bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comfortable witness is a good witness: rapport‐building and susceptibility to misinformation in an investigative mock‐crime interview
Authors: Vallano Jonathan P. , Compo Nadja Schreiber 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMajor investigative interviewing protocols such as the Cognitive Interview recommend that investigators build rapport with cooperative adult witnesses at the beginning of a police interview. Although research substantiates the benefits of rapport‐building on the accuracy of child witness reports, few studies have examined whether similar benefits apply to adult witnesses. The present study investigated whether verbal rapport‐building techniques increase adult witness report accuracy and decrease their susceptibility to post‐event misinformation. One‐hundred eleven college adults viewed a videotaped mock‐crime, received post‐event misinformation (or correct information) about the crime, and were subsequently interviewed by a research assistant who built rapport (or did not build rapport) before recalling the mock‐crime. Results indicated that rapport‐building increased the quality of witness recall by decreasing the percentage of inaccurate and misinformation reported, particularly in response to open‐ended questions. We discuss implications and recommendations for law enforcement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soft Nanolithography by Polymer Fibers
Authors: Tu Deyu , Pagliara Stefano , Camposeo Andrea , Potente Giovanni , Mele Elisa , Cingolani Roberto , Pisignano Dario 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe report on the use of polymer fibers for large‐area soft nanolithography on organic and inorganic surfaces with 50 nm resolution. The morphology of fibers and of the corresponding patterned gap is investigated, demonstrating a lateral dimension downscaling of up to nine times, which greatly increases the achieved resolution during pattern transfer. In this way, we realize poly­mer field effect transistors with channel length and width as low as 250 nm that are expected to show transistor transition frequency up to a few MHz, and are thus exploitable as low‐cost radio‐frequency identification devices.
Charge Transport and Recombination in Polyspirobifluorene Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Nicolai Herman T. , Hof André , Oosthoek Jasper L. M. , Blom Paul W. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe charge transport in blue light‐emitting polyspirobifluorene is investigated by both steady‐state current‐voltage measurements and transient electroluminescence. Both measurement techniques yield consistent results and show that the hole transport is space‐charge limited. The electron current is found to be governed by a high intrinsic mobility in combination with electron traps. Numerical simulations on light‐emitting diodes reveal a shift in the recombination zone from the cathode to the anode with increasing bias.
Packing of Emulsion Droplets: Structural and Functional Motifs for Multi‐Cored Microcapsules
Authors: Kim Shin‐Hyun , Hwang Hyerim , Lim Che Ho , Shim Jae Won , Yang Seung‐Man 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAdvances in microfluidic emulsification have enabled the creation of multiphase emulsion drops, which have emerged as promising templates for producing functional microcapsules. However, most previous micro‐encapsulation methods have limitations in terms of capsule stability, functionality, and simplicity of fabrication procedures. Here, we report a simple single‐step encapsulation technique that uses an optofluidic platform to efficiently and precisely encapsulate a specific number of emulsion droplets in photocurable shell droplets. In particular, we show, for the first time, that densely confined core droplets within an oily shell droplet rearrange into a unique configuration that minimizes the interfacial energy, as confirmed here from theory. These structures are then consolidated into multi‐cored microcapsules with structural and mechanical stability through in situ photopolymerization of the shell in a continuous mode, which are capable of isolating active materials and releasing them in a controlled manner using well‐defined nanohole arrays or nanoscopic silver architectures on thin membranes.
