bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Histology in Chronic Kidney Disease‐related Mineral and Bone Disorder
Authors: Kazama Junichiro James 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA quantitative histological analysis of biopsied bone samples is currently regarded as the gold standard for a diagnosing procedure for bone diseases associated with chronic kidney disease‐related mineral and bone disorder. Conventionally, “bone cell activities” and “bone mineralization” are applied as two independent assessment axes, and the histology results are classified into five categories according to these axes. Recently, a new bone histology classification system called the Turnover‐Mineralization‐Volume system, which applied “cancellous bone volume” as another major assessing axis, was advocated; however, both classification systems have many unsolved problems. Clinicians must realize the limitations in evaluating bone metabolism by bone histology. We will need to establish a new classification method for renal bone diseases independent of histological findings.
Comparison between Whole and Intact Parathyroid Hormone Assays
Authors: Taniguchi Masatomo , Tanaka Motoko , Hamano Takayuki , Nakanishi Shohei , Fujii Hideki , Kato Hitoshi , Koiwa Fumihiko , Ando Ryoichi , Kimata Naoki , Akiba Takashi , Kono Takashi , Yokoyama Keitaro , Shigematsu Takashi , Kakuta Takatoshi , Kazama Junichiro James , Tominaga Yoshihiro , Fukagawa Masafumi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe standard measurement of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the intact PTH (iPTH) assay, which is used for approximately 90% of Japanese dialysis patients. The iPTH assay reacts not only with 1–84 PTH, but also with large truncated fragments of non‐1–84 PTH, including 7–84 PTH. On the other hand, the whole PTH assay is specific for 1–84 PTH. The aim of the current study was to define the validity of both whole and intact PTH assays. A total of 738 hemodialysis patients were enrolled from twelve dialysis services. The serum PTH level was evaluated by both intact and whole PTH assays simultaneously. Non‐1–84 PTH was determined by subtracting the whole PTH value from that of the intact PTH assay. The median level of whole PTH was 121 pg/mL, and that of iPTH was 210 pg/mL. The whole PTH assay had a very high correlation with the iPTH assay (r = 0.870, P < 0.001). For 43 out of 738 patients (5.8%) the value for intact PTH—whole PTH was <0. Both assays significantly correlated with non‐1–84 PTH (P < 0.001), while the iPTH assay, particularly, had a very high correlation with non‐1–84 PTH (r = 0.791). As a whole, 18% of the total population was misclassified into a different Japanese guideline category. Stratified by Japanese guideline classifications, 28% of patients within an iPTH target range were misclassified. Using Bland–Altman plot analysis, as the serum PTH level increased, there was a large difference between two assays. Both PTH assays correlate strongly, although the whole PTH assay may be more useful for precise evaluation of PTH function than the iPTH assay.
A multi‐species model to assess the effect of refugia on worm control and anthelmintic resistance in sheep grazing systems
Authors: Dobson RJ , Barnes EH , Tyrrell KL , Hosking BC , Larsen JWA , Besier RB , Love S , Rolfe PF , Bailey JN 
Published: May 2011

