bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibromyalgia: From treatment to rehabilitation
Authors: Imamura Marta , Cassius David A. , Fregni Felipe 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFibromyalgia is a clinical syndrome of chronic widespread pain and reduced pain thresholds to palpation. The pathophysiology remains unknown, but there is increasing evidence that peripheral and central sensitization cause an amplification of sensory impulses that may alter pain perception in fibromyalgia patients. Interventions to treat fibromyalgia should aim at different targets simultaneously in order to reduce peripheral and central sensitization. There are both pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic approaches with evidence for effectiveness in the treatment of fibromyalgia and its associated symptoms. Evidence from randomized trials and meta‐analyses shows that partial and short‐term improvements in fibromyalgia symptoms can be achieved with low doses of antidepressants and with physical activity such as aerobic and strengthening exercises. A multidimensional approach which emphasizes education and integration of exercise and cognitive behavior therapy improves quality of life and reduces pain, fatigue and depressive symptoms when measured on a short term basis. More recently, trials have shown the neuromodulators gabapentin and pregabalin to be effective in reducing pain and improving quality of sleep in fibromyalgia. In addition, small trials of noninvasive brain stimulation have also shown benefits in reducing pain in fibromyalgia. It is essential to keep in mind that some important clinical conditions can mimic and overlap with fibromyalgia and should always be ruled out by a complete history, physical examination and appropriate laboratory testing.
Immediate and enduring effects of neonatal isolation on maternal behavior in rats
Authors: Kosten Therese A. , Kehoe Priscilla 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPreviously, we showed that neonatal isolation (1‐h isolation/day from dam, litter, and nest on PND 2–9) facilitates cocaine self‐administration and increases extracellular dopamine responses in ventral striatum after stimulant administration in adulthood. Recent studies suggest that enduring alterations in neurobehavioral responses associated with early life manipulations reflect changes in maternal behavior. Thus, we sought to determine if neonatal isolation alters maternal care and if dams with neonatal isolation experience as pups showed differential maternal care towards their pups. In Experiment 1, litters were assigned to one of three conditions: neonatal isolation, handled (5‐min separation of dam from litter), or non‐handled (no separation). Maternal behaviors were rated on PND 2–9 for 60‐min immediately following reunion of mother and litter. In Experiment 2, female rats with or without neonatal isolation experience were assigned to either the neonatal isolation or non‐handled litter condition and maternal behaviors rated. Dams of isolated and handled litters spent more time licking pups and less time picking up pups to put outside the nest than dams of non‐handled litters. Further, dams of isolated and handled vs. non‐handled litters showed less non‐maternal behaviors of burrowing and grooming. Neonatal isolation‐experienced dams with isolated litters failed to increase pup‐licking and decrease non‐maternal behaviors. Rather, these dams picked up pups to place outside the nest more than non‐handled‐experienced dams. Neonatal isolation alters maternal behavior that, in turn, may shape neurobehavioral responses of offspring including effects on maternal care. Such changes may reflect epigenetic effects resulting from changes in maternal behavior.
Understanding control and utilizing Control Theory in the science and practice of CBT
Authors: Mansell Warren 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis editorial introduces the special issue of The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist on Control Theory and CBT. The various routes through which Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) can inform CBT are explained and a range of theory, research and practice articles are introduced. Each focuses on encouraging and validating a Control Theory perspective to the clinical practice of cognitive behavioural therapies.
Heavy Element Abundances in Presolar Silicon Carbide Grains from Low-Metallicity AGB Stars
Authors: Hoppe Peter , Leitner Jan , Vollmer Christian , Gröner Elmar , Heck Philipp R. , Gallino Roberto , Amari Sachiko 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPrimitive meteorites contain small amounts of presolar minerals that formed in the winds of evolved stars or in the ejecta of stellar explosions. Silicon carbide is the best studied presolar mineral. Based on its isotopic compositions it was divided into distinct populations that have different origins: Most abundant are the mainstream grains which are believed to come from 1.5–3 M⊙ AGB stars of roughly solar metallicity. The rare Y and Z grains are likely to come from 1.5–3 M⊙ AGB stars as well, but with subsolar metallicities (0.3–0.5 times solar). Here we report on C and Si isotope and trace element (Zr, Ba) studies of individual, submicrometer-sized SiC grains. The most striking results are: (1) Zr and Ba concentrations are higher in Y and Z grains than in mainstream grains, with enrichments relative to Si and solar of up to 70 times (Zr) and 170 times (Ba), respectively; (2) For the Y and Z grains there is a positive correlation between Ba concentrations and amount of s-process Si. This correlation is well explained by predictions for 2–3 M⊙ AGB stars with metallicities of 0.3–0.5 times solar. This confirms low-metallicity stars as most likely stellar sources for the Y and Z grains.
