bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Smolt Stocking Strategies on Migratory Path Selection of Adult Atlantic Salmon in the Penobscot River, Maine
Authors: Gorsky Dimitry , Trial Joan , Zydlewski Joseph , McCleave James 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Understanding the homing behavior of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar is vital to the restoration program employed on the Penobscot River, Maine. To produce significant adult returns, managers currently stock hatchery-raised smolts in specific river sections, providing smolts the opportunity to imprint on chemical signals and enabling their return to productive spawning and rearing habitat as adults. In this study, we used observational evidence from passive integrated transponder telemetry to determine whether adults returning from smolt stockings behaved in a way that suggested strong homing to smolt stocking locations. Adults returning from smolt stocking locations located in or at the mouth of the Piscataquis River were more likely to be detected as entering the Piscataquis River than were adults returning from the upper Penobscot River smolt stocking locations. In general, returning adult Atlantic salmon that had been stocked near or in tributaries as smolts chose a path more quickly than those that had been stocked in more downstream or main-stem locations. These results suggest that Atlantic salmon smolts should be stocked at specific sites with superior habitat for spawning and juvenile survival to capitalize on the strong homing tendency in adults. This technique can also be utilized to allow for natural selection and the development of localized stocks.
Survival and Growth of Walleye Fingerlings Stocked at Two Sizes in 24 Wisconsin Lakes
Authors: Kampa Jeffrey M. , Hatzenbeler Gene R. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
We compared the performance of walleye Sander vitreus fingerlings of two different sizes that were stocked into Wisconsin lakes during 2004–2007. Small fingerlings were stocked in June at a total length of 1.0–2.0 in. Large fingerlings were stocked in September at a length of 7.0–8.0 in. The study lakes ranged from 120 to 515 acres in surface area and were dispersed north and south across the state. We electrofished the entire shoreline of each study lake with a boomshocker and two dippers during the spring after stocking. The mean age-1 catch per effort (CPE) was significantly higher for large fingerlings (11.2/mi) than for small fingerlings (2.8/mi). Location in the state was not significantly related to age-1 CPE. Stocked year-classes were detected for 11 of 12 large-fingerling stocking events but only 7 of 12 small-fingerling stocking events. The total length of age-1 walleyes was not significantly related to size at stocking but varied significantly among locations. Stocking large walleye fingerlings in September at a density of 10/acre resulted in an age-1 CPE that was 4 times greater than small fingerlings stocked in June at a density of 50/acre. Large fingerling stocking also produced more consistent year-classes.
Evaluating the Effects of Forestry Herbicides on Fish Development Using Rapid Phenotypic Screens
Authors: Stehr Carla M. , Linbo Tiffany L. , Baldwin David H. , Scholz Nathaniel L. , Incardona John P. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Herbicides are used to control invasive or noxious plants on public lands throughout the western United States. These chemicals are often applied in the upper reaches of watersheds that provide spawning and rearing habitat for anadromous species of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., steelhead O. mykiss, and bull trout Salvelinus confluentus. As a consequence, natural resource managers must often weigh the ecological benefits of using herbicides to control nonnative plants against the potential for unintended toxicological impacts on salmonids, particularly during early life stages. However, the effects of chemical control agents on fish development have not been widely investigated. Their use in the vicinity of aquatic habitats, including areas that support threatened and endangered species, is therefore a concern. To address this uncertainty, we used the zebrafish Danio rerio as a model experimental system for investigating developmental toxicity, which involved conducting rapid and sensitive phenotypic screens for potential developmental defects resulting from exposure to six herbicides (picloram, clopyralid, imazapic, glyphosate, imazapyr, and triclopyr) and several technical formulations (Tordon K, Transline, Habitat, Plateau, Garlon 3A, and Renovate). Zebrafish embryos were exposed continuously through 5 d of development at nominal concentrations ranging from 3 μg/L to 10 mg/L. Detailed screens were used to examine aspects of ontogeny from early development (gastrulation and segmentation) through organogenesis, hatching, and morphology as free-swimming larvae. Growth was measured at the end of each exposure interval. To detect defects in neural development (sensorimotor integration), the escape reflex of larvae was monitored at 3, 4, and 5 d after fertilization. No developmental toxicity was observed in response to the six individual herbicides or the different technical formulations. The absence of toxicity at relatively high exposure concentrations suggests that noxious weed control activities are not likely to pose a direct threat to the health of salmonids at early life stages.
