bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors for self-reported diabetes among adult men and women in India: findings from a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Agrawal Sutapa , Ebrahim Shah 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the distribution of diabetes and modifiable risk factors to provide data to aid diabetes prevention programmes in India.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional survey of men and women included in India's third National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3, 2005–2006).SettingThe sample is a multistage cluster sample with an overall response rate of 98 %. All states of India are represented in the sample (except the small Union Territories), covering more than 99 % of the country's population.SubjectsWomen (n 99 574) and men (n 56 742) aged 20–49 years residing in the sample households.ResultsPrevalence of diabetes was 1598/100 000 (95 % CI 1462, 1735) among men and 1054/100 000 (95 % CI 974, 1134) among women in India. Rural–urban and marked geographic variation were found with higher rates in south and north-eastern India. Weekly and daily fish intake contributed to a significantly higher risk of diabetes among both women and men. Risks of diabetes increased with increased BMI, age and wealth status of both women and men, but no effects of the consumption of milk/curd, vegetables, eggs, television watching, alcohol consumption or smoking were found. Daily consumption of pulse/beans or fruits was associated with a significantly reduced risk of diabetes among women, whereas non-significant inverse associations were observed in the case of men.ConclusionsPrevalence was underestimated using self-reports. The wide variation in self-reported diabetes is unlikely to be due entirely to reporting biases or access to health care, and indicates that modifiable risk factors exist. Prevention of diabetes should focus on obesity and target specific socio-economic groups in India.
Three-Dimensional Analysis by Electron Diffraction Methods of Nanocrystalline Materials
Authors: Gammer Christoph , Mangler Clemens , Karnthaler Hans-Peter , Rentenberger Christian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo analyze nanocrystalline structures quantitatively in 3D, a novel method is presented based on electron diffraction. It allows determination of the average size and morphology of the coherently scattering domains (CSD) in a straightforward way without the need to prepare multiple sections. The method is applicable to all kinds of bulk nanocrystalline materials. As an example, the average size of the CSD in nanocrystalline FeAl made by severe plastic deformation is determined in 3D. Assuming ellipsoidal CSD, it is deduced that the CSD have a width of 19 ± 2 nm, a length of 18 ± 1 nm, and a height of 10 ± 1 nm.
In-silico analysis of human IGFBP-4 involved in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: MuniKumar Manne , Roopesh Kavali , Umamaheswari Amineni 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the major cause of disability and premature death throughout the world and contributes substantially to the escalating costs of health care. Insulin like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP-4) mainly belongs to the family of IGFB protein. Over expression of IGFBP-4 leads to cardiovascular diseases namely stroke, acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. IGFBP-4 serves as an effective drug target against cardiovascular disease. Hence, ligand based virtual screening was pursued in the present study to propose potential inhibitors of IGFBP-4. Two published inhibitors were selected to initiate high throughput virtual screening from small molecule databases namely, NCI, ChemBank, ChemPDB, AKos GmbH, Asinex Ltd and KEGG ligand. The structures listed through database search were docked with IGFBP-4 using virtual screening workflow of Maestro v9.2. Three leads that showed better binding affinity and good correlation than two published inhibitors were proposed as potential IGFBP-4 inhibitors. The three proposed leads showed good pharmacological properties in comparison to the two existing inhibitors for next generation drug designing against cardiovascular diseases.
Hydro tropes as promoters in soap flotation
Authors: Khadri Abubakar , P Vijay Kumar , Dassin Yasser , Gowda Prabhulingaiah , DMR Sekhar 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSoaps, the salts of fatty acids are generally used as collectors in the flotation process to separate salt type minerals. Some times light diesel oil is mixed with soaps and the emulsion is used as collector. Addition of detergents to soaps not only enhances the collector efficiency but also reduces the consumption of soap. Urea a known hydro trope is found to improve the flotation efficiency of soaps. Our current testing is indicating that other hydro tropes such as tri sodium citrate and sodium salicylate are also effective in improving the flotation efficiency of soap and also the soap-LDO emulsion.
