bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of reporting of randomized clinical trials in implant dentistry. A systematic review on critical aspects in design, outcome assessment and clinical relevance
Authors: Cairo Francesco , Sanz Ignacio , Matesanz Paula , Nieri Michele , Pagliaro Umberto 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this systematic review (SR) was to assess the quality of reporting randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in the field of implant dentistry, its evolution over time and the possible relations between quality items and reported outcomes.Material and MethodsRCTs in implant dentistry were retrieved through electronic and hand searches. Risk of bias in individual studies was assessed focusing on study design, outcome assessment and clinical relevance. Associations between quality items and year of publication of RCTs or reporting of statistically significant outcomes were tested.ResultsAmong the 495 originally screened manuscripts published from 1989 to April 2011, 276 RCTs were assessed in this SR; 59% of them were published between 2006 and 2011. RCTs were mainly parallel (65%), with a single centre (83%) and a superiority design (88%). Trials in implant dentistry showed several methodological flaws: only 37% showed a random sequence generation at low risk of bias, 75% did not provide information on allocation concealment, only 12% performed a correct sample size calculation, the examiner was blind solely in 42% of studies where blinding was feasible. In addition, only 21% of RCTs declared operator experience and 31% reported patient‐related outcomes. Many quality items improved over time. Allocation concealment at high risk of bias (p = 0.0125), no information on drop‐out (p = 0.0318) and lack of CONSORT adherence (p = 0.0333) were associated with statistically significant reported outcomes.ConclusionsThe overall quality of reporting of RCTs in implant dentistry is poor and only partially improved in the last years. Caution is suggested when interpreting these RCTs since risk of bias was associated with higher chance of reporting of statistically significant results.
Students' Accuracy of Measurement Estimation: Context, Units, and Logical Thinking
Authors: Jones M. Gail , Gardner Grant E. , Taylor Amy R. , Forrester Jennifer H. , Andre Thomas 
Published: March 2012

This study examined students' accuracy of measurement estimation for linear distances, different units of measure, task context, and the relationship between accuracy estimation and logical thinking. Middle school students completed a series of tasks that included estimating the length of various objects in different contexts and completed a test of logical thinking ability. Results found that the students were not able to give accurate estimations for the lengths of familiar objects. Students were also less accurate in estimating in metric units as compared to English or novel units. Estimation accuracy was dependent on the task context. There were significant differences in estimation accuracy for two‐ versus three‐dimensional estimation tasks. There were no significant differences for estimating objects with different orientations or embedded objects. For the tasks requiring the students to estimate in English units, the embedded task and the three‐dimensional tasks were correlated with logical thinking. For estimation tasks with novel units, three‐dimensional and two‐dimensional estimation tasks were significantly correlated with the logical thinking.In order to interact effectively with our environment it is essential to possess an intuitive grasp of both dimension and scale and to be able to manipulate such information. Estimation, approximating and measuring are all components of such intuition (Forrester, Latham, & Shire, 1990, p. 283).
Multisite Performance Evaluation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba histolytica Antigens in Human Stool
Authors: Christy Nathaniel C. V. , Hencke Janice D. , Escueta-De Cadiz Aleyla , Nazib Forida , von Thien Heidrun , Yagita Kenji , Ligaba Segni , Haque Rashidul , Nozaki Tomoyoshi , Tannich Egbert , Herbein Joel F. , Petri William A. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

A novel fecal antigen detection assay for fresh and frozen human samples that detects but does not differentiate
Giardia
spp,
Cryptosporidium
spp, and
Entamoeba histolytica
, the Tri-Combo parasite screen, was compared to three established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) at three international sites. It exhibited 97.9% sensitivity and 97.0% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 93.4% and 99.1%, respectively. The Tri-Combo test proved a reliable means to limit the use of individual parasite ELISAs to positive samples.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus Rta DNA Binding
Authors: Heilmann Andreas M. F. , Calderwood Michael A. , Portal Daniel , Lu Yong , Johannsen Eric 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic transactivator Rta activates promoters through direct binding to cognate DNA sites termed Rta response elements (RREs). Rta also activates promoters that apparently lack Rta binding sites, notably Zp and Rp. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of endogenous Rta expressed during early replication in B95-8 cells was performed to identify Rta binding sites in the EBV genome. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis showed strong enrichment for known RREs but little or no enrichment for Rp or Zp, suggesting that the Rta ChIP approach enriches for direct Rta binding sites. Rta ChIP combined with deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) identified most known RREs and several novel Rta binding sites. Rta ChIP-seq peaks were frequently upstream of Rta-responsive genes, indicating that these Rta binding sites are likely functioning as RREs. Unexpectedly, the BALF5 promoter contained an Rta binding peak. To assess whether BALF5 might be activated by an RRE-dependent mechanism, an Rta mutant (Rta K156A), deficient for DNA binding and RRE activation but competent for Zp/Rp activation, was used. Rta K156A failed to activate BALF5p, suggesting this promoter can be activated by an RRE-dependent mechanism. Rta binding to late gene promoters was not seen at early time points but was specifically detected at later times within the Rta-responsive BLRF2 and BFRF3 promoters, even when DNA replication was inhibited. Our results represent the first characterization of Rta binding to the EBV genome during replication, identify previously unknown RREs, such as one in BALF5p, and highlight the complexity of EBV late gene promoter activation by Rta.
Assessment of adverse drug event recognition by emergency physicians in a French teaching hospital
Authors: Roulet Lucien , Ballereau Françoise , Hardouin Jean-Benoît , Chiffoleau Anne , Moret Leïla , Potel Gilles , Asseray Nathalie 
Published: February 2012

