bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and causes of blindness and vision impairment among people 50 years and older in Nepal: A national Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness survey
Authors: Kumar Mishra Sailesh , Shah Ranjan , Gogate Parikshit , Sapkota Yuddha Dhoj , Gurung Reeta , Shrestha Mohan Krishna , Mactaggart Islay , McCormick Ian , Shahi Brish Bahadur , Khandekar Rajiv , Burton Matthew 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
To determine the prevalence and causes of blindness and vision impairment among people 50 years and older in Nepal.

Methods
We conducted seven provincial-level Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) cross-sectional, population-based surveys between 2018–2021. Provincial prevalence estimates were weighted to give nationally representative estimates. Sampling, enumeration, and examination of the population 50 years and older were done at the province level following standard RAAB protocol.

Results
Across seven surveys, we enrolled 33,228 individuals, of whom 32,565 were examined (response rate 98%). Females (n = 17,935) made up 55% of the sample. The age-sex-province weighted national prevalence of blindness (better eye presenting visual acuity <3/60) was 1.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–1.2%), and any vision impairment <6/12 was 20.7% (95% CI 19.9–21.5%). The prevalence of blindness was higher in women than men (1.3% [95% CI 1.1–1.5%] vs 0.9% [95% CI 0.7–1.0%]). Age-sex weighted blindness prevalence was highest in Lumbini Province (1.8% [95% CI 1.3–2.2%]) and lowest in Bagmati Province (0.7% [95% CI 0.4–0.9%]) and Sudurpaschim Province (0.7% [95% CI 0.4–0.9%]). Cataract (65.2%) was the leading cause of blindness in our sample, followed by corneal opacity (6.4%), glaucoma (5.8%) and age-related macular degeneration (5.3%). Other posterior segment diseases accounted for 8.4% of cases. Cataract was also the leading cause of severe vision impairment (83.9%) and moderate vision impairment (66.8%), while refractive error was the leading cause of mild vision impairment (66.5%).

Conclusion
The prevalence of blindness was higher among women than men and varied by province. The Lumbini and Madesh Provinces in the Terai (plains) region had higher prevalence of blindness than elsewhere. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness, severe vision impairment and moderate vision impairment while refractive error was the leading cause of mild vision impairment.
Exploring burnout, perfectionism, and moral injury among UK physiotherapists: A qualitative study on professional fulfilment and well-being
Authors: Skamagki Glykeria , Blackburn Laura , Biggs Daniel , Kolitsida Maria , Black Cameron , Shanmugam Sivaramkumar 
Published: February 2025

Background
Burnout, perfectionism, and moral injury are prevalent issues among healthcare professionals, including physiotherapists. The demanding nature of the profession, compounded by high workloads, emotional and physical exhaustion, and systemic challenges, has significant implications for the well-being and professional satisfaction of physiotherapists. This study aimed to explore these issues, by providing a qualitative exploration of UK physiotherapists’ lived experiences.

Objectives
To explore the lived experiences of UK physiotherapists regarding burnout, perfectionism, and moral injury, and to develop a comprehensive understanding of the personal and professional impacts of these issues to inform the development of effective support systems and interventions.

Methods
This qualitative exploratory study involved semi-structured interviews with 12 UK physiotherapists. Framework approach was used to identify key themes and patterns in the data, providing a nuanced understanding of the challenges faced by physiotherapists.

Results
Four primary themes emerged: (1) Physiotherapy Under Pressure: Workload, Burnout, and Perfectionism, (2) Interpersonal Dynamics and Support Systems, (3) Professional Fulfilment and Identity, and (4) Work-Life Balance and Well-being. Physiotherapists reported high levels of burnout and exhaustion due to relentless workloads, exacerbated by and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Perfectionism further contributed to emotional exhaustion and feelings of inadequacy. Inconsistent management support, bureaucratic challenges, and a lack of career progression opportunities were significant stressors. Effective team dynamics and support systems were crucial in mitigating stress, yet many faced interpersonal challenges such as criticism and bullying. Achieving work-life balance was a persistent struggle, highlighting the need for organisational changes to support flexibility and well-being.

