bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Coholding Puzzle: New Evidence from Transaction-Level Data
Authors: Gathergood John , Olafsson Arna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Why do individuals pay debt interest when they could use their savings to pay down the debt? We explore why individuals “cohold” debt and savings using detailed and highly disaggregated daily-level data on household finances. We find that coholding mostly occurs in short spells within the month and the level of coholding is typically modest. Periods of coholding are not associated with shocks at the individual level. We show that mental accounting has a role to play in explaining coholding, in particular how individuals allocate different categories of expenditure to accounts in credit and debit.
Longitudinal Trajectories of Premorbid Social and Academic Adjustment in Youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Implications for Conversion
Authors: Cowan Henry R , Mittal Vijay A , Addington Jean , Bearden Carrie E , Cadenhead Kristin S , Cornblatt Barbara A , Keshavan Matcheri , Mathalon Daniel H , Perkins Diana O , Stone William , Tsuang Ming T , Woods Scott W , Cannon Tyrone D , Walker Elaine F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Social and academic adjustment deteriorate in the years preceding a psychotic disorder diagnosis. Analyses of premorbid adjustment have recently been extended into the clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) syndrome to identify risk factors and developmental pathways toward psychotic disorders. Work so far has been at the between-person level, which has constrained analyses of premorbid adjustment, clinical covariates, and conversion to psychosis.

Study Design
Growth-curve models examined longitudinal trajectories in retrospective reports of premorbid social and academic adjustment from youth at CHR (n = 498). Interaction models tested whether known covariates of premorbid adjustment problems (attenuated negative symptoms, cognition, and childhood trauma) were associated with different premorbid adjustment trajectories in converters vs non-converters (ie, participants who did/did not develop psychotic disorders within 2-year follow-up).

Study Results
Converters reported poorer social adjustment throughout the premorbid period. Converters who developed psychosis with an affective component reported poorer academic adjustment throughout the premorbid period than those who developed non-affective psychosis. Tentatively, baseline attenuated negative symptoms may have been associated with worsening social adjustment in the premorbid period for non-converters only. Childhood trauma impact was associated with fewer academic functioning problems among converters. Cognition effects did not differ based on conversion status.

