bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Investigation and Cytotoxic Evaluation of the Components of the Medicinal Plant Ligularia atroviolacea
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Sun Lianli , Huang Kexin , Shi Shuyun , Zhang Lijuan , Xu Juanhua , Peng Hua , Sun Xianfeng , Wang Liwei , Wu Xiumei , Zhao Yu , Li Xiaokun , Stöckigt Joachim , Qu Jia 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA phytochemical investigation of the roots of Ligularia atroviolacea resulted in the isolation of 24 compounds including seven new eremophilanoids named eremophila‐3,7(11),8‐triene‐12,8;14,6α‐diolide (1), 3β‐(angeloyloxy)eremophil‐7(11)‐en‐12,8β‐olid‐14‐oic acid (2), 1α‐chloro‐10β‐hydroxy‐6β‐(2‐methylpropanoyloxy)‐9‐oxo‐7,8‐furoeremophilane (3), (10βH)‐8‐oxoeremophila‐3(4),6(7)‐diene‐12,14‐dioic acid (4), (10αH)‐8‐oxoeremophila‐3(4),6(7)‐diene‐12,14‐dioic acid (5), 8β‐[eremophila‐3′,7′(11′)‐diene‐12′,8′α;14′,6′α‐diolide]eremophila‐3,7(11)‐diene‐12,8α;14,6α‐diolide (6), and ligulatrovine A (7), eleven known eremophilanoids, 8–18, four steroids, one glucose derivative, and one fatty acid. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 2D‐NMR experiments. The structure of 3 was also established by an X‐ray diffraction study. The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of selected compounds was performed on seven cultured tumor cell lines, i.e., KB, BEL‐7404, A549, HL‐60, HeLa, CNE, and P‐388D1. The preliminary taxonomy of this species was also discussed, and the possible biogenesis of a dimer possessing a new noreremophilanoid type skeleton, 7, is presented in a preliminary form.
Sterol Chemotaxonomy of Marine Pelagophyte Algae
Authors: Giner José‐Luis , Zhao Hui , Boyer Gregory L. , Satchwell Michael F. , Andersen Robert A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSeveral marine algae of the class Pelagophyceae produce the unusual marine sterol 24‐propylidenecholesterol, mainly as the (24E)‐isomer. The (24Z)‐isomer had previously been considered as a specific biomarker for Aureococcus anophagefferens, the ‘brown tide’ alga of the Northeast coast of the USA. To test this hypothesis and to generate chemotaxonomic information, the sterol compositions of 42 strains of pelagophyte algae including 17 strains of Aureococcus anophagefferens were determined by GC analysis. A more comprehensive sterol analysis by HPLC and 1H‐NMR was obtained for 17 selected pelagophyte strains. All strains analyzed contained 24‐propylidenecholesterol. In all strains belonging to the order Sarcinochrysidales, this sterol was found only as the (E)‐isomer, while all strains in the order Pelagomonadales contained the (Z)‐isomer, either alone or together with the (E)‐isomer. The occurrence of Δ22 and 24α‐sterols was limited to the Sarcinochrysidales. The first occurrence of Δ22‐24‐propylcholesterol in an alga, CCMP 1410, was reported. Traces of the rare sterol 26,26‐dimethyl‐24‐methylenecholesterol were detected in Aureococcus anophagefferens, and the (25R)‐configuration was proposed, based on biosynthetic considerations. Traces of a novel sterol, 24‐propylidenecholesta‐5,25‐dien‐3β‐ol, were detected in several species.
