bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of concussion related symptoms after whiplash injury in risk strata
Authors: Kasch Helge , Jensen Troels S. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background/aims
The presence and severity of concussion related symptoms after acute whiplash injury are debatable. In this study we examine the distribution and development of the burden of concussion related symptoms in whiplash patients.

Methods
Consecutively 141 acute whiplash patients and 40 ankle injured controls were recruited from emergency units and were examined after 1 week, 1, 3, 6, 12 months obtaining neck/head VAS score, number-of-non-painful complaints, epidemiological, social, psychological data and neurological examination, active neck mobility, and furthermore muscle tenderness and pain response, strength and duration of neck muscles. Risk factors derived (reduced CROM, intense neckpain/headache, multiple non-pain complaints) were applied in a Risk Assessment Score and divided into 7 risk-strata (refer Kasch et al., Spine 2011). After 1 week and 6 months whiplash patients fulfilled the Rivermead Oxford Head Injury questionnaire (10 items, score from 0 = no change to 4 = very marked change, Danish Version, total score range from 0 to 40).

Results
138 acute whiplash patients fulfilled the Rivermead Oxford Head Injury questionnaire after 1 week and 111 after 6 months. The distribution was markedly different in the risk strata, in stratum 7 the sum score was a factor 10 higher than stratum 1 after 1 week (Kruskal-Wallis, p < 1.4 × 10–7) and remained high 6 months after injury (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Mild concussion symptoms do not necessarily reflect eventual concussion, but are found after injuries with no direct head trauma and amnesia e.g. whiplash injuries. The Risk Assessment Score fits nicely with the burden of concussion related symptoms after whiplash injury.
Long-term shoreline retreat rates on Whidbey Island, Washington, USA
Authors: Rogers Heather E. , Swanson Terry W. , Stone John O. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLong-term retreat rates of Puget Sound's unconsolidated sediment shorelines have been difficult to quantify, and little systematic research has been completed to constrain retreat in this area. We put forward a new application of cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating to assess long-term shoreline retreat on Whidbey Island, WA by dating lag boulders exposed on the shore platform as the shoreline erodes. Production of 10Be in shoreline boulders is modulated by both tidal submergence and topographic shielding from the retreating bluff. By modeling the combined effect of these variables on 10Be production, the timing of exposure can be determined and used to calculate long-term (103–104 yr) bluff retreat rates. In rare cases, retreat rates are underestimated due to inherited 10Be. Within the study area, average retreat rates ranged between 0 and 8 cm yr− 1. Our results demonstrate the utility of cosmogenic nuclides for determining long-term shoreline retreat rates in areas with thick sediment cover, where large numbers of samples can be collected, and where the pre-depositional history of the boulders is uncomplicated.
Early weaning is associated with higher neuropeptide Y (NPY) and lower cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) expressions in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in adulthood
Authors: Younes-Rapozo Viviane , de Moura Egberto Gaspar , da Silva Lima Natália , Barradas Penha Cristina , Manhães Alex C. , de Oliveira Elaine , Lisboa Patricia Cristina 
Published: July 2012

The interruption of lactation for a short period, without the use of pharmacological substances or maternal separation, causes offspring malnutrition and hypoleptinaemia and programmes for metabolic disorders such as higher body weight and adiposity, hyperphagia, hyperleptinaemia and central leptin resistance in adulthood. Here, in order to clarify the mechanisms underlying the phenotype observed in adult early-weaned (EW) rats, we studied the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in different hypothalamic nuclei by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. In the EW group, the teats of lactating rats were blocked with a bandage to interrupt lactation during the last 3 d, while control pups had free access to milk throughout the entire lactation period. At age 180 d, EW offspring showed higher NPY staining in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), as well as NPY protein content (+68 %) in total hypothalamus than control ones. AgRP showed no changes in staining or Western blot. POMC content was not affected; however, its distribution pattern was altered. CART-positive cells of EW offspring had lower immunoreactivity associated with reduced cell number in the PVN and lower protein content ( − 38 %) in total hypothalamus. The present data indicate that precocious weaning can imprint the neuronal circuitry, especially in the PVN, and cause a long-term effect on the expression of specific orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides, such as NPY and CART, that can be caused by leptin resistance and are coherent with the hyperphagia observed in these animals.
