bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core competencies required for the cardiac surgical nurse practitioner
Authors: Foster Sara Schewel 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose: To propose a set of core competencies for the cardiac surgery nurse practitioner (CSNP).Data sources: Research, review articles, standards of practice, hospital practice guidelines.Conclusion: Although there have been preliminary studies that demonstrate the effectiveness and cost savings associated with the use of a CSNP, specific competencies have yet to be defined. The CSNP provides direct patient care and functions simultaneously as part of an interdisciplinary team. The CSNP cares for the patient from preadmission until postdischarge. The CSNP facilitates the transfer of information along the transitions of care that is vital to positive patient outcomes.Implications for practice: Changes in health care have forced providers to find ways to decrease the cost of services while maintaining high‐quality, efficient care for their patients. In addition, there is a rising acuity of the patient population admitted for cardiac surgery. The continued development of the role of the CSNP and evidence that supports the cost savings and improved patient outcomes that result from the use of CSNPs will encourage more and more cardiac surgery programs to use CSNPs along the continuum of care.
Primary care management of tuberous sclerosis complex in children
Authors: Manohara Deepa 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose: To provide primary care providers with a general overview of the genetic disorder tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). By understanding the disease mechanism for this genetic condition, providers can effectively care for TSC patients and properly educate families who are affected by TSC. The article also describes the multi‐system clinical presentation of the disease to assist primary care providers with an early diagnosis.Data Resources: Research articles and evidence‐based guidelines found through MEDLINE and the World Wide Web.Conclusions: Using various diagnostic tools and treatment options, providers can offer the multidisciplinary approach needed to manage this disease appropriately. New treatment options, such as rapamycin, may be the future drug of choice in treating TSC.Implications for practice: By following evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines, providers can hope to reduce TSC‐related morbidity and mortality.
Overview of: “The Impact of Drug Market Pulling Levers Policing on Neighborhood Violence: An Evaluation of the High Point Drug Market Intervention”
Authors: Corsaro Nicholas , Hunt Eleazer D. , Hipple Natalie Kroovand , McGarrell Edmund F. 
Published: May 2012

Research Summary  Pulling levers policing draws upon the focused deterrence framework, which has shown considerable promise when directed at youth, gun, and gang offenders. However, much less is known about the viability of pulling levers when applied to different contexts as well as to diverse groups of offenders. We examine the High Point (North Carolina) Drug Market Intervention (DMI), the first site to use pulling levers as a place‐based policing approach to disrupt a series of open‐air drug markets across the city. Eleven years of longitudinal data are analyzed by using difference‐in‐difference panel regression analyses combined with finite mixture estimation as a means to test for divergence in violent crime patterns. Several key, although inconsistent, findings are presented. First, we found a statistically significant reduction in violent offenses in specific high‐crime places (i.e., high‐trajectory census blocks) located across the different targeted neighborhoods compared with the remainder of High Point, and relative to comparable nontargeted areas. Second, the citywide violent crime rate actually increased after a series of interventions unfolded, which may suggest limitations with the approach. Finally, trend analyses indicated the strategy had different levels of violent crime impact throughout unique geographic contexts.Policy Implications  Rather than arresting every offender identified as having participated in illicit drug trafficking across various geographic contexts within the city, officials in High Point decided to invite low‐risk drug offenders to community notification sessions in order to change their perceived risk of punishment as well as to mobilize community members across the different targeted neighborhoods. The suggestive evidence of potential, although limited, violent crime impact illustrates that this type of policing strategy may hold considerable promise. This interpretation gains credence when considered with prior evaluations of the DMI approach that illustrated the potential for reducing drug‐related crime and in light of reports of improved police–community relations. The inconsistent findings across all locations and the overall city increase in violent crime toward the end of the study period, however, raise several concerns when interpreting study results. Additionally, our findings suggest that further replications should include systematic problem‐identification, process measures, and more precise research designs.
Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Novel 3‐Azabicyclo[3.3.0]octanyl Oxazolidinones
Authors: Bhattarai Deepak , Lee Sun H. , Seo Seon H. , Nam Ghilsoo , Kang Soon B. , Pae Ae N. , Kim Eunice E. , Oh Taegwon , Cho Sang‐Nae , Keum Gyochang 
Published: May 2012

We synthesized a series of oxazolidinone‐type antibacterials in which morpholine C‐ring of linezolid has been modified by substituted 3‐azabicyclo[3.3.0]octanyl rings. Acetamide or 1,2,3‐triazole heterocycle was used as C‐5 side chain of oxazolidinone. The resulting series of compounds was then screened in vitro against panel of susceptible and resistant Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative bacteria, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Several analogs in this series exhibited potent in vitro antibacterial activity comparable or superior to linezolid against the tested bacteria. Compounds 10a, 10b, 11a, and 15a displayed highly potent activity against M. tuberculosis. Selected compound 10b showed good human microsomal stability and CYP‐profile, and showed low activity against hERG channel.
