bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical papillary lesions after core needle biopsy and subsequent breast carcinoma
Authors: Khamapirad Tuenchit , Andrews Caitlin , Prueksadee Jenjeera , Leonard Morton , Bonoan-Deomampo Louisea , Ahao Qing , Golardi Natalia , Eltorky Mahmoud A. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Background: Papillary lesions of the breast cause diagnostic problem because papillary structures are found in benign and malignant processes. Core needle biopsy is important to make an initial diagnosis, but it still has potential pitfalls. Comparison between core needle biopsy and excisional biopsy can predict the possibility of malignant change in atypical papillary lesions.
Objective: Evaluate the concordance between core needle biopsy and excisional results in atypical papillary lesions of the breast.
Materials and methods: The pathology database of University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA was searched for patients with atypical papillary lesions at core needle biopsy who subsequently underwent surgical excision. Pathology reports from the excisional biopsies was also examined to assign each case to one of three categories, downgrade to benign papilloma, no change (remained atypical papillary lesion), and upgrade to carcinoma. The mammograms and ultrasounds were reviewed for each case. They characterized the lesions according to multiple imaging criteria.
Results: Twenty-four patients with atypical papillomas at core biopsy subsequently underwent surgical excision. The lesions were downgraded to benign papilloma in 25%, remained atypical papillary lesion in 33%, and upgraded to carcinoma in 42%. On mammographic presentations (n = 23), masses were in 61%, architectural distortion in 4.3%, mass with calcifications in 9%, mass with architectural distortion and calcifications in 4.3%, calcifications alone in 17.4%, and architectural distortion and calcifications in 4.3%. On ultrasound findings (n = 21), solid masses were in 90%, intracystic masses in 10%, peripheral in locations in 81%, and subareolar in location in 19%.
Conclusion: Due to the high upgrade rate of atypical papillary lesions to carcinoma (42%), excision of all atypical papillary lesions with wide excision margin is recommended for cases with pathologic diagnosis of atypical papillary lesion on core-needle biopsy.
A Comparison of Adult Witnesses' Suggestibility Across Various Types of Leading Questions
Authors: Sharman Stefanie J. , Powell Martine B. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe current study directly compared witnesses' susceptibility to suggestion across various structures of misleading interview questions. We examined four question structures that varied on numerous dimensions; whether they narrowed the response option to yes or no, whether they included highly specific detail about the witnessed event and whether they presumed the information being suggested to be true. Susceptibility to misinformation was measured by witnesses' responses to the initial interview questions and their responses to subsequent recognition questions. Interview questions that narrowed the response option and contained specific details and questions that encouraged broader responses but presumed certain information were found to be the most harmful. Participants were more likely to agree with the misleading suggestions contained in these question structures—and more likely to falsely report those suggested details at subsequent interview—than misleading suggestions contained in other question structures. The implications are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Puberty, body fat, and breast density in girls of several ethnic groups
Authors: Novotny Rachel , Daida Yihe , Morimoto Yukiko , Shepherd John , Maskarinec Gertraud 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectives:We examined breast density by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in relation to pubertal maturation and body fatness among girls of several ethnic groups, which may suggest important risk factors for future breast cancer.Methods:Recruiting 113 girls from Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, we determined ethnicity, age at menarche, weight, height; body mass index (BMI), BMI Z‐scores, Tanner breast, and pubic hair pubertal stages (and classified stages for synchrony, thelarche or adrenarche). DXA scans of the whole body provided percent total and segmental body fat; and separate (specially calibrated) breast scans provided breast tissue, total area, and volume (from manual delineation); absolute and percent fibroglandular volume (%FGV, or breast density) were computed. Statistical analysis included correlation, chi‐square tests, ANOVA, and stepwise regression.Results:Twenty‐six percent of girls were overweight or obese. Higher BMI was associated with greater breast area, breast volume, FGV, and with lower breast density (P < 0.0001). Breast area, breast volume, and FGV were positively associated with Tanner breast stage (P < 0.001). Breast density increased until Tanner breast Stage 4 but was lower in Stage 5 (P = 0.03). Pubertal thelarche was associated with lower breast density, compared to synchrony or adrenarche (P = 0.03). Girls with higher BMI (P = 0.02), and Asian girls (compared to White, P = 0.04) were more likely to have pubertal thelarche. Determinants of breast density were, in (stepwise regression) order, percent body fat, achieved menarche, BMI Z‐score, Tanner breast stage (non‐linear), and “Other” ethnicity.Conclusions:Female adolescent breast density was negatively associated with body fatness and positively associated with menarche. Am.J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of CHRNA4 polymorphisms with smoking behavior in two populations
