bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-world Implications of Botulinum Neurotoxin A Immunoresistance for Consumers and Aesthetic Practitioners: Insights from ASCEND Multidisciplinary Panel
Authors: Corduff Niamh , Park Je-Young , Calderon Pacifico E. , Choi Hosung , Dingley Mary , Ho Wilson W. S. , Martin Michael U. , Suseno Lis S. , Tseng Fang-Wen , Vachiramon Vasanop , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima , Yu Jonathan N. T. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
As long-term, regular aesthetic botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) use becomes more commonplace, it is vital to understand real-world risk factors and impact of BoNT-A immunoresistance. The first Aesthetic Council on Ethical Use of Neurotoxin Delivery panel discussed issues relating to BoNT-A immunoresistance from the health care professionals’ (HCPs’) perspective. Understanding the implications of BoNT-A immunoresistance from the aesthetic patient’s viewpoint allows HCPs to better support patients throughout their aesthetic treatment journey.

Methods:
A real-world consumer study surveyed 363 experienced aesthetic BoNT-A recipients across six Asia-Pacific territories. The survey mapped participants’ BoNT-A aesthetic treatment journey and characterized awareness and attitudes relating to BoNT-A immunoresistance and treatment implications. At the second Aesthetic Council on Ethical use of Neurotoxin Delivery meeting, panelists discussed survey findings and developed consensus statements relating to the impact of BoNT-A immunoresistance on the aesthetic treatment journey.

Results:
Aesthetic BoNT-A patients’ depth of knowledge about BoNT-A immunoresistance remains low, and risk/benefit communications need to be more lay-friendly. The initial consultation is the most important touchpoint for HCPs to raise awareness of BoNT-A immunoresistance as a potential side effect considering increased risk with repeated high-dose treatments. HCPs should be cognizant of differences across BoNT-A formulations due to the presence of certain excipients and pharmacologically unnecessary components that can increase immunogenicity. Standardized screening for clinical signs of secondary nonresponse and a framework for diagnosing and managing immunoresistance-related secondary nonresponse were proposed.

Conclusion:
These insights can help patients and HCPs make informed treatment decisions to achieve desired aesthetic outcomes while preserving future treatment options with BoNT-A.
Fragility Index and Fragility Quotient in Statistically Significant Randomized Controlled Trials in Plastic Breast Surgery
Authors: Skorochod Ron , Gronovich Yoav 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The fragility index (FI) was conceived as an adjunct to the P value, signifying the strength of statistically significant results. The index states the minimal number of patients whose outcome must be changed from “event” to “nonevent” for the results to be statistically nonsignificant. The FI was applied in various medical specialties to assess the robustness of results presented in studies. We aim to assess the robustness of statistically significant results in studies on plastic surgery of the breast and determine factors correlated with studies deemed fragile.

Methods:
A systematic literature review of PubMed databases using designated keywords was performed. Background characteristics were extracted from the studies, alongside the significance of outcomes. FI and fragility quotient were calculated for each analyzed outcome and correlated with various baseline characteristics.

Results:
FI and fragility quotient were both significantly correlated only with the P value of the analyzed outcomes. However, grouping studies based on the P value into three categories did not demonstrate a difference in FI. Comparisons of fragile and robust studies did not demonstrate a statistically significant change in terms of baseline variables, except for the mean P value of the outcome.

Conclusion:
Statistically significant results of randomized controlled trials in plastic surgery of the breast suffer from extensive fragility, and researchers should critically implement their conclusions in their practice.
Subclinical valve leaflet thrombosis following bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement
Authors: Giuliani Carlos , Zanuttini Antonela , Salaun Erwan , Côté Nancy , Clavel Marie Annick , Pibarot Philippe 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
Subclinical leaflet thrombosis (SLT) is often an incidental finding characterized by a thin layer of thrombus involving one, two or three leaflets, with typical appearance on multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) of hypo-attenuating defect at the aortic side of the leaflet, also called hypo-attenuating leaflet thickening (HALT). SLT may occur following both transcatheter aortic replacement (TAVR) or biological surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). The aim of this review is to present an overview of the current state of knowledge on the incidence, diagnosis, clinical impact, and management of SLT following TAVR or SAVR.

