bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact CPW‐fed monopole antenna and miniaturized ACS‐fed half monopole antenna for UWB applications
Authors: Fei Peng , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Zhu Yang , Zhang Fu‐Shun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA novel coplanar waveguide‐fed monopole ultra wideband (UWB) antenna and its miniaturized version of an asymmetric coplanar strip‐fed half monopole antenna are proposed.Both of the antennas are compact in size and simple in configuration. Numerical and experimental results indicate that the antennas are capable of working in the desired UWB band. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1605–1609, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26909
An active nonreciprocal phase shifter topology
Authors: Ciccognani Walter , Limiti Ernesto , Palomba Mirko , Scucchia Lucio 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA novel hybrid active nonreciprocal phase shifter (NRPS) topology is proposed in this contribution. A test vehicle of the topology, realized in hybrid form to operate in L‐band with a 90° differential phase shift has been realized and tested. The resulting system exhibits a 28% bandwidth centered at 1.4 GHz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1659–1661, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26913
Modeling and practical demonstration of multiple optical fiber ring resonators in the microwave domain
Authors: Merrer P. H. , Llopis O. , Nicole P. , Constant S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe modeling and practical demonstration of optical fiber ring resonators for microwave bandpass filters in the X‐band are proposed. Experimental investigations on the microwave behavior of the device have been performed. A third‐order optical filter at 8.8 GHz with 180 MHz bandwidth and 3 dB insertion loss is shown. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1552–1556, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26915
Alternative AEFIE‐EFIE method for broadband CEM simulations
Authors: Liu Jia , Jiang Lijun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIt is well known that electric field integral equation (EFIE) has the low frequency breakdown problem due to the decoupling of electric and magnetic field. Augmented electric field integral equation (AEFIE) method overcomes the low frequency breakdown. However, its performance degrades with the increasing frequency. To obtain a unified method that works for both low and high frequencies, a novel method using the EFIE complement process inside AEFIE is proposed. Numerical results demonstrated that this alternative AEFIE‐EFIE method is able to extend integral equations to wide band applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1737–1740, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26919
Transperineal prostate MR elastography: Initial in vivo results
Authors: Sahebjavaher Ramin S. , Baghani Ali , Honarvar Mohammad , Sinkus Ralph , Salcudean Septimiu E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article presents a new approach to magnetic resonance elastography of the prostate using transperineal mechanical excitation. This approach is validated using a prostate elasticity phantom and in vivo studies of healthy volunteers. It is demonstrated that the transperineal approach can generate shear wave amplitudes on the order of 6–30 μm in the mid‐gland region. The driver was implemented using an electromagnetic actuator with a hydraulic transmission system. The magnetic resonance elastography acquisition time has been reduced significantly by using a “second harmonic” approach. Displacement fields are processed using the established three‐dimensional local frequency estimation algorithm. The three‐dimensional curl‐based direct inversion was used to calculate the local wavelength. The traveling wave expansion algorithm was used to reconstruct the wave damping image for one case. Using the proposed method, it was possible to resolve lesions of 0.5 cc in the phantom study. Repeatability experiments were performed and analyzed. The results from this study indicate that transperineal magnetic resonance elastography—without an endorectal coil—is a suitable candidate for a patient study involving multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer, where magnetic resonance elastography may provide additional information for improved diagnosis and image‐based surveillance. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elimination of dysphagia using ultrasound guidance for botulinum toxin injections in cervical dystonia
