bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Samotlor: Real-Time Production Optimization for Russia's Largest Field
Authors: Shevchenko S. D. , Mironov D. V. , Navozov V. A. , Muslimov E. Ya. , Pchelnikov R. L. , Kondakov D. E. , Gladkov A. V. 
Published: December 2011

Summary
The Samotlor field developed by TNK-BP is the largest oilfield in Russia. The first oil in the Samotlor field was produced in the 1960s. Today, the operating production well stock exceeds 8700, most of them equipped with ESP. At fields with such a high number of wells, every minute there are thousands of events that should be correctly processed to make a correct control decision. Efficient production requires prompt data, fast processing of that data and an appropriate response. By introducing an integrated real-time production monitoring, analysis and control system it is possible to eliminate the process gaps and improve cost-efficiency.
To introduce the production optimization process in real time, a three-phase multidisciplinary project was initiated: (1) installation of the submersible telemetry transducers at the ESP's and data transfer to the workstations; (2) implementation of the well remote control function; (3) implementation of the real-time production monitoring system. During the first phase, 60% of the wells were equipped with the submersible telemetry transducers, 100% of data was transferred to the SCADA. Implementation of the second phase resulted in creating the functions of the ESP remote control. These functions were implemented in the SCADA software, which enables the ESP start up, shutdown, frequency variation and change of the key operation parameters. During the third phase, a real-time production monitoring analytical system was implemented based on the exception criteria.
During the fourth phase of the project, the approaches implemented for the production well stock will be extended to the surface facilities (oil processing facilities, reservoir pressure maintenance system), injection well stock, pipelines, which will be one more step in the implementation of the intelligent field concept. For mature fields, such as Samotlor, efficient operation is extremely important. The use of the real-time production optimization process allows for improvement of profitability and extension of field life. This approach is especially relevant in the development of Arctic oilfields as it allows for streamlined control of production process with minimum personnel directly on site.
Developing Professional Capability for Russia's Arctic Offshore
Authors: McMorran Paul 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Russia's petroleum resources include 72% of the 130 billion barrels of oil and 91% of the 1,500 trillion cubic feet of gas believed to exist north of the Arctic Circle1. The environmental conditions in which future fields are located will bring challenges to stretch the capabilities of the global E&P industry. Exploring and developing Russia's Arctic resources calls for a new breed of regional petroleum professional, able to blend generations of domestic well construction and reservoir know-how with innovative technologies, unfamiliar processes and new skills involving partners from other countries and cultures.
This paper considers three broad areas of professional capability that will underpin marine E&P operations at Russia's northern frontier: Project Management, Petroleum Engineering, and offshore-specific operations in Arctic conditions. Based on experience within major Russian operators and service providers since 1999, it reviews progress towards developing capability in each area in the context of future Arctic activity.
In particular, the paper reviews Master's degree programs established since 2001 between universities in Russia and Europe to address specific petroleum industry needs, how future partnerships can support offshore Arctic E&P, and how their graduates can be deployed, mentored and certified as professionals.
Finally, the paper provides a case study of an international educational initiative, launched in 2011 to train and develop professionals specifically for Russia's offshore E&P sector. This non-commercial Sochi-based Academy offers an approach new to the region, based on international best practice. Its strategy, programs and governance model are presented as examples for an Arctic industry on which much will depend.
Aluminium Drillpipe in an Arctic Application—A Well-known Tool Changing the Development Strategy
Authors: Vakhrushev Alexey V. , Gelfgat Mikhail Ya. , Basovich Dmitry V. , Buyanovskiy Ilya N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAluminium drillpipe (ADP) is being recognized by major drilling companies as an instrument for reducing drillstring weight and consequently torque and drag. This product has been used in Russia since the 1960s. The combination of the low-capacity drilling rigs, ADP, and turbodrills provided a unique opportunity for development of remote Western Siberia deposits, using cluster directional-drilling technology. The modified aluminium alloy drillpipe known as LAIDP (light-alloy improved dependability pipe) was later introduced for ultradeep wells. This design allowed high-torque application, resulting in the achievement of a world record in drilling 12,262 m in the Kola SG-3 well in 1993. Though LAIDP was initially designed for ultradeep drilling, it has been successfully applied in deep oil and gas exploratory and development drilling, especially in horizontal boreholes, since the early 2000s. The untapped potential of LAIDP is significant. Its successful application in the Arctic and other extreme environments can use this potential and become a catalyst for industry growth.Rough weather, extremely low temperatures, ice, and lack of infrastructure have always made drilling in the Arctic extremely difficult, especially for offshore fields. One of the solutions, in this case, is reaching the target from shore or from an artificial island, using extended-reach drilling (ERD). Existing ERD technology provides wells with horizontal extensions up to 11.5 km. The record ERD well, completed in 2011 at Odoptu field, Sakhalin-1, has reached 12,345 m length. In spite of these amazing results, the industry needs longer wells. LAIDP and similar technologies could advance borehole length for an additional 5 km, as shown by analyses conducted in the past few years. Extensive laboratory tests and field trials would provide more confidence in a 15-km to 20-km well as a target in the near future. Such a possibility may be crucial for development of a number of oil and gas fields in the Arctic.Light alloy pipes would provide other benefits as well, among them, easier transportation and resistance to cold environments.Other important properties of ADP may be found useful, such as corrosion resistance to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2), nonmagnetic properties, and good flexibility.
