bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation During Long‐Term Exposure to High Altitude in Normal Subjects by Ultrasonography
Authors: Liang Yuan , Gao Zi Zhao , Chen Hong Yu , Gao Hong Kui , Qiang Xiao Peng , Wang Jia 
Published: May 2024

PurposeTo evaluate changes in dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) during short‐term and long‐term exposure to high altitude with ultrasonography, and also study the sex differences in the response of CA to altitude.MethodsWe assessed the differences in dynamic CA and measured with Doppler ultrasound of the bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA), vertebral artery (VA), and middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the values of basic information within 48 hours and at 2 years after arrival at Tibet in 65 healthy Han young Chinese volunteers, meanwhile, we compared the resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the right MCA at inhale oxygen 8 minutes when a newcomer with 2 years after arrival at Tibet.ResultsWith 2 years of altitude exposure, the SaO2 of all subjects was above 90%, the mean PEF, DAP, and HR values decreased, HGB increased compared within 48 hours in same‐gender groups. Comparisons of cerebral hemodynamics between before 2 years and after 2 years within male and female groups, the mean RI and PI values of bilateral MCA after 2 years were significantly higher than before 2 years, at the same time, the mean RI and PI values of bilateral ICA were significant differences (P < .05) between male groups, with regard to female groups, showed that the mean RI and PI values of bilateral VA were significant differences (P < .05). Comparisons of Right MCA hemodynamics between after oxygen uptake 8 minutes and 2 years, the mean RI and PI values were no significant difference within male and female groups (P > .05).ConclusionsAcute mountain sickness could result from an alteration of dynamic autoregulation of cerebral blood flow, but the impaired autoregulation may be corrected with the extension of time, furthermore, the response of CA to altitude in males and females are different.
Optimum Parameters in Ultrasound Coherent Plane Wave Compounding for High LPWV Estimation
Authors: Xiong Li , Zhang Yufeng , He Bingbing , Zhang Kexin , Zhu Jingying , Lang Xun 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to determine the optimum and fine values of the number and transmission angles of tilted plane waves for coherent plane‐wave compounding (CPWC)‐based high local pulse wave velocity (LPWV) estimation.MethodsA Verasonics system incorporating a linear array probe L14‐5/38 with 128 elements and a pulsatile pump, CompuFlow1000, were used to acquire radio frequency data of 3, 5, 7, and 9 tilted plane wave sequences with angle intervals from 0° to 12° with a coarse interval increment step of 1°, and the angle intervals from 0° to 2° with a fine interval increment step of 0.25° from a carotid vessel phantom with the LPWV of 13.42 ± 0.90 m/s. The mean value, standard deviation, and coefficients of variation (CV) of the estimated LPWVs were calculated to quantitatively assess the performance of different configurations for CPWC‐based LPWV estimation. Ten healthy human subjects of two age groups were recruited to assess the in vivo feasibility of the optimum parameter values.ResultsThe CPWC technique with three plane waves (PRF of 12 kHz corresponding to a frame rate of 4000 Hz) with an interval of 0.75° had LPWVs of 13.52 ± 0.08 m/s with the lowest CV of 1.84% on the phantom, and 5.49 ± 1.46 m/s with the lowest CV of 12.35% on 10 subjects.ConclusionsThe optimum parameters determined in this study show the best repeatability of the LPWV measurements with a vessel phantom and 10 healthy subjects, which support further studies on larger datasets for potential applications.
Enhancing Protein and Vitamin A Intake Through the Addition of Bambara Groundnut and Ripe Plantain to Maize Porridge
Authors: Otoo Gifty Serwaa , Abano Ernest Ekow , Amoah Robert Sarpong , Agblemanyo Felix Edufia , Dadzie Rosemond Godbless , Kizzie‐Hayford Nazir , Seidu‐Larry Salifu , Ampofo‐Asiama Jerry 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTProtein deficiency, especially among children, is prevalent in most developing countries. One sustainable strategy proposed to tackle this deficiency is by incorporating locally available but underutilised staple foods that are rich in proteins such as Bambara groundnut into pre‐existing and popular diets such as porridge prepared from roasted maize flour. This strategy can also be used to tackle vitamin A deficiency which is common among children and pregnant women through the incorporation of ripe plantain—a vitamin A rich staple. In this study, the quality of composite flours prepared from roasted maize, Bambara groundnut and ripe plantain and the acceptability of porridge made thereof was investigated. Increasing the levels of Bambara groundnut and ripe plantain increased the protein and β‐carotene levels, respectively, without affecting the physicochemical quality. Increasing the content of ripe plantain increased the iron content; however, higher levels of the Bambara groundnut increased the tannin content. Flash profiling showed that flour composition influenced the attributes of the porridges; however, hedonic sensory scores showed no differences in acceptability with respect to the aroma, appearance, texture and taste.
