bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How theVixenlost its mores: gesture and music in Janáček's animal opera
Authors: Sheppard Jennifer 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWith a diverse and colourful cast of animals, birds, insects and human villagers,Příhody lišky Bystroušky(known in English asThe Cunning Little Vixen), is one of Leoš Janáček's most popular, if peculiar, operas. Though nowadaysBystrouškais typically characterised as a charming portrayal of the continuous renewal of life in nature, this idea emerged only gradually from a tangle of competing and occasionally contradictory views in which, however, the complexity of the moral laws by which the opera's inhabitants live was frequently central. By tracing the history of the opera's stagings in the Czech Republic; drawing out themes that developed in the journalistic and critical discourse around those performances; and reading the opera's music and stage action closely, this article argues that the amoral codes ofBystrouška's world not only inhere in the story, its text, and even, perhaps, in the idea of nature's cycle of life itself, but that at certain times in the opera they are also given expression through particular correlations and disjunctions between the opera's music and the physical actions and gestures of the singers on stage.
Non-disclosure for distributed mobile code
Authors: MATOS ANA ALMEIDA , CEDERQUIST JAN 
Published: October 2011

With the emergence of the new possibilities offered by global computing, new security issues follow from the fact that these possibilities can be equally exploited by parties with malicious intentions. Many attacks arise at the application level, and can be tackled by means of programming language techniques. For instance, confidentiality can be violated during the execution of programs that reveal secret information. This kind of program behaviour can be avoided by information flow analyses that detect the encoding of illegal flows.This paper studies information flows that occur in distributed programs with code mobility from a language-based security perspective. New forms of security leaks that are introduced by code mobility, which we callmigration leaks, are presented and compared with well-known forms of illegal flow. We propose an information flow property that is adequate for networks consisting of a generalisation of the non-disclosure policy. We design a type and effect system for enforcing it on an expressive distributed calculus, and explain a soundness proof methodology in detail.
February 2009 Airplane Crash at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport: An Overview of Injuries and Patient Distribution
Authors: Postma Ingri L.E. , Winkelhagen Jasper , Bloemers Frank W. , Heetveld Martin J. , Bijlsma Taco S. , Goslings J. Carel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to describe the injuries and distribution of casualties resulting from the crash of Turkish Airlines flight TK 1951 near Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands on 25 of February 2009.Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study. Based on a review of the hospital records for all casualties of the airplane crash, triage at the scene, time to emergency department, Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS), mortality, length of hospital stay and surgical procedures were abstracted.Results: Of the 135 passengers, nine died on-scene. A total of 126 survivors were examined in 15 hospitals; data for all survivors were available for the study. Median time between crash and arrival at an emergency department was 3.5 hours (range 1.25-5.5 hours). Six passengers were uninjured and 66 were admitted to hospital. A total of 305 injuries were recorded. The majority were head and facial injuries (92), spinal injuries (35), and fractures of extremities (38). Eighteen percent of the patients had a spinal injury. The mean ISS was 6.3 (range = 1–57). The ISS score was >15 for 13 patients. Surgical procedures (80) were necessary in 23 patients. There was no in-hospital mortality.Conclusions: Although the accident was in an urban area, there was a significant delay between the time of the accident and the arrival of the casualties at hospital emergency departments. The Turkish Airlines crash provides extensive information for research into mass-casualty or disaster management, triage, plane crash injuries, and survivability. The “Medical Research Turkish Airlines Crash” (MOTAC) study group currently is investigating several of these issues.
Validation of protein and potassium intakes assessed from 24 h recalls against levels estimated from 24 h urine samples in children and adolescents of Turkish descent living in Germany: results from the EVET! Study
Authors: Bokhof Beate , Buyken Anette E , Doğan Canan , Karaboğa Arzu , Kaiser Josa , Sonntag Antje , Kroke Anja 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveNutrition-related health problems such as obesity are frequent among children and adolescents of Turkish descent living in Germany, yet data on their dietary habits are scarce. One reason might be the lack of validated assessment tools for this target group. We therefore aimed to validate protein and K intakes from one 24 h recall against levels estimated from one 24 h urine sample in children and adolescents of Turkish descent living in Germany.DesignCross-sectional analyses comprised estimation of mean differences, Pearson correlation coefficients, cross-classifications and Bland–Altman plots to assess the agreement between the nutritional intake estimated from a single 24 h recall and a single 24 h urine sample collected on the previous day.SettingDortmund, Germany.SubjectsData from forty-three study participants (aged 5–18 years; 26 % overweight) with a traditional Turkish background were included.ResultsThe 24 h recall significantly overestimated mean protein and K intake by 10·7 g/d (95 % CI of mean difference: 0·6, 20·7 g/d) and 344 mg/d (95 % CI 8, 680 mg/d), respectively. Correlations between intake estimates werer= 0·25 (P= 0·1) and 0·31 (P= 0·05). Both methods classified 70 % and 69 % of the participants into the same/adjacent quartile of protein and K intake and misclassified 7 % and 7 %, respectively, into the opposite quartile. Bland–Altman plots indicated a wide scattering of differences in both protein and K intake.ConclusionsAmong children and adolescents of traditional Turkish descent living in Germany, one 24 h recall may only be valid for categorizing subjects into high, medium or low consumers.
