bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of blends of polyisoprene and polystyrene by on‐line hyphenation of HPLC and 1H‐NMR: LC‐CC‐NMR at critical conditions of both homopolymers
Authors: Sinha Pritish , Hiller Wolf , Pasch Harald 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBlends of polystyrene (PS) and polyisoprene (PI) were analysed by on‐line hyphenation of LC at critical conditions and 1H‐NMR. Chromatography at critical conditions was established for both PS and PI. At both critical conditions, a perfect separation into the blend components was achieved. By operating at critical conditions of one blend component and size exclusion mode for the other it is possible to determine the molar mass using a suitable calibration. By using NMR as a detector, the microstructure of PI can be identified, quantified and the chemical composition of the blends can be calculated by monitoring the signal intensities of the olefinic protons of isoprene and the aromatic protons of PS.
A New Family of High‐Performance Ti Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization
Authors: Sandaroos Reza , Damavandi Saman , Farhadipour Abolghasem 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe syntheses, structures and olefin polymerization behavior of Ti complexes containing a pair of chelating aminotropone [ON] ligands are reported. DFT studies revealed that bis(aminotropone) Ti complexes, when activated, provide a metal alkyl in the cis position to a vacant coordination site for monomer binding, suggesting great potential for the polymerization of olefinic monomers. Unlike Ti‐FI catalysts, bis(aminotropone) Ti complexes do not require the presence of steric bulk in close proximity to the anionic donor. Bis(aminotropone) Ti complexes combined with MAO display high ethylene polymerization activities (max. 27 200 kg polymer per mol catalyst and hour) comparable to those obtained with early group‐four metallocene catalysts under identical conditions.
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Pathogenesis and management of seasonal affective disorder
Authors: Cotterell Darren 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSeasonal affective disorder (SAD) has been recognised for many years and yet the validity of it as a specific syndrome continues to be questioned. Here, Dr Cotterell describes the principal characteristics of SAD, our current understanding of the pathogenesis of the syndrome and possible treatment options. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Tuning nanoscopic self‐assembly of diblock copolymer blends on a two‐dimensional interface
Authors: Lu Hsiang‐Wei , Logan Jennifer L. , Hosoi A. E. , Baker Shenda M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSpreading amphiphilic diblock copolymers on a two‐dimensional liquid interface has been observed to produce nanoscale features via self‐assembly. Here, we develop a model that incorporates the effects of polymer entanglement and surface diffusion in polymer blends to quantitatively predict the size of experimentally observed structures. Simulations show that different polymers in the blend cooperate to self‐assemble into nanoscale features of varying sizes. Characteristic nanoscopic dimensions can be tuned by adjusting two easily controllable macroscopic quantities: the blend composition and the initial surface concentration. Theoretical predictions are in agreement with experimentally measured feature dimensions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Development of a new physics‐based internal coordinate mechanics force field and its application to protein loop modeling
Authors: Arnautova Yelena A. , Abagyan Ruben A. , Totrov Maxim 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report the development of internal coordinate mechanics force field (ICMFF), new force field parameterized using a combination of experimental data for crystals of small molecules and quantum mechanics calculations. The main features of ICMFF include: (a) parameterization for the dielectric constant relevant to the condensed state (ϵ = 2) instead of vacuum, (b) an improved description of hydrogen‐bond interactions using duplicate sets of van der Waals parameters for heavy atom‐hydrogen interactions, and (c) improved backbone covalent geometry and energetics achieved using novel backbone torsional potentials and inclusion of the bond angles at the Cα atoms into the internal variable set. The performance of ICMFF was evaluated through loop modeling simulations for 4–13 residue loops. ICMFF was combined with a solvent‐accessible surface area solvation model optimized using a large set of loop decoys. Conformational sampling was carried out using the biased probability Monte Carlo method. Average/median backbone root‐mean‐square deviations of the lowest energy conformations from the native structures were 0.25/0.21 Å for four residues loops, 0.84/0.46 Å for eight residue loops, and 1.16/0.73 Å for 12 residue loops. To our knowledge, these results are significantly better than or comparable with those reported to date for any loop modeling method that does not take crystal packing into account. Moreover, the accuracy of our method is on par with the best previously reported results obtained considering the crystal environment. We attribute this success to the high accuracy of the new ICM force field achieved by meticulous parameterization, to the optimized solvent model, and the efficiency of the search method. Proteins 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An accurate feature‐based method for identifying DNA‐binding residues on protein surfaces
Authors: Xiong Yi , Liu Juan , Wei Dong‐Qing 
Published: October 2010

AbstractProteins that interact with DNA play vital roles in all mechanisms of gene expression and regulation. In order to understand these activities, it is crucial to analyze and identify DNA‐binding residues on DNA‐binding protein surfaces. Here, we proposed two novel features B‐factor and packing density in combination with several conventional features to characterize the DNA‐binding residues in a well‐constructed representative dataset of 119 protein‐DNA complexes from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Based on the selected features, a prediction model for DNA‐binding residues was constructed using support vector machine (SVM). The predictor was evaluated using a 5‐fold cross validation on above dataset of 123 DNA‐binding proteins. Moreover, two independent datasets of 83 DNA‐bound protein structures and their corresponding DNA‐free forms were compiled. The B‐factor and packing density features were statistically analyzed on these 83 pairs of holo‐apo proteins structures. Finally, we developed the SVM model to accurately predict DNA‐binding residues on protein surface, given the DNA‐free structure of a protein. Results showed here indicate that our method represents a significant improvement of previously existing approaches such as DISPLAR. The observation suggests that our method will be useful in studying protein‐DNA interactions to guide consequent works such as site‐directed mutagenesis and protein‐DNA docking. Proteins 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Demonstrating the importance of interactional socialization in organization
