bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumour budding and the expression of cancer stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Luo Wei‐Ren , Gao Fei , Li Si‐Yi , Yao Kai‐Tai 
Published: June 2012

Luo W‐R, Gao F, Li S‐Y & Yao K‐T  (2012) Histopathology Tumour budding and the expression of cancer stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 in nasopharyngeal carcinomaAims:  To detect the prognostic significance of tumour budding and its expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods and results:  Tumour budding was investigated in 105 patients with NPC by immunohistochemistry for pan‐cytokeratin (AE1/AE3). The intensity of budding correlated strongly with T classification (P = 0.008), lymphatic invasion (P < 0.001), vascular invasion (P = 0.029), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), and clinical stage (P = 0.010). Univariate analysis revealed that patients with high budding grade had poorer survival than those with low grade (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that tumour budding was an independent predictor of survival (P = 0.001). Furthermore, budding cells showed high‐level expression of the cancer stem cell (CSC) marker ALDH1. Budding cells with high‐level ALDH1 expression contributed to several aggressive behaviours and poor survival (P = 0.000).Conclusions:  We describe, for the first time, the presence of tumour budding and its correlation with aggressive tumour behaviour and poor patient survival in NPC. The degree of tumour budding could be a valuable predictive factor in NPC. In addition, we show, also for the first time, that budding cells in NPC might possess the invasive and metastatic properties of CSCs.
Ecological effects on gut bacterial communities in wild bumblebee colonies
Authors: Koch Hauke , Cisarovsky Gabriel , Schmid‐Hempel Paul 
Published: June 2012

Summary1. Animal hosts harbour diverse and often specific bacterial communities (microbiota) in their gut. These microbiota can provide crucial services to the host such as aiding in digestion of food and immune defence. However, the ecological factors correlating with and eventually shaping these microbiota under natural conditions are poorly understood.2. Bumblebees have recently been shown to possess simple and highly specific microbiota. We here examine the dynamics of these microbiota in field colonies of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris over one season. The gut bacteria were assessed with culture‐independent methods, that is, with terminal restriction fragment length profiles of the 16S rRNA gene.3. To further understand the factors that affect the microbiota, we experimentally manipulated field‐placed colonies in a fully factorial experiment by providing additional food or by priming the workers’ immune system by injecting heat‐killed bacteria. We furthermore looked at possible correlates of diversity and composition of the microbiota for (i) natural infections with the microbial parasites Crithidia bombi and Nosema bombi, (ii) bumblebee worker size, (iii) colony identity, and (iv) colony age.4. We found an increase in diversity of the microbiota in individuals naturally infected with either C. bombi or N. bombi. Crithidia bombi infections, however, appear to be only indirectly linked with higher microbial diversity when comparing colonies. The treatments of priming the immune system with heat‐killed bacteria and additional food supply, as well as host body size, had no effect on the diversity or composition of the microbiota. Host colony identity had only a weak effect on the composition of the microbiota at the level of resolution of our method. We found both significant increases and decreases in the relative abundance of selected bacterial taxa over the season.5. We present the first study on the ecological dynamics of gut microbiota in bumblebees and identify parasite infections, colony identity and colony age as important factors influencing the diversity and composition of the bacterial communities. The absence of an effect of our otherwise effective experimental treatments suggests a remarkable ability of the host to maintain a homoeostasis in this community under widely different environments.
Arabidopsis Fused kinase and the Kinesin‐12 subfamily constitute a signalling module required for phragmoplast expansion
Authors: Oh Sung Aeong , Allen Trudie , Kim Gyun Jang , Sidorova Anna , Borg Michael , Park Soon Ki , Twell David 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe conserved Fused kinase plays vital but divergent roles in many organisms from Hedgehog signalling in Drosophila to polarization and chemotaxis in Dictyostelium. Previously we have shown that Arabidopsis Fused kinase termed TWO‐IN‐ONE (TIO) is essential for cytokinesis in both sporophytic and gametophytic cell types. Here using in vivo imaging of GFP‐tagged microtubules in dividing microspores we show that TIO is required for expansion of the phragmoplast. We identify the phragmoplast‐associated kinesins, PAKRP1/Kinesin‐12A and PAKRP1L/Kinesin‐12B, as TIO‐interacting proteins and determine TIO‐Kinesin‐12 interaction domains and their requirement in male gametophytic cytokinesis. Our results support the role of TIO as a functional protein kinase that interacts with Kinesin‐12 subfamily members mainly through the C‐terminal ARM repeat domain, but with a contribution from the N‐terminal kinase domain. The interaction of TIO with Kinesin proteins and the functional requirement of their interaction domains support the operation of a Fused kinase signalling module in phragmoplast expansion that depends upon conserved structural features in diverse Fused kinases.
