bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sodium nitroprusside on growth and terpenoid indole alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures
Authors: Li Mai , Peebles Christie A. M. , Shanks Jacqueline V. , San Ka‐Yiu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is known as a signaling molecule involved in elicitor‐induced defense responses of plants. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of NO, stimulates catharanthine formation in Catharanthus roseus cells.1 Two important terpenoid indole alkaloids produced in small quantities within C. roseus are vinblastine and vincristine which are being used clinically as anticancer drugs. We are interested in engineering C. roseus hairy roots to increase the production of the TIAs. The present work investigates the effects of treating different concentrations of SNP to the hairy root cultures from line LBE‐6‐1. The alkaloid concentrations were analyzed 9, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, and 30 days after treatment of SNP on day 0. We also studied the transient effects of SNP treatment during the exponential phase in C. roseus hairy roots. Analysis of the results showed that treatment of 0.1‐mM SNP did not affect the growth of hairy roots, whereas 1‐mM SNP suppressed the growth significantly, and 10‐mM SNP almost completely inhibited the growth of hairy roots. 0.1‐mM SNP treatment on day 0 caused a significant increase in the concentration of serpentine, catharanthine, ajmalicine, lochnericine and tabersonine production. SNP treatment on day 12 stimulated the formation of serpentine, catharanthine, ajmalicine, hörhammericine, lochnericine and tabersonine by day 21. After the initial stimulation, serpentine, horhammericine and lochnericine concentrations returned to the basal level by day 28. Treatment of 0.1‐mM SNP on day 0 caused significant decrease in the mRNA levels for TDC, ASA, STR, ORCA3, ZCT1, and Crgbf1 on day 23. Treating 0.1‐mM SNP on day 12 caused decreases in the expression levels of STR, ORCA3, ZCT1, and Crgbf1 on day 21 and day 28. Compared with day 28, the mRNA transcript of ZCT1 on day 21 is about twofold higher. Expression levels of G10H increased significantly. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Recent firsts in cadaveric impact biomechanics research
Authors: King Albert I. , Yang King H. , Hardy Warren N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHigh‐speed biplane x‐ray and neutral density targets were used to examine brain displacement and deformation, as well as aortic motion and deformation within the mediastinum, during impact. Thirty‐five impacts using eight human cadaver head and neck specimens and eight impacts of the intact cadaver thorax are summarized. During impact, local brain tissue tends to keep its position and shape with respect to the inertial frame, resulting in relative motion between the brain and skull and deformation of the brain. The local brain motions tend to follow looping patterns. Similar patterns are observed for impact in different planes, with some degree of posterior–anterior and right–left symmetry. Clinically relevant damage to the aorta was observed in seven of the thorax tests. The presence of atherosclerosis was demonstrated to promote tearing. The isthmus of the aorta moved dorsocranially during frontal impact and submarining loading modes. The aortic isthmus moved medially and anteriorly during impact to the left side. Clin. Anat. 24:294–308, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human surrogates for injury biomechanics research
Authors: Crandall J.R. , Bose D. , Forman J. , Untaroiu C.D. , Arregui‐Dalmases C. , Shaw C.G. , Kerrigan J.R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article reviews the attributes of the human surrogates most commonly used in injury biomechanics research. In particular, the merits of human cadavers, human volunteers, animals, dummies, and computational models are assessed relative to their ability to characterize the living human response and injury in an impact environment. Although data obtained from these surrogates have enabled biomechanical engineers and designers to develop effective injury countermeasures for occupants and pedestrians involved in crashes, the magnitude of the traffic safety problem necessitates expanded efforts in research and development. This article makes the case that while there are limitations and challenges associated with any particular surrogate, each provides a critical and necessary component in the continued quest to reduce crash‐related injuries and fatalities. Clin. Anat. 24:362–371, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cadaver use at the University of Tennessee's Anthropological Research Facility
Authors: Shirley Natalie R. , Wilson Rebecca J. , Jantz Lee Meadows 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Anthropological Research Facility allows actualistic studies evaluating human decomposition to be conducted in a controlled, scientific setting. These studies have had significant ramifications for forensic investigations. Donated cadavers are used to study the precise nature and timing of decomposition events. More than 1,000 bodies have been donated, and more than 2,000 individuals are registered for donation on their death. Initial studies using cadavers focused on gross morphological changes of human decomposition, while more recent research has delved into biochemical analyses. This research has contributed to the accuracy of time since death estimations, which may be critical in criminal investigations. Furthermore, the donated cadavers contribute to the unprecedented diversity of the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection, which allows for a wide range of skeletal‐based research. The continuous supply of human cadavers is essential for these research endeavors, and the Forensic Anthropology Center strives to ensure that donor wishes are fulfilled and to assure donors that their invaluable gift will serve the scientific community for years to come. Clin. Anat. 24:372–380, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship between lower neck shear force and facet joint kinematics during automotive rear impacts
