bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-World Performance of Large Language Models in Emergency Department Chest Pain Triage
Authors: Meng Xiangbin , Ji Jia-ming , Yan Xiangyu , Xu Hua , gao Jun , Wang Junhong , Wang Jingjia , Wang Xuliang , Wang Yuan-geng-shuo , Wang Wenyao , Chen Jing , Zhang Kuo , Liu Da , Qiu Zifeng , Li Muzi , Shao Chunli , Yang Yaodong , Tang Yi-Da 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLarge Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored for medical applications, particularly in emergency triage where rapid and accurate decision-making is crucial. This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of two prominent Chinese LLMs, “Tongyi Qianwen” and “Lingyi Zhihui,” alongside a newly developed model, MediGuide-14B, comparing their effectiveness with human medical experts in emergency chest pain triage.MethodsConducted at Peking University Third Hospital’s emergency centers from June 2021 to May 2023, this retrospective study involved 11,428 patients with chest pain symptoms. Data were extracted from electronic medical records, excluding diagnostic test results, and used to assess the models and human experts in a double-blind setup. The models’ performances were evaluated based on their accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in diagnosing Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS).Findings“Lingyi Zhihui” demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy of 76.40%, sensitivity of 90.99%, and specificity of 70.15%. “Tongyi Qianwen” showed an accuracy of 61.11%, sensitivity of 91.67%, and specificity of 47.95%. MediGuide-14B outperformed these models with an accuracy of 84.52%, showcasing high sensitivity and commendable specificity. Human experts achieved higher accuracy (86.37%) and specificity (89.26%) but lower sensitivity compared to the LLMs. The study also highlighted the potential of LLMs to provide rapid triage decisions, significantly faster than human experts, though with varying degrees of reliability and completeness in their recommendations.InterpretationThe study confirms the potential of LLMs in enhancing emergency medical diagnostics, particularly in settings with limited resources. MediGuide-14B, with its tailored training for medical applications, demonstrates considerable promise for clinical integration. However, the variability in performance underscores the need for further fine-tuning and contextual adaptation to improve reliability and efficacy in medical applications. Future research should focus on optimizing LLMs for specific medical tasks and integrating them with conventional medical systems to leverage their full potential in real-world settings.
The effect of coronary revascularization treatment timing on mortality in patients with stable ischemic heart disease in British Columbia
Authors: Hardiman Sean , Fradet Guy , Kuramoto Lisa , Law Michael , Robinson Simon , Sobolev Boris 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrior research has shown that patients with stable ischemic heart disease who undergo delayed coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery face higher mortality rates than those who receive CABG within the time recommended by physicians. However, this research did not account for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a widely available alternative to delayed CABG in many settings. We sought to establish whether there was a difference in mortality between timely PCI and delayed CABG.MethodsWe identified 25,520 patients 60 years or older who underwent first-time non-emergency revascularization for angiographically-proven, stable left main or multi-vessel ischemic heart disease in British Columbia between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2016. We estimated unadjusted and adjusted mortality after index revascularization or last staged PCI for patients undergoing delayed CABG compared to timely PCI.FindingsAfter adjustment with inverse probability of treatment weights, at three years, patients who underwent delayed CABG had a statistically significant lower mortality compared with patients who received timely PCI (4.3% delayed CABG, 13.5% timely PCI; risk ratio 0.32, 95% CI 0.24 – 0.40).InterpretationPatients who undergo CABG with delay have a lower risk of death than patients who undergo PCI within appropriate time. Our results suggest that patients who wish to receive CABG as their revascularization treatment will receive a mortality benefit over PCI as an alternative strategy.
Efficacy of Low Level Laser Therapy on The Post Midline laparotomy Wound Pain in upper and lower Gastrointestinal (GI) Surgical Procedure : a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mohammad Madadi , Soleiman Heydari , Ebrahim Hashemi Seyed , Mehdi Raei , Hamed Gholizadeh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionPainkiller drugs play an important role in reducing pain after surgery. These drugs might have unavoidable side effects and by the identification of new side effects, the needs for non-drug agents have been increased gradually. Therefore we decided to investigate the effect of low-power laser therapy on pain control after surgery.Materials and MethodsIn this study, 106 patients as candidate for elective gastrointestinal tract surgery after exclusion 6 case were divided into two groups with 50 patients after being randomized. The intervention group and control group underwent low level laser therapy and placebo by daily manner respectively after surgery. Then both groups were evaluated and compared in terms of pain intensity and amount of pethidine consumption.ResultsThere was no significant difference between two groups in terms of average age, sexual frequency and perioperative inflammatory factors and skin complications. The average pain intensity at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours after surgery was 7.2, 5.3, 4.2, 3.66, 2.44 for the intervention group and it was 7.14, 6.3, 5.3, 4.3, 2.7 for the control group respectively. Also, the average use of pethidine was evaluated in 24-hour intervals until the fourth day, which was 53, 29, 10, 5.5 mg for the intervention group and 54, 37.5, 22.5, 8.5 mg for the control group respectively. At the first 24 hours and 96 hours after the operation, difference of pain intensity and pethidine consumption between the two groups was not significant, but in period 24-96 hours after surgery, the pain intensity and also the average pethidine consumption significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group.ConclusionThe findings of this study showed that the low level laser therapy can be used to control the pain and can be proposed as an alternative method to painkillers drugs.
Study Protocol- The impact of social deprivation on development and progression of diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Casey Caoimhe , Buckley Claire M , Kearney Patricia M , Griffin Matthew D , Dinneen Sean F , Griffin Tomás P 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionDiabetes is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease. Social deprivation is recognised as a risk factor for complications of diabetes, including diabetic kidney disease. The effect of deprivation on rate of decline in renal function has not been explored in the Irish Health System to date. The objective of this study is to explore the association between social deprivation and the development/progression of diabetic kidney disease in a cohort of adults living with diabetes in Ireland.Methods and analysisThis is a retrospective cohort study using an existing dataset of people living with diabetes who attended the diabetes centre at University Hospital Galway from 2012 to 2016. The variables included in this dataset include demographic variables, type and duration of diabetes, clinical variables such as medication use, blood pressure and BMI and laboratory data including creatinine, urine albumin to creatinine to ratio, haemoglobin A1c and lipids. This dataset will be updated with laboratory data until January 2023. Individual’s addresses will be used to calculate deprivation indices using the Pobal Haase Pratschke (HP) deprivation index. Rate of renal function decline will be calculated using linear mixed-effect models. The relationship between deprivation and renal function will be assessed using linear regression (absolute and relative rate of renal function decline based on eGFR) and logistic regression models (rapid vs. non-rapid decline).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the clinical research ethics committee of Galway University Hospitals-Ref C.A. 2956. Results will be presented at conferences and published in peer review journals.
Tunneling potentials to nothing
Authors: Blanco-Pillado J. J. , Espinosa J. R. , Huertas J. , Sousa K. 
Published: April 2024

