bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life Expectancy in Patients Surviving More Than 5 Years After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Martin Paul J. , Counts George W. , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Lee Stephanie J. , Sanders Jean E. , Deeg H. Joachim , Flowers Mary E.D. , Syrjala Karen L. , Hansen John A. , Storb Rainer F. , Storer Barry E. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose Hematopoietic cell transplantation can cure hematologic malignancies and other diseases, but this treatment can also cause late complications. Previous studies have evaluated the cumulative effects of late complications on survival, but longer-term effects on life expectancy after hematopoietic cell transplantation have not been assessed. Patients and Methods We used standard methods to evaluate mortality, projected life expectancy, and causes of death in a cohort of 2,574 patients who survived without recurrence of the original disease for at least 5 years after allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation from 1970 through 2002. Sex- and age-specific comparisons were made with US population data. Results Estimated survival of the cohort at 20 years after transplantation was 80.4% (95% CI, 78.1% to 82.6%). During 22,923 person-years of follow-up, 357 deaths occurred. Mortality rates remained four- to nine-fold higher than the expected population rate for at least 30 years after transplantation, yielding an estimated 30% lower life expectancy compared with that in the general population, regardless of current age. In rank order, the leading causes of excess deaths were second malignancies and recurrent disease, followed by infections, chronic graft-versus-host disease, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion Patients who have survived for at least 5 years after hematopoietic cell transplantation without recurrence of the original disease have a high probability of surviving for an additional 15 years, but life expectancy is not fully restored. Further effort is needed to reduce the burden of disease and treatment-related complications in this population.
A Group of General Dental Practitioners’ Views of Preformed Metal Crowns after Participation in the Hall Technique Clinical Trial: A Mixed-Method Evaluation
Authors: Innes Nicola PT , Marshman Zoe , Vendan Ramola E 
Published: January 2010

Aims The aims of this study were to investigate and describe the views of a group of general dental practitioners (GDPs) on their use of preformed metal crowns (PMCs) with the conventional method and the Hall Technique. The practitioners involved had previously taken part in a clinical trial of the Hall Technique. Methods The dentists’ views were explored using a semi-structured interview (transcribed and analysed using a framework approach) and their use of crowns investigated (for conventional and Hall Technique) using a short questionnaire. Results Fourteen out of 17 dentists who participated in the trial were interviewed and completed the questionnaire. Prior to the trial, only three of the GDPs had been using conventional PMCs at all and this was ‘infrequently’. None had been using them routinely. The semi-structured questionnaires revealed three main themes reflecting positively on the GDPs’ experiences with the Hall Technique: its ease of use, its high patient acceptability, and the dentists’ perceived clinical effectiveness of the technique. Thirteen of the 14 GDPs stated that they would continue to use the Hall Technique routinely and only one thought that he would not use it. Conclusion Among a small group of GDPs with little experience or training in the use of the Hall Technique, it was perceived to be easy to use routinely, acceptable to patients and effective.
Mentoring. A Quality Assurance Tool for Dentists Part 6: Outcomes: Patient Care, Professional Development and Personal Growth Authentic Happiness for Dentists
Authors: Holt Vernon P , Ladwa Russ 
Published: January 2010

This paper is the last in a series of six papers that have described different aspects of mentoring. It considers the impact of mentoring when it is used in general dental practice, applying the technique of learning through positive psychology. The first part of the paper considers this approach from a patient's perspective, the second from the perspective of a dentist. Because the impact on the quality of care for the patient is largely mediated through the personality of the dentist, the quality of the dentist's own performance, during his/her professional relationship with the patient, is a critical ingredient. The way that this critical ingredient impacts on quality of care is considered and parallels are drawn between roles assumed in dental practice and those found in industry. The paper also considers the way in which mentoring, as a part of a professional development programme, can enhance dentists’ personal skills and performance. It is an opportunity for great personal growth, with increased levels of job and life satisfaction, leading to greater levels of authentic happiness for all those involved, not least for dentists and the dental team.
