bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RobustH∞observer‐based tracking control of stochastic immune systems under environmental disturbances and measurement noises
Authors: Chen Bor‐Sen , Lin Ying‐Po , Chuang Yung‐Jen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA robust H∞observer‐based tracking control of stochastic immune response is proposed for therapeutic enhancement to track a prescribed immune response under uncertain initial states, environmental disturbances and measurement noises. The statistics of initial condition, environmental and measurement noises are assumed unavailable. Further, the state variables may not all be available and may be corrupted by measurement noises. Therefore, an observer‐based control design is proposed for robust H∞observer‐based tracking control of stochastic immune systems. The robust H∞control is designed to track a prescribed immune model response in spite of environmental disturbances, uncertain initial conditions and measurement noises. Since the stochastic immune system is highly nonlinear, it is not easy to solve the robust H∞observer‐based tracking control problem directly. A fuzzy model is proposed to interpolate several linearized stochastic immune systems to approximate the nonlinear stochastic immune system via smooth fuzzy membership functions. By the fuzzy approximation method, the H ∞ observer‐based tracking control problem of stochastic immune systems could be easily solved via the linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique with the help of Robust Control Toolbox in Matlab. Finally, anin silicoexample is given to illustrate the design procedure and to confirm the efficiency of the proposed method.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Tragverhalten von Verbundankern in hoch‐ und ultrahochfestem Beton
Authors: Randl Norbert , Gusella Oliver 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAnhand von rund 170 Dübelauszugsversuchen und weiteren begleitenden experimentellen Analysen wurde das Tragverhalten von Verbundankersystemen unterschiedlicher Hersteller in hochfesten und faserbewehrten ultrahochfesten Betonen untersucht. Variiert wurden neben den Betonuntergründen auch das Bohrverfahren, die Reinigungsintensität bei der Installation sowie die Bohrlochfeuchte.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass abhängig vom jeweiligen Produkt die Verbundfestigkeit im hochfesten Beton tendenziell etwas geringer sein kann als im normalfesten Beton. Ausgehend vom bekannten Tragverhalten in normalfestem Beton, ist eine Extrapolation in den hochfesten Bereich nur bedingt möglich. Insbesondere Verbundankersysteme mit hoher Klebekraft erwiesen sich auch in hochfesten Untergründen als tauglich. Untersucht wurde in Versuchen mit weiter Abstützung auch die Versagensart Betonausbruch. In der Regel sind in hochfesten Untergründen je nach Klebekraft des Mörtels, Setztiefe und Betonfestigkeit, Bruch der Ankerstange, überwiegendes Verbundversagen oder Mischbrüche mit Verbundversagen im unteren und Betonausbruch im oberen Verankerungsbereich zu erwarten.Behavior of adhesive anchors in high strength and ultra high performance concreteRecently about 170 pull‐out tests and further experimental investigations with various chemical anchors installed in high strength and ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete have been performed. Apart from the concrete base material, other parameters like drilling method, intensity of cleaning of the borehole and water saturation of the concrete have been varied. The results of the confined tests reveal that the bond strength of chemical anchor systems may decrease in high strength concrete. Based on the current state of the art in normal strength concrete, an extrapolation of the behavior to higher strength classes is hardly possible. Chemical anchors with low adhesive bonding might behave unsatisfactorily whereas high bond mortars usually will be suitable for application in high strength concretes. In addition unconfined pull‐out tests with large support widths have been performed. As a rule in high strength concrete, depending on the product, chemical anchors may fail in the majority of cases due to rupture of the steel rod, pull‐out or pull‐out combined with concrete cone breakout in the upper anchorage zone.
