bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Resistant Gram-Negative Microorganisms Incidence Density and Occurrence of Nosocomial Transmission (TRIANGLe Study)
Authors: Willemsen I. , Elberts S. , Verhulst C. , Rijnsburger M. , Filius M. , Savelkoul P. , Kluytmans J. ,   TRIANGLe Study Group, Lommerse E. , Spanjaard L. , Vlaminckx B. , Vos A. , Wulf M. , Vos M. , Wintermans R. , Andriesse G. , van Zeijl J. , van der Vorm E. , Buiting A. , Sturm P. , Blok H. , Troelstra A. , Kaiser A. , Vandenbroucke-Grauls C. 
Published: March 2011

Objectives.The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence density and the occurrence of horizontal spread of highly resistant gram-negative rods (HR-GNRs) in Dutch hospitals. The factors that influence these outcome measures were also investigated.Methods.All patients with HR-GNRs, as determined by sample testing, who were hospitalized in 1 of 18 hospitals during a 6-month period (April through October 2007) were included in this study. For all available isolates, the species was identified, susceptibility was determined (including the presence of extended-spectrumβ-lactamases [ESBLs]), and molecular typing was performed. On the basis of a combination of species identification, molecular typing, and epidemiological data, the occurrence of nosocomial transmission was determined.Results.The mean incidence density of patients with HR-GNRs was 55 per 100,000 patient-days (cumulative incidence, 39 per 10,000 patients admitted). A facility being a university hospital was a statistically significant (P= .03) independent determinant of a higher incidence of patients with HR-GNRs. The majority of HR-GNR isolates were ESBL producers. The adjusted transmission index—the ratio between secondary and primary cases—in the participating hospitals ranged from 0.0 to 0.2. The overall adjusted transmission index of HR-GNRs was 0.07. No determinants for a higher transmission index were identified.Discussion.The nosocomial transmission rate of HR-GNRs was relatively low in all hospitals where well-established transmission-based precautions were used. The incidence density of patients with HR-GNRs was higher in university hospitals, probably due to the patient population and the complexity of the care provided.
Dependence of transmittance and group index on the coupling strength between constituents of a metamaterial
Authors: Thuy Vu Tran Thanh , Nguyen Thanh Tung , Rhee Joo Yull , Vu Dinh Lam , Lee Young Pak 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Recent studies on the coupling effects between constituent elements of metamaterials have opened up a new gateway to many fascinating electromagnetic properties and functionalities that cannot be explained by the uncoupled point of view. In this work, we numerically investigated, in a THz regime, the coupling between a cut wire and a split-ring resonator, which gives rise to an interesting phenomenon—the so-called electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect. The trade-off between the maximum transmittance of the transmission window and the group index, which depends on the coupling strength between constituent elements, was systematically studied. Furthermore, by characterizing this trade-off by the transmittance-delay product (figure of merit), a criterion for slow-light applications was provided.
The effect of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of a Cu/CNT nanocomposite prepared via a powder metallurgy method
Authors: Pham Van Trinh , Bui Hung Thang , Tran Bao Trung , Nguyen Van Tu , Le Dinh Quang , Than Xuan Tinh , Nguyen Van Chuc , Doan Dinh Phuong , Phan Ngoc Minh 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Metal matrix nanocomposites have become popular in industrial applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), since theirs appearance, with their unique properties such as exceptionally small diameters and high Young's modulus, tensile strength and high chemical stability, are considered to be an attractive reinforcement material for lightweight and high-strength metallic matrix composites. The powder metallurgy method allows nanocomposite materials, notably metal–ceramic composites, to be produced by sintering a mixture of powders.
