bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanics of thoracic short versus long fixation after 3-column injury
Authors: Lazaro Bruno C. R. , Deniz Fatih Ersay , Brasiliense Leonardo B. C. , Reyes Phillip M. , Sawa Anna G. U. , Theodore Nicholas , Sonntag Volker K. H. , Crawford Neil R. 
Published: December 2010

Object
Posterior screw-rod fixation for thoracic spine trauma usually involves fusion across long segments. Biomechanical data on screw-based short-segment fixation for thoracic fusion are lacking. The authors compared the effects of spanning short and long segments in the thoracic spine.

Methods
Seven human spine segments (5 segments from T-2 to T-8; 2 segments from T-3 to T-9) were prepared. Pure-moment loading of 6 Nm was applied to induce flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation while 3D motion was measured optoelectronically. Normal specimens were tested, and then a wedge fracture was created on the middle vertebra after cutting the posterior ligaments. Five conditions of instrumentation were tested, as follows: Step A, 4-level fixation plus cross-link; Step B, 2-level fixation; Step C, 2-level fixation plus cross-link; Step D, 2-level fixation plus screws at fracture site (index); and Step E, 2-level fixation plus index screws plus cross-link.

Results
Long-segment fixation restricted 2-level range of motion (ROM) during extension and lateral bending significantly better than the most rigid short-segment construct. Adding index screws in short-segment constructs significantly reduced ROM during flexion, lateral bending, and axial rotation (p < 0.03). A cross-link reduced axial rotation ROM (p = 0.001), not affecting other loading directions (p > 0.4).

Conclusions
Thoracic short-segment fixation provides significantly less stability than long-segment fixation for the injury studied. Adding a cross-link to short fixation improved stability only during axial rotation. Adding a screw at the fracture site improved short-segment stability by an average of 25%.
Petroclival meningiomas: study on outcomes, complications and recurrence rates
Authors: Nanda Anil , Javalkar Vijayakumar , Banerjee Anirban Deep 
Published: December 2010

Object
Petroclival meningiomas are notoriously difficult lesions to manage surgically, given the critical neurovascular structures that are intimately associated with the tumors. In this paper, the authors' aim was to review their series of patients with petroclival meningiomas who underwent surgical treatment; emphasis was placed on evaluating modes of presentation, postoperative neurological outcome, complications, and recurrence rates.

Methods
Fifty patients underwent surgical treatment for petroclival meningiomas. The majority of the patients were women (72%). The authors retrospectively reviewed the patients' medical records, imaging studies, and pathology reports to analyze presentation, surgical approach, neurological outcomes, complications, and recurrence rates.

Results
Headache was the most common presentation (58%). The most commonly used approach was the transpetrous approach (in 16 patients), followed by the orbitozygomatic approach (in 13). Gross-total resection was performed in 14 patients (28%), and in the remaining patients there was residual tumor (72%). Eighteen patients with tumor remnants were treated with Gamma Knife surgery. New postoperative cranial neuropathies were noted in 22 patients (44%). The most common cranial nerve (CN) deficit following surgery was CN III dysfunction (in 11 patients) and facial weakness (in 10). In 9 patients, the CN dysfunction was transient (41%), and 7 patients had permanent dysfunction (32%). Eight patients developed hydrocephalus and all required placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. A CSF leak was noted in only 2 patients (4%), and wound dehiscence was noted in 1. The CSF leaks and the wound dehiscence occurred in patients who were undergoing reoperations. Adequate radiographic follow-up (minimum 6 months) was available for 31 patients (62%). The mean follow-up was 22.1 months. In 6 patients, tumor progression or recurrences were noted. The median time to recurrence was 84 months. At the time of discharge from the hospital, 92% of the patients had good outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale Scores 4 and 5). Three patients died of causes not directly related to the surgery.

