bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culture protocols of the Metallic Shiner for ornamental aquaculture
Authors: Tuckett Quenton M. , Lipscomb Taylor N. , Wood Amy L. , Patterson Joshua T. , Ramee Shane W. , Murray Casey A. , Watson Craig A. , DiMaggio Matthew A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
While North American fishes are often overlooked by the ornamental fish industry, there is growing interest in fishes native to the southeastern USA, a hot spot for fish diversity. The Metallic Shiner Pteronotropis metallicus, a small-bodied leuciscid native to Florida and Georgia, is sometimes available in the ornamental fish trade through wild collection and limited captive production. This species exhibits a distinctive color pattern straddling the lateral line: a dorsal pink to red line, fading to a black to blue stripe. This group of minnows is largely unknown to ornamental aquaculture and lacks defined culture protocols. Our objective was to develop culture protocols for the Metallic Shiner.

Methods
Following collection of wild broodstock, we used routine culture methods to experimentally determine substrate preference, egg incubation, egg disinfection, larval feeding, and larval development.

Result
Metallic Shiner spawning was more successful on yarn mops compared with other media, with average output of &gt;50 embryos per tank per day. Hatching success was similar for static incubators (24%) and upwelling incubators (20%) and was also similar among egg disinfection treatments (iodine, hydrogen peroxide, and formalin). Larval feeding regimes altered survival, with Otohime A1 exhibiting higher survival (44%) over 14 days posthatch (dph) and better growth than other feeding regimes. During the developmental trial with water temperature at a relatively constant 25°C, length increased from 5 mm notochord length (4 dph) to 8.7 mm standard length (45 dph), with significant milestones occurring at 4 dph (swim bladder inflation), 16 dph (flexion), and 23 dph (hypural plate formation).

Conclusion
These data provide basic culture information for the Metallic Shiner while also providing a place of reference to begin investigating culture protocols for related species, including species of conservation concern.
Fish size structure analysis via ordination: A visualization aid
Authors: Miranda L. E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Visual aids like length-frequency histograms are widely used to examine fish population status and trends; however, comparing multiple histograms simultaneously becomes cumbersome and inefficient. Complicating matters further, overlaying covariates on histograms to highlight connections with length frequencies can be challenging. An alternative, and the subject of this Perspective, is to display length distributions as an ordination using similarity indexes; in many cases, this allows for improved visual organization and representation of relationships with covariates.

Methods
I review the application of ordination methods for analysis of size structures using alternative visualizations that may facilitate the identification of connections that are concealed when analyzing a series of histograms. After a brief introduction to similarity indexes, types of ordinations, and sample sizes, I examine four case studies to illustrate size structure analysis via similarity indices: (1) unconstrained ordination to identify “bass-crowded” populations in a set of 34 small fishing lakes, (2) unconstrained ordination to evaluate the effect of three consecutive length limits on a Largemouth Bass Micropterus nigricans population over a span of 28 years, (3) constrained ordination to assess the relationships between fish community size structure and in-lake and off-lake environmental descriptors in 30 oxbow lakes, and (4) constrained ordination to identify what aspects of Largemouth Bass size structure were related to six types of reservoir habitats.

Result
Size structure analysis via similarity indexes enabled the exploration of extensive length-frequency data. It is important to acknowledge that ordinations serve solely as a visual aid for assessing size structure—no statistical testing is involved.

Conclusion
Ordination techniques and software are advancing at a quick pace, holding great promise for the future of size structure analysis via similarity indices.
