bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with renal oxygen extraction in mechanically ventilated children after the Norwood operation: insights from high fidelity haemodynamic data
Authors: Loomba Rohit S. , Villarreal Enrique G. , Farias Juan S. , Flores Saul , Wong Joshua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground:Maintaining the adequacy of systemic oxygen delivery is of utmost importance, particularly in critically ill children. Renal oxygen extraction can be utilised as metric of the balance between systemic oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption. The primary aim of this study was to determine what clinical factors are associated with renal oxygen extraction in children after Norwood procedure.Methods:Mechanically ventilated children who underwent Norwood procedure from 1 September, 2022 to 1 March, 2023 were identified as these patients had data collected and stored with high fidelity by the T3 software. Data regarding haemodynamic values, fluid balance, and airway pressure were collected and analysed using Bayesian regression to determine the association of the individual metrics with renal oxygen extraction.Results:A total of 27,270 datapoints were included in the final analyses. The resulting top two models explained had nearly 80% probability of being true and explained over 90% of the variance in renal oxygen extraction. The coefficients for each variable retained in the best were −1.70 for milrinone, −19.05 for epinephrine, 0.129 for mean airway pressure, −0.063 for mean arterial pressure, 0.111 for central venous pressure, 0.093 for arterial saturation, 0.006 for heart rate, −0.025 for respiratory rate, 0.366 for systemic vascular resistance, and −0.032 for systemic blood flow.Conclusion:Increased milrinone, epinephrine, mean arterial pressure, and systemic blood flow were associated with decreased (improved) renal oxygen extraction, while increased mean airway pressure, central venous pressure, arterial saturation, and systemic vascular resistance were associated with increased (worsened) renal oxygen extraction.
Transforming the Rule of Law in Environmental and Climate Litigation: Prohibiting the Arbitrary Treatment of Future Generations
Authors: Sulyok Katalin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article maps the shared legal anatomy of climate and environmental lawsuits, in which plaintiffs claim protection for future generations before domestic or international courts. By closely analyzing the litigation strategies of plaintiffs and the inquiry of courts, the article argues that these proceedings revolve around structurally similar legal standards across domestic and international jurisdictions, which correspond to five normative requirements flowing from the rule of law: namely, respect for human rights, certain quality of law requirements, prohibition of arbitrary exercise of governmental powers, non-discrimination, and access to justice. The cross-jurisdictional analysis shows that courts appear to be increasingly willing to protect future generations against arbitrary treatment by present-day decision makers. The article appraises whether such an intergenerationally sensitive reinterpretation of the rule of law could help to change the short-termist paradigm of environmental and climate law.
Distributed Optical Fibre Sensing for High Space‐Time Resolution Ocean Velocity Observations: A Case Study From a Macrotidal Channel
Authors: Spingys Carl P. , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Belal Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite significant recent technological advances, oceanographic observations on horizontal scales of meters to a few kilometres prove challenging. Exploiting legacy seafloor cables presents a disruptive prospect to address this gap, as it may provide low‐cost sustained observations with high space‐time resolution, enabled through novel opto‐electronic interrogation of optical fibers within the cables. Here, we demonstrate this approach in a renewable tidal energy cable embedded within a region with a strong barotropic tide. By making remote measurements continuously over 12 hr, we obtain the distributed differential strain experienced by 2 km of offshore cable from a diverse range of oceanic flow processes, with an along‐cable resolution of 2.04 m. We successfully identify: (a) nearshore wave breaking and its modulation by changes in water depth; (b) along‐cable tidal velocity, shown to be linearly related to the differential strain; and (c) high‐frequency motions consistent with 3‐dimensional turbulent processes, either of natural origin or from flow‐cable interaction. These inferences are supported by nearby conventional measurements of water depth and velocity.
Is Bias Correction in Dynamical Downscaling Defensible?