Conclusions
Petroclival meningiomas still pose a formidable challenge to neurosurgeons. In their series, the authors used multiple skull base approaches and careful microneurosurgical technique to achieve a good functional outcome (Glasgow Otcome Scale Score 4 or 5) in 92% of patients, although the extent of gross-total resection was only 28%. The authors' primary surgical goal was to achieve maximal tumor resection while maintaining or improving neurological function. The authors favor the treatment of residual tumor or recurrent tumor with stereotactic radiosurgery.
Analysis of prevertebral soft-tissue swelling and dysphagia in multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2 in patients at risk for pseudarthrosis
Authors: Stachniak Joseph B. , Diebner Jeffrey D. , Brunk Estee S. , Speed Shelley M. 
Published: December 2010

Object
The goal of this study was to demonstrate the incidence of fusion and soft-tissue swelling in multilevel anterior cervical discectomies and fusions (ACDFs) using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) spacers with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2 (rhBMP-2) impregnated in a Type I collagen sponge and titanium plates.

Methods
A single surgeon performed 30 multilevel ACDFs using PEEK spacers with an rhBMP-2 impregnated collagen sponge (0.4 ml, or the equivalent of 0.6 mg rhBMP-2). Soft-tissue swelling was assessed using cervical spine radiographs on postoperative Day 1 and at 2, 6, and 10 weeks and 6 months after surgery. Incidence of dysphagia was assessed with the Cervical Spine Research Society Swallowing–Quality of Life tool. Clinical success was evaluated with the Neck Disability Index, neck pain scores, and arm pain scores. Final fusion was assessed with CT by an independent neuroradiologist.

Results
Patients were followed for 6 months unless they had an incomplete fusion; those patients were reassessed at 9 months. Twenty-four patients underwent 2-level ACDFs and 6 underwent 3-level ACDFs were performed on patients with the following risk factors for pseudarthrosis: smoking (33%), diabetes (13%), and obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 [43%]). Seventeen percent of the patients had multiple risk factors. Soft-tissue swelling peaked at 2 weeks regardless of level of surgery or number of levels treated surgically and decreased to near preoperative levels by 6 months. At 2 weeks, Swallowing–Quality of Life evaluation showed 19% of patients frequently choking on food, 4.8% frequently choking when drinking, and 47.6% with frequent food sticking in the throat. Scores continued to improve, and at 6 months, 0% had frequent choking on food, 6.7% had frequent difficulty drinking, and 6.7% had frequent food sticking in the throat. The Neck Disability Index, neck pain, and arm pain scores all improved progressively over 6 months. Incidence of fusion was 95% at 6 months and 100% at 9 months. There were no rehospitalizations or reoperations for soft-tissue swelling or dysphagia.

Conclusions
Multilevel ACDF procedures using PEEK grafts and rhBMP-2 can be performed safely in patients with multiple risk factors for pseudarthrosis with excellent fusion outcomes.
Total en bloc spondylectomy for spinal metastases in thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Demura Satoru , Kawahara Norio , Murakami Hideki , Abdel-Wanis Mohamed E. , Kato Satoshi , Yoshioka Katsuhito , Tomita Katsuro , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2010

Object
Thyroid carcinoma generally has a favorable prognosis, and patients rarely present with distant metastases. Authors of several studies have proposed piecemeal resection for spinal metastases in thyroid carcinoma; however, few have analyzed the impact of local curative surgery such as total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) for thyroid carcinoma. The purposes of the present study are to determine the strategy of surgical treatment for spinal metastases of thyroid carcinoma and to evaluate the surgical results of and the prognosis associated with TES.

Methods
Twenty-four cases of spinal metastases were retrospectively reviewed. The patients included 16 women and 8 men, with a mean age of 60.7 years. Histological examination showed follicular carcinoma in 15 cases, papillary carcinoma in 8, and medullary carcinoma in 1. Total en bloc spondylectomy was performed in 10 cases; debulking surgery, such as piecemeal excision or eggshell curettage, was performed in 14. The average follow-up time was 55 months (12–180 months).

Results
Four patients had no evidence of disease, 8 were alive with the disease, and 12 had died of the disease. The overall survival rate from the time of surgery was 74% at 5 years. Patients with visceral metastases had a significant, higher risk of death. The survival rate of patients following TES was 90% at 5 years, which was higher than the rate in patients who underwent debulking surgery (63%). However, no significant difference was observed between the 2 types of surgery. There was a local recurrence after debulking surgery in 8 (57%) of 14 cases. Because of the recurrences, reoperation was required after a mean of 41 months. In contrast, there was a local recurrence after TES in only 1 (10%) of 10 cases. The difference between debulking surgery and TES regarding local recurrence was statistically significant.