Venom Alkaloid Chemistry of Australian Species of the Monomorium rothsteini Complex, with Particular Reference to Taxonomic Implications
Authors: Jones Tappey H. , Andersen Alan N. , Kenny Joshua C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA comparison of the morphology and of the venom alkaloids of the Australian Monomorium rothsteini complex was undertaken. These ants were collected in Australia from western New South Wales, northern Queensland, and northern Northern Territory. Additionally, samples from the M. sordidum complex and M. carinatum complex were examined. Thirteen previously described trans‐2,5‐dialkylpyrrolidines were detected in these ants, along with the novel trans‐2‐ethyl‐5‐[(Z)‐tridec‐4‐enyl]pyrrolidine (6), whose structure was confirmed by synthesis. The extent of variation and the correlation observed in the morphology and venom chemistry in M. rothsteini samples is very strongly indicative of multiple species in this complex. The presence and location of the CC bond in 6 reinforces the remarkable structural similarity of the 2‐ethylpyrrolidines in these Monomorium species to the 2‐methylpiperidines in the venoms of many Solenopsis species, and may represent convergent evolution of biosynthetic processes in different genera of solenopsidine ants.
Ketogenesis evaluation in perfused liver of diabetic rats submitted to short‐term insulin‐induced hypoglycemia
Authors: Barrena Helenton Cristhian , Gazola Vilma Aparecida Ferreira Godoi , Furlan Maria Montserrat Diaz Pedrosa , Garcia Rosângela Fernandes , de Souza Helenir Medri , Bazotte Roberto Barbosa 
Published: July 2009

AbstractKetogenesis, inferred by the production of acetoacetate plus ß‐hydroxybutyrate, in isolated perfused livers from 24‐h fasted diabetic rats submitted to short‐term insulin‐induced hypoglycemia (IIH) was investigated. For this purpose, alloxan‐diabetic rats that received intraperitoneal regular insulin (IIH group) or saline (COG group) injection were compared. An additional group of diabetic rats which received oral glucose (gavage) (100 mg kg−1) 15 min after insulin administration (IIH + glucose group) was included. The studies were performed 30 min after insulin (1.0 U kg−1) or saline injection. The ketogenesis before octanoate infusion was diminished (p < 0.05) in livers from rats which received insulin (COG vs. IIH group) or insulin plus glucose (COG vs. IIH + glucose group). However, the liver ketogenic capacity during the infusion of octanoate (0.3 mM) was maintained (COG vs. IIH group and COG vs. IIH + glucose group). In addition, the blood concentration of ketone bodies was not influenced by the administration of insulin or insulin plus glucose. Taken together, the results showed that inspite the fact that insulin and glucose inhibits ketogenesis, livers from diabetic rats submitted to short‐term IIH which received insulin or insulin plus glucose showed maintained capacity to produce acetoacetate and ß‐hydroxybutyrate from octanoate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laccase‐Mediated Synthesis of Novel Substituted Phenoxazine Chromophores Featuring Tuneable Water Solubility
Authors: Bruyneel Frédéric , Payen Olivier , Rescigno Antonio , Tinant Bernard , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLaccases are members of the blue copper oxidases family found in nature. They commonly oxidise a wide range of phenol and aniline derivatives, which in turn are involved in oxidative coupling reactions. Yet, laccases remain rarely described as biocatalysts in organic synthesis. This paper describes the chemical preparation of original sulfonated aminophenol substrates and their enzyme‐mediated dimerisation into phenoxazine chromophores that feature tuneable water solubility as a function of the sulfonyl substituent. The scope and limitations of the biocatalysed synthetic process are outlined. Kinetic data were collected to evaluate the influence of physicochemical parameters. The structure of the novel phenoxazine dyes (“head‐to‐head” or “head‐to‐tail” dimer) was assessed by NMR spectroscopic analysis. Two crystalline compounds were analysed by X‐ray diffraction. Such laccase‐mediated synthesis (a green chemistry process) was proven to be more efficient than the chemical oxidation of o‐aminophenols with silver oxide.
Flash‐Kristallisation – Erzeugung von agglomerierfähigem kristallinem Pulver gutlöslicher Stoffsysteme
Authors: Kaiser R. , Kind M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBeim Flash‐Kristallisationsprozess werden im Kristallisationsapparat gezielt feine Kristalle (x50 ∼ 20–70 μm) hergestellt, damit aus diesen nach der Fest/Flüssig‐Trennung durch einen formgebenden Prozessschritt (Agglomeration) Partikel in gewünschter Form und Größe hergestellt werden können. Der Schwerpunkt der hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen liegt auf dem Teilbereich der Kristallisation, da für gut lösliche Stoffsysteme bisher keine Untersuchungen bekannt sind, in denen gezielt kleine Kristalle erzeugt werden. Anhand dreier Modellstoffsysteme wurden die Einflussfaktoren auf die Partikelgröße bei der Flash‐Kristallisation untersucht. Durch Untersuchungen der Reinheit, Filtrierbarkeit und Agglomerationsfähigkeit konnte mit den Untersuchungen die Machbarkeit des gesamten Flash‐Kristallisationsprozesses bestätigt werden.
