bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retained Biliary Plastic Stents: Clinical Presentation, Complications, and Management
Authors: Patwardhan Nitish , Kale Aditya , Patra Biswa Ranjan , Pujalwar Shashank , Vaidya Arun , Harindranath Sidharth , Singh Ankita , Padole Vaibhav , Yadav Jitendra , Shukla Akash 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background Biliary plastic stent (PS) mandates timely removal or replacement. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had affected the accessibility to medical therapy resulting in delay. We evaluated the burden of retained biliary PS, clinical profile, and impact of COVID-19 pandemic on stent retention.
Material and Method Endoscopy database records between November 2019 and April 2022 were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients who had undergone stent exchange or removal > 3 months, that is, retained stents. Demography, comorbidity, indication and outcomes of index endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, size and duration of indwelling biliary PS, clinical presentation, imaging findings, cholangiography findings, stent-related complications, and stone formation and endotherapy details were noted.
Results A total of 252 patients (100 [39.68%] males; median age 47 years [interquartile range [IQR] 32–56 years]) had common bile duct (CBD) stent retention. Median duration of retained CBD stent was 5 months (IQR = 4–6 months). Seventy (27.8%) were symptomatic with cholangitis (22, 8.7%), only jaundice (16, 6.3%), and only biliary abdominal pain (32, 12.7%). Sixty-one of 70 (87.1%) had abnormal imaging; 59/70 (84.3%) had new onset biliary stone or sludge (p ≤ 0.005). Stent retention > 6 months was significantly associated with stent fragmentation (0 vs. 20, p < 0.005) and choledocholithiasis (9 vs. 58, p < 0.005). Small caliber stent retention was more symptomatic (7 vs. 10 French [12/28 [42.85%] vs. 58/224 [25%], p = 0.049]). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase levels, and CBD stent retention > 6 months were significantly associated with complications. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum AST > 2× upper limit normal (odds ratio [OR] = 5.487, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.1–9.9, p ≤ 0.005) and CBD stent retention > 6 months (OR = 8.6, CI = 3.1–23.92, p ≤ 0.005) were associated with complications. Out of 101 COVID-19 pandemic-attributed delay, 56/101 (55.44%) had symptomatic stent dysfunction. Endoscopic technical success rate was 97%, unsuccessful ones were due to large stones and impacted stents; with no mortality.
Conclusion CBD PS stent retention, although mostly asymptomatic, can result in significant morbidity like jaundice, cholangitis, stent migration, fragmentation, or impaction in one-fourth of patients. Use of 7 Fr stent, retention duration > 6 months, abnormal imaging findings, and AST > twice the upper limit were significantly associated with complications. Endoscopic management was successful in 97% of patients.
Luxação traumática bilateral assimétrica do quadril: Relato de caso
Authors: Sanagiotto Mauricio Hoffmann , Unfried Ricardo Issler , Ribeiro Tiango Aguiar 
Published: April 2024

ResumoLuxações traumáticas do quadril são traumas graves, resultado de mecanismos de alta energia, constituindo-se uma das emergências ortopédicas. A epidemiologia da luxação bilateral assimétrica do quadril se apresenta como uma condição ortopédica raríssima. O diagnóstico breve e a redução urgente são essenciais, devido ao alto risco de complicações futuras. O objetivo deste relato é descrever o caso de um homem de 81 anos, vítima de acidente automobilístico que apresentou luxação traumática bilateral assimétrica do quadril, visando aumentar os dados limitados sobre o tema, através da discussão do mecanismo, manejo, seguimento e epidemiologia.
Tales of Two Malaysian Chinese Women – Becoming Outdoor Professionals and Paving New Ways in Australia
Authors: Tham Pei Ting , Lee Joanne 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Two Malaysian women had a dialogue about their respective experiences pursuing a career in the outdoors. Pei Ting Tham is entering her second decade as an outdoor educator, with nine of those years in Australia working with school groups, whereas Joanne Lee is primarily a rock climbing guide and instructor. Both women, with Chinese heritage, grew up in Malaysia but went through very different pathways to end up working and settling in Melbourne. Both women are now engaged in social justice and advocacy work in the outdoors in their respective ways. The conversation centres on their initial beginnings of engaging in the outdoors as women-of-colour, the trials and tribulations of their outdoor career and their work in advocating for diversity and inclusion in the outdoors.

