bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation to reduced salinity affects the olfactory sensitivity of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858) to Ca2+ and Na+ but not amino acids
Authors: Velez Zélia , Hubbard Peter C. , Barata Eduardo N. , Canário Adelino V. M. 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARY
The Senegalese sole is a marine flatfish, which often penetrates into estuarine waters to feed. It cannot, however, survive in full freshwater. The current study investigated the effect of adaptation to low salinity(10‰) on olfactory responses to changes in environmental[Ca2+] and [Na+] and amino acids by the electro-encephalogram (EEG) recorded from the olfactory bulb. The sole showed olfactory responses to increases in environmental [Na+] and decreases in environmental [Ca2+]; sensitivity to Na+was greater at 10‰ whereas sensitivity to Ca2+ was greater at 35‰. Decreased environmental [Na+] increased sensitivity to changes in [Ca2+] whereas increased environmental[Ca2+] decreased bulbar responses to changes in [Na+]. Sensitivity to amino acids was unaffected by external salinity. However, the absence of external Na+ strongly decreased bulbar responses to amino acids in fish adapted to 35‰ seawater but not in those at 10‰. The absence of external Ca2+ had no such effect at either salinity. This suggests that odorant-receptor binding and/or olfactory transduction is reliant on external Na+ (but not Ca2+)at higher salinities but the olfactory system is able to adapt to lower environmental [Na+]. Taken together, these results suggest that reductions of external salinity modulate olfactory sensitivity to environmental Ca2+ and Na+ but not amino acids. However,at low salinities, olfactory sensitivity to amino acids is maintained by decreasing reliance on external Na+.
Transcriptomic response of sea urchin larvaeStrongylocentrotus purpuratusto CO2-driven seawater acidification
Authors: Todgham Anne E. , Hofmann Gretchen E. 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARYOcean acidification from the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 is expected to have deleterious consequences for many calcifying marine animals. Forecasting the vulnerability of these marine organisms to climate change is linked to an understanding of whether species possess the physiological capacity to compensate for the potentially adverse effects of ocean acidification. We carried out a microarray-based transcriptomic analysis of the physiological response of larvae of a calcifying marine invertebrate, the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, to CO2-driven seawater acidification. In lab-based cultures, larvae were raised under conditions approximating current ocean pH conditions (pH 8.01) and at projected, more acidic pH conditions (pH 7.96 and 7.88) in seawater aerated with CO2 gas. Targeting expression of ∼1000 genes involved in several biological processes, this study captured changes in gene expression patterns that characterize the transcriptomic response to CO2-driven seawater acidification of developing sea urchin larvae. In response to both elevated CO2 scenarios, larvae underwent broad scale decreases in gene expression in four major cellular processes:biomineralization, cellular stress response, metabolism and apoptosis. This study underscores that physiological processes beyond calcification are impacted greatly, suggesting that overall physiological capacity and not just a singular focus on biomineralization processes is essential for forecasting the impact of future CO2 conditions on marine organisms. Conducted on targeted and vulnerable species, genomics-based studies, such as the one highlighted here, have the potential to identify potential `weak links' in physiological function that may ultimately determine an organism's capacity to tolerate future ocean conditions.
Home-Based Peer Social Networks of Young Children With Down Syndrome: A Developmental Perspective
Authors: Guralnick Michael J. , Connor Robert T. , Johnson L. Clark 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNumerous dimensions of the peer social networks of children with Down syndrome were examined within a developmental framework. Results revealed that for many key measures, particularly involvement in play, linkages to other settings, and control of play, children with Down syndrome have less well-developed peer networks even in comparison to a mental age matched group of typically developing children. This suggests both an absence of any social advantage in the peer context for children with Down syndrome and the existence of unusual difficulties that may be traced to underlying problems in peer-related social competence. The need for future observational studies of peer interactions for this group of children was emphasized.
Chemical improvement of surfaces. Part 1: Novel functional modification of wood with covalently bound organoboron compounds
Authors: Namyslo Jan C. , Kaufmann Dieter E. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
A novel type of chemical modification of wood was developed and applied to functionalise wood permanently with organoboron compounds. The covalent attachment of metalloid substituents via a benzotriazolyl-activated benzoic acid to wood hydroxy groups was in focus. Thus, standard modification procedures in wood chemistry – such as the acetylation – are improved by avoiding either the loss of half the reagent in the case of acid anhydrides or the release of corrosive hydrochloric acid in the case of carboxylic acid chlorides. The introduced boron moiety could be a contribution to solve a long-lasting problem in the field of wood protection: chemical fixation of an organoboron compound by means of a well-defined covalent bond. Accordingly, the hitherto insufficient long-term availability of conventionally spread boron compounds as wood protecting agents caused by leaching can now be avoided. The investigation was also extended to arylsilyl compounds, as a second type of organometal substances, which potentially allow for subsequent chemical modifications by ipso-substitution. The presented wood modification reactions yielded weight percent gain values from 14% to 31% on beech wood, spruce wood, and pine sapwood meal (approximately 500 μm in diameter) or pine sapwood veneer chips. The modified meals and chips were analysed by IR spectroscopy.
Cone Calorimeter—A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Hermesky Michael , Murrell Janet 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Taking the fire regulations, test methods, and criteria used in one country and adopting them in another without looking at potential effects may have serious consequences. The basis of the reaction to fire classification of products for the Taiwanese market is to be amended. The system to be adopted currently forms the basis for the reaction to fire requirements in Japan, a country which is market protective and which is not reliant on imported building products. Taiwan is almost a mirror image of this. It has little or no building product industry of its own and is therefore totally reliant on imported goods. To make matters more difficult, it conducts port-side testing to ensure regulatory compliance. The results from the cone calorimeter test will be required to be less than 8 MJ for the measured total heat release. At these low levels of heat release, the stability of the classification system may be difficult to ensure as a consequence of the “uncertainty of measurement” associated with the “standard” cone calorimeter test. This would cause a lack of reliability in the classification and could significantly reduce the number and type of products reliably achieving each class, therefore greatly limiting the choice of product on the Taiwanese market. This study looks at the stability of the 8 MJ criteria and the adoption of a test standard intended for use in another market. It considers the consequences of increasing this criteria to a value where the uncertainty of the measurement is improved, without having a detrimental effect on fire safety.
Lessons with Stravinsky: The Notebook of Earnest Andersson (1878–1943)
Authors: Slim H. Colin 
Published: July 2009

