bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volatiles responsible for the seasoning‐like flavour of cell cultures of Laetiporus sulphureus
Authors: Krings U. , Grimrath A. , Schindler S. , Berger R. G. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe basidiomycete Laetiporus sulphureus (the edible ‘chicken mushroom’) imparted a strong seasoning odour when grown on a substrate containing wheat gluten as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. Secreted fungal peptidases hydrolysed the gluten substrate, and numerous potent heterocyclic flavours, among them sotolon (3‐hydroxy‐4,5‐dimethyl‐5H‐furan‐2‐one) and other furanones, emerged in the liquefying hydrolysate. The fungal cells were supplemented with presumed precursors of sotolon, such as acetaldehyde, α‐ketobutanoic acid, α‐oxopentandioic acid, l‐glutamic acid, l‐isoleucine, and l‐(+)‐ascorbic acid. Upon addition of isoleucine and ferrous iron the formation of sotolon became measurable within 2 days. Small amounts of 4‐hydroxyisoleucine (HIL) were identified in the culture supernatant of L. sulphureus by HPLC–FD and LC–SIM–MS/MS. An enzymatic formation of sotolon via a presumed isoleucine hydroxylase could not be excluded; however, balancing biochemical vs. chemical pathways, a slow chemical hydroxylation of the isoleucine released during the enzymatic hydrolysis of gluten seemed much more likely because ferric iron was present in the culture medium. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validity of early indirect models of taste active sites and advances in new taste technologies enabled by improved models
Authors: DuBois Grant E 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe relationship between chemical structure and taste has always been a subject of keen interest to chemists. In an effort to rationalize these relationships, chemists have built models, particularly for sweeteners and the sweetener receptor. Early models were exclusively pharmacophore models but, later, receptor models and even computational models with predictive capability were developed. In this paper, models for all the five primary tastes are reviewed. In recent years, the receptors which mediate sweet, bitter and umami (savoury) taste have been identified. The receptors mediating sour and salty tastes, however, are still not known with certainty. The current states of knowledge on the receptors which mediate all five taste modalities are reviewed. Then a perspective is provided on the validity of the models developed. The sequencing of the human genome has enabled great advances in our understanding of the receptors which initiate taste responses. Yet, there remains much we do not understand. A listing of questions still unanswered is provided. Finally, a discussion is provided of new technologies enabled by an advanced understanding of sweetener and bitterant receptors. Specifically, positive allosteric modulators of the sweetener receptor have been identified which enable dramatic reduction in the concentrations of carbohydrate sweeteners while, at the same time, retaining the high quality taste of carbohydrate sweeteners. In addition, bitterness inhibitors have been identified which may have value in the reduction of the negative taste attributes of some foods and beverages. Lastly, an improved understanding of the bio‐rationale for the slow sweetness onset and sweetness linger of high‐potency sweeteners has led to an approach to improvement of their tastes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomical site influences the differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells for Schwann‐cell phenotype and function
Authors: Kaewkhaw Rossukon , Scutt Andy M. , Haycock John W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractConsiderable attention has recently been given to adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) as an important source for differentiation to Schwann cells in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, with considerable clinical advantages over the use of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow or autologous Schwann cells. However, the relationship between adipose donor site and differentiated ASC phenotype and function is presently unknown. This work systematically studied the differentiation of ASCs harvested from three anatomical sites: (i) subcutaneous; (ii) perinephric; and (iii) epididymal adipose tissue. We show that ASC source is a major determining factor of immunophenotype, multilineage differentiation, Schwann‐cell protein expression, and paracrine ability to stimulate neuronal growth. Upregulation of S100β, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and p75NGFR was observed in differentiated ASCs from perinephric fat tissue, while only the expression of S100β or GFAP and p75NGFR was elevated in differentiated ASCs from subcutaneous or epididymal fat tissue. Although the co‐culture of differentiated ASCs with NG108‐15 neuronal cells demonstrated that ASCs from each source could stimulate neurite outgrowth and number, differentiated ASCs from subcutaneous and perinephric fat versus epididymal fat were most effective, which was attributed to high‐brain‐derived neurotropic factor/nerve growth factor and low‐neurotrophin‐3 levels. Thus, ASCs can be obtained from different anatomical locations, and this determines Schwann‐cell phenotype upon differentiation and extent of function. This work is therefore of relevance in local therapeutic delivery of ASCs for the repair of peripheral nerve injury, but also in the broader context of ASC use in related stem‐cell therapies. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Molodecky Natalie A. , Kareemi Hashim , Parab Rohan , Barkema Herman W. , Quan Hude , Myers Robert P. , Kaplan Gilaad G. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Incidence studies of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are important for describing the disease's burden and for shedding light on the disease's etiology. The purposes of this study were to conduct a systematic review of the incidence studies of PSC with a meta-analysis and to investigate possible geographic variations and temporal trends in the incidence of the disease. A systematic literature search of MEDLINE (1950–2010) and Embase (1980–2010) was conducted to identify studies investigating the incidence of PSC. The incidence of PSC was summarized with an incidence rate (IR) and 95% confidence intervals. The test of heterogeneity was performed with the

