bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new campanulate flowered species from Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand
Authors: Rodda Michele , Juhonewe Nadhanielle Simonsson 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA new species, Hoya mappigera is described and illustrated. Despite its oldest herbarium record being more one century old it has been confused up to now with either the co‐occurring Hoya campanulata or the Singapore endemic Hoya wallichii because of the common presence of showy, broadly campanulate corollas. A close examination of the corona morphology revealed that the closest morphological match is neither of these species but instead the recently described Brunei endemic Hoya wongii. The two species can be easily separated because the latter has bi‐toothed inner corona lobes whereas the new species presents sulcate inner corona lobes ending in an acuminate tip. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurement of epithelial thickness within the oral cavity using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Prestin Sven , Rothschild Sacha I. , Betz Christian Stephan , Kraft Marcel 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to determine normal values of epithelial thickness within the oral cavity by using optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsIn a total of 143 healthy test persons, epithelial thickness of the oral mucosa was determined with the help of OCT separately for each side at 7 different locations. Special attention was directed to those sites having the highest incidence for the development of dysplasias and carcinomas.ResultsThe epithelium demonstrated a varying thickness depending on its location within the oral cavity. The highest values were found in the region of the buccal mucosa (294 μm) and the hard palate (239 μm), whereas the thinnest epithelium was measured at the floor of the mouth (99 μm).ConclusionOur data serve as reference values for detecting oral malignancy and determining the approximate grade of dysplasia. In this circumstance, a differentiated view of the different regions is important due to a variation in thickness of the epithelium within the oral cavity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Imaging the inhibition by anti‐β1 integrin antibody of lung seeding of single osteosarcoma cells in live mice
Authors: Kimura Hiroaki , Tome Yasunori , Momiyama Masashi , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Bouvet Michael , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIntegrins play a role in tumor growth and metastasis. However, the effect of integrin inhibition has not been visualized on single cancer cells in vivo. In this study, we used a powerful subcellular in vivo imaging model to demonstrate how an anti‐integrin antibody affects seeding and growth of osteosarcoma cells on the lung. The 143B human osteosarcoma cell line, expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) in the cytoplasm and green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the nucleus, was established. Such double‐labeled cells enable imaging of apoptosis and mitosis and other nuclear‐cytoplasmic dynamics. Using the double‐labeled osteosarcoma cells, single cancer‐cell seeding in the lung after i.v. injection of osteosarcoma cells was imaged. The anti‐β1 integrin monoclonal antibody, AIIB2, greatly inhibited the seeding of cancer cells on the lung (experimental metastasis) while a control antibody had no effect. To image the efficacy of the anti‐integrin antibody on spontaneous metastasis, mice with orthotopically‐growing 143B‐RFP cells in the tibia were also treated with AIIB2 or control anti‐rat IgG1 antibody. After 3 weeks treatment, mice were sacrificed and primary tumors and lung metastases were evaluated with fluorescence imaging. AIIB2 significantly inhibited spontaneous lung metastasis but not primary tumor growth, possibly due to inhibition of lung seeding of the cancer cells as imaged in the experimental metastasis study. AIIB2 treatment also increased survival of mice with orthotopically growing 143B‐RFP.