An improved evolutionary structure optimization method considering stress minimization and smooth design
Authors: Wang Leijia , Tang Tianshu , Zhu Mingqiao , Yue Wenhui , Xia Hui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe design of continuum structures often presents challenges related to stress concentration, which can cause significant structural damage. To address this issue, the current study presents a new stress minimization method that utilizes the Windowed Evolutionary Structural Optimization (WESO) framework. The method aims to improve algorithm stability by optimizing design variables with an intermediate density. The use of a P‐norm stress aggregation method improves the assessment of global stress levels and enhances computational efficiency. Furthermore, a stable element sensitivity formulation, derived from the adjoint sensitivity analysis of the global stress measure, effectively handles the nonlinear stress behavior. Mesh filtering techniques are utilized to convert sensitivity from elements to nodes, and the structural topological solution is represented using the level set function (LSF) based on element‐node sensitivity. This method addresses the singularity issue commonly found in density‐based optimization methods and facilitates the achievement of smooth topological solutions. Through 2D and 3D benchmark designs, the proposed method's feasibility, stability, and superiority are thoroughly demonstrated. A parametric study is conducted to identify the optimal parameter range for the algorithm, leading to the development of a rational method for parameter selection. The optimized topology, with its smooth boundaries, can guide the design of structures without the need for redesign or post‐processing, helping to drive innovation and development in engineering.
Changes in energy expenditure and physical activity over 15 years of environmental changes: The Maycoba project
Authors: Niclou Alexandra , Esparza‐Romero Julián , Urquidez‐Romero Rene , Lam Yan Y. , Rood Jennifer , Schulz Leslie O. , Bennett Peter H. , Valencia Mauro E. , Ravussin Eric 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis work aimed to parse out the role of changing environments on body composition, total energy expenditure, and physical activity in the Mexican Pima, a population experiencing rapid industrialization.MethodsUsing doubly labeled water, we compared energy expenditure and physical activity in a longitudinal cohort of Mexican Pima (n = 26; female: 12) in 1995 and 2010. Body mass and composition were assessed by bioimpedance analysis. To determine the effects of environmental factors on body weight independent of age, we compared the 1995 longitudinal cohort with an age‐ and sex‐matched cross‐sectional cohort (n = 26) in 2010.ResultsBody mass, fat mass, and fat‐free mass all significantly increased between 1995 and 2010. Despite a 13% average increase in body weight, weight‐adjusted total daily energy expenditure decreased significantly. Measured physical activity levels also decreased between 1995 and 2010, after we adjusted for weight.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the recent industrialization of the Maycoba region in Sonora, Mexico, has contributed to a decrease in physical activity, in turn contributing to weight gain and metabolic disease among the Mexican Pima.
Quantitative evaluation of the cheek area after maxillary advancement and rotation by orthognathic surgery in skeletal maxillary retrusion
Authors: Miyahara Kei , Izumi Kiwako , Moriyama Tsuyoshi , Tokunaga Keisuke , Ikebe Tetsuro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimNo quantitative methods for evaluating the cheek line after orthognathic surgery have been reported. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of orthognathic surgery on the cheek line using computer‐assisted image analysis.MethodsThis retrospective study involved 101 female participants who underwent orthognathic surgery consisting of both Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Lateral cephalometric photographs of the patients were analyzed using computer‐assisted image analysis to determine the area surrounded by the cheek line (iCA). The ratio of the postoperative iCA to the preoperative iCA was calculated and denoted as the iCA ratio.ResultsParticipants were categorized into four diagnostic groups according to their malocclusion: Group 1 (maxillary retrusion with mandibular protrusion); Group 2 (maxillary retrusion with mandibular retrusion); Group 3 (maxillary protrusion with mandibular protrusion); and Group 4 (maxillary protrusion with mandibular retrusion). The mean iCA ratio of Group 1 was 1.61, which was the largest value among the four groups. Analyses were performed for Groups 1 and 2 because Groups 3 and 4 had too few cases. When measuring the distances of maxillary forward or backward movement, the iCA ratio was significantly correlated with the distance of maxillary forward movement (correlation coefficients: 0.25 and 0.22 respectively), but not the degree of rotation of maxillary and mandibular movement.ConclusionMaxillary forward movement by Le Fort I osteotomy contributed to the increase of iCA in the profile, which may help to predict the effects of orthognathic surgery on the cheek line.
