bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of a problem‐based learning experience in an occupational therapy curriculum in the UK
Authors: Spalding Nicola Jane , Killett Anne 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe objectives of the study was to evaluate an adapted approach to problem‐based learning (PBL) on a pre‐registration Masters course in Occupational Therapy at the University of East Anglia in the UK. The adaptation, named placement PBL, required students to write and select the material based on their placement experiences, for the cohort's learning. The evaluation purpose was to determine the students' views of the efficacy of placement PBL for facilitating their learning in the final 3 months of their pre‐registration education. Placement PBL was evaluated using both questionnaires and focus groups, with two cohorts of students for data collection. Placement PBL was seen to provide current, relevant and complex learning scenarios that help students to move from a theoretical understanding to application of theory in the complexity of actual service situations. The authors conclude that placement PBL has the potential to prepare students for the transition from student to qualified practitioner. Both researchers were also the PBL tutors which may have affected the students' honesty in their feedback. Further research is indicated for ongoing evaluations of the effectiveness of PBL in helping students to become confident occupational therapy clinicians, and comparative studies with other learning approaches. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medulloblastoma in young children
Authors: Rutkowski Stefan , Cohen Bruce , Finlay Jonathan , Luksch Roberto , Ridola Vita , Valteau‐Couanet Dominique , Hara Junichi , Garre Maria‐Luisa , Grill Jacques 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn early childhood medulloblastoma, three distinct treatment strategies are currently used by different national groups to improve survival rates and to delay or avoid craniospinal radiotherapy: (1) systemic chemotherapy and high‐dose chemotherapy, followed by radiotherapy at relapse; (2) systemic and intraventricular chemotherapy; (3) systemic chemotherapy and local conformal radiotherapy. A role for high‐dose chemotherapy to delay or avoid craniospinal radiotherapy as a part of multimodal treatment strategies, especially in young children with metastatic or postoperative residual disease, has been recognized by different co‐operative groups. Clinical and histological factors such as nodular‐desmoplastic variants are considered as important prognostic factors for risk‐adapted treatment recommendations. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:635–637. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic cell rescue in central nervous system germ cell tumors
Authors: Bouffet Eric 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis review of the experience of high dose chemotherapy in patients with recurrent or refractory intracranial germ cell tumor confirms that sustained tumor control can be achieved with this modality both in germinoma and non‐germinomatous germ cell tumors. Data from cooperative groups in Europe and North America suggest that the success rate is higher among patients with recurrent germinoma. The role of adjuvant radiation in that context remains unclear. These promising results have led some cooperative groups to incorporate in their protocols a high dose chemotherapy component for newly diagnosed patients with high‐risk features or poor response to initial chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:644–646. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adverse drug reactions induced by cardiovascular drugs in cardiovascular care unit patients
