bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alpine climate during the Holocene: a comparison between records of glaciers, lake sediments and solar activity
Authors: Nussbaumer Samuel U. , Steinhilber Friedhelm , Trachsel Mathias , Breitenmoser Petra , Beer Jürg , Blass Alex , Grosjean Martin , Hafner Albert , Holzhauser Hanspeter , Wanner Heinz , Zumbühl Heinz J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe European Alps are very sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. Recent improvements in Alpine glacier length records and climate reconstructions from annually laminated sediments of Alpine Lake Silvaplana give the opportunity to investigate the relationship between these two data sets of Alpine climate. Two different time frames are considered: the last 500–1000 years as well as the last 7400 years. First, we found good agreement between the two different climate archives during the past millennium: mass accumulation rates and biogenic silica concentration are largely in phase with the glacier length changes of Mer de Glace and Unterer Grindelwaldgletscher, and with the records of glacier length of Grosser Aletschgletscher and Gornergletscher. Secondly, the records are compared with temporally highly resolved data of solar activity. The Sun has had a major impact on the Alpine climate variations in the long term, i.e. several centuries to millennia. Solar activity varies with the Hallstatt periodicity of about 2000 years. Hallstatt minima are identified around 500, 2500 and 5000 a. Around these times grand solar minima (such as the Maunder Minimum) occurred in clusters coinciding with colder Alpine climate expressed by glacier advances. During the Hallstatt maxima around 0, 2000 and 4500 a, the Alpine glaciers generally retreated, indicating a warmer climate. This is supported by archaeological findings at Schnidejoch, a transalpine pass in Switzerland that was only accessible when glaciers had retreated. On shorter timescales, however, the influence of the Sun cannot be as easily detected in Alpine climate change, indicating that in addition to solar forcing, volcanic influence and internal climate variations have played an important role. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A tephrochronology for the Lateglacial palynological record of the Endinger Bruch (Vorpommern, north‐east Germany)
Authors: Lane C. S. , De Klerk P. , Cullen V. L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe tephrostratigraphy of lake sediments in the Endinger Bruch provides the first robust age model for the Lateglacial palynological records of Vorpommern (north‐east Germany). Cryptotephra investigations revealed six tephra layers within sediments spanning from Open vegetation phase I (∼Bølling, ∼15 ka) to the Early Holocene Betula/Pinus forest phase (∼Pre‐boreal, ∼10.5 ka). Four of these layers have been correlated with previously described tephra layers found in sites across Europe. The Laacher See Tephra (Eifel Volcanic Field) is present in very high concentrations within sediments of the Lateglacial Betula (/Pinus) forest phase (∼Allerød). The Vedde Ash (Iceland) lies midway through Open vegetation phase III (∼Younger Dryas). The Hässeldalen and the Askja tephras (Iceland) lie in the Early Holocene Betula/Pinus forest phase (∼Preboreal). These tephra layers have independently derived age estimates, which have been imported into the Endinger Bruch record. Furthermore, the layers facilitate direct correlation of the regional vegetation record with other palaeoenvironmental archives, which contain one or more of the same tephra layers, from Greenland to Southern Europe. In doing this, localized variations are confirmed in some aspects of the pollen stratigraphy; however, transitions between the main vegetation phases appear to occur synchronously (within centennial errors) with the equivalent environmental transitions observed in sites across the European continent. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety of intraperitoneal administration of paclitaxel after gastrectomy with en‐bloc D2 Lymph node dissection
Authors: Imano Motohiro , Imamoto Haruhiko , Itoh Tatsuki , Satou Takao , Peng Ying‐Feng , Yasuda Atsushi , Kato Hiroaki , Shiraishi Osamu , Shinkai Masayuki , Yasuda Takushi , Takeyama Yoshifumi , Okuno Kiyokata , Shiozaki Hitoshi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and cytological efficacy against free intraperitoneal cancer cells of intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) with paclitaxel after gastrectomy with en‐bloc D2 lymph node dissection (GD2) in cases of gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) and/or positive cytological findings in peritoneal washings (CFPW).MethodsTwenty‐one patients with gastric cancer with PC and/or positive CFPW who underwent GD2 were treated with early, post‐operative, intraperitoneal paclitaxel. Intra‐chemotherapeutic toxicity and operative complication were measured using the common toxicity criteria of the National Cancer Institute, version 3.0. Intraperitoneal and plasma paclitaxel concentrations were measured using a