bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of otolith receptors in Japanese quail
Authors: Huss David , Navaluri Rena , Faulkner Kathleen F. , David Dickman J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study examined the morphological development of the otolith vestibular receptors in quail. Here, we describe epithelial growth, hair cell density, stereocilia polarization, and afferent nerve innervation during development. The otolith maculae epithelial areas increased exponentially throughout embryonic development reaching asymptotic values near posthatch day P7. Increases in hair cell density were dependent upon macular location; striolar hair cells developed first followed by hair cells in extrastriola regions. Stereocilia polarization was initiated early, with defining reversal zones forming at E8. Less than half of all immature hair cells observed had nonpolarized internal kinocilia with the remaining exhibiting planar polarity. Immunohistochemistry and neural tracing techniques were employed to examine the shape and location of the striolar regions. Initial innervation of the maculae was by small fibers with terminal growth cones at E6, followed by collateral branches with apparent bouton terminals at E8. Calyceal terminal formation began at E10; however, no mature calyces were observed until E12, when all fibers appeared to be dimorphs. Calyx afferents innervating only Type I hair cells did not develop until E14. Finally, the topographic organization of afferent macular innervation in the adult quail utricle was quantified. Calyx and dimorph afferents were primarily confined to the striolar regions, while bouton fibers were located in the extrastriola and Type II band. Calyx fibers were the least complex, followed by dimorph units. Bouton fibers had large innervation fields, with arborous branches and many terminal boutons. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 436–455, 2010
Nanostructured Dioxomolybdenum(VI) Catalyst for the Liquid‐Phase Epoxidation of Olefins
Authors: Castro Alichandra , Alonso João C. , Valente Anabela A. , Neves Patrícia , Brandão Paula , Félix Vitor , Ferreira Paula 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA new organosilica hybrid mesoporous material (HM) containing phosphane oxide surface groups was prepared via the “dual” organosilane templated co‐condensation of 4‐bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene and (diphenylphosphanyl)propyltriethoxysilane, followed by post‐synthesis oxidation of the phosphane surface groups. The HM material was used to immobilise the [Mo(O)2Cl2] complex. The resultant material (HM‐Mo) is an active and selective catalyst in the liquid‐phase epoxidation of olefins [cis‐cyclooctene, (R)‐(+)‐limonene, trans‐2‐octene, 1‐octene] with tBuOOH at 55 °C and gives comparable epoxide yields to those observed for the free complex [MoCl2(O)2{OP(CH2CH3)(Ph)2}2] (1), under similar reaction conditions: the crystal structure of complex 1 remains the same after reaction with tBuOOH. The oxidant is essentially consumed in the HM‐Mo or 1 catalysed epoxidation of the olefin. In the case of limonene (possesses endo‐ and exocyclic C=C bonds), the molar ratio of 1,2‐epoxy‐p‐menth‐8‐ene/1,2–8,9‐diepoxy‐p‐menthane at ca. 90 % conversion (reached after 24 h reaction) is ca. 5 and 10 for 1 and HM‐Mo, respectively, indicating a favourable regioselectivity towards the epoxidation of the endocyclic C1–C2 double bond, especially in the case of the heterogeneous catalyst.
Selective Tuning of the HOMO–LUMO Gap of Carbazole‐Based Donor–Acceptor–Donor Compounds toward Different Emission Colors
Authors: Zhang Huaqiang , Wan Xiangjian , Xue Xiaosong , Li Yanqin , Yu Ao , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCarbazole‐based donor–acceptor compounds with tunable HOMO–LUMO gaps were synthesized by Suzuki and Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions. Their optical and electrochemical properties were fully characterized. The results show that materials with different emission colors ranging from blue to green to orange could be obtained. The experimental results were also supported by theoretical calculations.
Nafion Coated Silver Amalgam Electrode for Determination of Trace Metals by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Strasunske Kristina , Mikkelsen Øyvind , Billon Gabriel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper describes characterization and application of Nafion coated solid silver amalgam electrodes to prevent surface fouling of surfactants in determination of trace metals by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Polymer films of different thickness were tested using Nafion solutions in the range 0.25%–1%. Optimum thickness was archived using a 0.5% Nafion solution, resulting in both increased response and stability over time compared to uncoated electrodes. The influence of model surface active macromolecules was studied using triton X‐100, sodium dodecyl sulfate, dodecyl pyridinium chloride and bovine serum albumin as representatives for surfactants. The resistance to surfactants makes the studied Nafion coated solid silver amalgam electrodes an interesting alternative for practical use in environmental monitoring.
