bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of an amphiphilic self‐assembled lipid lamellar phase on the relief of dry skin
Authors: Pennick G. , Chavan B. , Summers B. , Rawlings A. V. 
Published: August 2012

SynopsisHumectant and occlusive technologies have traditionally been used for the treatment of dry skin. Originally, non‐lamellar‐forming ingredients were used such as petrolatum but recent research has shown the advantage of using lamellar‐forming ingredients such as ceramides, pseudoceramides and phospholipids in the relief of dry skin. Nevertheless, the importance of using lipid‐phase transition inducers, such as long‐chain fatty acids, has not been studied clinically. The evaluation of a novel complex of lipophilic ingredients was of interest: cetyl alcohol, isostearyl isostearate, potassium cetyl phosphate, cetyl behenate and behenic acid. The combination of all these ingredients was shown to be more effective than any single component in water vapour transmission rate studies. This was thought to be owing to the formation of a unique structural organization of the lipids upon dry‐down from an O/W emulsion as was examined by X‐ray diffraction and optical microscopy. When evaluated clinically in a randomized double‐blind and vehicle‐controlled moisturization efficacy trial, this novel blend of ingredients was shown to not only improve the visible signs of skin dryness to a significantly greater extent than a comparable mineral oil‐containing vehicle but also then maintain a better skin condition during the regression no‐treatment phase of the study. This combination of ingredients offers a new technology option for the treatment of dry skin.
ABILITY AND AGE‐INCOME PROFILES
Authors: HARTOG JOOP 
Published: August 2012

This paper is devoted to the personal distribution of income. The focus is on the relation between individual age and income and on the observed regularities in these age‐income profiles. Empirically, age‐income profiles show marked differences by occupation and by education. In general, with increasing levels of education both the level and the slope of the age‐income profile increase; there is also a tendency of the variance of income to increase with age. Explanations of these facts are discussed. The human capital model is found defective in two ways: direct measurement of capital formation that occurs through on‐the‐job training is not feasible and the demand side of the labor market is ignored. Lydall's approach stressing the role of ability development is considered promising, yet lacking a theoretic integration of the relevant factors. The relation between education and ability is also reviewed. It is concluded that IQ is an important variable associated with educational attainment, but that its explanatory power with respect to earnings in addition to length of schooling is almost negligible. Moreover, its development over age cannot be held responsible for the age‐income profile, since its peak is far too early. Ability as a multidimensional concept appears attractive, though empirical problems are manifold. Finally, interesting direct empirical evidence on productivity development with experience is found in the literature on the learning curve. In certain jobs, where productivity can be measured directly, increasing experience on the job produces an asymptotic productivity profile.In the final section the conclusions are reviewed and used to briefly indicate a new theory. According to this theory, capabilities are the key variables in the labor market. Individual preferences regarding employment of these capabilities guide decisions about job choice. The labor market rewards capabilities and capability development over age explains the age‐income profile.
