bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Changes Following a 1-Year Diet and Exercise Intervention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Albu Jeanine B. , Heilbronn Leonie K. , Kelley David E. , Smith Steven R. , Azuma Koichiro , Berk Evan S. , Pi-Sunyer F. Xavier , Ravussin Eric ,   the Look AHEAD Adipose Research Group
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
To characterize the relationships among long-term improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity (glucose disposal rate [GDR]), fasting glucose, and free fatty acids (FFAs) and concomitant changes in weight and adipose tissue mass and distribution induced by lifestyle intervention in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We measured GDR, fasting glucose, and FFAs during a euglycemic clamp and adipose tissue mass and distribution, organ fat, and adipocyte size by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, CT scan, and adipose tissue biopsy in 26 men and 32 women in the Look-AHEAD trial before and after 1 year of diet and exercise aimed at weight loss.

RESULTS
Weight and fasting glucose decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.0001) and significantly more in men than in women (−12 vs. −8% and −16 vs. −7%, respectively; P &lt; 0.05), while FFAs during hyperinsulinemia decreased and GDR increased significantly (P &lt; 0.00001) and similarly in both sexes (−53 vs. −41% and 63 vs. 43%; P = NS). Men achieved a more favorable fat distribution by losing more from upper compared with lower and from deeper compared with superficial adipose tissue depots (P &lt; 0.01). Decreases in weight and adipose tissue mass predicted improvements in GDR but not in fasting glucose or fasting FFAs; however, decreases in FFAs during hyperinsulinemia significantly determined GDR improvements. Hepatic fat was the only regional fat measure whose change contributed independently to changes in metabolic variables.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing a 1-year lifestyle intervention had significant improvements in GDR, fasting glucose, FFAs and adipose tissue distribution. However, changes in overall weight (adipose tissue mass) and hepatic fat were the most important determinants of metabolic improvements.
Incidence of Wegener’s Granulomatosis in Children
Authors: GRISARU SILVIU , YUEN GILBERT W.H. , MIETTUNEN PAIVI M. , HAMIWKA LORRAINE A. 
Published: December 2009

Objective. To determine the incidence and longitudinal trends of Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) in the pediatric population of Southern Alberta over the last 15 years.Results. Fifteen cases of childhood WG were confirmed. The average annual incidence was 2.75 cases/million/year, with a steep increase over the last 5 years to 6.39 cases/million/year.Conclusion. In Southern Alberta the incidence of childhood WG during the past 15 years was comparable to the incidence reported in adults and it seems to be increasing. Further studies are required to determine if this is a regional or global phenomenon.
B Cells Delay Neutrophil Migration toward the Site of Stimulus: Tardiness Critical for Effective Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination against Tuberculosis Infection in Mice
Authors: Kondratieva Tatiana K. , Rubakova Elvira I. , Linge Irina A. , Evstifeev Vladimir V. , Majorov Konstantin B. , Apt Alexander S. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Mutations in the btk gene encoding Bruton’s tyrosine kinase cause X-linked immune deficiency, with impaired B lymphocyte function as the major phenotype. Earlier, we demonstrated that CBA/N-xid mice, unlike the wild-type CBA mice, were not protected by bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination against tuberculosis infection. Because IFN-γ–producing T cells and activated macrophages are key elements of antituberculosis protection, it remained unclear how the mutation predominantly affecting B cell functions interferes with responses along the T cell–macrophage axis. In this study, we show that B cell deficiency leads to an abnormally rapid neutrophil migration toward the site of external stimulus. Using adoptive cell transfers and B cell genetic knockout, we demonstrate a previously unappreciated capacity of B cells to downregulate neutrophil motility. In our system, an advanced capture of BCG by neutrophils instead of macrophages leads to a significant decrease in numbers of IFN-γ–producing T cells and impairs BCG performance in X-linked immune-deficient mice. The defect is readily compensated for by the in vivo neutrophil depletion.
Invariant NKT Cells in Hyperplastic Skin Induce a Local Immune Suppressive Environment by IFN-γ Production
Authors: Mattarollo Stephen R. , Rahimpour Azad , Choyce Allison , Godfrey Dale I. , Leggatt Graham R. , Frazer Ian H. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
NKT cells can promote or inhibit adaptive immune responses. Cutaneous immunity is tightly regulated by cooperation between innate and adaptive immune processes, but the role of NKT cells in regulating cutaneous immunity is largely unknown. In this study, we show, in a mouse model, that skin-infiltrating CD1d-restricted NKT cells in HPV16-E7 transgenic hyperplastic skin produce IFN-γ, which can prevent rejection of HPV16-E7–expressing skin grafts. Suppression of graft rejection is associated with the accumulation of CD1dhi-expressing CD11c+F4/80hi myeloid cells in hyperplastic skin. Blockade of CD1d, removal of NKT cells, or local inhibition of IFN-γ signaling is sufficient to restore immune-mediated graft rejection. Thus, inhibition of NKT cell recruitment or function may enable effective immunity against tumor and viral Ags expressed in epithelial cells.
Prescription du spectre du laplacien de Hodge–de Rham dans une classe conforme
Authors: Jammes Pierre 
Published: December 2009

