bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Iliopsoas Tendon and Its Relationship to the Acetabular Labrum
Authors: Alpert Joshua M. , Kozanek Michal , Li Guoan , Kelly Bryan T. , Asnis Peter D. 
Published: April 2009

Background Hip pain in patients with normal bony anatomy and anterior labral injury may be related to compression of the iliopsoas tendon across the anterior capsulolabral complex. No attempts to characterize the 3-dimensional anatomy of the iliopsoas tendon and its relationship to the acetabular labrum have been reported to date. Hypothesis The iliopsoas tendon directly overlies the capsulolabral complex. Contribution of the muscle belly and tendon to the overall circumference at the level of the labrum is approximately the same. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Materials and Methods Eight hip joints were dissected and cross-sectional measurements of the iliopsoas muscle-tendon complex were performed using digital calipers and image analysis software. Results The iliopsoas tendon in all specimens was located directly anterior to the anterosuperior capsulolabral complex at the 2 to 3 o'clock position. The overall length of the iliopsoas tendon from the lesser trochanter to the acetabular labrum was 75.4 ± 0.9 mm. The circumference of the iliopsoas tendon at the lesser trochanter was 25.5 ± 2.6 mm, the iliopsoas tendon at the level of the labrum was 28.4 ± 2.8 mm, and the iliopsoas tendon–muscle belly complex at the level of the labrum was 63.8 ± 7.4 mm. At the level of the labrum, the iliopsoas is composed of 44.5% tendon and 55.5% muscle belly. Conclusion The close anatomic relationship of the iliopsoas tendon to the anterior capsulolabral complex suggests that iliopsoas pathologic changes at this level may lead to labral injury. Additionally, these data suggest that at the level of the labrum, 45% of the tendon–muscle belly complex should be released to release the entire tendinous portion. Clinical Relevance Knowledge of the cross-sectional anatomy of the iliopsoas tendon and its relationship to the acetabular labrum will better assist surgeons in treating lesions associated with iliopsoas injury.
Social Work Administration Revisited
Authors: Tsui Ming-Sum , Cheung Fernando C.H. 
Published: April 2009

• Summary: This article examines the nature of social work administration, including the core concepts, context and content as well as the ways it differs from business administration. • Findings: The challenges faced by not-for-profit human service organizations in the changing world also were identified. The authors advocated that commercial values and social values should not be confused. Social work is profoundly influenced by the values of our society. Social work administrators must recognize their work is motivated and shaped by social values. • Applications : Recommendations for teaching, researching, and practising social work administration are also suggested.
Plerixafor and G-CSF versus placebo and G-CSF to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells for autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: DiPersio John F. , Stadtmauer Edward A. , Nademanee Auayporn , Micallef Ivana N. M. , Stiff Patrick J. , Kaufman Jonathan L. , Maziarz Richard T. , Hosing Chitra , Früehauf Stefan , Horwitz Mitchell , Cooper Dennis , Bridger Gary , Calandra Gary ,   for the 3102 Investigators
Published: April 2009

