bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH SUHU TERHADAP EKSTRAKSI LIGNIN DARI BATANG POHON KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN METODE ORGANOSOLVE
Authors: Kusuma Hersandy Dayu 
Published: April 2024

Lignin merupakan salah satu penyusun biomassa selain selulosa dan hemiselulosa yang bisa didapatkan dari pohon kelapa sawit. Indonesia merupakan sumber pengasil minyak dan perkebunan kelapa sawit terbesar. Hal tersebut menjadikan pohon kelapa sawit yang sudah tidak produktif dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber lignin. Pemanfaatan lignin memiliki potensi yang besar untuk dimanfaatkan untuk sumber karbon material maupun sebagai tambahan sumber C-organik untuk pupuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu ekstraksi menggunakan metanol untuk proses esktraksi lignin. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan pada variasi suhu 130, 140 dan 150 oC. Lignin yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi dengan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) dan dianalisis kandungannya menggunakan metode Kalson. Karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsional lignin pada bilangan gelombang 1710 dan 1605 cm-1. Hasil ekstraksi menunjukkan semakin meningkatnya suhu ekstraksi maka kandungan lignin semakin meningkat. Kandungan lignin yang tertinggi didapatkan pada suhu 150 oC sebesar 46, 093%.
The changing faces of missions: Pentecostal diaspora perspective from South Africa
Authors: Quampah D. Quampah 
Published: April 2024

Traditionally Christian mission has been associated with the Western missionary traversing formidable geographical and cultural barriers in the 19th and early 20th centuries to evangelise, as it were "the heathen". No matter how well intentioned this mission was, it was mixed up with a baggage of European imperialism, slave trade and commercial interest, which to some extent discredited an otherwise noble venture. In an extreme response, some scholars are suggesting that the word 'mission' should be dropped from Christian vocabulary, because 'mission' carries a lot of negative connotations such as collaborating colonialism, and taking an aggressive stance against other faiths, which prevent constructive dialogue. These criticisms notwithstanding, the legacy of the 19th century European missionaries needs to be appreciated, as the global expansion of the Christian faith today can only be ascribed to the foundational work of these missionaries, who transcribed our local languages, translated the Bible, brought the benefits of Western education, which today enables us to participate in the global community, and the blessing of orthodox medicine, among others.
Nigerian immigrant Pentecostal churches and their impact on global Christianity
Authors: Fabunmi S. Fabunmi , Ayegboyin D. Ayegboyin 
Published: April 2024

One of the most discernible developments in World Christianity and mission study in recent years is the reverse flow of mission from the Global South to the North. A significant number of African preachers and missionaries from Latin America and Asia are taking the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ to Europe and America. The majority of the ministers from Africa represent Pentecostal and Charismatic movements and it is perceptible that Nigerians and Ghanaians are major players in the planting and growth of these churches in the north Atlantic. Accordingly, scholars consistently maintain that now more than ever before, Christianity which was previously referred to as the religion of the Global North: Europe and North America, is now primarily the religion of the Global South: Africa, Asia and Latin America. As the phenomenon of African diaspora becomes progressively a noteworthy part of the general global trend caused by economic, spiritual, social and political factors, Africans are migrating from their country of birth ostensibly to "seek for greener pastures". Several issues arise from the claims above.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS WITH THROUGH OF MOOCs
Authors: Shrymbay Dana , Adylbekova Elvira 
Published: April 2024