For any compact manifold of dimension

n ≥ 5

, we prescribe the volume and any finite part of the spectrum of the Hodge Laplacian (without multiplicity) acting on differential forms of degree

p \in [2,n − 2]

(except for

p = n/2

if

n

is even), within a given conformal class. When

n ≤ 4

and when

p = 0, 1, n − 1, n

, and

p = n/2

if

n

is even, this simultaneous prescription of the volume, the spectrum and the conformal class is known to be impossible.

Résumé

Sur toute variété compacte de dimension

n ≥ 5

, on prescrit le volume et toute partie finie du spectre du laplacien de Hodge–de Rham (sans multiplicité) en restriction aux formes de degré

p \in [2,n − 2]

, en excluant

p = n/2

si

n

est pair, et en imposant à la métrique d'appartenir à une classe conforme donnée. On sait que pour

n ≤ 4

, ainsi que pour

p = 0, 1, n − 1, n

, et

p = n/2

si

n

est pair, on ne peut pas prescrire simultanément le spectre, le volume et la classe conforme.
Rigidité topologique sous l'hypothèse « entropie majorée » et applications
Authors: Reviron Guillemette 
Published: December 2009

We study some families of compact length spaces whose entropy is bounded from above. We prove that these families are complete w.r.t. the Gromov–Hausdorff distance and we give an explicit constant ε0 > 0 such that, on balls of radius ε0 with respect to the Gromov–Hausdorff distance, the fundamental group is constant, the universal covers are close for the equivariant Gromov–Hausdorff distance, the length spectrum is continuous and the entropy is Lipschitz. If we consider now some subsets of manifolds, we show moreover that the volume is semi-continuous from below and that the integral of the Ricci curvature is bounded from below.
Nous étudions certaines familles d'espaces de longueur compacts dont l'entropie volumique est majorée. Nous montrons que ces familles sont complètes pour la distance de Gromov–Hausdorff et nous prouvons l'existence d'une constante explicite ε0 > 0 telle que, sur les boules de rayon ε0 pour la distance de Gromov–Hausdorff, le groupe fondamental est constant, les revêtements universels sont proches pour la distance de Gromov–Hausdorff équivariante, le spectre des longueurs est continu, l'entropie est Lipschitzienne. Si l'on se restreint à certains sous-ensembles des variétés riemanniennes compactes, nous montrons de plus que, sur ces boules de rayon ε0, le volume est semi-continu inférieurement et que l'intégrale de la courbure de Ricci est minorée uniformément.
Reparamétrisation universelle de familles f-analytiques de cycles et théorème de f-aplatissement géométrique
Authors: Barlet Daniel 
Published: December 2009

