bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problems for Temporary Existence in Tense Logic
Authors: Sullivan Meghan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA‐theorists of time postulate a deep distinction between the present, past and future. Settling on an appropriate logic for such a view is no easy matter. ThisPhilosophy Compassarticle describes one of the most vexing formal problems facing A‐theorists. It is commonly thought that A‐theories can only be formally expressed in a tense logic: a logic with operators likeP(“it was the case that”) andF(“it will be the case that”). And it seems natural to think that we live in a world where objects come to exist and cease to exist as time passes. Indeed, this is typically a key component of the most prominent kind of A‐theory, presentism. But the temporary existence assumption cannot be upheld in any tense logic with a standard quantification theory. I will explain the problem and outline the philosophical and logical considerations that generate it. I will then consider two possible solutions to the problem – one that targets our logic of quantification and one that targets our assumptions about change. I survey the costs of each solution.
Epitope specificity of anti‐HA2 antibodies induced in humans during influenza infection
Authors: Staneková Zuzana , Mucha Vojtech , Sládková Tatiana , Blaškovičová Hana , Kostolanský František , Varečková Eva 
Published: January 2012

Please cite this paper as:Stanekováet al.(2012) Epitope specificity of anti‐HA2 antibodies induced in humans during influenza infection. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(6), 389–395.Background The conserved, fusion‐active HA2 glycopolypeptide (HA2) subunit of influenza A hemagglutinin comprises four distinct antigenic sites. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognizing three of these sites are broadly cross‐reactive and protective.Objectives This study aimed to establish whether antibodies specific to these three antigenic sites were elicited during a natural influenza infection or by vaccination of humans.Methods Forty‐five paired acute and convalescent sera from individuals with a confirmed influenza A (subtype H3) infection were examined for the presence of HA2‐specific antibodies. The fraction of antibodies specific to three particular antigenic sites (designated IIF4, FC12, and CF2 here) was investigated using competitive enzyme immunoassay.Results Increased levels of antibodies specific to an ectodomain of HA2 (EHA2: N‐terminal residues 23–185 of HA2) were detected in 73% of tested convalescent sera (33/45), while an increased level of antibodies specific to the HA2 fusion peptide (N‐terminal residues 1–38) was induced in just 15/45 individuals (33%). Competitive assays confirmed that antibodies specific to the IIF4 epitope (within HA2 residues 125–175) prevailed in 86% (13/15) over those specific to the other two epitopes during infection. However, only a negligible increase in HA2‐specific antibodies was detectable following vaccination with a current subunit vaccine.Conclusions We observed that the antigenic site localized within N‐terminal HA2 residues 125–175 was more immunogenic than that within residues 1–38 (HA2 fusion protein), although both are weak natural immunogens. We suggest that new anti‐influenza vaccines should include HA2 (or specific epitopes localized within this glycopolypeptide) to enhance their cross‐protective efficacy.
Effects of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser Perforation as Skin Pretreatment to Improve Sugar Infusion Process of Frozen Blueberries
Authors: Fujimaru Tomomi , Ling Qingyue , Morrissey Michael T. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract:  Sugar infusion is a widely used osmotic treatment for fruit preservation, but the process is inherently slow and the waxy skins of some fruits hinder mass transfer during the process. This work examined the utility of perforation by a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser as a novel skin treatment to improve the infusion process. In 2 experiments, individually quick frozen (IQF) blueberries were subjected to varying degrees of laser perforation (3 levels of perforation density × 3 levels of perforation depth), and then infused stepwise with high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) to a final °Brix of 70 using varying solution concentration increment (5, 10, 20, and 30 °Brix/d). At each concentration, increasing perforation density and depth promoted solute migration into the fruit with increased fruit weight (P < 0.05; up to 24.15%, 37.23%, 52.89%, 65.34% wt. increase at 5, 10, 20, and 30 °Brix/d compared to the controls). Laser‐treated blueberries maintained the original shape without excessive shrinkage and texture hardening due to enhanced solute incorporation, while the controls and mechanically treated samples were ruptured and wrinkled at the end of the process. Increasing solution concentrations shortened the process duration but decreased final fruit weight due to greater osmotic gradients. However, negative effects of using higher solution concentrations on final fruit weight were significantly alleviated with moderate‐to‐high doses of laser perforation (P < 0.001). Overall, the results demonstrate that laser perforation can be a viable skin pretreatment technique, offering marked improvement on final process yield, process efficiency, and product quality.Practical Application:  CO2 laser perforation as a novel skin pretreatment for sugar infusion of individually quick frozen (IQF) blueberries is presented. The technique markedly improves the product yield and quality. Although further investigation is needed, the method may potentially be used for other waxy skin fruits such as cranberries and cherries.
