bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Attitudes and Practices that Shape Children's Drawing Experience at Home and at School
Authors: Burkitt Esther , Jolley Richard , Rose Sarah 
Published: October 2010

AbstractConcept: Few empirical studies have investigated the influence of teachers, parents and children on children's drawing experience. The current study aims to examine the attitudes and practices of these three key players that shape children's drawing experience.Method: A survey methodology was used, as typically found in previous research in this area. Participants were 270 5–14 year old children, 44 of their teachers of the National Curriculum for Art and Design, and 146 of their parents. The teachers and children participated in individual interviews and the parents completed a postal survey. Responses to most interview questions were transcribed and content analysis used to identify salient themes. The other questions involved responses on five‐point scales, these were analysed by reporting percentages.Results: The findings are discussed in five sections. First, the positive perceptions of children's drawing behaviour and attitudes. Second, the perceived importance and principal aims of the National Curriculum for Art and Design Education. Third, the numerous sources of encouragement and support for drawing development. Fourth, the differing perceptions of what constitutes a good and bad drawing. Fifth, issues surrounding an age‐related decline in children's drawing activity.Conclusions: The findings are related to theories of drawing education, and implications for children's drawings and drawing pedagogy are discussed.
Developing a (Non‐linear) Practice of Design Thinking
Authors: Teal Randall 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDesign thinking can be a powerful way to engage the world, allowing interactive understandings that are both analytic and experiential. When fully functioning, design thinking necessarily calls upon faculties often considered a‐rational, a‐causal and a‐logical. Unfortunately, such faculties often give rise to academic suspicion. That is to say, the indeterminacies of design thinking often spawn unhelpful (and undermining) reductions. When this occurs, the fullness of design thinking gets channelled into a series of steps, rules of thumb or professional categories, thereby diluting its potency.In order to encourage a richer image of design thinking, particularly for the education of design students, this article explores ways to complement more familiar logical understandings of the design process with the functional complexity of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's ‘rhizome’. As a heuristic device, the rhizome and its related concepts are employed to provide a more complete picture of design thinking and to develop a practice that imbues design work with meaningful complexity. In this way, the rhizome promotes design thinking as a process comprised of both linear and non‐linear aspects.
Sustainability in the Architectural Design Studio: A Case Study of Designing On‐Campus Academic Staff Housing in Konya and Izmir, Turkey
Authors: Bala Havva Alkan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIt is important to engender a 'sustainable’ architectural consciousness in the students who will be the next generation architects. In architectural education, design decisions taken during the early phases of the design process play an important role in ensuring concern for the sustainability issue. But, in general, all discussions about the site that have been held since the beginning of the semester get forgotten, and at the end of the design process students usually create projects that ignore the site criteria.In this article, a specific teaching methodology which supports the sustainability issue in the design studio is presented as a teaching/learning experience. The article is an overview of the design studio process illustrated by a case study on academic staff campus housing in Konya and İzmir, Turkey.To solve the same problem with the same brief in different regions requires developing sensitivity to climate issues. The resulting product is good evidence that teaching about sustainability in the design studio is effective.
Habitat differences and occurrence of native and exotic ants on Okinawa Island
Authors: KATAYAMA Motoki , TSUJI Kazuki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAnt fauna on Mallotus japonicus, a shrub with extrafloral nectaries, was investigated in two types of habitat (the villages and the forest‐edges) on subtropical Okinawa Island, Japan. Twenty and 16 ant species were found, including 11 and 6 tramp species in the villages and in the forest‐edges, respectively. Occurrence of tramp species was higher in the villages than in the forest edges, supporting the idea that tramp species tend to dominate in disturbed habitats. Nevertheless, the richness of native ants was almost the same across the two habitat types. Consequently, the ant species diversity on M. japonicus appeared higher in the villages. However, monitoring has to be continued to determine whether the above findings represent a stable phenomenon of the community or just a temporary state.
Directional selection by the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) at tunnel intersections
Authors: KU Sook Jung , SU Nan‐Yao , LEE Sang‐Hee 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSubterranean termites construct complicated tunnel networks for foraging below ground. Thus, they often encounter tunnel intersections during foraging activity. Directional selection by termites at intersections is likely to affect foraging efficiency because depending on their selection, the path length from food resources to the nest can vary significantly. In order to understand how termites are guided to choose the most economical path without the use of pheromones, we artificially excavated two tunnels of varying widths (W1 and W2; 2, 3, or 4 mm) that intersected at a 90° angle in each of nine soil‐filled arenas. We observed the directional selection of termites at intersections in arenas with combinations of W1 (mm) and W2 (mm) (W1, W2). For (W1, W2) = (2, 2) and (4, 4), termites statistically equally chose the three directions left, right, and straight, while for the (3, 3) arena combination, termites preferentially decided to go straight. On the other hand, for (W1, W2) = (2, 3) (2, 4), and (3, 4), termites advancing from narrower tunnels into intersections tended to turn right or left, while termites coming from the wider tunnel were more inclined to go straight. On the assumption that a wider tunnel is more frequently used by termites in the field, we can deduce that the wider tunnel may represent the most efficient/shortest path. Thus, this simple selection mechanism can prevent termites from deviating from the most economical path.
Adaptive significance of the recurrent photoperiodic response in a spring‐breeding carabid beetle, Carabus yaconinus
Authors: SHINTANI Yoshinori , NUMATA Hideharu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSeasonal changes in the photoperiodic sensitivity for reproduction in adults of a spring‐breeding carabid beetle, Carabus yaconinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae), were examined by transferring adults from outdoor to photoperiodic conditions in various seasons. Newly‐emerged adults transferred to the laboratory in September to December showed a long‐day photoperiodic response, but lost photoperiodic sensitivity gradually during winter. In late April, overwintered adults were not sensitive to the photoperiod, with females continuing to have mature eggs under both long‐day and short‐day conditions. In contrast, in late June and late July, the adults were sensitive to the photoperiod, with only those kept under short‐day conditions re‐entering reproductive diapause. This recovery of photoperiodic sensitivity appears to play a definitive role in maintenance of diapause in autumn for adults that have reproduced. The adults collected in late April regained photoperiodic sensitivity in two months even after being kept under unchanged conditions. Therefore, no environmental cue is required for recovery of photoperiodic sensitivity, which apparently recovers with the lapse of time. Our results suggest that the recurrent photoperiodic response is required in long‐living adults of C. yaconinus to regulate the timing of reproduction, and also indicate a difference in photoperiodic sensitivity in summer between overwintered and newly‐emerged adults.
Relationship between Resting Electrocardiographic Parameters and Estimated 10‐Year Risk for Coronary Heart Disease in Healthy Adults in the USA
Authors: Lee Jong‐Min , Yoo Ki‐Dong , Oh Yong‐Seog , Kim Dong‐Bin , Park Chan‐Seok , Jang Sung‐Won , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Ihm Sang‐Hyun , Kim Hee‐Yeol , Lee Man‐Young , Seung Ki‐Bae , Rho Tai‐Ho 
Published: October 2010

