bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophoretic variants of serum transferrin in wild pig populations of Japan
Authors: KUROSAWA Y. , TANAKA K. 
Published: July 2010

Summary.Variants of serum transferrin in Japanese wild pig, Sus scrofa leucomystax, and Ryukyu wild pig, S.s. riukiuanus, of Japan were investigated by using starch gel electrophoresis. Five phenotypes, TfB, BC, C, CX and X, were observed, of which two, TfCX and X, are new variants. Comparison of gene frequency estimates which were calculated for each population showed remarkable geographic differences among several populations of these two subspecies.
The A system of horse erythrocyte alloantigens: a new allele and another look at factor Ae
Authors: BOWLING A. T. , EWALT‐EVANS R. 
Published: July 2010

Summary.Family data are presented for a new allele (Aabdg) in the A system of horse erythrocyte alloantigens which includes factors Aa and Ab traditionally thought to be products of allelic genes. Evidence for incorrect assignment of the codominant factor Ac in the presence of Ab and Ac and the absence of Aa is discussed.
Haemoglobin polymorphism in Norwegian Red Cattle
Authors: BRAEND M. 
Published: July 2010

Summary.By the use of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels and the Immobiline method at pH range 7.1–7.7, three haemoglobin (Hb) phenotypes were observed in Norwegian Red Cattle. Two one‐band phenotypes named HbA4and HbA6occurred in unequal proportions in their two‐band combination type with the cathodal HbA6being the stronger. In 76 dam‐offspring pairs the distribution of phenotypes were in agreement with codominant single gene inheritance. In an unselected material of 140 animals, gene frequencies were HbA4=0.94 and HbA6=0.06.
Characterization of class I bovine lymphocyte antigens (BoLA) by one‐dimensional isoelectricfocusing
Authors: JOOSTEN I. , OLIVER R. A. , SPOONER R. L. , WILLIAMS J. L. , HEPKEMA B. G. , SANDERS M. F. , HENSEN E. J. 
Published: July 2010

Summary.BoLA class I antigens were characterized in a group of British and Dutch Friesian cattle by one‐dimensional isoelectric focusing (1D‐IEF) and the results compared with serology using alloantisera and microcytotoxicity.For IEF analysis, non‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) were metabolically labelled with35S methionine, detergent lysates were prepared and MHC molecules precipitated with the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) W6/32 or B1. 1G6. Staphylococcus protein A precipitated antigens were separated on a vertical slab gel under denaturing conditions. The banding patterns seen for the W6/32 precipitated molecules obtained by 1D‐IEF were compared with the serological specificities. Characteristic banding patterns were observed for most serological specificities as well as workshop undefined haplotypes. These patterns were seen both in families and the outbred population. In families IEF haplotypes segregated with serotypes. Additional MHC class I products were suggested by variable banding patterns for different w10 haplotypes and when using the different mAbs. A pulse chase experiment with a w12 animal also suggested more than one expressed product.The w2 and w5 specificities were not precipitated by either W6/32 or B1.1G6 and w6.2 and w6.4 were precipitated by W6/32 but not by B1.1G6. These results show that ID‐IEF is useful for BoLA typing. For the characterization of class I antigens, however, much depends on the mAbs used.
The analyses of antigen and DNA polymorphism within the bovine major histocompatibility complex: 1. The class I antigens
Authors: OLIVER R. A. , BROWN P. , SPOONER R. L. , JOOSTEN I. , WILLIAMS J. L. 
Published: July 2010

Summary.Serology, isoelectric focusing (IEF) of expressed antigens, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) were compared for the identification of BoLA class I haplotypes. Expressed antigens identified as bands by IEF correlated well with serological definition confirming and extending our earlier findings (Joostenet al.1988). Comparison of serology and isoelectric focusing bands with restriction fragments was more complicated; fragments were found which correlated both with broadly reacting and antigen specific sera. We also found correlation of fragments with two or more sera which showed no cross‐reactivity. Fragments unique to particular haplotypes were also observed.Serology remains the simplest method of typing BoLA class I antigens. Isoelectric focusing generally agrees with serological definition of antigens and detects antigens not yet defined by serology. It may also be useful in defining the products of other expressed BoLA class I loci. In order to identify RFLPs which could be used for typing, comparison with serology or IEF is essential. Haplotype specific RFLPs could be useful in identifying genes linked to the MHC.
