bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio‐temporal data integration for species distribution modelling in R‐INLA
Authors: Seaton Fiona M. , Jarvis Susan G. , Henrys Peter A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Species distribution modelling is a highly used tool for understanding and predicting biodiversity change, and recent work has emphasised the importance of understanding how species distributions change over both time and space. Spatio‐temporal models require large amounts of data spread over time and space, and as such are clear candidates to benefit from model‐based integration of different data sources. However, spatio‐temporal models are highly computationally intensive and integrating different data sources can make this approach even more unfeasible to ecologists.

Here we demonstrate how the R‐INLA methodology can be used for model‐based data integration for spatio‐temporally explicit modelling of species distribution change. We demonstrate that this method can be applied to both point and areal data with two contrasting case studies, one using the SPDE approach for modelling spatio‐temporal change in the Gatekeeper butterfly (Pyronia tithonus) across Great Britain and the second using a spatio‐temporal areal model to describe change in caddisfly (Trichoptera) populations across the River Thames catchment.

We show that in the caddisfly case study integrating together different data sources led to greater understanding of the change in abundance across the River Thames both seasonally and over 5 years of data. However, in the butterfly case study moving to a spatio‐temporal context exacerbated differences between the data sources and resulted in no greater ecological insight into change in the Gatekeeper population.

Our work provides a computationally feasible framework for spatio‐temporally explicit integration of data within SDMs and demonstrates both the potential benefits and the challenges in applying this methodology to real ecological data.
Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) versus pressure support ventilation (PSV)—A prospective intervention trial comparing haemodynamic parameters in intensive care patients
Authors: Ille Alexandru , Nilsson Carl , Sjödin Carl , Daham Shanay , Persson Per , Svensson Carl Johan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimAssisted mechanical ventilation may alter the pressure profile in the thorax compared to normal breathing, which can affect the blood flow to and from the heart. Studies suggest that in patients with severe lung disease, airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) may be haemodynamically beneficial compared to other ventilator settings. The primary aim of this study was to investigate if APRV affects cardiac index in intubated intensive care patients without severe lung disease when compared to pressure support ventilation (PSV). The secondary aim comprised potential changes in other haemodynamic and ventilatory parameters.MethodsTwenty patients were enrolled in the intensive care unit (ICU) at Sahlgrenska University Hospital. Eligible patients met the inclusion criteria; 18 years of age or above, intubated and mechanically ventilated, triggering and stable on PSV mode, with indwelling haemodynamic monitoring via a pulse‐induced continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) catheter. The study protocol started with a 30‐min interval on PSV mode, followed by a 30‐min interval on APRV mode, and finally a 30‐min interval back on PSV mode. At the end of each interval, PiCCO outputs, ventilator outputs, arterial and venous blood gas analyses, heart rate and central venous pressure were recorded and compared between modes.ResultsThere was no significant difference in cardiac index (3.42 vs. 3.39 L/min/m2) between PSV and APRV, but a significant increase in central venous pressure (+1.0 mmHg, p = .027). Furthermore, we found a significant reduction in peak airway pressure (−3.16 cmH2O, p < .01) and an increase in mean airway pressure (+2.1 cmH2O, p < .01). No statistically significant change was found in oxygenation index (partial pressure of O2 [pO2]/fraction of inspired oxygen) nor in other secondary outcomes when comparing PSV and APRV. There was no significant association between global end‐diastolic volume index and cardiac index (R2 = 0.0089) or central venous pressure (R2 = 0.278). All parameters returned to baseline after switching the ventilator mode back to PSV.ConclusionWe could not detect any changes in cardiac index in ICU patients without severe lung disease during APRV compared to PSV mode, despite lower peak airway pressure and increased mean airway pressure.
RETRACTED: Investigating the effectiveness of forensic genetics and population genetic diversity using a multi‐InDel system in Chinese Hezhou and Southern Shaanxi Han populations
Authors: Wang Xi , Lan Qiong , Lin Yifeng , Yuan Xi , Mei Shuyan , Lei Fanzhang , Dong Bonan , Zhao Ming , Cai Meiming , Shen Chunmei , Zhu Bofeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionMultiple insertion‐deletion (multi‐InDel) has greater potential in forensic genetics than InDel, and its efficacy in kinship testing, individual identification, DNA mixture detection and ancestry inference remains to be explored.MethodsConsequently, we designed an efficient and robust system consisting of 41 multi‐InDels to evaluate its efficacy in forensic applications in Chinese Hezhou Han (HZH) and Southern Shaanxi Han (SNH) populations and explore the genetic relationships between the SNH, HZH, and 26 reference populations.Results and conclusionThe obtained results showed that 38 out of the 41 multi‐InDels had fairly high genetic variations. The the cumulative probability of discrimination and exclusion values of the multi‐InDels (except MI38) in HZH and SNH populations both exceeded 1‐e−25 and 1‐e−6, correspondingly. The genetic compositions of HZH and SNH individuals were similar to that of East Asians and the Naive Bayes model could well distinguish East Asians, Africans and Americans. These results indicated that the multi‐InDel systerm can serve as an effective tool to provide important evidence for the development of multi‐InDels in forensic practice and better analyse the genetic background of the Han Chinese populations.
