bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving faster R-CNN generalization for intestinal parasite detection using cycle-GAN based data augmentation
Authors: Kumar Satish , Arif Tasleem , Ahamad Gulfam , Chaudhary Anis Ahmad , Ali Mohamed A. M. , Islam Asimul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntestinal parasites pose a widespread challenge in underdeveloped and developing countries, afflicting millions of individuals. Traditional, manual light microscopes have been golden method for detecting these parasites, but they are not only expensive but also time-consuming and require specialized expertise. Recent advances in deep learning, however, have shown promise for overcoming these obstacles. The condition is that deep learning models require labeled medical imaging data, which is both scarce and costly to generate. This makes it difficult to establish universal deep learning models that required extensive amounts of data. To improve the performance of deep learning, we employed a generative adversarial network to fabricate a synthetic dataset. Our framework exploits the potential of Generative Adversarial Networks (CycleGANs) and Faster RCNN to generate new datasets and detect intestinal parasites, respectively, on images of varying quality, leading to improved model generalizability and diversity. In this experiment, we evaluated the effectiveness of Cycle Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) + Faster RCNN. We employed widely-used evaluation metrics such as precision, recall, and F1-score. We demonstrated that the proposed framework effectively augmented the image dataset and improved the detection performance, with an F1-Score of 0.95 and mIoU of 0.97 are achieved, which is better than without data augmentation. We show that this state-of-the-art approach sets the stage for further advancements in the field of medical image analysis. Additionally, we have built a new dataset, which is now publicly accessible, offering a broader range of classes and variability for future research and development.
Bioactive compounds from micro-algae and its application in foods: a review
Authors: Siddhnath  , Surasani Vijay Kumar Reddy , Singh Arashdeep , Singh Shiv Mohan , Hauzoukim  , Murthy L. Narasimha , Baraiya Kirankumar Gopalbhai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe marine ecosystem is a vast source of diversified biota that includes more than half of the world’s biota including marine microorganisms; algae, invertebrates, and fish. Most of these organisms constitute complex biomolecules, allowing, them to thrive under extreme environmental conditions. These biomolecules are proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, phenolics, peptides, etc. perform various biological functions depending on the source. In addition to the basic functions, they also exhibit diverse functional properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antidiabetic and antihypertensive properties etc., which make them potential candidates for application in the food and pharmaceutical industry. The marine microalgae and cyanobacteria are a very rich source of these functional molecules with several biological applications related with health benefits and food applications. The viewpoint details the potential and bioactive compound profile of marine micro algae, extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds from marine micro algae and its application in the food industry.
Statistical Properties of Exohiss Waves and Associated Scattering Losses of Radiation Belt Electrons
Authors: Zou Wenqian , Li Haimeng , Hu Peng , Wang Dedong , Tang Rongxin , Ouyang Zhihai , Yuan An , Feng Bopu , Deng Xiaohua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExohiss waves are a type of structureless whistler‐mode waves that exist in the low density plasmatrough outside the plasmapause and may potentially perturb the motions of electrons in the radiation belt and ring current. Using data from Van Allen Probe A, we analyze the distribution of magnetic power spectral density (PSD) of exohiss waves in different magnetic local time (MLT) and L‐shell regions near the geomagnetic equator. The results reveal that the peak magnetic PSD of exohiss waves is the weakest at MLT = 0–6 and the strongest at MLT = 12–18. The magnetic PSDs of exohiss waves are much lower than those of chorus and hiss waves except for the MLT = 12–18 sector. In addition, we calculated the quasi‐linear bounce‐averaged pitch angle and momentum diffusion coefficients (〈Dαα〉 and 〈Dpp〉) of electrons caused by exohiss waves. The diffusion coefficients are then compared with those caused by chorus and hiss waves. The peak 〈Dαα〉 of electrons driven by exohiss waves becomes stronger as L‐shell increases at all MLTs and is the greatest on the dayside, especially in the sector of MLT = 12–18. Exohiss waves have more significant effect on the loss of radiation belt electrons with specific energy levels related to MLT and L‐shell region compared to chorus and hiss waves. On the other hand, 〈Dpp〉 of electrons caused by exohiss waves is very small, which illustrates that exohiss waves have almost no acceleration effect on electrons.