Information
© CAB International 2024
Numerical study on the effects of discharge parameters on vacuum arc plasma
Authors: Song Mengmeng , Yang Wei , Sun Qiang , Dong Ye , Zhang Hantian , Wang Ziming , Liu Zhaohui , Zhou Qianhong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Studying the characteristics of vacuum arc plasma within a wide range of discharge parameters is vital for its applications. In this study, specific parameters of vacuum discharge, such as cathode temperature ranging from 6000 to

8000

K

, emitted electron temperature spanning from 0.69 to

2.5

eV

, and arc burning voltage within the range of

16

−

30

V

, have been selected to analyze the effects of these parameters on the cathode erosion, cathode potential drop (CPD), and ion velocity. A validated one-dimensional spherical PIC–DSMC cathode spot model is employed to simulate the generation and expansion of vacuum arc plasma. The results indicate that increasing the cathode temperature and the emitted electron temperature enhance the cathode eroded mass. However, this mass diminishes as the arc voltage increases due to more Cu ions and Cu atoms returning to the cathode under high CPD and charge exchange collisions, respectively. The cathode current density remains nearly constant within the explored range of cathode temperature, but increases with shifting the emitted electron temperature and arc voltage. A higher cathode current density, coupled with the positive cathode plasma resistance, induces a higher CPD that significantly surpasses the cathode sheath voltage. Furthermore, a higher ion velocity is observed at increased arc voltage due to the higher cathode current density, which generates stronger electron friction for accelerating ions. These findings could be valuable in designing a suitable arc voltage for vacuum electric thrusters to enhance thrust.
Analytical models of the electric field and carrier transit time in the base of bipolar junction transistors
Authors: Cao Jian , Bai Yujie , Yang Jianhong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The conventional theory of the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) does not clarify the electric field and its effect on the carrier transit in the uniformly doped base region, although the electric field is considered to be a second-order effect at high-level injection. In this study, analytical models of the carrier distribution, electric field, and carrier transit time in the base region are developed without making additional assumptions. It is found that the electric field may change direction, from forward to reverse, as long as the injection level reaches a criterion, affecting the carrier transport behavior. The models are based on the renovated p–n junction theory, provide insight into the carrier transit and are able to cover all levels of injection without the need to handle the low- and high-level injection separately. These models hold significance in retrieving the theoretical integrity of bipolar junction devices, and can be useful for further investigation in structure design, capacitance control, and AC performance optimization of the p–n junction-based device.
Considerations for implanting speech brain computer interfaces based on functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Guerreiro Fernandes F , Raemaekers M , Freudenburg Z , Ramsey N 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to reinstate lost communication faculties. Results from speech decoding studies indicate that a usable speech BCI based on activity in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) can be achieved using subdurally implanted electrodes. However, the optimal characteristics for a successful speech implant are largely unknown. We address this topic in a high field blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, by assessing the decodability of spoken words as a function of hemisphere, gyrus, sulcal depth, and position along the ventral/dorsal-axis. Approach. Twelve subjects conducted a 7T fMRI experiment in which they pronounced 6 different pseudo-words over 6 runs. We divided the SMC by hemisphere, gyrus, sulcal depth, and position along the ventral/dorsal axis. Classification was performed on in these SMC areas using multiclass support vector machine (SVM). Main results. Significant classification was possible from the SMC, but no preference for the left or right hemisphere, nor for the precentral or postcentral gyrus for optimal word classification was detected. Classification while using information from the cortical surface was slightly better than when using information from deep in the central sulcus and was highest within the ventral 50% of SMC. Confusion matrices where highly similar across the entire SMC. An SVM-searchlight analysis revealed significant classification in the superior temporal gyrus and left planum temporale in addition to the SMC. Significance. The current results support a unilateral implant using surface electrodes, covering the ventral 50% of the SMC. The added value of depth electrodes is unclear. We did not observe evidence for variations in the qualitative nature of information across SMC. The current results need to be confirmed in paralyzed patients performing attempted speech.
