bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of Complex Bicruciate Knee Ligament Injuries in Elite Athletes
Authors: Hirschmann Michael Tobias , Iranpour Farhad , Müller Werner , Friederich Niklaus F. 
Published: March 2010

Background: A traumatic knee dislocation represents a serious injury, particularly for athletes who have the highest demands on their knee function. Purpose: Our aim was to analyze the long-term outcome and return to sports after traumatic knee dislocation in elite athletes treated surgically according to a standardized treatment protocol and to identify predictive factors for a successful outcome. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A review of hospital medical records yielded 26 elite athletes with a knee dislocation (torn bicruciate ligaments and at least one torn collateral ligament), who had undergone an open complete single-stage reconstruction/primary repair of the cruciates and collateral ligaments including the posterolateral corner from January 1983 to August 2006. Return to sport (start of sport-specific training) was recorded. Return to the former level of sports activity was assessed. At a median follow-up of 8 years (range, 1-23 years), 24 patients (92%) were evaluated for instrumented anterior-posterior laxity (KT-1000 arthrometer) and scored on the visual analog scale (VAS pain, satisfaction), International Knee Documentation Committee form (IKDC), American Knee Society score, and Lysholm and Tegner score. Standard weightbearing and stress radiographs were taken. Results: Seventy-nine percent of patients (n = 19) returned to their previous sport after a median time of 5.5 months (range, 1.5-36 months), with 8 of them returning to preinjury levels. Eight percent had a VAS pain score >3. Thirteen percent of patients showed a flexion deficit >15°, and 8% showed an extension deficit >10°. The mean side-to-side differences for anterior and posterior laxity were 2.3 mm (range, 1-5 mm) and 2.0 mm (range, 2-7 mm), respectively. The total IKDC score was normal in 4, nearly normal in 12, abnormal in 6, and severely abnormal in 2 patients. The median Lysholm score was 91.8 (range, 37-100). The median Tegner score decreased from 9 (range, 7-10) to 7 (range, 2-10). The median American Knee Society score was 190 (range, 162-200). The median radiological anterior-posterior side-to-side differences in 30° and 90° flexion were 1 mm (range, 1-6 mm)/1 mm (range, 0-11 mm) and 1 mm (range, 0-7 mm)/3 mm (range, 0-11 mm), respectively. Patients treated more than 40 days after injury had a poorer outcomeon the satisfaction and relative Tegner scores. This group was also less successful in returning to sport compared with patients treated earlier. Conclusion: Athletes treated by early, open, complete single-stage reconstruction within 40 days of injury had better outcomes. Although 19 of 24 patients returned to sports with good functional outcomes and ligamentous stability, only 8 of 24 athletes reached their preinjury sports activity level.
Combining tractography and cortical measures to test system-specific hypotheses in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gorgoraptis Nikos , Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia AM , Jenkins Thomas M , Altmann Daniel R , Miller David H , Thompson Alan J , Ciccarelli Olga 
Published: March 2010

The objective was to test three motor system-specific hypotheses in multiple sclerosis patients: (i) corticospinal tract and primary motor cortex imaging measures differ between multiple sclerosis patients and controls; (ii) in patients, these measures correlate with disability; (iii) in patients, corticospinal tract measures correlate with measures of the ipsilateral primary motor cortex. Eleven multiple sclerosis patients with a history of hemiparesis attributable to a lesion within the contralateral corticospinal tract, and 12 controls were studied. We used two advanced imaging techniques: (i) diffusion-based probabilistic tractography, to obtain connectivity and fractional anisotropy of the corticospinal tract; and (ii) FreeSurfer, to measure volume, thickness, surface area, and curvature of precentral and paracentral cortices. Differences in these measures between patients and controls, and relationships between each other and to clinical scores, were investigated. Patients showed lower corticospinal tract fractional anisotropy and smaller volume and surface area of the precentral gyrus than controls. In patients, corticospinal tract connectivity and paracentral cortical volume, surface area, and curvature were lower with increasing disability; lower connectivity of the affected corticospinal tract was associated with greater surface area of the ipsilateral paracentral cortex. Corticospinal tract connectivity and new measures of the primary motor cortex, such as surface area and curvature, reflect the underlying white and grey matter damage that contributes to disability. The correlation between lower connectivity of the affected corticospinal tract and greater surface area of the ipsilateral paracentral cortex suggests the possibility of cortical adaptation. Combining tractography and cortical measures is a useful approach in testing hypotheses which are specific to clinically relevant functional systems in multiple sclerosis, and can be applied to other neurological diseases.
Differences in cortical and pituitary activity in response to hypoglycaemia and cognitive testing in healthy men with different basal activity of the renin-angiotensin system
Authors: Bie-Olsen Lise G , Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik , Kjær Troels W , Lonsdale Markus N , Law Ian , Thorsteinsson Birger 
Published: March 2010

Introduction. High renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity has been associated with a high risk of severe hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and with cognitive deterioration during experimental hypoglycaemia in healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to describe possible differences in cerebral activity during hypoglycaemia and cognitive testing in two groups of healthy men with different basal RAS activity. Methods. Ten healthy men with high RAS activity and 10 with low activity underwent six oxygen-15-labelled water positron emission tomography scans: twice during normoglycaemia, twice during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and twice during post-hypoglycaemia. During the scans, the subjects performed a computer-based reaction time test. Results. Occipital areas were consistently more activated in the low RAS group than in the high RAS group throughout all three conditions. During normoglycaemia, the frontal region was more activated in the low RAS group than in the high RAS group. During hypoglycaemia, the high RAS group was more activated in the pituitary gland than the low RAS group. Conclusion. Basal RAS activity influenced cerebral activity. Low RAS was associated with more pronounced cortical activation in all glycaemic conditions. High RAS was associated with pituitary activation during hypoglycaemia and post-hypoglycaemia, and this was associated with a greater growth hormone response.
Immune reconstitution after allogeneic transplantation and expanding options for immunomodulation: an update
Authors: Seggewiss Ruth , Einsele Hermann 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has advanced to a common procedure for treating also older patients with malignancies and immunodeficiency disorders by redirecting the immune system. Unfortunately, cure is often hampered by relapse of the underlying disease, graft-versus-host disease, or severe opportunistic infections, which account for the majority of deaths after HSCT. Enhancing immune reconstitution is therefore an area of intensive research. An increasing variety of approaches has been explored preclinically and clinically: the application of cytokines, keratinocyte growth factor, growth hormone, cytotoxic lymphocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells or the blockade of sex hormones. New developments of allogeneic HSCT, for example, umbilical cord blood or haploidentical graft preparations leading to prolonged immunodeficiency, have further increased the need to improve immune reconstitution. Although a slow T-cell reconstitution is regarded as primarily responsible for deleterious infections with viruses and fungi, graft-versus-host disease, and relapse, the importance of innate immune cells for disease and infection control is currently being reevaluated. The groundwork has been prepared for the creation of individualized therapy partially based on genetic features of the underlying disease. We provide an update on selected issues of development in this fast evolving field; however, we do not claim completeness.
Detection and quantification of 14 Campylobacter species in pet dogs reveals an increase in species richness in feces of diarrheic animals
Authors: Chaban Bonnie , Ngeleka Musangu , Hill Janet E 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
The genus Campylobacter includes many species, some of which are known human and animal pathogens. Even though studies have repeatedly identified domestic dogs as a risk factor for human campylobacteriosis, our understanding of Campylobacter ecology in this reservoir is limited. Work to date has focused primarily on a limited number of species using culture-based methods. To expand our understanding of Campylobacter ecology in dogs, a collection of fecal samples from 70 healthy and 65 diarrheic pet dogs were examined for the presence and levels of 14 Campylobacter species using quantitative PCR.