Cognitive mediators of the effect of peer victimization on loneliness
Authors: Catterson Jennifer. , Hunter Simon C. 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundThe impact of stress on psychological adjustment may be mediated by cognitive interpretations (i.e., appraisals) of events for individuals. Defining characteristics of loneliness suggest that appraisals of blame, threat, and perceived control may be particularly important in this domain.AimsTo evaluate the extent to which cognitive appraisals (perceived control, threat, and blame) can mediate the effect of peer victimization on loneliness.SampleOne hundred and ten children (54 boys, 56 girls) aged 8–12 years attending mainstream schools in Scotland.MethodSelf‐report measures of peer victimization, appraisal, and loneliness.ResultsPerceived control partially mediated the effects of peer victimization on loneliness, but neither blame nor threat were mediators. All three measures of control were significantly associated with loneliness at the bivariate level, but only perceived control was significant when the appraisals were entered as predictors in a hierarchical multiple linear regression.ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of research designs assessing multiple categories of appraisal. Furthermore, they suggest that intervention efforts aiming to combat feelings of loneliness within a peer victimization context should address children's appraisals of perceived control.
Evaluation of Two Automated Methods for Air-Void Analysis of Hardened Concrete
Authors: Ramezanianpour A. M. , Hooton R. D. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Air-void analysis of hardened concrete is typically performed according to ASTM C457–09 [“Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of Parameters of Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete,“ Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 4.2, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA], which can be tedious to perform and is operator subjective. Several alternative automated methods have been proposed, two of which are the Rapid Air 457 and the scanner method developed at Michigan Technological University. In each of these methods, images are collected from contrast enhanced surfaces of polished concrete, and image analysis is performed to calculate air-void system parameters. In this research, 22 concrete samples were examined using these two methods, the air-void system parameters were compared to those obtained from the ASTM C457 standard, and the precision of the results was compared to the recommendations of ASTM standard. It was concluded that the total air content and the spacing factor of the air voids measured by Rapid Air 457 and the scanner method were comparable to the air content and the spacing factor measured according to the standard manual method. Considering the fact that the automated image systems could detect air voids smaller in diameter than those typically seen by an operator, it was found that if these small air voids are counted, calculated spacing factors are smaller than those calculated by the manual method. If small diameter air voids are removed from the analysis, then spacing factors agree fairly well with those calculated by ASTM C457 from stereo-optical microscopy.
Nondestructive Fatigue Damage Analysis of a Thin Asphalt Concrete Course Using the Wavelet Correlation Method
Authors: Lee S. Joon , Seo Youngguk , Kim Y. Richard 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Stress wave analysis is employed herein as a nondestructive monitoring tool to assess the level of fatigue damage in a thin asphalt concrete (AC) overlay. A frequency-dependent cross-correlation procedure is developed to specify a stress wave at a desired frequency by using a wavelet kernel. This procedure is referred to as the wavelet correlation method (WCM). Once synthetic surface waves are constructed and subjected to simulated disturbances, such as structural damage or nearby frequencies, their phase velocities are computed using the WCM with over 96 % accuracy. The generated stress waves are periodically processed, while laboratory hot-mix asphalt pavements are trafficked by the third-scale model mobile loading simulator. The dispersion curves are then analyzed to validate that a wave of 16 kHz travels mainly within a 40∼60 mm thickness of a surface layer. Fatigue damage levels are quantified at intervals by the phase velocity that represents the AC elastic modulus. Microdamage healing of the AC during rest periods is then indexed and corrected by shifting the damage progress profile. Consequently, an early reduction in phase velocity, which is caused by microcracking, can be visually observed in the surface cracking once the phase velocity is reduced to about 50 % of the initial value regardless of pavement density and aggregate gradation. Thus, the WCM allows the optimal timing and scheduling of the preservation construction of a thin AC overlay by indicating the critical microdamage stage immediately prior to the visual evidence of surface cracking.