ObjectivesThe frequency and the severity of drug-related visits in emergency department (ED) make the improvement of adverse drug event (ADE) recognition a crucial issue. As part of a research project aiming to improve the diagnosis and the management of ADEs in ED, the authors conducted a pilot study whose primary objective was to assess ADE recognition by emergency physicians.MethodsThe patients presenting to the ED were included at randomised time periods between 1 October 2007 and 31 March 2008 in this prospective cross-sectional study. The primary outcome was the frequency of ADEs that were attributed to a medication-related problem by the emergency physician.ResultsA total of 423 patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 95 experienced an ADE (22.5%; 95% CI 18.6% to 26.7%). Emergency physicians correctly attributed 33 of these cases (34.7%; 95% CI 25.3% to 45.2%) to a medication-related problem. Of the 28 cases in which the ADE was considered as a ‘direct drug effect’ (29.5%; 95% CI 20.6% to 39.7%), 16 were correctly identified by emergency physicians (57.1%; 95% CI 37.2% to 75.5%). Of the 67 cases in which the ADE was considered as a ‘drug involvement in a multifactorial pathological condition’ (70.5%; 95% CI 60.3% to 79.4%), 17 were correctly attributed (25.4%; 95% CI 15.5% to 37.5%).ConclusionsADEs are frequent in EDs and are not well recognised by emergency physicians, especially when the drug is involved in a multifactorial pathological condition.
Absence of linkage disequilibria between chromosomal arrangements and mtDNA haplotypes in natural populations ofDrosophila subobscurafrom the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Jelić Mihailo , Castro José A. , Kurbalija Novičić Zorana , Kenig Bojan , Dimitrijević Danica , Savić Veselinović Marija , Jovanović Miloš , Milovanović Dragomir , Stamenković-Radak Marina , Andjelković Marko 
Published: March 2012