Authors: Hong Justin S. , Sathe Geeta G. , Niyonkuru Christian , Munin Michael C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Dysphagia is a common side effect after botulinum toxin injections for cervical dystonia, with an incidence of 10–40%, depending upon the study and dose used. Methods: Our study consisted of 5 preselected women who met criteria for cervical dystonia and subsequent dysphagia after electromyography (EMG)‐guided injections. Injections were performed with ultrasound (US) imaging, and the effects on swallowing were examined. Separately, sternocleidomastoid (SCM) thickness in healthy controls and treated patients was measured. Results: There were 34 episodes of dysphagia over 98 injection sessions using EMG guidance for a cumulative rate of 34.7%. Using US plus EMG guidance, there was 0% dysphagia across 27 injection sessions. SCM thickness was <1.1 cm. Conclusion: US combined with EMG guidance eliminated recurrent dysphagia after botulinum toxin treatment, possibly by keeping the injectate within the SCM. Muscle Nerve 46: 535–539, 2012
Manual needle placement: Accuracy of botulinum toxin a injections
Authors: Schnitzler Alexis , Roche Nicholas , Denormandie Philippe , Lautridou Christine , Parratte Bernard , Genet François 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Electrophysiological or ultrasound guidance can facilitate botulinum toxin A (BoNt‐A) injection accuracy, but clinical landmarks and palpation are often used for superficial muscles. We evaluated the accuracy of manual needle placement in the gastrocnemius muscles (GC) guided only by anatomical landmarks and palpation. Methods: Bilateral limbs from 30 cadavers were used to evaluate ink injection into the GC. One anatomist and one orthopedic surgeon verified the accuracy of manual needle placement postinjection by calf muscle dissection. Injection was considered a failure if the ink was not located in the head of the target GC. Results: One hundred twenty‐one practitioners were evaluated. Fifty‐two injections were successful (43%), and 69 failed (57%). This result was unrelated to injector experience (P = 0.097). Conclusions: Our findings show a poor success rate, regardless of injector experience. Therefore, muscle palpation and anatomical landmarks are insufficient to ensure the accuracy of BoNt‐A injections, even for large, superficial muscles. Muscle Nerve 46: 531–534, 2012
Alterations of signaling pathways in muscle tissues of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Yin Fei , Ye Fei , Tan Limei , Liu Katherine , Xuan Zhaopeng , Zhang Jinnan , Wang Wenhu , Zhang Yanli , Jiang Xinmei , Zhang David Y. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, manifests as progressive weakening of muscles. The diagnosis and prognosis of ALS are often unclear, so useful biomarkers are needed. Methods: Total proteins were extracted from muscle samples from 36 ALS, 17 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and 36 normal individuals. The expression levels of 134 proteins and phosphoproteins were assessed using protein pathway array analysis. Results: Seventeen proteins were differentially expressed between ALS and normal muscle, and 9 proteins were differentially expressed between ALS and SMA muscle. The low‐level expression of Akt and Factor XIIIB correlates with unfavorable survival, and the risk score calculated based on these proteins predicts the survival of each individual patient. Conclusions: Some proteins could be selected as clinically useful biomarkers. Specifically, Akt and Factor XIIIB were found to be promising biomarkers for estimating prognosis in ALS. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Reliability of side‐to‐side ultrasound cross‐sectional area measurements of lower extremity nerves in healthy subjects
Authors: Tagliafico Alberto , Cadoni Angela , Fisci Erica , Bignotti Bianca , Padua Luca , Martinoli Carlo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction: In peripheral nerve ultrasound, the healthy contralateral side may be used as internal control. Therefore, inherent side‐to‐side differences must be minimal. The goal of this study was to assess intrastudy, intraobserver, and interobserver reproducibility of ultrasound in comparative side‐to‐side evaluation of lower limb nerves. Methods: Lower limb nerves of 60 normal subjects were evaluated by 3 radiologists. Bilateral sciatic, tibial, common fibular, sural, lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral, obturator, and saphenous nerves were evaluated. Results: Overall, side‐to‐side differences were not statistically significant at any level. In the lower limb nerves, in a between‐limb comparison, the minimum detectable difference of cross‐sectional area ranged from 16.4 mm2 (sciatic nerve at the level of piriformis muscle) to 0.4 mm2 (saphenous nerve). Conclusion: In general, the healthy contralateral side can be used as an internal control. Muscle Nerve 46: 717–722, 2012
Diaphragm pacing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A literature review