Health and Home Environments of Caregivers of Children Investigated by Child Protective Services
Authors: Burgess Amelia L. , Borowsky Iris W. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE:The goal was to describe the mental and physical health of caregivers and the home environments of children who have been investigated by child protective services (CPS).METHODS:Subjects were 5299 children 0 to 14 years of age, from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being, a cohort study of children investigated by CPS. The Short-Form Health Survey was used to measure mental and physical health. The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment-Short Form (HOME-SF) total and cognitive stimulation subscale scores were used to measure developmentally appropriate characteristics of children's home environments. These validated measures were compared across placement types, that is, remaining at home (investigated home), nonrelative foster care (foster care), and relative foster care (kin care).RESULTS:Kin and foster caregivers had better-than-average mental health, but 11% to 13% of kin/foster caregivers and 24% of investigated-home caregivers had scores consistent with untreated mental illness. All caregivers had worse-than-average physical health; 25% of foster and 26% of kin caregivers had scores consistent with serious physical illness. There was no significant difference in mean HOME-SF scores between foster and investigated homes. Kin care homes of 6- to-10-year-old children were superior to investigated and foster homes. All setting types had more homes in the lowest quartile than in the highest quartile for HOME-SF and cognitive stimulation subscale scores.CONCLUSIONS:A sizable minority of children investigated by CPS subsequently live in homes with mentally or physically ill caregivers and with developmentally inadequate nurturing and stimulation. Foster homes are indistinguishable from investigated homes on the HOME-SF. Clinicians should assess the mental and physical health of caregivers and should facilitate access to appropriate resources, including parent/caregiver training programs.
Measures of Arterial Stiffness in Youth With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wadwa R. Paul , Urbina Elaine M. , Anderson Andrea M. , Hamman Richard F. , Dolan Lawrence M. , Rodriguez Beatriz L. , Daniels Stephen R. , Dabelea Dana ,   for the SEARCH Study Group
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
Arterial stiffness occurs early in the atherosclerotic process; however, few data are available concerning risk factors for arterial stiffness in youth with diabetes. We identified factors associated with arterial stiffness in youth with diabetes and assessed the effects of these factors on the relationship between arterial stiffness and diabetes type (type 1 vs. type 2).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A subset of patients from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study with type 1 (n = 535) and type 2 diabetes (n = 60), aged 10–23 years (52% male; 82% non-Hispanic white; diabetes duration 65 ± 49 months) had arterial stiffness, anthropometrics, blood pressure, fasting lipids, and A1C measured. Arterial stiffness was measured by brachial distensibility (brachD), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index adjusted to heart rate of 75 beats/min (AI75).

RESULTS
Youth with type 2 diabetes had worse brachD (5.2 ± 0.9 vs. 6.1 ± 1.2%/mmHg), PWV (6.4 ± 1.3 vs. 5.3 ± 0.8 m/s), and AI75 (6.4 ± 9.9 vs. 2.2 ± 10.2%) than those with type 1 diabetes (P &lt; 0.01 for each). These differences were largely mediated through increased central adiposity and higher blood pressure in youth with type 2 diabetes. We also found a pattern of association of arterial stiffness measures with waist circumference and blood pressure, independent of diabetes type.

CONCLUSIONS
Youth with type 2 diabetes have worse arterial stiffness than similar youth with type 1 diabetes. Increased central adiposity and blood pressure are associated with measures of arterial stiffness, independent of diabetes type. Whether these findings indicate that youth with type 2 diabetes will be at higher risk for future complications requires longitudinal studies.
Comparison of Radial Versus Focused Extracorporeal Shock Waves in Plantar Fasciitis Using Functional Measures
Authors: Lohrer Heinz , Nauck Tanja , Dorn-Lange Nadja V. , Schöll Jakob , Vester Johannes C. 
