bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basement membranes in development and disease
Authors: Wiradjaja Fenny , DiTommaso Tia , Smyth Ian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBasement membranes (BMs) are specializations of the extracellular matrix that act as key mediators of development and disease. Their sheet like protein matrices typically serve to separate epithelial or endothelial cell layers from underlying mesenchymal tissues, providing both a biophysical support to overlying tissue as well as a hub to promote and regulate cell–cell and cell–protein interactions. In the latter context, the BM is increasingly being recognized as a mediator of growth factor interactions during development. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the structure of the BM and its roles in mediating the normal development of the embryo, and we examine congenital diseases affecting the BM which impact embryonic development and health in later life. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 90:8–31, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapeutic potential of the immunomodulatory activities of adult mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Petrie Aronin Caren E. , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAdult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) include a select population of resident cells within adult tissues, which retain the ability to differentiate along several tissue‐specific lineages under defined media conditions and have finite expansion potential in vitro. These adult progenitor populations have been identified in various tissues, but it remains unclear exactly what role both transplanted and native MSCs play in processes of disease and regeneration. Interestingly, increasing evidence reveals a unique antiinflammatory immunomodulatory phenotype shared among this population, lending support to the idea that MSCs play a central role in early tissue remodeling responses where a controlled inflammatory response is required. However, additional evidence suggests that MSCs may not retain infinite immune privilege and that the context with which these cells are introduced in vivo may influence their immune phenotype. Therefore, understanding this dynamic microenvironment in which MSCs participate in complex feedback loops acting upon and being influenced by a plethora of secreted cytokines, extracellular matrix molecules, and fragments will be critical to elucidating the role of MSCs in the intertwined processes of immunomodulation and tissue repair. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 90:67–74, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mammalian synthetic biology – from tools to therapies
Authors: Aubel Dominique , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMammalian synthetic biology holds the promise of providing novel therapeutic strategies, and the first success stories are beginning to be reported. Here we focus on the latest generation of mammalian transgene control devices, highlight state‐of‐the‐art synthetic gene network design, and cover prototype therapeutic circuits. These will have an impact on future gene‐ and cell‐based therapies and help bring drug discovery into a new era. The inventory of biological parts that are essential for life on this planet is becoming increasingly complete. The postgenomic era has provided encyclopedic information on gene‐function correlations and systems biology is now delivering comprehensive details on the dynamics of biochemical reaction networks in living organisms. The time has come to reassemble these catalogued items and design new biological devices and systems with novel and useful functionality in a rational and systematic manner. This is the premise of synthetic biology, a constructive systems biology discipline likely to become the life science revolution of the 21st century.
Identifying co-morbidity in surgical patients using administrative data with the Royal College of Surgeons Charlson Score
Authors: Armitage J N , van der Meulen J H 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Surgical outcomes are influenced by co-morbidity. The Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) Co-morbidity Consensus Group was convened to improve existing instruments that identify co-morbidity in International Classification of Diseases tenth revision administrative data.

Methods
The RCS Charlson Score was developed using a coding philosophy that enhances international transferability and avoids misclassifying complications as co-morbidity. The score was validated in English Hospital Episode Statistics data for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair, aortic valve replacement, total hip replacement and transurethral prostate resection.

Results
With exception of AAA, patients with co-morbidity were older and more likely to be admitted as an emergency than those without. All patients with co-morbidity stayed longer in hospital, required more augmented care, and had higher in-hospital and 1-year mortality rates. Multivariable prognostic models incorporating the RCS Charlson Score had better discriminatory power than those that relied only on age, sex, admission method (elective or emergency) and number of emergency admissions in the preceding year.

Conclusion
The RCS Charlson Score identifies co-morbidity in surgical patients in England at least as well as existing instruments. Given its explicit coding philosophy, it may be used as a co-morbidity scoring instrument for international comparisons.
