bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors for the Differentiation between Glioblastoma, Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma, and Metastasis in Patients with a Solitary Enhancing Intracranial Mass
Authors: Chuthip Pornthida , Sitthinamsuwan Bunpot , Witthiwej Theerapol , Tansirisithikul Chottiwat , Khumpalikit Inthira , Nunta-aree Sarun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Differentiation between glioblastoma (GBM), primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), and metastasis is important in decision-making before surgery. However, these malignant brain tumors have overlapping features. This study aimed to identify predictors differentiating between GBM, PCNSL, and metastasis.
Materials and Methods Patients with a solitary intracranial enhancing tumor and a histopathological diagnosis of GBM, PCNSL, or metastasis were investigated. All patients with intracranial lymphoma had PCNSL without extracranial involvement. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were analyzed to determine their associations with the tumor types.
Results The predictors associated with GBM were functional impairment (p = 0.001), large tumor size (p < 0.001), irregular tumor margin (p < 0.001), heterogeneous contrast enhancement (p < 0.001), central necrosis (p < 0.001), intratumoral hemorrhage (p = 0.018), abnormal flow void (p < 0.001), and hypodensity component on noncontrast cranial computed tomography (CT) scan (p < 0.001). The predictors associated with PCNSL comprised functional impairment (p = 0.005), deep-seated tumor location (p = 0.006), homogeneous contrast enhancement (p < 0.001), absence of cystic appearance (p = 0.008), presence of hypointensity component on precontrast cranial T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; p = 0.027), and presence of isodensity component on noncontrast cranial CT (p < 0.008). Finally, the predictors for metastasis were an infratentorial (p < 0.001) or extra-axial tumor location (p = 0.035), smooth tumor margin (p < 0.001), and presence of isointensity component on cranial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI (p = 0.047).
Conclusion These predictors may be used to differentiate between GBM, PCNSL, and metastasis, and they are useful in clinical management.
Compliance with Low-Dose Aspirin and Outcomes in High-Risk Pregnant Women in Guna District of Central India
Authors: Sharma Lalit K. , Choorakuttil Rijo M. , Nirmalan Praveen K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aim This article determines the compliance rates with low-dose aspirin (LDA) and outcomes in a group of pregnant women identified at high risk for preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) at 11 to 14 gestational weeks (GWs) in a rural district of central India.
Methods A single, experienced fetal radiologist assessed all enrolled pregnant women using trimester-specific antenatal screening protocols that included mean arterial blood pressure assessment, and fetal ultrasound and Doppler studies. A trimester-specific individualized risk for preterm PE and FGR was estimated for each woman. Pregnant women categorized as high risk for preterm PE or FGR based on a 1 in 150 criteria at 11 to 14 GW were recommended LDA 150 mg once daily at bedtime. Outcome measures included compliance with LDA assessed, incidence of PE and FGR, preterm delivery (<37 GW), birth weight, stillbirths, and perinatal mortality.
Results The data of 488 pregnant women with longitudinal trimester-specific assessments from 11 to 14 GW till childbirth was analyzed. At the third trimester assessment, 215 (80.83%) of the high-risk women were compliant with LDA. The incidence of PE, FGR, and preterm births was significantly higher in LDA noncompliant women, and the mean birth weight was significantly higher in LDA-compliant high-risk women.
Conclusion Good compliance for LDA is possible in rural populations with adequate counseling. Starting LDA at 11 to 14 GW for high-risk pregnant women lowered the incidence of PE, FGR, and preterm birth rates and improved birth weight in the study population.
Ectopic Posterior Pituitary and Its Associations with Extrapituitary Intracranial Anomalies
Authors: Alagappan Alamelu , Nayak Manoj Kumar , Sahoo Biswajit , Naik Suprava , Deep Bag Nerbadyswari , Bhoi Sanjeev 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPosterior pituitary ectopia is a very rare entity in the development of the pituitary gland. Several factors and multiple genes are associated with this entity causing both pituitary and extrapituitary abnormalities. Pituitary abnormalities can be various endocrine problems and extrapituitary abnormalities can be optic nerves and cerebellar hypoplasia, heterotopia, and abnormal vessels. This pictorial review represents the imaging manifestations of extrapituitary intracranial anomalies that can be associated with posterior pituitary ectopia.
