bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm trial of the long‐term safety of empagliflozin treatment for refractory diabetes mellitus with insulin resistance (EMPIRE‐02)
Authors: Hirota Yushi , Kakei Yasumasa , Imai Junta , Katagiri Hideki , Ebihara Ken , Wada Jun , Suzuki Junichi , Urakami Tatsuhiko , Omori Takashi , Ogawa Wataru 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionInsulin resistance syndrome and lipoatrophic diabetes are rare conditions characterized by the development of treatment‐refractory diabetes with severe insulin resistance. We recently conducted a 24 week, multicenter, single‐arm trial (EMPIRE‐01) that demonstrated a certain level of effectiveness and safety of empagliflozin for these conditions. To evaluate treatment safety over a longer period, we have now performed an additional 28 week trial (EMPIRE‐02) that followed on from EMPIRE‐01.Materials and MethodsThe primary and secondary outcomes were safety and efficacy evaluations, respectively. All eight subjects of the EMPIRE‐01 trial participated in EMPIRE‐02.ResultsTwenty adverse events (AEs) were recorded among five individuals during the combined 52 week treatment period of both trials. Whereas one case of chronic hepatitis B was moderate in severity, all other AEs were mild. There were thus no serious AEs or events necessitating discontinuation or suspension of treatment or a reduction in drug dose. Whereas ketoacidosis or marked increases in serum ketone body levels were not observed, the mean body mass of the subjects was decreased slightly after completion of EMPIRE‐02. The improvement in mean values of glycemic parameters observed in EMPIRE‐01 was not sustained in EMPIRE‐02, mostly because of one individual whose parameters deteriorated markedly, likely as a result of nonadherence to diet therapy. The improvement in glycemic parameters was sustained during EMPIRE‐02 after exclusion of this subject from analysis.ConclusionsEmpagliflozin demonstrated a certain level of safety and efficacy for the treatment of insulin resistance syndrome and lipoatrophic diabetes over 52 weeks, confirming its potential as a therapeutic option.
Continuous production and recirculation of plasma‐activated water bubbles under different flow regimes for mixed‐species bacterial biofilm inactivation inside pipelines
Authors: Dhaliwal Harleen Kaur , Yang Xianqin , Roopesh M. S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiofilm formation in broiler drinking water systems is a public health concern. Bacterial detachment from the pipes into the drinking water subsequently increases the risk of waterborne transmission and has detrimental effects on animal and human health. The study evaluated the antimicrobial effectiveness of plasma‐activated water bubbles (PAWBs) recirculated under different flow regimes against the mixed‐species biofilms of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC13311 and Aeromonas australiensis 03‐09 grown on the inner surfaces of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. A benchtop pipeline model representing broiler drinker lines was developed to compare the biofilm inactivation efficacy of PAWB recirculated at different flow rates, corresponding to Reynold's number of 1000, 2500, and 4000. The synergistic mechanical and oxidative recirculation using PAWB resulted in a higher biofilm inactivation from the pipe walls as compared to recirculation using distilled water alone. Apart from the flow regimes, various parameters including the volume of PAWB circulated, the concentration of the major plasma reactive species, and treatment time affected the susceptibility of the mixed‐species biofilms to PAWB treatment. Under all tested conditions, the bacterial cells were below the detection limit of 1 log CFU/mL in water after PAWB treatments. A better understanding of the hydrodynamic variations prevalent in the drinking water system is important for designing an effective disinfection protocol using PAWB. The results obtained from the study provide important information on the use of PAWB for biofilm control strategies.
