bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of OscR, a Transcriptional Regulator Involved in Osmolarity Adaptation in
Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Shikuma Nicholas J. , Yildiz Fitnat H. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

Vibrio cholerae
is a facultative human pathogen. In its aquatic habitat and as it passes through the digestive tract,
V. cholerae
must cope with fluctuations in salinity. We analyzed the genome-wide transcriptional profile of
V. cholerae
grown at different NaCl concentrations and determined that the expression of compatible solute biosynthesis and transporter genes, virulence genes, and genes involved in adhesion and biofilm formation is differentially regulated. We determined that salinity modulates biofilm formation, and this response was mediated through the transcriptional regulators VpsR and VpsT. Additionally, a transcriptional regulator controlling an osmolarity adaptation response was identified. This regulator, OscR (
os
molarity
c
ontrolled
r
egulator), was found to modulate the transcription of genes involved in biofilm matrix production and motility in a salinity-dependent manner.
oscR
mutants were less motile and exhibited enhanced biofilm formation only under low-salt conditions.
The Purpose of Leviticus 24 within its Literary Context
Authors: Trevaskis Leigh 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper argues that the purpose of Lev 24, situated as it is between the calendrical concerns of Lev 23 and 25, is discernible when the symbolism of its prescriptions (vv. 1-9) for lighting the tabernacle "lamp" (měnôrāh) and the provision of 12 loaves is considered. First, the "light" (mā'ôr) of the měnôrāh represents the "lights" (mě'ōrōt) of Gen 1:14-16 which govern the "occasions" (miqrā'ê) prescribed in these framing chapters. Second, the 12 loaves positioned under this "light" represent the ideal of a holy Israel, paused in worship of YHWH on these "occasions". It is in the ensuing narrative (vv. 10-23) that the ideal symbolised in vv. 1-9 is extended to the life of Israel. The blasphemy of the "sojourner" (gēr) provides a foil for the legislator to present the "rules of talion" which reveal the extent to which this ideal of holiness should be reflected among the Israelites: it is required even of the "sojourner".
Development of Accelerated Aging Test Methodology and Specimen for Bonded CFRP Systems
Authors: Deng J. , Tanner J. E. , Dolan C. W. , Mukai D. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Determining long-term behavior of bonded CFRP systems requires developing an accelerated aging test method for CFRP applications. This paper examines the development of test methodology and specimen for both flexure and direct tension behavior of bonded CFRP materials using a specimen submerged in a water bath subject to elevated temperature. Test results of three commercial CFRP systems are presented. A discussion of accelerated aging is included in the developmental effort.
Weight Status in the First 6 Months of Life and Obesity at 3 Years of Age
Authors: Taveras Elsie M. , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Belfort Mandy B. , Kleinman Ken P. , Oken Emily , Gillman Matthew W. 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to examine the associations of weight-for-length at birth and at 6 months with obesity at 3 years of age.METHODS. We studied 559 children in Project Viva, an ongoing, prospective, cohort study of pregnant women and their children. We measured length and weight at birth, 6 months, and 3 years. Our main exposures were weight-for-length z score at birth adjusted for gestational age and weight-for-length z score at 6 months adjusted for weight-for-length z score at birth. We used multivariate regression analyses to predict the independent effects of birth weight-for-length z score and, separately, 6-month weight-for-length z score on BMI z score, the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses, and obesity (BMI for age and gender of ≥95th percentile) at age 3.RESULTS. Mean weights at birth, 6 months, and 3 years were 3.55, 8.15, and 15.67 kg, respectively. Corresponding lengths were 49.9, 66.9, and 97.4 cm. At 3 years, 48 children (9%) were obese. After adjustment for confounding variables and birth weight-for-length z score, each increment in 6-month weight-for-length z score was associated with higher BMI z scores, higher sums of subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses, and increased odds of obesity at age 3. The predicted obesity prevalence among children in the highest quartiles of both birth and 6-month weight-for-length z scores was 40%, compared with 1% for children in the lowest quartiles of both. Whereas birth weight-for-length z scores were associated with higher BMI z scores, the magnitude of effect was smaller than that of weight-for-length z scores at 6 months.CONCLUSIONS. More-rapid increases in weight for length in the first 6 months of life were associated with sharply increased risk of obesity at 3 years of age. Changes in weight status in infancy may influence risk of later obesity more than weight status at birth.
