bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An interactive cross‐multi‐feature fusion approach for salient object detection in crack segmentation
Authors: Liu Jian , Niu Pei , Kou Lei , Zhang Yalin , Chang Honglei , Guo Feng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSalient object detection (SOD) is a crucial preprocessing technique in visual computing, which identifies the salient regions in an image by simulating the human visual perception system. It achieves remarkable results in tasks such as image quality assessment, editing, and object recognition. However, due to the particularity of pavement crack detection in terms of scale and feature requirements, the SOD model is rarely applied in pavement surface crack detection at present. In order to break the existing dilemma, this paper proposes a new SOD model (iU2Net) specialized for crack detection, which is based on the encoder–decoder structure of U2Net and incorporates the developed interactive cross‐multi‐feature fusion module (ICMFM). Compared with the existing models, the main contributions of iU2Net are reflected in two aspects. On the one hand, current models are difficult to comprehensively extract the complex features of cracks while iU2Net achieves a breakthrough in feature extraction by efficiently aggregating multiscale crack features and accurately reconstructing them through its unique architecture. On the other hand, iU2Net focuses on infrastructure crack detection, breaking the limitation of independent processing of traditional feature channels and facilitating information exchange. To validate the model's effectiveness, comprehensive experiments are conducted on a public benchmark dataset. iU2Net is compared with eight existing SOD models (EGNet, PoolNet, MINet, F3Net, U2Net, SegNet, BASNet, and DeepCrack). Training and detection performance is evaluated using average mean absolute error (AveMAE), maximum F1 score (MaxF1), mean F1 score (MeanF1), precision–recall curves, and visualizations. Experimental the results indicate that iU2Net exceeds the behavior of other networks during both the training and testing phases, with MaxF1 and MeanF1 achieving maximum values of 0.912 and 0.730, respectively; and AveMAE of 0.048, which is only 0.005 higher than the minimum value, which demonstrates its effectiveness for pavement surface crack detection and indicating potential future applications involving interactive feature fusion.
Constructing a Novel Disease Resistance Mechanism Model for Cruciferous Crops: An Example From Black Rot
Authors: Dai Haojie , Hu Linli , Wang Jie , Yue Zhibin , Wang Jue , Chen Tongyan , Li Jinbao , Dou Tingting , Yu Jihua , Liu Zeci 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCruciferous crops are essential components of global agricultural production due to their rich nutritional value and extensive economic benefits. Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) has caused significant losses to cruciferous crops. Therefore, studying the resistance mechanisms of cruciferous crops to improve the disease resistance of cruciferous crops is of significant practical importance. This review introduces the biological characteristics and epidemiological patterns of the Xcc. The main resistance mechanisms including the physical barrier functions, immune responses, systemic resistance, regulation of photosynthesis, antimicrobial effects of secondary metabolites, production and regulation of reactive oxygen species, and the signalling pathways of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene of cruciferous crops to Xcc are also summarised. Comprehensive knowledge of these resistance mechanisms will provide theoretical support for enhancing disease resistance in crops.
Trends in Intracranial Hemorrhage Mortality in the U.S.: A 22‐Year Analysis (1999–2020)
Authors: Saha Ram , Al‐Salihi Mohammed Maan , Elazim Ahmed Abd , Solanki Dhanshree , Kapuria Progga , Dalal Shamser Singh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe type of stroke with a poor prognosis, contributing significantly to global mortality and morbidity. We analyzed ICH‐related deaths in the U.S. from 1999 to 2020 using data from the CDC to examine trends in mortality rates. Data were sourced from the CDC WONDER database. Age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs), mortality rate ratios (MRRs), and percentages of deaths were calculated across various demographic variables for the years 1999–2020. In 1999, 21,902 ICH‐related deaths occurred, increasing to 24,461 by 2020. Over the 22‐year period, the cumulative number of deaths reached 511,798. Despite the increase in deaths, the AAMR declined from 63.4 per 100,000 in 1999 to 46.3 per 100,000 in 2020. MRRs for both genders were below 1, indicating a reduction in AAMRs by 2020 compared to 1999. The MRR for females was 0.71, while for males it was 0.75. There was a significant decline in AAMRs for all demographics and census regions between 1999 and 2020. MRRs reflected consistent reductions across gender, race, and geography. Further research is needed to understand the factors driving this decline, which may guide future strategies to further reduce ICH‐related mortality.
