bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD8+ T Cell Responses following Replication-Defective Adenovirus Serotype 5 Immunization Are Dependent on CD11c+ Dendritic Cells but Show Redundancy in Their Requirement of TLR and Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor Signaling
Authors: Lindsay Ross W. B. , Darrah Patricia A. , Quinn Kylie M. , Wille-Reece Ulrike , Mattei Lisa M. , Iwasaki Akiko , Kasturi Sudhir P. , Pulendran Bali , Gall Jason G. D. , Spies A. Gregory , Seder Robert A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Replication-defective adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) is the most potent recombinant vector for eliciting CD8 T cell responses in humans. In this study, the innate mechanisms that influence T cell responses following rAd5 immunization were assessed in mice. Using rAd5 expressing enhanced GFP (eGFP-rAd5), we show that rAd5 transfects CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) in draining lymph nodes in vivo following s.c. or i.m. immunization. Among distinct DC subsets, eGFP expression was highest in CD11c+CD8−B220− with a lower frequency detected in CD11c+CD8+B220− and CD11c+B220+ plasmacytoid DCs. CD11c+ DCs but not CD11c− cells from mice immunized with rAd5 encoding the SIINFEKL peptide induced proliferation of naive OT-I CD8 T cells. Furthermore, CD11c+CD8+B220− was the most potent DC subset for eliciting naive OT-I CD8 T cell proliferation. Of note, mice with pre-existing immunity to rAd5 had a substantial decrease in eGFP expression in DCs, which was associated with ~2-fold decrease in Th1 and complete inhibition of CD8 responses. Thus, pre-existing rAd5 immunity has a greater influence on CD8 compared with CD4 T cell responses. In terms of how innate cytokines and signaling pathways influenced T cell immunity following rAd5 immunization, we show that the magnitude and quality of CD8 T cell responses are partially dependent on MyD88 but independent of IL-12, type I IFN, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3, and IL-1. Taken together, these data demonstrate a critical role for CD11c+ DCs for CD8 responses but striking redundancy for innate cytokines and signaling by TLR and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pathways.
Antibodies to HLA-E in Nonalloimmunized Males: Pattern of HLA-Ia Reactivity of Anti–HLA-E–Positive Sera
Authors: Ravindranath Mepur H. , Kaneku Hugo , El-Awar Nadim , Morales-Buenrostro Luis E. , Terasaki Paul I. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Natural anti-HLA Abs found in sera of healthy nonalloimmunized males recognize HLA-Ia alleles parallel to those recognized by anti–HLA-E mAbs (MEM-E/02/06/07). Therefore, some of the HLA-Ia Abs seen in healthy males could be due to anti–HLA-E Abs cross-reacting with HLA-Ia. If anti–HLA-E Abs occur in healthy nonalloimmunized males, it can be assessed whether they evoke HLA-Ia reactivity as do mouse HLA-E mAbs. IgG and IgM Abs to HLA-E and HLA-Ia alleles are identified in sera of healthy males using microbeads coated with recombinant denatured HLA-E or a panel of rHLA-Ia alleles. The pattern of allelic recognition is comparable to that of anti–HLA-E mAbs. Sixty-six percent of the sera with HLA-E IgG have a high level of HLA-Ia IgG, whereas 70% of those with no anti–HLA-E Abs have no HLA-Ia Abs. HLA-E IgM/IgG ratios of sera are divided into four groups: IgMLow/IgGLow, IgMHigh/IgGLow, IgMHigh/IgGHigh, and IgMLow/IgGHigh. These groups correspond to anti–HLA-Ia IgM/IgG ratio groups. When HLA-E IgM and IgG are absent or present in males, the IgM or IgG of HLA-Ia are similarly absent or present. The mean fluorescent intensity of HLA-Ia Abs correlates with that of anti–HLA-E Abs. Most importantly, HLA-E and HLA-Ia reactivities of the sera are inhibited by the shared, but cryptic, peptide sequences 117AYDGKDY123 and 137DTAAQIS143. Therefore, Abs to the H chain of HLA-E may be responsible for some of the HLA-Ia allele reactivity of the natural HLA-Ia Ab in human sera. Absence of any anti–HLA-Ia Abs in 112 nonvegans and the presence of the same in vegans suggest that dietary meat proteins might not have induced the natural allo-HLA Abs.
