bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tolerance of Five Turfgrass Species to Soil Alkali1
Authors: Lunt O. R. , Kaempffe C. , Younger V. B. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe growth of Puccinellia distans, Seaside bentgrass, Alta fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and common bermudagrass as influenced by exchangeable sodium percentage in soils was studied using both untreated and VAMA treated soils. Puccinellia distans and Seaside bentgrass exhibited good tolerance and only moderate reduction in growth at ESP values of 26 to 28. The other grasses were reduced in growth by about one‐third to one‐half in this range but showed only slight reduction in growth at ESP values of 11 or 12.
Exponential Regression and a Computer Program for the Estimation of Parameters1
Authors: Carmer S. G. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisExamples of exponential regression models of agronomic importance are described. An iterative least squares procedure for the fitting of exponential models is outlined. An IBM 7094 computer program useful for a wide range of exponential models with 1 to 7 independent variables is described.
Effect of Depth of Water Table on Yield of Tall Fescue1
Authors: Williamson R. E. , Willey C. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisWithout surface watering, tall fescue yielded approximately the same with water table depths of 9 and 17 inches. With 1 inch of surface water per week, the maximum yield was obtained with a 16‐inch water table depth. The reduction in yield with the 8‐inch water table depth was attributed to leaching nitrogen from the root zone. Aeration measurements in the root zone offer a means of extrapolating desired water table depths to other soil types.
Yield, Nitrogen Content, and Water Use of Sart Sorghum1
Authors: Doss B. D. , Ashley D. A. , Bennett O. L. , Patterson R. M. , Ensminger L. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisForage yields of Sart sorghum were increased by either nitrogen fertilizer or irrigation, but a far greater increase was obtained when both were used. Nitrogen content of the plants increased as soil moisture decreased and rate of nitrogen application increased. Closer row spacing increased both forage yield and nitrogen content. Water use increased as the amount of available soil moisture increased.
Turfgrass Response to Dacthal and Nitrogen1
Authors: Jagschitz J. A. , Skogley C. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisApplications of Dacthal for crabgrass control in a turfgrass mixture resulted in a large reduction in the amount of red fescue, some Colonial bentgrass reduction and an increase in Kentucky bluegrass. Dacthal initially reduced total turfgrass cover but when used with monthly nitrogen applications reduction in cover was less apparent. Nitrogen increased the amount of bentgrass, reduced red fescue, and had little effect on bluegrass. Turfgrass treated with nitrogen had a darker green color and yielded more clippings.
Performance of Tillage Implements in a Stubble Mulch System. I. Residue Conservation1
Authors: Woodruff N. P. , Fenster C. R. , Chepil W. S. , Siddoway F. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisDuring initial tillage of winter wheat stubble, the amount of crop residue retained on the soil surface by a given implement varied with height of stubble, amount of pretillage residue, and spacing between stubble rows. During subsequent tillage, the amount of residue retained on the surface was very slightly affected by height or length of residue, moderately affected by amount of pretillage residue, but strongly influenced by previous method of tillage.
Effects of Irrigation and Phosphorus on Production of Field Tomatoes1
Authors: Cannell Glen H. , Bingham F. T. , Asbell C. W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIn irrigation‐phosphorus studies the highest fruit yields were associated with a medium moisture treatment and adequate phosphorus. Fruit size, rot, and set were significantly affected by soil moisture treatments but were not significantly influenced by P levels.
Response of Wet‐Meadow Vegetation to Length and Depth of Surface Water from Wild‐Flood Irrigation1
Authors: Rumburg C. B. , Sawyer W. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisHay yields from native wet meadows increased with an increase in the length of continuous wild‐flood irrigation, as long as the water was 5 inches or less above the soil surface. Water levels of 7.5 inches above the surface were detrimental to yields if they persisted 50 days or longer. Delaying irrigation 2 weeks at the beginning of the season and extending it 2 weeks at the end increased yields by .25 ton/acre.
