bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A naturalistic observation study to determine the behaviours of customers purchasing à la carte menu service in a hotel chain after Covid-19 pandemic outbreak
Authors: Keski̇n Gülşah , Acar Vedat 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThis current research aims to reveal customers’ behaviours who purchased à la carte menu service in a chain hotel operating in Istanbul, Türkiye after the Covid-19 outbreak. In addition to this main objective, customers’ main course preferences, tipping, complaining, maintaining eating and drinking habits, local food preferences, photograph taking and food waste behaviours were determined as the sub-research objectives.Design/methodology/approachQualitative research method was adopted, and naturalistic observation was chosen as the data collection tool in this study. Firstly, an observation form was created based on the literature. To ensure the content validity, seven experts (five researchers and two experienced hotel employees) were consulted on 15 July 2021. After revising the form, a pilot study was carried out between 4 August and 29 September 2021. By conducting the pilot study, it was aimed to prevent any unpredictable behaviours of customers. As a result, four new items were added to, and two items were removed from the form. Then, 341 customers who purchased à la carte menu service in the restaurant of the hotel chain were observed between 7 October 2021 and 28 January 2022.FindingsIt was revealed that 52% of the customers who purchased à la carte menu services did not make any reservations, while approximately 59% of the customers with reservations did not stay at the hotel in which the research was conducted. In addition, 69% of them started to eat meal together; 56% of them paid in “cash”; 48% of them preferred local food and beverages; 41% left food on the plate; and 43% of them gave tip. In contrast, very few customers (6%) engaged in complaint behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, data were collected during the post-pandemic period when international travels were mostly restricted and thus, the researcher observed mostly Turkish customers at the restaurant. Second, only those customers sitting at the six tables close to the guest welcoming were observed. Third, just one observer took part in the data collection process. Fourth, the researchers chose one out of two restaurants of the hotel because only Asian cuisine was served and children under 12 years of age were not allowed to enter the other restaurant. Fifth, focusing on only a hotel and using naturalistic observation as a data collection tool may be shown among the limitations of this study.Originality/valueThis paper presents the customers’ behaviours who preferred à la carte menu service in a chain hotel operating in İstanbul, Türkiye after the Covid-19 outbreak. Although there are some studies focusing on changing of customer preferences during the post-pandemic period, “observation” was not preferred as a data collection tool by most of the researchers; hence, the findings of this study are useful for both researchers and educationists in tourism industry.
Effect of rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties of dual phase Mg–8Li–graphene composite
Authors: V. Kavimani , S. Kumaran , Ponnusamy Vignesh , Kumar Navneet 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This study aims to analyze the effect of interrupted rolling on microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg–8Li–xGr composite is investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
Graphene reinforced composite was developed by using stir casting route and rolled with different reduction in thickness such as 50, 75 and 90%. Microstructure, hardness and tensile characteristics of the rolled samples were evaluated.

Findings
Investigation on microstructures of rolled composite depicts that increase in rolling reduction % resulted in fine elongated grains and decreased aspect ratio. Further, it was also observed that increasing percentage of rolling reduction promotes the dissolution of ß Li phase and as a result the ductility of composite decreases. Interrupted rolled samples showcase higher hardness when compared with as-cast composite. Composite rolled with 90% reduction displays higher yield strength of 219 MPa. Hardening capacity of composites decreases with increase in reduction percentage due to the effective reduction in grain size.

Originality/value
Investigation on the influence of interrupted rolling on microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg graphene composite. The in-depth understanding of this will help to improve its wide spread application.
No votes for old men: Leaders' age and youth turnout in comparative perspective
Authors: CASTANHO SILVA BRUNO 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAcross countries, young people vote less than older citizens. While a few explanations have been suggested, this paper proposes that one core reason lies in youth under‐representation in partisan politics, in particular as issues such as climate change increase the salience of inter‐generational conflict. I argue that young people are less likely to vote in elections if they do not feel their age represented by candidates. I test this with data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems spanning 223 national elections in 58 countries between 1996 and 2021, combined with data on 980 party leaders and/or presidential candidates in those elections. I find that respondents younger than 30 are up to 4 per cent less likely to vote if the leading candidate of their favourite party is 70 in relation to a leader around 40. However, this effect only appears in more recent years and was nonexistent in the 1990s and early 2000s. Older voters' turnout is unaffected by leaders' and candidates' ages. Two potential mechanisms are the effects of descriptive representation of young voters on their external efficacy and democratic satisfaction. These findings corroborate the possible emergence of age as potential cleavage in contemporary politics and point to an important element of low youth participation as well as to the mobilization potential by parties selecting younger candidates.
