bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteopontin Modulates the Generation of Memory CD8+ T Cells during Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Morimoto Junko , Sato Kayoko , Nakayama Yosuke , Kimura Chiemi , Kajino Kiichi , Matsui Yutaka , Miyazaki Tadaaki , Uede Toshimitsu 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The adaptive immune system generates memory cells, which induce a rapid and robust immune response following secondary Ag encounter. Memory CD8+ T cells are a critical component of protective immunity against infections and cancers. Therefore, understanding the mechanism whereby memory CD8+ T cells are generated and maintained is important for inducing effective memory CD8+ T cell response. Recent studies have demonstrated that the inflammatory cytokine IL-12 favors the generation of terminal effector CD8+ T cells rather than memory precursor effector CD8+ T cells by regulating the expression of the transcription factor T-bet. In this study, we report that the inflammatory cytokine osteopontin (Opn) modulates memory CD8+ T cell generation during influenza virus infection. Although Opn wild-type and Opn knockout (KO) mice had similar numbers of virus-specific effector CD8+ T cells, virus-specific effector CD8+ T cells generated in Opn KO mice showed low levels of T-bet expression and an increased memory precursor cell population compared with cells generated in Opn wild-type mice. This resulted in the persistently increased number of memory CD8+ T cells in Opn KO mice. Studies with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells demonstrated that Opn deficiency in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells results in low levels of IL-12 production in response to the stimulation with influenza virus. Thus, we hypothesize that Opn modulates the generation of memory precursor effector CD8+ T cells by regulating cytokine milieu during the acute phase of virus infection. This finding may provide new insight into the role of Opn in adaptive immune response.
Influence of Galectin-9/Tim-3 Interaction on Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Latency
Authors: Reddy Pradeep B. J. , Sehrawat Sharvan , Suryawanshi Amol , Rajasagi Naveen K. , Mulik Sachin , Hirashima Mitsuomi , Rouse Barry T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAfter HSV-1 infection, CD8+ T cells accumulate in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and participate in the maintenance of latency. However, the mechanisms underlying intermittent virus reactivation are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate the role of an inhibitory interaction between T cell Ig and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3)–expressing CD8+ T cells and galectin 9 (Gal-9) that could influence HSV-1 latency and reactivation. Accordingly, we show that most Kb-gB tetramer-specific CD8+ T cells in the TG of HSV-1–infected mice express Tim-3, a molecule that delivers negative signals to CD8+ T cells upon engagement of its ligand Gal-9. Gal-9 was also upregulated in the TG when replicating virus was present as well during latency. This could set the stage for Gal-9/Tim-3 interaction, and this inhibitory interaction was responsible for reduced CD8+ T cell effector function in wild-type mice. Additionally, TG cell cultures exposed to recombinant Gal-9 in the latent phase caused apoptosis of most CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, Gal-9 knockout TG cultures showed delayed and reduced viral reactivation as compared with wild-type cultures, demonstrating the greater efficiency of CD8+ T cells to inhibit virus reactivation in the absence of Gal-9. Moreover, the addition of recombinant Gal-9 to ex vivo TG cultures induced enhanced viral reactivation compared with untreated controls. Our results demonstrate that the host homeostatic mechanism mediated by Gal-9/Tim-3 interaction on CD8+ T cells can influence the outcome of HSV-1 latent infection, and manipulating Gal-9 signals might represent therapeutic means to inhibit HSV-1 reactivation from latency.
