bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vijf kinderportretten door Dirck Santvoort
Authors: Ekkart Rudolf E.O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA portrait of a young girl with a flute, painted by the Amsterdam artist Dirck Dircksz. Santvoort, has been in the Cleveland Museum of Art since 1975 (fig.1). An inscription on the back of the unsigned painting states that the portrayed child is 'Elisabeth Spiegel'. The museum catalogue relates this painting with two other portraits of children: another unsigned one of a girl with fruit (fig. 3) and a signed painting, dated 1639, of a girl with a dog and a mirror (fig. 2). A fourth work can be added to these three, a picture of a child with a bird perched on her hand, in the National Gallery in London (fig. 4). Contrary to previous assumptions that it was painted in 1630 or 1631, it can now be dated in 1639. The choice of attributes suggest, as was recently intimated by Peter Sutton, that these portraits belong to a series of the Five Senses, the Cleveland painting representing Hearing, and the girls with fruit, the dog and mirror, and the bird picturing Taste, Sight and Touch. The fifth sense, Smell, is probably symbolized in a painting in the museum in Rodez (fig. 5), showing a girl dressed as a shepherdess with a wreath of flowers. Parallels of all depictions of the Senses arc to be found in series of prints and paintings from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Pictures of the Senses in portraits are fairly rare, and were of course only painted when a series of exactly five portraits was required, for instance by a family with five children. An investigation of the Spiegel family confirms the identification given here, yielding the information that in 1638/1639 Elbert Dircksz. Spiegel and Petronella Rocters had five daughters. The portrayed children are Rebecca (fig. 3), Elisabeth (fig. I), Petronella (fig. 5), Margaretha (fig. 2) and Geertruyt Spiegel (fig. 4), born respectively in 1625, 1628, 1630, 1631 and 1635. Evidence that the descendants of the sisters portrayed by Santvoort upheld the tradition of the Five Senses theme in the late seventeenth century is supplied bv an old inventory of a series of portraits of five children from the Slicher family. The respective mothers of their parents, Elbert Slicher and Catharina dc Hochepied, were Elisabeth and Geertruyt Spiegel.
Pieter Cornelisz. van Egmondt, een kennismaking
Authors: Meijer Fred G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt appears that the Leiden archives contain a considerable amount of data on the obscure Leiden painter Pieter Cornelisz. van Egmondt. The dates of his birth and death cannot be ascertained, although he must have been born between 1614 and 1622, and died in or soon after 1664. Paintings by Van Egmondt mentioned in some seventeenth century inventories were unidentifiable. A painting auctioned in Leiden in 1778, however, could be traced (fig. i). Comparative research and the recognition of his signaturc on a few works make it possible to attribute nine paintings, most of them small formats, to Pieter Cornelisz. van Egmondt. On five of them the painter portrayed himself, invariably in a studio or with a painter's attributes (figs. 3 - 7). The others arc fairly simple genre scenes (figs. 1, 2 and 11) and a representation of St. Peter (fig. 8). Stylistically, Van Egmondt's work may be placed in the school of Gcrard Dou, whose early work in particular seems to have influenced Van Egmondt's development.
Enige onuitgegeven brieven van Willem Roelofs aan Carel vosmaer
Authors: Rappard W.F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the Vosmaer family archives (General State Archives, The Hague) are a few letters written by the painter Willem Roelofs to the man of letters Carel Vosmaer between 1863 and 1882. The letters indicate that Roclofs and Vosmaer were already on friendly terms while the former was living in Brussels. Six of the letters are quoted in full in this article. A letter of 1863 refers to a report drawn up by Vosmaer for Minister Thorbecke concerning the purchase of works of modern art for the government. In the same letter Roelofs intimates that his sojourn in Brussels was disappointing. In 1869 he endorsed the views expressed by Jozef Israels under a pseudonym in a magazine article, putting forward his (Israels') ideas about the modern artist's task as opposed to former, outdated notions. In his article, Israels advocated the depiction of visible reality instead of subjects clictated by literature and historical science. The article appeared in De Nederlandshz Spectator, of which Vosmaer was an editor. For another issue of the same journal that year Roelofs sketched a megalithic tomb in Tinaarlo (fig. 2), with a caption protesting at the destruction of such monuments. The following year Roelofs asked Vosmaer's advice on the establishment of a society for the cultivation of etching'. After the appearance of Vosmaer's biography of Roelofs in the magazine Eigen Haard in 1879, the painter apprised him in a letter of a few errors, providing important additional information about his artistic work and detailed study of beetles. Vosmaer incorporated this information in an issue of Onze hedendaagsche schilders devoted to Roelofs in 1882, for which the artist supplied the illustrations. A letter prompted by the galley proofs contains Roelofs' observations on a few technical aspects of his watercolours.
