bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation and visualization of large‐scale three‐dimensional reconstructions from underwater robotic surveys
Authors: Johnson‐Roberson Matthew , Pizarro Oscar , Williams Stefan B. , Mahon Ian 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRobust, scalable simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms support the successful deployment of robots in real‐world applications. In many cases these platforms deliver vast amounts of sensor data from large‐scale, unstructured environments. These data may be difficult to interpret by end users without further processing and suitable visualization tools. We present a robust, automated system for large‐scale three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and visualization that takes stereo imagery from an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and SLAM‐based vehicle poses to deliver detailed 3D models of the seafloor in the form of textured polygonal meshes. Our system must cope with thousands of images, lighting conditions that create visual seams when texturing, and possible inconsistencies between stereo meshes arising from errors in calibration, triangulation, and navigation. Our approach breaks down the problem into manageable stages by first estimating local structure and then combining these estimates to recover a composite georeferenced structure using SLAM‐based vehicle pose estimates. A texture‐mapped surface at multiple scales is then generated that is interactively presented to the user through a visualization engine. We adapt established solutions when possible, with an emphasis on quickly delivering approximate yet visually consistent reconstructions on standard computing hardware. This allows scientists on a research cruise to use our system to design follow‐up deployments of the AUV and complementary instruments. To date, this system has been tested on several research cruises in Australian waters and has been used to reliably generate and visualize reconstructions for more than 60 dives covering diverse habitats and representing hundreds of linear kilometers of survey. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analyzing longitudinal data with patients in different disease states during follow‐up and death as final state
Authors: le Cessie Saskia , de Vries Elisabeth G. E. , Buijs Ciska , Post Wendy J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper considers the analysis of longitudinal data complicated by the fact that during follow‐up patients can be in different disease states, such as remission, relapse or death. If both the response of interest (for example, quality of life (QOL)) and the amount of missing data depend on this disease state, ignoring the disease state will yield biased means. Death as the final state is an additional complication because no measurements after death are taken and often the outcome of interest is undefined after death.We discuss a new approach to model these types of data. In our approach the probability to be in each of the different disease states over time is estimated using multi‐state models. In each different disease state, the conditional mean given the disease state is modeled directly. Generalized estimation equations are used to estimate the parameters of the conditional means, with inverse probability weights to account for unobserved responses.This approach shows the effect of the disease state on the longitudinal response. Furthermore, it yields estimates of the overall mean response over time, either conditionally on being alive or after imputing predefined values for the response after death. Graphical methods to visualize the joint distribution of disease state and response are discussed.As an example, the analysis of a Dutch randomized clinical trial for breast cancer is considered. In this study, the long‐term impact on the QOL for two different chemotherapy schedules was studied with three disease states: alive without relapse, alive after relapse and death. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymer Adhesion at the Solid–Liquid Interface Probed by a Single–Molecule Force Sensor
Authors: Geisler Michael , Balzer Bizan N. , Hugel Thorsten 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA method based on atomic force microscopy is used to delineate the properties that determine single‐molecule adhesion onto solid substrates in aqueous environment. Hydrophobicity as well as electrical properties of the substrate and the polymer are varied. In addition, the influence of the solvent composition, in particular the effect of ions, on the molecular adhesion at the solid–liquid interface is studied. Surprisingly, the polymer and surface‐related properties account for only small changes in adhesion force, while dissolved ions show a much larger effect. These results point towards the energy of solvation as the most important contribution to adhesion for a wide variety of polymers and substrate materials.
A Nanoelectronic Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Proteins in Physiological Solutions
Authors: Stern Eric , Vacic Aleksandar , Li Chao , Ishikawa Fumiaki N. , Zhou Chongwu , Reed Mark A. , Fahmy Tarek M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSemiconducting nanowires are promising ultrasensitive, label‐free sensors for small molecules, DNA, proteins, and cellular function. Nanowire field‐effect transistors (FETs) function by sensing the charge of a bound molecule. However, solutions of physiological ionic strength compromise the detection of specific binding events due to ionic (Debye) screening. A general solution to this limitation with the development of a hybrid nanoelectronic enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ne‐ELISA) that combines the power of enzymatic conversion of a bound substrate with electronic detection is demonstrated. This novel configuration produces a local enzyme‐mediated pH change proportional to the bound ligand concentration. It is shown that nanowire FETs configured as pH sensors can be used for the quantitative detection of interleukin‐2 in physiologically buffered solution at concentrations as low as 1.6 pg mL−1. By successfully bypassing the Debye screening inherent in physiological fluids, the ne‐ELISA promises wide applicability for ligand detection in a range of relevant solutions.
