bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric follow‐up of haemodynamically insignificant congenital cardiac lesions
Authors: Smith Benjamin G , Qureshi Shakeel A 
Published: May 2012

Aim:  To describe the prevailing follow‐up of haemodynamically insignificant congenital cardiac lesions (HICCL) in the UK. To suggest a rationalisation of follow‐up based on the known natural history of these lesions.Methods:  An internet‐based survey of 170 paediatric cardiologists and general paediatricians with an interest in cardiology in the UK. Five scenarios concerning common HICCL were presented: ventricular and atrial septal defects, patent foramen ovale, mild pulmonary stenosis and persistent ductus arteriosus.Results:  There were 52 respondents. There was a broad range of beliefs and practices. However, there were tendencies to discharge children with a patent foramen ovale and follow patients with all other lesions, often on a relatively frequent basis.Conclusions:  The increasingly sensitive and advanced nature of echocardiography and the subsequent reliance upon it may be contributing to unnecessarily frequent review of HICCL and a reluctance to discharge patients. In the majority of patients with HICCL, no more than two assessments of HICCL are required after 2 years of age – once in late childhood and once near full growth.
Monitoring height and weight: Findings from a developmental paediatric service
Authors: Lionti Tess , Reid Susan M , Reddihough Dinah , Sabin Matthew A 
Published: May 2012

Aim:  To assess the recording of weight and height in children with disabilities and identify subgroups at risk of being either underweight or overweight.Methods:  A retrospective clinical audit was undertaken within the Department of Developmental Medicine at The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. Most recent weight and height measurements and data about the child's underlying condition were collected from the medical records of children attending a clinical appointment over a 3‐month period. Primary medical diagnosis, age, gender, mode of feeding and ability to ambulate were recorded. Body mass index was calculated and corrected for age and gender.Results:  Study sample size was 583 (356 males), mean age was 8.25 years (range 2.8–17.4 years). Body mass index could be calculated for 48%. Height was less commonly measured in those with severe physical impairments. A survey of barriers to weight and height measurement showed that the main barrier to measuring height was practical difficulties. The percentage of children classified as overweight/obese was 26.6% and this was associated with intellectual disabilities, moderately impaired ambulation, older age and female gender; 13.5% of the study group was underweight, the majority of whom were non‐ambulant.Conclusions:  Although significant rates of underweight and overweight were identified in children with a range of disabilities within our service, monitoring of weight status was suboptimal. Despite this, data indicate that specific subgroups of children with disability appear at risk of being either overweight or underweight. Where height cannot be measured, other anthropometric measures such as waist circumference may be useful in the assessment of children with disabilities.
Role of endobronchial ultrasound in diagnosis and molecular assessment of metastatic melanoma
Authors: JENNINGS BARTON R. , MILLWARD MICHAEL J. , AMANUEL BENHUR , MULRENNAN SIOBHAIN , JOOSTEN SIMON A. , PHILLIPS MARTIN J. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Vemurafenib is a new inhibitor of the mutated BRAF oncogene. In the presence of mutated BRAF in metastatic melanoma, treatment with vemurafenib leads to a reduction in mortality and in tumour progression when compared with chemotherapy. This study describes nine cases in which endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) was used to assess mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes for the presence of metastatic melanoma and demonstrates the ability to detect mutations in BRAF on the tissue obtained.Methods:  A retrospective review was performed of all patients who had a history of melanoma and underwent EBUS TBNA to investigate hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy for the presence of metastatic melanoma.Results:  In seven of the nine cases, metastatic melanoma was confirmed on cytology. The two negative cases were proven to be true negatives by follow up or by demonstrating an alternate diagnosis. In five cases, analysis for BRAF mutation was performed. Four cases were positive for mutation and one demonstrated wild‐type BRAF.Conclusions:  Tissue samples obtained from EBUS TBNA are adequate to diagnose metastatic melanoma in hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes and to detect the presence or absence of mutations in the BRAF gene. Our findings suggest that close collaboration between bronchoscopists and pathologists will be needed to implement BRAF testing in routine practice in the era of targeted therapy.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of moxifloxacin on rat airway smooth muscle cells exposed to allergen: Inhibition of extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase and nuclear factor‐κB activation and of interleukin‐8 and eotaxin synthesis
