bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memantine Improves Safety of Thrombolysis for Stroke
Authors: Montagne Axel , Hébert Marie , Jullienne Amandine , Lesept Flavie , Le Béhot Audrey , Louessard Morgane , Gauberti Maxime , Orset Cyrille , Ali Carine , Agin Véronique , Maubert Eric , Vivien Denis 
Published: August 2012

Background and Purpose—

Despite side effects including N-methyl-
d
-aspartate-mediated neurotoxicity, recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) remains the only approved acute treatment for ischemic stroke. Memantine, used for treatment of Alzheimer disease, is an antagonist for N-methyl-
d
-aspartate receptors. We investigated whether memantine could be used as a neuroprotective adjunct therapy for rtPA-induced thrombolysis after stroke.

Methods—

In vitro N-methyl-
d
-aspartate exposure, oxygen and glucose deprivation, and N-methyl-
d
-aspartate-mediated calcium videomicroscopy experiments were performed on murine cortical neurons in the presence of rtPA and memantine. The therapeutic safety of rtPA and memantine coadministration was evaluated in mouse models of thrombotic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Ischemic and hemorrhagic volumes were assessed by MRI and neurological evaluation was performed by the string test and automated gait analysis.

Results—
Our in vitro observations showed that memantine was able to prevent the proneurotoxic effects of rtPA in cultured cortical neurons. Although memantine did not alter the fibrinolytic activity of rtPA, our in vivo observations revealed that it blunted the noxious effects of delayed thrombolysis on lesion volumes and neurological deficits after ischemic stroke. In addition, memantine rescued rtPA-induced decrease in survival rate after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Conclusions—
Memantine could be used as an adjunct therapy to improve the safety of thrombolysis.
Relationships of Fire and Precipitation Regimes in Temperate Forests of the Eastern United States
Authors: Lafon Charles W. , Quiring Steven M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Fire affects virtually all terrestrial ecosystems but occurs more commonly in some than in others. This paper investigates how climate, specifically the moisture regime, influences the flammability of different landscapes in the eastern United States. A previous study of spatial differences in fire regimes across the central Appalachian Mountains suggested that intra-annual precipitation variability influences fire occurrence more strongly than does total annual precipitation. The results presented here support that conclusion. The relationship of fire occurrence to moisture regime is also considered for the entire eastern United States. To do so, mean annual wildfire density and mean annual area burned were calculated for 34 national forests and parks representing the major vegetation and climatic conditions throughout the eastern forests. The relationship between fire activity and two climate variables was analyzed: mean annual moisture balance [precipitation P − potential evapotranspiration (PET)] and daily precipitation variability (coefficient of variability for daily precipitation). Fire activity is related to both climate variables but displays a stronger relationship with precipitation variability. The southeastern United States is particularly noteworthy for its high wildfire activity, which is associated with a warm, humid climate and a variable precipitation regime, which promote heavy fuel production and rapid drying of fuels.
Simulating Hydrological Drought Properties at Different Spatial Units in the United States Based on Wavelet–Bayesian Regression Approach
Authors: Mishra Ashok K. , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Because of their stochastic nature, droughts vary in space and time, and therefore quantifying droughts at different time units is important for water resources planning. The authors investigated the relationship between meteorological variables and hydrological drought properties using the Palmer hydrological drought index (PHDI). Twenty different spatial units were chosen from the unit of a climatic division to a regional unit across the United States. The relationship between meteorological variables and PHDI was investigated using a wavelet–Bayesian regression model, which enhances the modeling strength of a simple Bayesian regression model. Further, the wavelet–Bayesian regression model was tested for the predictability of global climate models (GCMs) to simulate PHDI, which will also help understand their role for downscaling purposes.
A Pseudoproxy Evaluation of Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling and Canonical Correlation Analysis for Climate Field Reconstructions over Europe*
Authors: Werner Johannes P. , Luterbacher Juerg , Smerdon Jason E. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A pseudoproxy comparison is presented for two statistical methods used to derive annual climate field reconstructions (CFRs) for Europe. The employed methods use the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) procedure presented by Smerdon et al. and the Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) method adopted from Tingley and Huybers. Pseudoproxy experiments (PPEs) are constructed from modeled temperature data sampled from the 1250-yr paleo-run of the NCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM) version 1.4 model by Ammann et al. Pseudoproxies approximate the distribution of the multiproxy network used by Mann et al. over the European region of interest. Gaussian white noise is added to the temperature data to mimic the combined signal and noise properties of real-world proxies. Results indicate that, while both methods perform well in areas with good proxy coverage, the BHM method outperforms the CCA method across the entire field and additionally returns objective error estimates.
Atmospheric Circulation Response to an Instantaneous Doubling of Carbon Dioxide. Part II: Atmospheric Transient Adjustment and Its Dynamics