A biting‐down approach to hierarchical decomposition of object‐oriented systems based on structure analysis
Authors: Zhang Lu , Luo Jing , Li He , Sun Jiasu , Mei Hong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSystem decomposition has been widely viewed as an effective means to facilitate the comprehension of complex software systems and/or capture potentially reusable components in them. In fact, various approaches to system decomposition have been intensively documented in the literature. However, during the process of system decomposition, only a few of them can also capture the target system's hierarchical organization structure, which is essential when the target system is very complex. In this paper, we present a biting‐down approach to hierarchical decomposition of object‐oriented systems. Compared with the previous hierarchical approaches, the distinct features of this approach are as follows. First, our approach does not rely on agglomeration, and thus can avoid some unnecessary calculations. Second, our approach does not require merging nodes when performing high‐level decomposition, and thus can avoid imprecision induced by the merging. To evaluate our approach, we conducted a case study and an experimental study on our approach. The results of these studies can confirm its effectiveness and its superiority over our previous approach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Case study of a 40‐storey buckling‐restrained braced frame building located in Los Angeles
Authors: Dutta Anindya , Hamburger Ronald O. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSimpson Gumpertz & Heger has prepared two prototypical designs for a 40‐storey buckling‐restrained braced steel‐framed office building located at a generic site in Los Angeles, CA. One of these designs conforms in all respects, except height limits with the design criteria contained in the 2007 California Building Code and ASCE 7.05 Standard for Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. The second design has been conducted using a performance‐based approach generally based on the criteria contained in guidelines published by the Los Angeles Tall Buildings Council. The performance‐based design incorporates fewer bays of bracing and lighter members than the code‐based design, but is intended to provide performance at least equivalent to that anticipated for code‐designed buildings. The purpose of this work was to permit study of the performance capability of buildings designed to alternative criteria. This work was performed in support and under funding provided by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center's Tall Buildings Initiative. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Divide‐ and conquer‐based surveillance framework using robots, sensor nodes, and RFID tags
Authors: Xiao Yang , Zhang Yanping 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSensor networks are adopted in many surveillance applications. A traditional method for such applications is to deploy sensor nodes all over the surveillance region in order to cover as much area as possible. However, this way not only waste huge amounts of money for sensor nodes and resources, but it is also unnecessary and unrealistic sometimes. It provides huge amounts of garbage in the form of dead sensor nodes and batteries. It invokes many data collisions and places a serious burden on network protocols. In many applications, we have no need to have detail on every point inside the area, but only in some critical places. For example, in a forest fire surveillance application, covering the whole forest is unnecessary and unrealistic. In this paper, we propose a divide‐ and conquer‐based surveillance framework, in which a large surveillance area is divided into small areas by critical points and critical lines. Sensor nodes, sinks, robots, and RFID tags are all used. We only deploy sensor nodes along critical lines instead of all over the region. Our aim is to do surveillance with efficient deployment of sensor nodes and sinks, and to detect, track, and even capture targets, e.g., an intrusion tank or forest fire, with the collaboration of robots and sensor nodes. We study boundary coverage along critical lines. Robots perform tasks of patrolling, handling incidents, communicating with sensor nodes/sinks, and even being capable of deploying/throwing‐out sensor nodes/RFID tags. Finally, we evaluate perimeter coverage, robot patrol routing, and so on. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SCLDGM coded modulation for MIMO systems with spatial multiplexing and space‐time block codes
Authors: González‐López Miguel , Vázquez‐Araújo Francisco J. , Castedo Luis , Garcia‐Frias Javier 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe analyze Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output (MIMO) coded modulation systems where either Bit‐Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) with spatial multiplexing or concatenation of channel coding and Space‐Time Block Codes (STBCs) is used at transmission, assuming iterative Turbo‐like decoding at reception. We optimize Serially‐Concatenated Low‐Density Generator Matrix (SCLDGM) codes (a subclass of LDPC codes) for each system configuration, with the goal of assessing its ability to approach the capacity limits in either ergodic or quasi‐static channels. Our focus is on three relevant STBCs: the Orthogonal Space‐Time Block Codes (OSTBCs) for two transmit antennas (i.e., the Alamouti code), which enables optimum detection with low complexity; the Golden code, which provides a capacity increase with respect to the input constellation; and Linear Dispersion (LD) codes, which enable practical detection in asymmetrical antenna configurations (i.e., more transmit than receive antennas) for cases in which optimum detection is infeasible. We conclude that BICM without concatenation with STBCs is in general the best option, except for Alamouti‐coded 2×1 and Golden‐coded 2×2 MIMO systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphoproteomics
Authors: Ozlu Nurhan , Akten Bikem , Timm Wiebke , Haseley Nathan , Steen Hanno , Steen Judith A.J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCurrent analytical protein methods show phosphorylation to be the most ubiquitous, evolutionary conserved post‐translational modification Post‐Translational Modification (PTM). The reversible and transient nature of protein phosphorylation allows signal transduction pathways to carry out diverse cellular functions. From bacteria to humans, phosphorylation serves to modify protein function by altering protein stability, cellular location, substrate affinity, complex formation, and activity; thus allowing essential events such as cell cycle and growth to occur at precise times and locations. Phosphorylation controls a variety of events at many biological levels including: housekeeping activities controlled by single cells such as DNA transcription, cell‐cycle regulation, and energy metabolism; and cellular processes that involve signaling between cells or the environment including such as neuronal migration and immune system recognition. This review summarizes state‐of‐the‐art proteomics technologies available to study phosphorylation in biological systems. We highlight the tremendous steps the field has made in the last 5 years which allow quantitative global analyses while pointing out caveats in experimentation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling
A game-theoretic framework for specification and verification of cryptographic protocols
Authors: Saleh Mohamed , Debbabi Mourad 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe model security protocols as games using concepts of game semantics. Using this model we ascribe semantics to protocols written in the standard simple arrow notation. According to the semantics, a protocol is interpreted as a set of strategies over a game tree that represents the type of the protocol. The model uses abstract computation functions and message frames in order to model internal computations and knowledge of agents and the intruder. Moreover, in order to specify properties of the model, a logic that deals with games and strategies is developed. A tableau-based proof system is given for the logic, which can serve as a basis for a model checking algorithm. This approach allows us to model a wide range of security protocol types and verify different properties instead of using a variety of methods as is currently the practice. Furthermore, the analyzed protocols are specified using only the simple arrow notation heavily used by protocol designers and by practitioners.
Distal pancreatectomy with preservation of the spleen
Authors: Warshaw Andrew L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDistal pancreatectomy (resection of the pancreatic body and tail) can be performed with or without preservation of the spleen. Splenic preservation has the advantages of fewer postoperative complications such as abscesses in the resection bed, shorter length of hospitalization, and avoidance of the long‐term risk of post‐splenectomy sepsis related to encapsulated bacteria. Two techniques can be used to save the spleen: either by dissecting out the splenic artery and vein with division of the arterial and venous branches between the pancreas and the splenic artery and vein; or by resecting the splenic artery and vein along with the pancreas but with careful preservation of the vascular collaterals in the splenic hilum, which allows the spleen to survive on the short gastric vessels (Warshaw technique). The latter method has been shown to be associated with a shorter operation, less blood loss, and a shorter hospitalization. In general the Warshaw technique is easier, especially for laparoscopic pancreatectomy. The subsequent appearance of enlarged gastric veins (varices) is to be expected as a consequence of loss of the splenic vein but has not led to bleeding from these natural collaterals during long‐term follow up.
Predictors of early precocious talking: A prospective population study
Authors: SKEAT JEMMA , WAKE MELISSA , REILLY SHEENA , EADIE PATRICIA , BRETHERTON LESLEY , BAVIN EDITH L. , UKOUMUNNE OBIOHA C. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis study examines potential predictors of ‘precocious talking’ (expressive language ⩾90th percentile) at one and two years of age, and of ‘stability’ in precocious talking across both time periods, drawing on data from a prospective community cohort comprising over 1,800 children. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between precocious talking and the following potential predictors: gender, birth order, birth weight, non-English speaking background, socioeconomic status, maternal age, maternal mental health scores, and vocabulary and educational attainment of parents. The strongest predictors of precocity (being female and having a younger mother) warrant further exploration. Overall, however, it appears that precocity in early vocabulary development is not strongly influenced by the variables examined, which together explained just 2·6% and 1% of the variation at 1 ; 0 and 2 ; 0 respectively.