Optical Information Encryption Based on Secret Sharing Liquid Crystal Elements with Spatial Dislocation
Authors: Xu Xin , Qiao Siyuan , Guo Yinghui , Zhang Qi , Fu Guoquan , Pu Mingbo , Fan Yulong , Li Xiaoyin , Zhang Fei , Xu Mingfeng , Duan Fei , Luo Xiangang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOptical encryption is an increasingly significant technique in the realm of information security. In the recent decade, there has been considerable interest in using planar optics elements for information encryption. However, information leakage possibly occurs due to limited encrytion channels available for single‐layer devices. To circumvent this problem, a novel encryption method is put forward using secret sharing cascaded liquid crystal (LC) elements with spatial dislocation, which can produce near‐field patterns and far‐field holographic images under different illumination conditions. Specifically, Malus's Law and its inherent one‐to‐four mapping of rotational degeneracy, along with the Pancharatnam‐Berry (PB) phase introduced by LC molecules, to achieve multi‐channel encryption are utilized. Therefore, each cascaded LC unit can manipulate the amplitude and phase imparted to output light independently, thus only by obtaining both LC devices can decryption be realized. To further enhance the encryption security, the author purposely divide each LC device into multiple regions and find that the encrypted patterns can only be recovered when the two LC elements align precisely with a specific dislocation. These experimental measurements agree well with the design, thus demonstrating the strong encryption capability and broad application prospects of the design approach in the field of optical encryption with high cost‐effectiveness.
Do Entangled Polymer Chains Reptate?
Authors: Ngai Kia L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeutron spin echo spectroscopy of entangled polymer melts [M. Zamponi, et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 16220], and of tracer diffusion of short polymer chains in highly entangled polymer melt [M. Zamponi et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2021, 126, 187801.] and [M. Kruteva et al. Macromolecules 2021, 54, 11384] found the center‐of‐mass mean‐square displacements at shorter times are subdiffusive, heterogeneous, non‐Gaussian, and cooperative. These properties contradict the assumption of reptation within the tube in the tube‐reptation (TR) model, but are in accord with the predictions from the many‐chain cooperative dynamics in the theory of Guenza. The inadequacy of the TR model revealed by the microscopic experiments and theory motivates the author to reexamine previously published data of diffusion of entangled polymer chains from experiments and simulations used to test the TR model. The results reported in this study lead to the conclusion that the key predictions of the TR model are at variance with experimental and simulation data. The cause lies in the reptation hypothesis contradicting the cooperative nature of entangled chain diffusion proven by its dynamics being isomorphic to cooperative diffusion in other materials. The Coupling Model has predictions consistent with the cooperative diffusion properties in interacting materials [Prog. Mater. Sci., 2023, 139, 101130.]. Applied to the entangled polymers, the predictions successfully explain the data, especially those contradicting the TR model. Thus, diffusion of entangled polymer chains is a cooperative many‐chain process in having the universal properties of many‐body cooperative diffusion established in many other interacting materials, and the reptation hypothesis is unwarranted.
RNA modifications in pulmonary diseases
Authors: Qian Weiwei , Yang Lvying , Li Tianlong , Li Wanlin , Zhou Jian , Xie Shenglong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThreatening public health, pulmonary disease (PD) encompasses diverse lung injuries like chronic obstructive PD, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, pulmonary infections due to pathogen invasion, and fatal lung cancer. The crucial involvement of RNA epigenetic modifications in PD pathogenesis is underscored by robust evidence. These modifications not only shape cell fates but also finely modulate the expression of genes linked to disease progression, suggesting their utility as biomarkers and targets for therapeutic strategies. The critical RNA modifications implicated in PDs are summarized in this review, including N6‐methylation of adenosine, N1‐methylation of adenosine, 5‐methylcytosine, pseudouridine (5‐ribosyl uracil), 7‐methylguanosine, and adenosine to inosine editing, along with relevant regulatory mechanisms. By shedding light on the pathology of PDs, these summaries could spur the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies, ultimately paving the way for early PD diagnosis and treatment innovation.