On low velocity impact response of Sandwich composite with jute/epoxy facesheet and cenosphere reinforced functionally graded Core: Experimental and finite element approach
Authors: Mahesh Vishwas , Mahesh Vinyas , Harursampath Dineshkumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe assessment of energy absorption behavior has a vital role in determining suitability of lightweight composites for impact protection applications. This study focuses on evaluating the energy absorption characteristics of cenosphere reinforced epoxy syntactic foam core and jute epoxy facesheet sandwich composite subjected to low velocity impact. The syntactic foam is composed of lightweight cenospheres embedded within an epoxy matrix, resulting in a high‐strength and lightweight composite material. Low velocity impact tests were conducted using a drop tower apparatus to simulate realistic impact conditions. The impact force, energy absorption and damage mitigation of the syntactic foam specimens with varied weight percentage of Cenosphere (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) were measured and analyzed to assess the energy absorption behavior. The gradation revealed that the weight of top layer when compared to bottom layer is 50.49%, 70.23% and 95.74% less in syntactic foam core with 10, 20 and 30 wt% Cenosphere respectively, indicating gradation. The study demonstrates that the addition of Cenosphere up to 20 wt% enhances the energy absorption capacity of the sandwich composites by 59.37%–93.44% compared to sandwich without Cenosphere reinforced core. However, beyond this threshold, a decline in energy absorption is observed when subjected to low‐velocity impact (LVI). Fractography analysis demonstrates that the incorporation of Cenosphere induces a rough fracture surface with deep river‐like topography, indicative of greater energy absorption during impact loading. This substantiates the conclusion that Cenosphere‐reinforced syntactic foams exhibit enhanced impact resistance, making them promising materials for structures subjected to low‐velocity impact events.Highlights
Development of functionally graded core sandwich composite for low velocity impact applications.
Assessing the performance of developed composites under low velocity impact loading.
Determining the optimal weight percentage of cenospshere in functionally graded core.
Studying the fractography of developed sandwich composites.
Corelation between experimental and finite element studies.
Experimental study on the effects of SS304 and Aluminium reinforcements on mechanical and vibration properties in jute‐epoxy composites
Authors: Salve Aniket , Mache Ashok 
Published: June 2024

AbstractJute fiber has emerged as a promising reinforcement material in polymer composites, and researchers are actively exploring hybrid composite materials to overcome its individual mechanical property limitations and enhance overall performance. The paper introduces a unique hybridization of polymer composites that harnesses the advantages of stainless steel and aluminium offering a lightweight material for potential engineering applications. In this study, stainless steel 304 wire mesh (S), aluminium wire mesh (Al) and aluminium perforated sheet (Alp) are used as an additional reinforcement along with jute (J) and glass (G) fibers to fabricate hybrid polymer composites with varying volume fractions of SS304 and Al wire mesh. Seven laminates of hybrid composites namely J/J/J/S/J/J/J, J/J/S/J/J/S/J/J, J/J/J/Al/J/J/J, J/J/Al/J/J/Al/J/J, J/J/J/Alp/J/J/J, G/J/J/J/S/J/J/J/G, (J/J/S/J/J/S/J/J)450 along with virgin composite laminate J/J/J/J/J/J/J/J were fabricated and tested to obtain mechanical and vibration properties. Bonding between metal wire and matrix is investigated and reported through ILLS tests and SEM observations. Experimental findings indicate a notable 24% and 7% increase in tensile and ILSS strength, respectively, with SS304 reinforcement. Moreover, significant improvements in flexural and impact strength, approximately 48% and 33% for J/J/S/J/J/S/J/J, demonstrate the effectiveness of the hybrid approach. The J/J/S/J/J/S/J/J laminate excels in damping capacity under various boundary conditions. The study underscores the potential of metallic reinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties of jute fiber‐reinforced polymer composites, presenting opportunities for the development of lightweight, sustainable, and high‐performance materials in engineering applications.Highlights
Developed jute fiber‐based hybrid polymer composites with metal wire reinforcement.
Significant increase in strength and stiffness observed with addition of metal wires.