In this study, we have utilized the powder metallurgy method to fabricate a Cu/CNT nanocomposite. Sintering is the important process in this method; it is the process whereby powder compacts are heated so that adjacent particles fuse together. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of the Cu/CNT nanocomposite. The sintering temperature was in the range of 850–950 °C for 2 h. A correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties, including the microstructure, density, hardness and compressive strength, is established. In this process, the density, and the physical and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, can be changed, depending on the rate of sintering as well as the sintering temperature.
The origin of visible light photocatalytic activity of N-doped and weak ferromagnetism of Fe-doped TiO
2 anatase
Authors: Cao Khang Nguyen , Van Khanh Nguyen , Hoai Anh Nguyen , Thi Nga Do , Van Minh Nguyen 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
In this paper, we present the experimental result as well as the theoretical calculation of the electronic band structures and the optical absorption spectra for N-doped and Fe-doped TiO
2 anatase. The main purpose is to provide evidence in the viewpoint of visible light photocatalytic activity of N-doped and weak ferromagnetism of Fe-doped in TiO
2 anatase. Accordingly, to evaluate the separate contributions of nitrogen doping and iron doping in anatase, we present the results of spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations that have been used to calculate the electronic band structures and optical absorption spectra that arise for a range of concentrations of (i) substitutional nitrogen and (ii) substitutional iron in anatase TiO
2. Our results show that absorption in the visible range is mainly due to nitrogen states located above the valence bands, whereas weak ferromagnetism of Fe-doped in TiO
2 anatase is mainly caused by spin polarization. These results have important implications for the understanding and further development of photocatalytic materials that are active under visible light. These findings agree favorably with our own experimental data and enable conclusions to be drawn about the nature of the practical catalyst in N-doped and the ferromagnetic origin in Fe-doped TiO
2 anatase.
Evaluation of Antioxidant, Lipid, and Protein Fractions of Accessions of Oryza Species
Authors: Bergman C. , Goffman F. , Chen M.‐H. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe genus Oryza has given rise to rice (Oryza sativa L.), a major source of food for much of the human population. The Oryza genus is small, including only 23 species, but it is remarkably diverse in terms of its ecological adaptation. This diversity may not be only restricted to ecological characteristics but also to kernel end‐use quality characteristics. This study was undertaken to evaluate Oryza species as a gene pool for improving the properties of rice bran for human consumption. Several accessions of 13 Oryza species were grown in a greenhouse, along with eight rice (Oryza sativa L.) accessions displaying low and high bran oil content, as well as low and high palmitic acid content. The total lipid content of the Oryza species was within the range found for Oryza sativa accessions. However, the level of palmitic acid in the O. species was as high as that reported for soybean high‐palmitic acid mutants. Oryza species also contained higher levels of the γ‐oryzanol and phenolic fractions compared to cultivated rice. Low or not significant phenotypic correlations between lipid, palmitic acid, and γ‐oryzanol suggest that these fractions in cultivated rice could be increased simultaneously using several of the Oryza species accessions identified in this study. A cultivar with enhanced levels of these fractions would be suitable for use in the production of high γ‐oryzanol margarine, shortening, and frying oils.
On active control of laminar–turbulent transition on two-dimensional wings
Authors: Erdmann Ralf , Pätzold Andreas , Engert Marcus , Peltzer Inken , Nitsche Wolfgang 
Published: March 2011