Results
It was found that 58% of healthy dogs and 97% of diarrheic dogs shed detectable levels of Campylobacter spp., with C. coli, C. concisus, C. fetus, C. gracilis, C. helveticus, C. jejuni, C. lari, C. mucosalis, C. showae, C. sputorum and C. upsaliensis levels significantly higher in the diarrheic population. Levels of individual Campylobacter species detected ranged from 103 to 108 organisms per gram of feces. In addition, many individual samples contained multiple species of Campylobacter, with healthy dogs carrying from 0-7 detectable species while diarrheic dogs carried from 0-12 detectable species.

Conclusions
These findings represent the largest number of Campylobacter species specifically tested for in animals and is the first report to determine quantifiable levels of Campylobacter being shed from dogs. This study demonstrates that domestic dogs can carry a wide range of Campylobacter species naturally and that there is a notable increase in species richness detectable in the diarrheic population. With several of the detected Campylobacter species known or emerging pathogens, these results are relevant to both ecological and public health discussions.
The effect of age on the response to the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
Authors: Lee Hyunju , Nahm Moon H , Kim Kyung-Hyo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundStreptococcus pneumoniaeis a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. To prevent invasive pneumococcal diseases, the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) is recommended in subjects over 65 years of age. Although it has been reported to provide approximately 50-80% protection against invasive disease in the general elderly population, there is still controversy as to the effectiveness of the PPV in the elderly.MethodsTo evaluate the immune response to the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in the elderly, samples from young adults and elderly were obtained before and one month after vaccination. The quantitative and qualitative response to the vaccine were measured by the ELISA and opsonophagocytic killing assay for eight vaccine type serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F) and one vaccine-related serotype (6A).ResultsThe response to the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine showed a similar response between adults and elderly when evaluated by the ELISA, however the functional activity of the antibodies elicited after vaccination were lower in the elderly group for more than half of the serotypes evaluated. In comparison of the antibody needed for 1:8 opsonic titer, more antibodies were needed in the elderly for serotypes Pn 4, 19F, 23F and 6A, suggesting the functional activity of antibody detected by the ELISA was lower in the elderly compared with the adult group for these serotypes. As for subjects with an opsonic titer <8 after vaccination, only one subject each for serotypes Pn 4, 9V and 6A were found in the adult group. However, up to 10 (30.3%) of the subjects did not show opsonic activity after vaccination in the elderly group for serotypes Pn 4, 9V, 14, 19A and 6A.ConclusionsAlthough the amount of antibodies elicited were similar between the two age groups, distinct differences in function were noted. This report highlights the importance of a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the immunogenic response to the PPV in the elderly age group.Trial registrationThis trial is registered with Clinical trials.gov. Registration number NCT00964769
Comparative detection of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum DNA in saliva and urine samples from symptomatic malaria patients in a low endemic area
Authors: Buppan Pattakorn , Putaporntip Chaturong , Pattanawong Urassaya , Seethamchai Sunee , Jongwutiwes Somchai 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Definite diagnosis of malaria relies on microscopy detection of blood stages of parasites in peripheral blood and requires blood sample collection. The nested PCR method has shown to be more sensitive and superior to microscopy in detecting co-infections of Plasmodium species in circulation while Plasmodium falciparum DNA can be identified in urine and saliva specimens of patients, albeit at a lower sensitivity.

Methods
Matched blood, saliva and urine samples were collected from 100 microscopy-positive and 20 microscopy-negative febrile patients who attended a malaria clinic in Tak Province, northwestern Thailand for nested PCR analysis targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of human malaria. Both P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax have been known to circulate at a comparable rate in the study area.