Incidence of airflow limitation among employees in Norwegian smelters
Authors: Søyseth Vidar , Johnsen Helle Laier , Bugge Merete Drevvatne , Hetland Siri Merete , Kongerud Johny 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe have investigated the association between the incidence of airflow limitation and occupational exposure.The employees (n = 3,924) were investigated annually during five years (n = 16,570) using spirometry. Exposure was classified using job category and a job exposure matrix. Airflow limitation was expressed using two indices: (i) as forced expiratory volume in one second/force vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) <0.7 and (ii) lower limit of normal (LLN).The incidence of airflow limitation was 21.2/1000 years−1 and 15.1/1000 years−1 using the fixed limit (0.7) and the LLN criterion, respectively. We found a dose–response relationship between the incidence of airflow limitation and tobacco consumption and with job‐category in non‐smokers. The associations between airflow limitation and covariates were independent of how airflow limitation was defined.The incidence of airflow limitation defined as FEVl/FVC <0.7 yielded higher incidence rates of airflow limitation than LLN. We found a significant association between the incidence of airflow limitation and occupational exposure in non‐smokers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:707–713, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, characterization, and application of amberlite XAD‐2‐ salicylic acid‐ iminodiacetic acid for lead removal from human plasma and environmental samples
Authors: Panahi Homayon Ahmad , Mottaghinejad Enayatollah , Badr Ali Rezaii , Moniri Elham 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new chelating resin is prepared by coup‐ling Amberlite XAD‐2 with salicylic acid (SAL) through an azo spacer. Then the polymer support was coupled with iminodiacetic acid (IDA). The resulting sorbent has been characterized by FT‐IR, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and studied for the preconcentration and determination of trace Pb (II) ion from human biological fluid and environmental water samples. The optimum pH value for sorption of the metal ion was 5. The sorption capacity of functionalized resin is 67 mg g−1. The chelating sorbent can be reused for 20 cycles of sorption–desorption without any significant change in sorption capacity. A recovery of 95% was obtained for the metal ion with 0.5M nitric acid as eluting agent. The profile of lead uptake on this sorbent reflects good accessibility of the chelating sites in the Amberlite XAD‐2‐SAL/IDA. Scatchard analysis revealed that the homogeneous binding sites were formed in the polymers. The equilibrium adsorption data of Pb (II) on modified resin were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Redlich‐Peterson models. Based on equili‐brium adsorption data the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin constants were determined 0.428, 20.99, and 7 × 10−12 at pH 5 and 20°C. The method was successfully applied for determination of lead ions in human plasma and sea water sample. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of carbon black loading on curing characteristics and mechanical properties of waste tyre dust/carbon black hybrid filler filled natural rubber compounds
Authors: Ismail H. , Omar N. F. , Othman N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCuring characteristics, tensile properties, fatigue life, swelling behavior, and morphology of waste tire dust (WTD)/carbon black (CB) hybrid filler filled natural rubber (NR) compounds were studied. The WTD/CB hybrid filler filled NR compounds were compounded at 30 phr hybrid filler loading with increasing partial replacement of CB at 0, 10, 15, 20, and 30 phr. The curing characteristics such as scorch time, t2 and cure time, t90 decreased and increased with increment of CB loading in hybrid filler (30 phr content), respectively. Whereas maximum torque (MHR) and minimum torque (ML) increased with increasing CB loading. The tensile properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile modulus of WTD/CB hybrid filler filled NR compounds showed steady increment as CB loading increased. The fatigue test showed that fatigue life increased with increment of CB loading. Rubber–filler interaction, Qf/Qg indicated that the NR compounds with the highest CB loading exhibited the highest rubber–filler interactions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of tensile and fatigue fractured surfaces and rubber–filler interaction study supported the observed result on tensile properties and fatigue life. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis, exchange reactions, and biological activity of poly(8‐methacryloxyquinoline)
