bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between height, body mass, and frequency of decayed, extracted, and filled deciduous teeth among two cohorts of Taiwanese first graders
Authors: Floyd B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this study, heights, weights, and numbers of decayed, extracted, and filled (DEF) deciduous teeth of 300 first‐graders from a less affluent area of Taipei were compared with those of 277 first‐graders from a more affluent one. Parents of all children self‐identified as having ancestors from Fujian. This study tested the hypothesis that synergisms between under‐nutrition and disease form part of a causal pathway contributing to the risk of deciduous caries. Within the less affluent community significant inverse associations between height and body mass index, as proxies for nutritional status, and the frequency of DEF deciduous teeth were anticipated. These associations were not expected in the more affluent community where nutritional status was adequate. An alternative hypothesis, that parental behavior potentially correlated with parental education, occupational backgrounds, housing, or family size contributed independently to offspring nutritional status and caries risk, was evaluated with available data. Consistent with the primary hypothesis, regression analyses revealed significant negative slopes of height (P = 0.002) and log BMI (P = 0.036) on total DEF deciduous teeth in the less affluent group, but not in the more affluent one. Direct tests of slope coefficients in the two groups indicate a significant difference for height (P = 0.041) but not log BMI (P = 0.29). Inclusion of parental education, occupational categories, housing, and numbers of siblings in the regression model provided no support to the alternative hypothesis. Results suggest that improving nutritional status significantly lowers caries risk, though most variation is probably attributable to other factors. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Admixture analysis with forensic microsatellites in Minas Gerais, Brazil: The ongoing evolution of the capital and of an African‐derived community
Authors: Scliar Marília O. , Vaintraub Marco T. , Vaintraub Patrícia M.V. , Fonseca Cleusa G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe report the estimated allele frequencies for 13 and 14 microsatellite loci in two populations of Minas Gerais, Brazil as follows: Belo Horizonte (the capital) and Marinhos (an African‐derived community). Analysis of the African, Amerindian, and European genetic contributions to both populations, together with historical information, revealed distinct differences between the two populations. Estimates for Belo Horizonte revealed a higher‐European (66%) than African (32%) contribution, and a minimal Amerindian contribution. These results are consistent with the peopling of the city mainly by people from the Minas Gerais hinterland, a people highly admixed but with more European ancestry. Estimates for Marinhos confirmed the high‐African component of the population. However, a temporal analysis of two datasets—CURRENT (representing the population living in Marinhos today) and ORIGINAL (representing families, who have lived in Marinhos since the onset of the 20th century),—identified a diminishing of the population's African ancestry from 92% in the ORIGINAL group to 67% in the CURRENT group. This change is here interpreted as a consequence of the growing migration into the village of people with more European ancestry and subsequent admixture with the local population. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Minimally invasive bone sampling method for DNA analysis
Authors: Gibbon Victoria E. , Penny Clem B. , Štrkalj Goran , Ruff Paul 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObtaining a bone sample for DNA analysis has traditionally been a destructive practice, which has resulted in reluctance on behalf of curators for skeletal collections to allow invasive testing. A novel minimally invasive bone sampling method for DNA analysis is presented here. This method uses a conventional hand drill wherein the bone sample is extracted from the intercondylar fossa of the femur; it does not interfere with any known anthropometric landmarks and only leaves a small hole on the surface of the bone. The temperature of the drill is documented and it was established due to the minor increase in temperature, that this should not affect the molecular integrity of the sample. This method is easily replicated and is suitable for both human and other animal skeletal material and can be applied to rare specimens with little risk. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adsorption, Diffusion, and Self‐Assembly of an Engineered Gold‐Binding Peptide on Au(111) Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: So Christopher R. , Tamerler Candan , Sarikaya Mehmet 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn einem dynamischen Prozess bilden Peptide nach der Adsorption auf einer Au(111)‐Oberfläche über Oberflächendiffusion und mehrere Dünnfilmtopologien bestimmte Anordnungen (siehe Schema und entsprechende AFM‐Bilder). Diese grundlegende Beobachtung könnte für die Entwicklung von molekularen Hybridmaterialien auf Peptidbasis von Bedeutung sein.magnified image
