibull distributions. The Johnson distribution is general in that it can be made to fit all possible values of skewness and kurtosis. The four parameters—the sample size n, time h between successive samples, and the control factors k1 and k2 for the X and R charts—are determined so that the mean hourly loss‐cost is minimized under constraints on the Type I and II error probabilities. We have generalized the Costa model to accommodate the Johnson and Weibull distributions. Sensitivity to nonnormality, shift, and Weibull scale parameter is considered in our analysis. Our sensitivity analysis shows that the optimal design parameters are sensitive to nonnormality. Comparisons of the fully economic and economic‐statistical designs are given. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development of a target‐focused process capability index with multiple characteristics
Authors: Goethals Paul L. , Cho Byung Rae 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWithin an industrial manufacturing environment, Process Capability Indices (PCIs) enable engineers to assess the process performance and ultimately improve the product quality. Despite the fact that most industrial products manufactured today possess multiple quality characteristics, the vast majority of the literature within this area primarily focuses on univariate measures to assess process capability. One particular univariate index, Cpm, is widely used to account for deviations between the location of the process mean and the target value of a process. While some researchers have sought to develop multivariate analogues of Cpm, modeling the loss in quality associated with multiple quality characteristics continues to remain a challenge. This paper proposes a multivariate PCI that more appropriately estimates quality loss, while offering greater flexibility in conforming to various industrial applications, and maintaining a more realistic approach to assessing process capability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of non‐normality on the monitoring of simple linear profiles
Authors: Noorossana, R. , Vaghefi A. , Dorri M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn some statistical process control (SPC) applications, it is assumed that a quality characteristic or a vector of quality characteristics of interest follows a univariate or multivariate normal distribution, respectively. However, in certain applications this assumption may fail to hold and could lead to misleading results. In this paper, we study the effect of non‐normality when the quality of a process or product is characterized by a linear profile. Skewed and heavy‐tailed symmetric non‐normal distributions are used to evaluate the non‐normality effect numerically. The results reveal that the method proposed by Kimtextitet al. (J. Qual. Technol. 2003; 35:317–328) can be designed to be robust to non‐normality for both highly skewed and heavy‐tailed distributions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indicators for sustainable development: Relationship between indicators related to climate change and explanatory factors
Authors: Gallego‐Álvarez Isabel 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this research are (i) to determine sustainable development indicators, (ii) to develop the indicator corresponding to greenhouse gas emissions according to EC2 financial implications due to climate change, and (iii) to analyze how certain variables affect this sustainability indicator.The sample used comprises firms from different countries and industries. The activity sectors selected to undertake this research are consistent with those established in the Green Paper on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading within the European Union from 2000 and in the Kyoto Protocol.Our findings show that analyzing indicators deriving from the proposals of the EC2 financial implications due to climate change, allows us to observe the effects of factors that explain the voluntary disclosure of environmental information. More specifically, our results point to a direct relationship between companies which have their headquarters in countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, size, environmental performance and the disclosure of information the indicators proposed for greenhouse gas emissions based on the proposals of the EC2 financial implications due to climate change. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Digital forensics of WLM 8.1 via check point methodology within corporate intranet in future communication security
Authors: Chu Hai‐Cheng , Deng Der‐Jiunn , Chao Han‐Chieh 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWindows Live Messenger (WLM) is one of the most prevalent ubiquitous Instant Messaging (IM) application programs being used by voluminous people worldwide to establish their cyber social lives. It dramatically changes the way of communication for human beings in the past decade in all aspects. However, WLM is like a sharp double‐edge sword, especially the exploited vulnerabilities concerning information security. Consequently, there is an urgent necessity for Digital Forensics (DF) to be strongly enforced within the organizations in order to specifically identify the real causes of the information breaches when utilize WLM. Few researches have formally incorporated the DF of WLM into generic guidelines for the associate personnel to follow. In this paper, we provide the system architecture of the experiment accompanied with our proposed Check Point (CP) methodology trying to disclose the possible digital evidences that could be explicitly collected and scientifically presented as probative evidences with respect to the persistently mushrooming information security incidents in the next generation wireless communication networks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymer Carpets
Authors: Amin Ihsan , Steenackers Marin , Zhang Ning , Beyer André , Zhang Xianghui , Pirzer Tobias , Hugel Thorsten , Jordan Rainer , Gölzhäuser Armin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe fabrication of defined polymer objects of reduced dimensions such as polymer‐coated nanoparticles (zero‐dimensional (0D)), cylindrical brushes (1D), and polymer membranes (2D), is currently the subject of intense research. In particular, ultrathin polymer membranes with high aspect ratios are being discussed as novel materials for miniaturized sensors because they would provide extraordinary sensitivity and dynamic range when sufficient mechanical stability can be combined with flexibility and chemical functionality. Unlike current approaches that rely on crosslinking of polymer layers for stabilization, this report presents the preparation of a new class of polymer material, so‐called “polymer carpets,” a freestanding polymer brush grown by surface‐initiated polymerization on a crosslinked 1‐nm‐thick monolayer. The solid‐supported, as well as freestanding, polymer carpets are found to be mechanically robust and to react instantaneously and reversibly to external stimuli by buckling. The carpet mechanics and the dramatic changes of the film properties (optical, wetting) upon chemical stimuli are investigated in detail as they allow the development of completely new integrated micro‐/nanotechnology devices.