Conclusions
Total en bloc spondylectomy with enough of a margin provided favorable local control of spinal metastases of thyroid carcinoma during a patient's lifetime.
Correlation of matrix metalloproteinases–1 and –3 with patient age and grade of lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Zigouris Andreas , Batistatou Anna , Alexiou George A. , Pachatouridis Dimitrios , Mihos Evaggelos , Drosos Dimitrios , Fotakopoulos George , Doukas Michail , Voulgaris Spyridon , Kyritsis Athanasios P. 
Published: December 2010

Object
The authors studied the histological alterations and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)–1 and MMP-3 in disc specimens of patients who had undergone operations for lumbar disc herniation.

Methods
Forty-three lumbar disc specimens were evaluated histopathologically for degenerative changes and immunohistochemical expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3. The observed degenerative changes provided a degenerative score that was applied in each patient. Sections of disc immunostained for MMP-1 and MMP-3 were evaluated semiquantitatively. Patients were categorized in 3 age groups: < 30 years, between 30 and 60 years, and > 60 years of age. The expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were correlated to patient's age, degenerative score, and grade of lumbar disc herniation.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference in the degenerative score between the age groups. Degenerative changes were more pronounced in greater grades of herniation (p < 0.0001). In the group of patients < 30 years of age there was a significant correlation between MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression and both degenerative score and herniation grade. For the group of patients 30–60 years of age, there was no significant difference between MMP-1 expression and degenerative score, but the correlation between MMP-1 expression and grade of herniation was significant. There was a significant correlation between MMP-3 expression and both degenerative score and herniation grade. Regarding the patients > 60 years of age, there was a significant correlation between MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression and both degenerative score and herniation grade. There was a significantly lower expression of both MMP-1 and MMP-3 in the group < 30 years of age compared with the other ages. No significant correlation was found in MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression between the groups of patients who were 30–60 and > 60 years of age. Interestingly, in age groups > 30 years, there were no statistically significant differences between the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3, whereas in patients < 30 years of age the expression of MMP-3 was significantly lower than the expression of MMP-1.

Conclusions
The expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were strongly correlated to the age of the patients and the grade of herniation. An important finding in this study is the differential expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 between the age groups. In the young age group it appears that deregulation of MMP-1 expression is higher than that of MMP-3 in the pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation.
Does vertebral level of pedicle subtraction osteotomy correlate with degree of spinopelvic parameter correction?
Authors: Lafage Virginie , Schwab Frank , Vira Shaleen , Hart Robert , Burton Douglas , Smith Justin S. , Boachie-Adjei Oheneba , Shelokov Alexis , Hostin Richard , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Gupta Munish , Akbarnia Behrooz A. , Bess Shay , Farcy Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2010

Object
Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is a spinal realignment technique that may be used to correct sagittal spinal imbalance. Theoretically, the level and degree of resection via a PSO should impact the degree of sagittal plane correction in the setting of deformity. However, the quantitative effect of PSO level and focal angular change on postoperative spinopelvic parameters has not been well described. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the level/degree of PSO and changes in global sagittal balance and spinopelvic parameters.

Methods
In this multicenter retrospective study, 70 patients (54 women and 16 men) underwent lumbar PSO surgery for spinal imbalance. Preoperative and postoperative free-standing sagittal radiographs were obtained and analyzed by regional curves (lumbar, thoracic, and thoracolumbar), pelvic parameters (pelvic incidence and pelvic tilt [PT]) and global balance (sagittal vertical axis [SVA] and T-1 spinopelvic inclination). Correlations between PSO parameters (level and degree of change in angle between the 2 adjacent vertebrae) and spinopelvic measurements were analyzed.

Results
Pedicle subtraction osteotomy distribution by level and degree of correction was as follows: L-1 (6 patients, 24°), L-2 (15 patients, 24°), L-3 (29 patients, 25°), and L-4 (20 patients, 22°). There was no significant difference in the focal correction achieved by PSO by level. All patients demonstrated changes in preoperative to postoperative parameters including increased lumbar lordosis (from 20° to 49°, p < 0.001), increased thoracic kyphosis (from 30° to 38°, p < 0.001), decreased SVA and T-1 spinopelvic inclination (from 122 to 34 mm, p < 0.001 and from +3° to −4°, p < 0.001, respectively), and decreased PT (from 31° to 23°, p < 0.001). More caudal PSO was correlated with greater PT reduction (r = −0.410, p < 0.05). No correlation was found between SVA correction and PSO location. The PSO degree was correlated with change in thoracic kyphosis (r = −0.474, p < 0.001), lumbar lordosis (r = 0.667, p < 0.001), sacral slope (r = 0.426, p < 0.001), and PT (r = −0.358, p < 0.005).

