bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of Volatiles in Tunisian Populations of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: El Hadj Ali Imen Ben , Guetat Arbi , Boussaid Mohamed 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVolatiles from 14 wild Tunisian populations of Thymbra capitata (=Thymus capitatus Hoffmanns. et Link=Coridothymus capitatus Rchb.f.), sampled in five ecological areas (sub‐humid, upper semi‐arid, mean semi‐arid, lower semi‐arid, and upper arid areas) were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. Thirty‐nine constituents representing 94.2 to 99.5% of the total oil were identified. Carvacrol (38; 51.1–75.9%), p‐cymene (13; 3.7–15%), γ‐terpinene (12; 1.4–11.9%), and trans‐β‐caryophyllene (22; 2.9–4.6%) are the major compounds. A significant variation among populations and population's bioclimatic stage for the majority of compounds was shown. The chemical population structure, estimated using a principal‐component analysis (PCA) and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis performed on all populations and compounds and based on Euclidean distances among populations, was high. Both methods allowed separation of the populations into distinct groups defined rather by minor than by major compounds. The spatial compound distribution is linked to ecological factors, indicating that local selective environmental factors influence chemical‐composition diversity. Conservation strategies should involve all populations because of their low size and their high level of destruction. Populations exhibiting particular compounds other than the major ones should first be protected. In situ conservation of populations should be accomplished appropriately according to bioclimate.
The Need for Standardization of Mass Transfer Measurements in Absorption and Desorption
Authors: Kunze Anna‐Katharina , Lutze Philip , Schoenmakers Hartmut , Müller Stephan , Kopatschek Manuela , Maćkowiak Jan , Maćkowiak Jerzy , Górak Andrzej , Grünewald Marcus 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDie Dimensionierung von Ab‐ und Desorptionskolonnen ist in hohem Maße abhängig von den zugrunde gelegten Stofftransportparametern. In der Literatur zeigen sich teilweise signifikante Abweichungen bei der Bestimmung dieser Stofftransportparameter, wodurch ihre Vergleichbarkeit eingeschränkt ist. Eine standardisierte Vorgehensweise für Stofftransportmessungen in der Absorption ist deshalb erstrebenswert. Es wird gezeigt, wie eine experimentelle Methodik für die Bestimmung volumetrischer Stoffübergangskoeffizienten entwickelt wird. Darauf aufbauend wird eine standardisierte Auswertungsmethodik erarbeitet, die die Auftrennung der volumetrischen Stoffübergangsparameter in phasenspezifische Stofftransportparameter und die effektive Phasengrenzfläche ermöglicht.
Electrochemical Determination of Transmembrane Protein Na+/K+‐ATPase and Its Cytoplasmic Loop C45
Authors: Zatloukalová Martina , Orolinová Eva , Kubala Martin , Hrbáč Jan , Vacek Jan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractElectrochemistry of membrane proteins is complicated by the fact that the studied substances are poorly soluble or insoluble in aqueous environment. The solubilization of proteins using surfactants (detergents) affects the electrochemical analysis or even renders it impossible. In the present study, the electrochemistry of the transmembrane protein Na+/K+‐ATPase (NKA) and its water‐soluble isolated cytoplasmic loop C45 is described. The proteins were studied using adsorptive transfer cyclic voltammetry and square‐wave voltammetry on basal‐plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (PGE) as well as constant‐current chronopotentiometric stripping analysis on hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The nonionic surfactant octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E8) was used for NKA solubilization. Under these conditions the oxidation currents of Tyr and Trp (peak Y: +0.55 V and peak W: +0.7 V, vs. Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl) and catalytic reduction currents (peak H: −1.8 V) of NKA and C45 loop can be observed. Using the experimental procedures suggested in this study, we were able to investigate the oxidation, reduction and adsorption of NKA and C45 at femtomole level without the necessity of labeling by electroactive markers or techniques based on protein immobilization within the lipid bilayer attached to the electrode surface.