Yogurt Prevents Colorectal Tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ Mice
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Qian Jin , Liu Qinglong , Guo Min , Zhang Hao , Li Haitao , Chen Wei 
Published: May 2024

ScopeYogurt consumption is related to a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but whether such association is causal remains unclear. Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are at increased risk of CRC development. Here, the study investigates the efficacy of yogurt for intestinal polyposis chemoprevention in ApcMin/+ mice, a preclinical model for human FAP.Methods and resultsA 10‐week yogurt supplementation (15 g kg−1) in ApcMin/+ mice significantly reduces the intestinal polyp number (6.50 ± 0.97 versus 1.80 ± 0.49; p < 0.001) compared to controls. 16S rRNA gene‐based microbiota analysis suggests that yogurt supplementation may greatly modulate the gut microbiome composition, especially in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Importantly, the fecal concentration of d‐lactate (d‐Lac, 0.39 ± 0.04 µmol g−1 versus 8.14 ± 0.62 µmol g−1; p < 0.001) is boosted by yogurt, while oral administration with d‐Lac (125 or 250 mg kg−1) reduces the polyp number by 71.43% or 77.14% (p < 0.001), respectively. The study also observes that d‐Lac does not affect cell viability and anchorage‐independence in CRC cells, but it greatly suppresses epidermal growth factor (EGF) or 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced cell transformation in preneoplastic cells. Mechanistically, it demonstrates that d‐Lac may attenuate epithelial cell transformation by targeting PI3K/AKT/β‐catenin axis.ConclusionYogurt protects against intestinal polyposis in ApcMin/+ mice, and d‐Lac may partially account for the chemopreventive effects above.
The IAEA remote audit of small field dosimetry for testing the implementation of the TRS‐483 code of practice
Authors: Kazantsev Pavel , Wesolowska Paulina , Bokulic Tomislav , Falowska‐Pietrzak Olga , Repnin Kostiantyn , Dimitriadis Alexis , Swamidas Jamema , Izewska Joanna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe TRS‑483, an IAEA/AAPM International Code of Practice on dosimetry of small static photon fields, underwent testing via an IAEA coordinated research project (CRP). Alongside small field output factors (OFs) measurements using active dosimeters by CRP participants, the IAEA Dosimetry Laboratory received a mandate to formulate a remote small field dosimetry audit method using its passive dosimetry systems.PurposeThis work aimed to develop a small field dosimetry audit methodology employing radiophotoluminescent dosimeters (RPLDs) and radiochromic films. The methodology was subsequently evaluated through a multicenter pilot study with CRP participants.MethodsThe developments included designing and manufacturing a dosimeter holder set and the characterization of an RPLD system for measurements in small photon fields using the new holder. The audit included verification of small field OFs and lateral beam profiles for small fields. At first, treatment planning system (TPS) calculated OFs were checked against a reference data set that was available for conventional linacs. Second, calculated OFs were verified through the RPLD measurement of point doses in a machine‐specific reference field, 4 cm × 4 cm, 2 cm × 2 cm, and 1 cm × 1 cm, corresponding size circular fields or nearest achievable field sizes. Lastly, profile checks in in‐plane and cross‐plane directions were done for the two smallest fields by comparing film measurements with TPS calculations at 20%, 50%, and 80% isodose levels.ResultsRPLD correction factors for small field measurements were approximately unity. However, they influenced the dose determination's overall uncertainty in small fields, estimated at 2.30% (k = 1 level). Considering the previous experience in auditing reference beam output following the TRS‐398 Code of Practice, the acceptance limit of 5% for the ratio of the dose determined by RPLD to the dose calculated by TPS, DRPLD/DTPS, was considered adequate. The multicenter pilot study included 15 participants from 14 countries (39 beams). Consistent with the previous findings, the results of the OF check against the reference data confirmed that TPSs tend to overestimate OFs for the smallest fields included in this exercise. All except three RPLD measurement results were within the acceptance limit, and the spread of results increased for smaller field sizes. The differences between the film measured and TPS calculated dose profiles were within 3 mm for most of the beams checked; deviated results revealed problems with TPS commissioning and calibration of the treatment unit collimation systems.ConclusionThe newly developed small field dosimetry audit methodology proved effective and successfully complemented the CRP OF measurements by participants with RPLD audit results.
