bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy—A Novel Effective Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction in Severe ED Patients Who Respond Poorly to PDE5 Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Gruenwald Ilan , Appel Boaz , Vardi Yoram 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Low-intensity shock wave therapy (LI-ESWT) has been reported as an effective treatment in men with mild and moderate erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim
The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of LI-ESWT in severe ED patients who were poor responders to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) therapy.

Methods
This was an open-label single-arm prospective study on ED patients with an erection hardness score (EHS) ≤ 2 at baseline. The protocol comprised two treatment sessions per week for 3 weeks, which were repeated after a 3-week no-treatment interval. Patients were followed at 1 month (FU1), and only then an active PDE5i medication was provided for an additional month until final follow-up visit (FU2).
At each treatment session, LI-ESWT was applied on the penile shaft and crus at five different anatomical sites (300 shocks, 0.09 mJ/mm2 intensity at120 shocks/min).
Each subject underwent a full baseline assessment of erectile function using validated questionnaires and objective penile hemodynamic testing before and after LI-ESWT.

Main Outcome Measures
Outcome measures used are changes in the International Index of Erectile Function-erectile function domain (IIEF-ED) scores, the EHS measurement, and the three parameters of penile hemodynamics and endothelial function.

Results
Twenty-nine men (mean age of 61.3) completed the study. Their mean IIEF-ED scores increased from 8.8 ± 1 (baseline) to 12.3 ± 1 at FU1 (P = 0.035). At FU2 (on active PDE5i treatment), their IIEF-ED further increased to 18.8 ± 1 (P &lt; 0.0001), and 72.4% (P &lt; 0.0001) reached an EHS of ≥3 (allowing full sexual intercourse). A significant improvement (P = 0.0001) in penile hemodynamics was detected after treatment and this improvement significantly correlated with increases in the IIEF-ED (P &lt; 0.05). No noteworthy adverse events were reported.

Conclusions
Penile LI-ESWT is a new modality that has the potential to treat a subgroup of severe ED patients. These preliminary data need to be reconfirmed by multicenter sham control studies in a larger group of ED patients.
The Impacts of Chronic Wasting Disease and its Management on Recreational Hunters
Authors: Zimmer Natalie M. P. , Boxall Peter C. , Adamowicz Wiktor L. 
Published: October 2011