Regional citrate anticoagulation in CVVH: A new protocol combining citrate solution with a phosphate‐containing replacement fluid
Authors: Morabito Santo , Pistolesi Valentina , Tritapepe Luigi , Zeppilli Laura , Polistena Francesca , Fiaccadori Enrico , Pierucci Alessandro 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRegional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is a valid anticoagulation method in continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) and different combination of citrate and CRRT solutions can affect acid‐base balance. Regardless of the anticoagulation protocol, hypophosphatemia occurs frequently in CRRT. In this case report, we evaluated safety and effects on acid‐base balance of a new RCA‐ continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) protocol using an 18 mmol/L citrate solution combined with a phosphate‐containing replacement fluid. In our center, RCA‐CVVH is routinely performed with a 12 mmol/L citrate solution and a postdilution replacement fluid with bicarbonate (protocol A). In case of persistent acidosis, not related to citrate accumulation, bicarbonate infusion is scheduled. In order to optimize buffers balance, a new protocol has been designed using recently introduced solutions: 18 mmol/L citrate solution, phosphate‐containing postdilution replacement fluid with bicarbonate (protocol B). In a cardiac surgery patient with acute kidney injury, acid‐base status and electrolytes have been evaluated comparing protocol A (five circuits, 301 hours) vs. protocol B (two circuits, 97 hours): pH 7.39 ± 0.03 vs. 7.44 ± 0.03 (P < 0.0001), bicarbonate 22.3 ± 1.8 vs. 22.6 ± 1.4 mmol/L (NS), Base excess −2.8 ± 2.1 vs. −1.6 ± 1.2 (P = 0.007), phosphate 0.85 ± 0.2 vs. 1.3 ± 0.5 mmol/L (P = 0.027). Protocol A required bicarbonate and sodium phosphate infusion (8.9 ± 2.8 mmol/h and 5 g/day, respectively) while protocol B allowed to stop both supplementations. In comparison to protocol A, protocol B allowed to adequately control acid‐base status without additional bicarbonate infusion and in absence of alkalosis, despite the use of a standard bicarbonate concentration replacement solution. Furthermore, the combination of a phosphate‐containing replacement fluid appeared effective to prevent hypophosphatemia.
What is known on angiogenesis‐related rare diseases? A systematic review of literature
Authors: Rodríguez‐Caso Luis , Reyes‐Palomares Armando , Sánchez‐Jiménez Francisca , Quesada Ana R. , Medina Miguel Ángel 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAngiogenesis, the formation of new vessels from pre‐existing ones, is essential during ontogenetic development and is related to many important physio‐pathological processes in the adult. In fact, a persistent and deregulated angiogenesis is a required event for many diseases and pathological situations, including cancer progression and metastasis. Some rare diseases are also angiogenesis‐related pathologies. However, there is a lack of an exhaustive review on the topic. The main purpose of this work is to carry out a systematic review of literature to determine what (and how much) scientific information concerning angiogenesis‐related rare diseases can be extracted from available sources. After exhaustive searches in bibliographic databases, preselected data were filtered by selecting only those articles on rare diseases with an Orpha number hosted in the Orphanet web. The selected bibliographic references were further curated manually. With the 187 selected references, a critical reading and analysis was carried out allowing for an identification and classification of angiogenesis‐related rare diseases, the involved genes and the drugs available for their treatment, all on the basis of the information available in Orphanet database.
Perivascular cells for regenerative medicine
Authors: Crisan Mihaela , Corselli Mirko , Chen William C.W. , Péault Bruno 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are currently the best candidate therapeutic cells for regenerative medicine related to osteoarticular, muscular, vascular and inflammatory diseases, although these cells remain heterogeneous and necessitate a better biological characterization. We and others recently described that MSC originate from two types of perivascular cells, namely pericytes and adventitial cells and contain the in situ counterpart of MSC in developing and adult human organs, which can be prospectively purified using well defined cell surface markers. Pericytes encircle endothelial cells of capillaries and microvessels and express the adhesion molecule CD146 and the PDGFRβ, but lack endothelial and haematopoietic markers such as CD34, CD31, vWF (von Willebrand factor), the ligand for Ulex europaeus 1 (UEA1) and CD45 respectively. The proteoglycan NG2 is a pericyte marker exclusively associated with the arterial system. Besides its expression in smooth muscle cells, smooth muscle actin (αSMA) is also detected in subsets of pericytes. Adventitial cells surround the largest vessels and, opposite to pericytes, are not closely associated to endothelial cells. Adventitial cells express CD34 and lack αSMA and all endothelial and haematopoietic cell markers, as for pericytes. Altogether, pericytes and adventitial perivascular cells express in situ and in culture markers of MSC and display capacities to differentiate towards osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic cell lineages. Importantly, adventitial cells can differentiate into pericyte‐like cells under inductive conditions in vitro. Altogether, using purified perivascular cells instead of MSC may bring higher benefits to regenerative medicine, including the possibility, for the first time, to use these cells uncultured.