Personal and work‐related factors associated with post‐traumatic growth in nurses: A mixed studies systematic review
Authors: Tang Lian Kwang , Yobas Piyanee , Wong Dionne Ning Xuan , Pikkarainen Minna , Zhang Renwen , Ho Dean , He Hong‐Gu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionNurses, assuming a wide range of clinical and patient care responsibilities in a healthcare team, are highly susceptible to direct and indirect exposure to traumatic experiences. However, literature has shown that nurses with certain traits developed a new sense of personal strength in the face of adversity, known as post‐traumatic growth (PTG). This review aimed to synthesize the best available evidence to evaluate personal and work‐related factors associated with PTG among nurses.DesignMixed studies systematic review.MethodsStudies examining factors influencing PTG on certified nurses from all healthcare facilities were included. Published and unpublished studies were identified by searching 12 databases from their inception until 4th February 2023. Two reviewers independently screened, appraised, piloted a data collection form, and extracted relevant data. Meta‐summary, meta‐synthesis, meta‐analysis, as well as subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Integration of results followed result‐based convergent design.ResultsA total of 98 studies with 29,706 nurses from 18 countries were included. These included 49 quantitative, 42 qualitative, and seven mixed‐methods studies. Forty‐six influencing factors were meta‐analyzed, whereas nine facilitating factors were meta‐summarized. A PTG conceptual map was created. Four constructs emerged from the integration synthesis: (a) personal system, (b) work‐related system, (c) event‐related factors, and (d) cognitive transformation.ConclusionThe review findings highlighted areas healthcare organizations could do to facilitate PTG in nurses. Practical implications include developing intervention programs based on PTG facilitators. Further research should examine the trend of PTG and its dynamic response to different nursing factors.Clinical RelevanceResearch on trauma‐focused therapies targeting nurses' mental health is lacking. Therefore, findings from this review could inform healthcare organizations on the PTG phenomenon and developing support measures for nurses through healthcare policies and clinical practice.
Foreign shareholding and corporate environmental expenditure: Evidence from China
Authors: Luo Zhi , Yang Huanhuan , Zhang Yinuo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper estimates the effects of foreign investments on the environmental expenditure of listed companies in China by differentiating pre‐IPO foreign investors from post‐IPO foreign investors. Our findings indicate that while pre‐IPO foreign investments make significant and positive contributions, the influence of post‐IPO foreign investments is negligible. These results are particularly pronounced for enterprises that are privately owned, located in coastal China, operating in heavily polluting industries, and whose management lacks prior experience in environmental protection and international vision. Furthermore, research efforts are devoted to uncovering potential channels through which pre‐IPO foreign investments affect corporate environmental expenditure, including environmental regulations in home countries or regions, government attention to environmental issues, media coverage, and corporate financial constraints.
The market for model laws: The diffusion of NAIC model laws
Authors: Alexander Charlotte S. , Grace Martin F. , Luo Jingshu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) issues model laws to promote uniformity in the US state‐based insurance regulatory system. In this paper, we study the diffusion of 197 NAIC model laws, examining the adoption patterns and influencing factors. Employing a network algorithm, we uncover the underlying network over which model laws spread. The NAIC plays a central role in this network, and its influence increases over time. Additionally, we explore factors affecting states' model law adoptions from three perspectives: the laws' attributes, the states' internal characteristics, and external influences. We find that a law's attributes play a key role. Model laws characterized by low complexity, distinct from existing state laws, mandated for accreditation compliance, and recently amended are more likely to be adopted. While we do not find significant impacts of various state‐internal characteristics, our results reveal that states follow geographic and ideological neighbors in adopting model laws.
Psychological inflexibility as a predictor associated with insomnia
Authors: El Rafihi‐Ferreira Renatha , Linares Ila Marques Porto , Paulos‐Guarnieri Léo , Zakiei Ali 
Published: May 2024

SummaryPsychological flexibility has recently attracted the attention of researchers in the field of sleep disorders; therefore, in the study, psychological flexibility was evaluated as a predictor or factor related to the presence/severity of insomnia. We included 2218 individuals selected from the randomized–control trial for behavioural therapy for insomnia and cross‐sectional studies, including 1797 individuals with insomnia and 421 controls without insomnia. All participants completed the DSM‐5‐based insomnia diagnosis interview, Insomnia Severity Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Acceptance Action Questionnaire‐II. Linear regression and multinomial logistic regression models were used. Sex, education, occupation, marital status, anxiety, depression and psychological inflexibility were possible predictors or factors associated with the severity of insomnia. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that sex (𝛽 = 0.88; t = 2.80; p = 0.005), depression (𝛽  = 0.41; t = 10.7; p < 0.001), anxiety (𝛽  = 0.58; t = 14.1; p < 0.001) and psychological inflexibility (𝛽  = 0.09; t = 5.07; p < 0.001) were predictors of insomnia. The results of the multinomial logistic regression demonstrate that, in comparison to the absence of insomnia, insomnia at all levels (mild, moderate and severe) was associated with sex, anxiety and depression. Psychological inflexibility was only associated with severe insomnia (odds ratio = 1.04). These findings are important from a public health perspective because behavioural strategies designed to treat insomnia with a focus on psychological flexibility are low‐cost and may help improve sleep quality in adults with insomnia, which also influences mental health.
Salivary metabolomic identification of biomarker candidates for oral melanoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma in dogs
Authors: Ploypetch Sekkarin , Luo Xian , Zhao Shuang , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Li Liang , Suriyaphol Gunnaporn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundOral melanoma (OM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are frequently diagnosed in dogs, presenting a challenge in distinguishing them from benign oral tumors (BN). Salivary metabolomic biomarkers offer a practical solution because of saliva's direct contact with tumors and the noninvasive nature of collection.ObjectiveAssess the diversity and abundance of the salivary metabolome in dogs with BN, OM, and OSCC using amine/phenol submetabolome analysis and high‐performance chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (CIL LC‐MS).AnimalsStudy included 11 BN, 24 OM, 10 OSCC, and 20 healthy control dogs.MethodsCase‐control cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess salivary submetabolic profiles in dogs with BN, OM, and OSCC and healthy dogs. Samples were labeled with 12C‐dansyl chloride and analyzed using CIL LC‐MS targeted to amine‐ and phenol‐containing metabolites for amine/phenol submetabolome analysis.ResultsDistinct clusters and significant differences in metabolite concentrations were observed among the oral cancer, BN, and control groups. A total of 154 and 66 metabolites showed significantly altered concentrations, particularly in OM and OSCC, respectively, when compared with BN (Padj < .05). Potential metabolic biomarkers were identified for each cancer, including decreased concentrations of seryl‐arginine and sarcosine in OSCC. Moreover, high‐confidence putative metabolites were identified, including an increase in tryptophyl‐threonine and a decrease in 1,2‐dihydroxynapthalene‐6‐sulfonic acid and hydroxyprolyl‐hydroxyproline for OM.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe identified high coverage of the amine/phenol submetabolome, including seryl‐arginine, and sarcosine, in OSCC. Our findings emphasize the potential of these biomarkers for distinguishing between oral OSCC and BN in dogs.
Proactive Language Learning Theory
Authors: Papi Mostafa , Hiver Phil 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSecond language acquisition theory has traditionally focused on the cognitive and psycholinguistic processes involved in additional language (L2) learning. In addition, research on learner psychology has primarily centered on learners’ cognitive abilities (e.g., aptitude and working memory) and internal traits or states (e.g., dispositions, motivations, and affect). Language learning behavior, however, has remained largely neglected and under‐theorized. To address this gap, this paper proposes the proactive language learning theory, which delineates the agentic and strategic behaviors that learners employ to learn an additional language. These behaviors include input‐seeking behavior, interaction‐seeking behavior, information‐seeking behavior, and feedback‐seeking behavior. This paper presents theoretical arguments supporting the proposal, describes the four behavioral dimensions of the theory, and outlines general hypotheses concerning the contextual and learner‐related antecedents of these behaviors and their effects on L2 outcomes. Finally, the potential implications of this theory for advancing our understanding of L2 learning and instruction are discussed.
