bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RE‐CASTING DEVELOPMENT: ISLAMIC BANKING AND THE CASE OF THE ISLAMI BANK'S RURAL DEVELOPMENT SCHEME IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Kroessin Mohammed R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIslamic economics has been counter‐constructed as an alternative to the mainstream development model perceived to be purely focused on the material world. In this context, the development narrative of a leading Islamic bank in Bangladesh is explored, utilising a discourse analytical approach.Despite the fact that the Islami Bank's development programme appears to very similar to mainstream interventions, it seeks to re‐cast development as a holistic process with a vision for society that is both spiritual and material. By virtue of this narrative that conceptualises the objectives of development in a different fashion to the mainstream, complex power dynamics and antagonistic frontiers with other development actors are generated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CIVIC DUTY FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: A CASE OF DUTY‐BASED APPROACHES IN JAPAN
Authors: Ito Sanae 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFor a long time, donors have been keen to reform local governance in low‐income countries by promoting the realisation of people's rights at the grass roots. This often goes together with the strengthening of civil society. Japan is one of the donors which endorse this approach, but its own local governance, unlike that of other advanced industrialised countries in the West, is strongly built upon people's sense of civic responsibility. Although Japan's civil society is commonly believed to be weak, it enjoys a strong network of neighbourhood‐based associations that serves as an institutional mechanism for generating a sense of civic duty. This article explores the possibility of integrating the notion of civic duty in community development in countries where the state–society nexus can similarly be mediated by locally embedded institutions in place of mission‐driven non‐governmental organisations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Passive mechanical properties and related proteins change with botulinum neurotoxin A injection of normal skeletal muscle
Authors: Thacker Bryan E. , Tomiya Akihito , Hulst Jonah B. , Suzuki Kentaro P. , Bremner Shannon N. , Gastwirt Randy F. , Greaser Marion L. , Lieber Richard L. , Ward Samuel R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe effects of botulinum neurotoxin A on the passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle have not been investigated, but may have significant impact in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders including spasticity. Single fiber and fiber bundle passive mechanical testing was performed on rat muscles treated with botulinum neurotoxin A. Myosin heavy chain and titin composition of single fibers was determined by gel electrophoresis. Muscle collagen content was determined using a hydroxyproline assay. Neurotoxin‐treated single fiber passive elastic modulus was reduced compared to control fibers (53.00 kPa vs. 63.43 kPa). Fiber stiffness and slack sarcomere length were also reduced compared to control fibers and myosin heavy chain composition shifted from faster to slower isoforms. Average titin molecular weight increased 1.77% after treatment. Fiber bundle passive elastic modulus increased following treatment (168.83  kPa vs. 75.14 kPa). Bundle stiffness also increased while collagen content per mass of muscle tissue increased 38%. Injection of botulinum neurotoxin A produces an effect on the passive mechanical properties of normal muscle that is opposite to the changes observed in spastic muscles. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:497–502, 2012
Combined microwave irradiation and intraarticular glutamine administration‐induced HSP70 expression therapy prevents cartilage degradation in a rat osteoarthritis model
Authors: Fujita Shinya , Arai Yuji , Nakagawa Shuji , Takahashi Kenji A. , Terauchi Ryu , Inoue Atsuo , Tonomura Hitoshi , Hiraoka Nobuyuki , Inoue Hiroaki , Tsuchida Shinji , Mazda Osam , Kubo Toshikazu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of heat stimulation and glutamine (Gln) on the expression of extracellular matrix genes and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in rat articular cartilage in vivo and to determine whether HSP70 expression achieved with a combination of microwave (MW) and Gln suppresses osteoarthritis (OA) progression in a rat OA model. Stimulation at 40 W was assumed to be appropriate in the present study, and the effects of heat treatment at this intensity were evaluated. Articular cartilage was collected at 8 h after heat stimulation and/or intraarticular Gln administration, and total RNA was extracted. The expression of HSP70, aggrecan, and type II collagen was quantified using real‐time RT‐PCR. Cartilage samples from the OA model were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and safranin O staining. HSP70 and aggrecan expression was greatest in a group receiving both MW and Gln. In the rat OA model, the severity of OA was significantly milder in a group receiving MW and Gln than in the control group. HSP70, stimulated by the combination of MW heat and Gln, may be involved in the suppression of OA progression. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:401–407, 2012
