bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lyapunov analysis of data-driven models of high dimensional dynamics using reservoir computing: Lorenz-96 system and fluid flow
Authors: Kobayashi Miki U , Nakai Kengo , Saiki Yoshitaka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We computed the Lyapunov spectrum and finite-time Lyapunov exponents of a data-driven model constructed using reservoir computing. This analysis was performed for two dynamics that exhibit a highly dimensionally unstable structure. We focused on the reconstruction of heterochaotic dynamics, which are characterized by the coexistence of different numbers of unstable dimensions. This was achieved by computing fluctuations in the number of positive finite-time Lyapunov exponents.
Synergistic effect between Co single atoms and Pt nanoparticles for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Shu Chengyong , Cao Jingwen , Gan Zhuofan , Qiu Peixi , Chen Zhixu , Guanwu Lian , Chen Zhongxin , Deng Chengwei , Tang Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, the efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline conditions has been a significant challenge, primarily due to the sluggish dissociation of water molecules on platinum (Pt) catalysts. Addressing this critical issue, our study introduces an innovative Pt-Co@NCS catalyst. This catalyst synergistically combines Pt nanoparticles with Co single atoms on a nitrogen-doped carbon scaffold, overcoming the traditional bottleneck of slow water dissociation. Its unique porous concave structure and nitrogen-enriched surface not only provide abundant anchoring sites for Co atoms but also create a conducive hydrophilic environment around the Pt particles. This design leads to a drastic improvement in the water dissociation process, as demonstrated by CO stripping and deuterium labeling experiments. Achieving an outstanding current density of 162.8 mA cm−2 at −0.1 V versus RHE, a Tafel slope of 26.2 mV dec−1, and a superior nominal mass activity of 15.75 mA μgPt
−1, the Pt-Co@NCS catalyst represents a significant step forward in enhancing alkaline HER efficiency, indicating promising advancements in the field.
The Universal Republic
Authors: Koenig-Archibugi Mathias 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Can humanity achieve collective self-government in a highly interdependent world? Catastrophic climate change, biodiversity loss, pandemics, war and displacement, the dangers of nuclear weapons and new technologies, and persistent poverty and inequality are among the global challenges that expose the weaknesses of existing international institutions as well as the profound disparities of power and vulnerability that exist among the world’s people. The Universal Republic: A Realistic Utopia? examines whether a democratic world state is a feasible and desirable solution to the problem of establishing effective and just governance on the planet we share. While this question has haunted thinkers and doers for centuries, this book opens up novel perspectives by putting the powerful methods and rich data of contemporary social science into the service of a systematic analysis of several key dimensions of the broader theme. The first part shows why a democratic world state—a universal republic—is possible: why it can be achieved, and how it can endure without generating a frightful global despotism. The second part of the book shows why the universal republic is desirable, by exploring how it can help bring under our collective control the persistent sources of coercion, harm, and other processes that affect us deeply across national borders. By combining insights from political philosophy and empirical political science, this work sheds new light on a crucial question of our time: how to bring about a more democratic world.
Arguments on desirability
Authors: Koenig-Archibugi Mathias 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The first section of the chapter draws on the existing philosophical literature to formulate a set of normative postulates and provide a framework for assessing the legitimacy of global political orders. It discusses the types of behaviour that have a problematic impact on autonomy and thus require regulation through democratically approved laws and accountable agencies, and the question of whether autonomy-affecting behaviour requires regulation only when it occurs in reality or also if it could occur potentially. The second section employs the analytical framework to examine various empirical facts about the world, concluding that such facts require a global extension of democratic governance. The third section discusses how the institutions of a democratic world state can be designed to meet that requirement.
Protein language models enable prediction of polyreactivity of monospecific, bispecific, and heavy-chain-only antibodies
Authors: Yu Xin , Vangjeli Kostika , Prakash Anusha , Chhaya Meha , Stanley Samantha J , Cohen Noah , Huang Lili 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Early assessment of antibody off-target binding is essential for mitigating developability risks such as fast clearance, reduced efficacy, toxicity, and immunogenicity. The baculovirus particle (BVP) binding assay has been widely utilized to evaluate polyreactivity of antibodies. As a complementary approach, computational prediction of polyreactivity is desirable for counter-screening antibodies from in silico discovery campaigns. However, there is a lack of such models.

