bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Ion‐Mediated Spiking Chemical Neuron based on Mott Memristor
Authors: Ren Huihui , Li Fanfan , Wang Min , Liu Guolei , Li Dingwei , Wang Rui , Chen Yitong , Tang Yingjie , Wang Yan , Jin Ran , Huang Qi , Xing Lixiang , Chen Xiaopeng , Wang Juan , Guo Chengchen , Zhu Bowen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArtificial spiking neurons capable of interpreting ionic information into electrical spikes are critical to mimic biological signaling systems. Mott memristors are attractive for constructing artificial spiking neurons due to their simple structure, low energy consumption, and rich neural dynamics. However, challenges remain in achieving ion‐mediated spiking and biohybrid‐interfacing in Mott neurons. Here, a biomimetic spiking chemical neuron (SCN) utilizing an NbOx Mott memristor and oxide field‐effect transistor‐type chemical sensor is introduced. The SCN exhibits both excitation and inhibition spiking behaviors toward ionic concentrations akin to biological neural systems. It demonstrates spiking responses across physiological and pathological Na+ concentrations (1–200 × 10−3 m). The Na+‐mediated SCN enables both frequency encoding and time‐to‐first‐spike coding schemes, illustrating the rich neural dynamics of Mott neuron. In addition, the SCN interfaced with L929 cells facilitates real‐time modulation of ion‐mediated spiking under both normal and salty cellular microenvironments.
Cordycepin Modulates Microglial M2 Polarization Coupled with Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming by Targeting HKII and PDK2
Authors: Zhong Xin , Gong Shiqiang , Meng Linghui , Yao Weifan , Du Ke , Jiao Linchi , Ma Guowei , Liang Jingwei , Wei Binbin , Jin Xin , Tong Junhui , Dong Jianru , Liu Mengyu , Gao Menglin , Jia Huachao , Jiang Wenjuan , Yu Zhihua , Wang Yanzhe , Sun Xiaohong , Wei Minjie , Liu Mingyan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe microenvironment mediated by the microglia (MG) M1/M2 phenotypic switch plays a decisive role in the neuronal fate and cognitive function of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the impact of metabolic reprogramming on microglial polarization and its underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study reveals that cordycepin improved cognitive function and memory in APP/PS1 mice, as well as attenuated neuronal damage by triggering MG‐M2 polarization and metabolic reprogramming characterized by increased OXPHOS and glycolysis, rather than directly protecting neurons. Simultaneously, cordycepin partially alleviates mitochondrial damage in microglia induced by inhibitors of OXPHOS and glycolysis, further promoting MG‐M2 transformation and increasing neuronal survival. Through confirmation of cordycepin distribution in the microglial mitochondria via mitochondrial isolation followed by HPLC‐MS/MS techniques, HKII and PDK2 are further identified as potential targets of cordycepin. By investigating the effects of HKII and PDK2 inhibitors, the mechanism through which cordycepin targeted HKII to elevate ECAR levels in the glycolysis pathway while targeting PDK2 to enhance OCR levels in PDH‐mediated OXPHOS pathway, thereby inducing MG‐M2 polarization, promoting neuronal survival and exerting an anti‐AD role is elucidated.
Organic Passivation‐Enhanced Ferroelectricity in Perovskite Oxide Films
Authors: Meng Hao , Chen Bingbing , Dai Xiuhong , Guo Jianxin , Li Wenheng , Bai Yuhua , Chang Xuan , Zhang Xuning , Chen Jingwei , Gao Qing , Liu Baoting , Chen Jianhui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPerovskite oxides and organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials, with numerous fascinating features, have been subjected to extensive studies. Most of the properties of perovskite materials are dependence on their ferroelectricity that denoted by remanent polarization (Pr). Thus, the increase of Pr in perovskite films is mainly an effort in material physics. At present, commonplace improvement schemes, i.e., controlling material crystallinity, and post‐annealing by using a high‐temperature process, are normally used. However, a simpler and temporal strategy for Pr improvement is always unavailable to perovskite material researchers. In this study, an organic coating layer, low‐temperature, and vacuum‐free strategy is proposed to improve the Pr, directly increasing the Pr from 36 to 56 µC cm−2. Further study finds that the increased Pr originates from the suppression of the oxygen defects and Ti defects. This organic coating layer strategy for passivating the defects may open a new way for the preparation of higher‐performance and cost‐effective perovskite products, further improving its prospective for application in the electron devices field.
