bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emx2 and Foxg1 Inhibit Gliogenesis and Promote Neuronogenesis
Authors: Brancaccio Marco , Pivetta Chiara , Granzotto Marilena , Filippis Carol , Mallamaci Antonello 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) give rise to all cell types forming the cortex: neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The transition from the former to the latter ones takes place via lineage-restricted progenitors in a highly regulated way. This process is mastered by large sets of genes, among which some implicated in central nervous system pattern formation. The aim of this study was to disentangle the kinetic and histogenetic roles exerted by two of these genes, Emx2 and Foxg1, in cortico-cerebral precursors. For this purpose, we set up a new integrated in vitro assay design. Embryonic cortical progenitors were transduced with lentiviral vectors driving overexpression of Emx2 and Foxg1 in NSCs and neuronal progenitors. Cells belonging to different neuronogenic and gliogenic compartments were labeled by spectrally distinguishable fluoroproteins driven by cell type-specific promoters and by cell type-specific antibodies and were scored via multiplex cytofluorometry and immunocytofluorescence. A detailed picture of Emx2 and Foxg1 activities in cortico-cerebral histogenesis resulted from this study. Unexpectedly, we found that both genes inhibit gliogenesis and promote neuronogenesis, through distinct mechanisms, and Foxg1 also dramatically stimulates neurite outgrowth. Remarkably, such activities, alone or combined, may be exploited to ameliorate the neuronal output obtainable from neural cultures, for purposes of cell-based brain repair.
Evaluation of the toxicity of river and creek sediments in Hungary with two different methods
Authors: Torokne Andrea , Toro Karoly 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study is to compare the responses of two different ecotoxicological methods for the determination of the toxic hazard of river or creek sediments in Hungary. Since water quality is intrinsically linked to sediment quality, the ecotoxicological control of sediments is also very important in the water quality policy. The 2000/60 EC Water Framework Directive aims at achieving a good qualitative and quantitative status of all water bodies by 2015. Fifteen sediments and four sludges were collected at different sites in Hungary, which are contaminated by industrial sewage. The first assay is the acute toxicity test with the crustacean Daphnia magna Straus (OECD 202) using larvae less than 1 day old, and an exposure time of 2 days. The second assay is the Ostracodtoxkit F with freshly hatched larvae of the crustacean Heterocypris incongruens and an exposure time of 6 days. The Ostracodtoxkit F test is a “direct sediment contact” bioassay, in which the test organisms are in continuous contact with the sediments. The Daphnia tests were applied on water extracts of the sediment without any contact of the test organisms with the contaminated sediment. The same 1:4 water/sediment ratio has been applied to both tests. The results showed higher toxic effects of the sediments to H. incongruens than to D. magna confirming the need to complement “water only” tests with “solid phase” assays for a meaningful evaluation of the toxic hazard of aquatic environments. The sensitivity of H. incongruens is similar to that of the other test species which are currently used for solid‐phase assays. The growth inhibition of H. incongruens is a very sensitive endpoint for sediment toxicity testing. The sediment toxicity tested by ostracods showed strong correlation with concentration of total chromium, lead, and cadmium together. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
Clinical aspects of neuropathic lysosomal storage disorders
Authors: Jardim Laura Bannach , Villanueva Maria Mercedes , de Souza Carolina F. Moura , Netto Cristina B. Oliveira 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to describe neurological phenotypes associated with lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), focusing on features arising from primary neuronal involvement. Clinical presentation, progression and genetic data, are discussed in detail in Part 2, the electronic material. Main features are summarized in Part 1. Insights gained from several observational studies are discussed. Prospective studies of the natural history of most neuronopathic LSDs have been hampered by the rarity of these conditions and the short survival of affected patients. Increasingly, longitudinal observations relating to neurological manifestations are being reported. Better clinical studies are necessary, including repeated measurements of disease progression to facilitate the development of sensitive scoring systems and appropriate counseling of affected individuals and their families. Ideally, clinical studies should involve a large cohort. As treatment becomes available, knowledge of disease expression and factors that influence the phenotype may enable critical assessment of therapeutic outcomes. It is hoped that increased familiarity with the clinical expression of individual LSDs will allow early diagnosis, so families at risk are given options to consider during future pregnancies. Early diagnosis also permits the introduction of timely intervention, to favoring improved outcome in cases that are potentially treatable.