This article presents a new point of view around the main results of D. Mathieu [M00] on meromorphic equivalence relations. We introduce the space of finite type cycles (closed analytic cycles with finitely many irreducible components) of a given finite dimensional complex space and a natural topology on this space, in order to avoid the “regularity” condition for analytic families of cycles introduced in loc. cit. and also the two notions of “escape to infinity” which are here encoded in a natural way in our framework. Then the results are stronger and much simpler to state and to use. They contain, in a slightly different language, a clean and more general version of the works of H. Grauert [G83] and [G86] and of B. Siebert [S93] and [S94] on meromorphic equivalence relations.
Cet article présente un nouveau point de vue à propos des principaux résultats de David Mathieu [M00] sur les relations d'équivalence méromorphes. Nous introduisons l'espace des cycles de type fini (les cycles analytiques fermés n'ayant qu'un nombre fini de composantes irréductibles) d'un espace analytique complexe donné de dimension finie, muni d'une topologie naturelle, ce qui permet d'éviter la condition de (« régularité » des familles analytiques de cycles qui est utilisée dans loc. cit. et également les deux notions de « fuite à l'infini » qui sont ici encodées de façon naturelle dans notre contexte. Les résultats obtenus sont meilleurs et surtout d'énoncés et d'utilisation beaucoup plus simples. Ils contiennent, avec un langage un peu différent, une version plus claire et plus générale des travaux de H. Grauert [G83] et [G86] et de B. Siebert [S93] et [S94] sur les relations d'équivalence méromorphes.
Amenable groups and Hadamard spaces with a totally disconnected isometry group
Authors: Caprace Pierre-Emmanuel 
Published: December 2009

Let

X

be a locally compact Hadamard space and

G

be a totally disconnected group acting continuously, properly and cocompactly on

X

. We show that a closed subgroup of

G

is amenable if and only if it is (topologically locally finite)-by-(virtually abelian). We are led to consider a set

∂^{\mathrm{fine}}_∞ X

which is a refinement of the visual boundary

∂_∞ X

. For each

x \in ∂^{\mathrm{fine}}_∞ X

, the stabilizer

G_x

is amenable.
Invariant d'Hermite isotrope et densité des réseaux orthogonaux lorentziens
Authors: Bavard Christophe 
Published: December 2009

Nous déterminons la densité maximale des réseaux orthogonaux lorentziens jusqu'en dimension 12 et en dimension 18 pour le type pair. Par ailleurs, nous définissons un invariant d'Hermite isotrope pour lequel nous établissons, dans le cas lorentzien, une théorie «de Voronoï» complète.
We compute the maximal density of orthogonal Lorentzians lattices up to dimension 12 and in dimension 18 for the even type. On the other hand, we define an isotropic Hermite invariant and we show that it satisfies, in the Lorentzian case, a complete “Voronoï's theory” .
Asymptotic dimension and uniform embeddings
Authors: Gal Światosław R. 
Published: December 2009

We study uniform embeddings of metric spaces, which satisfy some asymptotic tameness conditions such as finite asymptotic dimension, finite Assouad–Nagata dimension, polynomial dimension growth or polynomial growth, into function spaces.
We show how the
type function
of a space with finite asymptotic dimension estimates its Hilbert (or any

ℓ^p

-) compression. In particular, we show that the spaces of finite asymptotic dimension with
linear type
(spaces with finite Assouad–Nagata dimension) have compression rate equal to one.
We show, without the extra assumption that the space has the doubling property (finite Assouad dimension), that a space with polynomial growth has polynomial dimension growth and compression rate equal to one.

The method used allows us to obtain a lower bound on the compression of the lamplighter group

ℤ ≀ ℤ

, which has infinite asymptotic dimension.
Low degree bounded cohomology and $L^2$-invariants for negatively curved groups
Authors: Thom Andreas 
Published: December 2009

We study the subgroup structure of discrete groups that share cohomological properties which resemble non-negative curvature. Examples include all Gromov hyperbolic groups.
We provide strong restrictions on the possible s-normal subgroups of a ‘negatively curved’ group. Another result says that the image of a group, which is boundedly generated by a finite set of amenable subgroups, in a group, which admits a proper quasi-1-cocycle into the regular representation, has to be amenable. These results extend to a certain class of randomorphisms in the sense of Monod.
Strichartz and smoothing estimates for Schrödinger operators with large magnetic potentials in $\mathbb{R}^3$
Authors: Erdoğan M. Burak , Goldberg Michael , Schlag Wilhelm 
Published: December 2009

We present a novel approach for bounding the resolvent of a Schroedinger operator with a large first-order perturbation. It is shown here that despite the size of the perturbation, its associated Born series is absolutely convergent at sufficiently high energies. This requires suitable smoothness and polynomial decay of the scalar and vector (magnetic) potentials.
Such a result is well known in the scalar case, but is more difficult for vector potentials because the gradient term exactly cancels the natural decay of the free resolvent. To control the individual terms of the Born series, we introduce a conical decomposition of the resolvent and then sum over all possible combinations of cones. Chains of cones that all point in the same direction lead to a factorial gain typical of iterated Volterra-type operators. On the other hand, cones that are not aligned contribute little due to the decay of Fourier transforms. We make no use of micro-local analysis, but instead rely only on classical phase-space techniques.

