bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Immobilization of a Monophosphaferrocene on a Silica Support
Authors: Komath Mallissery Samith , Gudat Dietrich 
Published: June 2012

AbstractReactions of 2‐formyl‐3, 4‐dimethyl‐1‐phosphaferrocene with aminopropyl (AP) functionalized hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) were studied in the absence and presence of an excess of the mild reducing agent Na[BH3CN]. Starting material and reaction products were characterized by analytical and multinuclear (13C, 29Si, 31P) MAS NMR spectroscopic data. Both reactions proceeded by partial derivatization of surface‐bound NH2 groups to yield products with tethered phosphaferrocene units. Evaluation of spectroscopic data and the results of homogeneous model reactions confirmed that condensation of both components gives imines, which are obviously kinetically labile and allow leakage of the tethered phosphaferrocene into solution. Reactions carried out in the presence of Na[BH3CN] proceed as reductive amination to yield secondary amines with enhanced kinetic stability. The reductive amination is accompanied by formation of minor amounts of phosphorus‐containing by‐products as well as the hydrolysis of surface bound ethoxy groups present in the starting material.
N‐Pyrazolylpropanamide – a Versatile Ligand for the Construction of Supramolecular Hydrogen‐Bonded Frameworks
Authors: Wagner Thomas , Hrib Cristian G. , Lorenz Volker , Edelmann Frank T. , Amenta Donna S. , Burnside Christopher J. , Gilje John W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe syntheses and single‐crystal X‐ray structures of several first‐row transition metal complexes containing the multifunctional acrylamide‐derived ligand N‐pyrazolylpropanamide (1 = L) are reported. The general synthesis involves treatment of appropriate transition metal salts with an excess of 1 in ethanolic solution in the presence of triethylorthoformate as dehydrating agent. This way the perchlorates of iron(II) and cobalt(II) afforded the complexes [L2M(EtOH)2](ClO4)2[M = Fe (2), Co (3), in good yields (82 and 85 %)]. Light green L2NiCl2 (4) was obtained analogously from NiCl2·6H2O. Hydration of 4 afforded the dark green cationic nickel(II) complex [L2Ni(H2O)4]Cl2 (4a). In compounds 2–4 the N‐pyrazolylpropanamide acts as N, O‐chelating ligand. In contrast, monodentate nitrogen coordination via the pyrazolyl ring was found for the dicoordinate silver(I) complex [L2Ag]NO3·H2O (5). The molecular and crystal structures of 2, 3, 4a, and 5 were determined by X‐ray diffraction.
A New Classification of Positive Sestamibi and Ultrasound Scans in Parathyroid Localization
Authors: Agcaoglu Orhan , Aliyev Shamil , Heiden Katy , Neumann Donald , Milas Mira , Mitchell Jamie , Siperstein Allan E. , Berber Eren 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound (US) and sestamibi (MIBI) are traditionally considered positive or negative. The purpose of this study was to define and test a new scoring system for MIBI and US and to determine whether this can improve their accuracy for primary hyperparathyroidism.MethodsThis is a prospective study of 200 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who had a single uptake on MIBI scans before bilateral neck exploration at a tertiary academic center between 2007 and 2008. These patients also had surgeon‐performed neck US in the office, which was scored as “typical” or “atypical” based on how characteristic the image resembled a parathyroid gland. The MIBI uptake was scored by the nuclear medicine specialist as “weak,” “moderate,” or “strong” compared with the signal intensity of the thyroid. US and MIBI scoring was done preoperatively and their findings were compared with operative data.ResultsOf 200 patients, 71 % had a single adenoma, 12 % had double adenomas, and 17 % had four‐gland hyperplasia. A weak, moderate, and strong signal on MIBI had an accuracy of 23, 47, and 72 %, respectively, in demonstrating single‐gland disease. An atypical versus typical US appearance was accurate in 55 and 74 % of the time, in identifying single‐gland disease.ConclusionsAn appraisal of US and MIBI positivity in relation to image characteristics affects the reliability of both studies. This information should be kept in mind when selecting patients for focal neck exploration.
Strengthening Surgical Services at the Soum (First‐referral) Hospital: The WHO Emergency and Essential Surgical Care (EESC) Program in Mongolia
Authors: Henry Jaymie A. , Orgoi Sergelen , Govind Salik , Price Raymond R. , Lundeg Ganbold , Kehrer Beat 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundProvision of surgical care continues to receive little attention and funding despite the growing burden of surgical disease worldwide. In 2004, The World Health Organization (WHO) established the Emergency and Essential Surgical Care (EESC) program, which was designed to strengthen surgical services at the first‐referral hospital. There are limited data documenting the implementation and scale‐up of such services. We describe the nationwide implementation of the EESC program in Mongolia over a 6 year period.MethodsSurgical services were increased in rural areas of Mongolia using the WHO Integrated Management of Emergency and Essential Surgical Care (IMEESC) toolkit from 2004 to 2010. Fund of knowledge tests and program evaluation was done to measure uptake, response, and perceived importance of the program. Two years after the pilot sites were launched, programmatic impact on short‐term process measures was evaluated using the WHO Monitoring and Evaluation form.ResultsThe program was implemented in 14 aimags/provinces (66.67 %) and 178 soum hospitals (52.66 %). Fund of knowledge scores increased from 47.72 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 40.7–54.7) to 77.9 % (95 % CI 70.1–85.7, p = 0.0001) after the training program. 1 year post‐training, there was a 57.1 % increase in the availability of emergency rooms, 59.1 % increase in the supply of emergency kits, a 73.64 % increase in the recording of emergency care cases, and a 46.66 % increase in the provision of facility and instrument usage instructions at the pilot sites.ConclusionsThe EESC program was successfully implemented and scaled up at a national level with improvements in short‐term process measures.
Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy with D2 Lymphadenectomy for Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lee Ju‐Hee , Ahn Sang‐Hoon , Park Do Joong , Kim Hyung‐Ho , Lee Hyuk‐Joon , Yang Han‐Kwang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe use of laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) has not yet gained widespread acceptance because of difficulties in performing D2 lymphadenectomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of LTG with D2 lymphadenectomy in treating AGC.MethodsA total of 94 patients who underwent LTG with D2 lymphadenectomy for AGC between January 2005 and October 2011 were included in this study. The patient data were obtained from a prospectively maintained institutional database. Morbidity was stratified by the Clavien‐Dindo classification.ResultsConcurrent pancreatectomy or splenectomy was performed on 48 patients. The median operation time was 230 min, and the median number of lymph nodes harvested per patient was 60.5. The TNM stages of the tumor were Ib in 9 patients (9.6 %), IIa in 16 (17 %), IIb in 7 (7.4 %), IIIa in 16 (17 %), IIIb in 17 (18.1 %), IIIc in 25 (26.6 %), and IV in 4 (4.3 %). Major morbidity (≥ grade IIIa) occurred in 9 patients (9.6 %) without postoperative mortality. At last follow‐up, tumor recurrence had occurred in 13 patients with a median follow‐up time of 12.77 months.ConclusionsThe acceptable rate of major morbidity in our series suggested that laparoscopic total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy is applicable to AGC. Long‐term follow‐up is mandatory to validate long‐term outcome.
Key Performance Indicators in an Acute Surgical Unit: Have We Made an Impact?
Authors: Hsee Li , Devaud Marcelo , Civil Ian 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntroductionTimely access to acute surgery is a worldwide issue and New Zealand is similarly affected. Auckland City Hospital is one of the largest metropolitan public hospitals in New Zealand where more than 60 % of surgical admissions fit into the acute category. In January 2009, an Acute Surgical Unit (ASU) was set up to improve acute surgical flow. Key performance indicators (KPIs) were identified as valuable tools in evaluating ASU service performance. Our goals were to describe the current acute patient pathway, present the early trend of KPIs for the ASU and determine whether an impact has been made on acute surgical patients.MethodsA retrospective review of patients admitted with acute general surgical conditions from January 2008 (pre‐ASU) to October 2010 was performed. Patient data were identified through hospital electronic records. KPIs assessed included: (1) time to assess referred patients from the emergency department (ED) and from GPs [where patient assessment occurs in the assessment and planning unit (APU)]; (2) preoperative length of stay (LOS[PO]); (3) length of stay of nonadmitted patients (LOS[NA]); (4) case volume “in h” (0730–1730) versus “after h”; and (5) readmission rate. Statistical analysis was performed with one‐way ANOVA, regression, and χ2 tests.ResultsResults show a reduction of mean time from referral to assessment from 2.28 to 1.6 h in the ED (p ≤ 0.001). Patients are seen in APU after GP referral sooner as well as the time from referral to assessment reducing from 2 to 1.76 h (p < 0.001). The LOS[PO] has not changed significantly overall (34.58 vs. 34.88 h, p = not significant [NS]). However, there are encouraging signs in high‐volume procedures, such as appendicectomy. The mean LOS[PO] for appendicectomy was 7.81 h but is now 6.53 h (p ≤ 0.005). The LOS[NA] has decreased from 15.23 to 9.48 h (p < 0.005). Since the development of the ASU, the number of cases operated on “in hours” is increasing with a corresponding decrease in “after hours” operating.ConclusionsOur KPIs demonstrate an early positive trend of facilitating acute patient flow. There is minimal difference between pre‐ and post‐ASU LOS[PO].The causes are likely multifactorial, including increased case volume displacing minor cases of lesser urgency, lack of operating staff, and shortage of hospital beds in winter months. This study supports the utility of ASU in facilitating patient flow in a NZ metropolitan public hospital.
Comment on “Degradation of Two Persistent Surfactants by UV‐Enhanced Ozonation”
Authors: Heinze John E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn a recent issue of this journal, Tehrani‐Bagha et al. (J Surf Deterg 15:59–66, 2012) state that sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, more commonly known as linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is a “persistent surfactant” that demonstrates “low biodegradability.” Tehrani‐Bagha et al. further imply that LAS has “harmful effects” on the environment, causing “serious environmental pollution.” This comment reviews some of the extensive literature available on LAS including five environmental assessments which concluded that LAS is of low concern and not a risk to the environment. Published studies and reviews report that LAS passes stringent laboratory tests designed to measure ready biodegradability and demonstrates rapid biodegradation in both laboratory and field studies. These studies and assessments contradict the statements made about LAS in the Tehrani‐Bagha et al. paper.
The constitutionalization of what?
Authors: BROWN GARRETT WALLACE 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThere are difficult global challenges that need to be addressed. In response, many have argued for the increased constitutionalization of international law. An argument is often also made that the international order is already constitutionalized in some meaningful sense and that there are founding conditions within the international order that represent something like a global constitution. Nevertheless, when surveying the literature on constitutionalization one is often struck by a general ambiguity about what the term means and with how constitutionalization is meant to operate between theory and institutional practice. In particular, there seems to be an overall ambiguity regarding what is being constituted by the processes of constitutionalization, about how these processes operate, and with whether this legal order is in fact creating the type of progressive cosmopolitanism that is often assumed. To address these ambiguities, this article will seek to better understand what appeals to constitutionalization generally mean and to expose key conceptual problems. The goal in doing so is to highlight areas that need greater conceptual attention and to recommend potential solutions, so that more cosmopolitan minded scholars can feel more confident in prescribing constitutionalization as part of their normative catalogue.
The effect of vertical and horizontal dilution on fertilized patch experiments
Authors: Ianson Debby , Völker Christoph , Denman Ken L. , Kunze Eric , Steiner Nadja 
Published: June 2012

