bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Distribution of Quantitative Trait Loci for Yield and Yield‐related Traits in Common Wheat
Authors: Zhang Li‐Yi , Liu Dong‐Cheng , Guo Xiao‐Li , Yang Wen‐Long , Sun Jia‐Zhu , Wang Dao‐Wen , Zhang Aimin 
Published: May 2010

Abstract A major objective of quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies is to find genes/markers that can be used in breeding programs via marker assisted selection (MAS). We surveyed the QTLs for yield and yield‐related traits and their genomic distributions in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the available published reports. We then carried out a meta‐QTL (MQTL) analysis to identify the major and consistent QTLs for these traits. In total, 55 MQTLs were identified, of which 12 significant MQTLs were located on wheat chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2D, 3B, 4A, 4B, 4D and 5A. Our study showed that the genetic control of yield and its components in common wheat involved the important genes such as Rht and Vrn. Furthermore, several significant MQTLs were found in the chromosomal regions corresponding to several rice genomic locations containing important QTLs for yield related traits. Our results demonstrate that meta‐QTL analysis is a powerful tool for confirming the major and stable QTLs and refining their chromosomal positions in common wheat, which may be useful for improving the MAS efficiency of yield related traits.
Fingerprinting Analysis of Saposhnikovia divaricata using 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Xin Yue‐Yang , Deng An‐Jun , Du Guan‐Hua , Zhang Jin‐Lan , Qin Hai‐Lin 
Published: May 2010

Abstract The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) fingerprints of fractionated non‐polar and polar extracts (control substance for plant drug [CSPD] A and B) from the roots of 12 specimens of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk were achieved with Fourier Transform (FT)‐NMR spectrometer and assigned by comparison to each other and to the 1H NMR spectra of the isolated individual compounds. These fingerprints were found to be uniform in terms of the specificity for the implication of all 12 specimens being systematically of the same origin. The uniformity was further affirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which also revealed exactly identical specificity for the identified S. divaricata species with the 1H NMR appearances of corresponding CSPD on the part of the composition of characteristic constituents when comparing to corresponding individual compounds. This investigation unambiguously shows that the specific signals from the chemotaxonomically significant compounds of chromones and coumarins in S. divaricata are exhibited distinctively in the composite features of both 1H NMR fingerprints and HPLC profiles. The 1H NMR and HPLC profiles established can successfully be used as reference for the authentication of the origin of S. divaricata species as well as for chemotaxonomic studies.
Longitudinal changes in subjective and objective visual function in diabetics 5 years after cataract surgery
Authors: Lundqvist Britta , Mönestam Eva 
Published: May 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To investigate and compare the long‐term subjective and objective visual functional results of phacoemulsification in diabetics and non‐diabetics.Methods:  A prospective, longitudinal, population‐based study comprising 57 diabetics and 473 non‐diabetics, who had cataract surgery during a 1‐year period at Norrlands University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden. Visual acuity data, visual function questionnaire (VF‐14) responses, and level of diabetic retinopathy were recorded pre‐ and postoperatively as well as 5 years after surgery.Results:  Four months postoperatively, the median VF‐14 total score for both the diabetics and the non‐diabetics was 100; at 5 years, the score decreased to 96.4 and 97.2, respectively (p = 0.81). The median best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the operated eye was logMAR 0.046 (Q1:Q3 = 0:0.15) for both the diabetics and the non‐diabetics 4–8 weeks postoperatively. Five years later, the BCVA for the diabetics was logMAR 0.14 (Q1:Q3 = 0.02:0.34) and for the non‐diabetics 0.1 (Q1:Q3 = 0.02:0.3), (p = 0.34). Five years after surgery, 26% of the diabetics and 22% of the non‐diabetics had a reduction in VF14‐score of 10 points or more (p = 0.64) compared with 4 months postoperatively. One‐third of both the diabetics (18/57) and the non‐diabetics (149/473) had lost more than 0.1 log MAR unit in BCVA of the operated eye (p = 0.86).Conclusion:  Subjective and objective visual function 5 years after cataract surgery remained stable in most surviving diabetics and non‐diabetics. The longitudinal visual function in diabetics was not significantly worse compared with non‐diabetics.
