bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degrees of demand: a task-based analysis of the British graduate labour market
Authors: Henseke Golo , Felstead Alan , Gallie Duncan , Green Francis 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the evolving demand for graduate skills in the British workforce, leveraging a task-based approach with data from the Skills and Employment Survey Series. Focused on the changing importance of job tasks related to graduate skills, the research explores the mapping of these tasks to educational attainment, discerns the price employers pay for tasks requiring graduate skills, and addresses regional variation in graduate supply and demand. Despite a slowing growth of graduate skills requirements post-2006, we find a stable assignment of graduate education with job tasks and an overall flat task price related to graduate skills requirements. We present regional evidence showing education expansion rather than exogenous factors drove high-skills demand, balancing the development of supply and demand in the British graduate labour market over 1997–2017.
Thirty-year trends of triple burden of disease in the adult population of Pakistan
Authors: Raheem Ahmed , Soomar Salman Muhammad , Issani Ali , Rahim Komal Abdul , Dhalla Zeyanna , Soomar Sarmad Muhammad , Mian Asad Iqbal , Khan Nadeem Ullah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The triple burden of disease, i.e. communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases and injuries, has significantly affected the healthcare system of Pakistan during the last three decades. Therefore, this study aims to determine and analyse the 30-year disease burden trends through prevalence, death rates and percentages.

Methods
The data for the last three decades, i.e. 1990 to 2019, was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease for Pakistan. Percentage change in prevalence and deaths over 30 years was calculated. Poisson regression analysis was performed to evaluate the triple disease burden trends and the incidence rate ratio.

Results
A relative decrease of 23.4% was noted in the prevalence rate of communicable diseases except for human immunodeficiency virus and dengue fever. A relative increase of 1.4% was noted in the prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases. A relative increase of 56.1% was recorded in the prevalence rate of injuries. The prevalence rate ratios of communicable diseases significantly decreased to 0.9796 [95% CI: 0.9887–0.9905], but the prevalence rate of injury increased to 1.0094 [95% CI: 1.0073–1.01145], respectively.

Conclusion
Pakistan must take the next steps and develop strategies to decrease this burden and mortality rates in the population to create better outcomes and therefore help the healthcare system overall.
The quality landscape of economics: The top five and beyond
Authors: Hylmö Anders , Steffy Kody , Thomas Duncan A , Langfeldt Liv 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Whereas a growing number of studies evidence that research quality notions and evaluative practices are field- and context-specific, many focus on single evaluative practices or moments. This paper introduces the concept of quality landscape to capture dynamics of interrelated quality notions, evaluative moments and practices in a research field. This concept shifts focus to (1) the field-specific universe of practices, devices and notions of research quality; (2) ways that interrelated valuations provide structure and boundeness to a landscape; (3) ways that perspectives on a shared landscape may change with position within the landscape; and (4) ways in which a quality landscape is intertwined with the field’s socio-epistemic conditions. With extensive interview data from top ranked departments in three Scandinavian countries, we use economics as a case for exploring the value of a quality landscape lens. We find that the field’s journal hierarchy and its ‘Top 5’ journals dominate the landscape, while other important evaluative practices beyond the top five are interlinked with the journal hierarchy. However, quantitative evaluative metrics common in other fields are virtually absent. We further find that national and local policy reinforce the journal hierarchy emphasis, and that career stages affect quality perspectives. We argue that the quality landscape is structured as a quality hierarchy with a focus on the core ‘general interest’, and suggest the notion of ordinalization (the process of rank ordering) as an organizing principle linking the quality landscape to the field’s socio-epistemic conditions. Finally, we offer suggestions for further research.
P030 Multiple autoantibody formation post COVID-19 infection
Authors: Islam Samsul , Erb Nicola 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background/Aims
COVID-19 has been linked to the formation of a number of autoantibodies. This case is an important reminder to clinicians interpreting autoantibody results in conjunction with clinical manifestations.
A previously fit 51 year old gentleman, with no prior history of autoimmune disease required admission with respiratory symptoms in April 2020 consistent with COVID-19 infection. His acute respiratory illness was complicated by empyema and left-sided pneumothorax requiring left pleural decortication and adhesiolysis under (VATS). Persistent respiratory symptoms and fatigue lead to investigations for long COVID. Positive antibodies detected were dsDNA 166IU/ml, Proteinase 3 antibodies 20IU/ml, Myeloperoxidase antibodies 32IU/ml, IgG anticardiolipin antibodies 90IU/ml and Glomerular basement membrane antibodies 351 IU/ml. Negative autoantibodies included ANA, RF, aCCP, b2GPI, smooth muscle, AMA and myositis related antibodies.