Estimating Friction Reduction ForCasing Operations in High-Angle Wells in The Arctic Region - A Russia Case History
Authors: Nkwocha Chimerebere O. , Glebov Evgeny , Zhludov Alexey , Galantsev Sergey , Kay David 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCasing and liner running and cementing operations in high angle wells with long open hole sections pose seemingly diverse sets of challenges irrespective of location and drilling environment. The fluvial loose formations predominant in the arctic region of Russia and most parts of Siberia provides more than adequate tests and constraints to modelling, understanding and accommodating the risks associated with such operations as this. This is further complicated with no reliable nor consistent information regarding representative geo-mechanics models or failure plains within the region.This paper looks at modelling casing1,2,3,4 running operations and the impact of perceived friction factors and choice of accessories on the overall out come of the operation. The objective is to better understand the modelling constraints and the importance of certain parameters and assumptions in the final solutions. Successes, failures and lessons learned will be articulated to provide key best practices or design considerations for similar or future projects. Furthermore, we will also evaluate the technologies available within the area and the impact of technology adoption on both the ability to land casing/liner and provide adequate cementing.
Arctic Drilling Operations Planning and Execution: Feedback from Kharyaga Field, Russia
Authors: Fletcher Howard 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In 1995 Total signed a Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) with the Russian Federation for the development and production of the Kharyaga oil field, situated 60km to the north of the Polar Circle in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and 140km away from the main base in Usinsk (Figure 1). Figure 1Kharyaga and Usinsk localization on a mapFigure 2Nabors 536 on Kharyaga Pad EP-1
Kharyaga is Russia’s first onshore project under PSA terms. It is a key operational project for Total in Russia to date. Total (40%) operates the project in partnership with the Norwegian Statoil (30%) and two state Russian companies - Zarubezhneft (20%) and the Nenets Oil Company (10%).
The weather is particularly harsh at the rig site with a temperature far below 0°C from October to June. The average temperature is around -20°C and recent records show down to -53°C in winter time, without considering the wind chill effect.
Kharyaga consists of normally pressured or depleted reservoirs, at depths of up to 2850m TVD (TEPR object 2). It contains up to 1.2% H2S. The field is shared with another operator, presenting challenges for well design, and trajectory planning.
This paper discusses the main issues in planning, designing and preparing for a drilling campaign in the remote arctic environment of Russia, from field layout and location preparation through to operations performance in the extreme cold.
Experience of Applying Geosteering to Drill Horizontal Wells in Salinization Reservoirs of Eastern Siberia
Authors: Chashkov A. V. , Gordeev Ya. L. , Menyakin V. F. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
East Siberia is a new and promising centre of oil and gas industry in Russia. Reserves explored in the region amount to ~11 percent of oil, ~14 percent of natural gas, and ~16 percent of gas condensate reserves of Russia. However, East Siberia is currently producing no more than 0.3 percent of Russian oil and about 1 percent of gas [1]. Major causes of such a low production level include remoteness of the region, poorly developed infrastructure, complicated geology, numerous faults, high mineralization of formation water in pay zones, etc.
The largest oil- and gas-bearing object of East Siberia is the Vendian terrigenous complex, which transgressively and discordantly overlies the eroded surface of Riphean rock. The complex is represented by the Parfenovskiy Horizon (the Kovykta Field), the Vanavarskaya Suite (the Sobinskoye Field), the Verhnechonskiy Horizon (the Verhnechonskoye Field), the Botuobinskiy Horizon (Srednebotuobinskoye and Chayandinskoye fields), etc. The present publication focuses on our experiences of applying geosteering to drilling in the Verkhnechonskiy Horizon interval of the Verkhnechonskoye oil and gas condensate field.
The key specific feature of the Verkhnechonskiy Horizon reservoir is its almost all-round yet very uneven Salinization [2].
Moreover, some of the rock series contain significant volumes of accessory minerals of anomalous physical properties [3].
Risks of drilling horizontal wells in poorly productive intervals are significant due to highly abrupt variability of reservoir rocks of the terrigenous complex in interwell space. With application of LWD, it is possible to drill horizontal sections of wells through the most favourable subsurface zones and to obtain reliable determinations of resistance-contrasting boundaries of formations along the entire wellbore [4]. It is generally an adeqaute condition for timely adjustment of well trajectories and for keeping wellbores within target interval boundaries.
Geosteering makes it possible to achieve a 10 percent increase in penetrating the best reservoir by horizontal wellbores in comparison with the originally designed wellbores. The average total effect of geosteering in more than 20 wells came to 67 tpd per well.
Applying Modern Technologies of Reservoir Quality Prediction by Seismic Data for Complex Fields, Tyumen Petroleum Research Center LLC (TNNC), Russian Federation
Authors: Marchenko E. A. , Khamitullin I. M. , Malygina O. S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The present work presents J4 reservoir properties results in the central part of Uvat oil-and-gas- bearing area based on 3D seismic data interpretation, well logging and sediment logical core analysis. The complex reservoir structure is associated with facies variability that is specific for continental conditions of sedimentation and tectonic geology.
Stochastic Methods for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Arctic Shelf Field Development Strategy