Authors: Risser Mark D. , Rahimi Stefan , Goldenson Naomi , Hall Alex , Lebo Zachary J. , Feldman Daniel R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLocalized projections of 21st‐century hydroclimate variables obtained from downscaling Global Climate Model (GCM) output are central to informing regional impact assessments and infrastructure planning. Regional GCM biases can be significant and, for dynamical downscaling, can be addressed either before (a priori) or after (a posteriori) downscaling. However, a priori bias correction (APBC) has generally unexplored effects on climate change signals. Here we analyze dynamically downscaled solutions of CMIP6 GCMs over the Western U.S., with and without APBC, and quantify APBC's impact on climate change signals relative to other irreducible uncertainty sources. For temperature and precipitation, the uncertainty introduced by APBC is negligible compared to that arising from GCM choice or internal variability. Furthermore, APBC greatly reduces regional models' unrealistically high snow‐water‐equivalent (SWE) biases that result directly from GCM errors. We leverage this finding to encourage the dynamical downscaling community to adopt APBC as a standard operating procedure.
A Living Assessment of Different Materials for Stratospheric Aerosol Injection—Building Bridges Between Model World and the Messiness of Reality
Authors: Visioni Daniele , Quaglia Ilaria , Steinke Isabelle 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere are obstacles in better understanding the climate impacts associated with new materials that could be used for Stratospheric Aerosol Injections (SAI), like the lack of an integrated framework that combines climate modeling across scales, laboratory studies and small‐scale field experiments. Vattioni et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gl105889) explored one aspect of using alternative, non‐sulfate materials for SAI. They investigated how uncertain the response of stratospheric ozone would be to alumina injections for SAI. In their study, they quantify chlorine activation rates in the presence of alumina, and then cascade these uncertainties into estimates of ozone depletion, concluding that alumina might have less detrimental impacts on stratospheric chemistry than sulfate, but with large uncertainties. Their results provide a useful basis upon which future research endeavors combining indoor and outdoor experiments and modeling may be structured to produce robust assessments of SAI impacts, benefits and uncertainties, together with clarifying what kind of research needs to be prioritized.
Cloud Radiative Effects Associated With Daily Weather Regimes
Authors: Zhao Ming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing high temporal resolution satellite observations and reanalysis data, we classify daily weather into distinct regimes and quantify their associated cloud radiative effect (CRE) to better understand the roles of various weather systems in affecting Earth's top‐of‐atmosphere radiation budget. These regimes include non‐precipitation, drizzle, wet non‐storm, and storm days, which encompass atmospheric rivers (AR), tropical storms (TS), and mesoscale convection systems (MCS). We find that precipitation (wet) days account for roughly 80% (60%) of global longwave (LW) and shortwave (SW) CREs due to their large frequency and high intensity in CRE. Despite being rare globally (13%), AR, TS, and MCS days together account for 32% of global LW CRE and 27% of SW CRE due to their higher intensity in LW and SW CRE. These results enhance our understanding of how various weather systems, particularly severe storms, influence Earth's radiative balance, and will help to better constrain climate models.
Visualization of cristae and mtDNA interactions via STED nanoscopy using a low saturation power probe
Authors: Ren Wei , Ge Xichuan , Li Meiqi , Sun Jing , Li Shiyi , Gao Shu , Shan Chunyan , Gao Baoxiang , Xi Peng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMitochondria are crucial organelles closely associated with cellular metabolism and function. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes a variety of transcripts and proteins essential for cellular function. However, the interaction between the inner membrane (IM) and mtDNA remains elusive due to the limitations in spatiotemporal resolution offered by conventional microscopy and the absence of suitable in vivo probes specifically targeting the IM. Here, we have developed a novel fluorescence probe called HBmito Crimson, characterized by exceptional photostability, fluorogenicity within lipid membranes, and low saturation power. We successfully achieved over 500 frames of low-power stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED) imaging to visualize the IM dynamics, with a spatial resolution of 40 nm. By utilizing dual-color imaging of the IM and mtDNA, it has been uncovered that mtDNA tends to habitat at mitochondrial tips or branch points, exhibiting an overall spatially uniform distribution. Notably, the dynamics of mitochondria are intricately associated with the positioning of mtDNA, and fusion consistently occurs in close proximity to mtDNA to minimize pressure during cristae remodeling. In healthy cells, >66% of the mitochondria are Class III (i.e., mitochondria >5 μm or with >12 cristae), while it dropped to <18% in ferroptosis. Mitochondrial dynamics, orchestrated by cristae remodeling, foster the even distribution of mtDNA. Conversely, in conditions of apoptosis and ferroptosis where the cristae structure is compromised, mtDNA distribution becomes irregular. These findings, achieved with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution, reveal the intricate interplay between cristae and mtDNA and provide insights into the driving forces behind mtDNA distribution.
