bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Cerebrovascular Accident Associated with Use of Antipsychotics: Population‐Based Case–Control Study
Authors: Laredo Leonor , Vargas Emilio , Blasco Antonio Javier , Aguilar Maria Dolores , Moreno Alfonso , Portolés Antonio 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between use of antipsychotics and risk of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in individuals with dementia aged 65 and older.DESIGN: Population‐based case–control study.SETTING: UK‐based electronic primary care records in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD).PARTICIPANTS: Individuals with dementia aged 65 and older registered in the database between January 1, 1995, and June 22, 2007.MEASUREMENTS: Odds ratio (OR) of CVA in users versus nonusers of antipsychotics (typical or atypical) and in users of typical versus atypical antipsychotics. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models to adjust for potential confounders: demographic variables, comorbidity, and concomitant treatments.RESULTS: After adjusting for confounding variables, the OR of CVA associated with use of only typical antipsychotics versus no antipsychotics in individuals with dementia aged 65 and older was 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.07–1.27) and for use of only atypical antipsychotics versus no antipsychotics was 0.62 (95% CI=0.53–0.72). In the comparison of typical versus atypical antipsychotics, the OR was 1.83 (95% CI=1.57–2.14).CONCLUSION: No reasons were found to question the cerebrovascular safety of atypical antipsychotics in older adults with dementia. The typical antipsychotics appear to be associated with a higher risk of CVA, although the risk disappears after use is discontinued.
Vulnerability of Older Latino and Asian Immigrants with Limited English Proficiency
Authors: Kim Giyeon , Worley Courtney B. , Allen Rebecca S. , Vinson Latrice , Crowther Martha R. , Parmelee Patricia , Chiriboga David A. 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVES: To explore the implications of limited English proficiency (LEP) for disparities in health status and healthcare service use of older Latino and Asian immigrants.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional analysis of existing secondary data.SETTING: The 2007 California Health Interview Survey.PARTICIPANTS: Latino and Asian immigrants aged 60 and older (n=1,745) were divided into three language proficiency groups: older adults who have LEP, are proficient in English but also speak another language at home (EP), and speak English only (EO).MEASUREMENTS: Sociodemographic characteristics, health status, health service use, and barriers to service use were compared.RESULTS: Older Latino and Asian immigrants with LEP tended to have poorer self‐rated health and higher psychological distress than the EP and EO groups. They were also less likely than the EP and EO groups to use health services and more likely to experience barriers to service use (e.g., difficulty understanding written information at the doctor's office).CONCLUSION: Older Latinos and Asians with LEP are at higher risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes and inadequate health care. Healthcare systems should consider strategies to address the language needs of older immigrants to reduce the effect of linguistic disparities on access to care and ultimately to improve health status for these vulnerable populations.
Effect of a High‐Intensity Functional Exercise Program on Functional Balance: Preplanned Subgroup Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Residential Care Facilities
Authors: Littbrand Håkan , Carlsson Maine , Lundin‐Olsson Lillemor , Lindelöf Nina , Håglin Lena , Gustafson Yngve , Rosendahl Erik 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether age, sex, depression, dementia disorder, nutritional status, or level of functional balance capacity influences the effect of a high‐intensity functional weight‐bearing exercise program on functional balance.DESIGN: Preplanned subgroup analyses of a randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Nine residential care facilities.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred ninety‐one people aged 65 to 100 dependent in activities of daily living and with Mini‐Mental State Examination scores of 10 or greater.INTERVENTION: A high‐intensity functional weight‐bearing exercise program or a control activity, each comprising 29 sessions over 3 months.MEASUREMENTS: Functional balance capacity was assessed blindly using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The BBS consists of 14 tasks, common in everyday life, such as standing up from sitting and, while standing, reaching forward or turning 360°. Interactions between allocation to activity group and each subgroup were evaluated according to the intention‐to‐treat principle.RESULTS: The subgroup analyses revealed no statistically significant interaction for age, sex, depression, dementia disorder, nutritional status, or level of functional balance capacity at 3 (P=.65, .65, .51, .78, .09, .67, respectively) or 6 (P=.69, .62, .20, .94, .48, .85, respectively) months. In addition, at 3 and 6 months there was no significant interaction for cognitive level (P=.28, .47, respectively) or number of depressive symptoms (P=.85, .49, respectively).CONCLUSION: Older age, female sex, depression, mild to moderate dementia syndrome, malnutrition, and severe physical impairment do not seem to have a negative effect on functional balance from a high‐intensity functional weight‐bearing exercise program. Consequently, people with these characteristics in residential care facilities should not be excluded from offers of rehabilitation including high‐intensity exercises.
