bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue crack growth in fibre metal laminates with multiple open holes
Authors: CHANG P.‐Y. , YEH P.‐C. , YANG J.‐M. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe fatigue crack growth behaviour of hybrid S2‐glass reinforced aluminium laminates (Glare) with multiple open holes was investigated experimentally and analytically. It was observed that the presence of multiple‐site fatigue damage would increase crack growth rates in the metal layers as two propagating cracks converged. An analytical crack growth model was established for predicting crack growth rates based on empirical Paris equation. The effective stress intensity factor at crack tips is a function of mode I far‐field stress intensity factor, crack opening stress intensity factor and effective non‐dimensional stress intensity factor that incorporated the crack‐bridging effect in fibre metal laminates. The predicted results under different applied stress can capture the trend of averaged crack growth rates in experiments, although deviation exists in the predictions.
Neurochemical organization and experience‐dependent activation of estrogen‐associated circuits in the songbird auditory forebrain
Authors: Jeong Jin Kwon , Burrows Kaiping , Tremere Liisa A. , Pinaud Raphael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe classic steroid hormone estradiol is rapidly produced by central auditory neurons in the songbird brain and instantaneously modulates auditory coding to enhance the neural and behavioral discrimination of acoustic signals. Although recent advances highlight novel roles for estradiol in the regulation of central auditory processing, current knowledge on the functional and neurochemical organization of estrogen‐associated circuits, as well as the impact of sensory experience in these auditory forebrain networks, remains very limited. Here we show that both estrogen‐producing and ‐sensitive neurons are highly expressed in the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM), the zebra finch analog of the mammalian auditory association cortex, but not other auditory forebrain areas. We further demonstrate that auditory experience primarily engages estrogen‐producing, and to a lesser extent, estrogen‐responsive neurons in NCM, that these neuronal populations moderately overlap and that acute episodes of sensory experience do not quantitatively affect these circuits. Finally, we show that whereas estrogen‐producing cells are neurochemically heterogeneous, estrogen‐sensitive neurons are primarily glutamatergic. These findings reveal the neurochemical and functional organization of estrogen‐associated circuits in the auditory forebrain, demonstrate their activation and stability in response to sensory experience in behaving animals, and highlight estrogenic circuits as fundamental components of central networks supporting sensory processing.
Perirhinal cortex lesions uncover subsidiary systems in the rat for the detection of novel and familiar objects
Authors: Albasser Mathieu M. , Amin Eman , Iordanova Mihaela D. , Brown Malcolm W. , Pearce John M. , Aggleton John P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe present study compared the impact of perirhinal cortex lesions on tests of object recognition. Object recognition was tested directly by looking at the preferential exploration of novel objects over simultaneously presented familiar objects. Object recognition was also tested indirectly by presenting just novel objects or just familiar objects, and recording exploration levels. Rats with perirhinal cortex lesions were severely impaired at discriminating a novel object from a simultaneously presented familiar object (direct test), yet displayed normal levels of exploration to novel objects presented on their own and showed normal declines in exploration times for familiar objects that were repeatedly presented (indirect tests). This effective reduction in the exploration of familiar objects after perirhinal cortex lesions points to the sparing of some recognition mechanisms. This possibility led us to determine whether rats with perirhinal cortex lesions can overcome their preferential exploration deficits when given multiple object familiarisation trials prior to that same (familiar) object being paired with a novel object. It was found that after multiple familiarisation trials, objects could now successfully be recognised as familiar by rats with perirhinal cortex lesions, both following a 90‐min delay (the longest delay tested) and when object recognition was tested in the dark after familiarisation trials in the light. These latter findings reveal: (i) the presumed recruitment of other regions to solve recognition memory problems in the absence of perirhinal cortex tissue; and (ii) that these additional recognition mechanisms require more familiarisation trials than perirhinal‐based recognition mechanisms.
