bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inherent versus random variation in fitness of elephant seals: offspring quality and quantity
Authors: Condit Richard , Reiter Joanne , Morris Patricia A. , Oliver Guy W. , Robinson Patrick W. , Costa Daniel P. , Beltran Roxanne S. , Le Boeuf Burney J. 
Published: May 2024

Variation in reproductive success is the basis of evolution and allows species to respond to the environment, but only when it is based on fixed individual variation that is heritable. Several recent studies suggest that observed variation in reproduction is due to chance, not inherent individual differences. Our aim was to quantify inherent versus neutral variation in fitness of northern elephant seal ( Mirounga angustirostris (Gill, 1866)) females, including both quality and quantity of their offspring. Using 44 years of observations at Año Nuevo in California, we assembled lifetime pup production of 1065 individual females and mass at weaning for 2120 of their pups. Females varied significantly in mean lifetime mass of their pups, with 28% of the variance due to fixed individual differences among mothers. Variation was repeatable over 6 years of a mother’s lifetime and heritable ( h = 0.48). Moreover, pup mass at weaning was associated with future lifetime fitness, since larger pups had a higher chance of surviving to breed. Larger pups, however, did not produce more offspring once breeding, and lifetime pup production was not heritable. Traits related to offspring quality in elephant seals were inherently different among females, but variation in pup production was neutral.
Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction
Authors: Zhang Shunkang , Qi Ji , Yao Xin , Brinkmann André 
Published: May 2024

Learned indexes use machine learning techniques to improve index construction. However, they often face a fundamental trade-off between performance and memory consumption, especially in dynamic environments with frequent insert and delete operations. This trade-off stems from the construction approaches used in learned indexes: The top-down approach increases performance at the cost of significant memory overhead, while the bottom-up approach focuses on memory efficiency but introduces performance issues due to prediction errors. % A unified solution that simultaneously optimizes performance and memory consumption in dynamic data management scenarios is therefore highly desirable.
We propose Hyper, a highly efficient learned index with a novel two-phase hybrid construction approach. Our approach combines bottom-up construction for leaf nodes with top-down construction for inner nodes to achieve an optimal balance between performance and memory consumption. Hyper effectively handles concurrent writes and structure adjustments without sacrificing query performance. We evaluated Hyper on both simple and complex real-world datasets and compared it to seven state-of-the-art learned indexes and several traditional data structures for dynamic workloads. The evaluation results show that Hyper achieves a remarkable performance boost of up to 3.75× with significantly reduced index memory consumption of up to 1610× in the single-thread evaluation. In high concurrency scenarios, Hyper even achieves improvements up to 5.73×, 3.72×, and 3.99× in read-only, read-write, and write-only workloads.
ROME: Robust Query Optimization via Parallel Multi-Plan Execution
Authors: Wei Ziyun , Trummer Immanuel 
Published: May 2024

We present a non-intrusive approach to robust query processing that can be used on top of any SQL execution engine. To reduce the risk of selecting highly sub-optimal query plans, we execute multiple plans in parallel. Query processing finishes once the first of these plans finishes execution.
Plans are selected to be complementary in terms of the intermediate results they generate. This increases robustness to cardinality estimation errors, making cost prediction hard, that concern a subset of candidate results. We present multiple cost-based approaches to selecting plans for robust execution. The first approach uses a simple cost model, based on diversity of intermediate results. The second approach features a probabilistic model, approximating expected execution overheads, given uncertainty on true intermediate result sizes. We present greedy and exhaustive algorithms to select optimal plans according to those cost models. The experiments demonstrate that executing multiple plans in parallel is preferable over executing single plans that are occasionally sub-optimal, as well as over several baselines.
Unstructured Data Fusion for Schema and Data Extraction
Authors: Chen Kaiwen , Koudas Nick 
Published: May 2024

