bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction on Metallic CoNi‐Terminated Catalyst with Industrial‐Level Current Density in Neutral Medium
Authors: Wei Yingying , Huang Jingjing , Chen Hong , Zheng Su‐Jun , Huang Ren‐Wu , Dong Xi‐Yan , Li Lin‐Ke , Cao Ang , Cai Jinmeng , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGreen ammonia synthesis through electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (eNO3RR) can serve as an effective alternative to the traditional energy‐intensive Haber‐Bosch process. However, achieving high Faradaic efficiency (FE) at industrially relevant current density in neutral medium poses significant challenges in eNO3RR. Herein, with the guidance of theoretical calculation, a metallic CoNi‐terminated catalyst is successfully designed and constructed on copper foam, which achieves an ammonia FE of up to 100% under industrial‐level current density and very low overpotential (−0.15 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode) in a neutral medium. Multiple characterization results have confirmed that the maintained metal atom‐terminated surface through interaction with copper atoms plays a crucial role in reducing overpotential and achieving high current density. By constructing a homemade gas stripping and absorption device, the complete conversion process for high‐purity ammonium nitrate products is demonstrated, displaying the potential for practical application. This work suggests a sustainable and promising process toward directly converting nitrate‐containing pollutant solutions into practical nitrogen fertilizers.
Origin of the Apparent Electric‐Field Dependence of Electrostrictive Coefficients
Authors: Yu Jiacheng , Zaki Abdelali , Mache Killian , Ibder Omar , Coste Sandrine , Barré Maud , Lacorre Philippe , Janolin Pierre‐Eymeric 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrostrictive materials exhibit a strain that is proportional to the square of the induced polarization. In linear dielectrics where the permittivity is constant, this electromechanical strain is also proportional to the square of the electric field. However, under increasing amplitudes of the driving field, the electromechanical strain sometimes saturates; the electrostrictive coefficients therefore appear to depend on the amplitude of the electric field used to measure them. Here, a methodology showing that this apparent field dependence is a consequence of neglecting higher‐order electromechanical phenomena is presented. When these are taken into account, not only do the electrostrictive coefficients remain constant but the signs of the high‐order coefficients enable the prediction of the saturation behavior from a single measurement. This approach is illustrated on both classical and non‐classical (so‐called “giant”) electrostrictors.
Microfluidics Evolution and Surface Functionalization: A Pathway to Enhanced Heavy Metal Ion Detection
Authors: Xu Zhejun , Jaiswal Arun , Liu Xiaochen , Yang Zhenxu , Yin Qiankun , Kong Kien Voon , Yong Ken‐Tye 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis review delves into the significant advancements in microfluidic technology since 2017, highlighting its critical role in shrinking device sizes and integrating advanced surface functionalization techniques. It showcases how microfluidics, an interdisciplinary field, has revolutionized fluid manipulation on a microscale, enabling the creation of cost‐effective, portable devices for on‐the‐spot analyses, like heavy metal ion detection. From its early days rooted in ancient observations to cutting‐edge uses of materials like silicon, glass, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and paper, this review charts microfluidics’ dynamic evolution. It emphasizes the transformative impact of surface functionalization methods, including silanization and plasma treatments, in enhancing device materials' performance. Moreover, this review anticipates the exciting convergence of microfluidics with emerging technologies like droplet microfluidics and three‐dimensional (3D) printing, alongside nanotechnology, forecasting a future of sophisticated analytical tools, point‐of‐care diagnostics, and improved detection systems. It acknowledges the hurdles in scaling production and achieving universal reliability and standardization. This review highlights the transformative impact of microfluidic technology on diagnostics and environmental surveillance, emphasizing its utility in deploying compact sensors for comprehensive and concurrent evaluations of water quality.
