bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance Computed Tomography Imaging and Detection of Relapse in Intermediate- and Advanced-Stage Pediatric Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Voss Stephan D. , Chen Lu , Constine Louis S. , Chauvenet Allen , Fitzgerald Thomas J. , Kaste Sue C. , Slovis Thomas , Schwartz Cindy L. 
Published: June 2012

Purpose Children with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) routinely undergo surveillance computed tomography (CT) imaging for up to 5 years after therapy, resulting in cost and radiation exposure, without clear benefit. The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of surveillance CT, as compared with clinical findings, to detection of disease recurrence. Patients and Methods Two hundred sixteen patients, age ≤ 21 years old, were treated on the multicenter Pediatric Oncology Group 9425 trial. Data for patients who experienced relapse were retrospectively reviewed to determine whether imaging or clinical events prompted suspicion of disease recurrence. Correlation was made to disease stage, time to recurrence, relapse site, and overall survival (OS). Results With a median follow-up time of 7.4 years, 25 (11.6%) of 216 patients had experienced a relapse, of whom 23 experienced local relapse. Median time to relapse was 7.6 months (range, 0.2 to 48.9 months). Nineteen relapses (76%) were detected based on symptoms, laboratory or physical examination findings, and two relapses (8%) were detected by imaging within the first year after therapy. Only four patients (16%) had their recurrence detected exclusively by surveillance imaging after the first year. Six deaths occurred, all in patients who experienced relapse within the first year after therapy. No patient with a recurrence after 1 year off treatment has died, regardless of how the recurrence was detected. Conclusion The majority of pediatric HL relapses occurred within the first year after therapy or were detected based on change in clinical status. Detecting late relapse, whether by imaging or clinical change, did not affect OS. These findings indicate that CT is overused for routine surveillance of patients with HL.
Integrated Personal Health Record Use: Association With Parent-Reported Care Experiences
Authors: Tom Jeffrey O. , Mangione-Smith Rita , Solomon Cam , Grossman David C. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To examine integrated personal health record (PHR) use patterns among parents of children with chronic disease and compare ratings of care experiences between integrated PHR users and nonusers.

METHODS:
A survey was mailed to 600 randomly selected parents of children with chronic disease ≤5 years old and enrolled at Group Health for ≥1 year. Respondents reported integrated PHR use in the past 12 months, types of services used, or reasons for nonuse. We measured parent ratings of care experiences by using Consumer Assessments of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) composite measures: Attention to Growth and Development, Attention to Safety and Health, Getting Care Quickly, Getting Needed Care, Prescription Medications, and Care Coordination. We used multivariate logistic regression to test the association between integrated PHR use and each CAHPS composite measure dichotomized by using the top box score method.

RESULTS:
Of 256 respondents (43% eligible response rate), 166 (65%) were integrated PHR users and 90 (35%) were nonusers. The top integrated PHR services used were viewing immunization records, viewing medical records, secured messaging, and scheduling appointments. The top reasons for not using the integrated PHR were “too busy,” “forgot login/password,” and “my child does not have health care needs.” Adjusted logistic regression did not reveal any significant differences between users and nonusers.

CONCLUSIONS:
Parents of children with chronic disease appear willing to use an integrated PHR to address health care needs for their child. Integrated PHR use was not associated with higher scores on CAHPS composite measures in this health plan.
Cycled Light Exposure Reduces Fussing and Crying in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Guyer Caroline , Huber Reto , Fontijn Jehudith , Bucher Hans Ulrich , Nicolai Heide , Werner Helene , Molinari Luciano , Latal Beatrice , Jenni Oskar G. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:To examine whether cycled lighting (CL) conditions during neonatal care in very preterm infants (&lt;32 weeks’ gestational age [GA]) decrease crying and fussing behavior, improve the consolidation of sleep, and influence activity behavior at 5 and 11 weeks’ postterm corrected age (CA) compared with preterm infants cared for in dim lighting (DL) conditions.METHODS:Thirty-seven preterm infants were randomly assigned to CL (7 am–7 pm lights on, 7 pm–7 am lights off [n = 17; mean GA: 30.6 ± 0.95 weeks; 9 girls]) or DL (lights off whenever the child is asleep [n = 20; GA: 29.5 ± 2.1 weeks; 8 girls]) conditions. Sleeping, crying, and activity behavior was recorded by using parental diaries and actigraphy at 5 and 11 weeks’ CA.RESULTS:A significant reduction of fussing (59.4 minutes/24 hours [±25.8 minutes]) and crying (31.2 minutes/24 hours [±14.4 minutes]) behavior and a trend to higher motor activity during daytime was found in CL-exposed infants at 5 and 11 weeks’ CA compared with infants cared for in DL conditions. No significant difference between groups was observed for sleep behavior at 5 and 11 weeks’ CA. Infants in CL conditions showed a trend to improved daily weight gain (average: 3.6 g/d) during neonatal care compared with DL conditions.CONCLUSIONS:CL conditions in neonatal care have beneficial effects on infant’s fussing and crying behavior and growth in the first weeks of life. This study supports the introduction of CL care in clinical neonatal practice.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents
Authors: Gopinath Bamini , Hardy Louise L. , Baur Louise A. , Burlutsky George , Mitchell Paul 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Our goal was to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviors (television viewing, computer and video-game usage, and reading) with health-related QoL.