The catastrophic decay of a spacetime with compact dimensions, via bubbles of nothing (BoNs), is probably a generic phenomenon. BoNs admit a four-dimensional description as singular Coleman–de Luccia bounces of the size modulus field, stabilized by some potential V(ϕ). We apply the tunneling potential approach to this 4D description to provide a very simple picture of BoNs. Using it, we identify four different types of BoN, corresponding to different classes of higher-dimensional theories. We also identify 4D theories featuring a new type of quenching of BoN decay, which may be present even for dS vacua, and discuss the viability of embedding such models in a higher-dimensional theory. The present approach allows us to treat in a single framework BoN nucleation and other decay channels, and we study the interplay between the different nonperturbative instabilities comparing their decay rates.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Impact of customer engagement strategy on customer loyalty from the perspective of consumer well-being
Authors: Zhang Shaoqing , Zhang Sihong , Zhang Yuan 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThis study aims to investigate mechanisms and boundary conditions of the impact of customer engagement strategies (CESs) on customer loyalty (CL) based on goal-framing and well-being theory.Design/methodology/approachThrough a three-stage, time-lagged research design, 246 valid samples were obtained. This study tested and validated the proposed framework using hierarchical regression analysis and a moderated mediation procedure.FindingsFirst, CESs have a significant positive impact on CL. Second, consumer well-being (CWB) partially mediates the CESs–CL relationship. Third, information processing style (IPS) moderates the impact of CESs on CWB, with a more pronounced effect observed under the affective processing style. Finally, IPS further moderates the indirect effect of CESs on CL, indicating that CESs enhance CL through increased CWB, particularly under the affective processing style.Originality/valueRevealing the pivotal role of CESs in enhancing CL at the corporate level helps bridge the gap between companies and customers, thereby facilitating the establishment of long-term cooperative relationships. Additionally, introducing the concept of CWB into the study of CL offers a novel perspective for understanding customer behavior.
Artificial intelligence-based pre-conception stage construction budget decision-making model and tool for residential buildings
Authors: Sadick Abdul-Manan , Gurmu Argaw , Gunarathna Chathuri 
Published: April 2024

