bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection against heterologous Streptococcus iniae isolates using a modified bacterin vaccine in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)
Authors: Shoemaker C A , LaFrentz B R , Klesius P H , Evans J J 
Published: March 2010

Abstract Streptococcus iniae is a significant pathogen impacting aquaculture production worldwide. The objectives of this study were to determine whether a developed modified S. iniae (ARS‐98‐60) bacterin vaccine is efficacious in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), against challenge with heterologous isolates from diverse geographical locations and to evaluate protein and antigenic variability among the isolates tested. Two groups of tilapia (approximately 5 g) were intraperitoneally (IP) vaccinated with 100 μL of the vaccine or sham vaccinated with 100 μL of sterile tryptic soy broth and held for 28 days. Fish were challenged with each isolate by IP injection of 2–3 × 107 CFU per fish using calcein to mark fish prior to cohabitation for challenge. The results demonstrated significant protection against all challenge isolates, and relative percent survivals ranged from 79% to 100%. SDS–PAGE analysis of whole‐cell lysate proteins from the S. iniae isolates demonstrated similar protein profiles between 10 and 31 kDa and variation in profiles between 35 and 100 kDa. Western blot analysis using antiserum from vaccinated fish (ARS‐98‐60) demonstrated shared immunogenic proteins among all isolates in the molecular mass range of 22–35 kDa and high molecular mass material >150 kDa. The results suggest that the developed S. iniae vaccine has broad ranging protection among isolates exhibiting different protein profiles.
De novo membranous nephropathy and antibody‐mediated rejection in transplanted kidney
Authors: Honda Kazuho , Horita Shigeru , Toki Daisuke , Taneda Sekiko , Nitta Kosaku , Hattori Motoshi , Tanabe Kazunari , Teraoka Satoshi , Oda Hideaki , Yamaguchi Yutaka 
Published: March 2010

Honda K, Horita S, Toki D, Taneda S, Nitta K, Hattori M, Tanabe K, Teraoka S, Oda H, Yamaguchi Y. De novo membranous nephropathy and antibody‐mediated rejection in transplanted kidney. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 191–200. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  The etiology of de novo membranous nephropathy (MN) after kidney transplantation is still uncertain. Immunological response to various allograft antigens is speculated to be a candidate for the etiology.Methods:  Seventeen patients with post‐transplant de novo MN were studied clinically and pathologically in comparison with control post‐transplant patients without MN. Double immunofluorescent staining was performed to identify the presence of donor‐specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) combined with IgG in the deposits on glomerular capillary walls.Results:  De novo MN occurs in relatively late period after transplantation (102.1 ± 68.3 months), presenting various degree of proteinuria. Histological findings associated with antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR), such as peritubular capillaritis and C4d deposition in peritubular capillary, were more frequently observed in the patients with de novo MN than the non‐MN control patients. Donor‐specific antibody (DSA) was detected in five patients at the time of biopsy. In one case of de novo MN with DSA, a donor‐derived HLA was identified in the subepithelial deposits on the glomerular capillary walls combined with IgG deposition.Conclusions:  DSA and AMR might play some roles for the pathogenesis in some patients with de novo MN after kidney transplantation.
Hyperleptinemia positively correlated with metabolic syndrome in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Lee Ming‐Che , Lee Chung‐Jen , Ho Guan‐Jin , Lee Chia‐Chi , Shih Ming‐Hui , Chou Kuei‐Chun , Hsu Bang‐Gee 
Published: March 2010

Lee M‐C, Lee C‐J, Ho G‐J, Lee C‐C, Shih M‐H, Chou K‐C, Hsu B‐G. Hyperleptinemia positively correlated with metabolic syndrome in renal transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: E124–E129. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Objective:  Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and fasting serum leptin concentration in renal transplant recipients.Patients and methods:  Fasting blood samples were obtained from 55 renal transplant recipients. Metabolic syndrome and its components were defined using the diagnostic criteria of the International Diabetes Federation.Results:  Thirteen patients (23.6%) had metabolic syndrome. Fasting leptin concentrations were positively correlated with metabolic syndrome (p = 0.003). Univariate linear regression analysis indicated fasting serum leptin values were positively correlated with waist circumference (r = 0.284; p = 0.036), body mass index (r = 0.358; p = 0.007), body fat mass (r = 0.610; p < 0.001), triglycerides (r = 0.268; p = 0.048), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) (r = 0.377; p = 0.005), triceps skinfold (r = 0.335; p = 0.012), and mid‐arm fat area (r = 0.351; p = 0.009). Multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analysis of the significant variables revealed that body fat mass (R2 change = 0.373; p < 0.001) and hs‐CRP (R2 change = 0.045; p = 0.049) were the independent predictors of fasting serum leptin concentration.Conclusion:  Serum leptin concentration correlates positively with metabolic syndrome in renal transplant recipients.
