bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention-driven bias for threat-related stimuli in implicit memory. Preliminary results from the Posner cueing paradigm
Authors: Traczyk Jakub , Matusz Paweł , Sobków Agata 
Published: June 2011

Attention-driven bias for threat-related stimuli in implicit memory. Preliminary results from the Posner cueing paradigm
An implicit memory advantage for angry faces was investigated in this experiment by means of an additional cueing task. Participants were to assess the orientation of a triangle's peak, which side of presentation was cued informatively by angry and neutral face stimuli, after which they immediately completed an unexpected "old-new" task on a set of the previously presented faces and new, distractor-faces. Surprisingly, the RTs were similarly long on the invalid trials for angry and neutral facial cues in the Posner task. However, performance on the "old-new" task was better for angry than neutral faces. A strong correlation between RTs in angry-invalid trials and confidence ratings for these angry faces was observed only in highly reactive participants. These results suggest that presentation of threatening material can induce enhanced incidental encoding which can result in stronger familiarity for such material, and this effect is driven by attentional bias in highly reactive individuals.
The assessment of the fear of being laughed at in Poland: Translation and first evaluation of the Polish GELOPH<15>
Authors: Chłopicki Władysław , Radomska Anna , Proyer René , Ruch Willibald 
Published: June 2011

The assessment of the fear of being laughed at in Poland: Translation and first evaluation of the Polish GELOPH<15>
The main aim of the paper was to translate and, for the first time, evaluate the Polish GELOPH<15>. This is a 15-item questionnaire for the subjective assessment of gelotophobia, the fear of being laughed at. Gelotophobia is seen as an individual differences phenomenon at a sub-clinical level. The psychometric properties of the Polish version were tested in two independently collected samples with a total N of 506 participants. The Polish GELOPH<15> yielded good psychometric properties in terms of high reliability in both samples. The fear of being laughed at existed widely independently from the participants' age, sex, or marital status (being married or living with a partner vs. being single or not living with a partner). The Polish GELOPH<15> can be seen as a reliable instrument for the subjective assessment of gelotophobia for research and practical applications.
Composite Structure of Personal Networks, Age, and Well-being in Poland
Authors: Nowak Krzysztof , Duda Tomasz 
Published: June 2011

Composite Structure of Personal Networks, Age, and Well-being in Poland
Traditionally aging research focused on the disintegration of social ties, however it has recently been observed that whom we contact has a larger impact on well-being (Cacioppo et al., 2009). The authors used data from the Social Networks II module of the International Social Survey Programme to investigate the role of social network components in successful aging. A factor analysis on 1221 Polish participants revealed 4 factors that were interpreted as: close, medium, and distant family, and friends. Well-being variables were most strongly related to contact with distant family, while SS variables were most strongly related to friends. Given SS was strongly related to distant family, while perceived SS was strongly related to close family. All family contacts decreased with age, though only distant family contacts were proactively managed. These results indicate the importance of distant family in Poland, in contrast to other countries.
Experimental approach of the single pedestrian-induced excitation
Authors: Kala J. , Bajer M. , Barnat J. , Smutný J. 
Published: June 2011

Experimental approach of the single pedestrian-induced excitationPedestrian-induced vibrations are a criterion for serviceability. This loading is significant for light-weight footbridge structures, but was established as a basic loading for the ceilings of various ordinary buildings. Wide variations of this action exist. To verify the different conclusions of various authors, vertical pressure measurements invoked during walking were performed. In the article the approaches of different design codes are also shown.
Engineering-geological conditions of the effect of a landslide from mining activity
Authors: Marschalko M. , Hofrichterová L. , Lahuta H. 
Published: June 2011

Engineering-geological conditions of the effect of a landslide from mining activityThe paper deals with a slope deformation in Řepiště (Paskov), which is located between the towns of Ostrava and Frýdek Místek; Řepiště is situated in the Ostrava-Karviná District within the reach of the effects of mining activity. The deformation involves the Paskov Mine, which is the only active mine in the Ostrava section of the district. The study included mapping complemented with a geophysical survey using resistance tomography; along with the information obtained from the inspection, it provided an overview of the engineering-geological conditions of the slope deformation. The interpretation of the data obtained identified a very complicated structure, including several levels of slip surfaces. The landslide is thus a textbook example of slope movements with a very complicated geological structure occupying an extensive spatial area in the mining landscape and affecting the stability of a road running directly through its body.
Roof top extensions for multifamily houses in Slovakia
Authors: Szekeres K. 
Published: June 2011