high‐performance liquid chromatography assay.ResultsGrade 3 anemia occurred in two patients (9.5%) and neutropenia was observed in three patients (14.3%). No grade 4 toxicity was observed. A grade 2 operative complication was a superficial surgical site infection (4.8%) that was treated with antibiotics. Cytologically, no viable cancer cells were observed in the intra‐abdominal fluid 24 hr after intraperitoneal administration of paclitaxel. The intraperitoneal/plasma area under the drug concentration–time curve (AUC) ratio was 596.9:1.ConclusionIPC with paclitaxel after GD2 is a safe and cytologically effective treatment modality for free intraperitoneal cancer cells. However, additional data are required to determine the effect on survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:43–47. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic significance of S100A4 mRNA and protein expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kang Yoon‐Goo , Jung Chan‐Kwon , Lee Ahwon , Kang Won‐Kyung , Oh Seung‐Taek , Kang Chang‐Suk 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe calcium‐binding protein S100A4 promotes tumor progression and metastasis. We investigated the expression of S100A4 in colorectal cancer and its clinicopathologic significance in colorectal cancer.MethodsA total of 526 colorectal cancer patients were examined for S100A4 protein by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. S100A4 mRNA was subsequently investigated by in situ hybridization.ResultsS100A4 protein was expressed in various cell types including tumor cells, but S100A4 mRNA was only expressed in tumor cells. Cytoplasmic expression of S100A4 protein was seen in 127 (24.1%) of 526 tumors and significantly correlated with older age, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and worse overall survival. Nuclear expression of S100A4 protein was observed in 136 (25.9%) tumors and significantly related to the depth of invasion, perineural invasion, and worse overall survival. However, there was no correlation between S100A4 mRNA expression and clinicopathological parameters. Upon multivariate analysis nuclear expression of S100A4 protein was found to be an independent prognostic factor of poor survival.ConclusionsExpression of S100A4 protein in colorectal cancers may indicate tumor progression and lymph node metastasis and can be useful for prediction of overall survival of patients with colorectal cancers. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:119–124. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors predicting oncologic outcomes in patients with fewer than 12 lymph nodes retrieved after curative resection for colon cancer
Authors: Huh Jung Wook , Kim Chang Hyun , Kim Hyeong Rok , Kim Young Jin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to determine which clinicopathological factors influenced the long‐term survival after potentially curative resection of patients with colon cancer having fewer than 12 retrieved lymph nodes.MethodsProspective data were collected from 179 patients who had fewer than 12 resected lymph nodes after curative resection for stages I–III colon cancer. The oncological outcomes and the risk factors for recurrence were analyzed, focusing on lymph node ratio (LNR).ResultsThe median number of harvested lymph nodes was 7 (range, 1–11). The LNR was associated significantly with T category and lymphovascular invasion. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor diameter (P = 0.006), perineural invasion (P = 0.043), LNR (P = 0.002), and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (P = 0.013) were the independent predictors for 5‐year disease‐free survival; T category (P = 0.032), postoperative chemotherapy (P = 0.001), LNR (P = 0.007), and preoperative CEA level (P = 0.023) were the independent predictors for 5‐year overall survival.ConclusionsThe LNR and preoperative CEA level may be reliable predictors of recurrence and survival after curative surgery in patients with colon cancer who have less than 12 lymph nodes examined. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:125–129. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phytanic acid – a tetramethyl‐branched fatty acid in food
Authors: Vetter Walter , Schröder Markus 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPhytanic acid is a tetramethyl‐branched isoprenoid fatty acid. Its presence in food is linked with chlorophyll, which contains its precursor, i. e. the alcohol side‐chain phytol. The bioconversion of phytol into phytanic acid is effective particularly in the rumen and in the marine environment. Thus, milk, other dairy products and meat from ruminants as well as fish contain the highest concentrations of phytanic acid in the range of ˜100–500 mg/100 g lipids. Phytanic acid has been proposed as a marker for organic milk because its abundance can be linked to the amount of chlorophyll present in the cows' diet. Phytanic acid is also involved in a very rare but dramatic disease, and persons suffering from the so‐called Refsum syndrome have to restrict themselves to a diet with low levels of phytanic acid.