Conclusions
The degree of PSO resection correlates more with spinopelvic parameters (lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, PT, and sacral slope) than PSO level. More importantly, PSO level impacts postoperative PT correction but not SVA.
Enslaved Phase-Separation Fronts and Liesegang Pattern Formation
Authors: Foard E. M. , Wagner A. J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe show that an enslaved phase-separation front moving with diffusive speeds can leave alternating domains of increasing size in their wake. We find the size and spacing of these domains is identical to Liesegang patterns. For equal composition of the components we are able to predict the exact form of the pattern analytically. To our knowledge this is the first fully analytical derivation of the Liesegang laws. We also show that there is a critical value for C below which only two domains are formed. Our analytical predictions are verified by numerical simulations using a lattice Boltzmann method.
The inverse problem in granulation modeling—Two different statistical approaches
Authors: Braumann Andreas , Man Peter L. W. , Kraft Markus 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article is concerned with parameter estimation for a multidimensional population balance model for granulation. Experimental results were obtained by running a laboratory mixer with sodium carbonate and aqueous polyethylene glycol solutions. Subsequently, a prescan of suitable parameter combinations utilising the experimental results is performed, and a local surrogate model constructed around the best combination. For the actual estimation of the parameters and their uncertainties two different approaches are applied—a projection method and a Bayesian approach. It is found that the model predictions with the parameters obtained through both methods are similar. Furthermore, the uncertainties in the model predictions increase as the experimental uncertainties are increased. Studies of the marginal densities of two‐parameter combinations obtained through the Bayesian approach show a correlation between the collision and breakage rate constant, giving potential hints for further model development. Furthermore, a bimodal distribution of the compaction rate constant is observed. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Reversible infantile respiratory chain deficiency: A clinical and molecular study
Authors: Mimaki Masakazu , Hatakeyama Hideyuki , Komaki Hirofumi , Yokoyama Mina , Arai Hidee , Kirino Yohei , Suzuki Tsutomu , Nishino Ichizo , Nonaka Ikuya , Goto Yu‐ichi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the clinical features and clarify the pathogenicity of “benign cytochrome c oxidase deficiency myopathy.”MethodsThe study included 8 patients with the phenotype of this disease. Six patients underwent muscle biopsies and all the 8 underwent mitochondrial DNA analyses. To confirm the pathogenicity of the detected mitochondrial DNA mutation, we performed northern blot analysis, using muscle specimens, and blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and respiratory chain enzyme activity assay of transmitochondrial cell lines (cybrids).ResultsClinical symptoms were limited to skeletal muscle and improved spontaneously in all cases; however, 2 siblings had basal ganglia lesions. In all patients, we identified a homoplasmic m.14674T>C or m.14674T>G mitochondrial transfer RNA‐glutamate mutation. Northern blot analysis revealed decreased levels of mitochondrial transfer RNA‐glutamate molecules. Muscle specimens and cybrids derived from patients showed decreased activity of respiratory complexes IV, and/or I, III; however, this was normal in naive myoblasts.InterpretationIdentification of a novel m.14674T>G mutation in addition to m.14674T>C indicated the importance of this site for disease causation. Analyses of cybrids revealed the pathogenicity of m.14674T>C mutation, which resulted in defects of cytochrome c oxidase and multiple respiratory chain enzymes. Furthermore, patients with basal ganglia lesions provided new insights into this disease, in which only skeletal muscle was thought to be affected. Normal respiratory chain enzyme activities in naive myoblasts suggested the compensatory influence of nuclear factors, which may be a clue to understanding the mechanisms of spontaneous recovery and low penetrance in families carrying the mutation. ANN NEUROL 2010
Dysexecutive syndrome: Diagnostic criteria and validation study
