bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Frequency <i>In Vitro</i> Propagation of <i>Adhatoda vasica</i> Nees through Shoot Tip and Nodal Explants Culture
Authors: Khalekuzzaman M , Rahman MS , Rashid MH , Hossain MS 
Published: November 2009

An efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of Adhatoda vasica Nees was established using shoot tip and nodal explants from field grown mature plant. Proliferation of multiple shoots was achieved on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of cytokinins (0.5-4.0 mg/l) and auxins (0.1-1.0 mg/l). Maximum number of shoots per explant (13.0) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l NAA. Among two types of explants used in this study, nodal explants showed better response in respect of multiple shoot production. The elongated shoots were excised and subcultured for rooting on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of auxins (IBA and NAA). Highest 80% rooting was achieved; and three to four roots per shoot were recorded in medium with 1.0 mg/l IBA within 4 weeks of culture. The in vitro raised plantlets were acclimatized and successfully transferred to natural condition in pot. The regenerated plants were healthy, uniform and identical to the donor plants and the survival percentage was 80%. Key words: Micropropagation, Adhatoda vasica, shoot tip, nodal explant. DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3739 J. bio-sci. 16: 35-39, 2008
Callus Induction and Plantlet Regeneration from <i>In Vivo</i> Nodal and Internodal Segments and Shoot Tip of <i>Dalbergia sissoo</i> Roxb.
Authors: Bari MA , Ferdaus KMKB , Hossain MJ 
Published: November 2009

A complete and efficient protocol was developed for in vitro callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from in vivo nodal and internodal segments and shoot tips of sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.). The highest percentage of callus induction (100%) was achieved from nodal segment on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/1 BAP + 0.5 mg/1 NAA. This combination also produced highest fresh weight (5.4 g.) of callus per culture and produced friable green callus. The highest number of shoots (2.4) per explant was recorded on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/1 BAP + 0.5 mg/1 IAA for internode segment. The maximum number of roots (5.1)per shoot was observed in the MS medium having 1.0 mg/1 IBA + 2.0 mg/1 NAA. The well Rooted plantlets were acclimatized and successfully established into soil in the natural condition where 60% plantlets were survived. Keywords: Dalbergia sissoo, nodal segment, internodal segments, shoot tip, callus, embryo, regeneration. DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3740 J. bio-sci. 16: 41-48, 2008
Thyroid function in Bangladeshi Patients with Vitiligo (Sheti)
Authors: Amin Md Ziaul , Rahman Mohd Hafizur , Hassan Parvez 
Published: November 2009

Serum thyroid hormone levels have been assayed to evaluate the thyroid hormonal function in Vitiligo patients of Bangladesh. The levels of TSH, T3 and T4 in the serum of Vitiligo patients have been analyzed in both the male and female subjects. Results of hormonal assay indicated that some hormonal changes occurred in the Vitiligo patients as compared with the healthy control. In female Vitiligo patient's, TSH level was increased remarkably as compared to the control male patients, but T3 and T4 became lower than the normal range whereas, in case of male patients, T4 level was significantly higher than the T3 and TSH level. TSH level was significantly elevated in the female patients compared with the male patients. Key words: Thyroid hormones, Vitiligo, TSH, T3 and T4 levels. DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3749 J. bio-sci. 16: 101-103, 2008
Occurence and Abundance of some Copepods in a Fish Pond in Rajshahi, Bangladesh in relation to the Physico-Chemical Conditions
Authors: Bhuiyan Abdus Salam , Islam MT , Sharmeen R 
Published: November 2009

An investigation was carried out to find out the occurrence and abundance of copepods in relation to physico-chemical parameters in a fish pond within the Rajshahi University Campus, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December, 2006 to September, 2007. A total of 5 genera of copepods of which 2 species belong to Cyclops were identified. Highest density of copepods (768 units/l) was observed in May 2007. Seasonal succession of copepods showed the most abundance in spring, followed by winter, summer and autumn. Correlationship between different physico-chemical parameters and copepods were also analyzed. Key words: Copepod occurrence, physico-chemical parameters, fish pond. DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3752 J. bio-sci. 16: 115-119, 2008
What is the “Equal Weight View”?