Use of solid phase microextraction to estimate toxicity: Relating fiber concentrations to body residues—part II
Authors: Ding Yuping , Landrum Peter F. , You Jing , Harwood Amanda D. , Lydy Michael J. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
In the companion paper, solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber concentrations were used as a dose metric to evaluate the toxicity of hydrophobic pesticides, and concentration–response relationships were found for the hydrophobic pesticides tested in the two test species. The present study extends the use of fiber concentrations to organism body residues to specifically address biotransformation and provide the link to toxic response. Test compounds included the organochlorines p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT), p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p′-DDD), and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE); two pyrethroids, permethrin and bifenthrin; and an organophosphate, chlorpyrifos. Toxicity, body residues, and biotransformation of the target compounds were determined for the midge Chironomus dilutus and the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Significant regression relationships were found without regard to chemical, extent of biotransformation, or whether the chemical reached steady state in the organisms. The equilibrium SPME fiber concentrations correlated with the parent compound concentration in the biota; however, the regressions were duration specific. Furthermore, the SPME fiber-based toxicity values yielded species-specific regressions with the parent compound–based toxicity values linking the use of SPME fiber as a dose metric with tissue residues to estimate toxic response. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2168–2174. © 2012 SETAC
Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindoles via a Three‐Component Condensation Reaction in H2O
Authors: Rahmati Abbas , Vakili Kobra 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of a novel series of unsymmetrically 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles in good‐to‐high yields by a one‐pot three‐component condensation reaction of 2‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1,4‐dione, an isatin, and a barbituric acid derivative, in H2O, and with p‐toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst, at 90°. The effects of solvent, temperature, and the amount of catalyst on the yield of the reaction have been investigated. Additionally, the influence of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the reactants on the selectivity of products has been examined.
HPMC supplementation reduces abdominal fat content, intestinal permeability, inflammation, and insulin resistance in diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Kim Hyunsook , Bartley Glenn E. , Young Scott A. , Davis Paul A. , Yokoyama Wallace 
Published: July 2012

ScopeThe effects of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), a highly viscous nonfermentable soluble dietary fiber, were evaluated on adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in diet‐induced obese (DIO) mice fed a high‐fat (HF) diet supplemented with either HPMC or insoluble fiber.Methods and resultsDIO C57BL/6J mice were fed a HF diet supplemented with 6% HPMC or 6% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Gene expression analyses of epididymal adipose tissue by exon microarray and real‐time PCR along with glucose and insulin tolerance and intestinal permeability were assessed. HPMC‐fed mice exhibited significantly reduced body weight gain and adipose tissue weight as well as reduced areas under the curve for 2‐h insulin and glucose responses. HPMC significantly decreased HF diet‐induced intestinal permeability. Overall, HPMC enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism and downregulated genes related to inflammation and immune response, adipogenesis, and oxidative stress markers. Pathway analysis of microarray data identified lipid metabolism, inflammatory disease, and acute phase response pathways as being differentially regulated by HPMC.ConclusionThese results suggest HPMC consumption ameliorates HF diet effects on obesity‐induced insulin resistance, adipose tissue inflammatory and immune responses, weight gain, as well as intestinal permeability.
