bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients having haemodialysis: physical activity and associated factors
Authors: Li Mingzi , Li Liping , Fan Xiaozhi 
Published: April 2010

li m., li l. & fan x. (2010) Patients having haemodialysis: physical activity and associated factors. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(6), 1338–1345.AbstractTitle.  Patients having haemodialysis: physical activity and associated factors. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study exploring the physical activity status of Beijing patients having haemodialysis and its associated factors.Background.  Inactivity is widely regarded as a risk factor for the development and progression of chronic diseases. Patients having dialysis could obtain important health benefits by participating in a moderate amount of physical activity.Methods.  A cross‐sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted in 2008 at outpatient haemodialysis centres of two tertiary Peking University‐affiliated hospitals. Physical activity status and health status were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the medical outcomes study Short Form 36‐Item Questionnaire respectively.Result.  The participants were 95 men and 92 women aged from 18 to 86 years (median 59 years). Transport‐related walking and household work were the main types of physical activity. Median of metabolic equivalent‐minutes/week was 1743·0 (0–13482·0); 26·7% of participants were inactive and 73·3% were minimally active or active. Factors associated with physical activity energy expenditure were age (ρ = −0·334 P < 0·001), serum albumin concentration (ρ = 0·155 P < 0·05), physical function (ρ = 0·469 P < 0·001) and physical component summary (ρ = 0·315 P < 0·001) scores on the Short Form 36‐Item Questionnaire.Conclusion.  Advice on exercise is needed for patients having haemodialysis, especially for young patients. Individualized physical activity programmes are strongly recommended for patients having haemodialysis, according to their physical capacity.
Randomized controlled trials of interventions to change maladaptive illness beliefs in people with coronary heart disease: systematic review
Authors: Goulding Lucy , Furze Gill , Birks Yvonne 
Published: April 2010

goulding l., furze g. & birks y. (2010) Randomized controlled trials of interventions to change maladaptive illness beliefs in people with coronary heart disease: systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(5), 946–961.AbstractTitle.  Randomized controlled trials of interventions to change maladaptive illness beliefs in people with coronary heart disease: systematic review. Aim.  This paper is a report of a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of interventions to change maladaptive illness beliefs in people with coronary heart disease, and was conducted to determine whether such interventions were effective in changing maladaptive beliefs, and to assess any consequent change in coping and outcome.Background.  An increasing body of evidence suggests that faulty beliefs can lead to maladaptive behaviours and, in turn, to poor outcomes. However, the effectiveness of interventions to change such faulty illness beliefs in people with coronary heart disease is unknown.Data sources.  Multiple data bases were searched using a systematic search strategy. In addition, reference lists of included papers were checked and key authors in the field contacted.Review methods.  The systematic review included randomized controlled trials with adults of any age with a diagnosis of coronary heart disease and an intervention aimed at changing cardiac beliefs. The primary outcome measured was change in beliefs about coronary heart disease.Results.  Thirteen trials met the inclusion criteria. Owing to the heterogeneity of these studies, quantitative synthesis was not practicable. Descriptive synthesis of the results suggested that cognitive behavioural and counselling/education interventions can be effective in changing beliefs. The effects of changing beliefs on behavioural, functional and psychological outcomes remain unclear.Conclusion.  While some interventions may be effective in changing beliefs in people with coronary heart disease, the effect of these changes on outcome is not clear. Further high quality research is required before firmer guidance can be given to clinicians on the most effective method to dispel cardiac misconceptions.
Burnout in nurses – the relationship between social capital in hospitals and emotional exhaustion
Authors: Kowalski Christoph , Ommen Oliver , Driller Elke , Ernstmann Nicole , Wirtz Markus A , Köhler Thorsten , Pfaff Holger 
Published: April 2010

