bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design simulations for a biogas purification process using aqueous amine solutions
Authors: Gawel Richard 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUsing the simulation program CHEMCAD, performance characteristics, design optimization, and costs of an absorption/stripping system used to purify 100 kg h−1 of biogas in a biogas power plant were investigated. Potential absorbents used in the chemical absorption process were the following aqueous solutions: pure diglycolamine, diglycolamine/piperazine, and diglycolamine/methyldiethanolamine/piperazine. Mixtures for agricultural biogas purification to below 1 vol. % of CO2 and 4 × 10−4 mass % of H2S were determined via a simulation in the above mentioned program. The chosen mixtures were then entered into an absorption/desorption system and simulations for each unit were provided by CHEMCAD. From the simulation results, the design parameters were calculated and entered into each unit’s “cost estimation” section in the aforementioned program to estimate the purchase costs of the apparatuses. Taking into account the installation, maintenance, as well as other additional costs, the actual machine purchase costs were multiplied by the Lang factor. Costs of additional streams were also calculated by multiplying the ten-year utility losses by their respective cost factors. From these calculations, the absorbent mixture, allowing biogas production at the lowest estimated costs for ten years, was found.
N,N′-methylenedipyridinium Pt(II) and Pt(IV) hybrid salts: synthesis, crystal and molecular structures of [(C5H5N)2CH2] · [PtCl4] and [(C5H5N)2CH2] · [PtCl6]
Authors: Al-Ktaifani Mahmoud , Rukiah Mwaffak 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe highly insoluble organic-inorganic hybrid ionic compounds N,N′-methylenedipyridinium tetrachloroplatinate(II) [(C5H5N)2CH2] · [PtCl4] and N,N′-methylenedipyridinium hexachloroplatinate(IV) [(C5H5N)2CH2] · [PtCl6] were obtained by the treatment of N,N′-methylenedipyridinium dichloride monohydrate [(C5H5N)2CH2]Cl2 · H2O with K2[PtCl4] or (NH4)2[PtCl6], respectively, in an aqueous solution. Both complexes were isolated, purified, characterised by elemental analysis, and their molecular structures were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of both compounds consists of separated discrete dications [(C5H5N)2CH2]2+ and anions [PtCln]2− (n = 4 or 6). As anticipated, the dications formed a butterfly shape consisting of two pyridine rings bound to the methylene group via their N atoms, while the Pt centre had a square planar geometry in [(C5H5N)2CH2] · [PtCl4] and an octahedral coordination in [(C5H5N)2CH2] · [PtCl6]. Interestingly, both crystal structures are stabilised by intermolecular C-H…Cl non-standard hydrogen bonds, π-π ring interactions between two pyridine rings of adjacent dications, and also by Cl-π interactions.
A context management architecture for m-commerce applications
Authors: Poulcheria Benou , Costas Vassilakis 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMobile commerce applications operate in highly dynamic environments with diverse characteristics and interesting challenges. The characteristics and conditions of these environments -called context-, can be exploited to provide adaptive mobile services, in terms of user interface, functionality and content, in order to offer more effective m-commerce. Today, building adaptive mobile services is a complex and time-consuming task due to the lack of standardized methods, tools and architectures for the identification, representation and management of the context. Addressing some of these issues, recent works have provided formal extensions for various stages of the m-commerce application lifecycle, such as extended UML class diagrams for building design models and have used context parameters in order to offer adaptive applications. Using these works as the basis, in this paper we propose a context management architecture, which accommodates the requirements that have been identified for m-commerce applications. The proposed architecture is evaluated in terms of completeness, complexity, performance and utility, and compared against other approaches proposed in the literature regarding its suitability for supporting context-aware m-commerce applications.
Centric diatoms of large rivers and tributaries in Hungary: morphology and biogeographic distribution
Authors: Kiss Keve T. , Klee Rolf , Ector Luc , Ács Éva 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCentric diatoms of 107 different Hungarian running waters were investigated. Among them the largest was the River Danube, from which more than one hundred plankton samples were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Only one sample was analysed from creeks, which were the smallest running waters analysed in this study. There were also channels with slow currents flowing out of rivers or connecting different rivers. In total, 41 centric taxa belonging to 11 genera were found during this study. The average number of taxa found in a single watercourse was 7, the maximum 40 and the minimum 1.Cyclotella meneghinianawas the most frequently encountered species (present in 60% of sites). Twelve taxa were found in more than 20% of sites, 7 taxa between 5-10% and 6 taxa only in one site.
Dietary therapy to promote neuroprotection in chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Holly Langston T. , Blaskiewicz Donald , Wu Aiguo , Feng Cameron , Ying Zhe , Gomez-Pinilla Fernando 
Published: June 2012

