bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prooxidant activity of fisetin: Effects on energy metabolism in the rat liver
Authors: Constantin Rodrigo Polimeni , Constantin Jorgete , Pagadigorria Clairce Luzia Salgueiro , Ishii‐Iwamoto Emy Luiza , Bracht Adelar , de Castro Cristiane Vizioli , Yamamoto Nair Seiko 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFlavonols, which possess the B‐catechol ring, as quercetin, are capable of producing o‐hemi‐ quinones and to oxidize NADH in a variety of mammalian cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether fisetin affects the liver energy metabolism and the mitochondrial NADH to NAD+ ratio. The action of fisetin on hepatic energy metabolism was investigated in the perfused rat liver and isolated mitochondria. In isolated mitochondria, fisetin decreased the respiratory control and ADP/O ratios with the substrates α‐ketoglutarate and succinate. In the presence of ADP, respiration of isolated mitochondria was inhibited with both substrates, indicating an inhibitory action on the ATP‐synthase. The stimulation of the ATPase activity of coupled mitochondria and the inhibition of NADH‐oxidase activity pointed toward a possible uncoupling action and the interference of fisetin with mitochondrial energy transduction mechanisms. In livers from fasted rats, fisetin inhibited ketogenesis from endogenous sources. The β‐hydroxybutyrate/ acetoacetate ratio, which reflects the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ redox ratio, was also decreased. In addition, fisetin (200 μM) increased the production of 14CO2 from exogenous oleate. The results of this investigation suggest that fisetin causes a shift in the mitochondrial redox potential toward a more oxidized state with a clear predominance of its prooxidant activity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:117–126, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20367
Thymoquinone supplementation attenuates cyclophosphamide‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: Nagi Mahmoud N. , Al‐Shabanah Othman A. , Hafez Mohamed M. , Sayed‐Ahmed Mohamed M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study examined the possible protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ), the main constituent of the volatile oil of black seed (Nigella sativa), against cyclophosphamide (CP)‐induced cardiotoxicity. Adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into four treatment groups. Rats in the first group were served as control. Rats in the second group received TQ (50 mg/L in drinking water) for 12 days. Animals in the third group were injected with a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg, IP) at day 5. Rats in the fourth group received TQ (50 mg/L in drinking water) for 5 days before a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg, IP) and continued thereafter throughout the experiment. On day 13, animals were sacrificed; serum and hearts were isolated and analyzed. Cyclophosphamide resulted in a significant increase in serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, and tumor necrosis factor‐α. In heart tissues, CP resulted in a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and total nitrate/nitrite and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and adenosine triphosphate levels. Interestingly, TQ supplementation resulted in a complete reversal of all the biochemical changes induced by CP to their control values. Data from this study suggest that TQ supplementation attenuates CP‐induced cardiotoxicity by a mechanism related, at least in part, to its ability to decrease oxidative and nitrosative stress and to preserve the activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as its ability to improve the mitochondrial function and energy production. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:135‐142, 2011;View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10:1002/jbt.20369
The acute toxicity of fenitrothion on narrow‐clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) in association with biomarkers of lipid peroxidation
