bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of Cytotoxicity by Human Thymocytes in Vitro
Authors: Holm Göran 
Published: August 2010

The phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)‐induced cytotoxic action of human blood lymphocytes against homologous cells in tissue culture was compared with the effect of human thymus cells. For quantitation of cell damage, use was made of the release of isotope from Chang cells (human liver) labelled with 51Cr‐chromate. Two young male patients with congenital heart defects served as donors. The Chang target cells were not damaged by thymic lymphoid cells added in high excess. In contrast, a small number of blood lymphocytes from the same donors tested simultaneously damaged the target cells. The thymic cells were poorly stimulated to DNA synthesis and into blastoid transformation by incubation with PHA for 3 days. PPD induced no response in the thymus cells. The blood lymphocytes reacted normally in all tests. Most thymocytes survived 24 hr inkubation while only about 25 per cent were alive after 72 hr. 70 per cent blood lymphocytes survived 72 hr incubation.It is assumed that a majority of the human thymic lymphocytes are immunologically non‐competent cells in regard to cellular immune reactivity. These cells lack cytotoxicity as well as ability to proliferate in the presence of PHA or antigens.
Mechanisms of Leukocyte Production and Release VIII Eosinophil and Neutrophil Kinetics in Rats
Authors: Cohen Natalie S. , LoBue J. , Gordon A. S. 
Published: August 2010

Eosinophil and neutrophil kinetics were compared in normal rats and in rats subjected to repeated leukocyte, particularly eosinophil, removal following a single injection of tritiated thymidine.Analysis of neutrophil labelling in normal rats provided data on neutrophil production which were in agreement with results of similar studies in dogs and in humans. Some phases of neutrophil life cycles (e.g., maturation time), appeared to be shorter than those of other animals. Labelled mature neutrophils were seen in the bone marrow as early as 16 hours after isotope administration.In normal rats eosinophil myelocyte turnover and maturation time were estimated as 3 days and 8–12 hours respectively. Labelled eosinophils were seen in the circulation 2 days after isotope injection. The turnover time of mature marrow eosinophils was approximated as 19 hours and that of circulating eosinophils as 4.5 days with a tissue life of 2–4 days.Rats subjected to leukocytapheresis seemed to exhibit a general acceleration of granulocytopoiesis, as indicated by a shortening of cell generation times and possibly also of maturation times.
Polycythaemia Vera and Myelofibrosis
Authors: Ikkala E. , Rapola J. , Kotilainen M. 
Published: August 2010

Bone marrow biopsies were made in 63 patients with polycythaemia vera and in three patients with primary myelofibrosis having polycythaemic blood pictures. The histological findings in polycythaemia vera were classified as follows: normal bone marrow in 14, hyperplastic bone marrow in 17, hyperplastic bone marrow with increased reticulin fibers in 19, early myelofibrosis in 9 and advanced myelofibrosis in 4 patients. In 12 of the polycythaemic patients bone marrow biopsy was repeated after nine to 32 months. In eight patients the histological picture was unchanged, three showed progression of myelofibrosis, and in one fibrotic changes possibly due to a miselading biopsy specimen had disappeared.The histological findings were in good correlation with clinical parameters and in only three polycythaemia vera patients with early myelofibrosis in histological specimens no clinical or laboratory signs of myelofibrosis were detected. Myelofibrosis was more often encountered in patients with a long history of polycythaemia vera and at the time of the diagnosis of the disease patients with increase in reticulin fiber content and with myelofibrosis in marrow sections had shown slightly more often leukocytosis, circulating normoblasts and splenomegaly than the other patients.The reliability of bone biopsy from the iliac crest and its value in polycythaemia vera are evaluated. The relationship between polycythaemia vera and myelofibrosis is discussed in the light of the concept of myeloproliferative diseases.
A Micro‐Incubation Chamber Technique for Testing the Immunological Activity of Cultured Lymphocytes
Authors: Lamvik J. O. 
Published: August 2010

