bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Maternal Mortality From Obstetric Hemorrhage in France: 15 Years of Confidential Enquiry Into Maternal Deaths
Authors: Bonnet Marie-Pierre , de Vries Pauline L.M. , Levet Solène , Saucedo Monica , Morau Estelle , Dreyfus Michel , Goffinet François , Deneux-Tharaux Catherine ,   on behalf of the ENCMM Study Group
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
The aim of this study was to assess temporal trends in incidence and underlying causes of maternal deaths from obstetric hemorrhage in France and to describe clinical care before and after implementation of the first national guidelines published in 2004 and updated in 2014.

METHODS:
Data from all hemorrhage-related maternal deaths between 2001 and 2015 were extracted from the French Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths. We compared the maternal mortality ratio (MMR), cause of obstetric hemorrhage, and death preventability by triennium. Critical care, transfusion, and obstetric management among women who died were described for 2001 to 2003 and 2013 to 2015.

RESULTS:
The MMR from obstetric hemorrhage significantly decreased over time from 2.3 of 100,000 livebirths (54 of 2,391,551) in 2001 to 2003 to 0.8 of 100,000 livebirths (19 of 2,412,720) in 2013 to 2015. In 2001 to 2003, uterine atony accounted for 50% (27 of 54) of maternal deaths vs 21% (4 of 19) in 2013 to 2015. As compared to 2001 to 2003, an increased proportion of women had hemodynamic continuous monitoring in 2013 to 2015 (30%, 9 of 30, vs 47%, 8 of 18) and received vasopressor infusion therapy (57%, 17 of 30, vs 72%, 13 of 18), and a smaller proportion was extubated during active hemorrhage (17%, 5 of 30, vs 0 of 18). Transfusion therapy was initiated more frequently and earlier in 2013 to 2015 (71 vs 58 minutes). In 2013 to 2015, 88% of maternal deaths due to hemorrhage remained preventable. The main identified improvable care factors were related to delays in diagnosis and surgical management, particularly after cesarean delivery.