Dirk Daniëlsz. van Noortich en Tielman Jacobsz. Oem van Wijngaarden
Authors: De Moor Geertruida 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDirk Danielsz. van Noortich, born in or around 1466 and dcpicted on the 'Epitaphium van wingacrden ons Heren aent cruis', now in the Catharijneconvent Museum, Utrecht, was appointed chaplain in Den Burg on the island of Texel in 1495. From 1497/ 98 until his death in 1504 he was the pastor of Sabbinge in the province of Zeeland. The Texcl post was probably due to the influence of the Leeuwenhorst sisters and members of his family, all of whom were connected with the instance which had the giving of the capelry in Den Burg the Hague court chapel. Dirk van Noortich presented a window to the Leeuwenhorst convent near Noordwijk(erhout), with which his family was closely linked. The family of another donor of the epitaph, Ticlman Jacobsz Oem van Wijngaarden, also had close ties with the Cistercian convent of Leeuwenhorst.
Calvaerts oefeningen met spiegelbeeldigheid
Authors: Kloek Wouter Th. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNot only do Denys Calvaert's paintings and drawings often featurc duplications of compositions or parts of compositions; figures and indeed entire compositions in mirror image repeatedly occur. In his drawings the artist made use of the counter-proof; he drew on the front and back of the paper, experimenting with various techniques and styles. Some of Calvaert's extant drawings were evidently intended as instructional material for pupils. He is known to have been the first artist to run an academy in Bologna. Drawings with indications of proportions, and a copy in which the model has been corrected, undoubtedly belonged to the teaching material in Calvaert's academy. He may have demonstrated mirror-image repetition in a different technique to his pupils as an aid to preparing a composition, a procedure which he himself had doubtlessly employed before.
Jan Anthony d'Averhoult door Louis-Léopold Boilly: de geschiedenis achter een ongewoon portret
Authors: Boon Bart 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe soldier and politician Jan Anthony d'Averhoult (1756-1792) was portrayed in 1792 (or perhaps posthumously, but no later than 1793) by Louis-Léopold Boilly (1761 - 1845). On the basis of new data the author reconstructs the exceptional circumstances under which the portrait was painted and adds vital data to the sitter's biography. Jan Anthony d'Averhoult played an prominent role in his native city of Utrecht during the Batavian revolution. In 1788 he was forced to flee to France, where he was naturalized and embarked on a second career. In January 1702 he briefly held the office of president of the Assemblée Nationale, in which capacity he was portrayed by Boilly. Reports of his parliamentary speeches and actions are to be found in the Archives parlementaires (note 9). Like his friend and kindred spirit La Fayette, d'Averhoult was in favour of the constitutional monarchy. In the summer of 1792 the monarchist cause was lost. D'Averhoult attempted to flee north, but died a violent death on August 26 1792. Few details about his relationship with his aunt, Josina Bcnjamina d'Averhoult (1724- 1807), are divulged in the literature pertaining to d'Averhoult. After a family tragedy in his childhood she became a significant factor in his life and she accompanied him to France in 1788. A receipt shows that she paid for his portrait in 1793, and that François Vitto Elia, an Amsterdam art dealer, acted as an intermediary (note 28). In view of the close ties between the aunt and her nephew it is not unlikely that she commissioned the portrait. She had it framed, probably along with a pair of portraits of her parents, painted in 1721 by Constantijn Netscher, published here for the first time. Boilly's portrait stayed in the family until it was bequeathed to the Centraal Museum, Utrecht, in 1980.
Preaching Scripture Under Pressure in Tridentine Italy: a Case Study of Gabriele Fiamma
Authors: Michelson Emily 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAs the forces of Catholic reform brought bishops back to their dioceses in sixteenth-century Italy, the act of preaching came to denote very different activities for mendicants preaching to the elite and for secular clerics first learning to preach to the uneducated. One preacher, however, the Augustinian Gabriele Fiamma, demonstrates that this gulf was not unbridgeable. Fiamma wrote both extremely ornate sermons and simple guides for secular clerics, even though he himself was not a bishop at the time. In addition, he continued to make the teaching of Scripture central to both kinds of preaching. Fiamma's decisions demonstrate that preachers, as conveyers of orthodox doctrine and religious education, not only remained central to Catholic identity in the post-Tridentine era but helped to reinforce that identity by embracing different Catholic audiences within their purview.
