bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Ionic Liquid Based Single Step Room Temperature Route for the Synthesis of Molybdenum Cluster Compounds
Authors: Ahmed Ejaz , Ahrens Eike , Heise Martin , Ruck Michael 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA soft and convenient single step route is developed to synthesize molybdenum cluster compounds using an ionic liquid as reaction medium. Bi[Mo5Cl13]Cl and [BiCl][Mo6Cl14] were isolated from the ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl/AlCl3 ([BMIM]+: 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) and characterized. Black, cubic crystals of Bi[Mo5Cl13]Cl are obtained at room temperature by the reaction of bismuth, BiCl3, and MoCl5 in Lewis‐acidic ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl/AlCl3. Bi[Mo5Cl13]Cl crystallizes in the cubic space group Pn$\bar{3}$ with a = 1291.6(3) pm. In the [Mo5Cl13]2– cluster, the molybdenum atoms form a square pyramid with Mo–Mo bond lengths 258.9(2) pm and 259.5(2) pm. The structure is a defect variant of the Pb[Mo6Cl14] type; in statistical distribution one of the molybdenum atoms is missing in the cluster core. The bismuth(III) cations, which are in octahedral coordination by the apical chloride ions of the clusters, connect the cluster anions into a three dimensional network. Light red crystals of monoclinic [BiCl][Mo6Cl14] were obtained by the oxidation of bismuth with MoCl5 in [BMIM]Cl/AlCl3. The structure determination is in excellent agreement with literature data of crystals obtained by high temperature syntheses.
Time‐budgets and activity patterns of captive Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica)
Authors: Challender Daniel W. S. , Thai Nguyen Van , Jones Martin , May Les 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis is the first assessment of Manis javanica behavior in captivity. The aim of the investigation was to assess behavior in order to suggest ways of improving captive care and management of the species. This was undertaken by constructing time‐budgets and activity patterns and identifying any abnormal repetitive behavior (ARB) exhibited. Scan and focal animal sampling were implemented in observations of seven subjects. Analyses detailed idiosyncrasies in how subjects partitioned their active time. Peak activity occurred between 18:00 and 21:00 hr. Two ARBs, clawing and pacing, were identified and the cessation of clawing in one subject was possible by modifying its enclosure. Stress‐related behavior, understood to be related to several factors, means maintaining this species in captivity remains problematic. Recommendations are made pertaining to husbandry, captive management, and future research. Zoo Biol 31: 206–218, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Novel Technique for Identifying Opportunities to Improve Environmental Hygiene in the Operating Room
Authors: Jefferson Julie , Whelan Rita , Dick Brian , Carling Philip 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEnvironmental cleaning and disinfection is essential for optimizing safe patient care in the OR; however, perioperative staff members have not had an easy‐to‐use, objective method for determining whether high‐touch, potentially contaminated surfaces have been cleaned during terminal room cleaning. To address this issue, members of the Healthcare Environmental Hygiene Study Group used a transparent, removable, environmentally stable disclosing agent and handheld ultraviolet light to determine whether potentially contaminated surfaces had been contacted by a wet disinfection cleaning cloth during terminal cleaning of ORs. Results from the project showed that 237 of 946 targeted surfaces (25%) had the disclosing agent removed (ie, were cleaned). The use of the disclosing agent for staff education and process monitoring has led to significant improvements in the disinfection cleaning process.
AORN Ergonomic Tool 1: Lateral Transfer of a Patient from a Stretcher to an OR Bed
Authors: Waters Thomas , Baptiste Andrea , Short Manon , Plante‐Mallon Lori , Nelson Audrey 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMoving patients can result in injuries to patients and staff members. Lateral patient transfers from a stretcher to an OR bed pose a high risk for musculoskeletal disorders, including lower back, shoulder, and neck injuries for perioperative personnel. AORN Ergonomic Tool 1: Lateral Transfer of a Patient from a Stretcher to an OR Bed helps perioperative staff members determine best practices for safe lateral patient transfers. Safe moving of the patient is determined by the starting and ending position required and the patient's weight. Current ergonomic safety concepts and scientific evidence regarding weight limits help to determine how many caregivers are needed to safely move patients and whether mechanical assistance is needed during lateral transfers.
Perioperative Pharmacology: Antibiotic Administration
Authors: Wanzer Linda , Goeckner BradLee , Hicks Rodney W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAccurate and timely administration of antibiotics is a crucial element of perioperative patient care but, often, pharmacologic implications of antibiotics are overlooked or misunderstood. Preventable medication errors that involve antimicrobials occur throughout the perioperative continuum. Examples of errors associated with antimicrobial use include omitted doses, duplicate doses, incorrect doses, and antimicrobial products given to patients with preexisting allergies. Perioperative nurses can contribute to safe antibiotic administration through education and improved communication. Perioperative managers should ensure that practitioners have access to standards for antibiotic administration and accurate information and assistive technologies. Numerous resources, including measurement tools and published guidelines, are available to support adherence to surgical site infection prevention requirements and assist in ensuring effective and safe perioperative antibiotic use.