Background: Little is known about the relationship between resting electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). We sought to establish the association between ECG parameters and estimated 10‐year risk for CHD. Methods: We applied the risk prediction algorithm used by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines to data from 6399 individuals in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (aged 40–79 years) who had sinus rhythm, no previous heart disease, and no evidence of prior myocardial infarction according to the 12‐lead Minnesota Code. We used multiple linear and logistic regression models to determine the relationship between 10‐year risk for CHD and levels of resting ECG parameters. Results: After adjusting for age, gender, race, and body mass index, individuals with high risk had higher heart rate (HR), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and cardiac infarction injury score (CIIS), and longer HR‐corrected QT (QTc) interval than those with low risk. In models fully adjusted for coronary risk factors, individuals in the highest quintile of HR, PR, and QTc interval were 2.2, 0.7, and 1.8 times, respectively, more likely to have a high 10‐year risk as those in the lowest quintiles. There are dose‐dependent associations between HR, LVMI, CIIS, and QTc interval and the 10‐year risk group. Conclusions: These findings indicate that high HR, LVMI, and CIIS and prolonged QTc interval are positively and prolonged PR interval is negatively associated with high 10‐year risk for CHD in a general population. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(4):315‐320
Spontaneous Fluctuations between Diagnostic and Nondiagnostic ECGs in Brugada Syndrome Screening: Portuguese Family with Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Santos Luis Ferreira dos , Correia Emanuel , Rodrigues Bruno , Nunes Luis , Costa António , Carvalho José Lopes , Elvas Luis , Henriques Carla , Matos Ana , Santos Jorge Oliveira 
Published: October 2010

