bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coagulopathy in α‐galactosyl transferase knockout pulmonary xenotransplants
Authors: Bush Errol L. , Barbas Andrew S. , Holzknecht Zoie E. , Byrne Guerard W. , McGregor Christopher G. , Parker William , Davis R. Duane , Lin Shu S. 
Published: February 2011

Bush EL, Barbas AS, Holzknecht ZE, Byrne GW, McGregor CG, Parker W, Duane Davis R, Lin SS. Coagulopathy in α‐galactosyl transferase knockout pulmonary xenotransplants. Xenotransplantation 2011; 18: 6–13. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract: Background:  After substantial progress on many fronts, one of the remaining barriers still opposing the clinical application of xenotransplantation is a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) that is observed in the pre‐clinical model of porcine‐to‐primate transplantation. The onset of DIC is particularly rapid in recipients of pulmonary xenografts, usually occurring within the first days or even hours of reperfusion.Methods:  In this study, we describe the results of two porcine‐to‐baboon transplants utilizing porcine lungs depleted of macrophages, deficient in the α‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase gene, and with the expression of human decay‐accelerating factor, a complement regulatory protein.Results:  In both cases, evidence of DIC was observed within 48 h of reperfusion, with thrombocytopenia and increases in levels of thrombin–antithrombin complex evident in both cases. Depletion of fibrinogen was observed in one graft, whereas elevation of D‐dimer levels was observed in the other. One graft, which showed focal lymphocytic infiltrates pre‐operatively, failed within 3 h.Conclusions:  The results indicate that further efforts to address the coagulopathy associated with pulmonary xenotransplantation are needed. Further, evidence suggests that resident porcine immune cells can play an important role in the coagulopathy associated with xenotransplantation.
Determination of the Correlation Between Stallion’s Age and Number of Sex Chromosome Aberrations in Spermatozoa
Authors: Bugno‐Poniewierska M , Kozub D , Pawlina K , Tischner M , Tischner M , Słota E , Wnuk M 
Published: February 2011

ContentsThe aim of this study was a cytogenetic analysis of stallions semen to find sex chromosome aberrations and to determine if there was an association between stallion’s age and aberration frequency for the sex chromosomes. Sperm samples were collected from 22 stallions of various age from 3 to 23 years. Multicolour FISH was performed on each sample, using probes for the sex chromosomes and EGFR gene, localized on 4p12 in domestic horse. A total of 26199 sperm cells were analysed (from 1 070 to 1 532 per animal). Among the analysed cells, there were 50.318% with X chromosome, 48.543% with Y chromosome and 1.139% with aberrant chromosomes. The frequency of aberrations was: sex chromosomes nullisomy (0.466%), XY aneuploidy (0.454%), XX disomy (0.146%), YY disomy (0.041%), diploidy (0.024%) and trisomy XXY (0.008%). Additionally there was a correlation between the age of an animal and the frequency of sex chromosome aberration and a significant positive correlation between age and disomy of XY, XX, YY, trisomy of XXY, autosomal disomy was seen. A Correlation between the age of a stallion and the level of nullisomy was negative. The present study demonstrated that FISH technique is a powerful method to identify sex chromosome aberrations in equine spermatozoa and might be very helpful for a breeder during a selection for the best stallion.
Gestational and family risk factors for carriers of congenital heart defects in southern Brazil
Authors: Zen Tatiana Diehl , Rosa Rafael Fabiano Machado , Zen Paulo Ricardo Gazzola , Trevisan Patrícia , da Silva Alessandra Pawelec , Ricachinevsky Cláudia Pires , Paskulin Giorgio Adriano 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:  Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a serious threat to public health. Despite this, its etiology is poorly understood and few cardiac teratogens have been defined. The aim of the present study was to identify gestational and family risk factors for CHD in a sample of patients from a pediatric hospital in southern Brazil.Methods:  A prospective and consecutive sample from subjects with or without CHD, hospitalized at a pediatric intensive care unit, was enrolled. All patients with CHD underwent a GTG‐banding karyotype. Chromosomal abnormalities were observed in 47 subjects (15.8%), and these were excluded from the study. The final sample consisted of 250 CHD subjects and 303 controls.Results:  After statistical analysis, using logistic regression, the variables age, rural location, gestational loss, use of anti‐hypertensive medication, antibiotics and alcohol in the first trimester of pregnancy were all independently associated with CHD. These results were similar to those of some studies and different from others. It should be noted, however, that, for several variables, the data in the literature as well as the present study were insufficient to determine risk.Conclusions:  Some differences found may be explained by genetic factors and sociocultural diversity. In contrast, because CHD consists of a heterogeneous group of lesions, the etiology may vary. The standardization of research data and classification of methods for future studies are essential.
