bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P02-42 - Differences in Psychotropic Drug Prescriptions Among Ethnic Groups in the Netherlands
Authors: Wittkampf L.C. , Smeets H.M. , Knol M.J. , Geerlings M.I. , Braam A.W. , De Wit N.J. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionDifferences in prevalence rates between different ethnic groups in the Netherlands and Belgium have been demonstrated. But there is no data on treatment differences among ethnic groups in the Netherlands.ObjectivesTo obtain more knowledge on differences in mental health care among ethnic groups in the Netherlands.AimsTo determine whether these minority groups will be more or less likely to be receiving psychotropic drugs.MethodsA descriptive population study was performed using the Agis Health Database, containing data of approximately 1.5 million inhabitants of The Netherlands. Rates of prescriptions of psychotropic drugs from 2001 to 2006 and adjusted odds ratios for psychotropic drug prescriptions among native Dutch, Turkish, and Moroccan ethnic groups were calculated. These data were analyzed using logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender and socioeconomic status.ResultsAmong both the Moroccan and Turkish populations there was a higher risk of antidepressant drug prescriptions, antipsychotic drug prescriptions and a pronounced lower risk of ADHD medication en lithium prescriptions compared with the native population. Among the Turkish population the risk of anxiolytic drug prescriptions compared with the native population was increased.ConclusionsCompared with the native population in the Netherlands, first and second generation Turkish and Moroccan immigrants had an increased risk of antidepressant and antipsychotic drug prescriptions and a decreased risk of ADHD medication and lithium prescriptions. Further research is needed to clarify if patients of different ethnic backgrounds with the same symptoms receive equal diagnosis and treatment.
P01-406 - Physical Coercion, Perceived Pressures and Procedural Justice in the Involuntary Admission and Future Engagement with Mental Health Services
Authors: O’Donoghue B. , Lyne J. , Hill M. , Larkin C. , Feeney L. , O’Callaghan E. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe use of physical coercion and involuntary admission is one of the most controversial practices in medicine, it is now understood that perceived coercion is multidimensional and is associated with procedural justice and perceived pressures, and not simply related to the legal status of the patient.ObjectivesWe sought to determine the rate of physical coercion used and the perceived pressures and procedural justice experienced by the person at the time of involuntary admission and whether this influenced future engagement with the mental health services.MethodsOver a 15 month period, people admitted involuntarily were interviewed prior to discharge and at one year follow-up.Results81 people participated in the study and 81% were interviewed at one year follow-up. At the time of involuntary admission, over half of people experienced at least one form of physical coercion and it was found that the level of procedural justice experienced was unrelated to the use of physical coercive measures. A total of 20% of participants intended not to voluntarily engage with the mental health services upon discharge and they were more likely to have experienced lower levels of procedural justice at the time of admission. At one year following discharge, 65% of participants were adherent with outpatient appointments and 18% had been readmitted involuntarily. The level of procedural justice experienced at admission did not predict future engagement with services.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the use of physical coercive measures is a separate entity from procedural justice and perceived pressures.
P02-44 - The Patient's Privacy in the Care of Elderly People and its Correlation with Satisfaction in Emergency Department
Authors: Aghajani M. , Naierre N. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the rate of observe patients Privacy by treatment team and its correlation with patient's satisfaction in an Emergency Department.Methods & materialThis was a cross-sectional correlation study that 260 hospitalized elderly patients in census method were recruited in Emergency Department of selected hospital of Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using a questionnaire included various dimensions in patients privacy and satisfaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistical methods by SPSS software.ResultsHalf of patients perceived that their privacy observed at poor to medium level. About 49.4% of patients reported that their privacy was observed at near to excellent to excellent level. Also about 1/3 of patients perceived that physical privacy and psychosocial privacy observed in medium level and their good information privacy. Satisfaction of 76.4% patients was low and medium. However satisfaction 50% of patients in physical privacy and 58.6% in information privacy was low. There is a strong correlation between level of privacy observed and satisfaction in various dimensions. There was significant correlation between some of the demographic variable and observes of privacy and satisfaction.ConclusionIn regard to observe of privacy and satisfaction of the most of patients is not in good level thus it is need to specific attention of clinicians and educators to this point. Also interventions is need for better observe of privacy and patients satisfaction.
