bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study on Microstructure, Corrosion Morphology, and Friction Wear Properties of Layered Double Hydroxide/Steam Coating Composite Coatings on Mg–Li Alloy
Authors: Zhang Ju‐mei , Lian Duo‐Duo , Hou An‐Rong , Wang Zhi‐Hu , Zhang Meng‐Chun , Wu Jing Wen , Wang Chao‐Chao 
Published: May 2024

Mg alloy is the preferred material for the lightweight development of manufacturing industry. However, its application is limited due to the poor wear resistance and corrosion resistance. In this experiment, Mg–Al layered double hydroxide/steam coating (LDH/SC) composite coatings are prepared on the surface of LA43M Mg–Li alloy by steam treatment and in‐situ hydrothermal method for different times (12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 h). The morphology and structure of the coatings are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X‐ray diffractometer, and the friction wear test of the coatings is carried out. The corrosion resistance of the coatings is evaluated by immersion tests and hydrogen evolution experiments. The effect of hydrothermal time on the growth characteristics, wear resistance, and corrosion behavior of LDH/SC coatings in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution is systematically investigated. In addition, the growth mechanism and corrosion resistance mechanism of the LDH/SC coating are discussed. The results show that the composite coatings is mainly composed of LDH and Mg(OH)2 phases. Appropriately prolonging the hydrothermal reaction time is beneficial to the nucleation and growth of LDH. When the hydrothermal time is 30 h, the prepared coating has the best density, and the prepared coating can significantly improve the corrosion resistance and friction wear properties of the substrate.
Poly‐DADMAC Functionalized Polyethylene Oxide Composite Nanofibrous Mat as Highly Positive Material for Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Self‐Powered Pressure Sensors
Authors: Robiul Islam M. , Faruk Omar , Rana S M Sohel , Pradhan Gagan Bahadur , Kim Hongseok , Reza Md. Selim , Bhatta Trilochan , Park Jae Yeong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising technology for self‐powered sensors and vibration‐driven energy harvesting, with its development especially influenced by the characteristics of tribomaterials. However, developing tribopositive materials with a strong cationic effect and high electron‐donating capability remains challenging. In this study, a novel polyethylene oxide@poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PEO@Poly‐DADMAC) composite nanofiber mat (NFM) is successfully fabricated using the electrospinning technique. It functions as a highly tribopositive material, particularly enhancing the performance of nanofiber‐based TENGs (NF‐TENGs). Through investigation of its physical and triboelectric properties, the study revealed that incorporating cationic Poly‐DADMAC with PEO effectively boosts NF‐TENG output by increasing the dielectric constant (twofold), electron‐donating affinities, and surface charge trapping capability. The fabricated NF‐TENG shows excellent output performance generating 980 V, a maximum power density of 5.6 Wm−2, and an ultrahigh sensitivity of 8.923 V kPa−1 which endows composite reliability for power supply and sensing capability. More importantly, the PEO@Poly‐DADMAC‐based self‐powered motion sensor with an NF‐TENG array is successfully demonstrated in multifunctional applications such as athlete activity tracking, and wireless gaming interface control. This study not only offers new insights into optimizing performance and selecting alternative tribomaterials but also provides valuable guidance for developing high‐output TENGs and highly sensitive self‐powered sensors.
Metalloporphyrins as Building Blocks for Quantum Information Science
Authors: Santanni Fabio , Privitera Alberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe intrinsic quantum nature of molecules opens exciting opportunities for developing the field of quantum information science. In this context, porphyrins stand out as ideal building blocks for quantum technologies thanks to their unique optical and electrical properties as well as their capacity to accommodate metal atoms and ions. This review bridges the chemistry and physics of porphyrins, providing an overview of recent advances in porphyrin‐based molecular qubits. Starting from qubits, the review explores the potential of porphyrin units to combine, leading to the formation of quantum logic gates and hierarchical higher‐dimensional structures. Next, the exploitation of porphyrins' unique photophysical properties for realizing long‐lived high spin states is examined. These states are promising for the photogeneration of multi‐level systems and the optical initialization and control of molecular qubits. With a critical eye on the current state‐of‐the‐art, the review elucidates the future perspectives of porphyrins for advancing quantum technologies.