Roof top extensions for multifamily houses in SlovakiaIn the countries of the European Union with the exception of Malta, approximately 100.1 million multifamily dwelling units are situated. These dwellings count for an average of 47.5% of the total housing stock in European Union countries. At present in Slovakia and also other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, there are vast housing areas which were built after World War II. Slovakia's multifamily housing stock was privatized during the 1990s. Considering that the economy of Slovakia is not capable of replacing the existing housing fund, which is located in the multifamily houses that were built after World War II, it is necessary to place an increased emphasis on the renovation of this housing fund. The expenditures for the refurbishment of multifamily housing stock in recent decades, when compared with the demand, have been at a very low level. The main problems involving the current multifamily housing stock in Slovakia are: the need for modernization, the low level of energy efficiency, and the insufficient level of building maintenance. One of the options for creating sufficient sources for the renovation of apartment buildings is to utilize the roofs of apartment buildings as construction areas for building additional floors (over - roofing). The means acquired from the sale of the new floors after deducting the costs can be used for renovation. It is a matter of a one-time possibility, which is limited by many factors that depend on the localization and constructive technical solutions for apartment buildings.This article is an outcome of the SuReFit "Sustainable Roof Extension Retrofit for High-Rise Social Housing in Europe" international research project.
Analysis of the development of a hydrological balance for future decades in the Senianska depression in the Eastern Slovak lowland
Authors: Tegelhoffová M. 
Published: June 2011

Analysis of the development of a hydrological balance for future decades in the Senianska depression in the Eastern Slovak lowlandThe goal of the article was to analyze the hydrological balance for future decades in a pilot area in the Eastern Slovak lowland. The aim was to set up the physically-based Mike SHE hydrological model for the modeling hydrological balance in the selected wetland ecosystem in the Eastern Slovak Lowland. The pilot area - the Senianska depression is located near the village of Senne, between the Laborec and Uh Rivers. Specifically, it is a traditional landscape of meadows, marshes, cultivated soil, small water control structures and forests. To get a complete model set up for simulating elements of the hydrologic balance in the pilot area, it was necessary to devise a model for a larger area, which includes the pilot area - the Senianska depression. Therefore, both the Mike SHE model was set up for the Laborec River basin (a model domain of 500 × 500 m) and the Čierna voda River basin (a model domain of 100 × 100 m), for the simulation period of 1981-2007, is order to get the boundary conditions (overland flow depth, water levels, discharges and groundwater table) for the model of the pilot area. The Mike SHE model constructed for the pilot area - the Senianska depression (a model domain of 1 × 1 m) -was used to simulate the elements of the hydrological balance for the existing conditions during the simulation period of 1983-2007 and for climate scenarios for the simulation period of 1983-2100. The results of the simulated elements of the hydrological balance for the existing conditions were used for a comparison of the evolution of the hydrologic conditions in the past, for identifying wet and flooded areas and for identifying the spatial distribution of the actual evapotranspiration in the pilot area. The built-up model with setting values was used for modeling the hydrological balance in changed conditions - climate change.
Measuring the Harm of Illicit Drug Use on Friends and Family
Authors: Melberg Hans Olav , Hakkarainen Pekka , Houborg Esben , Jääskeläinen Marke , Skretting Astrid , Ramstedt Mats , Rosenqvist Pia 
Published: June 2011

AIMS This paper explores different approaches to quantify the human costs related to drug use. DATA AND METHODS The data come from a representative survey of 3092 respondents above the age of 18 in four Nordic capitals: Copenhagen, Helsinki, Oslo and Stockholm. Results The results show that in most Nordic capitals more than half of the respondents at some time have known and worried about the drug use of somebody they know personally. Moreover, while the average reported harm was about 2 on a scale from 0 to 10, a significant minority (10%) of those knowing drug users indicated that the harm was above 5. Conclusions Many persons have at some time personally known somebody who uses drugs. This causes significant human harm and should be included in the estimate of the social cost of illegal drugs. These results are relevant in the debate on the size of the drug problem as well as for targeting groups that experience the highest costs.
In Control and out of Control. The Discourse on Intoxication among Young Finnish Women in the 1980s and 2000s
Authors: Simonen Jenni 
Published: June 2011

