bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser characteristics of a heterostructure with a five Cd(Zn)Se QD sheet active region embedded in non‐symmetrical superlattice graded‐index waveguide
Authors: Lutsenko E. V. , Vainilovich A. G. , Tarasuk N. P. , Pavlovskii V. N. , Yablonskii G. P. , Alyamani A. , Sedova I. V. , Sorokin S. V. , Gronin S. V. , Kop'ev P. S. , Ivanov S. V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOptically pumped green‐emitting (545–551 nm) ZnSe‐based laser heterostructures grown by molecular‐beam epitaxy have been elaborated and studied. The optimized II–VI laser heterostructure involves a non‐symmetrical Zn(Mg)SSe/ZnSe superlattice (SL) graded‐index waveguide and an active region comprising five CdSe quantum dot sheets each placed in the centre of a 2 nm‐thick ZnSe quantum well. Such a structure design provides both large optical confinement factor and high homogeneity of excitation. Internal laser parameters were determined by measuring the laser threshold and differential quantum efficiency as functions of the cavity length. The values of internal quantum efficiency, internal optical losses, characteristic gain and transparency threshold have been estimated to be ηi = 80.5%, αi = 3.2 cm–1, ΓG0 = 135 cm–1, and IT = 1.35 kW/cm2, respectively. Based on the defined parameters, the values of minimum threshold power and corresponding optimum cavity length have been derived. It is shown that the minimum threshold power decreases significantly (by more than 20%) in comparison with that for the heterostructure with conventional flat‐band SL waveguide (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Erratum: Strain relaxation mechanism of InGaN thin film grown on m‐GaN [Phys. Status Solidi C 8, 444–446 (2011)]
Authors: Hanada Takashi , Shimada Taka‐aki , Ji Shi‐Yang , Hobo Kenji , Liu Yuhuai , Matsuoka Takashi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe signs of the off‐angle toward +c‐direction of the miscut m‐GaN substrates indicated in Figs. 1 and 2 and in the text should be reversed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Host structure dependence of light yield and proportionality in scintillators in terms of hot and thermalized carrier transport
Authors: Li Qi , Grim Joel Q. , Ucer K. B. , Burger A. , Bizarri G. A. , Moses W. W. , Williams R. T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSeveral outstanding questions, including why complex halide scintillator host structures allow higher light yield and flatter electron energy response than simple monovalent metal halides, have remained unanswered by current models of luminescence in dense ionization tracks. Our measurements of nonlinear quenching kinetic order, recent literature on hot‐electron transport in scintillators, and calculations presented here of hot‐electron velocity from band structure of SrI2 and NaI, lead us to expand our previously described diffusion and nonlinear quenching model to include hot‐electron transport. Trends in multivalent versus monovalent metal halides, heavier versus lighter halides, and halides versus oxides versus semiconductors can be predicted based on optical phonon frequency, thermalized band edge mobilities, velocity in the upper conduction bands, and hole self‐trapping. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Positive molecular ions and ion‐neutral complexes in the gas phase: Structure and stability of C2H4O2+· and C2H4O22+ isomers
Authors: Fantuzzi F. , Baptista L. , Rocha A. B. , Boechat‐Roberty H. M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe structure and stability of several C2H4O2+· and C2H4O22+ isomers were studied by quantum chemical methods in an attempt to elucidate their most stable molecular arrangements and infer their contribution to the ion chemistry of astrophysical environments. The geometry optimizations were performed at B3LYP/6‐311G** and MP2/6‐311G** level. Single‐point calculations at equilibrium geometries were performed at left eigenstate completely renormalized coupled cluster method, CR‐CCL(2,3). Ninety minimum structures for the ions at the MP2 level were found: 38 related to C2H4O2+·, 33 to C2H4O22+, and 19 to ion‐neutral complexes. The more stable C2H4O2+· isomers have enolic structures, in agreement with the McLafferty rearrangement mechanism of straight chain aliphatic acids. In contrast, the most stable C2H4O22+ isomer has an acyclic OCCO nonplanar linear chain structure, with terminal +OH2 and CO+ linkages. In addition, acetic acid and methyl formate analogue structures were found only for the monopositive ion, with higher energies though. Both global minima are significantly different from the more stable neutral isomers and, therefore, could not be found in a geometry optimization procedure starting from the neutral structures. Dissociative recombination reaction pathways of C2H4O2+· and its application to the formation of astrophysical neutral molecules are also discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust reliable control for systems with random actuator fault and probabilistic nonlinearity with new characters