Q

statistic. Secondary variables extracted from the articles included the following: the method of case ascertainment, the country, the time period, the age, the male/female incidence rate ratio (IRR), and the incidence of PSC subtypes (small-duct or large-duct PSC and inflammatory bowel disease). Stratified and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity between studies and to assess effects of study quality. Time trends were used to explore differences in the incidence across time. The search retrieved 1669 potentially eligible citations; 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. According to a random-effects model, the pooled IR was 0.77 (0.45–1.09) per 100,000 person-years. However, significant heterogeneity was observed between studies (

P

< 0.001). Sensitivity analyses excluding non–population-based studies increased the overall IR to 1.00 (0.82–1.17) and eliminated the heterogeneity between studies (

P

= 0.08). The IRR for males versus females was 1.70 (1.34–2.07), and the median age was 41 years (35–47 years). All studies investigating time trends reported an overall increase in the incidence of PSC.

Conclusion:

The incidence of PSC is similar in North American and European countries and continues to increase over time. Incidence data from developing countries are lacking, and this limits our understanding of the global incidence of PSC. (Hepatology 2011;)
Peginterferon with or without ribavirin has minimal effect on quality of life, behavioral/emotional, and cognitive outcomes in children
Authors: Rodrigue James R. , Balistreri William , Haber Barbara , Jonas Maureen M. , Mohan Parvathi , Molleston Jean P. , Murray Karen F. , Narkewicz Michael R. , Rosenthal Philip , Smith Lesley J. , Lobritto Steven J. , Schwarz Kathleen B. , Robuck Patricia R. , Barton Bruce , González-Peralta Regino P. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the quality of life (QOL), behavioral/emotional functioning, and cognitive status of children undergoing treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In all, 114 children (5 to 18 years old) enrolled in a multisite randomized clinical trial (Peds-C) to evaluate peginterferon alpha 2a (PEG 2a) with ribavirin (RV) or with placebo (PL) completed several standardized measures prior to treatment and at 24 weeks, 48 weeks, 6 months following treatment, and at two annual follow-up visits. After 24 weeks of treatment, mean physical QOL scores declined significantly for both groups from baseline to 24 weeks of treatment (

F

= 5.8,

P

= 0.004), although scores remained in the average range. There were no significant time or group effects for behavioral/emotional or cognitive functioning. Three children (5%) in the PEG 2a + RV group and no children in the PEG 2a + PL group had a clinically significant increase in depression symptoms. For those children who received 48 weeks of treatment, there were no significant time or group effects on any of the outcome measures (

P

> 0.05). A majority of children in both the PEG 2a + RV and PEG 2a + PL groups experienced no clinically significant change in physical QOL, behavioral adjustment, depression, or cognitive functioning during or after treatment.

