bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF SALINE INFUSION TEST AND CAPTOPRIL CHALLENGE TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
Authors: Sun Kaiwen , Gong Minghui , Yu Yang , Yang Minghui , Zhang Ying , Jiang Yinong , Song Wei 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To explore the diagnostic accuracy and the optimal cut-off value between the saline infusion test (SIT) and captopril challenge test (CCT) (including the value and suppression of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC)) for PA diagnosing.

Design and method:
A total of 318 patients with hypertension were consecutive enrolled including 126 patients with PA and 192 patients with essential hypertension (EH). The characteristics of patients and laboratory examinations were collected and compared. The comparison between SIT and CCT was carried by drawing receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) and calculating area under the curve (AUC) to explore the diagnostic accuracy and the optimal cut-off value.

Results:
The average age was 51.59±10.43 in PA group and 45.72±12.44 in EA group (P<0.05). The optimal cut-off value was 10.7 ng/dl for post-CCT PAC, 6.8 ng/dl for post-SIT PAC and 26.9% for suppression of post-CCT PAC. The diagnostic value of post-CCT PAC was the highest with 0.831 for the AUC and 0.552 for the Youden index. The optimal cut-off value for patients who were less than 50 years old was 11.5 ng/dl for post-CCT PAC and 8.4 ng/dl for post-SIT PAC. The suppression of post-CCT PAC turned to 18.2% for those of 50 years old or more than 50 years old.

Conclusions:
Compared with SIT, CCT presented a higher diagnostic value when post-CCT PAC was used as the diagnostic criteria among Chinese people, while the selection of diagnostic thresholds depended on patients at different age stages.
IMPACT OF ACCESSORY RENAL ARTERIES ON HYPERTENSION IN YOUNG PATIENTS
Authors: Rushid Mesut , Kisheva Antonia , Yotov Yoto , Galabov Tsanko 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To determine whether there is a correlation between hypertension, accessory renal arteries, and levels of renin and aldosterone.

Design and method:
From March 2023 to December 2023, 11 young patients (9 males and 2 females) between 22-41 years were hospitalized with suspected secondary arterial hypertension (AH). Prior to hospitalization, all underwent standard pre-analytical medication preparation with cessation of hormone affecting medications and transferred to alternative treatment. For all patients, a computer tomography was conducted following a renal angiography protocol for the presence of adrenal glands formations and the presence of accessory renal arteries. In parallel with the imaging study, laboratory analyses for renin/aldosterone, metanephrine, and normetanephrine were done. ECG, echocardiography and 24-hour monitoring of arterial blood pressure were performed.

Results:
In 10 (91%) of the examined patients, accessory renal arteries were identified - 2 (20%) on the right with two accessory renal arteries; 4 (40%) on the left, and the remaining 4 (40%) had bilateral accessory renal arteries. One patient exhibited an accessory artery in conjunction with Nutcracker Syndrome, and another patient with a combination of a hormonally inactive adenoma of the right adrenal gland. The average blood pressure during 24-hour monitoring was 165/96±12/8 mmHg. Echocardiography revealed initial left ventricular hypertrophy in 50% of the examined patients, with a trend towards reduced relaxation.
Overall, 8 patients had abnormal renin/aldosterone abnormalities - 7 (64%) in the group with accessory renal arteries (ARA), and 1 (9%) in the group without ARA where primary hyperaldosteronism was diagnosed. In the ARA, 6 had elevated levels of both renin and aldosterone. In 1 case in ARA group, only renin was elevated. Metanephrine and normetanephrine levels were within normal limits in all cases.

