bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a nurse-led management intervention on systolic blood pressure among type 2 diabetes patients in Uganda: a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Lumu William , Bahendeka Silver , Kibirige Davis , Wesonga Ronald , Mutebi Ronald Kasoma 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Hypertension (HT) is an orchestrator of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in people living with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Control of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and HT as a whole is suboptimal in diabetes, partly due to the scarcity of doctors. While nurse-led interventions are pragmatic and cost-effective in the control of HT in primary health care, their effectiveness on SBP control among patients with T2D in Uganda is scantly known.

Aim
We evaluated the effectiveness of a nurse-led management intervention on SBP among T2D patients with a high ASCVD risk in Uganda.

Methods
A two-armed cluster randomized controlled trial compared the nurse-led management intervention with usual doctor-led care. The intervention involved training nurses to provide structured health education, protocol-based HT/CVD management, 24-h phone calls, and 2-monthly text messages for 6 months. The primary outcome was the mean difference in SBP change among patients with T2D with a high ASCVD risk in the intervention and control groups after 6 months. The secondary outcome was the absolute difference in the number of patients at target for SBP, total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and body mass index (BMI) after the intervention. The study was analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess intra-cluster effect modifiers. Statistical significance was set at 0.05 for all analyses.

Results
Eight clinics (n = 388 patients) were included (intervention 4 clinics; n = 192; control 4 clinics; n = 196). A nurse-led intervention reduced SBP by -11.21 ± 16.02 mmHg with a mean difference between the groups of -13.75 mmHg (95% CI -16.48 to -11.02, p < 0.001). An increase in SBP of 2.54 ± 10.95 mmHg was observed in the control group. Diastolic blood pressure was reduced by -6.80 ± 9.48 mmHg with a mean difference between groups of -7.20 mmHg (95% C1 -8.87 to -5.48, p < 0.001). The mean differences in the change in ASCVD score and glycated hemoglobin were -4.73% (95% CI -5.95 to -3.51, p = 0.006) and -0.82% (95% CI -1.30 to -0.35, p = 0.001), respectively. There were significant absolute differences in the number of patients at target in SBP (p = 0.001), DBP (p = 0.003), and TC (p = 0.008).

Conclusion
A nurse-led management intervention reduces SBP and ASCVD risk among patients with T2D. Such an intervention may be pragmatic in the screening and management of HT/ASCVD in Uganda.

Trial registration
Pan African Clinical Trial Registry, PACTR202001916873358, registered on 6th October 2019.
Managing crash risks through supply chain transparency: evidence from China
Authors: Zhong Qiming , Song Qinghua , Lee Chien-Chiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing data on Chinese non-financial listed firms covering 2009 to 2022, we explore the effect of supply chain transparency on stock price crash risk. Two proxies for supply chain transparency are constructed using the number of supply chain partners’ names and the proportion of their transactions disclosed in annual reports. The results reveal that enhancing supply chain transparency can decrease crash risk, specifically by mitigating tax avoidance and earnings management. Moreover, the analysis suggests that this risk-reduction effect is more prominent in companies where managers are more incentivized to hide negative information and investors possess superior abilities to acquire information. Interestingly, supplier transparency is more influential in mitigating crash risk than customer transparency. These findings emphasize the significance of supply chain transparency in managing financial risk.
Boosting wisdom of the crowd for medical image annotation using training performance and task features
Authors: Hasan Eeshan , Duhaime Erik , Trueblood Jennifer S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA crucial bottleneck in medical artificial intelligence (AI) is high-quality labeled medical datasets. In this paper, we test a large variety of wisdom of the crowd algorithms to label medical images that were initially classified by individuals recruited through an app-based platform. Individuals classified skin lesions from the International Skin Lesion Challenge 2018 into 7 different categories. There was a large dispersion in the geographical location, experience, training, and performance of the recruited individuals. We tested several wisdom of the crowd algorithms of varying complexity from a simple unweighted average to more complex Bayesian models that account for individual patterns of errors. Using a switchboard analysis, we observe that the best-performing algorithms rely on selecting top performers, weighting decisions by training accuracy, and take into account the task environment. These algorithms far exceed expert performance. We conclude by discussing the implications of these approaches for the development of medical AI.
Ethnic representation within virtual reality: a co-design study in a forensic youth care setting
Authors: Klein Schaarsberg Renée E. , van Dam Levi , Widdershoven Guy A. M. , Lindauer Ramón J. L. , Popma Arne 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Virtual reality (VR) is one of the most cutting-edge digital technologies currently used to extend and adapt mental health interventions. When designing therapeutic VR-applications, bias related to representational and behavioral features can be introduced. Specific bias, that could result from ethnic stereotyping, should be averted. However, structured debates and clear guidelines on how to deal with such bias are lacking.