Optimization Design of Fluoro‐Cyanogen Copolymer Electrolyte to Achieve 4.7 V High‐Voltage Solid Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Xu Weijian , Dong Weiliang , Lin Jianzhou , Mu Kexin , Song Zhennuo , Tan Jiji , Wang Ruixue , Liu Qiang , Zhu Caizhen , Xu Jian , Tian Lei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRaising the charging voltage and employing high‐capacity cathodes like lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) are efficient strategies to expand battery capacity. High voltage, however, will reveal major issues such as the electrolyte's low interface stability and weak electrochemical stability. Designing high‐performance solid electrolytes from the standpoint of substance genetic engineering design is consequently vital. In this instance, stable SEI and CEI interface layers are constructed, and a 4.7 V high‐voltage solid copolymer electrolyte (PAFP) with a fluoro‐cyanogen group is generated by polymer molecular engineering. As a result, PAFP has an exceptionally broad electrochemical window (5.5 V), a high Li+ transference number (0.71), and an ultrahigh ionic conductivity (1.2 mS cm−2) at 25 °C. Furthermore, the Li||Li symmetric cell possesses excellent interface stability and 2000 stable cycles at 1 mA cm−2. The LCO|PAFP|Li batteries have a 73.7% retention capacity after 1200 cycles. Moreover, it still has excellent cycling stability at a high charging voltage of 4.7 V. These characteristics above also allow PAFP to run stably at high loading, showing excellent electrochemical stability. Furthermore, the proposed PAFP provides new insights into high‐voltage resistant solid polymer electrolytes.
Genetically Designed Living Bacteria with Melanogenesis for Tumor‐Specific Pigmentation and Therapeutic Intervention
Authors: Wang Liying , Wu Qi , Lyu Qi , Lu Dan , Guo Lehang , Zhong Chao , Wang Min , Liu Chang , An Bolin , Xu Huixiong , Huo Minfeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVisual observation and therapeutic intervention against tumors hold significant appeal for tumor treatment, particularly in meeting the demands of intraoperative navigation. From a clinical perspective, the naked‐eye visualization of tumors provides a direct and convenient approach to identifying tumors and navigating during surgery. Nevertheless, there is an ongoing need to develop effective solutions in this frontier. Genetically engineered microorganisms are promising as living therapeutics for combatting malignant tumors, leveraging precise tumor targeting and versatile programmed functionalities. Here, genetically modified Escherichia coli (E. coli) MG1655 bacterial cells are introduced, called MelaBac cells, designed to express tyrosinase continuously. This bioengineered melanogenesis produces melanin capable of pigmenting both subcutaneous CT26 xenografts and chemically induced colorectal cancer (CRC). Additionally, MelaBac cells demonstrate the initiation of photonic hyperthermia therapy and immunotherapy against tumors, offering promising selective therapeutic interventions with high biocompatibility.
CWF19L2 is Essential for Male Fertility and Spermatogenesis by Regulating Alternative Splicing
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Cai Yuling , Li Tongtong , Wang Yan , Bao Ziyou , Wang Renxue , Qin Junchao , Wang Ziqi , Liu Yining , Liu Zhaojian , Chan Wai‐Yee , Chen Xiangfeng , Lu Gang , Chen Zi‐Jiang , Huang Tao , Liu Hongbin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe progression of spermatogenesis along specific developmental trajectories depends on the coordinated regulation of pre‐mRNA alternative splicing (AS) at the post‐transcriptional level. However, the fundamental mechanism of AS in spermatogenesis remains to be investigated. Here, it is demonstrated that CWF19L2 plays a pivotal role in spermatogenesis and male fertility. In germline conditional Cwf19l2 knockout mice exhibiting male sterility, impaired spermatogenesis characterized by increased apoptosis and decreased differentiated spermatogonia and spermatocytes is observed. That CWF19L2 interacted with several spliceosome proteins to participate in the proper assembly and stability of the spliceosome is discovered. By integrating RNA‐seq and LACE‐seq data, it is further confirmed CWF19L2 directly bound and regulated the splicing of genes related to spermatogenesis (Znhit1, Btrc, and Fbxw7) and RNA splicing (Rbfox1, Celf1, and Rbm10). Additionally, CWF19L2 can indirectly amplify its effect on splicing regulation through modulating RBFOX1. Collectively, this research establishes that CWF19L2 orchestrates a splicing factor network to ensure accurate pre‐mRNA splicing during the early steps of spermatogenesis.