This paper examines the site choices of recreational deer hunters in context of changing levels of chronic wasting disease (CWD) and its management in Alberta. CWD is a prion disease that affects wild cervids and is found in Saskatchewan and Alberta. There are no known human health risks from CWD but the condition is fatal for cervids. The methodological approach employed utilizes both revealed and stated preference data collected from resident hunters using a computer‐based survey. The results suggest that while hunting behavior is not significantly altered by current CWD levels and management programs, there would be some changes given higher prevalence and spread levels of the disease. To avoid a situation of high CWD spread and prevalence, hunters would be willing to pay on average $20.35 per trip to keep CWD at current levels. This translated into just under a million dollars of direct economic value. Although the estimate is not large compared to other provincial economic activities, when added up over a number of years the economic losses could be substantial.Le présent article examine les choix de site des amateurs de chasse au cerf en fonction de l’évolution de la maladie débilitante chronique des cervidés (MDC) et de la gestion de cette maladie en Alberta. La MDC est une maladie à prions qui frappe les cervidés sauvages, notamment en Saskatchewan et en Alberta. Cette maladie ne semble pas présenter de risques pour la santé humaine, mais elle demeure fatale pour les cervidés. Nous avons utilisé une approche méthodologique comprenant des données sur les préférences révélées et les préférences déclarées des chasseurs résidents, recueillies au moyen d’un sondage informatisé. D’après les résultats, bien que les niveaux actuels de la MDC et les programmes de gestion n’aient pas entraîné de changements considérables sur le plan du comportement de chasse, une hausse de la prévalence et des niveaux de propagation de la maladie pourrait toutefois entraîner certains changements. Afin d’éviter une augmentation de la propagation et de la prévalence de la MDC, les chasseurs se sont dit prêts à verser en moyenne 20,35 $ par voyage de chasse pour contenir la maladie aux niveaux actuels, ce qui représenterait une valeur économique directe de près de un million de dollars. Bien que cette estimation soit faible par rapport aux autres activités économiques provinciales, les pertes financières cumulées sur un certain nombre d’années pourraient toutefois être substantielles.
Spectrum evolution in binary pulsar B1259−63/LS 2883 Be star and gigahertz-peaked spectra
Authors: Kijak J. , Dembska M. , Lewandowski W. , Melikidze G. , Sendyk M. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
We study the radio spectrum of PSR B1259−63 orbiting around the Be star LS 2883 and show that the shape of the spectrum depends on the orbital phase. At frequencies below 3 GHz, PSR B1259−63 flux densities are lower when measured near the periastron passage than those measured far from periastron. We suggest that an interaction of the radio waves with the Be star environment accounts for this effect. While it is quite natural to explain the pulsar eclipse by the presence of an equatorial disc around LS 2883, this disc alone cannot be responsible for the observed spectral evolution of PSR B1259−63 and we, therefore, propose a qualitative model which explains this evolution. We consider two mechanisms that might influence the observed radio emission: free–free absorption and cyclotron resonance. We believe that this binary system can hold the clue to the understanding of gigahertz-peaked spectra of pulsars.
Intragroup Conflict Under the Microscope: Micro‐Conflicts in Naturalistic Team Discussions
Authors: Paletz Susannah B. F. , Schunn Christian D. , Kim Kevin H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe argue for the value of examining micro‐conflicts, brief moment‐by‐moment disagreements in conversations, and present a test of a coding scheme for this construct. Conceptualized and measured as such, micro‐conflicts are brief rather than long‐lasting behaviors, observational rather than self‐report, and do not rely on participant retrospection. Using video data from naturalistic multidisciplinary teams, we examined type of micro‐conflicts, micro‐conflict resolution, affect, and the effect of team characteristics. Logistic regression revealed that negative affect was uncommon for micro‐conflicts but still negatively related to micro‐conflict resolution. Process micro‐conflicts were more prevalent early in teams’ life cycles and in groups that experienced more obstacles and frustrations. Future research using this micro‐behavioral construct can link immediate cognitive and affective consequences and antecedents to these micro‐disagreements. It is possible that micro‐conflicts, as minute behaviors, may be less emotionally intense and more easily resolved and thus have different implications, predictors, and correlates than macro‐, self‐reported conflicts.
“Environmental Hypertensionology” The Effects of Environmental Factors on Blood Pressure in Clinical Practice and Research
Authors: Brook Robert D. , Weder Alan B. , Rajagopalan Sanjay 
Published: October 2011