Recently, there has been significant interest in extracting actionable insights from the abundance of unstructured textual data. In this paper, we introduce a novel problem, which we term Semistructured Schema and Data Extraction (SDE). This task aims to enhance and complete tables using information discovered from textual repositories, given partial table specifications in the form of queries. To effectively solve SDE, several challenges must be overcome, which involve transforming the partial table specifications into effective queries, retrieving relevant documents, discerning values for partially specified attributes, inferring additional attributes, and constructing an enriched output table while mitigating the influence of false positives from the retrieval.
We propose an end-to-end pipeline for SDE, which consists of a retrieval component and an augmentation component, to address each of the challenges. In the retrieval component, we serialize the partial table specifications into a query and employ a dense passage retrieval algorithm to extract the top-k relevant results from the text repository. Subsequently, the augmentation component ingests the output documents from the retrieval phase and generates an enriched table. We formulate this table enrichment task as a unique sequence-to-sequence task, distinct from traditional approaches, as it operates on multiple documents during generation. Utilizing an interpolation mechanism on the encoder output, our model maintains a nearly constant context length while automatically prioritizing the importance of documents during the generation.
Due to the novelty of SDE, we establish a validation methodology, adapting and expanding existing benchmarks with the use of powerful large language models. Our extensive experiments show that our method achieves high accuracy in enriching query tables through multi-document fusion, while also surpassing baseline methods in both accuracy and computational efficiency.
Love and Entwined Selves in the Medieval Tristan Tradition
Authors: Clarke Isabella 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This essay examines the medieval presentation of emotions and selfhood through the lens of romantic love in Marie de France’s Chevrefoil and Thomas of Britain’s Tristran, as well as their Middle High German and Old Norse translations. The focus is on the alteration or destruction of a discrete self through the experience of romantic love. By drawing on both modern scientific understandings and medieval conceptualisations of love, the essay explores how an altered sense of self is central to experiencing and portraying the emotion. However, the exact degree and nature of this alteration varies in the different texts presented here, ranging from complete fusion in Gottfried von Strassburg’s Tristan to mutually supportive entwining in the Old Norse Geitarlauf and Tristrams saga ok Ísöndar.
CWRF Downscaling with Improved Land Surface Initialization Enhances Spring–Summer Seasonal Climate Prediction Skill in China
Authors: Zhang Han , Liang Xin-Zhong , Dai Yongjiu , Song Lianchun , Li Qingquan , Wang Fang , Zhang Shulei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigates skill enhancement in operational seasonal forecasts of Beijing Climate Center’s Climate System Model through regional Climate–Weather Research and Forecasting (CWRF) downscaling and improved land initialization in China. The downscaling mitigates regional climate biases, enhancing precipitation pattern correlations by 0.29 in spring and 0.21 in summer. It also strengthens predictive capabilities for interannual anomalies, expanding skillful temperature forecast areas by 6% in spring and 12% in summer. Remarkably, during 7 of 10 years with relatively high predictability, the downscaling increases average seasonal precipitation anomaly correlations by 0.22 and 0.25. Additionally, the substitution of initial land conditions via a Common Land Model integration reduces snow cover and cold biases across the Tibetan Plateau and Mongolia–northeast China, consistently contributing to CWRF’s overall enhanced forecasting capabilities. Improved downscaling predictive skill is attributed to CWRF’s enhanced physics representation, accurately capturing intricate regional interactions and associated teleconnections across China, especially linked to the Tibetan Plateau’s blocking and thermal effects. In summer, CWRF predicts an intensified South Asian high alongside a strengthened East Asian jet compared to CSM, amplifying cold air advection and warm moisture transport over central to northeast regions. Consequently, rainfall distributions and interannual anomalies over these areas experience substantial improvements. Similar enhanced circulation processes elucidate skill improvement from land initialization, where the accurate specification of initial snow cover and soil temperature within sensitive regions persists in influencing local and remote circulations extending beyond two seasons. Our findings emphasize the potential of improving physics representation and surface initialization to markedly enhance regional climate predictions.
Impact of Assimilating Radar Solid Precipitation Data in the Canadian Precipitation Analysis System
Authors: Beaudry Florence L. , Bélair Stéphane , Thériault Julie M. , Khedhaouiria Dikra , Lespinas Franck , Michelson Daniel , Feng Pei-Ning , Aubry Catherine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Canadian Precipitation Analysis (CaPA) system provides near-real-time precipitation analyses over Canada by combining observations with short-term numerical weather prediction forecasts. CaPA’s snowfall estimates suffer from the lack of accurate solid precipitation measurements to correct the first-guess estimate. Weather radars have the potential to add precipitation measurements to CaPA in all seasons but are not assimilated in winter due to radar snowfall estimate imprecision and lack of precipitation gauges for calibration. The main objective of this study is to assess the impact of assimilating Canadian dual-polarized radar-based snowfall data in CaPA to improve precipitation estimates. Two sets of experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of including radar snowfall retrievals, one set using the high-resolution CaPA (HRDPA) with the currently operational quality control configuration and another increasing the number of assimilated surface observations by relaxing quality control. Experiments spanned two winter seasons (2021 and 2022) in central Canada, covering part of the entire CaPA domain. The results showed that the assimilation of radar-based snowfall data improved CaPA’s precipitation estimates 81.75% of the time for 0.5-mm precipitation thresholds. An increase in the probability of detection together with a decrease in the false alarm ratio suggested an improvement of the precipitation spatial distribution and estimation accuracy. Additionally, the results showed improvements for both precipitation mass and frequency biases for low precipitation amounts. For larger thresholds, the frequency bias was degraded. The results also indicated that the assimilation of dual-polarization radar data is beneficial for the two CaPA configurations tested in this study.
Recency of Suicide Attempt, Ideation, and Reattempt in the Emergency Department: Managing Youth With a Past Attempt
Authors: Wei August X. , Mournet Annabelle M. , Bridge Jeffrey A. , Ruch Donna A. , Pao Maryland , Horowitz Lisa M. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThis study describes recency of suicide attempt (SA) and suicidal ideation (SI) at index emergency department (ED) visit and post‐ED‐discharge reattempt among pediatric patients.MethodsSecondary analysis from the ED Screen for Teens at Risk for Suicide study included patients ages 12–17 who reported a past SA during screening and received a phone call 3‐month post‐ED‐discharge assessing reattempt. Logistic regressions tested past SA/SI recency as predictors of reattempt. Descriptive statistics on SA/SI recency and reattempt are provided.ResultsSample included 351 patients reporting a past SA during screening (70% cisgender female, 59% White, 53% psychiatric chief complaint, mean [SD] age = 15.3 [1.5]). 17% (60/351) reattempted suicide post‐ED‐discharge. Compared to patients who attempted over a year ago, patients with recent SA within 3 months, especially 1 week before screening, had greater odds of reattempting (3 months: p < 0.05, adjusted odds ratio [adjOR] = 3.1 [1.1–10.4]; 1 week: p < 0.01, adjOR = 4.8 [1.7–16.2]). Patients with recent SI within 24 h before screening had greater odds of reattempting than those with no recent SI (adjOR = 2.8 [1.1–7.6]; p < 0.05). 94% (64/68) of patients with a SA from over a year ago and no recent SI did not reattempt at follow‐up.ConclusionsPediatric ED patients have greater risk of reattempting suicide post‐discharge if their last SA was within the past 3 months−especially 1 week−and when most recent SI occurred within 24 h. Conversely, patients reporting SA over a year ago with no recent SI may require less immediate intervention. Findings support universal suicide risk screening and clinical pathways that use recency of SA to inform disposition.
Traumatic Bilateral Brachial Plexus Injuries in an Adult: A Conservative Approach
Authors: Jerome J. Terrence Jose 
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims: Traumatic bilateral brachial plexus injuries in adults are rare and present unique challenges in management. We report a case of a 21-year-old veterinary student who sustained bilateral brachial plexus injuries following a fall from a moving two-wheeler. Case Presentation: The patient suffered a C5,6 brachial plexus injury on the right side and a C5–7 injury on the left side. Remarkably, the right-sided injury showed signs of recovery after four months, while the left-sided injury took seven months to resolve completely. Despite the severity of the injuries, the patient underwent a conservative approach and did not undergo any surgical intervention. Results: Following months of dedicated rehabilitation, the patient achieved significant recovery and was able to return to her veterinary studies. This case highlights the potential for recovery in traumatic bilateral brachial plexus injuries with conservative management, emphasising the importance of patient-specific treatment strategies and rehabilitation protocols. Conclusion: Conservative management can lead to significant recovery in traumatic bilateral brachial plexus injuries. Patient-specific treatment strategies and dedicated rehabilitation are crucial components of successful outcomes in such cases.
A case of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia in a lung cancer patient receiving atezolizumab maintenance
Authors: Teymouri Farzad , Dasanu Constantin A. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are linked with various cutaneous side effects ranging from mild to life-threatening. Herein, we present a unique case of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) in a patient treated with atezolizumab. Case report A 72-year-old white man was diagnosed with Tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage IIIA lung adenocarcinoma in November 2022. He underwent right lower lobectomy and mediastinal lymphadenectomy followed by adjuvant cisplatin-pemetrexed. As of May 2023, he did not have any evidence of relapse. He then started switch maintenance therapy with atezolizumab. At 24 weeks, the patient developed erythematous palmar skin lesions, followed by blisters and peeling of both palms, which were associated with swelling and pain, consistent with grade 2 PPE. Management and outcome Causality assessment between nivolumab and PPE via adverse drug reaction probability scale revealed a score of 5. Atezolizumab was continued, and he started on a cream consisting of trolamine and 75% water to palms twice daily. A follow-up visit 6 weeks later showed significant improvement in symptoms and appearance of palmar lesions. Discussion Cutaneous side effects are commonly seen with ICIs. PPE is a common dermatologic toxicity of certain tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This effect has been previously reported with combination therapies consisting of an ICI plus a TKIs, but not with ICI monotherapy. Awareness of this potential side effect of ICIs would prevent unnecessary work-up, and lead to its prompt diagnosis and treatment.
The Feasibility and Reliability of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients With Negative Axillary Lymph Nodes—A Meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Mengjie , Liu Yu , Huang Zenan , Zhu Qingqing , Huang Yong 
Published: May 2024

