bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency and Personalization as Value Creation in Internationalizing High‐Technology SMEs
Authors: Spence Martine 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article investigates the sources of value creation in the exchange relationships between internationalizing Canadian small high‐technology firms and their various stakeholders. The paper reviews the concepts of exchange and value, and applies these concepts to small internationalizing high‐technology businesses. The data are based on semi‐structured interviews with 20 Canadian high‐technology small and medium‐sized enterprises (HTSMEs). The analysis shows that HTSMEs strive to attain internal and external efficiency. Efficiency, however, is a subset of Personalization, which consists of developing close relationships with dedicated partners in order to create sustainable value. This study demonstrates that value creation for HTSMEs is not only a matter of creating products at the cutting edge, but primarily of managing a constellation of relationships within evolving networks.RésuméLa présente étude recherche les sources de création de valeur dans les relations d'échange entre les petites entreprises canadiennes à haute technologie en voie d'internationalisation et les différentes parties prenantes. Elle passe en revue les concepts d'échange et de valeur qu'elle applique aux petites entreprises à haute technologie en voie d'internationalisation. Les données sont fondées sur des entretiens semi‐structurées réalisée auprès de 20 petites et moyennes entreprises canadiennes à haute technologie (HTSME). L'analyse montre que les HTSME recherchent laborieusement l'efficacité interne et externe. Mais cette efficacité est une sous‐variante de la Personnalisation qui consiste à développer des relations privilégiées avec des partenaires dévoués, afin de créer une valeur durable. Notre étude démontre que la création de valeur pour les HTSME n'est pas seulement synonyme de création de produit d'avantgarde. Elle signifie aussi et surtout gestion d'une constellation de relations dans des réseaux en évolution.
Revisiting Shareholder Value Creation via International Joint Ventures: Examining Interactions Among Firm‐ and Context‐Specific Variables
Authors: Merchant Hemant 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study attempts to empirically reconcile the prevalent mixed findings regarding reactions of capital markets to announcements of American firms' participation in international joint ventures (IJVs). It does so by first admitting salient contextual variables into the portfolio of firm‐specific variables—heretofore mostly considered in isolation—and then modeling their collective impact on these parents' shareholder value. A cluster analysis of more than 700 equity IJVs yields findings that highlight important interactions between the two sets of variables, which better inform creation and destruction of shareholder value for IJV parents. These findings facilitate development of a conceptual framework for assessing how parents can exploit the inter‐connectedness between their firm‐specific and contextual domains. Thus, this study lays a foundation for generating more refined predictions about shareholder value creation via IJVs.RésuméLa présente étude essaie de concilier, de façon empirique, les conclusions contradictoires, révélées par l'étude des réactions des marchés de capitaux aux annonces par les firmes américaines de leur participation aux coentreprises internationales. Elle y parvient en deux temps: premièrement, par la reconnaissance des variables contextuelles fondamentales, jusque‐là surtout considérées de façon isolée, dans le portfolio des variables spécifiques aux firmes; deuxièmement, par la modélisation de leur impact collectif sur la création des valeurs pour les actionnaires des firmes impliquées dans ces coentreprises. Les conclusions tirées de l'analyse par segments de plus de 700 coentreprises boursières internationales mettent en évidence d'importantes interactions (entre les deux groupes de variables) dans la création et la destruction des valeurs pour les actionnaires des coentreprises internationales. De façon incidente, les conclusions de l'étude tracent les contours d'un cadre conceptuel permettant de montrer comment les partenaires peuvent exploiter l'interrelation entre leurs secteurs spécifiques et les domaines contextuels. En somme, l'étude jette les bases d'une meilleure capacité de prédiction dans la création des valeurs par les actionnaires, via les coentreprises internationales.