Sheep gene mapping: additional DNA markers included (CASB, CASK, LALBA, IGF‐1 and AMH).
Authors: GHALI M. IMAM , SAIDI‐MEHTAR N. , GUERIN G. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. DNA extracted from 25 hamster‐sheep hybrid cell lines was subjected, after Southern blotting, to hybridization with CASB, CASK, LALBA, IGF‐1 and AMH cDNA probes. CASB and CASK segregated together and IGF‐1 and LALBA were found syntenic with the LDHB‐PEPB‐TPI‐GAPD‐SHMT‐KRTB group. No other synteny was observed with any of the previously described groups using the same hybrid cell panel. Gene nomenclature: ACO 1: aconitase 1 (soluble); ADA: adenosine deaminase; AMH: antiMüllerian hormone; ARA 1: murine sarcoma 3611 viral (v‐raf) oncogene homologue 1; CASB: ß‐casein; CASK: K‐casein; ENO 1: enolase 1 (alpha); GAPD: glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase; GALA (or GLA): galactosidase (alpha); GAPD; glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase; GPI: glucose phosphate isomerase; GSR: glutathione reductase; HBG: haemoglobin gamma; HPRT: hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase; IDH 1: isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (soluble); IGF‐1: insulin growth factor 1; ITPA: inosine triphosphatase; KRTA: keratin (acid); KRTB: keratin (basic); LALBA: aT‐lactalbumin; LDHA: lactate dehydrogenase A; LDHB: lactate dehydrogenase B; MDH 2: malate dehydrogenase NAD (soluble); ME 1: malic enzyme (soluble); MPI: mannose phosphate isomerase; NP: nucleoside phosphorylase; OLA: ovine leucocyte antigen: OTC: ornitine carbamoyltransferase; PAIS: phosphoribosyl amino imidazole synthetase; PEPA, PEPB, PEPC: peptidase A, B, C; PGD: phospho gluconate dehydrogenase; PGK: phosphoglycerate kinase; PGM 3: phospho glucomutase 3; PKM 2: pyruvate kinase (muscle); PLP: proteolipid protein; PRGS: phosphoribosyl glycinamide synthetase; RCP: red cone pigment; SHMT: serine hydroxymethyl transferase; SOD 1: superoxide dismutase 1 (soluble); SYN 1: synapsin 1; TPI1: triose phosphate isomerase 1.
Anti‐leucocyte antibodies and embryonic mortality in embryo transferred cows
Authors: MATOUŜEK J. , RÍHA J. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. Cows carrying unrelated transferred embryos (ET) produced antileucocyte serum antibodies (aLA) more often than cows carrying their own embryos. Cows carrying the ET showed a higher frequency of cytotoxic reactions against leucocytes from 40–60 randomly chosen cows than individuals carrying their own embryos. The percentage of animals with aLA was higher in cows carrying their second or third transferred embryo than in those with their first transferred embryo. There was no change in the frequency of cytotoxic reactions with repeated pregnancies from transferred embryos. There was no difference in the toxicity of aLA in normal pregnant cows and those carrying transferred embryos.Embryonic mortality (EM) of 35, 73 and 88% was noted during pregnancies from the first, second and third successful ET, respectively. Mortality of 48% occurred in the first pregnancy following an unsuccessful ET. Embryonic mortality of 31% occurred in cows simultaneously carrying their own and a transferred embryo. A direct relationship between the presence of aLA and EM in recipients was not proved. Other fertility problems may lead to EM in cows subjected to repeated transfer of foreign embryos.
Linkage between amylase‐1 locus and a major gene for milk fat content in cattle
Authors: Andersson‐Eklund L. , Rendel J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryLinkage between the amylase‐1 (Am‐1) locus and a quantitative trait locus influencing fat content in milk was studied in offspring from heterozygous sires of the Swedish Red and White dairy breed. The effect on bull breeding values for fat content was estimated as interactions between sire and paternal Am‐1 allele using a model eliminating the direct effects of sire and Am‐1 allele. There were strong indications of linkage, confirming results of previous studies. The interaction was caused by strong associations in 7 out of 14 sire families. A test for within‐family variance heterogeneity performed on the whole population of breeding bulls also supported the presence of a major gene for fat content in milk. The results indicate that there is genetic linkage between the Am‐1 locus and a locus with large effect on milk fat content.
