bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Sonographer“ bringen Licht ins Dunkel – Berufsfeldanalyse in
Deutschland
Authors: Paetzold Katrin 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDurch technische Innovationen der Medizin können Krankheiten effektiv und
effizient diagnostiziert werden. Eine dieser modernen Untersuchungsverfahren
stellt die Sonografie dar. Das Potenzial einer neuen Diagnostikmethode lässt
sich jedoch nur ausschöpfen, wenn Anwender*innen entsprechend dafür qualifiziert
sind.Die Durchführung sonografischer Untersuchungen wird international in
verschiedenen Gesundheitsberufen gelehrt. Menschen, welche diese Tätigkeit
hauptberuflich ausführen, werden als Sonographer bezeichnet. In Deutschland
beschränken sich die sonografischen Qualifizierungen auf den ärztlichen Bereich.
Die Praxis zeigt jedoch, dass auch andere Gesundheitsberufe diese Tätigkeit
durchführen, was zu einem Bedarf an Zielgruppen-spezifischen Weiterbildungen
führt.Daher wurde zur Entwicklung eines Kompetenzprofils eine empirische
Berufsfeldanalyse deutscher Sonographer durchgeführt. Anhand von
Experteninterviews und einer teilnehmenden Beobachtung konnten unter Anwendung
der Grounded-Theory-Methodologie Daten von 4 Sonographern in unterschiedlichen
klinischen Settings erhoben und analysiert werden. Dabei kristallisierten sich
Konzepte der beruflichen Anforderungen heraus, die in deutschen
Weiterbildungsempfehlungen für die Sonografie nicht berücksichtigt werden.Die Situationen, in denen sich Sonographer täglich wiederfinden, sind komplex.
Sie interagieren gleichzeitig mit Patient*innen in lebensverändernden
Situationen sowie ärztlichem Personal in unterschiedlichen Ausbildungsphasen
oder Führungspositionen. Dies erfordert zusätzlich zum sonografischen Fachwissen
ein hermeneutisches Fallverstehen, wissenschaftliche und pädagogische
Fähigkeiten sowie Kompetenzen des selbstgesteuerten Lernens.Der Beruf des Sonographers befindet sich in Deutschland noch am Anfang seiner
Entwicklung. Best-Practice-Beispiele für eine Qualifizierung im tertiären
Bereich finden sich bereits in Österreich und im englischsprachigen Raum. Die
Erkenntnisse dieser berufspädagogisch orientierten Arbeit sollen die Grundlage
eines Curriculums für Sonographer darstellen.
Tanaka and Johnston Space Analysis: Does It Apply to All Populations?
Authors: Al-Zubaydi Fudhla Sadoon , Obaid Dina H. , Nahidh Mohammed , Marrapodi Maria Maddalena , Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Cicciù Marco , Minervini Giuseppe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives An accurate analysis is considered a crucial factor that enables the clinician to select the appropriate treatment plan which may include serial extractions, guiding of eruption, maintenance of space or regaining it, or just intervallic patient observation during this period. This study aims to test the applicability of the Tanaka and Johnston prediction equations on Iraqi population.
Materials and Methods One hundred pairs of stone models belonged to 100 Iraqi adult individuals with normal occlusal relationship were utilized in this study. The greatest crown diameters of all teeth except the maxillary incisors and molars in both jaws were measured using digital calipers. The Tanaka and Johnston prediction equations were applied and modification for these equations was developed for Iraqis.
Results The original Tanaka and Johnston method of prediction tends to overestimate the mesiodistal widths of the canine and premolars among Iraqis. Novel regression equations (modified Tanaka and Johnston method) were formulated for Iraqi population and seem to be more accurate than the original one.
Conclusions The original Tanaka and Johnston method cannot be applied for Iraqi population; hence, new equations were developed for both genders and in both dental arches to accurately predict the mesiodistal widths of the unerupted canine and premolars.