Interference Mitigation using Data-driven Sparse Component Analysis
Authors: Deng Wen , Wang Xiang , Huang Zhitao , Xu Qiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To address the challenge of mitigating asynchronous and non-stationary interference under single-channel conditions, we proposes a sparse component analysis interference mitigation method based on the recurrent neural network. This method aims to recover the desired signal from the received time-frequency over-lapped co-channel signal. Unlike previous interference mitigation methods, our proposed method achieves ”end-to-end” signal recovery in the time domain without any priori requirements on the received signals, making it more universal than existing methods. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of our proposed method and demonstrate its significantly superior mitigation performance compared to existing schemes under different environmental noises, intensities of interfering signals, and generalization test conditions.
Exploring the Connection between Eye Movement Parameters and Eye Fatigue
Authors: Sun Weifeng , Wang Yuqi , Hu Bingliang , Wang Quan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Eye fatigue, a prominent symptom of computer vision syndrome (CVS), has gained significant attention in various domains due to the increasing diversification of electronic display devices and their widespread usage scenarios. The COVID-19 pandemic has further intensified the reliance on these devices, leading to prolonged screen time. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of utilizing eye movement patterns in discriminating fatigue during the usage of electronic display devices. Eye movement data was collected from subjects experiencing different levels of fatigue, and their fatigue levels were recorded using the T/CVIA-73-2019 scale. The analysis revealed that features related to the pupils demonstrated a high level of confidence and reliability in distinguishing fatigue, especially related to pupil size. However, features associated with fixations, such as fixation duration and frequency, did not significantly contribute to fatigue discrimination. Furthermore, the study explored the influence of subjective awareness on fatigue discrimination. By modifying the experimental settings and considering the subjects’ subjective perception, it was observed that individual consciousness and self-awareness played a crucial role in fatigue discrimination. The implications of these findings extend beyond the field of computer vision syndrome, offering potential applications in developing interventions and strategies to alleviate eye fatigue and promote eye health among individuals who extensively use electronic display devices.
Effects of seawater on the adsorption of xanthate onto galena and sphalerite
Authors: Song Ningbo , Yao Jin , Yin Wanzhong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Seawater contains divalent calcium and magnesium cations. Under alkaline conditions, calcium and magnesium ions react with hydroxide ions to form insoluble hydroxyl complexes or hydroxide precipitates. The hydrophilic substances that may be adsorbed on the mineral surface during the flotation process hinder the adsorption of the collector, affecting mineral hydrophobicity, and thus reducing the floatability of the mineral. In this study, the effects of seawater on the adsorption of xanthate onto galena and sphalerite were investigated. The results show that under strong alkaline conditions, seawater has significant and slight adverse effects on sphalerite and galena, respectively. Flotation regulators such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, sodium hexametaphosphate, and sodium silicate can eliminate the adverse effect on galena and sphalerite flotation to a certain extent. The mechanisms were revealed through microflotation experiments, contact angle measurements, bubble-particle attachment tests, zeta potential measurements, and XPS analysis.
Low Carbon and High Efficient Utilization of Zinc-bearing Dust in Iron & Steel Industry by Rotary Kiln Process
Authors: Ye Hengdi , Zheng Fuqiang , Li Qian , Shen Weimin , Lu Xingfu , Hu Bing , Liu Chen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
