bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicted range expansion of Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) in forestlands of the southern United States
Authors: Wang Hsiao‐Hsuan , Grant William E. , Swannack Todd M. , Gan Jianbang , Rogers William E. , Koralewski Tomasz E. , Miller James H. , Taylor John W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim  We present an integrated approach for predicting future range expansion of an invasive species (Chinese tallow tree) that incorporates statistical forecasting and analytical techniques within a spatially explicit, agent‐based, simulation framework.Location  East Texas and Louisiana, USA.Methods  We drew upon extensive field data from the US Forest Service and the US Geological Survey to calculate spread rate from 2003 to 2008 and to parameterize logistic regression models estimating habitat quality for Chinese tallow within individual habitat cells. We applied the regression analyses to represent population spread rate as a function of habitat quality, integrated this function into a logistic model representing local spread, and coupled this model with a dispersal model based on a lognormal kernel within the simulation framework. We simulated invasions beginning in 2003 based on several different dispersal velocities and compared the resulting spatial patterns to those observed in 2008 using cross Mantel’s tests. We then used the best dispersal velocity to predict range expansion to the year 2023.Results  Chinese tallow invasion is more likely in low and flat areas adjacent to water bodies and roads, and less likely in mature forest stands and in pine plantations where artificial regeneration by planting seedlings is used. Forecasted invasions resulted in a distribution that extended from the Gulf Coast of Texas and Louisiana northward and westward as much as 300 km, representing approximately 1.58 million ha.Main conclusions  Our new approach of calculating time series projections of annual range expansion should assist land managers and restoration practitioners plan proactive management strategies and treatments. Also, as field sampling continues on the national array of FIA plots, these new data can be incorporated easily into the present model, as well as being used to develop and/or improve models of other invasive plant species.
Patterns of refractive change in myopic subjects during the incipient phase of presbyopia: a preliminary study
Authors: Pointer Jonathan S , Gilmartin Bernard 
Published: March 2011

Citation information: Pointer JS & Gilmartin B. Patterns of refractive change in myopic subjects during the incipient phase of presbyopia: a preliminary study. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011, 31, 487–493. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2011.00832.xAbstractPurpose:  Changes in refractive error are well documented over the typical human lifespan. However, a relatively neglected period of investigation appears to be during the late fourth decade; this is at the incipient phase of presbyopia (IP), where the amplitude of accommodation is much reduced and approaches the level where a first reading addition is anticipated. Significantly, informal clinical observation has suggested a low incidence of an unexpected abrupt increase in myopia during IP.Methods:  We investigated this alleged myopic shift retrospectively by mapping the longitudinal refraction histories of normally‐sighted 35–44 years old British White patients previously examined in routine optometric practice. The refractive trends in the right eyes of healthy myopic subjects (spherical equivalent refraction, SER ≤−0.50 D: N = 39) were analysed relative to that point at which a first near dioptric addition was considered to be clinically useful.Results:  A refractive change was evident in some subjects during IP; viz, an abrupt increase in myopic SER of between −0.50 and −0.75 D. These individuals (N = 8) represented 20% of the study population of myopic incipient presbyopes. Beyond the pivotal point of the first near addition the longitudinal refraction stabilized in these subjects. In contrast, and as the extent of the available longitudinal data would permit, the remaining myopic eyes maintained an approximately stable refractive trend throughout IP and beyond.Conclusions:  The anatomical or physiological basis of this specific late (non‐developmental) abrupt myopic refractive change is an intriguing issue. Axial (vitreous chamber elongation), corneal (contour) and lenticular (profile and index) power bases, alone or in concert, might be considered candidates for this hitherto unexplored refractive phenomenon. Although necessarily obtained under conventional conditions of central (0 deg) fixation, our data might also be a reflection of the recent recognition of the possible influence of the peripheral refraction upon the axial error. Consideration of this material provides an impetus for further research, including ocular biometry, a reappraisal of ciliary zonular functional anatomy, renewed investigation of the AC/A ratio, and the extent of a centripetal refractive influence on myopia development.
