bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical study of the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve using ultrasonography
Authors: Le Corroller Thomas , Lagier Aude , Pirro Nicolas , Champsaur Pierre 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntroduction:The purpose of this study was to determine whether ultrasonography allows precise assessment of the course and relations of the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve.Methods:This work, initially undertaken in 5 cadavers, was followed by high‐resolution ultrasonographic study in 10 healthy volunteers. The location and relations of the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve to the adjacent anatomical structures were analyzed. The course of the nerve was classified according to its relation to the sartorius muscle as posterior or penetrating.Results:The infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve could be identified consistently along the majority of its course by ultrasonography. Useful landmarks for the detection of the nerve could be defined. Some anatomical variations were noted.Conclusions:The infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve can be depicted by ultrasonography. Precise mapping of its anatomical course may have significant clinical applications. Muscle Nerve 44: 50–54, 2011
Palliative care services in families of males with duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Arias Rebeca , Andrews Jennifer , Pandya Shree , Pettit Kathleen , Trout Christina , Apkon Susan , Karwoski Jane , Cunniff Christopher , Matthews Dennis , Miller Timothy , Davis Melinda F. , Meaney F. John 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Palliative care services that address physical pain and emotional, psychosocial, and spiritual needs may benefit individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods: The objective of this study was to describe the palliative care services that families of males with DMD report they receive. A questionnaire was administered to families of males with DMD born prior to January 1, 1982. Thirty‐four families responded. Results: Most families (85%) had never heard the term palliative care. Only attendant care and skilled nursing services showed much usage, with 44% and 50% indicating receipt of these services, respectively. Receipt of other services was reported less frequently: pastoral care (27%); respite care (18%); pain management (12%); and hospice care (6%). Only 8 respondents (25%) reported having any type of directive document in place. Conclusion: The data suggest a need for improved awareness of palliative care and related services among families of young men with DMD. Muscle Nerve 44: 93–101, 2011
Anti‐musk antibody myasthenia gravis: Clinical findings and response to treatment in two large cohorts
Authors: Guptill Jeffrey T. , Sanders Donald B. , Evoli Amelia 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with autoantibodies to muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) represent a distinct subset of those with this disease. Treatment and outcomes data in these patients are limited and conflicting. Methods: We reviewed 110 MuSK‐MG patients from two large clinics in Italy and the USA. Results: Thirty‐nine to 49% of patients with generalized, acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR‐Ab)–negative MG had MuSK‐MG. Eighty‐five percent were female, with disease onset typically in the fourth decade. Ocular and/or bulbar symptoms were present at onset in 79% of those studied. Eighty‐five percent were MGFA class III or greater, and crisis occurred in 28%. Plasma exchange (PLEX) produced improvement in 93%, whereas only 61% improved after intravenous immunoglobulin. Long‐term outcomes were comparable to those of patients with AChR‐Ab–positive MG. Conclusions: MuSK‐MG has a marked female predominance with frequent oculobulbar weakness and crises. Many patients deteriorate rapidly early in the disease, and PLEX is usually the preferred treatment. Long‐term outcomes are similar to those of patients with AChR‐Ab+ MG. Muscle Nerve 44: 36–40, 2011
Accuracy of electromyography needle placement in cadavers: Non‐guided vs. ultrasound guided
Authors: Boon Andrea J. , Oney‐Marlow Theresa M. , Murthy Naveen S. , Harper Charles M. , McNamara Terrence R. , Smith Jay 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Accuracy of needle electromyography is typically ensured by use of anatomical landmarks and auditory feedback related to voluntary activation of the targeted muscle; however, in certain clinical situations, landmarks may not be palpable, auditory feedback may be limited or not present, and targeting a specific muscle may be more critical. In such settings, image guidance might significantly enhance accuracy.Methods:Two electromyographers with different levels of experience examined 14 muscles in each of 4 fresh‐frozen cadaver lower limbs. Each muscle was tested a total of eight times; four fine wires were inserted without ultrasound (US) guidance and four were inserted under US guidance. Overall accuracy as well as accuracy rates for the individual electromyographers were calculated.Results:Non‐guided needle placement was significantly less accurate than US‐guided needle placement, particularly in the hands of less experienced electromyographers, supporting the use of real‐time US guidance in certain challenging situations in the electromyography laboratory. Muscle Nerve 44: 45–49, 2011
