bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doppler sonography in acute renal obstruction
Authors: Saboo Sonali S , Soni Sachin S , Saboo Suresh H , Chinapuvvula Naga Ramesh , Kaza Sashidhar 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Aims and Objectives: This prospective analysis was carried out to study the utility of Doppler waveform alterations in the diagnosis of unilateral acute renal obstruction and to study the factors affecting Doppler indices. Methods: In this prospective analysis between May 2005 and March 2006, patients presenting to the emergency medical division with symptoms of unilateral acute renal colic underwent Doppler analysis. Obstruction was confirmed by intravenous urography (IVU) or computed tomography (CT) scan. The duration of renal colic and the site and degree of obstruction were recorded. Patients with medical or surgical renal disease were excluded. Results: 40 patients (80 kidneys) satisfying the inclusion criteria were part of this analysis. The mean resistivity Index (RI) in obstructed kidneys was significantly higher than in the contralateral unobstructed kidneys (0.72 Vs 0.64; p < 0.001). Thirty (75%) cases had proximal while 10 (25%) cases had distal obstruction with higher RI in proximal obstruction (0.73 Vs 0.72). Twenty-five (62.5%) patients had complete, while 15 (37.5%) patients had partial obstruction. The RI value in completely obstructed kidneys was significantly higher than in partially obstructed kidneys (0.74 Vs 0.70; p < 0.05). Using the discriminatory value of 0.70 for obstruction, the overall sensitivity was 87.5% and specificity 90%. Sensitivity was 95% and specificity 100% at a delta RI of 0.06. The degree of obstruction altered the resistivity indices, while the site of obstruction and duration of symptoms did not. Conclusions: Doppler sonography is a useful diagnostic tool in unilateral acute renal obstruction.
USG of normal musculoskeletal structures
Authors: Kinare Arun 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAdvances in high-resolution technology, have had the greatest impact on the use of USG for musculoskeletal imaging. Structures previously considered inaccessible can now be evaluated accurately using this imaging modality. Though MRI still remains the gold standard, USG has now emerged as the initial imaging modality in a large proportion of musculoskeletal disorders. Among the distinct advantages of USG, are the ability to perform a dynamic study to demonstrate the function of the structure under question and to have transverse as well as longitudinal sections. This is now aided by 3D technology, which is becoming popular. USG is more easily available and is cheaper than MRI. Its portablity and the ease with which follow-up examinations can be done are also big assets.
There are two major drawbacks with this technique. One is the long learning curve and the other is that there is very little tissue differentiation when it comes to the acoustic properties of various structures. A sound knowledge of musculoskeletal anatomy is a prerequisite.
Tomotherapy in synchronous and metachronous bilateral breast cancer: Clinical experience
Authors: Orda Yernar , Shayakhmetov Tanzhas , Baiturova Saniya , Berikbol Daulet , Otynshiyev Rauan , Brimova Aigul , Saktashev Bolat , Baisalbayeva Ainur , Samigatova Ainur 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurpose of studyThe objective of this research is to present our firsthand experience and provide up‐to‐date data for the further study of cases involving simultaneous breast irradiation using helical Tomotherapy, ©Accuray Inc.MethodsThe radical treatment options for bilateral breast cancer are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Being that radiotherapy for bilateral breast cancer is challenging due to limitations in the geometry of modern radiotherapy equipment, helical Tomotherapy was chosen as an appropriate technique of irradiation. The retrospective review focused on the records of patients who underwent bilateral irradiation of the breast or chest wall and regional lymph nodes using helical Tomotherapy.ResultsOnly four patients with bilateral breast cancer completed a radiation therapy course in our center from 2018 to 2023. Two patients underwent radical mastectomy with lymph node dissection on both sides before irradiation. For the other two patients, radical mastectomy was done after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Acute radiation toxicity scoring was based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Only mild adverse effects, such as general weakness and slight skin irritation below Grade 3, were observed, with no instances of skin swelling, dryness, or pigmentation noted. Evaluation of late complications revealed tissue fibrosis in the area of the internal mammary nodes and respiratory failure with various severity. Complications and deterioration in the cardiovascular system were not observed during the follow‐up period, which varied from 3 to 48 months.ConclusionOur results show the efficacy of using helical Tomotherapy considering positive outcomes, being that three out of four patients are in remission with low acute toxicity and late complications. There are a small number of articles describing bilateral breast cancer treatment with helical Tomotherapy. On this occasion, our data could contribute to the studies of tolerant doses for organs at risk and improve the parameters of treatment plans for bilateral breast cancer. Since the small sample of patients with bilateral breast cancer limits the study, a larger cohort of patients is essential to obtain statistically reliable results.
