bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hernia of Umbilical Cord
Authors: Tiwari Pooja , Shukla Ram Mohan , Joleya Maneesh Kumar , Jain Sarvagya , Ladda Ashok Kumar , Sharma Shashi Shankar , Raj Vinod , Lahoti Brijesh Kumar , Joshi Manoj 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Hernia of the umbilical cord (HUC) is an uncommon problem which is often misdiagnosed, leading to inadequate treatment and various complications which cause increased morbidity and mortality in neonates. To address this issue, we took up this study.

Materials and Methods:
Patients diagnosed with HUC from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021, were retrospectively analyzed. The following data of all these patients were collected and retrospectively analyzed: demography, radiological investigations, echocardiography, contents of hernia, type of surgery performed, and outcome.

Results:
Eighteen out of 19 patients included in the study were taken up for surgery after baseline investigations and echocardiography. Out of 19 patients, 15 were discharged successfully and are on regular follow-up. Of the remaining four patients, an anastomotic leak occurred in two and they went into sepsis and succumbed. One of the patients died before any intervention and one succumbed on 3rd postoperative day due to sepsis.

Conclusion:
Timely referral and intervention can save precious lives. We need to educate doctors and health-care providers so that proper diagnosis and timely management can be done for this anomaly which is associated with less morbidity and a lower rate of associated anomalies.
Epidemiological Survey to Identify Depressive Symptoms in School-going Rural Adolescents of Chandigarh, India
Authors: Goel Naveen Krishan , Singh Gurvinder Pal , Thakare Meenal Madhukar , Walia Dinesh Kumar , Sharma Deepak 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The prevalence of mental health problems in the adolescent population is higher than in the general population.

Aims and Objectives:
To assess the mental health and to identify depressive symptoms in the adolescent population in the schools in northern India and to study the association of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables with depressive symptoms and screening instrument scores.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 350 adolescents studying in the 5th standard to 12th standard in two schools in village Palsora, Chandigarh, India. The socioeconomic status was assessed using Modified Kuppuswamy Classification. Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMQ) was used to measure mental health and screen for depressive symptoms among rural adolescents. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables, mental health, and depressive symptoms among adolescents were evaluated. The participants were interviewed by trained mental health professionals.

Results:
62% of the study participants had a high SMQ score on the assessment instrument which measured depressive feelings felt in the last 2 weeks. Female adolescents had significantly higher SMQ scores than male adolescents. The younger adolescents in the age group 10–14 years and overcrowding in the family were associated with significantly high SMQ scores.

Conclusions:
The survey concluded that there was a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescents studying in rural schools in northern India. 62% of the study participants had a high SMQ score and were at risk for depression and predicted future depression in adolescents. The female and younger adolescents had significantly higher SMQ scores than male and older adolescents.
Psychosocial Intervention for Harm Reduction of Alcohol Use among School-going Adolescents from North India
Authors: Singh Gurvinder Pal , Gehlot Suman , Kaur Manpreet 
Published: May 2024

Aims and Objectives:
It was to evaluate the usefulness of psychosocial intervention in promoting knowledge and awareness about the harmful effects of alcohol use in a sample of adolescents.

Materials and Methods:
The research design was a prospective, interventional nonrandomized control group design with two groups, one experimental group (interventional) and another control group. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional ethical committee. Samples were selected using the nonprobability convenience sampling technique in two schools district of Patiala, Punjab. The assessment instruments were as follows: (a) semi-structured sociodemographic pro forma, (b) alcohol use pro forma, (c) semi-structured interventional knowledge questionnaire, and (d) psychosocial intervention package. A psychosocial intervention package for the prevention of alcohol use among adolescents was provided to the experimental group.

Results:
The target intervention population consisted of adolescents in the age group (14–18) years. Nearly half of the subjects (47.5%) in the experimental and more than half of the subjects (57.5%) in the control group had a trend of alcohol use during family functions and social gatherings. The study’s results revealed that in the preintervention baseline assessment, the adolescents had an average level of knowledge regarding the ill effects of alcohol use, and the mean score (±standard deviation [SD]) was 12.43 ± 2.645. After postintervention, an average level of knowledge was found to be improved regarding the ill effect of alcohol use, and the mean (±SD) knowledge level score was 19.60 ± 2.599.

Discussion:
The findings of this study showed that after psychosocial intervention among the experimental group, the knowledge level for minimizing alcohol consumption increased significantly. The participants reported abstinence from alcohol consumption in the experimental group after intervention.