Vibration from a riveting hammer causes severe nerve damage in the rat tail model
Authors: Raju Sandya Govinda , Rogness Olaf , Persson Magnus , Bain James , Riley Danny 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Hand–arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is an occupational neurodegenerative and vasospastic disorder in workers who use powered hand tools. Frequency weighting (ISO 5349) predicts little risk of injury for frequencies >500 HZ. Potentially damaging high frequencies abound in impact tool–generated shock waves. Methods: A rat tail impact vibration model was developed to deliver shock‐wave vibration from a riveting hammer to simulate bucking bar exposure. Rat tails were vibrated continuously for 12 min. Tail flick withdrawal times were determined for noxious heat. Nerve trunks and skin were processed for light and electron microscopy. Results: Immediately after vibration, the tails were hyperalgesic and had disrupted myelinated axons, fragmented nerve endings, and mast‐cell degranulation. By 4 days, the tails were hypoalgesic; nerve endings were lost in the skin. Conclusions: Shock‐wave vibration causes severe nerve damage. Frequency weighting seriously underestimates the risk of nerve injury with impact tools. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Prospective study of the impact on quality of life of cystectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion for neurogenic bladder dysfunction
Authors: Guillotreau Julien , Castel‐Lacanal Evelyne , Roumiguié Mathieu , Bordier Benoit , Doumerc Nicolas , De Boissezon Xavier , Malavaud Bernard , Marque Philippe , Rischmann Pascal , Gamé Xavier 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectivesNeurogenic bladder dysfunction has a negative impact on the patient's quality of life (QoL). Cystectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion is a treatment option in patients in failure after conservative management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of ileal conduit urinary diversion on the QoL of patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.Materials and MethodsFrom March 2004 to November 2010, 48 patients (36 women and 12 men with a mean age of 50.6 ± 11.8 years) treated by cystectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion for neurogenic bladder dysfunction, prospectively completed, before and after surgery, two self‐administered QoL questionnaires. Neurological diseases were multiple sclerosis in 38 cases, spinal cord injury in 7 cases, and other neurological disease in 3 cases. Cystectomy was performed by laparoscopy in all patients. QoL was measured by using two self‐administered questionnaires, one questionnaire specific for urinary disorders validated in neurological patients, Qualiveen®, and the generic SF36‐v2® questionnaire. Data were compared by Student's t test.ResultsComparison of the Qualiveen® self‐administered questionnaire scores and indices before and after surgery showed that, after surgery, patients presented a significant reduction of limitations (0.57 ± 0.64 vs. 1.55 ± 1.35, P < 0.001), constraints (2.12 ± 0.83 vs. 2.64 ± 1.12, P = 0.046) scores and the SIUP index (1.29 ± 0.65 vs. 1.79 ± 0.95, P = 0.015). No significant change in SF36‐v2® scores was observed postoperatively.ConclusionsIleal conduit urinary diversion improves the urinary QoL of patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction by decreasing limitations and constraints induced by urinary disorders, but has no impact on general QoL. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1503–1506, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
L2‐estimates for the DG IIPG‐0 scheme
Authors: de Dios Blanca Ayuso , Brezzi Franco , Havle Oto , Marini L. Donatella 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe discuss the optimality in L2 of a variant of the Incomplete Discontinuous Galerkin Interior Penalty method (IIPG) for second order linear elliptic problems. We prove optimal estimate, in two and three dimensions, for the lowest order case under suitable regularity assumptions on the data and on the mesh. We also provide numerical evidence, in one dimension, of the necessity of the regularity assumptions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2012
Stability analysis for switched Hopfield neural networks with time delay
Authors: Lian Jie , Zhang Kai , Feng Zhi 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThis paper considers the asymptotic stability problem for switched Hopfield neural networks with time‐varying delay under the hysteretic switching rule. The single and multiple Lyapunov function methods are employed to design the hysteretic switching rule dependent on the current state and previous value of the switching signal. Sufficient conditions are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities to guarantee the stability of such a system. Two examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term complications in totally implantable venous access devices: Randomized study comparing subclavian and internal jugular vein puncture