DNA fingerprint bands applied to linkage analysis with quantitative trait loci in chickens
Authors: Plotsky Y. , Cahaner A. , Haberfeld A. , Hillel J. , Lavi U. , Lamont S. J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryAn efficient approach to detect association between quantitative traits and bands of DNA fingerprint patterns uses intra‐family tail analysis, which compares fingerprints of DNA mixes from individuals at the two tails of a phenotypic distribution. In analysis of 67 paternal half‐sibs of a meat‐type chicken family, of 57 sire bands generated by two probes, one sire‐specific band (S6–6) was associated with abdominal fat deposition. The band effect was estimated by a linear model analysis to be 0–88 standard deviations, or about 30% of the family mean. The association between band S6–6 and abdominal fat was further examined by testing progeny of paternal half‐sibs of the chickens which were used in the tail analysis, establishing genetic linkage between the DNA marker and a genetic locus affecting abdominal fat deposition.
Localization of the porcine growth hormone gene to chromosome 12pl.2 p1–5
Authors: Yerle M. , Lahbib‐Mansais Y. , Gellin J. , Thomsen P. D. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe gene encoding the porcine growth hormone (GH) has been localized to the q‐arm of chromosome 12 using high‐resolution R‐banded chromosomes for in situ hybridization. We report here the localization of GH on the p‐arm of this chromosome when using in situ hybridization on high‐resolution G‐banded chromosomes. Sequential Q‐ and R‐banding show that this discrepancy is caused by a reversed orientation of chromosome 12 in the R‐banded high‐resolution karyotype published by Rønne et al. (1987) and the G‐banded standard karyotype.
An improved method for typing of plasma α1‐protease inhibitor (PI1) variants in sheep
Authors: Estomba A. , Basaras M. , Aguirre A. , Vicario A. , Jugo B. , Mazon L. I. 
Published: July 2010

SummarySheep plasma α1‐protease inhibitor (PI1) variants were typed by analysing neuraminidase treated samples by isoelectric focusing in ultra‐thin polyacrylamide gels followed by staining for trypsin inhibition. The 10 different PI1 pheno‐types observed were shown to be controlled by four codominant alleles. The probability of sire exclusion provided by PI1 polymorphism was about 0.45 in both of the studied milk sheep breeds (Latxa and Karrantzar) of the Basque Country.
Kappa‐casein polymorphisms among cattle breeds and bison herds
Authors: Cronin M. A. , Cockett N. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryWe identified the HindIII restriction site polymorphism of K‐casein in cattle reported by Pinder et al. (Animal Genetics 22, 11, 1991) and found an additonal polymorphism (RsaI) in cattle and bison. The HindIII and RsaI restriction sites were mapped and three haplotypes (alleles) were identified. Preliminary screening of 39 cattle and 71 bison revealed one allele restricted to cattle, one restricted to bison, and one shared by the species. No fixed allelic differences were observed among cattle breeds or among bison herds or subspecies.
Double‐strand DNA conformation polymorphisms as a source of highly polymorphic genetic markers
Authors: Kirkpatrick B. W. , Huff B. M. , Casas‐Carrillo E. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe molecular basis for several apparent restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the porcine growth hormone gene was examined through DNA sequence analysis. Electrophoretic and sequence analysis suggest polymorphisms result from 1–3 base substitutions that affect double‐strand DNA conformation and electrophoretic mobility. Two allelic forms of the porcine growth hormone 5'flank and four allelic forms of the second exon/intron region were identified. A marker system was developed which combined conformation polymorphisms with HaeII and DdeI RFLPs. Using this system, nine haplotypes were observed in samples from three US swine breeds. The data presented suggest that double‐strand DNA conformation can be exploited in base substitution detection and development of highly polymorphic genetic marker systems.
Influence of different B‐complex recombinants on the outcome of Rous sarcomas in chickens
Authors: Aeed P. A. , Collins W. M. , Briles W. E. , Zsigray R. M. 