The Tree of Life eDNA metabarcoding reveals a similar taxonomic richness but dissimilar evolutionary lineages between seaports and marine reserves
Authors: Macé Bastien , Mouillot David , Dalongeville Alicia , Bruno Morgane , Deter Julie , Varenne Alix , Gudefin Anaïs , Boissery Pierre , Manel Stéphanie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCoastal areas host a major part of marine biodiversity but are seriously threatened by ever‐increasing human pressures. Transforming natural coastlines into urban seascapes through habitat artificialization may result in loss of biodiversity and key ecosystem functions. Yet, the extent to which seaports differ from nearby natural habitats and marine reserves across the whole Tree of Life is still unknown. This study aimed to assess the level of α and β‐diversity between seaports and reserves, and whether these biodiversity patterns are conserved across taxa and evolutionary lineages. For that, we used environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to survey six seaports on the French Mediterranean coast and four strictly no‐take marine reserves nearby. By targeting four different groups—prokaryotes, eukaryotes, metazoans and fish—with appropriate markers, we provide a holistic view of biodiversity on contrasted habitats. In the absence of comprehensive reference databases, we used bioinformatic pipelines to gather similar sequences into molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). In contrast to our expectations, we obtained no difference in MOTU richness (α‐diversity) between habitats except for prokaryotes and threatened fishes with higher diversity in reserves than in seaports. However, we observed a marked dissimilarity (β‐diversity) between seaports and reserves for all taxa. Surprisingly, this biodiversity signature of seaports was preserved across the Tree of Life, up to the order. This result reveals that seaports and nearby marine reserves share few taxa and evolutionary lineages along urbanized coasts and suggests major differences in terms of ecosystem functioning between both habitats.
Pushing, standing and bringing to light: How medical trainees conceptualise professional resistance
Authors: Konopasky Abigail , Ma Ting Lan , Wyatt Tasha R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMuch of the literature on harm and injustice in medical education focuses on the impact of oppression rather than trainees' efforts to create change. To acknowledge and make visible these efforts, medical education professionals must grasp how trainees perceive resistance and their role in effecting change. Employing functional linguistic and ‘everyday’ resistance theories, this critical qualitative study aims to understand trainees' conceptions of resistance practices and their representational choices in moments when they talked about and conceptualised resistance.MethodsGathering participants through professional networks and snowball sampling, this study employed in‐depth interviews to explore the conceptualisations of resistance among North American medical trainees (9 medical students, 9 residents and fellows). With the use of an applied functional linguistic analysis framework, we analysed the representational metafunction in trainees' conceptualisation of their resistance efforts against social injustice. We began with open coding for ‘everyday’ acts of resistance and then shifted to focused coding on verbal process types in participants' language to characterise their conceptualisations of resistance.FindingsParticipants conceptualised their resistance practices in three distinct ways: first, an almost physical pushing back, drawing largely on material process types (doing); second, an embodied standing up and being present, based predominantly on material and relational process types (being); and third, an epistemic bringing to light, grounded mostly in mental and verbal process types (thinking). These processes of resistance reflect participants' conceptualisations of their efforts to challenge the status quo around inequity, harm and injustice in medical education.ConclusionThis study builds on resistance literature, offering a potential typology of resistance practices as pushing back, being and bringing to light. Because these are ‘everyday’ acts of resistance, these are tactics available to everyone, including faculty; we all have the power to resist, whether it is in teaching and learning or interacting with larger structures in medicine.