Object
The pathogenesis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is related to both primary mechanical and secondary biological injury. The authors of this study explored a novel, noninvasive method of promoting neuroprotection in myelopathy by using curcumin to minimize oxidative cellular injury and the capacity of omega-3 fatty acids to support membrane structure and improve neurotransmission.

Methods
An animal model of CSM was created using a nonresorbable expandable polymer placed in the thoracic epidural space, which induced delayed myelopathy. Animals that underwent placement of the expandable polymer were exposed to either a diet rich in docosahexaenoic acid and curcumin (DHA-Cur) or a standard Western diet (WD). Twenty-seven animals underwent serial gait testing, and spinal cord molecular assessments were performed after the 6-week study period.

Results
At the conclusion of the study period, gait analysis revealed significantly worse function in the WD group than in the DHA-Cur group. Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), syntaxin-3, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were measured in the thoracic region affected by compression and lumbar enlargement. Results showed that BDNF levels in the DHA-Cur group were not significantly different from those in the intact animals but were significantly greater than in the WD group. Significantly higher lumbar enlargement syntaxin-3 in the DHA-Cur animals combined with a reduction in lipid peroxidation (4-HNE) indicated a possible healing effect on the plasma membrane.

Conclusions
Data in this study demonstrated that DHA-Cur can promote spinal cord neuroprotection and neutralize the clinical and biochemical effects of myelopathy.
Spreading of warm ocean waters around Greenland as a possible cause for glacier acceleration
Authors: Rignot E. , Fenty I. , Menemenlis D. , Xu Y. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe examine the pattern of spreading of warm subtropical-origin waters around Greenland for the years 1992–2009 using a high-resolution (4km horizontal grid) coupled ocean and sea-ice simulation. The simulation, provided by the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II (ECCO2) project, qualitatively reproduces the observed warming of subsurface waters in the subpolar gyre associated with changes of the North Atlantic atmospheric state that occurred in the mid-1990s. The modeled subsurface ocean temperature warmed by 1.5˚C in southeast and southwest Greenland during 1994–2005 and subsequently cooled by 0.5˚C; modeled subsurface ocean temperature increased by 2–2.5˚C in central and then northwest Greenland during 1997–2005 and stabilized thereafter, while it increased after 2005 by <0.5˚C in north Greenland. Comparisons with in situ measurements off the continental shelf in the Labrador and Irminger Seas indicate that the model initial conditions were 0.4˚C too warm in the south but the simulated warming is correctly reproduced; while measurements from eastern Baffin Bay reveal that the model initial conditions were 1.0˚C too cold in the northwest but the simulated ocean warming brought modeled temperature closer to observations, i.e. the simulated warming is 1.0˚C too large. At several key locations, the modeled oceanic changes off the shelf and below the seasonal mixed layer were rapidly transmitted to the shelf within troughs towards (model-unresolved) fjords. Unless blocked in the fjords by shallow sills, these warm subsurface waters had potential to propagate down the fjords and melt the glacier fronts. Based on model sensitivity simulations from an independent study (Xu and others, 2012), we show that the oceanic changes have very likely increased the subaqueous melt rates of the glacier fronts, and in turn impacted the rates of glacier flow.
Liberté individuelle et solidarités
Authors: Castel Robert 
Published: June 2012