The genetic structure of Drosophila subobscura from the Balkan Peninsula was studied with respect to restriction site polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA in populations from the Derventa River Gorge and Sicevo Gorge (Serbia). To investigate the role of cytonuclear interactions in shaping mitochondrial DNA variability in natural populations of this species, the study was complemented with the analysis of linkage disequilibria between mitochondrial haplotypes and chromosomal inversion arrangements. Similar to other populations of D. subobscura, two main haplotypes (I and II) were found, as well as a series of less common ones. The frequencies of haplotypes I and II accounted for 25.8% and 71.0%, respectively, in the population from the Derventa River Gorge, and for 32.4% and 58.1%, respectively, in the population from Sicevo Gorge. One of the haplotypes harbored a large insertion (2.7 kb) in the A+T rich region. The frequency distribution of both haplotypes did not depart from neutrality. Contrary to prior studies, we did not detect any significant linkage disequilibrium between the two most frequent mtDNA haplotypes and any of the chromosomal arrangements in either of the populations. We conclude that linkage disequilibrium is not a general occurrence in natural populations of D. subobscura, and we discuss how transient coadaptations, ecologically specific selective pressures, and demographics could contribute to population-specific patterns of linkage disequilibrium.
US central Atlantic: new plays and petroleum prospectivity
Authors: Post Paul J. , Elliott Erin T. , Klazynski Ralph J. , Klocek Elizabeth S. , Decort Thierry M. , Riches Thomas J. , Li Kun 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
During the complex evolution and transition of the United States (US) Central Atlantic from a rift system to a passive margin, five post-rift sedimentary depocentres developed along its approximately 1850 km length. Varying in size, shape and thickness of sediment fill, these depocentres are separated by interbasin arches and regions lacking major post-rift sedimentary depocentres.
From 1976 until 1984, a single phase of exploratory drilling was carried out in three of these depocentres. Located primarily on the continental shelf, the tested play types resulted in a single, modest natural gas discovery. The drilling clarified the risks of various petroleum system elements and processes in the areas and plays tested.
During 2010, a new resource inventory covering the area was completed by a team of Bureau of Ocean Energy Management geologists and engineers. The inventory incorporated and applied modern exploration concepts and key new learnings from NE-adjacent offshore Nova Scotia, conjugate NW Africa and the African transform margin. Nine new conceptual plays and a single proven high-risk play have been identified and their resources inventoried.
East Indian margin evolution and crustal architecture: integration of deep reflection seismic interpretation and gravity modelling
Authors: Nemčok M. , Sinha S. T. , Stuart C. J. , Welker C. , Choudhuri M. , Sharma S. P. , Misra A. A. , Sinha N. , Venkatraman S. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The segmented East Indian continental margin developed after the Early Cretaceous break-up from Antarctica. Its continental crust terminates abruptly without considerable thinning along the Coromondal strike-slip segment and thins considerably before it terminates in the orthogonal rifting segments. The segments have an exhumed continental mantle corridor oceanwards of them. This, proto-oceanic crust, corridor varies in width from segment to segment, indicating a relationship with varying break-up-controlling tectonics of the adjacent margin segments.
The top of the proto-oceanic crust is imaged by a higher reflectivity zone, while its base does not have any distinct signature. A contorted system of reflectors represents its internal structure. Its gravity signature is a longer-wavelength anomaly with peak values up to 30 mGal less negative than surrounding values. Its magnetic signature is represented by a positive anomaly with peak values of 0–56 nT. Wide proto-oceanic segments are adjacent to margin segments that are preceded by the orthogonally rifting Cauvery, Krishna–Godavari and Mahanadi rift zones. A narrow proto-oceanic segment is adjacent to the margin segment initiated by the dextral Coromondal transfer zone. A combination of seismic interpretation and gravity/magnetic forward modelling indicates that proto-oceanic crust is most probably composed of lower crust slivers and unroofed hydrated upper mantle, being formed between the late rifting and the organized sea-floor spreading.
Psychiatrists' experiences of stalking in Ireland: prevalence and characteristics
Authors: Nwachukwu Izu , Agyapong Vincent , Quinlivan Leah , Tobin John , Malone Kevin 
Published: March 2012

Aims and methodAccumulating evidence suggest that psychiatrists may be at greater risk of being stalked compared with the general population. We used a self-administered questionnaire to survey psychiatrists in Ireland about their experiences, practices and attitudes regarding work-related stalking.ResultsWe found that 25.1% of psychiatrists in Ireland had been the subject of stalking behaviour at some point in their career. At the time of the survey, 5.5% of respondents were actively being stalked. The majority of the stalking occurred in the workplace and most of the perpetrators were patients. Most of the victims were unaware of guidelines or other supportive mechanisms in their workplace. Of those who reported their experiences to authorities, almost half were not satisfied with the support they received.Clinical implicationsStalking of psychiatrists is not uncommon. Employers should put in place supportive structures backed up by education and training to reduce the incidence, associated morbidity and other wider consequences of stalking.
Avoiding deaths in hospital from anorexia nervosa: the MARSIPAN project
Authors: Robinson Paul 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe MARSIPAN (MAnagement of Really SIck Patients with Anorexia Nervosa) project was established in response to reports of patients admitted to medical wards and proving refractory to treatment, sometimes dying on the ward. Psychiatrists, physicians and other clinicians in nutrition and eating disorders were brought together to discuss key issues in the assessment and management of such patients. The resulting guidance report, which applies to adult patients over 18, addresses: assessment of risk, where to treat the patient, specialist support for medical teams, key elements of treatment, namely (a) safe refeeding to avoid refeeding syndrome and underfeeding syndrome, (b) management of problematic behaviours, (c) support for the family, and (d) transfer to a specialist eating disorder unit when appropriate and possible.
Differences in Complexity of Discharge Medication Regimens between Men and Women Discharged from Acute Care to Home following Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Weeks Douglas L. , Willson Megan N. , Greer Christopher L. 
Published: March 2012