Aims. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between a hospital’s social capital, individual decision latitude, workload and emotional exhaustion in nurses, controlling for age, sex, years of professional experience and job tenure.Background. In western countries between 15–45% of nurses working in hospitals suffer from burnout, characterised by emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and decreased personal performance. The prevention of burnout constitutes a great challenge to those responsible for the health care system, not least because burnout may cause increasing turnover rates in nurses and lead to medical mistakes.Design. Survey.Method. A questionnaire was mailed to 1325 nurses working at four hospitals in east and west Germany in 2002. Nine hundred and fifty nine nurses responded (response rate: 72·4%).Results. Logistic regression identified three significant predictors of emotional exhaustion in nurses: workload (OR: 4·523, CI: 3·230–6·333) was positively associated with emotional exhaustion. Decision latitude (OR: 0·376, CI: 0·254–0·557) and social capital in the hospitals (OR: 0·549, CI: 0·403–0·746) were negatively associated with emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion was not affected by age, sex, years of professional experience and job tenure. Nagelkerke′s PseudoR2was 0·225.Conclusions. The findings underline the importance of social capital and organisational development in hospital management.Relevance to clinical practice. Efforts to create a good working atmosphere with readiness to provide mutual support and the pursuit of joint values in a hospital, the reduction of workload and increased decision latitude may prevent the development of emotional exhaustion in nurses.
Nurses’ perception of nursing workforce and its impact on the managerial outcomes in emergency departments
Authors: Hu Yi‐Chun , Chen Jih‐Chang , Chiu Hsiao‐Ting , Shen Hsi‐Che , Chang Wen‐Yin 
Published: April 2010

Aims.  (1) To understand nurses’ subjective perceptions of the current nursing workforce in their emergency departments, (2) to examine the relationship between nurses’ workforce perceptions and its impact on the managerial outcomes and (3) to analyse the correlation between nurses’ characteristics and the scores on workforce perception.Background.  While the association between workforce perceptions and nurse outcomes is well‐documented, few studies have examined how emergency department nurses perceive current workforce and related outcomes.Design.  A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey.Method.  A self‐reported workforce perception questionnaire was used to survey 538 registered nurses in the emergency departments of 19 hospitals in northern Taiwan, during May to October 2006. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi‐square test, independent t‐test, Pearson correlation and one‐way anova.Results.  The mean score of workforce perception was 6·28 points (total = 10 points). Both overtime (p = 0·02) and number of callbacks on days off (p = 0·01) were significantly correlated to current nursing workforce and hospital level. Older nurses tended to have more emergency department experience (r = 0·37; p = 0·01) and those with more emergency department experience tended to have vacation accumulation (r = 0·09; p = 0·04), overtime (r = 0·10; p = 0·03) and better perception of their emergency department’s current workforce (r = 0·09; p = 0·05).Conclusions.  Although nurses’ perceptions were found to be only moderate, overtime and number of callbacks on days off are potential problems that should be addressed by nursing leaders to benefit future emergency nurses.Relevance to clinical practice.  The findings can help drive strategies to ensure adequate staffing, to stabilise the nursing workforce and to prevent nurses from burnout factors such as working long hours, unpredictable schedules and a stressful work environment that may impact both the quality of emergency care and the quality of the nurses’ work environment.
Older nursing home residents’ experiences with videoconferencing to communicate with family members
Authors: Tsai Hsiu‐Hsin , Tsai Yun‐Fang 
Published: April 2010