Methods
There were no clinical signs or symptoms of inflammatory arthropathy, vasculitis, thrombosis or connective tissue disease. Other investigations included a CT thorax showing no new lung lesions, unremarkable urine dipstick, normal urine ACR, normal US abdomen, CT sinuses and MRI brain.

Results
Trial course of prednisolone was given therapeutically due to long COVID symptoms. There was no significant impact on symptoms/ autoantibody titres thus steroids were discontinued. The patient was followed closely by the rheumatology team for two years. During that time, the autoantibody levels gradually decreased, and he did not develop clinical signs of autoimmune disease. His long COVID symptoms persisted, and he remains under the long COVID clinical team.

Conclusion
COVID-19 infection is known to cause an immune response. There have been published cases of positive ANA, U1-snRNP anti-SS-B/La, ANCA, anti-phospholipid and anti-SRP antibody formation following COVID-19 infection. The link between the pathophysiology of COVID-19, autoantibody formation and the role of autoimmunity is still unclear. This man's case was unusual in the number and variety of autoantibodies formed post COVID, this has not been reported in the literature to date. Some of the autoantibodies detected are highly specific for certain conditions, for example anti-GBM antibodies have a high specificity for Goodpasture’s syndrome, thus this case also illustrates the need to interpret positive autoantibodies in the context of clinical findings and history.

Disclosure
S. Islam: None. N. Erb: None.
P032 Designing a workshop for a temporal artery biopsy simulation
Authors: Rehan Shahzaib , Watts Patrick , Williams Ian , Hennessy Paul , O’Flaherty Caomhnad , Haridas Anjana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background/Aims
A temporal artery biopsy (TAB) is performed to confirm a diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) and it is recommended by clinical practice guidelines. Historically there have been limited opportunities to perform this procedure and teaching has been largely informal and non standardised. This impacts a trainee’s confidence and competence and potentially patient safety. Simulation is crucial in modern day surgical education and so we designed, organised and delivered a wetlab to teach the steps of TAB to address these issues.

Methods
The event took place at the Welsh Institute for Minimal Access Therapy (WIMAT) centre in Cardiff. The WIMAT team developed the TAB models to be used. The event covered all of the theoretical aspects of performing a TAB, a demonstration on how to map the temporal artery, how to perform an ultrasound doppler procedure to locate the temporal artery and finally hands on experience performing a TAB with two different complexity models. Participants were asked to complete a 30 item Google Forms Questionnaire to help us to evaluate pre and post session knowledge, understanding and learning experiences pertaining to TAB.

Results
Participants noted significant improvements in their knowledge and understanding pertaining to all domains covered. A lack of knowledge, a lack of procedures previously performed, concern about damaging the facial nerve and lack of senior support/supervision were all identified as reasons as to why trainees get apprehensive when it comes to performing a TAB.

Conclusion
This novel formal teaching event provides a blueprint for deaneries to use in their teaching of TAB’s which can benefit trainees and patients. Modern surgical education benefits from wetlabs with expert supervision. Our findings also emphasise the benefits of cross specialty collaborative work.

Disclosure
S. Rehan: None. P. Watts: None. I. Williams: None. P. Hennessy: None. C. O’Flaherty: None. A. Haridas: None.
E056 Particularities of the lipid profile in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fenniche Insaf , Somai Mehdi , Rachdi Imene , Arbaoui Ibrahim , Daoud Fatma , Kochbati Samir , Daoud Besma , Aydi Zohra , Boussema Fatma 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background/Aims
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), like all autoimmune diseases, is associated with a high cardiovascular risk. This risk is essentially linked to the chronic inflammation and dyslipidaemia engendered by this chronic inflammatory rheumatism. The objective of this work was to study the particularities of the lipid profile in RA.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study including patients with RA according to ACR- EULAR 2010 criteria, followed in an internal medicine department between 2015 and 2022. Lipid profile data (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDLc), low-density lipoproteins (LDLc), and triglycerides (TG)) were collected.