Fabrication and magnetic properties of Fe and Co co-doped ZrO2
Authors: Okabayashi J. , Kono S. , Yamada Y. , Nomura K. 
Published: November 2011

We investigate the effects of Fe and Co co-doping on the magnetic and electronic properties of ZrO2 ceramics prepared by a sol-gel method, and study their dependence on the annealing temperature. Dilute Fe and Co co-doping into ZrO2 exhibits ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature for annealing temperatures above 900 °C, accompanying the phase transition from tetragonal to monoclinic structure in ZrO2. The electronic structures are studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy, which suggest that the Fe3+ and Co2+/Co3+ mixing states are dominant in Fe and Co co-doped ZrO2.
Meta‐analysis: pioglitazone improves liver histology and fibrosis in patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Boettcher E. , Csako G. , Pucino F. , Wesley R. , Loomba R. 
Published: November 2011

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 66–75SummaryBackground  Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been used in the treatment of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the magnitude of treatment response associated with TZDs in improving liver histology in NASH has not been quantified systematically.Aim  To conduct a meta‐analysis of randomised, placebo‐controlled clinical trials (RPCTs) using pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in the treatment of NASH.Methods  Pubmed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 2010 were searched until September 2010 and four RPCTs were identified. Peto odds ratios (ORs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the efficacy of TZDs in improving liver histological parameters.Results  Four good quality RPCTs derived from three continents were included. The meta‐analysis showed that TZDs (n = 169) were significantly better than placebo (n = 165) in improving ballooning degeneration, lobular inflammation and steatosis with combined ORs of 2.11 (95% CI, 1.33–3.36), 2.58 (95% CI, 1.68–3.97) and 3.39 (95% CI, 2.19–5.25) respectively. The improvement in combined necroinflammation with TZD (n = 58) vs. placebo (n = 52) was also statistically significant (combined OR 6.52[95% CI, 3.03–14.06]), but improvement in fibrosis was not. When pioglitazone (n = 137) was analysed alone, the improvement in fibrosis with pioglitazone (n = 137) vs. placebo (n = 134) (combined OR 1.68 [95% CI, 1.02–2.77]) was statistically significant. The total body fat slightly decreased in the control, while it markedly and highly significantly increased with TZD treatment.Conclusions  Thiazolidinediones significantly improve ballooning degeneration, lobular inflammation, steatosis and combined necroinflammation in patients with NASH. Pioglitazone may improve fibrosis. Larger randomised, placebo‐controlled clinical trials are needed to examine the efficacy of thiazolidinediones in improving NASH fibrosis.
The attitudes of neonatal nurses towards extremely preterm infants
Authors: Gallagher Katie , Marlow Neil , Edgley Alison , Porock Davina 
Published: November 2011

gallagher k., marlow n., edgley a. & porock d. (2011) The attitudes of neonatal nurses towards extremely preterm infants. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(6), 1768–1779.AbstractAim.  The paper is a report of a study of the attitudes of neonatal nurses towards extremely preterm infants.Background.  Alongside advancing survival at extremely preterm gestational ages, ethical debates concerning the provision of invasive care have proliferated in light of the high morbidity. Despite nurses being the healthcare professionals who work closest with the infant and their family, their potential influence is usually ignored when determining how parents come to decisions about future care for their extremely premature infant.Methods.  A Q methodology was employed to explore the attitudes of neonatal nurses towards caring for extremely preterm infants. Data were collected between 2007 and 2008 and analysed using PQMethod and Card Content Analysis.Results.  Thirty‐six nurses from six neonatal units in the United Kingdom participated. Although there was consensus around the professional role of the nurse, when faced with the complexities of neonatal nursing three distinguishing factors emerged: the importance of parental choice in decision‐making, the belief that technology should be used to assess response to treatment, and the belief that healthcare professionals should undertake difficult decisions.Conclusion.  Neonatal nurses report unexpected difficulties in upholding their professionally defined role through highly complex and ever varied decision‐making processes. Recognition of individual attitudes to the care of extremely preterm infants and the role of the family in the face of difficult decisions should facilitate more open communication between the nurse and the parents and improve the experience of both the nurse and the family during these emotional situations.
