bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical multi-colour fluorescence imaging of malignant tumours - initial experience
Authors: Svanberg K. , Wang I. , Colleen S. , Idvall I. , Ingvar C. , Rydell R. , Jocham D. , Diddens H. , Bown S. , Gregory G. , Montán S. , Andersson-Engels S. , Svanberg S. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: the detection of malignant tumours relies on a variety of diagnostic procedures including X-ray images and, for hollow organs, endoscopy. the purpose of this study was to present a new technique for non-invasive tumour detection based on tissue fluorescence imaging Material and Methods: A clinically adapted multi-colour fluorescence system was employed in the real-time imaging of malignant tumours of the skin, breast, head and neck region, and urinary bladder. Tumour detection was based on the contrast displayed in fluorescence between normal and malignant tissue, related to the selective uptake of tumour-marking agents, such as haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and δ-amino levulinic acid (ALA), and natural chromophore differences between various tissues. in order to demarcate basal cell carcinomas of the skin, ALA was applied topically 4–6 h before the fluorescence investigation. for urinary bladder tumour visualisation (transitional cell carcinoma of different stages including carcinoma in situ), ALA was instilled into the bladder 1–2 h prior to the study. Malignant and premalignant lesions in the head and neck region were imaged after i.v. injection of HPD (Photofrin). Finally, the extent of in situ and invasive carcinomas of the breast was investigated in surgically excised specimens from patients that received a low-dose injection of HPD 24 h prior to the study. the tumour imaging system was coupled to an endoscope. Fluorescence light emission from the tissue surface was induced with 100-nslong optical pulses at 390 nm, generated from a frequency-doubled alexandrite laser. with the use of special image-splitting optics, the tumour fluorescence, intensified in a micro-channel plate, was imaged in 3 selected wavelength bands. These 3 images were processed together to form a new optimised-contrast image of the tumour. This image, updated at a rate of about 3 frames/s, was mixed with a normal colour video image of the tissue Results: A clear demarcation from normal surrounding tissue was found during in vivo measurements of superficial bladder carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma of the skin, and leukoplakia with dysplasia of the lip, and in in vitro investigations of resected breast cancer Conclusions: the initial clinical experience of using multi-colour fluorescence imaging has shown that the technique has the potential to reveal malignant tumour tissue, including non-invasive early carcinoma and also precancerous tissue. Further investigations are needed to fully develop the method
Overhauser-enhanced MR imaging (OMRI)
Authors: Golman K. , Leunbach I. , Ardenkjær-Larsen J. H. , Ehnholm G. J. , Wistrand L.-G. , Petersson J. S. , Järvi A. , Vahasalo S. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to evaluate a new single-electron contrast agent for Overhauser-enhanced MR imaging. the contrast agents that are currently available give enhancement factors that are too low to make the technique a valid option for routine clinical use Material and Methods: MR images were generated directly following the injection of the substance into rats. the MR scanner was operated at a main magnetic field of 0.01 T and equipped with a separate rf-transmitter tuned to the electron paramagnetic resonance frequency of the contrast agent Results: as expected, the images generated show a high level of enhancement in areas where the contrast agent was present, and a maximum enhancement of 60 times the normal proton signal was obtained in the vascular area. the signal-to-noise ratios in the images were superior to those previously attained Conclusion: the new contrast agent makes it possible to generate MR images with both morphological and functional information at 0.01 T. the signal-to-noise ratios found in the generated images were of the same order as, or better than, those obtained with the standard clinical routine
MR abnormalities of the intervertebral disks and adjacent bone marrow as predictors of segmental instability of the lumbar spine