This paper gives an overview of drag reduction on aerofoils by means of active control of Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves. Wind-tunnel experiments at Mach numbers of up to
M

x

=0.42 and model Reynolds numbers of up to
Re
c
=2×10
6
, as well as in-flight experiments on a wing glove at Mach numbers of
M
<0.1 and at a Reynolds number of
Re
c
=2.4×10
6
, are presented. Surface hot wires were used to detect the linearly growing TS waves in the transitional boundary layer. Different types of voice-coil- and piezo-driven membrane actuators, as well as active-wall actuators, located between the reference and error sensors, were demonstrated to be effective in introducing counter-waves into the boundary layer to cancel the travelling TS waves. A control algorithm based on the filtered-
x
least mean square (FxLMS) approach was employed for in-flight and high-speed wind-tunnel experiments. A model-predictive control algorithm was tested in low-speed experiments on an active-wall actuator system. For the in-flight experiments, a reduction of up to 12 dB (75% TS amplitude) was accomplished in the TS frequency range between 200 and 600 Hz. A significant reduction of up to 20 dB (90% TS amplitude) in the flow disturbance amplitude was achieved in high-speed wind-tunnel experiments in the fundamental TS frequency range between 3 and 8 kHz. A downstream shift of the laminar–turbulent transition of up to seven TS wavelengths is presented. The cascaded sensor–actuator arrangement given by Sturzebecher & Nitsche in 2003 for low-speed wind-tunnel experiments was able to shift the transition Δ
x
=240 mm (18%
x
/
c
) downstream by a TS amplitude reduction of 96 per cent (30 dB). By using an active-wall actuator, which is much shorter than the cascaded system, a transition delay of seven TS wavelengths (16 dB TS amplitude reduction) was reached.
Alcohol and depression
Authors: Boden Joseph M. , Fergusson David M. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To examine the literature on the associations between alcohol use disorders (AUD) and major depression (MD), and to evaluate the evidence for the existence of a causal relationship between the disorders.Methods  PsycInfo; PubMed; Embase; Scopus; ISI Web of Science database searches for studies pertaining to AUD and MD from the 1980 to the present. Random‐effects models were used to derive estimates of the pooled adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for the links between AUD and MD among studies reporting an AOR.Results  The analysis revealed that the presence of either disorder doubled the risks of the second disorder, with pooled AORs ranging from 2.00 to 2.09. Epidemiological data suggest that the linkages between the disorders cannot be accounted for fully by common factors that influence both AUD and MD, and that the disorders appear to be linked in a causal manner. Further evidence suggests that the most plausible causal association between AUD and MD is one in which AUD increases the risk of MD, rather than vice versa. Potential mechanisms underlying these causal linkages include neurophysiological and metabolic changes resulting from exposure to alcohol. The need for further research examining mechanisms of linkage, gender differences in associations between AUD and MD and classification issues was identified.Conclusions  The current state of the literature suggests a causal linkage between alcohol use disorders and major depression, such that increasing involvement with alcohol increases risk of depression. Further research is needed in order to clarify the nature of this causal link, in order to develop effective intervention and treatment approaches.
Immunochemistry for oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 on cell blocks in primary breast carcinoma
Authors: Kumar S K. , Gupta N. , Rajwanshi A. , Joshi K. , Singh G. 
Published: March 2011

K. Kumar S, N. Gupta, A. Rajwanshi, K. Joshi and G. SinghImmunochemistry for oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 on cell blocks in primary breast carcinomaObjective:  Steroid receptors and human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2) have been used for predicting response to treatment in breast cancers. Fine needle aspiration cytology can provide highly cellular material and can be used for such analysis. The present study was undertaken to assess the reliability of oestrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PR) status and HER2 as demonstrated by immunochemistry (IHC) on cell blocks from breast carcinoma cases, in comparison with histological sections.Methods:  IHC for ER, PR and HER2 was performed on cell blocks and their corresponding tissue sections of 50 primary pre‐chemotherapy breast carcinomas. Positivity for ER and PR was scored according to the Allred scoring system. Strong membranous positivity in more than 30% of tumour cells was considered positive for HER2. The tumours were classified as luminal A, luminal B, HER2‐over‐expressing and triple negative on the basis of ER, PR and HER2 status and results on cell blocks compared with histological sections.Results:  Correlation between immunostaining on cell blocks and the corresponding tumour tissues revealed a concordance rate for ER, PR and HER2 of 90% [Correlation coefficient (r) = 0.79], 94% (r = 0.86) and 90% (r = 0.76), respectively. Including five cases in which cell blocks were either ER or PR positive, 43/50 cases (86.0%) could be correctly classified on cell block immunostaining alone. The main reasons for seven discordant cases included technical errors (sampling error and staining error) and interpretational error in HER2 evaluation on cell blocks; the core biopsy was inadequate in one, and apparently false negative for HER2 in another.Conclusion:  Cell blocks are useful in the assessment of hormone receptor status and HER2 by IHC, especially in cases of locally advanced breast cancer for planning neoadjuvant chemotherapy. It is highly recommended to have good quality cell blocks and quality control of their interpretation.
Effect of salts and sugars on the clarity of gellan gels
Authors: Evageliou Vasiliki , Gerolemou Andreas , Zikas Alexandros , Basios Aineias , Komaitis Michael 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe effect of glucose, fructose and sucrose (0–15 wt%) on the clarity of low acyl gellan gels (0.5 wt%) in the presence of potassium chloride (40–100 mm), calcium chloride (10–80 mm) and their mixtures at a total molar concentration of 80 mm, was investigated by light absorbance experiments (490 nm). The effect on gel clarity (at 100 mm KCl) of all sugar combinations, at a final concentration of 15 wt%, was also investigated. All gels with potassium were less turbid than the ones with calcium. In the case of salt mixtures, increasing concentration of calcium in the mixtures resulted in decreased clarity. In addition, turbidity increased with increasing salt concentration. Moreover, and at the higher salt concentrations, the presence of sugars resulted in clearer gels. When mixtures of sugars were added, all combinations resulted in increased clarity compared to the individual sugars.
Oligosaccharides prepared by acid hydrolysis of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) pulp and their prebiotic activities
Authors: Du Bingjian , Song Yi , Hu Xiaosong , Liao Xiaojun , Ni Yuanying , Li Quanhong 
Published: March 2011

