bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous Cage‐Like Silica Monoliths for Optical Sensing of Pollutant Ions
Authors: El‐Safty Sherif A. , Halada Kohmei , Yamada Hirohisa 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

An attractive means of improving pollution monitoring would be the use of simple, inexpensive, rapidly responsive and portable sensors. In this respect, selective optical sensing attracts much interest due to the use of ‘low‐tech’ spectroscopic instrumentation to detect relevant chemical species in biological and environmental processes. With recent advances in mesostructured materials and nanotechnologies, new methods are emerging to design optical sensors and biosensors and develop highly sensitive solid sensors. Recent developments have focused on tailoring specific sensors for the naked‐eye detection of highly toxic heavy metal ions such as lead, cadmium, antimony and mercury in aquatic samples. Sensitive, low‐cost, simple nanosensor designs have been successfully developed by the immobilization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic chromophore molecules into spherically nanosized cage cavities and surfaces. A rational strategy was crucial to the development of optical nanosensors that can be used to control the accurate recognition and signaling abilities of analyte species for ion‐sensing purposes. In this chapter, we report evidence of significant key factors in the development of receptors as ‘indicator dyes’ and surface‐confined materials as ‘carriers’ to broaden the applicability of optical chemical sensors for the selective discrimination of trace levels of toxic analytes. For the nanosensor design techniques described here, a dense pattern of immobilized hydrophobic ‘neutral’ and hydrophilic ‘charged’ chromophores with intrinsic mobility via extremely robust constructed sequences onto nanoscale structures was key to enhancing the sensing functionality of optical nanosensors. These nanosensor designs can be used as cage probe sinks with reliable control, for the first time, over the colorimetric recognition of highly toxic metal ions to low levels of ∼10
−9

M
. Control sensing assays were established to achieve enhanced signal response and color intensities. Moreover, these new classes of optical cage sensor exhibited long‐term stability of signaling and recognition functionalities that provided extraordinary sensitivity, selectivity, reusability and rapid kinetic detection and quantification of deleterious metal ions in the environment. This chapter details recent developments in the efficient design of optical nanosensors that employ mesoporous materials as model carriers to control the accurate recognition and signaling abilities of analyte species for ion‐sensing purposes.
Building Nonmagnetic Metal@Oxide and Bimetallic Nanostructures: Potential Applications in the Life Sciences
Authors: Mo Mao‐Song , Du Xu‐Sheng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMetallic nanostructures hold great potential for biomedical research such as biodetection and bioimaging, disease‐causing gene expression profiling, biodiagnostics, drug delivery and targeted therapeutics, and tissue engineering. A plethora of high‐quality metallic nanomotifs have been well developed to date. In this chapter we review the latest advances in the chemical build‐up of nonmagnetic metal@oxide and bimetallic nanostructures, as well as their current and future applications in the life sciences. Because of their unique size‐, shape‐ and composition‐dependent properties, the simultaneous detection of multiple signals with high stability, and dimensional similarities to biomacromolecules, nanostructured metals may be used to address key problems in the life sciences, from early cancer diagnostics to therapeutics.
Self‐Assembled pH‐Sensitive Nanoparticles: A Platform for Oral Delivery of Protein Drugs
Authors: Sonaje Kiran , Lin Kun‐Ju , Wang Jiun‐Jie , Mi Fwu‐Long , Chen Chiung‐Tong , Juang Jyuhn‐Huarng , Sung Hsing‐Wen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe oral route is considered to be the most convenient and comfortable means of drug administration for patients. Nevertheless, oral administration of hydrophilic macromolecules such as peptide/protein drugs is encountered with many difficulties. To overcome these difficulties, a pH‐sensitive nanoparticle (NP) carrier system, self‐assembled by chitosan (CS) and poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA), is developed for paracellular transports of insulin. Oral administration of insulin‐loaded NPs shows a significant hypoglycemic action in diabetic rats and the corresponding relative bioavailability of insulin is approximately 15%. These findings suggest that the developed NP system is a promising carrier for improved transmucosal delivery of insulin in the small intestine. Besides insulin, this NP carrier system is expected to serve as a platform for oral delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules such as pharmaceutically active peptides/proteins, glycosaminoglycans, and oligonucleotides. Studies on the detailed mechanism of tight‐junction opening by CS or its derivatives are in progress, which is of paramount importance and needs to be established to aid further development in the use of NPs for oral delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules.
