bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH: Current distribution and predicted geographic expansion of the Rufous‐backed Robin in Mexico: a fading endemism?
Authors: Martínez‐Morales Miguel Angel , Zuria Iriana , Chapa‐Vargas Leonardo , MacGregor‐Fors Ian , Ortega‐Álvarez Rubén , Romero‐Águila Edgar , Carbó Pilar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim The Rufous‐backed RobinTurdus rufopalliatusis a bird endemic to the Pacific slope of Mexico. The species recently established populations in several localities in the Mexican Central Highlands. Based on available data, we modelled the range expansion of the Rufous‐backed Robin in Mexico to understand the pattern, mechanisms and ecological and biogeographic implications of its expansion.Location Mexico.Methods We assessed the species’ presence and habitat requirements at two spatial scales. At the site level, we evaluated the relationship between land use and species presence in an urban environment. At the country level, we generated a niche model. We then produced a dispersion model through the interpolation of points generated from information derived from the niche model, the location of records within and outside its native distribution range, the species’ natural history, habitat requirements and its estimated dispersion rate (4.2 km year−1).Results The dispersion model predicted that the species will significantly increase its distribution range in Mexico in the coming decades. Its expansion would occur by a stepping‐stone colonization of suitable habitat in areas of native vegetation and human settlements. The model predicted that the species should arrive on the Gulf slope of Mexico before 2025.Main conclusions Mechanisms that could explain the species’ success in establishing viable populations outside its native distribution include its dispersion ability, competitive release, the urban heat island phenomenon and the trade of wild birds. The geographic range expansion of the Rufous‐backed Robin will probably create new interactions with other species, particularly with close taxonomic and ecological relatives. The increase in the distribution range of the Rufous‐backed Robin has resulted from direct and indirect human‐induced dispersion; therefore, it cannot be considered a fading endemism. In part of its expanded range (to date the Mexican Central Highlands), it should be considered an invasive alien species.
Use of the GTPγS ([35S]GTPγS and Eu‐GTPγS) binding assay for analysis of ligand potency and efficacy at G protein‐coupled receptors
Authors: Strange Philip G. 
Published: July 2010

In this review I consider assays for G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) activity based on the binding of labelled analogues of GTPγS ([35S]GTPγS or Eu‐GTPγS) to G proteins in tissues (GTPγS binding assays). Such assays provide convenient measures of GPCR activity close to the receptor in the signalling cascade. In order to set up a GTPγS binding assay, the requirements of the assay must be considered. These are tissue source, GTPγS analogue, G protein, GDP, Mg2+/Na+ions, saponin, incubation time. The assay, once optimized, can be used to generate concentration/response curves for GPCRs signalling via Gi/oproteins (or to other G proteins with a modified assay) and actions of agonists, inverse agonists and antagonists may, in principle, be assessed. For agonists and inverse agonists, data for the maximal agonist effect, the concentration of ligand giving a half‐maximal response and the Hill coefficient may be derived. For antagonists, data for the equilibrium dissociation constant can be obtained. The mechanistic basis of the assay is considered. Although the assay can be used to profile ligands, under the conditions it is used, it may not be measuring the same event that determines GPCR action in cells.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed section on Analytical Receptor Pharmacology in Drug Discovery. To view the other articles in this section visithttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2010.161.issue‐6
Intracorporeal Partial Artificial Hearts: Initial Results in Ten Patients
Authors: Norman John C. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTWe have initiated clinical trials with an intracorporeal (abdominal) partial artificial heart during the past year. Ten pre‐terminal, post‐cardiotomy patients have been studied in strict compliance with institutional and federal protocols, including prior informed consent*† We have learned that emergency implantation and subsequent elective removal of the device is feasible. Its hemodynamic effectiveness over a wide range of left ventricular dysfunctions has been demonstrated. Substantial, reproducible, electrocardiographic, hemodynamic and angiographic evidence has been accumulated to support our hypothesis that the human left ventricle can recover from profound depression during prolonged ALVAD support and that an adherent, biocompatible, bioderived pseudo‐neointima develops on the textured surface of the pump within 24 hours following implantation. The device is six to ten times more effective than IABP pumping in man and has maintained systemic perfusion during clinical asystole and ventricular fibrillation. Although there have been no long‐term survivors, in two instances ventricular recovery was sufficient to allow removal of the device six to seven days after implantation. The ultimate causes of death were right ventricular failure and/or extracardiac multiple organ failure. The current limiting factors are overcoming varying degrees of institutional and/or physician reluctance in utilization of the device and earlier deployment prior to the onset of 1) hemorrhagic diatheses which preclude optimal postimplantation anticoagulation regimens (A.S.A., Persantin & Coumadin); 2) right heart failure which closely follows left heart failure; and 3) multiple organ failure which accompanies prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass and is exacerbated by overzealous pharmacologic support. The early results are encouraging; continued, cautious clinical trials seem indicated.