Authors: Ribeiro Rodrigo C. , Abib Simone C. V. , Aguiar Alexandre S. , Schettini Sérgio T. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis prospective randomized study evaluated complications related to long‐term totally implantable catheters in oncologic children and adolescents by comparing venopunction performed either in the jugular or subclavian vein.MethodsA total of 83 catheters were implanted from January 2004 to April 2006 and followed‐up until March 2008. Patients were randomly allocated to the subclavian or jugular vein group. The endpoint was complications that led to catheter revision or catheter removal.ResultsSix patients were excluded, 43 had the catheter implanted in the subclavian and 34 in the jugular vein. Subclavian catheters were used for up to 12.6 months, while jugular catheters were kept in place for up to 14.8 months (P = 0.38). No statistical differences were found between the groups concerning age, sex, leukocyte count, platelet count, type of admission (in or outpatient), or previous chemotherapy regimens. When analyzed individually, long‐term complications did not present statistically significant differences either. Infection occurred in 20 and 11% (P = 0.44), while catheter embolism took place in 23 and 8% (P = 0.11) of patients with subclavian and jugular catheters, respectively. A statistical difference was seen in the total number of complications, which occurred in 48 and 23% (P = 0.02) of patients in the subclavian and in the jugular groups, respectively.ConclusionsCatheters implanted by puncture in the subclavian vein were more prone to late complications than those implanted in the jugular vein. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 274–277. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fostering social–emotional resilience among Latino youth
Authors: Reyes Jazmin A. , Elias Maurice J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNational statistics reveal that Latino youth face significant challenges and engage in many risky behaviors that can hinder positive development and well‐being, such as attempted suicide, lifetime cocaine use, unprotected sex, and dropping out of school. However, these statistics obscure the fact that many Latino youth are developing well despite exposure to significant adversity. A critical question that lies before researchers, educators, and policy makers is how to improve the health, well‐being, and achievement of more Latino youth. This article considers conceptual issues related to resilience and culture, risk, and protective factors relevant to Latinos and the role schools play in promoting resilience. Special attention is paid to the building of child‐based resources, such as social–emotional competencies, and social system resources, such as a caring school climate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determining the source of house flies (Musca domestica) using stable isotope analysis
Authors: Heinrich Katharina , Weaver Robert J , Bell Howard A 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Intensive livestock units frequently produce flies in large numbers that, on migration, cause nuisance to the occupants of neighbouring dwellings. The resolution of such problems is often reliant on the unequivocal identification of the origin of the flies, particularly when several potential sources exist. This study evaluated stable isotope analysis as a method for differentiating adult houseflies (Musca domestica) on the basis of their dietary history so as to determine their likely source.RESULTS: Flies were reared in the laboratory on several substrates, including chicken and cattle manure, laboratory diet and household vegetable waste. Different fly parts (wings, heads and legs) and whole flies were analysed immediately after eclosion and after 10 days. The δ13C and δ15N values for adults that had developed on each diet type were highly distinct. Both isotopic ratios altered markedly after maintaining the flies for 10 days on a diet of cane sugar solution.CONCLUSIONS: Stable isotope analysis readily differentiated flies that had developed on a range of substrates. The technique, therefore, shows potential to be employed to determine the likely source of various nuisance insects, and to contribute to the abatement of such problems. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Bipolar resistance switching in chalcogenide materials
Authors: Pradel Annie , Frolet Nathalie , Ramonda Michel , Piarristeguy Andrea , Ribes Michel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe paper reports on an investigation of two chalcogenide films that both show bipolar resistance switching, i.e., Ag/Ge0.25Se0.75 and Ge2Sb3Te5. Changes occurring in the chalcogenide films during switching were analyzed by conductive‐atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM). All the findings in the first Ag/Ge0.25Se0.75 family are in agreement with the proposal of a migration of Ag from the electrode throughout the film, creating random conductive paths when a bias is applied and their rupture when the bias is reversed. Reversible bipolar resistance switching with bias in the range of few volts was clearly demonstrated in Ge2Sb3Te5 films, even though its nature is not so well understood. Clear enough is the fact that a primary and irreversible contraction of the film along with an increase in its conductivity occurred when a bias was applied to the film. It was related to a crystallization of the film. Further write/erase cycles induced resistance switching but no change in the contraction/expansion of the films. Our findings corroborated a mechanism where an amorphous Sb‐rich phase would exist in between Ge2Sb2Te5 crystallites. This would create conductive paths when a bias is applied, paths that would break when the polarity is reversed.
