bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of a dry sausage from African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822): microbial, chemical and sensory evaluations
Authors: Oksuz Abdullah , Akdemir Evrendilek Gulsun , Calis Muzaffer Seufi , Ozeren Akif 
Published: September 2009

SummaryProduction of a dry sausage from African catfish and determination of its microbial, chemical and sensory properties during a 70‐day storage at both 4 and 22 °C were prompted. pH of the samples at 4 and 22 °C did not significantly change during the storage (P > 0.05). Moisture content of the samples was 74%, and reduced to 45% at 4 °C and to 22% at 22 °C. Protein content of the samples was 20.71%, and increased to 42.5% at 4 °C and to 57.99% at 22 °C. Total lipid content was 4.5%, and increased to 10.98% at 4 °C and to 15.68% at 22 °C (P < 0.05). Microbial analyses showed that there was a significant reduction in total aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophilic bacteria, total mould and yeast, total lactic acid bacteria, total Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus counts at both 4 and 22 °C (P < 0.05). Samples stored at 4 °C had significantly higher sensory ratings than that of the samples stored at 22 °C (P < 0.05).
Peroxidase activity, chlorophylls and antioxidant profile of two leaf vegetables (Solanum nigrum L. and Amaranthus cruentus L.) under six pretreatment methods before cooking
Authors: Adebooye Odunayo Clement , Vijayalakshmi Ram , Singh Vasudeva 
Published: September 2009

SummaryThe study evaluated the effects of six pretreatment methods before cooking on the peroxidase activity, chlorophyll and antioxidant profile of Amaranthus cruentus L. and Solanum nigrum L. The six pretreatments methods used were chopped only (raw sample) (coded M1); chopped and dried at 50 °C for 5 h (coded M2); chopped and squeezed in water (at room temperature) (coded M3); chopped and soaked in warm water (approximately 60 °C), then cooled and squeezed (coded M4); chopped and soaked in salt‐treated water (approximately 20 g NaCl per litre of water) for 15 min, then squeezed (coded M5) and chopped and soaked in boiling water (100 °C), then cooled and squeezed (coded M6). The main effect of vegetable type and the main effect of pretreatment methods have significant effects (P  0.05) on the parameters measured, while the interaction of vegetable type and pretreatment methods have no significant effect on the parameters measured. Statistical analyses (P  0.05) showed that chlorophyll a and b occur in ratio 3:1 in the two vegetables, irrespective of the pretreatment imposed. Peroxidase activity test showed that A. cruentus, irrespective of the pretreatment imposed showed, no peroxidase activity, while S. nigrum showed high peroxidase activity for all the pretreatments except for M6. Results showed that there was a significantly (P  0.05) higher content of carotenoids in A. cruentus when compared with S. nigrum, while the total phenolics, total flavonoids and total tannins contents were higher in S. nigrum when compared with A. cruentus, irrespective of the pretreatment method used. For the two vegetables, the percentage losses in total carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids and total tannins at M6 when compared with M1 were 53.3–60.5%, 55.6–57.1%, 62.4–63.6% and 66.1–73.5%, respectively. There was a sharp drop in the carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids and tannins contents of the two vegetables at M4 and M6, with both treatments having closely similar values for each parameter.
Anti‐oxidant capacity of dietary polyphenols determined by ABTS assay: a kinetic expression of the results
Authors: Pérez‐Jiménez Jara , Saura‐Calixto Fulgencio 
Published: September 2009