Résumé L’indépendance et la liberté de l’individu existent parce qu’il est pris dans un système de protections collectives. Or cette forme d’équilibre a été profondément remise en question par la « crise » au début des années 1970. La mondialisation, la montée en puissance du « néo-libéralisme » ont imposé que les solidarités collectives soient désormais perçues comme des obstacles qui s’opposent au libre déploiement du marché et à la compétitivité des entreprises. Cette « grande transformation » (Karl Polanyi) a pour conséquence l’expansion de la précarité, la dynamique de fragmentation et de dissociation sociale. Dans ce climat, les toxicomanes sont parmi les populations les plus fragiles, les plus menacées d’exclusion dans nos sociétés.
Christoffel Functions and Universality in the Bulk for Multivariate Orthogonal Polynomials
Authors: Kroó A. , Lubinsky D. S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe establish asymptotics for Christoffel functions associated with multivariate orthogonal polynomials. The underlying measures are assumed to be regular on a suitable domain. In particular, this is true if they are positive a.e. on a compact set that admits analytic parametrization. As a consequence, we obtain asymptotics for Christoffel functions for measures on the ball and simplex under far more general conditions than previously known. As another consequence, we establish universality type limits in the bulk in a variety of settings.
On Weakly Tight Families
Authors: Raghavan Dilip , Steprāns Juris 
Published: June 2012

Abstract Using ideas from Shelah's recent proof that a completely separable maximal almost disjoint family exists when 𝔠 < ℵω, we construct a weakly tight family under the hypothesis 𝔰 ≤ 𝔟 < ℵω. The case when 𝔰 < 𝔟 is handled in ZFC and does not require 𝔟 < ℵω, while an additional PCF type hypothesis, which holds when 𝔟 < ℵω is used to treat the case 𝔰 = 𝔟. The notion of a weakly tight family is a natural weakening of the well-studied notion of a Cohen indestructible maximal almost disjoint family. It was introduced by Hrušák and García Ferreira [8], who applied it to the Katétov order on almost disjoint families.
On Multilinear Fourier Multipliers of Limited Smoothness
Authors: Grafakos Loukas , Miyachi Akihiko , Tomita Naohito 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this paper we prove a certain L2-estimate formultilinear Fouriermultiplier operators with multipliers of limited smoothness. As a consequence, we extend the result of Calderón and Torchinsky in the linear theory to the multilinear case. The sharpness of our results and some related estimates in Hardy spaces are also discussed.
Conjugacy Classes and Binary Quadratic Forms for the Hecke Groups
Authors: Hoang Giabao , Ressler Wendell 
Published: June 2012

Abstract.In this paper we give a lower bound with respect to block length for the trace of non-elliptic conjugacy classes of the Hecke groups. One consequence of our bound is that there are finitely many conjugacy classes of a given trace in anyHecke group. We show that another consequence of our bound is that class numbers are finite for related hyperbolic ℤ[λ]-binary quadratic forms. We give canonical class representatives and calculate class numbers for some classes of hyperbolic ℤ[λ]-binary quadratic forms.
Female Family Carers for Survivors of Stroke: Occupational Loss and Quality of Life
Authors: Kniepmann Kathy 
Published: June 2012

Purpose: This study examined activity changes in female carers for working-age husbands with mild to moderate stroke. It explored whether carers who reduced or quitted some of their valued activities had more burden and decreased health compared with other carers who continued their valued activities. Method: This was a cross-sectional, quantitative self-report study. The Activity Card Sort measured reduction or termination of valued activities as a potential indicator of secondary strains, such as role captivity, constricted social life and loss of self. Outcomes were health-related quality of life and burden. Findings: Eleven of the 20 participants reduced or quitted some of their valued activities. This change was labelled ‘occupational loss’. Several statistically significant differences were found: carers with occupational loss reported more primary stressors, higher levels of burden, less vitality and lower general mental health. No difference between groups was found for physical health. Conclusion: Data from this study suggest that occupational loss may be related to deleterious outcomes for family carers. Further investigation with a larger sample and longitudinal design could explore the nature of that relationship to guide occupational therapy with this population.
The Meaning of Participation in an Allotment Project for Fathers of Preschool Children
Authors: Mason Joanne , Conneeley Louise 
Published: June 2012