METHODS:
Of 2353 children surveyed (median age: 12.7 years), 1216 were resurveyed 5 years later, and 475 were newly recruited into the study (N = 1691). Children completed detailed activity questionnaires. Health-related QoL was assessed by using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL).

RESULTS:
Cross-sectionally, after multivariable adjustment, adolescents in the highest versus lowest tertile of time spent in outdoor physical activity and television viewing had a higher (Ptrend = .001) and lower (Ptrend = .0003) total PedsQL score, respectively. Adolescents who remained in the highest tertiles compared with those in the lowest tertiles of total physical activity over the 5 years had significantly higher scores in the following areas: total (Ptrend = .04), physical summary (Ptrend = .0001), and social (Ptrend = .02) domains. Conversely, those in the highest versus lowest tertile of screen-viewing time during follow-up reported significantly lower values in the following areas: total score (6.34-unit difference), physical summary (4.86-unit difference), psychosocial summary (7.09-unit difference), and emotional (8.33-unit difference) and school (9.78-unit difference) domains.

CONCLUSIONS:
Regular physical activity over the long-term was associated with higher perceived health-related QoL among adolescents. Conversely, lower PedsQL scores were observed among those who spent the most time in screen-viewing activities. Improved understanding of these relationships could help in developing interventions to promote general well-being among adolescents.
Outcome Trajectories in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Carlo Waldemar A. , Tyson Jon E. , Langer John C. , Walsh Michele C. , Parikh Nehal A. , Das Abhik , Van Meurs Krisa P. , Shankaran Seetha , Stoll Barbara J. , Higgins Rosemary D. ,   for the Generic Database,   Follow-Up Subcommittees of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Methods are required to predict prognosis with changes in clinical course. Death or neurodevelopmental impairment in extremely premature neonates can be predicted at birth/admission to the ICU by considering gender, antenatal steroids, multiple birth, birth weight, and gestational age. Predictions may be improved by using additional information available later during the clinical course. Our objective was to develop serial predictions of outcome by using prognostic factors available over the course of NICU hospitalization.

METHODS:
Data on infants with birth weight ≤1.0 kg admitted to 18 large academic tertiary NICUs during 1998–2005 were used to develop multivariable regression models following stepwise variable selection. Models were developed by using all survivors at specific times during hospitalization (in delivery room [n = 8713], 7-day [n = 6996], 28-day [n = 6241], and 36-week postmenstrual age [n = 5118]) to predict death or death/neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months.

RESULTS:
Prediction of death or neurodevelopmental impairment in extremely premature infants is improved by using information available later during the clinical course. The importance of birth weight declines, whereas the importance of respiratory illness severity increases with advancing postnatal age. The c-statistic in validation models ranged from 0.74 to 0.80 with misclassification rates ranging from 0.28 to 0.30.

