bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid screening and confirmation of drugs and toxic compounds in biological specimens using liquid chromatography/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry and automated library search
Authors: Liu Hsiu‐Chuan , Liu Ray H. , Lin Dong‐Liang , Ho Hsiu‐O 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRecent advances in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) technology have provided an opportunity for the development of more specific approaches to achieve the ‘screen’ and ‘confirmation’ goals in a single analytical step. For this purpose, this study adapts the electrospray ionization ion trap LC/MS/MS instrumentation (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) for the screening and confirmation of over 800 drugs and toxic compounds in biological specimens. Liquid‐liquid and solid‐phase extraction protocols were coupled to LC/ESI‐MS/MS using a 1.8‐µm particle size analytical column operated at 50°C. Gradient elution of the analytes was conducted using a solvent system composed of methanol and water containing 0.1% formic acid. Positive‐ion ESI‐MS/MS spectra and retention times for each of the 800 drugs and toxic compounds were first established using 1–10 µg/mL standard solutions. This spectra and retention time information was then transferred to the library and searched by the identification algorithm for the confirmation of compounds found in test specimens – based on retention time matches and scores of fit, reverse fit, and purity resulting from the searching process. The established method was found highly effective when applied to the analyses of postmortem specimens (blood, urine, and hair) and external proficiency test samples provided by the College of American Pathology (CAP). The development of this approach has significantly improved the efficiency of our routine laboratory operation that was based on a two‐step (immunoassay and GC/MS) approach in the past. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards security architecture for Home (evolved) NodeB: challenges, requirements and solutions
Authors: Rajavelsamy R. , Lee Jicheol , Choi Sungho 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we evaluate the options for a viable security architecture for the 3GPP Home (evolved) NodeB (H(e)NB) and present the trade‐off between the level of security provided and the associated cost of a H(e)NB device. Low cost of the H(e)NB device is one of the key factors to achieve high market penetration and the major contributor to the cost of the H(e)NB device is the security architecture. It is of interest to analyse the security challenges, security requirements and security mechanisms for (i) H(e)NB authentication, (ii) provisioning of security credentials, (iii) backhaul link protection, (iv) location verification and (v) user access control in the H(e)NB. It is required that the H(e)NB architecture mitigates the threats foreseen by opting a comprehensive security mechanisms amenable to both the operators and the subscribers, while satisfying the acceptable level of security required. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Providing key recovery capability for mobile communications
Authors: Chu Xiaowen , Jiang Yixin , Lin Chuang , Yin Hao , Li Bo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel security scheme with key recovery capability for mobile communications. The proposed key recovery mechanism offers a “backdoor” for an authorized agency to monitor suspected communications while protecting legal users from unauthorized disclosure of their data privacy. All the features form a unitary security scheme with monitoring service. The performance analysis shows that our scheme has a low‐computational complexity and it can be practically deployed on contemporary mobile devices. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of solid standards prepared by freeze‐drying
Authors: Dang T. A. , Lunk H.‐J. , Roychowdhury S. , Frisk T. A. , Bard T. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSolid standards prepared by freeze‐drying consistently showed a high degree of homogeneity. The freezing process, completed in fractions of a second, preserves the original homogeneous distribution of the dopants, and the subsequent sublimation step would minimize any disturbance. Compared to those prepared by conventional methods such as blending and spiking, freeze‐dried standards exhibited superior lateral distribution and better uniform depth distribution. There is, however, a concentration constraint for achieving homogeneity. At 5% doping, segregation was observed in both lateral and depth distribution. Many tungsten standards doped with 10–28 elements ranging from 10 to 200 ppm were successfully prepared and used as controls for a number of analytical techniques including glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) and d.c.‐arc optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HDL‐Mimicking Peptide–Lipid Nanoparticles with Improved Tumor Targeting
Authors: Zhang Zhihong , Chen Juan , Ding Lili , Jin Honglin , Lovell Jonathan F. , Corbin Ian R. , Cao Weiguo , Lo Pui‐Chi , Yang Mi , Tsao Ming‐Sound , Luo Qingming , Zheng Gang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTargeted delivery of intracellularly active diagnostics and therapeutics in vivo is a major challenge in cancer nanomedicine. A nanocarrier should possess long circulation time yet be small and stable enough to freely navigate through interstitial space to deliver its cargo to targeted cells. Herein, it is shown that by adding targeting ligands to nanoparticles that mimic high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), tumor‐targeted sub‐30‐nm peptide–lipid nanocarriers are created with controllable size, cargo loading, and shielding properties. The size of the nanocarrier is tunable between 10 and 30 nm, which correlates with a payload of 15–100 molecules of fluorescent dye. Ligand‐directed nanocarriers targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. The nanocarriers show favorable circulation time, tumor accumulation, and biodistribution with or without the targeting ligand. The EGFR targeting ligand is proved to be essential for the EGFR‐mediated tumor cell uptake of the nanocarriers, a prerequisite of intracellular delivery. The results demonstrate that targeted HDL‐mimetic nanocarriers are useful delivery vehicles that could open new avenues for the development of clinically viable targeted nanomedicine.
