bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Respiration Rate and Body Weight in Arctic Copepods at Subzero Temperature
Authors: Arashkevich E. G. , Drits A. V. , Pasternak A. F. , Frenkel S. E. , Karmanov V. A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The dependence of the respiration rate (R) on an animal’s weight (W) is described by the equation R = aW
b
, where the exponential coefficient b is usually taken equal to 3/4. However, several authors have indicated that the value of coefficient b may vary with temperature changes, as well as during ontogeny. In Arctic seas, copepods spend most of their lives at temperatures below or close to zero. Meanwhile, there are very few respiration rate measurements at temperature ≤ 0°C, which does not allow us to estimate the value of coefficient b at subzero temperature. The study was carried out on three cruises of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in the Siberian Arctic seas in 2018–2020. Copepods caught from the sea were adapted to the experimental temperature and placed in tightly capped vials filled with filtered seawater for 24 h. The oxygen concentration was measured with a fiber-optic oxygen probe. The results of 120 respiration rate measurements and 111 body carbon measurements in five species of copepods at a temperature of –1.5°C are presented. The obtained relationship between body carbon content (W) and prosome length (L) is described by the equation W = 6.982L
3.221, and the dependence of respiration on body weight is described by the equation R = 0.077W  0.753. No effect of subzero temperature on coefficient b was revealed. The parameters of regression R(W) did not change with the ontogenetic development of Calanus glacialis.
Tactics of Fish Behavior in the Water Flow during Starvation
Authors: Pavlov D. S. , Parshina V. Yu. , Kostin V. V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Individual movement parameters for the zebrafish Danio rerio and the Prussian carp Carassius gibelio during starvation for 12 days have been determined in an experimental hydrodynamic installation circular tank. The fishes represent two tactics of behavioral responses on starvation. The tactics of unidirectional responses have been manifested in the movement of individuals in one direction relative to the water flow on days 2–5 of starvation. The tactics of multidirectional responses have been manifested on days 10–12 of starvation as movements in different directions relative to the water flow. The population advantages of such behavioral tactics of fish response to an unfavorable factor are considered.
Assessing the impact of obesity interventions in the early years: a systematic review of UK-based studies
Authors: Michalopoulou Semina , Sifaki Maria , Packer Jessica , Lanigan Julie , Stansfield Claire , Viner Russell M , Russell Simon 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesChildhood obesity rates in the UK are high. The early years of childhood are critical for establishing healthy behaviours and offer interventional opportunities. We aimed to identify studies evaluating the impact of UK-based obesity interventions in early childhood.DesignSystematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Data sourcesNine databases were searched in March 2023. Eligibility criteria: We included UK-based obesity intervention studies delivered to children aged 6 months to 5 years that had diet and/or physical activity components and reported anthropometric outcomes. The primary outcome of interest was z-score Body Mass Index (zBMI) change (within and between subjects). Studies evaluating the effects of breastfeeding interventions were not included as obesity prevention interventions, given that best-practice formula feeding is also likely to encourage healthy growth. The publication date for studies was limited to the previous 12 years (2011–23), as earlier reviews found few evaluations of interventions in the UK.Data extraction and synthesisThe reviewers worked independently using standardised approach to search, screen and code the included studies. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane tools (ROB 2 or ROBINS-I).ResultsSix trials (five studies) were identified, including two randomised controlled trials (RCT), one cluster randomised trial (CRT), two feasibility CRTs and one impact assessment. The total number of participants was 566. Three trials focused on disadvantaged families and two included high-risk children categorised as having overweight or obesity. Compared with baseline, five interventions reported reductions in zBMI, three of which were statistically significant (p<0.05). Compared with control, five interventions showed zBMI reductions, one of which was significant. Only two trials were followed up beyond 12 months. All studies were found to have a high risk of bias. Meta-analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity of studies.ConclusionUK evidence was limited but some interventions showed promising results in promoting healthy growth. As part of a programme of policies, interventions in the early years may have an important role in reducing the risk of childhood obesity.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021290676
Exploring community participation in vectorborne disease control in Southeast Asia: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Naserrudin Nurul Athirah , Adhikari Bipin , Culleton Richard , Hod Rozita , Saffree Jeffree Mohammad , Ahmed Kamruddin , Hassan Mohd Rohaizat 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionVector borne diseases (VBDs) present significant public health challenges in Southeast Asia (SEA), and the increasing number of cases threatens vulnerable communities. Inadequate vector control and management have been linked to the spread of VBDs. To address these issues, community participation has been proposed as a promising approach to enhance health programmes and control of VBDs. This article outlines a protocol for a scoping review of the published literature on community-participation approaches to control VBDs in the SEA region. The primary research question is ‘How does community participation complement the control of VBDs in SEA?’ This review aims to provide an overview of various approaches and identify barriers and facilitators to effective implementation.Methods and analysisThe research questions will guide the scoping review. In stage 1, peer-reviewed publications from PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus will be searched using predefined search terms related to community-based approaches and VBDs in the SEA region, English, Indonesian and Malay published between 2012 and 2022. In stage 2, the references from relevant articles will be screened for eligibility. In stage 3, eligible articles will be charted in Microsoft Excel to facilitate the review process, and studies will be characterised based on the investigated diseases; this review will also highlight the methodological context of these studies. In stage 4, a thematic analysis will be conducted to derive meaningful findings from the dataset relevant to the research inquiry, followed by writing the results in stage 5. This scoping review aims to be the first to explore community participation in VBD control in the SEA population, providing valuable insights for future research and stakeholders involved in disease control.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review does not require ethical approval because the methodology synthesises information from available articles. This review is planned for dissemination in academic journals, conference presentations and shared with stakeholders as part of knowledge sharing among those involved in VBD control.
