bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facetal distraction as treatment for single- and multilevel cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and myelopathy: a preliminary report
Authors: Goel Atul , Shah Abhidha 
Published: March 2011

The authors discuss their successful preliminary experience with 36 cases of cervical spondylotic disease by performing facetal distraction using specially designed Goel cervical facet spacers. The clinical and radiological results of treatment are analyzed. The mechanism of action of the proposed spacers and the rationale for their use are evaluated.
Between 2006 and February 2010, 36 patients were treated using the proposed technique. Of these patients, 18 had multilevel and 18 had single-level cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and/or myelopathy. The average follow-up period was 17 months with a minimum of 6 months. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association classification system, visual analog scale (neck pain and radiculopathy), and Odom criteria were used to monitor the clinical status of the patient. The patients were prospectively analyzed. The technique of surgery involved wide opening of the facet joints, denuding of articular cartilage, distraction of facets, and forced impaction of Goel cervical facet spacers into the articular cavity. Additionally, the interspinous process ligaments were resected, and corticocancellous bone graft from the iliac crest was placed and was stabilized over the adjoining laminae and facets after adequately preparing the host bone. Eighteen patients underwent single-level, 6 patients underwent 2-level, and 12 patients underwent 3-level treatment. The alterations in the physical architecture of spine and canal dimensions were evaluated before and after the placement of intrafacet joint spacers and after at least 6 months of follow-up.
All patients had varying degrees of relief from symptoms of pain, radiculopathy, and myelopathy. Analysis of radiological features suggested that the distraction of facets with the spacers resulted in an increase in the intervertebral foraminal dimension (mean 2.2 mm), an increase in the height of the intervertebral disc space (range 0.4–1.2 mm), and an increase in the interspinous distance (mean 2.2 mm). The circumferential distraction resulted in reduction in the buckling of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum. The procedure ultimately resulted in segmental bone fusion. No patient worsened after treatment. There was no noticeable implant malfunction. During the follow-up period, all patients had evidence of segmental bone fusion. No patient underwent reexploration or further surgery of the neck.
Distraction of the facets of the cervical vertebra can lead to remarkable and immediate stabilization-fixation of the spinal segment and increase in space for the spinal cord and roots. The procedure results in reversal of several pathological events related to spondylotic disease. The safe, firm, and secure stabilization at the fulcrum of cervical spinal movements provided a ground for segmental spinal arthrodesis. The immediate postoperative improvement and lasting recovery from symptoms suggest the validity of the procedure.
Two Patterns of Alanine Aminotransferase Increase to Predict Long-Term Viral Response in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: Virus- or Host-Induced?
Authors: You Hong , Wu Xiaoning , Ou Xiaojuan , Ma Hong , Wang Qianyi , Liu Tianhui , Cong Min , Wang Ping , Wang Baoen , Jia Jidong 
Published: March 2011

Background Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increase is a well-known phenomenon during interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis B. However, little is known about these increases during nucleoside/ nucleotide treatment and the effects on long-term clinical outcomes. Methods A total of 170 treatment-naive hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients were treated with a nucleoside/nucleotide analogue for at least 2 years and followed up for 1 more year post-treatment. Clinical characteristics were detected and analysed at baseline and at every 3-month interval. Results Two patterns of ALT increase, virus- and host-induced, were detected. Virus-induced increases were characterized by a rapid increase in serum ALT and HBV DNA typically after 2 years of treatment, and were more common than host-induced ALT increases (15.9% versus 6.5%; P<0.05) with a median ALT increase of 5.7fold the upper limit of normal (ULN). Host-induced ALT increases were characterized by moderately increased ALT (median 2.5-fold ULN) with a slow decrease in HBV DNA that occurred mainly in the first year of treatment (63.6%). Most importantly, host-induced increases were associated with favourable long-term treatment outcomes in HBV DNA undetectable rate (82% versus 0%), HBeAg seroconversion (82% versus 7%) and histological improvement. Moreover, interferon-γ-expressing T-helper cells were increased in patients with host-induced ALT increases. Conclusions Two patterns of ALT increases may occur during nucleoside/nucleotide analogue treatment. Host induced ALT increases, accompanied by decreased HBV DNA, lead to better long-term clinical outcomes.