Bonding between metal wire and matrix is investigated through ILLS tests and SEM observations.
Vibration damping of all hybrid materials is reported.
Study provides valuable data to develop sustainable, lightweight, and cost‐effective materials.
What proteomics has taught us about honey bee (Apis mellifera) health and disease
Authors: Arad Maor , Ku Kenneth , Frey Connor , Hare Rhien , McAfee Alison , Ghafourifar Golfam , Foster Leonard J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Western honey bee, Apis mellifera, is currently navigating a gauntlet of environmental pressures, including the persistent threat of parasites, pathogens, and climate change – all of which compromise the vitality of honey bee colonies. The repercussions of their declining health extend beyond the immediate concerns of apiarists, potentially imposing economic burdens on society through diminished agricultural productivity. Hence, there is an imperative to devise innovative monitoring techniques for assessing the health of honey bee populations. Proteomics, recognized for its proficiency in biomarker identification and protein–protein interactions, is poised to play a pivotal role in this regard. It offers a promising avenue for monitoring and enhancing the resilience of honey bee colonies, thereby contributing to the stability of global food supplies. This review delves into the recent proteomic studies of A. mellifera, highlighting specific proteins of interest and envisioning the potential of proteomics to improve sustainable beekeeping practices amidst the challenges of a changing planet.
Conformational diversity of human HP1α
Authors: Ukmar‐Godec Tina , Yu Taekyung , de Opakua Alain Ibanez , Pantoja Christian F. , Munari Francesca , Zweckstetter Markus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHeterochromatin protein 1 alpha (HP1α) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that binds chromatin and is important for gene silencing. The protein comprises 191 residues arranged into three disordered regions and two structured domains, the chromo and chromoshadow domain, which associates into a homodimer. While high‐resolution structures of the isolated domains of HP1 proteins are known, the structural properties of full‐length HP1α remain largely unknown. Using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and structure predictions by AlphaFold2 we provide evidence that the chromo and chromoshadow domain of HP1α engage in direct contacts resulting in a compact chromo/chromoshadow domain arrangement. We further show that HP1β and HP1γ have increased interdomain dynamics when compared to HP1α which may contribute to the distinct roles of different Hp1 isoforms in gene silencing and activation.
Between the inclusion and exclusion of immigrants in a peripheral European country: Housing inequality in Portugal
Authors: Carreiras Marina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe understanding of immigrants as disadvantaged low‐skilled workers has been widely explored in migration studies. On the opposite end of the social ladder, the number of scientific works about privileged migrants, from highly skilled professionals to retired people and digital nomads, shows a significant increase. However, migration research fails to expose and debate the sharp contrast between immigrants with distinct economic and socio‐professional backgrounds across several dimensions, namely in housing. With the aim to better understand the manifestations and interconnections of immigration within urban transformations, this study analyses the polarities between immigrants in the housing sector in Portugal, a peripheral European nation that recently acquired the status of a country of immigration and where access to housing has been a structural problem. Furthermore, this text discusses the impact of public policies on the generation of those inequalities. With this, we expect to contribute to the debate on the unequal power and positions of distinct groups of immigrants and their constraints in the housing market, taking into consideration processes of inclusion and exclusion.
Reliability analysis of deep space satellites launched 1991–2020: Bulk population and deployable satellite performance analysis
Authors: Grile Travis M. , Bettinger Robert A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFlight data for deep space satellites launched and operated between 1991 and 2020 is analyzed to generate various reliability metrics. Satellite reliability is first estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier estimator, then parameterized through the Weibull distribution. This general process is applied to a general satellite data set that included all deep space satellites launched between 1991 and 2020, as well as two data subsets. One subset focuses on deployable satellites, while the other introduces a methodology of normalizing satellite lifetimes by satellite design life. Results from the general data set prove deep space satellites suffer from infant mortality while the results from the deployable data subset show deployable deep space satellites are only reliable over short periods of time. Results from the design life normalized data set give promising results, with satellites having a relatively high chance of reaching their design life. Available information regarding specific modes of failure is also leveraged to generate a percent contribution to overall satellite failure for eight distinct failure modes. Satellite failure due to crashing, in‐space propulsion failure, and telemetry system failure are proven to drive both early in life failure and later in life failure, making them the main causes of decreased reliability.