Ruffe Length–Weight Relationships with a Proposed Standard Weight Equation
Authors: Ogle Derek H. , Winfield Ian J. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus length–weight data from 141 data sets were obtained from a variety of waters across Europe and the Laurentian Great Lakes for summarization and development of standard weight (Ws) equations. The mean slopes of the length–weight relationships from all populations and for all percentiles except the 95th percentile were not different from 3.0, suggesting that ruffe growth is generally isometric. The Ws equations developed using the regression line percentile, linear empirical percentile (EmP), and Froese's methods exhibited length-related biases. The quadratic EmP Ws equations for the 75th and 50th percentiles did not exhibit length-related biases and thus can be used to compute the relative weight of ruffe. The EmP 75th percentile Ws equation was log10(Ws75) = −2.5800 + 0.6210·log10(total length, TL) + 0.6073·[log10(TL)]2, and the 50th percentile Ws equation was log10(Ws50) = −3.3524 + 1.3969·log10(TL) + 0.4054·[log10(TL)]2 when constrained to ruffe between 55 and 205 mm TL. We propose that the minimum TL for a five-cell length categorization system used to compute stock indices for ruffe be 55, 90, 120, 140, and 175 mm TL. These results provide a method for computing relative weight indices for typical (50th percentile) and above-average (75th percentile) ruffe; this method will allow comparisons of body condition across time, among habitats, among bodies of water, and among length categories.
Discrimination of the Endangered Atlantic Whitefish from Lake Whitefish and Round Whitefish by Use of External Characters
Authors: Hasselman D. J. , Edge T. A. , Bradford R. G. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The scope of phenetic variation exhibited by populations of lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in the Canadian Maritime Provinces is not known, which complicates the task of accurately identifying specimens of the endangered Atlantic whitefish C. huntsmani. We developed criteria for accurate (≥95% correct classification) species discrimination using morphological data acquired from archival and recent coregonid collections from the Maritime Provinces. We used discriminant function analyses to assess (1) the usefulness of Atlantic whitefish external typological characters in accurately identifying species, (2) the temporal stability of reportedly diagnostic characters, and (3) which morphological characters could be used to accurately identify these coregonids to species. Not all external typological characters were robust in the discrimination of recent Atlantic whitefish and lake whitefish collections. Several previously identified diagnostic characters exhibited significant temporal variation but remained robust in species discrimination. Species-specific differences for the number of lateral line scales, mouth position, and proportional pectoral fin length could be used concomitantly for accurate (≥95% correct classification) identification of coregonid species in the Canadian Maritime Provinces. Atlantic whitefish possessed a significantly (P &lt; 0.001) greater number of lateral line scales (range = 90–102; mean ± SD = 93.79 ± 2.70) than lake whitefish (range = 66–91; mean = 77.18 ± 4.21), a significantly (P &lt; 0.01) shorter pectoral fin than lake whitefish (11% and 16% of fork length, respectively), and a significantly (P &lt; 0.001) more terminal mouth than lake whitefish (ratio of upper jaw to lower jaw: mean ± SD = 0.98 ± 0.07 and 0.82 ± 0.06, respectively). These characters can also be used to distinguish between Atlantic whitefish and round whitefish Prosopium cylindraceum collected in the Maritime Provinces.
