bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic behavior of precast segmental concrete bridge columns with high performance or conventional steel reinforcing bars as energy dissipation bars
Authors: Ou Yu‐Chen , Tsai Mu‐Sen , Chang Kuo‐Chun , Lee George C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe cyclic behavior of precast segmental concrete bridge columns with high performance (HP) steel reinforcing bars and that with conventional steel reinforcing bars as energy dissipation (ED) bars were investigated. The HP steel reinforcing bars are characterized by higher strength, greater ductility, and superior corrosion resistance compared with the conventional steel reinforcing bars. Three large‐scale columns were tested. One was designed with the HP ED bars and two with the conventional ED bars. The HP ED bars were fully bonded to the concrete. The conventional ED bars were fully bonded to the concrete for one column, whereas unbonded for a length to delay fracture of the bars and to increase energy dissipation for the other column. Test results showed that the column with the HP ED bars had greater drift capacity, higher lateral strength, and larger energy dissipation than that with fully bonded conventional ED bars. The column with unbonded conventional ED bars achieved the same drift capacity and similar energy dissipation capacity as that with the HP ED bars. All the three columns showed good self‐centering capability with residual drifts not greater than 0.4% drift. An analytical model referred to as joint bar‐slip rotation method for pushover analysis of segmental columns with ED bars is proposed. The model calculates joint rotation from the slip of the ED bars from two sides of the joint. Good agreement was found between analytical predictions and the envelope responses of the three columns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐order methods for the numerical solution of the BiGlobal linear stability eigenvalue problem in complex geometries
Authors: González L. , Theofilis V. , Sherwin S. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA high‐order computational tool based on spectral and spectral/hp elements (J. Fluid. Mech. 2009; to appear) discretizations is employed for the analysis of BiGlobal fluid instability problems. Unlike other implementations of this type, which use a time‐stepping‐based formulation (J. Comput. Phys. 1994; 110(1):82–102; J. Fluid Mech. 1996; 322:215–241), a formulation is considered here in which the discretized matrix is constructed and stored prior to applying an iterative shift‐and‐invert Arnoldi algorithm for the solution of the generalized eigenvalue problem. In contrast to the time‐stepping‐based formulations, the matrix‐based approach permits searching anywhere in the eigenspace using shifting. Hybrid and fully unstructured meshes are used in conjunction with the spatial discretization. This permits analysis of flow instability on arbitrarily complex 2‐D geometries, homogeneous in the third spatial direction and allows both mesh (h)‐refinement as well as polynomial (p)‐refinement. A series of validation cases has been defined, using well‐known stability results in confined geometries. In addition new results are presented for ducts of curvilinear cross‐sections with rounded corners. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
4D variational data assimilation for locally nested models: Complementary theoretical aspects and application to a 2D shallow water model
Authors: Simon Ehouarn , Debreu Laurent , Blayo Eric 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe consider the application of a four‐dimensional variational data assimilation method to a numerical model, which employs local mesh refinement to improve its solution. We focus on structured meshes where a high‐resolution grid is embedded in a coarser resolution one, which covers the entire domain. The formulation of the nested variational data assimilation algorithm was derived in a preliminary work (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 2008; under review). We are interested here in complementary theoretical aspects. We present first a model for the multi‐grid background error covariance matrix. Then, we propose a variant of our algorithms based on the addition of control variables in the inter‐grid transfers in order to allow for a reduction of the errors linked to the interactions between the grids. These formulations are illustrated and discussed in the test case experiment of a 2D shallow water model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two‐phase adaptive finite element method for solid–fluid coupling in complex geometries
