bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE GENUSEUXOA(LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Lafontaine J. Donald 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe biogeography of 171 North American species ofEuxoa(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is reviewed. For biogeographical analysis, species are arranged in groups according to habitat; these are 62 aridland species, 69 forest species, 19 widespread species, and 21 species with special or unknown habitat requirements. Aridland species are distributed primarily in grassland areas in the Great Plains and in sagebrush areas or piñon–juniper woodland in the intermontane region. Ranges in these two regions are connected in arid corridors through the Rocky Mountain region. Forest species in western North America are arranged in two groups: those that occur in both conifer forests and piñon–juniper woodland (17 species), and those that occur only in conifer forests (40 species). Species in the former category occur throughout the mountain ranges of the west including those of the Great Basin wherever suitable habitat occurs. Those of the latter category occur in conifer forests on mountain ranges around the Great Basin but do not occur in the Great Basin, even in mountain ranges that support suitable habitat. Most forest species that occur in the Rocky Mountain region also occur in disjunct woodland areas in the Great Plains.The effect of Wisconsinan glaciation on the biogeographic regions of western North America is reconstructed from a review of fossil pollen and plant macrofossil studies. From this synthesis it is suggested that during the Wisconsinan glacial maximum, forest species were widely distributed in the Great Plains south of the Laurentian ice sheet, and at low elevations in the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountain regions. Piñon–juniper woodland species were widespread in the Great Plains. Forest species that do not occur in piñon–juniper woodland were distributed around the Great Basin but were prevented from reaching suitable habitat in mountain ranges within the Basin by unsuitable habitat in the intervening lowlands. The ranges of aridland species were greatly reduced during Wisconsinan time, particularly in the Great Plains. Aridland corridors through the Rocky Mountains were eliminated during the Wisconsinan glacial maximum.The possibility of speciation during Wisconsinan time is reviewed. Although the distribution of many sister-species are what would be expected from speciation during the Wisconsinan, the distributions may reflect allopatric distributions during Wisconsinan time and not speciation.
A REVISION OF NEOSILBA McALPINE WITH A KEY TO THE WORLD GENERA OF LONCHAEIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: McAlpine J. F. , Steyskal G. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe identities of the 12 previously described species of Neosilba McAlpine, seven of which are represented among the syntypes of pendula (Bezzi), are established: batesi (Curran), certa (Walker), dimidiata (Curran), fuscipennis (Curran), glaberrima (Wiedemann), longicerata (Hennig), major (Malloch) [(= magna (Hennig), new synonymy], parva (Hennig), pendula (Bezzi), perezi (Romero S. and Ruppel), and pseudopendula (Korytkowski and Ojeda). Three new species, also represented among the syntypes of pendula, are described: oaxacana and peltae from Mexico, and zadolicha from Colombia and Brazil. Lectotypes are designated for magna, parva, pendula, and perezi. “Carpolonchaea” devions Hennig is placed in Silba Macquart, and “Carpolonchaea” intermedia Hennig is transferred to Lonchaea Fallen (new combination). New keys to the world genera of Lonchaeidae and to all described species of Neosilba are provided. Fifty-four illustrations, mostly of male and female terminalia, are given.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR REARING AXENIC MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLES, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Whitney H. S. , Spanier O. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractImprovements in the rearing methods for axenic mountain pine beetles were made by standardizing the nutritional and physical composition of a yeast-fortified ground phloem diet. By eliminating handling and possible malnutrition of neonate larvae, and by use of individual rearing units to reduce hazards associated with microbial contamination, one person produced batches of 400–500 axenic beetles. Beetles produced by this method were morphologically and anatomically equivalent to and more fecund than field beetles, were significantly smaller than their parental stocks, and perhaps required more degree hours above 40 °C in developing from egg to adult.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ADULTS OFOOENCYRTUS KUVANAE(HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE), AN EGG PARASITE OFLYMANTRIA DISPAR(LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)
