bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Cytotoxic Activity, and Thermal Studies of Novel N‐[(1,3‐Diphenylpyrazol‐4‐yl)methyl] α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Joksovic Milan D. , Bogdanovic Gordana , Kojic Vesna , Szecsenyi Katalin Meszaros , Leovac Vukadin M. , Jakimov Dimitar , Trifunovic Snezana , Markovic Violeta , Joksovic Ljubinka 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis solventless method combines aldehyde (I), α‐amino acids (II), and sodium hydroxide in a mortar and aggregates the dry solid mixture until a powder is formed, thus accelerating the condensation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of N‐Z/Boc‐Protected 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole‐Based Peptidomimetics Employing Peptidyl Thiosemicarbazides.
Authors: Lamani Ravi S. , Nagendra G. , Sureshbabu Vommina V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA convenient protocol is presented for the cyclization of dipeptidyl thiosemicarbazides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2‐(4‐o‐β‐D‐Glucosidoxyphenyl)‐4,5‐disubstituted Imidazoles.
Authors: Taile V. S. , Hatzade K. M. , Gaidhane P. K. , Ingle V. N. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCondensation between hydroxybenzaldehyde (I), α‐diketones (II), and ammonium acetate yields the aglycons (III) which are glucosylated by using a modified Koenig′s‐Knorr method.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Curine‐Type Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids from the Roots of Cyclea wattii with Cytotoxic Activities.
Authors: Wang Jian‐Zhong , Liu Xiao‐Yu , Wang Feng‐Peng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTwo new alkaloids, wattisines A and B, are isolated along with three known alkaloids from the roots of the title species.
ChemInform Abstract: Colorimetric and Fluorescent Anion Sensors: An Overview of Recent Developments in the Use of 1,8‐Naphthalimide‐Based Chemosensors
Authors: Duke Rebecca M. , Veale Emma B. , Pfeffer Frederick M. , Kruger Paul E. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur 
Published: December 2010

AbstractReview: ca. 150 refs.
Influence of Stress Mechanism and Intensities on Product Properties in Solid Mixing
Authors: Habermann Ralf 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBeim Feststoffmischen wird eine charakteristische spezifische Leistung in das Mischgut eingetragen. Diese kann eine Änderung der Produkteigenschaften der beteiligten Komponenten herbeiführen. Hierbei bestimmen insbesondere wirkende Beanspruchungsmechanismen und ‐intensitäten, ob die geforderte Mischaufgabe erfüllt wird und somit die gewünschten Produkteigenschaften erzeugt werden können. Wie jedoch Beanspruchungsmechanismen und ‐intensitäten mit den Produkteigenschaften gekoppelt sind, ist bislang ungeklärt.
Versuche mit Natrium. Leucht‐ und Lumineszenzerscheinungen
Authors: Schalko Werner , Schmidkunz Heinz 
Published: December 2010

AbstractViele Reaktionen des Natriums gehen mit dem Aussenden von Licht einher. Diese Leuchterscheinungen sind zum Teil bekannt, vor allem das gelbe Leuchten des brennenden Natriums, andere hingegen sind noch wenig untersucht. In dem Beitrag wird eine Lumineszenzerscheinung vorgestellt, die bisher in der Literatur noch nicht beschrieben worden ist.
