bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of placental weight centiles is useful to estimate cause of fetal growth restriction
Authors: Hasegawa Junichi , Arakawa Kaori , Nakamura Masamitsu , Matsuoka Ryu , Ichizuka Kiyotake , Katsufumi Otsuki , Sekizawa Akihiko , Okai Takashi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To establish a nomogram of placental weight at delivery and to clarify the associations among standardized placental weights and known risk factors of fetal growth restriction (FGR).Material and Methods:  Consequent cases who delivered singleton babies after 22 weeks of gestation at our hospital between 2005 and 2009 were retrospectively analyzed using the hospital database. The data of neonatal birth weight, placental weight, maternal demographics and variables associated with FGR were collected. From these data, we established the nomogram of neonatal and placental weight, and fetal : placental weight ratio against gestational age at the delivery. According to regression formula, the z‐score of the neonatal and placental weights were calculated, and the relation between the standardized placental weights and risk factors associated with growth restriction were analyzed.Results:  Nomograms of neonatal and placental weight, and fetal : placental weight ratio were demonstrated using 3434 cases. Z‐scores of placental weights were low in cases with low maternal body mass index, preeclampsia, abnormal placental forms and short umbilical cord. They were also low in cases with ‘placental dysfunction’, which we usually defined when any other known risk factor was not seen in FGR cases.Conclusion:  A standard curve of placental weight would be a useful tool to explain a certain degree of placental development and the cause of FGR, and to use for further research.
Fetal hemodynamic changes following maternal betamethasone administration in monochorionic twin pregnancies featuring one twin with selective growth restriction and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler
Authors: Chang Yao‐Lung , Chang Shuenn‐Dyh , Chao An‐Shine , Hsieh Peter C. C. , Wang Chao‐Nin , Wang Tzu‐Hao 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To evaluate fetal hemodynamic changes following maternal betamethasone administration in monochorionic twin pregnancies featuring one twin with selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) and absence of end‐diastolic velocity in umbilical artery (UA) Doppler.Material and Methods:  sIUGR was defined as fetal weight below the 10th percentile in one twin and inter‐twin birth weight discordance >25%. The results of Doppler examinations including UA, middle cerebral artery (MCA) and ductus venosus directly prior to (D0), at 24 h (D1) and 48 h (D2) after administration of the first dose of betamethasone were recorded. Cerebral‐placenta ratio was defined as MCA pulsatility index (PI) divided by UA‐PI.Results:  In four (20%) of the 20 cases, the UA Doppler of the growth‐restricted twin returned to positive end‐diastolic velocity after betamethasone administration. The UA‐PI and MCA‐PI of the sIUGR twin changed significantly after betamethasone administration: UA‐PI was decreased at D1, the MCA‐PI was reduced at both D1 and D2, and the cerebral‐placenta ratio was not altered after betamethasone administration in the sIUGR twin.Conclusion:  The hemodynamic changes after betamethasone administration were different between the two monochorionic twin fetuses where one presented with sIUGR and absence of UA end‐diastolic velocity. The etiology of a low rate of return of end‐diastolic velocity in the sIUGR twin needs further evaluation.
Predictors associated with severity of pelvic actinomycosis
Authors: Koo Yu‐Jin , Kwon Yong‐Soon , Shim Jae‐Uk , Mok Jung‐Eun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the clinical features of pelvic actinomycosis and to identify predictive factors associated with severity of pelvic actinomycosis.Material and Methods:  Medical records of 25 patients diagnosed with pelvic actinomycosis and treated by surgery between September 1994 and March 2010 at Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center were reviewed retrospectively.Results:  Of the 25 patients, 15 (60%) had mild pelvic actinomycosis with adhesion and abscess but no complications. The other 10 patients (40%) had an aggressive state of pelvic actinomycosis accompanied by diverse complications, such as hydroureter, abscess rupture, bowel obstruction and cystoenteric fistula. The aggressive actinomycosis correlated with fever, higher neutrophil percentage and a higher white blood cell count to hemoglobin ratio compared to those with mild pelvic actinomycosis. However, there were no significant differences in the use of intrauterine devices, C‐reactive peptide level or mass size between those with mild and aggressive pelvic actinomycosis.Conclusion:  Using the clinical factors, such as fever, neutrophil percentage and white blood cell count to hemoglobin ratio, the surgeons can more accurately predict the severity of pelvic actinomycosis, thus being helpful for more proper disease management.
