bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible and Self‐Powered Photoelectrochemical‐Type Solar‐Blind Photodetectors Based on Ag Nanowires‐Embedded Amorphous Ga2O3 Films
Authors: Yu Chenxi , Li Honglin , Ding Ke , Huang Lijuan , Zhang Hong , Pang Di , Xiong Yuanqiang , Yang Ping‐An , Fang Liang , Li Wanjun , Tang Yan , Ye Lijuan , Kong Chunyang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of flexible electronics for detecting solar‐blind deep ultraviolet (UV‐C) light holds great promise for emerging technologies. Here, flexible photoelectrochemical photodetectors (PEC‐PDs) are demonstrated for self‐powered solar‐blind UV‐C sensing based on one‐step radio frequency sputtered amorphous gallium oxide (a‐Ga2O3) thin films on indium tin oxide‐coated polyethylene naphthalate (ITO/PEN) substrates in a simple and low‐cost manner. Surface functionalization of the ITO/PEN substrates with silver nanowires (Ag NWs) successfully embedded within the a‐Ga2O3 films significantly enhances the optoelectronic performance. Incorporating Ag NWs reduces charge transfer resistance and potential barrier, while enhancing built‐in electric field at the Ag NWs/a‐Ga2O3 interface, synergistically facilitating efficient electron transport. Consequently, the Ag NW‐modified PEC‐PDs exhibit approximately two‐fold increases in key metrics including responsivity (11.23 mA W−1) and response times (0.07/0.09 s rise/decay) under 254 nm illumination compared to pristine devices. Moreover, the Ag NW‐functionalized PEC‐PDs demonstrate superb mechanical flexibility and fatigue durability, maintaining ≈95% of the initial photoresponse current and responsivity after 500 bending cycles. This work provides valuable insights into designing high‐performance flexible self‐powered PEC‐PDs through ingenious photoanode engineering.
Perfect Mirror Effects in Metasurfaces of Silicon Nanodisks at Telecom Wavelength
Authors: Matiushechkina Mariia , Evlyukhin Andrey B. , Zenin Vladimir A. , Chichkov Boris N. , Heurs Michèle 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article explores the design and optimization of nanodisk metasurfaces for achieving high reflectivity at a defined wavelength. The telecom wavelength of 1550 nm is particularly focused, selected for its potential applications in next‐generation gravitational wave detectors. At this wavelength, the research goes toward the development of thin, low‐loss, high‐reflective coatings, where the metasurface can be chosen as an alternative. An optimization process for the dimensional parameters of nanodisks is proposed based on a systematic tuning approach, which facilitates the realization of various configurations of high‐reflective metasurfaces. The concept of the “magnetic mirror effect” is examined in detail, where the magnetic dipole resonance aligns with the anapole state. Additionally, high reflectivity at the electric dipole resonance (“electric mirror effect”) and at the excitation of several multipole moments is explored, including high‐order modes. This variety of configurations affords more flexibility in the phase manipulation of the reflected beam. Furthermore, the potential experimental realization of mirror effects is discussed by exploring the structure in the surrounding medium with a refractive index of nd = 1.4. This research platform provides a promising tool for the fabrication of high‐reflective nanodisk metasurfaces and demonstrates its applicability across various fields.
Alloy Perovskite via Dual‐Functional Additive Engineering for Efficient Deep Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shen Chenyang , Shi Shiping , Li Jiayu , Zhang Zelong , Sun Guanwei , Liu Denghui , Li Deli , Yang Guo‐Xi , Yang Zhihai , Qiu Weidong , Peng Xiaomei , Li Ming‐De , Su Shi‐Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMixed halide perovskites are widely investigated as emitters for efficient light‐emitting diodes owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Compared with red and green emissions, encouraging progress in efficiency for blue emission has only been achieved in sky‐blue region. A high Cl/Br ratio is indispensable to achieve deep‐blue emission, which often leads to pronounced halogen migration in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) and thus diminished efficacy. To avoid the negative effects of excessive chloride necessary to achieve deep‐blue emission, alloyed perovskite quantum dotes (QDs) passivated by dual‐functional guanidine sulfamate are synthesized, where S═O of sulfamate coordinates with Pb, and guanidine can form N‐H‐X (Cl/Br) with halogen ions to complete passivation. As a result, deep‐blue emission is achieved for the alloyed perovskite QDs. Owing to the suppressed defects and the reduced surface electrostatic potential of the perovskite QDs film, the carrier recombination region in the PeLEDs is regulated. Finally, deep‐blue PeLEDs with a spectrally stable electroluminescence peak at 458 nm, peak external quantum efficiency of 3.65% and maximum brightness of 223 cd m−2 are realized.