The micro‐incubation chamber technique of Cunningham (1965) has been used for testing transformed cells in sheep red cell stimulated lymphocyte cultures for the ability to give pericellular lysis (lytic plaques) in sheep red cell monolayers. The variations around the means for total cell numbers and plaque‐forming cell numbers in series of chambers plated in parallel have been estimated.The plaque‐forming ability was found to be dependent on complement and temperature indicating an immunological lytic reaction. Evidence is presented for active protein synthesis in and liberation from the cells showing the ability to form lytic plaques.Cells stored at low temperature were able to form lytic plaques after several days' storage although a gradual reduction in the plaque‐forming ability was noticed.
Studies on Platelet Factor 3 Activity
Authors: Brøns Kirsten , Gormsen Johs. 
Published: August 2010

A material consisting of 13 normal controls and 32 patients suffering from various types of secondary thrombocytopathy and some special cases has been tested by a modified thrombin generation test and Stypven clotting time in order to evaluate platelet factor 3 activity.Intact platelet suspensions, platelets damaged by freezing and thawing or ultrasonic vibrations and phospholipid extracts have been added to platelet‐free, non‐activated citrated plasma prepared from the same normal person in all experiments. The effect on velocity and amount of thrombinformation and on Stypven clotting time have been estimated in the total group. The results have been evaluated statistically.The modified thrombin generation test did not show any significant differences in activity in any cases tested.The Stypven‐test was technically much more satisfactory and significantly less activity was found using platelets from patients with hepatic cirrhosis. The concentration of phosphatidylserine was normal in these platelets.In vitro experiments with surface‐active agents support the hypothesis, that surface charge of phosphatide micelles are of decisive importance for their coagulation accelerating effect.
Protein Abnormalities in the Cold Haemagglutinin Syndrome
Authors: Harboe Morten , Torsvik Harald 
Published: August 2010

Eighteen patients were studied, selected only on the basis of a persistently elevated cold haemagglutinin titre.The concentration of γM‐globulin in the initial serum sample varied from 0.7–24.5 mg./ml. In all of 15 patients studied in detail, the cold haemagglutinin behaved as a monoclonal γM‐globulin.In two patients, a homogeneous γ‐globulin remained in the serum after absorption with red cell stromata in the cold. This was shown to be due to an additional monoclonal γG‐globulin without cold haemagglutinin activity.The protein pattern remained virtually constant in each patient throughout the observation period.
Hereditary Thrombocytopenia with Excessively Prolonged Bleeding Time
Authors: Stavem Per , Jeremic Michael , Hjort Peter F. , Wislöff Finn , Vogt Else , ÖYen Ragnhild , Abrahamsen Arne Foss , Sövde Arne 
Published: August 2010

A report is given of a hereditary bleeding disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia and excessively prolonged bleeding time.The disorder was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and segregated independently of the ABO, Rh, MNSs and Duffy blood group systems, and probably of the ABH secretor genes.The patients' own platelets had a shortened survival in the patients' own circulation, indicating an increased destruction. The increased destruction was not due to an intrinsic defect of the patients' platelets, because the platelets survived normally when transfused to a normal recipient. The patients must therefore have some factor or mechanism in their blood or vascular system which shortens the life‐span of their own platelets as well as that of transfused normal platelets.Another striking finding was the unproportionate increase of the bleeding time. The moderately reduced platelet count and normal AHG exclude von Willebrand's disease. The presently reported bleeding disorder did not show the characteristics of the thrombasthenic or the thrombopathic group of disorders.The presently reported haemorrhagic disorder does not fit into any of the previously described ones.
Ultrastructure of the Specific Granules of Human Neutrophil Granulocytes
Authors: Egeberg Jørn C. , Bro‐Rasmussen Frede , Andersen Vagn 
Published: August 2010

Electron microscopic studies of circulating neutrophil granulocytes of a boy suffering from Fatal Granulomatous Disease (FGD) showed two abnormal kinds of cytoplasmic granules, both larger than normal granules. One was characterized by a homogeneous matrix of very low electron density, the other contained one or more crystalloid inclusions of larger size than found in normal neutrophils.In neutrophil granulocytes from adults with long‐standing bacterial infection, by light microscopy showing toxic granulation, the granules displayed the same ultrastructural abnormalities as in FGD.It is concluded that the ultrastructure of the granules of neutrophils in FGD reflects non‐specific toxic granulation. The functional defect of the granules in FGD has no known morphological counterpart.
Variation in the Individual Subject of Some Parameters in Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis
Authors: Ygge Johan 
Published: August 2010

