bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0158 Nighttime Snacking and Sleep: Comparing Commercially-Available Snacks Consumed Before Bed
Authors: Folkson Sean , Broch Lauren , Tubbs Andrew , Grandner Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Most Americans snack at night, though caloric consumption and consumption of certain nutrients and ingredients at night can contribute to sleep disruption and cardiometabolic disease risk. Chips, cookies, ice cream and candy are the most popular snacks consumed before bed. Perhaps certain snacks at night can minimize risks to sleep and cardiometabolic health due to nutritional profile, ingredient composition, and other factors.

Methods
Seventy-seven adults completed a 5-week open-label crossover study. They consumed the same snack each night for 3 days, then had a 4-day washout before switching to the next product. Product order was randomized and included NightFood ice cream (NF; product of interest), Halo Top ice cream (HT; “healthy” comparator), Ben & Jerry’s ice cream (B&J; “indulgent” comparator), Lay’s potato chips (LAYS; non-ice cream comparator), and no snack. Participants completed daily ratings (3-day mean) for daytime energy, evening cravings, nighttime relaxation, feelings of satisfaction, bloating/discomfort, difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep, feeling refreshed, and sleep continuity (sleep latency, wake after sleep onset, awakenings). Linear mixed models were adjusted for order.

Results
B&J was associated with lower daytime energy vs no snack. B&J and NF were associated with more relaxation at night vs LAYS. All three ice-creams were more satisfying vs LAYS post-snack, but NF and B&J were much more satisfying than HT, and not different from each other. HT and NF were rated lower on bloating/discomfort than LAYS, while B&J was rated much higher. Individuals went to bed earlier if they ate LAYS (~40 minutes), or NF (~25 minutes) vs no snack. Compared to no snack, individuals who ate NF were less likely to report difficulty initiating sleep or returning to sleep, greater sleep quality, and greater feelings of rest and energy the next morning. Conversely, individuals who ate B&J had worse sleep quality and energy the next morning.

Conclusion
Snacks formulated to satisfy cravings while minimizing sleep disruption and including ingredients that may support sleep may be a preferable option for individuals who choose to snack at night. Future work is needed to better understand how to minimize risks and potential adverse impacts of nighttime snacking.

Support (if any)
NightFood
0159 Age as a Moderator for the Relationship Between Exercise Before Bed and Daytime Sleepiness
Authors: Mastin David , Bryson W , Moore Bruce , Peszka Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
It is axiomatic that sleep and exercise are important for good health. However, in the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), we suggest exercise within one hour of bedtime is a sleep-related behavior to avoid. More recently, in a systematic review no support was found for evening exercise negatively affecting sleep. Here, we examine age as a moderator for the relationship between sleep and sleep outcomes to reconcile these findings.

Methods
Data were gathered from 10 previous studies from our laboratory administering the SHI and at least one sleepiness measure (Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and/or the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Participants included primarily college students but also non-college student populations (faculty/staff, alumni, parents, and local community members). This sample included 1668 18-23 year-olds, 219 24-39 year-olds, and 199 40-85 year-olds. Participation was incentivized with bonus points or opportunities to win gift cards. Focus here was on the SHI exercise question (“I exercise to the point of sweating within 1 h of going to bed”) answered on a 5-point scale (1=never to 5=always).

Results
Intense exercise within one hour of bed was not common (18-23 year-olds, M=1.58; 24-39 year-olds, M=1.48; 40-85 year-olds, M=1.36). The correlation between exercise and sleepiness measures was quite small (ESS, r(1570)=0.094; PSQI-Global, r(1526)=0.027, and PSQI-Daytime Dysfunction, r(1557)=-0.045). However, the relationship between exercise and sleepiness was significantly moderated by age (b=.935, t(1462)=3.55, p&lt;.001). Although there was no significant relationship for the youngest participants between exercise and sleepiness, a significant small (β=0.09) positive relationship for the middle age group (b=.412, z=3.66, p&lt;.001) and a small to medium (β=0.19) positive relationship for the oldest participants (b=.819, z=5.02, p&lt;.001) existed.