Objective  Develop a computer simulation model that uses daily meteorological data and farm management practices to predict populations of Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta and the evolution of anthelmintic resistance within a sheep flock. Use the model to explore if increased refugia, provided by leaving some adult sheep untreated, would delay development of anthelmintic resistance without compromising nematode control.Procedures  Compare model predictions with field observations from a breeding flock in Armidale, NSW. Simulate the impact of leaving 1–10% of adult sheep untreated in diverse sheep‐grazing systems.Results  Predicted populations of Tr. colubriformis and T. circumcincta were less than those observed in the field, attributed to nutritional stress experienced by the sheep during drought and not accounted for by the model. Observed variation in faecal egg counts explained by the model (R2) for these species was 40–50%. The H. contortus populations and R2 were both low. Leaving some sheep untreated worked best in situations where animals were already grazing or were moved onto pastures with low populations of infective larvae. In those cases, anthelmintic resistance was delayed and nematode control was maintained when 1–4% of adult stock remained untreated.Conclusions  In general, the model predicted that leaving more than 4% of adults untreated did not sufficiently delay the development of anthelmintic resistance to justify the increased production risk from such a strategy. The choice of a drug rotation strategy had an equal or larger effect on nematode control, and selection for resistance, than leaving 1–10% of adults untreated.
Tick Infestation and Spotted‐Fever Group Rickettsia in Shelter Dogs, California, 2009
Authors: Fritz C. L. , Kriner P. , Garcia D. , Padgett K. A. , Espinosa A. , Chase R. , Hu R. , Messenger S. L. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryIn response to an outbreak of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in Baja California in early 2009, dogs at two shelters in neighbouring Imperial County, California, were evaluated for ectoparasites. Brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), a recognized vector for RMSF, were found on 35 (30%) of 116 dogs but all ticks tested negative for Rickettsia rickettsii by PCR.
Effects of Pine Processionary Caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa Contact in Dogs: 41 Cases (2002–2006)
Authors: Niza M. E. , Ferreira R. L. , Coimbra I. V. , Guerreiro H. M. , Félix N. M. , Matos J. M. , de Brito T. V. , Vilela C. L. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThe pine processionary caterpillar, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, is considered an emerging pine pest in Mediterranean countries, with high medical relevance. In recent years, adverse reactions reports in humans following contact with T. pityocampa have been increasingly reported. Dogs living in pinewood areas are also frequently exposed to the caterpillar. This work consisted on a retrospective study of 41 cases of lepidopterism. All dogs presented drooling, dysphagia, submandibular lymphadenomegaly and clinical signs of pain. The animals were distributed in three groups, according to the time span from exposure to the caterpillar until presentation: up to 2 h (group 1), 2–5 h (group 2) and more than 5 h (group 3). All animals from groups 2 (n = 5) and 3 (n = 9), and eight dogs from group 1 (n = 27) developed lingual necrosis. Lepidopterism coursed through a predictable clinical pattern. The evolution was mainly dependent on the time span between exposure to the caterpillar and medical intervention, which should take place earlier than 2 h from exposure.
Encouraging acceptance of ambivalence using the expressive writing paradigm
Authors: Kelly Rebecca E. , Wood Alex M. , Shearman Katherine , Phillips Stephanie , Mansell Warren 
Published: May 2011

Objectives. Ambivalence is regarded as a key target for psychotherapeutic change. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a brief expressive writing intervention for reducing distress about goal ambivalence.Design. A sample of 40 undergraduate students were randomly allocated to an experimental ‘expressive writing’ condition or a control condition.Method. Participants rated their ambivalence about the 10 most important goals they were currently pursuing and rated how distressing they found these feelings of ambivalence. Participants then completed three short expressive writing sessions on consecutive days. Participants in the experimental condition participants wrote about their deepest thoughts and feelings relating to their ambivalence, and participants in the control condition wrote about how they had spent their time that day or week.Results. When controlling for baseline distress about ambivalence, there was a significant effect of writing condition on distress about ambivalence at follow‐up; individuals who wrote about their ambivalence experienced a significant reduction in their level of distress about ambivalence.Conclusion. It was concluded that expressive writing might represent an analogue of therapeutic approaches to encourage acceptance of ambivalence.
Inter-examiner reproducibility of clinical tests and criteria used to identify subacromial impingement syndrome
Authors: Vind Mikkel , Bogh Søren Bie , Larsen Camilla Marie , Knudsen Hans Kromann , Søgaard Karen , Juul-Kristensen Birgit 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionA specific algorithm has been proposed for classifying impingement related shoulder pain in athletes with overhead activity. Data on the inter-examiner reproducibility of the suggested clinical tests and criteria and their mutual dependencies for identifying subacromial impingement symptoms (SIS) are not available.ObjectiveTo test the inter-examiner reproducibility of selected tests and criteria suggested for classifying SIS and the mutual dependencies of each of the individual tests and SIS.MethodA standardised three-phase protocol for clinical reproducibility studies was followed, consisting of a training, an overall agreement and a study phase. To proceed to the study phase, an overall agreement of 0.80 was required. In total 10, 20 and 44 subjects were included in the three phases, respectively. The case prevalence in the study phase was 50%. The inclusion criterion for cases was ≥3, and for controls ≤1 positive test out of four. Cohen's κ statistics were used for calculating agreement.ResultsIn the overall agreement phase, an agreement of 0.90 was obtained, while in the study phase it was 0.98 with a κ of 0.95 for SIS. κ Values for the individual tests varied between 0.60 and 0.95. Mutual dependencies between each test and SIS showed Neer's test with anterior pain to be most often used to determine SIS.ConclusionsInter-examiner reproducibility was moderate to almost perfect for the selected tests and criteria for SIS. The next challenge will be to establish reproducibility in clinical practice, as well as the validity of the tests and criteria for SIS.
Quercetin with vitamin C and niacin does not affect body mass or composition
Authors: Knab Amy M. , Shanely R. Andrew , Jin Fuxia , Austin Melanie D. , Sha Wei , Nieman David C. 
Published: May 2011