Authors: Wu Yutian , Seager Richard , Shaw Tiffany A. , Ting Mingfang , Naik Naomi 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The dynamical mechanisms underlying the transient circulation adjustment in the extratropical atmosphere after the instantaneous doubling of carbon dioxide are investigated using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model version 3 coupled to a Slab Ocean Model. It is shown that the transient process during the first few months of integration is important in setting up the extratropical circulation response in equilibrium such as the poleward shift of the tropospheric jet streams. Three phases are found during the transient thermal/dynamical adjustment in the Northern Hemisphere: 1) a radiatively driven easterly anomaly in the subpolar stratosphere, 2) an acceleration of the westerly anomaly in the subpolar stratosphere as a result of anomalous planetary-scale eddy momentum flux convergence, and 3) a “downward migration” of the westerly anomaly from the lower stratosphere to the troposphere, followed by the tropospheric jet shift. Several proposed mechanisms for inducing the poleward shift of the tropospheric jet streams are examined. No significant increase in eddy phase speed is found. The rise in tropopause height appears to lead the tropospheric jet shift but no close relation is observed. The length scale of transient eddies does increase but does not lead the tropospheric jet shift. Finally, the tropospheric jet shift can be captured by changes in the index of refraction and the resulting anomalous eddy propagation in the troposphere.
Inconsistencies between Long-Term Trends in Storminess Derived from the 20CR Reanalysis and Observations
Authors: Krueger Oliver , Schenk Frederik , Feser Frauke , Weisse Ralf 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Global atmospheric reanalyses have become a common tool for both validation of climate models and diagnostic studies, such as assessing climate variability and long-term trends. Presently, the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR), which assimilates only surface pressure reports, sea ice, and sea surface temperature distributions, represents the longest global reanalysis dataset available covering the period from 1871 to the present. Currently the 20CR dataset is extensively used for the assessment of climate variability and trends. Here, the authors compare the variability and long-term trends in northeast Atlantic storminess derived from 20CR and from observations. A well-established storm index derived from pressure observations over a relatively densely monitored marine area is used. It is found that both variability and long-term trends derived from 20CR and from observations are inconsistent. In particular, both time series show opposing trends during the first half of the twentieth century: both storm indices share a similar behavior only for the more recent periods. While the variability and long-term trend derived from the observations are supported by a number of independent data and analyses, the behavior shown by 20CR is quite different, indicating substantial inhomogeneities in the reanalysis, most likely caused by the increasing number of observations assimilated into 20CR over time. The latter makes 20CR likely unsuitable for the identification of trends in storminess in the earlier part of the record, at least over the northeast Atlantic. The results imply and reconfirm previous findings that care is needed in general when global reanalyses are used to assess long-term changes.
Repeatability of the Seasonal Variations of Ozone near the Mesopause from Observations of the 11.072-GHz Line
Authors: Rogers A. E. E. , Erickson P. , Fish V. L. , Kittredge J. , Danford S. , Marr J. M. , Arndt M. B. , Sarabia J. , Costa D. , May S. K. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Ground-based observations of the 11.072-GHz line of ozone were made from January 2008 through the middle of September 2011 to estimate the maximum in the nighttime ozone in the upper mesosphere at an altitude of about 95 km for a region centered at 38°N, 290°E. The measurements show seasonal variation with a high degree of repeatability with peaks in ozone concentration about a month following each equinox. A significant increase in ozone concentration above the yearly trend occurred in 2010 from mid-November until the end of December, which the authors attribute to delay in the start of the meridional circulation for the austral summer of 2010.
Testing Competing Precipitation Forecasts Accurately and Efficiently: The Spatial Prediction Comparison Test
Authors: Gilleland Eric 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWhich model is best? Many challenges exist when testing competing forecast models, especially for those with high spatial resolution. Spatial correlation, double penalties, and small-scale errors are just a few such challenges. Many new methods have been developed in recent decades to tackle these issues. The spatial prediction comparison test (SPCT), which was developed for general spatial fields and applied to wind speed, is applied here to precipitation fields; which pose many unique challenges in that they are not normally distributed, are marked by numerous zero-valued grid points, and verification results are particularly sensitive to small-scale errors and double penalties. The SPCT yields a statistical test that solves one important issue for verifying forecasts spatially by accounting for spatial correlation. Important for precipitation forecasts is that the test requires no distributional assumptions, is easy to perform, and can be applied efficiently to either gridded or nongridded spatial fields. The test compares loss functions between two competing forecasts, where any such function can be used, but most still suffer from the limitations of traditional gridpoint-by-gridpoint assessment techniques. Therefore, two new loss functions to the SPCT are introduced here that address these concerns. The first is based on distance maps and the second on image warping. Results are consistent with other spatial assessment methods, but provide a relatively straightforward mechanism for comparing forecasts with a statistically powerful test. The SPCT combined with these loss functions provides a new mechanism for appropriately testing which of two competing precipitation models is best, and whether the result is statistically significant or not.
Maximal Acceptable Torques of Six Highly Repetitive Hand-Wrist Motions for Male Industrial Workers
Authors: Ciriello Vincent M. , Maikala Rammohan V. , O’Brien Niall V. 
Published: August 2012

