bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of a non‐adjuvanted therapeutic vaccine for the treatment of feline dermatophytosis
Authors: Westhoff D. , Orveillon F. X. , Farnow D. , Klös M‐C. , Elbers K. 
Published: December 2010

The safety of a non‐adjuvanted inactivated fungal vaccine for the treatment of dermatophytosis in cats was investigated in two studies: a controlled laboratory study, and a placebo‐controlled double‐blind field study with a cross‐over design in Europe. In the laboratory study, two groups of 10 cats each were administered an intramuscular twofold overdose, followed by five single 1 ml doses, of either vaccine or control product at 14‐day intervals. In the field study, cats were treated with three intramuscular injections of 1 ml vaccine administered at 14‐day intervals, as recommended by the manufacturer. A total of 89 cats were enrolled in the field study and divided into two groups to receive either vaccine or placebo for the first three treatments, followed by the opposite product for the final three treatments. The cats enrolled in the two studies were 12 weeks of age or older, as recommended by the manufacturer. All the cats were monitored closely for possible injection site reactions, systemic reactions (including changes in rectal body temperature) and adverse events. The results from both studies showed no significant differences between the vaccinated cats and the control or placebo‐treated cats with regard to local or systemic reactions. A few mild to moderate local reactions were noted, but these were evenly distributed between the vaccinated and placebo‐treated cats and resolved within a few days. No severe or serious adverse events related to the vaccinations were observed.
BCR/ABL Stimulates WRN to Promote Survival and Genomic Instability
Authors: Slupianek Artur , Poplawski Tomasz , Jozwiakowski Stanislaw K. , Cramer Kimberly , Pytel Dariusz , Stoczynska Ewelina , Nowicki Michal O. , Blasiak Janusz , Skorski Tomasz 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
BCR/ABL-transformed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells accumulate numerous DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and genotoxic agents. To repair these lesions BCR/ABL stimulate unfaithful DSB repair pathways, homologous recombination repair (HRR), nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), and single-strand annealing (SSA). Here, we show that BCR/ABL enhances the expression and increase nuclear localization of WRN (mutated in Werner syndrome), which is required for processing DSB ends during the repair. Other fusion tyrosine kinases (FTK), such as TEL/ABL, TEL/JAK2, TEL/PDGFβR, and NPM/ALK also elevate WRN. BCR/ABL induces WRN mRNA and protein expression in part by c-MYC-mediated activation of transcription and Bcl-xL–dependent inhibition of caspase-dependent cleavage, respectively. WRN is in complex with BCR/ABL resulting in WRN tyrosine phosphorylation and stimulation of its helicase and exonuclease activities. Activated WRN protects BCR/ABL-positive cells from the lethal effect of oxidative and genotoxic stresses, which causes DSBs. In addition, WRN promotes unfaithful recombination-dependent repair mechanisms HRR and SSA, and enhances the loss of DNA bases during NHEJ in leukemia cells. In summary, we postulate that BCR/ABL-mediated stimulation of WRN modulates the efficiency and fidelity of major DSB repair mechanisms to protect leukemia cells from apoptosis and to facilitate genomic instability. Cancer Res; 71(3); 842–51. ©2010 AACR.
C Terminus of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin Downregulates CLDN4 and Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer Cells to Taxol and Carboplatin
Authors: Gao Zhijian , Xu Xiaoyin , McClane Bruce , Zeng Qing , Litkouhi Babak , Welch William R. , Berkowitz Ross S. , Mok Samuel C. , Garner Elizabeth I.O. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose: We have previously shown that CLDN4 (encoding claudin-4), a cell tight junction (TJ) protein, is highly expressed in human epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOC) but undetectable in normal ovaries. CLDN4 has been identified as a specific receptor for C terminus of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE), a nontoxic molecule that may disrupt TJ barrier function and enhance cellular absorption. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential clinical applications of C-CPE and its effects on CLDN4 expression in EOC.
Experimental Design: Using a 3-dimensional culture model and monolayer culture of EOC cells, we examined the effects of C-CPE on CLDN4 expression by quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. The synergistic effect of C-CPE to clinically relevant chemotherapies (Taxol and Carboplatin) was observed in EOC culture and xenograft mice. Furthermore, we determined through oligonucleotide microarray analysis that the transcript profile alterations dysregulated as a consequence of C-CPE treatment.
Results: C-CPE treatment decreased protein expression and relocated CLDN4 from cell–cell contact regions to the cytoplasm. Particularly, C-CPE sensitized EOC cells to chemotherapeutic administration at low dosages and significantly inhibited tumor growth in a nontoxic manner. Furthermore, we provided genome-wide molecular evidence that C-CPE treatment is involved in the stimulation of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and the inhibition of cell metabolism in EOC cells.
Conclusions: The addition of C-CPE can enhance the effectiveness of Taxol or Carboplatin and significantly inhibited EOC cell growth in a CLDN4-dependent manner, suggesting that C-CPE may have promising therapeutic potential for EOC. Clin Cancer Res; 17(5); 1065–74. ©2010 AACR.
Gene Coexpression Network Topology of Cardiac Development, Hypertrophy, and Failure
Authors: Dewey Frederick E. , Perez Marco V. , Wheeler Matthew T. , Watt Clifton , Spin Joshua , Langfelder Peter , Horvath Steve , Hannenhalli Sridhar , Cappola Thomas P. , Ashley Euan A. 
Published: December 2010

