bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
20th‐Century Antarctic Sea Level Mitigation Driven by Uncertain East Antarctic Accumulation History
Authors: Eswaran Advik , Truax Olivia J. , Fudge T. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIncreasing snow accumulation over the Antarctic Ice Sheet may mitigate future sea level rise. However, current estimates of mitigation potential are poorly constrained due to limited records of past variability. We present an annually resolved reconstruction of Antarctic snow accumulation from 1801 to 2000 CE, employing a paleoclimate data assimilation methodology to integrate ice core records with a multi‐model ensemble of climate simulations. Our reconstruction correlates well with instrumental reanalysis, and we find that Antarctic accumulation rates increased over the 20th‐century, resulting in a modest amount (∼1 mm) of sea level mitigation. Mitigation is primarily driven by an accelerating trend since around 1970. Our results contrast with previous mitigation estimates of ∼10–12 mm; this discrepancy is due to poorly constrained baseline estimates of 19th‐century accumulation in East Antarctica. Our reconstruction suggests that the uncertainty of future sea level mitigation from increasing Antarctic accumulation has been underestimated.
A Reciprocity‐Based Efficient Method for Improved Source Parameter Estimation of Submarine Earthquakes With Hybrid 3‐D Teleseismic Green's Functions
Authors: Zang Chong , Wu Wenbo , Ni Sidao , Xu Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAccurate source parameters of global submarine earthquakes are essential for understanding earthquake mechanics and tectonic dynamics. Previous studies have demonstrated that teleseismic P coda waveform complexities due to near‐source 3‐D structures are highly sensitive to source parameters of marine earthquakes. Leveraging these sensitivities, we can improve the accuracy of source parameter inversion compared to traditional 1‐D methods. However, modeling these intricate 3‐D effects poses significant computational challenges. To address this issue, we propose a novel reciprocity‐based hybrid method for computing 3‐D teleseismic Green's functions. Based on this method, we develop a grid‐search inversion workflow for determining reliable source parameters of moderate‐sized submarine earthquakes. The method is tested and proven on five Mw5+ earthquakes at the Blanco oceanic transform fault (OTF) with ground truth locations resolved by a local ocean bottom seismometer array, using ambient noise correlation and surface‐wave relocation techniques. Our results show that fitting P coda waveforms through 3‐D Green's functions can effectively improve the source location accuracy, especially for the centroid depth. Our improved centroid depths indicate that all the five Mw5+ earthquakes on the Blanco transform fault ruptured mainly above the depth of 600°C isotherm predicted by the half‐space cooling model. This finding aligns with the hypothesis that the rupture zone of large earthquakes at OTFs is confined by the 600°C isotherm. However, it is noted that the Blanco transform fault serves as a case study. Our 3‐D source inversion method offers a promising tool for systematically investigating global oceanic earthquakes using teleseismic waves.
Reproducibility of Equatorial Kelvin Waves in a Super‐Parameterized MIROC: 2. Linear Stability Analysis of In‐Model Kelvin Waves
Authors: Yamazaki K. , Miura H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile low‐resolution climate models at present struggle to appropriately simulate convectively coupled large‐scale atmospheric disturbances such as equatorial Kelvin waves (EKWs), superparameterization helps better reproduce such phenomena. To evaluate such model differences based on physical mechanisms, a linearized theoretical framework of convectively coupled EKWs was developed in a form readily applicable to model evaluation by allowing background stability and diabatic heating to have arbitrary vertical profiles rather than assuming simplified ones. A system of linearized equations of convection‐coupled gravity waves was derived as a two‐dimensional model of the convectively coupled EKWs. In this work, the basic states are taken from observations, CTL‐MIROC and SP‐MIROC experiments introduced in Part 1. The tendency of convectively coupled gravity waves to grow faster under top‐heavy heating is confirmed for realistic stratification profiles, as found in previous studies under constant stratifications. A comparison of linear unstable solutions with basic states taken from SP‐MIROC and CTL‐MIROC shows that the top‐heavy heating profile in SP‐MIROC largely contributes to the enhancement of the EKW‐like unstable modes, while subtle differences of stratification profiles considerably affect EKW behaviors. The bottom‐heavy heating bias in the CTL‐MIROC likely originates from insufficient modeling of subgrid stratiform precipitation in tropical organized systems. It is desirable to incorporate such stratiform components in cumulus parameterizations to achieve better EKW reproducibility.