Conclusions:
The salient findings from this study can be utilized to develop and implement effective psychosocial prevention strategies to tackle alcohol use in various parts of India. Further research is warranted to replicate the findings of the present study.
Development and Validation of a Treatment Compliance Assessment Scale for Clients with Mental Illnesses
Authors: Mann Sucheta , Joseph Jaison , Malik Yogender Kumar , Devi Rajeshwari 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Treatment compliance improves mental health and facilitates the resolution of the underlying illness. An accurate assessment of treatment compliance is necessary for effective and efficient treatment planning and for ensuring that changes in health outcomes can be attributed to the recommended regimen.

Aim:
This study aimed to develop a treatment compliance assessment scale for clients with mental illnesses and to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Methodology:
The initial questionnaire was developed through the Delphi expert consultation, pilot study, and semistructured interview. The instrument was applied to 130 clients attending the outpatient services of a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Results:
A seven-item clinician-rated questionnaire was formed in which exploratory factor analyses yielded two factors, including medication compliance and attitude toward current treatment. The instrument was found to have a good internal consistency (Chronbach’s alpha was 0.932), split-half reliability (Guttman’s split-half coefficient − 0.838), and test–retest reliability (0.882). The concurrent validity of demonstrated a significant correlation with the 12-item Medication Adherence Rating Scale at P ≤ 0.01.

Conclusion:
The clinician-rated treatment compliance assessment scale was found to be a valid instrument for assessing treatment compliance among patients with mental illnesses with adequate psychometric properties.
Comprehensive Mental Health Facets and their Correlates Amid “The New Normal” Pandemic
Authors: Singh Shweta , Gupta Pawan Kumar , Tripathi Rakesh Kumar , Datta Manjistha , Pandey Nisha Mani , Batra Saakshi , Mahour Pooja , Arya Amit , Tripathi Adarsh , Gupta Bandna , Agarwal Manu , Nischal Anil , Agarwal Vivek , Dalal P. K. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The present study aimed to compare the comprehensive mental health facets of adolescents with the adults.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional design with 1,027 participants (456 adolescents; 347 young and 224 middle age adults). The Comprehensive Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 self-rated Level 1 cross-cutting symptom measure, perceived stress scale, and brief COPE were used. Chi-square test of independence and spearman rank correlational analysis was performed.

Results:
33.77% of adolescents, 25.65% of young adults, and 17.41% of middle-aged adults reported that their symptoms started during the pandemic. Adolescents reported higher depression, anxiety, suicidal ideations, anger, and somatic complaints. Significantly higher adolescent females (39.9%) were found to have sleep disturbances than their male counterparts (25.5%). The correlational analysis showed that most mental health domains, except substance use, showed moderate-to-low correlations with the “impact of COVID-19.”

Conclusion:
This study observed that adolescents to be more clinically vulnerable in the domains of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideations, anger, and somatic complaints. Middle-aged adults should further be seen as a clinically vulnerable population for substance use during the new normal. This research indicates the need for further extensive research on assessment and management. Also, it provides a comprehensive analysis for clinical decision-making and policy development to combat the mental health problems in the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Perceived Stress and Coping Skills in the Newly Joined Medical Undergraduate Students
Authors: Sahoo Swapnajeet , Mishra Pravash Ranjan , Mishra Shree , Kar Manisha , Padhy Susanta Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
To assess the perceived stress and to evaluate the sources of stress, the prevalence of psychological morbidity (if any) and different coping strategies among the newly joined 1st-semester medical undergraduate students.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted on all the newly joined 1st-year medical students (who had entered 3 months back) at a tertiary care medical college and teaching hospital in Eastern India. Perceived stress and depressive symptoms were assessed on the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). A self-designed questionnaire was used to evaluate different premedical entry-level preparation issues and ongoing psychosocial and academic-related stressors. Coping was evaluated on the Ways of Coping Checklist.

Results:
Ninety-five first-semester medical undergraduate students (mean age − 18.34 ± 0.95 years) who had joined the Institute 3 months back participated in the study. The mean PSS score was 21.56 ± 3.97 and about 85.3% and 11.6% of the students reported moderate and high degrees of stress. Depressive symptoms were reported by 36.8% (PHQ-9 cut-off ≥10). During medical preparation (as rated on a Likert scale of 0–10), the mean rated stress level was 6.84 ± 2.05. Almost half of the students reported facing problems adjusting to the new place and environment (48.4%), facing language problems (11.6%), and unfavorable hostel facilities (10.5%). Under academic stressors – more than half of the students perceived the vastness of academic curriculum as a major stressor as “often” (53.7%) followed by fear of failure in exams (35.8%). Students followed both negative coping strategies (such as escape avoidance coping, distancing, and confrontive coping) and positive coping strategies (self-controlling, seeking social support, planful problem-solving, and positive appraisal). Significant association of depressive symptom score was found with self-controlling (P - 0.012) and seeking social support (P = 0.015) type of coping.