BCL2L1 has a functional role in colorectal cancer and its protein expression is associated with chromosome 20q gain
Authors: Sillars‐Hardebol Anke H , Carvalho Beatriz , Beliën Jeroen AM , de Wit Meike , Delis‐van Diemen Pien M , Tijssen Marianne , van de Wiel Mark A , Pontén Fredrik , Fijneman Remond JA , Meijer Gerrit A 
Published: August 2011

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the western world. The majority of CRCs, which develop from adenoma precursor lesions, show gain of chromosome arm 20q, where BCL2L1 is located. BCL2L1 is an important apoptosis regulating gene that codes for both an anti‐apoptotic (Bcl‐xL) and a pro‐apoptotic (Bcl‐xS) splice variant. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether BCL2L1 contributes to 20q gain‐driven colorectal adenoma‐to‐carcinoma progression. To this end, the functional role of BCL2L1 in cancer‐related processes was investigated, and differences in BCL2L1 DNA, mRNA, and protein levels were compared between colorectal adenomas and CRCs, as well as between tumours with and without 20q gain. Down‐modulation of BCL2L1 inhibited cell viability and anchorage‐independent growth of CRC cells, while invasion was not affected. BCL2L1 DNA copy number and protein expression were increased in CRCs compared to adenomas (p = 0.00005 and p = 0.03, respectively), while mRNA expression was not. Differences in BCL2L1 protein expression were even more pronounced between tumours with and without 20q gain (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, BCL2L1 is functionally involved in several cancer‐related processes and its protein expression is associated with 20q gain. This supports a role for 20q gain‐dependent expression of BCL2L1 in colorectal adenoma‐to‐carcinoma progression. However, the absence of a direct correlation between BCL2L1 mRNA and protein expression implies that BCL2L1 protein expression is regulated at the post‐transcriptional level by a distinct factor on the 20q amplicon (eg ZNF217, AURKA or miRNAs). Therefore, even though BCL2L1 affects CRC biology in a 20q gain‐dependent manner, it is not likely to be a driver of chromosome 20q gain associated adenoma‐to‐carcinoma progression. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The retinoid signalling molecule, TRIM16, is repressed during squamous cell carcinoma skin carcinogenesis in vivo and reduces skin cancer cell migration in vitro
Authors: Cheung Belamy B , Koach Jessica , Tan Owen , Kim Patrick , Bell Jessica L , D'andreti Carla , Sutton Selina , Malyukova Alena , Sekyere Eric , Norris Murray , Haber Michelle , Kavallaris Maria , Cunningham Anne M , Proby Charlotte , Leigh Irene , Wilmott James S , Cooper Caroline L , Halliday Gary M , Scolyer Richard A , Marshall Glenn M 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRetinoid therapy is used for chemo‐prevention in immuno‐suppressed patients at high risk of developing skin cancer. The retinoid signalling molecule, tripartite motif protein 16 (TRIM16), is a regulator of keratinocyte differentiation and a tumour suppressor in retinoid‐sensitive neuroblastoma. We sought to determine the role of TRIM16 in skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) pathogenesis. We have shown that TRIM16 expression was markedly reduced during the histological progression from normal skin to actinic keratosis and SCC. SCC cell lines exhibited lower cytoplasmic and nuclear TRIM16 expression compared with primary human keratinocyte (PHK) cells due to reduced TRIM16 protein stability. Overexpressed TRIM16 translocated to the nucleus, inducing growth arrest and cell differentiation. In SCC cells, TRIM16 bound to and down regulated nuclear E2F1, this is required for cell replication. Retinoid treatment increased nuclear TRIM16 expression in retinoid‐sensitive PHK cells, but not in retinoid‐resistant SCC cells. Overexpression of TRIM16 reduced SCC cell migration, which required the C‐terminal RET finger protein (RFP)‐like domain of TRIM16. The mesenchymal intermediate filament protein, vimentin, was directly bound and down‐regulated by TRIM16 and was required for TRIM16‐reduced cell migration. Taken together, our data suggest that loss of TRIM16 expression plays an important role in the development of cutaneous SCC and is a determinant of retinoid sensitivity. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiac metastasis and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in recurrent infantile fibrosarcoma
Authors: Shah Nirali N. , Price Mitchell R. , Loeb David M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCardiac metastasis and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy are both quite rare. We describe a patient presenting with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy as the first symptom of recurrent infantile fibrosarcoma (IF). During surgical resection of lung metastasis, the patient suffered sudden cardiac arrest. Autopsy demonstrated a metastatic lesion in the intraventricular septum of the heart, which is previously undescribed in the literature. This case demonstrates that IF can be aggressive despite its more typical benign course. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 179–181. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Separation of Four Homoisoflavonoids from Caesalpinia sappan by High‐speed Counter‐current Chromatography
