bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminality in men with Klinefelter's syndrome and XYY syndrome: a cohort study
Authors: Stochholm Kirstine , Bojesen Anders , Jensen Anne Skakkebæk , Juul Svend , Gravholt Claus Højbjerg 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveTo investigate the criminal pattern in men between 15 and 70 years of age diagnosed with 47,XXY (Klinefelter's syndrome (KS)) or 47,XYY compared to the general population.DesignRegister-based cohort study comparing the incidence of convictions among men with KS and with 47,XYY with age- and calendar-matched samples of the general population. Crime was classified into eight types (sexual abuse, homicide, burglary, violence, traffic, drug-related, arson and ‘others’).SettingDenmark 1978–2006.ParticipantsAll men diagnosed with KS (N=934) or 47,XYY (N=161) at risk and their age- and calendar-time-matched controls (N=88 979 and 15 356, respectively).ResultsThe incidence of convictions was increased in men with KS (omitting traffic offenses) compared to controls with a HR of 1.40 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.59, p<0.001), with significant increases in sexual abuse, burglary, arson and ‘others’, but with a decreased risk of traffic and drug-related offenses. The incidence of convictions was significantly increased among men with 47,XYY compared to controls with a HR of 1.42 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.77, p<0.005) in all crime types, except drug-related crimes and traffic. Adjusting for socioeconomic variables (education, fatherhood, retirement and cohabitation) reduced the total HR for both KS and 47,XYY to levels similar to controls, while some specific crime types (sexual abuse, arson, etc) remained increased.ConclusionThe overall risk of conviction (excluding traffic offenses) was moderately increased in men with 47,XYY or KS; however, it was similar to controls when adjusting for socioeconomic parameters. Convictions for sexual abuse, burglary, arson and ‘others’ were significantly increased. The increased risk of convictions may be partly or fully explained by the poor socioeconomic conditions related to the chromosome aberrations.
An analysis of predictive markers for intracranial haemorrhage in warfarinised head injury patients
Authors: Rendell Simon , Batchelor John S 
Published: February 2012

IntroductionMinor head injury in older patients on warfarin may present in a variety of ways that often fall outside the remit of conventional guidelines. The aim of this study was to determine the relative risks for intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) in patients with subtherapeutic, therapeutic and supratherapeutic INR levels, in addition to the relative risks for the common symptoms at presentation.MethodsThe notes were retrospectively reviewed of all patients who had a CT scan requested by the emergency department over a 2-year period (January 2008 to December 2009) and from these warfarinised head injuries were identified.Results82 warfarinised head injury patients were identified from 3338 requested CT scans. 12 of these patients (15%) had evidence of ICH on the CT. 72 patients had their INR checked (88%) and the RR of ICH for the INR subgroups were calculated: INR <2 (RR 1.89; 95% CI 0.65 to 5.55); INR 2–3 (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.27 to 2.64); and INR >3 (RR 0.53; 95% CI 0.13 to 2.29). The greatest proportion of those with ICH (42%) had a subtherapeutic INR. 2 out of the 12 patients (17%) were found to have intracranial bleeding despite not meeting the criteria for a CT scan according to the NICE guidelines.ConclusionThe results of the INR subgroup analysis suggest that a subtherapeutic INR may not be protective against ICH in patients with minor head injury.
Aetiological relationships of nasal mucus cyclic nucleotides in patients with taste and smell dysfunction
Authors: Henkin Robert I , Velicu Irina 
Published: February 2012

AimsThe authors previously demonstrated that nasal mucus cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic 3′, 5′-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were lower in patients with smell and taste dysfunction than in normal individuals. To learn more about these differences this study related levels of nasal mucus cAMP and cGMP in patients with smell and taste dysfunction to the aetiology of their sensory loss and compared these results with those in normal individuals.MethodsNasal mucus cAMP and cGMP levels in patients with smell loss (hyposmia) were calculated after assembling data into aetiological groups. Levels were compared with each clinical group, with the entire patient group and with normal individuals. Data were obtained from initial values among patients with hyposmia who participated in a clinical trial of treatment with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor theophylline.ResultsNasal mucus cyclic nucleotides in the entire patient group before treatment were below normal as previously demonstrated. Stratification by aetiology revealed differences not previously apparent. In some groups levels of cAMP and cGMP were below normal, some were similar to normal and some were above the normal mean.ConclusionsAs nasal mucus cyclic nucleotides relate to the growth and development of olfactory epithelial cells these results indicate there are differential alterations in nasal mucus cAMP and cGMP related to the aetiology of smell and taste dysfunction.
Using recent infection testing algorithm tests in clinical practice
Authors: Carlin Elizabeth , Taha Yusri 
Published: February 2012