Selective molecular characterization of organic aerosols using in situ laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Yuan Daohe , Qi Yulin , Ma Chao , Fu Pingqing , Volmer Dietrich A. 
Published: June 2024

RationaleThe sources and chemical compositions of organic aerosol (OA) exert a significant influence on both regional and global atmospheric conditions, thereby having far‐reaching implications on environmental chemistry. However, existing mass spectrometry (MS) methods have limitations in characterizing the detailed composition of OA due to selective ionization as well as fractionation during cold‐water extraction and solid‐phase extraction (SPE).MethodsA comprehensive MS study was conducted using aerosol samples collected on dusty, clean, and polluted days. To supplement the data obtained from electrospray ionization (ESI), a strategy for analyzing OAs collected using the quartz fiber filter directly utilizing laser desorption ionization (LDI) was employed. Additionally, the ESI method was conducted to explore suitable approaches for determining various OA compositions from samples collected on dusty, clean, and polluted days.ResultsIn situ LDI has the advantages of significantly reducing the sample volume, simplifying sample preparation, and overcoming the problem of overestimating sulfur‐containing compounds usually encountered in ESI. It is suitable for the characterization of highly unsaturated and hydrophobic aerosols, such as brown carbon‐type compounds with low volatility and high stability, which is supplementary to ESI.ConclusionsCompared with other ionization methods, in situ LDI helps provide a complementary description of the molecular compositions of OAs, especially for analyzing OAs in polluted day samples. This method may contribute to a more comprehensive MS analysis of the elusive compositions and sources of OA in the atmosphere.
ESG performance and firm risk in the U.S. financial firms
Authors: Lee Jooh , Koh Kyungyeon (Rachel) 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study examines the association between the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and firm risk in U.S. financial firms. We find a significant negative association between the composite ESG performance and total, idiosyncratic, and systematic risks after controlling for firm and year fixed effects and other risk predictors. We also examine the effect of each pillar of ESG on this relationship and find that “S” and “G” exhibit a significant negative relationship with both systematic and idiosyncratic risks of firms, while “E” is only associated with systematic risk. Lastly, we demonstrate that ESG performance is negatively associated with the extent to which leverage contributes to firm risk, supporting our premise that ESG alleviates financial risk. Overall, we provide empirical evidence of potential risk management benefits of ESG in the financial industry.
Reproductive outcomes of embryo cryopreservation and transfer at the start‐up phase of fertility preservation in Japan
Authors: Takae Seido , Harada Miyuki , Nakamura Kentaro , Furuyama Sayako , Ono Masanori , Osuga Yutaka , Suzuki Nao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeTo verify the effectiveness of embryo transfer (ET) using cryopreserved embryo as fertility preservation (FP).MethodsThis study was a questionnaire survey. The total number of embryo cryopreservation (EC) was investigated between 2014 and 2020. And for patients who underwent ET among study period, details of EC, outcome of ET, number of live births, and mortality were investigated.ResultsOf the 150 facilities, 114 responded (76.0%). A total of 1420 EC were performed during the study period; and ET was performed for 417 patients. Breast cancer was the most common primary disease. A total of 199 live births (including prospective) were obtained by ET; 1.7 EC and 2.2 ET were performed per patient, and live birth rate was 21.4% per ET (28.1% on 35–37‐year‐old patients). The number of EC and ET increased with age. The final birth rate, including pregnancies other than FP, was 51.8%. Ovarian stimulation with aromatase inhibitors was commonly used, although with no effect on live birth rates. Random start stimulation was also common, experienced by 36.3% of breast cancer patients.ConclusionReproductive outcomes of ETs following EC as FP are acceptable. This research project was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000043664).