Authors: Han Shizhong , Yang Bao‐Zhu , Kranzler Henry R. , Oslin David , Anton Raymond , Gelernter Joel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCHRNA4, the gene that encodes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α4 subunit, is a potential candidate gene for nicotine dependence (ND). However, studies of the association of CHNRA4 with smoking behavior have shown inconsistent results. Our meta‐analysis of linkage studies of smoking behavior identified a genome‐wide significant linkage of the phenotype maximum number of cigarettes smoked in a 24‐hour period to a region (20q13.12‐q13.32) harboring CHRNA4. This motivated us to examine the association of CHRNA4 with smoking behavior in two independent samples. In this study, we examined five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within CHRNA4 and three smoking‐related behaviors: one quantitative trait [cigarettes smoked per day (CPD)], and two binary traits [DSM‐IV diagnosis of ND and dichotomized Fagerstrom test of ND (FTND)], in 1,249 unrelated European‐Americans (EAs) and 1,790 unrelated African‐Americans (AAs). Using the combined sample with sex, age, and race as covariates, the synonymous SNP rs1044394 was significantly associated with ND (P = 0.001) and FTND (P = 0.01). Rs2236196, which has a low correlation with rs1044394, was also significantly associated with CPD (P = 0.003). The pattern of association for these SNPs was similar in AAs and EAs. After correction for multiple testing, the association between rs1044394 and ND in the combined sample remained significant (P = 0.033). In summary, our study supports association between CHRNA4 common variation and ND in AA and EA samples. Additional studies will be necessary to evaluate the role of rare variants at CHRNA4 for ND. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurovascular coupling is impaired in slow walkers: The MOBILIZE Boston Study
Authors: Sorond Farzaneh A. , Kiely Dan K. , Galica Andrew , Moscufo Nicola , Serrador Jorge M. , Iloputaife Ike , Egorova Svetlana , Dell'Oglio Elisa , Meier Dominik S. , Newton Elizabeth , Milberg William P. , Guttmann Charles R. G. , Lipsitz Lewis A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective:Neurovascular coupling may be involved in compensatory mechanisms responsible for preservation of gait speed in elderly people with cerebrovascular disease. Our study examines the association between neurovascular coupling in the middle cerebral artery and gait speed in elderly individuals with impaired cerebral vasoreactivity.Methods:Twenty‐two fast and 20 slow walkers in the lowest quartile of cerebral vasoreactivity were recruited from the MOBILIZE Boston Study. Neurovascular coupling was assessed in bilateral middle cerebral arteries by measuring cerebral blood flow during the N‐Back task. Cerebral white matter hyperintensities were measured for each group using magnetic resonance imaging.Results:Neurovascular coupling was attenuated in slow compared to fast walkers (2.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.9 to 6.6 vs 8.2%; 95% CI, 4.7–11.8; p = 0.02). The odds ratio of being a slow walker was 6.4 (95% CI, 1.7–24.9; p = 0.007) if there was a high burden of white matter hyperintensity; however, this risk increased to 14.5 (95% CI, 2.3–91.1; p = 0.004) if neurovascular coupling was also attenuated.Interpretation:Our results suggest that intact neurovascular coupling may help preserve mobility in elderly people with cerebral microvascular disease. Ann Neurol 2011;
Cholesterol biosensors based on oxygen sensing alginate‐silica microspheres
Authors: Prasad Janak , Joshi Abhijeet , Jayant Rahul Dev , Srivastava Rohit 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCholesterol determination in body is important in diagnosis of diseases like coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, and obstructive jaundice. This research aims at developing fluorimetric cholesterol biosensors based on self‐assembled mesoporous alginate‐silica (Algilica) microspheres. For preparing the biosensor, Pt‐(II)‐octaethylporphine (PtOEP; oxygen sensitive metalloporphyrin) dye has been loaded in the Algilica microspheres using the solvent‐mediated precipitation method. Cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) was then covalently conjugated to PtOEP/Algilica microspheres using EDC and NHS reagents. PtOEP dye and enzyme encapsulation, activity and stability were then analyzed. Layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly was finally performed using PAH and PSS polyelectrolytes to minimize leaching of the biosensor components. The prepared biosensor exhibited linearity over a range of 0.77–2.5 mM O2(KSV: 0.097/mM of O2) obtained using from Stern–Volmer plots. The biosensor response to standard cholesterol displayed a linear analytical range from 1.25 to 10 mM of cholesterol with regression coefficient of 0.996 (1.25–3.75 mM), 0.976 (1.25–6 mM), and 0.959 (1.25–10 mM) and response time of 10 min. Thus, the prepared cholesterol biosensor shows great potential in the diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108:2011–2021. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of oxic and anoxic conditions on nitrous oxide emissions from nitrification and denitrification processes
Authors: Rassamee Varit , Sattayatewa Chakkrid , Pagilla Krishna , Chandran Kartik 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA lab‐scale sequencing batch reactor fed with real municipal wastewater was used to study nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from simulated wastewater treatment processes. The experiments were performed under four different controlled conditions as follows: (1) fully aerobic, (2) anoxic–aerobic with high dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, (3) anoxic–aerobic with low DO concentration, and 4) intermittent aeration. The results indicated that N2O production can occur from both incomplete nitrification and incomplete denitrification. N2O production from denitrification was observed in both aerobic and anoxic phases. However, N2O production from aerobic conditions occurred only when both low DO concentrations and high nitrite concentration existed simultaneously. The magnitude of N2O produced via anoxic denitrification was lower than via oxic denitrification and required the presence of nitrite. Changes in DO, ammonium, and nitrite concentrations influenced the magnitude of N2O production through denitrification. The results also suggested that N2O can be produced from incomplete denitrification and then released to the atmosphere during aeration phase due to air stripping. Therefore, biological nitrogen removal systems should be optimized to promote complete nitrification and denitrification to minimize N2O emissions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108:2036–2045. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and analysis of an instrument to assess student understanding of foundational concepts before biochemistry coursework*
Authors: Villafañe Sachel M. , Bailey Cheryl P. , Loertscher Jennifer , Minderhout Vicky , Lewis Jennifer E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBiochemistry is a challenging subject because student learning depends on the application of previously learned concepts from general chemistry and biology to new, biological contexts. This article describes the development of a multiple‐choice instrument intended to measure five concepts from general chemistry and three from biology that are considered prerequisite for biochemistry learning. This instrument is specifically designed with a factor structure that includes three multiple‐choice items for each of the eight concepts and the most common incorrect ideas that students could have as distractors. It can be used as a pretest to identify students' incorrect ideas about those concepts and to determine if instruction helps students overcome those incorrect ideas when used as a posttest. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis support a very good fit for an eight‐factor solution. This manuscript represents a report on the current state of instrument development. We seek to share our methods and instrument design principles with the broader community. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 102–109, 2011
Eukaryotic cell panorama
Authors: Goodsell David S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDiverse biological data may be used to create illustrations of molecules in their cellular context. This report describes the scientific results that support an illustration of a eukaryotic cell, enlarged by one million times to show the distribution and arrangement of macromolecules. The panoramic cross section includes eight panels that extend from the nucleus to the cell surface, showing the process of protein synthesis and export. Results from biochemistry, electron microscopy, NMR spectroscopy and x‐ray crystallography were used to create the image. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 91–101, 2011
Countering negative country of origin effects using imagery processing
