bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skill of monthly rainfall forecasts over India using multi‐model ensemble schemes
Authors: Kar Sarat C. , Acharya Nachiketa , Mohanty U. C. , Kulkarni Makarand A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRainfall in the month of July in India is decided by large‐scale monsoon pattern in seasonal to interannual timescales as well as intraseasonal oscillations. India receives maximum rainfall during July and August. Global dynamic models (either atmosphere only or coupled models) have varying skills in predicting the monthly rainfall over India during July. Multi‐model ensemble (MME) methods have been utilized to evaluate the skills of five global model predictions for 1982–2004. The objective has been to develop a prediction system to be used in real time to derive the mean of the forecast distribution of monthly rainfall. It has been found that the weighted multi‐model ensemble (MME) schemes have higher skill in predicting July rainfall compared to individual models. Through the MME methods, skill of rainfall predictions improved significantly over eastern parts of India. However, there is a region over India where none of the models or the MME scheme has any useful skill. Similarly, there are few typical years in which the mean distribution of July rainfall cannot be predicted with higher skill using the available statistical post‐processing methods. A simple MME probabilistic scheme has been utilized to show that skill of probabilistic predictions improved when the representation of mean of forecast distribution has better skill. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Single photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPET/CT) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to image cancer
Authors: Alberini Jean‐Louis , Edeline Veronique , Giraudet Anne Laure , Champion Laurence , Paulmier Benoit , Madar Olivier , Poinsignon Anne , Bellet Dominique , Pecking Alain Paul 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHybrid systems associating the sharpness of anatomic images coming from computed tomography (CT) and radionuclide functional imaging (SPET or PET) are opening a new era in oncology. This multimodal imaging method is now routinely used for the diagnosis, extent, follow up, treatment response and detection of occult disease in different types of malignancies with a significant impact on the treatment strategy leading for a change for more than 68% of all investigated patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:602–606. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor microenvironment and progression
Authors: Dvorak Harold F. , Weaver Valerie M. , Tlsty Thea D. , Bergers Gabriele 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTumor blood vessels are heterogeneous, of at least six distinct types, are induced primarily by vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A), and provide a potentially useful therapeutic target. Breast cancer is characterized by changes in the microenvironment that result in altered tensional homeostasis. Also, breast cancers arise as the result of epigenetic as well as genetic changes. Tumor blood vessel pericytes result, in part, from bone marrow precursor cells, and VEGF is a negative regulator of glioblastoma tumor cell invasion. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:468–474. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymphangiogenesis and hemangiogenesis: Potential targets for therapy
Authors: Witte Marlys H. , Dellinger Michael T. , McDonald Donald M. , Nathanson S. David , Boccardo Francesco M. , Campisi Corradino C.C. , Sleeman Jonathan P. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis review updates historical background from century‐old observations on embryonic lymphatic system development through current understanding of the molecular basis of lymphvasculogenesis/lymphangiogenesis (“molecular lymphology”), highlighting similarities and differences with analogous blood vasculature processes. Topics covered include molecular mechanisms in lymphatic development, structural adaptations of the lymphatic vasculature to particulate and cellular transport and trafficking, lymphogenous route of clinical cancer spread, preservation of delineated lymphatic pathways during cancer operations, and anti‐lymphangiogenesis in cancer therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:489–500. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of radiation therapy in the control of locoregional and metastatic cancer