Prognostic variables for shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) treatment success: no impact of body mass index (BMI) using a third generation lithotripter
Authors: Hatiboglu Gencay , Popeneciu Valentin , Kurosch Martin , Huber Johannes , Pahernik Sascha , Pfitzenmaier Jesco , Haferkamp Axel , Hohenfellner Markus 
Published: February 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Therapy success in SWL treatment differs between individuals. According to recent studies done with first and second generation lithotripters, different prognostic variables like stone size, stone location, stone composition, age of patient and BMI have been shown to have prognostic relevance for outcome after SWL treatment.This study has been performed with a newer, third generation lithotripter. According to this study, BMI has no impact on SWL treatment success. Therefore, SWL treatment with newer generation lithotripters should be considered for the treatment of kidney stones in overweight and obese patients.OBJECTIVE• To investigate the effect of different variables including body mass index (BMI) on therapy outcome in patients with upper urinary tract stones treated with a third generation lithotripter, as BMI has been reported to be an independent predictor for stone‐free status after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) performed with first or second generation lithotripters.PATIENTS AND METHODS• In all, 172 patients with kidney stones with a mean (range) size of 9.2 (3.0–32.0) mm were included in the study.• In all, 91 patients (52.9%) were treated with a ureteric stent in situ.• For SWL therapy a third generation, electromagnetic lithotripter (Siemens LithoskopTM) was used. Stone‐free status was reached, when no more treatable stones were present (no stone or stone < 3 mm).• BMI, stone size and localization, age, gender, treatment parameters and ureteric stent in situ were evaluated for their prognostic relevance on therapy success.RESULTS• The mean (range) BMI of all patients was 27.8 (19.0–58.6) kg/m2.• Patients were categorized into two groups: A) patients that were stone free after one treatment; B) patients with residual stones. The mean (sd) BMI was 27.4 (4.6) kg/m2 and 28.4 (6.1) kg/m2 for A and B, respectively.• Univariate and multivariate analysis for freedom of stones showed that only stone size (P < 0.01) and presence of a ureteric stent (P= 0.01) were independent prognostic variables.• BMI had no significant influence on therapy outcome (P= 0.51).CONCLUSIONS• Using a third generation lithotripter, BMI was not an independent predictor of stone‐free rate after SWL therapy of kidney stones.• This effect might be attributed to a greater penetration depth of the shockwave energy. Stone size and a ureteric stent in situ were the only variables with prognostic significance.
ROSES: role of self‐monitoring of blood glucose and intensive education in patients with Type 2 diabetes not receiving insulin. A pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Franciosi M. , Lucisano G. , Pellegrini F. , Cantarello A. , Consoli A. , Cucco L. , Ghidelli R. , Sartore G. , Sciangula L. , Nicolucci A. ,   on behalf of the ROSES Study Group
Published: February 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 789–796 (2011)AbstractAims  To estimate the efficacy of a self‐monitoring‐based disease management strategy in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with oral agent monotherapy.Methods  This was an open‐label, randomized, pilot study, primarily led by diabetes nurses. Patients were randomly allocated to either a self‐monitoring‐based disease management strategy or usual care (ratio 3:1) and followed up for 6 months. Education was centred on how to modify lifestyle according self‐monitoring readings. Self‐monitoring of blood glucose results were discussed during monthly telephone contact. The primary endpoint was mean change in HbA1c levels, estimated with an ANOVA for repeated measures. All analyses were intention to treat.Results  Three diabetic clinics recruited 62 patients, of whom five were lost to follow‐up. At baseline, both groups had a mean HbA1c value of 7.9% ± 0.6% (63 ± 6 mmol/mol). After 6 months, mean HbA1c reduction was 1.2 ± 0.1% (–13 ± 1 mmol/mol) in the intervention group and 0.7 ± 0.2 (–8 ± 2 mmol/mol) in the control group, with an absolute mean difference between groups of –0.5% (95% CI −0.9 to −0.0%; P = 0.04) (−5 mmol/mol, 95% CI −10 to 0). At study end, 61.9% of patients in the intervention group and 20.0% in the control group reached the target level of HbA1c < 7.0% (< 53 mmol/mol) (P = 0.005). Body weight reduction was significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group (between‐group absolute mean difference: −3.99 kg; 95% CI −7.26 to −0.73; P = 0.02). Therapy changes were more frequent in the control group.Conclusions  A self‐monitoring disease management strategy, primarily led by diabetes nurses and allowing a timely and efficient use of self‐monitoring readings, is able to improve metabolic control, primarily through lifestyle modifications leading to weight loss.