3D‐hUMSCs Exosomes Ameliorate Vitiligo by Simultaneously Potentiating Treg Cells‐Mediated Immunosuppression and Suppressing Oxidative Stress‐Induced Melanocyte Damage
Authors: Wang Qi , Guo Weinan , Niu Liaoran , Zhou Yuqi , Wang Zeqian , Chen Jianru , Chen Jiaxi , Ma Jingjing , Zhang Jia , Jiang Zhaoting , Wang Bo , Zhang Zhe , Li Chunying , Jian Zhe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by epidermal melanocyte destruction, with abnormal autoimmune responses and excessive oxidative stress as two cardinal mechanisms. Human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells‐derived exosomes (hUMSCs‐Exos) are regarded as promising therapeutic choice for autoimmune diseases due to potent immunosuppressive and anti‐oxidative properties, which can be potentiated under 3D cell culture condition. Nevertheless, whether exosomes derived from 3D spheroids of hUMSCs (3D‐Exos) exhibit considerable therapeutic effect on vitiligo and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. In this study, systemic administration of 3D‐Exos showed a remarkable effect in treating mice with vitiligo, as revealed by ameliorated skin depigmentation, less CD8+T cells infiltration, and expanded Treg cells in skin, and 3D‐Exos exerted a better effect than 2D‐Exos. Mechanistically, 3D‐Exos can prominently facilitate the expansion of Treg cells in vitiligo lesion and suppress H2O2‐induced melanocytes apoptosis. Forward miRNA profile analysis and molecular experiments have demonstrated that miR‐132‐3p and miR‐125b‐5p enriched in 3D‐Exos greatly contributed to these biological effects by targeting Sirt1 and Bak1 respectively. In aggregate, 3D‐Exos can efficiently ameliorate vitiligo by simultaneously potentiating Treg cells‐mediated immunosuppression and suppressing oxidative stress‐induced melanocyte damage via the delivery of miR‐132‐3p and miR‐125b‐5p. The employment of 3D‐Exos will be a promising treament for vitiligo.
Accomplishing High‐Performance Organic Solar Sub‐Modules (≈55 cm2) with >16% Efficiency by Controlling the Aggregation of an Engineered Non‐Fullerene Acceptor
Authors: Gokulnath Thavamani , Kim Hyerin , Kranthiraja Kakaraparthi , Cho Bo Hyeon , Park Ho‐Yeol , Jee Jesung , Kim Young Yong , Yoon Jinhwan , Jin Sung‐Ho 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe fabrication of environmentally benign, solvent‐processed, efficient, organic photovoltaic sub‐modules remains challenging due to the rapid aggregation of the current high performance non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs). In this regard, design of new NFAs capable of achieving optimal aggregation in large‐area organic photovoltaic modules has not been realized. Here, an NFA named BTA‐HD‐Rh is synthesized with longer (hexyl‐decyl) side chains that exhibit good solubility and optimal aggregation. Interestingly, integrating a minute amount of new NFA (BTA‐HD‐Rh) into the PM6:L8‐BO system enables the improved solubility in halogen‐free solvents (o‐xylene:carbon disulfide (O‐XY:CS2)) with controlled aggregation is found. Then solar sub‐modules are fabricated at ambient condition (temperature at 25 ± 3 °C and humidity: 30–45%). Ultimately, the champion 55 cm2 sub‐modules achieve exciting efficiency of >16% in O‐XY:CS2 solvents, which is the highest PCE reported for sub‐modules. Notably, the highest efficiency of BTA‐HD‐Rh doped PM6:L8‐BO is very well correlated with high miscibility with low Flory‐Huggins parameter (0.372), well‐defined nanoscale morphology, and high charge transport. This study demonstrates that a careful choice of side chain engineering for an NFA offers fascinating features that control the overall aggregation of active layer, which results in superior sub‐module performance with environmental‐friendly solvents.
Carbazole Treated Waterproof Perovskite Films with Improved Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Jeong Jaeki , Chawanpunyawat Thanyarat , Kim Minjin , Sláma Vladislav , Lempesis Nikolaos , Agosta Lorenzo , Carnevali Virginia , Zhang Qihao , Eickemeyer Felix T. , Pfeifer Lukas , Kim YeonJu , Song Ji Won , Lu Haizhou , Almalki Masaud , Mo Sung‐In , Zakeerudin Shaik Mohammed , Rothlisberger Ursula , Kim Dong Suk , Dyson Paul J. , Grätzel Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSurface passivation has been widely employed to suppress non‐radiative charge recombination and prevent interfacial charge accumulation in perovskite photovoltaics. In this report, carbazole modified with ammonium iodide connected via alkyl chains of different lengths (i.e., ethyl, butyl, and hexyl chains) is used to form passivation layers on formamidinium lead triiodide FAPbI3‐based perovskite films to improve operational stability. Owing to the strong hydrophobicity of the carbazole moiety, it is observed that the perovskite films with a carbazole passivation layer retain their initial properties even after direct contact with a water droplet for 100 s. In addition, carbazole treatment reduces the rate of trap‐assisted recombination at the surface and grain boundaries of the perovskite layer. Furthermore, it accelerates interfacial hole transfer from the perovskite to the charge transport layer. As a result, devices treated with carbazole hexylammonium iodide achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 24.3% during quasi‐steady‐state (QSS) measurements with extraordinary long‐term operational stability under conditions of the ISOS‐L‐1 protocol, maintaining 95% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h.