Published: January 2010

Background: Recent literature shows evidence for effective treatment for plantar fasciitis using either focused or radial shock waves. Up to now no research has been available which compares these different procedures. We hypothesized (H0 Hypothesis) that for plantar fasciitis, outcomes following focused or radial shock wave treatment were equal. Materials and Methods: For this pilot study, 39 patients suffering from recalcitrant plantar fasciitis were randomized in two groups. Treatment was performed in three sessions. Once a week 2000 impulses of radial (0.17 mJ/mm 2 ) or focused (0.20 mJ/mm 2 ) shock waves were applied. Efficacy was determined by multivariate analysis of eight single variables including changes in Foot Functional Index, neuromuscular performance (Single leg drop and long jump, postural stability, isokinetic testing), and by a composite score from baseline to 12 weeks followup. Multivariate Wilcoxon tests (Wei-Lachin procedure) and formal meta-analytic procedure with adjustment for subgroups was performed to determine the adjusted effect sizes with their corresponding confidence intervals. Results: The overall result (“Crude Pooling”) shows “small” superiority of the focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (MW = 0.55, LB-CI = 0.4644). Adjusted for age the focused treatment exhibited “more than small” superiority (MW = 0.59, LB-CI > 0.5) and this result is statistically significant (LB-CI = 0.5067, benchmark for equality = 0.5). Conclusion: This study provides some evidence for focused extracorporeal shock wave treatment being superior to radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy for recalcitrant plantar fasciitis. Level of Evidence: I, Prospective Randomized Study
Microstructure and Thermal Diffusivity of Micro- and Nano-Sized YSZ
Authors: Moskal Grzegorz 
Published: January 2010

The thermal barrier coatings (TBC) enable to lower temperature (at approx. 170°C) of operating elements in a hot section of gas turbine to a range, which enables to operate for a long time in conditions of high temperature influence and prolongs operation of them even three or four times. Usually, the TBC coverings are constructed of four layers:
•	superalloys on a base of nickel;
•	outer ceramic zone, from which low thermal conduction is required. It is, in most cases, ZrO2 oxide stabilized with Y2O3 (YSZ – yttria stabilized zirconia), material of one of lowest values of thermal conductivity in high temperature of a rank 2.3 Wm-1K-1 in 1000°C for 100% density and thermal expansion of a rank 11×10-6°C-1, what enables to reduce thermal stresses. Usually, thickness of an outer ceramic layer is within a range 250-375μm;
•	bond coat of a type Ni(Co)CrAlY or diffusion layer of a type (Ni,Pt)Al;
•	layer of barrier oxides, accrueting as a result of temperature growth TGO (thermally grown oxide).
In the present study characterization of conventional micro-sized YSZ powders stabilized by 8% of yttria and in comparison nano-sized YSZ will be presented. The tests performed showed that the monoclinic phase content in the nanocrystalline powder is approx. 8.8%, and approx. 7.5% in the conventional powder. The chemical composition analysis and test of powder microstructure were also performed. Carbon, sulphur and gas nitrogen contents were determined and the results received were similar. The surface morphology and powder microstructure on the cross-sections were also characterized. The standard powder with spherical shape and relatively smooth surface is predominant. The internal structure is characterized by the presence of tiny sintered particles and low porosity. The nanocrystalline powder tests showed the presence of particles in the form of tiny polyhedrons with bimodal size distribution of particles (approx. 1μm and 10μm).