Epithelium integrity is crucial for the relaxant activity of brain natriuretic peptide in human isolated bronchi
Authors: Matera Maria G. , Calzetta Luigino , Passeri Daniela , Facciolo Francesco , Rendina Erino A. , Page Clive , Cazzola Mario , Orlandi Augusto 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEBrain natriuretic peptide (BNP) plays an important role in several biological functions, including bronchial relaxation. Here, we have investigated the role of BNP and its cognate receptors in human bronchial tone.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHEffects of BNP on responses to carbachol and histamine were evaluated in non‐sensitized, passively sensitized, epithelium‐intact or denuded isolated bronchi and in the presence of methoctramine,Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) and aminoguanidine. Natriuretic peptide receptors (NPRs) were investigated by immunohistochemistry, RT‐PCR and real‐time PCR. Release of NO and acetylcholine from bronchial tissues and cultured BEAS‐2B bronchial epithelial cells was also investigated.KEY RESULTSBNP reduced contractions mediated by carbachol and histamine, with decreased Emax(carbachol: 22.7 ± 4.7%; histamine: 59.3 ± 1.8%) and increased EC50(carbachol: control 3.33 ± 0.88 µM, BNP 100 ± 52.9 µM; histamine: control 16.7 ± 1.7 µM, BNP 90 ± 30.6 µM); BNP was ineffective in epithelium‐denuded bronchi. Among NPRs, only atrial NPR (NPR1) transcripts were detected in bronchial tissue. Bronchial NPR1 immunoreactivity was detected in epithelium and inflammatory cells but faint or absent in airway smooth muscle cells. NPR1 transcripts in bronchi increased after incubation with BNP, but not after sensitization. Methoctramine and quinine abolished BNP‐induced relaxant activity. The latter was associated with increased bronchial mRNA for NO synthase and NO release, inhibited by L‐NAME and aminoguanidine.In vitro, BNP increased acetylcholine release from bronchial epithelial cells, whereas NO release was unchanged.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSEpithelial cells mediate the BNP‐induced relaxant activity in human isolated bronchi.
Indirect georeferencing of digital SLR imagery using signalised lidar control points
Authors: Mitishita Edson , Cortes João , Centeno Jorge 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPhotogrammetric and lidar data‐sets have been used together in mapping procedures because of their complementary characteristics. However, to perform this integration both data‐sets must be within a common reference frame. Although all lidar systems include a direct georeferencing procedure, the majority of low‐cost photogrammetric systems do not have a facility for direct georeferencing of images even if the data‐sets are captured simultaneously. In recent years, the high accuracy of the lidar data has enabled it to provide a source of photogrammetric control and thus to offer indirect georeferencing. This paper presents a methodology for the indirect georeferencing of digital SLR images using signalised lidar control points, together with the results obtained. The intensity image and raw lidar data‐set were used to extract 3D coordinates of signalised control points. Two bundle adjustments of 21 images were performed. In the first case the coordinates of the control points were obtained by using GPS survey. In the second, they were extracted from a lidar data‐set. The results obtained from these experiments confirm the feasibility of the proposed methodology.