Association of fish and n-3 fatty acid intake with the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Zhou Yunping , Tian Changwei , Jia Chongqi 
Published: July 2012

Results from observational studies on the association of fish and n-3 fatty acid consumption with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk are conflicting. Hence, a meta-analysis was performed to investigate this association from cohort studies. A comprehensive search was then conducted to identify cohort studies on the association of fish and/or n-3 fatty acid intake with T2DM risk. In the highest v. lowest categorical analyses, the fixed or random-effect model was selected based on the homogeneity test among studies. Linear and non-linear dose–response relationships were also assessed by univariate and bivariate random-effect meta-regression with restricted maximum likelihood estimation. In the highest v. lowest categorical analyses, the pooled relative risk (RR) of T2DM for intake of fish and n-3 fatty acid was 1·146 (95 % CI 0·975, 1·346) and 1·076 (95 % CI 0·955, 1·213), respectively. In the linear dose–response relationship, the pooled RR for an increment of one time (about 105 g)/week of fish intake (four times/month) and of 0·1 g/d of n-3 fatty acid intake was 1·042 (95 % CI 1·026, 1·058) and 1·057 (95 % CI 1·042, 1·073), respectively. The significant non-linear dose–response associations of fish and n-3 fatty acid intake with T2DM risk were not observed. The present evidence from observational studies suggests that the intake of both fish and n-3 fatty acids might be weakly positively associated with the T2DM risk. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
The effect of relatedness on the response of Adalia bipunctata L. to oviposition deterring cues
Authors: Martini X. , Dixon A.F.G. , Hemptinne J.-L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLarvae of aphidophagous ladybirds leave a cue in their tracks that deters oviposition. The influence of relatedness on this behaviour is for the first time explored in this paper. Two-spot ladybird females (Adalia bipunctata L.) under different conditions (young and naive, young and experienced, and old and naive) were exposed either to (i) clean filter paper, (ii) filter paper contaminated with unrelated larval tracks or (iii) filter paper contaminated with related larval tracks from their offspring. Oviposition time was recorded during nine hours. Oviposition was inhibited by larval tracks, and was more so by related than unrelated ones. Experienced females showed the same behaviour but with lower intensity. With old females, response was not significant with any type of larval tracks. This is the first report of the effect of relatedness on a ladybird's response to larval tracks.
Mineralogy, geochemistry and petrogenesis of igneous inclusions within three inactive diapirs, Zagros belt, Shahre-kord, Iran
Authors: TAGHIPOUR SEDIGHEH , KHALILI MAHMOUD , MACKIZADEH MOHAMMAD ALI , KANANIAN ALI , TAGHIPOUR BATOUL 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe Kaj-Rostam Abad, Dashtak and Doab diapirs are part of the Precambrian–Cambrian Hormuz series that are rich in igneous inclusions concentrated by dissolution of diapiric salt. They are situated in the Iran–Pakistan salt range and commonly associated with inclusions of basalt, trachyte, andesite, micro-gabbro, gypsum and anhydrite, with lesser amounts of carbonate rocks. The mineral assemblage in these inclusions developed in three stages: (I) magmatic stage (diopside, Ti-augite, kaersutite, plagioclase, apatite, biotite and opaque minerals), (II) late magmatic stage (biotite, quartz, chlorite, albite, calcite, titanite, epidote, actinolite and opaque minerals) and (III) vein mineralization (quartz, chlorite, albite, calcite, garnet, epidote, opaque minerals and actinolite). Clinopyroxene is diopside to Ti-augite. Actinolite, kaersutite, albite and pycnochlorite are constituents of the metasomatic rocks of the area. Chlorite geothermometry yielded a temperature of 330–500 °C for chlorite formation. Clinopyroxene thermobarometry ranges from 960 ≤T≤ 1440 °C and 1 ≤P≤ 10 kbar. The presence of halite-bearing fluid inclusions in hydrothermal quartz veins with homogenization temperatures between 320 and 350 °C points to strong evidence of hydrothermal events. The salinity of these fluids is 39.8–42.7 wt% NaCl. δ18O data on hydrothermal quartz veins range from 14.89 to 22.09 ‰ (SMOW), indicating that the studied samples were affected by fluids originated from sedimentary-evaporitic rocks. Meteoric water that penetrated the evaporitic rocks likely mixed with late magmatic fluids while subjected to magmatic heat, when buried to depths of several kilometres by the Phanerozoic cover sequence. Whole-rock geochemistry data for the studied rocks emphasize their alkaline to sub-alkaline affinities, in a transitional magmatic series.