La Réduction des risques
Authors: Couteron Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Qu’est ce qu’une politique de Réduction des risques efficace ? Elle vise à rétablir la dignité de l’usager et permettre l’épanouissement de la personne, le sujet devenant acteur de son propre rétablissement, qu’il s’agisse de soins psychiatriques, de prise en charge des addictions ou de l’insertion dans le tissu social. Cette approche, fondement de la politique de Réduction des risques efficiente tout à la fois en termes de santé et de délinquance liées aux usagers de drogues, a aussi un impact sur les pratiques en psychiatrie et sur les actions dans le champ de la précarité. La Réduction des risques devient laboratoire de pratiques nouvelles accompagnant l’usager pour lui permettre d’avancer vers une reconstruction de son autonomie.
La Réduction des risques
Authors: Beauverie Patrick , Dumand Dominique 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Patrick Beauverie, membre avec Anne Coppel de l’équipe de la clinique Libertés à Bagneux, retrace l’histoire de la Réduction des risques au travers de son expérience de Médecins du Monde et ouvre des perspectives : il constate l’importance de la prise en considération des mutations sociales dans l’émergence d’une pratique à risque chez les personnes les plus vulnérables, compte tenu de leur trajectoire et de leur place dans la société. En résumé pour lui et les équipes de Médecins du Monde, il s’agit de témoigner et de respecter l’identité des personnes et afficher les valeurs de l’association, malgré un environnement politique hostile. Résister, faire preuve de pédagogie et remettre au centre du débat le sujet plus que l’objet, c’est-à-dire l’homme plus que la drogue.
Poudre blanche et continent noir
Authors: Petereit Emilie 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Les cartels de la drogue attaquent désormais l’Afrique. Comment est-elle devenue une région pivot de la distribution de drogue à travers le monde ? Le continent est-il en passe de devenir une plaque tournante du trafic de drogue ? Et quelles sont les conséquences majeures de ce nouveau paysage du trafic international de la drogue et de l’augmentation de la consommation observée dans de nombreux pays africains pour les populations en matière de lutte contre le SIDA et contre les hépatites virales B et C ?
Drogue et travail du sexe
Authors: Tarrius Alain 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Alain Tarrius, anthropologue, analyse les nouvelles transmigrations féminines européennes, à des fins de prostitution, à partir des Balkans, du Caucase et du pourtour méditerranéen vers les « clubs » du Levant espagnol, via Naples, Bari, Brindisi. Ces femmes, Ukrainiennes, Moldaves, Roumaines, Macédoniennes, Albanaises, Libanaises, Tunisiennes et Marocaines sont initiées à la maîtrise de la « cocaïne pour le client ». La passe se négocie désormais avec une dose de cocaïne, ce qui double le prix du rapport.
The Teen Plague
Authors: Bisson Frédéric 
Published: March 2011

Résumé L’art hybride n’est pas un art total, c’est un art mineur. Sa vigueur consiste dans le contraste entre les ressources hétérogènes qu’il met en symbiose. Hybride par excellence, la bande dessinée trouve dans le thème des mutants un emblème de sa propre forme. Par sa structure rythmique, elle donne une image de l’adolescence dans son polymorphisme. Chef-d’œuvre de l’art mineur, Black Hole de Charles Burns illustre cette adéquation entre forme et contenu. La « peste des ados » est un modèle du devenir dans son ambiguïté à l’égard du pouvoir.
Nous sommes tous des cyborgs
Authors: Kyrou Ariel 
Published: March 2011

Résumé En cinquante ans, l’utopie cyborg est devenue une vérité paradoxale de notre planète connectée : de la création du concept à des fins d’exploration spatiale en 1960 à sa concrétisation à l’ère de l’Internet omniprésent en passant par le manifeste cyberféministe de Donna Haraway en 1985. Son idéal d¹hybridation de l’homme et de la machine, de nos mondes intérieurs et extérieurs n’est plus une figure purement spéculative. Il s’agit désormais d’une fiction en actes, se réalisant à des années lumières de la surface chromée des Robocop et autres Terminator de notre imaginaire collectif.