Rapamycin Attenuates Airway Hyperreactivity, Goblet Cells, and IgE in Experimental Allergic Asthma
Authors: Mushaben Elizabeth M. , Kramer Elizabeth L. , Brandt Eric B. , Khurana Hershey Gurjit K. , Le Cras Timothy D. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway integrates environmental cues, promotes cell growth/differentiation, and regulates immune responses. Although inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin has potent immunosuppressive activity, mixed effects have been reported in OVA-induced models of allergic asthma. We investigated the impact of two rapamycin treatment protocols on the major characteristics of allergic asthma induced by the clinically relevant allergen, house dust mite (HDM). In protocol 1, BALB/c mice were exposed to 10 intranasal HDM doses over a period of 24 d and treated with rapamycin simultaneously during the sensitization/exposure period. In protocol 2, rapamycin was administered after the mice had been sensitized to HDM (i.p. injection) and prior to initiation of two intranasal HDM challenges over 4 d. Airway hyperreactivity (AHR), IgE, inflammatory cells, cytokines, leukotrienes, goblet cells, and activated T cells were assessed. In protocol 1, rapamycin blocked HDM-induced increases in AHR, inflammatory cell counts, and IgE, as well as attenuated goblet cell metaplasia. In protocol 2, rapamycin blocked increases in AHR, IgE, and T cell activation and reduced goblet cell metaplasia, but it had no effect on inflammatory cell counts. Increases in IL-13 and leukotrienes were also blocked by rapamycin, although increases in IL-4 were unaffected. These data demonstrated that rapamycin can inhibit cardinal features of allergic asthma, including increases in AHR, IgE, and goblet cells, most likely as a result of its ability to reduce the production of two key mediators of asthma: IL-13 and leukotrienes. These findings highlight the importance of the mTOR pathway in allergic airway disease.
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Is a Novel Inhibitory Ligand for the Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor NKp44
Authors: Rosental Benyamin , Brusilovsky Michael , Hadad Uzi , Oz Dafna , Appel Michael Y. , Afergan Fabian , Yossef Rami , Rosenberg Lior Ann , Aharoni Amir , Cerwenka Adelheid , Campbell Kerry S. , Braiman Alex , Porgador Angel 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
NK cells play an important role in the early immune response to cancer. The NKp44 activating receptor is the only natural cytotoxicity receptor that is expressed exclusively by primate NK cells, yet its cellular ligands remain largely unknown. Proliferating cell nuclear Ag (PCNA) is overexpressed in cancer cells. In this study, we show that the NKp44 receptor recognizes PCNA. Their interaction inhibits NK cell function through NKp44/ITIM. The physical interaction of NKp44 and PCNA is enabled by recruitment of target cell PCNA to the NK immunological synapse. We demonstrate that PCNA promotes cancer survival by immune evasion through inhibition of NKp44-mediated NK cell attack.
Automorphismes naturels de l'espace de Douady de points sur une surface
Authors: Boissière Samuel 
Published: October 2011

RésuméOn établit quelques résultats généraux relatifs à la taille du groupe d’automorphismes de l’espace de Douady de points sur une surface, puis on étudie quelques propriétés des automorphismes provenant d’un automorphisme de la surface, en particulier leur action sur la cohomologie et la classification de leurs points fixes.
Compressive Fatigue Behavior of Bovine Cancellous Bone and Bone Analogous Materials under Multi‐Step Loading Conditions
Authors: Guillén Teodolito , Ohrndorf Arne , Tozzi Gianluca , Tong Jie , Christ Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this study the compressive cyclic behavior of bovine cancellous bone and three open‐cell metallic foams including AlSi7Mg foams (30 and 45 ppi) and CuSn12Ni2 foam (30 ppi) has been investigated. Multi‐step fatigue tests are carried out to study the deformation behavior under increasing compressive cyclic stresses. Short multi‐step tests, with steps of 300–500 cycles, are used to identify the cyclic yield stress (σcy) and the stress at failure (σfail). The residual strain accumulation, or cyclic creep, is observed during these tests. Long multi‐step tests, with 5000 cycles at selected stress ranges (0.4σcy, 0.6σcy, 0.8σcy, and σcy), are also carried out to study further the compressive fatigue behavior of the materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to characterize the microstructure of the foams and the bone prior to and post mechanical testing. Particular attention is paid to the role of cyclic creep and buckling in the failure processes. The results show that residual strain accumulation seems to be the predominant driving force leading to failure of foams and bones. Although foams and bone fail by the same mechanism of cyclic creep, the deformation behavior at the transient region of each step is different for both materials. The maximum strain εmax of foams decrease suddenly during the change of each step. This behavior may be explained by the rapidly developing microdamage in the cell struts that occur at the transient region of each step. Bones show more gradual decrease of εmax, where microdamage may be accumulated progressively during the fatigue test.
