bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Romance and Identity
Authors: Henley Georgia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 focuses on three romances set in marcher contexts. The romance of Fouke le Fitz Waryn, set initially in Shropshire, depicts the disinheritance of Fouke III de Waryn (d. 1258) and his subsequent adventures during exile on the continent and in Wales, where he is assisted by his childhood companion Llywelyn ab Iorwerth. The History of William Marshal portrays the exceptional life of William Marshal (c.1146–1219) in chivalric terms, while The Awntyrs off Arthure at the Terne Wathelyn provides a counter-example of Arthurian border literature from the Anglo-Scottish borderlands. Whereas previous analyses have considered these romances in the context of other ‘ancestral romances’ or family romances from Anglo-Norman England, this chapter shows that these texts are primarily occupied by marcher concerns, such as land rights, independence, and the need for jurisdictional limits on the English Crown. Placing these texts in a marcher context, rather than a strictly English context, allows a more focused articulation of their interests to emerge. In particular, marcher literature is interested in the Welsh past, the strain of British history and prophecy indebted to Geoffrey of Monmouth, the idea of women as key players in lines of succession of lordships (especially in cases where there is no living male heir), and defensive ownership of and claim to land in Wales and the Marches.
Elegies for Welsh Princes
Authors: Henley Georgia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter turns to elegy as a mode of historical writing deeply rooted in memory and affective experience. It focuses on English chroniclers’ inclusion of elegies to Welsh princes of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Rhys ap Gruffudd (d. 1197) and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (d. 1282). Written in Wales, these elegies, included in Latin chronicles from England and the Marches, such as Higden’s Polychronicon, Trevisa’s Chronicle, the Annals of Chester, and Camden’s Britannia, record English perspectives on Welsh history. In memorializing fallen leaders, chroniclers used elevated rhetoric to heighten the immediacy of the past. Heightened rhetoric immersed the reader in the past and created a sense of continuity across historical time, particularly through references to Greek and Latin heroes. The elegy also provided a crucial sense of distance by portraying threatening Welsh leaders as unequivocally past. The reader was meant to identify with the Welsh and experience the deep sense of loss and fragmentation that the deaths of their princes represented. But the elegiac mode also provided a crucial sense of remove, memorializing Welsh princes as if they were classical heroes: evocative, but no longer a threat. These chronicles’ recollections of Welsh loss attest to the ability of elegiac verse to transgress and to break down boundaries of culture through affective experience while still protecting cultural dominance. This study of Welsh elegies in English contexts demonstrates a key outcome of marcher interest in Wales and the Welsh past: the transmission of Welsh texts beyond the borderlands of Wales and into England.
Introduction
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The introduction explores the rich musical life of Central Germany in Bach’s time. Music pervaded court, municipal, and church activities, requiring the composition, preparation, and performance of vast amounts of new music on a weekly—if not daily—basis. In his youth, Bach was surrounded by music and music-making. Also of critical importance in his upbringing was the primary role of the pipe organ in Central German culture. As the largest and most complex machine in Western civilization at the time, the pipe organ was the subject of veneration, awe, and civic pride. In Central and North Germany it was a critical architectural component of the Lutheran church, together with the pulpit, baptismal font, and altar. The final section of the introduction focuses on the ways Bach’s organ works were preserved after his death, in autograph manuscripts, original prints, and copies made by his sons, students, and followers.
The Young Bach
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 examines Bach’s upbringing and early training in Eisenach, Ohrdruf, Lüneburg, and Weimar. Born into a family of musicians in Eisenach, Bach was orphaned at the age of 10 and taken in by his older brother, Johann Christoph, an organist in Ohrdruf. After receiving his initial training in keyboard playing from Johann Christoph, who had studied with Pachelbel and owned a sizable collection of Central and North German keyboard works, Bach traveled to Lüneburg to complete his academic studies and sing in the choir of the St. Michael’s Latin School. During this time Georg Böhm took Bach under his wing. Bach also ventured several times to Hamburg, to see the large organs there and hear Johann Adam Reincken, dean of the North German organists. He was clearly dazzled by both. Bach’s training ended with a short stint as music factotum at the Weimar Court.
Small Chorale Settings
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 11 is devoted to the small chorale settings Bach composed in Weimar—miscellaneous manual works, chorale fughettas, and pieces earmarked for the accompaniment of congregational hymns: figured-bass and interlude settings. Here, too, Bach demonstrated astonishing imagination, taking the manual chorale to unparalleled heights. Of special interest is the series of chorale fughettas that Bach appears to have composed as a set, systematically exploring the compositional possibilities of this popular Central German genre. The use of interlude settings for congregational singing is also discussed at some length, with a special focus on the settings Bach seems to have set down in abbreviated form before fully fleshing them out for practical use. Attention is also given to the abuse of interlude settings by contemporary organists and Bach’s late comments on the practice.