Lack of health insurance in living kidney donors
Authors: Casagrande Lisette H. , Collins Sarah , Warren Abigail T. , Ommen Elizabeth S. 
Published: November 2011

Casagrande LH, Collins S, Warren AT, Ommen ES. Lack of health insurance in living kidney donors.  Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2011.01558.x.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Living donors are recommended to receive lifelong routine health maintenance after donation. There has been little examination of health insurance status among living donors, despite the fact that lack of health insurance is likely to impede donors’ ability to obtain long‐term healthcare post‐donation. We performed a retrospective chart review for all living kidney donors at our institution between 2004 and 2008 to determine insurance status, demographic, socioeconomic, and basic health characteristics. Twenty‐three percent of donors were uninsured at the time of donation. Odds of being uninsured were significantly lower in donors who were older than 40 yr of age or who had at least a college education, and significantly higher in donors who were non‐white, non‐English‐speaking, or non‐US citizens. Odds of being uninsured did not differ according to whether donors were obese, hypertensive, or smokers. On multivariate analysis, only non‐white race, non‐US citizenship, and education level less than a college degree were associated with lack of insurance. Lack of health insurance is more prevalent in living kidney donors than in the general US population. Its disproportionate impact on minorities, non‐citizens, and the less well educated is greater than that in the general population.
Pancreas transplantation after bariatric surgery
Authors: Porubsky Marian , Powelson John A. , Selzer Don J. , Mujtaba Muhammad A. , Taber Tim , Carnes Katerine L. , Fridell Jonathan A. 
Published: November 2011

Porubsky M, Powelson JA, Selzer DJ, Mujtaba MA, Taber T, Carnes KL, Fridell JA. Pancreas transplantation after bariatric surgery.  Clin Transplant 2012: 26: E1–E6.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Obese transplant candidates are at increased risk for perioperative and postoperative complications. In many transplant programs, morbid obesity is considered to be an exclusion criterion for transplantation. The only potential option that would grant these patients access to transplant is weight loss. Non‐operative weight loss strategies such as behavioral modifications, exercise, diet, or medication have only very limited success in achieving long‐term weight loss. In contrast, bariatric surgery was shown to achieve not only more excessive weight loss, but more importantly, this weight loss can be sustained for longer periods of time. Therefore, bariatric surgery presents an attractive option for weight loss for morbidly obese transplant candidates. We report our experience with four patients who underwent bariatric surgery prior to successful pancreas transplantation. Even though gastric bypass and laparoscopic adjustable gastric band present as equivalent alternatives for weight reduction, we believe that in the population of morbidly obese diabetic patients who are possible candidates for pancreas transplantation, laparoscopic adjustable gastric band placement is the more suitable procedure.
Life‐threatening anaphylaxis to leuprorelin acetate depot: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Fujisaki Akira , Kondo Yoshimasa , Goto Kentaro , Morita Tatsuo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGonadotropin‐releasing hormone analog depots have been widely used for a variety of diseases including prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometriosis, uterine leiomyomas, and central precocious puberty. Most of the side/adverse effects of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analog depots, such as leuprorelin acetate depot, are related to hypotestosteronism in males. Anaphylaxis to gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analog depot is extremely rare. We present the first case report of a Japanese man who developed anaphylaxis to leuprorelin acetate depot during the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer and recovered successfully by conservative treatment. A drug‐lymphocyte stimulation test showed that not only leuprorelin acetate itself, but also its vehicle polylactic and glycolic acids, might be responsible for the anaphylaxis to leuprorelin acetate depot. Because anaphylaxis can be lethal, the present case suggests that one should bear in mind the possibility of anaphylaxis in all patients who receive gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analog depot and monitor such patients carefully.