CONCLUSIONS:
Dynamic models of the changing probability of individual outcome can improve outcome predictions in preterm infants. Various current and future scenarios can be modeled by input of different clinical possibilities to develop individual “outcome trajectories” and evaluate impact of possible morbidities on outcome.
Maternal Cigarette Smoking and the Development of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Downard Cynthia D. , Grant Stephanie N. , Maki Alexandra C. , Krupski Mary C. , Matheson Paul J. , Bendon Robert W. , Fallat Mary E. , Garrison R. Neal 
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND:The maternal variables that affect fetal development and correlate with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the most common gastrointestinal emergency in premature infants, are not well defined. We hypothesized that maternal risk factors were the primary determinant of future development of NEC.METHODS:Patients with NEC were identified from an established NICU database and were control-matched with 2 neonates treated at the same institution. The medical records of each patient during the NICU admission as well as the prenatal and delivery record of the patient’s mother were reviewed. Perinatal data, including maternal smoking, maternal hypertension, maternal BMI, maternal gestational diabetes, conduct of labor and type of delivery, Apgar scores, types of feedings, and placental pathology, were examined, with P &lt; .05 deemed significant.RESULTS:A total of 73 neonates diagnosed with NEC and 146 matched controls were identified. Medical records for each subject and their mothers were reviewed (438 records total). Maternal cigarette smoking was significantly associated with the future development of NEC (P = .02). Maternal gestational diabetes, maternal hypertension, formula feeding, and pathologic chorioamnionitis or uteroplacental insufficiency did not correlate with NEC.CONCLUSIONS:These data identified maternal cigarette smoking as the only risk factor that is associated with the development of NEC in premature infants. Our data imply that smoking delivers toxins and nicotine to the uterine microenvironment that can affect microvascular development and may predispose the fetus to future NEC.
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety in Patients with Terminal Cancer
Authors: Greer Joseph A. , Traeger Lara , Bemis Heather , Solis Jessica , Hendriksen Ellen S. , Park Elyse R. , Pirl William F. , Temel Jennifer S. , Prigerson Holly G. , Safren Steven A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Explain the current state of evidence-based treatment for anxiety in patients with cancer and the need for tailored intervention, especially for those with terminal cancer.Discuss and utilize methods for increasing access to psychosocial intervention for patients with cancer who suffer significant physical and psychological morbidity.Describe the effect of a brief cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention tailored to the needs of patients with terminal cancer and comorbid anxiety symptoms.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Introduction.
Patients with terminal cancer often experience marked anxiety that is associated with poor quality of life. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based treatment for anxiety disorders, the approach needs to be adapted to address realistic concerns related to having cancer, such as worries about disease progression, disability, and death. In this pilot randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00706290), we examined the feasibility and potential efficacy of brief CBT to reduce anxiety in patients with terminal cancer.

Methods.
We adapted CBT by developing treatment modules targeting skills for relaxation, coping with cancer worries, and activity pacing. Adults with incurable malignancies and elevated anxiety based on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were randomly assigned to individual CBT or a waitlist control group. Primary outcomes included the number of completed CBT visits and the change in HAM-A scores from baseline to 8-week follow-up per a treatment-blind evaluator. The feasibility criterion was 75% adherence to the intervention.

Results.
We randomized 40 patients with terminal cancers to CBT (n = 20) or waitlist control (n = 20) groups; 70% completed posttreatment assessments. Most patients who received CBT (80%) participated in at least five of the required six therapy sessions. Analysis of covariance models, adjusted for baseline scores, showed that those assigned to CBT had greater improvements in HAM-A scores compared to the control group, with an adjusted mean difference of –5.41 (95% confidence interval: –10.78 to –0.04) and a large effect size for the intervention (Cohen's d = 0.80).

