bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative trait loci segregating in crosses between New Hampshire and White Leghorn chicken lines: III. Fat deposition and intramuscular fat content
Authors: Nassar M. K. , Goraga Z. S. , Brockmann G. A. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryIn this study, a genome scan was performed to detect genomic loci that affect fat deposition in white adipose tissues and muscles in 278 F
2 males of reciprocal crosses between the genetically and phenotypically extreme inbred chicken lines New Hampshire (NHI) and White Leghorn (WL77). Genome‐wide highly significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing fat deposition in white adipose tissues were found on GGA2 and 4. The peak QTL positions for different visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissues were located between 41.4 and 112.4 Mb on GGA2 and between 76.2 and 78.7 Mb on GGA4, which explained 4.2–10.4% and 4.3–11.6% respectively of the phenotypic F
2 variances. Contrary to our expectations, the QTL allele descending from the lean line WL77 on GGA4 led to increased fat deposition. We suggest a transgressive action of the obesity allele only if it is not in the genetic background of the line WL77. Additional highly significant loci for subcutaneous adipose tissue mass were identified on GGA12 and 15. For intramuscular fat content, a suggestive QTL was located on GGA14. The analysed crosses provide a valuable resource for further fine mapping of fatness genes and subsequent gene discovery.
Autosomal genetic diversity in non‐breed horses from eastern Eurasia provides insights into historical population movements
Authors: Warmuth Vera , Manica Andrea , Eriksson Anders , Barker Graeme , Bower Mim 
Published: May 2012

SummaryMany events in the history of eastern Eurasia, including the process of domestication itself, the initial spread of domestic horses and subsequent movements, are believed to have affected the genetic structure of domestic horse populations in this area. We investigated levels of within‐ and between‐population genetic diversity in ‘non‐breed horses’ (working horses sampled in remote areas) from 17 locations in Asia and parts of Eastern Europe, using 26 autosomal microsatellite loci. Non‐breed horses have not been subject to the same intensity of artificial selection and closed breeding as have most breed animals and are thus expected to better reflect the population history of domestic horses. Despite geographic distances of between 300 and 7000 km between sampling locations, pairwise
F
ST
was very low (range: <0.001 to −0.033), suggesting historically high levels of gene flow. Our analyses of non‐breed horses revealed a pattern of isolation by distance and a significant decline in genetic diversity (expected heterozygosity and allelic richness) from east to west, consistent with a westward expansion of horses out of East Asia. Although the timing of this putative expansion is unclear, our results highlight the benefit of studying animals that do not belong to particular breeds when investigating aspects of a population's history.
Allergic rhinitis is associated with otitis media with effusion: a birth cohort study
Authors: Kreiner‐Møller E. , Chawes B. L. K. , Caye‐Thomasen P. , Bønnelykke K. , Bisgaard H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundChildhood otitis media with effusion is a common disease and a link to allergic diseases has been suggested.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between atopic disease and otitis media with effusion diagnosed according to strict objective case definitions by age 6 years.MethodsWe evaluated 291 children in the 6th year of life from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC) 2000 birth cohort. Otitis media with effusion was diagnosed based on tympanometric and objective evaluation. Asthma, eczema, allergic‐ and non‐allergic rhinitis was diagnosed prospectively by pre‐defined algorithms. Nasal mucosal swelling was assessed using acoustic rhinometry and nasal eosinophilia from scrapings.Analyses were performed using logistic regression and adjusted for dog, cat and smoking exposure, paternal atopy, household income, older siblings, gender and number of acute otitis media episodes.ResultsOtitis media with effusion was diagnosed in 39% of the cohort and was associated with allergic rhinitis (aOR = 3.36, CI = 1.26–8.96, P = 0.02), but not with nasal mucosal swelling, nasal oeosinophilia, non‐allergic rhinitis, asthma or eczema.ConclusionOtitis media with effusion is closely associated with allergic rhinitis presumably caused by allergic inflammation, but not mechanical nasal mucosal swelling. These findings warrant an increased awareness of otitis media with effusion in children with allergic rhinitis.
Persistent hypereosinophilia with Wells syndrome
Authors: Powell J. , Kaur M. , Muc R. , Colloby P. , Salim A. 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Since Wells and Smith first described cases of eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells syndrome; WS) in 1979, it has been noted that some but not all patients with WS present with eosinophilia. In the face of idiopathic persistent eosinophilia patients will also then fall within the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), which represents a multifarious spectrum of disorders of varying severity, causes and outcomes. In this article we propose that patients who present within the HES spectrum with cutaneous findings of WS and with no extracutaneous disease be classified as having ‘persistent hypereosinophilia with Wells syndrome’ (PHEWS).