Analysis of the acoustoelectric response of SAW gas sensors using a COM model
Authors: Yuan Yang , Yang Tao , Chen Xi , Yu Linglang , Hou Xiaoxiao , Zhang Guangzu , Dong Wen , Lu Zixiao , Li Honglang , Reindl Leonhard , Luo Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSurface acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensors based on the acoustoelectric effect exhibit wide application prospects for in situ gas detection. However, establishing accurate models for calculating the scattering parameters of SAW gas sensors remains a challenge. Here, we present a coupling of modes (COM) model that includes the acoustoelectric effect and specifically explains the nonmonotonic variation in the center frequency with respect to the sensing film’s sheet conductivity. Several sensing parameters of the gas sensors, including the center frequency, insertion loss, and phase, were experimentally compared for accuracy and practicality. Finally, the frequency of the phase extremum (FPE) shift was determined to vary monotonically, and the range of selectable test points was wide, making the FPE an appropriate response parameter for leveraging in SAW gas sensors. The simulation results of the COM model were highly consistent with the experimental results. Our study is proposed to provide theoretical guidance for the future development of gas SAW sensors.
Enhancing cellular behavior in repaired tissue via silk fibroin-integrated triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Li Zhelin , Xu Shuxing , Xu Zijie , Shu Sheng , Liu Guanlin , Zhou Jianda , Lin Ding , Tang Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a promising approach for generating electricity and providing electrical stimuli in medical electronic devices. Despite their potential benefits, the clinical implementation of TENGs faces challenges such as skin compliance and a lack of comprehensive assessment regarding their biosafety and efficacy. Therefore, further research is imperative to overcome these limitations and unlock the full potential of TENGs in various biomedical applications. In this study, we present a flexible silk fibroin-based triboelectric nanogenerator (SFB-TENG) that features an on-skin substrate and is characterized by excellent skin compliance and air/water permeability. The range of electrical output generated by the SFB-TENG was shown to facilitate the migration and proliferation of Hy926, NIH-3T3 and RSC96 cells. However, apoptosis of fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells was observed when the output voltage increased to more than 20 V at a frequency of 2 Hz. In addition, the moderate electrical stimulation provided by the SFB-TENG promoted the cell proliferation cycle in Hy926 cells. This research highlights the efficacy of a TENG system featuring a flexible and skin-friendly design, as well as its safe operating conditions for use in biomedical applications. These findings position TENGs as highly promising candidates for practical applications in the field of tissue regeneration.
An automatic Q-factor matching method for eliminating 77% of the ZRO of a MEMS vibratory gyroscope in rate mode
Authors: Ren Jingbo , Zhou Tong , Zhou Yi , Li Yixuan , Su Yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMismatching quality factors (Q-factors) is one of the main factors causing zero-rate output (ZRO) in degenerate (DE) Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) vibratory gyroscopes. To eliminate the ZRO of the DE MEMS gyroscope, this study introduces a method for real-time identification and automatic matching of Q-factors in rate mode. By leveraging the vibration characteristics of the DE MEMS vibratory gyroscope in rate mode, dedicated online test methods are designed to determine the Q-factors for both the drive and sense modes, enabling online identification of the Q-factor mismatching. Furthermore, an automatic Q-factor matching system is designed utilizing the mechanical-thermal dissipation mechanism of the resistive damper. The effectiveness of this proposed method is validated through simulations and experiments conducted on a MEMS disk resonator gyroscope (DRG). The results show a measurement error within 4% for Q-factor identification, and automatic Q-factor matching effectively reduces the ZRO by 77%. Employing this automatic Q-factor matching method successfully reduces the ZRO that is caused by the mismatching of Q-factors in the MEMS DRG from 0.11°/s to 0.025°/s and improves the bias instability (BI) from 0.40°/s to 0.19°/s.