Abstract
This phase 3, multicenter, randomized (1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the safety and efficacy of plerixafor with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells in patients with multiple myeloma. Patients received G-CSF (10 μg/kg) subcutaneously daily for up to 8 days. Beginning on day 4 and continuing daily for up to 4 days, patients received either plerixafor (240 μg/kg) or placebo subcutaneously. Starting on day 5, patients began daily apheresis for up to 4 days or until more than or equal to 6 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg were collected. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients who collected more than or equal to 6 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg in less than or equal to 2 aphereses. A total of 106 of 148 (71.6%) patients in the plerixafor group and 53 of 154 (34.4%) patients in the placebo group met the primary endpoint (P < .001). A total of 54% of plerixafor-treated patients reached target after one apheresis, whereas 56% of the placebo-treated patients required 4 aphereses to reach target. The most common adverse events related to plerixafor were gastrointestinal disorders and injection site reactions. Plerixafor and G-CSF were well tolerated, and significantly more patients collected the optimal CD34+ cell/kg target for transplantation earlier compared with G-CSF alone. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00103662.
Impaired development of human Th1 cells in patients with deficient expression of STAT4
Authors: Chang Hua-Chen , Han Ling , Goswami Ritobrata , Nguyen Evelyn T. , Pelloso David , Robertson Michael J. , Kaplan Mark H. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
IL-12 activates STAT4, which is a critical regulator of inflammation and T helper type I (Th1) lineage development in murine systems. The requirement for STAT4 in the generation of human Th1 cells has not been examined thoroughly. Compared with control Th1 cultures, expression of the Th1 genes IFNγ, IL-12Rβ2, and TNFα is greatly reduced in Th1 cultures of CD4 T cells isolated from lymphoma patients after autologous stem cell transplantation who have acquired STAT4 deficiency. Moreover, IL-4 and IL-5 production is increased in patient Th1 cultures though there are no defects in the development of Th2 cells. Reconstitution of STAT4 in patient T cells allowed recovery of IFNγ and IL-12Rβ2 expression, whereas ectopic expression of IL-12Rβ2 did not rescue STAT4 expression, and increased IFNγ production only to levels intermediate between control and patient samples. These results demonstrate that, as in murine systems, STAT4 is required for optimal human Th1 lineage development.
Mortality in bronchiectasis: a long-term study assessing the factors influencing survival
Authors: Loebinger M. R. , Wells A. U. , Hansell D. M. , Chinyanganya N. , Devaraj A. , Meister M. , Wilson R. 
Published: April 2009

There is little literature about the mortality associated with bronchiectasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate factors affecting mortality in patients with bronchiectasis.In total, 91 patients were examined for aetiology, pulmonary function tests, high-resolution computed tomography, sputum microbiology and quality of life scores and were then followed over 13 yrs.Overall, 29.7% of the patients died. On multivariate analysis, age, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire activity score,Pseudomonas aeruginosainfection, total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume/TLC and the transfer factor coefficient were all independently associated with mortality.In patients with moderate to severe bronchiectasis, mortality is associated with a degree of restrictive and obstructive disease, poor gas transfer and chronic pseudomonas infection. These features should guide future research into disease progression, and identify those patients needing intensive treatment.
Cryptogenic haemoptysis in smokers: angiography and results of embolisation in 35 patients
Authors: Menchini L. , Remy-Jardin M. , Faivre J-B. , Copin M-C. , Ramon P. , Matran R. , Deken V. , Duhamel A. , Remy J. 
Published: April 2009

The aim of the present study was to describe angiographic findings and embolisation results in smokers with haemoptysis.We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and angiographic findings from 35 patients with smoking-related bronchopulmonary disease and no associated comorbidity, who were referred for embolisation for mild (n = 6), moderate (n = 14) and severe (n = 15) haemoptysis. Spirometric classification subdivided our population into: 16 patients with chronic bronchitis but no airflow limitation; and 19 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (stage I: n = 12; stage II: n = 5; stage III: n = 2).Bronchoscopy depicted focal submucosal vascular abnormalities in three patients and only endobronchial inflammation in 32 (91%) patients. Bronchial artery angiography revealed moderate (n = 18) or severe (n = 10) hypervascularisation in 28 (80%) patients, and normal vascularisation in seven (20%). No statistically significant difference was observed between the angiographic findings and the severity of COPD, tobacco consumption or the amount of bleeding. Cessation of bleeding was obtained by embolisation in 29 out of the 34 technically successful procedures (85%), requiring surgery in three out of five patients with recurrence. Follow-up (mean duration 7 yrs) demonstrated no recurrence of bleeding in 32 (94%) out of 34 patients and excluded late endobronchial malignancy.Smokers with various stages of COPD severity may suffer from haemoptysis that is efficiently treatable by endovascular treatment.
Present and future costs of COPD in Iceland and Norway: results from the BOLD study
Authors: Nielsen R. , Johannessen A. , Benediktsdottir B. , Gislason T. , Buist A. S. , Gulsvik A. , Sullivan S. D. , Lee T. A. 
Published: April 2009