Managing and Sustaining Your Juvenile Drug Court
Authors: Van Wormer Jacqueline , Lutze Faith E. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTSince the introduction and subsequent growth of the juvenile drug court movement in the mid‐1990s, practitioners have struggled to fully implement the Juvenile Drug Courts: Strategies in Practice. This struggle may lead to weaker outcomes for youth and a dysfunctional team atmosphere.Originally written as a two‐part technical assistance brief, this article will guide readers through the Juvenile Drug Court Development Cycle in order to help re‐direct practitioners to a more “back‐to‐basics” approach that focuses on collaboration, team dynamics, and decision making.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Immunohistochemical identification of basal‐like breast carcinoma and Its histopathologic correlation
Authors: Chin Susie , Koh Eun Suk , Kwak Jeong Ja , Kim Hee Kyung , Lee Hee Jung , Lim Cheol Wan 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT Background and aim: DNA expression profiling studies of breast cancer have identified subtypes including luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression, and basal‐like type. Among them, the basal‐like type was associated with poor outcome. The purpose of this study was to classify breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry and evaluate its characteristic histopathologic features. Methods: One hundred and four cases of resected infiltrating ductal carcinoma were immunostained for estrogen receptor, HER2, cytokeratin 5/6 and p63 to classification, and basal‐like subtype were evaluated for its histopathologic characteristics. Results: The prevalence of subtypes was luminal A 48.1%, luminal B 24.0%, HER2 overexpression 11.5%, normal breast‐like 4.8%, and basal‐like 11.5%. There was significant correlation between the basal‐like type and histologic grade. And it was significantly associated with several morphological features including expanding growth pattern, presence of tumor necrosis and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the basal‐like type occupied 11.5% of infiltrating ductal carcinoma and was associated with expanding growth pattern, presence of tumor necrosis and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration.
CASE REPORT: Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Two case reports
Authors: Nicolas Marlo M , Sanchez‐Salazar Alma J , Guo Charles C 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTWe report two cases of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The tumor in the first case presented as an irregular and erythematous urinary bladder lesion with pararectal or rectal tumor extension. Perineal, scrotal and intrabdominal metastases developed within 4 months despite neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A muscle‐invasive urinary bladder tumor was seen in the second case with perivesical and perivesicular extension and regional lymph metastases at cystoprostatectomy. The tumor cells in both cases were nested or dyscohesive, and resembled plasma cells; focal signet ring cells were also seen in the second case. The advanced stage of both cases is consistent with the reported aggressive biologic course of most of these tumors. Awareness of this rare variant when dealing with urogenital tract carcinoma is important since the morphology may suggest another diagnosis. Because of peculiar expression of CD138, a plasma cell‐associated marker, these tumors may be mistaken for a plasma cell‐derived neoplasm.
Healing of the Greater Tuberosity in Acute Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty Using an Accelerated Rehabilitation Regime
Authors: Macfarlane Robert J. , Ali Zulfikar , Datt Dipankar , Venkateswaran Balachandran 
Published: May 2010

Background Displaced three- and four-part proximal humerus fractures are common and are frequently treated by shoulder hemiarthroplasty. The present study sought to evaluate an accelerated rehabilitaton regime following hemiarthoplasty and assess its affect on healing of the greater tuberosities. Methods Twenty patients over a 2-year period treated with acute hemiarthroplasty were rehabilitated with an accelerated regime of passive movements on day 1, active movements from the second week, and strengthening from the fourth postoperative week. Clinical and radiological follow-up was at 12 months. Results At 6 months, the mean Constant functional shoulder score was 55.52 (range 14 to 78). The average maximum forward elevation was 98.47° (range 30° to 160°). The mean pain score at 6 months was 11.42 (range 0 to 15). Twenty-two of 23 patients went on to heal radiologically by 3 months, with one case undergoing resorption of the tuberosities as a result of falls and a cerebrovascular event affecting the limb. At 3 months, 20/23 patients had undergone tuberosity healing with less than 0.5 cm displacement (86.9% of patients). Discussion An accelerated rehabilitation regime does not adversely affect the rate of healing of the tuberosities following shoulder hemiarthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures. The use of an early mobilization regime is likely to allow an earlier return to normal activities of daily living.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Different Designs of Glenospheres in the SMR Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis: Micromotion of the Baseplate and Risk of Loosening
Authors: Poon Peter C. , Chou Justin , Young Darryl , Malak Sharif F. , Anderson Iain A. 
