bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactions of Imidoyl Isoselenocyanates with Aromatic 2‐Amino N‐Heterocycles and 1‐Methyl‐1H‐imidazole
Authors: Zhou YuehuiDong , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe reaction of N‐phenylimidoyl isoselenocyanates 1 with 2‐amino‐1,3‐thiazoles 10 in acetone proceeded smoothly at room temperature to give 4H‐1,3‐thiazolo[3,2‐a] [1,3,5]triazine‐4‐selones 13 in fair yields (Scheme 2). Under the same conditions, 1 and 2‐amino‐3‐methylpyridine (11) underwent an addition reaction, followed by a spontaneous oxidation, to yield the 3H‐4λ4‐[1,2,4]selenadiazolo[1′,5′:1,5] [1,2,4]selenadiazolo[2,3‐a]pyridine 14 (Scheme 3). The structure of 14 was established by X‐ray crystallography (Fig. 1). Finally, the reaction of 1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazole (12) and 1 led to 3‐methyl‐1‐(N‐phenylbenzimidoyl)‐1H‐imidazolium selenocyanates 15 (Scheme 4). In all three cases, an initially formed selenourea derivative is proposed as an intermediate.
Efficient inclusion of receptor flexibility in grid‐based protein–ligand docking*
Authors: Leis Simon , Zacharias Martin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAccounting for receptor flexibility is an essential component of successful protein–ligand docking but still marks a major computational challenge. For many target molecules of pharmaceutical relevance, global backbone conformational changes are relevant during the ligand binding process. However, popular methods that represent the protein receptor molecule as a potential grid typically assume a rigid receptor structure during ligand–receptor docking. A new approach has been developed that combines inclusion of global receptor flexibility with the efficient potential grid representation of the receptor molecule. This is achieved using interpolation between grid representations of the receptor protein deformed in selected collective degrees of freedom. The method was tested on the docking of three ligands to apo protein kinase A (PKA), an enzyme that undergoes global structural changes upon inhibitor binding. Structural variants of PKA were generated along the softest normal mode of an elastic network representation of apo PKA. Inclusion of receptor deformability during docking resulted in a significantly improved docking performance compared with rigid PKA docking, thus allowing for systematic virtual screening applications at small additional computational cost. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Methodological evaluation and comparison of five urinary albumin measurements
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Gang , Cui Xiao‐Fan , Zhang Dong‐Ling , Yang Qing‐Hong , Mu Xiao‐Yan , Pan Wen‐Jie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground: Microalbuminuria is an indicator of kidney damage and a risk factor for the progression kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and so on. Therefore, accurate and precise measurement of urinary albumin is critical. However, there are no reference measurement procedures and reference materials for urinary albumin. Methods: Nephelometry, turbidimetry, colloidal gold method, radioimmunoassay, and chemiluminescence immunoassay were performed for methodological evaluation, based on imprecision test, recovery rate, linearity, haemoglobin interference rate, and verified reference interval. Then we tested 40 urine samples from diabetic patients by each method, and compared the result between assays. Results: The results indicate that nephelometry is the method with best analytical performance among the five methods, with an average intraassay coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.6%, an average interassay CV of 1.7%, a mean recovery of 99.6%, a linearity of R=1.00 from 2 to 250 mg/l, and an interference rate of <10% at haemoglobin concentrations of <1.82 g/l. The correlation (r) between assays was from 0.701 to 0.982, and the Bland–Altman plots indicated each assay provided significantly different results from each other. Conclusion: Nephelometry is the clinical urinary albumin method with best analytical performance in our study. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:324–329, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic and prognostic role of serum glypican 3 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Özkan Hasan , Erdal Harun , Koçak Erdem , Tutkak Hüseyin , Karaeren Zihni , Yakut Mustafa , Köklü Seyfettin 
Published: September 2011