Organ Teacher, Consultant, and Recitalist
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In chapter 15, Bach’s interest in didactic works in Cöthen serves as the springboard for a discussion of his role as organ pedagogue, organ consultant, and organ recitalist. The handful of organ pieces Bach wrote in Cöthen point to instructional interests. Small manual chorale preludes illustrate the art of ornamentation, and the incomplete Fantasy in C Major, BWV 573, demonstrates the process of composing a short organ prelude. The Orgel-Büchlein, written in Weimar, was now repurposed for teaching. Moreover, Bach was frequently asked to inspect and inaugurate new instruments and provide advice on their design. Extant reports show that he was a thorough but fair examiner. Bach’s reputation as a virtuoso performer also grew during the Cöthen years, and as a consequence he was increasingly in demand as an organ recitalist. His concert in Hamburg in 1720, praised by Johann Adam Reincken, marked the first of several triumphant organ recitals in large German cities.
Bach’s Art of Registration
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 16 is devoted to Bach’s treatment of organ registration. It begins with a comparison of French and English practices before looking at the German tradition in Bach’s time. Organ registrations in Germany were generally divided into two categories: the full organ (organum plenum) and all the remaining diverse possibilities. The full organ, a combination of carefully selected stops, was used for free organ works and certain chorale preludes written in an instrumental or vocal style. Smaller, more colorful registrations, often calling for the use of two manuals and pedal, were used for chorale settings, duos, and trios. Hymn accompaniment required registrations that reflected both the nature of the hymn in question and the makeup of the congregation. According to contemporary accounts, Bach registered the organ in a unique way. The indications for specific stops found in surviving sources, though few in number, provide a glimpse of his approach.
Bach in Leipzig
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In 1723 Bach left Cöthen to assume the post of St. Thomas cantor and town music director in Leipzig. Bach approached his new position with great energy, initially composing almost 300 church cantatas before taking up the directorship of the “Telemann” Collegium Musicum and then, late in life, turning to private projects. Chapter 17 examines the effect of these undertakings on Bach’s organ music, which include the influence of his cantatas, the fusion of national and historical styles, and the increased role of revision and recycling. Also coming into play was the shift in Central German organ building toward instruments that could produce chamber-music sounds. While the early biographer Philipp Spitta called the Weimar years the “Golden Period” of Bach’s organ writing, the Leipzig years were perhaps even more remarkable, since many of the organ works Bach composed during his final decades forged new ground and pointed to styles of the future.
Cantata and Passion Movements with Obbligato Organ and Miscellaneous Trios
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Bach’s return to organ composition in Leipzig after a hiatus of almost 10 years took the form of cantata movements featuring obbligato organ. Seventeen such movements suddenly appeared in a series of six cantatas written for the third cantata cycle in 1726, and Bach went on to compose an additional 12 obbligato movements in later years. The instrument involved was not the small portative organ used in most recordings and performances today but the large type of organ found in the St. Thomas and St. Nicholas churches in Leipzig. The cantata music paved the way for the innovative Six Sonatas, which appeared just a few years later. Also pointing to the Sonatas is a series of trio transcriptions and compositions that emanated from Bach’s workshop between 1725 and 1730 or so. Chapter 18 examines these developments, as a prelude to the discussion of the Six Sonatas in chapter 19.
Nineteen Large Chorales of Various Sorts
Authors: Stauffer George B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Around 1739 Bach began to assemble a portfolio of chorale settings written earlier, mostly during the Weimar period. He initially entered 13 settings into the portfolio before laying it aside to focus on other things. He returned to the collection some years later, first adding two more chorale settings and then a revised version of the Canonic Variations on “Vom Himmel hoch,” BWV 769a. At a still later point, his son-in-law Johann Christoph Altnickol inserted two more settings, and an unidentified scribe entered the deathbed chorale, “Vor deinen Thron tret ich hermit,” BWV 668. These final entries appear to have taken place after Bach was blind and bedridden from eye operations performed in March 1750. The portfolio, the topic of chapter 25, shows Bach’s determination to preserve chorale preluding practices of the past as well as his desire to bring his music, through revision, to a still higher level of perfection.
