bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular Access Recirculation in Hemodialysis Patients With Two Noncuffed, Single‐lumen, Jugular Catheters in the Same Jugular Vein
Authors: Kovač Janko , Buturović‐Ponikvar Jadranka , Ponikvar Rafael 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHaving achieved excellent results with single‐lumen temporary hemodialysis catheters as a long‐term vascular access in our center, in this study we examined the amount of vascular access recirculation in the case of using two single‐lumen catheters in a single jugular vein. In 11 adult end‐stage renal disease patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD), vascular access recirculation was studied using a thermodilution technique during dialysis at our center. The vascular access in all patients consisted of two pre‐curved, 15 cm‐long, 8‐Fr catheters inserted in the right jugular vein. Recirculation measurements were performed with the blood flow set to 250 mL/min in all patients. In five patients, additional measurements were performed with the blood flow set to 200 mL/min. During 16 HD procedures, 55 recirculation measurements were taken. The rate of recirculation was <15% in 50 measurements, between 15% and 20% in four measurements, and >20% in one measurement. The average recirculation rate during a single procedure was <15% in 10 patients, and 16.2% in one patient. We did not find any significant differences in the recirculation rates measured either at higher or lower blood flow rates. The clinical importance of vascular access recirculation was noted in a single patient. Vascular access recirculation in hemodialysis patients with two single‐lumen catheters in the same jugular vein is mostly acceptable. Some measures for preventing clinically important recirculation are also suggested.
OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF BRINED ANCHOVIES WITH EXTRACTS FROM BLUEBERRY (VACCINUM SP.) FRUITS AND LEAVES
Authors: TURHAN SADETTIN , TEMIZ HASAN , KOCA A. FAIK 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT The hot‐water extracts from blueberry (Vaccinum sp.) fruits and leaves were examined for their total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl–scavenging activity. It was observed that water extracts from blueberry leaves contained higher total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant power and lower 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl–scavenging activity than those from blueberry fruits. Oxidative stability of brined anchovies with extracts obtained from blueberry fruits and leaves was investigated during storage at 4C for 28 days. Brining with blueberry fruit and leaf extracts slowed down the lipid oxidation of anchovies. The highest antioxidant effect (peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and oxidative rancidity) was observed with brined anchovies with blueberry leaf extracts. The antioxidant potency of blueberry fruit extract was approximately equal to that of blueberry leaf extract. The highest polyunsaturated fatty acid percent was observed in the brined anchovies with blueberry leaf extract, but no significant difference with blueberry fruit extract was observed (P > 0.05). These results suggest that brining with blueberry fruits and leaves extracts could enhance oxidative stability of fish.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSLipid oxidation is one of the main problems during the storage of salted anchovies. One of the methods for protection against oxidation is using antioxidants. Brining with blueberry fruit and leaf extracts slowed down the lipid oxidation of anchovies. According to these results, blueberry fruit and leaf extracts can be used to extend the shelf life of brined anchovies.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Comparison of demographic and direct methods to calculate probabilistic maturation reaction norms for Flemish Cap cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Pérez‐Rodríguez Alfonso , Morgan Marie Joanne , Saborido‐Rey Fran 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAge and length at maturation have declined in many fish populations and this has been hypothesized to be a genetic change caused by high fishing mortality. Probabilistic Maturation Reaction Norms (PMRNs) have been used as a tool to gain a better understanding of the possible genetic nature of these changes. The demographic and direct methods are two ways to calculate PMRNs. The data requirements are more often met for the demographic method than for the direct method which requires the identification of recruit spawners. However, the demographic method relies on more assumptions than the direct method, typically assuming equality of growth and mortality rates for immature and mature individuals within an age class. This study provides the first direct comparison of demographic and direct methods and shows that both methods produce comparable results. Differences between methods are hypothesized to be owed to possible differences in growth rate between mature and immature individuals in Flemish Cap cod.