Aim.  This study explored the experiences of older Taiwanese nursing home residents in using videoconferencing to communicate with family members.Background.  Enhancing communication between long‐term care residents and their family is important. Interactions between residents and their family members can be increased through high‐tech videoconferencing programmes.Design.  A qualitative, observational research design was used to gain a deeper understanding of the videoconference experiences of older nursing home residents in Taiwan.Methods.  In‐depth interviews were used to gather information from 34 older residents at 10 nursing homes in northern Taiwan. Participants were asked to describe their three‐month experience using videoconference communication with their family in the nursing home. Participants (18 women, 16 men) had an average age of 75·38  (SD 10·19, range 60–95). Verbatim transcripts of audiotaped interviews were analysed by content analysis and Atlas.ti software.Results.  Participants experiences using videoconference communication with family members were captured by four themes: enriched life, second‐best option for visiting, life adjustments and true picture of family life.Relevance to clinical practice.  Our findings may enhance policy makers’ and healthcare providers’ understanding of older nursing home residents’ experience with videoconferencing to communicate with distant family members, thus guiding development and evaluation of nursing home videoconference services to improve older people’s lives in nursing homes.
Eukaryotic behaviour of a prokaryotic energy‐transducing membrane: fully detached vesicular organelles arise by budding from the Rhodobacter sphaeroides intracytoplasmic photosynthetic membrane
Authors: Niederman Robert A. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryA major feature that distinguishes prokaryotic organisms from eukaryotes is their less complex internal structure, in which all membrane‐associated functions are thought to be present within a continuous lipid–protein bilayer, rather than with distinct organelles. Contrary to this notion, as described by Tucker and co‐workers in this issue of Molecular Microbiology, the application of cryo‐electron tomography to the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides has demonstrated a heretofore unrecognized ultrastructural complexity within the intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM) housing the photosynthetic apparatus. In addition to distinguishing invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) and interconnected vesicular structures still attached to the CM, a eukaryote‐like ICM budding process was revealed, which results in the formation of fully detached vesicular structures. These bacterial organelles are able to carry out both the light‐harvesting and light‐driven energy transduction activities necessary for the cells to assume a photosynthetic lifestyle. Their formation is shown to represent the final stage in a membrane invagination and growth process, originating with small CM indentations, which after cell disruption give rise to a membrane fraction that can be separated from mature ICM vesicles by rate‐zone sedimentation.
A dual‐function sRNA from B. subtilis: SR1 acts as a peptide encoding mRNA on the gapA operon
Authors: Gimpel Matthias , Heidrich Nadja , Mäder Ulrike , Krügel Hans , Brantl Sabine 
Published: April 2010

SummarySmall non‐coding RNAs (sRNAs) have been found to regulate gene expression in all three kingdoms of life. So far, relatively little is known about sRNAs from Gram‐positive bacteria. SR1 is a regulatory sRNA from the Bacillus subtilis chromosome that inhibits by base‐pairing translation initiation of ahrC mRNA encoding a transcriptional activator of the arginine catabolic operons. Here we present a novel target of SR1, the glycolytic gapA operon. Both microarray and Northern blot analyses show that the amount of gapA operon mRNA is significantly higher in the presence of SR1 when cells were grown in complex medium until stationary phase. Translational lacZ fusions and toeprinting analyses demonstrate that SR1 does not promote translation of gapA mRNA. By contrast, the half‐life of gapA operon mRNA is strongly reduced in the sr1 knockout strain. SR1 does not act as a base‐pairing sRNA on gapA operon mRNA. Instead, we demonstrate that the 39 aa peptide encoded by SR1, SR1P, is responsible for the effect of SR1 on the gapA operon. We show that SR1P binds GapA, thereby stabilizing the gapA operon mRNA by a hitherto unknown mechanism. SR1 is the first dual‐function sRNA found in B. subtilis.
Underdeveloped embryos and germination in Aristolochia galeata seeds
Authors: Alves‐Da‐Silva D. , Borghetti F. , Thompson K. , Pritchard H. , Grime J. P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAristolochiaceae have been described as having seeds with underdeveloped embryos and morphological or morphophysiological dormancy. Aristolochia galeata is a native climber found in the Cerrado biome, associated with road and gallery forest edges. The aims of this study were to investigate: embryo growth rate, morphology and seed germination parameters under different treatments. Embryos were excised to obtain embryo length at four stages: initial, seeds after coat rupture, radicle tip protrusion and cotyledon emergence from the seed coat. Germination tests were conducted at 30 °C under three nitrate concentrations (1, 10 and 20 mM), fluctuating temperature (27/20 °C) and light and dark conditions. We found that seeds have underdeveloped embryos, which take about 301 ± 178 h (±SD) to achieve seed coat rupture, another 205 ± 126 h to reach radicle protrusion and 176 ± 76 h more to the final stage of cotyledon emergence. Germinability was above 52% in all treatments, except in the dark (15%). For all treatments, average germination time was above 290 ± 123 h. Potassium nitrate increased germinability to >87%. No particular treatment was required for embryo development, but seeds in the population that continued to germinate after 1 month were probably in various states of non‐deep, simple morphophysiological dormancy. Increased germinability in nitrate treatments and light requirement for germination could prevent germination under unsuitable environmental conditions and be a strategy to increase seedling establishment in the cerrado.
Distribution of lignin monomers and the evolution of lignification among lower plants
Authors: Espiñeira J. M. , Novo Uzal E. , Gómez Ros L. V. , Carrión J. S. , Merino F. , Ros Barceló A. , Pomar F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThrough application of chemical, biochemical and histochemical analyses, we provide new data on the absence/presence of syringyl lignins in the algal species Mastocarpus stellatus, Cystoseira baccata and Ulva rigida, the bryophytes Physcomitrella patens and Marchantia polymorpha, the lycophytes Selaginella martensii, Isoetes fluitans and Isoetes histrix, the sphenophyte Equisetum telmateia, the ferns Ceratopteris thalictroides, Ceratopteris cornuta, Pteridium aquilinum, Phyllitis scolopendrium and Dryopteris affinis, and the angiosperm Posidonia oceanica. Lignins, and especially syringyl lignins, are distributed from non‐vascular basal land plants, such as liverworts, to lycopods and ferns. This distribution, along with the already reported presence of syringyl lignins in ginkgoopsids, suggests that syringyl lignin is a primitive character in land plant evolution. Here, we discuss whether the pathway for sinapyl alcohol recruitment was iterative during the evolution of land plants or, alternatively, was incorporated into the earliest land plants and subsequently repressed in several basal liverworts, lycopods, equisetopsids and ferns. This last hypothesis, which is supported by recent studies of transcriptional regulation of the biosynthesis of lignins, implies that lignification originated as a developmental enabler in the peripheral tissues of protracheophytes and would only later have been co‐opted for the strengthening of tracheids in eutracheophytes.
Sensory processing and stereotypical and repetitive behaviour in children with autism and intellectual disability
Authors: Joosten Annette V. , Bundy Anita C. 
Published: April 2010