Performance of the On‐Q pain infusion device during changes in environmental temperature
Authors: Burnett Tyler , Bhalla Tarun , Sawardekar Amod , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryBackground:  The On‐Q infusion device is an elastomeric device with a flow regulator that controls the flow of a local anesthetic agent through a peripheral catheter. As variations in external temperature may affect the diameter of the tubing or viscosity of the fluid, it is feasible that alterations in flow may be caused by such temperature variations. This study evaluates the performance of this device during variations in environmental temperature.Methods:  The disposable 400 ml On‐Q pain ball infusion devices were filled and connected to a single, end hole infusion catheter and set to infuse at 14 ml·h−1. Eighteen devices were used in the study (six of each at three different temperatures). The temperatures included hot (54°C), room temperature (21°C), and cold (6°C). The devices were allowed to flow for 24 h. The fluid delivered during each 12‐h period was measured using a graduated column.Results:  There were significant differences in the output from the devices at the hot (54°C) temperature and the cold (6°C) temperature when compared to room temperature (21°C). When compared to room temperature, the output decreased to 67% and 54% of the control group (room temperature) during hours 0–12 and 12–24, respectively, in a cold environment (6°C). An increased external temperature resulted in a greater output from the devices. When compared to the room temperature devices, the output was 49% higher during the first 12 h and 40% higher during the second 12 h at an external temperature of 54°C.Conclusions:  This preliminary investigation demonstrates what may be clinically significant changes in output from the On‐Q pain device based on the external temperature. These alterations in flow could result in inadequate analgesia or even potentially toxicity if these devices are used in smaller patients especially the pediatric population.
Location of residual cancer after transrectal high‐intensity focused ultrasound ablation for clinically localized prostate cancer
Authors: Boutier Romain , Girouin Nicolas , Cheikh Alexandre Ben , Belot Aurélien , Rabilloud Muriel , Gelet Albert , Chapelon Jean‐Yves , Rouvière Olivier 
Published: June 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What’s known on the subject ? and What does the study add?Transrectal High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) ablation has been used as a minimally invasive treatment for localized prostate cancer for 15 years. Five‐year disease‐free survival rates of 66–78% have been reported, challenging the results of external‐beam radiation therapy. Usually, a 6‐mm safety margin is used in the apex to preserve the urinary sphincter and potency. The influence of this 6‐mm margin on the results of the treatment has never been assessed.This retrospective study of a cohort of 99 patients who underwent systematic biopsy 3–6 months after HIFU ablation for prostate cancer (with a 6‐mm safety margin in the apex) shows that post‐HIFU residual cancer is found more frequently in the apex. Therefore, new strategies improving the prostate destruction at the apex while preserving the urinary continence need to be found.OBJECTIVE• To evaluate whether the location (apex/midgland/base) of prostate cancer influences the risk of incomplete transrectal high‐intensity focused ultrasonography (HIFU) ablation.PATIENTS AND METHODS• We retrospectively studied 99 patients who underwent prostate cancer HIFU ablation (Ablatherm; EDAP, Vaulx‐en‐Velin, France) with a 6‐mm safety margin at the apex, and had systematic biopsies 3–6 months after treatment.• Locations of positive pre‐ and post‐HIFU sextants were compared.• The present study included two analyses. First, sextants negative before and positive after treatment were recoded as positive/positive, hypothesizing that cancer had been missed at pretreatment biopsy. Second, patients with such sextants were excluded.RESULTS• Pre‐HIFU biopsies found cancer in all patients and in 215/594 sextants (36.2%); 55 (25.6%) positive sextants were in the apex, 86 (40%) in the midgland and 74 (34.4%) in the base.• After treatment, residual cancer was found in 36 patients (36.4%) and 50 sextants (8.4%); 30 (60%) positive sextants were in the apex, 12 (24%) in the midgland and eight (16%) in the base.• Both statistical analyses found that the locations of the positive sextants before and after HIFU ablation were significantly different (P < 0.001), with a higher proportion of positive apical sextants after treatment.• At the first analysis, the mean (95% confidence interval) probability for a sextant to remain positive after HIFU ablation was 8.8% (3.5–20.3%) in the base, 12.7% (5.8–25.9%) in the midgland and 41.7% (27.2–57.89%) in the apex.• At the second analysis, these same probabilities were 5.9% (1.9–17%), 9.9% (3.9–23.2%) and 27.3% (13.7–47%), respectively.CONCLUSION• When a 6‐mm apical safety margin is used, residual cancer after HIFU ablation is found significantly more frequently in the apex.
