bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring newer cardioprotective strategies: ω-3 fatty acids in perspective
Authors: Tremoli Elena , Tufano Antonella , Russolillo Anna , Lupoli Roberta , Di Minno Giovanni , Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn the 1980s, observational retrospective studies showed an inverse relation between coronary heart disease (CHD) and consumption of fish containing fatty acids that belong to the omega (ω)-3 family. Large case-control studies and prospective intervention trials consistently showed that ω-3 fatty acids supplementation lowers fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden cardiac death. By analysing the strengths of the results of individual studies and how the meta-analyses agree with them, putting together relevant backgrounds, and identifying open questions, the following findings/directions emerge. (i) Dietary and non-dietary intake of ω-3 fatty acids reduces overall mortality, mortality due to MI, and sudden death in patients with CHD; (ii) Fish oil consumption directly or indirectly affects cardiac electrophysiology. Fish oil reduces heart rate, a major risk factor for sudden death; (iii) Among patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators, ω-3 fatty acids do not reduce the risk of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation and may actually be pro-arrhythmic; (iv) The consumption of ω-3 fatty acids leads to a 10–33% net decrease of triglyceride levels. The effect is dose-dependent, larger in studies with higher mean baseline triglyceride levels, and consistent in different populations (healthy people, people with dyslipidaemia, diabetes, or known cardiovascular risk factors); (v) Outcomes for which a small beneficial effect ω-3 fatty acids is found include blood pressure (about 2 mmHg reduction), re-stenosis rates after coronary angioplasty (14% reduction), and exercise tolerance testing. Major experimental data provide strength (biological plausibility) for these findings, and define directions for newer clinical trials with ω-3 fatty acids.
Dectin-1 Y238X polymorphism associates with susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis in hematopoietic transplantation through impairment of both recipient- and donor-dependent mechanisms of antifungal immunity
Authors: Cunha Cristina , Di Ianni Mauro , Bozza Silvia , Giovannini Gloria , Zagarella Silvia , Zelante Teresa , D'Angelo Carmen , Pierini Antonio , Pitzurra Lucia , Falzetti Franca , Carotti Alessandra , Perruccio Katia , Latgé Jean-Paul , Rodrigues Fernando , Velardi Andrea , Aversa Franco , Romani Luigina , Carvalho Agostinho 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 plays a pivotal role in antifungal immunity. In this study, the recently characterized human DECTIN1 Y238X early stop codon polymorphism leading to diminished Dectin-1 receptor activity was studied in relation to invasive aspergillosis susceptibility and severity in patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We found that the presence of the DECTIN1 Y238X polymorphism in either donors or recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation increased susceptibility to aspergillosis, with the risk being highest when the polymorphism was present simultaneously in both donors and recipients (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.9; P = .005). Functionally, the Y238X polymorphism impaired the production of interferon-γ and interleukin-10 (IL-10), in addition to IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A, by human peripheral mononuclear cells and Dectin-1 on human epithelial cells contributed to fungal recognition. Mechanistically, studies on preclinical models of infection in intact or bone marrow-transplanted Dectin-1 knockout mice revealed that protection from infection requires a distinct, yet complementary, role of both donor and recipient Dectin-1. This study discloses Dectin-1 deficiency as a novel susceptibility factor for aspergillosis in high-risk patients and identifies a previously unsuspected role for Dectin-1 in antifungal immunity that is the ability to control both resistance and tolerance to the fungus contingent on hematopoietic/nonhematopoietic compartmentalization.