Authors: Scherer Katalin , Bedlack Richard S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains a rapidly progressive fatal degenerative disease of motor neurons for which there are few interventions to slow disease progression or improve quality of life. A diaphragm pacing system was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in September 2011 for ALS under a Humanitarian Device Exemption. News of this approval has been met with a combination of excitement and uncertainty by members of the ALS community. We review the currently available data on the diaphragm pacing system and its use in ALS. Diaphragm pacing appears to be reasonably safe in carefully selected patients, but flaws in the reporting on it thus far preclude conclusions regarding efficacy. Further study is needed. Muscle Nerve 46: 1–8, 2012
Structural analysis of a 3‐deoxy‐D‐arabino‐heptulosonate 7‐phosphate synthase with an N‐terminal chorismate mutase‐like regulatory domain
Authors: Light Samuel H. , Halavaty Andrei S. , Minasov George , Shuvalova Ludmilla , Anderson Wayne F. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract3‐Deoxy‐D‐arabino‐heptulosonate 7‐phosphate synthase (DAHPS) catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of a number of aromatic metabolites. Likely because this reaction is situated at a pivotal biosynthetic gateway, several DAHPS classes distinguished by distinct mechanisms of allosteric regulation have independently evolved. One class of DAHPSs contains a regulatory domain with sequence homology to chorismate mutase—an enzyme further downstream of DAHPS that catalyzes the first committed step in tyrosine/phenylalanine biosynthesis—and is inhibited by chorismate mutase substrate (chorismate) and product (prephenate). Described in this work, structures of the Listeria monocytogenes chorismate/prephenate regulated DAHPS in complex with Mn2+ and Mn2+ + phosphoenolpyruvate reveal an unusual quaternary architecture: DAHPS domains assemble as a tetramer, from either side of which chorismate mutase‐like (CML) regulatory domains asymmetrically emerge to form a pair of dimers. This domain organization suggests that chorismate/prephenate binding promotes a stable interaction between the discrete regulatory and catalytic domains and supports a mechanism of allosteric inhibition similar to tyrosine/phenylalanine control of a related DAHPS class. We argue that the structural similarity of chorismate mutase enzyme and CML regulatory domain provides a unique opportunity for the design of a multitarget antibacterial.
Full geometry optimizations of the mixed‐valence CaMn4O4X(H2O)4 (X=OH or O) cluster in OEC of PS II: Degree of symmetry breaking of the labile Mn‐X‐Mn bond revealed by several hybrid DFT calculations
Authors: Yamaguchi K. , Isobe H. , Yamanaka S. , Saito T. , Kanda K. , Shoji M. , Umena Y. , Kawakami K. , Shen J.‐R. , Kamiya N. , Okumura M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSeveral hybrid DFT methods were applied to full geometry optimizations of the CaMn4O4X(H2O)4 (XOH1− (1) or O2− (2)) cluster in the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII) to elucidate Mn‐Mn, Mn‐Ca, and Mn‐O distances on a theoretical ground. The computed Mn‐Mn distances were compared with previous (London and Berlin) X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Berkeley and Berlin EXAFS results, together with the recent high‐resolution XRD structure by Umena and coworkers. Present computational results by the hybrid DFT methods have elucidated several differences among these accumulated results. These DFT results led us to reassign the Mn‐Mn and Mn‐Ca distances by the EXAFS experiments, which became consistent with the results obtained by the high‐resolution XRD structure. A characteristic feature revealed via the optimized Mn‐O distances was that the degree of symmetry breaking of the Mn1‐O(57)‐Mn4 bond is not so remarkable under the UBHandHLYP approximation but it can be large by other hybrid DFT methods. The computational results for 2 indicated reduction of the Mn3‐Mn4 distance with the deprotonation of the bridging oxo group. The hybrid DFT results for 1 are not inconsistent with an experimental proposal based on the new XRD structure, namely a protonated μ3‐oxygen at the internal O(57) site of the cluster in the S1 state. On the other hand, the reduction of Mn ions (not degradation of whole cluster structure) by the X‐ray irradiation still remains an important issue for refinements of the XRD structure. The computational results are discussed in relation to those of the electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) and possible pathways for water splitting reaction. Implications of the present DFT structures are discussed in relation to the previous DFT and related computational results, together with recent XRD results for cubane‐like model clusters for OEC of PSII. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comprehensive analysis of hydrogen bond interactions based on local vibrational modes