Objective
In the current paper we describe our iterative, co-design process to develop an augmented version of a 360-degree VR-video that is used in the Street Temptations intervention. In this intervention, aimed at adolescents with disruptive behavior problems, the VR-video provides adolescents with an emotionally engaging situation and forms the basis of Street Temptations’ perspective-taking exercises. By presenting a detailed example of our VR developmental process, specifically focusing on ethnic representation in this virtual environment and related ethical aspects, we aim to positively contribute to the creation of ethically sound therapeutic VR-applications.

Method
We adopted an experience-based co-design approach. The process started by assembling professionals’ experiences with the original VR-video. Following, we conducted four co-design groups with adolescents, young adults, and professionals within the forensic youth care system, as experiential experts, to collaboratively develop an enhanced VR-scenario for the Street Temptations intervention. In total, ten adolescents, four young adults and four professionals participated. The co-design groups were alternated with sessions with a screenwriter, to reflect on the results of the co-design groups. In this way, we enabled continuous feedback on and design of the ameliorated scenario and let development and data collection reinforce each other.

Results
The most important adjustments that were brought forward included explicit incorporation of diversity, establishing a clear storyline for the scenario, keeping the content close to reality, casting actors in a way to avoid obvious stigmatization, and using only names for the characters that are commonly used across different cultural and ethnic backgrounds.

Discussion
By presenting our developmental process, we give a detailed example of how to reflectively develop ethically sound therapeutic VR-content within a forensic youth care setting. We demonstrated that including stakeholders can help in preventing socially irresponsible and conceivably hurtful stereotypes. By describing the process in detail, we hope to contribute to the responsible use of technology within mental health care.
Development and evaluation of a personalised sleep care plan on child and adolescent in-patient mental health wards
Authors: Anderson Kirstie N. , Bowles Rod , Fyfe Christine , Weddle Ron , Keown Patrick 
Published: May 2024

Aims and method
The study evaluated a package of measures to improve sleep on psychiatric wards admitting patients from children and young people's services (CYPS). Sleep disturbance has significant impact on adolescent mental health, and in-patient wards can directly cause sleep disturbance, independent of the problem that led to admission. We developed a CYPS-specific package (TeenSleepWell) that promoted a better sleep environment, enhanced staff education about sleep, screened for sleep disorders, and raised awareness of benefits and side-effects of hypnotics. This included personalised sleep care plans that allowed a protected 8 h sleep period when safe.

Results
Evaluation over 2 years showed enhanced in-patient care: 57% of patients were able to have a protected sleep period. There was no increase in adverse events and there was a decrease in hypnotics issued.