Powder second harmonic generation measurement and thermal decomposition mechanisms of a new organometallic compound [(18C6)Li][Cd(SCN)3]
Authors: Zhang J. J. , Huang Y. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSingle crystals of a novel nonlinear optical organometallic compound CLTC, ([(18C6)Li][Cd(SCN)3]), were grown from aqueous solutions via evaporation technique and characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. By X‐ray single‐crystal structural analysis it is revealed that the compound crystallized in a noncentrosymmetric space group Cmc21 of orthorhombic system with cell parameter a = 14.767(3) Å, b = 15.454(3) Å, c = 10.644(2) Å, V = 2429.0(8) Å3 and Z = 4. The thermal stability and thermal decomposition of CLTC crystal were investigated by means of thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency was measured using the Kurtz and Perry powder technique. It was shown that the value of the SHG efficiency of CLCT powder was about 2 times higher than that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nano‐sized silver crystals and their dispersion over α‐alumina for ethylene epoxidation
Authors: Hassani S. Sadegh , Ghasemi M. R. , Rashidzadeh M. , Sobat Z. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEthylene oxide catalyst is a high metal loading catalyst, in which silver crystals is impregnated on α‐Al2O3 support. In this type of catalyst, metal dispersion plays an important role on catalyst selectivity for desired products. In this work, silver nitrate and silver oxide together with oxalic and lactic acid as the raw materials were used with different impregnation techniques to make catalysts with high silver content and dispersion. It is also known that the use of promoters affect the metal dispersion on the catalyst support and for that cesium was used as the promoter to improve the silver crystal dispersion. Physical and chemical characteristics of the prepared catalysts, i.e., surface area, pore volume, silver content, nano‐sized silver crystals and their dispersion were measured using BET method, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and TEM. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Signaling in the third dimension: The peripodial epithelium in eye disc development
Authors: Atkins Mardelle , Mardon Graeme 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe eye‐antennal imaginal disc of Drosophila melanogaster has often been described as an epithelial monolayer with complex signaling events playing out in two dimensions. However, the imaginal disc actually comprises two opposing epithelia (the peripodial epithelium, or PE, and the disc proper, or DP) separated by a lumen to form a sac‐like structure. Recent studies expose complex molecular interactions between the PE and the DP, and reveal dynamic communication between the two tissues. Further findings suggest the PE makes important contributions to DP development by acting as a source of signaling molecules as well as cells. Here we summarize those findings and highlight implications for further research. Developmental Dynamics 238:2139–2148, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcription factor GATA‐3 is essential for lens development
Authors: Maeda Atsuko , Moriguchi Takashi , Hamada Michito , Kusakabe Manabu , Fujioka Yuki , Nakano Takako , Yoh Keigyou , Lim Kim‐Chew , Engel James Douglas , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDuring vertebrate lens development, the anterior, ectoderm‐derived lens vesicle cells differentiate into a monolayer of epithelial cells that retain proliferative potential. Subsequently, they exit the cell cycle and give rise to posterior lens fiber cells that form the lens body. In the present study, we demonstrate that the transcription factor GATA‐3 is expressed