Background: All family members of patients with Brugada syndrome (BS) should be screened. Fluctuations between diagnostic and nondiagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns in patients with BS are recognized, but systematic studies are lacking. The objective of this work was to prospectively evaluate the spontaneous changes between diagnostic and nondiagnostic ECG patterns in a family screened for BS. Methods: One hundred twenty‐nine family members were possibly affected plus the index case were screened with two ECGs with an interval of 6 months. Only coved‐type ECG pattern was defined as diagnostic; type 2 and 3 ECGs were considered suggestive. Results: The first ECG series made six diagnostics and the second 11, but only three patients maintained the diagnostic ECG. Patients with basal diagnostic ECG were older and more frequently symptomatic. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly lower in adults with diagnostic plus suggestive ECG when compared with the others. No significant gender difference was found among relatives with or without diagnostic ECG. Conclusion: Spontaneous phenotypic manifestation of BS was more frequent in older symptomatic patients, absent in children, and related with low BMI. ECG manifestations were intermittent in more than 3/4 of the affected patients. Fluctuations between diagnostic and nondiagnostic ECGs may have an implication on the correct phenotyping in family screening so several ECGs with drug challenging are mandatory. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(4):337‐343
Subtraction Magnetocardiogram for Detecting Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Kandori Akihiko , Ogata Kuniomi , Miyashita Tsuyoshi , Takaki Hiroshi , Kanzaki Hideyuki , Hashimoto Syuji , Shimizu Wataru , Kamakura Shiro , Watanabe Shigeyuki , Aonuma Kazutaka 
Published: October 2010

Background:A large‐scale magnetocardiogram (MCG) database was produced, and standard MCG waveforms of healthy patients were calculated by using this database. It was clarified that the standard MCG waveforms are formed with the same shape and current distribution in healthy patients. A new subtraction method for detecting abnormal ST‐T waveforms in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients by using the standard MCG waveform was developed.Methods:We used MCGs of 56 CHD patients (63 ± 3 years old) and 101 age‐matched normal control patients (65 ± 5 years old). To construct a subtracted ST‐T waveform, we used standard MCG waveforms produced from 464 normal MCGs (male: 268, female: 196). The standard MCG waveforms were subtracted from each subject's measured MCGs, which were shortened or lengthened and normalized to adjust to the data length and magnitude of the standard waveform. We evaluated the maximum amplitude and maximum current‐arrow magnitude of the subtracted ST‐T waveform.Results:The maximum magnetic field, maximum magnitude of current arrows, and maximum magnitude of total current vector increased according to the number of coronary artery lesions. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting CHD and normal control patients were 74.6% and 84.1%, respectively.Conclusions:The subtraction MCG method can be used to detect CHD with high accuracy, namely, sensitivity of 74.6% and specificity of 84.1% (in the case of maximum amplitude of total current vector). Furthermore, the subtraction MCG magnitude and its current distribution can reflect the expanse of the ischemic lesion area and the progress from ischemia to myocardial infarction.Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(4):360‐368
“Awakenings”: Electrocardiographic Findings in Central Sleep Apnea
Authors: Littmann Laszlo , Nesbit Ross M. , Blackwell J. Matthew 
Published: October 2010