Candida albicans Dampens Host Defense by Downregulating IL-17 Production
Authors: Cheng Shih-Chin , van de Veerdonk Frank , Smeekens Sanne , Joosten Leo A. B. , van der Meer Jos W. M. , Kullberg Bart-Jan , Netea Mihai G. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
IL-17 is one of the key cytokines that stimulate host defense during a Candida infection. Several studies have demonstrated the capacity of Candida albicans to induce a Th17 response. Surprisingly, experiments employing live C. ablicans demonstrated a specific downregulation of host IL-17 secretion in human blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). By avoiding the direct contact of live C. albicans and PBMCs, we demonstrate that this inhibition effect is mediated by a soluble factor released by live C. albicans. However, this effect is due neither to the releasing of C. albicans pathogen-associated molecular patterns nor to the alteration of different Th cell subtypes. Rather, we found that live C. albicans shifts tryptophan metabolism by inhibiting IDO expression away from kynurenines and toward 5-hydroxytryptophan metabolites. In addition, we show that these latter 5-hydroxytryptophan metabolites inhibit IL-17 production. In conclusion, live C. albicans inhibits host Th17 responses by modulatory effects on tryptophan metabolism.
Tc17 Cells Are Capable of Mediating Immunity to Vaccinia Virus by Acquisition of a Cytotoxic Phenotype
Authors: Yeh Norman , Glosson Nicole L. , Wang Nan , Guindon Lynette , McKinley Carl , Hamada Hiromasa , Li Qingsheng , Dutton Richard W. , Shrikant Protul , Zhou Baohua , Brutkiewicz Randy R. , Blum Janice S. , Kaplan Mark H. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
CD8 T cells can acquire cytokine-secreting phenotypes paralleling cytokine production from Th cells. IL-17–secreting CD8 T cells, termed Tc17 cells, were shown to promote inflammation and mediate immunity to influenza. However, most reports observed a lack of cytotoxic activity by Tc17 cells. In this study, we explored the anti-viral activity of Tc17 cells using a vaccinia virus (VV) infection model. Tc17 cells expanded during VV infection, and TCR transgenic Tc17 cells were capable of clearing recombinant VV infection. In vivo, adoptively transferred Tc17 cells lost the IL-17–secreting phenotype, even in the absence of stimulation, but they did not acquire IFN-γ–secreting potential unless stimulated with a virus-encoded Ag. However, examination of cells following infection demonstrated that these cells acquired cytotoxic potential in vivo, even in the absence of IFN-γ. Cytotoxic potential correlated with Fasl expression, and the cytotoxic activity of postinfection Tc17 cells was partially blocked by the addition of anti-FasL. Thus, Tc17 cells mediate VV clearance through expression of specific molecules associated with cytotoxicity but independent of an acquired Tc1 phenotype.
Peripheral 4-1BB Signaling Negatively Regulates NK Cell Development through IFN-γ
Authors: Choi Beom K. , Kim Young H. , Kim Chang H. , Kim Moon S. , Kim Kwang H. , Oh Ho S. , Lee Myoung J. , Lee Don K. , Vinay Dass S. , Kwon Byoung S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStimulation of 4-1BB (CD137) was shown to produce strong anticancer effects in vivo. In contrast, 4-1BB–deficient (4-1BB−/−) B6 mice are remarkably resistant to tumor growth. We set out to determine the mechanisms involved in these seemingly contradictory observations. We found that the therapeutic effects of 4-1BB triggering were mainly dependent on CD8+ T cells and partially on NK cells, whereas CD8+ T and NK cells were equally needed to suppress tumor growth in 4-1BB−/− mice. Cellular analysis showed that the frequency and number of NK cells in the spleen and bone marrow were decreased by 4-1BB triggering but were increased in the absence of 4-1BB signaling in tumor-challenged mice. The 4-1BB–mediated downregulation of NK cell development was primarily dependent on IFN-γ, which was produced by peripheral CD8+ T and NK cells. The suppression of NK cell development by 4-1BB–mediated IFN-γ production occurred in the bone marrow. As 4-1BB signaling increased in the periphery, more CD8+ T cells but fewer NK cells contributed to the antitumor immunity. As 4-1BB signaling decreased, more NK cells participated in the antitumor immunity. We conclude that 4-1BB signaling results in a shift of the dominant type of immune cell in antitumor immunity from the innate NK cell to the adaptive CD8+ T cell and that the level of IFN-γ is critical for this 4-1BB–mediated shift.