Pervasive developmental disorders in children of hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a longitudinal case–control study
Authors: Palomba Stefano , Marotta Rosa , Di Cello Annalisa , Russo Tiziana , Falbo Angela , Orio Francesco , Tolino Achille , Zullo Fulvio , Esposito Rosa , Sala Giovanni Battista La 
Published: May 2012

SummaryObjectiveFoetal exposure to high testosterone concentrations seems to be involved in the development of mammalian brain and related to pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that children born from hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at higher risk of PDDs.DesignLongitudinal case–control study.PatientsThirty pregnant PCOS patients with hyperandrogenaemia and other 45 pregnant healthy women were followed during pregnancy. All women had a healthy baby.MeasurementsClinical evaluations and biochemical assays of the mothers during pregnancy and after delivery were performed. The children's versions of the Autism‐Spectrum Quotient (AQ‐C), the Empathy Quotient (EQ‐C) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ‐C) tests were administered.ResultsTotal AQ‐C and communication scores were significantly higher for children of PCOS patients. Stratifying our population according to sex, total AQ‐C, communication and attention switching subscores were significantly higher only for daughters of PCOS patients. EQ‐C and SQ‐C scores resulted in significantly lower and higher scores, respectively, only in daughters of PCOS patients in comparison with those of healthy non‐PCOS controls. AQ‐C, EQ‐C and SQ‐C scores, irrespective of the studied group and/or subclassification by gender, were significantly influenced by amniotic testosterone levels.ConclusionsDaughters of mothers affected by hyperandrogenic PCOS seem to have a higher risk for PDDs probably due to an unbalanced prenatal exposure to high levels of testosterone.
Mussel responses to flood pulse frequency: the importance of local habitat
Authors: NEGISHI JUNJIRO N. , SAGAWA SHIRO , KAYABA YUICHI , SANADA SEIJI , KUME MANABU , MIYASHITA TETSUYA 
Published: May 2012

Summary1. Understanding mechanisms behind the distribution of organisms along a gradient of hydrological connectivity is crucial for sustainable management of river–floodplain systems. We tested the hypothesis that frequency of flood pulses exerts a direct influence on the distribution of freshwater mussels (Unionoida) by creating a local environment that limits their fitness.2. Multiscale habitat analyses combined with transplant‐rearing experiments were carried out with a focus on abundance, presence/absence, survival rates and growth rates of mussels. Sixty‐nine floodplain waterbodies (FWBs) were surveyed within a 15‐km lowland segment of the Kiso River in Japan.3. The abundance of mussels significantly increased with increased frequency of inundation associated with flood pulses at the among‐FWB scale, while the probability of occurrence of mussels was negatively predicted by the amount of benthic organic matter at the within‐FWB scale.4. Field‐rearing experiments showed that survival rates were low and growth rates nearly zero in infrequently inundated FWBs (these FWBs had no naturally occurring resident mussels). In such FWBs, hypoxia (DO < 2 mg L−1) was frequently observed near the bottom when temperature was optimal for mussel growth (>15 °C).5. These findings demonstrated that flood pulse frequency was the most important factor in determining mussel distribution in FWBs because it directly limits mussels’ fitness by mediating local environmental factors, possibly dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. Successful restoration efforts for mussel habitat conservation should focus on processes that lead to improved local conditions.
The weekend matters: exploring when and how nurses best recover from work stress
Authors: Drach‐Zahavy Anat , Marzuq Nabil 
Published: May 2012

drach‐zahavy a. & marzuq n. (2013) The weekend matters: exploring when and how nurses best recover from work stress. Journal of Advanced Nursing69(3), 578–589. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06033.xAbstractAim.  This article is a report of a comparative study examining nurses’ levels of emotional exhaustion and vigour after a short respite taken on weekends as compared with two midweek days taken off.Background.  Recovery from work stress – a respite experience that generates replenishing of psychological and physical resources that have been depleted by meeting effortful demands – is crucial to offset future deleterious consequences to mental and physical health.Design.  Longitudinal panel survey.Method.  Nurses (n = 400) completed questionnaires during 2010–2011 on three occasions: (1) Before the respite (weekend or midweek), we measured the timing of the respite and emotional exhaustion and vigour; (2) during the respite we measured respite experiences; and (3) after the respite we re‐measured emotional exhaustion and vigour.Results.  Nurses’ emotional exhaustion was significantly lower and their vigour significantly higher after a short weekend respite than after two‐midweek‐days taken off. Specific experiences during the respite can compensate for the inferior recovery process on weekdays compared with weekends: emotional exhaustion levels of nurses who experienced high relaxation during their respite did not differ whether the respite was at the midweek or weekend. Vigour levels of nurses who experienced control during their respite did not differ whether their respite was midweek or at the weekend.Conclusions.  Insights gained on leisure experiences carry important practical implications for nurses and nursing managers. Staff nurses and their managers should be educated in how to recover from work during leisure time, including preferring weekend on midweek respites and engagement in relaxation and control experiences as much as possible.
