bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of lead dioxide electrodes morphology on kinetics and current efficiency of oxygen-ozone evolution reactions
Authors: Rufino Élen , Santana Mario , Faria Luiz , Silva Leonardo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractInfluence of electrode morphology on electrochemical properties of lead dioxide electrodes (β-PbO2) for oxygen-ozone evolution reactions in acid medium was investigated using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), polarization curves (PC), and determination of the current efficiency (Φ). Experimental findings revealed that application of high electrodeposition current densities furnishes more rough β-PbO2 films. Surface characteristics were verified by SEM images and the analysis of interfacial pseudo-capacitances and morphology factor (φ). Kinetic study of the overall electrode process (O2 + O3) based on the analysis of the Tafel slope revealed that the electrode morphology and electrolyte composition considerably affect the electrode kinetics. In most cases, the existence of two Tafel slopes distributed in the low and high overpotential domains was observed. Abnormal Tafel slopes (b ≠ 120 mV) obtained for the primary water discharge step during water electrolysis were interpreted considering the apparent charge transfer coefficient (α apa). Optimum conditions for the ozone production were obtained for the less rough β-PbO2 electrode immersed in a sulfuric acid solution (1.0 mol dm−3) containing KPF6 (30 × 10−3 mol dm−3), where the current efficiency of 15 mass % for the ozone production was obtained.
Oxidative polymerization of anilinium 5-sulfosalicylate with peroxydisulfate in water
Authors: Marjanović Budimir , Juranić Ivan , Mentus Slavko , Ćirić-Marjanović Gordana , Holler Petr 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAnilinium 5-sulfosalicylate was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, and FTIR and NMR spectroscopies. It was polymerized in an aqueous solution using ammonium peroxydisulfate as an oxidant. The precipitated polyaniline 5-sulfosalicylate exhibited high thermal stability and conductivity of 0.13 S cm−1. Its mass-average molar mass and polydispersity index were determined by gel-permeation chromatography as 22,900 g mol−1 and 2.7, respectively. Elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy study of polyaniline 5-sulfosalicylate revealed the doping level and the oxidation state between emeraldine and protoemeraldine salt while corresponding studies of the polyaniline base indicate a small extent of the covalent bonding of 5-sulfosalicylate anions to polyaniline chains.
Modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) membrane via blending with poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer
Authors: Zhu Guo-Quan , Gao Qiao-Chun , Li Zhi-He , Wang Fa-Gang , Zhang Hua 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA series of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PBLG-b-PEG) blend membranes with different PVA/PBLG-b-PEG mole ratios were prepared by pervaporation. Structure and morphologies of PVA/PBLG-b-PEG blend membranes were investigated using Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Mechanical and chemical properties of PVA/PBLG-b-PEG blend membrane were studied by tensile testing and other physical methods. It was revealed that the introduction of PBLG-b-PEG copolymer has significant effect on the properties of a PVA membrane.
Tibial Spine Avulsion Fracture
Authors: Matheson Heather , Lentz Trevor A. 
Published: August 2010

The patient was a 32-year-old male who sustained a noncontact left knee injury during a quick pivot on a planted left foot, while playing flag football.He felt a pop in his knee, noted immediate swelling, and was unable to bear weight. He subsequently presented to the emergency department for evaluation. Radiographs of the left knee revealed findings consistent with a tibial spine avulsion fracture, while magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a medial tibial spine avulsion fracture. Bone marrow edema was noted in a pivot shift injury pattern involving the lateral femoral condyle and the lateral tibial plateau, and there was also a fracture of the posterior lateral tibial cortex at the site of the bone marrow edema. To determine the best course of treatment, a computed tomography scan was ordered to better visualize the extent of the avulsion fracture. The computed tomography scan demonstrated a comminuted fracture through the tibial spine. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(9):595. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.0414
Plasma levels of apolipoprotein M in normal and complicated pregnancy
Authors: Ahnström Josefin , Lindqvist Pelle G. , Walle Ursula , Dahlbäck Björn 
Published: August 2010