MR. SECRETARY, TEAR DOWN THIS WALL
Authors: de Bodman Florent , Bennett Pamela R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRacial segregation has been a persistent feature of the American social landscape and a longstanding contributor to racial inequality, particularly between Blacks and Whites. Affirmative action policies have been used to address the systemic discrimination and attendant socioeconomic consequences to which African Americans have been subjected. Yet affirmative action has not been widely used in all domains in which segregation and systemic discrimination occurred. Although such policies have been adopted in the domains of employment and postsecondary education, few federal affirmative action programs have been used in housing. This is surprising given high levels of segregation across the metropolitan United States, as well as the stated integrative objectives of the U.S. Congress when it passed theFair Housing Act of1968. To understand this puzzle, we use the Gautreaux Assisted Housing Program, a housing mobility effort of the Federal government and the Chicago Housing Authority that used explicit racial criteria, as a surrogate for affirmative action in housing more broadly. We conduct a comparative analysis of Gautreaux and affirmative action in college admissions using insights from applied political philosophy and sociology. By confronting Gautreaux with a more traditional affirmative action program, we are able to identify and compare the judicial, moral, and instrumental justifications for each, enabling us to draw conclusions about whether and how affirmative action can justifiably be used on a large scale to reduce neighborhood segregation, the possible forms it could take, and the difficulties it would face. We close with a discussion of the recent shift toward integration taken by the Department of Housing and Urban Development under the Obama administration, its relationship to affirmative action, and its implications for declines in residential segregation in the United States.
Evaluation of 2B31 TRMM‐product rain estimates for single precipitation events over a region with complex topographic features
Authors: Montero‐Martínez Guillermo , Zarraluqui‐Such Víctor , García‐García Fernando 
Published: October 2011

An evaluation of precipitation estimations on the ground for individual rainfall events was carried out by comparing the 2B31 Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) product versus a high‐density, rain gauge network deployed at the ground over a small (about 1000 km2) study area in a continental region characterized by complex topography and high altitude. This comparison, using categorical analysis, showed a good agreement for several skill parameters most frequently used in works of this type. In this paper, it is concluded that Odds Ratio Skill Score (ORSS) is a more reliable measure of skill for categorical statistics than other scores because it better reflects the agreement between the two data sets. Furthermore, ORSS allows one to test the significance of the results so it is possible to discriminate whether the resulting skill is due to pure chance (ORSS was significant in 70% of the cases studied). Although variance and mean analyses generally showed differences between data sets for both the amount and the distribution of rainfall rate over the study area, least squares fits indicate a very high and quite linear correlation for both the mean rainfall rate (r2 = 0.90) and the maximum amount of precipitation at a given point (r2 = 0.74). It is concluded that 2B31 TRMM data can be used in weather applications for the area studied here and others with complex orographical characteristics and also as a tool in the diagnosis of individual rain events in other regions where there are no other data sources available.
Induction of oxidative stress, lysosome activation and autophagy by nanoparticles in human brain-derived endothelial cells
Authors: Halamoda Kenzaoui Blanka , Chapuis Bernasconi Catherine , Guney-Ayra Seher , Juillerat-Jeanneret Lucienne 
Published: October 2011

Different types of NPs (nanoparticles) are currently under development for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the biomedical field, yet our knowledge about their possible effects and fate in living cells is still limited. In the present study, we examined the cellular response of human brain-derived endothelial cells to NPs of different size and structure: uncoated and oleic acid-coated iron oxide NPs (8–9 nm core), fluorescent 25 and 50 nm silica NPs, TiO2 NPs (21 nm mean core diameter) and PLGA [poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)]-PEO [poly(ethylene oxide)] polymeric NPs (150 nm). We evaluated their uptake by the cells, and their localization, generation of oxidative stress and DNA-damaging effects in exposed cells. We show that NPs are internalized by human brain-derived endothelial cells; however, the extent of their intracellular uptake is dependent on the characteristics of the NPs. After their uptake by human brain-derived endothelial cells NPs are transported into the lysosomes of these cells, where they enhance the activation of lysosomal proteases. In brain-derived endothelial cells, NPs induce the production of an oxidative stress after exposure to iron oxide and TiO2 NPs, which is correlated with an increase in DNA strand breaks and defensive mechanisms that ultimately induce an autophagy process in the cells.