Nurses’ competence in genetics: a mixed method systematic review
Authors: Skirton Heather , O’Connor Anita , Humphreys Ann 
Published: May 2012

skirton h., o’connor a. & humphreys a. (2012) Nurses’ competence in genetics: a mixed method systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(11), 2387–2398.AbstractAim.  To ascertain the extent to which nurses are achieving the core competences in genetics appropriate for nursing practice.Background.  There is an increasing focus on genetics in nursing, and relevant core competences have been developed. However, it is unclear whether nurses are achieving these competences.Data sources.  Four databases (CINAHL, Medline, The Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and British Nursing Index) were searched. Hand searching of relevant reference lists and author names was also conducted.Design. Systematic review.Review methods.  The systematic review was undertaken using methods described by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (University of York, 2008). Research studies published in English between January 2000–January 2011 reporting data focussing on nurse competence in genetics were eligible for inclusion. Data were abstracted for inclusion in a table and subjected to thematic analysis: due to diversity of studies, a meta‐analysis was not performed.Results.  Of 269 papers retrieved, 13 were eligible for inclusion. There were five main themes: knowledge, experience in using skills, ethical practice, perceived relevance, and confidence. Although the majority of participants believed genetics was relevant to their role, their knowledge of genetic concepts was generally poor; however, most studies measured self‐reported knowledge rather than assessing actual knowledge.Conclusions.  There is little evidence on this topic, but it does appear from the available evidence that nurses are not demonstrating the competences needed to offer holistic health care to people with genetic conditions. Pre‐ and postregistration programmes must be enhanced to include genetic health care.
Development and psychometric testing of a new tool for detecting moral distress: the Moral Distress Thermometer
Authors: Wocial Lucia D. , Weaver Michael T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim.  To report the development and psychometric testing of the Moral Distress Thermometer. The Moral Distress Thermometer is a new screening tool to measure moral distress in nurses who practise in the hospital setting.Background.  Moral distress occurs when one knows the ethically correct thing to do, but is prevented from acting on that perceived obligation. It is a well documented phenomenon with negative consequences that may be experienced by nurses. Creating an instrument to effectively and efficiently measure moral distress in a timely way has been identified as a priority for nursing.Design.  This study used a cross‐sectional survey design.Methods.  Data collection for this research occurred in 2009. Participants simultaneously completed either the adult or pediatric version of the Moral Distress Scale version 2009 and the Moral Distress Thermometer. A total of 529 participants from various clinical areas completed both tools.Results.  Coefficients alpha were adequate for both Adult (0·90) and Pediatric (0·92) Moral Distress Scale 2009 scales. Statistically significant Pearson correlations were found for the Moral Distress Thermometer with Adult Moral Distress Scale 2009 and Pediatric Moral Distress Scale 2009 and higher Moral Distress Thermometer, Adult Moral Distress Scale 2009 and Pediatric Moral Distress Scale 2009 means for participants who had left or who considered leaving a position because of moral distress.Conclusion.  These findings provide support for the validity of the Moral Distress Thermometer.
