bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimedia Applications and Security in MapReduce: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Yu Zhiwei , Wang Chaokun , Thomborson Clark , Wang Jianmin , Lian Shiguo , Vasilakos Athanasios V. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYCloud computing has recently attracted great attention, both commercially and academically. MapReduce is a popular programming model for distributed storage and computation in the cloud. In this paper, we survey cloud‐based multimedia applications, identifying the open issues and challenges which arise when MapReduce is used for cloud computing. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High strength retention and dimensional stability of silicone/alumina composite panel under fire
Authors: Xiong Yuanlu , Shen Qiang , Chen Fei , Luo Guoqiang , Yu Kan , Zhang Lianmeng 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYCompact silicone/alumina composite was obtained by highly filling aluminum oxides and hydroxides in silicone resin. The flexural strength and dimensional change of the silicone/alumina composite after being fired has have been studied. It presented a special fire resistance, which could well coordinate the contradiction between the mechanical strength retention and the dimensional stability of silicone‐based composite in case of catching fire. Thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electron dispersion spectroscopy were applied to systematically explore the process of the in‐suit organic‐to‐inorganic transformation. A possible mechanism was proposed to illustrate the phenomenon of the high strength retention and dimensional stability of silicone/alumina composite under fire. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Antioxidant, Antituomer Activities of Some New Thiazolopyrimidines, Pyrrolothiazolopyrimidines and Triazolopyrrolothiazolopyrimidines Derivatives
Authors: Abu‐Hashem Ameen Ali , Youssef Mohamed M. , Hussein Hoda A. R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReaction of 6‐amino‐2‐thiouracil 1 with ethyl bromoacetate yielded ethyl 2‐(7‐amino‐2,5‐dioxo‐3,5‐dihydro‐2H‐thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐6‐yl)acetate 2. Reaction of 2 with sodium ethoxide afforded the pyrrolothiazolopyrimidine derivative 3. Compound 2 reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give 7‐amino‐thiazolopyrimidine‐carbohydrazide 4. The latter compound 4 reacted with carbon disulphide to form 7‐amino‐6‐(oxadiazolylmethyl) thiazolopyrimidine 5. Compound 5 was heated in methanol to yield 9‐thioxotriazolopyrrolothiazolopyrimidine 6. Also, the reaction of 3 with aromatic aldehydes afforded the diarylmethylenepyrrolothiazolopyrimidine derivatives 7a‐c. The latter compounds 7a‐c underwent cyclocondensation with hydroxylamine to give diaryldioxazolopyrrolothiazolopyrimidine derivatives 8a‐c. The new prepared compounds were subjected for antioxidant and antituomer studies, some of these compounds exhibited promising activity.
Simplified Derivatization Method for Triclosan Determination in Personal Care Products by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Cheng Chiao‐Yin , Wang Yu‐Chen , Chen Hsin‐Chang , Ding Wang‐Hsien 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn efficient and eco‐friendly injection‐port tert‐butyldimethylsilylated (TBDMS) derivatization and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) was developed to determine triclosan (TCS, an antibacterial agent) in the samples of toothpaste, liquid hand‐soap and facial cleansing cream. This on‐line derivatization coupled ultrasonic extraction provides sensitivity, fast and reproducible results for TCS analysis. The accuracy and precision of the method was evaluated. The developed method was successfully applied to determine the content of TCS in selected personal care products.
Mono‐functionalized Heteroporphyrin Building Blocks and Unsymmetrical Covalent and Non‐covalent Porphyrin Dyads
Authors: Yedukondalu M. , Ravikanth M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHeteroporphyrins resulted from the replacement of one or two pyrrolic nitrogens with other hetero atoms such as O, S, Se and Te possess very interesting and distinct properties compared to tetrapyrrolic porphyrins. Specially, the singlet state energy levels can be fine tuned with suitable modification of porphyrin core by substituting pyrrolic “N” with other hetero atoms such as “O” and “S”. In this review, we describe our synthetic approaches for the synthesis of various mono‐functionalized heteroporphyrin building blocks and their use in the synthesis of several covalently and non‐covalently linked unsymmetrical porphyrin dyads containing two different porphyrin sub‐units. The photophysical studies are also described to show the possibility of singlet‐singlet energy transfer from one porphyrin sub‐unit to another in these unsymmetrical porphyrin dyads.