AbstractApolipoprotein M (apoM) is mainly associated with high‐density lipoprotein in human plasma. Despite several studies suggesting apoM as an anti‐atherogenic, its function is not yet fully understood. Plasma apoM was measured in normal pregnancies at four different gestational ages and in the postpartum period to investigate whether the concentration of apoM changes during pregnancy. In addition, apoM was measured at 13 weeks in women who subsequently developed preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, recurrent miscarriage, or small‐for‐gestational age babies, and in women with uncomplicated pregnancies. The plasma concentrations of apoM increased during pregnancy to reach highest levels in the postpartum period. Thus, plasma apoM in non‐pregnant women was around 0.77 μmol/l, 0.88 μmol/l at 40 gestational weeks, and 1.05 μmol/l in the postpartum period (p < 0.0001). No differences in plasma concentrations of apoM were found among the studied pregnancy complications.
Conservative approach in heavy postpartum hemorrhage associated with coagulopathy
Authors: Palacios‐Jaraquemada Jose , Fiorillo Angel 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe application of external uterine elastic bandage is a new approach to control serious postpartum hemorrhage. This was applied in 10 consecutive patients with severe postpartum hemorrhage. After circulatory stabilization by external aortic compression, laparotomy and identification of the source of bleeding, compression sutures were applied and intrauterine fibrin glue was administered. Immediately thereafter, external uterine elastic bandage was wrapped around the uterus to compress it and stop the bleeding. After hemostasis had persisted for some time, the bandage was removed, and uterus and abdomen were then closed. Application of external uterine elastic bandage resulted in hemostasis within 45 minutes after aortic compression. Hysteroscopy 6 months after the procedure showed no signs of uterine ischemia or endometrial adhesions. In conclusion, external elastic uterine bandage is a simple tool that seems to improve hemostasis and prevent hysterectomy in heavy postpartum hemorrhage.
Origin of multiple pregnancies in a subfertile population
Authors: Brandes Monique , Hamilton Carl J.C.M. , Bergevoet Kim A.Y.J. , de Bruin Jan Peter , Nelen Willianne L.D.M. , Kremer Jan A.M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective. To evaluate the contribution of different subfertility treatments to the number of multiple pregnancies in a subfertile population. Design. A prospective cohort study between January 2002 and December 2006. Setting. A subfertility clinic in a large regional training hospital in the Netherlands. Population. A total of 1,001 continuing pregnancies, of which 63 (6.3%) were multiple. Methods. Of all pregnancies, mode of conception, outcome and type of pregnancy (singleton or multiple) were documented. Main outcome measures. Proportions of continuing and multiple pregnancies caused by the different modes of conception. Results. Of all subfertility related continuing pregnancies, 46% were conceived spontaneously, 16% were induced by clomiphene citrate (CC), 2.4% by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and 14% by intra‐uterine insemination combined with controlled hyperstimulation (IUI/(COH)). In vitro fertilization (IVF) and its related techniques resulted in about a fifth of all continuing pregnancies (n = 212), but were responsible for more than half (n = 36) of the multiple pregnancies. Furthermore, 18% of the multiple pregnancies were induced by IUI/(COH), 3% by FSH, 11% by CC, whereas about 11% were conceived spontaneously. Conclusions. IVF and intra‐cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were responsible for the majority of the multiple pregnancies in a subfertile population. Therefore, twin prevention should be focused on further promoting elective single embryo transfer (eSET). Fertility treatment and particular IVF should not be started as long as the spontaneous pregnancy prognosis is good.
Continuous glucose monitoring‐enabled insulin‐pump therapy in diabetic pregnancy
Authors: Secher Anna L. , Schmidt Signe , Nørgaard Kirsten , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe describe the feasibility of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)‐enabled insulin‐pump therapy during pregnancy in a woman with type 1 diabetes, who was treated with CGM‐enabled insulin‐pump therapy in her third pregnancy. During her first pregnancy, the woman was treated with multiple daily injections and baseline HbA1c was 8.9%. Due to pre‐eclampsia, the child was born preterm, and had neonatal hypoglycemia. In the planning of the second pregnancy, insulin‐pump therapy was initiated, resulting in an HbA1c of 6.8% in early pregnancy. Due to pre‐eclampsia, the second child was born preterm, but without neonatal morbidity. Before her third pregnancy, CGM‐enabled insulin‐pump therapy was introduced, and HbA1c was 6.4% in early pregnancy. The patient was satisfied with this therapy, pre‐eclampsia did not occur, and the child was born at term without neonatal morbidity. CGM‐enabled insulin‐pump therapy appears feasible in diabetic pregnancies.
Validity of self‐reported birthweight among middle‐aged and elderly women in the Danish Nurse Cohort Study
Authors: Wodskou Pernille M. , Hundrup Yrsa A. , Obel Erik B. , Jørgensen Torben 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective. To investigate the validity of self‐reported birthweight among middle‐aged and elderly women and to identify possible determinants of reporting accuracy. Setting and design. The Danish Nurse Cohort Study (DNCS), a prospective risk factor and hormone therapy study. Population. Participants in the 1999 DNCS. Methods. Self‐reported exact and categorical birthweight data from the DNCS was compared with data from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register (CSHRR), which contains birthweight data. Main outcome measures. Accuracy of self‐reported birthweight expressed as mean difference with limits of agreement, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV). Results. Exact birthweight was available for 441 participants. The correlation coefficient was 0.83. The mean difference was −21 g and limits of agreement were −843 to 818 g. A total of 74% answered correctly within 250 g while 7% were more than 500 g in error. Categorical birthweight was available for 925 participants. A total of 87% reported the correct birthweight. Sensitivity and PPV were high for normal birthweight, whereas specificity and NPV were better for high and low birthweight (HBW and LBW). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that HBW, LBW and being the daughter of a young mother decreased the accuracy of self‐reported birthweight. Conclusions. Self‐reported birthweight is a valid measure of actual birthweight among middle‐aged and elderly women. Due to the lower accuracy of HBW and LBW, studies of the association between birthweight and chronic disease may underestimate the true effect of these weights.
Evaluation of the introduction of a new treatment for the termination of pregnancy in The Netherlands
Authors: Brouns Joseph F.G.M. , Burger Matthe P.M. , van Wijngaarden Wim J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAll hospital‐based gynecologists in The Netherlands were sent a questionnaire on the termination of pregnancy with off‐label drugs in the absence of treatment protocols. Response was received from 93.2% of the teaching hospitals and 87.9% of the non‐teaching hospitals, thus representing practice of nearly all gynecologists working in The Netherlands. More than 40 different regimens were used for five different indications. Gynecologists embarked on a large number of different regimens of which a distressing number do not have any merits to be found in studies or guidelines illustrating that, without clear protocols or guidelines, the implementation of new medical treatments is potential haphazard and based on personal preference. Suboptimal treatment regimens will frustrate patients and doctors and deprive future patients from the most efficacious and patient friendly treatment regimes available.
The morbidly adherent placenta: an overview of management options
Authors: Doumouchtsis Stergios K. , Arulkumaran Sabaratnam 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMorbidly adherent placenta is often associated with severe maternal morbidity. An increased incidence over the recent years may be secondary to the increased cesarean section rates. Identification of patients with risk factors antenatally is essential for the early diagnosis and management. Diagnosis can be achieved by ultrasound or MRI in the majority of cases. Management aims to ensure a safe delivery of the fetus, alongside measures of prevention or effective management of postpartum hemorrhage. When a hysterectomy is performed, a multidisciplinary team with surgical expertise and facilities for transfusion and further interventions including arterial ligation and interventional radiology should be available. The options for conservative treatments offer the potential to preserve fertility but further research with prospective evaluation of the different approaches is necessary.
Biology of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A in relation to prenatal diagnostics: an overview
Authors: Kirkegaard Ida , Uldbjerg Niels , Oxvig Claus 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) is highly efficient as a serum marker in first‐trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that low levels of PAPP‐A in the first trimester are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery, intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, and stillbirth. PAPP‐A is a glycoprotein, produced in the placenta, and it is present in the maternal circulation in increasing concentrations during pregnancy. By means of its proteolytic activity, PAPP‐A functions as a regulatory protein in the insulin‐like growth factor system, known to be important for placental formation and regulation of fetal growth. This overview describes aspects of biochemistry, synthesis, and biological functions of PAPP‐A, with a focus on information of importance to clinicians. The clinical applications of PAPP‐A are summarized, and new insights regarding the analyses of PAPP‐A discussed.
Predicting cardiotoxicity propensity of the novel iodinated contrast medium GE-145: Ventricular fibrillation during left coronary arteriography in pigs
Authors: Chai Chun-Ming , Rasmussen Henrik , Eriksen Morten , Hvoslef Anne-Marie , Evans Paul , Newton Ben B. , Videm Signe 
Published: August 2010

