bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Powerful Cocktail Methods for Detecting Genome‐Wide Gene‐Environment Interaction
Authors: Hsu Li , Jiao Shuo , Dai James Y. , Hutter Carolyn , Peters Ulrike , Kooperberg Charles 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIdentifying gene and environment interaction (G × E) can provide insights into biological networks of complex diseases, identify novel genes that act synergistically with environmental factors, and inform risk prediction. However, despite the fact that hundreds of novel disease‐associated loci have been identified from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), few G × Es have been discovered. One reason is that most studies are underpowered for detecting these interactions. Several new methods have been proposed to improve power for G × E analysis, but performance varies with scenario. In this article, we present a module‐based approach to integrating various methods that exploits each method's most appealing aspects. There are three modules in our approach: (1) a screening module for prioritizing Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs); (2) a multiple comparison module for testing G × E; and (3) a G × E testing module. We combine all three of these modules and develop two novel “cocktail” methods. We demonstrate that the proposed cocktail methods maintain the type I error, and that the power tracks well with the best existing methods, despite that the best methods may be different under various scenarios and interaction models. For GWAS, where the true interaction models are unknown, methods like our “cocktail” methods that are powerful under a wide range of situations are particularly appealing. Broadly speaking, the modular approach is conceptually straightforward and computationally simple. It builds on common test statistics and is easily implemented without additional computational efforts. It also allows for an easy incorporation of new methods as they are developed. Our work provides a comprehensive and powerful tool for devising effective strategies for genome‐wide detection of gene‐environment interactions.
Prevalence, presentation and prognosis of delirium in older people in the population, at home and in long term care: a review
Authors: de Lange E. , Verhaak P. F. M. , van der Meer K. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to provide an overview of prevalence, symptoms, risk factors and prognosis of delirium in primary care and institutionalized long‐term care.DesignThe method used in this study is a systematic PubMed search and literature review.ResultsThe prevalence of delirium in the population among the elderly aged 65+ years is 1–2%. Prevalence rises with age: 10% among a “general” population aged 85+ years. Prevalence rises up to 22% in populations with higher percentages of demented elder. In long‐term care, prevalence ranges between 1.4% and 70%, depending on diagnostic criteria and on the prevalence of dementia. There is a significant increase of the risk of delirium with age and cognitive decline in all groups. Concerning prognosis, most studies agree that older people who previously experienced delirium have a higher risk of dementia and a higher mortality rate. Population and long‐term care studies show the same tendency.ConclusionsDelirium in a non‐selected population aged 65+ years is uncommon. However, prevalence rises very quickly in selected older groups. Primary care doctors should be aware of a relatively high risk of delirium among the elderly in long‐term care, those older than 85 years and those with dementia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A DUAL ATKINSON MEASURE OF SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITY OF HEALTH
Authors: Erreygers Guido 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe Atkinson index of income inequality is based on a comparison of the average income with the equivalent income, where the equivalent income is defined as the level of income that, if given to everyone, would generate the same social welfare as the existing distribution of income. This paper explores the possibility of extending this approach to the measurement of socioeconomic inequality of health. It assumes a social evaluation function that depends upon two variables: socioeconomic status as well as health status. With a general form of this function, an Atkinson measure is derived, which gives exactly the same result when applied to the socioeconomic variable and when applied to the health variable. The paper examines the properties of the index and suggests various extensions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New endoscopic thyroidectomy via a unilateral axillo‐breast approach with gas insufflation: Preliminary report