SummaryAs a rich source of polysaccharides, pumpkin pulp was used for the production of oligosaccharides. To investigate the prebiotic potential of the oligosaccharides, prepared by acid hydrolysis of polysaccharides from pumpkin pulp, the effect of the oligosaccharides on lactobacilli growth was studied. The oligosaccharides were composed of galactose (99.03%) and glucose (0.97%). The molecular weight distribution of the oligosaccharides showed a larger part of low molecular weight fraction in a range from 5000 to 324 Da than the polysaccharides, which gave the oligosaccharides higher solubility. The oligosaccharides showed good resistance to hydrolysis by artificial human gastric juice and α‐amylase, compared to the reference prebiotic inulin, and considerable capability to stimulate the growth of lactobacilli. In vitro studies showed that the number of lactobacilli was significantly greater than those in control medium when they were cultured in the medium supplemented with the oligosaccharides (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference at the oligosaccharides group and the inulin group (P < 0.05).
Influence of ultrasound during wheat gluten hydrolysis on the antioxidant activities of the resulting hydrolysate
Authors: Zhu Ke‐Xue , Su Chun‐Yan , Guo Xiao‐Na , Peng Wei , Zhou Hui‐Ming 
Published: March 2011

SummaryWheat gluten was hydrolysed by Alcalase 2.4L under ultrasound. Different antioxidant assays in vitro, such as ferrous ion‐chelating activity, reducing power, inhibition of linoleic acid emulsion peroxidation and 2,2′‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, were employed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the wheat gluten hydrolysate (WGH) obtained. It was found that WGHL (WGH which was obtained by low frequency (LF) ultrasound) exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities, with an EC50 value of 0.513 mg mL−1 for ferrous iron‐chelating activity, as well as a high and dose‐dependent reducing power. In the linoleic acid system, a longer induction time indicated a significant decrease of lipid peroxidation. In addition, WGH also exhibited notable ABTS radical scavenging activity. A good correlation was observed between antioxidant activities and the amount of WGH, but a poor correlation was observed between antioxidant activities and degree of hydrolysis. The molecular weight distribution of WGH was affected by ultrasonic frequency and WGHL had the highest proportion of peptide fractions of molecular weight 3000–500 Da. All the results showed that the WGH treated by ultrasound had strong antioxidant activities and low molecular weight.
Kinetics of water absorption and soluble‐solid loss of hot‐air‐dried carrots during rehydration
Authors: Markowski Marek , Zielińska Magdalena 
Published: March 2011