Kinetic studies of alkyl formate hydrolysis using formic acid as a catalyst
Authors: Jogunola Olatunde , Salmi Tapio , Wärnå Johan , Mikkola Jyri‐Pekka 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The hydrolysis of methyl formate is the major industrial process for the production of formic acid. The aim of the work is to determine the reaction kinetics quantitatively in the presence of formic acid catalyst, develop a mathematical model for the reaction system and estimate the kinetic parameters for the purpose of optimization.RESULTS: Liquid phase hydrolysis kinetics of alkyl formates (ethyl and methyl formate) was studied in an isothermal batch reactor at 80–110 °C and 20 bar nitrogen pressure. The catalyst of choice was formic acid. The reaction rate was enhanced but the formic acid product yield was slightly suppressed relative to the uncatalysed system. A kinetic model comprising mass balances and rate equations was developed and the kinetic and equilibrium parameters included in the rate equations were estimated from the experimental data with non‐linear regression analysis.CONCLUSION: The model was able to predict the experimental results successfully. The results obtained were compared quantitatively with an earlier model involving alkyl formate hydrolysis in a neutral aqueous solution. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Using ITS2 PCR‐RFLP to generate molecular markers for authentication of Sophora flavescens Ait.
Authors: Lin Tzu Che , Yeh Mau Shing , Cheng Ya Ming , Lin Li Chang , Sung Jih Min 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Dried root of Sophora flavescens Ait. is a medicinal material occasionally misused or adulterated by other species similar in appearance. In this study the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of DNA samples of S. flavescens Ait. collected from different areas of Taiwan were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and compared. The effectiveness of using ITS2 PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)‐generated markers to differentiate S. flavescens Ait. from possible adulterants was also evaluated.RESULTS: The S. flavescens Ait. samples collected from different areas were extremely low in ITS sequence variability at species level. ITS2 PCR‐RFLP coupled with restriction enzymes Sac I, Sac II, Xho I or Pvu I produced specific fragments for all tested variants. ITS2 PCR‐RFLP coupled with Sac II was further performed to identify mixtures of DNA extracts of S. flavescens Ait. and Sophora tomentosa L. in various ratios. The developed ITS2 PCR‐RFLP markers could detect mixed DNA samples of S. flavescens Ait./S. tomentosa L. up to a ratio of 10:1.CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates the usefulness of ITS2 PCR‐RFLP coupled with pre‐selected restriction enzymes for practical and accurate authentication of S. flavescens Ait. The technique is also suitable for analysing S. flavescens Ait. mixed with other adulterants. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
The adenoma hunt in colorectal cancer screening: defining the target
Authors: Sillars‐Hardebol Anke H , Carvalho Beatriz , van Engeland Manon , Fijneman Remond JA , Meijer Gerrit A 
Published: October 2011

AbstractColorectal adenomas are precursor lesions of colorectal cancer. Different biological and metabolic processes contribute to adenomagenesis. Subsequent progression to carcinoma occurs in only about 5% of the cases. Detection and removal of all adenomas would reduce CRC incidence and mortality, but at the cost of major over‐treatment. Classical morphological characteristics fail to accurately discriminate between adenomas that will become malignant and those that will not. Understanding the biology of cancer development will help to better characterize adenomas at high risk of progression, and subsequently establish triage tests that allow to safely reserve colonoscopy only for individuals at high probability of having truly high‐risk colorectal adenomas. Screening tests based on genomic changes that affect relevant biological and metabolic processes hold most promise in this respect. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ligand‐independent transforming growth factor‐β type I receptor signalling mediates type I collagen‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: DeMaio Lucas , Buckley Stephen T , Krishnaveni Manda S , Flodby Per , Dubourd Mickael , Banfalvi Agnes , Xing Yiming , Ehrhardt Carsten , Minoo Parviz , Zhou Beiyun , Crandall Edward D , Borok Zea 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEvidence suggests epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) as one potential source of fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. To assess the contribution of alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) EMT to fibroblast accumulation in vivo following lung injury and the influence of extracellular matrix on AEC phenotype in vitro, Nkx2.1‐Cre;mT/mG mice were generated in which AECs permanently express green fluorescent protein (GFP). On days 17–21 following intratracheal bleomycin administration, ∼4% of GFP‐positive epithelial‐derived cells expressed vimentin or α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA). Primary AECs from Nkx2.1‐Cre;mT/mG mice cultured on laminin‐5 or fibronectin maintained an epithelial phenotype. In contrast, on type I collagen, cells of epithelial origin displayed nuclear localization of Smad3, acquired spindle‐shaped morphology, expressed α‐SMA and phospho‐Smad3, consistent with activation of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) signalling pathway and EMT. α‐SMA induction and Smad3 nuclear localization were blocked by the TGFβ type I receptor (TβRI, otherwise known as Alk5) inhibitor SB431542, while AEC derived from Nkx2.1‐Cre;Alk5$^{\rm{flox/KO}}$ mice did not undergo EMT on collagen, consistent with a requirement for signalling via Alk5 in collagen‐induced EMT. Inability of a pan‐specific TGFβ neutralizing antibody to inhibit effects of collagen together with absence of active TGFβ in culture supernatants is consistent with TGFβ ligand‐independent activation of Smad signalling. These results support the notion that AECs can acquire a mesenchymal phenotype following injury in vivo and implicate type I collagen as a key regulator of EMT in AECs through signalling via Alk5, likely in a TGFβ ligand‐independent manner. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Canalicular ABC transporters and liver disease
