bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Inhibitive Action of Ocimum gratissimum leaf Extract on Mild Steel Corrosion using the Ultra Violet Light
Authors: Ibeaja Adamma Chinyere E., , Ugorji Chinonso Chiagoziem, 
Published: May 2024

This study investigated on the use of Ultra violet rays to determine its effect on mildsteel coated with Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract. It was an experimental research that was carried out using two media (the acid and the base), where the HCl served as the acidic medium while NaCl served as the basic medium respectively. Two containers containing 1200mg/l concentration of each corrodent, that is, 1200mg/l of HCl and NaCl respectively were used. Four well-polished coupons having mirror image were weighed and suspended over the corrodents HCl and NaCl respectively and placed in a dark cupboard over a UV light for one week. After one week two coupons were removed weighed, snapped and discarded. The remaining two were sprayed for another one week and kept under the UV light, they were blow dried and snapped for comparism. The results obtained showed that addition of Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract synergistically increased the efficiency of the inhibitor and that the HCl corroded more than the NaCl. The result shows that there was a reduction in the weight of the coupons, indicating that the UV light had an effect on the coupons by reducing the corrosive effect. It is observed that the two coupons in the acidic medium (HCl) weighed 5.0403 before brushing and 4.7697 after brushing and after one week under the UV light, it was observed that they weighed 5.0938 and 4.6082 before and after brushing respectively. The same thing was done for the basic medium(NaCl) and the result showed the weight of the two coupons before brushing was 4.5647 and after brushing was 4.5073 respectively. After one week it was seen that the weight of the coupons before brushing was 4.8786 and after brushing was 4.7237 respectively. This shows that UV radiation also increased the inhibitor efficiency and that corrosion activation energy increased in presence of the inhibitor. There was a reduction in the weight of the coupons in both media. It is therefore recommended that a mechanism of adsorption is proposed to explain inhibition behaviour.
Molecular Sieves: Aluminophosphates
Authors: Rajic Nevenka , Kaucic Venceslav 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAluminophosphate molecular sieves exhibit structural and compositional diversity. Their frameworks can be modified by other elements, thus providing novel SAPO, MAPO, and MAPSO materials. They possess the characteristics of both zeolites and aluminophosphates all of which result in unique catalytic, ion‐exchange, and adsorbent properties. Aluminophosphate molecular sieves have been prepared hydrothermally in nonaqueous reaction media. The crystallization process depends on a number of variables including temperature, time, molar ratio of the reactants, and pH. The most commonly investigated metal ions incorporated into aluminophosphate frameworks are transition metal ions of first transition series. Different characterization techniques are used for studying their oxidation number, location, and coordination environment within aluminophosphate frameworks. These parameters, together with structural characteristics of the framework such as pore size, pore shape, and geometry, significantly affect the catalytic performance of aluminophosphate materials. Methanol to olefin conversion and oxidation reactions are instances of industrially important reaction systems where aluminophosphate molecular sieves demonstrate an important catalytic performance.
Molecular Sieves: Aluminophosphates
Authors: Rajic Nevenka , Kaucic Venceslav , Logar Natasa Zabukovec 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAluminophosphate molecular sieves exhibit structural and compositional diversity. Their frameworks can be modified by other elements, thus providing novel silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO), metaloaluminophosphate (MAPO), and metalosilicoaluminophosphate (MAPSO) materials. They possess the characteristics of both zeolites and aluminophosphates, all of which result in unique catalytic, ion‐exchange, and adsorbent properties. Aluminophosphate molecular sieves have been prepared hydrothermally in nonaqueous reaction media. The crystallization process depends on a number of variables including temperature, time, molar ratio of the reactants, and pH. The most commonly investigated metal ions incorporated into aluminophosphate frameworks are transition metal ions of first transition series. Different characterization techniques are used for studying their oxidation number, location, and coordination environment within aluminophosphate frameworks. These parameters, together with structural characteristics of the framework such as pore size, pore shape, and geometry, significantly affect the catalytic performance of aluminophosphate materials. Methanol‐to‐olefin conversion and oxidation reactions are instances of industrially important reaction systems where aluminophosphate molecular sieves demonstrate an important catalytic performance.