More than 50 million tons per year of zinc-bearing dust with large amounts of zinc and iron resources is produced by iron and steel smelting in China, which is classified as hazardous solid waste. The zinc-bearing dust is an important secondary resource, in which the zinc and iron can be recycled as raw materials for the iron and zinc industries after separating them. Rotary kiln reduction is one of the main methods for separating zinc and iron from zinc-bearing dust. In this study, the 5 mm composite pellets containing zinc-bearing dust is prepared by forced disturbed pelleting as reduction charge. The rotary kiln system with controllable temperature field and atmosphere field by multi-point quantitative air suppling is used as the main equipment of reduction. This technology can realize the treatment of raw materials with high iron and zinc content in rotary kiln, but also can effectively improve the production efficiency and the quality of zinc oxide powder, reduce the kiln-ringing. Compared with the conventional rotary kiln method, the processing capacity of zinc-bearing dust increase by 30%. The zinc removal ratio reaches 95% and the ZnO content of zinc oxide powder is 53.93 wt.%. The TFe content and ZnO content of reduction product are 60.56 wt.% and 0.25%, respectively. The annual operation ratio of zinc-iron separation by rotary kiln with zinc-bearing dust is 92%. The metallization rate of reduction product is controllable. The reduction product with metallization rate of 65.97% can be used as a sintering raw material, and the comprehensive energy consumption is 187kgce/t. The reduction product with metallization rate of 88% can 1 be used as a converter steelmaking raw material, and the comprehensive energy consumption is 253.1kgce/t.
The transformation behaviour of ZnFe2O4 spinel particles in the CaO-FexO-SiO2-ZnO slag system
Authors: Wang Lihua , Xu Kehua , Wang Huanwen , Chen Shaogang , Yu Zhiqian , Ma Kai , Wu Tao , Xia Longgong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Treating zinc hydrometallurgical residues and other Zn-bearing solid waste in direct lead smelting processes has been recognized as the preferred solution for the sustainable development of the lead and zinc industry. However, new technical problems occurred when changing the starting material of lead-making processes, the pyrometallurgical process for treating zinc hydrometallurgical residues and zinc bearing solid waste usually had the CaO-FexO-SiO2-ZnO slag. Along with the increasing of Zn content in the raw material, high ZnO slag formed, and the ZnFe2O4 spinel particles intended to precipitate from the molten slag. The understanding of the particle behaviour of ZnFe2O4 spinel was the core part of monitoring the slag properties. This study investigated the transformation behaviour of zinc ferrite spinel particles and the changes in glassy slag phase through the high-temperature phase equilibrium experimental technique, and the temperature was 1100 °C-1300 °C and the oxygen potential was 10−8 atm – 10−4 atm. It is found that the particle size of ZnFe2O4 spinel in the molten slag increased along with the increasing of the oxygen potential. The Zn/Fe mass ratio in spinel particles decreased when increasing of temperature and it increased when increasing of oxygen potential. The Fe/SiO2 mass ratio and the Zn content in glassy slag phase gradually increased along with increasing temperature and they decreased along with increasing oxygen potential. The growing and decomposition of ZnFe2O4 spinel was essentially a process of material exchange with the glassy slag phase.
A novel leaching process of zinc ferrite and its application in the treatment of zinc leaching residue
Authors: Zhang Limin , Wang Yunyan , Ke Yong , Luo Yongjian , Min Xiaobo , Peng Cong , Li Yun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Zinc ferrite is a refractory phase generated in the pyrometallurgical process of zinc and steel production. Much energy is invested in the decomposition of zinc ferrite to recycle zinc since zinc ferrite is difficult to leach. In this work, a novel leaching process targeted at decomposition of zinc ferrite was proposed to save energy and improve metal recovery efficiency. The key of this novel leaching process was the use of copper powder as the reductant. Leaching of zinc ferrite in the presence of copper powder was investigated. The extraction of zinc was 100% when molar ratio of copper to zinc ferrite was 1.5 while the extraction of zinc was only 19.3% without copper. Effects of leaching temperature, acid concentration, the ratio of liquid to solid and reaction time were studied. Under the conditions: 60 °C, ≥ 70 g·L1 H2SO4, the ratio of liquid to solid ≥ 25 mL/g