Density functional theory calculation of cyclic carboxylic phosphorus mixed anhydrides as possible intermediates in biochemical reactions: Implications for the Pro‐Tide approach
Authors: Ricci Antonio , Brancale Andrea 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCyclic acyl phosphoramidates (CAPAs) are important components in several fundamental biological reactions such as protein synthesis and phosphorylation. These structures are particularly interesting in the nucleotide pro‐drug approach, Pro‐Tide, since they are putative intermediates in one of the hydrolysis steps required for activation. The central role played by the amino acid carboxylate function suggests first the formation of a cyclic mixed phosphorus anhydride, rapidly followed by water attack. To investigate such speculations, we performed quantum mechanical calculations using the B3LYP/6‐311+G** level of theory for the plausible mechanisms of action considered. In the five‐membered ring case, transition state theory demonstrated how the overall, gas‐phase, mechanism of action could be split into two in‐line addition–elimination (A–E) steps separated by a penta‐coordinate phosphorane intermediate. The difference between five‐membered and six‐membered ring first A–E was also explored, revealing a single step, unimolecular reaction for the six‐membered ring A–E profile. Implicit solvent contribution further confirmed the importance of CAPAs as reactive intermediates in such kind of reactions. Lastly, the second A–E pathway was analyzed to understand the complete pathway of the reaction. This analysis is the first attempt to clarify the putative mechanism of action involved in the activation of Pro‐Tides and casts light also on the possible mechanism of action involved in primordial protein syntheses, strengthening the hypothesis of a common cyclic mixed phosphorus anhydride species as a common intermediate. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deep Desulfurization of Light Oil through Extraction and Oxidation Processes using H2O2/Tungstophosphoric Acid in Room‐temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Chuang Li‐Lin , Huang Jung‐Fu , Lo Wen‐Hen , Wei Guor‐Tzo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this research, using room‐temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as the solvents to combine solvent extraction and chemical oxidation processes in one‐pot operation for the desulfurization of fuel oil was pursued. In this solvent extraction and chemical oxidation desulfurization (SECOD), RTILs as media are immiscible with oil; sulfur compounds in oil are extracted into RTILs and oxidized thereafter to the corresponding sulfones by H2O2/TPA (tungstophosphoric acid). During SECOD, these high polar sulfones partition mainly in the ionic liquid phase. Hence, it results in their continuous removal from oil, which leads to deep desulfurization. To study the SECOD, we employed dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6‐dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6‐DMDBT) in hexadecane as model oil systems and compared the effects of RTILs on the removal of DBT and 4,6‐DMDBT. The desulfurization rates followed the order OMIM+PF6− > BMIM+PF6− > BMIM+BF4−. Both OMIM+PF6− and BMIM+PF6− are water‐immiscible and form three‐phase (oil–water–ionic liquid) reaction systems; these three‐phase systems offer higher removal efficiencies of sulfur compounds from oil. Under the optimized conditions, SECOD process reduced the sulfur content of diesel light oil from 897 to 42 ppm (i.e., 95% desulfurization efficiency) in a one‐batch operation.
Alkaline sulfite/anthraquinone pretreatment followed by disk refining ofPinus radiataandPinus caribaeawood chips for biochemical ethanol production
Authors: Franco Heriberto , Ferraz André , Milagres Adriane M. F. , Carvalho Walter , Freer Juanita , Baeza Jaime , Mendonça Regis Teixeira 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Alkaline sulfite/anthraquinone (ASA) cooking ofPinus radiataandPinus caribaeawood chips followed by disk refining was used as a pretreatment for the production of low lignified and high fibrillated pulps. The pulps produced with different delignification degrees and refined at different energy inputs (250, 750 and 1600 Wh) were saccharified with cellulases and fermented to ethanol withSaccharomyces cerevisiaeusing separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) or semi‐simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSSF) processes.RESULTS:Delignification of ASA pulps was between 25% and 50%, with low glucans losses. Pulp yield was from 70 to 78% for pulps ofP. radiataand 60% for the pulp ofP. caribaea. Pulps obtained after refining were evaluated in assays of enzymatic hydrolysis. Glucans‐to‐glucose conversion varied from 20 to 70%, depending on the degree of delignification and fibrillation of the pulps. The best ASA pulp ofP. radiatawas used in SHF and SSSF experiments of ethanol production. Such experiments produced maximum ethanol concentration of 20 g L−1, which represented roughly 90% of glucose conversion and an estimated amount of 260 L ethanol ton−1wood.P. caribaeapulp also presented good performance in the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation but, due to the low amount of cellulose present, only 140 L ethanol would be obtained from each ton of wood.CONCLUSION:ASA cooking followed by disk refining was shown to be an efficient pretreatment process, which generated a low lignified and high‐fibrillated substrate that allowed the production of ethanol from the softwoods with high conversion yields. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Carbon disulfide biofiltration: Influence of the accumulation of biodegradation products on biomass development