Authors: Stemper Brian D. , Yoganandan Narayan , Pintar Frank A. , Maiman Dennis J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA primary goal of biomechanical safety research is the definition of localized injury thresholds in terms of quantities that are repeatable and easily measureable during experimentation. Recent biomechanical experimentation using human cadavers has highlighted the role of lower cervical facet joints in the injury mechanism resulting from low‐speed automotive rear impacts. The present study was conducted to correlate lower neck forces and moments with facet joint motions during simulated rear impacts in an effort to define facet joint injury tolerance thresholds that can be used to assess automobile safety. Four male and four female intact head–neck complexes were obtained from cadaveric specimens and subjected to simulated automotive rear impacts using a pendulum‐minisled device. Cervical spine segmental angulations and localized facet joint kinematics were correlated to shear and axial forces, and bending moments at the cervico‐thoracic junction using linear regression. R2 coefficients indicated that spinal kinematics correlated well with lower neck shear force and bending moment. Correlation slope was steeper in female specimens, indicating greater facet joint motions for a given loading magnitude. This study demonstrated that lower neck loads can be used to predict lower cervical facet joint kinematics during automotive rear impacts. Higher correlation slope in female specimens corresponds to higher injury susceptibility in that population. Although lower neck shear force and bending moment demonstrated adequate correlation with lower cervical facet joint motions, shear force is likely the better predictor due to similarity in the timing of peak magnitudes with regard to maximum facet joint motions. Clin. Anat. 24:319–326, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome‐wide analysis of gene expression in dendritic cells from rat regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Xu Cunshuan , Chen Xiaoguang , Chang Cuifang , Wang Gaiping , Wang Wenbo , Zhang Lianxing , Zhu Qiushi , Wang Lei 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in orchestrating immune response occurring in liver regeneration (LR). However, there are few details about relationship between DCs and LR at the molecular level. In this study, we firstly obtained high‐purity DCs by the combination of Percoll density gradient centrifugation and immunomagentic bead sorting, then measured genome‐wide gene expression in DCs from rat regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy (PH) using rat genome 230 2·0 microarray composed of 25 020 genes, and verified the reliability of microarray data with RT‐PCR method. Among 25 020 genes present on the array, 1621 known genes and 1307 unknown genes, totally 2928 genes, were identified to be LR‐related. H‐clustering analysis showed that 2928 genes were grouped into three expression patterns: up‐regulation, down‐regulation and complex changes in expression. And 1621 known genes were functionally grouped into at least 23 biological categories. When expression patterns were combined with gene functions, as a whole, the genes involved in immune/defence response, inflammatory response and secretion of active substance in DCs were highly enriched in down‐regulated pattern. DCs exhibited the reduced immune/defence and inflammatory response, and the suppressed secretion capacity of active substances after PH. A further analysis of genes expressed in the phase‐dependent manner during LR suggested the rapid induction of genes encoding some transcription factors and cytokines in DCs at immediate‐early phase, the unobvious enhancement of metabolic process, immunity and inflammation at proliferation phase, while the impairment of detoxification, immunity and inflammation at terminal phase. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetic Model of Gas‐Liquid‐Liquid Reactive Extraction for Production of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Lu S. , Wang L. , Wang Y. , Mi Z. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe kinetic aspects of the gas‐liquid‐liquid reactive extraction process for the production of hydrogen peroxide were investigated in a batch reactor. It was observed that the gas‐liquid reaction rate is strongly affected by mass transfer of oxygen across the liquid film and the reaction can be simplified to pseudo‐first order. The extraction rate is governed by both reaction and liquid‐liquid mass transfer, and is slightly lower than the reaction rate. In addition, a kinetic model of the reactive extraction process for the production of hydrogen peroxide was developed. Kinetic parameters under different conditions were determined by experiments. The data calculated from the kinetic model match experimental data well under different conditions for hydrogen peroxide production in gas‐liquid‐liquid reactive extraction.