Clinical implications
Improving sleep during in-patient CYPS admissions is possible and personalised sleep care plan should be a care standard.
Characteristics of forensic psychiatric patients with a neurocognitive disorder
Authors: Meijers Jesse , Kuin Niki C. , Scherder Erik J. A. , Harte Joke M. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundEmotional and behavioural disturbances accompanying neurocognitive disorders may sometimes lead to a criminal offence. Our knowledge of this specific forensic subpopulation is lagging behind the knowledge on, and attention for, ‘classic’ psychiatric disorders in forensic populations.AimsTo gain knowledge on the prevalence and characteristics of individuals with neurocognitive disorders in the forensic population.MethodThis retrospective database study uses an anonymised data-set of the National Database of penitentiary psychiatric centres (PPC) (N = 8391), which collects data on all patients admitted to one of the four PPCs (mental health clinics within the prison system) in The Netherlands since May 2013. Inclusion criterion for this study was the presence of a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) diagnostic code belonging to the category of neurocognitive disorders.ResultsA DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 diagnostic code of a neurocognitive disorder was classified in 254 out of 8391 unique individuals, resulting in a prevalence of 3.0% in the total PPC population. The most prevalent diagnosis was unspecified neurocognitive disorder (59.1%). The neurocognitive disorder group significantly differed from a random control group from the database (n = 762) on demographic, clinical and criminological variables.ConclusionsThe prevalence of neurocognitive disorders in this real-world clinical sample is remarkably lower than in two earlier studies in similar populations. Also remarkable is the relatively high prevalence of an unspecified neurocognitive disorder. These findings lead us to hypothesise that neurocognitive disorders may be underdiagnosed in this population. Forensic psychiatric settings should evaluate whether they have sufficient expertise available in neuropsychological assessment.
Spatiotemporal Changes in the Slavery–Inequality Relationship: The Diffusion of the Legacy of Slavery
Authors: O'Connell Heather A. , Curtis Katherine J. , Mikulas Alex , DeWaard Jack , Lee Junho 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Despite the persistence of relationships between historical racist violence and contemporary Black–White inequality, research indicates, in broad strokes, that the slavery–inequality relationship in the United States has changed over time. Identifying the timing of such change across states can offer insights into the underlying processes that generate Black–White inequality. In this study, we use integrated nested Laplace approximation models to simultaneously account for spatial and temporal features of panel data for Southern counties during the period spanning 1900 to 2018, in combination with data on the concentration of enslaved people from the 1860 census. Results provide the first evidence on the timing of changes in the slavery–economic inequality relationship and how changes differ across states. We find a region-wide decline in the magnitude of the slavery–inequality relationship by 1930, with declines traversing the South in a northeasterly-to-southwesterly pattern over the study period. Different paces in declines in the relationship across states suggest the expansion of institutionalized racism first in places with the longest-standing overt systems of slavery. Results provide guidance for further identifying intervening mechanisms—most centrally, the maturity of racial hierarchies and the associated diffusion of racial oppression across institutions, and how they affect the legacy of slavery in the United States.
Conserved physical mechanisms of cell and tissue elongation
Authors: Boutillon Arthur , Banavar Samhita P. , Campàs Otger 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Living organisms have the ability to self-shape into complex structures appropriate for their function. The genetic and molecular mechanisms that enable cells to do this have been extensively studied in several model and non-model organisms. In contrast, the physical mechanisms that shape cells and tissues have only recently started to emerge, in part thanks to new quantitative in vivo measurements of the physical quantities guiding morphogenesis. These data, combined with indirect inferences of physical characteristics, are starting to reveal similarities in the physical mechanisms underlying morphogenesis across different organisms. Here, we review how physics contributes to shape cells and tissues in a simple, yet ubiquitous, morphogenetic transformation: elongation. Drawing from observed similarities across species, we propose the existence of conserved physical mechanisms of morphogenesis.
Toxicity of the model protein 3×GFP arises from degradation overload, not from aggregate formation
Authors: Namba Shotaro , Moriya Hisao 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Although protein aggregation can cause cytotoxicity, such aggregates can also form to mitigate cytotoxicity from misfolded proteins, although the nature of these contrasting aggregates remains unclear. We previously found that overproduction (op) of a three green fluorescent protein-linked protein (3×GFP) induces giant aggregates and is detrimental to growth. Here, we investigated the mechanism of growth inhibition by 3×GFP-op using non-aggregative 3×MOX-op as a control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The 3×GFP aggregates were induced by misfolding, and 3×GFP-op had higher cytotoxicity than 3×MOX-op because it perturbed the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Static aggregates formed by 3×GFP-op dynamically trapped Hsp70 family proteins (Ssa1 and Ssa2 in yeast), causing the heat-shock response. Systematic analysis of mutants deficient in the protein quality control suggested that 3×GFP-op did not cause a critical Hsp70 depletion and aggregation functioned in the direction of mitigating toxicity. Artificial trapping of essential cell cycle regulators into 3×GFP aggregates caused abnormalities in the cell cycle. In conclusion, the formation of the giant 3×GFP aggregates itself is not cytotoxic, as it does not entrap and deplete essential proteins. Rather, it is productive, inducing the heat-shock response while preventing an overload to the degradation system.
Characterizing the Exponential Profile of W′ Recovery Following Partial Depletion
Authors: LIEVENS MAARTEN , GHIJS MICHAEL , BOURGOIS JAN G. , VERMEIRE KOBE M. , BOURGOIS GIL , COLOSIO ALESSANDRO L. , BOONE JAN , CAEN KEVIN 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The aim of this study was to characterize W′ recovery kinetics in response to a partial W′ depletion. We hypothesized that W′ recovery following a partial depletion would be better described by a biexponential than by a monoexponential model.

Methods
Nine healthy men performed a ramp incremental exercise test, three to five constant load trials to determine critical power and W′, and 10 experimental trials to quantify W′ depletion. Each experimental trial consisted of two constant load work bouts (WB1 and WB2) interspersed by a recovery interval. WB1 was designed to evoke a 25% or 75% W′ depletion (DEP25% and DEP75%). Subsequently, participants recovered for 30, 60, 120, 300, or 600 s and then performed WB2 to exhaustion to calculate the observed W′ recovery (W′OBS). W′OBS data were fitted using monoexponential and biexponential models, both with a variable and with a fixed model amplitude. Root mean square error and Akaike information criterion (AICc) were calculated to evaluate the models’ goodness-of-fit.