Authors: Rojo Naiara , Muñoz Raul , Gallastegui Gorka , Barona Astrid , Gurtubay Luis , Prenafeta‐Boldú Francesc X. , Elías Ana 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: This research has assessed the impact of sulfate accumulation on the performance of two biofilters treating CS2. Both biofilters were packed with a pelletized organic fertilizer and operated in downflow mode (Biofilter A) and flow reversal mode (Biofilter B). The performance of the biofilters after an excessive accumulation of sulfate has also been evaluated.RESULTS: The excessive accumulation of sulfate and the reduction in the packing material's moisture content resulted in a decrease in the initial high removal efficiency recorded during the first 50 days (approx.) of operation in both biofilters. A recovery strategy based on mixing and washing the packing material led to a sustained RE of 40 ± 9% and 62 ± 11% for Biofilters A and B, respectively. Both biofilters recovered their initial performance after irrigation. A high CO2:EC ratio suggested that secondary oxidation reactions related to heterotrophic bacteria occurred in both bioreactors. The maximum elimination capacity (ECmax) recorded in Biofilters A and B was 11.6 and 16.6 g CS2 m−3 h−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the capacity biofilters treating CS2 have to recover after sulfate accumulation episodes and the importance of optimized irrigation strategies. The benefit of the flow reversal operating mode was highlighted. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Meat fatty acid and cholesterol level of free‐range broilers fed on grasshoppers on alpine rangeland in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun Tao , Liu Zhiyun , Qin Liping , Long Ruijun 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Meat safety and nutrition are major concerns of consumers. The development of distinctive poultry production methods based on locally available natural resources is important. Grasshoppers are rich in important nutrients and occur in dense concentrations in most rangelands of northern China. Foraging chickens could be used to suppress grasshopper infestations. However, knowledge of the fatty acid content of meat from free‐range broilers reared on alpine rangeland is required.RESULTS: Rearing conditions and diet did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect concentrations of saturated fatty acid (SFA), arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid or the ratio of total n‐6 to total n‐3 fatty acids. Breast muscle of chickens that had consumed grasshoppers contained significantly (P < 0.05) less monounsaturated fatty acid, but the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)/SFA and contents of total n‐3, total n‐6 and PUFA were significantly (P > 0.05) higher than intensively reared birds. Compared with meat from intensively reared birds, meat from free‐range broilers had less cholesterol and higher concentrations of total lipid and phospholipids.CONCLUSION: Chickens eating grasshoppers in rangeland produce superior quality meat and reduce the grasshopper populations that damage the pastures. This provides an economic system of enhanced poultry‐meat production, which derives benefits from natural resources rather than artificial additives. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Inverse gas chromatographic study of the oxidation stability of lubricating base oil via linear solvation energy relationship
Authors: Moustafa Nagy Emam , Eissa Elham Ahmed , Mahmoud Kout El kloub Fars 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTLinear solvation relationship was used as a new approach to follow the oxidation steps of both naphthenic and paraffinic base oils and to compare the resistances of both oils against oxidation. The obtained results demonstrate that the values of solvation of both oils change approximately linearly with the oxidation time at constant temperature. It was found that the values of the constants change by a faster rate on oxidation of the naphthenic base oil compared with their rate of change of paraffinic oil oxidation. The changed values of solvation constants during the course of oxidation can be used to follow the initiation, propagation and termination oxidation steps. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐Assembly of Borane End‐Functionalized Polystyrene Through Tris(1‐pyrazolyl)borate (Tp) Iron(II) Linkages
Authors: Qin Yang , Shipman Patrick O. , Jäkle Frieder 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTreatment of trimethylsilane‐terminated polystyrenes with BBr3 resulted in the formation of dibromoboryl‐functionalized mono‐ or ditelechelic styrene polymers. Subsequently, the borane moieties were selectively converted to tris(1‐pyrazolyl)borate (Tp) moieties capable of transition metal coordination. These novel telechelic polymers assemble into redox‐active supramolecular polymer structures upon reaction with Fe(II) as indicated by GPC, UV–vis, and cyclic voltammetry studies.
