bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive success of male Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) revealed by noninvasive genetic analysis of paternity
Authors: Green Michelle L. , Herzing Denise L. , Baldwin John D. 
Published: March 2011

Cetaceans are known to frequently engage in sexual behavior; however, the lack of male parental investment in offspring makes assessment of male reproductive success difficult. We assessed paternity in a small population (mean individuals sighted per year = 93) of Atlantic spotted dolphins ( Stenella frontalis (G. Cuvier, 1829)) utilizing noninvasively collected fecal material. Samples (n = 88) were collected from dolphins from four social clusters. Of the 29 offspring tested, 34.5% were assigned paternity, resulting in 10 paternities assigned to seven males. Our study indicates that achieving a certain age is a potential precursor for males to mate successfully, as 18 years was the youngest estimated age of a male at the time of calf conception. In all pairings but one, the males were older than the female (mean age difference = 7.7+ years). Successful males were from two of the four social clusters and males most often mated within their social group or with females from the next geographically closest group. The study combines genetic data with known maternal pedigree information and reveals patterns in the overall mating system in a cetacean species where reproductive success of males was previously unknown.
Escape of parasitic water mites from dragonfly predators attacking their damselfly hosts
Authors: Nagel L. , Zanuttig M. , Forbes M. R. 
Published: March 2011

Many parasites are transmitted trophically, whereas others can either succumb to, or escape from, the predators of their hosts. We examined the extent to which larval arrenurid water mites ( Arrenurus planus Marshall, 1908 and Arrenurus pollictus Marshall, 1910) parasitizing lestid damselflies ( Lestes forcipatus Rambur, 1842 and Lestes disjunctus Sélys, 1862) escape from predatory libellulid dragonflies that are consuming their hosts. We hypothesized that the brightly coloured mites would be avoided by feeding dragonflies. However, all partially engorged A. pollictus mites were eaten while their host was being consumed in staged predation trials. In contrast, half of the fully engorged mites detached and therefore escaped consumption. Trials with A. planus mites showed that they detached more readily than their congenerics, which may be due to selection on those temporary pond mites to survive desiccation stress following detachment. The effect of dragonfly predation on transitioning of mites from parasitic larvae to their free-living aquatic stages therefore depends on the degree of engorgement and the mite species.
Pharmacometabonomic Profiling as a Predictor of Toxicity in Patients with Inoperable Colorectal Cancer Treated with Capecitabine
Authors: Backshall Alexandra , Sharma Rohini , Clarke Stephen J. , Keun Hector C. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Endogenous metabolic profiles have been shown to predict the fate and toxicity of drugs such as acetaminophen in healthy individuals. However, the clinical utility of metabonomics in oncology remains to be defined. We aimed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment serum metabolic profiles generated by 1H NMR spectroscopy on toxicity in patients with inoperable colorectal cancer receiving single agent capecitabine.
Experimental Design: Serum was collected from 54 patients with a diagnosis of locally advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer prior to treatment with single agent capecitabine. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to generate metabolic profile data for each patient. Toxicities were graded according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria version 2.0.
Results: Higher levels of low-density lipoprotein–derived lipids, including polyunsaturated fatty acids and choline phospholipids predicted for higher grade toxicity over the treatment period. Statistical analyses revealed a “pharmacometabonomic” lipid profile that correlated with severity of toxicity.
Conclusions: This study suggests that metabolic profiles can delineate subpopulations susceptible to adverse events and have a potential role in the assessment of treatment viability for cancer patients prior to commencing chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 3019–28. ©2011 AACR.
Adaptive Changes Result in Activation of Alternate Signaling Pathways and Acquisition of Resistance to Aromatase Inhibitors
Authors: Brodie Angela , Sabnis Gauri 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHormone therapy is an effective approach for the treatment of breast cancer. Although the antiestrogen tamoxifen has had a major impact on the treatment of the disease, aromatase inhibitors (AIs), which reduce estrogen synthesis, have recently proved to be more effective. These agents are now used as first-line therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer. Nevertheless, despite the efficacy of these agents, resistance to treatment eventually may occur in some patients. In an effort to overcome this resistance and extend the benefits of AIs, investigators have studied the mechanisms involved in resistance to AIs. Adaptive changes that result in activation of alternate signaling pathways in AI-resistant tumors have been identified in xenograft and cell line models. Expression of estrogen receptor α and aromatase was shown to be decreased in tumors after long-term treatment with AIs. In contrast, increased expression was observed in tyrosine kinase receptors such as Her-2 and insulin–like growth factor receptor, as well as in downstream signaling proteins such as mitogen–activated protein kinase. Functional activation of the mitogen–activated protein kinase pathway and dependency on growth factor receptor signaling have been observed in AI-resistant cells and tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 17(13); 4208–13. ©2011 AACR.
Phase I Clinical Trial Outcomes in 93 Patients with Brain Metastases: The MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience
Authors: Tsimberidou Apostolia Maria , Letourneau Katherine , Wen Sijin , Wheler Jennifer , Hong David , Naing Aung , Iskander Nancy G. , Uehara Cynthia , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Patients with brain metastases are often excluded from clinical trials, but it is unclear whether they pose an enhanced risk.
Experimental Design: We reviewed the records of 1,181 consecutive patients, with and without brain metastases, treated in our Phase I Clinical Trials Program.
Results: Ninety-three patients had brain metastases at the time of referral. Their median age was 54 years; median follow-up, 8 months. The rates of stable disease ≥ 4 months, partial response, and complete response combined in patients with and without brain metastases were 17% and 27%, respectively (P = 0.03). Although the median survival of patients with brain metastases was shorter than that of patients without brain metastases (7.5 vs. 10.3 months; P = 0.002), in multivariate analysis, the presence of brain metastases was not an independent factor predicting survival. There was no difference in time-to-treatment failure (1.74 vs. 1.84 months, respectively; P = 0.61) or in grade 3 and 4 toxicity rates (including neurologic; 12% vs. 10%, respectively; P = 0.77) between patients with and without brain metastases.
Conclusions: The rates of survival and response of patients with brain metastases were lower than those for other patients in the phase I setting, but the presence of brain metastases was not an independent prognostic factor predicting survival, indicating that other covariates that coexist with brain metastases were more significant. Time-to-treatment failure for patients with brain metastases was not decreased, nor was the incidence of serious adverse effects (including neurologic toxicity) increased, suggesting that these patients should be eligible for early clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 17(12); 4110–8. ©2011 AACR.
Characterization of Coronary Fibrin Thrombus in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Dye-Staining Angioscopy
Authors: Uchida Yasumi , Uchida Yasuto , Sakurai Takeshi , Kanai Masahito , Shirai Seiichiro , Morita Toshihiro 
Published: March 2011