Chemical Abundances of the S Star GZ Peg
Authors: Pompéia L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe chemical compositions of stars from the Asymptotic Giant Branch are still poorly known due to the low temperatures of their atmospheres and therefore the presence of many molecular transitions hampering the analysis of atomic lines. One way to overcome this difficulty is by the study of lines in regions free from molecular contamination. We have chosen some of those regions to study the chemical abundance of the S-type star GZ Peg. Stellar parameters are derived from spectroscopic analysis and a metallicity of –0.77 dex is found. Chemical abundances of 9 elements are reported and an enhancement of s-process elements is inferred, typical to that of an S-type star.
The 13C Pocket in Low-Mass AGB Stars
Authors: Straniero O. , Cristallo S. , Gallino R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIt is well known that thermally pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch stars with low mass play a relevant role in the chemical evolution. They have synthesized about 30% of the galactic carbon and provide an important contribution to the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements (A > 80). The relevant nucleosynthesis site is the He-rich intermediate zone (less than 10−2 M⊙), where α(2α,γ)12C reactions and slow neutron captures on seed nuclei (essentially iron) take place. A key ingredient is the interplay between nuclear processes and convective mixing. It is the partial overlap of internal and external convective zones that allows the dredge-up of the material enriched in C and heavy elements. We review the progresses made in the last 50 years in the comprehension of the s process in AGB stars, with special attention to the identification of the main neutron sources and to the particular physical conditions allowing this important nucleosynthesis.
Stable isotope analysis of marine feeding signatures of Atlantic salmon in the North Atlantic
Authors: Dempson J. Brian , Braithwaite Victoria A. , Doherty Denis , Power Michael 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Dempson, J. B., Braithwaite, V. A., Doherty, D., and Power, M. 2010. Stable isotope analysis of marine feeding signatures of Atlantic salmon in the North Atlantic. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 52–61. Differences in the marine feeding of three geographically distinct populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the North Atlantic (Conne River, Newfoundland; Koksoak River, Ungava Bay, Québec; River Erne, northwest Ireland) were examined using analyses of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) and contrasted with isotope signatures obtained from a sample of salmon of unknown origin captured in the Labrador Sea. Although the overall range of δ13C and δ15N values (δ13C: from −22.42 to −19.37; δ15N: from 10.70 to 13.38) was similar to that reported by others, significant differences were found among populations and between different sea-age life-history groups. Reported differences in marine feeding between populations from the Northeast and Northwest Atlantic corroborated the stable isotope results. A surrogate measure of lipid content, the C:N ratio, was also compared among 1-sea-winter salmon. The highest levels were associated with the Koksoak River, suggesting that Subarctic populations may require higher energy reserves to contend with their longer migrations and more-severe environmental conditions.
Towards a precautionary approach to managing Canada's commercial harp seal hunt
Authors: Leaper Russell , Lavigne David M. , Corkeron Peter , Johnston David W. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Leaper, R., Lavigne, D. M., Corkeron, P., and Johnston, D. W. 2010. Towards a precautionary approach to managing Canada's commercial harp seal hunt. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 316–320. The Canadian government's approach to the management of its commercial harp seal hunt is compared with other precautionary approaches developed for setting anthropogenic removal limits for marine mammal populations. For Canada's harp seal hunt, the current management strategy has not been fully specified or tested, and its robustness to changes in biological parameters, uncertainty in input data and environmental variability, remains unknown. As such, the management approach cannot be considered precautionary and there is a substantial, but not quantified, probability that it will not meet its objectives. There is an urgent need for a fully specified and rigorously tested management procedure, and steps towards this are suggested that should reduce the risks associated with the current approach.
