bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An in vitro, short‐term culture method for mammalian haploid round spermatids amenable for molecular manipulation
Authors: Dehnugara Tushna , Dhar Surbhi , Rao M.R. Satyanarayana 
Published: September 2011

AbstractExtensive chromatin remodeling is a characteristic feature of mammalian spermiogenesis. To date, methods for the molecular manipulation of haploid spermatids are not available as there is a lack of a well‐established culture system. Biochemical experiments and knockout studies reveal only the final outcome; studying the incremental details of the intricate mechanisms involved is still a challenge. We have established an in vitro culture system for pure haploid round spermatids isolated from rat testes that can be maintained with good viability for up to 72 hr. Changes in cell morphology and flagellar growth were also studied in the cultured spermatids. Further, we have demonstrated that upon treatment of cells with specific histone deacetylase inhibitors, sodium butyrate and trichostatin A, there is an increase in the hyperacetylation status of histone H4, mimicking an important event characteristic of histone replacement process that occurs during later stages of spermiogenesis. We have also tried various methods for introducing DNA and protein into these round spermatids in culture, and report that while DNA transfection is still a challenging task, protein transfection could be achieved using Chariot™ peptide as a transfection reagent. Thus, the method described here sets a stage to study the molecular roles of spermatid‐specific proteins and chromatin remodelers in the cellular context. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79:19–30, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spinschaltung und intelligente Kontrastmittel in der MRT
Authors: Herges Rainer 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIsolierte Atome und Moleküle existieren in zwei magnetischen Zuständen: dia‐ und para magnetisch. Bis vor kurzem war magnetische Bistabilität auf Festkörper beschränkt und Einzelmoleküle ließen sich bei Raumtemperatur nicht zwischen diesen Zuständen hin und her schalten. Die Entwicklung des ligandgetriebenen Spinwechsels erlaubt nun auch das Spinschalten ohne kooperative Effekte. Neue Anwendungen wie schaltbare Kontrastmittel für die Kernspintomographie sind so möglich.
Phosphor in der Elektronik
Authors: Schmetterer Clemens , Ipser Herbert 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDen Verbraucher interessiert meist nur, dass ein elektronisches Gerät funktioniert, aber nicht wie. Gerade dies ist aber für die Hersteller von Bedeutung. Grundlagenforschung liefert dafür Basisdaten und zeigt, wie zum Beispiel Phosphor Materialeigenschaften beeinflusst.
Chemielehrer für die Zukunft
Authors: Bader Hans Joachim , Melle Insa 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNeue Erkenntnisse und das Problem, aus der riesigen Menge an Informationen die relevanten heraus zufiltern, machen lebenslanges Lernen notwendig. Im letzten Jahr haben etwa 8000 Lehrer die 480 Kurse der Chemielehrerfortbildungszentren besucht.
Ausstieg oder Einstieg?
Authors: Schneider Bernd W. , Kuschel Matthias 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObwohl das Transaktionsvolumen der chemischen Industrie im zweiten Quartal sank, zeigt der Trend nach oben. Dabei beteiligen sich wieder mehr Finanzinvestoren. Ein lohnendes Feld scheint zurzeit die Spezialchemie.