Umwandlung einer Esterase in eine Epoxidhydrolase
Authors: Jochens Helge , Stiba Konstanze , Savile Christopher , Fujii Ryota , Yu Juin‐Guo , Gerassenkov Tatsiana , Kazlauskas Romas J. , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEin verbreitetes Strukturmotiv hydrolytischer Enzyme ist die α,β‐Hydrolasefaltung. Für eine Umwandlung von Enzymaktivitäten in dieser Superfamilie genügt das Einfügen der am Mechanismus beteiligten Aminosäuren nicht – nur durch Substitution einer Schleife konnte eine Epoxidhydrolaseaktivität in einem Esterasegerüst generiert werden (Bild: Strukturvergleich von Epoxidhydrolasen (grün) mit der Esterase (orange)). Das Resultat war ein enantioselektives Chimärenzym.magnified image
A Multicomponent Reaction of Arynes, Isocyanides, and Terminal Alkynes: Highly Chemo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines and Isoquinolines
Authors: Sha Feng , Huang Xian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLeichtes Spiel mit vielen Komponenten: Eine neuartige Synthesestrategie führte hoch chemo‐ und regioselektiv zu Pyridinen und Isochinolinen. Durch Anpassen der Reaktionsbedingungen können die gewünschten Produkte hoch effizient und atomökonomisch erhalten werden (siehe Schema).magnified image
Influence of the [2Fe]H Subcluster Environment on the Properties of Key Intermediates in the Catalytic Cycle of [FeFe] Hydrogenases: Hints for the Rational Design of Synthetic Catalysts
Authors: Bruschi Maurizio , Greco Claudio , Kaukonen Markus , Fantucci Piercarlo , Ryde Ulf , De Gioia Luca 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNach dem Rezept der Natur: Eine theoretische Studie analysiert, wie die Umgebung des katalytischen Cofaktors der [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase dessen chemische Eigenschaften beeinflusst, insbesondere die relative Stabilität von Komplexen mit verbrückenden und terminalen Hydridliganden (siehe Bild; Fe türkis, S gelb, C grün, N blau, O rot, H grau). Die Ergebnisse helfen, Regeln für den Entwurf bioinspirierter Katalysatoren für die H2‐Produktion zu finden.magnified image
Wie viel Wasser enthält gebrannter Gips?
Authors: Weiss Horst , Bräu Michael F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGeordnetes Wasser: Gips wird schon seit der Antike als Baumaterial eingesetzt. Die Struktur von gebranntem Gips, CaSO4⋅0.5 H2O, sorgte bis heute für Spekulationen. Eine Einkristallstrukturanalyse erbrachte nun ein geordnetes Strukturmodell (siehe Bild; gelb S, grau Ca, blau O, rot H), das mithilfe von DFT‐Rechnungen bestätigt wird.magnified image
Adsorption, Diffusion, and Self‐Assembly of an Engineered Gold‐Binding Peptide on Au(111) Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: So Christopher R. , Tamerler Candan , Sarikaya Mehmet 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGo for the gold! The structural evolution of peptide binding and assembly on a Au(111) surface is dynamic and involves surface diffusion and multiple stages of molecular thin‐film topology development (see schematic depiction and corresponding AFM images). The new fundamental observations may form the basis of peptide‐based novel hybrid molecular technologies of the future.magnified image
Converting an Esterase into an Epoxide Hydrolase
Authors: Jochens Helge , Stiba Konstanze , Savile Christopher , Fujii Ryota , Yu Juin‐Guo , Gerassenkov Tatsiana , Kazlauskas Romas J. , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEntering the fold: A common structural motif in hydrolytic enzymes is the α,β‐hydrolase fold. The interconversion of one enzyme into another by introduction of mechanistically important residues is not enough; only substitution of a loop allows epoxide hydrolase activity in the esterase scaffold to be formed (see picture; structure comparison of epoxide hydrolases (green) with the esterase (orange)). The result is an enantioselective chimeric enzyme.magnified image
A Multicomponent Reaction of Arynes, Isocyanides, and Terminal Alkynes: Highly Chemo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines and Isoquinolines
Authors: Sha Feng , Huang Xian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMany components make light work: A novel synthetic strategy for the preparation of pyridines and isoquinolines in high chemo‐ and regioselectivity has been developed. By manipulating the reaction conditions, either product can be generated smoothly in a highly efficient and atom‐economic manner (see scheme).magnified image