Decreased Triadin and Increased Calstabin2 Expression in Great Danes with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Oyama M.A. , Chittur S.V. , Reynolds C.A. 
Published: August 2009

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cardiac disease of Great Dane dogs, yet very little is known about the underlying molecular abnormalities that contribute to disease.Objective: Discover a set of genes that are differentially expressed in Great Dane dogs with DCM as a way to identify candidate genes for further study as well as to better understand the molecular abnormalities that underlie the disease.Animals: Three Great Dane dogs with end‐stage DCM and 3 large breed control dogs.Methods: Prospective study. Transcriptional activity of 42,869 canine DNA sequences was determined with a canine‐specific oligonucleotide microarray. Genome expression patterns of left ventricular tissue samples from affected Great Dane dogs were evaluated by measuring the relative amount of complementary RNA hybridization to the microarray probes and comparing it with expression from large breed dogs with noncardiac disease.Results: Three hundred and twenty‐three transcripts were differentially expressed (≥2‐fold change). The transcript with the greatest degree of upregulation (+61.3‐fold) was calstabin2 (FKBP12.6), whereas the transcript with the greatest degree of downregulation (−9.07‐fold) was triadin. Calstabin2 and triadin are both regulatory components of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and are critical to normal intracellular Ca2+ release and excitation‐contraction coupling.Conclusion and clinical importance: Great Dane dogs with DCM demonstrate abnormal calstabin2 and triadin expression. These changes likely affect Ca2+ flux within cardiac cells and may contribute to the pathophysiology of disease. Microarray‐based analysis identifies calstabin2, triadin, and RyR2 function as targets of future study.
STRUCTURAL RESPONSES OF A NOVEL HIGH FLEXION KNEE (SS316–UHMWPE) USED IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Authors: SIVARASU SUDESH , MATHEW LAZAR 
Published: August 2009

The application of finite element modeling in medical applications has been evolving as the field of high importance especially in the development of medical. The generic artificial knee implants used in the total knee arthroplasty have the restriction in its range of motion with around 90 degrees. A new design allowing flexion extension range of over 120 degrees has been designed with a view to facilitate partial squatting and the same is used for the analysis purpose. The loading conditions of 10 times the body weight are considered. Finite element analyses of this design have been carried out based on standard biomaterial used in orthopaedic implants. In this paper we discuss the results of analyses of an artificial knee with stainless steel alloy. The results of the analyses were used in identifying areas of extreme stresses within the design and the spot prone for higher deformation. Based on these results slight modification on the designs was carried out. The results are also verified whether the body is within the linear deformation levels. As the results obtained were very satisfactory the models have been recommended for prototyping. It is verified from the results that the new models respond positive till a load of 300 kg and then they enter into the maximum yield stress levels. However, in reality, the loading on an artificial knee is less than 300 kg. So the results are inferred positive and the models were sent for prototyping.