Delayed grammatical acquisition in first language development
Authors: Meisel Jürgen M. , Elsig Martin , Bonnesen Matthias 
Published: October 2011

Recent research comparing simultaneous and successive acquisition of bilingualism suggests that successive acquisition is affected by age-related changes possibly as early as age (of onset of acquisition) 3–4. Since children are typically exposed to colloquial varieties, the primary linguistic data can lack properties of formal varieties during early years. If, however, the acquisition of a given property is delayed until age 5 or later, the acquired knowledge may rather resemble that of L2 learners.This happens in the acquisition of French interrogatives where certain inversion constructions do not occur in Colloquial French. Native speakers acquire them after the age of 5, and they behave like L2 learners in using or judging them. A grammaticality judgment test reveals a broad range of variability in their ratings of constructions which are ungrammatical in Standard French. Their grammar is afflicted by the kind of persistent optionality familiar from L2 acquisition.
Validation of a short physical activity recall questionnaire completed by Spanish adolescents
Authors: Zaragoza Casterad Javier , Generelo Eduardo , Aznar Susana , Abarca‐Sos Alberto , Julián Jose A. , Mota Jorge 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSelf‐report recall questionnaires are commonly used to measure physical activity in children and adolescents. However, they have been shown to have low to moderate validity, mainly due to inaccuracies in recall activity. The purpose of the present study was to determine the reliability and validity of an adapted version of the Assessment of Physical Activity Levels Questionnaire (APALQ) among a sample of Spanish adolescents. Test–retest reliability of the APALQ was assessed using a sample of 150 adolescents (72 males, 78 females), aged 13.6±1.1 years, who answered the APALQ twice within 7 days. Criterion validity was assessed using a sample of 77 adolescents (50 males, 27 females), aged 13.6±1.1 years, by comparing the APALQ against the Computer Science and Application (CSA) monitor. All participants were volunteers recruited from local schools in the Aragon region of Spain. Test–retest reliability for all items was high with intra‐class coefficients of 0.77 for boys and 0.74 for girls. The APALQ demonstrated modest criterion validity with Pearson correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.53 between Physical Activity Index (PAI) and CSA minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity, and 0.47 between PAI and CSA steps per day. When the data were analysed by gender, girls had higher correlations than boys (P < 0.01). The Spanish APALQ seems to be a valid and reliable short self‐report physical activity questionnaire.
Dynamics of the game in soccer: Detection of T‐patterns
Authors: Camerino Oleguer Foguet , Chaverri Javier , Anguera M. Teresa , Jonsson Gudberg K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTraditional approaches to the quantification of team sports have proved to be limited in their ability to identify complex structural regularities that, despite being unobservable, nonetheless underlie the development of the sporting contest between opposing teams. This paper describes a method for detecting the dynamics of play in professional soccer through the analysis of temporal patterns (T‐patterns). The observation instrument used was SOF‐5, which is especially designed for studying the dynamics of the game in soccer. The recording consisted of within‐session monitoring using the MATCH VISION STUDIO 3.0 software, while the THEME software was used to detect and analyse T‐patterns. These T‐patterns revealed regularities in the playing style of the observed team, FC Barcelona. The structures detected included a ball possession pattern, whereby the ball was first kept in the central zone before being played forward, through several moves, into the zones closest to the opposing team's goal in order to disrupt the latter's equilibrium. The results obtained show that it is possible to identify stable temporal structures that provide information about concurrent interaction contexts with respect to lateral position and zone. As such, the proposed methodology appears to be useful in detecting complex structures within the game of soccer, structures which may help coaches to design attacking and defensive strategies.
Conserved haplotype blocks within the sheep MHC and low SNP heterozygosity in the Class IIa subregion
Authors: Lee C. Y. , Qin J. , Munyard K. A. , Siva Subramaniam N. , Wetherall J. D. , Stear M. J. , Groth D. M. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThis report describes single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the sheep major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and class III regions and provides insights into the internal structure of this important genomic complex. MHC haplotypes were deduced from sheep family trios based on genotypes from 20 novel SNPs representative of the class II region and 10 previously described SNPs spanning the class III region. All 30 SNPs exhibited Hardy‐Weinberg proportions in the sheep population studied. Recombination within an extended sire haplotype was observed within the class II region for 4 of 20 sheep chromosomes, thereby supporting the presence of separated IIa and IIb subregions similar to those present in cattle. SNP heterozygosity varied across the class II and III regions. One segment of the class IIa subregion manifested very low heterozygosity for several SNPs spanning approximately 120 Kbp. This feature corresponds to a subregion within the human MHC class II region previously described as a ‘SNP desert’ because of its paucity of SNPs. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was reduced at the junction separating the putative class IIb and IIa subregions and also between the class IIa and the class III subregions. The latter observation is consistent with either an unmapped physical separation at this location or more likely a boundary characterized by more frequent recombination between two conserved subregions, each manifesting high within‐block LD. These results identify internal blocks of loci in the sheep MHC, within which recombination is relatively rare.