How to design 13C para‐hydrogen‐induced polarization experiments for MRI applications
Authors: Reineri Francesca , Viale Alessandra , Dastrù Walter , Gobetto Roberto , Aime Silvio 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe application of hyperpolarization techniques for MRI purposes is gathering increasing attention, especially for nuclei such as 13C or 129Xe. Among the different proposed methods, ParaHydrogen Induced Polarization requires relatively cheap equipment. The setup of an MRI experiment by means of parahydrogen requires the application of skills and methodologies that derive from different fields of knowledge. The basic theory and a practical insight of this method are presented here. Parahydrogenation of alkynes, having a labelled 13CO group adjacent to the triple bond, catalyzed by Rh(I) complexes containing a chelating phosphine, represents the best choice for producing and maintaining high heteronuclear polarization effect. In order to transform anti‐phase into in‐phase (net) 13C polarization for MRI application it is necessary to set up the described magnetic field cycle procedure. In vitro and in vivo images have been acquired using fast imaging sequences (RARE and trueFISP). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Colour size effect modelling
Authors: Xiao Kaida , Luo M. Ronnier , Li Changjun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe visual phenomenon known as the colour size effect was investigated and two models were developed to predict the change in colour appearance of samples with six different sizes. The models are capable of transforming the colour appearance of a stimulus having a viewing field of 2° to that associated with a range of viewing fields. They are named the size effect correction and the size effect transform and are based on human perceptual attributes and human cone responses, respectively. The performance of both models was tested using the experimental data, and the results showed that the size effect transform performed better than the size effect correction. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012
Lighting the world's treasures: Approaches to safer museum lighting
Authors: Delgado Monica F. , Dirk Carl W. , Druzik James , WestFall Nathan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA strategy is reported to optimize lighting to reduce photochemical degradation of works of art and archival documents. The strategy revolves around improving luminous efficiency of the spectral profile to exclude light which doesn't contribute to brightness or color perception, while also trying to maintain color rendering. The work focuses on Old Master Drawings and designing filters for illuminants, but is applicable to the broad range of art and archival documents and the direct design of lighting without filters such as LED. A filter profile is identified which seems to be beneficial, or at worst neutral for all pigments measured. Underlying principles are identified: (1) The best luminous efficiencies arise from multiple band illuminants, and also improves as color rendering is sacrificed. (2) Protection of an object even late in its damage life can significantly extend its remaining life. (3) Protection of an object early in its life can possibly abate some of the light induced damage it may experience across its life, so early intervention in light protection may be advised. This report further goes on to suggest approaches to further enhance the protection, including tailoring the spectral dependence of appearance change. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
Somatic Growth and its Regulation
Authors: Clark Pamela A. , Rogol Alan D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Variations of Normal GrowthNormal Variations in InfancyConstitutional Delay of Growth and AdolescenceConstitutional Accelerated GrowthPremature AdrenarchePremature ThelarcheGynecomastiaAbnormal GrowthIntrinsic Disorders of Growth DeficiencyExtrinsic Disorders of Growth DeficiencyIntrinsic Disorders of Increased GrowthExtrinsic Disorders of Increased GrowthAssessment of GrowthGrowth StandardsStandards for Pubertal DevelopmentTerminologyMeasurement TechniquesAnthropometryBody Composition AssessmentAssessment of Biological MaturityMathematical Modeling of Growth Data and Prediction of Adult HeightMethods for Assessment of Growth in Laboratory AnimalsAssessment of the Regulation of GrowthGeneral ConsiderationsScreening ProceduresStatic Hormone LevelsSerial Growth Hormone SamplingStimulation TestingSuppression TestsSummary
Regulation of Growth Hormone Gene Expression
Authors: Cooke Nancy E. , Liebhaber Stephen A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Transcriptional ControlsGrowth Hormone Gene OrganizationActivation of Proximal Promoter Elements of the Growth Hormone Gene in SomatotropesStructure and Function of the Proximal PromoterActivation of Placentally Expressed Human Growth Hormone GenesRole of Silencer ElementsGenetic Evidence for Transcriptional Control and Developmental PathwaysPosttranscriptional ControlsAlternative Splicing of Human Growth Hormone GenesAlternative Splicing of the Bovine Growth Hormone GenemRNAStability
Growth Hormone‐Releasing Hormone: Discovery, Regulation, and Actions
