bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease patterns in pediatric classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from a developing area in Brazil
Authors: Barros Mário Henrique M. , Hassan Rocio , Niedobitek Gerald 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEpidemiological patterns established about 20 years ago, divided classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) in three entities with regard to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) status and histological subtypes and suggested different epidemiological patterns associated with degree of economic development. Here, we investigated histopathological features and EBV association in 100 consecutive pediatric cHL cases occurring in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Age at diagnosis ranged from 3 to 18 years (median 14 years) with 27% of cases ≤10 years. Unexpectedly, we did not observe an early childhood peak with most cases occurring in the >10 years age group. Nodular sclerosis (NS) was the most frequent subtype (69%) and was more frequently observed in the >10 years age group, followed by mixed cellularity (MC, 23%) which was distributed equally between age groups. EBV was identified in 44.8% of cases, without preferential association with age groups (≤10 years vs. >10 years). MC cases were independently associated with EBV infection of tumour cells (p = 0.045) and with a CD4/CD20 ratio <1 in the microenvironment (p = 0.014). Our results suggest that a gradual shift from childhood peak to early adulthood peak may be observed in developing regions. The development of MC subtype may result from early exposure to EBV in the context of an impaired immune system reflected by a CD4/CD20 ratio <1. Conversely, it is possible that NS originates predominantly in the context of a better immune response against EBV and/or tumour antigens expressed in the neoplastic cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential mRNA expression of neuroimmune markers in the hippocampus of infant mice following toluene exposure during brain developmental period
Authors: Tin‐Tin Win‐Shwe  , Kunugita Naoki , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Nakajima Daisuke , Tsukahara Shinji , Fujimaki Hidekazu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractToluene, a volatile organic compound with a wide range of industrial applications, can exert neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects. However, the effects of toluene exposure on developmental immunotoxicity in the brain have not yet been characterized. To investigate the susceptible window to toluene exposure during development and the effects of fetal and neonatal toluene exposure on the neuroimmune markers, gestational day (GD) 14 pregnant mice, postnatal day (PND) 2 and PND 8 male offspring were exposed to filtered air (control; 0 ppm), or 5 or 50 ppm toluene for 6 h per day for five consecutive days. The neuroimmune markers in the hippocampus of PND 21 were examined using a real‐time RT‐PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Mice exposed to 50 ppm toluene on PND 2–6 showed significantly increased levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α mRNAs. In contrast, NGF and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, CCL3, NF‐κB, toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐4, astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and microglia marker ionized calcium binding adapter molecule (Iba)‐1 mRNAs were increased significantly in mice exposed to 5 ppm toluene on PND 8–12. These results indicate that low‐level toluene exposure during the late postnatal period (PND 8–12) might induce neuroinflammatory mediators via TLR4‐dependent NF‐κB pathway in the hippocampus of PND 21 male mice. Among the three developmental phases, PND 8–12 seems to be most sensitive to toluene exposure. This is the first study to show developmental phase‐ and dose‐specific changes in neuroimmune markers in infant mice following toluene exposure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta‐research: The art of getting it wrong
Authors: Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMeta‐analysis has major strengths, but sometimes it can often lead to wrong and misleading answers. In this SRSM presidential address, I discuss some case studies that exemplify these problems, including examples from meta‐analyses of both clinical trials and observational associations. I also discuss issues of effect size estimation, bias (in particular significance‐chasing biases), and credibility in meta‐research. I examine the factors that affect the credibility of meta‐analyses, including magnitude of effects, multiplicity of analyses, scale of data, flexibility of analyses, reporting, and conflicts of interest. Under the current circumstances, a survey of expert meta‐analysts attending the SRSM meeting showed that most of them believe that the true effect is practically equally likely to lie within the 95% confidence interval of a meta‐analysis or outside of it. Finally, I address the placement of meta‐analysis in the wider current research agenda and make a plea for adoption of more prospective meta‐designs. In many/most/all fields, all primary original research may be designed, executed, and interpreted as a prospective meta‐analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between RegIV gene expression to outcomes in colorectal cancer