Background—
Network analysis techniques allow a more accurate reflection of underlying systems biology to be realized than traditional unidimensional molecular biology approaches. Using gene coexpression network analysis, we define the gene expression network topology of cardiac hypertrophy and failure and the extent of recapitulation of fetal gene expression programs in failing and hypertrophied adult myocardium.

Methods and Results—
We assembled all myocardial transcript data in the Gene Expression Omnibus (n=1617). Because hierarchical analysis revealed species had primacy over disease clustering, we focused this analysis on the most complete (murine) dataset (n=478). Using gene coexpression network analysis, we derived functional modules, regulatory mediators, and higher-order topological relationships between genes and identified 50 gene coexpression modules in developing myocardium that were not present in normal adult tissue. We found that known gene expression markers of myocardial adaptation were members of upregulated modules but not hub genes. We identified ZIC2 as a novel transcription factor associated with coexpression modules common to developing and failing myocardium. Of 50 fetal gene coexpression modules, 3 (6%) were reproduced in hypertrophied myocardium and 7 (14%) were reproduced in failing myocardium. One fetal module was common to both failing and hypertrophied myocardium.

Conclusions—
Network modeling allows systems analysis of cardiovascular development and disease. Although we did not find evidence for a global coordinated program of fetal gene expression in adult myocardial adaptation, our analysis revealed specific gene expression modules active during both development and disease and specific candidates for their regulation.
At the Edge of Semantic Space: The Breakdown of Coherent Concepts in Semantic Dementia Is Constrained by Typicality and Severity but Not Modality
Authors: Mayberry Emily J. , Sage Karen , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Hub-and-spoke models of semantic representation suggest that coherent concepts are formed from the integration of multiple, modality-specific information sources with additional modality-invariant representations—most likely stored in the ventrolateral anterior temporal lobe (vATL). As well as providing the necessary computational mechanisms for the complexities of feature integration, these modality-invariant representations also license a key aspect of semantic memory—semantic-based generalization. Semantic dementia allows us to investigate this aspect of conceptual knowledge because (a) the patients have a selective and progressive semantic degradation and (b) this is associated with profound ventrolateral ATL atrophy. Specifically, the boundaries between concepts become degraded in semantic dementia and, when tested using the appropriate materials, the patients make simultaneous under- and overgeneralization errors. We found that the rate of these errors were a function of typicality and psuedotypicality of the items as well as the severity of the patients' semantic impairment. Following the modality-invariant nature of the vATL hub representation, we also confirmed that the patients were impaired on both verbal- and picture-based versions of the same task.
MODIS Reflectance and Active Fire Data for Burn Mapping in Colombia
Authors: Merino-de-Miguel Silvia , González-Alonso Federico , Huesca Margarita , Armenteras Dolors , Franco Carol 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Satellite-based strategies for burned area mapping may rely on two types of remotely sensed data: postfire reflectance images and active fire detection. This study uses both methods in a synergistic way. In particular, burned area mapping is carried out using MCD43B4 [Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS); Terra + Aqua nadir bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF); adjusted reflectance 16-day L3 global 1-km sinusoidal grid V005 (SIN)] postfire datasets and MODIS active fire products. The developed methodology was tested in Colombia, an area not covered by any known MODIS ground antenna, using data from 2004. The resulting burned area map was validated using a high-spatial-resolution Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image and compared to two global burned area products: L3JRC (terrestrial ecosystem monitoring global burnt area product) and MCD45A1 (MODIS Terra + Aqua burned area monthly global 500-m SIN grid V005). The results showed that this method would be of great interest at regional to national scales because it proved to be quick, accurate, and cost effective.
Quality Control and Tilt Correction Effects on the Turbulent Fluxes Observed at an Ocean Platform
Authors: Oh Hyun-Mi , Kim Kyung-Eak , Ha Kyung-Ja , Mahrt Larry , Shim Jae-Seol 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study investigates atmospheric factors influencing the quality and the postprocessing (e.g., tilt correction) of fast-response measurements of turbulent fluxes for difficult open-sea measurements over an offshore platform. The data were collected at the Ieodo Ocean Research Station over the Yellow Sea during the period from 5 November 2007 to 19 February 2008. The quality control removal of the data generally depends on wind speed, relative humidity, significant wave height, visibility, and stability. The removal of substantial water vapor data with weak-wind stable conditions is investigated. Three different tilt correction algorithms (double rotation, triple rotation, and planar fit) are applied to correct the data because of inadvertent tilt of sonic anemometers. The choice of tilt correction method significantly influences the angle between the wind and stress direction.
A Climatology of Rossby Wave Breaking on the Southern Hemisphere Tropopause