Comparing the effectiveness of delivery style in produce safety training for growers
Authors: Enderton Arlene , Johnsen Ellen , Shaw Angela , Deering Amanda , Omolo Morrine 
Published: May 2024

The Produce Safety Alliance grower training has been offered since 2016. Prior to the pandemic, the course was offered exclusively in‐person. During the pandemic, trainers were allowed to offer the course remotely. The effectiveness of in‐person and remote delivery options was compared utilizing four methods: course evaluations completed at the training; a pre‐ and post‐training knowledge assessment; a 1‐year follow‐up survey; and focus groups with course trainers. All methods, except the focus groups, were used as evaluation tools starting before and continuing during the pandemic. On the course evaluations, remote delivery and in‐person participants rated their satisfaction with the training and their confidence in their ability to make changes at the same high rate. The knowledge assessment found remote delivery participants scored higher on the posttest than in‐person participants when controlling for pretest score (p < 0.001); the effect size was between low and medium (ηp2 = 0.025). On the follow‐up survey, remote delivery participants reported making changes to food safety practices or infrastructure at a higher rate than in‐person participants (68% vs. 53%, respectively, Χ2 (1, N = 700) = 6.372, p = 0.012, Cramer's V = 0.012 (very low)). There were demographic differences in educational level, job description, and number of years farming between the two populations. The focus group revealed advantages and disadvantages of both delivery methods, including internet availability, engagement activity, and course logistics and planning. Because no practical differences in outcome were measured between delivery methods and each had unique strengths, researchers recommend that educators should utilize both methods in the future.Practical Application1. When deciding between offering in‐person or synchronous virtual training, trainers can feel confident that both delivery methods result in positive experiences from participants, learning, and behavior change. 2. PSA trainers may choose to offer the training remotely to increase accessibility for people who live in areas where there may not be enough growers to warrant holding an in‐person training nearby, but should also consider that reliable high‐speed internet access may not be available to all. 3. Remote delivery trainings can be smoother by hosting remote delivery participants at local extension or other partner offices where high‐speed internet is available.
Sweden: Political Developments and Data in 2023
Authors: WIDFELDT ANDERS 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAfter several years of turbulence and instability, the political year of 2023 was comparatively quiet. The three‐party right‐of‐centre government, relying on support from the Sweden Democrats through the Tidö Agreement, stayed in office and its ministerial composition remained completely unchanged. Sweden chaired the presidency of the EU council for the first half of the year, without controversy or notable events. The process for membership of NATO proved more difficult than expected and was not completed at the end of the year due to resistance from Turkey and Hungary. The economy slowed down but showed signs of recovery towards the end of the year.
Clinical performance of predicting late age‐related macular degeneration development using multimodal imaging
Authors: Goh Kai Lyn , Abbott Carla J. , Campbell Thomas G. , Cohn Amy C. , Ong Dai Ni , Wickremasinghe Sanjeewa S. , Hodgson Lauren A. B. , Guymer Robyn H. , Wu Zhichao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo examine whether the clinical performance of predicting late age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) development is improved through using multimodal imaging (MMI) compared to using colour fundus photography (CFP) alone, and how this compares with a basic prediction model using well‐established AMD risk factors.MethodsIndividuals with AMD in this study underwent MMI, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence, near‐infrared reflectance and CFP at baseline, and then at 6‐monthly intervals for 3‐years to determine MMI‐defined late AMD development. Four retinal specialists independently assessed the likelihood that each eye at baseline would progress to MMI‐defined late AMD over 3‐years with CFP, and then with MMI. Predictive performance with CFP and MMI were compared to each other, and to a basic prediction model using age, presence of pigmentary abnormalities, and OCT‐based drusen volume.ResultsThe predictive performance of the clinicians using CFP [AUC = 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.68–0.82] improved when using MMI (AUC = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.72–0.85; p = 0.034). However, a basic prediction model outperformed clinicians using either CFP or MMI (AUC = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.78–91; p ≤ 0.002).ConclusionsClinical performance for predicting late AMD development was improved by using MMI compared to CFP. However, a basic prediction model using well‐established AMD risk factors outperformed retinal specialists, suggesting that such a model could further improve personalised counselling and monitoring of individuals with the early stages of AMD in clinical practice.
Robotic approach to colonic resection: For some or for all patients?
Authors: Subramaniam Sentilnathan , Piozzi Guglielmo Niccolò , Kim Seon‐Hahn , Khan Jim S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe robotic approach is rapidly gaining momentum in colorectal surgery. Its benefits in pelvic surgery have been extensively discussed and are well established amongst those who perform minimally invasive surgery. However, the same cannot be said for the robotic approach for colonic resection, where its role is still debated. Here we aim to provide an extensive debate between selective and absolute use of the robotic approach for colonic resection by combining the thoughts of experts in the field of robotic and minimally invasive colorectal surgery, dissecting all key aspects for a critical view on this exciting new paradigm in colorectal surgery.