Maimonides and Psychoanalysis – Maimonides' Cure of Souls: Medieval Precursor of Psychoanalysis – By David Bakan, Dan Merkur and David Weiss
Authors: Blumenthal David R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis book is fascinating. For those of us for whom the study of Maimonides has been rooted in history of thought or in systematic philosophy and theology, this book provides a psychotherapeutic and psychoanalytic reading of Maimonides. And, for those of us for whom study of Freud has been rooted in history of psychoanalysis, this book provides an insight into an important source for some of Freud's most radical ideas.
CONCEPTUAL EVIDENTIALISM
Authors: NAYDING INGA 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTwo recent arguments purport to find a new and firmer foundation for evidentialism in the very nature of the concept of belief. Evidentialism is claimed to be a conceptual truth about belief, and pragmatism to be ruled out, conceptually. But can the conclusion of such conceptual arguments be regarded as the denial of pragmatism? The pragmatist traditionally conceived belief through its motivational role. Therefore, when confronted with conceptual evidentialism, the pragmatist should cede the term ‘belief,’ but insist that pragmatism be understood as a claim about another attitude, a motivational duplicate of belief. Thus, the original dispute is simply relocated terminologically.
WHY FREE WILL REMAINS A MYSTERY
Authors: SHABO SETH 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPeter van Inwagen contends that free will is a mystery. Here I present an argument in the spirit of van Inwagen's. According to the Assimilation Argument, libertarians cannot plausibly distinguish causally undetermined actions, the ones they take to be exercises of free will, from overtly randomized outcomes of the sort nobody would count as exercises of free will. I contend that the Assimilation Argument improves on related arguments in locating the crucial issues between van Inwagen and libertarians who hope to demystify free will, while avoiding objections these arguments have faced.
Responsibility modulates neural mechanisms of outcome processing: An ERP study
Authors: Li Peng , Han Chunhui , Lei Yi , Holroyd Clay B. , Li Hong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe role of personal responsibility in decision‐making and its influence on the outcome evaluation process have been investigated relatively rarely in cognitive neuroscience. The present event‐related brain potential (ERP) study manipulated the subjective sense of responsibility by modifying outcome controllability in a gambling task. Participants reported a higher sense of responsibility and produced a larger fERN when they were told that the game was ‘controllable’ compared with when they were told that the game was ‘uncontrollable.’ In addition, fERN amplitude was correlated with individual self‐reports of personal responsibility over the outcomes. These results indicate that self‐attribution of responsibility associated with different degrees of controllability affects the outcome evaluation process and fERN amplitude.