Health literacy and obesity: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Upton Ashleigh , Spirou Dean , Craig Matthew , Saul Natalie , Winmill Olivia , Hay Phillipa , Raman Jayanthi 
Published: February 2025

SummaryObesity is a preventable global health epidemic that has serious health consequences. Health literacy has been identified as an underlying and modifiable factor in the development and maintenance of obesity. Adequate levels of health literacy have been shown to significantly impact on weight loss, weight loss maintenance, and associated health outcomes.ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to systematically review extant literature to evaluate the way in which health literacy is measured for individuals with obesity and to identify the key areas of health literacy that are commonly assessed.MethodThis systematic scoping review was conducted over five databases and yielded 12 papers (Nparticipants = 15,393) that represented our search strategy and inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsThe review highlighted there are currently multiple measures that exist that assess independent or dual domains of health literacy; however, there were no studies that specifically utilized a measure that holistically assessed the three maintaining and modifiable domains of health literacy of obesity (psychological knowledge, nutritional knowledge, and knowledge about physical activity).ConclusionGiven the dearth of targeted health literacy measures for obesity, our findings highlighted a critical need to develop a distinct measure of health literacy for obesity to guide policy, research, education, and intervention.
Diagnostic Efficiency of MRI in Child and Adolescent Lateral Discoid Meniscus
Authors: You Mingke , Li Junqiao , Zhang Xue , Chen Gang , Li Jian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn the field of diagnosing the adult discoid lateral meniscus (DLM), MRI has undergone extensive research. However, the use of MRI for diagnosing DLM in children and adolescents remains controversial. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic efficiency of MRI for DLM in children and adolescents and to determine the diagnostic value of these indicators.MethodsThis retrospective study included children (aged between 4 and 11 years) and adolescents (aged between 12 and 17 years) from September 1, 2019 to January 1, 2023, who were diagnosed with lateral meniscus (LM) or DLM injury through arthroscopic surgery. All patients underwent a 3 T MRI examination before surgery. The MRI indicators included the LM width (LMW), ratio of the LMW to the tibia (RMT), percent coverage of the meniscus (PCM), tibial width (TW), height of the medial tibial spine (HMTS), height of the lateral tibial spine (HLTS), tibial eminence width (TEW), lateral slope angle of the medial tibial eminence (LSAMTE), lateral slope angle of the lateral tibial eminence (LSALTE), and presence of three “bow tie signs.” A diagnostic efficacy analysis of all indicators was conducted to determine characteristic MRI diagnostic indicators and analyze their diagnostic value. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between diagnostic indicators and baseline information.ResultsThis study included 90 patients (26 with LM injuries and 64 with DLM injuries). The average age was 12.81 ± 4.34 years, height was 151.24 ± 23.82 cm, weight was 48.20 ± 21.82 kg, and BMI was 19.69 ± 4.22 kg/m2. A total of 10 MRI indicators were included and evaluated for their diagnostic value. The comparison between the DLM and LM groups revealed significant differences in LMW, TW, RMT, PCM, LSAMTE, and “bow tie signs” (p < 0.05). In the diagnostic efficacy analysis, LMW had a sensitivity of 85.94%, specificity of 76%, and accuracy of 83.13%; RMT had a sensitivity of 95.31%, specificity of 76%, and accuracy of 89.89%; PCM had a sensitivity of 75.28%, specificity of 60%, and accuracy of 75.28%; LSAMTE had a sensitivity of 72.92%, specificity of 84%, and accuracy of 72.92%; and “bow tie signs” had a sensitivity of 80.95%, specificity of 81.25%, and accuracy of 81.11%.ConclusionThe MRI diagnosis of DLM in children and adolescents can be based on LMW, RMT, PCM, LSAMTE, and “bow‐tie signs,” with these indicators demonstrating good diagnostic efficacy.