Multi‐component Copolymerized Donors enable Frozen Nano‐morphology and Superior Ductility for Efficient Binary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Congqi , Peng Ruixiang , Song Wei , Chen Zhenyu , Feng Tingting , Sun Dinghong , Bai Yongqi , Ge Ziyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMulti‐component copolymerized donors (MCDs) have gained significant interest and have been rapidly developed in flexible organic solar cells (f‐OSCs) in recent years. However, ensuring the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of f‐OSCs while retaining ideal mechanical properties remains an enormous challenge. The fracture strain (FS) value of typical high‐efficiency blend films is generally less than 8 %, which is far from the application standards of wearable photovoltaic devices. Therefore, we developed a series of novel MCDs after meticulous molecular design. Among them, the consistent MCD backbone and end‐capped functional group formed a highly conjugated molecular plane, and the solubilization and mechanical properties were effectively optimized by modifying the proportion of solubilized alkyl chains. Consequently, due to the formation of entangled structures with a frozen blend film morphology considerably improved the high ductility of the active layer, P10.8/P20.2‐TCl exhibited efficient PCE in rigid (18.53 %) and flexible (17.03 %) OSCs, along with excellent FS values (16.59 %) in pristine films, meanwhile, the outstanding FS values of 25.18 % and 12.3 % were achieved by P10.6/P20.4‐TCl ‐based pristine and blend films, respectively, which were one of the highest records achieved by end‐capped MCD‐based binary OSCs, demonstrating promising application to synchronize the realization of high‐efficiency and mechanically ductile flexible OSCs.
Topologically Defective Lattice Potential‐Based Gain‐Dissipative Ising Annealer with Large Noise Margin
Authors: Liao Zhiqiang , Tang Siyi , Sarker Md Shamim , Yamahara Hiroyasu , Seki Munetoshi , Tabata Hitoshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGain‐dissipative Ising machines (GIMs) are annealers inspired by physical systems such as Ising spin glasses to solve combinatorial optimization problems. Compared to traditional quantum annealers, GIM is relatively easier to scale and can save on additional power consumption caused by low‐temperature cooling. However, traditional GIMs have a limited noise margin. Specifically, their normal operation requires ensuring that the noise intensity is lower than their saturation fixed point amplitude, which may result in increased power consumption to suppress noise‐induced spin state switching. To enhance the noise robustness of GIM, in this study a GIM based on a topologically defective lattice potential (TDLP) is proposed. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the TDLP‐based GIM can accurately simulate the bifurcation spin evolution in the Ising model. Furthermore, through the MAXCUT benchmark based on G‐set graphs, the optimal performance of TDLP‐based GIM is shown to surpass that of traditional GIMs. Additionally, the proposed TDLP‐based GIM successfully solves the MAXCUT benchmark and domain clustering dynamics benchmark based on G‐set graphs when the noise intensity exceeds its saturation fixed‐point amplitude. This indicates that the proposed system provides a promising architecture for breaking the small noise constraints required by traditional GIMs.
A paREDOX in the control of cholesterol biosynthesis
Authors: Fenton Nicole M. , Qian Lydia , Paine Eloise G. , Sharpe Laura J. , Brown Andrew J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSterols and the reductant nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), essential for eukaryotic life, arose because of, and as an adaptation to, rising levels of molecular oxygen (O2). Hence, the NADPH and O2‐intensive process of sterol biosynthesis is inextricably linked to redox status. In mammals, cholesterol biosynthesis is exquisitely regulated post‐translationally by multiple E3 ubiquitin ligases, with membrane associated Really Interesting New Gene (RING) C3HC4 finger 6 (MARCHF6) degrading at least six enzymes in the pathway. Intriguingly, all these MARCHF6‐dependent enzymes require NADPH. Moreover, MARCHF6 is activated by NADPH, although what this means for control of cholesterol synthesis is unclear. Indeed, this presents a paradox for how NADPH regulates this vital pathway, since NADPH is a cofactor in cholesterol biosynthesis and yet, low levels of NADPH should spare cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes targeted by MARCHF6 by reducing its activity. We speculate MARCHF6 helps mammalian cells adapt to oxidative stress (signified by low NADPH levels) by reducing degradation of cholesterogenic enzymes, thereby maintaining synthesis of protective cholesterol.