Maintenance of peri-implant health in general dental practice
Authors: Perussolo ﻿Jeniffer , Donos Nikolaos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe long-term maintenance or restoration of peri-implant tissues‘ health depends on the strategic implementation of preventive measures and interventions. These measures should be initiated before implant placement and continued throughout a patient's lifetime, as part of a tailored and comprehensive supportive peri-implant care (SPIC) programme. Central to the clinical efforts of maintaining and rehabilitating peri-implant tissues are several key factors, including the ongoing assessment and frequent monitoring of tissue health and stability, proactive oral health promotion, the control of risk factors and indicators and the provision of professional plaque biofilm removal. It is of paramount importance to underline that SPIC should not limit its scope exclusively to patients already in a state of peri-implant health; in fact, it is imperative that it should extend its protective effect to individuals who have been previously diagnosed and treated for peri-implant diseases, focusing on preventing its recurrence and progression, thereby avoiding further complications, such as implant loss.This narrative review presents an overview of the current literature on the maintenance of peri-implant tissues‘ health and the steps of SPIC providing insights into the critical factors to be considered when managing dental implant patients in the general dental practice.
Melatonin alleviates septic ARDS by inhibiting NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy in alveolar macrophages
Authors: Xu Wenting , Wu Yutong , Wang Sheng , Hu Song , Wang Yu , Zhou Wenyu , Chen Yuanli , Li Quanfu , Zhu Lina , Yang Hao , Lv Xin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFerroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death which can exacerbate lung injury in septic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Alveolar macrophages, crucial innate immune cells, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ARDS. Ferritinophagy is a process of ferritin degradation mediated by nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) which releases large amounts of iron ions thus promoting ferroptosis. Recent evidence revealed that inhibiting macrophage ferroptosis can effectively attenuate pulmonary inflammatory injury. Melatonin (MT), an endogenous neurohormone, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and can reduce septic ARDS. However, it is not clear whether MT’s pulmonary protective effect is related to the inhibition of macrophage ferritinophagy. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that MT decreased intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA), Fe2+, and lipid peroxidation levels, increased glutathione (GSH) levels and cell proliferation, and upregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) protein levels in LPS-treated macrophages. Mechanistically, the antiferroptotic effect of MT on LPS-treated macrophages was significantly compromised by the overexpression of NCOA4. Our in vivo experiments revealed that MT alleviated the protein expression of NCOA4 and FTH1 in the alveolar macrophages of septic mice. Furthermore, MT improved lipid peroxidation and mitigated damage in alveolar macrophages and lung tissue, ultimately increasing the survival rates of septic mice. These findings indicate that MT can inhibit ferroptosis in an NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy manner, thereby ameliorating septic ARDS.