Conclusions
Premorbid social function is an important factor in risk for conversion to psychosis. Negative symptoms and childhood trauma had different relationships to premorbid functioning in converters vs non-converters. Mechanisms linking symptoms and trauma to functional impairment may be different in converters vs non-converters, suggesting possible new avenues for risk assessment.
MEK/ERK signaling drives the transdifferentiation of supporting cells into functional hair cells by modulating the Notch pathway
Authors: Ma Jiaoyao , Xia Mingyu , Guo Jin , Li Wen , Sun Shan , Chen Bing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Loss of cochlear hair cells (HCs) leads to permanent hearing loss in mammals, and regenerative medicine is regarded as an ideal strategy for hearing recovery. Limited genetic and pharmaceutical approaches for HC regeneration have been established, and the existing strategies cannot achieve recovery of auditory function. A promising target to promote HC regeneration is MEK/ERK signaling because dynamic shifts in its activity during the critical stages of inner ear development have been observed. Here, we first showed that MEK/ERK signaling is activated specifically in supporting cells (SCs) after aminoglycoside-induced HC injury. We then selected 4 MEK/ERK signaling inhibitors, and PD0325901 (PD03) was found to induce the transdifferentiation of functional supernumerary HCs from SCs in the neonatal mammalian cochlear epithelium. We next found that PD03 facilitated the generation of HCs in inner ear organoids. Through genome-wide high-throughput RNA sequencing and verification, we found that the Notch pathway is the downstream target of MEK/ERK signaling. Importantly, delivery of PD03 into the inner ear induced mild HC regeneration in vivo. Our study thus reveals the importance of MEK/ERK signaling in cell fate determination and suggests that PD03 might serve as a new approach for HC regeneration.
Steatotic liver disease induced by TCPOBOP-activated hepatic constitutive androstane receptor: primary and secondary gene responses with links to disease progression
Authors: Sonkar Ravi , Ma Hong , Waxman David J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, Nr1i3), a liver nuclear receptor and xenobiotic sensor, induces drug, steroid, and lipid metabolizing enzymes, stimulates liver hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and ultimately, hepatocellular carcinogenesis. The mechanisms linking early CAR responses to later disease development are poorly understood. Here we show that exposure of CD-1 mice to TCPOBOP (1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene), a halogenated xenochemical and selective CAR agonist ligand, induces pericentral steatosis marked by hepatic accumulation of cholesterol and neutral lipid, and elevated circulating alanine aminotransferase, indicating hepatocyte damage. TCPOBOP-induced steatosis was weaker in the pericentral region but stronger in the periportal region in females compared with males. Early (1 day) TCPOBOP transcriptional responses were enriched for CAR-bound primary response genes, and for lipogenesis and xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress protection pathways; late (2 weeks) TCPOBOP responses included many CAR binding-independent secondary response genes, with enrichment for macrophage activation, immune response, and cytokine and reactive oxygen species production. Late upstream regulators specific to TCPOBOP-exposed male liver were linked to proinflammatory responses and hepatocellular carcinoma progression. TCPOBOP administered weekly to male mice using a high corn oil vehicle induced carbohydrate-responsive transcription factor (MLXIPL)-regulated target genes, dysregulated mitochondrial respiratory and translation regulatory pathways, and induced more advanced liver pathology. Overall, TCPOBOP exposure recapitulates histological and gene expression changes characteristic of emerging steatotic liver disease, including secondary gene responses in liver nonparenchymal cells indicative of transition to a more advanced disease state. Upstream regulators of both the early and late TCPOBOP response genes include novel biomarkers for foreign chemical-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.
Temporal trends and space–time distribution of leprosy relapse in Brazil from 2001 to 2021
Authors: Boigny Reagan Nzundu , de Sousa Cavalcante Kellyn Kessiene , Florencio Caroline Mary Gurgel Dias , Nogueira Paula Sacha Frota , Gomes Ciro Martins , Alencar Carlos Henrique 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
To analyse the temporal trends and spatiotemporal distribution of leprosy relapse in Brazil from 2001 to 2021.

Methods
An ecological study with a temporal trend approach and space–time analysis of leprosy relapse in Brazil was carried out with data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System.

Results
A total of 31 334 patients who experienced leprosy relapse were identified. The number of recurrent cases tended to increase throughout the study period, and this increase was significant among females and in almost all age groups, except for those &lt;15, 50–59 and ≥70 y. Several clusters of high- and low-risk patients were identified across all regions with a heterogeneous distribution.

Conclusions
The burden of relapse showed an increasing trend in some groups and was distributed in all regions.
Community engagement around scrub typhus in northern Thailand: a pilot project
Authors: Perrone Carlo , Kanthawang Nipaphan , Cheah Phaik Yeong , Intralawan Daranee , Lee Sue J , Nedsuwan Supalert , Fuwongsitt Benjarat , Wangrangsimakul Tri , Greer Rachel C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Scrub typhus is highly endemic in northern Thailand yet awareness and knowledge are low. We developed a community engagement project to improve awareness in communities at risk of contracting scrub typhus.

Methods
We conducted a series of engagement sessions with healthcare workers and community health volunteers so they would, in turn, engage with their communities. We evaluated our activities by assessing the increase in scrub typhus knowledge, using a series of Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. Three to 6 months after the sessions, participants were followed up to collect their experiences training community members.

Results
Of 134 participants who took part in eight sessions, 87.3% were community health volunteers. Disease knowledge increased substantially after the sessions and was well maintained for up to 5 mo. Satisfaction was high and, through participant feedback, engagement materials were improved to be more useful to the communities. People with higher education had higher scores and retention.

