bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding the RNA polymerase biocatalyst solution space for mRNA manufacture
Authors: Curry Edward , Sedelnikova Svetlana , Rafferty John , Hulley Martyn , Pohle Melinda , Muir George , Brown Adam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAll mRNA products are currently manufactured in in vitro transcription (IVT) reactions that utilize single‐subunit RNA polymerase (RNAP) biocatalysts. Although it is known that discrete polymerases exhibit highly variable bioproduction phenotypes, including different relative processivity rates and impurity generation profiles, only a handful of enzymes are generally available for mRNA biosynthesis. This limited RNAP toolbox restricts strategies to design and troubleshoot new mRNA manufacturing processes, which is particularly undesirable given the continuing diversification of mRNA product lines toward larger and more complex molecules. Herein, we describe development of a high‐throughput RNAP screening platform, comprising complementary in silico and in vitro testing modules, that enables functional characterization of large enzyme libraries. Utilizing this system, we identified eight novel sequence‐diverse RNAPs, with associated active cognate promoters, and subsequently validated their performance as recombinant enzymes in IVT‐based mRNA production processes. By increasing the number of available characterized functional RNAPs by more than 130% and providing a platform to rapidly identify further potentially useful enzymes, this work significantly expands the RNAP biocatalyst solution space for mRNA manufacture, thereby enhancing the capability for application‐specific and molecule‐specific optimization of both product yield and quality.
The potential significance of hepcidin evaluation in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Alster Piotr , Otto‐Ślusarczyk Dagmara , Wiercińska‐Drapało Alicja , Struga Marta , Madetko‐Alster Natalia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionHepcidin is a peptide associated with controlling the distribution of iron in tissues. Growing interest is linked with its impact on neurodegenerative diseases, as disruption of the iron regulation may be considered an initiatory element of pathological protein accumulation. The possible impact of hepcidin was not previously sufficiently explored in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).MethodsTwelve patients with PSP–Richardson's syndrome (PSP–RS), 12 with PSP‐Parkinsonism Predominant (PSP‐P), and 12 controls were examined using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale—III part (UPDRS‐III) in OFF stage and analyzed in the context of hepcidin levels in the serum.ResultsThe work revealed increased levels of hepcidin in PSP–RS when compared to PSP‐P and controls. Moreover, hepcidin was found to be negatively correlated with UPDRS‐III results in PSP–RS, whereas positively in PSP‐P.ConclusionThe work may suggest a possible impact of hepcidin in PSP, possibly differing depending on its subtype.
In‐Situ Generation of Hydrogen Polysulfides (H2Sn) with Thioglucose, Glucose Oxidase, and Chloroperoxidase
Authors: Noor Zannatun , Ni Xiang , Xian Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn) have emerged as critical physiological mediators that are closely associated with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling. H2Sn exhibit greater nucleophilicity than H2S while also having electrophilic characteristics, enabling unique activities such as protein S‐persulfidation. Despite their physiological importance, mechanisms and reactivities of H2Sn remain inadequately explored due to their inherent instability in aqueous environments. Consequently, there is a need to develop biocompatible methods for controlled H2Sn generation to elucidate their behaviors in biological contexts. Herein, we present a dual enzyme system (containing glucose oxidase (GOx) and chloroperoxidase (CPO)) with thioglucose as the substrate to facilitate the controlled release of H2Sn. Fluorescence measurements with SSP4 and the trapping studies allowed us to confirm the production of H2Sn. Such a method may be useful in elucidating the reactivity of hydrogen polysulfides in biological systems as well as provide a potential delivery of H2Sn to target sites for biological applications.
Design and Optimization of Multicomponent Electrolytes for Lithium‐Sulfur Battery: A Machine Learning Concept and Outlook
Authors: Qiu Yanhui , Zuo Xintao , Fu Lichao , Liu Dapeng , Zhang Yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) have attracted increasing attention in the past decades due to their great potential to the next‐generation high‐energy‐density storage systems. As important as electrodes, electrolytes that could strongly determine battery performance via component regulation have left big difficulties in clarifying their complex interactions caused by multicomponent as well as the intricate formation mechanism of passivation layers at the electrolyte‐electrode interfaces. Fortunately, machine learning (ML), which is time‐saving and highly efficient, has played an irreplaceable role in accelerating discovery, design, and optimization of novel electrochemical energy storage materials. In this concept, we summarize the complex issues present in multicomponent electrolytes and focus on optimization of electrolyte formulations based on ML in order to provide an outlook on the recent development and perspectives on LSBs from the viewpoint of high‐performance electrolytes.