A great deal of attention, both negative and positive, has been directed at the potential of large‐scale iron fertilization schemes to sequester carbon by inducing phytoplankton blooms that would, in theory, result in significant export of organic carbon to the deep ocean in high nitrogen ‐ low chlorophyll regions. A suite of iron manipulation or ‘patch’ experiments has been performed over length‐scales of 10s of km. Here, we use a physical‐ecological‐chemical model, with prognostic nitrogen, silica and iron dynamics, to study one of the most successful of these experiments, the Subarctic Ecosystem Response to Iron Enrichment Study (SERIES), focusing on the vertical export of organic material, which is difficult to observe in the field. The implications of large‐scale fertilization, i.e. increasing patch size, are investigated. Our results agree with the general conclusions obtained from the field experiments. Only a modest export of organic carbon occurs (less than 25% of carbon uptake by phytoplankton) at the base of the mixed layer. Furthermore, we show that lateral and vertical supply of silicic acid is necessary to fuel a sustained phytoplankton bloom. Increasing patch size results in less lateral nutrient supply relative to patch area and so a decrease, not only in total production (per unit area), but in the contribution by large phytoplankton due to silica limitation. Most importantly, the export of organic carbon (per unit area) decreases substantially, by nearly an order of magnitude, as scales of 1000 km are approached.
A parametrization, based on sea ice morphology, of the neutral atmospheric drag coefficients for weather prediction and climate models
Authors: Lüpkes Christof , Gryanik Vladimir M. , Hartmann Jörg , Andreas Edgar L. 
Published: June 2012