Obesity and gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Donohoe C L , Pidgeon G P , Lysaght J , Reynolds J V 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundThere is emerging evidence of a strong association between obesity and gastrointestinal cancer. This review summarizes the evidence from an epidemiological and pathophysiological perspective.MethodsRelevant medical literature was identified from searches of PubMed and references cited in appropriate articles were identified. Selection of articles was based on peer review, journal and relevance.ResultsNumerous epidemiological studies consistently identified an increased risk of developing oesophageal adenocarcinoma and colorectal carcinoma in the obese. The association between obesity and other gastrointestinal malignancies was less robust. Sex seems important with respect to cancer risk. Adipose tissue, particularly viscerally located fat, is metabolically active and exerts systemic endocrine effects. Putative pathophysiological mechanisms linking obesity and carcinogenesis include the insulin-like growth factor axis, adipocytokines and sex steroids.ConclusionA better understanding of the mechanisms that link obesity and cancer may uncover targets for intervention. Tackling obesity may result in a reduction in the incidence in addition to mortality of certain cancers in future.
Chromosomal integration of a synthetic expression control sequence achieves poly‐γ‐glutamate production in a Bacillus subtilis strain
Authors: Yeh Chuan‐Mei , Wang Jyh‐Perng , Lo Shih‐Ching , Chan Wen‐Chia , Lin Ming‐Yi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPoly‐γ‐glutamate (γ‐PGA) has applications in food, medical, cosmetic, animal feed, and wastewater industries. Bacillus subtilis DB430, which possesses the γ‐PGA synthesis ywsC‐ywtAB genes in its chromosome, cannot produce γ‐PGA. An efficient synthetic expression control sequence (SECS) was introduced into the upstream region of the ywtABC genes, and this resulted in γ‐PGA‐producing B. subtilis mutant strains. Mutant B. subtilis PGA6‐2 stably produces high levels of γ‐PGA in medium A without supplementation of extra glutamic acid or ammonium chloride. The mutant B. subtilis PGA 6‐2 is not only a γ‐PGA producer, but it is also a candidate for the genetic and metabolic engineering of γ‐PGA production. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
13C‐metabolic flux analysis for batch culture of Escherichia coli and its pyk and pgi gene knockout mutants based on mass isotopomer distribution of intracellular metabolites
Authors: Toya Yoshihiro , Ishii Nobuyoshi , Nakahigashi Kenji , Hirasawa Takashi , Soga Tomoyoshi , Tomita Masaru , Shimizu Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSince most bio‐production processes are conducted in a batch or fed‐batch manner, the evaluation of metabolism with respect to time is highly desirable. Toward this aim, we applied 13C‐metabolic flux analysis to nonstationary conditions by measuring the mass isotopomer distribution of intracellular metabolites. We performed our analysis on batch cultures of wild‐type Escherichia coli, as well as on Pyk and Pgi mutants, obtained the fluxes and metabolite concentrations as a function of time. Our results for the wild‐type indicated that the TCA cycle flux tended to increase during growth on glucose. Following glucose exhaustion, cells controlled the branch ratio between the glyoxylate pathway and the TCA cycle, depending on the availability of acetate. In the Pyk mutant, the concentrations of glycolytic intermediates changed drastically over time due to the dumping and feedback inhibition caused by PEP accumulation. Nevertheless, the flux distribution and free amino acid concentrations changed little. The growth rate and the fluxes remained constant in the Pgi mutant and the glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase reaction was the rate‐limiting step. The measured fluxes were compared with those predicted by flux balance analysis using maximization of biomass yield or ATP production. Our findings indicate that the objective function of biosynthesis became less important as time proceeds on glucose in the wild‐type, while it remained highly important in the Pyk mutant. Furthermore, ATP production was the primary objective function in the Pgi mutant. This study demonstrates how cells adjust their metabolism in response to environmental changes and/or genetic perturbations in the batch cultivation. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Removal of heavy metals from water effluents using supermacroporous metal chelating cryogels
