bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The functional response of Uscana lariophaga under different egg distributions of its host Callosobruchus maculatus
Authors: van Alebeek Frans A. N. , Bezemer T. M. , van Huis A. , van Lenteren J. C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe functional response of the egg parasitoid Uscana lariophaga Steffan (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was tested under three different host distributions (even, clumped and random) within clusters of Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) eggs. A Holling Type II functional response was found for all three distributions. Over low host densities, less than 50% of the host clusters was parasitized. At low host densities, U. lariophaga females parasitized significantly fewer eggs in random egg clusters with many beans than in clusters with fewer beans and an even or clumped egg distribution. At higher egg densities, plateau levels of maximum number of hosts parasitized were the same for all three egg distributions. Uscana lariophaga appears to be adapted to search for even or clustered egg distributions, as can be found in the field and under storage conditions.
ENDOGLIN/CD105 is expressed in KIT positive cells in the gut and in gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Authors: Gromova Petra , Rubin Brian P. , Thys An , Cullus Pierre , Erneux Christophe , Vanderwinden Jean‐Marie 
Published: March 2011

AbstractENDOGLIN/CD105 (ENG) is a transmembrane glycoprotein and an auxiliary unit of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β); receptor, expressed predominantly in vascular endothelium. Noteworthy, Eng mRNA expression has been reported also in Kit+ interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the mouse intestine. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are thought to derive from ICC. Here we have investigated Eng expression in the KitK641E mouse GIST model, in human GIST and in the Ba/F3 cell model. In wild type (WT) mouse antrum, Eng immunoreactivity (‐ir) was detected in CD34+/CD31+ endothelium and in Kit+ ICC. In KitK641E mice, hyperplasia of Kit+ cells made Eng‐ir even more evident. Quantitative PCR confirmed the increased expression of Eng transcript in KitK641E mice. On human GIST TMA, 26/49 cases stained positive for ENG. Strong ENG staining was associated with malignant and high‐risk tumours. ENG negative cases were predominantly of the epithelioid type or harboured PDGFRA mutation. In vitro, Eng mRNA was up‐regulated in Ba/F3 cell lines stably expressing various oncogenic Kit mutations (K641E, del559, del814). This effect appeared to be independent of Kit activation, as neither the stimulation of WT Kit by its ligand SCF, nor the inhibition of Kit autophosphorylation by imatinib mesylate in oncogenic mutants, altered Eng expression. Elevated Eng expression in Kit oncogenic mutants appeared rather to be indirectly mediated by DNA hypomethylation, because treatment with the demethylating agent 5‐Aza/dC increased Eng mRNA expression in KitWT cells. ENG expression in ICC and in GIST deserves further consideration as ENG is emerging as a potential target for cancer therapy.
The diameter of anodic TiO2 nanotubes affects bone formation and correlates with the bone morphogenetic protein‐2 expression in vivo
Authors: von Wilmowsky Cornelius , Bauer Sebastian , Roedl Stefanie , Neukam Friedrich Wilhelm , Schmuki Patrik , Schlegel Karl Andreas 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Introduction: Recently, it has been demonstrated that the nanoscale environment is a critical factor for cellular behaviour. It has been shown that the diameter of TiO2 nanotube layers controls the cellular behaviour of cells involved in the bone‐forming process in vitro. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the diameter of TiO2 nanotubes on peri‐implant bone formation and the expression of bone matrix proteins in vivo.
Materials and methods: Ninety experimental implants with a nanotube diameter ranging from 15 up to 100 nm were placed in the frontal skulls of six domestic pigs, whereas untreated implants served as controls. The bone–implant contact (BIC) as well as the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2, collagen type‐I and osteocalcin were histomorphometrically and immunohistochemically analysed after 30 days.
Results: Evaluating the BIC, a significant higher value, could be found for the 50, 70 and 100 nm groups compared with the controls, whereas a correlation with the BMP‐2 expression was present. The BMP‐2 expression within the 50, 70 and 100 nm groups was statistically different compared with the control group. Significant difference was found for the osteocalcin expression in the 70 nm group. No statistical difference was found evaluating collagen type‐I. SEM evaluation of the specimen surfaces revealed that the nanotube coatings do resist shearing forces evoked by implant insertion.
