bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel approach to inverse design of wind turbine airfoils using tandem neural networks
Authors: Anand Apurva , Marepally Koushik , Muneeb Safdar M , Baeder James D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe performance of a wind turbine and its efficiency majorly depends on wind‐to‐rotor efficiency. The aerodynamic design of the wind turbine blades using high‐fidelity tools such as adjoint‐computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is accurate but computationally expensive. It becomes impractical when the number of design variables increases for multidisciplinary optimization (MDO). Low‐fidelity tools are computationally cheaper but are not accurate, especially in regions of adverse pressure gradient and reverse flows. Surrogate modeling has been used in many aerodynamic problems. We develop and apply a recent architecture of the deep learning module, tandem neural networks (T‐NNs) for the inverse design of wind turbine airfoils. The T‐NNs trained on CFD data for fully turbulent cases predict not only the performance parameters for the given airfoil geometry but also the airfoil geometry for a given design objective. This framework uses the entire performance polar for inverse design which ensures that the airfoil optimization is not a single‐point optimization problem which is essential for practical design problems. The T‐NNs are also optimized to include multiple constraints like maximum thickness and trailing edge (TE) thickness which is a novel contribution in the field of inverse design using surrogate models. A statistical analysis is also performed to predict a family of airfoil geometries.
The Role of Team Composition in Agile Software Development Education: A Gendered Perspective
Authors: Sæter Gyda Elisa , Stray Viktoria , Almås Steffen , Lindsjørn Yngve 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTeam composition is a critical factor influencing collaboration within agile software development. This study investigates the impact of gender distribution on teamwork quality in software engineering capstone courses. We examined the experiences of 240 students organized into 40 teams during an agile project course. We analyzed two surveys, one conducted before team composition and one at the end of the project work. As much as 91% of the students chose to use the practice of conducting stand-up meetings in their project work and the majority were satisfied with the practice. Further, our analysis reveals that while women tend to engage more in design and men in programming, an increase in the proportion of women within a team correlates with a higher involvement of women in programming tasks. Our findings highlight gender differences in perceptions and experiences related to project involvement in agile software engineering courses.
Jijodoryoku: The Spirit of Self-Help in Development Cooperation
Authors: Maemura Yu Oliver 
Published: May 2024

