bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational Therapy Activities and Intervention Techniques for Clients With Stroke in Six Rehabilitation Hospitals
Authors: Latham Nancy K. , Jette Diane U. , Coster Wendy , Richards Lorie , Smout Randall J. , James Roberta A. , Gassaway Julie , Horn Susan D. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To prospectively monitor occupational therapy activities and intervention techniques used during inpatient stroke rehabilitation in order to provide a description of current clinical practice.
METHODS. Data were collected prospectively from 954 clients with stroke receiving occupational therapy from six U.S. rehabilitation hospitals. Descriptive statistics summarized frequency, intensity, and duration of occupational therapy sessions; proportion of time spent in 16 therapeutic activities; and proportion of those activities that included any of 31 interventions.
RESULTS. Clients received on average 11.8 days (SD = 7.2) of occupational therapy, with each session lasting on average 39.4 min (SD = 16.9). Upper-extremity control (22.9% of treatment time) and dressing (14.2% of treatment time) were the most frequently provided activities. Interventions provided most frequently during upper-extremity control activities were strengthening, motor learning, and postural awareness.
CONCLUSION. Occupational therapy provided reflected an integration of treatment approaches. Upper-extremity control and basic activities of daily living were the most frequent activities. A small proportion of sessions addressed community integration.
The Use of Occupation-Based Treatment With a Person Who Has Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis: A Case Report
Authors: Earley Donald , Shannon Marcia 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This article describes a case report of the occupational therapy management of a 53-year-old woman diagnosed with primary shoulder adhesive capsulitis. The occupation-based interventions are described through the framework of occupation-as-means. Compensatory occupation, preparatory methods, and purposeful activities are demonstrated as being critical to minimizing connective tissue deformation associated with this condition. This case report indicates that occupation-based intervention should be initiated as soon as a diagnosis is identified to prevent the downward spiral of forced disuse associated with the affected upper extremity. As illustrated by the case report, occupation-based treatment that was provided in a timely manner immediately decreased pain, improved range and quality of motion, and enhanced occupational performance.
The Use of Automated Prompting to Facilitate Handwashing in Persons With Dementia
Authors: Labelle Katrinka-Lee , Mihailidis Alex 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
As the number of people living with dementia increases, occupational therapists are challenged with finding innovative, evidence-based ways to enable daily occupations. The use of computer technology is explored in this study as one potential intervention for this population. An automated prompting system was modified to provide both verbal and audiovisual prompts, and 8 participants with Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) scores as low as 3/30 were followed over 60 trials to determine which prompting method was more effective in reducing caregiver interactions. Overall, the participants were able to complete more steps with the assistance of either automated prompt and required fewer caregiver interactions. Audiovisual prompting significantly reduced the number of caregiver interactions required. These results lend further support to the use of an automated prompting system but suggest that there are individual factors influencing the efficacy of the prompting mode, for which occupational therapists are well suited to assess and monitor.
Handwriting Difficulties in Primary School Children: A Search for Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Volman M. J. M. , van Schendel Brecht M. , Jongmans Marian J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study investigated the contribution of perceptual-motor dysfunction and cognitive planning problems to the quality or speed of handwriting in children with handwriting problems (HWP).
METHOD. Twenty-nine children with HWP and 20 classroom peers attending regular schools (grade 2 and grade 3) were tested with regard to visual perception, visual-motor integration, fine motor coordination, and cognitive planning abilities.
RESULTS. The HWP group scored significantly lower on visual perception, visual-motor integration, fine motor coordination, and cognitive planning in comparison with classroom controls. Regression analyses showed that visual-motor integration was the only significant predictor for quality of handwriting in the HWP group, whereas fine motor coordination (i.e., unimanual dexterity) was the only significant predictor of quality of handwriting in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS. Results suggest that two different mechanisms underlie the quality of handwriting in children with and without handwriting problems. Poor quality of handwriting of children with HWP seems particularly related to a deficiency in visual-motor integration.
Psychometric Properties of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment–Second Edition in Taiwanese Persons With Schizophrenia
Authors: Su Chwen-Yng , Chen Wan-Ling , Tsai Pei-Chun , Tsai Chia-Yin , Su Wei-Lieh 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study sought to determine the psychometric properties for the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment–Second Edition (LOTCA–II) in a population of persons with schizophrenia.
METHOD. Sixty-four participants with schizophrenia were administered the LOTCA–II at baseline, and 43 of these were randomly selected to undertake four more standardized measures of cognitive and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) functions to test convergent validity. One week later, 48 randomly selected participants from the total sample were readministered the LOTCA–II to determine test–retest reliability.