Influence of the different sodium chloride concentrations on microbiological and physico-chemical characteristics of mozzarella cheese
Authors: Faccia Michele , Mastromatteo Marianna , Conte Amalia , Del Nobile Matteo Alessandro 
Published: July 2012

In this work the effects of addition of different amounts of sodium chloride, during cheese making, on shelf life of mozzarella cheese were evaluated. The mozzarella cheese quality decay was assessed during storage at 9 °C by monitoring microbiological, sensory and physico-chemical changes in the product. Results showed thatPseudomonasspp. growth was responsible for cheese unacceptability, whereas the sensory quality did not limit cheese shelf life. In particular, the highest shelf life values were obtained for mozzarella without salt and with the lowest salt concentration (0·23 g NaCl), and amounted to about 5 and 4 d, respectively. On the contrary, high salt concentrations affected product shelf life, probably as a consequence of progressive solubilisation of cheese casein, due to the phenomenon of ‘salting in’.
Rousseau's Legacy in Two Conceptions of the General Will: Democratic and Transcendent
Authors: Bertram Christopher 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper explores the contrast between two conceptions of the general will to be found in Rousseau's work, especially in theSocial Contract. The first of these identifies the general will with the decisions of the sovereign people as they legislate together; the second conceives of the general will as a transcendent fact about the society which may or may not be reflected in actual legislative decisions. Though these conceptions may be capable of reconciliation in Rousseau's own work, the tension remains and is reflected both in Rousseau's own ambivalence towards democracy and in the different ways his thought has been received and adapted in philosophy and politics.
Geometric classification of simple graph algebras
Authors: SØRENSEN ADAM P. W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractInspired by Franks’ classification of irreducible shifts of finite type, we provide a short list of allowed moves on graphs that preserve the stable isomorphism class of the associated$C^*$-algebras. We show that if two graphs have stably isomorphic and simple unital algebras then we can use these moves to transform one into the other.
Addressing Poverty and Climate Change: The Varieties of Social Engagement
Authors: Caney Simon 
Published: July 2012

In this article I propose to explore two issues. The first concerns what kinds of contributions academics can make to reducing poverty. I argue that academics can contribute in a number of ways, and I seek to spell out the diversity of the options available. I concentrate on four ways in which these contributions might differ.My second aim is to outline some norms that should inform any academic involvement in activities that seek to reduce poverty. I set out six proposals. These concern: (1) the need to construct coalitions among people with different ethical frameworks; (2) the value of constructing nonideal theory on the basis of our best understanding of an ideal world; (3) the need for integrated analysis that connects antipoverty initiatives to other areas of moral concern; (4) the vital importance of interdisciplinarity; (5) the need for epistemic modesty and revisability; and (6) the need for accountability.
Modelling pertussis transmission to evaluate the effectiveness of an adolescent booster in Argentina
Authors: FABRICIUS G. , BERGERO P. E. , ORMAZABAL M. E. , MALTZ A. L. , HOZBOR D. F. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYDue to the current epidemiological situation of pertussis, several countries have implemented vaccination strategies that include a booster dose for adolescents. Since there is still no evidence showing that the adolescent booster has a positive effect on the most vulnerable group represented by infants, it is difficult to universalize the recommendation to include such reinforcement. In this work we present an age-structured compartmental deterministic model that considers the outstanding epidemiological features of the disease in order to assess the impact of the booster dose at age 11 years (Tdap booster) to infants. To this end, we performed different parameterizations of the model that represent distinct possible epidemiological scenarios. The results obtained show that the inclusion of a single Tdap dose at age 11 years significantly reduces the incidence of the disease within this age group, but has a very low impact on the risk group (0–1 year). An effort to improve the coverage of the first dose would have a much greater impact on infants. These results hold in the 18 scenarios considered, which demonstrates the robustness of these conclusions.