Conclusion

: Overall QOL and psychosocial functioning are not deleteriously impacted by PEG 2a + RV or PL treatment of children with HCV. (Hepatology 2011;)
Serum antiglycan antibody detection of nonmucinous ovarian cancers by using a printed glycan array
Authors: Jacob Francis , Goldstein Darlene R. , Bovin Nicolai V. , Pochechueva Tatiana , Spengler Marianne , Caduff Rosemarie , Fink Daniel , Vuskovic Marko I. , Huflejt Margaret E. , Heinzelmann‐Schwarz Viola 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecological cancers. Altered glycosylation is associated with oncogenic transformation producing tumor‐associated carbohydrate antigens. We investigated the potential of natural occurring antiglycan antibodies in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer by using printed glycan array. Antiglycan antibodies bound to 203 chemically synthesized printed glycans were detected via biotin‐streptavidin fluorescence system in serum of women with normal operative findings (healthy controls; n = 24) and nonmucinous borderline or ovarian cancer of various FIGO stages (n = 33). Data were validated measuring blood group associated di‐, tri and tetrasaccharide antigens on known ABO blood groups. Antiglycan antibodies demonstrated high reproducibility (rc > 0.9). Cluster analysis identified repetitive patterns of specific core carbohydrate structures: 11 N‐linked glycans, 3 O‐linked glycans and 2 glycosphingolipids. Biomarker detection revealed 24 glycans including P1 (Galα1–4Galβ1–4GlcNAcβ; p < 0.001) significantly discriminating between (low‐) malignant tumors and healthy controls. Comparable sensitivity and specificity with tumor marker CA125 was achieved by a panel of multivariate selected and linear combined antiglycan antibody signals (79.2 and 84.8%, respectively). Our findings demonstrate the potential of glycan arrays in the development of a new generation of biomarkers for ovarian cancer.
Investigative psychology and law: towards collaboration by focusing on evidence and inferential reasoning
Authors: Carson David 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroducing a special issue of this journal, Youngs discussed the desirability of, but problems in realising, greater collaboration between psychology and the criminal investigation and trial processes. This paper acknowledges the value of investigative psychology's potential contribution but argues that the alleged incompatibilities, between psychology and law, are based upon too narrow a conception of law and legal action. A direct approach, with considerable potential for productive, principled, and practical research, already exists. It involves focusing on the evidence, assessing it along each of its three credentials, and identifying the nature of the inferential reasoning involved. This paper identifies a number of ways in which practical, inter‐disciplinary and collaboration could and should be developed to ensure that the courts receive quality evidence. It also argues that more attention should be paid to abductive inferential reasoning, both by researchers and courts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of pigments from the Shrine of Kaiping Diaolou by micro‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zeng Q. G. , Zhang G. X. , Tan J. H. , Leung C. W. , Zuo J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractShrines (or altars) are constructed in China for worshiping ancestors, Bodhisattva, and God of Wealth. In this work, pigments from the shrine of Kaiping Diaolou tower were analyzed by micro‐Raman spectroscopy, in conjunction with other analytical methods including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF). Paintings of the shrine were composed of 2–3 pigment layers and the total thickness was determined as about 200–300 µm by optical microscopy and SEM, indicating the fine painting skills applied in the construction of the shrine. The green pigments on the surface layer of the green fragment were identified as a mixture of lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) and cornwallite (Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4) by XRF and micro‐Raman spectroscopy with two different excitation wavelengths (488 and 785 nm). Underneath the green layer, red and yellow ochre were found. The pigments on the surface layer of red and blue fragments were identified as hematite (Fe2O3) and lazurite or synthetic ultramarine [(Na8(Al6Si6O24)S3)], respectively. Finally, the pigments under the two surface layers were identified by EDX and micro‐Raman spectroscopy as chromium oxide (Cr2O3), gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and calcite (CaCO3). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous wave stimulated Raman scattering of benzene by fluorescence enhancement in hollow fused silica fiber