A General Approach for Patterning Multiple Types of Cells Using Holey PDMS Membranes and Microfluidic Channels
Authors: Yuan Bo , Li Yong , Wang Dong , Xie Yunyan , Liu Yingyi , Cui Li , Tu Fuquan , Li Hao , Ji Hang , Zhang Wei , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA novel method combining microfluidic channels and holey poly(dimethylsiloxane) PDMS membranes is presented for patterning multiple types of cells on a large variety of substrate, including substrate bearing micro‐ and nanometer‐scale structures. Different kinds of cell are patterned on diverse flat substrates composed of various materials. Further, different cells are patterned on substrate with microgrooved substrate, and the influence of cell–cell and cell–substrate interactions about cell group behaviors is shown. This method provides a new approach for studying many processes in vitro caused by cell–cell and/or cell–substrate interactions. In addition, the method is straightforward, easy to access, convenient, and may be useful for a broad set of biological studies.
Statement on national worklife priorities
Authors: Cherniack Martin , Henning Rob , Merchant James A. , Punnett Laura , Sorensen Glorian R. , Wagner Gregory 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) WorkLife Initiative (WLI) [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/worklife] seeks to promote workplace programs, policies, and practices that result in healthier, more productive employees through a focus simultaneously on disease prevention, health promotion, and accommodations to age, family, and life stage. The Initiative incorporates the Institute's foundational commitment to workplaces free of recognized hazards into broader consideration of the factors that affect worker health and wellbeing. Workplace hazards, such as physical demands, chemical exposures, and work organization, often interact with non‐work factors such as family demands and health behaviors to increase health and safety risks. New workplace interventions being tested by the first three NIOSH WLI Centers of WorkLife Excellence are exploring innovative models for employee health programs to reduce the human, social, and economic costs of compromised health and quality of life. Many parties in industry, labor, and government share the goals of improving employee health while controlling health care costs. NIOSH convened a workshop in 2008 with representatives of the three Centers of Excellence to develop a comprehensive, long‐range strategy for advancing the WorkLife Initiative. The recommendations below fall into three areas: practice, research, and policy. Responding to these recommendations would permit the WorkLife Center system to establish a new infrastructure for workplace prevention programs by compiling and disseminating the innovative practices being developed and tested at the Centers, and elsewhere. The WLI would also extend the customary scope of NIOSH by engaging with multiple NIH Institutes that are already generating research‐to‐practice programs involving the working‐age population, in areas such as chronic disease prevention and management. Research to Practice (r2p) is a concept focused on the translation of research findings, technologies, and information into evidence‐based prevention practices and products that are adopted in the workplace or other “real‐world” settings. NIOSH's goal is to overcome the translational issues that now prevent state‐of‐the‐art occupational health, health promotion, and chronic disease research findings from benefiting working age populations immediately, regardless of workplace size, work sector, or region of the country. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:10–20, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clues to an early diagnosis of Kallmann syndrome
Authors: Kaplan Julie D. , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Kwan Andrea , Hudgins Louanne 
Published: October 2010

AbstractKallmann syndrome (KS) is defined by the association of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia/hyposmia. Diagnosis is frequently delayed, however, because hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is usually not apparent until puberty and individuals with anosmia/hyposmia are often unaware of this sensory deficit. Mutations in at least six genes have been associated with KS; however, the sensitivity of molecular testing is only about 30% and, therefore, the diagnosis is largely based on clinical findings. We describe the findings in six individuals with KS, which demonstrate the utility of associated anomalies in making this diagnosis. Analysis of our case series and literature review suggests the consideration of KS for males with microphallus and/or cryptorchidism and for any patient with hearing loss, renal agenesis, and/or synkinesis. Conversely, patients with features of KS should have an audiology evaluation and a renal ultrasound. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discordance for Schimmelpenning–Feuerstein–Mims syndrome in monochorionic twins supports the concept of a postzygotic mutation