Five young, healthy women with regular menstruations and who were not taking oral contraceptives were followed with repeated blood samples for 5 weeks. On each individual, about 15 determinations were made of the number of platelets, the fibrinogen and plasminogen concentration, the P & P‐test, the Factor VIII activity and the spontaneous fibrinolytic activity of the euglobulin fraction of plasma on fibrin plates. It was shown that the variation in these parameters in the individual was smaller than the variation between individuals and that distinct individual ranges could be found for some women. This was most pronounced with respect to the number of platelets, the fibrinogen concentration and the P&P‐test. The importance of knowing normal intra‐individual ranges of different parameters in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis is stressed.Cyclic variations in the number of platelets were found during the menstrual cycle but there were no such variations in the other parameters studied.
Congenital Haemorrhagic Condition Similar but Not Identical to Factor X Deficiency
Authors: Girolami A. , Molaro G. , Lazzarin M. , Scarpa R. , Brunetti A. 
Published: August 2010

A 23‐year‐old white male with a bleeding tendency since early childhood presented a congenital coagulation defect similar but not identical to factor X deficiency. A first and second stage defect were demonstrated, characterized by a prolonged prothrombin time, prolonged partial thromboplastin time, abnormal thromboplastin generation, abnormal prothrombin consumption. The Stypven clotting time was slightly prolonged on fresh plasma but was normal on frozen plasma. Factors I, II, V, VIII, IX, XI, and XII were all within normal limits; factor VII was at the lower limits of normally or slightly decreased.Mr. Stuart's plasma failed to correct the defect of the patients plasma; however, a known factor VII deficient plasma was able to correct the abnormality. Factor X levels showed low (3–13%) only when assayed using tissue whole thromboplastin or tissue partial thromboplastin; the factor X assay using a Stypven‐cephalin mixture yielded normal or near normal values. The factor II + factor X level using a Stypven‐cephalin mixture appeared normal also.The significance of the findings is discussed. The results are tentatively interpreted as being due to an abnormal factor X rather than to a real deficiency.
Apparent C Trisomy in Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: Chapelle Albert de la , Wennström Johan , Wasastjerna Curt , Knutar Folke , Stenman Ulf‐Håkan , Weber Theodor H. 
Published: August 2010

A supernumerary chromosome belonging to group C was encountered in bone marrow cells from two patients. One patient, suffering from an atypical myeloproliferative syndrome resembling chronic myeloid leukaemia, has had the apparent C trisomy in 100% of his dividing bone marrow cells for over a year. The other patient, who died of acute myelomonocytic leukaemia, had a mixture of normal and apparently C trisomic cells in his bone marrow. In both instances, phytohaemagglutininstimulated lymphocytes as well as fibroblasts of skin origin showed normal karyotypes.Clinical investigations, including cytochemical characterization of abnormal cells and quantitation and fractionation of vitamin B12‐binding proteins, are reported. The results failed to reveal any common clinical entity.Previous case reports are reviewed. The trisomic condition has been discovered in disorders affecting the myeloid, monocytoid and erythroid, but not the lymphoid, cells. The significance of C trisomy in haematological disorders remains obscure.
Platelet Survival in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Abrahamsen Arne Foss 
Published: August 2010

Platelet survival time and platelet counts were studied in different stages of Hodgkin's disease. Platelet half‐life was significantly shortened, most pronounced in the generalized form of the disease. Platelet production and consumption was normal or slightly increased in localized disease, decreased in generalized disease with bone marrow involvement. Thus, thrombocytopenia in advanced Hodgkin's disease is due to decreased platelet production and reduced platelet survival.Radiation and chemotherapy had no influence upon platelet survival but reduced platelet production and consumption. Homologous platelets survived no longer than the patients' own platelets, and prednisone had no effect on platelet survival.
Cobalamin and Folate in Burned Mice
Authors: Lindstrand K. , Nordén Å. , Schildt B. E. 
Published: August 2010