Authors: Godefroy Olivier , Azouvi Philippe , Robert Philippe , Roussel Martine , LeGall Didier , Meulemans Thierry ,   Behalf of the Groupe de Réflexion sur l'Evaluation des Fonctions Exécutives Study Group
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveDisorders of executive functions are among the most frequent cognitive deficits, but they remain poorly defined and are subject to heterogeneous assessment. To address this major issue, the Groupe de Réflexion sur l'Evaluation des Fonctions Exécutives (GREFEX) group has proposed criteria for behavioral and cognitive dysexecutive syndromes and has designed a battery including a specific heteroquestionnaire and 7 cognitive tests. We investigated the frequency of behavioral and cognitive dysexecutive disorders in patients suffering from various diseases and the association of these disorders with loss of autonomy.MethodsA total of 461 patients aged between 16 and 90 years with severe traumatic brain injury, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson disease were recruited into this prospective cohort study by 21 centers between September 2003 and June 2006. Behavioral and cognitive dysexecutive disorders were examined using the GREFEX battery.ResultsA dysexecutive syndrome was observed in 60% of patients, concerning both behavioral and cognitive domains in 26% and dissociated in 34%. All behavioral and cognitive dysexecutive disorders discriminated (p = 0.001, all) patients from controls. The pattern of cognitive syndrome differed (p = 0.0001) according to the disease. Finally, behavioral (odds ratio [OR], 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2. 3–9.1; p = 0.0001) and cognitive (OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.7–6.6; p = 0.001) dysexecutive syndromes and Mini Mental State Examination score (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68–0.91; p = 0.002) were independent predictors of loss of autonomy.InterpretationThis study provided criteria of dysexecutive syndrome and showed that both behavioral and cognitive syndromes contribute to loss of autonomy. Profiles vary across patients and diseases, and therefore systematic assessment of behavioral and cognitive disorders in reference to diagnostic criteria is needed. ANN NEUROL 2010
ChemInform Abstract: Ru9Zn7Sb8: A Structure with a 2 x 2 x 2 Supercell of the Half‐Heusler Phase.
Authors: Xiong Ding‐Bang , Zhao Yufeng , Okamoto Norihiko L. , Pietzonka Clemens , Waki Takeshi , Inui Haruyuki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe title compound is prepared from the elements (1173 K, 4 d) and characterized by single crystal XRD, Moessbauer spectroscopy, electrical resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements, and by LMTO calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: A Primitive Tetragonal Intermediate in the Orthorhombic—Cubic Phase Transition of Perovskite‐Type Strontium Niobate Sr0.92NbO3.
Authors: Macquart Rene B. , Kennedy Brendan J. , Avdeev Maxim 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe crystal structure of Sr0.92NbO3 is determined by powder neutron diffraction.
ChemInform Abstract: The anti‐Perovskite Type Hydride InPd3H0.89.
Authors: Kohlmann H. , Skripov A. V. , Soloninin A. V. , Udovic T. J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe crystal structure of InPd3D0.89 and the location of deuterium atoms is characterized by powder neutron diffraction.
ChemInform Abstract: A New BaB2Si2O8:Eu2+/Eu3+, Tb3+ Phosphor — Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties.
Authors: Saradhi M. P. , Boudin S. , Varadaraju U. V. , Raveau B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe undoped and Eu3+ doped title compounds are synthesized by solid state reaction of BaCO3, SiO2, H3BO3, Eu2O3, and Tb4O7 (Pt crucible, 850 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Binary Boron‐Rich Borides of Magnesium: Single‐Crystal Investigations and Properties of MgB7 and the New Boride Mg≈5B44.
Authors: Pediaditakis Alexis , Schroeder Melanie , Sagawe Vanessa , Ludwig Thilo , Hillebrecht Harald 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDark red single crystals of MgB7 are obtained from a Cu/Mg/B melt (3:1:0.75; BN crucible in a sealed Ta tube, 1600 °C, 40 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Behavior of Sr3B2SiO8 Borosilicate.
Authors: Krzhizhanovskaya M. G. , Bubnova R. S. , Krivovichev S. V. , Belousova O. L. , Filatov S. K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compound are prepared by solid state reaction of SiO2, H3BO3, and SrCO3 (Pt crucible, 1200 °C, 3 h).