bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary and Specialty Palliative Care Utilization at a Regional Burn Center
Authors: Tao Zoe , Hoffman Alexandra , Stecher Anna , Eshraghi Niknam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
There is little research informing appropriate specialty palliative care consultation over primary palliative care practice, or the ability of the burn surgeon to perform skills such as effective goals of care discussions. We sought to characterize patterns of palliative care utilization and hypothesized that greater modified Baux (mBaux) and systemic organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores would correlate with increased specialty palliative involvement but have no relationship with primary palliative involvement. A retrospective chart review was conducted at a regional burn center between 2020 and 2021 including patients admitted with burns or inhalation injury and a mBaux score over 60, detailing circumstances of palliative consultation and goals of care discussions. A total of 163 patients met the criteria. The odds of specialty palliative consultation increased by 3.9% for each additional mBaux score point and 23.3% for every SOFA score point. The odds of goals of care discussion by a burn surgeon increased by 3.5% for each mBaux score point and 23.9% for each SOFA score point. Those receiving palliative consultation tended to have greater burn surface area, graft complications, code status changes, and more goals of care discussions by any provider at admission; there was no difference in symptom control or hospital length of stay. Higher mBaux and SOFA scores correlate with increased odds of both specialty and primary palliative involvement in our cohort. There is bias in diverting both primary and specialty palliative care resources toward acutely ill patients and those with less immediate projected mortality may need additional attention.
Equivariant neural operators for gradient-consistent topology optimization
Authors: Erzmann David , Dittmer Sören 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Most traditional methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) require the costly solving of large linear systems. Neural operators (NOs) offer remarkable speed-ups over classical numerical PDE solvers. Here, we conduct the first exploration and comparison of NOs for three-dimensional topology optimization. Specifically, we propose replacing the PDE solver within the popular Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) algorithm, which is its main computational bottleneck. For this, the NO not only needs to solve the PDE with sufficient accuracy but also has the additional challenge of providing accurate gradients which are necessary for SIMP’s density updates. To realize this, we do three things: (i) We introduce a novel loss term to promote gradient-consistency. (ii) We guarantee equivariance in our NOs to increase the physical correctness of predictions. (iii) We introduce a novel NO architecture called U-Net Fourier neural operator (U-Net FNO), which combines the multi-resolution properties of U-Nets with the Fourier neural operator (FNO)’s focus on local features in frequency space. In our experiments we demonstrate that the inclusion of the novel gradient loss term is necessary to obtain good results. Furthermore, enforcing group equivariance greatly improves the quality of predictions, especially on small training datasets. Finally, we show that in our experiments the U-Net FNO outperforms both a standard U-Net, as well as other FNO methods.
An ‘elementary’ perspective on reasoning about probability spaces
Authors: Speranski Stanislav O 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper is concerned with a two-sorted probabilistic language, denoted by $\textsf{QPL}$, which contains quantifiers over events and over reals, and can be viewed as an elementary language for reasoning about probability spaces. The fragment of $\textsf{QPL}$ containing only quantifiers over reals is a variant of the well-known ‘polynomial’ language from Fagin et al. (1990, Inform. Comput., 87, 78–128). We shall prove that the $\textsf{QPL}$-theory of the Lebesgue measure on $\left [ 0, 1 \right ]$ is decidable, and moreover, all atomless spaces have the same $\textsf{QPL}$-theory. Also, we shall introduce the notion of elementary invariant for $\textsf{QPL}$ and use it to translate the semantics for $\textsf{QPL}$ into the setting of elementary analysis. This will allow us to obtain further decidability results as well as to provide exact complexity upper bounds for a range of interesting undecidable theories.