Effect of an Inpatient Geriatric Consultation Team on Functional Outcome, Mortality, Institutionalization, and Readmission Rate in Older Adults with Hip Fracture: A Controlled Trial
Authors: Deschodt Mieke , Braes Tom , Broos Paul , Sermon An , Boonen Steven , Flamaing Johan , Milisen Koen 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of an inpatient geriatric consultation team (IGCT) on end points of interest in people with hip fracture: length of stay, functional status, mortality, new nursing home admission, and hospital readmission.DESIGN: Controlled trial based on assignment by convenience.SETTING: Trauma ward in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred seventy‐one people with hip fracture aged 65 and older.INTERVENTION: Participants were assigned to a multidisciplinary geriatric intervention (n=94) or usual care (n=77) during hospitalization after hip fracture.MEASUREMENTS: End points were functional status, length of stay, mortality, new nursing home admission, and hospital readmission 6 weeks, 4 months, and 12 months after surgery.RESULTS: Mean length of stay was 11.1 ± 5.1 days in the intervention group and 12.4 ± 8.5 days in the control groups (P=.24). Complete adherence to IGCT recommendations was 56.8%. A significant benefit of intervention on functional status in univariate analyses (P=.02) 8 days after surgery disappeared in a linear mixed model. Participants with dementia had better functional status in a linear mixed model than those without (P=.03), but this effect was no longer significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. After 6 weeks, 4 months, and 12 months, no between‐group differences could be documented for mortality, new nursing home admission, or readmission rate.CONCLUSION: This trial could not document functional benefits of an IGCT intervention in people with hip fracture. More research is needed to investigate whether a more‐intensive approach with more‐direct control over patient management, more‐specific recommendations, and more‐intense education would be effective.
White Matter Lesions on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan and 5‐Year Cognitive Decline: The Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study
Authors: Inaba Michiko , White Lon , Bell Christina , Chen Randi , Petrovitch Helen , Launer Lenore , Abbott Robert D. , Ross G. Webster , Masaki Kamal 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVES: To study white matter lesions (WMLs) and 5‐year cognitive decline in elderly Japanese‐American men.DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study.SETTING: Population‐based study in Honolulu, Hawaii.PARTICIPANTS: Japanese‐American men aged 74 to 95 from the Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study (HAAS) who were free of prevalent dementia, underwent a protocol brain MRI scan at the fifth HAAS examination (1994–1996), and returned for cognitive testing 5 years later (N=267).MEASUREMENTS: WMLs were dichotomized as present (grade 3–9, 38.2%) or absent (grade 1–2, 61.8%). Cognitive function was measured using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), and 5‐year cognitive decline was defined as a drop in CASI score of 12 points or more (1 standard deviation).RESULTS: Men with WMLs on MRI at baseline were significantly more likely to experience cognitive decline at 5 years than those without (22.4% vs 34.4%, P=.03). Using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for age, education, apolipoprotein (Apo)E4 allele, large or small infarcts on MRI, baseline CASI score, and hypertension, those with WMLs were significantly more likely to develop 5‐year cognitive decline (odds ratio=2.00, 95% confidence interval=1.10–3.65, P=.02). This association was stronger in men who were cognitively intact and free of the ApoE4 genotype and clinical stroke at baseline.CONCLUSION: Presence of WMLs on MRI was significantly associated with higher odds of 5‐year cognitive decline in older Japanese‐American men. Presence of WMLs may help identify people at risk for developing dementia, who may benefit from early intervention.