AbstractJijodoryoku “self-help effort” is a central and prominent ODA policy concept that undoubtedly resonates amongst policymakers and industry stakeholders in Japan. However, attempts to systematically define and operationalize the concept are noticeably lacking within the development assistance literature. What such a policy principle entails in terms of its impact on, or coherence with, institutional practice, program design, or project logic, is worthy of critical examination. This chapter critically re-examines and attempts to refine the definition of jijodoryoku as a policy principle, by considering how the conceptualization of “self-help” in Japanese and international ODA policy has evolved over time. The chapter illustrates how current Japanese policy conceptualizes the term as an approach to ODA by examining the logical structure of high-level Japanese ODA policy, while distinguishing it from “self-reliance”, which can also be observed in global development policy. The historical and comparative examination of ODA policies presented in this chapter reveals how the policy principle of “support for self-help efforts” can be traced back to discussions among DAC countries regarding the sharing of the financial burden of assistance, which contrasts starkly to its current vernacular usage as an a priori condition of the approach to Japanese ODA. The chapter ends by considering the roots of “self-help” in Japan to argue that, rather than a concept denoting praxis, it would be more accurate to conceptualize jijodoryoku as a highly general and abstract term denoting the social-psychological state (i.e., the “spirit”) of a recipient, which could then be utilized to stipulate and evaluate general conditions for ODA recipients.
Mechanically guided cell fate determination in early development
Authors: Alasaadi Delan N. , Mayor Roberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCell fate determination, a vital process in early development and adulthood, has been the focal point of intensive investigation over the past decades. Its importance lies in its critical role in shaping various and diverse cell types during embryonic development and beyond. Exploration of cell fate determination started with molecular and genetic investigations unveiling central signaling pathways and molecular regulatory networks. The molecular studies into cell fate determination yielded an overwhelming amount of information invoking the notion of the complexity of cell fate determination. However, recent advances in the framework of biomechanics have introduced a paradigm shift in our understanding of this intricate process. The physical forces and biochemical interplay, known as mechanotransduction, have been identified as a pivotal drive influencing cell fate decisions. Certainly, the integration of biomechanics into the process of cell fate pushed our understanding of the developmental process and potentially holds promise for therapeutic applications. This integration was achieved by identifying physical forces like hydrostatic pressure, fluid dynamics, tissue stiffness, and topography, among others, and examining their interplay with biochemical signals. This review focuses on recent advances investigating the relationship between physical cues and biochemical signals that control cell fate determination during early embryonic development.
Proximal tubular FHL2, a novel downstream target of hypoxia inducible factor 1, is a protector against ischemic acute kidney injury
Authors: Wang Yan , Kuang Ziwei , Xing Xueqi , Qiu Yumei , Zhang Jie , Shao Dandan , Huang Jiaxin , Dai Chunsun , He Weichun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFour-and-a-half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) is an adaptor protein that may interact with hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) or β-catenin, two pivotal protective signaling in acute kidney injury (AKI). However, little is known about the regulation and function of FHL2 during AKI. We found that FHL2 was induced in renal tubular cells in patients with acute tubular necrosis and mice model of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). In cultured renal proximal tubular cells (PTCs), hypoxia induced FHL2 expression and promoted the binding of HIF-1 to FHL2 promoter. Compared with control littermates, mice with PTC-specific deletion of FHL2 gene displayed worse renal function, more severe morphologic lesion, more tubular cell death and less cell proliferation, accompanying by downregulation of AQP1 and Na, K-ATPase after IRI. Consistently, loss of FHL2 in PTCs restricted activation of HIF-1 and β-catenin signaling simultaneously, leading to attenuation of glycolysis, upregulation of apoptosis-related proteins and downregulation of proliferation-related proteins during IRI. In vitro, knockdown of FHL2 suppressed hypoxia-induced activation of HIF-1α and β-catenin signaling pathways. Overexpression of FHL2 induced physical interactions between FHL2 and HIF-1α, β-catenin, GSK-3β or p300, and the combination of these interactions favored the stabilization and nuclear translocation of HIF-1α and β-catenin, enhancing their mediated gene transcription. Collectively, these findings identify FHL2 as a direct downstream target gene of HIF-1 signaling and demonstrate that FHL2 could play a critical role in protecting against ischemic AKI by promoting the activation of HIF-1 and β-catenin signaling through the interactions with its multiple protein partners.