Conclusion:
A substantial proportion of undergraduate medical students have moderate to high stress at the entry level (just within the months of joining medical curriculum) and about one-third (36.8%) had depressive symptoms. Most of the students reported of using escape–avoidant type of coping while dealing with the ongoing stressors. More focus on improving resilience and positive adaptive coping skills in the initial formative years of medical education to prevent psychological morbidities and burnout in future years of medical education.
Gender-Based Shame-Focused Attitude of General Public toward Mental Illness
Authors: Kumar Ravi Shankar , Pathak Abhijit 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The present study aimed to examine the attitude of the general public toward the mental illness in Jharkhand.

Material and Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study with a sample size of 240 consisting of a male (163) and female (77) of the general population was done. The study was conducted in the urban and rural areas of Hazaribagh district based on a simple random sample technique. To collect data, Attitude Toward Mental Health Problem (ATMHP) was used. The sociodemographic profile has been calculated with descriptive statistics, and Mann–Whitney U-test has been used to find the significant differences in attitude score.

Results:
Males and females are both having positive attitude attitudes toward mental illness. Females are having a more positive attitude than males since the mean score is lower in all the four domains of ATMHP (9.39 ± 7.03 > 7.51 ± 5.87, 13.36 ± 9.87 > 9.67 ± 9.30, 5.52 ± 4.97 > 4.35 ± 4.59, 7.82 ± 6.34 > 5.53 ± 4.83, 6.41 ± 4.96 > 4.57 ± 4.46). However, a significant difference has not been found in two domains of ATMHP at 0.05 significant statistical levels. After controlling the co-variates through multinomial logistic regression, males showed 3.7 times odds of developing shame than female toward family member and statistically significant differences were found at less than P value 0.05 levels.

Conclusions:
People have started to comprehend and empathize with the patient and the family of the mentally ill, and they do not feel shame in admitting, seeking help, and reaching family to help.
Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Indian Youth during the COVID-19 Lockdown - A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Vaidya Ruchi , Kaza Santhosh Kumar , Gupta Pallavi , Weine Stevan M. , Nooyi Shalini Chandrashekar , Chaudhury Nayanjeet 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
The psychological effects of the unprecedented global emergency due to COVID-19 are a significant concern worldwide. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among Indian youth during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted online across India during the COVID-19 lockdown. A total of 1641 Indian youth between the ages of 15–24 years across 23 states and 3 union territories were analyzed for their mental health status. Depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) levels of the Indian youth were measured using DAS scale 21. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB Reference number: DRP/EFP 530/2020: 08/06/2020).

Results:
Moderate to higher levels of depression and anxiety were observed among 45% and 49% of Indian youth, respectively, during the COVID-19 lockdown. DAS was significantly higher among youth preparing for competitive examinations, those who had an acquaintance infected with COVID-19 and those who perceived COVID-19 as a risky infection (P < 0.01). School-going students showed significantly lower levels of depression and stress compared to college-going students (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
The high levels of DAS during the COVID-19 pandemic indicate a significant mental health burden among Indian youth. These findings indicate the need for a multisectoral approach to cope with stresses and to improve psychological well-being among youth during the pandemic.
Attitude and Knowledge of Physiotherapy Students toward Mental Health and Patients with Psychiatric Illnesses
Authors: Rathi Manisha Ashish , Joshi Ganesh , Naik Rujuta , Naikwad Samruddhi , Nair Veena , Metkari Sana , Mehta Karan 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Stigma and violations of human rights directed toward people with psychiatric disorders hinder their care and rehabilitation. The role of physiotherapists in mental illness is to facilitate motivation, emphasize strengths, and offer positive feedback through cognitive therapy, guided imagery, body and movement awareness, relaxation and breathing techniques, yoga therapy, and aerobic exercises. It is important to understand the beliefs, knowledge, and attitude of physiotherapists toward psychiatric illness which in turn helps in better rehabilitation of such patients. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess the attitude and knowledge of physiotherapy students toward mental health and patients with psychiatric illnesses and also to identify the barrier faced by them.

Methods:
Overall 191 physiotherapy students participated in this observational study, where students were assessed for their attitude toward patients having psychiatric disorders and knowledge regarding the same. The attitude was assessed using the Mental Illness Clinicians’ Attitude version 4 whereas knowledge was assessed using a prevalidated questionnaire. Both self-reported questionnaires were filled online by physiotherapy students. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 20. The correlation between attitude and knowledge was done using Spearman’s coefficient of rank correlation.