Command filter based input quantized adaptive tracking control for multi‐input and multi‐output non‐strict feedback systems with unmodeled dynamics and full state time‐varying constraints
Authors: Zhu Xinfeng , Li Jinyu 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThis paper addresses the problem of adaptive tracking control for multi‐input and multi‐output (MIMO) non‐strict feedback systems with unmodeled dynamics and full state time‐varying constraints. To tackle the interference of unmodeled dynamics, the dynamic signal generated by the auxiliary system is used. Hyperbolic tangent function is used as a nonlinear mapping tool to transform the constrained system into an unconstrained one. Hysteresis quantizer is introduced to mitigate the chattering phenomenon and quantization error in the quantization signal. The derivative of virtual signal can be approximated more efficiently by command filter. Furthermore, an error compensation mechanism is established to mitigate the error introduced by the command filter. Unknown nonlinear functions are approximated by radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs). Stability analysis of the proposed controller is performed through the Lyapunov stability theory and the output tracking error can be constrained within a specified range. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
High Capacitance Based on Vacancy Defective Porous Carbon in Ionic Liquid
Authors: Feng Shihao , Zhao Qian , Wang Junjun , Zhang Wei , Wang Weixiao , Xu Ming , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang , Zhao Dongyuan , Liu Yong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPorous carbons have been extensively studied in electrochemical capacitors (ECs). However, low capacitance remains a limitation due to the electrical double layer (EDL) storage mechanism when porous carbons are used in ionic liquids (ILs) based ECs. Herein, the nitrogen‐derived vacancy defects in porous carbon nanospheres are found which can boost capacitive charge storage and present reversible high capacitance of 427 F g−1 in pure IL electrolyte, equal to a normalized area capacitance (CA) of 16 µF cm−2, surpassing the theoretical EDL CA (≈11 µF cm−2). When used as capacitive cathode, the assembled Lithium hybrid capacitor express high energy density of 635 Wh kg−1 based on active material under much high‐power density of 14.5 kW kg−1. A combination of control experiments and density functional theory investigation indicate that the EC's performance improvement mostly stems from strong interactions at vacancy defects, triggering extraordinary faradaic capacitance. The results shed light on defect engineering for realizing extra faradaic capacitance of carbon materials, and open up new opportunities for improving EC's energy density.
A Pseudo Planar Heterojunction Structure for Eco‐Friendly Printable Organic Solar Cells Achieving 19.05% Efficiency
Authors: Wang Pei , Zhang Jiayou , Luo Dou , Xue Jingwei , Zhang Lifu , Mao Houdong , Wang Yilin , Yu Chongbin , Ma Wei , Chen Yiwang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObtaining a well‐accurate vertical distribution active layer morphology through the air‐printing process is an essential task for achieving efficient scalable large‐area organic solar cells (OSCs). In this target, the desired and controllable pseudo planar heterojunction (PPHJ) active layer structure with suitable phase separation is developed by pre‐deposited D18‐Cl layer under the PM6:BTP‐eC9 film via an eco‐friendly manufacturing method. The addition of the D18‐Cl regulates molecular crystallization and leads to an ideal vertical stratification while simultaneously suppressing voltage loss, optimizing energetic disorder, and carrier management. Impressively, the optimal PPHJ devices perform superior power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 19.05% (100 nm), 17.33% (300 nm), and 14.14% (4 cm2) compared to the BHJ devices. Importantly, the PPHJ OSCs also exhibit an impressive extrapolated T80 (the time required to reach 80% of initial PCE) of long‐time storage and operational stability, as well as thermal stability.