Modulating ion coordination environment for improved Li+/Mg2+ selectivity in mixed solutions
Authors: Shi Yayun , Zhang Bowen , Qian Tianyue , Zhao Xiaoli , Li Jiang , Li Ruimin , Liu Congcong , Zuo Zhijun , Yang Xiaowei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe outstanding ionic sieving capabilities of the nanoporous membranes have been evident; however, the selectivity in mixed solutions is often lower than that in single salt solutions. Given that the inherent properties of nanochannels remain the same, the ionic coordination structure in mixed solution becomes a remarkable factor for the inferior selectivity, and may change due to the interaction between anions and multivalent cations, a phenomenon rarely explored. Herein, molecular simulations demonstrated some free hydrated ions transfer to ionic clusters consisting of multi‐ions in representative LiCl/MgCl2 mixed solutions, and the ionic permeability discrepancy is exponentially associated with ionic cluster change. Ionic clusters are engaged by the enhanced coordination of chloride ions under the interference of divalent cations. Hence, by introducing anions with weak coordination ability, this detrimental effect is mitigated and ion selectivity is improved. This work provides essential theoretical foundations for further ion sieving applications in complex system.
A general strategy for even growth of ultrasmall MoS2 nanosheets on carbon supports to boost hydrogen evolution activity
Authors: Han Shuhuan , Shao Zhengxuan , Li Xiuhui , Fu Jiwen , Zeng Xiaofei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMoS2 has been considered as a potential replacement for Pt‐based catalysts in hydrogen evolution reaction. But the lack of sufficient active sites limits the intrinsic activity of MoS2‐based catalysts. Here, we propose a general strategy to synthesize ultra‐small MoS2 nanosheets grown evenly on carbon substrates to maximize the active sites by exposing more edge positions and inducing MoS2 phase transition. It is found that Ru can assist MoS2 to grow vertically and uniformly on the surface of carbon substrates by in situ derivatization to improve the catalytic activity effectively. MoS2 nanosheets on the substrates are much smaller and denser than those prepared without Ru or with other metal elements. Electrocatalysis results revealed that the number of active sites and conductivity of the optimized Ru‐MoS2@CSs increase obviously, and the overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 is much lower than that of MoS2@CSs and metal (Co, Ni)‐MoS2@CSs, respectively, at 1.0 M KOH.
A Direct Route to closo‐SBnCln Thiaboranes from Simple Electron‐Precise Synthons: The Different Role of Chalcogen Bonding in SB5Cl5 and SB11Cl11 Crystals
Authors: Keller Willi , Lissner Falk , Ballmann Joachim , Fanfrlík Jindřich , Hnyk Drahomír , Schleid Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSix‐vertex closo‐SB5Cl5 (1) and ten‐vertex closo‐1‐SB9Cl9 (2) thiaboranes have been prepared, besides the already known 12‐vertex closo‐SB11Cl11 (3), from the co‐pyrolysis reaction of B2Cl4 with S2Cl2 at 280 °C in vacuo. The compounds are sublimable, off‐white solids. Their elemental composition has been determined by high‐resolution mass spectrometry. They were further characterized by one‐ and two‐dimensional 11B NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray structure determination for 1 and 3. Ab initio/GIAO/NMR computations support octahedral, bicapped square‐antiprismatic, and icosahedral geometries for 1, 2 and 3, respectively, as expected based on their closo‐electron counts. 1 is the first isolated example of a neutral polyhedral closo‐thiaborane with a cluster size smaller than ten vertices. The solid‐state structure of 3 is one of the rare examples of a single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination of an icosahedral heteroborane reported. The corresponding crystal‐packing forces show the different role of chalcogen bonding in these octahedral and icosahedral crystals. In addition, there is a mass‐spectrometry evidence for the recurrent formation of further thiaborane homologs of closo‐SBnCln with n=4, 6, 10, and supra‐icosahedral 12.