Serralongue Undercover!
Authors: Secretan Victor 
Published: March 2011

Résumé À la fin des années 1990, Bruno Serralongue a réalisé deux séries assez singulières au regard du reste de son œuvre, en s’immergeant dans les rédactions de deux journaux quotidiens. Ces séries, sur lesquelles nous nous sommes entretenus, sont issues d’une démarche qui renverse les codes habituels de l’artiste. Car, en prenant intentionnellement la place du journaliste, Serralongue questionne les frontières de la représentation du réel. Faisant de sa dernière exposition, Feu de camp , un « moment de direct », le photographe cherche à renouveler la pratique en opérant un subtil glissement de l’art à l’événement.
Host-range testing of a mixture of two nucleopolyhedroviruses of Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Kaupp William J. , Barber Kevin N. , Fick William E. , Ebling Peter M. , Ladd Tim R. , Holmes Stephen B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe host range of a mixture of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) nucleopolyhedroviruses (CfMNPV and CfDefNPV) was investigated using a per os bioassay of larvae of 29 species of Lepidoptera and adult males of Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Using a whole-genomic DNA probe, positive results were obtained in 8 of 10 Tortricidae: Archips cerasivorana (Fitch), Choristoneura fractivittana (Clemens), C. fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), Clepsis persicana (Fitch), and Cydia pomonella (L.); one Crambidae: Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner); one arctiine Erebidae: Estigmene acrea (Drury); and two Noctuidae: Oligia illocata (Walker) and Pyrrhia exprimens (Walker). Mortality rates were highest among C. fumiferana, C. occidentalis, C. pinus pinus, A. cerasivorana, and C. pomonella. Sequenced polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons from infected individuals from several species confirmed that the primer sets amplified the target viruses. CfMNPV was consistently found in virus-fed C. fumiferana; whereas, CfDefNPV was present only occasionally. The presence of CfMNPV and CfDefNPV in A. cerasivorana was confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Significant treatment-mortality rates were induced in the noctuids P. exprimens and Acronicta impleta Walker; PCR determined that both viruses were present in treated P. exprimens but only CfMNPV was present in A. impleta. No virus was detected in M. rotundata.
Biology and integrated management of wheat stem sawfly and the need for continuing research
Authors: Beres B.L. , Dosdall L.M. , Weaver D.K. , Cárcamo H.A. , Spaner D.M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is historically one of the most important economic insect pests in the northern Great Plains of North America. Within this geographical region, the areas subjected to greatest attack are southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, southwestern Manitoba, eastern and northern Montana, North Dakota, northern South Dakota, and western Minnesota. Cumulative grain-yield losses and annual economic losses associated with this pest can exceed 30% and $350 million, respectively. Solid-stemmed cultivars of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae), tolerant of infestation, are critical for C. cinctus management, but outbreaks of this pest continue to occur even after six decades of cultivar development. Furthermore, chemical control (a primary control option for other cereal (Poaceae) insect pests) has proven ineffective; this underscores the need to integrate resistant cultivars into a comprehensive integrated pest management program. We provide overviews of wheat stem sawfly biology, recent advances in applied research, the efficacy and integration of cultural and biological management strategies, and future directions for global research activities to manage wheat stem sawfly.