Association between non-registration of chronic kidney disease and mortality and cardiovascular outcome: a time-to-event analysis of retrospective primary care data
Authors: Van den Wyngaert Ine , Mamouris Pavlos , Ali Endale Alemayehu , Vaes Bert , Van Pottelbergh Gijs 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivePatients with impaired kidney function and increased albuminuria are at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previous research has revealed that a substantial proportion of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) do not get a registered diagnosis in the electronic health record of the general practitioner. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between non-registration of CKD and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcome.Design and settingA retrospective study in primary care.MethodsThe analyses were carried out in the INTEGO database, a general practice-based morbidity registration network in Flanders, Belgium. The study used INTEGO data from the year 2018 for all patients ≥18 years old, including 10 551 patients. To assess the risk of mortality and CVD, a time-to-event analysis was performed. Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the association between non-registration and incidence of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events with mortality as a competing risk. Subgroup analyses were performed for estimated glomerular filtration rate stages (3A, 3B, 4 and 5). Multiple imputation was done following the methodology of Mamouriset al.ResultsMortality was higher in patients with non-registered CKD compared with patients with registered CKD (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.41). Non-registration of CKD was not associated with an increased risk for the development of CVD (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.11).ConclusionAn association between non-registration and all-cause mortality was identified, although no such association was apparent for CVD.
Analgesia for the treatment of acute pancreatitis: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Subramani Sriya S , Berg Alaina C , Kral Lee A , Murad Mohammad Hassan , Smith Abigail , Phillips Anna Evans , Yadav Dhiraj , Uc Aliye , Imdad Aamer 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionGastrointestinal hospitalisations in the USA cause over US$130 billion in expenditures, and acute pancreatitis is a leading cause of these hospitalisations. Adequate pain control is one of the primary treatment goals for acute pancreatitis. Though opioids are commonly used for analgesia in these patients, there have been concerns about short-term and long-term side effects of using opioids. Recently, non-opioid medications have been studied to treat pain in patients with acute pancreatitis. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to assess the comparative efficacy of analgesic medication for non-severe, acute pancreatitis.Methods and analysisWe will search multiple electronic databases for randomised controlled trials that study pain management in patients with non-severe, acute pancreatitis. The intervention will be any analgesic for acute pancreatitis in the hospital setting. The comparison group will be patients who received a placebo or other active interventions for pain management. The primary outcomes of interest include pain scores and the need for supplementary analgesia. The secondary outcomes will be serious adverse events, local complications, progression to severe pancreatitis, transfer to the intensive care unit, length of hospitalisation, time to start enteral feeds, 30-day all-cause mortality and Quality of Life Scale scores. If sufficient homogeneity exists among included studies, the findings will be pooled using a traditional pairwise and network meta-analysis. The risk of bias in randomised control trials will be evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach will be used to report the certainty of evidence.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will not involve direct contact with human subjects. The findings of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. They will give healthcare providers a better awareness of the optimal analgesic medication for pain treatment in non-severe, acute pancreatitis.