Spatial patterns of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the terrestrial environment at McMurdo Station, Antarctica
Authors: Klein Andrew G. , Sweet Stephen T. , Wade Terry L. , Sericano José L. , Kennicutt Mahlon C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFossil fuels are used throughout the United States Antarctic Program. Accidental releases of petroleum hydrocarbons are the leading source of environmental contamination. Since 1999 McMurdo Station has been the site of the most extensive environmental monitoring programme in Antarctica. Nearly 2500 surface soil samples were collected from 1999–2007 to determine the spatial “footprint” of petroleum hydrocarbons. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) concentrations were measured using a high-resolution capillary gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection. Three distinct TPH patterns were detected: low molecular weight gasoline/JP5/AN8, residual weathered petroleum and an unresolved complex mixture of high molecular weight material. Overall TPH concentrations were low with 38% of the samples having TPH concentrations below 30 ppm and 58% below 100 ppm. Total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations above 30 ppm are largely confined to the central portions of the station, along roads and in other areas where elevated TPH would be expected. Peripheral areas typically have TPH concentrations below 15 ppm. Areas of elevated TPH concentrations are patchy and of limited spatial extent, seldom extending over distances of 100 m. This environmental monitoring programme is ongoing and can serve as an example to other Antarctic programmes concerned with monitoring environmental impacts.
Direct evidence of the impact of longline fishery on mortality in the Black-footed AlbatrossPhoebastria nigripes
Authors: LEBRETON JEAN-DOMINIQUE , VÉRAN SOPHIE 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe incidental bycatch of seabirds in longline fisheries is one of the most striking examples of diffuse and incidental impact of human activities on vertebrate species. While there are various types of evidence of a strong impact of longline fisheries on seabirds, in particular albatrosses, the incidental bycatch mortality has never been directly linked to estimates of bycatch derived from on-board surveys. We develop a capture-recapture analysis which relates the annual probability of survival in the Black-Footed Albatross to the estimated absolute bycatch. By converting the absolute bycatch into an estimate relative to population size and using the theory of exploited populations, we show that survival probability decreases linearly with bycatch, and that the bycatch is underestimated by at least 50%, confirming suspicions based on reviews of the bycatch survey procedures, and raising further concerns about the impact of longline fisheries on seabirds.
Mucilage formation in selected taxa of the genusArtemisiaL. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae)
Authors: Kreitschitz Agnieszka 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe myxocarpic diaspores ofArtemisiataxa are characterized by the presence of mucilage cells in the achene coat, which differ between taxa and subgenera in shape and arrangement, and the ability to form a mucilage envelope after hydration. A detailed analysis of 38 taxa revealed three main achene behaviours related to achene coat structure and the modes of water retention after hydration. The most common achene coat possessed mucilage cells which formed a mucilage envelope after hydration; normally developed mucilage cells were able to produce mucilage after wetting. In taxa where the mucilage cells were not present in the achene coat, water was gathered under a loosely adhered achene coat or in the spaces between the covering trichomes. Myxocarpic diaspores were mostly observed in taxa occurring in dry habitats, whereas taxa devoid of the ability to produce mucilage grew predominately in mesotropic habitats. The ability to form a mucilage envelope was also related to the ploidy level. The shape and arrangement of the mucilage cells in the achene coat may differ between taxa and subgenera. InTridentatae, the mucilage cells were dispersed in groups, forming a characteristic pattern. The role of myxocarpy in the dispersal and distribution of theArtemisiataxa is discussed.
