bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cell disruption effects on primary recovery of antibody fragments using microscale bioprocessing techniques
Authors: Rayat Andrea C. M. E. , Micheletti Martina , Lye Gary J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntracellular antibody Fab' fragments periplasmically expressed in Escherichia coli require the release of Fab' from the cells before initial product recovery. This work demonstrates the utility of microscale bioprocessing techniques to evaluate the influence of different cell disruption operations on subsequent solid–liquid separation and product recovery. Initially, the industrial method of Fab' release by thermochemical extraction was established experimentally at the microwell scale and was observed to yield Fab' release consistent with the larger scale process. The influence of two further cell disruption operations, homogenization and sonication, on subsequent Fab' recovery by microfiltration was also examined. The results showed that the heat‐extracted cells give better dead‐end microfiltration performance in terms of permeate flux and specific cake resistance. In contrast, the cell suspensions prepared by homogenization and sonication showed more efficient product release but with lower product purity and poorer microfiltration performance. Having established the various microscale methods the linked sequence was automated on the deck of a laboratory robotic platform and used to show how different conditions during thermochemical extraction impacted on the optimal performance of the linked unit operations. The results illustrate the power of microscale techniques to evaluate crucial unit operation interactions in a bioprocess sequence using only microliter volumes of feed. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Designing and Testing a Chemical Demulsifier Dosage Controller in a Crude Oil Desalting Plant: An Artificial Intelligence‐Based Network Approach
Authors: Alshehri A. K. , Ricardez‐Sandoval L. A. , Elkamel A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present an artificial neural network (ANN) controller trained on a historical data set that covers a wide operating range of the fundamental parameters that affect the demulsifier dosage in a crude oil desalting process. The designed controller was tested and implemented on‐line in a gas‐oil separation plant. The results indicate that the current control strategy overinjects chemical demulsifier into the desalting process whereas the proposed ANN controller predicts a lower demulsifier dosage while keeping the salt content within its specification targets. Since an on‐line salt analyzer is not available in the desalting plant, an ANN based on historical measurements of the salt content in the desalting process was also developed. The results show that the predictions made by this ANN controller can be used as an on‐line strategy to predict and control the salt concentration in the treated oil.
Helix Induction by Dirhodium: Access to Biocompatible Metallopeptides with Defined Secondary Structure
Authors: Zaykov Alexander N. , Popp Brian V. , Ball Zachary T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe use of carboxylate side chains to induce peptide helicity upon binding to dirhodium centers is examined through experimental and computational approaches. Dirhodium binding efficiently stabilizes α helicity or induces α helicity in otherwise unstructured peptides for peptides that contain carboxylate side chains with i, i+4 spacing. Helix induction is furthermore possible for sequences with i, i+3 carboxylate spacing, though in this case the length of the side chains is crucial: ligating to longer glutamate side chains is strongly helix inducing, whereas ligating the shorter aspartate side chains destabilizes the helical structure. Further studies demonstrate that a dirhodium metallopeptide complex persists for hours in cellular media and exhibits low toxicity toward mammalian cells, enabling exploitation of these metallopeptides for biological applications.