Functional roles of aspartate residues of the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT-SLC46A1); a D156Y mutation causing hereditary folate malabsorption
Authors: Shin Daniel Sanghoon , Min Sang Hee , Russell Laura , Zhao Rongbao , Fiser Andras , Goldman I. David 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT; SLC46A1) mediates folate transport into enterocytes in the proximal small intestine; pcft loss-of-function mutations are the basis for hereditary folate malabsorption. The current study explored the roles of Asp residues in PCFT function. A novel, homozygous, loss-of-function mutation, D156Y, was identified in a child of Pakistani origin with hereditary folate malabsorption. Of the 6 other conserved Asp residues, only one, D109, is shown to be required for function. D156Y, along with a variety of other substitutions at this site (Trp, Phe, Val, Asn, or Lys), lacked function due to instability of the PCFT protein. Substantial function was preserved with Glu, Gly, and, to a lesser extent, with Ser, Thr, and Ala substitutions. This correlated with PCFT bio-tinylated at the cell surface. In contrast, all D109 mutants, including D109E, lacked function irrespective of pH (4.5, 5.5, and 7.4) or substrate concentration (0.5-100μM), despite surface expression comparable to wild-type PCFT. Hence, D156 plays a critical role in PCFT protein stability, and D109, located in the first intracellular loop between the second and third transmembrane domains, is absolutely required for PCFT function.
The adenosine A2A receptor is associated with methamphetamine dependence/psychosis in the Japanese population
Authors: Kobayashi Hideaki , Ujike Hiroshi , Iwata Nakao , Inada Toshiya , Yamada Mitsuhiko , Sekine Yoshimoto , Uchimura Naohisa , Iyo Masaomi , Ozaki Norio , Itokawa Masanari , Sora Ichiro 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundSeveral lines of evidence suggest that the dopaminergic nervous system contributes to methamphetamine (METH) dependence, and there is increasing evidence of antagonistic interactions between dopamine and adenosine receptors. We therefore hypothesized that variations in the A2A adenosine receptor (ADORA2A) gene modify genetic susceptibility to METH dependence/psychosis.MethodsWe first analyzed variations in the exons and exon-intron boundaries of theADORA2Agene in METH dependent/psychotic patients. Then an association analysis between these single nucleotide polymorphisms and METH dependence/psychosis was performed using a total of 171 METH dependent/psychotic patients and 229 controls.ResultsWe found 6 variations, of which one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was novel. Significant associations were observed between the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the Exon2+751 (rs5751876) SNP and METH dependence/psychosis. These associations were observed especially in females. In the clinical feature analyses, significant associations were observed between the SNP and the patient subgroup using METH alone (i.e., without concomitant use of other substances of abuse).ConclusionsThese results suggest that theADORA2Agene could be a vulnerability factor for METH dependence/psychosis, especially in females and/or in patients using only METH.
Brain herniation in a patient with apparently normal intracranial pressure: a case report
Authors: Dahlqvist Mats B , Andres Robert H , Raabe Andreas , Jakob Stephan M , Takala Jukka , Dünser Martin W 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Intracranial pressure monitoring is commonly implemented in patients with neurologic injury and at high risk of developing intracranial hypertension, to detect changes in intracranial pressure in a timely manner. This enables early and potentially life-saving treatment of intracranial hypertension.