In vitro and animal data suggest that quercetin affects adipogenesis and basal metabolism; however, whether this metabolic effect translates to reductions in body mass or improvement in body composition in humans is unknown. This study investigated 12-week supplementation of 2 different doses of quercetin, combined with vitamin C and niacin, on body mass and composition in a large, heterogeneous group of adults (n = 941; 60% female, 40% male; 18–85 years of age; 45% normal body mass index, 30% overweight, 25% obese). Subjects were randomized into 3 groups, with supplements administered in double-blind fashion: Q500 = 500 mg quercetin·day–1, Q1000 = 1000 mg quercetin·day–1, and placebo. Quercetin supplements were consumed twice daily over a 12-week period, and pre- and poststudy body mass and composition measurements were taken in an overnight fasted state. A general linear model was used to predict change in body mass and composition across groups with adjustment for demographic and lifestyle factors. Plasma quercetin increased in a dose-responsive manner in both Q500 and Q1000 groups relative to placebo. After adjustment for confounders, no significant differences in body mass (males interaction p value = 0.721, females p = 0.366) or body composition (males p = 0.650, females p = 0.639) were found between Q500 or Q1000 groups compared with placebo. No group differences in body mass or body composition were found in a subgroup of overweight and obese subjects. High-dose quercetin supplementation (500 and 1000 mg·day–1) for 12 weeks in a large, heterogeneous group of adults did not affect body mass or composition.
Predictive value of strength loss as an indicator of muscle damage across multiple drop jumps
Authors: Skurvydas Albertas , Brazaitis Marius , Venckūnas Tomas , Kamandulis Sigitas 
Published: May 2011

The aim of the present study was to compare the time-course of indirect symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage after 50 and 100 drop jumps. A high-force, low intensity exercise protocol was used to avoid discrepancies regarding metabolic fatigue immediately after exercise. Healthy untrained men performed 50 (“50 group”, n = 13) or 100 (“100 group”, n = 13) intermittent (30-s interval between each jump) drop jumps, respectively, from the height of 0.5 m with a counter-movement to a 90° knee flexion angle and immediate maximal rebound. Voluntary and electrically evoked knee extensor strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer immediately before and at 2 min after exercise, as well as 3, 7, and 14 days after exercise. Creatine kinase (CK) activity and muscle soreness within 7 days after exercise were also determined. The results showed that the decrease in voluntary isometric and isokinetic torque as well as 100 Hz stimulation torque at the end of the 50 and 100 drop jumps was very similar, while substantial differences were found in low-frequency fatigue, shift in optimal knee joint angle, muscle soreness, and CK activity. In addition, there was slower muscle strength recovery after the 100 drop jumps. It is concluded that the predictive value of strength loss immediately after exercise as an indicator of muscle damage decreases as the jump number increases. Still, stimuli must be large enough for muscle torque to reach the reduction plateau. Therefore, magnitude of exercise becomes a major factor in accuracy of muscle damage predictions.
Exercising women with menstrual disturbances consume low energy dense foods and beverages
Authors: Reed Jennifer L. , Bowell Jessica L. , Hill Brenna R. , Williams Brittany A. , De Souza Mary Jane , Williams Nancy I. 
Published: May 2011