Influence of Soil Aeration on the Growth and Chemical Composition of Three Grass Species1
Authors: Waddington D. V. , Baker J. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThree grass species were grown in soil in which oxygen diffusion rates were varied by changing soil moisture tension and oxygen concentration. Root growth of Merion Kentucky bluegrass was greatly reduced or stopped in soil where oxygen diffusion rates were less than 5 to 9 × 1O−8g./cm.2/min. Penncross creeping bentgrass and goosegrass roots grew well at rates below 5 ✕ 10−8 g./cm.2Vmin. Nutrient accumulation was not appreciably decreased at low oxygen diffusion treatments.
The Growth and Yield of Corn. IV. Environmental Effects on Grain Yield Components of Mature Ears1
Authors: Hatfield A. L. , Benoit G. R. , Ragland J. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisCorn was grown in 6 environmental combinations in each of 2 years. Grain yield was related to emergence date and to total hours of daylight during the grain formation period. The correlation of ear components with yield and with themselves was drastically affected by environmental factors associated with season of growth and soil moisture. The variations in the numerical values due to environmental changes suggest that ear component analysis in a suboptimum environment is of little value for determining genetic inheritance.
Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition and Yield of Coastal Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization Schedule1
Authors: Hart Richard H. , Burton Glenn W. , Jackson J. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSeasonal variation in yield and crude protein content of ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass was reduced when nitrogen was applied in 6 increments of 100 pounds per acre rather than three 200‐pound increments. Protein content at the first cutting was higher under the latter schedule, but was higher under the former at the second cutting. Total yield, average crude protein, crude fiber, and vitamin A content, and seasonal variation in fiber and vitamin A content did not differ significantly between schedules. A schedule of four 150‐pound applications of nitrogen is proposed to maintain protein, fiber, and vitamin A at desired levels throughout the season.
The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization of Mature Pangolagrass Just Prior to Utilization in the Winter on Yields, Dry Matter, and Crude Protein Contents1
Authors: Kretschmer Albert E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA new technique to increase crude protein levels of pangolagrass was studied. Average crude protein contents of mature pangolagrass were increased from 4.5 to 9.2 and to 12.3% when 45 and 90 pounds of N per acre were applied, respectively, about 4 weeks prior to clipping in January. The amount of increase depended upon the rate of N applied and the amount of grass present when fertilized. The N application had little effect on January grass yields. Different late summer and fall dates and rates of fertilizer, however, markedly affected winter yields but had only slight influence on winter crude protein levels.
Performance of Berseem Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) as a Companion Crop1
Authors: Nelson C. J. , Schmid A. R. , Cuykendall C. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisBerseen clover as a spring‐seeded companion crop was erratic in performance. Some seedings gave good forage yields of clover hay with good establishment of underseeded alfalfa, while annual weeds took over in other seedings. Berseem clover performed better in early spring seedings than in late seedings and better at 20 pounds per acre seeding rate than at 10 or 15 pounds per acre. High temperatures appeared to reduce the growth of clover allowing increased growth of annual weeds. Early spring‐seeded clover harvested for hay at the bud stage contained about 15% crude protein.
Effect of Propazine and Atrazine on Ten Hybrid Grain Sorghums, Sorghum vulgare Pers.1
Authors: Phillips W. M. , Ross W. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTen grain sorghum hybrids were treated in 1961 and 1962 with 3 pounds per acre propazine preemergence, 3 pounds per acre atrazine postemergence, and cultivation. Each year differences among hybrids were significant, but the hybrid × treatment interaction was not significant. Chemically treated plots significantly outyielded cultivated plots in 1961; they bloomed slightly earlier and were slightly taller in 1962.
Soil Moisture Tension: Presentation for Beginning Soil Students1
Authors: Jacobs H. S. , Withee L. V. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA soil moisture tension definition is proposed which can easily be related to the equivalent negative pressure of soil water; capillarity; and soil moisture tension measurements using the tension table, tensiometer, pressure membrane, and centrifuge. Beginning students understand and retain the concept because the definition is simple and because it can be related to many different aspects of soil moisture.