Authors: Khalil A. A. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract8‐Methacryloxyquinoline (MAQ) was prepared through the reaction of 8‐hydroxyquinoline with either methacryloyl chloride or methacrylic acid in the presence of triethylamine or N,N‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, respectively. MAQ was polymerized in dimethylformamide with 2,2‐azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The reactions of the resulting polymers with hydroxyl and amino compounds were studied. The polymers were characterized with IR, 1H‐NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Some of the synthesized polymers were tested for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Generally, all the polymers were effective against the tested microorganisms, but their growth‐inhibition effects varied. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Grafting biodegradable polyesters onto cellulose
Authors: Samain Xavier , Langlois Valérie , Renard Estelle , Lorang Gérard 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTo increase the compatibility between cellulose fibers and polyester matrix an original method for grafting hydrophobic oligoesters onto cellulose was proposed. Two kinds of cellulose substrates were employed as cellulose films and microcrystalline cellulose powder. Different oligoesters containing reactive end groups based on poly(DL‐lactic acid) PDL‐LA, poly(ε‐caprolactone) PCL and poly(3‐hydroxyalkanoate)s PHA were first prepared and characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The carboxylic end groups of the polyesters were activated using thionyl chloride (SOCl2) to increase the esterification reaction with the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose. The esterification was realized in a heterogenous medium without any catalyst by deposition of chloride oligoesters in solution (2–100 g L−1) onto cellulose film at different temperatures (25–105°C) during 1–12 h. The successful grafting on the various substrates was confirmed on the basis of FTIR spectroscopy, contact angle measurement, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In particular, it is shown that a small quantity of grafted oligoesters led to a significant increase of the hydrophobic character of the cellulose with a contact angle near 130°. The increase of hydrophobicity of cellulose is independent of the nature and length of grafting oligoesters. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of unsaturated keto‐groups on physico‐mechanical and thermal properties of modified polystyrene
Authors: Cerit Alaaddin , Ahmetli Gulnare , Kurbanli Refika 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPolystyrene (PS), after polyolefins, is the most widespread polymer both in industry and daily life, successfully replacing some natural raw materials. In this study, as a serial of our previous study, modified polystyrene containing acetyl group (CH3CO‐) was used as a raw material and condensation reaction was performed in basic medium with aliphatic saturated and unsaturated aldehydes. The structures of modified polystyrenes with unsaturated keto‐groups were investigated by chemical and spectral (FTIR vs. 1H NMR) analyses. The effect of the functional groups bound to the structure of the polymer on physicomechanical and thermal properties of modified polystyrene was investigated. As a result, condensation products of modified polystyrenes with crotonaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde had higher physicomechanical properties and were more stable against the thermal destruction at high temperatures. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Removal of metallic ions from ethanol solutions with modified natural cotton fiber
Authors: Teixeira Claudinei F. , Nesello Dariane , Anizelli Pedro R. , Gardes Bernard J. L. , Almeida Flaveli A. S. , Alfaya Antonio A. S. , Gushikem Yoshitaka , Alfaya Rení V. S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new material of cotton fiber/Al2O3/SiPy+Cl−, COTALPy, was prepared containing on its surface the polymer silsesquioxane 3‐n‐propylpyridinium chloride strongly adhered. This new composite based on long fibers of natural cotton is chemically stable and had its adsorption properties studied. The COTALPy presented a maximum ionic exchange capacity of 0.85 mmol g−1 by potentiometric titulation. The adsorption isotherms of CuCl2, ZnCl2, CdCl2, NiCl2, and FeCl2 in ethanol solutions were determined for each metal. The adsorption process was studied and data compared with the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities (in mmol g−1) were: CuCl2 = 0.20, ZnCl2 = 0.18, CdCl2 = 0.35, NiCl2 = 0.22, and FeCl2 = 0.68. Real samples of fuel ethanol were eluted through a column containing the COTALPy, and it presented high‐practical potential for removal of metallic ions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Toughening of bone cement using nanoparticle: The effect of solvent