Exploring dynamics of Giddens' globalization
Authors: Georgantzas Nicholas C , Katsamakas Evangelos , Solowiej Dominik 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe dynamic complexity of the social phenomena that characterize ‘globalization’ accentuates a divisive public discourse with strong arguments for and against the globalization process and its effects. To help unearth the dynamic processes underlying globalization, this paper makes three contributions. First, it shows the recursive relations among technology, institutional structures, beliefs and social behaviour, which sociologist Giddens has posited on globalization. It incorporates not only favourable conditions, such as the development of telecommunications and global economic integration, but also political transformations and transnational corporation growth. Second, selected Giddens' globalization concerns about unemployment and welfare outline the components of a system dynamics modelling example. The model analysis reveals the dynamic complexity of the phenomenon and, most importantly, it shows how welfare‐support can fail in the long run. Third, the paper calls for a wider adoption of dynamic simulation modelling in the analysis of the globalization process and its effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA rearrangements directed by non‐coding RNAs in ciliates
Authors: Mochizuki Kazufumi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractExtensive programmed rearrangement of DNA, including DNA elimination, chromosome fragmentation, and DNA unscrambling, takes place in the newly developed macronucleus during the sexual reproduction of ciliated protozoa. Recent studies have revealed that two distant classes of ciliates use distinct types of non‐coding RNAs to regulate such DNA rearrangement events. DNA elimination in Tetrahymena is regulated by small non‐coding RNAs that are produced and utilized in an RNA interference (RNAi)‐related process. It has been proposed that the small RNAs produced from the micronuclear genome are used to identify eliminated DNA sequences by whole‐genome comparison between the parental macronucleus and the micronucleus. In contrast, DNA unscrambling in Oxytricha is guided by long non‐coding RNAs that are produced from the parental macronuclear genome. These long RNAs are proposed to act as templates for the direct unscrambling events that occur in the developing macronucleus. Both cases provide useful examples to study epigenetic chromatin regulation by non‐coding RNAs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
The Homoleptic U(NCSe)84– Anion in (Pr4N)4U(NCSe)8·2CFCl3 and Th(NCSe)4(OP(NMe2)3)4·0.5CH3CN·0.5H2O: First Structurally Characterised Actinide Isoselenocyanates
Authors: Crawford Margaret‐Jane , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Mayer Peter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe neutral thorium complex Th(NCSe)4(OP(NMe2)3)4 and homoleptic octa(isoselenocyanato)uranate anion U(NCSe)84– in (Pr4N)4U(NCSe)8·2CFCl3 (1) were synthesised and structurally characterised. (Pr4N)4U(NCSe)8·2CFCl3 contains the UIV anion U(NCSe)84– and was characterised using IR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Th(NCSe)4(OP(N(CH3)2)3)4·0.5CH3CN·0.5H2O (2) was characterised using IR and Raman spectroscopy, as well as 31P{1H}, 15N{1H}, 14N{1H}, 13C{1H}, 1H and 77Se NMR spectroscopy and structurally characterised using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The U(NCSe)84– anion and Th(NCSe)4(OP(N(CH3)2)3)4·0.5CH3CN·0.5H2O complex are the first structurally characterised actinide‐isoselenocyanates. The crystal structures shows an approximate square antiprismatic arrangement of the ligands around the actinide(IV) atoms.