An improved method for determining enantiomeric excess by 13C‐NMR in chiral liquid crystal media
Authors: Marathias Vasilios M. , Tate Peter A. , Papaioannou Nikolaos , Massefski Walter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBy using a combination of inverse gated 1H decoupled 13C‐NMR experiments1 with short acquisition times and NMR Cryo‐probe technology, the sample requirements and experimental times necessary to accurately measure enantiomeric excess of small chiral molecules has been reduced 16‐fold. Quality 13C‐NMR spectra can now be obtained from a 1 to 5 mg sample in 12 minutes. The enantiomeric excess determination achieved from the average integration of all the 13C‐resonances in the spectrum is comparable to enantiomeric excess measured by chiral SFC. The advantage of the NMR method is that enantiomeric excess can rapidly be measured in situ on practical amounts of enantioselective reaction products without the need for chromatographic separation or chemical modification and with substantially less solvent waste. Chirality, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer Quality‐ASSIST supportive oncology quality indicator set
Authors: Dy Sydney M. , Lorenz Karl A. , O'Neill Sean M. , Asch Steven M. , Walling Anne M. , Tisnado Diana , Antonio Anna Liza , Malin Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although measuring the quality of symptom management and end‐of‐life care could help provide a basis for improving supportive care for advanced cancer, few quality indicators in this area have been rigorously developed or evaluated.METHODS:The authors conducted a pilot evaluation of a comprehensive set of 92 supportive oncology quality indicators, Cancer Quality‐ASSIST, including outpatient and hospital indicators for symptoms commonly related to cancer and its treatment and information and care planning. They operationalized the indicators and developed an electronic abstraction tool and extensive guidelines and training materials. Quality assurance nurses abstracted the medical records for 356 advanced cancer patients in 2 settings: a Veterans Administration hospital and an academic hospital and cancer center. The authors evaluated the indicators' feasibility, inter‐rater reliability, and validity.RESULTS:The authors successfully evaluated 78 indicators across the domains; results were similar in the 2 settings. They could not feasibly evaluate 3 indicators because of low prevalence; 22 indicators had significant inter‐rater reliability issues, 9 had significant validity issues, and 3 had both reliability and validity issues, leaving a set of 41 indicators most promising for further testing and use in this population, with an overall kappa score of 0.85 for specified care.CONCLUSIONS:Of 92 Cancer Quality‐ASSIST quality indicators for symptoms, treatment toxicity, and information and care planning, 41 were sufficiently feasible, reliable, and valid to be used for patients with advanced cancer in these settings. This set of indicators shows promise for describing key supportive care processes in advanced cancer. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
The application of cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization to fine‐needle aspiration in the diagnosis and subclassification of renal neoplasms
Authors: Roh Michael H. , Dal Cin Paola , Silverman Stuart G. , Cibas Edmund S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Percutaneous fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is an important diagnostic test for the evaluation and management of selected renal masses. Cytogenetic analysis of cytology specimens can serve as an adjunct for precise classification because certain tumors are associated with specific chromosomal aberrations. This study summarizes our experience with the application of conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to renal FNA specimens.METHODS:All percutaneous renal FNAs performed during 2005 through 2008 were identified from the electronic pathology database. Results of cytogenetic and FISH analyses were correlated with the final diagnoses of the renal FNAs.RESULTS:A total of 303 renal FNAs were performed. During an onsite assessment, a portion of the cytology specimen was allocated for cytogenetic analysis in 74 cases. Karyotypic analysis or FISH was successful in 44 (59%) of these. Characteristic chromosomal abnormalities were observed in 27 cases. In 17 cases, a karyotype revealed a combination of trisomies/tetrasomies and in another 5 cases, FISH revealed trisomy 7 and 17, both of which are consistent with papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Two cases showed 3p deletions consistent with clear cell RCC. Trisomy 3 was observed in 1 case of clear cell RCC. Monosomy 1 and 17 was observed in a case of papillary RCC comprised oncocytic cells. In 1 case of primary renal synovial sarcoma, FISH revealed a rearrangement at the SYT locus (18q11.2).CONCLUSIONS:Renal FNA specimens are amenable to analysis by cytogenetics and FISH in the diagnosis and subclassification of renal neoplasms. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Diagnostic issues with cytopathologic interpretation of lung neoplasms displaying high‐grade basaloid or neuroendocrine morphology