Donor graft does not affect the P450 2C19 genotype expressed in peripheral blood in recipients of living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Chiu King‐Wah , Tai Wei‐Chen , Nakano Toshiaki , Tseng Hui‐Peng , Cheng Yu‐Fan , Jawan Bruno , Goto Shigeru , Chen Chao‐Long 
Published: March 2010

Chiu K‐W, Tai W‐C, Nakano T, Tseng H‐P, Cheng Y‐F, Jawan B, Goto S, Chen C‐L. Donor graft does not affect the P450 2C19 genotype expressed in peripheral blood in recipients of living donor liver transplantation.  Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 830–834. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The function of cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) is altered in patients with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) that require liver transplantation (LT). The status of CYP2C19 is of considerable interest because the transplanted healthy donor livers are perfused with the blood of the recipient with ESLD. This study aims to clarify the changes in CYP2C19 in the peripheral blood before and after LT. Thirty pairs of living donors and recipients were enrolled in this study. The CYP2C19 genotype in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was studied immediately before operation in donors, on the day preceding the operation in the unstable recipients, and one month after LT in stable recipients. Limited data suggest that the post‐LT genotype in liver biopsy is the same as donor’s original genotype in most cases (80.0%) and that only 2 patients in the study cohort had the same liver tissue genotype as the respective recipient PBMCs. However, expression of the CYP2C19 genotype after living donor LT (LDLT) was identical to pre‐transplant expression in 100% (30/30) of recipients, i.e., CYP2C19 genotypes in recipient PBMCs did not change after LDLT, suggesting that the donor liver did not render any mutations to the CYP2C19 genotypes after LT.
mTOR inhibitor‐associated dermatologic and mucosal problems
Authors: Campistol Josep M. , de Fijter Johan W. , Flechner Stuart M. , Langone Anthony , Morelon Emmanuel , Stockfleth Eggert 
Published: March 2010

Campistol JM, de Fijter JW, Flechner SM, Langone A, Morelon E, Stockfleth E. mTOR inhibitor‐associated dermatologic and mucosal problems. Clin Transplant 2010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2010.01232.x. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor use is associated with numerous adverse events, including dermatologic and mucosal problems. Awareness of these complications, which clinically manifest across a severity spectrum from minor through severe and may occur at varied time points after initiation of sirolimus therapy, can be useful to clinicians in both managing these events and determining the appropriate intervention(s) for patients. This manuscript examines the dermatologic and mucosal problems associated with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor use, reviews the literature, and provides personal experiences regarding the management and treatment of these adverse events.