Background:  Sensory processing disorders have been linked to stereotypical behaviours in children with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to anxiety in children with ASD. In earlier phases of this study with the same participants, we found that those with both ASD and ID were more motivated than those with ID alone to engage in stereotypical behaviour to alleviate anxiety. In this phase, we confirmed that children with both ASD and ID and those with ID alone process sensation differently than typically developing children. We asked: Do the sensory processing difficulties of children with ASD and ID differ significantly from those of children with ID alone in a way that would help explain the increased anxiety of the former group?Method:  Parents of children with ASD and ID (n = 29; mean age 9.7 years) and with ID alone (n = 23; mean age 9.5 years) completed a Sensory Profile (SP) to provide information about their children's sensory processing abilities. SP quadrant scores for each group were compared with each other and with the published norms of typically developing children.Results:  Children with ASD and ID and with ID alone processed sensory information differently than typically developing children (P = 0.0001;d = > 2.00). Children with both ASD and ID were significantly more sensitive (P = 0.007;d = 0.70) and avoidant (P < 0.05;d = 0.47) than the children with ID alone.Conclusion:  We conclude that increased sensitivity and the tendency to avoid sensation may help explain anxiety in children with autism.
Renal length nomogram in Hong Kong Asian children: sonographic measurement and multivariable approach
Authors: Luk Wing Hang , Lo Adrian Xu Ning , Au‐Yeung Andrea Wai San , Liu Karen Ka Yee , Woo Yip Hin , Chiang Chilene Chi Lin , Lo Kitty Kit Lin 
Published: April 2010