P02-47 - Juvenile Sex Offenders in Switzerland: Demographic Factors, Psychopathology, Offence Characteristics and Recidivism
Authors: Aebi M. , Bessler C. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to describe the population of juvenile sex offenders in the Canton of Zurich by a retrospective analysis of a consecutive sample of the police and judicial records between 2000 and 2008. Offence characteristics have been studied and compared to demographic and psychopathological factors of the adolescent offenders. Reoffence risk was assessed by the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol (J-SOAP-II) and compared to sexual and general recidivism.MethodsA youth-adapted version of the Forensic-Psychiatric Documentation System (FDPS) has been used for data collection. Recidivism has been assessed by the official crime database of the Canton of Zurich until October 2009.ResultsPreliminary results show that the population of juvenile sex offenders is of heterogeneous nature. Intensity of sexual behavior and violence varies significantly in the sample (N = 351). Mostly the juvenile offenders have been arrested after committing one criminal act (56.4%). With exception of pornographic offences (35.9%), sexual coercion (32.8%) and sexual assaults against children (27.4%) were the most frequent crimes. Psychiatric assessments of the most serious juvenile offenders found frequent behavioral (43.6%) and emotional disorders (18.1%) but only one case of paraphilia. Results of risk assessment and recidivism are in preparation and will be added to the final presentation.ConclusionsJuvenile sex offenders are a complex population and can not been compared to adult offenders according to offence characteristics and crime motivation. Developmental factors have to be included when assessing and treating juvenile sex offenders.
P02-51 - Security and Psychiatry: the British Experience and Implications for Forensic Psychiatry Services in Israel
Authors: Bergman - Levy T. , Bleich A. , Kotler M. , Melamed Y. 
Published: June 2010

In recent years the courts have become more involved in the psychiatric services in Israel. Data reveal a gradual increase in the rate of court ordered hospitalizations according to Section 15 of the Law for the Treatment of the Mentally Ill. This paper examines the implications of this trend while focusing on the issues of security and safety in psychiatric hospitals. The work presents highlights from extensive British experience with this issue, while focusing on the implications on forensic psychiatry in Israel. The development of the hierarchy of security in the British psychiatric services beginning with the early 1970's, with the establishment of the Butler Committee that determined a hierarchy of three levels of security for the treatment of patients and culminating with the establishment of principles for the operation of medium security units in Britain (Read Committee, 1991) is reviewed. Forensic psychiatric services in Britain are based on these developments.We examine the current status of mental health facilities in Israel, and the relevance of the British experience to the Israeli situation. In our opinion, a safe appropriate environment is a necessary condition for an appropriate treatment setting. As is in several European countries we are suggesting the establishment of medium security forensic psychiatry departments within a mental health facility that will enable concentration and classification of court ordered admissions as well as systemic flexibility and capacity for better treatment, commensurate with patient needs.
P02-63 - The Implicit Association Test IAT for Child Abusers and Internet Sex Offenders
Authors: Händel N. , Habermeyer B. , Mager R. , Dittmann V. , Graf M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesDeviant sexual preference is known as a risk factor for child abuse. Most often the examination of sexual preferences relies on interviews, self-ratings like the Multiphasic Sex Inventory or rather invasive methods like phallometry respectively the so called Abel-Screen, derived from the latest. The computer based Implicit Association Test (IAT) has proven its validity in several fields like sexism or racism by measuring the subjects attitude to certain association. Gray et al. from Cardiff published in 2005 significant associations between children and sex in pedophiles.MethodsAs part of a larger study about visual erotic stimulation of child abusers and internet sex offenders, we conducted the IAT in two different versions with visual stimuli on both child abusers and internet sex offenders as well as on male and female comparison samples. Psychological and Personality profiles were assessed by HAWIE, WCST - 64, SKID, MMPI, MSI, IPO and SCL-90 R.ResultsPreliminary data suggests discriminant validity of the IAT concerning sexual preference. In addition, tests for frontal inhibition show poor performance of child abusers in contrast to controls and internet sex offenders.ConclusionsOur preliminary data about the IAT suggests that both child abusers and internet sex offenders display other associations on visual erotic stimulations than the comparison sample. Further research about deviant sexual preferences should take the impact of cognitive processes into consideration.
