bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpenetrating Liquid Crystal Elastomer and Ionogel as Tunable Electroactive Actuators and Sensors
Authors: Deng Yakui , Liu Gaoyu , Brûlet Annie , Nguyen Giao T. M. , Dudzinski Daniel , Vidal Frédéric , Plesse Cédric , Vancaeyzeele Cédric , Li Min‐Hui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectroactive liquid crystal elastomers (eLCEs) are used to make actuators and soft robotics. However, most eLCEs are monofunctional with one type of deformation (bending or contraction). Recently, a trilayer eLCE are reported by combining ion‐conducting LCE and ionic electroactive polymer device (i‐EAD). This i‐EAD‐LCE is bifunctional and performs either bending or contractile deformation by controlling low‐voltage stimulation. Nevertheless, it has a Young's modulus of only 1.63 MPa. To improve the mechanical performance, the i‐EAD‐IPN‐LCE is prepared here, whose central membrane is composed of interpenetrating LCE and ionogel (i‐IPN‐LCE) instead of a single ion‐conducting LCE. This i‐EAD‐IPN‐LCE with a typical thickness of 0.5 mm can function not only as linear and bending actuators, but also as a sensor. As a linear actuator, its Young's modulus, actuation stress, and strain are 51.6 MPa, 0.14 MPa and 9%, respectively, reaching skeletal muscles’ values. As a bending actuator, its bending strain difference Δε is 1.18% with 3 mN output force. It can also operate as a sensor producing 0.4 mV Open‐Circuit‐Voltage to respond to bending deformation (Δε = 9%). Therefore, this i‐EAD‐IPN‐LCE is a promising system for the fabrication of robust electroactive devices and sensors with multiple degrees of freedom.
Magnetically Assisted 3D Printing of Ultra‐Antiwear Flexible Sensor
Authors: Ma Zeyu , Wu Yuhao , Lu Shan , Li Jianing , Liu Jianbo , Huang Xiaodong , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhang Yin , Dong Guangneng , Qin Liguo , Yang Sen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract3D printing has shown promise in the development of notable sensing and health detection devices. Nonetheless, challenges remain in the concurrent development of highly durable wearable sensors with low‐friction surfaces. This challenge serves as a limiting factor in the operational lifespans of these sensors. In this study, a magnetically assisted 3D printing technique is developed to fabricate composites reinforced with magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 nanochains (NCs) with dimensions of 60.2 µm in length (L) and 0.2 µm in diameter (D), indicating an L:D ratio exceeding 300. By applying a vertical magnetic field and extrusion flow field to the sensor's surface layer, the NCs can be arranged differently (together with the printed textures), reducing the coefficient of friction by 27.7% and improving the wear resistance. This approach is inspired by nacre, known for its impressive durability and resilience. A motion monitoring sensor with an extended lifespan is successfully fabricated by using liquid metal ink integrated with an anti‐wear layer. These findings offer significant insights into the evolution of wearable sensors, demonstrating their adaptability to multi‐material printing and resulting in improved performance and service lives.
Multi‐Electrode Electroretinography with Transparent Microelectrodes Printed on a Soft and Wet Contact Lens
Authors: Hu Lunjie , Azhari Saman , Li Qianyu , Zhang Hanzhe , Ashimori Atsushige , Kimura Kazuhiro , Miyake Takeo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVisual electrophysiology measurements are crucial in ophthalmology as they are frequently used for diagnosing and treating numerous ocular diseases. Therefore, optically transparent and flexible electrodes with high sensitivity at localized regions are in high demand. Here, it is aimed to develop a soft, transparent, multi‐electrode system assembled on commercially available soft contact lenses and assess its application in measuring Electroretinography (ERG) responses in rabbits. A biocompatible multi‐electrode system on commercial disposable soft contact lenses is successfully constructed, showing 95% cell viability, 82% optical transparency over the visible range, and good flexibility at 10% strain. Direct current (DC) voltage is used to produce a highly resistive overoxidized poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) layer that covers all parts of the electrodes except the sensing region, which, owing to its high conductivity, can accurately measure electrical signals from local regions of the cornea. Spatially resolved ERG recordings of rabbits are obtained with superior signal quality using this multi‐electrode system. Thus, this device is expected to be used in ophthalmic diagnosis in the future.