Isolated remethylation disorders: do our treatments benefit patients?
Authors: Schiff Manuel , Benoist Jean‐François , Tilea Bogdana , Royer Nicolas , Giraudier Stéphane , Ogier de Baulny Hélène 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDeficiency of 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), the very rare methionine synthase reductase (CblE) and methionine synthase (CblG) defects, and the recently identified CblD‐variant‐1 defect are primary remethylation defects characterized by an isolated defect in methionine synthesis without methylmalonic aciduria. The clinical signs are mainly neurological, and hematological signs are seen in CblE, CblG, and CblD‐variant‐1 defects. Patients with neonatal or early‐onset disease exhibit acute neurological distress. Infants and children have unspecific mental retardation, often with acquired microcephaly. Without appropriate therapy, they may experience acute or rapidly progressive neurological deterioration, which may be fatal. Adolescents and adults show normal development or mild developmental delay initially and then experience rapid neurological or behavioral deterioration. A few patients may have signs of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Adults may be asymptomatic or present with isolated thromboembolism. All patients with suspected remethylation disorders should receive emergency treatment with parenteral administration of hydroxocobalamin and folate supplements combined with betaine orally. The long‐term treatment of CblE, CblG, and CblD‐variant‐1 defects consists of parenterally administered hydroxocobalamin and orally administered folate and betaine supplements, whereas patients with MTHFR deficiency require long‐term oral folate and betaine supplements. Long‐term oral methionine therapy should also be considered. Early treatment may lead to a favorable outcome with developmental recovery and prevention of further neurological deterioration. In contrast, most late‐treated patients have severe and irreversible neuromotor impairments. Hematological abnormalities are easily corrected.
A Classification System for Anomalies of the Extensor Pollicis Longus
Authors: Türker Tolga , Robertson Gregory A. , Thirkannad Sunil M. 
Published: May 2010

Introduction Variations of the long extensor tendon to the thumb are very rare. Materials and Methods We present three cases in which there was a supernumerary long extensor tendon to the thumb. In all three cases, the supernumerary tendon emerged from the fourth dorsal compartment and had a parallel course to the extensor pollicis longus. Results Details of the anomalies are described along with a meta-analysis of relevant literature. A classification system of these anomalies is also proposed.
Enhanced Bioavailability of Eicosapentaenoic Acid from Fish Oil After Encapsulation Within Plant Spore Exines as Microcapsules
Authors: Wakil Ammar , Mackenzie Grahame , Diego‐Taboada Alberto , Bell J. Gordon , Atkin Stephen L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBenefits of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can be enhanced by raising their bioavailability through microencapsulation. Pollen can be emptied to form hollow shells, known as exines, and then used to encapsulate material, such as oils in a dry powder form. Six healthy volunteers ingested 4.6 g of fish oil containing 20% EPA in the form of ethyl ester first alone and then as 1:1 microencapsulated powder of exines and fish oil. Serum bioavailability of EPA was measured by area under curve (AUC0–24). The mean AUC0–24 of EPA from ethyl ester with exine (M = 19.7, SD = 4.3) was significantly higher than ethyl ester without exines (M = 2, SD = 1.4, p < 0.01).The bioavailability of EPA is enhanced by encapsulation by pollen exines.
Neue Wege in der bioinformatischen Phänotypanalyse
Authors: Doelken S.C. , Köhler S. , Bauer S. , Ott C.-E. , Krawitz P. , Horn D. , Mundlos S. , Robinson P.N. 
Published: May 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die präzise Beschreibung phänotypischer Auffälligkeiten ist für die klinische Diagnostik und für unser wissenschaftliches Verständnis von Erkrankungen von grundlegender Bedeutung. Derzeit sind mehrere tausend hereditäre Erkrankungen des Menschen bekannt, die jeweils durch eine mehr oder weniger spezifische Kombination phänotypischer Merkmale charakterisiert sind. Eine besondere Schwierigkeit bei der computergestützten Analyse phänotypischer Daten ergab sich bislang durch das Fehlen eines standardisierten medizinischen Vokabulars und den Mangel an adäquaten Datenstrukturen zur Erfassung phänotypischer Merkmale.