Foundational Semantics II: Normative Accounts
Authors: García‐Carpintero Manuel 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDescriptive semantic theories purport to characterize the meanings of the expressions of languages in whatever complexity they might have. Foundational semantics purports to identify the kind of considerations relevant to establish that a given descriptive semantics accurately characterizes the language used by a given individual or community. Foundational Semantics I presents three contrasting approaches to the foundational matters, and the main considerations relevant to appraise their merits. These approaches contend that we should look at the contents of speakers’ intuitions; at the deep psychology of users and its evolutionary history, as revealed by our best empirical theories; or at the personal‐level rational psychology of those subjects. Foundational Semantics II examines a fourth view, according to which we should look instead at norms enforced among speakers. The two papers aim to determine in addition the extent to which the approaches are really rival, or rather complementary.
An added value for the hemoglobin content in reticulocytes (CHr) and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in the diagnosis of iron deficiency in postpartum anemic women
Authors: RAMAKERS C. , Van Der WOUDE D. A. A. , VERZIJL J. M. , PIJNENBORG J. M. A. , Van WIJK E. M. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryIntroduction: To evaluate the use of reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) to identify truly iron‐deficient women with postpartum anemia (PPA), in order to reduce unnecessary iron supplementation.Methods: Three hundred women with more than 500 mL of blood loss or clinical signs of anemia were divided in a control (Hb ≥ 10.5 g/dL,N = 150) and postpartum anemia group (PPA, Hb < 10.5 g/dL;N = 150). PPA women were given ferrous fumarate for a period of 4 weeks. Efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by comparing Hb, CHr, and MCV at baseline (T0) and after 4 weeks (T4). Using standard iron deficiency cut off values for MCV (80 fL) and CHr (28 pg) atT0, we divided the PPA group of both parameters into two subgroups, one suggestive for iron deficiency and one suggestive for noniron deficiency.Results: Irrespective of the parameter or the subdivision, delta Hb concentrations (T4–T0) showed a similar increase in all PPA subgroups investigated. Both parameters in the PPA subgroups below their respective cut off value showed a significant improvement toward normalization, while the MCV and CHr in the PPA subgroups above their respective cut off value did not show any significant increase.Conclusion: Our data suggest that the etiology of the anemia in postpartum anemic women is not always iron deficiency. Using a combination of Hb, MCV and CHr, we increased the stringency to identify truly iron‐deficient postpartum anemic women, thereby reducing unnecessary iron supplementation in those women with sufficient iron stores.
Effects of Sauna Alone and Postexercise Sauna Baths on Blood Pressure and Hemodynamic Variables in Patients With Untreated Hypertension
Authors: Gayda Mathieu , Paillard François , Sosner Philippe , Juneau Martin , Garzon Mauricio , Gonzalez Mariel , Bélanger Manon , Nigam Anil 
Published: May 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;00:00–00 ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The effects of sauna alone vs exercise and sauna on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and central hemodynamic variables were measured in 16 patients with untreated hypertension assigned to a control period, sauna, or exercise and sauna. Exercise and sauna had positive effects on 24‐hour systolic and mean blood pressure in patients with untreated hypertension. Exercise and sauna and sauna alone reduce total vascular resistance, with positive effects lasting up to 120 minutes after heat exposure.
Caught Between Culture, Society, and Globalization: Youth Marginalization in Post‐industrial Japan
Authors: Norasakkunkit Vinai , Uchida Yukiko , Toivonen Tuukka 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this article, we review the controversies regarding how representative Japanese psychological patterns are of an interdependent orientation and discuss understanding these controversies in the context of seeing Japanese youth as being marginalized in their own society. We review specific studies on shifting values and motivational patterns at the individual level and incorporate a sociological perspective to understand the causes of these patterns at the social‐structural level. We argue that traditional cultural practices are maintained to protect the senior elites of Japan at a cost of increasing the rift between culture, society, and post‐industrial trends. The unsustainability of this rift then ends up asymmetrically marginalizing Japanese youth who bear the brunt of the cost of institutional resistance to globalization pressures. Therefore, the “demotivation” and psychological distancing from interdependent norms among marginalized Japanese youth are not the causes of marginalization, but rather, are an outcome of it. Thus, we argue that psychology of globalization and the psychology of marginalization can go hand‐in‐hand, especially for societies with dominant institutions that are interdependent, relatively inflexible, seniority‐based, and are entering a post‐industrial economy due to globalization demands.