Case presentation
An intraparenchymal pressure probe was placed in the hemisphere contralateral to a large basal ganglia hemorrhage in a 75-year-old Caucasian man who was mechanically ventilated and sedated because of depressed consciousness. Intracranial pressures were continuously recorded and never exceeded 17 mmHg. After sedation had been stopped, our patient showed clinical signs of transtentorial brain herniation, despite apparently normal intracranial pressures (less than 10 mmHg). Computed tomography revealed that the size of the intracerebral hematoma had increased together with significant unilateral brain edema and transtentorial herniation. The contralateral hemisphere where the intraparenchymal pressure probe was placed appeared normal. Our patient underwent emergency decompressive craniotomy and was tracheotomized early, but did not completely recover.

Conclusions
Intraparenchymal pressure probes placed in the hemisphere contralateral to an intracerebral hematoma may dramatically underestimate intracranial pressure despite apparently normal values, even in the case of transtentorial brain herniation.
Pharmacological management of core and comorbid symptoms in autism-spectrum disorder
Authors: Elvins Rachel , Green Jonathan 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn this article we review the evidence base and practical experience supporting the use of psychopharmacological treatments for autism-spectrum disorders across the lifespan. Recent advances in knowledge are highlighted, as are the shortcomings of published data in this field. Psychosocial and educational interventions remain the core of treatment, but there is now evidence that medication management is a good option for certain domains of behaviour. We discuss the evidence in terms of symptom clusters, including the underlying social deficit of autism and common psychiatric comorbidities.
The Human Rights Act 1998: Article 8 case law and child and adolescent mental health services
Authors: Curtice Martin , Hawkins Tim 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe United Nations' 1959 Declaration of the Rights of the Child states that ‘the child, by reason of his physical and mental immaturity, needs special safeguards and care, including appropriate legal protection, before as well as after birth’. In the UK, children and young people are afforded protection by two important pieces of legislation: the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Human Rights Act 1998. There have been plentiful and varied challenges involving children and young people, in particular under Article 8 of the Human Rights Act. This review of Article 8 cases demonstrates both its use and key principles underpinning its use.
Compliance with NICE guidelines in the management of self-harm
Authors: Mullins Diane , MacHale Siobhan , Cotter David 
Published: August 2010

Aims and methodTo identify the provision of psychosocial assessments for all people attending an accident and emergency department in Ireland with a presentation indicative of self-harm over 12 months and to investigate whether the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines for self-harm were met.ResultsA total of 834 attendances for self-harm were recorded. A psychosocial assessment was undertaken by a member of the liaison psychiatry team in 59% of attendances. Single male patients under 45 years of age represented 39% of those who did not receive a psychosocial assessment.Clinical implicationsSingle men under the age of 45 years represent a vulnerable group in which levels of psychosocial assessment need to be optimised in order to meet the NICE guidelines for standards of care.
Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer Recurrence and Survival Among Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer: The Life After Cancer Epidemiology Study
Authors: Kwan Marilyn L. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Weltzien Erin , Tam Emily K. , Castillo Adrienne , Sweeney Carol , Caan Bette J. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose To examine the association of alcohol consumption after breast cancer diagnosis with recurrence and mortality among early-stage breast cancer survivors. Patients and Methods Patients included 1,897 LACE study participants diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer between 1997 and 2000 and recruited on average 2 years postdiagnosis, primarily from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Cancer Registry. Alcohol consumption (ie, wine, beer, and liquor) was assessed at cohort entry using a food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI with adjustment for known prognostic factors. Results Two hundred ninety-three breast cancer recurrences and 273 overall deaths were ascertained after an average follow-up of 7.4 years. Nine hundred fifty-eight women (51%) were considered drinkers (> 0.5 g/d of alcohol), and the majority drank wine (89%). Drinking ≥ 6 g/d of alcohol compared with no drinking was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer recurrence (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.83) and death due to breast cancer (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.29). The increased risk of recurrence appeared to be greater among postmenopausal (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.19) and overweight and obese women (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.38). Alcohol intake was not associated with all-cause death and possibly associated with decreased risk of non–breast cancer death. Conclusion Consuming three to four alcoholic drinks or more per week after a breast cancer diagnosis may increase risk of breast cancer recurrence, particularly among postmenopausal and overweight/obese women, yet the cardioprotective effects of alcohol on non–breast cancer death were suggested.
Modification of Volumetric Pressure Plate Extractor
Authors: Yoo Kunsun , Rahardjo Harianto 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
A volumetric pressure plate (extractor) can be used to measure the soil-water characteristic curve in the laboratory using the axis translation technique. The volume of extracted water from the soil specimen in the volumetric pressure plate can be continuously measured during the test without the stoppage of air pressure during the measurements. However, the water volume measurement in the volumetric pressure plate requires an air trap, a ballast tube, a burette, and a vacuum device while maintaining a constant pore-water pressure in the soil specimen, which is quite complicated and tedious. In order to improve the measuring method of the volumetric pressure plate, a modified volumetric pressure plate was developed and tested on residual soil specimens. The modified apparatus can measure the volume of the extracted water using both Method A and Method B of ASTM D6836-02 depending on the range of matric suction. In addition, the volume of diffused air during testing can also be measured for correcting the water volume change measurements. The improvements of the modified apparatus and typical results obtained from the tests are discussed in the paper.
Glulisine Versus Human Regular Insulin in Combination With Glargine in Noncritically Ill Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Meyer Christian , Boron Anna , Plummer Elena , Voltchenok Marina , Vedda Rosemarie 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and safety of the rapid-acting insulin analog glulisine and regular insulin in hyperglycemic hospitalized patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 180 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes received either glulisine (n = 88) or regular insulin (n = 92) before each meal in combination with insulin glargine at bedtime in a randomized double-blind fashion. All previous diabetes medications were discontinued if applicable. Doses of insulin were adjusted to obtain target blood glucose concentrations of &lt;130 mg/dl before meals and at bedtime while avoiding hypoglycemia.