Long‐term non‐cancer mortality in pediatric and young adult cancer survivors in Finland
Authors: Prasad Pinki K. , Signorello Lisa B. , Friedman Debra L. , Boice John D. , Pukkala Eero 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundExcess late mortality has been reported among pediatric cancer survivors, but there is a need to further establish risk profiles for non‐cancer death and to examine cause‐specific mortality among survivors of young adult cancers.ProceduresIn a nationwide record linkage study in Finland, we identified 9,245 5‐year cancer survivors diagnosed before age 35 and treated between 1966 and 1999, and followed them for mortality endpoints from 1971 to 2008. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to compare the observed number of deaths with those expected in the general Finnish population. Primary endpoints included death from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases; death from malignant diseases was excluded.ResultsNon‐malignant disease mortality in the cohort was 90% higher (SMR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.7–2.2) than expected, with SMRs for circulatory and respiratory disease similarly elevated (SMR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.5–2.3 and SMR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3–3.8, respectively). Important differences were noted amongst patient subgroups, with risk greatest for survivors of central nervous system (CNS) cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The SMR's for circulatory disease were 6.6 (95% CI: 4.8–8.9) for HL and 4.8 (95% CI: 2.6–8.1) for NHL for the entire population; but these risks remained elevated for survivors diagnosed between 15 and 34 years of age.ConclusionsPrevious studies have shown that there is an elevated risk of non‐cancer mortality in childhood cancer survivors; this is one of the first studies that show an increase in cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in long‐term survivors of adolescent and young adult cancers. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 421–427. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retinoblastoma in Central America: Report from the Central American Association of Pediatric Hematology Oncology (AHOPCA)
Authors: Luna‐Fineman Sandra , Barnoya Margarita , Bonilla Miguel , Fu Ligia , Baez Fulgencio , Rodríguez‐Galindo Carlos 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundRetinoblastoma is highly curable in high income countries. Low income countries have poor results due to advanced disease and lack of resources. Central American Association of Pediatric Hematology Oncology (AHOPCA) aimed to standardize the approach and to improve outcomes of patients with retinoblastoma.ProcedureOne hundred seventy‐one patients, age <18 years newly diagnosed with retinoblastoma were treated according to laterality and stage. Therapeutic modalities were: surgery (enucleation), local control (laser therapy, cryotherapy), chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy consisted of vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin (6 cycles). Outcomes were measured by overall survival. Events were abandonment of therapy and death.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐one patients (129 unilateral, 42 bilateral) were treated. Median age was 2 years 4 months; 112 (66%) were diagnosed before 3 years of age. 119 (92%) eyes in patients with unilateral disease were Reese–Ellsworth IV or V versus 52 (62%) eyes in patients with bilateral disease. Extraocular disease was more prevalent in unilateral disease (65% vs. 50%). Older age at diagnosis correlated with higher stage. Estimated overall survival at 60 months was 0.48 ± 0.04. Outcome of patients with bilateral disease was significantly better than unilateral (62% ± 0.09 vs. 42% ± 0.05, P = 0.0006). Thirty‐eight patients (22%) refused or abandoned therapy.ConclusionsProtocol‐directed therapy for retinoblastoma in Central America is possible. Patients present with advanced disease and outcome is significantly worse than in middle and high‐income countries. Refusal and abandonment of therapy are societal events that affect outcome. Initiatives aimed at improving early diagnosis, while dedicated treatment centers are developed, are critical. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 545–550. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pilot study of the effect of romiplostim on child health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and parental burden in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Authors: Klaassen Robert J. , Mathias Susan D. , Buchanan George , Bussel James , Deuson Robert , Young Nancy L. , Collier Anderson , Bomgaars Lisa , Blanchette Victor 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundChildhood ITP can have a negative impact on the child and his/her family even though it is typically a benign disorder with low risk of serious bleeding. In adults and now children, romiplostim increases the platelet count without significant adverse effects. In this study, the impact of romiplostim treatment on the HRQoL of children with chronic ITP was assessed using the Kid's ITP Tools (KIT).ProcedureSubjects 1–18 years old, with chronic ITP (>6 months), were enrolled in a multi‐center, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 1/2 treatment study with romiplostim (reported elsewhere). Subjects and/or proxies completed the KIT at baseline, week 5, and week 13. Scores were computed for child self‐report (children >7 years), proxy‐report, and parent impact. Changes in mean scores from baseline to week 13 were computed.ResultsTwenty‐two children (17 receiving romiplostim, 5 placebo) and/or their parents provided data. Change in mean scores demonstrated significant improvement in HRQoL for romiplostim versus placebo for parent impact (24 ± 17 vs. −6 ± 8; P = 0.008). Change scores for child self‐report trended toward improvement with romiplostim and decreased with placebo (5 ± 10 vs. −7 ± 17; P = 0.29). Romiplostim proxy‐report mean change scores were 6 points higher than placebo (8 ± 16 vs. 2 ± 12; P = 0.50).ConclusionsRomiplostim significantly reduced parental burden in this study. Whether the same and/or additional improvements in HRQoL would be demonstrated by a larger, longer study of romiplostim‐treated children with ITP remains to be determined. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 395–398. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase 2 clinical trial of intrathecal topotecan in children with refractory leptomeningeal leukemia: A Children's Oncology Group trial (P9962)
Authors: Potter Samara L. Poplack , Berg Stacey , Ingle Ashish Mark , Krailo Mark , Adamson Peter C. , Blaney Susan M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurposeWe performed a phase 2 study in children with recurrent or refractory leptomeningeal leukemia to determine the objective response rate after treatment with intrathecal (IT) topotecan.Patients and MethodsPatients received age‐adjusted IT topotecan (0.4 mg/dose for patients >3 years of age) administered twice weekly (every 3–4 days) for 6 weeks during induction, weekly for 4 weeks during consolidation, and twice monthly for 4 months and then monthly thereafter during maintenance.ResultsTwenty‐two patients enrolled in the study, of whom 20 were eligible and assessable for toxicity and 16 were assessable for response. Of 16 patients, 6 (38%) had a complete response, 8 (50%) had stable disease, and 2 (13%) had progressive disease. The median event‐free survival time (95% CI) was 3.1 (1.6–10.3) months and the median overall survival time (95% CI) was 18.0 (7.3–38.3) months. Eight patients (40%) experienced grade 3 or 4 adverse events. There were no grade 4 neurological events (Table III). Four patients experienced a total of 6 grade 3 neurological events including an olfactory seizure, a headache, transient grade 3 speech impairment, muscle weakness, motor neuropathy, and ataxia. Headache was the most common grade ≤2 neurologic event and two patients developed grade ≤2 arachnoiditis.ConclusionIT administration of topotecan was tolerable on this dose and schedule. The majority of adverse events were mild to moderate, reversible side effects. Complete central nervous system remissions were achieved in a subset of children with recurrent or refractory central nervous system leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 362–365. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Real‐time monitoring and parameter estimation of the emulsion polymerization of carboxylated styrene/butadiene latexes
Authors: Soares Matheus , Machado Fabricio , Guimarães Alessandro , Amaral Marcelo M. , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis work presents a mathematical model for semibatch carboxylated styrene/butadiene (XSBR) emulsion polymerizations, intended for the online and real‐time data reconciliation and monitoring of the polymerization reactor. Proposed procedures assume that some parameters must be estimated in real time, for accommodation of the unavoidable fluctuations of industrial operation conditions. Pressure, temperature, and feed rate profiles are used for parameter estimation, allowing for real‐time prediction of important properties of XSBR latexes, including monomer conversions, solids contents, and copolymer compositions. The proposed scheme was validated with actual data obtained in Pilot‐plant and full‐scale reactors. In all cases, estimated n values ranged from 0.1 to 1.7, which agree with results reported previously. As observed at plant, heat transfer coefficients can change from batch‐to‐batch and experience large changes during the batch due to modification of the reactor volume and accumulation of polymer material on the heat transfer areas. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Gel‐free proteomic identification of the Bacillus subtilis insoluble spore coat protein fraction
Authors: Abhyankar Wishwas , Beek Alex Ter , Dekker Henk , Kort Remco , Brul Stanley , de Koster Chris G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSpecies from the genus Bacillus have the ability to form endospores, dormant cellular forms that are able to survive heat and acid preservation techniques commonly used in the food industry. Resistance characteristics of spores towards various environmental stresses are in part attributed to their coat proteins. Previously, 70 proteins have been assigned to the spore coat of Bacillus subtilis using SDS‐PAGE, 2‐DE gel approaches, protein localization studies and genome‐wide transcriptome studies. Here, we present a “gel‐free” protocol that is capable of comprehensive B. subtilis spore coat protein extraction and addresses the insoluble coat fraction. Using LC‐MS/MS we identified 55 proteins from the insoluble B. subtilis spore coat protein fraction, of which 21 are putative novel spore coat proteins not assigned to the spore coat until now. Identification of spore coat proteins from a B. subtilis food‐spoilage isolate corroborated a generic and “applied” use of our protocol. To develop specific and sensitive spore detection and/or purification systems from food stuff or patient material, suitable protein targets can be derived from our proteomic approach. Finally, the protocol can be extended to study cross‐linking among the spore coat proteins as well as for their quantification.