Is there still a place for the use of nerve stimulation?
Authors: Dillane Derek , Tsui Ban C. H. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe introduction of nerve stimulation as a method of nerve localization sparked a new beginning in regional anesthesia. It was an epochal development akin to the utilization of ultrasound in more recent times. Many experts now consider ultrasound‐guided peripheral nerve blockade to be more efficient, less painful, and more successful than landmark and nerve stimulation techniques. However, inadvertent intraneural injection continues to occur despite the widespread use of ultrasound and nerve stimulation. Both of these technologies allow for only limited elucidation of needle position relative to the target nerve and are unable to reliably identify intraneural position of the needle. This article will review the role of nerve stimulation in modern regional anesthesia techniques in light of the introduction of ultrasound technology.
Bipartite Polar Classification for Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ling , Lee Tung‐Ying , Chen Bing‐Yu , Lai Shang‐Hong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we propose bipartite polar classification to augment an input unorganized point set ℘ with two disjoint groups of points distributed around the ambient space of ℘ to assist the task of surface reconstruction. The goal of bipartite polar classification is to obtain a space partitioning of ℘ by assigning pairs of Voronoi poles into two mutually invisible sets lying in the opposite sides of ℘ through direct point set visibility examination. Based on the observation that a pair of Voronoi poles are mutually invisible, spatial classification is accomplished by carving away visible exterior poles with their counterparts simultaneously determined as interior ones. By examining the conflicts of mutual invisibility, holes or boundaries can also be effectively detected, resulting in a hole‐aware space carving technique. With the classified poles, the task of surface reconstruction can be facilitated by more robust surface normal estimation with global consistent orientation and off‐surface point specification for variational implicit surface reconstruction. We demonstrate the ability of the bipartite polar classification to achieve robust and efficient space carving on unorganized point clouds with holes and complex topology and show its application to surface reconstruction.
A Graph‐based Approach to Continuous Line Illustrations with Variable Levels of Detail
Authors: Wong Fernando J. , Takahashi Shigeo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper introduces a method for automatically generating continuous line illustrations, drawings consisting of a single line, from a given input image. Our approach begins by inferring a graph from a set of edges extracted from the image in question and obtaining a path that traverses through all edges of the said graph. The resulting path is then subjected to a series of post‐processing operations to transform it into a continuous line drawing. Moreover, our approach allows us to manipulate the amount of detail portrayed in our line illustrations, which is particularly useful for simplifying the overall illustration while still retaining its most significant features. We also present several experimental results to demonstrate that our approach can automatically synthesize continuous line illustrations comparable to those of some contemporary artists.
Intelligent GPGPU Classification in Volume Visualization: A framework based on Error‐Correcting Output Codes
Authors: Escalera S. , Puig A. , Amoros O. , Salamó M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn volume visualization, the definition of the regions of interest is inherently an iterative trial‐and‐error process finding out the best parameters to classify and render the final image. Generally, the user requires a lot of expertise to analyze and edit these parameters through multi‐dimensional transfer functions. In this paper, we present a framework of intelligent methods to label on‐demand multiple regions of interest. These methods can be split into a two‐level GPU‐based labelling algorithm that computes in time of rendering a set of labelled structures using the Machine Learning Error‐Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) framework. In a pre‐processing step, ECOC trains a set of Adaboost binary classifiers from a reduced pre‐labelled data set. Then, at the testing stage, each classifier is independently applied on the features of a set of unlabelled samples and combined to perform multi‐class labelling. We also propose an alternative representation of these classifiers that allows to highly parallelize the testing stage. To exploit that parallelism we implemented the testing stage in GPU‐OpenCL. The empirical results on different data sets for several volume structures shows high computational performance and classification accuracy.