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13:836–842. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Blood pressure (BP) is affected by many environmental factors including ambient temperature, altitude, latitude, noise, and air pollutants. Given their pervasiveness, it is plausible that such factors may also have an impact on hypertension prevalence and control rates. Health care providers should be aware that the environment can play a significant role in altering BP. Although not among the established modifiable risk factors (eg, obesity) for hypertension, reducing exposures when pertinent should be considered to prevent or control hypertension. The authors provide a concise review of the evidence linking diverse environmental factors with BP and suggest an approach for incorporating this knowledge into clinical practice. The authors propose using the term environmental hypertensionology to refer to the study of the effects of environmental factors on BP in clinical and research settings.
A Novel, Nonbinary Evaluation of Success and Failure Reveals Bupropion Efficacy Versus Methamphetamine Dependence: Reanalysis of a Multisite Trial
Authors: McCann David J. , Li Shou‐Hua 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYA multisite, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of bupropion for methamphetamine dependence was reanalyzed using a novel, nonbinary method of evaluating success and failure. The original analysis focused on a group response endpoint (the change in percentage of participants with methamphetamine‐free urines each week over the course of the trial) and no significant bupropion effect was observed in the total population of study participants. In this reanalysis, individual participants were regarded as treatment success if they achieved multiple weeks of abstinence lasting through the end of the study, and their degree of success was quantified by calculating the number of beyond‐threshold weeks of success (NOBWOS). Thus, setting the threshold at 1 week of end‐of‐study abstinence (EOSA), treatment successes were assigned NOBWOS values ranging from 1 to 11, with 1 corresponding to 2 weeks EOSA and 11 corresponding to abstinence throughput the entire 12‐week trial. Treatment failures were assigned a value of 0. Comparison of NOBWOS values revealed a significant effect of bupropion to facilitate abstinence (P= 0.0176). In the bupropion group, 20% of participants achieved 2 or more weeks EOSA, 14% achieved 6 or more weeks EOSA, and 6% were abstinent throughout the trial; this compares with 7%, 4%, and 1% in the placebo group, respectively. On the basis of the NOBWOS analysis, bupropion seems to effectively facilitate the achievement of abstinence in methamphetamine‐dependent individuals.
Impact of Inadequate Empirical Therapy on the Mortality of Patients with Bloodstream Infections: a Propensity Score-Based Analysis
Authors: Retamar Pilar , Portillo María M. , López-Prieto María Dolores , Rodríguez-López Fernando , de Cueto Marina , García María V. , Gómez María J. , del Arco Alfonso , Muñoz Angel , Sánchez-Porto Antonio , Torres-Tortosa Manuel , Martín-Aspas Andrés , Arroyo Ascensión , García-Figueras Carolina , Acosta Federico , Corzo Juan E. , León-Ruiz Laura , Escobar-Lara Trinidad , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús ,   the SAEI/SAMPAC Bacteremia Group
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
The impact of the adequacy of empirical therapy on outcome for patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) is key for determining whether adequate empirical coverage should be prioritized over other, more conservative approaches. Recent systematic reviews outlined the need for new studies in the field, using improved methodologies. We assessed the impact of inadequate empirical treatment on the mortality of patients with BSI in the present-day context, incorporating recent methodological recommendations. A prospective multicenter cohort including all BSI episodes in adult patients was performed in 15 hospitals in Andalucía, Spain, over a 2-month period in 2006 to 2007. The main outcome variables were 14- and 30-day mortality. Adjusted analyses were performed by multivariate analysis and propensity score-based matching. Eight hundred one episodes were included. Inadequate empirical therapy was administered in 199 (24.8%) episodes; mortality at days 14 and 30 was 18.55% and 22.6%, respectively. After controlling for age, Charlson index, Pitt score, neutropenia, source, etiology, and presentation with severe sepsis or shock, inadequate empirical treatment was associated with increased mortality at days 14 and 30 (odds ratios [ORs], 2.12 and 1.56; 95% confidence intervals [95% CI], 1.34 to 3.34 and 1.01 to 2.40, respectively). The adjusted ORs after a propensity score-based matched analysis were 3.03 and 1.70 (95% CI, 1.60 to 5.74 and 0.98 to 2.98, respectively). In conclusion, inadequate empirical therapy is independently associated with increased mortality in patients with BSI. Programs to improve the quality of empirical therapy in patients with suspicion of BSI and optimization of definitive therapy should be implemented.
In VitroEffect of Malachite Green on Candida albicans Involves Multiple Pathways and Transcriptional RegulatorsUPC2andSTP2
