bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding donors: A case of university performing arts programs in the USA
Authors: Ko Yong Jae , Gibson Heather , Kim May 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to: (a) to examine the factors that influence donor behavior, (b) to determine which specific perceived benefits are predictors of donor behavior, and (c) to examine the influence of gender, age, and income level of university performing arts program (PAP) donors. Secondary data from the Value and Impact Study, collected by 14 Major University Presenters (MUPs) was used. Results of data analyses using 1771 donor responses suggest that identification with the PAP, familiarity with planned giving options, and public recognition are important predictors of donor behavior. Donors highly value priority seating, advanced notice of programs, and ability to purchase single tickets in advance of public sale. Additionally, age, gender, economic status, and perceived benefits were found to be important variables for understanding donor behavior. Given these results, implications for future research and practice in relationship marketing are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Five direct marketing strategies for nonprofit organisations
Authors: Saxton Joe 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper outlines five direct marketing strategies which nonprofit organisations are following; Donation‐led, Intimacy, Audience‐led, Product‐led and Multi‐product. The purpose in identifying these strategies is to show that nonprofit organisations have a greater range of strategic choices than is often assumed. The second part of the paper looks at the building blocks for a successful direct marketing strategy and shows how they differ between the five strategies.Direct marketing is used as a generic term throughout this paper. Relationship marketing is used to indicate relationship building, as opposed to simply communicating directly.
The impact of the internet upon fundraising
Authors: Whiteley Michael , Baker John 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThrough research on a sample of the top 2000 charities, the Voluntary Organisations Internet Server (VOIS) revealed the potential for a major initiative to provide the opportunity for voluntary organisations to create a quality brand of information on the Internet by coming together on a collective site. The Internet is an ideal medium for voluntary organisations to get their message across, build relationships and raise funds. VOIS has been designed specifically to facilitate these activities and provide the means to a collective presence. While it is mainly large organisations that are using it at the moment, the Internet represents the opportunity for smaller organisations to have a substantial presence because of its democratic nature. VOIS has utilised the principle of economies of scale in order that all organisations can afford to have a useful presence on the Internet. This paper will examine fundraising activities that are already occurring on the Internet, analyse the strengths of the Internet as a marketing tool, explain how marketers can utilise these strengths and explain how VOIS has tried to facilitate these strengths within the features of its standardised site.
Electronic mail as a fundraising tool
Authors: Lake Howard 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe World Wide Web has attracted considerable attention and investment in the for‐profit and nonprofit worlds, but electronic mail (e‐mail) alone can be one of the most effective online fundraising and marketing tools. Its use in fundraising appeals is considered and its relationship to traditional direct mail fundraising discussed. Other more innovative methods of incorporating e‐mail into a fundraising mix are explored, including the basic applications of an e‐mail signature to the more advanced uses of automated e‐mail response systems.This paper is based on research carried out by the author at City University during 1994 and 1995 as part of an MSc course in Information Science and published as ‘Electronic sources of fundraising information for UK nonprofit fundraisers’.
Markets for emission permits with free endowment: A vintage capital analysis
Authors: Bréchet Thierry , Tsachev Tsvetomir , Veliov Vladimir M. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we develop a vintage capital model for a firm involved in a market for tradable emission permits. We analyze both the firm's optimal investment plans and the market equilibrium. This allows us to scrutinize how firms use permits free endowment, and to highlight the implications of non‐optimal uses both at the firm and at the market level. We provide a new rationale for the market of tradable permits not to be cost‐efficient. The novel technical points in this context are the use of a distributed (vintage) optimal control model of the firm, the use of optimality conditions for non‐smooth problems, and the involvement of a nonlinear Fredholm integral equation of the first kind for the description of the equilibrium price of permits, and its practical meaning for market regularization. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influenzaviren auf dem Weg vom Tier zum Menschen. Grippeausbrüche
Authors: Klenk Hans‐Dieter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractInfluenza‐A‐Viren kommen in großer Vielfalt bei Wasservögeln vor und werden von dort gelegentlich auf andere Tiere sowie auf den Menschen übertragen. In einem komplizierten Anpassungsprozess kann so in seltenen Fällen ein neues human‐pathogenes Virus entstehen, das sich dann pandemisch ausbreitet. In den letzten 100 Jahren kam es auf diese Weise zu mindestens fünf Pandemien einschließlich des H1N1‐Ausbruchs im Jahre 2009. Aus den pandemischen Viren gehen durch Mutationen die saisonalen Erreger hervor, die die jährlichen Grippeepidemien verursachen. Vereinzelte Übertragungen von H5N1‐Viren auf den Menschen haben bislang nicht zu einer Pandemie geführt.
Influenzaviren: Biologie und Pathogenitätsfaktoren. Erreger saisonaler Epidemien und weltweiter Pandemien
Authors: Michaelis Martin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTrotz langjähriger Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Influenzaviren bleiben bis heute viele Fragen bezüglich der molekularen Vorgänge im Rahmen der Influenzavirusreplikation und ‐biologie offen. Dieser Umstand wird insbesondere dadurch verdeutlicht, dass in den letzten drei Jahren zwei neue Influenzaproteine (PB1‐F2, PB1‐N40) entdeckt wurden, deren Funktionen und Bedeutungen insbesondere im Fall von PB1‐N40 noch unverstanden sind. Diese Lücken im Verständnis der Influenzaviren und der durch sie verursachten Erkrankungen begrenzen naturgemäß die Möglichkeiten, verlässliche Vorhersagen über die Entwicklung neuer Viren und die Entstehung neuer Pandemien (und entsprechende spezifische Vorsorgemaßnahmen) zu treffen. Daher ist auf diesem Gebiet weitere intensive Forschung notwendig, insbesondere mit Schwerpunkten auf der Heterogenität und Diversität der Influenzaviren und der Virus‐Wirtszellinteraktionen in unterschiedlichen Zelltypen.
Die neuen (drohenden?) Grippe‐Pandemien. Von der Vogelgrippe H5N1 zur Schweinegrippe H1N1
Authors: Zündorf Ilse , Dingermann Theo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSeit den letzten großen Grippe‐Pandemien im 20. Jahrhundert überwacht die Weltgesundheitsorganisation sehr sorgfältig das Auftreten neuer Influenza‐Virus‐Subtypen. Das Vogelgrippe‐Virus H5N1 hat 2005/2006 die Welt in Alarmbereitschaft versetzt. Infolgedessen verfügt nun jedes Land und in Deutschland zusätzlich jedes Bundesland über einen eigenen Pandemieplan. Aber es war nicht das Vogelgrippevirus H5N1, sondern ein neues H1N1‐Virus, das 2009 für eine Generalprobe der Maßnahmen sorgte. Mittlerweile befinden wir uns in der Post‐Pandemic‐Period und wir wissen jetzt, dass glücklicherweise alles recht glimpflich abgelaufen ist. Es hätte aber auch alles sehr viel schlimmer kommen können. Daher war die oftmals bagatellisierende Berichterstattung gegen Ende der Pandemiephase in hohem Maße populistisch und verantwortungslos.
Zur Herstellung von Influenza‐Impfstoffen auf MDCK‐Zellkulturen. Zellkultur versus Ei
Authors: Bruckhoff Berthold 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWährend bei einigen Impfstoffen gegen virale Infektionen (z.B. MMR, Rabies, FSME) die Herstellung mittels Zellkulturen ein bereits lang genutzter und gut etablierter Prozess ist, werden Influenza‐Impfstoffe noch immer über das wenig standardisierbare Medium Hühnereier produziert. Durch den Einsatz einer permanenten MDCK‐Zelllinie kann die aufwendige und sensible Produktion auf Eiern durch einen robusten, standardisierten und geschlossenen Herstellungungsprozess ersetzt werden. Dadurch steht ein Influenza‐Impfstoff mit einer hohen Reinheit zur Verfügung, der auch bei Hühnerei‐ oder Antibiotika‐Allergikern eingesetzt werden kann. Das Herstellungsverfahren über MDCK‐Zellkulturen ist für die saisonalen Influenza‐Vakzine Optaflu bereits zugelassen und wurde darüber hinaus auch für den pandemischen Impfstoff Celtura kommerziell genutzt.
M2‐Inhibitoren und Neuraminidase‐Inhibitoren. Wirkstoffe gegen Grippe
Authors: Klebe Gerhard , Schlitzer Martin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie ersten Grippetherapeutika waren die M2‐Hemmstoffe Amantadin und Rimantadin. Aufgrund weitreichender Resistenzen hat sich ihr Wert mittlerweile deutlich reduziert. Neuraminidase‐Inhibitoren sind ein schönes Beispiel für ein erfolgreiches strukturbasiertes Wirkstoffdesign. Jedoch nehmen auch hier die Resistenzen zu. Neuraminidase‐Inhibitoren werden kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Hier befinden sich die Wirkstoffentwickler in einem Wettlauf mit der Wandlungsfähigkeit des Virus.
Wie sicher war die Oseltamivir‐Versorgung in Zeiten der Grippe‐Pandemie? Industrielle Oseltamivir‐Synthese
Authors: Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie Synthese des stereochemisch anspruchsvollen Oseltamivir ist an sich schon eine Herausforderung. Im Fall der Grippepandemien muss der Arzneistoff in kürzester Zeit im Tonnenmaßstab hergestellt werden. Nur Hoffmann‐La Roche, die über die Lizenz für Oseltamivir verfügen, war in der Lage, diese Herausforderung zu bewältigen. Obgleich die anfänglich kalkulierten 400 Millionen Therapiezyklen nicht hergestellt worden sind, hat nie Knappheit an Oseltamivir bestanden.
RNA‐Interferenz‐Test zur Auffindung neuer Targets. Neuartige Hochdurchsatz‐Screening‐Technik
Authors: Schmitz Jens 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMittels RNA‐Interferenz kann die Expression spezifischer Gene sehr effizient reguliert bzw. komplett inhibiert werden. Durch den Einsatz von genomweiten RNA‐Interferenz‐Screening‐Techniken im Hochdurchsatzverfahren können auf diese Weise humane Gene identifiziert werden, die für zentrale biologische Prozesse in Zellen verantwortlich sind und die Basis zum Verständnis molekularer Ursachen humaner Krankheiten bilden. Außerdem können neue Zielstrukturen für Wirkstoffe, z.B. gegen Influenzavirus‐Infektionen, entdeckt werden. Dies macht die Entwicklung neuer erfolgversprechender Therapiestrategien möglich.
Gefäßzerstörung in der Tumortherapie
Authors: Berger S. , Bourdy S. , Hergaden B. , Schmitt J. , Zündorf I. , Dingermann T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEin recht erfolgreicher Ansatz in der Tumortherapie ist die Inhibition der Angiogenese. Hierfür sind bereits einige Wirkstoffe auf dem Markt. Nun wird mit der Zerstörung bereits bestehender Gefäße auch noch ein anderes Therapiekonzept verfolgt. Für die neue Wirkstoffgruppe wurde auch ein passendes Kürzel gefunden: VDA für vascular disrupting agents.
Proteinflexibilität der Neuraminidase öffnet neue Möglichkeiten für die Wirkstoffentwicklung
Authors: von Grafenstein Susanne , Liedl Klaus R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObwohl bereits Neuraminidase‐Inhibitoren auf dem Markt sind, bleibt das Oberflächenprotein Neuraminidase weiterhin ein spannendes Forschungsobjekt, denn Einblicke in die Proteinflexibilität bieten neue Möglichkeiten für die Entwicklung von Neuraminidase‐Inhibitoren.
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome presenting with early onset recurrent acute hemorrhagic edema and hyperostosis
Authors: Chandrakasan Shanmuganathan , Singh Surjit , Dogra Sunil , Delaunay Jean , Proust Alexis , Minz Ranjana W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe report two unusual presenting manifestations of Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS), recurrent acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI); a form of cutaneous vasculitis and hyperostosis of the tibia. Though cutaneous vasculitis is known to occur in WAS, presentation in early infancy and as AHEI is extremely uncommon. Hyperostosis is not a well‐recognized association in WAS; only three patients with this association have been previously reported. In our patient these two unusual manifestations preceded the onset of recurrent infections. Recognition of this rare presentation led us to an early diagnosis of WAS, associated with p.Glu31Lys mutation in the WAS protein. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:1130–1132. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complementary and alternative therapy use in pediatric oncology patients with failure of frontline chemotherapy
Authors: Paisley Margot A. , Kang Tammy I. , Insogna Iris G. , Rheingold Susan R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe use of CAM by the relapsed pediatric oncology population has largely gone unstudied. The main objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of and change in CAM use in oncology patients for whom frontline therapy had failed. Secondary objectives included describing patient/family objectives for using CAM, satisfaction with CAM, financial and time expenditures on CAM, and patient desire for physician involvement in CAM use.ProcedureFifty‐four patients 0–25 years of age, for whom frontline therapy had failed, were enrolled. The subjects completed an anonymous one‐time self‐administered questionnaire.ResultsEighty‐two percent of respondents reported using CAM, 52% of which reported initiating or increasing CAM use after failure of frontline therapy. The most commonly used CAM categories were prayer/spiritual healing (83%) and oral/dietary supplements (31%). Prayer/spiritual healing was most commonly used to cure or slow the progression of cancer (59%). Oral/dietary supplements were used to improve overall health and well‐being (65%). Estimates of money and time spent ranged from $0 to >$1,275 (median $225) and 1 to >700 hr (median 10 hr). Sixty percent of CAM users reported their oncologist was unaware of their use. Most participants who used non‐spiritual/prayer CAM continued use while hospitalized or while receiving chemotherapy.ConclusionsUnderstanding usage patterns may better help pediatric oncologists and palliative‐care specialists address the needs of this population, and protect against potentially dangerous drug interactions or side effects from combined CAM and chemotherapy use. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:1088–1091. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Augmented therapy improves outcome for pediatric high risk acute lymphocytic leukemia: Results of Children's Oncology Group trial P9906