Novel copolymer for SiO2 nanoparticles dispersion
Authors: Gowri V. Sorna , Almeida Luís , Amorim Teresa , Carneiro Noémia , Souto António Pedro , Esteves Maria Fátima 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHigh performance polymers exhibiting multifunctional characteristics can be achieved by the introduction of inorganic nanoparticles like SiO2 into the functional polymers. In the present work a copolymer epoxy poly(dimethylacrylamide) was synthesized to disperse the SiO2 nanoparticles. The aim of the work is to develop a new method/process/material for the dispersion of nanoparticles and evaluating the performance of these composites. FT‐IR studies of the polymer adsorbed SiO2 nanoparticles confirmed that the polymer molecules chain was anchored on the surface of the SiO2 nanoparticles. The improved interfacial interaction between the particles and polymer enhanced the thermal properties of the composites. The results also show the newly synthesized polymer disperse the nanoparticles well as evidenced by SEM analysis, the uniformly dispersed SiO2 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix and the particles almost remained in their original shape and size even after incorporation in to the polymer matrix. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A kinetic model for the adsorption of gold from I2/I− solutions onto a porous polymer membrane
Authors: Pérez‐Tello M. , Rodríguez‐Felix F. , Castillo‐Ortega M. M. , Sánchez‐Corrales V. M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA model for the adsorption of gold from I2/I− aqueous solutions onto a cellulose acetate (CA)‐polyaniline (PANI) porous membrane is presented. The adsorption of gold is represented by an ion‐exchange overall reaction in which AuI2− ions replace the Cl− ions at the active sites of the polyaniline matrix. The model incorporates the external mass transfer of AuI2− from the bulk solution to the membrane surface, followed by the pore diffusion of AuI2− to reach the active sites in the membrane. The overall ion‐exchange reaction was assumed to achieve local instantaneous equilibrium. Verification of the kinetic model with the experimental data showed that the effective diffusivity of AuI2− within the membrane is about 8.3 × 10−6 cm2/s. The potential applications of the present formulation are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Contact geometry of the restricted three‐body problem
Authors: Albers Peter , Frauenfelder Urs , Koert Otto Van , Paternain Gabriel P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe show that the planar circular restricted three‐body problem is of restricted contact type for all energies below the first critical value (action of the first Lagrange point) and for energies slightly above it. This opens up the possibility of using the technology of contact topology to understand this particular dynamical system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulation of Photoelectron Spectra Using the Reflection Principle in Combination with Unrestricted Excitation ADC(2) to Assess the Accuracy of Excited‐State Calculations
Authors: Knippenberg Stefan , Eisenbrandt Pierre , Šištík Lukáš , Slavíček Petr , Dreuw Andreas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe gas‐phase photoelectron spectra of ethene, formaldehyde, formic acid and difluoromethane are simulated using the reflection principle and the unrestricted second‐order algebraic diagrammatic construction [UADC(2)] scheme of the polarization propagator for the computation of the vertical‐excited states of the cations at the equilibrium geometry of the parent neutral molecule. Comparison is made with experimental spectra and the established highly accurate ionization IP‐ADC(3) theory to gain insight into the accuracy and applicability of recently developed excitation UADC schemes. Within UADC(2), we distinguish between the strict and extended schemes UADC(2)‐s and UADC(2)‐x. While the latter approach is found to slightly underestimate the experimental photoelectron spectra by 0.3 eV and can thus be regarded as a reliable scheme within the limits of the applied reflection principle and the underlying approximations, the UADC(2)‐s scheme tends to overestimate the excitation energies by about 0.5 eV. Time‐dependent density functional theory is also applied in combination with the standard B3LYP xc functional and turns out to be a useful computational tool for the simulation of the photoelectron spectra of the studied species.