Metastatic urachal carcinoma of the ovary
Authors: Jo Eun Ju , Choi Chel Hun , Bae Duk‐Soo , Park Se Hoon , Hong Sung‐Ran , Lee Je‐Ho 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA 52‐year‐old woman had undergone a partial cystectomy for a cystic mass at the dome of the urinary bladder in 1997. The pathological diagnosis was a urachal mucinous cystadenoma with borderline malignancy. Twelve years later, multiple masses were noted on the uterus, ovaries and abdominal wall. She underwent debulking surgery, including a total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, pelvic lymph node dissection, infracolic omentectomy, appendectomy, colon mass removal and abdominal wall mass removal. Remnants of the tumor were seeded throughout the abdominal cavity. The pathological evaluation confirmed metastatic urachal mucinous adenocarcinoma in both ovaries, the abdominal wall, the colon mass, the uterosacral ligament and the bladder. Adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin was administered, which showed stable disease. She is now undergoing second‐line chemotherapy.
Impact of a single perioperative dose of dexamethasone on the incidence of surgical site infections: A case–control study
Authors: Eberhart Leopold H. J. , Holdorf Stefanie , Albert Ute S. , Kalder Matthias , Kerwat Klaus , Kranke Peter , Morin Astrid M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAims:  Dexamethasone is recommended in several international guidelines to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting, a problem especially frequent in gynecological patients. Despite the increasing use of dexamethasone for this indication there are limited data concerning potential harmful effects of corticosteroids in surgical patients, especially the potential negative impact on wound healing and surgical site infection (SSI). This case–control study was conducted to look for potentially harmful effects of a single perioperative dose of dexamethasone with respect to the occurrence of SSI in gynecological and obstetric surgery patients.Materials and Methods:  We retrospectively analyzed 3449 patients undergoing inpatient gynecological or obstetric surgical procedures for the occurrence of deep SSI requiring surgical intervention or prolonged antibiotic treatment. These case patients were matched to control patients according to the surgeon performing the procedure, the type of surgery, biometric data, and known risk factors for SSI. Furthermore, timely linearity of dexamethasone use and SSI rate was exploratorily analyzed using several auto‐regressive, integrated, moving‐average models.Results:  Forty patients with deep SSI were matched to 158 controls. The risk profile for wound infections of both groups was comparable. Forty‐five percent (95% confidence interval: 29–62%) of the case patients were treated with dexamethasone and 49% (95% confidence interval: 41–57%) of the control group received the drug. An increasing use of dexamethasone over time was not followed by an increased SSI rate. There were no timely correlations between dexamethasone usage and the occurrence of SSI.Conclusion:  In this case–control study we could not detect any evidence for an increased risk for SSI after a single‐dose of dexamethasone (4–8 mg) in gynecological patients.
