bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions during the growing season from temperate maize‐soybean intercrops
Authors: Dyer Lisa , Oelbermann Maren , Echarte Laura 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Argentine Pampa is one of the major global regions for the production of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. [Merr.]), but intense management practices have led to soil degradation and amplified greenhouse‐gas (GHG) emissions. This paper presents preliminary data on the effect of maize‐soybean intercrops compared with maize and soybean sole crops on the short‐term emission rates of CO2 and N2O and its relationship to soil moisture or temperature over two field seasons. Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the maize sole crop and intercrops, whereas soil bulk density was significantly lower in the intercrops. Soil CO2 emission rates were significantly greater in the maize sole crop but did not differ significantly for N2O emissions. Over two field seasons, both trace gases showed a general trend of greater emission rates in the maize sole crop followed by the soybean sole crop and were lowest in the intercrops. Linear regression between soil GHG (CO2 and N2O) emission rates and soil temperature or volumetric soil moisture were not significant except in the 1:2 intercrop where a significant relationship was observed between N2O emissions and soil temperature in the first field season and between N2O and volumetric soil moisture in the second field season. Our results demonstrated that intercropping in the Argentine Pampa may be a more sustainable agroecosystem land‐management practice with respect to GHG emissions.
Patient rated outcomes and survivorship following cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CS + HIPEC)
Authors: Duckworth Katharine E. , McQuellon Richard P. , Russell Gregory B. , Cashwell Craig S. , Shen Perry , Stewart John H. , Levine Edward A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundCytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CS + HIPEC) is a treatment combining cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic chemotherapy directly into the peritoneal cavity. Recipients may gain extended life when compared with best supportive care; yet results often are achieved with substantial morbidity and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) deficits. The purpose of this study was to record patient rated outcomes and the HRQOL of long‐term survivors.MethodsOne hundred and two patients living 12+ months post‐treatment completed a survey including the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Colon (FACT‐C), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.ResultsSF‐36 Physical Component scores were significantly lower than general population norms (46.7, z = −2.943, P = 0.003), while Mental Component scores were significantly higher (53.6, z = 4.208, P ≤ 0.001). FACT scores were higher than general FACT normative scores. The majority (56%) of these survivors reported significant sleep quality impairment.ConclusionAlthough most HRQOL scores were comparable to or higher than those of the general population, long‐term physical and functional deficits remain. These deficits, along with the poor sleep quality of recipients, may be improved by survivorship programs or targeted psychosocial interventions. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:376–380. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beneficial effects of preoperative lipiodolization for resectable large hepatocellular carcinoma (≥5 cm in diameter)
Authors: Yamashita Yo‐ichi , Takeishi Kazuki , Tsuijita Eiji , Yoshiya Shouhei , Morita Kazutoyo , Kayashima Hiroto , Iguchi Tomohiro , Taketomi Akinobu , Shirabe Ken , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of preoperative lipiodolization (LPD) for large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are controversial.MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken for 137 patients with initial solitary resectable HCC ≥5 cm who underwent hepatic resection between 1995 and 2008. Forty‐two patients underwent preoperative LPD, and clinical data and prognosis were compared to those of patients without preoperative LPD (n = 95).ResultsSurgical results of the LPD group, such as surgical time, surgical blood loss, and the mortality and morbidity rate were statistically equal to those of the nonLPD group. The disease‐free and overall survival of the LPD group were significantly better than those of the nonLPD group, and early tumor recurrence within 1‐year of the LPD group was significantly lower than that of the nonLPD group. According to the multivariate analysis, the absence of preoperative LPD was an independent poor prognostic factor of patients with hepatic resection for HCC ≥5 cm.ConclusionPreoperative LPD suppressed early tumor recurrence and improved patient survival after hepatic resection for HCC ≥5 cm. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:498–503. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implanted upper airway stimulation device for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Van de Heyning Paul H. , Badr M. Safwan , Baskin Jonathan Z. , Cramer Bornemann Michel A. , De Backer Wilfried A. , Dotan Yaniv , Hohenhorst Winfried , Knaack Lennart , Lin Ho‐Sheng , Maurer Joachim T. , Netzer Aviram , Odland Rick M. , Oliven Arie , Strohl Kingman P. , Vanderveken Olivier M. , Verbraecken Johan , Woodson B. Tucker 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Previous feasibility studies have shown that electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve can improve obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The current study examined the safety and preliminary effectiveness of a second generation device, the Upper Airway Stimulation (UAS) system, and identified baseline predictors for therapy success.Study Design:Two consecutive open prospective studies.Methods:UAS systems were implanted in patients with moderate to severe OSA who failed or were intolerant of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The study was conducted in 2 parts. In part 1, patients were enrolled with broad selection criteria. Apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was collected using laboratory‐based polysomnography at preimplant and postimplant visits. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) were also collected. In part 2, patients were enrolled using selection criteria derived from the experience in part 1.Results:In part 1, 20 of 22 enrolled patients (two exited the study) were examined for factors predictive of therapy response. Responders had both a body mass index ≤32 and AHI ≤50 (P < .05) and did not have complete concentric palatal collapse. Part 2 patients (n = 8) were selected using responder criteria and showed an improvement on AHI from baseline, from 38.9 ± 9.8 to 10.0 ± 11.0 (P < .01) at 6 months postimplant. Both ESS and FOSQ improved significantly in part 1 and 2 subjects.Conclusions:The current study has demonstrated that therapy with upper airway stimulation is safe and efficacious in a select group of patients with moderate to severe OSA who cannot or will not use CPAP as primary treatment. Laryngoscope, 2012
Microstructure and electrical properties of (Bi0.50+xNa0.50)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 ceramics with bismuth nonstoichiometry
Authors: Li Anqi , Wu Jiagang , Qiao Sha , Wu Wenjuan , Wu Bo , Xiao Dingquan , Zhu Jianguo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA way to improve the piezoelectric properties of (Bi, Na)TiO3 ceramics is developed by suppressing the evaporation of Bi, and (Bi0.50+xNa0.50)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 (BNBT‐x) ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid‐state method. The effect of Bi nonstoichiometry on the microstructure and electrical properties of BNBT‐x ceramics was investigated. A lower Tm value is demonstrated for BNBT‐x ceramics with Bi nonstoichiometry, and a typical relaxor behavior is observed for BNBT‐x ceramics with excessive Bi. The ceramic with x = 0.01 has higher density and resistivity, and a macroscopic polarization can be induced that consequently can be subject to depolarization at a depolarization temperature. BNBT‐x ceramics with Bi deficiency have a lower dielectric loss than that of those ceramics with Bi excess, while a smaller dielectric constant is observed for those ceramics with Bi deficiency. An enhanced piezoelectric behavior of d33 ∼ 166 pC/N, k33∼43.0%, kp∼33.9%, and Td ∼ 92 °C has been demonstrated for the ceramic with x = 0.01. As a result, this is an effective way to improve the piezoelectric properties of (Bi, Na)TiO3 ceramics by compensating the loss of Bi.