Central sleep apnea is an important but frequently missed clinical diagnosis. The purpose of this clinical case series is to demonstrate that in a subset of patients with central sleep apnea, inpatient telemetry ECG recordings may reveal a consistent relationship between changes in sinus rate, AV conduction, and the presence and rate of respiratory artifact that should raise the clinical suspicion of central sleep apnea. In the three presented cases, marked sinus bradycardia or AV block was followed by the simultaneous occurrence of abrupt acceleration of heart rate and the appearance of rapid micro‐oscillations consistent with respiratory artifact. These changes suggested central sleep apnea characterized by bradycardia during the apneic spells followed by awakening of the breathing center and postvagal tachycardia. In each case, central sleep apnea was confirmed by visual observation of the patient, documentation of arterial desaturations during episodes of bradycardia, and in two, by a subsequent sleep study. Physicians should be aware of the potential and significance of these electrocardiographic disturbances in patients with central sleep apnea. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(4):387‐391
Grandmothers Raising Grandchildren: Results of an Intervention to Improve Health Outcomes
Authors: Kelley Susan J. , Whitley Deborah M. , Campos Peter E. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract Purpose: To examine the impact of an intervention to improve the health of grandmothers raising grandchildren in parent‐absent homes. Design: A longitudinal, pretest‐posttest design. Methods: The sample was composed of 529 female caregivers with a mean age of 56.7 years (range 38–83) who were predominantly low‐income African Americans. Data were collected prior to the intervention and again at 12 months when the intervention was complete. The intervention involved home visitation by registered nurses and social workers, as well as other support services. The Short Form‐36 was used to assess physical and mental health, using eight multi‐item scales. Results: A comparison of pre‐ and posttest mean scores on the SF‐36 indicated significantly (p < .003) improved mean scores for vitality, physical effects on role functioning, emotional effects on role functioning, and mental health. No significant differences were found for other attributes. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that grandmothers raising grandchildren may benefit from a home‐based intervention designed to improve health attributes. Implications for nursing practice, policy, and research are presented. Clinical Relevance: The health of grandmother caregivers is critical to their ability to parent grandchildren successfully. Nurses practicing in a variety of settings are in a unique position to identify and address the health challenges of grandmothers who are raising grandchildren.
Fragrance mix II in the baseline series contributes significantly to detection of fragrance allergy
Authors: Heisterberg Maria V , Andersen Klaus E , Avnstorp Christian , Kristensen Berit , Kristensen Ove , Kaaber Knud , Laurberg Grete , Menné Torkil , Nielsen Niels Henrik , Sommerlund Mette , Thormann Jens , Veien Niels K , Vissing Susanne , Johansen Jeanne D 
Published: October 2010

Background: Fragrance mix II (FM II) is a relatively new screening marker for fragrance contact allergy. It was introduced in the patch test baseline series in Denmark in 2005 and contains six different fragrance chemicals commonly present in cosmetic products and which are known allergens. Aim: To investigate the diagnostic contribution of including FM II in the baseline series by comparing it with other screening markers of fragrance allergy: fragrance mix I (FM I), Myroxylon pereirae and hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC). Method: Retrospective study of 12 302 patients consecutively patch tested with FM II by members of the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group 2005–2008. Results: FM II gave a positive patch test in 553 patients (4.5%), and in 72.2% of these patients the reaction was judged to be clinically relevant. FM II ranked second in detecting fragrance allergy, after FM I. If FM II had not been included as a screening marker in the baseline series, 15.6% (n = 202) of individuals with fragrance allergy would not have been identified by the other fragrance screening markers (FM I, M. pereirae or HICC). Conclusion: FM II contributes substantially to detecting fragrance allergy. It ranked second among the fragrance screening markers tested in the baseline series and detects individuals with an allergy who otherwise would not have been identified.
Patch testing with fragrance mix II: results of the IVDK 2005–2008
Authors: Krautheim Andrea , Uter Wolfgang , Frosch Peter , Schnuch Axel , Geier Johannes 
Published: October 2010