Authors: Freindorf Marek , Kraka Elfi , Cremer Dieter 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLocal stretching modes for 69 different DH single bonds and 58 H···A H‐bonds are calculated at the ωB97X‐D/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level of theory to describe the changes in donor D and acceptor A upon forming the hydrogen‐bonded complex. The intrinsic strength of the DH and AH interactions is determined utilizing the properties of a well‐defined set of local, uncoupled vibrational modes. The local mode stretching force constantka(HA) provides a unique measure of bond strength for both covalently and electrostatically bonded complexes. Generally applicable bond orders are derived, which can be related to the binding energies of the hydrogen bonded complexes. Although the red shifts in the DH stretching frequencies can be used to detect hydrogen bonding, they are not sufficient to assess the strength of hydrogen bonding. It is demonstrated that the calculated BSSE‐corrected binding energies of hydrogen bonded complexes are related to the sum of bond order changes caused by hydrogen bonding. The covalent character of charge assisted hydrogen bonds is explained. Because local mode frequencies can also be derived from experimental normal mode frequencies, a new dimension in the study of hydrogen bonding is gained. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of the 17O‐excess (Δ17O) of tropospheric ozone using a nitrite‐coated filter
Authors: Vicars William C. , Bhattacharya S. K. , Erbland Joseph , Savarino Joël 
Published: April 2012

RATIONALEThe 17O‐excess (Δ17O) of tropospheric ozone (O3) serves as a useful marker in studies of atmospheric oxidation pathways; however, due to the complexity and expense of currently available analytical techniques, no systematic sampling campaign has yet been undertaken and natural variations in Δ17O(O3) are therefore not well constrained.METHODSThe nitrite‐coated filter method is a new technique for O3 isotope analysis that employs the aqueous phase NO2– + O3 → NO3– + O2 reaction to obtain quantitative information on O3 via the oxygen atom transfer to nitrate (NO3–). The triple‐oxygen isotope analysis of the NO3– produced during this reaction, achieved in this study using the bacterial denitrifier method followed by isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), directly yields the Δ17O value transferred from O3. This isotope transfer process was investigated in a series of vacuum‐line experiments, which were conducted by exposing coated filters to O3 of various known Δ17O values and then determining the isotopic composition of the NO3– produced on the filter.RESULTSThe isotope transfer experiments revealed a strong linear correlation between the Δ17O of the O3 produced and that of the oxygen atom transferred to NO3–, with a slope of 1.55 for samples with bulk Δ17O(O3) values in the atmospheric range (20–40‰). This finding is in agreement with theoretical postulates that place the 17O‐excess on only the terminal oxygen atoms of ozone. Ambient measurements yield average Δ17O(O3)bulk values in agreement with previous studies (22.9 ± 1.9‰).CONCLUSIONSThe nitrite‐coated filter technique is a sufficiently robust, field‐deployable method for the determination of the triple‐oxygen isotopic composition of tropospheric O3. Further ambient measurements will undoubtedly lead to an improved quantitative view of natural Δ17O(O3) variation and transfer in the atmosphere. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk and protective factors, longitudinal research, and bullying prevention
Authors: Ttofi Maria M. , Farrington David P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis chapter presents the results from two systematic/meta‐analytic reviews of longitudinal studies on the association of school bullying (perpetration and victimization) with adverse health and criminal outcomes later in life. Significant associations between the two predictors and the outcomes are found even after controlling for other major childhood risk factors that are measured before school bullying. The results indicate that effective antibullying programs should be encouraged. They could be viewed as a form of early crime prevention as well as an early form of public health promotion. The findings from a systematic/meta‐analytic review on the effectiveness of antibullying programs are also presented. Overall, school‐based antibullying programs are effective, leading to an average decrease in bullying of 20 to 23 percent and in victimization of 17 to 20 percent. The chapter emphasizes the lack of prospective longitudinal research in the area of school bullying, which does not allow examination of whether any given factor (individual, family,. or social) is a correlate, a predictor, or a possible cause for bullying. This has important implications for future antibullying initiatives, as well as implications for the refinement of theories of school bullying. It is necessary to extend the framework of the traditional risk‐focused approach by incorporating the notion of resiliency and investigating possible protective factors against school bullying and its negative consequences.
