bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of axillary lymph nodes by diffusion‐weighted MRI using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide in patients with breast cancer: Initial clinical experience
Authors: Nakai Go , Matsuki Mitsuru , Harada Tomoaki , Tanigawa Nobuhiko , Yamada Takashi , Barentsz Jelle , Narumi Yoshifumi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the diagnostic performance and clinical feasibility of diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) in the evaluation of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) in patients with breast cancer.Materials and Methods:Sixteen patients with known breast cancer underwent 1.5 T MRI. Axial diffusion‐weighted images (DWIs) and conventional T1‐ and T2*‐weighted images (CIs) were acquired before and 24–36 hours after intravenous administration of USPIO. Detection of ALNs was evaluated on DWIs in comparison with CIs. The apparent diffusion coefficient values (ADCvs) of the nonmetastatic and metastatic nodes in precontrast DWIs were determined. The diagnostic performance of DWI using USPIO was compared with that of CIs using USPIO with pathological correlation.Results:Out of a total of 286 ALNs, 216/286 (76%) nodes were detected on DWIs and 238/286 (83%) on CIs. The differences in the ADCvs between metastatic and nonmetastatic nodes were not significant (P = 0.06). Sensitivity of CIs and DWIs using USPIO were respectively 70% and 83%, specificity 98% and 98%, and overall accuracy 93% and 95%.Conclusion:Although the detection on DWIs of ALNs in patients with breast cancer was inferior compared to CIs, the sensitivity and accuracy of DWIs using USPIO were superior in the diagnosis of ALNs metastasis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantification of renal perfusion: Comparison of arterial spin labeling and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Winter Jeff D. , St. Lawrence Keith S. , Cheng Hai‐Ling Margaret 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To provide the first comparison of absolute renal perfusion obtained by arterial spin labeling (ASL) and separable compartment modeling of dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moreover, we provide the first application of the dual bolus approach to quantitative DCE‐MRI perfusion measurements in the kidney.Materials and Methods:Consecutive ASL and DCE‐MRI acquisitions were performed on six rabbits on a 1.5 T MRI system. Gadolinium (Gd)‐DTPA was administered in two separate injections to decouple measurement of the arterial input function and tissue uptake curves. For DCE perfusion, pixel‐wise and mean cortex region‐of‐interest tissue curves were fit to a separable compartment model.Results:Absolute renal cortex perfusion estimates obtained by DCE and ASL were in close agreement: 3.28 ± 0.59 mL/g/min (ASL), 2.98 ± 0.60 mL/g/min (DCE), and 3.57 ± 0.96 mL/g/min (pixel‐wise DCE). Renal medulla perfusion was 1.53 ± 0.35 mL/g/min (ASL) but was not adequately described by the separable compartment model.Conclusion:ASL and DCE‐MRI provided similar measures of absolute perfusion in the renal cortex, offering both noncontrast and contrast‐based alternatives to improve current renal MRI assessment of kidney function. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vegetation history of the penultimate glacial period (Marine isotope stage 6) at Ioannina, north‐west Greece
Authors: Roucoux K. H. , Tzedakis P. C. , Lawson I. T. , Margari V. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe vegetational history of the penultimate glacial period, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 (c. 185–135 ka), has remained relatively unexplored. Here we present a new record from the Ioannina basin, north‐west Greece, which constitutes the highest‐resolution terrestrial pollen record for this interval produced to date. It shows that the vegetation history of MIS 6 in this region can be divided into two parts: an early period (185–155 ka) with pronounced oscillations in tree population extent, and a later period (155–135 ka) with much smaller tree populations and subdued oscillations. This pattern is analogous to the MIS 3/MIS 2 division during the last glacial in the same sequence, although the early part of MIS 6 had larger Pinus populations and fewer temperate trees relative to the equivalent interval in MIS 3. This implies cooler and wetter conditions, which is somewhat counterintuitive given the high summer insolation during MIS 6e, but is in line with other palaeoclimatic evidence from the Mediterranean. Comparison with North Atlantic records suggests that despite the absence of pronounced iceberg discharges during MIS 6, North Atlantic millennial‐scale variability had a significant downstream impact on tree populations in north‐west Greece. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reassessment of late glacial – Holocene diatom oxygen isotope record from Lake Baikal using a geochemical mass‐balance approach
