bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic analysis of adenosquamous/squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder
Authors: Kim Woo Seok , Jang Kee‐Taek , Choi Dong Wook , Choi Seoung Ho , Heo Jin Seok , You Dong Do , Lee Hyung Geun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgrounds and ObjectivesAdenosquamous/squamous cell carcinoma (AS/SCC) of the gallbladder is rarely encountered and accounts for 1.4–10.6% of all gallbladder carcinomas (GBCs). This study was conducted to investigate the clinicopathologic features of AS/SCC of gallbladder.MethodsThe authors retrospectively reviewed 16 cases of pathologically proven AS/SCC of the gallbladder among 404 patients who underwent surgery for GBC from October 1994 to March 2009. Forty‐eight conventional GBC patients were selected as controls after matching for age and gender.ResultsMean patient age was 60.2 years and half were male. Tumor stages in the case group were significantly more advanced than the control group (P < 0.001). R0 resection rates in cases and controls were 50% and 81.2% (P = 0.022). Overall 1‐year survival in the case group was significantly poorer than in the control group (18.8% vs. 87.3%, P < 0.001). However, no significant difference in disease‐free survival rates was found between cases and controls after R0 resection (P = 0.072).ConclusionsAS/SCC of the gallbladder is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, which results in non‐curative surgical resection and a poorer prognosis than conventional GBC. However, curative surgical resection of AS/SCC of the gallbladder might result in disease‐free survival rates that are comparable with those of conventional GBC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:239–242. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrogen sulphide: novel opportunity for drug discovery
Authors: Martelli Alma , Testai Lara , Breschi Maria Cristina , Blandizzi Corrado , Virdis Agostino , Taddei Stefano , Calderone Vincenzo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHydrogen sulphide (H2S) is emerging as an important endogenous modulator, which exhibits the beneficial effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the cardiovascular (CV) system, without producing toxic metabolites. H2S is biosynthesized in mammalian tissues by cystathionine‐β‐synthase and cystathionine‐γ‐lyase. H2S exhibits the antioxidant properties of inorganic and organic sulphites, behaving as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species. There is also clear evidence that H2S triggers other important effects, mainly mediated by the activation of ATP‐sensitive potassium channels (KATP). This mechanism accounts for the vasorelaxing and cardioprotective effects of H2S. Furthermore, H2S inhibits smooth muscle proliferation and platelet aggregation. In non‐CV systems, H2S regulates the functions of the central nervous system, as well as respiratory, gastroenteric, and endocrine systems. Conversely, H2S deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Likewise, impairment of H2S biosynthesis is involved in CV complications associated with diabetes mellitus. There is also evidence of a cross‐talk between the H2S and the endothelial NO pathways. In particular, recent observations indicate a possible pathogenic link between deficiencies of H2S activity and the progress of endothelial dysfunction. These biological aspects of endogenous H2S have led several authors to look at this mediator as “the new NO” that has given attractive opportunities to develop innovative classes of drugs. In this review, the main biological actions of H2S are discussed. Moreover, some examples of H2S‐donors are shown, as well as some hybrids, in which H2S‐releasing moieties are added to well‐known drugs, for improving their pharmacodynamic profile or reducing the potential for adverse effects, are reported.