Seprafilm® adhesion barrier: (2) a review of the clinical literature on intraabdominal use
Authors: Diamond Michael P. , Burns Ellen L. , Accomando Beverly , Mian Sadiqa , Holmdahl Lena 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis study seeks to provide a review of the clinical data published as of July 2011 concerning the postsurgical adhesion barrier, Seprafilm (chemically modified hyaluronic acid and carboxymethylcelulose; Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA). Included articles detail the application of Seprafilm for intraabdominal uses that have been approved (on-label) and those considered investigational (off-label) by the FDA. Medline and EMBASE Drugs and Pharmaceuticals databases were searched for all original clinical Seprafilm research published as of July 2011. All human Seprafilm intraabdominal clinical reports and studies, excluding those related to prosthetic mesh were included. Data extraction involved the systematic review of each article. The data synthesis is the summary of Seprafilm human intraabdominal clinical reports and studies describing safety and/or efficacy. The safety and efficacy of Seprafilm in reducing postoperative adhesions has been clearly demonstrated in abdominal and pelvic laparotomy. While reports have described the safe and successful use of Seprafilm following laparoscopy, pediatric laparotomy, and in patients with malignancy and/or infection, the safety and efficacy of Seprafilm use in these procedures has not been definitively established in randomized controlled trials.
Evolutionary Theory and the Florence Paleontological Collections
Authors: Dominici Stefano , Cioppi Elisabetta 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Florence has a tradition of Natural Philosophy, and since as early as the sixteenth century fossils were collected by the Granduke. The Museum of Natural History of the University of Florence houses today collections that belonged to Nicolas Steno, when fossils were for the first time used as documents to reconstruct Earth history. Natural philosophers and geologists, both Italian and foreigners, continued to study fossils collected in Tertiary strata of Tuscany until the nineteenth century, when the first speculations on the origin of species were proposed. Charles Darwin himself mentions fossil vertebrates that are today on show in our museum. In the last years, this part of the history of science has been proposed to the public. The aim was to foster an understanding of the centrality of fossils in two cultural revolutions, the discovery of deep time and the birth of evolutionary theory–connected among themselves and with the emergence of geology. Dedicated volumes, public conferences, guided visits to the collections, and field trips to paleontological sites have attracted an attentive and responsive public, showing that the history of science can help deliver modern evolutionary thinking. Other activities aimed at students of all ages have also shown that the interaction between schools, university teachers, and museum personnel is vital to form the mind of future generations on the reality of the evolution of natural systems.
Predictors of short – and long-term clinical outcome in schizophrenic psychosis – the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort study
Authors: Juola P. , Miettunen J. , Veijola J. , Isohanni M. , Jääskeläinen E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective:Since the outcome in schizophrenia is heterogeneous and often poor, identification of specific predictors of outcome would be useful in clinical practice.Methods:Subjects with schizophrenic psychoses (n= 103) included in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (n= 12,058), representing the general population, were followed-up for an average of 16.4 years. Predictor and outcome data were collected from the nationwide Finnish Hospital Discharge Register, hospital records and interviews.Results:Insidious onset of illness predicted a rehospitalization due to psychosis in the 2 years after the initial discharge. Being single, having an early onset, insidious onset, suicidal ideations upon the first admission, a rehospitalization and a high number of treatment days due to psychosis in the early stages of the illness all predicted a poorer clinical outcome in the longer term, after a minimum follow-up of 10 years.Conclusions:This population-based study indicates that clinical and sociodemographic factors around the onset of illness have significance for the long-term outcome in schizophrenia. These prognostic factors should be taken into account in clinical practice.