Principle‐based analysis of the concept of telecare
Authors: Solli Hilde , Bjørk Ida Torunn , Hvalvik Sigrun , Hellesø Ragnhild 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim.  To report a concept analysis of telecare.Background.  Lately telecare has become a worldwide, modern way of giving care over distance by means of technology. Other concepts, like telemedicine, e‐health, and telehealth, focus on the same topic though the boundaries between them seem to be blurred.Data sources.  Sources comprise 44 English language research articles retrieved from the database of Medline and Cinahl (1995–October 2011).Design.  Literature Review.Method.  A principle‐based analysis was undertaken through content analysis of the definitions, attributes, preconditions, and outcomes of the concept.Results.  The attributes are well described according to the use of technology, caring activity, persons involved, and accessibility. Preconditions and outcomes are well described concerning individual and health political needs and benefits. The concept did not hold its boundaries through theoretical integration with the concept of telemedicine and telehealth. The definition of telecare competes with concepts like home‐based e‐health, telehomecare, telephonecare, telephone‐based psychosocial services, telehealth, and telemedicine. Assessment of the definitions resulted in a suggestion of a new definition: Telecare is the use of information, communication, and monitoring technologies which allow healthcare providers to remotely evaluate health status, give educational intervention, or deliver health and social care to patients in their homes.Conclusion.  The logical principle was assessed to be partly immature, whereas the pragmatical and linguistical principles were found to be mature. A new definition is suggested and this has moved the epistemological principle forward to maturity.
Latitudinal variation in blue tit and great tit nest characteristics indicates environmental adjustment
Authors: Mainwaring Mark C. , Hartley Ian R. , Bearhop Stuart , Brulez Kaat , du Feu Christopher R. , Murphy Gerald , Plummer Kate E. , Webber Simone L. , James Reynolds S. , Deeming D. Charles 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim  The laying of eggs and the building of a nest structure to accommodate them are two of the defining characteristics of members of the class Aves. Nest structures vary considerably across avian taxa and for many species the structure of the completed nest can have important consequences both for parents and their offspring. While nest characteristics are expected to vary adaptively in response to environmental conditions, large‐scale spatial variation in nest characteristics has been largely overlooked. Here, we examine the effects of latitudinal variation in spring temperatures on nest characteristics, including insulatory properties, and reproductive success of blue tits, Cyanistes caeruleus, and great tits, Parus major.Location  Great Britain.Methods  Nests and reproductive data were collected from seven study sites, spread over 5° of latitude. The nest insulatory properties were then determined before the nests were separated into nest base material and cup lining material.Results  As spring temperatures increased with decreasing latitude, the mass of the nest base material did not vary in either species, while the mass of the cup lining material and nest insulatory properties decreased in both species. This suggests that in response to increasing temperatures the breeding female reduces the mass of the cup lining material, thereby maintaining an appropriate microclimate for incubating and brooding. The mean first egg date of both species advanced with decreasing latitude and increasing spring temperatures, although clutch size and brood size at hatching and fledging did not vary.Main conclusions  This is the first study to demonstrate that the nest‐construction behaviour of birds varies in response to large‐scale spatial variation in ambient temperatures. Therefore, nest composition reliably indicates environmental conditions and we suggest that studies of nest structure may be sentinels for the early signs of rapid climate change.
The tempo of genetic evolution in birds: body mass and climate effects
Authors: Gillman Len N. , McCowan Luke S. C. , Wright Shane D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim  Negative relationships between body mass and substitution rates have previously been reported. However, most of these studies have involved contrasted taxa that, due to their highly divergent phylogenetic histories, also differ in many additional characteristics other than mass. In particular, there has been little examination of the potentially confounding effects of climate or population size. Here we test for differences in rates of microevolution among bird species that, although differing in mass, are nonetheless very closely related phylogenetic pairs. We additionally tested for latitudinal/elevational and population size effects across these contrasts.Location  Global.Methods  The tempo of microevolution within the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA was compared between closely related bird species that differed in body mass, using 130 phylogenetically independent species pairs. In order to minimize climate effects, pairs not having overlapping latitudinal ranges were discarded. In addition, a subset of pairs was identified and analysed that involved comparisons between species that have different latitudinal or elevational midpoints.Results  Species with smaller mass had substitution rates marginally faster than those with larger mass (small : large median ratio = 1.05). However, this result was only statistically significant when data were pruned to eliminate comparisons in which population or range size also varied substantially between contrasted species. Latitude and elevation had a much stronger association with substitution rates than body mass within the subset of pairs (n = 30) that also differed in their spatial distributions: lower elevation or latitude species had substantially more substitutions than those at higher latitudes or elevations (low : high ratio = 1.35). Furthermore, when the dataset was pruned of pairs in which body mass was confounded by latitude or elevation, the body mass effect was eliminated.Main conclusions  Body mass is known to correlate with latitude, so that the latitudinal/elevational association with microevolution we found might either be additive to, or causal of, the body mass effect. These results are consistent with the evolutionary speed hypothesis, which suggests that latitudinal diversity gradients derive from variation in the rate of microevolution. Our findings also serve to raise concerns about biogeographical studies that use genetic distances between taxa to estimate time since divergence.