Composition of Stream Dissolved Organic Matter Across Canadian Forested Ecozones Varies in Three Dimensions Linked to Landscape and Climate
Authors: Orlova Julia , Amiri Fariba , Bourgeois Alyssa K. , Buttle Jim M. , Cherlet Erin , Cuss Chad W. , Devito Kevin J. , Emelko Monica B. , Floyd William C. , Foster David E. , Hutchins Ryan H. S. , Jamieson Rob , Johnson Mark S. , McSorley Hannah J. , Silins Uldis , Tank Suzanne E. , Thompson Lauren M. , Webster Kara L. , Williams Chris H. S. , Olefeldt David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) is a key variable influencing aquatic ecosystem processes. The concentration and composition of DOM in streams depend on both the delivery of DOM from terrestrial sources and on aquatic DOM production and degradation. However, there is limited understanding of the variability of stream DOM composition at continental scales and the influence of landscape characteristics and disturbances on DOM across different regions. We assessed DOM composition in 52 streams at seven research sites across six forested ecozones in Canada in 2019–2022 using 26 indices derived from five analytical approaches: absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy, liquid chromatography—organic carbon detection, Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, and asymmetric flow field‐flow fractionation. Combined analyses showed clear clustering and redundancy across analytical techniques, and indicated that compositional variations were primarily related to three axes of DOM composition: (a) aromaticity, which was greater in low‐relief, wetland‐dominated catchments, (b) oxygenation, which was greater in colder and drier ecozones, and (c) biopolymer content, which was greater in lake‐influenced catchments. Variability in DOM composition among research sites was greater than variability of streams within a site and variability over time within a stream. Forest harvesting and wildfire disturbances had no common influence on DOM composition across research sites, emphasizing the need for regional studies. Our study provides a broad understanding of the variability of stream DOM composition and its associations with landscape and catchment characteristics at a subcontinental scale, and provides key insights for the choice and interpretation of DOM indices from various analytical approaches.
Bioinspired integrated triboelectric electronic tongue
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Qian Jingui , Adil Murtazt , Bi Yali , Wu Haoyi , Hu Xuefeng , Wang Zuankai , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn electronic tongue (E-tongue) comprises a series of sensors that simulate human perception of taste and embedded artificial intelligence (AI) for data analysis and recognition. Traditional E-tongues based on electrochemical methods suffer from a bulky size and require larger sample volumes and extra power sources, limiting their applications in in vivo medical diagnosis and analytical chemistry. Inspired by the mechanics of the human tongue, triboelectric components have been incorporated into E-tongue platforms to overcome these limitations. In this study, an integrated multichannel triboelectric bioinspired E-tongue (TBIET) device was developed on a single glass slide chip to improve the device’s taste classification accuracy by utilizing numerous sensory signals. The detection capability of the TBIET was further validated using various test samples, including representative human body, environmental, and beverage samples. The TBIET achieved a remarkably high classification accuracy. For instance, chemical solutions showed 100% identification accuracy, environmental samples reached 98.3% accuracy, and four typical teas demonstrated 97.0% accuracy. Additionally, the classification accuracy of NaCl solutions with five different concentrations reached 96.9%. The innovative TBIET exhibits a remarkable capacity to detect and analyze droplets with ultrahigh sensitivity to their electrical properties. Moreover, it offers a high degree of reliability in accurately detecting and analyzing various liquid samples within a short timeframe. The development of a self-powered portable triboelectric E-tongue prototype is a notable advancement in the field and is one that can greatly enhance the feasibility of rapid on-site detection of liquid samples in various settings.