Authors: Bräm J. , Zanetti M. , Min K. , Hodler J. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to assess whether MR abnormalities of the intervertebral disks and adjacent bone marrow can predict segmental instability of the lumbar spine as diagnosed on functional radiographs Material and Methods: A consecutive review was made of 60 patients examined with MR imaging and with lateral flexion and extension views of the lumbar spine. Sagittal T1- and T2-weighted images were evaluated blindly with regard to abnormalities of the intervertebral disk and the adjacent bone marrow. Segmental instability was diagnosed when a.p. translation of 3 mm or more was present on the functional radiographs. Moreover, the presence of osteophytes was evaluated on lateral standard radiographs Results: of a total of 300 segments, 32 (10.7%) were unstable. Anular tears were the most relevant MR finding. Their sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for segmental instability were 18.8%, 97.0%, 42.9% and 90.9%. the corresponding values for traction osteophytes were 12.5%, 98.1%, 44.4% and 90.4%. Abnormalities of bone marrow were not significantly related to segmental instability ( p = 0.35) Conclusion: Functional radiographs should be considered in patients with anular tears or traction osteophytes. No correlation was found between segmental instability and abnormalities of bone marrow adjacent to the endplates
Joint-space width in the weight-bearing radiogram of the tibiofemoral joint
Authors: Boegård T. , Rudling O. , Petersson I. F. , Jonsson K. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: the aim of the study was to compare the minimal joint-space (MJS) width of the tibiofemoral joint (TFJ) in weight-bearing radiograms with the patient in two different positions Material and Methods: from a study of 54 patients with chronic knee pain (aged 42–59 years, mean 52 years), we selected 21 consecutive patients for this study. in these 21 patients, both knees were examined by means of p.a. weight-bearing radiograms in semiflexion with fluoroscopic guidance. the patient stood with the weight: 1) almost entirely on the examined leg; and 2) equally distributed on both legs. the MJS was measured with a scale loupe in tenths of a millimeter in the medial and lateral compartments of the TFJ Results: with the patient standing on one leg, the MJS was 0.18 mm wider (p<0.006) in the medial compartment and 0.18 mm narrower (p<0.029) in the lateral compartment as compared to standing on both legs Conclusion: with the technique used, the assessment of the MJS width in the p.a. view of the TFJ in weight-bearing examinations should be performed with equal weight on both legs. Standing on only the examined leg might be an option in cases of suspected narrowing in the lateral compartment
Advance in the diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Ueyama T. , Kawamoto K. , Yamada Y. , Yoshikawa H. , Masuda K. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to assess the clinical utility of computed radiographic images processed with adaptive spatial filtering (ASF) in the diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma Material and Methods: After determining the optimal values for ASF image parameters in double-contrast barium studies, we used ASF to process the esophagograms of 35 patients with 37 esophageal carcinomas (superficial 20, advanced 17). the image quality of each lesion was evaluated independently by four radiologists on the basis of detectability, extent, and surface structure. the scoring was: 1 when the ASF image was superior to the original; — 1 when the converse was true; and 0 when quality of images was equal Results: in superficial carcinoma, the mean scores for image quality with regard to detectability, extent, and surface structure were 0.19, 0.48, and 0.31 respectively. in advanced carcinoma, the scores were 0.00, 0.76, and 0.25 respectively Conclusion: ASF offers an improved image quality which is valuable in the evaluation of esophageal carcinoma, particularly in the detection of superficial carcinomas and in the identification of intraepithelial extension
Familial juvenile nephronophthisis
