bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Scoping Review of GIS Mapping of Type 1 Diabetes in Children: Identifying Current Gaps and Future Research Directions Using PRISMA-ScR
Authors: Miriam Demi , Chaudhary Navendu , Yewale Sushil , Khadilkar Anuradha 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Type 1 Diabetes poses a significant public health threat, especially in
low-and-middle countries, where resources are limited. The use of geographical information
systems in diabetes research has shown the potential to reveal several epidemiological risk factors.

Aims:
This scoping review aimed to identify the scope and extent of the current literature and
explore its limitations on the geographical mapping of children with type 1 diabetes.

Methods:
A scoping review was conducted using five electronic databases and included studies
published between the years 2000 and 2023. The search terms included: "Type 1 Diabetes
Mellitus", "GIS mapping", "Juvenile Onset Diabetes Mellitus", "Spatial Epidemiology", "Spatial
Clustering", "Spatial analysis", and "Geographic information system". Relevant full-text articles
that met the inclusion criteria were selected for review.

Results:
The search identified 17 studies that met the criteria for inclusion in the review. More
than half the studies were conducted before 2015 (n=11; 61%). All studies were conducted in
High-Income Countries. More than 10 articles studied environmental factors, 3 of them focused
on the environment, 6 of them included sociodemographic factors, and 1 study incorporated nutrition
(as a variable) in environmental factors. 2 studies focused on the accessibility of health
services by pediatric patients.

Conclusion:
Studies on type 1 diabetes highlight the complex relationship between incidence
and risk, suggesting comprehensive prevention and treatment. Geographical mapping has potential
in low- and middle-income nations, but further research is needed to develop innovative
strategies. The importance of geomappping in understanding the risk factors for Type 1 Diabetes
is highlighted in this scoping review, which also suggests a possible direction for focused interventions,
particularly in settings with low resources.
MR Evaluation of an Unusual Intruder of the Bladder: A Bladder Fibroid Case
Report
Authors: Chin Zong Yi , Thian Yee Liang , Lim Yi Ting 
Published: April 2024

Introduction::
Mesenchymal tumours of the bladder are benign but rare occurrences and represent approximately 1% of all bladder tumours.

Case Report::
We report a case of a large bladder leiomyoma in an asymptomatic patient. A large pelvic mass was discovered incidentally on the bedside
ultrasound scan during a review at the gynecology clinic. Intra-operatively, no mass was seen in the pelvis, and cystoscopy demonstrated an
intravesical mass. It was further evaluated with cystoscopy. MR imaging demonstrated typical features of a bladder leiomyoma. Subsequently, the
patient underwent partial cystectomy, and the mass was removed, which was histologically proven leiomyoma.

Conclusion::
Awareness of this rare clinical entity and identification of its typical radiological features on MR imaging can aid with accurate diagnosis and
preclude unnecessary radical surgery.
Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Congenital Enterocolitis Fistula: A Case Report
Authors: Yan Zhiheng , Ma Bin , Pang Yalu , LI Tiangang , Wang Yixuan , Nie Fang 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Congenital enterocolic fistula, an abnormal connection between the small intestine and the colon, is a rare condition with the potential for
significant complications affecting the patient’s quality of life.

Case Report:
A 2 year and 7 months old girl presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea lasting more than 10 days. The formation of the intestinal fistula was
first detected by ultrasound, and the blood flow in the intestinal wall was preliminally analyzed. Surgical exploration revealed a colonic fistula
formed by the attachment of the jejunum to the descending colon. Postoperatively, symptoms improved; no secondary infection occurred and the
fistula healed well.

Conclusion:
Congenital colon fistula is rarely reported, and ultrasound is becoming more and more important in its diagnosis. Here, we report a case of
congenital colonic fistula diagnosed by ultrasound. Ultrasound can dynamically and in real-time observe the intestinal condition, which is
conducive to the early diagnosis and staging of congenital intestinal diseases and the determination of diagnosis and treatment schemes.
Choosing the Adaptive Cardiac Phase for Assessing Cardiac Dimensions Using
Cardiac Computed Tomography for Heart Disease
Authors: Wang Li , Zhou Jin-Rong , Chen Dong , Deng Yu-Jiao , Chen Jing 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Cardiac chamber dimensions and left ventricle (LV) wall thickness change with the cardiac cycle, in which researchers have set different time
points for systole and diastole.