Conclusion: The nanotube diameter can be designed to support cellular functions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vivo, including differentiation and protein expression and therefore offer a powerful tool for the controlled formation of peri‐implant bone around medical implant devices.
To cite this article: von Wilmowsky C, Bauer S, Roedl S, Neukam FW, Schmuki P, Schlegel KA. The diameter of anodic TiO2 nanotubes affects bone formation and correlates with the bone morphogenetic protein‐2 expression in vivo. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 359–366. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02139.x
Bending moments of zirconia and titanium abutments with internal and external implant–abutment connections after aging and chewing simulation
Authors: Truninger Thomas C. , Stawarczyk Bogna , Leutert Christian R. , Sailer Thomas R. , Hämmerle Christoph H.F. , Sailer Irena 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objectives: To test the fracture load of zirconia abutments with different types of implant–abutment connections after chewing simulation and to compare their bending moments to internally connected identical titanium abutments.
Materials and methods: Forty‐eight identical customized zirconia abutments with different implant–abutment connections were fabricated for four different test groups: one‐piece internal implant–abutment connection (BL; Straumann Bonelevel), two‐piece internal implant–abutment connection (RS; Nobel Biocare Replace Select), external implant–abutment connection (B; Brånemark MK III), two‐piece internal implant–abutment connection (SP; Straumann Standard Plus). Twelve titanium abutments with one‐piece internal implant–abutment connection (T; Straumann Bonelevel) served as control group. After aging by means of thermocycling (5–50°C, 120 s) and chewing simulation (1,200,000 cycles, 49 N load, 1.67 Hz), static load was applied at a 30° angle to the palatal surface until failure. Bending moments were calculated for comparison of the groups. Data were analyzed descriptively and by performing the Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni correction.
Results: The mean bending moments of the abutments were 714.1 ± 184.9 N cm (T), 331.7 ± 57.8 N cm (BL), 429.7 ± 62.8 N cm (RS), 285.8 ± 64.4 N cm (B) and 379.9 ± 59.1 N cm (SP). The bending moments of control group T were significantly higher than those of all other groups. The values of group RS were significantly higher than those of group B but within the value range of groups SP and BL.
Conclusion: The bending moments of the different tested types of zirconia abutments vary with different implant–abutment connections after chewing simulation. The use of a secondary metallic component might have a beneficial influence on the stability of zirconia abutments.
To cite this article: Truninger TC, Stawarczyk B, Leutert CR, Sailer TR, Hämmerle CHF, Sailer I. Bending moments of zirconia and titanium abutments with internal and external implant–abutment connections after aging and chewing simulation. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 12–18. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02141.x
Flapless, CBCT‐guided osteotome sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant installation. I: radiographic examination and surgical technique. A prospective 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Fornell Jan , Johansson Lars‐Åke , Bolin Anders , Isaksson Sten , Sennerby Lars 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Background: Survival rates of implants placed in transalveolar sinus floor augmentation sites are comparable with those placed in non‐augmented sites. Flapless implant surgery can minimize postoperative morbidity, alveolar bone resorption and crestal bone loss. The use of cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) provides 3D presentations with reduced dose exposure.
Objectives: To evaluate a flapless, CBCT‐guided transalveolar sinus floor elevation technique with simultaneous implant installation.
Material and methods: Fourteen consecutive patients in need of maxillary sinus floor augmentation were enrolled in this study. Preoperative CBCT with a titanium screwpost as an indicator at the intended implant position was used to visually guide the flapless surgical procedure. Twenty one implants all with a length of 10 mm and a diameter of 4.1 and 4.8 mm were inserted and followed clinically and with CBCT for 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Intraoral radiographs were taken for comparison. All patients were provided with permanent prosthetic constructions 8–12 weeks after implant surgery.