Authors: Brown M. W. , Cameron E. Alan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe spatial distribution of adultOoencyrtus kuvanae(Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was examined in central Pennsylvania during 1978–1980. Data were gathered over a wide range of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar(L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)) densities and from all phases of population growth. There was a linear relationship between the log variance and log mean, fitting Taylor's Power Law with a power of 1.27. The degree of aggregation inO. kuvanaepopulations, as measured by the variance-to-mean ratio, was correlated positively with the abundance of the parasite, and was independent of host density. Aggregation was believed to result from the habit of the female parasite ovipositing repeatedly on the same egg mass, and the resultant progeny emerging synchronously. Behavior and density ofO. kuvanaepopulations were found to depend upon the gypsy moth population condition, i.e., low, rising, high stable, outbreak, or collapsed. The frequency distribution ofO. kuvanaepopulations fit the Poisson at densities less than 0.2 parasite adult per egg mass, a condition which occurred early and late (July, November) in the season, and the negative binomial above this density; a few distributions fit the log normal. The data were also analyzed using analyses of variance (multivariate and univariate), correlation, and regression techniques. All main effects, i.e., study area, host egg mass volume, egg mass height from the ground (within the 0–2 m sampling universe), aspect of the egg mass on the tree, and tree species, were important in explaining the variance in parasite abundance; study area differences were the most important. The effects of aspect and tree species were explained on the basis of small sample sizes, and not studied further. There was a positive correlation between host egg mass volume (= size) and parasite abundance. There was also a positive correlation between the height of the egg mass and parasite abundance during the summer; however, this relationship became negative by late fall. This seasonal change in vertical distribution was attributed to the tendency ofO. kuvanaeto be closer to the ground where they overwinter. Variation in adult abundance was generally greater among gypsy moth egg masses on different trees than among egg masses on the same tree, except at low parasite densities. This was attributed to the parasites searching for egg masses on one tree before dispersing to another.
THE INFLUENCE OF CARPENTER ANT (CAMPONOTUS MODOC) (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) ATTENDANCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF APHIDS (CINARA SPP.) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) IN A GIANT SEQUOIA FOREST
Authors: Tilles David A. , Wood David L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCamponotus modoc was associated with numerous species of Homoptera in Giant Forest, Sequoia — Kings Canyon National Park, California. Ant-exclusion experiments and field observations indicated that survival of the abundant Cinara occidentalis Davidson on white fir depends on attendance by C. modoc. More of the predators, Neomysia oblonguttata (Mulsant), Deraeocoris brevis Uhler, Passaloecus cuspidatus F. Smith, Pityophyphantes sp., were found on ant-unattended than on attended aphid colonies. As aphid populations decreased, ant attendance per aphid and number of predators/aphid increased. Attended aphid colonies were more likely to survive to produce oviparae and a lower proportion of alates.
A NEW SPECIES OF PRAON (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE), PARASITIC ON THE DUSKY-VEINED WALNUT APHID, CALLAPHIS JUGLANDIS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Mackauer M. , Sullivan D. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe aphid parasite Praon callaphis, new species, from Afghanistan is described and illustrated. The species was introduced into California for the biological control of Callaphis juglandis (Goeze) on Juglans regia L.
CITRONELLOL ATTRACTS MALE PRENOLEPIS IMPARIS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Leslie C. A. , Overhulser D. L. 
Published: December 2009

During studies of the attractiveness of essential oils to insects associated with Douglas-fir cones, traps baited with citronellol attracted male Prenolepis imparis (Say), the small honey ant. Citronellol was previously reported as present in the mandibular glands of worker and male ants (Law et al. 1965; Blum et al. 1968).The small honey ant is a ground nesting species frequently encountered in woodlands and noted for tending plant-sucking insects. Behavior of colonies has not been intensively studied, but it is known that alate ants leave the colony in March and April for a nuptial flight (Smith 1965).
PHARATE PHASES INTIPULA PALUDOSA(DIPTERA: TIPULIDAE)
Authors: Stewart Mary , Pritchard Gordon 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTipula paludosaspends increasing periods of time in a pharate condition with each succeeding molt. The pupa is entirely pharate since larval–pupal ecdysis coincides with pupal–adult apolysis, and the larger part of the adult instar is also spent in a pharate condition. The fact that the instar usually referred to as the pupa is actually a pharate adult should be clearly understood by physiologists, ethologists, and ecologists.