Ultrathin Carbon Film Electrodes from Vacuum‐Carbonised Cellulose Nanofibril Composite
Authors: Vuorema Anne , Sillanpää Mika , Rassaei Liza , Wasbrough Matthew J. , Edler Karen J. , Thielemans Wim , Dale Sara E. C. , Bending Simon , Wolverson Daniel , Marken Frank 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA novel way to produce ultrathin transparent carbon layers on tin‐doped indium oxide (ITO) substrates is developed. The ITO surface is coated with cellulose nanofibrils (from sisal) via layer‐by‐layer electrostatic binding with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) or PDDAC acting as the binder. The cellulose nanofibril‐PDDAC composite film is then vacuum‐carbonised at 500 °C. The resulting carbon films are characterised by atomic force microscopy (AFM), small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), and Raman methods. Smooth carbon films with good adhesion to the ITO substrate are formed. The electrochemical characterisation of the carbon films is based on the oxidation of hydroquinone and the reduction of benzoquinone in aqueous phosphate buffer media. A modest effect of the cellulose nanofibril‐PDDAC film on the rate of electron transfer is observed. The effect of the film on the rate of electron transfer after carbonisation is more dramatic. For a 40‐layer cellulose nanofibril‐PDDAC film after carbonisation a two‐order of magnitude change in the rate of electron transfer occurs presumably due to a better interaction of the hydroquinone/benzoquinone system with the electrode surface.
Preparation of open tubular molecule imprinted polymer capillary columns with various templates by a generalized procedure and their chiral and non‐chiral separation performance in CEC
Authors: Zaidi Shabi Abbas , Han Kyoung Moon , Hwang Dong Guk , Cheong Won Jo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA generalized preparation procedure of open tubular (OT) molecule imprinted polymer (MIP) columns is proposed for a number of templates with acidic functionality such as profen drugs and others. The template (S‐enantiomer) was mixed with methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 4‐styrenesulfonic acid, dissolved in a porogen mixture of ACN/2‐propanol (9/1), and incubated in a pretreated and silanized fused silica capillary by the thermal non‐covalent polymerization procedure. The whole preparation procedure was exactly the same for all the MIP capillaries except for the selection of template. Nevertheless, the morphologies of the MIP layers were markedly variant depending upon the choice of template. The separation efficiency of each OT‐MIP column for chiral separation of R‐ and S‐enantiomers was examined and tuned to obtain the best separation efficiency by changing the chromatographic parameters such as eluent composition and pH. Different optimized conditions were obtained for different OT‐MIP columns. Nevertheless, a unified eluent could be used to obtain still quite satisfactory results. Non‐chiral separation of the MIP columns were also examined in the unified eluent with two sets of test mixtures, that is, a mixture of alkylbenzenes and a mixture of small polar solutes. The chiral and non‐chiral separation of this study resulted in very good separation efficiencies. This work is the very first study for the generalization of preparation of OT‐MIP columns for a number of templates.