Carbon‐Embedded Pt Alloy Cluster Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Shin Sangyong , Lee Eoyoon , Nam Jeonghyun , Kwon Jaehoon , Choi Yunji , Kim Bumjoon J. , Ham Hyung Chul , Lee Hyunjoo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMinimizing the use of platinum (Pt) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is crucial for expanding the PEMFC market. The most straightforward approach would be to reduce the size of Pt particles. However, small Pt clusters, particularly those <2 nm in size, typically exhibit reduced activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to the overly strong adsorption of oxygen intermediates. Additionally, these small Pt clusters tend to degrade more quickly, resulting in lower durability. In this study, carbon‐embedded Pt alloy cluster catalysts (PtFe, PtCo, PtNi) that demonstrate high activity and durability in the PEMFC cathode are presented. Density functional theory calculations indicate that carbon atoms stably adsorb onto the Fe sites of PtFe clusters, making the neighboring Pt sites active for ORR with an optimal adsorption strength for oxygen intermediates. This research can pave the way for developing durable and efficient ORR catalysts while significantly reducing Pt usage in PEMFCs.
Aminotransferase trends in propionic acidemia
Authors: Silva Maria P. , Raski Carolyn R. , Charrow Joel , Baker Joshua J. , Prada Carlos E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPropionic acidemia is a metabolic condition with multiple serious acute and chronic presentations that require strict monitoring. Literature on liver function abnormalities in propionic acidemia is scarce, and the mechanism of liver impairment in this condition remains unclear. Currently, there is no indication for liver‐function tests during follow‐up and their clinical or prognostic utility is unknown. This study aimed to determine aminotransferase trends in individuals with propionic acidemia at a single institution. We retrospectively evaluated and classified the aminotransferases of 12 patients with propionic acidemia during hospital admissions and routine office visits. The present findings suggest that aminotransferase elevations are very common in this population and can persist beyond acute illness. During hospitalization events, aminotransferases were not a predictor of severity, duration of stay, and readmission within 1 month. Understanding aminotransferase trends in these patients will help clinicians make decisions in the acute setting and potentially in the follow‐up of new therapies.
Synthesis of Versatile Aryliodine Synthons by Aryliodonium Rearrangement Reactions
Authors: Pan Cheng , Wang Limin , Han Jianwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe excellent reactivity of diaryliodonium salts has primarily been attributed to the efficient departure of the iodoarene unit, facilitating a variety of arylation reactions. However, one equivalent of iodoarene as a side‐product is a chemical waste in these reactions, which was criticized by chemists for hindering its popularity. Recently, the development of synthetic methodology that preserve the aryl iodine moiety received increasing attention. Oxidative rearrangement reactions involving aryliodonium reagents have significantly addressed the atom‐economic issue, thereby broadening the reaction scope. The resulting intricate aryliodine products are viewed as valuable synthons for the synthesis of natural products, pharmaceutical intermediates and other fine chemicals.
Asymmetric Coordination Regulating D‐Orbital Spin‐Electron Filling in Single‐Atom Iron Catalyst for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Li Yizhe , Sun Hao , Ren Longtao , Sun Kai , Gao Liyao , Jin Xiangrong , Xu Qingzhen , Liu Wen , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe single‐atom Fe−N−C catalyst has shown great promise for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), yet the intrinsic activity is not satisfactory. There is a pressing need to gain a deeper understanding of the charge configuration of the Fe−N−C catalyst and to develop rational modulation strategies. Herein, we have prepared a single‐atom Fe catalyst with the co‐coordination of N and O (denoted as Fe−N/O−C) and adjacent defect, proposing a strategy to optimize the d‐orbital spin‐electron filling of Fe sites by fine‐tuning the first coordination shell. The Fe−N/O−C exhibits significantly better ORR activity compared to its Fe−N−C counterpart and commercial Pt/C, with a much more positive half‐wave potential (0.927 V) and higher kinetic current density. Moreover, using the Fe−N/O−C catalyst, the Zn‐air battery and proton exchange membrane fuel cell achieve peak power densities of up to 490 and 1179 mW cm−2, respectively. Theoretical studies and in situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy reveal that Fe−N/O−C undergoes charge redistribution and negative shifting of the d‐band center compared to Fe−N−C, thus optimizing the adsorption free energy of ORR intermediates. This work demonstrates the feasibility of introducing an asymmetric first coordination shell for single‐atom catalysts and provides a new optimization direction for their practical application.
¿Pa ‘rriba o pa ’bajo? Upward mobility, anti‐Blackness, and the independence question among Puerto Ricans in NYC: A decolonial psychoanalytic study
Authors: Gaztambide Daniel José , Escobar Edlyane Veronica Medina , Hernandez‐Vega Andrea , Purvis Tyce , Diaz Gabriella , Julien Lovelyne , Chen Xiqiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPuerto Rico is one of the world's oldest colonies, with thousands of its people dislocated to the United States (U.S.) mainland in the wake of Hurricane Maria and the ongoing economic crisis. However, since the 2019 protests ousting then governor Rosello, Puerto Ricans across the Diaspora are imagining new emancipatory realities, including the possibility of independence. This paper draws on data from the Colonial Mentality Study in New York City (CMS‐NYC, N = 19) to explore how Puerto Ricans in the Diaspora narrativize new political possibilities despite the challenges posed by post‐disaster migration and racial and economic inequality. Using a decolonial psychoanalytic approach, we show how two colonial logics—moving “up and out” of Puerto Rico and “up and in” American capitalism—are textured by discourses of racial inferiority and upward mobility, and illustrate how these are experienced by Puerto Ricans who identify as Multiracial (Multiracial‐Identified Puerto Rican, N = 11), and Puerto Ricans who identify as Black (BIPR, N = 8). Reading our findings in the sociogenic context of race, class, and colonialism in Puerto Rico, and race and class among Puerto Ricans in NYC, we explore how racism toward Puerto Ricans and racism among Puerto Ricans intersect with notions of upward mobility, revealing how anti‐Blackness supports economic inequality in the U.S. mainland alongside with Puerto Rico's colonial situation. Complementing decolonial psychoanalytic theory with the Afro‐Puerto Rican radical tradition, we outline the implications of this research for future scholarship, clinical practice, and political action.
Aromatic rich biofuel production via catalytic co‐pyrolysis of paulownia wood and polypropylene waste
Authors: Inaloo Esmaeel Balaghi , Tavasoli Ahmad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThermo‐catalytic co‐pyrolysis of paulownia wood and polypropylene mixture were carried out in a fixed bed horizontal reactor system. The biochar obtained from pyrolysis of paulownia wood was activated by steam at 700°C. Activated biochar supported magnesium oxide, nickel oxide and cobalt oxide catalysts were prepared by incipient miosture impregnation and were used to upgrade the bio‐oil. Catalytic pyrolysis reduced the amount of bio‐oil compared with non‐catalytic pyrolysis (59.5% of bio‐oil). The results indicate that the production of aromatic compounds increased from 40.35% to 65.93, 62.12 and 61.56% using Ni, Co and Mg catalysts, respectively. For all three catalysts, the production of furan compounds decreased. It was found that bio‐char based catalysts are suitable for use in the co‐pyrolysis process to improvement the biofuel production.
Enhancement of rAAV titers via inhibition of the interferon signaling cascade in transfected HEK293 suspension cultures
Authors: Kahlig Carolin‐Isabel , Moser Sylvain , Micutkova Lucia , Grillari Johannes , Kraus Barbara , Hernandez Bort Juan A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe production of recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) for gene therapy applications relies on the use of various host cell lines, with suspension‐grown HEK293 cells being the preferred expression system due to their satisfactory rAAV yields in transient transfections. As the field of gene therapy continues to expand, there is a growing demand for efficient rAAV production, which has prompted efforts to optimize HEK293 cell line productivity through engineering. In contrast to other cell lines like CHO cells, the transcriptome of HEK293 cells during rAAV production has remained largely unexplored in terms of identifying molecular components that can enhance yields.In our previous research, we analyzed global regulatory pathways and mRNA expression patterns associated with increased rAAV production in HEK293 cells. Our data revealed substantial variations in the expression patterns between cell lines with low (LP) and high‐production (HP) rates. Moving to a deeper layer for a more detailed analysis of inflammation‐related transcriptome data, we detected an increased expression of interferon‐related genes in low‐producing cell lines.Following upon these results, we investigated the use of Ruxolitinib, an interferon pathway inhibitor, during the transient production of rAAV in HEK293 cells as potential media additive to boost rAAV titers. Indeed, we find a two‐fold increase in rAAV titers compared to the control when the interferon pathways were inhibited. In essence, this work offers a rational design approach for optimization of HEK293 cell line productivity and potential engineering targets, ultimately paving the way for more cost‐efficient and readily available gene therapies for patients.
Blue light‐mediated gene expression as a promising strategy to reduce antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli
Authors: Jiang Qingwei , Geng Feng , Shen Juan , Zhu Ping , Lu Zhaoxin , Lu Fengxia , Zhou Libang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe discovery of antibiotics has noticeably promoted the development of human civilization; however, antibiotic resistance in bacteria caused by abusing and overusing greatly challenges human health and food safety. Considering the worsening situation, it is an urgent demand to develop emerging nontraditional technologies or methods to address this issue. With the expanding of synthetic biology, optogenetics exhibits a tempting prospect for precisely regulating gene expression in many fields. Consequently, it is attractive to employ optogenetics to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. Here, a blue light‐controllable gene expression system was established in Escherichia coli based on a photosensitive DNA‐binding protein (EL222). Further, this strategy was successfully applied to repress the expression of β‐lactamase gene (bla) using blue light illumination, resulting a dramatic reduction of ampicillin resistance in engineered E. coli. Moreover, blue light was utilized to induce the expression of the mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL), triumphantly leading to the increase of streptomycin susceptibility in engineered E. coli. Finally, the increased susceptibility of ampicillin and streptomycin was simultaneously induced by blue light in the same E. coli cell, revealing the excellent potential of this strategy in controlling multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria. As a proof of concept, our work demonstrates that light can be used as an alternative tool to prolong the use period of common antibiotics without developing new antibiotics. And this novel strategy based on optogenetics shows a promising foreground to combat antibiotic resistance in the future.
Generation of stable suspension producer cell lines for serum‐free lentivirus production
Authors: Klimpel Maximilian , Terrao Monica , Bräuer Melina , Dersch Herbert , Biserni Martina , Melo Do Nascimento Larissa , Schwingal Sarah , Vogel Jessica E. , Ferlemann Cathrin , Brandt Tobias , Lal Nikki Indresh , Bridgeman Krystal , Petzke Alex , McDwyer Eva , Lim Jo Leen , Oh Seungyoul , Brumatti Gabriela , Garcia Minambres Albert , Otte Ellen , Noll Thomas , Pirzas Vicky , Laux Holger 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe production of lentiviral vectors (LVs) pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein (VSV‐G) is limited by the associated cytotoxicity of the envelope and by the production methods used, such as transient transfection of adherent cell lines. In this study, we established stable suspension producer cell lines for scalable and serum‐free LV production derived from two stable, inducible packaging cell lines, named GPRG and GPRTG. The established polyclonal producer cell lines produce self‐inactivating (SIN) LVs carrying a WAS‐T2A‐GFP construct at an average infectious titer of up to 4.64 × 107 TU mL−1 in a semi‐perfusion process in a shake flask and can be generated in less than two months. The derived monoclonal cell lines are functionally stable in continuous culture and produce an average infectious titer of up to 9.38 × 107 TU mL−1 in a semi‐perfusion shake flask process. The producer clones are able to maintain a productivity of >1 × 107 TU mL−1 day−1 for up to 29 consecutive days in a non‐optimized 5 L stirred‐tank bioreactor perfusion process, representing a major milestone in the field of LV manufacturing. As the producer cell lines are based on an inducible Tet‐off expression system, the established process allows LV production in the absence of inducers such as antibiotics. The purified LVs efficiently transduce human CD34+ cells, reducing the LV quantities required for gene and cell therapy applications.
Caffeine and Purine Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review on the Chemistry, Biosynthetic Pathways, Synthesis‐Related Reactions, Biomedical Prospectives and Clinical Applications
Authors: Abu‐Hashem Ameen A. , Hakami Othman , El‐Shazly Mohamed , El‐Nashar Heba A. S. , Yousif Mahmoud N. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCaffeine and purine derivatives represent interesting chemical moieties, which show various biological activities. Caffeine is an alkaloid that belongs to the family of methylxanthine alkaloids and it is present in food, beverages, and drugs. Coffee, tea, and some other beverages are a major source of caffeine in the human diet. Caffeine can be extracted from tea or coffee using hot water with dichloromethane or chloroform and the leftover is known as decaffeinated coffee or tea. Caffeine and its derivatives were synthesized via different procedures on small and large scales. It competitively antagonizes the adenosine receptors (ARs), which are G protein‐coupled receptors largely distributed in the human body, including the heart, vessels, brain, and kidneys. Recently, many reports showed the effect of caffeine derivatives in the treatment of many diseases such as Alzheimer's, asthma, parkinsonism, and cancer. Also, it is used as an antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, and hypocholesterolemic agent. The present review article discusses the synthesis, reactivity, and biological and pharmacological properties of caffeine and its derivatives. The biosynthesis and biotransformation of caffeine in coffee and tea leaves and the human body were summarized in the review.
NF‐κB pathway as a molecular target for curcumin in diabetes mellitus treatment: Focusing on oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Zamanian Mohammad Yasin , Alsaab Hashem O. , Golmohammadi Maryam , Yumashev Alexey , Jabba Abeer Mhussan , Abid Mohammed Kadhem , Joshi Abhishek , Alawadi Ahmed Hussien , Jafer Noor S. , Kianifar Farzaneh , Obakiro Samuel Baker 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a collection of metabolic disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Recent studies have demonstrated the crucial involvement of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory reactions in the development of DM. Curcumin (CUR), a natural compound derived from turmeric, exerts beneficial effects on diabetes mellitus through its interaction with the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway. Research indicates that CUR targets inflammatory mediators in diabetes, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), by modulating the NF‐κB signaling pathway. By reducing the expression of these inflammatory factors, CUR demonstrates protective effects in DM by improving pancreatic β‐cells function, normalizing inflammatory cytokines, reducing OS and enhancing insulin sensitivity. The findings reveal that CUR administration effectively lowered blood glucose elevation, reinstated diminished serum insulin levels, and enhanced body weight in Streptozotocin ‐induced diabetic rats. CUR exerts its beneficial effects in management of diabetic complications through regulation of signaling pathways, such as calcium–calmodulin (CaM)‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ), NF‐κB, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1). Moreover, CUR reversed the heightened expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), IL‐6) and chemokines like MCP‐1 in diabetic specimens, vindicating its anti‐inflammatory potency in counteracting hyperglycemia‐induced alterations. CUR diminishes OS, avert structural kidney damage linked to diabetic nephropathy, and suppress NF‐κB activity. Furthermore, CUR exhibited a protective effect against diabetic cardiomyopathy, lung injury, and diabetic gastroparesis. Conclusively, the study posits that CUR could potentially offer therapeutic benefits in relieving diabetic complications through its influence on the NF‐κB pathway.
Isolated distal deep vein thrombosis associated with adenomyosis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Zong Xiaolong , Wang Xuechao , Liu Shenjia , Tang Xuemei , Zheng Dayong 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageWhile adenomyosis is commonly associated with a mild risk of thrombotic complications, the presence of additional thrombophilia factors can increase this risk, particularly in individuals with severe symptoms and elevated CA125 levels.
Successful management of an idiopathic first bite syndrome: A case report and review
Authors: Barati Behrouz , Ghazizadeh Matin , Shahzamani Arvin 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageFBS is associated with surgical interventions or malignancies and could occur idiopathically. Also, this case highlights the successful management of FBS symptoms with pharmacological intervention with gabapentin and carbamazepine.