bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio with Glycemic Control: An Analytical Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Venugopal Aswath , Raj Sumesh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Poorly controlled diabetes is one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Neutrophil–Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a potential marker to predict inflammation. Many studies have shown it to be a predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in Type 2 diabetic patients. Our study was done to examine and establish a relationship between NLR and poor glycemic control and to examine whether a correlation exists between NLR and HbA1c.

Materials and Methods:
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 104 randomly selected Type 2 diabetic patients (39 females and 65 males). They were randomly divided into three groups based on glycemic control according to the American Diabetes Association criteria. Patients with HbA1c <7% as excellent control, HbA1c 7%–9% as poor control, and HbA1c >9% as worst control were considered. Total leukocyte count, fasting blood sugar (FBS), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and NLR were assessed.

Results:
Our study showed that the mean neutrophil count was significantly higher and the mean lymphocyte count was significantly lower in patients with the worst diabetic control. NLR was also significantly higher in patients with worse diabetic control. However, our study did not find any statistically significant correlation between total leukocyte count and glycemic control. Mean LDL and mean FBS were also significantly higher in patients with the worst diabetic control.

Conclusions:
Increased NLR was associated with high HbA1c and poor glycemic control. Thus, NLR can be used as a tool in follow-up of Type 2 diabetic patients and as a predictor of poor glycemic control and adverse cardiovascular events.
Agreement between IOLMaster 700 and Pentacam AXL for IOL power measurement in patients with high myopia
Authors: Budiman Budiman , Knoch Andrew M H , Boesoirie Shanti F , Budiman Nadia K , Irfani Irawati , Sugiarti Emmy D , Musa Ine R 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
The anterior segment in individuals with high myopia has different features compared to those without myopia. IOLMaster 700 and Oculus Pentacam AXL are two accurate optical biometers. Both devices measure the cornea differently and thus yield different results when measuring intraocular lens (IOL) power. The purpose of this study is to assess the agreement of the IOL power calculation between IOLMaster 700 and Oculus Pentacam AXL in patients with high myopia.

Methods:
A prospective, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the agreement between the IOL power calculation with IOLMaster 700 and Oculus Pentacam AXL. In this study, 44 eyes were examined using Oculus Pentacam AXL and IOLMaster 700, and IOL power was calculated using the Barret Universal II formula and the AMO Sensar AR40E. The Bland–Altman plot was used to evaluate the agreement between the two devices.

Results:
Based on the IOLMaster 700 examination, 44 eyes with high myopia had axial lengths ranging from 26.05 to 34.02 mm. The mean IOL power was 8.26 ± 4.755 and 8.58 ± 4.776 based on IOLMaster 700 and Oculus Pentacam AXL, respectively. The Bland–Altman plot revealed good agreement between the two devices, with a mean difference of −0.3182 in the IOL power calculation and a 95% LoA of 0.88099–0.24462 with a 95% confidence interval.

Conclusion:
Both devices showed good agreement in the IOL power calculation in patients with high myopia.
Biological encirclage–Traboulsi syndrome
Authors: Beniwal Abhijeet , Bafna Rahul Kumar , Roop Prakhyat , Lata Suman , Sharma Namrata 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Traboulsi syndrome is a sporadic autosomal recessive disorder. Very few cases reported and no surgical treatment has been described.

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to describe the surgical treatment of a case of Traboulsi syndrome with intercalary staphyloma.

Synopsis:
Traboulsi syndrome[1-3] is a type of spontaneous filtering bleb. The case was of a 31-year-old lady with a flat anterior chamber and large intercalary staphyloma, with a subluxated clear lens. Liberal peritomy was done. The staphyloma was cut and the displaced lens was delivered through it. It was closed with 7-0 vicryl continuous suture. A cross-linked cornea was used after removing the Descemet membrane. It was modified to match the crescentic shape of the limbus by using 11 and 6 mm trephine. Two wedge-shaped defects were created and tissue was excised between them, which were then sutured to increase the arc radius. A peripheral flange at the corneal edge was created. A pocket was created in the host cornea to accommodate the donor corneal flange. The donor cornea was tucked in and the graft was sutured. The sclera was used to suture another side prophylactically, making a 360-degree encirclage. The patient got ambulatory vision postsurgery. The use of the cornea as biological encirclage has not been described previously.

Highlights:
Using a cross-linked cornea. Creating wedge-shaped defects in crescentic corneal graft to increase arc radius. Use of cornea as encirclage.