Published: May 2010

Background Early outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty have been encouraging. Scapular notching remains a major concern. In an attempt to reduce this problem, newer glenospheres are available. This biomechanical study performed in vitro, assessed the micromotions of baseplate in different designs of glenospheres and the relative risk of loosening. Methods A dynamic shear force was applied to each type of glenosphere in various angles of abduction. The micromotion of the glenoid baseplate after 1000 cycles of dynamic loading was measured and compared. Results Eccentric glenospheres were shown to have increased micromotion compared to the concentric designs of the same size. The greatest baseplate micromotion (26.83 μm) was well within the accepted limit for osseous in growth into uncemented prosthesis. Discussion We therefore conclude that the magnitude of the increased micromotion is small and is not expected to adversely affect osseous in growth onto the glenoid baseplate.
Interference Fit: A Novel Method for Strong Knotless Arthroscopic Fixation of Sutures to Bone
Authors: Ramesh Rangaraju , Szymankiewicz James , Hooper Robert M. , Bunker Timothy D. 
Published: May 2010

Background The present study examined the strength of fixation of a knotless anchor system that relies on trapping the suture between an interference fit screw and its bone tunnel, a method familiar to orthopaedic surgeons during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Type of study In vitro biomechanical single-pull load to failure study of fixation achieved by interference fit screws in porcine bone. A standard suture anchor with eyelet was used as a control. Methods A single-pull to failure test was carried out on a Hounsfield H20K digital tensiometer (Tinius Olsen, Hersham, PA, USA). Two suture materials were compared [braided polyester (Ethibond; Ethicon Ltd, Edinburgh, UK) and a new suture (Fibrewire; Arthrex Inc., Naples, FL, USA) that has a high molecular weight polyethylene core]. Two interference fit screws were compared: one metal and the other plastic (PEEK; Parkus Medical, Sturgeon Bay, WI, USA). Results The average values were between 262 N and 584 N. The average failure value for a standard anchor was 206 N. Clinical Relevance Interference fit fixation provides an elegant strong knotless method for securing multiple sutures to a single point.
Biopsy and diagnostic histopathology in dental practice in Brisbane: usage patterns and perceptions of usefulness
Authors: Wan A , Savage NW 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground:  Biopsy procedures and diagnostic histopathology are rarely used by general dental practitioners (GDPs) compared with dental specialists. The aim of this study was to investigate the usage patterns and views of GDPs and specialists in Brisbane on these procedures.Methods:  An analysis was carried out on 1027 oral biopsy accessions at a private pathology laboratory. A survey was distributed to 200 GDPs and dental specialists inquiring about their use of and views on biopsy and diagnostic histopathology. An analysis was carried out on 327 and 95 biopsies performed at a private oral medicine practice and at the University of Queensland School of Dentistry, respectively.Results:  The majority (76.2%) of GDPs surveyed referred all oral lesions requiring biopsy to a specialist, rather than undertaking biopsy themselves. Although most GDPs recognized the importance of biopsy, a large proportion (58.1%) did not feel competent in undertaking the procedure due to concerns of inadequate experience and practical skills.Conclusions:  Many dental practitioners believe that GDPs should be able to undertake simple biopsies of benign lesions, however more undergraduate and postgraduate training in biopsy and diagnostic histopathology is necessary to promote a greater use of these procedures.
Non‐carious cervical lesions on permanent anterior teeth: a new morphological classification
Authors: Michael JA , Kaidonis JA , Townsend GC 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground:  Various cross‐sectional forms of non‐carious cervical lesions have been described but no formal morphological classification system has been developed. The aims of this study were to describe the spectrum of common morphological forms of non‐carious cervical lesions observed within a large sample of extracted human permanent anterior teeth and to develop a system for classification based on morphological features.Methods:  Over 15 000 extracted permanent anterior teeth were examined macroscopically under illumination at 2× magnification. Well‐defined, descriptive categories were formed, based on observable non‐carious cervical lesion features and using terminology currently reported in the literature. The lesions were then sorted into these categories.Results:  Five hundred and forty‐two non‐carious cervical lesions were identified on 15 289 teeth extracted in the early to mid 20th century, representing a frequency of 3.5%. The main categories developed were “shallow”, “concave”, “wedge‐shaped”, “notched”, and “irregular”.Conclusions:  The new morphological classification system provides an alternative to presently used systems based on aetiology, and should facilitate future research on non‐carious cervical lesions.
