bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated pre‐morbid weights in bulimic individuals are usually surpassed post‐morbidly: Implications for perpetuation of the disorder
Authors: Shaw Jena A. , Herzog David B. , Clark Vicki L. , Berner Laura A. , Eddy Kamryn T. , Franko Debra L. , Lowe Michael R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjective:To determine how often patients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa (BN) surpass their highest pre‐morbid weight during the course of their disorder.Method:The weight histories of individuals with BN were determined using retrospective weight data (Study 1) and combined retrospective/prospective data (Study 2).Results:Retrospective analyses indicated that 59.0% (n = 46) and 61.8% (n = 110), respectively, reported that their highest weight was reached after developing BN. In Study 2, 35.3% of participants superseded their highest pre‐enrollment weights during 8 years of follow‐up, and 71.6% reached a post‐morbid highest weight before remission. Across studies, the primary difference between patients who did and did not reach their highest weight post‐morbidly was that those who did had an earlier age of onset and longer duration of BN.Discussion:Findings are discussed in terms of possible links between BN and weight‐gain proneness, weight fluctuation across the course of BN, and implications for treating BN. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Do the components of manualized family‐based treatment for anorexia nervosa predict weight gain?
Authors: Ellison Rani , Rhodes Paul , Madden Sloane , Miskovic Jane , Wallis Andrew , Baillie Andrew , Kohn Michael , Touyz Stephen 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjective:Family‐based treatment for anorexia nervosa (FBT) has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) in a number of randomized control trials (RCT). The aim of the current research was to determine whether adherence to the key components of the model as outlined in the treatment manual predict weight gain or dropout.Method:The 59 participants were under 19 years and had AN for less than 3 years. Five core treatment objectives and working alliance were measured across 20 sessions of FBT.Results:The core objectives of parents taking control, being united, not criticizing the patient and externalizing the illness predicted greater weight gain. Sibling support did not predict weight gain. The relationship between therapeutic alliance and weight gain was positive for mothers but negative for fathers. Dropout was predicted by low control and poor maternal‐therapeutic alliance.Discussion:The results of this study lend further support for the efficacy of the FBT, demonstrating that the principles guiding clinical practice are those which lead to weight gain. The finding that parental control is the central predictor of change can also support the development of augmentations to the model. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Examining associations between disordered eating and serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms
Authors: Munn‐Chernoff Melissa A. , McQueen Matthew B. , Stetler Gary L. , Haberstick Brett C. , Rhee Soo Hyun , Sobik Laura E. , Corley Robin P. , Smolen Andrew , Hewitt John K. , Stallings Michael C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjective:The serotonin system has been implicated in mood and appetite regulation, and the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) is a commonly studied candidate gene for eating pathology. However, most studies have focused on a single polymorphism (5‐HTTLPR) in SLC6A4; little research has utilized multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate associations between SLC6A4 and eating pathology more comprehensively.Method:Family‐based association tests were conducted for seven polymorphisms in or near SLC6A4, using families from the Colorado Center for Antisocial Drug Dependence. Data were available for 135 families, with phenotypic data available for female twins and female nontwin siblings. Seven items assessed two disordered eating characteristics: weight and shape concerns and behaviors (WSCB) and binge eating (BE).Results:No significant associations were found between any genetic variant and the two disordered eating characteristics.Discussion:This study suggests that utilizing polymorphisms in and near SLC6A4, including 5‐HTTLPR, may not be useful in identifying genetic risk factors for disordered eating. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Synthesis and Characterization of New Pentacoordinate Iron‐Based Aryloxide Complexes
Authors: Chérémond Yvens , Crochet Aurélien , Fromm Katharina M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHeterobimetallic lithium–iron coordination compounds are interesting targets for several reasons: they can be used as precursors for mixed metal oxides, as catalysts, for example, for ring‐opening polymerization reactions or to study oxidation/reduction processes. Finally their magnetic properties are also of interest. New heterobimetallic aryloxide complexes, namely [(thf)4Li3Fe(OPh)3(O2C6H4)Cl]2 (1), [{(thf)3Li3Fe(OPh)5Cl}3]n (2), and [(thf)3Li3Fe(OPh)6]2 (3), have been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. While compounds 1 and 3 were synthesized by an oxidative substitution reaction, compound 2 was directly obtained from the FeIII salt. These compounds are accessible by both synthetic pathways. Additionally, in compound 1, the phenoxy ligand was catalytically oxidized to ortho‐catechol, which was incorporated into the structure of 1 as a ligand that coordinates strongly to iron. All compounds feature the FeIII ion with a trigonal, bipyramidal environment, with coordination number 5.