Fetal haemoglobin levels and haematological characteristics of compound heterozygotes for haemoglobin S and deletional hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin
Authors: Ngo Duyen A. , Aygun Banu , Akinsheye Idowu , Hankins Jane S. , Bhan Ishir , Luo Hong Y. , Steinberg Martin H. , Chui David H. K. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryCompound heterozygotes for sickle haemoglobin (HbS) and hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin (HPFH) have high fetal haemoglobin (HbF) levels but few, if any, sickle cell disease‐related complications. We studied 30 cases of HbS‐HPFH (types 1 and 2), confirmed by molecular analysis, and report the haematological features and change in HbF levels over time. These results were compared to those of patients with sickle cell anaemia or HbS‐β0 thalassaemia, including a subgroup of patients carrying the XmnI polymorphism, known to be associated with elevated HbF. Among the HbS‐HPFH patients, HbF level was 50–90% during infancy and declined steeply within the first few years of life, stabilizing between ages 3 and 5 years, at approximately 30%. Mean HbF of individuals age 5 or older was 31 ± 3%, average haemoglobin concentration was 130 ± 10 g/l and average mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was 75 ± 4 fl. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses significantly associated HbF with age, haemoglobin concentration, and MCV (P < 0·001). There was a strong inverse association between HbF and age (r = −0·9, P < 0·001). Despite having a much higher HbF level, patients with HbS‐HPFH have a similar age‐related pattern of HbF decline and associations as patients with sickle cell anaemia or HbS‐β0 thalassaemia.
High nitrogen deposition alters the decomposition of bog plant litter and reduces carbon accumulation
Authors: Bragazza Luca , Buttler Alexandre , Habermacher Jonathan , Brancaleoni Lisa , Gerdol Renato , Fritze Hannu , Hanajík Peter , Laiho Raija , Johnson David 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBogs are globally important sinks of atmospheric carbon (C) due to the accumulation of partially decomposed litter that forms peat. Because bogs receive their nutrients from the atmosphere, the world‐wide increase of nitrogen (N) deposition is expected to affect litter decomposition and, ultimately, the rate of C accumulation. However, the mechanism of such biogeochemical alteration remains unclear and quantification of the effect of N addition on litter accumulation has yet to be done. Here, we show that 7 years of N addition to a bog decreased the C : N ratio, increased the bacterial biomass and stimulated the activity of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in surface peat. Furthermore, N addition modified nutrient limitation of microbes during litter decomposition so that phosphorus became a primary limiting nutrient. Alteration of N release from decomposing litter affected bog water chemistry and the competitive balance between peat‐forming mosses and vascular plants. We estimate that deposition of about 4 g N m−2 yr−1 will cause a mean annual reduction of fresh litter C accumulation of about 40 g m−2 primarily as a consequence of decreased litter production from peat‐forming mosses. Our findings show that N deposition interacts with both above and below ground components of biodiversity to threaten the ability of bogs to act as N‐sinks, which may offset the positive effects of N on C accumulation seen in other ecosystems.
Association between social support and depression in the general population: the HUNT study, a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Grav Siv , Hellzèn Ove , Romild Ulla , Stordal Eystein 
Published: October 2011

Aim.  The aim was to investigate the associations between perceived social support and depression in a general population in relation to gender and age.Background.  Social support is seen as one of the social determinants for overall health in the general population. Studies have found higher probability of experiencing depression among people who have a lack of social support; evidence from the general population has been more limited. Subjective perception that support would be available if needed may reduce and prevent depression and unnecessary suffering.Design.  A cross‐sectional survey with self‐reported health was used.Method.  A total of 40,659 men and women aged 20–89 years living in Nord‐Trøndelag County of Norway with valid ratings of depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in the The Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study 3 were used. Logistic regression was used to quantify associations between two types of perceived support (emotional and tangible) and depression. Gender, age and interaction effects were controlled for in the final model.Results.  The main finding was that self‐rated perceived support was significantly associated with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale‐defined depression, even after controlling for age and gender; emotional support (OR = 3·14) and tangible support (OR = 2·93). The effects of emotional and tangible support differ between genders. Interaction effects were found for age groups and both emotional and tangible support.Conclusion.  Self‐rated perceived functional social support is associated with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale‐defined depression. In the group of older people who have a lack of social support, women seem to need more emotional support and men tangible support.Relevance to clinical practice.  Health care providers should consider the close association between social support and depression in their continuing care, particularly in the older people.