Megaloblastic erythropoiesis has been observed in certain forms of trauma. In the present study, the effect of a standardized burn injury upon the content of cobalamin and folate was determined in mouse liver. The response of burned mice to treatment with methylcobalamin and folate was also assessed.Methyl‐tetrahydrofolic acid dropped significantly already within six hours after the injury and remained low for more than four days. The content of methylcobalamin in the liver also dropped dramatically within 24 hours after the burn injury and remained low for six days.Treatment with methylcobalamin did not reduce mortality rate. Folate treatment, on the other hand, reduced the death rate significantly.
Side‐Effect Studies on a New Sustained Release Iron Preparation
Authors: Rybo Göran , Sölvell Lennart 
Published: August 2010

The side‐effects of a new sustained release oral ferrous sulphate preparation have been evaluated in three separate double‐blind studies. Each tablet contained 100 mg of ferrous iron and the dosage employed in all studies was 2 tablets daily.In a large series of blood donors randomly divided into three groups the frequency and type of side‐effects were compared to ferrous sulphate tablets and placebo.In two series of pregnant women the side‐effects were studied with a cross‐over technique using ferrous sulphate tablets as reference. Placebo was also included as a reference in one of these studies.In all series the frequency of nausea and epigastric pain was about the same for the sustained release preparation as for placebo. In all series ferrous sulphate tablets gave a significantly higher frequency of nausea than the sustained release tablets and placebo. Also the frequency of epigastric pain was found to be higher in blood donors but this could not be verified in pregnant women.
Erythrophagocytosis in the Rat Bone Marrow Following Transfusion of Heat‐Denatured Erythrocytes
Authors: Marton F. 
Published: August 2010

Observations of erythrophagocytosis in the human bone marrow have called attention to the bone marrow as an erythroclastic organ. In order to elucidate the erythroclastic potential of the rat bone marrow, female rats were transfused with heat‐denatured erythrocytes and killed after 4 hrs. Methacrylate‐embedded bone marrow sections demonstrated erythrophagocytosis in macrophages and in cytoplasmic protrusions within bone marrow sinusoids, and in the nursing cells of the erythroblastic islands within the bone marrow parenchyma.Transfusion of 59Fe labelled erythrocytes allowed study of the erythrocyte uptake in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen. Autoradiography confirmed phagocytosis of transfused, denatured erythrocytes in the bone marrow.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors: Benestad Haakon Breien , Iversen Jens‐Gustav , Rolstad Bent 
Published: August 2010

Various types of mononuclear cell populations, presumably differing in their content of macrophage‐ and immunoblast precursor cells, were obtained by sampling rat thoracic duct lymph or by isolation of mononuclear cells from blood of intact or lymph‐drained rats. The cells, which were suspended in diluted rat or mouse plasma, were cultured for three or five days in cell‐impermeable diffusion chambers. The chamber recipients were rats, mice or irradiated mice. The proliferation, differentiation and death of the chamber cells were quantified by cell counting and radio‐autographic evaluation.Thoracic duct lymph was shown to contain about 1–10 macrophage precursor cells per 106 lymphocytes. The precursor cell might be a monocyte and its presence in lymph is possibly related to the cannulation procedure. The small macrophage populations of the chambers containing lymph cells proliferated with a population doubling time of approximately 10 hours. Macrophage proliferation appeared to be stimulated by the presence of blast cells and inhibited by mature, differentiated macrophages.
The Influence of Storage on ADP‐Induced Platelet Aggregation
Authors: SIVERTSEN ULLA 
Published: August 2010

The aggregability of platelets stored in plasma at room‐temperature, pH 7.2–7.4, decreased approximately by a factor ten over a 24 hr period. Storage at pH 6.5 resulted in a more pronounced decrease. In some experiments this was reversible if the platelets were allowed to regenerate by incubation at pH 7.4 one or two hrs before measuring the aggregation.The procedure of concentrating platelets as well as storing the platelets as a concentrate, contributed to a decrease in aggregability. Saline as a medium for storage caused complete loss of aggregability within a few hours.K+, Ca2+ and glucose was shown by dialysis experiments to be vital factors for maintaining platelet aggregability during storage.
The Significance of Bone Marrow Morphology for the Diagnosis of Polycythaemia vera
Authors: LUNDIN PER M. , RIDELL BÖRJE , WEINFELD ALEKSANDER 
Published: August 2010