Insularity and the evolution of melanism, sexual dichromatism and body size in the worldwide‐distributed barn owl
Authors: ROULIN A. , SALAMIN N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIsland biogeography has provided fundamental hypotheses in population genetics, ecology and evolutionary biology. Insular populations usually face different feeding conditions, predation pressure, intraspecific and interspecific competition than continental populations. This so‐called island syndrome can promote the evolution of specific phenotypes like a small (or large) body size and a light (or dark) colouration as well as influence the evolution of sexual dimorphism. To examine whether insularity leads to phenotypic differentiation in a consistent way in a worldwide‐distributed nonmigratory species, we compared body size, body shape and colouration between insular and continental barn owl (Tyto alba) populations by controlling indirectly for phylogeny. This species is suitable because it varies in pheomelanin‐based colouration from reddish‐brown to white, and it displays eumelanic black spots for which the number and size vary between individuals, populations and species. Females are on average darker pheomelanic and display more and larger eumelanic spots than males. Our results show that on islands barn owls exhibited smaller and fewer eumelanic spots and lighter pheomelanic colouration, and shorter wings than on continents. Sexual dimorphism in pheomelanin‐based colouration was less pronounced on islands than continents (i.e. on islands males tended to be as pheomelanic as females), and on small islands owls were redder pheomelanic and smaller in size than owls living on larger islands. Sexual dimorphism in the size of eumelanic spots was more pronounced (i.e. females displayed much larger spots than males) in barn owls living on islands located further away from a continent. Our study indicates that insular conditions drive the evolution towards a lower degree of eumelanism, smaller body size and affects the evolution of sexual dichromatism in melanin‐based colour traits. The effect of insularity was more pronounced on body size and shape than on melanic traits.
Sex chromosome evolution in the clam shrimp, Eulimnadia texana
Authors: WEEKS S. C. , BENVENUTO C. , SANDERSON T. F. , DUFF R. J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractChromosomes that determine sex are predicted to evolve differently than autosomes: a lack of recombination on one of the two sex chromosomes is predicted to allow an accumulation of deleterious alleles that eventually leads to reduced functionality and potential physical degradation of the nonrecombining chromosome. Because these changes should occur at an elevated evolutionary rate, it is difficult to find appropriate species in which to test these evolutionary predictions. The unique genetic sex‐determining mechanism of the crustacean Eulimnadia texana prevents major chromosome degeneration because of expression of both ‘proto‐sex’ (i.e. early stage of development) chromosomes in homozygous form (ZZ and WW). Herein, we exploit this unique genetic system to examine the predicted accumulation of deleterious alleles by comparing both homogametic sexual types to their heterogametic counterpart. We report differences in crossing over in a sex‐linked region in the ZW hermaphrodites (∼ 3%) relative to the ZZ males (∼ 21%), indicative of cross‐over suppression in the ZW hermaphrodites. Additionally, we report that both ZZ and WW genotypes have reduced fitness relative to ZW hermaphrodites, which is consistent with the prediction of harboured recessive mutations embedded on both the Z and the W chromosomes. These results suggest that the proto‐sex chromosomes in E. texana accumulate recessive deleterious alleles. We hypothesize that recessive deleterious alleles of large effect cannot accumulate because of expression in both ZZ and WW individuals, keeping both chromosomes from losing significant function.
Developmental acclimation affects clinal variation in stress resistance traits in Drosophila buzzatii
Authors: SARUP P. , LOESCHCKE V. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPatterns of clinal genetic variation in Drosophila are often characterized after rearing at constant temperatures. However, clinal patterns might change after acclimation if populations differ in their plastic response to fluctuating environments. We studied longevity, starvation and heat knock‐down resistance after development at either constant or fluctuating temperatures in nine Drosophila buzzatii populations collected along an altitudinal gradient in Tenerife, Spain. Flies that developed at fluctuating temperatures had higher stress resistance despite experiencing a slightly lower average temperature than those at constant temperatures. Genetic variation along the gradient was found in both stress‐resistance traits. Because QST values greatly exceeded FST values, genetic drift could not explain this diversification. In general, differences among populations were larger after rearing at fluctuating temperatures, especially in heat knock‐down, for which clinal patterns disappeared when flies were reared at constant temperatures. This result emphasizes the importance of determining whether populations originating from different environments differ in their plastic responses to stress.