Vaccine immunity in patients with 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome
Authors: Farpour Leila , Gualtieri Renato , Kotalova Tereza , Lemaître Barbara , Ducreux Julie , Arm‐Vernez Isabelle , Eliez Stephan , Blanchard‐Rohner Geraldine 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundPatients with microdeletion 22q11.2 syndrome (MDS) exhibit immunological defects, characterized by abnormalities in the development of the thymus, which plays a crucial role in T‐cell maturation and immune response. As a result, these patients may have impaired adaptive immunity, with decreased responses to vaccination.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study. Vaccine serology (tetanus, diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae type b for children <5 years, measles, varicella, hepatitis A and B, and SARS‐CoV‐2) and immune parameters were assessed in MDS patients aged between 1 and 25 years followed in Geneva between February 2022 and April 2023.Results41 MDS patients were included. The median age was 13 years old. Most of them reported recurrent otitis and bronchitis up to 10 years, and a mild COVID‐19 disease in the past. Immunological work‐up indicated normal immunoglobulin levels and lymphocyte counts for the majority. Most patients were well vaccinated for tetanus, diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae type b and measles, but only half were fully vaccinated for hepatitis B, and SARS‐CoV‐2 and only a quarter for hepatitis A. 70% of the patients had received 3 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infancy but only a minority an additional dose. While most of them were seroprotected against tetanus, diphtheria, and Hib, a substantial number lacked seroprotection against varicella, measles, hepatitis B, and pneumococcus.ConclusionThis study suggests that regular assessment of antibody levels for measles, hepatitis B, varicella, and pneumococcus, regardless of vaccination status should be encouraged in MDS patients, with reimmunization according to vaccine serology, to enhance vaccine immunity.
Maternal OM‐85 administration alleviates offspring allergic airway inflammation by downregulating IL‐33/ILC2 axis
Authors: Zou Wei , Ma Donghai , Sun Fengfei , Chen Zehu , Chen Ying , Li Xuegang , Chen Meizhu , Lin Minmin , Shi Honglei , Wu Baihe , Chen Lei , Liang Zibin , Liu Jing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundType 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are essential for maintaining immune regulation and promoting tissue homeostasis in allergic asthma. How the development of gut microbiota on neonatal ILC2s influences allergic airway inflammation remains unclear. Here we focus on offspring ILC2 development in the context of alterations in maternal gut microbiota.MethodsC57BL/6 maternal mice were gavaged with OM‐85 during pregnancy and/or lactation, ILC2‐driven allergic airway inflammation in the OVA‐sensitized adult offspring was observed. ILC2 development in offspring early life were investigated using recombinant (r)IL‐33, rIL‐25 and Bromodeoxyuridine in the vivo experiments. Further ILC2 promoting factors‐ IL‐33 and IL‐25 production in offspring early life were analysed. Finally, we examined the changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites in both dams and pups, and explored the effects of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on IL‐33 expression and secretion.ResultsMaternal OM‐85 administration restrained ILC2‐driven allergic airway inflammation in the OVA‐sensitized adult offspring. During ILC2 development in offspring early life, maternal OM‐85 administration suppressed IL‐33 and IL‐25 production to inhibit ILC2 expansion and ILC2 responsiveness to alarmins, and infantile ILC2s could persist into adulthood. Maternal OM‐85 administration increased SCFAs in breast milk and SCFA‐producing gut probiotics (predominant Bacteroides and Blautia) in offspring, especially during pregnancy and lactation. SCFAs down‐regulated IL‐33 expression and reduced IL‐33 secretion by inhibited gasdermin D (GSDMD) formation.ConclusionMaternal OM‐85 administration restrains ILC2‐driven allergic airway inflammation in adult offspring by increasing offspring intestinal SCFAs to modulate ILC2 development at an early stage, demonstrating that the transgenerational effects of maternal OM‐85 exposure on offspring innate immunity.