The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) initiative provides standardised estimates of the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) worldwide. We estimate the current and future economic burden of COPD in Reykjavik, Iceland and Bergen, Norway using data from the BOLD initiative.Data on utilisation of healthcare resources were gathered from the BOLD survey, existing literature and unit costs from national sources. Economic data were applied to a Markov model using transition probabilities derived from Framingham data. Sensitivity analyses were conducted varying unit costs, utilisation and prevalence of disease.The cost of COPD was \#8364;478 per patient per yr in Iceland and \#8364;284 per patient per yr in Norway. The estimated cumulative costs of COPD for the population aged ≥40 yrs, were \#8364;130 million and \#8364;1,539 million for the following 10 yrs in Iceland and Norway, respectively. Costs of COPD accounted for 1.2 and 0.7% of healthcare budgets in Iceland and Norway, respectively. Sensitivity analyses showed estimates were most sensitive to changes in exacerbation frequency.COPD has a significant economic burden in both Iceland and Norway and will grow in the future. Interventions aimed at avoiding exacerbations will have the most impact on costs of COPD over the next 20 yrs.
Growth hormone excess and sternohyoid muscle mechanics in rats
Authors: Attal P. , Claes V. , Bobin S. , Chanson P. , Kamenicky P. , Zizzari P. , Lecarpentier Y. 
Published: April 2009

In vitroisotonic and isometric mechanical properties of the sternohyoid (SH) muscle, an upper airway dilator muscle, were studied in rats with a growth hormone (GH)-secreting tumour (GH tumour group; n = 10). The effects of muscle fatigue were also studied.Stress and shortening were measured in muscles contracting from zero load up to isometric load under tetanic conditions. Isometric stress and maximum unloaded shortening velocity were determined and compared with values obtained from control rats (n = 10). Crossbridge kinetics and energetics and mechanical efficiency were calculated from Huxley’s equations.Compared with controls, isometric stress, mechanical efficiency, crossbridge number and crossbridge single force were lower in the GH tumour group. The probability of crossbridge being in the power stroke configuration was lower in the GH tumour group than in controls. Muscle fatigue significantly impaired maximal muscle efficiency and crossbridge single force in the GH tumour group but not in controls.In conclusion, mechanical and energetic properties of the SH muscle and crossbridge properties were worse in the GH tumour group than in controls. This may partly account for impairment of the upper airway dilator muscle function and the increased occurrence of obstructive sleep apnoea in acromegaly.
Distinct clinical phenotypes of airways disease defined by cluster analysis
Authors: Weatherall M. , Travers J. , Shirtcliffe P. M. , Marsh S. E. , Williams M. V. , Nowitz M. R. , Aldington S. , Beasley R. 
Published: April 2009