Authors: Sarιkaya Rabia , Sepici‐Dinçel Aylin , Çaǧlan Karasu Benli A. , Selvi Mahmut , Erkoç Figen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of this research was to evaluate the acute toxicity of fenitrothion to the crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823), which is chosen as an alternative aquatic organism to fish by using the static test system and evaluate the basic lipid peroxidation parameters for the first 24 h. Crayfish of 27.3 ± 0.56 g mean weight and 10.0 ± 0.72 cm mean length were selected for the bioassay experiments. The experiments were repeated three times in 20 liters of tap water. The temperature of water was 21 ± 1°C. The data obtained were statistically evaluated by using a computer program developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, based on Finney's probit analysis method and the 96‐h LC50 value for crayfish was calculated to be 15.75 μg/L. The 95% lower and upper confidence limits for the LC50 were 9.45 to 25.01 μg/L. In addition to the acute toxicity bioassay experiments, 24‐h oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and ferrous oxidation assay (FOX HP [hydrogen peroxide] equivalents) were also determined. Only MDA levels of hepatopancreas decreased at 5, 10, and 20 μg/L of fenitrothion doses. We can conclude that fenitrothion is highly toxic to crayfish, a nontarget organism in the ecosystem, and the lipid peroxidation indicators can be easily used for monitoring environmental effects. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:169–174, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20373
Use of the term “superficial femoral vein” in ultrasound
Authors: Thiagarajah Ramya , Venkatanarasimha Nanda , Freeman Simon 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPurpose.To determine the frequency of use of the term “superficial femoral vein” (SFV) in the radiologic reports from a sample of sonographic investigations for suspected deep vein thrombosis and to assess the potential for clinical error in their interpretation.Methods.Retrospective review of 425 consecutive reports from medical patients attending the Imaging Department over a 6‐month period for the presence of the term “superficial femoral vein” and for the presence of thrombus. A questionnaire was sent to a sample of referring clinicians to assess their understanding of the anatomy of the deep venous system of the leg and indications for anticoagulant treatment.Results.Of the 425 sonographic investigations reviewed, 90 (21.2%) used the term “superficial femoral vein,” and 12 (13.3%) were positive for SFV thrombus. Among 87 clinicians, 74.7% believed the SFV to be part of the superficial venous system and that its thrombosis did not require anticoagulant treatment, although anticoagulation is now indicated in selected cases of superficial venous thrombosis.Conclusion.Seventy‐five percent of clinicians do not recognize the SFV as being part of the deep venous system and that its thrombosis requires anticoagulant treatment. In this study, 13% of SFV examined were positive for thrombus, and four patients (4.4%) had an isolated SFV thrombus that could have been left untreated due to this misunderstanding. Use of the term “superficial femoral vein” is prone to misinterpretation by clinicians and potentially hazardous to patients. It should be replaced by “common femoral vein” and “femoral vein” in reports. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011.
Effect of in vitro stress‐deprivation and cyclic loading on the length of tendon cell cilia in situ
Authors: Gardner Keri , Arnoczky Steven P. , Lavagnino Michael 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTo determine the effect of loading conditions on the length of primary cilia in tendon cells in situ, freshly harvested rat tail tendons were stress‐deprived (SD) for up to 72 h, cyclically loaded at 3% strain at 0.17 Hz for 24 h, or SD for 24 h followed by cyclic loading (CL) for 24 h. Tendon sections were stained for tubulin, and cilia measured microscopically. In fresh control tendons, cilia length ranged from 0.6 to 2.0 µm with a mean length of 1.1 µm. Following SD, cilia demonstrated an increase (p < 0.001) in overall length at 24 h when compared to controls. Cilia length did not increase with time of SD (p = 0.329). Cilia in cyclically loaded tendons were shorter (p < 0.001) compared to all SD time periods, but were not different from 0 time controls (p = 0.472). CL for 24 h decreased cilia length in 24 h SD tendons (p < 0.001) to levels similar to those of fresh controls (p = 0.274). The results of this study demonstrate that SD resulted in an immediate and significant increase in the length of primary cilia of tendon cells, which can be reversed by cyclic tensile loading. This suggests that, as in other tissues, cilia length in tendon cells is affected by mechanical signaling from the extracellular matrix. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:582–587, 2011