Results: Ten (47.6%) implants were inserted in residual bone of 2.6–4.9 mm and 11 (52.3%) implants were inserted in residual bone of 5–8.9 mm. No implants were lost after surgery and follow‐up. There was no marginal bone loss during the follow‐up verified by CBCT. The implants penetrated on average 4.4 mm (SD 2.1 mm) into the sinus cavity and the mean bone gain was 3 mm (SD 2.1 mm).
Conclusion: Flapless transalveolar sinus lift procedures visually guided by preoperative CBCT can successfully be used to enable placement, successful healing and loading of one to three implants in residual bone height of 2.6–8.9 mm. There was no marginal bone loss during the 3–12 months follow‐up.
To cite this article: Fornell J, Johansson L‐Å, Bolin A, Isaksson S, Sennerby L. Flapless, CBCT‐guided osteotome sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant installation. I: radiographic examination and surgical technique. A prospective 1‐year follow‐up. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 28–34. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02151.x
Platform switching and matrix metalloproteinase‐8 levels in peri‐implant sulcular fluid
Authors: Canullo Luigi , Iannello Giuliano , Netuschil Lutz , Jepsen Søren 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectives: The concept of platform switching has been introduced to implant therapy, however long‐term data are sparse. The aim of this study was to biochemically investigate the inflammatory response mediated by MMP‐8 to platform switching after 3 years of loading, in order to understand the long‐term effect of implant/abutment mismatching on peri‐implant health.Methods: A total of 70 implants had been inserted in the posterior maxilla in 26 patients and were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment regimens (implant diameter 3.8 [control group], 4.3 [Test group 1, T1], 4.8 [Test group 2, T2] and 5.5 mm [Test group 3, T3]). All implants were restored using a 3.8 mm abutment. In the test groups, this restoration resulted in a mismatching of 0.25–0.85 mm of implant–abutment diameters.Results: Thirty‐six months after prosthetic rehabilitation, peri‐implant sulcular fluid samples were taken from two aspects of all implants and from periodontally healthy adjacent teeth. Samples were processed in a conventional ELISA using monoclonal antibodies recognizing the active entity of MMP‐8. In the test groups, MMP‐8 mean values were 2.76 ng for T1 (SD: 2.91), 3.30 ng for T2 (SD: 1.94) and 3.18 ng for T3 (SD: 2.46). For the control group, MMP‐8 mean value was 3.6 ng (SD: 2.23), whereas 3.38 ng (SD: 2.2) was recorded at the adjacent teeth. There were no statistically significant differences in MMP‐8 values between the groups (P=0.113, Kruskal–Wallis).Conclusions: The presence of an implant/abutment mismatching specific for this prosthetic concept is compatible with long‐term peri‐implant health as demonstrated by analysis of a sensitive biomarker of the peri‐implant inflammatory response.
The effect of calcium ion concentration on the bone response to oxidized titanium implants
Authors: Kang Byung‐Soo , Sul Young‐Taeg , Johansson Carina B. , Oh Se‐Jung , Lee Hyun‐Ju , Albrektsson Tomas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim: To investigate the effect of calcium concentration on the bone tissue response to Ca‐incorporated titanium implantsMaterials and methods: Two titanium surfaces containing 4.2% and 6.6% calcium were prepared using the micro‐arc oxidation process. The implants were inserted in the tibia of nine New Zealand White rabbits. After 6 weeks of healing, the bone response to the implants was quantitatively compared by biomechanical and histomorphometrical measurements.Results: Ca 4.2% and Ca 6.6% containing implants revealed no distinctive differences in their qualitative surface chemistry; chemical bonding state of Ca in titanium oxide was mainly calcium titanates. No significant differences were observed between two implants in peak removal torque and shear strength comparisons (P>0.05). Histomorphometrical analyses presented no significant differences in bone–metal contact, bone area and newly formed bone measurements between two implants (P>0.05).Conclusions: From biomechanical and histomorphometrical measurements, the two calcium concentrations in this study did not differ significantly with respect to their influence on the bone tissue response. This similar bone response in rabbit tibiae may be explained by the similarity of the qualitative Ca chemistry in titanium surfaces.