Molecular Response to Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure in Fish Embryos: Implications for Survival and Morphological Development
Authors: Torres Nuñez Eva , Sobrino Cristina , Neale Patrick J. , Ceinos Rosa Maria , Du ShaJun , Rotllant Josep 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUVR exposure is known to cause developmental defects in a variety of organisms including aquatic species but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this work we used zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as a model system to characterize the UVR effects on fish species. Larval viability was measured for embryos exposed to several UVR spectral treatments by using a solar simulator lamp and an array of UV cutoff filters under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Survival rate and occurrence of development abnormalities, mainly caudal (posterior) notochord bending/torsion, were seriously affected in UV‐exposed larvae reaching values of 53% and 72%, respectively, compared with non–UV‐exposed larvae after 6 days postfertilization (dpf). In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved, a matricellular glycoprotein named osteonectin and the expression of a DNA‐repair related gene, p53, were studied in relation to UVR exposure. The results indicate that osteonectin and p53 expression were increased under UVR exposure due to wavelengths shorter than 335 nm (i.e. mainly UVB) and 350 nm (i.e. short UVA and UVB), respectively. Furthermore, parallel experiments with microinjections of osteonectin‐capped RNA showed that malformations induced by osteonectin overexpression were similar to those observed after a UVR exposure. Consequently this study shows a potential role of osteonectin in morphological deformities induced by solar UV radiation in zebrafish embryos.
The PSS‐SR as a screening tool for PTSD in first‐episode psychosis patients
Authors: Sin Gwen‐Li , Abdin Edimansyah , Lee Jimmy 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim: We examined the validity of the PTSD Symptom Scale – Self‐Report (PSS‐SR) as a screening instrument for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients recovering from first‐episode psychosis.Methods: Sixty‐one patients from the Early Psychosis Intervention Programme in Singapore completed the PSS‐SR questionnaire. The Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale was administered by a blinded interviewer as the ‘gold standard’ to identify patients with PTSD. The sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to determine the screening performance of the PSS‐SR.Results: The score representing the optimal cut‐off point for the PSS‐SR was 14, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.83 and 0.71, respectively. The area under the curve was determined to be 0.82 (95% CI: 0.70–0.95).Conclusion: These data suggest that the PSS‐SR can be a useful screening instrument for PTSD in patients recovering from their first psychotic episode.
Development of key messages for adolescents on providing basic mental health first aid to peers: a Delphi consensus study
Authors: Ross Anna M. , Hart Laura M. , Jorm Anthony F. , Kelly Claire M. , Kitchener Betty A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim: Most young people fail to receive professional treatment for mental disorders; however, they do indicate a preference for sharing problems with peers. This article describes key messages about knowledge and actions to form the basis of a basic Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) course for adolescents to increase recognition of and help seeking for mental health problems by teaching the best knowledge and helping actions a young person can undertake to support a peer with a mental health problem.Methods: The Delphi method was used to achieve consensus among Australian and Canadian youth mental health experts regarding the importance of statements that describe helping actions a young person can take, and information they should have, to support a friend with a mental health problem. There were two expert panels, one consisting of 36 youth mental health consumer advocates and the other of 97 Youth MHFA instructors. Panellists rated each statement according to how appropriate it would be as a basic mental health first aid message for both a junior adolescent (12–15 years) and a senior adolescent (16–18 years).Results: Out of 98 statements, 78 were endorsed as key basic MHFA messages for junior adolescents and 81 were endorsed for senior adolescents.Conclusion: The study has identified key messages for adolescents on how they can help a peer. These messages will form the basis of the curriculum for an MHFA course for adolescents, which will aim to facilitate early recognition of and help seeking for mental health problems in adolescents.