Women with exercise-associated menstrual cycle disturbances (EAMD) restrict energy intake. Reducing energy density (ED; kcals·g–1of food or beverage) may be a strategy employed by EAMD women to maintain lower energy intake. The purpose of this study was 3-fold: to determine whether EAMD women consume low ED diets; to identify food groups associated with low ED; and to determine concentrations of total peptide YY (PYY), a satiety factor. Twenty-five active females were divided into 2 groups, according to menstrual status: EAMD (n = 12) and ovulatory controls (OV) (n = 13). Two 3-day diet records were analyzed for ED and other parameters. Body composition, fitness, resting metabolic rate, and PYY were measured. Groups did not differ in age, age of menarche, body mass index, maximal aerobic capacity, body fat (%), or amount of exercise per week. For fat mass (12.4 ± 1.7 vs. 14.9 ± 3.5 kg; p = 0.046), energy availability (28.8 ± 11.5 vs. 42.1 ± 9.2 kcal·kg–1FFM; p = 0.006), and energy intake (29.8 ± 9.2 vs. 36.3 ± 10.6 kcals·kg–1BW; p = 0.023), EAMD was lower than OV. ED was lower in EAMD than in OV (0.77 ± 0.06 vs. 1.06 ± 0.09 kcal·g–1; p = 0.018) when all beverages were included, but not when noncaloric beverages were excluded. Vegetable (p = 0.047) and condiment (p = 0.014) consumption and fasting PYY (pg·mL–1) (p = 0.006) were higher in EAMD. EAMD ate a lower ED diet through increased vegetable, condiment, and noncaloric beverage consumption, and exhibited higher PYY concentrations. These behaviors may represent a successful strategy to restrict calories and maximize satiety.
Measuring plasma impurities in Alcator C-Mod as a function of time in the extreme ultraviolet1This article is part of a Special Issue on the 10th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas.
Authors: Beiersdorfer P. , Brown G.V. , Kamp J.B. , Magee E.W. , Lepson J.K. , Podpaly Y. , Reinke M.L. 
Published: May 2011

A flat-field grazing-incidence grating spectrometer has been installed on the MIT Alcator C-MOD tokamak, following the installation of such a spectrometer on the Livermore electron beam ion trap facility and on the National Spherical Torus Experiment at Princeton. The spectrometer employs a variable space grating with an average spacing of 2400 lines/mm and covers the 10–70 Å wavelength band. It is being used to monitor the presence of impurity ions such as boron, oxygen, fluorine, argon, calcium, iron, molybdenum, and tungsten, and to calibrate spectral diagnostics of astrophysical plasmas. The Alcator instrument provides spectral emission data in a density regime that is one to three orders of magnitude higher than that covered by the other two instruments and thus produces complementary data.
Plasma polarization spectroscopy of atomic and molecular emissions from magnetically confined plasmas1This review is part of a Special Issue on the 10th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas.
Authors: Shikama T. , Fujii K. , Kado S. , Zushi H. , Sakamoto M. , Iwamae A. , Goto M. , Morita S. , Hasuo M. 
Published: May 2011

In spectroscopic measurements of magnetically confined torus plasmas, the line-integrated emission along a viewing chord is usually observed. However, by utilizing the dependence of the magnitude of the Zeeman splitting on the emission location, a few localized emissions existing along the viewing chord can be separated. A detailed analysis of the Zeeman split spectral lineshapes then makes it possible to evaluate the local values of the magnetic field strength, population density, temperature, and flow velocity. We have introduced polarization spectroscopy to improve the accuracy in separating the overlapped spectra. The polarization resolved Hα, He I, and H2 Fulcher-α band spectra are measured in the TRIAM-1M tokamak, and the atomic and molecular dynamics are investigated. Further progress in the simultaneous measurements of the Balmer series and Fulcher-α band spectra in LHD, and extension to the CH Gerö band spectra, are briefly presented.
Kα transition probabilities for platinum and uranium ions for possible X-ray biomedical applications1This article is part of a Special Issue on the 10th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas.
Authors: Nahar Sultana N. , Pradhan Anil K. , Lim Sara 
Published: May 2011