Airways disease is currently classified using diagnostic labels such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The current definitions of these classifications may not reflect the phenotypes of airways disease in the community, which may have differing disease processes, clinical features or responses to treatment. The aim of the present study was to use cluster analysis to explore clinical phenotypes in a community population with airways disease.A random population sample of 25–75-yr-old adults underwent detailed investigation, including a clinical questionnaire, pulmonary function tests, nitric oxide measurements, blood tests and chest computed tomography. Cluster analysis was performed on the subgroup with current respiratory symptoms or obstructive spirometric results.Subjects with a complete dataset (n = 175) were included in the cluster analysis. Five clusters were identified with the following characteristics: cluster 1: severe and markedly variable airflow obstruction with features of atopic asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema; cluster 2: features of emphysema alone; cluster 3: atopic asthma with eosinophilic airways inflammation; cluster 4: mild airflow obstruction without other dominant phenotypic features; and cluster 5: chronic bronchitis in nonsmokers.Five distinct clinical phenotypes of airflow obstruction were identified. If confirmed in other populations, these findings may form the basis of a modified taxonomy for the disorders of airways obstruction.
Prediction of guide strand of microRNAs from its sequence and secondary structure
Authors: Ahmed Firoz , Ansari Hifzur Rahman , Raghava Gajendra PS 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are produced by the sequential processing of a long hairpin RNA transcript by Drosha and Dicer, an RNase III enzymes, and form transitory small RNA duplexes. One strand of the duplex, which incorporates into RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and silences the gene expression is called guide strand, or miRNA; while the other strand of duplex is degraded and called the passenger strand, or miRNA*. Predicting the guide strand of miRNA is important for better understanding the RNA interference pathways.ResultsThis paper describes support vector machine (SVM) models developed for predicting the guide strands of miRNAs. All models were trained and tested on a dataset consisting of 329 miRNA and 329 miRNA* pairs using five fold cross validation technique. Firstly, models were developed using mono-, di-, and tri-nucleotide composition of miRNA strands and achieved the highest accuracies of 0.588, 0.638 and 0.596 respectively. Secondly, models were developed using split nucleotide composition and achieved maximum accuracies of 0.553, 0.641 and 0.602 for mono-, di-, and tri-nucleotide respectively. Thirdly, models were developed using binary pattern and achieved the highest accuracy of 0.708. Furthermore, when integrating the secondary structure features with binary pattern, an accuracy of 0.719 was seen. Finally, hybrid models were developed by combining various features and achieved maximum accuracy of 0.799 with sensitivity 0.781 and specificity 0.818. Moreover, the performance of this model was tested on an independent dataset that achieved an accuracy of 0.80. In addition, we also compared the performance of our method with various siRNA-designing methods on miRNA and siRNA datasets.ConclusionIn this study, first time a method has been developed to predict guide miRNA strands, of miRNA duplex. This study demonstrates that guide and passenger strand of miRNA precursors can be distinguished using their nucleotide sequence and secondary structure. This method will be useful in understanding microRNA processing and can be implemented in RNA silencing technology to improve the biological and clinical research. A web server has been developed based on SVM models described in this studyhttp://crdd.osdd.net:8081/RISCbinder/.
Bioinformatics analysis suggests base modifications of tRNAs and miRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Iida Kei , Jin Hailing , Zhu Jian-Kang 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
Modifications of RNA bases have been found in some mRNAs and non-coding RNAs including rRNAs, tRNAs, and snRNAs, where modified bases are important for RNA function. Little is known about RNA base modifications in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Results
In the current work, we carried out a bioinformatics analysis of RNA base modifications in tRNAs and miRNAs using large numbers of cDNA sequences of small RNAs (sRNAs) generated with the 454 technology and the massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) method. We looked for sRNAs that map to the genome sequence with one-base mismatch (OMM), which indicate candidate modified nucleotides. We obtained 1,187 sites with possible RNA base modifications supported by both 454 and MPSS sequences. Seven hundred and three of these sites were within tRNA loci. Nucleotide substitutions were frequently located in the T arm (substitutions from A to U or G), upstream of the D arm (from G to C, U, or A), and downstream of the D arm (from G to U). The positions of major substitution sites corresponded with the following known RNA base modifications in tRNAs: N1-methyladenosine (m1A), N2-methylguanosine (m2G), and N2-N2-methylguanosine (m2
2G).

Conclusion
These results indicate that our bioinformatics method successfully detected modified nucleotides in tRNAs. Using this method, we also found 147 substitution sites in miRNA loci. As with tRNAs, substitutions from A to U or G and from G to C, U, or A were common, suggesting that base modifications might be similar in tRNAs and miRNAs. We suggest that miRNAs contain modified bases and such modifications might be important for miRNA maturation and/or function.
The complete mitochondrial genomes of two band-winged grasshoppers, Gastrimargus marmoratus and Oedaleus asiaticus
Authors: Ma Chuan , Liu Chunxiang , Yang Pengcheng , Kang Le 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
The two closely related species of band-winged grasshoppers, Gastrimargus marmoratus and Oedaleus asiaticus, display significant differences in distribution, biological characteristics and habitat preferences. They are so similar to their respective congeneric species that it is difficult to differentiate them from other species within each genus. Hoppers of the two species have quite similar morphologies to that of Locusta migratoria, hence causing confusion in species identification. Thus we determined and compared the mitochondrial genomes of G. marmoratus and O. asiaticus to address these questions.