Neutrophil diversity is associated with T-cell immunity and clinical relevance in patients with thyroid cancer
Authors: Lee Seong Eun , Koo Bon Seok , Sun Pureum , Yi Shinae , Choi Na Rae , Yoon Jiyeon , Kim Seon-Young , Kim Seon-Kyu , Park Seongyeol , Lakhani Aliya , O’Keeffe Samantha , Park Junyoung O. , Kang Da Hyun , Kang Yea Eun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeutrophil heterogeneity is involved in autoimmune diseases, sepsis, and several cancers. However, the link between neutrophil heterogeneity and T-cell immunity in thyroid cancer is incompletely understood. We investigated the circulating neutrophil heterogeneity in 3 undifferentiated thyroid cancer (UTC), 14 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) (4 Stage IV, 10 Stage I–II), and healthy controls (n = 10) by transcriptomic data and cytometry. Participants with UTC had a significantly higher proportion of immature high-density neutrophils (HDN) and lower proportion of mature HDN in peripheral blood compared to DTC. The proportion of circulating PD-L1+ immature neutrophils were significantly increased in advanced cancer patients. Unsupervised analysis of transcriptomics data from circulating HDN revealed downregulation of innate immune response and T-cell receptor signaling pathway in cancer patients. Moreover, UTC patients revealed the upregulation of glycolytic process and glutamate receptor signaling pathway. Comparative analysis across tumor types and stages revealed the downregulation of various T-cell-related pathways, such as T-cell receptor signaling pathway and T-cell proliferation in advanced cancer patients. Moreover, the proportions of CD8+ and CD4+ T effector memory CD45RA+ (TEMRA) cells from peripheral blood were significantly decreased in UTC patients compared to DTC patients. Finally, we demonstrated that proportions of tumor-infiltrated neutrophils were increased and related with poor prognosis in advanced thyroid cancer using data from our RNA-seq and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data. In conclusion, observed prevalence of circulating immature high-density neutrophils and their immunosuppressive features in undifferentiated thyroid cancers underscore the importance of understanding neutrophil dynamics in the context of tumor progression in thyroid cancer.
Subaerial weathering drove stabilization of continents
Authors: Reimink Jesse R. , Smye Andrew J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEarth’s silica-rich continental crust is unique among the terrestrial planets and is critical for planetary habitability. Cratons represent the most imperishable continental fragments and form about 50% of the continental crust of the Earth, yet the mechanisms responsible for craton stabilization remain enigmatic1. Large tracts of strongly differentiated crust formed between 3 and 2.5 billion years ago, during the late Mesoarchaean and Neoarchaean time periods2. This crust contains abundant granitoid rocks with elevated concentrations of U, Th and K; the formation of these igneous rocks represents the final stage of stabilization of the continental crust2,3. Here, we show that subaerial weathering, triggered by the emergence of continental landmasses above sea level, facilitated intracrustal melting and the generation of peraluminous granitoid magmas. This resulted in reorganization of the compositional architecture of continental crust in the Neoarchaean period. Subaerial weathering concentrated heat-producing elements into terrigenous sediments that were incorporated into the deep crust, where they drove crustal melting and the chemical stratification required to stabilize the cratonic lithosphere. The chain of causality between subaerial weathering and the final differentiation of Earth’s crust implies that craton stabilization was an inevitable consequence of continental emergence. Generation of sedimentary rocks enriched in heat-producing elements, at a time in the history of the Earth when the rate of radiogenic heat production was on average twice the present-day rate, resolves a long-standing question of why many cratons were stabilized in the Neoarchaean period.
Tumor-repopulating cells evade ferroptosis via PCK2-dependent phospholipid remodeling
Authors: Li Zhe , Xu Zhi-min , Chen Wei-peng , Du Xiao-jing , Ou Chun-xian , Luo Zi-kang , Wang Rong , Zhang Chu-qing , Ge Chao-dong , Han Meng , Wang Fudi , He Rong-Rong , Sun Wan-yang , Ma Jun , Liang Xiao-yu , Liu Zhuo-wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhether stem-cell-like cancer cells avert ferroptosis to mediate therapy resistance remains unclear. In this study, using a soft fibrin gel culture system, we found that tumor-repopulating cells (TRCs) with stem-cell-like cancer cell characteristics resist chemotherapy and radiotherapy by decreasing ferroptosis sensitivity. Mechanistically, through quantitative mass spectrometry and lipidomic analysis, we determined that mitochondria metabolic kinase PCK2 phosphorylates and activates ACSL4 to drive ferroptosis-associated phospholipid remodeling. TRCs downregulate the PCK2 expression to confer themselves on a structural ferroptosis-resistant state. Notably, in addition to confirming the role of PCK2-pACSL4(T679) in multiple preclinical models, we discovered that higher PCK2 and pACSL4(T679) levels are correlated with better response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as lower distant metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cohorts.