Redox kinetics of methylene green: Titanium trichloride as a novel photo redox agent
Authors: Nadeem Syed Muhammad Saqib , Saeed Rehana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe kinetics of the redox reaction of methylene green (MG) and the novel photo‐redox agent titanium trichloride (TiCl3) in water were investigated by real‐time spectrophotometric analysis of the change in absorbance of the reaction mixture at 655 nm. The novelty of this redox reaction is that the TiCl3 is an inorganic compound in contrast to the previously studied organic redox couples. The redox reaction was analysed in depth and the effects of the concentration of the TiCl3, MG, pH, dielectric constant, ionic strength, metal ions, and temperature on the reaction kinetics were observed. The rate of reaction had a direct relationship with the pH, dielectric constant, and ionic strength of the reaction medium, while an increase in temperature decreased the rate of reaction. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated by the Arrhenius relation, and the other thermodynamic parameters, such as enthalpy change of activation (∆H*), free energy change of activation (∆G*), and entropy change of activation (∆S*) were also evaluated to support the findings of the kinetic measurements. The presence of any reaction intermediate other than the species in the reaction mechanism was ruled out by the spectroscopic analysis of the reaction mixture and Michaelis–Menten plot while the absence of any free radicals was confirmed by the negative polyacrylamide test. A reaction mechanism for the redox reaction of MG+ and TiCl3 was proposed based on the different excited states of the MG+ involved in the reaction and the results of the product analysis. The decolourisation of MG by the TiCl3 is overall a second‐order reaction and is significantly affected by the pH of the reaction medium. The overall rate law for the redox reaction of MG and TiCl3 is as follows.
Plasma fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids and surrogate fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids hydrolysis activity in children with or without obesity and in adults with or without coronary artery disease
Authors: Ong Sze Min , Ng Daniel Zhi Wei , Chee Thaddeus En Zhe , Sng Andrew Anjian , Heng Chew Kiat , Lee Yung Seng , Chan Eric Chun Yong , Ooi Delicia Shu Qin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimFatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) are a class of bioactive lipids with anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic and cardioprotective properties. FAHFA hydrolysis into its fatty acid (FA) and hydroxy fatty acid (HFA) constituents can affect the bioavailability of FAHFA and its subsequent biological effects. We aimed to investigate FAHFA levels and FAHFA hydrolysis activity in children with or without obesity, and in adults with or without coronary artery disease (CAD).Materials and MethodsOur study cohort included 20 children without obesity, 40 children with obesity, 10 adults without CAD and 28 adults with CAD. We quantitated plasma levels of four families of FAHFA [palmitic acid hydroxy stearic acid (PAHSA), palmitoleic acid hydroxy stearic acid (POHSA), oleic acid hydroxy stearic acid (OAHSA), stearic acid hydroxy stearic acid] and their corresponding FA and HFA constituents using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Surrogate FAHFA hydrolysis activity was estimated as the FA/FAHFA or HFA/FAHFA ratio.ResultsChildren with obesity had lower plasma PAHSA (p = .001), OAHSA (p = .006) and total FAHFA (p = .011) levels, and higher surrogate FAHFA hydrolysis activity represented by PA/PAHSA (p = .040) and HSA/OAHSA (p = .025) compared with children without obesity. Adults with CAD and a history of myocardial infarction (MI) had lower POHSA levels (p = .026) and higher PA/PAHSA (p = .041), POA/POHSA (p = .003) and HSA/POHSA (p = .038) compared with those without MI.ConclusionAltered FAHFA metabolism is associated with obesity and MI, and inhibition of FAHFA hydrolysis should be studied further as a possible therapeutic strategy in obesity and MI.
An assessment of Brazilian dentists' knowledge about tooth fragment reattachment: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Pinheiro Emerson de Sousa , Almeida Júlio César Franco , Garcia Fernanda Cristina Pimentel , Silva Uriel Paulo Coelho , da Cunha Leonardo Fernandes , Massignan Carla , de Moura Regina Cardoso , de Rezende Liliana Vicente Melo de Lucas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground/AimCrown fractures are common traumatic dental injuries and tooth fragment reattachment is a viable option for restoring a fractured tooth. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and experience of dentists in the Federal District regarding the tooth fragment reattachment technique for enamel and dentin fractures.Materials and MethodsFor the cross‐sectional observational study, an electronic form was designed with objective and self‐report questions for dentists. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with their absolute and relative frequencies. For the analysis of categorical variables, the nonparametric chi‐squared or Fisher exact association tests were used in the statistical software R (version 4.2.1).ResultsA total of 416 dentists participated in the study (58.9% female and 41.1% male). Of these, 70% declared they knew about fragment reattachment, but only 42.3% reported previous experience with this procedure. The most common storage medium used for the fractured fragment was milk (78.1%), and the bonding material used for reattachment was light‐cured composite resin (86.3%). A majority (66.3%) reported that for a patient with enamel and dentin fracture, with the crown fragment in good condition, they would choose to do the reattachment.ConclusionDentists demonstrated that they had adequate knowledge about the tooth fragment technique, although many did not have previous experience with this procedure.