Probing the mechanism and dynamic reversibility of trianglimine formation using real‐time electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Nour Hany F. , Lopez‐Periago Ana M. , Kuhnert Nikolai 
Published: March 2012

RATIONALEThe [3+3]‐cyclocondensation reactions of chiral (1R,2R)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane with aromatic or aliphatic bis‐aldehydes to form trianglimine macrocycles were reported a decade ago and were believed to proceed through a stepwise mechanistic pathway; however, no intermediates were ever isolated or detected and characterized.METHODSWe investigated the mechanism of the [3+3]‐cyclocondensation reaction using a selection of dialdehyde starting materials using real‐time electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry.RESULTSWe observed up to a maximum of 16 reaction intermediates along the reaction pathway, more than for any other multistep reaction reported. We also probed the dynamic reversibility of trianglimines using selected small dynamic combinatorial libraries and showed that trianglimine formation is indeed fully reversible.CONCLUSIONSThis study represents a significant contribution towards understanding the mechanism of trianglimine formation and its potential applicability can be extended to include other cascade reactions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotic assistance may reduce conversion to open in rectal carcinoma laparoscopic surgery: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ortiz‐Oshiro Elena , Sánchez‐Egido Iris , Moreno‐Sierra Jesús , Pérez Cristina Fernández , Díaz Jesús Sánchez , Fernández‐Represa Jesús Álvarez 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundWe hypothesized that robotic assistance (RARS) could provide better intraoperative and short‐term outcomes than a traditional laparoscopic approach (LARS) to rectal cancer surgery.MethodsSystematic review of the literature, including electronic searches and communications to international robotic meetings. Inclusion criteria: studies involving rectal cancer patients and comparing outcomes of robotic surgery vs laparoscopic surgery. Primary end‐points: conversion and postoperative short‐term complications. Meta‐analysis performed using Review Manager 5.0 software.ResultsFive case–control studies involving 486 patients (203 RARS–283 LARS) were finally included. Conversion to open rate (RR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.12,0.78) was lower for RARS. No differences were found in oncological outcomes, hospital stay or anastomotic leakage.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis of available non‐randomized studies suggests that conversion to open rate may be reduced when using RARS instead of LARS for rectal cancer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrafast Dynamics of Exciton Formation in Semiconductor Nanowires
Authors: Yong Chaw Keong , Joyce Hannah J. , Lloyd‐Hughes James , Gao Qiang , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Johnston Michael B. , Herz Laura M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe dynamics of free electron–hole pairs and excitons in GaAs–AlGaAs–GaAs core–shell–skin nanowires is investigated using femtosecond transient photoluminescence spectroscopy at 10 K. Following nonresonant excitation, a bimolecular interconversion of the initially generated electron–hole plasma into an exciton population is observed. This conducting‐to‐insulating transition appears to occur gradually over electron–hole charge pair densities of 2–4 × 1016 cm−3. The smoothness of the Mott transition is attributed to the slow carrier‐cooling during the bimolecular interconversion of free charge carriers into excitons and to the presence of chemical‐potential fluctuations leading to inhomogeneous spectral characteristics. These results demonstrate that high‐quality nanowires are model systems for investigating fundamental scientific effects in 1D heterostructures.
Mosaiktrisomie 8p11.21q11.21 als Prädisposition für myeloische Leukämien
Authors: Ripperger T. , Schlegelberger B. , Steinemann D. 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Bei der juvenilen myelomonozytären Leukämie (JMML) handelt es sich um eine myeloproliferative Erkrankung der frühen Kindheit. Bei vielen Patienten lassen sich zugrunde liegende somatische, aber auch konstitutionelle Mutationen in NRAS, KRAS, PTPN11, NF1 und CBL nachweisen. Zur Identifizierung submikroskopischer Veränderungen, die für die leukämische Transformation von Bedeutung sein können, wurden 20 JMML-Proben mittels hochauflösender Oligo-Microarray-basierter komparativer genomischer Hybridisierung (aCGH) untersucht. Bei 2 von 10 Patienten mit submikroskopischen Aberrationen konnte ein nahezu identischer Zugewinn von Chromosom 8 gezeigt werden, der sich in weiteren Untersuchungen als konstitutionelles Mosaik darstellte. Eine Übersicht von 27 Patienten mit einem konstitutionellen Trisomie-8-Mosaik (cT8M) und maligner Neoplasie zeigte, dass es sich meist um myeloische Neoplasien, auch JMML, handelt. Durch unsere Untersuchungen konnte die kritische Region auf Chromosom 8, deren Loci mutmaßlich an der Leukämieentstehung und/oder Progression beteiligt sein können, dramatisch reduziert werden: 8p11.21q11.21. Es bleibt zu klären in welcher Form das partielle Trisomie-8-Mosaik an der Leukämieentstehung beteiligt ist und in welcher Weise dies für verschiedenen Mutationssubtypen der JMML eine Rolle spielt.
