bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study to Evaluate and Compare the Shear Bond Strength of Resilient Liners with Heat Cure Denture Base Resins, with and without the Effect of Saliva: An in vitro Study
Authors: Reddy K Srinivas , Rao N Venugopal , Rao C Satyanageshwar , Reddy S Sreedhar , Prasad G Maruthi , Naik Madhukeshwara S 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of resilient liners with heat cure denture base resins in the presence or absence of saliva.

Materials and methods
Two commercially available heat polymerized acrylics and three commercially available denture liners were immersed in artificial saliva for 7 days and 14 days, respectively. A total of 180 (Acralyn-H, No.90 and Lucitone - 199, No.90) specimens were prepared. Total of 90 overlapping joint specimens were prepared, 45 of them using Acralyn H (AGroup) and rest 45 using Lucitone-199 (L-Group). The specimens were tested for flexural strength with a 3-point bending test on an Instron universal testing machine. The results were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results
The mean difference in shear bond strength (SBS) at different time intervals was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). Lucitone-199 recorded a significantly higher mean SBS compared to Acralyn H (p < 0.001). Further, significant differences between GC and Densply, GC and Aswin liners, and between Dentsply and Aswin were noted (p < 0.001). Difference between baseline and 7 days time interval, as well as, between baseline and 14 days time interval with respect to the mean SBS of these materials were significant (p < 0.001). Also, the mean difference in SBS between 7 days time interval and 14 days time interval was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Among the three different liners, GC yielded a higher mean SBS compared to Aswin and Dentsply at all the three time intervals. The mean SBS recorded in Dentsply and Aswin was almost same at 14 days time interval, but at baseline and 7 days, it was higher in Aswin compared to Dentsply.

Conclusion
Lucitone-199 recorded a higher mean SBS compared to Acralyn H. As the time interval increases, the mean SBS recorded in both the denture base materials decrease. Among the three different liners, GC yields a higher mean SBS compared to Aswin and Dentsply at all the three time intervals.

Clinical significance
The most common reason for failures of resilient linings in removable dentures is the separation of these linings from the denture base. Therefore, poor adhesive bond properties are one of the serious defects of the material in clinical practice.

How to cite this article
Rao CS, Reddy SS, Prasad GM, Reddy KS, Rao NV, Naik MS. A Study to Evaluate and Compare the Shear Bond Strength of Resilient Liners with Heat Cure Denture Base Resins, with and without the Effect of Saliva: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):394-400.
Surface Morphological Changes in Human Enamel Following Bleaching: An in vitro Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Ranganath LM , Rao B Sunil , Rajesh AG , Kumar KS Prem 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphological and structural changes of the enamel induced by three bleaching agents namely old McInnes solution, modified McInnes solution and 10% carbamide peroxide gel at different time intervals.

Materials and methods
Fifteen freshly extracted noncarious human central incisors with intact enamel surface were selected. The teeth were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction separating the crown portion from the root using a diamond separating disk. Following this, the samples were subjected to three different bleaching agents: Group 1: Old McInnes solution, group 2: modified McInnes solution and group 3: 10% carbamide peroxide for a period of 15, 30 and 60 minutes, 24 and 30 hours time interval. The sample stubs were subjected to scanning electron microscope and were photographed at 2000 and 10,000 magnifications.

Conclusion
The present study revealed no indication of either etching or significant change in surface morphology of enamel when evaluated under scanning electron microscope after 6 weeks treatment with various bleaching agents.

Clinical significance
Morphological alterations in bleached enamel are both concentration and time dependent.

How to cite this article
Rajesh AG, Ranganath LM, Kumar KSP, Rao BS. Surface Morphological Changes in Human Enamel Following Bleaching: An in vitro Scanning Electron Microscopic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):405-415.
Using the Self-etch Adhesives in Anterior Restoration
Authors: de Oliveira Júnior Osmir Batista , de Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , Saad José Roberto Cury , de Campos Edson Alves , de Toledo Porto Neto Sizenando , Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Kabbach William 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
With the arrival of self-etch adhesives systems, there has been a rise in interest among clinicians, making it imperative for health professionals to have knowledge of the properties, characteristics, the association as well as the dental structures of these materials, in order to select them and use them correctly. The self-etch adhesive systems show good values of bond strength, microleakage and performance, and have therefore become an option in direct adhesive restorations. In the regard, this case study aims to describe the technique involving the use of selfetch adhesives system for direct restoration of anterior teeth.