Development and Efficacy of an Electrified Benthic Trawl for Sampling Large-River Fish Assemblages
Authors: Freedman Jonathan A. , Stecko Timothy D. , Lorson Benjamin D. , Stauffer Jay R. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Sampling small benthic and lithophilic fish species in large rivers and lakes presents challenges not adequately addressed by conventional survey methods such as boat electrofishing and gill netting. The development of the Missouri trawl has helped to address these issues; however, our observations by scuba diving when using the Missouri trawl have revealed avoidance of the trawl by benthic fishes, especially in rocky substrates. Therefore, we equipped a Missouri trawl with a cathode–anode electrical array to facilitate capture by attracting and immobilizing fish. In 40 paired comparisons with a standard Missouri trawl in the upper Ohio River drainage of Pennsylvania, this electrified PSU trawl captured significantly more fish and species as well as more large fish. The PSU trawl also captured more species and more fish across habitats and rivers within the drainage. The PSU trawl is therefore a useful new device for sampling large-river benthic fish communities.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns in the Diet of Striped Bass in Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Overton Anthony S. , Margraf F. Joseph , May Eric B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe collected striped bass Morone saxatilis from 1998 to 2001 (n = 2,703) and compared the seasonal feeding patterns of four size‐groups (small [150‐300 mm total length], medium [301‐500 mm], large [501‐700 mm], and extra large [>700 mm]) among three general regions (upper, middle, and lower) in Chesapeake Bay. Invertebrates dominated the diet of small striped bass during spring in all regions, and by fall bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli became the dominant prey in the middle and lower regions. Pelagic schooling fishes were the primary prey for the larger size‐groups. For medium striped bass, bay anchovy accounted for most of the prey eaten during spring and represented more than 50% of the diet by weight in summer in the upper and lower regions. Collectively, Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus and bay anchovy accounted for more than 60% of the diet by weight in the lower region. Gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum and Atlantic menhaden were the dominant prey for medium and large fish from summer through winter in the upper region. Blue crab Callinectes sapidus accounted for 45% of the diet by weight for large striped bass during the summer in the middle and lower regions of the bay. For extra‐large striped bass, menhaden, along with bay anchovy and spot Leiostomus xanthurus, were the primary prey eaten throughout the year in all regions. Bay anchovy have become more important for extra‐large fish, representing between 16.0% and 29.0% of the diet by weight during the spring and summer. This increase represents a greater reliance by larger striped bass on small pelagic prey. It also suggests a greater ecological connection between bay anchovy and striped bass production.
Site Fidelity, Home Range, and Tidal Movements of White Perch during the Summer in Two Small Tributaries of the York River, Virginia
Authors: McGrath Patrick , Austin Herbert A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe white perch Morone americana is one of the most common species residing in the brackish tributaries of Chesapeake Bay. White perch make long‐distance movements during spring spawning events and find thermal refuge in the winter; however, little is known about their movements in the summer. This study tracked 16 white perch that were implanted with acoustic tags during the summer in two small tributaries of the York River, Virginia. Site fidelity, tidal interactions, and habitat effects were investigated with the program ArcView. If site fidelity existed, a home range and utilization distribution (frequently used locations) were calculated. Most of the tagged fish exhibited site fidelity; for those that did, home ranges averaged 0.11 km2. White perch only frequented a small portion of their home range, as depicted by utilization distributions equal to 10% or less of the home range. White perch exhibiting site fidelity displayed one of two different behavioral patterns based upon the surrounding habitat. White perch associated with a marsh habitat used two core areas of activity. The fish were located during high tide upon the flooded marsh and shallow creeks, possibly to forage, and in the relatively deep main channels during low tide, thus avoiding stranding and avian predators. In contrast, white perch associated with submerged structures had only one core area of activity, typically remaining around the one location for the duration of the tag's battery life. The relatively small home range of white perch makes this species vulnerable to local stressors and habitat degradation.
