bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
US enacts sweeping financial reform legislation
Authors: Barth James , Jahera John 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the major provisions of the Dodd‐Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act passed by the US Congress and signed into law by President Obama on July 21, 2010.Design/methodology/approachThis does not offer any empirical analysis of the new law given that it has just been adopted. The paper does provide discussion of the major provisions with some commentary on the arguments for an against each provision.FindingsThe new law represents the most sweeping changes in financial regulation and supervision in the USA since the Great Depression. The role of the Federal Government is greatly expanded in almost all aspects of the financial sector of the economy and will affect consumers, investors, and managers of financial service firms. Many feel that the effect of the law will be to adversely affect the competitive environment while others feel the additional regulation is necessary to prevent another financial crisis.Research limitations/implicationsAs the provisions of this law become more clear, much research will be needed to assess the true economic impact of the law and whether it is indeed providing the additional safeguards against a financial crisis.Originality/valueThis review of the new law offers a concise discussion of the major provisions of the recently passed law. This review is of value to those seeking an introduction to the law and its provisions and implications.
Festival management studies
Authors: Getz Donald , Andersson Tommy , Carlsen J. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop both a systematic framework and priorities for comparative and cross‐cultural festival management studies, based on literature review and results of a four‐country study.Design/methodology/approachThis research is based on four samples of festivals in Sweden, Norway, UK, and Australia that are systematically compared. The survey is designed to profile the festivals in terms of vision/mandate, ownership, age, size, assets, venues used, decision‐making structure, and programs. Costs and revenues are examined in some detail, including trends in each category. Festivals' use of volunteers and sponsors are specifically addressed. Levels of dependence on a number of types of stakeholders and other strategic management issues are also explored. Respondents are also asked to respond to statements regarding challenges and threats to their festival and organization.FindingsThe empirical research identifies important similarities and differences that exist within the UK, Sweden, Norway, and Australia, by three ownership types, in how festivals are organized, their operations and strategies, stakeholder influences and dependencies, threats, and strategies.Research limitations/implicationsIn the recommended framework are five components: antecedents; planning and management; planned event experiences and meanings; outcomes and the impacted and dynamic patterns; and processes. Specific points of comparison are enumerated within each component, foundation theories and concepts are identified, and some research priorities suggested for each.Originality/valueThe framework developed in this paper can help advance both the process and applications of comparative festival studies.
Les tombes juives en Europe : commémoration publique ou espace rituel ?
Authors: Polonovski Max 
Published: September 2010

RésuméLe cas du cimetière de Nis, en ex‐Yougoslavie, pourrait constituer un bon exemple de la complexité de la situation des cimetières juifs en Europe de l’est. Il s’agit d’un cimetière sépharade de plus de 1 000 tombes, qui comporte de nombreuses pierres tombales aux inscriptions cabalistiques très intéressantes et très rares. L’anéantissement total de la communauté juive pendant l’occupation nazie et la confiscation du cimetière par le gouvernement communiste ont entraîné un processus d’abandon (Note à l’éditeur : INSÉRER LA DATE). Une communauté de Roms s’est emparée du lieu et s’y est installée, logée dans l’oratoire et les tombes. À la fin des années 1990, un responsable de la communauté juive de Bosnie se mit à protester contre cette profanation. Des intellectuels juifs joignirent leurs voix à la sienne pour obtenir du gouvernement le déménagement de la colonie tzigane. Il fallut plusieurs années de campagne internationale et le travail d’un groupe de volontaires pour nettoyer le cimetière et engager sa restauration. L’impression de vandalisme scandaleux est amplifiée par la présence des tziganes. Une minorité persécutée occupe de manière choquante l’espace sacré d’une autre minorité persécutée.
Trois tombes de Marie Madeleine
Authors: Chilton Bruce 
Published: September 2010

