bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions to the Stratigraphy and Palæontology of the Globigerina-limestones of the Maltese Islands
Authors: Cooke J. H. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

A Bibliography of the
Globigerina
–limestones is followed by some remarks on the physical features and general distribution of the strata. The limestones are divided into nine subdivisions, lettered A to I, the former being uppermost. Four seams of phosphatic nodules form the subdivisions B, D, G, and I, and local nodule–bands also occur in E. The subdivision G serves as a line of demarcation between the Langhian Series (Miocene) and the Aquitanian (Oligocene). Details of the lithological and palæontological characters of the various subdivisions are given, and the Author concludes that I and the lower part of H were laid down on a sinking sea–floor, in about 300 fathoms of water; that the upper part of H and G, F, E, D, composed to a large extent of
Globigerina
and other pelagic organisms, were probably deposited in about 1000 fathoms; while C, B, and A were probably laid down, like I and the lower part of H, in about 300 fathoms of water.
On a Phosphatic Chalk with Holaster planus at Lewes
Authors: Strahan A. 
Published: October 2009

In 1891 I described before this Society a phosphatic chalk which occurred near the top of the Upper Chalk of Taplow, and resembled the deposits long known and worked in Belgium and the North of France, but not up to that time recognized in this country. Up to the present, in spite of much searching, no other occurrence of this rock has been recorded in England, but during the summer of 1895 Mr. John Rhodes, fossil collector to the Geological Survey, while engaged in collecting from the great chalk-pits near Lewes, noticed a thin band bearing a strong resemblance to the Taplow phosphatic chalk. At the request of the Director-General I visited the spot ,and made the following notes.
The pit, which is marked on the 6–inch and 1–inch (new series) Ordinance maps as the Southerham Pit, lies on the south–western side of the high downs of Upper Chalk which overlook Lewes from the east. A somewhat marked syncline traverses the central part of these hills in an east–and–west direction. Thus Lewes, situated nearly on the synclinal axis, stands on Upper Chalk, but both to the north and south of the Downs the Middle and Lower Chalk emerge with southerly and northerly dips respectively. The Southerham Pit extends from the Middle to high up in the Upper Chalk, but the workings in the Middle Chalk have been abandoned and are partly obscured. A small bank, however, at the eastern end of the long line of limekilns affords a good view
Discovery of Mammalian Remains in the Old River-gravels of the Derwent near Derby. —Part I.
Authors: Arnold-Bemrose H. H. 
Published: October 2009

These remains were discovered under the yard of the Crown Inn at Allenton, not quite 3 miles south of Derby. In March, 1895, Messrs. Offiler & Co. were sinking a well there for drinking-water. When it was partly bricked in, a strong unpleasant smell was noticed, several large bones were discovered, and the well was, in consequence, abandoned. The water rose very rapidly, and only twenty-one bones or fragments were taken out. These included the left femur of an artiodactyle, several vertebræ or portions of vertebræ, and fragments of ribs. The writers obtained them from Messrs. Offiler & Co., and after examination decided to excavate for the remainder. The funds necessary to defray the expenses were readily obtained from a few local gentlemen, on condition that the bones should be finally placed in the Borough Museum. The work was commenced on April 8th and entrusted to Mr. Durant, builder. During the day a hole, 8 x 6 feet, was dug through the clay, and the water rose in it to within 6 feet of the surface. On the second day the hole was deepened through the clay and sand to the top of the gravel (9 feet 8 inches below the surface). One complete bone and twelve small pieces, probably from the head, were obtained.
On the third day the clay was tunnelled on the eastern and northern sides, the total area excavated at the bottom being about 11 by 9 feet. The tunnelling was rendered necessary because of the
The Lingula-Flags and Igneous Rocks of the Neighbourhood of Dolgelly
Authors: Lake Philip , Reynolds S. H. 
Published: October 2009

I. Introduction.

The magnificent section displayed in the precipitous northern face Cader Idris has attracted the attention of many geologists, and has proved so seductive that the lower-lying country to the north has been almost neglected. It is with the latter that we are concerned. Here the
Lingula
-Flags are well developed, and are associated with contemporaneous volcanic rocks and with remarkable intrusive masses of diabase.