Authors: Mackay Anson W. , Swann George E. A. , Brewer Tim S. , Leng Melanie J. , Morley David W. , Piotrowska Natalia , Rioual Patrick , White Dustin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe present a new palaeoenvironmental record of hydrological variability in Lake Baikal, based on re‐modelled δ18Odiatom values of diatom silica (δ18Omodelled), where the residual contaminants are identified and compensated for using electron optical imaging and whole‐sample geochemistry. δ18Omodelled interpretations are based on the balance between rivers with high δ18O values and rivers with low δ18O values. Isotopic variability is related to latitudinal differences in precipitation which feed these rivers. The δ18Omodelled record suggests that rather moist conditions prevailed in the Lake Baikal region during the latter stages of the Younger Dryas. Throughout the Holocene, episodes of low δ18Omodelled values are, in general, in good agreement with increases in percentage haematite‐stained grains in North Atlantic sediments (indicative of ice‐rafted debris events). Rivers with southerly catchments dominate fluvial input especially between c. 3.3 and 2 cal ka BP, concurrent with high precipitation in the Lake Baikal region. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inelastic light scattering studies of diffuse phase transition in ferroelectric Sr1.9Ca0.1NaNb5O15 thin films
Authors: Liu W. C. , Zhou W. , Sooryakumar R. , Mak C. L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe dynamic behavior of highly oriented ferroelectric Sr1.9Ca0.1NaNb5O15 thin films has been investigated by Brillouin light scattering over a wide temperature range between 25 and 450 °C. The temperature variations of the full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of the central peak (CP) are found to exhibit marked changes around the Curie temperature (Tc = 246 °C). The CP reveals a relaxational mode behavior, which is attributed to thermally activated fast relaxation of polar nanoregions (PNRs). The width of the CP decreases steadily upon cooling from ∼400 °C to Tc and shows little subsequent change within the ferroelectric state, indicating an increase of the number of PNRs and a slowing down of their dynamics. By using a modified superparaelectric model, the activation energy (H0) of the relaxation processes and the Burns temperature (TB) are determined to be 2939 and 385 °C, respectively. The evidence for this diffuse phase transition provided by Brillouin scattering is in agreement with results obtained from the temperature‐dependent dielectric permittivity, refractive index, and Raman spectra. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The symptom‐to‐diagnosis delay in soft tissue sarcoma influence the overall survival and the development of distant metastasis
Authors: Nakamura Tomoki , Matsumine Akihiko , Matsubara Takao , Asanuma Kunihiro , Uchida Astumasa , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundThere are very few reports regarding the impact of the symptom that caused patients to consult a doctor and the symptom‐to‐diagnosis delay on survival for soft tissue sarcoma patients. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether symptom‐treatment delay are associated with the presence of metastasis at diagnosis, overall survival and distant metastasis‐free survival in primary soft tissue sarcomas.MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 100 newly diagnosed patients with primary soft tissue sarcoma referred to our hospital.ResultsEighteen of 100 sarcoma patients had distant metastases at diagnosis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that tumor size, tumor site, and the interval between the onset of the initial symptom and the first consultation to our hospital were all found to be significant predictors of distant metastases at diagnosis. The patients (n = 48) who were treated within the first 6 months from the onset of the initial symptom showed significantly better cumulative overall survival rate than those (n = 34) who were diagnosed more than 6 months (5‐years: 77.0% vs. 59.7%).ConclusionThese results suggest that a shorter delay may have a beneficial effect on treatment options and outcome, improving survival in some sarcoma patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:771–775. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative comparison of surgical margin histology following excision with traditional electrosurgery and a low‐thermal‐injury dissection device