Delta opioid peptide DADLE and naltrexone cause cell cycle arrest and differentiation in a CNS neural progenitor cell line
Authors: Tsai Shang‐Yi , Lee Chung‐Ting , Hayashi Teruo , Freed William J. , Su Tsung‐Ping 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOpioids have been demonstrated to play an important role in CNS development by affecting proliferation and differentiation in various types of neural cells. This study examined the effect of a stable delta opioid peptide [D‐Ala(2), D‐Leu(5)]‐enkephalin (DADLE) on proliferation and differentiation in an AF5 CNS neural progenitor cell line derived from rat mesencephalic cells. DADLE (1 pM, 0.1 nM, or 10 nM) caused a significant growth inhibition on AF5 cells. The opioid antagonist naltrexone at 0.1 nM also caused growth inhibition in the same cells. When DADLE and naltrexone were both added to the AF5 cells, the resultant growth inhibition was apparently additive. DADLE alone or DADLE in combination with naltrexone did not cause apoptosis as evidenced by negative TUNEL staining. The cell‐cycle progression analysis indicated that both DADLE (0.1 nM) and naltrexone (0.1 nM) caused an arrest of AF5 cell cycle progression at the G1 checkpoint. Neuronal marker indicated that DADLE‐ or naltrexone‐treated AF5 cells tend to differentiate more when compared to controls. Results demonstrate the nonopioid action of both DADLE and naltrexone on cell cycle arrest and differentiation in a CNS neural progenitor cell line. Results also suggest some potential utilization of DADLE and/or naltrexone in stem cell research. Synapse 64:267–273, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trans‐Free Plastic Shortenings Prepared with Palm Stearin and Rice Bran Oil Structured Lipid
Authors: Jennings Brenda H. , Akoh Casimir C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRice bran oil structured lipid (RBOSL) was produced from rice bran oil (RBO) and the medium chain fatty acid (MCFA), caprylic acid, with Lipozyme RM IM as biocatalyst. RBOSL and RBO were mixed with palm stearin (PS) in ratios of 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30 v/v (RBOSL to PS) to formulate trans‐free shortenings. Fatty acid profiles, solid fat content (SFC), melting and crystallization curves and crystal morphology were determined. The content of caprylic acid in shortening blends with RBOSL ranged from 9.92 to 22.14 mol%. Shortening blends containing 30:70 and 60:40 RBOSL or RBO and PS had fatty acid profiles similar to a commercial shortening (CS). SFCs for blends were within the desired range for CS of 10–50% at 10–40 °C. Shortening blends containing higher amounts of RBOSL or RBO had melting and crystallization curves similar to CS. All shortening blends contained primarily β′ crystals. RBOSL blended with PS was comparable to RBO in producing shortenings with fatty acid profiles, SFC, melting and crystallization profiles and crystal morphologies that were similar. RBOSL blended with PS can possibly provide healthier alternative to some oils currently blended with PS and commercial shortening to produce trans‐free shortening because of the health benefits of the MCFA in RBOSL.
A Modified Coupled Enzyme Method for O-linked GlcNAc Transferase Activity Assay
Authors: Zhang Lianwen , Ren Feifei , Li Jing , Ma Xiaofeng , Wang Peng 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
In order to determine the activity of O-linked GlcNAc transferase (OGT), a modified coupled enzyme method was proposed. This method was based on the measurement of uridine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate) (UDP), a product generated in transglycosylation reaction. In the assay, UDP was coupled to the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate using pyruvate kinase. Using a commercial pyruvate assay kit, the pyruvate was converted to a red terminal product, which could be photometrically measured at 570 nm or fluorometrically measured at 587 nm (E
m = 535 nm) on a microplate reader. Kinetic study of a truncated recombinant mOGT and quantitative analysis of OGT in two biological samples indicated that this method was practical and competitive for quantitative analysis of OGT.