PurposeDeveloping a reliable cost estimate at the early stage of construction projects is challenging due to inadequate project information. Most of the information during this stage is qualitative, posing additional challenges to achieving accurate cost estimates. Additionally, there is a lack of tools that use qualitative project information and forecast the budgets required for project completion. This research, therefore, aims to develop a model for setting project budgets (excluding land) during the pre-conceptual stage of residential buildings, where project information is mainly qualitative.Design/methodology/approachDue to the qualitative nature of project information at the pre-conception stage, a natural language processing model, DistilBERT (Distilled Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers), was trained to predict the cost range of residential buildings at the pre-conception stage. The training and evaluation data included 63,899 building permit activity records (2021–2022) from the Victorian State Building Authority, Australia. The input data comprised the project description of each record, which included project location and basic material types (floor, frame, roofing, and external wall).FindingsThis research designed a novel tool for predicting the project budget based on preliminary project information. The model achieved 79% accuracy in classifying residential buildings into three cost_classes ($100,000-$300,000, $300,000-$500,000, $500,000-$1,200,000) and F1-scores of 0.85, 0.73, and 0.74, respectively. Additionally, the results show that the model learnt the contextual relationship between qualitative data like project location and cost.Research limitations/implicationsThe current model was developed using data from Victoria state in Australia; hence, it would not return relevant outcomes for other contexts. However, future studies can adopt the methods to develop similar models for their context.Originality/valueThis research is the first to leverage a deep learning model, DistilBERT, for cost estimation at the pre-conception stage using basic project information like location and material types. Therefore, the model would contribute to overcoming data limitations for cost estimation at the pre-conception stage. Residential building stakeholders, like clients, designers, and estimators, can use the model to forecast the project budget at the pre-conception stage to facilitate decision-making.
Leadership education: a content analysis of postgraduate leadership education programs for health and human service leaders in Australian universities
Authors: Fennell Kate L. , Jan Van Dam Pieter , Stephens Nicola , Holloway Adele , Hughes Roger 
Published: April 2024

PurposeA systematic investigation of postgraduate leadership programs for health and/or human services offered by Australian higher education institutions was undertaken.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative analysis identified the core characteristics of the programs. A thematic analysis of the course learning outcomes was conducted and six major themes of disciplinary leadership and management knowledge; research and analytical skills; professional practice; communication and collaboration; creativity and innovation; and system knowledge are shared in this study.FindingsThe authors conclude that Australian universities have taken an evidence-based approach to leadership education.Originality/valueMore work might need to be undertaken to ensure leadership theories are incorporated into learning outcomes.
Boundary spanners as a key to value creation in infrastructure procurement
Authors: Liljeroos-Cork Johanna Maria , Laitinen Kaisu 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
Infrastructure forms a basis for the operations and sustainability of the modern society. This paper aims to recognize value creation from the infrastructure procurement ecosystem perspective to achieve those goals. The pursuit of enhancing value creation involves an examination of infrastructure procurement challenges, boundaries as well as boundary spanners that facilitate effective knowledge transfer and interaction.

Design/methodology/approach
The qualitative study is based on content analysis of 25 thematic interviews. Data was transcribed and coded via Atlas.ti software.

Findings
Infrastructure procurement value creation challenges appear complex and related to boundaries that hamper collaboration, coordination and knowledge sharing. Our results show that these boundaries locate within and between different levels of procurement ecosystem. Therefore, value creation in infrastructure procurement requires boundary spanners for leveraging knowledge sharing and interaction. Artifacts, discussion, processes and brokers as identified boundary spanners are strongly nested and interrelated in the industry. Special attention should be given to supporting individuals to act as brokers, since they play the key roles in trust building, culture steering and usage of other boundary spanners.

Social implications
Promoting value creation in infrastructure procurement helps to achieve socio-economic development goals.