Authors: Xu Pingping , Guan Shuhong , Feng Ruihong , Tang Renneng , Guo Dean 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe main chemical constituents of Caesalpinia sappan are homoisoflavonoids. Conventional column chromatographic techniques used for isolation of this type of compounds are tedious, time‐consuming and waste solvents. High‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC) could be a suitable alternative for the enrichment and purification of these target compounds from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).ObjectiveTo establish a method to isolate four homoisoflavonoids in one‐step separation from C. sappan by HSCCC.MethodologyThe crude extract of C. sappan was fractionated by HSCCC using a two‐phase solvent system consisting of chloroform–methanol–water (4:3:2, v/v/v). The separation conditions were: flow rate, 1.0 mL/min; revolution speed, 900 rpm; detection wavelength, 280 nm; separation temperature, 25 °C; sample size, 120 mg crude sample dissolved in a mixture of the upper and lower phases (10 mL each). The retention of the stationary phase was 83%.ResultsFive milligrams of 3'‐deoxysappanol, 8 mg of 3‐deoxysappanone B, 20 mg of 4‐O‐methylsappanol and 18 mg of brazilin were obtained in one‐step separation from 120 mg of an ethyl acetate extracted fraction of C. sappan. Their purities were 99%, 97%, 90% and 85% by HPLC analysis. The mean recoveries of the four compounds were 83%, 86%, 93% and 85%, respectively.ConclusionThe study has shown that HSCCC is effective for the separation and enrichment of the target compounds at a large scale. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Carotenoids and their Esters in Fruits of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) by HPLC‐DAD‐APCI‐MS
Authors: Giuffrida Daniele , Pintea Adela , Dugo Paola , Torre Germana , Pop Raluca Maria , Mondello Luigi 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe berries of Hippophae rhamnoides Linnaeus have high nutritional and medicinal values and have been used for centuries as food both in Europe and Asia. The oleoresins represent a potential source of carotenoid esters and can be used as food additives, cosmetic ingredients or nutraceuticals.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop a HPLC‐DAD‐APCI‐MS method, with both positive and negative ionisation modes, for the direct identification of the native carotenoid composition in fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides.Materials and methodsFruits of Hippophae rhamnoides, cv. Serbanesti and Victoria, were collected from an experimental field at the Fruit Research Station of Bacau, Romania. Samples were extracted using methanol:ethyl acetate:petroleum ether (1:1:1, v/v/v). The HPLC‐DAD‐APCI‐MS analyses were carried out on a Shimadzu system using a YMC C30‐column and a gradient elution.ResultsIn total 22 compounds were detected, eight were free carotenoids, nine were xanthophylls monoesters and five were xanthophylls diesters. Differences were observed in the relative percentage composition of the identified components among the two cultivars investigated. Zeaxanthin‐C16:0,C16:0 was the most abundant diester. The unsaturated palmitoleic acid was directly detected in its esterified form, in zeaxanthin‐C16:0,C16:1, which is reported here for the first time. Although present in small amounts the unsaturated oleic, linoleic, linolenic, hexadecadienoic and hexadecatrienoic acids were detected in their esterified forms as lutein monoesters, the last two having been detected in Hippophae rhamnoides for the first time.ConclusionA novel (HPLC‐DAD‐APCI‐MS) method was developed for the direct identification of the native carotenoid composition in fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moisture absorption behavior and its impact on the mechanical properties of cellulose whiskers‐based polyvinylacetate nanocomposites
Authors: Mathew Aji P. , Gong Guan , Bjorngrim Niclas , Wixe David , Oksman Kristiina 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCellulose nanowhisker (CNW) reinforced polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) nanocomposites were prepared by melt‐extrusion using a master batch process. Microscopy images showed no visible aggregation of whiskers in the matrix. The influence of CNWs and moisture absorption on the mechanical behavior of the nanocomposites was studied. The water sorption studies indicated low water uptake (<10 wt%) for all the materials. However, higher moisture uptake was obtained in the nanocomposites compared to the matrix though the diffusion co‐efficient of the nanocomposites was lower. The tensile strength and modulus were decreased with the addition of CNWs to PVAc, but the reduction is lower at higher CNW concentration indicating that the plasticizing effect of the moisture was counteracted to some extent by the reinforcing effect of CNWs. Higher tensile ductility and toughness, which were dependent on moisture absorption, were achieved in the nanocomposites than pure PVAc. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Experimental study of melting of LDPE/PS polyblend in an intermeshing counter‐rotating twin screw extruder