Abstractα‐Feto protein (AFP) is the widely used tumor marker in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic validity of a novel marker, serum Glypican‐3 (GPC3) and to compare AFP in patients with HCC. One hundred and twenty‐eight patients (75 patients with HCC, 55 patients with cirrhosis, and 28 healthy controls) were included in this study. Cut‐off value of GPC3 was 3.9 pg/ml. AFP was divided into four subgroups, according to cut‐off values with 13, 20, 100, and 200 ng/ml. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of GPC3 and AFP13, AFP20, AFP100, AFP200 subgroups and also GPC3+AFP13, GPC3+AFP20, GPC3+AFP100, GPC3+AFP200 combinations were compared. Serum GPC3 levels were significantly higher in patients with HCC and cirrhosis compared with control subjects (P<0.05). The median serum GPC3 levels were 3.9 pg/ml in controls, 5.51 pg/ml in patients with cirrhosis, and 5.13 pg/ml in those with HCC. The median serum AFP levels were 1.37 ng/ml in controls, 2.32 ng/ml in cirrhotics, and 50.65 ng/ml in HCC patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of GPC3 was 61.33, 41.82, 58.97, and 44.43%, respectively. The values for AFP were 68.57, 94.55, 94.12, and 70.27%, respectively. There was no correlation between GPC3 levels and prognostic parameters. GPC3 is not a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for HCC. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:350–353, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The organizational science of disaster/terrorism prevention and response: Theory‐building toward the future of the field
Authors: James Keith 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe organizational science of disaster and terrorism is underdeveloped. In an effort to help promote it and, based on a review of existing literature as well as lessons learned from the process of developing the special issue, two models and derived sample propositions for future research are offered. The models span multiple levels and use system, network, and identity theories to tie together key constructs. Existing conceptual views of, and research on, organizations and disaster/terrorism are considered, and missing and under‐researched concepts are identified. Proposed linkages among constructs are offered to produce nomological networks for the organizational science of disaster/terrorism intended to help guide the future development of the field. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete ACL/MCL deficiency induces variable degrees of instability in sheep with specific kinematic abnormalities correlating with degrees of early osteoarthritis
Authors: Frank Cyril B. , Beveridge Jillian E. , Huebner Kyla D. , Heard Bryan J. , Tapper Janet E. , O'Brien Etienne J. O. , Shrive Nigel G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPeople are not equally disabled by combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)/medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries, nor do they all develop osteoarthritis (OA). Although biological/biomechanical causes are not clear, some association presumably exists between joint instability and OA development. We hypothesized that degree of OA development following standardized complete ACL/MCL injuries will vary directly with the degree of biomechanical abnormality between individuals. Three groups of sheep were used to test the hypothesis: 17 normal, 9 ACL/MCL transected, and 7 sham animals. Normal joints were assessed morphologically while sham and experimental animals had gait assessment pre‐ and at 4 and 20 weeks post‐surgery, with cartilage and bone changes being mapped and graded at sacrifice at 20 weeks. Sham joints were morphologically normal and had only one minor kinematic change at 20 weeks. Although variable, ACL/MCL deficient animals showed significant kinematic abnormalities in 4/6 degrees of freedom (DOFs), as well as cartilage/bone damage by 20 weeks (p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis revealed that changes in medial–lateral (ML) translation were related to the current level of joint degradation as represented by total gross OA score (p = 0.0044, R2 = 0.71) in the ACL/MCL transected group. Even identical ACL/MCL injuries result in inter‐animal variations in instability and OA, however significant kinematic abnormalities in ML translation do relate to early OA in sheep. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:384–392, 2012
Short‐term muscle atrophy caused by botulinum toxin‐A local injection impairs fracture healing in the rat femur
