bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium Catalyzed Direct 3‐Arylation of Benzofurans using Low Catalyst Loadings
Authors: Ionita Marina , Roger Julien , Doucet Henri 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed direct 3‐arylation of benzofurans provides a cost‐effective and environmentally attractive route for the preparation of 3‐arylbenzofuran derivatives. The reactions were carried out using a wide variety of electronically and sterically diverse aryl or heteroaryl bromides with low catalyst loadings. In the presence of only 0.1–0.5 mol % catalyst, products in moderate to good yields were obtained. The aryl bromide reactants were able to tolerate a wide range of functionalities, such as acetyl, propionyl, formyl, ester, nitrile, trifluoromethyl, or fluoro groups. Higher yields were obtained using electron‐deficient aryl bromides as reactants compared to using electron‐rich aryl bromides. Functionalized benzofuran derivatives, bearing formyl or hydroxymethyl on C2, were also successfully employed.
ALDH+/CD44+/CD24− expression in cells from body cavity fluids
Authors: Krishan Awtar , Sharma Deepti , Sharma Siddharth , Hamelik Ronald M. , Ganjei‐Azar Parvin , Nadji Mehrdad 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground:Enhanced expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and phenotypic markers (CD44+/CD24−) in stem cells from breast tumors has been reported. This study was undertaken to monitor expression of these markers in cells from body cavity fluids of female patients suspected to have a malignancy.Methods:Cells from peritoneal and pleural fluids of 100 female patients were examined by diagnostic cytology and analyzed by laser flow cytometry for enhanced ALDH1 expression. Cells from 36 body cavity fluids with ALDH1bright fluorescence were then analyzed for the expression of CD44 and CD24 markers.Results:In samples positive for malignancy, ALDH1bright cells with both SSClow and SSChigh were seen. In 15 body cavity fluids positive for malignancy, the percentage of ALDH1bright cells ranged from 0.26 to 6.34% of the total cells. The percentage of ALDH1bright cells with CD44+/CD24− expression in these samples ranged from 0.02 to 3.66%. ALDH1bright cells with CD44+/CD24− expression were also present in body cavity fluids of patients in whom diagnostic cytology could not detect any malignancy. However, the percentage of ALDH1bright and CD44+/CD24− cells amongst the 21 body cavity fluids with negative cytology was lower than that of samples with malignancy.Conclusions:Expression of ALDH1bright and the CD44+/CD24− phenotype in body cavity fluids in which diagnostic cytology could not find any malignant cells suggests that this phenotype may not be restricted to the putative breast tumor stem cells. It is possible that only subsets of cells with this phenotype are the putative breast tumor stem cells. © 2010 Clinical Cytometry Society
Transitional cell carcinoma of renal allograft associated with BK virus infection
Authors: Saquib Rehana , Barri Yousri M. , Saad Rana , Savino Daniel A. , Rice Kim M. , Hays Steven R. , Melton Larry B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBK virus (BKV) has oncogenic properties and has been associated with different malignancies. However, reports of malignancy in renal transplant recipients are scarce and circumstantial. We report on a renal transplant recipient with a diagnosis of BKV nephropathy for several years, who subsequently developed a renal allograft mass. Renal allograft mass biopsy revealed a high‐grade transitional cell carcinoma. The patient underwent a renal allograft nephrectomy and returned to hemodialysis. Neoplastic tissue was positive for BKV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and large T‐antigen (TAg) by immunohistochemical staining. In contrast, BKV DNA by PCR was negative in non‐neoplastic tissue. The presence of BKV DNA and TAg exclusively in the neoplastic tissue, suggest that malignancy was induced by BKV. Of note, JC virus DNA by PCR was negative in the neoplastic tissue. BKV is associated with transitional cell carcinoma of the allograft renal pelvis and that warrants monitoring these patients for this possibility.
CD14‐independent responses induced by a synthetic lipid A mimetic
Authors: Legat Amandine , Thomas Séverine , Hermand Philippe , Van Mechelen Marcelle , Goldman Michel , De Wit Dominique 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCRX‐527 belongs to a new family of synthetic lipid A mimetics, the aminoalkyl glucosaminide 4‐phosphates, which are considered as potential vaccine adjuvants or stand‐alone immunotherapeutics to harness innate immune defenses. Since natural lipid A from bacterial LPS depends on membrane‐bound (mCD14) or soluble CD14 for its TLR4 ligand activity, we investigated the involvement of both forms of CD14 in the responses elicited by CRX‐527. First, we found that CRX‐527 induces NF‐κB and interferon regulatory factor‐3 (IRF‐3) activation in human embryonic kidney cells transfected with TLR4 and MD‐2 genes alone, whereas the responses to LPS require either co‐transfection of the gene encoding mCD14 or addition of soluble CD14. We then observed that monocyte‐derived DC, which are devoid of mCD14 respond to CRX‐527 but not to LPS in serum‐free medium. Furthermore, we found that, in contrast to LPS, CRX‐527 induces the production of cytokines in whole blood of a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, a disease in which mCD14‐dependent responses are defective. Finally, we demonstrated that splenocytes from CD14‐deficient mice produce cytokines in response to CRX‐527 but not to LPS. We conclude that the lipid A mimetic CRX‐527 does not require the CD14 co‐receptor to elicit TLR4‐mediated responses.