The article defines the direction of professional training of future teachers who can dynamically respond to changes taking place in education. The development of innovations in the field of Education corresponds to the emergence and development of the innovation environment and methods of its management. The article examines the innovative educational environment, the educational space, the concepts of the innovation process, conducts a theoretical analysis of research and practices in the formation of the innovative environment in an educational organization, identifies the internal and external components of the educational environment. The problems of a systematic approach to the training of a teacher of vocational training in the context of information formation are considered in this article. The essence of the pedagogical system as the basics of improving the professional training of a teacher of vocational training is revealed. These processes are based on the content of technological support, including pedagogical technology. To solve the tasks and test the research hypothesis, the following methods were used: study and analysis of philosophical, pedagogical, psychological and methodological literature, legal documents; study and generalization of advanced pedagogical experience of teaching in pedagogical and classical universities; analysis of the content of mathematical and information technology disciplines within the framework of the studied problem; observation, modeling, questioning, expert assessment, pedagogical experiment, statistical processing of results.
ONE3A: one-against-all authentication model for smartphone using GAN network and optimization techniques
Authors: Eltoukhy Mohamed Meselhy , Gaber Tarek , Almazroi Abdulwahab Ali , Mohamed Marwa F. 
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on addressing computational limits in smartphones by proposing an efficient authentication model that enables implicit authentication without requiring additional hardware and incurring less computational cost. The research explores various wrapper feature selection strategies and classifiers to enhance authentication accuracy while considering smartphone limitations such as hardware constraints, battery life, and memory size. However, the available dataset is small; thus, it cannot support a general conclusion. In this article, a novel implicit authentication model for smartphone users is proposed to address the one-against-all classification problem in smartphone authentication. This model depends on the integration of the conditional tabular generative adversarial network (CTGAN) to generate synthetic data to address the imbalanced dataset and a new proposed feature selection technique based on the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). The model was evaluated using a public dataset (RHU touch mobile keystroke dataset), and the results showed that the WOA with the random forest (RF) classifier achieved the best reduction rate compared to the Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm. Additionally, its classification accuracy was found to be the best in mobile user authentication from their touch behavior data. WOA-RF achieved an average accuracy of 99.62 ± 0.40% with a reduction rate averaging 87.85% across ten users, demonstrating its effectiveness in smartphone authentication.
A comprehensive dataset on biomechanics and motor control during human walking with discrete mechanical perturbations
Authors: Lorenz Dana L. , van den Bogert Antonie J. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Humans have a remarkable capability to maintain balance while walking. There is, however, a lack of publicly available research data on reactive responses to destabilizing perturbations during gait.

Methods
Here, we share a comprehensive dataset collected from 10 participants who experienced random perturbations while walking on an instrumented treadmill. Each participant performed six 5-min walking trials at a rate of 1.2 m/s, during which rapid belt speed perturbations could occur during the participant’s stance phase. Each gait cycle had a 17% probability of being perturbed. The perturbations consisted of an increase of belt speed by 0.75 m/s, delivered with equal probability at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the stance phase. Data were recorded using motion capture with 25 markers, eight inertial measurement units (IMUs), and electromyography (EMG) from the tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), and gluteus maximus (GM). The full protocol is described in detail.

Results
We provide marker trajectories, force plate data, EMG data, and belt speed information for all trials and participants. IMU data is provided for most participants. This data can be useful for identifying neural feedback control in human gait, biologically inspired control systems for robots, and the development of clinical applications.
Effect of Retort Processing on the Microbiological, Sensory Evaluation and Physicochemical properties of the Ready-To-Eat Grilled Beef
Authors: Wan Nur Zahidah W.Z.  , Raja Arief Deli R.N.  , A. Noor Zainah , M. Norhida Arnieza , H. Mohd Fakhri 
Published: April 2024

