bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of FAEEs from glycerol in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae using endogenously produced ethanol by heterologous expression of an unspecific bacterial acyltransferase
Authors: Yu Kyung Ok , Jung Ju , Kim Seung Wook , Park Chul Hwan , Han Sung Ok 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe high price of petroleum‐based diesel fuel has led to the development of alternative fuels, such as ethanol. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was metabolically engineered to utilize glycerol as a substrate for ethanol production. For the synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) by engineered S. cerevisiae that utilize glycerol as substrate, heterologous expression of an unspecific acyltransferase from Acinetobacter baylyi with glycerol utilizing genes was established. As a result, the engineered YPH499 (pGcyaDak, pGupWs‐DgaTCas) strain produced 0.24 g/L FAEEs using endogenous ethanol produced from glycerol. And this study also demonstrated the possibility of increasing FAEE production by enhancing ethanol production by minimizing the synthesis of glycerol. The overall FAEE production in strain YPH499 fps1Δ gpd2Δ (pGcyaDak, pGupWs‐DgaTCas) was 2.1‐fold more than in YPH499 (pGcyaDak, pGupWs‐DgaTCas), with approximately 0.52 g/L FAEEs produced, while nearly 17 g/L of glycerol was consumed. These results clearly indicated that FAEEs were synthesized in engineered S. cerevisiae by esterifying exogenous fatty acids with endogenously produced ethanol from glycerol. This microbial system acts as a platform in applying metabolic engineering that allows the production of FAEEs from cheap and abundant substrates specifically glycerol through the use of endogenous bioethanol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 110–115. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Putting cells under pressure: A simple and efficient way to enhance the productivity of medium‐chain‐length polyhydroxyalkanoate in processes with Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Follonier Stéphanie , Henes Bernhard , Panke Sven , Zinn Manfred 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe success of bioprocess implementation relies on the ability to achieve high volumetric productivities and requires working with high‐cell‐density cultivations. Elevated atmospheric pressure might constitute a promising tool for enhancing the oxygen transfer rate (OTR), the major growth‐limiting factor for such cultivations. However, elevated pressure and its effects on the cellular environment also represent a potential source of stress for bacteria and may have negative effects on product formation. In order to determine whether elevated pressure can be applied for enhancing productivity in the case of medium‐chain‐length polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl‐PHA) production by Pseudomonas putida KT2440, the impact of a pressure of 7 bar on the cell physiology was assessed. It was established that cell growth was not inhibited by this pressure if dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) and dissolved carbon dioxide tension (DCT) were kept below ∼30 and ∼90 mg L−1, respectively. Remarkably, a little increase of mcl‐PHA volumetric productivity was observed under elevated pressure. Furthermore, the effect of DCT, which can reach substantial levels during high‐cell‐density processes run under elevated pressure, was investigated on cell physiology. A negative effect on product formation could be dismissed since no significant reduction of mcl‐PHA content occurred up to a DCT of ∼540 mg L−1. However, specific growth rate exhibited a significant decrease, indicating that successful high‐cell‐density processes under elevated pressure would be restricted to chemostats with low dilution rates and fed‐batches with a small growth rate imposed during the final part. This study revealed that elevated pressure is an adequate and efficient way to enhance OTR and mcl‐PHA productivity. We estimate that the oxygen provided to the culture broth under elevated pressure would be sufficient to triple mcl‐PHA productivity in our chemostat system from 3.4 (at 1 bar) to 11 g L−1 h−1 (at 3.2 bar). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:451–461. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self-expanding metallic stents for large bowel obstruction
Authors: Mackay C D , Craig W , Hussey J K , Loudon M A 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
Self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) may relieve colonic obstruction as definitive therapy or as a bridge to elective surgery.

Methods
This was a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of patients undergoing insertion of SEMS for large bowel obstruction at one institution. Scrutiny of the radiology department's coding system allowed identification of all patients undergoing colonic stent insertion between 2002 and 2008. Data were extracted from patient case notes and investigation reports.