D‐cysteine‐Derived Carbon Dots for Selective Discrimination, Imaging, and Synergistic Elimination of Gram‐Positive Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: Song Wenzhu , Wang Xuexiao , Nong Shuli , Wang Mengru , Kang Shengmei , Wang Feng , Xu Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicrobial infections pose a significant threat to public health, exacerbated by the escalating issue of antibiotic resistance resulting from their overuse. Chiral carbon dots (CDs) not only inherit the antibacterial properties of CDs but also demonstrate highly selective chiral bactericidal activity. This study focuses on the development of chiral CDs synthesized from D‐ and L‐cysteine, to selectively identify and synergistically eradicate Gram‐positive bacteria and fungi. Chiral CDs exhibit high efficacy in staining Gram‐positive bacteria and fungi while demonstrating minimal to no fluorescence with Gram‐negative bacteria, attributable to variances in the membrane structures of these pathogens. D‐CDs exhibit stronger fluorescence signals and greater antibacterial efficacy against Gram‐positive bacteria and fungi compared to L‐CDs. Under dual light irradiation, D‐CDs bolster antibacterial activity through a triple‐modal mechanism, involving membrane disruption in the absence of light, singlet oxygen generation during photodynamic therapy, and elevated temperature during photothermal treatment. Animal studies additionally showcase that D‐CDs notably enhanced the healing of wounds infected with S. aureus under laser light exposure. This investigation underscores the chiral‐specific imaging and antibacterial potentials of D‐CDs, paving the way for the advancement of chiral nanomaterials in bacterial diagnostics and therapy.
Recyclable Nanomotors for Dynamic Enrichment and Detection of Low‐Concentration Emerging Pollutants
Authors: Geng Zhiqin , Li Junyang , Deng Tangtang , Nie Xinming , Meng Xin , Han Weiqing , Wei Kajia , Qu Lulu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEmerging pollutants, known for their high toxicity, pose significant risks to human health and the environment. However, the identification of these pollutants is difficult and costly due to their low concentration and complex composition. Here, a cost‐effective and scalable identification method is demonstrated to rapidly concentrate and detect emerging pollutants at ultra‐low concentrations. The approach takes advantage of responsive autonomous propulsion R‐Fe3O4@Au@β‐CD‐EG‐PF127 (RAP) nanomotors driven by magnetism, to significantly enhance the efficiency of pollutant adsorption in large‐scale water. Owing to the fast driving capability and multi‐interaction mechanism, nanomotors can effectively capture trace concentrations of emerging pollutants, achieving a capture efficiency of over 90%, while also ensuring that all captured pollutants fall within the enhanced electromagnetic field range of the nanomotors. This leads to highly sensitive surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals with detection limits as low as 10−10 m. Contaminated nanomotors showcase significant self‐cleaning capabilities that can be activated through temperature variations, resulting in a substantial reduction in detection expenses. Even after undergoing cyclic experiments, the nanomotors consistently exhibit remarkable capture efficiency and outstanding SERS sensitivity. This work can provide a scalable and practical technical solution to eliminate and monitor the transport of emerging pollutants in the environment.
Squeezing the Threshold of Metal‐Halide Perovskite Micro‐Crystal Lasers Grown by Solution Epitaxy
Authors: Zhou Shuyu , Rehm Viktor , Afify Hany A. , Han Yufei , Korczak Jędrzej , Szczerbakow Andrzej , Story Tomasz , Peng Zijian , These Albert , Barabash Anastasia , Osvet Andres , Brabec Christoph J. , Götz Klaus , Unruh Tobias , Hilpert Felix , Brummel Olaf , Libuda Jörg , Heiss Wolfgang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskite semiconductors have demonstrated remarkable progress not only in photovoltaics and X‐ray detection but also in laser technologies. Particularly appealing is the simplicity with which micro‐crystallites can be epitaxially grown, thereby forming micro‐resonators suitable for lasing. Here, the laser threshold is optimized by selecting excitation laser parameters and by improving material quality. The latter process is conducted for formamidinium lead tribromide, emitting in the green spectral range. Depending on the growth method and parameters, the sizes of the micro‐resonators can be tuned between ≈3 and 23 micrometers. Under laser excitation systematically lower thresholds are observed for micro‐resonators in the 4–7 micrometer size range, than for larger ones, irrespective of growth method. Among three optimized growth methods, epitaxial growth via antisolvent vapor‐assisted crystallization exhibits the smallest threshold powers, indicating the highest material quality. This conclusion is supported by hyperspectral microscopic luminescence imaging and by transient photoluminescence. The best laser structures exhibit record threshold powers for epitaxially grown perovskites, indicating that the selected antisolvent vapor epitaxial growth holds great promises also for other perovskite materials.