Background: Severe side effects caused by iodinated radiographic contrast media (CM) are rare, but can occur in high risk patients and during percutaneous coronary intervention. To minimize this risk a new nonionic CM with low inherent osmolality has been designed, giving room for a relatively high concentration of favorable electrolytes in the isotonic formulation. Purpose: To test a new radiographic CM (GE-145) in a pig model of cardiotoxicity by comparing its ventricular fibrillation (VF) propensity and hemodynamic effects to that of iodixanol. Material and Methods: Test agents were injected into the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) of pigs through an inflated balloon catheter (injection volume 25 ml, injection rate 0.4 ml/s, maximum injection time 62.5 s). Series 1: GE-145 (338 mg I/ml) + 45 mM NaCl and iodixanol (321 mg I/ml) + 19 mM NaCl were injected in five pigs. Series 2: GE-145 (320 mg I/ml) + 45 mM NaCl + 0.1, 0.3, or 0.7 mM CaCl2 and iodixanol (320 mg I/ml) + 19 mM NaCl + 0.3 mM CaCl2 (Visipaque) were injected in six pigs. Results: Iodixanol + NaCl caused VF in 6 of 13 injections (46%) after 60.3±7.5 s (mean ± SD). GE-145 + NaCl did not cause any VF in 13 injections (0%) ( P<0.05). Iodixanol + 19 mM NaCl + 0.3 mM CaCl2 caused VF in 9 of 9 injections (100%) after 61±4 s. GE-145 + 45 mM NaCl + 0.1, 0.3, or 0.7 mM CaCl2 did not cause any VF during or after 9 injections of each agent (0%) ( P<0.05). The least hemodynamic effects were seen with GE-145 + 45 mM NaCl + 0.7 mM CaCl2. Conclusion: In this model of direct administration of CM into the LAD of anesthetized pigs, the tested GE-145 formulations had a significantly lower propensity to induce VF than iodixanol with electrolytes. Favorable hemodynamic properties of GE-145 can be achieved by optimizing concentrations of sodium and calcium.
Red Dots, Green Dots, Yellow Dots and Blue: Some Reflections on the Vocalisation of Early Qur'anic Manuscripts – Part I
Authors: Dutton Yasin 
Published: August 2010