Authors: Mohebbi Niayesh , Shalviri Gloria , Salarifar Mojtaba , Salamzadeh Jamshid , Gholami Kheirollah 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurposeTo detect the type, rate, seriousness, and preventability of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) attributable to cardiovascular drugs in cardiovascular care unit; and to determine the relationship between patient factors and detected ADRs.MethodsPatients admitted to cardiovascular care units in Tehran Heart Center over an eight month period who received at least one cardiovascular drug were eligible to enter the study. ADRs were recorded based on information collected by interviewing patients, reviewing patients' charts, laboratory test monitoring, and confirmation by physicians. The World Health Organization definition for ADR, its seriousness and casualty criteria, was used to evaluate the reactions. The preventability was estimated based on Schumock and Thornton questioning. The relationship between possible risk factors and ADRs occurrence were assessed by statistical analysis.ResultsDuring the study period, 677 patients entered the study. A total number of 189 ADRs were registered of which 22.2% were serious. The highest ADR rates were observed with Streptokinase (59.3%). The rate of preventable ADRs was 6.9%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with lower weight (OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.9–0.99) and patients with smoking history who had concurrent diseases (OR = 8.72, 95%CI: 1.53–49.52) had a higher risk of experiencing ADRs.ConclusionThe rate of ADRs induced by cardiovascular drugs in this study was 24.2%. This study has shown that anti‐arrhythmic and thrombolytic agents need more attention. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mechanisms of the homogeneous, unimolecular, elimination kinetics of several β‐substituted diethyl acetals in the gas‐phase
Authors: Mora José R. , Maldonado Alexis , Domínguez Rosa M. , Chuchani Gabriel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe rates of gas‐phase elimination of several β‐substituted diethyl acetals have been determined in a static system and seasoned with allyl bromide. The reactions, inhibited with toluene, are homogeneous, unimolecular, and follow first‐order law kinetics. These elimination processes involve two parallel reactions. The first parallel reaction yields ethanol and the corresponding ethyl vinyl ether. The latter product is an unstable intermediate and further decomposes to ethylene and the corresponding substituted aldehyde. The second parallel reaction gives ethane and the corresponding ethyl ester. The kinetics has been measured over the temperature range of 370–441 °C and pressure range of 23–160 torr. The rate coefficients are given by the following Arrhenius equations:

The differences in the rates of ethanol formation may be attributed to electronic transmission of the β‐substituent. The comparative kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the parallel reactions suggest two different concerted polar four‐membered cyclic transition state types of mechanisms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low levels of exhaled nitric oxide are associated with impaired lung function in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Keen C. , Gustafsson P. , Lindblad A. , Wennergren G. , Olin A‐C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is often reduced in cystic fibrosis (CF). FENO at different expiratory flows can provide an indication of the site of nitric oxide production. The aim of this study was to examine whether NO parameters are related to overall (FEV1) or peripheral (lung clearance index, LCI, measured by multiple breath SF6 washout) airway function and systemic inflammation in CF. Secondary aim was to compare alveolar NO and bronchial NO flux calculated by two different mathematical models, a linear and a nonlinear method. Thirty‐five healthy and 45 CF children were recruited. FENO at 50 ml/sec (FENO50) and bronchial NO flux were lower in CF than controls, 9.5 (2.7–38.8) (median (range)) versus 12.4 (5.2–40.1) ppb, P = 0.029, and 391 (97–1772) versus 578 (123–1993) (pl/sec), P = 0.036, respectively. No difference in alveolar NO was shown. The nonlinear method resulted in lower alveolar NO and higher bronchial flux, than the linear method, but the result was closely correlated in both groups. LCI was higher in CF than controls, 8.4 (6.5–12.9) versus 5.9 (5.1–7.8), P < 0.001. FENO50 was negatively correlated with LCI (r = −0.43; P = 0.003) and positively correlated with FEV1 (r = 0.42, P = 0.004) in CF. Alveolar NO correlated negatively with inflammatory markers: orosomucoid (r = −0.42, P = 0.005), platelets (r = −0.50, P < 0.001) and white blood cell count (r = −0.48, P = 0.001). In conclusion, FENO50 and bronchial NO flux are reduced in young CF subjects and low FENO50 is associated with overall and small airway obstruction. NO parameters derived from the different models were closely related but the values differed slightly. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:241–248. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acid steatocrit determination is not helpful in cystic fibrosis patients without or with mild steatorrhea