Authors: Nicolaou Michael , Andress Edward J , Zolnerciks Joseph K , Dixon Peter H , Williamson Catherine , Linton Kenneth J 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBile is a complex mixture that includes bile salts, the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol and various endobiotic and xenobiotic toxins, each of which is secreted across the canalicular membrane of the hepatocyte by different ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters. The bile salts are essential for the emulsification of dietary fat and lipophilic vitamins. They are synthesized from cholesterol in the hepatocyte and their secretion by the bile salt export pump (BSEP or ABCB11) drives bile flow and is the starting point for the enterohepatic cycle. The detergent nature of bile salts that is key to their physiological role also means that they are inherently cytotoxic, and failure to secrete bile (intraheptic cholestasis) can precipitate severe liver disease and mortality. Such progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) comes in three types of autosomal recessive disease. PFIC2 is caused by mutation to ABCB11. PFIC3 is caused by mutation of a closely related ABC transporter, ABCB4, which flops PC into the outerleaflet of the canalicular membrane. The flopped PC is extracted by the bile salts in the canaliculus to form a mixed micelle that reduces bile salt detergent activity. The third protein that is essential for bile flow from the hepatocyte is a member of a different class of transporter protein, a P‐type ATPase, ATP8B1. Mutation of ATP8B1 causes PFIC1, but ATP8B1 does not transport a component of bile into the canaliculus. Data from different laboratories, published this year, suggests two different roles for ATP8B1 in the hepatocyte: a lipid flippase, that counterbalances the deleterious effects of ABCB4 on barrier function of the canalicular membrane; and an anchor of the actin cytoskeleton necessary to form the microvilli of the brush border. These latest discoveries are described, along with a spectrum of cholestatic disorders whose aetiologies lie in these and other transporters of the canalicular membrane. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for improving the lives of cancer patients: a preliminary study
Authors: Feros Danielle L. , Lane Lisbeth , Ciarrochi Joseph , Blackledge John T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis preliminary study examined the effectiveness of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention at improving the quality of life among cancer patients. It was hypothesised that over the course of the intervention, patients would report increased psychological flexibility through acceptance of unpleasant thoughts and feelings, and that increased psychological flexibility would lead to improvements in distress, mood, and quality of life.MethodForty‐five cancer patients participated in an ACT intervention. Outcome measures included self‐reported distress, mood disturbance, psychological flexibility, and quality of life. Data were collected at pre, mid, and post‐intervention and at 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsThe data showed significant improvements on outcome measures from pre to post and from pre to follow‐up. Regression analyses showed that changes in psychological flexibility predicted changes in quality of life, distress, and mood.ConclusionsACT effect sizes were comparable to those obtained in studies examining the effectiveness of other psychological therapies, such as cognitive behaviour therapy, at improving quality of life among individuals with cancer. This supports further research into ACT as an effective intervention for cancer patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laboratory survival of Drosophila suzukii under simulated winter conditions of the Pacific Northwest and seasonal field trapping in five primary regions of small and stone fruit production in the United States
Authors: Dalton Daniel T , Walton Vaughn M , Shearer Peter W , Walsh Douglas B , Caprile Janet , Isaacs Rufus 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Drosophila suzukii was first found in Oregon in August 2009. The threat of this pest to regional small and stone fruit production industries led to investigations on its overwintering capabilities in fruit‐growing regions in the Pacific Northwest. Knowledge of its cold tolerance will help in the development of computer models to forecast seasonal population growth and decline.RESULTS: Of 1500 adults or pupae, 22 (1.4%) individuals survived the 84 day experimental chilling period. Most (86%) of the survivors were subjected to 10 °C temperature treatments. Survival decreased significantly at lower temperature treatments. Freezing temporarily increased the mortality rate but did not significantly affect overall mortality over the trial period. Flies that emerged from pupae are estimated to survive for up to 103–105 days at 10 °C and for shorter periods at lower temperatures. Field trapping in five fruit production areas has demonstrated overwintering survival in California and Oregon, but lower survival is predicted in Eastern Washington and Michigan.CONCLUSION: The experiments reported here indicate that long‐term survival of D. suzukii is unlikely at temperatures below 10 °C. Field data from five climatic regions indicated extended low initial D. suzukii field presence in 2010 in all regions except California, where field presence was recorded earlier. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Baseline toxicity and stage specificity of recently developed reduced‐risk insecticides chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram to obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Sial Ashfaq A , Brunner Jay F 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Studies were designed to assess baseline toxicity of the two recently developed reduced‐risk insecticides chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram to obliquebanded leafroller (OBLR), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and to determine stage‐specific effects of these products on OBLR, so that these new chemicals could be judiciously incorporated into IPM programs by targeting only the most susceptible stages of OBLR.RESULTS: Both chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram were highly effective against neonate OBLR larvae at much lower doses than conventional standard azinphosmethyl. Most of the mortality caused by spinetoram occurred during the 4 day exposure period, while significant delayed mortality was observed as a result of chlorantraniliprole treatment during the 7 day recovery period, indicating that chlorantraniliprole is a slower‐acting compound compared with spinetoram. Unlike broad‐spectrum predecessors, the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole significantly increased with larval age. Similarly, the toxicity of spinetoram increased as larvae grew from neonates to third instars.CONCLUSION: Chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram are highly effective against OBLR larvae, regardless of larval age. Incorporation of these reduced‐risk chemistries into IPM programs for OBLR would lead to effective management of this pest in tree fruit systems. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Robotic vs. laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass in morbidly obese patients: systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Markar S. R. , Karthikesalingam A. P. , Venkat‐Ramen V. , Kinross J. , Ziprin P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to provide pooled analysis of individually small trials comparing robotic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RRYGB) with standard laparoscopic RYGB (LRYGB).MethodsA systematic literature search of Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Primary outcome measures were the incidence of anastomotic leak and stricture. Secondary outcome measures were post‐operative complications, operative time and length of hospital stay.ResultsSeven relevant studies of 1686 patients were included in this analysis. There was a significantly reduced incidence of anastomotic stricture in the robotic group (POR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.19 to 0.98; p = 0.04). There was no significant difference between robotic and laparoscopic groups for anastomotic leak, post‐operative complications, operative time and length of hospital stay.ConclusionThe incidence of anastomotic stricture was reduced with RRYGB compared with LRYGB over a minimum follow‐up period of 6 months, thus demonstrating the potential benefit of RRYGB. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotic arthroscopic surgery: a new challenge in arthroscopic surgery Part‐I: Robotic shoulder arthroscopy; a cadaveric feasibility study
Authors: Bozkurt Murat , Apaydin Nihal , Işik Çetin , Bilgetekin Yenel Gurkan , Acar Halil Ibrahim , Elhan Alaittin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundArthroscopy of the shoulder is a well‐established diagnostic procedure which has widespread application. Advances in technology and the search for more minimal invasive surgery will always offer new techniques in any surgical field. Robotic technology is such an advance, offering technical advantages over standard laparoscopic approaches. The aim of the present study is to test whether robotic surgery can be used while performing shoulder arthroscopy or not.MethodsRobotic shoulder arthroscopy was tried on two shoulder joints of a male fresh‐frozen human cadaver. The arthroscopic control of the biceps tendon, glenoid labrum, rotator cuff muscles, rotator interval, glenohumeral ligament, and the coracoid process were evaluated in beach chair and lateral decubitus positions.ResultsThe arthroscopic control of the shoulder joint was possible for both beach chair and lateral decubitus positions.ConclusionsRobotic shoulder arthroscopy seems feasible in a cadaveric model but has some significant limitations at this time. A clinical application could be performed as diagnostic arthroscopy and as simple arthroscopic surgery until more specific instrumentation is developed. It may also enable the surgeon to perform more complex and precise tasks in restricted spaces. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of existing remote attestation techniques
Authors: Alam Masoom , Ali Tamleek , Khan Sanaullah , Khan Shahbaz , Ali Muhammad , Nauman Mohammad , Hayat Amir , Khurram Khan Muhammad , Alghathbar Khaled 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper has been written as a part of the research project that is working towards the implementation of dynamic behavioral attestation for mobile platforms. The motivation behind this paper was to analyze the existing remote attestation techniques in order to figure out their strengths and weaknesses. We have analyzed Integrity Measurement Architecture, Policy‐reduced Integrity Measurement Architecture, Property‐based Attestation, Remote Attestation on Program Execution, Semantic Remote Attestation, Trustable Remote Verification of Web Services, and Model‐based Behavior Attestation. Each of the existing remote attestation techniques was found to be effective in some situations but was found to be infeasible in others. Therefore, a new remote attestation technique is needed, which is platform independent and flexible enough to meet the challenges of today's scalable computing environments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.