Authors: Frohman Lawrence A. , Kineman Rhonda D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Historical AspectsBiological Evidence for a Hypothalamic Growth Hormone–Releasing FactorPurificationAnatomical LocalizationCentral Nervous SystemExtracranialAtypicalMolecular Biology and Chemistry of Hypothalamic Growth Hormone–Releasing HormoneGene ExpressionPeptide ProcessingGrowth Hormone–Releasing Hormone ActionsGrowth Hormone–Releasing Hormone ReceptorSignal‐Transduction PathwaysRegulation of Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone Receptor Synthesis and ActivityAdditional ActionsRegulation of Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone Synthesis and SecretionHypothalamic Negative‐Feedback Effects of Growth HormoneGlucocorticoidsGonadal SteroidsNeurotransmittersSignal‐Transduction Pathways which Lead to Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone ReleaseOntogenesis and Senescence of the Hormone‐Receptor SystemMetabolic ChangesFuture Directions
The Growth Hormone Secretory Pattern and Statural Growth
Authors: Robinson Iain C. A. F. , Hindmarsh Peter C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:How is the Growth Hormone Secretory Pattern Analyzed?General Considerations in Pulse Analysis of Growth Hormone SecretionConstruction of Data Arrays or Hormone ProfilesSampling Interval and AliasingDuration of SamplingDiscrete or Integrated SamplesAssays and NoiseBasic EvaluationStationarizationAnalysis of ProfilesTime Series AnalysisDeconvolution AnalysisBaseline OccupancyChaosNeural NetworksCharacterization of Growth Hormone Secretory PatternsOntogeny of Episodic Growth Hormone SecretionGrowth Hormone Secretory Patterns in the Prepubertal PeriodPuberty and Effects of Gonadal Steroids on the Growth Hormone Secretory PatternGrowth Hormone Secretory Patterns in AdulthoodOther Endocrine Inputs Affecting Growth Hormone Secretory PatternsExtrinsic Factors Affecting Growth Hormone PulsatilityHow Does the Growth Hormone Secretory Pattern Reflect the Episodic Nature of Hypothalamic Control Mechanisms?Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone and Somatostatin Interactions Generate Growth Hormone PulsatilityOther Growth Hormone SecretogoguesGrowth Hormone Feedback Effects on Endogenous Growth Hormone PulsatilityHow is The Growth Hormone Secretory Signal Modified in its Passage from the Pituitary to the Peripheral Target Tissues?How Are Growth Hormone Patterns Modified by Interactions with Growth Hormone Binding Proteins?How are the Temporal Elements of the Growth Hormone Signal Detected and Interpreted by the Target Tissues?Pattern‐Dependent Growth Hormone ResponsesGrowth Hormone Patterns and Insulin‐Like Growth Factor I GenerationWhat is the Significance of the Growth Hormone Secretory Pattern for Statural Growth?Animal StudiesHuman StudiesIndirect Manipulation of Growth Hormone Secretory PatternSummary
Plasmonic flow cytometry by immunolabeled nanorods
Authors: Crow Matthew J. , Marinakos Stella M. , Cook J. Michael , Chilkoti Ashutosh , Wax Adam 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFluorescence‐based flow cytometry measures multiple cellular characteristics, including levels of receptor expression, by assessing the fluorescence intensity from a population of cells whose cell surface receptors are bound by a fluorescently labeled antibody or ligand for that receptor. Functionalized noble metal nanoparticles provide a complementary method of receptor labeling based on plasmonics for population analysis by flow cytometry. The potential benefits of using plasmonic nanoparticles to label cell surface receptors in flow cytometry include scattering intensity from a single particle that is equivalent to fluorescence intensity of 105 fluorescein molecules, biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, and nonquenching optical properties. The large spectral tunability of nanorods also provides convenient access to plasmonic markers with peak surface plasmon resonances ranging from 600 to 2,200 nm, unlike gold nanosphere markers that are limited to visible wavelengths. Gold nanorod‐based plasmonic flow cytometry is demonstrated herein by comparing the scattering of cells bound to anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐conjugated nanorods to the emission of cells bound to anti‐EGFR‐conjugated fluorescent labels. EGFR‐expressing cells exhibited a statistically significant six‐fold increase in scattering when labeled with anti‐EGFR‐conjugated nanorods compared with labeling with IgG1‐conjugated nanorods. Large scattering intensities were observed despite using a 1,000‐fold lower concentration of nanorod‐conjugated antibody relative to the fluorescently labeled antibody. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Quantitative comparison of polar approach versus fitting method in time domain FLIM image analysis