Link of video:
https://youtu.be/T3b5rkvFmlc
Clinicopathological profile of ependymomas with special reference to survival data – Experiences of a tertiary care center’
Authors: Basu Tista , Das Mou , Debnath Rajarshi , Bala Aishi , Chatterjee Uttara , Ghosh Subhasis 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Ependymomas exhibit heterogeneity across age, location, histology, molecular nature and survival suggestive of an epigenetic component in its pathogenesis. The CNS WHO classification (2021) classifies ependymomas based on DNA methylation profiles. Studies suggest that molecular sub-types remain stable throughout the course of disease. Immunohistochemical expression of L1CAM, has been identified as a surrogate marker for ZFTA/c11orf95-RELA fusion in supratentorial ependymomas. This study aims at realising its utility specially in resource-poor setups.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-three histopathologically-proven cases of ependymoma under treatment over the period of three years were selected. Histopathological examination followed by routine IHC staining for GFAP, S-100, EMA and Ki-67 in all cases and L1CAM in the supratentorial ependymomas was done. We have followed-up almost all cases during our study period and was correlated with the IHC expression patterns and clinico-pathological parameters, including survival.

Results:
In our study the commonest location for ependymomas was spine in adults and posterior fossa in pediatric age group. Majority cases belonged to CNS WHO Grade 2 both in adults and in the paediatric age group. Supratentorial location of ependymomas with positive immuno-reactivity for L1CAM and a higher Ki-67 labelling index were associated with poor survival.

Conclusion:
Our study revealed that L1CAM is an effective surrogate marker for supratentorial ependymomas possibly carrying the ZFTA Fusion gene product. The L1CAM immuno-reactivity also corresponded with the survival data. However, larger population-based studies are required to validate these results further.
Prevalence of Misophonia and Its Characteristics among Amity University Students in India
Authors: Yadav Neha , Aryal Sajana , Gupta Deepak Kumar , Kaushik Chittranshi , Prabhu Prashanth 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
Misophonia is a disorder characterized by decreased tolerance to specific sound stimuli. The main aim of our study is to investigate the prevalence of misophonia and its nature among Amity University students in India.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional design study was conducted among Amity University students via the online survey. A revised version of the Amsterdam Misophonia Scale was distributed among university students. SPSS software version 25.0 was used for the statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics and a Chi-square test were done to see the association among variables.

Results:
The data were collected from 607 university students. Our study showed the prevalence of clinically significant misophonia to be 17.63% among university students. The result showed that the sounds produced by the human mouth, such as chewing and swallowing, are the most common triggers for misophonia. The Chi-square test result showed a significant association between gender, family history, and occurrence of misophonia.

Conclusion:
Our study concludes that misophonia is a highly prevalent disorder in the Indian population which could significantly impact the sufferers’ quality of life. The assessment protocol and treatment approaches available for misophonia and its efficacy are relatively unclear. Our study’s findings may be the guiding tool to develop better assessment and management protocols for helping individuals suffering from misophonia.
Otomycosis in Patients Attending a Tertiary Health-care Institution in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Yabo Umar Sufiyanu , Robert Iseh Kufre , Muhammad Yahaya , Giro Abubakar Musa 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Otomycosis is a superficial fungal infection of the external auditory canal (EAC). The hot, humid, and dusty environment of the tropics and subtropics makes otomycosis more prevalent in these regions. It can be acute or chronic, and usually manifest by aural pruritus, aural fullness, otalgia, otorrhea, tinnitus, and hearing loss.

Aim/Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of etiological agents of otomycosis in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional tertiary hospital-based study. One hundred patients with symptoms of otomycosis were recruited from the ENT outpatient clinic of UDUTH Sokoto. Swabs from the ears were taken and evaluated for fungal agents, sociodemographic factors, symptomatology, and risk factors were analyzed. Data analysis was performed with IBM-SPSS 25.0.

Results:
The patient’s age range of 4–57 years (mean of 18.78 ± 10.67) years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.1; about 124 ear exudates were analyzed, in 75 (60.5%) of ear discharge, 7 different varieties of fungi were isolated, while in 49 (39.5%), there was no fungal growth on culture. The etiological agents found in our study were Aspergillus niger 30 (40.0%) was the most commonly isolated fungi in this study, followed by Candida albicans 25 (33.3%), Aspergillus fumigatus 5 (6.7%), Mucor 5 (6.7%), Penicillium 4 (5.3%), Aspergillus flavus 3 (4.0%), and Rhizopus 3 (4.0%) with A. niger as the most predominant.