Topical application of phosphatidyl‐inositol‐3,5‐bisphosphate for acute lung injury in neonatal swine
Authors: Preuß Stefanie , Omam Friede D. , Scheiermann Julia , Stadelmann Sabrina , Winoto‐Morbach Supandi , von Bismarck Philipp , Adam‐Klages Sabine , Knerlich‐Lukoschus Friederike , Lex Dennis , Wesch Daniela , Held‐Feindt Janka , Uhlig Stefan , Schütze Stefan , Krause Martin F. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHypoxemic respiratory failure of the neonatal organism involves increased acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) activity and production of ceramide, a second messenger of a pro‐inflammatory pathway that promotes increased vascular permeability, surfactant alterations and alveolar epithelial apoptosis. We comparatively assessed the benefits of topical aSMase inhibition by either imipramine (Imi) or phosphatidylinositol‐3,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) when administered into the airways together with surfactant (S) for fortification. In this translational study, a triple‐hit acute lung injury model was used that entails repeated airway lavage, injurious ventilation and tracheal lipopolysaccharide instillation in newborn piglets subject to mechanical ventilation for 72 hrs. After randomization, we administered an air bolus (control), S, S+Imi, or S+PIP2. Only in the latter two groups we observed significantly improved oxygenation and ventilation, dynamic compliance and pulmonary oedema. S+Imi caused systemic aSMase suppression and ceramide reduction, whereas the S+PIP2 effect remained compartmentalized in the airways because of the molecule's bulky structure. The surfactant surface tensions improved by S+Imi and S+PIP2 interventions, but only to a minor extent by S alone. S+PIP2 inhibited the migration of monocyte‐derived macrophages and granulocytes into airways by the reduction of CD14/CD18 expression on cell membranes and the expression of epidermal growth factors (amphiregulin and TGF‐β1) and interleukin‐6 as pro‐fibrotic factors. Finally we observed reduced alveolar epithelial apoptosis, which was most apparent in S+PIP2 lungs. Exogenous surfactant “fortified” by PIP2, a naturally occurring surfactant component, improves lung function by topical suppression of aSMase, providing a potential treatment concept for neonates with hypoxemic respiratory failure.
Association ofSOD1andSOD2single nucleotide polymorphisms with susceptibility to gastric cancer in aKorean population
Authors: Han Lin , Lee Suk Woo , Yoon Jung Hwan , Park Yong Gyu , Choi Yoo Jin , Nam Suk Woo , Lee Jung Young , Wang Yin Ping , Park Won Sang 
Published: August 2012

Oxidative stress is accepted as one of the main factors involved in the development and progression of cancer. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are important in avoiding oxidative stress by eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS). To determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms atG7958AwithinSOD1and atT5482CwithinSOD2are associated with an increased susceptibility to gastric cancer, we investigated the genotype and allele frequencies of the genes from 294 gastric cancer patients and 300 healthy individuals. A polymerase chain reaction‐single strand conformation polymorphism assay was used to identify theSOD1G7958Aand theSOD2T5482Cgenotypes. Statistically significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies ofSOD2T5482Cwere found between the healthy controls and gastric cancer patients (p = 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). When the data were stratified according to gastric cancer histological subtypes, the risk of both diffuse‐ and intestinal‐type gastric cancer was statistically higher for carriers of the C allele compared with carriers of the T allele. However, there were no statistically significant differences in genotype distribution (p = 0.5069) and allele frequencies (p = 0.3714) ofSOD1G7958Abetween gastric cancer patients and controls. Our findings suggest that polymorphism of theSOD2T5482Cmay be closely associated with an increased susceptibility to the development and differentiation of gastric cancer in the Korean population.