Authors: Stea Baldassarre , Hazard Lisa J. , Gonzalez Victor J. , Hamilton Russell 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHigh energy X‐rays have been used for cancer therapy since their discovery in 1895. Major radiobiological discoveries and technological advances in radiation physics have greatly increased the accuracy of radiation. The recent integration of radiation therapy and imaging systems provides radiation oncologists with sophisticated dose delivery capability allowing continued improvements in the control of loco‐regional and metastatic disease while decreasing toxicity. Key technical aspects of current radiation therapy are described with examples extending to several clinical areas. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:627–638. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thrombophilic state in cancer, Part I: Biology, incidence, and risk factors
Authors: DiPasco Peter J. , Misra Subhasis , Koniaris Leonidas G. , Moffat Frederick L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe association between malignancy and thrombosis has long been appreciated but remains incompletely understood. This is the first of a two‐part review of the complex, integral relationship between these two entities, and addresses the mechanisms and pathogenesis of this relationship and the clinical risk factors for thromboembolism in cancer patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:316–322. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resveratrol has salutary effects on mucociliary transport and inflammation in sinonasal epithelium
Authors: Alexander Nathan S. , Hatch Neal , Zhang Shaoyan , Skinner Daniel , Fortenberry James , Sorscher Eric J. , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:Therapeutic agents that enhance mucociliary transport (via stimulation of transepithelial Cl− secretion) and inhibit inflammation could provide considerable advantages over conventional treatments for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The objectives of the present study were to investigate whether the polyphenolic compound resveratrol promotes transepithelial Cl− transport and inhibits KC/IL‐8 secretion in sinonasal epithelium.Study Design:In vitro and in vivo study.Methods:Transepithelial Cl− transport was investigated in primary murine nasal septal (MNSE) and human sinonasal epithelial (HSNE) cultures. In vivo activity was also measured using the murine nasal potential difference assay. CFTR R‐domain phosphorylation and cAMP levels were examined as a test of cAMP/PKA‐dependent activation. In vitro LPS‐induced KC/IL‐8 secretion was quantified and compared to a panel of intranasal steroids.Results:Resveratrol(100 μM) significantly increased CFTR‐mediated Cl− transport (change in short‐circuit current, ΔISC) in both MNSE (13.51 ± 0.77 vs. 4.4 ± 0.66 [control]; P < .05) and HSNE (12.28 ± 1.08 vs. 0.69 ± 0.32 [control]; P < .05). Cl− secretion across in vivo murine nasal epithelium was also enhanced (−4 ± 1.8 vs. −0.8 ± 1.7mV [control], P < .05). There was no increase in cellular cAMP or CFTR R‐domain phosphorylation detected. Resveratrol also significantly inhibited KC/IL‐8 secretion in a dose‐dependent fashion (pg/mL) in MNSE (181 ± 39[100 μM) vs. 94 ± 16 [200 μM] vs. 16 ± 22 [500 μM] vs. 1195 ± 355 [LPS control]; P < .001). The compound robustly abrogated KC/IL‐8 secretion when compared to ciclesonide (765 ± 139), triamcinolone (561 ± 124), and budesonide (742 ± 428), but had similar activity to fluticasone proprionate (65 ± 47). Similar effects were demonstrated in HSNE (975 ± 244 [100 μM] vs. 1825 ± 144 [LPS control]; P < .001) with inhibition comparable to fluticasone proprionate (785 ± 277).Conclusions:These in vitro and in vivo findings indicate resveratrol is a potent Cl− secretagogue and anti‐inflammatory agent. Future clinical trials for CRS are warranted.
ADAM17 promotes glioma cell malignant phenotype
Authors: Zheng Xuguang , Jiang Feng , Katakowski Mark , Lu Yong , Chopp Michael 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA disintegrin and metalloproteinase‐17 (ADAM17) is involved in proteolytic ectodomain shedding of several membrane‐bound growth factors and cytokines. The expression and activity of ADAM17 increase under some pathological conditions such as stroke and cancer. ADAM17 promotes neural progenitor cell migration and contributes to neurogenesis after stroke and breast cancer growth and invasion. In the present study, we sought to elucidate whether ADAM17 contributes to glioma progression. To this end, we examined the role of ADAM17 in the proliferation, invasion, and tube formation of U87 human glioma cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Stable transfection of the U87 cell line with either a plasmid for over‐expression of human ADAM17, or a siRNA to ADAM17 was employed in this study to establish high‐ or low‐ADAM17 expression in glioma cells, respectively. For study of mechanism, the ADAM17 inhibitor TAPI‐2 and the PI3K‐AKT inhibitor LY294002 were used to counteract high‐ADAM17 expression and the activated PI3K‐AKT pathway, respectively. Proliferation of glioma cells were tested by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay, growth