Cell–cell contacts prevent t-BuOOH-triggered ferroptosis and cellular damage in vitro by regulation of intracellular calcium
Authors: Faust Dagmar , Wenz Christine , Holm Stefanie , Harms Gregory , Greffrath Wolfgang , Dietrich Cornelia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) is an organic hydroperoxide widely used as a model compound to induce oxidative stress. It leads to a plethora of cellular damage, including lipid peroxidation, DNA double-strand breaks (DNA DSBs), and breakdown of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). We could show in several cell lines that t-BuOOH induces ferroptosis, triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. We have further revealed that not only t-BuOOH-mediated ferroptosis, but also DNA DSBs and loss of MMP are prevented by cell–cell contacts. The underlying mechanisms are not known. Here, we show in murine fibroblasts and a human colon carcinoma cell line that t-BuOOH (50 or 100 µM, resp.) causes an increase in intracellular Ca2+, and that this increase is key to lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis, DNA DSB formation and dissipation of the MMP. We further demonstrate that cell–cell contacts prevent t-BuOOH-mediated raise in intracellular Ca2+. Hence, we provide novel insights into the mechanism of t-BuOOH-triggered cellular damage including ferroptosis and propose a model in which cell–cell contacts control intracellular Ca2+ levels to prevent lipid peroxidation, DNA DSB-formation and loss of MMP. Since Ca2+ is a central player of toxicity in response to oxidative stress and is involved in various cell death pathways, our observations suggest a broad protective function of cell–cell contacts against a variety of exogenous toxicants.
Assessment of particle image velocimetry applied to high-speed organic vapor flows
Authors: Michelis T. , Head A. J. , Majer M. , Colonna P. , De Servi C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCompressible flows of fluids whose thermophysical properties are related by complex equations are quantitatively and can be qualitatively different from high-speed flows of ideal gases. Nonideal compressible fluid dynamics (NICFD) is concerned with these fluid flows, which are relevant in many processes and power and propulsion systems. Typically, NICFD effects occur if the fluid is an organic compound and its vapor state is close to the vapor–liquid critical point, at high-reduced temperature and pressure (even supercritical). Current design and analysis of devices operating in the nonideal compressible regime demand for validated simulation software, characterized in terms of uncertainty. Moreover, experiments are needed to further validate related theory. Experimental data are limited as generating and measuring these flows is challenging given their high pressure or temperature or both. In addition, flows of organic compounds can be flammable, can thermally decompose, and sealing may demand for special materials. Recently, more research has been devoted to the measurement of these flows using both intrusive and less intrusive techniques relying on optical access and lasers. The transparency and refractive properties of these dense vapors pose additional problems. The ORCHID (organic Rankine cycle hybrid integrated device) at the Aerospace Propulsion and Power Laboratory of Delft University of Technology is a closed-loop facility, used to generate a continuous nonideal supersonic flow of siloxane MM with the vapor at 4$${{\textrm{bar}}}$$
bar
and 220 °C at the inlet of the test section. Within this work, we have employed particle image velocimetry for the first time to obtain the velocity field in a de Laval nozzle in such flows. Measured velocity fields (expanded uncertainty within 1.1% of the maximum velocity) have been compared with those resulting from a CFD simulation. The comparison between experimental and simulated data is satisfactory, with deviation ranging from 0.1 to 10 % from the throat to the outlet, respectively. This discrepancy is attributed to hardware limitations, which will be overcome in the future experiments. The feasibility of PIV with uncontrolled but fixed seeding density to measure high-speed vapors of organic vapors has been demonstrated, and future experimental campaigns will target flows for which nonideal effects are more pronounced, other paradigmatic configurations, and improvements to the measurement techniques.
Clinical outcomes of subtalar arthroereisis for the treatment of stage 1 flexible progressive collapsing foot deformity
Authors: Lewis Thomas L. , Goff Thomas A. J. , Ray Robbie , Dhaliwal Jagwinder , Carmody David , Wines Andrew P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The use of subtalar arthroereisis as an adjunct to the surgical treatment of stage 1 flexible progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) is controversial. The aim was to investigate the clinical outcomes and report the implant removal rate of subtalar arthroereisis as an adjunct for stage 1 PCFD.