Authors: Dhamgaye Sanjiveeni , Devaux Frederic , Manoharlal Raman , Vandeputte Patrick , Shah Abdul Haseeb , Singh Ashutosh , Blugeon Corinne , Sanglard Dominique , Prasad Rajendra 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study, we show that a chemical dye, malachite green (MG), which is commonly used in the fish industry as an antifungal, antiparasitic, and antibacterial agent, could effectively killCandida albicansand non-C. albicansspecies. We have demonstrated thatCandidacells are susceptible to MG at a very low concentration (MIC that reduces growth by 50% [MIC50], 100 ng ml−1) and that the effect of MG is independent of known antifungal targets, such as ergosterol metabolism and major drug efflux pump proteins. Transcriptional profiling in response to MG treatment ofC. albicanscells revealed that of a total of 207 responsive genes, 167 genes involved in oxidative stress, virulence, carbohydrate metabolism, heat shock, amino acid metabolism, etc., were upregulated, while 37 genes involved in iron acquisition, filamentous growth, mitochondrial respiration, etc., were downregulated. We confirmed experimentally thatCandidacells exposed to MG resort to a fermentative mode of metabolism, perhaps due to defective respiration. In addition, we showed that MG triggers depletion of intracellular iron pools and enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. These effects could be reversed by the addition of iron or antioxidants, respectively. We provided evidence that the antifungal effect of MG is exerted through the transcription regulatorsUPC2(regulating ergosterol biosynthesis and azole resistance) andSTP2(regulating amino acid permease genes). Taken together, our transcriptome, genetic, and biochemical results allowed us to decipher the multiple mechanisms by which MG exerts its anti-Candidaeffects, leading to a metabolic shift toward fermentation, increased generation of ROS, labile iron deprivation, and cell necrosis.
SREBP-Dependent Triazole Susceptibility in Aspergillus fumigatus Is Mediated through Direct Transcriptional Regulation oferg11A(cyp51A)
Authors: Blosser Sara J. , Cramer Robert A. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTAs triazole antifungal drug resistance during invasiveAspergillus fumigatusinfection has become more prevalent, the need to understand mechanisms of resistance inA. fumigatushas increased. The presence of twoerg11(cyp51) genes inAspergillusspp. is hypothesized to account for the inherent resistance of this mold to the triazole fluconazole (FLC). Recently, anA. fumigatusnull mutant of a transcriptional regulator in the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) family, the ΔsrbAstrain, was found to have increased susceptibility to FLC and voriconazole (VCZ). In this study, we examined the mechanism engendering the observed increase inA. fumigatustriazole susceptibility in the absence of SrbA. We observed a significant reduction in theerg11Atranscript in the ΔsrbAstrain in response to FLC and VCZ. Transcript levels oferg11Bwere also reduced but not to the extent oferg11A. Interestingly,erg11Atranscript levels increased upon extended VCZ, but not FLC, exposure. Construction of anerg11Aconditional expression strain in the ΔsrbAstrain was able to restoreerg11Atranscript levels and, consequently, wild-type MICs to the triazole FLC. The VCZ MIC was also partially restored upon increasederg11Atranscript levels; however, total ergosterol levels remained significantly reduced compared to those of the wild type. Induction of theerg11Aconditional strain did not restore the hypoxia growth defect of the ΔsrbAstrain. Taken together, our results demonstrate a critical role for SrbA-mediated regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis and triazole drug interactions inA. fumigatusthat may have clinical importance.
A Patatin-Like Protein Protects Toxoplasma gondii from Degradation in a Nitric Oxide-Dependent Manner
Authors: Tobin Crystal M. , Knoll Laura J. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTToxoplasma gondiiis an obligate intracellular parasite that uses immune cells to disseminate throughout its host.T. gondiican persist and even slowly replicate in activated host macrophages by reducing the antimicrobial effects of molecules such as nitric oxide (NO). AT. gondiipatatin-like protein called TgPL1 was previously shown to be important for survival in activated macrophages. Here we show that aT. gondiimutant with a deletion of theTgPL1gene (ΔTgPL1) is degraded in activated macrophages. This degradation phenotype is abolished by the removal of NO by the use of an inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor or iNOS-deficient macrophages. The exogenous addition of NO to macrophages results in reduced parasite growth but not the degradation of ΔTgPL1 parasites. These results suggest that NO is necessary but not sufficient for the degradation of ΔTgPL1 parasites in activated macrophages. While some patatin-like proteins have phospholipase A2(PLA2) activity, recombinant TgPL1 purified fromEscherichia colidoes not have phospholipase activity. This result was not surprising, as TgPL1 contains a G-to-S change at the predicted catalytic serine residue. An epitope-tagged version of TgPL1 partially colocalized with a dense granule protein in the parasitophorous vacuole space. These results may suggest that TgPL1 moves to the parasitophorous vacuole to protect parasites from nitric oxide by an undetermined mechanism.
On high-altitude projectile motion
Authors: Benacka Jan 
Published: October 2011