Proposal for a Breakfast Quality Index (BQI) for children and adolescents
Authors: Monteagudo Celia , Palacín-Arce Alba , Bibiloni Maria del Mar , Pons Antoni , Tur Josep A , Olea-Serrano Fatima , Mariscal-Arcas Miguel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo propose and apply an instrument to assess the breakfast quality of children and adolescents in the Mediterranean area.DesignRandomized, cross-sectional survey of breakfast consumption using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ administered at school by trained dietitians between Tuesday and Friday. A Breakfast Quality Index (BQI) score was developed, assigning a positive value to the consumption of cereals, fruit, vegetables, dairy products, MUFA, Ca and compliance with energy recommendations, and to the absence of SFA and trans-rich fats. Data were analysed by Student's t test and ANOVA.SettingSchools in Granada and Balearic Islands (Spain).SubjectsAll schoolchildren (n 4332) aged 8–17 years at randomly selected and representative schools between 2006 and 2008, stratified by age and sex.ResultsBreakfast was not consumed by 6·5 % of participants. BQI score was highest for children aged 7–9 years and decreased with age (P = 0·001). Females scored higher in all age groups. The lowest score was in males aged 14–17 years and the highest in females aged 7–9 years (P = 0·006).ConclusionsThe proposed BQI appears useful to estimate the breakfast quality of schoolchildren and to form a basis for nutrition education.
Relative validity of a 3 d estimated food record in German toddlers
Authors: Cheng Guo , Hilbig Annett , Drossard Claudia , Alexy Ute , Kersting Mathilde 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the relative validity of a 3 d estimated food record (EFR) used to assess energy and nutrient intakes in toddlers, using a 3 d weighed food record (WDR) as the reference method.DesignParents reported the food and beverage intakes of their children using an EFR concurrently with a WDR over three consecutive days. Estimation of mean differences, Spearman correlation coefficients, cross-classifications and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the agreement between the intakes of energy and fourteen nutrients obtained from the EFR and the WDR.SettingData obtained from a representative sample of infants or toddlers in Germany.SubjectsSixty-seven toddlers aged 10–36 months who had completed an EFR for a 3 d recording period that corresponded to the WDR were included in the present analysis.ResultsEnergy and nutrient intakes did not differ between the EFR and the WDR, except for linoleic acid and retinol. For all dietary intakes, Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the EFR and the WDR ranged from 0·35 to 0·80 (P ≤ 0·004). The proportion of participants correctly classified into quartiles ranged from 75 % for ascorbic acid intake to 96 % for Fe intake, and the percentage of misclassification was 9 % or less. The weighed κ values ranking the participants ranged from 0·23 for ascorbic acid intake to 0·59 for Fe intake. The Bland–Altman plots indicated a good agreement for all dietary intakes estimated from the EFR.ConclusionsOur study suggests that this EFR is a valid assessment instrument for estimating the energy and nutrient intakes among toddlers at the group level.
Physical activity patterns in the French 18–74-year-old population: French Nutrition and Health Survey (Etude Nationale Nutrition Santé, ENNS) 2006–2007
Authors: Salanave Benoit , Vernay Michel , Szego Emmanuelle , Malon Aurélie , Deschamps Valérie , Hercberg Serge , Castetbon Katia 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe detailed physical activity and sedentary behaviour in French adults across physical activity categories.DesignThe French Nutrition and Health Survey (Etude Nationale Nutrition Santé, ENNS), conducted in 2006–2007, was a national cross-sectional survey based on three-stage random sampling. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to classify participants into three physical activity categories. Time spent in a sitting position and time spent in front of a screen were used as markers of sedentary behaviour.SettingFrance.SubjectsAdults (n2971) aged 18 to 74 years were included.ResultsOverall, 29·5 % of men and 23·6 % of women were classified into the high-IPAQ category, while 36·1 % of men and 37·5 % of women were in the low-IPAQ category. For each intensity level of physical activity (vigorous intensity, moderate intensity or walking), the number of active days per week decreased from the high- to the low-IPAQ category and daily duration of physical activity was longer in the high-IPAQ category than in the other two categories; 6 % of adults declared neither vigorous nor moderate nor walking activities.ConclusionsFor most adults in the low-IPAQ category, an increasing number of active days per week would be sufficient to attain the moderate-IPAQ category. This should be taken into account in public health initiatives aimed at promoting physical activity.