Methods
Herein, we present the development of an ensemble of three deep learning models based on two pan-protein foundational protein language models (ESM2 and ProtT5) and an antibody-specific protein language model (PLM) (Antiberty). These models were trained in a transfer learning network to predict the outcomes in the BVP assay and the bovine serum albumin binding assay, which was developed as a complement to the BVP assay. The training was conducted on a large dataset of antibody sequences augmented with experimental conditions, which were collected through a highly efficient application system.

Results
The resulting models demonstrated robust performance on canonical mAbs (monospecific with heavy and light chain), bispecific Abs, and single-domain Fc (VHH-Fc). PLMs outperformed a model built using molecular descriptors calculated from AlphaFold 2 predicted structures. Embeddings from the antibody-specific and foundational PLMs resulted in similar performance.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this represents the first application of PLMs to predict assay data on bispecifics and VHH-Fcs.
Surgical and multimodal treatment of metastatic oesophageal cancer: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Knipper Karl , Lemties Julian , Krey Thaddaeus , Lyu Su Ir , Wirsik Naita M , Schiffmann Lars M , Fuchs Hans F , Gebauer Florian , Schröder Wolfgang , Popp Felix C , Quaas Alexander , Schlößer Hans A , Bruns Christiane J , Schmidt Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
In contrast to the well-established multimodal therapy for localized oesophageal cancer, the metastatic stage is commonly treated only with systemic therapy as current international guidelines recommend. However, evidence suggesting that multimodal therapy including surgery could benefit selected patients with metastasized oesophageal cancer is increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of patients diagnosed with metastatic oesophageal cancer after different treatment regimens.

Methods
This was a retrospective single-centre study of patients with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus with synchronous or metachronous metastases who underwent Ivor Lewis oesophagectomy between 2010 and 2021. Each patient received an individual treatment for their metastatic burden based on an interdisciplinary tumour board conference. Survival differences between different treatments were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method, as well as univariable and multivariable Cox regression models.

Results
Out of 1791 patients undergoing Ivor Lewis oesophagectomy, 235 patients diagnosed with metastases were included. Of all of the included patients, 42 (17.9%) only underwent surgical resection of their metastatic disease, 37 (15.7%) underwent multimodal therapy including surgery, 78 (33.2%) received chemotherapy alone, 49 (20.9%) received other therapies, and 29 (12.3%) received best supportive care. Patients who underwent resection or multimodal therapy including surgery of their metastatic burden showed superior overall survival compared with chemotherapy alone (median overall survival of 19.0, 18.0, and 11.0 months respectively) (P &lt; 0.001). This was confirmed in subcohorts of patients with metachronous solid-organ metastases and with a single metastasis. In multivariable analyses, resection with or without multimodal therapy was an independent factor for favourable survival.

Conclusion
Surgical resection could be a feasible treatment option for metastasized oesophageal cancer, improving survival in selected patients. Further prospective randomized studies are needed to confirm these findings and define reliable selection criteria.
Using the Age-Friendly Environment Framework to Assess Advance Care Planning Factors Among Older Adults With Limited Income: A Cross-Sectional, Descriptive Survey Study
Authors: Kimpel Christine Cleary , Dietrich Mary S , Lauderdale Jana , Schlundt David G , Maxwell Cathy A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The World Health Organization created the Age-Friendly Environment (AFE) framework to design communities that support healthy aging and equitable decision making. This framework’s resource domains may account for disparately lower advance care planning (ACP) among older adults with limited incomes compared to those with high incomes. We aimed to describe and examine associations of AFE factors with ACP.