Retort processing is a method of preserving food by heating it in hermetically sealed containers like cans, glass jars and retortable pouches.
Objective: The objective of this paper is to look at the effect of retort processing on grilled beef in retort pouches for microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory quality.
Materials and Methods: Ready-to-eat (RTE) grilled beef was thermally processed at different Fo values (sterilization unit) of 8, 10 and 12 at the temperature of 121 °C. Before the thermal process, beef was marinated and grilled at 200 °C, for 20 min. The filled and sealed pouches were then subjected to retort processing for optimizing the Fo value at process temperature. Grilled beef without a retort process is subjected to a control sample. The effect of different Fo values on the microbiological (total plate count, yeast& mould, Ecoli, coliform. Salmonella and staph aureus) sensory evaluation and physicochemical properties were evaluated.
Results: Results on the microbial analysis showed that there is no growth of bacteria for all Fo values tested. The sensory evaluation scored the highest for the product processed at 121 °C, Fo 12 for overall acceptance attributes. For moisture analysis, as the Fo value increases the moisture content decreases. Retort processed grilled beef had significantly lower L*, a* and b* values as the Fo value increases.
Conclusion: It is concluded that grilled beef product retorted to Fo 12, 121 °C, had acceptable microbiological limits, highest score of organoleptic evaluation and acceptable physicochemical characteristics.
Gender Perspectives in Agriculture and Livestock Production: Insights from Garo Tribal Farm Households in West Garo Hills: Meghalaya
Authors: Das Tarun Kumar , Borah Sagarika , Singh Monica 
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted in two villages situated in the West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya in 2023, focusing on a sample of 60 tribal farm families. Respondents were randomly selected from the selected villages. Statistical analyses were performed using frequencies and percentage. The findings revealed that 80.0% of households had a nuclear family structure, with 61.67% being led by males. Agriculture was the primary occupation of 51.67% of households, and 33.33% reported an annual household income ranging from Rs. 85,001 to Rs. 150,000. Additionally, 78.33% of households possessed areca nut orchards and 60.0% utilized mobile phones for communication. Credit facilities were available to 31.67% of respondents. Regarding information sources, 98.33% of males and 96.67% of females relied on friends and neighbours for agricultural information. Decision-making was reported to be joint in 65.0% of households. Crop harvesting, which was primarily performed by females (55.0%), and the selling of harvests during financial needs, which were handled by males (35.0%) and females (38.33%), were identified as patterns. Revenue management from sales was undertaken by males (36.67%) and jointly (33.33%). In livestock-related decisions, 63.0% reported joint decision-making, and the grazing of animals was managed by children within households (68.33%). For healthcare, 63.33% of independent males consulted the veterinary department during instances of animal disease. Joint decisions were made for the purchase and sale of animals (81.76%). The present findings contribute valuable insights into gender in agricultural discourse, guiding informed and inclusive development in the North East Region.
Practitioner Summary: The study was on 60 small Garo tribal farm families actively engaged in both agricultural and livestock activities. Study revealed that women has integral role in agriculture and livestocks then men. Joint decision making in agriculture collaborative farm management, males often takes lead in financial management and certain post-harvest processes.
Practical Teaching Materials for Transformational Geometry Based on Visuals Ethnomathematics for SMA Toraja Class IX
Authors: Ba'ru Yusem , Arismunandar . , Anshari . 
Published: April 2024

The objective of this research and development is twofold: firstly, to analyse the level of validity of teaching materials for transformation geometry based on visual ethnomathematics of Toraja carvings in Senior High School; and secondly, to analyse the level of practicality of teaching materials for transformation geometry based on visual ethnomathematics of Toraja carvings in Senior High School. The subjects in this development research consisted of three validators: linguists, material experts and media experts, as well as three mathematics teachers and 31 students at SMAN I Tana Toraja. Data collection was conducted through observation, interview sheets, teaching material validation sheets, teacher response questionnaires and student responses. Data analysis techniques were employed using both descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative approaches. The results of the qualitative descriptive data analysis yielded a number of suggestions for improvement from expert validation, teachers and students. The quantitative descriptive analysis revealed that the validation results from experts were of a very high standard, with a value of 85.56 in terms of language, 85.16 in terms of material, and 81.17 in terms of learning media. Moreover, the practicality of the developed teaching materials was rated as "very practical" by both teachers and students, with scores of 88.54 and 85.06, respectively.
Study on Spatial Distribution and Occurrence of Pink Boll Worm on Cotton
Authors: Rajashekar Kanjarla , Rajashekar Jampala , Chauhan Sreedhar 
Published: April 2024