Change‐point analysis of mean annual rainfall data from Tucumán, Argentina
Authors: Jandhyala Venkata K. , Fotopoulos Stergios B. , You Jing 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe annual mean rainfall data from Tucumán, Argentina for the years 1884–1996 is revisited for an in‐depth change‐point analysis. Applying classical change detection statistics, we first demonstrate that change‐point analysis under independence is invalid. Upon properly adjusting for dependence, it is found that a significant change has occurred in the mean of the data in and around 1956. The data analysis demonstrates that change detection statistics are sensitive to how the model variance is estimated. Moreover, the analysis shows that even marginally significant serial correlations among the observations can have a highly significant effect upon the variance estimate. Finally, the analysis illustrates that one should exercise care while implementing parametric or non‐parametric methods in estimating the model variance, and one should be prepared for one of the methods outperforming the other. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemokine expression in the white matter spinal cord precursor niche after force‐defined spinal cord contusion injuries in adult rats
Authors: Knerlich‐Lukoschus Friederike , von der Ropp‐Brenner Beata , Lucius Ralph , Mehdorn Hubertus Maximilian , Held‐Feindt Janka 
Published: February 2010

AbstractInflammatory cascades induced by spinal cord injuries (SCI) are localized in the white matter, a recognized neural stem‐ and progenitor‐cell (NSPC) niche of the adult spinal cord. Chemokines, as integrators of these processes, might also be important determinants of this NSPC niche. CCL3/CCR1, CCL2/CCR2, and SDF‐1α/CXCR4 were analyzed in the ventrolateral white matter after force defined thoracic SCI: Immunoreactivity (IR) density levels were measured 2 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 42 d on cervical (C 5), thoracic (T 5), and lumbar (L 5) levels. On day post operation (DPO) 42, chemokine inductions were further evaluated by real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blot analyses. Cellular phenotypes were confirmed by double labeling with markers for major cell types and NSPCs (nestin, Musashi‐1, NG2, 3CB2, BLBP). Mitotic profiles were investigated in parallel by BrdU labeling. After lesion, chemokines were induced in the ventrolateral white matter on IR‐, mRNA‐, and protein‐level. IR was generally more pronounced after severe lesions, with soaring increases of CCL2/CCR2 and continuous elevations of CCL3/CCR1. SDF‐1α and CXCR4 IR induction was focused on thoracic levels. Chemokines/‐receptors were co‐expressed with astroglial, oligodendroglial markers, nestin, 3CB2 and BLBP by cells morphologically resembling radial glia on DPO 7 to DPO 42, and NG2 or Musashi‐1 on DPO 2 and 7. In the white matter BrdU positive cells were significantly elevated after lesion compared with sham controls on all investigated time points peaking in the early time course on thoracic level: Here, chemokines were co‐expressed by subsets of BrdU‐labeled cells. These findings suggest an important role of chemokines/‐receptors in the subpial white matter NSPC niche after SCI. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of the glucocorticoid receptor with STAT3, C/EBPβ, and the hormone‐responsive element within the rat haptoglobin gene promoter during the acute phase response
Authors: Arambašić Jelena , Poznanović Goran , Ivanović‐Matić Svetlana , Bogojević Desanka , Mihailović Mirjana , Uskoković Aleksandra , Grigorov Ilijana 
Published: February 2010

AbstractUpregulation of haptoglobin (Hp) expression in the rat during the acute phase (AP) response is the result of synergistic effects of IL‐6–, IL‐1β–, and corticosterone‐activated signaling pathways. IL‐6 signaling terminates in cis–trans interactions of the Hp gene hormone‐responsive element (HRE) with transcription factors STAT3 and C/EBPβ. The aim of this study was to examine the unresolved molecular mechanism of glucocorticoid action. A 3‐fold rise in serum corticosterone at 2 and 4 h of the AP response induced by turpentine administration preceded a 2.3‐fold increase in the rate of Hp gene transcription at 12 h that was accompanied by a 4.8‐fold increase in glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the appearance of an 86‐kDa STAT3 isoform and 3.9‐, 1.9‐, and 1.7‐fold increased amounts of 91‐kDa STAT3, 35‐ and 42‐kDa C/EBPβ isoforms in the nucleus. These events resulted in 4.6‐ and 2.5‐fold increased Hp levels in the liver and serum at 24 h. HRE affinity chromatography and immunoblot analysis revealed that maximal occupancy of the HRE with GR, STAT3, and C/EBPβ at 12 h correlated with increased transcriptional activity of the Hp gene. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that activated GR established de novo interaction with STAT3 isoforms while GR–C/EBPβ interactions observed during basal transcription increased during the AP response. Computer analysis of the HRE disclosed two potential GR‐binding sites: one overlapping STAT3, another adjacent to a C/EBPβ‐binding site. This finding and the experimental results suggest that activated GR through direct interactions with STAT3 and C/EBPβ, participates in Hp gene upregulation as a transcriptional coactivator. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(2): 227–236, 2010