Impact of renal vein invasion and fat invasion in pT3a renal cell carcinoma
Authors: da Costa Walter Henriques , Moniz Ravendra R. , da Cunha Isabela Werneck , Fonseca Francisco Paulo , Guimaraes Gustavo Cardoso , de Cássio Zequi Stênio 
Published: June 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The presence of invasion of renal vein and perinephric fat are predictors of poor outcome in patients with RCC. The latest version of the TNM system included tumours exhibiting such parameters in the T3a stage, thus grouping tumours with distinct pathologic features.Our study showed that patients with RCC presenting concomitant invasion of the renal vein invasion and perinephric fat invasion have significantly worse survival rates than those showing any of the parameters separately. Therefore, we conclude that these tumours should not be grouped within T3a stage since they have significantly different outcomes.OBJECTIVE• To evaluate the prognostic impact of tumor fat invasion (FI) and renal vein invasion (RVI) in patients with T3a renal cell carcinoma.PATIENTS AND METHODS• In total, 220 consecutive patients treated for renal cell carcinoma between 1992 and 2009 were analyzed. T3a stage cases were selected.• A single pathologist reviewed all cases.RESULTS• The present study cohort included 46 patients with mean follow‐up of 28.6 months, of whom 17 (36.9%) died from disease. Patients were initially divided into three groups including 24 (52.1%) of FI only, 11 (23.9%) of RVI only and 11 (23.9%) of both FI and RVI.• In univariate analysis, no significant differences in disease‐specific survival (DSS) were noted between FI only and RVI only groups (P= 0.91). DSS was significantly worse in the FI + RVI group compared to the other groups (P= 0.02).• When grouped into FI or RVI vs FI + RVI, DSS remained significantly lower in the group containing the parameters concurrently (P= 0.009). Progression‐free survival also was significantly lower in FI + RVI group (P= 0.01).• Metastasis, positive lymph nodes and the presence of FI + RVI remained as isolated predictors of survival.• Patients with FI + RVI presented a 2.6‐fold increase in risk of death from cancer and a 2.5‐fold increase in risk of disease progression (P= 0.04) compared to those with either of them alone.CONCLUSION• The isolated or concomitant presence of FI and RVI may be used as one of the criteria for staging in the next edition of the Tumour‐Node‐Metastasis classification because they have significantly different outcomes.
Treatment changes and long‐term recurrence rates after hexaminolevulinate (HAL) fluorescence cystoscopy: does it really make a difference in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)?
Authors: Geavlete Bogdan , Multescu Razvan , Georgescu Dragos , Jecu Marian , Stanescu Florin , Geavlete Petrisor 
Published: June 2011

Study Type – Therapy (individual cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?HAL fluorescence cystoscopy is known to improve tumour detection in NMIBC cases and to have a potentially favourable impact concerning the recurrence rates.The present trial assessed the advantages of HAL cystoscopy with regard to postoperative treatment changes and 2 years' recurrence rates, subjects that are poorly evaluated in the literature.OBJECTIVES
To evaluate in a prospective, randomized study the impact of hexaminolevulinate blue‐light cystoscopy (HAL‐BLC) on the diagnostic accuracy and treatment changes in cases of non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) compared with standard white‐light cystoscopy (WLC).
To compare the long‐term recurrence rates in the two study arms.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
In all, 362 patients suspected of NMIBC were included in the trial based on positive urinary cytology and/or ultrasonographic suspicion of bladder tumours and underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumours.
