bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Winograd's matrix multiplications
Authors: D'Alberto Paolo , Nicolau Alexandru 
Published: March 2009

Modern architectures have complex memory hierarchies and increasing parallelism (e.g., multicores). These features make achieving and maintaining good performance across rapidly changing architectures increasingly difficult. Performance has become a complex tradeoff, not just a simple matter of counting cost of simple CPU operations.
We present a novel, hybrid, and adaptive recursive Strassen-Winograd's matrix multiplication (MM) that uses automatically tuned linear algebra software (ATLAS) or GotoBLAS. Our algorithm applies to any size and shape matrices stored in either row or column major layout (in double precision in this work) and thus is efficiently applicable to both C and FORTRAN implementations. In addition, our algorithm divides the computation into equivalent in-complexity sub-MMs and does not require any extra computation to combine the intermediary sub-MM results.

We achieve up to 22% execution-time reduction versus GotoBLAS/ATLAS alone for a single core system and up to 19% for a two dual-core processor system. Most importantly, even for small matrices such as 1500 × 1500, our approach attains already 10% execution-time reduction and, for MM of matrices larger than 3000× 3000, it delivers performance that would correspond, for a classic
O
(
n
3
) algorithm, to faster-than-processor peak performance (i.e., our algorithm delivers the equivalent of 5 GFLOPS performance on a system with 4.4 GFLOPS peak performance and where GotoBLAS achieves only 4 GFLOPS). This is a result of the savings in operations (and thus FLOPS). Therefore, our algorithm is faster than any
classic
MM algorithms could ever be for matrices of this size. Furthermore, we present experimental evidence based on established methodologies found in the literature that our algorithm is, for a family of matrices, as accurate as the classic algorithms.
Whole Grain and Legume Acceptability Among Youths With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Gellar Lauren , Rovner Alisha J. , Nansel Tonja R. 
Published: March 2009

Purpose This pilot study investigated the acceptability of whole grain and legume foods in youths with type 1 diabetes and determined demographic and behavioral factors associated with their acceptability. Methods Youths with type 1 diabetes (7.0 to 16.9 years) were recruited during a diabetes camp and completed self-report measures of food acceptability, eating behaviors, and demographics. An overall acceptability score for whole grains and for legumes was calculated as the sum of foods in each category rated as either “tried and liked” or “not tried and willing to try.” Correlations of whole grain and legume acceptability with demographic characteristics were examined. Results One hundred twenty-eight youths participated (70% females, mean age 11.6 ± 2.3 years). Whole grain foods with the highest acceptability were corn bread (85% tried/ liked and 11% willing to try) and whole wheat bread (72% tried/liked and 3% willing to try). Total whole grain acceptability was negatively associated with days per week of fast food consumption (r = —0.21; P < .02) and living in an urban environment (r = −0.24; P < .01). Chili with beans (66% tried/liked and 8% willing to try) and baked beans (57% tried/liked and 19% willing to try) were the legume-containing foods with the highest acceptability. There were no significant associations between demographic factors and total legume acceptability. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the variability in acceptability among whole grains and legumes in youths with type 1 diabetes and the importance of addressing acceptability when counseling youths or designing nutrition interventions to improve consumption of these foods.
The effects of an 'exercise and education' programme on exercise self-efficacy and levels of independent activity in adults with acquired neurological pathologies: an exploratory, randomized study
Authors: Haworth Jo , Young Carolyn , Thornton Everard 
Published: March 2009