Forbs, graminoids, and lepidopterans: breadth and seasonal variation in the diet of the New Mexico jumping mouse (Zapus luteus)
Authors: Sanchez Daniel E , Dikeman Austin L , Lyman Jacque A , Zahratka Jennifer , Fofanov Viacheslav , Walker Faith M , Chambers Carol L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The New Mexico Jumping Mouse (Zapus luteus) is a federally endangered granivore active for only 3 to 5 months annually. Knowledge of diet can help guide habitat recovery and yet despite calls for restoration of its riparian habitat, the diet of Z. luteus remains largely unknown. To date, only 8 plant species have been described in the diet—whereas insectivory, mycophagy, and dietary shifts have only been hypothesized. In the late summer, Z. luteus rapidly accumulates fat for a 9-month hibernation and restoration may fail if seasonal variation in the diet is overlooked. We used DNA metabarcoding on fecal DNA (n = 165) to resolve dietary taxa within multiple trophic levels of the diet and investigate monthly patterns of consumption. Seldom studied in metabarcoding frameworks, we also investigated exogenous contamination in Sherman live-capture traps. Potential contamination among feces, pelage, and trap surfaces was detectable but low (median = 0% to 2%), with fecal communities distinct from exogenous sources. The diet of Z. luteus was varied and most frequently (frequency of occurrence) of graminoids, forbs, lepidopterans, dipterids, and false-truffles. For plant foods, dietary diversity increased throughout their season of activity, shifting from sedges and woody vegetation in the early season (June to July) to forbs and grasses in the late season (August to September). Insect consumption was consistently detected throughout the season, whereas mycophagy was more frequently detected in August, when hypogeous fungi are typically more abundant. The breadth of dietary taxa suggests plasticity in resource use, potentially accommodating diverse patterns of seed availability throughout their active period. Shifts in plant consumption may reflect a dietary adaptation to the phenological patterns of their plant communities, a synchrony that might benefit both pre- and post-hibernation survival. Our work substantially improves our understanding of the diet of Z. luteus (241 dietary taxa) and will be useful for guiding habitat recovery. It also offers scalable methods to further investigate the diet under disturbance contexts (e.g., grazing, wildfire, drought).
OsRH52A, a DEAD-box protein, regulates functional megaspore specification and is required for embryo sac development in rice
Authors: Huang Jinghua , Qiao Zhengping , Yu Hang , Lu Zijun , Chen Weibin , Lu Junming , Wu Jinwen , Bao Yueming , Shahid Muhammad Qasim , Liu Xiangdong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The development of the embryo sac is an important factor that affects seed setting in rice. Numerous genes associated with embryo sac (ES) development have been identified in plants; however, the function of the DEAD-box RNA helicase family genes is poorly known in rice. Here, we characterized a rice DEAD-box protein, RH52A, which is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm and highly expressed in the floral organs. The knockout mutant rh52a displayed partial ES sterility, including degeneration of the ES (21%) and the presence of a double-female-gametophyte (DFG) structure (11.8%). The DFG developed from two functional megaspores near the chalazal end in one ovule, and 3.4% of DFGs were able to fertilize via the sac near the micropylar pole in rh52a. RH52A was found to interact with MFS1 and ZIP4, both of which play a role in homologous recombination in rice meiosis. RNA-sequencing identified 234 down-regulated differentially expressed genes associated with reproductive development, including two, MSP1 and HSA1b, required for female germline cell specification. Taken together, our study demonstrates that RH52A is essential for the development of the rice embryo sac and provides cytological details regarding the formation of DFGs.
Plasmoid identification and statistics in two-dimensional Harris sheet and GRMHD simulations