Authors: Rijntjes‐Jacobs Esther G.J. , Lopriore Enrico , Steggerda Sylke J. , Kant Sarina G. , Walther Frans J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe Schimmelpenning–Feuerstein–Mims (SFM) syndrome comprises a craniofacial nevus sebaceus, seizures, developmental delay, ocular and skeletal abnormalities. It is a sporadic condition and hypothesized to result from mosaicism involving a lethal autosomal dominant gene. We report a second occurrence of discordant monozygotic (MZ) twins with severe SFM, supporting the concept of a postzygotic mutation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel X‐linked multiple congenital anomaly syndrome associated with an EBP mutation
Authors: Furtado Larissa V. , Bayrak‐Toydemir Pinar , Hulinsky Becki , Damjanovich Kristy , Carey John C. , Rope Alan F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMutations of the gene coding for emopamil binding protein (EBP) can lead to deficient activity of 3‐β‐hydroxysteroid Δ8, Δ7 isomerase and are most commonly identified in. association with the X‐linked dominant (male lethal) chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX2), also known as Conradi‐Hunermann syndrome. Our group has identified a hemizygous EBP mutation in males with a phenotype remarkable for Dandy‐Walker malformation, cataracts, collodion skin and cryptorchidism. Additional findings of hydrocephalus, dysplasia of the corpus callosum, cardiovascular, craniofacial and skeletal anomalies were regularly seen in affected males and the family histories were supportive of an X‐linked ‐recessive condition. The regularly reproducible constellation of cardinal features aligns very nicely with other disorders of sterol biosynthesis and is further distinguished by an absence of arty clinical manifestations in obligate carrier females. Biochemical analysis of blood from cases demonstrated markedly increased levels of 8(9)‐cholestenol, and 8‐dehydroeholesterol and a mildly increased level of 7‐dehydrocholesterol; a similar pattern to what is seen in CDPX2. Sequence analysis of EJJP revealed a novel hemizygous missense mutation at position 141, predictive of a tryptophan to cysteine substitution (c.141G>T, p.W47C). The unaffected mothers were heterozygous for the c.141G>T mutation arid showed random X‐inactivation pattern upon. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Extending the range of structural defects
Authors: Jones Kenneth Lyons , Hoyme H. Eugene , Robinson Luther K. , del Campo Miguel , Manning Melanie A. , Prewitt Lela M. , Chambers Christina D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAlthough the structural phenotype of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is established, prenatal exposure to alcohol may produce a broader spectrum of defects, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Documenting the full spectrum of defects associated with FASD is critical to determining the true incidence of this disorder. We examined 831 children from the Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders using a structured protocol for diagnosis of FAS using the cardinal facial and growth features, and assessment of additional structural defects thought to occur more often in children with prenatal alcohol exposure. Subjects were classified as FAS, Deferred (some characteristic features of FAS), or No FAS, Groups were compared on prevalence of additional features and number of additional features observed, stratified by diagnostic category, sex, race, and age. Prevalence of most additional features was greatest among subjects with FAS and least among No FAS. A higher frequency of additional features was observed among FAS and Deferred subjects ≥12 years of age than among those under 12. FAS and Deferred Whites had greater frequency of additional features than Cape Colored. Prenatal alcohol exposure may produce a broad spectrum of structural defects that goes beyond FAS with implications regarding the impact of alcohol on the developing fetus, a prerequisite for ultimate prevention of FASD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Candidate gene sequencing of LHX2, HESX1, and SOX2 in a large schizencephaly cohort
Authors: Mellado Cecilia , Poduri Annapurna , Gleason Danielle , Elhosary Princess C. , Barry Brenda J. , Partlow Jennifer N. , Chang Bernard S. , Shaw Gary M. , Barkovich A. James , Walsh Christopher A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSchizencephaly is a malformation of cortical development characterized by gray matter‐lined clefts in the cerebral cortex and a range of neurological presentations. In some cases, there are features of septo‐optic dysplasia concurrently with schizencephaly. The etiologies of both schizencephaly and septo‐optic dysplasia are thought to be heterogeneous, but there is evidence that at least some cases have genetic origin. We hypothesized that these disorders may be caused by mutations in three candidate genes: LHX2, a gene with an important cortical patterning role, and HESX1 and SOX2, genes that have been associated with septo‐optic dysplasia. We sequenced a large cohort of patients with schizencephaly, some with features of septo‐optic dysplasia, for mutations in these genes. No pathogenic mutations were observed, suggesting that other genes or non‐genetic factors influencing genes critical to brain development must be responsible for schizencephaly. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of microtia with maternal obesity and periconceptional folic acid use