Rooted Cosmopolitanism: Spaces of Multiplicity in Cusco, Peru
Authors: LAWHON MARY , CHION MIRIAM 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCosmopolitanism has recently been revived as a concept through which to explore increasing global interactions. While many theoretical advances have been made, these conversations focus on urban centers in the global North and remain caught up in binary concepts such as the global/local. In our article, we start with an empirical set of social processes and spatial practices in Cusco, a global South city with extensive international connections. To this we add theoretical concepts of rooted cosmopolitanism and multiplicity of space to move beyond the global/local dichotomy. We then formulate our theorization of the production of cosmopolitan places and propose a revised conceptualization of rooted cosmopolitanism. The multiple stories of Cusco allowed us to recognize the production of rooted cosmopolitan places through three interrelated processes: openness to diversity and difference, valuing of own aesthetics based on personal preferences and local traditions, and territorial commitment to shared space and its people. We provide examples of these processes, and posit the need for them to occur simultaneously, to show the potential for a rooted cosmopolitanism. Our intention is not to establish a set of criteria for development but to contribute to conversations on understanding, evaluating and negotiating diverse flows in place.RésuméDernièrement, le cosmopolitisme a réapparu en tant que concept permettant d'explorer les interactions mondiales croissantes. De nombreux progrès théoriques ont été réalisés, mais les débats se focalisent sur les centres urbains des pays du Nord, restant prisonniers de notions binaires tels que mondial/local. Cet article présente d'abord un ensemble empirique de processus sociaux et de pratiques spatiales propres à Cuzco, ville mondiale du Sud dotée de vastes connexions internationales. Viennent s'ajouter les concepts théoriques de cosmopolitisme enraciné et de multiplicité de l'espace pour échapper à la dichotomie du mondial/local. Ce travail aboutit à une théorisation de la production de lieux cosmopolites et reformule la conceptualisation du cosmopolitisme enraciné. En partant des multiples récits sur Cuzco, il est possible de reconnaître la production de lieux cosmopolites enracinés grâce à trois processus liés: l'ouverture à la diversité et à la différence; la valorisation d'une esthétique propre basée sur des préférences personnelles et des traditions locales; un engagement territorial à l'égard de l'espace partagé et de sa population. Le potentiel du cosmopolitisme enraciné est montréà l'aide d'exemples de ces processus, ceux‐ci devant, par principe, se produire simultanément. Il ne s'agit pas ici de définir une liste de critères de développement, mais de contribuer aux échanges sur la compréhension, l'évaluation et la négociation des divers flux existants.
Emotional reactivity to emotional and smoking cues during smoking abstinence: Potentiated startle and P300 suppression
Authors: Engelmann Jeffrey M. , Gewirtz Jonathan C. , Cuthbert Bruce N. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNegative affect is thought to be an important factor in the maintenance of cigarette smoking, and thus it is important to further develop objective measures of smoking‐related emotional responses. Nonsmokers, nonabstinent smokers, and abstinent smokers participated in a cue reactivity task where eyeblink startle amplitude and startle probe P300 (P3) suppression were measured during the presentation of emotional pictures. During unpleasant pictures, the amplitude of both measures was smaller in nonabstinent smokers than in nonsmokers or abstinent smokers. P3 suppression, but not startle amplitude, was larger in abstinent smokers than in nonsmokers. Abstinence‐induced increases in cigarette craving were associated with P3 suppression during tobacco‐related pictures. Results suggest that tobacco abstinence increases emotional reactivity to unpleasant stimuli, which is consistent with negative reinforcement models of tobacco addiction.
Pregnancy incidence and outcome among patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kalliala I , Anttila A , Dyba T , Hakulinen T , Halttunen M , Nieminen P 
Published: July 2011

Please cite this paper as: Kalliala I, Anttila A, Dyba T, Hakulinen T, Halttunen M, Nieminen P. Pregnancy incidence and outcome among patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2012;119:227–235.Objective  To investigate the effect of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) treatment on incidence of pregnancy and pregnancy outcome.Design  Retrospective cohort study.Setting  Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland, the sole reference centre in the Helsinki–Uusimaa region for women referred for colposcopy.Population  A cohort of 6179 women treated for CIN between 1974 and 2001, and a randomly selected, age‐ and municipality‐matched, reference population of 30 436 women.Methods  Based on nationwide registers, all women were followed‐up for pregnancy outcomes until death, emigration, sterilization, or until the end of 2004.Main outcome measures  Incidence of any pregnancy, livebirths, miscarriages, extrauterine pregnancies, molar pregnancies, and terminations of pregnancies (TOPs) before and after CIN treatment, estimated by calculating hazard ratios (HRs) with stratified Cox regression and Poisson regression.Results  After CIN treatment, both incidence of pregnancy (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.15–1.26; P < 0.001) and incidence of livebirths (HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.06–1.18; P < 0.001) were higher among the treated women than among the reference population. Before treatment, only incidence of pregnancy had been elevated among those treated (HR 1.06; 95% CI 1.04–1.09; P < 0.001). The incidence of extrauterine pregnancies and of TOPs was significantly elevated among those treated both before and after CIN treatment.Conclusions  No clear evidence emerged of adverse effects resulting from the CIN treatment itself, because the women treated had more pregnancies and more children than their reference population. TOPs and extrauterine pregnancies were more common among the treated women already before the CIN treatment.