In Situ Engineering Cancer Mask to Immobilize Tumor Cells and Block Metastasis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoke , Li Cheng , Zhu Dan , Mao Hui , Jiang Xiqun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work reports a new concept of cancer mask in situ to alter the specific biological functions of cancer cells. Metastatic cancer cells are highly invasive in part due to the presence of the glycan matrix in the cell membrane. Using a rational designed bio‐orthogonal reaction, the cancer cell surface is reconstructed in situ by incorporating endogenous polysialic acids in the glycan matrix on the cell membrane to form a mesh‐like network, called cancer mask. The network of the glycan matrix can not only immobilize cancer cells but also effectively block the stimulation of metastasis promoters to tumor cells and inhibit the formation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), causing metastatic cancer cells incarceration. The results demonstrate a new strategy to control and even eliminate the cancer metastasis that is a major cause of treatment failure and poor patient outcome.
Combination of Counterion Size and Doping Concentration Determines the Electronic and Thermoelectric Properties of Semiconducting Polymers
Authors: Baustert Kyle N. , Bombile Joel H. , Rahman Md Tawabur , Yusuf Augustine O. , Li Ruipeng , Huckaba Aron J. , Risko Chad , Graham Kenneth R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn both chemical and electrochemical doping of organic semiconductors (OSCs), a counterion, either from the electrolyte or ionized dopant, balances the charge introduced to the OSC. Despite the large influence of this counterion on OSC optical and electronic response, there remains substantial debate on how a fundamental parameter, ion size, impacts these properties. This work resolves much of this debate by accounting for two doping regimes. In the low‐doping regime, the Coulomb binding energies between charge carriers on the OSC and the counterions are significant, and larger counterions lead to decreased Coulomb interactions, more delocalized charge carriers, and higher electrical conductivities. In the high‐doping regime, the Coulomb binding energies become negligible due to the increased dielectric constant of the films and a smoothing of the energy landscape; thereby, the electrical conductivities depend primarily on the extent of morphological disorder in the OSC. Moreover, in regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene), rr‐P3HT, smaller counterions lead to greater bipolaron concentrations in the low‐doping regime due to the increased Coulomb interactions. Emphasizing the impact of the counterion size, it is shown that larger counterions can lead to increased thermoelectric power factors for rr‐P3HT.
Multi‐Parametric Decision System for Analytical Performance Assessment of Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors
Authors: Moreira Daniel C. , Carvalho Duarte Nuno , Santos Evelyn C. , Relvas João B. , Neves Miguel António Dias , Mendes Pinto Inēs 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMiniaturized three‐electrode electrochemical sensors (MES) are widely used in the advancement of innovative technologies for remote sensing applications. MESs consist of conductive electrodes that are applied onto an inert solid substrate using various techniques, such as photolithography, electroplating, and screen printing. Typical MES systems comprise working (WE) and counter (CE) electrodes based on gold (Au), paired with a reference electrode (RE) based on silver (Ag). This configuration is commonly selected due to Au's high conductivity, low resistance, and compatibility with robust organothiol chemistries, especially for the WE. Moreover, Ag is often preferred for REs owing to its low toxicity, stability, and high conductivity. Nevertheless, in uncontrolled environments outside of cleanrooms, both Au and Ag surfaces are prone to atmospheric contamination, resulting in significant sensor variability and compromised analytical performance. Therefore, it is crucial to integrate a pre‐processing stage into the sensor manufacturing process to guarantee the quality and cleanliness of MES electrode surfaces for sensor functionalization and precise electrochemical measurements. Considering the potential negative effects of methods tailored for a specific electrode material on another material, this study extensively investigates 18 different treatment methods for MESs incorporating Au CEs and WEs, along with Ag REs. Employing a multi‐parametric analysis, this study aims to identify the most effective treatment for a variety of electrode materials, thereby improving analytical accuracy and reproducibility for subsequent MES (bio)sensor applications.