Response Speed of Organic Photodiodes as a Function of Incident Optical Intensity
Authors: Saggar Siddhartha , Mahmood Asad , Nayak Nagaraj , Kumar Anil , Andersson Mats R. , Philippa Bronson , Lo Shih‐Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDifferent approaches have been introduced to raise the response speed of bulk heterojunction‐based organic photodiodes (OPDs), with the best‐performing devices now having speeds in the MHz range. In most organic photodiodes, the response speed is commonly assumed to be due to transit time of charge carriers. Upon investigating fluence‐dependent photoresponse of different OPDs, it is found here that bimolecular recombination dictates the response speed at higher fluence levels. Herein, four different organic blend based photodiode systems and their response speed to a range of incident optical fluences are reported. A steep variation in response speed, depending upon the blend system is observed. Using experimental and theoretical studies, the intensity‐dependent response speeds are attributed to differences in the suppressed recombination factor. A high factor enables faster response times in the regime of higher light intensity. This new approach to high‐speed detections has implications for the design of high‐speed organic photodetectors, especially in applications where the speed of the photodetector is most important irrespective of the intensity of the incident signal.
Targeting Tumor Heterogeneity by Breaking a Stem Cell and Epithelial Niche Interaction Loop
Authors: Ma Rongze , Feng Deyi , Chen Jing , Zhou Jiecan , Xia Kun , Kong Xiangyin , Hu Guohong , Lu Pengfei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTumor heterogeneity, the presence of multiple distinct subpopulations of cancer cells between patients or among the same tumors, poses a major challenge to current targeted therapies. The way these different subpopulations interact among themselves and the stromal niche environment, and how such interactions affect cancer stem cell behavior has remained largely unknown. Here, it is shown that an FGF‐BMP7‐INHBA signaling positive feedback loop integrates interactions among different cell populations, including mammary gland stem cells, luminal epithelial and stromal fibroblast niche components not only in organ regeneration but also, with certain modifications, in cancer progression. The reciprocal dependence of basal stem cells and luminal epithelium is based on basal‐derived BMP7 and luminal‐derived INHBA, which promote their respective expansion, and is regulated by stromal‐epithelial FGF signaling. Targeting this interaction loop, for example, by reducing the function of one or more of its components, inhibits organ regeneration and breast cancer progression. The results have profound implications for overcoming drug resistance because of tumor heterogeneity in future targeted therapies.
Regulation of Dipolar‐Dipolar and Ion‐Dipolar Interactions Simultaneously in Strong Solvating Electrolytes for All‐Temperature Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yun Xiaoru , Chen Yufang , Gao Hongjing , Lu Di , Zuo Lanlan , Gao Peng , Zhou Guangmin , Zheng Chunman , Xiao Peitao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) attract attention due to their safety and high specific capacity. However, their practical applications are constrained by Zn anode corrosion, dendritic growth, and poor temperature adaptability induced by a strong hydrogen‐bond network in aqueous electrolytes. Herein, a universal strategy to design strong solvating electrolytes is proposed, in which the hydrogen‐bond network and solvation structures are reconstructed by regulating the dipolar‐dipolar and ion‐dipolar interactions simultaneously. Consequently, the hydrogen‐bond network in free water is largely weakened, and the water content in the Zn2+ solvated sheath is reduced, while the hydrogen‐bond network between solvents is strengthened, which effectively broadens the operating temperature range and suppresses Zn dendrites and corrosion. As a result, Zn anodes exhibit excellent platting/stripping efficiency with an average Coulombic Efficiency up to 99.89% after 2000 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2, impressive cycling stability (5000 h, 0.5 mA cm−2/0.5 mA h cm−2), and a wide operating temperature range of 140 °C (−50–90 °C). Moreover, the Zn//V2O3 full cells also display enhanced temperature‐resistance, implying that the designed strong solvation electrolyte has practical application potential in extreme environments. This study suggests a promising strategy to design ideal electrolytes for high‐performance AZIBs with safety, ultralong cycling life, and satisfying temperature‐resistance.