An Influence of Lowered Temperature on the Migration Activity of the Population of Rhizopertha Dominica F. (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae)
Authors: Kłyś Małgorzata 
Published: October 2009

An Influence of Lowered Temperature on the Migration Activity of the Population ofRhizopertha DominicaF. (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae)The subject of the study was the lesser grain borerRhizopertha dominicaF. — a dangerous pest of stored grain. The study was carried out in the laboratory at a temperature of 31°C, the optimal temperature for this species, and also in the temperature lowered to 22°C and 60±5% relative humidity. The main aim of the research was to investigate the migration activity ofR. dominicain lowered temperature. In addition the population dynamics, mortality and sexual ratio in a population ofR. dominicawere also analyzed. It was shown that lowering the temperature to 22°C caused an increase in the migration activity ofR. dominicain the initial phase of infesting a new habitat. A larger migration and mortality of females were observed. In addition, the population growth was slow and prolonged in time at the temperature of 22°C as compared to the optimal temperature. Lowering the temperature did not influence the mortality of theR. dominicapopulation.
Components of Quantitative Resistance to Downy Mildew (Plasmopara Halstedii) in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus)
Authors: Sakr Nachaat 
Published: October 2009

Components of Quantitative Resistance to Downy Mildew (Plasmopara Halstedii) in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus)Components of quantitative resistance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) toPlasmopara halstedii, the pathogen causing downy mildew, were investigated. Percentage infection, latent period, sporulation density and reduction of hypocotyl length were compared on two sunflower lines showing different levels of quantitative resistance in the field infected with differentP. halstediistrains of races 100, 300, 710 and 714 in controlled conditions. The inbred line BT, rather susceptible in the field, showed a higher percentage infection, a higher sporulation density, a shorter latent period and less reduced hypocotyl length than inbred line FU, which showed a greater resistance in the field. The very good resistance of inbred line FU observed in the field was confirmed by the measurements of quantitative resistance criteria described in this study. Percentage infection of FU was 1.4% less than BT, latent period of BT was 12.4% less than FU, sporulation density of FU was 22.3% less than BT and reduced hypocotyl length of BT was 15.3% less than FU. It seems that the criteria such as latent period, sporulation density and reduction of hypocotyl length may be used to measure quantitative resistance in sunflower toP. halstedii.
Response of oil and protein content to seed size in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. Sahel)
Authors: Pahlavani M. , Miri A. , Kazemi G. 
Published: October 2009

Response of oil and protein content to seed size in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. Sahel)
This study was designed to identify the response of oil and protein content to non-heritable variation of seed size in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The experiment was conducted at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences, Gorgan, Iran in 2005. The results showed that germination and emergence increased linearity with seed size and R2 of these relationships were 92 and 89%, respectively. This means that larger seed had higher potential of germination and emergence. Also, there was a strong linear relationship between seed weight and oil content. Seed weight provided a better indication of oil content (R2=0.78) than protein content (R2=0.43). There are no considerable relationship between seed size and protein content of seed. The results of this study also showed a positive and significant correlation between seed weight and oil content (r=0.88**), germination percent (r=0.95**), germination index (r=0.84*), emergence percent (r=0.94**), and emergence index (r=0.88**). This results suggest that oil content, germination and emergence of cotton seed was largely affected by size of seeds. The effects of seed size where studied here are pure effects of size and is not confounded by other effects such as genotypic factors. This finding helps cotton breeders for the genetic improvement of germination and emergence along with oil and protein content of seeds.
CT and MR Imaging of the Paranasal Sinuses in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Eggesbø Heidi B. , Ringertz S. , Haanæs O. C. , Dølvik S. , Erichsen A. , Stiris M. , Kolmannskog F. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: To compare CT and MR findings of the paranasal sinuses in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with microbiology and histopathology. Further, to compare microbiology from the maxillary sinuses, nasopharynx and sputum. Material and Methods: CT and MR imaging of the paranasal sinuses were performed in 10 CF patients. Endoscopy and maxillary sinus aspirates were obtained (guided by the MR findings) and analyzed microbiologically and histologically. Samples from the nasopharynx and sputum were analyzed microbiologically. Results: CT and MR were equal in displaying the extent of soft tissue masses, which at CT were homogeneous, while MR showed heterogeneous signals. MR images also demonstrated circumscribed areas with signal void at the STIR sequence with corresponding high to intermediate signal at the T1-weighted sequence. P. aeruginosa was frequently cultured from these areas which we named the “black hole sign”. Maxillary sinus cultures revealed the same bacteria as nasopharynx and sputum cultures combined. Conclusion: MR images were superior to CT in differentiating soft tissue masses in the paranasal sinuses in CF patients. Bacteria with potential for specialized iron uptake mechanisms were present in areas with signal void at the STIR sequence. Our hypothesis is that the MR “black hole sign” can be explained by paramagnetic properties related to bacterial agents.