Excavating sexual difference in language and thinking
Authors: Koshy Abey 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe essay questions the predominant perception of human thinking as a gender-neutral enterprise. It holds that sexual difference is deeply engrained in language and thinking, regardless of the biological sexual identities of those who express those thoughts. The essay critiques the traditional thought for superficially linking the meaning of sexuality with biological gender. It opposes the characterisation of masculine thinking as man’s thinking and feminine thinking as woman’s. Masculine language expressions can sometimes happen from women writers, and male thinkers sometimes produce feminine writings. Biological bodily sexual identity is not a pointer to the psychical sexual behaviour of humans. Psychoanalytic gender theories explaining the inessentiality of human sexuality help this work to demonstrate that man’s and woman’s sex identities are arbitrarily produced by language. It exposes the process of the emergence of sexual difference in the human psyche, language, and thinking. To do that, this study anchors primarily on the reflections of Lacan, Nietzsche, and Saussure. Lacanian psychoanalysis is used as the theoretical source to explain the role of language in forming masculine and feminine identities. Nietzsche’s prioritisation of the value of natural existence, sensuality, and beauty over abstract truths propagated by masculine metaphysics enables us to explain how feminine experience differs from the masculine conception of truth. Saussure’s linguistic theory, which challenged the masculine representative function of language, is used to justify the essay’s claim that ‘affects’ created on the human body by objects of the world are the source of feminine linguistic expression. ‘Affects’ produce bodily intensities, from which new linguistic signs, metaphors, images, and idioms are formed, leading to imaginative reactivation of instinctual libidinal drives, which is considered the source of sexually different thinking.
Induced abortion among adolescent girls and young women: should geography matter in Ghana?
Authors: Okyere Joshua , Kyei-Arthur Frank , Agyekum Martin Wiredu , Agbadi Pascal , Yeboah Isaac 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlobally, there has been a slight reduction in abortion rates. However, abortion rates have increased in other major regions, including sub-Saharan Africa. Induced abortion rates vary by ecological zone and place of residence, and it is prevalent among women aged 15–24. This study examined the predictors of induced abortion in ecological zones by place of residence among adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24. The 2017 Ghana Maternal and Health Survey, which is a nationally representative household survey dataset, was used for this study. This analysis is restricted to 3194 Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) aged 15–24 years. A two-level multilevel binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the individual and contextual level characteristics associated with induced abortion. The results show that the prevalence rate of induced abortion among adolescent girls and young women is 26.0%. After adjusting for individual and community level factors, ecological zones and place of residence predicted induced abortion among AGYW. More importantly, the results demonstrate that AGYW residing in urban areas of the forest zones were statistically significant to report induced abortion compared to those in the rural areas. In conclusion, there is a strong association between place of residence, ecological zones and induced abortion in Ghana. Primarily, urban-dwelling women in the forest zone are more likely to report induced abortion. There is, therefore, a need to prioritize women residing in urban areas and the forest zone of Ghana. AGYW in these high-risk ecological zones should be reached with sufficient health education and sensitization about induced abortion. Given the protective factor of contraceptive use, it is recommended that the government and its health agencies strengthen campaigns to improve contraceptive use among AGYW across the country, particularly in the urban forest ecological zone.
Fabrication and evaluation of figures of merit of ZnO polymer-based hybrid UV photodiodes
Authors: Nagpal Keshav , Rauwel Erwan , Ducroquet Frédérique , Gélard Isabelle , Rauwel Protima 
Published: June 2024

This work reports on the fabrication of ZnO polymer-based hybrid ultraviolet (UV) photodiodes with a configuration of ITO/ZnO-nanorod/F8BT/PEDOT:PSS/Ag. The diode was fabricated by spin-coating p-type F8BT and PEDOT:PSS polymers on hydrothermally grown n-type ZnO nanorods. The growth of ZnO nanorods was carried out by varying seed layer alcohols, viz., methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and aqueous ethanol (70% alcohol). These solvents influenced the nanorod diameter, surface coverage, and surface defects. Herein, we demonstrate that the uniformity and defects in ZnO nanorods govern the electrical properties, photoresponse, and figures of merit of the photodiodes. In particular, the photodiodes are evaluated on their rectification ratio, ideality factor (η), responsivity (R), external quantum efficiency (EQE), and response time (Tdecay). The photodiode fabricated with ZnO nanorods grown on the methanol seeding layer has demonstrated the best performance, owing to the uniform surface coverage of the nanorods. It also presented the highest rectification ratio of ∼640, a Tdecay of 108 s, a η of 2, an EQE of ∼2760%, and an R of ∼8.14 A/W at −2 V.
The anion photoelectron spectrum and diabatization of tetrazolyl
Authors: Avanessian Chris , Yarkony David R. 
Published: June 2024

The potential energy surface of tetrazolyl [cyclic (N4CH)] has a conical intersection seam between the two lowest-energy electronic states near the ground state minimum geometry. This work treats that molecule. The potential energy surfaces used in this study are based on a least-squares fitting procedure that includes ab initio energies, energy gradients, and derivative couplings described using polynomials up to fourth-order and ab initio data obtained from multireference configuration interaction wave functions. A five-electronic-state description was generated with a root mean square absolute energy error of 9.6 cm–1, compared to 326.8 cm–1 when only second-order terms were used. The time-independent multimode vibronic coupling in the KDC approximation was used to simulate and analyze the anion ultraviolet photoelectron spectrum of tetrazolide.