The Market Value Implications of Post‐Retirement Benefit Plans and Plan Surpluses — Canadian Evidence
Authors: Wiedman Christine I. , Wier Heather A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe examine a sample of Canadian firms with defined benefit pension plans over 2000 and 2001, using note disclosures available for the first time in Canada in 2000, and find the following: On average, Canadian investors appear to view the deficit arising from under‐funded plans as a liability of the sponsoring firm, but do not appear to view the surplus arising from over‐funded plans as an asset of the firm. This finding is consistent with the legal constraints faced by Canadian firms attempting to withdraw a pension surplus from plans. Additionally, we document that post‐retirement benefits other than pensions are largely unfunded in Canada, but are not consistently priced by the market. This latter result may be attributable to lack of investor confidence in the estimation of these liabilities. Our findings on defined benefit pension plans surpluses support current International Accounting Standards Board proposals on applying an asset ceiling test to pension surpluses.RésuméLa présente étude utilise les informations annexes disponibles au Canada pour la premiére fois en 2000 pour analyser un échantillon d'entreprises canadiennes dotées, entre 2000 et 2001, de régimes de retraite àA prestations déterminées. L'étude révèle qu'en moyenne, les investisseurs canadiens ont tendance à considérer le déficit résultant des régimes sous‐capitalisés comme une responsabilité des firmes promotrices; en revanche. ils refusent de considérer l'excédent résultant des régimes surcapitalisés comme un atout pour ces firmes. Cette attitude est attribuable aux contraintes juridiques auxquelles sont soumises les firmes canadiennes qui essaient de puiser le surplus des caisses de retraites. L'étude démontre que hormis les prestations de retraite, les indemnityés à la retraite manquent cruellement de capitaux au Canada et sont sous‐évaluées parle marché. Ce dernier résultat peut être attribué au fait que les investisseurs n'ont pas foi en l'évaluation de leur passif. En ce qui conceme les excédents des régimes de retraites à prestations déterminées, nos conclusions vont dans le même sens que les propositions du Comité international de normalisation de la comptabilité qui recommandent I'application d'un test de plafonnement aux excédents des régimes de pensions.
Consumer Perceptions of Promotional Offers in the Performing Arts: An Experimental Approach
Authors: D'Astous Alain , Legoux Renaud , Colbert François 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article reports the results of an experimental study in which four characteristics of sales promotions in the performing arts were manipulated: the type of promotion, the type of performance, the attractiveness of the performance, and the fit between the promotion and the performance. The results show that these factors had interactive effects on consumer reactions. Thus, although the fit between the promotion and the performance had a generally positive impact on consumer appreciation of the promotional offer, this effect was more important when the performance was more attractive. Sales promotions that closely fit the performing arts category were less likely to be perceived as manipulative when the performances were less attractive. We conclude that more research is needed on this managerially relevant topic in light of the complex dynamics that appear to underlie the relationships between the characteristics of sales promotions and consumer reactions.RésuméCet article présente les résultats d'une étude expérimentale dans laquelle quatre facettes d'une promotion des ventes dans le contexte des arts de la scène ont été manipulées: le type de promotion, le type de performance, l'attrait de la performance et le lien entre la promotion et la performance. Les résultats montrent que ces facteurs ont des effets interactifs sur les réactions des consommateurs. Ainsi, même si le lien entre la promotion et la performance a un impact positif sur l'appréciation d'une offre promotionnelle, cet impact est plus important lorsque la performance est plus attrayante. Les promotions des ventes qui ont un lien fort avec le type d'art de la scène sont moins susceptibles d'être perçues comme des tentatives de manipulation. On conclut qu'il est nécessaire defaire plus de recherche sur ce sujet qui est pertinent pour les gestionnaires étant donné l'apparente complexité qui sous‐tend les relations entre les caractéristiques des promotions des ventes et les réactions des consommateurs.