Conclusion
These findings suggest age moderates the relationship between exercise close to bed and sleep outcomes. Although resiliency may protect the young, middle aged and older adults are likely to be vulnerable to pre-sleep exercise. We found although exercise close to bed did not predict sleepiness in younger participants, for older participants the negative effect of exercise close to bed was apparent and increased with age. Clinically, age may be an important variable to consider when advising against exercise before bed.

Support (if any)
0160 Resistance Exercise in the Luteal Phase Promotes Heat Loss and Increases Delta Power During Nocturnal Sleep
Authors: Fushimi Momo , Iijima Ryusei , Kiyama Mizuki , Kubokawa Himeka , Sugawara Konomi , Takakura Mariko , Noguchi Shiori , Aritake-Okada Sayaka 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Fluctuation in body temperature rhythm are associated with the menstrual cycle and closely relate to sleep. In particular, during the luteal (high temperature) phase (LP), sleep quality during nocturnal sleep decreases and daytime sleepiness increases. Menstrual cycle-related sleep disturbance can negatively impact a woman’s social life. In this study, we investigated the effect of exercise on body temperature, heat loss, nighttime sleep, delta power, and subjective evaluation during the follicular phase (FP) and LP in young-adult women.

Methods
Twelve young-adult females participated in the experiment for a total of 4 days over the course of their menstrual cycle: 1) FP non-exercise condition, 2) FP exercise condition, 3) LP non-exercise condition, and 4) LP-exercise condition. Exercise consisted of 40 minutes of resistance exercise training (RT) at 70% one repetition maximum during the day. Electroencephalography (EEG), electro-oculography, chin surface electromyography, skin temperature, and tympanic temperature were measured simultaneously at the subject’s home overnight, and distal-proximal-skin-temperature-gradient was calculated. Sleep EEG data were scored for 30 s epoch periods according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Scoring Manual by a registered polysomnographic technologist. Power spectral analysis using the fast Fourier transform (FFT)algorithm was conducted. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Saitama Prefectural University.

Results
RT promoted heat loss and increased stage N3 sleep during nocturnal sleep in both the FP and LP. When the distribution of stage N3 duration and delta-power in the sleep period was analyzed, stage N3 sleep and delta power persistence occurred in the second half of the nocturnal sleep period, especially in the LP-exercise condition. The heat loss was also higher and coincided with the increase of delta power in the LP-exercise condition.

Conclusion
RT promoted heat loss, slow wave sleep, and delta power also in the latter half of the nocturnal sleep in the LP, when body temperature is higher and heat loss are disrupted. Encouraging RT during the LP may help women to overcome sleep disturbance associated with this phase of the menstrual cycle.

Support (if any)
0161 Preliminary Findings on the Moderating Effects of Exercise on Tobacco Use and Sleep
Authors: L’Houtellier Nina , Nechyba Ashley , Montalvo Jessica , Elvariste Stessie , Oliveira Bruno , Blanc Judite , Seixas Azizi , Moise Rhoda , Jean-Louis Girardin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
It is widely understood that the use of tobacco has negative effects on several health outcomes such as sleep disturbances. With all the readily available information concerning these negative factors, there is still a significant use of tobacco amount Black and African American individuals in the United States. This study aims to find any correlation between sleep, exercise, and tobacco use amongst this population.

Methods
A comprehensive statistical analysis was performed using the combined data of both MOSAIC (n=267) and ESSENTIAL’s (n=476) data. These are NIH funded studies that are currently active and being conducted. These studies comprised only of Black or African American (n=221 Male; n=424 Female) individuals living in South Florida or New York. Among the 743 participants, 207 reported having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their life vs non- smokers (n=404). Participants in both the MOSAIC and ESSENTIAL study followed similar procedures. A self-reported baseline survey in Phase 1 consisting of several assessments such as: The Holmes-Rahe Stress score(SS), Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS), Sleep Disturbances (SD), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Assessment of Sleep Environment (ASE) were used for these findings. Phase 2 consisted of wearing several sleep devices for a 7-day period. Of these devices we utilized the objective data found in the Fitbit activity counter for steps taken.