In vivo Monitoring of epidermal absorption of hazardous substances by confocal Raman micro‐spectroscopy
Authors: Broding Horst Christoph , van der Pol André , de Sterke Johanna , Monsé Christian , Fartasch Manigé , Brüning Thomas 
Published: March 2011

Summary Background: Presently, percutaneous absorption of potentially hazardous chemicals in humans can only be assessed in animal experiments, in vitro, or predicted mathematically. Our aim was to demonstrate the proof‐of‐principle of a novel quantitative in vivo assay for percutaneous absorption: confocal Raman micro‐spectroscopy (CRS). The advantages and limitations of CRS for health risk assessments are discussed. Patients and Methods: 2‐butoxyethanol, toluene, and pyrene were applied in pure form, diluted in water, or in ethanol on the skin of three healthy volunteers. CRS measurements were done following application for 15 min and 3 hours. The concentrations of the three substances as a function of distance to the skin surface were calculated and further analyzed with regard to mass transport into the stratum corneum (μg/cm2) and the flux through the stratum corneum (μg/cm2h). The results were compared with the available data from literature. Results: Considering the preliminary nature of these data, good accordance with data from the literature was observed. In addition, we observed that 2‐butoxyethanol penetrates markedly faster when dissolved in water as compared to ethanol. This observation is also in agreement with previous results. Conclusions: CRS has the potential to provide fast, accurate and reliable results for advanced studies of in vivo percutaneous absorption kinetics of hazardous substances in human skin. This will require further research with other substances and under differing conditions.
Update on monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of cancer
Authors: DAVIS Ian D 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe use of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of cancer has generated increasing interest in recent years as more antibodies become available and demonstrate clinical utility. This article reviews the available evidence for the use of three monoclonal antibodies: one – ipilimumab – pending approval in Australia, and two – panitumubab and cetuximab – that has been recently approved. Ipilimubab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that targets cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated antigen‐4 to increase the activation of T cells, while panitumumab and cetuximab both target the epidermal growth factor. The clinical effectiveness of these treatments has been demonstrated, and careful biological studies have shown factors that predict for both response and resistance. This review outlines some of these factors.
A third H i 21-cm absorption system in the sight-line of MG J0414+0534: a redshift for Object X?
Authors: Curran S. J. , Whiting M. T. , Tanna A. , Bignell C. , Webb J. K. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
We report the detection of the third Hi 21-cm absorber in the sight-line towards the z= 2.64 quasar MG J0414+0534 (4C+05.19). In addition to the absorption at the host redshift and in the z= 0.96 gravitational lens, we find, through a decimetre-wave spectral scan towards this source, strong absorption at z= 0.38. We believe this may be associated with ‘Object X’, an additional feature apparent in the field of the lensing galaxy and lensed images, on the basis of its close proximity to the quasar images and the possible detection of the [Oiii] doublet in a published optical spectrum. If real, the strength of the [Oiii] emission would suggest the presence of an active galactic nucleus, or a gas-rich galaxy undergoing rapid star formation, either of which is consistent with the strong outflows apparent in the 21-cm spectrum. Although this is the strongest intervening 21-cm absorber found to date (a column density of NHI≳ 1022 cm−2, for a modest Ts/f≳ 300 K), simultaneous observations failed to detect any of the 18-cm OH lines at the 21-cm redshift. This suggests that, as for the lensing galaxy, this is not the primary location of the intervening material responsible for the very red colour of MG J0414+0534.
Phenomenal Concepts
Authors: Sundström Pär 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIt’s a common idea in philosophy that we possess concepts of a peculiar kind by which we can think about our conscious states in ‘inner’ and ‘direct’ ways, as for example, when I attend to the way a current pain feels and think about this feeling as such. Such ‘phenomenal concepts’ figure in a variety of theoretical contexts. The bulk of this article discusses their use in a certain strategy – thephenomenal concept strategy– for defending the physicalist view that conscious states are reducible to brain states. It also considers, more briefly, how phenomenal concepts have been used to defend dualism about consciousness, and how they have been used to explain our special access to our consciousness. It concludes with a discussion about whether, and in what more precise sense of the term, we at all possess ‘phenomenal concepts’ of our conscious states.
Wnt signalling in murine postnatal mammary gland development
Authors: Jardé T. , Dale T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe mammary gland undergoes numerous developmental processes postnatally, from the elongation of the ductal tree‐like structure to pregnancy‐induced lobulo‐alveolar development. Mammary epithelial stem cells have been suggested to be central to the control of enormous tissue expansion and remodelling during phases of mammary development. The Wnt signalling pathway plays a critical role in these biological steps and is suggested to be involved in the maintenance of the stem cell population. This review provides insight into recent findings on the activity of Wnt signalling during ductal and lobular mammary development and discusses the potential interplay between Wnt signals and mammary stem cells in mice.
Biotechnological uses of enzymes from psychrophiles
Authors: Cavicchioli R. , Charlton T. , Ertan H. , Omar S. Mohd , Siddiqui K. S. , Williams T. J. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe bulk of the Earth's biosphere is cold (e.g. 90% of the ocean's waters are ≤ 5°C), sustaining a broad diversity of microbial life. The permanently cold environments vary from the deep ocean to alpine reaches and to polar regions. Commensurate with the extent and diversity of the ecosystems that harbour psychrophilic life, the functional capacity of the microorganisms that inhabitat the cold biosphere are equally diverse. As a result, indigenous psychrophilic microorganisms provide an enormous natural resource of enzymes that function effectively in the cold, and these cold‐adapted enzymes have been targeted for their biotechnological potential. In this review we describe the main properties of enzymes from psychrophiles and describe some of their known biotechnological applications and ways to potentially improve their value for biotechnology. The review also covers the use of metagenomics for enzyme screening, the development of psychrophilic gene expression systems and the use of enzymes for cleaning.
Assessment of extreme flood characteristics based on a dynamic‐stochastic model of runoff generation and the probable maximum discharge
Authors: Kuchment L.S. , Gelfan A.N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA dynamic‐stochastic model of flood generation consisting of a distributed physically based model of snowmelt runoff genesis and a stochastic weather generator has been used for the assessment of extreme flood risk. Coupling this model with Monte‐Carlo simulations of meteorological series allows one to calculate long series of runoff hydrographs and the exceedance probabilities of flood peak discharges and volumes. The implementation of such a dynamic‐stochastic methodology may provide an improvement in extreme flood risk assessment in comparison with the traditional flood frequency analysis of the hydrological series. However, for very rare events, the uncertainty in estimating flood risk may increase significantly. To decrease this uncertainty, it has been suggested to combine the peak discharge series obtained by dynamic‐stochastic simulations with the probable maximum discharge (PMD) calculated through the physically based model of snowmelt runoff generation. This combination is achieved by fitting the estimated exceedance probabilities of simulated peak discharges by the Johnson distribution with the PMD as the parameter. The sensitivity of the fitted Johnson distribution to the errors of the PMD estimations is analysed. A case study in Russia is carried out for the Vyatka River basin (the catchment area is 124 000 km2).
Enhancement of radiographic images in patients with lung nodules
Authors: Rajab Maher I. , Eskandar Ayman A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDetection of lung nodules in a chest Radiograph is very difficult due to sensitivity to noise, lighting, and similar disturbances of the blood vessels and trachea. Therefore, such images need to be carefully examined to identify and characterize lung lesions. However, human interpretations are usually contradictory and may cause confusion. Current works propose an image processing technique based on frequency domain processing to clarify X‐ray radiographic images taken in patients with a variety of lung lesions. The Picture Archiving and Communication Systems workstation allows transferring radiographic data from DICOM into JPEG image formats. In the preprocessing phase, the lung nodules are identified by an experienced chest radiologist and used for extracting regions of interest. Subsequently, low‐pass followed by emphasis high‐pass frequency filters are applied to enhance the images with appropriate cut‐off frequencies. It has been found that high‐frequency domain image filtering enhances the morphological features of lung masses. Enhanced images are then visually arbitrated by an expert radiologist. We found that the characteristics of lung lesions are easily identified after this process.