But little has yet been published concerning these rocks. Belt in his classical paper upon the
Lingula
-Flags has dealt with the general sequence in the district, and refers to several localities in the neighbourhood of Dolgelly. Cole and Jennings have examined the rocks immediately south of the area covered by our map, and they were led to believe that the volcanic eruptions of this region began at least as early as the Tremadoc period; but, as they remark, the point requires further investigation. We are able to justify their belief, for we have discovered a well-defined band of andesitic :lava in the
Lingula
-Flags themselves.

Several references to the region will also be found in the Geological Survey Memoir on North Wales; and the account of the
Lingula
-Flags in the Palæontological Appendix is in this respect of particular interest.

II. Description of the Area.
The area with which this paper deals lies south and west of Dolgelly, between the Arthog road and the hill called Mynydd Gader, which stands in front of the precipices of Cader Idris.
The town of Dolgelly stands in the valley of
On the Classification of the Strata between the Kimeridgian and Aptian
Authors: Pavlow Alexis P. 
Published: October 2009

I. Schemes of Classification
In the paper on the Speeton fauna, forming a part of the work which I wrote in conjunction with Mr. G. W. Lamplugh, I attempted to correlate the Upper Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous horizons of Speeton with their equivalents in Russia and in different parts of Europe, and to give a general scheme of classification of these beds.This scheme may be briefly stated as follows.

The Kimeridgian zone of
Hoplites pseudomutabilis
and
Aspidoceras acanthicum
is common to different countries of Europe. Above this zone in the Meridional province repose the marine beds of the Tithonic stage, terminating the Jurassic.These beds comprise two substages—the Lower Tithonic, which contains two fossil-zones; and the Upper Tithonic, also containing two zones. To this Tithonic stage corresponds in Southern England the Portland stage
sensu lato
, including the Lower marine series (Portland,
sensu stricto
, or Bononian Series), and the Upper freshwater Portland or Purbeck. In Northern France and partly in Southern England three fossil-zones can be distinguished in the marine Portland, namely, the zone of
Ammonites portlandicus
and
Bleicheri
, the zone of
Virgati
, and the zone of
A. giganteus
. In Yorkshire the equivalents of this series are condensed, and moreover the freshwater Purbeck is replaced by marine beds with
Belemnites lateralis
, deposited in a separate boreal marine basin. To designate these uppermost horizons of the Jurassic in its marine development, I proposed the name ‘Aquilonian’ stage or substage, including in this term the zone or zones of
Ammonites fragilis
and nodiger
Glacial Deposits, Preglacial Valleys, and Interglacial Lake-Formations in Subalpine Switzerland
Authors: Du Riche Preller C. S. 
Published: October 2009

I. Introduction.
In a paper which I had the honour of reading before the Society last session, as well as in another previously published in the Geological Magazine, I described in detail a variety of glacial deposits near the lakes of Constance, Zürich, Zug, and Thun, including several of those extensive and remarkable accumulations of glacio-fluviatile conglomerate which are the indirect product of land-ice and, together with intervening moraine and interglacial deposits, afford conclusive evidence of three separate and general glaciations not only of the Alps, but more or less of the Swiss. lowlands.
The numerous sections of which I exhibited diagrams, revealed the apparently singular phenomenon that in the Zürich district the older glacio-fluviatile conglomerates generally crown the ridges of the Subalpine Molasse hills, and the younger gravel-beds occur at lower levels; while in the Lorze valley near Zug, and in the Kander valley near Thun, the position is reversed—that is, the older gravels, resting in the former locality on glacial clay andMolasse, and in the latter on glacial clay and Triassic beds, appear at the bottom, and are, with intermediate alternations of moraine, overlain by the younger series. From this marked contrast, it might be inferred that at the time of the deposition of the older gravels, the principal valleys in the last-named districts—that is, the basins of the Reuss and Aare,—were already eroded approximately to their present depth, whereas the Zürich valley was as yet non-existent or, at any rate, very imperfectly formed; so much so,
The Kildare Inlier
Authors: Reynolds S. H. , Gardiner C. I. 
Published: October 2009