Authors: LI HUITING , ZHU SHUYANG , HE SHUMIN , HAO LU 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Moxifloxacin (MXF) has been shown to possess immunomodulatory properties in addition to its antimicrobial effects. We investigated the effects of MXF on cytokine secretion and signal transduction mechanisms in naive control and allergen‐exposed airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) stimulated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α.Methods:  An animal model was established. ASMC was derived from rat airway tissue and cultured in vitro, then incubated with 10 ng/mL of TNF‐α. Interleukin (IL)‐8 and eotaxin secretion were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and activation of extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB p65 was measured by western blotting, with or without the addition of MXF (20 µg/mL) and/or dexamethasone (DXM) (10−6 M).Results:  Baseline IL‐8 and eotaxin secretion did not differ between control and allergen‐exposed cells. Stimulation with TNF‐α increased IL‐8 and eotaxin secretion, with increased IL‐8 secretion by allergen‐exposed compared with naive control ASMC, post‐TNF‐α stimulation (P = 0.001). Baseline phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (p‐ERK1/2) and NF‐κB p65 was higher in allergen‐exposed than in control ASMC. TNF‐α increased p‐ERK1/2 and NF‐κB p65 levels, with higher levels in allergen‐exposed ASMC, post‐TNF‐α stimulation (P < 0.001). MXF and the combination of MXF with DXM suppressed the secretion of IL‐8 and eotaxin, but DXM alone did not affect IL‐8, post‐TNF‐α stimulation (P > 0.05). MXF, DXM and the combination of MXF with DXM inhibited TNF‐α‐stimulated p‐ERK1/2 and NF‐κB p65 levels by 34, 40 and 62%, and 33, 38 and 64%, respectively.Conclusions:  MXF suppressed the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by allergen‐exposed rat ASMC, partly by inhibiting NF‐κB and ERK activation. DXM may have additional or synergistic effects with MXF.
Mapping of a rare plant species (Boronia deanei) using hyper‐resolution remote sensing and concurrent ground observation
Authors: Fletcher Andrew T. , Erskine Peter D. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryBoronia deanei is one of many declared rare, and potentially threatened, species of the Australian flora that occur within freshwater swamps and riparian margins. However, a lack of knowledge regarding its ecological distribution and habitat requirements may result in vulnerability to current and planned anthropogenic activities. Identification of population boundaries, numbers and locations should be highly beneficial for developing appropriate conservation approaches. This study demonstrates (i) the potential of converging hyper‐resolution remote sensing imagery with targeted ground observations to identify individual population extents and densities and (ii) proposes methods of defining and mapping suitable habitat and potential extents for rare plant species in areas potentially exposed to multiple anthropogenic impacts.
Community health‐care staff's experiences of support to prevent type 2 diabetes among people with psychosis: An interview study with health staff
Authors: Hultsjö Sally , Hjelm Katarina 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to describe mental health staff experiences of giving support to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) among people with psychosis in community psychiatry. A qualitative interview study with a purposeful sample of 12 community health staff was conducted. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results show how staff reported continuously supporting people with psychosis to adapt to healthy lifestyles, but stated that support is not given until after a person becomes overweight or is diagnosed with type 2 DM. Support was described as a never‐ending process of motivation facing many reverses. Individually‐adapted support given in practical situations was perceived as most successful. Cooperation between health‐care organizations was seen as essential, but inadequate. Limitations in income and social network, and easy access to fast food and alcohol, were seen as obstacles to support. The results indicate that community health staff are in a position to make a considerable impact in motivating and supporting healthy lifestyle changes in practical situations in daily life among people with psychosis. This study raises awareness of how community health staff's support can be useful when developing nursing skills and health‐care plans for people with psychosis.
