bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Better Naive Bayes classification for high‐precision spam detection
Authors: Song Yang , Kołcz Aleksander , Giles C. Lee 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEmail spam has become a major problem for Internet users and providers. One major obstacle to its eradication is that the potential solutions need to ensure a very low false‐positive rate, which tends to be difficult in practice. We address the problem of low‐FPR classification in the context of naive Bayes, which represents one of the most popular machine learning models applied in the spam filtering domain. Drawing from the recent extensions, we propose a new term weight aggregation function, which leads to markedly better results than the standard alternatives. We identify short instances as ones with disproportionally poor performance and counter this behavior with a collaborative filtering‐based feature augmentation. Finally, we propose a tree‐based classifier cascade for which decision thresholds of the leaf nodes are jointly optimized for the best overall performance. These improvements, both individually and in aggregate, lead to substantially better detection rate of precision when compared with some of the best variants of naive Bayes proposed to date. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adult Palatum as a Novel Source of Neural Crest-Related Stem Cells
Authors: Widera Darius , Zander Christin , Heidbreder Meike , Kasperek Yvonne , Noll Thomas , Seitz Oliver , Saldamli Belma , Sudhoff Holger , Sader Robert , Kaltschmidt Christian , Kaltschmidt Barbara 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Somatic neural and neural crest stem cells are promising sources for cellular therapy of several neurodegenerative diseases. However, because of practical considerations such as inadequate accessibility of the source material, the application of neural crest stem cells is strictly limited. The secondary palate is a highly regenerative and heavily innervated tissue, which develops embryonically under direct contribution of neural crest cells. Here, we describe for the first time the presence of nestin-positive neural crest-related stem cells within Meissner corpuscles and Merkel cell-neurite complexes located in the hard palate of adult Wistar rats. After isolation, palatal neural crest-related stem cells (pNC-SCs) were cultivated in the presence of epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor under serum-free conditions, resulting in large amounts of neurospheres. We used immunocytochemical techniques and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to assess the expression profile of pNC-SCs. In addition to the expression of neural crest stem cell markers such as Nestin, Sox2, and p75, we detected the expression of Klf4, Oct4, and c-Myc. pNC-SCs differentiated efficiently into neuronal and glial cells. Finally, we investigated the potential expression of stemness markers within the human palate. We identified expression of stem cell markers nestin and CD133 and the transcription factors needed for reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent cells: Sox2, Oct4, Klf4, and c-Myc. These data show that cells isolated from palatal rugae form neurospheres, are highly plastic, and express neural crest stem cell markers. In addition, pNC-SCs may have the ability to differentiate into functional neurons and glial cells, serving as a starting point for therapeutic studies.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Design and Implementation of on‐line dynamic security assessment
Authors: Tada Yasuyuki , Chiang Hsiao‐Dong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDespite possible changes in energy sources, the importance of maintaining the stability of interconnected power systems will not change. Technologies for maintaining power system stability must evolve with renewable energy technology. As renewable energy increases, analysis and control methods for transient stability assessment must be reexamined and improved. This paper presents an overview of on‐line dynamic security assessment (DSA) systems and related direct methods. The controlling unstable equilibrium point (UEP) method and the boundary of the stability‐region‐based controlling UEP (BCU) method are briefly described in order to provide a framework of understanding the concept of a transient stability‐screening program for DSA systems. The integrated package TEPCO‐BCU, a very advanced practical program based on the theory of the controlling UEP method, BCU method, energy function method, and BCU‐guided time‐domain method, is described from the viewpoint of on‐line performance. Finally, the importance of validating the assessment results of the BCU method is discussed. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Linking biological and artificial olfaction: biomimetic quartz crystal microbalance odor sensors
Authors: Wyszynski Bartosz , Nakamoto Takamichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBiological olfaction is a powerful system enabling acquisition and processing of various chemical information from environment. Vast significance of the sense of smell is reflected in attempts to create instrumental techniques mimicking the biological system—artificial/machine olfaction. Following the biological systems, the artificial olfaction relies on arrays of gas sensors with broad specificities to odorants. Arguably, among available gas‐sensing technologies, the most suitable choices for artificial olfaction are acoustic wave sensors, including quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) gas/odor sensors. The short review herein presents basic information on organization and principles of biological and artificial olfaction systems as well as several methods for fabrication of biomimetic or bioinspired (QCM) sensors for artificial olfaction. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High sensitive detection of sulfuric compounds using electrochemical impedance