EMIC Wave Energy Dissipation as a Source of O+ Conics and Warm Plasma Cloak in the Earth's Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Gamayunov Konstantin V. , Kim Hyomin , Shin Youra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on a specific source of the O+ conics and warm plasma cloak in the Earth's inner magnetosphere due to electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave energy dissipation. We analyze the EMIC wave event observed by Van Allen Probe‐A in the early afternoon off equatorial magnetosphere on 18 November 2015, where the two dominant EMIC wave bands, He+‐band and H+‐band, were observed for ∼4 min. All the wave and plasma parameters, the DC magnetic field, and ion distributions needed for our analysis are taken from the Van Allen Probe‐A observations during the event. The major results of our analysis are as follows. (a) The H+ and He+ heating by EMIC waves is negligible. (b) A strong heating of O+ by the wave energy dissipation around the third, fifth, and sixth harmonics of the O+ gyrofrequency is revealed, where the majority of energy dissipated goes into heating of O+ with the energies ≲100 eV and pitch angles ∼20°–90°. The estimated energy deposition rate is ∼0.1–3.4 eV/s per O+, totaling to the deposition of ∼20–800 eV per O+ during the event. (c) EMIC waves substantially contribute to the formation of O+ conics and warm plasma cloak by heating the upgoing low‐energy ionospheric O+ because waves heat ions with the energies and pitch angles that are characteristic of conics and warm plasma cloak, and the energy deposition per O+ is comparable to those characteristic energies.
Sensitivities of Spectral Optical Properties of Dust Aerosols to Their Mineralogical and Microphysical Properties
Authors: Zhang Yuheng , Saito Masanori , Yang Ping , Schuster Gregory , Trepte Charles 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDust aerosol is a key component in global radiative forcing and climate modeling. We developed a mineralogy‐resolved spectral optical property model for dust aerosols. The model incorporates nine mineral groups and applies the effective medium methods to obtain the spectral complex refractive indices of inhomogeneous dust particles. This study considers 5,000 sets of dust mineral composition mixtures along with the use of the bimodal particle size distribution. We calculate the bulk properties of these samples in a wide spectral range from 0.2 to 50 μm using a comprehensive database of hexahedral dust single‐scattering properties. Through sensitivity analyses, this study reveals that the illite and hematite components substantially affect the optical properties of dust. Furthermore, the effective radii of both the fine‐mode and the coarse‐mode dust particles have significant impacts on the bulk optical properties, albeit to varying degrees.
Examination of Vorticity and Divergence on a Rotating Turbulent Convection Model of Jupiter's Polar Vortices
Authors: Cai Tao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe correlation between divergence and vorticity has traditionally served as a signature of convection in rotating fluids. While this correlation has been observed in the JIRAM brightness temperature data for Jupiter's polar vortices, it is notably absent in the JIRAM images. This discrepancy presents a new challenge in determining whether this correlation can serve as a reliable signature of convection in rapidly rotating atmospheres. In this study, we analyzed data from a three‐dimensional simulation of Jupiter's polar vortices using a deep convection model. Our findings confirm the theoretical prediction of a negative correlation between divergence and vorticity in the northern hemisphere. Interestingly, this correlation is weaker within the cyclones compared to outside them. The skewness of upflows and downflows plays an important role in this negative correlation. We also observed that the correlation varies with height, being strongest near the interface and decaying away from it. The correlation diminishes when the resolution is reduced. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the geostrophic approximation may not be suitable for the Jovian atmosphere, particularly in the stable layer. Both tilting and stretching effects contribute to the material derivative of vorticity, with the tilting effect dominating in the unstable layer and the stretching effect prevailing in the stable layer. This suggests a transfer of vorticity from the convectively unstable layer to the stable layer. Consistent with observations, we also noted an upscale energy transfer from smaller to larger scales.
The 3D Crustal Structure in the Epicentral Region of the 1980, Mw 6.9, Southern Apennines Earthquake (Southern Italy): New Constraints From the Integration of Seismic Exploration Data, Deep Wells, and Local Earthquake Tomography
Authors: Feriozzi F. , Improta L. , Maesano F. E. , De Gori P. , Basili R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present the first 3D crustal model of the epicentral region of the 1980, Mw 6.9, normal‐faulting Irpinia earthquake (southern Italy) determined by jointly interpreting the CROP‐04 deep seismic profile, a grid of commercial seismic lines, deep exploration wells, and a high‐resolution Local Earthquake Tomography. Despite numerous seismotectonic surveys and source studies of the background seismicity recorded by dense networks, a complete 3D geological model of the mid‐upper crust was still lacking in the region. The architecture of the Neogene fold‐and‐thrust belt is also debated, with competing thin‐ and thick‐skinned tectonic interpretations. We use the 3D geological model derived from subsurface exploration data to interpret the upper crustal tomographic velocities in terms of rock physical properties, while Vp and Vp/Vs anomalies provide inferences on the deep structural setting down to 12 km depth. We find that a thick‐skinned deformation style allows explaining the geometry of Pliocene fold‐and‐thrust systems deforming the Apulian carbonates but also deeper Permo‐Triassic metasediments and the Paleozoic crystalline femic basement. Inherited compressional structures and lithological heterogeneities control background seismicity occurring at two crustal levels. Fluid‐driven shallow seismicity (<4–6 km) concentrates in a high‐Vp/Vs wedge of fractured, brine‐saturated Mesozoic stiff rocks delimited by the 1980 earthquake faults. Deep seismicity (9–14 km) clusters instead within the low‐Vp/Vs crystalline basement underneath the Apulian carbonate ramp‐anticlines. Commercial seismic data allow us to identify the Irpinia Fault, the main fault ruptured by the 1980 earthquake, reinforcing its previous interpretations as an immature structure with subtle geological and geophysical evidence.