How to cite this article
Tonetto MR, Kabbach W, de Campos EA, de Oliveira Junior OB, de Toledo Porto Neto S, Saad JRC, de Andrade MF. Using the Self-etch Adhesives in Anterior Restoration. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):421-424.
La politique étrangère du Canada après le 11 septembre
Authors: Cooper Andrew F. 
Published: July 2012

Nous tentons ici de tirer quelques conclusions préliminaires à propos de la politique étrangère du Canada depuis les événements du 11 septembre 2001. Nous affirmons que la caractéristique distinctive de cette crise fut la concrétisation de l’éloignement des priorités apportées par la doctrine axworthienne‚ fondée sur la sécurité humaine et les partenariats d’États adhérant aux mêmes valeurs. L’accent fut plutôt mis sur « l’enjeu principal » qu’est la relation bilatérale canado-américaine. D’une part, le Premier ministre et ses conseillers ont démontré, en surface, une ambivalence calculée à l’égard de la gestion des relations canado-américaines. Mais en substance, le principal avocat de « l’enjeu principal » (John Manley) définissait la problématique frontalière en termes d’intérêts canadiens et non nord-américains : on refusait de parler de la frontière en termes de périmètre et on a mis l’accent sur des mesures progressives et technologiques avec la notion de la « frontière intelligente ». Les événements subséquents ont aussi eu tendance à confirmer la quête d’un équilibre entre un bilatéralisme concentré et un multilatéralisme diffus.
Souveraineté et sécurité
Authors: Michaud Nelson 
Published: July 2012

Face aux événements qui ont frappé les États-Unis et le monde, il y a un an, le Canada se trouve à une croisée de chemins importante. D’un côté, son statut de puissance moyenne dépend en très grande partie de l’influence qu’il exerce, au-delà de sa puissance militaire et économique, dans le concert des nations ; cette influence est tributaire de la marge de manoeuvre sur laquelle reposent ses interventions et cette marge de manoeuvre est elle-même délimitée par le niveau de souveraineté sur lequel le Canada peut compter. De l’autre, sa proximité géographique, ses alliances militaires et son intégration économique de plus en plus grande en regard des États-Unis l’incitent à ne pas faire la sourde oreille aux demandes de Washington. Quelle route doit-il privilégier ? Celle de la protection de la souveraineté qui assure son statut ou celle de la sécurité continentale qui assure son bien-être ? En se basant sur la grille typologique définie par Krasner quant aux diverses formes de souveraineté, cette étude analyse la menace à la souveraineté canadienne que pose la nouvelle donne continentale en matière de sécurité.
Pearl Harbor et le World Trade Center
Authors: Roussel Stéphane 
Published: July 2012

L’attaque japonaise sur Pearl Harbor en décembre 1941, de même que celles contre le World Trade Center et le Pentagone en septembre 2001, ont eu un impact direct sur les relations canado-américaines, notamment en accélérant le processus d’intégration de la défense entre les deux États. Les avis sont cependant partagés sur les conséquences de ce phénomène, certains craignant une atteinte à la souveraineté canadienne, tandis que d’autres y perçoivent une opportunité de renforcer les liens économiques et politiques. Cette étude est une comparaison de l’évolution des relations bilatérales au cours des mois qui ont précédé et suivi les crises de 1941 et 2001. Elle permet d’abord de voir que la dynamique de ces relations obéit, malgré le temps qui les sépare, à une dynamique semblable, que résument bien les termes du « Serment de Kingston ». Elle permet aussi de conclure que les craintes et les espoirs suscités, au Canada, par le processus d’intégration avec les États-Unis, ne sont souvent pas fondés.
Les défis pour le Canada en matière d’aide publique au développement
Authors: Rioux Jean-Sébastien 
Published: July 2012