Cleaning and modification of intraorally contaminated titanium discs with calcium phosphate powder abrasive treatment
Authors: Tastepe Ceylin S. , Liu Yuelian , Visscher Corine M. , Wismeijer Daniel 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the cleaning efficiency on intraorally contaminated titanium discs by using calcium phosphate and air powder abrasive (APA) treatment. The modification of titanium surface (SLA) was evaluated and compared with the conventional air powder abrasive methods and phosphoric acid. This treatment modality might give new perspectives for peri‐implant surface treatment.Materials and MethodsA total of 36 SLA surface titanium discs were kept in the human mouth for 48 h by 14 volunteers. The intraorally contaminated discs were stained with erythrosine dye to make the biofilm visible. Discs were randomly assigned to one of the six groups:

APA without powder‐only water and air (Control).
APA with Hydroxylapatite (HA).
APA with Hydroxylapatite and Calcium Phosphate (HA + TCP).
APA with Titanium Dioxide (TiO2).
APA with EMS Soft Subgingival powder (EMS).
Phosphoric Acid.
Light microscope photos were taken during the treatment. Following the cleaning, the residual biofilm, surface changes, and surface chemical content were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). A systematic random sampling protocol and a point counting method were applied for the quantitative evaluation of the remaining biofilm.Multiple comparisons within and between groups are performed by Kruskall Wallis test and if significant Mann–Whitney U‐test as post hoc testing is applied. The significance level was P < 0.05.ResultsAll methods with the exception of phosphoric acid could decrease the initial amount of biofilm significantly. Among all air powder abrasive treatments, the HA + TCP group showed the best results with 99% biofilm removal, followed by HA and EMS powders. The cleaning method caused minimal changes to the surface structure. With the exception of the control group, all air powder applications caused sharp edges around the grooves in the implant surface to be rounded. TiO2 powder caused less change than HA and HA + TCP. Phosphoric acid did not cause a visible surface change on the SEM photos. Powder particles remnants were observed on and impacted in the titanium surface. In the HA and HA + TCP group, a Ca content was observed varying between 2% and 5%. In the control group, saliva and biofilm‐related elements were observed.ConclusionsUsing the air powder abrasive method with calcium phosphate powders on contaminated titanium discs, an efficient implant cleaning and surface modification can be achieved. This method should be further improved as it has possible potential to be used as an implant surface treatment method for implants involved with peri‐implantitis.
Reye's or Reye's‐like syndrome in western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Authors: Minter Larry J. , Cullen John M. , Loomis Michael R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundA 15‐year‐old western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) died shortly after transfer to the North Carolina Zoo.MethodsComplete blood count, serum biochemical analysis, and necropsy were performed.ResultsCombination of compatible clinical signs, biochemical and histopathological findings fulfilled all of the CDC definition criteria of Reye's or a Reye's like syndrome.ConclusionsThis report describes a case of Reye's syndrome or Reye's‐like syndrome in a non‐human primate.
Periodontal tissue engineering with stem cells from the periodontal ligament of human retained deciduous teeth
Authors: Ji K. , Liu Y. , Lu W. , Yang F. , Yu J. , Wang X. , Ma Q. , Yang Z. , Wen L. , Xuan K. 
Published: August 2012

Background and Objective:  Periodontal ligament stem cells from human permanent teeth (PePDLSCs) have been investigated extensively in periodontal tissue engineering and regeneration. However, little knowledge is available on the periodontal ligament stem cells from human retained deciduous teeth (DePDLSCs). This study evaluated the potential of DePDLSCs in periodontal tissue regeneration.Material and Methods:  DePDLSCs were isolated and purified by limited dilution. The characteristics of DePDLSCs were evaluated and compared with PePDLSCs both in vitro and in vivo.Results:  DePDLSCs presented a higher proliferation rate and colony‐forming capacity than PePDLSCs in vitro. During the osteogenic induction, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralized matrix formation and expression of mineralization‐related genes, including runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), ALP, collagen type I (COLI) and osteocalcin (OCN) were significantly enhanced in DePDLSCs compared with PePDLSCs. Furthermore, DePDLSC cell sheets showed a stronger synthesis of collagen type I in the extracellular matrix than did PePDLSC cell sheets. After in vivo transplantation, DePDLSC cell sheets recombined with human dentin blocks were able to generate new cementum/periodontal ligament‐like tissues.Conclusion:  Our findings suggest that DePDLSCs can be used as a promising candidate for periodontal tissue engineering.