An investigation was carried out to “Study on spatial distribution and occurrence of pink boll worm on cotton” under Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Adilabad, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University during Kharif, 2018 and 2019. The main objective of this study was to determine distance and migration of pink boll worm adults from ginning mill to cropping area of different location through GIS tools and the results revealed that spatial distribution of pink bollworm was found to be low in the villages which are 15 kms away from the ginning mill i.e. pheromone catches (1515 and 1267) and PBW larvae/20 bolls (13.76 % and 15.00%) and villages which are 5kms away from the ginning mill was found to be high incidence i.e. pheromone catches (2185 and 1929) and PBW larvae/20 bolls (38.14 % and 28.10%) during Kharif 2018 and 2019, respectively.
Plasticizer effect of dibutyl phthalate on the morphology and mechanical properties of hard elastic poly(vinylidene fluoride) fibers
Authors: Du Chun‐Hui , Xu You‐Yi , Zhu Bao‐Ku 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTo improve the structure and hard elasticity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers, a small amount of the plasticizer dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was added to PVDF. The PVDF/DBP blend fibers were prepared by melt spinning and subsequent annealing. The crystalline structure and thermal properties of the blend fibers were analyzed in terms of the long‐period lamellar spacing, crystal structure, and degree of crystallinity with X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The results indicated that stacked crystalline lamellae, which were aligned normal to the fiber axis, existed in the blend fibers, and they were in the form of an α‐crystal phase. The total crystallinity of the blend fibers was higher than that of the pure PVDF fibers, and it reached its highest value when the DBP concentration was 2 wt %; then, it decreased with an increase in the DBP content. The morphology and mechanical properties of the fibers were also investigated with scanning electron microscopy and electronic tensile experimentation. The results of scanning electron microscopy apparently exhibited a small porous structure on the surface of the blend fibers, and the more DBP there was in the PVDF fibers, the more porous structure was obtained. Mechanical experiments indicated that the fibers with a 5 wt % concentration of DBP had better elastic recovery and breaking strain than the pure PVDF fibers. These results all indicated that DBP‐modified PVDF fibers have potential applications in preparing microporous membranes by a melt spinning and stretching process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Morphology and Histochemistry of Juvenile American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Nephrons
Authors: Moore Brandon C. , Hyndman Kelly A. , Cox Ashley , Lawler Ashley , Mathavan Ketan , Guillette Louis J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHere we present a detailed morphological description of the alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) kidney and nephron. We present a series of histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical markers that clearly define the seven regions of the alligator nephron. The alligator kidney is composed of many paired (mirrored) lobules on each kidney (lobe). Single nephrons span the width of lobules three times. The fine structure of glomeruli, lying in rows spanning the height of the lobule, is resolved by periodic acid methionine silver (PAMS) and periodic acid Schiff's (PAS) histochemistry. Glomeruli are connected to the proximal tubule (PT) via a neck segment. The PT is alcian blue‐negative, making it distinct from the distal tubule (DT), connecting segment (CS), and collecting duct (CD). The PT is clearly identifiable by a PAS‐positive brush border membrane. The PT is connected to the DT via an intermediate segment (IS) that makes a 180° turn to connect these tubules. PAMS‐positive material is found in the lumens of the PT, IS, and DT. Also, PAMS‐positive granules are found in the DT, CS, and CD. Immunolocalization of the Na+, K+‐ATPase to the basolateral membrane of the DT, CS, and CD suggests a role of this enzyme in driving primary and secondary transport processes in these segments, including bicarbonate transport into the lumen of the DT (leading to an alkaline urine). Through the techniques described here, we have identified a series of distinct markers to be used by pathologists, veterinarians, and researchers to easily identify alligator nephron segments. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphometric Analysis of Infant and Adult Medullary Nuclei Through Optical Disector Method