Moxifloxacin‐Containing Triple Therapy versus Bismuth‐Containing Quadruple Therapy for Second‐Line Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wu Cheng , Chen Xiao , Liu Jing , Li Ming‐Yang , Zhang Zi‐Qi , Wang Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:  Moxifloxacin‐containing triple therapy has been suggested as an alternative second‐line therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection.Aims:  To systematically review the efficacy and tolerance of moxifloxacin‐containing triple therapy in second‐line H. pylori eradication, and to conduct a meta‐analysis of studies comparing this regimen with bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy.Materials and Methods:  Electronic databases including Medline, Embase, Cochrane controlled trials register, Web of Science, PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (updated to December 2010), and manual searches were conducted. A meta‐analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing moxifloxacin‐containing triple therapy to bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy in the second‐line treatment of H. pylori infection was performed.Results:  Seven RCTs including 787 patients were assessed. The meta‐analysis showed that the eradication rate in the moxifloxacin group was significantly higher than that in the quadruple therapy group (74.9 vs 61.4%, OR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.38–2.58, p < .0001); besides, the rates of side effects and discontinuing therapy because of side effects in the moxifloxacin group were significantly lower than those in the quadruple therapy group (side effects: 10.1 vs 27.8%, OR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.18–0.41, p < .00001; discontinuing therapy because of side effects: 1.4 vs 8.2%, OR 0.18, 95% CI: 0.08–0.40, p < .0001). These results were constant in the sensitivity analyses.Conclusion:  Moxifloxacin‐containing triple regimen is more effective and better tolerated than the bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy in the second‐line treatment of H. pylori infection.
No viremia of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 was demonstrated in blood donors who had donated blood during the probable incubation period
Authors: Sobata Rieko , Matsumoto Chieko , Igarashi Masashi , Uchida Shigeharu , Momose Shunya , Hino Satoru , Satake Masahiro , Tadokoro Kenji 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND: In the spring of 2009, the novel swine‐origin influenza A (pandemic [H1N1] 2009) virus emerged and spread globally. Although no established cases of transfusion‐transmitted influenza have been reported, the widespread outbreak of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 caused serious concern regarding the safety of blood products. The Japanese Red Cross Blood Centers have intercepted blood products with accompanying postdonation information indicating possible pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection. To study the risk of transmission of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 by blood transfusion, we searched for the viral genome in such products using nucleic acid amplification technology.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Between June and December 2009, blood components were collected from 579 blood donors who were diagnosed as or strongly suspected of having pandemic (H1N1) 2009 within 7 days after donation. Viral RNA was extracted from plasma and red blood cell (RBC) products, and RNA samples were subjected to real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction of the hemagglutinin and matrix genes of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus.RESULTS: A total of 565 plasma and 413 RBC products from the 579 blood donors were available. No viral RNA of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 was detected in any of the blood samples from the 579 blood donors.CONCLUSION: No viremia of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 was demonstrated in any of the 579 blood donors who had most likely donated blood during the incubation period. It is considered that the risk of transmitting pandemic (H1N1) 2009 by blood transfusion is extremely low.
Effect of resveratrol on bone formation in the expanded inter‐premaxillary suture: early bone changes
Authors: Uysal T , Gorgulu S , Yagci A , Karslioglu Y , Gunhan O , Sagdic D 
Published: March 2011

To cite this article:
Uysal T, Gorgulu S, Yagci A, Karslioglu Y, Gunhan O, Sagdic D:  Effect of resveratrol on bone formation in the expanded inter‐premaxillary suture: early bone changes  Orthod Craniofac Res 2011;14:80–87Structured AbstractAuthors –  Uysal T, Gorgulu S, Yagci A, Karslioglu Y, Gunhan O, Sagdic DObjective –  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of local resveratrol (RSVL) administration on bone formation in response to expansion of the inter‐premaxillary suture, in rats.Material and Methods –  Twenty 50‐ to 60‐day‐old male Wistar rats were separated into two equal groups. Both groups were subjected to expansion, and 30 cN of force was applied to the maxillary incisors with helical‐spring. Twenty‐four hours after appliance placement, single‐dose 10 μmol/kg RSVL in the dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was injected to the inter‐premaxillary suture in the experimental group. In the control group, the same amount of DMSO was injected to the suture of rats. Bone formation in the suture was evaluated histomorphometrically. The area of new bone (μm2), the perimeter around the new bone (μm), Feret’s diameter (μm), the percentage of new bone to non‐ossified tissue (%), and the number of osteoblast were measured and compared. Mann–Whitney U‐test was used for statistical evaluation at p < 0.05 level.Results –  Statistically significant differences were found between the groups for all histomorphometric parameters. New bone area (p < 0.001), bone perimeter (p < 0.001), Feret’s diameter (p < 0.001), percentage of new bone (p < 0.001), and the number of osteoblast (p < 0.001) were significantly larger in the experimental group when compared with the control. Bone histomorphometric measurements revealed that bone architecture in the RSVL treated rats was improved.Conclusions –  Local application of RSVL during the early stages to orthopedically expanded inter‐premaxillary suture area may stimulate bone formation and shorten the retention period, in rats.