Engineering Aspects of ECMO Technology
Authors: Drinker Philip A. , Lehr John L. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe primary areas of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) technology with engineering components are: biomaterials, oxygenator design, ECMO physiology and total system design. The evolution of ECMO has been largely empirical, with many innovations introduced directly from clinical experience and observation. Major advances are needed in both materials and oxygenator design if current hematologic hazards are to be reduced. Optimization of ECMO systems has not been attempted in any systematic way because the basic physiology is not well enough understood to define the rationales for optimum control and management strategies. Once these strategies have been developed and tested, currently available automation technology can be applied to make the ECMO system simpler and safer for clinical use.
High Flux Hemofiltration
Authors: Bosch Juan P. , Geronemus Robert , Glabman Sheldon , Lysaght Michael , Kahn Thomas , von Albertini Beat 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTExperiments were performed using a new hollow fiber hemofilter. Ultrafiltration rates and whole blood urea clearances were measured in post‐dilution hemofiltration. High ultrafiltration rates were obtained with the new hemofilter. No adverse effects were detected despite filtration fractions above 45%. These experiments suggest that it is possible in post‐dilution hemofiltration to obtain small solute clearances comparable to those of hemodialysis without apparent deleterious effects.
Preparative Isolation of Middle Molecular Weight Fractions from the Hemofiltrate of Patients with Chronic Uremia
Authors: Brunner H. , Mann H. , Essers U. , Schultheis R. , Byrne T. , Heintz R. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTFractions in the molecular weight range of the so‐called middle molecules (500 ‐ 3000 daltons) were isolated on a preparative scale from hemofiltrate of patients. Hemofiltration was performed with an RP‐6 dialyzer using a predilution technique. The hemofiltrate was concentrated and desalinated by reverse osmosis with membranes with a nominal cut‐off of 500 daltons. The retentate was freeze‐dried, redissolved in volatile buffer and fractionated on Sephadex G‐15 macrocolumns. The middle molecule molecular weight range in the elution profiles (detected at 206 and 280 nm simultaneously) was marked with peptides. Isolated fractions in the middle molecule molecular weight range showed strong inhibitory activity upon 3H‐thymidine incorporation into rat bone‐marrow cells in vitro. The described combination of hemofiltration, reverse osmosis and gel chromatography is suggested as a useful approach to the isolation of these ninhydrin‐positive substances which, according to their proved heterogeneity, are to be subfractionated by further procedures.
Digoxin Removal from an Anephric Patient by Hemoperfusion over XAD‐4
Authors: Gibson Thomas P. , Nelson Howard A. , Ivanovich Peter 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTRemoval of digoxin by hemoperfusion over Amberlite XAD‐4 was determined in a functionally anephric patient. During four hours of hemoperfusion, 50.45 μg of digoxin were removed by the column and serum digoxin concentrations decreased by 0.2 ng/ml after the post‐hemoperfusion reequilibration was complete.
Evolution of the Solenoid‐Actuated Left Ventricular Assist System: Integration with a Pusher‐Plate Pump for Intra‐Abdominal Implantation in the Calf
Authors: Portner Peer M. , Oyer Philip E. , Miller Phillip J. , Jassawalla Jal S. , Ream Allen K. , Corbin Steven D. , Skytte Kurt W. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe performance of an implantable left ventricular assist system (LVAS) utilizing a pulsed solenoid energy converter and a pusher‐plate blood pump has been characterized in vitro and in vivo. A microprocessor‐based electronic control system makes the LVAS completely self‐regulating over the range of operating conditions and provides considerable flexibility in various assist modalities.Over forty thousand hours of in vitro and in vivo operating experience has been accumulated with current systems, and significant progress has been achieved in system durability and reliability. A new toggle latch has provided nearly a year of failure‐free operation on the bench, without measurable wear. Energy converter efficiencies of 50% have been demonstrated. In vivo evaluation has been highlighted by an animal experiment still in progress after nearly four months of fault‐free, continuous synchronous pumping.