Authors: García Xavier , Pavlidis Dimitrios , Gorman Gerard J. , Gomes Jefferson L. M. A. , Piggott Matthew D. , Aristodemou Elsa , Mindel Julian , Latham John‐Paul , Pain Christopher C. , ApSimon Helen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper we present a method to solve the Navier–Stokes equations in complex geometries, such as porous sands, using a finite‐element solver but without the complexity of meshing the porous space. The method is based on treating the solid boundaries as a second fluid and solving a set of equations similar to those used for multi‐fluid flow. When combined with anisotropic mesh adaptivity, it is possible to resolve complex geometries starting with an arbitrary coarse mesh. The approach is validated by comparing simulation results with available data in three test cases. In the first we simulate the flow past a cylinder. The second test case compares the pressure drop in flow through random packs of spheres with the Ergun equation. In the last case simulation results are compared with experimental data on the flow past a simplified vehicle model (Ahmed body) at high Reynolds number using large‐eddy simulation (LES). Results are in good agreement with all three reference models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memory complaints and increased rates of brain atrophy: risk factors for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Archer H. A. , Kennedy J. , Barnes J. , Pepple T. , Boyes R. , Randlesome K. , Clegg S. , Leung K. K. , Ourselin S. , Frost C. , Rossor M. N. , Fox N. C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAimTo determine rates of cerebral atrophy in individuals with symptoms of memory loss but no objective cognitive impairment (SNCI) and their association with future cognitive decline.MethodsThirty‐two SNCI subjects, 16 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 27 control subjects had clinical assessment and magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 1 year later. Rates of whole brain atrophy (WBA), hippocampal atrophy (HA) and ventricular enlargement (VE) were measured. Our outcome was clinical diagnosis at 2 years after entry into the study.ResultsThe MCI group had greater rates of WBA, HA and VE than both controls and SNCI subjects. As a group SNCI subjects did not have significantly greater rates of atrophy than the controls. However, SNCI subjects who progressed to MCI or dementia had increased rates of atrophy compared with those who remained stable.DiscussionIndividuals with memory complaints but no objective memory deficits, who progress to MCI or dementia, have increased rates of cerebral atrophy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of side population cells from laryngeal cancer cell lines
Authors: Wan Guanglun , Zhou Liang , Xie Ming , Chen Hui , Tian Jie 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundAnalysis of the hematopoietic system has shown that bone marrow stem cells contain a subpopulation that effluxes the DNA binding dye, Hoechst 33342, out of the cell membrane. These cells are called side population (SP) cells and have been shown to have stem cell characteristics. SP cells have already been found in solid tumors, although there are no published reports examining the role of SP cells in human laryngeal cancer.MethodsSP cells were identified in the laryngeal cancer cell lines, AMC‐HN‐8 (head and neck cancer cell line 8, from the Asan Medical Center) and Hep‐2 (human epithelial type 2) cell lines, by flow cytometry. Hep‐2 SP cells were isolated and analyzed in proliferation assays, differentiation studies, radiotherapy resistance studies, and tumorigenesis ability.ResultsThe AMC‐HN‐8 and Hep‐2 cell lines contained 11.8 ± 1.7% and 17.1 ± 2.0% SP cells, respectively. SP cell proportion was reduced by verapamil. Hep‐2 SP cells exhibited higher self‐regeneration, proliferation, radiotherapy resistance, and tumorigenicity.ConclusionsSP cells purified from the Hep‐2 cell line harbor cancer stem cell–like properties, and they are heterogeneous, indicating that SP cells are not identical to stem cells. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Trichocarpinine, a Novel Hetidine–Hetisine Type Bisditerpenoid Alkaloid from Aconitum tanguticum var. trichocarpum
Authors: Lin Ling , Chen Dong‐Lin , Liu Xiao‐Yu , Chen Qiao‐Hong , Wang Feng‐Peng 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTrichocarpinine (1), the first hetidine–hetisine type bisditerpenoid alkaloid, was isolated from the whole herbs of Aconitum tanguticum var. trichocarpum. Its structure was determined by a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including HR‐ESI‐MS and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments. Its plausible biogenetic pathway was proposed as well (Scheme).