2′‐Methoxy‐6‐methylflavone: a novel anxiolytic and sedative with subtype selective activating and modulating actions at GABAA receptors
Authors: Karim Nasiara , Curmi John , Gavande Navnath , Johnston Graham AR , Hanrahan Jane R , Tierney M Louise , Chebib Mary 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Flavonoids are known to have anxiolytic and sedative effects mediated via actions on ionotropic GABA receptors. We sought to investigate this further.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We evaluated the effects of 2′‐methoxy‐6‐methylflavone (2′MeO6MF) on native GABAA receptors in new‐born rat hippocampal neurons and determined specificity from 18 human recombinant GABAA receptor subtypes expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We used ligand binding, two‐electrode voltage clamp and patch clamp studies together with behavioural studies.KEY RESULTS 2′MeO6MF potentiated GABA at α2β1γ2L and all α1‐containing GABAA receptor subtypes. At α2β2/3γ2L GABAA receptors, however, 2′MeO6MF directly activated the receptors without potentiating GABA. This activation was attenuated by bicuculline and gabazine but not flumazenil indicating a novel site. Mutation studies showed position 265 in the β1/2 subunit was key to whether 2′MeO6MF was an activator or a potentiator. In hippocampal neurons, 2′MeO6MF directly activated single‐channel currents that showed the hallmarks of GABAA Cl‐ currents. In the continued presence of 2′MeO6MF the single‐channel conductance increased and these high conductance channels were disrupted by the γ2(381–403) MA peptide, indicating that such currents are mediated by α2/γ2‐containing GABAA receptors. In mice, 2′MeO6MF (1–100 mg·kg−1; i.p.) displayed anxiolytic‐like effects in two unconditioned models of anxiety: the elevated plus maze and light/dark tests. 2′MeO6MF induced sedative effects at higher doses in the holeboard, actimeter and barbiturate‐induced sleep time tests. No myorelaxant effects were observed in the horizontal wire test.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 2′MeO6MF will serve as a tool to study the complex nature of the activation and modulation of GABAA receptor subtypes.
On the inhibition of 5‐lipoxygenase product formation by tryptanthrin: mechanistic studies and efficacy in vivo
Authors: Pergola C , Jazzar B , Rossi A , Northoff H , Hamburger M , Sautebin L , Werz O 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Leukotrienes (LTs) are pro‐inflammatory mediators produced by 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO). Currently available 5‐LO inhibitors either lack efficacy or are toxic and novel approaches are required to establish a successful anti‐LT therapy. Here we provide a detailed evaluation of the effectiveness of the plant‐derived alkaloid tryptanthrin as an inhibitor of LT biosynthesis.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We analysed LT formation and performed mechanistic studies in human neutrophils stimulated with pathophysiologically relevant stimuli (LPS and formyl peptide), as well as in cell‐free assays (neutrophil homogenates or recombinant human 5‐LO) and in human whole blood. The in vivo effectiveness of tryptanthrin was evaluated in the rat model of carrageenan‐induced pleurisy.KEY RESULTS Tryptanthrin potently reduced LT‐formation in human neutrophils (IC50= 0.6 µM). However, tryptanthrin is not a redox‐active compound and did not directly interfere with 5‐LO activity in cell‐free assays. Similarly, tryptanthrin did not inhibit the release of arachidonic acid, the activation of MAPKs, or the increase in [Ca2+]i, but it modified the subcellular localization of 5‐LO. Moreover, tryptanthrin potently suppressed LT formation in human whole blood (IC50= 10 µM) and reduced LTB4 levels in the rat pleurisy model after a single oral dose of 10 mg·kg−1.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data reveal that tryptanthrin is a potent natural inhibitor of cellular LT biosynthesis with proven efficacy in whole blood and is effective in vivo after oral administration. Its unique pharmacological profile supports further analysis to exploit its pharmacological potential.