Uncertainties in Microwave Properties of Frozen Precipitation: Implications for Remote Sensing and Data Assimilation
Authors: Kulie Mark S. , Bennartz Ralf , Greenwald Thomas J. , Chen Yong , Weng Fuzhong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA combined active/passive modeling system that converts CloudSat observations to simulated microwave brightness temperatures (TB) is used to assess different ice particle models under precipitating conditions. Simulation results indicate that certain ice models (e.g., low-density spheres) produce excessive scattering and implausibly low simulated TBs for stratiform precipitation events owing to excessive derived ice water paths (IWPs), while other ice models produce unphysical TB depressions due to the combined effects of elevated derived IWP and excessive particle size distribution–averaged extinction. An ensemble of nonspherical ice particle models, however, consistently produces realistic results under most circumstances and adequately captures the radiative properties of frozen hydrometeors associated with precipitation—with the possible exception of very high IWP events. Large derived IWP uncertainties exceeding 60% are also noted and may indicate IWP retrieval accuracy deficiencies using high-frequency passive microwave observations. Simulated TB uncertainties due to the ice particle model ensemble members approach 9 (5) K at 89 (157) GHz for high ice water path conditions associated with snowfall and ∼2–3 (∼1–2) K under typical stratiform rain conditions. These uncertainties, however, display considerable variability owing to ice water path, precipitation type, satellite zenith angle, and frequency. Comparisons between 157-GHz simulations and observations under precipitating conditions produce low biases (&lt;1.5 K) and high correlations, but lower-frequency channels display consistent negative biases of 3–4 K in precipitating regions. Sample error correlations and covariance matrices for select microwave frequencies also show strong functional relationships with ice water path and variability depending on precipitation type.
Interdecadal Variability of the Eastward Current in the South China Sea Associated with the Summer Asian Monsoon
Authors: Wang Guihua , Wang Chunzai , Huang Rui Xin 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) dataset and three types of Sverdrup streamfunction, an interdecadal variability of the eastward current in the middle South China Sea (SCS) during summer is identified. Both the pattern and strength of the summer Asian monsoon wind stress curl over the SCS contribute to the interdecadal variability of this current. From 1960 to 1979, the monsoon intensified and the zero wind stress curl line shifted southward. Both the core of positive wind stress curl in the northern SCS and the negative curl in the southern SCS moved southward and thus induced a southward shift of both the southern anticyclonic and northern cyclonic gyres, resulting in a southward displacement of the eastward current associated with these two gyres. In the meantime, the southern (northern) SCS anticyclonic (cyclonic) ocean gyre weakened (strengthened) and therefore also induced the southward shift of the eastward current near the intergyre boundary. In contrast, the eastward current shifted northward from 1980 to 1998 because the monsoon relaxed and the zero wind stress curl line shifted northward. After 1998, the eastward jet moved southward again as the zero wind stress curl line shifted southward and the SCS monsoon strengthened. The eastward current identified from the baroclinic streamfunction moved about 1.7° more southward than that from the barotropic streamfunction, indicating that the meridional position of the eastward current is depth dependent.
Evaluation of Snowpack Simulations over the Canadian Rockies with an Experimental Hydrometeorological Modeling System
Authors: Carrera Marco L. , Bélair Stéphane , Fortin Vincent , Bilodeau Bernard , Charpentier Dorothée , Doré Isabelle 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
To improve the representation of the land surface in their operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, the Meteorological Research Division of Environment Canada (EC) is developing an external hydrometeorological modeling and data assimilation system. The objective of this study is to verify the improvement in simulating snow cover extent (SCE) and snow water equivalent (SWE) over the Canadian Rockies with this new modeling system. This study will be an important first step in determining the optimal configuration of the land surface model and atmospheric forcing for a future operational implementation. Simulated SCE is compared with the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) analysis, while simulated SWE values are verified against a series of manual snow survey sites located within the Canadian Rockies. Results show that land surface model simulations of SCE and SWE were sensitive to precipitation forcing. Simulations at both low and high resolution forced with EC’s experimental precipitation analysis were found to underestimate SCE and SWE values. Mountain snowpack retreated too early during the spring melt period. Precipitation forcing derived from EC’s short-range NWP model resulted in improved values for both SCE and SWE, which also contributed to higher contributions to streamflow. Terrain adjusting the atmospheric forcing data was found to be important for properly modeling local extreme SWE values. A comparison with available precipitation observations over the Canadian Rockies region found EC’s experimental precipitation analysis to possess a negative precipitation bias that increases with increasing elevation.
Multifunction Phased-Array Radar: Time Balance Scheduler for Adaptive Weather Sensing
Authors: Reinoso-Rondinel Ricardo , Yu Tian-You , Torres Sebastián 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Phased-array radars (PARs) have the capability of instantaneously and dynamically controlling beam position on a pulse-by-pulse basis, which allows a single radar to perform multiple functions, such as tracking multiple storms or weather and aviation surveillance. Moreover, these tasks can be carried out with different update times to achieve the goal of better characterizing and forecasting the storms of interest. However, these tasks usually compete for finite radar resources, and scheduling algorithms are often needed to address resource contention. To capitalize on the PAR capabilities, an algorithm based on the concept of time balance (TB) is developed for adaptive weather sensing. Two quality measures are introduced to quantify the gain of adaptive sensing relative to standard scanning patterns used by the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D). A simulation experiment is performed to demonstrate the advantages of adaptive sensing and to test and verify the performance of the TB scheduling algorithm. It is shown that the gain of adaptive sensing can be realized by the TB scheduler; that is, storms of interest can be revisited more frequently within a relatively short period time compared to conventional scanning.