Situational analysis of infant and young child nutrition policies and programmatic activities in Mali
Authors: Wuehler Sara E. , Coulibaly Mouctar 
Published: March 2011

AbstractProgress towards reducing mortality and malnutrition among children <5 years of age has been less than needed to achieve related Millennium Development Goals. Therefore, several international agencies joined to ‘Reposition children's right to adequate nutrition in the Sahel’, starting with a situational analysis of current activities related to infant and young child nutrition (IYCN). The main objectives of the situational analysis are to compile, analyse and interpret available information on infant and young child feeding, and the nutrition situation of children <2 years of age in Mali, as one of the six targeted countries. Between June and September 2008, key informants responsible for conducting IYCN‐related activities in Mali were interviewed, and 117 documents were examined on the following themes: optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, prevention of micronutrient deficiencies, screening and management of acute malnutrition, prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV, food security, and hygienic practices. Most of the key IYCN topics were addressed in national policies, training materials, and programme documents. Information on the national coverage and impact of these programmes is generally not available. Exclusive breastfeeding (<6 months) has increased in Mali, but no studies identified the contributors to this increase. Despite improvements in breastfeeding practices, optimal infant, and young child feeding is still practiced among too few young children in Mali. Several research articles were identified, but few of these were linked to programme development. Some programme monitoring and evaluation reports were available, but few of these were rigorous enough to identify whether IYCN‐specific programme components were implemented as designed or were achieving desired outcomes. Therefore, we could not confirm which programmes contributed to reported improvements. Monitoring of programmes managing malnutrition identified gaps in human and institutional capacities to fully carry out intended interventions and the government has recognized the overall lack of adequate numbers of health care providers to carry out necessary programmes in Mali, of which nutrition programmes are a part. The policy and programme framework is well established for support of optimal IYCN practices, but greater resources and capacity building are needed to: (i) conduct necessary research to adapt training materials and programme protocols to programmatic needs; (ii) implement rigorous monitoring and evaluation that identify effective programme components; and (iii) apply these findings in developing, expanding, and improving effective programmes.
Osseointegration surgery and implant stability in irradiated mandibles
Authors: Støre G. , Heyden A. , Walaas L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  Bone healing is impaired after irradiation, and implant surgery in irradiated mandibles is associated with lower implant survival compared with normal bone. The aim of this study was to investigate irradiated mandibular bone and implant stability and osseointegration in such compromised tissues.Materials and methods:  Thirty‐one patients irradiated for head and neck cancer had 125 implants, one‐stage with healing abutments installed as part of their oral rehabilitation. Bone biopsies were collected as part of the implant operation from 12 mandibles. All patients received adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy pre‐ and post‐operatively. Implant stability was measured during operation using a resonance frequency device, and for 16 patients, additional implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were recorded up to 20 weeks post‐operatively.Results:  All bone biopsies showed radiation tissue injuries with focal necrosis and fibrosis. ISQ recorded at the time of operation showed values within normal range, with two thirds above 70. Sixteen implants (12.8%) were lost at an early stage (average of 3 months post‐operatively), despite good initial stability. Sixteen patients with 63 implants were followed post‐operatively for another 20 weeks. Thirty‐seven implants (58.7%) showed ISQ values above baseline, whereas 26 implants (41.3%) had lower values. Soft‐tissue problems with prolonged healing around the implants were observed in 12 patients, two of whom developed osteoradionecrosis.Conclusion:  Implant surgery in irradiated mandibles with poor bone quality is feasible but associated with increased soft‐tissue complications and implant losses. The risk of such complications, however, is outweighed by the benefits of implants to enhance the outcome of oral rehabilitation of head and neck cancer patients. The dispersion of ISQ values makes implant loss in irradiated mandibles hard to predict from resonance frequency analysis alone.