Precipitation Seasonality Amplifies as Earth Warms
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Luo Ming , Song Fengfei , Wu Sijia , Chen Yongqin David , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrecipitation exhibits a pronounced seasonal cycle, of which the phase and amplitude are closely associated with water resource management. While previous studies suggested an emerged delaying phase in the past decades, whether the amplified amplitude has emerged is controversial. Using multiple observational data sets and climate simulations, here we show that the amplification of precipitation annual cycle has emerged in most global land areas since the 1980s, especially in the tropics. These amplifications are mainly driven by anthropogenic emissions, and will be further intensified by 17.6% in the future (2081–2100) under high emission scenario (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, SSP585), and limited to 7.2% under SSP126 scenario, relative to the historical period (1982–2014). Precipitation seasonality will be amplified by 4.2% for each 1°C of global warming, which is seen in all emission scenarios. The mitigation of lower emissions is helpful for alleviating the amplification of precipitation seasonality in a warming world.
AirCore Observations at Northern Tibetan Plateau During the Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Yi You , Cai Zhaonan , Liu Yi , Tao Mengchu , Fang Shuangxi , Yang Dongxu , Bai Zhixuan , Liang Miao , Yao Bo , Bian Jianchun , Honomichl Shawn B. , Randel William J. , Pan Laura L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present data and analysis of a set of balloon‐borne sounding profiles, which includes co‐located O3, CO, CH4, and particles, over the northern Tibetan Plateau during an Asian summer monsoon (ASM) season. These novel measurements shed light on the ASM transport behavior near the northern edge of the anticyclone. Joint analyses of these species with the temperature and wind profiles and supported by back trajectory modeling identify three distinct transport processes that dominate the vertical chemical structure in the middle troposphere, upper troposphere (UT), and the tropopause region. The correlated changes in profile structures in the middle troposphere highlight the influence of the strong westerly jet. Elevated constituent concentrations in the UT identify the main level of convective transport at the upstream source regions. Observed higher altitude maxima for CH4 characterize the airmasses' continued ascent following convection. These data complement constituent observations from other parts of the ASM anticyclone.
Ground‐Based Observations of 337 nm and 777 nm Optical Emissions Produced by Lightning
Authors: Roncancio José A. , Montanyà Joan , López Jesús A. , Urbani Michele , van der Velde Oscar A. , Arcanjo Marcelo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLightning flashes were observed in Barrancabermeja (Colombia) by two photometers centered at 337 and 777 nm wavelengths, a high‐speed camera, and the Colombia Lightning Mapping Array. Both optical and VHF radio emissions of different lightning processes are investigated. Flash initiations by upward in‐cloud breakdown present a first short optical pulse followed by a period of ∼1 kHz breakdown propagation. The ratio remains at unity or below, associated with the transition to negative horizontal leader propagation. In flash initiations by a fast‐stepped negative downward leader to ground, a dominance of the 337 nm radiance is found. Observations of downward leaders before ground strokes reveal that the luminosity measured by the photometers is dominated most of the time by the light coming from the cloud and not from the visible leader channels. One case of a visible cloud‐to‐ground channel with positive continuing current shows a high similarity in the evolution of the luminosity along the channel, 777 nm radiance, and the energy detected by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper from space. Finally, two types of recoil leaders have been observed: connecting and non‐connecting. Whereas the measured 777 nm peak radiance is similar in both types of recoil leaders, connecting recoil leaders present about seven times higher 337 nm peak radiance. Our observations generally show agreement between the VHF power and optical emissions.
Sinensetin protects against periodontitis through binding to Bach1 enhancing its ubiquitination degradation and improving oxidative stress
Authors: Yuan Zhiyao , Li Junjie , Xiao Fuyu , Wu Yu , Zhang Zhiting , Shi Jiahong , Qian Jun , Wu Xudong , Yan Fuhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory and immune reactive disease induced by the subgingival biofilm. The therapeutic effect for susceptible patients is often unsatisfactory due to excessive inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Sinensetin (Sin) is a nature polymethoxylated flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Our study aimed to explore the beneficial effect of Sin on periodontitis and the specific molecular mechanisms. We found that Sin attenuated oxidative stress and inflammatory levels of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) under inflammatory conditions. Administered Sin to rats with ligation-induced periodontitis models exhibited a protective effect against periodontitis in vivo. By molecular docking, we identified Bach1 as a strong binding target of Sin, and this binding was further verified by cellular thermal displacement assay and immunofluorescence assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction results also revealed that Sin obstructed the binding of Bach1 to the HMOX1 promoter, subsequently upregulating the expression of the key antioxidant factor HO-1. Further functional experiments with Bach1 knocked down and overexpressed verified Bach1 as a key target for Sin to exert its antioxidant effects. Additionally, we demonstrated that Sin prompted the reduction of Bach1 by potentiating the ubiquitination degradation of Bach1, thereby inducing HO-1 expression and inhibiting oxidative stress. Overall, Sin could be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of periodontitis by targeting binding to Bach1.