RESULTS. Substantial ceiling effects existed in 96% of LOTCA–II items. Cronbach’s alpha for all six sub-tests ranged from .20 to .91; the alpha for the global scale was .90. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from .49 to .89 for the subtests and .95 for the full LOTCA–II. Low to moderate correlations were found between LOTCA–II total score and scores on cognitive and IADL measures. No overall significant differences in subtest scores were found across participants differing in employment status.
CONCLUSION. LOTCA–II performance is best interpreted in the context of total score. Further revision of the test items is recommended for a more reliable and valid use of the LOTCA–II in persons with schizophrenia.
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study of the Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy for Children With Sensory Modulation Disorder
Authors: Miller Lucy Jane , Coll Joseph R. , Schoen Sarah A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. A pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the effectiveness of occupational therapy using a sensory integration approach (OT-SI) was conducted with children who had sensory modulation disorders (SMDs). This study evaluated the effectiveness of three treatment groups. In addition, sample size estimates for a large scale, multisite RCT were calculated.
METHOD. Twenty-four children with SMD were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions; OT-SI, Activity Protocol, and No Treatment. Pretest and posttest measures of behavior, sensory and adaptive functioning, and physiology were administered.
RESULTS. The OT-SI group, compared to the other two groups, made significant gains on goal attainment scaling and on the Attention subtest and the Cognitive/Social composite of the Leiter International Performance Scale–Revised. Compared to the control groups, OT-SI improvement trends on the Short Sensory Profile, Child Behavior Checklist, and electrodermal reactivity were in the hypothesized direction.
CONCLUSION. Findings suggest that OT-SI may be effective in ameliorating difficulties of children with SMD.
Goal Attainment Scaling as a Measure of Meaningful Outcomes for Children With Sensory Integration Disorders
Authors: Mailloux Zoe , May-Benson Teresa A. , Summers Clare A. , Miller Lucy Jane , Brett-Green Barbara , Burke Janice P. , Cohn Ellen S. , Koomar Jane A. , Parham L. Diane , Roley Susanne Smith , Schaaf Roseann C. , Schoen Sarah A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Goal attainment scaling (GAS) is a methodology that shows promise for application to intervention effectiveness research and program evaluation in occupational therapy (Dreiling & Bundy, 2003; King et al., 1999; Lannin, 2003; Mitchell & Cusick, 1998). This article identifies the recent and current applications of GAS to occupational therapy for children with sensory integration dysfunction, as well as the process, usefulness, and problems of application of the GAS methodology to this population. The advantages and disadvantages of using GAS in single-site and multisite research with this population is explored, as well as the potential solutions and future programs that will strengthen the use of GAS as a measure of treatment effectiveness, both in current clinical practice and in much-needed larger, multisite research studies.
Gaining Insight Into Patients’ Perspectives on Participation in Home Management Activities After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Powell Janet M. , Temkin Nancy R. , Machamer Joan E. , Dikmen Sureyya S. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study investigated performance of home management activities 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI), as reported on the Functional Status Examination.
METHOD. Home management performance of 164 rehabilitation inpatients (mean age 35.4 years, 77% men, 75% white) with moderate to severe TBI was examined in relation to demographics, injury severity, neuropsychological functioning, and living situation.
RESULTS. Fifty-nine percent reported more difficulty or more assistance with home management at 1 year. Nonperformance of individual activities before injury ranged from 16% to 76%. Age (p = .001), living situation after injury (p = .002), and neuropsychological function at 1 year (p = .001) were associated with more limited home management performance after injury as compared to premorbid function.
CONCLUSIONS. Home management is challenging 1 year after TBI, especially for older adults and those with greater cognitive impairments. Accurate preinjury information is needed to determine the nature and extent of subsequent losses, guide treatment planning and interventions, and characterize recovery of function.
Semantic Priming of Motor Task Performance in Young Adults: Implications for Occupational Therapy
Authors: Grossi Jennifer A. , Maitra Kinsuk K. , Rice Martin S. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To investigate whether the performance of a multisegment motor task is influenced by reading a segment-specific action word.
METHOD. Twenty-four participants performed tasks that involved reaching for a bottle, grasping it, lifting and placing it on a shelf, and returning their hand to the starting position. At the initiation of each task, participants read either aloud or silently five randomly provided, task-related words (reach, grasp, lift, place, and return).
RESULTS. Reading task-related words significantly affected the reach and lift/place segments in the direction of the hypothesis (p &lt; 0.05) but not the return segments. Grasp times were shorter and grasp velocities were higher when participants read aloud or silently the words grasp and place for the grasp segment (p &lt; 0.05).