Mast cells in innate and adaptive immunity to infection
Authors: Palker Thomas J. , Dong Gang , Leitner Wolfgang W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn June 2009, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), sponsored a workshop entitled Mast Cells in Innate and Adaptive Immunity. International experts in mast cell biology discussed recent advances in the field and future areas of research aimed at advancing our understanding of the importance of mast cells in shaping nonallergic, adaptive immunity to infection.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 1/10
Authors: Nakhaei‐Nejad Maryam , Zhang Qiu‐Xia , Murray Allan G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis issue's cover image shows immunofluorescent staining of endothelial cells for microtubules (red) and vascular endothelial cadherin (green). The image was taken from the article Endothelial IQGAP1 regulates efficient lymphocyte transendothelial migration by Nakhaei‐Nejad et al. (pp. 204–213), in which the authors examine the role of IQGAP1, an adaptor protein that binds to filamentous‐actin and microtubules at interendothelial junctions, during lymphocyte transendothelial migration.
Use of CE for the determination of binding constants
Authors: Jiang Chunxia , Armstrong Daniel W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the past two decades, CE has been used frequently for the measurement of apparent binding/association constants. CE has numerous advantages, including short analysis times, low sample consumption, simplicity of operation, etc. This review provides a fundamental introduction to binding theory and then summarizes recent applications and advances in the field of CE‐based methods for the evaluation of molecular association. The time period for this survey is from 2002 (when our previous review was published) to the present.
CEC of phytochemical bioactive compounds
Authors: Yang Feng‐qing , Zhao Jing , Li Shao‐ping 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlthough there are many publications related to technological or methodological developments of CEC, few focus on the analysis of natural products, especially phytochemical bioactive compounds. This review summarized the application of CEC in the analysis of phytochemical bioactive components, including flavonoids, nucleosides, steroids, lignans, quinones and coumarins, as well as fingerprint analysis of herbs. The strategies for optimization of CEC conditions and detection were also discussed.
Soil erosion resistance effects on rill and gully initiation points and dimensions
Authors: Knapen A. , Poesen J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRecent research has indicated the large spatial and temporal variation in soil erosion resistance against concentrated flow (SER). This study analyzes this variability in relation to rill and gully initiation locations on slopes and the downslope eroded volumes. The soil erodibility (Kc) and critical flow shear stress (τcr), were estimated from topsoil properties and correlated to eroded rill and gully volumes and their initiation points on slopes in the Belgian loess belt. Therefore, concentrated flow paths and topsoil properties were measured in their vicinity. The results show that rill and gully initiation points, and hence the lengths of concentrated flow paths, depend on τcr, which is controlled by soil surface conditions and can be predicted from saturated soil shear strength. Soil erosion control measures that increase soil shear strength (e.g. thalweg compaction), can therefore decrease rill and gully lengths. Once a rill or an ephemeral gully is initiated, its cross‐section was found to depend on Kc, which can be estimated from the soil water content, dry bulk density, and the dry density of roots and crop residues incorporated in the topsoil. 74% of the variation in the channel cross‐sectional area measured in the study area could be predicted from the combined effect of flow intensity and these three soil properties, whereas flow intensity alone could only account for 31% of the variation. Soil conservation measures affecting one of the soil properties that control Kc (e.g. double drilling of the thalweg, conservation tillage) can therefore decrease the cross‐sections of the concentrated flow paths. These findings also indicate that rill and gully initiation points are not only topographically controlled but also depend on the SER, which in turn determines the dimensions of these concentrated flow paths. Hence, knowledge of the variability in SER is indispensable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survey data as coincident or leading indicators
Authors: Frale Cecilia , Marcellino Massimiliano , Mazzi Gian Luigi , Proietti Tommaso 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper we propose a monthly measure for the euro area gross domestic product (GDP) based on a small‐scale factor model for mixed‐frequency data, featuring two factors: the first is driven by hard data, whereas the second captures the contribution of survey variables as coincident indicators. Within this framework we evaluate both the in‐sample contribution of the second survey‐based factor, and the short‐term forecasting performance of the model in a pseudo‐real‐time experiment. We find that the survey‐based factor plays a significant role for two components of GDP: industrial value added and exports. Moreover, the two‐factor model outperforms in terms of out‐of‐sample forecasting accuracy the traditional autoregressive distributed lags (ADL) specifications and the single‐factor model, with few exceptions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The local quadratic trend model