Authors: Misra Nira , Kapusetti Govinda , Jaiswal Shilpa , Maiti Pralay 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDrawbacks of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐based bone cement as a grouting agent for in vivo fixation of orthopedic and dental implants such as considerable low mechanical strength have been improved using nanotechnology. Bone cement‐layered silicate nanocomposites have been prepared without any heat treatment in the presence of polar (dimethyl formamide, DMF) and nonpolar (benzene) solvents. Solvents have been removed completely from the bone cement after its preparation. Nanostructure is very much dependent on the solvent used for nanocomposite preparation, and benzene‐based nanocomposites are highly intercalated, whereas DMF‐based nanocomposites do not exhibit intercalation. Thermal stability of bone cement has improved in the presence of nanoclays. The relative enhanced interaction in case of benzene‐based nanocomposites has been shown through FTIR and UV–vis studies. The significant improvement in modulus and toughness of bone cement has been demonstrated in the presence of minimum amount of nanoclay for benzene‐based nanocomposites, whereas no change in modulus and reduced toughness have been observed for DMF‐based nanocomposites. The decrease of contact angle has been witnessed with increasing nanoclay concentration indicating better hydrophilic materials suitable for biomedical applications for greater cell growth. The reason for varying property enhancement in different solvents has been discussed considering the polarity effect and interactions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A real‐time study on the evolution of the degradation of polypropylene during mixing process
Authors: Wang Xiao , Yu Wencan , Nie Qunlian , Guo Yu , Du Juan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA real‐time study to the evolution of the mechanisms of degradation of both PP powder and PP granular during the mixing process was achieved. A quantitative analysis of combination of the rheological torque‐time curves obtained by a Haake rheometer with FTIR spectra was made. The construction of a series of the characteristic functions of the torque‐time curve and the FTIR characteristic functions for polypropylene (PP) made the real time and quantitative analysis relatively profound. By means of these characteristic functions, the characters of the mechanisms of thermooxidative degradation, and the mechanism of mechanochemical degradation for PP were investigated. Two criterions for the mechanism of thermooxidative degradation and the mechanism of mechanochemical degradation were obtained. In the thermooxidative treatment process and the mixing process, the necessary condition for the significant occurrence of thermooxidative degradation of PP is Δhr (i) > 0.05, whereas the sufficient condition for the significant occurrence of mechanochemical degradation is Δhr (i) ≤ 0.05 (Dl (i) < 0, and i > 1). A detailed description of the evolutions of the degradations for both the PP granules in which an antideterionant was added and the PP powder without any antideterionant was made. The roles and the evolutions of both the mechanism of thermooxidative degradation and the mechanism of mechanochemical degradation were discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Pharmacokinetic interactions between ciprofloxacin and itraconazole in healthy male volunteers
Authors: Sriwiriyajan Somchai , Samaeng Maseetoh , Ridtitid Wibool , Mahatthanatrakul Werawath , Wongnawa Malinee 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective. To investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction between ciprofloxacin and itraconazole in healthy male volunteers. Methods. Ten healthy male volunteers were assigned into a 2‐sequence, 3‐period pharmacokinetic interaction study. In phase 1, all subjects were randomly assigned to receive 500 mg of ciprofloxacin alone and 200 mg of itraconazole alone twice daily for 7 days with a 14 day wash‐out period in a crossover design. Phase 2 was performed 14 days after finishing phase 1, all subjects received 500 mg of ciprofloxacin in combination with 200 mg of itraconazole twice daily for 7 days. Ciprofloxacin and itraconazole pharmacokinetics were studied and adverse effects noted. Results. Ciprofloxacin significantly increased the Cmax and AUC0 − ∞ of itraconazole by 53.13% and 82.46%, respectively. The half‐life and CL of itraconazole were not changed significantly. The combination of itraconazole and ciprofloxacin could therefore result in an increase in adverse drug reactions. Conversely, itraconazole had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin. Conclusion. Ciprofloxacin decreases the metabolism of itraconazole, most likely through inhibition of CYP3A4. The dosage of itraconazole should be reduced and its therapeutic outcome should be monitored closely when these two agents are concomitantly administered. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entwicklung eines baupraktischen Näherungsverfahrens zur Beurteilung der Zuverlässigkeit von Massivbrücken auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse von Bauwerksüberprüfungen