Recent findings
SLT occurs in 10–20% of patients following TAVR and is somewhat more frequent than following SAVR (5–15%). SLT may regress spontaneously without treatment in about 50% of the cases but may also progress to clinically significant valve thrombosis in some cases. Oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonist is reasonable if SLT is detected by echocardiography and/or MDCT during follow-up and is generally efficient to reverse SLT. SLT is associated with mild increase in the risk of stroke but has no impact on survival. SLT has been linked with accelerated structural valve deterioration and may thus impact valve durability and long-term outcomes.

Summary
SLT is often an incidental finding on echocardiography or MDCT that occurs in 10–20% of patients following TAVR or 5–15% following biological SAVR and is associated with a mild increase in the risk of thrombo-embolic event with no significant impact on mortality but may be associated with reduced valve durability.
Challenges in the Treatment of Psychotic Bipolar Depression
Authors: Cintrón Pastrana Maité A. , Irizarry Flores Jessica C. , Rothschild Anthony J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Psychotic bipolar depression (PBD) is a prevalent yet understudied psychiatric illness, and there are no specific guidelines or Food and Drug Administration–approved medications for its treatment. Recent studies suggest that some antipsychotics and mood stabilizers may be effective in managing bipolar depression; however, their effectiveness for PBD remains unclear. Given the urgent need for more focused research for managing PBD, we conducted a literature review to summarize the existing literature on PBD.

Methods
We conducted an electronic literature search from the 1960s to 2023, utilizing PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google, and selected studies based on their relevance to PBD.

Findings
PBD is a complex disorder, with 50%–75% of patients with bipolar disorder exhibiting psychotic features. This likelihood increases among those with a history of psychotic mania. Treatment guidelines often recommend a combination of mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, or electroconvulsive therapy, but they do not specify a first-line treatment. PBD symptoms can be masked by mixed high mood and energy feelings, potentially delaying diagnosis and treatment while increasing suicide risk. Limited research has evaluated outcomes of various treatments for PBD, and despite the lack of evidence for superior efficacy, in clinical practice, antipsychotics are frequently prescribed. Notably, combining an antipsychotic with selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants may be effective, but including a mood stabilizer is necessary.

Conclusion
PBD poses a significant challenge in mental health due to its severity and the lack of consensus on optimal treatment approaches. There is a critical need for more dedicated clinical trials and research to answer key questions about the effective treatment of acute PBD, ideal follow-up care, traits of responders to different therapies, and decision models for subsequent treatments.
Deutetrabenazine Provides Long-Term Benefit for Tardive Dyskinesia Regardless of Underlying Condition and Dopamine Receptor Antagonist Use
Authors: Hauser Robert A. , Barkay Hadas , Fernandez Hubert H. , Jimenez-Shahed Joohi , Factor Stewart A. , Gross Nicholas , Marinelli Leslie , Gordon Mark Forrest , Barash Steve , Finkbeiner Stacy , Chaijale Nayla , Anderson Karen E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Deutetrabenazine is approved for adults with tardive dyskinesia (TD). Data based on underlying psychiatric condition and baseline dopamine receptor antagonist (DRA) use are limited.

Methods
Patients with TD who completed parent studies ARM-TD or AIM-TD were eligible for the 3-year, open-label extension study (RIM-TD; NCT02198794). In RIM-TD, deutetrabenazine was titrated based on dyskinesia control and tolerability. In this post hoc analysis of RIM-TD, total motor Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) score and adverse events (AEs) were analyzed by underlying condition and DRA use at parent study baseline.

Results
Of 343 patients enrolled in RIM-TD, 336 were included in the analysis by underlying condition, and 337 were included in the analysis by DRA use. One hundred eighty-nine of 205 (92%) patients with psychotic disorders (schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder) and 65 of 131 (50%) with mood and other disorders (depression/bipolar disorder/other) were receiving a DRA. Mean (SE) deutetrabenazine doses at week 145 were 40.4 (1.13), 38.5 (1.21), 39.9 (1.00), and 38.5 (1.48) mg/d for patients with psychotic disorders, those with mood and other disorders, and those receiving DRAs or not, respectively. Mean (SD) changes in total motor AIMS score from this study baseline to week 145 were −6.3 (4.53), −7.1 (4.92), −6.1 (4.42), and −7.5 (5.19). Exposure-adjusted incidence rates (number of AEs/patient-years) of AEs were similar across groups: any (1.02, 1.71, 1.08, 1.97), serious (0.10, 0.12, 0.10, 0.12), and leading to discontinuation (0.07, 0.05, 0.06, 0.05).

Conclusions
Long-term deutetrabenazine provided clinically meaningful improvements in TD-related movements, with a favorable benefit-risk profile, regardless of underlying condition or DRA use.
Celiac disease and nonceliac enteropathies
Authors: Doyle John B. , Lebwohl Benjamin 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
This review highlights recent research in the field of celiac disease.

Recent findings
Epidemiological studies continue to identify celiac disease-associated diseases such as inflammatory arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Recently published consensus guidelines provide recommendations for the long-term management and monitoring of patients with celiac disease. There are multiple pharmaceutical therapies for celiac disease under investigation, and recent phase I and phase II trials are reviewed here. Finally, a recent trial of patients with nonceliac gluten sensitivity demonstrates a significant nocebo effect in this condition.

Summary
Recent advances in celiac disease include the development of new clinical guidelines as well as promising new therapeutics. Continued high-quality research is needed to improve the outcomes of patients with celiac disease and nonceliac enteropathies.
Evaluating the Impact of Self-Care Strategies Incorporated in Undergraduate and Graduate Nursing Curricula
Authors: Fairchild Roseanne Moody , Tully Salena 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Evidence demonstrates professional nurses’ vital need for self-care, underscoring the necessity to support the integration of self-care behaviors in nursing education.

Purpose:
The aim was to synthesize the impact of self-care strategies in nursing curricula to evaluate students’ experiential, evidence-based outcomes.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted to examine interventional self-care studies in undergraduate and graduate nursing curricula published in the English language from 2018 to 2023. Searches were conducted between June 1, 2023, and July 12, 2023, in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest, and PubMed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, yielding 20 peer-reviewed articles. Studies were evaluated for quality utilizing Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument scoring; each author examined results independently to ensure rigor and mitigate bias.

Results:
Notable increases were observed regarding students’ recognition of self-care needs across a variety of curricular methodologies and self-care strategies.

Conclusions:
Evidence is mounting to substantiate curricular integration of self-care strategies in nursing education; further research of a robust nature is needed to refine curricular approaches.
Development and Validation of the GAASThyriC Model for Predicting Patients with Suboptimal Clinical Response After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy and a Practical Calculator: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Demirpolat Muhammed Taha , İslam Mehmet Muzaffer 
Published: June 2024

Background:
It might not be possible to achieve the desired outcome in every patient following bariatric surgery, even though every patient is thoroughly examined before surgery. This study aimed to develop a regression model based on parameters that affect weight loss success in patients scheduled for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and thus preoperatively predict whether the patients will have an optimal clinical response in terms of weight loss at the end of the first year.

Materials and Methods:
Between January 2018 and August 2022, patients who underwent LSG were analyzed retrospectively. Age, sex, comorbidities, smoking status, alcohol use status, preoperative weight, preoperative body mass index (BMI), preoperative laboratory data, weight, and total weight loss (TWL)% values at the end of the first year were recorded. At the end of the first year following LSG, patients with TWL% above 20% were defined as having an optimal clinical response in terms of weight loss. This study is designed, conducted, and reported regarding the “transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis” (TRIPOD) statement. The final model was used to construct an Excel-based calculator.

Results:
Four hundred thirty-eight patients underwent the sleeve gastrectomy procedure, and 38 of them were excluded from the study because of a lack of 1-year follow-up information, resulting in 400 eligible patients for our study. Age, glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), alcohol consumption, systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and tobacco were the independent predictors of optimal clinical response (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.011, P=0.039, P=0.045, respectively). The model was called the GAASThyriC score. When the final model was tested in the validation cohort, the AUC was 0.875 (95% CI, 0.742-0.999), the sensitivity was 83.3% (95% CI, 51.6-97.9), specificity was 86.4% (95% CI, 77.4-92.8), negative likelihood ratio was 0.19 (95% CI, 0.05-0.68), and accuracy was 86% (95% CI, 77.6-92.1) when the cutoff value was set to the optimal threshold (logit = 0.8451).

Conclusion:
The GAASThyriC score can be used as an effective auxiliary tool to predict the patient population with suboptimal clinical response in terms of TWL% at the end of the first year after LSG.
Free-listing and Semantic Knowledge: A Tool for Detecting Alzheimer Disease?
Authors: Ulep Maileen G. , Liénard Pierre 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Impairment in semantic knowledge contributes to Alzheimer disease (AD)-related decline. However, the particulars of the impact AD has on specific domains of knowledge remain debatable.

Objective:
To investigate the impact of AD on specific semantic categories that are integral to daily functions—living things and man-made objects.

Method:
We administered a free-listing task (written version) to 19 individuals with AD and 15 cognitively normal older adults and assessed the task’s relationship with other cognitive and functional tests in clinical use. We compared the contents of the lists of salient concepts generated by the AD and control groups.

Results:
Group membership (AD or control), after controlling for age, sex, formal education, and an estimate of premorbid intellectual ability, predicted the groups’ performance on the free-listing task across two categories. Functional status was inversely related to performance on the free-listing task, holding demographic variables constant. Based on a comparison of the contents of the free lists that were generated by the two groups, it was possible to conclude that, in individuals with AD, conceptual knowledge central to the respective categories was well preserved, whereas the peripheral conceptual material showed evidence of degradation.

Conclusion:
The free-listing task, which is an easy-to-administer and cost-effective tool, could aid in the preliminary detection of semantic knowledge dysfunction, revealing concepts that are better preserved and, possibly, the characterization of AD. Cognitive assessment tools that can be applied across cultures are needed, and the free-listing task has the potential to address this gap.
Trends and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of diarrhoeal pathogens - an experience of fourteen years in Southern India
Authors: Mohanty Ankita , Lakra Nayannika , Mandal Jharna 
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Enteric pathogens contribute largely to morbidity in a developing country like India. Early and prompt diagnosis of diarrhoeal diseases can reduce the mortality rate, particularly in children. The pattern of sensitivity to antimicrobials for the common pathogens can vary from time to time. The present study was conducted to study the pathogen distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern during the study period (January 2010 to December 2023).
HYPOTHESIS/GAP STATEMENT: Studying the changing trend in the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of diarrhoeal pathogens over a decade can help to plan future treatment options.
AIM: This study was undertaken to provide insight into the changing pattern of pathogen distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric pathogens over 14 years.
METHODS: A retrospective observational cohort analysis was conducted on all the stool pathogens isolated from the samples received in the Microbiology department of a tertiary care hospital from the year 2010 to 2023. The demographic details, stool microscopy, culture reports, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were noted.
RESULTS: A total of 18336 stool specimens were received in the Microbiology laboratory between January 2010 to December 2023, of which 1354 specimens had diarrhoeal pathogens grown in culture. Out of these 1354 specimens, 591(44%)had Salmonella, 471 (35%) Shigella,181 (13%)Vibrio cholerae, and 80(6%) had Aeromonas species. Among these pathogens, susceptibility to Ceftriaxone was seen in 93% (552 isolates) of Salmonella species, 89% (420 isolates) of Shigella species, and in 95 %(171 isolates) of Vibriocholerae; 91%(73 isolates) of Aeromonas species were susceptible to Chloramphenicol. Some major parasites were also observed on microscopy.
CONCLUSION: Timely diagnosis of diarrhoeal pathogens can be life-saving for patients belonging to extremes of age. Pathogens can exhibit a changing susceptibility pattern to antibiotics which should be regularly observed to plan future therapy.
Gut-resident C. perfringens impedes rotavirus vaccine efficacy
Authors: Ngo Vu L. , Wang Yanling , Shi Zhenda , Ramani Sasirekha , Jiang Baoming , T. Gewirtz Andrew 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackground & AimsThe extent to which live orally-administered rotavirus (RV) vaccines elicit protective immunity is highly heterogeneous. We hypothesized microbiota composition might influence vaccine efficacy.MethodsWe tested this concept by examining extent to which colonizing mice with segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) influenced RV vaccine efficacy.Influence of human microbiomes on RV vaccination was studied via administering germ-free mice fecal microbial transplants (FMT) from children with robust or minimal RV vaccine responsiveness. Post-FMT, mice were subjected to vaccination and challenge doses of RV.ResultsSFB administration resulted in a phenotype reminiscent of RV vaccine failure, i.e. minimal generation of RV antigens and, consequently, lack of anti-RV antibodies resulting in proneness to RV challenge once SFB levels diminished. Transplant of microbiomes from children to mice recapitulated donor vaccination phenotype. Specifically, mice receiving FMT from high-responding children exhibited high levels of fecal RV antigen shedding and RV antibodies in response to RV vaccination and, concomitantly, were impervious to RV challenge. In contrast, mice receiving FMT from children who had not responded to RV vaccination exhibited only modest responses to RV challenge and, accordingly, remained prone to RV challenge. Microbiome analysis ruled out a role for SFB but suggested that RV vaccine failure might involveClostridium perfringens. Oral administration of culturedC. perfringensto gnotobiotic mice partially recapitulated the RV vaccine non-responder phenotype. Analysis of previously-reported microbiome data found C. perfringens abundance in children associated with RV vaccine failure.ConclusionMicrobiota composition influences RV vaccine virus infection and, consequently, protective immunity.C. perfringensmay be one, perhaps of many, bacterial species harbored in the intestine of RV-vaccine non-responders that influences RV vaccine outcomes.
Effect of Hexane and Methanol Extracts ofPiper guineense(Schum and Thonn) Seeds against the Larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) in Stored Cassava Chips
Authors: Odii Emmanuel , Okonkwo Nnaemeka Joe , Uko Ibeabuchi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTMethanolic and hexane extract of black pepperPiper guineenseSchum & Thonn was evaluated for its insecticidal property against the larger grain borerProstephanus truncatusin stored cassava chips. The extracts were applied at various concentrations (4000, 2000, 1000, 500, 250µl/ml) with ordinary acetone as control. The experimental setup involved placing ten unsexed adults of the test insect into petri dishes treated with each of the extracts as applicable. Also, cassava chips weighing twenty grams were treated with the different concentrations of the extracts and the control before being artificially infested withProstephanus truncatusand left for a period of thirty-three days. All of the treatments significantly reduced emergence holes and grain damage compared with the control.
Synaptic Organization-Function Relationships of Amygdala Interneurons Supporting Associative Learning
Authors: Báldi Rita , Muthuswamy Sunil , Loomba Niharika , Patel Sachin 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYCoordinated activity of basolateral amygdala (BLA) GABAergic interneurons (INs) and glutamatergic principal cells (PCs) is critical for associative learning, however the microcircuit organization-function relationships of distinct IN classes remain uncertain. Here, we show somatostatin (SOM) INs provide inhibition onto, and are excited by, local PCs, whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) INs are driven by extrinsic afferents. Parvalbumin (PV) INs inhibit PCs and are activated by local and extrinsic inputs. Thus, SOM and VIP INs exhibit complementary roles in feedback and feedforward inhibition, respectively, while PV INs contribute to both microcircuit motifs. Functionally, each IN subtype reveals unique activity patterns across fear- and extinction learning with SOM and VIP INs showing most divergent characteristics, and PV INs display an intermediate phenotype parallelling synaptic data. Finally, SOM and PV INs dynamically track behavioral state transitions across learning. These data provide insight into the synaptic microcircuit organization-function relationships of distinct BLA IN classes.