Does on‐site computed tomography matter? A cross‐sectional study of stroke patients’ door‐to‐scan‐time in rural hospitals
Authors: Arnold Nicholas , Gough Kathryn , Patsalou Anthony , Carrigan Brendan , MacAskill William 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeMany rural Australian hospitals lack on‐site computed tomography (CT). These hospitals often refer patients to local off‐site private radiology clinics or to central hospitals, challenging the achievement of time‐sensitive scans. For stroke patients, timely access to CT affects treatment options. This study questions whether on‐site CT matters in rural hospitals by investigating stroke patients’ door‐to‐scan‐time (DTST) and CT scan sequence referrals.MethodA retrospective chart audit was completed across four rural hospitals; two with on‐site CT and two without. Adult emergency stroke presentations were randomly sampled. Comparisons between on‐site and off‐site CT hospitals were made for DTST and CT sequence referrals using Mann–Whitney U‐tests and Fisher's exact tests.ResultsA total of 120 charts were audited (on‐site CT, n = 60; off‐site CT, n = 60). DTST was longer for off‐site vs. on‐site CT hospitals (median = 4.30 h vs. median = 0.70 h; U = 338, p < 0.001) regardless of whether presentations occurred in business hours or out of hours (p < 0.001). Off‐site CT hospitals ordered less CT angiography or perfusion scanning (32% vs. 85%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsOff‐site CT hospital patients had longer DTST and received less angiography or perfusion scanning. These findings suggest that on‐site CT matters to rural stroke patients by improving equitable access to CT and appropriate scan referrals.
Tenacity Besides Depletion: Pandemics, Protests, and Workers from the Sri Lankan Apparel Sector
Authors: Ruwanpura Kanchana N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSri Lankan apparel has conventionally crafted itself as a niche and ethical supplier. Staying with this record, shifting to PPE (personal protective equipment) production, a tripartite agreement on minimum wages and a furlough scheme were key successes during the pandemic. However, the recurrent absence of living wages resulted in varied worker experiences. I use written testimonies from women garment workers to raise pivotal questions on how the lives of workers started to deplete during the pandemic and yet it did not prevent women workers from claiming differently—underlining slivers of hope, where depletion and tenacity are constant bedfellows. The pandemic was when Sri Lankan apparel's dis/articulation within global production processes came about. Contributing to feminist political economy readings of global production processes, I illustrate how depletion and tenacity are no binaries; acknowledging these spaces of hope offers the potential for agentive action.
Pregnancy experiences of transgender and gender‐expansive individuals: A systematic scoping review from a critical midwifery perspective
Authors: Thomas Elias G. , Goodarzi Bahareh , Frese Hannah , Schoonmade Linda J. , Muntinga Maaike E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests that transgender and gender‐expansive people are more likely to have suboptimal pregnancy outcomes compared with cisgender people. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the role of midwifery in these inequities by analyzing the pregnancy experiences of transgender and gender‐expansive people from a critical midwifery perspective.MethodsWe conducted a systematic scoping review. We included 15 papers published since 2010 that reported on pregnancy experiences of people who had experienced gestational pregnancy at least once, and were transgender, nonbinary, or had other gender‐expansive identities.ResultsThree themes emerged from our analysis: “Navigating identity during pregnancy,” “Experiences with mental health and wellbeing,” and “Encounters in the maternal and newborn care system.” Although across studies respondents reported positive experiences, both within healthcare and social settings, access to gender‐affirmative (midwifery) care and daily social realities were often shaped by trans‐negativity and transphobia.DiscussionTo improve care outcomes of transgender and gender‐expansive people, it is necessary to counter anti‐trans ideologies by “fixing the knowledge” of midwifery curricula. This requires challenging dominant cultural norms and images around pregnancy, reconsidering the way in which the relationship among “sex,” “gender,” and “pregnancy” is understood and given meaning to in midwifery, and applying an intersectional lens to investigate the relationship between gender inequality and reproductive inequity of people with multiple, intersecting marginalized identities who may experience the accumulated impacts of racism, ageism, and classism. Future research should identify pedagogical frameworks that are suitable for guiding implementation efforts.