NMR spectral assignments of two sterols from a soft coral Sinularia brassica
Authors: Ou Yun‐Fu , Xu Shi‐Hai , Yin Ping‐He , Peng Cai‐Hua , Liao Liu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTwo new steroids, named 4α,22‐dimethyl‐Cholest‐22‐en‐3β‐ol (1) and 4α‐methyl‐Cholest‐7,22‐dien‐3β‐ol (2), along with two known steroids, were isolated from the soft coral Sinularia brassica. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (MS, 1H and 13C NMR, 1H1H COSY, 13C1H COSY, HMBC and NOESY) analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability in geomechanics, experimental and numerical analyses
Authors: Laouafa F. , Prunier F. , Daouadji A. , Gali H. Al , Darve F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOne of the main onsequences of the nonassociative character of plastic strains in geomaterials is the existence of failure states strictly inside the Mohr–Coulomb plastic limit surface. This point is first emphasized by considering proportional strain loading paths as generalizations of the classical undrained triaxial path. It is shown that the sign of the second‐order work is a proper criterion for analyzing these particular failure states. Then, experimental results and theoretical curves (obtained from an incrementally nonlinear constitutive relation) are compared for the case of proportional stress paths in axisymmetric conditions. Main features of the second‐order work criterion are identified, such as the existence of a bifurcation domain together with a number of instability cones inside the Mohr–Coulomb surface. Furthermore, decomposing the second‐order work into its isotropic and deviatoric parts makes it possible to compare each of the respective contributions to material instability. Finally, a heuristic boundary value problem is simulated via finite element modelling. A spectral analysis of the symmetric part of the stiffness matrix is conducted to extract the first vanishing eigenvalue and its associated eigenvector. It is found that the displacement field related to this eigenvector appears to be very close to the displacement computed just before global numerical breakdown signalling an effective failure. A plausible explanation is that, considering a material point, the flow rule at the boundary of the bifurcation domain almost coincides with the one describing the failure mechanism on the Mohr–Coulomb plastic limit surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct to consumer advertising versus disease awareness advertising: consumer perspectives from down under
Authors: Hall Danika Valerie , Jones Sandra Carol , Hoek Janet 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAt present, only the United States and New Zealand allow direct‐to‐consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription medicine. In other countries where DTCA is not allowed, including Australia and the United Kingdom, pharmaceutical companies undertake disease awareness advertising (DAA). In DAA, advertisements do not name a drug directly, but provide general information about diseases and treatments, and encourage consumers to talk to their doctor. Similar debate surrounds these two forms of advertising, yet while past research has explored consumers' attitudes and behaviour in response to DTCA, little consideration has been given to DAA. This paper compares Australian consumers' perceptions of DAA with New Zealand consumers' perceptions of DTCA. Despite differences in the type and extent of advertising, respondents perceived similar benefits including heightened awareness of treatment options and improved discussions with doctors. New Zealand respondents associated many negative outcomes with DTCA including unbalanced information, inappropriate requests to doctors and consumer confusion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic review of studies on psychosocial late effects of childhood cancer: Structures of society and methodological pitfalls may challenge the conclusions
Authors: Lund Lasse Wegener , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Rechnitzer Catherine , Johansen Christoffer 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHigh survival rates after childhood cancer raise attention to possible psychosocial late effects. We focus on predictors of psychosocial outcomes based on diagnosis, treatment, demography, somatic disease, and methodological problems. Overall, survivors evaluate their health‐related quality of life to be normal or even better than controls, although virtually all diagnostic subgroups report psychosocial impairment. Central nervous system tumor survivors have significant psychosocial problems. Negative outcomes were associated with cranial radiation therapy, female gender, and young age at diagnosis. Significant methodological problems hamper current knowledge. Systematic registration of psychosocial and somatic problems at diagnosis and prospectively through protocols is needed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:532–543. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anionic alternating copolymerization of epoxide and six‐membered lactone bearing naphthyl moiety
