bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oropharyngeal Colonization of HIV-Infected Outpatients in Taiwan by Yeast Pathogens
Authors: Yang Yun-Liang , Hung Chien-Ching , Wang An-Huei , Tseng Fan-Chen , Leaw Shiang Ning , Tseng Yu-Tzu , Su Chia-Li , Chen Hui-Ting , Lauderdale Tsai-Ling , Lo Hsiu-Jung 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Among 234 isolates comprising 26 different
Candida
species colonizing the oropharynx of 181 (54.3% of 399 surveyed) HIV-infected outpatients, 27 (11.7%) were fluconazole resistant. Antibacterial treatment was associated with increased rates of yeast colonization, while antiretroviral therapy and pneumococcal vaccination protected patients from yeast colonization.
First Report of Bloodstream Infection Caused by
Pseudomonas fulva
Authors: Seok Yoonmi , Shin Heebong , Lee Yangsoon , Cho Injoo , Na Sungwon , Yong Dongeun , Jeong Seok Hoon , Lee Kyungwon 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas fulva
has not yet been isolated from humans as a pathogen. Herein, we report the first case of
P. fulva
bacteremia in a patient hospitalized due to trauma. The species was identified using biochemical and molecular genetic analyses of the 16S rRNA,
gyrB
,
rpoB
, and
rpoD
genes.
Pseudo-Outbreak of
Cupriavidus pauculus
Infection at an Outpatient Clinic Related to Rinsing Culturette Swabs in Tap Water
Authors: Balada-Llasat Joan-Miquel , Elkins Camille , Swyers Lettie , Bannerman Tammy , Pancholi Preeti 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Cupriavidus pauculus
is a water microorganism rarely isolated from clinical specimens. We describe a pseudo-outbreak in which multiple strains that were associated with moistening of culturette swabs with tap water were isolated from a single clinic before collecting the patient specimen.
Downregulation of CDKN1A in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma despite Overexpression of CDKN1A in Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1-Infected Cell Lines
Authors: Watanabe Masaaki , Nakahata Shingo , Hamasaki Makoto , Saito Yusuke , Kawano Yohei , Hidaka Tomonori , Yamashita Kiyoshi , Umeki Kazumi , Taki Tomohiko , Taniwaki Masafumi , Okayama Akihiko , Morishita Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) causes an aggressive malignancy of T lymphocytes called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and expression of HTLV-1 Tax influences cell survival, proliferation, and genomic stability in the infected T lymphocytes. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A/p21
waf1/Cip1
) is upregulated by Tax, without perturbation of cell cycle control. During an analysis of the gene expression profiles of ATLL cells, we found very low expression of
CDKN1A
in ATLL-derived cell lines and ATLL cells from patient samples, and epigenetic abnormalities including promoter methylation are one of the mechanisms for the low
CDKN1A
expression in ATLL cells. Three HTLV-1-infected cell lines showed high levels of expression of both
CDKN1A
and
Tax
, but expression of
CDKN1A
was detected in only two of six ATLL-derived cell lines. In both the HTLV-1-infected and ATLL cell lines, we found that activated Akt phosphorylates CDKN1A at threonine 145 (T145), leading to cytoplasmic localization of CDKNIA. In HTLV-1-infected cell lines, cytoplasmic CDKN1A did not inhibit the cell cycle after UV irradiation; however, following treatment with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, CDKN1A was dephosphorylated and relocalized to the nucleus, resulting in suppression of the cell cycle. In the ATLL cell lines, treatment with LY294002 did not inhibit the cell cycle but induced apoptosis with the cytoplasmic localization. Therefore, the low
CDKN1A
expression in ATLL cells may be a key player in ATLL leukemogenesis, and the abnormal genomic methylation may influence the expression of not only HTLV-1
Tax
but also
CDKN1A
during long-term development of ATLL from the HTLV-1-infected T lymphocytes.