Conclusion.
Providing brief CBT tailored to the concerns of patients with terminal cancer was not only feasible but also led to significant improvements in anxiety.
Integrating Public Health–Oriented E-Learning Into Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Hemans-Henry Calaine , Greene Carolyn M. , Koppaka Ram 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. In fall 2008, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene collaborated with Albert Einstein College of Medicine residency program directors to assess the effectiveness of an e-learning course on accurate death certificate completion among resident physicians. Methods. We invited postgraduate year 1 and 2 (PGY1 and PGY2) residents (n = 227) to participate and administered a pretest, e-learning module, posttest, and course evaluation to PGY1 residents; PGY2 residents completed a pretest and survey only. Results. In all, 142 residents (63%) participated. The average pretest scores for PGY2 residents (61%) and PGY1 residents (59%) were not significantly different. The PGY1 residents’ average test score increased significantly after taking the e-learning module (59% vs 72%; P < .01). The participants rated course length, delivery method, and utility highly. Conclusions. Results suggest that e-learning can effectively integrate public health–oriented training into clinical residency programs.
Effect on Non-condensable Gas on Solvent-Aided SAGD Processes
Authors: Ardali M. , Barrufet M. , Mamora D. D. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is the preferred in-situ technology to recover heavy oil and bitumen from Canadian reservoirs. It is commercially proven, delivers high oil rates and high ultimate recoveries. Given the large energy requirement and the volume of emitted greenhouse gases from SAGD process, there is a strong motivation to develop enhanced oil recovery processes with lower energy and emission intensities. Addition of suitable alkane solvents to steam in processes such as ES-SAGD can reduce the use of energy and green-house emissions in SAGD. Potential hydrocarbon additives provide an additional means to raise oil phase mobility beyond that achieved by heat.
The Athabasca reservoir contains small amounts of initial solution gas which is negligible compared to conventional oil reservoirs, however, even small amounts of solution gas might play an important role in thermal processes driven by gravity drainage. In majority of experimental and simulation study of Solvent-Assisted SAGD processes carried out, initial solution gas is not included.
In this study, extensive simulation study is performed to understand the mechanism of solvent addition to SAGD process when initial solution gas is present. Simulation results show that initial solution gas reduces the oil recovery by SAGD process especially in Athabasca reservoir. A varying thickness non-condensable gas layer impedes heat transfer from the condensing steam to the bitumen zone. Hydrocarbon additives are not very effective in the presence of high initial solution gas ratio. Exsolved solution gas causes early condensation of steam and additives. As a result, hydrocarbon additives have diminished opportunities to contact bitumen and are unable to create a high oil phase mobility zone.
In addition, a number of simulations are conducted to understand the role of operating pressure and pressure imbalance between SAGD well pairs. The difference between the operating pressure of adjacent SAGD well-pairs can be used to remove accumulated solution gas from the steam chamber.
A Review on Thermal Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery from Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Ghoodjani Eshragh , Kharrat Riyaz , Vossoughi Manouchehr , Bolouri Seyed Hamed 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Heavy oil in Middle East fractured carbonate reservoirs account for 25–30% of the total oil in place in the region. Production of heavy oil from such reservoirs is thought to play an important role in the future of the ever-growing world’s energy consumption in which Iran’s recoverable heavy oil is more than 85 billion barrels. The offshore Ferdows field in Iran is reportedly on the order of 30 billion barrels of oil and holds perhaps the greatest promise to add significant future carbonate heavy oil production within the region.
With depletion of conventional petroleum reserves and increase of hydrocarbon fuel demand, there is no doubt that there will be a tremendous demand on the development of heavy oil reservoirs in the coming decades. Despite its strategic importance, recovery of heavy crude from fractured carbonate reservoirs has found limited applications due to the complexity of such reservoirs. As most of the oil is stored in matrix due to its higher storage capacity than fracture network, reservoir development plans will aim at maximizing the matrix oil recovery. For reservoirs with high recovery factor, minimizing matrix residual oil saturation is a critical issue to extend the life of the reservoir. For reservoirs with low recovery factor, accelerating the production rate is more vital. For each of these reservoir types, different Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods should be considered and implemented accordingly.
In this study, a comprehensive review is conducted to figure out the feasibility of heavy oil recovery from fractured carbonate reservoirs by use of Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS), Steam injection, In-Situ Combustion (ISC), Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), Vapor Extraction (VAPEX) and Expanding Solvent-Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (ES-SAGD).
Preparation and Performance of Environment-friendly Nanoemulsion with Antiscaling
Authors: Luo Mingliang , Sun Houtai , Jia Zilong , Wen Qingzhi , Liao Lejun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFormation scale may be resulted in permeability decrease greatly, especially in low or ultra-low permeability reservoirs. A nanoemulsion with very small particle size, ultra-low interfacial tension and highly penetration possesses good properties in formation antiscaling. The antiscaling ingredient is slowly released from the nanoemulsion, which prolongs the effect time of antiscaling. The colloidal particles are able to quickly and effectively reach the target layer because their sizes are smaller than the rock pore throats. Nanoemulsions also dissolve or disperse big liquid droplets and organic impurities, which may regain rock permeability. In the work, with a green surfactant fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate (MES) and a biodiesel fuel, the optimal formation conditions of MES middle phase microemulsion were obtained by the orthogonal design experiments as follows: CMES = 10.0~12.0g/mL, Cn-butanol=12.0g/mL, CNaCl=6.0g/mL; The effects of concentrations of NaCl and n-butanol, and the type of alcohols on the microemulsion phase behavior, the optimal salinity (S*) and the length of salinity (ΔS) were investigated.An antiscaling nanoemulsion was prepared by three kinds of antiscaling ingredients FG-1, FG-2 and FG-3 dissolved in water phase. The antiscaling rates of two nanoemulsions with antiscaling ingredients FG-1 and FG-2 are 90.1% and 89.6%, respectively. There are no flocculates contacting with the formation water. The nanoemulsion with FG-2 possesses good adsorption, slow desorption rate and good antiscaling performance under high salinity. Compared to the present scale inhibitors, the antiscaling rate of nanoemulsion has a peak value, which greatly increases the useful effect time of scale inhibitor, and improves the anti-scaling effect and repairs permeability of rock. There is a good prospect for controlling the formation damage in low or ultra-low permeability reservoirs and water-sensitive formation.
Modeling and Simulation of Nanoparticles Transport in a Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media
Authors: El-Amin M. F. , Salama A.. , Sun S.. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In the current paper, a mathematical model to describe the nanoparticles transport carried by a two-phase flow in a porous medium is presented. Both capillary forces as well as Brownian diffusion are considered in the model. A numerical example of countercurrent water-oil imbibition is considered. We monitor the changing of the fluid and solid properties due to the addition of the nanoparticles using numerical experiments. Variation of water saturation, nanoparticles concentration and porosity ratio are investigated.