Influence of the [2Fe]H Subcluster Environment on the Properties of Key Intermediates in the Catalytic Cycle of [FeFe] Hydrogenases: Hints for the Rational Design of Synthetic Catalysts
Authors: Bruschi Maurizio , Greco Claudio , Kaukonen Markus , Fantucci Piercarlo , Ryde Ulf , De Gioia Luca 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNature's recipe: A theoretical study analyzes how the environment of the [FeFe] hydrogenase's catalytic cofactor affects its chemical properties, particularly the relative stability of complexes with bridging and terminal hydride ligands (see picture; Fe teal, S yellow, C green, N blue, O red, H gray). The results help to elucidate key rules for the design of bioinspired synthetic catalysts for H2 production.magnified image
Reversible Switching of the Shear Modulus of Photoresponsive Liquid‐Crystalline Polymers
Authors: Verploegen Eric , Soulages Johannes , Kozberg Mariel , Zhang Tejia , McKinley Gareth , Hammond Paula 
Published: April 2009

AbstractManipulation makes light work: The morphology and rheological properties of a liquid‐crystalline system can be dynamically manipulated with UV light by attaching photoresponsive liquid‐crystalline moieties to a siloxane‐based polymer. Stimulation with UV light induces a conformational change in the molecule, which disrupts the liquid‐crystalline mesophase (see picture), and results in a dramatic change in its rheological properties.magnified image
Separation and preconcentration of some heavy‐metal ions using new chelating polymeric hydrogels
Authors: Sharaf Mohamed A. , Arida Hassan A. , Sayed S. A. , Younis Ahmed A. , Farag A. B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo new chelating polymeric hydrogels, crosslinked polyacrylamide/triethylenetetraamine/CS2Na (hydrogel I) and crosslinked polyacrylamide/diethylenetriamine/CS2Na (hydrogel II), were prepared by the transamidation and dithiocarbamylation of crosslinked polyacrylamide. The products were characterized with elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. In both polymeric hydrogels, the optimum pH for the removal of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ions ranged from 7 to 8, from 6 to 7, and from 7 to 8, respectively. The sorption isotherms of the investigated metal ions on the prepared hydrogels were developed, and the equilibrium data fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models well. At the optimum pH for each metal ion, the maximum sorption capacities of hydrogel I toward Cd(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ions, estimated from the Langmuir model, were 5.3, 0.63, and 1.27 mmol/g, respectively, and those of hydrogel II were 4.1, 0.59, and 0.89 mmol/g, respectively. The experimental sorption capacities of hydrogel I toward Cd(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ions were 4.5, 0.6, and 1.2 mmol/g, respectively. In the case of hydrogel II, the capacities were 3.7, 0.52, and 0.88 mmol/g in the same prescribed order. The thermodynamic parameters (the free energy of sorption, enthalpy change, and entropy change) for cadmium, lead, and zinc sorption on the prepared polymers were also determined from the temperature dependence. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Using tricitation to dissect the citation image: Conrad Hal Waddington and the rise of evolutionary developmental biology
Authors: McCain Katherine W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn author's citation image is the set of authors with whom the author is cocited. When mapped using standard author cocitation analysis methods based on cited name co‐occurrence counts across the entire citation database, the original context of cocitation (the focal author cocited with others) is lost. The citation image of Conrad Hal Waddington, a developmental biologist and evolutionary theorist, is mapped using both cocitation and tricitation approaches over three successive decades, 1975–1984, 1985–1994, and 1995–2004. All authors are tagged with a subject ID based on a principal components analysis of the cocitation data. The cocitation analyses place Waddington in a general subject context. The tricitation PFNets bring the major themes in articles citing Waddington into clearer focus. The changing scholarly landscape in which Waddington's work is used is demonstrated by changes in the citation image author set. These changes are associated with a shift from a primary focus on the mechanisms of evolutionary change (Waddington's work on canalization/genetic assimilation) to a resurgence of interest in Waddington's early experimental embryological work. The latter is linked to the emergence of evolutionary developmental biology, an interdisciplinary research area that examines the role of organismal development in evolutionary change.