Aim:  The purpose of our study was to build a multiple renal length nomogram for Hong Kong Asian children based on normal renal ultrasonography.Methods:  All children below the age of 13 years, who underwent ultrasonography in a local Hospital in Hong Kong from 23 September 2008 to 31January 2009 due to melamine exposure were identified.Results:  A total of 3031 normal children were identified. Hong Kong Asian children have smaller kidneys as compared with the Western. Age, body weight and body height are the significant factors in the multiple nomogram model of renal length. The interaction between body ln(weight) (ln stands for natural logarithm) and age as well as body height and age are also significant in the model.Conclusion:  Our study provides a practical multiple nomogram of renal length for Hong Kong Asian children.
Assessment of kidney function in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chadban S , Howell M , Twigg S , Thomas M , Jerums G , Cass A , Campbell D , Nicholls K , Tong A , Mangos G , Stack A , MacIsaac RJ , Girgis S , Colagiuri R , Colagiuri S , Craig J 
Published: April 2010

Date written: April 2009Final submission: April 2009
Prevention and management of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes
Authors: S Chadban , M Howell , S Twigg , M Thomas , G Jerums , A Cass , D Campbell , K Nicholls , A Tong , G Mangos , A Stack , RJ MacIsaac , S Girgis , R Colagiuri , S Colagiuri , J Craig 
Published: April 2010

Date written: April 2009Final submission: April 2009
The clinical advances of fluorine‐2‐D‐deoxyglucose – positron emission tomography/computed tomography in urological cancers
Authors: Avril Norbert , Dambha Fatima , Murray Iain , Shamash Jonathan , Powles Tom , Sahdev Anju 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFluorine‐18 labeled fluorine‐2‐D‐deoxyglucose (FDG) is the most frequently used positron emission tomography (PET) probe but it has certain limitations when used in urological cancers. The introduction of co‐registered PET and computed tomography (PET/CT) represents a major advance in technology and FDG‐PET/CT has now become the new standard. The diagnostic performance of FDG‐PET and PET/CT depends on the metabolic activity of tumor tissue, which is generally low in primary renal cell and prostate cancers and often in their metastatic deposits. In contrast, both seminomatous and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors are characterized by upregulated glucose metabolism with subsequently increased FDG uptake in tumor sites. Generally, the metabolic activity provides accurate information regarding the presence of a viable tumor, except in patients with residual mature teratoma. Although bladder cancer demonstrates sufficiently increased FDG uptake, primary tumors are difficult to identify due to the renal excretion of FDG. The accuracy of FDG‐PET/CT in metabolically active metastases is generally higher compared to conventional CT except for identifying small lung deposits. With disease progression and subsequent de‐differentiation of prostate cancer, castrate resistant disease is more likely to present with lesions that have increased glucose metabolism.
Sustained activation of ERK signaling in astrocytes is critical for neuronal injury‐induced monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 production in rat corticostriatal slice cultures
Authors: Katayama Takahiro , Sakaguchi Emi , Komatsu Yosuke , Oguma Takahiro , Uehara Takashi , Minami Masabumi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) treatment (50 μm, 3 h) induced astrocytic production of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1, CCL2), a CC chemokine implicated in ischemic and excitotoxic brain injury, in rat corticostriatal slice cultures. In this study, we investigated the signaling mechanisms for NMDA‐induced MCP‐1 production in slice cultures. The results showed a close correlation between NMDA‐induced neuronal injury and MCP‐1 production, and an abrogation of NMDA‐induced MCP‐1 production in NMDA‐pretreated slices where neuronal cells had been eliminated. These results collectively indicate that NMDA‐induced neuronal injury led to astrocytic MCP‐1 production. NMDA‐induced MCP‐1 production was significantly inhibited by U0126, an inhibitor of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). Immunostaining for phosphorylated ERK revealed that transient neuronal ERK activation was initially induced and subsided within 30 min, followed by sustained ERK activation in astrocytes. Treatment with U0126 during only the early phase (U0126 was washed out at 15 or 30 min after NMDA administration) suppressed early activation of ERK in neuronal cells, but not later activation of ERK in astrocytes. In this case, MCP‐1 production was not suppressed, suggesting that activation of neuronal ERK is not necessary for MCP‐1 production. In contrast, delayed application of U0126 at 3 h after the beginning of NMDA treatment inhibited MCP‐1 production to the same degree as that observed when U0126 was applied from 3 h before NMDA administration. These findings suggest that sustained activation of the ERK signaling pathway in astrocytes plays a key role in neuronal injury‐induced MCP‐1 production.