Differences in Rate of Use of Soil Moisture by Stands of Perennial Ryegrass and White Clover1
Authors: Mitchell K. J. , Kerr J. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEvapotranspiration from tall ryegrass was consistently greater than from short ryegrass and tall or short white clover; the rankings of the latter three treatments varied over the spring periods examined. Although requirements for potential transpiration were met, there were considerable differences in the rates of use of soil moisture between the different pasture stands.
Temperature Influence on Anthesis Date in Grain Sorghum, Sorghum vulgare Pers.1
Authors: Fryer H. C. , Pauli A. W. , Stickler F. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDay temperatures above 70° F. during the first 30 days after planting and night temperatures below 60° or above 70° hastened maturity. Night temperatures in the 60's retarded maturity. Total degree hours above 70° during the first 20 days were consistently and significantly related to time to half‐bloom. Predictions of time to half‐bloom based on 20 temperature summation variables were not highly reliable.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest Frequency on Yield and Composition of Panicum maximum Jacq. in Dry Tropics1
Authors: Oakes A. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe response of applied N and harvest interval on yield and composition of guineagrass was determined. Forage yields increased and protein content decreased with length of harvest interval. Applied N increased yields for all harvest intervals. Applied N was utilized largely in production of dry forage as its protein content was not appreciably increased. Grass harvested at 4‐month intervals receiving 300 pounds of N annually produced nearly 11 tons of dry forage. Protein yields were appreciably increased by N fertilizer, although protein content remained unchanged. Season had a marked effect on yield. Its effects were most pronounced on forage yields when harvested at shorter intervals. Lowered yields, depleted stands, and weed encroachment resulted from grass harvested at 2‐month intervals.
Changes in Content of Total Nitrogen and Organic Matter in Three Nebraska Soils After Seven Years of Cropping Treatments1
Authors: Mazurak Andrew P. , Conard Elverne C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGrasses compared with one another differed in their effect on the change in total N content of Brunizem soil at 0‐ to 6‐inch and 6‐ to 12‐inch depths. However, the mean N content of soil cropped to grasses was not different from the mean for small grains. Plots that received ammonium nitrate fertilizer were significantly higher in total N content of soil in the 0‐ to 6‐inch depth than were the nonfertilized plots.Grasses growing on Chernozem soil reduced the total N content in the 0‐ to 6‐inch depth of the soil. The application of N fertilizer minimized the losses or increased the total N content of soil.Application of N fertilizer increased significantly the total N content of the O‐ to 6‐inch depth of Chestnut soil.Cropping to grain on Chestnut and Chernozem soils necessitates the use of N fertilizer to maintain N content level in the soil. The effect of N fertilizer on the total N content of soil was evident in the 0‐ to 6‐inch depth but not in the 6‐ to 12‐inch depth.Total oxidizable organic matter content showed the same results as the total N content in soil. Carbon/ nitrogen ratio of the soil was slightly increased during the 7 years of cropping to cool‐season grasses. Warm‐season grasses decreased C/N ratio in Brunizem soil.
Anatomical and Growth Responses of Primary Corn Roots to Several Fertilizers1
Authors: Isensee A. R. , Berger K. C. , Struckmeyer B. Esther 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects of several fertilizer materials on the growth and anatomy of the primary root of corn were studied. The fertilizers consisted of N, P, and K in all possible combinations. They were applied at the rate of 30 pounds per acre on the elemental basis and were placed 1 and 2 inches below the seed.Roots that contacted the fertilizers exhibited deformities and were shorter than untreated roots, producing an inverse relationship between percent deformity and root length. The most important factor was the fertilizer material. Ammonium nitrate, alone or in other salt combinations, caused the most deformity and shortest roots while P and K alone were least detrimental.The swollen and deformed root tips from 5 treatments, namely N, P, K, N‐P‐K, and the control were selected for detailed anatomical study. All fertilizer salts caused enlargement and deformity of the root tips compared to the control. Most of the enlargement was the result of abnormal swelling (hypertrophy) of the cortical cells, the intensity of which varied from treatment to treatment. The N‐P‐K and the P fertilizers were most injurious, with the latter causing extensive cellular break‐down and necrosis of the meristematic region.