Authors: Önnby Linda , Giorgi Camilla , Plieva Fatima M. , Mattiasson Bo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractApplications of IDA in, for example, immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography for purification of His‐tagged proteins are well recognized. The use of IDA as an efficient chelating adsorbent for environmental separations, that is, for the capture of heavy metals, is not studied. Adsorbents based on supermacroporous gels (cryogels) bearing metal chelating functionalities (IDA residues and ligand derived from derivatization of epoxy‐cryogel with tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine followed by the treatment with bromoacetic acid (defined as TBA ligand)) have been prepared and evaluated on capture of heavy metal ions. The cryogels were prepared in plastic carriers, resulting in desired mechanical stability and named as macroporous gel particles (MGPs). Sorption and desorption experiments for different metals (Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ with IDA adsorbent and Cu2+ and Zn2+ with TBA adsorbent) were carried out in batch and monolithic modes, respectively. Obtained capacities with Cu2+ were 74 μmol/mL (TBA) and 19 μmol/mL gel (IDA). The metal removal was higher for pH values between pH 3 and 5. Both adsorbents showed improved sorption at lower temperatures (10°C) than at higher (40°C) and the adsorption significantly dropped for the TBA adsorbent and Zn2+ at 40°C. Desorption of Cu2+ by using 1 M HCl and 0.1 M EDTA was successful for the IDA adsorbent whereas the desorption with the TBA adsorbent needs further attention. The result of this work has demonstrated that MGPs are potential treatment alternatives within the field of environmental separations and the removal of heavy metals from water effluents. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Substrate Conformations Set the Rate of Enzymatic Acrylation by Lipases
Authors: Syrén Per‐Olof , Hult Karl 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAcrylates represent a class of α,β‐unsaturated compounds of high industrial importance. We investigated the influence of substrate conformations on the experimentally determined reaction rates of the enzyme‐catalysed transacylation of methyl acrylate and derivatives by ab initio DFT B3LYP calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. The results supported a least‐motion mechanism upon the sp2 to sp3 substrate transition to reach the transition state in the enzyme active site. This was in accordance with our hypothesis that acrylates form productive transition states from their low‐energy s‐sis/s‐trans conformations. Apparent kcat values were measured for Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), Humicola insolens cutinase and Rhizomucor miehei lipase and were compared to results from computer simulations. More potent enzymes for acryltransfer, such as the CALB mutant V190A and acrylates with higher turnover numbers, showed elevated populations of productive transition states.
Use of mechanical assist during high‐risk PCI and STEMI with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Cyrus Tillmann , Mathews Santhosh J. , Lasala John M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractInfarct size may be reduced by left ventricular unloading after ST‐segment elevation MI (STEMI) in addition to reperfusion therapy. Likewise, high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may benefit from periprocedural support especially in patients with low cardiac output at baseline or when periprocedural hemodynamic deterioration is anticipated. Traditionally, intraaortic balloon‐pumps have been used in acute MI with cardiogenic shock. As this modality has limited hemodynamic benefits, new developments have focused on active hemodynamic assist devices. These devices actively unload the left ventricle increasing cardiac output by 2.5–5 L/min and are increasingly easier to implant and monitor. Thus, interventional cardiologists will be able to offer a safer more effective alternative to an increasing patient population with complex cardiac conditions and high‐risk PCI. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral antiplatelet therapy in PCI patients
Authors: Sharma Samin K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the treatment of obstructive coronary artery disease has expanded rapidly in the past decade. Despite the extensive technological advancements in the field, pharmacotherapy has remained a cornerstone in the overall treatment strategy. Oral antiplatelet therapy has become an essential component of therapy with acute coronary syndromes and in PCI by improving clinical outcomes. This article reviews the antiplatelet options for patients undergoing PCI, including aspirin, ADP receptor blockers, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conclusion