FZP modulates tillering via OsMADS57 in rice
Authors: Xing Hongwei , Wang Huan , Huang Yongyu , Ma Xin , Wu Sheng , Li Yuanjie , Sun Chuanqing , Sun Hongying 
Published: February 2025

SummaryThe number of tillers in rice directly determines the number of panicles, which is crucial for enhancing plant architecture and achieving high yields. Some important genes regulating rice tillering have been identified, but their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. FRIZZY PANICLE (FZP) encodes an AP2/ERF transcription factor. Beyond its well‐established role in promoting spikelet formation during the reproductive phase, here we demonstrate that FZP also inhibits axillary buds outgrowth in the vegetative phase by suppressing the expression of a MADS‐box gene (OsMADS57) that functions as a growth promoter. Consequently, genome editing of the FZP‐bound cis‐motif in the promoter of OsMADS57 releases its expression, leading to more tillers. Furthermore, domestication analysis shows that FZP has undergone strong selection in cultivated rice, while the downstream gene OsMADS57 has been differentiated between indica and japonica subspecies. Four functional SNPs in the promoter of OsMADS57 can increase rice tillering in most indica accessions by enhancing its expression. Our findings expose hidden pleiotropy of classic spikelet identity genes that are redeployed to control stem form, potentially enriching the gene resources for rice genetic improvement.
Acquired Digital Fibrokeratoma in a 6‐Year‐Old Patient: The Youngest Reported Case
Authors: Vance Paul , Hohnadel Michael 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAcquired digital fibrokeratoma (ADF) is a rare, benign tumor most commonly seen in adults aged 30–60, with pediatric cases being exceedingly rare. We report a case of ADF in a 6‐year‐old male, the youngest documented patient to date, who presented with a persistent 6‐mm papule on the right first finger misdiagnosed as a verruca. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis, and the lesion was successfully treated with surgical excision without recurrence. This case expands the demographic understanding of ADF and underscores the importance of including it in the differential diagnosis of atypical skin lesions in pediatric patients.
Association Between the Visceral Fat‐to‐Muscle Ratio and Severe Exacerbation of COPD: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Wang Lu , Li Zhen , Luo Tao , Sun Qi , Lynn Henry S. , Dai Jianghong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveAn imbalanced fat and muscle mass ratio might impact exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated the association of visceral fat‐to‐muscle ratio (VMR) with severe COPD exacerbation requiring hospitalisation.MethodsThis prospective cohort study in COPD patients was performed along with the Xinjiang Multi‐Ethnic Cohort study between May 2018 and December 2023. Baseline VMR was calculated from visceral fat area and muscle mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Numbers of COPD exacerbation hospitalizations were monitored. Associations between various variables and exacerbation were assessed by logistics regression and Zero‐inflated Poisson regression analyses.ResultsA total of 631 COPD patients were included, with 186 (29.48%) and 304 (48.18%) severe COPD exacerbation within 1 and 5 years, respectively. Compared with body mass index and other obesity indicators, VMR had stronger associations with severe exacerbation. A higher VMR was associated with increased risks of 1‐year and 5‐year exacerbation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34 and 1.44, respectively). The subgroup female and overweight individuals showed a strong association (female OR = 1.89 and 1.99, overweight OR = 1.80 and 1.88, for 1 and 5‐year exacerbation, respectively). The number of COPD exacerbation increased by 46% for each one‐point VMR increase. These results remained unchanged in the sensitivity analyses after removing underweight patients or smoke influence, as well as in the competing risk analysis when considering other causes for death.ConclusionVMR was a risk factors of severe COPD exacerbation. Proactive assessment of VMR might be helpful to guide management of COPD patients.