Conclusions:
We find relatively high rate of the presence of ARA, which may be regarded as an etiological entity. Elevated levels of renin and aldosterone were detected in a significant subset of the patients. Hypertensive patients with ARA may develop early severe damage of target organs.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF PLASMATIC FATTY ACIDS PROFILES IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM AND ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Mango Gabriele , Castagna Annalisa , Pattini Patrizia , Spizzo Marianna , Martinelli Nicola , Begali Francesca , Spillere Carlotta , Olivieri Oliviero , Friso Simonetta , Pizzolo Francesca 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Fatty acids (FAs) represent a wide class of lipids performing a variety of functions in living organisms.
FA plasma concentration is greatly related to dietary intake. FA levels have been proven to be useful biomarkers for the prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development and progression, due to their capability to mediate endothelial disfunction. As one of the major CVD risk factors, hypertension can also be affected by FA concentration. In particular, hypertensive patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) are characterized by a higher incidence of cardiovascular complications and endothelial dysfunction than patients with essential hypertension (EH). Aims of the study were: 1) analyze FA plasma levels in hypertensive subjects, focusing on the comparison between patients affected by PA and EH; 2) evaluate possible correlations between FA and other biochemical parameter in order to better characterize the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the disease.

Design and method:
PA and EH patients were enrolled, and biochemical parameters were collected. Plasma FAs were extracted through a direct transesterification reaction and separated using gas chromatography. Peak identification and quantification were performed with commercially available reference FAs, using heptadecanoic acid (17:0) as the internal standard. FA levels were presented as percentages of total FAs.

Results:
Significant differences in the FA plasma levels were detected between PA patients and EH patients, for palmitoleic acid (POA) and for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). Lower POA and higher NEFAs percentage were found in APA (n=22) compared to EH subjects (n=101) (POA 1.67 [95%CI, 1.37, 2.49] vs 2.62 [95%CI, 1.88, 3.11] respectively, P<0.01, and NEFAs 92.89 ± 1.65 vs 91.77 ± 1.44 respectively, P<0.01).

Conclusions:
This study provides insights into the possible role of fatty acids in the physiopathology of primary aldosteronism. Hypertensive patients with APA compared to EH were characterized by higher concentrations of NEFAs (a category of fatty acids previously associated with a detrimental effect by promoting endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and vascular cell growth) and lower POA.
Further analyses are required to better characterize the precise cellular mechanisms in which these fatty acids are involved.
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION, 2013 - 2023
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Ma Jie , Su Quanbin , Shi Futian , Yu Jing 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To conduct a bibliometric and visualization analysis of the literature on the association of VEGFR-TKIs with hypertension, to provide a reference for clinical identification of current research hotspots and for conducting relevant studies in the future.

Design and method:
In this bibliometric study, we used Excel, VOSviewer and Citespace software to describe the literature on VEGFR-TKIs and hypertension with more than 60 citations from 2013 to 2023, then visualized and analyzed the countries, authors, journals and keywords involved in the literature.

Results:
A total of 132 highly cited publications were retrieved, and the types of VEGFR-TKIs involved more frequently included lenvatinib (23, 15.4%), sorafenib (22, 14.8%), and axitinib (15,10.1%), and a comparison of the prevalence of hypertension in each study revealed that the probability of hypertension was higher for lenvatinib (21%-73%), followed by axitinib (17%-49%), and sorafenib (5%-34%); the United States dominated the field during the study period, France and China were also important contributors to this category; Professors Masatoshi Kudo, Toni K. Choueiri, Brian Rini, Robert J. Motzer, and Shukui Qin were the the most productive researchers; among the journals, <Lancet oncology><Journal of clinical oncology>and <Cancer> are journals dedicated to oncology, which published more relevant articles; keyword analysis showed that hypertension appeared earlier as a keyword in the last decade, survival analysis and combination of drugs appeared later as keywords, where the analysis of outbreak words showed that the year of survival outbreak was in 2016-2017, indicating that there were more survival analysis studies in this field in these two years.

Conclusions:
VEGFR-TKIs and hypertension related topics have formed several more stable author collaboration groups, combination medication is a hotspot of VEGFR-TKIs treatment research, and the related studies have also gradually increased in recent years, which may guide the future direction of research, and will also help clinics to better understand VEGFR-TKIs and hypertension.
ASSOCIATION OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS WITH CARDIORENAL INJURY IN CHINESE PATIENTS WITH NEWLY-CONFIRMED PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM: A CROSS-SECTION STUDY
Authors: Zenglei Zhang 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Although the significant associations between arterial stiffness and target organ damage (TOD) have been established in essential hypertension, the evidence on the relationship in newly diagnosed primary aldosteronism (PA) are still limited. The present study aimed to investigate the association of arterial stiffness and TOD in Chinese newly confirmed PA patients.