Evaluating the effectiveness of intervention in long‐term aphasia post‐stroke: the experience from CHANT (Communication Hub for Aphasia in North Tyneside)
Authors: Mumby Katharyn , Whitworth Anne 
Published: May 2012

Abstract Background: Despite recognition of the need for increased long‐term support for people with aphasia following stroke, there remains limited evidence for effective service‐level interventions.Aims: To evaluate the outcomes and experiences of people participating in the Communication Hub for Aphasia in North Tyneside (CHANT), a 2‐year partnership project between health, local authority and third‐sector services, shaped by people with aphasia, which provided a coordinated programme of support and interventions for people with long‐term aphasia following stroke.Methods & Procedures: Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the evaluation. Thirty‐nine participants with aphasia were recruited to the 12‐month study as they became part of CHANT, with 20 completing all measures at the end of the study. Participants had no other speech and language therapy during the study. Quantitative measures (before and after intervention) were used for quality of life, self‐report outcomes and goal attainment. Three of the participants with aphasia and three further people involved in the service (carer, volunteer, public sector worker) each agreed to a series of five semi‐structured interviews over a 9‐month period. A total of 28 interviews were collected using neutral interviewers; these were transcribed and analysed by a team within NVivo8 software, based on interpretive principles from grounded theory. Thematic analysis of the narratives explored the experience of engaging with CHANT, and the barriers and facilitators affecting quality of life.Outcomes & Results: People with aphasia made significant gains in quality of life (in particular, in communication and psychosocial adjustment to stroke) and self‐report measures of change. A total of 82% of real‐life goals set as part of intervention were fully or partially achieved at follow‐up. Five core themes emerged from the narratives: ‘Quality of life’, ‘Barriers’, ‘Facilitators’, ‘Types of CHANT activity’ and ‘Effectiveness’. The intervention was evaluated through the theme of ‘Effectiveness’ in relation to the other themes, encapsulating emerging participant views (including the type and timeliness of activity, expectations of outcomes, resources and perceived value). The impact of the intervention was also analysed in terms of identifying barriers and providing facilitators.Conclusions & Implications: The quantitative and qualitative (narrative) findings were complementary in demonstrating the effectiveness of the CHANT service delivery model. Moreover, the narratives, through a longitudinal perspective, provided evidence about people's experience of intervention for long‐term aphasia. The findings provide foundations for further work into long‐term recovery, intervention and adjustment to aphasia post‐stroke.
GABA transporter subtype 1 and GABA transporter subtype 3 modulate glutamatergic transmission via activation of presynaptic GABAB receptors in the rat globus pallidus
Authors: Jin Xiao‐Tao , Paré Jean‐Francois , Smith Yoland 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe intra‐pallidal application of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter subtype 1 (GAT‐1) or GABA transporter subtype 3 (GAT‐3) transporter blockers [1‐(4,4‐diphenyl‐3‐butenyl)‐3‐piperidinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride (SKF 89976A) or 1‐[2‐[tris(4‐methoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethyl]‐(S)‐3‐piperidinecarboxylic acid (SNAP 5114)] reduces the activity of pallidal neurons in monkey. This effect could be mediated through the activation of presynaptic GABAB heteroreceptors in glutamatergic terminals by GABA spillover following GABA transporter (GAT) blockade. To test this hypothesis, we applied the whole‐cell recording technique to study the effects of SKF 89976A and SNAP 5114 on evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) in the presence of gabazine, a GABAA receptor antagonist, in rat globus pallidus slice preparations. Under the condition of postsynaptic GABAB receptor blockade by the intra‐cellular application of N‐(2,6‐dimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl)‐triethylammonium bromide (OX314), bath application of SKF 89976A (10 μm) or SNAP 5114 (10 μm) decreased the amplitude of eEPSCs, without a significant effect on its holding current and whole cell input resistance. The inhibitory effect of GAT blockade on eEPSCs was blocked by (2S)‐3‐[[(1S)‐1‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)ethyl]amino‐2‐hydroxypropyl](phenylmethyl)phosphinic acid, a GABAB receptor antagonist. The paired‐pulse ratio of eEPSCs was increased, whereas the frequency, but not the amplitude, of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents was reduced in the presence of either GAT blocker, demonstrating a presynaptic effect. These results suggest that synaptically released GABA can inhibit glutamatergic transmission through the activation of presynaptic GABAB heteroreceptors following GAT‐1 or GAT‐3 blockade. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that presynaptic GABAB heteroreceptors in putative glutamatergic subthalamic afferents to the globus pallidus are sensitive to increases in extracellular GABA induced by GAT inactivation, thereby suggesting that GAT blockade represents a potential mechanism by which overactive subthalamopallidal activity may be reduced in parkinsonism.