Effects of Private and Public Canadian Mergers
Authors: Yuce Ayse , Ng Alex 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the merger announcements of Canadian companies between 1994 and 2000 during an exceptional merger boom. The results show that both the target companies and the acquirer companies obtain significant positive abnormal returns during this time period. Companies that acquire private targets with stock have positive returns; however, acquirers of private firms have significantly higher risk compared with those that acquire public targets, despite nonsignificant differences in returns. Acquirers pay significantly less to acquire private firms than public firms, especially with stock. Overall, the findings suggest there is support for a liquidity discount for private firms, and the market is efficient in valuing firms in asymmetric conditions.RésuméDans cet article, nous examinons les annonces de fusions des compagnies canadiennes entre 1994 et 2000, période de grand boom de fusion. Les résultats montrent qu'au cours de cette période, les compagnies cibles et les compagnies acquéreuses obtiennent des rendements anormaux positifs. Les entreprises qui achètent des cibles privées avec des actions ont des rendements positifs; cependant, ces entreprises ont des risques considérablement plus élevés par rapport aux entreprises qui achètent des cibles publiques nonobstant des différences négligeables dans les rendements. Par ailleurs, les acquéreurs paient nettement moins pour acheter les entreprises privées que pour acheter les entreprises publiques, en particulier celles qui ont des actions. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats de l'étude révèlent qu'il est nécessaire d'escompter la liquidité pour les entreprises privées et que le marché permet de valoriser les entreprises dans les conditions asymétriques.
High Levels of Hsp90 Cochaperone p23 Promote Tumor Progression and Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer by Increasing Lymph Node Metastases and Drug Resistance
Authors: Simpson Natalie E. , Lambert W. Marcus , Watkins Renecia , Giashuddin Shah , Huang S. Joseph , Oxelmark Ellinor , Arju Rezina , Hochman Tsivia , Goldberg Judith D. , Schneider Robert J. , Reiz Luiz Fernando Lima , Soares Fernando Augusto , Logan Susan K. , Garabedian Michael J. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
p23 is a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) cochaperone located in both the cytoplasm and nucleus that stabilizes unliganded steroid receptors, controls the catalytic activity of certain kinases, regulates protein-DNA dynamics, and is upregulated in several cancers. We had previously shown that p23-overexpressing MCF-7 cells (MCF-7+p23) exhibit increased invasion without affecting the estrogen-dependent proliferative response, which suggests that p23 differentially regulates genes controlling processes linked to breast tumor metastasis. To gain a comprehensive view of the effects of p23 on estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent and -independent gene expression, we profiled mRNA expression from control versus MCF-7+p23 cells in the absence and presence of estrogen. A number of p23-sensitive target genes involved in metastasis and drug resistance were identified. Most striking is that many of these genes are also misregulated in invasive breast cancers, including PMP22, ABCC3, AGR2, Sox3, TM4SF1, and p8 (NUPR1). Upregulation of the ATP-dependent transporter ABCC3 by p23 conferred resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents etoposide and doxorubicin in MCF-7+p23 cells. MCF-7+p23 cells also displayed higher levels of activated Akt and an expanded phosphoproteome relative to control cells, suggesting that elevated p23 also enhances cytoplasmic signaling pathways. For breast cancer patients, tumor stage together with high cytoplasmic p23 expression more accurately predicted disease recurrence and mortality than did stage alone. High nuclear p23 was found to be associated with high cytoplasmic p23, therefore both may promote tumor progression and poor prognosis by increasing metastatic potential and drug resistance in breast cancer patients. Cancer Res; 70(21); 8446–56. ©2010 AACR.
Late Gadolinium-Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Identifies Postinfarction Myocardial Fibrosis and the Border Zone at the Near Cellular Level in Ex Vivo Rat Heart
Authors: Schelbert Erik B. , Hsu Li-Yueh , Anderson Stasia A. , Mohanty Bibhu D. , Karim Syed M. , Kellman Peter , Aletras Anthony H. , Arai Andrew E. 
Published: September 2010

Background—
Using a resolution 1000-fold higher than prior studies, we studied (1) the degree to which late gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance tracks fibrosis from chronic myocardial infarction and (2) the relationship between intermediate signal intensity and partial volume averaging at distinct “smooth” infarct borders versus disorganized mixtures of fibrosis and viable cardiomyocytes.