In this article, which is divided into Parts I and II, we consider the use of coloured dots – primarily red, green, yellow and blue – to indicate vocalisation in early Qur'anic manuscripts. Hitherto, Western scholars have been confused as to the purpose of these dots: from our researches it is clear that red dots indicate the main reading while dots of other colours illustrate various types of variant, including those which are shādhdh (‘irregular’). In this article, we explore the types of variant indicated and their significance for an understanding of the history of the Qur'anic text. Part I consists of a survey of previous literature on this subject, from both European and Arabic sources. This is followed by a detailed examination of the types of variant revealed by fourteen out of twenty-one ‘Kufic’ manuscript fragments in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. The remaining seven fragments are examined in Part II, which also includes an overall analysis of the different types of variant and a general appreciation of their broader significance.
The Qur'anic Narratives of the Golden Calf Episode
Authors: Albayrak Ismail 
Published: August 2010

The ‘golden calf’ episode is discussed in verses Q.20:83-98 and Q.7:148-151. In addition to this there are two short versions in Q.2:51, 54, 92-3 and Q4:153. The same topic also appears in the Bible in Exodus 32. Though the two scriptures' accounts have some points in common they vary in their approaches: the main purposes of the story, the style and tone adopted by the Narrator, its time-span and so on are quite different. This article presents a discussion of the aforementioned Qur'anic narrative. Amongst other things, it approaches the story of Moses and the golden calf systematically, linguistically as well as historically, contrasting its depiction in the Qur'an to that in the Bible. The author also examines interpretations of the relevant verses and/or narrative by both classical and modern exegetes, in order to facilitate a deeper understanding of the Qur'anic presentation of this specific episode.
Syntagmatic Relations in the Qur'anic Text, either Verbally Perceived or Mentally Conceived
Authors: Hassan Tamman 
Published: August 2010