Authors: Numata Masakatsu , Oshima Takashi , Yoshihara Kazue , Watanabe Takuo , Tsuchida Kazuhito , Tamagawa Hiroshi , Yamamoto Naoto , Shiozawa Manabu , Morinaga Soichiro , Akaike Makoto , Kunisaki Chikara , Rino Yasushi , Tanaka Katsuaki , Masuda Munetaka , Imada Toshio 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundRegenerating islet‐derived family members (Reg) are superfamily of calcium‐dependant lectins that are expressed in the proximal gastrointestinal tract and ectopically at other sites in the setting of tissue injury. The regenerating islet‐derived family member 4 (RegIV) gene has been reported in various cancers, associating with diverse functions. This study examined the relation of the relative expression of RegIV gene to clinicopathological factors and outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsWe studied surgical specimens of cancer tissue and adjacent normal mucosa obtained from 202 patients with untreated CRC. The relative expression levels of RegIV mRNA in cancer and in normal adjacent mucosa were measured by quantitative real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.ResultsRegIV gene expression was higher in cancer tissue than in adjacent normal mucosa. The multivariate analysis of clinicopathological factors for 5‐year overall survival showed a higher level of RegIV gene expression was a significant independent predictor. Overall survival at 5 years differed significantly between patients with high RegIV gene expression and those with low expression.ConclusionsOverexpression of the RegIV gene is considered a useful independent predictor of outcomes in patients with CRC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;104:205–209. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Etude de l'influence de silanes sur l'interface fibres de verre/matrice polypropylene
Authors: Crespy A. , Franon J. P. , Turenne S. , Cavrot J. P. , Caze C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSeveral types of coupling agents containing silane groups have been introduced during the extrusion process of polypropylene reinforced by glass fibres. The influence of these additives on mechanical properties, especially tensile and impact strength, is studied in addition to the correlated observation of the rupture areas in tension by scanning electron microscopy. The results are interpreted in terms of more or less adhesion of the fibres in the matrix, as a result of the possible reactions of polymerization, crosslinking or grafting which can occur according to the nature of the addictive.
Variations des caracteristiques dielectriques des resines epoxydes au cours de leur reticulation sous microondes
Authors: Delmotte Michel , Jullien Henri 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe dielectric loss factor of epoxy resin cured by amine is measured all along the curing, performed under a microwave field (2,45 GHz). A linear hypothesis based on the dielectric contributions of all known constituents allows to show a polar intermediate state; the formation of this state is reversible. An interpretation taking into account hydrogen bonds is proposed. The evolution of dielectric constants during curing brings evidences that microwaves are a peculiarly convenient means of energy transfer to chemical processes as cross‐linking reactions.
Dynamics of bulk polyethylene on a high coordination lattice
Authors: Doruker Pemra , Mattice Wayne L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMonte Carlo simulations of bulk polyethylene were performed on a high‐coordination lattice. In this study, we investigated the effect of coarse‐grained short and long range interaction parameters on the dynamic properties of the bulk system. As a result of fine tuning of the simulation parameters, our coarse‐grained simulations were successful in mimicing the local and large‐scale dynamics of C44H90 and C100H202 melts.
Pseudo‐continuous transfer insensitive labeling technique
Authors: Ouyang Cheng , Sutton Bradley P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTransfer insensitive labeling technique (TILT) was previously applied to acquire multislice cerebral blood flow maps as a pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) method. The magnetization transfer effect with TILT is well controlled by using concatenated radiofrequency pulses. However, use of TILT has been limited by several challenges, including slice profile errors, sensitivity to arterial transit time and intrinsic low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). In this work, we propose to address these challenges by making the original TILT method into a novel pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling approach, named pseudo‐continuous transfer insensitive labeling technique (pTILT). pTILT improves perfusion acquisitions by (i) realizing pseudo‐continuous tagging with nonadiabatic pulses, (ii) being sensitive to slow flows in addition to fast flows, and (iii) providing flexible labeling geometries. Perfusion maps during both resting state and functional tasks are successfully demonstrated in healthy volunteers with pTILT. A comparison with typical SNR values from other perfusion techniques shows that although pTILT provides less SNR than inversion‐based pseudo‐continuous ASL techniques, the modified sequence provides similar SNR to inversion‐based PASL techniques. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brain creatine elevation and N‐acetylaspartate reduction indicates neuronal dysfunction in the setting of enhanced glial energy metabolism in a macaque model of NeuroAIDS
Authors: Ratai Eva‐Maria , Annamalai Lakshmanan , Burdo Tricia , Joo Chan‐Gyu , Bombardier Jeffrey P. , Fell Robert , Hakimelahi Reza , He Julian , Lentz Margaret R. , Campbell Jennifer , Curran Elizabeth , Halpern Elkan F. , Masliah Eliezer , Westmoreland Susan. V. , Williams Kenneth C. , González R. Gilberto 
Published: March 2011

AbstractProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has emerged as one of the most informative neuroimaging modalities for studying the effect of HIV infection in the brain, providing surrogate markers by which to assess disease progression and monitor treatment. Reductions in the level of N‐Acetylaspartate and N‐Acetylaspartate/creatine are established markers of neuronal injury or loss. However, the biochemical basis of altered creatine levels in neuroAIDS is not well understood. This study used a rapid progression macaque model of neuroAIDS to elucidate the changes in creatine. As the disease progressed, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed a decrease in N‐Acetylaspartate, indicative of neuronal injury, and an increase in creatine yet to be elucidated. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry and stereology measures of decreased synaptophysin, microtubule‐associated protein 2, and neuronal density confirmed neuronal injury. Furthermore, increases in ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein indicated microglial and astroglial activation, respectively. Given these data, elevated creatine may reflect enhanced high‐energy phosphate turnover in highly metabolizing activated astrocytes and microglia. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualization and quantification of intestinal transit and motor function by real‐time tracking of19F labeled capsules in humans
Authors: Hahn Tobias , Kozerke Sebastian , Schwizer Werner , Fried Michael , Boesiger Peter , Steingoetter Andreas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA combined19F and1H MRI framework for the assessment of human intestinal transit and motor function is presented. This framework consists of silicone coated polychlorotrifluoroethylene capsules filled with perfluoro‐[15]‐crown‐5‐ether as19F marker, a flexible19F surface coil and a19F projection imaging sequence, allowing for real‐time tracking of a single or multiple capsules. The capsules (length 11.5 mm, Ø 7.2 mm) contain 140 μL perfluoro‐[15]‐crown‐5‐ether and were tested for cytotoxicity and leakage prior to oral administration. A balanced SSFP projection sequence was implemented, yielding a temporal resolution of 133 ms. Optional multi‐frequency excitation, allowing for interleaved tracking of differently labeled19F capsules, was incorporated. The passage of the19F capsules through intestinal sections was monitored in two healthy volunteers. Capsule coordinates were successfully coregistered with anatomical reference scans. Intestinal motility, residence times, lengths and forward velocities were determined. Simultaneous tracking of two capsules allowed for the assessment of peristaltic patterns with correction for respiratory motion. By providing the means for real‐time multiple capsule tracking and high resolution anatomical imaging, the presented multinuclear imaging framework has the potential to provide important supplemental information for physiological and pharmaceutical research. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Internal Structure and Geological Context of Ramparted Depressions, Llanpumsaint, Wales
Authors: Ross N. , Harris C. , Brabham P.J. , Sheppard T.H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn Europe, ramparted depressions have traditionally been interpreted as the relict forms of periglacial ground‐ice mounds. In many cases, however, such interpretations have been based on limited subsurface evidence. We present detailed sedimentological and geophysical investigations of ramparted depressions from Llanpumsaint, Wales. These data are used to establish internal structure and to evaluate possible mechanisms for landform formation. Borehole and geophysical data have revealed a thick (∼30 m) sequence of glaciolacustrine sediments beneath the study site. The geological context (drainage of a large proglacial lake) would have been conducive to the formation of: (i) permafrost‐related ground‐ice mounds, at times when exposed frost‐susceptible glaciolacustrine sediments were subject to permafrost aggradation; and (ii) craters associated with the in‐situ meltout of blocks of glacier ice grounded in the lake during periods of falling water levels. Rampart deformation structures are consistent with both models, but units of sand and gravel within the ramparts favour a hypothesis that these landforms represent the collapsed remains of ground‐ice mounds. This study highlights the importance of recognising and evaluating all possible (periglacial and non‐periglacial) models for the development of ramparted depressions. We recommend that future studies carefully consider all possible mechanisms of formation, particularly where subsurface information is limited. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The sodium channel gene in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval): identification and expression analysis of a mutation associated with pyrethroid resistance
Authors: Ya‐ning Feng , Shu Zhao , Wei Sun , Ming Li , Wen‐cai Lu , Lin He 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The carmine spider mite (CSM), Tetranychus cinnabarinus, is the most harmful mite pest of various crops and vegetable plants. Pyrethroid insecticide fenpropathrin has been used to control insects and mites worldwide, but CSM has developed resistance to this compound.RESULTS: Three synergists together eliminated about 50% resistance against fenpropathrin in the CSM. A point mutation was identified from the sodium channel gene of fenpropathrin‐resistant CSM (FeR) by comparing cDNA sequences between FeR and susceptible (S) sodium channel genes, which caused a phenylalanine (F) to isoleucine (I) change at amino acid 1538 position in IIIS6 of the sodium channel and has been proven to confer strong resistance to pyrethroid in other species. The mRNA expression of the sodium channel gene in the FeR and abamectin‐resistant strain (AbR), which was included as a control, were both relatively lower than in the S.CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that a mutation (F1538I) is present in the sodium channel gene in FeR of CSM, likely playing an important role in fenpropathrin resistance in T. cinnabarinus, but that decrease in the abundance of sodium channel did not confer this resistance. The F1538I mutation could be used as a molecular marker for detecting kdr resistance in Arachnida populations. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Glyphosate reduces urediniospore development and Puccinia psidii disease severity on Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Tuffi Santos Leonardo D , Graça Rodrigo N , Alfenas Acelino C , Ferreira Francisco A , Melo Christiane AD , Machado Miler S 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown the effects of glyphosate drift on decreasing rust intensity on Eucalyptus grandis plants. However, the effects of the herbicide on Puccinia psidii initial development are unknown. In this study the systemic action of glyphosate on rust severity was evaluated on Eucalyptus plants maintained under greenhouse conditions. Urediniospore germination and apressorium formation on detached leaves and on water agar medium, previously treated with glyphosate, were also evaluated.RESULTS: Rust severity and the number of urediniospores per leaf area were significantly reduced with increasing glyphosate doses, even on branches not directly treated with the herbicide, indicating a systemic effect of glyphosate on pathogen development. Similarly, higher glyphosate doses also reduced germination and apressorium formation on detached Eucalyptus leaves, regardless of the direct application of the product on the leaf limb or on the petiole base. Puccinia psidii urediniospore germination in water agar medium also decreased with increasing herbicide doses.CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in germination and apressorium formation of P. psidii urediniospores with increasing glyphosate dose indicate that a lower severity and intensity of the disease may perhaps be due to blockage of the shikimic acid pathway in the fungal metabolic system. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Transition‐state spectroscopy using ultrashort laser pulses
Authors: Kobayashi Takayoshi , Yabushita Atsushi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTo gain a complete understanding of a chemical reaction, it is necessary to determine the structural changes that occur to the reacting molecules during the reaction. Chemists have long dreamed of being able to determine the molecular structure changes that occur during a chemical reaction, including the structures of transition states (TSs). The use of ultrafast spectroscopy to gain a detailed knowledge of chemical reactions (including their TSs) promises to be a revolutionary way to increase reaction efficiencies and enhance the reaction products, which is difficult to do using conventional methods that are based on trial and error. To confirm the molecular structures of TSs predicted by theoretical analysis, chemists have long desired to directly observe the TSs of chemical reactions. Direct observations have been realized by ultrafast spectroscopy using ultrashort laser pulses. Our group has been able to stably generate visible to near‐infrared sub‐5‐fs laser pulses using a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA). We used these sub‐5‐fs pulses to study reaction processes (including their TSs) by detecting structural changes. We determine reaction mechanisms by observing the TSs in a chemical reaction and by performing density‐functional theory calculations. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201000018
Noncoding RNAs in gene regulation
Authors: Wery Maxime , Kwapisz Marta , Morillon Antonin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRNAs have been traditionally viewed as intermediates between DNA and proteins. However, there is a growing body of literature indicating that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key players for gene regulation, genome stability, and chromatin modification. In addition to the well‐known small interfering RNAs and microRNAs acting in transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing, recent advances in the field of transcriptome exploration have revealed novel sets of new small and large ncRNAs. Many of them appear to be conserved across mammals, and abnormal expression of several ncRNAs has been linked to a wide variety of human diseases, such as cancer. Here, we review the different classes of ncRNAs identified to date, in yeast and mammals, and we discuss the mechanisms by which they affect gene regulation. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 728–738 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.148This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
Predictive Value of Retroperitoneal Fat Area Measurement for Detecting Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Adrenalectomy
Authors: Ersöz Feyzullah , Erbil Yeşim , Sarı Serkan , Salmaslıoğlu Artür , Işsever Halim , Aral Ferihan , Özarmağan Selçuk 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundVisceral obesity is one of the main components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The retroperitoneal fat area (RFA) is part of the intraabdominal adipose mass. The aim of this clinical trial was to determine whether there is an association between the RFA measurement and MetS components in patients undergoing laparoscopic lateral transabdominal adrenalectomy.MethodsThe study population consisted of 61 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy between January 2007 and June 2010 at the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. Anthropometric, demographic, and biochemical parameters as well as cardiometabolic risk factors were recorded. The RFA was calculated using computed tomography.ResultsThe mean body mass index, waist circumference, and RFA in patients with MetS was significantly higher than that of the patients without MetS. There were positive correlations between RFA and central obesity (r = 0.675, p = 0.0001) and MetS (r = 0.894, p = 0.0001). The strongest correlation was observed between RFA and MetS. According to receiver operating characteristic analysis, RFA measurement correctly predicted MetS risk in 96% of patients and failed in only 4%.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that measurement of the RFA may provide a safe, easy assessment of its metabolic risk.