Results
Eighty-two patients with a median age of 75 (interquartile range (i.q.r.) 43–94) years underwent stent insertion, 71 for palliation and 11 as a bridge to surgery. Obstruction was due to malignant disease in 67 patients and had a benign cause in 15. Median survival in the palliative setting was 103 (i.q.r. 44–317) days. Complications occurred in 43 patients, of whom 22 underwent unplanned surgery. High-grade obstruction (relative risk (RR) 2·05; P = 0·055) and benign disease (RR 3·45; P &lt; 0·001) were associated with risk of adverse events.

Conclusion
SEMS should not be used for large bowel obstruction with benign pathology.
Survival and prognostic factors in patients with small bowel carcinoid tumour
Authors: Landerholm K , Zar N , Andersson R E , Falkmer S E , Järhult J 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
Previous studies of small bowel carcinoid tumours usually presented overall or relative survival. This study, in addition, evaluated disease-specific survival in a cohort of patients in a geographically defined population.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with carcinoid of the jejunum or ileum in Jönköping County between 1960 and 2005 were eligible for inclusion. Available tumour specimens were re-examined to confirm the diagnosis. Medical records and pathology reports were reviewed in detail.

Results
A total of 145 patients were included in the study. One hundred and thirty-five patients underwent surgery in connection with the diagnosis. Resection was considered complete (R0) in 74 patients (54·8 per cent). Only two localized tumours recurred, whereas no patient with distant metastases was cured. Patients with regional metastases who underwent R0 resection had a better survival than patients with incomplete resection (P = 0·005), and a majority of patients remained recurrence-free. Median overall survival was 7·2 years and median disease-specific survival 12·3 years. In multivariable analysis, age 61–74 years (hazard ratio (HR) 3·78, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·86 to 7·68), age 75 years or more (HR 3·96, 1·79 to 8·74), distant metastases (HR 14·44, 1·59 to 131·36) and incomplete tumour resection (HR 2·71, 1·11 to 6·61) were associated with worse disease-specific survival. Later time period of diagnosis (HR 0·45, 0·24 to 0·84) was associated with better disease-specific survival.

Conclusion
Age, disease stage and complete resection were identified as independent prognostic factors for survival in patients with small bowel carcinoid tumours. The importance of achieving R0 resection is therefore emphasized.
Impact of breast surgery on survival in women presenting with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Pathy N Bhoo , Verkooijen H M , Taib N A , Hartman M , Yip C H 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
Advanced breast cancer is common in less affluent parts of Asia. The impact of breast surgery on survival of women presenting with metastatic breast cancer in this setting was investigated.

Methods
Women presenting with metastatic breast cancer at the initial diagnosis at the University Malaya Medical Centre (Malaysia) between 1993 and 2008 were included in the study. Mortality of patients who had primary breast surgery was compared with that of those without surgery, and adjusted for possible confounders by means of a propensity score.

Results
Of 3689 patients, 375 (10·2 per cent) presented with metastatic disease. One hundred and thirty-nine patients (37·1 per cent) underwent surgery. A total of 330 deaths occurred during 6814 person-months of follow-up. The 2-year survival rate was 21·2 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 15·9 to 26·5) per cent in women who did not have surgery and 46·3 (37·7 to 54·9) per cent in those who had breast surgery. Breast surgery was associated with a 28 per cent lower risk of death (hazard ratio 0·72, 95 per cent c.i. 0·56 to 0·94), after adjustment for patient and tumour characteristics, metastatic profile and treatment.

Conclusion
Surgical resection of the primary breast tumour was independently associated with a survival advantage in patients presenting with metastatic breast cancer.
