bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of boundary conditions on the low‐velocity impact damage mechanism of fiber metal laminate
Authors: Wang Huadong , Zhang Jipeng , Wen Jiale , Wang Yue , Dai Xiangjun , Wang Peng , Fang Guodong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe boundary condition is a very important factor when characterizing the impact performance of a material or a structure. However, its effect on fiber metal laminate (FML) has been rarely mentioned. In the present investigation, three levels of low‐velocity impact tests were conducted on the glass fiber reinforced aluminum laminate (Glare) under two different boundary conditions, one was that defined in ASTM D7136 and another one was self‐designed that has the same constraint area but different constraint degree. One basis of the experiments, finite element analyses were performed to gain a deeper understanding of the different damage mechanisms. With which another three boundary conditions were investigated for further considering the effect of constraint areas on both the impact and non‐impact sides, including that defined in another commonly used standard ASTM D5628 and two self‐designed cases. It was indicated that the boundary conditions influenced less the force and energy responses of Glare laminate, regardless of the impact damage levels, and hardly on the damage behavior as well when perforation was encountered. However, influences were obtained under lower and intermediate damage levels, and it was the constraint area on the rear side and constraint degree that played the dominant roles, respectively. The results achieved can provide suggestions for reasonably evaluating the low‐velocity impact performance of FML.Highlights
Comparisons were made between the low‐velocity impact behavior of Glare laminates under five different boundary conditions.
Boundary conditions influenced hardly on maximum impact force and energy absorbed ratio, but evidently on damage behavior.
Constraint area and constraint degree governed damage mechanism under lower and intermediate impact energies, respectively.
Influence of boundary conditions on damage behavior disappeared when the impact energy was enough to perforate Glare laminate.
Addition reaction of azoles to acetone‐d6: NMR and computational studies
Authors: Claramunt Rosa M. , Sanz Dionisia , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe reactivity of imidazole, pyrazole, 1,2,4‐triazole, 1,2,3‐triazole, and tetrazole with acetone (propan‐2‐one) has been studied by 1H and 13C NMR using acetone‐d6 as solvent at temperatures ranging from 173 to 300 K at 10 K intervals. Simultaneously, the reaction has been theoretically calculated at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level, and experimental and theoretical results have been compared. The equilibrium constants between azoles and adducts α,α‐dimethyl‐azole‐methanol were analyzed, assuming that the straight part of the plots –R ln Ke vs. 1/T can be used to determine ΔH and ΔS. Calculated and experimental data are related, but the theoretical values are proportionally higher. The tautomerism of triazoles and tetrazole has been considered in order to discuss the reactions.
Evidence of Sub‐Micrometric Plastic Release When Heating Food Containers Based on Light Scattering Measurements
Authors: Pallavera Marco , Sanvito Tiziano , Cremonesi Llorenç , Artoni Claudio , Falqui Andrea , Potenza Marco A. C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA growing body of literature is raising concerns about the spread of nano‐ and microplastics and the hazards they pose to the environment and on human health. There is still a limited understanding of their sources and formation mechanisms, making their release and uptake difficult to track and quantify. Among the obstacles to the progress in this field there is the lack of reliable methods for quantitative studies, leading to a potential underestimation of the extent of their release and the related risks. In this paper, the application of an optical method for studying the release of sub‐micrometric plastics in water by polypropylene containers certified for alimentary use is described. The results show evidence of negligible release when the temperature of the water is kept below the manufacturer's specifications, whereas a rampant increase occurs beyond these conditions, irrespective of the thermal history of the sample. Particles with a diameter distribution that spans one order of magnitude are observed, ranging from ≈200 nm to 2 µm, and their refractive index and shape is characterized with light scattering measurements. This work focuses on particle release and does not assess toxicity or effects on living organisms.