Authors: Ndarana Thando , Waugh Darryn W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA 30-yr climatology of Rossby wave breaking (RWB) on the Southern Hemisphere (SH) tropopause is formed using 30 yr of reanalyses. Composite analysis of potential vorticity and meridional fluxes of wave activity show that RWB in the SH can be divided into two broad categories: anticyclonic and cyclonic events. While there is only weak asymmetry in the meridional direction and most events cannot be classified as equatorward or poleward in terms of the potential vorticity structure, the position and structure of the fluxes associated with equatorward breaking differs from those of poleward breaking. Anticyclonic breaking is more common than cyclonic breaking, except on the lower isentrope examined (320 K). There are marked differences in the seasonal variations of RWB on the two surfaces, with a winter minimum for RWB around 350 K but a summer minimum for RWB around 330 K. These seasonal variations are due to changes in the location of the tropospheric jets and dynamical tropopause. During winter the subtropical jet and tropopause at 350 K are collocated in the Australian–South Pacific Ocean region, resulting in a seasonal minimum in the 350-K RWB. During summer the polar front jet and 330-K tropopause are collocated over the Southern Atlantic and Indian Oceans, inhibiting RWB in this region.
Experimental Quantification of the Sampling Uncertainty Associated with Measurements from PARSIVEL Disdrometers
Authors: Jaffrain Joël , Berne Alexis 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The variability of the (rain)drop size distribution (DSD) in time and space is an intrinsic property of rainfall, which is of primary importance for various environmental fields such as remote sensing of precipitation, for example. DSD observations are usually collected using disdrometers deployed at the ground level. Like any other measurement of a physical process, disdrometer measurements are affected by noise and sampling effects. This uncertainty must be quantified and taken into account in further analyses. This paper addresses this issue for the Particle Size Velocity (PARSIVEL) optical disdrometer by using a large dataset corresponding to light and moderate rainfall and collected from two collocated PARSIVELs deployed during 15 months in Lausanne, Switzerland. The relative sampling uncertainty associated with quantities characterizing the DSD—namely the total concentration of drops Nt and the median-volume diameter D0—is quantified for different temporal resolutions. Similarly, the relative sampling uncertainty associated with the estimates of the most commonly used weighted moments of the DSD (i.e., the rain-rate R, the radar reflectivity at horizontal polarization Zh, and the differential reflectivity Zdr) is quantified as well for different weather radar frequencies. The relative sampling uncertainty associated with estimates of Nt is below 13% for time steps longer than 60 s. For D0, it is below 8% for D0 values smaller than 1 mm. The associated sampling uncertainty for estimates of R is on the order of 15% at a temporal resolution of 60 s. For Zh, the sampling uncertainty is below 9% for Zh values below 35 dBZ at a temporal resolution of 60 s. For Zdr values below 0.75 dB, the sampling uncertainty is below 36% for all temporal resolutions. These analyses provide relevant information for the accurate quantification of the variability of the DSD from disdrometer measurements.
Genome-wide association study identifies a novel susceptibility locus at 6p21.3 among familial CLL
Authors: Slager Susan L. , Rabe Kari G. , Achenbach Sara J. , Vachon Celine M. , Goldin Lynn R. , Strom Sara S. , Lanasa Mark C. , Spector Logan G. , Rassenti Laura Z. , Leis Jose F. , Camp Nicola J. , Glenn Martha , Kay Neil E. , Cunningham Julie M. , Hanson Curtis A. , Marti Gerald E. , Weinberg J. Brice , Morrison Vicki A. , Link Brian K. , Call Timothy G. , Caporaso Neil E. , Cerhan James R. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Prior genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified 10 susceptibility loci for risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). To identify additional loci, we performed a GWA study in 407 CLL cases (of which 102 had a family history of CLL) and 296 controls. Moreover, given the strong familial risk of CLL, we further subset our GWA analysis to the CLL cases with a family history of CLL to identify loci specific to these familial CLL cases. Our top hits from these analyses were evaluated in an additional sample of 252 familial CLL cases and 965 controls. Using all available data, we identified and confirmed an independent association of 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that met genome-wide statistical significance within the IRF8 (interferon regulatory factor 8) gene (combined P values ≤ 3.37 × 10−8), located in the previously identified 16q24.1 locus. Subsetting to familial CLL cases, we identified and confirmed a new locus on chromosome 6p21.3 (combined P value = 6.92 × 10−9). This novel region harbors the HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DRB5 genes. Finally, we evaluated the 10 previously reported SNPs in the overall sample and replicated 8 of them. Our findings support the hypothesis that familial CLL cases have additional genetic variants not seen in sporadic CLL. Additional loci among familial CLL cases may be identified through larger studies.
Multiplex quantitative PCR for detection of lower respiratory tract infection and meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Abdeldaim Guma MK , Strålin Kristoffer , Korsgaard Jens , Blomberg Jonas , Welinder-Olsson Christina , Herrmann Björn 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