Authors: Jehle David , Fitelson Branden 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we investigate various possible (Bayesian) precisifications of the (somewhat vague) statements of “the equal weight view” (EWV) that have appeared in the recent literature on disagreement. We will show that the renditions of (EWV) that immediately suggest themselves are untenable from a Bayesian point of view. In the end, we will propose some tenable (but not necessarily desirable) interpretations of (EWV). Our aim here will not be to defend any particular Bayesian precisification of (EWV), but rather to raise awareness about some of the difficulties inherent in formulating such precisifications.
A Vindication of the Equal-Weight View
Authors: Bogardus Tomas 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTSome philosophers believe that when epistemic peers disagree, each has an obligation to accord the other's assessment the same weight as her own. I first make the antecedent of this Equal-Weight View more precise, and then I motivate the View by describing cases in which it gives the intuitively correct verdict. Next I introduce some apparent counterexamples–cases of apparent peer disagreement in which, intuitively, one should not give equal weight to the other party's assessment. To defuse these apparent counterexamples, an advocate of the View might try to explain how they are not genuine cases of peer disagreement. I examine David Christensen's and Adam Elga's explanations and find them wanting. I then offer a novel explanation, which turns on a distinction between knowledge from reports and knowledge from direct acquaintance. Finally, I extend my explanation to provide a handy and satisfying response to the charge of self-defeat.
Treatment of Pediatric Localized Scleroderma: Results of a Survey of North American Pediatric Rheumatologists
Authors: LI SUZANNE C. , FELDMAN BRIAN M. , HIGGINS GLORIA C. , HAINES KATHLEEN A. , PUNARO MARILYNN G. , O’NEIL KATHLEEN M. 
Published: November 2009

Objective.We surveyed pediatric rheumatologists (PR) in North America to learn how they treat pediatric localized scleroderma (LS), a disease associated with significant morbidity for the growing child.Methods.A Web-based survey was sent to the 195 PR members of the pediatric rheumatology research alliance CARRA (Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance). Members were asked which medications they use to treat LS and which factors modify their treatment strategies. Clinical vignettes were provided to learn the specific treatment regimens used.Results.A total of 158 PR from over 70 clinical centers in the United States and Canada participated in the survey, representing 81% of the CARRA membership. These PR saw over 650 patients with LS in the prior year. Nearly all respondents treated LS with methotrexate (MTX) and corticosteroids; most of them intensify treatment for lesions located on the face or near a joint, and about half intensify treatment for recent disease onset (< 6 months). Most PR reserve topical medications for limited treatment situations. Clinical vignettes showed that PR use a broad range of treatment doses and durations for MTX and corticosteroids.Conclusion.Most PR in North America treat localized scleroderma with a combination of MTX and corticosteroids. However, there is no consensus on specific treatment regimens. There is a need for controlled treatment trials to better determine optimal therapy for this potentially disabling disease.
Prediction of Vertebral Fractures Is Specific for Gender and Site of Bone Mineral Density Measurement
Authors: JACOBS JOHANNES W.G. , DA SILVA JOSÉ A.P. , ARMBRECHT GABRIELE , BIJLSMA JOHANNES W.J. , VERSTAPPEN SUZANNE M.M. 
Published: November 2009

Objective.To investigate basic assumptions of prediction models for future vertebral fractures.Methods.Lateral radiographs of the spine were obtained from 314 Portuguese individuals aged 60 years or older (205 women and 109 men) with bone mineral density (BMD) measurements at several sites. Associations between BMD at various sites, participant characteristics, and vertebral fractures were investigated. For men and women separately, logistic regression analyses and analyses of areas under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to determine the accuracy of BMD measurment at predicting the presence of vertebral deformities.Results.BMD measurements at all sites significantly predicted the presence of osteoporotic vertebral deformities in women but not in men. Similarly, in analyses of areas under ROC curves, BMD assessments were statistically significantly related to vertebral deformities in women but not in men. In multivariate analyses, BMD measurements of the lumbar spine and of the forearm, adjusted for gender, age, and body mass index, significantly predicted the presence of vertebral deformity, but BMD of the hip sites did not.Conclusion.Prediction of fractures is specific for gender and site of BMD measurement. This challenges the use of similar algorithms for men and women as well as the use of hip BMD data to accurately estimate future vertebral fracture risk.