Climatic implications of cirque distribution in the Romanian Carpathians: palaeowind directions during glacial periods
Authors: Mîndrescu Marcel , Evans Ian S. , Cox Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe many glacial cirques in the mountains of Romania indicate the distribution of former glacier sources, related to former climates as well as to topography. In the Transylvanian Alps (Southern Carpathians) cirque floors rise eastward at 0.714 m km−1, and cirque aspects tend ENE, confirming the importance of winds from some westerly direction. There is a contrast between two neighbouring ranges: the Făgăraş, where the favoured aspect of cirques is ENE, and the Iezer, where the tendency is stronger and to NNE. This can be explained by the Iezer Mountains being sheltered by the Făgăraş, which implies precipitation‐bearing winds from north of west at times of mountain glaciation. Palaeoglaciation levels also suggest winds from north of west, which is consistent with aeolian evidence from Pleistocene dunes, yardangs and loess features in the plains of Hungary and southwestern Romania. In northern Romania (including Ukrainian Maramureş) the influence of west winds was important, but sufficient only to give a northeastward tendency in cirque aspects. This gave stronger asymmetry than in the Transylvanian Alps, as the northward (solar radiation incidence) tendency in these marginally glaciated mountains was less diluted by wind effects. Cirque floors in northern Romania are lower also in northeast‐facing cirques. In general, cirque aspects result from several factors and the mean tendency is not downwind, but is displaced from poleward by wind and by minor effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of aminoglycoside and macrolide antibiotics in meat by pressurized liquid extraction and LC‐ESI‐MS
Authors: Berrada Houda , Moltó Juan C. , Mañes Jordi , Font Guillermina 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA simple method for the simultaneous determination of dihydrostreptomycin, spectinomycin, spiramycin, streptomycin, tilmicosin, and tylosin in meat has been developed using pressurized liquid extraction and LC‐triple quadrupole MS (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS). The pressurized liquid extraction operational parameters were optimized and no protein precipitating and fat removing steps were required. A gradient HPLC separation was developed with ion‐pair mobile phases consisting of aqueous 1 mM heptafluorobutyric acid water and methanol. Protonated molecules were used as precursor ions for CID. Data acquisition under MS/MS was achieved by applying multiple reaction monitoring of three fragment ion transitions to provide a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Dirithromycin and sisomycin were selected as internal standards. A validation study was conducted for these antibiotics in poultry meat samples. All selected compounds could be detected (monitoring ions by multiple reaction monitoring) in meat samples at amounts below the regulatory level of concern. Using the internal standards, pressurized liquid extraction recovery rates were from 70 to 96% (RSD 12–25%). LC‐ESI‐MS/MS method detection limits of the selected antibiotics were 1–6 μg/kg. Good method reproducibility was found by intra‐ and inter‐day precisions at maximum residue level, yielding the RSDs less than 15 and 16%, respectively.
Recent advances in application of hydrophilic interaction chromatography for quantitative bioanalysis
Authors: Jian Wenying , Edom Richard W. , Xu Yaodong , Weng Naidong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) provides a complementary separation mode to RPLC and thus has been gaining increased utilization in LC‐MS/MS based quantitative bioanalysis. It has proven to be a powerful tool for separation of polar compounds and has afforded increased selectivity, higher sensitivity, and improved efficiency for quantitation of drug and their metabolites in complex biological matrices. Practical knowledge has been gained for some of the challenges with HILIC applications and effective remedies have been adopted to overcome these challenges. Due to its orthogonality to RPLC, HILIC has been coupled with RP sample preparation or separation techniques, either off‐line or on‐line to achieve better assay selectivity. The low back‐pressure with HILIC enables fast separations under higher flow rates. Small particle columns can be operated under HILIC conditions with regular system back‐pressure, eliminating the requirement for ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatographic systems. Matrix effects under HILIC have also been systematically investigated. Effective approaches to reduce or eliminate matrix effects have included optimizing sample preparation, modifying chromatographic conditions, and/or using valve‐switching techniques. Finally, the utilization of HILIC is not limited to quantitation of polar drugs and their metabolites, but extended to quantitaiton of relatively non‐polar compounds, peptides and biomarkers.
Lactic acid quantitation in hand dishwashing liquid using an HILIC‐UV methodology
Authors: Storton Mark , Exarchakis James , Waters Tracy , Hao Zhigang , Parker Barry , Knapp Michael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDifferent hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) columns were screened for lactic acid separation in hand dishwashing liquid products and the influence of mobile phase strength, buffer concentration and column temperature on the retention of lactic acid on a Zorbax NH2 column was investigated. An isocratic HILIC method for the quantitation of lactic acid in hand dishwashing liquid products was developed. The mobile phase consists of 70% methanol and 30% 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer (v/v) at pH 2.5. The HILIC stationary phase is Zorbax NH2, 250×4.6 with a 5 μm particle size. Detection was carried out using a variable wavelength UV‐VIS detector at 226 nm. The linear range and percent recovery for lactic acid in the products were 44.68–1206.39 μg/mL and 100.3%, respectively. This paper provides an optimized HILIC methodology for the analysis of an acidic polar analyte (lactic acid) on a basic stationary phase. The proposed method can be used for the routine analysis of lactic acid.
Single‐pump bi‐dimensional LC applied to the characterization of derivatized fatty alcohol ethoxylates
Authors: Micó‐Tormos Anna , Simó‐Alfonso Ernesto F. , Ramis‐Ramos Guillermo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA column selection valve and a 6‐port 2‐position injection valve were combined to implement bi‐dimensional LC in a system driven by a single pump. The system was applied to the separation of linear fatty alcohol ethoxylates with 12–18 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon moiety, previous derivatization with diphenic anhydride. Separation on the first separation dimension (C1) was carried out with a propyl‐diol column and an acetonitrile/aqueous ammonium acetate gradient. Fatty alcohol ethoxylate hydrocarbon series (oligomers with the same number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain but differing in the number of ethylene oxide units) were resolved without distinguishing the oligomers within the series. Selected segments of the eluate of C1were transferred to the second column (C2), where the successive oligomers within the isolated series were resolved by using either an octyl‐silica or a pentafluoro‐phenyl‐propyl column and an acetonitrile/water gradient. Flow stopping at C1during system re‐conditioning and elution along the second dimension did not produce any noticeable band broadening. Overlapping of the non‐ethoxylated and mono‐ethoxylated oligomers with other oligomers within the series was avoided by eluting the pentafluoro‐phenyl‐propyl column at low temperatures (3°C).
Determination of multicomponent contents in Calculus bovis by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–evaporative light scattering detection and its application for quality control
Authors: Kong Weijun , Jin Cheng , Xiao Xiaohe , Zhao Yanling , Liu Wei , Li Zulun , Zhang Ping 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA fast ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–evaporative light scattering detection (UPLC‐ELSD) method was established for simultaneous quantification of seven components in natural Calculus bovis (C. bovis) and its substitutes or spurious breeds. On a Waters Acquity UPLC® BEH C18 column, seven analytes were efficiently separated using 0.2% aqueous formic acid–acetonitrile as the mobile phase in a gradient program. The evaporator tube temperature of ELSD was set at 100°C with the nebulizing gas flow‐rate of 1.9 L/min. The results showed that this established UPLC‐ELSD method was validated to be sensitive, precise and accurate with the LODs of seven analytes at 2–11 ng, and the overall intra‐day and inter‐day variations less than 3.0%. The recovery of the method was in the range of 97.8–101.6%, with RSD less than 3.0%. Further results of PCA on the contents of seven investigated analytes suggested that compounds of cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid or cholesterol should be added as chemical markers to UPLC analysis of C. bovis samples for quality control and to discriminate natural C. bovis sample and its substitutes or some spurious breeds, then normalize the use of natural C. bovis and ensure its clinical efficacy.
Hydroxychloroquine for subglottic stenosis: A novel therapy in the battle for air
Authors: Hirshoren Nir , Eliashar Ron , Weinberger Jeffrey M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractUpper airway obstruction due to subglottic edema and granulation tissue proliferation may cause severe morbidity and may be life threatening. Hydroxychloroquine interferes with antigen processing by means of raising lysosomal pH and immune response modulation. Herein, we present the outcome of a steroid‐sparing treatment using hydroxychloroquine in an 80‐year‐old man with acquired subglottic stenosis and steroid dependency. Twice daily oral hydroxychloroquine at 2 mg/kg/day allowed cessation of systemic steroids without recurrence of the stenosis. Successful weaning of the hydroxychloroquine took place over a 5‐month period. Laryngoscope, 2010