A hierarchy of parametrizations of the neutral 10 m drag coefficients over polar sea ice with different morphology regimes is derived on the basis of a partitioning concept that splits the total surface drag into contributions of skin drag and form drag. The new derivation, which provides drag coefficients as a function of sea ice concentration and characteristic length scales of roughness elements, needs fewer assumptions than previous similar approaches. It is shown that form drag variability can explain the variability of surface drag in the marginal sea ice zone (MIZ) and in the summertime inner Arctic regions. In the MIZ, form drag is generated by floe edges; in the inner Arctic, it is generated by edges at melt ponds and leads due to the elevation of the ice surface relative to the open water surface. It is shown that an earlier fit of observed neutral drag coefficients is obtained as a special case within the new concept when specific simplifications are made which concern the floe and melt pond geometry. Due to the different surface morphologies in the MIZ and summertime Arctic, different functional dependencies of the drag coefficients on the sea ice concentration result. These differences cause only minor differences between the MIZ and summertime drag coefficients in average conditions, but they might be locally important for atmospheric momentum transport to sea ice. The new parametrization formulae can be used for present conditions but also for future climate scenarios with changing sea ice conditions.
Recruitment of HRDC domain of WRN and BLM to the sites of DNA damage induced by mitomycin C and methyl methanesulfonate
Authors: Samanta Saheli , Karmakar Parimal 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe HRDC (helicase and RNase D C‐terminal) domain at the C‐terminal of WRNp (Werner protein) (1150–1229 amino acids) and BLMp (Bloom protein) (1212–1292 amino acids) recognize laser microirradiation‐induced DNA dsbs (double‐strand breaks). However, their role in the recognition of DNA damage other than dsbs has not been reported. In this work, we show that HRDC domain of both the proteins can be recruited to the DNA damage induced by MMS (methyl methanesulfonate) and MMC (methyl mitomycin C). GFP (green fluorescent protein)‐tagged HRDC domain produces distinct foci‐like respective wild‐types after DNA damage induced by the said agents and co‐localize with α‐H2AX. However, in time course experiment, we observed that the foci of HRDC domain exist after 24 h of removal of the damaging agents, while the foci of full‐length protein disappear completely. This indicates that the repair events are not completed by the presence of protein corresponding to only the HRDC domain. Consequently, cells overexpressing the HRDC domain fail to survive after DNA damage, as determined by MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide] assay. Moreover, 24 h after removal of damaging agents, the extent of DNA damage is greater in cells overexpressing HRDC domain compared with corresponding wild‐types, as observed by comet assay. Thus, our observations suggest that HRDC domain of both WRN and BLM can also recognize different types of DNA damages, but for the successful repair they fail to respond to subsequent repair events.
Knockdown of OY‐TES‐1 by RNAi causes cell cycle arrest and migration decrease in bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Cen Yan‐Hui , Guo Wen‐Wen , Luo Bin , Lin Yong‐Da , Zhang Qing‐Mei , Zhou Su‐Fang , Luo Guo‐Rong , Xiao Shao‐Wen , Xie Xiao‐Xun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOY‐TES‐1 is a member of the CTA (cancer‐testis antigen) group expressed in a variety of cancer and restrictedly expressed in adult normal tissues, except for testis. To determine whether MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) express OY‐TES‐1 and its possible roles on MSCs, OY‐TES‐1 expression in MSCs isolated from human bone marrow was tested with RT (reverse transcription)‐PCR, immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Using RNAi (RNA interference) technology, OY‐TES‐1 expression was knocked down followed by analysing cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis and migration ability. MSCs expressed OY‐TES‐1 at both mRNA and protein levels. The down‐regulation of OY‐TES‐1 expression in these MSCs caused cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction and migration ability attenuation. Through these primary results it was suggested that OY‐TES‐1 may influence the biological behaviour of MSCs.