Authors: Wong W.K. , Tian Engang , Yue Dong , Au R.W.M. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYIn this study, the reliable control for time‐varying systems with random actuator faults and probabilistic nonlinearities is investigated. The system under consideration has the following main features: (1) nonlinearities with new characters. The probability information of nonlinearities belonging to different varying bounds is used; (2) its multi‐actuators are subject to various possible faults/failures, and failure rates can vary in some measure; and (3) there are uncertainties in the plant model parameters. Covering these features, a comprehensive model is developed for uncertain time‐varying delay systems. By employing the Lyapunov functional method, free‐weighting matrix method, and the linear matrix inequality technique, we can obtain several delay‐distribution‐dependent sufficient conditions to ensure the exponentially mean square stability of the system. Those conditions are characterized in terms of linear matrix inequalities, and the reliable controller feedback gain can be solved by the standard numerical software. A simulation example is presented to show the effectiveness and applicability of the results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FISH ASSEMBLAGES IN NON‐REGULATED AND REGULATED RIVERS FROM PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY IBERIAN SYSTEMS
Authors: Alexandre C. M. , Ferreira T. F. , Almeida P. R. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe effects of river regulation on the hydrological cycle of a river and on the respective fish assemblage may differ according to dam operation purpose and type of river analysed. To assess the spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblages and their response to the hydrological changes caused by two different types of flow regulation, we selected three sampling sites in four rivers with different levels of regulation, two in a permanent river system and another two on a temporary one, which we sampled in four different annual seasons. In the permanent system, hydroelectrical regulation decreased hydrological variability, which affected fluvial specialist species, benefitting the generalist ones, and created a more homogeneous community that presented less intra‐annual variation. In the temporary system, agricultural regulation caused an inversion of the hydrological cycle, maintaining a moderate flow volume throughout the drought period that benefited the introduced, generalist and more tolerant species. Monthly volume was recognized, in a temporal scale, as the most important hydrological feature for assemblages’ structure, predicting the intra‐annual variation of several ecological guilds. This study provides important considerations for dam management and riverine ecosystems conservation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of artificial bee colony for intrusion detection systems
Authors: Aldwairi Monther , Khamayseh Yaser , Al‐Masri Mohammad 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe demand for better intrusion detection systems, especially anomaly intrusion detection, increases daily, as new attacks arise and Internet speeds increase. The criterion for a good intrusion detection system is to detect emerging attacks with high accuracy at line rates. Existing systems suffer from high false positives and negatives, and are unable to handle increasing traffic rates. This paper applies artificial bee colony for anomaly‐based intrusion detection systems. In addition, it uses two feature selection techniques to reduce the amount of data used for detection and classification. KDD Cup 99 dataset was used to evaluate the proposed algorithm. Experimental results show that artificial bee colony achieves average accuracy rate of 97.5% for known attacks and 93.2% overall for known and unknown attacks. The new algorithm outperforms all methods reported in the literature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substrate Templating upon Self‐Assembly of Hydrogen‐Bonded Molecular Networks on an Insulating Surface
Authors: Rahe Philipp , Nimmrich Markus , Kühnle Angelika 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMolecular self‐assembly on insulating surfaces, despite being highly relvant to many applications, generally suffers from the weak molecule–surface interactions present on dielectric surfaces, especially when benchmarked against metallic substrates. Therefore, to fully exploit the potential of molecular self‐assembly, increasing the influence of the substrate constitutes an essential prerequisite. Upon deposition of terephthalic acid and trimesic acid onto the natural cleavage plane of calcite, extended hydrogen‐bonded networks are formed, which wet the substrate. The observed structural complexity matches the variety realized on metal surfaces. A detailed analysis of the molecular structures observed on calcite reveals a significant influence of the underlying substrate, clearly indicating a substantial templating effect of the surface on the resulting molecular networks. This work demonstrates that choosing suitable molecule/substrate systems allows for tuning the balance between intermolecular and molecule–surface interactions even in the case of typically weakly interacting insulating surfaces. This study, thus, provides a strategy for deliberately exploiting substrate templating to increase the structural variety in molecular self‐assembly on a bulk insulator at room temperature.