Authors: Ruidiaz Manuel E. , Cortes‐Mateos Maria J. , Sandoval Sergio , Martin David T. , Wang‐Rodriguez Jessica , Hasteh Farnaz , Wallace Anne , Vose Joshua G. , Kummel Andrew C. , Blair Sarah L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis study is the first to examine in vivo the effect of thermal injury in breast conservation pathology in a direct comparison of traditional electrosurgery and an alternative low‐thermal‐injury device.MethodsA prospective study of 20 consecutive subjects with biopsy‐proven invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tumors 1 cm was conducted. Following excision, incisions were made into the tumor with the two devices. Thermal injury depth, margin distance, tissue type, and histological effect were compared on the same breast tissue cut with each excision instrument. A probability evaluation of close and positive margin cases for the true tumor margins was conducted.ResultsCompared to traditional electrosurgery, the low‐thermal‐injury instrument reduced collagen denaturation depth from 435 to 102 µm (77%), fused tissue depth from 262 to 87 µm (67%), and distortion depth from 1,132 to 774 µm (30%).ConclusionsBased on analysis of the close subset of the true margins, using the traditional electrosurgical device in place of the low‐thermal‐injury device would have resulted in 48% of the close margin samples being negatively converted to false‐positive, and in 11% converting from close to false‐negative. The methodology of this work may be readily applied to larger, more definitive studies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:746–754. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) receptors in human pancreatic cancer
Authors: LV G.M. , Li P. , Wang W.D. , Wang Sh.K. , Chen J.F. , Gong Y.L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a naturally occurring phospholipid with diverse effects on various cells, ranging from immediate morphological change to long‐lasting cellular function alteration such as induction of stimulation of cell proliferation, survival, drug resistance, and motility. LPA interacts with cells through specific cell surface receptors. LPA1/Edg‐2, LPA2/Edg‐4, and LPA3/Edg‐7 are three most common LPA receptors. Herein we review the roles of LPA and its receptors in the carcinogenesis of human malignancies, with focus on pancreatic cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:685–691. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photodynamic therapy outcome for T1/T2 N0 oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jerjes Waseem , Upile Tahwinder , Hamdoon Zaid , Alexander Mosse Charles , Morcos Mira , Hopper Colin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIntroductionThis new prospective clinical study assessed the oncological outcomes following surface illumination mTHPC‐photodynamic therapy of T1/T2 N0 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients.Material/MethodsThirty‐eight patients participated in this study. Their mean age at the first diagnosis of OSCC was 58.0 years. Common clinical presentation was an ulcer mainly identified in the tongue, floor of mouth (FOM), or buccal mucosa. Current and ex‐smokers represented 89.5% of the cohort; while current and ex‐drinkers were 86.8%. Clinically nine patients had T1 disease while 29 had T2 disease.ResultsPathological analysis revealed that 12 patients had well differentiated SCC, 16 moderately differentiated and 10 had poorly‐differentiated cancer. All patients were discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting and, subsequently, underwent mTHPC‐PDT. PDT was repeated in 6‐ to 7‐month period following the first round when residual tumor was identified in the treated site. At last clinic review post‐PDT, 26/38 patients showed complete normal clinical appearance of their oral mucosa in the primary tumor site. Recent surgical biopsies from the study cohort showed that 17 had normal mucosa, five with hyperkeratinization, 10 with dysplastic changes and six showed recurrent SCC. The overall recurrence was 15.8% and the 5‐year survival was 84.2%. Death from loco‐regional and distant disease spread was identified in three patients. The recurrence group comprised six patients. Most common presentation was an ulcer involving the buccal mucosa or retromolar area, identified in current or ex‐smokers and current drinkers. The surgical margins in this group were also evaluated following laser or surgical excision and reconstruction.ConclusionsmTHPC‐photodynamic therapy (up to three rounds) is a comparable modality to other traditional interventions in the management of low‐risk tumors of the oral cavity. Although, sometimes, multiple rounds of the treatment is required, morbidity following PDT is far less when compared to the three conventional modalities: surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:463–469, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The acute effect of increased laser energy during the excimer laser‐assisted non‐occlusive anastomosis procedure on the vessel wall of the recipient artery: A histopathological study