Use of ergodic reasoning to reconstruct the historical range of variability and evolutionary trajectory of rivers
Authors: Fryirs Kirstie , Brierley Gary J. , Erskine Wayne D. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTApplications of ergodic reasoning (or location for time substitution) aid efforts at environmental reconstruction and prediction, providing a useful tool to analyse and communicate stages of landscape evolution. Analysis of the historical range of behaviour and change that a river system has experienced can be used to interpret thresholds that have been breached, and underlying controls and/or triggers for adjustment and change. This information can be used to forecast future trajectories of adjustment and provide target conditions for management activities. This paper uses a case study from upper Wollombi Brook, New South Wales, Australia to demonstrate how ergodic reasoning can be used to assess river behaviour, change and responses to natural and human‐disturbances. The ‘river evolution diagram’ developed by Brierley and Fryirs (Geomorphology and River Management: Applications of the River Styles Framework. Blackwell Publishing: Oxford, 2005) is presented as a means for depicting the range of behaviour and evolutionary variability of this river. These approaches can be readily applied in other systems. Implications for approaches to analysis of river evolution and management are outlined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Volatility and Density Prediction Performance of Alternative GARCH Models
Authors: Huang Teng‐Hao , Wang Yaw‐Huei 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThis study compares the volatility and density prediction performance of alternative GARCH models with different conditional distribution specifications. The conditional residuals are specified as normal, skewedHyphen;t or compound Poisson (jump) distribution based upon a nonlinear and asymmetric GARCH (NGARCH) model framework. The empirical results for the S&P 500 and FTSE 100 index returns suggest that the jump model outperforms all other models in terms of both volatility forecasting and density prediction. Nevertheless, the superiority of the nonHyphen;normal models is not always significant and diminished during the sample period on those occasions when volatility experiences an obvious structural change. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of attentional shift and reversal learning to functional deficits in geriatric depression
Authors: Potter Guy G. , McQuoid Douglas R. , Payne Martha E. , Taylor Warren D. , Steffens David C. 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the association between self‐reported functional disability in depressed older adults and two types of executive function processes, attentional set shifting and reversal learning.MethodsParticipants (N = 89) were aged 60 or over and enrolled in a naturalistic treatment study of major depressive disorder. Participants provided information on self‐reported function in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and completed the Intra–Extra Dimensional Set Shift test (IED) from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery, which assesses intra‐dimensional attentional shifts, extra‐dimensional attentional shifts, and reversal learning. Participants were categorized by the presence or absence of IADL difficulties and compared on IED performance using bivariable and multivariable tests.ResultsParticipants who reported IADL difficulties had more errors in extra‐dimensional attentional shifting and reversal learning, but intra‐dimensional shift errors were not associated with IADLs. Only extra‐dimensional shift errors were significant in multivariable models that controlled for age, sex, and depression severity.ConclusionsAttentional shifting across categories (i.e., extra‐dimensional) was most strongly associated with increased IADL difficulties among depressed older adults, which make interventions to improve flexible problem solving a potential target for reducing instrumental disability in this population. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Planar Chiral Phosphines Derived from [2.2]Paracyclophane
Authors: Rowlands Gareth J. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract[2.2]Paracyclophane offers an exciting framework for the synthesis of planar chiral phosphines. Its rigid structure and unusual electronic properties have led to the development of a range of mono‐ and di‐phosphines including the commercially available ligand, PhanePhos. This review discusses the synthesis and use of [2.2]paracyclophane‐based phosphines and aims to give an insight into their success and failures. It is hoped that this review will encourage the design of new planar chiral phosphines for use in transition metal‐mediated catalysis and organocatalysis.