Quantitative analysis of ITER Poloidal Field joints through rigorous resistivity parameterization
Authors: Huang J , Ilyin Y , Zhai Y , ten Kate H H J , Nijhuis A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The lap-type twin-box joints are integral components in International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) fusion magnets, with profound implications for magnet stability based on their electro-magnetic, thermal, and mechanical properties. Throughout the extensive R&D process, rigorous qualification tests are conducted to meet stringent standards. However, existing tests often prioritize global performance, which lack of strand-level details due to inherent limitations in test setups. Furthermore, as the referencing test facility of SULTAN falls short in replicating relevant ITER operating conditions, numerical methods that offer both accuracy and the requisite level of detail for comprehensive magnet and component analysis and development are necessary. This paper introduces the utilization of the JackPot-AC/DC code, developed at the University of Twente, as a fundamental tool for achieving strand-level precision in handling CICCs and joints, which encompasses copper and solder components. The primary focus of this study is to obtain precise input parameters, emphasizing their role in conducting a quantitative analysis using JackPot-AC/DC. The investigation centers on an ITER PF5 joint (PFJEU6), where contact resistances and AC losses were measured under parallel magnetic fields. Given the constraints in the measured results, an enhanced parameterization is performed to derive precise resistivity and solder-related parameters. Additionally, sensitivity analyses of individual parameters and cable compact configurations are thoughtfully evaluated. With the optimal input parameters acquired, systematic simulations of the joint exposed to transverse magnetic fields, mimicking SULTAN and ITER operating conditions, are processed and validated against experimental results. This research establishes a comprehensive foundation for the analysis of lap-type twin-box joints, including DC, AC, and stability properties. The outcomes will significantly contribute to advancing the understanding of the intricate behavior of these joints in the context of fusion magnet applications.
The wildfire impacts of the 2017-2018 precipitation whiplash event across the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Puxley B L , Martin E R , Basara J B , Christian J I 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Southern Great Plains of the United States is a region with a sharp zonal precipitation gradient that is prone to rapid transitions in precipitation extremes. Transitions from pluvial to drought conditions can lead to the green-up of vegetation during extreme rainfall, posing a considerable fire risk as the region rapidly transitions into drought. Such transitions have been studied in depth across regions such as California; however, limited studies have examined their impacts across the Southern Great Plains. The aim of this study was to examine the role of preceding precipitation whiplash events in providing fuel for wildfires, with 2017–2018 investigated as a case study. This study specifically demonstrates the relationship between precipitation, vegetation, and wildfires for the first time across the Southern Great Plains. Lag correlation analysis of historical data at our study site showed anomalously high precipitation 8 months prior to Spring wildfires, resulting in a significantly higher number of wildfires and acres burned. In particular, this study examined a highly impactful precipitation whiplash event that occurred during the Fall of 2017 across the Oklahoma and Texas panhandles, which preceded a mega-fire event in the Spring of 2018. Precipitation anomalies that were 137% of normal during the 2017 growing season rapidly cascaded into drought conditions with precipitation anomalies 21% of normal throughout the cool winter season. Excessive precipitation supported vigorous vegetation recovery and growth, with vegetation indices peaking at approximately 1 standard deviation above average during August 2017. However, the subsequent drought period rapidly desiccated the terrestrial surface. As a result, dozens of wildfires burned a total of 556 347 acres during March and April 2018, resulting in at least two fatalities, dozens of homes destroyed, and over 500 personnel dispatched to fight and mitigate the fires. Overall, this study highlights the significant role of preceding Fall precipitation whiplash events in fueling Spring wildfires across the Southern Great Plains, particularly exemplified by the impactful 2017–2018 case, highlighting the complex dynamics between extreme precipitation, vegetation growth, and subsequent fire risks in the region.
Entanglement Hamiltonian for inhomogeneous free fermions
Authors: Bonsignori Riccarda , Eisler Viktor 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study the entanglement Hamiltonian for the ground state of one-dimensional free fermions in the presence of an inhomogeneous chemical potential. In particular, we consider a lattice with a linear, as well as a continuum system with a quadratic potential. It is shown that, for both models, conformal field theory predicts a Bisognano–Wichmann form for the entanglement Hamiltonian of a half-infinite system. Furthermore, despite being nonrelativistic, this result is inherited by our models in the form of operators that commute exactly with the entanglement Hamiltonian. After appropriate rescaling, they also yield an excellent approximation of the entanglement spectra, which becomes asymptotically exact in the bulk of the trapped Fermi gas. For the gradient chain, however, the conformal result is recovered only after taking a proper continuum limit.