Authors: Harvey Andrew 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe local quadratic trend model provides a flexible response to underlying movements in a macroeconomic time series in its estimates of level and change. If the underlying movements are thought of as a trend plus cycle, an estimate of the cycle may be obtained from the quadratic term. Estimating the cycle in this way may offer a useful alternative to other model‐based methods of signal extraction, particularly when the series is short. The properties of the filter used to extract the cycle are analysed in the frequency domain and the technique is illustrated with macroeconomic time series from several countries. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Business cycles in the euro area defined with coincident economic indicators and predicted with leading economic indicators
Authors: Ozyildirim Ataman , Schaitkin Brian , Zarnowitz Victor 
Published: December 2009

AbstractClusters of cyclical turning points in the coincident indicators help us identify and date euro area recessions and recoveries in the past several decades. In the USA and some other countries, composite indexes of coincident indicators (CEI) are used to date classical business cycle turning points; also indexes of leading indicators (LEI) are used to help in the difficult task of predicting these turning points. This paper reviews a selection of the available data for monthly and quarterly euro area coincident and leading indicators. From these data, we develop composite indexes using methods analogous to those tested in the US CEI and LEI published by The Conference Board. We compare the resulting business cycle chronology with the existing alternatives and evaluate our selection of leading indicators in the context of how well they predict current economic activity and its major fluctuations for the euro area. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GDP nowcasting with ragged‐edge data: a semi‐parametric modeling
Authors: Ferrara Laurent , Guégan Dominique , Rakotomarolahy Patrick 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper formalizes the process of forecasting unbalanced monthly datasets in order to obtain robust nowcasts and forecasts of quarterly gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate through a semi‐parametric modeling. This innovative approach lies in the use of non‐parametric methods, based on nearest neighbors and on radial basis function approaches, to forecast the monthly variables involved in the parametric modeling of GDP using bridge equations. A real‐time experience is carried out on euro area vintage data in order to anticipate, with an advance ranging from 6 to 1 months, the GDP flash estimate for the whole zone. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic probit models and financial variables in recession forecasting
Authors: Nyberg Henri 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper, various financial variables are examined as predictors of the probability of a recession in the USA and Germany. We propose a new dynamic probit model that outperforms the standard static model, giving accurate out‐of‐sample forecasts in both countries for the recession period that began in 2001, as well as the beginning of the recession in 2008. In accordance with previous findings, the domestic term spread proves to be an important predictive variable, but stock market returns and the foreign term spread also have predictive power in both countries. In the case of Germany, the interest rate differential between the USA and Germany is also a useful additional predictor. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 reversibly affects the time course of NMDA‐induced currents in cultured rat hippocampal neurons
Authors: Gorkiewicz Tomasz , Szczuraszek Katarzyna , Wyrembek Paulina , Michaluk Piotr , Kaczmarek Leszek , Mozrzymas Jerzy W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMatrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in maintenance of NMDA receptor‐dependent LTP and in lateral mobility of these receptors. However, the effect of MMP‐9 on NMDA receptor (NMDAR) functional properties is unknown. For this purpose we have investigated the impact of recombinant MMP‐9 on the whole‐cell NMDAR‐mediated current responses in cultured hippocampal neurons. Treatment with MMP‐9 induced a reversible acceleration of desensitization and deactivation kinetics but had no effect on current amplitude. Interestingly, phorbol ester, a PKC activator known to enhance NMDAR lateral mobility, induced kinetic changes of currents similar to those produced by MMP‐9. In conclusion, our results show that MMP‐9 reversibly modulates the NMDAR kinetics and raise a possibility that this modulation could be related to the lateral mobility of these receptors. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute stress disrupts paired pulse facilitation and long‐term potentiation in rat dorsal hippocampus through activation of glucocorticoid receptors
Authors: Cazakoff Brittany N. , Howland John G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCognitive functions such as learning and memory are widely believed to depend on patterns of short‐ and long‐term synaptic plasticity. Factors, such as acute stress, which affect learning and memory, may do so by altering patterns of synaptic plasticity in distinct neural circuits. Numerous studies have examined the effects of acute stress on long‐term synaptic plasticity; however, few have examined its influence on short‐term plasticity. The present experiments directly assessed the effects of acute stress on short‐term synaptic plasticity as measured by paired pulse facilitation (PPF) of excitatory postsynaptic potentials recorded from rat dorsal hippocampus (dHip) in vivo. Long‐term potentiation (LTP) was also examined. Acute stress induced by exposure to an elevated platform impaired PPF and LTP in the dHip. Pretreatment of rats exposed to stress with mifepristone (RU38486; 10 mg kg−1) blocked the stress‐induced impairment of both PPF and LTP. These data demonstrate that activation of glucocorticoid receptors during acute stress disrupts normal patterns of both PPF and LTP in the dHip. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tuning afferent synapses of hippocampal interneurons by neuropeptide Y