Individual placement and support – a model to get employed for people with mental illness – the first Swedish report of outcomes
Authors: Nygren Ulla , Markström Urban , Svensson Bengt , Hansson Lars , Sandlund Mikael 
Published: February 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 591–598

Individual placement and support – a model to get employed for people with mental illness – the first Swedish report of outcomes Lack of participation in the open labour market is highly prevalent for people with a mental illness across countries, and the proportion of people who get some kind of sickness benefit because of mental illness is steadily growing in Europe. Vocational rehabilitation through individual placement and support (IPS) has been shown to be effective and is evidence‐based for people with severe mental illness. In Sweden, the method is used but not scientifically evaluated. The aim was to investigate vocational and nonvocational outcomes at a 1‐year follow‐up and the relationships between these outcomes, at two different sites in the north of Sweden. The participants were 65 men and women, mostly younger than 30 years of age and with a mental illness. Occupational situation, psychiatric symptoms, self‐esteem, quality of life and psychosocial functioning were assessed. The vocational outcome during 1 year was that 25% of the participants were employed, and 14% were in education. Most of the participants moved from unemployment to work practice for a prolonged time. Participants in employment, education or work practice at follow‐up showed higher satisfaction with their occupational situation than those without regular activities outside home. Among the participants in work practice, improvements in psychiatric symptoms and global functioning were identified. This attempt is the first to evaluate supported employment according to the IPS model for persons with mental illness applied in the Swedish welfare system. There is a need for a longer follow‐up period to evaluate whether interventions such as further education and work practice actually will lead to real work.
Pharmacodynamic interaction between pantoprazole and vecuronium at neuromuscular junction
Authors: Vadgama V. K. , Patel Y. A. , Patel T. K. , Tripathi C. B. 
Published: February 2011

Summary 1 The effect of pantoprazole on vecuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade in in vivo has not been clearly defined. In this study, we demonstrate that chronic administration, but not acute administration, of pantoprazole alters the pattern of vecuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade. 2 This study was designed to evaluate the effect of acute and chronic administration of pantoprazole on vecuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade using the rat in vivo sciatic nerve‐stimulated gastrocnemius preparation. 3 Vecuronium was administered as a slow intravenous infusion (29.41 μg kg−1 min−1) until the gastrocnemius twitch response to sciatic nerve stimulation was completely abolished. The effect of acute (single dose, i.v.) and chronic administration (per oral for 21 days) of pantoprazole (3.64 mg kg−1) on vecuronium‐induced blockade was assessed by comparing ED50 values, time required for 50% block, ED95 values, block duration and percentage of recovery with respect to control. 4 Acute administration of pantoprazole had no significant effect on any parameter of vecuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade. Chronic administration of pantoprazole significantly reduced vecuronium ED50 value, time for 50% block, ED95 value and percentage recovery from blockade compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Reduction in the duration of vecuronium‐induced blockade was not significantly affected by chronic treatment with pantoprazole compared with control. 5 On chronic administration, pantoprazole may produce earlier block, quick relaxation and reduces the recovery of vecuronium without affecting its duration of action.
Familial monoclonal gammopathy: hyper‐responsive B cells in unaffected family members
Authors: Steingrímsdóttir Hlíf , Einarsdóttir Helga K. , Haraldsdóttir Vilhelmína , Ögmundsdóttir Helga M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:  In Iceland, eight families have been identified with multiple cases of monoclonal gammopathies (MG) and other lymphoproliferative diseases. In one of these families with several cases of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and Waldenströms macroglobulinemia, in vitro stimulation with poke‐weed mitogen revealed hyper‐responsive B cells showing increased immunoglobulin production in one‐third of disease‐free family members.Design and methods:  In this study, the families were further traced and the list of names produced was compared with The Icelandic Cancer Registry (ICR) to find all recent cases of lymphoproliferative diseases. First‐degree relatives and descendants older than 20 yrs of age (n = 350) were selected for screening for paraprotein. Selected family members were tested for B‐cell hyper‐responsiveness and the lymphocyte phenotype was analysed by flow cytometry.Results:  Comparison of the total list of 4370 family members with the ICR revealed 22 new cases and screening for serum paraprotein identified nine new cases of MG, eight being first‐degree relatives of known probands. Sixty cases of lymphoproliferative diseases are currently known within the eight families, five of them containing both IgG/A and IgM disorders. Twelve hyper‐responders (HR) were identified in four families, eight from one family, of whom four were known already. Stimulated B cells from HR had a significantly higher proportion of CD27+ memory/plasma cells than controls.Conclusion:  Identification of new affected family members by screening confirms a hereditary predisposition to B‐cell proliferative diseases. Contrary to most studies, IgG/A and IgM disorders occurred together in five families. In four families, enhanced B‐cell responsiveness was found in healthy subjects clustered around cases.