As a corollary, we show that the time evolution of the Schroedinger operator in

R^3

satisfies global Strichartz and smoothing estimates without any smallness assumptions. We require that zero energy is neither an eigenvalue nor a resonance for this application.
Moduli space actions on the Hochschild co-chains of a Frobenius algebra I: cell operads
Authors: Kaufmann Ralph M. 
Published: December 2009

This is the first of two papers in which we prove that a cell model of the moduli space of curves with marked points and tangent vectors at the marked points acts on the Hochschild co-chains of a Frobenius algebra. We also prove that a there is dg-PROP action of a version of Sullivan chord diagrams which acts on the normalized Hochschild co-chains of a Frobenius algebra. These actions lift to operadic correlation functions on the co-cycles. In particular, the PROP action gives an action on the homology of a loop space of a compact simply-connected manifold.
In this first part, we set up the topological operads/PROPs and their cell models. The main theorems of this part are: There is a cell model operad for the moduli space of genus g curves with n punctures and a tangent vector at each of these punctures, there exists a CW complex whose chains are isomorphic to a certain type of Sullivan chord diagrams and they form a PROP. Furthermore there exist weak versions of these structures on the topological level which all lie inside an all encompassing cyclic (rational) operad.
Moduli space actions on the Hochschild co-chains of a Frobenius algebra II: correlators
Authors: Kaufmann Ralph M. 
Published: December 2009

This is the second of two papers in which we prove that a cell model of the moduli space of curves with marked points and tangent vectors at the marked points acts on the Hochschild co-chains of a Frobenius algebra. We also prove that there is dg-PROP action of a version of Sullivan chord diagrams which acts on the normalized Hochschild co-chains of a Frobenius algebra. These actions lift to operadic correlation functions on the co-cycles. In particular, the PROP action gives an action on the homology of a loop space of a compact simply connected manifold.
In this second part, we discretize the operadic and PROPic structures of the first part. We also introduce the notion of operadic correlation functions and use them in conjunction with operadic maps from the cell level to the discretized objects to define the relevant actions.
The Goodwillie Calculus of Functors
Authors: Goodwillie Thomas , McCarthy Randy 
Published: December 2009

The purpose of this meeting was to introduce the participants to calculus of functors, a theory aimed at “approximating” functors in algebra and topology. The focus of the talks was on two related branches of the theory, homotopy and manifold calculus. T
he organizers, Thomas Goodwillie and Randy McCarthy, scheduled 16 talks. The first was given by Goodwillie who introduced the main ideas and outlined the plan for the rest of the meeting. In talks 2–5, speakers explained the most important terminology, techniques, and results used in both versions of the theory. In talks 6–8, participants learned about manifold calculus and how it applies to spaces of knots (talk 8), while talks 9–15 dealt with homotopy calculus. In the last four of those lectures, some applications, elaborations on results established in previous talks, and different versions of certain ideas and proofs encountered so far were given. Goodwillie explored some connections between the two versions of calculus of functors (as they apply to the embedding and identity functors) and gave the concluding remarks in the last talk.
It should be noted that a third version of the theory, orthogonal calculus, was not discussed due to time constraints, but Goodwillie explained some of its most salient features in an extra evening session. Other evening events took place as well, such as Rainer Vogt's elaboration of an aspect of his talk and informal research reports given by some participants.
Geometrie
Authors: Bangert Victor , Burago Yury Dmitri , Pinkall Ulrich 
Published: December 2009