Reinforcement of electrospun membranes using nanoscale Al2O3 whiskers for improved tissue scaffolds
Authors: Dong Zexuan , Wu Yiquan , Wang Qin , Xie Chao , Ren Yanfang , Clark Robert L 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPoly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) is a promising material for tissue engineering applications; however, it can be difficult to create scaffolds with the morphology, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties necessary to support tissue growth. Typically, pure PCL scaffolds have good cellular adhesion, but somewhat low mechanical properties (elastic modulus and tensile strength). This study addresses these issues by incorporating Al2O3 whiskers as reinforcements within PCL membranes generated by electrospinning. Membranes were prepared with Al2O3 content ranging from 1 to 20 wt % and characterized using XRD, TEM, and SEM to determine composition and morphology. The Al2O3 whiskers were well dispersed within the PCL fibers, and the membranes had a highly porous morphology. The elastic modulus was significantly improved by the well aligned whisker reinforcements as verified by tensile testing. The cell morphology and proliferation studies demonstrate Al2O3 whisker reinforced PCL scaffolds maintained the good biocompatibility. These improvements demonstrate that Al2O3 whisker reinforced PCL scaffolds can be considered as a biocompatible material for tissue engineering and dental applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
A computational model for stress reduction at the skin‐implant interface of osseointegrated prostheses
Authors: Yerneni Srinivasu , Dhaher Yasin , Kuiken Todd A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractOsseointegrated implants (OI)s for transfemoral prosthetic attachment offer amputees an alternative to the traditional socket attachment. Potential benefits include a natural transfer of loads directly to the skeleton via the percutaneous abutment, relief of pain and discomfort of residual limb soft tissues by eliminating sockets, increased sensory feedback, and improved function. Despite the benefits, the skin‐implant interface remains a critical limitation, as it is highly prone to bacterial infection. One approach to improve clinical outcomes is to minimize stress concentrations at the skin‐implant interface due to shear loading, reducing soft tissue breakdown and subsequent risk of infection. We hypothesized that broadening the bone base at the distal end of the femur would provide added surface area for skin adhesion and reduce stresses at the skin‐implant interface. We tested this hypothesis using finite element models of an OI in a residual limb. Results showed a dramatic decrease in stress reduction, with up to ∼90% decrease in stresses at the skin‐implant interface as cortical bone thickness increased from 2 to 8 mm. The findings in this study suggests that surgical techniques could stabilize the skin‐implant interface, thus enhancing a skin‐to‐bone seal around the percutaneous device and minimizing infection. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
Mussel inspired protein‐mediated surface modification to electrospun fibers and their potential biomedical applications
Authors: Xie Jingwei , Michael Praveesuda Lorwattanapongsa , Zhong Shaoping , Ma Bing , MacEwan Matthew R. , Lim Chwee Teck 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMussel inspired proteins have been demonstrated to serve as a versatile biologic adhesive with numerous applications. The present study illustrates the use of such Mussel inspired proteins (polydopamine) in the fabrication of functionalized bio‐inspired nanomaterials capable of both improving cell response and sustained delivery of model probes. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the ability of dopamine to polymerize on the surface of plasma‐treated, electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) fiber mats to form polydopamine coating. Transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated that self‐polymerization of dopamine was induced by pH shift and that the thickness of polydopamine coating was readily modulated by adjusting the concentration of dopamine and reaction time. Polydopamine coatings were noted to affect the mechanical properties of underlying fiber mats, as mechanical testing demonstrated a decrease in elasticity and increase in stiffness of polydopamine‐coated fiber mats. Polydopamine coatings were also utilized to effectively immobilize extracellular matrix proteins (i.e., fibronectin) on the surface of polydopamine‐coated, electrospun fibers, resulting in enhancement of NIH3T3 cell attachment, spreading, and cytoskeletal development. Comparison of release rates of rhodamine 6G encapsulated in coated and uncoated PCL fibers also confirmed that polydopamine coatings modulate the release rate of loaded payloads. The authors further demonstrate the significant difference of rhodamine 6G adsorption kinetics in water between PCL fibers and polydopamine‐coated PCL fibers. Taken together, polydopamine‐mediated surface modification to electrospun fibers may be an effective means of fabricating a wide range of bio‐inspired nanomaterials with unique properties for use in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and advanced biomedical applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
Mechanical stimulation of fibroblasts in micro‐channeled bacterial cellulose scaffolds enhances production of oriented collagen fibers
Authors: Martínez Héctor , Brackmann Christian , Enejder Annika , Gatenholm Paul 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCellulose perforated by micro‐channels (∅︁ ∼500 μm) has been investigated as a potential future scaffold material for meniscus implants. Scaffolds seeded with 3T6 fibroblasts were cultivated with mechanical stimulation in a compression bioreactor for enhanced collagen production. Constructs under dynamic compression at a frequency of 0.1 Hz and compression strain of 5% were compared to static cultures used as controls. The three‐dimensional distributions of collagen fibers and fibroblasts in the cellulose scaffolds were studied under native, soft‐matter conditions by combined second harmonic generation and coherent antiStokes Raman scattering microscopy, requiring no artificial sample preparation. Results showed that the micro‐channels facilitated the alignment of cells and collagen fibers and that collagen production was enhanced by mechanical stimulation. Thus, cell‐seeded, micro‐channeled cellulose scaffolds provided guided tissue growth required to obtain an ultrastructure mimicking that of the meniscus. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
SELF‐HELP GROUPS AND EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN: SELF‐SELECTION, OR ACTUAL BENEFITS?