Multifunctional Hybrid Polymer‐Based Porous Materials
Authors: Lee Anna , Dubinsky Stanislav , Tumarkin Ethan , Moulin Mathieu , Beharry Andrew A. , Kumacheva Eugenia 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPolymer‐based porous hybrid materials (PHMs) carrying inorganic nanoparticles on the surface of pores have important applications in chemical and biological sensing, in chromatography, and in heterogeneous catalysis. This Feature Article provides an overview of the recent developments in the synthesis and fabrication of multifunctional PHMs using polymerization‐induced phase separation. Exemplary applications of a PHM coated with gold nanorods were demonstrated for the simultaneous detection of different analytes using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy.
Sub‐Micrometer Patterning of Amorphous‐ and β‐Phase in a Crosslinkable Poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene): Dual‐Wavelength Lasing from a Mixed‐Morphology Device
Authors: Kuehne Alexander J. C. , Kaiser Markus , Mackintosh Allan R. , Wallikewitz Bodo H. , Hertel Dirk , Pethrick Richard A. , Meerholz Klaus 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe metastable β‐phase morphology, inherent to most polyfluorene homo‐polymers, is of interest due to its superior optical and electrical characteristics compared to its amorphous analogue. Here, a polyfluorene with vinyl‐ether‐functionalized aliphatic side‐chains that allow crosslinking is reported. It is demonstrated that the previously induced conformational morphology is preserved in the resulting polyfluorene network, which enables subsequent wet thin‐film processing. Electron‐beam lithography provides a means for sub‐(optical)‐wavelength patterning of the crosslinkable polyfluorene films. As a specific demonstration, optically‐pumped distributed‐feedback (DFB) lasers made from surface‐relief gratings in amorphous and β‐phase polyfluorene are presented. By backfilling gratings of one morphology by the other, devices are demonstrated that exhibit lasing at two wavelengths with a threshold (<1 μJ cm−2) at least an order of magnitude lower compared with previous data.
Craniorachischisis and omphalocele in a stillborn cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Moore Charleen M. , Dick Edward J. , Hubbard Gene B. , Gardner Stephanie M. , Dunn Betty G. , Brothman Arthur R. , Williams Vick , Prajapati Suresh I. , Keller Charles , Davis Michael D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNonhuman primates have been a common animal model to evaluate experimentally induced malformations. Reports on spontaneous malformations are important in determining the background incidence of congenital anomalies in specific species and in evaluating experimental results. Here we report on a stillborn cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) with multiple congenital anomalies from the colony maintained at the Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas. Physical findings included low birth weight, craniorachischisis, facial abnormalities, omphalocele, malrotation of the gut with areas of atresia and intussusception, a Meckel diverticulum, arthrogryposis, patent ductus arteriosus, and patent foramen ovale. The macaque had normal male external genitalia, but undescended testes. Gestational age was unknown but was estimated from measurements of the limbs and other developmental criteria. Although cytogenetic analysis was not possible due to the tissues being in an advanced state of decomposition, array Comparative Genomic Hybridization analysis using human bacterial artificial chromosome clones was successful in effectively eliminating aneuploidy or any copy number changes greater than approximately 3–5 Mb as a cause of the malformations. Further evaluation of the animal included extensive imaging of the skeletal and neural tissue defects. The animal's congenital anomalies are discussed in relation to the current hypotheses attempting to explain the frequent association of neural tube defects with other abnormalities. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toriello‐Carey syndrome with a 6Mb interstitial deletion at 22q12 detected by array CGH
Authors: Said Edith , Cuschieri Alfred , Vermeesch Joris , Fryns Jean Pierre 
Published: May 2011

AbstractToriello–Carey syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomaly syndrome comprising agenesis of the corpus callosum, telecanthus, short palpebral fissures, abnormal ears, Pierre Robin sequence, and cardiac anomaly. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been hypothesized and chromosome abnormalities have been reported. The present case is a girl with agenesis of the corpus callosum, a large cleft palate, telecanthus, hypertelorism, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus. A routine karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization subtelomeric analysis were normal. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) identified a de novo 6 Mb interstitial deletion at 22q12.1 → 22q12.2. These findings support recent findings of chromosomal abnormalities in patients with the Toriello–Carey phenotype. We suggest that the clinical features described in some cases with Toriello–Carey syndrome might be due to cryptic chromosomal rearrangements and that array CGH should be considered in any case presenting with clinical features of Toriello–Carey. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The smallest teeth in the world are caused by mutations in the PCNT gene