A suggested new bacteriophage genus: “Viunalikevirus”
Authors: Adriaenssens Evelien M. , Ackermann Hans-Wolfgang , Anany Hany , Blasdel Bob , Connerton Ian F. , Goulding David , Griffiths Mansel W. , Hooton Steven P. , Kutter Elizabeth M. , Kropinski Andrew M. , Lee Ju-Hoon , Maes Martine , Pickard Derek , Ryu Sangryeol , Sepehrizadeh Zargham , Shahrbabak S. Sabouri , Toribio Ana L. , Lavigne Rob 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
We suggest a bacteriophage genus, “Viunalikevirus”, as a new genus within the family Myoviridae. To date, this genus includes seven sequenced members: Salmonella phages ViI, SFP10 and ΦSH19; Escherichia phages CBA120 and PhaxI; Shigella phage phiSboM-AG3; and Dickeya phage LIMEstone1. Their shared myovirus morphology, with comparable head sizes and tail dimensions, and genome organization are considered distinguishing features. They appear to have conserved regulatory sequences, a horizontally acquired tRNA set and the probable substitution of an alternate base for thymine in the DNA. A close examination of the tail spike region in the DNA revealed four distinct tail spike proteins, an arrangement which might lead to the umbrella-like structures of the tails visible on electron micrographs. These properties set the suggested genus apart from the recently ratified subfamily Tevenvirinae, although a significant evolutionary relationship can be observed.
Pattern of carbon allocation across three different stages of stand development of a Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) forest
Authors: Cao Jixin , Wang Xiaoping , Tian Yun , Wen Zhiyong , Zha Tianshan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe pattern of carbon (C) allocation across different stages of stand development of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) forests is poorly documented. In order to understand the effects of stand age on the C pool of the Chinese pine forest ecosystem, we have examined the above‐ and belowground C pools in three differently aged stands of Chinese pine in the northern mountains of Beijing, China, by plot‐level inventories and destructive sampling. Our results suggest that tree branch and foliage biomass should be estimated by age‐specific equations. Reasonably accurate estimates of tree stem, tree root, aboveground, and total tree biomass in a Chinese pine forest at different development stages were obtained using age‐independent allometric equations from tree diameter only. The ratio of belowground to aboveground tree biomass was relatively constant with stand aging, remaining around 21 %. The contribution of aboveground tree biomass C increased from 21 % of the total ecosystem C in a 25‐year‐old stand to 44 % in a 65‐year‐old stand, subsequently falling to 41 % in a 105‐year‐old stand, while the contribution of mineral soil C decreased from 64 % of the total ecosystem C in 25‐year‐old stand to 38 % in a 65‐year‐old stand, subsequently increasing to 41 % in a 105‐year‐old stand. The C stock of the total ecosystem and its aboveground tree, tree root, forest floor, and mineral soil components continuously increased with stand ageing, whereas the C stock of the understory showed a declining trend and contributed little to the total site C pool.