A single postoperative mytomicin‐C instillation was performed in all cases, intravesical chemotherapy for intermediate‐risk patients and BCG instillations for high‐risk cases.
The follow‐up protocol consisted of urinary cytology and WLC every 3 months for 2 years.
Only first‐time recurrences after the initial diagnosis were considered.
RESULTS
In the 142 patients with NMIBC in the HAL‐BLC series, tumour detection rates significantly improved for carcinoma in situ, pTa andoverall cases.
In 35.2% of the cases, additional malignant lesions were found by HAL‐BLC and consequently, the recurrence‐ and progression‐risk categories of patients and subsequent treatment improved in 19% of the cases due to fluorescence cystoscopy.
In all, 125 patients in the HAL‐BLC group and 114 of the WLC group completed the follow‐up.
The recurrence rate at 3 months was lower in the HAL‐BLC series (7.2% vs 15.8%) due to fewer ‘other site’ recurrences when compared with the WLC series (0.8% vs 6.1%).
The 1 and 2 years recurrence rates were significantly decreased in the HAL‐BLC group compared with the WLC group (21.6% vs 32.5% and 31.2% vs 45.6%, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
HAL‐BLC was better than WLC for detecting NMIBC cases and improved tumour detection rates.
HAL‐BLC significantly modified the postoperative treatment of cases.
The 3 months, 1 and 2 years recurrence rates were significantly improved in the HAL‐BLC arm.
Two risk score models for predicting incident Type 2 diabetes in Japan
Authors: Doi Y. , Ninomiya T. , Hata J. , Hirakawa Y. , Mukai N. , Iwase M. , Kiyohara Y. 
Published: June 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 107–114 (2012)AbstractAims  Risk scoring methods are effective for identifying persons at high risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, but such approaches have not yet been established in Japan.Methods  A total of 1935 subjects of a derivation cohort were followed up for 14 years from 1988 and 1147 subjects of a validation cohort independent of the derivation cohort were followed up for 5 years from 2002. Risk scores were estimated based on the coefficients (β) of Cox proportional hazards model in the derivation cohort and were verified in the validation cohort.Results  In the derivation cohort, the non‐invasive risk model was established using significant risk factors; namely, age, sex, family history of diabetes, abdominal circumference, body mass index, hypertension, regular exercise and current smoking. We also created another scoring risk model by adding fasting plasma glucose levels to the non‐invasive model (plus‐fasting plasma glucose model). The area under the curve of the non‐invasive model was 0.700 and it increased significantly to 0.772 (P < 0.001) in the plus‐fasting plasma glucose model. The ability of the non‐invasive model to predict Type 2 diabetes was comparable with that of impaired glucose tolerance, and the plus‐fasting plasma glucose model was superior to it. The cumulative incidence of Type 2 diabetes was significantly increased with elevating quintiles of the sum scores of both models in the validation cohort (P for trend < 0.001).Conclusions  We developed two practical risk score models for easily identifying individuals at high risk of incident Type 2 diabetes without an oral glucose tolerance test in the Japanese population.
ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS AND REGIONAL MOBILITY OF LABOR: EVIDENCE FROM THE SWEDISH RECESSION, 1994–1995
Authors: NAKOSTEEN ROBERT A. , WESTERLUND OLLE , ZIMMER MICHAEL 
Published: June 2011

This paper addresses the impact of active labor market programs on interregional migration in Sweden. The purpose of the study is to determine the extent to which the programs, which provide training and labor market assistance to jobless individuals, induce participants to migrate. Analysis is based on data registers compiled in 1994 and 1995 by Statistics Sweden and the Labor Market Board of Sweden. The paper specifies and estimates a two‐equation model of participation and subsequent migration. The model, which is estimated by the method of maximum simulated likelihood, accounts for the role of program participation as an endogenous choice variable in the decision to migrate. In an attempt to capture the effect of migrant self‐selection, the estimation approach also controls for unobserved heterogeneity in the participation and migration equations.Results of the study indicate a significant positive impact of participation on subsequent mobility for males. This result is robust with respect to alternative specifications of the migration equation and alternative formulations of the model for program participation. For females, the evidence of program impacts is mixed and it appears to be sensitive to the statistical formulation of the model. (JEL J38, J61)
Long‐Term Earnings Inequality, Earnings Instability and Temporary Employment in Spain: 1993–2000
Authors: Cervini‐Plá María , Ramos Xavier 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article provides a longitudinal perspective on changes in Spanish male earnings inequality for the period 1993–2000 by decomposing the earnings covariance structure into its permanent and transitory parts. Cross‐sectional earnings inequality of male full‐time employees falls over the second half of the 1990s. Such decline was determined by a decrease in earnings instability and an increase of the permanent earnings component. Given the marked decline in temporary employment over the sample period, we also examine the effect of the type of contract on earnings variance components and find that workers on a fixed‐term contract face, on average, more instability than workers on a permanent contract. This evidence suggests that the decline in temporary employment is responsible for the decreasing earnings instability.