Effects of preexisting microdamage, collagen cross‐links, degree of mineralization, age, and architecture on compressive mechanical properties of elderly human vertebral trabecular bone
Authors: Follet Helene , Viguet‐Carrin Stéphanie , Burt‐Pichat Brigitte , Dépalle Baptiste , Bala Yohann , Gineyts Evelyne , Munoz Francoise , Arlot Monique , Boivin Georges , Chapurlat Roland D. , Delmas Pierre D. , Bouxsein Mary L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the mechanical properties of trabecular bone are determined by bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and microarchitecture. The purpose of this study was to explore other possible determinants of the mechanical properties of vertebral trabecular bone, namely collagen cross‐link content, microdamage, and mineralization. Trabecular bone cores were collected from human L2 vertebrae (n = 49) from recently deceased donors 54–95 years of age (21 men and 27 women). Two trabecular cores were obtained from each vertebra, one for preexisting microdamage and mineralization measurements, and one for BV/TV and quasi‐static compression tests. Collagen cross‐link content (PYD, DPD, and PEN) was measured on surrounding trabecular bone. Advancing age was associated with impaired mechanical properties, and with increased microdamage, even after adjustment by BV/TV. BV/TV was the strongest determinant of elastic modulus and ultimate strength (r2 = 0.44 and 0.55, respectively). Microdamage, mineralization parameters, and collagen cross‐link content were not associated with mechanical properties. These data indicate that the compressive strength of human vertebral trabecular bone is primarily determined by the amount of trabecular bone, and notably unaffected by normal variation in other factors, such as cross‐link profile, microdamage and mineralization. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:481–488, 2011
Size and Morphology Control of Aggregates from Supramolecular Graft Copolymers Stabilized by Ionic Interaction
Authors: Jo Yeong Min , Park Chan Woo , Jung Bokyung , Yang Hee‐Man , Kim Jong‐Duk 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA series of SGPs composed of a PLL main and a PLGA side chain was synthesized with different DSs in a DMSO solvent. The addition of water induced the self‐assembly of PLL/PLGA SPGs into spherical micelles. The size of the spherical micelles decreased with an increase in DS and core/shell structures, which was confirmed by XPS and zeta‐potential measurements. The morphological transitions were under thermodynamic control when the solvents mixed. Consequently, further increases in water content caused the transition of the spherical micelles to vesicles, while the initial spherical micelles were reconstructed from vesicles when the DMSO was added. The content of water, the boundaries for the morphology transition, depended on the DS. pH and salt levels affected the stability of the aggregates. magnified image
Quantitative Structure‐Fluorescence Property Relationship Analysis of a Large BODIPY Library
Authors: Schüller Andreas , Goh Garrett Benjamin , Kim Hanjo , Lee Jun‐Seok , Chang Young‐Tae 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA quantitative structure‐fluorescence property relationship (QSPR) analysis of a large 288‐membered library based on a single fluorescent BODIPY scaffold is presented for the first time. BODIPY is a versatile fluorescent scaffold with outstanding photophysical properties. Absorption (λabs) and fluorescence emission (λem) wavelength maxima were modeled with help of stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) and support vector regression (SVR). The models were rigorously validated by 10‐times 10‐fold cross‐validation (CV), y‐scrambling CV and with an external validation set. Non‐linear SVR models (R2=0.92 and Q2=0.71 for λabs; R2=0.89 and Q2=0.69 for λem) performed significantly better than linear models. A small root mean squared error (RMSE) of 5.62 nm and 11.07 nm was achieved for λabs and λem, respectively, and confirmed by external validation. A novel intramolecular charge transfer descriptor was developed based on the QSPR analysis and its inclusion in the modeling significantly improved models of λem. We conclude that QSPR is a useful tool for modeling λabs and λem of BODIPY fluorophores and suggest QSPR as an ideal partner for the design of compounds with tailored fluorescence properties in a diversity‐oriented fluorescence library approach (DOFLA).