Objective: To evaluate the effects of an exercise and education programme on primary outcomes of exercise efficacy and activity levels; and on secondary outcomes including quality of life, mood and physical disability. Design: Randomized, single blind trial. Setting: Specialist neurosciences centre. Participants: Forty-four patients with acquired neurological pathologies. Interventions: Twenty-one participants undertook a four-week exercise and education programme alongside standard follow-up care. Twenty-three participants underwent standard follow-up care alone. Outcome measures: Primary outcome measures included the Exercise Efficacy Scale and Human Activity Profile. Secondary outcomes were evaluated by the Short Form 36 Health Survey, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist, Motricity Index, Frenchay Arm Test, Rivermead Mobility Index, 10-metre timed walk and a visual analogue scale. Data were collected at baseline and at 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Results: At six weeks, significant improvements in exercise efficacy were found following the treatment but not the control (P= 0.001). Moderate improvements in activity levels were noted for both study groups with no between-group differences. Short Form 36 `physical health' and `general health' domains showed trends towards increased positive change following the intervention, but these did not reach significant levels. Mood, physical impairment and physical disability remained unchanged within either study group. Longer term follow-up revealed that the improvements noted in exercise self-efficacy, activity levels and quality of life were maintained. Conclusions: The intervention resulted in improved exercise efficacy and may positively influence the physical and general health dimensions of health-related quality of life.
Elevated antiphospholipid antibody titers and adverse pregnancy outcomes: analysis of a population-based hospital dataset
Authors: Nodler James , Moolamalla Surjit R , Ledger Elizabeth M , Nuwayhid Bahij S , Mulla Zuber D 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
The primary objective of this study was to determine if elevated antiphospholipid antibody titers were correlated with the presence of preeclampsia/eclampsia, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), placental insufficiency, and a prolonged length of stay (PLOS), in women who delivered throughout Florida, USA.

Methods
Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using a statewide hospital database. Prevalence odds ratios (OR) were calculated to quantify the association between elevated antiphospholipid antibody titers and four outcomes in 141,286 women who delivered in Florida in 2001. The possibility that the relationship between elevated antiphospholipid antibody titers and the outcomes of preeclampsia/eclampsia, placental insufficiency, and PLOS, may have been modified by the presence of SLE was evaluated in a multiple logistic regression model by creating a composite interaction term.

Results
Women with elevated antiphospholipid antibody titers (n = 88) were older, more likely to be of white race and not on Medicaid than women who did not have elevated antiphospholipid antibody titers. Women who had elevated antiphospholipid antibody titers had an increased adjusted odds ratio for preeclampsia and eclampsia, (OR = 2.93 p = 0.0015), SLE (OR = 61.24 p < 0.0001), placental insufficiency (OR = 4.58 p = 0.0003), and PLOS (OR = 3.93 p < 0.0001). Patients who had both an elevated antiphospholipid antibody titer and SLE were significantly more likely than the comparison group (women without an elevated titer who did not have SLE) to have the outcomes of preeclampsia, placental insufficiency and PLOS.

Conclusion
This exploratory epidemiologic investigation found moderate to very strong associations between elevated antiphospholipid antibody titers and four important outcomes in a large sample of women.
When is it time for reverse transcription to start and go?
Authors: Mougel Marylène , Houzet Laurent , Darlix Jean-Luc 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Upon cell infection by a retrovirus, the viral DNA polymerase, called reverse transcriptase (RT), copies the genomic RNA to generate the proviral DNA flanked by two long terminal repeats (LTR). A discovery twenty years ago demonstrated that the structural viral nucleocapsid protein (NC) encoded by Gag is an essential cofactor of reverse transcription, chaperoning RT during viral DNA synthesis. However, it is only recently that NC was found to exert a control on the timing of reverse transcription, in a spatio-temporal manner. This brief review summarizes findings on the timing of reverse transcription in wild type HIV-1 and in nucleopcapsid (NC) mutants where virions contain a large amount of newly made viral DNA. This brief review also proposes some explanations of how NC may control late reverse transcription during Gag assembly in virus producer cells.
Microparticle-induced release of B-lymphocyte regulators by rheumatoid synoviocytes
Authors: Messer Laurent , Alsaleh Ghada , Freyssinet Jean-Marie , Zobairi Fatiha , Leray Isabelle , Gottenberg Jacques-Eric , Sibilia Jean , Toti-Orfanoudakis Florence , Wachsmann Dominique 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Introduction
In the present study, we investigated the ability of microparticles isolated from synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis to induce the synthesis and release of key cytokines of B-lymphocyte modulation such as B cell-activating factor, thymic stroma lymphopoietin, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor by rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