Emergence and self‐organization in partially ordered sets
Authors: Pissanetzky Sergio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe discovery of a simple functional the optimization of which by a dynamical process results in extraordinary structural organization in partially ordered sets is reported in this article. As partially ordered sets are one of the most prevalent and fundamental objects in Mathematics and are ubiquitous in nature, physics, engineering and technology in general, and since any system amenable to mathematical analysis can be represented as a partially ordered set, the discovery is proposed as an explanation for the phenomena of emergence and self‐organization in dynamical systems. © 2011Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 17,19–38, 2011
Securing sensor data storage and query based on k‐out‐of‐ n coding
Authors: Ruan Zhiqiang , Sun Xingming , Liang Wei 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYWith in‐network sensor data storage and query, sensed data are stored locally and further accessed by users on demand. Thus, without proper protection for sensor data and user queries, compromise of sensor nodes may reveal sensitive information about the sensed environment as well as users’ query patterns. Furthermore, the adversary can alter some stored data and prevent users from recovering information correctly. In this paper, we propose and analyze the use of maximum‐distance separable codes to address the problem. First, initial data is encoded in (n, k) maximum‐distance separable code and spread from a single data source to a set of storage nodes for higher survivability. Second, a blind signature‐based privacy scheme is explored to preserve user query, such that authorized user's identity and privacy interests are concealed from others. Finally, an efficient data retrieval scheme is carried out such that the redundancy symbols in the remaining nodes are accessed only if the user fails to decode the data, which reduces the communication and computation cost. Analysis and evaluation verify the efficiency of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rail brake system using a linear induction motor for dynamic braking
Authors: Sakamoto Yasuaki , Kashiwagi Takayuki , Tanaka Minoru , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Sasakawa Takashi , Fujii Nobuo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOne type of braking system for railway vehicles is the eddy current brake. Because this type of brake has the problem of rail heating, it has not been used for practical applications in Japan. Therefore, we proposed the use of a linear induction motor (LIM) for dynamic braking in eddy current brake systems. The LIM reduces rail heating and uses an inverter for self excitation. We estimated the performance of an LIM from experimental results of a fundamental test machine and confirmed that the LIM generates an approximately constant braking force under constant current excitation. At relatively low frequencies, this braking force remains unaffected by frequency changes. The reduction ratio of rail heating is also approximately proportional to the frequency. We also confirmed that dynamic braking resulting in no electrical output can be used for drive control of the LIM. These characteristics are convenient for the realization of the LIM rail brake system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(2): 29–38, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21209
Thermal Stability of (KxNayH1–x–y)2Ti6O13 Nanofibers
Authors: Cortie Michael B. , Xiao Linda , Erdei Laszlo , Kealley Catherine S. , Dowd Annette R. , Kimpton Justin A. , McDonagh Andrew M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPotassium‐rich titanate nanofibers were produced by digesting TiO2 in concentrated KOH solutions under hydrothermal conditions. The nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. A hexatitanate structure was assigned, in contrast to the trititanate structure usually resulting from NaOH treatment of TiO2. The potassium cations could be exchanged with others, such as sodium, hydrogen, and ammonium. The potassium‐rich hexatitanate was found to be photocatalytic in its as‐synthesized condition. The thermal stability of the fibers during calcination was followed in situ using X‐ray diffraction and was found to be strongly dependent on the chemical composition. The potassium‐rich titanate converted to anatase at only 480 °C, whereas the hydrogen‐ and ammonium‐rich materials had to be heated to over 600 °C before conversion took place. Conversion was notably slowest in the ammonium‐rich material. Surprisingly, the sodium‐rich hexatitanate did not form anatase at temperatures up to 800 °C and instead recrystallized.