ObjectivesRecent Infection Testing Algorithm (RITA) tests are used in public health surveillance to identify the incidence of recently acquired HIV infection. This can then be used to direct public health interventions and evaluate their effects. We aimed to outline how RITA tests may be used in clinical practice with individual patients, as well as highlighting the cautions needed.MethodsThe clinical and laboratory aspects of RITA tests have been reviewed in the paper together with their clinical applications.ResultsFor individuals, RITA tests can help to confirm primary HIV infection and can be useful with elements of partner notification. However, careful evaluation of the result is required and it should be considered in conjunction with the clinical history and findings.ConclusionsThere are major epidemiological and public health advantages in using RITA testing but there are also advantages to using the RITA test on an individual basis, provided that it is used appropriately.
Prognostic Role of PIK3CA Mutation in Colorectal Cancer: Cohort Study and Literature Review
Authors: Liao Xiaoyun , Morikawa Teppei , Lochhead Paul , Imamura Yu , Kuchiba Aya , Yamauchi Mai , Nosho Katsuhiko , Qian Zhi Rong , Nishihara Reiko , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Fuchs Charles S. , Ogino Shuji 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Mutations in PIK3CA [the gene encoding the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)] play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Experimental evidence suggests that PIK3CA exon 9 and exon 20 mutations trigger different biologic effects, and that concomitant mutations in both exons 9 and 20 synergistically enhance tumorigenic effects. Thus, we hypothesized that PIK3CA exon 9 and exon 20 mutations might have differential effects on clinical outcome in colorectal cancer, and that concomitant PIK3CA exon 9 and 20 mutations might confer aggressive tumor behavior.
Experimental Design: We sequenced PIK3CA by pyrosequencing in 1,170 rectal and colon cancers in two prospective cohort studies, and found 189 (16%) PIK3CA mutated tumors. Mortality HR according to PIK3CA status was computed using Cox proportional hazards model, adjusting for clinical and molecular features, including microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, LINE-1 methylation, and BRAF and KRAS mutations.
Results: Compared with PIK3CA wild-type cases, patients with concomitant PIK3CA mutations in exons 9 and 20 experienced significantly worse cancer-specific survival [log-rank P = 0.031; multivariate HR = 3.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28–9.62] and overall survival (log-rank P = 0.0008; multivariate HR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.24–5.77). PIK3CA mutation in either exon 9 or 20 alone was not significantly associated with patient survival. No significant interaction of PIK3CA mutation with BRAF or KRAS mutation was observed in survival analysis.
Conclusion: Coexistence of PIK3CA (the PI3K p110α subunit) exon 9 and 20 mutations, but not PIK3CA mutation in either exon 9 or 20 alone, is associated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res; 18(8); 2257–68. ©2012 AACR.
Time Courses of Attentional Modulation in Neural Amplification and Synchronization Measured with Steady-state Visual-evoked Potentials
Authors: Kashiwase Yoshiyuki , Matsumiya Kazumichi , Kuriki Ichiro , Shioiri Satoshi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEndogenous attention modulates the amplitude and phase coherence of steady-state visual-evoked potentials (SSVEPs). In efforts to decipher the neural mechanisms of attentional modulation, we compared the time course of attentional modulation of SSVEP amplitude (thought to reflect the magnitude of neural population activity) and phase coherence (thought to reflect neural response synchronization). We presented two stimuli flickering at different frequencies in the left and right visual hemifields and asked observers to shift their attention to either stimulus. Our results demonstrated that attention increased SSVEP phase coherence earlier than it increased SSVEP amplitude, with a positive correlation between the attentional modulations of SSVEP phase coherence and amplitude. Furthermore, the behavioral dynamics of attention shifts were more closely associated with changes in phase coherence than with changes in amplitude. These results are consistent with the possibility that attention increases neural response synchronization, which in turn leads to increased neural population activity.
The Nature of Affective Priming in Music and Speech
Authors: Goerlich Katharina Sophia , Witteman Jurriaan , Schiller Niels O. , Van Heuven Vincent J. , Aleman André , Martens Sander 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The phenomenon of affective priming has caught scientific interest for over 30 years, yet the nature of the affective priming effect remains elusive. This study investigated the underlying mechanism of cross-modal affective priming and the influence of affective incongruence in music and speech on negativities in the N400 time-window. In Experiment 1, participants judged the valence of affective targets (affective categorization). We found that music and speech targets were evaluated faster when preceded by affectively congruent visual word primes, and vice versa. This affective priming effect was accompanied by a significantly larger N400-like effect following incongruent targets. In this experiment, both spreading of activation and response competition could underlie the affective priming effect. In Experiment 2, participants categorized the same affective targets based on nonaffective characteristics. However, as prime valence was irrelevant to the response dimension, affective priming effects could no longer be attributable to response competition. In Experiment 2, affective priming effects were observed neither at the behavioral nor electrophysiological level. The results of this study indicate that both affective music and speech prosody can prime the processing of visual words with emotional connotations, and vice versa. Affective incongruence seems to be associated with N400-like effects during evaluative categorization. The present data further suggest a role of response competition during the affective categorization of music, prosody, and words with emotional connotations.
Human Factors–Focused Reporting System for Improving Care Quality and Safety in Hospital Wards
Authors: Morag Ido , Gopher Daniel , Spillinger Avishag , Auerbach-Shpak Yael , Laufer Neri , Lavy Yuval , Milwidsky Ariel , Feigin Rivka-Rita , Pollack Shimon , Maza Itay , Azzam Zaher S. , Admi Hanna , Soudry Michael 
Published: February 2012