AIMS The article focuses on the discourse on intoxication and its changes among young women in Finland. According to surveys, drinking among Finnish women has been rising for decades. Especially young women have been in the front line in the raise of drinking and intoxication-oriented drinking. However, statistics are not able to explain the factors behind this change. What has happened to women's attitudes and connotations related to binge drinking during the past decades? How do young women in their twenties perceive being drunk and how has the description of their relationship to this condition changed over the last 20 years? Methods and Data To explore these questions, the present article compares interview materials concerning drinking collected among young adults in 1985 and 2005/2007. The article analyses how young women identify themselves with intoxication in these periods and how the way in which women describe this relationship has changed in the meantime. Results The greatest change has to do with how young women regard drunkenness while presenting themselves. Whereas in the 1985 material young women distanced themselves from binge drinking, 20 years later they identify themselves strongly with it. The analysis shows that this development illustrares that both the significance of drunkenness in itself and the way in which drinking-related self-expression has changed. Conclusions The results relate to the changes in Finnish drinking culture which have been more pronounced in the case of women than men as well as the change of acceptable and desirable images of femininity.
Activity of Monoamine Oxidases in Rat Female Genital Organs During Preimplantation Period of Pregnancy
Authors: Mihalik J. , Kravcukova P. , Hodorova I. , Vecanova J. , Rybarova S. 
Published: June 2011

Activity of Monoamine Oxidases in Rat Female Genital Organs During Preimplantation Period of PregnancyOur objectives in the present study were to determine the activity of monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO AB) in rat ovary, oviduct and uterus during preimplantation period of pregnancy. It should help us to clarify and better understand possible involvement of both MAO enzymes in the reproductive process. Pregnant females were killed employing a lethal dose of thiopental on the first (D1), on the third (D3), and on the fifth (D5) days of pregnancy. Rats were perfused transcardially with the PBS to rinse out of the body as much blood as possible. Ovaries, oviducts and uteri were immediately removed and stored until the measurement was done. MAO activity was determined by fluorescent monoamine oxidase detection kit. In the ovaries we have found the highest MAO activity at D3, followed by D1, and the lowest levels were recorded at D5 of pregnancy. In the oviducts, the highest MAO activity was detected again at D3, followed by D5, and by D1 of pregnancy. But statistical analysis did not reveal any difference between individual days of pregnancy nor in the ovaries, neither in uterine tubes. Uteri were the only organs, in which statistically significant differences were detected (p<0.001). The highest activity of MAO was observed at D5, followed by D1, and by D3 of pregnancy. Potential mechanisms responsible for the changed MAO activity in gonads during preimplantation period of pregnancy are proposed.
Evaluation of Surfactant Function: In Vitro and In Vivo Techniques in Experimental Respirology
Authors: Calkovska A. , Mokra D. 
Published: June 2011

Evaluation of Surfactant Function: In Vitro and In Vivo Techniques in Experimental Respirology
Pulmonary surfactant is present as the thin film of surface active material in the terminal airspaces and conducting airways. The major function of the surfactant film is to reduce the surface tension at the alveolar surface. Deficiency or dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant cause severe respiratory diseases that make the study of pulmonary surfactant not only of physiological but also of clinical importance.
There are three main categories of methods for assessing the properties of pulmonary surfactant: in vitro, in situ and in vivo techniques. Pulsating bubble surfactometer (PBS) and captive bubble surfactometer (CBS) enables to study surfactant properties at spherical air-liquid interphase. Capillary surfactometer in contrast to alveolar models mimics the human terminal airways and evaluates surface properties required for airway patency. Each of above-mentioned methods enables to study exogenous surfactants, as well as surface activity of lavage fluids or tracheal aspirates.
Biophysical characteristics should be reflected by lung compliance and, as a consequence, by improved blood oxygenation. Various animal models have been developed to evaluate the efficacy of surfactant replacement therapy on preterm and term animals. In vivo models can be divided in those, primarily involving surfactant deficiency, such as premature animal model, and those with secondary surfactant dysfunction or inactivation, such as meconium or acid aspiration models.
This review is restricted to the in vivo and in vitro techniques handled by the authors in their research performed within the last years at both domestic and external laboratories.
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Treatment of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Authors: Mokra D. , Mokry J. , Calkovska A. 
Published: June 2011

Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Treatment of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a major cause of respiratory distress in both the term and post-term neonates. Obstruction of the airways, dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant, inflammation, lung edema, pulmonary vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction participate in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Since the inflammatory changes associated with meconium aspiration cause a severe impairment of the lung parenchyma including surfactant and influence the reactivity of both vascular and airway smooth muscle, administration of anti-inflammatory drugs may be of benefit also in the management of MAS. This article reviews effects of various anti-inflammatory drugs used in experimental models of MAS as well as in the treatment of newborns with meconium aspiration.
Quantification of Nonlinear Features in Cardiovascular Signals
Authors: Javorka M. , Tonhajzerova I. , Turianikova Z. , Chladekova L. , Javorka K. , Calkovska A. 
Published: June 2011

