bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Normalization Process Theory (NPT) to explore implementation of the Maternal Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) Policy in Uganda: A reflection
Authors: Walugembe David Roger , Plamondon Katrina , Kaharuza Frank , Waiswa Peter , Wylie Lloy , Wathen Nadine , Kothari Anita 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The implementation of the maternal perinatal death surveillance and response (MPDSR) policy is among the envisaged strategies to reduce the high global burden of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. However, implementation of this policy across various contexts is inconsistent. Theoretically informed approaches to process evaluation can support assessment the implementation of policy interventions such as MPDSR, particularly in understanding what the actors involved actually do. In this article, we reflect on how the Normalization Process Theory (NPT) was used to explore implementation of the MPDSR Policy in Uganda. NPT is a sociological theory concerned with the social organization of the work (implementation) of making practices routine elements of everyday life (embedding) and of sustaining embedded practices in their social contexts (integration).
Methods
This qualitative multiple case study conducted across eight districts in Uganda and among ten health facilities (cases) representing four out of the seven levels of the Uganda health care system. NPT was utilized in several ways including informing the study design, structuring the data collection tools (semi-structured interview guides), providing an organizing framework for analysis, interpreting and reporting of study findings as well as making recommendations. Study participants were purposively selected to reflect the range of actors involved in the policy implementation process. This included direct care providers located at each of the cases, the Ministry of Health, and from agencies and professional associations. Data were collected using semi-structured, in-depth interviews and were inductively and deductively analyzed using NPT constructs and subconstructs.
Results and conclusion
NPT served useful for process evaluation, particularly in identifying factors that contribute to variations in policy implementation. Considering the NPT focus on the agency of people involved in implementation, additional efforts are required to understand how recipients of the policy intervention influence how the intervention becomes embedded within the various contexts.
Preventive effect of combined compression and cooling therapy on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in taxane-based chemotherapy for lung cancer
Authors: Nakajima Yasuhiro , Kuribayashi Kozo , Tada Akio , Nagano Akichika , Otsuki Taiichiro , Minami Toshiyuki , Kanehiro Arihiko , Kijima Takashi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Currently, taxane-based cytotoxic anticancer drugs are the drug of choice for chemotherapy in various carcinomas. However, they can induce chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), which often has a significant impact on quality of life. Currently, only duloxetine is recommended for the relief of CIPN pain, but it does not provide significant improvement and it is important to prevent the onset of CIPN. There are few reports of preventive effects on chemotherapy for lung cancer and little is known about the combination of compression and cooling therapies.
Methods
At our institution, we have conducted a study in patients with advanced lung cancer on a taxane-containing regimen, using a combination of compression therapy and cooling therapy, to determine the preventive effect on CIPN.
Results
The results showed a reduction in the incidence of CIPN in the group treated with combination therapy compared with previous reports, while ensuring safety.
Conclusion
We believe that the combination of compression and cooling therapy may be useful in the prevention of CIPN.
Long-Term Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Imaging of Live Unlabeled Small Intestinal Organoids Using Low-Coherence Holotomography
Authors: Park YongKeun , Lee Mahn Jae , Lee Jaehyeok , Ha Jeongmin , Kim Geon , Kim Hye-Jin , Lee Sumin , Koo Bon-Kyoung 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Organoids, which are miniature, in vitro versions of organs, present significant potential for studying human diseases and elucidating underlying mechanisms. To fully appreciate and understand the complex structure and dynamic biological phenomena of organoids, live imaging techniques play a crucial role in the field of organoid research. However, challenges in live, unlabeled high-resolution imaging of native organoids are prevalent, primarily due to the complexities of sample handling and optical scattering inherent in three-dimensional (3D) structures. Additionally, conventional imaging methods fall short in capturing the real-time dynamic processes of growing organoids. In this study, we introduce low-coherence holotomography as an advanced, label-free, quantitative imaging modality, designed to overcome related technical obstacles for long-term live imaging of 3D organoids. We demonstrate its efficacy by capturing high-resolution morphological details and dynamic activities within mouse small intestinal organoids at subcellular resolution. Moreover, our approach facilitates the distinction between viable and non-viable organoids, significantly enhancing its utility in organoid-based research. This advancement underscores the critical role of live imaging in organoid studies, offering a more comprehensive understanding of these complex systems.
Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of medical students towards designer drugs in Cairo university: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sara Ayham R. , Attia Abla Abdalmeguid , Mohammed Mai Ahmed , Alrabadi Saif E. , Essam Bassam , Albatrawi Amro A. M. , Alrubasy Warda A. , Sameer Shams Khalid , Taha Ahmad J. , Abuawwad Mohammad T. , Taha Mohammad J. J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Designer drugs, which are psychoactive substances with ever-changing compositions, pose a significant challenge in terms of detection and treatment within the community. Given that medical students will play a crucial role as future doctors, there is a greater need for them to acquire knowledge about these substances. A total of 614 medical students participated in the study survey. In terms of knowledge level, 76.3% of students were familiar with synthetic marijuana, 70% with strox, and 53.3% with crystal myth. Social media platforms served as the primary source of knowledge for 70% of students, followed by friends (54%) and TV (49%). Regarding student perceptions, the majority (90%) believed that taking designer drugs is prohibited by religion, social norms, and the law. Additionally, 90% of students agreed that social media platforms are effective in increasing awareness about the risks of designer drugs, although more than 37% acknowledged that social media reports could potentially increase curiosity to try these substances. While only 20.4% had encountered patients using designer drugs, approximately 92% expressed a desire for more information on these substances to better fulfill their duty of raising awareness in society (87%). Findings of this study bring attention to the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of medical students at Cairo University regarding the issue of designer drugs. While their knowledge level is generally acceptable, participants expressed a need for more information, highlighting the importance of incorporating additional education on designer drugs into the medical curriculum.
Psychometric Evaluation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale Hindi Translation in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain
Authors: Mir Manzoor Ahmad , Iram Iram , Tanwar Tarushi , Aldabbas Mosab , Zaidi Sahar , Veqar Zubia , Ghulam Hussain Saleh H , Alkhamis Batool Abdulelah , Alnakhi Hani Hassan , Mukherjee Debjani , Ahmad Irshad , Sufyan Muhammad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective: The study's goal was to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and establish the psychometric properties of the Hindi version of the Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale [H-CNFDS] in chronic neck pain patients.
Method: It was a cross-sectional design of study where researchers adapted the English version of CNFDS into the Hindi language.
Setting: Participants were recruited from Physiotherapy clinics, & hospitals in Delhi, India.
Participants: Initial Researchers initially tested the Hindi version of CNFDS [H-CNFDS] on 60 participants enrolled in a pilot study. We enrolled an additional 20 participants for a cognitive debriefing on the final version of H-CN. After cross-cultural adaptation, we enrolled 100 more participants for psychometric testing of the final version of H-CNFDS, excluding those included for pilot testing and cognitive debriefing.
Intervention: We administered H-CNFDS, NDI, and NPRS to 100 prospectively enrolled participants with neck pain. After 48 hours, we also conducted a retest on 50 randomly selected participants from the initial group of 100.
Outcomes: We conducted statistical analysis to establish center reliability, test-retest consistency, tolerability, face, content, and construct validity.
Result: The ICC [2,1] obtained a test-retest score of 0.98 [95% confidence interval = 0.978–0.993], indicating excellent test-retest reliability of H-CNFDS. The value of Cronbach’s α for internal reliability was 0.98, which exhibited excellent internal reliability of H-CNFDS, and the SEM of the total scores of H-CNFDS was 0.16. The association between H-CNFDS and H-NDI was significant [r = 0.57], and the values suggested good construct validity.
