Abstract 2005: The evolutionarily conserved gene expression signatures SPARC and SPP1 are genetic determinants of progression from Barrett's esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kim Soo Mi , Kim Sang-Bae , Park Eun Sung , Park Yun-Yong , Cho Jae Yong , Buttar Navtej S. , Wang Kenneth K. , Lee Jeffrey H. , Bhutani Manoop S. , Wu Xifeng , Izzo Julie , Ajani Jaffer A. , Lee Ju-Seog 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is thought to arise from the metaplastic condition known as Barrett's esophagus (BE), which is caused by chronic inflammation due to gastroesophageal reflux disease. Since the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of EAC are unknown, understanding EAC development mechanisms and their regulation is crucial for the treatment of EAC.
Comparative genomic studies of evolutionarily similar and dissimilar species have been suggested as a means of studying the evolutionary biology in the species. Thus, we performed a cross-species comparison of gene expression patterns in human and rat tissues, uncovering the evolutionarily conserved gene expression patterns during EAC progression across both species. Using a non-carcinogenic rat model that progresses from normal esophagus to BE to EAC, we were able to identify the biological mechanisms of EAC development.
We analyzed gene expression data from rat specimens (15 NE, 18 BE, and 30 EAC) as well as from human tissues (28NE, 72BE, and 75EAC). Using the presence of orthologous genes in both microarray platforms and various statistical tests, we uncovered a number of genes whose expression patterns were well conserved during progression from NE to BE in humans and rats. The expression of 869 genes was commonly altered when NE progressed to BE in both humans and rats (P&lt;0.005). One of the most significantly conserved signaling pathways during the progression from NE to BE was IL-6-mediated E2F transcription factor1 (E2F1). The increased E2F1 induced activation of CCNA2, CCNB2, CCND1, CCNE 1 and 2, CDC 2 and 6, CASP3, CASP6, CASP8, CASP9, and Rad 51, which are important genes for the regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair. These up-regulated genes may consequently cause abnormal cell cycle regulation and induce dysplasia and metaplasia of normal esophagus tissue during NE to BE progression.
During BE to EAC progression in both species, 541 gene expressions were altered (P&lt;0.005). An increased TGF-β/RAS/SPI1 signaling pathway significantly increased the expression of SPARC and SPP1 during progression from BE to EAC. Increased SPP1 and SPARC activated MMP9, CCL2, CCL4, COL1A1, COL3A1, and SNAL1, which mostly function in invasion, cell adhesion, and migration. Intriguingly, SPP1 and SPARC already had been discovered in our previous study (Kim et al.,) as markers of poor prognosis for EAC patients, strongly indicating that SPP1 and SPARC are also genetic determinants for progression to EAC.
In conclusion, systems-level characterization of gene expression data from humans and a rodent model shows evolutionarily conserved genes and pathways during EAC progression, and these genes and pathways could become reliable biomarkers for early detection, or therapeutic targets for the treatment of EAC patients.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2005.