Authors: Men Zhiwei , Qu Guannan , Fang Wenhui , Sun Xiuping , Cao Anyang , Li Zuowei , Sun Chenglin , Gao Shuqin , Lu Guohui 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe present continuous wave stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of benzene (C6H6) influenced by the fluorescent dye m‐cresol purple in a hollow fused silica fiber (HFSF). Because of the transmission loss of the HFSF filled with C6H6, the SRS occurs when the Stokes gain equals the transmission loss, with the loss taken at the Stokes wavelength. The 992 cm−1 stimulated Stokes line has been obtained at the pump wavelength 658 nm, which cannot be obtained at 532 nm because the Stokes wavelength (562 nm) does not locate in the transmission loss. Also, the pump power is 35 mW with m‐cresol purple which is much lower than 800 mW without the dye. The profile of the 992 cm−1 stimulated Stokes is changed, and the weak shoulders of the profile are amplified by fluorescence. These results are expected to be of relevance in applications on the tunable Raman laser at new wavelengths. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SERS detection of proteins on micropatterned protein‐mediated sandwich substrates
Authors: Ruan Weidong , Ji Wei , Xue Xiangxin , Cui Yang , Chen Lei , Zhou Tieli , Niu Li , Li Xiao , Zhang Junhu , Zhao Bing 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOne of the greatest challenges in developing protein chips is the detection of trace amounts of proteins on their surfaces. Traditionally employed techniques, such as optical microscopy and fluorescence, are effective and widely used, but it is sometimes hard to obtain fingerprint signals of biomolecules. In this paper, we use surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy as a platform for protein detection. Micropatterned protein‐mediated Au/Ag sandwich structures were employed as the detecting objects. Two types of proteins, pure hemoprotein and immunocomplex, were used as the media. Au/Ag layers were used as the SERS substrates. The resulting spectra showed good sensitivity and resolution. It indicates that SERS is a powerful tool in protein detection and has great potential for application in protein chips. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fourier‐transform Raman analysis of milk powder: a potential method for rapid quality screening
Authors: Almeida Mariana R. , Oliveira Kamila de S. , Stephani Rodrigo , de Oliveira Luiz Fernando C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this work, FT‐Raman spectroscopy was explored as a fast and reliable screening method for the assessment of milk powder quality and the identification of samples adulterated with whey (1–40% w/w). Raman measurements can easily differentiate milk powders without the need of sample preparation, whereas the traditional methods of quality control, including high‐performance liquid chromatography, are laborious and slow. The FT‐Raman spectra of whole, low‐fat, and skimmed milk powder samples were obtained and distinguished from commercial milk powder samples. In addition, the exploratory analysis employing data from Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA)allowed the separation of milk powder samples according to type,identifying differences between samples in the same group. Multivariate analysis was also developed to classify the adulterated milk powder samples using PCA and partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS‐DA). The resulting PLS‐DA model correctly classified 100% of the adulterated samples. These results clearly demonstrate the utility of FT‐Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics as a rapid method for screening milk powder. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman G‐mode of single‐wall carbon nanotube bundles under pressure
Authors: Ghandour Ahmad J. , Dunstan David J. , Sapelkin Andrei 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRaman studies of nanotubes under pressure have been a lively area of research. However, the results are not always as expected and at times have not been adequately explained. One example of the diversity of the results is the higher energy Raman mode (the graphitic mode, GM) shift to higher wavenumber under pressure. Here we report a new high‐pressure Raman study showing that the effects of the variation in the tube diameters and the pressure transmitting medium are both crucial for understanding the outcomes of such high‐pressure experiments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charge‐dependent adsorption of rhodamine 6G on gold nanoparticle surfaces: fluorescence and Raman study