Deep‐sea bacteria enriched by oil and dispersant from the Deepwater Horizon spill
Authors: Bælum Jacob , Borglin Sharon , Chakraborty Romy , Fortney Julian L. , Lamendella Regina , Mason Olivia U. , Auer Manfred , Zemla Marcin , Bill Markus , Conrad Mark E. , Malfatti Stephanie A. , Tringe Susannah G. , Holman Hoi‐Ying , Hazen Terry C. , Jansson Janet K. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe Deepwater Horizon oil spill resulted in a massive influx of hydrocarbons into the Gulf of Mexico (the Gulf). To better understand the fate of the oil, we enriched and isolated indigenous hydrocarbon‐degrading bacteria from deep, uncontaminated waters from the Gulf with oil (Macondo MC252) and dispersant used during the spill (COREXIT 9500). During 20 days of incubation at 5°C, CO2 evolution, hydrocarbon concentrations and the microbial community composition were determined. Approximately 60% to 25% of the dissolved oil with or without COREXIT, respectively, was degraded, in addition to some hydrocarbons in the COREXIT. FeCl2 addition initially increased respiration rates, but not the total amount of hydrocarbons degraded. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a succession in the microbial community over time, with an increase in abundance of Colwellia and Oceanospirillales during the incubations. Flocs formed during incubations with oil and/or COREXIT in the absence of FeCl2. Synchrotron radiation‐based Fourier transform infrared (SR‐FTIR) spectromicroscopy revealed that the flocs were comprised of oil, carbohydrates and biomass. Colwellia were the dominant bacteria in the flocs. Colwellia sp. strain RC25 was isolated from one of the enrichments and confirmed to rapidly degrade high amounts (approximately 75%) of the MC252 oil at 5°C. Together these data highlight several features that provide Colwellia with the capacity to degrade oil in cold, deep marine habitats, including aggregation together with oil droplets into flocs and hydrocarbon degradation ability.
Dynamics of Performing and Remembering Organizational Routines
Authors: Miller Kent D. , Pentland Brian T. , Choi Seungho 
Published: May 2012

abstractThis study addresses the dynamic interplay between action and memory in organizational routines. We consider three distinct forms of memory – procedural, declarative, and transactive – and examine their roles in the formation, efficiency, and adaptability of organizational routines. We introduce an agent‐based model simulating organizational routines as repeated patterns of sequential tasks accomplished by networks of individuals. We model the formation of new routines, and changes in established organizational routines resulting from loss of personnel (due to downsizing) and changes in environmental demands. We find that transactive memory enhances problem‐solving efficiency and facilitates adaptation to novel problems. Declarative memory built from past experience facilitates efficient routines in stable contexts, but obstructs efficiency gains when the organization encounters novel problems.
IDENTIFYING THE LINDAHL EQUILIBRIUM WITHOUT TRANSFERS AS A SOCIAL OPTIMUM
Authors: Yang Zili 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe Lindahl equilibrium is an important solution concept in economies with externalities or public goods. In this paper, a ‘Negishi‐type’ theorem that connects the Lindahl equilibrium without transfers with the social optimum solution is proposed and proved. The theorem states that the solution of a social planner's problem with the social welfare weights proportional to the inverse of the private shadow prices of externalities in an auxiliary Nash equilibrium is the Lindahl equilibrium without transfers. To verify the theorem constructively, an algorithm for finding the Lindahl equilibrium is developed. Its efficacy is demonstrated through a numerical example.