CONCLUSIONS:
Maternal mortality by obstetric hemorrhage decreased dramatically in France between 2001 and 2015, particularly mortality due to uterine atony. Among women who died, we detected fewer instances of substandard transfusion management or critical care. Nevertheless, opportunities for improvement were observed in most of the recent cases.
Editors’ Introduction
Authors: Schreiber Rachel , Walkowitz Judith R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract“Troubling Terms and the Sex Trades” assembles writings from scholars, sex workers, and activists, each of whom interrogates a troubled term and its place in the history of prostitution. This introduction discusses the “keyword” tradition of historical genealogies advanced by Raymond Williams and its utility for assessing critical categories that inform historical studies and current political debates on prostitution. The essay reviews the historiography of prostitution as it has focused on troubling terms, mostly centered specifically on the categories of sex work and trafficking. The essay goes on to introduce the components of this special issue: the first section, Reflections, presents short first-person accounts by sex worker activists, advocates, and scholars regarding a critical keyword they have worked with or resisted. The second section, Features, presents longer essays that interrogate the terms sex work, demand, white slavery, red-light district, restricted area, and decriminalization. Finally, Curated Spaces explores the history of the red umbrella as a visual term that has developed as a global symbol for sex worker rights.
Naming the Zones of Sexual Commerce
Authors: Hemphill Katie M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article examines the historical origins of the term red-light district. It argues that red lights became associated with prostitution in the United States not only because of red’s popularity in the decor of nighttime businesses but also because of color symbolism popularized by the transportation revolution. As red signal lights on railroads came to indicate “stop—danger,” people accustomed to viewing prostitution as a moral and physical threat read that symbolism onto nighttime businesses’ existing practices of display. Meanwhile, places of prostitution that were located near railroad tracks in the American West embraced the red light as a form of advertising. The red light’s simultaneous status as a lure and warning captured ambivalent responses to prostitution. As a result, it became a potent symbol of late nineteenth-century efforts to keep the sex trade at arm’s length while also treating it as ineradicable. When city officials tried to control the harms of prostitution by segregating it, the products of their efforts came to be known as “red-light districts.” Although the term has in some ways transcended its roots, scholars should be conscientious about their use of it given its implicit moralization of both the sex trade and urban space.
I Am Become Data: Lytle Shaw's Narrowcast and the Era of Machine Listening
Authors: Mustazza Chris 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Engaging with Lytle Shaw's Narrowcast: Poetry Audio Research as a point of departure and persistent interlocutor, this essay argues that new digital methods of studying recordings of poets as speech share common ground with the speech science used in insidious practices of state-sponsored surveillance. It extends Shaw's argument, which focuses on poetry audio in the 1960s, into the current moment to highlight how the work of digital humanists working with sound is liable to misappropriation. Machine listening, a practice used to parse thousands of hours of audio in condensed periods of time, is increasingly being used to study poetry recordings, and it fundamentally reorders traditional modes of reading/listening. Such practices also move the line between signal and noise, changing the threshold between audiotext and paratext. Poetry scholars interested in sound need to attune their ears to ways of listening that leverage machinic prostheses and to be aware of the dangers that come with such newfound abilities.
Auerbach's Hunger: Mimesis as an Anthropology of Violence
Authors: Figlerowicz Marta 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article argues that Erich Auerbach's Mimesis depicts figural thinking as inextricable from ritual violence perpetuated against vulnerable, minority populations. To an extent that has been underappreciated, Mimesis also reflects on Auerbach's own complicity with anti-Semitic Western ethnocentrism. The article uncovers an unexpected intertext for the book's second chapter, “Fortunata,” which narrates the birth of figural thinking. It reads this chapter in conjunction with earlier versions of the ending of Mimesis preserved in Auerbach's Istanbul lectures. The unexpected intertext of “Fortunata” is a then-recent bestseller about Nero's persecution of the Christian, Quo Vadis? (1896), by the Nobel Prize winner Henryk Sienkiewicz, in which Peter and Petronius feature as major characters and as each other's doubles. Reading Mimesis through this lens helps one see that it constructs, around such spectacles of violence, a Viconian account of Western culture's foundational, recurrent brutality.
Passports, Prisons, and Every Space Between
Authors: Falek Joshua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In 2016 long-standing activism culminated in the implementation of Bill C-16, which added “gender and gender expression” to the protected classes of the Canadian Human Rights Act. Despite a commitment to consistency across federal policy, wide discrepancies occurred between the changes to the passport and those to the prison. On the one hand, Citizenship Canada announced that “people who do not identify as female (‘F’) or male (‘M’)” could change their passport sex to be an X. On the other hand, the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) begrudgingly introduced Interim Policy Bulletin 584, which provides accommodation based “on gender identity or expression” within the binary system. Through a comparative analysis, this article queries the enactment of nonbinary recognition between two foundational sites of Canadian federal control: a site of mobility (the passport) and a site of immobility through mass incarceration (the prison). Arguing against expanding prisons or the creation of nonbinary correctional institutions, this article traces the racial geographies that X is both embedded within and enacts, exposing the violence that ushers forth new forms of trans citizenship reliant on anti-Blackness, captivity, and fungibility. Building from these case studies, this article mobilizes the state deployment of gendered expression and determination to nuance theories of gender self-determination. Specifically, this article considers how the theoretical application of the term may dissimulate distinctions in (in)violability, vulnerability, and capacity between and within Blackness and transness.
The effects of lumbar stabilization exercises with and without jaw movements in non-specific low back pain (A randomized controlled trial)
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Hamayun zafar  , Syed Amir Gilani  , Waqas Ahmed Farooqui  , Ashfaq Ahmad  
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the added effect of jaw clenching on the efficacy of lumbar stabilization exercises to manage chronic non-specific low back pain.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Sindh Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (SIPM&R) Karachi from April 2021 to April 2023. Eighty patients with chronic non-specific low back pain participated in this study. Forty patients each were randomly allocated to the lumbar stability exercise (LSE) group’ and the lumbar stability exercise with teeth clenching (LSETC) group. Patients in both groups performed respective exercises twice weekly for 12 weeks. The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and Pressure Biofeedback Unit (PBU) were used to assess pain, disability, and muscle endurance respectively. Data were collected at the baseline, after six weeks and 12 weeks of intervention. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in pain, disability, and muscle endurance. Upon further stratification, participants aged 20-30 years in the LSETC group showed significantly higher scores than the LSE group for NPRS, RMDQ, and PBU after 12 weeks. Overall, the LSETC group showed relatively higher improvement in mean scores for NPRS, RMDQ, and PBU than the LSE group.
Conclusion: Lumbar stabilization exercises with and without jaw movement are effective for the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain. The addition of teeth clenching enhanced the effectiveness of lumbar stability exercises, especially in young adults.
Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04801212), Prospectively registered on March 16, 2021.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.9208
How to cite this: Khan M, Zafar H, Gilani SA, Farooqui WA, Ahmad A. The effects of lumbar stabilization exercises with and without jaw movements in non-specific low back pain (A randomized controlled trial). Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(6):1116-1121. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.9208
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The interpenetration of Politics and Culture in Education on the Holocaust.
Authors: Krawiec Adriana 
Published: May 2024

A monument - metal chairs from Plac Bohaterów Getta in Kraków, Poland, symbolize the absence of millions of Jews in Poland due to the Holocaust. But in Poland, there is a more horrifying symbol of the Holocaust, and that is Auschwitz. Knowledge of the uniqueness of Nazi genocide against the Jews in Auschwitz has been obvious since 1945, but the People’s Republic of Poland’s historical policy has blurred it and presented it in the context of the extermination of millions of people from different countries.[1] The fact that Auschwitz is the symbol of the Holocaust is attributable to the USA, and the President's [Carter] Commission, which gave rise to the US Holocaust Memorial Museum.[2] The article aims to compare Polish