Results
Comparing with microscopy results, nested PCR of saliva samples had a sensitivity of 74.1% for P. falciparum detection and 84% for P. vivax detection while 44.4% and 34.0% of the corresponding values were observed for urine samples. Both nested PCR results of saliva and urine samples had a specificity of 100% for identification of P. falciparum and P. vivax when compared with nested PCR results from blood. Co-infections of both species were found in four, 26 and 8 patients by microscopy and nested PCR of blood and saliva samples, respectively. Although the positive rates of nested PCR of saliva samples for P. falciparum increased with parasite density, no tendency occurred in results from nested PCR of saliva samples for P. vivax as well as those of urine samples.

Conclusions
Saliva and urine samples could be alternative noninvasive sources of DNA for molecular detection of both P. falciparum and P. vivax. Further improvement of the detection method will offer an opportunity to use these samples for diagnosis of malaria.
Depression research: where are we now?
Authors: Lee Saebom , Jeong Jaehoon , Kwak Yongdo , Park Sang Ki 
Published: March 2010

AbstractExtensive studies have led to a variety of hypotheses for the molecular basis of depression and related mood disorders, but a definite pathogenic mechanism has yet to be defined. The monoamine hypothesis, in conjunction with the efficacy of antidepressants targeting monoamine systems, has long been the central topic of depression research. While it is widely embraced that the initiation of antidepressant efficacy may involve acute changes in monoamine systems, apparently, the focus of current research is moving toward molecular mechanisms that underlie long-lasting downstream changes in the brain after chronic antidepressant treatment, thereby reaching for a detailed view of the pathophysiology of depression and related mood disorders. In this minireview, we briefly summarize major themes in current approaches to understanding mood disorders focusing on molecular views of depression and antidepressant action.
Anti-HER-2 engineering antibody ChA21 inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of SK-OV-3 cells
Authors: Zhang AnLi , Xue Hua , Ling XiaoGuang , Gao Yi , Yang Feng , Cheng LianSheng , Liu Jing , Wu Qiang 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background and Aims
Anti-HER-2 antibodies targeting distinct epitopes have different biological functions on cancer cells. In a previous study, we demonstrated that anti-HER-2 engineering antibody ChA21 was able to bind to subdomain I of HER-2 extracellular domain. In this study, The effects of ChA21 on growth and apoptosis against ovarian carcinoma cell SK-OV-3 over-expressing HER-2 in vitro and in vivo were investigated.

Methods
Cell growth inhibition was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL stain, transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry on cultured cells and tissue sections from nude mice xenografts. The apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 were assessed by immunohistochemistry.

Results
We found that treatment of ChA21 caused a dose-dependent decrease of cell proliferation in vitro and a significant inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. ChA21 therapy led to a significant increase in the induction of apoptosis, and up-regulated the expression of Bax, while the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated.

Conclusion
These data suggest that ChA21 inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis of SK-OV-3 via regulating the balance between Bax and Bcl-2.
The International Documentation and Evaluation System IDES: a single center observational case series for development of an ankle prosthesis documentation questionnaire and study of its feasibility and face validity
Authors: Diel Peter , Thier Christoph , Aghayev Emin , Preis Markus , Dudda Marcel , Espinosa Norman , Röder Christoph 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe number of implanted total ankle replacements is increasing and most articles present short‐ and mid‐term results. Comparison of outcomes is difficult because of inconsistent terminology and different use of parameters.Materials and methodsWe created a module for total ankle prostheses in the framework of the International Documentation and Evaluation System (IDES). Content development was conducted with an iterative process based on a single surgeon series of 74 HINTEGRA©total ankle replacements and expert opinions.ResultsThe IDES ankle module comprises three forms A, B and C for recording of primary (A), revision (B) and followup (C) procedures. 74 primary interventions, 28 revisions and 92 followups could be documented in detail with the final version of the questionnaires.ConclusionThe IDES‐forms facilitate a structured and standardized data collection for total ankle arthroplasties. Implemented on the academic MEMdoc portalhttp://www.memdoc.orgof the University of Bern, all registered users can make use of IDES in its online or paper based versions.
Newborn of mothers affected by autoimmune thyroiditis: the importance of thyroid function monitoring in the first months of life
Authors: Rovelli Rosanna , Vigone Maria Cristina , Giovanettoni Chiara , Passoni Arianna , Maina Ludovica , Corrias Andrea , Corbetta Carlo , Mosca Fabio , Chiumello Giuseppe , Weber Giovanna 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
evaluation of thyroid function in neonates born from mothers affected by autoimmune thyroiditis in order to define if a precise follow-up is necessary for these children. The influence of maternal thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and L-thyroxine therapy during pregnancy on neonatal thyroid function was also investigated.