curve, and sulforhodamine B assay. Matrigel invasion assays were used to assess the ability of U87 cells to penetrate the extracellular matrix (ECM). A Matrigel tube formation assay was performed to test capillary tube formation ability. EGFR‐PI3K‐Akt pathway activation in U87 cells under different ADAM17 expression levels were tested by Western blot. Our data show that ADAM17 promotes the U87 malignant phenotype by increased proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and in vivo tumor growth. Tumor growth in nude mice was significantly inhibited by ADAM17 inhibitor and A17‐shRNA in vivo transfection. TGF‐α, VEGF secretion, and VEGF expression was increased by ADAM17 and counteracted by ADAM17 siRNA, TAPI‐2, and LY294002 in U87 cells. ADAM17 activated, whereas ADAM17 siRNA, TAPI‐2, and LY294002 deactivated the EGFR‐PI3K‐AKT signal pathway, which correlated with U87 cell malignant phenotype changes. This study suggests ADAM17 contributes to glioma progression through activation of the EGFR‐PI3K‐AKT signal pathway. Mol. Carcinog. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Benefits of heat treatment to the protease packed neutrophil for proteome analysis: Halting protein degradation
Authors: Kennedy Susan A. , Scaife Caitríona , Dunn Michael J. , Wood Alfred E. , Watson R. William G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNeutrophils, cells of the innate immune system, contain an array of proteases and reactive oxygen species‐generating enzymes that assist in controlling the invasion of bacteria and pathogens. The high content of intracellular proteolytic enzymes makes them difficult cells to work with as they can degrade proteins of potential interest. Here, we describe the benefits of heat treatment of neutrophils in reducing protein degradation for subsequent proteome analysis. Neutrophils isolated from four healthy volunteers were each divided into three aliquots and subjected to different preparation methods for 2‐DE: (i) Heat treatment, (ii) resuspension in NP40 lysis buffer and (iii) resuspension in standard 2‐DE lysis buffer. Representative spots found to be statistically significant between groups (p<0.01) were excised and identified by LC‐MS/MS, three of which were validated by immunoblotting. Heat‐treated samples contained proteins in the high‐molecular‐weight range that were absent from NP40‐treated samples. Moreover, NP40‐treated samples showed an increase in spot number and volume at lower molecular weights suggestive of protein degradation. Incorporating heat treatment into sample preparation resulted in the identification of proteins that may not have previously been detected due to sample degradation, thus leading to a more comprehensive 2‐DE map of the human neutrophil proteome.
A Simple Approach to Surface Modification Using Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with Laminar and Turbulent Flows of Micro Plasma Jets at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Jung Heesoo , Gweon Bomi , Kim Dan Bee , Choe Wonho 
Published: April 2011

AbstractUnlike large area plasmas, small size plasma jets could be useful in treating localized regions. For this reason, we developed a micro plasma jet having a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) part exposed to the discharge inside the plasma source. As the helium gas flow rate was raised from 0.1 to 6.0 slpm, the plasma exhibited a change in characteristic from laminar to turbulent and an abrupt change of appearance at a certain flow rate (2.0–3.0 slpm). The measured rotational temperature was above 500 K under laminar flow conditions, which was a sufficiently high temperature for the pyrolysis of PTFE, and the excitation temperature of the laminar flow was higher than that of the turbulent flow. The corresponding optical emission spectra were different (CN, C2, F I, Hα dominated for laminar conditions while N, OH, O I dominated for turbulent flow conditions). These different plasma characteristics were obtained by simply controlling the gas flow rate. A feasibility study of surface modification demonstrated a change of the surface wettability from hydrophobic to hydrophilic (and vice versa) depending only on the gas flow rate. magnified image
Statins increase the risk of prostate cancer: A population‐based case–control study
