bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thoughts on the Bioethics of Estranged Biological Kin
Authors: Cassidy Lisa 
Published: January 2012

This paper considers the bioethics of estranged biological kin, who are biologically related people not in contact with one another (due to adoption, abandonment, or other long‐term estrangement). Specifically, I am interested in what is owed to estranged biological kin in the event of medical need. A survey of current bioethics demonstrates that most analyses are not prepared to reckon with the complications of having or being estranged biological kin. For example, adoptees might wonder if a lack of contact with biological kin could someday affect their medical care (or affect the medical care of their biological relatives).Estranged biological kin, such as adoptees, present us with a chance to think about human connection. After sketching several organ‐donation and adoption tropes, I argue that a feminist analysis of vulnerability and dependency is helpful for understanding the confusing ties of estranged biological kin. I conclude by proposing a medical registry that would put adoptees and others in touch with their estranged biological kin on a medically as‐needed basis.
Antiepileptic drug selection for people with HIV/AIDS: Evidence‐based guidelines from the ILAE and AAN
Authors: Birbeck Gretchen L. , French Jacqueline A. , Perucca Emilio , Simpson David M. , Fraimow Henry , George Jomy M. , Okulicz Jason F. , Clifford David B. , Hachad Houda , Levy for the Quality Standards subcommittee of the American René H. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryA joint panel of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) and the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) convened to develop guidelines for selection of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) among people with HIV/AIDS. The literature was systematically reviewed to assess the global burden of relevant comorbid entities, to determine the number of patients who potentially utilize AEDs and antiretroviral agents (ARVs), and to address AED–ARV interactions. Key findings from this literature search included the following: AED–ARV administration may be indicated in up to 55% of people taking ARVs. Patients receiving phenytoin may require a lopinavir/ritonavir dosage increase of approximately 50% to maintain unchanged serum concentrations (Level C). Patients receiving valproic acid may require a zidovudine dosage reduction to maintain unchanged serum zidovudine concentrations (Level C). Coadministration of valproic acid and efavirenz may not require efavirenz dosage adjustment (Level C). Patients receiving ritonavir/atazanavir may require a lamotrigine dosage increase of approximately 50% to maintain unchanged lamotrigine serum concentrations (Level C). Coadministration of raltegravir/atazanavir and lamotrigine may not require lamotrigine dosage adjustment (Level C). Coadministration of raltegravir and midazolam may not require midazolam dosage adjustment (Level C). Patients may be counseled that it is unclear whether dosage adjustment is necessary when other AEDs and ARVs are combined (Level U). It may be important to avoid enzyme‐inducing AEDs in people on ARV regimens that include protease inhibitors or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors because pharmacokinetic interactions may result in virologic failure, which has clinical implications for disease progression and development of ARV resistance. If such regimens are required for seizure control, patients may be monitored through pharmacokinetic assessments to ensure efficacy of the ARV regimen (Level C).
Intracranial extramedullary hematopoiesis in patients with thalassemia: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Eskazan Ahmet Emre , Ar Muhlis Cem , Baslar Zafer 
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND: Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH) is a compensatory phenomenon that results in the production of blood cell precursors outside the marrow in patients with chronic hemolytic anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis. EH usually involves the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. It can also be found at paravertebral, intrathoracic, or pelvic locations. Intracranial EH is a rare entity and often asymptomatic but can sometimes lead to symptomatic tumor‐like masses. Treatment options are controversial and include hypertransfusion, surgical excision, radiotherapy, and hydroxyurea (HU).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Successful treatment of an intracranial EH mass with HU and blood transfusions in a beta‐thalassemia major patient was discussed along with a review of the published literature on intracranial EH in thalassemia.RESULTS: In our patient, the extramedullary hematopoietic mass in the interhemispheric fissure showed a marked improvement after 6 months of HU and hypertransfusion therapy. In the English literature, there are a few cases with intracranial EH and thalassemia, which were treated with different treatment modalities, with different outcomes.CONCLUSION: There is no standard treatment approach in patients with symptomatic EH. HU with hypertransfusion regimen is a reasonable first‐choice modality in treating intracranial EH masses.
