bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controls on floc growth in an energetic tidal channel
Authors: Braithwaite K. M. , Bowers D. G. , Nimmo Smith W. A. M. , Graham G. W. 
Published: November 2011

Measurements of turbulence and suspended particle characteristics have been made continuously for 9 tidal cycles in a shallow, energetic tidal channel. Particle‐size spectra were measured with a LISST‐100 laser diffraction instrument placed on a frame on the seabed. A 1200 kHz ADCP in the same frame was used to measure vertical current profiles and from these the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate was determined using the structure function method. Median particle size is observed to change in a regular way by a factor of 3 or more over each tidal cycle, with the largest particles observed at slack tide and the smallest at times of maximum flood and ebb. The most likely explanation of this change is that particles are aggregating at times of low turbulence and breaking up during fast flows. A simple dynamical flocculation model that incorporates these processes gives good agreement with observations, particularly if tidal advection of a longitudinal gradient in particle size is allowed for. If particles have time to reach equilibrium with ambient conditions, the model predicts that the particle size will be proportional to the product of concentration and the Kolmogorov microscale. The observations support this prediction on most tidal cycles if a phase lag (of 30–60 min) is allowed between the measurements of particle size and Kolmogorov scale. This phase lag represents the adjustment time for flocs to respond to change in turbulence. The constant of proportionality between median particle size and Kolmogorov scale increases with particle volume.
Atmosphere‐ocean ozone fluxes during the TexAQS 2006, STRATUS 2006, GOMECC 2007, GasEx 2008, and AMMA 2008 cruises
Authors: Helmig D. , Lang E. K. , Bariteau L. , Boylan P. , Fairall C. W. , Ganzeveld L. , Hare J. E. , Hueber J. , Pallandt M. 
Published: November 2011

A ship‐based eddy covariance ozone flux system was deployed to investigate the magnitude and variability of ozone surface fluxes over the open ocean. The flux experiments were conducted on five cruises on board the NOAA research vesselRonald Brownduring 2006–2008. The cruises covered the Gulf of Mexico, the southern as well as northern Atlantic, the Southern Ocean, and the persistent stratus cloud region off Chile in the eastern Pacific Ocean. These experiments resulted in the first ship‐borne open‐ocean ozone flux measurement records. The median of 10 min oceanic ozone deposition velocity (vd) results from a combined ∼ 1700 h of observations ranged from 0.009 to 0.034 cm s−1. For the Gulf of Mexico cruise (Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS)) the median vd (interquartile range) was 0.034 (0.009–0.065) cm s−1 (total number of 10 min measurement intervals, Nf = 1953). For the STRATUS cruise off the Chilean coast, the median vd was 0.009 (0.004–0.037) cm s−1 (Nf = 1336). For the cruise from the Gulf of Mexico and up the eastern U.S. coast (Gulf of Mexico and East Coast Carbon cruise (GOMECC)) a combined value of 0.018 (0.006–0.045) cm s−1 (Nf = 1784) was obtained (from 0.019 (−0.014–0.043) cm s−1, Nf = 663 in the Gulf of Mexico, and 0.018 (−0.004–0.045) cm s−1, Nf = 1121 in the North Atlantic region). The Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment (GasEx) and African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA), the Southern Ocean and northeastern Atlantic cruises, respectively, resulted in median ozone vd of 0.009 (−0.005–0.026) cm s−1 (Nf = 2745) and 0.020 (−0.003–0.044) cms−1 (Nf = 1147). These directly measured ozone deposition values are at the lower end of previously reported data in the literature (0.01–0.12 cm s−1) for ocean water. Data illustrate a positive correlation (increase) of the oceanic ozone uptake rate with wind speed, albeit the behavior of the relationship appears to differ during these cruises. The encountered wide range of meteorological and ocean biogeochemical conditions is used to investigate fundamental drivers of oceanic O3 deposition and for the evaluation of a recently developed global oceanic O3 deposition modeling system.
Effects of pressure and temperature on the binding of RecA protein to single-stranded DNA
Authors: Merrin Jack , Kumar Pradeep , Libchaber Albert 
Published: November 2011

