bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The chromatin remodeling factor SRCAP modulates expression of prostate specific antigen and cellular proliferation in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Slupianek Artur , Yerrum Smitha , Safadi Fayez F. , Monroy M. Alexandra 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe SNF2‐related CBP activator protein (SRCAP) serves as a coactivator for several nuclear receptors including the androgen receptor (AR). SRCAP is an ATPase that is the core subunit of a large multiprotein complex and was shown to incorporate the histone variant H2A.Z into nucleosomes. In this report, we demonstrate that SRCAP is expressed in the epithelium of normal prostate and in prostate carcinoma cells, and is associated with AR in the nucleus. Using transient transfection assays we demonstrate that SRCAP activates hormone‐dependent transcription of the androgen responsive, prostate specific antigen (PSA)‐Luciferase reporter gene in human prostate cells. The in vivo occupancy of SRCAP at the endogenous PSA promoter is demonstrated using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. ShRNA mediated knockdown of SRCAP resulted in decreased H2A.Z binding at the enhancer region of the PSA promoter and decreased expression of PSA in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, inhibition of SRCAP expression significantly inhibited androgen dependent prostate cancer cell growth. These data identify SRCAP as a physiologically relevant mediator of PSA expression, and demonstrate that SRCAP plays a role in prostate cancer cell proliferation. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 369–375, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hereditary inclusion body myopathy: single patient response to GNE gene Lipoplex therapy
Authors: Nemunaitis Gregory , Maples Phillip B. , Jay Chris , Gahl William A. , Huizing Marjan , Poling Justin , Tong Alex W. , Phadke Anagha P. , Pappen Beena O. , Bedell Cynthia , Templeton Nancy S. , Kuhn Joseph , Senzer Neil , Nemunaitis John 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundHereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM) is an autosomal recessive adult onset myopathy. It is characterized by mutations of the GNE (UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine 2‐epimerase/N‐acetylmannosamine kinase) gene. Afflicted patients have no therapeutic options. In preclinical testing, we have previously demonstrated the ability to correct GNE gene function and the safety of delivery of wild type GNE gene using a liposomal delivery vehicle.MethodsA single patient (subject #001) with severe HIBM treated by compassionate investigational new drug received four doses of GNE gene Lipoplex via intramuscular injection. GNE transgene expression, downstream induction of sialic acid, safety and muscle function were evaluated.ResultsSignificant durable improvement in locoregional skeletal muscle function was observed in the injected left extensor carpi radialis longus of #001 in correlation with GNE transgene upregulation and local induction of sialic acid. Other than transient low grade fever and pain at the injection site, no significant toxicity was observed.ConclusionsProof of principle for manufacturing of ‘clinical grade’ GNE gene Lipoplex, clinical safety and activity are demonstrated with GNE gene Lipoplex. Further assessment will involve intravenous administration and subsequent phase I trial involving additional but less severely afflicted HIBM patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unplugged!: An analysis of agricultural biotechnology PPPs in Kenya
Authors: Muraguri Lois 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe last two decades have seen an increase in the formation of public private partnerships (PPPs) in agricultural biotechnology generally. This article presents a normative understanding of the genesis of PPPs and how they should behave. It examines agricultural biotechnology PPPs in Kenya and argues that they do not reflect the theory particularly with regard to the drivers of the partnerships. These PPPs owe their formation and execution to factors outside the partnerships. These exogenous factors are inappropriate and are in part responsible for the PPPs' limited effect in meeting food security related objectives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experts to the rescue? An analysis of the role of experts in biotechnology regulation in Kenya
Authors: Kingiri Ann Njoki 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe biotechnology sector attracts a wide range of interested actors with some getting entangled in the development of requisite regulatory systems as experts in the virtue of being knowledge suppliers and innovation drivers. However, questions have arisen as to whether experts enhance or constrain the evolution of regulatory structures for management of biotechnology as part of its broader governance. This has direct impact on biotechnology development based on the roles played by different governance actors. Using a dynamic case study of Kenya in its effort to institute a viable regulatory system to govern biotechnology, this paper explores the role of experts in regulating innovations. It draws insights from the Kenyan experience with a view of evaluating how the role of experts, in particular the scientific community can spur positive contributions towards pro‐innovation and pro‐poor biotechnology policy processes. This recontextualised role of experts is explored from the perspective of knowledge use and how it is linked to development. This is because of the tension between undisputed role of biotechnology as an economic driver and the political nature of biotechnology regulation in the African context. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Science communication in Sub‐Saharan AFrica: The case of GMOs
Authors: Outram Simon M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe following paper discusses the importance of establishing communication channels between academia, the media, and the public with respect to the development of biotechnology within Sub‐Saharan Africa. Citing evidence from interviews with specialists in genetic science, science journalism and public education, the paper reflects on the problems associated with developing multidisciplinary discussion within academic circles, communication between natural scientists and the media, and ultimately the exchange of knowledge between science and society. The major findings from these interviews is that while there is a shared objective and realisation that science communication is important for the development of the region, this objective is hampered by a lack of understanding and trust between scientists and the scientific media. A pattern of mistrust has developed whereby local experts tend to talk to journalists from outside the region rather than from Africa. As a result, there is little opportunity for scientists and the media to communicate the relevance of genetics and biotechnology for the region's development. By way of conclusion, the paper discusses the positive indicators for science communication across the region, based on demand for knowledge, empowerment of scientists and the public, and the urgency of the regional food crisis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alone or together? Can cross‐national convergence of biosafety systems contribute to food security in SSA?