Combination of UPLC–Q‐TOF/MS and network pharmacology to reveal the mechanism of Chaihu‐jia‐Longgu‐Muli decoction for treating vertigo with anxiety disorder
Authors: Wu Tong , Dong Hanshuo , Liu Yin , Cao Zhenghua , Sun Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChaihu‐jia‐Longgu‐Muli decoction (CLMD) has been proven clinically effective in treating vertigo with anxiety disorder. However, the mechanism is not clear. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of CLMD in treating vertigo with anxiety disorder based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC–Q‐TOF/MS) and network pharmacology. UPLC–Q‐TOF/MS was performed to identify the compounds in blood and the targets of compounds of CLMD in vertigo and anxiety were searched using databases. A protein–protein interaction network was built to screen the core targets. The core targets were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. In addition, the vertigo with anxiety rat model was used to verify the results. A total of 22 compounds were absorbed into the blood. Eighty‐one potential targets associated with CLMD for vertigo with anxiety disorder were identified through network pharmacological analysis. Subsequently, GO and KEGG analysis showed that CLMD treatment for vertigo with anxiety disorder is associated with neurotransmitter levels and other pertinent physiological processes. The results of the animal experiments showed that CLMD decreased the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, alleviating the symptoms of vertigo and anxiety disorder in model rats. The study revealed CLMD could alleviate vertigo and anxiety symptoms through reducing the levels of neurotransmitters.
The Internationalization–Environmental Performance Relationship: Does it Differ between MNEs in Advanced and Less Advanced Economies?
Authors: Zhang Jintao , Chen Stephen , Tan Hao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe environmental performance (EP) of multinational enterprises (MNEs) has attracted increasing attention amid rising concerns over environmental problems such as climate change. However, questions remain about the relationship between the internationalization of MNEs and their EP. In this paper, we show that the relationship varies depending on the home country's economic development level. For MNEs from an advanced economy, there is a U‐shaped relationship between the level of internationalization and EP of MNEs such that there is a negative relationship at low levels of internationalization but a positive relationship at high levels of internationalization. For MNEs from a less advanced economy, there is an inverted U‐shaped relationship such that there is a positive relationship at low levels of internationalization but a negative relationship at high levels of internationalization.
Identification and genetic validation of leukemia inhibitory factor super‐enhancers in acute respiratory distress syndrome and lung cancer
Authors: Chen Liuting , Wang Lu , Shao Yeling , Guo Xiaohong , Li Yanli , Guo Jinjing , Tan Fangzheng , Shen Haoliang , Hu Yunhong , Huang Lili , Lu Yang , Fan Yihui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSuper‐enhancers play prominent roles in driving robust pathological gene expression, but they are hidden in human genome at noncoding regions, making them difficult to explore. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multifunctional cytokine crucially involved in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and lung cancer progression. However, the mechanisms governing LIF regulation in disease contexts remain largely unexplored. In this study, we observed elevated levels of LIF in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with sepsis‐related ARDS compared to those with nonsepsis‐related ARDS. Furthermore, both basal and LPS‐induced LIF expression were under the control of super‐enhancers. Through analysis of H3K27Ac ChIP‐seq data, we pinpointed three potential super‐enhancers (LIF‐SE1, LIF‐SE2, and LIF‐SE3) located proximal to the LIF gene in cells. Notably, genetic deletion of any of these three super‐enhancers using CRISPR‐Cas9 technology led to a significant reduction in LIF expression. Moreover, in cells lacking these super‐enhancers, both cell growth and invasion capabilities were substantially impaired. Our findings highlight the critical role of three specific super‐enhancers in regulating LIF expression and offer new insights into the transcriptional regulation of LIF in ARDS and lung cancer.