Oleanane Saponins from Rhizome of Anemone raddeana
Authors: Fan Li , Lu Jincai , Xu Beibei , Gao Song , Zhang Hongfen , Liu Runxiang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTwo new oleanolic acid‐type triterpenoid saponins, raddeanosides R22 and R23 (1 and 2, resp.), together with four known saponins were isolated from the rhizome of Anemone raddeana Regel. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as oleanolic acid 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl(1→2)[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl(1→4)]‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (1) and oleanolic acid 3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl(1→3)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl(1→4)]‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (2). The four known compounds were identified as oleanolic acid 3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (3), oleanolic acid 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl(1→4)‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (4), hederasaponin B (5), and hederacholchiside E (6) on the basis of chemical and spectral evidences. Compound 4 is reported for the first time from the Anemone genus, while the other three known compounds have been already found in this plant.
A womb with a view: ultrasound for evaluation of fetal neurobehavioral development
Authors: Emory Eugene K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis commentary offers a brief historical perspective that anticipated contemporary studies of fetal behavior and delineates two divergent trends that have merged in the development of ‘Fetal Psychology’. Focusing on ultrasound imaging as a technological advance for the study of fetal behavior, the paper discusses promises and pitfalls that arise when new methodologies are adopted. While fetal ultrasound has been in use for over half a century, the technology is fast becoming the gold standard for fetal behavioral studies. In this context, the Hata et al. study is discussed. A more recent use of ultrasound is its adaptation to investigations of fetal brain development. This effort, along with the on‐going studies of prenatal brain–behavior relationships, places the work within a developmental neuroscience context. The paper gives a hint of the promise such applications have with a sample of the author's recent work on fetal brain laterality, and speculates that major discoveries regarding human neurobehavioral development lay ahead as the field of fetal psychology matures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epstein‐Barr virus infection in immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells: Regulation of infection and phenotypic characterization
Authors: Tsang Chi Man , Zhang Guitao , Seto Eri , Takada Kenzo , Deng Wen , Yip Yim Ling , Man Cornelia , Hau Pok Man , Chen Honglin , Cao Ya , Lo Kwok Wai , Middeldorp Jaap M. , Cheung Annie Lai Man , Tsao Sai Wah 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection has been postulated to be an early event involved in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC). The lack of representative premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cell system for EBV infection has hampered research investigation into the regulation and involvement of EBV infection in NPC pathogenesis. We have compared the efficiency of EBV infection in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells with different biological properties including immortalized, primary and cancerous nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. EBV infection could be achieved in all the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells examined with variable infection rate. TGF‐β effectively enhanced EBV infection into nasopharyngeal epithelial cells both in the immortalized and primary nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Stable infection of EBV was achieved in a telomerase‐immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line, NP460hTert. The expression pattern of EBV‐encoded genes and biological properties of this EBV infected cell line on long‐term propagation were monitored. The EBV‐infected nasopharyngeal epithelial cells acquired anchorage‐independent growth and exhibited invasive growth properties on prolonged propagation. A distinguished feature of this EBV‐infected nasopharyngeal epithelial cell model was its enhanced ability to survive under growth factor and nutrient starvation. This was evidenced by the suppressed activation of apoptotic markers and sustained activation of pAkt of EBV‐infected cells compared to control cells under nutrient starvation. Examination of cytokine profiles of EBV‐infected NP460hTert cells to nutrient and growth factor deprivation revealed upregulation of expression of MCP‐1 and GRO‐α. The establishment of a stable EBV infection model of premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells will facilitate research investigation into the pathogenic role of EBV in NPC development.