Heritability of anti‐predatory traits: vigilance and locomotor performance in marmots
Authors: BLUMSTEIN D. T. , LEA A. J. , OLSON L. E. , MARTIN J. G. A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAnimals must allocate some proportion of their time to detecting predators. In birds and mammals, such anti‐predator vigilance has been well studied, and we know that it may be influenced by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Despite hundreds of studies focusing on vigilance and suggestions that there are individual differences in vigilance, there have been no prior studies examining its heritability in the field. Here, we present one of the first reports of (additive) genetic variation in vigilance. Using a restricted maximum likelihood procedure, we found that, in yellow‐bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris), the heritability of locomotor ability (h2 = 0.21), and especially vigilance (h2 = 0.08), is low. These modest heritability estimates suggest great environmental variation or a history of directional selection eliminating genetic variation in these traits. We also found a significant phenotypic (rP = −0.09 ± 0.04, P = 0.024) and a substantial, but not significant, genetic correlation (rA = −0.57 ± 0.28, P = 0.082) between the two traits (slower animals are less vigilant while foraging). We found no evidence of differential survival or longevity associated with particular phenotypes of either trait. The genetic correlation may persist because of environmental heterogeneity and genotype‐by‐environment interactions maintaining the correlation, or because there are two ways to solve the problem of foraging in exposed areas: be very vigilant and rely on early detection coupled with speed to escape, or reduce vigilance to minimize time spent in an exposed location. Both strategies seem to be equally successful, and this ‘locomotor ability‐wariness’ syndrome may therefore allow slow animals to compensate behaviourally for their impaired locomotor ability.
Spatial distribution ofHevea brasiliensistrunk phloem necrosis within a plot: aggregation but no evidence of constraint on cumulated growth
Authors: Do F. C. , Pierret A. , Couteron P. , Lesturgez G. , Boithias L. , Isarangkool Na Ayutthaya S. , Junjittakarn J. , Gonkhamdee S. , Maeght J. L. , Hartmann C. , Nandris D. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryTrunk phloem necrosis (TPN) is a major constraint in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations. Current knowledge supports a scenario of a multi‐factor physiological ‘disease’ caused by an accumulation of endogenous and exogenous stresses. Without evidence of a pathogen, the apparent spread of the syndrome from tree to tree along the planting line, strongly suggested the implication of a major local soil constraint. The objectives of the study were to address, within a plot, three points of the above scenario: the short‐distance aggregation of affected trees; their correspondence with local micro‐areas facing the highest environmental constraints; and the relative weakness of TPN trees that had accumulated several stresses since planting. The study was conducted in a young rubber tree stand (clone RRIM 600) of Northeast Thailand, where the number of TPN affected individuals was 8% after 3 years of tapping. Trunk girth and trunk basal area were used as indicators of local environmental constraints. Spatial patterns were analysed using the framework of marked point processes andKfunctions. The results confirmed the short‐distance aggregation of TPN affected trees. But, TPN trees were not located within micro‐areas where trees had a lower trunk basal area than average. Hence, the clusters of TPN do not occur in the most constraining environmental micro‐areas of the plot in terms of growth since planting. Moreover, from comparison of girth, current girth increment and height of bark consumption, we infer that TPN trees were not smaller and less vigorous than other trees before the syndrome outbreak. Finally, our conclusions mean the previous scenario driven by major soil constraints becomes a ‘more complex scenario’ in which specific soil conditions (not the most constraining in term of cumulated growth), possibly in interaction with inter‐individual competition, induce a late and subtle stress favouring a necrotic reaction against tapping stress.
Ecology and distribution of Armillaria species in Norway
Authors: Keča N. , Solheim H. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThe occurence of Armillaria species was assessed in Norway, enabling the northern‐most distribution of this genus to be determined in Europe. Four Armillaria species were found in Norway. Armillaria borealis was the most common species occurring on woody vegetation to the permafrost zone (ca. 69°N). Armillaria cepistipes was present in southern and central Norway, but was not found further than 66°N. Armillaria solidipes and Armillaria gallica were rare, found at only one locality each; 59°40′ and 59°32′, respectively. Armillaria species were found on 14 hosts, but there was no significant difference between occurrence of A. borealis and A. cepistipes on declining and dead trees. Phylogenetic analyses separated each species into separate clades. All isolates of A. borealis, except one, and most isolates of A. solidipes were in separate clades. However, a subclade within the A. borealis clade was formed of two A. ostoyae and one A. borealis isolates. Two small A. cepistipes genets were found in a declining oak stand.