A Practical Guide to Rodent Islet Isolation and Assessment
Authors: Carter Jeffrey D , Dula Stacey B , Corbin Kathryn L , Wu Runpei , Nunemaker Craig S 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Pancreatic islets of Langerhans secrete hormones that are vital to the regulation of blood glucose and are, therefore, a key focus of diabetes research. Purifying viable and functional islets from the pancreas for study is an intricate process. This review highlights the key elements involved with mouse and rat islet isolation, including choices of collagenase, the collagenase digestion process, purification of islets using a density gradient, and islet culture conditions. In addition, this paper reviews commonly used techniques for assessing islet viability and function, including visual assessment, fluorescent markers of cell death, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and intracellular calcium measurements. A detailed protocol is also included that describes a common method for rodent islet isolation that our laboratory uses to obtain viable and functional mouse islets for in vitro study of islet function, beta-cell physiology, and in vivo rodent islet transplantation. The purpose of this review is to serve as a resource and foundation for successfully procuring and purifying high-quality islets for research purposes.
The role of siblings in identity development in adolescence and emerging adulthood
Authors: Wong Thessa M.L. , Branje Susan J.T. , VanderValk Inge E. , Hawk Skyler T. , Meeus Wim H.J. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThis study examined the role of siblings on identity formation in adolescence and emerging adulthood, using a three‐wave longitudinal design. Measures of identity formation were filled out by 498 sibling dyads. Sibling effects differed as a function of age and gender configuration within the dyads. Controlled for age, earlier‐born siblings reported the most advanced levels of identity formation, and later‐born siblings the lowest. Positive relations between siblings' identity and changes in identity of respondents provided support for modeling processes between siblings. The identity of earlier‐born same‐sex siblings, in particular, tends to be important in influencing identity formation. Contrary to the expectations, differentiation processes between siblings did not appear to influence identity formation. It is apparent from this study that both the gender and birth order of siblings affect whether their own identity formation processes influence those of adolescents and emerging adults.
The role of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in different animal models of neuropathic pain
Authors: Vanelderen Pascal , Rouwette Tom , Kozicz Tamas , Roubos Eric , Van Zundert Jan , Heylen Rene , Vissers Kris 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEven in present day pain therapy, neuropathic pain remains a challenge for clinicians to treat and a challenge for researchers to investigate. Different animal models have been developed to mimic neuropathic pain. Neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 3 have been studied extensively in these models, yet few review articles concerning brain‐derived neurotrophic factor have been published. This article reassesses the literature concerning brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression in the sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury model, the sciatic nerve transection model, the spinal nerve ligation model and the spinal nerve transection model and discusses differences in regulation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor between these models and their causality with neuropathic pain.
A content analysis of ideal, ought, and feared selves in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Kindermans Hanne P. , Goossens Marielle E. , Roelofs Jeffrey , Huijnen Ivan P. , Verbunt Jeanine A. , Morley Stephen , Vlaeyen Johan W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPatients with chronic pain are not only faced with disabilities but are also challenged to maintain a valued sense of self. This sense of self is in part determined by the extent to which patients can accomplish their identity‐related goals. The present study explores the content of three domains of the self, namely the ideal, ought and feared self and examines how the content relates to disability and depression.The ideal, ought and feared attributes of 80 chronic low back pain patients were analyzed and categorized in eight general goal‐domains: interpersonal attributes, personal abilities, physical, emotional and psychological well‐being, close interpersonal relationships, self‐expression abilities, achievement‐related attributes, physical appearance, and religion. Results showed that most of the attributes that patients generated involved interpersonal attributes. Comparisons between the self‐guides revealed that ideal attributes were more intrapersonally focused while ought and feared attributes were interpersonally focused. The content appeared to be related to disability but not to depression. More specifically, the more disabled patients were, the more they listed well‐being related attributes as part of their ought self. None of the other goal‐domains was related to disability or depression.The present study provides additional insight into the goals of patients with chronic pain at the level of identity and has shown that these are, at least in part, related to the level of functional disability. These results might be useful for future studies incorporating the role of identity in chronic pain, such as psychological interventions.