Social functioning in early psychosis: are all the domains predicted by the same variables?
Authors: Bourdeau Geneviève , Masse Marjolaine , Lecomte Tania 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim: The study aims to determine the predictive value of negative symptoms, depression, short‐term verbal learning and gender on three areas of social functioning – social life, vocational functioning and independent living skills – in a sample of 88 individuals with early psychosis.Methods: Participants were recruited from Early Psychosis Intervention programmes and community mental health clinics in British Columbia, Canada, and completed the following measures: Client's Assessment of Strengths, Interests, and Goals, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and California Verbal Learning Task.Results: Multiple linear regressions revealed that: more negative symptoms and higher depression predicted a less active social life; more negative symptoms and poorer short‐term verbal learning ability predicted lower vocational functioning; and more negative symptoms and male gender predicted lower independent living skills.Conclusion: Results suggest that negative symptoms are predictive of all three areas of functioning but that specific variables add significant unique variance to individual areas of social functioning. Although a global social functioning score can be considered useful, greater precision can be gained by the use of domain‐specific measures.
Risk factors for mother‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis C virus: Maternal high viral load and fetal exposure in the birth canal
Authors: Murakami Jun , Nagata Ikuo , Iitsuka Toshiyuki , Okamoto Manabu , Kaji Shunsaku , Hoshika Tadataka , Matsuda Ryu , Kanzaki Susumu , Shiraki Kazuo , Suyama Akihiko , Hino Shigeo 
Published: January 2012

Aim:  Mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) is the major transmission pathway of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in children. However, its risk factors remain unsettled for introduction of putative intervention.Methods:  Pregnant women screened for HCV and MTCT in children born to antibody‐positive mothers were prospectively studied in Tottori, Japan.Results:  Among 41 856 screened women, 188 (0.45%) were HCV antibody‐positive, of whom 61% had detectable HCV RNA. While 10 of the 34 children (29%) born to high viral load (HVL: ≥6.0 × 105 IU/mL) mothers were infected, none born to RNA‐detectable but non‐HVL mothers were infected (P < 0.001). MTCT among vaginally delivered children born to HVL mothers was analyzed. Children delivered after 4 h or more of labor were more frequently infected than were those born within 4 h of labor (P = 0.019). Premature rupture of fetal membranes was significantly more common in infected children than in uninfected children (P < 0.001). Durations of membrane rupture and labor were longer in infected children than in uninfected children (P = 0.008 and P = 0.040, respectively). Elective cesarean section that eliminates these risk factors, other than HVL, significantly reduced MTCT from nine of 22 (41%) to none of nine children (0%) (P = 0.032).Conclusion:  Our data suggest that contamination of the fetus in the birth canal with infected maternal blood is a major risk factor for HCV MTCT, in addition to maternal HVL. To rationalize intervention by elective cesarean section, the natural history of infected children should be carefully evaluated.
Neoliberalization and Its Geographic Limits: Comparative Reflections from Forest Peripheries in the Global North
Authors: Hayter Roger , Barnes Trevor J. 
Published: January 2012

abstractRecently, a number of economic geography studies have emphasized that when neoliberalism is grounded in particular places, it takes on hybrid forms, a result of local contingencies that are found at those sites. This article contributes to this literature by explicating the processes by which hybridization occurs by drawing on a comparative study of neoliberalism in three contemporary forest‐based regions in the Global North: British Columbia, Canada; Tasmania, Australia; and the North Island, New Zealand. A key term for us is geographic limits, by which we mean regionally specific constellations (assemblages) of institutional and material forms that resist; hybridize; or, at junctures, even offset neoliberalism with alternative agendas. In turn, our idea of geographic limits is derived from our larger conceptual framework that integrates Anna Tsing's (2005) concept of friction with the notion of remapping and a four‐leg stakeholder model that consists of different, albeit overlapping, institutional agencies that represent the political, the industrial, the environmental, and the cultural. These institutions provide the animus for a remapping that variously implements, modifies, and occasionally counters neoliberalism.