Introduction: Allotments are a popular setting for a range of therapeutic horticultural groups and are regarded as an effective way of encouraging social inclusion, although the mechanisms for this are poorly understood. Method: This study employed a qualitative methodology to explore the subjective meaning of an allotment group to its participants: the fathers of young children, living in a socially deprived area of the United Kingdom. Data were collected via a focus group with six participants. Findings: Allotment gardening was perceived as a masculine parenting activity and enabled fathers to develop stronger relationships with their children. They formed social bonds with other fathers and overcame the stigma and stereotypes of their background. Discussion: Allotment groups have the potential for improving social wellbeing through shared occupation and shared meaning. They are a useful resource for occupational therapists working with socially excluded or stigmatised clients. The importance of co-occupation in the attribution of meaning to occupations was also identified.
Política de avaliação da pós-graduação e suas consequências no trabalho docente
Authors: Costa Júnior Wercy Rodrigues , Bittar Mariluce 
Published: June 2012

Neste artigo, investigam-se as políticas de avaliação da pós-graduação e suas consequências no trabalho dos pesquisadores. A pesquisa fundamentou-se na abordagem qualitativa, incluindo a análise histórica e realização de entrevistas com professores dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) e da Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB). Os resultados indicam que as atuais políticas para a educação superior do país se encontram inseridas nessa estratégia de inclusão da economia brasileira às intensasmudanças que ocorrem na base produtiva do capitalismo em nível global, atingindo as políticas públicas para a pós-graduação. As mudanças no mundo do trabalho tiveram um impacto significativo marcado pela negatividade na natureza do trabalho docente da pós-graduação.
A Remote User Authentication Scheme with Anonymity for Mobile Devices
Authors: Shin Soobok , Kim Kangseok , Kim Ki-Hyung , Yeh Hongjin 
Published: June 2012

With the rapid growth of information technologies, mobile devices have been utilized in a variety of services such as e-commerce. When a remote server provides such e-commerce services to a user, it must verify the legitimacy of the user over an insecure communication channel. Therefore, remote user authentication has been widely deployed to verify the legitimacy of remote user login requests using mobile devices like smart cards. In this paper we propose a smart card-based authentication scheme that provides both user anonymity and mutual authentication between a remote server and a user. The proposed authentication scheme is a simple and efficient system applicable to the limited resource and low computing performance of the smart card. The proposed scheme provides not only resilience to potential attacks in the smart card-based authentication scheme, but also secure authentication functions. A smart card performs a simple one-way hash function, the operations of exclusive-or and concatenation in the authentication phase of the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme also provides user anonymity using a dynamic identity and key agreement, and secure password change.
The Fuzzy Logic Method for Simpler Forecasting
Authors: Jarrett Jeffrey E. , Plouffe Jeffrey S. 
Published: June 2012

Fildes and Makridakis (1998), Makridakis and Hibon (2000) , and Fildes (2001) indicate that simple extrapolative forecasting methods that are robust forecast equally as well or better than more complicated methods, i.e. Box-Jenkins and other methods. We study the Direct Set Assignment (DSA) extrapolative forecasting method. The DSA method is a non-linear extrapolative forecasting method developed within the Mamdani Development Framework, and designed to mimic the architecture of a fuzzy logic control system. We combine the DSA method Winters' Exponential smoothing. This combination provides the best observed forecast accuracy in seven of nine subcategories of time series, and is the top three in terms of observed accuracy in two subcategories. Hence, fuzzy logic which is the basis of the DSA method often is the best method for forecasting.
Si Nanocrystals Embedded in a Silicon Oxynitride Matrix
Authors: Ficcadenti Marco , Pinto Nicola , Morresi Lorenzo , Ferblantier Gérald , Carrada Marzia , Slaoui Abdelillah 
Published: June 2012