Magnetospirillum bellicus
sp. nov., a Novel Dissimilatory Perchlorate-Reducing Alphaproteobacterium Isolated from a Bioelectrical Reactor
Authors: Thrash J. Cameron , Ahmadi Sarir , Torok Tamas , Coates John D. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Previously isolated dissimilatory perchlorate-reducing bacteria (DPRB) have been primarily affiliated with the
Betaproteobacteria
. Enrichments from the cathodic chamber of a bioelectrical reactor (BER) inoculated from creek water in Berkeley, CA, yielded a novel organism most closely related to a previously described strain, WD (99% 16S rRNA gene identity). Strain VDY
T
has 96% 16S rRNA gene identity to both
Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense
and
Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum
, and along with strain WD, distinguishes a clade of perchlorate-reducing
Magnetospirillum
species in the
Alphaproteobacteria
. In spite of the phylogenetic location of VDY
T
, attempted PCR for the key magnetosome formation genes
mamI
and
mamL
was negative. Strain VDY
T
was motile, non-spore forming, and, in addition to perchlorate, could use oxygen, chlorate, nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide as alternative electron acceptors with acetate as the electron donor. Transient chlorate accumulation occurred during respiration of perchlorate. The organism made use of fermentation end products, such as acetate and ethanol, as carbon sources and electron donors for heterotrophic growth, and in addition, strain VDY
T
could grow chemolithotrophically with hydrogen serving as the electron donor. VDY
T
contains a copy of the RuBisCo
cbbM
gene, which was expressed under autotrophic but not heterotrophic conditions. DNA-DNA hybridization with strain WD confirmed VDY
T
as a separate species (46.2% identity), and the name
Magnetospirillum bellicus
sp. nov. (DSM 21662, ATCC BAA-1730) is proposed.
Integration of Insecticidal Protein Vip3Aa1 into
Beauveria bassiana
Enhances Fungal Virulence to
Spodoptera litura
Larvae by Cuticle and
Per
Os
Infection
Authors: Qin Yi , Ying Sheng-Hua , Chen Ying , Shen Zhi-Cheng , Feng Ming-Guang 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

The entomopathogenic fungus
Beauveria bassiana
acts slowly on insect pests through cuticle infection. Vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip3A) of
Bacillus thuringiensis
kill lepidopteran pests rapidly, via
per os
infection, but their use for pest control is restricted to integration into transgenic plants. A transgenic
B. bassiana
strain (BbV28) expressing Vip3Aa1 (a Vip3A toxin) was thus created to infect the larvae of the oriental leafworm moth
Spodoptera litura
through conidial ingestion and cuticle adhesion. Vip3Aa1 (∼88 kDa) was highly expressed in the conidial cytoplasm of BbV28 and was detected as a digested form (∼62 kDa) in the larval midgut 18 and 36 h after conidial ingestion. The median lethal concentration (LC
50
) of BbV28 against the second-instar larvae feeding on cabbage leaves sprayed with conidial suspensions was 26.2-fold lower than that of the wild-type strain on day 3 and 1.1-fold lower on day 7. The same sprays applied to both larvae and leaves for their feeding reduced the LC
50
of the transformant 17.2- and 1.3-fold on days 3 and 7, respectively. Median lethal times (LT
50
s) of BbV28 were shortened by 23 to 35%, declining with conidial concentrations. The larvae infected by ingestion of BbV28 conidia showed typical symptoms of Vip3A action, i.e., shrinkage and palsy. However, neither LC
50
nor LT
50
trends differed between BbV28 and its parental strain if the infection occurred through the cuticle only. Our findings indicate that fungal conidia can be used as vectors for spreading the highly insecticidal Vip3A protein for control of foliage feeders such as
S. litura
.
Genetic Characterization of
Vibrio vulnificus
Strains from Tilapia Aquaculture in Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmud Zahid H. , Wright Anita C. , Mandal Shankar C. , Dai Jianli , Jones Melissa K. , Hasan Mahmud , Rashid Mohammad H. , Islam Mohammad S. , Johnson Judith A. , Gulig Paul A. , Morris J. Glenn , Ali Afsar 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Outbreaks of
Vibrio vulnificus
wound infections in Israel were previously attributed to tilapia aquaculture. In this study,
V. vulnificus
was frequently isolated from coastal but not freshwater aquaculture in Bangladesh. Phylogenetic analyses showed that strains from Bangladesh differed remarkably from isolates commonly recovered elsewhere from fish or oysters and were more closely related to strains of clinical origin.
Searching for Mesophilic
Thermotogales
Bacteria: “Mesotogas” in the Wild
Authors: Nesbø Camilla L. , Kumaraswamy Rajkumari , Dlutek Marlena , Doolittle W. Ford , Foght Julia 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

All cultivated
Thermotogales
are thermophiles or hyperthermophiles. However, optimized 16S rRNA primers successfully amplified
Thermotogales
sequences from temperate hydrocarbon-impacted sites, mesothermic oil reservoirs, and enrichment cultures incubated at <46°C. We conclude that distinct
Thermotogales
lineages commonly inhabit low-temperature environments but may be underreported, likely due to “universal” 16S rRNA gene primer bias.
Genetic and Proteomic Analysis of Factors Affecting Serum Cholesterol Reduction by
Lactobacillus acidophilus
A4
Authors: Lee Jin , Kim Younghoon , Yun Hyun Sun , Kim Jong Gun , Oh Sejong , Kim Sae Hun 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

This article identifies novel factors involved in cholesterol reduction by probiotic bacteria, which were identified using genetic and proteomic approaches. Approximately 600
Lactobacillus acidophilus
A4 mutants were created by random mutagenesis. The cholesterol-reducing ability of each mutant was determined and verified using two different methods: the
o
-phthalaldehyde assay and gas chromatographic analysis (GC). Among screened mutants, strain BA9 showed a dramatically diminished ability to reduce cholesterol, as demonstrated by a 7.7% reduction rate, while the parent strain had a more than 50% reduction rate. The transposon insertion site was mapped using inverse PCR (I-PCR), and it was determined using bioinformatic methods that the deleted region contained the
Streptococcus thermophilus
catabolite control protein A gene (
ccpA
). In addition, we have shown using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) that several proteins, including a transcription regulator, FMN-binding protein, major facilitator superfamily permease, glycogen phosphorylase, the YknV protein, and fructose/tagatose bisphosphate aldolase, were strongly regulated by the
ccpA
gene. In addition,
in vivo
experiments investigating
ccpA
function were conducted with rats. Rats fed wild-type
L. acidophilus
A4 showed a greater than 20% reduction in total serum cholesterol, but rats fed BA9 mutant
L. acidophilus
showed only an approximately 10% reduction in cholesterol. These results provide important insights into the mechanism by which these lactic acid bacteria reduce cholesterol.
Influence of Soil Characteristics on the Diversity of Bacteria in the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Faoro H. , Alves A. C. , Souza E. M. , Rigo L. U. , Cruz L. M. , Al-Janabi S. M. , Monteiro R. A. , Baura V. A. , Pedrosa F. O. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is one of the 25 biodiversity hot spots in the world. Although the diversity of its fauna and flora has been studied fairly well, little is known of its microbial communities. In this work, we analyzed the Atlantic Forest ecosystem to determine its bacterial biodiversity, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and correlated changes in deduced taxonomic profiles with the physicochemical characteristics of the soil. DNAs were purified from soil samples, and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified to construct libraries. Comparison of 754 independent 16S rRNA gene sequences from 10 soil samples collected along a transect in an altitude gradient showed the prevalence of
Acidobacteria
(63%), followed by
Proteobacteria
(25.2%),
Gemmatimonadetes
(1.6%),
Actinobacteria
(1.2%),
Bacteroidetes
(1%),
Chloroflexi
(0.66%),
Nitrospira
(0.4%),
Planctomycetes
(0.4%),
Firmicutes
(0.26%), and OP10 (0.13%). Forty-eight sequences (6.5%) represented unidentified bacteria. The Shannon diversity indices of the samples varied from 4.12 to 3.57, indicating that the soils have a high level of diversity. Statistical analysis showed that the bacterial diversity is influenced by factors such as altitude, Ca
2+
/Mg
2+
ratio, and Al
3+
and phosphorus content, which also affected the diversity within the same lineage. In the samples analyzed, pH had no significant impact on diversity.