Authors: Kantaputra Piranit , Tanpaiboon Pranoot , Porntaveetus Thantrira , Ohazama Atsushi , Sharpe Paul , Rauch Anita , Hussadaloy Atiwat , Thiel Christian T. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report a follow up study on two MOPD II Thai families with severe dental anomalies and hypoplastic alveolar bone. Striking dental anomalies comprise severe microdontia, opalescent and abnormally shaped teeth, and rootless molars. As a result of severe hypoplastic alveolar bone, most permanent teeth have been lost. Mutation analysis of PCNT revealed 2 novel mutations (p.Lys3154del and p.Glu1154X) and a recurrent mutation (p.Pro1923X). Teeth of the patient who carried a homozygous novel mutation of p.Glu1154X are probably the smallest ever reported. The sizes of the mandibular permanent incisors and all premolars were approximately 2‐2.5 mm, mesiodistally. All previously reported, PCNT mutations have been described to cause premature truncation of the pericentrin protein. p.Lys3154del mutation was unique as it was pathogenic as a result of missing only a single amino acid. In situ hybridization of Pcnt shows its expression in the epithelium and mesenchyme during early stages of rodent tooth development. It is evident that PCNT has crucial role in tooth development. The permanent dentition is more severely affected than the one. This implies that PCNT appears to have more role in the development of the permanent dentition. As pericentrin is a critical centrosomal protein, the dental phenotype found in MOPD II patients is postulated to be the consequence of loss of microtubule integrity which leads to defective centrosome function. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ventricular noncompaction and absent thumbs in a newborn with tetrasomy 5q35.2‐5q35.3: An association with Hunter–McAlpine syndrome?
Authors: Sellars Elizabeth A. , Zimmerman Sarah L. , Smolarek Teresa , Hopkin Robert J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report on an infant with tetrasomy of 5q35.2‐5q35.3, an interstitial triplication on one chromosome and normal complement on the other. The patient has some features of Hunter–McAlpine syndrome including intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), almond‐shaped eyes, epicanthal folds, and downturned mouth with thin vermillion of the upper lip. In addition, left ventricular noncompaction and absent thumbs were identified, which have never been described in Hunter–McAlpine syndrome. This chromosome abnormality is distinct from those previously reported. Within this region of tetrasomy is MSX2, a highly conserved homeobox containing gene. Increased copies of MSX2 have been previously associated with craniosynostosis. Our patient's only skeletal defect is absent thumbs, also potentially related to increased dosage of MSX2 which is important for limb formation. In addition, MSX2 is expressed in the developing heart and overexpression of this gene may disrupt the co‐regulation of other cardiac genes in this region, namely CSX1. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interstitial deletion 5q14.3q21.3 with MEF2C haploinsufficiency and mild phenotype: When more is less
Authors: Tonk Vijay , Kyhm Jee Hong , Gibson Caro E. , Wilson Golder N. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn 18‐year‐old female with mild mental disability (global IQ 69), febrile seizures with subsequent myoclonic/grand mal epilepsy, and subtle morphologic changes is described with del 5(q14.3q21.3) by karyotype and minimal DNA deletion of 21.08 Mb by array comparative genomic hybridization microarray analysis (arr chr5:83,592,798‐104,671,993 X1) that encompasses at least 50 genes. Included in the deletion interval is the MEF2C gene that usually causes severe mental disability when haploinsufficient, illustrating the complexity of clinic–cytogenetic correlation even with defined segmental aneuploidy. Interaction of MEF2C with the deleted febrile seizure (FEB4) and juveline myoclonic epilepsy (EJM4) loci plus the G‐protein receptor (GPR98/MASS1/Usher syndrome) gene may moderate the phenotype, perhaps through common regulation by calcium. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship between the genetic counseling profession and the disability community: A commentary