Conclusions
Community engagement was shown to be an effective tool to develop and carry out health-promoting activities in a culturally and context-appropriate manner.
Identification of diverse RNA viruses in Obscuromonas flagellates (Euglenozoa: Trypanosomatidae: Blastocrithidiinae)
Authors: Grybchuk Danyil , Galan Arnau , Klocek Donnamae , Macedo Diego H , Wolf Yuri I , Votýpka Jan , Butenko Anzhelika , Lukeš Julius , Neri Uri , Záhonová Kristína , Kostygov Alexei Yu , Koonin Eugene V , Yurchenko Vyacheslav 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Trypanosomatids (Euglenozoa) are a diverse group of unicellular flagellates predominately infecting insects (monoxenous species) or circulating between insects and vertebrates or plants (dixenous species). Monoxenous trypanosomatids harbor a wide range of RNA viruses belonging to the families Narnaviridae, Totiviridae, Qinviridae, Leishbuviridae, and a putative group of tombus-like viruses. Here, we focus on the subfamily Blastocrithidiinae, a previously unexplored divergent group of monoxenous trypanosomatids comprising two related genera: Obscuromonas and Blastocrithidia. Members of the genus Blastocrithidia employ a unique genetic code, in which all three stop codons are repurposed to encode amino acids, with TAA also used to terminate translation. Obscuromonas isolates studied here bear viruses of three families: Narnaviridae, Qinviridae, and Mitoviridae. The latter viral group is documented in trypanosomatid flagellates for the first time. While other known mitoviruses replicate in the mitochondria, those of trypanosomatids appear to reside in the cytoplasm. Although no RNA viruses were detected in Blastocrithidia spp., we identified an endogenous viral element in the genome of B. triatomae indicating its past encounter(s) with tombus-like viruses.
Impact of Age on the Occurrence of Vascular Complications in Patients Undergoing Anterior Lumbar Approach Surgery
Authors: Ahn Junyoung , Courtois Emily C. , Ohnmeiss Donna D. 
Published: May 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
To investigate the impact of age on the incidence of vascular complications in patients undergoing anterior lumbar approach surgery.

Background.
Anterior approach lumbar spinal surgery may facilitate the use of intervertebral devices with larger endplate coverage and increased lordosis. Despite the advantages of this approach, risks related to vascular injury in older patients have been described in the literature.

Patients and Methods.
In total, 751 consecutive patients with degenerative spinal pathology who underwent stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), ALIF combined with posterior fusion and/or instrumentation (360), total disc replacement, or hybrid procedures (ALIF and total disc replacement) were included. Data collected included general patient descriptive data, surgery details, intraoperative vascular injury, and postoperative vascular complications (deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism). Rates of vascular complications were compared across age groups. In addition, the mean age of patients was compared between those with versus without vascular complications.

Results.
Overall mean age was 50.4 years (range: 20–83 yr). The mean estimated blood loss was 91.3 mL (range: 10–2800 mL). A total of 15 patients, 2.0%, had vascular complications. There were 10 cases (1.3%) of intraoperative injury to iliac arteries or iliolumbar veins (mean blood loss was 721 mL, and all were repaired intraoperatively). Postoperatively, 6 patients (0.8%) developed deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism (one patient had both). With respect to age, there were no significant differences in rates of intraoperative, postoperative, or combined vascular complication rates across the age group (P > 0.38). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in the mean ages of patients with versus those without vascular complications (P > 0.17).

Conclusion.
Overall incidence of vascular complications was 2.0%. No relationship between vascular complications and age was demonstrated. These data suggest that increased age may not necessarily be an absolute contraindication for anterior lumbar approach surgery.

Level of Evidence.
Level III.
Efficacy of nonsolvent flower pollen extracts in healthy women with urinary incontinence: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study
Authors: Moulin Marc , Lewis Erin D. , Crowley David C. , May Colleen E. , Evans Malkanthi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a debilitating and common condition that adversely affects quality of life. Prescriptive and surgical approaches for managing UI symptoms may result in undesirable risks and complications. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study investigated the efficacy of 2 nonsolvent flower pollen extracts on UI in healthy women.