Authors: Maleki Zahra 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBasaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSQCC) and high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNEC) including small cell carcinoma (SMCC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) can be difficult to differentiate on lung cytology. This problem is particularly true in scant specimens where immunoperoxidase stains cannot be adequately performed. Sixty‐six cases of BSQCC, LCNEC, and SMCC (22 cases of each) on lung or mediastinal cytology were retrospectively reviewed from the cytopathology archives of two hospitals. Common cytomorphologic characteristics were; hypercellularity, small to intermediate round blue (hyperchromatic) cells, lack of prominent nucleoli, lack of three dimensional architecture, karyorrhexis/necrosis, mitoses, naked nuclei, nuclear crush artifact, and nuclear molding. Distinctive features included: larger cell size with pleomorphism, more cohesive architecture, syncytial aggregation, slightly coarser chromatin texture, rare keratinized malignant cells, and a granular smear background seen more often in BSQCC as opposed to HGNEC. Larger cells with prominent nucleoli and more cytoplasm with focal rosette formation were helpful in distinguishing LCNEC from SMCC and BSQCC. Finally, SMCC displayed uniform small cells with extensive necrosis, and higher mitotic rate. Immunoperoxidase (IPOX) staining using p63, CK5, 6, neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin, synaptophysin and CD56) and TTF‐1 were helpful. BSQCC showed p63 expression and was mostly negative for neuroendocrine markers and TTF‐1. HGNEC showed immunoreactivity for neuroendocrine markers with variable immunoreactivity for TTF‐1. BSQCC, SMCC, and LCNEC share overlapping cytomorphologic features and can be difficult to differentiate on limited cytology specimens. Careful consideration to subtle but definite cytomorphologic clues and attention to selective IPOX stains can lead to a definitive diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol.2011;39:159–167. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of the fatty acid‐binding protein 2 gene Ala54Thr polymorphism with insulin resistance and blood glucose: a meta‐analysis in 13451 subjects
Authors: Zhao Tongfeng , Zhao Jiangpei , Yang Wanxi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe results from the published studies on the association of fatty acid‐binding protein 2 (FABP2) Ala54Thr polymorphism with insulin resistance and blood glucose are conflicting. In this meta‐analysis, we investigated the association of the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism with insulin resistance and blood glucose.MethodsWe collected data on fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin, 2‐h blood glucose (2‐h BG) and 2‐h insulin (2‐h insulin), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index. A dominant model was used for this meta‐analysis.ResultsThirty‐one studies with 13 451 subjects were included in this meta‐analysis. The carriers of Thr54 allele have significantly higher homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index and marginally higher fasting insulin than the non‐carriers: standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI, 0.02, 0.12), p = 0.007, pheterogeneity = 0.19 and SMD = 0.08, 95% CI (−0.01, 0.17), p = 0.07, pheterogeneity < 0.00001, respectively. A borderline significant association between the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism and an increased 2‐h BG was also detected under the dominant model: SMD = 0.10, 95% CI (0.00, 0.20), p = 0.05, pheterogeneity = 0.09. In addition, a borderline association between this polymorphism and an increased fasting blood glucose in populations of other ethnic origins was detected under the dominant model: SMD = 0.11, 95% CI (−0.00, 0.23), p = 0.06, pheterogeneity = 0.03.ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis suggests that the Thr54 allele of the FABP2 Ala54Thr is weakly associated with a higher degree of insulin resistance, higher level of fasting insulin and higher level of 2‐h BG. Our meta‐analysis also suggests a weak association between this polymorphism and an increased fasting blood glucose in populations of other ethnic origins under the dominant model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence rates and predictors of diabetes in those with prediabetes: the Strong Heart Study