Identification of Anti-Alpha Toxin Monoclonal Antibodies That Reduce the Severity of Staphylococcus aureus Dermonecrosis and Exhibit a Correlation between Affinity and Potency
Authors: Tkaczyk C. , Hua L. , Varkey R. , Shi Y. , Dettinger L. , Woods R. , Barnes A. , MacGill R. S. , Wilson S. , Chowdhury P. , Stover C. K. , Sellman B. R. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusalpha toxin (AT) is an important virulence determinant and may be a valid target for immunoprophylaxis against staphylococcal disease. Here we report the identification of potent inhibitory anti-AT monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) derived using B-cell hybridoma technology from VelocImmune mice engineered to produce IgG with a human variable domain. A small panel of inhibitory MAbs blocked AT-mediated lysis of rabbit red blood cells, A549 human lung epithelial cells, and THP-1 human monocytic cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Binding studies indicated that these MAbs recognize a similar epitope on AT and exhibit dissociation constants (KD) ranging from 0.50 to 15 nM. In anS. aureusdermonecrosis model, mice passively immunized with anti-AT inhibitory MAbs exhibited significant reductions of lesion size relative to mice treated with an irrelevant IgG control. Interestingly, there was a correlation between MAb affinity for a single epitope, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the AT hemolytic assay, and lesion size reduction in the dermonecrosis model. A representative high-affinity MAb, 2A3.1, was demonstrated to significantly reduce lesion size following infection with three different clinical isolates (USA300, CC30, and CC5). Taken together, these results indicate thatin vitropotency of anti-AT MAbs predictsin vivopotency in this model, supporting their continued preclinical evaluation as molecules for immunoprophylaxis against staphylococcal skin and soft tissue infections caused by diverse clinical isolates.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Virulent Strain 01-B526 of the Fish Pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida
Authors: Charette Steve J. , Brochu Francis , Boyle Brian , Filion Geneviève , Tanaka Katherine H. , Derome Nicolas 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Aeromonas salmonicida
is an important fish pathogen, mainly of salmonids. This bacterium causes a disease named furunculosis, which is particularly detrimental for the aquaculture industry. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
A. salmonicida
01-B526, a strain isolated from a brook trout that is more virulent than
A. salmonicida
reference strain A449, for which a genome sequence is available.
Genome Sequence of Edwardsiella ictaluri 93-146, a Strain Associated with a Natural Channel Catfish Outbreak of Enteric Septicemia of Catfish
Authors: Williams M. L. , Gillaspy A. F. , Dyer D. W. , Thune R. L. , Waldbieser G. C. , Schuster S. C. , Gipson J. , Zaitshik J. , Landry C. , Banes M. M. , Lawrence M. L. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Edwardsiella ictaluri
is the cause of extensive mortalities and economic losses to the channel catfish industry of the southeast United States. Here we report the complete genome of
Edwardsiella ictaluri
93-146. Whole-genome sequence analysis of
E. ictaluri
provides a tool for understanding the genomic regions specific to the species and the
Edwardsiella
genus.