Capturing triplet emission in white organic light emitting devices
Authors: Singh Jai 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe state‐of‐the art in the white organic light emitting devices (WOLEDs) is reviewed for further developments with a view to enhance the capture of triplet emission. In particular, applying the new exciton–spin–orbit–photon interaction operator as a perturbation, rates of spontaneous emission are calculated in a few phosphorescent materials and compared with experimental results. For iridium based phosphorescent materials the rates agree quite well with the experimental results.
Study of uniformity of high performance AlInN HEMT with ultra‐thin barrier
Authors: Gao Xiang , Gorka Daniel , Saunier Paul , Ketterson Andrew , Zhou Lin , Smith David J. , Guo Shiping 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHigh performance AlInN/AlN HEMTs with Ga free barrier and sharp interface have been demonstrated with excellent control of sheet resistance and uniformity. As the total barrier thickness reduce to below 4 nm, the depletion of 2DEG channel start to accelerate, and consequently the sheet resistant uniformity degrades due to the difficulty in individual thickness uniformity control at this level. Significant better uniformity was achieved after improvement in AlN process. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Confocal Raman depth‐profile analysis of the electrical and structural properties in III‐nitride structures
Authors: Strelchuk V. V. , Bryksa V. P. , Avramenko K. A. , Valakh M. Ya. , Belyaev A. E. , Mazur Yu. I. , Ware M. E. , DeCuir E. A. , Salamo G. J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractScanning confocal Raman spectroscopy was used to non‐destructively evaluate the structural and electronic properties of n+/n0/n+‐GaN Gunn‐diode structures. The depth profiles of the free carrier concentration and mobility were obtained from a line shape analysis of the ω–, ω+ coupled phonon‐plasmon modes. It was found that the intensity profiles of the Raman polar A1(LO) phonon mode depend on the thickness of the undoped n0 layer, while the intensity profiles of the nonpolar E2high mode were unaffected by the doping. The change in frequency and linewidth of E2high mode throughout the thickness of the GaN layers, however reveal structural inhomogeneity in the diode structures. The carrier concentration and mobility exhibit only slight variations with thickness with the largest variation being at the free surface of the device. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time‐resolved photoluminescence of Al‐rich AlGaN/AlN quantum wells under selective excitation
Authors: Iwata Yoshiya , Oto Takao , Kaneta Akio , Banal Ryan G. , Funato Mitsuru , Kawakami Yoichi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe performed time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements for high‐quality Al‐rich AlGaN/AlN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) under selective excitation condition in order to investigate carrier recombination dynamics around the Mott transition. Fast and slow lifetime components (12 ps and 210 ps) were definitely observed under high excitation conditions at 5.5 K and were attributed to electron‐hole plasma and the exciton many‐body effect, respectively. It was found that the remarkable difference in the radiative lifetimes caused strongly excitation‐power dependent internal quantum efficiencies. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of Cp2Mg supply on MOVPE growth behavior of InN