This article endeavours to explore the intricate nature of syntagmatic relations as displayed in Qur'anic texts. This is analysed from both a structurally based perspective and one in which abstract perceptions of the Qur'anic text are formulated. Having set out in detail the context and texture of syntagmatic relations as expanded upon by principal grammarians and philologists of the classical period, the article applies a number of axiomatic definitions of these syntagmatic relations to the exposition of Qur'anic scripture; moreover, the central theme highlighted by this article is the maxim that the Qur'an is a self-explanatory text.
The Interpretation of Qur'anic Text to Promote or Negate the Death Penalty for Apostates and Blasphemers
Authors: O'Sullivan Declan 
Published: August 2010

Sharīca rulings are based on the Qur'an and aḥādīth. It is very interesting to assess how these sources have been interpreted in reference to both defining the crime and establishing the legal sentences of those found guilty of either blasphemy (i.e. sabb Allah, sabb al-rasūl/al-nabī) and/or apostasy (ridda/irtidād) from Islam. This article will attempt to determine whether the death penalty for the act of apostasy can be identified with the Qur'anic text and tafsīr. It will also show how inteipretations both for and against the death penalty have been emphasised through various ahādīth. Analysis of the Qur'an, Qur'anic tafsīr, and ahādīth will lead to an understanding of the development of the different opinions in Islamic jurisprudence regarding the penalty for blasphemy and apostasy. Examples offered include Q.2:217; Q.5:54; Q.9:12; Q.4:89; Q.16:106; Q.3:85 and Q.4:137. Other āyāt dealing with freedom of religious beliefs include Q.22:17; Q.2:256; Q. 109:1–6; Q.88:22–4; Q.10:99 and Q.18:29. It can be argued that a clearer understanding of certain translations and interpretations of the sacred text underlying the sharīca can show that the established legal sentencing owes much to strong political undercurrents, as opposed to a single message revealed in only one, unequivocal interpretation of the Qur'an. The conclusion highlights Islam's tolerance towards ‘Others’ or ‘infidels’, who, while holding the wrong belief systems, nevertheless have the right to peaceful coexistence and mutual respect.
Some Means of Achieving Creativity in the Language of the Qur'an
Authors: Hassan Tammam 
Published: August 2010

Meaning exists on various levels, among them what is based upon knowledge and bound by linguistic and social consensus. Creativity can be achieved by a departure from normal usage through one of the following means: transferring a word into a fresh context, e.g. metaphorical usage; transferring sentence structure into a fresh context, e.g. making an indicative sentence express an imperative; relaxing the rules of meaning – the rules of inflection, morphology, usage of particles, sentence order and structure. The article employs numerous verses of the Qur'an to explain how departure from normal usage achieves excellence in the language and style of the text of the Qur'an.
Engaged Study of the Qur'an: Gauging its Effect on the Life of the Individual and of Society
Authors: al-cUlwānī Ruqayya Ṭā Hā Jābir 
Published: August 2010

An engaged and perceptive contemplation of the Qur'an forms one of the most important bases for the cultural and social advancement of Muslims in all walks of life, and the absence of such study is one of the reasons behind the general cultural attenuation in the modern world. Reflection is one of the means of the construction and formation of a civilised society. The applied faculty of intellect creates an environment which allows reflective and considered thought to be developed from a functional perspective for the general well-being of society. Meanwhile the effective neglect of such study leads to the proliferation of superstition, dissent and social conflict. Indeed it can even be argued that it diminishes the significance of the laws and conventions which serve as the backbone of society. This paper reveals a number of factors which can impede the achievement of such an engaged study of the text: thus, for instance, thoughtless obedience to societal conventions; shortcomings in educational systems and syllabi; and a failure to encompass the significance of the Arabic language. Furthermore this paper presents several effective suggestions for nurturing students' potential, encouraging an environment which allows freedom of thought, and its refinement.