Increased expression of peroxiredoxin 1 and identification of a novel lipid‐metabolizing enzyme in the early phase of liver ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Wilson Claire H. , Zeile Susanne , Chataway Tim , Nieuwenhuijs Vincent B. , Padbury Robert T. A. , Barritt Greg J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWarm ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury of the liver is associated with changes in the expression and/or post‐translational modification of numerous proteins. Only a few of these have been identified. We used 2‐D DIGE to identify cytosolic proteins altered in the early stage of IR in an established rat model of segmental hepatic ischemia. Proteins in 18 abundant spots altered by IR were identified by LC‐MS/MS and Western blot. Many identified proteins were enzymes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Isoamyl acetate‐hydrolysing esterase 1 homolog, not previously characterized in liver, was also identified. A threefold increase in peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) and its oxidized forms was observed as was an increase in Prx1 mRNA. Peroxiredoxins and their overoxidation have previously been associated with IR. In contrast to other studies, we did not detect typical overoxidation of Prx1 on the peroxidatic cysteine (Cys52). Instead, we identified novel overoxidation of the resolving cysteine (Cys173) residue by LC‐MS/MS. Our results show that a rapid increase in Prx1 expression is associated with the early phase of IR of the liver, likely contributing to mechanisms that protect the liver against IR damage. Additionally, we have revealed a potential role in liver for a novel lipid‐metabolizing enzyme.
A third of the yeast mitochondrial proteome is dual localized: A question of evolution
Authors: Ben‐Menachem Reut , Tal Merav , Shadur Tanya , Pines Ophry 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThere are a growing number of examples of identical or almost identical proteins, which are localized to two (or more) separate compartments, a phenomenon that is termed protein dual localization, dual distribution or dual targeting. We previously divided a reference set of known yeast mitochondrial proteins into two groups, suggested to be dual localized or exclusive mitochondrial proteins. Here we examined this evaluation by screening 320 mitochondrial gene products for dual targeting, using the α‐complementation assay. The analysis of the results of this experimentally independent screen supports our previous evaluation that dual localized mitochondrial proteins constitute a subgroup of mitochondrial proteins with distinctive properties. These proteins are characterized by a lower probability of mitochondrial localization (MitoProtII score), a lower net charge and are enriched for proteins with a weaker mitochondrial targeting sequence. Conversely, mRNAs of exclusive mitochondrial proteins are enriched in polysomes associated with mitochondria. Based on the discovery of more than 60 new gene products that are now assumed to be dual targeted, we have updated an annotation list of dual‐targeted proteins. We currently estimate that more than a third of the mitochondrial proteome is dual targeted, and suggest that this abundant dual targeting presents an evolutionary advantage.
Light‐driven and aggregation‐induced emission from side‐chain azoindazole polymers
Authors: Li Ying , Zhou Nianchen , Zhang Wei , Zhang Feng , Zhu Jian , Zhang Zhengbiao , Cheng Zhenping , Tu Yingfeng , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe well‐defined azoindazole‐containing homopolymer, poly(6‐{6‐[(4‐dimethylamino) phenylazo]‐indazole}‐hexyl methacrylate) (PDHMA), and amphiphilic diblock copolymer, poly({6‐[6‐(4‐dimethylamino)phenylazo]‐indazole}‐hexyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate) (PDHMAm‐b‐PDMAEMAn), were successfully prepared via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization technique. The homopolymer and amphiphilic diblock copolymer in CH2Cl2 exhibited intense fluorescence emission accompanied by trans–cis photoisomerization of azoindazole group under UV irradiation. The experiment results indicated that the intense fluorescence emission may be attributed to an inhibition of photoinduced electron transfer of the cis form of azoindazole. On the other hand, the intense fluorescence emission of amphiphilic diblock copolymers in water‐tetrahydrofuran mixture was observed, which increased with the volume ratio of water in the mixed solvent. The self‐aggregation behaviors of three amphiphilic diblock copolymers were examined by transmission electron microscopy, laser light scattering, and UV–vis spectra. The restriction of intramolecular rotation of the azoindazole groups in aggregates was considered as the main cause of aggregation‐induced fluorescence emission. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.