P02-68 - Neural Correlates of the Processes of Deception: an fMRI Study
Authors: Lee T.M.Y. , Lee T.M.C. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionDetection of deception is important for the practice of psychiatry, especially for forensic psychiatry. Previous neuroimaging studies have identified that activity of the prefrontal and parietal cortices was associated with deceptive behaviors. However, the temporal sequence of neural activation in these regions remained unknown.ObjectivesIn this fMRI study, we used a face recognition deception paradigm involving three mental processes in the following temporal order of a deceptive response:(1)Perception(2)Formulation(3)Response, to examine the activation of the brain regions during the process of deception.MethodsFourteen healthy males were scanned by a 3T Philips scanner while performing the deception task. A 2-way ANOVA model was employed to understand the activation pattern of neural correlates of deception during the three processes studied.ResultsActivations of the prefrontal, the fusiform, the supramarginal, the postcentral, the angular, the precuneus, and the rolandic areas were found to peak at different processes. Specifically, the fusiform, the prefrontal, and the precuneus regions were activated first, with their activation peaked at the perceptual process. On the other hand, the activity of the supramarginal, the angular, and the postcentral regions peaked at the formulation process. Activity of the rolandic region was peaked at the response process.ConclusionsThis study showed that there are different temporal gradients of neural activations with respect to the cognitive processes that evolve in deception. By understanding the specific role played by each of the neural correlates during deception, the accuracy and reliability of lie detection could be enhanced.
P02-74 - A critical Review of Patients Under Section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act
Authors: Najim H. , Shaik R. 
Published: June 2010

Patients who suffer from mental illness, and are a risk to themselves, to other people or at risk of self neglect. Such patients can be detained under section 5(2), if they are already admitted to hospital and express their wish to leave against medical advice.44 patients were identified. 40% were men, 65% above the age of 50 years, 52% were sectioned after hours or at the weekends. Measures to persuade patients to stay as an informal patient were taken in 16%. 55% were sectioned by the on call doctor.68.5 % exhibited threatening behaviour.30% had self neglect, 13% were a risk to others, 26% had a deliberate self harm risk.60% had moderate to severe suicidal risk and ideation.68% didn’t have mental health capacity to give consent for admission.60% had been assessed in the first 24 hours of their section.60% were converted to section 2,3 of the Mental Health Act.25% stayed as informal patients and 7% were discharged.Female patients were more, which was against expectation. Older people were more which was again against expectation. Majority of patients were a risk to themselves and only 13% were a risk to other people. Nearly two third were assessed within 24hrs from the section which was something we commend our services on. 60% needed to be transferred to different sections which indicates that 40% of the sample could have been managed more efficiently, in a way which had not warranted the use of section 5(2).
P02-77 - Psychosocial and Personality Conditions of Juvenile Criminal Thinking Style
Authors: Rode M. , Rode D. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundThe issues of my research study concern psychosocial and personality conditioning of criminal thinking styles of juveniles.The objective of my research study is to distinguish and characterize profiles of criminal thinking styles of juvenile boys and girls who committed a criminal offence and to define psychosocial (restricting to the family environment - a guardian system) and personality factors conditioning a criminal thinking style of juveniles.MethodFor the purpose of the research following methods have been used: PICTS by G. Walters - has been adapted into polish circumstances, Values Scale (Rokeach), Davis Empathy Scale, The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) by Fitts, Skala Postaw by Plpoa, KBPK by Kurzyp-Wojnarska.Research tasksIn the analysed problem the following research tasks are involved:·Singling out of juvenile criminal thinking styles·determining the criminal predicators in criminal thinking styles·establishing predicators of criminal thinking styles, defining factors determining criminal thinking style of juveniles (a group of explanatory variables include: thinking styles of parents (guardians), parents’ attitude towards a child, a value system of parents, personality variables of a juvenile, i.e. self-esteem, empathy level (level of emphatic understanding), a sense of control and a social competence level).showing (presenting) constitutive differences and similarities In terms of criminal thinking styles between the group of minors and their parents (guardian)·establishing the differences and similarities in terms of cognitive functioning (thinking styles) of the juveniles due to the criminal act.
P02-78 - Risk Factors for Recidivism in Schizophrenic Violent Offenders
Authors: Rossegger A. , Endrass J. 
Published: June 2010

There is a wide body of literature revealing, that there is a higher risk of violent offending in schizophrenics compared to the general population, as well as a specific offense pattern for schizophrenic violent offenders. Using the data of a representative cohort (n = 308) of violent offender in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, the prevalence of schizophrenia was 13%. Logistic regression analyses showed that schizophrenic violent offenders were less likely to have been raised in a foster home and to have a criminal record for repeat offending. Schizophrenic offenders were more likely to have a family history of schizophrenia, being a Swiss national, and having been treated in a psychiatric hospital prior to violent offending. Schizophrenic offenders were in addition more likely to commit the offense in their own apartment and to choose a related victim (parents or siblings).These results replicate the finding that schizophrenics are overrepresented in offender populations and that the high number of schizophrenic offenders in contact with the health system prior to offending (psychiatric hospitalization) highlights the possibilities of prevention. It should be discussed to which extent health professionals underestimate the dangerousness of schizophrenics.