Validation of the CDC biofilm reactor as a dynamic model for assessment of encrustation formation on urological device materials
Authors: Gilmore Brendan F. , Hamill Turlough M. , Jones David S. , Gorman Sean P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractContemporary medical science is reliant upon the rational selection and utilization of devices, and therefore, an increasing need has developed for in vitro systems aimed at replicating the conditions to which urological devices will be subjected to during their use in vivo. We report the development and validation of a novel continuous flow encrustation model based on the commercially available CDC biofilm reactor. Proteus mirabilis‐induced encrustation formation on test biomaterial sections under varying experimental parameters was analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, infrared‐ and Raman spectroscopy and by scanning electron microscopy. The model system produced encrusted deposits similar to those observed in archived clinical samples. Results obtained for the system are highly reproducible with encrustation being rapidly deposited on test biomaterial sections. This model will have utility in the rapid screening of encrustation behavior of biomaterials for use in urological applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Sonographic findings in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 and a gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Girtler Marie‐Theres , De Zordo Tobias , Romagnoli Cesare 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) have been suggested to be the most common neurofibromatosis 1‐associated gastrointestinal tumors. This case report describes and compares US and CT findings of both abdominal neurofibromas and a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. On US, the GIST appeared as a well‐defined inhomogeneous lesion with a target‐like pattern similar to CT. The neurofibromas appeared as well‐demarcated round nodules with a relatively homogeneous hypoechoic internal structure and were accompanied by subtle posterior acoustic enhancement. US and CT were able to differentiate between neurofibromatomas and GIST in this neurofibromatosis 1 patient; however, a biopsy of the suspicious mass was performed to clarify the diagnosis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2010
Developmental changes in the expression of the Atp7a gene in the liver of mice during the postnatal period
Authors: Lenartowicz Małgorzata , Wieczerzak Krzysztof , Krzeptowski Wojciech , Dobosz Paulina , Grzmil Paweł , Starzyński Rafał , Lipiński Paweł 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn all living organisms trace element metabolism and transport are closely regulated at the genetic level. Copper is one of the essential microelements required for normal growth and development. The main organ in mammals involved in copper metabolism is the liver. It is known that copper metabolism in the liver is controlled by ATP7B, a P‐type ATP‐ase encoded by the Atp7b gene. However, little is known about the expression and function of the second important P‐type ATP‐ase, ATP7A encoded by the Atp7a gene. In this study we investigated the expression of the Atp7a gene in the liver during postnatal development in mice. We analyzed expression of Atp7a gene in the livers from neonatal (P.05), young (P14) and adult (P240) mice using RT‐PCR and real‐time PCR method. We found a transcript of the Atp7a gene in the liver of all investigated animals. Moreover, we found that the expression of the Atp7a gene in the liver in mice is age‐dependent and decreases during postnatal development. Interestingly, the Atp7a expression in adult mice is very low in comparison with neonatal and young animals. Western blot analysis revealed that Atp7a is expressed not only at mRNA level but also at the protein level in the liver of all investigated animals. The expression of Atp7a gene and ATP7A protein was also confirmed in primary hepatocytes from adult mouse. Demonstration of the hepatic Atp7a gene expression may shed light on new aspects of copper metabolism in the liver in mammals. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:209–217, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sperm motility adaptation to ion‐differing aquatic environments in the Tanganyikan cichlid, Astatotilapia burtoni
Authors: Morita Masaya , Awata Satoshi , Takahashi Tetsumi , Takemura Akihiro , Kohda Masanori 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, can acclimate and reproduce in both the K+‐, Na+‐, and Ca2+‐rich waters of Lake Tanganyika (pH 8.9–9.2) and the surrounding rivers where K+, Na+, and Ca2+ concentrations are low (pH 6.5). In this study, we compared sperm motility features among A. burtoni inhabiting the lake, those living in the surrounding rivers, and those from rivers that acclimates to lake water. Sperm of all three groups required extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o) for sperm motility activation. However, involvement of K+ and Na+ were different. In sperm motility initiation of lake population, the decrease in Na+ and increase in K+ concentrations corresponding to a decrease in [Na+]o/[K+]o was required. In contrast, sperm motility in both the river population and those acclimated to lake water were activated only by a decrease in [Na+]o, suggesting that motility initiation cues regarding Na+ and K+ are different among populations within same species. One probable reason why the difference of initiation cues is that the concentration of K+ in the river water (40 mM) is lower than that in the lake water (110 mM). These results suggest that sperm flagellar activation cascades of river and lake populations within this species differ as a result of adaptations to different ionic environments. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:169–177, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transplantation of galectin‐1‐expressing human neural stem cells into the injured spinal cord of adult common marmosets