Authors: Hao Yongqiang , Ma Yongcheng , Wang Xuepeng , Jin Fangchun , Ge Shengfang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDamaged bone is sensitive to mechanical stimulation throughout the remodeling phase of bone healing. Muscle damage and muscular atrophy associated with open fractures and subsequent fixation are not beneficial to maintaining optimum conditions for mechanical stability. The aim of this study was to investigate whether local muscle atrophy and dysfunction affect fracture healing in a rat femur fracture model. We combined the rat model of a short period atrophy of the quadriceps with femur fracture. Forty‐four‐month‐old male Wistar rats were adopted for this study. Two units of botulinum toxin‐A (BXTA) were administered locally into the right side of the quadriceps of each rat, while the same dose of saline was injected into the contralateral quadriceps. After BXTA had been fully absorbed by the quadriceps, osteotomy was performed in both femurs with intramedullary fixation. Gross observation and weighing of muscle tissue, X‐ray analysis, callus histology, and bone biomechanical testing were performed at different time points up to 8 weeks post‐surgery. Local injection of BXTA led to a significant decrease in the volume and weight of the quadriceps compared to the control side. At the eighth week, the left side femurs of the saline‐injected quadriceps almost reached bony union, and fibrous calluses were completely calcified into woven bone. However, a gap was still visible in the BXTA‐treated side on X‐ray images. As showed by bone histology, there were no mature osseous calluses or woven bone on the BXTA‐treated side, but a resorption pattern was evident. Biomechanical testing indicated that the femurs of the BXTA‐treated side exhibited inferior mechanical properties compared with the control side. The inferior outcome following BXTA injection, compared with saline injection, in terms of callus resistance may be the consequence of unexpected load and mechanical unsteadiness caused by muscle atrophy and dysfunction. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:574–580, 2012
Lateglacial and early Holocene dynamics of adjacent valley glaciers in the Western Swiss Alps
Authors: Schindelwig Inga , Akçar Naki , Kubik Peter W. , Schlüchter Christian 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe Alps play a pivotal role for glacier and climate reconstructions within Europe. Detailed glacial chronologies provide important insights into mechanisms of glaciation and climate change. We present 26 10Be exposure dates of glacially transported boulders situated on moraines and ice‐moulded bedrock samples at the Belalp cirque and the Great Aletsch valley, Switzerland. Weighted mean ages of ∼10.9, 11.1, 11.0 and 9.6 ka for the Belalp, on up to six individual moraine ridges, constrain these moraines to the Egesen, Kartell and Schams stadials during Lateglacial to early Holocene times. The weighted mean age of ∼12.5 ka for the right‐lateral moraine of the Great Aletsch correlates with the Egesen stadial related to the Younger Dryas cooling. These data indicate that during the early Holocene between ∼11.7 and ∼9.2 ka, glaciers in the Swiss Alps seem to have been significantly affected by cold climatic conditions initiated during the Younger Dryas and the Preboreal Oscillation. These conditions resulted in glacier margin oscillations relating to climatic fluctuations during the second phase of the Younger Dryas – and continuing into Boreal times – as supported by correlation of the innermost moraine of the Belalp Cirque to the Schams (early) Holocene stage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐residue analysis of pesticide residues in mangoes using solid‐phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography and UV–Vis detection
Authors: Filho Adalberto M. , dos Santos Fábio N. , de Paula Pereira Pedro A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA sensitive and efficient solid‐phase microextraction method, based on liquid chromatography and UV–Vis detection, was developed and validated as an alternative method for sample screening prior to LC‐MS analysis. It enables the simultaneous determination of ten pesticides in mango fruits. The fiber used was polydimethylsiloxane while optimum SPME conditions employed have been developed and optimized in a previous work. The desorption process was performed in static mode, using acetonitrile as a solvent. The results indicate that the DI‐SPME/HPLC/UV–Vis procedure resulted in good linear range, accuracy, precision and sensibility and is adequate for analyzing pesticide residues in mango fruits. The limits of detection (0.6–3.3 μg/kg) and quantification (2.0–10.0 μg/kg) were achieved with values lower than the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by Brazilian legislation for all pesticides in this study. The average recovery rates obtained for each pesticide ranged from 71.6 to 104.3% at three fortification levels, with the relative standard deviation ranging from 4.3 to 18.6%. The proposed method was applied for the determination of the aforementioned compounds in commercial mango samples and residues of azoxystrobin, fenthion, permethrin, abamectin and bifenthrin were detected in the mango samples, although below the MRLs established by Brazilian legislation.