I.Introduction. The Geological Survey of Ireland, in 1858, published a memoir describing the geology of the Kildare Hills and neighbouring country. In this memoir are given lists of fossils from the limestone and from an underlying ash-bed, attention is drawn to the resemblance which some of the igneous rocks bear to those of Lambay Island, and reference is made to the presence of a northand-south fault dividing the inlier into two portions.
In 1877 Messrs. Harkness and Nicholson, in their paper on the Strata between the Borrowdale Series and,Coniston Flags,’ give some account of the Kildare rocks. They mention that the limestone is in the direct line of strike of contemporaneous beds at Portraine, near Dublin, and also of the Coniston Limestone of the Lake District. Moreover they judge from the strike of the Kildare limestone that it is faulted against the rocks east of it, and note that the beds west of the north-and-south fault above mentioned are entirely dissimilar to those lying east of it.
The area has been repeatedly referred to by Mr. J. E. Marr in his various papers on the Coniston Limestone Series of the Lake District. In them he draws special attention to the resemblance between the Keisley Limestone and that of the Chair of Kildare. II. General. Description of the Area. The Carboniferous limestone to the south-west of Dublin has been thrown into a series of gentle undulations, and to the north and north-west of the town of Kildare the crest of one
On Foliated Granites and their Relations to the Crystalline Schists in Eastern Sutherland
Authors: Horne J. , Greenly E. 
Published: October 2009

I. Introduction. The detailed mapping of the eastern portion of the County of Sutherland by the Geological Survey has shown that the crystalline schists of that region are extensively penetrated by granites, more or less foliated, which are apparently linked to some extent with the present crystalline characters of these schists. Some of the features presented by these foliated granites have already been described by previous observers.
In 1862 Prof. Harkness remarked that the mode of occurrence of the granites in the east of Sutherland rather tends to the conclusion that the sedimentary rocks were elevated, flexured, and contorted previous to the period when the granites made their appearance in the sedimentary rocks, and that these granites have conformed in their course to the strike of the previously elevated strata. He further observes that here are abundant features which would support the conclusion that granite is in this district rather the result of an excessive amount of metamorphic action than a plutonic rock as regards its origin.
In 1869 the Rev. Dr. Joass stated that he was inclined to regard the granites in the Kildonan region as partly intrusive and partly metamorphic. He further noted that in the most richly auriferous localities certain granitoid rocks, chiefly felspathic, are so intimately connected by interlamination with the flaggy quartzose strata that they almost appear to be the result of metamorphic action upon true sedimentary rocks of the quartzose series, or contemporaneous effusions of plutonic rock. This granitiform rock appears at least in
Dundry
1
Hill: its Upper Portion, or the Beds marked as Inferior Oolite (g 5) in the Maps of the Geological Survey.
Authors: Buckman S. S. , Wilson E. 
Published: October 2009

The following facts and conclusions have been brought forward in this paper:—

1.

That at Dundry Hill the sequence of strata laid down during the Bathonian–Bajocian ages is incomplete, because there is no deposit to represent the time of the
niortensis
or
Humphriesiani
hemeræ; in fact, during these hemeræ denudation was in progress at Dundry.

2.

That all the strata of the Aalenian and Bajocian ages have been removed from the eastern end of the hill, so that strata of Bathonian date (
Garantianæ
hemera) rest non-sequentially upon deposits laid down during the Dumortieriæ hemera.

3.
That this removal has been effected by denudation in Bajocian and even post–Bajocian time.

4.
That strata equivalent to what are called elsewhere Midford Sands, Upper Lias, and Middle Lias (Marlstone) are present in the hill, the two former attaining a maximum thickness of more than 60 feet, while the Marlstone crops out at many points along the flanks of the range.

5.

That the officers of the Geological Survey have apparently confounded the Marlstone Rock (an ironshot oolite of the date of the
spinati
hemera) with the well-known Ironshot Oolite (of the date of the
Sauzei
hemera), a bed nearly 100 feet higher up.