Authors: Biesbroek Matthijs , van Doormaal Tristan P.C. , van der Zwan Albert , Tulleken Cornelis A.F. , Regli Luca , Heijnen Harry F.G. , Vink Aryan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe excimer laser‐assisted non‐occlusive anastomosis (ELANA) technique is a way of making an anastomosis of vessels without temporal occlusion that is used for cerebral revascularization. Currently, 10 mJ of laser energy is used during the ELANA procedure. We have recently demonstrated that increasing the laser energy may increase flap retrieval rate. The aim of the present study was to study the acute effect of increased laser energy during the ELANA procedure on the recipient vessel wall.Materials and MethodsThe ELANA technique was performed on the abdominal aortas of rabbits under anesthesia using three categories of laser energy (two laser episodes of 10, 13, and 15 mJ, respectively). The rabbits were subsequently sacrificed and the anastomoses were removed. A non‐lased rabbit aorta was used as control. Recipient arteries were studied using histopathology and transmission electron microscopy.ResultsIn all three categories of laser energy and in the control group, the tunica media and adventitia adjacent to the anastomosis were intact, apart from damage caused by sutures. In the control group, the endothelium was fully intact. In the 10 and 13 mJ subgroups, the endothelium was mostly intact [92% (range 85–98) and 87% (range 80–90) for 10 and 13 mJ, respectively]. In the 15 mJ subgroup, most of the endothelium was absent [32% (range 20–40) of endothelium intact], predominantly at the side opposed to the anastomosis.ConclusionIncreasing the laser energy during the ELANA procedure from 10 to 13 mJ does not cause additional acute damage to the vessel wall. Increasing the laser energy from 13 to 15 mJ results in increased acute damage of the endothelium, whereas tunica media and adventitia remain unaffected. Further studies are required to assess the long‐term effects of increased laser energy during the ELANA technique. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:522–527, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sutureless sealing of penetrating corneal wounds using a laser‐activated thin film adhesive
Authors: Shahbazi Jeyran , Marçal Helder , Watson Stephanie , Wakefield Denis , Sarris Maria , Foster L. John R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo demonstrate the feasibility of a novel, thin film, laser‐activated adhesive in sealing penetrative corneal wounds with a view to replacing sutures in ophthalmic operations.MethodsA previously described thin film adhesive composed of chitosan and indocyanine green activated by infrared laser (808 nm) was used to seal penetrating corneal wounds ranging from 1 to 6 mm in size in enucleated bovine eyes. The excised corneas were subjected to pressure tests to evaluate the strength of the corneal repairs and compared to sutures and commercial fibrin glue, Tisseel®. Temperatures at the adhesive–tissue interface were measured and histological examinations of the repairs performed to investigate potential tissue damage. Biodegradability of the films was monitored in lysozyme solutions at concentrations reported in tears.ResultsThe adhesive effectively sealed corneal wounds, withstanding pressures of 140–320 mmHg, far in excess of the normal intraocular pressure. In contrast, pressures of 40–80 mm Hg were determined using a combination of sutures with Tisseel® as a sealant. The laser‐activation process was 1.5–5 times faster than other procedures studied and required no curing time. A transient, mean temperature of 56 ± 2°C was measured at the adhesive–tissue interface while histology showed no tissue damage as a consequence of the irradiation process. Irradiation had no significant influence on adhesive biodegradation in vitro, which lost approximately 30% of their initial weight in a lysozyme solution (6 mg ml−1).ConclusionsThe thin film adhesive was found to be an effective in sealing corneal wounds with considerable advantages over sutures, including speed of application and sealing strength and biodegradability. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:490–498, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser reshaping of costal cartilage for transplantation