Solid‐phase extraction element based on epoxy polymer monolith for determination of polar organic compounds in aqueous media
Authors: Takahashi Tadashi , Odagiri Kayo , Watanabe Atsushi , Watanabe Chuichi , Kubo Takuya , Hosoya Ken 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA solid‐phase extraction element based on epoxy polymer monolith was fabricated for sorptive enrichment of polar compounds from liquid and gaseous samples. After ultrasonication of the element in an aqueous solution for a given period of time, the thermal desorption (TD) using a pyrolyzer with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), in which TD temperature was programmed from 50 to 250°C for the analytes absorbed in the element, was used to evaluate the element for basic extraction performance using the aqueous standard mixtures consisting of compounds having varied polarities such as hexanol, isoamyl acetate, linalool, furfural and decanoic acid, in concentrations ranging from 10 μg/L to 1 mg/L. Excellent linear relationships were observed for all compounds in the standard mixture, except decanoic acid. In the extraction of beverages such as red wine, the extraction element showed stronger adsorption characteristics for polar compounds such as alcohols and acids than a non‐polar polydimethylsiloxane‐based element. This feature is derived from the main polymer structure along with hydroxyl and amino groups present in the epoxy‐based monolith polymer matrix.
Tympanic membrane wound healing in rats assessed by transcriptome profiling
Authors: Santa Maria Peter L. , Redmond Sharon L. , McInnes Russell L. , Atlas Marcus D. , Ghassemifar Reza 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The aim of this study is to elucidate transcriptional changes that occur in response to tympanic membrane (TM) perforation in rats and to infer key genes and molecular events in the healing process.Study Design:A prospective cohort study of 393 male Sprague‐Dawley (Rattus norvegicus) rats.Methods:Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly allocated into either control or perforation groups spanning a 7‐day time period. Perforation groups consisted of 12‐hour, 24‐hour, 36‐hour, 2‐day, 3‐day, 4‐day, 5‐day, six‐day, and 7‐day time points. The left TMs of all perforation groups were perforated and the RNA extracted at the specified time point postperforation. Subsequent analysis was performed using Agilent's 4 × 44 k whole rat genome arrays (40 in total) to assess wound‐healing gene expression over a 7‐day time period.Results:Over a 7‐day time course and at nine time points that encompassed the wounding and progression of healing, a total of 3,262 genes were differentially expressed. In this study the transcripts most upregulated occurred at 12 hours. These were Stefin A2 (344‐fold), Stefin 2 (143‐fold), and Natriuretic peptide precursor type B (222‐fold). Those most downregulated also occurred at 12 hours. These were alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (13.1‐fold) and gamma‐butyrobetaine hydroxylase (10.4‐fold). Results were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Conclusions:The findings of this study provide a baseline against which to identify disease‐related molecular signatures, biomarkers, and to develop new treatments for TM conditions based on molecular evidence.
Analysis of upper airway obstruction by sleep videofluoroscopy in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Lee Chul Hee , Hong Sung‐Lyong , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Kim Sang‐Wook , Kim Jeong‐Whun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To analyze the pattern of the upper airway obstruction in a large cohort of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients using sleep videofluoroscopy (SVF).Study Design:Retrospective analysis.Methods:This study included 922 OSA patients who underwent both polysomnography and SVF. Their mean age, apnea‐hypopnea index, and body mass index were 46.8 years, 34.2 per hour, and 26.2 kg/m2, respectively. Sleep was induced by intravenous injection of midazolam, and the obstruction pattern was determined on SVF when oxygen saturation dropped by more than 4% in pulse oxymetry.Results:The anatomic structure and airway level, which were most commonly involved in obstruction, were the soft palate (77.9%) and the oropharynx (88.1%), respectively. The soft palate alone was the most common obstructed structure in mild OSA (43.2%), and the combination of the soft palate and the tongue base was more frequent in severe OSA (45.2%). The tongue base or the hypopharynx was progressively more involved in moderate/severe OSA cases (P < .001, respectively), and a multiplicity of obstruction pattern also increased according to OSA severity (P < .001). However, 32.4% of the patients with mild OSA also had multiple obstructive anatomic structures.Conclusions:Even if multiplicity of obstruction pattern was most commonly associated with severe OSA, almost one third of mild OSA patients also showed multiple anatomic structures and levels of obstruction. Therefore, a precise evaluation for multiplicity of obstruction patterns should precede the decision of a treatment plan, regardless of disease severity.
