bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibody responses of Porphyromonas gingivalis infected gingivitis and periodontitis subjects
Authors: Gemmell E , Polak B , Reinhardt RA , Ecclestod J , Seymour GJ 
Published: August 2010

Porphyrornonas gingivalis demonstrates a strong association with adult periodontitis although some individuals with the infection do not experience attachment loss. Therefore differences in the immune response to this organism may be of importance to the outcome of the disease.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether P. gingivalis positive subjects with and without periodontal breakdown, reacted differently to P. gingivolis antigens as assessed by the pattern of serum antibody reactivity.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two highly defined groups Of subjects were chosen for this study. Both demOnstrated p gingivalis in their plaque and both had responded to P. gingivolis as shown by the presence of serum antibodies* The two groups differed only in their apparent clinical susceptibility to periodontal breakd˜wn. Western blots of P. gingivolis membrane antigens were probed with sera from the two groups to determine their reactivity to specific antigens.RESULTS: Analysis Of the immunoblots showed that there were no differences in either the total numbers of bands, Or bands recognized by the majority Of subjects in the gingivitis and adult periodontitis groups. There were however, four bands recognized by the majority of the gingivitis group and not by the majority Of the adult periodontitis group, there being a significant difference (P = 0.03) in the recognition of the 91.4‐kDa antigen band* A further five antigens Of lower molecular weight were seen by the majority of the adult periodontitis group and not by the majority of the gingivitis group. When sera were tested against purified p*gingivalis Lps, the results indicated that the five antigens seen by the majority Of the adult periodontitis group had molecular weights which were in the range exhibited by the Lps antigens. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that gingivitis and adult periodontitis subjects with P. gingivalis infection, may recognize different P. gingivalis antigens.
Effect of aluminum concentration on dental caries formation in the rat
Authors: Putt MS , Kleber CJ 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: Topically applied aluminum (AI) reduced fissure caries in rats with indigenous microflora, but neither therapeutic activity nor concentration effects have been studied in animals infected with caries‐inducing bacteria. This study investigated the effects of solutions containing various Al concentrations on formation of smooth surface and sulcal caries in cariogenically challenged rats infected with Streptococcus sobrinus.METHODS: Weanling rats, inoculated with S. sobrinus, were randomly assigned to six groups which were topically treated twice daily with water (treatment control), a NaF solution of 100 parts/106 F (positive control), or AIK(SO4)2 solutions containing 100, 1000, 2000, or 4000 parts/106 Al. Rats were fed a high‐sucrose diet and distilied water ad libitum for 10 weeks, then the molars were scored for enamel and dentin caries.RESULTS: Relative to the water control, NaF and all Al solutions significantly reduced prevalence of both smooth‐surface and fissure caries. Protection by Al solutions was greater on smooth surfaces than sulcal areas. Al treatments reduced smooth surface scores by 49–7I% and sulcal scores by 27–53%. For all comparisons the protective effect of the 100 parts/106 Al solution was less than solutions containing 1000 parts/106 Al or more. NaF and all Al solutions also significantly reduced the extent of lesion penetration into dentin.CONCLUSIONS: Topically applied AI reduced the formation and progression of both smooth surface and Sul. cal caries and showed evidence of a dose response in a rat model infected with S. sobrinus.
Transforming growth factor‐β I coated β‐tricalcium phosphate pellets stimulate healing of experimental bone defects of rat calvariae
Authors: Okuda K , Nakajima Y , Irie K , Sugimoto M , Kabasawa Y , Yoshie H , Hara K , Ozawa H 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: TGF‐β I‐coated β‐TCP pellets were grafted in experimental defects of rat calvariae to study the effects on new bone formation.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The grafted sites were evaluated by light microscopy using hematoxylin‐eosin (H‐E) staining for histology and detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and tartrate‐resistant acid phos‐phatase (TRACPase) activities to demonstrate osteo‐blastic and osteoclastic cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was performed for morphometry of newly formed bone.RESULTS: The sections showed more new bone formation in sites grafted with TGF‐β I ‐coated β‐TCP pellets (experimental sites) than those with β‐TCP pellets only (control sites). TRACPase‐positive and ALPase‐positive cells at experimental sites were more frequent than at control sites. The bone formation rate calculated by computerized CLSM pixel image analysis showed more new bone formation at the experimental sites than at control sites (3.4 ± 0.8% vs 9.3 ± 1.7% on week 2 and 11.8 ± 2.1% vs 39.8 ± 10.9% on week 4).CONCLUSION: TGF‐P β I ‐coated β‐TCP pellets promote new bone formation and may be a useful modality in synthetic bone grafting.