Authors: Walkowiak Jarosław , Lisowska Aleksandra , Blask‐Osipa Anna , Drzymała‐Czyż Sławomira , Sobkowiak Paulina , Cichy Wojciech , Bręborowicz Anna , Herzig Karl‐Heinz , Radzikowski Andrzej 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundMost methods used for the assessment of severe steatorrhea in cystic fibrosis (CF) are sensitive. In fact, the tests show their usefulness in a borderline zone of the results. Yet, the existing data related to acid steatocrit (AS) are still contradictory. Therefore, in the present study we have aimed to assess CF patients without or with mild steatorhea (<10 g/day) and evaluate the applicability of AS in such a subset of patients.Patients and MethodsIn fifty‐five CF patients, AS, fecal fat concentration (FFC) and fecal fat excretion (FFE) in 1‐day stool collection were assessed from one to three times (149 samples). In 50 subjects, FFC, FFE, and AS were available for 3 subsequent days. It allowed for the calculations based upon 3‐day fecal fat balance study.ResultsThe correlations between FFE/FFC and AS based upon 1‐day stool collection, although statistically significant, were rather weak (r = 0.208, P < 0.011; r = 0.362, P < 0.000006, respectively). The correlations between FFE/FFC and AS based upon the 3‐day stool collection, although stronger, did not show values a linear relationship (r = 0.394, P < 0.005; r = 0.454, P < 0.001, respectively). With no regard to the cut‐off level for AS (10% and 20%), sensitivity, specificity, negative, and positive predictive values in the determination of abnormal FFC and FFE were not satisfactory. The flow charts describing the accuracy of AS to determine FFE and FC revealed a high level of uncertainty.ConclusionsAS does not reflect in a reliable way FFE in CF patients without or mild steatorrhea. Its applicability in the assessment of FFC in such patients has therefore limited practical value. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:249–254. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung transplantation in children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Lammers Astrid E. , Burch Michael , Benden Christian , Elliott Martin J. , Rees Philip , Haworth Sheila G. , Aurora Paul 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundDespite improved medical therapy, transplantation (Tx) represents the only option for end‐stage pulmonary vascular disease.MethodsClinical data of children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) referred for Tx assessment between January 2002 and June 2007 were related to listing decision and outcome.ResultsSeven of the 14 children assessed for Tx were listed. Five were transplanted (lung Tx, n = 3; heart–lung Tx, n = 2) and two died on the waiting list. Mean age at diagnosis was 3.7 (0.4–9.5) years. Time from diagnosis to listing was 3.6 years (range 1.4–9.3). Children listed were in a worse functional class (WHO 3.5 vs. 2.5; P = 0.0006), had a lower SpO2 on exercise (76.5% vs. 89%; P = 0.0001) and a shorter 6‐min walk distance (154 m vs. 330 m; P < 0.01) than those not listed. Right ventricular function was worse in those listed (P = 0.03), as was pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) on vasodilator testing (34 U m2 vs. 14.6 U m2; P = 0.03). Age at diagnosis and at assessment, weight, height, mean pulmonary artery pressure, baseline PVRI, B‐type natriuretic peptide, spirometry and resting‐SO2 did not differ between the two groups. For the five children transplanted, median waiting time was 81 days. Age at Tx was 5.4 years. After 2.8 years all transplanted children are alive with a good functional outcome. Two patients died on the active waiting list. All children considered too well for listing are still alive and stable on treatment.ConclusionsOutcome after transplantation in children with IPAH has been encouraging. Defining listing criteria for these patients remains a challenge. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:263–269. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How much do primary care givers know about tracheostomy and home ventilator emergency care?