Early Results of Edge-to-Edge Alfieri Mitral Repair via Right Mini-Thoracotomy in 68 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Glower Donald D. , Desai Bhargavi , Mackensen G. Burkhard 
Published: September 2009

Objective To examine early outcomes of mitral valve repair using Alfieri repair via a right mini-thoracotomy approach. Methods Records were examined in 68 consecutive patients undergoing Alfieri mitral repair via 6 cm right mini-thoracotomy. Most repairs were performed under cardioplegic arrest, using percutaneous femoral cannulation and direct aortic cannulation through the right first intercostal space. All patients without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy received rigid ring annuloplasty. The indications for Alfieri repair were extensive prolapse with ring size at least 30 mm. Results Mean age was 56 ± 13 (range, 20–80). Mitral disease etiology was Barlow disease in 17 of 68 (25%) patients and myxomatous disease in 47 of 68 (69%). Concurrent procedures were performed in 29 of 68 (43%) patients. Median ring size was 34 mm. Despite extensive leaflet disease, 59 of 68 (87%) patients were repaired without leaflet resection. Chord pairs were inserted on the posterior leaflet in 18 of 68 (26%) patients and anterior leaflet in four patients. There were no 30-day or late deaths. Residual intraoperative mitral regurgitation was absent in 54 of 68 (79%) patients and trace in the remainder. Local echocardiography follow-up at a mean of 99 days showed median residual regurgitation to be trace. Only two patients developed moderate regurgitation. Mean mitral gradient at follow-up was 4 ± 2 mm Hg. Local follow-up showed 28 of 39 (72%) patients to be New York Heart Association class I. Conclusions An edge-to-edge Alfieri repair via mini-thoracotomy can provide excellent short-term results in selected patients with complex myxomatous mitral disease when minimizing the need for leaflet resection.
The Effect of Combined Clopidogrel and Aspirin Therapy after Off-Pump Coronary Surgery
Authors: Mujanovic Emir , Nurkic Midhat , Caluk Jasmin , Terzic Ibrahim , Kabil Emir , Bergsland Jacob 
Published: September 2009

Objective The purpose of this randomized study was to evaluate the effect on graft patency by adding clopidogrel to aspirin in off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting and the possible side effects of such therapy. Methods Twenty patients who underwent standard OPCAB through median sternotomy were randomized immediately after surgery in two groups. Patients in group A (n = 10) received 100 mg of aspirin starting preoperatively, continuing indefinitely. Patients in group B received 100 mg of aspirin and, in addition, 75 mg of clopidogrel starting immediately after the operation and for 3 months. Postoperative bleeding and other perioperative parameters were compared. Angiography was repeated 3 months after surgery to determine the patency and quality of grafts. Results Preoperative risk factors were similar in the two groups. There was no significant difference in average number of distal anastomosis (P = 0.572), operation time (P = 0.686), postoperative bleeding (P = 0.256), ventilation time (P = 0.635), and intensive care unit stay (P = 0.065). Length of stay was shorter in group B (P = 0.024). There was no postoperative complication in either groups. Eight of 27 grafts in group A and 2 of 29 grafts in group B (P = 0.037) were occluded at the time of control angiography. Conclusions Early administration of a combined regimen of clopidogrel and aspirin after OPCAB grafting is not associated with increased postoperative bleeding or other major complications. Despite the small number of patients in this study and small number of examined grafts, the results suggest that the addition of clopidogrel may increase graft patency after OPCAB grafting.
The Role of Thromboelastography in Directing Blood Product Usage in Infant Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Mendeloff Eric N. , Glenn George F. , Tavakolian Paul , Lin Eugene , Leonard Allison , Prince Syma L. , Herbert Morley A. 