Materials and methods
One-hundred and fourteen women aged 40–75 years who scored ≥5 on the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-SF) were randomized to receive either Graminex® RCT Fem™ UI, Graminex® PollenBerry®, or placebo for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the ICIQ-SF score between the trial and placebo groups after 24 weeks of supplementation. The secondary outcomes included changes in the frequency of nocturia (recorded in 3-day void diaries) and 24-hour leakage volume (assessed via pad weight) after 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks of supplementation and changes in stress-induced urinary leakage volume (after completion of a provocative maneuver challenge) after 24 weeks of supplementation.

Results
All the groups demonstrated improvement in ICIQ-SF scores at week 24 (p < 0.001). The RCT Fem™ UI group had the greatest improvement in ICIQ-SF scores (−4.07 ± 3.4), followed by the PollenBerry® group (−3.34 ± 2.87) and placebo group (−2.61 ± 3.52). The RCT Fem™ UI group had corresponding improvements in 24-hour leakage volume (−17.68 ± 39.84 g) and frequency of nocturia (−0.52 ± 1.26) (p ≤ 0.05). PollenBerry® supplementation significantly improved stress-induced urinary leakage volume (−7.12 ± 15.64 g) at week 24. The study products demonstrated safe hematological and chemical profiles.

Conclusions
RCT Fem™ UI supplementation resulted in significant and clinically meaningful reductions in UI severity, with corresponding improvements in daily urinary leakage volume and frequency of nocturia. PollenBerry® significantly improved stress-induced urinary leakage volume, suggesting that it may be efficacious in women who are prone to stress UI. The study products were safe and well tolerated in this population.
Assessing Direct and Spillover Effects of Intervention Packages in Network-randomized Studies
Authors: Buchanan Ashley L. , Hernández-Ramírez Raúl U. , Lok Judith J. , Vermund Sten H. , Friedman Samuel R. , Forastiere Laura , Spiegelman Donna 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Intervention packages may result in a greater public health impact than single interventions. Understanding the separate impact of each component on the overall package effectiveness can improve intervention delivery.

Methods:
We adapted an approach to evaluate the effects of a time-varying intervention package in a network-randomized study. In some network-randomized studies, only a subset of participants in exposed networks receive the intervention themselves. The spillover effect contrasts average potential outcomes if a person was not exposed to themselves under intervention in the network versus no intervention in a control network. We estimated the effects of components of the intervention package in HIV Prevention Trials Network 037, a Phase III network-randomized HIV prevention trial among people who inject drugs and their risk networks using marginal structural models to adjust for time-varying confounding. The index participant in an intervention network received a peer education intervention initially at baseline, then boosters at 6 and 12 months. All participants were followed to ascertain HIV risk behaviors.

Results:
There were 560 participants with at least one follow-up visit, 48% of whom were randomized to the intervention, and 1,598 participant visits were observed. The spillover effect of the boosters in the presence of initial peer education training was a 39% rate reduction (rate ratio = 0.61; 95% confidence interval = 0.43, 0.87).

Conclusions:
These methods will be useful for evaluating intervention packages in studies with network features.
Associations between neonicotinoids and liver function measures in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016
Authors: Godbole Amruta M. , Chen Aimin , Vuong Ann M. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Toxicological studies indicate that neonicotinoids may be associated with disruptions in liver function due to an increase in oxidative stress. There are scant epidemiological studies investigating the chronic hepatotoxic effects of neonicotinoids.

Objective:
To examine the association between detectable concentrations of parent neonicotinoids and neonicotinoid metabolites with liver function markers among US adults, and whether sex modifies this association.

Methods:
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016 data were used to estimate associations between detectable neonicotinoids and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transaminase (GGT), albumin, total bilirubin, total protein, and Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) using multiple linear regression.