Authors: Lasala John M. , Mehran Roxana , Moses Jeffrey W. , Popma Jeffrey J. , Reiner Jonathan S. , Sharma Samin K. , Vetrovec George W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA panel of leaders in the field of interventional cardiology convened to discuss the evidence‐based management of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The articles in this supplement are based on individual presentations given during the panel meeting. Following are key points of the panel's discussion and areas that the panel has indicated warrant further study. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alcohol septal ablation after myomectomy failure solutions for unusual cases
Authors: Cano Manuel Nicolas , Fortunato de Cano Silvia Judith , Sousa J. Eduardo M.R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report an eight‐year‐old child presented with classical features of Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy and with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III symptoms, eight months after Myectomy and refractory to medical treatment. Cardiac transplantation was indicated due to the severity of symptoms. But the Lymphocyte Reaction Test showed almost 100% reaction of antibodies, and the surgeons rejected the heart transplantation for fear of hyperacute rejection. Then an Alcohol Septal Ablation (ASA) was proposed, which was successfully performed on August 17, 2005. The post‐extrasystolic gradient was reduced from 160 to 60 mm Hg immediately and no other complications were seen. The child is being followed since then and echocardiography changes include a further reduction of septum thickness and gradient (P = 0.001), and important symptoms relieved after 3.5 years of follow up. ASA may be an option to be considered in children with critical Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy in NYHA functional class III/IV, when other methods of treatment failed. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Angiojet rheolytic thrombectomy in infants following cardiac surgery
Authors: Fleming Gregory A. , Khan Muhammed , Janssen Dana , Doyle Thomas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives: To present our experience with the Angiojet thrombectomy system for percutaneous thrombectomy in infants following cardiac surgery. Background: Arterial and venous thrombosis after pediatric cardiac surgery is life threatening, particularly in infants. The best method for treating these patients has not been determined. Angiojet rheolytic thrombectomy (Possis Medical, Minneapolis, MN) is a percutaneous method of thrombus removal with proven safety and efficacy in adults. Methods: We reviewed the medical records and angiograms of all procedures in which Angiojet thrombectomy was used in infants following cardiac surgery at our institution during the years 2005 through 2007. Results: Ten procedures were performed in eight infants. The procedure was performed a mean of 23 days from surgery. The mean age was 74 days with a mean weight of 4.3 kg. All patients had life or limb threatening thrombosis. Indications for thrombectomy included severe cyanosis, chronic pleural effusions secondary to extensive venous thrombosis, and acute iliac artery thrombosis. Thrombus was evacuated from pulmonary arteries in four patients, systemic veins in two patients, a surgical aorto‐pulmonary shunt in two patients, and an iliac artery in one patient. Balloon angioplasty following thrombectomy was performed in eight procedures (80%), and stents were placed in addition to angioplasty in two procedures. All patients had significant improvement in flow across the affected area. There was one major complication and three minor complications with no procedural‐related deaths. Survival to discharge from the hospital was 62.5%. Conclusion: Angiojet thrombectomy is an effective treatment for life‐threatening postoperative thrombosis in infants following cardiac surgery. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retrograde left‐ventricular hemodynamic assessment of mechanical aortic and mitral valve gradients using a high‐fidelity pressure wire: A case series
Authors: Owan Theophilus E. , Reddy Bhavananda T. , Michaels Andrew D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNoninvasive assessment of mechanical heart valve function with echocardiography is challenging. There are important safety issues when considering placing a standard catheter across a mechanical valve with for invasive hemodynamic measurements. The feasibility of using a high‐fidelity micromanometer coronary pressure guide wire to assess hemodynamics across mechanical valves has been reported. Although this method appears feasible, safe, and free of major complication, its application and utility remains obscure and underappreciated. We report a series of two patients with mitral and aortic (St. Jude and Björk‐Shiley) mechanical valves in which we successfully used this pressure wire technique to assess valvular function in patients evaluated for repeat surgical valve replacement. We include the first report of this guide wire technique to assess hemodynamics across a Björk–Shiley single‐tilting disk valve. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shunt reduction with a fenestrated Amplatzer device