Methods
129 neonates were tested for thyroid function by measurement of free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in 3th day, 15th day and at one month of life. TPOAb were measured in all patients; periodical control of thyroid function were performed until 6 months of life if Ab were positive. Data concerning etiology of maternal hypothyroidism and maternal replacement therapy with L-thyroxine during pregnancy were retrospectively collected.

Results
28% neonates showed at least a mild increase of TSH value at the different determinations. In the majority of them, a spontaneous completely normalisation of TSH value was observed within the first month life. L-thyroxine replacement therapy was started in 3 neonates. TPOAb titer and maternal L-thyroxine replacement therapy were not related to alteration of thyroid hormone function in our study population.

Conclusions
transient mild elevation of serum TSH above the normal reference value for age is frequently observed in the first month of life in infants born from mothers affected by autoimmune thyroiditis. Persistent hyperthyrotropinemia requiring replacement therapy is observed in 2.2% of these neonates. According to our experience, follow-up is recommended in these newborns; the most accurate and not invasive way to carefully monitor these infants after neonatal screening for CH seems to be serum-testing TSH between 2ndand 4th week of life.
The relationship between CD4+CD25+CD127- regulatory T cells and inflammatory response and outcome during shock states
Authors: Hein François , Massin Frédéric , Cravoisy-Popovic Aurélie , Barraud Damien , Levy Bruno , Bollaert Pierre-Edouard , Gibot Sébastien 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Although regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) have a pivotal role in preventing autoimmune diseases and limiting chronic inflammatory conditions, they may also block beneficial immune responses by preventing sterilizing immunity to certain pathogens.

Methods
To determine whether naturally occurring Treg cells have a role in inflammatory response and outcome during shock state we conducted an observational study in two adult ICUs from a university hospital. Within 12 hours of admission, peripheral whole blood was collected for the measurement of cytokines and determination of lymphocyte count. Sampling was repeated at day three, five and seven. Furthermore, an experimental septic shock was induced in adult Balb/c mice through caecal ligation and puncture.

Results
Forty-three patients suffering from shock (26 septic, 17 non septic), and 7 healthy volunteers were included. The percentage of Tregs increased as early as 3 days after the onset of shock, while their absolute number remained lower than in healthy volunteers. A similar pattern of Tregs kinetics was found in infected and non infected patients. Though there was an inverse correlation between severity scores and Tregs percentage, the time course of Tregs was similar between survivors and non survivors. No relation between Tregs and cytokine concentration was found. In septic mice, although there was a rapid increase in Treg cells subset among splenocytes, antibody-induced depletion of Tregs before the onset of sepsis did not alter survival.

Conclusions
These data argue against a determinant role of Tregs in inflammatory response and outcome during shock states.
Detection and correction of false segmental duplications caused by genome mis-assembly
Authors: Kelley David R , Salzberg Steven L 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDiploid genomes with divergent chromosomes present special problems for assembly software as two copies of especially polymorphic regions may be mistakenly constructed, creating the appearance of a recent segmental duplication. We developed a method for identifying such false duplications and applied it to four vertebrate genomes. For each genome, we corrected mis-assemblies, improved estimates of the amount of duplicated sequence, and recovered polymorphisms between the sequenced chromosomes.