Sex Dependent Exacerbation of Salt Sensitive Hypertension and Cardiac Dysfunction Is Associated With Upregulation of miRNA Targeting ADAM17 and ACE2 in the Brain
Authors: Xia Huijing , Scarborough Amy , Mir Hasan N. , Lazartigues Eric 
Published: May 2024

Background: The DOCA-salt model has been widely used to study salt-sensitive hypertension and we previously reported that it is associated with ADAM17-mediated ACE2 shedding in the central nervous system. However, previously reported data are mainly from male mice, and it is unclear whether female mice exhibit the same phenotypes. Objective: We aimed to compare sex specific development of salt sensitive hypertension and cardiac dysfunction and investigate miRNA regulation associated with these changes. Methods: C57 mice (male and females, n = 8 -15) underwent uninephrectomy and telemetry implantation (DSI Inc.) for blood pressure (BP) conscious recording. After baseline recording, a DOCA pellet (50 mg, 21 days, Innovative Research of America) was implanted subcutaneously and drinking water was replaced by 1% NaCl solution to induce salt sensitive hypertension. Cerebral Spinal fluid (CSF) was collected at baseline and after 3 weeks of DOCA-salt treatment for exosome miRNA sequencing (Creative Biolab). In another set of mice, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography (Visualsonics Vevo F2) and invasive left ventricular hemodynamics (Transonic). Mortality from each group was analyzed as well. Results: Baseline BP was not different between male and female mice. Following DOCA-salt treatment for 3 weeks, BP was increased in both sexes, with higher systolic BP observed in males compared to females (active phase: 173.0 ± 19.6 vs. 154.2 ± 19.1 mmHg, p<0.05). Although ejection fraction was not changed in either male or female mice, mitral peak early diastolic filling velocity and tissue doppler showed that E/E’ was increased in both sexes compared to baselines (Male: 33.4 ± 4 vs. 26.6 ± 1.9; Female: 30.3 ± 5.0 vs. 26.4 ± 4), with a greater increase in males (25.3% vs. 14.4%). In addition, hemodynamics revealed increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (11.1 ± 1.9 vs. 4.5 ± 0.5 mmHg, p<0.01) and relaxation time constant Tau (6.7 ± 1.0 vs. 4.9 ± 0.5 msec, p<0.01) in DOCA-salt treated males compared to non-treated controls, with no changes shown in female mice. These data suggest worsened cardiac diastolic function in males compared to females following DOCA-salt treatment. Moreover, a 20% mortality was observed in males while no death occured in females, confirming a more severe phenotype in males. Furthermore, miRNAseq analysis of CSF exosomes showed several upregulated miRNA in males but not in females following DOCA-salt treatment. Notably, miR206 associated with increased ADAM17 activity was increased by 8-fold in males but only 3-fold n females. Conclusion: DOCA-salt treatment promotes exacerbated hypertension, impaired cardiac function and mortality in a sex dependent manner, associated with upregulation of key miRNA targeting the brain renin-angiotensin system. The changes of ADAM17 and ACE2 targeted exosome miRNAs in the central nervous system might contribute to the sex difference in the cardiovascular dysfunction phenotypes in this model. This work was supported in part by a research grant from the National Institutes of Health (HL163588). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.