Reduction of APOE accounts for neurobehavioral deficits in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: Hwang Hye M. , Yamashita Satoshi , Matsumoto Yu , Ito Mariko , Edwards Alex , Sasaki Junko , Dutta Dipankar J. , Mohammad Shahid , Yamashita Chiho , Wetherill Leah , Schwantes-An Tae-Hwi , Abreu Marco , Mahnke Amanda H. , Mattson Sarah N. , Foroud Tatiana , Miranda Rajesh C. , Chambers Christina , Torii Masaaki , Hashimoto-Torii Kazue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA hallmark of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is neurobehavioral deficits that still do not have effective treatment. Here, we present that reduction of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is critically involved in neurobehavioral deficits in FASD. We show that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) changes chromatin accessibility ofApoelocus, and causes reduction of APOE levels in both the brain and peripheral blood in postnatal mice. Of note, postnatal administration of an APOE receptor agonist (APOE-RA) mitigates motor learning deficits and anxiety in those mice. Several molecular and electrophysiological properties essential for learning, which are altered by PAE, are restored by APOE-RA. Our human genome-wide association study further reveals that the interaction of PAE and a single nucleotide polymorphism in theAPOEenhancer which chromatin is closed by PAE in mice is associated with lower scores in the delayed matching-to-sample task in children. APOE in the plasma is also reduced in PAE children, and the reduced level is associated with their lower cognitive performance. These findings suggest that controlling the APOE level can serve as an effective treatment for neurobehavioral deficits in FASD.
Phosphorylation of FOXK2 at Thr13 and Ser30 by PDK2 sustains glycolysis through a positive feedback manner in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhang Cancan , Xu Yinyin , Zhu Xinyue , Zhang Xueli , Wang Fengmian , Hu Lipeng , Lu Huan , Tao Chunlin , Xu Kai , Zhang Zhigang , Li Dongxue , Shi Tingyan , Zhang Rong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOvarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors with insidious onset, strong invasiveness, and poor prognosis. Metabolic alteration, particularly aerobic glycolysis, which is tightly regulated by transcription factors, is associated with the malignant behavior of OC. We screened FOXK2 in this study as a key transcription factor that regulates glycolysis in OC. FOXK2 is overly expressed in OC, and poor prognosis is predicted by overexpression. FOXK2 promotes OC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo and cell migration in vitro. Further studies showed that PDK2 directly binds to the forkhead-associated (FHA) domain of FOXK2 to phosphorylate FOXK2 at Thr13 and Ser30, thereby enhancing the transcriptional activity of FOXK2. FOXK2 transcriptionally regulates the expression of PDK2, thus forming positive feedback to sustain glycolysis in OC cells.
Elevated SCN11A concentrations associated with lower serum lipid levels in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Xu Ke , Zhao Shuang , Ren Yi , Zhong Qi , Feng Jinzhou , Tu Dianji , Wu Wentao , Wang Jiaolin , Chen Jianjun , Xie Peng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) involves lipid metabolism. Our earlier research also revealed that MDD patients had much lower total cholesterol (TC) concentrations than healthy controls (HCs). However, it is still unclear why TC decreased in MDD. Here, based on the Ingenuity Knowledge Base’s ingenuity pathway analysis, we found that sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 11A (SCN11A) might serve as a link between low lipid levels and MDD. We analyzed the TC levels and used ELISA kits to measure the levels of SCN11A in the serum from 139 MDD patients, and 65 HCs to confirm this theory and explore the potential involvement of SCN11A in MDD. The findings revealed that TC levels were considerably lower and SCN11A levels were remarkably increased in MDD patients than those in HCs, while they were significantly reversed in drug-treatment MDD patients than in drug-naïve MDD patients. There was no significant difference in SCN11A levels among MDD patients who used single or multiple antidepressants, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or other antidepressants. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of TC and SCN11A were linked with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scales score. A substantial association was also found between TC and SCN11A. Moreover, a discriminative model made up of SCN11A was discovered, which produced an area under a curve of 0.9571 in the training set and 0.9357 in the testing set. Taken together, our findings indicated that SCN11A may serve as a link between low lipid levels and MDD, and showed promise as a candidate biomarker for MDD.