Results:
The majority of students had a moderately positive attitude with little room for improvement (57.07%) followed by 40.31% having a negative attitude. Good knowledge was found in 59.69% of students followed by 22.51% of students having moderate and 14.14% excellent knowledge. It was observed a negative significant correlation between attitude and knowledge (r = −0.369, P < 0.001). Gender, year of study, and age have a considerable impact on one’s knowledge and attitude.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that knowledge and attitude are negatively correlated indicating the need to change the attitude of physiotherapy students and to make them understand their role in the rehabilitation of patients with psychiatric disorders.
Role of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio in the management of children with snake bite envenomation: A single-center prospective observational study
Authors: Vijayaragavan Kutty , Balasubramanian Jeyaraman , Venkataramanan Raghavendran , Manigandan Velusamy 
Published: May 2024

Background:Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has recently gained popularity as a simple, inexpensive, and highly accurate inflammatory marker. When the differential count of leukocytes is checked following it is characterized by leukocytosis with an increase in neutrophil count and a decline in lymphocyte counts. This study was conducted to assess whether alteration in the differential count of leukocytes following envenomation has the ability to diagnose and predict the severity and prognosis in children and to derive a cutoff value for the same.Subjects and Methods:This prospective observational study was done in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital from July 2019 to June 2020. From the complete blood count of patients done at admission, NLR1 was calculated. All patients were treated as per the national snake bite treatment protocol. The amount of antisnake venom (ASV) given, duration of hospital stay, and ICU stay were correlated with NLR1 values.Results:An NLR value of 3.35 can predict envenomation with 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Similarly, an NLR value of 6.72 can predict the need for more than 10 ASV vials with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 97%, and an NLR value of 6.72 can predict the occurrence of major complications with a sensitivity of 89.3% and specificity of 94%.Conclusions:NLR can differentiate poisonous snake bites from nonpoisonous bites and can also predict the severity of the envenomation.
Role of electrocardiometry in hemodynamic assessment of children with shock in multisystem inflammatory syndrome following COVID-19: A single-center prospective observational study
Authors: Lalitha A. V. , Moharana Suman Sudha , Ghosh Santu 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The hemodynamic profile in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has not been well described. Therefore, we conducted the study utilizing electrocardiometry (EC) to assess the hemodynamic characteristics in MIS-C patients presenting with shock.

Subjects

and
Methods: This pilot prospective observational study was conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. Children between 2 months and 18 years meeting the WHO criteria for MIS-C presenting with shock during second COVID-19 pandemic were included in the study. All patients underwent measurement of hemodynamic profile with EC for the initial 48 h of enrollment. Based on EC assessment at enrolment, the systemic vascular resistance index (SVRi) of 1000–1600 dyn s/cm5/m2 was regarded as normal. The hemodynamic categorization was defined as vasodilatory shock in EC (VDEC) (SVRi <1000 dyn s/[cm5/m2]) and vasoconstrictive shock in EC (VCEC) (SVRi > 1600 dyn s/[cm5/m2]).

Results:
Thirty-one children met the WHO case definition of MIS-C during the study period. Sixteen children with shock were enrolled and studied. Clinically, 7 (43.75%) children had cold shock, whereas 9 (56.25%) had warm shock. The measured baseline (mean [standard deviation]) hemodynamic variables were cardiac index (CI) of 6 ± 1.41 L/min/m2, stroke volume variation of 23% ±9.6%, SVRi of 954.75 ± 263.35 dyn s/(cm5/m2), and thoracic fluid content of 51.18 ± 17.26 ml. VDEC was the predominant manifestation (87.5%) based on EC.

Conclusions:
Vasodilatory shock was the predominant phenotype observed in critically ill children with MIS-C with shock by EC assessment.
Scope of Twitter application in facilitating the delivery of medical education: A systematic review
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The process of delivery of medical education has always been a complex one, considering the amount of knowledge, skills, and other essential attributes that need to be developed during the training period. The purpose of the current review was to explore the role of Twitter in medical education and the areas in which it can help to augment the learning process. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, and a total of 39 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. The review of literature was done by a single investigator and thus there were no duplicate articles. Keywords used in the search include social media, Twitter, and medical education in the title alone only. Twitter plays a crucial role in ensuring the active engagement of students by promoting academic conversations. To conclude, Twitter provides a platform for rapid and easy sharing of information on a global scale and thus encourages collaborative learning. Amid the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and in order to satisfy the learning needs of medical students and practicing physicians, Twitter is an innovative option. The need of the hour is to encourage and explore the utility of Twitter in different settings and use the same as an added tool for the attainment of learning outcomes.