A comparison of severely injured trauma patients admitted to level 1 trauma centres in Queensland and Germany
Authors: Nijboer Johanna M. M. , Wullschleger Martin E. , Nielsen Susan E. , McNamee Anitia M. , Lefering Rolf , Ten Duis Hendrik‐Jan , Schuetz Michael A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:  The allocation of a trauma network in Queensland is still in the developmental phase. In a search for indicators to improve trauma care both locally as state‐wide, a study was carried out comparing trauma patients in Queensland to trauma patients in Germany, a country with 82.4 million inhabitants and a well‐established trauma system.Methods:  Trauma patients ≥15 years of age, with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16 admitted to the Princess Alexandra Hospital (PAH) and to the 59 German hospitals participating in the Trauma Registry of the German Society for Trauma Surgery (DGU‐G) during the year 2005 were retrospectively identified and analysed.Results:  Both cohorts are comparable when it comes to demographics and injury mechanism, but differ significantly in other important aspects. Striking is the low number of primary admitted patients in the PAH cohort: 58% versus 83% in the DGU‐G cohort. PAH patients were less physiologically deranged and less severely injured: ISS 25.2 ± 9.9 versus 29.9 ± 13.1 (P < 0.001). Subsequently, they less often needed surgery (61% versus 79%), ICU admission (49% versus 92%) and had a lower mortality: 9.8% versus 17.9% of the DGU‐G cohort.Conclusions:  Relevant differences were the low number of primary admissions, the lesser severity of injuries, and the low mortality of the patients treated at the PAH. These differences are likely to be interrelated and Queensland's size and suboptimal organization of trauma care may have played an important role.
Comparison of open and closed staff‐assisted glove donning on the nature of surgical glove cuff contamination
Authors: Jones Christopher , Brooker Ben , Genon Michel 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:  We have observed that surgical glove cuffs commonly fold over during an operation, exposing the inside of the glove cuff to the sterile field and wound, a potential source of contamination if the inside of the glove cuff has been in contact with the fingers during glove donning. We hypothesize that open staff‐assisted gloving results in more inside‐glove cuff contamination than a closed staff‐assisted technique.Method:  We performed a blinded, randomized study comparing open and closed staff‐assisted glove donning. Two surgeons were gloved 20 times after covering their fingers and hands with GlitterBug(TM) powder. The gloves were turned inside out and the distance of GlitterBug(TM) powder from the free edge of the cuff was measured.Results:  Staff‐assisted open glove donning was associated with significantly more glove cuff contamination than closed staff‐assisted glove donning (P= 0.001).Conclusion:  Given glove cuff ‘turn down’ intra‐operatively, we strongly recommend closed staff‐assisted gloving.
Phaeochromocytoma‐associated critical peripheral ischaemia
Authors: Lutchman D. , Buchholz S. , Keightley C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLimb Ischaemia is an exceptional complication of catecholamine toxicity caused by a phaeochromocytoma. We present a middle‐aged female patient with severe subacute peripheral ishaemia, gangrene and eventual amputation of all four distal limbs due to a large non‐metastatic left adrenal gland phaeochromocytoma and summarise the available literature concerning previously reported cases.
Practical guidelines for treating inflammatory bowel disease safely with anti‐tumour necrosis factor therapy in Australia
Authors: Connell W. , Andrews J. M. , Brown S. , Sparrow M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAnti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy is an effective but expensive option for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Its use is generally reserved for patients with severe refractory disease, often involving long‐term administration. Anti‐TNF therapy has the potential to be associated with various adverse effects, such as infection, malignancy and immunogenicity. Clinicians and patients should be familiar with these possibilities and adopt appropriate precautions prior to and during treatment to minimize risk. Guidelines have been developed for Australian prescribers intending to use anti‐TNF therapy in IBD by a Working Party commissioned by IBD‐Australia, a Special Interest Group affiliated with the Gastroenterology Society of Australia.