Enhanced chemiluminescence of the luminol–AgNO3 system by Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Li Shifeng , Sun Huimin , Wang Dong , Hong Jianguo , Tao Shanjun , Yu Haiyin , Wang Xiuhua , Wei Xianwen 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe oxidation reaction of luminol with AgNO3 can produce chemiluminescence (CL) in the presence of silver nanoparticles (NPs) in alkaline solution. Based on the studies of UV‐vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and CL spectra, a CL enhancement mechanism is proposed. The CL emission spectrum of the luminol–AgNO3–Ag NPs system indicated that the luminophore was still 3‐aminophthalate. On injection of silver nanoparticles into the mixture of luminol and AgNO3, they catalysed the reduction of AgNO3 by luminol. The product luminol radicals reacted with the dissolved oxygen, to produce a strong CL emission. As a result, the CL intensity was substantially increased. Moreover, the influences of 18 amino acids, e.g. cystine, tyrosine and asparagine, and 25 organic compounds, including gallic acid, tannic acid and hydroquinone, on the luminol–AgNO3–Ag NPs CL system were studied by a flow‐injection procedure, which led to an effective method for detecting these compounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring folate status in population‐based surveys
Authors: Yetley Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFolate status assessments depend primarily on the measurement of biomarkers such as serum and red blood cell folate. Lessons learned from a large national monitoring system such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and a public health intervention such as the implementation of folic acid fortification in the United States have provided useful insights into the challenges of assessing folate status and possible solutions for addressing these challenges. © 2011 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. 2011
An in vitro model of glucose and lipid metabolism in a multicompartmental bioreactor
Authors: Vinci Bruna , Murphy Ellen , Iori Elisabetta , Meduri Francesco , Fattori Silvia , Marescotti Maria Cristina , Castagna Maura , Avogaro Angelo , Ahluwalia Arti 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe energy balance in vivo is maintained through inter‐organ cross‐talk involving several different tissues. As a first step towards recapitulating the metabolic circuitry, hepatocytes, endothelial cells and adipose tissue were connected in a multicompartmental modular bioreactor to reproduce salient aspects of glucose and lipid metabolism in vitro. We first examined how the two‐way cellular interplay between adipose tissue and endothelial cells affects glucose and lipid metabolism. The hepatocyte cell line HepG2 was then added to the system, creating a three‐way connected culture, to determine whether circulating metabolite concentrations were normalized, or whether metabolic shifts, which may arise when endothelial cells and adipose tissue are placed in connection, were corrected. The addition of hepatocytes to the system prevented the drop in the concentrations of glucose, L‐alanine and lactate, and the rise in that of free fatty acids. There was no significant change in glycerol levels in either of the connected cultures. The results show that connected cultures recapitulate complex physiological systemic processes, such as glucose and lipid metabolism, and that the HepG2 hepatocytes normalize circulating metabolites in this in vitro environment in the presence of other cell types.
Recycling and adaptation of Klebsormidium flaccidum microalgae for the sustained production of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Dahoumane Si Amar , Djediat Chakib , Yéprémian Claude , Couté Alain , Fiévet Fernand , Coradin Thibaud , Brayner Roberta 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTargeting the development of cell‐based bioreactors for the production of metal nanoparticles, the possibility to perform the sustained synthesis of colloidal gold using Klebsormidium flaccidum green algae was studied. A first strategy relying on successive growth/reduction/reseeding recycling steps demonstrated maintained biosynthesis capability of the microalgae but limitation in metal content due to toxic effects. An alternative approach consisting of progressive gold salt addition revealed to be suitable to favor cell adaptation to larger metal concentrations and supported particle release over month periods. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 284–288. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A theoretical approach to zonation in a bioartificial liver
Authors: Davidson Adam J. , Ellis Marianne J. , Chaudhuri Julian B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBioartificial livers have yet to gain clinical acceptance. In a previous study, a theoretical model was utilized to create operating region charts that graphically illustrated viable bioartificial liver configurations. On this basis a rationale for the choice of operating and design parameters for the device was created. The concept is extended here to include aspects of liver zonation for further design optimization. In vivo, liver cells display heterogeneity with respect to metabolic activity according to their position in the liver lobule. It is thought that oxygen tension is a primary modulator of this heterogeneity and on this assumption a theoretical model to describe the metabolic zonation within an in vitro bioartificial liver device has been adopted. The distribution of the metabolic zones under varying design and operating parameters is examined. In addition, plasma flow rates are calculated that give rise to an equal distribution of the metabolic zones. The results show that when a clinically relevant number of cells are contained in the BAL (10 billion), it is possible to constrain each of the three metabolic zones to approximately one‐third of the cell volume. This is the case for a number of different bioreactor designs. These considerations allow bioartificial liver design to be optimized. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 234–243. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study and design of stability in GH5 cellulases
Authors: Badieyan Somayesadat , Bevan David R. , Zhang Chenming 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThermostable enzymes that hydrolyze lignocellulosic materials provide potential advantages in process configuration and enhancement of production efficiency over their mesophilic counterparts in the bioethanol industry. In this study, the dynamics of β‐1,4‐endoglucanases (EC: 3.2.1.4) from family 5 of glycoside hydrolases (GH5) were investigated computationally. The conformational flexibility of 12 GH5 cellulases, ranging from psychrophilic to hyperthermophilic, was investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at elevated temperatures. The results indicated that the protein flexibility and optimum activity temperatures are appreciably correlated. Intra‐protein interactions, packing density and solvent accessible area were further examined in crystal structures to investigate factors that are possibly involved in higher rigidity of thermostable cellulases. The MD simulations and the rules learned from analyses of stabilizing factors were used in design of mutations toward the thermostabilization of cellulase C, one of the GH5 endoglucanases. This enzyme was successfully stabilized both chemically and thermally by introduction of a new disulfide cross‐link to its highly mobile 56‐amino acid subdomain. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 31–44. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organoclay‐assisted interfacial polymerization for microfluidic production of monodisperse PEG‐microdroplets and in situ encapsulation of E. coli
Authors: Wang Kye Won , Lee Kyoung G. , Park Tae Jung , Lee Young‐Chul , Yang Ji‐Won , Kim Do Hyun , Lee Seok Jae , Park Jung Youn 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe developed a novel one‐pot synthetic strategy for preparing monodisperse polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) microdroplets via organoclay‐assisted interfacial polymerization approach for Escherichia coli encapsulation. Based on the mechanism of spontaneous and rapid polymerization of PEGDA precursor solution with Mg‐organoclay, the prepared PEGDA microdroplets have uniform size and fine round shape, with size range of 74–118 µm. The size of microdroplets can be controlled through the changing continuous phase flow rate. Organoclay‐assisted polymerization method provides a unique environment to produce non‐toxic ways of fabricating microorganism encapsulated microdroplets and to prohibit microdroplets merge during the processes. Furthermore, we successfully carried out to entrap E. coli inside of the PEGDA microdroplets. E. coli expressing a green fluorescent protein shows a good viability inside the PEGDA microdroplets. The in situ microfluidic synthetic method provides a novel approach for the preparation of monodisperse PEGDA microdroplets via a one‐pot route. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 289–294. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Industrial glucoamylase fed‐batch benefits from oxygen limitation and high osmolarity
Authors: Pedersen Lasse , Hansen Kim , Nielsen Jens , Lantz Anna Eliasson , Thykaer Jette 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe market for glucoamylase is large and very competitive and the production process has been optimized through several decades. So far a thorough characterization of the process has not been published, but previous academic reports suggest that the process suffers from severe byproduct formation. In this study we have carried out a thorough characterization of a process as close as possible to the industrial reality. The results show that the oxygen‐limited phases of the process have the highest glucoamylase yields on carbon and that the byproducts are efficiently reused in late phases of the process. An alternative process with low glucose concentration show that high osmolarity is beneficial for the process, and we conclude that oxygen limitation, high osmolarity, and the associated byproduct metabolism are important for the efficiency of the process. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 116–124. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Antitumor Molecular Mechanism of Agents Based on Amino 2‐(3′,4′,5′‐Trimethoxybenzoyl)benzo[b]furan: Inhibition of Tubulin and Induction of Apoptosis
Authors: Romagnoli Romeo , Baraldi Pier Giovanni , Lopez‐Cara Carlota , Cruz‐Lopez Olga , Carrion Maria Dora , Kimatrai Salvador Maria , Bermejo Jaime , Estévez Sara , Estévez Francisco , Balzarini Jan , Brancale Andrea , Ricci Antonio , Chen Longchuan , Kim Jae Gwan , Hamel Ernest 
Published: August 2011

AbstractInduction of apoptosis is a promising strategy that could lead to the discovery of new molecules active in cancer chemotherapy. This property is generally observed when cells are treated with agents that target microtubules, dynamic structures that play a crucial role in cell division. Small molecules such as benzo[b]furans are attractive as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. A new class of inhibitors of tubulin polymerization based on the 2‐(3′,4′,5′‐trimethoxybenzoyl)benzo[b]furan molecular skeleton, with the amino group placed at different positions on the benzene ring, were synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activity, inhibition of tubulin polymerization, and cell‐cycle effects. The methoxy substitution pattern on the benzene portion of the benzo[b]furan moiety played an important role in affecting antiproliferative activity. In the series of 5‐amino derivatives, the greatest inhibition of cell growth occurred if the methoxy substituent is placed at the C6 position, whereas C7 substitution decreases potency. The most promising compound in this series is 2‐(3′,4′,5′‐trimethoxybenzoyl)‐3‐methyl‐5‐amino‐6‐methoxybenzo[b]furan (3 h), which inhibits cancer cell growth at nanomolar concentrations (IC50=16–24 nM), and interacts strongly with tubulin by binding to the colchicine site. Sub‐G1 apoptotic cells in cultures of HL‐60 and U937 cells were observed by flow cytometric analysis after treatment with 3 h in a concentration‐dependent manner. We also show that compound 3 h induces apoptosis by activation of caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9, and this is associated with cytochrome c release from mitochondria. The introduction of an α‐bromoacryloyl group increased antiproliferative activity with respect to the parent amino derivatives.
Elimination of truncation and round off error and enhancement of stability using a new split loop DPLL
Authors: Sarkar Surjadeep , Chatterjee Basab , Maulik Ujjwal , Biswas Baidyanath 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIn contrast with the conventional split loop digital phase lock loop, a new loop is presented in this paper that differs from the earlier version principally by design aspects. It incorporates an additional phase modulation input along with its frequency modulation input in the digital controlled oscillator. It is capable of eliminating the deleterious effects of rounding and truncation error with faster signal accusation. Higher loop stability is also achievable using the new split loop digital phase lock loop. Furthermore, radio frequency filtering is done using an In phase and Quadrature phase (IQ) voltage controlled oscillator to avoid interaction between the loop filter and the radio frequency filter. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bericht über die 70. Sitzung des Technischen Lenkungsausschusses der Europäischen Organisation für Technische Zulassungen
Authors: Springborn Matthias 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAm 30. Mai/1. Juni 2011 fand die 70. Sitzung des Technischen Lenkungsausschusses der Europäischen Organisation für Technische Zulassungen (EOTA) in Berlin beim Deutschen Institut für Bautechnik statt.
IL‐10 limits production of pathogenic TNF by M1 myeloid cells through induction of nuclear NF‐κB p50 member in Trypanosoma congolense infection‐resistant C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Bosschaerts Tom , Morias Yannick , Stijlemans Benoît , Hérin Michel , Porta Chiara , Sica Antonio , Mantovani Alberto , De Baetselier Patrick , Beschin Alain 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA balance between parasite elimination and control of infection‐associated pathogenicity is crucial for resistance to African trypanosomiasis. By producing TNF and NO, CD11b+ myeloid cells with a classical activation status (M1) contribute to parasitemia control in experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection in resistant C57BL/6 mice. However, in these mice, IL‐10 is required to regulate M1‐associated inflammation, avoiding tissue/liver damage and ensuring prolonged survival. In an effort to dissect the mechanisms behind the anti‐inflammatory activity of IL‐10 in T. congolense‐infected C57BL/6 mice, we show, using an antibody blocking the IL‐10 receptor, that IL‐10 impairs the accumulation and M1 activation of TNF/iNOS‐producing CD11b+Ly6C+ cells in the liver. Using infected IL‐10flox/floxLysM‐Cre+/+ mice, we show that myeloid cell‐derived IL‐10 limits M1 activation of CD11b+Ly6C+ cells specifically at the level of TNF production. Moreover, higher production of TNF in infected IL‐10flox/floxLysM‐Cre+/+ mice is associated with reduced nuclear accumulation of the NF‐κB p50 subunit in CD11b+ M1 cells. Furthermore, in infected p50−/− mice, TNF production by CD11b+Ly6C+ cells and liver injury increases. These data suggest that preferential nuclear accumulation of p50 represents an IL‐10‐dependent anti‐inflammatory mechanism in M1‐type CD11b+ myeloid cells that regulates the production of pathogenic TNF during T. congolense infection in resistant C57BL/6 mice.
VAMP4‐ and VAMP7‐expressing vesicles are both required for cytotoxic granule exocytosis in NK cells
Authors: Krzewski Konrad , Gil‐Krzewska Aleksandra , Watts James , Stern Joel N. H. , Strominger Jack L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNK cells eliminate cancer and virus‐infected cells through their cytolytic activity. The last step in NK‐cell cytotoxicity, resulting in exocytosis of granule content, requires fusion of lytic granules with the plasma membrane. Proteins from the soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family mediate membrane fusion events in the cell. Here, we show that NK cells express all members of the R‐SNARE subgroup. Two of these R‐SNARE proteins, VAMP4 and VAMP7, colocalize with lytic granules during cytotoxic interactions. However, only VAMP7 associates with perforin‐containing granules in nonactivated cells, indicating that the two VAMPs have different functions in exocytosis. Using both the tumor NK‐cell line YTS and the peripheral NK cells, we show that the disruption of expression of either VAMP4 or VAMP7 inhibits the release of lytic granules and severely impairs NK‐cell cytotoxic activity. Furthermore, VAMP7 but not VAMP4 is involved in IFN‐γ secretion in NK cells, indicating that VAMP7 is involved in many fusion processes and thus plays a more general function in NK‐cell activity than VAMP4.
Release of TNF‐α from macrophages is mediated by small GTPase Rab37
Authors: Mori Ryoichi , Ikematsu Kazuya , Kitaguchi Tetsuya , Kim Sang E. , Okamoto Momoko , Chiba Takuya , Miyawaki Atsushi , Shimokawa Isao , Tsuboi Takashi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractActivated macrophages at wound sites release many cytokines which positively affect skin wound healing. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling cytokine secretion from macrophages have not been elucidated. In the present study, we performed an RT‐PCR analysis and found that 19 small GTPase Rab isoforms were expressed at skin wound sites, with six of them (i.e. Rab3B, Rab27B, Rab30, Rab33A, Rab37, and Rab40C) being upregulated during the inflammation and proliferation/migration phase of skin repair. We also found that gene expression of Rab37 in murine primary and RAW264.7 macrophages was significantly induced after stimulation with LPS. Overexpression of wild type and constitutively active Rab37 in RAW264.7 cells significantly increased TNF‐α secretion, whereas knockdown of Rab37 by siRNA significantly decreased it. We also identified 29 putative Rab37‐interacting proteins, including the membrane fusion regulating Munc13‐1, using liquid chromatography/linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Immunocytochemical analysis further revealed that TNF‐α‐containing vesicles were colocalized with both Rab37 and Munc13‐1 in activated macrophages. Knockdown of Munc13‐1 by siRNA significantly decreased TNF‐α secretion. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that Rab37 interacts with Munc13‐1 to control TNF‐α secretion from activated macrophages.
A Convenient Synthesis of Cyclopentadienylgallium – The Awakening of a Sleeping Beauty in Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Schenk Christian , Köppe Ralf , Schnöckel Hansgeorg , Schnepf Andreas 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSolid “GaI” reacts with NaCp to yield (η5‐cyclopentadienyl)gallium (GaCp) (1). During the synthesis the side product, CpGa→GaCp2I (2), with a rare gallium–gallium donor–acceptor bond could be isolated. The reaction of 1 with B(C6F5)3 affords CpGa→B(C6F5)3 (4). The molecular structures of 2 and 4, which contain the first GaCp moieties, are presented. The convenient synthesis of 1 needs only standard laboratory equipment and certainly opens the door for 1 to become a versatile reagent in organometallic chemistry; awakening the sleeping beauty GaCp nearly twenty years after its initial discovery.