Effects of domain knowledge on reference search with the PubMed database: An experimental study
Authors: Vibert Nicolas , Ros Christine , Bigot Ludovic Le , Ramond Mélanie , Gatefin Jérôme , Rouet Jean‐François 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMany researchers in medical and life sciences commonly use the PubMed online search engine (http://www.pubmed.gov) to access the MEDLINE bibliographic database. The researchers' strategies were investigated as a function of their knowledge of the content area. Sixteen life science researchers with no experience in neuroscience and 16 neuroscience researchers of matched professional experience performed five bibliographic search tasks about neuroscience topics. Objective measures and concomitant verbal protocols were used to assess behavior and performance. Whatever their knowledge of PubMed, neuroscientists could find adequate references within the allotted time period. Despite their lack of knowledge in neuroscience, life scientists could select adequate references with the same efficiency. However, differences were observed in the way neuroscientists and life scientists proceeded. For instance, life scientists took more time to read the task instructions and opened more abstracts while selecting their answers. These data suggest that regular use of online databases combined with graduate‐level expertise in a broad scientific field like biology can compensate for the absence of knowledge in the specific domain in which references are sought. The large inter‐individual variability in performance within both groups implies that beyond domain knowledge, individual cognitive abilities are the main determinants of bibliographic search performance.
Diagramme zur Auswertung der Johansen‐Formeln für einschnittige Holz‐ bzw. Holzwerkstoff‐Verbindungen
Authors: Schatz Tino 
Published: April 2009

AbstractStiftförmige Verbindungsmittel im Holzbau werden gemäß aktueller Normung europaweit einheitlich nach der rechenaufwendigen Johansen ‐Theorie bemessen. Deren effiziente Umsetzung verlangt eine Auswertung mit der EDV. Dadurch kann der Blick für die Zusammenhänge erschwert werden. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Auswertung mit Hilfe von Diagrammen vorgestellt, die als Ergänzung und Alternative den Umgang mit den neuen Regelungen erleichtern soll.
Auswirkungen der Hydroabrasion auf die Oberflächenrauheit überströmter Betonoberflächen
Authors: Helbig Ulf , Horlacher Hans‐B. , Stamm Jürgen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractZur Beschreibung der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit von Bauteilen wird normalerweise bei der hydraulischen Bemessung im Wasserbau auf die rechnerische absolute hydraulische Rauheit und in der Materialgüte auf die geometrische Rauheit Bezug genommen. Eindeutige Korrelationen und Zusammenhänge konnten aber bis dato noch nicht einwandfrei aufgestellt werden. Am Institut für Wasserbau und Technische Hydromechanik der TU Dresden (IWD) ist ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Oberflächenrauheit von Betonbauwerken entwickelt worden. Weiterhin zeigt sich, dass die Hydroabrasion von Betonoberflächen sowohl einen Oberflächenverschleiß als auch eine Erhöhung der Rauheit mit sich bringt. Hierbei tritt der Einfluss des vorhandenen Größtkorns der Matrix in den Vordergrund. Bei schalglatten Flächen können hydraulische und geometrische Rauheit mit guter Näherung gleich gesetzt werden. Bei hydroabrasiv beaufschlagten Oberflächen laufen derzeit noch Untersuchungen zur Korrelation zwischen hydraulischen und geometrischen Rauheitsparametern.
Versuche zur Ermittlung der Eigenschaften von gebrochenem Verbundsicherheitsglas (VSG) und Berechnung der Resttragfähigkeit eines Glasbogens
Authors: Fahlbusch Mark , Weischede Dietger 
Published: April 2009

AbstractZiel dieser Arbeit war, am konkreten Beispiel des Glasbogens mit Zugstab einen Weg zur rechnerischen Ermittlung der Resttragfähigkeit aufzuzeigen.Dazu wurden anhand von Zug‐ und Biegeversuchen die Materialeigenschaften der Polyvinylbutyral‐ (PVB)‐Folie und des gebrochenen Verbundsicherheitsglases (VSG) aus Einscheiben‐Sicherheitsglas (ESG) bei 10 °C ermittelt. Weiterhin wurden Versuche zur Ermittlung des Reibungswiderstandes von gebrochenem VSG auf Stahl und Neopren durchgeführt.