Hysteresis, Impedance, and Transients Effects in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells and Memory Devices Analysis by Neuron‐Style Models
Authors: Bisquert Juan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHalide perovskites are at the forefront of active research in many applications, such as high performance solar cells, photodetectors, and synapses and neurons for neuromorphic computation. As a result of ion transport and ionic‐electronic interactions, current and recombination are influenced by delay and memory effects that cause hysteresis of current–voltage curves and long switching times. A methodology to formulate device models is shown, in which the conduction and recombination electronic variables are influenced by internal state variables. The models are inspired in biological frameworks of the Hodgkin–Huxley class of models. Here, the theoretical precedents, the main physical components of the models, and their application to describe dynamical measurements in halide perovskite devices are summarized. The application of several measurement methods is analyzed, as the current–voltage curves at different scan rates, the impedance spectroscopy response, and the time transients. The transition from normal (capacitive) to inverted (inductive) hysteresis, and the convergence of current–voltage curves to a stable value, are described. It is proposed that neuron‐style models capture dynamical complexity with a favorable economy of parameters, toward the identification of the dominant global dynamic processes across a wide voltage span that determines the practical response of different types of devices.
Coal combustion residue for crop productivity in the semiarid US High Plains
Authors: Thapa Vesh R. , Maharjan Bijesh , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Lawrence Nevin , Das Saurav , Creech Cody , Hergert Gary W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCarbon (C) amendments can enhance crop productivity, particularly in semiarid regions. Understanding the potential interference of C amendment with herbicide efficacies is essential to informing the practice. An experiment was conducted in western Nebraska in 2016–2018 to evaluate the effects of coal combustion residue (CCR) and herbicides on crop yields and weed density in the dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)–maizedb (maize [Zea mays L.] following dry bean)–sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.)–maizesb (maize following sugarbeet) rotation. All crop phases of the rotation were present each year and received CCR at varying rates (0, 3.3, 6.6, 13.1, and 19.7 Mg C ha−1) in spring 2016. Overall, CCR did not have consistent beneficial effects on crop yields. There were trends for yield benefits with CCR application compared to no‐CCR plots in dry bean (p = 0.066) and sugar beet (p = 0.155) in 2017 and maizedb in 2018 (p = 0.222). In 2016, among no‐herbicide treatments, the treatment with the highest CCR rate had a greater maizesb yield (16.2 ± 0.1 Mg ha−1) than the rest of the CCR treatments, including the control. The CCR application did not adversely affect herbicide efficacy in weed control. However, in 2016, among plots where herbicide (saflufenacil + dimethenamid‐p) was applied, the CCR treatment (6.6 Mg C ha−1) had lower maizesb yield than the control. Future research should consider factors such as application rates, methods, and timing to assess the potential adverse effects of C amendments on herbicide efficacies.
Integrating fall‐planted cereal rye cover crop with herbicides for reducing Palmer amaranth seed production in soybean under planting green conditions
Authors: Stephens Trey , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Knezevic Stevan Z. , Rees Jenny , Kohler‐Cole Katja , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCover crops are usually terminated prior to planting the cash crop; however, “planting green” is an alternative approach that allows growers to plant cash crop into an actively growing, green cover crop, which is then terminated after the establishment of the cash crop. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine whether planting soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) into a standing cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop provides superior weed suppression compared to terminating cereal rye 2 weeks before soybean planting and (2) to evaluate an integrated effect of herbicide programs and cereal rye termination timing on Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) control, biomass, seed production, soybean grain yield, and benefit/cost ratio. Field experiments were conducted in southcentral Nebraska from 2020 to 2022. Preemergence (PRE) herbicide with 2 weeks after planting (WAP) termination of cereal rye provided >95% Palmer amaranth control in 2021 and varied from 88% to 98% in 2022 at 28 days after PRE. A PRE herbicide followed by (fb) late‐postemergence (LPOST) herbicide with 2 WAP termination of cereal rye controlled Palmer amaranth 85%–92% in 2021 compared with 97%–99% control 28 days after LPOST herbicide application in 2022. Palmer amaranth density was higher with 2 WBP cereal rye termination compared with 2 WAP termination regardless of the herbicide program. PRE fb LPOST herbicide programs integrated with 2 WAP termination of cereal rye reduced Palmer amaranth seed production to less than 9100 seeds plant−1 in 2021 and no seed production in 2022. In 2021, terminating cereal rye 2 WAP played an integral role in controlling and reducing the density of Palmer amaranth; however, it had noticeable impact on soybean yield compared to terminating 2 WBP. In 2022, hail and windstorm had a confounding effect on soybean stand and yield.