Conclusion
Burnout, perfectionism, and moral injury significantly impact physiotherapists’ well-being and professional satisfaction. Addressing these issues requires systemic changes within healthcare organisations to provide robust support systems, flexible working conditions, and opportunities for professional development.
The impact of carbohydrate quality on gut health: Insights from the NHANES
Authors: Hu Lanshuo , Huang Xuanchun , Liu Shan , Fang Lihui , Zhang Jiaqi , Tang Xudong 
Published: February 2025

Background
High- and low-quality carbohydrate diets are linked to gut health. However, their specific relationship with constipation or diarrhea is unclear. This study uses 2005–2010 NHANES data to examine the relationship between carbohydrate quality and constipation and diarrhea, and to identify suitable populations for different carbohydrate diets.

Methods
Chronic constipation was defined as BSFS types 1 and 2, and chronic diarrhea as types 6 and 7. Dietary intake data were provided by the FPED, using data from the NHANES database. Subjects recalled foods and beverages consumed in the past 24 hours, and intake was averaged and divided into quartiles (Q). After adjusting for covariates, associations between high- and low-quality carbohydrate diets and constipation or diarrhea were assessed using weighted RCS curves and multivariate logistic regression. Results were expressed as weighted ORs and 95% CIs, with subgroup analyses performed.

Results
A total of 11,355 people participated, with 10,488 in the constipation group and 10,516 in the diarrhea group. Multiple regression showed that high-quality carbohydrates were negatively associated with constipation (OR: 0.852, 95% CI: 0.796–0.912, P = 0.0001). Low-quality carbohydrates were positively associated with constipation (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.002–1.018, P = 0.0295). There was no significant direct association between carbohydrate quality and diarrhoea (P = 0.5189, P = 0.8278). Segmented regression results showed a non-significant association between low quality carbohydrate intake above 40.65 servings/day and constipation, while quality carbohydrate intake above 3.84 servings/day was not significantly associated with diarrhoea. Subgroup analyses showed differences in carbohydrate quality and constipation or diarrhoea across populations.

Conclusions
High-quality carbohydrates lowered constipation risk by 33.7% and reduced diarrhea risk with intake up to 3.84 servings/day. In contrast, low-quality carbohydrates increased constipation risk by 83.4%, with risk stabilizing beyond 40.65 servings/day. These effects varied across groups, suggesting that better carbohydrate quality supports gut health, especially in sensitive individuals.
Promoting the implementation of clinical decision support systems in primary care: A qualitative exploration of implementing a Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO)-guided decision support system in asthma consultations
Authors: Morton Kate , Santillo Marta , Van Velthoven Michelle Helena , Yardley Lucy , Thomas Mike , Wang Kay , Ainsworth Ben , Tonkin-Crine Sarah 
Published: February 2025

Background
Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can promote adherence to clinical guidelines and improve patient outcomes. Exploring implementation determinants during the development of CDSSs enables intervention optimisation to promote acceptability, perceived appropriateness and fidelity during subsequent implementation. This study sought to explore how clinicians perceive the use of a CDSS which makes recommendations for asthma management based on factors including Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide testing, and how CDSSs can be designed to promote their implementation.

Methods
Twenty-three interviews were conducted with clinicians to explore perceptions about the CDSS. Participants included asthma nurses, pharmacists, General Practitioners and respiratory nurse specialists involved in conducting asthma reviews in primary care. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
Three themes were developed: Appreciating the recommendations of the CDSS, whilst wanting to retain control; Doubt about appropriateness of CDSS recommendations, especially when you can’t see how they were produced; and Potential for the CDSS to increase patients’ trust and adherence to their treatment. Clinicians perceived the CDSS could help them prioritise management options and consider broader factors relating to patients’ asthma symptoms, but it was important to be able to override the recommendation. Lack of transparency over how recommendations were generated and concern about appropriateness of recommendations for specific patients led to uncertainty about adhering to the CDSS. Clinically tailored recommendations were perceived to help reassure patients and/or to support their adherence to asthma management.