CONCLUSION. The results suggest that in young adults, motor performance may be influenced by precuing or priming the brain with performance-related words. A meaning of a motor performance can be manipulated by contextually relevant language, which can facilitate performance.
Occupational Therapy Outcomes for Clients With Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke Using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure
Authors: Phipps Shawn , Richardson Pamela 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether 155 ethnically diverse clients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke (cerebrovascular accident; CVA) who received occupational therapy services perceived that they reached self-identified goals related to tasks of daily life as measured by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM).
This study found that a statistically and clinically significant change in self-perceived performance and satisfaction with tasks of daily life occurred at the end of a client-centered occupational therapy program (p &lt; .001). There were no significant differences in performance and satisfaction between the TBI and CVA groups. However, the group with right CVA reported a higher level of satisfaction with performance in daily activities than the group with left CVA (p = .03).
The COPM process can effectively assist clients with neurological impairments in identifying meaningful occupational performance goals. The occupational therapist also can use the COPM to design occupation-based and client-centered intervention programs and measure occupational therapy outcomes.
Functional Performance Characteristics Associated With Postponing Elementary School Entry Among Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Dolva Anne-Stine , Lilja Margareta , Hemmingsson Helena 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVES. This study investigated the relation between functional performance skills of children with Down syndrome and the age of entry into mainstream elementary education.
METHOD. In a cross-sectional study of 70% of the 7-year-old children with Down syndrome in Norway (N = 43), we measured functional performance using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). The study was a follow-up of a previous study of the same children at age 5 assessed using the same instrument. Data from both studies were used in the analysis.
RESULTS. Forty percent of the sample of children with Down syndrome in Norway had entered elementary school after a 1-year postponement (i.e., at age 7). The functional performance skills of the children, as measured using the PEDI, were significantly lower at both age 5 and age 7 in self-care and social function compared with children with Down syndrome who entered elementary school at the usual time (i.e., at age 6). The main characteristics associated with postponed elementary school entry were found in communication skills and bladder and bowel management.
CONCLUSION. A certain level of development and independence seems to be required for a child with Down syndrome to be viewed as ready to enter elementary school, and perceptions of readiness for school may be culturally dependent. In addition to the well-described challenges in language and communication skills, being viewed as ready for school includes having stopped using diapers, a topic not previously mentioned as a factor in postponing elementary school entry for children with Down syndrome. Awareness of culturally influenced performance skills may give direction to parents and professionals in targeting areas in the preschool years that might help promote these children’s readiness for school.
Occupation Emerges in the Process of Therapy
Authors: Price Pollie , Miner Stephanie 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The current literature offers no cohesive definition of occupation-based practice. Current definitions emphasize intervention forms and contexts, which do not reflect the complexity of practice. This article demonstrates that the therapeutic relationship and the meanings that are created in the therapy process are central aspects of occupation-based practice. Occupation, as an idea that emerges in the therapeutic process, has aspects of both doing and becoming.
METHOD. The authors conducted observation sessions and interviews with an occupational therapist, Nancy, who used multiple therapeutic strategies with one child, Hannah, as they worked toward Hannah’s goals of going to preschool and becoming a friend.
RESULTS. Strategies include changing therapeutic conditions, using cognitive strategies, bridging the person–task–social context, pushing participation, and engaging in narrative micronegotiations.
CONCLUSION. Occupation emerged in the therapeutic processes as the occupational therapist and client co-created meaning about the client moving toward or away from who she wanted to become.
A Pilot Study on the Impact of Occupational Therapy Home Programming for Young Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Novak Iona , Cusick Anne , Lowe Kevin 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Occupational therapy home programs are a common approach used to provide interventions for children with cerebral palsy, but there is little evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of such programs. This single-group pretest–posttest design pilot study evaluated the impact of an occupational therapy home program implemented with 20 children who had spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (ages 2–7 years, mean 3.8). We measured impact using Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS), the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), and the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST). We measured participation amount through a parent self-report log. Significant changes following intervention occured in scores on the GAS, the PEDI Functional Skills and Caregiver Assistance Scales, and the QUEST, but has found no relationship between participation amount and outcome using the same measures. These promising results suggest that further investigation of the impact of occupational therapy home programs is warranted.