The workshop was organized by V. Bangert (Freiburg), Yu. D. Burago (St. Petersburg) and U. Pinkall (Berlin). Out of the 47 participants 22 came from Germany, 8 from the United States, 7 from Switzerland, 4 from Russia, 4 from England and 2 from France.
The official program consisted of 20 lectures and included four lectures by B. Kleiner (Ann Arbor) on “Perelman's work on Ricci flow'”. The program covered a wide range of new developments in geometry. To name some of them, we mention the topics “Metric space geometry in the style of Alexandrov/Gromov”, “Finsler geometry”, “Constant mean curvature surfaces in Thurston geometries”.
Optimization and Applications
Authors: Jarre Florian , Lemaréchal Claude , Zowe Jochem 
Published: December 2009

This workshop was attended by 47 participants with broad geographic representation from all continents. It was enlightened by this cheerful atmosphere special to Oberwolfach, and which the participants contributed to by their mutual friendship and esteem.
The theme was optimization problems, their theory and resolution, and above all applications of them. Some emphasis was put on the still recent subject of optimization over the cone of positive semidefinite matrices (SDP). In the following 20 extended abstracts, one finds
We thank Gail Pieper (Argonne National Laboratory) for her careful proofreading of every abstract; her editorial work substantially improved the presentation of this material.
Mini-Workshop: Interface Problems in Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Bänsch Eberhard , Tobiska Lutz , Walkington Noel J. 
Published: December 2009

This workshop was concurrent with the workshop on Analytical and Numerical Methods in Image and Surface Processing (see: Report No. 10/2005), and since the participants interests overlapped several combined talks were organized. In particular, we thank P. Schroder, U. Reif, G. Dziuk, C. Elliot, and F. Cirak, for their contributions.
Currently there are three major techniques for tracking or characterizing interfaces present in a CFD computation: (i) The level set method, (ii) Phase field approximations, and (iii) Explicit parameterization using Lagrangian variables. Each of these techniques, and various hybrids, were presented by the participants to solve a variety of challenging CFD problems involving interfaces. Several trends emerged during the workshop.
Mathematical Logic: Proof Theory, Type Theory and Constructive Mathematics
Authors: Buss Samuel R. , Moschovakis Yiannis N. , Schwichtenberg Helmut 
Published: December 2009

The workshop
Mathematical Logic: Proof Theory, Type Theory and Constructive Mathematics
, was held March 20th–March 26th, 2005 and had several aims.

To promote
interaction between traditional proof theory and a more structural mathematical proof theory. It is hoped to encourage the application-oriented to consider their tools more abstractedly and those with foundational leaning to focus on possible applications. Questions of feasibility should play an essential role here.

To further develop
constructive mathematics. For instance, there has been recent progress in designing some central notions for a constructive treatment of algebraic topology (like that of a scheme, in Peter Schuster's Habilitationsschrift 2003). An essential tool is the so-called formal or point-free topology, developed by Sambin, Coquand and others. Type theory offers some unifying concepts for a useful dicussion of the notions involved.

To explore
the relevance of classical mathematics to algorithms. Recent work of Kohlenbach, Lombardi, Roy and others showed, in very different ways, that mathematical proofs that use a priory highly non computational concepts, such as Zorn's lemma or compactness principles, may contain implicitely very interesting computational information. For instance, recent work of Kohlenbach – using a modification of Gödel's Dialectica interpretation – could extract not only algorithmic information but also new theorems, surprising to the expert (here in the field of metric fixed point theory).

To understand
in depth mathematical concepts in connection with algorithms and proofs, and also to further develop the notion of a certificate, aimed at unifying attempts to connect proof systems and computer algebra systems.

To develop
connections between proof theory and computational complexity. Specifically to understand the connections between the complexity of formal proofs, computational complexity and descriptive complexity.

The variety of these aims is well reflected by the many talks given. As can be seen from their abstracts, presented in chronological order, they cover a broad range of topics – without losing their common theme, that is, mathematical logic and the formal reasoning about proofs and computations.
In order to provide the participants with an overview of some of the recent developments in some of the covered topics two invited lecture series were given. Both highlighted applications of proof theory to other areas of mathematics. Ulrich Kohlenbach presented proof mining as an area of applications of proof theory to analysis; Thierry Coquand's talk on infinite objects in constructive mathematics showed applications of proof theory to algebra.