bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Iron in Pathogenesis of Guinea Pigs Infected with Yersinia Enterocolitica 0:3
Authors: Nikolova S. , Vesselinova A. , Veljanov D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryExamined have been the pathogenesis of guinea pigs preliminarily overload with iron, and infected with Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 in a logarithmic and stationary phase of development, cultivated at 25 °C and 37 °C. Dextrofer‐100 (Fedex‐100) medicine have been used as an iron source. The results show that in spite of the phase of development and cultivation temperature, the iron excess does not increase the bacterial virulence of the strain used so far. The morphological changes in the mesenterial lymphatic nodes, small intestines, spleen and liver of guinea pigs treated with iron, and then, infected with Y. enterocolitica, are more slightly expressed as compared with animals infected with Y. enterocolitica only.The investigations suggested so far, have attested that Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 does not contain a gene responsible for the synthesis of the protein participating in iron uptake.
Evolution of Histidine Decarboxylase Bacterial Groups during the Ripening of Spanish Semipreserved Anchovies
Authors: Rodriguez‐Jerez J. J. , Lopez‐Sabater E. I. , Roig‐Sagues A. X. , Mora‐Ventura M. T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWe have studied the count evolutions of total aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, psychrotrophic microorganisms, enterobacteria, faecal coliforms, sulphite‐reducing bacteria and vibrio in spanish semi‐preserved anchovies. These microorganisms are a sanitary index of the product and may produce high concentrations of histamine in both fresh and processed fish. The influence of NaCl concentration, redox potential, oxygen concentration and pH on bacterial growth have also been studied. With the exception of the sulphite‐reducers and vibrio, the counts of the different bacterial groups decreased during the first two weeks of ripening, but later stabilized. The faecal coliforms did not appear in the culture media after these first two weeks, and the enterobacteria, what initially did not appear after first two weeks too, are detected at final phases probably for the final manipulation of elaboration processes. The count of the sulfite‐reducers remained unchanged during the whole ripening process. Vibrio were not detected in any of the samples studied. NaCl and oxygen concentrations were the main factors influencing the decreasing bacterial counts. According to our results, the accumulation of high histamine concentrations in salted fish could be due to poor quality of the raw material, to inadequate handling or to other causes during its shelf life. The relationship with the histamine activity is probably due more to the presence of the halophilic or halotolerant microorganisms.
Effect of Partially PurifiedStaphylococcus aureusBeta‐Haemolysin on the Mammary Gland of the Mouse
Authors: Calvinho L. F. , Donnelly W. J. , Dodd K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPartially purifiedStaphylococcus aureusBeta‐haemolysin and aS. aureusstrain (FGH28), isolated from a clinical case of bovine mastitis, known to producein vitroBeta‐, but neither Alpha‐ nor Delta‐haemolysins were each injected separately into the mammary gland of mice. Relative purity andin vitrobiological activities of this preparation were assessed. The effects of both the partially purified preparation and theS. aureusstrain injected were assessed in terms of mortality, clinical appearance, macroscopic and microscopic changes, recovery of organisms from the inoculated glands and biological acitivity in supernatants from ground mammary glands. When injected alone, partially purified Beta‐Haemolysin was not found to be an important virulence factor, being a diffuse infiltration of neutrophils into the alveoli the pathological effect observed following its inoculation. Vascular lesions were observed, in the most severe cases, following injection ofS. aureusFGH28.
Specificity of the Skin Delayed‐Type Hypersensitivity Test in Brucellosis Free Cattle Tested with aBrucellaAllergen
Authors: Bercovich Z. , Haagsma J. , van Lipzig J. H. H. , Taaijke R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA study was conducted to determine possible nonspecific skin delyed‐type hypersensitivity (SDTH) test reactions in cattle tested with aBrucellaallergen.Cattle (n = 14) experimentally inoculated with microorganisms known serologically to crossreact with Brucella and cattle (n = 549) fromBrucellafree herds were tested serologically and with the SDTH test. The increase in skinfold thickness at the injection site of the allergen was measured to the nearest mm with calipers 48 hours after injection.The results show that none of the SDTH test reactions in cattle experimentally inoculated with microorganisms other thanBrucellaexceeded 2,0 mm. This indicates that an increase in skinfold thickness ≥ 2,0 mm can be considered a positive SDTH test reaction. When this norm was applied to cattle inBrucella freeherds 11/549 (2 %) cattle showed an increase ≥ 2,0.It is concluded that infections with microorganisms other thanBrucellaare unlikely to cause sensitization that interferes with the SDTH test when used to detect brucellosis. Therefore, the SDTH test can be used to verify positive serologic tests results that might have been caused by microorganisms that serologically cross‐react withBrucella.