Design and method:
Included were 823 newly diagnosed PA patients receiving the extremity blood pressure monitoring from January 2016 to December 2021 at the Fuwai Hospital. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlation of vascular stiffing parameters with left ventricular mass index (LVMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and 24 h urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model were conducted to select the potential influencing factors, and the univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were used to identify the potential risk factors.

Results:
The mean age of included patients (female 43.4%) was 51.24 years, and the proportion of TOD was 78.13% (643/823). Compared with PA patients without TOD, those with TOD were older in age, had higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (BaPWV), UACR and LVMI, and lower eGFR. BaPWV was positively correlated with LVMI (r=0.20, P<0.001) and UACR (r=0.27, P<0.001) but inversely correlated with eGFR (r=0.29,P<0.001). Multivariate adjusted logistic analysis suggested that BaPWV was markedly associated with TOD (odds ratio [OR] =1.134; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.055-1.220; P=0.001), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (OR=1.069, 95%CI: 1.011-1.131; P=0.019) and renal injury (OR=1.100, 95%CI: 1.039-1.165; P=0.001).

Conclusions:
BaPWV was significantly associated with TOD, LVH and renal injury in Chinese newly confirmed PA patients. The present study emphasized the important role of BaPWV in early recognition of TOD in newly confirmed PA patients, which may improve the clinical outcomes via early intervention.
EXPLORATION OF SCREENING FOR PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IN PATIENTS WITH ADRENAL SURGERY IN CHINESE
Authors: Yu Yang , Gong Minghui , Zhang Ying , Jiang Yinong , Gao Xue , Yang Deyong , Song Wei 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is common secondary hypertension, however, the screening rate for PA is not entirely satisfactory. This study aimed to use immunohistochemical staining for retrospective analysis of screening for PA in patients with adrenal surgery in Chinese to improve the screening rate of PA.

Design and method:
A total of 101 patients who were diagnosed with adrenal tumors and treated with adrenalectomy were collected. Immunohistochemical staining for anti-CYP11B1 and anti-CYP11B2 monoclonal antibodies was performed on postoperative specimens. Analysis of staining results according to the expert consensus on the histopathology of PA.

Results:
Of the 101 patients included, 25 (24.75%) patients had completed secondary hypertension screening before surgery. Of the remaining 76 (75.25%) patients, immunohistochemical staining was identified in 13 patients (12.87%) with PA and 4 patients (3.96%) with autonomous secretion of cortisol. Only APM or MAPM was seen in 42 patients (41.58%). APM and MAPM were used as a potential diagnostic basis leading to PA, and functional lesions were observed in postoperative pathology in 83.17% of patients. Still, 16.83% of patients did not show clear functional histopathology on pathological staining. The overall incidence of APM and MAPM was 64.36%. Increased prevalence of APM and MAPM in patients older than or equal to 50 years old compared to patients younger than 50 years old (67.14% versus. 58.06%) and in female patients compared to males (77.78% versus. 42.11%). There without a significant difference between different ages (χ2 = 0.772, P = 0.380) but there was a significant difference between genders (χ2 = 13.149, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The screening rate of PA before adrenalectomy was less than 1/4. More than 40% of patients had pathologically confirmed APM or MAPM without systematic PA screening. Meanwhile, 16.83% of patients undergoing adrenal surgery had no clear functional histopathological manifestations. The problem of inadequate screening for PA still exists. Immunohistochemistry by anti-CYP11B1 and anti-CYP11B2 monoclonal antibodies is an important tool in the pathological diagnosis of PA and will help identify potential autonomous secretion of aldosterone and guide improved screening for PA.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA WITH AND WITHOUT ANEURYSMS IN THE ARCADIA-POL STUDY
Authors: Talarowska Paulina , Kolodziejczyk-kruk Sylwia , Szwench-pietrasz Elzbieta , Florczak Elzbieta , Kadziela Jacek , Michalowska Ilona , Michalowska Anna , Sterlinski Ignacy , Januszewicz Andrzej , Persu Alexandre , Januszewicz Magdalena 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is idiopathic, segmental, non-inflammatory, non- atherosclerotic disease affecting small and medium-sized arteries. FMD causes artery stenosis, although it may also lead to aneurysm, dissection or arterial tortuosity. The aim of the study was to evaluate prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with FMD and aneurysms.