Authors: Yamaguchi Akifumi , Masunaga Kumi , Hayashi Kenshi , Toko Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAttention has been focused recently on the harmful effects and malodor of sulfuric compounds; therefore, various laws have been enacted to regulate environmental concentration and use of most sulfuric compounds. In order to avoid sulfuric malodor, a reasonable, easy, sensitive, and selective measuring method to detect sulfuric compounds is required. In this research, we adopted the specific adsorption of sulfuric compounds to a metal surface as a sensing principle. It was suggested that polarization is an important factor of molecular recognition from results obtained by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), ellipsometry, and stripping voltammetry (SV). Therefore, we used cyclic surface polarization impedance (cSPI), based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) under the dynamic control of an electrode potential and a constant phase element (CPE) impedance, as a detecting method for sulfuric compounds. As a result, we could detect three sulfuric compounds, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide, with this method at sub ppb levels and discriminate the three sulfuric compounds. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vertical ultrathin‐channel multi‐gate MOSFETs (MuGFETs): technological challenges and future developments
Authors: Masahara Meishoku , Liu Yongxun , Endo Kazuhiko , Matsukawa Takashi , Suzuki Eiichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOne of the biggest challenges for the VLSI circuits with 32‐nm‐technology nodes and beyond is to prevent catastrophic increases in power consumption due to short‐channel effects. Vertical ultrathin‐channel (UTC) multi‐gate MOSFETs (MuGFETs) have a promising potential to overcome this issue thanks to their superior SCE immunity due to extremely high electrostatic control of the channel. Before we put vertical UTC MuGFETs to practical use, however, we have to solve several technological problems due to the vertical configuration of the channel. This paper discusses the advantages and challenges of vertical UTC MuGFETs and speculates about their future development. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Flow characteristics of a cold helium arc‐jet plasma along open field lines
Authors: Yoshida Kazuyuki , Kanuma Toshiaki , Ichii Hiroki , Nezu Atsushi , Matsuura Haruaki , Akatsuka Hiroshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe experimentally study plasma parameters including ion acoustic Mach number of expanding cold helium plasma jet with an electron temperature of less than 1 eV flowing along open field lines. It is experimentally found that the ion Mach number increases from 1 to 3, and that the plasma potential decreases by about 1 V. We discuss the experimental results based on a quasi one‐dimensional flow model in which the plasma is assumed to be quasi‐neutral and in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. Our model describes the ion acceleration, the axial profiles of the potential drop, and the electron temperature/density. The model also shows that the helium ions are accelerated both by the electric field and by the increasing cross‐sectional area of the transonic flow. After the ion acceleration, the ion Mach number decreases and the electron temperature increases. These phenomena are discussed in terms of a shock wave. It is noted that the electron density decreases even in the shock wave. This is discussed in terms of rapid recombination because of the low electron temperature. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IPMSM position sensorless control based on adaptive flux observer using ϵ1‐modification approach
Authors: Hasegawa Masaru , Matsui Keiju 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a robust‐adaptive scheme for position sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) using ϵ1‐modification approach. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by experimental results in low‐speed region. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A tentative study of urban and suburban fine particles (PM2.5) collected in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Boman Johan , Lindén Jenny , Thorsson Sofia , Holmer Björn , Eliasson Ingegärd 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the mass, black carbon (BC), and elemental concentrations in fine particles (PM2.5) and their variations at two sites in Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso. The weather situation in Ouagadougou during the field campaign was dominated by high pressure with variable cloudiness and no precipitation. Diurnal temperatures varied between 19 and 38 °C and relative humidity between 10 and 60%. Winds in Ouagadougou were generally coming in from the north, showing a diurnal pattern with gusts of up to 6 m/s during daytime, while evenings and nights were calmer with very stable atmospheric conditions. However, during part of this field campaign, a period of nighttime moderately stable atmospheric conditions occurred with increased wind speed and more easterly winds. Cyclones were used for the PM2.5 particle collection at both sites. The elemental analysis was done using energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy. Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, and Pb were identified and quantified in most of the samples. The particle mass concentration was 27–164 µg/m3 while BC varied between 1.3 and 8.2 µg/m3. No influence of leaded gasoline was found. Soil dust was identified as a major component of the particles, which was confirmed by comparing with the elements in a soil sample. A significant difference in elemental, BC, and mass concentrations was seen between periods with very stable and moderately stable atmospheric conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PIXE and PIGE assessment of in vivo elemental and physical changes of a composite from a dental filling