Authors: Ala-Mello S. , Jääskeläinen J. , Koskimies O. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To evaluate progressive US changes in the kidneys of patients with familial juvenile nephronophthisis (NPH), an autosomal recessive progressive kidney disease with polyuria, polydipsia, anemia and growth retardation Material and Methods: The data from 29 US investigations of 5 boys and 2 girls comprised findings relating to kidney size, echogenicity of the kidney parenchyma, visualization of the corticomedullary junction, and the parameters of renal cysts Results: In the early stages of NPH, when the serum creatinine values were between 134 and 370 μmol/l, the corticomedullary differentiation was weak in 6 patients, the echogenicity of the kidney parenchyma was equal to or greater than that of the liver in 5 patients, and 6 patients had developed renal cysts. the findings became more intensive with the progression of NPH. the size of the kidneys remained normal in 4 patients Conclusion: Renal US reveals characteristic changes already in the early stages of NPH and should therefore be an important part of the diagnostics of NPH because no specific diagnostic test is as yet available
Helium gas microbubbles
Authors: Nishiharu T. , Yamashita Y. , Arakawa A. , Mitsuzaki K. , Matsukawa T. , Takahashi M. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To evaluate histological changes and duration of enhancement after the intra-arterial injection of helium gas microbubbles in comparison with conventionally used carbon dioxide (CO2) microbubbles at US Material and Methods: Four different doses of helium gas microbubbles (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 ml/kg) mixed with normal saline and own blood were injected into the celiac artery of 8 rabbits. After one week, autopsies were performed on all animals and histological changes in the liver, stomach and spleen were studied on hematoxylin-eosin stains. in addition, VX-2 tumor strains were transplanted into the femoral muscle in 5 other rabbits. Four weeks after transplantation, we catheterized the femoral artery and either CO2 or helium gas microbubbles were injected under US observation. We evaluated the duration of enhancement in the tumors with the two types of microbubbles Results: On histological evaluation, damage in hepatic cells as well as multiple areas of gastritis in the stomach were seen when a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of helium gas was used. Damage in the liver and stomach was slight at a dose of 0.2 ml/kg. the spleen was not damaged at doses of under 0.5 ml/kg. in the evaluation of tumor enhancement, the duration of enhancement with helium gas microbubbles ranged from 28 to 45 min (average 36 min) while that with CO2 ranged from 4 to 12 min (average 9 min) (p>0.001 at paired t-test) Conclusion: Intra-arterial injection of helium gas should not exceed 0.2 ml/kg: a dose of 0.5 ml/kg may cause damage to the liver and stomach. the duration of enhancement with helium gas microbubbles is significantly longer than that with CO2 microbubbles
Septic and aseptic post-operative discitis in the lumbar spine — evaluation by MR imaging
Authors: Grane P. , Josephsson A. , Seferlis A. , Tullberg T. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: the aim of this study was to determine whether it was possible to differentiate septic from aseptic post-operative discitis in the lumbar spine by means of MR imaging Material and Methods: the study was a retrospective evaluation of 12 patients with prior lumbar discectomy and suspected post-operative discitis displaying low-back pain and typical MR findings. Six patients had elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (septic) and 6 had normal CRP (aseptic). We used MR imaging to assess the distribution and degree of changes in the disc, in adjacent bone marrow, and in surrounding soft tissue Results: of the 6 patients with increased CRP levels, 3 had extensive MR changes typical of septic post-operative discitis: 1 found soon after surgery; 2 found later. the other 3 patients with septic discitis, who were examined in the early post-operative period, showed MR changes similar to those in the 6 patients with aseptic discitis Conclusion: Suspicion of septic post-operative discitis should be confirmed by MR imaging, serum CRP, and disc puncture. MR imaging is not reliable as the sole method for distinguishing septic from aseptic discitis in the early post-operative stage
MR imaging in chronic achilles tendon disorder
Authors: Movin T. , Kristoffersen-Wiberg M. , Rolf C. , Aspelin P. 