European ectoparasitoids of two classical weed biological control agents released in North America
Authors: Muller Franck J. , Mason Peter G. , Dosdall Lloyd M. , Kuhlmann Ulrich 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe ceutorhynchine weevilsHadroplontus litura(F.) andMicroplontus edentulus(Schultze) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), are established in North America as biological control agents for Canada thistle,Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop., and scentless chamomile,Tripleurospermum perforatum(Mérat) M. Lainz (Asteraceae), respectively. In North America, both weeds occur sympatrically and in similar habitats as another ceutorhynchine,Ceutorhynchus obstrictus(Marsham) (cabbage seedpod weevil), an important pest of canola,Brassica napusL., andBrassica rapaL. (Brassicaceae). Ceutorhynchinae weevils released to control weeds in cultivated crops may serve as alternate hosts if agents released for biological control ofC. obstrictusare not specific to that species. Parasitoids associated withM. edentulusandH. liturainflict similar levels of mortality on their hosts, yet a single species was associated with the latter host, whereas 13 species attacked the former. The stem-miningM. edentulusappears to be at some risk but not the root-crown feedingH. litura, should the parasitoidsTrichomalus perfectus(Walker) andMesopolobus morys(Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) be introduced as biological control agents of the silique-feedingC. obstrictus. These findings suggest that feeding niche may be an important criterion for developing a nontarget species test list for host-range testing of potential biological control agents.
Extremile Regression
Authors: Daouia Abdelaati , Stupfler Gilles 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Extremiles are a least squares alternative to quantiles, defined by probability‐weighted moments rather than tail probabilities. They benefit from several interpretations and closed‐form expressions that are equivalent for continuous distributions, and they characterize a distribution just as quantiles do. Their regression versions similarly define a least squares analog of regression quantiles. We give a comprehensive overview of the state of the art regarding probabilistic and statistical properties of unconditional extremiles and their regression counterparts and provide a comparison between extremiles and other important classes of descriptors of unconditional and conditional distributions on real data examples.
Current Advances and Material Innovations in the Search for Novel Treatments of Phenylketonuria
Authors: Delbreil Philippe , Dhondt Sofie , Kenaan El Rahbani Rita Maria , Banquy Xavier , Mitchell John J. , Brambilla Davide 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetically inherited disease caused by a mutation of the gene encoding phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) and is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism. A deficiency of PAH leads to increased blood and brain levels of phenylalanine (Phe), which may cause permanent neurocognitive symptoms and developmental delays if untreated. Current management strategies for PKU consist of early detection through neonatal screening and implementation of a restrictive diet with minimal amounts of natural protein in combination with Phe‐free supplements and low‐protein foods to meet nutritional requirements. For milder forms of PKU, oral treatment with synthetic sapropterin (BH4), the cofactor of PAH, may improve metabolic control of Phe and allow for more natural protein to be included in the patient's diet. For more severe forms, daily injections of pegvaliase, a PEGylated variant of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), may allow for normalization of blood Phe levels. However, the latter treatment has considerable drawbacks, notably a strong immunogenicity of the exogenous enzyme and the attached polymeric chains. Research for novel therapies of PKU makes use of innovative materials for drug delivery and state‐of‐the‐art protein engineering techniques to develop treatments which are safer, more effective, and potentially permanent.
High‐Entropy Ceramics Enhanced Droplet Electricity Generator for Energy Harvesting and Bacterial Detection
Authors: Wang Congyu , Wang Jianming , Wang Peng , Sun Yihan , Ma Wenlong , Li Xiaoyi , Zhao Maomi , Zhang Dun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe droplet electricity generator (DEG) is a solid–liquid triboelectric nanogenerator with transistor‐inspired bulk effect, which is regarded as an effective strategy for raindrop energy harvesting. However, further enhancement of DEG output voltage is necessary to enable its widespread applications. Here, high‐entropy ceramics are integrated into the design of DEG intermediate layer for the first time, achieving a high output voltage of 525 V. High‐entropy ceramics have colossal dielectric constant, which can help to reduce the triboelectric charge decay for DEG. Furthermore, the effect of factors on DEG output performance when employing high‐entropy ceramics as the intermediate layer is extensively analyzed, and the underlying mechanisms and mathematical models are explored. Finally, the enhanced output voltage of DEG not only facilitates faster energy harvesting but also develops a novel method for rapid bacterial detection. This work successfully integrates high‐entropy ceramics into DEG design, significantly enhances the output voltage, and offers a novel direction for DEG development.