Authors: Sevastianova Kristina , Kuznetsov Mikhail , Tarasov Peter , Zilber Vladimir , Nekhaev Sergey 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
This paper briefly describes a method for evaluating the effectiveness of field development strategy in conditions of risk and uncertainty. Volumes of recoverable reserves and the economic market conditions are considered as key sources of uncertainty. The proposed approach allows obtaining integral criterion of the investment project efficiency, taking into account possible flexibilities in the development strategy upon receipt of new information.
Simulation of Multilayer Wells Operating
Authors: Yudin Evgeniy , Lubnin Alexander 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The paper discusses various approaches for modeling technical operations on multilayer wells. An approximate method for simulation of the multilayer well operation is considered. The essence of the approach lies in the extension of nodal analysis method where transient flow is acting in the formation and the start of production from different layers is not simultaneous. An example of using this approach for modeling unsteady processes occurring after involving into development of new layers is given. The constructed model can be used for incremental production planning, evaluation of interstratal crossflows, as well as candidates selection.
Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing in Horizontal Wells as a Method For the Effective Development of Gas-Condensate Fields in the Arctic Region
Authors: Ignatyev A. E. , Mukminov I. R , Vikulova E. A. , Pepelyayev R. V. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Currently considerable part of new oil and gas fields put into production, features structurally complex low permeable reservoirs. Under complex Arctic climatic conditions, Yamal in particular, development of gas-condensate deposits seems to be especially difficult and capital intensive task. To increase projects commercial efficiency, productivity of each gas well needs to be maximized. Classic solution here is to drill vertical well (VW) with fracture. Under complicated conditions especially when developing offshore fields, where drilling unit costs are considerably higher than in already developed oil and gas bearing regions of Russia, horizontal or sub-horizontal wells (HW) with multiple fractures can be more efficient.
To evaluate process efficiency under conditions of Urengoiskoe gas-condensate field, a high resolution sector reservoir model for a single well was built. The model was used to calculate production parameters for various bottomhole design variants: vertical well with fracture, horizontal well with several transverse or longitudinal fractures.
In this sector model, each fracture was explicitly simulated, and in number of models minimum width of a cell containing fracture was 5 to 10 mm, which correlated with real fracture width.
Analytical calculations and simulation results, considered in this paper, are indicative for a number of typical effects for gas-condensate wells, which should be given a notice: ▪Generation of condensate bank in bottomhole formation zone, leading to well productivity decline;▪Inertial effects in fracture (Forchheimer effect) caused by high gas filtration rate and also resulting in well productivity decline;▪"Straightening’ of relative permeability curves in the areas with high fluid velocity.
About the Problem of Calculation of Interaction of Sea Gravitational Oil and Gas Extraction Platforms with the Soil Basis
Authors: Papusha A. N. , Gontarev D. P. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In paper a principles of the calculation of interaction of sea gravitational oil and gas extraction platforms with the soil basis are presented. Sea bed is presented by the non- uniform model consisting of seven soils layers, saturated with a liquid. Approximate calculation of interaction platform «Prirazlomnaya» with a sea-bottom is resulted.
The New Model of Environmental Safety Specialists Training for Oil and Gas Exploration in the Arctic
Authors: Khaustov A. P. , Redina M. M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The oil companies test a severe shortage in the qualified experts in industrial and ecological safety (HSE-management), in particular in the conditions of emergency situations, what are the oil spills. The modern specialist needs a serious additional training to bring his knowledge and skills to meet the requirements of the employer. Declared by the principle of "lifelong learning" - the constant improvement of educational level, in particular - for sustainable development.
Currently, the Peoples' Friendship University established an educational complex on HSE-management. Such programs are just gaining momentum and presented at leading universities in industrial countries (Britain, Australia, USA, etc.). With its creation as a result of contacts with leading companies (TNK-BP, Lukoil, Gazprom, Tatneft, and others) was defined profile specialist and were formulated the requirements for professional skills of specialists.
The most effective way, allowing the student to "feel" the concept of environmental safety - virtual immersion in a professional environment. Given this, the People's Friendship University - the first of the universities of Russia - based virtual simulator technology started training, practically oriented to minimize the harm accidents.
Created a virtual simulator for environmental safety in the oil spills simulates accidents on pipelines of various sizes for different environmental conditions. It includes an estimated portion (the definition of poverty, economic and environmental impacts of oil spills), the latest technology for elimination of accident, library of manuals and handbooks.
The integrated approach allows for a short time to prepare qualified professionals to eliminate the accident consequences. The simulator - the first Russian software of its kind. Further work on its development can be adapted to a wide range of conditions, including the Arctic.
Thus, the introduction of simulator training in the practice can provide: tackle key problems technospheric safety (safety of natural systems and populations in the zone of influence of objects);preservation of natural resources areas (sustainable development);savings for employers additional training due to the ability to adapt quickly to a specialist professional reality.
Core Depressive Symptoms In Depressed Cancer OutpatientsB
Authors: Pasquini Massimo , Berardelli Isabella , Cabra Ambra , Maraone Annalisa , Matteucci Gabriella , Biondi Massimo 
Published: December 2011