Helical Polymer as Mimetic Enzyme Catalyzing Asymmetric Aldol Reaction
Authors: Zhang Dongyue , Ren Chonglei , Yang Wantai , Deng Jianping 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis Communication reports optically active helical substituted polyacetylenes which solely catalyzed asymmetric Aldol reaction between cyclohexanone and p‐nitrobenzaldehyde; more importantly the helical structures are found to play crucial roles in the asymmetric catalysis, with a remarkable yield and ee (both up to 80%). A synergic effect is observed between the helical structures in the polymer main chains and the pendent prolinamide moieties for successfully catalyzing the asymmetric reaction. The role of the helical polymer backbones is further verified by tuning the relative helical structure content.
Effects of Block Length in Copolymers Based on Regioregular Oligothiophenes Linked With Electron‐Accepting Units
Authors: Zhang Luozheng , Zhang Yue , Wei Qingshuo , Zhou Erjun , Yang Chunhe , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Tajima Keisuke 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCopolymers with an alternating structure of regioregular oligo(3‐hexylthiophene) (O3HT) with different lengths and 2,5‐dibutyl‐3,6‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione (DPP) were synthesized through Stille coupling reaction. The light absorption of the copolymers can be rationally tuned to have a broad spectrum across the visible region by adjusting the length of O3HT. Organic solar cells fabricated with the copolymers and PCBM showed a broad photoresponse and a comparable efficiency to that of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):PCBM cells. The external quantum efficiency and fluorescence spectra suggested that the intrachain energy transfer from the O3HT block to the vicinity of the DPP unit could limit the photovoltaic performance of the copolymers.
Rapid Profiling of Intact Glucosinolates in Arabidopsis Leaves by UHPLC‐QTOFMS Using a Charged Surface Hybrid Column
Authors: Glauser Gaetan , Schweizer Fabian , Turlings Ted C. J. , Reymond Philippe 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe analysis of glucosinolates (GS) is traditionally performed by reverse‐phase liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection after a time‐consuming desulphation step, which is required for increased retention. Simpler and more efficient alternative methods that can shorten both sample preparation and analysis are much needed.ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of using ultrahigh‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOFMS) for the rapid profiling of intact GS.MethodologyA simple and short extraction of GS from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves was developed. Four sub‐2 µm reverse‐phase columns were tested for the rapid separation of these polar compounds using formic acid as the chromatographic additive. High‐resolution QTOFMS was used to detect and identify GS.ResultsA novel charged surface hybrid (CSH) column was found to provide excellent retention and separation of GS within a total running time of 11 min. Twenty‐one GS could be identified based on their accurate mass as well as isotopic and fragmentation patterns. The method was applied to determine the changes in GS content that occur after herbivory in Arabidopsis. In addition, we evaluated its applicability to the profiling of other Brassicaceae species.ConclusionThe method developed can profile the full range of GS, including the most polar ones, in a shorter time than previous methods, and is highly compatible with mass spectrometric detection. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tandem Solid Phase Extraction Followed by Online Trapping–Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Sensitive Detection of Endogenous Cytokinins in Plant Tissues
Authors: Liu Zhao , Yuan Bi‐Feng , Feng Yu‐Qi 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionCytokinins (CKs) are a group of plant hormones that play pivotal roles at low concentration in plant growth, development and regulatory pathways. In order to study the function, metabolism and signal transduction of CKs, high performance analytical techniques are required for determination of their endogenous levels.ObjectiveTo develop a highly sensitive, selective and reliable method for identification and quantification of CKs by employing a tandem solid phase extraction (SPE)–online trapping–hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)–MS/MS method.Material and methodsThe extraction was performed firstly with tandem SPE containing a C18 cartridge and a silica@C8/SO3H cartridge. After CKs were eluted from the silica@C8/SO3H cartridge, the desorption solvent was