Global Health and Primary Care: Increasing Burden of Chronic Diseases and Need for Integrated Training
Authors: Truglio Joseph , Graziano Michelle , Vedanthan Rajesh , Hahn Sigrid , Rios Carlos , Hendel‐Paterson Brett , Ripp Jonathan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNoncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes, cancer, and mental illness, are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. These diseases are chronic and often mediated predominantly by social determinants of health. Currently there exists a global‐health workforce crisis and a subsequent disparity in the distribution of providers able to manage chronic noncommunicable diseases. Clinical competency in global health and primary care could provide practitioners with the knowledge and skills needed to address the global rise of noncommunicable diseases through an emphasis on these social determinants. The past decade has seen substantial growth in the number and quality of US global‐health and primary‐care training programs, in both undergraduate and graduate medical education. Despite their overlapping competencies, these 2 complementary fields are most often presented as distinct disciplines. Furthermore, many global‐health training programs suffer from a lack of a formalized curriculum. At present, there are only a few examples of well‐integrated US global‐health and primary‐care training programs. We call for universal acceptance of global health as a core component of medical education and greater integration of global‐health and primary‐care training programs in order to improve the quality of each and increase a global workforce prepared to manage noncommunicable diseases and their social mediators. Mt Sinai J Med 79:464–474, 2012 © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Conservative integration of rigid body motion by quaternion parameters with implicit constraints
Authors: Nielsen M.B. , Krenk S. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYAn angular momentum and energy‐conserving time integration algorithm for rigid body rotation is formulated in terms of the quaternion parameters and the corresponding four‐component conjugate momentum vector via Hamilton's equations. The introduction of an extended mass matrix leads to a symmetric set of eight state‐space equations of motion. The extra inertial parameter serves as a multiplier on the kinematic constraint, and it is demonstrated that convergence characteristics are improved by selecting this parameter somewhat larger than the inertial moments. External loads enter these equations via the set of momentum equations. Initially, the normalization of the quaternion array is introduced via a Lagrange multiplier. However, this Lagrange multiplier can be expressed explicitly in terms of the gradient of the external load potential, and elimination of the Lagrange multiplier from the final format leaves only an explicit projection applied to the external load potential gradient. An algorithm is developed by forming a finite increment of the Hamiltonian. This procedure identifies the proper selection of increments and mean values, and leads to an algorithm with conservation of momentum and energy. Implementation, conservation properties, and accuracy of the algorithm are illustrated by examples with a flying box and a spinning top. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low interface state density and low leakage current of atomic‐layer deposited TiO2/Al2O3/sulfur‐treated GaAs
Authors: Lee Ming‐Kwei , Yen Chih‐Feng 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe (NH4)2S treatment can reduce native oxides and passivate GaAs. Atomic‐layer‐deposited (ALD‐Al2O3) can further remove the residue native oxides by self‐cleaning. For the first time, native oxides can be sufficiently removed by the combination of (NH4)2S treatment and ALD‐Al2O3. Stacked with high dielectric constant TiO2 prepared by atomic‐layer deposition on a Al2O3/(NH4)2S‐treated GaAs MOS capacitor, the leakage current densities can reach 1.9 × 10−8 and 3.1 × 10−6 A/cm2 at ±2 MV/cm. The dielectric constant is 25 and the interface state density is about 2.4 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1.
Comparative ab initio calculations of SrTiO3 and CaTiO3 polar (111) surfaces
Authors: Eglitis R. I. 
Published: July 2012

We present the results of calculations of SrTiO3 and CaTiO3 polar (111) surface relaxations, rumplings, energetics, optical band gaps, and charge distributions using the ab initio code CRYSTAL and a hybrid description of exchange and correlation. We have calculated the surface relaxation of the two possible terminations (Ti and SrO3 or CaO3) of the SrTiO3 and CaTiO3 (111) surfaces. According to our calculations, atoms of the first surface layer relax inwards for Ti‐, SrO3‐, and CaO3‐terminated (111) surfaces of both materials. The only exception is outward relaxation of the SrO3‐terminated SrTiO3 (111) surface upper layer Sr atom. For both Ti‐terminated SrTiO3 and CaTiO3 (111) surfaces our calculated second layer Sr and Ca metal atom inward relaxations are approximately four and two times larger than the upper layer Ti atom inward relaxation. Our calculated optical band gap for the SrO3‐ and Ti‐terminated SrTiO3, as well as for CaO3‐terminated CaTiO3 (111) surfaces, becomes smaller with respect to the bulk optical band gap. Our calculated surface energies for SrO3‐ and CaO3‐terminated SrTiO3 and CaTiO3 (111) surfaces (6.30 and 5.86 eV) are considerably larger than the surface energies for Ti‐terminated SrTiO3 and CaTiO3 (111) surfaces (4.99 and 4.18 eV). Our B3LYP calculations indicate a considerable increase of Ti–O chemical bond covalency near the SrTiO3 and CaTiO3 (111) surface (+0.098e and +0.094e) relative to the SrTiO3 and CaTiO3 bulk (+0.088e and +0.084e).