TNF, but Not IL-6 and IL-17, Is Crucial for the Development of T Cell-Independent Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis in Il1rn−/− Mice
Authors: Nakajima Akiko , Matsuki Taizo , Komine Mayumi , Asahina Akihiko , Horai Reiko , Nakae Susumu , Ishigame Harumichi , Kakuta Shigeru , Saijo Shinobu , Iwakura Yoichiro 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
IL-1 is a proinflammatory cytokine consisting of two molecular species, IL-1α and IL-1β, and IL-1R antagonist (gene: Il1rn) is the endogenous suppressor. Il1rn−/− mice spontaneously develop autoimmune diseases, such as arthritis and aortitis, and a dermatitis that histologically resembles human psoriasis. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying this dermatitis, however, remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was enhanced at the site of inflammation. The development of dermatitis was completely suppressed in Tnfsf1a−/− but not in Il6−/− mice, similar to that observed in arthritis and aortitis. However, IL-17 deficiency did not affect the development of dermatitis at all, in clear contrast to that of arthritis and aortitis. Different from arthritis and aortitis, adoptive transfer of Il1rn−/− T cells did not induce dermatitis in the recipient SCID mice and skin lesions developed in Il1rn−/− SCID mice, indicating that T cells are not involved in the development of skin lesions. In support for this, bone marrow cell transplantation experiments showed that TNF produced by skin residential cells, but not bone marrow cell-derived cells, was important for the development of dermatitis. Furthermore, we showed that IL-1 directly enhanced TNF and chemokine expression in keratinocytes. These observations suggest that excess IL-1 signaling directly activates keratinocytes to produce TNF and chemokines, resulting in the development of psoriasis-like skin lesions without the involvement of autoimmunity in Il1rn−/− mice.
Human Complement Factor H Binds to Outer Membrane Protein Rck of Salmonella
Authors: Ho Derek K. , Jarva Hanna , Meri Seppo 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Serum resistance, or resistance to complement-mediated killing, is a key virulence property of microbial pathogens. Rck is a 17-kDa outer membrane protein encoded on the virulence plasmid of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis. When expressed in either Escherichia coli or S. enterica Typhimurium, Rck confers serum resistance independent of LPS length. Recently, the Rck homolog from Yersinia enterocolitica, Ail, has been shown to bind the complement regulatory protein factor H (fH). Based on these observations, we hypothesized that Rck may also possess this ability. Using both flow cytometery and direct binding analysis, we demonstrate that Rck expressed in E. coli binds fH. We observed fH binding to Rck from human serum and also using the purified protein. Expression of Rck protected bacteria from alternative pathway-mediated killing and was associated with a reduction in C3b, Bb, and membrane attack complex deposition. fH bound to Rck promoted C3b cleavage in the presence of factor I. Binding was specific and mediated by two regions in fH, the short consensus repeats 5–7 and 19 to 20. These results suggest that fH recruitment by Rck is functional and can protect a normally serum-sensitive heterologous host against complement attack. Binding and exploitation of fH may thus contribute to Rck-mediated serum resistance.
Manual Ability Classification System for Children With Cerebral Palsy in a School Setting and Its Relationship to Home Self-Care Activities
Authors: Kuijper M. A. , van der Wilden G. J. , Ketelaar M. , Gorter J. W. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Our aim in this study was to investigate the relationship between (a) the manual abilities of children with cerebral palsy (CP), assessed with the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) in a school rehabilitation setting, and (b) the children’s performance of self-care activities at home, assessed with the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). In addition, we assessed the interobserver reliability of the MACS.