Published: January 2010

Objectives: the primary objective was to compare 4 imaging sequences (T1-weighted, T2-weighted, proton density, and T1-weighted with gadolinium contrast agent enhancement) with regard to intratendinous signal abnormality in patients with achillodynia. the secondary objective was to relate the images to the clinical symptoms and histopathological findings Material and Methods: Twenty patients (16 men, 4 women, median age 40 years) with chronic achillodynia participated in the study. the symptoms prohibited activity and clinical examination revealed swelling and tenderness 1.5–6 cm proximal to the Achilles tendon insertion. of the 20 patients: 5 had bilateral achillodynia, 4 had had previous contralateral Achilles tendon disorder, and 11 had never had symptoms in the contralateral tendon region. These 11 tendons served as controls for comparison MR imaging was performed on a superconductive 1.5 T unit. Both Achilles tendons were examined (n=40) at the same time, and multiple sagittal and transversal images were obtained. the corresponding sections on these images were visually graded according to both extension and level of MR signal intensity. Tissue was obtained for microscopic examination from the most symptomatic side in all patients (n=20) Results: T1-weighted images following gadolinium contrast medium enhancement proved to be the best method by which to visualize intratendinous signal abnormality. This sequence revealed signal abnormality in 24/25 symptomatic tendons and in 1/11 control tendons ( p>0.001). Histopathological examination showed an increased noncollagenous extracellular matrix and altered fiber structure in the lesions corresponding to the contrast-enhanced areas Conclusion: Gadolinium enhancement improved the imaging of intratendinous signal abnormality on T1-weighted images. There was a high level of extracellular glycosaminoglycans, which are highly-fixed negatively-charged macromolecules with extreme water-retaining capacity and which may have contributed to the enhancement by the gadolinium contrast agent
Early esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Ueyama T. , Kawamoto K. , Yamada Y. , Masuda K. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: the aim of this study was to assess the depth of invasion of early esophageal carcinoma (EEC) by means of double-contrast esophagography Material and Methods: the radiological findings of 46 EECs were retrospectively analyzed for the following factors that might be related to the depth of invasion: in depressed lesions (n=30): maximum size, surface appearance, sharpness of contour, and wall rigidity; and in elevated lesions (n=16): maximum size, height, shape, and wall rigidity. All lesions were surgically or endoscopically resected and the radiological findings were compared with the histological appearance Results: in depressed lesions, the size of the surface granules correlated very strongly with the depth of invasion (rs=0.8147). in both depressed and elevated lesions, wall rigidity correlated strongly with the depth of invasion (rs=0.7540 and rs=0.6702 respectively). in depressed lesions, sharpness of contour also correlated strongly with the depth of invasion (rs=0.6731). the other factors did not correlate with the depth of invasion Conclusion: Double-contrast esophagography could provide useful information for assessing the depth of invasion of EECs
Spiral CT during pharmacoangiography with angiotensin II in patients with pancreatic disease
Authors: Kuroda C. , Mihara N. , Hosomi N. , Inoue E. , Fujita M. , Ohigashi H. , Ishikawa O. , Nakaizumi A. , Ishiguro S. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to compare the diagnostic efficacy of pancreatic pharmacoangiographic CT using angiotensin II with conventional angiographic CT Material and Methods: Eighteen patients with space-occupying pancreatic disease were examined in this study. Pharmacoangiographic CT was performed with a 1–3-ůg/6-ml solution of angiotensin II injected through a catheter into the celiac artery during spiral CT Results: in 17 of the 18 (94%) patients, the area of pancreatic parenchymal enhancement was the same or larger at pharmacoangiographic CT than at conventional angiographic CT. the attenuation value of the pancreatic parenchyma was significantly increased at pharmacoangiographic CT ( p=0.0010). Although the attenuation value of tumors was also increased on images obtained after the injection of angiotensin II, the tumor-to-pancreas contrast was significantly greater at pharmacoangiographic CT ( p=0.0479). the mean differences in attenuation between tumor and pancreas at angiographic CT with and without angiotensin II were respectively 182 HU and 115 HU Conclusion: Pharmacoangiographic CT with angiotensin II proved superior to conventional angiographic CT in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease. We therefore recommend it as a supplementary technique at the angiographic examination of patients with suspected pancreatic tumor