Mit Schrauben Bewehren – Neue Ergebnisse
Authors: Trautz Martin , Koj Christoph 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSelbstbohrende Vollgewindeschrauben ermöglichen wirkungsvolle Verstärkungen und Versteifungen sowie leistungsfähige Fügungen von Holzbauteilen. Dabei werden gezielt die hohe axiale Zugfestigkeit und Dehnsteifigkeit sowie der kontinuierliche Verbund der Schrauben genutzt, um ähnlich einer Bewehrung im Stahlbetonbau die schwachen Tragrichtungen des Holzes senkrecht und schräg zur Faserrichtung zu ertüchtigen. Die Bemessung der verschiedenen Schraubenkonfigurationen kann mit Hilfe der aus dem Stahlbetonbau bekannten Stabwerkmodelle erfolgen, die den inneren Kraftfluss im Bauteil bzw. im Anschluss nachbilden und eine einfache Dimensionierung der Schrauben ermöglichen.In mehreren Versuchsreihen mit Bauteilverstärkungen und ‐fügungen im Jahr 2007 an der RWTH Aachen konnte die erfolgreiche Anwendung dieses Konstruktionsprinzips gezeigt werden. Darauf aufbauend wurden in einem Fortsetzungsprojekt im Jahr 2008 veränderte und verfeinerte Schraubenkonfigurationen konstruiert und auf ihr Festigkeitsverhalten hin untersucht. Versuche an stahllamellenverstärkten Brettschichtholz‐Trägern und biegesteifen Rahmenecken unter positiver und negativer Momentenbelastung zeigten eine hohe Leistungsfähigkeit, die das Potential der Methode nachdrücklich untermauert.
Are birth defects among Hispanics related to maternal nativity or number of years lived in the United States?
Authors: Ramadhani Tunu , Short Vanessa , Canfield Mark A. , Waller D. Kim , Correa Adolfo , Royle Marjorie , Scheuerle Angela 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Literature on the risk of birth defects among foreign‐ versus U.S.–born Hispanics is limited or inconsistent. We examined the association between country of birth, immigration patterns, and birth defects among Hispanic mothers. METHODS: We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals and assessed the relationship between mothers' country of birth, years lived in the United States, and birth defects among 575 foreign‐born compared to 539 U.S.–born Hispanic mothers. RESULTS: Hispanic mothers born in Mexico/Central America were more likely to deliver babies with spina bifida (OR = 1.53) than their U.S.–born counterparts. Also, mothers born in Mexico/Central America or who were recent United States immigrants (≤5 years) were less likely to deliver babies with all atrial septal defects combined, all septal defects combined, or atrial septal defect, secundum type. However, Hispanic foreign‐born mothers who lived in the United States for >5 years were more likely to deliver babies with all neural tube defects combined (OR = 1.42), spina bifida (OR = 1.89), and longitudinal limb defects (OR = 2.34). Foreign‐born mothers, regardless of their number of years lived in the United States, were more likely to deliver babies with anotia or microtia. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on the type of birth defect, foreign‐born Hispanic mothers might be at higher or lower risk of delivering babies with the defects. The differences might reflect variations in predisposition, cultural norms, behavioral characteristics, and/or ascertainment of the birth defects. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal nutrient intake and risks for transverse and longitudinal limb deficiencies: Data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2003
Authors: Robitaille Julie , Carmichael Suzan L. , Shaw Gary M. , Olney Richard S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The association between periconceptional intake of supplements containing folic acid with specific subtypes of limb deficiencies has been inconsistent. The objective was to investigate whether intake of nutrients involved in one‐carbon metabolism (folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, riboflavin, choline, betaine, zinc, and methionine) through diet alone or in combination with a supplement containing folic acid influenced the risk for transverse limb deficiency (TLD) and longitudinal limb deficiency (LLD).METHODS:We analyzed 1997–2003 data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and included 324 case infants with TLD, 158 case infants with LLD, and 4982 nonmalformed control infants. A food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate nutrient intakes. Use of supplements containing folic acid 1 month before through 2 months after conception was recorded.RESULTS:Use of a supplement containing folic acid was not associated with LLD or TLD. For nonsupplement users, within (1) the lowest quartile of dietary folate intake or vitamin B6 intake, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for LLD were, respectively, 3.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–13.78) and 4.36 (95% CI: 0.93–20.48); and (2) the lowest quartile for riboflavin intake, the aOR for TLD was 2.94 (95% CI: 1.04–8.32). For supplement users within the lowest quartile of folate intake or riboflavin intake, the aORs for TLD were, respectively, 1.52 (95% CI: 0.91–2.54) and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.00–2.37).CONCLUSIONS:TLD and LLD were not associated with supplement use, but TLD was associated with low intakes of riboflavin from diet. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.