Lors du sommet des pays du G8 à Kananaskis en juin 2002, le Canada a fait figure de leader international en chapeautant le Plan d’action pour l’Afrique. Dans cet article, nous examinons le programme canadien d’aide publique au développement international (apd) durant les années 1990 pour évaluer plusieurs hypothèses sur les allocations d’apd. Nous découvrons, entre autres choses, que le Canada envoie plus d’aide aux pays membres du Commonwealth ; que le contenu de la couverture médiatique des récipiendaires d’aide peut avoir une influence significative sur les flux d’aide ; et que le Canada, contrairement à ce qu’il prône dans son discours officiel, ne privilégie pas pour autant les pays démocratiques où se pratique la « bonne gouvernance ». Ces résultats nous incitent à réfléchir sur l’avenir du programme d’aide au développement dans le cadre de « l’après 11 septembre ». Pour que le programme d’aide canadien fonctionne mieux, nous suggérons quelques pistes dans la conclusion.
Una gran familia
Authors: Gecelovsky Paul 
Published: July 2012

La zléa n’est pas qu’un simple accord de libre-échange ; il s’agit plutôt du canevas d’une nouvelle architecture régionale incorporant libre-échange et démocratie afin de rehausser le niveau de sécurité au sein de la région. La principale considération du Canada en ce qui concerne cette nouvelle architecture régionale est la création d’une collectivité ordonnée sur le plan politique et économique. Nous avançons ici que, pour le Canada, l’objectif de la zléa est de contribuer à la création d’une communauté des Amériques, que le premier ministre Jean Chrétien a appelé « una gran familia ».
Nouvelles identités professionnelles des femmes et syndicalisme : une possible compatibilité ?
Authors: Le Capitaine Catherine 
Published: July 2012

Cette étude examine le cas du Mouvement Desjardins dans le secteur financier au Québec. À partir d’un sondage téléphonique auprès de 576 employées syndiquées du Mouvement Desjardins, les principaux résultats de cette recherche quantitative font valoir une plus grande remise en question du syndicalisme par les professionnelles, les personnes développant de faibles sociabilités au travail et celles qui sont insatisfaites de leur salaire. En contrepartie, les conditions de travail défavorables et les actions syndicales proactives et démocratiques renforcent l’adhésion syndicale des femmes.Le cadre de la recherche sollicite quatre approches théoriques afin de dégager les principaux éléments du rapport d’emploi pouvant affecter l’adhésion syndicale. Tout en considérant les approches matérialiste et instrumentale, le principal apport théorique de cet article prescrit une jonction entre les nouvelles identités professionnelles des femmes, sources d’effritement du syndicalisme, et les actions syndicales, sources de renforcement du syndicalisme.En s’insérant dans les débats actuels sur l’avenir du syndicalisme, cet article se penche sur le rapport identitaire des femmes syndiquées à l’égard du syndicalisme. En abordant la crise du syndicalisme par la difficulté de représenter la main-d’oeuvre professionnelle dans le secteur des services, cette étude vise à saisir l’arrimage entre les nouvelles identités professionnelles des femmes et l’adhésion syndicale.
L’écriture de l’histoire au présent. Débuts de l’historiographie du cinéma
Authors: Kessler Frank , Lenk Sabine 
Published: July 2012