Objective: The purpose of the study was to quantify maximum acceptable torques (MATs) in 16 healthy male industrial workers while performing six motions: screw driving clockwise with a 40 mm handle and a 39 mm yoke handle, flexion and extension with a pinch grip, ulnar deviation with a power grip (similar to knife cutting), and a handgrip task (similar to a pliers task). Background: Psychophysical studies on repetitive motions of the wrist and hand were previously reported on women; however, it is not clear how men will psychophysically respond to similar motions. Method: A psychophysical methodology was used in which the participant adjusted the resistance on the handle. Repetition rates for these tasks were 15 and 25 per minute. Participants performed the tasks for 7 hours per day, 5 days per week, and for 12 days. Symptoms were recorded by the subjects at the end of each hour. Results: The mean MATs ranged from 1.15 Nm to 1.88 Nm for screw driving, 2.26 Nm to 3.71 Nm for pinch flexion and extension, 3.88 Nm to 4.07 Nm for ulnar deviation, and 11.47 Nm to 13.98 Nm for the handgrip task. The higher the repetition rate, the lower the MAT. Depending on the type of task and repetition rate, these values represented 15% to 35% (median of 23%) of their maximum isometric torque. Application: Based on aforementioned findings, a table of MATs and derived acceptable forces for six tasks at different percentage capabilities of the male industrial populations is formulated.
Cross-cultural adaption and measurement properties of the Danish version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index
Authors: Christiansen David H , Andersen Johan H , Haahr Jens Peder 
Published: August 2012

Objective: To cross-culturally adapt the Danish version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index and to evaluate its measurement properties in terms of reliability and known-group validity. Design: Test–retest study. Setting: Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regional Hospital Herning, Denmark. Subjects: Consecutive shoulder patients referred to an outpatient clinic. Methods: The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index was translated from English into Danish according to international guidelines. The questionnaire was posted to patients one to two weeks before their scheduled clinical examination and repeated on the day of the examination. Results: A total of 65 patients with a variety of shoulder diagnoses were included in the study. No significant differences were found in scores between the first and the second questionnaire. The minimal detectable change was estimated to 19.4 points, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.94). Internal consistency measured by Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94. The questionnaire was found to discriminate well between currently working and non-working patients. Conclusion: The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index provides a sensitive and reliable tool to assess pain and disability in Danish-speaking orthopaedic shoulder patients.
No Association of Time From Surgery With Functional Deficits in Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Myer Gregory D. , Martin Larry , Ford Kevin R. , Paterno Mark V. , Schmitt Laura C. , Heidt Robert S. , Colosimo Angelo , Hewett Timothy E. 
Published: August 2012

Background: Release for full activity and return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is often dictated by time from surgery and subjective opinion by the medical team. Temporal guidelines for return to sport may not accurately identify impaired strength and neuromuscular control, which are associated with increased risk for second injury (contralateral and/or ipsilateral limb) after ACLR in athletes. Hypotheses: Athletes undergoing ACLR and returning to sport would demonstrate functional deficits that would not be associated with time from surgery. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Thirty-three male (n = 10) and female (n = 23) athletes with unilateral ACLR, who were cleared by a physician to return to their sport after surgery and rehabilitation, performed the single-legged vertical hop test for 10 seconds on a portable force plate. Matched teammates of each patient were recruited to serve as sex-, sport-, and age-matched controls (CTRL; n = 67). Maximum vertical ground-reaction force (VGRF) was measured during each single-limb landing. Single-limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated as the ratio of the involved divided by uninvolved limb, expressed as a percentage. Results: The single-limb vertical jump height LSI was reduced in the ACLR group, 89% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83%-95%), compared with the matched CTRL group, 101% (95% CI, 96%-105%; P < .01). The LSI for VGRF normalized to potential energy achieved during flight of the hop was increased in ACLR at 112% (95% CI, 106%-117%) relative to the CTRL group at 102% (95% CI, 98%-106%; P < .01). Linear regression analysis indicated that time from surgery was not associated with limb symmetry deficits in the ACLR group ( P > .05; R2 = .002-.01). Conclusion: Deficits in unilateral force development (vertical jump height) and absorption (normalized VGRF) persist in an athlete’s single-limb performance after ACLR and full return to sports. These symmetry deficits appear to be independent of time after reconstruction. Clinical Relevance: On the basis of these results, clinicians should consider assessment of single-limb power performance in the decision-making process for return-to-sport release. Persistent side-to-side asymmetries may increase the risk of contralateral and/or ipsilateral injury.
Theoretical consideration of experimental data of thermal and magnetic properties of polymer-bonded soft magnetic composites
Authors: Kirchberg S , Anhalt M , Ziegmann G 
Published: August 2012