Objective:
This study aimed to provide characteristics of normal heart and choose the correct cardiac cycle to measure maximum cardiac parameters for
cardiovascular disease.

Methods:
The parameters of left atrium (LA), LV, right atrium (RA), and right ventricle (RV), as well as the wall thickness of LV, were measured in
different cardiac phases using cardiac computed tomography (CT). Then, their differences in different phases and the correlation between these
parameters and traditional risk factors were analyzed. In addition, receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analyses was performed to estimate
LA enlargement.

Results:
The dimensions of LA and RA as well as the wall thickness of LV reached the maximum at the phase of 35% – 45%, while the dimensions of LV
and RV reached the maximum at 95% – 5%. However, the changes of LA-B (antero-posterior diameter), LV-D1 (basal dimension), RA-B (minor
dimension), and RV-D2 (mid cavity dimension) were relatively more stable than other diameters during the cardiac cycle. The maximum LA-B
diameter, LV-D1 diameter, RA-B diameter, and RV-D2 diameter as well as the maximum interventricular septum thickness were acquired. Heart
rate (HR) and smoking were potential indicators of LV-D2 (mid cavity dimension), while HR and LV myocardial mass were potential indicators of
LV-D3 (apical-basal dimension). In phase 45%, the cut-off value of LA-B was 37.12 mm, with high sensitivity for predicting LA enlargement.

Conclusion:
Choosing the adaptive cardiac phase for evaluating cardiac chamber dimensions and wall thickness obtained by cardiac CT could provide a more
accurate clinical measurement of the heart.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies and Biological Evaluation of Thiazolyl Hydrazone Derivatives of Chromone-3-carbaldehyde as Potent Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Authors: Gawali Rakhi , Bhosale Raghunath , Bavi Rohit , Jadhav Shravan , Peerzade Nargisbano 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
A series of 15 thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives of chromone-3-
carbaldehyde have been designed and synthesized by the cyclization of thiosemicarbazone derivatives
of chromone-3-carbaldehydes with 4’-substituted-2-bromo acetophenones.

Methods:
All these derivatives were evaluated for antioxidant activity by their direct scavenging
activity objects to reactive oxygen species such as DPPH, and nitric oxide, as well as in vitro antiinflammatory
activity by a protein denaturation method. Most of these synthesized compounds
have shown significant antioxidant activity, among which the compounds 5b, 5c, 5e, 5g, and 5j
showed very good antioxidant activities in comparison with the standard ascorbic acid. The in vitro
anti-inflammatory activity revealed that the compounds 5b, 5g, and 5h possessed significant activity
compared to standard diclofenac sodium.

Results:
Additionally, molecular docking studies of these molecules using ovalbumin as the protein
showed remarkable interactions with its active site residues, and the results indicated that the binding
mode of these compounds closely resembled that of the reference compound, diclofenac sodium.

Conclusion:
Thus, these compounds represent an attractive template for the evaluation of new antiinflammatory
and antioxidant agents and might be useful for exploring new therapeutic tools.
Decades Long Involvement of THP-1 Cells as a Model for Macrophage
Research: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sharma Prakhar , Venkatachalam Kaliyamurthi , Binesh Ambika 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Over the years, researchers have endeavored to identify dependable and reproducible in vitro models for examining macrophage behavior under controlled conditions. The THP-1 cell line has become a significant and widely employed tool in macrophage research within these models. Originating from the peripheral blood of individuals with acute monocytic leuke-mia, this human monocytic cell line can undergo transformation into macrophage-like cells, closely mirroring primary human macrophages when exposed to stimulants. Macrophages play a vital role in the innate immune system, actively regulating inflammation, responding to infec-tions, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. A comprehensive understanding of macrophage bi-ology and function is crucial for gaining insights into immunological responses, tissue healing, and the pathogenesis of diseases such as viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and neoplastic conditions. This review aims to thoroughly evaluate and emphasize the extensive history of THP-1 cells as a model for macrophage research. Additionally, it will delve into the significance of THP-1 cells in advancing our comprehension of macrophage biology and their invaluable contributions to diverse scientific domains.
A Review of the Association between Infections, Seizures, and Drugs
Authors: Tolou-Ghamari Zahra 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Seizures are a common presenting symptom of the central nervous system
(CNS) and could occur from infections (such as toxins) or drugs.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to present a systematic review of the association between infections,
seizures, and drugs.