Enzymatic Activity at the Surface of Biomaterials via Supramolecular Anchoring of Peptides: The Effect of Material Processing
Authors: Appel Wilco P. J. , Meijer E. W. , Dankers Patricia Y. W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSupramolecular polymers allow for a modular approach to bioactive biomaterials. Here the effect of processing on the bioactivation of supramolecular biomaterials using a RNase S assay is investigated. Incorporation of S‐peptides into supramolecular polymers by solvent casting shows a clear organic‐solvent dependency. Although a significant release of the S‐peptides is observed, RNase S activity can be measured indicating successful S‐peptide surface immobilization. Additionally, the effect of electrospinning on the biomaterial's bioactivity is studied, showing that the fibrous meshes developed were bioactive. The results show the importance of solvent choice, and illustrate the potency of rendering supramolecular biomaterial films and meshes bioactive via a modular approach.magnified image
Free posterior tibial artery perforator flap for floor of mouth reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Xu Zhong‐Fei , Shang De‐Hao , Duan Wei‐Yi , Liu Fa‐Yu , Li Peng , Sun Chang‐Fu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this report, we present a case with floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma who underwent wide excision of tumor, a marginal mandibulectomy and bilateral selective neck dissections. A 7 cm × 4 cm fasciocutaneous flap based on a posterior tibial artery perforator (PTAP) from the left posterior leg was harvested to reconstruct a floor of the mouth defect. The donor‐site defect was closed primarily. The flap survived in its entirety. No donor or recipient site complications occurred. The patient tolerated a regular diet at 3‐month follow‐up with normal speech and leg function. To our knowledge, there has been no previous report on the use of the PTAP flap for floor of mouth reconstruction. Our experience has shown the PTAP flap could be one of options for small defects. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Effectiveness of palivizumab prophylaxis in infants and children in Florida
Authors: Winterstein Almut G. , Hampp Christian , Saidi Arwa 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTPurposePalivizumab effectiveness data on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are limited to trial settings and vary considerably between selected high‐risk populations. This study aimed to evaluate effectiveness in a community‐based sample.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of children with ≥3 months Florida Medicaid fee‐for‐service eligibility between 1998 and 2004 who also had matching birth certificates. Children entered the cohort at the beginning of the RSV season, after a minimum of 60 days in ambulatory care, and were followed until the earliest of the following: season end, second birthday, loss of eligibility, hospitalization, or death. Study endpoint was the first RSV‐related hospitalization. To evaluate the presence of confounding, a second endpoint, hospitalizations for pneumonia or bronchiolitis secondary to specified bacterial or viral pathogens other than RSV, was used. Palivizumab exposure defined as first use (day 1–30 of first dose), subsequent use (days 1–30 of each subsequent dose), and former use (days 31–60 after any dose if delays or no readministration occurred) was compared with non‐use with a Cox regression model, adjusting for confounders.ResultsHazard ratios (HRs) for RSV hospitalizations were 0.89 (95%CI, 0.71–1.12), 0.56 (95%CI, 0.46–0.69), and 0.71 (95%CI, 0.51–0.97) for first, subsequent, and former use, respectively. HRs for hospitalization because of non‐RSV infections were 1.31 (95%CI, 1.04–1.65), 1.03 (95%CI, 0.86–1.23), and 1.05 (95%CI, 0.78–1.41), indicating residual confounding for first but not for subsequent and former use.ConclusionIn this community‐based study, palivizumab was associated with a reduction in severe RSV infections of a magnitude comparable to the lower clinical trial efficacy estimates. Protection appears to extend beyond the currently recommended monthly dosing schedule. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.