Design and method:
The ARCADIA-Pol is an ongoing study, initiated in 2015 at the Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology in Warsaw, Poland. Patients enrolled in the study met the inclusion criteria: presence or suspicion of FMD and/or radiologically documented episode of spontaneous dissection of any artery. Each patient underwent: clinical and 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, biochemical tests, echocardiography, US Doppler of renal and carotid arteries and whole body angio-CT. We present data of 435 currently enrolled patients.

Results:
Among 435 patients enrolled to the analysis FMD was confirmed in 281 patients. Out of 281 FMD patients, aneurysms were found in 32.7% subjects, most often in renal (14.6%), intracranial (11.7%) and splenic (10.7%) arteries. In every fourth patient with FMD the presence of aneurysm was detected during evaluation in the study. Most important 72.9% patients with newly diagnosed aneurysm were qualified to interventional treatment. In FMD patients with aneurysm mean age was 52.3±12.0 years, most patients were women (91.3%). In this group prevalence of HT was 85.9%, hyperlipidemia 47.8%, history of smoking 26.1% and history of contraceptive pills use among women 20.7%. Patients with FMD and aneurysm were significantly older as compared to groups of patients without aneurysms and included a significantly higher percentage of female as compared to other groups of patients. Women with FMD and aneurysm had more often history of contraceptive pills use than women without FMD.

Conclusions:
Aneurysms are relatively often found among patients with FMD (32.7%), most often in renal, cerebrovascular and splenic arteries. Radiological screening performed in ARCADIA-Pol study enabled to detect aneurysms in each fourth patient with FMD enrolled to the program, of which 72.9% were qualified to interventional treatment of aneurysm.
CENTRAL BLOOD PRESSURE AND VASCULAR RESPONSES TO DIFFERENT PHYSICAL EXERCISE INTENSITIES IN NORMAL AND HIGH-NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE AS A TOOL TO IDENTIFY EARLY VASCULAR DAMAGE
Authors: Rodrigues Sara , Verardino Renata , Costa Marcel , Bortolotto Luiz 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To evaluate acute changes in arterial distensibility and central pressure by high-intensity interval physical exercise (HIIPE) compared to moderate intensity continuous physical exercise (MICPE) sessions in subjects with normal and high-normal blood pressure (BP).

Design and method:
A randomized two-period crossover trial with 29 subjects (48±7years, 76%female, BMI=28.3±4.3kg/m2) divided into two groups according to Normal BP (120-129 and/or 80-84 mmHg) or HighNormal BP (130-139 and 85-89 mmHg) levels. They underwent either MICPE-HIIPE or HIIPE-MICPE sequences. Exercise intensity was defined according to the cardiopulmonary exercise test. The measures included aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and applanation tonometry (Sphygmocor®) changes at baseline, immediately, and 24 hours after each physical exercise session.

Results:
In HighNormal BP group, PWV was significantly lower 24h after MICPE compared to baseline (7.49 ±0.95 vs 8.20± 0.64 m/s; p=0.022). Aortic SBP was significantly lower immediately after HIIPE than baseline and 24h after MICPE (113 ± 8; 124±9 and 121±9; p < 0.05). Comparison between groups, aortic SBP was higher in HighNormal BP at baseline and immediately after MICPE compared to Normal BP (124 ±9 and 122 ±17 vs 114± 9 and 110 ±8; respectively p=0.012).

Conclusions:
In subjects with normal and high-normal BP, vascular distensibility response to exercise is more dependent on basal levels of stiffness and more sensitive to the stimulus of MICPE; however, changes in aortic BP are more dependent on basal BP levels and more sensitive to high-intensity stimuli.
CENTRAL AORTIC PRESSURE (CAP) MEASURED IN THE OFFICE WITH SPHYGMOCOR AND DURING 24 HOURS (MOBIL-O-GRAPH AND ARTERIOGRAPH) AND HYPERTENSION MEDIATED ORGAN DAMAGE (HMOD) IN YOUNG PAT
Authors: Prelevic Vladimir , Jelakovic Ana , Gasparovic Kristina , Bazadona Danira , Radunovic Danilo , Josipovic Josipa , Jelakovic Bojan 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Central aortic pressure (CAP) is a parameter of central hemodynamics. It can be measured in the office with SphygmoCor, and during 24-hours with Mobil-O-Graph and Arteriograph. Debate is going on whether CAP is more associated with HMOD than brachial blood pressure. The aim of our study is to analyse assocation of office CAP and 24-hour CAP with HMOD in patients with stage 1 hypertension.