Conclusions
Even small changes to the content of CDSS recommendations, such as explaining how recommendations were generated and showing they are consistent with guidance, may help to overcome barriers to acceptability and perceived appropriateness for clinicians. Focusing on implementation during the development of CDSS interventions is worthwhile to help reduce the evidence-practice gap.
Investigating the safety of physical rehabilitation with critically ill patients receiving vasoactive drugs: An exploratory observational feasibility study
Authors: Woodbridge Huw R. , Alexander Caroline M. , Brett Stephen J. , Antcliffe David B. , Chan Ee Lyn , Gordon Anthony C. 
Published: February 2025

Background
Physical rehabilitation of critically ill patients may improve physical outcomes; however, the relative benefits and risks with patients requiring vasoactive drugs is currently unknown. A feasibility study is needed to inform the design of a future trial required to address this issue.

Methods
A two-phase exploratory observational feasibility study was carried out:

A retrospective study to clarify the current practice of rehabilitation with patients receiving vasoactive drugs to inform future trial interventions and design.

A prospective study exploring recruitment and outcome measurement. Intensive care patients receiving vasoactive drugs were recruited and asked about the acceptability of a future trial. The feasibility of using an adverse event tool was measured during rehabilitation. Patients were followed up after 60 days to describe the feasibility of measuring outcomes for a future trial.

Results
Retrospective study (n = 78): Twenty-one percent of patients took part in physical rehabilitation whilst receiving vasoactive drugs. Of 321 days with vasoactive drugs administered, physical rehabilitation occurred on 27 days (8%).
Prospective study (n = 40): Eighty-one percent of participants indicated acceptability of being recruited into a future trial (n = 37). Eighty-eight percent of clinicians found it acceptable to randomise patients into either early rehabilitation or standard care. The adverse event tool was implemented by researchers with 2% loss of information. Finally, a 100% follow-up rate at day 60 was achieved for mortality outcomes. Follow-up rates were 70% for the EQ-5D (5 level), 65% for the World Health Organisation’s Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 and RAND 36-item Health Survey 1.0 and 26% for the 6-minute walk test.

Conclusions
This study found a low frequency of physical rehabilitation occurring with intensive care patients receiving vasoactive drugs. A high proportion of clinicians and patients found a future RCT within this patient group acceptable. Mortality and patient-reported outcomes were the most feasible to measure.
Effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) as an adjunctive therapy in distinct stages of patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gu Jin-Min , Zhang Shu-Nan , Xiao Si-Yao , Jia Ming-Yue , Tu Jian-Feng , Han Gui-Ling 
Published: February 2025

Background
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to millions of infected cases and deaths worldwide. Clinical practice and clinical trials in China suggested that integrated Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and conventional Western monotherapy (ICW) have achieved significant clinical effectiveness in treating COVID-19 patients.

Objectives
This article aims to systematically evaluate the effects of ICW in treating patients at distinct stages of COVID-19. The most frequently used components of the CHM formulas have been summarized to define the most promising drug candidates.

Methods
In this meta-analysis, seven databases up to May 20, 2024, were systematically searched to collect relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies (CSs). Difference in mean (MD) or ratio risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was utilized for data processing analysis.