Anticholinergic Medication Use and Cognitive Impairment in the Older Population: The Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study
Authors: Fox Chris , Richardson Kathryn , Maidment Ian D. , Savva George M. , Matthews Fiona E. , Smithard David , Coulton Simon , Katona Cornelius , Boustani Malaz A. , Brayne Carol 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the use of medications with possible and definite anticholinergic activity increases the risk of cognitive impairment and mortality in older people and whether risk is cumulative.DESIGN: A 2‐year longitudinal study of participants enrolled in the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study between 1991 and 1993.SETTING: Community‐dwelling and institutionalized participants.PARTICIPANTS: Thirteen thousand four participants aged 65 and older.MEASUREMENTS: Baseline use of possible or definite anticholinergics determined according to the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale and cognition determined using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). The main outcome measure was decline in the MMSE score at 2 years.RESULTS: At baseline, 47% of the population used a medication with possible anticholinergic properties, and 4% used a drug with definite anticholinergic properties. After adjusting for age, sex, educational level, social class, number of nonanticholinergic medications, number of comorbid health conditions, and cognitive performance at baseline, use of medication with definite anticholinergic effects was associated with a 0.33‐point greater decline in MMSE score (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.03–0.64, P=.03) than not taking anticholinergics, whereas the use of possible anticholinergics at baseline was not associated with further decline (0.02, 95% CI=−0.14–0.11, P=.79). Two‐year mortality was greater for those taking definite (OR=1.68; 95% CI=1.30–2.16; P<.001) and possible (OR=1.56; 95% CI=1.36–1.79; P<.001) anticholinergics.CONCLUSION: The use of medications with anticholinergic activity increases the cumulative risk of cognitive impairment and mortality.
The Hemodynamic Effect of Right Ventricle (RV), RT3DE Targeted Left Ventricle (LV) and Biventricular (BIV) Pacing in the Early Postoperative Period After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: STRAKA FRANTISEK , PIRK JAN , PINDAK MARIAN , SKALSKY IVO , VANCURA VLASTIMIL , CIHAK ROBERT , MAREK TOMAS , LUPINEK PETR , MASIN JAROSLAV , SCHORNIK DAVID , ZEMAN MICHAL , SKROBAKOVA JANKA , DORAZILOVA ZORA , SKIBOVA JELENA 
Published: June 2011

Background: Congestive heart failure negatively impacts the prognosis in patients after cardiac surgery. The aim of our study was to assess the value of targeted cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) within 72 hours after cardiac surgery in patients with mechanical dyssynchrony, who had an ejection fraction ≤ 35%, QRS ≥150 ms or between 120 and 150 ms.
Methods: A prospective randomized trial based on three‐dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) and optimized sequential dual‐chamber (DDD
) pacing in patients after cardiac surgery. DDD epicardial pacing (Medtronic coaxial epicardial leads 6495) was provided by a modified Medtronic INSYNC III Pacemaker (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA).
Summary of results:
The study included 21 patients with ischemic heart disease (HD) or valvular HD (16 men, 5 women, average age 69 years) with left ventricle (LV) dysfunction after cardiac surgery
. Patients with biventricular (BIV) (CO 6.7 ± 1.7 L/min, CI 3.5 ± 0.8 L/min/m2) and LV (CO 6.2 ± 1.5 L/min, CI 3.2 ± 0.7 L/min/m2) pacing had statistically significantly higher CO and CI than patients with right ventricular (RV) (CO 5.4 ± 1.4 L/min, CI 2.8 ± 0.6 L/min/m2) pacing (BIV vs RV P ≤ 0.001; LV vs RV P ≤ 0.05; BIV vs LV P ≤ 0.05).
Conclusions: RT3DE targeted and optimized CRT in the early postperative period after cardiac surgery provided better hemodynamic results than RV pacing. (PACE 2011; 34:1231–1240)
Phase Evaluation in Al2O3 Fiber‐Reinforced Ti2AlC During Sintering in the 1300°C–1500°C Temperature Range
Authors: Spencer C. B. , Córdoba J. M. , Obando N. , Sakulich A. , Radovic M. , Odén M. , Hultman L. , Barsoum M. W. 