Authors: Ganbold Erdene‐Ochir , Park Jin‐Ho , Dembereldorj Uuriintuya , Ock Kwang‐Su , Joo Sang‐Woo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe study the adsorption behaviors of rhodamine dyes on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) depending on their surface charges. Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) dye is tested comparatively for positively and negatively charged Au NPs prepared by the reduction of chitosan and citric acid, respectively. The adsorption of Rh6G is found to be weaker on the positively charged Au NPs, whereas more substantial aggregation is found on negatively charged Au NPs. An increase in the concentration of Au NPs enhances the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensities only for the Au(−) NPs, whereas the Au(+) NPs do not exhibit any strong SERS signals. Our findings suggest that SERS and reciprocal fluorescence measurements of Rh6G can be used to estimate the surface charges and atomic percentages of Au NPs less than ∼5 ppm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Which single‐item measures of overactive bladder symptom treatment correlate best with patient satisfaction?
Authors: Michel Martin C. , Oelke Matthias , Vogel Monika , de la Rosette Jean J.M.C.H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAimsWhile complex symptom scales are important research tools, simpler, preferably single item scales may be more useful for routine clinical practise in the evaluation of patients with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). This study aimed to compare multiple single‐item scales at baseline and after treatment with patient‐reported overall rating of treatment efficacy.MethodsIn a pre‐planned secondary analysis of a previously reported observational study, 4,450 patients were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks open‐label treatment with solifenacin. Apart from episode counting for classical OAB symptoms, the following single‐item rating scales were applied: Indevus Urgency Severity Scale, Urgency Perception Scale, a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), quality of life question of the IPSS, and general health and bladder problem questions of the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ).ResultsAt baseline OAB symptoms correlated at best moderately with each (r = 0.285–0.508) other or with any of the rating scales (r = 0.060–0.399). Pair‐wise correlations between treatment‐associated symptom or scale improvements tended to be tighter (r = 0.225–0.588). When compared to patient‐reported efficacy, the VAS (r = 0.487) and the bladder problem question of the KHQ (r = 0.452) showed the tightest correlation, whereas all symptom and rating scale improvements exhibited poor correlation with patient‐reported tolerability (r ≤ 0.283).ConclusionsThe VAS and the bladder problem question of the KHQ show the greatest promise as single‐item scales to assess problem intensity in OAB patients. 30:510–514, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between urinary hesitancy symptoms and uroflowmetry measured urinary hesitancy time in men with lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Park Kyung Kgi , Lee Seung Hwan , Kim Yun Jeong , Choi Young Deuk , Mah Sang Yol 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAimsIn patients with urinary hesitancy, the standard time of urinary hesitancy has not been established. Accordingly, we have analyzed the association between urinary hesitancy and various uroflowmetric finding in the present study.MethodsBetween April 2009 and September 2009, 163 consecutive male subjects with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were prospectively enrolled. Individuals with a taking any medications known to affect bladder function were excluded. To measure time to voiding (T2V), 1 ml of water was poured into the uroflowmeter funnel of immediately after the subjects pulled down their undergarments. This step was employed to compensate for the intrinsic disadvantage of the uroflowmeter, which works at the beginning of urination. After urination is completed, subjects were asked whether they experienced any urinary hesitancy at that time. Subjects also completed an IPSS questionnaire.ResultsMean patient age was 60.1 years, and 81 of a total of 163 patients reported experiencing urinary hesitancy. The optimal cut‐off value for T2V was found to be 11.5 sec among individuals with voiding volumes greater than 150 ml (AUC = 0.919). A correlation was also found between the score of question #6 on the IPSS questionnaire and the presence of urinary hesitancy during urology clinic visits (r = 0.26, P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn men with LUTS, T2V is an effective uroflometric parameter to demonstrate urinary hesitancy. Accordingly, we contend that 11.5 sec of hesitancy is an optimal cut‐off time to distinguish the presence of urinary hesitancy in voided volume of greater than 150 ml. 30:578–582, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.