Use of a fibrin adhesive for conjunctival closure in trabeculectomy
Authors: Martinez‐de‐la‐Casa José M. , Rayward Omar , Saenz‐Frances Federico , Mendez Carmen , Bueso Enrique Santos , Garcia‐Feijoo Julián 
Published: May 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To assess the safety and efficacy of a fibrin tissue adhesive (Tissucol Duo®) used to close the conjunctiva in trabeculectomy.Methods:  A nonrandomized prospective study including 57 patients with chronic simple glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy surgery. All the trabeculectomies were conducted by the same surgeon using the same surgical technique with the exception that conjunctival closure was achieved by either running Nylon 10/0 suture (n = 29) or using the fibrin glue (n = 28). Preoperative and postoperative data were obtained on intraocular pressure (IOP), number of hypotensive medications used, self‐reported discomfort and complications arising during and after surgery.Results:  No differences were detected between the two patient groups regarding the intraocular pressure reduction achieved during follow‐up. In the first 2 weeks of follow‐up, reported discomfort assessed using a visual analogue scale was significantly lower in the Tissucol Duo® group. Two patients in the Tissucol Duo® group suffered conjunctival dehiscence and suturing was required at 24 hours postsurgery. Remaining complications were similar in the two groups.Conclusion:  The use of Tissucol Duo® seems to be a safe and efficient option for conjunctival closure in trabeculectomy that simplifies the surgical procedure and reduces patient discomfort in the immediate postoperative period.
INFECTIOUS SPONDYLODISCITIS IN PATIENTS WITH CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS FOR HAEMODIALYSIS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Sánchez José Luis Cobo , Revuelta Magdalena Gándara , Mantecón María Eugenia Cuadrado , Alonso Rosa Ana Sainz , Cano María Soraya Sánchez 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYAim: To evaluate the prevalence of infectious spondylodiscitis associated with central venous catheters (CVC) for haemodialysis.Methods: Descriptive and retrospective research. Clinical histories of 830 patients with a CVC for haemodialysis in our unit were reviewed from January 1999 to December 2010. Clinical data associated with spondylodiscitis were collected.Results: Five out of 830 patients reported infectious spondylodiscitis associated with their CVC for haemodialysis. Of the five cases, the average age was 66 years (range 59–72 years), there were four females and one male. Three had diabetic nephropathy. Site of CVC: four jugular, one femoral. Signs and symptoms: fever and leucocytosis 100%, lumbar pain 85%; positive blood cultures 60%; computed axial tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showing signs suggestive of spondylodiscitis or epidural abscess 100%.Conclusions: Although rare, infectious spondylodiscitis is a serious complication in haemodialysis patients with a CVC as vascular access. It is essential that any alarming sign of infection to be recorded daily and appropriate treatment to initiate in order to avoid fatal complications.
Revised Chronostratigraphic Framework of the Metamorphic Strata in the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt, South China and its Tectonic Implications
Authors: Linzhi GAO , Xiaozhong DING , Chuanheng ZHANG , Jun CHEN , Yaorong LIU , Hang ZHANG , Xanxue LIU , Weihua PANG 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:In a re‐study of regional geology by the China Geological Survey (CGS), the key problem is in the stratigraphical division and correlation. According to the new isotopic dating of the Meso‐ and Neoproterozoic in China, there have been great changes in the strata correlation and tectonic explanation. The authors obtained four zircon sensitive high resolution ion micro‐probe (SHRIMP) U‐Pb datings from the bentonite of the Lengjiaxi Group (822±10 Ma, 823±12 Ma and 834±11 Ma) and Banxi Group (802.6±7.6 Ma) in north Hunan Province, which is considered to be the middle part of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt. On the basis of the zircon dating mentioned above, the end of the Wuling orogen is first limited in the period from 822 Ma to 802 Ma in one continued outcrop (Lucheng section) in Linxiang city, Hunan Province. Combining a series of new zircon U‐Pb datings in the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, several Neoproterozoic volcanic events and distribution of the metamorphic rocks in the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt have been distinguished. In the context of the global geodynamics, it is useful to set up a practical and high precision chronological framework and basic and unified late Precambrian section in South China.
Petrological Implication of the Albite Rims in the Felsic Gneisses of the Fuping Complex
Authors: Liudong REN , Chonghui YANG , Lilin DU 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:The albite rim is present in most felsic gneisses of the Fuping Complex. The presence of the rim indicates the coexistence of plagioclase and K‐feldspar in the rock. The rim is formed immediately after the myrmekite, and both textures were derived from the alteration of K‐feldspar. The difference is that that there is no quartz present in the rim, and the rim is nearly albite and the anorthite content of the rim plagioclase is substantially lower than that of the myrmekite plagioclase. Formed at 400–500°C the albite rim was derived from the K‐feldspar composition adjustment in the late or post‐magmatism stage. As the temperature decreased, the equilibrium between K‐feldspar and plagioclase could be maintained, and reactions between the minerals occurred. The leucocratic veins in the complex show distinguished magma or migmatitic characteristics. The rim might form in the late magma or deuteric stage. The formation of the rim implies obvious granitic magma‐ or melt‐injection activity. Typical metamorphic rocks cannot produce the rims. Anatexis after medium‐high grade metamorphism might be subordinate. If present, the anatexis is water‐present, but the rim texture cannot be taken as the symbol of anatexis.