Integration of TiO2/ZnIn2S4 p‐n Heterojunction with Titanium Defects to Boost PEC Oxygen Production
Authors: Wang Haipeng , Song Guang‐Ling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTiO2 is a widely used photoelectric conversion semiconductor material. However, due to its native defects, such as the selective absorption of ultraviolet light and high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers, it exhibits poor photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance. In this study, intrinsic defect titanium vacancy and semiconductor recombination agents ZnIn2S4 were introduced into an anodization‐annealed TiO2 film (TiO2 NT) to enhance the photoanode activity. The activity‐enhanced TiO2 photoanode (ZIS@TiO2 NT‐EA) was characterized by surface analyses and photoelectrochemical measurements. Mott‐Schottky measurement indicated that the introduction of titanium vacancies into the TiO2 NT changed its semiconductor type from n to p, and significantly reduced its apparent activation energy if compared with the TiO2 NT. In addition, after the ZnIn2S4 nanoparticles were loaded on the TiO2 NT‐EA film, the carrier concentration of the ZIS@TiO2 NT‐EA was nearly 12 times higher than the pristine TiO2 NT. Due to the higher carrier separation efficiency resulting from the formation of p‐n heterojunction between TiO2 and ZnIn2S4, the photocurrent density of the ZIS@TiO2 NT‐EA reached 3.89 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V (vs. RHE), nearly 3 times higher than that of the original TiO2 NT. Amazingly, the maximum applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency (ABPE) value of the ZIS@TiO2 NT‐EA photoanode reached 2.15 % at 0.496 V (vs. RHE), which is very competitive if compared with all the reported TiO2 film electrodes in the PEC water splitting application. The incident photon‐to current efficiency (IPCE) of the ZIS@TiO2 NT‐EA photoanode was approximately 40.9% at 300 nm, which was about 3 times higher than that of the TiO2 NT (13.6%). To understand these impressive improvements in water splitting, further analyses were conducted on the effect of the increased titanium vacancy concentration in the TiO2 lattice and the formation of p‐n junction between the TiO2 and ZnIn2S4 on the PEC behaviour, as well as on the charge transfer resistance and separation efficiency of carriers.
Photochemical Michael Addition of Indoles to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones utilizing Arylazo Sulfones as the Photoacid Generators
Authors: Galathri Eirini M. , Di Terlizzi Lorenzo , Fagnoni Maurizio , Protti Stefano , Kokotos Christoforos G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Michael‐type addition of indoles represents one of the most important C−C bonds forming reactions at their C‐3 position. Herein, we present a mild, versatile and sustainable protocol for the efficient preparation of β‐indolylketones via a Michael addition between indoles and chalcones or α,β‐unsaturated ketones in the presence of substituted arylazo sulfones as photoacid generators (PAGs).
Red‐Shifting ESIPT Fluorescence by Site‐Specific Functionalization in 2‐(2’‐hydroxyphenyl)benzazole Derivatives
Authors: Stoerkler Timothée , Nicolas Aymeric , El Aghar Jana , Ulrich Gilles , Laurent Adèle D. , Jacquemin Denis , Massue Julien 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe describe the synthesis, full photophysical study, and ab initio calculations of 2‐(2’‐hydroxyphenyl)benzazole (HBX) fluorophores substituted, at the meta position of the phenol group, by pyridine derivatives. HBX are commonly used as model dyes to study the stimuli‐induced modulation of the Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) process. The meta‐substituted fluorophores reported herein, display a photophysical profile different from the previously reported ortho‐ and para‐substituted HBO pyridine isomers. Indeed, while all dyes undergo spontaneous deprotonation in neutral conditions, leading to highly emissive anionic species; upon protonation, ortho‐ and para‐pyridine substitution leads to resonance‐stabilized keto isomers, formed after ESIPT. Protonated meta derivatives, unable to stabilize their excited structure by such electronic delocalization process, display sizable intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) processes, translating into significantly redshifted emission. In addition, all dyes present a strong emission intensity, not only in neutral and acidic solutions, but also in the solid‐state. The nature of the emissive transitions was confirmed in each case by theoretical calculations combining Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD‐DFT) and second‐order Coupled Cluster (CC2) methods.