Chemocatalytic Oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5‐furandicarboxylic Acid Over Nickel Cobalt Oxide
Authors: Prasad Shivshankar , Kumar Ajay , Dutta Suman , Ahmad Ejaz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study reports the synthesis, characterization, and application of NiCo bimetallic catalysts to produce 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) via the oxidation of bio‐renewable 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). FDCA is a biopolymer precursor and a potential replacement for terephthalic acid (TPA). The catalysts were synthesized via the co‐precipitation method in different molar ratios of NiCo, followed by calcination in a muffle furnace. As a result, the complete conversion of HMF and a maximum 84.89 % FDCA yield was measured at 50 °C in 50 minutes in the presence of NiCo(3 : 1) catalyst. In addition, effect reaction parameters, including catalyst amount, temperature, time, base, and oxidant amount on the FDCA yield, were studied, and the process was optimized. The NiCo(3 : 1) catalyst showed a negligible loss in activity for at least five cycles. The higher catalytic activity and stability are attributed to the synergistic effect of bimetallic catalysts, such as higher lattice oxygen. Accordingly, the catalyst was characterized using BET, XRD, H2‐TPR, CO2‐TPD, HR‐TEM, and XPS to correlate their properties and activity. The reaction products were analyzed quantitatively using HPLC and qualitatively using HR‐MS.
Abstraction of Trifluoroborane from Tetrafluoroborate: Li+‐Assisted Borylation of Nucleophilic Carbenes
Authors: Boisvert Eliza‐Jayne Y. , Ramos Castellanos Richard , Ferguson Michael J. , Fogg Deryn E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe small, lipophilic tetrafluoroborate anion is ubiquitous in the imidazol(in)ium and iminium precursors to N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), including cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs). Its symmetrical distribution of charge over four highly electronegative fluorine atoms confers high stability, attenuating basicity while shielding the boron center. Here we report that this inertness does not withstand the nucleophilicity of free carbenes, when combined with a polarizing lithium cation. Reaction of CAAC ⋅ HBF4 salts with LiN(SiMe3)2, a protocol widely used to liberate free CAACs, generates zwitterionic CAAC‐BF3 adducts within minutes at 80 °C, or hours at room temperature, even for bulky N‐diisopropylphenyl (DIPP) CAACs. Imidazol(in)ium tetrafluoroborates likewise form NHC‐BF3 adducts in excellent yields.
The Influence of Alkali Cations on the Performance of Pt Electrodes in Kolbe Electrolysis of Acetic Acid
Authors: Ashraf Talal , Mei Bastian Timo , Mul Guido 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrochemical decarboxylation of carboxylic acids is considered a sustainable method to improve the quality of pyrolysis oil. In this study, we assess the effect of monovalent alkali cations (of the acetates) on the performance of Pt electrodes in acid decarboxylation and the competing OER, using various electrochemical methods. We reveal a strong cation dependence generally following the trend Li+<Na+<K+~Cs+ within a large pH range. Using rotating ring disc electrode measurements, we highlight the strong contribution of the oxygen evolution reaction particularly for electrolytes containing Li+ and Na+ which decreases the selectivity for Kolbe oxidation. In addition, the faradaic efficiency (FE) towards methanol ranges between 16 % (for Li+) and 29 % (for Cs+) at high solution pH (9 or 12). The observed trends are generally explained by a cation‐dependent interfacial pH and surface coverage of acetate, both lowest for Li. This is evident from differences in charge transfer resistance determined by impedance measurements and local pH measurements. Additionally, enhanced dissolution of Pt by Li+ is also proposed. This work highlights that K+ and Cs+ cations favor FE for electrochemical Kolbe oxidation, at relatively low current densities.