Authors: Sugita K. , Sasamoto K. , Hashimoto A. , Yamamoto A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis report shows the effect of Cp2Mg supply on MOVPE growth behavior of InN. At low growth temperature (∼600 °C), the formation of adducts occurred, which degenerates the crystal quality. With increasing the growth temperature, the adduct formation was suppressed because the decomposition of Cp2Mg was enhanced and thus the incorporation of carbon into the film was suppressed. The use of Cp2Mg during InN growth increases the growth rate in the lateral direction. Non‐doped InN film grown on GaN buffer has an In‐face of the top side. On the other hand, the inversion domains seems to be formed in the highly Mg‐doped InN. Tilt distribution decreases from 65 to 30 arcmin with the increase of Cp2Mg/TMI molar ratio 0 to 0.06. The donor is produced in highly Mg‐doped MOVPE‐grown InN (Cp2Mg/TMI molar ratio > 0.005). Therefore, the effect of Cp2Mg supply on MOVPE growth behavior of InN is found to improve a macro‐scale crystal quality but also produces the donor (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low temperature growth of GaN using catalyst‐assisted MOVPE
Authors: Sasamoto Kohei , Hotta Toru , Tanaka Mikiyasu , Sugita Ken‐ichi , Bhuiyan Ashraful Ghani , Hashimoto Akihiro , Yamamoto Akio 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLow‐temperature (∼600 °C) MOVPE growth of GaN is investigated using a catalyst to enhance NH3 decomposition rate. As a catalyst, Ir is employed in this study. Significant differences in electrical properties between samples grown with and without catalyst are observed. The sample grown at 600 °C without catalyst shows a high resistivity (106 Ωcm) and a low carrier concentration (1011 cm‐3). The low carrier concentration is seemed to be due to the compensation by the carbon impurity known as a deep level acceptor, since the activation energy for such sample is closed to that for carbon‐doped GaN. The employment of the catalyst results in the improvement of crystalline quality of low‐temperature grown GaN. As a result of this study, we have found that the catalyst‐assisted MOVPE has significant effects on the suppression of impurity (mainly carbon) incorporation and the improvement of crystalline quality of GaN grown films. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of n‐AlGaN cleave assistance layers on the morphology of c ‐plane cleaved facets for m ‐plane InGaN/GaN laser diodes
Authors: Hardy M. T. , Farrell R. M. , Hsu Po S. , Haeger D. A. , Kelchner K. , Fujito Kenji , Chakraborty Apran , Cohen D. A. , Nakamura Shuji , Speck J. S. , DenBaars St. P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe effect of thick n‐type Al0.12Ga0.88N cleave assistance layers (CALs) on the morphology of c ‐plane cleaved facets was investigated for m ‐plane InGaN/GaN laser diode (LD) ridge waveguide structures. Five LD structures with AlGaN CAL thicknesses ranging from 0 to 800 nm were thinned, scribed, cleaved, and characterized via plan view optical microscopy to evaluate the morphology of the cleaved facets. The fraction of facets that appeared straight across the entire width of the ridge waveguides increased with increasing AlGaN CAL thickness, nearly doubling from a minimum of 43% in samples with no AlGaN CAL to a maximum of 85% in samples with a 600 nm AlGaN CAL. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High quality factor of AlN microdisks embedding GaN quantum dots
Authors: Mexis M. , Sergent S. , Guillet T. , Brimont C. , Bretagnon T. , Gil B. , Semond F. , Leroux M. , Néel D. , David S. , Chécoury X. , Boucaud P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe report the observation of high quality (Q) factor whispering gallery modes for GaN/AlN quantum dot based microdisks. Room temperature photoluminescence measurements show a large number of high Q modes on the whole PL spectral range. For the first time we report Q values up to 6000 for nitride based cavities. We attribute this improvement of the Q factor to the etching quality and to the relatively low cavity loss by inserting dots into the microdisks. The uniformity of the resonant modes with respect to a wide range of energies allows us to identify the different radial mode families. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)