Validity and reliability of an Arabic‐language version of the postpartum specific anxiety scale research short‐form in Jordan
Authors: Hijazi Heba H. , Alolayyan Main N. , Al Abdi Rabah M. , Hossain Ahmed , Fallon Victoria , Silverio Sergio A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe English‐language Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS) is a valid, reliable measure for postpartum anxiety (PPA), but its 51‐item length is a limitation. Consequently, the PSAS Working Group developed the PSAS Research Short‐Form (PSAS‐RSF), a statistically robust 16‐item tool that effectively assesses PPA. This study aimed to assess and validate the reliability of an Arabic‐language version of the PSAS‐RSF in Jordan (PSAS‐JO‐RSF).MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional methodological design, a sample of Arabic‐speaking mothers (N = 391) with infants aged up to 6 months were recruited via convenience sampling from a prominent tertiary hospital in northern Jordan. Factor analysis, composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), McDonald's ω, and inter‐item correlation measures were all examined.ResultsExplanatory factor analysis revealed a four‐factor model consistent with the English‐language version of the PSAS‐RSF, explaining a cumulative variance of 61.5%. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the good fit of the PSAS‐JO‐RSF (χ2/df = 1.48, CFI = 0.974, TLI = 0.968, RMSEA = 0.039, SRMR = 0.019, p < 0.001). The four factors demonstrated acceptable to good reliability, with McDonald's ω ranging from 0.778 to 0.805, with 0.702 for the overall scale. The CR and AVE results supported the validity and reliability of the PSAS‐JO‐RSF.ConclusionThis study establishes an Arabic‐language version of the PSAS‐JO‐RSF as a valid and reliable scale for screening postpartum anxieties in Jordan.
Identification and characterisation of functional Kir6.1‐containing ATP‐sensitive potassium channels in the cardiac ventricular sarcolemmal membrane
Authors: Brennan Sean , Chen Shen , Makwana Samir , Esposito Simona , McGuinness Lauren R. , Alnaimi Abrar I. M. , Sims Mark W. , Patel Manish , Aziz Qadeer , Ojake Leona , Roberts James A. , Sharma Parveen , Lodwick David , Tinker Andrew , Barrett‐Jolley Richard , Dart Caroline , Rainbow Richard D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe canonical Kir6.2/SUR2A ventricular KATP channel is highly ATP‐sensitive and remains closed under normal physiological conditions. These channels activate only when prolonged metabolic compromise causes significant ATP depletion and then shortens the action potential to reduce contractile activity. Pharmacological activation of KATP channels is cardioprotective, but physiologically, it is difficult to understand how these channels protect the heart if they only open under extreme metabolic stress. The presence of a second KATP channel population could help explain this. Here, we characterise the biophysical and pharmacological behaviours of a constitutively active Kir6.1‐containing KATP channel in ventricular cardiomyocytes.Experimental ApproachPatch‐clamp recordings from rat ventricular myocytes in combination with well‐defined pharmacological modulators was used to characterise these newly identified K+ channels. Action potential recording, calcium (Fluo‐4) fluorescence measurements and video edge detection of contractile function were used to assess functional consequences of channel modulation.Key ResultsOur data show a ventricular K+ conductance whose biophysical characteristics and response to pharmacological modulation were consistent with Kir6.1‐containing channels. These Kir6.1‐containing channels lack the ATP‐sensitivity of the canonical channels and are constitutively active.Conclusion and ImplicationsWe conclude there are two functionally distinct populations of ventricular KATP channels: constitutively active Kir6.1‐containing channels that play an important role in fine‐tuning the action potential and Kir6.2/SUR2A channels that activate with prolonged ischaemia to impart late‐stage protection against catastrophic ATP depletion. Further research is required to determine whether Kir6.1 is an overlooked target in Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) cardiac safety screens.
Children's agencies navigating sexism and LGBTI+ phobia in Santiago de Chile's primary school
Authors: Agud‐Morell Ingrid , Breull‐Arancibia Valeria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThrough their talk, actions and interactions, children actively shape and develop notions of gender and sexuality. This research delves into the realm of children's agency to explore the ways children act and react to instances of sexism and LGBTI+ phobia. Within the context of a Gender Equity Education Program in a Chilean primary school, this study employs participatory‐action research, integrating participatory methods and participant observation, acknowledging the significance of children's agencies in knowledge construction. Analytically, a feminist post‐structuralist lens is applied to examine children's experiences, unveiling distinct categories of agencies, namely ‘reproducers’ and ‘challengers’ of the dominant discourse.