Results:
Detectable levels of N-desmethyl-acetamiprid were associated with a decrease in GGT (β = −3.54 unit/l; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −6.48, −0.61) and detectable levels of 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid were associated with a decrease in HSI (β = −1.11; 95% CI = −2.14, −0.07). Sex modified the association between any parent neonicotinoid and ALP (P
int = 0.064) and the association between clothianidin and ALP (P
int = 0.019), with a pattern of positive associations in males and inverse associations in females, though stratified associations did not reach statistical significance. Sex also modified the association between 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid and total protein (P
int = 0.062), with a significant positive association in females (β = 0.14 g/dl; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.25) and a null association in males.

Conclusion:
Detectable concentrations of neonicotinoid metabolites were inversely associated with GGT and HSI in US adults. Evidence suggests neonicotinoids may influence liver function differently depending on sex. Future research is recommended to replicate the findings as the study was limited in its cross-sectional nature and inability to examine continuous neonicotinoid concentrations with liver function.
Oncoplastic Breast Conservation for Central Tumors: Definition, Classification, and the Analysis of Single Institution Experience
Authors: Zhygulin Andrii , Fedosov Artem 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Tumors in the central part of the breast are usually considered more aggressive and technically difficult, which limits breast conservation. The definition of central tumors from a surgical point of view, classification of the techniques for partial breast reconstruction, and conceptual algorithm of choice based on tumor and breast characteristics are proposed, along with the estimation of surgical and oncological safety.

Methods:
This is a retrospective analysis of the single-institution experience, with a focus on the decision-making process for choosing the oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery technique. To evaluate the safety of breast conservation for central tumors, a comparative analysis of early surgical complications and oncological long-term results of treatment in patients with central breast tumor location and other breast tumor locations was performed.

Results:
A total of 940 lumpectomies were performed in 926 patients during 15 years. The central breast tumor location group included 128 patients with 130 lumpectomies (13.8%), and the other breast tumor locations group included 798 patients with 810 lumpectomies (86.2%). We did not find any significant differences in the rate of early surgical complications and involved margins, local and systemic recurrence rates, time to progression, or overall survival between the groups.

Conclusions:
Oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery is a safe procedure for the treatment of central tumors. In our opinion, the proposed classification of partial breast reconstruction techniques and an algorithm of their choice allow for effective restoration of the breast shape and volume according to the parameters of the tumor, breast, surgeon, and patient preferences.
The Cost-effectiveness of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocols in Abdominally Based Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Bajaj Anitesh , Sarkar Prottusha , Yau Alice , Lentskevich Marina A. , Huffman Kristin N. , Williams Tokoya , Galiano Robert D. , Teven Chad M. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the cost-effectiveness of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction. Further, we reviewed the use of liposomal bupivacaine transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks in abdominal autologous reconstruction.

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus were used for literature review, and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Included articles had full-text available, included cost data, and involved use of TAP block. Reviews, case reports, or comparisons between immediate and delayed breast reconstruction were excluded. Included articles were reviewed for data highlighting treatment cost and associated length of stay (LOS). Cost and LOS were further stratified by treatment group (ERAS versus non-ERAS) and method of postoperative pain control (TAP versus non-TAP). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was used to compare the impact of the above treatments on cost and LOS.

Results:
Of the 381 initial articles, 11 were included. These contained 919 patients, of whom 421 participated in an ERAS pathway. The average ICER for ERAS pathways was $1664.45 per day (range, $952.70–$2860). Average LOS of ERAS pathways was 3.12 days versus 4.57 days for non-ERAS pathways. The average ICER of TAP blocks was $909.19 (range, $89.64–$1728.73) with an average LOS of 3.70 days for TAP blocks versus 4.09 days in controls.

Conclusions:
The use of ERAS pathways and postoperative pain control with liposomal bupivacaine TAP block during breast reconstruction is cost-effective. These interventions should be included in comprehensive perioperative plans aimed at positive outcomes with reduced costs.