Die Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) wurde von unserer Arbeitsgruppe mit dem Ziel entwickelt, alle phänotypischen Auffälligkeiten, die bei monogenen Erkrankungen des Menschen auftreten können, zu beschreiben (http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org). Die HPO stellt ein hierarchisch strukturiertes, deskriptives und standardisiertes Vokabular zur Beschreibung phänotypischer Merkmale bereit und ist somit geeignet, signifkante phänotypische Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede verschiedener hereditärer Erkrankungen zu erfassen.
Eine Ontologie wie die HPO eröffnet viele neuartige Möglichkeiten, insbesondere auch auf dem Gebiet der klinisch-genetischen Diagnostik. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist der von uns entwickelte Phenomizer (http://compbio.charite.de/phenomizer), ein neuartiges, frei verfügbares ontologisches Suchprogramm. Der Phenomizer nutzt die semantische Struktur der HPO, um klinische Symptome anhand ihrer Spezifität zu wichten, und kann als Werkzeug für eine computergestützte klinische Differenzialdiagnostik verwendet werden.
Factors predictive of successful outcome following salvage treatment of isolated neck recurrences
Authors: Lim Jae‐Yol , Lim Young Chang , Kim Se‐Heon , Byeon Hyung Kwon , Choi Eun Chang 
Published: May 2010

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome and predictive factors for salvage treatment of isolated neck recurrence after primary curative surgery for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingHead and neck cancer clinic in a tertiary care university hospital.Subjects and MethodsA retrospective study was conducted with 236 patients who developed a recurrence after primary curative surgery with or without radiotherapy for HNSCC.ResultsIsolated neck recurrence developed in 61 (26%) patients. Salvage treatment was offered to 49 patients, and the overall salvage rate was 33 percent (20 of 61). The salvage rate for the surgical salvage group was 46 percent (16 of 35) and 28 percent (4 of 14) for the nonsurgical salvage group (chemoradiation) (P = 0.14). The three‐year overall survival rate was 36 percent for patients with surgical salvage and 12 percent for patients with nonsurgical salvage (P = 0.101). There were no survivors of the supportive care group (0 of 12). Univariate analysis of individuals with isolated neck recurrence showed that patients who had previous treatment with surgery alone, a disease‐free time longer than one year, previous pathologic N‐ status, recurrence in the undissected neck, or recurrent N1 had significantly improved salvage time (P < 0.05). However, in multivariate analysis, the factors previous treatment with surgery alone and recurrent N1 submitted to the salvage treatment were independent predictors of a successful salvage of isolated neck recurrence.ConclusionOur results suggest that the ideal candidates for salvage neck treatment include those patients with recurrent N1 disease and those whose previous treatment was surgery only.
Anatomical and technical correlates in endoscopic anterior skull base surgery: A cadaveric analysis
Authors: Batra Pete S. , Kanowitz Seth J. , Luong Amber 
Published: May 2010

ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate anatomical relationships and 2) develop technical correlates for endoscopic anterior skull base (ASB) surgery.Study DesignCadaver study.SettingMinimally invasive surgery laboratory.Subjects and MethodsTen adult fresh‐frozen cadaver heads were dissected from December 2006 to December 2007. The endoscopic trans‐cribriform, trans‐ethmoid approach to the anterior cranial base was refined over these consecutive dissections. Endoscopic orientation along the ventral axis was assessed with 0°, 30°, and 70° rigid telescopes. Anatomical dimensions of the ASB window were measured in the anteroposterior (posterior table of frontal sinus to planum sphenoidale) and transverse (orbit‐to‐orbit) dimensions at the anterior ethmoid artery (AEA) and posterior ethmoid artery (PEA).ResultsEndoscopic cadaveric dissections confirmed technical feasibility of ASB surgery and greatly enhanced understanding of ASB anatomical concepts. The 30° rigid endoscope provided the most optimal view from the frontal sinus to the planum sphenoidale with the least distortion, relative to 0° and 70° scopes. Careful identification of the AEA and PEA was requisite for proper orientation at the ASB. The posterior one third of the ASB was thickest and always required drilling for resection. The mean boundaries of the ASB window were 33.7 mm (anterior to posterior) and 23.5 and 19.1 mm at the AEA and PEA (orbit to orbit), respectively.ConclusionThis prospective cadaveric study outlined key correlates for endoscopic ASB surgery. It serves to highlight the requisite technical steps and anatomical dimensions when the trans‐nasal endoscopic route is employed for ASB pathology.