Optimization of Methanol Yield from a Lurgi Reactor
Authors: Chen L. , Jiang Q. , Song Z. , Posarac D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMethanol is an important chemical with the potential to become an alternative fuel. An optimization study was performed for a Lurgi methanol synthesis reactor using the commercial process simulator Aspen Plus. The optimization routine is coupled with a steady‐state model of the methanol synthesis reactor. Syngas inlet temperature, steam drum pressure, and cooling water volumetric flow rate were optimized so that methanol production in the reactor outlet was maximized. The methanol yield increased by 7.04 %.
Tandem Insertion of Halocarbenoids and Lithium Acetylides into Zirconacycles: A Novel Rearrangement to Zirconium Alkenylidenates by β‐Addition to an Alkynyl Zirconocene
Authors: Stec Jozef , Thomas Emma , Dixon Sally , Whitby Richard J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTandem insertion of 1,1‐dihalo‐1‐lithio species (halocarbenoids) and lithium alkynides into zirconacyclopentenes and zirconcyclopentanes affords carbocyclic products in high yields via an unusual rearrangement that probably involves addition of an organolithium species to the β‐position of a zirconium–alkyne complex to give an alkenylidene–zirconate species. A wide variety of cyclopentanoid organic structures are rapidly assembled in good yield using this multicomponent coupling. The main side reaction, which becomes exclusive in some cases, is β‐hydride elimination of an intermediate cyclopentyl‐ or cyclopentenyl zirconocene.
The Synthesis and Properties of Free‐Base [14]Triphyrin(2.1.1) Compounds and the Formation of Subporphyrinoid Metal Complexes
Authors: Xue Zhao Li , Mack John , Lu Hua , Zhang Lei , You Xiao Zeng , Kuzuhara Daiki , Stillman Martin , Yamada Hiroko , Yamauchi Seigo , Kobayashi Nagao , Shen Zhen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of [14]triphyrin(2.1.1) compounds is described. In contrast with conventional subporphyrins, which consistently contain a central boron atom, free‐base heteroaromatic compounds can be formed. A modified Lindsey method was used to prepare a range of different [14]triphyrins(2.1.1) in yields of up to 35 % based on the reaction of diethylpyrrole (1 a) and fused pyrroles of bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene (BCOD) (2 a–e) and dihydroethanonaphthalene (4 a) with various aryl aldehydes. The concentration of BF3⋅OEt2 catalyst plays the key role in determining the yield of the [14]triphyrin(2.1.1) macrocycle relative to the conventional tetrapyrrole porphyrin product. Retro‐Diels–Alder reactions of 2 a–e and 4 a result in the formation of [14]tribenzotriphyrin (2.1.1) (3 a–e) and [14]trinaphthotriphyrin(2.1.1) (5 a). The effects of exocyclic ring annulation on the electronic structure are examined in detail based on optical spectroscopy, theoretical calculations, and electrochemical measurements. The availability of free‐base compounds enables the formation of [ReI(CO)3(triphyrin)] (6 a) and [RuII(CO)2Cl(triphyrin)] (7 a) complexes based on a modified retro‐Diels–Alder reaction. X‐ray structures are reported for 4 a and 6 a.