Published: July 2010

SummarySeven major histocompatibility (B) complex recombinants were evaluated for anti‐Rous sarcoma response. In experiment 1, the BR5(F21‐G19) recombinant haplotype both homozygous and in heterozygous combinations with B19 and B21 haplotypes were compared to B19/B19 and B21/B21 chickens to determine the relative influence of the BF versus BG chromosomal segments on regression of Rous sarcoma virus‐induced tumours. In experiment 2, six recombinant haplotypes BR1(F24‐G23), BR2(F2‐G23), BR3(F2‐G23), BR4(F2‐G23), BR6(F21‐G23) and BR8(F2‐G2a,23) present in chickens heterozygous for normal haplotypes B19, B23 or B26 were compared for anti‐sarcoma response. A total of 1328 chickens were blood typed for B alloanti‐gens at 17 days of age, inoculated in the wingweb with Rous sarcoma virus at 6 weeks and monitored for anti‐tumour immune response over a 10‐week period. Genotypes which shared the same BF haplotype, but differed in their BG regions, had similar anti‐tumour responses, implicating the BF but not the BG region in tumour regression. Chickens carrying BF2 or BF21 had a strong anti‐tumour response, while BF24 conferred a weaker response, regardless of the accompanying normal haplotype.
Common swine leucocyte antigen (SLA) haplotypes in NIH and Sinclair miniature swine have similar effects on the expression of an inherited melanoma
Authors: Tissot R. G. , Beattie C. W. , Jr M S Amoss , Williams J. D. , Schumacher J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMixed lymphocyte culture and serological typing of NIH and Sinclair miniature swine indicate that the two herds share a common SLA haplotype. NIH haplotype a (International Haplotype H10) appears identical to Sinclair haplotype B, which has significant effects on the penetrance of Sinclair swine cutaneous malignant melanoma (SSCM). Offspring of crosses between melanoma‐bearing Sinclair swine homozygous for the B haplotype and non‐melanoma NIH aa swine have tumour incidence identical to Sinclair melanoma BB× Sinclair non‐melanoma BB offspring. Our results provide further support for the involvement of the swine leucocyte antigen (SLA) complex in the inheritance of SSCM, and identify a new source of non‐tumour animals that have all of the genes for SSCM except those at the tumour‐initiator locus.
Isolation and characterization of variable (GT)n repetitive sequences from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
Authors: Slettan A. , Olsaker I. , Lie Ø 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMicrosatellites are islands of long repeats of mono‐, di‐ or trinucleotides evenly distributed in the eukaryotic genome with an average distance of 50–100 kb. They display a high degree of length polymorphism and heterozygosity at individual loci, making them highly useful as markers in the development of genomic maps of eukaryotes. In the present work, we examined the dinucleotide repeat motif (dG‐dT)n in the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., genome. The frequency of (dG‐dT)n microsatellites in salmon correlates well with earlier published estimations. Cloning and sequencing of 45 salmon microsatellites revealed perfect and imperfect repeats, but no compound microsatellites. The distribution of number of repeat units in salmon microsatellites differ significantly from that of higher vertebrates. Salmon tends to have more long repeat stretches and less intermediate length repeats.
Detection of genome specific monomorphic loci in Bos taurus and Bubalus bubalis with oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe
Authors: Ali S. , Bala G. , Bala S. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe (OAT36) comprising nine repeats of 5'GACA 3′ and several enzymes were used to analyse cow, (Bos taurus) and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) genomes and a number of monomorphic loci were detected in both the species. Different animals from the same species showed an almost ‘similar’ monomorphic hybridization pattern but animals from two separate species showed a different ‘genome specific’ pattern. The overall hybridization with any enzyme and probe combination was found to be unique to one species. This forms the basis of genome specific hybridization which is substantiated by our zoo‐blot hybridization studies. The evolutionary aspect of these loci in the context of sequence polymorphisms is discussed.
Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for chicken major histocompatibility complex class II molecules
Authors: Sung A Moon , Nordskog A. W. , Lamont S. J. , Warner C. M. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the B complex, is being intensively analysed at the DNA level. To further probe the molecular structure of chicken MHC class II genes, cDNA clones coding for chicken MHC class II (B‐L) p chain molecules were isolated from an inbred G‐B2 Leghorn chicken spleen and liver. Twenty‐nine cDNA clones were isolated from the spleen and eight cDNA clones were isolated from the liver. Based on restriction maps, most clones could be clustered into one family of genes. Four cDNA clones were sequenced (S7, S10 and S19 from the spleen and L1, which was identical to S19, from the liver). Complete amino acid sequences of B‐Lβ chain molecules were predicted from the nucleotide sequences of the cDNA clones. Although both the nature and the location of the conserved residues were similar in chicken and mammalian sequences, some species‐specific differences were found, suggesting that the structures of the B‐L molecules of this haplotype are similar, but not identical, to their mammalian counterparts.