A density functional theory study of hydrogen storage on Ni and Pd doped hetero GeC nanotubes
Authors: Taha H. O. , El Mahdy A. M. , Ramadan M. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing ab‐initio DFT based simulations, the hydrogen storage capacity of transition metal (TM = Ni, Pd) decorated doped germanium carbide nanotubes (GeCNTs) with heteroatoms (B, N, Ga, and As) has been examined. The study reveals that each Ni atom bonded on GeCB, GeCN, GeCGa, and GeCAs can attach at the most of 3H2, 2H2, 4H2, and 5H2 molecules with an average binding energy of −.36, −.40, −.32, and −.37 eV/H2, respectively. When doped GeCNTs are fully decorated with Ni atoms, their gravimetric hydrogen storage capacities are around 4.05, 2.73, 5.38, and 6.57 wt%, respectively. The desorption temperature of the systems is 460, 511, 404, and 473 K, respectively. When doped GeCNTs are fully decorated with Pd atoms, their gravimetric hydrogen storage capacities are around 2.07, 3.07, 4.05, and 3.07 wt%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that doped‐GeC adorned with Pd does not satisfy US DOE hydrogen storage requirements. The molecular dynamic (MD) calculations are utilized to examine the stability of the considered structures. The results demonstrate that Ni‐adorned GeCAs are a suitable material for hydrogen storage, which will motivate scientists to fabricate GeCAs‐based fuel cell devices.
Investigation of the cross sections for electron collision ionization of complex molecules
Authors: Chen Zhan‐Bin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn accurate and computationally efficient determination of the cross sections for electron collision ionization of molecules has various applications, such as plasma physics and atmospheric science. In the case of large molecules, ab initio calculations are often difficult and time‐consuming. Here, we develop a feed forward neural network to predict the electron impact ionization cross sections of complex molecules. The training (predicting) set in the method consists of a series of theoretical ionization cross sections for small (large) molecules obtained from the combined model, which integrates the Binary‐Encounter‐Bethe and Deutsch‐Märk models. Several complex systems or targets involving electron collision ionization are evaluated, including molecules such as CH, CH, CH, CH, C, CHO, and CHO. The root mean square errors of the trained and predicted cross sections by the neural network (compared to the values from the combined model) are found to be approximately .0086 and .0930 (in 10 cm), respectively, (using the CHO molecule as an example), indicating our results are very high accuracy. The excellent agreement between the predicted values and the actual values indicates that the neural network is a practical and powerful tool for determining the electron collision ionization cross sections of complex molecules and can provide valuable insights into the dynamics process. Apart from its fundamental importance, this study has far‐reaching implications for gas discharge, low‐temperature plasmas, and fusion edge plasmas and so forth.
Nonlinear Interferometry: A New Approach for Imaging and Sensing
Authors: Fuenzalida Jorge , Giese Enno , Gräfe Markus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNonlinear interferometers are a ubiquitous tool in quantum photonics. As such, they allow spooky‐like imaging with undetected light. On the one side their working principle is based on the principle of induced coherence, which is deeply rooted in the heart of quantum mechanics. On the other side, they bear the strong potential to serve as new tool for biomedical imaging. In this review, an extensive overview about nonlinear interferometers and their working principle is given. A particular focus is set on their exploitation for quantum imaging and sensing. In addition, related side topics and further application fields as well as perspectives are provided.