Authors: Ma Chen , Carmichael Suzan L. , Scheuerle Angela E. , Canfield Mark A. , Shaw Gary M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe study objective was to examine the association of microtia with maternal intake of folic‐acid‐containing supplements and obesity. The study data included deliveries from 1997 to 2005 from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Non‐syndromic cases of microtia were compared to non‐malformed, population‐based liveborn control infants, by estimating adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from logistic regression models that included maternal race/ethnicity, education, and study site. Maternal obesity was only weakly associated with microtia. Maternal periconceptional intake of folic‐acid‐containing vitamin supplements reduced the risk for microtia, but only among non‐obese women (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44–0.91). The reduced risk was stronger when analyses were restricted to isolated cases (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.34–0.77), and it was independent of the level of maternal dietary folate intake. Adjusting for maternal race/ethnicity did not reveal alternative interpretations of this association. This analysis suggests that maternal periconceptional intake of folic‐acid‐containing supplements may provide protection from microtia for non‐obese women. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unilateral agenesis of the abdominal wall musculature: An early muscle deficiency
Authors: Gerard‐Blanluet Marion , Port‐Lis Marylin , Baumann Clarisse , Perrin‐Sabourin Laurence , Ebrad Patrick , Audry Georges , Delezoide Anne‐Lise , Verloes Alain 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPrune‐belly sequence (PBS) usually results from early urethral obstruction. In rare cases, PBS seems to be due to a faulty primary development of the parietal mesenchyme leading to underdevelopment of the abdominal wall musculature, and disorganization of the smooth muscles in the urinary tract. We report on two patients with segmental, unilateral wall musculature deficiency associated with homolateral agenesis of ribs. One patient also had hemivertebrae and the other one ipsilateral diaphragmatic eventration and aplasia cutis. This combination of anomalies may represent a localized deficiency in the development of somitic mesoderm mesenchyme during early embryogenesis. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenotype and natural history in Marshall–Smith syndrome
Authors: Shaw Adam C. , van Balkom Inge D.C. , Bauer Mislen , Cole Trevor R.P. , Delrue Marie‐Ange , Van Haeringen Arie , Holmberg Eva , Knight Samantha J.L. , Mortier Geert , Nampoothiri Sheela , Pušeljić Silvija , Zenker Martin , Cormier‐Daire Valerie , Hennekam Raoul C.M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMarshall–Smith syndrome (MSS) is a distinctive entity of unknown etiology with fewer than 50 patients described in the medical literature to date. Through an International collaboration and use of an online wiki to facilitate data collection and sharing, we further delineate the phenotype and natural history of this syndrome. We present 15 new patients, the oldest being 30 years, provide an update on four previously published cases, and compare all patients with other patients reported in literature. Main clinical features are moderate to severe developmental delay with absent or limited speech, unusual behavior, dysharmonic bone maturation, respiratory compromise secondary to upper airway obstruction, short stature, and kyphoscoliosis. Facial features are characteristic with high forehead, underdeveloped midface, proptosis, anteverted nares, and everted lips. Minor abnormalities of brain morphology such as hypoplasia of the corpus callosum are common. Mortality from respiratory complications is high, but airway support increasingly allows survival into adulthood. Array‐CGH was performed on 12 of the cohort and no copy number variants of clear clinical relevance were identified. The present study is the first reported use of an online wiki to aid delineation of a genetic syndrome, and illustrates its value in collecting detailed data in rare conditions. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional Materials: From Hard to Soft Porous Frameworks
Authors: Thomas Arne 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis Review aims to give an overview of recent research in the area of porous, organic–inorganic and purely organic, functional materials. Possibilities for introducing organic groups that exhibit chemical and/or physical functions into porous materials will be described, with a focus on the incorporation of such functional groups as a supporting part of the pore walls. The number of organic groups in the network can be increased such that porous, purely organic materials are obtained.