Assessment of rheumatoid arthritis patients' knowledge about foot problems related to their illness and foot care practice
Authors: Ben Tekaya Aicha , Abid Yosr , Hannech Emna , Ben Dhia Siwar , Bouden Selma , Rouached Leila , Tekaya Rawdha , Mahmoud Ines , Saidane Olfa , Abdelmoula Leila 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionFoot problems are very common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Podiatric intervention through therapeutic education of RA patients on the different potential foot problems could improve patients' knowledge and management of their foot problems. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of RA patients on podiatric problems related to their illness and foot care practices.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study including patients diagnosed with RA and aged older than 18 years. Sociodemographic data, disease characteristics, and therapeutic data were collected. RA foot problems knowledge and foot care practice were assessed using a questionnaire combining questions developed from the literature search and a pretested validated questionnaire.ResultsOverall, 103 patients were included of whom 94 were female. The mean age was 56 years (±10 years) and the mean disease duration was 15 years (±10 years). Over 77% of patients reported never having received foot‐health‐related education. With regard to their knowledge about RA foot involvement, patients were aware that RA can affect the feet similarly to the hands (83%), lead to deformation of the foot (86%), lead to walking difficulties and falling (68%), and produce skin lesions of the foot (31%). Regarding participant's knowledge of appropriate footwear, 65% agreed that it would be beneficial to wear quality standard sports shoes. However, less than one‐third of patients know the podiatrist's skills.ConclusionOur study showed an awareness of the repercussions of RA on feet but a lack of knowledge on proper foot care, thus identifying a need for foot health therapeutic education.
Modeling dynamic crack branching in unsaturated porous media through multi‐phase micro‐periporomechanics
Authors: Pashazad Hossein , Song Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDynamic crack branching in unsaturated porous media holds significant relevance in various fields, including geotechnical engineering, geosciences, and petroleum engineering. This article presents a numerical investigation into dynamic crack branching in unsaturated porous media using a recently developed coupled micro‐periporomechanics (PPM) paradigm. This paradigm extends the PPM model by incorporating the micro‐rotation of the solid skeleton. Within this framework, each material point is equipped with three degrees of freedom: displacement, micro‐rotation, and fluid pressure. Consistent with the Cosserat continuum theory, a length scale associated with the micro‐rotation of material points is inherently integrated into the model. This study encompasses several key aspects: (1) Validation of the coupled micro‐PPM paradigm for effectively modeling crack branching in deformable porous media, (2) Examination of the transition from a single branch to multiple branches in porous media under drained conditions, (3) Simulation of single crack branching in unsaturated porous media under dynamic loading conditions, and (4) Investigation of multiple crack branching in unsaturated porous media under dynamic loading conditions. The numerical results obtained in this study are systematically analyzed to elucidate the factors that influence crack branching in porous media subjected to dynamic loading. Furthermore, the comprehensive numerical findings underscore the efficacy and robustness of the coupled micro‐PPM paradigm in accurately modeling dynamic crack branching in variably saturated porous media.
Otitis media with effusion in preschool children with adenoid hypertrophy: Risk factors and nursing care
Authors: Hu Runyi , Xia Lifang , Shi Chenchen , Zhou Ying , Guo Xiaowen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influencing factors of otitis media with effusion (OME) in children with adenoid hypertrophy and to provide evidence for clinical treatment and care of children with adenoid hypertrophy.DesignA retrospective study.MethodsPreschool children with adenoid hypertrophy treated in our hospital from 1 January 2021 to 30 July 2022 were included. We analysed the characteristics of OME and non‐OME children with adenoid hypertrophy. Pearson correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the risk factors for OME in children with adenoid hypertrophy.ConclusionA total of 166 children with adenoid hypertrophy were included; the incidence of OME in children with adenoid hypertrophy was 34.94%. The incidence of OME decreased significantly with the increase in age (p = 0.014). Logistic regression analysis showed that age < 3 years (OR = 3.149, 95%CI: 2.812–3.807) and duration of adenoid hypertrophy ≥12 months (OR = 2.326, 95%CI: 2.066–2.612) were the risk factors of OME in children with adenoid hypertrophy (all p < 0.05).Patient ContributionThe incidence of adenoid hypertrophy with OME is high in preschool children, and it is related to the age and duration of adenoid hypertrophy.