Results
Eighty patients with RA were studied. The mean age was 60.79 years [range 30-91]. The sex ratio (F/H) was 4.33, with a clear female predominance. The mean age of disease onset was 46.34 years [extremes: 22-82]. A personal history of dyslipidaemia was noted in 19 patients: hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and mixed dyslipidaemia were found in 8, 4 and 7 cases. Other comorbidities were arterial hypertension in 35% of cases (n = 28), diabetes in 30% of cases (n = 24), renal insufficiency in 6.25% of cases (n = 5) and a cardiovascular accident in 5% of cases (n = 4). Obesity was present in 15% of patients and smoking in 5%. 69 patients had a lipid panel. Dyslipidaemia was present in 66.7% of cases (n = 46). The mean TC level was 4.47 ± 1.0 mmol/L [range: 2.32 - 6.96 mmol/L], the mean TG level was 2.64 ± 0.81 [range: 0.90 - 4 mmol/L], the mean HDLc level was 1.106 ± 0.394 mmol/L [0.50 - 2] and the mean LDLc level was 1.38 ± 0.565 mmol/L [0.56 - 3.59 mmol/L]. Hypercholesterolemia (21.3%) and hypocholesterolaemia (21.3%) were the most common lipid abnormalities. Hypertriglyceridemia was observed in 10% of cases (n = 8). A low HDLc was observed in 20% of cases (n = 16). Only one patient had a high HDLc, with HDLc= 2 mmol/l. A low LDL was present in 10% of cases (n = 8).

Conclusion
In our study, hypolipidemia was the most common dyslipidaemia. This confirms the lipid paradox found in RA. Indeed, systemic inflammation is responsible for quantitative and qualitative alterations in lipoproteins. Stabilization of the disease leads to normalization of the lipid balance and improved control of cardiovascular risk.