The binding and polymerization of RecA protein to DNA is required for recombination, which is an essential function of life. We study the pressure and temperature dependence of RecA binding to single-stranded DNA in the presence of adenosine 5'-[γ-thio]triphosphate (ATP[γ-S]), in a temperature regulated high pressure cell using fluorescence anisotropy. Measurements were possible at temperatures between 5–60 °C and pressures up to 300 MPa. Experiments were performed on
Escherichia coli
RecA and RecA from a thermophilic bacteria,
Thermus thermophilus
. For
E. coli
RecA at a given temperature, binding is a monotonically decreasing and reversible function of pressure. At atmospheric pressure,
E. coli
RecA binding decreases monotonically up to 42 °C, where a sharp transition to the unbound state indicates irreversible heat inactivation.
T. thermophilus
showed no such transition within the temperature range of our apparatus. Furthermore, we find that binding occurs for a wider range of pressure and temperature for
T. thermophilus
compared to
E. coli
RecA, suggesting a correlation between thermophilicity and barophilicity. We use a two-state model of RecA binding/unbinding to extract the associated thermodynamic parameters. For
E. coli
, we find that the binding/unbinding phase boundary is hyperbolic. Our results of the binding of RecA from
E. coli
and
T. thermophilus
show adaptation to pressure and temperature at the single protein level.
Multigait soft robot
Authors: Shepherd Robert F. , Ilievski Filip , Choi Wonjae , Morin Stephen A. , Stokes Adam A. , Mazzeo Aaron D. , Chen Xin , Wang Michael , Whitesides George M. 
Published: November 2011

This manuscript describes a unique class of locomotive robot: A soft robot, composed exclusively of soft materials (elastomeric polymers), which is inspired by animals (e.g., squid, starfish, worms) that do not have hard internal skeletons. Soft lithography was used to fabricate a pneumatically actuated robot capable of sophisticated locomotion (e.g., fluid movement of limbs and multiple gaits). This robot is quadrupedal; it uses no sensors, only five actuators, and a simple pneumatic valving system that operates at low pressures (< 10 psi). A combination of crawling and undulation gaits allowed this robot to navigate a difficult obstacle. This demonstration illustrates an advantage of soft robotics: They are systems in which simple types of actuation produce complex motion.
The integrated global temperature change potential (iGTP) and relationships between emission metrics
Authors: Peters Glen P , Aamaas Borgar , Berntsen Terje , Fuglestvedt Jan S 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The Kyoto Protocol compares greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) using the global warming potential (GWP) with a 100 yr time-horizon. The GWP was developed, however, to illustrate the difficulties in comparing GHGs. In response, there have been many critiques of the GWP and several alternative emission metrics have been proposed. To date, there has been little focus on understanding the linkages between, and interpretations of, different emission metrics. We use an energy balance model to mathematically link the absolute GWP, absolute global temperature change potential (AGTP), absolute ocean heat perturbation (AOHP), and integrated AGTP. For pulse emissions, energy conservation requires that AOHP = AGWP − iAGTP/λ and hence AGWP and iAGTP are closely linked and converge as AOHP decays to zero. When normalizing the metrics with CO2 (GWP, GTP, and iGTP), we find that the iGTP and GWP are similar numerically for a wide range of GHGs and time-horizons, except for very short-lived species. The similarity between the iGTPX and GWPX depends on how well a pulse emission of CO2 can substitute for a pulse emission of X across a range of time-horizons. The ultimate choice of emission metric(s) and time-horizon(s) depends on policy objectives. To the extent that limiting integrated temperature change over a specific time-horizon is consistent with the broader objectives of climate policy, our analysis suggests that the GWP represents a relatively robust, transparent and policy-relevant emission metric.
Cerebral amyloid β(42) deposits and microvascular pathology in ageing baboons
Authors: Ndung'u M. , Härtig W. , Wegner F. , Mwenda J. M. , Low R. W. C. , Akinyemi R. O. , Kalaria R. N. 
Published: November 2011