Results
Of the 743 participants significant t-test values were observed across previously mentioned parameters. With significant findings across the mean scores of the following variables; SS (t=-8.408 , df= 741, p&lt;.001), EDS(t=-18.642, df=741, p&lt;.001), SD(t=-5.644, df=741, p&lt;.001), ISI (t=-11.899, df=741, p&lt;.001), ASE (t=-42.931, df=741, p&lt;.001), and Fitbit Steps (t=-.922,df=232, p=.040). No significant or strong associations were found in a regression linear analysis between steps, ISI, and tobacco use.

Conclusion
Differences in mean scores were found to be significant amongst these variables. Although these results were significant, future research is necessary to find if exercise may have a moderating effect on tobacco use and sleep.

Support (if any)
NIH R01HL142066 R01AG067523
0163 Longitudinal Assessment of Objective Sleep and Power Output During Fall Training in Division I Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Bigalke Jeremy , Lee Katherine , Bigalke Jennifer , Scullin Michael , Gallucci Andrew , Carter Jason 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Cross-sectional analyses have linked poor sleep to impaired athletic performance. While acute sleep restriction impairs athletic performance, longitudinal investigation of intraindividual sleep and performance variations over time have been sparsely assessed. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between objective habitual sleep and peak power output variations over fall training in Division I collegiate baseball players. We hypothesized that greater total sleep time (TST) and better sleep efficiency (SE) among athletes would be associated with greater improvements in peak power output throughout fall training.

Methods
Twenty-three healthy college baseball players (age: 21±1 years) participated during fall training. Peak power output was assessed weekly for twelve weeks. During the final six weeks of the fall season, all participants were asked to wear Oura rings to objectively determine daily TST and SE within each athlete. The slope of change in peak power output (Pslope) across fall training was compared to objective sleep outcomes. To assess the impact of intraindividual consistency in achieving adequate sleep, Pslope was also compared to the proportion of nights in which TST met or exceeded 7 hours, and the proportion of nights which sleep efficiency met or exceeded 90% within each participant.

Results
Over the 6-wk sleep assessment, participants had a TST of 7.3±1 hours per night and a SE of 89±2%. TST (r=0.398, p=0.067) and SE (r=0.356, p=0.096), demonstrated medium-sized associations with Pslope. The proportion of nights during which TST met or exceeded 7 hours showed a pronounced association with Pslope (r=0.525, p=0.010). Similarly, the proportion of nights during which SE met or exceeded 90% was significantly associated with Pslope (r=0.471, p=0.023). Lastly, the number of nocturnal awakenings was inversely correlated with Pslope (r=-0.468, p=0.024).

Conclusion
Sleep quantity, quality, and consistency during the collegiate baseball fall training showed medium to large associations with improvements in peak power. Further research is needed to establish a causative, mechanistic relationship between sleep and associations with training performance outcomes.

Support (if any)
0167 Benefits of Daytime Napping
Authors: Qaisar Muhammad , Khan Faiza , Sanchez Sybert , Gonzales Victor , Khan Muhammad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The topic of workplace siestas has sparked a conversation with valuable findings emerging about job performance and employee well being. In this IRB approved investigation and statistical analysis, our goal was to assess the benefits of taking a midday nap on cognitive efficiency.

Methods
-Accrual study group target was 39 internal medicine residents (PGY1, PGY2, PGY3). Enrolled and consented residents totaled 15. PGY1 residents were picked at random from in-patient rotation. If no PGY1 residents were available, then PGY2 and PGY3 residents were selected. -Control study group included eligible residents not napping but took the vigilance test before and after the noon conference. -Exclusions criteria- age &gt;55 years, sleep disorders, and currently on stimulators or sedatives. -Naps took place between 12 to 1 PM from October 16th to December 15th. -Each resident took a pre-nap sleep vigilance test, napped for 25 minutes, walked for 7 minutes, took a post-nap sleep vigilance test, and filled out a survey.