Cellularity, megakaryocyte number, size and volume were quantitated in aspirated sternal bone marrow sections of well defined groups of polycythaemia, control subjects and chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML). A discriminant analysis carried out on this material has shown that the examination of cellularity and of the number of megakaryocytes/mm2 whole bone marrow is sufficient to assign the majority of cases to the correct group of untreated polycythaemia vera (PV). No other case than PV was assigned to this group.The results of the statistical analysis allow the conclusion that in the presence of an increased red cell mass the finding of an increased number of megakaryocytes and a high cellularity in sternal marrow sections is per se satisfactory for making a positive diagnosis of PV, when this disease is to be differentiated from other polycythaemias and controls. The absence of these findings does not exclude however the diagnosis. The differentiation from CML cannot be made on this basis. In those rare cases of early CML with an increased red cell mass, the estimation of the megakaryocyte size might be helpful for diagnosis.
Venous Stasis and Fibrinolytic Activity: Influence of Graduated Compression and Changes in Gas Values
Authors: FEDDERSEN C. , GORMSEN JOHS. 
Published: August 2010

The influence of graduated venous compression of legs on changes in gas values, pH and fibrinolytic activity was investigated, and the correlation between changes in arms and legs of euglobulin clot lysis time (ELT) and of oxygen tension (pO2), oxygen saturation (O2%), carbon dioxide tension (pCO2), pH, and haematocrit was evaluated. The cuff pressure on arms was midway between systolic and diastolic pressure (mean blood pressure), and in 16 cases the same inflation pressure was used for compression of the legs (group I). In another 16 cases (group II) the very mean blood pressure of the leg was used on the legs, in general exceeding the mean pressure of the arm by approximately 35 mm Hg. The employed graduation of the venous compression did not affect changes in the measured parameters. In spite of significantly different cuff pressure, the changes in group I and group II were identical, and the usual significant differences between arm and leg in changes of O2%, haematocrit, ELT, and fibrinogen values were found in both groups.No correlation between induced activator activity and changes in pO2, O2 %, pCO2, pH and haematocrit could be demonstrated.
Behaviour of Factor V and Factor VIII during the Process of Blood Coagulation
Authors: JANSSEN CATHERINE L. , van LEEUWEN WILHELMINA H. 
Published: August 2010

The sequence of the thrombin activation of clotting factors V and VIII was studied in two test systems: (1) by addition of thrombin to diluted, citrated plasma, (2) by recalcification of citrated plasma, causing the generation of thrombin due to the intrinsic clotting mechanism. In normal as well as in deficient plasma samples the activation of both factors ran parallel with thrombin generation and clot formation. The results indicate that in both systems factor VIII is activated prior to factor V. Factor VIII is activated rapidly by traces of thrombin, the activated form being very labile. Activated factor V is more stable.The data provide evidence of the participation of the activated factors VIII and V in the clotting process.
Iron Deficiency in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease
Authors: Child J. A. , Bowry W. M. P. , Knowles J. P. 
Published: August 2010

Red cell indices were determined in two groups of patients with chronic obstructive airways disease, a total of 60 patients. Bone marrow aspiration for the assessment of iron stores was also carried out in the majority of these patients. Values below the accepted lower limit of normal for mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and values above the accepted upper limit of normal for the diameter/thickness ratio (D/T), suggested the possibility of iron deficiency in 20 %, 23 % and 33 % of these patients respectively.14 (26 %) of the 54 patients whose bone marrows were examined were found to have no stainable iron stores in the marrow fragments and were therefore considered to be definitely iron deficient.There was a probably significant relationship between the absence of iron stores and an increased D/T ratio, a reduced MCH, but not a reduced MCHC. The results of a dietary study suggested a possible relationship between the presence of iron deficiency based on the examination of bone marrow iron stores and a low iron intake.It is concluded that iron deficiency, which may be a common occurrence in chronic obstructive airways disease, is at least a contributory factor in the production of abnormal red cell indices in such patients.