RESULTS
Overall mean blood glucose concentrations were ∼8 mg/dl lower in the glulisine group than in the regular insulin group (152.6 ± 66.6 vs. 160.4 ± 70.8 mg/dl; P &lt; 0.0002). This improvement was wholly due to ∼22 mg/dl lower levels after 4 days of therapy (140 ± 55 vs. 162 ± 71 mg/dl; P &lt; 0.0007); after day 4, this difference progressively increased such that mean blood glucose concentrations from day 7 onward were ∼31 mg/dl lower in the glulisine group. The mean daily incidence of hypoglycemia was slightly but not significantly lower in the glulisine than the regular insulin group (0.10 ± 0.02 vs. 0.14 ± 0.03 episode/day; P &gt; 0.35).

CONCLUSIONS
In hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients, glulisine may provide better glycemic control than regular insulin, especially in those who have a prolonged length of stay.
Assessment of Secondary Metabolites in In vitro Regenerated Plantlets of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent
Authors: Gokhale M. , Bansal Y.K. 
Published: August 2010

Flavonoids baicalein and baicalein-7-o-glucoside were estimated in in vitro raised (six months old) as well as nature grown (12 months old) plants of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Multiple shoot formation and elongation were obtained from axillary and apical bud explants of O. indicum on MS containing BAP (1 mg/l) and AgNO3 (2 mg/l). Rooting of the regenerated shoots was achieved on medium (half strength) containing IBA (1 mg/l) and AgNO3 (1 mg/l). A quantitative HPLC analysis of methanolic extract of leaf and root indicated the enhancement of baicalein-7-o glucoside in in vitro raised root and leaf of Oroxylum indicum. Key words: Assessment, Secondary metabolites, Regenerated plantlets, Oroxylum indicum D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i1.5961 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(1): 21-28, 2010 (June)
Clinical Results of Reversed V-Shaped High Tibial Corticotomy With Minimally Invasive Surgery Without Internal Fixation Devices
Authors: Madadi Firooz , Eajazi Alireza , Madadi Firoozeh , Besheli Laleh Daftari , Rokni Reza , Abbasian Mohammad Reza , Bigdeli Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2010

High tibial osteotomy is a method of treating knee osteoarthritis due to genu varum in advanced stages. High tibial osteotomy-associated problems continue to be reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical results of a new, innovative method of high tibial osteotomy with 3- to 13-year follow-up.
Between 1996 and 2006, our new surgical method was performed on 293 patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis and genu varum. All patients were examined preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, and at final follow-up. The Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Scoring System (HSS) was used at final follow-up, and limb alignment and patient satisfaction were reassessed. Immediate postoperative complications included varus recurrence, knee instability, and peroneal nerve palsy, and no signs of tibial nonunion or infection were observed. At final follow-up, 3 cases of genu recurvatum, 2 cases of peroneal nerve palsy, and 25 cases of loss of correction were observed. Average postoperative HSS score was 85 (range, 47–97), and 97.8% of the patients were satisfied.
This new method is a good alternative for the correction of genu varum because it requires a small incision, is soft tissue friendly, is a corticotomy instead of an osteotomy, requires no internal or external fixation devices, has a shorter duration and an acceptable complication and recurrence rate, and results in satisfactory HSS scores and higher patient satisfaction rates.
Current Concepts: Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy
Authors: Abzug Joshua M. , Kozin Scott H. 
Published: August 2010

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.
Explain how to diagnose infants with birth-related brachial plexus injuries.