Results
Key findings: -A total of 37 napping encounters from 11 participants. -A total of 16 non-napping encounters from 11 participants. -Post-nap, 81% of the residents improved (average improvement- 7.4%) and 19% worsened (average decline in performance- 5.7%). -Post-nap, self reported outcomes: less than 5 residents felt more tired, one experienced a headache, and one reported irritability. -Self reported assessment: 49% napped and 51% were unable to nap. -Control group: 93% showed worsened vigilance scores (average- 15%); 7% improved (average 16%). Limitations: -Limited to mostly PGY1 residents during in-patient within 2 months. -Study relied on residents volunteering. -A large portion of the residents did not participate in the study at times. -Unable to perform an actual sleep study (polysomnography) and get more accurate measurements. Future direction: -There needs to be a more in-depth study, involving several different residency programs and more accurate and reliable results. -Use motivational techniques to get more volunteers. -Allowing residents to nap periodically.

Conclusion
-Overall, most residents who took a 25-minute nap improved on the vigilance test. -Better efficiency can translate into better patient care and less mistakes. -Residents would benefit from a daytime nap.

Support (if any)
0168 Effect of Environmental Noise on Sleep Architecture Among Black Adults
Authors: Coppello Matthew , Locklear Clarence , Oliveira Bruno , Rogers April , Seixas Azizi , Jean-Louis Girardin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sound is among the plethora of external stimuli impacting sleep. Previous research shows that noises above 45 dB disrupts normal human sleep architecture. High noise results in an increased duration of light sleep stages (NREM 1 and NREM 2) and a decrease in deeper stages (NREM 3 and REM). However, these findings are from studies that assessed the acute impact of noise on sleep. Additionally, the populations used in these studies were not racially diverse. Researching sleep in these populations is vital as sleep health disparities are prevalent in minoritized racial/ethnic groups in the United States. The objective of this study is to identify how long-term exposure to environmental noise at the neighborhood level alters sleep structure in Black adults.

Methods
Black adults (N = 101, 71.3% female, aged 37.9±13.2 years) were observed for a total of 573 night's sleep. Sleep parameters were gathered using the SleepImage® ring. This device divides sleep into three categories based on cardiopulmonary coupling: unstable sleep, stable sleep, and REM sleep. Unstable sleep is defined as including all of NREM 1 and parts of NREM 2, while stable sleep encompasses the rest of NREM 2 and all of NREM 3. Environmental noise was determined via HowLoud, a website which assigns a sound score to an address based on a combination of vehicle traffic, air transport, and other local factors. A linear regression was performed to examine how sound score impacts on sleep structure.

Results
Results of the regression analysis showed that sound score was significantly associated with percent unstable sleep in Black adults (F(1,99) = 4.67, p = 0.0332). This indicates that sound score is associated with a decreased percent unstable sleep (β1 = -0.463).

Conclusion
Greater levels of environmental noise are associated with an increased amount of unstable sleep among Blacks. These results suggest that quieter nights may lead to deeper and more restorative sleep. This is consistent with previous studies, supporting the notion that this biological mechanism is universally relevant. Finally, this study elucidates the detrimental effects of chronic noise pollution and highlights the importance of one's neighborhood on sleep health.

Support (if any)
NIH R01HL142066
0171 EEG Markers from Routine Sleep Discriminate Individuals Who Are Vulnerable or Resilient to Sleep Loss
Authors: Subramaniyan Mannivannan , Vital-Lopez Francisco , Hughes John , Doty Tracy , Reifman Jaques 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep loss is widespread among civilians and military personnel, and is often unavoidable due to family or work obligations. Although sleep loss impairs cognition, individuals differ in the extent of these impairments. Identifying these phenotypical variations between individuals offers the opportunity to assign individuals who are resilient to sleep loss to tasks that require sustained vigilance, and to provide sleep-loss countermeasures to individuals who are more vulnerable. Current methods to identify an individual’s phenotypical response to sleep deprivation require time-consuming sleep-loss challenges. Here, we sought a more practical approach to label individuals as resilient or vulnerable to sleep loss by identifying electroencephalographic (EEG) markers obtained from routine night sleep.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed four studies in which 49 healthy young adults (18 women) completed a laboratory baseline-sleep phase followed by a sleep-loss challenge. After classifying subjects as resilient or vulnerable to sleep loss based on psychomotor vigilance test performance, we extracted three EEG features from four channels during the baseline nights, evaluated the discriminatory power of these features using the first two studies (discovery), and assessed reproducibility of the results using the remaining two studies (reproducibility).