Increase in Sharps Injuries in Surgical Settings Versus Nonsurgical Settings After Passage of National Needlestick Legislation
Authors: Jagger Janine , Berguer Ramon , Phillips Elayne Kornblatt , Parker Ginger , Gomaa Ahmed E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe operating room is a high‐risk setting for occupational sharps injuries and bloodborne pathogen exposure. The requirement to provide safety‐engineered devices, mandated by the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act of 2000, has received scant attention in surgical settings.Study DesignWe analyzed percutaneous injury surveillance data from 87 hospitals in the United States from 1993 through 2006, comparing injury rates in surgical and nonsurgical settings before and after passage of the law. We identified devices and circumstances associated with injuries among surgical team members.ResultsOf 31,324 total sharps injuries, 7,186 were to surgical personnel. After the legislation, injury rates in nonsurgical settings dropped 31.6%, but increased 6.5% in surgical settings. Most injuries were caused by suture needles (43.4%), scalpel blades (17%), and syringes (12%). Three‐quarters of injuries occurred during use or passing of devices. Surgeons and residents were most often original users of the injury‐causing devices; nurses and surgical technicians were typically injured by devices originally used by others.ConclusionsDespite legislation and advances in sharps safety technology, surgical injuries continued to increase during the period that nonsurgical injuries decreased significantly. Hospitals should comply with requirements for the adoption of safer surgical technologies, and promote policies and practices shown to substantially reduce blood exposures to surgeons, their coworkers, and patients. Although decisions affecting the safety of the surgical team lie primarily in the surgeon's hands, there are also roles for administrators, educators, and policy makers.
Time resolving imaging spectroscopy applied to the analysis of plasmas generated by pulsed lasers
Authors: Alvira F C , Ponce L , Arronte M , Bilmes G M 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Start your abstract here... Time resolved imaging spectroscopy were used to study the spatial and temporal evolution of LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) plasmas generated in Cu substrates by laser pulses of different duration. Long laser pulses (microsecond) and short laser pulses (nanosecond) as well as multipulse emission were used for excitation. Analysis was made by using an imaging spectrometer with time resolved detection. Results show that the use of long laser excitation pulses produce emission spectra with the same signal to noise ratio, but with lower resolution than those produced with shorter ones. The different species generated in LIBS experiments as neutral or single ionized have a different spatial distribution inside the plasma. We demonstrated that using spatial discrimination procedures is possible to obtain spectra with the same signal to noise ratio than those obtained with a gating detector. In this case an appreciable advantage in cost reduction is obtained by replacing the gating detector by a cheap screen.
A Per-ARNT-Sim-Like Sensor Domain Uniquely Regulates the Activity of the Homeodomain Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor REVOLUTA inArabidopsis
Authors: Magnani Enrico , Barton M. Kathryn 
Published: February 2011

AbstractClass III homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-ZIP III) transcription factors regulate critical developmental programs in plants; these include leaf polarity, polarity along the shoot-root axis, and stem cell specification and proliferation. One of the defining features of HD-ZIP III proteins is the presence of a Per-ARNT-Sim-like (PAS-like) MEKHLA domain at the C terminus. PAS-like domains are known to respond to a variety of chemical and physical stimuli. Here, we provide evidence that the MEKHLA domain acts as a negative regulator of Arabidopsis thaliana HD-ZIP III REVOLUTA activity. Based on experiments in yeast and plants, we propose a model in which the MEKHLA domain inhibits dimerization through a sequence-independent steric masking mechanism. This inhibition is relieved in response to a cellular signal that requires the C terminus of the MEKHLA domain for its perception. Overexpression experiments suggest that this signal is unequally distributed and/or sensed in the plant. Our data show that the function of the REVOLUTA MEKHLA domain differs among other HD-ZIP III family members; this difference may explain the genetic differences that have been observed among family members. This finding, combined with our phylogenetic analysis, suggests that REVOLUTA is the latest type of HD-ZIP III protein to have evolved in land plants.
Enabled backchannel: conference Twitter use by digital humanists
Authors: Ross C. , Terras M. , Warwick C. , Welsh A. 