A tectonophysical model of the Baikal seismic zone: testing and implications for medium-term earthquake prediction
Authors: Sherman S.I. , Lysak S.V. , Gorbunova E.A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The first tectonophysical model of the Baikal seismic zone represents a separate complex region of the lithosphere. It has a pinnate structure with a backbone belt of current deformation, which is a concentrator of largest earthquakes, and branching, repeatedly reactivated large and small faults. In its vertical section, the seismic zone is tree-like, the stem and the branches being faults of different size ranks which can generate earthquakes when reactivated. The real-time short-period fault motions and the respective seismicity occurring at a certain time and in certain places are triggered by strain waves, which disturb the metastable state of the faulted lithosphere subject to regional stress. The modeling work includes developing general requirements for tectonophysical models of continental rifts and special methods for identifying the faults that become active within short historic time spans, as well as techniques for locating potential events in space and time in specific active faults. The methods and model testing for medium-term earthquake prediction are described by the example of the well-documented Baikal seismic zone, which is the most active part of the Baikal rift system. The tectonophysical model for the Baikal zone is statistically supported by field data, and this allows estimating the velocities and periods of strain waves for different zone segments and faults, with implications for nearest-future earthquake prediction.
Pull-In Analysis of a Nonlinear Viscoelastic Nanocomposite Microplate Under an Electrostatic Actuation
Authors: Jalali A. , Khadem S. E. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the deflection, natural frequency and damping quality factor of a viscoelastic microplate under an electrostatic actuation are investigated. The microplate is assumed as a CNT-reinforced nanocomposite microplate, and an electrostatic actuation is applied on it. The nonlinear equations of motion are derived using the Von-Karman plate theory, and the Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model. In order to obtain the material properties of the nanocomposite microplate, the Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka method is implemented. The static pull-in instability of the microplate is obtained. It is shown that the nanocomposite microplate can both increase the deflection and natural frequency of the micro devices. So, one may have a nanocomposite microplate with the same deflection of the SiO2 microplate, while its frequency would be 1.45 times of the SiO2 microplate. This characteristic is highly desirable in microswitches. Also, it is shown that the damping quality factor of the nanocomposite microplate is much greater than SiO2 microplate. This fact limits the implementation of a nanocomposite microplate as a vibrating element of the micro devises. So, there are great beneficial static and frequency response characteristics for nanocomposite microplates. But, it is not recommended for microresonators due to high damping characteristics.
Capturing Diversity: A Typology of Third Sector Organisations’ Responses to Contracting Based on Empirical Evidence from Homelessness Services
Authors: BUCKINGHAM HEATHER 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe impacts of government contracting on third sector organisations (TSOs) have attracted much discussion; however, the diversity of the organisations that comprise the third sector means that these impacts in fact vary considerably between TSOs. In order to better understand this complexity and to analyse and articulate TSOs’ experiences more effectively, it is useful to think about different response types. Based on empirical evidence from a study of homelessness TSOs in two South East England local authorities, this paper presents a typology of organisational responses to contracting. The four types identified are: Comfortable Contractors, Compliant Contractors, Cautious Contractors, and Community-Based Non-Contractors. The varied experiences of these different types of organisation with regard to contracting are described in the paper and point to the need for greater precision and differentiation within academic debates, and in the formulation of social policy relating to the third sector.
Astro Navigation Remembered
Authors: Hohenkerk Catherine , Kemp John , Nibbs Brian 
Published: March 2012

The authors give a personal account of the use of astro navigation during the years before GPS became the primary aid for oceanic navigation. The paper also contains an account of the support provided by The Nautical Almanac (NA) together with its associated tables and computer programs which ease the tedium of sight reduction while leaving the satisfaction to be found in successful astro observations at sea.An early version of Section 2 of this paper formed part of a presentation made at the Symposium After Longitude – Modern Navigation in Context which took place at the UK National Maritime Museum from 22–23 March 2012.