Methods
Microparticles were analyzed in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, microcristalline arthritis, and reactive arthritis. In addition, microparticle release after activation from various cell lines (CEM lymphocyte and THP-1 cells) was assessed. Microparticles were isolated by differential centrifugation, and quantitative determinations were carried out by prothrombinase assay after capture on immobilized annexin V. B cell-activating factor, thymic stroma lymphopoietin, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor release was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Microparticles isolated from synovial fluids obtained from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients or microparticles derived from activated THP-1 cells were able to induce B cell-activating factor, thymic stroma lymphopoietin, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor release by rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Conversely, CEM-lymphocytes-derived microparticles generated by treatment with a combination of PHA, PMA and Adt-D did not promote the release of B cell-activating factor but favored the secretion of thymic stroma lymphopoietin and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor by rheumatoid arthritis fibrobast-like synoviocytes. However, microparticles isolated from actinomycin D-treated CEM lymphocytes were not able to induce B cell-activating factor, thymic stroma lymphopoietin, or secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor release, indicating that microparticles derived from apoptotic T cells do not function as effectors in B-cell activation.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that microparticles are signalling structures that may act as specific conveyors in the triggered induction and amplification of autoimmunity. This study also indicates that microparticles have differential effects in the crosstalk between B lymphocytes and target cells of autoimmunity regarding the parental cells from which they derive.
Assessment of cardiac output changes using a modified FloTrac/Vigileo™ algorithm in cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Senn Alban , Button Danny , Zollinger Andreas , Hofer Christoph K 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Introduction
The FloTrac/Vigileo™ (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA) allows pulse pressure-derived cardiac output measurement without external calibration. Software modifications were performed in order to eliminate initially observed deficits. The aim of this study was to assess changes in cardiac output determined by the FloTrac/Vigileo™ system (FCO) with an initially released (FCOA) and a modified (FCOB) software version, as well as changes in cardiac output from the PiCCOplus™ system (PCO; Pulsion Medical Systems, Munich, Germany). Both devices were compared with cardiac output measured by intermittent thermodilution (ICO).

Methods
Cardiac output measurements were performed in patients after elective cardiac surgery. Two sets of data (A and B) were obtained using FCOA and FCOB in 50 patients. After calibration of the PiCCOplus™ system, triplicate FCO and PCO values were recorded and ICO was determined in the supine position and cardiac output changes due to body positioning were recorded 15 minutes later (30° head-up, 30° head-down, supine). Student's t test, analysis of variance and Bland-Altman analysis were calculated.

Results
Significant changes of FCO, PCO and ICO induced by body positioning were observed in both data sets. For set A, ΔFCOA was significantly larger than ΔICO induced by positioning the head down. For set B, there were no significant differences between ΔFCOB and ΔICO. For set A, increased limits of agreement were found for FCOA-ICO when compared with PCO-ICO. For set B, mean bias and limits of agreement were comparable for FCOB-ICO and PCO-ICO.