Chromium(VI) Reducing Native Microorganisms for Remediation of Chromium Eco-toxicity in Environment of Bangladesh
Authors: Rafiqullah Iftekhar M , Hossain AMM Maruf , Ilias Mohammad , Hoq M Mozammel 
Published: March 2009

Feeds and fertilizer production from tanned skin-cut wastes is the most direct phenomenon of chromium eco-toxicity leading to food chain contamination in Bangladesh. Tanning industries of Hazaribagh at Dhaka process some 220 t of hide per day with release of 600-1000 Kg tanned skin-cut waste (SCW) per ton processed hide. The SCW is protein-rich and unscientifically used to produce poultry and fish feeds, and organic fertilizer. A huge migration of chromium can happen into poultry products, fish and vegetables, and further bio-magnify into food chain. The target population is also huge. It is reported that feed ingredients produced from SCW contained chromium at levels as high as 2.49%. As Cr(VI) is the most toxic species of chromium, reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) prior to be used as feed ingredients and fertilizers can ensure safer input of chromium in toxicological point of view. Samples have been collected to isolate microorganisms from effluent sites of Hazaribagh tanning area using Lauria-Bertani medium with added Cr(VI) as K2Cr2O7. The successful as well as apparently differing colonies (isolates IF-10 to IF-12, IF-16, and IF-19 to IF-23) have been studied for growth characterization under differing Cr(VI) concentrations up to 1500 mg/L. Cultural and biochemical tests of the isolates have narrowed the range into 3 strains. These strains have been identified by 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis. The isolates are found to be Escherichia sp. (Isolate IF-10 to IF-12, Strain IFR-I), Staphylococcus aureus (Isolate IF-16, Strain IFR-II), and Pediococcus pentosaceus (Isolate IF-19 to IF-23, Strain IFRIII). The organisms have been studied for Cr (VI) reduction-ability in growth dependent manner which are found successful up to 82.88 % for Staphylococcus aureus, and 100 % for Escherichia sp. and Pediococcus pentosaceus within 24 h. Key words: Bacteriology, Enzymatic reduction, Bioremediation, Chromium eco-toxicity Â doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2236 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4), 455-466, 2008
On the Study of Jacobi Fields in Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Ahmed Khondokar M 
Published: March 2009

A new approach of finding a Jacobi field equation with the relation between curvature and geodesics of a Riemanian manifold M has been derived. Using this derivation we have made an attempt to find a standard form of this equation involving sectional curvature K and other related objects. Key words: Riemanign curvature, Sectional curvature, Jacobi equation, Jacobifield. Â Â doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2242 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4), 521-528, 2008
Breast Milk Enema and Meconium Evacuation Among Preterm Infants
Authors: Zheng Liqiang , Gai Li , Wu Yani , Kong Chaonan , Sun Fangli , Gao Jinyue , Yuan Wei , Liu Min , Jiang Hong , Tuo Nan , Yang Fan 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceDelayed meconium evacuation and delayed achievement of full enteral feeding among premature infants are associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes. Identifying a more effective and safer enema for meconium evacuation is imperative for improving neonatal care.ObjectiveTo examine whether breast milk enemas can shorten the time to complete meconium evacuation and achievement of full enteral feeding for preterm infants.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized, open-label, parallel-group, single-center clinical trial was conducted from September 1, 2019, to September 30, 2022, among 286 preterm infants with a gestational age of 23 to 30 weeks in the neonatal ward of the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University in Shenyang.InterventionsPreterm infants were randomly assigned to receive either breast milk enemas or normal saline enemas 48 hours after birth.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were time to complete meconium evacuation and time to achieve full enteral feeding. Secondary outcomes were duration of hospitalization, weight at discharge, and duration of total parenteral nutrition. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were conducted.ResultsIn total, 286 preterm infants (mean [SD] gestational age, 198.8 [7.9] days; 166 boys [58.0%]) were eligible and included in this study. A total of 145 infants were randomized to the normal saline group, and 141 were randomized to the breast milk group. The time to achieve complete meconium evacuation was significantly shorter in the breast milk group than in the normal saline group (–2.2 days; 95% CI, −3.2 to −1.2 days). The time to achieve full enteral feeding was also significantly shorter in the breast milk group than in the normal saline group (−4.6 days; 95% CI, −8.0 to −1.2 days). The duration of total parenteral nutrition was significantly shorter in the breast milk group than in the normal saline group (−4.6 days; 95% CI, −8.6 to −1.0 days). There were no clinically notable differences in any other secondary or safety outcomes between the 2 groups.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial testing the effects of breast milk enema on meconium evacuation, breast milk reduced the time to achieve complete meconium evacuation and achieve full enteral feeding for preterm infants with a gestational age of 23 to 30 weeks. Subgroup analyses highlight the need for tailored interventions based on gestational age considerations.Trial Registrationisrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN17847514
Minocycline‐Loaded Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for the Enhanced Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Xu Xiang , Han Zhihui , Li Dong , Xu Xingshun , Liu Yaobo , Cao Cong , Tao Jin , Cheng Jian , Zhang John H , Cheng Liang , Chen Gang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInflammatory responses and neuronal ferroptosis, which are associated with abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), exert crucial damaging effects on the brain after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this study, minocycline (MC)‐loaded cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2‐MC) are constructed for combined ICH treatment. Ultra‐small CeO2 (≈5 nm) synthesized via a high‐temperature approach exhibits powerful free‐radical scavenging and iron‐chelating abilities. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CeO2‐MC effectively attenuated the ROS levels in mouse microglial cells and neurons following oxyhemoglobin stimulation. In addition, CeO2‐MC exhibits iron chelation properties and stabilizes the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby promoting anti‐inflammatory responses and preventing neuronal ferroptosis. In an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mouse model, CeO2‐MC exhibited robust free radical scavenging capabilities and demonstrated the ability to preserve mitochondrial morphology and function, mitigate brain edema, and maintain blood–brain barrier integrity by inhibiting neuroinflammation and ferroptosis. Neurobehavioral tests demonstrated that CeO2‐MC significantly ameliorated spatial learning ability and sensorimotor function after ICH. Consequently, a general strategy using CeO2 nanoparticles to augment the therapeutic efficacy of MC highlights a new perspective for the in‐depth treatment of ICH.
Rational Design of Multiple Heterostructures with Synergistic Effect for Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Evolution Toward Industrial Alkaline Water Splitting
Authors: Xiong Hao , Du Chengfeng , Ma Zelin , Zhi Richeng , Hao Shuangshuang , Zhao Xiangyuan , Liu Zhe , Xu Fei , Wang Hongqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via alkaline water splitting holds great promise for industrial clean hydrogen production but is frustrated by limited catalytic activity and inferior stability under high current density. Elaborate manipulating of heterostructure on robust catalytic electrodes is essential but challenging for accelerating HER kinetics with high durability. Herein, a robust nickel mesh electrode, offering high mechanical stability, is directly engineered with catalytic layers of multiple heterostructures (r‐Mn–Ni/CoP) via facile one‐pot electrodeposition followed by surface reconstruction strategy. The abundant heterostructures composed of crystalline CoP, NiP, amorphous region, and additional Mn doping considerably manipulate the electronic structure with optimized charge transfer; while the in situ surface‐reconstructed hydrophilic nanoflakes enable the rapid wetting of active sites to the electrolyte. Consequently, the r‐Mn–Ni/CoP requires only 134 mV overpotential at the current density of 100 mA cm−2, superior to monophasic and undoped samples, and the majority of reported HER catalysts. Remarkably, an electrolyzer with r‐Mn–Ni/CoP on a nickel mesh cathode demonstrates extraordinary activity with a voltage of 1.734 V at 300 mA cm−2 and stable operation of 800 h. The finding provides a feasible strategy for the fabrication of nonprecious‐metal‐based HER electrocatalysts with high activity and stability toward industrial water electrolysis.