Authors: Porzionato Andrea , Macchi Veronica , Parenti Anna , De Caro Raffaele 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn the literature, comprehensive and comparative morphometric studies of infant and adult medullary nuclei performed with unbiased methods are still lacking. In this study, the unbiased quantitative method of the optical disector was applied to analyze neuronal densities, nuclear volumes, and total neuron numbers of the hypoglossal nucleus (XII), dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV), nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), medial vestibular nucleus (MedVe), cuneate nucleus (Cu), nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract, principal inferior olivary nucleus (PION), medial inferior olivary nucleus (MION), and dorsal inferior olivary nucleus (DION) in adults (16 male, six female; mean age: 37 years) and infants (five male, five female; mean age: 5 months). In both infants and adults, higher neuronal densities were found in the more ventrally located nuclei of the spinal trigeminal tract (mean values (coefficient of variation): 20,947 (0.29) and 8,990 (0.18) neurons/mm3, respectively) and inferior olivary complex (PION: 20,010 (0.15) and 9,076 (0.10); MION: 18,667 (0.20) and 9,989 (0.13); DION: 22,424 (0.17) and 10,986 (0.20), respectively) than in the nuclei of the medullary tegmentum, that is, XII (2,747 (0.39) and 1,026 (0.31)), DMNV (2,876 (0.19) and 1,553 (0.26)), NTS (7,993 (0.17) and 2,877 (0.13)), MedVe (7,010 (0.17) and 2,918 (0.12)), and Cu (2,563 (0.23) and 1,038 (0.16)). All the medullary nuclei showed higher volumes and lower neuronal densities in adults than in infants, without statistically significant differences in total neuron numbers, probably because of postnatal development of the neuropil and microvascularization. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurovascular Anatomy of the Embryonic Quail Hindlimb
Authors: Bentley Matthew T. , Poole Thomas J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBlood vessel and nerve development in the vertebrate embryo possess certain similarities in pattern and molecular guidance cues. To study the specific influence of shared guidance molecules on nervous and vascular development, an understanding of the normal neurovascular anatomy must be in place. The present study documents the pattern of nervous and vascular development in the Japanese quail hindlimb using immunohistochemistry and fluorescently labeled intravital injection combined with confocal and epifluorescent microscopy. The developmental patterns of major nerves and blood vessels of embryonic hindlimbs between stages E2.75 (HH18) and E6.0 (HH29) are described. By E2.75, the dorsal aortae have begun to fuse into a single vessel at the level of the hindlimb, and have completely fused by E3 (HH20). The posterior cardinal vein is formed at the level of the hindlimb by E3, as is the main artery of the early hindlimb, the ischiadic artery, as an offshoot of the dorsal aorta. Our data suggest that eight spinal segments, versus seven as reported by others (Tanaka and Landmesser,1986a; Tyrrell et al.,1990), contribute to innervation of the quail hindlimb. Lumbosacral neurites reach the plexus region by E3.5 (HH21 & 22), pause for ∼24 hr, and then enter the hindlimb along with the ischiadic and crural arteries through shared foramina in the pelvic anlage. The degree of anterior–posterior spatial congruency between major nerves and blood vessels of the quail hindlimb was found to be highest medial to the pelvic girdle precursor, versus in the hindlimb proper. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Aggregation‐Induced Dissociation of HCl(H2O)4 Below 1 K: The Smallest Droplet of Acid.
Authors: Gutberlet Anna , Schwaab Gerhard , Birer Oezguer , Masia Marco , Kaczmarek Anna , Forbert Harald , Havenith Martina , Marx Dominik 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Structure and Spin Exchange Interactions in Na2V3O7: A Vanadium(IV) Oxide Nanotubular Phase
Authors: Rodriguez‐Fortea Antonio , Llunell Miquel , Alemany Pere , Canadell Enric 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.