bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caries experience of Caucasian children in the Orana Region of New South Wales
Authors: Cooper M. H. , Schamschula R. G. , Craig G. G. , Wright N. T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThree expressions of cumulative caries experience: DMFT, DMFS and SR, were assessed for 801 children, aged 5 to 14 years, resident in the predominantly non‐fluoridated Orana and Far West Health Region of New South Wales. The results indicate a decreasing trend of caries which is attributed to an intensive preventive programme and is in accord with world‐wide trends reported from several developed countries.
Treatment needs of high‐school students in northern Sydney
Authors: Burton Jean , Prike Lloyd , Rob Marilyn , Lawson James S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn 1982, in two health areas of northern Sydney, 12 287 high‐school students were examined for caries. Thirty‐two per cent of students had zero DMFT, and 78 per cent had no current decay. The average DMFT was 2.6 and average DT 0.4. Both socio‐economic status and recency of visit to the dentist affected current decay — the higher the status and the more recent the visit, the less decay. The most serious unmet dental need of students was for orthodontic treatment, and again this was more pronounced amongst students from lower socioeconomic groups.
The reproducibility of the TMJ stereographic articulator
Authors: Baetz Keith , Klineberg Iven 
Published: May 2009

AbstractArticulators are designed to reproduce interocclusal relationships extra‐orally. The more accurate instruments required for more complex prosthodontic procedures allow more refined adjustments of displacement characteristics of the condyles. However, accurate setting of these variables is often difficult and time‐consuming. The stereographic articulator system develops a fossa moulding that incorporates three‐dimensional movement details for each condyle, and thus overcomes the need for fine setting of condylar adjustments. The purpose of this study was to assess the reproducibility of this articulator system.
Root surface caries: a recurrent dilemma*
Authors: Mount G. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRoot surface caries, as a separate entity, has been recognized for a long time. It appears to be related to an altered bacteriology where some actinomyces strains allow decalcification of the cementum and dentine at a higher pH than the Streptococcus mutans usually associated with active caries. The problem is generally associated with the ageing patient and the causes are outlined. Early recognition and preventive measures such as the application of topical fluoride or chlorhexidine as an oral lavage are stressed. Appropriate dental treatment is discussed including restoration using glass‐ionomer cements.
A study of the words used to describe pain
Authors: Gaffney T. J. , Foenander G. , Reade P. C. , Burrows G. D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTo gain information concerning the possible diagnostic value of the words used to describe pain, 260 consecutive patients suffering from an acute pain were asked (1) for personal data; (2) to select the words they would use to describe their pain from a list of 104 words; and (3) to complete a visual analogue scale. The words were not interpreted before grouping but the data from each questionnaire were submitted to factor analysis for grouping. The results showed that the grouping of words represented valid and reliable factors of pain and indicated thereby the possibility of developing some useful diagnostic criteria from such an approach.
Comparisons of psychological and social factors in patients with chronic oro‐facial pain and dental phobic disorders*
Authors: Gerschman Jack A. , Wright Janice L. , Hall Wayne D. , Reade Peter C. , Burrows Graham D. , Holwill Brendan J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAs part of a larger study conducted at the Oro‐Facial Pain Clinic, Department of Dental Medicine and Surgery, University of Melbourne, 130 patients with dental phobias and 368 patients with chronic orofacial pain were compared for psychological and social variables. Pain patients showed a greater burden of psychiatric disorders and were more likely to be older, married, have children, be migrants, be less educated, have poorer jobs and be more financially disadvantaged than phobic patients.
Selection for dental practice of chemical disinfectants and sterilants for hepatitis and AIDS
Authors: Cottone James A. , Molinari John A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe advent of HIV infection, AIDS, and renewed interest in hepatitis B has prompted the dental profession to become more interested in good infection control practices. This article reviews parameters which must be considered in the selection of heat sterilization techniques (autoclave, chemiclave, or dry heat) and also chemicals for disinfection and sterilization (2 per cent glutaraldehyde, quaternary ammonium compounds, iodophors, alcohol, sodium hypochlorite, and synthetic phenols). The advantages and disadvantages of each of the chemicals is listed along with recommendations for immersion sterilants/dis‐infectants and surface disinfection.
Genetics and oral health*
Authors: Pearn John , Gage John 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGenetic factors determine the potential of the final morphology of the teeth and jaws, and of the primary and secondary palates, the resistance to caries, and the composition of heritable components of saliva. Recent developments in chromosome analysis have augmented the interpretation of some genetic factors in dentistry, and have expanded concepts of simple Mendelian genetics, and of polygenic inheritance. This paper reviews some significant examples of monogenically‐determined dental disease, presents a check‐list of chromosome abnormalities with their related oro‐dental anomalies, and discusses the influence of polygenetically‐determined conditions in the maintenance of dental health.