Understanding Occupational Therapy Students’ Attitudes, Intentions, and Behaviors Regarding Community Service
Authors: Hoppes Steve , Hellman Chan M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Community-based practice has always been a central domain of occupational therapy, and evidence supporting its increasing importance is growing. Preparing occupational therapy students for community practice has received considerable attention in professional literature, but students’ voices have seldom been heard concerning this issue. This study sought to investigate attitudes, intentions, and behaviors regarding community service among occupational therapy students enrolled in one professional program using the Community Service Attitudes Survey. We present the Theory of Planned Behavior as a conceptual framework linking students’ attitudes and intentions with behaviors. Results indicate that these occupational therapy students’ attitudes and intentions regarding community service tended to be more strongly positive than those of their counterparts in other allied health disciplines; however, the community service behaviors of occupational therapy students were not significantly different from those of other allied health students, possibly because occupational therapy students perceived high costs to community service.
Behavioral Indexes of the Efficacy of Sensory Integration Therapy
Authors: Roberts Jane E. , King-Thomas Linda , Boccia Marcia L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The study examined behavioral treatment effects of classical sensory integration therapy.
METHOD. This study used a prospective longitudinal, single-subject ABAB design. The participant was a boy, age 3 years and 5 months, with average nonverbal intellectual skills, delayed communication skills, and sensory modulation disorder. Difficulties with modulating sensory input and delayed communication skills affected his occupational performance in preschool. Behavioral data were collected in the preschool by teachers who were blind to the type and timing of sensory integration therapy.
RESULTS. Improvement in behavior regulation was observed, including increased engagement and decreased aggression, less need for intense teacher direction, and decreased mouthing of objects.
CONCLUSION. Classical sensory integration therapy may be associated with improved self-regulatory behaviors.
Effects of Combined Robotic Therapy and Repetitive-Task Practice on Upper-Extremity Function in a Patient With Chronic Stroke
Authors: Rosenstein Libby , Ridgel Angela L. , Thota Anil , Samame Bridgette , Alberts Jay L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This article describes the effect of a robotic device combined with repetitive-task practice (RTP) on upper-extremity function in a patient with chronic stroke.
METHOD. The client was a 32-year-old woman, 11 months after stroke, with minimal wrist and finger movement. She received approximately 48 hr of intervention split evenly between a robotic device (Hand Mentor) and RTP during 3 weeks.
RESULTS. Favorable scores in the Wolf Motor Function Test were observed from pre-to postevaluation. Active range of motion, from pre-to postintervention, increased by 35° in the shoulder, 65° in the wrist, and 70° in the thumb. Kinetic analysis of a bimanual dexterity task indicated improved specification of grasping forces for both limbs.
CONCLUSION. Improvements in upper-extremity motor functioning and functional performance in daily tasks followed this client's engagement in distal initiation of movement during an RTP exercise regimen that was robotically reinforced.
Two Dimensions of Participation in Very Old Age and Their Relations to Home and Neighborhood Environments
Authors: Haak Maria , Fänge Agneta , Horstmann Vibeke , Iwarsson Susanne 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This study aimed to capture and operationalize the concept of participation among people who are very old (age &gt; 80) and to investigate whether and how aspects of housing and neighborhood environments relate to participation in very old age. Two dimensions of participation—performance-oriented participation and togetherness-oriented participation—emerged from an earlier qualitative study and were operationalized and validated in this study with quantitative variables. Both objective and perceived housing and neighborhood aspects were significantly related to, in particular, performance-oriented participation and, to a lesser extent, to togetherness-oriented participation. Most interventions in occupational therapy are accomplished within the home for very old people, but our results imply that there are potential interventions to accomplish on a societal level as well. In this respect, our study contributes to the knowledge in the field and has the potential to support the development of novel occupational therapy interventions targeting society at large.
Intervention Planning Facets—Four Facets of Occupational Therapy Intervention Planning: Economics, Ethics, Professional Judgment, and Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Lopez Alexander , Vanner Elizabeth A. , Cowan Alexis M. , Samuel Anisha P. , Shepherd Dana L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study determined occupational therapists’ perceptions of the following facets of intervention planning: economics, ethics, independent professional judgment, and evidence-based practice.
METHOD. A cross-sectional survey of 142 occupational therapists who provide short-term rehabilitation in five northeastern states was undertaken.
RESULTS. Most occupational therapists (n = 137, 96.5%) fell into one of four clusters, with the largest cluster (n = 86, 60.6%) having positive perceptions about ethics and independent professional judgment but negative perceptions about economic issues. Smaller clusters of occupational therapists were more positive about economic issues or less positive about ethics and independent professional judgment. Negative perceptions about the ability to implement evidence-based practice spanned all clusters.
CONCLUSION. American Occupational Therapy Association's efforts to educate occupational therapists about ethics appear to be effective. Most occupational therapists exercise independent professional judgment but perceive economic limitations when developing intervention plans. Practicing occupational therapists need additional research to support evidence-based practice and help in accessing and using research.