Published: June 2011

In this article, the reactivity of Ti2AlC powders, with 3 and 10 μm alumina, Al2O3, fibers during pressure‐assisted sintering is explored. Samples were fabricated by hot‐isostatic‐pressing (HIPed) or hot‐pressing (HPed), and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and electron microscopy—both scanning and transmission—equipped with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopes. Samples prepared at 1300°C were fully dense, with no apparent reaction between fiber and matrix. In samples HPed to 1500°C, even pure Ti2AlC powders dissociated to Ti3AlC2 according to: 2 Ti2AlC = Ti3AlC2 + TiAlx (l) + (1‐x) Al (l/v), with x < 1. More severe Al loss results in the formation of TiCy. The presence of the Al2O3 fibers delayed densification enough to allow most of the Al and some of the Ti to escape into the vacuum of the hot press or react with the encapsulating glass during HIPing a resulting in a more intensive dissociation of the Ti2AlC. Although, in principle Ti2AlC can be reinforced with Al2O3 fibers, the processing/use temperature will have to be kept below 1500°C, as, at that temperature the fibers, used here, sinter together.
Energy Transfer Mechanism and Luminescence of Ce0.67Tb0.33Mg1‐xMnxAl11O19 Wide‐Color‐Gamut CCFL Green Phosphor
Authors: Fang Ying‐Chien , Huang Xiao‐Rong , Lin Han‐Yu , Chu Sheng‐Yuan 
Published: June 2011

Using a convenient solid‐state reaction Ce0.67Tb0.33Mg1‐xMnxAl11O19 green phosphors were prepared. The effect of Mn2+ doping on the luminescence properties, energy transfer mechanism, and color gamut under 254 nm excitation were investigated. The energy transfer from (Ce,Tb)3+ to Mn2+ was found to be due to multipolar interactions of the dipole–quadrupole mechanism from theoretical fitting results. The critical distance was calculated to be 0.797 nm. When the Mn2+ doping content was increased from 0 to 0.12, the energy transfer efficiency (Ce3+,Tb3+ → Mn2+) gradually increased from 0% to 58%. The Ce0.67Tb0.33Mg0.88Mn0.12Al11O19 sample exhibits 105% of the standard NTSC color gamut. Results indicate that Ce0.67Tb0.33Mg0.88Mn0.12Al11O19 green phosphors can be applied to illumination devices and displays.
Adsorption of Polyelectrolytes on Calcium Carbonate – Which Thermodynamic Parameters are Driving This Process?
Authors: de Reese Johanna , Plank Johann 
Published: June 2011

Polyelectrolytes such as dispersants are frequently used to modify the properties of wet preparations applied in the ceramic industry. The working mechanism of those admixtures relies on adsorption on mineral surfaces. Here, an analysis of the thermodynamic parameters which influence adsorption and effectiveness of two cement and clay dispersants was performed. As polyelectrolytes, linear ß‐naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde (BNS) polycondensate, and comb‐shaped α‐allyl‐ω‐methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐maleic anhydride polycarboxylate copolymer (PC) were selected. The standard free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of adsorption on CaCO3 as model substrate were determined at pH 9 and in alkaline CaCl2 solution (pH 12.6 plus 1 g/L Ca2+). From temperature dependent adsorption isotherms the thermodynamic parameters ΔH0 and ΔS0 were established. Additionally, the Gibbs free energy of adsorption was calculated. For PC, the gain in entropy resulting from adsorption is consistently higher than for BNS which exhibits a higher release of enthalpy. Thus, adsorption of comb‐shaped PC occurs as a result of entropy gain owed to the release of counterions and water molecules whereas linear BNS adsorbs because of strong electrostatic attraction to the CaCO3 surface. Obviously, the specific molecular architecture and anionic charge amount of the polyelectrolytes strongly impact the portion of enthalpic and entropic contribution to adsorption.
Differences in Early Dynamic Connectivity between Visual Expansion and Contraction Stimulations Revealed by an fMRI‐Directed MEG Approach
Authors: Yang Chia‐Yen , Chao Yi‐Ping , Lin Ching‐Po 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe human visual system responds asymmetrically to visual motion stimuli in opposite directions due to the involvement of the same brain areas but different operating processes. The expansion mode is thought to invoke a vigilance mechanism, whereas the contraction mode does not.METHODSTo investigate discrepancies between these modes, we produced dynamic connectivity maps based on mutual information between visual‐evoked dipole sources of magnetoencephalography, which were steered by visual activity patterns in functional magnetic resonance imaging under two motion‐stimulus modes.RESULTSIn the expansion mode, information was conveyed from V1 at 50‐75 ms after motion onset, fed forward to V3A and then V5. Top‐down connectivity paths were evident after a latency of 100 ms. Many of these interactions occurred within 200 ms. However, in the contraction mode, information was conveyed from V3A to V5, followed by feedback, but regained from V1 after a latency of 250 ms. Although these interactions were delayed by about 250 ms, they were completed within 500 ms.CONCLUSIONSThese findings show that detect spatiotemporal differences between expansion and contraction modes can be readily detected using time‐flow charts. Moreover, delay interactions could be insensitive to object motion away from the observer.