In 1978, Robert Craft expressed the hope that some record might be found of the lessons that the virtually unknown American composer Earnest Andersson (1878–1943) took with Stravinsky in Hollywood during 1941–42. Also missing were scores of the symphony Andersson worked on with Stravinsky. These documents have now come to light. A private collection in Pennsylvania houses Andersson's Futurama symphony and the notebook he kept of his lessons, items heretofore unseen except by family members.
These sources contribute to our understanding of Stravinsky in at least two unique ways. First, Andersson's notebook is the sole record of any long-term pedagogical commitment by Stravinsky, one that eventually numbered 215 lessons. Second, the manuscripts of both composers for Futurama and for two other large orchestral works establish Stravinsky's only known compositional collaborations (with the exception of a one-month stint with Ravel in 1913), which stretched over almost two years. This article examines Stravinsky's previous sporadic role(s) as pedagogue, outlines the various careers of polymath and composer Andersson, questions Stravinsky's final and self-serving remarks in 1966 about Futurama, offers preliminary analyses of two movements from Futurama upon which both men worked and which are discussed in Andersson's notebook, and suggests how and what Andersson may have learned, as recorded in his 58-page notebook (late February–early October 1941). The notebook is here transcribed in full.
Effects of Obesity on Gingival Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model
Authors: Tomofuji Takaaki , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Tamaki Naofumi , Ekuni Daisuke , Azuma Tetsuji , Sanbe Toshihiro , Irie Koichiro , Kasuyama Kenta , Umakoshi Michihiro , Murakami Jun , Kokeguchi Susumu , Morita Manabu 
Published: August 2009

Background: Studies indicate a correlation between obesity and periodontitis. Oxidative stress is involved in the progression of periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on gingival oxidative stress in a rat periodontitis model.Methods: The obese Zucker rats (n = 14) and their lean littermates (n = 14) were each divided into two groups of seven rats. In one of each group, periodontitis was induced by ligature for 4 weeks, whereas the other group was left unligated. The level of 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine and the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione were determined to examine gingival oxidative stress. The serum level of reactive oxygen metabolites and the gingival gene‐expression pattern related to oxidative/metabolic stress, inflammation, and cell behavior were also evaluated.Results: The obese rats weighed more than the lean rats at 4 weeks. Compared to lean rats, obese rats had enhanced gingival 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels and a decreased ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione in the gingival tissue, with increasing serum reactive oxygen metabolites. However, there were no significant differences in the degree of alveolar bone loss between lean and obese rats, except for teeth with and without ligatures in both rats. In addition, the periodontal lesion in obese rats showed higher 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration than the inflamed ones in lean rats, with downregulation of multiple cytochrome P450 gene expression.Conclusions: Obesity induced gingival oxidative stress with increasing serum reactive oxygen metabolites in rats. In the periodontal lesion, gene expressions related to a capacity for xenobiotic detoxification were downregulated in the obese model.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Signals Through Specific Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Subtypes to Control Key Regenerative Responses of Human Gingival and Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts
Authors: George JoJu , Headen Karmel V. , Ogunleye Afolabi O. , Perry Greg A. , Wilwerding Terrence M. , Parrish Lawrence C. , McVaney Timothy P. , Mattson John S. , Cerutis D. Roselyn 
Published: August 2009