Authors: Chang Chih‐Ching , Ho Shu‐Chen , Chiu Hui‐Fen , Yang Chun‐Yuh 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDExperimental studies have shown that statins have potential protective effects against cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of statins was associated with prostate cancer risk.METHODSWe conducted a population‐based case–control study in Taiwan. Data were retrospectively collected from the Taiwan National health Insurance Research Database. Cases consisted of all patients who were aged 50 years and older and had a first‐time diagnosis of prostate cancer for the period between 2005 and 2008. The controls were matched to cases by age, sex, and index date. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using multiple logistic regression.RESULTSWe examined 388 prostate cancer cases and 1,552 controls. We found that ever‐use of any statin was associated with a significant increase in prostate cancer risk (OR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.09–2.19). Compared with no use of statins, the adjusted ORs (95%CI) were 1.17 (0.60–2.28) for the group with cumulative dose ≤29.44 DDD, 1.59 (1.02–2.48) for the group with cumulative dose between 29.44 DDD and 321.33 DDD, and 1.86 (1.03–3.37) for the group with the highest cumulative dose (≥321.33 DDD). Also, there was a significant trend toward increasing prostate cancer risk with increasing cumulative dose (χ2 for linear trend = 7.23, P = 0.007).CONCLUSIONSThe results of this case–control study suggest that statins may increase the risk of prostate cancer. Prostate 71:1818–1824, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Soyasapogenol B and trans‐22‐dehydrocam‐ pesterol from common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) root exudates stimulate broomrape seed germination
Authors: Evidente Antonio , Cimmino Alessio , Fernández‐Aparicio Mónica , Rubiales Diego , Andolfi Anna , Melck Dominique 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Orobanche and Phelipanche species (the broomrapes) are root parasitic plants, some of which represent serious weed problems causing severe yield losses on important crops. Control strategies have largely focused on agronomic practices, resistant crop varieties and herbicides, albeit with marginal success. An alternative control method is the induction of suicidal seed germination with natural substances isolated from root exudates of host and non‐host plants.RESULTS: Soyasapogenol B [olean‐12‐ene‐3,22,24‐triol(3β,4β,22β)] and trans‐22‐dehydrocampesterol [(ergosta‐5,22‐dien‐3‐ol, (3β,22E,24S)] were isolated from Vicia sativa root exudates. They were identified by comparing their spectroscopic and optical properties with those reported in the literature. Soyasapogenol B was very specific, stimulating the germination of O. minor seeds only, whereas trans‐22‐dehydrocampesterol stimulated P. aegyptiaca, O. crenata, O. foetida and O. minor.CONCLUSION: Soyasapogenol B and trans‐22‐deydrocampesterol were isolated for the first time from Vicia sativa root exudates, and their biological activity as stimulants of Orobanche or Phelipanche sp. seed germination was reported. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Temporal dynamics of the arthropod community in pear orchards intercropped with aromatic plants
Authors: Beizhou Song , Jie Zhang , Jinghui Hu , Hongying Wu , Yun Kong , Yuncong Yao 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Increasing attention has been paid to enhancing biological control through habitat management in agricultural systems for enhanced pest management. Pest management benefits can be realised by intercropping, which can increase natural enemy abundance and, in turn, reduce pest abundance. In this study, the composition and temporal dynamics of arthropod communities in pear orchards when intercropped with aromatic plants were investigated, and the effectiveness and applicability of aromatic plants as intercrops for enhancing insect control were assessed.RESULTS: When compared with natural grasses or clean tillage, intercropping significantly reduced pest abundance and increased the ratio of natural enemies to pests. Intercropping also shortened the occurrence duration and depressed the incidence peak in annual dynamics curves of the pest subcommunity and the arthropod community, mainly because of the repellent effects of aromatic plants. Equally important, intercropping significantly reduced the numbers of major pests, such as Psylla chinensis, Aphis citricola and Pseudococcus comstocki, while their incidence period was delayed to varying degrees, and the numbers of their dominant natural enemies (Coccinella septempunctata, Phytoseiulus persimilis and Chrysoperla sinica) increased.CONCLUSION: Intercropping with aromatic plants led to a considerable improvement in arthropod pest management by enhancing the activity of the beneficial arthropod community within the pear orchard ecosystem. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
The angle of the near‐surface wind‐turning in weakly stable boundary layers