Cellular immunity and hypersensitivity as components of periodontal destruction
Authors: Seymour GJ , Gemmell E , KjeIdsen M , Yamazaki K , Nakajima T , Hara K 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: Cellular immunity has been implicated in periodontal destruction for over 25 years. Studies in the 1970s used lymphocyte transformation and lympho‐kine assays to establish a role for cell‐mediated mechanisms in periodontal disease. lmmunohistological studies subsequently showed that the formation of gingivitis followed a similar pattern to the formation of a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. Further functional studies suggested that a T cell/macrophage immunoregulatory imbalance may exist locally in the periodontitis lesion and that this imbalance may be antigen specific. RECENT EVIDENCE: More recently, T cell subsets have been dichotomised on the basis of their cytokine profiles. In general, Thl cells produce IL‐2 and IFN‐gamma while Th2 cells produce IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐6. The major function of Th l cells is to mediate delayed type hypersensitivity. In contrast the major function of Th2 cells is to provide B cell help.HYPOTHESIS: A model for periodontal disease has now been developed based on this functional dichotomy which provides a framework for the study of cytokine profiles in periodontal disease. Early studies in this context have demonstrated a higher proportion of IL‐4 producing cells in periodontitis tissues suggesting a role for Th2 cells in the progressive lesion. Clonal studies have shown that the selection of a particular cytokine profile is not antigen dependent and that differences may be due to the host susceptibility although this remains to be determined.CONCLUSION: These emerging data clearly establish a role for cell‐mediated mechanisms in the control of periodontal destruction and raise the possibility that in the future cytokine therapy for the treatment of periodontal disease in susceptible subjects may become a viable option.
In situ localization of cell synthesis and proliferation in periodontitis gingiva and tonsillar tissue
Authors: Takahashi K , Lappin D , Kinane DF 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: Previous work indicates that large numbers of B and T cells accumulate in the periodontal soft tissues although we know little about cellular synthetic activity and proliferation at this site. The aim of this study was to examine lymphocytic cell synthetic activity and proliferation in periodontitis gingiva and compare this to a known site of leucocyte proliferation, namely the oro‐pharyngeal tonsils.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Messenger RNA (mRNA) and 285 ribosomal RNA (285 rRNA) expressing cells in formalin‐fixed/paraffin‐embedded gingival and tonsillar tissue sections were detected by in situ hybridisation (ISH) using poly‐deoxyribothymidine and 28S probes respectively. In addition S‐phase proliferating and cycling cells were also detected by ISH with histone probes and by Ki‐67 immunohistochemistry. Ten gingival biopsy samples were obtained from adult periodontitis patients and five tonsillar biopsies from tonsillectomy patients. RESULTS: Both mRNA and 28S rRNA‐expressing cells were detected in all the samples tested. Plasma cells showed the strongest signal for the two probes and slight to moderate staining could be seen in epithelium, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. In contrast, gingival lymphocytes were either weakly stained or were unstained for these probes of synthetic activity. In tonsils, most lymphocytes in germinal centres showed moderate staining and mantol zone cells were much more weakly stained. In gingival samples, histone mRNA‐expressing and cycling (Ki‐67) cells were detected in 4/10, 10/10 cases respectively. These positive cells were mainly basal and suprabasal epithelial cells and a few mononuclear cells, whereas most germinal centre lymphocytes (B cells) were positive for this probe. The number of Ki67 positive cells was greater than histone mRNA bearing cells both in gingiva and tonsillar tissue. In contrast, mantol zone cells (mainly T cells) were sparsely stained by probes of cell proliferation.CONCLUSION: These results indicate that local proliferation of B cells does not occur in periodontitis gingiva in contrast with tonsillar tissue, although plasma cells showed strong synthetic activity in both tissues. T cells did not appear to proliferate greatly nor undergo active synthesis in either of these tissues. These findings substantiate previous hypotheses that specific leucocytes predominate in the gingival tissue through selective homing rather than by local proliferation.