[1]J. Huener, Auschwitz, Poland, and the politics of commemoration, 1945-1979 (Ohio 2003), pp. 123-127.
[2] Report to the President. President’s Commission on the Holocaust, September 1979., The USHMM Institutional Archives, accession no. 2001.165.
What do we know about body dysmorphic disorder - Review of current knowledge
Authors: Brożyna Aleksandra , Bydliński Arkadiusz , Kwiatkowska Anita , Emerla Sara , Małek Natalia , Karłowicz Konrad , Ciulkiewicz Łukasz , Pluta Patryk , Lubomirska Julia , Figurowska Patrycja , Hermanowska Maria 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Body dysmorphic disorder, also known as dysmorphophobia, is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by DSM-V as preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance, that are not observable or appear slight to others. BDD can cause significant distress or impairment in social and occupational areas of life. It is often comorbid with other psychiatric conditions like major depressive disorder. Current ways of treatment include a combination of pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Aim of the study
To summarize current knowledge of body dysmorphic disorder, its pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, outline possible areas for further research, and raise the awareness of the disorder.
Material and methods
The review was based on the PubMed database and was carried out using keywords to determine the latest publications.
Summary
Body dysmorphic disorder is a relatively common and severe condition that greatly diminishes patients' quality of life. While helpful diagnostic tools exist, BDD diagnosis remains relatively uncommon, posing challenges for patients to receive adequate treatment and continuing their suffering. Despite identifying several factors contributing to the disorder, much remains unknown. Many patients do not respond to standard treatment options, highlighting the need for further studies into the disorder's neurobiology, causes, and alternate treatment approaches to achieve a deeper comprehension of BDD as the number of new cases increases every year.
Markov Decision Processes with Observation Costs: Framework and Computation with a Penalty Scheme
Authors: Reisinger Christoph , Tam Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

We consider Markov decision processes where the state of the chain is only given at chosen observation times and of a cost. Optimal strategies involve the optimization of observation times as well as the subsequent action values. We consider the finite horizon and discounted infinite horizon problems as well as an extension with parameter uncertainty. By including the time elapsed from observations as part of the augmented Markov system, the value function satisfies a system of quasivariational inequalities (QVIs). Such a class of QVIs can be seen as an extension to the interconnected obstacle problem. We prove a comparison principle for this class of QVIs, which implies the uniqueness of solutions to our proposed problem. Penalty methods are then utilized to obtain arbitrarily accurate solutions. Finally, we perform numerical experiments on three applications that illustrate our framework. Funding: J. Tam is supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [Grant 2269738].
Implementing a closed system drug transfer device to enable nurses to prepare monoclonal antibody treatment
Authors: Boodhoo Asswade 
Published: May 2024

Background: Efforts to increase capacity for oncology treatment in the author's Chemotherapy Day Unit, while allowing staff to treat more patients and offer more flexibility to patients, increased strain on the Aseptic Pharmacy at the author's Trust. Therefore, the possibility of nurse-led drug preparation was explored. Aims: Nurse-led monoclonal antibody (MAb) preparation was piloted to investigate whether a reduction in reliance on Aseptic Pharmacy could co-exist with maintaining optimal treatment capacity. The effectiveness of a closed system transfer device (CSTD) to protect nurses against drug exposure was also explored. Methods: A risk assessment for MAbs considered for nurse-led preparation was created, alongside a procedure for the safe handling of systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) with the use of a CSTD. Findings: The pilot resulted in an 89% reduction in the time patients had to wait for MAbs to be prepared. Seven oncology drugs were included in the new procedure without increasing the risk of exposure for nurses. Conclusion: The pilot successfully reduced demand on Aseptic Pharmacy while enabling efficient capacity use on the Chemotherapy Day Unit. The use of the CSTD minimised the risk of nurse exposure to SACT.
EVALUATION OF CAST SPLITTING ON LOWER LEG COMPARTMENT PRESSURES: A PILOT STUDY IDENTIFYING THE MOST EFFECTIVE SPLITTING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Sambhwani S. , Dungey M. , Allen P. , Kirmani S. 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionLower limb immobilisation with full casts is commonly used to manage fractures. There may be the need to split casts in an emergency, such as compartment syndrome, with no current consensus as to which technique is most effective in reducing pressure quickly. Our study aims to compare the reduction in pressure across lower leg compartments using three different cast splitting techniques.MethodsThis study was done on a volunteer doctor. Pressure sensors were positioned at the anterior, posterior and lateral compartments. A single plaster technician applied below knee full casts with sequential layering and were allowed to dry as per manufacture instructions. Cast were split utilising three splitting methods; bivalve, tramline and single split and measurements taken when each layer was split. We compared results of ten repetitions for each splitting technique.ResultsWhen the cast was initially cut there were significant reduction in pressure with the bivalve split (20.6 ± 0.76 N) when compared to both the single split (26.8 ± 1.13 N, P < 0.001) and tramline split (26.4 ± 0.90 N, P < 0.001). When the cast was spread there were significant reduction in pressure with the bivalve split (10.7 ± 0.83 units) when compared to both the single split (14.6 ± 0.85 N, P < 0.001) and tramline split (16.6 ± 0.77 N, P < 0.001). When the final layer of wool was released the pressure remained lower (statistically significant) in the bivalve split compared to both single split and tramline split.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that bivalve cast splitting provided a more rapid reduction in pressure compared to other techniques across all three compartments. Our data shows that once down to skin, bivalve splitting continues to provide the lowest pressure compared to the other techniques. We recommend utilising bivalve when splitting a cast in an emergency.
Distributed temperature sensing on silicon-on-insulator chip by optical frequency domain reflectometry
Authors: Kong Degangao , Chen Cheng , Zhao Xianmeng , Tao Yifei , Wan Jiajun , Wen Yongqiang , Zhang Xiaolei , Yuan Sujun , Liu Xiaoping 
Published: May 2024