Encapsulation of Streptococci Isolated from Bovine Milk
Authors: Matthews K. R. , Oliver S. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCapsule expression was assessed by India ink staining in 95 streptococcal and enterococcal isolates representing 8 species. Organisms were evaluated after primary culture on blood agar and after storage in 10 % skim milk at −80 °C. Seventeen of 95 primary culture samples were positive for an unstained halo (capsule) by India ink. Only 3 isolates were positive for capsule after being maintained for an extended period of time. To confirm results of India ink tests, an unencapsulated and encapsulated strain of each species was observed by electron microscopy. Cells of encapsulated strains were surrounded by thread‐like fibers indicative of capsule, whereas cells of unencapsulated strains had a smooth surface. The importance of capsule in the pathogenesis of streptococcal mastitis is unknown. Studies on capsule expression by streptococci may facilitate investigations on the pathogenesis of streptococcal mastitis.
Unexpected Isolation of Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus from Commercial Embryonated Fowls' Eggs
Authors: Capua I. , Scacchia M. , Toscani T. , Caporale V. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe authors report a case of casual isolation of virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from embryonated eggs. The virus was isolated from uninfected chicken embryo liver and fibroblast cultures prepared from commercial embryonated fowls' eggs. A serological and virological investigation carried out on the breeders which had laid those eggs showed high titres against NDV, and virus isolation from cloacal swabs. The virus was also isolated from the progeny of the same breeders which showed no clinical signs of ND, following episodes of mortality. Vertical transmission of the virus is discussed.
Effects of Interleukin‐1 and Interleukin‐2 on Mammary Gland Leukocyte Populations and Histology during the Early Nonlactating Period
Authors: Nickerson S. C. , Owens W. E. , Rejman J. J. , Oliver S. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEight Jersey cows free of intramammary infection (IMI) with major mastitis pathogens were intramammarily infused with interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐2, or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) after the last milking prior to drying off. Rectal temperatures were monitored hourly through 6 hours after infusion and at 24‐hour intervals thereafter. Quarter secretions were collected 7 days prior to drying off, at drying off, and on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 of the nonlactating period. Cows were slaughtered and mammary tissues were collected at 7 (3 cows) and 14 (5 cows) days after treatment. The infusion of 10 μg of IL‐1 produced an elevation in rectal temperature that was significantly higher than that of cows receiving IL‐2 or PBS at 4, 5, and 6 hours after treatment, whereas cows receiving 1.0 mg of IL‐2 exhibited no change in rectal temperature. Somatic cell counts (SCC) in mammary glands infused with IL‐1 or IL‐2 remained significantly elevated over PBS‐infused control glands through day 4 after treatment. Neutrophils predominated in secretions of IL‐1‐treated glands, and macrophages and lymphocytes predominated in IL‐2‐treated glands. The mammary involution process was accelerated by IL‐2, and tissues exhibited reductions in alveolar epithelial and luminal areas and increases in connective tissue stroma and degree of leukocytosis compared with IL‐1 and control glands. Concentrations of plasma cells producing IgG1, IgG2, IgA, and IgM also were greatest following IL‐2 infusion. Results suggest that IL‐2 is superior to IL‐1 in stimulating an increase in mammary mononuclear cell populations and in accelerating involution during the early nonlactating period.
Composting of Cattle and Pig Manure
Authors: Forshell L. Plym 
Published: May 2010

SummaryStudies of solid manure treatment on 83 Swedish dairy farms showed that no composting process occurred in the majority of cases while high temperatures could be found in the manure in 27 of 34 piglet producing farms. It was found that at least 2.5 kg of straw per cow and day must be used to get a manure that can be composted without forced aeration or turning of the material. It was also found that the straw should be given as bedding.