Modelocked Thermal Frequency Combs for Ultrashort Chaotic Quantum Optics
Authors: Wakui Kentaro , Tsujimoto Yoshiaki , Kishimoto Tadashi , Fujiwara Mikio , Sasaki Masahide , Hosaka Aruto , Kannari Fumihiko , Takeoka Masahiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractModelocked thermal frequency combs (MTCs) are generated by employing spectrally narrowed amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) seeded into an electro‐optic frequency comb generator. The MTC emits 2‐ps duration ultrashort pulses at a repetition rate of 10 GHz. Autocorrelation of the MTC pulses confirms a reduced coherence time, ps, aligning with the narrowed bandwidth of the ASE seed. Intensity correlations of optically gated MTC pulses at a repetition rate of 250 MHz reveal nearly ideal thermal photon statistics with an experimental , yielding an intrinsic after background noise removal. As a practical application, second harmonic generation (SHG) is performed utilizing the optically gated MTC pulses as a pump and experimental intensity correlations, , are examined for the SH photons. An entire transition in , continuously changing from six to two by increasing the pump strength, agrees with the single‐mode analytical model. Furthermore, time‐resolved pulse height correlations allow to simultaneously acquire power variations in SHG and third harmonic generation against the pump. With the maximum peak intensity, , realized in a periodically poled waveguide for SHG, the demonstration highlights the potential for various applications in chaotic quantum optics experiments that necessitate ultrashort, high‐intensity, single‐spatiotemporal‐mode thermal pulses.
Linking sediment connectivity with sediment transport risk assessment in small forested catchments in the Czech Republic
Authors: Koreňová Simona , Michalková Monika Šulc , Máčka Zdeněk , Pöppl Ronald , Donoval Jan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSteep mountain environments are typically characterized by high sediment production. In the case of high hillslope–channel connectivity, high production and intensive transport of sediments are problematic and can cause damage in inhabited areas. At the end of the 19th century, due to flood events, large‐scale torrent control measures were inappropriately applied, disrupting the natural processes, and riparian and water ecosystems in watersheds. Connectivity in watersheds affects the course and magnitude of hazards that threaten human society. This is also why the topic of connectivity should be considered in the management of watercourses. Our study links the issue of sediment connectivity (lateral/longitudinal) and the sediment transport‐related risk in unmeasured forested watersheds Hučivá Desná and Upper Moravice. We applied a methodology for sediment transport‐related risk assessment and the well‐established effective catchment area (ECA) approach and connectivity index (IC) to two headwater streams. The results showed the parts of the streams with the highest degree of hazard related to sediment transport and sediment contribution areas connected to them. Based on the field survey, it was found that the best suitable threshold for ECA delineation for Hučivá Desná catchments is 8° and for Upper Moravice is 10°. Area of sediment contribution areas for Hučivá Desná is four times bigger than for Upper Moravice. The Hučiva Desná, therefore, has a higher potential sediment supply from the slopes, which also increases the possibility of occurrence of hazards associated with the sediment transport regime. All three applied methods confirmed that the parallel roads along channels decrease slope–channel connectivity, especially in the Upper Moravice catchment. The combination of methodologies created a suitable tool to identify the most problematic stretches of streams in terms of sediment connectivity and risk related to sediment transport, which can be useful for water and sediment management in unmeasured forested watersheds.
From the COVID‐19 lockdown to the new normal: Two‐year changes in daily stress and positive event processes
Authors: Klaiber Patrick , van Roekel Eeske , DeLongis Anita , Sin Nancy L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe emergence of the novel COVID‐19 disease and the social distancing measures implemented to curb its spread affected most aspects of daily life. Past work suggests that during times of more severe stress, people respond to daily stressors with relatively higher negative affect. However, little is known about how people responded to daily stressors and positive events at different moments in time during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Thus, we examined longitudinal changes in daily event‐related affect (covariation of daily stressors or positive events with same‐day affect) from Spring 2020 (wave 1) to 2022 (wave 2). The sample consisted of 324 adults aged 18–80 (mean = 52 years; 89% women) from the US and Canada who completed weeklong daily diaries at both waves. The results revealed improvements in affective well‐being, stressor‐related affect (i.e., smaller fluctuations in affect on stressor days vs. nonstressor days), and positive event‐related affect (i.e., lower negative affect on days with vs. without positive events). Furthermore, as people gradually resumed their social activities from 2020 to 2022, people reported being exposed to an increased frequency of both stressors and positive events. This study highlights the potential influence of socio‐historical phenomena, such as an ongoing pandemic, on the events that people encounter and how they emotionally respond to them.