Background: The fragrance mix (FM I), established in 1977, detects the majority, but not all cases of contact allergy to fragrances. Based on European research 2002/2003, fragrance mix II (FM II) was developed to supplement FM I. In 2005, the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) added FM II to their baseline series. Objectives: To evaluate reactions to FM II and its constituents in routine patch testing. Methods: Retrospective data analysis of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 2005–2008, of patch test results with FM II and its constituents. Results: A total of 35 633 patients were patch tested with FM II as part of the DKG baseline series. Of these, 1742 (4.9%) reacted positively. Concomitant reactions to FM I were observed in 41.9% of the patients reacting to FM II. In 367 FM II‐positive patients, a full breakdown test of the mix was performed. Of these, 47.7% reacted to hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, 16.1% to citral, 11.4% to farnesol, 3.8% to hexyl cinnamal, 2.7% to coumarin, and 2.5% to citronellol. Conclusions: FM II is an important screening and diagnostic tool to detect fragrance allergy. Hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde is the most important fragrance allergen in FM II.
Fragrance mix I patch test reactions in 5006 consecutive dermatitis patients tested simultaneously with TRUE Test® and Trolab® test material
Authors: Mortz Charlotte Gotthard , Andersen Klaus Ejner 
Published: October 2010

Background: The prevalence of contact allergy to fragrance mix (FM) I varies from study to study, depending on factors such as test population, patch test material, and technique. Objectives: To compare the outcome of routine patch testing with FM I TRUE Test and FM I Trolab. Materials and Methods: A total of 5006 consecutive eczema patients were patch tested with both patch test materials according to the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Results: A total of 9.9% patients tested had a positive reaction to one of the FM I mixes; 4.4% to FM I TRUE Test, 9.3% to FM I Trolab, and 3.7% to both (P < 0.0001). Patients with a stronger reaction to FM I TRUE Test almost all reacted to FM I Trolab, whereas the reverse situation showed a lower association. Clinical relevance of a positive patch test reaction to FM I TRUE Test was found in 73.0%, and clinical relevance of a positive patch test reaction to FM I Trolab was found in 64.3%; 68.4% of the patients with a positive reaction to FM I TRUE Test and 54.3% with a positive reaction to FM I Trolab were positive to one or more of the eight constituents of the mix. Limitations: The study is retrospective, and supplementary testing with FM components in patients with a positive reaction to the mixes was performed in a selected group of patients. Determination of clinical relevance may be biased. Conclusions: From this study, we cannot conclude which of the two FM I test preparations is the best for diagnostic purposes. Inclusion of both FM I tests in the baseline series to obtain a graded degree of FM I allergy for the individual patient is one option. Prospective controlled patch test studies with FM I patch test material are recommended.
Long‐term prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema with androgen derivates: a critical appraisal and potential alternatives
Authors: Maurer Marcus , Magerl Markus 
Published: October 2010

SummaryAndrogen derivatives are regarded as standard in the long‐term prophylaxis of swelling attacks in patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE). Because of their relatively slow onset of action, they are not suitable for acute therapy. Long‐term prophylaxis with androgen derivatives must be regarded critically, especially on account of their androgenic and anabolic effects, some of which are severe. The risk of adverse events increases with the daily dose and the duration of treatment. Thus, treatment always calls for close monitoring of patients with regard to potential adverse events. In addition, androgens are subject to numerous contraindications and they show interactions with a large number of other drugs. Off‐label use, doping issues, clarification of reimbursement and the need to import the androgen derivatives, which are no longer marketed in Germany, result in additional effort for the treating physician in terms of logistics and time involved.In symptomatic treatment of acute attacks the intravenous substitution of C1‐INH and – since 2008 – subcutaneous administration of icatibant are available. The two substances are well tolerated and their effect occurs rapidly and, when the diagnosis has been confirmed, reliably. In the light of these two treatment options for controlling acute attacks, prophylactic treatment of HAE patients with androgen derivatives such as danazol should be reassessed. Patients might benefit from a dose reduction or the withdrawal of androgen prophylaxis and attacks can be controlled with demand‐oriented acute treatment using C1‐INH or icatibant.