Authors: Wang Hong , Shara Nawar M. , Calhoun Darren , Umans Jason G. , Lee Elisa T. , Howard Barbara V. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe association between prediabetes as currently defined and incident diabetes in populations with widespread obesity, insulin resistance syndrome, and diabetes is not well defined. In this article, diabetes risk factors and incidence rates in American Indians (AI) with prediabetes are examined.MethodsA total of 1677 AI who were nondiabetic at baseline was examined during a median 7.8‐year follow‐up as part of the Strong Heart Study (SHS). Risk factors for incident diabetes were measured. Prediabetes was defined according to American Diabetes Association 2003 criteria as having impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (2‐h plasma glucose [2‐h PG] ≥ 140 mg/dL but < 200 mg/dL) and/or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] ≥ 100 mg/dL but < 126 mg/dL).ResultsPrediabetes was identified by FPG alone in 87.5%. Diabetes incidence in those with baseline prediabetes was 66.1/1000 person‐years, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.35 (95% conference interval: 1.84–3.01), compared with participants with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at baseline. Elevated A1c, 2‐h PG, and fasting insulin (FI); albuminuria; and obesity were significantly associated with conversion from prediabetes to diabetes. Younger age, elevated FI (or body mass index [BMI] in models without FI), and less physical activity were significantly associated with conversion from NGT.ConclusionsPrediabetes is an independent predictor of conversion to type 2 diabetes in AI, and most can be identified through a fasting glucose measure. Measures of obesity, A1c, FPG, 2‐h PG, FI, albuminuria, and insulin resistance (IR) help predict this conversion. Obesity is a modifiable risk factor. Strategies to reduce obesity should be emphasized in individuals with prediabetes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intestinal inflammation abrogates the tolerogenic properties of MLN CD103+ dendritic cells
Authors: Laffont Sophie , Siddiqui Karima R. R. , Powrie Fiona 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntestinal CD103+ DC promote the differentiation of Foxp3+ Treg from naïve CD4+ T cells through mechanisms involving TGF‐β and the dietary metabolite, retinoic acid (RA). In this study, we have analysed whether the specialised features of CD103+ DC are conserved in colitis. Our results show that inflammation dampens the tolerogenic properties of MLN CD103+ DC, which is associated with lower expression of tgfβ2 and aldh1a2. Accordingly, CD103+ DC taken from colitic mice are impaired in their ability to induce Foxp3+ Treg and instead favour the emergence of IFN‐γ‐producing CD4+ T cells compared with their steady‐state counterparts. BrdU‐labelling studies and analysis of ontogeny markers show that CD103+ DC from steady‐state and colitic settings retain similar subset composition and developmental pathways. These results indicate that MLN CD103+ DC are not hard‐wired to promote tolerance but can adapt to environmental conditions. The inflammatory properties of MLN CD103+ DC in colitic mice may reflect defective gut tolerogenic conditioning or altered migratory pathways and raise the possibility that migratory DC populations contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
Total Synthesis of Silyl‐Protected Early Intermediates of Polyketide Biosynthesis
Authors: Krohn Karsten , Vidal Anne , Tran‐Thien Hoan Trang , Flörke Ulrich , Bechthold Andreas , Dujardin Gilles , Green Ivan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe ketal‐ or dithioketal‐protected isocoumarins15–18gave the corresponding 1‐naphthols21–26in their reactions with the acetoacetate (10) or pentane‐2,4‐dione (19) dianions and the acetone monoanion. Subjection of the dithioketal‐protected ester28to Baker–Venkataraman reaction conditions led to the 8‐deoxy tautomeric, protected forms29/30of the early decaketide antibiotic intermediate2b. However, the dithioketal protecting groups could not be removed without destruction of the molecule. Consequently the silyl‐protected unstable early tri‐ and tetracyclic decaketide biosynthesis intermediates37a,37b, and38a(precursors of angucycline and anthracycline antitumor antibiotics) were prepared through silylation of33aand33b, to afford34aand34b, and subsequent treatment with acetylacetone dianion. The ultimate synthetic goal, the silyl‐protected 2,3‐dialkylated naphthol derivative41, was achieved by selective elongation of the bottom chain of the bis‐silyl‐protected methyl ester36with acetylacetone dianion.