Phosphoinositide and Inositol Phosphate Analysis in Lymphocyte Activation
Authors: Sauer Karsten , Huang Yina Hsing , Lin Hongying , Sandberg Mark , Mayr Georg W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLymphocyte antigen receptor engagement profoundly changes the cellular content of phosphoinositide lipids and soluble inositol phosphates. Among these, the phosphoinositides phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐trisphosphate (PIP3) play key signaling roles by acting as pleckstrin homology (PH) domain ligands that recruit signaling proteins to the plasma membrane. Moreover, PIP2 acts as a precursor for the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol and soluble inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3), essential mediators of PKC, Ras/Erk, and Ca2+ signaling in lymphocytes. IP3 phosphorylation by IP3 3‐kinases generates inositol 1,3,4,5‐tetrakisphosphate (IP4), an essential soluble regulator of PH domain binding to PIP3 in developing T cells. Besides PIP2, PIP3, IP3, and IP4, lymphocytes produce multiple other phosphoinositides and soluble inositol phosphates that could have important physiological functions. To aid their analysis, detailed protocols that allow one to simultaneously measure the levels of multiple different phosphoinositide or inositol phosphate isomers in lymphocytes are provided here. They are based on thin layer, conventional and high‐performance liquid chromatographic separation methods followed by radiolabeling or non‐radioactive metal‐dye detection. Finally, less broadly applicable non‐chromatographic methods for detection of specific phosphoinositide or inositol phosphate isomers are discussed. Support protocols describe how to obtain pure unstimulated CD4+CD8+ thymocyte populations for analyses of inositol phosphate turnover during positive and negative selection, key steps in T cell development. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 87:11.1.1‐11.1.46. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TRAF‐Mediated TNFR‐Family Signaling
Authors: Ha Hyunil , Han Daehee , Choi Yongwon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily consists of a wide variety of cell‐bound and secreted proteins that regulate numerous cellular processes. In particular, TNF‐family proteins regulate the proliferation and death of tumor cells, as well as activated immune cells. This overview discusses the mammalian TNF receptor‐associated factors (TRAFs), of which TRAF1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 have been shown to interact directly or indirectly with members of the TNF receptor superfamily. Structural features of TRAF proteins are described along with a discussion of TRAF‐interacting proteins and the signaling pathways activated by the TRAF proteins. Finally, we examine the phenotypes observed in TRAF‐knockout mice. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 87:11.9D.1‐11.9D.19. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Phylogeographic analysis of paternal lineages in NE Portuguese Jewish communities
Authors: Nogueiro Inês , Manco Licínio , Gomes Verónica , Amorim António , Gusmão Leonor 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe establishment of Jewish communities in the territory of contemporary Portugal is archaeologically documented since the 3rd century CE, but their settlement in Trás‐os‐Montes (NE Portugal) has not been proved before the 12th century. The Decree of Expulsion followed by the establishment of the Inquisition, both around the beginning of the 16th century, accounted for a significant exodus, as well as the establishment of crypto‐Jewish communities. Previous Y chromosome studies have shown that different Jewish communities share a common origin in the Near East, although they can be quite heterogeneous as a consequence of genetic drift and different levels of admixture with their respective host populations. To characterize the genetic composition of the Portuguese Jewish communities from Trás‐os‐Montes, we have examined 57 unrelated Jewish males, with a high‐resolution Y‐chromosome typing strategy, comprising 16 STRs and 23 SNPs. A high lineage diversity was found, at both haplotype and haplogroup levels (98.74 and 82.83%, respectively), demonstrating the absence of either strong drift or founder effects. A deeper and more detailed investigation is required to clarify how these communities avoided the expected inbreeding caused by over four centuries of religious repression. Concerning haplogroup lineages, we detected some admixture with the Western European non‐Jewish populations (R1b1b2‐M269, ∼28%), along with a strong ancestral component reflecting their origin in the Middle East [J1(xJ1a‐M267), ∼12%; J2‐M172, ∼25%; T‐M70, ∼16%] and in consequence Trás‐os‐Montes Jews were found to be more closely related with other Jewish groups, rather than with the Portuguese non‐Jewish population. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plant foods consumed by Pan: Exploring the variation of nutritional ecology across Africa