Why There Cannot be Any Such Thing as “Time Travel”
Authors: Read Rupert 
Published: June 2011

AbstractExtending work of Wittgenstein, Lakoff and Johnson I suggest that it is the (spatial) metaphors we rely on in order to conceptualise time that provide an illusory space for time‐travel‐talk. For example, in the “Moving Time” spatialisation of time, “objects” move past the agent from the future to the past. The objects all move in the same direction – this is mapped to time always moving in the same direction. But then it is easy to imagine suspending this rule, and asking why the objects should not start moving in the opposite direction. This is one way of generating the idea of time‐travel “back” into the past. Time‐travel‐talk essentially involves the unaware projection of fragments of our time‐talk – taken from powerful conceptual metaphors – onto the nature of reality itself. Understanding this dissolves away the charm and attractions of such talk.
Ambivalent sexism: A tool for understanding and improving gender relations in organizations
Authors: ZAKRISSON INGRID , ANDERZÉN MARIE , LENELL FREDRIK , SANDELIN HÅKAN 
Published: June 2011

Zakrisson, I., Anderzén, M., Lenell, F. & Sandelin, H. (2012). Ambivalent sexism: A tool for understanding and improving gender relations in organizations. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 64–70.This study tested predictions regarding ambivalent sexism, previously studied cross‐culturally, here “within‐culturally”, between groups from different organizational settings. Based on three samples (334 adults in general, 744 industrial employees, and 189 high school students), completing a Swedish version of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), the results revealed that men scored higher on hostile and benevolent sexism than women, and high school students scored higher than both adult samples on both forms of sexism. The results generally confirmed the predictions; the gender gap in benevolent sexism decreased as a function of increasing levels of general sexism and the correlation between hostile and benevolent sexism decreased with higher levels of general sexism. In fact, the groups scoring highest on general sexism displayed significant negative correlations indicating a polarized ideology of women among these groups. Implications, both theoretical and practical, derived from these results are discussed.
Forgetting and remembering epilepsy: collective memory and the experience of illness
Authors: Shostak Sara , Fox Nicole S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHow do people with epilepsy relate to the long and troubling history of this disease? Drawing on two sets of interviews with people with epilepsy, one cohort from the mid‐1970s and one from 2005 to 2006, this article examines how memories of what epilepsy has been shape the individual and collective identities of people living with epilepsy. We find striking similarities in how people in both interview cohorts talk about what epilepsy was in ‘the Dark Ages’, by which they refer to the recent past. Likewise, we find evidence of a collective identity among people with epilepsy. However, memories of epilepsy’s past do not appear to serve as a basis for collective identity. Rather, these recollections are located in narratives of hope, in which people with epilepsy express confidence that the lives and life chances of people with epilepsy have improved – and will continue to improve – over time. Indeed, to the extent that people with epilepsy share a temporal orientation, it is much more to a collective future than to a collective past. Our conclusions, therefore, focus on the ways that the meanings of the past are shaped not only by present events but also by anticipated futures.