Pigmented lateral periodontal cyst and other pigmented odontogenic lesions
Authors: Buchner A. , David R , Carpenter W , Leider A 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of lateral periodontal cyst (LPC) with marked melanin pigmentation in a 38‐year‐old Black male and to discuss the phenomenon of melanin pigmentation in odontogenic cysts and tumors.RESULTS: Histologically, the epithelial lining of the LPC contained an abundant amount of melanin granules throughout the entire epithelium. Ultrastructurally, epithelial cells contained mature melanosomes (stage IV melanosomes). Melanophages containing aggregates of melanosomes were identified in the connective tissue cyst wall. Perusal of the literature revealed that melanin pigmentation in odontogenic lesions is uncommon. Melanin has been reported in calcifying odontogenic cyst (18 cases), odontogenic keratocyst (8 cases), adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (3 cases), ameloblastic fibroma (3 cases), odontoma (2 cases), and amelobastic fibro‐odon‐toma, odonto‐ameloblastoma, and odontogenic fibroma (I case each).CONCLUSIONS: Almost all pigmented odontogenic lesions occurred in Blacks and Asians; they are almost non‐existent in Whites. Thus, racial pigmentation probably plays an important role in such lesions.
The frequency of fungal infection in biopsies of oral mucosal lesions
Authors: Barrett AW , Kingsmill VJ , Speight PM 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVETo determine the frequency of fungal infection in biopsies of oral mucosal lesions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histopathology reports issued between 1991–1995 inclusive were reviewed. During this period, a single section of each mucosal biopsy had been stained using the periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) technique.RESULTS: A total of 223 (4.7%) biopsies contained PAS‐positive fungi: 191 individuals were affected, 124 (64.9%) of whom were male. There was a significant (P < 0.01) positive association of fungal infection with moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia, median rhomboid glossitis and squamous papillomas. Where a subsequent biopsy was available, 21.9% dysplasias which were infected with fungi worsened in histological severity, as compared with 7.6% of dysplasias which were not infected at any stage. There was a significant negative association of fungal infection with benign fibrous overgrowths (P < 0.01), benign hyperkeratoses, lichenoid reactions and pyogenic granulomas (P < 0.05). The difference in frequency of infection between the tongue and other sites was also significantly higher (P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: There is a statistically significant association between histologically‐determined fungal infection and epithelial dysplasia, and we recommend that a PAS stain be performed whenever oral epithelial dysplasia is diagnosed, especially in male patients. On histological confirmation of dysplasia, anti‐fungal therapy should be considered in the management of these lesions.
Clinical Oral Medicine: The clinical assessment of oral dryness is a significant predictor of salivary gland hypofunction
Authors: Longman LP , McCracken CFM , Higham SM , Field EA 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: To compare subjective complaints of xerostomia and salivary gland dysfunction and a clinical assessment of oral dryness with an objective measurement of salivary gland dysfunction, in a group of UK patients attending a Dry Mouth Clinic. The aim of the study was to identify signs and symptoms that may be of predictive value for salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) in clinical practiceMETHODS: This prospective study investigated 214 patients who attended a Dry Mouth Clinic, held at Liverpool University Dental Hospital. Patients gave a history of xerostomia for a minimum of 6 months and were asked standardised questions to subjectively assess oral dysfunction. The oral mucosa was then clinically assessed for dryness and sialometry was performed. Unstimulated whole saliva flow rates (UFR) of <0.2 ml min‐1 were considered to be indicative of SGH.RESULTS: One or more symptoms of oral dysfunction were reported in 178 (83%) patients, in addition to xerostomia. The clinician diagnosed oral dryness in 105 patients. Objective evidence of SGH was found in 125 (58%) of patients. The clinicians' subjective assessment of oral dryness was indicative of a reduced UFR (P < 0.0001) and a significant predictor of an UFR 0.2 ml min 1 using logistic regression analysis (odds ratio 9.6; 95% CI 4.8 and 19.3). The mean UFR of patients who reported symptoms of oral dysfunction was significantly lower than the mean UFR of patients who reported no oral dysfunction. Using logistic and multiple regression analyses, symptoms of oral dysfunction were not found to be significant predictors of either an UFR <0.2 ml min 1 or a reduced UFR.CONCLUSIONS: The clinical assessment of oral dryness was a significant predictor of SGH, in this selected group of patients. Patients who complain of xerostomia may have additional symptoms of oral dysfunction indicative of a reduced UFR.