Objective—
Because fibrin is transparent and almost invisible by any conventional imaging methodologies, clinical examinations of coronary fibrin thrombus have been ignored, and little is known about its role in the genesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The present study was performed to visualize coronary fibrin thrombus and to examine its role in ACS.

Methods and Results—
Dye-staining coronary angioscopy using Evans blue dye, which selectively stains fibrin blue but does not stain blood corpuscles, was performed for observation of globular coronary thrombi in 111 ACS patients. The thrombi were aspirated for histological examination. The thrombi were classified by visual appearance into 8 transparent, 3 light-red, 2 frosty glass–like and membranous, 32 white, 8 brown, 34 red, and 19 red-and-white in a mosaic pattern. Transparent thrombi that were not visible by conventional angioscopy were visualized as a blue structure by dye-staining angioscopy, and they were observed in patients with unstable angina (UA) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The thrombi caused total or subtotal coronary occlusion. The aspirated thrombi were composed of fibrin alone by histology. Fibrin-rich thrombi were visualized using dye-staining angioscopy in 60% of 50 patients with UA+NSTEMI and in 29% of 61 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. By histology of the aspirated thrombi, fibrin-rich thrombi were observed in 71% of 33 patients with UA+NSTEMI and in 28% of 35 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Conclusion—
Fibrin-rich coronary thrombi were frequently observed by both dye-staining angioscopy and histology in ACS patients. Rarely, fibrin itself formed a globular thrombus and caused coronary occlusion.
The Ephrin A1–EphA2 System Promotes Cardiac Stem Cell Migration After Infarction
Authors: Goichberg Polina , Bai Yingnan , D'Amario Domenico , Ferreira-Martins João , Fiorini Claudia , Zheng Hanqiao , Signore Sergio , del Monte Federica , Ottolenghi Sergio , D'Alessandro David A. , Michler Robert E. , Hosoda Toru , Anversa Piero , Kajstura Jan , Rota Marcello , Leri Annarosa 
Published: March 2011

RETRACTION
This article has been retracted:

Circ Res
. 2018;123:e00. DOI: 10.1161/RES.0000000000000249.
Blood Glucose Symptom Recognition: Perspectives of Older Rural Adults
Authors: Kirk Julienne K. , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Chapman Christine , Arcury Thomas A. , Bell Ronny A. , Ip Edward H. , Quandt Sara A. 
Published: March 2011