Published: February 2011

PurposeTo date, few studies have been undertaken to make explicit how microblogging technologies are used by and can benefit scholars. This paper aims to investigate the use of Twitter by an academic community in various conference settings, and to pose the following questions: Does the use of a Twitter‐enabled backchannel enhance the conference experience, collaboration and the co‐construction of knowledge? and How is microblogging used within academic conferences, and can one articulate the benefits it may bring to a discipline?Design/methodology/approachThis paper considers the use of Twitter as a digital backchannel by the Digital Humanities (DH) community, taking as its focus postings to Twitter during three different international 2009 conferences. The resulting archive of 4,574 “Tweets” was analysed using various quantitative and qualitative methods, including a qualitative categorisation of Twitter posts by open coded analysis, a quantitative examination of user conventions, and text analysis tools. Prominent Tweeters were identified and a small qualitative survey was undertaken to ascertain individuals' attitudes towards a Twitter‐enabled backchannel.FindingsConference hashtagged Twitter activity does not constitute a single distributed conversation, but rather multiple monologues with a few intermittent, discontinuous, loosely joined dialogues between users. The digital backchannel constitutes a multidirectional complex space in which the users make notes, share resources, hold discussions and ask questions as well as establishing a clear individual online presence. The use of Twitter as a conference platform enables the community to expand communication and participation in events amongst its members. The analysis revealed the close‐knit nature of the DH researcher community, which may be somewhat intimidating for those new to the field or conference.Practical implicationsThis study has indicated that, given that Twitter is becoming increasingly important for academic communities, new, dedicated methodologies for the analysis and understanding of Tweet‐based corpora are necessary. Routinely used textual analysis tools cannot be applied to corpora of Tweets in a straightforward manner, due to the creative and fragmentary nature of language used within microblogging. In this paper, a method has been suggested to categorise Tweets using open coded analysis to facilitate understanding of Tweet‐based corpora, which could be adopted elsewhere.Originality/valueThis paper is the first known exhaustive study that concentrates on how microblogging technologies such as Twitter are used by and can benefit scholars. This data set both provides a valuable insight into the prevalence of a variety of Twitter practices within the constraints of a conference setting, and highlights the need for methodologies to be developed to analyse social media streams such as Twitter feeds. It also provides a bibliography of other research into microblogging.
Information overload and information poverty: challenges for healthcare services managers?
Authors: MacDonald Jackie , Bath Peter , Booth Andrew 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to gain insight into managers' decision‐making practices when challenged by inappropriate information quality, and to test frameworks developed from research to see whether they apply to these managers.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory, multiple case study used the critical incident technique in 19 semi‐structured interviews. Responses were analyzed using framework analysis, a matrix‐based content analysis technique, and then considered with respect to the research literature on information overload, information poverty and satisficing.FindingsThe managers in this study tended to satisfice (terminate the search process and make a good enough decision, while recognizing that information gaps remain). Those challenged by too little information appear to fit descriptions of information poverty, while others described aspects of information overload.Research limitations/implicationsA shortage of information behavior research on managers makes it difficult to conclude whether these results are typical of managers in general or of healthcare services managers specifically. Further research is needed to confirm initial findings and address questions suggested by this paper.Practical implicationsThis paper suggests that existing definitions for the concepts of information poverty and information overload can be used to describe managers' experiences.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to what is known about information behavior in managers in general and healthcare services managers specifically. It may serve as an example of how to consider new research findings within existing frameworks.
Factors affecting relevance judgment: a report from TREC Legal track
Authors: Chu Heting 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThis study intends to identify factors that affect relevance judgment of retrieved information as part of the 2007 TREC Legal track interactive task.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered and analyzed from the participants of the 2007 TREC Legal track interactive task using a questionnaire which includes not only a list of 80 relevance factors identified in prior research, but also a space for expressing their thoughts on relevance judgment in the process.FindingsThis study finds that topicality remains a primary criterion, out of various options, for determining relevance, while specificity of the search request, task, or retrieved results also helps greatly in relevance judgment.Research limitations/implicationsRelevance research should focus on the topicality and specificity of what is being evaluated as well as conducted in real environments.Practical implicationsIf multiple relevance factors are presented to assessors, the total number in a list should be below ten to take account of the limited processing capacity of human beings' short‐term memory. Otherwise, the assessors might either completely ignore or inadequately consider some of the relevance factors when making judgment decisions.Originality/valueThis study presents a method for reducing the artificiality of relevance research design, an apparent limitation in many related studies. Specifically, relevance judgment was made in this research as part of the 2007 TREC Legal track interactive task rather than a study devised for the sake of it. The assessors also served as searchers so that their searching experience would facilitate their subsequent relevance judgments.