6.
That in consequence of this mistake they have, round the greater part of the hill, drawn the base of the Inferior Oolite as far below the Marlstone as this base ought to have been drawn if
Additional Note on the Sections near the Summit of the Furka Pass (Switzerland)
Authors: Bonney T. G. 
Published: October 2009

In 1894 I gave an account of certain sections in the valley of the Reuss (Switzerland) where a somewhat schistose white marble is associated with phyllites and limestone of Jurassic age. But of that on the Furka Pass. as then stated, the description was incomplete, as I had been compelled, owing to unfavourable weather, to be content with a hurried glance at that part of the infold which is on the western side of the summit. Here the road, curving round from a W.S.W. to W.N.W. direction, cuts across the apparent strike of the sedimentary rocks, and then quits them to run over the gneiss. It was the western end of the triangle thus formed a piece measuring perhaps 400 yards in length by 250 at the widest part. which I had been unable to examine. But in the summer of 1895 I walked up to the top of the pass from the valley of the Rhone, in company with my friend the Rev. E. Hill, whose kind help I gladly acknowledge, and completed the examination of the western side. besides going over parts of the area which I had visited on the former occasion. A few additional facts were obtained, which may be worth bringing to the notice of the Society, for, although they are not conclusive as to the relation of the marble to the Jurassic rock, they throw, I think, some light upon the question.
On the western side of the pass, to speak first of the
The Fauna of the Keisley Limestone.—Part II. Conclusion.
Authors: Reed F. R. Cowper 
Published: October 2009

Ostracoda
Of the rich fauna of ostracods which Prof. T. Rupert Jones has described from Kildare I have, after careful search, been able to determine only the following two at Keisley:—
Primitia m'coyi, Salter

This is the form which many previous observers have recorded as
Cythere phaseolus
(His.), but it is a mistaken identification, as Prof. Rupert Jones (
loc. cir.
) has shown. The species is as abundant at Keisley as it is at Kildare.

Cythere wrightiana, Jones
This is a rare form at Keisley, only two or three specimens having so far been found.
Brachiopoda

Obolella
cf.
Nitens, Hisinger

A small transversely-oval shell, with a longitudinal groove from the beak to the anterior margin, appears to belong to this Swedish species. The shell is very thin, and marked with only a few concentric lines of growth; the braehial valve, which here is alone preserved, is much flattened, has a small pointed beak near the margin, an almost straight hinge-line, and a distinct lon~tudinal groove running from the beak to the front edge. The brachial valve of this species figured by Lindstrtöm corresponds very closely in shape and other characters with our Keisley specimen, but the pedicle-valves there delineated are subcircular, and described as shield-shaped, though the breadth is given as twice the length. The species is found in the
Trinucleus
-schists of Sweden. Our specimen measures 2 millim, in length and 3 in breadth.

Orbiculoidea sp
A small circular pedicle-valve, ornamented with rather coarse concentric striæ. and possessing a central elevated
Another Possible Cause of the Glacial Epoch
Authors: Hull Edward 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In the introductory portion of the paper the Author gives an account of the submarine topography of the area east of North America, and summarizes Dr. J. W. Spencer's work upon a submerged Antillean continent; he then deals with the effects which would be produced upon the Gulf Stream by the uprising of this continent in the Glacial Period, and maintains that, as the current could not pass into the Gulf of Mexico (being debarred by a coast of high continental land), it would flow directly northwards into the North Atlantic, and thereby be deprived of about 10° (Fahr.) of heat: the effects of which may be practically illustrated by supposing the isothermal line of 32° to take the place of that of 42° in the northern hemisphere. He argues that the increased snowfall which would thus be caused over certain areas would tend to intensify the cold through all the adjoining tracts.
To the effects produced in this way must be added those due to the elevation of the land of Eastern North America and to an elevation of North-western Europe, which is supposed to have occurred at the end of Pliocene times. These elevations would intensify the glaciation caused by the difference of direction taken by the Gulf Stream.
On some Superficial Deposits in Cutch
Authors: Blake J. F. 
Published: October 2009

During a recent visit to Cutch for the purpose of studying the Jurassic rocks there exposed, my attention was naturally attracted to a number of superficial deposits, which in some cases concealed, and in others were associated with, the solid rocks beneath. I cannot pretend to have made an exhaustive study of them, as I have only examined such parts as may be found in the Jurassic area; but these have suggested certain theories of their origin, which I have not seen proposed elsewhere, and as these theories depend on observations which I do not find recorded, it may at least be hoped that an account of such observations may throw light on the origin of the deposits. The matters with which I propose to deal may be classed under the following heads:—

(1)
Subrecent concrete.