Peripheral monocyte subsets are altered during gestation in oocyte donation pregnancy complicated with pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Tian Xuezi , Li Jia , van Bentem Kim , Lindelauf Ciska , Kapsenberg Johanna M. , van der Keur Carin , Lashley Lisa E. E. L. O. , van Unen Vincent , Roelen Dave L. , Koning Frits , Eikmans Michael , van der Hoorn Marie‐Louise P. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOocyte donation (OD) pregnancies show a higher fetal‐maternal incompatibility and a higher risk of developing pre‐eclampsia (PE) than autologous pregnancies. As maternal monocytes play a role in the tolerization of the allogeneic fetus, the aim of this study was to analyse monocyte phenotypes in healthy and PE OD pregnancies. We collected maternal peripheral blood at different gestational time points in healthy (n = 10) and PE (n = 5) OD pregnancies. Fetal‐maternal human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches were calculated. We used a 35‐colour antibody panel for Aurora spectral flow cytometry to analyse the composition and surface marker expression of monocyte subsets. Expression of CD38 on intermediate monocytes significantly increased throughout gestation in healthy OD pregnancies. Compared with the healthy group, the PE group exhibited even higher CD38 expression on monocyte subsets, with statistical significance. Immune inhibiting receptors CD85j (LILRB1) and CD85d (LILRB2), as well as monocyte recruitment regulating molecules CCR2 and CD91, also showed significantly enhanced expression on monocyte subsets during PE. When comparing healthy and PE OD only in pregnancies with high HLA mismatches, the different CD38 and CD85j expression in monocyte subsets was still significant. In conclusion, in healthy OD pregnancies, the upregulated CD38 expression might reflect a proinflammatory condition specifically at the third trimester. In PE OD pregnancies, expression of both inflammatory and immune regulatory markers is increased in maternal peripheral monocyte subsets. The elevated expression of CCR2 and CD91 on these subsets might reflect monocyte chemotaxis and the effect from systemic vascular dysfunction at the late stage of PE.
Post‐selection inference for high‐dimensional mediation analysis with survival outcomes
Authors: Huang Tzu‐Jung , Liu Zhonghua , McKeague Ian W. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIt is of substantial scientific interest to detect mediators that lie in the causal pathway from an exposure to a survival outcome. However, with high‐dimensional mediators, as often encountered in modern genomic data settings, there is a lack of powerful methods that can provide valid post‐selection inference for the identified marginal mediation effect. To resolve this challenge, we develop a post‐selection inference procedure for the maximally selected natural indirect effect using a semiparametric efficient influence function approach. To this end, we establish the asymptotic normality of a stabilized one‐step estimator that takes the selection of the mediator into account. Simulation studies show that our proposed method has good empirical performance. We further apply our proposed approach to a lung cancer dataset and find multiple DNA methylation CpG sites that might mediate the effect of cigarette smoking on lung cancer survival.
Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts Changes Among Diverse Canadian Public Safety Personnel After the Emotional Resilience Skills Training
Authors: Nisbet Jolan , Maguire Kirby Q. , Teckchandani Taylor A. , Shields Robyn E. , Andrews Katie L. , Afifi Tracie O. , Brunet Alain , Keane Terence M. , Krätzig Gregory P. , MacPhee Renée S. , Martin Ronald R. , McCarron Michelle C. E. , Neary J. Patrick , Sauer‐Zavala Shannon , Carleton R. Nicholas 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPublic safety personnel (PSP) experience occupational stressors and potentially psychologically traumatic events, which increase the odds of screening positive for mental health disorders, and the risk of suicide. This study estimates suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts among Canadian PSP, and assesses associations with Emotional Resilience Skills Training (ERST).MethodThe current study uses a longitudinal prospective sequential experimental cohort design that engages participants for approximately 16 months. Participants (n = 186, 60.5% men) were administered the structured Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview at three time points relative to the ERST: pre‐training, post‐training, and 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsAt pre‐training, PSP reported past‐month suicidal ideation (n = 24; 12.9%), planning (n = 7; 3.8%), and no attempts. At post‐training, PSP reported past‐month suicidal ideation (n = 12; 10.1%), suicidal planning (n < 5), and no attempts (n = 0). At the 1‐year follow‐up, PSP reported past‐month suicidal ideation (n = 7; 12.5%), and no planning (n = 0) or attempts (n = 0).ConclusionsThe results indicate suicide‐related challenges for PSP, particularly PSP who self‐identify as women and females. The results suggest sector‐specific differences in suicide attempts, indicating unique sector‐specific challenges among PSP. The results evidenced reductions in suicidal ideation and planning directly after ERST; however, attrition impacted analyses at 1‐year follow‐up. Additional sector‐specific mixed‐methods research would help inform suicide mitigation strategies.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05530642. Hypotheses Registration: aspredicted.org, #90136. Registered 7 March 2022—Prospectively registered