Authors: Lee Myung‐Chul , Mo Jeong‐A , Joon Choi Ik , Lee Byung‐Chul , Lee Guk‐Haeng 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundInvasiveness of endoscopic thyroidectomy has been in debate. The purpose of this study was to introduce new endoscopic thyroidectomy via a unilateral axillo‐breast approach (UABA) with gas insufflation to lessen invasiveness.MethodsWe performed 68 cases of hemithyroidectomy via a UABA with gas insufflation from January to July 2011. The following variables were studied: operation time, pain score, drainage amount, drainage day, perioperative complications, pathological outcomes, and cosmetic satisfaction.ResultsMean postoperative pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were 2.75 ± 0.93 and 2.07 ± 0.79 at 1 and 3 days after surgery. The mean amount of drainage over the first 3 postoperative days was 144.35 ± 51.64 mL, and the mean time to drain removal was 3.75 ± 0.81 days. Two cases (2.9%) of transient vocal cord palsy and 2 cases (2.9%) of seroma were identified. All patients were satisfied with the cosmetic results.ConclusionEndoscopic thyroidectomy via a UABA with gas insufflation is a feasible and less invasive option for selected patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
A review of polyvinyl alcohol and its uses in cartilage and orthopedic applications
Authors: Baker Maribel I. , Walsh Steven P. , Schwartz Zvi , Boyan Barbara D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer derived from polyvinyl acetate through partial or full hydroxylation. PVA is commonly used in medical devices due to its low protein adsorption characteristics, biocompatibility, high water solubility, and chemical resistance. Some of the most common medical uses of PVA are in soft contact lenses, eye drops, embolization particles, tissue adhesion barriers, and as artificial cartilage and meniscus. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the available published information on PVA with respect to its safety as a medical device implant material for cartilage replacement. The review includes historical clinical use of PVA in orthopedics, and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility studies. Finally, the safety recommendation involving the further development of PVA cryogels for cartilage replacement is addressed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2012.
The electronic spectra and the H‐bonding pattern of the sulfur and selenium substituted guanines
Authors: Wang Jing , Gu Jiande , Leszczynski Jerzy 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP, M05‐2x, and M06‐2x functionals, along with the 6‐311+G(d, p) basis set, were used in the study of the UV absorption spectra and the H‐bonding pairing patterns of the sulfur and selenium substituted guanines. The time‐dependent DFT calculations reveal that the red‐shifts of the transition energies predicted for guanine for the first gas‐phase observable transition amount to 55 nm for S6mG and 86 nm for Se6mG, respectively. These changes in the transition energies are qualitatively comparable to the experimental data for substituted guanines in DNA. The density deformation map reveals that both sulfur and selenium atoms exhibit lesser conjugated with the purine ring, which leads to the small transition energies in S6mG and Se6mG. The decrease in binding energy (3 kcal/mol) of Se6mGmC as compared to that of mGmC is well related to the observation of the melting temperature difference ΔTm∼3.9 °C for the Se‐DNA versus DNA. The molecular recognition (mGmC pairing) pattern is found to be changed significantly due to the replacement of O6 by S or Se. The substantial base–base plane twisting revealed in this study suggests that the base stacking in the DNA might be interrupted. This study shows that the red‐shifts of the transition energies predicted by the M05‐2x and M06‐2x functionals are close to those revealed by the B3LYP calculations. As M05‐2x and M06‐2x offer better descriptions for the dispersion interactions, they provide efficient approaches to investigate the influences of the base‐stacking on the transition energies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are the DSM‐IV Personality Disorders Related to Mindfulness? An Italian Study on Clinical Participants
Authors: Fossati Andrea , Vigorelli Porro Federico , Maffei Cesare , Borroni Serena 
Published: April 2012

ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the relationships between measures of mindfulness, self‐report, and interview measures of personality disorders (PDs) in a sample of 111 consecutively admitted adult outpatients.ResultsWhen PDs were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis II Personality Disorders, Version 2.0, borderline and histrionic PD, as well as the overall number of PD criteria met by each participant, were significantly predicted by mindfulness measures. When the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire‐4+ (PDQ‐4+) scale scores were entered in the regression equations as dependent variables, only the obsessive‐compulsive PD seemed to be unrelated with mindfulness. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale total score and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Act with Awareness scale were consistent, negative, and nonredundant predictors of PDQ‐4+ dimensionally assessed PDs.ConclusionAs a whole, our findings support the hypothesis that low levels of mindfulness play a significant role in personality psychopathology, and particularly in borderline PD.