Photovoltaic response to structural modifications on a series of conjugated polymers based on 2‐aryl‐2H‐benzotriazoles
Authors: Pasker Felix M. , Klein Michael F. G. , Sanyal Monamie , Barrena Esther , Lemmer Uli , Colsmann Alexander , Höger Sigurd 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization, and photovoltaic properties of a series of four conjugated polymers containing 2‐aryl‐2H‐benzotriazoles and “bis(thiopheno)dialkylfluorenes” is described. The polymers were obtained via Suzuki‐polycondensation and comprise alternating electron rich and electron poor building blocks. The impact of systematic structural changes on the electronic and morphological properties and device efficiencies were studied. Application of these polymers as light‐harvesting and electron‐donating materials in organic solar cells using PCBM derivatives as electron accepting materials resulted in power conversion efficiencies up to 1.8%. Both the properties of the pristine polymers and the device performance show that the impact of the substitution farther‐off the backbone is negligible while substitution directly on the backbone has a major impact. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.
Formation of triblock copolymers via a tandem enhanced spin capturing—nitroxide‐mediated polymerization reaction sequence
Authors: Junker Tanja , Zang Lin , Wong Edgar H.H. , Dingenouts Nico , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe preparation of ABA‐type block copolymers via tandem enhanced spin capturing polymerization (ESCP) and nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) processes is explored in‐depth. Midchain alkoxyamine functional polystyrenes (Mn = 6200, 12,500 and 19,900 g mol−1) were chain extended with styrene as well as tert‐butyl acrylate at elevated temperature NMP conditions (T = 110 °C) generating a tandem ESCP‐NMP sequence. Although the chain extensions and thus the block copolymer formation processes function well (yielding in the case of the chain extension with styrene number average molecular weights of up to 20,800 g mol−1 (PDI = 1.22) when the 6200 g mol−1 precursor is used and up to 67,500 g mol−1 (PDI = 1.36) when the 19,900 g mol−1 precursor is used and 21,600 g mol−1 (PDI = 1.17) as well as 37,100 g mol−1 (PDI = 1.21) for the tert‐butyl acrylate chain extensions for the 6200 and 12,500 g mol−1 precursors, respectively), it is also evident that the efficiency of the block copolymer formation process decreases with an increasing chain length of the ESCP precursor macromolecules (i.e., for the 19,900 g mol−1 ESCP precursor no efficient chain extension with tert‐butyl acrylate can be observed). For the polystyrene‐block‐tert‐butyl acrylate‐block‐polystyrene polymers, the molecular weights were determined via triple detection SEC using light scattering and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.
Use of psychotropic medications by US cancer survivors
Authors: Punekar Rajeshwari S. , Short Pamela Farley , Moran John R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to describe national utilization of psychotropic medications by adult cancer survivors in the USA and to estimate the extra use of psychotropic medications that is attributable to cancer survivorship.MethodsPrescription data for 2001–2006 from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) were linked to the data identifying cancer survivors from the National Health Interview Survey, the MEPS sampling frame. The sample was limited to adults 25 years of age and older. Propensity score matching was used to estimate the effects of cancer survivorship on utilization of psychotropic medications by comparing cancer survivors and other adults in MEPS. Utilization was measured as any use during a calendar year and the number of prescriptions purchased (including refills). Analyses were stratified by gender and age, distinguishing adults younger than 65 years from those 65 years and older.ResultsNineteen percent of cancer survivors under age 65 years and 16% of survivors age 65 years and older used psychotropic medications. Sixteen percent of younger survivors used antidepressants, 7% used antianxiety medications. For older survivors, utilization rates for these two drug types were 11% and 7%, respectively. The increase in any use attributable to cancer amounted to 4–5 percentage points for younger survivors (p < 0.05) and 2–3 percentage points for older survivors (p < 0.05), depending on gender.ConclusionIncreased use of psychotropic medications by cancer survivors, compared with other adults, suggests that survivorship presents ongoing psychological challenges. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.