Background: The application of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has expanded from early breast cancer to locally advanced breast cancer with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). For patients with negative axillary lymph nodes, performing SLNB before or after NAC remains controversial. Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic feasibility and reliability of SLNB after NAC in breast cancer patients with negative axillary nodes at initial diagnosis. Design: To calculate pooled identification rate (IR) and false negative rate (FNR) of SLNB after NAC on breast cancer patients with initially negative axillary nodes by enrolling relevant studies and perform subgroup analysis by the type of tracer and the number of biopsied sentinel lymph nodes in average. Data sources and methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from January 1, 2002, to March 1, 2022, were searched for studies. The QUADAS-2 tool and MINORS item were employed to evaluate the quality of the included studies. I2 and Q tests were used to evaluate the heterogeneity among the studies. Random-effects model and fixed-effects model were employed to calculate the pooled IR, FNR, and 95% confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was evaluated, and sensitivity analysis was performed. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the type of tracer (single/double) and the number of biopsied sentinel lymph nodes in average (⩽2/>2). Results: A total of 21 studies covering 1716 patients were enrolled in this study (IR = 93%, 95% CI = 90-96; FNR = 8%, 95% CI = 6-11). Conclusion: The SLNB after NAC can serve as a feasible and reliable approach in breast cancer patients with negative axillary lymph node. In our study, no significant impact of tracer was found on the IR and FNR of SLNB, and the number of biopsy nodes >2 leads to the decreased FNR of SLNB.
Analyzing Factors Affecting Farmers’ Safe Pesticide Handling Practices in Southwest of Ethiopia: Implications for Policy
Authors: Hussen Ahmed Hawi , Astatike Higemengist , Fekadu Samuel , Mekonen Seblework 
Published: May 2024