concentrated and redissolved in H2O and then injected into the online trapping–HILIC‐MS/MS system with (Poly(MAA‐co‐EGDMA)) monolith as the trapping column. Subsequently, trapping, washing, desorption, separation and detection were accomplished automatically on the system.ResultsGood linearities were obtained for eight cytokinins with correlation coefficients (R2) > 0.9964. The limits of detection (LOD; S:N = 3) for the targets ranged from 0.042 to 1.6 pg/mL. Reproducibility of the method was evaluated with intraday and interday relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 13.4% and the recoveries ranged from 77.3% to 116.3%. The results showed that the LOD of the analytical method were at least one order of magnitude lower compared with other previously reported methods. Furthermore, only 20 mg of plant tissues were required for the quantitative analysis of the major CKs, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the smallest amount reported so far for the determination of endogenous CKs in plant tissues.ConclusionThe tandem SPE–online trapping–HILIC‐MS/MS method developed in current study provides a powerful tool for the convenient and highly sensitive quantification of the major CKs in plant tissue. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and chemical reactions of acetaldehyde stripping and 2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane generation in poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Kesaboina Sirisha R. , Lofgren Elizabeth A. , Jabarin Saleh A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) resins were air stripped at temperatures from 160 to 190°C to monitor changes that occur during reduction of residual acetaldehyde (AA) concentrations. During this process diffusion and generation of AA, 2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane (2MD), ethylene glycol (EG), and water occurred as the molecular weight and crystallinity increased through complex chemical reactions involving polymerization, formation of by‐products, and some degradation at higher temperatures. This process was characterized in terms of time and temperature of stripping, with determination of residual concentrations of AA and other less volatile compounds such as 2MD and EG. Residual AA concentrations continually decreased from their initial values, while concentrations of 2MD decreased initially, then increased, and later decreased with time. Empirical rate constants for resin solid‐state polymerization were determined at the air‐stripping temperatures, and free EG concentrations as well as intrinsic viscosity, density, crystallinity, and color were monitored to aid in studying the kinetics of AA removal. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Long‐term psychological distress in women at risk for hereditary breast cancer adhering to regular surveillance: a risk profile
Authors: den Heijer Mariska , Seynaeve Caroline , Vanheusden Kathleen , Timman Reinier , Duivenvoorden Hugo J , Tilanus‐Linthorst Madeleine , Menke‐Pluijmers Marian BE , Tibben Aad 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundSome women at risk for hereditary breast cancer are at increased risk of psychological distress. In order to tailor support for individual women, the availability of a tool enabling the identification of psychologically vulnerable women at an early stage is warranted. The objectives of this study were (1) to explore long‐term psychological distress in women at risk for hereditary breast cancer adhering to regular surveillance, and (2) to identify women being vulnerable for long‐term psychological distress, defined in terms of a multifactorial risk profile.MethodsGeneral distress and cancer‐related distress were assessed at baseline (T0) and after 5–8 years (T1) in 197 high‐risk women adhering to breast cancer surveillance. Coping styles, occurrence of breast cancer in the family of origin, breast cancer risk perception, and frequency of breast self‐examination, as assessed at T0, were examined as predictor variables for long‐term distress (T1).ResultsAcross time, women reported a significant reduction in intrusion and avoidance. Intrusion levels were increased among women who had lost a first‐degree relative to breast cancer. Predictors of increased long‐term distress were passive and palliative coping styles, excessive breast self‐examination, and overestimation of breast cancer risk. On the other hand, coping through fostering reassuring thoughts was predictive for decreased long‐term distress.ConclusionOn the basis of the identified risk profile, it is possible to identify vulnerable women at an early stage, who then may be offered additional and individually tailored support. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.