Persisting or Withdrawing? An Insight into the Psychosocial Processes Underlying Sustained Engagement
Authors: Mannarini Terri , Fedi Angela 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe study explored the roles of commitment, emotional stress, and interpersonal relationships in sustaining individuals' engagement in collective action. Two collective action cases, differing in duration, issue, and territorial rootedness, were analyzed. The processes underlying sustained engagement were probed in 32 semistructured interviews conducted with antiglobalization activists (N = 13) and opponents to a high‐speed railroad (N = 19). Our findings showed that collective action can be stressful, but that there are proximal and distal factors that can counterbalance the disruption and sustain engagement. The proximal factors are embedded in the circumstances of involvement, and these factors concern interpersonal relationships, organizational mechanisms, and the psychological interface between the individuals and the concrete collective action environment. The distal factors are related partly to the individual and partly to the broader community from which the individual absorbs general values and norms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sponge Biosilica Formation Involves Syneresis Following Polycondensation in vivo
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Schröder Heinz C. , Brandt David , Wiens Matthias , Lieberwirth Ingo , Glasser Gunnar , Schloßmacher Ute , Wang Shunfeng , Müller Werner E. G. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSyneresis is a process observed during the maturation/aging of silica gels obtained by sol–gel synthesis that results in shrinkage and expulsion of water due to a rearrangement and increase in the number of bridging siloxane bonds. Here we describe how the process of biosilica deposition during spicule (“biosilica” skeleton of the siliceous sponges) formation involves a phase of syneresis that occurs after the enzyme‐mediated polycondensation reaction. Primmorphs from the demosponge Suberites domuncula were used to study syneresis and the inhibition of this mechanism. We showed by scanning electron microscopy that spicules added to primmorphs that have been incubated with manganese sulfate fuse together through the deposition of silica spheres and bridges. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray mapping of the newly formed deposits showed high silicon and oxygen content. These biosilica deposits contain a comparably higher percentage of water than mature/aged spicules. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that the addition of silicate to primmorph cultures resulted in a marked upregulation of the expression of the aquaporin gene and of the genes encoding the silica anabolic enzyme silicatein‐α and the silica catabolic enzyme silicase. On the other hand, addition of manganese sulfate, either alone or together with silicate, caused a strong reduction in the level of aquaporin transcripts, although this metal ion did not essentially affect the silicate‐induced increase in silicatein‐α and silicase gene expression. We conclude that the secondary silica deposits formed on spicules under physiological conditions in the presence of silicate fuse together and subsequently undergo syneresis, which is facilitated by the removal of water through aquaporin channels. In growing spicules, these processes of biosilica formation and syneresis in the lamellar monolithic structures precede the final step of “biosintering” during which the massive biosilica rods of the spicules are formed.
Trigeminal and telencephalic projections to jaw and other upper vocal tract premotor neurons in songbirds: Sensorimotor circuitry for beak movements during singing
Authors: Wild J.M. , Krützfeldt N.E.O. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDuring singing in songbirds, the extent of beak opening, like the extent of mouth opening in human singers, is partially correlated with the fundamental frequency of the sounds emitted. Since song in songbirds is under the control of “the song system” (a collection of interconnected forebrain nuclei dedicated to the learning and production of song), it might be expected that beak movements during singing would also be controlled by this system. However, direct neural connections between the telencephalic output of the song system and beak muscle motor neurons in the brainstem are conspicuous by their absence, leaving unresolved the question of how beak movements are affected during singing. By using standard tract tracing methods, we sought to answer this question by defining beak premotor neurons and examining their afferent projections. In the caudal medulla, jaw premotor cell bodies were located adjacent to the terminal field of the output of the song system, into which many premotor neurons extended their dendrites. The premotor neurons also received a novel input from the trigeminal ganglion and an overlapping input from a lateral arcopallial component of a trigeminal sensorimotor circuit that traverses the forebrain. The ganglionic input in songbirds, which is not present in doves and pigeons that vocalize with a closed beak, may modulate the activity of beak premotor neurons in concert with the output of the song system. These inputs to jaw premotor neurons could, together, affect beak movements as a means of modulating filter properties of the upper vocal tract during singing. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:590–605, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reelin demarcates a subset of pre‐Bötzinger complex neurons in adult rat