Disclosure
I. Fenniche: None. M. Somai: None. I. Rachdi: None. I. Arbaoui: None. F. Daoud: None. S. Kochbati: None. B. Daoud: None. Z. Aydi: None. F. Boussema: None.
Quality competition on markets: a socio-economic account
Authors: Doehne Malte 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
When, and for whom, does it pay to make high-quality products? This article models how quality competition incentivizes producers to make products of particular qualities. Quality is defined as an abstract property of products that explains relative markups on prices that buyers will pay for otherwise comparable goods. Relative differences in quality sustain interlinked quality niches whose appeal to producers vary. The ordering of niches by quality and its implications for profitability establish the market’s quality order of production. The model yields testable predictions for the locus of quality-related innovations. An analysis of the bottle closures used on 52 880 German wines by 1028 winemakers in three winemaking regimes supports the general claim that, and a specific claim as to how, quality competition incentivizes producers to pursue different quality-related strategies. The presented model situates quality competition and the socially embedded quality order of production at the heart of a socio-economic account of markets.
Child Labor Bans, Employment, and School Attendance: Evidence from Changes in the Minimum Working Age
Authors: Kozhaya Mireille , Flores Fernanda Martínez 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of a unique child labor ban regulation on employment and school enrollment. The ban, implemented in Mexico in 2015, increased the minimum working age from 14 to 15, introduced restrictions to employing underage individuals, and imposed stricter penalties for violation of the law. Our identification strategy relies on a DiD approach that exploits the date of birth as a natural cutoff to assign individuals into treatment and control groups. The ban led to a decrease in the probability to work by 1.2 percentage points, resembling a 16 percent decrease in the probability to work relative to the pre-reform mean, and an increase in the probability of being enrolled in school by 2.2 percentage points for the treatment group. These results are driven by a reduction in employment in paid work, and in the manufacturing and services sectors. The effects are persistent several years after the ban.
The binding of PKCε and MEG2 to STAT3 regulates IL‐6‐mediated microglial hyperalgesia during inflammatory pain
Authors: Li Xiongjuan , Wang Junliang , Liao Changjian , Yang Xinping , Zhao Zhao , Liu Yuqiang , Xue Qingsheng , Luo Yan , Liu Xuesheng , Liu Zhiheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStudies have suggested that microglial IL‐6 modulates inflammatory pain; however, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. We therefore hypothesized that PKCε and MEG2 competitively bind to STAT3 and contribute to IL‐6‐mediated microglial hyperalgesia during inflammatory pain. Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to induce hyperalgesia model mice and microglial inflammation. Mechanical allodynia was evaluated using von Frey tests in vivo. The interaction among PKCε, MEG2, and STAT3 was determined using ELISA and immunoprecipitation assay in vitro. The PKCε, MEG2, t‐STAT3, pSTAT3Tyr705, pSTAT3Ser727, IL‐6, GLUT3, and TREM2 were assessed by Western blot. IL‐6 promoter activity and IL‐6 concentration were examined using dual luciferase assays and ELISA. Overexpression of PKCε and MEG2 promoted and attenuated inflammatory pain, accompanied by an increase and decrease in IL‐6 expression, respectively. PKCε displayed a stronger binding ability to STAT3 when competing with MEG2. STAT3Ser727 phosphorylation increased STAT3 interaction with both PKCε and MEG2. Moreover, LPS increased PKCε, MEG2, pSTAT3Tyr705, pSTAT3Ser727, IL‐6, and GLUT3 levels and decreased TREM2 during microglia inflammation. IL‐6 promoter activity was enhanced or inhibited by PKCε or MEG2 in the presence of STAT3 and LPS stimulation, respectively. In microglia, overexpression of PKCε and/or MEG2 resulted in the elevation of tSTAT3, pSTAT3Tyr705, pSTAT3Ser727, IL‐6, and TREM2, and the reduction of GLUT3. PKCε is more potent than MEG2 when competitively binding to STAT3, displaying dual modulatory effects of IL‐6 production, thus regulating the GLUT3 and TREM2 in microglia during inflammatory pain sensation.
A Comparison of Criteria for Defining Metabolic Acidemia in Live-Born Neonates and Its Effect on Predicting Serious Adverse Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Kraus Alexandria C. , Saucedo Alexander M. , Byrne John J. , Chalak Lina F. , Pruszynski Jessica E. , Spong Catherine Y. 
Published: April 2024

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023;229:439.e1–439.e11
It is common for fetal oxygenation and pH to decline during labor. However, severe oxygen deprivation can cause fetuses to develop metabolic acidemia, a risk factor for moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy that can progress to cerebral palsy.
The Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of an Estrogen-Free Oral Contraceptive Drospirenone 4 mg (24/4-Day Regimen) in Obese Users
Authors: Creinin Mitchell D. , Angulo Alicyoy , Colli Enrico , Archer David F. 
Published: April 2024

(Abstracted from Contraception 2023;128:1–7
There is a lack of data regarding the safety and efficacy of oral contraceptives in people with a body mass index (BMI) over 35. Drospirenone 4 mg is a new progestogen-only contraceptive pill that is taken in a 24 + 4 pattern, with 24 hormonal and 4 placebo pills.
First Babies Conceived With Automated Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Authors: Costa-Borges Nuno , Munne Santiago , Albo Eduard , Mas Sergi , Castello Carolina , Giralt Guillem , Lu Zhuo , Chau Charles , Acacio Monica , Mestres Enric , Matia Queralt , Marques Laura , Rius Mariona , Marquez Carmen , Vanrell Ivette , Pujol Aïda , Mataro Daniel , Seth-Smith Michelle , Mollinedo Luis , Calderon Gloria , Zhang John 
Published: April 2024

(Abstracted from Reprod Biomed Online 2023;47:103237
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a common procedure used in approximately 70% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. The procedure involves using glass micropipettes to penetrate the oolemma and injection of sperm into the oocyte.
Perspectives in the validation of DEFASE: a paradigm shift in food allergy management
Authors: Arasi Stefania , Mazzuca Carmen , Urbani Sara , Cafarotti Arianna , Fiocchi Alessandro 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
To explore the groundbreaking international consensus on the DEFASE (DEfinition of Food Allergy Severity) project as a revolutionary grading system for IgE-mediated food allergy severity. Against the backdrop of the growing public health challenge posed by food allergy, this article delves into the importance of validating and implementing DEFASE in real-world clinical settings.