An efficient hybrid approach based design of photovoltaic fed grid integrated wireless electric vehicle battery charger
Authors: Kumar M. Jagadeesh , Rahul Kumar , Kumar Pappula Sampath , Chavda Jiten K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article proposes a Fire Hawk Optimizer (FHO) technique for photovoltaic fed grid connected wireless electric vehicle battery‐charger. The optimization issues are solved by the FHO across a countless endless exploring space. The main aim of the proposed technique is to enhance the efficiency, reduce energy demand, improve communication amid the receiver and transmitter sides of electric vehicle (EV) and reduce range anxiety. A photovoltaic (PV) panel, an energy storage unit (ESU), and electric vehicles are part of the proposed topology. Each unit is separately regulated, and the converter of energy storage unit uses a voltage‐regulation mechanism to guarantee that the direct current bus voltage is kept in nominal‐level when operating in various circumstances. An essential requirement for the quick commercialization of EVs is the ability to charge them. Moreover, the charging‐station smartly uses grid power in the event that the battery storage is empty and the generation of solar photovoltaic array is not available. The inverter is tuned using the proposed technique. The FHO method is done in MATLAB software and it evaluated their performance. The proposed methodology provides higher efficiency of 91% than the existing techniques.
Nitroxide mediated controlled radical polymerization of α‐Methylene‐γ‐Butyrolactone
Authors: Métafiot Adrien , Marić Milan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe controlled polymerization of α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone (MBL, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone found in tulips) was performed by nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) using the alkoxyamine Dispolreg 007 as the initiating system at 80 °C in 50 wt% DMSO. Features of a reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) were observed with a linear growth of the macro‐radical with conversion and a relatively low dispersity (Ð ≤ 1.45). The P(MBL) homopolymer chain ends were mostly re‐activatable as the chain extensions with styrene (S) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in DMSO were successful. Interestingly, the polymerization of MBL initiated by 2‐methyl‐2‐[N‐tert‐butyl‐N‐(1‐diethoxyphosphoryl‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl)‐aminoxy]‐N‐propionyloxysuccinimide (known as NHS‐BlocBuilder) under various experimental conditions did not produce well‐defined P(MBL), possibly due to an excessively high equilibrium constant. However, the bulk copolymerization of MBL with 10–21 mol% of β‐myrcene (Myr, another renewable monomer from the terpene family) initiated by NHS‐BlocBuilder at 100–110 °C led to all the features of a controlled system. The SG1 chain end fidelity of the resulting P(MBL‐co‐Myr) copolymer was confirmed via 31P NMR and by re‐initiating successfully the copolymer chains with a mixture of GMA and Myr monomers at 120 °C in DMSO.
Crystal structure of human Cep57 C‐terminal domain reveals the presence of leucine zipper and the potential microtubule binding region
Authors: Sukla Sanskrita , Dhakshinamoorthy Dhayanitha Ranganathan , Ramesh Arvind V. , Lew Scott , Su Min , Seetharaman Jayaraman 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCep57, a vital centrosome‐associated protein, recruits essential regulatory enzymes for centriole duplication. Its dysfunction leads to anomalies, including reduced centrioles and mosaic‐variegated aneuploidy syndrome. Despite functional investigations, understanding structural aspects and their correlation with functions is partial till date. We present the structure of human Cep57 C‐terminal microtubule binding (MT‐BD) domain, revealing conserved motifs ensuring functional preservation across evolution. A leucine zipper, with an adjacent possible microtubule‐binding region, potentially forms a stabilizing scaffold for microtubule nucleation—accommodating pulling and tension from growing microtubules. This study highlights conserved structural features of Cep57 protein, compares them with other analogous proteins, and explores how protein function is maintained across diverse organisms.