In this study, the formulas for projectile velocity components and coordinates in a vacuum were derived with the altitude decrease in gravitational acceleration factored in. A model of cannon shell motion in the air is presented that accounts for the altitude dependence of gravitational acceleration, air density, the speed of sound up to an altitude of 84 km, and the speed dependence of the drag coefficient at trans- and supersonic speeds. The drag coefficient function is obtained by fitting to experimental data taken for the US M101 155 mm shell. The model gives flight parameters that agree with the published ones. The motion of the Paris Gun projectile is then modeled. The model shows that a range of 120 km is possible if the projectile mass is about 150 kg. A flat Earth approximation was used in the computations. Changing the launch angle to 90°, super high-altitude vertical ascent and free fall are modeled.
Thermodynamics of a Bardeen black hole in noncommutative space
Authors: Sharif M. , Javed Wajiha 
Published: October 2011

In this paper, we examine the effects of space noncommutativity on the thermodynamics of a Bardeen charged regular black hole. For a suitable choice of sets of parameters, the behavior of the singularity, horizon, mass function, black hole mass, temperature, entropy and its differential, area, and energy distribution of the Bardeen solution have been discussed graphically for both noncommutative and commutative spaces. Graphs show that the commutative coordinates extrapolate all such quantities (except temperature) for a given set of parameters. It is interesting to mention here that these sets of parameters provide the singularity (essential for rh > 0) and horizon (f(rh) = 0 for rh > 0) for the black hole solution in noncommutative space, while for commutative space no such quantity exists.
CXO CDFS J033260.0-274748: A quasar with unusual spectra possibly blueshifted?1This paper is being published without benefit of authors’ corrections.
Authors: Basu D. 
Published: October 2011

CXO CDFS J033260.0-274748 is a quasi-stellar object (QSO) and identification of several emission lines observed in its optical spectrum has led to the determination of its redshift as 2.579. On the other hand, the Chandra ACIS-I spectrum has detected a strong absorption feature at the observed wavelength around 6.3 keV that cannot be identified under normal physical conditions. The authors have invoked an unusually large outflow bulk velocity of 0.7c–0.8c to explain the feature. However, such extraordinarily high bulk velocities are unprecedented in the extragalactic literature. We show here that the optical emission lines and the X-ray absorption feature can be identified with search lines of longer wavelengths that have been blueshifted and do not need any unusual physical conditions to be invoked. The blueshifted spectra are explained as being due to the net motion of the QSO along with the absorbing cloud towards the observer. Two scenarios are proposed, namely, the ejection mechanism and the multiverse.
p53 Negatively Regulates the Hepatoma Growth Factor HDGF
Authors: Sasaki Yasushi , Negishi Hideaki , Idogawa Masashi , Yokota Ikuko , Koyama Ryota , Kusano Masanobu , Suzuki Hiromu , Fujita Masahiro , Maruyama Reo , Toyota Minoru , Saito Tsuyoshi , Tokino Takashi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a secreted heparin-binding growth factor that has been implicated in cancer development and progression. Here, we report that HDGF is a critical target for transcriptional repression by the tumor suppressor p53. Endogenous HDGF expression was decreased in cancer cells with introduction of wild-type p53, which also downregulated HDGF expression after DNA damage. In support of the likelihood that HDGF is a critical driver of cancer cell growth, addition of neutralizing HDGF antibodies to culture media was sufficient to block cell growth, migration, and invasion. Similarly, these effects were elicited by conditioned culture medium from p53-expressing cells, and they could be reversed by the addition of recombinant human HDGF. Interestingly, we found that HDGF was overexpressed also in primary gastric, breast, and lung cancer tissues harboring mutant p53 genes. Mechanistic investigations revealed that p53 repressed HDGF transcription by altering HDAC-dependent chromatin remodeling. Taken together, our results reveal a new pathway in which loss of p53 function contributes to the aggressive pathobiological potential of human cancers by elevating HDGF expression. Cancer Res; 71(22); 7038–47. ©2011 AACR.