Late-Onset Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 Deficiency in an Adult Cured by Liver Transplantation
Authors: Bates Timothy R. , Lewis Barry D. , Burnett John R. , So Kenji , Mitchell Andrew , Delriviere Luc , Jeffrey Gary P. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are rare causes of hyperammonemic encephalopathy in adults. Most UCDs present in childhood and, if unrecognized, are rapidly fatal. Affected individuals who survive to adulthood may remain undiagnosed because of clinicians' unawareness of the condition or atypical presentations. We describe the case of a 49-year-old man who initially presented with a stroke and developed hyperammonemic encephalopathy over a period of 8 months. A diagnosis of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase type 1 deficiency was made, and the patient was referred for liver transplantation. One year after liver transplantation, the patient had normal plasma ammonia concentrations and had returned to work. Liver Transpl, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
Ultrathin and Large‐area Macroporous Polymeric Membranes Formed Through Self‐assembly of Sub‐10 nm Elastic Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wang Qian 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA variety of sub‐10 nm nanoparticles are successfully prepared by crosslinking of polystyrene‐b‐poly(1,3‐butadiene) (PS‐b‐PB) and polystyrene‐b‐poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) block copolymer micelles and inverse micelles. Among them, the core‐crosslinked PS‐b‐PB micelles can self‐assemble into ultrathin (< 10 nm) macroporous (pore size <1 µm) membranes in a facile way, i.e., by simply drop‐coating the particle solution onto a mica surface. No continuous/porous membranes are produced from shell‐crosslinked PS‐b‐PB micelles and both forms of PS‐b‐P4VP micelles. This suggests that the unique structure of the block copolymer precursor, including the very flexible core‐forming block and the glassy corona‐forming block and the specific block length ratio, directly determines the formation of the macroporous membrane. magnified image
Effects of ΔNp73β on cisplatin treatment in colon cancer cells
Authors: Lööf Jasmine , Pfeifer Daniella , Ding Zhenyu , Sun Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Hong 
Published: August 2011

Abstractp73 can activate transcription of p53‐responsive genes, thereby inhibiting cell growth. An alternative promoter in the TP73 gene gives rise to an N‐terminally truncated isoform of p73, ΔNp73, which lacks the transactivation domain of the full length TAp73 protein. TAp73 is considered pro‐apoptotic, and ΔNp73 anti‐apoptotic. In this study, we overexpressed ΔNp73β in p53 wild type and p53 mutant colon cancer cell lines and further exposed the cells to cancer therapeutic drug cisplatin. The results showed that cisplatin decreased the protein expression levels of ΔNp73β in a dose‐dependent manner, and both TAp73 and p53 were upregulated after cisplatin treatment. Further, clonogenic potential and cell viability were decreased, and apoptotic cells increased, in p53 mutant and in p53 wild type cells. Cellular viability was significantly higher in ΔNp73β‐cells than mock‐transfected cells. However, ΔNp73β overexpression did not affect the cellular susceptibility to cisplatin. In conclusion, the overexpression of ΔNp73β increases viability in p53 wild type and p53 mutant colon cancer cells, and cisplatin induces the degradation of ΔNp73β in a dose‐dependent manner. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo pharmacodynamics of indole‐3‐carbinol in the inhibition of prostate cancer in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice: Involvement of Nrf2 and cell cycle/apoptosis signaling pathways
Authors: Wu Tien‐Yuan , Saw Constance Lay‐Lay , Khor Tin Oo , Pung Douglas , Boyanapalli Sarandeep S.S. , Kong Ah‐Ng Tong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIndole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) found abundantly in crucifers has been shown to possess anti‐cancer effects. The present study aims to examine the chemopreventive effects and the molecular mechanism of I3C, particularly the anti‐oxidative stress pathway regulated by nuclear erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2). HepG2‐C8‐ARE‐luciferase cells were used for Nrf2‐ARE activity. TRAMP C1 cells were used to investigate the effects of I3C on Nrf2‐mediated genes. To test the chemopreventive efficacy of I3C, transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice were fed with 1% I3C supplemented diet for 12 or 16 wk. The