Targeted suppression of μ‐calpain and caspase 9 expression and its effect on caspase 3 and caspase 7 in satellite cells of Korean Hanwoo cattle
Authors: Yang You Bing , Pandurangan Muthuraman , Hwang InHo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe calpains play an important role in cell death and cell signalling. Caspases catalyse wholesale destruction of cellular proteins which is a major cause of cellular death. The current study looks at the function of μ‐calpain and caspase 9, using RNAi (RNA interference)‐mediated silencing, and to observe the mRNA expression level of caspase genes during satellite cell growth. The satellite cells were treated with siRNA (small interfering RNA) of μ‐calpain and caspase 9 separately. There was reduction of 16 and 24% in CAPN1 (calpain1)‐siRNA2 and CAPN1‐siRNA3 transfected cells respectively, whereas it was 60 and 56% in CAPN1‐siRNA1 and CAPN1‐siRNA4 transfected cells respectively. CAPN1‐siRNA4 and CAPN1‐siRNA1 treated cells showed more reduction in caspase 3 and 7 gene expression. CARD9 (caspase recruitment domain 9)‐siRNA1 and CARD9‐siRNA2‐treated cells showed reduction of 40 and 49% respectively. CARD9‐siRNA1 and CARD9‐siRNA2 showed an increase in caspase 3 gene expression, whereas CARD9‐siRNA2 showed reduction in caspase 7 gene expression. These results suggest a strong cross‐talk between μ‐calpain and the caspase enzyme systems. Suppression of target genes, such as μ‐calpain and caspase 9, might have genuine potential in the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy.
Survey quality and cross‐national sports research: A case study of the 2007 ISSP survey
Authors: Van Tuyckom Charlotte , Bracke Piet 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFor the past 15 years there has been an increase in the number of cross‐national surveys on sports‐related issues. However, in cross‐national research, the quality of the conclusions always depends on the quality of each of the separate national studies. If any of these are flawed, it is possible that the observed variation in outcomes is nothing more than a methodological artefact. Unfortunately, the issue of survey quality has been seriously underdeveloped in sports research literature. Through a discussion of several components of survey quality by means of the 2007 International Social Survey Programme survey on leisure time and sports, this article addresses this lacuna. Our case study shows that the wide cross‐national variation in sampling methods, modes of data collection and response rates leaves room for various forms of survey error with the potential to generate misleading or biased findings. Although it is less clear what can be done about survey error, we give some possibilities. We suggest that ignoring these methodological problems will affect the validity of cross‐national research. Moreover, future research into the impact of various methodological factors related to survey quality is definitely needed.
A Neumann problem with critical exponent in nonconvex domains and Lin-Ni’s conjecture
Authors: Wang Liping , Wei Juncheng , Yan Shusen 
Published: June 2012

We consider the following nonlinear Neumann problem:
\[

{

−
Δ
u
+
μ
u
=

u

N
+
2

N
−
2

,

u
>
0

a
m
p
;

in

Ω
,

∂
u

∂
n

=
0

a
m
p
;

on

∂
Ω
,

\left \{\begin {array}{lll} -\Delta u + \mu u = u^{\frac {N+2}{N-2}},\quad u>0 \quad & \mbox {in} \ \Omega , \\ \frac {\partial u}{\partial n}=0 & \mbox {on} \ \partial \Omega , \end {array}\right .

\]
where

Ω
⊂

R

N

\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N

is a smooth and bounded domain,

μ
>
0

\mu > 0

and

n
n

denotes the outward unit normal vector of

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

. Lin and Ni (1986) conjectured that for

μ
\mu

small, all solutions are constants. We show that this conjecture is false for all dimensions in some (partially symmetric) nonconvex domains

Ω
\Omega

. Furthermore, we prove that for any fixed

μ
\mu

, there are infinitely many positive solutions, whose energy can be made arbitrarily large. This seems to be a new phenomenon for elliptic problems in bounded domains.