Background: We showed that the pluripotent platelet growth factor and mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) controls key regenerative responses of human gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) and positively modulates their responses to platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF). This study determined which LPA receptor (LPAR) subtype(s) LPA signals through to stimulate mitogenic extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling and chemotaxis and to elicit intracellular Ca2+ increases in GFs and PDLFs because many healing responses are calcium‐dependent.Methods: Activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase was determined using Western blotting with an antibody to phosphorylated ERK1/2. Migration responses were measured using a microchemotaxis chamber. GF and PDLF intracellular Ca2+ mobilization responses to multiple LPA species and LPAR subtype–specific agonists were measured by using a cell‐permeable fluorescent Ca2+ indicator dye.Results: LPA stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation via LPA1‐3. For GFs, LPA1 preferentially elicited chemotaxis, and LPA1‐3 for PDLFs, as confirmed using subtype–specific agonists. Elevation of intracellular calcium seems to be mediated through LPA1 and LPA3, with little, if any, contribution from LPA2.Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that LPA signals through specific LPAR subtypes to stimulate human oral fibroblast regenerative responses. These data, in conjunction with our previous findings showing that LPA modulates GF and PDLF responses to PDGF, suggest that LPA is a factor of emerging importance to oral wound healing.
Effectiveness of Full‐Mouth and Partial‐Mouth Scaling and Root Planing in Treating Chronic Periodontitis in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Santos Vanessa Renata , Lima Jadson Almeida , De Mendonça Adriana Cutrim , Braz Maximo Maria Beatriz , Faveri Marcelo , Duarte Poliana Mendes 
Published: August 2009

Background:This study evaluated the clinical and metabolic effects of full‐mouth scaling and root planing (FMSRP) compared to partial‐mouth scaling and root planing (PMSRP) in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis, and it assessed the impact of the glycemic status on the clinical and metabolic response to periodontal therapy.Methods:In this clinical trial, 18 subjects with diabetes received FMSRP in a maximum of 24 hours, and 18 subjects received PMSRP in a maximum of 21 days. Visible plaque accumulation, bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were obtained at baseline and at 3 and 6 months post‐therapy. Baseline HbA1c values ≥9% and <9% defined subjects with poorly and better‐controlled diabetes, respectively.Results:All clinical parameters improved after therapy (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between treatment groups for clinical and metabolic parameters at any time (P>0.05). There were no changes in the HbA1c levels after therapy (P>0.05). No subject reported any adverse effects during the study. Individuals with better‐controlled diabetes achieved a lower mean CAL at 6 months post‐therapy, when FMSRP and PMSRP were evaluated together (P<0.05).Conclusions:FMSRP and PMSRP were equally effective in treating chronic periodontitis in subjects with type 2 diabetes, without significant improvements in the glycemic control at 3 and 6 months. Considering the periodontal therapy as a whole (FMSRP plus PMSRP), subjects with better‐controlled diabetes exhibited a benefit in CAL at 6 months compared to subjects with poorly controlled disease.
Effects of Nicotine on Antioxidant Defense Enzymes and RANKL Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells
Authors: Lee Hwa‐Jeong , Pi Sung‐Hee , Kim Youngho , Kim Hee‐Soo , Kim Sun‐Ju , Kim Young‐Suk , Lee Suk‐Keun , Kim Eun‐Cheol 
Published: August 2009

Background: This study examined the effects of nicotine on osteoblastic differentiation and the osteoclastogenesis regulatory molecules receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). In addition, we investigated the mechanism by which nicotine induced antioxidant defense enzyme expression as a protective response.Methods: The expression of osteoblast markers, RANKL, OPG, and antioxidant defense enzymes were examined in nicotine‐treated human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.Results: Nicotine treatment concomitantly downregulated the expression of OPG and osteoblastic differentiation markers, such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteopontin, and upregulated the expression of RANKL. Nicotine induced the synthesis of the transcription factor NF‐E2‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2) as well as a number of cellular antioxidants and phase II enzymes, such as heme oxygenase‐1. Pretreatment with antioxidants inhibited the upregulation of RANKL, the downregulation of OPG expression, and cytotoxicity by nicotine in PDL cells.Conclusions: Nicotine upregulated RANKL and antioxidant defense enzymes. These data suggest that Nrf2‐mediated induction of cellular antioxidants and phase II enzymes could contribute to the cellular defense against nicotine‐induced cytotoxicity and osteoclastic differentiation in PDL cells.
Faster Seismic History Matching in a United Kingdom Continental Shelf Reservoir
Authors: Stephen Karl D. , Shams Asghar , MacBeth Colin 
Published: July 2009