Conclusion:
Otomycosis affects all age groups and both sexes, could be asymptomatic and if left untreated may result to morbidity. Mycological studies should be carried out on all patients with symptoms Otomycosis, this guide to proper management of the disease.
Coping Strategies and Depression among Male Inmates of a Nigerian Correctional Facility: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Audu Alexander Adam , Okafor Chidi John , Udofia Owoidoho , Essien Emmanuel Aniekan , Edet Bassey Eyo , Olose Emmanuel Omamurhomu 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Researchers have consistently found higher rates of mental illnesses, especially depression, in prison populations compared to the general population. Even though specific coping strategies have been implicated as a factor influencing the mental well-being of inmates, little is known about this interplay in resource-poor settings. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between coping strategies and depression among inmates of a prison in Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a two-stage cross-sectional study involving 269 inmates of Calabar Prison, Nigeria. Participants were administered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Coping Strategies Inventory-Short Form, and the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Respondents who scored ≥3 on the GHQ-12 together with 10% of low scorers proceeded to the second stage for an interview using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview.

Results:
The prevalence of depression among study participants was 30.5%. Emotion-focused disengagement coping strategies (odds ratio [OR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.20) and a history of mental illness before imprisonment (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.34–8.57) significantly predicted depression, whereas problem-focused engagement was protective (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98).

Conclusion:
Compared to the general population, depression is more common among prison inmates and is associated with using specific coping strategies. Coping strategies deserve increasing consideration when planning mental health intervention programs for this population.
Stature Estimation Using Hand and Foot Metrics among the Meena Tribal Population of the North-western Indian Region
Authors: Kataria Suraj , Dechalwal Shivani , Shedge Rutwik , Devi Naorem Kiranmala , Sachdeva Mohinder P. , Jain Sonal 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Studies on stature estimation models for North West Indian populations are limited. The present study attempts to develop stature estimation models for the Indian population using hand and foot dimensions.

Materials and Methods:
Hand and foot measurements of 280 individuals (140 males and 140 females) were recorded for the estimation of stature in the present study. The stature and nine hand and foot anthropometric measurements were obtained using standard methods and relevant landmarks. For bilateral and sex differences, independent and paired t-tests were used to statistically analyze the data.

Results:
The findings showed statistically significant sex differences (P < 0.05) in stature, foot, and hand measurements. However, there were no significant bilateral differences. The Pearson correlation coefficient assessed the association between stature and hand/foot measurements. All the studied parameters in both sexes demonstrated a statistically significant (P < 0.001) and strong positive correlation with stature. Males and females had the strongest correlation coefficients for right-foot length (r = 0.70) and right-hand length (r = 0.64), respectively. Each sex’s regression equations were calculated separately. Stature predictions were accurate to within 4.02–6.64 cm.

Conclusion:
Stature estimated from hand and foot measurements can help in personal identification by creating an individual’s biological profile. Morphological differences in feet and hands demonstrate the significance of developing ethnic group-specific models to determine stature. According to the study’s findings, the stature of a person belonging to the Indian subcontinent can be estimated using hands and feet for anthropological and forensic purposes.
The effectiveness of training mothers with regard to pediculosis preventive behavior among school students: A Protection Motivation Theory study
Authors: Mohammadpour Roghayeh , Mohebi Siamak , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl , Gholamrezaee-Sarvelat Zeynab , Ahangari Roghaye , Oskouei Alireza Omidi 
Published: June 2024

Background & objectives:
Lice infestation is considered as a reemerging problem as well as a health challenge. Based on Protection Motivation Theory, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of training mothers in regard to pediculosis preventive behavior among school students.

Methods:
In a critical trial, 180 mothers of primary school daughters were assessed in two study groups in the Iranian city of Qom in 2021. They received training intervention in a course of four ninety-minute sessions during four weeks. After six months, the post-test questionnaire and the checklist were completed by them. The data were gathered using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Finally, data analysis was performed using SPSS 20.

Results:
After the training intervention, a significant difference was observed within the intervention group in scores of the prevention motivation constructs (P<0.001). Besides, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the preventive behavior of the mothers and daughters in the intervention group before the training intervention and six months after it (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was seen before and after the intervention in the control group (P>0.05). Additionally, no significant differences were observed between the intervention and control groups (P<0.001) in terms of comparing the mean score differences of all the constructs of protection motivation theory, the mothers’ behavior and the daughters’ behavior checklist.

Interpretation & conclusion:
The results indicate the effectiveness of training mothers based on Protection Motivation Theory in regard to pediculosis. Therefore, it seems that in developing training programs, utilizing this theory could prove useful to bring about changes in the individuals’ behavior regarding the prevention of pediculosis.
Structure-based virtual screening study for identification of potent insecticides against Anopheles gambiae to combat the malaria
Authors: Helmi Nawal 
Published: June 2024

Background & objectives:
Vector-borne infectious diseases contribute significantly to global mortality, with over 700,000 annual deaths, and malaria alone accounts for more than 400,000 of these fatalities. Anopheles gambiae, a prominent mosquito species, serves as a primary vector for transmitting malaria to humans. To address this issue, researchers have identified the D1-like dopamine receptor (DAR), specifically DOP2, as a promising target for developing new insecticides.