PLCβ1 by-passes early growth response -1 to induce the differentiation of neuronal cells
Authors: González-Burguera Imanol , Lin Guanyu , López de Jesús Maider , Saumell-Esnaola Miquel , Barrondo Sergio , García del Caño Gontzal , Sallés Joan , Scarlata Suzanne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Gαq/phospholipase C-β (PLCβ) signaling system mediates calcium responses to a variety of hormones and neurotransmitters. Recent studies suggest that PLCβ1 expression plays a role in the differentiation of two types of cultured neuronal cells (PC12 and SK-N-SH) through a mechanism independent of Gαq. Here, we show that, similar to that observed in PC12 and SK-N-SH cells, PLCβ1 expression increases when human NT2 cells are induced to differentiate either through cytosine-β-D-arabinofuranoside or retinoic acid. Preventing this increase, abolishes differentiation, and down-regulating PLCβ1 in rat primary astrocytes causes cells to adapt an undifferentiated morphology. Surprisingly, transfecting PLCβ1 into undifferentiated PC12 or NT2 cells induces differentiation without the need for differentiating agents. Studies to uncover the underlying mechanism focused on the transcription factor early growth response 1 (Egr-1) which mediates PLCβ1 expression early in differentiation. Over-expressing PLCβ1 in HEK293 cells enhances Egr-1 expression and induces morphological changes. We show that increased levels of cytosolic PLCβ1 in undifferentiated PC12 cells disrupts the association between Egr-1 and its cytosolic binding partner (Tar RNA binding protein), promoting relocalization of Egr-1 to the nucleus, which promotes transcription of proteins needed for differentiation. These studies show a novel mechanism through which differentiation can be modulated.
KDM5B promotes SMAD4 loss-driven drug resistance through activating DLG1/YAP to induce lipid accumulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Yumin , Liu Shiqian , Wang Yan , Li Baibei , Liang Jiaming , Chen Yu , Tang Bo , Yu Shuiping , Wang Hongquan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInactivated suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) 4 significantly affects cancer development in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the contribution of smad4 loss to drug resistance in PDAC is largely undetermined. In the present study, we reported that the loss of SMAD4 endows PDAC cells the ability to drug resistance through upregulating histone lysine demethylase, Lysine-Specific Demethylase 5B (KDM5B, also known as JARID1B or PLU1). Upregulated KDM5B was found in PDAC, associated with poor prognosis and recurrence of PDAC patients. Upregulated KDM5B promotes PDAC tumor malignancy, i.e. cancer cells stemness and drug resistance in vitro and in vivo, while KDM5B knockout exerts opposite effects. Mechanistically, loss of Smad4-mediated upregulation of KDM5B promotes drug resistance through inhibiting the discs-large homolog 1 (DLG1), thereby facilitating nuclear translocation of YAP to induce de novo lipogenesis. Moreover, m6A demethylase FTO is involved in the upregulation of KDM5B by maintaining KDM5B mRNA stability. Collectively, the present study suggested FTO-mediated KDM5B stabilization in the context of loss of Smad4 activate DLG1/YAP1 pathway to promote tumorigenesis by reprogramming lipid accumulation in PDAC. Our study confirmed that the KDM5B-DLG1-YAP1 pathway axis plays a crucial role in the genesis and progression of PDAC, and KDM5B was expected to become a target for the treatment of PDAC.
Mutant kri1l causes abnormal retinal development via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction
Authors: Zhang Rong , Sun Jiajun , Xie Yabin , Zhu Wei , Tao Meitong , Chen Yu , Xie Wei , Bade Rengui , Jiang Shuyuan , Liu Xiaolei , Shao Guo , Pan Weijun , Zhou Chengjiang , Jia Xiaoe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDamage to the ribosome or an imbalance in protein biosynthesis can lead to some human diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other eye diseases. Here, we reported that the kri1l gene was responsible for retinal development. The kri1l gene encodes an essential component of the rRNA small subunit processome. The retinal structure was disrupted in kri1l mutants, which resulted in small eyes. The boundaries of each layer of cells in the retina were blurred, and each layer of cells was narrowed and decreased. The photoreceptor cells and Müller glia cells almost disappeared in kri1l mutants. The lack of photoreceptor cells caused a fear of light response. The development of the retina started without abnormalities, and the abnormalities began two days after fertilization. In the kri1l mutant, retinal cell differentiation was defective, resulting in the disappearance of cone cells and Müller cells. The proliferation of retinal cells was increased, while apoptosis was also enhanced in kri1l mutants. γ-H2AX upregulation indicated the accumulation of DNA damage, which resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The kri1l mutation reduced the expression of some opsin genes and key retinal genes, which are also essential for retinal development.