The Case for Evidence-Based Parent Education Programs in Family Dispute Resolution
Authors: Sandler Irwin , O’Hara Karey , Wolchik Sharlene A. , Salem Peter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter makes the case for evidence-based parent education in the family courts. First, the authors review the history and current status of parent education in the family court and provide a decision matrix that courts can use to prioritize parent education for families. Second, they review evidence that children from divorced families are at risk for multiple problems and describe factors that mitigate that risk. Third, they review research that demonstrates the effectiveness of parent education for a broad spectrum of populations. Finally, they present a comprehensive review of research that supports the efficacy of some parent education programs to strengthen parenting, reduce interparental conflict, and reduce children’s problems following divorce. They also note that many parent education programs currently offered through the courts lack evidence of effectiveness. They conclude that family courts can make a significant contribution to the well-being of children by offering evidence-based parent education programs.
Prime Directive
Authors: Cook Steven A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 explores the evolution of the American commitment to secure the free flow of oil from the Middle East. That American mission progressed slowly in the decades following World War II but developed rapidly in the 1970s. The chapter focuses on a series of policies that Washington advanced starting with the Nixon Doctrine—also known as the Twin Pillars strategy—moving through the Carter Doctrine, and the Reagan Corollary, and on to Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm and the Dual Containment of the 1990s. Despite setbacks like the 1973 Arab oil embargo and the Iranian Revolution in 1979 that caused shocks to the global oil supply, they were quickly overcome. Overall, Washington was successful in its efforts to ensure the free flow of energy, but at the cost of its ideals and principles, given that the United States partnered with a variety of the Middle East’s authoritarian leaders to achieve this important goal.
The Aborted Revolution
Authors: Cook Steven A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 highlights the abortive efforts of presidents Obama and Trump to correct the mistakes of the previous decades and contain the transformative ambitions of US foreign policy. It demonstrates that the Obama administration deviated from this goal when it put the United States back in the democracy-promotion business after the Arab uprisings and when it negotiated the JCPOA. Despite protestations from officials to the contrary, central to the nuclear agreement was the idea that it would transform US-Iran relations and thus the regional geostrategic order. For his part, President Trump took up the rhetoric of “ending forever wars,” but his approach to the Middle East was incoherent, including both escalation and de-escalation in the region.
Transnational Solidarity
Authors: Somek Alexander 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since the days of the Schuman Declaration, European integration has been predicated on the idea that peaceful economic cooperation would give rise to “solidarity” among the peoples of Europe. Against this background, this chapter engages in a close reading of Durkheim’s concerning organic solidarity. The relevant structure of interaction and its attendant virtue can materialize in negative and positive form. In its positive from, the structure instills in people the readiness to conceive of themselves as a part of a whole and to act on the basis of such a self-conception; in its negative form, it gives rise to cooperative virtues, such as honesty, dependability, and abstention from violence. From a Durkheimian point of view, at any rate, there is no reason to be confident that positive transnational solidarity is going to arise automatically from economic integration.
Race and COVID-19
Authors: Chowkwanyun Merlin , Robinson Dean E. , Reed Adolph L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Racial disparities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality reflect pre-existing and persistent racial disparities in opportunities and access to resources. This chapter provides an overview of racialized disparities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, mortality, and vaccine distribution. In addition and, importantly, the chapter discusses reasons these racial disparities exist and persist, including the impact of structural barriers such as access to healthcare, the disproportionate number of racial/ethnic minorities in low-paid service and front-line jobs (e.g., grocery store clerks, janitors, childcare staff, hospital staff, public transit workers), residential segregation of neighborhoods (overcrowded housing, exposure to air pollution), healthcare provider bias, and medical mistrust.
Sexual and Gender Minority Health and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Timmins Liadh , Bharadwaj Kevalyn , Bhatt Krish J. , Duncan Dustin T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses how sexual and gender minorities (SGM) may be at increased risk for COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality. To illustrate, cisgender gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men (SMM) may be especially vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic. An underlying condition, such as AIDS, may put an individual at higher risk for disease, for example, COVID-19. Moreover, when efforts to control COVID-19 require social distancing, this may lead to diminished social support, which could increase HIV incidence, given that social network support has been found to be a protective factor against HIV infection. Further, COVID-19 may be of particular concern for those who smoke tobacco or marijuana and use other substances such as alcohol, for which SMM may be at high risk. Smoking behaviors may heighten biological vulnerability to COVID-19, while alcohol and other substance use may lead to disinhibition and sexual risk that heighten behavioral vulnerability to COVID-19. Increased sexual practices (e.g., sex with multiple casual partners) indeed will not only increase rates of HIV infection (already disproportionately high in SMM) but also COVID-19 infection. The chapter briefly discusses how gay men are prohibited from donating blood plasma to COVID-19 research. Intersectionality theory is discussed, including highlighting particular SGM populations that might be at high risk for COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality such as cisgender black SMM and transgender women of color.