Clean STD‐NMR spectrum for improved detection of ligand‐protein interactions at low concentration of protein
Authors: Xia Youlin , Zhu Qi , Jun Kyu‐Yeon , Wang Jingchun , Gao Xiaolian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSaturation transfer difference (STD)‐NMR has been widely used to screen ligand compound libraries for their binding activities to proteins and to determine the binding epitopes of the ligands. We report herein, a Clean STD‐NMR method developed to overcome false positives (artifacts) observed in the STD‐NMR spectrum due to the power spillover of RF irradiation. The method achieved higher degree of resonance saturation through digital editing of two STD‐NMR spectra to generate a concatenated difference spectrum and three times of sensitivity enhancement for a loose binding complex involving DNA oligonucleotide and an RNA‐binding protein, CUGBP‐1ab (25.2 kDa). The interesting binding characteristics of the complex dCTGTCT–CUGBP1ab were obtained. The method was applied to a mixture of small ligand and bovine serum albumin protein (BSA, 66.3 kDa), and detected the intermolecular contacts at a BSA concentration as low as 0.1 µM, a working concentration useful for the detection of proteins of low solubility at biologically relevant conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power domination in cylinders, tori, and generalized Petersen graphs
Authors: Barrera Roberto , Ferrero Daniela 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA set S of vertices is defined to be a power dominating set (PDS) of a graph G if every vertex and every edge in G can be monitored by the set S according to a set of rules for power system monitoring. The minimum cardinality of a PDS of G is its power domination number. In this article, we find upper bounds for the power domination number of some families of Cartesian products of graphs: the cylinders Pn□Cm for integers n ≥ 2, m ≥ 3, and the tori Cn□Cm for integers n,m ≥ 3. We apply similar techniques to present upper bounds for the power domination number of generalized Petersen graphs P(m,k). We prove those upper bounds provide the exact values of the power domination numbers if the integers m,n, and k satisfy some given relations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 58(1), 43–49 2011
Synergistic effects of cerium phosphate and intumescent flame retardant on EPDM/PP composites
Authors: Qiao Zhihua , Tai Qilong , Song Lei , Hu Yuan , Lv Pin , Jie Ganxin , Huang Wei , Fu Yi , Zhang Deqing 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn intumescent flame retardant system composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) was used for flame retarding ethylene–propylene–diene‐modified elastomer (EPDM)/polypropylene (PP) blends. Cerium phosphate (CeP) was synthesized and the effect on flame retardancy and thermal stability of EPDM/PP composites based on intumescent flame retardant (IFR) were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94, and thermogravimetic analysis (TGA), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) were used to analyze the morphological structure and the component of the residue chars formed from the EPDM/PP composites, and the mechanical properties of the materials were also studied. The addition of CeP to the EPDM/PP/APP/PER composites gives better flame retardancy than that of EPDM/PP/APP/PER composites. TGA and RT‐FTIR studies indicated that an interaction occurs among APP, PER, and EPDM/PP. The incorporation of CeP improved the mechanical properties of the materials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of lung macrophage subpopulations in experimental acute pancreatitis
Authors: Gea‐Sorlí Sabrina , Guillamat Raquel , Serrano‐Mollar Anna , Closa Daniel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPulmonary macrophages exist in two different anatomical compartments in the lower respiratory tract: alveolar macrophages in the alveoli and interstitial macrophages in the interstitium. Depending on the micro‐environmental stimulation, macrophages follow different activation pathways. According to their inflammatory response pattern, activated macrophages have been characterized as pro‐inflammatory (M1), wound‐healing (M2a) and regulatory (M2b). Since acute pancreatitis occurs in parallel with acute lung injury, the profile of the different macrophage subpopulations could be relevant in the progression of the disease. The activation of lung alveolar and interstitial macrophages was assessed in an experimental model of severe acute pancreatitis induced in rats by intraductal infusion of 3.5% sodium taurocholate. Alveolar and interstitial macrophages were obtained and the expression of markers of different activations was evaluated. Activation of nuclear factors PPARγ and NF‐κB, which are involved in the acquisition of different phenoytpes, was also measured. Alveolar macrophages acquired an early M1 phenotype characterized by the expression of inflammatory cytokines and NF‐κB activation. In contrast, interstitial macrophages followed the inhibitory M2b pathway. In these macrophages, PPARγ became activated and the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 was expressed. These results suggest that alveolar and interstitial macrophages play different roles in acute lung injury associated with acute pancreatitis. Alveolar macrophages promote an early inflammatory response, whereas interstitial macrophages help resolve inflammation. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fundamental properties of N‐alkenylaziridines—implications for the design of new reactions and organocatalysts