Advancing Triplet Exciton Harvesting Through Heavy Atom Selenium Manipulation in Multiple Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters
Authors: Chen Zijian , Liu Denghui , Li Mengke , Jiao Yihang , Yang Zhihai , Liu Kunkun , Su Shi‐Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the development of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high efficiency and minimal efficiency roll‐off, fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) in multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials is critical. The RISC process is typically hindered by insufficient spin‐orbital coupling (SOC). Incorporating heavy atom selenium into the MR‐TADF structure has the potential to enhance SOC through the heavy atom effect. However, the specific placement of selenium within the molecule results in different enhancements of SOC, with the detailed interplay between these factors yet to be elucidated. The introduction of a selenium‐containing moiety, phenoxaselenine, into the MR‐TADF structure at different substituted positions is undertaken, revealing that the molecule with 3‐substituted phenoxaselenine exhibits faster RISC transition and a significant increase in SOC between higher triplet excited states and S1 state, compared to the molecule with 2‐substituted phenoxaselenine. Significantly reduced efficiency roll‐off is achieved for the narrow‐band emission OLEDs based on the molecule with 3‐substituted phenoxaselenine owing to the enhanced heavy atom effect, giving an impressive external quantum efficiency above 20% even under 10 000 cd m−2 in the corresponding OLED device. These results underscore the potential of strategic heavy atom effect manipulation in MR‐TADF materials for efficient spin‐flipping.
A Ligand‐Directed Spatial Regulation to Structural and Functional Tunability in Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogen‐Functionalized Organic–Inorganic Nanoassemblies
Authors: Chen Xirui , Li Zhan‐Wei , Duan Hong , Sun Yu‐Wei , Su Yu , Peng Shiyu , Guo Yuqian , Xiong Yonghua , Tang Ben Zhong , Huang Xiaolin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen)‐functionalized organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles (OINPs) are an emerging category of multifunctional nanomaterials with vast potential applications. The spatial arrangement and positioning of AIEgens and inorganic compounds in AIEgen‐functionalized OINPs determine the structures, properties, and functionalities of the self‐assembled nanomaterials. In this work, a facile and general emulsion self‐assembly tactic for synthesizing well‐defined AIEgen‐functionalized OINPs is proposed by coassembling alkane chain‐functionalized inorganic nanoparticles with hydrophobic organic AIEgens. As a proof of concept, the self‐assembly and structural evolution of plasmonic‐fluorescent hybrid nanoparticles (PFNPs) from concentric circle to core shell and then to Janus structures is demonstrated by using alkane chain‐modified AuNPs and AIEgens as building blocks. The spatial position of AuNPs in the signal nanocomposite is controlled by varying the alkane ligand length and density on the AuNP surface. The mechanism behind the formation of various PFNP nanostructures is also elucidated through experiments and theoretical simulation. The obtained PFNPs with diverse structures exhibit spatially tunable optical and photothermal properties for advanced applications in multicolor and multimode immunolabeling and photothermal sterilization. This work presents an innovative synthetic approach of constructing AIEgen‐functionalized OINPs with diverse structures, compositions, and functionalities, thereby championing the progressive development of these OINPs.