Results
A total of 46 studies, consisting of 24 RCTs and 22 CSs, and 10492 patients were included. ICW group showed significant improvement over the conventional Western monotherapy (CWM) group at all stages of COVID-19 patients. ICW therapy was effective in improving recovery rate of chest CT (RR = 1.21, 95%CI [1.13,1.29]), shortening negativity time of nucleic acid (MD = -2.14,95% CI [-3.70, -0.58]), suppressing the transition of mild/moderate patients into severe conditions (RR = 0.45, 95% CI [0.33,0.62]), and reducing mortality (RR = 0.45, 95% CI [0.37,0.55]) for severe/critical COVID-19. Furthermore, compared with severe/critical patients, mild/moderate COVID-19 patients proved more effective after being treated with ICW therapy. They had a higher recovery rate of chest CT manifestations (75.4% vs. 69.1%), shorter negativity time of nucleic acid (9.21 d vs. 14.89 d), reduced time to clinical symptom reduction (3.85d vs. 11d) and shortened days of hospital stays (15.9d vs 19.1d). As for inflammatory markers analysis, ICW regimens decreased the level of lymphocytes in mild/moderate and severe/critical patients (MD = -0.15, 95% CI [-0.18, -0.13]), but no statistical difference was observed in white blood cell count and neutrophils count (MD = 0.02, 95% CI [-0.14, -0.18]; MD = 0.22,95% CI [-0.7, 1.15], respectively). A different tendency was found in the C-reactive protein level, which significantly decreased at the early stage of COVID-19 in the ICW group (MD = 2.56, 95%CI [1.28,3.83]).

Conclusion
This meta-analysis demonstrates the significant superiority of ICW over single western monotherapy in improving clinical efficacy at distinct stages of Chinese COVID-19 patients. Subgroup analysis further showed that the earlier intervention of CHM may contribute to a better therapeutic effect.

Trial registration
PROSPERO ID: CRD42023401200.
Teledentistry—Dental students’ preparedness and patients’ experiences
Authors: Math Swarna , Nga Janice Diong Li , Lim Huey Fen , Amin Maryam , Pacheco-Pereira Camila 
Published: February 2025

Objectives
To explore dental students’ preparedness, experiences and confidence levels in utilizing teledentistry (TD) for patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine the dental needs and experiences of patients receiving treatment from dental students through TD.

Methods
Two online surveys were administered through Google Forms, incorporating both five-point Likert scales and open-ended questions alone for the student questionnaire. The patient questionnaire, available in English and Mandarin, was distributed during or after teleconsultations. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data.

Results
Out of 125 students, 88% (N = 110) were contacted by 318 patients. Of them, 79.1% reported no telecommunication problems, 91.8% faced no language barriers, and 87.2% encountered no technological barriers. Most students (67.3%) agreed they would need further training in TD. Low confidence levels were observed among 26.3% of students in managing crowns and bridges and among 18.2% of students in managing mucosal conditions. From the patient perspective, 76.4% contacted the students via WhatsApp Messages and 21.0% used the Voice Call mode. About 44.0% of patients enquired about the next available appointment. Their most common concern was tooth pain (15.1%) followed by denture problems (9.1%), chipped fillings (6.6%), and crowns and bridge problems (6.3%). Overall, 82% patients reported effective communication during teleconsultation, 85% were satisfied with the questioning process, and expressed satisfaction with the diagnoses provided. However, 10% of patients chose to ignore their concerns, and 5% sought assistance from medical practitioners.

Conclusion
Most dental students were confident in addressing patient concerns but recognized the need for additional training for managing complex cases. Both students and patients reported positive experiences with TD, including effective communication and satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of integrating TD training into dental curricula, addressing technical and privacy concerns, and improving patient education for secure and effective TD use in routine care.
Perception of students about primary science classes of GPS of Bangladesh
Authors: A K M Obaydullah Dr. 
Published: February 2025