Topological proton regulation of interlayered local structure in sodium titanite for wide‐temperature sodium storage
Authors: Tian Ru‐Ning , Zhao Siwei , Lv Zhuoran , Lu Guozhong , Fu Mengnuo , Chen Jingjing , Wang Dajian , Dong Chenlong , Mao Zhiyong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping high‐capacity and high‐rate anodes is significant to engineering sodium‐ion batteries with high energy density and high power density. Layered Na2Ti3O7 (NTO), with an open crystal structure, large theoretical capacity, and low working potential, is recognized as one of the prospective anodes for sodium storage. Nevertheless, it suffers from sluggish sodiation kinetics and low (micro)structure stability triggered by a high Na+ diffusion barrier and weak adhesion of [Ti3O7] slabs. Herein, the interlayered local structure of NTO is regulated to solve the above issues, in which parts of interlayered Na+ sites are substituted by H+ (Na2−xHxTi3O7 [NHTO]). Theoretical calculations prove that the NHTO offers lower activation energy for Na+ transports and low interlayer spacings with alleviated Na–Na repulsion and relatively flexible [Ti3O7] slabs to reduce fractural stress. In situ and ex situ characterizations of (micro)structure evolution reveal that NHTO goes through transformation between H‐rich and Na‐rich phases, resulting in high structure stability and microstructure integrity. The optimal NHTO anode delivers a high capacity of 190.6 mA h g−1 at 0.5 C after 300 cycles and a superior high‐rate stability of 90.6 mA h g−1 at 50 C over 10,000 cycles at room temperature. Besides, it offers a capacity of 50.3 mA h g−1 after 1800 cycles at a low temperature of −20°C and 195.7 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at a high temperature of 40°C at 0.5 C. The developed topologically interlayered local structure regulation strategy would raise the prospect of designing high‐performance layered anodes.
Dynamically frequency‐tunable and environmentally stable microwave absorbers
Authors: Liu Xiao , Wu Lihong , Liu Jun , Lv Haiming , Mou Pengpeng , Shi Shaohua , Yu Lei , Wan Gengping , Wang Guizhen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe threat to information security from electromagnetic pollution has sparked widespread interest in the development of microwave absorption materials (MAMs). Although considerable progress has been made in high‐performance MAMs, little attention was paid to their absorption frequency regulation to respond to variable input frequencies and their stability and durability to cope with complex environments. Here, a highly compressible polyimide‐packaging carbon nanocoils/carbon foam (PI@CNCs/CF) fabricated by a facile vacuum impregnation method is reported to be used as a dynamically frequency‐tunable and environmentally stable microwave absorber. PI@CNCs/CF exhibits good structural stability and mechanical properties, which allows precise absorption frequency tuning by simply changing its compression ratio. For the first time, the tunable effective absorption bandwidth can cover the whole test frequency band (2−18 GHz) with the broadest effective absorption bandwidth of 10.8 GHz and the minimum reflection loss of −60.5 dB. Moreover, PI@CNCs/CF possesses excellent heat insulation, infrared stealth, self‐cleaning, flame retardant, and acid‐alkali corrosion resistance, which endows it high reliability even under various harsh environments and repeated compression testing. The frequency‐tunable mechanism is elucidated by combining experiment and simulation results, possibly guiding in designing dynamically frequency‐tunable MAMs with good environmental stability in the future.
Self‐immolative Polymer Hydrogels via In Situ Gelation
Authors: Pardy Jared D. , Tavsanli Burak , Sirianni Quinton E. A. , Gillies Elizabeth R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydrogels are of interest for a wide range of applications. The ability to control when the hydrogel degrades can provide beneficial properties such as controlled degradation in the environment or the stimulated release of drugs or cells. Self‐immolative polymers are a class of degradable polymers that undergo complete end‐to‐end depolymerization upon the application of a stimulus. They have been explored for hydrogel development, but the ability to prepare and selectively degrade self‐immolative hydrogels under neutral aqueous conditions has so far been limited. We describe here the preparation of water‐soluble polyglyoxylamides with cross‐linkable pendent azides and their cross‐linking to form hydrogels with 4‐arm poly(ethylene glycol)s having unstrained and strained alkynes using copper‐assisted and strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne click chemistry respectively. The influence of pendent azide density and solution polymer content on the resulting hydrogels was evaluated. A polyglyoxylamide with a 70 : 30 ratio of pendent hydroxyl:azide successfully provided hydrogels with compressive moduli ranging from 1.3–6.3 kPa under copper‐free conditions at 10–20 % (w/w) of polymer in phosphate‐buffered saline. Selective depolymerization and degradation of the hydrogels upon irradiation with light was demonstrated, resulting in reductions in the compressive moduli and the release of depolymerization products that were detected by NMR spectroscopy.