Singular Hall Response from a Correlated Ferromagnetic Flat Nodal‐Line Semimetal
Authors: Cho Woohyun , Kang Yoon‐Gu , Cha Jaehun , Lee Dong Hyun David , Kiem Do Hoon , Oh Jaewhan , Joo Yanggeun , Yer Sangsu , Kim Dohyun , Park Jongho , Kim Changyoung , Yang Yongsoo , Kim Yeongkwan , Han Myung Joon , Yang Heejun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTopological quantum phases are largely understood in weakly correlated systems, which have identified various quantum phenomena, such as the spin Hall effect, protected transport of helical fermions, and topological superconductivity. Robust ferromagnetic order in correlated topological materials particularly attracts attention, as it can provide a versatile platform for novel quantum devices. Here, a singular Hall response arising from a unique band structure of flat topological nodal lines in combination with electron correlation in a van der Waals ferromagnetic semimetal, Fe3GaTe2, with a high Curie temperature of Tc = 347 K is reported. High anomalous Hall conductivity violating the conventional scaling, resistivity upturn at low temperature, and a large Sommerfeld coefficient are observed in Fe3GaTe2, which implies heavy fermion features in this ferromagnetic topological material. The scanning tunneling microscopy, circular dichroism in angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations support the original electronic features of the material. Thus, low‐dimensional Fe3GaTe2 with electronic correlation, topology, and room‐temperature ferromagnetic order appears to be a promising candidate for robust quantum devices.
Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Self‐Adaptive Hyperthermia Supramolecular Cascade Nano‐Reactor for Diabetic Periodontal Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Miao , Peng Xu , Xu Hong , Sun Xiaoning , Liu Yizhu , Li Qian , Ding Yuan , Ding Shaopei , Luo Jun , Xie Jing , Li Jianshu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCommencing with the breakdown of the diabetic osteoimmune microenvironment, multiple pathogenic factors, including hyperglycemia, inflammation, hypoxia, and deleterious cytokines, are conjointly involved in the progression of diabetic periodontal bone regeneration. Based on the challenge of periodontal bone regeneration treatment and the absence of real‐time feedback of blood oxygen fluctuation in diabetes mellitus, a novel self‐adaptive hyperthermia supramolecular cascade nano‐reactor ACFDG is constructed via one‐step supramolecular self‐assembly strategy to address multiple factors in diabetic periodontal bone regeneration. Hyperthermia supramolecular ACFDG possesses high photothermal conversion efficiency (32.1%), and it can effectively inhibit the vicious cycle of ROS‐inflammatory cascade through catalytic cascade reactions, up‐regulate the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, which promotes periodontal bone regeneration. Remarkably, ACFDG can provide real‐time non‐invasive diagnosis of blood oxygen changes during periodontal bone regeneration through photoacoustic (PA) imaging, thus can timely monitor periodontal hypoxia status. In conclusion, this multifunctional supramolecular nano‐reactor combined with PA imaging for real‐time efficacy monitoring provides important insights into the biological mechanisms of diabetic periodontal bone regeneration and potential clinical theranostics.
Status and prospects of the ornamental fish industry in Kenya
Authors: Munguti Jonathan M. , Mboya Jimmy B. , Iteba Jacob O. , Kirimi James G. , Obiero Kevin O. , Kyule Domitila N. , Opiyo Mary A. , Njonge Francis K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractKenya is a major player in the global ornamental trade, exporting substantial quantities of ornamental fish to the global market. The sector plays an important role in the country's economy through foreign exchange. However, the country's ornamental fish industry has not fully developed to generate more economic benefits. This paper sought to identify the existing opportunities for enhancing the production and trade of ornamental fish in the country. The findings reveal that there are opportunities for collection of native freshwater ornamental fish species from the vast freshwater resources in the country; for the culture of marine ornamental fish; for public aquariums as centres of recreation, conservation, research and education; and for employment and development of support industries. The findings also show that there are international legislations and national policies that create an enabling environment for the growth of the industry. To unlock the full potential of the industry, training and research, investment and infrastructure development, quality assurance, collaboration and networking, and environmental sustainability strategies need to be put in place. This will ensure Kenya's position as a key player in the global ornamental fish trade.