State estimation for two‐dimensional complex networks with randomly occurring nonlinearities and randomly varying sensor delays
Authors: Liang Jinling , Wang Zidong , Liu Yurong , Liu Xiaohui 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with the state estimation problem for two‐dimensional (2D) complex networks with randomly occurring nonlinearities and randomly varying sensor delays. To describe the fact that measurement delays may occur in a probabilistic way, the randomly varying sensor delays are introduced in the delayed sensor measurements. The randomly occurring nonlinearity, on the other hand, is included to account for the phenomenon of nonlinear disturbances appearing in a random fashion that is governed by a Bernoulli distributed white sequence with known conditional probability. The stochastic Brownian motions are also considered, which enter into not only the coupling terms of the complex networks but also the measurements of the output systems. Through available actual network measurements, a state estimator is designed to estimate the true states of the considered 2D complex networks. By utilizing an energy‐like function, the Kronecker product and some stochastic analysis techniques, several sufficient criteria are established in terms of matrix inequalities under which the 2D estimation error dynamics is globally asymptotically stable in the mean square. Furthermore, the explicit expression of the estimator gains is also characterized. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design method proposed in this paper. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ASSESSING IMPACTS OF DAM OPERATIONS—INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES FOR SUSTAINABLE REGULATED RIVER MANAGEMENT
Authors: Bruno M. C. , Siviglia A. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTA special session of the European Geosciences Union General Assembly held in Vienna on 2–7 May 2010 was dedicated to the assessment of the impacts of hydropeaking, definition and implementation of environmental flows, implementation of experimental releases and flushing floods and proposal of mitigation measures, including dam removal and dam re‐operation. This special issue contributes to the understanding of consequences of dam operations, promoting interdisciplinary works in the ecohydrology field and stimulating scientific exchange between ecologists, hydrologists, geomorphologists, engineers and end‐users to develop a unified view of the problems of flow regulation below dams. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The consequences of “school improvement”: Examining the association between two standardized assessments measuring school improvement and student science achievement
Authors: Maltese Adam V. , Hochbein Craig D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFor more than half a century concerns about the ability of American students to compete in a global workplace focused policymakers' attention on improving school performance generally, and student achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) specifically. In its most recent form—No Child Left Behind—there is evidence this focus led to a repurposing of instructional time to dedicate more attention to tested subjects. While this meant a narrowing of the curriculum to focus on English and mathematics at the elementary level, the effects on high school curricula have been less clear and generally absent from the research literature. In this study, we sought to explore the relationship between school improvement efforts and student achievement in science and thus explore the intersection of school reform and STEM policies. We used school‐level data on state standardized test scores in English and math to identify schools as either improving or declining over three consecutive years. We then compared the science achievement of students from these schools as measured by the ACT Science exams. Our findings from three consecutive cohorts, including thousands of high school students who attended 12th grade in 2008, 2009, and 2010 indicate that students attending improving schools identified by state administered standardized tests generally performed no better on a widely administered college entrance exam with tests in science, math and English. In 2010, students from schools identified as improving in English scored nearly one‐half of a point lower than their peers from declining schools on both the ACT Science and Math exams. We discuss various interpretations and implications of these results and suggest areas for future research. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 804–830, 2012
Simulating the dynamics of wind turbine blades: part I, model development and verification