Results
In the discovery analysis, we found that, compared to resilient subjects, vulnerable subjects exhibited 1) higher slow wave activity (SWA) power in channels O1, O2, and C3; 2) higher SWA rise rate in channels O1 and O2; and 3) lower sleep spindle frequency in channel C4. Our reproducibility analysis confirmed the discovery results on SWA power and SWA rise rate, and for all three EEG features we observed consistent group-difference trends across all four channels in both analyses.

Conclusion
The higher SWA power and SWA rise rate in vulnerable individuals suggest that they have a higher accumulated sleep pressure under normal rested conditions, and allowed us to identify individuals who are resilient or vulnerable to sleep loss.

Support (if any)
This work was sponsored by the Military Operational Medicine Program Area Directorate of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (USAMRDC), Fort Detrick, MD. The Henry M. Jackson Foundation was supported by the USAMRDC under Contract No. W81XWH20C0031.
0174 Using Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid to Target Inflammation in Response to Experimental Sleep Restriction in Humans
Authors: Engert Larissa , Ledderose Carola , Biniamin Careen , Birriel Paola , Buraks Olivia , Chatterton Bryan , Dang Rammy , Daniel Surya , Eske Annika , Reed Taylor , Tang Ava , Bertisch Suzanne , Mullington Janet , Junger Wolfgang , Haack Monika 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep deficiencies, such as manifested in short sleep duration or insomnia symptoms, are known to increase the risk for multiple chronic diseases. Inflammation is considered a mechanism through which deficient sleep acts as risk factor for these diseases. Thus, mitigating inflammation might be a potential way to diminish negative health consequences related to sleep deficiency. To investigate a pharmacological approach for this, we used low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin), known for its counter-inflammatory actions including the cyclooxygenase (COX)-, NF-kB-, and resolution-pathways. Our aim was to investigate whether low-dose ASA can blunt the pro-inflammatory response to experimental sleep restriction.

Methods
46 healthy adults (19F/27M, 19-63 years) participated in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial with 3 protocols each consisting of a 14-day at-home phase followed by an 11-day (10-night) in-hospital stay (sleep restriction/ASA, sleep restriction/placebo, control sleep/placebo). In the sleep restriction/ASA condition, participants took low-dose ASA (81 mg/day) during the at-home phase and in-hospital stay. Each in-hospital stay started with 2 nights of 8h-sleep opportunity. Then, under the sleep restriction conditions, participants were exposed to 5 nights of 4h-sleep opportunity, followed by 3 nights of recovery sleep (8h/night). The control sleep condition provided 8h-sleep opportunity throughout the in-hospital stay. Sleep and immunologic/hematologic measures were assessed at baseline, after the 5th night of sleep restriction/control sleep, and after the 2nd night of recovery sleep. Generalized linear mixed models were used for analysis.

Results
Administration of low-dose ASA reduced interleukin (IL)-6 expression (p&lt;.05 for condition*day) and COX-1/COX-2 double positive cells in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes (p&lt;.05 for condition) as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels (p&lt;.01 for condition) in the sleep restriction condition compared to placebo. Baseline comparisons revealed no differences between conditions (p&gt;.05 for condition).

Conclusion
The results show that preemptive administration of low-dose ASA can reduce pro-inflammatory responses to experimental sleep restriction in humans. These findings may open new therapeutic approaches to prevent or control inflammation and its consequences in those experiencing periods of sleep deficiency.

Support (if any)
NIH/NHLBI R01-HL136310; NIH/NCRR UL1-RR02758, M01-RR01032; German Research Foundation (DFG) EN1291/1-1; SRSF Career Development Award.