Genetic Mechanism of Dolomitization in Fengcheng Formation in the Wu‐Xia area of Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Shifa ZHU , Xiaomin ZHU , Huapeng NIU , Xuefang HAN , Yueqian ZHANG , Xincai YOU 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:The dolomitic rocks of the Fengcheng Formation are considered to be formed under special geologic conditions, and are significant hydrocarbon reservoir rocks in the Wu‐Xia area in the Junggar Basin. Analyses of petrologic characteristics and stable isotope composition indicate that the dolomitizing host rock is volcanic and the dolomitizing fluids probably consists of brine from shore‐shallow lakes with great evaporation and salinity in the Fengcheng Formation, which have formed under arid climatic conditions, as well as residual Mg‐rich seawater from the underlying Jiamuhe Formation and Carboniferous. Dust tuff in the area has significant plagioclase content. Anorthite and labradorite hydrolysis by CO2 can be coupled with calcite precipitation. Late Mg‐rich brine percolated and replaced calcite formed in the early time, which lead to precipitate dolostones with different occurrences, such as graniphyric, random bedded or lumpy. The diagenetic dolostones with different occurrences resulting from particular formation conditions occurred in different tectonic settings. The dolomitizing fluid has been driven by the thermal convection flow generated by volcanic eruptions. At the same time, the overthrusts of the Wu‐Xia growth fault have speeded up the flow of deep Mg‐rich water upwards, and induced the water to quickly penetrate and horizontally migrate in the strata. Fracture is the major and the most important reservoir space in dolomitic reservoir of the Fengcheng Formation. Fracture and fault plays a decisive role in controlling the formation of dolostone and the distribution of favorable reservoirs. The deliverability of oil and gas is determined by the development and match relations of dissolved pores and fractures to a certain degree.
Abundance of anammox bacteria in different wetland soils
Authors: Humbert Sylvia , Zopfi Jakob , Tarnawski Sonia‐Estelle 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe diversity and activity of anammox bacteria has been studied in various environments, but knowledge about their abundance and population dynamics is scarce and particularly lacking for soils. A SYBR Green qPCR protocol was developed for the quantification of anammox bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies using newly designed primers. This primer set allows specific detection of all currently known anammox candidate genera including members of a new anammox cluster. Seven wetland soils were investigated and anammox bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of 4.01 × 104 to 6.74 × 106 per gram of fresh soil were detected. Anammox bacteria were also quantified along a Gleysol profile at three different sampling dates. Anammox 16S rRNA gene abundance increased significantly with soil depth and varied only little between seasons, suggesting that anammox bacteria represent a minor but stable microbial population in this soil.
Mitigating Inequalities of Influence among States in Global Decision Making
Authors: Hoffman Steven J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractInternational institutions should be as equal as they claim to be, especially since many of them assert superordinate normative authority based on having egalitarian governance structures. However, when defining equality with respect to states’ real‐world influence in determining substantive outcomes, it is evident that there is an equality‐influence gap between the rhetoric of parity among states and the reality of international politics. This is problematic because it undermines trust in those international institutions that falsely claim to embody equality among states when empirically they do not. Focusing on the United Nations System, this paper identifies three main causes of this disproportional influence among states in global decision making: (a) external imbalances in political capital; (b) internal economic barriers; and (c) surreptitious influence through non‐state actors, funding and training. Six pragmatic strategies are proposed for mitigating these inequalities: (1) building capacity for leadership in global advocacy; (2) supporting global networks owned by developing countries; (3) equalizing multi‐party partnerships; (4) facilitating evidence‐informed global decision making; (5) enhancing accountability and independent evaluation; and (6) encouraging further discussion on institutional reforms. Notwithstanding sovereign equality’s deep flaws, it is hoped that challenging the egalitarian presumptions of global decision making will encourage further debate on this issue among those who can act upon it.Policy Implications
Inequalities of influence among states should be mitigated in order to avert the moral fraud and distrust that results from international institutions' claims of superordinate normative authority based on fictional sovereign equality.
NGOs can help mitigate inequalities but they can also inadvertently deepen them by prioritizing the interests of the powerful states, wealthy elites and private industries that frequently fund them and to whom they are legally accountable.
It is both desirable and possible to achieve more equal decision making in global governance, especially throughout the United Nations System which celebrates the principle of sovereign equality and benefits from an institutional architecture that naturally supports it.
Mitigating this equality‐influence gap may help foster better global decision making and a more peaceful, secure and prosperous international society.