Results
The biexponential model fits were associated with overall lower root mean square error values (0.4% to 5.0%) when compared with the monoexponential models (2.9% to 8.0%). However, ΔAICc resulted in negative values (−15.5 and −23.3) for the model fits where the amplitude was kept free, thereby favoring the use of a monoexponential model for both depletion conditions. For the model fits where the amplitude was fixed at 100%, ΔAICc was negative for DEP25% (−15.0) but positive for DEP75% (11.2). W′OBS values were strongly correlated between both depletion conditions (r = 0.92) and positively associated with V̇O2peak, critical power, and gas exchange threshold (r = 0.67 to 0.77).

Conclusions
The present study results did not provide evidence in favor of a biexponential modeling technique to characterize W′ recovery following a partial depletion. Moreover, we demonstrated that fixed time constants were insufficient to model W′ recovery across different depletion levels, and that W′ recovery was positively associated with aerobic fitness. These findings underline the importance of employing variable and individualized time constants in future predictive W′ models.
Benefits of Individualized Training in Fatigued Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: ROYER NICOLAS , MIRA JOSÉ , LEPETIT NOA , FAYOLLE EVOLÈNE , CAMDESSANCHÉ JEAN-PHILIPPE , MILLET GUILLAUME Y. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Chronic fatigue is the most common and debilitating symptom in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Recently, exercise has been proven to alleviate chronic fatigue and improve physical functions. Tailoring the training intervention to the potential fatigue causes could optimize the beneficial effects of training on fatigue. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an individualized (IND) versus a traditional (TRAD) exercise intervention in reducing chronic fatigue.

Methods
Twenty-nine PwMS with high chronic fatigue were randomly assigned to 12 wk of either a TRAD or IND exercise intervention. TRAD comprised aerobic and resistance exercises according to the guidelines for PwMS. IND specifically addressed identified individual weaknesses. Participants visited the laboratory before and after training for the following assessments: patient-reported outcomes (fatigue, quality of life, depression questionnaires), incremental cycling test (peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak)), and cycling fatigue test (maximal voluntary contraction, rating of perceived exertion).

Results
Similar improvements in fatigue, depression, and quality of life were observed between groups (P > 0.05). Compared with TRAD, IND induced a significant greater increase in V̇O2peak (+21.0% ± 13.9% vs 6.8% ± 11.5%, P < 0.05) and a greater reduction in rating of perceived exertion at a given submaximal intensity (−30.3% ± 18.9% vs −12.1% ± 20.4%, P < 0.001), whereas maximal voluntary contraction increased similarly in both groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Although tailored exercise improved similarly fatigue and other subjective parameters (depression, quality of life, sleep quality) compared with than traditional exercise intervention, prescribing an individualized intervention led to greater improvement in V̇O2peak (but not maximal strength) and perception of effort. This may have positive functional consequences for patients.
Chronic Use of Antihypertensive Medications and Peak Exercise Blood Pressure in Adult Men and Women from the BALL ST Cohort
Authors: IDZIK EMILY , IMBODEN MARY T. , PETERMAN JAMES E. , WHALEY MITCHELL H. , KAMINSKY LEONARD A. , FLEENOR BRADLEY S. , HARBER MATTHEW P. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
An excessive rise in systolic blood pressure (SBP) during exercise has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertensive individuals have been shown to have an exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response to exercise. However, research is limited on the impact of chronic antihypertensive medication use on the exercise BP response.

Purpose
To determine if individuals chronically (>1 yr) prescribed antihypertensive medications have a normal BP response to peak exercise compared with unmedicated individuals.

Methods
Participants included 2555 adults from the Ball State Adult Fitness Longitudinal Lifestyle STudy cohort who performed a peak treadmill exercise test. Participants were divided into groups by sex and antihypertensive medication status. Individuals prescribed antihypertensive medications for >1 yr were included. Exaggerated and blunted SBP within each group was categorized using the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise: A National Database (FRIEND) and absolute criteria as noted by the American Heart Association.

Results
The unmedicated group had a greater prevalence (P < 0.05) of blunted SBP responses, whereas the medicated group had a higher prevalence (P < 0.05) of exaggerated SBP responses using both the FRIEND and absolute criteria. Peak SBP was higher (P < 0.01) in medicated compared with unmedicated participants in the overall cohort when controlling for age and sex, but not after controlling for resting SBP (P = 0.613), risk factors (P = 0.104), or cardiorespiratory fitness (P = 0.191). When men and women were assessed independently, peak SBP remained higher in the medicated women after controlling for age and resting SBP (P = 0.039), but not for men (P = 0.311). Individuals on beta-blockers had a higher peak SBP even after controlling for age, sex, risk factors, and cardiorespiratory fitness (P = 0.022).

Conclusions
Individuals on antihypertensive medications have a higher peak SBP response to exercise. Given the prognostic value of exaggerated peak SBP, control of exercise BP should be considered in routine BP assessment and in the treatment of hypertension.