THE MAKER'S MEANING: DIVINE IDEAS AND SALVATION
Authors: MCINTOSH MARK 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe divine ideas tradition played a valuable but often unrecognized role in the history of Christian theology. This article investigates the possible loss to theology by examining how the divine ideas permitted a unified theology of creation and salvation, centred upon the contemplation of all things in Christ. Interpreting examples from Origen to Aquinas, the article demonstrates that leading theologians understood the full truth of all creatures to be known eternally by God in the procession of the Word, by whose incarnation, death, and resurrection the creatures are redeemed.
INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AND MYSTICAL UNKNOWING: CONTEMPORARY INSIGHTS FROM MEDIEVAL SOURCES
Authors: STALEY ERINN 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntellectual disabilities make people vulnerable to marginalization in churches and social spaces, but theology has not sufficiently attended to the topic and promoted the flourishing of people who have cognitive impairments. This article responds to theology's inadequate attention to intellectual disability and historical resources for reflection on the topic by reading medieval sources with intellectual disability in mind. I argue that Bonaventure's Itinerarium Mentis in Deum provides a model for imagining intellectually disabled and nondisabled people sharing the journey into God and that Eckhart's view of intellect as the uncreated element in the soul includes people who are intellectually disabled among those who may be united with God.
ABSOLUTE ACTION: DIVINE HIDDENNESS IN KIERKEGAARD'S FEAR AND TREMBLING
Authors: KLINE PETER 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article reads Fear and Trembling constructively as a theological work. Abraham's faith is a lived movement irreducible to either ontology or epistemology. Faith is an action that waits upon what it alone could never accomplish. This is absolute action. In Abraham's case, he offers up Isaac to death with the absurd expectancy that Isaac will be returned. This double movement is a doxological abandonment of oneself and one's world to God that waits expectantly to receive them back as gifts. It is these dynamics of faith that show God to be hidden, precisely within the intimate drawing near of God. The article concludes with a constructive gesture toward an “apophaticism of action.”
DOES BELIEF AIM (ONLY) AT THE TRUTH?
Authors: WHITING DANIEL 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIt is common to hear talk of the aim of belief and to find philosophers appealing to that aim for numerous explanatory purposes. What belief's aim explains depends, of course, on what that aim is. Many hold that it is somehow related to truth, but there are various ways in which one might specify belief's aim using the notion of truth. In this article, by considering whether they can account for belief's standard of correctness and the epistemic norms governing belief, I argue against certain prominent specifications of belief's aim given in terms of truth, and advance a neglected alternative.
LESS GOOD BUT NOT BAD: IN DEFENSE OF EPICUREANISM ABOUT DEATH
Authors: SMUTS AARON 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this article I defend innocuousism– a weak form of Epicureanism about the putative badness of death. I argue that if we assume both mental statism about wellbeing and that death is an experiential blank, it follows that death is not bad for the one who dies. I defend innocuousism against the deprivation account of the badness of death. I argue that something is extrinsically bad if and only if it leads to states that are intrinsically bad. On my view, sometimes dying may be less good than living, but it is never bad to die.
CAN INSTRUMENTAL VALUE BE INTRINSIC?
Authors: DORSEY DALE 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this article, I critique a common claim that instrumental value is a form of extrinsic value. Instead, I offer an alternative dispositional analysis of instrumental value, which holds that instrumental value can, in certain circumstances, be an example of intrinsic value. It follows, then, that a popular account of the nature of final value – or value as an end – is false: the Moorean identification of final value with intrinsic value cannot properly distinguish between value as an end and value as a means.
European Bond ETFs: Tracking Errors and the Sovereign Debt Crisis
Authors: Drenovak Mikica , Urošević Branko , Jelic Ranko 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study examines the tracking performance of 31 eurozone sovereign debt exchange traded index funds (ETFs) during 2007–2010. The tracking performance is assessed by four different tracking error models. Overall, funds underperform their respective benchmarks. Active returns (net of fees) vary substantially (from +46.74 to −30.36 basis points) and are of considerable economic interest. The significant differences in the performance of swap‐based and in‐kind funds highlight the importance of appropriate (e.g. correlation vs. cointegration based) metrics required for the assessment of funds adopting different replication methods. We also document important changes in the tracking performance due to the changing characteristics of EU sovereign bonds since the start of the sovereign debt crisis.