Summary
In seismic history matching, we (the authors) obtained a computer-assisted history match to conventional production data but also include the spatio-temporal information offered by time-lapse (4D) seismic to further constrain the model. Good predictive models can only be found with a suitable search of the space of uncertain parameters, such as permeability, porosity, net:gross, and fault transmissibility.
We present a method of history matching that speeds up the search process. By using streamlines in place of a finite difference simulator, a factor 10 speed up in simulation can be obtained. The model accuracy is slightly diminished, affecting both the predicted well data along with saturations and pressures used to predict the 4D signal. We show how to reduce any bias effects by calibrating the model error and including it in the misfit calculation.
The method has been applied to the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS) Nelson field using 6 years of production history and two seismic surveys. The field is maintained above bubblepoint and is ideal for streamline simulation. We compared the use of the finite difference simulator with the streamline method in history matching, when we changed net:gross and vertical permeability properties. By addressing the mismatch in seismic data, together with production, we improved our predictive capability.
A proper parameter search increases the reliability of predictions made by using simulations and has great benefits for reservoir management. Decisions regarding water and gas handling, well maintenance, and optimization of production can be made with greater confidence and new wells can be planned with reduced risk.
Cement-Slurry Design To Prevent Destabilization of Hydrates in Deepwater Environment
Authors: Ravi Kris , Iverson Benjamin , Moore Seth 
Published: July 2009

Summary
Hydrates present challenges to drilling, cementing, and producing in deepwater environments. If the hydrates are destabilized during well operations, gas or solids could rise to the surface and create problems. Therefore, there is a compelling need to prevent destabilization of hydrates from drilling to producing operations in the life of the well.
The volume of cement slurry in the surface casing is great because of the large annulus, and this slurry volume results in a great amount of heat generated during slurry hydration. Further, during production, hydrocarbons could increase the temperature of the surrounding formation. These factors could destabilize the hydrates.
Cement slurries are designed to lower the heat of hydration while meeting or exceeding the other properties needed for successful deepwater cementing. Heat of hydration is reduced by a factor of more than two when compared to the conventional cement-slurry design. The improved cement-slurry designs lower considerably the thermal conductivity of the set cement sheath.
Laboratory tests designed to measure and optimize the heat of hydration are discussed and field implementation of these slurries and results are presented. Results presented in this paper should help the industry construct and produce wells without destabilizing the hydrates, thus, promoting well safety and economics.
Impact of Successive Squeezes on Treatment Lifetime and Well Productivity: Laboratory and Field Evidence
Authors: Fleming Niall , Ramstad Kari , Nelson Alex , Graham Gordon 
Published: July 2009

Summary
Over the lifetime of a well, it is possible that several squeeze operations will be performed, depending on scaling severity. Downhole-squeeze operations have been performed for many years and have been an effective scale-management tool on the whole. However, the long-term impact successive squeezing has on treatment lifetime and well productivity has received little attention. This paper will address these issues by comparing the results from a unique sequence of long-term corefloods designed to replicate five successive treatments on the kaolinite-rich, Middle Tarbert core from the StatoilHydro-operated field Oseberg Sør. Relatively few squeeze treatments have been performed on this field, and the coreflood results have been upscaled to provide a potential prediction of the effects of long-term squeezing on well productivity on Oseberg Sør. Furthermore, the laboratory results have been cross checked by comparing them with the Heidrun field, which has been squeezed for many years. Heidrun is an analog of Oseberg Sør, with kaolinite-rich producing intervals, and has similar productivity issues related to kaolinite mobilization.
Integration of Decentralized Clinical Data in a Data Warehouse
Authors: Schaaf T. , Wetzel T. , Hahn C. , Schrader T. , Tolxdorff T. , Hanß S. 
Published: August 2009

Summary
Objectives: In this paper we present a general concept and describe the difficulties for the integration of data from various clinical partners in one data warehouse using the Open European Nephrology Science Center (OpEN.SC) as an example. This includes a requirements analysis of the data integration process and also the design according to these requirements.
Methods: This conceptual approach based on the Rational Unified Process (RUP) and paradigm of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA).
Results: Because we have to enhance the confidence of our partners in the OpEN.SC system and with this the willingness of them to participate, important requirements are controllability, transparency and security for all partners. Reusable and fine-grained components were found to be necessary when working with diverse data sources. With SOA the requested reusability is implemented easily.
Conclusions: A key step in the development of a data integration process within such a health information system like OpEN.SC is to analyze the requirements. And to show that this is not only a theoretical work, we present a design – developed with RUP and SOA – which fulfills these requirements.