RésuméVézelay, Saint‐Maximin et Magdala sont loin d’être les seuls lieux où Marie Madeleine est censée être enterrée. Mais ce sont les plus importants, et chacun livre un aperçu des manières dont préservation, pratique religieuse, intérêts commerciaux et recherche historique peuvent coexister, même lorsqu’ils poursuivent des buts qui leur sont propres. Dans chaque cas, l’écologie de ces intérêts variés a permis aux sites culturels d’être préservés, et ouvre des perspectives à la pratique, à l’avenir, d’une écologie plus équilibrée et progressiste.
Patrimoine ironique : surmonter les divisions entre communautés en riant ensemble du passé ?
Authors: Holtorf Cornelius 
Published: September 2010

RésuméLa nature essentialisante et exclusive des identités collectives définies par le patrimoine culturel attise souvent des conflits entre nations ou autres groupes sociaux. Dans cet article, je cherche quel type de patrimoine pourrait unir la société civile au lieu de la diviser. Je suggère que le patrimoine ne peut contribuer à la cohésion sociale que lorsqu’il paraît être àégale distance de chacun dans la société actuelle. Cette distance ne s’obtient pas qu’à l’aide d’un faux patrimoine librement inventé et qui n’a jamais existé, mais aussi par un patrimoine ironisé qui ébranle les visions conventionnelles du patrimoine sur un mode humoristique. Je présente plusieurs exemples spécifiques de ce patrimoine ironique qui provoque le rire commun, et donc un lien social implicite franchissant n’importe quelles barrières nationales, politiques ou sociales.
Une diaspora peut‐elle tester les limites de la gestion des biens archéologiques ? Bonne gestion et éthique de la sollicitude
Authors: Pantazatos Andreas 
Published: September 2010

RésuméDans le présent article, j’avance l’idée que la gestion des biens archéologiques, bien qu’on lui ait reproché de n’avoir pas su fournir des conseils moralement pertinents aux archéologues, peut tout de même fournir une ligne de conduite éthique. Il faut pour cela que nous nous penchions sur les valeurs éthiques qui forment son cadre normatif, comme par exemple la sollicitude.
Patrimoine culturel et conflit : le regard de l’Europe
Authors: Dolff‐Bonekämper Gabi 
Published: September 2010

RésuméPourquoi se concentrer sur le patrimoine culturel et le conflit ? Ne devrions‐nous pas laisser le conflit en dehors de notre discours sur le patrimoine, car il pourrait gâcher l’effet positif que nous souhaitons produire ? Le patrimoine est en soi un vestige du passé et, qu’il soit ancien ou récent, beau ou non, il ne se contente jamais de ne refléter que le bon côté de l’histoire. Il se peut que le côté obscur de l’histoire soit moins plaisant, mais il ne disparaît pas. Nous devons nous confronter à la complexité matérielle et sémantique des bâtiments historiques, des sites archéologiques, des œuvres d’art, des artéfacts, des collections – et livrer une interprétation prenant en compte, entre autres choses, leur capacitéà susciter le débat. La Déclaration de Fribourg sur les droits culturels (Fribourg, 2007), qui proclame que toute personne dispose d’un droit individuel au patrimoine, ainsi que la Convention‐cadre du Conseil de l’Europe sur la Valeur du patrimoine culturel pour la société (Convention de Faro, 2005), ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives à la participation sociale dans la fabrique du patrimoine, et de nouvelles lignes de tension, d’opposition et de débat, car davantage de personnes seront encouragées à prendre part au débat et à la négociation. Le raisonnement qui sous‐tend l’idée de tels débats sur le patrimoine est qu’après les échanges de vues, les parties opposées pourraient être en situation de mieux identifier ce sur quoi elles sont en désaccord, d’accepter peut‐être certains des arguments de l’adversaire et d’être d’accord sur certains point, ou de courageusement s’accorder sur un désaccord, ce qui est après tout une certaine forme de consensus.
Le projet de cimetière africain : un paradigme pour la coopération ?
Authors: Blakey Michael L. 
Published: September 2010