Optimization of the mixing of dental amalgam using coherence time
Authors: Brockhurst P. J. , Culnane J. T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe amount of mixing of dental amalgam is expressed as a multiple of the Darvell Coherence Time tc. Four alloys of different type (Katalloy, Caulk Spherical, Dispersalloy and Tytin) were mixed using a high speed and a low speed amalgamator respectively. The standard test properties were determined for mixing in the range 1–20 tc.It is shown that amalgam mixing can be usefully expressed as multiples of coherence time, and that mixing for five times coherence time produces near to optimum test properties for the alloys tested.
Provisional coronal build‐up of posterior teeth for endodontic treatment. Case report
Authors: Bass E. V. , Kafalias M. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA technique using a glass‐cermet cement for preendodontic coronal build‐up of badly broken‐down teeth is described. This glass‐cermet cement fulfils the more specific requirements of a material used in coronal build‐ups of a less permanent nature without damage to existing tooth structure and satisfies the requirements of endodontic procedures. The technique allows for endodontic therapy to be commenced immediately and facilitates canal instrumentation.
The electromagnetic spectrum and the dentist. A biophysical review
Authors: Buch Brian , Touyz Louis Z. G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMany benefits in contemporary society are frequently and widely derived from electromagnetic energy. Most practising dentists employ at least a few different modalities of electromagnetic energy while others are all used in everyday living. Explanations, guidance and advice are frequently sought from professionals who may be using electromagnetic energy in any form.This review attempts to provide a brief biophysical overview of those aspects of electromagnetic energy which are relevant to clinicians. This may prove useful to dentists as a clear, orientating summary of the spectrum of energies used in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures and also for rendering some explanation aimed at allaying alarm, anxiety or concern from enquiring patients.
Three‐dimensional measurements of the occlusal surfaces of the upper molars in Australian Aboriginals
Authors: Ozaki T. , Kanazawa E. , Sekikawa M. , Akai J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOcclusal features of the upper first molars of Australian Aboriginals were measured in three‐dimensions with the aid of moiré contourography. The heights of the three principal molar cusps in this population were greater than in Japanese (Mongoloid) but less than in Dutch (Caucasoid) populations. Intercuspal distances were considerably greater than in the two other populations, a reflection of the larger mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters in the Aboriginals. The observed racial differences in occlusal surface features are discussed in relation to general craniofacial morphology, dental occlusion and the mechanics of jaw movements during mastication.
A study of dentofacial morphology in South Australian twins
Authors: Brown T. , Townsend G. C. , Richards L. C. , Travan G. R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA study of the dentofacial characteristics of South Australian twins commenced in 1983. Methods described include procedures for the acquisition, display and analysis of data in two and three dimensional formats. A preliminary account of facial asymmetry in a pair of monozygous twin boys revealed some interesting aspects of mirror‐imaging and demonstrated the application of a shape‐fitting routine to investigations of facial morphology.
Periodontal healing with citric acid and fibronectin treatment in cats
Authors: Ryan P. Clark , Waring C. , Seymour G. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe glycoprotein fibronectin is thought to act as a biological adhesive and may be useful in attaining fibrous reattachment following periodontal surgery. In the present study the effects of fibronectin, with and without citric acid preconditioning of the root surfaces, were studied following periodontal surgery in cats. The experimental procedures included treatment of exposed root surfaces with citric acid, citric acid and fibronectin together or fibronectin alone, while the control tooth was root planed only. The effects were assessed in the laboratory 24 to 28 days after surgery. When citric acid and fibronectin were applied together, no epithelial proliferation along the root surface occurred and there was evidence suggesting a new fibrous tissue reattachment. Citric acid alone resulted in some new attachment at the base of the defect but epithelium had proliferated along the root surface. When fibronectin was used alone, the epithelium proliferated but there was evidence of windows of connective tissue reattachment to the root surface. Root planing in control teeth was followed by epithelial proliferation to the extent of the root planing. These results suggest that fibronectin when used in combination with citric acid demineralization may lead to enhanced connective tissue reattachment.
The dental status of four‐year‐old children in the Brunswick Child Development Study
Authors: Calache H. , Wright F. A. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis dental survey was undertaken as part of the Brunswick Child Development Study to investigate the way in which family functioning affected infant health, growth and development in a poor socioeconomic, multi‐ethnic municipality of Melbourne. Two‐hundred‐and‐sixteen mothers were interviewed and 202 children (aged four years) were examined in 1982. Sixty‐two per cent of the children in the study were caries‐free. This appeared to be associated with the implementation of water fluoridation in Melbourne. Of the remaining 38 per cent, a high‐risk group was identified which appeared related to the ethnic background and educational level of the mothers. Children of Lebanese and/or Turkish mothers appeared to have the poorest oral health status and the highest restorative dental treatment needs. Gingival inflammation was of relatively high prevalence but low severity. It is suggested that the Bleeding Component of the Cowell Gingival Index appears to be a sensitive test for the detection of early inflammatory change of gingival tissues in children.