Fatal acute clinical babesiosis in an adult gelding pony living in an endemic area
Authors: Hermans Lisa‐Marie , Tortereau Antonin , Riccio Barbara , Desjardins Isabelle 
Published: May 2024

SummaryEquine piroplasmosis is a haemoprotozoal disease caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. Clinical presentations vary in severity according to infectious load, host immunity and endemicity. In endemic regions, equine piroplasmosis is rarely acute or peracute in presentation. Here we report a case of a 10‐year‐old pony gelding presented for fever and acute inspiratory dyspnoea. Clinical signs of hypovolemic shock were observed. Blood smear examination revealed a mild anaemia and thrombocytopenia with the presence of intraerythrocytic inclusions resembling Babesia caballi merozoites. Acute lung injury, ischaemic myocarditis, acute renal failure, pancreatitis and myopathy were detected. We made a presumptive diagnosis of acute babesiosis, with secondary systemic inflammatory reaction and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. Supportive therapy was initiated, but imidocarb was not administered due to potentially fatal adverse reactions in a horse in shock. Anaemia worsened, with the development of acute pulmonary oedema, respiratory distress and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The gelding was euthanised and post‐mortem examination confirmed the formation of microthrombi within small vessels, leading to venous stasis and vasculitis.
Couple relationship functioning and social adjustment during the transition to parenthood among fathers with a history of maltreatment
Authors: Murray‐Perdue Samantha A. , Conway Andrew , Feinberg Mark E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudy of fathers has gained significant traction over recent decades. However, the experience for men over the transition to parenthood remains focused on high‐socioeconomic and socially advantaged fathers. Researchers have yet to thoroughly investigate how fathers may uniquely experience this transition period with a history of childhood maltreatment, given that childhood abuse is known to impact several components of development and relationship functioning into adulthood. The current study endeavored to fill this gap by evaluating the associations between fathers' childhood experiences of physical and emotional abuse and their relationship functioning over the transition to parenthood in terms of both the couple relationship and social adjustment in relationships with others. Using data from 399 fathers who participated in a randomized control trial during pregnancy, the results from stepwise regressions indicate fathers with a history of emotional abuse experience particular declines in their external relationships (reductions in social support and increases in social stress) from prenatal (Wave 1) to postpartum (Wave 2) reports. However, no significant association emerged between fathers' history of maltreatment and their relationship functioning with their partners. These results underscore the importance of investigating the impact of different types of abuse on men in fatherhood. Moreover, we emphasize the need to study further fathers' social adjustment over the transition to parenthood beyond the couple relationship and broad social support to address the needs of men with a history of maltreatment in their new role as fathers.
Investigation of the influences of instructors and different media on learning attention with a wearable eye‐tracking system in the physical classrooms
Authors: Pham Thao , Hwang Wu‐Yuin , Pham Xuan‐Lam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundExamining student attention in physical classrooms is crucial, but it faces challenges due to the lack of accurate monitoring. Constraints posed by device limitations and the design of educational materials impede the integration of eye‐tracking technology in these settings.ObjectivesThis study aims to (1) develop a wearable eye‐tracking system specifically designed to monitor students' eye movements and gaze points on the projector screen within a physical classroom setting; (2) explore the impact of instructor gestures (by compare live instruction by an instructor and video‐recorded instruction) on student attention and examine the effectiveness of directing students' attention from text to image through instructor intervention.MethodsAn innovative wearable eye‐tracking system was developed to monitor learners' eye movements within the physical classroom. Twenty‐five students participated in the experiment, which included two approaches: classroom lectured by the instructor and by a video presentation.Results and ConclusionsThe results indicate that participants exhibit a stronger inclination to allocate additional time to text content than image content when receiving instruction through video presentations with a laser pointer in the physical classroom. This tendency can be attributed to the participants' requirement for longer reading and comprehension time in the absence of an instructor. Additionally, the instructor's gestures and body movements significantly impacted participants' fixation on text slides compared to the image slides. The heatmap analyses support these findings and further indicate that participants focus on the instructor's face rather than other body parts.TakeawaysThe wearable eye‐tracking technology developed in this study holds promise for future educational research, offering further exploration and analysis opportunities.