Time‐trend changes and psychological risk factors for soiling: findings from the Finnish 16‐year time‐trend study
Authors: Sourander Andre 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAims:  To study changes and associated risk factors in 8‐year‐old children’s soiling at three time points: 1989, 1999 and 2005.Methods:  Three cross‐sectional representative samples were compared. All children born in 1981 (1989 sample, n = 1038), 1991 (1999 sample, n = 1035) and 1997 (2005 sample, n = 1030) living in selected school districts in south‐west Finland served as study samples. Parents were asked about the child’s soiling at age eight. Information about parental education level, family structure and child psychopathology was obtained from parents, teachers and children.Results:  The prevalence of soiling among 8‐year‐old boys was very similar (1989/1999/2005: 4.9%/4.9%/4.5%) while among girls the prevalence increased (1.0%/2.9%/3.7%; p < 0.05) during the 16‐year period. Living in a non‐intact family and mother’s lower education level were associated with soiling among boys, while a high level of conduct, emotional and self‐reported depressive symptoms was associated with soiling among girls. Hyperactivity symptoms were associated with soiling among both boys and girls.Conclusions:  The study shows an increase in prevalence of soiling among girls. Soiling among girls is associated with psychiatric problems.
48,XXYY, 48,XXXY and 49,XXXXY syndromes: not just variants of Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Tartaglia Nicole , Ayari Natalie , Howell Susan , D’Epagnier Cheryl , Zeitler Philip 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSex chromosome tetrasomy and pentasomy conditions occur in 1:18 000–1:100 000 male births. While often compared with 47,XXY/Klinefelter syndrome because of shared features including tall stature and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, 48,XXYY, 48,XXXY and 49,XXXXY syndromes are associated with additional physical findings, congenital malformations, medical problems and psychological features. While the spectrum of cognitive abilities extends much higher than originally described, developmental delays, cognitive impairments and behavioural disorders are common and require strong treatment plans. Future research should focus on genotype–phenotype relationships and the development of evidence‐based treatments.Conclusion:  The more complex physical, medical and psychological phenotypes of 48,XXYY, 48,XXXY and 49,XXXXY syndromes make distinction from 47,XXY important; however, all of these conditions share features of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and the need for increased awareness, biomedical research and the development of evidence‐based treatments.
Weight gain and nutritional intake in obese pregnant women: Some clues for intervention
Authors: DE JERSEY Susan J. , ROSS Lynda J. , HIMSTEDT Kellie , MCINTYRE H. David , CALLAWAY Leonie K. ,   for the BAMBINO Study Group
Published: February 2011

AbstractAim:  Maternal obesity is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes for mothers and offspring. Strategies to better manage maternal obesity are urgently needed; however, there is little evidence to assist the development of nutrition interventions during antenatal care. The present study aimed to assess maternal weight gain and dietary intakes of overweight and obese women participating in an exercise trial. Results will assist the development of interventions for the management of maternal overweight and obesity.Methods:  Fifty overweight and obese pregnant women receiving antenatal care were recruited and provided dietary and weight data at baseline (12 weeks), 28 weeks, 36 weeks gestation and 6 weeks post‐partum. Data collected were compared with current nutritional and weight gain recommendations. Associations used Pearson's correlation coefficient, and ANOVA assessed dietary changes over time, P < 0.05.Results:  Mean prepregnancy body mass index was 34.4 ± 6.6 kg/m2. Gestational weight gain was 10.6 ± 6 kg with a wide range (−4.1 to 23.0 kg). 52% of women gained excessive weight (>11.5 kg for overweight and >9 kg for obese women). Gestational weight gain correlated with post‐partum weight retention (P < 0.001). Dietary intakes did not change significantly during pregnancy. No women achieved dietary fat or dietary iron recommendations, only 11% achieved adequate dietary folate, and 38% achieved adequate dietary calcium. Very few women achieved recommended food group servings for pregnancy, with 83% consuming excess servings of non‐core foods.Conclusion:  Results provide evidence that early intervention and personalised support for obese pregnant women may help achieve individualised goals for maternal weight gain and dietary adequacy, but this needs to be tested in a clinical setting.