Cr/Ni‐Catalyzed Vinylation of Aldehydes: A Mechanistic Study on the Catalytic Roles of Nickel and Chromium
Authors: Harnying Wacharee , Kaiser André , Klein Axel , Berkessel Albrecht 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe roles of nickel and chromium catalysts in the coupling reaction of vinyl halides and aldehydes, the so‐called Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) reaction, have been studied by UV/Vis spectroscopy, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical methods. Electrochemical studies revealed that nickel plays the central role in activating the vinyl halide by reductive cleavage, to form a rapidly decomposing vinyl–Ni species. The latter can, however, be stabilized in the presence of the Cr complex. The redox behavior of the Ni complexes in the presence of vinyl halide demonstrated that the vinyl halide activation results from interaction with a one‐electron reduced nickel species [formally NiI], not necessarily with a Ni0 species. It was furthermore shown by UV/Vis spectroscopy and spectroelectrochemical methods that low‐valent nickel [Ni0] results from the interaction of the NiII catalyst with CrCl2.
Design of Sinh‐Domain filters using complementary operators
Authors: Kasimis Chrisostomos , Psychalinos Costas 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYA new systematic method for designing Sinh‐Domain filters is introduced in this paper. This is achieved by employing an appropriate set of complementary operators, in order to transpose the conventional functional block diagram representation of each linear operation to the corresponding one into the Sinh‐Domain. The proposed method offers the benefits of facilitating the design procedure of high‐order Sinh‐Domain filters and of the absence of any restriction concerning the type and/or the order of the realized filter function. As an example, a third‐order Sinh‐Domain leapfrog filter is designed by employing the proposed set of operators. Two possible realizations are given and their performance has been evaluated and compared through simulation results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interleukin 32 promotes hematopoietic progenitor expansion and attenuates bone marrow cytotoxicity
Authors: Moldenhauer Anja , Futschik Matthias , Lu Huili , Helmig Melanie , Götze Patricc , Bal Gürkan , Zenke Martin , Han Wei , Salama Abdulgabar 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe identification of soluble factors involved in stem cell renewal is a major goal in the assessment of the BM niche. We have previously shown that human endothelial cell (EC) supernatants can induce the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), especially after stimulation with IL‐1β. To identify new potential growth factors, we compared the expression profile of IL‐1β‐stimulated ECs over 4, 8 and 16 h with non‐stimulated ECs using oligonucleotide microarrays covering more than 46 000 transcripts. Most significant changes were detected after 4 h. Utilization of Gene Ontology annotation for the stimulated EC transcriptome indicated multiple upregulated genes encoding extracellular proteins with a cell–cell signaling function. Using flow cytometry, delta, colony and cobblestone assays, we assessed the proliferative capacities of 11 gene products, i.e. IL‐8, IL‐32, FGF‐18, osteoprotegerin, Gro 1–3, ENA78, GCP‐2, CCL2 and CCL20, which are not known to induce HPC expansion. Notably, IL‐32 and to a lesser degree osteoprotegerin and Gro 3 significantly induced the proliferation of HPCs. Furthermore, IL‐32 attenuated chemotherapy‐related BM cytotoxicities by increasing the number of HPCs in mice. Our findings confirm that the combination of microarrays and gene annotation helps to identify new hematopoietic growth factors.