Supportive care with art therapy, for patients in isolation during stem cell transplant
Authors: Agnese Alessandra , Lamparelli Teresa , Bacigalupo Andrea , Luzzatto Paola 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:The aim of the art therapy study was twofold: 1) to identify the specific factors of the art therapy experience perceived as helpful by patients undergoing an allogenic hemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT); and 2) to establish an appropriate criterion for referral to art therapy among this population.Method:Between 2006 and 2010, a dedicated art therapist met all the patients who were referred to her by the hematologist. The art therapy approach and techniques are described. Outcome was evaluated by self-assessment, based on written questionnaires that were given to the patients before discharge.Results:Seventy-four patients followed the weekly individual sessions during isolation and filled out the questionnaire. All of them defined the art therapy experience as “helpful” and specified in which way it had been helpful. Through a thematic analysis of the patients' written comments, three specific aspects of art therapy, which the patients found most helpful, were identified: (1) being able to calm down from anxiety, through the use of art therapy techniques (77.02%); (2) feeling free to express and share difficult feelings, which they had not communicated verbally (75.67%); and (3) establishing meaningful connections with their loved ones, through images made in art therapy (36.48%). Case illustrations are provided.Significance of results:The results suggest that referral to art therapy from the team might be helpful and appropriate: (1) when patients are anxious; (2) when they are uncommunicative and hide their feelings; and (3) when they feel disconnected from their loved ones at home.
Innovativeness and Paralysis in International Climate Policy
Authors: Streck Charlotte 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article describes the challenges of using the constrained tools of international law to negotiate a sustainable framework to address climate change. It sets out to show how the particularities of the problem have led to creative and innovative solutions expanding the borders of international law. To this end, the article discusses carbon market mechanisms, the compliance regime of the Kyoto Protocol, and the emerging framework to create incentives to reduce land-based emissions in developing countries. These examples illustrate that the recognition of the role of sub-national and private entities in mitigating climate change has had significant impact on the rules of the climate regime. But the article also asserts that theunprocess, while recognizing the role of private actors, is still inadequately equipped to involve non-state actors in a meaningful way. The climate regime therefore challenges the traditional thinking about interstate relationships. No longer solely a matter for international environmental law, contemporary environmental governance has become a global affair, which makes the lens of transnational law a useful tool to think about these issues in practice in a more intellectually fruitful and relevant way. This article thereby provides a snapshot of the type of issues and discussion that readers of this journal can look forward to in the years to come.
Charged nanograins in the Enceladus plume
Authors: Hill T. W. , Thomsen M. F. , Tokar R. L. , Coates A. J. , Lewis G. R. , Young D. T. , Crary F. J. , Baragiola R. A. , Johnson R. E. , Dong Y. , Wilson R. J. , Jones G. H. , Wahlund J.‐E. , Mitchell D. G. , Horányi M. 
Published: March 2012

There have been three Cassini encounters with the south‐pole eruptive plume of Enceladus for which the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) had viewing in the spacecraft ram direction. In each case, CAPS detected a cold dense population of heavy charged particles having mass‐to‐charge (m/q) ratios up to the maximum detectable by CAPS (∼104 amu/e). These particles are interpreted as singly charged nanometer‐sized water‐ice grains. Although they are detected with both negative and positive net charges, the former greatly outnumber the latter, at least in the m/q range accessible to CAPS. On the most distant available encounter (E3, March 2008) we derive a net (negative) charge density of up to ∼2600 e/cm3 for nanograins, far exceeding the ambient plasma number density, but less than the net (positive) charge density inferred from the RPWS Langmuir probe data during the same plume encounter. Comparison of the CAPS data from the three available encounters is consistent with the idea that the nanograins leave the surface vents largely uncharged, but become increasingly negatively charged by plasma electron impact as they move farther from the satellite. These nanograins provide a potentially potent source of magnetospheric plasma and E‐ring material.