Enhancing Pediatric Dental Care: The Influence of Virtual Reality
Authors: Hamdy Sara Faisal , Farag Mohamed Sherif Mohamed Salah , Helmy Yousra Samir , Abo-Elsoud Asmaa Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of virtual reality (VR) in reducing pain and anxiety levels in children. The study also compared active and passive distraction methods using VR during the delivery of inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANBs) in dental procedures in children.
Material and Methods The study comprised 45 preschool patients, aged between 4 and 6 years, with no prior dental anesthetic experience. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups based on the sort of management style: Group A used the tell-show-do technique, Group B engaged in passive distraction by watching cartoons using a VR headset, and Group C participated in active distraction by playing games using a controller with the VR headset. Pain and anxiety were evaluated using physiological measurements, namely by analyzing the variations in blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation before and after the administration of IANB. Psychological assessments were conducted using the Wong–Baker faces scale, Modified Dental Anxiety scale questionnaires, and Revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability scale after administering IANB.
Results The physiological outcomes revealed no statistically significant differences in blood pressure and oxygen saturation. However, there was a statistically significant increase in the heart rate in group A compared with groups B and C. In terms of psychological measurements, groups B and C exhibited a significant improvement in pain experience and a decrease in anxiety.
Conclusion This study concluded that VR reduced pain and anxiety levels in its passive and active forms.
The modal analysis of the Hungarian future auxiliary fog ‘will, be going to’
Authors: Virovec Viktória 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper it is argued that the Hungarian future auxiliary fog is a modal rather than a
temporal operator. As opposed to previous findings in the literature, the paper claims that it can be used when the proposition is
inferred, therefore it can have an epistemic modal base. The results of a questionnaire study and introspective data are presented
to support this claim. Based on these data, it is argued that the distributional difference between fog and the
non-past cannot be explained by the presence or absence of temporal ambiguity only, the choice also depends on the context.
Namely, the use of the non-past is marginal if the speaker infers the truth of the proposition from contextually known facts,
while fog is natural and acceptable in such cases. The Hungarian data presented further strengthen the hypothesis
that there is a strong connection between future-referring morphemes and epistemic modality.
A contrastive analysis of (-)ish in English and Swedish blogs
Authors: Aijmer Karin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The aim is to investigate whether (-)ish is employed in the same structures and functions in
English and Swedish blog data and to describe the adaptations and changes resulting from borrowing. (-)ish is
exceptional because it looks like a suffix but can be taken out of its original context with adjectives and nouns and used as a
clitic or an independent word. Based on samples from the two languages it is shown that there are quantitative differences with
respect to the uses of (-)ish with different base forms and as a freestanding sentence-final item in the two data
sets. The qualitative findings reveal that (-)ish has been borrowed in Swedish as a suffix, a clitic, as a
qualifier with hedging function and as a sentence-final pragmatic marker. The change in the position of (-)ish is
influenced by the existence of a domestic variant typ (‘sort of’, ‘kind of’) which can be placed more freely in