Purpose Blood glucose symptom recognition and the interpretation of how one feels with regard to low or high glucose can impact how diabetes is self-managed. Understanding interpretation of symptoms related to diabetes and ultimate glucose regulation can be challenging. Health care providers can develop strategies to improve care by listening to individuals describe their symptoms in the context of everyday life. Methods The perspectives of older rural adults were assessed through individual in-depth interviews conducted among 75 African American, American Indian, and white individuals. The study design included a sample balanced with regard to sex, ethnicity, and educational attainment. The Self-Regulatory Model of Illness and the concept that people construct their own common sense models of health were utilized in this study. Results There were four dominant themes of symptoms described that were related to blood glucose. These categories included sensations, lightheadedness, energy level, and eyesight changes. Participants described symptoms they experienced at perceived levels of both high and low blood glucose. Results suggest that older adults were unable to distinguish whether their symptoms occurred because of high or low blood glucose. Conclusion Education that incorporates methods to aid older individuals differentiate blood glucose levels related to diabetes symptoms could help improve self-management.
The Importance of Social Capital in the Promotion of Community Development and the Enhancement of Local Health System
Authors: Torri Maria Costanza 
Published: March 2011

Despite the interest in social capital, the value of this concept for health promotion and inequality reduction has yet to be firmly established. Although it has been suggested that the concept of social capital may be useful for exploring factors within individual and social health and for identifying different approaches to community-based healthcare, the interlinkages between primary healthcare, social capital and community development have yet to be considered in much detail. The purpose of this article is to analyse, through the examination of a case study from southern India (Tamil Nadu), how far social capital can trigger community participation and an effective process of enhancement of basic health system in rural areas, while conserving local medicinal knowledge. The case study is represented by Gram Mooligai Limited Company (GMLC), an innovative female community enterprise of tribal herb gatherers which commercialises medicinal plants and produces phytomedicines, using their traditional knowledge in ethnomedicine.
Acute effects of unilateral sectioning the superior ovarian nerve of rats with unilateral ovariectomy on ovarian hormones (progesterone, testosterone and estradiol) levels vary during the estrous cycle
Authors: Flores Angélica , Velasco Jacqueline , Gallegos Alma I , Mendoza Fernando D , Everardo Pamela M , Cruz María-Esther , Domínguez Roberto 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The present study analyzed the participation of the left and right superior ovarian nerves (SON) in regulating progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol serum levels in unilaterally ovariectomized rats on each day of the estrous cycle. For this purpose, ovarian hormone concentrations in serum were measured in animals with either sham-surgery, unilateral ovariectomy (ULO), unilateral sectioning of the SON, or sectioning of the SON innervation of the in situ ovary in rats with ULO.
This investigation results show that the right and left ovaries have different capacities to maintain normal hormone levels, that such capacity varies during the estrous cycle, and that it depends on the integrity of the SON innervation. In rats with only one ovary, the effects of ovarian denervation on hormone levels varied according to which ovary remained in situ, the specific hormone, and the day of the estrous cycle when treatment was performed. Present results support the idea that the ovaries send and receive neural information that is processed in the central nervous system and we propose that this information participates in controlling the secretion of gonadotropins related to the regulation of ovarian functions.
Anti-reflective nano- and micro-structures on 4H-SiC for photodiodes
Authors: Kang Min-Seok , Joo Sung-Jae , Bahng Wook , Lee Ji-Hoon , Kim Nam-Kyun , Koo Sang-Mo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this study, nano-scale honeycomb-shaped structures with anti-reflection properties were successfully formed on SiC. The surface of 4H-SiC wafer after a conventional photolithography process was etched by inductively coupled plasma. We demonstrate that the reflection characteristic of the fabricated photodiodes has significantly reduced by 55% compared with the reference devices. As a result, the optical response Iillumination/Idark of the 4H-SiC photodiodes were enhanced up to 178%, which can be ascribed primarily to the improved light trapping in the proposed nano-scale texturing.
Human papillomavirus detection in moroccan patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Laantri Nadia , Attaleb Mohammed , Kandil Mostafa , Naji Fadwa , Mouttaki Tarik , Dardari R'kia , Belghmi Khalid , Benchakroun Nadia , El Mzibri Mohammed , Khyatti Meriem 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor which arises in surface epithelium of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. There's is evidence that Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is associated to NPC development. However, many epidemiologic studies point to a connection between viral infections by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and NPC.

Method
Seventy Moroccan patients with NPC were screened for EBV and HPV. EBV detection was performed by PCR amplification of BZLF1 gene, encoding the ZEBRA (Z Epstein-Barr Virus Replication Activator) protein, and HPV infection was screened by PCR amplification with subsequent typing by hybridization with specific oligonucleotides for HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45 and 59.