The pentatricopeptide repeat‐SMR protein ATP4 promotes translation of the chloroplast atpB/E mRNA
Authors: Zoschke Reimo , Kroeger Tiffany , Belcher Susan , Schöttler Mark Aurel , Barkan Alice , Schmitz‐Linneweber Christian 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe regulation of chloroplast translation by nuclear gene products makes a major contribution to the control of chloroplast gene expression, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We describe a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein in maize, ATP4, that is necessary for translation of the chloroplast atpB open reading frame. We demonstrate that ATP4 associates in vivo with sequences near the 5′ end of the unusually long 5′ UTR of the atpB/E mRNA, that it facilitates ribosome association with this mRNA, and that it is required for accumulation and activity of the chloroplast ATP synthase. ATP4 is multifunctional, in that it also enhances atpA translation and is required for accumulation of specific processed atpF and psaJ transcripts. ATP4 belongs to a sub‐class of PPR proteins that include a small MutS‐related (SMR) domain. SMR domains had previously been associated primarily with DNA‐related functions, but our findings imply that at least some PPR‐SMR proteins can act on RNA. ATP4 is orthologous to the Arabidopsis protein SVR7, but the phenotypes of atp4 and svr7 mutants suggest that the functions of these orthologs have not been strictly conserved.
The morphology and variability of the caudal rami of the superior temporal sulcus
Authors: Segal Emily , Petrides Michael 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe caudal branches of the superior temporal sulcus (cSTS) have been difficult to characterize because of the considerable degree of morphological variability across individuals. Leading atlases of the human brain are inconsistent with each other in terms of the number of branches identified and the nomenclature used to refer to them. Examination of the magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 45 human brains (90 hemispheres) demonstrates three branches of the cSTS that ascend into the inferior parietal lobule: an anterior branch (cSTS1), a central branch (cSTS2) and a posterior branch (cSTS3). The cSTS1 is found immediately posterior to the ascending limb of the Sylvian fissure, followed by the cSTS2, and then the last branch, cSTS3, at the parieto‐occipital junction. The temporal part of the STS joins most frequently with the cSTS2 (approximately 60% of cases), the cSTS1 (approximately 30% of cases) and least frequently with the cSTS3 (approximately 10% of cases). At the temporo‐occipital junction, there is another sulcus that is related to the STS, the ventral anterior occipital sulcus (AOCS‐v), a sulcus that has been functionally linked to area MT/v5 in the human brain. While the STS may appear to join AOCS‐v from the surface of the brain, it can be established from examination of the depth of the sulci that they are not continuous. The variability in location of each one of the cSTS branches is expressed quantitatively in the MNI standard proportional stereotaxic space.
Circulation, Internationalization, Globalization of the Question of Memory
Authors: LAVABRE MARIE‐CLAIRE 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe connotations linked to the notion of memory – when it is defined as collective or social– have only recently emerged. “Memory” is a mostly polysemic concept in social sciences. It also represents a social phenomenon. If the discourse surrounding memory seems to be largely internationalised, it has come at the cost of discrepancies in temporalities, theoretical traditions and objects of history. A general synthesis would be improbable. Today it appears that three big problematical concepts co‐exist, from French literature but largely exported: the “realms of memory” (Pierre Nora), the “work of recollection” (Paul Ricoeur), the “frameworks of memory” (Maurice Halbwachs).
China's Social Memory in a Digitalized World‐Assessing the Country's Narratives in Blogs
Authors: ZHANG JUNHUA 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper will study the role that new media plays in shaping social memory by exploring China's grass‐root narratives existing in blogs. By conducting a content analysis, the main features of China's storytellers are illuminated. While emphasizing the role of narratives in shaping a nation's social memory in China, explanations for the source of a new social memory are being searched. In doing so, the linear‐model of cause and effect between technology and social change, including McLuhan's term “digital village” are being questioned. The author predicts that, under today's circumstances, China's memory policy including an internalized self‐censorship will still have its effectiveness.
Language input and acquisition in a Mayan village: how important is directed speech?
Authors: Shneidman Laura A. , Goldin‐Meadow Susan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTheories of language acquisition have highlighted the importance of adult speakers as active participants in children’s language learning. However, in many communities children are reported to be directly engaged by their caregivers only rarely (Lieven, 1994). This observation raises the possibility that these children learn language from observing, rather than participating in, communicative exchanges. In this paper, we quantify naturally occurring language input in one community where directed interaction with children has been reported to be rare (Yucatec Mayan). We compare this input to the input heard by children growing up in large families in the United States, and we consider how directed and overheard input relate to Mayan children’s later vocabulary. In Study 1, we demonstrate that 1‐year‐old Mayan children do indeed hear a smaller proportion of total input in directed speech than children from the US. In Study 2, we show that for Mayan (but not US) children, there are great increases in the proportion of directed input that children receive between 13 and 35 months. In Study 3, we explore the validity of using videotaped data in a Mayan village. In Study 4, we demonstrate that word types directed to Mayan children from adults at 24 months (but not word types overheard by children or word types directed from other children) predict later vocabulary. These findings suggest that adult talk directed to children is important for early word learning, even in communities where much of children’s early language input comes from overheard speech. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgA4CxmBTNk&feature=youtu.be
Health and Illness in a Connected World: How Might Sharing Experiences on the Internet Affect People's Health?