SummaryCubes of carrots dried at 60, 70, 80 and 90 °C were rehydrated at 20 and 95 °C. Kinetics of water gain and soluble‐solid loss were monitored and described by Peleg model. Dry matter holding capacity, water absorption capacity and rehydration ability were derived to assess the rehydration process. It was found that leaching flow was higher for the samples dried at higher temperatures. Rehydration ability and dry matter holding capacity of the samples rehydrated at 95 °C were higher than those observed for the samples soaked at 20 °C. Swelling of carrots during rehydration neither depended on temperature of drying nor on the temperature of the water. The results indicate that the use of low drying temperatures is suitable for preserving the quality attributes of carrots after rehydration.
Influence of fibre addition on the rheological properties of peach juice
Authors: Augusto Pedro E. D. , Falguera Víctor , Cristianini Marcelo , Ibarz Albert 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe addition of dietary fibres is a tendency in several foods. Understanding the changes in food sensory and physical properties due to fibre addition is thus, essential for food process design. The present work has evaluated the influence of peach fibre addition on the rheological properties of peach juice. Flow behaviour and influence of fibre concentration on Herschel‐Bulkley model’s parameters were evaluated. The flow behaviour of the products was changed due to fibre addition, from Newtonian to pseudoplastic and then, Herschel‐Bulkley behaviour. The parameters could be well modelled by exponential (σ0), power law (k) and sigmoidal (n) functions (R2 > 0.98). The viscoelastic properties were evaluated for the most concentrated products. Variation of storage and loss modulus with the oscillatory frequency were well described by a power function (R2 > 0.96), and dependency of its parameters with temperature was well modelled by Arrhenius’ model (k′, k″, R2 > 0.94) and quadratic function (n′, n″, R2 > 0.90).
Struggling to retain living space: patients’ stories about living with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ek Kristina , Sahlberg‐Blom Eva , Andershed Birgitta , Ternestedt Britt‐Marie 
Published: March 2011

ek k., sahlberg‐blom e., andershed b. & ternestedt b.‐m. (2011)Struggling to retain living space: patients’ stories about living with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Journal of Advanced Nursing67(7), 1480–1490.AbstractAim. This paper is a report of a study of the experience of living with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and long‐term oxygen therapy when living alone.Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects an increasing number of people. Breathlessness, fatigue and dejection are common symptoms during the last years of life.Method. Repeated qualitative interviews with four participants were conducted over an 8‐month period in 2008. The data comprised 17 interviews, 15 telephone conversations and various field notes. A phenomenological hermeneutical method was used to interpret the text.Findings. The analysis resulted in two main themes and five sub‐themes. The first main theme,Being subordinated to the sick body, implies that the body, assistive devices and entrusting oneself to the hands of others can both extend and restrict the living space. The second main theme,Protecting significant values of identity, encompasses both the struggle to maintain self‐image and the awareness of one’s own death.Conclusion. Living alone with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a challenging and complex phenomenon. The everyday life was characterized by a struggle to keep autonomy during a time of increasing dependency and need for help. A person‐centred nursing care, built upon peoples’ own experiences, may be one way to promote identity and dignity in patients even when they are close to death.
What information counts at the moment of practice? Information practices of renal nurses
Authors: Bonner Ann , Lloyd Annemaree 
Published: March 2011

bonner a. & lloyd a. (2011) What information counts at the moment of practice? Information practices of renal nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing67(6), 1213–1221.AbstractAims.  This article is a report of a study done to identify how renal nurses experience information about renal care and the information practices that they used to support everyday practice.Background.  What counts as nursing knowledge remains a contested area in the discipline yet little research has been undertaken. Information practice encompasses a range of activities such as seeking, evaluation and sharing of information. The ability to make informed judgement is dependent on nurses being able to identify relevant sources of information that inform their practice and those sources of information may enable the identification of what knowledge is important to nursing practice.Method.  The study was philosophically framed from a practice perspective and informed by Habermas and Schatzki; it employed qualitative research techniques. Using purposive sampling six registered nurses working in two regional renal units were interviewed during 2009 and data was thematically analysed.Findings.  The information practices of renal nurses involved mapping an information landscape in which they drew on information obtained from epistemic, social and corporeal sources. They also used coupling, a process of drawing together information from a range of sources, to enable them to practice.Conclusion.  Exploring how nurses engage with information, and the role the information plays in situating and enacting epistemic, social and corporeal knowledge into everyday nursing practice is instructive because it indicates that nurses must engage with all three modalities in order to perform effectively, efficiently and holistically in the context of patient care.