Microbial Contaminants Found in Low Egg Passage Rabies Vaccine Used in Nigeria
Authors: Adeyemi I. G. , Ikheloa J. O. , Ogundipe G. A. T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBacteriological and mycological examinations (cultural and biochemical characteristics) identified 4 pathogenic organisms as contaminants in 6 out of 7 LEP batch 20 rabies vaccines produced 1990 in Nigeria. Cryptococcus neoformans and Penicillium spp. were isolated from 5 vaccine samples, while one sample additionally also contained Rhizopus and Pseudomonas. One vaccine sample was negative for microbial contaminants. Improper conditions of vaccine production and storage are discussed.
Serological Studies on the Potential Synergism of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Influenza‐, Corona‐ and Paramyxoviruses in the Induction of Respiratory Symptoms in Swine
Authors: Groschup M. H. , Brun A. , Haas B. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySera from 265 finishing pigs belonging to 70 herds, in which severe respiratory disorders were observed, were examined for antibody prevalence to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), influenza virus subtypes H3N2 and H1N1, porcine respiratory corona virus (PRCV) and a recently described porcine paramyxovirus (PPMV). By immuneperoxidase‐monolayer assay 69.1 % of these sera were positive for PRRSV. Hemagglutination inhibiting activity was found in 55.1 % of the sera for influenza virus subtype H1N1 (strain A/swine/Arnsberg/1/81). in 51.3 % for influenza virus subtype H3N2 (strain A/Hong Kong/1/68) and in 14.3 % for PPMV. PRCV specific antibodies, as determined by differential competitive blocking enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay were demonstrated in 192 of 236 (81.3 %) sera.In order to reveal associations interspecific coefficients were calculated for antibody prevalence between PRRSV and the other viruses. Positive associations to PRRSV titres were found to PRCV, PPMV and influenza virus subtype H1N1 titres. χ‐square analysis showed the statistical significance of associations regarding PRCV and influenza virus subtype H1N1. Depletion of lung macrophages after PRRSV infection is discussed as a possible mechanism for the promotion of secondary infections.
Purification of Coxiella burnetii Antigen by Gelchromatography for Use in Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)*
Authors: Sting R. , Westphal K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCell wall antigens fromCoxiella burnetiiwere extracted by heat, ultrasonication, phenol, SDS or sodium deoxycholate. These antigens were subsequently purified by gelchromatography yielding molecular weights of 700 and 270 KD. Using gelchromatographical purification of antigens extracted by heat, ultrasonocation or phenolCoxiellaantigens nearly devoid of contaminations could be obtained. Of these highly purified antigens heat extracted antigen was treated with proteases, lysozyme or metaperiodate exemplaryly. These treatments did neither destroy nor chànge its antigenic activity, except for the treatment with metaperiodate reducing the antigenic activity significantly.In further experiments heat extracted and gelchromatographically purifiedCoxiellaantigen was used for testing bovine sera in ELISA.
Pathogenesis of Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus Infection in Turkeys
Authors: Hussain I. , Choi C. U. , Rings B. S. , Shaw D. P. , Nagaraja K. V. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe pathogenesis of hemorrhagic enteritis was investigated in 4‐week‐old specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) turkeys after oral administration of hemorrhagic enteritis virus. The virus antigen was detected and quantified in tissues at various days post‐infection (DPI) by an avidin‐biotin‐enhanced enzyme immunoassay and was located by a monoclonal antibody‐based immunoperoxidase (IP) staining technique. In the intestinal tract, low levels of viral antigen were detected from 1 to 3 and 9 to 15 DPI, whereas high antigen levels were found from 4 to 7 DPI. The bursa had viral antigen from 2 to 7 DPI. The plasma fraction of blood was positive for the antigen at day 1 PI and the cellular fraction of blood on day 3 PI. Antigen was first detected in the spleen at 2 DPI and reached a peak on day 6 PI. Initially, the viral antigen was present in a few reticular cells of the spleen and an increase in IP positive cells occurred with time. The maximum number of inclusion bodies in the spleen were found on day 6 PI. Following splenomegaly, viremia resulted in high levels of the virus appearing in the lamina propria of the small intestine. The lamina propria had numerous lymphoreticular cells positive for intranuclear viral inclusions from 5–7 DPI. It was at this time that intestinal congestion and hemorrhage were seen. The results suggest that HEV replicates first in the lymphoid cells of intestinal tract including the bursa, and then in those of the spleen with consequent HEV antigen widely distributed in the body. The time course of the high levels of HEV (mainly 4–7 DPI) in the lymphoid organs (cells), and occurrence of hemorrhagic enteritis (congestion, hyperemia) from 5 to 7 DPI and intestinal hemorrhage (5–8 DPI) appear to suggest that the intestinal lesion may be an immune‐mediated response.