Attitudes to the training and utilization of dental auxiliaries in Western Australia*
Authors: Burman Neil T. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA postal survey was conducted amongst members of the Western Australian Branch of the Australian Dental Association, their dental therapists and chairside assistants. Information was sought on the utilization of auxiliaries, career fulfilment by auxiliaries, and the preferred types of auxiliary for private practice. Results showed a substantial under‐utilization of the operative capabilities of dental therapists and a high degree of lack of career fulfilment for therapists was evident.
The implementation of a problem‐oriented treatment plan
Authors: Käyser Arnd F. , Battistuzzi Pasquale G. F. C. M. , Snoek Peter A. , Plasmans Paul J. , Spanauf Adam J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this article the motives for, and the characteristics and the structure of the problem‐oriented approach in treatment planning are presented. The differences, compared with the traditional, morphologically‐oriented approach are shown. The strategy used in the problem‐oriented planning is described and demonstrated with a clinical case. Important advantages of this method are the objectivity of treatment planning and the elimination of overtreatment.
Posterior edentulousness and the prescription of partial dentures
Authors: Spratley M. H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe data from a dental health survey of a sample of the Brisbane population have been analysed with respect to posterior edentulousness and the wearing and prescription of partial dentures. Results indicated posterior edentulousness to be far more common in the lower arch with only a small proportion of subjects wearing partial dentures. Prescription rates were low except in those cases of a partially edentulous lower arch opposing a complete maxillary denture. There were no discernible differences in the prescription pattern of dentists regardless of experience.
Professionally defined dental treatment needs of middle‐aged and older patients attending 21 general practitioners, as related to tooth retention
Authors: Mount Graham , Walker Brian , Roder David 
Published: May 2009

AbstractData from routine examinations of 497 45–89 year old patients attending 21 South Australian general dental practitioners showed a positive association of the degree of tooth retention with the frequency of dental visits, the seeking of care for a check‐up or preventive service (as opposed to a curative service) and professionally defined needs for prophylaxes and restorative care, particularly complex restorative care. Degree of tooth retention among dentate subjects was negatively related to the need for extractions, especially extractions for periodontal reasons, and to the need for denture services. The importance of using data from general dental practices as well as population‐based surveys when assessing workforce requirements and when reviewing the appropriate content of undergraduate and postgraduate education programmes has been emphasized.
Measures taken to reduce X‐ray exposure of the patient, operator, and staff
Authors: Monsour P. A. , Kruger B. J. , Barnes A. , Sainsbury A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA survey of private general dental practitioners was conducted to determine the use of radiation safety measures to reduce X‐ray exposure of the patients, staff and operator. Data are presented on the use of lead aprons, thyroid protectors, fast films, film holders, and alternative methods to X‐rays for detecting dental caries, as well as information on the handling of pregnant patients and women of child‐bearing age, the position of the operator and staff in relation to the patient during X‐ray exposures, the use and construction of protective barriers, the use of monitoring badges, and the frequency with which radiographs are held by the operator during the exposure. Data are also presented on the number of intra‐oral and extra‐oral radiographs taken per week and the frequency of bite‐wing examinations. The relevance of the above practices to radiation hygiene is discussed.
Comparison of denture acrylic resins cured by boiling water and microwave energy
Authors: Truong V.‐T. , Thomasz F. G. V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTransverse strength, hardness, water sorption, loss of mass by leaching and porosity were measured in accordance with Australian Standards on acrylic denture base resins cured by boiling water and microwave energy. The level of residual monomer measured by extraction in acetone and the degree of cross‐linking by immersion in chloroform were also studied. Results indicated similar physical properties and identical microstructures in the resins cured by the two methods. Using a previously recommended microwave curing programme, porosity was observed in thick specimens with a cross‐section of 14 mm × 10 mm. However, the microwave programme can be optimized to prevent porosity without prolonging the curing time or sacrificing the physical properties of the resins by starting the curing process at low wattage.
Dental health of children in Australia, 1977–1985
Authors: Carr L. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDental caries and oral hygiene indices for school children aged four to 13 years have been determined each year since 1977. This report is based on 6 228 972 examinations. For children aged six to 13 years the mean DIMF indices declined by 59.3 per cent. For 12‐year‐old children the mean DIMF indices declined from 4.79 in 1977 to 2.13 in 1985; it is calculated that the DIMF index for this age group will be 1.5 in 1991. While a major decline in dental caries has been observed, a significant proportion of children continue to have a caries problem. Girls of all ages had lower mean oral hygiene indices than boys; the index for girls and boys combined declined by 26 per cent in the period 1977 to 1985.