and the molar ratio of copper to zinc ferrite ≥ 1.5 at the open system, the synthetic zinc ferrite was dissolved completely within 60 min. Besides, the zinc ferrite-bearing zinc leaching residue from a roast-leach-electrowin plant was analyzed and leached under the optimal conditions. It was found that most of zinc ferrite in the zinc leaching residue was removed, remaining unreacted lead sulphate in the leached residue. The leaching efficiency of zinc in zinc leaching residue reached 94.2%. The results suggest that copper powder enhanced facile and efficient zinc extraction from zinc ferrite without concentrated acid, high temperature, long reaction time and specific investment. The recyclability of copper and its intrinsic commodity value showed the potential application in industrial zinc and iron containing wastes.
Development and application of matte/speiss/metal thermodynamic database for optimization of processing of drosses, dusts and reverts from lead, zinc and copper production
Authors: Shishin Denis , Shevchenko Maksym , Starykh Roman , Sineva Svetlana , Prostakova Viktoria , Jak Evgueni 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Detrimental elements such as arsenic and antimony tend to accumulate in dusts and drosses of lead-zinc as well as copper smelters. These by-products are commonly treated in dedicated reductive smelting units producing Cu-rich matte, As-Sb-collecting speiss and Pb-rich metal, as well as liquid slag. Such process would have a complex distribution of elements (Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Sn, Sb, As, Ag, Au, S, etc.) among four liquid phases. Thermodynamic calculations can be used for predictions and optimization of such processes. They must rely on accurate models developed in integration with experimental program. Present study reports results of recent progress in experimental and modelling studies of As, Sb-containing speiss systems and demonstration of calculations relevant for industrial conditions. Experimental methodology consisted of equilibration, quenching and electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Calculations were performed using FactSage software and thermodynamic database developed based on the dedicated recent experiments. The main findings of the paper are: a set of binary and ternary diagrams relevant to matte and speiss formation conditions; distribution of Ag and Au among liquid Pb and speiss in key quaternary systems; and distributions of 10 main elements for industrially relevant matte/speiss/metal multicomponent equilibria.
Method for lightning flashover types identification on transmission lines utilizing OPGW optical polarization state signal characteristics
Authors: Guo Yifan , Li Tao , Yin Qi , Fu Shijie , Wei Wei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Optical Fiber Composite Overhead Ground Wire (OPGW) has undergone rapid development and has been extensively applied in the realm of intelligent power system status monitoring. This article conducts research on lightning signal waveform in optical fibers within the context of lightning fault location using the OPGW optical polarization state method. A transmission line model is simulated employing ATP-EMTP to capture electrical characteristics when lightning strikes the OPGW. Subsequently, by employing the Faraday magneto-optical effect principle, electrical signals are transformed into optical polarization states within the internal fibers of OPGW. Using such data, the optical signal propagation characteristics when lightning strikes OPGW are deduced. Finally, a method for discerning between induced lightning and direct lightning strikes through the analysis of time-frequency domain characteristics in OPGW. This method addresses the limitation of traditional OPGW lightning monitoring, which is unable to deduce electrical signals, thus achieving precise identification of lightning-induced transient faults in transmission lines.
The tracing algorithm of re-entry vehicle based on SMO
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Wu Xiaohe , Wang Hongjun , Wang Bingchuan , Guo Beibei , Yin Dongfeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The tracing problem of a re-entry vehicle includes the characters of lacking prior information on the target and disturbances. Thus, the classic nonlinear filtering algorithms are not suitable for high-accuracy tracing fields. In order to solve the problem, the tracing algorithm of a re-entry vehicle based on SMO is presented in this paper. SMO stems from the depth research of sliding mode control, which has nice robustness to disturbances and model error. The results of the simulation show that the tracing algorithm based on SMO has high accuracy and nice robustness.