Authors: Kretschmar Oliver , Sglimbea Anca , Corti Roberto , Knirsch Walter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground: In specific high‐risk patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), a complete closure of an intracardiac defect/shunt is not possible for a variety of reasons. We report our experiences with an interventional approach for shunt‐reduction using various modifications of a self‐fabricated Amplatzer device in our institution. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with CHD having received an interventional partial shunt occlusion since 09/2005. Results: Five patients, mean age 18.6(3.4–66) years, mean weight 36.4(14–102) kg, have been treated. In three patients (3.4, 3.9, 66 years) with an atrial septal defect (ASD) and a restrictive left ventricle (LV) (n = 1) or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (n = 2), respectively, an Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO) with a predilated (n = 2) or a presutured (n = 1) central hole was implanted. After successful immediate volume release in all, the balloon‐dilated holes closed spontaneously during mid‐term follow‐up, pulmonary artery (PA) pressure and LV function remained normal. Two patients (2.7 and 17 years) with a Fontan circulation and severe cyanosis (saturation ≤80%) due to a large fenestration and elevated PA pressures received a partial occlusion of their shunt by implanting a centrally stented ASO or Amplatzer Vascular plug. After a follow‐up of 31 and 39 months both stents remained patent under oral anticoagulation, oxygen saturation remained >85% with PA pressures unchanged, and both patients were in good clinical conditions. Conclusions: In patients with an ASD and significant PAH and/or restrictive LV physiology as well as in Fontan patients with a large surgically created fenestration but failing Fontan circulation, a partial closure with a self‐fenestrated Amplatzer device can be a feasible and successful therapeutic option. Balloon‐dilated fenestrations in the Amplatzer device tend to close spontaneously during follow‐up. Nonresorbable sutures or stenting can ensure patency of the created holes. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclometalated IrIII Complexes with Substituted 1,10‐Phenanthrolines: A New Class of Efficient Cationic Organometallic Second‐Order NLO Chromophores
Authors: Valore Adriana , Cariati Elena , Dragonetti Claudia , Righetto Stefania , Roberto Dominique , Ugo Renato , De Angelis Filippo , Fantacci Simona , Sgamellotti Antonio , Macchioni Alceo , Zuccaccia Daniele 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCyclometalated cationic IrIII complexes with substituted 1,10‐phenanthrolines (1,10‐phen), such as [Ir(ppy)2(5‐R‐1,10‐phen)]Y (ppy=cyclometalated 2‐phenylpyridine; R=NO2, H, Me, NMe2; Y−=PF6−, C12H25SO3−, I−) and [Ir(ppy)2(4‐R,7‐R‐1,10‐phen)]Y (R=Me, Ph) are characterized by a significant second‐order optical non linearity (measured by the electrical field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) technique). This nonlinearity is controlled by MLCT processes from the cyclometalated IrIII, acting as a donor push system, to π* orbitals of the phenanthroline, acting as an acceptor pull system. Substitution of cyclometalated 2‐phenylpyridine by the more π delocalized 2‐phenylquinoline (pq) or benzo[h]quinoline (bzq) or by the sulfur‐containing 4,5‐diphenyl‐2‐methyl‐thiazole (dpmf) does not significantly affect the μβ absolute value, which instead is affected by the nature of the R substituents on the phenanthroline, the higher value being associated with the electron‐withdrawing NO2 group. By using a combined experimental (the EFISH technique and 1H and 19F PGSE NMR spectroscopy) and theoretical (DFT, time‐dependent‐DFT (TDDFT), sum over states (SOS) approach) investigation, evidence is obtained that ion pairing, which is controlled by the nature of the counterion and by the concentration, may significantly affect the μβ values of these cationic NLO chromophores. In CH2Cl2, concentration‐dependent high absolute values of μβ are obtained for [Ir(ppy)2(5‐NO2‐1,10‐phen)]Y if Y is a weakly interacting anion, such as PF6−, whereas with a counterion, such as C12H25SO3− or I−, which form tight ion‐pairs, the absolute value of μβ is lower and quite independent of the concentration. This μβ trend is partially due to the perturbation of the counterion on the LUMO π* levels of the phenanthroline. The correlation between the μβ value and dilution shows that the effect of concentration is a factor that must be taken into careful consideration.