Authors: Hohmann Gottfried , Potts Kevin , N'Guessan Antoine , Fowler Andrew , Mundry Roger , Ganzhorn Joerg U. , Ortmann Sylvia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIt has been shown that differences in resource density and nutrient supply affect variation in ranging patterns, habitat use, and sociality. Among nonhuman primates, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (P. paniscus) have often been used as models for the link between social system and habitat ecology. Field reports suggest that resource density is higher in habitats occupied by bonobos (compared to chimpanzee habitats), and in the West (compared to the East) of the range of chimpanzees. In this study we compared diet quality at the level of species and populations using information from nutritional analyses of fruit and leaves consumed by chimpanzees (three) and bonobos (one population). Quality of plant foods was assessed on the basis of a) the concentration of macronutrients, fiber, and anti‐feedants, and b) associations of different nutrient components. Overall plant samples collected at each site differed in terms of macronutrient content. However, nutritious quality and gross energy content of food samples were similar suggesting that dietary quality reflects selectivity rather than habitat ecology. The quality of plant foods consumed by bonobos was within the range of chimpanzees and the quality of plant foods consumed by western chimpanzees was not higher than that of eastern chimpanzees. While the results showed significant variation across forests inhabited by Pan, they did not match with geographical patterns between and within Pan species as proposed in previous studies. This suggests that the nutritional quality of the habitat is not always a reliable predictor of the quality of the diet. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ecological stress and linear enamel hypoplasia in Cebus
Authors: Chollet Madeleine B. , Teaford Mark F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAlthough it is assumed that monkeys in some environments experience more nutritional or physiological stress than others, little research has been conducted on this topic. This study examines the relationship between linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) frequency, a physiological indicator of stress, and environmental stressors. To test this relationship, LEH frequencies were calculated for 144 Cebus from 54 locations in Brazil. Habitat, temperature range, and annual rainfall were compared between individuals with and without LEH. The LEH frequency for Cebus from semideciduous forests was significantly higher than that for monkeys from coastal areas, the rainforest, and the savanna (χ2 = 9.97, df = 1; P = 0.0016). A significantly higher LEH frequency was also found for monkeys living in environments with the mean annual temperature between 15 and 18°C than for those in environments greater than 18°C (χ2 = 7.74, df = 1, P = 0.0054). However, no significant difference was found between LEH frequency and annual rainfall (t = 1.22, P = 0.23) or the average difference in rainfall between the driest and wettest months (t = 0.77, P = 0.44). These results indicate that levels of physiological stress can differ among environments and that habitat and temperature, but not precipitation, may be driving the difference in stress levels among environments. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inter‐laboratory control data for reproductive endpoints required in the OPPTS 870.3800/OECD 416 reproduction and fertility test
Authors: Marty M. S. , Allen B. , Chapin R. E. , Cooper R. , Daston G. P. , Flaws J. A. , Foster P. M. D. , Makris S. L. , Mylchreest E. , Sandler D. , Tyl R. W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The U.S. EPA revised the Reproduction and Fertility Effects Test Guideline (OPPTS 870.3800/OECD 416) in 1998, adding numerous endpoints in an effort to incorporate new methodologies, improve the sensitivity for detecting reproductive toxicants, and more efficiently utilize study animals. Many of these new endpoints have not been used in regulatory reproductive toxicology studies prior to their inclusion in the test guidelines; thus, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) initiated the Reproductive Endpoints Project to examine the utility of these new endpoints. METHODS: This report provides a retrospective analysis of 