Originality/value
This study offers a unique perspective on value creation in the context of infrastructure by adopting an ecosystem lens and examining boundary crossing mechanisms. The results support future development of collaboration and knowledge sharing practices fostering procurement productivity.
Research on the optimal desertification combat mode considering the governance cycle
Authors: Sun Jiayi 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the most effective approach for governments and enterprises to combat desertification by considering the governance cycle. The focus is on understanding how the government can incentivize enterprises to actively engage in desertification combat efforts.Design/methodology/approachBoth the government and the enterprise are treated as rational entities, making strategic choices for joint participation in combating desertification. Recognizing the dynamic nature of the desertification combat area, differential game models are employed to identify the optimal mode for combating desertification.FindingsThe findings underscore the significant influence of the governance cycle duration on the selection of desertification combat modes for government and enterprise. A cooperative mode is best suited to a short governance cycle, while an ecological subsidy mode is optimal for a longer cycle. Enhancing governance technology and shortening the governance cycle are conducive to combating desertification. Reducing taxes alone may not be an effective control strategy; rather, the government can better motivate enterprises by adopting tax rate policies aligned with the chosen governance mode.Originality/valueThis research contributes by elucidating the impact mechanism of the government cycle’s length on the desertification combat process. The results may offer valuable insights for governments in formulating strategies to encourage corporate participation in combating desertification and provide theoretical support for selecting optimal desertification combat modes.
AI in knowledge sharing, which ethical challenges are raised in decision-making processes for organisations?
Authors: Rezaei Mojtaba , Pironti Marco , Quaglia Roberto 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThis study aims to identify and assess the key ethical challenges associated with integrating artificial intelligence (AI) in knowledge-sharing (KS) practices and their implications for decision-making (DM) processes within organisations.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a mixed-methods approach, beginning with a comprehensive literature review to extract background information on AI and KS and to identify potential ethical challenges. Subsequently, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is conducted using data collected from individuals employed in business settings to validate the challenges identified in the literature and assess their impact on DM processes.FindingsThe findings reveal that challenges related to privacy and data protection, bias and fairness and transparency and explainability are particularly significant in DM. Moreover, challenges related to accountability and responsibility and the impact of AI on employment also show relatively high coefficients, highlighting their importance in the DM process. In contrast, challenges such as intellectual property and ownership, algorithmic manipulation and global governance and regulation are found to be less central to the DM process.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the ethical challenges of AI in knowledge management (KM) and DM within organisations. By providing insights and recommendations for researchers, managers and policymakers, the study emphasises the need for a holistic and collaborative approach to harness the benefits of AI technologies whilst mitigating their associated risks.
Effects of varied multimedia animations in digital storybooks: A randomised controlled trial with preschoolers
Authors: Son Seung‐Hee Claire , Butcher Kirsten R. 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundRapid growth in early childhood device usage has raised critical questions about the potential impact of digital storybooks on children's reading outcomes. The current study examined how two types of multimedia animations in digital storybooks – animations of storyline elements or details in the illustrations – influenced the story comprehension and enjoyment of young children.MethodsPreschool children (n = 86) read a digital storybook in one of three conditions: storyline‐element animations, illustration‐detail animations or no additional animations. Two digital storybooks with varied difficulty and numbers of animations were examined. After an initial evaluation of vocabulary skills, children read their assigned version of each digital storybook and then completed assessments of story comprehension and enjoyment.ResultsOverall, animations focused on illustration details hindered comprehension. For a less difficult story (with limited animations), animations focused on storyline elements improved comprehension. In a more difficult story (with many animations), animations focused on storyline elements enhanced comprehension only for children with high‐vocabulary skills. There were no differences in story enjoyment across conditions.ConclusionsAlthough illustration details are related to story content, digital storybook animations focused on these visual details may be overwhelming for young children. While animations that depict or extend storyline elements can support comprehension for children, large numbers of these animations in difficult stories have a counterintuitive effect – improving comprehension only for children with high vocabulary. Even storyline‐element animations in difficult stories may overload processing and hinder comprehension. Given no observed effects of varied animations on story enjoyment, a strategic, restrained approach to embedded animations focused on storyline elements may be warranted.
On‐farm evaluations of animal welfare indicators in laying hens housed with and without environmental enrichment
Authors: Finke Sandra , Kemper Nicole , Spindler Birgit 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn laying hen husbandry, severe feather pecking and cannibalism are multifactorial problems. Solving these problems is a matter of urgency, as beak trimming is banned in several European countries, including Germany. One approach to addressing severe feather pecking and cannibalism is the administration of additional enrichment material to support normal behaviour. In this on‐farm study, two flocks of 17,500 Lohmann Brown‐Lite laying hens each were evaluated during one production period (18–78 weeks of life, WoL). One flock was provided with alfalfa bales and pecking stones in combination (EnGr), whereas the other flock served as a control without additional enrichment material (CoGr). During production, the flocks were visited at regular intervals. On each visit, a sample of 50 hens per flock were weighed and scored for plumage condition and skin lesions. The mortality rate was recorded daily by the farm staff. No significant difference in plumage condition and mortality rate was found between EnGr and CoGr (p > .05, Mann‐Whitney U test). As there were hardly any skin lesions in both groups during the study period, the effect of additional enrichment material on this variable could not be determined. The average body weight of the EnGr was significantly higher than the average body weight of the CoGr on numerous examination days (26 WoL,p < .001; 34 WoL,p = .040; 42 WoL,p = .007; 62 WoL,p = .041; 66 WoL,p = .006; 74 WoL,p = .036; 78 WoL,p = .028, t‐tests). However, this effect could not be clearly attributed to the administering of additional enrichment material, as the feeding and performance variables for EnGr and CoGr had been recorded together because of the housing for the two flocks being supplied by one silo and water source, and eggs from the flocks being collected altogether.