Paleo-geomorphic features of pre-Jurassic and its oil-controlling effect in Wuqi–Dingbian area
Authors: Wang Guicheng , Wang Xiaolin , Xie Licheng , Huang Ruili 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Fuxian-Yan10 layers are the main oil-producing reservoirs of Jurassic in Wuqi–Dingbian area of Ordos Basin. However, due to the lack of understanding of the pattern and distribution characteristics of oil reservoirs, the benefits of exploration and development are restricted. In order to provide theoretical guidance for the study of similar geological features, based on the analysis of paleogeomorphic features and evolution, the analysis focuses on the influence of palaeo-geomorphology on oil reservoir distribution, and summarizes the main types of reservoir models in the study area. The results show that there are four types of palaeo-geomorphic units in the Wuding area: palaeo-river, slope, highland and interriver hill. In the study area, the Jurassic paleogeomorphology controls the sedimentary development and distribution from Fuxian Formation to Yan 9 Formation. The compacted structure and lithologic barrier provide good trapping conditions for the paleogeomorphic oil. Moreover, the swampy coal measures and mudstone at the top of Yan 9 play a sealing role for oil accumulation, and the bottom water was obviously driven. In addition, the pre-Jurassic deep valley was the main channels for oil migration. On this basis, it is concluded that there are four reservoir-forming models in Wuding area: slope type, river hill type, ancient river type and highland type.
Effects of train speed and passenger capacity on ground vibration of underground suburban railways
Authors: Cao Shusen , Li Dong , Li Zhimin , Wang Hongkai , Yin Jili , Chen Chao , Wang Futong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aims to explore the optimal driving speed for ground vibration in suburban railway underground sections. We focused on the ground surface of suburban railway underground sections and developed a 3D finite element dynamic coupling model for the tunnel–soil system. Subsequently, considering factors such as train speed and passenger load, we analyzed the propagation characteristics of ground vibration responses in urban railway underground sections. The research results indicate a significant amplification phenomenon in the peak power spectrum of measurement points near the tunnels in underground sections. The high-frequency components of the power spectrum between measurement points are noticeably higher between the two tunnels. Furthermore, as the train speed increases, this amplification phenomenon becomes more pronounced, and the power spectrum of each measurement point mainly concentrates on several frequency bands, with the amplitude of the power spectrum near the prominent frequencies also increasing. However, when the train speed is between 100 and 120 km/h, the impact on the amplitude of the power spectrum at measurement points above the running tunnel is minimal. Additionally, the amplitude of the middle-to-high frequency components in the power spectrum increases with the increase in passenger numbers. The impact on the peak acceleration amplitude at each measurement point is minimal when the train speed is 80 km/h or below. However, once the train speed exceeds 80 km/h, the peak acceleration amplitude above the running tunnel rapidly increases, reaching its maximum value at 113 km/h, and then gradually decreasing.
A green, facile, and practical preparation of capsaicin derivatives with thiourea structure
Authors: Chen Lina , Gao Zhenhua , Zhang Ye , Dai Xiandong , Meng Fanhua , Guo Yongbiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCapsaicin derivatives with thiourea structure (CDTS) is highly noteworthy owing to its higher analgesic potency in rodent models and higher agonism in vitro. However, the direct synthesis of CDTS remains t one or more shortcomings. In this study, we present reported a green, facile, and practical synthetic method of capsaicin derivatives with thiourea structure is developed by using an automated synthetic system, leading to a series of capsaicin derivatives with various electronic properties and functionalities in good to excellent yields.
Association between organic nitrogen substrates and the optical purity of d-lactic acid during the fermentation by Sporolactobacillus terrae SBT-1
Authors: Thitiprasert Sitanan , Jaiaue Phetcharat , Amornbunchai Nichakorn , Thammakes Jesnipit , Piluk Jirabhorn , Srimongkol Piroonporn , Tanasupawat Somboon , Thongchul Nuttha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development of biotechnological lactic acid production has attracted attention to the potential production of an optically pure isomer of lactic acid, although the relationship between fermentation and the biosynthesis of highly optically pure d-lactic acid remains poorly understood. Sporolactobacillus terrae SBT-1 is an excellent d-lactic acid producer that depends on cultivation conditions. Herein, three enzymes responsible for synthesizing optically pure d-lactic acid, including d-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH; encoded by ldhDs), l-lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH; encoded by ldhLs), and lactate racemase (Lar; encoded by larA), were quantified under different organic nitrogen sources and concentration to study the relationship between fermentation conditions and synthesis pathway of optically pure lactic acid. Different organic nitrogen sources and concentrations significantly affected the quantity and quality of d-lactic acid produced by strain SBT-1 as well as the synthetic optically pure lactic acid pathway. Yeast extract is a preferred organic nitrogen source for achieving high catalytic efficiency of d-lactate dehydrogenase and increasing the transcription level of ldhA2, indicating that this enzyme plays a major role in d-lactic acid formation in S. terrae SBT-1. Furthermore, lactate racemization activity could be regulated by the presence of d-lactic acid. The results of this study suggest that specific nutrient requirements are necessary to achieve a stable and highly productive fermentation process for the d-lactic acid of an individual strain.
Adaptive temporal compression for reduction of computational complexity in human behavior recognition
Authors: Huang Haixin , Wang Yuyao , Cai Mingqi , Wang Ruipeng , Wen Feng , Hu Xiaojie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe research on video analytics especially in the area of human behavior recognition has become increasingly popular recently. It is widely applied in virtual reality, video surveillance, and video retrieval. With the advancement of deep learning algorithms and computer hardware, the conventional two-dimensional convolution technique for training video models has been replaced by three-dimensional convolution, which enables the extraction of spatio-temporal features. Specifically, the use of 3D convolution in human behavior recognition has been the subject of growing interest. However, the increased dimensionality has led to challenges such as the dramatic increase in the number of parameters, increased time complexity, and a strong dependence on GPUs for effective spatio-temporal feature extraction. The training speed can be considerably slow without the support of powerful GPU hardware. To address these issues, this study proposes an Adaptive Time Compression (ATC) module. Functioning as an independent component, ATC can be seamlessly integrated into existing architectures and achieves data compression by eliminating redundant frames within video data. The ATC module effectively reduces GPU computing load and time complexity with negligible loss of accuracy, thereby facilitating real-time human behavior recognition.
Novel nanostructure approach for antibiotic decomposition in a spinning disc photocatalytic reactor
Authors: Fallahizadeh Saeid , Rahimi Mahmood Reza , Gholami Mitra , Esrafili Ali , Farzadkia Mahdi , Kermani Majid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConventional wastewater treatment processes are often unable to remove antibiotics with resistant compounds and low biological degradation. The need for advanced and sustainable technologies to remove antibiotics from water sources seems essential. In this regard, the effectiveness of a spinning disc photocatalytic reactor (SDPR) equipped with a visible light-activated Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2@CuO/ZnO core–shell (FSNCZ CS) thin film photocatalyst was investigated for the decomposition of amoxicillin (AMX), a representative antibiotic. Various characterization techniques, such as TEM, FESEM, EDX, AFM, XRD, and UV–Vis-DRS, were employed to study the surface morphology, optoelectronic properties, and nanostructure of the FSNCZ CS. Key operating parameters such as irradiation time, pH, initial AMX concentration, rotational speed, and solution flow rate were fine-tuned for optimization. The results indicated that the highest AMX decomposition (98.7%) was attained under optimal conditions of 60 min of irradiation time, a rotational speed of 350 rpm, a solution flow rate of 0.9 L/min, pH of 5, and an initial AMX concentration of 20 mg/L. Moreover, during the 60 min irradiation time, more than 69.95% of chemical oxygen demand and 61.2% of total organic carbon were removed. After the photocatalytic decomposition of AMX, there is a substantial increase in the average oxidation state and carbon oxidation state in SDPR from 1.33 to 1.94 and 3.2, respectively. Active species tests confirmed that ·OH and ·O2− played a dominant role in AMX decomposition. The developed SDPR, which incorporates a reusable and robust FSNCZ CS photocatalyst, demonstrates promising potential for the decomposition of organic compounds.