Removal of Endogenous Middle Molecules by Hemoperfusion
Authors: Asaba Hiroyuki , Bergstrom Jonas , Fürst Peter , Gunnarsson Bo , Neuhauser Monica , OulGst Raymond , Yahieltt Veronique 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTIn four regular dialysis patients, the removal of uremic middle molecules was studied during a threehour hemoperfusion using a column containing 300 gm of activated carbon encapsulated with cellulose.Middle molecules in plasma were determined by high‐speed gel filtration followed by gradient elution chromatography. Different adsorption characteristics were shown for the four middle molecule fractions measured. The initial clearances for middle molecule fractions were about 120 ml/min; clearances were 20–50 ml/min after two hours, and less than 25 ml/min, with release of some middle molecule fractions from the column, after three hours. The findings suggest that saturation of the column occurs after two to three hours of perfusion.Thus, prolongation of the perfusion time beyond two hours appears to be of little benefit. The reduction of middle molecules in plasma by a three‐hour hemoperfusion was, in magnitude, similar to that obtained by three‐hour dialysis with a large surface area dialyzer or high‐flux membrane.
Multi‐Chambered Dialyzers and Their Efficiencies
Authors: Lee Kyu H. , Taylor John A. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe performance of a dialyzer at a given test condition is strongly affected by its design and flow patterns as well as other factors such as membrane permeability, membrane area and liquid‐side resistances.Mathematical solutions that describe multichambered dialyzers in both countercurrent and cocurrent dialysis modes are given. In limiting cases, as the number of chambers approaches infinity, these solutions yield a simple equation which is essentially the solution to a cross‐flow dialyzer in which blood is unmixed and dialysate fluid is mixed. Currently, it is a rather tedious process to obtain a theoretical dialysance value for a cross‐flow dialyzer even though many such dialyzers are widely used. In reality, a dialyzer cannot achieve its theoretical performance level because actual flow patterns and flow distributions are not ideal. The effect of non‐ideality as a percentage of channeling of dialysate fluid was accounted for in the performance calculations of various types of dialyzers. The ideal single‐chambered dialyzer in the countercurrent mode has the highest theoretical performance. Its performance, however, decreases rapidly as the degree of the non‐ideality increases, while multi‐chambered dialyzers are relatively insensitive to deviation from the ideal condition.
Evaluation of the Impact of Ultrafiltration on Dialyzer Clearance
Authors: Weryński Andrzej 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe influence of ultrafiltration on dialyzer clearance is analyzed. As the starting point for the analysis, the known theoretical and experimental expressions for clearance are utilized. The results obtained theoretically are verified with experimental data.ultrafiltration, dialyzer clearance, diffusive clearance, transmittance coefficient
Liver Support Systems: A 1978 Perspective
Authors: Kulbe Klaus D. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe present status of support systems and devices for the injured liver is reviewed with emphasis on both long‐term and short‐term substitution. Longterm replacement can only be possible by the grafting or transplantation of a human and/or other primate liver. Most artificial systems may be applied for short‐term biological and technical substitution, e.g., by hemodialysis/hemoperfusion through adsorbents and resins. More sophisticated devices for detoxification of blood or cell‐free plasma in acute liver failure should combine the catalytic specificity of immobilized microsomal enzymes with the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal, resins and affinity gels.
Regeneration of Dialysate
Authors: van Doorn Albert W. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLarge amounts (250 liters) of dialysate fluid are needed for dialysis of patients with chronic kidney diseases. A reduction of these amounts is obtainable by regeneration. With the Redy® system, in which urea is decomposed by the enzyme urease, only 5.5 liters of dialysate is used. Other systems depending solely on sorption of urea still need excessive amounts of sorbents and no alternative, in the form of stable chemical binding, is available. If, therefore, further reduction of dialysate volume is desired, the problem of urea removal must be solved.