Recent Progress on Dominant Sulfide‐Type Solid‐State Na Superionic Conductors for Solid‐State Sodium Batteries
Authors: Guo Xiaolin , Halacoglu Selim , Chen Yan , Wang Hui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, solid‐state batteries have garnered significant attentions due to their potentials to deliver high energy density and excellent safety. Considering the abundant sodium (Na) resources in contrast to lithium (Li), the development of sodium‐based batteries has become increasingly appealing. Sulfide‐based superionic conductors are widely considered as promising solid eletcrolytes (SEs) in solid‐state Na batteries due to the features of high ionic conductivity and cold‐press densification. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to investigate sulfide‐based Na‐ion conductors on their synthesis, compositions, conductivity, and the feasibility in batteries. However, there are still several challenges to overcome for their practical applications in high performance solid‐state Na batteries. This article provides a comprehensive update on the synthesis, structure, and properties of three dominant sulfide‐based Na‐ion conductors (Na3PS4, Na3SbS4, and Na11Sn2PS12), and their families that have a variety of anion and cation doping. Additionally, the interface stability of these sulfide electrolytes toward the anode is reviewed, as well as the electrochemical performance of solid‐state Na batteries based on different types of cathode materials (metal sulfides, oxides, and organics). Finally, the perspective and outlook for the development and practical utilization of sulfide‐based SE in solid‐state batteries are discussed.
Surface‐Integrating Oxygen Vacancy and CuxO Nanodots Enabling Synergistic Electric Field and Dual Catalytic Sites Boosting CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Li Shuguan , Hu Jingcong , Chen Fang , Chu Shengqi , Tang Ruofei , Wang Shengyao , An Qi , Huang Hongwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh carrier separation efficiency and rapid surface catalytic reaction are crucial for enhancing catalytic CO2 photoreduction reaction. Herein, integrated surface decoration strategy with oxygen vacancies (Ov) and anchoring CuxO (1 < x < 2) nanodots below 10 nm is realized on Bi2MoO6 for promoting CO2 photoreduction performance. The charge interaction between Ov and anchored CuxO enables the formation of enhanced internal electric field, which provides a strong driving force for accelerating the separation of photocharge carriers on the surface of Bi2MoO6 (ηsurf ≈71%). They can also cooperatively reduce the surface work function of Bi2MoO6, facilitating the migration of carrier to the surface. Meanwhile, surface‐integrated Ov and CuxO nanodots allowing dual catalytic sites strengthens the adsorption and activation CO2 into *CO2 over Bi2MoO6, considerably boosting the progression of CO2 conversion process. In the absence of co‐catalyst or sacrificial agent, Bi2MoO6 with Ov and CuxO nanodots achieves a photocatalytic CO generation rate of 12.75 µmol g−1 h−1, a remarkable increase of over ≈15 times that of the original counterpart. This work provides a new idea for governing charge movement behaviors and catalytic reaction thermodynamics on the basis of synergistic improvement of electric field and active sites by coupling of the internal defects and external species.
The Many‐Chemicals Problem of Systems Chemistry
Authors: Maguire Oliver R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn E. coli cell contains ~2500 different chemicals which combine into an ordered biochemical reaction network out of which emerges a living system. A chemist taking 2500 different chemicals from a laboratory chemical cabinet and combining them together will likely cause an explosive disaster and produce an intractable chemical sludge. Systems Chemistry aspires to construct systems whose complexity rivals that of life. However, to do this we will need to learn how to combine hundreds or thousands of different chemicals together to form a functional system without descending into a disordered chemical sludge. This is the Many‐Chemicals Problem of Systems Chemistry. I explore a key strategy life employs to overcome this challenge. Namely, the combination of kinetically stable and thermodynamically activated molecules (e. g. ATP) with enzyme catalysts (e. g. histidine kinases). I suggest how the strategy could have begun at the origin of life. Finally, I assess the implications of this strategy for Systems Chemistry and how it will enable systems chemists to construct systems whose complexity rivals that of life.