Strong association between polymorphisms in an intronic microsatellite and in the coding sequence of the BoLA‐DKB3 gene: implications for micro‐satellite stability and PCR‐based DRB3 typing
Authors: Ellegren H. , Andersson L. , Davies C. J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA highly polymorphic microsatellite in the bovine DRB3 gene was characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and DNA sequencing. A very strong association between expressed DRB3 polymorphism and microsatellite alleles was revealed by PCR analysis of genomic DNA from 116 animals representing three breeds of cattle. The results indicated a low frequency of microsatellite length mutations as the association was consistent over breeds. The DRB3 microsatellite may be utilized in a PCR‐based typing method of bovine class II alleles. The microsatellite polymorphism did not distinguish all known DRB3 alleles, but it was shown that this method may be complemented by the use of allele‐specific PCR based on the extensive polymorphism in the DRB3 exon 2. The DNA sequences of seven microsatellite alleles, associated with different class II hap‐lotypes, were determined. The DRB3 microsatellite is composed of three repeat motifs, a stretch of at least 10 uninterrupted (TG)n dinucleotides, a long but interrupted stretch of (GA)n dinucleotides, and a few (CAGA)n tetranucleotides. There were pronounced sequence differences beween alleles and the results indicated that the evolution of this microsatellite has involved length mutations of the dinucleotide repeats as well as point mutations causing interruptions in the dinucleotide repeats.
A search for associations between major histocompatibility complex restriction fragment length polymorphism bands and resistance to Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep
Authors: Blattman A. N. , Kinghorn B. P. , Gray G. D. , Hulme D. J. , JBeh K. , Woolaston R. R. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryPolymorphic bands were detected within the DQB and DRB regions of the ovine major histocompatibility complex by probing TaqI digested DNA from three large sheep half‐sib families derived from a highly resistant ram. All animals were phenotypically assessed for Haemonchus contortus resistance by faecal egg counts and associations with RFLP bands and haplotypes were estimated using mixed model, best linear unbiased prediction statistical methods. Although the highly resistant sire was homozygous at the MHC, no significant associations were found between any band or haplotype and faecal egg count.
Mapping of susceptibility to Marek's disease within the major histocompatibility (B) complex by refined typing of White Leghorn chickens
Authors: Hepkema B. G. , Hensen E. J. , Blankert J. J. , van der Zijpp A. J. , Albers G. A. A. , Tilanus M. G. J. , Egberts E. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe major histocompatibility (B) complex of a distinct commercial pure White Leghorn chicken line was characterized using serological, biochemical and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing. Line B chickens displayed a high recombination frequency within the B complex. Three recombinant haplo‐types were identified. The influence of these haplotypes was determined in relation to the haplotypes Bl9 and B21 on their resistance to Marek's disease (MD) in an experimental infection with the virus. Offspring of sires with a recombinant haplotype in combination with B19 or B21, and dams, which were homozygous B19/B19 or B21/B21 were infected. The B type of the offspring had a significant effect upon survival. Animals with B complex types B21/B21, B134/B21 and B234/B21 were relatively resistant to MD (24–32% mortality), whereas B19/B19 birds were highly susceptible (68% mortality). Animals with a recombinant halpotype B19r21 (B‐G21, B‐F19) were equally susceptible to MD as birds with the complete B19 haplotype. In contrast to earlier publications, resistance was not inherited as a dominant trait. Apparently, B19 was associated with a dominant susceptibility. The gene(s) associated with the B complex and involved in resistance to MD were localized within the B‐F/B‐L region. However, the association with a presumably non‐coding subregion of B‐G could not be excluded.
Silent blood chimaerism in a mare confirmed by DNA marker analysis of hair bulbs
Authors: Bowling A. T. , Stott M. L. , Bickel L. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMicrosatellite DNA markers in a mare's hair bulbs not concordant with markers in her blood confirmed the hypothesis of chimaerism which had been proposed to explain the apparent parentage exclusion of the mare from her suckling foal. Parentage analysis for this foal based on genetic markers not originating from blood cells of its dam supported a parentage verification conclusion.