Authors: Ledri Marco , Sørensen Andreas Toft , Erdelyi Ferenc , Szabo Gabor , Kokaia Merab 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCholecystokinin (CCK)‐expressing basket cells encompass a subclass of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons that regulate memory‐forming oscillatory network activity of the hippocampal formation in accordance to the emotional and motivational state of the animal, conveyed onto these cells by respective extrahippocampal afferents. Various excitatory and inhibitory afferent and efferent synapses of the hippocampal CCK basket cells express serotoninergic, cholinergic, cannabinoid, and benzodiazepine sensitive receptors, all contributing to their functional plasticity. We explored whether CCK basket cells are modulated by neuropeptide Y (NPY), one of the major local neuropeptides that strongly inhibits hippocampal excitability and has significant effect on its memory function. Here, using GAD65‐GFP transgenic mice for prospective identification of CCK basket cells and whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings, we show for the first time that excitatory and inhibitory inputs onto CCK basket cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus are modulated by NPY through activation of NPY Y2 receptors. The frequency of spontaneous and miniature EPSCs, as well as the amplitudes of stimulation‐evoked EPSCs were decreased. Similarly, the frequency of both spontaneous and miniature IPSCs, and the amplitudes of stimulation‐evoked IPSCs were decreased after NPY application. Most of the effects of NPY could be attributed to a presynaptic site of action. Our data provide the first evidence that the excitatory and inhibitory inputs onto the CCK basket cells could be modulated by local levels of NPY, and may change the way these cells process extrahippocampal afferent information, influencing hippocampal function and its network excitability during normal and pathological oscillatory activities. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential regulation of synaptic plasticity of the hippocampal and the hypothalamic inputs to the anterior thalamus
Authors: Tsanov Marian , Vann Seralynne D. , Erichsen Jonathan T. , Wright Nick , Aggleton John P. , O'Mara Shane M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe hippocampus projects to the anterior thalamic nuclei both directly and indirectly via the mammillary bodies, but little is known about the electrophysiological properties of these convergent pathways. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of long‐term plasticity in anterior thalamic nuclei synapses in response to high‐ and low‐frequency stimulation (LFS) in urethane‐anesthetized rats. We compared the synaptic changes evoked via the direct vs. the indirect hippocampal pathways to the anterior thalamus, and found that long‐term potentiation (LTP) of the thalamic field response is induced predominantly through the direct hippocampal projections. Furthermore, we have estimated that that long‐term depression (LTD) can be induced only after stimulation of the indirect connections carried by the mammillothalamic tract. Interestingly, basal synaptic transmission mediated by the mammillothalamic tract undergoes use‐dependent, BDNF‐mediated potentiation, revealing a distinct form of plasticity specific to the diencephalic region. Our data indicate that the thalamus does not passively relay incoming information, but rather acts as a synaptic network, where the ability to integrate hippocampal and mammillary body inputs is dynamically modified as a result of previous activity in the circuit. The complementary properties of these two parallel pathways upon anterior thalamic activity reveal that they do not have duplicate functions. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IGF1, IGFBP1, and IGFBP3 genes and mammographic density: The Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Verheus Martijn , Maskarinec Gertraud , Woolcott Christy G. , Haiman Christopher A. , Le Marchand Loïc , Henderson Brian E. , Cheng Iona , Kolonel Laurence N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) has mitogenic properties and stimulates cell growth. In this analysis, we investigated the relation between common genetic variation in IGF1, IGFBP1, and IGFBP3, and mammographic density among 819 women of Hawaiian, European, and Japanese ancestry from the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Mammographic density was assessed using a quantitative computer‐assisted method. Previously identified tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for IGF1 (26 tag SNPs) and IGFBP1/IGFBP3 (22 tag SNPs) were genotyped among the 819 women. Mixed models were conducted to evaluate the associations between genetic variation and mammographic density. Two SNPs were borderline statistical significantly associated with mammographic density: rs35539615 on IGFBP1 (p = 0.05) and rs2453839 on IGFBP3 (p = 0.01). Rs35767on IGF1 (p = 0.03) was also associated with mammographic density, although in opposite direction of what was expected from previous findings with IGF‐I levels. The majority of SNPs were, however, not associated with mammographic density. Analyses stratified by ethnicity showed similar results as the overall analyses for IGF1 and IGFBP1. However, for 4 SNPs in the IGFBP3 gene, the minor allele was associated with lower mammographic density in Japanese Americans and higher mammographic density in Caucasians. Given the large number of SNPs tested and the few borderline significant results, we only found weak evidence that genetic variations in IGFBP1 or IGFBP3 may be related to mammographic density. Ethnicity may modify these relations.