Unlikely Alliances: How the Wars in Karabakh And Gaza Shape Northwest Asian Security
Authors: Souleimanov Emil A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes how ongoing conflicts in the Levant and the post‐Soviet South Caucasus have upset the balance of relationships among Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Israel, Turkey, and Russia—and how this could escalate into a major, cross‐regional war. Azerbaijan's military victories of 2020 and 2023 over the Armenia‐occupied, separatist republic of Nagorno‐Karabakh have antagonized Iran, which has seen these gains, coupled with Baku's increasingly revanchist rhetoric, as a major threat to regional security. With Armenia left on its own by its Russian ally, and with Turkey's and Israel's backing of Azerbaijan, the Gaza war has driven Iran to see Baku as a dangerous “Israeli asset.” However, the Palestine conflict has also sparked a rift between Turkey and Israel, throwing into question Baku's strength. If the militarist rhetoric of Azerbaijani elites leads the state to invade its weakened neighbor Armenia, this will increase the potential for a military confrontation between the two Shiite nations of Azerbaijan and Iran, with Armenia, Turkey, Israel, and Russia likely to be dragged in.
The immune interactions of gut glycans and microbiota in health and disease
Authors: Demirturk Mahmut , Cinar Mukaddes Sena , Avci Fikri Y. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe human digestive system harbors a vast diversity of commensal bacteria and maintains a symbiotic relationship with them. However, imbalances in the gut microbiota accompany various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancers (CRCs), which significantly impact the well‐being of populations globally. Glycosylation of the mucus layer is a crucial factor that plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostatic environment in the gut. This review delves into how the gut microbiota, immune cells, and gut mucus layer work together to establish a balanced gut environment. Specifically, the role of glycosylation in regulating immune cell responses and mucus metabolism in this process is examined.
Effect of body mass index on exercise capacity following pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Wang Alan P. , Ward Kendra , Griffith Garett , Gambetta Katheryn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundObesity and impaired exercise tolerance following heart transplantation increase the risk of post‐transplant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body mass index on markers of exercise capacity in pediatric heart transplant recipients and compare this effect with a healthy pediatric cohort.MethodsA retrospective analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise test data between 2004 and 2022 was performed. All patients exercised on a treadmill using the Bruce protocol. Inclusion criteria included patients aged 6–21 years, history of heart transplantation (transplant cohort) or no cardiac diagnosis (control cohort) at the time of testing, and a maximal effort test. Patients were further stratified within these two cohorts as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese based on body mass index groups. Two‐way analyses of variance were performed with diagnosis and body mass index category as the independent variables.ResultsA total of 250 exercise tests following heart transplant and 1963 exercise tests of healthy patients were included. Heart transplant patients across all body mass index groups had higher resting heart rate and lower maximal heart rate, heart rate recovery at 1 min, exercise duration, and peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak). Heart transplant patients in the normal and overweight body mass index categories had higher VO2peak and exercise duration when compared to underweight and obese patients.ConclusionUnderweight status and obesity are strongly associated with lower VO2peak and exercise duration in heart transplant patients. Normal and overweight heart transplant patients had the best markers of exercise capacity.
Improvement of starvation resistance via periodic fasting is genetically variable in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Lenhart Benedict A. , Ahsan Ayesha , McHaty Margaret , Bergland Alan O. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganisms subjected to periodic nutrient limitation early in life exhibit improvements in aspects of survival, including resistance to some environmental stressors. Recent findings indicate that forms of periodic fasting, such as intermittent fasting and time‐restricted feeding, can improve starvation resistance. However, it remains unclear to what extent this survival improvement persists across different genetic backgrounds. In this study, we examine fasting‐induced starvation resistance across a broad survey of wild‐derived lineages and document genetic variation within this trait. We adopt a standard dietary intervention and show improvement in starvation resistance within a common laboratory lineage, replicating previous results. Next, we examine fasting‐induced starvation resistance across isofemale lines collected across latitudes and in different seasons, and among inbred lines derived from flies collected on different continents. We discover genetic variation of fasting‐induced starvation resistance and show that fasting improved starvation resistance as often as it worsened starvation resistance. Fasted flies generally showed reduced fat concentration, and their starvation survival varied with sex, season of collection and geographic origin. While specific lineages common to the laboratory can show a specific fasting‐induced phenotype, we show that this result is not consistent across genetic backgrounds, reinforcing the idea that phenotypes observed in historic laboratory strains may not be conserved across a species.