Authors: Lee Hung‐Wen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyse the level of knowledge sharing among employees in different relationship styles. This is helpful to understand whether the interaction among employees in each relationship has a positive effect on the level of knowledge sharing. This study analyses the effect of social activities on the level of knowledge sharing from the viewpoint of employees. The result shows a positive outcome, indicating that managers need to pay more attention to the interactions among organizational members. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative ethanol production for two corn varieties by commercial enzymes
Authors: Mangat Manraj , Kalra Krishan Lal , Kocher Gurvinder Singh , Phutela Rajpal , Sharma Savita 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTwo local corn hybrid varieties PMH‐1 and PMH‐2 were evaluated for ethanol production. Corn flour (2.0 mm) was prepared and liquefied with about 3 KNU/g of starch and saccharified subsequently with Spirizyme. Spirizyme concentrations were optimized as 5 and 7 AGU/g of starch for PMH‐1 and PMH‐2 with saccharification levels of 81.1 and 85.6%, respectively. The ethanol production was maximum at 20% solids with yields of 0.45 and 0.52 g/g of starch for PMH‐1 and PMH‐2, respectively.
Advancing systems engineering in support of the bid and proposal process
Authors: Smartt Clement , Ferreira Susan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractQualifying strategic opportunities to pursue and capitalizing on those opportunities is key to the very survival of an organization. Successful organizations that thrive on contract work capture contracts and earn a profit executing those contracts. Systems engineers are generally the “cradle to grave” technical points of contact for projects and are charged with guiding the definition of the technical solutions in the early lifecycle stages. This paper examines existing research that may guide systems engineering in support of bid and proposal pursuits. Systems engineering, software engineering, bid management, economics, finance, game theory, and cognitive psychology literature are all mined for areas related to bidding. As a result, a number of research opportunities are identified. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14
Pain and genes: Genetic contribution to pain variability, chronic pain and analgesic responses
Authors: Møller Anette T. , Jensen Troels S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPain afflicts up to 20% of the population in the Western World and represents a challenge for clinicians and scientists because of a large interindividual variability in: (a) pain sensitivity, (b) in development of chronic pain and (c) in the response to analgesics. The personal and socioeconomic costs are considerable. The genetic approach to investigate pain has identified several potential areas of interest to understand genetic predisposition, the occurrence of pain and the variability of pain in human and in mice. In this paper, we will focus on genetic methods and variables influencing pain and pharmacotherapy elucidating the complexity of the area. Examples of promising candidate genes and allelic variables have been intensively studied and the number has been increasing during recent years with more or less reproducible results.
Molecular evidence that cortical synaptic growth predominates during the first decade of life in humans
Authors: Webster Maree J. , Elashoff Michael , Weickert Cynthia Shannon 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTheories concerning the pathology of human neurodevelopmental disorders that emerge in adolescence, such as schizophrenia, often hypothesize that there may be a failure of normal cortical synaptic loss or pruning. However, direct evidence that synaptic regression is a major developmental event in the adolescent human cortex is limited. Furthermore, developmental work in rodents suggested that synaptic regression in adolescence is not a major feature of cortical development. Thus, we set out to determine when and to what extent molecular markers of synaptic terminals [synaptophysin (SYP), SNAP‐25, syntaxin1A (STX1A), and vesicle‐associated membrane protein 1 (VAMP1)] are reduced during postnatal human life spanning from 1 month to 45 years (n = 69) using several different quantitative methods, microarray, qPCR and immunoblotting. We found little evidence for a consistent decrease in synaptic‐related molecular markers at any time point, but instead found clear patterns of gradual increases in expression of some presynaptic markers with postnatal age (including SNAP‐25, VAMP1 and complexin 1 (CPLX1) mRNAs and 6/6 presynaptic proteins evaluated). A measure of synaptic plasticity [growth‐associated protein of 43 kDa (GAP‐43)] was elevated in neonates, and continued robust expression throughout life. Since CPLX1 protein is enriched in inhibitory terminals we also tested if the protein product of complexin 2 (CPLX2), which is enriched in excitatory neurons, is more specifically reduced in development. In contrast to CPLX1, which showed a steady increase in both mRNA and protein levels during postnatal development (both r > 0.58, p < 0.001), CPLX2 mRNA decreased from infants to toddlers (r = −0.56, p < 0.001), while CPLX2 protein showed a steady increase until young adulthood (r = 0.55, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we found that indices of the dendrites [microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2)] and spines (spinophilin and postsynaptic density protein of 95 kDa (PSD95)] showed some evidence of reduction over time at the mRNA level but the opposite pattern, of a developmental increase, was found for PSD95 and spinophilin protein levels. Taken together, the postnatal changes in molecular components of synapses supports the notion that growth and strengthening of synaptic elements is a major developmental event occurring in the frontal cortex throughout childhood and that maintenance of steady state levels of synapse‐associated molecules may predominate during human adolescence.