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in advanced nonsmall‐cell lung cancer patients treated with first‐line bevacizumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatin
Authors: Chang Yeun‐Chung , Yu Chong‐Jen , Chen Chung‐Ming , Hu Fu‐Chang , Hsu Hao‐Hsiang , Tseng Wen‐Yih I , Ting‐Fang Shih Tiffany , Yang Pan‐Chyr , Chih‐Hsin Yang James 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose:To investigate dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of advanced nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with the antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin as first‐line treatment.Materials and Methods:All patients were enrolled for MRI and computed tomography (CT) before and after the first three courses of bevacizumab combination chemotherapy. Pharmacokinetic parameters (Ktrans, kep, ve, vp) derived from DCE MRI were computed for the main mass. Parametric histogram analysis was obtained to evaluate changes of the internal tumor composition and for correlation with tumor response measured on CT.Results:After three cycles of treatment, 11 patients showed decreased tumor size and a decreased value of all MR‐derived pharmacokinetic parameters. Among these parameters, there was a significant decrease of mean and standard deviation of the Ktrans histogram as well as a decrease of mean of the kep histogram (P < 0.05). Tumors with larger mean values of rate constant kep (P < 0.0001) and smaller standard deviation of volume of extravascular extracellular space fraction ve (P < 0.0001) on histograms before chemotherapy were considered predictors for treatment response.Conclusion:DCE MRI enables a functional analysis of the treatment response of NSCLC. MRI parametric histogram has the potential to predict early treatment response of combined bevacizumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatin. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:387–396. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Naphthazarin has a protective effect on the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridine‐induced Parkinson's disease model
Authors: Choi Seon Young , Son Tae Gen , Park Hee Ra , Jang Young Jung , Oh Shin Bi , Jin Bora , Lee Jaewon 
Published: April 2012

Abstract“Neurohormesis” refers to a response to a moderate level of stress that enhances the ability of the nervous systems to resist more severe stress that might be lethal or cause dysfunction or disease. Neurohormetic phytochemicals, such as, resveratrol, sulforaphane, curcumin, and catechins, protect neurons against injury and disease. Naphthoquinones, such as, juglone and plumbagin, induce robust hormetic stress responses. However, the possibility that subtoxic dose of 5,8‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (naphthazarin) may protect against brain diseases via the activation of an adaptive stress response pathway in the brain has not been investigated. In this study, we examined the neurohormetic effect of a subtoxic dose of naphthazarin in a Parkinson's disease model. It was found that, under these conditions, naphthazarin enhanced movement ability, prevented loss of dopaminergic neurons, and attenuated neuroinflammation in a 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridine‐induced Parkinson's disease model. Furthermore, it was found that the neuroprotective effect of naphthazarin was mediated by the suppression of astroglial activation in response to 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridine treatment. In conclusion, we suggest that naphthazarin, in view of its hormetic effect on neuroprotection, be viewed as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases associated with neuroinflammation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lead induces an osteoarthritis‐like phenotype in articular chondrocytes through disruption of TGF‐β signaling
Authors: Holz Jonathan D. , Beier Eric , Sheu Tzong‐Jen , Ubayawardena Resika , Wang Meina , Sampson Erik R. , Rosier Randy N. , Zuscik Michael , Puzas J. Edward 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLead remains a significant environmental toxin, and we believe we may have identified a novel target of lead toxicity in articular chondrocytes. These cells are responsible for the maintenance of joint matrix, and do so under the regulation of TGF‐β signaling. As lead is concentrated in articular cartilage, we hypothesize that it can disrupt normal chondrocyte phenotype through suppression of TGF‐β signaling. These experiments examine the effects of lead exposure in vivo and in vitro at biologically relevant