43 multi‐generation studies (16 in Wistar rats, 27 in Sprague‐Dawley rats) conducted according to the latest version of the test guidelines. It focuses on vehicle (negative) control values (means and ranges) for the various endpoints to examine inter‐laboratory variability. RESULTS: Based on the compiled data, the most variable endpoints across laboratories and their associated coefficients of variation (CV) for each generation were: percent abnormal sperm (166–205%), testicular spermatid concentration (126–147%), postimplantation loss (97–104%), primordial follicle counts (69%, only measured in P2 females), and epididymal sperm concentration (52–57%). Absolute and relative prostate and thymus weights, weanling uterine weights, and anogenital distance had CVs of 25–50%. Sources of variability included procedural differences between laboratories, inherent biological variability, and/or small sample sizes for some endpoints. CONCLUSIONS: These inter‐laboratory control data provide a means for laboratories to review their performance on reproductive toxicity measures, and provide perspective for interpreting their own control data and data from treated animals. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 86:470–489, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p63 and its isoforms as markers of rat oral mucosa epidermal stem cells in vitro
Authors: Tao Qian , Qiao Bin , Lv Biao , Zheng Chaoqun , Chen Zhifeng , Huang Hongzhang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAlthough techniques for purifying epidermal stem cells (ESCs) have been established, enriching a pure population of viable ESCs is still a challenging task. One approach toward enhancing the purity and viability of ESCs involves cell markers. While evidence suggests that p63 plays a role in maintaining the population of ESCs, whether p63 can function as a specific marker for ESCs is unclear. We isolated and cultured oral ESCs and illustrated the expression of p63 and its isoforms in rat oral mucosa tissues and stem cells before and after differentiation. Semi‐reverse transcription PCR detected the TA, ΔN, α and β isoforms when cells were cultured for 2 days, but only TA and γ were detected after 14 days. We also found that p63 is expressed in basal and suprabasal epithelial layers of rat oral mucosa, but it was implied p63 does not mark stem cells specifically, while the ΔNp63α and ΔNp63β isoforms may be specific markers of rat oral mucosa stem cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential responses to oxidative stress and calcium influx on expression of the transforming growth factor‐β family in myoblasts and myotubes
Authors: Furutani Yuuma , Murakami Masaru , Funaba Masayuki 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChanges in gene expression of TGF‐β family members and their receptors in response to treatment with H2O2 and a calcium ionophore, A23187, were examined in C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes. The expression of Myf5, an initial regulator of myogenesis, was increased by A23187, and H2O2 inhibited the up‐regulation of Myf5. Treatment with H2O2 decreased the expression of MHC IIb, a protein component of the myofibrils, irrespective of the presence of A23187, suggesting an inhibitory role of oxidative stress for myogenesis. Expression of ligands and receptors for the TGF‐β family was modulated in response to H2O2 and A23187. Treatment with H2O2 decreased expression of TGF‐β3, BMP‐4, ALK4, ALK5, and ActRIIB, and increased expression of inhibin α and inhibin βA in either the myoblast stage or the myotube stage, or both. A23187 potentiated down‐regulation of BMP‐4 and ALK4 expression, and up‐regulation of TGF‐β1, TGF‐β2, inhibin α, inhibin βA, ALK2, and ALK3 expression. These results indicate that oxidative stress and Ca2+ influx affect expression of the TGF‐β family in C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting the 10‐year US Treasury rate
Authors: Baghestani Hamid 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study compares the performance of two forecasting models of the 10‐year Treasury rate: a random walk (RW) model and an augmented‐autoregressive (A‐A) model which utilizes the information in the expected inflation rate. For 1993–2008, the RW and A‐A forecasts (with different lead times and forecast horizons) are generally unbiased and accurately predict directional change under symmetric loss. However, the A‐A forecasts outperform the RW, suggesting that the expected inflation rate (as a leading indicator) helps improve forecast accuracy. This finding is important since bond market efficiency implies that the RW forecasts are optimal and cannot be improved. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.