Prediction of Solute Transport During Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Hirszel Przemyslaw , Lasrich Mark , Maher J. Michael , Maher John F. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTSolute transport, predominantly diffusion, across the peritoneum correlates inversely with molecular weight. Provided that the solute is water soluble, not protein bound, not of unusual density, not ionized, does not have a large hydration shell, and is transported from plasma to dialysate, the peritoneal clearance is predictable over the molecular weight range from 60 to 11, 000 daltons. Transport rates that deviate from the predicted can be explained by known physical properties of particular solutes.
Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring During Hernodialysis
Authors: Agishi Tetsuzo , Kaneko Iwakazu , Kumagai Eiji , Ota Kazuo 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTAs the number of patients suffering from circulatory problems increases, continuous blood pressure monitoring during hemodialysis is desirable. Monitoring of the fistulated venous pressure was proven to be a satisfactory substitute for that of the systemic arterial pressure, after fistulated venous pressure had been ascertained to correlate strictly with systemic arterial pressure.Utilization of a double‐lumened cannula, one lumen for blood outflow and another for monitoring of fistulated venous pressure, was established and showed clinical applicability. This principle is considered to be useful not only for blood pressure monitoring, but also for activation of a dialysis machine control system.
Long‐Term ExPerience with the Technique of Subclavian and Femoral Vein Cannulation in Hemodialysis
Authors: Erben Josef , Kvasnička Jiří , BaŠhecký Jan , Groh Jindřich , Zahradník JiřiA , Rozsíval Vladimír , BaŠtecká DráŽa , Fixa Pavel , Kozák Josef , Herout Vladimíh 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTLarge vein cannulation for hemodialysis was used in 1164 patients undergoing dialysis treatment and in an acute dialysis program. Subclavian vein cannulation was utilized in 2494 dialyses, and femoral vein cannulation was used in 2368 dialyses. No significant differences with regard to clinical complications were encountered in either type of cannulation. The mortality rate due to subclavian vein cannulation was 0.12%, while that due to femoral vein cannulation was 0.04%. The main risk of subclavian vein cannulation was arterial bleeding, due to trauma to an artery, and pneumothorax, more likely occurring in asthenic patients or in patients with emphysema. Single‐needle hemodialysis using subclavian or femoral vein cannulation gave the same results as the arteriovenous Cimino fistula. Intermittent or combined use of both types of large vein cannulation is advantageous in long‐term regular dialysis patients that are waiting for a new fistula.
Mass Transfer Characteristics of Hollow‐Fiber Dialyzers and Hemoperfusion Devices
Authors: Cooney David O. , Daly John S. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTClearance versus time tests were carried out on three charcoal‐based hemoperfusion devices (Sandev, Becton‐Dickinson and Gambro) using solutions of 1 gm/L sodium salicylate in a pH 7.4 buffer and in bovine blood at flow rates of 200 rnl/min. Similar tests were performed on a Cordis Dow 2.5 m2 hollow‐fiber dialyzer at a tube side flow rate (Qb) of 200 ml/min. Buffer was pumped through the dialysate side at a flow rate (Qd) of 400 ml/min. Two dialyzers were run in series at Qb= 200 ml/min and Qd = 500 or 1000 ml/min. Mass transfer resistances were computed from the test results. These values are useful in that they constitute an index of the intrinsic initial kinetics of solute transfer in each device. However, the clearance versus time curves indicate that these initial kinetics decrease at different rates for each hemoperfusion unit as sorption capacity begins to be depleted. In contrast, the initial clearances for the dialyzers remain at their initial values. These data reveal much about the relative mass transfer characteristics of these devices.
Counterregulatory System in an Artificial Endocrine Pancreas Glucose Infusion Algorithm
Authors: Yamasaki Yoshimitsu , Shichiri Motoaki , Kawamori Ryuzo , Goriya Yoshikazu , Sasai Tomonori , Morishima Toyohiko , Nomura Makoto , Tohdo Ryohei , Abe Hiroshi 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTAn artificial endocrine pancreas has been developed by adding a glucose infusion system to the artificial beta cell system. In this computer algorithm, glucose is infused on the basis of proportional and derivative actions to blood glucose concentration with the time delay constant between blood withdrawal and initiation of glucose infusion.When glucose was infused on the basis of proportional action with a 20‐minute time delay, the prompt restoration to normoglycemia from the hypoglycemic state with a smaller amount of glucose was shown in depancreatized dogs.These results indicate that the artificial endocrine pancreas thus prepared is not only a useful device to safely control blood glucose, but also is an efficient research tool for the analysis of the blood glucose regulatory mechanism.