Dès la fin duxixesiècle, on trouve de nombreux textes qui abordent la cinématographie comme un objet ayant une histoire. Ainsi, les photographies animées sont inscrites dans une, voire plusieurs histoires qui, d’une part, les rattachent à des découvertes techniques ou scientifiques du passé et, d’autre part, en esquissent l’évolution à la fois technique et, parfois du moins, formelle. Les auteurs de l’article qui suit cherchent à distinguer quatre dimensions dans ces écrits. Ces dimensions concernent, respectivement, l’établissement d’une généalogie, les querelles de priorité, l’incorporation de l’histoire dans la description de la technologie et, finalement, les débuts d’une histoire des formes. Ajoutons à cela que ces champs d’analyse comportent tous destopoïqui seront repris par la suite par les histoires du cinéma traditionnelles.
Pore Filling of Spiro‐OMeTAD in Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Determined Via Optical Reflectometry
Authors: Docampo Pablo , Hey Andrew , Guldin Stefan , Gunning Robert , Steiner Ullrich , Snaith Henry J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA simple strategy is presented to determine the pore‐filling fraction of the hole‐conductor 2,2‐7,7‐tetrakis‐N,N‐di‐pmethoxyphenylamine‐9,9‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) into mesoporous photoanodes in solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells (ss‐DSCs). Based on refractive index determination by the film's reflectance spectra and using effective medium approximations the volume fractions of the constituent materials can be extracted, hence the pore‐filling fraction quantified. This non‐destructive method can be used with complete films and does not require detailed model assumptions. Pore‐filling fractions of up to 80% are estimated for optimized solid‐state DSC photoanodes, which is higher than that previously estimated by indirect methods. Additionally, transport and recombination lifetimes as a function of the pore‐filling fraction are determined using photovoltage and photocurrent decay measurements. While extended electron lifetimes are observed with increasing pore‐filling fractions, no trend is found in the transport kinetics. The data suggest that a pore‐filling fraction of greater than 60% is necessary to achieve optimized performance in ss‐DSCs. This degree of pore‐filling is even achieved in 5 μm thick mesoporous photoanodes. It is concluded that pore‐filling is not a limiting factor in the fabrication of “thick” ss‐DSCs with spiro‐OMeTAD as the hole‐conductor.
Designing Bio‐Inspired Adhesives for Shear Loading: From Simple Structures to Complex Patterns
Authors: Bartlett Michael D. , Croll Andrew B. , Crosby Alfred J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe gecko has inspired numerous synthetic adhesive structures, yet under shear loading conditions, general design criteria remains underdeveloped. To provide guidance for bio‐inspired adhesives under shear, a simple scaling theory is used to investigate the relevant geometric and material parameters. The total compliance of an elastic attachment feature is described over many orders of magnitude in aspect ratio through a single continuous function using the superposition of multiple deformation modes such as bending, shear deformation, and tensile elongation. This allows for force capacity predictions of common geometric control parameters such as thickness, aspect ratio, and contact area. This superposition principal is extended to develop criteria for patterned interfaces under shear loading. Importantly, the adhesive patterns under shear are controlled through the compliance in the direction of loading. These predictions are confirmed experimentally using macroscopic building blocks over an extensive range of aspect ratio and contact area. Over 25 simple and complex patterns with various contact geometries are examined, and the effect of geometry and material properties on the shear adhesion behavior is discussed. Furthermore, all of these various attachment features are described with a single scaling parameter, offering control over orders of magnitude in adhesive force capacity for a variety of applications.
Surface‐Confined Electroactive Molecules for Multistate Charge Storage Information
Authors: Mas‐Torrent M. , Rovira C. , Veciana J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBi‐stable molecular systems with potential for applications in binary memory devices are raising great interest for device miniaturization. Particular appealing are those systems that operate with electrical inputs since they are compatible with existing electronic technologies. The processing of higher memory densities in these devices could be accomplished by increasing the number of memory states in each cell, although this strategy has not been much explored yet. Here we highlight the recent advances devoted to the fabrication of charge‐storage molecular surface‐confined devices exhibiting multiple states. Mainly, this goal has been realized immobilizing a variety (or a combination) of electroactive molecules on a surface, although alternative approaches employing non‐electroactive systems have also been described. Undoubtedly, the use of molecules with chemically tunable properties and nanoscale dimensions are raising great hopes for the devices of the future in which molecules can bring new perspectives such as multistability.