Quantification of Nonlinear Features in Cardiovascular Signals
The analysis of spontaneous heart rate and blood pressure oscillations under standardized conditions is a rapid, sensitive, noninvasive and reproducible tool for the assessment of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. Since the heart and vessels are controlled by a nonlinear deterministic system, measures derived from nonlinear systems theory are increasingly used in cardiovascular variability analysis. New nonlinear methods with applicability to real biological signals are continuously developed to quantify new aspects of cardiovascular signals with the potential to reveal subtle changes in the cardiovascular control system. Nonlinear measures provide complementary information about qualitative features of the analyzed signal. Since the analysis of variability magnitude and signal nonlinear characteristics (complexity, recurrences, time irreversibility, etc.) can provide independent information on cardiovascular system control, we suggest that simultaneous use of both groups of measures can increase the information value and thus improve the sensitivity and reliability of the detection and monitoring of the cardiovascular system dysregulation during various pathological conditions.
Time Irreversibility of Heart Rate Oscillations During Orthostasis
Authors: Chladekova L. , Turianikova Z. , Tonhajzerova I. , Calkovska A. , Javorka M. 
Published: June 2011

Time Irreversibility of Heart Rate Oscillations During Orthostasis
Introduction: Time irreversibility is a characteristic feature of non-equilibrium, complex systems involving cardiovascular control mediated by autonomic nervous system. Its analysis in heart rate variability (HRV) signal represents a new approach to assess cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms. The purpose of this paper was to assess the changes in various time irreversibility indices during the orthostatic test (a balance of autonomic nervous system shifted towards sympathetic predominance). In addition, we tested the behaviour of the selected irreversibility indices in relation to different lengths of analysed data and their mutual dependence.

Methods: We examined the irreversibility of HRV time series obtained from 28 healthy young subjects recorded during 20 minutes in the supine position followed by 15 minutes in the standing position. We used three different time irreversibility indices - Porta's, Guzik's and Costa's indices (P%, G% and A, respectively). The proposed irreversibility indices were derived from data segments containing 300, 600 and 1000 beat-to-beat intervals.

Results: Two of three time irreversibility indices (P% and A) were sensitive to the shift in sympathovagal balance during the orthostatic challenge even when calculated from the shortest data length. Indices were relatively insensitive to data length - there were no significant differences in relation to data length. Despite the difference in algorithms for the calculation of indices P% and A, these are closely mathematically related and do not provide mutually independent information.

Conclusion: We conclude that heart rate irreversibility indices are sensitive to the changes in autonomic tone after the orthostatic challenge even when derived from the 300 interbeat intervals. Porta's index seems to be more sensitive to autonomic nervous balance shift compared to Guzik's index. Costa's index is closely related to P% and do not provide any additional information compared to other indices.
Cardiac Vagal Control in Depression and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Tonhajzerova I. , Ondrejka I. , Javorka K. , Calkovska A. , Javorka M. 
Published: June 2011

Cardiac Vagal Control in Depression and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
The importance of the vagus nerve in the two way communication between the brain and the heart has been known for over 100 years. Recently, integrative theories that link central nervous system structures to cardiac vagal regulation, such as the polyvagal theory, have of late emerged. Based on the polyvagal theory, the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (as an index of cardiac vagal control) is considered as a psychophysiological marker of many aspects of behavioural functioning and emotion regulation in both children and adults. Although a lack of sensitive heart rate autonomic control likely reflects impaired cardiac nervous system regulation, the sophisticated brain-heart interactions are incompletely understood. Importantly, cardiac vagal dysregulation is associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity reflecting various pathophysiological states. Thus, we believe that the identifying of cardiac vagal control changes in mental disorders should represent an initial step towards the understanding of a potential pathomechanisms leading to later cardiac adverse outcomes; especially in children and adolescents.
A new snow thermodynamic scheme for large-scale sea-ice models
Authors: Lecomte Olivier , Fichefet Thierry , Vancoppenolle Martin , Nicolaus Marcel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper assesses the capabilities of a new one-dimensional snow scheme developed for the thermodynamic component of the Louvain-la-Neuve sea-Ice Model (LIM). the model is validated at Point Barrow, Alaska, and at Ice Station Polarstern (ISPOL) in the western Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean. the new snow thermodynamic scheme leads to better snow internal temperature profiles, with a set-up-dependent increase in the correlation between simulated and observed temperature profiles. on average over all runs, these correlations are 27% better with the six-layer configuration. the model’s ability to reproduce observed temperatures improves with the number of snow layers, but stabilizes after a threshold layer number is reached. the lowest and highest values for this threshold are 3 (at Point Barrow) and 6 (at ISPOL), respectively. Overall, the improvement of the model’s ability to simulate sea-ice thickness is not as significant as for snow temperature, probably because of the rather crude representation of the snow stratigraphy in the model.