Concentrations of 2,3‐Diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) in Canine Blood (Healthy Dogs, Dogs with Cardiopulmonary Insufficiency and Dogs with Renal Insufficiency)
Authors: Rodriguez‐Franco F. , Tesouro‐Diez M.A. , Rodriguez‐Sanchez M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study deals with the determination of 2,3‐DPG concentrations in canine blood. The results obtained demonstrate the intraerythrocytic location of this organic phosphate as well as its equimolar relationship with the haemoglobin tetramers in blood obtained from clinically healthy dogs. The average value obtained for this group of healthy dogs (n = 93) was 5.81 ± 0.07 mmol of 2,3‐DPG/L of erythrocytes. In dogs with cardio‐pulmonary insufficiency (n = 12) and uraemic syndrome (n = 10), a greater concentration of 2,3‐DPG was observed, together with a loss of the equimolar relationship between this phosphate and the Hb tetramers. Furthermore, in the group of dogs with uraemic syndrome we observed a highly significant correlation between the blood values of urea and the concentration of 2,3‐DPG expressed in relation to the haemoglobin tetramers.
Demonstration of Sindbis Virus Antigen in Lowicryl‐Embedded Cultured Cells by Immunogold Staining
Authors: Booke A. , Drommer W. , Kaup F.‐J. , Robenek H. , Truyen U. , Greiser‐Wilke I. , Kaaden O.‐R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were tested for the use in immunogold staining of Sindbis virus (SIN) antigen in cultured Baby Hamster kidney (BHK) cells. The antibodies were directed against the capsid (C) protein (5) or against the glycoprotein E1 (3), respectively. Four out of five anti‐C MAbs and two out of three anti‐E1 Mabs reacted on frozen sections, whereas two of the anti‐C antibodies and none of the anti‐E1 antibodies reacted on Lowicryl K4M‐emedded cells. The MAbs reacting, in particular the anti‐C Mabs which react on Lowicryl K4M‐sections, will allow further studies of the pathogenesis and replication of alphaviruses on the cellular level. The results also confirm the conformation‐dependence of the glycoprotein epitopes.
Effects of Concurrent Oral Administration of Lead, Selenium or Monensin on Hepatic Porphyrin Levels in Broiler Chickens During Sub‐acute Toxicosis
Authors: Khan M. Z. , Szarek J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryLiver‐porphyrin levels were found to have increased during sub‐acute lead toxicosis. The presence of selenium or monensin in the diet of lead‐intoxicated birds resulted in a further increase of liver‐porphyrin levels. The results of this study indicate the presence of an interaction between lead and selenium or monensin in producing an increase in porphyrins in the liver tissue of broiler chickens.
A ‘Novel’ Infectious Bronchitis Strain Infecting Broiler Chickens in Italy
Authors: Capua I. , Gough R. E. , Mancini M. , Casaccia C. , Weiss C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn outbreak of severe respiratory disease in flocks of broiler chickens was associated with the isolation of a ‘novel’ strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The isolate, designated 624/I, was isolated from 9 of the 11 flocks sampled. The results of cross neutralisation and haemagglutination‐inhibition tests showed isolate 624/I to be antigenically distinct from several European and American strains. In a serological survey carried out on affected flocks, specific antibodies to IBV strain 624/I and turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) virus were detected.