2.
Describe the classification system used to characterize brachial plexus injuries.

3.
List the indications for microsurgical intervention for brachial plexus birth palsies.
Improved Radical Approach to N‐Unsubstituted Indol‐2‐one and Dihydro‐2‐quinolinone Compounds Bearing Spirocyclic Cyclohexanone/Cyclohexadienone Rings
Authors: Lanza Tommaso , Minozzi Matteo , Monesi Alessandro , Nanni Daniele , Spagnolo Piero , Zanardi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2010

AbstractN‐Unsubstituted indol‐2‐one and 3,4‐dihydro‐2‐quinolinone compounds bearing spirocyclic cyclohexanone/cyclohexadienone rings can be accessed through a novel, improved method entailing the key radical spirocyclization of easily accessible N‐methoxymethyl (MOM)‐protected 2‐iodoanilides derived from 4‐azidobenzoic and 2‐(4‐azidophenyl)acetic acid.
Two‐body abrasive wear behavior of particulate filled polyamide66/polypropylene nanocomposites
Authors: Suresha B. , Ravi Kumar B. N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn experimental characterization of the abrasive wear behavior of clay and clay plus short carbon fiber filled polyamide66/polypropylene (PA66/PP) nanocomposites has been investigated. Two‐body abrasive wear studies were carried out using pin‐on‐disc wear tester under multi‐pass condition against the water proof silicon carbide abrasive paper. It was observed that the clay reinforcement is detrimental to the abrasive wear resistance of PA66/PP blend. A combination of clay and short carbon fiber in PA66/PP blend improved the abrasive wear performance than those of clay filled PA66/PP nanocomposites. Further, on the basis of microscopic observation of the worn surfaces, dominant wear mechanisms were discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Enhancing compatibilizer function by controlled distribution in hydrophobic polylactic acid/hydrophilic starch blends
Authors: Yu Long , Petinakis Eustathios , Dean Katherine , Liu Hongshen , Yuan Qiang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractVarious polylactic acid (PLA)/cornstarch blends, with and without the compatibilizer methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), were prepared by melt processing using a twin‐screw extruder. In the blends where it was included, MDI was distributed in either the PLA or starch phase through controlling processes conditions. The effects of MDI inclusion and its distribution on the resultant microstructures, mechanical properties, and thermal and rheological behaviors of the blends were studied via scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical testing, and Haake rheometer. The results showed that when the MDI was distributed in the starch phase before blending with PLA, the highly reactive isocyanate groups in the MDI were most probably consumed by water, resulting in an overall weakening of its compatibilizing effect. However, when the MDI was distributed in the PLA phase before blending with starch, modulus, yield strength, and impact strength were all increased. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A novel conductivity composite based on polyaniline/zirconium phenylphosphonate
Authors: Liu Changhua , Zhu Lina , Wu Haixia , Yang Yajuan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA novel conductivity composite from polyaniline (PANI) and layered zirconium phenylphosphonate (ZrPP) was carried out through in situ chemical oxidation polymerization by the addition of an appropriate amount of ammonium peroxodisulfate solution, and the relevant structure and properties were investigated. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The electrical conductivity was measured by the four‐probe technique. The electrical conductivity of the composites improved with increasing ZrPP loading, and the materials had reasonably good electrical properties, even with 40 wt % loadings of ZrPP in the polymer matrix. The results reveal that π–π interaction was formed in the composites, which enhanced the electrical conductivity of the composites compared to that in neat PANI. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
ChemInform Abstract: Discrete M6N‐Octahedra in the Subnitrides Na16Ba6N and Ag16Ca6N ‐ A Reexamination of the Ag8Ca3 Structure Type.
Authors: SNYDER G. J. , SIMON A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.