Platinum compounds, such as cisplatin and other high-Z materials, are increasingly common in biomedical applications. The absorption and emission of high-energy X-rays can occur via the 1s–2p Kα transitions in ions of heavy elements involving deep inner-shells. Oscillator strengths (f), line strengths (S), and radiative decay rates (A), for the 1s–2p transitions for the nine ionic states from hydrogen-like to fluorine-like, are presented for platinum and uranium. For platinum ions the Kα transitions are found to be in the hard X-ray region, 64–71 keV (0.18–0.17 Å), and for uranium ions they are in the range 94–105 keV (0.12–0.13 Å). Since the number of electrons in each ionic state of the element is different, the number of Kα transitions varies considerably. While there are two 1s–2p transitions (1s 2S1/2–2p [Formula: see text]) in H-like ions, there are 2, 6, 2, 14, 35, 35, and 14 transitions in He-like, Li-like, Be-like, B-like, C-like, N-like, and O-like ions, respectively, for a total of 112 Kα transitions for each element. These include both types of electric dipole (E1) allowed transitions, same-spin multiplicity and intercombination. The former dipole allowed transitions are in general strong; their radiative decay rates are of the order of A ∼ 1016 s–1. However, there are also many weaker transitions. We demonstrate the importance of these Kα transitions, as they appear as resonances in photo-ionization, which is relevant to the enhanced production of Auger electrons for possible radiation diagnostics and therapy.
Spectroscopic analysis and modeling of tungsten EBIT and Z-pinch plasma experiments1This article is part of a Special Issue on the 10th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas.
Authors: Osborne G.C. , Safronova A.S. , Kantsyrev V.L. , Safronova U.I. , Beiersdorfer P. , Williamson K.M. , Weller M.E. , Shrestha I. 
Published: May 2011

Spectral tungsten data taken on an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are analyzed between 3 and 8 Å for electron beam energies between 2.5 and 4.1 keV. The advantage of using charge state balancing with the experimental EBIT spectra for the identification of lines is employed and discussed. Theoretical Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code (HULLAC) modeling is then benchmarked against the experimental EBIT results. In particular, Co-, Ni-, Zn-, Cu-, Ga-, and Ge-like transitions were modeled independently using HULLAC to aid in charge state balancing. This model is then compared with Z-pinch plasma data collected on Zebra, the 1.6 MA pulse power generator located in the Nevada Terawatt Facility at the University of Nevada, Reno. The model is used to calculate charge balance and average ionization levels of these experimental plasma results, with particular focus on planar tungsten arrays.
Tungsten spectroscopy at the Livermore electron beam ion trap facility1This review is part of a Special Issue on the 10th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas.
Authors: Clementson J. , Beiersdorfer P. , Brown G.V. , Gu M.F. , Lundberg H. , Podpaly Y. , Träbert E. 
Published: May 2011

The utilization of tungsten spectroscopy for diagnostics of magnetically confined fusion plasmas requires the radiative properties of tungsten ions to be accurately known. At the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, a program to gather spectroscopic data on tungsten ions has been initiated with the purpose to study spectral signatures and identify candidate fusion plasma diagnostics. In this paper, an overview of recent results from the Livermore WOLFRAM spectroscopy project is presented, which includes experimental investigations at the EBIT-I and SuperEBIT electron beam ion traps. In particular, the spectra of highly charged M- and L-shell tungsten ions have been studied. These investigations cover energy measurements of n = 2 to n = 2, 3 transitions in Ne-like W64+ through Li-like W71+ ions and soft X-ray measurements of n = 3 to n = 3, 4 transitions in M-shell ions with emphasis on the Ni-like W46+ and Si-like W60+ through Na-like W63+ ions. The measurements are complemented by atomic-structure calculations and spectral modeling using the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC).