bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive screening with the Brigance Preschool screen‐II in 3‐year‐old children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Aygun Banu , Parker Jennifer , Freeman Molly B. , Stephens Alexis L. , Smeltzer Matthew P. , Wu Song , Hankins Jane S. , Wang Winfred C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundNeurocognitive deficits have been described in school age children with sickle cell disease (SCD), even in the absence of stroke or silent infarcts. However, the age of onset and factors contributing to this problem have not been well studied. We hypothesized that in children with SCD the failure rate with Brigance screening would be higher than in the normal population.MethodsWe reviewed retrospectively the Brigance Preschool Screen‐II test results in 3‐year‐old children with SCD. Findings were correlated with hemoglobinopathy genotype, hemoglobin level, transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) velocities, and treatment with hydroxyurea, as well as with psychosocial factors.ResultsEighty‐eight children with SCD followed by the St. Jude Sickle Cell Center (mean age 3.5 years) had neurocognitive screening during their regular clinic visits. Forty‐four (50%) children had scores below the normal cut‐off value for their age (twice the national failure rate of 25%). Failures were associated with less parental education (P = 0.005 for maternal and P = 0.03 for paternal education levels) and with speech deficits (P = 0.01), but were not associated with sickle cell genotype or hemoglobin concentration.ConclusionThese preliminary data suggest that psychosocial factors may have more profound effects on early childhood development than disease‐related factors in this group of young sickle cell patients. A larger prospective study with appropriate controls is warranted to validate these findings, which have implications for the etiology and prevention of neurocognitive decline in children with SCD. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:620–624. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strategies to manage retinoblastoma in developing countries
Authors: Chantada Guillermo L. , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Canturk Serife , Khetan Vikas , Ma Zhigui , Kimani Kahaki , Yeniad Baris , Sultan Iyad , Sitorus Rita S. , Tacyildiz Nurdan , Abramson David H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSurvival of retinoblastoma is >90% in developed countries but there are significant differences with developing countries in stage at presentation, available treatment options, family compliance, and survival. In low‐income countries (LICs), children present with advanced disease, and the reasons are socioeconomic and cultural. In middle‐income countries (MICs), survival rates are better (>70%), but there is a high prevalence of microscopically disseminated extraocular disease. Programs for eye preservation have been developed, but toxicity‐related mortality is higher. Although effective treatment of microscopically extraocular disease improved the outcome, worldwide survival will be increased only by earlier diagnosis and better treatment adherence. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:341–348. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased risk of vincristine neurotoxicity associated with low CYP3A5 expression genotype in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Egbelakin Akinbode , Ferguson Michael J. , MacGill Emily A. , Lehmann Amalia S. , Topletz Ariel R. , Quinney Sara K. , Li Lang , McCammack Kevin C. , Hall Stephen D. , Renbarger Jamie L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluates the relationship between cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A5 genotype and vincristine‐induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) in children with precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (preB ALL). We have shown in vitro that vincristine is metabolized significantly more efficiently by CYP3A5 than by CYP3A4. We also found that vincristine neurotoxicity is less common in African‐Americans (70% express CYP3A5) than in Caucasians. We test the hypothesis that CYP3A5 expressers experience less vincristine neuropathy than do CYP3A5 non‐expressers.ProcedureThis study of pharmacogenetics of vincristine neuropathy in children with preB ALL was completed at Indiana University Simon Cancer Center. Whole blood for DNA extraction and genotyping was collected as well as plasma from a single time‐point for analysis of vincristine and primary metabolite (M1) concentrations. Vincristine neuropathy was captured via chart review and graded per the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0.ResultsEighty‐nine percent of CYP3A5 expressers experienced neurotoxicity versus 100% of non‐expressers (P = 0.03). The proportion of treatment months with neurotoxicity was significantly different between the expressers and non‐expressers (16% vs. 27%,P = 0.0007). Limited pharmacokinetic data suggest different rates of vincristine metabolism betweenCYP3A5genotype groups with higher primary metabolite (M1) plasma concentrations (P = 0.0004) and lower metabolic ratios ([vincristine]/[M1]) (P = 0.036) in the CYP3A5 expressers compared to the CYP3A5 non‐expressers. M1 concentration was also inversely related to severity of neuropathy (P = 0.0316).ConclusionsIn children with preB ALL, CYP3A5 expressers experience less VIPN, produce more M1, and have lower metabolic ratios compared to CYP3A5 non‐expressers. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:361–367. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insidious iron burden in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Eng Jennifer , Fish Jonathan D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundA significant iron burden may occur after only 10 blood transfusions in patients with hematologic disorders. Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) routinely receive blood transfusions during therapy, although few studies to date have quantified transfusion‐related iron burden in these patients. This study quantifies the transfused blood volume and resultant iron load in a large cohort of pediatric patients with ALL, and evaluates risk factors that may impact transfusion volume.MethodsThis single institution retrospective study evaluated 107 patients who completed therapy for ALL between July 1995 and March 2007. Age, weight, and hemoglobin at presentation, ALL risk category, leukemia cell type, and volume of blood transfusions were collected from medical records.ResultsPatients received an average of 115 ml/kg of blood (77 mg/kg iron) during treatment. There was a significant association between the volume of packed red blood cells and ALL risk category. Patients with standard‐risk disease received 90 ml/kg (60 mg/kg iron), patients with high‐risk disease 196 ml/kg (131 mg/kg iron) and patients with T‐cell disease 114 ml/kg (76 mg/kg iron). There was no correlation between age or hemoglobin at presentation with amount of blood received.ConclusionsPatients with ALL often receive a substantial amount of iron during therapy, with patients with high‐risk disease receiving the greatest load. As iron overload has an overlapping toxicity profile with chemotherapy and is treatable, screening for increased iron burden and iron‐related morbidities should be considered during long‐term follow‐up of patients with ALL, particularly in those with high‐risk ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:368–371. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BK virus nephropathy in a pediatric autologous stem‐cell transplant recipient
Authors: Sanchez‐Pinto L. Nelson , Laskin Benjamin L. , Jodele Sonata , Hummel Trent R. , Yin Hong J. , Goebel Jens 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBK virus (BKV) is an increasingly identified cause of pathology in immunocompromised transplant recipients. BKV is a well‐known cause of graft dysfunction following renal transplantation and has also been reported in the native kidneys of other solid organ recipients. Less commonly, BKV nephropathy occurs in allogeneic stem‐cell transplant (SCT) recipients. We now describe the first reported case of BKV nephropathy after pediatric autologous SCT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:495–497. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bevacizumab and irinotecan in the treatment of children with recurrent/refractory medulloblastoma
Authors: Aguilera Dolly G. , Goldman Steward , Fangusaro Jason 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRelapsed/refractory medulloblastoma (MB) has a poor outcome regardless of the treatment employed. Novel therapies are needed in an effort to improve survivals. We present two children with recurrent/refractory MB treated with bevacizumab and irinotecan both given every 2 weeks. One patient also received temozolamide. The first patient had stable disease and remains without progression after 30 months. The second patient had a near complete response that was sustained for 18 months. The regimen was well tolerated with minimal toxicity and provided prolonged progression‐free survival in these two patients. Prospective clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:491–494. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gel spinning of polyacrylonitrile fibers with medium molecular weight
Authors: Liu Shuiping , Tan Lianjiang , Pan Ding , Chen Yanmo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new gel‐spinning method was employed to prepare polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers from a PAN spinning solution with dimethylsulfoxide and water as a mixed solvent. Aging at 25 °C for 120 min brought the spinning solution to the sol–gel transition and a three‐dimensional gel formed before entering the coagulation bath. The as‐spun fibers from the solution at the sol–gel transition and in the gel state possess a circular cross‐section. Compared with dry‐jet wet‐spun fibers, the gel‐spun fibers have a more compact structure, fewer voids and better mechanical properties after a three‐stage drawing. Moreover, the gel‐spun fibers obtained from the extraction bath have a more homogeneous microstructure and better packed supermolecular structure. The physical properties of the extracted gel‐spun fibers are also better than those of coagulated gel‐spun fibers. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
First flight demonstration of film‐laminated InGaP/GaAs and CIGS thin‐film solar cells by JAXA's small satellite in LEO
Authors: Morioka Chiharu , Shimazaki Kazunori , Kawakita Shirou , Imaizumi Mitsuru , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Takamoto Tatsuya , Sato Shin‐ichiro , Ohshima Takeshi , Nakamura Yosuke , Hirako Keiichi , Takahashi Masato 
Published: November 2010

AbstractJAXA is currently carrying out development of lightweight and flexible thin‐film solar cells for space application. The cells are thin‐film III–V multi‐junction solar cells with high efficiency and CuInGaSe2solar cells with super radiation tolerance. The electrical performances of InGaP/GaAs dual‐junction solar cells and CIGS solar cells in space have been demonstrated by JAXA's small satellite, which flew in a Low‐Earth Orbit since January 2009. This flight demonstration is the first experiment for a thin‐film III–V multi‐junction solar cell in the world. Thin‐film solar cells were laminated using transparent polymer film in place of conventional coverglass for protection of solar cell's surface. The film‐laminated cells were observed for short‐circuit current degradation. The ground tests in which atomic oxygen, charged particles and ultraviolet rays were irradiated to the cells and films indicated that the cause of the degradation was attributed to the film coloring by obliquely incident UV rays. This is because the lamination film has UV‐reflective multilayer coating on its surface and the optical properties vary depending on the UV incident angle. The flight degradation trend of short‐circuit current was, therefore, predicted using the ground test results taking into account the incident angle dependence. The flight data and the predicted results were in reasonable agreement with each other. Thus, we could verify the validity of the ground tests and prediction methodology for film‐laminated solar cell in this study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the characterisation of PV inverters' efficiency—introduction to the concept of achievable efficiency
Authors: Bletterie B. , Bründlinger R. , Lauss G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe availability of accurate performance figures for photovoltaic (PV) inverters is of prime importance when it comes to the selection of products, the design of installations or the estimation of the annual yield. This paper proposes an improvement of the current practise by introducing a new quantity to quantify the performance of inverters: the maximal achievable European efficiency. This quantity can be based on the distribution of the annual yield as a function of maximum power point (MPP) power and voltage or on the existing weighting factors of the European efficiency. In a first step, the concept of the required MPP voltage window is introduced on the basis of a detailed analysis of the operating conditions for a typical location in Central Europe. It quantifies the voltage window in which the inverter shall operate and in which the average efficiency shall be calculated. In a second step, a method to process the efficiency measurements as they are now commonly performed is described. By combining the detailed characterisation of the inverter efficiency and the distribution of the annual irradiation as function of the operating conditions, an average and a maximal efficiency over the whole inverter specified MPP voltage range are obtained. They provide a very valuable information about the overall performance of the inverter and about its sensitivity to the plant configuration. As a good compromise between simplicity and accuracy, the proposed concept of achievable European efficiency should be preferred to the current practises. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance enhancement of III–V compound multijunction solar cell incorporating transparent electrode and surface treatment
Authors: Tseng Chun‐Yen , Lee Choon‐Kok , Lee Ching‐Ting 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTo enhance the performance of tandem‐type III–V compound multijunction solar cells, the transparent indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) film was used to replace conventional metal electrode for increasing the incident light area. For performing ohmic contact between the n‐AlInP window layer and the ITO film, a transition layer of Au/AuGeNi thin metals was used and investigated. Besides, to improve ohmic performance and to passivate the surface states, (NH4)2Sx surface treatment was used. The conversion efficiency of the (NH4)2Sx‐treated triple‐junction solar cells was increased more than 3.09%. Furthermore, an improved oblique SiO2/SiO2/ITO triple antireflection structure was designed to reduce the reflectivity of illuminating sunlight. The conversion efficiency of the (NH4)2Sx‐treated triple‐junction solar cell with improved antireflection structure could be improved more than 4.23%. Simple and effective approaches were designed to improve the performances of tandem‐type III–V triple‐junction solar cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning experience for thin‐film solar modules: First Solar, Inc. case study
Authors: Green Martin A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNew solar photovoltaic technologies face significant barriers to market entry. First Solar, Inc. is the first thin‐film company to succeed in meeting these challenges, with substantial information about the company's evolution available through its public listing. Learning experience in relation to prices, manufacturing costs, module efficiency and material costs are assessed over the 2003–early 2010 period. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of absorption spectrum and dynamics evaluation of the indocyanine‐green first singlet excited state
Authors: De Boni L. , Mendonça C. R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractExcited state absorption and excited state dynamics of indocyanine‐green (ICG) dissolved in dymethyl sulfoxide were measured using white‐light continuum Z‐scan (WLCZScan) and white‐light continuum pump–probe (WLCPP) techniques. The excited state absorption spectrum, obtained through Z‐scan measurements, revealed saturable absorption (SA) for wavelengths longer than 630 nm, while reverse saturable absorption (RSA) appeared, as indicated by a band at approximately 570 nm. Both processes were modeled by a three‐energy‐level diagram, from which the excited state cross‐section values were determined. SA and RSA were also observed in pump–probe experiments, with a recovery time in the hundreds of picoseconds time scale due to the long lifetime of the first excited state of ICG. Such results contribute to the understanding of ICG optical properties, allowing application in photonics and medicine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐pot preparation of aromatic poly(azomethine ester) fibrillar crystals using reaction‐Induced crystallization
Authors: Gong Jin , Yakushi Yasuhide , Uchida Tetsuya , Yamazaki Shinichi , Kimura Kunio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPolymerizations of 4‐(4‐acetoxybenzylideneamino)benzoic acid were performed in dibenzyltoluene (DBT) and a mixture of DBT and liquid paraffin at 350 °C for 6 h. Fibrillar crystals of poly[4‐(4‐oxybenzylideneamino)benzoyl] (POAB) having the width of 50–450 nm and the length of over 15 μm were obtained by the crystallization during the polymerization. The fibrillar crystals possessed high crystallinity and the molecular chains aligned perpendicular to the long axis of the fibrillar crystals. Plate‐like crystals were initially formed by the crystallization of oligomers, and then they changed to the fibrillar crystals via the formation of bundle‐like crystals after 1 h. Molecular weight increased by the further polymerization in the crystals. Based on these results, one‐pot preparation of the fibrillar POAB crystals was examined by the polymerization of 4‐acetoxybenzaldehyde and 4‐aminobenzoic acid. The polymerization at 180 °C for 2 h and then at 350 °C for 6 h afforded the fibrillar crystals with a small amount of the ribbon‐like crystals. Although the side‐reaction to generate the p‐benzamide sequences was not completely depressed, the sequence of heating in which 180 °C for the formation of the azomethine linkage and then 350 °C for the formation of the ester linkage was preferable to prepare the fibrillar POAB crystals. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Protein–induced aggregation of fluorescent conjugated polyelectrolytes with sulfonate groups: Synthesis and its sensing application
Authors: Lee Jung Hyo , Kim Dai Geun , Kwon Na Young , Jang Geun Seok , Son Ji Hye , Lee Minjung , Cho Hye‐Jin , Kweon Hee‐Seok , Lee Taek Seung 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAnionically charged fluorescent conjugated polyelectrolytes of poly{[4,7‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)‐alt‐1,4‐phenylene]‐co‐[2,5‐bis(4‐sulfonatobutoxy)‐alt‐1,4‐phenylene]} (P1) and poly{[4,7‐(bis(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo‐2,1,3‐thiadiazole)‐alt‐1,4‐phenylene]‐co‐[2,5‐bis(4‐sulfonatobutoxy)‐alt‐1,4‐phenylene]} (P2) were synthesized by Suzuki crosscoupling polymerization in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The conjugated polyelectrolytes with sulfonate groups, as efficient signal amplifying reporters, were carefully designed to be soluble in water over the entire pH range examined and interact with proteins through intermolecular forces. The polymers exhibited blue emission in aqueous solutions but green or red emission in solid form depending on the conjugation length due to intermolecular exciton migration. The anionic conjugated polymers exhibited blue‐to‐green or blue‐to‐red changes in fluorescence upon exposure to charged proteins, indicating that the polymers have potential applications in fluorescent array systems for protein. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Synthesis, micellar structures, and multifunctional sensory properties of poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐block‐poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) rod‐coil diblock copolymers
Authors: Huang Kuan‐Kai , Fang Yi‐Kai , Hsu Jung‐Ching , Kuo Chi‐Ching , Chang Wei‐Hsuan , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe report the synthesis, micellar structures, and multifunctional sensory properties of new conjugated rod‐coil block copolymers, poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐block‐poly(2‐(di methylamino)ethylmethacrylate)(P3HT‐b‐PDMAEMA). The new copolymers, synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of P3HT macroinitiator, consisted PDMAEMA coil lengths of 43, 65, and 124 repeating units. All the P3HT‐b‐PDMAEMA copolymers exhibit a similar low critical solution temperature in water around 33 °C. The micellar structures of the synthesized polymers were characterized by AFM, TEM, and dynamic light scattering, by varying temperature, pH, and water/THF composition. The micelles of P3HT20‐b‐PDMAEMA43 in water had a reversible size change from 75 ± 5 nm to 132 ± 5 nm on heating from 25 to 55 °C and reduced to the original size during cooling. In addition, the micellar size also showed a significant pH dependence, changing from 67 ± 8 nm (pH = 12) to 222 ± 6 nm (pH = 4), depending on the protonation of the PDMAEMA blocks and their electrostatic repulsion. The micellar structure of three P3HT‐b‐PDMAEMA copolymers changed from spheres, to vesicles, and finally to larger sphere micelles as the solvent composition varied from 0 to 100 wt % water in the mixed solvent. The different micellar structures of P3HT20‐b‐PDMAEMA43 solution led to a red‐shift on the absorption or photoluminescence spectra and exhibited the emission colors of yellow, orange, red, and dark red with increasing the water content. This study suggested that new copolymers had potential applications as multifunctional sensory materials toward temperature, pH, and solvent. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Polythiophenes bearing electron‐withdrawing groups in the side chain and their application to bulk heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Hoi , Lee Ho‐Jin , Kuramoto Kouji , Tanaka Yohei , Morino Kazuhide , Sudo Atsushi , Okauchi Tatsuo , Tsuge Akihito , Endo Takeshi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSoluble polythiophenes bearing strong electron withdrawing groups, dicyanoethenyl [CHC(CN)2] (PTDCN) and cyano‐methoxycarbonylethenyl [CHC(CO2Me)CN] (PTCNME), in the side chains have been prepared. Optical band gaps calculated from onset absorption were 1.70 eV and 1.73 eV for PTDCN and PTCNME, respectively. Highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels measured with a surface analyzer (AC‐2) were −5.53 eV and −5.29 eV for PTDCN and PTCNME, respectively, which were much lower than that of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (−4.81 eV). To investigate photovoltaic properties, bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells based on PTDCN and PTCNME were fabricated with a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/LiF/Al, where the active layer was a blend film of polymer and [6,6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid hexyl ester (PC61BH). Solar cell parameters were estimated from current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics under the illumination of AM1.5 at 100 mW/cm2. The solar cell based on the blend film of PTCNME:PC61BH (1:1) showed power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.72% together with the open current voltage (Voc) of 0.61 V, the short current density (Jsc) of 3.90 mA/cm2, and the fill factor of 30.3%. The PCE of a solar cell fabricated from PTDCN in a similar way was 0.56%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010