Methods
A retrospective study of 212 consecutive feet undergoing operative management of stage 1 PCFD with adjunctive subtalar arthroereisis between October 2010 and April 2018. The primary outcome was the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Secondary outcomes included Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI), Euroqol-5D-5L Index and implant removal rate.

Results
Post-operative clinical FAOS outcomes were collected for 153 feet (72.2%). At mean 2.5-year follow-up, the mean ± standard deviation FAOS for each domain was as follows; Pain: 81.5 ± 18.5, Symptoms: 79.5 ± 12.9, Activities of Daily Living: 82.5 ± 15.4 and Quality of Life: 64.2 ± 23.7. EQ-5D-5L Index was 0.884 ± 0.152. Pre-operative scores were available for 20 of these feet demonstrating a statistically significant improvement in all FAOS, FADI and EQ-5D-5L domains (p < 0.05). The implant removal rate for persistent sinus tarsi pain was 48.1% (n = 102).

Conclusion
Use of a subtalar arthroereisis implant as an adjunct to conventional procedures in stage 1 flexible PCFD can result in significant improvement in pain and function. Patients should be counselled as to the relatively frequent rate of subsequent implant removal.

Level of evidence
IV.
Endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression in hemifacial spasm with a teflon bridge
Authors: Rhomberg Thomas , Eördögh Márton , Lehmann Sebastian , Schroeder Henry W.S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Microvascular conflicts in hemifacial spasm typically occur at the facial nerve’s root exit zone. While a pure microsurgical approach offers only limited orientation, added endoscopy enhances visibility of the relevant structures without the necessity of cerebellar retraction.

Methods
After a retrosigmoid craniotomy, a microsurgical decompression of the facial nerve is performed with a Teflon bridge. Endoscopic inspection prior and after decompression facilitates optimal Teflon bridge positioning.

Conclusions
Endoscope-assisted microsurgery allows a clear visualization and safe manipulation on the facial nerve at its root exit zone.
Comparative features of superior versus inferior hemisphere microvasculature dropout in open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Takahashi Naoki , Omodaka Kazuko , Kikawa Tsutomu , Ninomiya Takahiro , Kiyota Naoki , Tsuda Satoru , Nakazawa Toru 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate differences in microvasculature dropout (MvD) between the superior and inferior hemispheres in glaucoma patients.

Study design
Retrospective and cross-sectional.

Methods
Fifty-eight eyes of 58 open-angle glaucoma patients (age 61.12 ± 10.19 years, mean deviation − 7.32 ± 6.36 dB) were included. MvD was detected with en face images from swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Blood flow at the optic nerve head was measured with laser speckle flowgraphy, represented as the mean blur rate in tissue (MBRT). Logistic and linear regression models adjusted for age, intraocular pressure, axial length, and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were used to investigate the relationship between various factors and MvD angle in each hemisphere.

Results
The presence of inferior MvD was related to peripapillary atrophy-β area (odds ratio = 14.10 [2.49–234.00], P = 0.019). Superior MvD angle was significantly related to MBRT in the superior quadrant (β = −0.31 [− 0.60 – −0.02], P = 0.037). Inferior MvD angle was significantly related to peripapillary atrophy-β area (β = 0.49 [0.21–0.77], P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Only superior MvD demonstrated a significant relationship with reduced ocular blood flow. In contrast, inferior MvD was associated with mechanical stress. These findings may suggest a potential difference in pathophysiology between superior and inferior MvD.
Pre-surgical cryoablation in ≤ 2 cm ER + /HER2-tumors. Prognostic factors for the presence of residual invasive carcinoma
Authors: Roca Navarro María José , Oliver Goldaracena Jose Mª , Garrido Alonso Diego , Navarro Monforte Ylenia , Díaz de Bustamante Durbán Teresa , Córdoba Chicote Mª Vicenta , García Martínez Fernando , Martí Álvarez Covadonga , Yébenes Gregorio Laura , Montes Botella Jose Luis , Martín Hervás Carmen , Sánchez Méndez José Ignacio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is the standard approach for small low-risk tumors. If the efficacy of cryoablation is demonstrated, it could provide a minimally invasive alternative to surgery.

Purpose
To determine the success of ultrasound-guided cryoablation in achieving the absence of Residual Invasive Cancer (RIC) for patients with ER + /HER2- tumors ≤ 2cm and sonographically negative axillary nodes.

Materials and Methods
This prospective study was carried out from April 2021 to June 2023, and involved 60 preoperative cryoablation procedures on ultrasound-visible, node-negative (cN0) infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDC). Standard diagnostic imaging included mammography and tomosynthesis, supplemented by ultrasound-guided biopsy. MRI was performed in patients with associated intraductal carcinoma (DCIS) and an invasive component on core needle biopsy (18 out of 22 cases). All tumors were tagged with ferromagnetic seeds. A triple-phase protocol (freezing–thawing-freezing) with Argon was used, with an average procedure duration of 40 min.
A logistic regression model was applied to determine significant correlation between RIC and the study variables.

Results
Fifty-nine women (mean age 63 ± 8 years) with sixty low-risk unifocal IDC underwent cryoablation prior to surgery. Pathological examination of lumpectomy specimens post-cryoablation revealed RIC in only one of 38 patients with pure IDC and in 4 of 22 mixed IDC/DCIS cases. All treated tumors had clear surgical margins, with no significant procedural complications.