Authors: Siebert Matthew R. , Tantillo Dean J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe success of many organocatalysts depends on the proper modulation of electronic properties of amines and their derived enamines and iminium ions. We and others have been fascinated with the differences in reactivity observed for aziridines versus other amines in many reactions. Herein we report a theoretical assessment (using B3LYP/6‐31 + G(d,p)) of the π‐donating ability of aziridines relative to other amines and discuss the implications for enamine and iminium ion reactivity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrolysis and retro‐aldol cleavage of ethyl threo‐2‐(1‐adamantyl)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate: competing reactions
Authors: Ganguly Bishwajit , Kesharwani Manoj K. , Matković Marija , Basarić Nikola , Singh Ajeet , Mlinarić‐Majerski Kata 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe hydrolysis of ethyl threo‐2‐(1‐adamantyl)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (1) and the parent ester ethyl 3‐hydroxybutyrate (4) has been studied experimentally and computationally. In the hydrolysis of threo‐ester 1 with 2 M NaOH, predominantly retro‐aldol product was observed, whereas the hydrolyzed product was present in a minor amount. When the reaction is carried out under the same conditions with the parent ester ethyl 3‐hydroxybutyrate (4), hydrolyzed product is exclusively observed. The competitive pathways, namely hydrolysis and the retro‐aldol reaction for 1 and 4 were investigated using DFT calculations in the both gas and solvent phase. The calculated results in the solvent phase at B3LYP/6–31 + G* level revealed that the formation of retro‐aldol products is kinetically preferred over the hydrolysis of threo‐ester 1 in the presence of a base. However, the parent ester 4 showed that the retro‐aldol process is less favored than the hydrolysis process under similar conditions. The steric effect imposed by the bulky adamantyl group to enhance the activation barriers for the hydrolysis of the ethyl threo‐2‐(1‐adamantyl)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (1) was further supported by the calculations performed with tert‐butyl group at the α‐carbon atom of ethyl 3‐hydroxybutyrate (7). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Skin Layer Defects in Si by Optimized Treatment in Hydrogen RF Plasma
Authors: Ghica Corneliu , Nistor Leona Cristina , Vizireanu Sorin , Dinescu Gheorghe , Moldovan Antoniu , Dinescu Maria 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe first step of the smart‐cut™ process consists in inducing structural defects below the free surface of a silicon wafer, usually by implantation of light elements, such as hydrogen or helium. An alternative way to induce subsurface defects is by plasma treatment. In this work, we present a morphological and structural study on silicon wafers submitted to hydrogen plasma treatment, using two plasma‐processing geometries. The parameters of the plasma treatment have been varied in order to limit the surface roughness and to confine the induced defects in a narrow region (50 nm) below the wafer surface. The morphological and structural investigations have been performed by AFM and TEM. magnified image
No evidence of FGFR3 mutations in prostate cancer
Authors: Zuiverloon Tahlita C.M. , Boormans Joost L. , Trapman Jan , van Leenders Geert J.L.H. , Zwarthoff Ellen C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDFGFR3 mutations are associated with a good clinical disease course in bladder tumors. Currently, prognostic markers to stratify prostate cancer (PCa) patients for conservative management are lacking. Conflicting results have been found on the presence of FGFR3 mutations in PCa. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of FGFR3 mutations in a subset of prostate tumors. Next, determine the prevalence of FGFR3 mutations in PCa patients with coexistent tumors in other tissues.METHODSPrimary and locally advanced prostate tumors (n = 132) were collected at our medical center. From the 132 PCa patients, 28 (21%) were diagnosed with coexistent primary tumors (bladder, skin, pancreas, renal cell, gastric, colon, hepatic, and lung). Tumors were analyzed by FGFR3 mutation analysis on exon 7, 10, and 15, known to harbor the most frequent mutations.RESULTSThe prevalence of FGFR3 mutations in patients with only PCa was 0%. Most PCa patients presented with coexistent bladder (n = 12) and bladder and skin tumors (n = 7). Other coexistent tumors in PCa patients included: bladder and pancreatic cancer (n = 1); bladder and renal cell carcinoma (n = 1); bladder and gastric carcinoma (n = 1); skin cancer (n = 1); colon cancer (n = 3); hepatic carcinoma (n = 1); and lung cancer (n = 1). FGFR3 mutations were detected in 9/15 (60%) analyzed bladder tumors.CONCLUSIONSFGFR3 mutations were absent in the investigated prostate tumors, suggesting a minor role of these mutations in tumorigenesis. Hence, FGFR3 mutation analysis is not suitable to select patients for conservative management. Interestingly, if a prostate tumor coincided with other tumors these were mostly bladder and skin. Prostate 71:637–641, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.