Methods:
From their inception to 18 February 2024 relevant in-depth consequent guide approach
and the evidence-based choice were selected associated with a knowledgeable collection of current,
high-quality manuscripts.

Results:
Imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters due to infections, drugs
such as ticarcillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, penicillin G, ampicillin, tramadol, venlafaxine, cyclosporine,
tacrolimus, acyclovir, cellcept, the old generation of antiepileptic drugs, such as carbamazepine,
phenytoin, and many other drugs could cause different stages of CNS disturbances ranging
from seizure to encephalopathy. Infections could cause life-threatening status epilepticus by continuous
unremitting seizures lasting longer than 5 minutes or recurrent seizures. Meningitis, tuberculosis,
herpes simplex, cerebral toxoplasmosis, and many others could lead to status epilepticus.
In fact, confusion, encephalopathy, and myoclonus were reported with drugs, such as ticarcillin,
amoxicillin, oxacillin, penicillin G, ampicillin, and others. Penicillin G was reported as having the
greatest epileptogenic potential. A high dose, in addition to prolonged use of metronidazole, was
reported with seizure infection. Meropenem could decrease the concentration of valproic acid. Due
to the inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4, the combination of clarithromycin and erythromycin
with carbamazepine needs vigilant monitoring.

Conclusion:
Due to changes in drug metabolism, co-administration of antiseizure drugs and antibiotics
may lead to an enhanced risk of seizures. In patients with neurocysticercosis, cerebral malaria,
viral encephalitis, bacterial meningitis, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus, the
evidence-based study recommended different mechanisms mediating epileptogenic properties of
toxins and drugs.
A Case Report of Salmonella enterica Meningitis in an Infant: A Rare Entity not to Forget
Authors: Palyvou Maria , Angeli Evangelia , Syrogiannopoulos George , Farmaki Evangelia , Tzanoudaki Marianna , Dimitriou Gabriel , Varvarigou Anastasia , Gkentzi Despoina 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Salmonellae are gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic Enterobacteri-aceae consisting of two species, Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. Invasive diseases, such as meningitis, result in hospitalization, short and long-term complications, and high mortality rates.

Case Presentation:
A 4-month-old baby girl was admitted to a district hospital because of diarrhea and fever. WBC count, urinalysis, urine cultures, and stool cultures were normal. She was treated with intravenous cefuroxime for 5 days. She was discharged on oral cefprozil for 5 days. After the end of therapy, she was admitted again to the same hospital with fever, diarrhea, vomits, and irri-tability. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed pleocytosis, while S. enterica was isolated. Em-pirical therapy with ceftriaxone, amikacin, and dexamethasone was started. Because of intracranial hypertension signs, she was transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit of our tertiary hospital. Therapy continued with intravenous ceftriaxone. Brain MRI revealed subarachnoid space dilata-tion. Increased head circumference and pulsating bregmatic fontanel led to a new cerebral MRI, in which ventricular dilatation and extraparenchymal subdural collection were noted. Ceftriaxone was changed to cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin was added. She remained clinically well; her brain MRI, a week later, showed marked improvement, and the course of intravenous antibiotics for 5 weeks was completed. Her baseline immunodeficiency screening tests were normal and repeat MRI two months post-treatment cessation did not reveal the previous abnormalities.

Conclusion:
Invasive Salmonella diseases, such as meningitis, are very uncommon in industrial countries nowadays, and the optimal management is yet not well established. Late onset of com-plications from Salmonella meningitis warrants more thorough neurodevelopmental follow-ups.
Post-surgical Persistent Hyperparathyroidism Successfully Treated with Parathyroid Radiofrequency Ablation: A Case Report
Authors: Di Marco Francesco , Cusini Claudio , Ferrulli Anna , Mauri Giovanni , Luzi Livio 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Currently, parathyroidectomy is the standard treatment for Primary
Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Surgical treatment is often effective, although not free of complications
and relapses. Minimally invasive techniques, such as Microwave Ablation (MWA) and
Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA), are an alternative to surgery in selected patients. We have,
herein, reported on the successful use of RFA in a patient with post-surgical persistent hyperparathyroidism.