Authors: Bowman W. Paul , Larsen Eric L. , Devidas Meenakshi , Linda Stephen B. , Blach Laurie , Carroll Andrew J. , Carroll William L. , Pullen D. Jeanette , Shuster Jonathan , Willman Cheryl L. , Winick Naomi , Camitta Bruce M. , Hunger Stephen P. , Borowitz Michael J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe augmented BFM regimen improves outcome for children with NCI high acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Patient age, sex, and presenting white blood cell count (WBC) can be used to identify a subset of approximately 12% of children with B‐precursor ALL that had a 5‐year continuous complete remission (CCR) rate of only about 50% on earlier Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) trials.ProceduresChildren's Oncology Group trial P9906 evaluated a modified augmented BFM regimen in 267 patients with particularly high risk B‐precursor ALL. Minimal residual disease (MRD) was assessed in blood at day 8 and in marrow at day 29 of induction and correlated with outcome.ResultsThe 5‐year CCR probability for patients in P9906 was significantly better than that observed for similar patients on POG trials 8602/9006 (62.2 ± 3.7% vs. 50.6 ± 2.4%; P = 0.0007) but similar to POG 9406 (63.5 ± 2.4%; P = 0.81). Interim analysis showed poor central nervous system (CNS) control, especially in patients with initial WBC ≥100,000/microliter. Day 29 marrow MRD positive (≥0.01%) vs. negative patients had 5 year CCR rates of 37.1 ± 7.4% vs. 72.6 ± 4.3%; day 8 blood MRD positive vs. negative patients had 5 year CCR rates of 57.1 ± 4.6% vs.83.6 ± 6.3%. End induction marrow MRD predicted marrow but not CNS relapse. In multivariate analysis, day 29 MRD > 0.01%, initial WBC ≥ 100,000/µl, male gender, and day 8 blood MRD > 0.01% were significant prognostic factors.ConclusionsAugmented BFM therapy improved outcome for children with higher risk ALL. Day 8 blood and day 29 marrow MRD were strong prognostic factors in these patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 569–577. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Jordan
Authors: Halalsheh Hadeel , Abuirmeileh Najyah , Rihani Rawad , Bazzeh Faiha , Zaru Luna , Madanat Faris 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundAccurate data about childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in low‐ and middle‐income countries are lacking. Our study is designed to assess survival of childhood ALL at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) using modified St. Jude Children's Research Hospital protocols.Patients and methodsWe reviewed the medical records of children 1–18 years of age who were diagnosed with ALL and treated at KHCC from January 2003 through December 2009. Disease characteristics and outcome were analyzed.ResultsOver a 7‐year period, 300 children with ALL were treated. One hundred and seventy‐three (57.7%) were males and 127 (42.3%) were females. The median age at diagnosis was 5 years. One hundred and fifty‐seven (52.3%) children were classified as low‐risk, 118 (39.3%) were standard‐risk and 25 (8.3%) were high‐risk. Two hundred and sixty‐two (88.5%) children had pre‐B cell phenotype and 34 (11.5%) had T‐cell phenotype. Two hundred and seventy‐three (91.3%) children were classified as having CNS I disease, 24 (8%) had CNS II, and 2 (0.67%) had CNS III. Cytogenetic abnormalities included: t(12;21) in 30 (12%) children and t(9;22) in 18 (7.4%). Four (1.3%) children died in induction, 6 (2%) died in first remission and 27 (9%) relapsed. After a median follow‐up of 34.5 months (range 0.32–84.5), the estimated 5‐year event free survival and overall survival were 80% and 89%, respectively.ConclusionTreatment protocols developed by major cooperative groups and institutions to treat childhood ALL was successfully adapted and suggest that such an approach may be useful in other low‐ and middle‐income countries. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 385–391. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical impact of the baseline echocardiogram in children with high‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Avelar Taurino , Pauliks Linda B. , Freiberg Andrew S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundIt is common practice to hold anthracycline induction chemotherapy in children with high‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HR‐ALL) until an echocardiogram is performed and interpreted. It is unclear whether withholding therapy in HR‐ALL children is justified by echocardiogram findings. We reviewed the initial echocardiograms in a cohort of children with HR‐ALL to determine the incidence of contraindications for anthracycline treatment.ProcedureWe identified 50 consecutive children (<21 years old) with HR‐ALL presenting at our institution over a 10‐year period. One didn't have an initial echocardiogram, 39 had pre‐therapy studies, and 10 were studied within 6 days of beginning chemotherapy. These 49 studies were reviewed to determine the incidence and clinical significance of abnormalities.ResultsAll 49 patients had normal cardiac function. Initial echocardiogram findings had no impact on induction chemotherapy administration in any patient. However, only 22(45%) of the studies were completely normal. Echocardiographic abnormalities included pericardial effusion (17/49), trivial or mild mitral or aortic insufficiency (13/49), left ventricular enlargement (3/49), and structural heart disease (4/49). Twelve percent of the children had a patent foramen ovale. None of the cardiac findings required therapeutic intervention other than repositioning of indwelling lines (6/49) due to intracardiac positioning.ConclusionsIn our experience, findings on echocardiograms in childhood HR‐ALL did not impact anthracycline administration. This study suggests that induction chemotherapy should not be delayed for an echocardiogram. However, whenever possible, a pre‐therapy echocardiogram is still recommended for determining baseline function and to identify associated problems like pericardial effusions which were common in this study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 227–230. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone marrow aspiration technique may have an impact on therapy stratification in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Helgestad Jon , Rosthøj Steen , Johansen Preben , Varming Kim , Østergaard Erik 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundMorphological evaluation of early response to chemotherapy and measurement of minimal residual disease by flow cytometry or PCR are being used for evaluation of prognosis and treatment stratification in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).ProcedureIn a series of 14 consecutive bone marrow investigations from children with precursor B‐cell ALL, morphological evaluations of smears and flow cytometric measurements of minimal residual disease in sequentially aspirated small (2 ml) and large (5–10 ml) volumes of bone marrow were compared, at various time points during therapy.ResultsThe density of nucleated cells was markedly reduced in the large volume aspirate. The percentage of erythroblasts measured by flow cytometry was smaller, indicating dilution with peripheral cells. Similarly, the blast percentage was reduced with 54% in large aspirates, and in four instances with minimal residual disease of >0.1% in the small volume, the level of blasts in the large aspirate was below this limit.ConclusionsThe amount of minimal residual disease should be measured in the first 2.5 ml of bone marrow aspirated from one puncture site. The procedure should be performed by experienced and carefully instructed doctors. In large aspirates, minimal residual disease will be underestimated, which may lead to failure to undertake a required intensification of therapy and a lower fraction of high risk patients in the trial. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 224–226. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral rapamycin in the treatment of patients with hamartoma syndromes and PTEN mutation
Authors: Iacobas Ionela , Burrows Patricia E. , Adams Denise M. , Sutton Vernon R. , Hollier Larry H. , Chintagumpala Murali M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBannayan–Riley–Ruvacalba syndrome (BRRS) belongs to the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes and is characterized by a high risk of malignancy in early adulthood added to local destructive effects of hamartomas in childhood. There is no standard treatment for this condition and patients are usually offered symptomatic surgical relief. Rapamycin has been reported to be effective in the management of other conditions associated with PTEN mutation. We report here a case of BRRS in a 6‐year‐old male with progressive loss of function of left hand and forearm associated with pain. He was treated with oral rapamycin and regained pain‐free full mobility. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 321–323. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.