Ontological supports of knowledge: knowledge creation and analytical knowledge
Authors: Akehurst Gary , Rueda‐Armengot Carlos , Vivas López Salvador , Palacios Marqués Daniel 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine, from the perspective of different theoretical approaches, the relationship that exists between different ontological supports of knowledge and knowledge itself (the way it is created and its characteristics).Design/methodology/approachThe paper proposes two different types of knowledge (knowledge of concrete situations and abstract knowledge) and two approaches (the constructivist view and the cognitive view) and provides a general classification of the different knowledge types. Second, it examines the underlying ontological support‐knowledge creation, characteristics or types of knowledge relationship in different approaches. Finally, conclusions are drawn that show how the conception of ontological support conditions the way in which knowledge is conceived.FindingsThe results of the paper consist of making explicit the ontological support‐knowledge creation, characteristics or types of knowledge relationship in different approaches; and enabling understanding of the fact that the ideas one has about knowledge (how it is created or what its characteristics are) come from one's beliefs about the supports in, or in interaction with, which it is created.Research limitations/implicationsThe implications for the different approaches to knowledge theory are important. The study proposes a change with regard to how one considers the ontological supports of knowledge. The limitation of the paper lies in the fact that this proposal needs to be presented in a more extensive format, through a series of different papers and analyses.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper stems from the fact that it focuses on the ontological supports of knowledge and highlights the idea that the conception of these supports leads to a particular way of conceiving knowledge.
Keynesian, post‐Keynesian versus Schumpeterian, neo‐Schumpeterian
Authors: Dabic Marina , Cvijanović Vladimir , González‐Loureiro Miguel 
Published: February 2011

PurposeIn order to explain change and growth at the aggregate levels, three levels: macro, meso and micro must be taken into account. Applying the theories from Keynesian and post‐Keynesian economics (PKE) best explains the macro level and applying those from Schumpeterian and neo‐Schumpeterian economics (NSE) best explains the micro level. Besides this, the meso level can be further explained by merging both post‐Keynesian and neo‐Schumpeterian theories. Such a unifying approach has been missing from the literature so far. Bringing these schools of thought together is important for mutual learning and further development of innovation theory. This paper aims to effect this.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a survey of the relevant secondary literature of the aforementioned schools of thought, identifying their methodological practice and key contributions to innovation theory.FindingsA combination of these schools of thought offers a richer approach to studying innovation. It is found to exist in particular in the evolutionary, institutional and long‐run perspectives, in combination with emphasis on the role of finance in production.Research limitations/implicationsOne is invited to develop one's own theoretical and empirical approach that combines the advantages of all the schools of thought presented.Originality/valueThe paper is exploratory, as it reconsiders how a comprehensive approach to studying innovations can be built. It examines the existing literature. It will be of value to researchers in innovation.
Stakeholder theory: issues to resolve
Authors: Wagner Mainardes Emerson , Alves Helena , Raposo Mario 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to collate and debate the main issues driving the stakeholder theory academic debate.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a discussion of the stakeholder concept is set out before moving on to the history and nature of stakeholder theory. The work proceeds with an attempt to bring together systematically the points of divergence among researchers interested in stakeholder theory, and, finally, there is a brief discussion of these theoretical loopholes in conjunction with a proposed research agenda for the field.FindingsBased on the unification of the theoretically problematic issues, research agenda are put forward with the objective of clarifying doubts and resolving the controversies ongoing among academics. As regards the formulation of stakeholder theory, one question requiring resolution is that of the stakeholder concept itself. Additionally, further research should focus on the boundaries as to what constitutes a stakeholder group as well as defining the criteria for attributing individual membership of one or another group. In practical theoretical application, it is correspondingly necessary to target research on aspects such as conflicts of interest between stakeholders and management difficulties in coping with multiple objectives. Finally, there is a need for research that systematizes the knowledge produced with the objective of attaining the theoretical convergence necessary for the development of stakeholder theory.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this paper derives from the systematization of the various shortcomings that need overcoming within the framework of stakeholder theory and the identification of research agendas.
Entrepreneurship, process innovation and value creation by a non‐profit SME
Authors: Huarng Kun‐Huang , Hui‐Kuang Yu Tiffany 
Published: February 2011

PurposeBy using three key factors – namely, funding, stakeholders, and legitimacy – this study seeks to analyse the successful entrepreneurial experiences of a non‐profit small to medium‐sized enterprise: the Taiwan EBook Supply Cooperative Limited (TEBSCo).Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of a case study.FindingsFrom a legitimacy perspective, TEBSCo is the only registered organisation facilitating e‐book consortia in Taiwan. From a stakeholder perspective, TEBSCo is managed by a board of directors, who are elected from the member representatives. In addition to creating value for its members, TEBSCo also creates value for non‐members and vendors. Its major funding is from annual membership fees. TEBSCo's innovation process, as a collective entrepreneurial activity in a non‐profit SME, creates intangible as well as tangible value. The successful experiences of TEBSCo can be used as examples for new entrants.Originality/valueTEBSCo is the only registered organisation facilitating e‐book consortia in Taiwan. The successful experiences of TEBSCo can be used as examples for new entrants, and shows a new form of entrepreneurial activity.