Correlation between the number of interstitial neurons of the white matter and number of neurons within cortical layers: Histological analyses in postnatal macaque
Authors: Ahmed Bashir , Duque Alvaro , Rakic Pasko , Molnár Zoltán 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe have examined the number and distribution of NeuN‐immunoreactive cortical white matter interstitial cells (WMICs) and compared them to the neurons in layers 1–6 across the overlying cortex in coronal sections from postnatal macaques. The data have been gathered from over 300 selected regions at gyral crowns, at sulci, and at linear regions of the cortex where we also determined cortical layer thicknesses: standard thicknesses and tangential thicknesses. Cortical thicknesses and cell numbers showed variability according to gyral, linear, or sulcal regions. In spite of these variations, our standardized cell numbers in layers 1 to 6b and interstitial cells underlying layer 6b‐white matter boundary have shown a consistent correlation between the number of WMICs and the number of layer 5 and 6a cortical neurons on all cortical regions studied: for each WMIC, there are on the order of five cortical neurons in layer 5 and approximately three cortical neurons in layer 6a, irrespective of the origins of the selected cortical area or whether they are from gyral, linear, or sulcal regions. We propose that the number of interstitial neurons in the postnatal macaque cortex is correlated to the density of neurons within layers 5 and 6a and, from a clinical perspective, the change in density or distribution of interstitial neurons in schizophrenia or epilepsy may in fact be linked to the number of layers 5 and 6a neurons.
2D/2D Heterojunction of Cobalt‐Iron Selenide Nanolamellas/MXene for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhu Fengyi , Liu Chen , Hao Linlin , Xu Chenyu , Zhu Yingkun , Liu Xiaying , He Haiyan , Huang Huajie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is considered to be a green and flexible strategy for the mass production of hydrogen fuel, while the high cost and insufficent activity of current cathode catalysts severely suffocate the widespread thriving of hydrogen economy. Herein, we present a bottom‐up assembly strategy to the controllable construction of 2D/2D heterojunctions built from cobalt‐iron selenide nanolamellas and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. This unique architectural design gives the resulting CoyFe1‐ySe2/Ti3C2Tx catalysts a series of interesting structural advantages, such as 2D/2D heterostructure, large active surface areas, modulated electronic structure, uniform CoyFe1‐ySe2 dispersion, and good electron conductivity, thereby leading to strong synergistic coupling effects. As a consequence, the optimized Co0.7Fe0.3Se2/Ti3C2Tx electrocatalyst with an appropriate Co/Fe ratio possesses unusual hydrogen evolution properties in terms of a low overpotential of 69 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 51 mV dec−1 and reliable long‐term durability, which are more competitive than those of bare Ti3C2Tx, FeSe2 and CoSe catalysts.
Common and novel haplotype structures between different types of cancer
Authors: Gholami Morteza 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundBackground: Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of genetic variants associated with cancer risk. GWAS data are important for cancer prevention and understanding the underlying mechanisms of cancer.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the genetic association between different types of cancer using GWAS data and a bioinformatics approach.Methods and resultsThe significant GWAS variants associated with more than one cancer type were identified. Common linkage disequilibrium (LD) variants between different types of cancer were identified by 1000 genomes phase 3 LD data. Haplotype blocks were identified by analyzing 1000 Genomes phase 3 genotyping data in the GWAS populations. Subsequent analyses included functional SNP analyses and TCGA gene expression. The results associated with significant GWAS variants (P<5E‐8) showed the following haplotype associations in European population: GT rs4808075‐rs8170 haplotype on BABAM1 with breast and ovarian cancers, GC rs16857609‐rs11693806 haplotype on DIRC3 with breast and thyroid cancers, GCG rs380286‐rs401681‐rs31487 haplotype on CLPTM1L with skin and lung cancers, GGG rs4430796‐rs11651052‐rs11263763 haplotype on HNF1B with prostate and endometrial cancers, and GT rs10505477‐rs6983267 haplotype on CASC8 associated with colorectal and prostate cancers. All these genes had significantly different expressions in tumor tissues (P<1E‐3). In addition, the rs11693806 variant is located in the hsa‐miR‐873‐5p binding site and has an enhancing effect on the hsa‐miR‐873‐5p:DIRC3 interaction.ConclusionThese novel haplotype structures and miRNA:lncRNA interactions are important for understanding the common genetic link between cancers. These results can potentially be used in genetic panels.