Authors: Kun Sheila S. , Davidson‐Ward Sally L. , Hulse Linda M. , Keens Thomas G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChildren on home mechanical ventilation are a high‐risk population. How much do primary caregivers (PC) know about handling unexpected situations with tracheostomies or malfunction of their ventilators? To answer this, we prospectively studied the knowledge of 152 PC (108 parents and 44 nurses), using a 25‐question survey regarding emergency situations at home. Results: their mean score was 20.2 correct answers (81%). However, 96 PC (63%) did not know that the low pressure ventilator alarm would not sound if the tracheostomy tube decannulated while still connected to the ventilator. Seventy‐nine PC (52%) failed to understand high pressure alarms sound and mucous plugging. Sixty‐six PC (43%) did not know how much power a battery stored after the suction machine was fully charged. Sixty‐one PC (40%) did not know when the low pressure or low minute volume alarm sounds. Fifty‐six PC (37%) relied on the ventilator alarm to determine the presence of mucous plugs. There were no significant differences in the scores of PC who used continuous flow ventilators, nor in English‐speaking PC versus Spanish‐speaking PC. The experience of the PC did not make a difference in their knowledge of HMV emergency care. Having professional training did not pose an advantage in the score for nurses. We conclude that most PC had a good understanding of emergency care. We speculate that more in depth education on the technical aspects of ventilator alarms and tracheal mucous plugging may help to reduce or prevent emergencies of children on HMV. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:270–274. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lessons learned from a randomized trial of airway secretion clearance techniques in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sontag Marci K. , Quittner Alexandra L. , Modi Avani C. , Koenig Joni M. , Giles Don , Oermann Christopher M. , Konstan Michael W. , Castile Robert , Accurso Frank J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRationaleAirway secretion clearance therapies are a cornerstone of cystic fibrosis care, however longitudinal comparative studies are rare. Our objectives were to compare three therapies [postural drainage and percussion: (postural drainage), flutter device (FD), and high frequency chest wall oscillation: (vest)], by studying (1) change in pulmonary function; (2) time to need for intravenous (IV) antibiotics, (3) use of pulmonary therapies, (4) adherence to treatment, (5) treatment satisfaction, and (6) quality of life.MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to one of three therapies twice daily. Clinical outcomes were assessed quarterly over 3 years.ResultsEnrollment goals were not met, and withdrawal rates were high, especially in postural drainage (51%) and FD (26%), compared to vest (9%), resulting in early termination. FEV1 decline, time to need IV antibiotics, and other pulmonary therapies were not different. The annual FEF25–75% predicted rate of decline was greater in those using vest (P = 0.02). Adherence was not significantly different (P = 0.09). Overall treatment satisfaction was higher in vest and FD than in postural drainage (P < 0.05). Health‐related quality of life was not different. The rate of FEV1 decline was 1.23% predicted/year.ConclusionsThe study was ended early due to dropout and smaller than expected decline in FEV1. Patients were more satisfied with vest and FD. The longitudinal decline in FEF25–75% was faster in vest; we found no other difference in lung function decline, taken together this warrants further study. The slow decline in FEV1 illustrates the difficulty with FEV1 decline as a clinical trial outcome. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:291–300. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multi‐Parameter Study of Nanoscale TiO2 and CeO2 Additives in Composite AP/HTPB Solid Propellants
Authors: Stephens Matthew A. , Petersen Eric L. , Carro Rodolphe , Reid David L. , Seal Sudipta 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA statistical Taguchi L8 matrix was used to conduct a multi‐parameter study of the use of nanoscale additives in composite solid propellants. The additives studied were TiO2 (titania) and CeO2 (ceria). The other parameters involved in the experiment were the oxidizer loading and distribution, additive percentage and size, additive size (nano‐scale or μm‐scale), and the mixing method. Four baseline propellants without additives were also produced for comparison. The propellants were tested from 3.45 to 13.78 MPa in a strand bomb, and burning rate curves were determined for all formulas. By analyzing the Taguchi matrix, the sensitivity of each parameter according to the pressure sensitivity and burning rate of the propellant was calculated. The dominant factors depend on whether the additive is needed for modifying the pressure index or the absolute value of the burning rate. In general, the effectiveness of the additives was most influenced by oxidizer percentage, oxidizer size distribution, and additive type. The amount of additive, mixing method, and additive size all had relatively minor impacts on the effectiveness of the additives.
Preparation and Properties of HMX Coated with a Composite of TNT/Energetic Material
Authors: An Chongwei , Wang Jingyu , Xu Wenzheng , Li Fengsheng 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTo improve the safety of HMX without sacrificing energy properties, the composites of TNT and an energetic material (HP‐1) were used to coat HMX particles by a method of integrating solvent–nonsolvent with aqueous suspension‐melting. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and XPS (X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry) were employed to characterize the samples. The effect of the processing parameters, such as mass ratio of HP‐1 to TNT (MRHT), stirring speed, and cooling rate, on the quality of coated samples were investigated and discussed. The mechanical sensitivity, thermal sensitivity, thermal decomposition characteristic, and heat of detonation of raw and coated HMX samples were also measured and contrasted. Results show that when MRHT, stirring speed in the second stage and cooling rate are 1 : 5, 1000 r⋅min−1 and 5 °C⋅min−1 respectively, the optimal coating effect is achieved. Compared with that of raw HMX, both impact and friction sensitivity of HMX coated with 2.5 wt.‐% TNT and 0.5 wt.‐% HP‐1 decrease obviously, whereas there is a slight change in their thermal sensitivity and thermal decomposition characteristics. Meanwhile, such surface coating does not result in the decrease of its energy properties.