AGGREGATIONS AND WINTER SURVIVAL IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA OFHIPPODAMIA QUINQUESIGNATA(COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE), A PREDATOR OF THE PEA APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Harper A. M. , Lilly C. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAggregations of the ladybird beetleHippodamia quinquesignataKirby were found at several sites on the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains in southern Alberta at altitudes of 1250–2439 m, and also in the Porcupine Hills (1780 m), just east of the Rockies. The beetles apparently migrate from the prairie region where they feed on pea and grain aphids to the aggregation sites in fall, and return to the prairie in spring.H. quinquesignatacan survive southern Alberta winters, but some protection is needed as high mortality sometimes occurs in localized areas of the aggregation sites. Supercooling data indicate that the greatest protection against cold occurs during mid-winter but a considerable amount of cold hardening occurs during the fall. The most critical period for survival appears to be April and May when the beetles have lost much of their cold resistance, and a late spring cold period could cause high mortality.
A REVISION OF THE GYMNUSINI AND DEINOPSINI OF THE WORLD (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE). SUPPLEMENTUM 2
Authors: Klimaszewski Jan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new species of Deinopsini are described and illustrated: Deinopsis apicicornis (southern USA), Adinopsis cuspidata (Florida, Maryland) and Adinopsis pubescens (Brazil, Colombia, Panama, Mexico). The previously unknown female of Gymnusa campbelli Klim., G. konopackii Klim., and Adinopsis braziliensis Klim., and the male of Metadeinopsis longicornis (Sharp), are described. New distribution and habitat date for some other species of the tribes are added.
BIOCONTROL OF THE WEED CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE): RELEASES AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE GALL FLY UROPHORA CARDUI (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN CANADA
Authors: Peschken D. P. , Finnamore D. B. , Watson A. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe gall fly Urophora cardui (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), native to Europe, was released at 24 locations across Canada beginning in 1974. It became established in Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick but died out in all but one location in western Canada. Evidence for winter mortality in the west does not explain the failure of these colonies. Although galls, in particular those on the main shoot, reduce the height of Canada thistle, so far the impact on the host weed, Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) (L.) Scop., is slight.
THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF THE TWOLINED CHESTNUT BORER, AGRILUS BILINEATUS (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE), ON OAKS, QUERCUS SPP., IN WISCONSIN
Authors: Haack Robert A. , Benjamin Daniel M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAgrilus bilineatus (Weber) is univoltine in Wisconsin. Adults were present from early June through mid-September; however, peak flight and oviposition occurred during the second half of June. Adults consumed significantly more oak foliage than foliage of hardwoods other than oak. Stressed oaks attracted significantly more adults than did uninjured controls, as measured by density of captured adults on sticky traps. Four larval instars were determined; instar IV was the overwintering stage. Fourth instar larvae generally overwintered in pupal cells in the outer bark or in sapwood if the bark was thin. Larvae, especially third and fourth instars, damaged oaks by girdling the conducting xylem and phloem. Attacked oaks had low root starch content relative to those unattacked. Tree death normally resulted after 2 or 3 years of borer infestation, yet tree death may occur in a single season. Initial attack usually began in the live crown and proceeded downward in succeeding years with no apparent reinfestation of previously killed areas. Mean adult longevity in days for adults fed red oak foliage was 28.1 at 20°, 37.8 at 24°, and 8.3 at 30 °C. Mean duration of the pupal stage in days was 11.7 at 24 °and 8.5 at 30 °C.
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF LINDANE, CARBARYL, AND CHLORPYRIFOS TO THE WESTERN PINE BEETLE (DENDROCTONUS BREVICOMIS) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) AND TWO OF ITS PREDATORS,ENOCLERUS LECONTEI(COLEOPTERA: CLERIDAE) ANDTEMNOCHILA CHLORODIA(COLEOPTERA: TROGOSITIDAE)
Authors: Swezey Sean L. , Page Marion L. , Dahlsten Donald L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEach of three insecticides—lindane, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos—was tested by topical application on the western pine beetle,Dendroctonus brevicomisLeConte, and two native coleopterous predators,Enoclerus lecontei(Wolc.) andTemnochila chlorodia(Mann.), to assess comparative toxicity. Lindane was more toxic to the predators than to western pine beetle, while carbaryl was relatively non-toxic toE. leconteiwhen compared with eitherT. chlorodiaor western pine beetle. Chlorpyrifos was equally toxic to all three species. Results of topical application serve to estimate relative effects of insecticides on predacious associates in the western pine beetle community.
THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE). EFFECTS OF DIETARY LINOLENIC ACID ON PUPAL SYNDROME, WING SYNDROME, SURVIVAL, AND PUPAL FAT COMPOSITION
Authors: Bracken G. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLinolenic acid, added to a defatted diet in which wheast and alfalfa meal were the only protein sources, optimally reduced wing syndrome (defined as crumpled wings) in Mamestra brassica Walker at 1.1 mg/g (w/w dry wt.) of diet, increased survival to pupa at 2.2 mg/g, and reduced pupal syndrome (defined as improper formation of the 4th abdominal sternite) and increased survival to adult at 5.8 mg/g. Pupal weight increased and incidence of diapause decreased as dietary linolenic acid increased. Linoleic acid substituted for linolenic acid only in survival to the pupal stage. Pupae from larvae fed artificial diets had more fat (20.6–25.5% dry wt.) than pupae from larvae fed rape leaves (16.5%). Absolute levels of linolenic acid increased in pupae in proportion to dietary levels including pupae from larvae reared on rape leaves but the relative amount of linolenic acid sequestered in pupae from leaf-fed larvae was greater.Pupal syndrome is a sensitive indicator of dietary adequacy and its occurrence is affected by dietary linolenic acid and possibly other fat soluble components.
THE CARABID BEETLES OF INSULAR NEWFOUNDLAND (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE: CICINDELLIDAE) — 30 YEARS AFTER LINDROTH
Authors: Larson David J. , Langor David W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe present carabid beetle fauna (sensuLindroth 1955, including Carabidae and Cicindellidae) of Newfoundland is compared with that observed by C. H. Lindroth 30 years ago. Five additional species are now known bringing the faunal total to 171 species. Two of these additional species,Chlaenius alternatesandLebia moestaare Nearctic whileCarabus granulatus,Leistus ferrugineus, andBembidion properansare of Palaearctic origin. The known ranges of an additional seven introduced species have increased. The patterns of these range changes support two models of Palaearctic species establishment in Newfoundland: by direct human-assisted introduction onto the island; and through flight across the Cabot Strait by winged species initially established on the North American mainland.
PATHOGENICITY OF VAIRIMORPHA NECATRIX (MICROSPORIDIA: NOSEMATIDAE) AGAINST OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Lewis Leslie C. , Gunnarson Robert D. , Cossentine Joan E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractVairimorpha necatrix (Kramer) readily infects and kills the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in the laboratory. The corn borer is either killed in the larval stage within a few days after infection by disruption of the midgut and septicemia or in the pupal stage by microsporidiosis. Insects that are not killed by V. necatrix have a reduced potential for pupation, emergence, and reproduction.
A REVISION OF THE NEARCTICLEPTOCERA(THORACOCHAETADUDA) (DIPTERA: SPHAEROCERIDAE)
Authors: Marshall S. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLeptocera(ThoracochaetaDuda), a subgenus of sphaerocerid flies associated with marine supralittoral habitats, is revised for the Nearctic Region. Keys are provided for separation of the nine Nearctic species.L. (T.)teskeyi,L. (T.)flaminuta,L. (T.)calminuta, andL. (T.)bajaminutaare described as new andL. (T.)zosteraeis recorded from the Nearctic for the first time. The larvae of three species (zosterae,seticosta, andbrachystoma) are described.
MITOSYNUM VOCKEROTHI, A NEW GENUS AND NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA (STAPHYLINIDAE: OXYTELINAE) FROM EASTERN CANADA
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMitosynum vockerothi, a new genus and new species of Staphylinidae, is described from Kouchibouguac National Park, New Brunswick. The genus is compared with the genus Syntomium Curtis (Oxytelinae: Coprophilini). The phylogenetic position of the genus is considered based on Herman's (1970) study of the phylogeny of the genera of the Oxytelinae.