Authors: Husain Zakir , Mukerjee Diganta , Dutta Mousumi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractResearchers argue that programmes promoting SHGs often attract women already active in the public domain (‘self‐selection effect’), excluding those most in need of assistance. This exaggerates estimates of the effects of the programme (‘programme effects’). This paper attempts to test the significance of the programme effect of SHGs by comparing empowerment levels of newly inducted and older members of SHGs, based on a survey conducted in six municipalities in West Bengal, India. Results indicate that programme effects operated only to reduce tolerance of domestic violence and enhance status of members within the household. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asking the right questions, involving the right people
Authors: Remund David 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUnderstanding to what or whom corporate communications leaders feel responsible is important in this age of rapid technological and economic change. A fast‐changing world demands self‐awareness among its leaders, particularly those who manage communications in an increasingly transparent environment. This study takes an in‐depth look at how senior practitioners in one of the most traditional leadership roles in public relations—the corporate communications leader—define responsibility and do work that is excellent in quality, socially responsible, and personally meaningful. This study is modeled after the GoodWork® protocol, initiated in 1996 by psychologist Howard Gardner and colleagues, employing Q‐sorts, personal diaries, and semistructured interviews with a purposive sample. “Asking the right questions and involving the right people” emerged as a working definition of personal responsibility, and themes of honesty/integrity, life balance, and relationships also surfaced as influential in defining what personal responsibility means in communications leadership.
Soil‐ecological evaluation of willows in a floodplain
Authors: Zimmer Dana , Baum Christel , Meissner Ralph , Leinweber Peter 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWillows (Salix spp.) were supposed to be suitable candidates for the phytoremediation of polluted floodplain soils, but it is unknown how willow growth alters concentrations and mobility of pollutants under the conditions of ongoing periodically flooding. Therefore, effects of willow cropping on total concentrations and mobility of As and heavy metals and soil microbial properties were determined after three and four growing seasons under willows in comparison to native grassland in a flood channel of a River Elbe floodplain (Central Germany). After 4 y of willow coppice, the heavy metal concentrations (mg kg–1) were increased not only in the grass control plots (final Cu 274, Pb 276, Zn 935) but also under the willows (final Cu 248, Pb 251, Zn 779) compared to the initial concentrations (initial Cu 170, Pb 156, Zn 579). This increase might likely be caused by the ongoing sedimentation by flood events. The smaller increase under willows compared to grass might be related to an initial net effect of phytoextraction. The concentrations of the mobile fractions of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn were significantly lower under willows than under grass. Higher β‐glucosidase activities under willows than under grass might indicate a starting net decomposition of organic matter. Therefore, the study of long‐term and large‐scale effects are recommend before an appropriate evaluation of willow short‐rotation coppice for phytoremediation of polluted floodplains will be established.
High‐temperature dissociation of ethyl radicals and ethyl iodide
Authors: Yang Xueliang , Tranter Robert S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe decomposition of ethyl iodide and subsequent dissociation of ethyl radicals have been investigated behind incident shock waves in a diaphragmless shock tube by laser‐schlieren (LS) densitometry (1150–1870 K, 55 ± 2 Torr and 123 ± 3 Torr). The LS density‐gradient profiles were simulated assuming that the initial dissociation of C2H5I proceeded by 87% C–I fission and 13% HI elimination. Excellent agreement was found between the simulations and experimental profiles. Rate coefficients for the C–I scission reaction were obtained and show strong falloff. Gorin model RRKM (Rice, Ramsperger, Kassel, and Marcus) calculations are in excellent agreement with the experimental data with E0 = 55.0 kcal/mol, which is in very good agreement with recent thermochemical measurements and evaluations. However, E0 is approximately 2.7 kcal/mol higher than previous estimates. First‐order rate coefficients for dissociation of C2H5I were determined to be k55Torr = 8.65 × 1068 T−16.65 exp(−37,890/T) s−1, k123Torr = 3.01 × 1069 T−16.68 exp(−38,430/T) s−1, k∞ = 2.52 × 1019 T−1.01 exp(−28,775/T) s−1. Rates of dissociation for ethyl radicals were also obtained, and these are in very good agreement with theoretical predictions (Miller J. A. and Klippenstein S. J. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004, 6, 1192–1202). The simulations show that at low temperatures ethyl radicals are consumed through recombination reactions as well as dissociation, whereas at high temperatures, dissociation dominates. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 433–443, 2012