Authors: Madeo Anne C. , Biesecker Barbara B. , Brasington Campbell , Erby Lori H. , Peters Kathryn F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSince the inception of the field of genetic counseling, the profession has had a tenuous relationship with the disability community. Genetic counselors both offer prenatal diagnostic testing that allows individuals the opportunity to avoid the birth of a child with a disability and they advocate for the rights of individuals who have a disability. Some in the disability rights community have argued that they feel their lives and the lives of the disabled individuals in their families judged by the offer of prenatal genetic diagnosis and by the attitudes of genetic service providers they encounter in clinical settings. Select voices from the disability community fear that the result of developing technologies may contribute to a world less tolerant of disabilities. The available empirical data suggest that genetic counselors do little to counteract these perspectives. Although limited, investigations into the attitudes and practices of genetic counselors suggest that they have a more negative perspective on disabilities than individuals whose lives are directly affected by them and these attitudes may affect their description of disabling conditions in a prenatal setting. The National Society of Genetic Counselors, the organization that represents the profession in the US has more publicly aligned itself with abortion service providers over disease advocacy organizations, thus subjecting itself to the perception of bias. We suggest possible solutions to these criticisms and argue that individually and collectively, genetic counseling professionals should develop and identify opportunities to more fully support and advocate for the needs of a broader spectrum of clients. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does cognitive reserve shape cognitive decline?
Authors: Singh‐Manoux Archana , Marmot Michael G. , Glymour Maria , Sabia Séverine , Kivimäki Mika , Dugravot Aline 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:Cognitive reserve is associated with a lower risk of dementia, but the extent to which it shapes cognitive aging trajectories remains unclear. Our objective is to examine the impact of 3 markers of reserve from different points in the life course on cognitive function and decline in late adulthood.Methods:Data are from 5,234 men and 2,220 women, mean age 56 years (standard deviation = 6) at baseline, from the Whitehall II cohort study. Memory, reasoning, vocabulary, and phonemic and semantic fluency were assessed 3× over 10 years. Linear mixed models were used to assess the association between markers of reserve (height, education, and occupation) and cognitive decline, using the 5 cognitive tests and a global cognitive score composed of these tests.Results:All 3 reserve measures were associated with baseline cognitive function; the strongest associations were with occupation and the weakest with height. All cognitive functions except vocabulary declined over the 10‐year follow‐up period. On the global cognitive test, there was greater decline in the high occupation group (−0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.28 to −0.26) compared to the intermediate (−0.23; 95% CI, −0.25 to −0.22) and low groups (−0.21; 95% CI, −0.24 to −0.19); p = 0.001. The decline in reserve groups defined by education (p = 0.82) and height (p = 0.55) was similar.Interpretation:Cognitive performance over the adult life course was remarkably higher in the high reserve groups. However, rate of cognitive decline did not differ between reserve groups with the exception of occupation, where there was some evidence of greater decline in the high occupation group. Ann Neurol 2011;
Baseline serum adipokine levels predict radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Klein‐Wieringa Inge R. , van der Linden Michael P. M. , Knevel Rachel , Kwekkeboom Joanneke C. , van Beelen Els , Huizinga Tom W. J. , van der Helm‐van Mil Annette , Kloppenburg Margreet , Toes René E. M. , Ioan‐Facsinay Andreea 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveAdipose tissue can secrete soluble mediators (adipokines) with potent immune regulatory functions. Some adipokines have been previously associated with radiographic damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, we investigated the capacity of baseline adipokine levels to predict radiographic progression over a period of 4 years and studied their contribution relative to that of other known risk factors, such as anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) antibodies.MethodsSerum concentrations of leptin, visfatin, resistin, adiponectin, adipsin, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were determined in serum samples obtained at baseline from 253 patients with RA from the Early Arthritis Cohort. The association between levels of these adipokines and radiographic progression was determined using a multivariate normal regression model correcting for age, sex, treatment strategy, body mass index (BMI), and the presence of anti‐CCP antibodies.ResultsLevels of IL‐6, TNFα, visfatin, and adiponectin were positively associated with radiographic progression over 4 years. This association was independent of BMI. However, only adiponectin levels remained significantly associated with radiographic progression when the model was corrected for the presence of anti‐CCP antibodies, whereas a trend was observed for IL‐6. The association of both TNFα and visfatin with radiographic damage disappeared after correction for the presence of anti‐CCP antibodies, which is consistent with the fact that the levels of both cytokines correlated significantly with anti‐CCP antibody levels in these patients.ConclusionOur results indicate that adipokines are predictors of radiographic progression in RA, possibly through distinct underlying biologic mechanisms.