Background

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae cause pneumonia and as Neisseria meningitidis they are important agents of meningitis. Although several PCR methods have been described for these bacteria the specificity is an underestimated problem. Here we present a quantitative multiplex real-time PCR (qmPCR) for detection of S. pneumoniae (9802 gene fragment), H. influenzae (omp P6 gene) and N. meningitidis (ctrA gene). The method was evaluated on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 156 adults with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and 31 controls, and on 87 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from meningitis patients.

Results
The analytical sensitivity was not affected by using a combined mixture of reagents and a combined DNA standard (S. pneumoniae/H. influenzae/N. meningitidis) in single tubes. By blood- and BAL-culture and S. pneumoniae urinary antigen test, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were aetiological agents in 21 and 31 of the LTRI patients, respectively. These pathogens were identified by qmPCR in 52 and 72 of the cases, respectively, yielding sensitivities and specificities of 95% and 75% for S. pneumoniae, and 90% and 65% for H. influenzae, respectively. When using a cut-off of 105 genome copies/mL for clinical positivity the sensitivities and specificities were 90% and 80% for S. pneumoniae, and 81% and 85% for H. influenzae, respectively. Of 44 culture negative but qmPCR positive for H. influenzae, 41 were confirmed by fucK PCR as H. influenzae. Of the 103 patients who had taken antibiotics prior to sampling, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were identified by culture in 6% and 20% of the cases, respectively, and by the qmPCR in 36% and 53% of the cases, respectively.
In 87 CSF samples S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis were identified by culture and/or 16 S rRNA in 14 and 10 samples and by qmPCR in 14 and 10 samples, respectively, giving a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% for both bacteria.