Periodontal Disease: Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome: analysis of HLA antigens
Authors: Nitta H , Kato H , Umeda M , Kuwata S , Ishikawa I 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare disease associated with prepubertal periodontitis. Our previous studies demonstrated that three unrelated patients with PLS showed the similar antigen‐specific immune responses to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The initiation of antigen‐specific immune responses was involved with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) on antigen‐presenting cells. The aim of this study was to examine HLA haplotypes in the three patients with PLS.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The three PLS patients, their mothers and the father of one patient participated in this study. HLA class I and class II antigens were determined serologically and DNA typing for DRB1 and DQB1 was performed using the restriction fragment length polymorphism‐polymerase chain reaction method.RESULTS: The distribution of serologic HLA haplotypes, in two of three patients, was found to be quite similar. The DNA typing revealed that DRB1*0406, DRB1*08032, DQB1*0302, DQB1*06011 genotypes were shared in the two patients. The probability of sharing these four DNA types in unrelated individuals was nearly 1:40,000 in the Japanese population.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that HLA antigen may be included as a possible host factor in the pathogenesis of PLS and that a genetically controlled immune response may account for an increased susceptibility to periodontal infection.
Dental Practice: Practices of Maryland dentists: oral cancer prevention and early detection ‐ baseline data from 1995
Authors: Horowitz AM , Drury TF , Canto MT 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: To investigate practices and opinions of general dentists in Maryland, USA, related to oral and pharyngeal cancer prevention and early detection.DESIGN AND METHODS: A pre‐tested, 34‐item questionnaire, cover letter and addressed, stamped envelope were mailed in the summer, 1995, to a simple random sample of 800 members and non‐members of the American Dental Association practicing in Maryland. A reminder postcard was sent 3 weeks after initial mailing; a second complete mailing to all non‐respondents 6 weeks after first mailing.RESULTS: Over 90% of dentists asked about patient's current use of tobacco but only 77% assessed patient's history of tobacco use and types and amounts used. Fewer (66%) asked about present use of alcohol. Ninety percent reported providing an oral cancer examination at the initial appointment for patients 40 years of age or older; only 6% provided the examination for edentulous patients and only 40% reported palpating lymph nodes of patients 80% or more of the time.CONCLUSIONS: Dentists' reporting on providing oral cancer examinations and taking appropriate health histories are disappointing. These results call for comprehensive educational interventions in terms of changes in dental curricula and as continuing education courses especially since most dentists were interested in continuing education courses on oral cancer prevention and early detection.