A qualitative study of coping strategies and resilience in the aftermath of childhood adversity in first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Wambua G. N. , Kilian S. , Chiliza B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimExposure to adversity during childhood is associated with elevated risk for commonly occurring forms of psychopathology, especially psychotic disorders. Despite the noteworthy consequences associated with adverse childhood experiences, an inconsistent and unpredictable number of at‐risk populations present with remarkably good physical and mental health outcomes that can be attributed to resilience. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the experience of childhood adverse events and coping strategies employed by individuals that promote resilience and better mental health outcomes.MethodsFourteen individuals with a history of childhood adversity were recruited to participate using a case‐study approach. A semi‐structured interview guide was developed based on empirical evidence and theoretical background, and the interviews were analysed using a reflexive thematic approach.ResultsOur findings showed that the type of adversity impacted the experience of trauma, for example, the death of a caregiver versus emotional abuse or witnessing violence at home. Five coping strategies were identified (social support, religious coping, problem or emotion‐focused coping, and meaning‐making), with healthy controls found to identify and use these resources more than the psychosis group to promote individual well‐being and better mental health outcomes.ConclusionsOur findings provide insights into experiences in the aftermath of childhood adversity, emphasising the need to assess the history of trauma systematically. They further underscore the importance of mental health prevention programmes bolstering individual‐level coping strategies and the resources available within our environments to help them manage adversity, improve overall outcomes, and promote resilience.
Suppression and omission effects in auditory predictive processing—Two of the same?
Authors: Tast Valentina , Schröger Erich , Widmann Andreas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent theories describe perception as an inferential process based on internal predictive models that are adjusted by prediction violations (prediction error). Two different modulations of the auditory N1 event‐related brain potential component are often discussed as an expression of auditory predictive processing. The sound‐related N1 component is attenuated for self‐generated sounds compared to the N1 elicited by externally generated sounds (N1 suppression). An omission‐related component in the N1 time‐range is elicited when the self‐generated sounds are occasionally omitted (omission N1). Both phenomena were explained by action‐related forward modelling, which takes place when the sensory input is predictable: prediction error signals are reduced when predicted sensory input is presented (N1 suppression) and elicited when predicted sensory input is omitted (omission N1). This common theoretical account is appealing but has not yet been directly tested. We manipulated the predictability of a sound in a self‐generation paradigm in which, in two conditions, either 80% or 50% of the button presses did generate a sound, inducing a strong or a weak expectation for the occurrence of the sound. Consistent with the forward modelling account, an omission N1 was observed in the 80% but not in the 50% condition. However, N1 suppression was highly similar in both conditions. Thus, our results demonstrate a clear effect of predictability for the omission N1 but not for the N1 suppression. These results imply that the two phenomena rely (at least in part) on different mechanisms and challenge prediction related accounts of N1 suppression.
Uncertainty, precautionary saving, and investment: Evidence from prescheduled election cycles
Authors: Jens Candace E. , Page T. Beau 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe show empirically that firms increase cash holdings starting as early as one year before prescheduled (i.e., predictable) elections. Then, for four quarters around elections when uncertainty and external financing costs are high, firms decrease investment and draw down saved cash balances to avoid tapping external financing. We use a dynamic model of firm investment and saving to demonstrate the importance of anticipation of future financing costs to firms' pre‐election precautionary saving behavior. Theoretically, if election uncertainty were only to affect potential investment, lower firm investment would result in higher contemporaneous cash balances, which is inconsistent with our empirical results.
Painless cost control as a central strategy for universal oral health coverage: A critical review with policy guide
Authors: Jadidfard Mohammad‐Pooyan , Tahani Bahareh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to critically review the methods used to control the significantly increasing costs of dental care.MethodsThrough a comprehensive search of the available literature, the cost control (CC) mechanisms for health services were identified from a healthcare system perspective. The probable applicability of each CC method was evaluated mainly based on its potential contribution to oral health promotion. Each mechanism was then classified and discussed under any of the two headings of financing and service provision. An operational guide was finally presented for policy‐making in each of the three main models of healthcare systems, including National Health Services, social/public health insurance and private insurance.ResultsFrom a total of 142 articles/reports retrieved in PubMed, 73 in Scopus and 791 in Google Scholar, 35 were included in the final review after eliminating the duplicates and screening process. Totally ten mechanisms were identified for CC of dental care. Seven were discussed under the financing function, including cost sharing, preauthorization, mixed payment method and an evidence‐based approach to benefit package definition, among others. Three further methods were classified under the service provision function, including workforce skill mix with emphasis on primary oral healthcare providers, development of primary healthcare (PHC) network and an appropriate use of tele‐dentistry.ConclusionPainless control of dental expenditures requires a smart integration of prevention into the CC plans. The suggested policy guide emphasizes organizational factors; particularly including the development of PHC‐based networks with midlevel providers (desirably extended‐duty dental hygienists) as the frontline oral healthcare providers.