Methods and Results—

Sprague-Dawley rats underwent myocardial infarction by coronary ligation. Two months later, rats were euthanized 10 minutes after administration of 0.3 mmol/kg intravenous gadolinium. LGE images ex vivo at 7 T with a 3D gradient echo sequence with 50×50×50 μm voxels were compared with histological sections (Masson trichrome). Planimetered histological and LGE regions of fibrosis correlated well (
y
=1.01
x
−0.01;
R
2
=0.96;
P
<0.001). In addition, LGE images routinely detected clefts of viable cardiomyocytes 2 to 4 cells thick that separated bands of fibrous tissue. Although LGE clearly detected disorganized mixtures of fibrosis and viable cardiomyocytes characterized by intermediate signal intensity voxels, the percentage of apparent intermediate signal intensity myocardium increased significantly (
P
<0.01) when image resolution was degraded to resemble clinical resolution consistent with significant partial volume averaging.

Conclusions—
These data provide important validation of LGE at nearly the cellular level for detection of fibrosis after myocardial infarction. Although LGE can detect heterogeneous patches of fibrosis and viable cardiomyocytes as patches of intermediate signal intensity, the percentage of intermediate signal intensity voxels is resolution dependent. Thus, at clinical resolutions, distinguishing the peri-infarct border zone from partial volume averaging with LGE is challenging.
Electrophysiological Evidence for Different Inhibitory Mechanisms When Stopping or Changing a Planned Response
Authors: Krämer Ulrike M. , Knight Robert T. , Münte Thomas F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPeople are able to adapt their behavior to changing environmental contingencies by rapidly inhibiting or modifying their actions. Response inhibition is often studied in the stop-signal paradigm that requires the suppression of an already prepared motor response. Less is known about situations calling for a change of motor plans such that the prepared response has to be withheld but another has to be executed instead. In the present study, we investigated whether electrophysiological data can provide evidence for distinct inhibitory mechanisms when stopping or changing a response. Participants were instructed to perform in a choice RT task with two classes of embedded critical trials: Stop signals called for the inhibition of any response, whereas change signals required participants to inhibit the prepared response and execute another one instead. Under both conditions, we observed differences in go-stimulus processing, suggesting a faster response preparation in failed compared with successful inhibitions. In contrast to stop-signal trials, changing a response did not elicit the inhibition-related frontal N2 and did not modulate the parietal mu power decrease. The results suggest that compared with changing a response, additional frontal and parietal regions are engaged when having to inhibit a response.
Characterization of consistent triggers of migraine with aura
Authors: Hauge Anne Werner , Kirchmann Malene , Olesen Jes 
Published: September 2010

Objective The aim of the present study was to characterize perceived consistent triggers of migraine with aura (MA). Method Questionnaires specifically designed to characterize various trigger factors were sent to 181 participants identified in an earlier study. All participants had formerly identified at least one factor that often or always triggered an MA attack. They only answered questions regarding this or these factor(s). Results The response rate to the questionnaire was 70% (126/179). A number of subtype triggers were mentioned by a high proportion of patients: too much work (under the stress category 54/64), reflected sunlight (under the light category 35/44), too little sleep (under the sleep category 19/24), red wine (under the alcohol category 20/22), passive smoking (under the smoke category 11/11), menstruation (under the menstruation or break from the pill category 12/14) and perfume (under the fumes/heavy scents category 12/15). Hormones, light and stress were reported to cause at least 50 % of MA attacks in 62%, 47% and 42% of participants, respectively. No participants reported alcohol to be the trigger of 50% or more of their attacks. In the groups of participants with “light”, “fumes/heavy scents”, “smoke” or “physical effort” as triggers, nearly all patients reported that an exposure time to the trigger of less than 3 hours (90-100% of patients) was necessary to trigger an attack and a latency to onset of attack of less than 3 hours (90-100% of patients). Conclusion Our study has provided new knowledge about factors that in particular patients consistently trigger MA. In daily routine practice this information should be helpful in identifying factors to avoid. Patients with trigger factors that always or usually trigger attacks of MA will be highly useful for imaging and other experimental studies.
Arthroscopic Restoration of Terminal Elbow Extension in High-Level Athletes
Authors: Blonna Davide , Lee Gwo-Chin , O'Driscoll Shawn W. 