Objective:
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of core depressive symptoms among cancer outpatients diagnosed with depressive or adjustment disorders with depressed mood. We also aimed to detect potential differences between patient self-assessment and psychiatrist evaluation in classifying the severity of depression.

Methods:
Fifty-two outpatients diagnosed with solid tumor malignancy and depressive or adjustment disorder with depressed mood were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) (and its shortened version the HAMD-7) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) (and its shortened version BZSDS).

Results:
Based on HAMD-7 results, the prevalence of moderate depression was low (7.7%); using the BZSDS moderate depression was absent. Mild depression was identified in 82.3% and 73% of our subjects using the HAMD-7 and the BZSDS, respectively. The strength of agreement between psychiatrist and patients’ self-evaluation for mild depression was “slight”, employing the original and the abbreviated versions of both scales.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that the prevalence of core depressive symptoms is very low in cancer patients diagnosed with depressive disorder. The lack of a strong agreement between psychiatrist and patient in classifying the severity of depression highlights the importance of factors such as well-being and functional status among depressed cancer patients in their self assessment of depression.
Assessment of Triangle Tilt Surgery in Children with Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury Using the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument
Authors: Nath Rahul K , Avila Meera B , Karicherla Priyanka , Somasundaram Chandra 
Published: December 2011

Background:
The benefits of triangle tilt surgery in children with OBPI have been previously validated through measurements of statistical improvements in Mallet scores and in glenohumeral congruity. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of triangle tilt surgery through the application of the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument, a well validated questionnaire designed to evaluate function and comfort in children with musculoskeletal disorders.

Methods:
OBPI patients between 2 and 10 years of age who came to our institute for routine office visits between May 2009 and October 2009 were considered to participate in the study. Among the patient group, the first 130 completed surveys who met the study criteria were included in the study. The Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument was completed by the parents of patients who have undergone triangle tilt surgery (Group 1: N=63) or those who were considered candidates for this procedure (Group 2: N=67). The results were compared between the two patient groups and analyzed using the unpaired student’s t-test. Later, 23 patients from the group 2, underwent triangle tilt surgery (Group 3). We collected post-op data, compared and analyzed the outcome of the surgery in these patients to their own pre-op PODCI scores, using the paired student’s t test.

Results:
In patients who have undergone triangle tilt surgery, significantly higher PODCI scores were observed in the parameters of upper extremity function (p<0.05), sports/physical function (p<0.05), basic mobility (p<0.0001) and global functioning (p<0.05), when compared to patients who have not undergone triangle tilt surgery. Further, PODCI scores in group 3 patients were significantly higher after surgery in the parameters of upper extremity function (p <0.03), Pain/Comfort (p <0.05), basic mobility (p<0.0002) and global functioning (p<0.03), when compared to before triangle tilt surgery.

Conclusion:
The results of the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument demonstrate the functional benefits of triangle tilt surgery in patients with obstetric brachial plexus injury.