Enhanced mobilization of the bone marrow–derived circulating progenitor cells by intracoronary freshly isolated bone marrow cells transplantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Turan R. G. , Bozdag‐T I. , Turan C. H. , Ortak J. , Akin I. , Kische S. , Schneider H. , Rauchhaus M. , Rehders T. C. , Kleinfeldt T. , Belu C. , Amen S. , Hermann T. , Yokus S. , Brehm M. , Steiner S. , Chatterjee T. , Sahin K. , Nienaber C. A. , Ince H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAutologous bone marrow cell transplantation (BMCs‐Tx) is a promising novel option for treatment of cardiovascular disease. We analysed in a randomized controlled study the influence of the intracoronary autologous freshly isolated BMCs‐Tx on the mobilization of bone marrow–derived circulating progenitor cells (BM‐CPCs) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Sixty‐two patients with AMI were randomized to either freshly isolated BMCs‐Tx or to a control group without cell therapy. Peripheral blood (PB) concentrations of CD34/45+‐ and CD133/45+‐circulating progenitor cells were measured by flow cytometry in 42 AMI patients with cell therapy as well as in 20 AMI patients without cell therapy as a control group on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 3, 6 as well as 12 months after AMI. Global ejection fraction (EF) and the size of infarct area were determined by left ventriculography. We observed in patients with freshly isolated BMCs‐Tx at 3 and 12 months follow up a significant reduction of infarct size and increase of global EF as well as infarct wall movement velocity. The mobilization of CD34/45+ and CD133/45+ BM‐CPCs significantly increased with a peak on day 7 as compared to baseline after AMI in both groups (CD34/45+: P < 0.001, CD133/45+: P < 0.001). Moreover, this significant mobilization of BM‐CPCs existed 3, 6 and 12 months after cell therapy compared to day 1 after AMI. In control group, there were no significant differences of CD34/45+ and CD133/45+ BM‐CPCs mobilization between day 1 and 3, 6 and 12 months after AMI. Intracoronary transplantation of autologous freshly isolated BMCs by use of point of care system in patients with AMI may enhance and prolong the mobilization of CD34/45+ and CD133/45+ BM‐CPCs in PB and this might increase the regenerative potency after AMI.
Caveolin induces cardioprotection through epigenetic regulation
Authors: Das Manika , Das Somak , Lekli Istvan , Das Dipak K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLipid rafts represent a sub‐compartment of the plasma membrane that co‐ordinate and regulate varieties of signalling processes, whereas caveolins are the integral membrane protein of the lipid raft. Recent evidence demonstrated the pivotal role of caveolins in cardioprotection against ischaemic injury, although their mechanism of action is not clear. However, new understanding of epigenetic modification during ischaemia reperfusion suggests additional targeted approaches that have not been explored before. To study the role of caveolin on epigenetic regulation, isolated mouse heart was prepared from wild‐type (WT) and caveolin‐1 knockout (Cav‐1 KO) mouse and preconditioned them with four cyclic episodes of ischaemia/reperfusion followed by 30 min. global ischaemia and 120 min. reperfusion. We found that Cav‐1 KO mouse abolished the acetylation of histone (H3 and H4) and increased the methylation of histone in the preconditioned heart. The increased histone methylation was significantly correlated with an increased level of histone methyltranferase G9a protein and increased the level of histone decaetylase (HDAC) activity. Cav‐1 KO mouse also decreased the translocation of forkhead transcription factor (FOXO3a) to the nucleus and reduced the induction of the expression of SIRT‐1 in the preconditioned heart. Cardioprotective property of Cav‐1 was further confirmed by reduced ventricular function, increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, increased expression of junas kinase (JNK) and Bax and decreased expression of phospho‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), phospho‐AKT and B cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) in Cav‐1 KO preconditioned heart. The results clearly indicate that Cav‐1 induces cardioprotection through epigenetic regulation.