Authors: Tan Wenbin , Sherman David , Turesson Jenny , Shao Xuesi M. , Janczewski Wiktor A. , Feldman Jack L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIdentification of two markers of neurons in the pre‐Bötzinger complex (pre‐BötC), the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) and somatostatin (Sst) peptide, has been of great utility in understanding the essential role of the pre‐BötC in breathing. Recently, the transcription factor dbx1 was identified as a critical, but transient, determinant of glutamatergic pre‐BötC neurons. Here, to identify additional markers, we constructed and screened a single‐cell subtractive cDNA library from pre‐BötC inspiratory neurons. We identified the glycoprotein reelin as a potentially useful marker, because it is expressed in distinct populations of pre‐BötC and inspiratory bulbospinal ventral respiratory group (ibsVRG) neurons. Reelin ibsVRG neurons were larger (27.1 ± 3.8 μm in diameter) and located more caudally (>12.8 mm caudal to Bregma) than reelin pre‐BötC neurons (15.5 ± 2.4 μm in diameter, <12.8 mm rostral to Bregma). Pre‐BötC reelin neurons coexpress NK1R and Sst. Reelin neurons were also found in the parahypoglossal and dorsal parafacial regions, pontine respiratory group, and ventromedial medulla. Reelin‐deficient (Reeler) mice exhibited impaired respones to hypoxia compared with littermate controls. We suggest that reelin is a useful molecular marker for pre‐BötC neurons in adult rodents and may play a functional role in pre‐BötC microcircuits. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:606–619, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subdivisions of the adult zebrafish subpallium by molecular marker analysis
Authors: Ganz Julia , Kaslin Jan , Freudenreich Dorian , Machate Anja , Geffarth Michaela , Brand Michael 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe morphology of the telencephalon displays great diversity among different vertebrate lineages. Particularly the everted telencephalon of ray‐finned fishes shows a noticeably different morphology from the evaginated telencephalon of nonray‐finned fishes and other vertebrates. This makes the comparison between the different parts of the telencephalon of ray‐finned fishes and other vertebrates difficult. Based on neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and connectional data no consensus on the subdivisions of the adult telencephalon of ray‐finned fishes and their relation to nuclei in the telencephalon of other vertebrates has been reached yet. For tetrapods, comparative expression pattern analysis of homologous developmental genes has been a successful approach to clarify homologies between different parts of the telencephalon. In the larval zebrafish, subdivisions of the subpallium have been proposed using conserved developmental gene expression. In this study, we investigate the subdivisions of the adult zebrafish telencephalon by analyzing the expression pattern of conserved molecular marker genes. We identify the boundary between the pallium and subpallium based on the complementary expression of dlx2a, dlx5a in the subpallium and tbr1, neurod in the pallium. Furthermore, combinatorial expression of Isl, nkx2.1b, lhx1b, tbr1, eomesa, emx1, emx2, and emx3 identifies striatal‐like, pallidal‐like, and septal‐like subdivisions within the subpallium. In contrast to previous models, we propose that the striatum and pallidum are stretched along the rostrocaudal axis of the telencephalon. Further, the septal nuclei derive from both the pallium and subpallium. On this basis, we present a new model for the subdivisions of the subpallium in teleost fish. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:633–655, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IBC‐HWMP: a novel secure identity‐based cryptography‐based scheme for Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol for IEEE 802.11s
Authors: Ben‐Othman Jalel , Saavedra Benitez Yesica I. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe IEEE P802.11s/D4.0 standard is not considered secure for the routing protocol. In this paper, we propose IBC‐HWMP, a secure Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) using identity‐based cryptography (IBC). The reason we use IBC is that it does not need to verify the authenticity of public keys. We have implemented the IBC mechanism to secure control messages in HWMP, namely path request and path reply. Our aim is to focus on secure data exchange in mutable fields. Through extensive ns‐3 simulations, results show that the overhead introduced by IBC‐HWMP is not significant compared with the classical HWMP and that, at the same time, we improve the security. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐Photon STED Spectral Determination for a New V‐Shaped Organic Fluorescent Probe with Efficient Two‐Photon Absorption