Recent findings
With new therapeutic options available for food allergy, including biologics alongside immunotherapy, it is urgent to properly support clinical decision-making in the management of the disease. The DEFASE score is the first international consensus-based grading system of severity associated with food allergy as a whole disease embracing multidisciplinary perspectives from different stakeholders involved. In its current version, this comprehensive scoring system has been developed to be used in research settings.

Summary
The review emphasizes the potential impact of DEFASE on patient outcomes, healthcare management, and resource allocation, underscoring its significance for the allergy scientific community. Future research should focus on internal and external validation of the scoring system, targeting these models to various food allergenic sources, populations, and settings.
Association of Relative Dysglycemia With Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Study*
Authors: Okazaki Tomoya , Nabeshima Tadanori , Santanda Takushi , Hoshina Yuiko , Kondo Yuki , Yaegashi Yu , Nakazawa Taichi , Tokuda Yasuharu , Norisue Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Relative dysglycemia has been proposed as a clinical entity among critically ill patients in the ICU, but is not well studied. This study aimed to clarify associations of relative hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia during the first 24 hours after ICU admission with in-hospital mortality and the respective thresholds.

DESIGN:
A single-center retrospective study.

SETTING:
An urban tertiary hospital ICU.

PATIENTS:
Adult critically ill patients admitted urgently between January 2016 and March 2022.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Maximum and minimum glycemic ratio (GR) was defined as maximum and minimum blood glucose values during the first 24 hours after ICU admission divided by hemoglobin A1c-derived average glucose, respectively. Of 1700 patients included, in-hospital mortality was 16.9%. Nonsurvivors had a higher maximum GR, with no significant difference in minimum GR. Maximum GR during the first 24 hours after ICU admission showed a J-shaped association with in-hospital mortality, and a mortality trough at a maximum GR of approximately 1.12; threshold for increased adjusted odds ratio for mortality was 1.25. Minimum GR during the first 24 hours after ICU admission showed a U-shaped relationship with in-hospital mortality and a mortality trough at a minimum GR of approximately 0.81 with a lower threshold for increased adjusted odds ratio for mortality at 0.69.

CONCLUSIONS:
Mortality significantly increased when GR during the first 24 hours after ICU admission deviated from between 0.69 and 1.25. Further evaluation will necessarily validate the superiority of personalized glycemic management over conventional management.
Anti–VEGFR2-Interferon α Promotes the Infiltration of CD8+ T Cells in Colorectal Cancer by Upregulating the Expression of CCL5
Authors: Huang Linhua , Gao Rui , Nan Lidi , Qi Jingyao , Yang Siyu , Shao Shuai , Xie Jiajun , Pan Mingzhu , Qiu Tianquan , Zhang Juan 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
Immunocytokines are a promising immunotherapeutic approach in cancer therapy. Anti–VEGFR2-interferon α (IFNα) suppressed colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and enhanced CD8+ T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, exhibiting great clinical translational potential. However, the mechanism of how the anti–VEGFR2-IFNα recruits T cells has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that anti–VEGFR2-IFNα suppressed CRC metastasis and enhanced CD8+ T-cell infiltration. RNA sequencing revealed a transcriptional activation of CCL5 in metastatic CRC cells, which was correlated with T-cell infiltration. IFNα but not anti-VEGFR2 could further upregulate CCL5 in tumors. In immunocompetent mice, both IFNα and anti–VEGFR2-IFNα increased the subset of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells through upregulation of CCL5. Knocking down CCL5 in tumor cells attenuated the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and dampened the antitumor efficacy of anti–VEGFR2-IFNα treatment. We, therefore, propose upregulation of CCL5 is a key to enhance infiltration of CD8+ T cells in metastatic CRC with IFNα and IFNα-based immunocytokine treatments. These findings may help the development of IFNα related immune cytokines for the treatment of less infiltrated tumors.