Spinosad resistance development in wild olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations in California
Authors: Kakani Evdoxia G , Zygouridis Nikos E , Tsoumani Konstantina T , Seraphides Nicos , Zalom Frank G , Mathiopoulos Kostas D 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Among target pests of the insecticide spinosad is the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae). In Cyprus, spinosad has been sporadically used since its registration in 2002, whereas in Greece its use has been very limited since its registration in 2004, particularly in biological olive cultivars in Crete. By contrast, in California it has been the only insecticide used against the olive fruit fly since its registration in 2004. This study aimed at examining the resistance status of the olive fruit fly to spinosad.RESULTS: Populations from California, Greece and Cyprus, plus a laboratory population, were tested. Bioassays were performed by oral or topical application of different concentrations of the insecticide. Cypriot populations demonstrated no resistance as compared with that of the laboratory population. Among the Greek populations, only one from Crete demonstrated a fourfold increase in resistance, whereas five populations from California demonstrated a 9–13‐fold increase.CONCLUSION: The observed resistance increase was associated with spinosad applications in the respective areas. These values are relatively low and do not yet pose a serious control problem in the field. However, the observed variation documents that spinosad tolerance has increased in areas where the insecticide has been more extensively used. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of plasma power on properties of a‐SiC:H films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering
Authors: Brighet Amer , Mokkadem Kamel , Fedala Abdelkarim , Kechouane Mohamed 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe effect of plasma discharge power on the properties of a‐SiC:H thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering from the use of a liquid source based on hydrocarbon (triméthylphosphine: TMP, (P(CH3)3) are presented. The liquid source based of trimethylphosphine is introduced into the deposit chamber by using hydrogen as carrying gas. The samples were characterized by optical transmission, infrared absorption (FT‐IR) and electrical conductivity measurements. Optical transmission showed that the increase of the plasma discharge power induced a decrease in optical gap energy value accompanied by an increase of refractive index due to a reduction of Si‐H bonds and the carbon film content. Infra‐red absorption measurements clearly evidenced the appearance of additional bands relating to the constituent elements of the TMP (H, C, P). In the same way, a reduction in the phosphorus and carbon contents with the increase of the discharge power is observed. The electrical conductivity measurements have revealed a change of electrical properties of a‐Si:H(P) layers and the doping efficiency with the plasma power. They also clearly evidenced carbon incorporation in a‐Si:H matrix which limits the phosphorus doping effectiveness. The effect of the annealing temperature on the electric photoconductivity of material was also studied. We clearly evidenced that the a‐SiC:H(P) films are photoconductive with an improvement after a thermal annealing in the range of 130–250 °C correlated with an activation of the phosphorus atoms in the a‐Si:H matrix. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Boson peak in low‐frequency Raman spectra of AsxS100‐x glasses: nanocluster contribution
Authors: Holomb Roman , Mitsa Volodimir , Johansson Patrik , Veres Miklos 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe origin of the Boson peak was investigated using Raman spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Low frequency Raman active vibrational modes of different branchy‐, ring‐ and cage‐like AsmSn nanoclusters were calculated and compared to experimentally determined Raman spectra of AsxS100‐x glasses with different compositon. A good correlation was found between the spectral features and the calculated Raman modes. The possible structural nature of the Boson peak in arsenic chalcogenides is proposed and discussed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)