Published: September 2009

Objective Thromboelastography (TEG) measures the dynamics of clot formation in whole blood and provides data that can guide specific blood component therapy. This study analyzed whether the implementation of TEG affected blood product utilization and overall hemostasis in infants (6 months and younger) undergoing open heart surgery. Methods TEG values measured include R (time to fibrin formation), angle (fibrinogen formation), and MA (platelet function). Blood product usage, TEG values, and operative parameters were collected during surgery on 112 consecutive infants (66 acyanotic) undergoing open heart surgery within the first 6 months of life. Controls consisted of chart data on 70 consecutive patients (57 acyanotic) undergoing the same surgical procedures before implementation of TEG (pre-TEG). Results Using TEG, the pattern of blood product utilization changed. Compared with the pre-TEG era, TEG era patients demonstrated a significant increase in fresh frozen plasma usage intraoperatively (4.74 vs. 1.83 mL/kg; P < 0.001) and reduced postoperative use of platelets (1.69 vs. 3.74 mL/kg; P = 0.006) and cryoprecipitate (0.89 vs. 1.95 mL/kg; P = 0.149). Chest tube drainage was significantly reduced at 1, 2, and 24 hours in the TEG group. TEG angle and MA measurements suggest that fibrinogen and platelets of cyanotic patients are more sensitive to hemodilution than the acyanotic patients. Conclusions TEG allows for proactive, goal-directed blood component therapy with improved postoperative hemostasis in infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.
Off-Pump Positioning of a Conventional Aortic Valve Prosthesis through the Left Ventricular Apex with the Universal Cardiac Introducer under Sole Ultrasound Guidance, in the Pig
Authors: Guiraudon Gerard M. , Jones Douglas L. , Bainbridge Daniel , Peters Terence M. 
Published: September 2009

Objective To test an alternative to catheter and open-heart techniques, by documenting the feasibility of implanting an unmodified mechanical aortic valve (AoV) in the off pump, beating heart using the universal cardiac introducer (UCI) attached to the left ventricular (LV) apex. Methods In six pigs, the LV apex was exposed by a median sternotomy. The UCI was attached to the apex. A 12-mm punching tool (punch), introduced through the UCI, was used to create a cylindrical opening through the apex. Then, the AoV, secured to a holder, was introduced into the LV, using transesophageal echocardiographic, guided through the apical LV opening, navigated into the LV outflow tract, and positioned within the aortic annulus. Trans-esophageal echocardiographic guidance was useful for navigation and positioning by superimposing the aortic annulus and prosthetic ring while Doppler imaging verified preserved prosthetic function and absence of perivalvular leaks. The valve function and hemodynamics were observed before termination for macroscopic evaluation. Results The punch produced a clean opening without fragmentation or myocardial embolization. During advancement of the mechanical AoV, there were no arrhythmias, mitral valve dysfunctions, evidence of myocardial ischemia, or hemodynamic instability. The AoVs were well seated over the annulus, without obstructing the coronaries or contact with the conduction system. The ring of AoVs was well circumscribed by the aortic annulus. Conclusions This study documented the feasibility of positioning a mechanical AoV on the closed, beating heart. These results should encourage the development of adjunct technologies to deliver current tissue or mechanical AoV with minimal side effects.
Right Inframammary Mini-Thoracotomy Approach to the Mitral Valve in Women with Breast Implants
Authors: Shafii Alexis E. , Su Jang Wen , Hendrickson Mark , Mihaljevic Tomislav , Gillinov A. Marc 
Published: September 2009

Objective Minimally invasive cardiac surgery in patients with breast implants is challenging. Obtaining access to cardiac structures without injuring the prosthesis and at the same time maintaining cosmesis is of particular concern in these patients. Mitral valve surgery can be performed using a right mini-inframammary thoracotomy in female patients with breast implants. We describe our experience with this approach to preserve the cosmetic results of previous breast augmentation. Methods Six female patients with previous breast implantation presented for isolated mitral valve surgery for degenerative disease. Surgery was performed through an inframammary incision, in most cases using the previous surgical incision from breast implantation. Peripheral cannulation was used for cardiopulmonary bypass. The breast prosthesis was explanted through a 6-cm skin incision, and then the mitral valve was approached through a right mini anterior thoracotomy. At the end of mitral surgery, the implant was replaced. Results All patients had satisfactory outcomes. The mitral valve was repaired in five patients and replaced in one patient. Average length of stay was 5.3 days (range, 4–8 days). There were no conversions to median sternotomy. There were no bleeding complications. There were no wound complications or implant infections. Cosmesis was preserved. Conclusions Our experience with this approach has allowed both mitral valve repair and replacement at the same time preserving cosmetic results. This minimally invasive technique may also have applications in performing atrial septal defect closure, Maze procedures for atrial fibrillation, and tricuspid valve surgery in patients with breast implants.