Multiple Vaccine-Elicited Nonneutralizing Antienvelope Antibody Activities Contribute to Protective Efficacy by Reducing both Acute and Chronic Viremia following Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV89.6PChallenge in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Xiao Peng , Zhao Jun , Patterson L. Jean , Brocca-Cofano Egidio , Venzon David , Kozlowski Pamela A. , Hidajat Rachmat , Demberg Thorsten , Robert-Guroff Marjorie 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTWe have shown that following priming with replicating adenovirus type 5 host range mutant (Ad5hr)-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) recombinants, boosting with gp140 envelope protein enhances acute-phase protection against intravenous simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)89.6Pchallenge compared to results with priming and no boosting or boosting with an HIV polypeptide representing the CD4 binding site of gp120. We retrospectively analyzed antibodies in sera and rectal secretions from these same macaques, investigating the hypothesis that vaccine-elicited nonneutralizing antibodies contributed to the better protection. Compared to other immunized groups or controls, the gp140-boosted group exhibited significantly greater antibody activities mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated viral inhibition (ADCVI) in sera and transcytosis inhibition in rectal secretions. ADCC and ADCVI activities were directly correlated with antibody avidity, suggesting the importance of antibody maturation for functionality. Both ADCVI and percent ADCC killing prechallenge were significantly correlated with reduced acute viremia. The latter, as well as postchallenge ADCVI and ADCC, was also significantly correlated with reduced chronic viremia. We have previously demonstrated induction by the prime/boost regimen of mucosal antibodies that inhibit transcytosis of SIV across an intact epithelial cell layer. Here, antibody in rectal secretions was significantly correlated with transcytosis inhibition. Importantly, the transcytosis specific activity (percent inhibition/total secretory IgA and IgG) was strongly correlated with reduced chronic viremia, suggesting that mucosal antibody may help control cell-to-cell viral spread during the course of infection. Overall, the replicating Ad5hr-HIV/SIV priming/gp140 protein boosting approach elicited strong systemic and mucosal antibodies with multiple functional activities associated with control of both acute and chronic viremia.
Occupational exposure to solvents and risk of lymphoma subtypes: results from the Epilymph case–control study
Authors: Cocco P , t'Mannetje A , Fadda D , Melis M , Becker N , de Sanjosé S , Foretova L , Mareckova J , Staines A , Kleefeld S , Maynadié M , Nieters A , Brennan P , Boffetta P 
Published: May 2010

BackgroundSeveral studies have suggested an association between occupational exposure to solvents and lymphoma risk. However, findings are inconsistent and the role of specific chemicals is not known.ObjectiveTo investigate the role of occupational exposure to organic solvents in the aetiology of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) and its major subtypes, as well as Hodgkin's lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma.Methods2348 lymphoma cases and 2462 controls participated in a case–control study in six European countries. A subset of cases were reviewed by a panel of pathologists to ensure diagnostic consistency. Exposure to solvents was assessed by industrial hygienists and occupational experts based on a detailed occupational questionnaire.ResultsRisk of follicular lymphoma significantly increased with three independent metrics of exposure to benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) (combined p=4×10−7) and to styrene (p=1×10−5), and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) risk increased with exposure to solvents overall (p=4×10−6), BTX (p=5×10−5), gasoline (p=8×10−5) and other solvents (p=2×10−6). Risk of B-NHL for ever exposure to solvents was not elevated (OR=1.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.3), and that for CLL and follicular lymphoma was 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.6) and 1.3 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.7), respectively. Exposure to benzene accounted, at least partially, for the association observed with CLL risk. Hodgkin's lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma did not show an association with solvent exposure.ConclusionThis analysis of a large European dataset confirms a role of occupational exposure to solvents in the aetiology of B-NHL, and particularly, CLL. It is suggested that benzene is most likely to be implicated, but we cannot exclude the possibility of a role for other solvents in relation to other lymphoma subtypes, such as follicular lymphoma. No association with risk of T-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma was shown.
Prevalence of burnout syndrome among medical residents: experience of a developing country
Authors: Ashkar Khalil , Romani Maya , Musharrafieh Umayya , Chaaya Monique 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Background
It has been well established that burnout, defined as emotional exhaustion (EE), de-personalisation (DP), and a ‘decreased sense of personal accomplishment (PA) due to work related stress’, is prevalent to a great extent among medical residents. This has been implicated in the delivery of suboptimal patient care. Residents in developing countries work under difficult working and social conditions and therefore examining burnout is important when addressing quality of care and working conditions.

Objectives
The objectives of the study were to assess the point prevalence of burnout among residents in Lebanon and investigate some of the work and non-work related factors associated with burnout.