M. Ndung'u, W. Härtig, F. Wegner, J. M. Mwenda, R. W. C. Low, R. O. Akinyemi and R. N. Kalaria (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 487–499Cerebral amyloid β(42) deposits and microvascular pathology in ageing baboonsBackground: Previous studies have extensively reported the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide with carboxyl‐ and amino‐terminal heterogeneity in cortical and cerebrovascular deposits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in non‐human primates except baboons. Methods: We examined the immunocytochemical distribution of Aβ peptides and Aβ oligomers in brain tissue from three subspecies of 18‐ to 28‐year‐old baboons (Papio) and in other monkeys including the squirrel (Saimiri sciureus) and rhesus (Macaca mulatta) for comparison. Results: A general preponderance of Aβ(42) in parenchymal deposits and many vascular deposits in all cortical lobes was evident in the baboons. Aβ oligomeric immunoreactivity was also apparent like to amyloid plaques. We found that the amino acid sequence of the Aβ domain of the baboon amyloid precursor protein is similar to that of man. In contrast to Aβ, immunoreactivity to hyperphosphorylated tau protein was largely intracellular and rare in these baboons. Brain tissues from squirrel and rhesus monkeys examined in parallel exhibited mostly vascular and parenchymal deposits containing Aβ(42) peptides. Our results were comparable to AD, but showed that even in younger monkeys exhibiting few deposits, Aβ(42) was evident in both parenchymal deposits and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Perivascular amyloid deposits were frequent and often accompanied by microvascular abnormalities in the form of collapsed degenerated capillaries. Conclusions: Similar to other primates above and below in the phylogenetic order, our observations and evaluation of the literature implicate pathogenicity of Aβ(42) peptide associated with microvascular degeneration in baboons. We suggest baboons are useful animals to investigate the dynamics of AD‐related pathology.
Final height in a prospective trial of late steroid withdrawal after pediatric renal transplantation treated with cyclosporine and mizoribine
Authors: Motoyama Osamu , Hasegawa Akira , Aikawa Atsushi , Shishido Seiichirou , Honda Masataka , Tsuzuki Kazuo , Kinukawa Tsuneo , Hattori Motoshi , Ogawa Osamu , Yanagihara Toshio , Saito Kazuhide , Takahashi Kota , Ohshima Shinichi 
Published: November 2011

Motoyama O, Hasegawa A, Aikawa A, Shishido S, Honda M, Tsuzuki K, Kinukawa T, Hattori M, Ogawa O, Yanagihara T, Saito K, Takahashi K, Ohshima S. Final height in a prospective trial of late steroid withdrawal after pediatric renal transplantation treated with cyclosporine and mizoribine.  Pediatr Transplantation 2012: 16: 78–82. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  A prospective trial of corticosteroid (steroid) withdrawal after pediatric renal transplantation was started in 1990. Fifty‐eight recipients with functioning grafts reached their final height. They were transplanted at a mean age of 10.7 yr. Immunosuppressive therapy with CyA, MP, and MZ was started after transplantation. MP was reduced to an alternate‐day dose in 49 patients and was withdrawn in 23. Their mean height SDS was −2.4 at the time of transplantation and −2.1 at their final height. Mean final height was 157.9 cm in men and 147.6 cm in women. In 18 patients who had been withdrawn from MP for more than two yr before reaching final height, mean age at transplantation was 8.9 yr. Their mean height SDS of −2.2 at the time of transplantation increased to −1.6 at their final height (p = 0.02), and mean final height was 163.8 cm in men and 147.8 cm in women. The height SDS in all 58 patients was maintained during the immunosuppressive therapy with steroid minimization, and final height SDS increased in recipients older than five yr at transplantation with steroid withdrawal.
Can donor liver left lateral sector weight be predicted from anthropometric variables?
Authors: Gelas Thomas , Mirza Darius F. , Boillot Olivier , Muiesan Paolo , Sharif Khalid 
Published: November 2011

Gelas T, Mirza DF, Boillot O, Muiesan P, Sharif K. Can donor liver left lateral sector weight be predicted from anthropometric variables?Abstract:  Most of the pediatric LT grafts consist in a LLS. Liver graft size matching is one of the major factors determining a successful outcome. The aim of our study was to assess whether anthropometric parameters can be used to estimate the LLS weight. A total of 122 donors (48F/74M) from two transplantation centers were retrospectively reviewed. Eighteen were living related donors (LRLT) and 104 DDs. The donor age was 28.2 yr (range 15–63). The BW and height were, respectively, 70.1 kg (range 45–111) and 172.7 cm (range 152–197). The WLW (n = 66) was 1462 g (range 921–2340), and the liver‐to‐BW ratio was 2% (range 1.45–2.8%). The LLS graft weight was 313 g (range: 183–537 g). The ratio between LLS and BW was 0.452% (range 0.27–0.74). The LLS represented 22.3% of the WLW with a large variability (range 15.4–31.3%). None of the developed models (linear, nonlinear, or multiple) was clinically usable. The LLS weight is highly variable and is not predictable using simple anthropometric variables. When available, we propose that ultrasonographic estimation of the liver volume should be performed when a liver splitting is considered.
Relationship Between Different Concentrations of the Plasma Progesterone at the Time of FSH‐P Treatment and the Superovulatory Response in Holstein Dairy Heifers
Authors: Kafi M , McGowan MR 
Published: November 2011

ContentsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two different concentrations of plasma progesterone at the time of FSH‐P treatment on the superovulatory response in dairy heifers. Sixteen reproductively sound Holstein heifers (13–15 months of age) were used in this study. Superovulatory treatment was commenced at mid‐dioestrus (Day 10 ± 2 of the oestrous cycle) of the synchronized (using two injections of PGF2α, 11 days apart) oestrous cycles. Blood samples were collected on the day and the day after commencing FSH‐P treatment and at oestrus for plasma progesterone determination. Heifers were grouped based on two levels of plasma progesterone; Group low progesterone (LP; ranging from 2 to 4.5 ng /ml; n = 7) and Group high progesterone (HP; ≥4.6 ng /ml; n = 8) at the beginning of FSH‐P treatment (one heifer was excluded from the statistical analysis because of the abnormal progesterone level at oestrus). The superovulatory response in terms of mean numbers of palpable corpora lutea (ovulation rate) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in group LP than group HP. Ovulation rate was negatively correlated (r = −0.51) with the progesterone concentration at the time of commencing FSH‐P treatment (p < 0.05). Data suggest that varying concentrations of plasma progesterone at the time of FSH‐P treatment may have a different effect on the outcome of superovulatory response in dairy heifers.
Late Carboniferous – Middle Permian arc/forearc‐related basin in Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Insights from the petrology and geochemistry of the Shuangjing Schist in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: LI YILONG , ZHOU HANWEN , BROUWER FRAUKJE M. , XIAO WENJIAO , ZHONG ZENGQIU , WIJBRANS JAN R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Solonker Suture Zone is thought to record the terminal evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) in Inner Mongolia. However, two contrasting interpretations of the timing of suturing of the Solonker Suture Zone exist: (i) Permian to Early Triassic; and (ii) Middle Devonian or Late Devonian to Carboniferous. The Shuangjing Schist is exposed in the Linxi area along the Xar Moron Fault Zone, which marks the southern boundary of the Solonker Suture Zone in the eastern section of the CAOB, and thus provides insight into the timing of suturing of the Solonker Suture Zone. Detailed and systematic analysis of the petrology and geochemistry of the Shuangjing Schist shows that the Shuangjing Schist developed by greenschist facies prograde metamorphism of a volcanisedimentary rock series protolith. The volcanic parts of the Shuangjing Schist are a calc‐alkaline series with large volumes of intermediate members and subordinate acidic members. Volcanism occurred in a magmatic arc on the continental margin and was induced by subduction‐related magmatism resulting from mantle metasomatism. The sedimentary parts of the Shuangjing Schist reflect a transition from continental shelf to abyssal plain sedimentation. The formation of the Shuangjing Schist is suggested to be related to closure of an arc/forearc‐related ocean basin. The timing is constrained by a laser ablation inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP–MS) U–Pb magmatic zircon age of 298 ± 2 Ma from a carbonaceous biotite–plagioclase schist that was intruded by granite at 272 ± 2 Ma. In the Linxi area, southward subduction of the arc/forearc basin led to uplift, thickening, collapse, and erosion of the overriding continental crust. Collapse induced extension and widespread magmatism along the volcanic arc at the northern margin of the North China Craton. The closure of the arc/forearc‐related oceanic basin led to the formation of Late Permian to Middle Triassic collisional granites and the subsequent end of the collision of the Solonker Suture Zone.
Primary food reward and reward‐predictive stimuli evoke different patterns of phasic dopamine signaling throughout the striatum
Authors: Brown Holden D. , McCutcheon James E. , Cone Jackson J. , Ragozzino Michael E. , Roitman Mitchell F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPhasic changes in dopamine activity play a critical role in learning and goal‐directed behavior. Unpredicted reward and reward‐predictive cues evoke phasic increases in the firing rate of the majority of midbrain dopamine neurons – results that predict uniformly broadcast increases in dopamine concentration throughout the striatum. However, measurement of dopamine concentration changes during reward has cast doubt on this prediction. We systematically measured phasic changes in dopamine in four striatal subregions [nucleus accumbens shell and core (Core), dorsomedial (DMS) and dorsolateral striatum] in response to stimuli known to activate a majority of dopamine neurons. We used fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry in awake and behaving rats, which measures changes in dopamine on a similar timescale to the electrophysiological recordings that established a relationship between phasic dopamine activity and reward. Unlike the responses of midbrain dopamine neurons, unpredicted food reward and reward‐predictive cues evoked a phasic increase in dopamine that was subregion specific. In rats with limited experience, unpredicted food reward evoked an increase exclusively in the Core. In rats trained on a discriminative stimulus paradigm, both unpredicted reward and reward‐predictive cues evoked robust phasic dopamine in the Core and DMS. Thus, phasic dopamine release in select target structures is dynamic and dependent on context and experience. Because the four subregions assayed receive different inputs and have differential projection targets, the regional selectivity of phasic changes in dopamine has important implications for information flow through the striatum and plasticity that underlies learning and goal‐directed behavior.
Evolutionary systematics and biogeography of endemic gerbils (Rodentia, Muridae) from Morocco: an integrative approach
Authors: Ndiaye Arame , Bâ Khalilou , Aniskin Vladimir , Benazzou Touria , Chevret Pascale , Konečný Adam , Sembène Mbacké , Tatard Caroline , Kergoat Gael J. , Granjon Laurent 
Published: November 2011