Effects of antibodies to glucosyltransferase on soluble and insolubilized enzymes
Authors: Wunder D , Bowen WH 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that glucosyl‐transferase enzymes (Gtfs) of Streptococcus mutans adsorbed to saliva coated hydroxyapatite (sHA) have distinct properties from the same enzymes in solution. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects on enzyme activity of polyclonal antibodies raised to Gtfs in a soluble form and bound to sHA.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antiserum was raised in six New Zealand White rabbits using the purified glucosyl‐transferase enzymes (Gtfs) of S. mutans, GtfB, GtfC, or GtfD as soluble antigens or adsorbed to hydroxyapatite (HA, insolubilized). The antisera were examined for their ability to react to these Gtfs and Gtf from Streptococcus sanguis (GtfSs) in Western blot formats as well as inhibit enzyme activity in solution and insolubilized.RESULTS: Antibodies raised against GtfB or GtfC detected all Gtf enzymes examined in Western blots; antibodies raised to GtfD reacted strongly to GtfD and GtfSs, poorly to GtfC, and was non‐reactive with GtfB. Antibodies to GtfB or GtfC inhibited activity of GtfB and GtfC in solution by 90% or more. Enzyme activity adsorbed to sHA was inhibited from 70% to 80% by the same antisera. These same antibodies possessed no specific effect on the activities of either GtfD or GtfSs. Antibodies raised to the GtfD enzyme inhibited activity of GtfD (80% to 90% inhibition) and GtfSs activity (50% to 80%) in solution. In contrast the GtfD antibodies had no effect on the activity of either GtfB or GtfC enzymes in solution. Modest inhibitory effects were noted on GtfC and GtfSs enzymes bound to sHA, but no inhibition was observed for sHA‐bound GtfB or GtfD.CONCLUSION: These data show that some antibodies effective against enzymes in solution may have significantly lesser inhibitory effects against the same enzymes insolubilized. Further, presentation of Gtf antigen immobilized to HA has only a minor influence on the production of antibodies inhibitory to Gtf activity.
Structure‐activity relationships of sialogogic heptapeptides analogous to physalaemin
Authors: Gao C , Abe K 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: The rationale behind this study was to determine in detail which amino acids in physalaemin are crucial to its sialogogue activity, with a view of synthesizing new sialogogues which might be of use in the treatment of dry mouth.METHODS: With the progressive elimination of amino acids, one by one, from the C‐ and N‐terminal regions, 126 heptapeptides were newly synthesized by the multi‐pin peptide method, for comparison with 11 naturally occurring tachykinins.RESULTS: The C‐terminal amide in position 11 was essential for salivation, but not the pyrolidine group or the N‐terminal amino acid residues in positions 1 to 4. In 18 heptapeptides in which M in position 11 (M11) was replaced by another amino acid, one by one, none caused salivation. In 18 heptapeptides, in which L10or G9was replaced, three peptides caused salivation but none had significantly increased secretory activities. In 18 hepta‐peptides in which Y8was replaced, four caused salivation but only one (I) had significantly increased secretory activity. In 18 heptapeptides in which F7was replaced, only Y caused salivation but with significantly reduced secretory activity. In contrast, in 18 heptapeptides in which K6and N5were replaced, most caused salivation and some of them had significantly increased secretory activities.CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the sequence FYGLM‐NH2conserved in the C‐terminal region of phys‐alaemin is optimal, that amides in position 11 and F7are very important for salivation, but that K6and N5can be replaced by some other amino acids, resulting in increased secretory activities.
Immediate Loading of the Maxilla with Prefabricated Interim Prosthesis Using Interactive Planning Software, and CAD/CAM Rehabilitation with Definitive Zirconia Prosthesis: 2‐Year Clinical Follow‐up
Authors: PAPASPYRIDAKOS PANOS , LAL KUNAL 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTImmediate loading in implant dentistry has provided several advantages for both patients and clinicians. Recent advances in computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology, medical imaging and rapid prototyping have added to the armamentarium of implant dentistry in terms of efficiency, accuracy and predictability. Rapid prototyping and CAD/CAM technology are used to fabricate stereolithographic surgical templates for flapless implant placement. In addition to that, this technology is also used for the fabrication of zirconia frameworks. The zirconia‐based implant restorations are gaining popularity in implant prosthodontics combining esthetic properties with strength and biocompatibility. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the steps for implant rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla with zirconia prosthesis and report the 2‐year clinical follow‐up of novel technological advances in surgical placement, provisionalization and fabrication of a definitive restoration.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEA comprehensive approach to full mouth implant rehabilitation using cutting edge technology is illustrated in a simplified manner.(J Esthet Restor Dent 22:223–234, 2010)