in the posterior lens fiber cells during embryogenesis, and that GATA‐3 deficiency impairs lens development. Interestingly, expression of E‐cadherin, a premature lens vesicle marker, is abnormally prolonged in the posterior region of Gata3 homozygous mutant lenses. Furthermore, expression of γ‐crystallin, a differentiation marker for fiber cells, is reduced. This suppressed differentiation is accompanied by an abnormal cellular proliferation, as well as with diminished levels of the cell‐cycle inhibitors Cdkn1b/p27 and Cdkn1c/p57 and increased Ccnd2/cyclin D2 abundance. Thus, these observations suggest that GATA‐3 is essential for lens cells differentiation and proper cell cycle control. Developmental Dynamics 238:2280–2291, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly B lymphocyte‐specific tamoxifen inducible transgene expression of CreERT2 by using the LC‐1 locus BAC vector
Authors: Boross Peter , Breukel Cor , van Loo Pieter Fokko , van der Kaa Jos , Claassens Jill W. , Bujard Hermann , Schönig Kai , Verbeek J. Sjef 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe generation of cell type specific inducible Cre transgenic mice is the most challenging and limiting part in the development of spatio‐temporally controlled knockout mouse models. Here we report the generation and characterization of a B lymphocyte‐specific tamoxifen‐inducible Cre transgenic mouse strain, LC‐1‐hCD19‐CreERT2. We utilized the human CD19 promoter for expression of the tamoxifen‐inducible Cre recombinase (CreERT2) gene, embedded in genomic sequences previously reported to give minimal position effects after transgenesis. Cre recombinase activity was evaluated by cross‐breeding the LC‐1‐hCD19‐CreERT2 strain with a strain containing a floxed gene widely expressed in the hematopoietic system. Cre activity was only detected in the presence of tamoxifen and was restricted to B lymphocytes. The efficacy of recombination ranged from 27 to 61% in the hemizygous and homozygous mice, respectively. In conclusion, the LC‐1‐hCD19‐CreERT2 strain is a powerful tool to study gene function specifically in B lymphocytes at any chosen time point in the lifecycle of the mouse. genesis 47:729–735, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The validity and clinical utility of binge eating disorder
Authors: Wonderlich Stephen A. , Gordon Kathryn H. , Mitchell James E. , Crosby Ross D. , Engel Scott G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective:This review attempted to examine the validity and clinical utility of the DSM‐IV binge eating disorder (BED) diagnosis across a wide range of validating strategies.Method:Various electronic databases (Pub Med, Psych Info) were searched for terms relevant to the diagnosis of BED (e.g., binge eating disorder, binge eating) in order to identify papers. Additionally, published papers were reviewed in order to locate additional manuscripts and papers that were presented at meetings.Results:The validity and utility of BED varied substantially according to the validator chosen. There is reasonable evidence that BED can be differentiated from other existing eating disorders and is associated with significant impairment and clinical levels of eating disorder psychopathology. The relationship of BED to obesity is complex, and in spite of some positive findings, further research examining the predictive power of BED, beyond the simple presence of obesity and associated psychopathology, in relationship to clinically relevant outcomes is needed.Discussion:Binge eating disorder is being considered for inclusion in the DSM‐V and various options regarding this decision are reviewed based upon the empirical findings in the paper. © 2009 American Psychiatric Association.
Should amenorrhea be a diagnostic criterion for anorexia nervosa?