Background: Pesticides play a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity by controlling pests. However, inadequate pesticide handling practices have a considerable adverse impact on human health. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the extent of safe pesticide handling practices, particularly in low-income settings like Ethiopia. Hence, this study seeks to evaluate the implementation of safe pesticide handling practices and identify the factors associated with the status of the handling practices in low-income settings in Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken, involving 468 farmers randomly selected for participation. Data collection was carried out through structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. The analysis aimed to assess the proportion of safe pesticide handling practices (SPHP) and investigate the factors associated with SPHP was done using binary logistic regression. Explanatory variables with a P-value <0.25 were included in the final analysis. The factors were determined based on adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, P-value <.05. Model fit was evaluated using the Hosmer and Lemeshow tests. Results: From the findings of our study, only 45.7% of farmers practiced SPHP, with factors such as education, experience, pesticide usage, and attitude toward safe practices influencing their practices. Farmers with education status primary and above were two times more likely to practice good handling of pesticides than those who didn’t attend formal education. Farmers with a maximum of 5 years of experience in vegetable farming were 2.4 times more likely to exhibit good handling practices compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, farmers with favorable attitudes toward pesticide handling were 4.2 times more likely to engage in good pesticide handling practices than those with unfavorable attitudes. Therefore, the agricultural sectors, health sectors, and farmer associations should focus on these factors in order to mitigate the health risks associated with poor pesticide handling.
Insertional code-switching as interactional resource in Mandarin–English bilingual conversation
Authors: Wang Wei 
Published: May 2024

Aims and Objectives: This study investigates the interactional relevance of insertional code-switching, that is, insertion of other-language words/phrases, in Mandarin–English bilingual conversation. It focuses on a next speaker’s (dis)alignment with an insertion in an adjacency pair and its import to the ongoing interaction. Methodology: This study adopts the framework of conversation analysis, which seeks to describe the underlying organization of talk-in-interaction. It features analyses warranted by techniques and signals in conversation that are demonstrably relevant to conversation participants. Data and Analysis: The data come from CallFriend Mandarin Corpus. Speakers are native speakers of Mandarin Chinese who resided in the United States at the time of recording. First, all instances of insertional code-switching were extracted with the extended context, filtering out those not occurring in an adjacency pair. Next, sequential analysis was conducted to examine the interactional import of a next speaker’s alignment and disalignment, respectively, when insertional code-switching occurs in an adjacency pair. Findings: This study discovers that a next speaker’s alignment with an insertion is sequentially preferred over disalignment. When different language choice over the same word occurs, speakers orient to it as problematic and then repair it, such that, alignment is achieved. Disalignment is used to claim the current speaker’s more authoritative status in the matter concerned. Originality: A large bulk of literature on insertional code-switching has focused on its syntactic constraints and semantic conditions; its interactional functions in bilingual conversation have not received as much attention. This study reveals that insertional code-switching works as an extra resource for bilingual speakers to achieve interactional alignment. Significance: This study challenges the view that insertional code-switching is not sequentially implicative by showing that it does place sequential constraints on the next speaker. It further argues that such sequential implicativeness can be exploited to establish finely calibrated alignment and index epistemic status.