Deciphering the Impact of Common Genetic Variation on Lung Cancer Risk: A Genome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Broderick Peter , Wang Yufei , Vijayakrishnan Jayaram , Matakidou Athena , Spitz Margaret R. , Eisen Timothy , Amos Christopher I. , Houlston Richard S. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
To explore the impact of common variation on the risk of developing lung cancer, we conducted a two-phase genome-wide association (GWA) study. In phase 1, we compared the genotypes of 511,919 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 1,952 cases and 1,438 controls; in phase 2, 30,568 SNPs were genotyped in 2,465 cases and 3,005 controls. SNP selection was based on best supported P values from phase 1 and two other GWA studies of lung cancer. In the combined analysis of phases 1 and 2, the strongest associations identified were defined by SNPs mapping to 15q25.1 (rs12914385; P = 3.19 × 10−16), 5p15.33 (rs4975616; P = 6.66 × 10−7), and 6p21.33 (rs3117582; P = 9.13 × 10−7). Variation at 15q25.1, but not 5p15.33 or 6p21.33, was strongly associated with smoking behavior with risk alleles correlated to higher consumption. Variation at 5p15.33 was shown to significantly influence induction of lung cancer histology. Pooling data from the four series provided 21,620 genotypes for 7,560 cases and 8,205 controls. A meta-analysis provided increased support that variation at 15q25.1 (rs8034191; P = 3.24 × 10−26), 5p15.33 (rs4975616; P = 2.99 × 10−9), and 6p21.33 (rs3117582; P = 4.46 × 10−10) influences lung cancer risk. The next best-supported associations were attained at 15q15.2 (rs748404: P = 1.08 × 10−6) and 10q23.31 (rs1926203; P = 1.28 × 10−6). These data indicate few common variants account for 1% of the excess familial risk underscoring the necessity of having additional large sample series for gene discovery. [Cancer Res 2009;69(16):6633–41]
The Dirty Physician: Necessary Dishonor and Fleshly Solidarity in Tertullian's Writings
Authors: Radler Charlotte 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis article examines Tertullian's multifaceted notion of physician and his views of illness and redemptive healing, particularly his arresting re-appropriation of dirt and dishonor as the basis for restoration against Marcion's alleged conception of a pure and spiritual salvation. Tertullian inverts the dominant value paradigm by rendering the shameful and dishonorable circumstances of the flesh as the necessary signifiers of truth and redemption. His creative reconfiguration of healing through filth and shame redraws early Christian discourse on embodiment and corrects facile typologies about purity and impurity, body and soul, incarnation and salvation, and individual and society.
Utilizing Spaceborne Radars to Retrieve Dry Snowfall
Authors: Kulie Mark S. , Bennartz Ralf 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
A dataset consisting of one year of CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) near-surface radar reflectivity Z associated with dry snowfall is examined in this study. The CPR observations are converted to snowfall rates S using derived Ze–S relationships, which were created from backscatter cross sections of various nonspherical and spherical ice particle models. The CPR reflectivity histograms show that the dominant mode of global near-surface dry snowfall has extremely light reflectivity values (∼3–4 dBZe), and an estimated 94% of all CPR dry snowfall observations are less than 10 dBZe. The average conditional global snowfall rate is calculated to be about 0.28 mm h−1, but is regionally highly variable as well as strongly sensitive to the ice particle model chosen. Further, ground clutter contamination is found in regions of complex terrain even when a vertical reflectivity continuity threshold is utilized. The potential of future multifrequency spaceborne radars is evaluated using proxy 35–13.6-GHz reflectivities and sensor specifications of the proposed Global Precipitation Measurement dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR). It is estimated that because of its higher detectability threshold, only about 7%–1% of the near-surface radar reflectivity values and about 17%–4% of the total accumulation associated with global dry snowfall would be detected by a DPR-like instrument, but these results are very sensitive to the chosen ice particle model. These potential detection shortcomings can be partially mitigated by using snowfall-rate distributions derived by the CPR or other similar high-frequency active sensors.
Interactive Feedback between the Tropical Pacific Decadal Oscillation and ENSO in a Coupled General Circulation Model
Authors: Choi Jung , An Soon-Il , Dewitte Boris , Hsieh William W. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The output from a coupled general circulation model (CGCM) is used to develop evidence showing that the tropical Pacific decadal oscillation can be driven by an interaction between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the slowly varying mean background climate state. The analysis verifies that the decadal changes in the mean states are attributed largely to decadal changes in ENSO statistics through nonlinear rectification. This is seen because the time evolutions of the first principal component analysis (PCA) mode of the decadal-varying tropical Pacific SST and the thermocline depth anomalies are significantly correlated to the decadal variations of the ENSO amplitude (also skewness). Its spatial pattern resembles the residuals of the SST and thermocline depth anomalies after there is uneven compensation from El Niño and La Niña events. In addition, the stability analysis of a linearized intermediate ocean–atmosphere coupled system, for which the background mean states are specified, provides qualitatively consistent results compared to the CGCM in terms of the relationship between changes in the background mean states and the characteristics of ENSO. It is also shown from the stability analysis as well as the time integration of a nonlinear version of the intermediate coupled model that the mean SST for the high-variability ENSO decades acts to intensify the ENSO variability, while the mean thermocline depth for the same decades acts to suppress the ENSO activity. Thus, there may be an interactive feedback consisting of a positive feedback between the ENSO activity and the mean state of the SST and a negative feedback between the ENSO activity and the mean state of the thermocline depth. This feedback may lead to the tropical decadal oscillation, without the need to invoke any external mechanisms.