Diclofenac and 2‐anilinophenylacetate degradation by combined activity of biogenic manganese oxides and silver
Authors: Meerburg Francis , Hennebel Tom , Vanhaecke Lynn , Verstraete Willy , Boon Nico 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe occurrence of a range of recalcitrant organic micropollutants in our aquatic environment has led to the development of various tertiary wastewater treatment methods. In this study, biogenic manganese oxides (Bio‐MnOx), biogenic silver nanoparticles (Bio‐Ag0) and ionic silver were used for the oxidative removal of the frequently encountered drug diclofenac and its dechlorinated form, 2‐anilinophenylacetate (APA). Diclofenac was rapidly degraded during ongoing manganese oxidation by Pseudomonas putida MnB6. Furthermore, whereas preoxidized Bio‐MnOx, Bio‐Ag0 and Ag+ separately did not show any removal capacity for diclofenac, an enhanced removal occurred when Bio‐MnOx and silver species were combined. Similar results were obtained for APA. Finally, a slow removal of diclofenac but more rapid APA degradation was observed when silver was added to manganese‐free P. putida biomass. Combining these results, three mechanisms of diclofenac and APA removal could be distinguished: (i) a co‐metabolic removal during active Mn2+ oxidation by P. putida; (ii) a synergistic interaction between preoxidized Bio‐MnOx and silver species; and (iii) a (bio)chemical process by biomass enriched with silver catalysts. This paper demonstrates the use of P. putida for water treatment purposes and is the first report of the application of silver combined with biogenic manganese for the removal of organic water contaminants.
Sport category is an important determinant of cardiac adaptation: an MRI study
Authors: Luijkx Tim , Cramer Maarten J , Prakken Niek H J , Buckens Constantinus F , Mosterd Arend , Rienks Rienk , Backx Frank J G , Mali Willem P Th M , Velthuis Birgitta K 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundPhysiological cardiac adaptation in athletes is influenced by body surface area, gender, age, training intensity and sport type. This study assesses the influence of sport category and provides a physiological reference for sport category and gender.MethodsThree hundred and eighty-one subjects (mean age 25±5 years, range 18 to 39 years; 61% men) underwent cardiac MRI and ECG: 114 healthy non-athletes (≤3 training h/week) and 267 healthy elite athletes (mean 17±6.6 training h/week). Athletes performed low-dynamic high-static (LD-HS, n=42), high-dynamic low-static (HD-LS, n=144) or high-dynamic high-static sports (HD-HS, n=81).ResultsLeft ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (EDV) index (ml/m2) for non-athletes/LD-HS/HD-LS/HD-HS, respectively, was 101/107/122/129 in men and 90/103/106/111 in women. LV end-diastolic mass (EDM) index (g/m2) for non-athletes/LD-HS/HD-LS/HD-HS was, respectively, 47/49/57/69 for men and 34/38/42/51 for women. Left or right ventricular EDV ratios were alike in all groups. LV EDV/EDM ratios were similar in non-athletes/LD-HS/HD-LS athletes, and only lower in HD-HS athletes, disproving selective ventricular wall thickening in LD-HS athletes. Multivariate linear regression demonstrated HD-LS and HD-HS sport category coefficients (p<0.01) larger than those of training hours, gender and age (LV EDV/EDM coefficients for sport category LD-HS 6/0.75, HD-LS 16/7, HD-HS 21/17). ECG abnormalities were most frequent in HD-HS athletes and in male subjects.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a balanced cardiac adaptation with preserved ratios of LV/right ventricular volume (in all sport categories) and LV volume/wall mass (in LD-HS and HD-LS sports). Sport category has a strong impact on cardiac adaptation. HD-HS sports show the largest changes, whereas LD-HS sports show dimensions similar to non-athletes.
Improved production of biohydrogen in light-powered Escherichia coli by co-expression of proteorhodopsin and heterologous hydrogenase
Authors: Kim Jaoon YH , Jo ByungHoon , Jo Younghwa , Cha HyungJoon 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Solar energy is the ultimate energy source on the Earth. The conversion of solar energy into fuels and energy sources can be an ideal solution to address energy problems. The recent discovery of proteorhodopsin in uncultured marine γ-proteobacteria has made it possible to construct recombinant Escherichia coli with the function of light-driven proton pumps. Protons that translocate across membranes by proteorhodopsin generate a proton motive force for ATP synthesis by ATPase. Excess protons can also be substrates for hydrogen (H2) production by hydrogenase in the periplasmic space. In the present work, we investigated the effect of the co-expression of proteorhodopsin and hydrogenase on H2 production yield under light conditions.