Rapid Typing of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates by Use of SpectraCell RA
Authors: Willemse-Erix Diana , Bakker-Schut Tom , Slagboom-Bax Femke , Jachtenberg Jan-willem , Lemmens-den Toom Nicole , Papagiannitsis Costas C. , Kuntaman Kuntaman , Puppels Gerwin , van Belkum Alex , Severin Juliëtte A. , Goessens Wil , Maquelin Kees 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Enterobacteriaceae
are important pathogens of both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. In particular, strains with broad-spectrum beta-lactamases increasingly cause problems in health care settings. Rapid and reliable typing systems are key tools to identify transmission, so that targeted infection control measures can be taken. In this study, we evaluated the performance of Raman spectroscopic analysis (RA) for the typing of multiresistant
Escherichia coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates using the SpectraCell RA bacterial strain analyzer (River Diagnostics). Analysis of 96 unrelated isolates revealed that RA generated highly reproducible spectra and exhibited a discriminatory power that is comparable to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, adequate results were obtained for three collections of clinical isolates. RA was able to discriminate outbreak-related isolates from isolates that were not involved in an outbreak or transmission. Furthermore, it was found that the RA approach recognized clones, irrespective of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase type. It can be concluded that RA is a suitable typing technique for
E. coli
and
K. pneumoniae
isolates. Combining high reproducibility, speed, and ease-of-use, this technique may play an important role in monitoring the epidemiology of these important nosocomial species.
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients with Discordant Diagnostic Test Results
Authors: Kaltsas Anna , Simon Matt , Unruh Larissa H. , Son Crystal , Wroblewski Danielle , Musser Kimberlee A. , Sepkowitz Kent , Babady N. Esther , Kamboj Mini 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics of
Clostridium difficile
infection (CDI) in patients with discordant test results for the cytotoxin assay (CYT) and PCR assays. A retrospective study from May to August 2008 and March to May 2010 was performed. CDI was diagnosed in 128 patients. PCR increased the yield of
C. difficile
cases by 2-fold compared to that of the CYT assay. Fifty-six cases (44%) were detected by PCR only (CYT negative). Forty-nine percent of patients with non-NAP1 strains were detected by PCR only, compared to 28% of those infected with NAP1 strains (
P
< 0.05). No significant differences were found in the clinical severity of illness and outcome among patients that tested positive for CDI by both tests (CYT and PCR) compared to those that tested positive by PCR only.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as an Oncolytic Agent against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Murphy Andrea M. , Besmer Dahlia M. , Moerdyk-Schauwecker Megan , Moestl Natascha , Ornelles David A. , Mukherjee Pinku , Grdzelishvili Valery Z. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a promising oncolytic agent against a variety of cancers. However, it has never been tested in any pancreatic cancer model. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the most common and aggressive form of pancreatic cancer. In this study, the oncolytic potentials of several VSV variants were analyzed in a panel of 13 clinically relevant human PDA cell lines and compared to conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds), Sendai virus and respiratory syncytial virus. VSV variants showed oncolytic abilities superior to those of other viruses, and some cell lines that exhibited resistance to other viruses were successfully killed by VSV. However, PDA cells were highly heterogeneous in their susceptibility to virus-induced oncolysis, and several cell lines were resistant to all tested viruses. Resistant cells showed low levels of very early VSV RNA synthesis, indicating possible defects at initial stages of infection. In addition, unlike permissive PDA cell lines, most of the resistant cell lines were able to both produce and respond to interferon, suggesting that intact type I interferon responses contributed to their resistance phenotype. Four cell lines that varied in their permissiveness to VSV-ΔM51 and CRAd dl1520 were tested in mice, and the
in vivo
results closely mimicked those
in vitro
. While our results demonstrate that VSV is a promising oncolytic agent against PDA, further studies are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms of resistance of some PDAs to oncolytic virotherapy.
Functional Interferon System Is Required for Clearance of Lassa Virus
Authors: Yun Nadezhda E. , Poussard Allison L. , Seregin Alexey V. , Walker Aida G. , Smith Jennifer K. , Aronson Judith F. , Smith Jeanon N. , Soong Lynn , Paessler Slobodan 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
Lassa virus (LASV) is the causative agent of Lassa hemorrhagic fever (LF) in humans, a deadly disease endemic to West Africa that results in 5,000 to 10,000 deaths annually. Here we present results demonstrating that functional type I and type II interferon (IFN) signaling is required for efficient control of LASV dissemination and clearance.