Prepartum Antibiotic Therapy with a Cephapirin Dry‐Cow Product Against Naturally Occurring Intramammary Infections in Heifers
Authors: Owens W. E. , Nickerson S. C. , Washburn P. J. , Ray C. H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIntramammary infusion of a dry‐cow antibiotic preparation containing 300 mg of cephapirin benzathine into 18 Jersey heifers, 10–12 weeks prepartum, resulted in cure rates of existing intramammary infection (IMI) of 96 % (24/25), 100 % (4/4), and 90 % (28/31) forStaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcusspecies, andStaphylococcusspecies, respectively. Cure rates of IMI that had been treated with a lactating‐cow therapy containing 200 mg cephapirin benzathine at parturition were 62.5 % (15/24), 100 % (22/22), and 100 % (3/3) forStaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcusspecies, andStaphylococcusspecies, respectively. Initial somatic cell counts (SCC) of secretions from infected quarters were greater than from uninfected quarters. At 2 months postpartum, the SCC of milk from treated and cured quarters were reduced in comparison with quarters that remained infected. Cephapirin benzathine was present at detectable concentrations in 94, 80, 68, and 61 % of treated quarters at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after infusion of the cephapirin dry‐cow product, respectively. At parturition, 24 % of treated quarters were positive for antibiotic, however, no quarters remained positive for antibiotic at 5 days postpartum. An additional 40 heifers from a commercial herd were sampled and infused in all quarters with the cephapirin dry‐cow product at 16–20 weeks prepartum. Cure rates for the commercial herd were 94 % (29/31), 94 % (16/17), 100 % (44/44), and 100 % (3/3), respectively, for quarters infected byS. aureus, Streptococcusspecies,Staphylococcusspecies, and coliforms.
Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Jejunal and Ileal Peyer's Patches of Calves with Experimental Salmonella dublin Infection
Authors: Liebler E. M. , Press C. McL. , Landsverk T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryChanges of lymphocyte subpopulations in jejunal and ileal Peyer's patches (JPP and IPP) of six calves inoculated with Salmonella dublin were investigated at 9 hours, 1, 2, 3 and 7 days post inoculation (p.i.) using immunohistochemistry. Reactive areas and area percentages of B‐lymphocytes, as well as CD4 +, CD8+ and γδT‐lymphocytes within the different compartments of PP were estimated using computer‐assisted morphometric analysis. A significant, linear decline of the areas of lymphoid follicles and domes in JPP and IPP due to depletion of B‐lymphocytes was found. The rate of decline was similar in JPP and IPP, but more severe in lymphoid follicles than in domes. Intraepithelial cells in follicle‐associated epithelium changed from predominantly B‐lymphocytes in controls to CD8+ T‐lymphoytes in inoculated calves and clusters of B‐lymphocytes were observed above domes at days 1 and 2 p.i. Areas of CD4+ and CD8+ T‐lymphocytes within lymphoid follicles and domes were increased at 3 and 7 days p.i. resulting in decreased compartmentalization of the normally segregated T‐ and B‐lymphocyte populations. The increase of CD4+ and CD8+ T‐lymphocytes was, however, significant in lymphoid follicles in the JPP only. No significant changes in the amount and distribution of γδT‐lymphocytes were observed.
Antigenic Analysis of Rabies‐virus Isolates from Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Diaz Ana‐Maria , Papo Sara , Rodriguez Augusto , Smith Jean S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 288 rabies‐virus samples from 17 Latin American and Caribbean countries were reacted with an array of monoclonal antibodies. Identification of eight distinct antigenic variants among these samples permitted epidemiologic studies of the geographic distribution of different concentrations of rabies in the region and of the animal species serving as maintenance sources for rabies within a concentrated area. Two variants were broadly distributed and associated with enzootic disease in dogs and vampire bats. All isolates from cases of human rabies contained one of these two variants. Two variants had a limited distribution: an outbreak in Brazil, primarily affecting dogs and believed to be maintained by dog‐to‐dog transmission, and nine cases of rabies in cattle in Venezuela, animal reservoir unknown. A reservoir of rabies in insectivorous bats was identified and the associated variant was found in a rabid domestic cat. The remaining three rabies variants were found in single isolates only, but due to inference from antigenic‐typing data from North American samples, were believed to be maintained by reservoirs of rabies in hoary bats, foxes, and skunks.
Biochemical and Serological Characteristics ofRhodococcus equiIsolates from Animals and Humans
Authors: Bern D. , Lämmler Ch. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn the present study, 17Rhodococcus equiisolates from animals and 13R. equiisolates from humans were correctly identified by the use of the API Coryne‐test system. The biochemical characteristics revealed no significant differences between isolates from animals and humans. Heat extractions at acid pH or autoclave extractions of the bacteria and the use of monospecific antisera against type antigens 1–7 allowed the serotyping of the bacteria. The majority of theR. equiisolates reacted with serotype 1 and serotype 2‐specific antisera, extracts of two human isolates reacted with serotype 5 and serotype 6‐specific antisera, respectively. The determination of biochemical and serological properties ofR. equimight help to characterize individual cultures of this species. This might be useful in epidemiological studies.