Fibular Collateral Ligament Anatomical Reconstructions
Authors: LaPrade Robert F. , Spiridonov Stanislav I. , Coobs Benjamin R. , Ruckert Paul R. , Griffith Chad J. 
Published: July 2010

Background After the development and biomechanical validation of an anatomical fibular collateral ligament reconstruction using a semitendinosus graft, this technique has subsequently been applied clinically. Hypothesis An anatomical reconstruction of a grade III fibular collateral ligament tear using a semitendinosus graft restores the knee to near-normal lateral compartment stability and results in improved patient outcomes. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods A prospective study of 20 patients with an average age of 24 years (range, 16-45 years) who had an anatomical reconstruction of the fibular collateral ligament using a semitendinosus graft was performed. All patients were preoperatively and postoperatively evaluated with the modified Cincinnati and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scoring systems, with the IKDC objective subscores for lateral and posterolateral knee stability and with varus stress radiographs. The patients were followed for an average of 2 years. Results Sixteen patients were available for follow-up. Six of the patients had an isolated fibular collateral ligament reconstruction. The average preoperative modified Cincinnati score was 28.2, and the average IKDC subjective score was 34.7. Postoperatively, there was a significant improvement of both the modified Cincinnati score (to 88.5) and the IKDC subjective outcome score (to 88.1). The Cincinnati component symptom and functional subscores were also evaluated. The average preoperative symptom subscore was 9.1 and the functional subscore was 19.1. Postoperatively, there was a significant improvement in both scores; symptom subscores improved to 43.0 and functional subscores improved to 45.5. Preoperative varus stress radiographs demonstrated an average differential of 3.9 mm (range, 2.5-6.2 mm) of lateral compartment gapping between the injured and noninjured knee. At an average of 2 years postoperatively, varus stress radiographs demonstrated an average side-to-side lateral compartment gap differential of —0.4 mm. Conclusion An anatomical fibular collateral ligament reconstruction using a semitendinosus graft results in improved patient outcomes and near-normal lateral compartment stability in patients with grade III injuries of the fibular collateral ligament.
Midterm Follow-up of Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: DeMeo Patrick J. , Johnson Eric M. , Chiang Peter P. , Flamm Angela M. , Miller Mark C. 
Published: July 2010

Background High tibial osteotomy is a valuable option for patients with varus gonarthrosis. To avoid difficulties with closing-wedge osteotomies, medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomies have been advocated. Hypothesis Opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy is a good option in highly active patients with varus gonarthrosis who would like to delay or prevent progression to total knee arthroplasty without activity restrictions. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Twenty consecutive patients with varus gonarthrosis were treated with a medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy using the Puddu plate and allograft bone graft for a prospective study (14 men and 6 women; average age, 49.4 years [range, 36-67 years]). Gait analysis was performed preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. Preoperative radiographs, subjective ratings, and knee scores (Lysholm and Hospital for Special Surgery [HSS] scores) were obtained. At 2 years postoperatively and at the latest follow-up visit (average, 8.3 years), the subjective ratings and knee scores were repeated. Results Gait analysis revealed an abnormal weightbearing pattern preoperatively with the vertical ground-reaction force. The postoperative vertical ground-reaction force revealed a normal double peak pattern. The preoperative adduction moment was 29% greater than the 6-month postoperative adduction moment. The preoperative varus averaged 3.6° and was corrected to an average of 7.5° of valgus postoperatively. All patients subjectively rated their preoperative knee as poor. At 2 years postoperatively, most patients (14) rated their knee as good, with 5 excellent and only 1 fair rating. The average preoperative Lysholm and HSS knee scores were 54.2 and 75.9, respectively, compared with the 2-year postoperative averages of 89.1 and 92.7, respectively. At 8 years postoperatively, there was 70% survivorship with 42% of patients rating their knees as good or excellent. Five patients (25%) had undergone total knee arthroplasty. Lysholm and HSS knee scores were 83.0 and 86.8, respectively, for the surviving knees at 8 years postoperatively. Conclusion Medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy produces good results in the midterm. After the osteotomy, a more normal appearing weightbearing pattern with double peaks was seen. The adduction moment significantly decreased, resulting in less contact pressure through the medial degenerative compartment of the knee. The authors recommend medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy for young patients with varus alignment and medial compartment arthritis to allow this patient population to remain highly active and delay progression to total knee arthroplasty without activity restrictions.