Authors: Sudo Atsushi , Zhang Yuan , Endo Takeshi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article describes the anionic copolymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) and 1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐naphtho[2,1‐b]pyran‐3‐one (DHNP), a six‐membered aromatic lactone bearing naphthyl moiety. The copolymerization proceeded in a 1:1 alternating manner, to afford the corresponding polyester. The ester linkage in the main chain was cleavable by reduction with lithium aluminum hydride to give the corresponding diol that inherited the structure of the alternating sequence. The copolymerization ability of DHNP permitted its addition as a comonomer to an imidazole‐initiated polymerization of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether. The resulting networked polymer, of which main chain was endowed with the DHNP‐derived rigid naphthalene moieties, showed a higher glass transition temperature than that obtained similarly with using 3,4‐dihydrocoumarin (DHCM) as a comonomer, an analogous aromatic lactone bearing phenylene moiety instead of naphthalene moiety of DHNP. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Highly fluorinated low‐molecular‐weight photoresists for optical waveguides
Authors: Wan Ying , Fei Xu , Shi Zuosen , Hu Juan , Zhang Xiaolong , Zhao Lisha , Chen Changming , Cui Zhanchen , Zhang Daming 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA series of highly fluorinated polymers were synthesized by copolymerization of 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene (PFS) and fluorinated styrene derivate monomer (FSDM). Their chemical structure were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 19F NMR spectra. The refractive index and cross‐linking density of the polymers can be tuned and controlled by monitoring the feed ratio of comonomers. A series of negative‐type low‐molecular‐weight fluorinated photoresists (NFPs) were prepared by composing of fluorinated polystyrene derivates (FPSDs), diphenyl iodonium salt as a photoacid generator (PAG) and solvent. The polymer films prepared from NFP by photocuring exhibited excellent chemical resistance and thermal stabilities (Td ranged from 230.5 to 258.1 °C). A clear negative pattern was obtained through direct UV exposure and chemical development. For waveguides without upper cladding, the propagation loss of the channel waveguides was measured to be 0.25 dB/cm at 1550 nm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Optical properties of chiral nematic side‐chain copolymers bearing cholesteryl and azobenzene building blocks
Authors: Liu Jui‐Hsiang , Chou Yen‐Ling , Balamurugan Rathinam , Tien Kai‐Hsin , Chuang Wen‐Tung , Wu Ming‐Zu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThermotropic chiral nematic (N*) side‐chain copolymers (CPs) bearing cholesteryl and azobenzene units were synthesized to investigate the structure–property relationships of the acrylates of the chiral, achiral, and photochromic monomers of free radical polymerization‐derived polymers. The polar effect of chlorine substitution on the benzene ring of the chiral monomer (M3*) widened the mesophase transition temperature only at the monomer level, but no remarkable effect on the mesomorphic, optical or thermochromism of the corresponding CPs was observed. An examination of the CPs prepared using differential scanning calorimetry and hot‐stage polarizing microscopy showed that all the CPs exhibited a cholesteric nematic phase (N*), and increasing the content of the cholesteryl units in the CPs displayed only the N* phase over a much wider temperature range. On cooling from the isotropic melt of N* CPs, selective reflections of visible light that changed from short to long wavelengths were observed. The photolysis of CPs revealed that CP1–CP4 undergo reversible photoisomerization and that CP5 and CP6 undergo irreversible photoisomerization. The rate of isomerization depends on the type (NN, CHCH, and both) and content of photochromic units in the CPs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Optical characterization of pristine poly(3‐hexyl thiophene) films
Authors: Morfa Anthony J. , Barnes Teresa M. , Ferguson Andrew J. , Levi Dean H. , Rumbles Garry , Rowlen Kathy L. , van de Lagemaat Jao 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe describe a comprehensive model for the optical properties of pristine films of poly‐(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The presented model is anisotropic with the optical axis normal to the substrate plane, which is consistent with previous x‐ray diffraction studies that show preferential edge‐on packing of the polymer chains on the substrate. Peak locations and spacings are defined using a Huang‐Rhys vibronic progression consistent with known phonon energies. We demonstrate that the model fits variable‐angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and normal‐incidence transmission data well, and accurately predicts angle‐ and polarization‐dependent transmission and reflection data. The spectral features of the optical constants used in the model are in excellent agreement with published spectroscopic data on P3HT. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