METHOD. Sixty-one children with CP were included (mean age = 10.3 yr, range = 5–14). The MACS was classified by 2 independent raters. The PEDI was scored in a structured interview.
RESULTS. The Spearman correlation coefficient between the MACS and the self-care domain of the PEDI Caregiver Assistance Scale was high and statistically significant (r = .72). The interobserver reliability of the MACS was good (weighted κ = .86).
CONCLUSION. The MACS is a reliable instrument in a school environment and is related to the performance of daily life self-care activities at home.
Primatology between feelings and science: a personal experience perspective
Authors: Vitale Augusto 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim of this article is to discuss some aspects of the relationship between feelings and primatological science, and how this relationship can influence this particular scientific practice. This point of view is based on the author's personal experience. A sentimental reason to study primatology in the first place will be discussed, and then the existence of a bond between the observer and the observed will be presented as a possible by‐product of primatology. The following question is whether a sentimental attitude toward primates is detrimental for good science or is, alternatively, actually leading to better primatological science. As an example, the practice of naming individual monkeys is considered. It is argued that naming monkeys can help by characterizing individuality, and this is likely to improve planning of behavioural observations and welfare of captive individuals. The relationship between the researcher and study subject in biomedical studies is discussed in terms of hierarchy of moral status. Finally, primatology is not unique in the existence of bonds between the observer and the observed, at least from the point of view of the observer. However, primatology is unique because, more than in other cases, it gives greater opportunity for reasoning about different factors surrounding “doing science with animals.” This is most probably owing to the phylogenetic closeness primatologists have with their study subjects. Among the different factors involved in making science using animals, the sentimental bond developing between the researcher and study animal can be very influential. Am. J. Primatol. 73:214–219, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phasic muscle activity in sleep and clinical features of Parkinson disease
Authors: Bliwise Donald L. , Trotti Lynn Marie , Greer Sophia A. , Juncos Jorge J. , Rye David B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective:The absence of atonia during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and dream‐enactment behavior (REM sleep behavior disorder [RBD]) are common features of sleep in the alpha‐synucleinopathies. This study examined this phenomenon quantitatively, using the phasic electromyographic metric (PEM), in relation to clinical features of idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD). Based on previous studies suggesting that RBD may be prognostic for the development of later parkinsonism, we hypothesized that clinical indicators of disease severity and more rapid progression would be related to PEM.Methods:A cross‐sectional convenience sample of 55 idiopathic PD patients from a movement disorders clinic in a tertiary care medical center underwent overnight polysomnography. PEM, the percentage of 2.5‐second intervals containing phasic muscle activity, was quantified separately for REM and non‐REM (NREM) sleep from 5 different electrode sites.Results:Higher PEM rates were seen in patients with symmetric disease, as well as in akinetic‐rigid versus tremor‐predominant patients. Men had higher PEM relative to women. Results occurred in all muscle groups in both REM and NREM sleep.Interpretation:Although our data were cross‐sectional, phasic muscle activity during sleep suggests disinhibition of descending motor projections in PD broadly reflective of more advanced and/or progressive disease. Elevated PEM during sleep may represent a functional window into brainstem modulation of spinal cord activity and is broadly consistent with the early pathologic involvement of non‐nigral brainstem regions in PD, as described by Braak. ANN NEUROL 2010
In Situ Formation of Au–Pd Bimetallic Active Sites Promoting the Physically Mixed Monometallic Catalysts in the Liquid‐Phase Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Wang Di , Villa Alberto , Spontoni Paolo , Su Dang Sheng , Prati Laura 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe catalytic oxidation of alcohols with molecular oxygen on supported nanometallic catalysts represents one of the green methods in a crucial process for the synthesis of fine chemicals. We have designed an experiment using physically mixed Au/AC and Pd/AC (AC=activated carbon) as the catalyst in the liquid‐phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol by aerobic oxygen. The evolution of the physically mixed catalyst structures at different stages in the catalytic reaction was investigated by aberration‐corrected high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and spatially resolved element mapping techniques at the nanometre scale, and they were also compared with the structure of the bimetallic alloy. For the first time we show the formation of surface Au–Pd bimetallic sites by reprecipitation of Pd onto Au nanoparticles. Negligible Au leaching was observed. The in situ structural evolution can be directly correlated to the great enhancement of the catalyst activity. Moreover, we distinguish the different behaviours of Au and Pd, thus suggesting an oxygen differentiating mechanism for Au and Pd sites. The findings are of great importance to both the understanding of the structure–activity correlation and the design of highly active catalysts in green chemistry.