Theory and evidence-base for a digital platform for the delivery of language tests during awake craniotomy and collaborative brain mapping
Authors: Veljanoski Damjan , Ng Xin Yi , Hill Ciaran Scott , Jamjoom Aimun A B 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesBuild the theoretical and evidence-base for a digital platform (map-OR) which delivers intraoperative language tests during awake craniotomy and facilitates collaborative sharing of brain mapping data.DesignMixed methodology study including two scoping reviews, international survey, synthesis of development guiding principles and a risk assessment using failure modes and effects analysis.SettingThe two scoping reviews examined the literature published in the English language. International survey was completed by members of awake craniotomy teams from 14 countries.Main outcome measuresScoping review 1: number of technologies described for language mapping during awake craniotomy. Scoping review 2: barriers and facilitators to adopting novel technology in surgery. International survey: degree of language mapping technology penetration into clinical practice.ResultsA total of 12 research articles describing 6 technologies were included. The technologies required a range of hardware components including portable devices, virtual reality headsets and large integrated multiscreen stacks. The facilitators and barriers of technology adoption in surgery were extracted from 11 studies and mapped onto the 4 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology constructs. A total of 37 awake craniotomy teams from 14 countries completed the survey. Of the responses, 20 (54.1%) delivered their language tests digitally, 10 (27.0%) delivered tests using cards and 7 (18.9%) used a combination of both. The most commonly used devices were tablet computers (67.7%; n=21) and the most common software used was Microsoft PowerPoint (60.6%; n=20). Four key risks for the proposed digital platform were identified, the highest risk being a software and internet connectivity failure during surgery.ConclusionsThis work represents a rigorous and structured approach to the development of a digital platform for standardized intraoperative language testing during awake craniotomy and for collaborative sharing of brain mapping data.Trial registration numberScoping review protocol registrations in OSF registries (scoping review 1: osf.io/su9xm; scoping review 2: osf.io/x4wsc).
Targeting squalene epoxidase restores anti-PD-1 efficacy in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-induced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wen Jun , Zhang Xiang , Wong Chi Chun , Zhang Yating , Pan Yasi , Zhou Yunfei , Cheung Alvin Ho-Kwan , Liu Yali , Ji Fenfen , Kang Xing , Liu Dabin , Yu Jun 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveSqualene epoxidase (SQLE) promotes metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (MASH-HCC), but its role in modulating the tumour immune microenvironment in MASH-HCC remains unclear.DesignWe established hepatocyte-specificSqletransgenic (tg) and knockout mice, which were subjected to a choline-deficient high-fat diet plus diethylnitrosamine to induce MASH-HCC. SQLE function was also determined in orthotopic and humanised mice. Immune landscape alterations of MASH-HCC mediated by SQLE were profiled by single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry.ResultsHepatocyte-specificSqletg mice exhibited a marked increase in MASH-HCC burden compared with wild-type littermates, together with decreased tumour-infiltrating functional IFN-γ+and Granzyme B+CD8+T cells while enriching Arg-1+myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Conversely, hepatocyte-specificSqleknockout suppressed tumour growth with increased cytotoxic CD8+T cells and reduced Arg-1+MDSCs, inferring that SQLE promotes immunosuppression in MASH-HCC. Mechanistically, SQLE-driven cholesterol accumulation in tumour microenvironment underlies its effect on CD8+T cells and MDSCs. SQLE and its metabolite, cholesterol, impaired CD8+T cell activity by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Cholesterol depletion in vitro abolished the effect of SQLE-overexpressing MASH-HCC cell supernatant on CD8+T cell suppression and MDSC activation, whereas cholesterol supplementation had contrasting functions on CD8+T cells and MDSCs treated with SQLE-knockout supernatant. Targeting SQLE with genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibitor, terbinafine, rescued the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment in MASH-HCC models.ConclusionSQLE induces an impaired antitumour response in MASH-HCC via attenuating CD8+T cell function and augmenting immunosuppressive MDSCs. SQLE is a promising target in boosting anti-PD-1 immunotherapy for MASH-HCC.
Tobacco use by Massachusetts public college students: long term effect of the Massachusetts Tobacco Control Program
Authors: Rigotti N A , Regan S , Majchrzak N E , Knight J R , Wechsler H 
Published: May 2024

Objective:To assess tobacco use among Massachusetts public college students and compare students who attended high school in Massachusetts and were exposed to the Massachusetts Tobacco Control Program (MTCP) with students who attended high school outside Massachusetts and were unexposed to the programme.Design:Analysis of the 1999 Massachusetts College Alcohol Survey.Setting:Four year public colleges and universities in Massachusetts (n = 11).Subjects:1252 randomly selected students (response rate 56%).Main outcome measures:Self report of current (past 30 day), past year, and lifetime use of cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco.Results:One third of students had used a tobacco product in the past month and 46.4% had used tobacco in the past year. Cigarettes accounted for most of this tobacco use. Total tobacco use was higher among males than females but cigarette smoking did not differ by sex. Tobacco use was lower among athletes and higher among students who used alcohol or marijuana. Current tobacco use was lower among public college students who had attended high school in Massachusetts compared with those who attended high school in another state (31.5%v42.6%, p = 0.006). This difference persisted after adjustment for age, sex, race, parental education, and students' college residence (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46 to 0.97, p = 0.034).Conclusion:Tobacco use is common among Massachusetts public college students. Students who were exposed to the MTCP during high school are less likely to use tobacco than their peers who were not exposed to this programme. The MTCP may have reduced tobacco use among this group of young adults.