Fracture of model polyurethane elastomeric networks
Authors: Cristiano Antonella , Marcellan Alba , Keestra Bert J. , Steeman Paul , Creton Costantino 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFracture properties of model elastomeric networks of polyurethane have been investigated with a double‐edge notch geometry. The networks were synthesized from monodisperse end‐functionalized polypropylene glycol precursors and a trifunctional isocyanate. All reagents were carefully purified and nearly defect‐free ideal networks were prepared at a stoichiometry very close to the theoretical one. Three networks were prepared: an unentangled network of short chains (Mn = 4 kg mol−1), an entangled network of longer chains (Mn = 8 kg mol−1) and a bimodal network with 8 kg mol−1 and 1 kg mol−1 chains. The presence of entanglements was found to increase significantly the toughness of the rubber, in particular at room temperature, relative to the bimodal networks and to the short chains network. Fracture experiments were carried out at different strain rates and temperatures and showed for all three networks a marked decrease in fracture toughness with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate which mirrored reasonably well the rate and temperature dependence of tan δ, the dissipative factor. However the proportionality factor between tan δ, and GIC was very material dependent and the shift factors obtained for the master curves of the viscoelastic properties could not be used to build fracture energy master curves. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
Magnetic‐field influence on magnetization dependence of temperature in Cu56Ga27Mn17 annealed microwires
Authors: García C. , Vega V. , Prida V. M. , Santos J. D. , Suñol J. J. , Ross C. A. , Hernando B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGlass‐coated Cu56Ga27Mn17 magnetic microwires, resulting from thermal annealing at 523 K for 1 h, have been structural and magnetically characterized. The crystalline structure shows the coexistence of four crystalline phases: a hexagonal phase with a = b = 0.4536 nm and c = 0.8386 nm lattice parameters, a cubic B2 one having a lattice parameter a = 0.29208 nm, a second fcc Cu‐rich minority phase with a = 0.3592 nm, and a monoclinic CuO appearing at the sample surface. ZFC–FC–FH thermomagnetic curves performed at different applied magnetic fields in the CuGaMn microwires annealed at 523 K, show a clear coexistence of two ferromagnetic phases with a Curie temperature around 150 K for the major phase while that corresponding to the second one is above room temperature. The field effect on ZFC–FC–FH magnetization behavior displays that the increase in the applied field modifies and shifts two peaks observed in the ZFC curve, also reducing the thermal hysteresis between FC and FH curves existent in the applied field range of 50–500 Oe. The magnetization behavior exhibited by the CuGaMn annealed microwires depending on the temperature range and magnetic field value will be discussed on the basis of the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions.
Direct analysis of cellulose in poplar stem by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: Jung Seokwon , Chen Yanfeng , Sullards M. Cameron , Ragauskas Arthur J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI‐IMS) was applied to the analysis of the spatial distribution of cellulose on a cross‐section of juvenile poplar (Populus deltoids) stems. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was used to optimize matrix (2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid) application and instrument parameters for the detection of low hexose oligomers, which originated from cellulose in the solid phase. A section of poplar cellulose isolated from juvenile poplar stem which consisted primarily of glucose (∼95%) and minor components such as xylose and lignin was used for the MALDI‐IMS studies. The mass spectrum of poplar cellulose consisted of a series of evenly spaced signals having a difference of 162 m/zunits, which was similar to that of MCC in linear and reflectron positive ion modes. MS images of cellulose compounds with sodium ion adducts were generated and illustrated the distribution of cellulose on the surface of the poplar stem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragmentation of the tryptophan cluster [Trp9–2H]2− induced by different activation methods