Ndiaye, A., Bâ, K., Aniskin, V., Benazzou, T., Chevret, P., Konečný, A., Sembène, M., Tatard, C., Kergoat, G.J. & Granjon, L. (2011). Evolutionary systematics and biogeography of endemic gerbils (Rodentia, Muridae) from Morocco: an integrative approach. —Zoologica Scripta,41, 11–28.Gerbils of the genusGerbillusrepresent an important part of small mammal diversity in arid regions of North Africa, but their taxonomy and evolutionary systematics and biogeography are still poorly known. Based on the recent collection of a series of gerbils in southern Morocco, including at the type localities of three endemic species, we gathered morphological, chromosomal and molecular data on a number of specimens that we compared with other available results. These data provide new insights into the geographical distribution of the endemic species known to date and suggest that an additional and previously undetected species may exist within this area. Multivariate analyses of morphometrical skull data validated the criteria used in the description of some of these species, while confirming the morphological similarity of a set of medium to large‐sized species with hairy feet that can be considered sibling species. Karyotypes were useful for the specific assignation of a number of specimens. Molecular phylogenetics and divergence time estimates allow us to draw the first picture of the evolutionary relationships between endemicGerbillusspecies from Morocco and related species of North Africa, and to estimate their respective timing of diversification. Most of the lineage emergence events took place during the Pleistocene, a period characterised by a global aridification of North Africa, but more importantly by important climatic and eustatic variations that may have played a role in species differentiation and subsequent expansion. This integrative approach proved to be essential in such species group including morphologically similar species. It also enables to propose testable hypotheses as to possible scenarios of emergence and evolution of these species along the western margin of the Sahara desert.
Exploiting natural variation to uncover candidate genes that control element accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Conn Simon J. , Berninger Philipp , Broadley Martin R. , Gilliham Matthew 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe plant ionome varies both inter‐ and intraspecifically despite the highly conserved roles for particular elements across the plant kingdom. Element storage requires transport across the plasma membrane and commonly deposition within the central vacuole. Therefore, tonoplast transport characteristics can be highly influential in controlling the plant ionome. As a result, individual cell types of the same plant, each with unique transcriptomes and vacuolar proteomes, can display very different elemental profiles. Here we address the use of natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana for identifying genes involved in elemental accumulation. We present a conceptual framework, exploiting publicly available leaf ionomic and transcriptomic data across 31 Arabidopsis accessions, that promises to accelerate conventional forward genetics approaches for candidate gene discovery. Utilizing this framework, we identify numerous genes with documented roles in accumulation of calcium, magnesium and zinc and implicate additional candidate genes. Where appropriate, we discuss their role in cell‐specific elemental accumulation. Currently, this framework could represent an alternate approach for identifying genes suitable for element biofortification of plants. Integration of additional cell‐specific and whole‐plant ‘omics’ datasets across Arabidopsis accessions under diverse environmental conditions should enable this concept to be developed into a scalable and robust tool for linking genotype and phenotype.