Promotion of CO2 Electroreduction on Bismuth Nanosheets with Cerium Oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Guan Yue , Wu Si‐Qian , Huang Hui‐Zi , Zhu Zhejiaji , Tian Wenjing , Yin An‐Xiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFormic acid (HCOOH) is a highly energy efficient product of the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Bismuth‐based catalysts have shown promise in the conversion of CO2 to formic acid, but there is still a great need for further improvement in selectivity and activity. Herein, we report the preparation of Bi nanosheets decorated by cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeOx) with high Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio and rich oxygen vacancies. The CeOx nanoparticles affect the electronic structures of bismuth, enhance CO2 adsorption, and thus promote the CO2RR properties of Bi nanosheets. Compared with elemental Bi nanosheets, the hetero‐structured CeOx/Bi nanosheets exhibit much higher activity over a wide potential window, showing a current density of 16.1 mA cm−2 with a Faradaic efficiency of 91.1% at −0.9 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode.
Optimal designs of accelerated degradation tests with random shock failures and measurement errors
Authors: Wu Lin , Zhou Xiao‐Dong , Yue Rong‐Xian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccelerated degradation tests (ADTs) are widely used for assessing the reliability of long‐life products. During an ADT, accelerated stresses not only expedite the degradation of test products but also increase the likelihood of encountering traumatic shocks. Moreover, it is important to acknowledge that measurement errors can be inevitable during the observation process of an ADT. Unfortunately, these errors are often overlooked in the optimal design of the ADT, especially when multiple competing failure modes are present. In this article, we propose a new approach to design ADTs when measurement errors exist and test products suffer from degradation failures and random shock failures. We utilize the Wiener process to model the degradation path, incorporating normally distributed measurement errors, and an exponential distribution to fit the time between random shock failures. Given the number of test products and the termination time, we optimize the ADT plans under three common design criteria. The equivalence theorem is used to verify the optimality of the optimal ADT plans. A real‐life example and sensitivity analysis are provided to illustrate our proposed method. The results demonstrate that when competing failure modes are present, the optimal ADT plans, which account for measurement errors, differ significantly from those that do not consider such errors.
A novel method of flash‐hydrolysis assisted pigment extraction (carotenoids) from microalgae biomass
Authors: Khandual Sanghamitra , Pokharel Ujjwal , Rathore Shradha , Bonilla‐Ahumada Felipe , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe human body can easily convert β‐carotene into retinol (a precursor of vitamin A), a significant ingredient in dietary supplements. The need for commercial natural pigment production, including β‐carotene, has led to intensive research in this area. Processing after biosynthesis is a vital stage that involves the use of nontoxic solvents, efficient mechanical disruption of cells, and the isolation of the required compounds. With the growing popularity of green extraction methods and the increasing market demand for carotenoids due to their health benefits, the use of clean, nontoxic, flash‐hydrolyzed biomass for carotenoid production presents a significant advantage. Furthermore, the remaining biomass can serve as a protein source for animal feed, thereby aligning with the principles of the biorefinery concept. In this study, our aim was to optimize the disruption of cells in two microalgal species using flash hydrolysis (FH). We applied two distinct levels of pressure and four separate temperature conditions over a brief residence time. Following this, we employed an ethanol extraction method to assess the efficiency of carotenoid pigment extraction. Flash hydrolysis is a chemical‐free subcritical water‐based continuous‐flow process, injected with wet biomass slurry at a high temperature (150–250 °C) for a very short time (8–12 s) to obtain bioproducts. In this study, we discovered that the pigment β‐carotene constituted 0.04 to 0.3% of the dry biomass in the case of Chlorella vulgaris. Bands of lutein and zeaxanthin were also observed in the thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of the treated slurry. This was achieved under conditions of an effective temperature of 200 °C and a pressure of 1700 psi. The Arthrospira platensis (1Tex), β‐carotene yield was 0.014 to 0.021% of dry biomass. Some lutein and zeaxanthin bands were also found in the treated slurry with an effective temperature of 150 °C and 1000 psi pressure. This study reports pigment extraction by FH for the first time. It is a viable process to scale up high‐value natural products like carotenoids from microalgae at the industrial level without adverse environmental impacts. Due to low residence time, the temperature does not have a negative effect on pigments; cell rupture was accomplished effectively using water as a solvent. A considerable amount of pigment could be recovered from microalgae at specific combinations of temperature and pressure depending on the type of cell wall that microalgae possess.