Authors: Leray A. , Spriet C. , Trinel D. , Blossey R. , Usson Y. , Héliot L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe calculate here analytically the performance of the polar approach (or phasor) in terms of signal‐to‐noise ratio and F values when performing time‐domain Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) to determine the minimal number of photons necessary for FLIM measurements (which is directly related to the F value), and compare them to those obtained from a well‐known fitting strategy using the Least Square Method (LSM). The importance of the fluorescence background on the lifetime measurement precision is also investigated. We demonstrate here that the LSM does not provide the best estimator of the lifetime parameter for fluorophores exhibiting mono‐exponential intensity decays as soon as fluorescence background is superior to 5%. The polar approach enables indeed to determine more precisely the lifetime values for a limited range corresponding to usually encountered fluorescence lifetime values. These theoretical results are corroborated with Monte Carlo simulations. We finally demonstrate experimentally that the polar approach allows distinguishing in living cells two fluorophores undetectable with usual time‐domain LSM fitting software. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Flächige Abdichtung erdberührter Bauteile mittels Injektion
Authors: Kremnitzer Peter 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDie Schirminjektion ist ein Injektionsverfahren zur Abdichtung von erdberührten Bauwerken gegenüber Grundwasser, bei denen aufgrund der speziellen Gegebenheiten eine Behebung der Undichten des Baukörpers technisch nicht möglich oder ökonomisch nicht sinnvoll erscheint. Durch die Schirminjektion werden die Wasserwege im anstehenden Boden mit Kunstharzgelen verfüllt und abgedichtet, so dass der injizierte Boden die Funktion einer neuen Abdichtungsebene übernimmt. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Eigenschaften der verwendeten Gele und die qualitätsbestimmenden Schritte von der Voruntersuchung des Mauerwerks, über die Planung und Ausführung bis zur Qualitätssicherung und Dokumentation. Auch ökologische Aspekte der Injektion im Boden werden angesprochen.Waterproofing of Subgrade Constructions by Curtain Grouting. Curtain grouting is a method for waterproofing subgrade constructions where the sealing of the leakages in the construction is technically not possible or economically not sensible. By this kind of grouting the capillaries and cavities in the soil surrounding the construction are filled and sealed with polymeric gels. The grouted soil forms a new waterproofing body outside the structure. The properties of the used gels are described as well as the necessary steps to control the quality, including preliminary enquiries of the masonry, planning and execution of the grouting process, quality control and documentation. Also ecological aspects of grouting in soil are discussed.
Abdichtung von erdberührten Bauteilen
Authors: Steinbrecher Michael 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIm Rahmen eines von der Österreichischen Forschungsförderungs gesellschaft geförderten Projekts wurden die häufigsten Mängel und Schäden an Abdichtungen von erdberührten Bauteilen erhoben. Dazu wurden Schadensgutachten ausgewertet und die Ausführung von Abdichtungsarbeiten vor Ort begutachtet. Des Weiteren wurde das Qualifikationsniveau der Arbeiter erfasst, Fachleute befragt und Ausschreibungsunterlagen in Hinblick auf ihre Übereinstimmung mit den Bestimmungen der einschlägigen ÖNORMEN untersucht.Waterproofing of building elements with ground contact. In the context of a from the Austrian Research Promotion Agency funded research project the most common deficits and damages of water proofing of building elements with ground contact were examined. For this purpose damage expertises were analysed and the rea lisation of waterproofing systems on the building site were examined. Furthermore the qualification levels of the workers were collected, experts were consulted and tender documents in regard to their compliance with the requirements of the relevant Austrian Standards were evaluated.
Einbruchssicherheit durch Porenbeton
Authors: Küenzlen Jürgen H. R. , Flassenberg Georg 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBereits vor einigen Jahren konnte durch Versuche gezeigt werden, dass Wände aus Porenbeton durchaus auch einen erhöhten Einbruchschutz bieten können. Im Jahr 2005 wurden beispielsweise Versuche mit einbruchhemmenden Fenstern, die in Porenbeton befestigt waren, am ift in Rosenheim in der Widerstandklasse WK 2 durchgeführt und positiv beurteilt.
Diabetes mellitus, other medical conditions and pancreatic cancer: a case‐control study
Authors: Lipworth Loren , Zucchetto Antonella , Bosetti Cristina , Franceschi Silvia , Talamini Renato , Serraino Diego , McLaughlin Joseph K. , La Vecchia Carlo , Negri Eva 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes and other medical conditions have been related to pancreatic cancer, but time risk quantification is unsettled.MethodsWe combined data from two case‐control studies conducted in Italy, including 688 pancreatic cancer cases and 2204 controls. All subjects were interviewed by trained interviewers during their hospital stay. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multiple logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 103 cases (15%) and 125 controls (5.7%) reported a history of diabetes. The OR for pancreatic cancer was more pronounced among those diagnosed with diabetes in the previous 2 years (OR = 5.17; 95% CI = 2.71–9.87) than among those with diabetes diagnosed more than 2 years ago (OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.70–3.26). The ORs remained significantly elevated 2–4 years (OR = 3.81; 95% CI = 2.07–7.04) and 5–9 years (OR = 3.75; 95% CI = 2.13–6.59) since diagnosis of diabetes, after which a non‐significant 20% increased risk for pancreatic cancer was observed. As compared to non‐diabetic non‐smokers, the OR was 1.85 among non‐diabetic current smokers, 2.17 among diabetic never/former smokers, and rose to 4.67 among diabetic current smokers, indicating a multiplicative effect between these two risk factors. Pancreatic cancer was significantly associated with pancreatitis, primarily among those diagnosed within 2 years (OR = 7.16; 95% CI = 2.25–22.78). In addition, the ORs were elevated for cholelithiasis (3.53; 95% CI = 1.67–7.45) and gastroduodenal ulcer (3.16; 95% CI = 1.14–8.73) only among those diagnosed within the past 2 years.ConclusionsDiabetes is associated with heightened risk of pancreatic cancer. The association is significant for diabetes diagnosed up to 10 years before pancreatic cancer. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Difructose Dianhydrides by Use of the Xylylene Group as Stereodirecting Element in Spiroketalisation Reactions
Authors: Méndez‐Ardoy Alejandro , Suárez‐Pereira Elena , Balbuena Oliva Patricia , Jiménez Blanco José Luis , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , García Fernández José M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe use of the o‐xylylene protecting group as an element of remote stereochemical control in bis(spiroketalisation) reactions of D‐fructose has been investigated. The presence of the cyclic diether functionality favours the trans‐diequatorial disposition of oxygen substituents, a conformational arrangement that is encountered in the 3‐O/4‐O segment in β‐D‐fructopyranoside and β‐D‐fructofuranoside moieties in di‐D‐fructose dianhydrides (DFAs). Moreover, the presence of the o‐xylylene group in cis‐oriented vic‐diol segments slows down the interconversion rate between the two chair conformers in fructopyranose rings, which has a strong influence on the stereochemical outcome of the dimerisation reaction. Those features have been exploited to develop stereoselective syntheses of dipyranose and difuranose DFAs with the aid of triflic acid activation of 1,2‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐fructose precursors. For difuranose DFAs, the combination of this strategy with the concept of rigid spacer‐mediated intramolecular spiroketalisation, with use of xylylene‐tethered D‐fructose precursors, further allows double stereocontrol. The conclusions of this study open new perspectives in the stereoselective synthesis of complex spiroketal derivatives in general and in the preparation of pure DFA standards with application in food chemistry in particular.
The Effect of Strain on the RhI‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of Allylamines
Authors: Siebert Matthew R. , Yudin Andrei K. , Tantillo Dean J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA multitude of challenges facing modern synthesis have an enamine component as part of a solution. Transition‐metal‐catalyzed rearrangement of allylamines to enamines has occupied a prominent place among catalytic transformations. Similar to more conventional synthetic approaches to enamine intermediates, this chemistry typically leads to the formation of (E) isomers. Recently, a RhI‐catalyzed rearrangement of N‐allylaziridines to (Z)‐N‐alkenylaziridines was reported with kinetic stereoselectivities between 75:25 and 95:5 (Z/E). This exciting result warranted a mechanistic explanation. Herein we describe the results of quantum chemical calculations [B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p)‐LANL2DZ] aimed at evaluating competing mechanisms for this isomerization. We have compared and contrasted two mechanisms for the rearrangement: one that proceeds through an azametallocyclopentene intermediate and another through a hydrometalation/β‐hydride elimination. We find that the latter mechanism corresponds to the lower energy pathway, which, counterintuitively, exhibits a kinetic preference for the formation of products with (Z) C=C double bonds. A close correspondence between product ratios determined by simple Boltzmann distribution calculations based on these theoretical results and the previously reported ratios is observed. Lastly, we have examined whether the observed stereocontrol is exclusive to strained amines, and we find that the unique characteristics of the aziridine ring, compared to other amines, prove to be essential. Given the privileged status of the enamine functional group in synthesis, application of the “strain effect” in a range of metal‐catalyzed processes is expected to have broad consequences.
Reducing Antioxidant Capacity Evaluated by Means of Controlled Potential Electrolysis
Authors: Oliveira Raquel , Marques Juliana , Bento Fátima , Geraldo Dulce , Bettencourt Paula 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn analytical method suitable for an antioxidant sensor is presented following the response of these substances to an extensive oxidation imposed by electrochemical means. The electrochemical assay simulates the action of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) by means of electrolyses carried out at a potential which is settled at the formal potential of the ROS. The antioxidant activities of trolox and ascorbic, gallic and caffeic acids and of mixtures of these antioxidants were estimated from the charge required for the complete oxidation of the antioxidants from assays where the oxidative attack by O2 and by O2.− were simulated.