Optimized Topological Surgery for Unfolding 3D Meshes
Authors: Takahashi Shigeo , Wu Hsiang‐Yun , Saw Seow Hui , Lin Chun‐Cheng , Yen Hsu‐Chun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractConstructing a 3D papercraft model from its unfolding has been fun for both children and adults since we can reproduce virtual 3D models in the real world. However, facilitating the papercraft construction process is still a challenging problem, especially when the shape of the input model is complex in the sense that it has large variation in its surface curvature. This paper presents a new heuristic approach to unfolding 3D triangular meshes without any shape distortions, so that we can construct the 3D papercraft models through simple atomic operations for gluing boundary edges around the 2D unfoldings. Our approach is inspired by the concept of topological surgery, where the appearance of boundary edges of the unfolded closed surface can be encoded using a symbolic representation. To fully simplify the papercraft construction process, we developed a genetic‐based algorithm for unfolding the 3D mesh into a single connected patch in general, while optimizing the usage of the paper sheet and balance in the shape of that patch. Several examples together with user studies are included to demonstrate that the proposed approach works well for a broad range of 3D triangular meshes.
Authoring Hierarchical Road Networks
Authors: Galin Eric , Peytavie Adrien , Guérin Eric , Beneš Bedřich 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe present a procedural method for generating hierarchical road networks connecting cities, towns and villages over large terrains. Our approach relies on an original geometric graph generation algorithm based on a non‐Euclidean metric combined with a path merging algorithm that creates junctions between the different types of roads. Unlike previous work, our method allows high level user control by manipulating the density and the pattern of the network. The geometry of the highways, primary and secondary roads as well as the interchanges and intersections are automatically created from the graph structure by instantiating generic parameterized models.
‘Stop the ECJ’?: An Empirical Analysis of Activism at the Court
Authors: Solanke Iyiola 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article uses a disaggregated approach to study the role of the Advocate General in the European Court of Justice (CJ). It presents original empirical material based upon interviews with Advocates General (AsG) and referendaires at the CJ to assess the question of activism at the Court. Using answers to specific questions, I conclude that while the AsG are entrepreneurs, neither they nor the Court can be described as ‘activist’per se.
Direct Concern in Regional Policy: The European Court of Justice and the Southern Question
Authors: Caruso Daniela 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFor a few years, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has declared inadmissible, for lack of direct concern, a number of annulment actions initiated by sub‐state actors in the context of regional policy. This article compares the ECJ's holdings with the General Court's more generous application of the ‘direct concern’ standard in some of the same disputes, and argues in favour of the General Court's approach. The cases hereby analysed pertain to the implementation of structural funds in Southern Italy. Relating regional policy to the historical unfolding of the ‘Southern Question’, this article examines the unexpected opportunity for civic and administrative renewal brought by regional policy to Italy's South in the late 1990s, and links standing for sub‐state actors to the long‐term realisation of that opportunity. It further argues that a more direct judicial involvement with territorial policies would prompt taxonomic renewal in EU law as a discipline.
A novel mutation of CYLD in a Chinese family with multiple familial trichoepithelioma
Authors: Ying Z.‐X. , Ma H.‐Q. , Liu Y. , Xiao S.‐X. , Wang Y.‐X. , Wang G.‐X. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  Trichoepithelioma is a benign cutaneous tumour that originates from hair follicles and occurs either as a sporadic non‐familial or a multiple‐familial type. Recently, several mutations in the cylindromatosis (CYLD) gene have been reported in multiple familial trichoepithelioma (MFT).Objectives  To report a Chinese family of MFT and to explore the genetic mutation.Methods  A Chinese pedigree of typical MFT was subjected to mutation detection in CYLD. Direct sequencing of all PCR products of the whole coding regions of CYLD gene was performed to identify the mutation.Results  The c.1178‐1179delCA (p.T393fs) mutation was found in CYLD gene in the affected members, but not in the healthy individuals in the family.Conclusion  Our study found a novel mutation in exon 10 of CYLD gene.