Economic effect of restaurant smoking restrictions on restaurant business in Massachusetts, 1992 to 1998
Authors: Bartosch W J , Pope G C 
Published: May 2024

Objective:To determine if restaurant business declines or improves after the implementation of restrictive restaurant smoking policies.Design:Analysis used a pre/post-quasi-experimental design that compared town meals tax receipts before and after the imposition of highly restrictive restaurant smoking policies in adopting versus non-adopting communities. The effect of restaurant smoking policies was estimated using a fixed effects regression model, entering a panel of 84 months of data for the 239 towns in the study. A separate model estimated the effect of restaurant smoking policies on establishments that served alcohol.Main outcome measure:Change in the trend in meals tax revenue (adjusted for population) following the implementation of highly restrictive restaurant smoking policies.Results:The local adoption of restrictive restaurant smoking policies did not lead to a measurable deviation from the strong positive trend in revenue between 1992 and 1998 that restaurants in Massachusetts experienced. Controlling for other less restrictive restaurant smoking policies did not change this finding. Similar results were found for only those establishments that served alcoholic beverages.Conclusions:Highly restrictive restaurant smoking policies do not have a significant effect on a community's level of meal receipts, indicating that claims of community wide restaurant business decline under such policies are unwarranted.
A longitudinal study of externally visible cigarette advertising on retail storefronts in Massachusetts before and after the Master Settlement Agreement
Authors: Celebucki C C , Diskin K 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:To assess the effect of the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) on the amount of cigarette advertisements visible from outside of over-the-counter tobacco retailers, for five specific premium brands and an “all other” category, for five types of establishments, and in three areas (windows/doors, building/other detached areas, and sidewalks); to assess the relation of total exterior retail cigarette advertising to illegal sales to youth.Methods:Observations were conducted on the number of cigarette advertisements visible from outside tobacco retail establishments in a paired convenience sample (n = 556) in Massachusetts before and after the MSA. Archival databases containing information on merchant compliance with age related sales laws during the time period were used to assess the relation of total cigarette advertising with sales to underage youth. Paired samplettests assessed planned comparisons pre- to post-MSA; Spearman's ρ tested associations for dichotomous variables.Results:Significant post-ban increases were observed in the prevalence of exterior cigarette advertising on gas (petrol) stations and gas mini/marts (gasoline retailers) buildings, windows, and doors. Significant declines were observed on windows of liquor stores. Winston advertising declined overall, while advertisements of the “all other” brand category increased. Correlations between advertising and illegal sales, while modest, were significant.Conclusions:These pre- to post-MSA increases suggest the tobacco industry may be shifting expenditures selectively from billboard advertising to retailer exteriors more favoured by youth. Greater amount of cigarette advertising visible from outside over-the-counter tobacco retailers is associated with greater cigarette sales to minors.
Testing the weak cosmic censorship conjecture in short haired black holes
Authors: Zhao Min , Tang Meirong , Xu Zhaoyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe weak cosmic censorship conjecture is a hypothesis about the nature of event horizons and singularities during the formation of black holes. It posits that singularities are always enveloped by the event horizons of black holes, thereby preventing naked singularities from affecting the causal structure of spacetime. In this paper, we study the effect of rotating short haired black holes on the weak cosmic censorship conjecture. Discussion of whether the event horizons of a rotating short haired black hole is disrupted by studying incident neutral test particles and scalar fields. In the context of short haired black holes, when incident neutral test particles are considered for extreme and near extreme cases, our research results indicate that neutral test particles can destroy the event horizons of short haired black holes, violating the weak cosmic censorship conjecture. In the case of scalar field incidence in short haired black holes, for extreme situations, when the incident wave modes fall within the range of $$\frac{1}{2\kappa M+\frac{\beta }{M\kappa }}<\frac{\omega }{m}<\frac{1}{2M\kappa + \frac{\beta }{M\kappa }-\frac{1}{2\kappa }},$$

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the results indicate that the event horizons of rotating short haired black holes is disrupted. For near extreme cases, the presence of hair allows for the disruption of the event horizons of rotating short haired black holes, as indicated by our results. Therefore, these conclusions are intriguing and will provide new insights for us to further understand the weak cosmic censorship conjecture and explore the properties of short haired black holes.