Haemolytic activity of polyamidoamine dendrimers and the protective role of human serum albumin
Authors: Klajnert Barbara , Pikala Sylwia , Bryszewska Maria 
Published: September 2009

We have examined the haemolytic activity of polyamidoamine dendrimers. Haemolysis increased in a generation- and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the longer the incubation time, the greater the amount of haemoglobin released. When human serum albumin (HSA) was present in the incubation buffer, the extent of haemolysis decreased. This protective effect may be due to the high affinity of dendrimers for proteins: dendrimers that interact with HSA are unable to disrupt the membrane to the same extent as free dendrimers. The presence of HSA makes the buffer more relevant to physiological conditions. The results of this study suggest that the actual haemotoxicity of dendrimers
in vivo
is lower than is observed
in vitro
.
Using solvents to remove a toner print so that office paper might be reused
Authors: Counsell Thomas A. M. , Allwood Julian M. 
Published: September 2009

The environmental impact of office paper recycling might be avoided if toner print could be removed from paper in a way that left the paper immediately reusable. This article reports on experiments that investigate the use of solvents to allow black toner print to be removed from white cut-size office paper. Hansen solubility parameters are estimated for detaching the pigment in toner print from paper and compared to the parameters for paper. These imply that solvents can be found that would allow toner print to be removed without harming the underlying paper. However, immersion in solvents alone detaches just 10 per cent of the toner pigment. Rubbing combined with solvents increases removal to 50 per cent. Adding ultrasonic agitation increases removal to 80 per cent. Mixing different solvents and increasing the volume of solvent can further improve removal to the point where the cleaned paper is useful, although still distinguishable from new. For instance, soaking the printed paper in a mixture of 60 per cent dimethylsulphoxide and 40 per cent chloroform for 4 min, while applying ultrasonic agitation, results in paper that can be readily reprinted. The results need to be validated on other toner and paper types. Further work is needed to investigate the influence of temperature, of adding surfactants and to consider the economic, safety and environmental implications.
Deciphering Transcriptional and Metabolic Networks Associated with Lysine Metabolism during Arabidopsis Seed Development
Authors: Angelovici Ruthie , Fait Aaron , Zhu Xiaohong , Szymanski Jedrzej , Feldmesser Ester , Fernie Alisdair R. , Galili Gad 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn order to elucidate transcriptional and metabolic networks associated with lysine (Lys) metabolism, we utilized developing Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds as a system in which Lys synthesis could be stimulated developmentally without application of chemicals and coupled this to a T-DNA insertion knockout mutation impaired in Lys catabolism. This seed-specific metabolic perturbation stimulated Lys accumulation starting from the initiation of storage reserve accumulation. Our results revealed that the response of seed metabolism to the inducible alteration of Lys metabolism was relatively minor; however, that which was observable operated in a modular manner. They also demonstrated that Lys metabolism is strongly associated with the operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle while largely disconnected from other metabolic networks. In contrast, the inducible alteration of Lys metabolism was strongly associated with gene networks, stimulating the expression of hundreds of genes controlling anabolic processes that are associated with plant performance and vigor while suppressing a small number of genes associated with plant stress interactions. The most pronounced effect of the developmentally inducible alteration of Lys metabolism was an induction of expression of a large set of genes encoding ribosomal proteins as well as genes encoding translation initiation and elongation factors, all of which are associated with protein synthesis. With respect to metabolic regulation, the inducible alteration of Lys metabolism was primarily associated with altered expression of genes belonging to networks of amino acids and sugar metabolism. The combined data are discussed within the context of network interactions both between and within metabolic and transcriptional control systems.