Authors: ZIEBLAND SUE , WYKE SALLY 
Published: June 2012

Context: The use of the Internet for peer‐to‐peer connection has been one of its most dramatic and transformational features. Yet this is a new field with no agreement on a theoretical and methodological basis. The scientific base underpinning this activity needs strengthening, especially given the explosion of web resources that feature experiences posted by patients themselves. This review informs a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (UK) research program on the impact of online patients’ accounts of their experiences with health and health care, which includes the development and validation of a new e‐health impact questionnaire.Methods: We drew on realist review methods to conduct a conceptual review of literature in the social and health sciences. We developed a matrix to summarize the results, which we then distilled from a wide and diverse reading of the literature. We continued reading until we reached data saturation and then further refined the results after testing them with expert colleagues and a public user panel.Findings: We identified seven domains through which online patients’ experiences could affect health. Each has the potential for positive and negative impacts. Five of the identified domains (finding information, feeling supported, maintaining relationships with others, affecting behavior, and experiencing health services) are relatively well rehearsed, while two (learning to tell the story and visualizing disease) are less acknowledged but important features of online resources.Conclusions: The value of first‐person accounts, the appeal and memorability of stories, and the need to make contact with peers all strongly suggest that reading and hearing others’ accounts of their own experiences of health and illnesss will remain a key feature of e‐health. The act of participating in the creation of health information (e.g., through blogging and contributing to social networking on health topics) also influences patients’ experiences and has implications for our understanding of their role in their own health care management and information.
The Rise and Fall of the Lyme Disease Vaccines: A Cautionary Tale for Risk Interventions in American Medicine and Public Health
Authors: ARONOWITZ ROBERT A. 
Published: June 2012

Context:Two vaccines to prevent Lyme disease (LD) were developed and tested in the 1990s. Despite evidence of their safety and efficacy in clinical trials and initial postmarketing surveillance, one vaccine was withdrawn before the regulatory review and the other after only three years on the market. An investigation of their history can illuminate (1) the challenges faced by many new risk‐reducing products and practices and (2) the important role played by their social and psychological, as distinct from their biomedical or scientific, efficacy in how they are used, and their ultimate market success or failure.Methods:This article reviewed medical and popular literature on LD vaccines, analyzed the regulatory hearings, and conducted interviews with key participants.Findings:Even if proved safe and effective, LD vaccines faced regulatory and market challenges because the disease was geographically limited, treatable, and preventable by other means. Pharmaceutical companies nevertheless hoped to appeal to consumers’ desire for protection and control and to their widespread fear of the disease. The LD advocacy community initially supported the vaccines but soon became critical opponents. The vaccines’ success was seen as threatening their central position that LD was chronic, protean, and difficult to treat. The activists’ opposition flipped the vaccines’ social and psychological efficacy. Instead of the vaccines restoring control and reducing fear, demand was undermined by beliefs that the vaccinescausedan LD‐like syndrome.Conclusions:The social and psychological efficacy of many risk‐reducing practices and products, such as new “personalized vaccines,” is to provide insurance and reduce fear. Yet the actions of self‐interested actors can easily undermine this appeal. In addition to evaluating the scientific efficacy and safety of these practices and products, policymakers and others need to understand, anticipate, and perhaps shape the potential social and psychological work they might do.
Silos and Social Identity: The Social Identity Approach as a Framework for Understanding and Overcoming Divisions in Health Care
Authors: KREINDLER SARA A. , DOWD DAMIEN A. , DANA STAR NOAH , GOTTSCHALK TANIA 
Published: June 2012

Context: One of health care's foremost challenges is the achievement of integration and collaboration among the groups providing care. Yet this fundamentally group‐related issue is typically discussed in terms of interpersonal relations or operational issues, not group processes.Methods: We conducted a systematic search for literature offering a group‐based analysis and examined it through the lens of the social identity approach (SIA). Founded in the insight that group memberships form an important part of the self‐concept, the SIA encompasses five dimensions: social identity, social structure, identity content, strength of identification, and context.Findings: Our search yielded 348 reports, 114 of which cited social identity. However, SIA‐citing reports varied in both compatibility with the SIA's metatheoretical paradigm and applied relevance to health care; conversely, some non‐SIA‐citers offered SIA‐congruent analyses. We analyzed the various combinations and interpretations of the five SIA dimensions, identifying ten major conceptual currents. Examining these in the light of the SIA yielded a cohesive, multifaceted picture of (inter)group relations in health care.Conclusions: The SIA offers a coherent framework for integrating a diverse, far‐flung literature on health care groups. Further research should take advantage of the full depth and complexity of the approach, remain sensitive to the unique features of the health care context, and devote particular attention to identity mobilization and context change as key drivers of system transformation. Our article concludes with a set of “guiding questions” to help health care leaders recognize the group dimension of organizational problems, identify mechanisms for change, and move forward by working with and through social identities, not against them.