According to the record most of the PEC examination, the quality of science was the below among other subjects. Even internal examination results also showed the same picture. Students cannot achieve satisfactory level of the competency of science. This study analysis revealed varies dimensions of the studentsâ€™ perceptions that relate to different aspects of the teacherâ€™s pedagogy and the learning environment created by the teachers, like: student center learning, class Environment, use of teaching aids and modern equipments, positive attitude of teacher, feedback, etc. The study was qualitative and quantitative in nature. It was decided to select samples from Dhaka and Gazipur district under the Dhaka division of Bangladesh. Total 40 government primary schools (GPS) selected from the selective area. For this study, data collected from 80 student focus group discussion (FGD) by questionnaire method from 40 different GPS. Also 80 science classes were observed for realizing actual teaching-learning situations and document study. Most of the school hasnâ€™t use of multimedia, modern class room, library and science equipment. Utmost of the teachers never used teaching aids. Students always needed help from others. Maximum students don't interaction with the teacher in the classrooms. At the annual and PEC examinations of 2018 the students who failed in different subjects, they also failed in science. The study recommended that student teacher ratio should be reduced by appointing new teacher, quality based supervision should be improved. Science subject training are much needed for all school. Science class time should be increase.Â Â Â
Fractional order models of infectious diseases: a review
Authors: Khalil M. , Said M. , Osman H. , Ahmed B. , Ahmed D , Younis N , Maher B , Osama M , Ashmawy M 
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to present a succinct review on fractional order models of infectious diseases. Fractional order derivative is a potential tool which gives a better understanding of the impact of memory on spread of infectious diseases. This paper reviews different infectious diseases models with constant, variable or complex fractional order. Fractional order models with time delay are presented in this paper as well. We argue that, such models are essential for decision makers in health organizations.Â Â Â
The essence of capital in economics
Authors: KoÅ›nik Anita 
Published: February 2025

Capital is one of the most important economic categories of modern market economy, related to the economic activity of entities. The concept of "capital" is a very complex, controversial issue, it exists in many meanings and contexts. Has many definitions. Nowadays, we can call everything capital because it is an abstract term. Capital is an essential element of any enterprise. It can be classified in different ways. It is most often grouped into physical, financial and human capital. Human capital is one of the most important factors influencing the development of a company, so it also has a strong impact on the development of national economies. This article presents the definition of human capital by G. Åukasiewicz.Â Â
Applying nanocarbon prepared from coal as an anode in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Huong Do Tra , Van Tu Nguyen , Linh Ha Xuan , Hien Lan Nguyen Thi , Dung Nguyen Quoc , Nhuong Chu Manh , Long Nguyen Khanh , Vuong Truong Xuan , Tran Thi Kim Ngan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Carbon materials is a commonly used electrode material because of its low cost, good conductivity, and structure that allows lithium ions to intercalate between layers in the carbon network. In this article, carbon nanomaterials (CP) have been successfully manufactured from Vietnamese coal. CP is a two-dimensional, leaf-shaped nanomaterial with a specific surface area of 16.7799 m2·g−1. In the symmetric supercapacitor system, the CP electrode has a high specific capacitance rate of 275 F·g−1 with a current density of 0.1 A·g−1, an energy density of 6.4 W h·kg−1 g−1, and outstanding cyclic stability with capacitance retention of 83.1% after 1,000 cyclic voltammetry curves in 6 M potassium hydroxide electrolyte solution. When using the CP electrode as the anode in a lithium-ion battery (LIB) with a solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and diethyl carbonate at 1:1:1 (v/v/v) ratio and concentration of 1.0 M. LIB has a specific capacity of 336.0 mA h·g−1 at C/10 and 425.5 mA h·g−1 at C/20 (C = 372 mA h·g−1). When discharged, the CP electrode operates stably and can integrate Li ions well. Therefore, excellent electrochemical performance verifies the potential of nanocarbon materials production from coal on a large scale for high-performance anode in LIBs.
Research using GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) products – a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Maciejewska Aleksandra , Maciuk Kamil 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) products, including satellite orbit and clock corrections, ionospheric and tropospheric delay models, and multi-frequency data, are fundamental to modern geodesy and numerous scientific and industrial applications. The exploitation of these products facilitates the achievement of precise positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) across a diverse range of fields, including transportation, geodesy, agriculture, and disaster management. Nevertheless, numerous challenges remain, including signal degradation due to multipath effects, atmospheric interference, and vulnerabilities to jamming and spoofing. Recent developments seek to address these limitations and enhance the utility of GNSS products. International collaboration, spearheaded by organizations such as the International GNSS Service (IGS), is crucial for standardizing and distributing GNSS products, facilitating global accessibility and addressing challenges such as climate monitoring and disaster resilience. This review emphasizes the indispensable role of GNSS products in advancing science and industry, highlights persistent challenges, and explores innovative solutions that promise to enhance their accuracy, resilience, and accessibility for addressing global needs.