Spherical iron silicon (FeSi) particles and irregular shaped magnetite (Fe3O4) particles with particle sizes ≤146 μm and varying volume filler fractions up to x = 0.7 (70 vol%) were mixed with polypropylene (PP) matrix. The samples were prepared by kneading and injection moulding and show particle–particle interaction at elevated filler fraction of x ≥ 0.5. Thermal and magnetic properties of the composites were characterized and show a significant increase at filler fractions of x ≥ 0.3. The thermal conductivity of PP (0.176 W/(m K)) was increased up to seven times to 1.239 W/(m K) at x = 0.7. FeSi-filled composites show slightly higher values of thermal conductivity than Fe3O4-filled composites. The magnetic permeability of the composites rise from 1 for PP to a maximum value of 23.1 for PP/FeSi composites at x = 0.7. The nonlinear increase in the thermal conductivity corresponds with the lower boundary of the Hashin–Shtrikman model. The Bruggeman model can be applied to describe the nonlinear increase in the magnetic permeability. Magnetic permeability increases with mean particle diameter as well as magnetic coercivity and loss dissipation increases with inverse mean particle diameter.
Effect of rubberwood and palm oil content on the properties of wood–polyvinyl chloride composites
Authors: Ratanawilai Thanate , Lekanukit Panuk , Urapantamas Songpol 
Published: August 2012

Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) have been proposed as an alternative to natural wood due to their physical and mechanical properties. Development of these composites from natural fibers is receiving widespread attention partly because of growing environmental awareness. To dispose of produced waste from industry, low-value fiber resources could be converted into high-value products. This research studies the combination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to rubberwood (RBW) fiber, to palm oil trunk fiber, and to palm oil shell (POS) fiber. Composite performance optimization, material option comparison, basic engineering performance improvement, and durability of WPCs have been investigated. A two-stage process consisting of compounding and forming to produce WPCs using 40%–60% natural fiber reinforcements was carried out. Physical and mechanical properties of the WPCs were studied. The results showed that WPCs consisting of 60% RBW fiber and 40% PVC yielded the highest modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture, which are approximately 90,130 MPa and 433 MPa, respectively. The ultimate compressive strength with a value of approximately 316 MPa was achieved from 60% POS fiber and 40% PVC. Reinforcing 40% POS fiber in 60% PVC exhibited the lowest water absorption rate. The overall result indicates an improvement of engineering performance, making better use of industrial wastes and indirectly assists environmental conservation endeavor along the process.
Two Distinct Concepts: Party Competition in Government and Electoral Competition in the American States
Authors: Shufeldt Gregory , Flavin Patrick 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAmerican state politics scholars have generally relied on Ranney's measure of the partisan composition of state legislatures and governors' offices to evaluate competition between parties for control of state government, and Holbrook and Van Dunk's measure of the competitiveness of individual state legislative elections to evaluate the degree of electoral competition in a state. Both measure “competition” and were previously correlated with one another, so researchers might be tempted to consider them two measures of the same concept. This would be mistaken, however, because they are measuring two distinct concepts. We use new data on state legislative partisan balance and election returns to compute (and make publicly available) the two measures of competition from 1970 to 2003, a time span that is significantly longer than any previous study. We show that the relationship between the two measures has drastically changed over the last 30 years. Although the two measures were positively correlated in the 1970s and 1980s, they are now (as we might expect, given they are different concepts) negatively correlated. We investigate one possible explanation for this change and conclude by discussing a set of practical recommendations for scholars who plan to incorporate a measure of competition in future studies.
The Growth of Third-Party Voting: An Empirical Case Study of Vermont, 1840–55
Authors: Chamberlain Adam 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article seeks to uncover reasons behind the relatively high levels of third-party voting found at the state level in the early- to mid-1800s. I argue that third parties needed to develop localized bases of support from which they could expand. By analyzing Liberty Party gubernatorial voting in Vermont during the 1840s, the article shows that the party developed support in particular towns, maintained this over election cycles, and spread the party message to neighboring towns after the creation of a formal party organization. I also find that towns with strong Liberty Party support in the early 1840s continued to be strong supporters of the Free Soil Party in the 1850s. I then present evidence that early bases of Liberty Party support tended to vote at much higher levels for the Republican Party in 1855, indicating that the geographic development of an abolitionist party in the early 1840s helped in the establishment of Republican success in Vermont. These findings highlight the importance of geographic context in the development of third-party voting in the early- to mid-1800s and its connection to the rise of the Republican Party.