Sexual dimorphism in multiple aspects of 3D facial symmetry and asymmetry defined by spatially dense geometric morphometrics
Authors: Claes Peter , Walters Mark , Shriver Mark D. , Puts David , Gibson Greg , Clement John , Baynam Gareth , Verbeke Geert , Vandermeulen Dirk , Suetens Paul 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAccurate measurement of facial sexual dimorphism is useful to understanding facial anatomy and specifically how faces influence, and have been influenced by, sexual selection. An important facial aspect is the display of bilateral symmetry, invoking the need to investigate aspects of symmetry and asymmetry separately when examining facial shape. Previous studies typically employed landmarks that provided only a sparse facial representation, where different landmark choices could lead to contrasting outcomes. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism is only tested as a difference of sample means, which is statistically the same as a difference in population location only. Within the framework of geometric morphometrics, we partition facial shape, represented in a spatially dense way, into patterns of symmetry and asymmetry, following a two‐factoranovadesign. Subsequently, we investigate sexual dimorphism in symmetry and asymmetry patterns separately, and on multiple aspects, by examining (i) population location differences as well as differences in population variance‐covariance; (ii) scale; and (iii) orientation. One important challenge in this approach is the proportionally high number of variables to observations necessitating the implementation of permutational and computationally feasible statistics. In a sample of gender‐matched young adults (18–25 years) with self‐reported European ancestry, we found greater variation in male faces than in women for all measurements. Statistically significant sexual dimorphism was found for the aspect of location in both symmetry and asymmetry (directional asymmetry), for the aspect of scale only in asymmetry (magnitude of fluctuating asymmetry) and, in contrast, for the aspect of orientation only in symmetry. Interesting interplays with hypotheses in evolutionary and developmental biology were observed, such as the selective nature of the force underpinning sexual dimorphism and the genetic independence of the structural patterns of fluctuating asymmetry. Additionally, insights into growth patterns of the soft tissue envelope of the face and underlying skull structure can also be obtained from the results.
The effects of low to moderate alcohol consumption and binge drinking in early pregnancy on selective and sustained attention in 5‐year‐old children
Authors: Underbjerg M , Kesmodel US , Landrø NI , Bakketeig L , Grove J , Wimberley T , Kilburn TR , Sværke C , Thorsen P , Mortensen EL 
Published: June 2012

Please cite this paper as: Underbjerg M, Kesmodel U, Landrø N, Bakketeig L, Grove J, Wimberley T, Kilburn T, Sværke C, Thorsen P, Mortensen E. The effects of low to moderate alcohol consumption and binge drinking in early pregnancy on selective and sustained attention in 5‐year‐old children. BJOG 2012;119:1211–1221.Objective The aim was to examine the effects of low to moderate maternal alcohol consumption and binge drinking in early pregnancy on children’s attention at 5 years of age.Design Prospective follow‐up study.Setting Neuropsychological testing in four Danish cities 2003–2008.Population A cohort of 1628 women and their children sampled from the Danish National Birth Cohort.Methods Participants were sampled based on maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. At 5 years of age, the children were tested with the recently developed Test of Everyday Attention for Children at Five (TEACh‐5). Parental education, maternal IQ, maternal smoking in pregnancy, the child’s age at testing, gender, and tester were considered core confounding factors, whereas the full model also controlled the following potential confounding factors: maternal binge drinking or low to moderate alcohol consumption, age, body mass index (BMI), parity, home environment, postnatal smoking in the home, child’s health status, and indicators for hearing and vision impairments.Main outcome measures TEACh‐5 attention scores.Results There were no significant effects on test performance in children of mothers drinking up to 8 drinks per week compared with children of mothers who abstained, but there was a significant association between maternal consumption of 9 or more drinks per week and risk of a low overall attention score (OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.15–10.68). No consistent or significant associations were observed between binge drinking and attention test scores.Conclusions The findings suggest an effect of maternal consumption of 9 or more drinks per week on attention functions in children, but the study detected no effects of lower levels of maternal consumption and no consistent effects of maternal binge drinking.