Methods
A cross sectional study of all medical residents was carried out in two major hospitals in the capital city. A total of 155 residents responded, representing all specialities. Maslach Burnout Inventory for Health Services Workers (MBI-HSS) was used. Burnout in three domains was dichotomised into high versus not high burnout.

Results
The prevalence of burnout was high in all the domains with the highest in the domain of emotional exhaustion (67.7%). 80% of the sample had a high level of burnout in at least one domain. Being female, experiencing a major stress, working for more than 80 h per week, and having more than eight calls per month increased the odds of burnout in at least one domain.

Conclusions
The high burnout level calls for action. This could be addressed by re-examining workload and other working conditions of residents as well as attending to their psychological wellbeing. The limitations of the study are also discussed.
A fast and robust mixed-precision solver for the solution of sparse symmetric linear systems
Authors: Hogg J. D. , Scott J. A. 
Published: May 2010

On many current and emerging computing architectures, single-precision calculations are at least twice as fast as double-precision calculations. In addition, the use of single precision may reduce pressure on memory bandwidth. The penalty for using single precision for the solution of linear systems is a potential loss of accuracy in the computed solutions. For sparse linear systems, the use of mixed precision in which double-precision iterative methods are preconditioned by a single-precision factorization can enable the recovery of high-precision solutions more quickly and use less memory than a sparse direct solver run using double-precision arithmetic.
In this article, we consider the use of single precision within direct solvers for sparse symmetric linear systems, exploiting both the reduction in memory requirements and the performance gains. We develop a practical algorithm to apply a mixed-precision approach and suggest parameters and techniques to minimize the number of solves required by the iterative recovery process. These experiments provide the basis for our new code HSL_MA79—a fast, robust, mixed-precision sparse symmetric solver that is included in the mathematical software library HSL.
Numerical results for a wide range of problems from practical applications are presented.
An optimization framework for embedded processors with auto-addressing mode
Authors: Zhuang Xiaotong , Pande Santosh 
Published: May 2010

Modern embedded processors with dedicated address generation unit support memory accesses through auto-increment/decrement addressing mode. The auto-increment/decrement mode, if properly utilized, can save address arithmetic instructions, reduce static and dynamic memory footprint of the program, and speed up the execution as well.
Liao [1995, 1996] categorized this problem as Simple Offset Assignment (SOA) and General Offset Assignment (GOA), which involves storage layout of variables and assignment of address registers, respectively, proposing several heuristic solutions. This article proposes a new direction for investigating the solution space of the problem. The general idea [Zhuang 2003] is to perform simplification of the underlying access graph through coalescence of the memory locations of program variables. A comprehensive framework is proposed including coalescence-based offset assignment and post/pre-optimization. Variables not interfering with others (not simultaneously live at any program point) can be coalesced into the same memory location. Coalescing allows simplifications of the access graph yielding better SOA solutions; it also reduces the address register pressure to such low values that some GOA solutions become optimal. Moreover, it can reduce the memory footprint both statically and at runtime for stack variables. Our second optimization (post/pre-optimization) considers both post- and pre-modification mode for optimizing code across basic blocks, which makes it useful. Making use of both addressing modes further reduces SOA/GOA cost and our post/pre-optimization phase is optimal in selecting post or pre mode after variable offsets have been determined.
We have shown the advantages of our framework over previous approaches to capture more opportunities to reduce both stack size and SOA/GOA cost, leading to more speedup.
Role of RUNX3 in Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lee Cecilia Wei Lin , Ito Kosei , Ito Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, are multifunctional cytokines regulating a broad spectrum of biological functions. Recent studies show the presence of BMP receptor 1a mutations in juvenile polyposis and frequent Smad4 mutations in colon cancer, suggesting that aberrations in BMP signaling play an important role in intestinal cancer pathogenesis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The Runt domain transcription factor RUNX3 is an integral component of signaling pathways mediated by TGF-β and BMPs. RUNX3 is a gastric and colon tumor suppressor, functioning downstream of TGF-β. Recently, we showed the tumor-suppressive effects of RUNX3 by its ability to attenuate β-catenin/T-cell factors (TCFs) transactivation in intestinal tumorigenesis. Here, we explore the molecular basis of the tumor-suppressive function of the BMP pathway through RUNX3 in colorectal carcinogenesis. BMP exerted a growth-suppressive effect in HT-29, a human colorectal cancer cell line. c-Myc oncogene was found to be downregulated by BMP and/or RUNX3. We show that upregulation of RUNX3 by BMP reduces c-Myc expression. Evidence is presented suggesting that RUNX3 downregulates c-Myc expression by two parallel pathways—directly at the transcriptional level and through attenuation of β-catenin/TCFs, downstream of BMPs in colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Res; 70(10); 4243–52. ©2010 AACR.