Authors: Baum Olga I. , Soshnikova Yulia M. , Sobol Emil N. , Korneychuk Andrey Ya. , Obrezkova Mariya V. , Svistushkin Valeriy M. , Timofeeva Oxana K. , Lunin Valeriy V. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLaser reshaping of cartilage is a new effective and safe technique for correction of nasal septum and ear deformities. Costal cartilage is a most suitable natural material for transplantation. The problem is to obtain stable proper shape of cartilage implants. The objective of this article is to study reshaping of porcine costal cartilage for larynx stenosis surgery using Erbium glass fiber laser.Materials and MethodsPorcine cartilage plates 3 mm in thickness were mechanically curved and irradiated (1) on one side (stretched or compressed) and (2) on both sides with different sequence. Irradiation was performed using a 1.56 µm laser with power varied from 1 to 2.5 W, exposure time from 5 to 20 seconds, spot diameter of 2.5 mm, pulse duration of 500 milliseconds, pulse repetition rate of 1.4 Hz. For each laser setting, stable curvature radius was measured during 24 hours after the experiment. Irradiated samples were analyzed by means of differential scanning calorimerty (DSC) to reveal the collagen denaturation degree.ResultsThe optimum laser setting for stable reshaping of costal cartilage without visual thermal damage of cartilage matrix was established: laser power of 2.2 W, exposure time of 6 seconds. Nonlinear thermomechanical behavior of cartilage in the course of its laser reshaping is experimentally revealed. The influence of irradiation sequence on the curvature radius of cartilage implant is found for the first time. It is shown that (1) it is possible to use laser reshaping technique for making stable proper shape of costal cartilage, and (2) primary irradiation of compressed side followed with an irradiation of stretched side is more effective than reverse sequence of laser treatment. DSC analysis showed that thermal effect of irradiated specimens (2.58–3.79 J/g) was slightly lower that that for intact cartilage specimens and considerably lower than that for denaturation of collagen (65 ± 5 J/g).ConclusionsIt is possible to use laser reshaping technique for preparation of stable cartilage implants. Nonlinear thermomechanical behavior of cartilage is experimentally revealed. The influence of irradiation sequence on curvature radius of cartilage grafts is established for the first time. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:511–515, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous wave terahertz transmission imaging of nonmelanoma skin cancers
Authors: Joseph Cecil S. , Yaroslavsky Anna N. , Neel Victor A. , Goyette Thomas M. , Giles Robert H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveContinuous wave terahertz imaging has the potential to offer a safe, noninvasive medical imaging modality for delineating human skin cancers. Terahertz pulse imaging (TPI) has already shown that there is contrast between basal cell carcinoma and normal skin. Continuous‐wave imaging offers a simpler, lower cost alternative to TPI. The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of continuous wave terahertz imaging for delineating skin cancers by demonstrating contrast between cancerous and normal tissue in transmission mode.Materials and MethodsTwo CO2 optically pumped far‐infrared molecular gas lasers were used for illuminating the tissue at two frequencies, 1.39 and 1.63 THz. The transmitted signals were detected using a liquid Helium cooled Silicon bolometer. Fresh skin cancer specimens were obtained from Mohs surgeries. The samples were processed and imaged within 24 hours after surgery. During the imaging experiment the samples were kept in pH‐balanced saline to prevent tissue dehydration. At both THz frequencies two‐dimensional THz transmission images of nonmelanoma skin cancers were acquired with spatial resolution of 0.39 mm at 1.4 THz and 0.49 mm at 1.6 THz. For evaluation purposes, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histology was processed from the imaged tissue.ResultsA total of 10 specimens were imaged and it was determined that for both frequencies, the areas of decreased transmission in the THz image correlated well with cancerous areas in the histopathology. Two negative controls were also imaged. The difference in transmission between normal and cancerous tissue was found to be approximately 60% at both frequencies, which suggests that contrast between normal and cancerous tissue at these frequencies is dominated by differences in water content.ConclusionsOur results suggest that intraoperative delineation of nonmelanoma skin cancers using continuous‐wave terahertz imaging is feasible. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:457–462, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.