Authors: Vos J T , Olivares H , Cerutti B , Mościbrodzka M 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Magnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous phenomenon for magnetized plasma and leads to the rapid reconfiguration of magnetic field lines. During reconnection events, plasma is heated and accelerated until the magnetic field lines enclose and capture the plasma within a circular configuration. These so-called plasmoids could therefore observationally manifest themselves as hotspots, which are associated with flaring behaviour in supermassive black hole systems, such as Sagittarius A*. We have developed a novel algorithm for identifying plasmoid structures, which incorporates watershed and custom closed contouring steps. From the identified structures, we determine the plasmoids’ plasma characteristics and energetics in magnetohydrodynamical simulations. The algorithm’s performance is showcased for a high-resolution suite of axisymmetric ideal and resistive magnetohydrodynamical simulations of turbulent accretion discs surrounding a supermassive black hole. For validation purposes, we also evaluate several Harris current sheets that are well-investigated in the literature. We recover the characteristic power-law distribution of plasmoid sizes for both the black hole and Harris sheet simulations. This indicates that while the dynamics are vastly different, with different dominant plasma instabilities, the plasmoid creation characteristics are similar. Plasmoid formation rates for resistive general relativistic magnetohydrodynamical simulations are significantly higher than for their ideal counterpart. Moreover, the largest identified plasmoids are consistent with sizes typically assumed for semi-analytical interpretation of observations. We recover a positive correlation between the plasmoid formation rate and decreases in black-hole-horizon-penetrating magnetic flux, during which the accretion flow is temporarily halted. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the newly developed algorithm which has enabled an extensive quantitative analysis of plasmoid formation in black hole accretion simulations.
ΛCDM not dead yet: massive high-z Balmer break galaxies are less common than previously reported
Authors: Desprez Guillaume , Martis Nicholas S , Asada Yoshihisa , Sawicki Marcin , Willott Chris J , Muzzin Adam , Abraham Roberto G , Bradač Maruša , Brammer Gabe , Estrada-Carpenter Vicente , Iyer Kartheik G , Matharu Jasleen , Mowla Lamiya , Noirot Gaël , Sarrouh Ghassan T E , Strait Victoria , Gledhill Rachel , Rihtaršič Gregor 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Early JWST observations that targeted so-called double-break sources (attributed to Lyman and Balmer breaks at z &gt; 7), reported a previously unknown population of very massive, evolved high-redshift galaxies. This surprising discovery led to a flurry of attempts to explain these objects’ unexpected existence including invoking alternatives to the standard Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmological paradigm. To test these early results, we adopted the same double-break candidate galaxy selection criteria to search for such objects in the JWST images of the CAnadian Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) Unbiased Cluster Survey (CANUCS), and found a sample of 19 sources over five independent CANUCS fields that cover a total effective area of ∼60 arcmin2 at z ∼ 8. However, (1) our spectral energy distribution fits do not yield exceptionally high-stellar masses for our candidates, while (2) spectroscopy of five of the candidates shows that while all five are at high redshifts, their red colours are due to high-equivalent width emission lines in star-forming galaxies rather than Balmer breaks in massive, evolved systems. Additionally, (3) field-to-field variance leads to differences of ∼1.5 dex in the maximum stellar masses measured in the different fields, suggesting that the early single-field JWST observations may have suffered from cosmic variance and/or sample bias. Finally, (4) we show that the presence of even a single massive outlier can dominate conclusions from small samples such as those in early JWST observations. In conclusion, we find that the double-break sources in CANUCS are not sufficiently massive or numerous to warrant questioning the standard ΛCDM paradigm.
Matrix metalloproteinase 9: An emerging biomarker for classification of adherent vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Nguyen Han T N , Duhon Bailey H , Kuo Hsuan-Chih , Fisher Melanie , Brickey Olivia M , Zhang Lisa , Otero Jose J , Prevedello Daniel M , Adunka Oliver F , Ren Yin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The progression of vestibular schwannoma (VS) is intricately linked with interactions between schwannoma cells and the extracellular matrix. Surgical resection of VS is associated with substantial risks as tumors are adherent to the brainstem and cranial nerves. We evaluate the role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in VS and explore its potential as a biomarker to classify adherent VS.

Methods
Transcriptomic analysis of a murine schwannoma allograft model and immunohistochemical analysis of 17 human VS were performed. MMP9 abundance was assessed in mouse and human schwannoma cell lines. Transwell studies were performed to evaluate the effect of MMP9 on schwannoma invasion in vitro. Plasma biomarkers were identified from a multiplexed proteomic analysis in 45 prospective VS patients and validated in primary culture. The therapeutic efficacy of MMP9 inhibition was evaluated in a mouse schwannoma model.

Results
MMP9 was the most highly upregulated protease in mouse schwannomas and was significantly enriched in adherent VS, particularly around tumor vasculature. High levels of MMP9 were found in plasma of patients with adherent VS. MMP9 outperformed clinical and radiographic variables to classify adherent VS with outstanding discriminatory ability. Human schwannoma cells secreted MMP9 in response to TNF-α which promoted cellular invasion and adhesion protein expression in vitro. Lastly, MMP9 inhibition decreased mouse schwannoma growth in vivo.

Conclusions
We identify MMP9 as a preoperative biomarker to classify adherent VS. MMP9 may represent a new therapeutic target in adherent VS associated with poor surgical outcomes that lack other viable treatment options.
Adapting a Financial Incentives Intervention for Smoking Cessation With Alaska Native Families: Phase 1 Qualitative Research to Inform the Aniqsaaq (To Breathe) Study
Authors: Sinicrope Pamela S , Tranby Brianna N , Young Antonia M , Koller Kathryn R , King Diane K , Lee Flora R , Sabaque Corinna V , Prochaska Judith J , Borah Bijan J , Decker Paul A , McDonell Michael G , Stillwater Barbara , Thomas Timothy K , Patten Christi A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Alaska Native and American Indian (ANAI) peoples in Alaska currently experience a disproportionate burden of morbidity and mortality from tobacco cigarette use. Financial incentives for smoking cessation are evidence-based, but a family-level incentive structure has not been evaluated. We used a community-based participatory research and qualitative approach to culturally adapt a smoking cessation intervention with ANAI families.

Aims and Methods
We conducted individual, semistructured telephone interviews with 12 ANAI adults who smoke, 12 adult family members, and 13 Alaska Tribal Health System stakeholders statewide between November 2022 and March 2023. Through content analysis, we explored intervention receptivity, incentive preferences, culturally aligned recruitment and intervention messaging, and future implementation needs.

Results
Participants were receptive to the intervention. Involving a family member was viewed as novel and aligned with ANAI cultural values of commitment to community and familial interdependence. Major themes included choosing a family member who is supportive and understanding, keeping materials positive and encouraging, and offering cash and noncash incentives for family members to choose (eg, fuel, groceries, activities). Participants indicated that messaging should emphasize family collaboration and that cessation resources and support tips should be provided. Stakeholders also reinforced that program materials should encourage the use of other existing evidence-based cessation therapies (eg, nicotine replacement, counseling).

Conclusions
Adaptations, grounded in ANAI cultural strengths, were made to the intervention and recruitment materials based on participant feedback. Next steps include a beta-test for feasibility and a randomized controlled trial for efficacy.

Implications
This is the first study to design and adapt a financial incentives intervention promoting smoking cessation among ANAI peoples and the first to involve the family system. Feedback from this formative work was used to develop a meaningful family-level incentive structure with ANAI people who smoke and family members and ensure intervention messaging is supportive and culturally aligned. The results provide qualitative knowledge that can inform future family-based interventions with ANAI communities, including our planned randomized controlled trial of the intervention.
The Pluralities of Property
Authors: Rostill Luke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In Property Rights: A Re-Examination, James Penner returns to and develops a project that he has been engaged in for nearly three decades: to replace the influential ‘bundle of rights’ picture of property, which he regards as irredeemably flawed, with an alternative account—one that regards property as a unified entitlement. In this review article, I expound and analyse the central features of Penner’s theory. I defend the view that, in its original iteration, Penner’s account was trebly monistic: it regarded property as a single entitlement justified by a single human interest and protected by a single duty of non-interference. I go on to critically examine one of Penner’s central ideas—that to understand property it is necessary to understand its justification. Along the way, I trace how Penner’s account has evolved and explain how certain alterations have put some problems to bed while generating others.
Systemic cellular migration: The forces driving the directed locomotion movement of cells
Authors: De la Fuente Ildefonso M , Carrasco-Pujante Jose , Camino-Pontes Borja , Fedetz Maria , Bringas Carlos , Pérez-Samartín Alberto , Pérez-Yarza Gorka , López José I , Malaina Iker , Cortes Jesus M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Directional motility is an essential property of cells. Despite its enormous relevance in many fundamental physiological and pathological processes, how cells control their locomotion movements remains an unresolved question. Here, we have addressed the systemic processes driving the directed locomotion of cells. Specifically, we have performed an exhaustive study analyzing the trajectories of 700 individual cells belonging to three different species (Amoeba proteus, Metamoeba leningradensis, and Amoeba borokensis) in four different scenarios: in absence of stimuli, under an electric field (galvanotaxis), in a chemotactic gradient (chemotaxis), and under simultaneous galvanotactic and chemotactic stimuli. All movements were analyzed using advanced quantitative tools. The results show that the trajectories are mainly characterized by coherent integrative responses that operate at the global cellular scale. These systemic migratory movements depend on the cooperative nonlinear interaction of most, if not all, molecular components of cells.
0006 Circadian Cyclic Gene Expression in Human Airway Epithelial Cells in Asthma and Viral Infections
Authors: Powell Weston , Clark Lindsay , White Maria , Rich Lucille , Gates Camille , Vanderwall Elizabeth , Debley Jason 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Cellular circadian rhythms regulate gene expression and innate immune pathways related to airway diseases in animal models of disease. However, circadian regulation of gene expression remains uninvestigated in human airway epithelial cells. Primary human airway epithelial cells can be grown at an air-liquid interface as an ex vivo organotypic model to characterize molecular circadian rhythms in the human airway. Using cells from healthy and donors with disease, we hypothesized that circadian cyclic gene expression would be altered in asthma and would display altered viral responses.

Methods
Cells were synchronized with temperature cycled incubators and RNA isolated every 4 hours over a 48 hour period for RNA-sequencing from primary human airway epithelial cells from healthy and asthmatic children. CompareRhythms in R was used to identify differential rhythmicity using the cosinor method. EnrichR pathway analysis for Reactome, Panther, GO molecular functions, and GO biological processes was used to identify relevant biological pathways with altered circadian rhythmic expression. Human rhinovirus 16 was applied to the apical surface at a multiplicity of infection of 0.5 and RNA isolated 96 hours later for genome copy number assessment with PCR.

Results
Circadain clock genes were rhythmic in airway epithelial cells from health and donors with asthma with preserved phase relationships indicating an intact core circadian clock. Analysis of circadian cyclic gene expression identified 4% of genes with circadian cyclic gene expression following temperature synchronization. Approximately 100 genes demonstrated altered circadian rhythmicity in airway epithelial cells from donors with asthma. Circadian rhythm and nuclear receptors had common rhythmicity in healthy and asthma. IL-17 signalling, cytokine receptor, and neutrophil chemotaxis pathways had altered circadian rhythmicity in asthma. Infection at time zero (end of temperature cycling) was associated with a two-fold lower viral replication than infection 12 hours later in healthy airway epithelial cells.

Conclusion
The core circadian clock genes maintain rhythmicity in healthy and asthma airway epithelia. Circadian regulation in immune and cytokine signaling pathways is altered in asthma.

Support (if any)
Sleep Research Society Foundation Career Development Award (WTP), ATS ASPIRE (WTP), Parker B Francis Fellowship (WTP), NIH R01AI163160 (JSD); NIH K24AI150991 (JSD)