Integrated knowledge of agreement in early and late English–Spanish bilinguals
Authors: FOOTE REBECCA 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTResearch suggests that late bilinguals may have persistent difficulties with the automatic access and use of some second language structures because of a lack of underlying integrated knowledge of those structures. In contrast, early bilinguals show advantages in aspects of language use that require this type of automatic knowledge. This study investigated whether early and late English–Spanish bilinguals evidence integrated knowledge of agreement in Spanish by examining their sensitivity to agreement errors while reading for comprehension. The results of a pilot and two experiments indicate that both early and late bilinguals do possess integrated knowledge of subject–verb number agreement and noun–adjective gender agreement in Spanish, although sensitivity to agreement errors interacts with properties of the experimental stimuli.
The Case of the Pilfered Paper: Implications of Online Writing Assistance and Web-Based Plagiarism Detection Services
Authors: Morgan Phoebe , Vaughn Jacqueline 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWhile there is nothing new about academic dishonesty, how it is committed, prevented, and detected has been dramatically transformed by the advent of online technologies. This article briefly describes the concurrent emergence of online writing assistance services and Web-based plagiarism detection tools and examines the implications of both for student-faculty relations, faculty workload, and student learning. Finally, we provide three alternative strategies for deterring, detecting, and documenting all forms of plagiarism.
Structure of the human gastric bacterial community in relation to Helicobacter pylori status
Authors: Maldonado-Contreras Ana , Goldfarb Kate C , Godoy-Vitorino Filipa , Karaoz Ulas , Contreras Mónica , Blaser Martin J , Brodie Eoin L , Dominguez-Bello Maria G 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The human stomach is naturally colonized by Helicobacter pylori, which, when present, dominates the gastric bacterial community. In this study, we aimed to characterize the structure of the bacterial community in the stomach of patients of differing H. pylori status. We used a high-density 16S rRNA gene microarray (PhyloChip, Affymetrix, Inc.) to hybridize 16S rRNA gene amplicons from gastric biopsy DNA of 10 rural Amerindian patients from Amazonas, Venezuela, and of two immigrants to the United States (from South Asia and Africa, respectively). H. pylori status was determined by PCR amplification of H. pylori glmM from gastric biopsy samples. Of the 12 patients, 8 (6 of the 10 Amerindians and the 2 non-Amerindians) were H. pylori glmM positive. Regardless of H. pylori status, the PhyloChip detected Helicobacteriaceae DNA in all patients, although with lower relative abundance in patients who were glmM negative. The G2-chip taxonomy analysis of PhyloChip data indicated the presence of 44 bacterial phyla (of which 16 are unclassified by the Taxonomic Outline of the Bacteria and Archaea taxonomy) in a highly uneven community dominated by only four phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Positive H. pylori status was associated with increased relative abundance of non-Helicobacter bacteria from the Proteobacteria, Spirochetes and Acidobacteria, and with decreased abundance of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The PhyloChip detected richness of low abundance phyla, and showed marked differences in the structure of the gastric bacterial community according to H. pylori status.
Internet-Based Telehealth Assessment of Language Using the CELF–4
Authors: Waite Monique C. , Theodoros Deborah G. , Russell Trevor G. , Cahill Louise M. 
Published: October 2010

Purpose
Telehealth has the potential to improve children’s access to speech-language pathology services. Validation of telehealth applications, including the assessment of childhood language disorders, is necessary for telehealth to become an accepted alternative mode of service provision. The aim of this study was to validate an Internet-based telehealth system for assessing childhood language disorders.