expression of Nrf2 and its downstream target genes, cell cycle and apoptosis genes were investigated using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The protein expressions of these biomarkers were also investigated using Western blotting. I3C induced antioxidant response element (ARE)‐luciferase activity in a dose‐dependent manner. Treatments of TRAMP C1 cells with I3C also resulted in the induction of Nrf2‐mediated genes. I3C significantly suppressed the incidence of palpable tumor and reduced the genitourinary weight in TRAMP mice. Western blots and qPCR analyses of prostate tissues showed that I3C induced the expression of Nrf2, NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO‐1) as well as cell cycle and apoptosis related biomarkers in I3C‐fed TRAMP mice. This study demonstrated that the effectiveness of I3C as prostate cancer chemoprevention agent via up‐regulation of a novel Nrf2‐mediated anti‐oxidative stress pathway. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Precipitation Copolymerization of Vinyl‐imidazole and Vinyl‐pyrrolidone, 2 – Kinetic Model
Authors: Arosio Paolo , Mosconi Matteo , Storti Giuseppe , Banaszak Brian , Hungenberg Klaus‐Dieter , Morbidelli Massimo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA mathematical model simulating the precipitation polymerization of vinyl‐imidazole (VI) and vinyl‐pyrrolidone (VP) in organic solvent is developed. Free radical polymerization can occur in two phases: the continuous solvent rich one and the dispersed polymer‐rich one. The relevance of each reaction locus has been identified by comparing the simulation results of a reduced version of the comprehensive model of precipitation polymerization developed in this work to the experimental data of cumulative copolymer composition. It is found that the interphase transport of active chains between the two phases is negligible. Consequently, due to the equilibrium partitioning of monomers and initiator largely in favor of the dispersed phase, the polymer chains are mainly produced in the polymer‐rich phase. Finally, the comprehensive model including the population balance equations for active and dead polymer chains is discussed, which allows describing the complete molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the final product. This way, a further confirmation of the dominance of the precipitated phase as main reaction locus is provided.magnified image
A novel active MR probe using a miniaturized optical link for a 1.5‐T MRI scanner
Authors: Fandrey Stephan , Weiss Steffen , Müller Jörg 
Published: August 2011

AbstractApplying an active intravascular MR catheter device that allows signal transmission from the catheter tip requires special means to avoid radiofrequency‐induced heating. This article presents a novel, miniaturized all‐optical active MR probe to use with real‐time MRI in minimally invasive interventions for catheter guidance and intravascular imaging. An optical link transmits the received MR signals from the catheter tip to the MR receiver with inherently radiofrequency‐safe optical fibers. Furthermore, power is supplied optically to the transmitter as well. The complete integration into a small tube of 6‐Fr (2‐mm diameter) size with a 7‐Fr (2.33‐mm diameter) rigid tubing was realized using chip components for the optical modulator and a novel miniaturized optical bench fabricated from silicon substrates with 3D self‐aligning structures for fiber integration. In MRI phantom measurements, projection‐based tip tracking and high‐resolution imaging were successfully performed with the optical link inside a 1.5‐T MRI scanner. Images were obtained in a homogeneous phantom liquid, and first pictures were acquired from inside a kiwi that demonstrates the potential of the MR‐safe optical link. The signal‐to‐noise ratio has significantly improved compared with former systems, and it is demonstrated that the novel optical link exhibits a signal‐to‐noise ratio comparable to a direct electrical link. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robust multipoint water‐fat separation using fat likelihood analysis