RésuméLe cimetière africain du xviiie siècle de New York a commencé par être un cimetière municipal où ont été enterrés les restes de 15 000 Africains réduits en esclavage. Il a été abandonné au développement urbain durant les xixe et xxe siècles, mais redécouvert au tournant du xxie siècle, son emplacement au cœur de Manhattan en centre‐ville devenant le lieu d’un conflit et d’une collaboration extraordinaires sur les plans religieux, politique et scientifique. Passant de la profanation en 1991 au statut de monument national en 2007, le site représente une réussite exemplaire de la bio‐archéologie au service de la lutte pour les droits de l’homme d’une communauté de descendants. Cet article propose des enseignements tirés de cette lutte et attire l’attention sur l’intérêt déontologique et épistémologique de l’anthropologie engagée aux côtés des citoyens.
Towards Enhanced Galactose Utilization by
Lactococcus lactis
Authors: Neves Ana R. , Pool Wietske A. , Solopova Ana , Kok Jan , Santos Helena , Kuipers Oscar P. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Accumulation of galactose in dairy products due to partial lactose fermentation by lactic acid bacteria yields poor-quality products and precludes their consumption by individuals suffering from galactosemia. This study aimed at extending our knowledge of galactose metabolism in
Lactococcus lactis
, with the final goal of tailoring strains for enhanced galactose consumption. We used directed genetically engineered strains to examine galactose utilization in strain NZ9000 via the chromosomal Leloir pathway (
gal
genes) or the plasmid-encoded tagatose 6-phosphate (Tag6P) pathway (
lac
genes). Galactokinase (GalK), but not galactose permease (GalP), is essential for growth on galactose. This finding led to the discovery of an alternative route, comprising a galactose phosphotransferase system (PTS) and a phosphatase, for galactose dissimilation in NZ9000. Introduction of the Tag6P pathway in a
galPMK
mutant restored the ability to metabolize galactose but did not sustain growth on this sugar. The latter strain was used to prove that
lacFE
, encoding the lactose PTS, is necessary for galactose metabolism, thus implicating this transporter in galactose uptake. Both PTS transporters have a low affinity for galactose, while GalP displays a high affinity for the sugar. Furthermore, the GalP/Leloir route supported the highest galactose consumption rate. To further increase this rate, we overexpressed
galPMKT
, but this led to a substantial accumulation of α-galactose 1-phosphate and α-glucose 1-phosphate, pointing to a bottleneck at the level of α-phosphoglucomutase. Overexpression of a gene encoding α-phosphoglucomutase alone or in combination with
gal
genes yielded strains with galactose consumption rates enhanced up to 50% relative to that of NZ9000. Approaches to further improve galactose metabolism are discussed.
Role of Surface Protein SasG in Biofilm Formation by
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Geoghegan Joan A. , Corrigan Rebecca M. , Gruszka Dominika T. , Speziale Pietro , O'Gara James P. , Potts Jennifer R. , Foster Timothy J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

The SasG surface protein of
Staphylococcus aureus
has been shown to promote the formation of biofilm. SasG comprises an N-terminal A domain and repeated B domains. Here we demonstrate that SasG is involved in the accumulation phase of biofilm, a process that requires a physiological concentration of Zn
2+
. The B domains, but not the A domain, are required. Purified recombinant B domain protein can form dimers
in vitro
in a Zn
2+
-dependent fashion. Furthermore, the protein can bind to cells that have B domains anchored to their surface and block biofilm formation. The full-length SasG protein exposed on the cell surface is processed within the B domains to a limited degree, resulting in cleaved proteins of various lengths being released into the supernatant. Some of the released molecules associate with the surface-exposed B domains that remain attached to the cell. Studies using inhibitors and mutants failed to identify any protease that could cause the observed cleavage within the B domains. Extensively purified recombinant B domain protein is very labile, and we propose that cleavage occurs spontaneously at labile peptide bonds and that this is necessary for biofilm formation.
Blood pressure control in patients receiving bevacizumab in an outpatient cancer center
Authors: Bottiglieri Sal , Muluneh Benyam , Sutphin Stephanie , Iacovelli Lew , Adams Val 
Published: September 2010