Design and method:
This study included 154 patients with the primary hypertension (69.5% women, mean age 38.5). In all of them we collected various clincial data and antroplogical paramaters. CAP was measured in the office (SphygmoCor) and during regular working days (24h ABPM systems: Mobil-o-Graph and Arteriograph).

Results:
The increased office CAP was associated with five indicators of HMOD: decrease in eGFR, increase in 24 hours albuminuria, thickness of the intima and carotid media (cIMT), NT pro-BNP, left ventricular hypertrophy- ECG Cornell criteria (LVH). Elevated 24-hour (Mobi-O-Graph) systolic CAP was associated with increased cITM and decreased EF. Higher values of diastolic CAP (Mobi-O-Graph) were accompanied by a greater possibility of LVH. An increase in 24 hours systolic CAP (Arteriograph) was followed with an increase in the cITM. An increase in 24 hours diastolic CAP(Arteriograph) was followed with a decrease in eGFR.

Conclusions:
CAP could be considered as a indicator of HMOD and total cardiovascular risk especially in young patients, but large longitudinal studies are need in order to confirm this.
CAP measured with SphymoCor can be considered a better predictor of HMOD compared to CAP measured over 24 hours. Further investigation is needed to determine clinical value of both office and 24 hours CAP.
EXTRACORONARY VASCULAR ABNORMALITIES IN SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION: PREVALENCE, CHARACTERISTICS, AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Nowicki Michal , Zalewska Joanna , Talarowska Paulina , Michalowska Ilona , Golebiewski Slawomir , Wojtkowska Izabela , Suminski Andrzej , Socko Gabriela , Januszewicz Andrzej , Witkowski Adam , Kadziela Jacek 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
This study assesses the prevalence and characteristics of extracoronary vascular abnormalities (EVA) in patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), a distinct form of acute coronary syndrome primarily affecting younger women. EVA include conditions like fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and aneurysms in non-coronary vessels.

Design and method:
A cohort of 87 patients (97.7% female, average age 44.5±9.1 years) with a history of SCAD enrolled in the SCAD-POL Registry was analyzed. The study included comprehensive reviews of medical records and angiographic imagery. All participants underwent head-to-pelvis computed tomography angiography for FMD and aneurysm screening, with EVA defined as the presence of any of these conditions in any vascular bed.

Results:
EVA was identified in 49.4% of the cohort, with 37.9% diagnosed with FMD and 23% with aneurysms. A minority (5.8%) presented with both conditions. FMD predominantly affected renal (23%) and cervical arteries (18.4%), while aneurysms were most prevalent in cervical (9.2%), intracranial and splenic arteries (6.9% each), with renal arteries less affected (5.7%). The EVA and non-EVA groups showed no significant laboratory differences. Concerning medical history, diabetes mellitus appeared in 1.2% EVA patient versus 5.8% non-EVA patients (p>0.05). Hyperlipidemia was noted in 20.9% EVA and 18.2% non-EVA patients (p>0.05). Hypertension was non-significantly more common in EVA patients (41.9% vs 29.5%, p=>0.05).
Treatment modalities, including conservative management, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass grafting, showed no significant differences between the groups. SCAD characteristics and outcomes, like left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at discharge and recurrence rates, were similar (53.7% LVEF in EVA vs. 52.4% in non-EVA; with 2 recurrences in each group).

Conclusions:
This study reveals a significant prevalence of EVA in SCAD patients, with aneurysms being more common than previously reported. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive vascular assessment in SCAD patients, considering the variable prevalence of FMD, aneurysms. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of EVA in SCAD, potentially influencing clinical management strategies.