Research Design and Methods
We recruited and conducted cross-sectional surveys among older adults with limited incomes in 7 community-based settings in Nashville, TN. ACP and AFE item scales were dichotomized and analyzed with unadjusted phi correlation coefficients.

Results
Survey participants (N = 100) included 59 women, 70 Black/African American, and 70 ≥60 years old. Most participants agreed that their community was age friendly (≥58%) and varied in ACP participation (22%–67%). Participants who perceived easy travel and service access and sufficient social isolation outreach were more likely to have had family or doctor quality-of-life discussions (phi = 0.22–0.29, p &lt; .05). Having a healthcare decision maker was positively associated with age-friendly travel, housing, and meet-up places (phi = 0.20–0.26, p &lt; .05).

Discussion and Implications
The AFE framework is useful for exploring the environmental factors of ACP, but further research is warranted to identify specific and immediate resources to support successful ACP among populations with socioeconomic disadvantage.
Questions About Aging and Later Life on Quora
Authors: Ng Reuben , Indran Nicole 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Gerontologists have yet to explore the types of questions individuals have about later life. Analyzing questions offers a unique perspective on how individuals make sense of age-related issues. Specifically, questions require people to articulate specific inquiries or doubts, thus providing an unfiltered glimpse into the public’s concerns and priorities vis-à-vis aging. We conduct a content analysis of questions posted on Quora that pertain to later life.

Research Design and Methods
We compiled 2,950 questions posted across four topics on Quora: “Aging,” “Senior Citizens,” “Elders” and “Older People.” After applying our exclusion criteria, 658 questions were left for content analysis. These questions received more than 250 million views. Both deductive and inductive approaches guided the qualitative analysis.

Results
Five themes emerged from the analysis. The biggest theme (30%; N = 195) dealt with ‘Practical Concerns’ (Theme 1). The next biggest theme (29%; N = 191) was about “Health and Well-Being” (Theme 2). Theme 3 was about the ‘Prolongation of Youth’ (16%; N = 110) and Theme 4 was about the ‘Science of Aging’ (15%; N = 97). Theme 5 covered ‘Existential Concerns’ (10%; N = 65).