Conclusion: The findings conclude that the Hindi version of CNFDS is a reliable and effective tool for evaluating pain and disability in chronic neck pain among Hindi-speaking patients in Indian research and clinical settings.
Effect of metal oxide contents on the structure and performance of spray dried CrVO4/SiO2 catalysts for the ammoxidation of chlorotoluenes
Authors: Tong Jiale , Huang Yeyin , Tang Wanjun , You Qingliang , Xie Guangyong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This work aims at developing a customized ammoxidation catalyst through optimizing the metal oxide content in CrVO4/SiO2 catalysts. Various amounts of Cr-V-O with 1:1 molar ratio of Cr/V were successfully loaded on SiO2 via spray drying method with colloidal silica as the binder. Polarized light microscope (PLM) illustrated that the CrVO4/SiO2 particles presented as well dispersed microspheres in the micro size (20-80 μm). X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) confirmed the formation of monoclinic CrVO4 phase wherein the metal oxide content was ranged from 30 to 70 weight percent. FT-IR spectra indicated that the introduction of metal oxide had no obvious effects on the skeletal structure of SiO2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the valence state of V and Cr was hardly affected with increasing the metal oxide content. Performances of the obtained CrVO4/SiO2 catalysts with different metal oxide contents were investigated via the ammoxidation of a model compound namely; para-chlorotoluene. As a result of catalytic test, the CrVO4/SiO2 catalyst with 60% metal oxide content exhibited the best catalytic performance. In addition, this catalyst was an efficient and selective catalyst toward ammoxidation reactions of toluene, ortho- and meta-chlorotoluenes.
A state-transition-free, delayed-feedback task elicits heterogeneous human responses
Authors: Hirata Satoshi , Sato Yutaro , Kuroshima Hika , Sakai Yutaka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Humans and nonhuman animals learn to perform actions by associating actions with outcomes. In everyday life, outcomes sometimes occur only after a delay, and at an unexpected moment. The ability to connect actions and delayed outcomes has received less attention than performance in tasks where rewards follow the most recent state and action. Here, we investigated humans’ ability to link actions and outcomes which occurred after an intervening cognitive task. We prepared a total of six visual stimuli for use in three types of trials: A vs B, where choosing A immediately led to reward and choosing B was never rewarded, C vs D, where neither choice was immediately rewarded but choice of C led to reward in a later E vs F trial, and E vs F, where neither stimulus was associated with reward but a reward was given based on choice of C in a previous trial. The quasi-random trial sequence meant that the next trial type was independent of choice in the current trial, ensuring a state-transition-free task structure. Results showed that some individuals learned to choose C, thereby receiving a delayed reward. We also observed large individual differences in participants’ explicit and implicit understanding of the link between action and delayed outcome, choice bias with no causal relationship but with close proximity to reward, and persistence of choice that actually reduced reward rates. Our results offer new insights into the ability to cognitively link actions and outcomes following a time lag.
Nomogram for Predicting Post-progression-free Survival in Patients with Recurrent Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma after Radical Surgery
Authors: Qin Dailei , Xi Pu , Huang Kewei , Jiang Lingmin , Yao Zeihui , Wei Ran , Li Shengping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Radical resection is the only curative method for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, nearly 85% of PDAC patients suffer from local or distant recurrence within five years after curative resection. Furthermore, the progression of recurrent lesions accelerated the death of PDAC patients. However, the influence of clinicopathological factors on post-progression-free survival (PPFS), defined as the period from tumor recurrence to the timing of the progression of recurrent lesions, has rarely been discussed. The present study aimed to explore the independent prognostic factors for PPFS and construct a nomogram for PPFS prediction.
Methods: The 200 recurrent PDAC patients were randomly divided into training and validation groups, from which the clinicopathological characteristics were compared through a chi-square test. Consequently, these factors were enrolled in the multivariate COX regression to screen the independent prognostic factors of PPFS. Then, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis based on the independent prognostic factors was performed. At last, we constructed a nomogram model for PPFS prediction, followed by an effectiveness examination.