Authors: Martin Brett A.S. , Lee Michael Shyue Wai , Lacey Charlotte 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA favorable product country of origin (e.g., an automobile made in Germany) is often considered an asset by marketers. Yet a challenge in today's competitive environment is how marketers of products from less favorably regarded countries can counter negative country of origin perceptions. Three studies investigate how mental imagery can be used to reduce the effects of negative country of origin stereotypes. Study 1 reveals that participants exposed to country of origin information exhibit automatic stereotype activation. Study 2 shows that self‐focused counterstereotypical mental imagery (relative to other‐focused mental imagery) significantly inhibits the automatic activation of negative country of origin stereotypes. Study 3 shows that this lessening of automatic negative associations persists when measured one day later. The results offer important implications for marketing theory and practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitro Compounds Using TiO2 Photocatalyst by UV and Vis Dye‐sensitized Systems
Authors: Chen Shifu , Zhang Huaye , Yu Xiaoling , Liu Wei 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNitro‐aromatic compounds can be photocatalytically reduced into the corresponding amine‐aromatic compounds using TiO2 as a photocatalyst in the UV/TiO2/holes scavenger and Vis/TiO2/dye‐sensitized systems. In the UV/TiO2/holes scavenger system, reaction substrate alcohols such as methanol could be used as the holes scavengers, and in the Vis/TiO2/dye‐sensitized system, substrate alcohols could be oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes with high selectivity. When methanol was used as the holes scavengers and the illumination time was 6 h, 87.2% of p‐nitrotoluene could be photocatalytically reduced into p‐toluidine. In the Vis/TiO2/dye‐sensitized system, the effect of aromatic alcohols for the photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene was better than that of other alcohols. At the same time, aromatic alcohols can be easily oxidized, and the production efficiencies of the corresponding aldehydes were higher than those of other alcohols. The possible reaction mechanisms were also proposed.
Interaction of Caffeine with Bovine Serum Albumin: Determination of Binding Constants and the Binding Site by Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Wu Qiong , Jiang Fenglei , Li Chaohong , Hu Yanjun , Liu Yi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe interaction of caffeine with bovine serum albumin (BSA) under physiological condition was investigated by fluorescence, UV‐vis absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Fluorescence data revealed that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by caffeine was a result of the formation of BSA‐caffeine complex. The binding constants Ka at different temperatures and corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔG and ΔS were calculated. The spectroscopic measurements and the thermodynamic parameters suggested that van der Waals interaction and hydrogen bonds were the predominant intermolecular forces to stabilize the complex. The conformational change of BSA induced by caffeine has been analyzed by means of CD and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, it is observed from the probe of competitive experiments that the binding location of caffeine with BSA could be the same as warfarin binding site I of BSA, which was also revealed by fluorescence anisotropy.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectroscopy of NH4 [Co(NH3)5 (H2O)][B4O5 (OH)4]2·6H2O
Authors: Lin Dan , You Xiaoyan , Zhu Lixia , Xiao Qin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel hydrated cobalt tetraborate complex NH4[Co(NH3)5(H2O)][B4O5(OH)4]2·6H2O, was synthesized by the reaction of NH4‐borate aqueous with CoCl2 and its structure was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The crystal system of this complex is orthorhombic, the space group is Pnma, and the unit cell parameters are a=1.2901(2) nm, b=1.6817(3) nm, c=1.1368(2) nm, α=β=γ=90°, V=2.4742(8) nm3, and Z=4. This compound contains infinite borate layers constructed from [B4O5(OH)4]2− units via hydrogen bonds. The adjacent polyborate anion layers are further linked together with the octahedral [Co(NH3)5(H2O)]3+ groups through hydrogen bonds to form 3D framework. The groups and guest water molecules are deposited in the empty space of this framework and interact with the layers by extensive hydrogen bonds. Infrared and Raman spectra (4000–400 cm−1) of NH4[Co(NH3)5(H2O)][B4O5(OH)4]2·6H2O were recorded at room temperature and analyzed. Fundamental vibrational modes were identified and band assignments were made. The middle band observed at 575 cm−1 in Raman spectrum is the pulse vibration of [B4O5(OH)4]2−.
First Total Synthesis of (±)‐Puyanin and (±)‐4′‐O‐Methylbonannione
Authors: Zhang Yuheng , Yang Jinhui , Li Hongjun , Jiang Shizhi , Li Yunfeng , Liu Wanyi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA facile approach for the first total synthesis of two naturally occurring geranylated flavonoids, (±)‐puyanin (1) and (±)‐4′‐O‐methylbonannione (2) has been obtained with total yields of 27% and 17.8%, respectively. The key steps were regioselective cyclization of geranylated trihydroxychalcone and regioselective geranylation of 2,4,6‐trihydroxyacetophenone.