Heterogeneity of Regional Redox Status and Relation of the Redox Status to Oxygenation in a Tumor Model, Evaluated Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Takeshita Keizo , Kawaguchi Kumiko , Fujii-Aikawa Kaori , Ueno Megumi , Okazaki Shoko , Ono Mitsuhiro , Krishna Murali C. , Kuppusamy Periannan , Ozawa Toshihiko , Ikota Nobuo 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
It is widely accepted that redox status, along with the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), determines the efficacy of some therapeutic methods applied to treat tumors, including radiation. Redox status, evaluated by the reduction of a nitroxyl probe, was reportedly heterogeneous in a mouse tumor model. However, neither variation of heterogeneity of the redox status among mice nor the relation of the redox status to pO2 in tumors has been characterized sufficiently. In this study, the regional reduction status in a mouse radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumor model was evaluated using sequential three-dimensional electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging after i.v. injection of a tissue-permeable nitroxyl probe, HM-PROXYL. The regional decay of HM-PROXYL signal obeyed first-order kinetics, and the amplitude of the reduction rate and extent of its heterogeneity in a tumor varied among six mice. The tissue pO2 was measured using EPR oximetry with lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) microcrystals implanted within the tumor. The location of LiPc was determined with EPR imaging. A sequential image was obtained following the injection of HM-PROXYL, even after LiPc implantation, by choosing an HM-PROXYL signal peak which does not overlap with the signal of LiPc. The relationship between pO2 and the reduction rate at the region of pO2 measurement was found to be low (r = 0.357) in 13 tumor-bearing mice, indicating that the extent of oxygenation does not necessarily affect the redox status under air-breathing conditions. The results strongly indicate the necessity of measurements of both redox status and oxygenation in every tumor to characterize tumor physiology. Cancer Res; 70(10); 4133–40. ©2010 AACR.
Deficiency in p53 but not Retinoblastoma Induces the Transformation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells In vitro and Initiates Leiomyosarcoma In vivo
Authors: Rubio Ruth , García-Castro Javier , Gutiérrez-Aranda Iván , Paramio Jesús , Santos Mirentxu , Catalina Purificación , Leone Paola E. , Menendez Pablo , Rodríguez René 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Sarcomas have been modeled in mice by the expression of specific fusion genes in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), supporting the concept that MSCs might be the target initiating cell in sarcoma. In this study, we evaluated the potential oncogenic effects of p53 and/or retinoblastoma (Rb) deficiency in MSC transformation and sarcomagenesis. We derived wild-type, p53−/−, Rb−/−, and p53−/−Rb−/− MSC cultures and fully characterized their in vitro growth properties and in vivo tumorigenesis capabilities. In contrast with wild-type MSCs, Rb−/−, p53−/−, and p53−/−Rb−/− MSCs underwent in vitro transformation and showed severe alterations in culture homeostasis. More importantly, p53−/− and p53−/−Rb−/− MSCs, but not Rb−/− MSCs, were capable of tumor development in vivo after injection into immunodeficient mice. p53−/− or p53−/−Rb−/− MSCs originated leiomyosarcoma-like tumors, linking this type of smooth muscle sarcoma to p53 deficiency in fat tissue–derived MSCs. Sca1+ and Sca1 low/− cell populations isolated from ex vivo–established, transformed MSC lines from p53−/−Rb−/− tumors showed identical sarcomagenesis potential, with 100% tumor penetrance and identical latency, tumor weight, and histologic profile. Our findings define the differential roles of p53 and Rb in MSC transformation and offer proof-of-principle that MSCs could provide useful tools to dissect the sarcoma pathogenesis. Cancer Res; 70(10); 4185–94. ©2010 AACR.