Trophic position estimates of formalin‐fixed samples with nitrogen isotopic compositions of amino acids: an application to gobiid fish (Isaza) in Lake Biwa, Japan
Authors: Ogawa Nanako O. , Chikaraishi Y. , Ohkouchi N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTo evaluate the influence of formalin‐fixation on the nitrogen isotopic composition of individual amino acids, we conducted a formalin‐fixation experiment over 62 weeks using muscle tissues of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and freshwater minnow (Zacco platypus) collected in Lake Biwa. The results indicated that the formalin‐fixation does not affect the nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids including glutamic acid and phenylalanine from muscle protein of the fish. We applied this technique to formalin‐fixed gobiid fish “Isaza” (Gymnogobius isaza, Tanaka) specimens that had been collected from Lake Biwa through the twentieth century. The pattern of the δ15N values for these amino acids remains relatively constant, even though each amino acid exhibits a gradual increase by ~3 ‰ from 1916 to 1992. With a formula proposed by Chikaraishi et al. (Limnol Oceanogr Method 7:740–750, 2009), we estimated the temporal variations in the trophic position of Isaza in Lake Biwa. The trophic position of Isaza remained quite constant (3.2–3.3) across a major eutrophication period in 1960–1980. The estimated trophic position of Isaza fish is consistent with the stomach content analysis in the previous reports. The constant trophic position suggests that the eutrophication did not apparently affect the trophic position of Isaza fish, although Isaza's dietary preference changed from zooplankton to gammarids around 1970.
The Career and Work Adaptability Questionnaire (CWAQ): A first contribution to its validation
Authors: Nota Laura , Ginevra Maria Cristina , Soresi Salvatore 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTOver the last decade, occupational changes have the rapidly changing job market has begun to demand that people more actively construct their professional lives and acquire career adaptability. The aim of the present study was to develop a specific, new instrument, “Career and Work Adaptability”, to assess degree of adaptability in adolescents planning their futures. We conducted three studies, the first of which aimed to formulate the instrument's items and to verify its factor structure; the second study confirmed the instrument's multidimensional structure and evaluated its discriminant validity; the third study was conducted to verify the factorial structure's across‐gender invariance and to evaluate its stability over time. Our results showed that the instrument is an effective and multidimensional instrument for accurately measuring career adaptability. Specifically, it can serve as a useful vocational guidance tool in analyzing adolescents' career adaptability.
Immunomodulatory effects of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals
Authors: Kuo Chang‐Hung , Yang San‐Nan , Kuo Po‐Lin , Hung Chih‐Hsing 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDuring recent decades more than 100,000 new chemicals have been introduced as common consumer products into our environment. Among these chemicals, endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are of particular concern owing to their toxicity in animal studies and their impacts on human health. EDCs are ubiquitous in the environment, including the air, water, and soil. The endocrine‐disrupting effect of EDCs has been found to imitate the action of steroid hormones and promote several endocrine and reproductive disorders in both animal and human studies. In the present review, we focus on the effects of EDCs on the immune system. EDCs interfere with the synthesis of cytokines, immunoglobulins, and inflammatory mediators, and they also affect the activation and survival of immune cells. The dysfunction of the immune system caused by EDCs may lead to the attenuation of immunity (immunodeficiency) against infection or hyperreactivity of immune responses (allergy and autoimmune disease). In this review, we summarize epidemiologic, animal, and cell studies to demonstrate the potential effects of EDCs on immunity, allergy, and autoimmune diseases. We also address the impact of EDCs on epigenetic regulation.
Alkylphenols—potential modulators of the allergic response
Authors: Suen Jau‐Ling , Hung Chih‐Hsin , Yu Hsin‐Su , Huang Shau‐Ku 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe prevalence of allergic diseases has increased in recent decades. Allergic diseases, particularly asthma, are complex diseases with strong gene‐environment interactions. Epidemiological studies have identified a variety of risk factors for the development of allergic diseases. Among them, endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) play an important role in triggering or exacerbating these diseases. 4‐Nonylphenol (NP) and 4‐octylphenol (OP)—two major alkylphenols—have been recognized as common toxic and xenobiotic endocrine disrupters. Due to their low solubility, high hydrophobicity, and low estrogenic activity, they tend to accumulate in the human body and may be associated with the adverse effects of allergic diseases. Recently, new evidence has supported the importance of alkylphenols in the in vitro allergic response. This review focuses on the effects of alkylphenols on several key cell types in the context of allergic inflammation.