Herbicide Systems for No‐Tillage Corn (Zea mays L.) Following Sod1
Authors: Triplett G. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCorn was grown for 3 years following sod, using herbicides rather than tillage to destroy the vegetation. Several herbicide mixtures and rates were used in these experiments to determine materials and rates necessary to destroy vegetation and eliminate growth of weeds from seed present in the soil without injury to the corn plants. Several herbicide systems were satisfactory. Most of these contained atrazine or simazine for control of perennial grasses and annuals and 2,4‐D or similar herbicides for destruction of broadleaf perennials.
Phosphorus Absorption During Various Growth Stages of Spring Wheat and Intermediate Wheatgrass1
Authors: Boatwright G. O. , Viets F. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSolution cultures were used to study the importance of P absorption during various growth stages of spring wheat and intermediate wheatgrass. Phosphorus was not needed in the solution cultures during all growth phases of the two crops. A supply of P for the first 5 weeks (up to heading for wheat) was adequate to produce maximum dry matter for both species and for maximum grain production of wheat. Maximum root development was achieved when P was supplied for the first 4 weeks of growth.Although plants absorbed only small quantities of P prior to tillering, this amount was important. When P was withheld for the first 2 weeks, tiller and secondary root development was hindered. Yields of wheat and wheatgrass tops and wheat grain were only 80, 59, and 42% of maximum, respectively.Although P uptake occurred after wheat headed, this P was not utilized for dry matter or grain production. Maximum accumulation of P occurred when P was initially withheld, but supplied later until harvest.
Tiller and Leaf Behavior of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) in a Broadcast Planting1
Authors: Taylor T. H. , Templeton W. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe growth and development of a ‘Boone’ orchardgrass sward was observed from sowing in September to 1 year of age. Data were obtained on tiller density, leaf area, dry matter accumulation, rate of leaf appearance and senescence, and carbohydrate food reserves in the stubble.The young plants tillered profusely in autumn, late winter, and early spring. Tillering in early spring was of first, second, and third order. Under seed‐crop conditions viable tiller density declined from an average of 768 per 10 square decimeters (1.08 square feet) on May 1 to 390 by June 15, the time of seed harvest. At certain times the rate of dry matter accumulation was related to leaf‐area index, but at other periods no relationship was apparent. Individual seedling shoots which flowered in the spring developed 15 leaves during their life cycle. Seedling shoots that failed to flower in spring and remained, viable through the summer continued to add leaves to the short stem axis. An average of 22 leaves per shoot was produced in 1 year. Considering all types of shoots, mean interval between appearance of successive leaves on a plant during the growth periods was 11 days. Life span of leaf blades during spring and summer was 28.0 ± 9.1 days. Stubble of seed‐bearing tillers cut June 15 was higher in carbohydrates than that of contemporary nonflowering tillers. Rapid expansion of leaves on nonflowering tillers accounted for most of the early regrowth following a harvest in which jointing tillers were cut below the meristems.
Effect of Soil Properties on the Persistence of Linuron and Diphenamid in Soils1
Authors: Dubey H. D. , Sigafus Roy E. , Freeman J. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInitial and residual toxicity of linuron and diphenamid in 11 soils of Kentucky was studied for 17 months under greenhouse conditions, using a bioassay technique. Correlation of ED50 values for these herbicides with the physical and chemical properties of the soils was determined.Organic matter content showed the highest and most consistent correlation with ED50 values. Exchangeable sodium also showed significant correlation with ED50 but only at certain periods of the study. Amount of clay in the soils was not correlated with ED50 values even though the cation exchange capacity and ED50 were correlated. The kind of clay might have some influence on the results obtained in the study. Organic matter content seemed to play the greatest role in the disappearance of linuron and diphenamid in soils.