Recent Advances in Bioinspired Soft Robots: Fabrication, Actuation, Tracking, and Applications
Authors: Ye Zhicheng , Zheng Limeng , Chen Wenfu , Wang Ben , Zhang Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNatural organisms offer a rich source for the construction of soft robots exhibiting autonomous and intelligent behaviors, encompassing attributes like motion, perception, and adaptability to environmental shifts. Drawing inspiration from these biological models, a multitude of soft robots have emerged, each distinguished by unique structures and functionalities enabling diverse actions, including swimming, crawling, swinging, walking, and tumbling. In this review, several soft robots and their motion modes from the perspective of specific native species are addressed. The actuation methods of soft robots are discussed, encompassing chemical, electrical, ultrasonic, optical, and magnetic actuation mechanisms. Furthermore, the application domains of soft robots, encompassing areas such as vessel recanalization, targeted drug delivery, cargo manipulation, and sensing are explored, providing a concise summary of their roles and potentials. The current challenges encountered in this research field are highlighted, and promising directions pertaining to soft robots are emphasized.
Engineering Waveguide Nonlinear Effective Length via Low Index Thin Films
Authors: Jaffray Wallace , Ali Farhan , Stengel Sven , Guo Ziheng , Schulz Sebastian A. , Di Falco Andrea , Ferrera Marcello 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNovel photonic nanowires are fabricated using low‐index materials and tested in the near‐infrared spectrum to assess their nonlinear optical properties. In this work, the need to redefine the standard nonlinear figure of merit in terms of nonlinear phase shift and optical transmission for a given propagation distance is argued. According to this new metric, the devices largely outperform all established platforms for optical modules with a linear footprint in the range of 50–500 µm, which is demonstrated to be an outstanding technological gap. For 85 fs pulses, with carrier wavelength at 1480 nm and sub‐µW power levels, a spectral broadening exceeding 80% of the initial bandwidth was recorded over a propagation length of just 50 µm. Leveraging on CMOS‐compatible processes and well‐established materials such as silicon, silica, and indium tin oxide, the devices bring great promise for developing alternative all‐optical devices with unparalleled nonlinear performances within the aforementioned range.
Robust Self‐powered Optoelectronic Synapses Based on Epitaxial InSe/GaN Heterojunction with Interfacial Charge‐Trapping Layer
Authors: Miao Xuecen , Zhang Yinuo , Lin Yunan , Lei Hong , Min Tai , Pan Yi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeuromorphic devices that parallelize perception, preprocessing, and computation functions are expected to play a significant role in future non‐von Neumann architecture computers. Herein, a new retina‐inspired broadband self‐powered optoelectronic synaptic device based on 2D/3D heterojunction of epitaxial InSe on GaN(0001) is reported. Few‐layer n‐type InSe is grown on p‐type GaN by physical vapor deposition in an ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) environment. The devices are fabricated using a shadow mask assisted UHV electrode deposition technique. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images reveal that an atomically thin amorphous layer, which induces highly efficient charge trapping, is formed at the InSe/GaN interface. The photoresponse spans from visible to near‐infrared, and the response time is prolonged to 103 ms owing to the deep trapping levels. Thus, synaptic functions, including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation with a high index of up to 170%, short‐term plasticity, and high‐pass filtering characteristics, are realized. Additionally, the synapses demonstrated the merit of realizing image sharpening and arithmetic operations on the same device under infrared and visible light illumination. This study provides a new platform of 2D/3D heterostructures for robust optoelectronic synapses that may find applications in post‐Moore era neuromorphic vision systems.