Multimodel Approach Based on Evidence Theory for Forecasting Tropical Cyclone Tracks
Authors: Poroseva Svetlana V. , Lay Nathan , Hussaini M. Yousuff 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper a new multimodel approach for forecasting tropical cyclone tracks is presented. The approach is based on the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence. At each forecast period, the multimodel forecast is given as an area where the tropical cyclone position is likely to occur. Each area includes a quantitative assessment of the credibility (degree of belief) of the prediction. The multimodel forecast is obtained by combining individual model forecasts into a single prediction by Dempster’s rule. Mathematical requirements associated with the Dempster’s rule are discussed. Particular attention is given to the requirement of independence of evidence sources, which, for tropical cyclone track forecasting, are the model and best-track data. The origin of this requirement is explored, and it is shown that for forecasting tropical cyclone tracks, this requirement is excessive. The influence of the number of models included in the multimodel approach on the forecasting ability is also studied. Data produced by the models of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction are used to produce two-, three-, and four-model forecasts. The forecasting ability of the multimodel approach is evaluated using the best-track database of the tropical cyclones that occurred in the eastern and western North Pacific and South Indian Ocean basins in the year 2000.
Tropical Cyclone Initialization with a Spherical High-Order Filter and an Idealized Three-Dimensional Bogus Vortex
Authors: Kwon In-Hyuk , Cheong Hyeong-Bin 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
A tropical cyclone initialization method with an idealized three-dimensional bogus vortex of an analytic empirical formula is presented for the track and intensity prediction. The procedure in the new method consists of four steps: the separation of the disturbance from the analysis, determination of the tropical cyclone domain, generation of symmetric bogus vortex, and merging of it with the analysis data. When separating the disturbance field, an efficient spherical high-order filter with the double-Fourier series is used whose cutoff scale can be adjusted with ease to the horizontal scale of the tropical cyclone of interest. The tropical cyclone domain is determined from the streamfunction field instead of the velocities. The axisymmetric vortex to replace the poorly resolved tropical cyclone in the analysis is designed in terms of analytic empirical functions with a careful treatment of the upper-layer flows as well as the secondary circulations. The geopotential of the vortex is given in such a way that the negative anomaly in the lower layer is changed into positive anomaly above the prescribed pressure level, which depends on the intensity of the tropical cyclone. The geopotential is then used to calculate the tangential wind and temperature using the gradient wind balance and the hydrostatic balance, respectively. The inflow and outflow in the tropical cyclone are constructed to resemble closely the observed or simulated structures under the constraint of mass balance. The bogus vortex is merged with the disturbance field with the use of matching principle so that it is not affected except near the boundary of tropical cyclone domain. The humidity of the analysis is modified to be very close to the saturation in the lower layers near the tropical cyclone center. The balanced bogus vortex of the present study is completely specified on the basis of four parameters from the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) report and the additional two parameters, which are derived from the analysis data. The initialization method was applied to the track and the intensity (in terms of central pressure) prediction of the TCs observed in the western North Pacific Ocean and East China Sea in 2007 with the use of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. No significant initial jump or abrupt change was seen in either momentum or surface pressure during the time integration, thus indicating a proper tropical cyclone initialization. Relative to the results without the tropical cyclone initialization and the forecast results of RSMC Tokyo, the present method presented a great improvement in both the track and intensity prediction.