Discussion and Implications
There is a need to address concerns that the public has about aging, particularly those involving practical issues and health. Growing old is unavoidable and with the population aging at a rapid pace, assuaging such concerns is of paramount importance. By doing so, individuals can approach the aging process with greater clarity and an elevated sense of empowerment.
Non-commutative Barge-Ghys Quasimorphisms
Authors: Brandenbursky Michael , Verbitsky Misha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A (non-commutative) Ulam quasimorphism is a map $q$ from a group $\Gamma $ to a topological group $G$ such that $q(xy)q(y)^{-1}q(x)^{-1}$ belongs to a fixed compact subset of $G$. Generalizing the construction of Barge and Ghys, we build a family of quasimorphisms on a fundamental group of a closed manifold $M$ of negative sectional curvature, taking values in an arbitrary Lie group. This construction, which generalizes the Barge-Ghys quasimorphisms, associates a quasimorphism to any principal $G$-bundle with connection on $M$. Kapovich and Fujiwara have shown that all quasimorphisms taking values in a discrete group can be constructed from group homomorphisms and quasimorphisms taking values in a commutative group. We construct Barge-Ghys type quasimorphisms taking prescribed values on a given subset in $\Gamma $, producing counterexamples to the Kapovich and Fujiwara theorem for quasimorphisms taking values in a Lie group. Our construction also generalizes a result proven by D. Kazhdan in his paper “On $\varepsilon $-representations”. Kazhdan has proved that for any $\varepsilon&gt;0$, there exists an $\varepsilon $-representation of the fundamental group of a Riemann surface of genus 2 which cannot be $1/10$-approximated by a representation. We generalize his result by constructing an $\varepsilon $-representation of the fundamental group of a closed manifold of negative sectional curvature taking values in an arbitrary Lie group.
Democratic Ties That Bind? US–China Conflict and Foreign Policy Opinion in Japan and Korea
Authors: Bae Joonbum , Lim Sijeong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
While the Biden administration has framed US–China relations as part of a broader contest between democracy and autocracy, the potential international repercussions of this stance remain unclear. How will other democracies and, in particular, the citizens of key democratic US allies respond to a world characterized by increasing rivalry between dictatorships and democracies? We seek to answer this question through survey experiments in Japan and South Korea. We randomly assign information to respondents, highlighting the differences in democracy and human rights practices in the US–China relationship. Despite prior research and recent US policy documents suggesting that increasing tension over democracy and human rights in US–China relations will lead to democratic US allies moving even closer to the United States, our findings diverge from this expectation. When provided with information about this tension, the level of support for more cooperation with Washington decreases in both Japan and Korea. Our findings point to the need to revisit an assumption in much of the academic literature: Given a choice between cooperation with authoritarian and democratic countries in conflict, democracies—and their publics—will gravitate toward the latter.
Forum: Introspective Journeys and Lessons Learned: Narratives of Self-Care in Academia
Authors: Ramos Jennifer M , Gokcek Gigi , Deciancio Melisa , Garriga Ana Carolina , Haynes Eboni Nola , Scalera Elliott Jamie , Valença Marcelo , Skonieczny Amy , Fattore Christina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Given the realities of external pressures on our daily lives, work-life balance is important now more than ever. Although we often advocate for work-life balance, are we equipped with the appropriate tools and an adequate support network to handle what life might throw at us? How do we continue to be productive when dealing with distressing matters that we seemingly have little control over? Contributors from different areas of the world, with a diversity of voices, offer their perspectives on how to navigate life’s obstacles while continuing to meet the expectations of departments, universities, and the profession to achieve career success and fulfillment. This forum highlights authors at different career stages, who have lived through a myriad of experiences including singleness/dating, marriage, pregnancy, parenting, serving as a caretaker, the death of a loved one, toxic work environment, and personal health to share their experiences and provide insights on how to cope with adversity at any point in one’s academic career.
A randomized controlled trial of the effect of raloxifene plus cholecalciferol versus cholecalciferol alone on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteopenia
Authors: Shin Sungjae , Hong Namki , Rhee Yumie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Raloxifene increases lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and lowers vertebral fracture risk in patients with osteoporosis. However, few prospective clinical trials have studied its efficacy in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. This study investigated the efficacy of raloxifene in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. An investigator-initiated, randomized, open-label, prospective, single-center trial was conducted in 112 postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Osteopenia was defined based on the lowest BMD T-score in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total hip (−2.5 &lt; lowest T-score &lt; −1.0). Participants were randomly assigned to receive raloxifene 60 mg/day plus cholecalciferol 800 IU/day (RalD) or cholecalciferol 800 IU/day (VitD) for 48 wk. At baseline, mean age (63.1 ± 6.8 yr) did not differ between the two groups. However, in the RalD group, mean body mass index (BMI) and baseline T-score were lower, while 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was higher. At 48 wk, the RalD group showed a greater increase in lumbar spine BMD (RalD vs. VitD; 2.6% vs. −0.6%, P =.005) and attenuated the total hip BMD loss (−0.3% vs. −2.9%, P = .003). The effect of raloxifene on the lumbar spine remained significant after adjustment for age, BMI, baseline BMD T-score, and other covariates (adjusted β: +3.05 vs. VitD, P =.015). In subgroup analysis, the difference in lumbar spine BMD between the RalD and VitD groups was robust in those with severe osteopenia group (lowest T-score ≤ −2.0). Raloxifene plus cholecalciferol significantly improved lumbar spine BMD and attenuated total hip BMD loss compared with cholecalciferol alone, with a more robust effect in severe osteopenia.
Clinical trial registration: The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05386784).
Development of silicon-on-insulator direct electron detector with analog memories in pixels for sub-microsecond imaging
Authors: Ishida Takafumi , Sugie Kosei , Miyoshi Toshinobu , Ishida Yuichi , Saitoh Koh , Arai Yasuo , Kuwahara Makoto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We have developed a high-speed recordable direct electron detector based on silicon-on-insulator technology. The detector has 16 analog memories in each pixel to record 16 images with sub-microsecond temporal resolution. A dedicated data acquisition system has also been developed to display and record the results on a personal computer. The performance of the direct electron detector as an image sensor is evaluated under electron irradiation with an energy of 30 keV in a low-voltage transmission electron microscope equipped with a photocathode electron gun. We demonstrate that the detector can record images at an exposure time of 100 ns and an interval of 900 ns.
Platelet-rich plasma therapy for postoperative esophageal fistula in a pediatric patient
Authors: Di Mitri Marco , Chiastra Greta , Collautti Edoardo , D’Antonio Simone , Buzzi Marina , Bisanti Cristian , Di Carmine Annalisa , Catania Vincenzo , Libri Michele , Gargano Tommaso , Lima Mario 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Postoperative management of esophagocutaneous fistulas in pediatric patients is challenging, often resulting in prolonged hospitalization and increased morbidity. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a promising adjunctive treatment for such complications. We present the case of a 7-month-old infant who developed an esophago-cutaneous fistula following esophagocoloplasty for esophageal atresia type A. Despite initial conservative management, the fistula persisted, prompting the application of PRP gel derived from umbilical cord blood. After four applications of PRP, complete closure of the fistula was achieved, leading to both functional and aesthetic results. This case highlights the potential of PRP in managing refractory postoperative esophageal fistulas in pediatric patients and underscores the need for further research to optimize treatment protocols and validate its efficacy for this sort of complications
Giant pleomorphic lipoma in patient with multiple osteochondromatosis
Authors: Thorpe Benjamin , Lage Paloma , Beiras Carolina , Bargas-Osorio Kelly , Canseco Francisco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pleomorphic lipomas are infrequent soft tissue tumours with pseudosarcomatous behaviour. Their polymorphism provides them certain characteristics that may resemble malignancy, which may mislead the initial diagnosis. The presented case report is a 45-year-old man with a giant growing tumour on the left cervicoscapular region initially categorised as a liposarcoma by magnetic resonance with a final confirmed diagnosis of pleomorphic lipoma after the surgical resection and the examination of the pathologist. The patient presented important functional restriction of the upper left extremity, which decreased after surgical resection, improving the quality of life.
G-quadruplex propensity in H. neanderthalensis, H. sapiens and Denisovans mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Brázda Václav , Šislerová Lucie , Cucchiarini Anne , Mergny Jean-Louis 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Current methods of processing archaeological samples combined with advances in sequencing methods lead to disclosure of a large part of H. neanderthalensis and Denisovans genetic information. It is hardly surprising that the genome variability between modern humans, Denisovans and H. neanderthalensis is relatively limited. Genomic studies may provide insight on the metabolism of extinct human species or lineages. Detailed analysis of G-quadruplex sequences in H. neanderthalensis and Denisovans mitochondrial DNA showed us interesting features. Relatively similar patterns in mitochondrial DNA are found compared to modern humans, with one notable exception for H. neanderthalensis. An interesting difference between H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens corresponds to a motif found in the D-loop region of mtDNA, which is responsible for mitochondrial DNA replication. This area is directly responsible for the number of mitochondria and consequently for the efficient energy metabolism of cell. H. neanderthalensis harbor a long uninterrupted run of guanines in this region, which may cause problems for replication, in contrast with H. sapiens, for which this run is generally shorter and interrupted. One may propose that the predominant H. sapiens motif provided a selective advantage for modern humans regarding mtDNA replication and function.