Authors: Belfield Kevin D. , Bondar Mykhailo V. , Morales Alma R. , Padilha Lazaro A. , Przhonska Olga V. , Wang Xuhua 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTwo‐photon stimulated emission depletion (STED) cross sections were determined over a broad spectral range for a novel two‐photon absorbing organic molecule, representing the first such report. The synthesis, comprehensive linear photophysical, two‐photon absorption (2PA), and stimulated emission properties of a new fluorene‐based compound, (E)‐2‐{3‐[2‐(7‐(diphenylamino)‐9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)vinyl]‐5‐methyl‐4‐oxocyclohexa‐2,5‐dienylidene} malononitrile (1), are presented. Linear spectral parameters, including excitation anisotropy and fluorescence lifetimes, were obtained over a broad range of organic solvents at room temperature. The degenerate two‐photon absorption (2PA) spectrum of 1 was determined with a combination of the direct open‐aperture Z‐scan and relative two‐photon‐induced fluorescence methods using 1 kHz femtosecond excitation. The maximum value of the 2PA cross section ∼1700 GM was observed in the main, long wavelength, one‐photon absorption band. One‐ and two‐photon stimulated emission spectra of 1 were obtained over a broad spectral range using a femtosecond pump–probe technique, resulting in relatively high two‐photon stimulated emission depletion cross sections (∼1200 GM). A potential application of 1 in bioimaging was demonstrated through one‐ and two‐photon fluorescence microscopy images of HCT 116 cells incubated with micelle‐encapsulated dye.
1,3,2‐Diselenaborolanes with an Annelated Dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12) Unit: Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Reactivity
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Klimkina Elena V. , Milius Wolfgang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractExchange reactions of 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐diselena‐2‐silacyclopentane and 2,2,3,3‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐diselena‐2,3‐disilacyclohexane, as the 4,5‐ and 5,6‐[1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborano(12)] derivatives, respectively, with boron trihalides (BCl3, BBr3, BI3) and dichlorides (PhBCl2,iPr2NBCl2) afford the corresponding 1,3,2‐diselenaborolanes in essentially quantitative yield. The products were characterized in solution by multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H,11B,13C,29Si,77Se), and for two products, in the solid state by X‐ray structural analysis. Attempts to synthesize the boron fluoride failed, and the methoxy derivative was obtained in a mixture with a decomposition product. The gas‐phase structures of all relevant products were optimized by DFT hybrid methods [RB3LYP/6‐311+G(d.p) level of theory], and NMR parameters (shielding constants and spin–spin coupling constants) were calculated. The calculated data compare well with experimental data, both for the structures and the NMR spectroscopic parameters.
Nutritive value of canola (Brassica napusL.) as affected by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
Authors: Nosheen Asia , Bano Asghari , Ullah Faizan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractComparative evaluation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria viz.Azospirillum brasilense,Azotobacter vinelandiiKhsr1 and chemical fertilizers was made on growth, protein, and oil yield as well as quality of canola (Brassica napusL.) cv. Rainbow. TheA. brasilenseandA. vinelandiiwere applied as seed inoculation at 106 cells/mL. The recommended doses of urea (150 kg/ha) and diamonium phosphate (180 kg/ha) were applied as sources of chemical fertilizers. First dose of chemical fertilizers was applied at the time of sowing while other three doses were applied at 45 days interval. The chemical fertilizers were highly effective in increasing leaf chlorophyll content, number of branches per plant, number of siliqua per branch, number of seeds per siliqua, and total seed yield.A. brasilensetreatment increased the leaf and seed protein content (32 and 21%) as well as seed size as measured by % increase in 1000 seed weight.A. vinelandiitreatment resulted in significant increase (4%) in seed oil contents but the glucosinolate and erucic acid (C22:1) contents of oil was decreased significantly. Maximum oleic acid (C18:1) content was found in seed oil ofA. vinelandiitreatment; whereas, significantly higher linolenic acid (C18:3) content was recorded inA. brasilensetreatment. It is inferred from the present investigation thatA. brasilenseandA. vinelandiicould be highly effective in improving yield and nutritive value of canola oil.