Adjustable Super‐linear Photoresponse via Organic Phototransistors with Graded Active Layer Toward Intelligent Contrast Control
Authors: Cao Yonglin , Chai Hui , Zhang Yu , Xie Zengqi , Liu Linlin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGenerally, photocurrent achieves saturation easily under high light intensity and/or high current density by exciton/carrier quenching; to the best of authors knowledge super‐linear photoresponse has not been observed experimentally in all types of photodetectors before. This study has reported super‐linear photoresponse organic phototransistors (OPTs) based on bulk heterojunction (BHJ) with PM6 as the donor and Y6 as the non‐fullerene acceptor. The super‐linear photoresponse has satisfied that the photocurrent is proportional to the 1.37 power of light intensity (linearity index ∂ = 1.37), in which gain achieves 280% (external quantum efficiency, EQE greater than 1) and detectivity (Dshot*) achieves 1.88 × 1013 Jones at Vg of 5 V. The quick minority carrier release of non‐fullerene acceptor can help reduce the threshold voltage drift and match the transconductance, improving the possibility of obtaining super‐linear response regions. The graded distribution of donor/acceptor is more likely to reduce carrier quenching under high light intensity during the extension of Debye screening layer for effective super‐linear response. By modulating the gate voltage, the linearity index can be adjusted from 0.5 to 2.33, where the super‐linear photoresponse can automatically enlarge the contrast of the image. It has an excellent application prospect in intelligent contrast control in real time image recognition.
Polymerizable Monomer Solvents Enabled Direct In Situ Photolithography of Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Li Tianhe , Zhang Pingping , Wei Shunsheng , Jing Yuyu , Shi Jianbing , Chen Yu , Zhong Haizheng , Yang Gaoling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe heavy use of toxic and volatile solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), in the chemical synthesis of perovskites is known to pose several sustainability challenges that significantly hinder their mass production for commercial applications. Herein, a polymerizable monomer solvent (4‐acryloylmorpholine, ACMO) is introduced that permits the growth and optical lithography of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) through in situ polymerization. Morphological, structural, and optical analyses show that this polymerizable monomer can act both as a solvent to dissolve the perovskite precursor and as a monomer for photopolymerization reactions, allowing direct in situ fabrication and patterning of PQDs. By direct photolithography, colorful PQD patterns with high photoluminescent quantum yields, high resolution (minimum size of 5 µm), and excellent fluorescence uniformity, are successfully demonstrated. The work provides a new sustainable way of in situ patterning PQDs using polymerizable monomer solvents, leading to significant advances in various integrated applications, such as photonic, energy harvesting, and optoelectronic devices.
Perylenediimide‐Derived Nonmacrocyclic Host–Guest Donor–Acceptor Assemblies for Long‐Wavelength Emissions and Low‐Threshold Microlasers
Authors: Gao Huixing , He Huijie , Zhang Lulu , Feng Zuofang , Chen Xing , Lei Yilong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMacrocyclic hosts can bind appropriate guests in endo‐cavity or exo‐wall modes to yield Host–Guest cocrystals via weak intermolecular forces. Contrary, it remains challenging to achieve their nonmacrocyclic partners with high‐efficiency fluorescence even lasing due to profound adaptive behaviors during guest inclusion. Here, a variety of low dispersity 1D and 2D assemblies made of a sterically demanding perylenediimide derivative (PDI) host and diverse aromatic guests are realized. Depending on the types and the substituted groups of aromatic guests, these Host–Guest microcrystals show high‐efficiency solid‐state emissions ranging from orange to near‐infrared (NIR). Interestingly, either electron‐deficient or electron‐rich guests can adapt to the cavity of the nonmacrocyclic PDI host in diverse geometries and orientations. Theoretical analysis indicates that the long‐wavelength emissions stem from local or charge‐transfer excited states and the Host–Guest Donor–Acceptor cocrystals are stabilized largely by dispersion forces. The binding of appropriate π‐electron guests makes the PDI‐derived Host–Guest microcrystals function as microscale lasers with low lasing thresholds. The rational creation of these nonmacrocyclic Host–Guest Donor–Acceptor cocrystals offers new insights for developing new crystal structures and high‐efficiency optoelectronic devices.