Self‐reported Walking Ability in Persons With Chronic Stroke and the Relationship With Gait Performance Tests
Authors: Brogårdh Christina , Flansbjer Ulla‐Britt , Lexell Jan 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo assess self‐reported walking ability in individuals with chronic stroke and to determine the relationship with gait performance tests.DesignDescriptive analysis of a convenience sample.SettingA university hospital rehabilitation medicine clinic.ParticipantsFifty ambulatory community‐dwelling poststroke individuals (mean age, 64 years [range, 44‐74 years] and mean time since stroke onset 42 months [range, 6‐101 months]).Main Outcome MeasuresThe Walking Impact Scale (the Walk‐12) to assess self‐reported walking ability, and the Timed “Up & Go” test, 10‐m Comfortable Gait Speed and Fast Gait Speed tests, and 6‐Minute Walk Test to assess gait performance.ResultsA majority of the participants (94%) reported limitations in their walking ability. The most common limitations were related to standing or walking, walking speed and distance, effort, and gait quality aspects. The ability to run was reported as most affected, whereas the need for support indoors or outdoors was least affected. Significant correlations (P < .01) were found between the Walk‐12 and the 4 gait performance tests (ρ = –0.60 to 0.60).ConclusionsPersons with chronic stroke perceive limitations in their walking ability. The relationship between the Walk‐12 and the 4 gait performance tests indicates that self‐reports and quantitative assessments are associated. Because the Walk‐12 reflects broader dimensions than the gait performance tests, it can be a complementary tool when walking ability in persons with chronic stroke is evaluated.
What determines the stock market's reaction to monetary policy statements?
Authors: Kurov Alexander 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe find that information communicated through monetary policy statements has important business cycle dependent implications for stock prices. For example, during periods of economic expansion, stocks tend to respond negatively to announcements of higher rates ahead. In recessions, however, we find a strong positive reaction of stocks to seemingly similar signals of future monetary tightening. We provide evidence that the state dependence in the stock market's response is explained by information about the expected equity premium and future corporate cash flows contained in monetary policy statements. We also show state dependence in the average stock returns on days of scheduled FOMC meetings and in the impact of monetary policy statements on stock and bond return volatility.
Validation of a porcine behavioural model of UVB induced inflammatory pain
Authors: Di Giminiani Pierpaolo , Petersen Lars J. , Herskin Mette S. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background and aim
Cutaneous inflammation induced by ultraviolet B-light (UV-B) is considered a valuable translational pain model. Until now, the development of primary hyperalgesia has been assessed predominantly in rodents, whereas porcine skin might be advantageous due to its greater homology with human skin.
The aim of the present study was to investigate porcine behavioural responses to nociceptive mechanical and thermal stimulations following UV-B inflammation.

Methods
One skin area of 4 cm2 in the flank of 16 male pigs of 55 ± 6 kg was irradiated by UV-B using 3xMED (Minimum Erythema Dose).
Changes in pain sensitivity were assessed 24 and 48 h following irradiation via delivery of mechanical (Pressure Application Measurement device) and thermal (CO2 laser) stimulations to the inflamed skin area and to an untreated control site.

Results
All animals showed higher sensitivity in the inflamed skin site 24 and 48 h following irradiation, compared to the control site (P< 0.05). Pressure withdrawal threshold decreased in the inflamed site: 231 g (148–451) against 408g (347–684) after 24 hours and 200 g (106–293) against 656g (405–902) after 48 h.
Similarly, latency to respond to the laser stimulus was lower at the inflamed site: 5 s (3–7) against 9 s (4–2) after 24h and 4 s (3–15) against 20 s (8–25) after 48 h.
One and two days after irradiation, a tendency was found for an increased cutaneous mechanical pain sensitivity compared to baseline values in the site irradiated with UV-B light (P = 0.092). Thermal sensitivity was increased within the inflamed site 24 h after irradiation with latency changing from 17s (4–25) at baseline to 5 s (3–7) at 24 h (P =0.001). At 48 h, the response latency had not decreased any further (P = 0.414).

Conclusions
Our study shows that behavioural recordings are a valid tool for the assessment of mechanical and heat sensitization following UV-B inflammation in porcine skin.