Authors: Grisogono Branko 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe angle between the near‐surface and geostrophic wind vector, α0, is discussed in the light of existing and improved Ekman theory and, on the other hand, recently obtained numerical results corroborated by some experimental data, both obtained by other researchers. The latter results for weakly stably stratified boundary layers, also based on large‐eddy simulation (LES) data, give an angle that is about α0 ≈︁ 35°. If the Ekman theory is applied slightly above the horizontal surface z > 0, for almost any gradually varying eddy diffusivity K(z), which is more realistic than K = const used at z = 0 in the classic theory, a closer analytic value to α0 can be provided (32° to 37°) than that in the classic Ekman theory (45°). Alternatively, and without deploying the refined Ekman surface layer theory already suggested here, one may a priori use the previously confirmed result, α0 ≈︁ 35°, together with any smooth K(z) in order to find the corresponding surface layer depth. These results, bridging the gap between the existing theory toward fine numerical and limited experimental data, may aid further analyses of weakly stably stratified boundary layers. The information about the angle α0 should be considered in NWP, air‐pollution, wind‐energy and climate models; otherwise, many important boundary‐layer features will remain modelled inadequately. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
THE IMPORTANCE OF VARIABLE LATERAL CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN ARTIFICIAL FLOODPLAIN WATERBODIES AND RIVER CHANNELS
Authors: Bolland J. D. , Nunn A. D. , Lucas M. C. , Cowx I. G. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe rehabilitation of lowland rivers subjected to channelization and artificial levee construction should attempt to improve habitat heterogeneity and diversity of floodplain hydrological connectivity. However, rehabilitation efforts rarely consider the importance of variable lateral hydrological connectivity between floodplain waterbodies and main river channels (ranging from those permanently connected to those temporarily connected during river level rises), instead focusing on increasing individual floodplain waterbody connectivity. This study investigated the young‐of‐the‐year (YoY) fish communities in 10 artificial floodplain waterbodies of variable hydrological connectivity with the river Trent, England, between May and November 2006, inclusive. Floodplain waterbody connectivity to the main river was positively correlated with the number of species captured (alpha diversity), Shannon–Wiener diversity, Margalef's species richness index and the relative abundance of rheophilic species and negatively correlated with species turnover (beta diversity). YoY fish communities in poorly connected water bodies were most dissimilar to riverine communities. The results demonstrate the importance of variable lateral connectivity between artificial floodplain waterbodies and main river channels when rehabilitating lowland river fish communities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
USING AN EXPERIMENTAL IN SITU FISHWAY TO PROVIDE KEY DESIGN CRITERIA FOR LATERAL FISH PASSAGE IN TROPICAL RIVERS: A CASE STUDY FROM THE MEKONG RIVER, CENTRAL LAO PDR
Authors: Baumgartner L. J. , Marsden T. , Singhanouvong D. , Phonekhampheng O. , Stuart I. G. , Thorncraft G. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTFish passage through an experimental vertical‐slot fishway was assessed at a floodplain regulator on the Mekong River in Central Laos between April and July 2009. Experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of fishway floor slope (1v:15h or 1v:7.5h) on fish passage success with a view to developing a series of optimal design criteria for the construction of vertical‐slot fishways at other barriers to fish passage in the Lower Mekong Basin. A total of 14 661 fish from 73 species were captured during the experiments. Catches were dominated by riverine (white) (n = 51; 69% of total) and floodplain (black) species (n = 15; 20%) which represented 19 families in total. The work demonstrated that fish were actively attempting upstream passage from the Mekong River to an adjacent floodplain and displayed strong migratory behaviour during river level rises. Migratory activity was greatest during sharp rises in water level but reduced substantially when river level fell. Fish community composition varied greatly among the two fishway floor slopes and the control group. More fish species were collected from control samples, but the most fish and species were collected when the fishway was configured on a moderate hydraulic slope (1v:15h). A range of size classes were also collected from control and moderate‐slope groups, but steeper‐gradient catches were dominated by larger fish. This study demonstrated that vertical‐slot fishways could provide passage for a biodiverse fish community where fish move laterally onto floodplains. The construction of fishways which consider the local fish ecology and hydrology may therefore represent a valuable management tool to help restore important movement pathways for tropical freshwater fish. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.