Visible Light‐Enabled Decarboxylative Alkylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones using Alkyl Carboxylic Acids via Energy Transfer Process
Authors: Sharma Anoop , Singh Nihal , Kumar Raman , Sharma Anuj 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHere in, we describe the photochemical decarboxylative alkylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones using commercially accessible carboxylic acids with oxygen as sole oxidant through energy transfer process. The coupling of diverse array of alkyl carboxylic acids (1° to 3°) and bioactive acids with quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones is successfully accomplished to achieve the desired alkylated products.
Visible‐Light Mediated Ugi‐Type Reaction for the Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted Phthalides
Authors: Gao Feiyu , Yin Chenxin , He Yi , Zhao Shuang , Chen Mengxiao , Zheng Jia , Ni Dan , Yin Houhua , Fu Xian , Zhang Xiaoyong , Nie Shenyou 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of diverse phthalides containing quaternary carbon centers remains poorly exploited, requiring stepwise reactions with toxic reagents under high temperatures. Herein, we describe a visible‐light promoted, photo‐ and metal‐catalyst‐free protocol for the modular synthesis of 3,3‐disubstituted phthalides with water as the sole by‐product. This process featured an open‐flask operation of a three‐component reaction involving an isocoumarin as the self‐photosensitizer for aerobic ring contracting rearrangements, allowing the convenient preparation of 3‐(1′‐indolyl)‐phthalides in moderate to good yields. The mechanistic investigations suggested that singlet oxygen (1O2) was generated through an energy‐transfer pathway.
Improved Palladium Catalysis in Suzuki‐Type Coupling of Benzotriazinones for o‐Aryl/Alkenyl Benzamides
Authors: Xü Minling , Xü Ke , Zou Gang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA palladium catalyst system based on PdCl2(PPh3)2 or PdCl2(dppf) is reported for Suzuki‐type coupling of both N‐aryl and alkyl benzotriazinones with aryl/alkenyl boronic acids to afford a series of ortho‐aryl/alkenyl benzamides in yields up to 99%, showing improvements on catalytic efficiency, substrate scope and practicality. Scope and limitations of the improved protocol have been demonstrated with more than 40 examples, including a multigram‐scale synthesis of activated o‐biphenyl amide. Large electronic and steric effects from the boronic acid counterpart have been observed, implying the transmetallation from boron to palladium should be involved in the rate‐determining step in catalytic cycle.
Axial Phenoxylation of Aluminum Phthalocyanines for Improved Cannabinoid Sensitivity in OTFT Sensors
Authors: Lamontagne Halynne R. , Cranston Rosemary R. , Comeau Zachary J. , Harris Cory S. , Shuhendler Adam J. , Lessard Benoît H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCannabis producers, consumers, and regulators need fast, accurate, point‐of‐use sensors to detect Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) from both liquid and vapor source samples, and phthalocyanine‐based organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) provide a cost‐effective solution. Chloro aluminum phthalocyanine (Cl‐AlPc) has emerged as a promising material due to its unique coordinating interactions with cannabinoids, allowing for superior sensitivity. This work explores the molecular engineering of AlPc to tune and enhance these interactions, where a series of novel phenxoylated R‐AlPcs are synthesized and integrated into OTFTs, which are then exposed to THC and CBD solution and vapor samples. While the R‐AlPc substituted molecules have a comparable baseline device performance to Cl‐AlPc, their new crystal structures and weakened intermolecular interactions increase sensitivity to THC. Grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to investigate this film restructuring, where a significant shift in the crystal structure, grain size, and film roughness is detected for the R‐AlPc molecules that do not occur with Cl‐AlPc. This significant crystal reorganization and film restructuring are the driving force behind the improved sensitivity to cannabinoids relative to Cl‐AlPc and demonstrate that analyte–semiconductor interactions can be enhanced through chemical modification to create more responsive OTFT sensors.