Interrelationships of plant health and the sustainability of agriculture, with special reference to plant diseases
Authors: Cook R. James 
Published: October 2009

AbstractU.S. crops have the potential routinely to produce 15–25% more, and in some cases 100% more, with no more water or fertilizer, but are prevented from doing so by diseases, nematodes, arthropod pests, and weeds. It is not compatible with the goals of a sustainable agriculture to fertilize, cultivate, and water for maximum production, but then allow diseases and pests to limit actual yields to some fraction of what was paid for with the capital investments and agronomic inputs. In eastern Washington and adjacent northern Idaho (The Palouse), wheat generally yields 4,800–6,200 kg/ha in years of normal precipitation (45–55 cm), but yields 6,900–9,000 kg/ha with the same water and fertilizer if the soil is fumigated to eliminate root disease organisms and weeds, and the plants are protected from rusts, pseudocercosporella foot rot, and aphids. Some practical alternatives to soil fumigation (depending on the value of the crop) include crop rotation, tillage, flooding the soil, heating the soil (using clear plastic tarp or by burning residue on the soil surface), and organic amendments that intensify the biological stresses on pathogen propagules in soil. Other disease controls include using pathogen-free planting material, maintaining a diversity of genetic resistance, and adjusting planting date and method of seeding to escape pathogens. Some of the emerging technologies include improved serological and molecular methods for diagnosing pathogens, microorganisms that kill pathogen propagules in soil or protect the plant, simulation models of epidemics to forecast disease outbreaks, and integrated pest management systems. Better experimental a pproaches are needed to identify and determine the priorities of the combinations of biotic and abiotic factors that limit yields, and more attention should be given to holistic plant health care.
Midwestern organic farming: A ten-year follow-up
Authors: Lockeretz William , Madden Patrick 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA mailed survey was sent to 174 Midwestern organic farmers originally studied in 1977. We obtained information on 133 of this group, 96 of whom are still farming at the same location, although 12 no longer use organic methods. Fifty-eight currently active farmers returned a detailed questionnaire that covered their perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of organic farming, some of their practices, and their financial status. Most farmers who employed organic farming methods stated they did so out of concern for the health of themselves, their families, and their livestock. Compared to ten years ago, philosophical or religious considerations were less frequently mentioned as an advantage of organic farming. In contrast, some agronomic and management disadvantages of organic f arming were mentioned more often. The farmers now are more tolerant, in principle, of some chemicals not generally accepted in organic farming, but regular use of soluble fertilizers and synthetic pesticides has not increased appreciably. The farmers reported little change in the institutional and social environment for organic agriculture, including available markets, information sources, and the attitudes of their neighbors.
Influence of alternative and conventional agricultural management on soil microbial processes and nitrogen availability
Authors: Doran John W. , Fraser Daniel G. , Culik Martin N. , Liebhardt William C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMicrobial activities important to effects on crop productivity and nutrient cycling can be altered by agricultural management practices. This study was conducted to determine whether soil microbial populations and their N cycling activities differ between conventional and alternative management practices. Physical, chemical, and microbial soil properties were measured at soil depth intervals of 0 to 7.5, 7.5 to 15, and 15 to 30 cm at a site in southeastern Pennsylvania during the second and fifth years after conversion from a conventional, chemically intensive system to alternative systems utilizing legumes and animal manure as N sources. In the second year after conversion, populations of fungi and bacteria, dehydrogenase activity, and soil respiration in the surface soil layer were greatest with alternative systems planted to red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Differences in soil biological factors between management systems were related primarily to crop characteristics and, to a lesser extent, to soil physical properties. Levels of microbial populations and activities with conventional management were the same as with alternative management systems when similar crops such as corn (Zea mays L.) or soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] were grown. Soil NO3-N contents, at most sampling depths, were markedly increased by application of fertilizer N or recent plow-down of red clover or hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth). The growth of red clover in the second year or hairy vetch in the fifth year was accompanied by significantly increased microbial biomass and potentially mineralizable N (PMN) reserves in the top 30-cm soil layer-these changes being most pronounced in the surface 0- to 7.5-cm layer. Nitrogen deficiency symptoms and lower corn grain yields in a legume/cash grain rotation as compared with conventional management in the second year were associated with lower soil NO3, levels and a greater proportion of N present as weed biomass and belowground microbial biomass. In 1985, management systems comparisons were limited to corn as the main crop; soil NO3 levels during the growing season were inversely related to soil microbial biomass and PMN levels where hairy vetch was overseeded and incorporated as green manure by plowing before corn planting. Under the conditions of this study, the use of chemicals had little effect on microbial populations, their activity, or the cycling of nitrogen. Cropping systems-in particular, the growth of red clover or hairy vetch—profoundly influenced soil microbial biomass levels and soil pools of organic and available NO3-N during the growing season. Competitiveness of alternative management systems employing legumes as? sources for grain crops may depend largely on the grower's ability to synchronize supplies of available soil N with periods of maximum uptake by grain crops.