Authors: Feketeová Linda , Khairallah George N. , Brunet Claire , Lemoine Jérôme , Antoine Rodolphe , Dugourd Philippe , O'Hair Richard A.J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractElectrospray ionization (ESI) of tryptophan gives rise to multiply charged, non‐covalent tryptophan cluster anions, [Trpn–xH]x−, in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer, as confirmed by high‐resolution experiments performed on a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometer. The smallest multiply charged clusters that can be formed in the linear ion trap as a function of charge state are: x = 2, n = 7; x = 3, n = 16; x = 4, n = 31. The fragmentation of the dianionic cluster [Trp9–2H]2− was examined via low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID), ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) at 266 nm and electron‐induced dissociation (EID) at electron energies ranging from >0 to 30 eV. CID proceeds mostly via charge separation and evaporation of neutral tryptophan. The smallest doubly charged cluster that can be formed via evaporation of neutral tryptophans is [Trp7–2H]2−, consistent with the observation of this cluster in the ESI mass spectrum. UVPD gives singly charged tryptophan clusters ranging from n = 2 to n = 9. The latter ion arises from ejection of an electron to give the radical anion cluster, [Trp9–2H]−.. The types of gas‐phase EID reactions observed are dependent on the energy of the electrons. Loss of neutral tryptophan is an important channel at lower energies, with the smallest doubly charged ion, [Trp7–2H]2−, being observed at 19.8 eV. Coulomb explosion starts to occur at 19.8 eV to form the singly charged cluster ions [Trpx–H]− (x = 1–8) via highly asymmetric fission. At 21.8 eV a small amount of [Trp2–H–NH3]− is observed. Thus CID, UVPD and EID are complementary techniques for the study of the fragmentation reactions of cluster ions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of metal‐labelled peptides by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Gregorius Barbara , Schaumlöffel Dirk , Hildebrandt Andreas , Tholey Andreas 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMetal labelling of peptides and proteins using high‐affinity metal‐chelating compounds has found widespread applications in the medical and bioanalytical fields. In the present study we investigated the analysis of peptides derivatized either with cysteine‐ or amino group‐directed metal‐bound DOTA (1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid) chelators in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS). The metal complexes of DOTA were shown to be stable under MALDI‐MS conditions. The introduction of the metal label led in a number of cases to significantly increased signal‐to‐noise (S/N) values and thus improved sensitivity of the labelled peptides compared to their unlabelled counterparts, especially for multiply labelled peptides. The presence of the labels did alter the tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) behaviour, namely the formation of sequence specific a‐, b‐ and y‐ion series, in dependence of the position of the label within the peptide sequence. For cysteine‐derivatized peptides several label‐specific reporter ions and characteristic immonium ions could be identified. Amino‐directed labelling led only to the formation of characteristic immonium ions in ε‐amino groups of lysine, whereas N‐terminal labelling in some cases led to the formation of a1‐ and b1‐ions. The results clearly show that MALDI‐MS is suitable for the analysis of metal‐labelled peptides, which was also confirmed in liquid chromatography (LC)/MALDI‐based identification of proteins in a model protein mixture labelled with Cys‐reactive DOTA. Here, in comparison to a run with alkylated cysteines, more than 50% more cysteine‐containing peptides were identified. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olive oil or lard?: Distinguishing plant oils from animal fats in the archeological record of the eastern Mediterranean using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Steele Valerie J. , Stern Ben , Stott Andy W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDistinguishing animal fats from plant oils in archaeological residues is not straightforward. Characteristic plant sterols, such as β‐sitosterol, are often missing in archaeological samples and specific biomarkers do not exist for most plant fats. Identification is usually based on a range of characteristics such as fatty acid ratios, all of which indicate that a plant oil may be present, none of which uniquely distinguish plant oils from other fats. Degradation and dissolution during burial alter fatty acid ratios and remove short‐chain fatty acids, resulting in degraded plant oils with similar fatty acid profiles to other degraded fats.Compound‐specific stable isotope analysis of δ13C18:0 and δ13C16:0, carried out by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS), has provided a means of distinguishing fish oils, dairy fats, ruminant and non‐ruminant adipose fats, but plant oils are rarely included in these analyses. For modern plant oils where C18:1 is abundant, δ13C18:1 and δ13C16:0 are usually measured. These results cannot be compared with archaeological data or data from other modern reference fats where δ13C18:0 and δ13C16:0 are measured, as C18:0 and C18:1 are formed by different processes resulting in different isotopic values.Eight samples of six modern plant oils were saponified, releasing sufficient C18:0 to measure the isotopic values, which were plotted against δ13C16:0. The isotopic values for these oils, with one exception, formed a tight cluster between ruminant and non‐ruminant animal fats. This result complicates the interpretation of mixed fatty residues in geographical areas where both animal fats and plant oils were in use. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.