Conclusions
The modification of the FloTrac/Vigileo™ system resulted in an improved performance in order to reliably assess cardiac output and track the related changes in patients after cardiac surgery.
TLR4/MyD88/PI3K interactions regulate TLR4 signaling
Authors: Laird Michelle H W , Rhee Sang Hoon , Perkins Darren J , Medvedev Andrei E , Piao Wenji , Fenton Matthew J , Vogel Stefanie N 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTLRs activate immune responses by sensing microbial structures such as bacterial LPS, viral RNA, and endogenous “danger” molecules released by damaged host cells. MyD88 is an adapter protein that mediates signal transduction for most TLRs and leads to activation of NF-κB and MAPKs and production of proinflammatory cytokines. TLR4-mediated signaling also leads to rapid activation of PI3K, one of a family of kinases involved in regulation of cell growth, apoptosis, and motility. LPS stimulates phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream target of PI3K, in wild-type (WT) mouse macrophages. LPS-induced phosphorylation of Akt serine 473 was blunted in MyD88−/− macrophages and was completely TLR4-dependent. MyD88 and p85 were shown previously to co-immunoprecipitate, and a YXXM motif within the Toll-IL-1 resistance (TIR) domain of MyD88 was suggested to be important for this interaction. To test this hypothesis, we compared expressed MyD88 variants with mutations within the YXXM motif or lacking the TIR domain or death domain and measured their capacities to bind PI3K p85, MyD88, and TLR4 by co-immunoprecipitation analyses. The YXXM → YXXA mutant MyD88 bound more strongly to p85, TLR4, and WT MyD88 than the other variants, yet was significantly less active than WT MyD88, suggesting that sustained interaction of MyD88/PI3K with the TLR4 intracellular “signaling platform” negatively regulates signaling. We propose a hypothetical model in which sustained PI3K activity at the membrane limits the availability of the PI3K substrate, thereby negatively regulating signaling.
Phase III Study of Gefitinib Compared With Intravenous Methotrexate for Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Stewart J. Simon W. , Cohen Ezra E.W. , Licitra Lisa , Van Herpen Carla M.L. , Khorprasert Chonlakiet , Soulieres Denis , Vodvarka Pavel , Rischin Danny , Garin Avgust M. , Hirsch Fred R. , Varella-Garcia Marileila , Ghiorghiu Serban , Hargreaves Laura , Armour Alison , Speake Georgina , Swaisland Alan , Vokes Everett E. 
Published: March 2009

Purpose To compare survival in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) treated with gefitinib 250 or 500 mg/day or standard methotrexate. Patients and Methods Four hundred eighty-six patients with recurrent SCCHN were randomly assigned to oral gefitinib 250 mg/day, gefitinib 500 mg/day, or methotrexate 40 mg/m2 intravenously weekly. Primary end point was overall survival, secondary end points were objective response rate (ORR), safety, symptom improvement, and quality of life (QOL). Exploratory end points included association of efficacy with epidermal growth factor receptor gene copy number and other biomarkers. Results Neither gefitinib 250 nor 500 mg/day improved overall survival compared with methotrexate (hazard ratio [HR], 1.22; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.57; P = .12; and HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.43; P = .39, respectively). In the gefitinib 250 mg/day, 500 mg/day, and methotrexate groups, respectively, median overall survival was 5.6, 6.0, and 6.7 months; ORRs (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) were 2.7%, 7.6% and 3.9%, with no statistically significant difference between either gefitinib arm and methotrexate. No unexpected adverse events were observed, except for tumor hemorrhage-type events with gefitinib (8.9%, gefitinib 250 mg/day; 11.4%, gefitinib 500 mg/day; 1.9%, methotrexate). QOL improvement rates (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head & Neck total score) were 13.4%, 18.0%, and 6.0% for gefitinib 250 mg/day, 500 mg/day, and methotrexate, respectively. Conclusion In patients with recurrent or metastatic SCCHN, while responses with gefitinib were seen, neither gefitinib 250 nor 500 mg/day improved overall survival compared with methotrexate. With the exception of tumor hemorrhage–type events with gefitinib, the adverse event profiles were generally consistent with those previously observed.
Incidence, Treatment Costs, and Complications of Lymphedema After Breast Cancer Among Women of Working Age: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Shih Ya-Chen Tina , Xu Ying , Cormier Janice N. , Giordano Sharon , Ridner Sheila H. , Buchholz Thomas A. , Perkins George H. , Elting Linda S. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThis study estimated the economic burden of breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL) among working-age women, the incidence of lymphedema, and associated risk factors.MethodsWe used claims data to study an incident cohort of breast cancer patients for the 2 years after the initiation of cancer treatment. A logistic regression model was used to ascertain factors associated with lymphedema. We compared the medical costs and rate of infections likely associated with lymphedema between a woman with BCRL and a matched control. We performed nonparametric bootstrapping to compare the unadjusted cost differences and estimated the adjusted cost differences in regression analysis.ResultsApproximately 10% of the 1,877 patients had claims indicating treatment of lymphedema. Predictors included treatment with full axillary node dissection (odds ratio [OR] = 6.3, P < .001) and chemotherapy (OR = 1.6, P = .01). A geographic variation was observed; women who resided in the West were more likely to have lymphedema claims than those in the Northeast (OR = 2.05, P = .01). The matched cohort analysis demonstrated that the BCRL group had significantly higher medical costs ($14,877 to $23,167) and was twice as likely to have lymphangitis or cellulitis (OR = 2.02, P = .009). Outpatient care, especially mental health services, diagnostic imaging, and visits with moderate or high complexity, accounted for the majority of the difference.ConclusionAlthough the use of claims data may underestimate the true incidence of lymphedema, women with BCRL had a greater risk of infections and incurred higher medical costs. The substantial costs documented here suggest that further efforts should be made to elucidate reduction and prevention strategies for BCRL.
Physician-Related Factors Involved in Patient Decisions to Enroll Onto Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Comis Robert L. , Miller Jon D. , Colaizzi Diane D. , Kimmel Linda G. 
Published: March 2009