Downregulation of circ‐RAPGEF5 inhibits colorectal cancer progression by reducing the expression of polypeptide N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GALNT3)
Authors: Cheng Duo , Chu Feifei , Liang Fang , Zhang Nan , Wang Jingjing , Yue Wenli 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNA (circRNA) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the current understanding of the emerging function and mechanism of circ‐RAPGEF5 in CRC remains poorly understood.MethodsWe first evaluated the expression level of circ‐RAPGEF5 in CRC tissues and cells by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Then, we analyzed cell proliferation (EdU and colony formation assay), migration (cell wound healing assay), invasion (transwell assay), and apoptosis (flow cytometry assay). To further elucidate the mechanism of circ‐RAPGEF5 in CRC, bioinformatics tools, Dual‐luciferase reporter assay, Ago2 RNA immunoprecipitation assay, and RNA pull‐down assay were employed. Moreover, we established a CRC transplantation tumor model to evaluate the effect of circ‐RAPGEF5 on tumor growth in vivo.Resultscirc‐RAPGEF5 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and CRC cells. Furthermore, the downregulation of circ‐RAPGEF5 restrained CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistically, circ‐RAPGEF5 accelerated the malignant behaviors of CRC cells by sponging miR‐545‐5p, which targeted polypeptide N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GALNT3). In addition, we revealed that circ‐RAPGEF5 silence curbed tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionThese findings revealed that circ‐RAPGEF5 played an oncogenic role through the miR‐545‐5p/GALNT3 axis in CRC progression, providing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of CRC.
Amniotic sac diameter reference interval in early pregnancy between 7 and 10 weeks' gestation
Authors: Solangon S. A. , Nijjar S. , De Braud L. V. , Knez J. , Berg L. , Jauniaux E. , Jurkovic D. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo establish a normal reference interval for amniotic sac diameter (ASD) between 7 + 0 and 9 + 6 weeks' gestation and its relative size in relation to gestational sac diameter (GSD) and the embryo crown–rump length (CRL).MethodsThis was a prospective, cross‐sectional study of consecutive women presenting to the Early Pregnancy Unit, University College Hospital, London, UK, between August 2022 and June 2023. We included live, normally sited, singleton pregnancies with a normal 20‐week anomaly scan. We collected 120 cases per gestational week, from 7 + 0 to 9 + 6 weeks' gestation, totaling 360 cases. We performed an inter‐ and intraobserver variability assessment in the measurement of mean ASD in 30 patients. Regression analyses were used to establish reference intervals for GSD and CRL, ASD and CRL, GSD and ASD, and GSD/ASD ratio and CRL. A fitted regression line was calculated, along with a 90% prediction interval and R2 value.ResultsThere was good interobserver agreement (mean ± SD difference, 0.007 ± 1.105 mm (95% limits of agreement (LoA), −2.160 to 2.174 mm)) and good intraobserver agreement for Observer A (mean ± SD difference, −0.080 ± 0.741 mm (95% LoA, −1.532 to 1.372 mm)) and Observer B (mean ± SD difference, −0.014 ± 0.919 mm (95% LoA, −1.814 to 1.786 mm)) in the measurement of mean ASD. Regression analyses showed a statistically significant association between each pair of values (P < 0.001 for all). There was a significant quadratic association between mean GSD and CRL (R2 = 56%), mean GSD and ASD (R2 = 60%) and GSD/ASD ratio and CRL (R2 = 68%), and a significant cubic association between mean ASD and CRL (R2 = 90%). The regression equations were used to quantify the values of ASD and GSD/ASD ratios for a range of CRL values and gestational ages.ConclusionOur study has produced comprehensive reference intervals for amniotic sac size in early pregnancy, which could be used in routine clinical practice. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.