Results
Recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3) co-expressing proteorhodopsin and [NiFe]-hydrogenase from Hydrogenovibrio marinus produced ~1.3-fold more H2 in the presence of exogenous retinal than in the absence of retinal under light conditions (70 μmole photon/(m2·s)). We also observed the synergistic effect of proteorhodopsin with endogenous retinal on H2 production (~1.3-fold more) with a dual plasmid system compared to the strain with a single plasmid for the sole expression of hydrogenase. The increase of light intensity from 70 to 130 μmole photon/(m2·s) led to an increase (~1.8-fold) in H2 production from 287.3 to 525.7 mL H2/L-culture in the culture of recombinant E. coli co-expressing hydrogenase and proteorhodopsin in conjunction with endogenous retinal. The conversion efficiency of light energy to H2 achieved in this study was ~3.4%.

Conclusion
Here, we report for the first time the potential application of proteorhodopsin for the production of biohydrogen, a promising alternative fuel. We showed that H2 production was enhanced by the co-expression of proteorhodopsin and [NiFe]-hydrogenase in recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3) in a light intensity-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that E. coli can be applied as light-powered cell factories for biohydrogen production by introducing proteorhodopsin.
FDA Advise-ERR: FDA Approves Hydromorphone Labeling Revisions to Reduce Medication Errors;Differentiating Penicillin from Penicillamine;Infusion Reconnected to the Wrong Patient;Spell Out Acetaminophen on Prescription Labels
Authors: Michael R. Cohen , Judy L. Smetzer 
Published: January 2012

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Ticagrelor
Authors: Dennis J. Cada , Levien Terri L. , Danial E. Baker 
Published: January 2012

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The January 2012 monograph topics are on clobazam, ruxolitinib, bupivacaine liposome injection suspension, ivacaftor, and teriflunomide. The DUE/MUE is on clobazam.
Constitutive Activation of Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II during Development Impairs Central Cholinergic Transmission in a Circuit Underlying Escape Behavior inDrosophila
Authors: Kadas Dimitrios , Tzortzopoulos Athanasios , Skoulakis Efthimios M. C. , Consoulas Christos 
Published: January 2012

Development of neural circuitry relies on precise matching between correct synaptic partners and appropriate synaptic strength tuning. Adaptive developmental adjustments may emerge from activity and calcium-dependent mechanisms. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has been associated with developmental synaptic plasticity, but its varied roles in different synapses and developmental stages make mechanistic generalizations difficult. In contrast, we focused on synaptic development roles of CaMKII in a defined sensory-motor circuit. Thus, different forms of CaMKII were expressed with UAS-Gal4 in distinct components of the giant fiber system, the escape circuit ofDrosophila, consisting of photoreceptors, interneurons, motoneurons, and muscles.The results demonstrate that the constitutively active CaMKII-T287D impairs development of cholinergic synapses in giant fiber dendrites and thoracic motoneurons, preventing light-induced escape behavior. The locus of the defects is postsynaptic as demonstrated by selective expression of transgenes in distinct components of the circuit. Furthermore, defects among these cholinergic synapses varied in severity, while the glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions appeared unaffected, demonstrating differential effects of CaMKII misregulation on distinct synapses of the same circuit. Limiting transgene expression to adult circuits had no effects, supporting the role of misregulated kinase activity in the development of the system rather than in acutely mediating escape responses. Overexpression of wild-type transgenes did not affect circuit development and function, suggesting but not proving that the CaMKII-T287D effects are not due to ectopic expression. Therefore, regulated CaMKII autophosphorylation appears essential in central synapse development, and particular cholinergic synapses are affected differentially, although they operate via the same nicotinic receptor.
The Regulation of Filamentous Growth in Yeast
Authors: Cullen Paul J , Sprague George F 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFilamentous growth is a nutrient-regulated growth response that occurs in many fungal species. In pathogens, filamentous growth is critical for host–cell attachment, invasion into tissues, and virulence. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes filamentous growth, which provides a genetically tractable system to study the molecular basis of the response. Filamentous growth is regulated by evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways. One of these pathways is a mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. A remarkable feature of the filamentous growth MAPK pathway is that it is composed of factors that also function in other pathways. An intriguing challenge therefore has been to understand how pathways that share components establish and maintain their identity. Other canonical signaling pathways—rat sarcoma/protein kinase A (RAS/PKA), sucrose nonfermentable (SNF), and target of rapamycin (TOR)—also regulate filamentous growth, which raises the question of how signals from multiple pathways become integrated into a coordinated response. Together, these pathways regulate cell differentiation to the filamentous type, which is characterized by changes in cell adhesion, cell polarity, and cell shape. How these changes are accomplished is also discussed. High-throughput genomics approaches have recently uncovered new connections to filamentous growth regulation. These connections suggest that filamentous growth is a more complex and globally regulated behavior than is currently appreciated, which may help to pave the way for future investigations into this eukaryotic cell differentiation behavior.
Calculation of Expected Body Weight in Adolescents With Eating Disorders
Authors: Le Grange Daniel , Doyle Peter M. , Swanson Sonja A. , Ludwig Kali , Glunz Catherine , Kreipe Richard E. 
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the agreement between three methods to calculate expected body weight (EBW) for adolescents with eating disorders: (1) BMI percentile, (2) McLaren, and (3) Moore methods.