Results: PDAC patients who received multi-agent chemotherapy after surgery showed a better PPFS than the single-agent chemotherapy group. PDAC patients who received multi-agent chemotherapy after recurrence showed a similar PPFS compared to the single-agent chemotherapy group. Local recurrence with distant metastases, early recurrence, lympho-vascular invasion, higher T stage, and higher N stage predicted worse PPFS in recurrent PDAC patients. Finally, a nomogram to indicate the progression of recurrent lesions was constructed based on the independent prognostic factors.
Conclusion: Chemotherapy after surgery, chemotherapy after recurrence, lymph vascular invasion, T stage, N stage, recurrence patterns, and time to recurrence were independent prognostic factors for PPFS. The nomogram model provided a new way for PPFS prediction in recurrent PDAC patients.
Associations of dietary calcium and magnesium intake with chronic diarrheal symptoms and inflammatory bowel disease: a large cross- sectional study in adults
Authors: Li Jinru , Long Dan , Huang Ying , Zhu Jiaqi , Zhu Ying 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study evaluated the relationships between dietary magnesium and calcium intake and symptoms of chronic diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Globally, the prevalence of IBD and chronic diarrheal symptoms is increasing. Research on nutritional factors in the diet associated with IBD and chronic diarrheal symptoms may be helpful.
Method
We performed a cross-sectional analysis utilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data in 2005-2010. Information on dietary calcium and magnesium intake was assessed using the first 24-hour dietary recall interview, and IBD and chronic diarrheal symptoms were presented by questionnaire. Correlations were examined using multivariable logistic regression equations.
Result
After adjusting for relevant variables, those with higher dietary intakes of calcium and magnesium showed a higher frequency of IBD (highest quartile calcium intake: OR = 3.685, 95% CI = 1.572-8.641; highest quartile magnesium intake: OR = 2.985, 95% CI = 1.256-7.094), and similar results were observed in chronic diarrheal symptoms (highest quartile calcium intake: OR = 1.115, 95% CI = 1.001-1.242; third and fourth quartiles of magnesium intake: OR = 1.155, 95% CI = 1.038-1.285; OR = 1.144, 95% CI = 1.024-1.277). The inflection points for calcium and magnesium intake with chronic diarrheal symptoms were 1690 mg and 351 mg. Subgroup analyses revealed that a stronger correlation between dietary calcium and chronic diarrheal symptoms was more significant among elderly adults (≥60 years), participants with hypertension, and Mexican-American people. Conversely, the link between dietary magnesium and chronic diarrheal symptoms was stronger in females and participants with hypertension.
Conclusion
In conclusion, higher dietary calcium and magnesium intakes were associated with higher prevalence of IBD and chronic diarrheal symptoms, this will draw attention to daily calcium and magnesium intake in patients with IBD and chronic diarrheal symptoms.
The predictive values of dynamic blood lipid profile for mortality in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Deng Jiayi , Yuan Yihao , Zhang Ting , Li Fanglin , Xu Min , Wu Guobao , Wu Chenfang , Zhong Yanjun , Zhong Xiaoli 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Lipid metabolism is particularly affected in response to acute infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites. The association between levels of lipid profiles and mortality in COVID-19 patients has become the subject of increasing interest.
Objective
To evaluate the predictive capacity of dyslipidemia for COVID-19 mortality based on dynamic data.
Methods
we conducted a retrospective, observational study, involving 135 COVID-19 patients admitted between January 1 and March 26, 2020.
Results
We found that non-survivals with COVID-19 displayed persistent dyslipidemia, including lower levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with higher levels of triglycerides during the early stages of hospitalization. Notably, both the absolute values or the changes of TC, HDL, and LDL were closely related to mortality, and the AUCs of these three indicators at all time points and their changes were greater than 0.7. Notably, the values of AUCs of TC, HDL, and LDL at week 3 were 0.891, 0.895, and 0.879, while the AUCs for change of TC, HDL, and LDL were 0.975, 0.950 and 0.925 at week3 − 1. Spearman correlation analyses showed that TC, HDL and LDL were significantly associated with CRP, D-dimer, BUN, CK and BNP at all four time points.