Authors: Wilczyński Krzysztof , Lewandowski Adrian , Wilczyński Krzysztof J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAn experimental study is presented of the melting mechanism in a starve‐fed closely intermeshing counter‐rotating twin screw extruder of a modular Leistritz design. Various polymeric materials, semicrystalline low density polyethylene (LDPE), amorphous polystyrene (PS), and (LDPE/PS) polyblend were investigated at various operating conditions. A “screw pulling‐out” technique was used to investigate polymer behavior along the screw axis. In particular, the solid conveying, melting positions, the extent of starved character along the screw, and the fully filled regions were observed. Polymer samples were stripped off from each screw which was removed from the machine to investigate melting mechanism. Generally, it has been concluded that the melting mechanism revealed by White and Wilczyński for polyolefines has been proved for other polymeric materials under study. This mechanism consists of pellets being dragged into the calendering gap where they are melted due to calendering action. The molten polymer is expelled from the gap and pushes against the pellet bed which is continuously dragged into the gap. The composite modeling of an intermeshing counter‐rotating twin screw extrusion of polyblends has also been discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 52:449–458, 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
The effect of ethylenediamine pretreatment on the molecular structure of thermally stabilized polyacrylonitrile fibers before carbonization
Authors: Karacan Ismail , Erdŏgan Gulhan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAqueous ethylenediamine (EDA) pretreatment followed by thermal stabilization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers in an oxygen rich air environment was carried out prior to the carbonization stage. The results show that the EDA pretreatment is very effective and efficient in promoting the cyclization of nitrile groups by shortening the time necessary for the development of thermally stable structure needed to withstand the high carbonization temperatures. A direct relationship between the values of density and the oxygen content is found which is believed to be due to the positive role played by the oxygen containing functional groups in the formation of ladder frame structures. Analysis of the equatorial X‐ray diffraction traces shows the transformation of the original structure from a highly ordered phase to a totally disordered amorphous phase as indicated by the loss of the degree of order of the original PAN fiber. X‐ray, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and infrared conversion indices show the rapid conversion from the original open structure to highly cyclized and crosslinked polymer structure. Utilization of EDA pretreatment prior to the thermal stabilization is expected to significantly reduce the cost of the final carbon fiber manufacturing by reducing the time necessary for the thermal stabilization stage. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Recent progress and future aspects of organic solar cells
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Chand Suresh 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThis article aims to review the recent progress and future aspects of organic solar cells (OSCs). Different device designs proposed for efficient light harvesting and their advancements have been discussed. We have discussed various parameters limiting their efficiency and their possible solutions. Special attention has been paid to understand the device physics and its fundamental facets. Open circuit voltage (Voc) is an important parameter in the determination of their efficiency, but the picture behind the real origin of Voc is not very much clear; therefore, this issue has been discussed in detail. Short lifetime is another important issue; therefore, recent progress in stability and related issues has also been discussed. The progress in roll to roll (R2R) processing and demonstration for large‐area OSCs has been paid particular attention. The areas, where further advances will help in the commercial realization of this technology, have also been discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Workshops of the HUPO Human Plasma Proteome Project (HPPP): A bridge with the HUPO CardioVascular Initiative and the emergence of SRM targeted proteomics
Authors: Omenn Gilbert S. , Baker Mark S. , Aebersold Ruedi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe hereby provide a two‐year update on the HUPO Human Plasma Proteome Project (HPPP) informed by advances presented at the HPPP sessions at the HUPO World Congresses in Toronto in September 2009 and in Sydney in September 2010.