Authors: Yamane Junichi , Nakamura Masaya , Iwanami Akio , Sakaguchi Masanori , Katoh Hiroyuki , Yamada Masayuki , Momoshima Suketaka , Miyao Sachiyo , Ishii Ken , Tamaoki Norikazu , Nomura Tatsuji , Okano Hirotaka James , Kanemura Yonehiro , Toyama Yoshiaki , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDelayed transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) into the injured spinal cord can promote functional recovery in adult rats and monkeys. To enhance the functional recovery after NS/PC transplantation, we focused on galectin‐1, a carbohydrate‐binding protein with pleiotropic roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and neurite outgrowth. Here, to determine the combined therapeutic effect of NS/PC transplantation and galectin‐1 on spinal cord injury (SCI), human NS/PCs were transfected by lentivirus with galectin‐1 and green fluorescent protein (GFP), (Gal‐NS/PCs) or GFP alone (GFP‐NS/PCs), expanded in vitro, and then transplanted into the spinal cord of adult common marmosets, 9 days after contusive cervical SCI. The animals' motor function was evaluated by their spontaneous motor activity, bar grip power, and performance on a treadmill test. Histological analyses revealed that the grafted human NS/PCs survived and differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. There were significant differences in the myelinated area, corticospinal fibers, and serotonergic fibers among the Gal‐NS/PC, GFP‐NS/PC, vehicle‐control, and sham‐operated groups. The Gal‐NS/PC‐grafted animals showed a better performance on all the behavioral tests compared with the other groups. These findings suggest that Gal‐NS/PCs have better therapeutic potential than NS/PCs for SCI in nonhuman primates and that human Gal‐NS/PC transplantation might be a feasible treatment for human SCI. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase stability and homogeneity in undoped and Mn‐doped LiFePO4 under laser heating
Authors: Galinetto Pietro , Mozzati Maria Cristina , Grandi Marco Simone , Bini Marcella , Capsoni Doretta , Ferrari Stefania , Massarotti Vincenzo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThermal stability and phase homogeneity of the triphylite LiFePO4 compound were investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy. A detailed check of phase homogeneity of undoped samples obtained from different preparation routes—hydrothermal, sol–gel, and solid state synthesis—and Mn‐doped compounds from solid‐state synthesis was performed by means of a mapping of the Raman spectra. The triphylite compositional and structural properties were carefully investigated also with the help of structural refinements and magnetic techniques, which also allowed us to reveal and identify the impurity phases formed together with the olivine LiFePO4. The effect of laser irradiation on the triphylite thermal stability was thoroughly investigated and related to the synthesis route, to the doping, and to the sample homogeneity. The thermal stability of iron oxides, present both as synthesis products and as consequence of the irradiation itself, was also analyzed following the magnetite→maghemite→hematite phase transformation. All the experimental observations concur in indicating that the effectiveness of the laser heating on these compounds mainly depends on grain size and the degree of order of the olivine structure, the highest thermal stability being displayed in the case of the nonhomogenous undoped samples obtained from solid‐state preparation, which show a highly ordered triphylite phase. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The SERS response of semiordered Ag nanorod arrays fabricated by template oblique angle deposition
Authors: Liu Y.‐J. , Zhang Z.‐Y. , Dluhy R. A. , Zhao Y.‐P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSemiordered Ag nanorod arrays are fabricated by template oblique angle deposition (OAD) using regular Au nano‐post arrays with different diameters as seed patterns. The Au nano‐post arrays do not give an observable surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity under our detection configuration, whereas the patterned Ag nanorod arrays can produce a very strong SERS signal. These SERS intensities increase monotonically with the decrease in the diameter and separation of the Ag nanorods, which demonstrates that one can improve the SERS detection by tuning the diameter and separation of the Ag nanorods, and the template OAD method can help produce more uniform, reproducible, and sensitive Ag nanorod SERS substrates. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.