Authors: Braml Thomas , Keuser Manfred , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIm vorliegenden Teil 2 des Beitrags wird die Entwicklung des baupraktischen Näherungsverfahrens für die Beurteilung der Zuverlässigkeit von Massivbrücken im Rahmen der RI‐EBW‐PRÜF vorgestellt. Wesentlicher Inhalt ist dabei die Modellierung der Modellunsicherheit Bauwerksprüfer, da die Bewertung der Mängel und Schäden an einem Brückenbauwerk durch den jeweiligen Bauwerksprüfer einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Zustandsbewertung hat. Zudem wird auf die Dimensionsanalyse von Grenzzustandsfunktionen näher eingegangen, da damit bei geschickter Normierung eine allgemein gültige Anwendung des Verfahrens erreicht werden kann. Die Anwendung des Verfahrens erfolgt mit einem Software‐Tool, das abschließend vorgestellt wird. In Teil 1 des Beitrags wurden die Grundlagen des Verfahrens sowie die Entwicklung der veränderten stochastischen Material‐ und Geometrieparameter infolge Schädigung behandelt.Development of an Approximation Procedure for a Structural Reliability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Bridges on the Basis of the Results from Bridge InspectionPart 2 of the paper shows the development of the approximation procedure for the reliability assessment of reinforced concrete bridges according to RI‐EBW‐PRÜF. An essential part of this is the development carried out by the model uncertainty bridge inspector, as the respective bridge inspector's individual assessment of the damage of a bridge has a decisive influence on the condition evaluation. Furthermore, the dimensional analyses of ultimate limit states are shown, as the general use of the developed methodology can be achieved with an ingenious standardization. The application of the procedure with the developed software tool is presented in conclusion. Part 1 of the two papers describes the basics of the methodology and shows the development of the stochastic models for the material and geometry parameters which have changed as a result of damage.
Betonplatten unter Stoßbelastung – Fallturmversuche
Authors: Hummeltenberg Anja , Beckmann Birgit , Weber Tony , Curbach Manfred 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn dieser Arbeit werden Fallturmexperimente an Stahlbetonplatten vorgestellt, die an der Technischen Universität Dresden durchgeführt wurden. Es wurden dabei Fallhöhen von bis zu 9 m realisiert. Eine Motivation für diese Experimente war es, das Wissen über nachträgliche Verstärkung von Stahlbetonplatten gegen Steinschlag oder harten Fahrzeuganprall zu erweitern und Möglichkeiten einer nachträglichen Struktursicherung näher zu untersuchen. Die experimentelle Zielstellung war daher, den Einfluss von Stoßgeschwindigkeit, unterschiedlichen Verstärkungsarten und Betonfestigkeiten auf das lokale Materialverhalten und globale Tragverhalten von Platten zu untersuchen. Für zwei der insgesamt 15 Platten wurden zusätzlich zur Standardbewehrung Bügel eingebaut, um die Durchstanzfestigkeit der Platten zu erhöhen. Für einen Teil der Versuchsplatten wurden Stahl‐ bzw. Carbontextilien als nachträgliche Verstärkung verwendet. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, dass eine derartige nachträgliche textile Verstärkung das komplette Durchschlagen des Impaktors verhindert und daher eine wirksame Schutzmaßnahme, beispielsweise für Steinschlaggalerien, darstellt.Concrete Slabs under Impact Load – Drop Tower ExperimentsImpact experiments on reinforced concrete slabs are presented in this work. In order to analyse the behaviour of concrete under high strain rates, an impact mass was dropped from the maximum height of 9 m onto quadratic concrete slabs with a side length of 1 m.The aim of this work was to enlarge knowledge about subsequent structure protection against rock fall or vehicle impact. With this intention, experimental studies on impact velocity, reinforcement techniques were done to determine the influence to local material behaviour and global structure behaviour. Supplemental steel stirrup reinforcement was added to two of the 15 concrete slabs to increase punching resistance. Subsequent textile reinforcement was applied on six concrete slabs using steel fabric reinforcement as well as carbon fabric reinforcement. As a main result of this study it is shown, that a subsequent textile reinforcement prevents the perforation of the slab. For this reason, textile reinforcement can, for example, be used for protection component in rock fall galleries.