Comparison of Planar and Spect Scintimammography with 99mTc-Sestamibi in the Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Danielsson R. , Boná B. , Ågren B. , Svensson L. , Aspelin P. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: To compare results of planar and SPECT breast imaging with 99mTc-MIBI in detecting primary breast cancer. Material and Methods: Twenty-six consecutive patients with 34 suspected breast lesions underwent both planar and SPECT scintimammography. Ten minutes after injection of 700 MBq 99mTc-MIBI, 2 prone lateral projections were obtained, followed by a supine anterior projection. Forty minutes after injection, a SPECT study was done. All lesions were operated upon and verified with histopathology. Results: A sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 88% of planar scintimammography in diagnosis of primary breast lesions were achieved. The corresponding values for SPECT were 61% and 64%. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of planar scintimammography was not improved by using SPECT imaging.
Internal Mammary Artery Embolization for Hemoptysis
Authors: Hashimoto M. , Heianna J. , Okane K. , Izumi J. , Watarai J. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influencing development of blood supply from the internal mammary artery and to discuss the value of embolization of the abnormal branches from this vessel using small particles following occlusion of the normal distal branches using microcoils in treating hemoptysis. Material and Methods: Five patients with hemoptysis underwent internal mammary artery embolization with coaxial microcatheter systems. Bronchoscopy, chest radiographs, and CT were performed to determine the site and extent of the basic disease before embolotherapy in all patients. Results: In all patients, pulmonary lesions had extended from the lung to the adjacent pleural surface at the anterior lung field. Four patients underwent embolization from the proximal portion of the internal mammary artery following distal coil embolization. One patient who underwent only proximal embolization had recurrent bleeding. Conclusion: The internal mammary artery contributes to the perfusion of lesions responsible for hemoptysis when the basic lesion involves the pulmonary parenchyma adjacent to the anterior pleural surface. Initial distal occlusion of the internal mammary artery may improve the efficacy of embolization of this artery for hemoptysis.
Ultrasonography of Malignant Breast Neoplasms
Authors: Skaane P. , Sauer T. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: To analyze the malignant breast neoplasms missed as tumor on ultrasonography (US). Material and Methods: A total of 355 malignant tumors were confirmed at histology among 2,985 consecutive patients who underwent breast US. There were no prospectively recorded mammographic findings in 28 of the 355 tumors. The remaining 327 tumors included 16 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) and 66 invasive carcinomas with suspicious microcalcifications on mammography. Excluding these 82 tumors because US would not have been indicated using strict criteria, a subpopulation of 245 noncalcified invasive malignant tumors remained for analysis. The neoplasms missed as tumor on US were analyzed for the whole tumor group (n=355) and the subpopulation (n=245). Results: 42 (11.8%) of the 355 malignant neoplasms were missed as tumor on US, including 6 (2.5%) of the 243 palpable and 36 (32.1%) of the 112 nonpalpable malignancies. Most of the missed tumors were DCIS and microinvasive ductal carcinomas dominated by DCIS. In the subpopulation, 14 (5.7%) of the 245 malignancies were missed as tumor on US, including 4 (2.2%) of the 180 palpable and 10 (15.4%) of the 65 nonpalpable lesions. Of the 245 malignancies, 6 (2.4%) had a normal US finding, including 2 palpable retropapillary tumors and 4 incidental findings at histology. Conclusion: Using strict criteria for performing US as an adjunct to mammography, by far the most malignant breast neoplasms are diagnosed as a tumor on US.