Methods:
The three-dimensional structure of DOP2 from A. gambiae was unavailable; in-silico approach was used to model and validate DOP2 structure. The Discovery Studio 2021 program was used to identify potential binding sites on DOP2. Virtual screening of 235 anti-parasitic compounds was performed against DOP2 using PyRx 0.8.

Results:
The screening demonstrated strong binding and interactions with active site residues of DOP2 for five compounds: Diclazuril, Kaempferol, Deracoxib, Clindamycin, and Diaveridine. These compounds exhibited higher binding affinity values compared to the control (Asenapine). In addition, the predicted physiochemical properties for these compounds were within acceptable ranges and there were no violations in drug-likeness properties.

Interpretation & conclusion:
These compounds show promise as potential new insecticides targeting A. gambiae mosquito by inhibiting the DOP2 protein. However, additional experimental validation is required to optimize their efficacy as DOP2 inhibitors.
Establishment and mass breeding of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Pshychodidae) in Orzouieh county in Kerman Province, Southeast of Iran
Authors: Aghaei-Afshar Abass , Shirani-Bidabadi Leila , sharifi Iraj , Khosravi Ahmad , Alizadeh Ismaeil , Amiri ZahraSadat , Gorouhi Mohammad-Amin 
Published: June 2024

Background & objectives:
Sandflies are important carriers of Leishmania parasites. Leishmaniasis, spread by sandfly vectors, is a major public health problem worldwide particularly in the tropics and the subtropics. The parasite transmission capacity of vectors, life cycle of parasites in the body of vectors, disease transmission, and the physiology and behavior of carrier vectors can be extensively studied by establishing insect colonies in the insectarium. In addition, response of vectors to repellents and insecticides, mating behaviors, blood feeding habits, interaction between parasites, and vectors, and taxonomic studies can be investigated by establishing insect colonies. The goal of the present study was to establish a colony of Phlebotomus papatasi in the insectarium in a zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area in Kerman Province of Iran.

Methods:
The Killick-Kendrick and Killick-Kendrick method (1991) was used for individual rearing and the volf and volfa (2011) method was used for mass rearing of the collected sandflies. The larvae were fed by a diet with liver powder, which is the recommended diet for Phlebotomus papatasi larvae. Adult sandflies were allowed to feed on BALB/c mice blood in the laboratory.

Results:
Eighty sandflies specimens (75 female + 5 male) were collected with aspirator and reared for f1 and f2 generations in the laboratory.

Interpretation & conclusion:

Phlebotomus sandflies were colonized in laboratory condition. Then sandflies successfully maintained for the first time as a laboratory species in Kerman Province.
Independent Risk Factors of Failed Extubation among Adult Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Observational Study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Ali Aqeel Hamad , Alraeyes Khalid Abdullah , Julkarnain Princess Rhea , Lakshmanan Arul Prasath , Alobaid Alzahra , Aljoni Ahmed Yahya , Saleem Nada Hadi , Al Odat Mohammed Ali , Aletreby Waleed Tharwat 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Mechanical ventilation provides essential support for critically ill patients in several diagnoses; however, extubation failure can affect patient outcomes. From Saudi Arabia, no study has assessed the factors associated with extubation failure in adults.

Methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted in the intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Adult patients who had been mechanically ventilated via the endotracheal tube for a minimum of 24 hours and then extubated according to the weaning protocol were included. Failed extubation was defined as reintubation within 48 hours of extubation.

Results:
A total of 505 patients were included, of which 72 patients had failed extubation (14.3%, 95% CI: 11.4%–17.7%). Compared with the failed extubation group, the successfully extubated group had significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (mean difference: −2.6 days, 95% CI: −4.3 to −1; P = 0.001), a slower respiratory rate at the time of extubation (mean difference: −2.3 breath/min, 95% CI: −3.8 to −1; P = 0.0005), higher pH (mean difference: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.001–0.04; P = 0.03), and more patients with strong cough (percent difference: 17.7%, 95% CI: 4.8%–30.5%; P = 0.02). Independent risk factors of failed extubation were age (aOR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.002–1.03; P = 0.03), respiratory rate (aOR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.1; P = 0.008), duration of mechanical ventilation (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03 – 1.1; P < 0.001), and pH (aOR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.0006–0.5; P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
Older age, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, faster respiratory rate, and lower pH were found to be independent risk factors that significantly increased the odds of extubation failure among adults.