Published: September 2010

Background Although most people can lead near-normal lives with a limited but functional arc of elbow motion, athletes may find loss of terminal extension severely impairing. Hypothesis Arthroscopic contracture release is effective in restoring full elbow extension in athletes whose loss of terminal extension impairs their intensities and/or levels of performance in sport. Study design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Between 1997 and 2007, 24 athletes (26 elbows; mean age, 38 years [range, 12-58]) whose chief complaint was limited elbow extension (≤35°) underwent arthroscopic release of contractures (average follow-up, 33 months [range, 12-88]). All the patients were classified according to a sport-specific scoring system using the subjective patient outcome for return to sports score and the summary outcome determination score. Results All 26 elbows improved subjectively and objectively with surgery. Of the 26 elbows, 25 were rated by the patients as normal (n = 15) or near-normal (n = 10) at final follow-up. Pain during intense sporting activities was absent in 17, mild and occasional without affecting performance in 6, and severe enough to affect performance in 1. Of the 24 patients (26 elbows), 22 patients (23 elbows) returned to the same sport at the same level of intensity and performance as before injury. Two patients (3 elbows) returned to the same sport but failed to reach their preinjury levels of performance. Extension improved in all patients, with the average flexion contracture decreasing from 27° ± 7° (range, 10°-35°) to 6° ± 9° (range, 10° of hyperextension to 25°; P < .001). Lack of extension was not a residual impairment factor in any patients. Three patients developed delayed-onset ulnar neuropathy after surgery, 2 of which were treated by subcutaneous transposition. All 3 resolved completely, 2 within the first 6 weeks; the other took longer than a year. Conclusion The arthroscopic release of contractures is a predictable technique to achieve a highly functional elbow in athletes.
Transcriptional characteristics of CD4+ T cells in multiple sclerosis: Relative lack of suppressive populations in blood
Authors: Edström M , Mellergård J , Mjösberg J , Jenmalm MC , Vrethem M , Press R , Dahle C , Ernerudh J 
Published: September 2010

Background:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is hypothetically caused by autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cells, whereas Th2 and regulatory T cells may confer protection. The development of Th subpopulations is dependant on the expression of lineage-specific transcription factors. Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the balance of CD4+T cell populations in relapsing-remitting MS. Methods:Blood mRNA expression of TBX21, GATA3, RORC, FOXP3 and EBI3 was assessed in 33 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 20 healthy controls. In addition, flow cytometry was performed to assess T lymphocyte numbers. Results:In relapsing-remitting MS, diminished expression of FOXP3 (Treg) was found ( p < 0.05), despite normal numbers of CD4+CD25hiTreg. Immunoregulatory EBI3 and Th2-associated GATA3 ([a-z]+) was also decreased in MS ( p < 0.005 and p < 0.05, respectively). Expression of TBX21 (Th1) and RORC (Th17) did not differ between patients and controls. Similar changes were observed when analysing beta-interferon treated ( n = 12) or untreated ( n = 21) patients. Analysis of transcription factor ratios, comparing TBX21/GATA3 and RORC/FOXP3, revealed an increase in the RORC/FOXP3 ratio in patients with relapsing-remitting MS ( p < 0.005). Conclusion:Our findings indicate systemic defects at the mRNA level, involving downregulation of beneficial CD4+phenotypes. This might play a role in disease development by permitting activation of harmful T cell populations.
Indirect Catastrophic Injuries in Olympic Styles of Wrestling in Iran
Authors: Kordi Ramin , Ziaee Vahid , Rostami Mohsen , Wallace W. Angus 
Published: September 2010

Background: Data on indirect catastrophic injuries in wrestling are scarce. Objectives: To develop a profile of indirect catastrophic injuries in international styles of wrestling and to describe possible risk factors. Study Design: Retrospective case series; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Indirect catastrophic injuries that occurred in wrestling clubs in Iran from July 1998 to June 2005 were identified by contacting several sources. The cases were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The injuries included 9 indirect catastrophic injuries. The injury rate was 0.62 injuries per 100 000 wrestlers per year. The majority of indirect injuries were cardiovascular events in veteran groups of wrestlers. Conclusions: Indirect catastrophic wrestling injuries are rare and present most commonly in older athletes. Coronary artery disease was the main cause.