P02-81 - EEG in Forensic Population - Prevention of Criminal Recidiv
Authors: Talevska V. , Nikodijevic D. , Hristova A. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionEvaluation the patients with various psychiatric diagnoses with criminal behavior with EEG registration. Aims of investigation are as follows:1.To define the importance for the difference between the EEG changes at the patients with criminal behavior and the patients from the control group;2.To examine the relationship between the EEG findings of the patients with criminal behavior and the diagnostic entities according to ICD - 10.Material and methodsIn this paper we shall present a simple prospective analysis of 158 EEG investigations made on patients examined at the Psychiatric Hospital in Demir Hisar for a period of 24 months, which are with aggressive and criminal behavior.Results and discussionIn men normal EEG found (69.44%) prevails in relation with abnormal EEG found (30.56%). There was the significant difference between normal and abnormal EEG found and the diagnoses in hospital patients.There was the significant difference between EEG found in hospital patients and its criminal factor. The difference between the means age (37.73 god.) of patients in control group with abnormal EEG found and the mean age of patients with normal EEG found is significant. In patients (32.28%) in examiner group was registered abnormal EEG found more significant than in patients in control group(9.49%).ConclusionThere was significant difference between EEG found in patients in control and examiner group. Suggested measures: More easily diagnosis providing of psychiatric disorders with aggressive and criminal behavior, with help of EEG method, and hereby would be facilitated the psychiatric expertise.
P02-82 - Influence of Forensic Psychiatric Reports to Criminal Procedure
Authors: Thomkapanich W. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesTo study influence of forensic psychiatric diagnosis in case of criminal responsibility, treatment necessary and violence to court orders.MethodsSamples were 301 inpatients of Galya Rajanagaridra Institute who were criminal offenders during year 2000-2007. Data were collected from medical records and reports of the judgments and prosecution. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistic.ResultsThe study found that most of samples were single, males who aged between 21-40 years old. They were unemployed and graduated primary school. Most of them were sent by courts. Murderers were found the most. Regarding to psychiatric diagnosis, most of them were psychosis and their motivation to crime were delusion and hallucination. Moreover, psychiatrists diagnosed that 125 samples (41.5 %) were not criminally responsible, 143 samples (47.5 %) needed treatment and 42 samples (14.0 %) were stated as violence. In those cases, 5 and 22 cases (1.7 and 7.3 %) were dropped the charge by police and district attorneys, respectively. Regarding to criminal responsibility according to the section 65 of Criminal Code, courts agreed with psychiatrist's diagnosis for 49.3 %. In case of treatment order according to the section 48 and 56 of Criminal Code, courts disagreed with psychiatrist's diagnosis for 64.1 % totally.ConclusionsThe study showed that forensic psychiatric diagnosis, in cases of criminal responsibility, treatment necessary and violence, moderately influenced to court orders. Thus, this leads to question to develop forensic psychiatric work in the future.
P02-104 - Problems and Opposition to Constitution of Mental Health Centers in Montenegro
Authors: Macic A. , Mitric B. , Stjepcevic A. 
Published: June 2010

In recent years, with the support of the Stability pact for south-east Europe, and following the example of the EU countries, there has been developed a new concept of mental health care. It should be carried out by newly opened centers for mental health. Goal of the work is to set forth numerous problems which considerably slow down development of these modern aproach to mental health care,as well as solutions to them.Problems in the realisation of the project, have been stated and classified in the discussion together with explanation of their causes and consequences:-unadjusted or non-existent accompanied legal acts;-negligence of bureaucracy, resistance in other social services;-prejudices and opposition of “official” psychiatry and of profesionals in mental health institutions;-insufficient education and shortage of trained staff-lack of understanding and resistance in a wider community;-financial problems.Furtheron, methods have been stated for finding “less painful” solutions to these problems. This experience is probably similar to those in all countries in transition and should help that the same mistakes would not be made in further development of communal psychiatry. This work contains recommedations how to prevent and avoid these obstacles and may be useful in those places where developmemnt of such aproach to mental health care just being planned.