Tracing the fine‐scale demographic history and recent admixture in Hmong–Mien speakers
Authors: Xia Zi‐Yang , Chen Xingcai , Wang Chuan‐Chao , Deng Qiongying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe linguistic, historical, and subsistent uniqueness of Hmong–Mien (HM) speakers offers a wonderful opportunity to investigate how these factors impact the genetic structure. The genetic differentiation among HM speakers and their population history are not well characterized. Here, we generate genome‐wide data from 65 Yao ethnicity samples and analyze them with published data, particularly by leveraging haplotype‐based methods. We determined that the fine‐scale genetic substructure of HM speakers corresponds better with linguistic classification than with geography. Particularly, parallels between serial founder events and language differentiations can be observed in West Hmongic speakers. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that ~500‐year‐old GaoHuaHua individuals are most closely related to West Hmongic‐speaking Bunu. The strong genetic bottleneck of some HM‐speaking groups, especially Bunu, could potentially be associated with their long‐term practice of swidden agriculture to some degree. The inferred admixture dates for most of the HM speakers overlap with the reign of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644 CE). Besides a common genetic origin for HM speakers, their genetic ancestry is shared primarily with neighboring Han Chinese and Tai‐Kadai speakers in south China. In conclusion, our analyses reveal that recent isolation and admixture events have contributed to the genetic population history of present‐day HM speakers.
A Fluorinated Chaperone Gives X‐ray Crystal Structures of Acyclic Natural Product Derivatives up to 338 Molecular Weight
Authors: Berking Tim , Hartenfels Jan , Lenczyk Carsten , Santiso‐Quinones Gustavo , Frey Wolfgang , Richert Clemens 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCrystallizing molecules with long flexible chains is a challenge, making it difficult to perform X‐ray crystallography. Chaperones can assist in the crystallization of compounds that do not crystallize by themselves by producing solvate crystals that contain the analyte in their three‐dimensional lattices. Among the most versatile chaperones for liquid analytes are tetraaryladamantanes (TAAs), but the size of the compounds that can be encapsulated is limited, and attempts to surpass this limit with known TAAs were unsuccessful. Here we report that 1,3,5,7‐tetrakis(2‐fluoro‐4‐methoxyphenyl)adamantane (TFM) is a crystallization chaperone for acyclic molecules up to the molecular weight of phytyl acetate (338 g/mol). Encapsulation of such a large acyclic compound was achieved when the analyte was esterified and when a two‐step temperature protocol was used for crystallization. Exploratory work indicates that a drop to −20 °C allows for encapsulation of squalene (Mr 411 g/mol), albeit with positional disorder of the analyte. Our X‐ray crystal structures of solvates with flexible analytes shed light on how crystalline order can be imposed on large acyclic analytes. The new, fluorinated TAA gives access to crystal structures that were inaccessible thus far.
Programming Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Promoted Photoinduced Molecular Oxygen Activation
Authors: Xu Hetao , Xia Shuling , Li Chunlei , Li Yang , Xing Wandong , Jiang Yi , Chen Xiong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite the pivotal role of molecular oxygen (O2) activation in artificial photosynthesis, the activation efficiency is often restricted by sluggish exciton dissociation and charge transfer kinetics within polymer photocatalysts. Herein, we propose two tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)‐based imine‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with tailored donor‐acceptor (D–A) structures, TTF‐PDI‐COF and TTF‐TFPP‐COF, to promote O2 activation. Because of enhanced electron push‐pull interactions that facilitated charge separation and transfer behavior, TTF‐PDI‐COF exhibited superior photocatalytic activity in electron‐induced O2 activation reactions over TTF‐TFPP‐COF under visible light irradiation, including the photosynthesis of (E)‐3‐amino‐2‐thiocyano‐α,β‐unsaturated compounds and H2O2. These findings highlight the significant potential of the rational design of COFs with D–A configurations as suitable candidates for advanced photocatalytic applications.