METHODS:
The authors conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline information from adolescents seeking treatment of disordered eating at The University of Chicago. Adolescents (N = 373) aged 12 to 18 years (mean = 15.84, SD = 1.72), with anorexia nervosa (n = 130), bulimia nervosa (n = 59), or eating disorder not otherwise specified (n = 184). Concurrence between the BMI percentile, McLaren, and Moore methods was assessed for agreement above or below arbitrary cut points used in relation to hospitalization (75%), diagnosis (85%), and healthy weight (100%). Patterns of absolute discrepancies were examined by height, age, gender, and menstrual status. Limitations to some of these methods allowed comparison between all 3 methods in only 204 participants.

RESULTS:
Moderate agreement was seen between the 3 methods (κ values, 0.48–0.74), with pairwise total classification accuracy at each cut point ranging from 84% to 98%. The most discrepant calculations were observed among the tallest (&gt;75th percentile) and shortest (&lt;20th percentile) cases and older ages (&gt;16 years). Many of the most discrepant cases fell above and below 85% EBW when comparing the BMI percentile and Moore methods, indicating disagreement on possible diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.

CONCLUSIONS:
These methods largely agree on percent EBW in terms of clinically significant cut points. However, the McLaren and Moore methods present with limitations, and a commonly agreed-upon method for EBW calculation such as the BMI percentile method is recommended for clinical and research purposes.
Oscillations of difference equations with general advanced argument
Authors: Chatzarakis George , Stavroulakis Ioannis 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Consider the first order linear difference equation with general advanced argument and variable coefficients of the form
$$\nabla x(n) - p(n)x(\tau (n)) = 0, n \geqslant 1,$$
where {p(n)} is a sequence of nonnegative real numbers, {τ(n)} is a sequence of positive integers such that
$$\tau (n) \geqslant n + 1, n \geqslant 1,$$
and ▿ denotes the backward difference operator ▿x(n) = x(n) − x(n − 1). Sufficient conditions which guarantee that all solutions oscillate are established. Examples illustrating the results are given.
Review of Ukrainian Species of the Genus Meliboeus (Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Agrilinae)
Authors: Prokhorov A. 
Published: January 2012

Review of Ukrainian Species of the Genus Meliboeus (Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Agrilinae)
Five Ukrainian species of the genus Meliboeus are reviewed and keyed and the data on their distribution in the Palaearctic Region and Ukraine, examined material and larval host plants are given. A poorly known species Meliboeus morawitzi (Semenov, 1905) is redescribed.
Lead‐Oriented Synthesis: A New Opportunity for Synthetic Chemistry
Authors: Nadin Alan , Hattotuwagama Channa , Churcher Ian 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe pharmaceutical industry remains solely reliant on synthetic chemistry methodology to prepare compounds for small‐molecule drug discovery programmes. The importance of the physicochemical properties of these molecules in determining their success in drug development is now well understood but we present here data suggesting that much synthetic methodology is unintentionally predisposed to producing molecules with poorer drug‐like properties. This bias may have ramifications to the early hit‐ and lead‐finding phases of the drug discovery process when larger numbers of compounds from array techniques are prepared. To address this issue we describe for the first time the concept of lead‐oriented synthesis and the opportunity for its adoption to increase the range and quality of molecules used to develop new medicines.
Medial plica syndrome: A review of the literature
Authors: Bellary Sharath S. , Lynch Garret , Housman Brian , Esmaeili Ehsan , Gielecki Jerzy , Tubbs R. Shane , Loukas Marios 
Published: January 2012

AbstractKnee pain is a very common complaint seen in the clinical setting. A torn medial meniscus, osteochondral defects, inflammation, or an irritated medial plica are some of the most common causes of medial knee pain. Plicae are synovial invaginations that are believed to be remnants of the embryological development of the knee. They have a potential to become inflamed and symptomatic. Diagnosis of medial plica syndrome involves physical exam and imaging studies, but the current gold standard is arthroscopy and therefore a definitive diagnosis cannot be made until surgery. As such, medial plicae are the most commonly missed diagnoses in the knee as it is purely a clinical diagnosis. Medial plica syndrome can be treated with physiotherapy, corticosteroid injections, or surgery. Overall, good outcomes have been seen following diagnosis and treatment of medial plica syndrome, with patients returning to their preferred levels of activity. This article reviews the topic of medial plica syndrome. Clin. Anat. 25:423–428, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.