the sentence than the English (-)ish.
The complex L2 self
Authors: Carolan Jordan , Devlin Anne Marie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSet against a body of research which tends to either overlook ideological differences between Eastern and Western conceptualizations of motivation or which positions Chinese students as ideologically monolithic, this study aims to explore the dynamic interaction between neoliberal and Neo-Confucian paradigms in shaping motivation for English language learning. By incorporating primary concepts from the Neo-Confucian motivational construct andDörnyei’s (2005)second language (L2) Motivational Self System, this study bridges the gap between Eastern and Western L2 motivational research and investigates how neoliberal/Neo-Confucian ideologies interact to influence Chinese university students’ motivations for learning English. More specifically, it explores how this develops during study abroad in Ireland. It was found that the motivational trajectories of eight participants comprised a complex synthesis of both ideologies during study abroad. Furthermore, their ought-to L2 selves and ideal L2 self imagery underwent dramatic alterations.
The War Within Religion: Towards a More Nuanced Resolution of Religion–Equality Conflicts
Authors: Barak-Corren Netta 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the United States, Canada, Israel, Australia, and many parts of Europe, conflicts between religious liberty and gender equality (including LGBTQ equality) are understood and analyzed as “culture wars.” This view has shaped the sociolegal understanding of the conflict—how the legal community makes sense of cases and interprets their social significance—and has narrowed the perceived scope of legal solutions to religion–equality conflicts to zero-sum, either–or decisions: either a carte blanche for religious objectors or a strict and universal enforcement of anti-discrimination law.
Drawing on qualitative (N=41) and experimental (N=559) evidence from the United States and Israel and on cases from a range of countries and contexts, this Article makes two arguments: First, the understanding of religion–equality conflicts shall not be complete unless we recognize that they occur both between and within cultures. The two wars are connected in a feedback loop, as the struggle within religion influences what conflicts are waged at the culture war and what conflicts are resolved internally.
Second, the war within religion has normative implications: in this struggle, religious communities form intermediate solutions to regulate—and mitigate—religion–equality conflicts. These policies can help expand the nuance and scope of legal solutions to the conflict. Showing how, this Article makes a timely intervention in a legal debate that struggles with setting clear rules and seeks to find more nuanced resolutions for the conflict.
Congestion as a crucial factor determining albuminuria in patients with cardiorenal disease
Authors: Llàcer Pau , Cobo Marcos Marta , de la Espriella Rafael , Gayán Ordás Jara , Zegri Isabel , Fort Aleix , Rodríguez Chavarri Adriana , Méndez Ana , Blázquez Zorba , Caravaca Pérez Pedro , Rubio Gracia Jorge , Fernández Cristina , Recio-Mayoral Alejandro , Pomares Antonia , García Pinilla Jose Manuel , Vazquez López-Ibor Jorge , Castro Almudena , Soler Maria Jose , Górriz Jose Luis , Bascompte Claret Ramón , Fluvià Paula , Manzano Luis , Núñez Julio 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Albuminuria could potentially emerge as a novel marker of congestion in acute heart failure. However, the current evidence linking albuminuria and congestion in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) remains somewhat scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of albuminuria in a cohort of patients with CHF, identify the independent factors associated with albuminuria and analyse the correlation with different congestion parameters.