Role of thyroidectomy in advanced laryngeal and pharyngolaryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Elliott Michael S. , Odell Edward W. , Tysome James R. , Connor Steve E.J. , Siddiqui Ata , Jeannon Jean‐Pierre , Simo Ricard 
Published: May 2010

ObjectiveTotal thyroidectomy (TThy) or hemithyroidectomy (HThy) in conjunction with a total laryngectomy (TL) or pharyngolaryngectomy (PL) for laryngeal carcinoma often results in hypothyroidism requiring life‐long thyroid hormone replacement. The aims were to determine the incidence of thyroid gland (TG) invasion in patients undergoing TL or TPL with TThy or HThy for laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma and to assess predicative factors.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingGuy's Hospital, London, UK.Subjects and MethodsThirty‐five patients from 2004 to 2008 were reviewed. Specimens were examined to determine the incidence of TG invasion and predicative factors. Preoperative imaging was reviewed to assess the radiological evidence of TG invasion.ResultsTL and TThy were performed in 19 patients, TL and HThy in three patients, and PL and TThy in 13 patients. Surgery was performed for primary and recurrent carcinoma in 28 and eight patients, respectively. Histological evidence of invasion of the TG was found in three patients (8.5%). No significant relationship was found between TG invasion and patient's sex, subsite of primary carcinoma, stage of primary disease at surgery, degree of differentiation, or the presence of subglottic extension. In addition, no significant relationship was found between the presence of TG invasion and recurrent disease. Definite evidence of radiological invasion of the TG was seen in only one patient.ConclusionsInvasion of the TG in patients undergoing TL or TPL is a rare event and limits the need for TThy in most cases.
Postoperative respiratory complications and recovery in obese children following adenotonsillectomy for sleep‐disordered breathing: A case‐control study
Authors: Fung Elaine , Cave Dominic , Witmans Manisha , Gan Kenton , El‐Hakim Hamdy 
Published: May 2010

ObjectiveTo compare postoperative respiratory complications in obese and nonobese children following surgery for sleep‐disordered breathing.Study DesignCase‐control study.SettingPediatric tertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsAll obese children who had undergone adenotonsillectomy for sleep‐disordered breathing from 2002 to 2007 were compared with age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Subjects were identified from a prospective surgical database. Length of hospital stay and the incidence, severity, and location of respiratory complications were compared. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify predictive factors.ResultsForty‐nine obese children were identified (20:29, female:male). There were no differences in mean age or type of surgical procedures (P > 0.05). Overall, 37 obese children (75.5%) and 13 controls (26.5%) incurred complications (P = 0.000, OR 8.54 [95% CI 3.44‐21.19]). Ten obese patients and two controls incurred major events (P = 0.012, OR 6.03 [95% CI 1.25‐29.15]); 36 obese children had minor complications versus 12 controls (P = 0.000, OR 8.54 (95% CI 3.44‐21.19). Obese children had significantly more upper airway obstruction (19 vs 4, P = 0.0003, OR 7.13 [95% CI 2.20‐23.03]), particularly during the immediate postoperative period. The mean hospital stay was significantly longer for the obese group (18 vs 8 hours, P = 0.000, mean difference of 10 hours [95% CI 2.01‐17.99]). Male gender, tonsillectomy, and body mass index were significant predictive factors.ConclusionObesity in children significantly increases the risk of respiratory complications following surgery for sleep‐disordered breathing. Overnight hospitalization for obese children is recommended.