levels, from 1 nM to 10 µM on viability, collagen levels, matrix degrading enzyme activity, TGF‐β signaling, and articular surface morphology. Our results indicate that viability was unchanged at levels ≤100 µM Pb, but low and high level lead in vivo exposure resulted in fibrillation and degeneration of the articular surface. Lead treatment also decreased levels of type II collagen and increased type X collagen, in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, MMP13 activity increased in a dose‐dependent manner. Active caspase 3 and 8 were dose‐dependently elevated, and treatment with 10 µM Pb resulted in increases of 30% and 500%, respectively. Increasing lead treatment resulted in a corresponding reduction in TGF‐β reporter activity, with a 95% reduction at 10µM. Levels of phosphoSmad2 and 3 were suppressed in vitro and in vivo and lead dose‐dependently increased Smurf2. These changes closely parallel those seen in osteoarthritis. Over time this phenotypic shift could compromise maintenance of the joint matrix. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1760–1766, 2012
Photorefractive Composite Based on a Monolithic Polymer
Authors: Giang Ha Ngoc , Kinashi Kenji , Sakai Wataru , Tsutsumi Naoto 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA new class of photorefractive (PR) composite based on a fully functionalized polymer with high phase‐stability is reported. The polymer containing non‐linear optical (NLO) chromophores and charge‐transporting carbazole moieties is synthesized by a polymer‐analogous reaction. The polymer is doped with plasticizer, NLO dye, and sensitizer to fabricate the PR composite. The NLO dye is the same as the NLO chromophore moiety in the polymer side chain. The PR performance of the composite is evaluated by degenerated four‐wave mixing and two‐beam coupling measurements. A diffraction efficiency of 30% at a relatively low applied electric field of 45 V μm−1 is achieved. Despite a high concentration of NLO dye, the composites show good stability for a long period without phase separation.
MicroRNA target site polymorphisms in the VHL‐HIF1α pathway predict renal cell carcinoma risk
Authors: Wei Hua , Ke Hung‐Lung , Lin Jie , Shete Sanjay , Wood Christopher G. , Hildebrandt Michelle A.T. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for ∼4% of all human malignancies and is the 9th leading cause of male cancer death in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variation within microRNA (miRNA)‐binding sites of genes in the VHL‐HIF1α pathway on RCC risk. We identified 429 miRNA‐binding site single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 102 pathway genes and assessed 53 tagging‐SNPs for 31 of these genes for risk in a case–control study consisting of 894 RCC cases and 1,516 controls. Results showed that five SNPs were significantly associated with RCC risk. The most significant finding was rs743409 in MAPK1. Under the additive model, the variant was associated with a 10% risk reduction (OR: 0.90, 95% CI, 0.77–0.98). Other significant findings were for SNPs in CDCP1, TFRC, and DEC1. Cumulative effects analysis showed that subjects carrying four or five unfavorable genotypes had a 2.14‐fold increase in risk (95% CI, 1.03–4.43, P = 0.04) than those with no unfavorable genotypes. Potential higher‐order gene–gene interactions were identified and categorized subjects into different risk groups. The OR of the high‐risk group defined by two SNPs: CDCP1:rs6773576 (GG) and DEC1:rs10982724 (GG) was 4.46 times higher than that of low‐risk reference group (95% CI, 1.31–15.08). Overall, our study provides the first evidence supporting a connection between miRNA‐binding site SNPs within the VHL‐HIF1α pathway and RCC risk. These novel genetic risk factors might help identify individuals at high risk to enable detection of tumors at an early, curable stage. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Primary lateral sclerosis as progressive supranuclear palsy: Diagnosis by diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Coon Elizabeth A. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Jack Clifford R. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:Evaluating the integrity of white matter tracts with diffusion tensor imaging may differentiate primary lateral sclerosis from progressive supranuclear palsy.Methods:Thirty‐three prospectively recruited subjects had standardized evaluations and diffusion tensor imaging: 3 with primary lateral sclerosis who presented with features suggestive of progressive supranuclear palsy, 10 with probable or definite progressive supranuclear palsy, and 20 matched controls. We compared fractional anisotropy of the corticospinal tract, superior cerebellar peduncles, and body of the corpus callosum between groups.Results:Both the primary lateral sclerosis and progressive supranuclear palsy subjects showed reduced fractional anisotropy in superior cerebellar peduncle and body of the corpus callosum compared with controls, but only primary lateral sclerosis subjects showed reductions in the corticospinal tracts. A ratio of corticospinal tract/superior cerebellar peduncle best distinguished the disorders (P < .02).Conclusions:The corticospinal tract/superior cerebellar peduncle ratio is a marker to differentiate primary lateral sclerosis from progressive supranuclear palsy. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint terminology and classification of the complications related to native tissue female pelvic floor surgery
Authors: Haylen Bernard T. , Freeman Robert M. , Lee Joseph , Swift Steven E. , Cosson Michel , Deprest Jan , Dwyer Peter L. , Fatton Brigitte , Kocjancic Ervin , Maher Chris , Petri Eckhard , Rizk Diaa E. , Schaer Gabriel N. , Webb Ralph 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction and HypothesisA terminology and standardized classification has yet to be developed for those complications related to native tissue female pelvic floor surgery.MethodsThis report on the terminology and classification combines the input of members of the Standardization and Terminology Committees of two International Organizations, the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) and the International Continence Society (ICS) and a Joint IUGA/ICS Working Group on Complications Terminology, assisted at intervals by many external referees. A process of rounds of internal and external review took place with decision‐making by collective opinion (consensus).ResultsA terminology and classification of complications related to native tissue female pelvic floor surgery has been developed, with the classification based on category (C), time (T), and site (S) classes and divisions, that should encompass all conceivable scenarios for describing operative complications and healing abnormalities. The CTS code for each complication, involving three (or four) letters and three numerals, is likely to be very suitable for any surgical audit or registry, particularly one that is procedure‐specific. Users of the classification have been assisted by case examples, color charts, and online aids (www.icsoffice.org/ntcomplication).ConclusionsA consensus‐based terminology and classification report for complications in native tissue female pelvic floor surgery has been produced. It is aimed at being a significant aid to clinical practice and particularly to research. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:406–414, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk factors for mesh complications after trocar guided transvaginal mesh kit repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse
Authors: Elmér Caroline , Falconer Christian , Hallin Anders , Larsson Gregor , Ek Marion , Altman Daniel ,   for the Nordic Transvaginal Mesh Group
Published: April 2012

AbstractAimsTo identify risk factors for mesh exposures after anterior pelvic organ prolapse repair using a standardized trocar guided polypropylene mesh kit.MethodsA secondary risk analysis combining patients from two prospective multicenter studies. Main outcome was clinical host‐vs‐implant reactions one year after surgery using a macroscopic inflammatory scale.Results353 patients were included in the study. Mean age at surgery was 65.3 (±9.6 SD) years and surgery was performed as a primary procedure in 224/353 (63.5%) patients. Mesh exposures, of which the majority were mild‐moderate, occurred in a total of 30/349 patients (8.6%). Multivariate logistic regression showed increased odds for mesh exposures for women who smoked before surgery (OR 3.48, 95% CI 1.18–10.28), who had given birth to more than two children (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.07–6.51) and those with somatic inflammatory disease (OR 5.11, 95% CI 1.17–22.23). Age, body mass index, and menopausal status showed no significant association with clinical mesh exposures.ConclusionsSmoking, multiple childbirth, and somatic inflammatory disease are possible risk factors for mesh exposure after trocar guided mesh kit surgery for anterior pelvic organ prolapse. Preoperative smoking cessation may decrease the risk for exposures. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:1165–1169, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.