INFLUENCE OF HOST AGE ON HOST ACCEPTABILITY AND SUITABILITY FOR A SPECIES OF TRICHOGRAMMA (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) ATTACKING AQUATIC DIPTERA
Authors: Juliano Steven A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEggs of Sepedon fuscipennis (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) < 1, 1–2, 2–3, and 3–4 days old were offered to inexperienced female Trichogramma sp. near californicum in a laboratory experiment. Exposure period (2 h) and number of host eggs offered at one time (10) were held constant. Percentage of hosts parasitized, total number of parasitoid progeny found in a group of hosts, percentage of parasitized hosts yielding adult parasitoids, and survivorship of parasitoid progeny to adulthood all decreased significantly with increased host age. Younger hosts yielded more than one adult parasitoid more often than did older hosts. Over 50% of the adult parasitoids emerging from hosts < 1, or 1–2 days old were female. Hosts 2–3 days old produced only males. The data show a somewhat different relationship of host age to host acceptance and suitability than do some published data on lepidopteran hosts of Trichogramma.
A REVISION OF HALIDAYINA DUDA (DIPTERA: SPHAEROCERIDAE)
Authors: Marshall S. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe formerly monotypic genus Halidayina Duda, based on the Holarctic species H. spinipennis (Haliday) is revised. Two new species are described, H. exserta from Arizona and California, and H. asymmetrica from Mexico.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN SEX ATTRACTANT TRAP CATCHES OF EUXOA MESSORIA AND E. OCHROGASTER(LEPIDOPTER: NOCTUIDAE) IN RELATION TO THEIR BIOLOGY IN MANITOBA
Authors: Ayre G. L. , Turnock W. J. , Struble D. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTests of intertrap variability in catches of moths of the darksided and redbacked cutworms, Euxoa messoria (Harris) and E. ochrogaster (Guenée), were conducted by placing two traps for each species baited with synthetic sex attractants at 1.6 km (1 mi) intervals to form a grid covering 64 km2 (25 mi2) near Domain, Manitoba. These sex attractants were 93 and 99.6% species specific for E. messoria and E. ochrogaster respectively. Moth catches varied between traps and flights, but the ranking of the traps by catch for each species was consistent during any given flight period. Variability in intertrap catches of E. messoria indicated the moths were not evenly distributed throughout the test area and consequently a sex-attractant trap system with 1.6 km trap spacing is not suitable for monitoring population levels. For E. ochrogaster four traps within an area of 64 km2 would be required to give a population estimate within 20% of the true mean. The flights of E. messoria are not related to degree days and started abruptly and at the same time each year suggesting that development may be synchronized by the summer diapause of the prepupae. The flights of E. ochrogaster were related to degree day accumulations above a threshold temperature of 12.5 °C. Crops had no apparent influence on the distribution of moth catches for either species.
ACTIVITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF CARABIDAE, ARACHNIDA, AND STAPHYLINIDAE IN NEW BRUNSWICK POTATO FIELDS
Authors: Boiteau Gilles 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA 3-year faunal survey of insecticide-free potato fields revealed that Carabidae were the most abundant ground arthropods followed by Arachnida and Staphylinidae. Generic and species composition of Carabidae did not vary substantially from year to year but abundance did. The arthropods were distributed along a gradient decreasing with distance from the edge of the field closest to the woodland. Results of yellow pan trappings indicated that all types of Carabidae present in the pitfalls could fly but that flight activity was variable among genera. More than 50% of Staphylinidae and 85% of the Carabidae were trapped in the yellow pans at the time of field colonization in June. The significance of these findings in relation to the potential of the arthropods for natural biological control of potato pests is discussed.
BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS OF SECONDARY COMPONENTS OF THE SEX PHEROMONE OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Alford A. R. , Silk P. J. , McClure M. , Gibson C. , Fitzpatrick J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory wind tunnel and field observations have demonstrated an important behavioural role of tetradecanal (14:Ald) in the chemical communication system of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). A greater number of males initiated upwind flight and continued on to contact the source when 14:Ald was present than with 95/5 E/Z11-tetradecenal (E/Z11-14:Ald) alone. The presence of E11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (E11-14:Ac) decreased the males' responsiveness to the aldehydes. Its effect appeared to be attenuated, when present at low levels with 95/5 E/Z11-14:Ald, by the presence of 14:Ald, but it is still unclear what effects low levels of E11-14:Ac have on male behaviour.