Upcycling Waste Biomass–Production of Porous Carbonaceous Supports from Paper Mill Sludge and Application to CO2 Conversion
Authors: Ribeiro Mónica Stanton , Lima Maria M. R. A. , Vilarigues Márcia , Zanatta Marcileia , Corvo Marta C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe urgent need for sustainable waste management strategies has led to the exploration of innovative approaches for the valorization of waste. In this study, a method is proposed for carbonizing waste biomass materials, particularly paper mill waste sludges (primary and biological) and knots, to produce porous carbonaceous supports. Through an initial hydrothermal carbonization followed by carbonization with nitrogen flow, porous carbon materials are successfully generated. The findings of this investigation validate the successful generation of effective carbonaceous supports utilizing waste biomass materials. These materials are then evaluated for their effectiveness as porous supports in the ionic liquid‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction of CO2 to styrene oxide, achieving a remarkable conversion rate of up to 98% and an impressive selectivity exceeding 99%. Additionally, the results underscore the significant impact of the selected IL on the overall conversion process. Overall, this study presents a promising pathway for the valorization of paper mill waste sludge through the production of porous carbon materials with potential applications in catalysis and beyond.
Revealing the MRI‐Contrast in Optically Cleared Brains
Authors: Oz Shimrit , Saar Galit , Olszakier Shunit , Heinrich Ronit , Kompanets Mykhail O. , Berlin Shai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe current consensus holds that optically‐cleared specimens are unsuitable for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); exhibiting absence of contrast. Prior studies combined MRI with tissue‐clearing techniques relying on the latter's ability to eliminate lipids, thereby fostering the assumption that lipids constitute the primary source of ex vivo MRI‐contrast. Nevertheless, these findings contradict an extensive body of literature that underscores the contribution of other features to contrast. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether non‐delipidating clearing methods can produce MRI‐compatible specimens or whether MRI‐contrast can be re‐established. These limitations hinder the development of multimodal MRI‐light‐microscopy (LM) imaging approaches. This study assesses the relation between MRI‐contrast, and delipidation in optically‐cleared whole brains following different tissue‐clearing approaches. It is demonstrated that uDISCO and ECi‐brains are MRI‐compatible upon tissue rehydration, despite both methods’ substantial delipidating‐nature. It is also demonstrated that, whereas Scale‐clearing preserves most lipids, Scale‐cleared brain lack MRI‐contrast. Furthermore, MRI‐contrast is restored to lipid‐free CLARITY‐brains without introducing lipids. Our results thereby dissociate between the essentiality of lipids to MRI‐contrast. A tight association is found between tissue expansion, hyperhydration and loss of MRI‐contrast. These findings then enabled us to develop a multimodal MRI‐LM‐imaging approach, opening new avenues to bridge between the micro‐ and mesoscale for biomedical research and clinical applications.
Stress Prerelease‐Driven Dendrite‐Free Growth Mechanism to Stabilize Zn Anodes
Authors: Wu Xuyang , Yuan Wei , Wu Yaopeng , Wang Chun , Xue Lanchen , Zhou Yangfan , Zhang Xiaoqing , Jiang Simin , Zhao Bote , Chen Yu , Yang Chenghao , Ding Liangxin , Tang Yong , Ding Xinrui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe mechanical properties of zinc anodes in rechargeable zinc‐based batteries are neglected. Indeed, electrode stress in zinc crystallization (ESZC) contributes to excess chemical potential under enormous deposition stress, severely impacting zinc crystal patterns and reaction kinetics. Herein, a stress prerelease mechanism to minimize ESZC and drive dendrite‐free zinc anode growth is proposed. The internal stress of the freestanding electrode is prereleased by full‐contact soft‐substrate constraints during fabrication. Under the compression of crystallization stress, the freestanding electrode rapidly deforms and self‐releases into microstrains to reduce ESZC. Furthermore, the weakening of ESZC under the stress‐prerelease mechanism is modified to the actual reaction kinetics, which establishes a direct link between electrode stress and zinc deposition pattern. The processes of crystalline stress transfer and self‐release under the stress prerelease mechanism are revealed using in situ strain monitors. Stress‐prereleased freestanding electrodes drive uniform zinc nucleation and subsequent radial diffusion, guiding Zn epitaxial growth on the nanofibers surface. During repeated deposition/stripping, the stress prerelease mechanism steadily diminishes the possibility of dendrite growth and guarantees the stable operation of dendrite‐free zinc anodes. The stress prereleased freestanding electrodes induce symmetric and full cells to achieve stable and excellent performance.