Authors: Preoteasa Eugen A. , Preoteasa Elena , Ciortea Constantin , Marin Daniel D. , Gurban Dan , Gugiu Marius , Scafes Adela 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSimultaneous particle‐induced x‐ray emission (PIXE) and particle‐induced gamma‐ray emission (PIGE) measurements in the 0–270 keV range with a low‐energy hyperpure Ge detector have been performed on the outer surface and on an inner section of a dental composite filling extracted from a patient. The biomaterial has been identified as the fluorine‐releasing Tetric Ceram dental composite. Compared to the native material, the dental filling evidenced changes occurring during the in vivo oral use. These included mainly Cl and K accumulation and loss of Zr, Ba, Yb (by PIXE), and F (in the PIGE region). The changes were similar at the surface and inside of the dental filling for most of the above elements, indicating an unexpectedly high permeability of the material, maybe due to microscopic bulk fracture of the dental composite filling throughout its use. The PIGE spectra detected also Al and traces of Hf and Sm possibly associated with Zr and Yb. Changes in the ratio of the L lines of Yb and in the ratio of the 110‐ and 197‐keV lines of F evidenced alterations in the matrix physical properties of the composite, associated with factors such as surface roughening by wear, grain size decrease by slow dissolution, and compositional variations. Further studies are needed to gain a deeper insight into the complex changes taking place in a dental composite filling. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atan1p—an extracellular tannase from the dimorphic yeast Arxula adeninivorans: molecular cloning of the ATAN1 gene and characterization of the recombinant enzyme
Authors: Böer Erik , Bode Rüdiger , Mock Hans‐Peter , Piontek Michael , Kunze Gotthard 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe tannase‐encoding Arxula adeninivorans gene ATAN1 was isolated from genomic DNA by PCR, using as primers oligonucleotide sequences derived from peptides obtained after tryptic digestion of the purified tannase protein. The gene harbours an ORF of 1764 bp, encoding a 587‐amino acid protein, preceded by an N‐terminal secretion sequence comprising 28 residues. The deduced amino acid sequence was similar to those of tannases from Aspergillus oryzae (50% identity), A. niger (48%) and putative tannases from A. fumigatus (52%) and A. nidulans (50%). The sequence contains the consensus pentapeptide motif (–Gly–X–Ser–X–Gly–) which forms part of the catalytic centre of serine hydrolases. Expression of ATAN1 is regulated by the carbon source. Supplementation with tannic acid or gallic acid leads to induction of ATAN1, and accumulation of the native tannase enzyme in the medium. The enzymes recovered from both wild‐type and recombinant strains were essentially indistinguishable. A molecular mass of ∼320 kDa was determined, indicating that the native, glycosylated tannase consists of four identical subunits. The enzyme has a temperature optimum at 35–40 °C and a pH optimum at ∼6.0. The enzyme is able to remove gallic acid from both condensed and hydrolysable tannins. The wild‐type strain LS3 secreted amounts of tannase equivalent to 100 U/l under inducing conditions, while the transformant strain, which overexpresses the ATAN1 gene from the strong, constitutively active A. adeninivorans TEF1 promoter, produced levels of up to 400 U/l when grown in glucose medium in shake flasks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐Level Intervention to Prevent Influenza Infections in Older Low Income and Minority Adults
Authors: Schensul Jean J. , Radda Kim , Coman Emil , Vazquez Elsie 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this paper we describe a successful multi‐level participatory intervention grounded in principles of individual and group empowerment, and guided by social construction theory. The intervention addressed known and persistent inequities in influenza vaccination among African American and Latino older adults, and associated infections, hospitalizations and mortality. It was designed to increase resident ability to make informed decisions about vaccination, and to build internal and external infrastructure to support sustainability over time. The intervention brought a group of social scientists, vaccine researchers, geriatricians, public health nurses, elder services providers and advocates together with senior housing management and activist African American and Latino residents living in public senior housing in a small east coast city. Two buildings of equal size and similar ethnic composition were randomized as intervention and control buildings. Pre and post intervention surveys were conducted in both buildings, measuring knowledge, attitudes and peer norms. Processes and outcomes were documented at four levels: Influenza Strategic Alliance (macro and exo levels), building management (meso level), building resident committee (meso level) and individual residents. The Influenza Strategic Alliance (I.S.A.) provided ongoing resources, information and vaccine; the building management provided economic and other in‐kind resources and supported residents to continue flu clinics in the building. The V.I.P. Resident Committee conducted flu campaigns with flu clinics in English and Spanish. The vaccination rate in the intervention building at post test exceeded the study goal of 70% and showed a significant improvement over the control building. The intervention achieved desired outcomes at all four levels and resulted in a significant increase in influenza vaccination, and improvements in pro‐vaccination knowledge, beliefs, and understanding of health consequences.