Influences of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and plant residue chars on bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Chironomus plumosus larvae in sediment
Authors: Shen Mohai , Xia Xinghui , Wang Fan , Zhang Pu , Zhao Xiuli 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Carbonaceous materials (CMs), including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and black carbon have been suggested as potential remediation materials for hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in sediments or soils. However, the concentration-dependent and potential effects of CMs on the decrease in HOC bioavailability are not well understood. In this research, the effects of two types of multiwalled CNTs (MWNT-1 and MWNT-2) and chars (char-stalk produced from stalk and char-wood from wood) on the bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including phenanthrene, pyrene, and chrysene, in the benthic organism Chironomus plumosus larvae were studied. When CM content was 1.5% or less in sediments, biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) values for PAHs decreased sharply as CM increased. However, when char and MWNT-1 content was greater than 1.5% in sediments, reduction rates of BSAF were slight. Furthermore, when MWNT-2 content was greater than 1.5%, BSAF values were elevated. This indicated that the MWNT-associated PAHs may have been absorbed by larvae through particle ingestion, and suggested that some CNTs may not be suitable for the remediation of HOC-contaminated sediments because they probably could increase the exposure risk of PAHs to benthic organisms, possibly because of their unique structure. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:202–209. © 2011 SETAC
Prominent activation of the intraparietal and somatosensory areas during angle discrimination by intra‐active touch
Authors: Yang Jiajia , Han Hongbin , Chui Dehua , Shen Yong , Wu Jinglong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIntra‐active touch (IAT) is a process that involves a body part doing the touching (active touch [AT]) and another body part being touched (passive touch [PT]) simultaneously. The brain representation related to IAT is still unclear. A total of 23 subjects carried out angle discrimination under PT, AT and IAT conditions with functional magnetic resonance imaging. All of the tasks were strictly dependent on cutaneous feedback from the finger(s). As the subjects were able to perceive the angle stimuli from the right (touching) and left (touched) sides during the IAT condition, we expected there would be greater brain activation with the IAT condition than for the AT or PT condition. Therefore, we hypothesized that the region within and/or around the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the part of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) that is associated with high‐level tactile spatial processing would be more active during the IAT task than during the AT and PT tasks. Compared with the areas activated by the motor somatosensory control task, the most prominent activation areas evoked by the three‐angle discrimination tasks were in the SI and secondary somatosensory cortex areas in the bilateral parietal operculum, IPS, lateral occipital complex, insula and cerebellum. Finally, we directly compared IAT with AT and PT, and the results suggest that the contralateral part of IPS and part of the SI are more active under IAT conditions than under either AT or PT conditions. These results suggest that both hemispheres contribute to angle discrimination during IAT. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prefrontal D2‐receptor stimulation mediates flexible adaptation of economic preference hierarchies
Authors: van Eimeren Thilo , Ko Ji H. , Pellechia Giovanna , Cho Sang S. , Houle Sylvain , Strafella Antonio P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAdvantageous economic decision making requires flexible adaptation of gain‐based and loss‐based preference hierarchies. However, where the neuronal blueprints for economic preference hierarchies are kept and how they may be adapted remains largely unclear. Phasic cortical dopamine release likely mediates flexible adaptation of neuronal representations. In this PET study, cortical‐binding potential (BP) for the D2‐dopamine receptor ligand [11C]FLB 457 was examined in healthy participants during multiple sessions of a probabilistic four‐choice financial decision‐making task with two behavioral variants. In the changing‐gains/constant‐losses variant, the implicit gain‐based preference hierarchy was unceasingly changing, whereas the implicit loss‐based preference hierarchy was constant. In the constant‐gains/changing‐losses variant, it was the other way around. These variants served as paradigms, respectively, contrasting flexible adaptation versus maintenance of loss‐based and gain‐based preference hierarchies. We observed that in comparison with the constant‐gains/changing‐losses variant, the changing‐gains/constant‐losses variant was associated with a decreased D2‐dopamine receptor‐BP in the right lateral frontopolar cortex. In other words, lateral frontopolar D2‐dopamine receptor stimulation was specifically increased during continuous adaptation of mental representations of gain‐based preference hierarchies. This finding provides direct evidence for the existence of a neuronal blueprint of gain‐based decision‐making in the lateral frontopolar cortex and a crucial role of local dopamine in the flexible adaptation of mental concepts of future behavior. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.