SummaryThe 2, 2′‐Azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenz‐thiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS)/Trolox equivalent anti oxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, which measures the ability of compounds to scavenge the ABTS radical cation (ABTS•+) in relation to Trolox (TEAC) is one of the most widely used methods to determine anti oxidant capacity. Usually, the measurements are based on a fixed end‐point (4–6 min), which may not take into account the different kinetic behaviour of anti‐oxidants. The aim of this work was to propose a kinetic procedure for ABTS•+ assay, by using the kinetic parameters ED50, tEC50 and AE [antiradical efficiency = 1/(ED50 × tEC50)], previously applied to the 2, 2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) assay. It was found that some polyphenols standards – ferulic acid, resveratrol and others‐have not yet completed their reaction at the fixed end‐point. The consideration of kinetic parameters in this method may provide a more thorough understanding of the behaviour of the anti‐oxidants. A comparison of the activity of anti‐oxidants measured by the scavenging of ABTS•+ with that of DPPH• was also carried out.
Thinking strategies used by Registered Nurses during emergency department triage
Authors: Göransson Katarina E. , Ehnfors Margareta , Fonteyn Marsha E. , Ehrenberg Anna 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTitle.  Thinking strategies used by Registered Nurses during emergency department triage Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to describe and compare thinking strategies and cognitive processing in the emergency department triage process by Registered Nurses with high and low triage accuracy.Background.  Sound clinical reasoning and accurate decision‐making are integral parts of modern nursing practice and are of vital importance during triage in emergency departments. Although studies have shown that individual and contextual factors influence the decisions of Registered Nurses in the triage process, others have failed to explain the relationship between triage accuracy and clinical experience. Furthermore, no study has shown the relationship between Registered Nurses’ thinking strategies and their triage accuracy.Method.  Using the ‘think aloud’ method, data were collected in 2004–2005 from 16 RNs working in Swedish emergency departments who had previously participated in a study examining triage accuracy. Content analysis of the data was performed.Findings.  The Registered Nurses used a variety of thinking strategies, ranging from searching for information, generating hypotheses to stating propositions. They structured the triage process in several ways, beginning by gathering data, generating hypotheses or allocating acuity ratings. Comparison of participants’ use of thinking strategies and the structure of the triage process based on their previous triage accuracy revealed only slight differences.Conclusion.  The wide range of thinking strategies used by Registered Nurses when performing triage indicates that triage decision‐making is complex. Further research is needed to ascertain which skills are most important in triage decision‐making.
Global efforts to improve palliative care: the International End‐of‐Life Nursing Education Consortium Training Programme
Authors: Paice Judith A. , Ferrell Betty R. , Coyle Nessa , Coyne Patrick , Callaway Mary 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTitle.  Global efforts to improve palliative care: the International End‐of‐Life Nursing Education Consortium Training Programme Aim.  This paper is a report of an evaluation study to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the End‐of‐Life Nursing Education Consortium‐International training conference in providing education and support materials to participants so they might return to their home countries and disseminate palliative care information.Background.  More than 50 million people die each year, many without access to adequate pain control or palliative care. Numerous barriers to implementation of palliative care exist, including lack of education provided to healthcare professionals regarding these principles. Because they spend the most time with patients and their families, nurses have the greatest potential to change the way palliative care is provided.Method.  A Course Evaluation Form and a Postcourse Activity Evaluation was completed by a convenience sample of 38 nurses from 14 Eastern and Central European, former Soviet, and Central Asian countries. The data were collected in 2006 using Likert scales and open‐ended questions.Findings.  Evaluations of speakers ranged from a mean of 4·4 to 4·9 on the 5‐point scale, with five denoting the highest level. The mean rating of the conference overall was 4·9. Strengths included the professional level of presentations, practical, clinically based content, extensive resources and availability of the educators.Conclusion.  The first End‐of‐Life Nursing Education Consortium‐International training programme demonstrated the feasibility of providing high‐quality, essential education to nurses from a variety of countries. Because End‐of‐Life Nursing Education Consortium is designed as a train‐the‐trainer programme, assistance with translation to native languages, along with textbooks and other resources, is needed to allow participants to fully implement this curriculum.
Health promotion and health education practice: nurses’ perceptions
Authors: Whitehead Dean , Wang Yonghuan , Wang Jianhong , Zhang Jing , Sun Zhen , Xie Chen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTitle.  Health promotion and health education practice: nurses’ perceptions Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to explore nurses’ perceptions of health promotion and health education practice in a Chinese provincial hospital.Background.  Health promotion and health education practices are based on universal constructs. Therefore, such practices should share common principles. To date, most nursing‐related studies have been conducted in Europe or in North America.Method.  A Husserlian phenomenological approach was adopted. Interviews were conducted in 2006 with a sample of eight nursing students and eight senior nurses. The interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed from Mandarin to English. Data analysis adhered to the framework developed by Giorgi.Results.  Reported health education and health promotion‐related practices showed results similar to those reported in Europe and North America. Hospital‐based nurses were often aware of what health promotion is, but did not have the scope or opportunity to implement it in practice. Instead, they were likely to conduct more limited forms of health education. Actual understanding of health promotion and health education constructs was high with most participants, underpinned by active clinical‐based educational support. Some participants were able to conduct broader health promotion activities on a voluntary basis in their own communities.Conclusion.  Health education and health promotion are universal health‐related constructs. Thus, there is an expectation that all nurses will implement these in a similar fashion. Where possible, hospital‐based nurses should strive to improve their health education practices and further embrace wider perspectives of health promotion practice.
Managing pain in chronic kidney disease: patient participation in decision‐making
Authors: Manias Elizabeth , Williams Allison 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTitle.  Managing pain in chronic kidney disease: patient participation in decision‐making Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to examine how decisions about managing pain were made between patients with chronic kidney disease and nurses, what affected the decision style and the types of analgesics and adjuvant therapies given for pain relief in relation to a particular decision style.Background.  While pain often accompanies chronic kidney disease, little is known of how decisions are made about managing pain in clinical practice. Lack of patient involvement in decision‐making may lead to inadequate care provision. In some care situations, nurses have been more concerned with medication side effects than giving effective pain relief.Method.  An exploratory study was conducted, using observations and interviews with a purposive sample of 14 nurses and 53 patients in five adult renal units in Australia. The data were collected during 2004.Findings.  Of the 103 pain activities observed, 78 involved a passive decision style between the nurse and patient, 19 involved a collaborative decision style, and six used an active decision style. The majority of routine analgesic and adjuvant medications administered involved a passive decision style. Most importantly, 25·6% of passive style decisions observed resulted in no administration of an analgesic or adjuvant medication; however, all collaborative and active style decisions observed resulted in administration of an analgesic or adjuvant medication.Conclusion.  Nurses need actively to encourage patient involvement in treatment decisions because this promotes effective pain control. More research is needed into how specific detailed information about pain treatments could improve patient participation in decision‐making.
Quality of life for caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Vellone Ercole , Piras Giovanni , Talucci Carlo , Cohen Marlene Zichi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTitle.  Quality of life for caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s disease Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to describe the meaning of quality of life for caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and to identify factors that affect their quality of life.Background.  The burden for informal caregivers and change in their quality of life can lead to patients being placed in nursing homes. Factors found to worsen caregivers’ quality of life include strained finances, poor family functioning, difficult patient behaviour, financial burdens and the amount of time caregivers spend caring for family members with Alzheimer’s disease.Method.  A hermeneutic phenomenological design was used to study 32 informal caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Data were collected using interviews between November 2004 and June 2005.Findings.  Caregivers associated good quality of life with serenity, tranquility, psychological well‐being, freedom, general well‐being, good health and good financial status. Factors that caregivers said improved their quality of life were good health of the patient, independence from the patient, and more help in caregiving. Factors that worsened their quality of life were worries about the future and progression of the patient’s illness and stress.Conclusion.  Our findings may help healthcare professionals have a deeper understanding of the meaning caregivers give to quality of life and thereby aid in the design of strategies to maintain or improve quality of life. Intervention research is needed for caregivers in countries where this has not yet been performed. Researchers should also investigate whether different types of caregivers (spouse, adult child and friend) have different needs or problems.
Sexuality and personal relationships for people with an intellectual disability. Part II: staff and family carer perspectives
Authors: Evans D. S. , McGuire B. E. , Healy E. , Carley S. N. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground  Recent ideological shifts in service provision promote appropriate sexual expression for people with an intellectual disability (ID), although there is little evidence that such advances in ideology are matched by current service provision. Part II of the current two‐part study assessed the attitudes of staff and family carers to the sexuality of people with an ID.Method  A questionnaire survey which included case scenarios was carried out with family (n = 155) and staff carers (n = 153) of people with an ID in the west of Ireland.Results  In general, staff carers were more inclined than family carers to openly discuss issues of sexuality with service users, and to suggest environmental, rather than service‐user characteristics, as impediments to such discussions. Attitudinal differences emerged with significant differences between staff and family carers and between younger and older carers. Staff carers were more likely to support service‐user engagement in intimate and non‐intimate relationships whereas the majority of family carers (80%) showed a preference for low levels of intimacy in service‐user relationships.Conclusion  When compared with the attitudes of family carers towards the sexuality of people with ID, the attitudes of staff carers more closely match those promoted by ideological developments. However, differences in attitudes between carer groups may lead to inconsistent approaches to the management of sexuality. As a consequence, we conclude that there is continued need to provide staff and family carers with opportunities for dialogue and an ongoing need for training in the area of sexuality.
The place and promotion of well‐being in mental health services: a qualitative investigation
Authors: OWENS C. , CRONE D. , KILGOUR L. , EL ANSARI W. 
Published: September 2009

Accessible summary

The study investigated the place and promotion of well‐being from the perspectives of services users and mental health professionals.
Data from focus groups and interviews were analysed and found that well‐being promotion was available, for example weight management groups in mental health services. However, they also found that there were some contradictions between the groups of people interviewed about what was available and what to promote in the future.
The study concludes suggesting partnerships with local communities to further develop well‐being services, such as opportunities for physical activity, for people with mental health problems.

AbstractThis study explored service users' and mental health professionals' understandings, experiences and opinions of well‐being and its promotion within mental health services. A qualitative case study methodology included nine participants (five adult service users, three mental health professionals, one senior manager) who were purposively sampled from a Mental Health Trust in England. Service users participated in a focus group, while individual semi‐structured interviews were held with the mental health professionals and senior manager. Interpretative phenomenological analysis of the data revealed five main themes including well‐being as a holistic concept; well‐being promotion; the place, promotion and position of well‐being; role of mental health services in well‐being promotion; and areas for further improvement. Findings revealed evidence of well‐being promotion; however, there were contradictions regarding what was known between the groups of participants and what could be provided in the future. Implications for practice include the need to establish more effective partnership working between mental health services and local communities, especially in light of financial constraints within health services at large. This could assist the increased provision of therapeutic services for well‐being promotion.
Hypoxia‐induced changes in recovery sleep, core body temperature, urinary 6‐sulphatoxymelatonin and free cortisol after a simulated long‐duration flight
Authors: COSTE OLIVIER , VAN BEERS PASCAL , TOUITOU YVAN 
Published: September 2009

SummaryFatigue and sleep disorders often occur after long‐haul flights, even when no time zones are crossed. In this controlled study, we assessed the effects of two levels of hypoxia (at 8000 ft and 12 000 ft) on recovery sleep. Core body temperature (CBT), a circadian marker, urinary 6‐sulphatoxymelatonin and free cortisol were studied in 20 young healthy male volunteers exposed for 8 h (08:00–16:00 hours) in a hypobaric chamber to a simulated cabin altitude of 8000 ft and, 4 weeks later, 12 000 ft. Each subject served as his own control. Sleep was recorded by polysomnography for three consecutive nights for each exposure. CBT was monitored by telemetry during the three 24‐h cycles (control, hypoxic exposure and recovery). Free urinary cortisol and 6‐sulphatoxymelatonin levels were assayed twice daily between 08:00 and 20:00 hours (day) and between 20:00 and 08:00 hours (night). We showed significant changes in circadian patterns of CBT at both altitudes, suggesting a phase delay, and changes in recovery sleep but only at 12 000 ft. We observed an increase in sleep onset latency which correlated positively with the increase in CBT levels during the first recovery night and a decrease in the duration of stage N2 (formerly S2), which correlated negatively with the mid‐range crossing time, a reliable phase marker of CBT rhythm. This study shows clearly the impact of hypobaric hypoxia on circadian time structure during air flights leading to a phase delay of CBT, independent of jet lag and consequences on sleep during recovery.
Treatment effects on brain activity during a working memory task in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: ALOIA MARK S. , SWEET LAWRENCE H. , JERSKEY BETH A. , ZIMMERMAN MOLLY , TODD ARNEDT JOHN , MILLMAN RICHARD P. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryPositive airway pressure (PAP) is the most common form of treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Treatment adherence is notoriously low, and holidays from treatment are common. To date, there is no literature on the effects of acute withdrawal from PAP treatment on the brain activity of individuals with OSA. Nine participants with OSA performed a 2‐Back verbal working memory paradigm during repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI). Counterbalanced FMRI sessions were under conditions of PAP treatment (at least one consecutive week) or non‐treatment (for two consecutive nights). Treatment effects on 2‐Back‐related brain activity were significant, with greater deactivation in the right posterior insula and overactivation in the right inferior parietal lobule. The observed responses to PAP treatment withdrawal were more extreme in all regions of interest, such that 2‐Back‐related activity increased and 2‐Back‐related deactivation decreased further relative to the 0‐Back control task. The withdrawal of PAP treatment in effectively treated individuals with OSA might result in the need to reallocate resources in order to perform at the same cognitive level.
Seasonal and latitudinal acclimatization of cardiac transcriptome responses to thermal stress in porcelain crabs, Petrolisthes cinctipes
Authors: STILLMAN JONATHON H. , TAGMOUNT ABDERRAHMANE 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCentral predictions of climate warming models include increased climate variability and increased severity of heat waves. Physiological acclimatization in populations across large‐scale ecological gradients in habitat temperature fluctuation is an important factor to consider in detecting responses to climate change related increases in thermal fluctuation. We measured in vivo cardiac thermal maxima and used microarrays to profile transcriptome heat and cold stress responses in cardiac tissue of intertidal zone porcelain crabs across biogeographic and seasonal gradients in habitat temperature fluctuation. We observed acclimatization dependent induction of heat shock proteins, as well as unknown genes with heat shock protein‐like expression profiles. Thermal acclimatization had the largest effect on heat stress responses of extensin‐like, beta tubulin, and unknown genes. For these genes, crabs acclimatized to thermally variable sites had higher constitutive expression than specimens from low variability sites, but heat stress dramatically induced expression in specimens from low variability sites and repressed expression in specimens from highly variable sites. Our application of ecological transcriptomics has yielded new biomarkers that may represent sensitive indicators of acclimatization to habitat temperature fluctuation. Our study also has identified novel genes whose further description may yield novel understanding of cellular responses to thermal acclimatization or thermal stress.