Interleukin‐6 induces microglial CX3CR1 expression in the spinal cord after peripheral nerve injury through the activation of p38 MAPK
Authors: Lee Kyung‐Min , Jeon Sang‐Min , Cho Hee‐Jung 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury leading to neuropathic pain induces the upregulation of interleukin (IL)‐6 and microglial CX3CR1 expression, and activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the spinal cord. Here, we investigated whether IL‐6 regulates CX3CR1 expression through p38 MAPK activation in the spinal cord in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Similar temporal changes in the expression of IL‐6, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and CX3CR1 were observed following CCI. The increases in CX3CR1 expression, p38 MAPK activation and pain behavior after CCI were suppressed by blocking IL‐6 action with a neutralizing antibody, while they were enhanced by supplying exogenous recombinant rat IL‐6 (rrIL‐6). rrIL‐6 also induced increases in spinal CX3CR1 expression, p38 MAPK activation and pain behavior in naïve rats without nerve injury. Furthermore, treatment with the p38 MAPK‐specific inhibitor, SB203580, suppressed the increase in CX3CR1 expression induced by CCI or rrIL‐6 treatment. Finally, blocking CX3CR1 or p38 MAPK activation prevented the development of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by CCI or rrIL‐6 treatment. These results suggest a new mechanism of neuropathic pain, in which IL‐6 induces microglial CX3CR1 expression in the spinal cord through p38 MAPK activation, enhancing the responsiveness of microglia to fractalkine in the spinal cord, thus playing an important role in neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.
Risk factors and management patterns for emergency obstetric hysterectomy over 2 decades
Authors: Lone Farah , Sultan Abdul H. , Thakar Ranee , Beggs Andrew 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo review the demographic characteristics of patients, risk factors, indications, and complications of emergency obstetric hysterectomy (EOH), and to determine the changing trends in EOH over the last 2 decades.MethodsA retrospective review of all consecutive cases of EOH over the last 20 years at Mayday University Hospital, UK.ResultsThere were 84 698 deliveries between January 1989 and January 2009. Fifty‐two women had an EOH, with an incidence of 0.6 per 1000 deliveries. The underlying cause of EOH was uncontrolled primary hemorrhage in 50 (96.2%) women and severe sepsis leading to secondary hemorrhage in 2 (3.8%) women. A total of 38 (73%) EOHs were performed for intractable bleeding after cesarean delivery. Twenty‐five EOHs were performed in the first decade, and 27 EOHs were performed in last decade.ConclusionDespite the introduction of pharmacologic agents and new surgical techniques to control postpartum hemorrhage, there was no reduction in the prevalence of EOH. Previous cesarean delivery with associated placenta previa or placenta accreta was a major contributor toward EOH.
A Brazilian Counterweight: Music, Intellectual Property and the African Diaspora in Rio de Janeiro (1910s–1930s)
Authors: HERTZMAN MARC ADAM 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article treats Tio Faustino, a little-known samba musician and Afro-Brazilian religious leader living in Rio de Janeiro, as an entry point for exploring larger questions about Brazil and the African Diaspora. The inquiry expands outward from Tio Faustino to Rio's early twentieth-century markets in ‘African’ commodities, the city's nascent music industry and the growing call to defend intellectual property rights in Brazil. In order to advance their careers, Tio Faustino and other artists accessed nationalist sentiment in ways that highlighted differences rather than commonalities with African-descended peoples elsewhere. In this way, Brazil's global standing and its colonial history and post-colonial trajectory functioned as a counterweight to transnational and diasporic connections. These findings deepen, rather than completely unseat, recent trends in diaspora and transnational studies.
Early childhood language memory in the speech perception of international adoptees
Authors: OH JANET S. , AU TERRY KIT-FONG , JUN SUN-AH 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTIt is as yet unclear whether the benefits of early linguistic experiences can be maintained without at least some minimal continued exposure to the language. This study compared 12 adults adopted from Korea to the US as young children (all but one prior to age one year) to 13 participants who had no prior exposure to Korean to examine whether relearning can aid in accessing early childhood language memory. All 25 participants were recruited and tested during the second week of first-semester college Korean language classes. They completed a language background questionnaire and interview, a childhood slang task and a Korean phoneme identification task. Results revealed an advantage for adoptee participants in identifying some Korean phonemes, suggesting that some components of early childhood language memory can remain intact despite many years of disuse, and that relearning a language can help in accessing such a memory.
Hearing Indigenous Voices, Protecting Indigenous Knowledge
Authors: Recht Jo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn a rapidly globalizing world, indigenous knowledge is in mortal danger, and it will require new forms of intellectual property protection to save it. There are fundamental incongruities between Western intellectual property law and indigenous knowledge that prevent the current international intellectual property framework from fully comprehending or addressing the contexts and needs of indigenous knowledge. This article will review the history of international and regional initiatives to develop protection for indigenous knowledge. It will consider the geopolitical context that has informed discussions about protecting the intangible wealth of indigenous peoples, including the recent addition of articulate and impassioned indigenous voices to the conversation. Finally, this article will discuss some of the concerns that have been raised about subjecting indigenous knowledge to a system of formal legal regulation.