Case Presentation:
A 54-year-old woman was referred to our Center for mild hypercalcemia
with exams revealing Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Neck ultrasound and Technetium-
99 Methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) scintigraphy scanning revealed a suspicious right
parathyroid hyperplasia/adenoma. She underwent parathyroidectomy and histological examination
showed a parathyroid nodular hyperplasia. During the follow-up, she suffered from persistent
hyperparathyroidism due to a left parathyroid hyperplasia. Thus she was treated with RFA.
Blood tests after the procedure showed the remission of the disease 7 months post-treatment.

Conclusion:
A minimally invasive technique for PHPT may represent a valid alternative to surgery,
especially in patients with an elevated surgery-related risk. More studies are necessary to
investigate the benefit of RFA as a first-line treatment in PHPT.
Assessing Knowledge and First-aid Practice Scores of Caregivers of Epilepsy Patients Before and After an Educational Programme in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Misnid Omar Saleh , Al Beabe Sultan Ahmed , Loganathan Mathumalar , Algargoosh Salma Emad , Alqahtani Asayel Saeed , Oun Saad Muhammad , Alamri Abdullah Saleh , Choo Chee-Yan , Almeman Ahmad , Aldubaikhi Abdurahman Abdullah 
Published: April 2024

Background
Although epilepsy is one of the most prevalent and severe neurologic disorders, our knowledge of its intricate pathophysiology and skills to manage are still limited. Recognising its early signs and symptoms are crucial skills for caregivers of epileptic patients to acquire. This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of an education programme on improvement in the caregivers’ knowledge of epilepsy and first-aid practices. The findings will assist caregivers of children with seizures who frequently experience fear and anxiety relative to their perceived confidence to manage seizures. Education to caregivers could improve their perceived level of self-efficacy.

Methods
A community-based, pre- and post-intervention survey was conducted at neurologic care clinics across Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a pretested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. The educational intervention was aimed at disseminating information via a short talk and video demonstration of epilepsy-related first-aid good practices. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21.

Results
Pre-intervention survey of 586 caregivers revealed that nearly 60% had inadequate knowledge of epilepsy; this was reduced to 23.2% after education. Similarly, 84% of caregivers had inadequate knowledge of first-aid practices before the educational intervention, but this was reduced to 32.4% after that. Having resided in the Western regions was a negative predictor of good first-aid practice knowledge scores, both before and after education. A university degree or higher education was positive predictor of higher knowledge scores both before (T=-4.564; p<0.001) and after education (T=-2.775; p=0.025). The oldest caregivers (>50 years) exhibited a significantly lower mean first-aid practice knowledge score (F=7.771; p=0.001).

Conclusion
Caregivers’ general and first-aid practice knowledge were generally poor prior to but were both markedly improved after educational interventions. Targeted educational health promotion could bring awareness to those with lower levels of education and older caregivers living in particularly the Western regions of Saudi Arabia. (255 words)
Antibiotic Resistance in Morganella morganii Species: Mechanisms, Prevalence and Clinical Implication
Authors: Anfal Kara , Meriem Elkolli , Naouel Boussoualim 
Published: April 2024

:
Morganella morganii, a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, has gained increasing recognition as an important pathogen due to its multidrug resistance. In addition to its
intrinsic resistance, it carries various resistance genes and mobile genetic elements, facilitating
the spread of resistance genes. M. morganii develops its mechanisms of resistance through different genetic elements, and its pathogenicity is supported by several virulence factors. Its rate
of resistance has attended high levels in a number of studies. The global prevalence of M. morganii-associated infections is observed with nosocomial and healthcare-associated infections.
The spectrum of diseases caused by M. morganii is diverse, ranging from sepsis and urinary
tract infections, abscess, purple urine bag syndrome, chorioamnionitis, and cellulitis to wound
infections and bacteremia. Mortality rates associated with M. morganii infections remain high,
emphasizing the need for effective treatment strategies. Thus, this article aimed to provide an
overview of the evolving multidrug resistance, resistance genes, risk factors, spectrum diseases,
and clinical significance of M. morganii, and the challenges associated with the diagnosis and
treatment of M. morganii infections.
Sub-acute Inhalation Exposure to Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles and its
Effects on Wistar Rats as Opposed to the Micro-sized Chemical Analog
Authors: Zemlyanova Marina Aleksandrovna , Zaitseva Nina Vladimirovna , Stepankov Mark Sergeevich , Ignatova Anna Mikhailovna 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) are widely used in various productions.
Simultaneously, many research works report the toxic effects of this nanomaterial. Given
that, there is a growing risk of negative effects produced by Al2O3 NPs on public health.