In situ Cu(0) catalyzed SET‐LRP: The first attempt
Authors: Zhang Qin , Zhang Zhengbiao , Wang Wenxiang , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Jian , Zhou Nianchen , Zhang Wei , Wu Zhaoqiang , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this work, single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) was catalyzed by in situ Cu(0) generated from copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) and hydrazine hydrate (N2H4·H2O) at 25 °C. The polymerization occurred smoothly with moderate controllability: the polymerization rates increased by the increases of N2H4·H2O, and the initiator concentration had an optimal value on the polymerization rate; the number‐average molecular weights (Mn,GPC) increased with monomer conversions and polydispersities were below 1.40. The Mn,GPC deviated much from theoretical ones with about 50% polymer chain‐end fidelities. Some side reactions stemming from the strong reduction performance of N2H4·H2O were responsible for the mildly controlled polymerizations. This polymerization can be conducted in SET‐LRP unfavorable solvents or in bulk, such as toluene and tetrahydrofuran, owing to the H2O contained in CuSO4·5H2O and N2H4·H2O. On account of the utilization of CuSO4·5H2O, an inactive Cu(II) compounds in LRP area, this work confirmed from experimental level that it was Cu(0) which acted as activator and mediator in SET‐LRP. This work provided a first example of in situ Cu(0) catalyzing SET‐LRP with CuSO4·5H2O as a copper source. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Structure and stability of Gyuba, a β‐lactoglobulin chimera
Authors: Ohtomo Hideaki , Konuma Tsuyoshi , Utsunoiya Hiroko , Tsuge Hideaki , Ikeguchi Masamichi 
Published: August 2011

Abstractβ‐lactoglobulin (LG) contains nine β‐strands (strands A–I) and one α‐helix. Strands A–H form a β‐barrel. At neutral pH, equine LG (ELG) is monomeric, whereas bovine LG (BLG) is dimeric, and the I‐strands of its two subunits form an intermolecular β‐sheet. We previously constructed a chimeric ELG in which the sequence of the I‐strand was replaced with that of BLG. This chimera did not dimerize. For this study, we constructed the new chimera we call Gyuba (which means cow and horse in Japanese). The amino acid sequence of Gyuba includes the sequences of the BLG secondary structures and those of the ELG loops. The crystal structure of Gyuba is very similar to that of BLG and indicates that Gyuba dimerizes via the intermolecular β‐sheet formed by the two I‐strands. Thus, the entire arrangement of the secondary structural elements is important for LG dimer formation.
Cultural and linguistic problems in GSD: a simulator to train engineers in these issues
Authors: Monasor Miguel J. , Vizcaíno Aurora , Piattini Mario 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThis paper tackles the need for universities and practitioners to train their students and engineers in the new challenges that global software development entails, which are principally related to communication, collaboration and cultural differences. Teaching the necessary skills requires practical experience. However, training in educational environments is difficult, and some challenging issues must still be confronted. We have focused our work on the development of a virtual training environment that can simulate global software development scenarios involving virtual agents (VAs) from different cultures. The VAs interact with learners, who use typical communication tools to solve predefined problems. This environment considers common problems caused by distance and cultural differences when using English as a means of communication. It allows learners to train at any time, because the VAs are always available, and it also permits them to play different roles in the various stages of the project. In this paper, we depict the design and development of the tool, as well as an initial evaluation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.