IL‐33‐activated dendritic cells are critical for allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Besnard Anne‐Gaëlle , Togbe Dieudonnée , Guillou Noëlline , Erard François , Quesniaux Valérie , Ryffel Bernhard 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIL‐33, a new member of the IL‐1 family cytokine, is involved in Th2‐type responses in a wide range of diseases and signals through the ST2 receptor expressed on many immune cells. Since the effects of IL‐33 on DCs remain controversial, we investigated the ability of IL‐33 to modulate DC functions in vitro and in vivo. Here, we report that IL‐33 activates myeloid DCs to produce IL‐6, IL‐1b, TNF, CCL17 and to express high levels of CD40, CD80 OX40L and CCR7. Importantly, IL‐33‐activated DCs prime naive lymphocytes to produce the Th2 cytokines IL‐5 and IL‐13, but not IL‐4. In vivo, IL‐33 exposure induces DC recruitment and activation in the lung. Using an OVA‐induced allergic lung inflammation model, we demonstrate that the reduced airway inflammation in ST2‐deficient mice correlates with the failure in DC activation and migration to the draining LN. Finally, we show that adoptive transfer of IL‐33‐activated DCs exacerbates lung inflammation in a DC‐driven model of allergic airway inflammation. These data demonstrate for the first time that IL‐33 activates DCs during antigen presentation and thereby drives a Th2‐type response in allergic lung inflammation.
Reprogrammed quiescent B cells provide an effective cellular therapy against chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Calderón‐Gómez Elisabeth , Lampropoulou Vicky , Shen Ping , Neves Patricia , Roch Toralf , Stervbo Ulrik , Rutz Sascha , Kühl Anja A. , Heppner Frank L. , Loddenkemper Christoph , Anderton Stephen M. , Kanellopoulos Jean M. , Charneau Pierre , Fillatreau Simon 
Published: March 2011

AbstractActivated B cells can regulate immunity and have been envisaged as a potential cell‐based therapy for treating autoimmune diseases. However, activated human B cells can also propagate immune responses, and the effects resulting from their infusion into patients cannot be predicted. This led us to consider resting B cells, which in contrast are poorly immunogenic, as an alternative cellular platform for the suppression of unwanted immunity. Here, we report that resting B cells can be directly engineered with lentiviral vectors to express antigens in a remarkably simple, rapid, and effective way. Notably, this neither required nor induced activation of the B cells. With this approach we were able to produce reprogrammed resting B cells that inhibited antigen‐specific CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells upon adoptive transfer in mice. Furthermore, resting B cells engineered to ectopically express myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antigen protected recipient mice from severe disability and demyelination in EAE, and even induced complete remission from disease in mice lacking functional natural Tregs, which otherwise developed chronic paralysis. In conclusion, our study introduces reprogrammed quiescent B cells as a novel tool for suppressing undesirable immunity.
Alternative activation of macrophages by IL‐4 requires SHIP degradation
Authors: Weisser Shelley B. , McLarren Keith W. , Voglmaier Nicole , van Netten‐Thomas Christina J. , Antov Andrey , Flavell Richard A. , Sly Laura M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAlternatively activated macrophages are critical in host defense against parasites and are protective in inflammatory bowel disease, but contribute to pathology in asthma and solid tumors. The mechanisms underlying alternative activation of macrophages are only partially understood and little is known about their amenability to manipulation in pathophysiological conditions. Herein, we demonstrate that Src homology 2‐domain‐containing inositol‐5′‐phosphatase (SHIP)‐deficient murine macrophages are more sensitive to IL‐4‐mediated skewing to an alternatively activated phenotype. Moreover, SHIP levels are decreased in macrophages treated with IL‐4 and in murine GM‐CSF‐derived and tumor‐associated macrophages. Loss of SHIP and induction of alternatively activated macrophage markers, Ym1 and arginase I (argI), were dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) activity and argI induction was dependent on the class IA PI3Kp110δ isoform. STAT6 was required to reduce SHIP protein levels, but reduced SHIP levels did not increase STAT6 phosphorylation. STAT6 transcription was inhibited by PI3K inhibitors and enhanced when SHIP was reduced using siRNA. Importantly, reducing SHIP levels enhanced, whereas SHIP overexpression or blocking SHIP degradation reduced, IL‐4‐induced argI activity. These findings identify SHIP and the PI3K pathway as critical regulators of alternative macrophage activation and SHIP as a target for manipulation in diseases where macrophage phenotype contributes to pathology.