Conclusions
The PCR provides increased sensitivity and the multiplex format facilitates diagnosis of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and N. meningitidis and the assay enable detection after antibiotic treatment has been installed. Quantification increases the specificity of the etiology for pneumonia.
Primary repair of colon injuries: clinical study of nonselective approach
Authors: Lazovic Ranko G , Barisic Goran I , Krivokapic Zoran V 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to determine the role of primary repair and to investigate the possibility of expanding indications for primary repair of colon injuries using nonselective approach.MethodsTwo groups of patients were analyzed. Retrospective (RS) group included 30 patients managed by primary repair or two stage surgical procedure according to criteria published by Stone (S/F) and Flint (Fl). In this group 18 patients were managed by primary repair. Prospective (PR) group included 33 patients with primary repair as a first choice procedure. In this group, primary repair was performed in 30 cases.ResultsGroups were comparable regarding age, sex, and indexes of trauma severity. Time between injury and surgery was shorter in PR group, (1.3 vs. 3.1 hours). Stab wounds were more frequent in PR group (9:2), and iatrogenic lesions in RS group (6:2). Associated injuries were similar, as well as segmental distribution of colon injuries. S/F criteria and Flint grading were similar.In RS group 15 primary repairs were successful, while in two cases relaparotomy and colostomy was performed due to anastomotic leakage. One patient died. In PR group, 25 primary repairs were successful, with 2 immediate and 3 postoperative (7-10 days) deaths, with no evidence of anastomotic leakage.ConclusionsResults of this study justify more liberal use of primary repair in early management of colon injuries.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN94682396
The invasive lobular carcinoma as a prototype luminal A breast cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jung So-Youn , Jeong Junsoo , Shin Seung-Ho , Kwon Youngmee , Kim Eun-A , Ko Kyoung Lan , Shin Kyung Hwan , Lee Keun Seok , Park In Hae , Lee Seeyoun , Kim Seok Won , Kang Han-Sung , Ro Jungsil 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

Background
Although the invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most frequent histologic subtype in Western countries, its incidence is much lower in Asia, and its characteristics are less well known.

Methods
We assessed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 83 Korean patients (2.8%) with ILC for comparison with 2,833 (97.2%) with the invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), including 1,088 (37.3%) with the luminal A subtype (LA-IDC).

Results
The mean age of all patients was 48.2 years, with no significant differences among the groups. Compared to IDC, ILC showed a larger tumor size (≥T2, 59.8% vs. 38.8%, P = 0.001), a lower histologic grade (HG 1/2, 90.4% vs. 64.4%, P < 0.001), more frequent estrogen receptor positive (90.4% vs. 64.4%, P < 0.001), progesterone receptor positive (71.1% vs. 50.1%, P < 0.001) and HER2 negative (97.5% vs. 74.6%, P < 0.001) status, and lower Ki-67 expression (10.3% ± 10.6% vs. 20.6% ± 19.8%, P < 0.001), as well as being more likely to be of the luminal A subtype (91.4% vs. 51.2%, P < 0.001). Six (7.2%) ILC and 359 (12.7%) IDC patients developed disease recurrence, with a median follow-up of 56.4 (range 4.9-136.6) months. The outcome of ILC was close to LA-IDC (HR 0.77 for recurrence, 95% CI 0.31-1.90, P = 0.57; HR 0.75 for death, 95% CI 0.18-3.09, P = 0.70) and significantly better than for the non-LA-IDC (HR 1.69 for recurrence, 95% CI 1.23-2.33, P = 0.001; HR 1.50 for death, 95% CI 0.97-2.33, P = 0.07).

Conclusions
ILC, a rare histologic type of breast cancer in Korea, has distinctive clinicopathological characteristics similar to those of LA-IDC.