Purpose: To examine the attitudes of the public and cancer survivors toward their health-related decisions and cancer clinical trials (CCT) with a particular emphasis on the role of the physician, building on a 2003 report in Journal of Clinical Oncology. Methods: An Internet-based survey was performed in March through April 2005, using a subsample from Knowledge Networks' national probability sample of adults. One sample of 1,027 adults was selected to reflect a cross-section of the public. A second sample of 2,027 cancer survivors was selected from the Knowledge Networks adult panel, representing a probability sample of adult cancer survivors in 2005. Results: Both the public and cancer survivors rely mainly on their physicians as a key source of health-related information; their physicians are the most trusted health-care professional source of health information, although other sources such as the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and professional societies are also rated highly. All three sources rank significantly higher than the other 20 sources examined (P < .05). Only approximately 10% of survivors reported that they were aware of the possibility of CCT participation at the time of their diagnosis, and only 3% reported participation in a CCT. Seventy-three percent of patients aware of a CCT were made aware by a physician. Participation in a CCT was directly related to the level of physician involvement reported by the survivor (P < .01). Conclusion: The physician plays a critical role in CCT recruitment. Future increases in patient participation in a CCT will depend on the willingness of physicians to present, explain, and encourage patient enrollment when a CCT is a clinically relevant treatment approach.
A Balanced Scorecard for State U's Facilities Management Division?*
Authors: Sheehan Norman T. , Vaidyanathan Ganesh , Kalagnanam Suresh 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis case introduces students to building and implementing a balanced scorecard (BSC) in a setting with which they are familiar — cleaning, maintenance, management, and construction of a university's buildings and grounds. Students are asked to construct or critique a BSC for the facilities management division of a university. This may lead to a discussion of the causal linkages implied in the BSC and how one would implement a BSC in a governmental setting.
The effect of bilateral pelvic neurectomy on uterine and abdominal electrical and pressure activity, as measured by telemetry in conscious, unrestrained pregnant rats
Authors: Mackay Lynnette B. , Shi Shao Q. , Garfield Robert E. , Maner William L. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Aims: Bilateral pelvic neurectomy (BPN) interferes with delivery in rats. This work measures the effect of BPN on uterine and abdominal electromyography (EMG) and pressure during gestation and delivery.

Methods: Uterine EMG and intra-uterine pressure (IUP), as well as abdominal muscle EMG and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), were recorded on days 19–24 in rats. Mean values were determined for the peak frequency of the power density spectrum (PDS) of the uterine and abdominal EMG “bursts,” the integral of the abdominal EMG power spectrum (IPS), and the area under the IUP and IAP curves (AUIUP and AUIAP).

Results: Uterine EMG power density spectrum peak frequency and AUIUP were low during days 19–21 in all rats, and on days 22–23 increased sharply and significantly in both groups. Before delivery, sham rat recordings showed sudden sharp increases in AUIAP, AUIUP and IPS as “pushing” was observed. Pushing was not observed or recorded in laboring BPN rats and they did not deliver normally.

Conclusions: A functional pelvic nerve is required for normal labor and delivery in rats. BPN inhibits abdominal EMG and contractions necessary to expel the fetus.