Results
The complete mitochondrial genomes of G. marmoratus and O. asiaticus are 15,924 bp and 16,259 bp in size, respectively, with O. asiaticus being the largest among all known mitochondrial genomes in Orthoptera. Both mitochondrial genomes contain a standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and an A+T-rich region in the same order as those of the other analysed caeliferan species, but different from those of the ensiferan species by the rearrangement of trnD and trnK. The putative initiation codon for the cox1 gene in the two species is ATC. The presence of different sized tandem repeats in the A+T-rich region leads to size variation between their mitochondrial genomes. Except for nad2, nad4L, and nad6, most of the caeliferan mtDNA genes exhibit low levels of divergence. In phylogenetic analyses, the species from the suborder Caelifera form a monophyletic group, as is the case for the Ensifera. Furthermore, the two suborders cluster as sister groups, supporting the monophyly of Orthoptera.

Conclusion
The mitochondrial genomes of both G. marmoratus and O. asiaticus harbor the typical 37 genes and an A+T-rich region, exhibiting similar characters to those of other grasshopper species. Characterization of the two mitochondrial genomes has enriched our knowledge on mitochondrial genomes of Orthoptera.
Quality of reporting internal and external validity data from randomized controlled trials evaluating stents for percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Ethgen Morgane , Boutron lsabelle , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Roy Carine , Ravaud Philippe 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
Stents are commonly used to treat patients with coronary artery disease. However, the quality of reporting internal and external validity data in published reports of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of stents has never been assessed.
The objective of our study was to evaluate the quality of reporting internal and external validity data in published reports of RCTs assessing the stents for percutaneous coronary interventions.

Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted. Reports of RCTs assessing stents for percutaneous coronary interventions indexed in MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and published between January 2003 and September 2008 were selected. A standardized abstraction form was used to extract data. All analyses were adjusted for the effect of clustering articles by journal.

Results
132 articles were analyzed. The generation of the allocation sequence was adequate in 58.3% of the reports; treatment allocation was concealed in 34.8%. Adequate blinding was reported in one-fifth of the reports. An intention-to-treat analysis was described in 79.5%. The main outcome was a surrogate angiographic endpoint in 47.0%. The volume of interventions per center was described in two reports. Operator expertise was described in five (3.8%) reports. The quality of reporting was better in journals with high impact factors and in journals endorsing the CONSORT statement.

Conclusion
The current reporting of results of RCTs testing stents needs to be improved to allow readers to appraise the risk of bias and the applicability of the results.
A retrospective analysis of second-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Ji Sang Hoon , Lim Do Hyoung , Yi Seong Yoon , Kim Hyo Song , Jun Hyun Jung , Kim Kyoung Ha , Chang Myung Hee , Park Min Jae , Uhm Ji Eun , Lee Jeeyun , Park Se Hoon , Park Joon Oh , Park Young Suk , Lim Ho Yeong , Kang Won Ki 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
Because treatment of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients after failure with first-line chemotherapy remains controversial, we performed this retrospective analysis based on the data obtained from 1455 patients registered in a first-line treatment cohort with respect to receiving or not receiving subsequent chemotherapy.

Methods
The decision for administering second-line chemotherapy was, in most cases, at the discretion of the physician. Seven-hundred twenty-five (50%) received second-line chemotherapy after first-line failure. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on the recognized baseline parameters for survival.

Results
At the time of initiating second-line chemotherapy, the patients' median age was 56 years (range, 22 to 86) and 139 (19%) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 2 or more. Seven (1%) complete and 108 (15%) partial responses to second-line chemotherapy were observed for an overall response rate of 16% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13 to 19%). The median progression-free and overall survivals, calculated from the start of second-line chemotherapy, were 2.9 months (95% CI, 2.6 to 3.3) and 6.7 months (95% CI, 5.8 to 7.5), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that low baseline hemoglobin level (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% CI 0.61–0.90) and a poor performance status (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.52–0.83) were independent negative prognostic factors for overall survival.

Conclusion
Performance status, along with baseline hemoglobin level, could be used to identify the subgroup of patients most likely to benefit from second-line chemotherapy for AGC.