Top‐illuminated Organic Photovoltaics on a Variety of Opaque Substrates with Vapor‐printed Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) Top Electrodes and MoO3 Buffer Layer
Authors: Barr Miles C. , Howden Rachel M. , Lunt Richard R. , Bulović Vladimir , Gleason Karen K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOrganic photovoltaics devices typically utilize illumination through a transparent substrate, such as glass or an optically clear plastic. Utilization of opaque substrates, including low cost foils, papers, and textiles, requires architectures that instead allow illumination through the top of the device. Here, we demonstrate top‐illuminated organic photovoltaics, employing a dry vapor‐printed poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polymer anode deposited by oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) on top of a small‐molecule organic heterojunction based on vacuum‐evaporated tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP) and C60 heterojunctions. Application of a molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) buffer layer prior to oCVD deposition increases the device photocurrent nearly 10 times by preventing oxidation of the underlying photoactive DBP electron donor layer during the oCVD PEDOT deposition, and resulting in power conversion efficiencies of up to 2.8% for the top‐illuminated, ITO‐free devices, approximately 75% that of the conventional cell architecture with indium‐tin oxide (ITO) transparent anode (3.7%). Finally, we demonstrate the broad applicability of this architecture by fabricating devices on a variety of opaque surfaces, including common paper products with over 2.0% power conversion efficiency, the highest to date on such fiber‐based substrates.
Determinants and Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility in German Agribusiness: A PLS Model
Authors: Heyder Matthias , Theuvsen Ludwig 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe authors analyze the determinants and effects of a corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy for enterprises in the German agribusiness. Based on an overview of the literature addressing interrelations between society and agribusiness, we define CSR. Next a theoretical framework that explains the interrelationships between CSR, its various determinants, corporate reputation, and financial performance is introduced. Then the results of a survey of 170 German agribusiness companies are presented and using partial least squares (PLS) methodology for evaluating a structural equation model, they test their conceptual framework. CSR efforts in their sample are significantly influenced by the competitive strategy a company pursues, its number of employees, and the degree of altruism it incorporates. Moreover, in their model CSR efforts significantly enhance corporate reputation. They conclude with some theoretical and managerial implications and outline some future research directions. [EconLit classifications: Q130, M140] © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cortical remyelination: A new target for repair therapies in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chang Ansi , Staugaitis Susan M. , Dutta Ranjan , Batt Courtney E. , Easley Kathryn E. , Chomyk Anthony M. , Yong V. Wee , Fox Robert J. , Kidd Grahame J. , Trapp Bruce D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective:Generation and differentiation of new oligodendrocytes in demyelinated white matter is the best described repair process in the adult human brain. However, remyelinating capacity falters with age in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Because demyelination of cerebral cortex is extensive in brains from MS patients, we investigated the capacity of cortical lesions to remyelinate and directly compared the extent of remyelination in lesions that involve cerebral cortex and adjacent subcortical white matter.Methods:Postmortem brain tissue from 22 patients with MS (age 27–77 years) and 6 subjects without brain disease were analyzed. Regions of cerebral cortex with reduced myelin were examined for remyelination, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, reactive astrocytes, and molecules that inhibit remyelination.Results:New oligodendrocytes that were actively forming myelin sheaths were identified in 30 of 42 remyelinated subpial cortical lesions, including lesions from 3 patients in their 70s. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells were not decreased in demyelinated or remyelinated cortices when compared to adjacent normal‐appearing cortex or controls. In demyelinated lesions involving cortex and adjacent white matter, the cortex showed greater remyelination, more actively remyelinating oligodendrocytes, and fewer reactive astrocytes. Astrocytes in the white matter, but not in cortical portions of these lesions, significantly upregulate CD44, hyaluronan, and versican, molecules that form complexes that inhibit oligodendrocyte maturation and remyelination.Interpretation:Endogenous remyelination of the cerebral cortex occurs in individuals with MS regardless of disease duration or chronological age of the patient. Cortical remyelination should be considered as a primary outcome measure in future clinical trials testing remyelination therapies. ANN NEUROL 2012