Effect of interlayer thickness and gap distance on vaporizing foil actuator welding of 5A06 aluminium alloy and 321 stainless steel
Authors: Su Shan , Wu Yuanyuan , Shao Fei , Gu Xiaoya , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Ruichen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The composite structure of aluminium alloy and stainless steel provides a wide range of comprehensive advantages, encompassing properties such as lightweight, high strength, and corrosion resistance. These advantages make composite structure particularly suitable for various applications in industries such as transportation and chemicals. One innovative solid-phase welding technology that is well suited for joining dissimilar materials is vaporizing foil actuator welding. This technology allows for the welding of composite structures made of aluminium and stainless steel, despite the significant differences in physical and chemical properties. To enhance the vaporizing welding process, this paper proposes the introduction of an interlayer between the dissimilar materials. The interlayer consists of a third material that is added to bridge the gap between materials with differing hardness and plasticity. The main objective of introducing the interlayer is to minimise performance disparities and reduce the formation of intermetallic compounds at the interface. By examining the vaporizing foil actuator welding process of aluminium alloy and stainless steel with the interlayer, it aims to analyse the characteristics of the interface morphology. Additionally, this study investigates the energy conversion mechanism of the aluminium foil gasification process and explore the influence of the interlayer on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the interface between aluminium alloy and stainless-steel joints.
The burden of heat in arid regions of the Middle East: an analysis from Jordan and Kuwait
Authors: Alwadi Yazan , Alahmad Barrak 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Middle East, with its vast arid landscape, is facing escalating health risks due to intensifying heat under climate change. Kuwait and Jordan, two representative countries from the region, have no heat action plan in place. This study aims to (1) quantify the mortality burden of extreme heat in these countries, and hence (2) identify critical temperature thresholds. We collected 17 years of daily mortality records from 2000 to 2016 in Amman, Jordan, and the entire state of Kuwait. We fitted a time series design restricted to the summer months (June–August) for each location. We used distributed lag non-linear models to estimate non-linear associations and lagged effects of temperature on mortality. We then calculated attributable mortality for a range of temperature percentiles. We analyzed a total of 56 654 (39 996 all-cause deaths in Amman and 16 658 non-accidental deaths in Kuwait). Kuwait’s average summer temperature (38.7 °C) was higher than Amman (26.5 °C). In Kuwait, 202.1 (95% eCI: 17.7, 344.8) attributable heat deaths occurred over 79 d at temperatures above 41.9 °C (>95th percentile), averaging 2.6 heat deaths per day. Amman experienced 500.7 (95% eCI: 17.7, 344.8) attributable heat deaths over 77 d at temperatures above 30.75 °C, with an average of 6.5 deaths per day. This study equips Kuwait and Jordan with critical data to develop and implement targeted heat action plans. The two Middle Eastern countries face extreme heat challenges and are undergoing serious demographic changes with an influx of migrant workers and refugees. We provide an essential quantification of the mortality burden attributable to extreme heat in Kuwait and Jordan, two countries in the Middle East facing unprecedented heat and yet without existing heat action plans. Policymakers face the question of which thresholds represent negligible risk and which cannot be ignored. By analyzing 56 654 deaths, we reveal the number of deaths per day attributable to specific temperatures. This study presents the first step towards establishing targeted heat action plans to mitigate the health risks posed by intensifying heat. The methods used for Kuwait and Amman can be replicated in similar Middle Eastern countries.
Development and evaluation of two educational sessions on take-home lead exposure prevention for construction workers and their families
Authors: Tore Grant , Green Jennifer Greif , Noguchi Julia , Echevarría-Ramos Mariangelí , Peters Junenette L , Levy Jonathan I , Botana Martinez Maria Pilar , Ceballos Diana M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Take-home exposures occur when workers accidentally bring workplace contaminants home. Regular job responsibilities may expose construction workers to lead, which extends to their households via the take-home pathway. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate 2 educational sessions addressing take-home lead exposure tailored to construction workers and their families. Educational materials on take-home lead exposure and prevention strategies were designed following guidance from US government institutions and experts on construction work, lead exposure, and educational interventions. The educational materials were pilot-tested with construction workers and their family members during in-person or online sessions in English or Spanish. Changes in knowledge of take-home lead exposure were assessed through pre- and post-testing and open-ended feedback was collected from both participants and session facilitators. The study sample comprised 44 participants, including 33 workers and 11 family members. Among all participants, 81% were male, 46% were Hispanic or Latino, and the average age was 29 years. Post-test scores (µ = 93%, SD = 10%) were higher than pre-test scores (µ = 82%, SD = 19%), and younger participants (&lt;30 years) were more likely to have a lower pre-test score compared to older participants (≥30 years). Overall, feedback from participants and facilitators was positive, indicating appropriate duration, appealing visuals, and ease of engagement through the training activities. Effective public health education for lead-exposed construction workers and their families is needed to reduce lead exposure disparities, especially among children of workers. Interventions must recognize that take-home exposures are not isolated to occupational or home environments.