Purpose. Hypertension is a common adverse effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling inhibitors, such as bevacizumab, with an incidence upwards of 35%. The management of bevacizumab-induced hypertension is important in order to avoid dose interruption/discontinuation and/or end organ damage. The efficacy of antihypertensive medications for this cause of hypertension has not been demonstrated. This study seeks to determine if antihypertensives are effective in treating anti-VEGF-induced hypertension from bevacizumab and determine which classes of antihypertensive agents are effective. Methods. A retrospective review of all patients who received bevacizumab between January 2007 and September 2009 at two medical centers was conducted. Patients were included if they experienced new onset or exacerbation of preexisting hypertension, during bevacizumab treatment. Efficacy of antihypertensives was determined by recording a 28-day change in systolic blood pressure from the initiation or dose increase of individual antihypertensive medications. Secondary endpoints included an efficacy analysis of antihypertensive classes. Results. Five-hundred thirteen patients were identified as receiving bevacizumab during the indicated time period. Fifty-seven patients met the full inclusion/exclusion criteria for analysis. The average systolic blood pressure declined by 23 mm Hg with 4 weeks of treatment ( p < 0.0001). Each class had a statistically significant decline in systolic blood pressure of 15.5–57 mm Hg with the exception of diuretics and a group of miscellaneous antihypertensives. Conclusions. This is the first data that demonstrates individual classes of antihypertensives are effective in bevacizumab-induced hypertension. Most antihypertensives were effective in reducing blood pressure, with the exception of diuretics and miscellaneous antihypertensives, which may be due to a limited sample size.
The effect of monotherapy and combined therapy with NSC-631570 (Ukrain) on growth of low- and high-metastasizing B16 melanoma in mice
Authors: Skivka LM , Susak YaM , Trompak OO , Kudryavets YuI , Bezdeneznikh N , Semesiuk N , Lykhova O 
Published: September 2010