Hidden Negative Issues and Possible Solutions for Advancing the Development of High‐Energy‐Density in Lithium Batteries: A Review
Authors: Yamada Atsuo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis review article discusses the hidden or often overlooked negative issues of large‐capacity cathodes, high‐voltage systems, concentrated electrolytes, and reversible lithium metal electrodes in high‐energy‐density lithium batteries and provides some feasible solutions that can realize the construction of realistic rechargeable batteries with higher energy densities. Similar objective discussion of the negative aspects of lithium–air batteries, multi‐valent shuttles, anion shuttles, sulfur cathode systems, and all‐solid ceramic batteries can help fabricate more realistic batteries.
Directional Polarization of a Ferroelectric Intermediate Layer Inspires a Built‐In Field in Si Anodes to Regulate Li+ Transport Behaviors in Particles and Electrolyte
Authors: Liu Ming , Xu Wenqiang , Liu Shigang , Liu Bowen , Gao Yang , Wang Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe silicon (Si) anode is prone to forming a high electric field gradient and concentration gradient on the electrode surface under high‐rate conditions, which may destroy the surface structure and decrease cycling stability. In this study, a ferroelectric (BaTiO3) interlayer and field polarization treatment are introduced to set up a built‐in field, which optimizes the transport mechanisms of Li+ in solid and liquid phases and thus enhances the rate performance and cycling stability of Si anodes. Also, a fast discharging and slow charging phenomenon is observed in a half‐cell with a high reversible capacity of 1500.8 mAh g−1 when controlling the polarization direction of the interlayer, which means a fast charging and slow discharging property in a full battery and thus is valuable for potential applications in commercial batteries. Simulation results demonstrated that the built‐in field plays a key role in regulating the Li+ concentration distribution in the electrolyte and the Li+ diffusion behavior inside particles, leading to more uniform Li+ diffusion from local high‐concentration sites to surrounding regions. The assembled lithium‐ion battery with a BaTiO3 interlayer exhibited superior electrochemical performance and long‐term cycling life (915.6 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at a high current density of 4.2 A g−1). The significance of this research lies in exploring a new approach to improve the performance of lithium‐ion batteries and providing new ideas and pathways for addressing the challenges faced by Si‐based anodes.
Mutual recognition of geographical indications and China's agricultural exports—On the use of domestic and international markets
Authors: Qian Weiwen , Dong Yinguo , Liu Yuchen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGeographical indication (GI) represents the specific good quality and reputation of the regional characteristics of agricultural products, which is a positive approach for stabilizing the export of agricultural products under China's new “Dual Circulation” pattern. This study used the propensity score matching–double difference (PSM–DID) method empirically testing the effect and mechanism of the mutual recognition of GIs between China and the EU on China's agricultural product export from 2000 to 2016 based on theoretical analysis of the effect mechanism of GI on agricultural product exports. The results show that: (1) The mutual recognition of GIs significantly increased the binary margin of China's agricultural exports, and the effect on the intensive margin was stronger than that on the extensive margin, and the effects on the three subvariables of the extensive margin are in the following order: old products exported to new markets > new products exported to old markets > new products exported to new markets; (2) The heterogeneity analysis shows that the mutual recognition of GIs contributes more to state‐owned enterprises, enterprises in the eastern region and to export destinations in EU countries; (3) The mechanism analysis shows that domestic demand–driven, quality upgrading and signal transmission are important mechanisms in the export effect of mutual recognition of GIs. This research shows that vigorously promoting the mutual recognition of GIs between China and the EU are important factors in promoting the growth of China's agricultural exports and achieving high‐quality agricultural development. [EconLit Citations: F14, Q17, Q18].