A Luminescent Hybrid Bimetallic Halide Family with Solvent‐Coordinated Rare Earth and Alkaline Earth Metals
Authors: Lin Jiawei , Wang Pan , Zhou Jiaqian , Mao Lingling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHybrid metal halides are an extraordinary class of optoelectronic materials with extensive applications. To further diversify and study the in‐depth structure‐property relations, we report here a new family of 21 zero‐dimensional hybrid bimetallic chlorides with the general formula A(L)n[BClm] (A=rare earth (RE), alkaline earth metals and Mn; L=solvent ligand; and B=Sb, Bi and Te). The RE(DMSO)8[BCl6] (RE=La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, and Dy; DMSO=dimethyl sulfoxide) series shows broadband emission attributed to triplet radiative recombination from Sb and Bi, incorporating the characteristic emission of RE metals, where Eu(DMSO)8[BiCl6] shows a staggering PL quantum yield of 94 %. The pseudo‐octahedral [SbCl5] with Cl vacancy in AII(DMSO)6[SbCl5] (AII=Mg, Ca and Mn) and the square pyramidal [SbCl5] in AII(TMSO)6[SbCl5] (TMSO=tetramethylene sulfoxide) enhance the stereoactive expression of the 5 s2 lone pairs of Sb3+, giving rise to the observation of dual‐band emission of singlet and triplet emission, respectively. A series of Te(IV) analogues have been characterized, showing blue‐light‐excitable single‐band emission. This work expands the materials space for hybrid bimetallic halides with an emphasis on harnessing the RE elements, and provides important insights into designing new emitters and regulating their properties.
Tailoring Electric Double Layer by Cation Specific Adsorption for High‐Voltage Quasi‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhou Qingjie , Zhao Huaian , Fu Chuankai , Jian Jiyuan , Huo Hua , Ma Yulin , Du Chunyu , Gao Yunzhi , Yin Geping , Zuo Pengjian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe interfacial instability of high‐nickel layered oxides severely plagues practical application of high‐energy quasi‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, a uniform and highly oxidation‐resistant polymer layer within inner Helmholtz plane is engineered by in situ polymerizing 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium (VEIM) cations preferentially adsorbed on LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 (NCM83) surface, inducing the formation of anion‐derived cathode electrolyte interphase with fast interfacial kinetics. Meanwhile, the copolymerization of [VEIM][BF4] and vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC) endows P(VEC‐IL) copolymer with the positively‐charged imidazolium moieties, providing positive electric fields to facilitate Li+ transport and desolvation process. Consequently, the Li||NCM83 cells with a cut‐off voltage up to 4.5 V exhibit excellent reversible capacity of 130 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 25 °C and considerable discharge capacity of 134 mAh g−1 without capacity decay after 100 cycles at −20 °C. This work provides deep understanding on tailoring electric double layer by cation specific adsorption for high‐voltage quasi‐solid‐state LMBs.
Screenshotting partial perspectives: The case of Danish mink in Google search results
Authors: Ridgway Renée 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGoogle has become an “increasing invisible information infrastructure” that “organizes the world's information,” simultaneously shaping and organizing users through “ubiquitous googling” with keywords as a daily habit of new media. However, there is limited knowledge about how Google ranks information, intervenes, and the veracity of its search results. How can they be captured, analyzed, and understood in regard to search ecosystems? This article addresses these questions through a digital ethnography with a group of students as an “experiment in living” that investigates whether individuals receive so‐called “personalized” search results with the keyword “mink.” The method of screenshotting makes permanent the top results, which can then be compared, offering a “partial perspective” as “situated knowledge.” Building on previous empirical search studies using screenshotting, an analysis demonstrates that similar search results are obtained due to Google's recent tendency for “social relevance” and not individual “user relevance.” Students were sorted and grouped into categories of others “like them,” in this case dependent on a static university Internet Protocol address. This educational intervention contributes to screenshotting literature and feminist STS by introducing a method that empowers citizen agency, thereby contributing to developing strategies for generating more democratic, inclusive, and healthier information ecosystems.