Resilience, Resistance
Authors: Keane John , He Baogang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Empires are typically felled by their own arrogance, which is why their defiance of time by biding their time ultimately depends on their ability to learn from their mistakes, to change course when circumstances grow threatening, to know when to back down, and, not to be underestimated, to hide their arrogance by staying close to the ground when strong winds of doubt and criticism blow their way. The galaxy empire is similarly burdened by the functional requirements of public legitimacy. At home and abroad, its rulers are confronted by the fact that since power and authority are not the same thing, getting their way in the world—securing business contracts, winning support of member states within cross-border organizations, participating in joint military exercises, dealing with the United States—involves persuading others that ‘the rise of China’ and Chinese ways of wielding power are on balance a ‘win-win’ gift to the world. Striking is the way the galaxy empire isn’t framed by a single dominant ideology, a comprehensive story about its past, present, and future. There is something paradoxical and peculiar about the empire: its mixing and stirring of different and sometimes incompatible sets of political symbols.
Politics of Play
Authors: Hirst Aggie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Politics of Play: Wargaming with the US Military is the first book in international relations to examine the use of wargames in the world’s most powerful fighting forces. Since 2014, a wargaming renaissance has been under way in which a small but committed wargames community of practice has been empowered to proliferate their craft across the military’s strategic planning, professional education, and training regimes. Drawing in detail upon one hundred hours of interviews conducted at US military wargames and schoolhouses, Politics of Play examines the military’s use of games for recruitment, training, education, and research. It argues that by promoting a non-reflexive immersive state and cultivating a drive toward victory conditions, wargaming has both reality-producing and subject-producing properties. In addition, grounded in the thought of Jacques Derrida, it offers a new theorization of play—“deconstructive play”—as a practical means by which the politics and power relations at work in wargames might be identified and challenged. The book shows that, far from games and play being one and the same, games sit in tension with play insofar as games are systems or structures that arrest and direct play, often imposed from outside, while play involves the making and breaking of such rules by players themselves. Combining original empirical analysis with a new theory of play, Politics of Play offers a critical analysis of the use of wargaming to produce soldiers in the digital age.
The Scope and Limits of Partiality
Authors: Jeske Diane 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Scope and Limits of Partiality addresses both the theoretical and normative issues of partiality in the world today. The first part argues for the theoretical position that intimate relationships ground reasons for us to care for our intimates by arguing against consequentialist attempts to justify partiality (Chapter 2) and against attempts to ground such reasons on our projects and on the nature of our intimates (Chapters 3–4). The first part concludes with a defense of the claim that intimate relationships ground reasons, rather than simply modifying or intensifying already existent reasons (Chapter 4). The second part focuses on the nature of friendship and its justificatory force (Chapter 5), the nature of our intimacy with our companion animals (Chapter 6), and the role of the state and public policy in protecting and promoting intimate relationships (Chapter 7). Chapter 8 concludes with a discussion of the extent to which partiality may or may not be justified in the world as it is now. While it is argued that fundamental reasons to care for our intimates are grounded on our relationships to them, it is also argued that it is crucial to see that the weight of those reasons vis-à-vis other reasons depends on empirical facts about the world, and so the extent of justified partiality in action cannot be settled by the resources of philosophy alone.
Intimacy between Humans and Their Animal Companions
Authors: Jeske Diane 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Many people describe their cat or dog as their best friend. This chapter argues that whether or not we can understand our relationships to our companion animals, it is important to see how complex those relationships are in order to fully appreciate their uniquely valuable nature. Some standard accounts of the relationship between humans and their companion animals are considered—the guardian and dependent model, friendships of utility, pleasure, or admiration, and the companion friend model—and it is shown that while each has something important to say about these relationships, they are all incomplete. It is the complexity and diversity in these relationships that is important and resists categorization.
Tragedy, Philosophy, and Political Education in Plato's Laws
Authors: Balot Ryan K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhat are the prospects for ambitious political reform in communities of traditional, passionate, and even self-righteous citizens? Can thoughtful legislators create a healthy society for citizens whose judgment is typically unsound? This searching and provocative analysis addresses these timely—though universal—political questions by offering a novel interpretation of Plato’s Laws. Turning to the ancient past is essential to reinvigorating our contemporary understanding of these all-important issues. Previous readers have either celebrated the work’s idealism or denounced its totalitarianism. Balot, by contrast, refuses to interpret the dialogue as a political blueprint, whether admirable or misguided. He shows instead that it constitutes Plato’s greatest philosophical investigation of political life. In this transformative re-appraisal, Balot reveals that Plato’s goal was to cultivate a tragic attitude toward our political passions, commitments, and aspirations. The result is a profound political inquiry with far-reaching consequences.