Defining an Ontology of Cognitive Control Requires Attention to Component Interactions
Authors: Badre David 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCognitive control is not only componential, but those components may interact in complicated ways in the service of cognitive control tasks. This complexity poses a challenge for developing an ontological description, because the mapping may not be direct between our task descriptions and true component differences reflected in indicators. To illustrate this point, I discuss two examples: (a) the relationship between adaptive gating and working memory and (b) the recent evidence for a control hierarchy. From these examples, I argue that an ontological program must simultaneously seek to identify component processes and their interactions within a broader processing architecture.
Role of TLR4 and MAPK in the local effect of LPS on intestinal contractility
Authors: Barona Inés , Fagundes Diego Santos , Gonzalo Sergio , Grasa Laura , Arruebo María Pilar , Plaza Miguel Ángel , Murillo María Divina 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Objectives
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown to alter intestinal contractility. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), K+ channels and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been proposed to be involved in the mechanism of action of LPS. The aim of this study was to determine the role of TLR4, K+ channels and MAPKs (p38, JNK and MEK1/2) in the local effect of LPS on the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contractions in rabbit small intestine in vitro.

Methods
Segments of rabbit duodenum were suspended in the direction of longitudinal or circular smooth muscle fibres in a thermostatically controlled organ bath.

Key findings
LPS (0.3 µg/ml) reduced the contractions induced by ACh (100 µm) in the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle of the duodenum after 90 min of incubation. Polymyxin (TLR4 inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK1/2 inhibitor) and U0126 (MEK1/2 inhibitor) antagonized the effects of the LPS on ACh-induced contractions in duodenal smooth muscle. Incubation with the blockers of K+ channels, TEA, apamin, charybdotoxin, iberiotoxin, glibenclamide or quinine, did not reverse the effect of LPS on ACh-induced contractions.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the effect of LPS on ACh-induced contractions in the rabbit duodenum might be mediated by TLR4 and p38, JNK1/2 and MEK1/2 MAPKs.
Fretting Wear Modeling of Coated and Uncoated Surfaces Using the Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method
Authors: Leonard Benjamin D. , Patil Pankaj , Slack Trevor S. , Sadeghi Farshid , Shinde Sachin , Mittelbach Marc 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
A new approach for modeling fretting wear in a Hertzian line contact is presented. The combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM) in which multiple finite element bodies interact as distinct bodies is used to model a two-dimensional fretting contact with and without coatings. The normal force and sliding distance are used during each fretting cycle, and fretting wear is modeled by locally applying Archard’s wear equation to determine wear loss along the surface. The FDEM is validated by comparing the pressure and frictional shear stress results to the continuum mechanics solution for a Hertzian fretting contact. The dependence of the wear algorithm stability on the cycle increment of a fretting simulation is also investigated. The effects of friction coefficient, normal force, displacement amplitude, coating thickness, and coating modulus of elasticity on fretting wear are presented.
Utility of Urine, Vaginal, Cervical, and Rectal Specimens for Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in Women
Authors: Lillis Rebecca A. , Nsuami M. Jacques , Myers Leann , Martin David H. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the utility of urine, vaginal, cervical, and rectal specimens for the detection of
Mycoplasma genitalium
in women by using our laboratory-developed PCR assay. The relative sensitivity was 85.7% for the vaginal swab specimen, 74.3% for the endocervical swab specimen, 61.4% for the urine specimen, and 24.3% for the rectal swab specimen.