Analysis on arithmetic schemes. II
Authors: Fesenko Ivan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe construct adelic objects for rank two integral structures on arithmetic surfaces and develop measure and integration theory, as well as elements of harmonic analysis. Using the topological Milnor K2-delic andK1×K1-delic objects associated to an arithmetic surface, an adelic zeta integral is defined. Its unramified version is closely related to the square of the zeta function of the surface. For a proper regular model of an elliptic curve over a global field, a two-dimensional version of the theory of Tate and Iwasawa is derived. Using adelic analytic duality and a two-dimensional theta formula, the study of the zeta integral is reduced to the study of a boundary integral term. The work includes first applications to three fundamental properties of the zeta function: its meromorphic continuation and functional equation and a hypothesis on its mean periodicity; the location of its poles and a hypothesis on the permanence of the sign of the fourth logarithmic derivative of a boundary function; and its pole at the central point where the boundary integral explicitly relates the analytic and arithmetic ranks.
Can maternal iodine supplementation improve twin- and triplet-born lamb plasma thyroid hormone concentrations and thermoregulation capabilities in the first 24–36 h of life?
Authors: KERSLAKE J. I. , KENYON P. R. , STAFFORD K. J. , MORRIS S. T. , MOREL P. C. H. 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYThe present study investigated the effects of maternal plasma iodine concentration on twin- and triplet-born lamb plasma thyroid hormone concentrations, rectal temperature and maximal heat production. On pregnancy day 68 (P68), 16 twin- and 14 triplet-bearing ewes were randomly chosen from ewes that were injected intramuscularly with 1·5 ml of iodized peanut oil and ewes that were not. Selected ewes were grazed onad libitumpasture from P68 until parturition. After parturition, lamb blood samples were collected within 5 min of birth and at 3, 12 and 24–36 h after birth. Lamb rectal temperatures were measured within 5 min of birth and at 1, 3 and 12 h after birth. Lamb body weight, crown–rump length and thoracic-girth circumference were recorded at 3 h of age, and the capability of the lamb to produce heat at 24–36 h of age was measured using indirect open-circuit calorimetry. Maternal iodine supplementation successfully increased plasma iodine concentrations of twin- and triplet-bearing ewes throughout pregnancy, but had no effect on the rectal temperature, thyroid hormone concentration and maximal heat production of twin- or triplet-born lambs. Compared with twin-born lambs, triplet-born lambs had lower birth weights, rectal temperatures and plasma T4 and T3 concentrations within 5 min of birth. Overall, under the conditions of the present study, maternal iodine supplementation offered no benefit in improving lamb heat production.
Chemiluminescence assay of reactive oxygen species in laryngeal cancer
Authors: Baglam T , Sari M , Mine Yazici Z , Yuksel M , Uneri C 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to evaluate the presence of reactive oxygen species in laryngeal cancer tissue, using a luminol-amplified chemiluminescence method.Materials and methods:Fourteen patients with histopathologically diagnosed laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. Patients with recurrent tumours or a history of prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded. Tissue specimens were harvested both from the tumour itself and from the neighbouring, apparently normal mucosa (immediately after tumour removal). Tissue specimens were washed with ice-cold saline solution and processed immediately, without storage. The level of reactive oxygen species was measured quantitatively by a luminol-amplified chemiluminescence method.Results:The mean luminol-amplified chemiluminescence values for tumour and control tissue were 140.52 (standard error of the mean 40.21) and 121.36 (standard error of the mean 35.33) relative light units/mg tissue, respectively. Furthermore, mean tumour and control luminol chemiluminescence values were compared for stage one and two tumours versus stage three and four tumours. Both the tumour and the control luminol chemiluminescence values for the latter tumour group were significantly higher than those for the former tumour group.Conclusion:This study measured directly the levels of reactive oxygen species in samples of laryngeal cancer tissue and normal mucosa. Higher levels of reactive oxygen species were found in laryngeal cancer tissue, suggesting a relationship between reactive oxygen species and laryngeal cancer.