Capabilities of the Redyo Cartridge for Regeneration of Hernofiltrate
Authors: Fuchs C. , Dorn D. , Rieger J. , van Doorn A. W. J. , Striebel J. P. , Scheler F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCapabilities of the Redy® cartridge for hemofiltrate regeneration were tested. Electrolytes, creatinine, BUN, uric acid, acid‐base, glucose, heparin, fluoride and amino acids were measured in the cartridge inflow and outflow (V = 70 ml/min) over a four‐hour period. There was complete adsorption of potassium, calcium, magnesium, creatinine, BUN, uric acid, phosphate and heparin. Sodium ions, hydrogen ions, fluoride ions and possibly other trace elements are released by the cartridge. Amino acid absorption is almost complete if the amino acids are aromatic, have two or more N‐atoms or if they have S‐atoms. When using hemofiltrate after sorbent regeneration for reinfusion to the patient, one has to consider electrolyte substitution (i.e., K, Ca, Mg), sodium balance, trace element metabolism, acid‐base problems, amino‐acid profiles and ammonia overload.
Problems of Competition in Charcoal Hemoperfusion for the Treatment of Intoxications
Authors: Gundermann Karl‐Josef , Lie Tschong Su 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTBoth toxic and physiological substances are adsorbed during an extracorporeal hemoperfusion for the treatment of exogenous and endogenous intoxications. Using a closed circuit in uitro, we perfused one liter saline or fresh human plasma with 4425 μmol creatinine, 4854 μmol and 97,086 μmol barbital‐Na, 597 μmol bromthalein, 1942 μmol and 29,126 pmol raffinose, and 200 μmol inulin in different combinations over 70 gm of uncoated charcoal with the following results: 1. The adsorptive capacity of other substances is not influenced by preadsorption of the charcoal with a low or middle molecular weight substance; 2. In the low and middle molecular weight range, there is no competition between two substances in a solution; 3. The simultaneous usage of two substances of middle and high molecular weight, or preadsorption with a high molecular weight substance, reduces the rate of adsorption and the capacity of charcoal for middle molecular weight substances, but not for low molecular weight substances.
High‐Permeability Membrane Hemodialysis and Hernofiltration in Acute Hepatic Coma: Experimental and Clinical Results
Authors: Opolon Pierre 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTA high‐permeability polyacrylonitrile membrane was used for hemodialysis in experimental animals with induced liver ischemia and for acute treatment of 39 patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Measurements were made of amino acids and other relevant compounds; nine patients survived. In long‐term studies, the polyacrylonitrile membrane was used for hemofiltration in ten clinical cases of fulminant hepatic failure and coma. Five patients, including two pregnant women, survived.
Artificial Organs: Thoughts & Progress:Plasma β‐Endorphin Levels In Chronic Schizophrenic Patients and Normal Controls
Authors: Espinosa‐Meléndez Enrique , Lal Samarthju , Nair N. P. Vasavan , Chang Thomas Ming Swi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPlasma β‐endorphin was measured in 35 chronic schizophrenic patients (15.47 ± 15.39 pmol/L) and 3 normal volunteers (19.55 ± 11.23 pmol/L). There was no significant difference between the levels of the two groups.
Influence of Concentration Polarization in Post‐Dilutional Hernofiltration of Human Plasma
Authors: Calderaro V. , Memoli B. , Andreucci V.E. , Drioli E. , Albanese O. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper experimental results relative to human plasma ultrafiltration by means of artificial flat sheet membranes (RP‐6 hemofilters, from RhBne Poulenc) are discussed. The selectivity of the membranes toward radio‐labelled chemical species with various molecular weights (280–60,000) during the plasma ultrafiltration has been determined.Significant changes in membrane rejection, particularly for species with lower MW, have been observed that are attributed to concentration polarization effects. These phenomena may explain clinical observations.