Conclusions
Cryoablation was effective in eradicating 97% of pure infiltrating ER + /HER2-tumors ≤ 2cm, demonstrating its potential as a surgical alternative in selected patients.

Graphical Abstract
Illuminating the Nile: estimating subnational GDP in Egypt using nighttime lights and machine learning
Authors: Suleiman Hussein 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEgypt has been reporting several subnational socioeconomic indicators for more than three decades. However, utilizing these valuable datasets for monitoring long temporal trends in local development and inequalities has been hindered by the lack of a key indicator, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which was only reported subnationally starting 2013. This paper aims to address this data gap, by employing satellite-generated nighttime lights (NTL) and machine learning, to estimate subnational GDP in Egypt from 1992 to 2012. The paper relies on the harmonized global nighttime lights dataset that extends from 1992 to 2021, to carry out a twofold process. First, it validates NTL as a useful proxy for subnational economic activity in Egypt using econometric methods; then it estimates missing GDP using machine learning algorithms. Results show that the concentration of nearly the entire Egyptian population densely around the Nile River is challenging to nighttime lights accuracy; however, upon accounting for population density and agricultural activity, NTL could serve as a valuable proxy for subnational GDP in Egypt, and consequently a coherent GDP dataset is constructed since 1992.
In silico analysis of Phaseolus vulgaris L. metalloprotease FtsH gene: characterization and expression in drought and salt stress
Authors: Inal B. , Muslu S. , Yigider E. , Kasapoglu A. G. , Ilhan E. , Ciltas A. , Yildirim E. , Aydin M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Proteases help plants maintain protein quality and break down protein subsets in reply to environmental, developmental, biotic, and abiotic stressors. Filamentation temperature-sensitive H (FtsH) is an ATP-dependent metalloprotease detected in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes cells. The present research, the FtsH gene in the bean, which has an important place in the legume family and is an important agricultural product, was characterized for the first time using various bioinformatic tools, and qRT-PCR measured its expression level. In the study, effectively identified and characterized 17 FtsH genes present in genome the of Phaseolus vulgaris. The MW of FtsH proteins varied from 71.16 to 147.07 kDa, their amino acid lengths ranged from 642 to 1284, and their pI values varied from 5.39 to 9.60. Interestingly, the distribution of these 17 distinct PvFtsH genes across the 8 chromosomes was not uniform, exhibiting an uneven pattern throughout the genome. A pair of segmental duplication fragments were found, revealing probable processes of gene expansion and evolution. Collinearity with related genes in Arabidopsis and rice was thoroughly examined to determine the evolutionary conservation and differentiation of PvFtsH genes. Additionally, we used RNAseq and qRT-PCR to investigate the expression patterns of PvFtsH in leaf tissue under salt and drought conditions. Our data showed unique expression patterns, suggesting PvFtsH may respond to environmental and physiological stressors. Overall, this work makes major contributions to our understanding of PvFtsH genes and their roles in the context of gene evolution, chromosomal distribution, and expression patterns under various environmental situations.
Four phases of a force transient emerge from a binary mechanical system
Authors: Baker Josh E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAccurate models of muscle contraction are important for understanding both muscle performance and the therapeutics that enhance physiological function. However, models are only accurate and meaningful if they are consistent with physical laws. A single muscle fiber contains billions of randomly fluctuating atoms that on the spatial scale of a muscle fiber generate unidirectional force and power output. This thermal system is formally constrained by the laws of thermodynamics, and a recently developed thermodynamic model of muscle force generation provides qualitative descriptions of the muscle force-velocity relationship, muscle force generation, muscle force transients, and the thermodynamic work loop of muscle with a thermodynamic (not molecular) power stroke mechanism. To demonstrate the accuracy of this model requires that its outputs be quantitatively compared with experimentally observed muscle function. Here I show that a two-state thermodynamic model accurately describes the experimentally observed four-phase force transient response to both mechanical and chemical perturbations. This is the simplest possible model of one of the most complex characteristic signatures of muscle mechanics.