Objective: The aim was to develop a reporting system for collecting human factors problem reports to establish a database to guide activities for improving health care quality and patient safety. Background: The current error and incident report systems do not provide sufficient and adequate coverage of the factors contributing to impaired safety and care quality. They fail to examine the range of difficulties that clinical staff encounters in the conduct of daily work. Method: A voluntary problem-reporting system was developed to be used by hospital wards’ clinicians and was tested in four wards of two hospitals in Israel. The system is based on human factors–formatted problem reports submitted by physicians and nurses on difficulties and hazards they confront in their daily work. Reports are grouped and evaluated by a team of human factor professionals. Results: A total of 359 reports were collected in the wards during 12 weeks, as compared with a total of 200 incidents reports that were collected during a period of 5 years with the existing obligatory incident reporting system. In-depth observational studies conducted on the wards confirmed the ability of the new system to highlight major human factors problems, differentially identifying specific problems in each of the wards studied. Problems reported were directly related to general factors affecting care quality and patient safety. Conclusion: Validation studies confirmed the reliability of the reporting system in pinpointing major problems per investigated unit according to its specific characteristics. Application: This type of reporting system could fill an important information gap with the potential to be a cost-effective initial database source to guide human factors efforts to improve care quality, reduce errors, and increase patient safety.
Longitudinal and transverse strain sensitivity of embedded carbon fibre sensors
Authors: Christner Christian , Horoschenkoff Alexander , Rapp Helmut 
Published: February 2012

Piezoresitivity describes the change in electrical resistance of a conductor due to an applied strain. Previous studies showed that certain ex-PAN carbon fibres exhibit an excellent linear piezoresistive behaviour. Besides the desired strain sensitivity, k l, in the longitudinal direction, carbon fibres show a strain sensitivity, k t, transverse to the fibre direction. An experimental method was developed to empirically characterize these electromechanical material properties. The strain sensitivities k l and k t of the investigated ex-PAN fibre (Torayca T300B) were determined by varying the ratio between longitudinal strain, ε l, and transverse strain, ε t, in uniaxial tensile tests and four-point bending tests. The results show a longitudinal strain sensitivity k l in the range of 1.72–1.78 and a transverse strain sensitivity k t in the range of 0.37–0.41. This significant transverse strain sensitivity must be considered in the case of strain measurements with carbon fibre sensors. An approach for dealing with the high transverse strain sensitivity of carbon fibre sensors is proposed, which is appropriate for orthotropic as well as isotropic materials. The approach is based on transfer functions, which includes both strain sensitivities of the carbon fibre k l and k t. The transfer function of a biaxial carbon fibre sensors element with orthogonally aligned carbon fibre sensors is given and experimentally checked for validity. Furthermore, the transfer function of a right-angled triangle carbon fibre sensor element is given. These triangle carbon fibre sensor element allows the determination of the complete state of strain of a structure including the shear strain.
The Meaning of Insulin to Hispanic Immigrants With Type 2 Diabetes and Their Families
Authors: Hu Jie , Amirehsani Karen A. , Wallace Debra C. , Letvak Susan 
Published: February 2012

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of insulin among a sample of Hispanic immigrants with type 2 diabetes and their family members/significant others. Method Forty-three Hispanics with type 2 diabetes and their family members/significant others were recruited in the southeastern United States for a family-based intervention study on diabetes self-management. Focus groups were conducted in which participants with diabetes and family members were asked to describe their perceptions of insulin. The sessions were audiotaped and transcribed, translated from Spanish into English, and analyzed using standard content analysis. This article reports the findings as well as demographic information and hemoglobin A1C levels of participants. Results The meaning of insulin was described by both Hispanic immigrants with type 2 diabetes and their family members/significant others. Participants’ perceptions were categorized into three major themes: (1) negative perceptions of insulin therapy, (2) perceived barriers to insulin therapy, and (3) positive experiences with insulin emerged from qualitative data. Conclusions The Hispanic immigrants with diabetes and their family members/significant others in this study described perceptions and fears of insulin indicating a lack of understanding of the diabetes disease process and the progressive nature of diabetes. Strategies and further research are necessary to dispel negative perceptions and facilitate positive experiences with insulin for patients and family members/significant others.
Use of a goal setting intervention to increase adherence to low back pain rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Coppack Russell J , Kristensen Jakob , Karageorghis Costas I 
Published: February 2012