Wild Plum: novel blue fluorescent compounds capable of luminosity restoration in sun‐exposed skin
Authors: Reicks Cassie , Groathouse Jordan , Trauernicht Mitch , Sikich Sharmin , Wilson Mark V. , Holmes Andrea E. , Jackson Abby J. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundNovel, blue fluorescent solids referred to as Wild Plum compounds can camouflage skin imperfections when incorporated into cosmetic products. We evaluated the relationship between sun exposure and skin fluorescence and determined if the application of Wild Plum formulations could restore lost fluorescence without harming the skin.MethodsThe forehead skin of two groups of volunteers of mixed gender and age was examined for fluorescence and redness. In addition, subjects answered questions describing any adverse sensations they experienced after their skin was exposed to Wild Plum formulations for extended periods of time.ResultsFluorescence measurements of both solar and non‐solar skin indicated that repeated sun exposure causes a loss of skin fluorescence. Application of Wild Plum formulations caused an increase in skin fluorescence at all concentrations, restoring solar skin fluorescence to values well beyond that of non‐solar skin. Photo analysis and interview questions indicated that these formulations did not cause any symptoms of irritancy.ConclusionWild Plum compounds have the ability to restore fluorescence of solar skin to a level significantly higher than that associated with non‐solar skin. Skin appears more luminous and therefore more youthful. This fluorescence restoration is achieved at relatively low concentrations, without any harmful side effects.
Effects of photoperiod on the secretion of growth hormone and prolactin during nighttime in female goats
Authors: JIN Jin , YAEGASHI Tomoyoshi , HASHIZUME Tsutomu 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of photoperiod on nighttime secretion of growth hormone (GH) in goats. Adult female goats were kept at 20°C with an 8 h or 16 h dark photoperiod, and secretory patterns of GH for 8 h in the dark period were examined with the profile of prolactin (PRL) secretion. GH was secreted in a pulsatile manner in the dark period. There were no significant differences in pulse frequency between the 8‐ and 16‐h dark photoperiods; however, pulse amplitude tended to be greater in the group with the 16‐h dark photoperiod (P = 0.1), and mean GH concentrations were significantly greater in the same photoperiod (P < 0.05). PRL secretion increased quickly after lights off under both photoperiods. The PRL‐releasing responses were weaker in the 8‐h than 16‐h dark photoperiod. The secretory response to photoperiod was more obvious for PRL than GH. The present results show that a long dark photoperiod enhances the nighttime secretion of GH in female goats, although the response is not as obvious as that for PRL.
Do all stars in the solar neighbourhood form in clusters? A cautionary note on the use of the distribution of surface densities
Authors: Gieles Mark , Moeckel Nickolas , Clarke Cathie J. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Bressert et al. recently showed that the surface density distribution of low-mass, young stellar objects (YSOs) in the solar neighbourhood is approximately log-normal. The authors conclude that the star formation process is hierarchical and that only a small fraction of stars form in dense star clusters. Here, we show that the peak and the width of the density distribution are also what follow if all stars form in bound clusters which are not significantly affected by the presence of gas and expand by two-body relaxation. The peak of the surface density distribution is simply obtained from the typical ages (few Myr) and cluster membership number (few hundred) typifying nearby star-forming regions. This result depends weakly on initial cluster sizes, provided that they are sufficiently dense (initial half mass radius of ≲0.3 pc) for dynamical evolution to be important at an age of a few Myr. We conclude that the degeneracy of the YSO surface density distribution complicates its use as a diagnostic of the stellar formation environment.