Magnetically Separable and Versatile Pd/Fe3O4 Catalyst for Efficient Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction and Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes
Authors: Zhang Rongzhao , Liu Jianming , Li Fuwei , Wu Shoufeng , Xia Chungu , Sun Wei 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticle‐supported Pd/Fe3O4 was readily prepared and proved to be versatile catalyst for efficient Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction, and the reduction of nitroarenes under mild conditions (balloon H2 pressure and room temperature). The catalyst could be conveniently recovered and reused several times with sustained catalytic activity.
Detection of Phthalate Esters in Environmental Water Samples –Comparison of Nylon6 Nanofibers Mat‐based Solid Phase Extraction and Other Conventional Extraction Methods
Authors: Xu Qian , Yin Xueyan , Shen Yanyan , Zhang Niping , Wang Min , Gu Zhongze 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this article, a new method for simultaneous determination of six phthalate esters was developed by a combination of electrospun nylon6 nanofibers mat‐based solid phase extraction with high performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detector (HPLC‐UV). The six phthalate esters were dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di‐n‐butyl phthalate (DBP), di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP). Under optimized conditions, all target analytes in 50 mL environmental water samples could be completely extracted by 2.5 mg nylon6 nanofibers mat and eluted by 100 µL solvent. Compared with C18 cartridges solid phase extraction, C18 disks solid phase extraction and national standard method (China), nylon6 nanofibers mat‐based solid phase extraction was advantageous in aspects of simple and fast operation, low consumption of extraction materials and organic solvents. The four methods were applied to analysis of environment water samples. All the results indicated that the determination values of target compounds with the proposed method were consistent with C18 cartridges and C18 disks solid phase extraction method, and the new method was better than the national standard method in aspects of recovery, LOD and precision. Therefore, nylon6 nanofibers mat has great potential as a novel material for solid phase extraction.
Post‐transplant Burkitt lymphoma is a more aggressive and distinct form of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
Authors: Picarsic Jennifer , Jaffe Ronald , Mazariegos George , Webber Steve A. , Ellis Demetrius , Green Michael D. , Reyes‐Múgica Miguel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although the literature reports a low incidence of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) as a post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), this entity appears to be different from other monomorphic PTLDs (M‐PTLDs), both in its aggressive clinical presentation and its distinct pathologic profile.METHODS:Patients with BL, diagnosed in the post‐transplant setting, (patients aged ≤18 years) were retrieved from the pathology archives at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 1982 to 2010. Clinical outcomes were obtained along with pathologic review.RESULTS:Twelve patients with pediatric BL in the post‐transplant setting (9 boys, 3 girls) were retrieved. The patients displayed a monomorphic population of small to intermediate‐sized, noncleaved, lymphoid elements with a “starry‐sky” pattern. The immunophenotype for patients available to the study was CD20+ (n = 9/10), CD10+ (n = 8/8), bcl‐6+ (n = 11/11), with a near 100% Ki‐67/MIB‐1 proliferation index (n = 7/7), and negative for TdT (n = 7/7). Most pretransplant Epstein‐Barr virus titers were negative (n = 8/10), with post‐transplant titers positive in all tested patients (n = 11), and with positive Epstein‐Barr–encoded RNA in situ hybridization in most cases (n = 9/11). The median time from transplantation to diagnosis was 52 months (range, 6‐107 months). Nine patients were currently alive after immediate antineoplastic chemotherapy, with median disease‐free time of 93 months from diagnosis (range, 2‐199 months).CONCLUSIONS:BL‐PTLD had a higher Epstein‐Barr virus incidence compared with sporadic and immunodeficiency‐associated BL and represented a distinct monomorphic PTLD. Although some M‐PTLDs can be managed less aggressively with decreased immunosuppression alone, immediate lymphoma‐specific chemotherapy was associated with a favorable outcome and was strongly recommended. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.