Plasma Folate, Related Genetic Variants, and Colorectal Cancer Risk in EPIC
Authors: Eussen Simone J.P.M. , Vollset Stein Emil , Igland Jannicke , Meyer Klaus , Fredriksen Åse , Ueland Per Magne , Jenab Mazda , Slimani Nadia , Boffetta Paolo , Overvad Kim , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Morois Sophie , Weikert Cornelia , Pischon Tobias , Linseisen Jakob , Kaaks Rudolf , Trichopoulou Antonia , Zilis Demosthenes , Katsoulis Michael , Palli Domenico , Berrino Franco , Vineis Paolo , Tumino Rosario , Panico Salvatore , Peeters Petra H.M. , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J.B. , Gram Inger Torhild , Skeie Guri , Lund Eiliv , González Carlos A. , Martínez Carmen , Dorronsoro Miren , Ardanaz Eva , Navarro Carmen , Rodríguez Laudina , Guelpen Bethany Van , Palmqvist Richard , Manjer Jonas , Ericson Ulrika , Bingham Sheila , Khaw Kay-Tee , Norat Teresa , Riboli Elio 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground: A potential dual role of folate in colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently subject to debate. We investigate the associations between plasma folate, several relevant folate-related polymorphisms, and CRC risk within the large European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort.Methods: In this nested case-control study, 1,367 incident CRC cases were matched to 2,325 controls for study center, age, and sex. Risk ratios (RR) were estimated with conditional logistic regression and adjusted for smoking, education, physical activity, and intake of alcohol and fiber.Results: Overall analyses did not reveal associations of plasma folate with CRC. The RR (95% confidence interval; Ptrend) for the fifth versus the first quintile of folate status was 0.94 (0.74-1.20; 0.44). The polymorphisms MTHFR677C→T, MTHFR1298A→C, MTR2756A→G, MTRR66A→G, and MTHFD11958G→A were not associated with CRC risk. However, in individuals with the lowest plasma folate concentrations, the MTHFR 677TT genotype showed a statistically nonsignificant increased CRC risk [RR (95% CI; Ptrend) TT versus CC = 1.39 (0.87-2.21); 0.12], whereas those with the highest folate concentrations showed a nonsignificant decreased CRC risk [RR TT versus CC = 0.74 (0.39-1.37); 0.34]. The SLC19A180G→A showed a positive association with CRC risk [RR AA versus GG 1.30 (1.06-1.59); &lt;0.01].Conclusions: This large European prospective multicenter study did not show an association of CRC risk with plasma folate status nor with MTHFR polymorphisms.Impact: Findings of the present study tend to weaken the evidence that folate plays an important role in CRC carcinogenesis. However, larger sample sizes are needed to adequately address potential gene-environment interactions. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(5); 1328–40. ©2010 AACR.
Maternal Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy and Risk of Childhood Leukemia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Latino-Martel Paule , Chan Doris S.M. , Druesne-Pecollo Nathalie , Barrandon Emilie , Hercberg Serge , Norat Teresa 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Background: Leukemia is the most frequently occurring cancer in children. Although its etiology is largely unknown, leukemia is believed to result from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Among different potential risk factors, the possible role of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy has been questioned.
Methods: To assess the association between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and childhood leukemia, a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies was done.
Results: Twenty-one case-control studies were included in categorical and dose-response meta-analyses. No cohort study was identified. Analyses were conducted by type of leukemia, children's age at diagnosis, and type of alcoholic beverage and trimester of pregnancy at alcohol use. Alcohol intake during pregnancy (yes versus no) was statistically significantly associated with childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [odds ratio (OR), 1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13-2.15] but not with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.93-1.29). Heterogeneity between studies was observed. The OR of AML for an increase of a drink per week was 1.24 (95% CI, 0.94-1.64). The association of alcohol intake during pregnancy with AML was observed for cancers diagnosed at age 0 to 4 years (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.85-3.89) in five studies without heterogeneity (I2 ≤ 0.1%).
Conclusions: The results of case-control studies indicate that maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with a significantly increased risk of AML in young children.
Impact: Avoidance of maternal alcohol drinking during pregnancy might contribute to a decrease in the risk of childhood AML. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(5); 1238–60. ©2010 AACR.