Conclusion
Blood lipid levels in the third week and changes from week 1 to week 3 are critical for predicting the mortality of COVID-19. Healthcare providers should pay close attention to the dynamic changes in lipid levels of COVID-19 patients.
Chemo-radiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical hysterectomy in women with stage IB-IIB cervical cancer: Do we need to change the therapeutic approach? a cohort study
Authors: Nikfar Somayeh , Mousavi Azam Sadat , Akhavan Setareh , Sheikhhasani Shahrzad , Almasi-Hashiani Amir , Parvizrad Ramin , Zamani Narges 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Chemo-radiotherapy is recommended as the standard treatment for advanced cervical cancer, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can be beneficial for patients on long radiotherapy waiting lists. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the need for chemo-radiotherapy after NACT and radical hysterectomy in women with stage IB-IIB cervical cancer.
Methods:
This study is a retrospective cohort study. All patients of gynecologic oncology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran who were diagnosed with stage IB-IIB cervical cancer and were treated with NACT and radical hysterectomy between 2010 and 2020, were included in this study. The records of all patients who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated during the study period. The interested outcomes and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed.
Results:
In this study, clinical files of 613 patients with cervical cancer were studied and among them, 63 patients (10.2% of patients) underwent NACT. Eighteen patients (33.3%) did not require another treatment modality after chemotherapy and radical hysterectomy, while 66.7% (36 cases) of patients needed chemo-radiotherapy after NACT and radical hysterectomy, and recurrence was observed in 11.6% (5 cases) of patients. The 1-, 5- and 10-year PFS rate was 97.6% (95% CI: 84.2-99.6), 89.5% (95% CI: 74.4-95.9) and 89.5% (95% CI: 74.4-95.9), respectively.
Conclusions:
It can be concluded that a significant percentage of patients who are candidates for NACT followed by radical hysterectomy, would require another modality of treatment, which is chemo-radiotherapy; therefore, it is recommended that by conducting prospective studies, in addition to investigating this issue, the choice of the first method of patients treatment in these stages should be reconsidered so that the patient does not suffer from two treatments and related complications, and patients undergo chemo-radiotherapy from the beginning.
p53/PD-L1 co-expression predicts poor prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Jing Yaoyao , Yuan Ying , Yu Yong , Zhao Haifeng , Yang Hongliang , Wang Xiaofang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and survival of p53 and PD-L1 co-expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients.
Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of p53 and PD-L1 in tumor cells of 176 patients with DLBCL. Clinical datawere retrospectively examined along with long-term follow-up. Correlation between the expression of p53 and PD-L1 and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients was assessed. Impact of Rituximab on prognosis among DLBCL patients with positive expression of p53 and PD-L1 was evaluated.
Results: p53 expression, PD-L1 expression, and P53/PD-L1 co-expression were present in 44.9%, 42.0%, and 25.6% of patients with DLBCL, respectively. No significant differences existed in the clinicopathological characteristics between patients with positive and negative p53 expressionand between patients with positive and negative PD-L1 expression. However, more co-expression of p53/PD-L1 was observed in patients with non-GCB subtypes (p = 0.005). Survival analysis indicated that patients exhibiting p53/PD-L1 co-expression had decreased PFS and OS compared to those demonstrating positive expression of either p53 or PD-L1, and in addition, both negative p53/PDL1 expression. Rituximab failed to substantially modify the prognosis of patients. p53/PD-L1 co-expression is an independent indicator of adverse prognosis.
Conclusions: Co-expression of p53/PD-L1 in DLBCL patients implies an unfavorable prognostic group, which doesn't derive benefit from Rituximab.