Development and evaluation of neuroscience lesson content to improve Key Stage 3 (11–14 year old) students' understanding of the early years in England
Authors: Dalton Louise J. , Aukland Louise , Lloyd‐Newman Ella , Buechner Hadassah , McCall Amy , Rapa Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Oxford SEEN (Secondary Education around Early Neurodevelopment) project developed Key Stage 3 (11–14 year olds) science lesson content about the importance of the early years for lifelong health and evaluated its impact on students' knowledge of the neuroscience and practical application to a real‐world scenario. A mixed methods approach was used collecting quantitative and qualitative data from students and staff using pre‐ and post‐lesson surveys and focus groups. Data were analysed from 2767 students from 20 schools in England. The new curriculum successfully increased both student's scientific understanding and practical application of knowledge about neurodevelopment and the role of the caregiver. students’ mean multiple choice question scores (assessing knowledge) were higher post‐lesson compared to pre‐lesson; this increase was consistent across gender and year group. The post‐lesson and 6–8‐week follow‐up scores were similar, indicating a retention in students' knowledge. Students were also asked how they would care for a 2‐year‐old child to promote brain development; before the lessons 89% of students provided no or a basic level answer, but after the lessons 50% of students provided detailed or advanced comments. The lessons were feasible and acceptable; both teachers and students stated the curriculum should be taught to other students. Qualitative analyses indicated that the lessons inspired the curiosity of both teachers and students and were perceived to impact on students' interaction with children in their current lives and their future career choices. The Oxford SEEN curriculum could serve as a foundation to build community‐wide knowledge about the importance of the early years, with the aim of enhancing mental and physical health outcomes for future generations.
Optimizing federated learning approaches with hybrid Convolutional Neural Networks ‐ Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers for precise estimation of average localization errors in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Lakshminarayanan Raja , Dhanasekaran Selvaraj , Vinod Kumar Rangarajan , Selvaraj Aswath 
Published: May 2024

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) require precise node location in order to function properly, and they are essential in many different applications. In this research, we propose a unique method to maximize the accurate estimate of average localization errors (ALEs) in WSNs by utilizing federated learning (FL) approaches. The suggested approach combines the extraction of spatial features with collection of contextual data through integration of hybrid convolutional neural network–bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (CNN‐BERT) model. Effectively applying min–max normalization to input features minimizes data from flowing into test, validation, and training sets. The technique is centered around a collaborative learning architecture, wherein the weights of the model are iteratively assessed and modified on centralized server. The suggested methodology's effectiveness in an array of settings is illustrated by mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE) values for node localization in WSN. Network B demonstrated accuracy with an MAE of 0.05, MSE of 0.03, and RMSE of 0.10; Network C demonstrated strong accuracy with an MAE of 0.09, MSE of 0.08, and RMSE of 0.12; and Network A generated an MAE of 0.04, MSE of 0.06, and RMSE of 0.08. Furthermore, the centralized server, which is crucial for collaborative learning, obtained exceptional MAE of 0.01, MSE of 0.02, and RMSE of 0.99 demonstrating the superiority of the FL‐optimized method in improving localization accuracy. The outcomes demonstrate the FL‐optimized hybrid model's superiority over conventional methods in providing accurate node localization in a variety of WSN settings.