Assessment of multiple types of DNA damage in human placentas from smoking and nonsmoking women in the Czech Republic
Authors: Pratt M. Margaret , King Leon C. , Adams Linda D. , John Kaarthik , Sirajuddin Paul , Olivero Ofelia A. , Manchester David K. , Sram Radim J. , DeMarini David M. , Poirier Miriam C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThree classes of DNA damage were assessed in human placentas collected (2000–2004) from 51 women living in the Teplice region of the Czech Republic, a mining area considered to have some of the worst environmental pollution in Europe in the 1980s. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)‐DNA adducts were localized and semiquantified using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the Automated Cellular Imaging System (ACIS). More generalized DNA damage was measured both by 32P‐postlabeling and by abasic (AB) site analysis. Placenta stained with antiserum elicited against DNA modified with 7β,8α‐dihydroxy‐9α,10α‐epoxy‐7,8,9,10‐tetrahydro‐benzo[a]pyrene (BPDE) revealed PAH‐DNA adduct localization in nuclei of the cytotrophoblast (CT) cells and syncytiotrophoblast (ST) knots lining the chorionic villi. The highest levels of DNA damage, 49‐312 PAH‐DNA adducts/108 nucleotides, were found by IHC/ACIS in 14 immediately fixed placenta samples. An additional 37 placenta samples were stored frozen before fixation and embedding, and because PAH‐DNA adducts were largely undetectable in these samples, freezing was implicated in the loss of IHC signal. The same placentas (n = 37) contained 1.7–8.6 stable/bulky DNA adducts/108 nucleotides and 0.6–47.2 AB sites/105 nucleotides. For all methods, there was no correlation among types of DNA damage and no difference in extent of DNA damage between smokers and nonsmokers. Therefore, the data show that DNA from placentas obtained in Teplice contained multiple types of DNA damage, which likely arose from various environmental exposures. In addition, PAH‐DNA adducts were present at high concentrations in the CT cells and ST knots of the chorionic villi. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 52:58–68, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the haloacetic acids, a major class of drinking water disinfection by‐products
Authors: Plewa Michael J. , Simmons Jane Ellen , Richardson Susan D. , Wagner Elizabeth D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe haloacetic acids (HAAs) are disinfection by‐products (DBPs) that are formed during the disinfection of drinking water, wastewaters and recreational pool waters. Currently, five HAAs [bromoacetic acid (BAA), dibromoacetic acid (DBAA), chloroacetic acid (CAA), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA); designated as HAA5] are regulated by the U.S. EPA, at a maximum contaminant level of 60 μg/L for the sum of BAA, DBAA, CAA, DCAA, and TCAA. We present a comparative systematic analysis of chronic cytotoxicity and acute genomic DNA damaging capacity of 12 individual HAAs in mammalian cells. In addition to the HAA5, we analyzed iodoacetic acid (IAA), diiodoacetic acid (DiAA), bromoiodoacetic acid (BIAA), tribromoacetic acid (TBAA), chlorodibromoacetic acid (CDBAA), bromodichloroacetic acid (BDCAA), and bromochloroacetic acid (BCAA). Their rank order of chronic cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells was IAA > BAA > TBAA > CDBAA > DIAA > DBAA > BDCAA > BCAA > CAA > BIAA > TCAA > DCAA. The rank order for genotoxicity was IAA > BAA > CAA > DBAA > DIAA > TBAA > BCAA > BIAA > CDBAA. DCAA, TCAA, and BDCAA were not genotoxic. The trend for both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity is iodinated HAAs > brominated HAAs > chlorinated HAAs. The use of alternative disinfectants other than chlorine generates new DBPs and alters their distribution. Systematic, comparative, in vitro toxicological data provides the water supply community with information to consider when employing alternatives to chlorine disinfection. In addition, these data aid in prioritizing DBPs and their related compounds for future in vivo toxicological studies and risk assessment. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Young people's perceptions of and reasons for accessing a web‐based cognitive behavioural intervention for bulimia nervosa
Authors: Pretorius Natalie , Rowlands Laura , Ringwood Susan , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to explore young people's experience of accessing and utilising a web‐based cognitive behavioural intervention for bulimic disorders.MethodYoung people (N = 11) with bulimia nervosa or atypical bulimia nervosa completed a qualitative interview. Interviews were analysed and themes were identified.ResultsYoung people liked the programme for its accessibility, flexibility, support and information. Some participants used the intervention as a stepping stone to further treatment.ConclusionWeb‐based interventions have the potential to provide accessible, effective treatment to young people with bulimia nervosa (BN). More research is needed to determine which components are effective and for whom. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.