Body condition variation in kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) nestlings in relation to breeding conditions
Authors: Costantini David , Casagrande Stefania , Carello Livia , Dell'Omo Giacomo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe body condition index (i.e., body mass corrected for age or size differences) is commonly used to investigate offspring condition in nestling birds. The body condition index reflects different parameters related to the general nutritional state of nestlings and may predict survival prospects. Since conditions experienced during the growth period can affect the fitness of nestlings in adulthood, we investigated proximate and ultimate factors underlying body condition index variation in kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) nestlings in a 9‐year field study and we carried out two cross‐fostering experiments to disentangle the origin (genetics plus maternal effects) and rearing (environment effect) components of body condition index variation. In total, we sampled 2,065 nestlings from 464 broods and used 121 nestlings from 24 broods in the cross‐fostering experiments. We found that nestlings from larger broods had higher body condition index than nestlings from smaller ones, but this pattern did not emerge in two of the 9 years of study; nestlings born later in the breeding season had lower body condition index in some years but not in others; the decrease of body condition index over the breeding season emerged in all but three‐chick broods; males and females did not differ neither in body condition index nor in the covariation between body mass and wing length, while this result was limited to one of the nine field study years; the annual mean value of body condition index did not covary with the total rainfall; both the origin and rearing components explained body condition index variation, but their relative contributions varied from a year to another. Overall, these results suggest that the brood size is not a good predictor of body condition index; the rule “nesting early in the season is better” is less general than previously thought; the body condition index may contain origin variance, whose expression may be modulated by environmental conditions.
Carbohydrate storage, survival, and growth of two evergreen Nothofagus species in two contrasting light environments
Authors: Piper F. I. , Reyes‐Díaz M. , Corcuera L. J. , Lusk C. H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA number of traits have been attributed important roles in tolerance of shade by plants. Some explanations emphasize traits enhancing net carbon gain; others emphasize energy conservation traits such as storage of non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC). To date, cross‐species studies have provided mixed support for the role of NSC storage in low‐light survival. We examined NSC status, survival, biomass, and growth of large seedlings of two evergreen species of differing shade tolerance (Nothofagus nitida and N. dombeyi) grown in deep shade and 50% light for two growing seasons. We expected to find higher NSC concentration in the more shade‐tolerant N. nitida and since allocation to storage involves sacrificing growth, higher growth rate in the shade‐intolerant N. dombeyi. NSC concentration of both species was >twofold higher in 50% light than in deep shade, and in roots and stems did not differ significantly between species in either environment. NSC contents per plant were also similar between dead and living plants in deep shade. N. dombeyi outgrew N. nitida in 50% light, while this pattern was reversed in deep shade. Survival in deep shade was not correlated with NSC concentration. Leaf mass fraction was similar between species in 50% light, but lower in N. dombeyi in deep shade. Results provide little evidence of a link between carbohydrate storage and low‐light survival in Nothofagus species, and support the view that understorey survival is primarily a function of net carbon gain. Patterns of variation in NSC concentration of the temperate species we studied are likely dominated by more important influences than adaptation to shade, such as limitation of growth or adaptation to cold stress.
A Novel Approach to Molecular Recognition Surface of Magnetic Nanoparticles Based on Host–Guest Effect
Authors: Wu Yuanpeng , Zuo Fang , Zheng Zhaohui , Ding Xiaobin , Peng Yuxing 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A novel route has been developed to prepared β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The MNPs were first modified with monotosyl-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) silane and then tosyl units were displaced by amino-β-CD through the nucleophilic substitution reaction. The monotosyl-PEG silane was synthesized by modifying a PEG diol to form the corresponding monotosyl-PEG, followed by a reaction with 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (IPTS). The success of the synthesis of the monotosyl-PEG silane was confirmed with1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The analysis of FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the immobilization of β-CD onto MNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the β-CD functionalized MNPs were mostly present as individual nonclustered units in water. The number of β-CD molecules immobilized on each MNP was about 240 according to the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results. The as-prepared β-CD functionalized MNPs were used to detect dopamine with the assistance of a magnet.