Aims:
This study aims to investigate the toxic effects of Al2O3 NPs as opposed to the micro-sized
chemical analogue under sub-acute inhalation exposure.

Materials and Methods:
We identified the physical properties of Al2O3 NPs as opposed to the micro-
sized chemical analogue, including size, specific surface area, and total pore volume. Inhalation
exposure to Al2O3 NPs was simulated on Wistar rats in a chamber for whole-body. The animals were
exposed for 4 hours each day for 28 days. NPs and MPs concentrations in the chamber were kept at
~ 1/4000 from LC50. Rats’ behavior was examined prior to the exposure period and after it; after the
last daily exposure, we examined biochemical and hematological blood indicators, NPs and MPs bioaccumulation,
and pathomorphological changes in organ tissues.

Results:
The tested Al2O3 sample is a nanomaterial according to its analyzed physical properties.
Rats’ behavior changed more apparently under exposure to NPs compared to MPs. Aluminum levels,
which were 1.62-55.20 times higher than the control, were identified in the lungs, liver, brain, and
blood under exposure to NPs. These levels were also 1.55-7.65 times higher than the control under
exposure to MPs. Biochemical indicators of rats’ blood also changed under exposure to NPs against
the control. We identified more active ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH, elevated levels of GABA, MDA,
and conjugated bilirubin, and a lower level of Glu. As opposed to exposure to MPs, ALT, AST, and
ALP were more active; GABA and MDA levels were higher; Glu level was lower. Under exposure
to NPs, the number of platelets grew, whereas no similar effect occurred under exposure to MPs. We
established pathomorphological changes in tissues of the lungs, brain, heart, and liver under exposure
to Al2O3 NPs; similar changes occurred only in the lungs under exposure to MPs. Exposure to
NPs induced changes in tissue structures in a wider range of various organs, and these changes were
more apparent than under exposure to MPs.

Conclusion:
Greater toxicity of Al2O3 NPs as opposed to MPs is evidenced by a wider range of organs
where their bioaccumulation occurs, more apparent pathomorphological and pathological functional
changes. Established peculiarities of toxic effects produced by the analyzed nanomaterial
should be considered when developing hygienic recommendations aimed at preventing and mitigating
adverse impacts of Al2O3 NPs on human health under inhalation exposure.
Cutting-edge Nanotechnology Approaches in Peptic Ulcer Therapy
Authors: Singh Ritika , Pandey Prasoon , Kumar Anuj , Mishra Manoj Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
The ulcer is a chronic disease that penetrates the gastrointestinal tract and produces a
deep lesion. One type of ulcer is peptic ulcer, which leads to the development of a lesion on the lining
(mucosa) of the digestive tract. Various drugs are used for the treatment, including antibiotics,
but don't provide correct eradication, so for the excellence in therapeutic value and decreasing side
effects, nanotechnology is being used. Nanotechnology is a technique that is nowadays used in
trend because of its outstanding efficacy and also its effect at both cellular and molecular levels.
Based on this technology, nanoparticles are used for the treatment of peptic ulcers. This review focuses
on the treatment approaches for peptic ulcers by using nanotechnology. Some nanoparticles
used in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles,
targeting nanoparticles, and a new technology arrived is membrane coated nanoparticles,
which are very advantageous for H. pylori treatment. The purpose of this review is to overview
and gain attention to the limitations in treatment (like antibiotic resistance) and also the new strategies
to overcome them and enhance the properties of nanoparticles to produce the anti-bacterial effect.
This development helps in the treatment of H. pylori.