Pyridoxine inhibits endothelial NOS uncoupling induced by oxidized low‐density lipoprotein via the PKCα signalling pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Xie Liping , Liu Zhen , Lu Hui , Zhang Wen , Mi Qiongyu , Li Xiaozhen , Tang Yan , Chen Qi , Ferro Albert , Ji Yong 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE One key mechanism for endothelial dysfunction is endothelial NOS (eNOS) uncoupling, whereby eNOS generates superoxide (O2•−) rather than NO. We explored the effect of pyridoxine on eNOS uncoupling induced by oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the potential molecular mechanism.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HUVECs were incubated with ox‐LDL with/without pyridoxine, NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methylester (L‐NAME), chelerythrine chloride (CHCI) or apocynin. Endothelial O2•− was measured using lucigenin chemiluminescence, and O2•−‐sensitive fluorescent dye dihydroethidium (DHE). NO levels were measured by chemiluminescence, PepTag Assay for non‐radioactive detection of PKC activity, depletion of PKCα and p47phox by siRNA silencing and the states of phospho‐eNOS Thr495, total‐eNOS, phospho‐PKCα/βII, total PKC, phospho‐PKCα, total PKCα and p47phox were measured by Western blot.KEY RESULTS Ox‐LDL significantly increased O2•− production and reduced NO levels released from HUVECs; an effect reversed by eNOS inhibitor, L‐NAME. Pyridoxine pretreatment significantly inhibited ox‐LDL‐induced O2•− generation and preserved NO levels. Pyridoxine also prevented the ox‐LDL‐induced reduction in phospho‐eNOS Thr495 and PKC activity. These protective effects of pyridoxine were abolished by the PKC inhibitor, CHCI, or siRNA silencing of PKCα. However, depletion of p47phox or treatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin, had no influence on these effects. Also, cytosol p47phox expression was unchanged by the different treatments.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Pyridoxine mitigated eNOS uncoupling induced by ox‐LDL. This protectant effect was related to phosphorylation of eNOS Thr495 stimulated by PKCα, not via NADPH oxidase. These results provide support for the use of pyridoxine in ox‐LDL‐related vascular endothelial dysfunction.
Stability of sapphirine + quartz in the oxidized rocks of the Wilson Lake terrane, Labrador: calculated equilibria in NCKFMASHTO
Authors: KORHONEN F. J. , POWELL R. , STOUT J. H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe equilibrium coexistence of sapphirine + quartz is inferred to record temperatures in excess of 980 °C, based on the stability of this assemblage in the simplified chemical system FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 (FMAS) system. However, the potential for sapphirine to contain significant Fe3+ suggests that the stability of sapphirine + quartz could extend to lower temperatures than those constrained in this ideal system. The Wilson Lake terrane in the Grenville Province of central Labrador preserves sapphirine + quartz‐bearing assemblages in highly oxidized bulk compositions, and provides an opportunity to explore the stability of sapphirine + quartz in such rock compositions within the Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–O (NCKFMASHTO) chemical system. Starting with the phase equilibria in FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2–O (FMASTO), expansion into K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–O (KFMASHTO) allows the effect of the stability of the additional phases, biotite, K‐feldspar and melt, on the stability of sapphirine + quartz to be assessed. These phase relations are evaluated generally using P–T projections, and the ultimate extension into NCKFMASHTO is done with pseudosections. Conditions of peak metamorphism in the Wilson Lake terrane are constrained using P–T pseudosections, and the appropriate H2O and O contents to use in the modelled compositions are investigated using T–MH2O and T–MO pseudosections. The peak P–T estimates from a sapphirine + quartz‐bearing sample are ∼960 to 935 °C at ∼10 to 8.6 kbar, similar to estimates from orthopyroxene + sillimanite + quartz ± garnet‐bearing samples. Whereas the sapphirine + quartz‐bearing sample is more Fe‐rich than the orthopyroxene + sillimanite‐bearing sample on an all‐Fe‐as‐FeO basis, once the oxidation state is taken into account, the former is effectively more magnesian than the latter, accounting for the sapphirine occurrence.