Caring for cancer survivors
Authors: Bober Sharon L. , Recklitis Christopher J. , Campbell Eric G. , Park Elyse R. , Kutner Jean S. , Najita Julie S. , Diller Lisa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The number of long‐term US cancer survivors is expected to double by the year 2050. Although primary care physicians (PCPs) provide the majority of care for long‐term cancer survivors, to the authors' knowledge, few data to date have detailed PCP practice patterns, attitudes, and challenges in caring for long‐term cancer survivors.METHODS:Self‐administered surveys were mailed to 406 community‐ and academic‐based general internal medicine physicians in Denver, Colorado. Survey development included in‐depth physician interviews and pretesting. Of the 299 responses, 72 were ineligible; an analysis of the data from 227 surveys is presented.RESULTS:The response rate was 76%. Community‐based PCPs comprised 70% of completed surveys. Reported care patterns were assessed to create a multidimensional care score reflecting levels of attention to 4 areas of survivorship care: monitoring for cancer recurrence, management of late effects, sexual functioning, and mental health. Only 24% of PCPs met criteria for routinely providing more multidimensional survivorship care. More recent medical school graduates reported providing less multidimensional survivorship care when compared with their more experienced colleagues. Approximately 82% of PCPs believed that primary care guidelines for adult cancer survivors are not well defined, and 47% of PCPs cited inadequate preparation and lack of formal training in cancer survivorship as a problem when delivering care to long‐term survivors.CONCLUSIONS:Although PCPs provide the bulk of care for long‐term survivors within the survivorship phase of the cancer trajectory, only a small subset have reported providing multidimensional survivorship care. Results underscore a need for substantially increased training in survivorship care to support the delivery of multidimensional primary care for long‐term survivors. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4409–18. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Dialogic mediation in conflict resolution education
Authors: Baraldi Claudio , Iervese Vittorio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractConflict resolution education is an interesting field for both teachers and experts. This contribution tries to understand how conflict management can be productive in the interaction between adults and children. For this purpose, the results of field research are presented; they concern videotaped interaction in classrooms and formal groups of children coordinated by adults trying to support children's conflict management. The data show the adults' dialogic actions, which may promote children's conflict management, as well as the problems and limitations of these actions, highlighting coordination between adults' dialogic actions and children's agency in conflict resolution education.
Topotactic Migration of Cationic Vacancies in La1–tMn1–tO3
Authors: Cortés‐Gil Raquel , Alonso José M. , Ruiz‐González M. Luisa , González‐Calbet José M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA reversible topotactic oxidizing–reducing process has been clearly evidenced in the annealing treatment followed to stabilize rhombohedral and orthorhombic La1–tMn1–tO3 (0.016 ≤ t ≤ 0.038) samples. The study of the surface evolution followed by characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) gives evidence for a diffusion mechanism of La and Mn cations through the grain boundaries which provides a fast pathway in the perovskite related compound; however, contrary to theoretical predictions, the overall cationic ratio (La:Mn 1:1) is kept.
Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Suryanarayanan Vembu , Wu Cheng‐Tar , Ho Kuo‐Chuan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this review, the applications of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) materials in the area of electrochemical sensors have been explored. The designs of the MIPs containing different polymers, their preparation and their immobilization on the transducer surface have been discussed. Further, the employment of various transducers containing the MIPs based on different electrochemical techniques for determining analytes has been assessed. In addition, the general protocols for getting the electrochemical signal based on the binding ability of analyte with the MIPs have been given. The review ends with describing scope and limitations of the above electrochemical based MIP sensors.