Authors: Mugwagwa Julius T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe quest for effective mechanisms to regulate modern biotechnology has elicited policy responses at various levels the world over, with the main multilateral framework being the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. Countries in Sub‐Saharan Africa are at various levels towards developing and implementing domestic frameworks that comply with this Protocol. In addition, several efforts have been made towards regional cooperation in biosafety. After tracing the motivations and imperatives behind these efforts, the challenges and successes met, this paper proposes anchoring the regional cooperation agenda on food security if a consistent and unifying cross‐national biotechnology governance framework is to emerge. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing capacity for agricultural market chain innovation: Experience with the ‘PMCA’ in Uganda
Authors: Horton Douglas , Akello Beatrice , Aliguma Lucy , Bernet Thomas , Devaux Andre , Lemaga Berga , Magala Damalie , Mayanja Sarah , Sekitto Immaculate , Thiele Graham , Velasco Claudio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA) was developed originally to foster pro‐poor innovation in potato market chains in the Andean highlands of South America. After promising results in Peru and Bolivia, two questions emerged: (1) Could the PMCA be successfully used to stimulate innovation outside the Andes and in other commodity chains? (2) What would it take to successfully introduce and apply the PMCA in a new setting? The first test application of the approach outside of the Andes was in Uganda. This paper outlines how the PMCA was developed in the Andes and its main features. It then describes the strategies used to introduce the PMCA to Uganda and some of the results to date. The Ugandan experience indicates that the PMCA can, in fact, stimulate technological and institutional innovation in locally relevant agricultural commodity chains in Africa. Since the PMCA requires researchers and development professionals to work in new ways with diverse stakeholders, including not only small farmers but also market agents and policy makers, its successful introduction requires an intensive capacity‐development process that fosters the development of social networks, changes in attitudes, and the acquisition of social as well as technical knowledge and skills. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Springtime coupled modes of regional wind in the Iberian Peninsula and large‐scale variability patterns
Authors: Martín M. L. , Valero F. , Morata A. , Luna M. Y. , Pascual A. , Santos‐Muñoz D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationships between the Global Circulation Model (GCM)‐simulated 1000 hPa geopotential heights (taken from the ERA40 reanalysis) over the North Atlantic and the regional wind over the Iberian Peninsula for springtime (March to May). The main goal is to recognize the atmospheric circulation patterns linked to wind anomaly configurations. The method used for the downscaling is singular value decomposition (SVD). After applying a Monte Carlo approach to assess the statistical significance of the obtained modes, the SVD analysis highlighted that the covariability is dominated by three main large‐scale features of the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic: (1) a first mode that relates local wind to the Scandinavian pattern (SCAN), by which a blocking pattern is linked to below‐normal winds, (2) a second covariability mode associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern that correlates with wind over Iberia. An enhanced spring NAO pattern is related to positive (negative) wind correlations over the northern (southern) Iberia and (3) a third SVD mode that relates wind to the East Atlantic (EA) pattern promoting a dissimilar behaviour in the Iberian wind with positive (negative) wind correlations in the western (eastern) part of Iberia. To conclude, composite maps were built up to give an average circulation associated with coherent wind variability over Iberia. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Synoptic conditions of the occurrence of snow cover in central European lowlands
Authors: Bednorz Ewa 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn the central European lowlands, snowiness increases meridionally from the south to the north and latitudinally from the west to the east. Taking into account the spatial variability in the occurrence of snow cover, four regions of snow cover were distinguished using the principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, circulation patterns responsible for intense snowfalls and persistence of snow in each region were analysed. Composite maps of the sea level pressure (SLP) and 500‐hPa geopotential height means and anomalies were constructed for the days on which snow depth increased by ≥ 5 cm and for days on which the snow cover lasted for at least 3 days. Contour maps show negative anomalies of SLP and 500‐hPa heights over central Europe, associated with organized low‐pressure systems. The lows may differ in the intensity and localization, depending on the region. In the south‐western part of central Europe, heavy snowfalls usually appear as a result of cold‐air fronts in the colder parts of Mediterranean cyclones, the centres of which are often situated over the Italian Peninsula. Another typical location of cyclones or troughs of low pressure causing heavy snowfalls is the Baltic Sea region, where meteorological fronts appear quite frequently. Such a location of cyclonic systems causes snowfalls particularly frequently in the most snowy north‐western part of central Europe. The cyclonic activity over the continent that brings snowfalls is simultaneous to the weakening of Icelandic Low and significant positive SLP anomalies over the north Atlantic. The persistence of snow cover in the central European lowlands is possible under the positive anomalies of SLP over most of the continent, except for its south‐western part where weak negative anomalies are observed. At the same time, positive anomalies of 500‐hPa geopotential heights appear over the northern Atlantic and Scandinavia. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Hydrological impacts of land use/land cover change in a large river basin in central–northern Thailand
Authors: Petchprayoon Pakorn , Blanken Peter D. , Ekkawatpanit Chaiwat , Hussein Khalid 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine the hydrological impacts of land use/land cover (LULC) change in the Yom watershed in central–northern Thailand over a 15‐year period using an integration of remote sensing, Geographic Information System, statistical methods, and hydrological modelling. The LULC changes showed an expansion of urban areas by 132% (from 210 km2 in 1990 to 488 km2 in 2006). The Yom River's daily discharge long‐term trend significantly increased at most of the measurement stations (p value < 0.05), and the rate of increase in discharge at areas downstream of the rapid urbanisation was significantly greater than that at areas upstream. There were no significant long‐term trends in precipitation characteristics in the basin, except for one station. The rate of change in discharge after changes in LULC showed a systematic increase over a range from 0.0039 to 0.0180 m3 s−1 day−1 over a 15‐year period, with the increase in urbanised area spanning a range from 81 to 149% in two flood‐prone provinces. A rainfall‐runoff model simulated a small increase (∼10%) in peak flows. The coupling of surface observations, remote sensing, and rainfall‐runoff modeling demonstrated the impacts of changes in LULC on peak river discharge, hence flooding behaviour, of a major river in central–northern Thailand. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Temperature and surface lapse rate change: a study of the UK's longest upland instrumental record
Authors: Holden Joseph , Rose Robert 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA homogenized 76‐year daily‐mean temperature series is presented for Moor House, an upland peatland meteorological station in northern England, which provides the longest instrumental temperature record in the UK uplands. This paper assesses trends in the temperature record over time compared to the nearby lowland temperature record at Durham. Overall warming for 1991–2006 compared with 1931–1960 and 1961–1990 was approximately the same at the upland site (0.53 °C and 0.73 °C for the two time periods, respectively) as at Durham (0.61 °C and 0.71 °C), maintaining a similar lapse rate. However, winter warming is dominant at Moor House and more pronounced and concentrated over a shorter period than at Durham; summer warming is more prominent at Durham. Therefore, seasonal lapse rates have changed and become more divergent between winter and summer half‐years. Rather than changes in the dominance of particular air‐masses over the study area accounting for seasonal lapse rate changes, there had been significant steepening of lapse rates over time for some air flow types. Minimum temperatures have increased more than maximum temperatures at Moor House with a consequent significant reduction in diurnal range. At Durham minimum and maximum temperatures have changed in approximate tandem so that there is no significant change in diurnal temperature range. The frequency of air frosts reduced by approximately 23% (from 129 days per year to 99) at Moor House from 1991–2006 compared to 1953–1980, and this may have major implications for the functioning of terrestrial and aquatic systems in the region. These results demonstrate that while overall annual warming in the uplands and lowlands within particular regions may be similar, even where annual lapse rates have been maintained, the seasonal distribution of that warming may be quite different even over short distances and so lowland records are not a reliable indicator of regional upland temperature change. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Cenozoic uplift of southwest England
Authors: Westaway Rob 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe uplift history of southwest England is inferred using a composite dataset including marine and fluvial terraces and karstic data. The estimated post‐Mid‐Pliocene uplift increases eastward from ∼130 m in west Cornwall and ∼135 m in south Devon to ∼150 m in the Hampshire Basin. The post‐Early‐Pleistocene uplift likewise increases eastward, from ∼55 m in west Cornwall to ∼60 m in south Devon and ∼80 m in Hampshire. Landscape and thermochronological evidence also indicates Eocene uplift, caused by the British Tertiary Igneous Province magmatism; this component tapers eastward from ∼300 m in west Cornwall to ∼50 m in south Devon, with subsidence in east Devon. This uplift accompanied magmatic underplating; the mafic layer added to the basal crust thins eastward from ∼6 km in west Cornwall to ∼2 km in south Devon, evidently tapering to zero farther east. The laterally variable crustal properties caused by this variation in underplating have affected the post‐Mid‐Pliocene uplift; the study region is thus intermediate, in terms of crustal strength and landscape evolution, between central‐southern England, with no underplating, and Ireland, where ∼10 km thick underplating has resulted in extreme Late Cenozoic landscape stability. The Eocene mantle‐plume‐related uplift is distinct from the post‐Mid‐Pliocene phase which, the modelling indicates, has been driven by surface processes and, thus, by climate change. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of two pairs of 16th century Nanbam folding screens by Raman, EDXRF and FTIR spectroscopies
Authors: Pessanha Sofia , Carvalho Maria Luisa , Cabaço Maria Isabel , Valadas Sara , Bruneel Jean‐Luc , Besnard Marcel , Ribeiro Maria Isabel 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo pairs of hand‐painted Japanese folding screens were analyzed by Raman, energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, in order to characterize the materials used in their production. Japanese folding screens, called byobu, are one of the oldest and most highly refined forms of Japanese art, where paper and silk were used as materials for the artists to paint on. The two pairs of folding screens studied in this work also exhibit a golden background to create a luminous effect. These screens depict some of the Portuguese who arrived to Japan during the 16th century, initiating active commercial and cultural exchange between Japan and the West, called the Nanban Trade. Nowadays, only about 60 examples of this Namban genre remain, so the study of these two pairs is of utmost importance to the knowledge of this precious craft. The materials identified, such as gold, silver, malachite, azurite, vermillion, red lead, red madder, yellow ochre, white oyster shell, and carbon black, are part of the traditional Japanese palette. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural investigation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides by mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Banoub Joseph H. , Aneed Anas El , Cohen Alejandro M. , Joly Nicolas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMass spectrometric studies are now playing a leading role in the elucidation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structures through the characterization of antigenic polysaccharides, core oligosaccharides and lipid A components including LPS genetic modifications. The conventional MS and MS/MS analyses together with CID fragmentation provide additional structural information complementary to the previous analytical experiments, and thus contribute to an integrated strategy for the simultaneous characterization and correct sequencing of the carbohydrate moiety. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:606–650, 2010
The effect of supporting a surgeon's wrist on their hand tremor
Authors: Coulson Chris J. , Slack Paul S. , Ma Xianghong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground. Operative tremor can greatly influence the outcome of certain, precise, microsurgical operations. Reducing a surgeons tremor may not only improve the operative results but decrease the operative time. Previous studies have only measured uni or bi directional tremor and therefore have been unable to calculate both the overall tremor amplitude and the tremor reduction by resting the wrists. Materials and methods. We measured the tremor of 21 neurologically normal volunteers while performing a micromanipulation task, with and without wrist support. Measurements were acquired in three dimensions using three accelerometers attached to the hand, allowing an overall tremor amplitude to be calculated. Results. Resting the wrist on a gelled surface decreases an individuals tremor by a factor of 2.67 (P = 0). Conclusions. Supporting the wrists significantly decreases the amplitude of the tremor. Surgeons should consider using wrist supports when performing parts of operations which necessitate a high degree of accuracy. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:565–568, 2010.
Regulation of H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 during early porcine embryonic development
Authors: Gao Yu , Hyttel Poul , Hall Vanessa Jane 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe epigenetic marks H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 are important repressive and permissive histone modifications, respectively, which are involved in gene regulation such as Hox gene expression during embryonic development. In this study, we investigated the global levels of these two histone modifications. We also investigated the expression of H3K27me3's methyltransferase (EZH2), EZH2 co‐factors (EED and SUZ12) and demethylases (JMJD3 and UTX), as well as H3K4me3's methylases (ASH1L and MLL1) and demethylase (RBP2) in porcine pre‐implantation embryos. In addition, the expression of Hox genes, HOXA2, HOXA3, HOXA7, HOXA10, HOXB4, HOXB7, HOXC8, HOXD8, and HOXD10 was investigated. We found that global levels of H3K27me3 decreased from the 1‐ to the 4‐cell stage, corresponding to the time of major embryonic genome activation. Subsequently, the levels increased in hatched blastocysts, particularly in the trophectoderm. The expression levels of EZH2, EED, SUZ12, JMJD3, and UTX correlated well with these findings. The global levels of H3K4me3 decreased from the 1‐cell to the morula stage and increased in hatched blastocysts, especially in trophectoderm. A peak in expression of ASH1L was seen at the 4‐cell stage, but overall, expression of ASH1L, MLL1, and RBP2 correlated poorly with H3K4me3. HOXA3, A7, and B4 were expressed in 4‐cell embryos, and HOXA7, A10, B4, and D8 were expressed in hatched blastocysts, and did not correlate well to global methylation of H3K27me3 or H3K4me3. Thus, H3K4me3 may play a role in early porcine embryonic genome activation, whereas, H3K27me3 may be involved in initial cell lineage segregation in the blastocyst. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 540–549, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.