Experimental Investigation on Onsetting Internal Fire Whirls in a Vertical Shaft
Authors: Chow W.K. , Han S.S. 
Published: July 2009

Internal fire whirls might be induced in tall buildings under fires. Hazards associated with such fire whirls should be assessed carefully. The physics behind is not clearly understood, even the conditions of onsetting internal fire whirls are unknown. It is important to observe the physical phenomenon carefully first, before carrying out theoretical analysis. In this article, internal fire whirls were studied with a small vertical shaft model under different ventilation conditions. A 1.6 kW propanol pool fire was placed in a rectangular vertical shaft of height 145 cm. Ventilation provisions at the bottom and side wall were arranged. The conditions of onsetting internal fire whirls were investigated in detail with support from some full-scale burning tests at Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. It is concluded that allowing a vertical gap of appropriate width and height at the side wall would onset internal fire whirls. Flame height would be stretched by several times the value for free burning. The burning rate of the pool fire would increase. Results are also confirmed by full-scale burning tests.
Metabolic profiling of Parkinson's disease: evidence of biomarker from gene expression analysis and rapid neural network detection
Authors: Ahmed Shiek SSJ , Santosh Winkins , Kumar Suresh , Christlet Hema T Thanka 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. The diagnosis of Parkinsonism is challenging because currently none of the clinical tests have been proven to help in diagnosis. PD may produce characteristic perturbations in the metabolome and such variations can be used as the marker for detection of disease. To test this hypothesis, we used proton NMR and multivariate analysis followed by neural network pattern detection.Methods & Results1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis was carried out on plasma samples of 37 healthy controls and 43 drug-naive patients with PD. Focus on 22 targeted metabolites, 17 were decreased and 5 were elevated in PD patients (p < 0.05). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that pyruvate is the key metabolite, which contributes to the separation of PD from control samples. Furthermore, gene expression analysis shows significant (p < 0.05) change in expression ofPDHBandNPFFgenes leading to increased pyruvate concentration in blood plasma. Moreover, the implementation of1H- NMR spectral pattern in neural network algorithm shows 97.14% accuracy in the detection of disease progression.ConclusionThe results increase the prospect of a robust molecular definition in detection of PD through the early symptomatic phase of the disease. This is an ultimate opening for therapeutic intervention. If validated in a genuinely prospective fashion in larger samples, the biomarker trajectories described here will go a long way to facilitate the development of useful therapies. Moreover, implementation of neural network will be a breakthrough in clinical screening and rapid detection of PD.
Hypoxia-induced transcription of dopamine D3 and D4 receptors in human neuroblastoma and astrocytoma cells
Authors: Bence Melinda , Kereszturi Eva , Mozes Viktor , Sasvari-Szekely Maria , Keszler Gergely 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

Background
Dopaminergic pathways that influence mood and behaviour are severely affected in cerebral hypoxia. In contrast, hypoxia promotes the differentiation of dopaminergic neurons. In order to clarify the hypoxic sensitivity of key dopaminergic genes, we aimed to study their transcriptional regulation in the context of neuroblastoma and astrocytoma cell lines exposed to 1% hypoxia.

Results
Quantitative RT-PCR assays revealed that the transcription of both type D3 and D4 postsynaptic dopamine receptors (DRD3 and DRD4) was induced several fold upon 2-day hypoxia in a cell-specific manner, while the vascular endothelial growth factor gene was activated after 3-hr incubation in hypoxia. On the other hand, mRNA levels of type 2 dopamine receptor, dopamine transporter, monoamino oxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferase were unaltered, while those of the dopamine receptor regulating factor (DRRF) were decreased by hypoxia. Notably, 2-day hypoxia did not result in elevation of protein levels of DRD3 and DRD4.

Conclusion
In light of the relatively delayed transcriptional activation of the DRD3 and DRD4 genes, we propose that slow-reacting hypoxia sensitive transcription factors might be involved in the transactivation of DRD3 and DRD4 promoters in hypoxia.