Sensitivity in detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma by helical ct with intra-arterial injection of contrast medium, and by helical CT and MR imaging with intravenous injection of contrast medium
Authors: Hori M. , Murakami T. , Oi H. , Kim T. , Takahashi S. , Matsushita M. , Tomoda K. , Narumi Y. , Kadowaki K. , Nakamura H. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to determine the effectiveness of i.a. contrast-enhanced helical CT and of i.v. contrast-enhanced helical CT and MR imaging, in detecting hyper-vascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Material and Methods: Fifty patients with 125 hypervascular HCC nodules underwent helical CT both during arterial portography (CTAP) and during hepatic arteriography (CTHA). Helical CT and MR imaging of the entire liver with i.v. administration of contrast medium were also performed. Helical CT images were obtained at 30–33 s (arterial-phase CT) and at 5 min (equilibrium-phase CT) after the initiation of an i.v. bolus injection of contrast medium. After T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo MR imaging, gradient-echo images during breath-holding were obtained prior to and 20 s, 1 min, and 2 min after the bolus administration of 0.1 mmol/kg of gadopentetate dimeglumine (dynamic MR). the sensitivity and positive predictive value of the various techniques were evaluated and compared Results: in terms of sensitivity for hypervascular HCC nodules of less than 1 cm in diameter, CTAP (90%) and CTHA (88%) were significantly superior to dynamic MR imaging (44%), arterial-phase CT (39%), spin-echo MR imaging (20%), and equilibrium-phase CT (7%) ( p>0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the techniques with regard to the detection of lesions equal to or more than 2 cm in diameter Conclusion: for detecting small hypervascular HCCs, helical CT with i.a. contrast enhancement is superior to helical CT and MR imaging with i.v. enhancement
Magnetic starch microspheres in the MR imaging of hepatic metastases
Authors: Sundin A. , Wang C. , Ericsson A. , Fahlvik A.-K. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to evaluate reticular endothelial system-specific magnetic starch microspheres (MSM) as an i.v. contrast agent for MR imaging in a model of experimental liver metastases Material and Methods: the study comprised 15 nude rats, 7 of which were carrying hepatic metastases from a human colonic cancer. the 15 rats were examined at 0.5 T using a T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) sequence and a gradientecho sequence. the examinations were performed before and 15 min after the administration of accumulated doses of MSM at 0.25–2.5 mg Fe/kg b.w. the images were compared with corresponding serial liver specimens Results: A loss of liver signal intensity was obtained at all MSM dose levels. No metastases were detected in the pre-contrast images. the optimum detection rate of hepatic metastases was reached with the SE sequence at a dose of 1.0 mg Fe/kg b.w. MSM and the diameters of the smallest lesions depicted were 1 mm. However, in the SE sequence, the measured lesion-to-liver contrast and liver signal damping were highest at the largest dose, indicating a possible image degrading effect of MSM at high doses. Administration of MSM as a short bolus over 30 s resulted in congestion of the liver with dilatation of the hepatic veins. When MSM was instead injected slowly over 5 min, this adverse effect was not seen Conclusion: the use of MSM dramatically increased the detection of experimental hepatic metastases
Peritoneocele and enterocele
Authors: Bremmer S. , Mellgren A. , Holmström B. , Udén R. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to study, by means of defaeco-peritoneography, the formation and transformation of the peritoneocele, with and without an enterocele, during rectal evacuation Material and Methods: Forty-six patients with a peritoneocele at defaeco-peritoneography were selected for the study, and examined at three different stages: 1) at the start with a contrast-filled rectum; 2) at maximum straining; and 3) at rest after rectal evacuation Results: Fourteen patients had a peritoneocele at the start. These peritoneoceles were largest at maximum straining and were all still present at rest after rectal evacuation. in 32 patients defaeco-peritoneography was regarded as normal at the start. at maximum straining these patients developed a peritoneocele and 20 of these were still present after rectal evacuation. No enterocele was seen at the start. at maximum straining 21 patients developed an enterocele and 15 of these were still present after rectal evacuation. Liquid in varying amounts was found in the peritoneoceles Conclusion: the present study demonstrated that peritoneoceles were present at different stages of the defaeco-peritoneographic investigations. Peritoneoceles were most frequent and largest at maximum straining. an enterocele was present in half of the peritoneoceles at maximum straining, but never at the start. Liquid was often present in the peritoneoceles