Authors: Attia Evelyn , Roberto Christina A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective:The removal of the amenorrhea criterion for anorexia nervosa (AN) is being considered for the fifth edition of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM‐V). This article presents and discusses the arguments for maintaining as well as those for removing the criterion.Method:The psychological and biological literatures on the utility of amenorrhea as a distinguishing diagnostic criterion for AN and as an indicator of illness severity are reviewed.Results:The findings suggest that the majority of differences among patients with AN who do and do not meet the amenorrhea criterion appear largely to reflect nutritional status. Overall, the two groups have few psychological differences. There are mixed findings regarding biological differences between those with AN who do and do not menstruate and the relationship between amenorrhea and bone health among patients with AN.Discussion:Based on these findings, one option is to describe amenorrhea in DSM‐V as a frequent occurrence among individuals with AN that may provide important information about clinical severity, but should not be maintained as a core diagnostic feature. The possibilities of retaining the criterion or eliminating it altogether are discussed. © 2009 American Psychiatric Association. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Application of genetic algorithm to travel time measurement using vehicle data provided from ultrasonic vehicle detectors
Authors: Takahashi Satoshi , Izumi Takashi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractInformation on travel time is useful in improving traffic efficiency, such as reducing traffic congestion effectively. Travel time is computed from the passage time of vehicles observed at both the origin (upstream) and destination (downstream) points. For this purpose, we are studying a vehicle identification method using vehicle height data obtained from ultrasonic vehicle detectors. However, matching methods using only the vehicle height suffer from poor identification accuracy because many similar vehicles exist on the road. Therefore, we propose a method based on matching vehicle sequences (two or more vehicles). In addition, we develop this method using a Genetic Algorithm based on traffic characteristics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(8): 43–52, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10038
Study on fabrication process parameter estimation by visual measurement
Authors: Takagi Yuji , Nakagaki Ryo , Shishido Chie , Tanaka Maki 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe cross‐sectional dimensions of the photoresist in the photolithography process are estimated from top‐down scanning electron micrographs for improved control of photolithography conditions. As semiconductor design rules shrink, strict process control is becoming increasingly important. Two primary process parameters in the photolithography process, exposure dose and focus position, require strict control in order to achieve the desired photoresist profile. The relationship between the photoresist profile and changes in these two parameters of photolithography is determined by simulation, and features suitable for estimation of the photoresist profile are identified in conventional images obtained for critical dimension monitoring. Experimental results demonstrate that process parameters can be estimated to within error of 1.0 mJ/cm2 for exposure dose and 80 nm for focus position, making the proposed method suitable for photolithography process control. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(8): 11–17, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10153
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Gramicidin S Analogues
Authors: Tuin Adriaan Willem , Palachanis Dimitrios Konstantinos , Buizert Annelies , Grotenbreg Gijsbert Marnix , Spalburg Emile , de Neeling Albert J. , Mars‐Groenendijk Roos H. , Noort Daan , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Overhand Mark 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of three new analogues of the cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptide Gramicidin S is described. These derivatives contain a modified turn region in which the DPhe‐Pro motif has been replaced by a constrained furanoid sugar amino acid or a flexible linear aminoethoxy acetic acid moiety. Structural analysis revealed conformational changes in the modified turn region compared to GS. The biological profile of these compounds however resembles that of Gramicidin S and previously described analogues.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Threshold levels, strike price grid, and other market microstructure issues associated with exchange‐traded equity options
Authors: Maberly Edwin D. , Pierce Raylene M. , Catania Patrick 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study addresses a number of important market microstructure issues associated with exchange‐traded equity options having significant research implications for studies investigating clustering on option strike prices. Price threshold levels associated with exchange listing and the automatic exercise of equity options as established by the Securities and Exchange Commission and Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) to carry out their regulatory and oversight responsibilities are examined. Significant changes are documented including motivation for such changes. Market microstructure issues potentially impact equity options research outcomes and one important issue is documenting changes over time to the strike price grid. A chronological outline of the introduction of option strike codes from April 26, 1973, through December 2008 is presented. Pricing discrepancies are documented between Standard & Poor's end‐of‐day updates (closing prices) and similar prices reported by Center for Research in Security Prices, Thompson, and Bloomberg, which is the source of ambiguities associated with the OCC's official settlement price. A number of quirks associated with option databases are identified to be of potential interest to researchers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:188–201, 2010
The information content of implied volatility: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Frijns Bart , Tallau Christian , Tourani‐Rad Alireza 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study develops an implied volatility index for the Australian stock market, termed as the AVX, and assesses its information content. The AVX is constructed using S&P/ASX 200 index options with a constant time‐to‐maturity of three months. It is observed that the AVX has a significant negative and asymmetric relationship with S&P/ASX 200 returns. When evaluating the forecasting power of the AVX for future stock market volatility, it is found that the AVX contains important information both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample. In‐sample, the AVX significantly improves the fit of a GJR‐GARCH(1, 1) model. Out‐of‐sample, the AVX significantly outperforms the RiskMetrics approach and the GJR‐GARCH(1, 1) model, with its highest forecasting power at the one‐month forecasting horizon. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:134–155, 2010