(2)
The boulder-beds associated with this concrete.

(3)
Infratrappean grits.

(4)
Laterite.

(5)
Alluvium and Ran.
Of all these, except No. 2, there are to be found brief descriptions in Mr. A. B. Wynne's memoir on the geology of Cutch, but, as a rule, that author does not venture on any suggestion as to their origin, and in no case does he appeal to the particular causes to which I have been led to refer them.

Of all these, except No. 2, there are to be found brief descriptions in Mr. A. B. Wynne's
memoir on the geology of Cutch
The Red Rocks near Bunmahon on the Coast of Co. Waterford
Authors: Reed F. R. Cowper 
Published: October 2009

There are a few patches of red sandstone, shale, and conglomerate on the coast of Co. Waterford whose age has been the subject of much divergence of opinion, owing to the obscurity of their stratigraphical relations and isolated positions. A recent visit which I paid to these parts enabled me to collect evidence which seems to my mind to settle their age conclusively.
The earliest description of these rocks with which I am acquainted was published by Mr. J. Hodgson Holdsworth in 1833. He maintained the view that they were of the same age as the ‘great conglomerate-formation’ of the Monovoulagh or Comeragh Mountains, which he rightly ascribed to the Old Red Sandstone. He pointed out also the fact that they rest unconformably on the ‘Silurian’ rocks.
The next mention of these beds is by Mr. T. Weaver in 1835, when he described a gradual passage from the greenstone rocks into the red sandstone ‘through the medium of a compound conglomerate’ of greenstone with red sandstone-fragments and of red sandstone with greenstone-fragments. Thus he apparently favoured the view of their ‘Silurian’ age.
Mr. J. Beete Jukes in 1852 put forward the view that these patches were blocks of Old Red Sandstone let into the ‘Silurian’ rocks of the coast by complicated faults.
In 1860 Messrs. W. B. Brownrigg and Theo. Cooke, in a brief description of the coast, accepted the view that these patches are faulted masses of Old Red Sandstone.
In the Geological Survey memoir of this district
On the Association of Sigillaria and Glossopteris in South Africa
Authors: Seward A. C. 
Published: October 2009

The fossil plants which form the subject of this paper were forwarded to me by Mr. David Draper, of Johannesburg, and my thanks are due to him for affording me the opportunity of making the following contribution to the palæeobotany of the Southern Hemisphere.
The localities from which the specimens were obtained are briefly described in the foregoing communication by Mr. Draper, who expresses the view that the beds of each horizon are probably of the same geological age, namely, the lower portion of the Stormberg Beds of Dunn. The evidence afforded by the plants is, however, strongly in favour of a lower horizon; it points to a Permo-Carboniferous rather than a Triassic age. The interesting association of genera brought to light by Mr. Draper's discoveries, and its significance from the point of view of geological age and plant-distribution, will be best discussed after a description of the individual species.

The following are the principal localities from which the plants were obtained:— (1) Boschmans Fontein and Maggies Mine in the: Middelburg district, Transvaal; (2) Casey's Township (Francis), 2 miles south of Johannesburg; and (3) Vereeniging, about 30 miles south of Johannesburg. In a paper by Schmeisser on South African minerals there is a reference to the occurrence of
Glossopteris
and
Schizoneura
in the Middelburg district at the: Holfontein Colliery. The rocks are spoken of as belonging to the Stormberg Series. From the second locality, under the name of ‘Francis,’ M. Zeiller has recently described the following species:—
Glossopteris Browniana
, Brongn.,
G.