Long‐term outcomes of treatment for achalasia: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy versus POEM
Authors: Fukushima Naoko , Masuda Takahiro , Tsuboi Kazuto , Watanabe Jun , Yano Fumiaki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAchalasia is a rare esophageal motility disorder characterized by nonrelaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) is the gold standard treatment for achalasia. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), a less invasive treatment, is performed extensively, and the selection of the intervention method remains debatable to date. In addition to the availability of extensive studies on short‐term outcomes, recent studies on the long‐term outcomes of LHM and POEM have shown similar clinical success after 5 y of follow‐up. However, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was more common in patients who had undergone POEM than in those who had undergone LHM. Moreover, existing studies have compared treatment outcomes in various disease states. Some studies have suggested that POEM is superior to LHM for patients with type III achalasia because POEM allows for a longer myotomy. Research on treatment for sigmoid types is currently in progress. However, the long‐term results comparing LHD and POEM are insufficient, and the best treatment remains controversial. Further research is needed, and treatment options should be discussed with patients and tailored to their individual needs and pathologies.
Foliar spectra accurately distinguish most temperate tree species and show strong phylogenetic signal
Authors: Blanchard Florence , Bruneau Anne , Laliberté Etienne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPremiseSpectroscopy is a powerful remote sensing tool for monitoring plant biodiversity over broad geographic areas. Increasing evidence suggests that foliar spectral reflectance can be used to identify trees at the species level. However, most studies have focused on only a limited number of species at a time, and few studies have explored the underlying phylogenetic structure of leaf spectra. Accurate species identifications are important for reliable estimations of biodiversity from spectral data.MethodsUsing over 3500 leaf‐level spectral measurements, we evaluated whether foliar reflectance spectra (400–2400 nm) can accurately differentiate most tree species from a regional species pool in eastern North America. We explored relationships between spectral, phylogenetic, and leaf functional trait variation as well as their influence on species classification using a hurdle regression model.ResultsSpectral reflectance accurately differentiated tree species (κ = 0.736, ±0.005). Foliar spectra showed strong phylogenetic signal, and classification errors from foliar spectra, although present at higher taxonomic levels, were found predominantly between closely related species, often of the same genus. In addition, we find functional and phylogenetic distance broadly control the occurrence and frequency of spectral classification mistakes among species.ConclusionsOur results further support the link between leaf spectral diversity, taxonomic hierarchy, and phylogenetic and functional diversity, and highlight the potential of spectroscopy to remotely sense plant biodiversity and vegetation response to global change.
Prevalent arbuscular mycorrhizae in roots and highly variable mycobiome in leaves of epiphytic subtropical fern Ophioderma pendulum
Authors: Xie Qiao‐Yi , Kuo Li‐Yaung , Chang Chiung‐Chih , Lin Chien‐Jung , Wang Wen‐Hong , Chen Ko‐Hsuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPremiseEndophytic and mycorrhizal fungi are crucial in facilitating plant nutrition acquisition and stress tolerance. In epiphytic habitats, plants face nutrition and water stress, but their roots are mostly nonmycorrhizal and especially lacking in arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. Ophioderma pendulum is an epiphytic fern with a partially mycoheterotrophic lifestyle, likely heavily reliant on symbiotic fungi. To characterize fungal associations in the sporophyte of O. pendulum, we focused on leaves and roots of O. pendulum, seeking to reveal the fungal communities in these organs.MethodsRoots and leaves from O. pendulum in a subtropical forest were examined microscopically to observe the morphology of fungal structures and determine the percentage of various fungal structures in host tissues. Fungal composition was profiled using metabarcoding techniques that targeted ITS2 of the nuclear ribosomal DNA.ResultsRoots were consistently colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota), especially Acaulospora. Unlike previous findings on epiphytic ferns, dark septate endophytes were rare in O. pendulum roots. Leaves were predominantly colonized by Ascomycota fungi, specifically the classes Dothideomycetes (46.88%), Eurotiomycetes (11.51%), Sordariomycetes (6.23%), and Leotiomycetes (6.14%). Across sampling sites, fungal community compositions were similar in the roots but differed significantly in the leaves.ConclusionsOphioderma pendulum maintains stable, single‐taxon‐dominant communities in the roots, primarily featuring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, whereas the leaves may harbor opportunistic fungal colonizers. Our study underlines the significance of mycorrhizal fungi in the adaptation of epiphytic ferns.