FTIR equivalent weight determination of perfluorosulfonate polymers
Authors: Perusich Stephen A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFourier transform infrared (FTIR) and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy studies of the sulfonyl fluoride, potassium salt, and sulfonic acid forms of long and short side chain perfluorosulfonate polymers revealed bands indicative of the sidegroup and backbone compositions, endgroups on the main chain, water content, monomer concentration, and degree of salt hydrolysis. The equivalent weight (EW) of the polymer was obtained by titration and NMR measurements which were then calibrated to either the CF/COC absorbance band ratio for thin (<1.1 mil) films or to a CF/SO2F absorbance band ratio for thick films (5 to 25 mils). An FTIR measurement of the film thickness based on the CF group concentration was found to be both a function of the actual thickness and the EW; a method for compensating for this EW dependence is described. Esterification and fluorination of the polymers yielded FTIR measurements of the endgroup compositions on the polymer backbone which were shown to consist of COF, COOH, CO2CH3, and CFCF2 groups. Thermogravimetric Analysis Infrared (TGA‐IR) spectroscopy of the acid form polymers indicates that degradation begins by the decomposition of the SO3H group at 320°C followed by bulk deterioration above 400°C. The FTIR techniques detailed herein have been developed for accurate, reproducible, and rapid compositional measurements of Nafion® and other perfluorosulfonate polymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and properties of novel fluorinated epoxy resins
Authors: Ge Z. Y. , Tao Z. Q. , Li G. , Ding J. P. , Fan L. , Yang S. Y. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA novel fluorinated epoxy compound, 4,4′‐bis(2,3‐epoxypropoxy‐phenyl)‐1‐(3‐trifluoromethylphenyl)‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethane (BEF), was synthesized starting from the coupling of phenol with 3′‐trifluoromethyl‐2,2,2‐trifluroacetophenone catalyzed by Lewis acid to yield an intermediate compound, which was then converted to the fluorinated epoxy by epoxidation with epichlorohydrin. BEF could be thermally cured with organic anhydride or aromatic amine as curing agents to produce thermally cured epoxy resins. Experimental results demonstrated that the thermally cured fluorinated epoxy resins showed good thermal stability with decomposition temperature at 5% weight loss of 342–364°C in nitrogen, high glass transition temperature (Tg) of 165–171°C (determined by DMA), and outstanding mechanical properties with flexural strengths of 79–119 MPa, flexural moduli of 2085–2130 MPa. The thermally cured fluorinated epoxy resins also exhibited excellent electric insulating properties with volume resistivity of 1.59–9.23 × 1016 Ω cm and surface resistivity of 4.81 × 1015–7.70 × 1016 Ω. The dielectric constants at 1 MHz were measured in the range of 3.1–3.4 and the dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ) in the range of 1.38–2.48 × 10−3. It was found that the fluorinated epoxy resins have improved electric insulating and dielectric properties as well as lower moisture adsorption compared with the corresponding commercial Bisphenol A type epoxy resins. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011