Method
Twenty-five children ages 5 to 9 years were assessed using the core language subtests of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals—4th Edition (CELF–4; Semel, Wiig, & Secord, 2003). Each participant was simultaneously assessed online and face-to-face (FTF). Assessments were administered by either an online or an FTF speech-language pathologist (SLP), but were simultaneously rated by both SLPs.

Results
No significant difference was found between the online and FTF total raw scores and scaled scores for each subtest. Weighted kappas revealed very good agreement on the individual items, total raw scores, scaled scores, core language score, and severity level. Intra- and interrater reliability were determined for a sample of online ratings, with intraclass correlation analysis revealing very good agreement on all measures.

Conclusion
The results of this study support the validity and reliability of scoring the core language subtests of the CELF–4 via telehealth.
Gestural Facilitation in Treatment of Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Raymer Anastasia M. , McHose Beth , Graham Kimberly 
Published: October 2010

Purpose: Luria (1970) proposed the use of intersystemic reorganization to use an intact system to facilitate improvements in a damaged cognitive system. In this article, we review literature examining the effects of gesture as a modality to promote reorganization to improve verbal production in apraxia of speech and anomia.
Methods: A gestural facilitation training paradigm is described and results of a recent systematic review of apraxia of speech treatment are reviewed. The interplay between apraxia of speech and anomia are considered in response to gestural facilitation training.
Results & Conclusions: Gestural facilitation effects are strongest in individuals with moderate apraxia of speech. Several factors appear to mitigate the effects of gestural facilitation for verbal production, including severe apraxia of speech and semantic anomia. Severe limb apraxia, which often accompanies severe apraxia of speech, appears to be amenable to gestural treatment, providing improvements in gesture use for communication when verbal production gains are not evident.
A Novel Factor FLOURY ENDOSPERM2 Is Involved in Regulation of Rice Grain Size and Starch Quality
Authors: She Kao-Chih , Kusano Hiroaki , Koizumi Kazuyoshi , Yamakawa Hiromoto , Hakata Makoto , Imamura Tomohiro , Fukuda Masato , Naito Natsuka , Tsurumaki Yumi , Yaeshima Mitsuhiro , Tsuge Tomohiko , Matsumoto Ken'ichiro , Kudoh Mari , Itoh Eiko , Kikuchi Shoshi , Kishimoto Naoki , Yazaki Junshi , Ando Tsuyu , Yano Masahiro , Aoyama Takashi , Sasaki Tadamasa , Satoh Hikaru , Shimada Hiroaki 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm accumulates a massive amount of storage starch and storage proteins during seed development. However, little is known about the regulatory system involved in the production of storage substances. The rice flo2 mutation resulted in reduced grain size and starch quality. Map-based cloning identified FLOURY ENDOSPERM2 (FLO2), a member of a novel gene family conserved in plants, as the gene responsible for the rice flo2 mutation. FLO2 harbors a tetratricopeptide repeat motif, considered to mediate a protein–protein interactions. FLO2 was abundantly expressed in developing seeds coincident with production of storage starch and protein, as well as in leaves, while abundant expression of its homologs was observed only in leaves. The flo2 mutation decreased expression of genes involved in production of storage starch and storage proteins in the endosperm. Differences between cultivars in their responsiveness of FLO2 expression during high-temperature stress indicated that FLO2 may be involved in heat tolerance during seed development. Overexpression of FLO2 enlarged the size of grains significantly. These results suggest that FLO2 plays a pivotal regulatory role in rice grain size and starch quality by affecting storage substance accumulation in the endosperm.
Provitamin A Accumulation in Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Roots Driven by a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in a Phytoene Synthase Gene
Authors: Welsch Ralf , Arango Jacobo , Bär Cornelia , Salazar Bertha , Al-Babili Salim , Beltrán Jesús , Chavarriaga Paul , Ceballos Hernan , Tohme Joe , Beyer Peter 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is an important staple crop, especially in the arid tropics. Because roots of commercial cassava cultivars contain a limited amount of provitamin A carotenoids, both conventional breeding and genetic modification are being applied to increase their production and accumulation to fight vitamin A deficiency disorders. We show here that an allelic polymorphism in one of the two expressed phytoene synthase (PSY) genes is capable of enhancing the flux of carbon through carotenogenesis, thus leading to the accumulation of colored provitamin A carotenoids in storage roots. A single nucleotide polymorphism present only in yellow-rooted cultivars cosegregates with colored roots in a breeding pedigree. The resulting amino acid exchange in a highly conserved region of PSY provides increased catalytic activity in vitro and is able to increase carotenoid production in recombinant yeast and Escherichia coli cells. Consequently, cassava plants overexpressing a PSY transgene produce yellow-fleshed, high-carotenoid roots. This newly characterized PSY allele provides means to improve cassava provitamin A content in cassava roots through both breeding and genetic modification.