Authors: Mollineaux Mark G. , Van Buren Kendra L. , Hemez François M. , Atamturktur Sezer 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIn the state of the art of modeling and simulation of wind turbines, verification and validation (V&V) is a somewhat underdeveloped field. The purpose of this paper is to spotlight the process of a completely integrated V&V procedure, as it is applied to a wind turbine blade. The novelty, besides illustrating the application of V&V to blade modeling, is to challenge the conventional separation between verification and validation activities. First, simple closed‐form solutions for bending stress, torsional stress and mode shapes of a hollow cylinder are derived analytically to verify the ANSYS finite element software. Shell‐281 elements are used to approximate these closed‐form solutions and demonstrate that the software runs properly. The grid convergence index is used to quantify the degree of numerical uncertainty that results. Next, model development and verification activities are applied to the CX‐100 blade designed at the Sandia National Laboratories. A three‐dimensional model is developed based on the actual geometry of the CX‐100 blade. For simplicity, the model assumes smeared cross sections with uniform, isotropic material properties. Solution verification is performed to quantify the numerical uncertainty due to mesh discretization of the finite element model. The mesh refinement study provides evidence that the model leads to numerical solutions located in the regime of asymptotic convergence. We depart from the conventional V&V paradigm by proposing that the level of mesh discretization should be based on an assessment of experimental variability. Instead of choosing the mesh size ‘in a vacuum’, it is selected such that the overall numerical uncertainty caused by truncation effects is similar to, or smaller than, the test‐to‐test variability. This rationale guarantees that predictions are sufficiently accurate relative to the level of uncertainty with which physical tests can be replicated. Part II of this work highlights the V&V steps implemented to quantify sensitivities of the model and further quantify the prediction uncertainty caused by our imperfect knowledge of the idealized material description. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low Rates of African American Participation in Genetic Counseling and Testing for BRCA1/2 Mutations: Racial Disparities or Just a Difference?
Authors: Halbert Chanita Hughes , Kessler Lisa , Collier Aliya , Weathers Benita , Stopfer Jill , Domchek Susan , McDonald Jasmine A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLow rates of genetic counseling among African American women have generated concerns about disparities; however, to the extent that women's decisions to accept or decline counseling are consistent with their values, then lower participation may reflect preferences and not disparities. We evaluated the extent to which women were satisfied with their decision about participating in genetic counseling for BRCA1/2 mutations and identified variables that were associated significantly with satisfaction. Prospective study of decision satisfaction with 135 African American women who had a minimum 5% prior probability of having a BRCA1/2 mutation. Decision satisfaction was evaluated one month after women were offered participation in genetic counseling using a structured questionnaire. Women were satisfied with their participation decision; more than 80% reported that their decision was consistent with their family values. However, women who declined pre‐test counseling had significantly lower satisfaction scores. Our findings highlight the importance ensuring that racial differences that are due to preferences and values are not misclassified as disparities in order to identify and address the root causes of disparate treatment.
Quand la contraception se décline au masculin : un processus de sensibilisation et d’appropriation sous contrainte
Authors: Desjeux C. 
Published: July 2012

RésuméLes représentations collectives véhiculent l’image d’hommes irresponsables dans le domaine de la contraception. Cependant, cette perception tend à occulter une partie des comportements des hommes qui prennent activement part dans la contraception. En effet, face à une demande féminine, une partie des hommes s’inscrivent dans une logique de soutien et de partage des responsabilités contraceptives. Cette position s’inscrit dans un double processus. D’une part, il est activé par une dynamique de sensibilisation qui passe par les femmes et qui permet de construire une image positive quant à la participation des hommes à la contraception. D’autre part, la mise en pratique de ce type de méthode demande une phase d’appropriation et de réflexivité. Il s’agit alors de repenser la contraception, non seulement par rapport aux femmes, mais aussi et surtout par rapport à soi. Ainsi, nous verrons que les hommes ont différents degrés d’engagement contraceptif.