Tuning different expression parameters to achieve soluble recombinant proteins in E. coli: Advantages of high‐throughput screening
Authors: Correa Agustín , Oppezzo Pablo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractProteins are the main reagents for structural, biomedical, and biotechnological studies; however, some important challenges remain concerning protein solubility and stability. Numerous strategies have been developed, with some success, to mitigate these challenges, but a universal strategy is still elusive. Currently, researchers face a plethora of alternatives for the expression of the target protein, which generates a great diversity of conditions to be evaluated. Among these, different promoter strength, diverse expression host and constructs, or special culture conditions have an important role in protein solubility. With the arrival of automated high‐throughput screening (HTS) systems, the evaluation of hundreds of different conditions within reasonable cost and time limits is possible. This technology increases the chances to obtain the target protein in a pure, soluble, and stable state. This review focuses on some of the most commonly used strategies for the expression of recombinant proteins in the enterobacterium Escherichia coli, including the use of HTS for the production of soluble proteins.
Contemporary clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of angiographically confirmed coronary stent thrombosis: Results from a multicenter California registry
Authors: Yeo Khung Keong , Mahmud Ehtisham , Armstrong Ehrin J. , Bennett William E. , Shunk Kendrick A. , MacGregor John S. , Li Zhongmin , Low Reginald I. , Rogers Jason H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives: To describe the contemporary treatment and outcomes for patients with angiographically confirmed (definite) stent thrombosis (ST). Background: Limited data are available on contemporary treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with ST in the United States. Methods: In this multicenter California registry, consecutive cases of definite ST over 5 years were identified. Clinical characteristics, in‐hospital outcomes, and long‐term survival are reported. Results: One hundred and sixty five consecutive episodes of ST were identified in 153 patients from January 2005 to February 2010. The distribution of acute (≤24 hr), subacute (24 hr to 30 days), late (30 days to 1 year), and very late (≥1 year) ST was 3.9%, 21.8%, 17.6%, and 50.3%, respectively. Only 41.2% of patients were on dual antiplatelet therapy at the time of presentation, while 22.4% of patients were on none. Of the 61.4% of patients treated with restenting, 71.1% of them received a drug‐eluting stent. Procedural success was 88.1%, and in‐hospital death, stroke, and CABG occurred in 5.5%, 0.6%, and 6.1% of subjects, respectively. All‐cause mortality at 1 year was 14.3%. Although female gender, diabetes mellitus (DM), bifurcation disease, ejection fraction <40%, and cardiogenic shock at the time of presentation were associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality, only DM (P = 0.047) and bifurcation disease (P = 0.027) remained independent predictors of in‐hospital death. Conclusion: In‐hospital mortality from definite ST is lower than previously reported, but long‐term mortality remains high. DM and bifurcation disease, but not type of percutaneous therapy, are independently associated with in‐hospital mortality. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.