A case report of renal cell carcinoma metastasis revealed through late‐onset thyroid nodules
Authors: Khalafi‐Nezhad Abolfazl , Zamani Ali , Amini Mahya , Negahban Shahrzad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common and prevalent cancers all around the world with a prevalence of 3%. Approximately twenty percent of patients present with metastasis at the time of diagnosis, while late metastasis in renal cell carcinoma is a quite familiar phenomenon. Head and neck and particularly thyroid metastasis from RCC are rare events.CaseWe present a case of a 75‐year‐old woman who developed thyroid nodules 13 years after nephrectomy for RCC. Diagnosis confirmed metastatic RCC through clinical history, histomorphology, and immunohistochemistry. Imaging studies revealed thyroid lesions without metastasis in other organs. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and remains symptom‐free after 2 years of follow‐up.ConclusionThis case highlights the importance of considering metastatic lesions is crucial in managing thyroid nodules in patients with a history of cancer, particularly RCC.
The Molecular Design and Electroluminescent Performance of Near‐Infrared (NIR) Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing Isoquinoline‐, Phthalazine‐ and Phenazine‐Based Ligands
Authors: Zhu Chengyun , Liu Lina , Yang Xiaolong , Zhou Guijiang , Sun Yuanhui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) light has characteristics of invisibility to human eyes, less background interference, low light scattering, and strong cell penetration. Therefore, NIR luminescent materials have significant applications in imaging, sensing, energy, information storage and display. The development of NIR luminescent materials thus has emerged as a highly dynamic area of research in the realm of contemporary materials. To date, NIR luminescent materials are roughly divided into inorganic materials and organic materials. Compared with inorganic materials, organic NIR luminescent materials have become a hot research topic in recent years due to their rich sources, easy control of structure, simple preparation process, low cost, and good film‐forming properties. Among them, iridium(III) [Ir(III)] complexes exhibit excellent properties such as thermal stability, simple synthesis, easy color modulation, short excited state lifetimes, and high brightness, thus becoming one of the ideal luminescent material systems for preparing high‐quality organic light‐emitting diodes. Therefore, how to obtain Ir(III) complexes with NIR emission and high efficiency through molecular design is a necessary and promising research topic. This work reviews the research progress of representative NIR Ir(III) complexes bearing isoquinoline‐, phenazine‐, and phthalazine‐based ligands reported in recent years and introduces the design strategies and electroluminescent performances of NIR Ir(III) complexes.
Corporate governance mechanisms and carbon disclosure: A multilevel and multitheory literature survey
Authors: Ali Waris , Wilson Jeffrey , Frynas Jedrzej George 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study provides a comprehensive review and synthesis of 62 empirical studies on corporate governance drivers of carbon disclosure. We reveal that companies are experiencing pressure for carbon disclosure at multiple levels. At the macro‐level, pressures from regulatory institutions, normative institutions, financial markets, media, society, and economic cost were the most influential factors driving carbon disclosure. At the meso‐level, peer pressure from companies in similar industries as well as owners and investors influenced carbon disclosure. At the micro‐level, board diversity, board independence, and internal organizational systems explained the likelihood and commitment to carbon disclosure. In addition, we comprehensively reviewed and synthesized the theoretical lenses that have been used in scholarship on the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on carbon disclosure. Our study is the first multitheory and multilevel literature review on the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on carbon disclosure.