Authors: Yu Huanzhou , Reeder Scott B. , Shimakawa Ann , McKenzie Charles A. , Brittain Jean H. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFat suppression is an essential part of routine MRI scanning. Multiecho chemical‐shift based water‐fat separation methods estimate and correct for Bo field inhomogeneity. However, they must contend with the intrinsic challenge of water‐fat ambiguity that can result in water‐fat swapping. This problem arises because the signals from two chemical species, when both are modeled as a single discrete spectral peak, may appear indistinguishable in the presence of Bo off‐resonance. In conventional methods, the water‐fat ambiguity is typically removed by enforcing field map smoothness using region growing based algorithms. In reality, the fat spectrum has multiple spectral peaks. Using this spectral complexity, we introduce a novel concept that identifies water and fat for multiecho acquisitions by exploiting the spectral differences between water and fat. A fat likelihood map is produced to indicate if a pixel is likely to be water‐dominant or fat‐dominant by comparing the fitting residuals of two different signal models. The fat likelihood analysis and field map smoothness provide complementary information, and we designed an algorithm (Fat Likelihood Analysis for Multiecho Signals) to exploit both mechanisms. It is demonstrated in a wide variety of data that the Fat Likelihood Analysis for Multiecho Signals algorithm offers highly robust water‐fat separation for 6‐echo acquisitions, particularly in some previously challenging applications. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SOX10 mutation with peripheral amyelination and developmental disturbance of axons
Authors: Parthey Kathleen , Kornhuber Malte , Kunze Christian , Wand Dorothea , Nolte Kay W. , Nikolin Stefan , Weis Joachim , Schröder J. Michael 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this study we describe a case of a term infant with the neurological variant of Waardenburg syndrome type 4 (i.e., PCWH = peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, central dysmyelinating leukodystrophy, Waardenburg syndrome, and Hirschsprung disease, as defined in OMIM #609136) due to a novel heterozygous base exchange (c.671C>G) in exon 4 of SOX10. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested central myelin deficiency with cerebral and cerebellar hypoplasia. Hirschsprung disease was confirmed by rectal biopsy. Sural nerve biopsy revealed hypoplasia due to amyelination (with the exception of a single, small myelinated fiber) and severe reduction in the number of axons. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Carpal tunnel syndrome: Clinical, electrophysiological, and ultrasonographic ratio after surgery
Authors: Kim Jun Yeon , Yoon Joon Shik , Kim Sei Joo , Won Sun Jae , Jeong Jin Seok 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and to highlight the ultrasonographic cross‐sectional area (CSA) ratio as a tool for assessing outcomes by investigating postoperative changes. Methods: Twenty‐four individuals with CTS were evaluated using the Boston questionnaire, nerve conduction studies, and ultrasound, preoperatively and at 3 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. Results: Improved symptom scores, decreased CSA, and decreased CSA ratio were observed in the first 3 weeks, but functional improvement was also observed after 3 weeks postoperatively. The ratios between the CSA at the sites of enlargement and unaffected areas correlated significantly with the Padua classification, although the coefficient was not superior to the coefficient of CSA at the maximal swelling site. Conclusions: Symptoms improved more rapidly than function after surgery. Measurement of the ultrasonographic CSA ratio may provide clinicians with a useful assessment tool after surgery. Muscle Nerve, 2012
H‐reflex modulation in the human medial and lateral gastrocnemii during standing and walking
Authors: Makihara Yukiko , Segal Richard L. , Wolpaw Jonathan R. , Thompson Aiko K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The soleus H‐reflex is dynamically modulated during walking. However, modulation of the gastrocnemii H‐reflexes has not been studied systematically. Methods: The medial and lateral gastrocnemii (MG and LG) and soleus H‐reflexes were measured during standing and walking in humans. Results: Maximum H‐reflex amplitude was significantly smaller in MG (mean 1.1 mV) or LG (1.1 mV) than in soleus (3.3 mV). Despite these size differences, the reflex amplitudes of the three muscles were positively correlated. The MG and LG H‐reflexes were phase‐ and task‐dependently modulated in ways similar to the soleus H‐reflex. Conclusions: Although there are anatomical and physiological differences between the soleus and gastrocnemii muscles, the reflexes of the three muscles are similarly modulated during walking and between standing and walking. Our findings support the hypothesis that these reflexes are synergistically modulated during walking to facilitate ongoing movement. Muscle Nerve 45: 116–125, 2012