Background. NSC-631570 (Ukrain) is a semisynthetic derivative of the Chelidonium majus alcaloids and the alkylans thiotepa. It exerts a selective cytotoxic effect on tumor cells in vitro and in vivo and shows the ability to modulate immunocyte functions. Purpose. The aim of our work was to carry out a comparative investigation of the effects of NSC-631570 alone or in combination with pathogen-associated molecules (PAM) on the growth of low- and high-metastasizing melanoma B16 in mice. Methods. NSC-631570 was administered intravenously and PAM intramuscularly to tumor-bearing mice seven times every third day, starting from the second day after the transplantation of tumor cells. The effect of monotherapy and combined therapy on tumor growth was evaluated by the indices of tumor growth inhibition in experimental animals. Cell cycle distribution of cancer cells was determined by flow cytometry. TAP1 and TAP2 expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. The metabolic activity of phagocytes was determined by NBT-test, phagocytosis was tested by flow cytometry, and arginase activity was estimated by colorimetric determination of urea. Results. Combined therapy and monotherapy with NSC-631570 resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth in melanoma-bearing mice. Monotherapy with Ukrain was more effective in mice with high-metastasizing tumors. The therapeutic efficacy of NSC-631570 used in combination with PAM was more expressed in mice with low-metastasizing melanoma. Conclusion. The effectiveness of monotherapy and combined therapy with NSC-631570 in the treatment of melanoma B16 depends on the biological properties of the tumor and the immune state of the organism.
Transport studies of MBE-grown InAs/GaSb superlattices
Authors: Szmulowicz F. , Haugan H.J. , Elhamri S. , Brown G.J. , Mitchel W.C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report on the results of transport studies of MBE-grown InAs/GaSb superlattices. We demonstrate that the in-plane mobility is limited by interface roughness scattering by showing that, as a function of InAs layer width L, the in-plane mobility behaves as μ ∝ L5.3, which closely follows the classic sixth power dependence expected from theory for interface-roughness-limited mobility. Fits to the mobility data indicate that, for one monolayer surface roughness, the roughness correlation length is about 35 Å. Next, we show that the in-plane carrier mobility in InAs/GaSb superlattices is inversely proportional to carrier density in n- and p-type samples, the result of screened interface roughness scattering.
320×256 HgCdTe IR FPA with a built-in shortwave cut-off filter
Authors: Vasilyev V.V. , Varavin V.S. , Dvoretsky S.A. , Marchishin I.V. , Mikhailov N.N. , Predein A.V. , Remesnik V.G. , Sabinina I.V. , Sidorov Yu.G. , Susliakov A.O. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA photovoltaic detector design based on the graded band gap HgCdTe MBE structure with high conductivity layer (HCL) at interface, which provides photodiodes series resistance and a shortwave cut.off filter is developed. The optimal HCL parameters giving high quantum efficiency and minimal noise equivalent temperature difference were determined by calculations and experimentally confirmed. The hybrid 320×256 IR FPA operating in 8–12 μm spectral range was fabricated. The threshold power responsivity and minimal noise equivalent temperature difference values at wavelength maximum were 1.02×10−7 W/cm2, 4.1×108 V/W and 27 mK, respectively.
Conventional B2 B Cell Depletion Ameliorates whereas Its Adoptive Transfer Aggravates Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kyaw Tin , Tay Christopher , Khan Abdul , Dumouchel Vanessa , Cao Anh , To Kelly , Kehry Merilyn , Dunn Robert , Agrotis Alex , Tipping Peter , Bobik Alex , Toh Ban-Hock 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory arterial disease characterized by focal accumulation of lipid and inflammatory cells. It is the number one cause of deaths in the Western world because of its complications of heart attacks and strokes. Statins are effective in only approximately one third of patients, underscoring the urgent need for additional therapies. B cells that accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions and the aortic adventitia of humans and mice are considered to protect against atherosclerosis development. Unexpectedly, we found that selective B cell depletion in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice using a well-characterized mAb to mouse CD20 reduced atherosclerosis development and progression without affecting the hyperlipidemia imposed by a high-fat diet. Adoptive transfer of 5 × 106 or 5 × 107 conventional B2 B cells but not 5 × 106 B1 B cells to a lymphocyte-deficient ApoE−/− Rag-2−/− common cytokine receptor γ-chain–deficient mouse that was fed a high-fat diet augmented atherosclerosis by 72%. Transfer of 5 × 106 B2 B cells to an ApoE−/− mouse deficient only in B cells aggravated atherosclerosis by &gt;300%. Our findings provide compelling evidence for the hitherto unrecognized proatherogenic role of conventional B2 cells. The data indicate that B2 cells can potently promote atherosclerosis development entirely on their own in the total absence of all other lymphocyte populations. Additionally, these B2 cells can also significantly augment atherosclerosis development in the presence of T cells and all other lymphocyte populations. Our findings raise the prospect of B cell depletion as a therapeutic approach to inhibit atherosclerosis development and progression in humans.
Identification of Two IgD+ B Cell Populations in Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus
Authors: Edholm Eva-Stina , Bengtén Eva , Stafford James L. , Sahoo Manoranjan , Taylor Erin B. , Miller Norman W. , Wilson Melanie 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChannel catfish Ictalurus punctatus express two Ig isotypes: IgM and IgD. Although catfish IgM has been extensively studied at the functional and structural levels, much less is known about IgD. In this study, IgM+/IgD+ and IgM−/IgD+ catfish B cell populations were identified through the use of anti-IgM and anti-IgD mAbs. Catfish IgM+/IgD+ B cells are small and agranular. In contrast, IgM−/IgD+ B cells are larger and exhibit a plasmablast morphology. The use of cell sorting, flow cytometry, and RT-PCR demonstrated that IgD+ B cell expression varies among individuals. For example, some catfish have &lt;5% IgM−/IgD+ B cells in their PBLs, whereas in others the IgM−/IgD+ B cell population can represent as much as 72%. Furthermore, IgD expressed by IgM−/IgD+ B cells preferentially associates with IgL σ. Comparatively, IgM+/IgD+ B cells can express any of the four catfish IgL isotypes. Also, transfection studies show that IgD functions as a typical BCR, because Igδ-chains associate with CD79a and CD79b molecules, and all membrane IgD transcripts from sorted IgM−/IgD+ B cells contain viable VDJ rearrangements, with no bias in family member usage. Interestingly, all secreted IgD transcripts from IgM+/IgD+ and IgM−/IgD+ B cells were V-less and began with a leader spliced to Cδ1. Importantly, transfection of catfish clonal B cells demonstrated that this leader mediated IgD secretion. Together, these findings imply that catfish IgM−/IgD+ B cells likely expand in response to certain pathogens and that the catfish IgD Fc-region, as has been suggested for human IgD, may function as a pattern recognition molecule.