This study introduces a novel distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technique on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) chips by the optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) technology. In contrast to traditional on-chip silicon photonics temperature sensors which rely on transmission spectrum detection, this method is based on Rayleigh backscatter induced by the sidewall roughness of as-fabricated waveguides, eliminating the need for a specially designed structure. On-chip DTS results with a remarkable sensing spatial resolution of 200 μm and a high temperature sensitivity of 88 pm/K are demonstrated within the temperature range from 22.8 ∘C to 200 ∘C. Furthermore, the technology is employed to measure non-uniform temperature distributions along an SOI waveguide generated by integrated heaters. Importantly, this approach offers a straightforward sensing structure, opening new possibilities for investigating temperature profiles and thermal crosstalk across the chip.
Mode-locked waveguide polariton laser
Authors: Souissi H. , Gromovyi M. , Septembre I. , Develay V. , Brimont C. , Doyennette L. , Cambril E. , Bouchoule S. , Alloing B. , Frayssinet E. , Zúñiga-Pérez J. , Ackemann T. , Malpuech G. , Solnyshkov D. D. , Guillet T. 
Published: May 2024

So far, exciton-polariton (polariton) lasers were mostly single-mode lasers based on microcavities. Despite the large repulsive polariton-polariton interaction, a pulsed mode-locked polariton laser was never, to our knowledge, reported. Here, we use a 60-µm-long GaN-based waveguide surrounded by distributed Bragg reflectors forming a multi-mode horizontal cavity. We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically a polariton mode-locked micro-laser operating in the blue-UV, at room temperature, with a 300 GHz repetition rate and 100-fs-long pulses. The mode-locking is demonstrated by the compensation (linearization) of the mode dispersion by the self-phase modulation induced by the polariton-polariton interaction. It is also supported by the observation in experiment and theory of the typical envelope frequency profile of a bright soliton.
Impact of Ramadan fasting on serum levels of major endocrinology hormonal and biochemical parameters in healthy non-athlete adults: A systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Poursalehian Mohammad , Mohseni Shahrzad , Shadman Zhaleh , Mohajeri-Tehrani Mohammadreza , Atlasi Rasha , Khoshniat Nikoo Mohsen , Qorbani Mostafa , Larijani Bagher 
Published: May 2024

Background
Ramadan Intermittent Fasting (RIF) has the potential to alter hormonal levels in the body. This study investigates the impact of RIF on hormonal levels among healthy individuals during Ramadan.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis of previously published studies were conducted, focusing on healthy non-athlete adults. The intervention examined was Ramadan Intermittent Fasting, and the primary outcomes assessed were changes in endocrine hormonal and biochemical parameters. The pooled effect measure was expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model.

Results
A total of 35 original articles were retrieved, with a combined sample size of 1,107 participants eligible for the meta-analysis. No significant relationship was found between pre- and post-Ramadan hormonal levels of T3, T4, TSH, FT3, FT4, Testosterone, LH, FSH, Prolactin, PTH, Calcium, and Phosphorus (P-value<0.05). However, a substantial decrease in morning cortisol levels was observed across the studies (P-value: 0.08, Hedges’ g = -2.14, 95% CI: -4.54, 0.27).

Conclusions
Ramadan Intermittent Fasting results in minimal hormonal changes and is a safe practice for healthy individuals. The fasting regimen appears to disrupt the circadian rhythm, leading to a decrease in morning cortisol levels.