Objective: To examine the effects of a goal setting intervention on self-efficacy, treatment efficacy, adherence and treatment outcome in patients undergoing low back pain rehabilitation. Design: A mixed-model 2 (time) × 3 (group) randomized controlled trial. Setting: A residential rehabilitation centre for military personnel. Subjects: UK military personnel volunteers ( N = 48); mean age was 32.9 (SD 7.9) with a diagnosis of non-specific low back pain. Interventions: Subjects were randomly assigned to either a goal setting experimental group (Exp, n = 16), therapist-led exercise therapy group (C1, n = 16) or non-therapist-led exercise therapy group (C2, n = 16). Treatment duration for all groups was three weeks. Main measures: Self-efficacy, treatment efficacy and treatment outcome were recorded before and after the treatment period. Adherence was rated during regularly scheduled treatment sessions using the Sports Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (SIRAS). The Biering-Sørensen test was used as the primary measure of treatment outcome. Results: ANCOVA results showed that adherence scores were significantly higher in the experimental group (13.70 ± 1.58) compared with C2 (11.74 ± 1.35), ( P < 0.025). There was no significant difference for adherence between the experimental group and C1 ( P = 0.13). Self-efficacy was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to both C1 and C2 ( P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found for treatment efficacy. Treatment outcome did not differ significantly between the experimental and two control groups. Conclusions: The findings provide partial support for the use of goal setting to enhance adherence in clinical rehabilitation.
Atmospheric pollution: influence on hospital admissions in paediatric rheumatic diseases
Authors: Vidotto JP , Pereira LAA , Braga ALF , Silva CA , Sallum AM , Campos LM , Martins LC , Farhat SCL 
Published: February 2012

Objective: To investigate the lag structure effects from exposure to atmospheric pollution in acute outbursts in hospital admissions of paediatric rheumatic diseases (PRDs). Methods: Morbidity data were obtained from the Brazilian Hospital Information System in seven consecutive years, including admissions due to seven PRDs (juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, Henoch–Schönlein purpura, polyarteritis nodosa, systemic sclerosis and ankylosing spondylitis). Cases with secondary diagnosis of respiratory diseases were excluded. Daily concentrations of inhaled particulate matter (PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2) nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) were evaluated. Generalized linear Poisson regression models controlling for short-term trend, seasonality, holidays, temperature and humidity were used. Lag structures and magnitude of air pollutants’ effects were adopted to estimate restricted polynomial distributed lag models. Results: The total number of admissions due to acute outbursts PRD was 1,821. The SO2 interquartile range (7.79 µg/m3) was associated with an increase of 1.98% (confidence interval 0.25–3.69) in the number of hospital admissions due to outcome studied after 14 days of exposure. This effect was maintained until day 17. Of note, the other pollutants, with the exception of O3, showed an increase in the number of hospital admissions from the second week. Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate a delayed association between SO2 and PRD outburst, suggesting that oxidative stress reaction could trigger the inflammation of these diseases.
Cost-effectiveness of fulvestrant 250 mg versus 500 mg in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer and disease progression after antiestrogen therapy
Authors: Newman Matthew J , Jones Laura T , Kraft Jacqueline M , Lee Andrea R , Lech Garrett M , Farrell Natalija M , Phantumvanit Victor , Edwards Roger A 
Published: February 2012

Purpose: To determine the cost-effectiveness of fulvestrant 250 mg compared to 500 mg in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer and disease progression after antiestrogen therapy. Methods: A Markov model was constructed to find the incremental cost-effectiveness of fulvestrant 250 mg monthly when compared with the 500 mg monthly in patients with progression after antiestrogen therapy. The model duration was 24 months. Clinical efficacy data inputs were derived from a phase III clinical trial demonstrating a statistically significant increase in progression-free survival in patients receiving 500 mg versus 250 mg. Cost data utilized were all relevant Ambulatory Payment Classification payment rates from the 2011 Medicare Outpatient Prospective Payment System. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to test the model at various willingness to pay thresholds. Results: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio as determined by the Markov model was US$10,972 per month of progression-free survival for the 500 mg dose compared with the 250 mg dose. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, it was found that 500 mg monthly was cost-effective at and above the willingness to pay threshold of US$15,000 per month. A series of one-way sensitivity analyses showed this result is robust to geographical practice variations in costs of drug administration and physician examination. Conclusion: From a third party payer perspective, the value of fulvestrant 500 mg monthly is dependent on the willingness to pay threshold. Despite a labeling change for fulvestrant in September 2010, fulvestrant 250 mg monthly appears to be a viable option in the target population.