Methods
This is a subanalysis of the Spanish Cardiorenal Registry, in which we enrolled 864 outpatients with heart failure and a value of urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) at the first visit.

Results
The median age was 74 years, 549 (63.5%) were male and 438 (50.7%) had a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. A total of 350 patients (40.5%) had albuminuria. Among these patients, 386 (33.1%) had a UACR of 30–300 mg/g and 64 (7.4%) had a UACR &gt;300 mg/g. In order of importance, the independent variables associated with higher UACR were estimated glomerular filtration rate determined by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (R2 = 57.6%), systolic blood pressure (R2 = 21.1%), previous furosemide equivalent dose (FED; R2 = 7.5%), antigen carbohydrate 125 (CA125; R2 = 6.1%), diabetes mellitus (R2 = 5.6%) and oedema (R2 = 1.9%). The combined influence of oedema, elevated CA125 levels and the FED accounted for 15.5% of the model's variability.

Conclusions
In patients with chronic stable heart failure, the prevalence of albuminuria is high. The risk factors of albuminuria in this population are chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Congestion parameters are also associated with increased albuminuria.
A Balancing Act: Data Protection Compliance of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Bartels Marvin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Neural network based generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) systems, in particular large language models (LLMs), hold huge potential for economic, scientific, and artistic progress. However, they are also the subject of ongoing fierce data protection debates. Some even doubt whether GenAI systems can, at least in principle, comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR). This issue was highlighted by a temporary ban of ChatGPT by the Italian data protection authority in March 2023. To answer the question of possible compliance with the GDPR, this paper will first illustrate relevant technical aspects and then examine the extent to which GenAI systems process personal data. A distinction will be made between training, use, and the system itself as stored on a hard drive. On this basis, this paper addresses the key question of the lawfulness of the respective processing activities, bearing in mind that each specific use case of any GenAI system requires a specific data protection assessment. While the issues discussed in this paper are relevant to GenAI systems in general, they are particularly relevant to LLMs trained on large amounts of text-based personal data. As one result, the analysis identifies serious challenges in the application of the GDPR to LLMs. However, with no significant updates to the relevant GDPR provisions in sight, this paper aims to show how pragmatic solutions are both necessary and largely possible even under the current legal framework. This includes practical guidance for developers and users on how to ensure compliance.
Clothing and Equipment Fit Among Male and Female Canadian Armed Forces Members
Authors: Gruevski Kristina M , Sy Adrienne , Bossi Linda , Moon Emma , Bae Junhan , Keefe Allan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The fit of military clothing and equipment is essential for the health and safety of military operators. Given the aim of increasing the proportion of women and the known biological and morphological differences between male and female soldiers, an understanding of fit across different items of kit is needed. The aim of this study was to quantify subjective fit ratings of 8 items of military clothing and equipment, including combat shirt, combat pants, rucksack, small pack, tactical vest, fragmentation vest, helmet, and ballistic eyewear as a function of relative stature and occupational group among male and female Canadian Armed Forces members.

Materials and Methods
An online survey was distributed to male and female Canadian Armed Forces members, where fit was reported by participants according to a 7-point Likert acceptability scale. Participants were binned into 1 of 6 (3 males, 3 females) standing stature categories based on percentiles in a male and female distribution that included (1) under 35th percentile stature, (2) 35th to 80th percentile stature, and (3) over 80th percentile stature. Additionally, participants were separated according to occupational group: Group A: Infantry, Combat Engineer, Artillery, Armored; group B: Signals, Medical Technician, Intelligence, Signals Intelligence/Cyber Ops; group C: Supply Technician, Weapons Technician, Vehicle Technician, Electronic-Optronic Technician, Ammunition Technician; other: Not in other groups, examples include: Financial Services Administrator, Cook. This study was approved by the Defence Research and Development Canada Human Research Ethics Committee under protocol 2019-048, Amendment 2.

Results
There were significant effects attributable to stature category and occupational group on the fit of equipment. Specifically, fit acceptability of the rucksack helmet, small pack, and tactical vest was significantly affected by occupational group. Differences between stature categories were detected in all items with the exception of the small pack.

Conclusions
Military equipment fit has previously been shown to have implications for protection, performance, and mobility. The results of the investigation demonstrate different patterns of fit acceptability in male and female soldiers across items of clothing and equipment and may require different solutions.
Indications and Outcomes for Adult Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation at a Military Referral Facility
Authors: Murphy Samantha , Flatley Meaghan , Piper Lydia , Mason Phillip , Sams Valerie 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Extracorporeal life support, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), is a potentially life-saving adjunct to therapy in patients experiencing pulmonary and/or cardiac failure. The U.S. DoD has only one ECMO center, in San Antonio, Texas. In this study, we aimed to analyze outcomes at this center in order to determine whether they are on par with those reported elsewhere in the literature.

Materials and Methods
In this observational study, we analyzed data from patients treated with ECMO at the only DoD ECMO center between September 2012 and April 2020. The primary outcome was survival to discharge, and secondary outcomes were discharge disposition and incidence of complications.

Results
One hundred and forty-three patients were studied, with a 70.6% rate of survival to discharge. Of the patients who survived, 32.7% were discharged home; 32.7% were discharged to a rehabilitation facility; and 33.7% were transferred to another hospital, 29.4% of whom were transferred to lung transplant centers. One patient left against medical advice. Incidence of ECMO-related complications were as follows: 64 patients (44.7%) experienced hemorrhagic complications, 80 (55.9%) had renal complications, 61 (42.6%) experienced cardiac complications, 39 (27.3%) had pulmonary complications, and 5 patients (3.5%) experienced limb ischemia. We found that these outcomes were comparable to those reported in the literature.