Purpose This study determined whether discharge medication regimens that patients managed at home following hip or knee total joint arthroplasty differed between men and women. Comparisons were made among overall complexity of the regimen and the separate components contributing to complexity: number of medications, dosage forms, dosing frequencies, and additional administration directions. Methods Patient demographics and discharge medication regimens for serially discharged patients were retrospectively collected for a 3-month period from medical records at a large urban acute care hospital. Complexity of discharge medication regimens was quantified with the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI), which accounts for each separate component of complexity. Results The serial sample comprised 105 men and 93 women discharged to home following total joint arthroplasty. Men and women did not differ by hospital length of stay or by proportions with the most common secondary diagnoses (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes). Women were discharged with significantly more complex medication regimens to manage at home than men ( P = .047). Among the individual components contributing to complexity, women were discharged with significantly more medications on their lists than men ( P = .006) and had significantly larger dosing frequency scores than men ( P = .01). Conclusions Women discharged to home following lower extremity total joint arthroplasty may be at greater risk for an adverse drug event than men due to increased medication regimen complexity. These findings suggest that attempts should be made to mitigate this risk through reduced regimen complexity, specifically targeting dosing frequency, increased education for patients with complex regimens, or increased monitoring.
Indacaterol
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E. 
Published: March 2012

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The March 2012 monograph topics are on fentanyl sublingual spray, axitinib, crofelemer, ferric carboxymaltose, and tofacitinib. The DUE/MUE is on fentanyl prompt-release oral formulations.
Validity Now and Then
Authors: Normore C. G. 
Published: February 2012

It is often said that an argument is valid if and only if it is impossible for its premises to be jointly true and its conclusion false. Usually there is little harm in saying this but it places the concept of truth at the very heart of logic and, given how complex and obscure that concept is, one might wonder if trouble arises from this.It does - in at least two contexts. One of these was explored in the first half of the fourteenth century by Jean Buridan and by the mysterious figure known as the Pseudo-Scotus of the Questions on the Prior Analytics printed in the edition of Scotus's works edited by Luke Wadding. Buridan thought that the bearers of truth were particular sentence-tokens; he thought of ttuth as a property of those tokens and he thought that nothing had properties unless it existed.
Hydrogen desorption behaviour of a ball-milled graphite - LiBH4 composite
Authors: Zhang Yinghe , Bevan Alexander , Book David 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTGraphite that had been ball-milled for 10 h in 3 bar hydrogen, was then mixed with lithium borohydride (2:1 molar ratio of graphite to LiBH4) and milled for a further 2 h. This resulted in a significantly enhanced the hydrogen desorption properties: compared with the pure hydrogenated milled graphite, added LiBH4 lowered the desorption temperature by 170°C, to 230°C, and increase the hydrogen desorption from 5.6 to 9.3 wt%, heating to 500°C. There was no detectable methane generation in the desorption gas.
Presence of JP2 and Non‐JP2 Genotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Attachment Loss in Adolescents in Ghana
Authors: Åberg Carola Höglund , Kwamin Francis , Claesson Rolf , Johansson Anders , Haubek Dorte 
Published: March 2012

Background: Limited data are reported concerning the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and attachment loss (AL) in sub‐Saharan countries. The authors investigate the carrier frequency of JP2 and non‐JP2 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans and the presence of AL in Ghanaian adolescents and evaluate socioeconomic conditions and oral hygiene practices.Methods: Five hundred individuals (mean ± SD age: 13.2 ± 1.5 years) in public and private schools were interviewed about demographic characteristics and oral hygiene practices and were given a full‐mouth periodontal examination. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from periodontal sites around permanent first molars and incisors. The carrier status of A. actinomycetemcomitans at the individual level was determined based on results obtained by cultivation and polymerase chain reaction.Results: The findings of this study show a relatively high carrier rate of JP2 and non‐JP2 genotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the Ghanaian adolescent population and the presence of this bacterium is associated with the occurrence of AL. The overall carrier rate of A. actinomycetemcomitans was 54.4%, and the highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype was detected in 8.8% of the study population. A total of 107 (21.4%) individuals had ≥1 tooth with AL ≥3 mm. The majority of the individuals carrying A. actinomycetemcomitans (80.1%) (P <0.001) and of the periodontally diseased individuals (91.6%) (P <0.001) were found in public schools.Conclusions: A. actinomycetemcomitans and AL were frequently found in Ghanaian adolescents. The school type was the strongest predictor of both presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and AL.
Developing a Sustainability Plan at a Large U.S. College of Education
Authors: Smith Grinell 
Published: March 2012

Developing a Sustainability Plan at a Large U.S. College of EducationDespite growing awareness of its importance, most sustainability education efforts in tertiary institutions do not significantly impact curricula. This paper details some of the activities and processes used to draft a sustainability strategic plan designed to address sustainability at the curricular level rather than merely the operational level within a large college of education at a large U.S. public university. The plan is also presented. Our goal was not to articulate a fixed policy but rather to produce a coherent plan that (1) fosters awareness and encourage people to join the effort and (2) readily accommodates input as more people become involved. The plan consists of three position statements, five broad recommendations and 20 specific actions aligned with the five recommendations. The hope is that our development processes, analyses and plan will be useful to other teacher education colleges and other groups with similar organisational structures interested in developing sustainability plans.