We investigated the morphological and structural change in silicon nanostructures embedded in the silicon oxynitride matrix. The study has been carried out on thin films thermally annealed at high temperature, after deposition at 400°C by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (ECR-PECVD), under different deposition parameters. Our study evidenced the existence of a well defined threshold for the silicon content in the film (around 47%), to get Si nano-crystallization in the silicon oxynitride matrix. Both Si nano-crystals and Si nano-columns have been observed by TEM analysis in two samples having a similar Si content but deposited under different conditions.
Nanoclustering in Silicon Induced by Oxygen Ions Implanted
Authors: Manno D. , Serra A. , Filippo E. , Rossi M. , Quarta G. , Maruccio L. , Calcagnile L. 
Published: June 2012

We report about the nanoclustering induced by oxygen-implantation in silicon. A tandem-type accelerator, with a maximum acceleration voltage of 3 MV, equipped with a sputtering ion source suitable for the production of high current ion beams by sputtering of solid cathodes has been used. The surface modifications and the structure of nanoclusters are investigated. The topographic images, obtained by scanning tunnelling microscope showed that the surface is covered with a dense array of tetragonal nanostructures oriented with respect to the substrate. Raman spectroscopy data allowed us to estimate an average cluster size of about 50 nm. Resistivity and Hall effect measurements evidenced that the electron transport in the implanted silicon samples is affected by the nanoclusters array and it could be explained by thermally activated hopping between localized states.
Does breeding a bulldog harm it? Breeding, ethics and harm to animals
Authors: Palmer C 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIt is frequently claimed that breeding animals that we know will have unavoidable health problems is at least prima facie wrong, because it harms the animals concerned. However, if we take ‘harm’ to mean ‘makes worse off’, this claim appears false. Breeding an animal that will have unavoidable health problems does not make any particular individual animal worse off, since an animal bred without such problems would be a different individual animal. Yet, the intuition that there is something ethically wrong about breeding animals — such as purebred pedigree dogs — in ways that seem negatively to affect welfare remains powerful. In this paper, an animal version of what is sometimes called the non-identity problem is explored, along with a number of possible ways of understanding what might be wrong with such breeding practices, if it is not that they harm the animal itself. These possibilities include harms to others, placeholder arguments, non-comparative ideas of harm, an ‘impersonal’ approach, and concerns about human attitudes and dispositions.
Analysis of MLL2 gene in the first Brazilian family with Kabuki syndrome
Authors: Kokitsu‐Nakata Nancy Mizue , Petrin Aline Lourenço , Heard Jason Paul , Vendramini‐Pittoli Siulan , Henkle Laura E , dos Santos Daniela Vera Cruz , Murray Jeffrey Clark , Richieri‐Costa Antonio 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMost patients with Kabuki syndrome (KS) are the only person in their family with the condition. However, familial cases of KS have been described showing evidence that this syndrome can be inherited as a dominant trait with variable expressivity. We report on two related individuals with facial findings characteristic of KS. The proposita had arched eyebrows, long and upward slanting palpebral fissures, cleft lip and palate, retromicrognathia, brachydactyly of hands and feet, stubby fingers, nail hypoplasia, and prominent finger pads. Her mother had eyebrows with dispersed lateral half, long and upward slanting palpebral fissures, retrognathia, abnormal and posteriorly rotated ears, prominent finger pads, brachydactyly of feet, learning difficulties, and psychomotor development delay. DNA sequencing revealed a novel missense mutation in the MLL2 gene in both the proposita and her mother. The mutation (p.R5432Q) was found in the exon 51, within the SET domain of the gene, which confers methyltransferase activity on the protein. Therefore, the epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory properties of this protein may be altered and this suggests that the mutation is the cause of phenotype observed in both the patient and her mother. The clinical signs and the molecular evidence in this family further support the notion that KS is an autosomal dominant condition with variable expressivity. To our knowledge this is the first report of a Brazilian family with recurrence of this syndrome. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.