Conclusions
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be an efficacious adjunct in management of critically ill patients who require pulmonary and/or cardiac support. This single-center observational study demonstrated that the DoD’s only ECMO center has outcomes comparable with the reported data in Extracorporeal Life Support Organization’s registry.
Emerging post-Dobbs liability concerns for providers handling embryos
Authors: Crockin Susan L. , Nardi Francesca E. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
This review outlines novel, emerging legal risks for in-vitro fertilization (IVF) providers and patients.

Recent findings
This article reviews recent antiabortion legal developments that create novel legal risks to IVF. This article examines new potential liability for the handling or managing of embryos, and threats to safe, efficient, standard-of-care practice of IVF. It reviews established US and international judicial and regulatory frameworks based on scientifically grounded recognition of IVF embryos as deserving of ‘special respect’, and finds this approach to be an alternative for law and policy makers.

Summary
Defining life as ‘beginning at fertilization’ (or ‘conception’) or otherwise embracing ‘embryonic personhood’ creates emerging legal vulnerabilities and concerns for IVF patients and professionals who handle embryos and threatens standard-of-care IVF. Internationally and domestically established, scientifically grounded understandings of IVF embryos, rather than religious beliefs, should be the basis for legal frameworks that accord appropriate – but not unlimited – protections to IVF embryos. This article presents this framework as an alternative to the current path being embraced by some US policymakers and courts, as a means of protecting the rights of patients, providers and the families they create.
The Three-points Chin: A Multilayered Filler Approach Using a Cannula
Authors: Adel Noury 
Published: May 2024

Summary:
The present study was conducted to evaluate the aesthetic results of the three-points chin filler injection using a SoftFil cannula, where the filler product is placed in a multilayered fashion. The study included 40 women who complained about their unaesthetic small chin. Revanesse Versa filler was injected into these patients using a SoftFil cannula in a multilayered fashion, targeting both the deep and superficial fat compartments. For the cannula, three points of entry were chosen depending on a specific anatomical landmark, providing chin beautification in three dimensions. All patients were followed up at the following intervals for recording their satisfaction score: 14 days, 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months. Satisfaction score recorded at 14-days follow-up showed a significant increase in patient satisfaction. This was maintained up to 6 months postoperative. The suggested three-points chin beautification technique using microcannula provides satisfactory results in three dimensions, compared with the original technique.
Prepectoral versus Subpectoral Breast Reconstruction after Nipple-sparing Mastectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nolan Ian T. , Farajzadeh Matthew M. , Bekisz Jonathan M. , Boyd Carter J. , Gibson Ella G. , Salibian Ara A. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Implant-based breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) presents unique benefits and challenges. The literature has compared outcomes among total submuscular (TSM), dual-plane (DP), and prepectoral (PP) planes; however, a dedicated meta-analysis relevant to NSM is lacking.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review of studies on immediate breast reconstruction after NSM using TSM, DP, or PP prosthesis placement in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. In total, 1317 unique articles were identified, of which 49 were included in the systematic review and six met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Pooled descriptive outcomes were analyzed for each cohort for all 49 studies. Fixed-effects meta-analytic methods were used to compare PP with subpectoral (TSM and DP) reconstructions.

Results:
A total of 1432 TSM, 1546 DP, and 1668 PP reconstructions were identified for descriptive analysis. Demographics were similar between cohorts. Pooled descriptive outcomes demonstrated overall similar rates of reconstructive failure (3.3%–5.1%) as well as capsular contracture (0%–3.9%) among cohorts. Fixed-effects meta-analysis of six comparative studies demonstrated a significantly lower rate of mastectomy flap necrosis in the PP cohort compared with the subpectoral cohort (relative risk 0.24, 95% confidence interval [0.08–0.74]). All other consistently reported outcomes, including, hematoma, seroma, infection, mastectomy flap necrosis, nipple -areola complex necrosis, and explantation were comparable.

Conclusions:
A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis demonstrated the safety of immediate prepectoral breast reconstruction after NSM, compared with submuscular techniques. Submuscular reconstruction had a higher risk of mastectomy flap necrosis, though potentially influenced by selection bias.