Results
The age distribution of our patients revealed a bimodal pattern. Sixty two cases (88.9%) were classified as type 3 (undifferentiated carcinoma), 6 (8.6%) as type 2 (non keratinizing NPC) and only 2 (2.9%) cases were classified as type 1 (keratinizing NPC). EBV was detected in all NPC tumors, whereas HPV DNA was revealed in 34% of cases (24/70). Molecular analysis showed that 20.8% (5/24) were infected with HPV31, and the remaining were infected with other oncogenic types (i.e., HPV59, 16, 18, 33, 35 and 45). In addition, statistical analysis showed that there's no association between sex or age and HPV infection (P > 0.1).

Conclusion
Our data indicated that EBV is commonly associated with NPC in Moroccan patients and show for the first time that NPC tumours from Moroccan patients harbour high risk HPV genotypes.
Parallel biocomputing
Authors: Kompass Kenneth S , Hoffmann Thomas J , Witte John S 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
With the advent of high throughput genomics and high-resolution imaging techniques, there is a growing necessity in biology and medicine for parallel computing, and with the low cost of computing, it is now cost-effective for even small labs or individuals to build their own personal computation cluster.

Methods
Here we briefly describe how to use commodity hardware to build a low-cost, high-performance compute cluster, and provide an in-depth example and sample code for parallel execution of R jobs using MOSIX, a mature extension of the Linux kernel for parallel computing. A similar process can be used with other cluster platform software.

Results
As a statistical genetics example, we use our cluster to run a simulated eQTL experiment. Because eQTL is computationally intensive, and is conceptually easy to parallelize, like many statistics/genetics applications, parallel execution with MOSIX gives a linear speedup in analysis time with little additional effort.

Conclusions
We have used MOSIX to run a wide variety of software programs in parallel with good results. The limitations and benefits of using MOSIX are discussed and compared to other platforms.
Gene discovery in Triatoma infestans
Authors: Avila María L , Tekiel Valeria , Moretti Georgina , Nicosia Soledad , Bua Jacqueline , Lammel Estela M , Stroppa María M , de Burgos Nelia M Gerez , Sánchez Daniel O 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundTriatoma infestansis the most relevant vector of Chagas disease in the southern cone of South America. Since its genome has not yet been studied, sequencing of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) is one of the most powerful tools for efficiently identifying large numbers of expressed genes in this insect vector.ResultsIn this work, we generated 826 ESTs, resulting in an increase of 47% in the number of ESTs available forT. infestans. These ESTs were assembled in 471 unique sequences, 151 of which represent 136 new genes for the Reduviidae family.ConclusionsAmong the putative new genes for the Reduviidae family, we identified and described an interesting subset of genes involved in development and reproduction, which constitute potential targets for insecticide development.
Season of birth and anorexia nervosa
Authors: Disanto Giulio , Handel Adam E. , Para Andrea E. , Ramagopalan Sreeram V. , Handunnetthi Lahiru 
Published: March 2011

SummaryOur aim was to investigate whether there is a season-of-birth effect in
anorexia nervosa. In a meta-analysis, we compared the distribution of
anorexia births (n = 1293) from four independent UK cohorts
to that of the general UK population (n = 21 914 037),
using both the Walter & Elwood seasonality and chi-squared tests. We
found an excess of anorexia births from March to June (odds ratio (OR) =
1.15, 95% CI 1.03–1.29, P = 0.012) and a deficit from
September to October (OR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.68–0.94, P =
0.007). These results indicate that environmental risk factor(s) are
operative during gestation or immediately after birth and their
identification will be important for disease prevention strategies.
Bowel obstruction from wild bananas: a neglected health problem in Laos
Authors: Slesak Günther , Mounlaphome Kaisouksavanh , Inthalad Saythong , Phoutsavath Ounheaun , Mayxay Mayfong , Newton Paul N 
Published: March 2011

We investigated the significance and risk factors of bowel obstruction caused by the consumption of wild bananas (BOWB) in Laos. Of six patients with BOWB in Luang Namtha, North Laos, five required enterotomy for phytobezoars. All had eaten wild banana (WB) seeds. Of 227 other patients/relatives: 91.2% had eaten WB; 46.3% had also eaten the seeds and 45.4% knew of complications resulting from eating WB; 42.3% were aware of the complications of ingesting the seeds (constipation [37.9%], appendicitis/abdominal pain/vomiting [2.6% each] and bloated stomach/death [1.3% each]). Middle/highland Lao ethnicity was associated with WB and seed consumption (odds ratio [OR] 9.91 and 2.33), male sex with WB consumption and unawareness (OR 4.31 and 1.78). At all surgically-equipped hospitals in Laos, 33/44 doctors knew of BOWB, describing patients as young adults (16/30), male (24/30) and from middleland Lao (18/30). Countrywide, 46/48 patients with BOWB required laparotomy in 2009 (incidence 0.8/100,000). All consumed WB seeds. BOWB is widespread in Laos, especially among young middleland Lao men consuming WB seeds on an empty stomach.