Urine Proteome Scans Uncover Total Urinary Protease, Prostaglandin D Synthase, Serum Amyloid P, and Superoxide Dismutase as Potential Markers of Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Wu Tianfu , Fu Yuyang , Brekken Deirdre , Yan Mei , Zhou Xin J. , Vanarsa Kamala , Deljavan Nima , Ahn Chul , Putterman Chaim , Mohan Chandra 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
To identify potential biomarkers in immune-mediated nephritis, urine from mice subjected to an augmented passive model of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM)-induced experimental nephritis was resolved using two-dimensional gels. The urinary proteome in these diseased mice was comprised of at least 71 different proteins. Using orthogonal assays, several of these molecules, including serum amyloid P (SAP), PG D synthase, superoxide dismutase, rennin, and total protease were validated to be elevated in the urine and kidneys of mice during anti-GBM disease, as well as in mice with spontaneously arising lupus nephritis. Among these, urinary protease was the only marker that appeared to be exclusively renal in origin, whereas the others were partly serum-derived. Longitudinal studies in murine lupus demonstrated that total urinary protease had better predictive value for histologically active nephritis (r = 0.78) compared with proteinuria (r = −0.04), azotemia (r = 0.28), or the other markers examined, whereas urine SAP emerged as the single most predictive marker of histological glomerulonephritis. Collectively, these studies uncover total urinary protease, PG D synthase, SAP, and superoxide dismutase as novel biomarkers of anti-GBM disease and lupus nephritis, with stronger correlation to renal disease compared with currently employed biomarkers. These findings could have important diagnostic and prognostic ramifications in the management of these renal diatheses.
Immunoregulatory Properties of Mouse Limbal Stem Cells
Authors: Holan Vladimir , Pokorna Katerina , Prochazkova Jana , Krulova Magdalena , Zajicova Alena 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Stem cells have been demonstrated in nearly all adult mammalian tissues and play a vital role in their physiological renewal and healing after injury. Due to their irreplaceable role in tissue repair, these cells had to develop mechanisms protecting them from deleterious inflammatory immune reactions and ensuring their increased resistance to various apoptosis-inducing agents. In this study, we demonstrate that a population of mouse limbal cells highly enriched for cells expressing markers and charateristics of limbal stem cells (LSCs) suppresses in a dose-dependent manner the proliferation of lymphocytes elicited by mitogens or TCR-triggering and significantly inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines by activated T cells. The suppression was mediated by soluble factor(s) and did not affect early cell activation. LSCs were even more suppressive than mesenchymal stem cells or natural regulatory T cells. In addition, the cells expressing markers and characteristics of LSC had significantly higher levels of mRNA for Fas ligand and for the antiapoptotic molecules Mcl-1, XIAP, and survivin than other limbal cell populations. LSCs were also more resistant to staurosporin-induced apoptotic cell death and to cell-mediated cytotoxic reaction than other limbal cells. Collectively, these results suggest that SC isolated from fresh adult limbal tissue possess immunomodulatory properties and inhibit proinflammatory immune reactions. Simultaneously, these cells express high levels of mRNA for antiapoptotic molecules, which can protect them against cell-mediated cytotoxic reactions and various apoptosis-inducing agents.
So mechanical or routine: The not original in Feist
Authors: Warner Julian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe United States Supreme Court case of 1991, Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Tel. Service Co., continues to be highly significant for property in data and databases, but remains poorly understood. The approach taken in this article contrasts with previous studies. It focuses upon the “not original” rather than the original. The delineation of the absence of a modicum of creativity in selection, coordination, and arrangement of data as a component of the not original forms a pivotal point in the Supreme Court decision. The author also aims at elucidation rather than critique, using close textual exegesis of the Supreme Court decision. The results of the exegesis are translated into a more formal logical form to enhance clarity and rigor.The insufficiently creative is initially characterized as “so mechanical or routine.” Mechanical and routine are understood in their ordinary discourse senses, as a conjunction or as connected by AND, and as the central clause. Subsequent clauses amplify the senses of mechanical and routine without disturbing their conjunction.The delineation of the absence of a modicum of creativity can be correlated with classic conceptions of computability. The insufficiently creative can then be understood as a routine selection, coordination, or arrangement produced by an automatic mechanical procedure or algorithm. An understanding of a modicum of creativity and of copyright law is also indicated.The value of the exegesis and interpretation is identified as its final simplicity, clarity, comprehensiveness, and potential practical utility.