Effect of Rice Culture on the Reclamation of Sodic Soils1
Authors: McNeal B. L. , Pearson G. A. , Hatcher J. T. , Bower C. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGreenhouse and laboratory studies were undertaken to examine the effect of rice culture on the reclamation of sodic soils.Rice culture hastened the reclamation of coarse‐textured sodic soils, but did not improve the reclamation efficiency per unit of water leached through the soil. The beneficial effects on coarse‐textured soils were traced to a more rapid removal of entrapped air from the larger conducting pores of the soils during rice culture.After several weeks of rice growth on a mediumtextured soil, the reclamation efficiency per unit of water leached did begin to increase. However, the simultaneous increase in soil hydraulic conductivity suggested that the effect was caused by an increase in the percentage of the cross‐sectional area of the soil that was serviced by conducting pores, rater than by any enhanced solubility of CaCO3 in the presence of CO2 given off by the rice roots.
Principles of Nutrient Uptake from Fertilizer Bands. VII. P32 Uptake by Brace Roots of Maize and Its Distribution Within the Leaves1
Authors: Robertson J. A. , Kang B. T. , Ramirez‐Paz F. , Werkhoven C. H. E. , Ohlrogge A. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe influence on phosphorus uptake of area of roots in the fertilized soil and the rate of fertilization was investigated using aerial brace roots of maize. Either 1 or 2 brace roots were directed into soil containing 0.62 or 3.10 g of phosphorus labeled with P32. The radioactivity of the tip and/or basal portions of all leaves was measured by wrapping one thickness of leaf around a long G–M tube. The distribution of P32 in several leaves was mapped with an end window G–M tube.The P32 accumulation measured by the in‐situ technique was highly correlated with that of the standard briquet method. Phosphorus uptake varied with the rate of fertilization and the number of fed brace roots. The proportion of total phosphorus derived from the fertilizer ranged from 1–37%.The P32 distribution in the leaves depended upon their position relative to the fertilized brace roots. The leaves on the brace root side had higher P32 activity in their tip portions than in their basal portions. This distribution is explained by limited connections between vascular bundles of the stem and the diverging of the leaf veins from the midrib.
Response of Partridge Pea (Cassia fasciculata Michx.) and Korean Lespedeza (Lespedeza stipulacea L.) to Differences in Soil Types, Phosphorus Fertilization, and Plant Populations1
Authors: Foote L. E. , Jackobs J. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe growth rate and yield of plant parts of partridge pea were compared to those of Korean lespedeza on 5 soil types at 2 levels of phosphorus fertilization and at 4 levels of plant population. Partridge pea seemed to be able to tolerate lower soil phosphorus levels, adverse physical soil conditions, and extremely low and high plant populations with less adverse effect on yield. It was also able to respond more to added phosphorus on the soils with adverse physical conditions and low natural levels of available phosphorus. Korean lespedeza responded more to added phosphorus on the soil which naturally had good physical condition and was naturally fertile. Leaf area, per se, was not a factor.
Physical Soil Amendments, Soil Compaction, Irrigation, and Wetting Agents in Turfgrass Management II. Effects on Top Growth, Salinity, and Minerals in the Tissue1
Authors: Valoras N. , Morgan W. C. , Letey J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBetter top growth was observed on soils amended with lignified redwood when the set irrigation program was used. Unamended and lignified redwood amended soils allowed less top growth under tensiometer‐guided irrigation than the peat and calcined clay amended soil. Good growth on lignified redwood which was subjected to considerable leaching was probably caused by the slow continual release of nutrients. Poor growth on the same growth medium when irrigated by tensiometer records was probably caused by high salinity added with the amendment. All of the amendments contributed to the salinity of the resultant soil mix with lignified redwood causing the greatest salinity, peat and calcined clay having less effect. Except for phosphorus, all of the minerals analyzed for in the tops were affected by several of the treatments. Reasons for the differences observed were usually obscure.