A personal filing system for indexing reprints, documents, and other items
Authors: Brown T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA personal filing system for storing and retrieving reprints or other documents according to author, category or year of publication is described. The system incorporates a master file of all items and secondary reference files sorted in order of authors or categories of information. Manual or computer‐based versions of the system permit speedy and reliable retrieval of items even from master files containing thousands of references.
Transmission illumination of teeth. A system for operative dentistry procedures
Authors: Hunt Diane R. , Makinson O. F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn an in vitro trial, transillumination provided good, comfortable vision of an operating area both during cavity preparation and the insertion of adhesive restorative materials. Secondly, transillumination provided better differentiation of hard tissues and their condition than incident illumination; this was particularly noticeable in deciding on the presence of caries at the dentino‐enamel junction. The most suitable colour was in the green range of the spectrum and a variable intensity control was desirable. With refinement, this system could facilitate operative dentistry particularly for difficult situations.
A controlled comparison of effectiveness of bupivacaine for post‐operative pain control
Authors: Chapman P. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe advantages of using long‐acting local anaesthetics in oral surgery have been demonstrated in a limited number of clinical trials. The present study involved a double‐blind cross‐over trial of 20 patients who underwent surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar teeth on separate occasions. For one side lignocaine was used, for the other bupivacaine. Pain was assessed at 4, 8 and 12 hours post‐operatively and mean pain scores at these times were compared. The mean analgesic requirements over the first 12 hours were also compared. Results showed that there was a significant reduction in the amount of pain experienced with bupivacaine and a significant patient preference for that agent.
Interleukin‐1 stimulates proteoglycan and hyaluronic acid production by human gingival fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Bartold P. Mark 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe effect of recombinant interleukin 1β [IL‐1β] on proteoglycan and hyaluronic acid synthesis by human gingival fibroblasts has been investigated. It was found to stimulate gingival fibroblast proliferation in a dose dependent fashion with the midpoint of this response being in the 10−11 mol/L range. At a concentration of 10−11 mol/L, IL‐1β stimulated proteoglycan synthesis by 40 per cent. Although IL‐1β can stimulate cell proliferation and prostaglandin synthesis, its effect on proteoglycan synthesis was independent of these parameters. The kinetics of proteoglycan degradation in the presence or absence of IL‐1β was monitored by pulse chase experiments and were found not to differ between treated and untreated cultures. The molecular size and carbohydrate composition of the proteoglycans was not affected by IL‐1β. Additional studies revealed the synthesis of hyaluronic acid was also stimulated by IL‐1β. As for the proteoglycans, inhibition of cell proliferation did not affect the stimulatory effect of IL‐1β. However, blockage of prostaglandin synthesis abolished the stimulatory effect of IL‐1β on hyaluronic acid synthesis. The effect of IL‐1β on hyaluronic acid synthesis was found to be related to elevated levels of the enzyme hyaluronate synthetase. Molecular size analysis of newly synthesized hyaluronic acid revealed that cells treated with IL‐1β synthesized more large molecular mass hyaluronic acid. Taken together, these findings are considered to reflect the ability of gingival fibroblasts to respond to inflammatory mediators in a manner indicative of early tissue repair.
The reproducibility of gnathosonic recordings over time
Authors: Freer T. J. , Smith A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGnathosonic recordings are obtained on rapid closure of the teeth to occlusion. A general relationship between gnathosonic tracings and occlusal contact patterns has been demonstrated. Variation of gnathosonic recordings over time for the same individual has not been satisfactorily investigated. The present study suggests that recordings taken at the same sitting are relatively reproducible but reproducibility over time is not high. The series of recordings obtained in this study suggests caution when interpreting a single series of gnathosonic tracings.
Clinical requirements for a successful ‘sandwich’— dentine to glass ionomer cement to composite resin*
Authors: Mount G. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe composite resins are now being used extensively in restorative dentistry although there are still some problems remaining. Long‐term prevention of microleakage continues to be an area of controversy particularly in relation to the margins between dentine and composite resin. Chemical adhesion between glass ionomer cement and dentine is accepted as being a long‐term union and it has recently been shown that a mechanical union is possible between composite resin and glass ionomer cement. This has led to the development of the so‐called ‘sandwich technique’ where glass ionomer cement is used as a lining under composite resin restorations particularly where the cavo‐surface margin is in dentine.This paper discusses the various levels of adhesion in the ‘sandwich’ and suggests the best methods of obtaining optimum results from the clinical application of the technique. Particular attention is drawn to the wide variation in the strength of the union depending on the materials used and the methods of handling.