bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Associated Polymorphisms Regulate Expression of Adjacent Transcripts in Transformed Lymphocytes, Adipose, and Muscle from Caucasian and African-American Subjects
Authors: Sharma Neeraj K. , Langberg Kurt A. , Mondal Ashis K. , Elbein Steven C. , Das Swapan K. 
Published: November 2010

abstract

Context:
Genome-wide association scans (GWAS) have identified novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that increase T2D susceptibility and indicated the role of nearby genes in T2D pathogenesis.

Objective:
We hypothesized that T2D-associated SNPs act as cis-regulators of nearby genes in human tissues and that expression of these transcripts may correlate with metabolic traits, including insulin sensitivity (SI).

Design, Settings, and Patients:
Association of SNPs with the expression of their nearest transcripts was tested in adipose and muscle from 168 healthy individuals who spanned a broad range of SI and body mass index (BMI) and in transformed lymphocytes (TLs). We tested correlations between the expression of these transcripts in adipose and muscle with metabolic traits. Utilizing allelic expression imbalance (AEI) analysis we examined the presence of other cis-regulators for those transcripts in TLs.

Results:
SNP rs9472138 was significantly (P = 0.037) associated with the expression of VEGFA in TLs while rs6698181 was detected as a cis-regulator for the PKN2 in muscle (P = 0.00027) and adipose (P = 0.018). Significant association was also observed for rs17036101 (P = 0.001) with expression of SYN2 in adipose of Caucasians. Among 19 GWAS-implicated transcripts, expression of VEGFA in adipose was correlated with BMI (r = −0.305) and SI (r = 0.230). Although only a minority of the T2D-associated SNPs were validated as cis-eQTLs for nearby transcripts, AEI analysis indicated presence of other cis-regulatory polymorphisms in 54% of these transcripts.

Conclusions:
Our study suggests that a small subset of GWAS-identified SNPs may increase T2D susceptibility by modulating expression of nearby transcripts in adipose or muscle.
Quantitative determination of haptoglobin glycoform variants in psoriasis
Authors: Maresca Bernardetta , Cigliano Luisa , Corsaro Maria M. , Pieretti Giuseppina , Natale Massimo , Bucci Enrico M. , Dal Piaz Fabrizio , Balato Nicola , Nino Massimiliano , Ayala Fabio , Abrescia Paolo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHaptoglobin is an acute phase glycoprotein, secreted by hepatocytes and other types of cells including keratinocytes. Haptoglobin has been suggested to impair the immune response, inhibit gelatinases in the extracellular matrix and promote angiogenesis, but its role in psoriasis is obscure to date. Changes in haptoglobin glycan structure were observed in several diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether haptoglobin displays glycan variations in psoriasis. We found that the pattern of plasma haptoglobin glycoforms, following two-dimensional electrophoresis, exhibited significant quantitative differences in spot intensities between patients and controls. Quantitative and qualitative differences in glycan mass, between patients and controls, were found by mass spectrometry of glycopeptides from tryptic digests of protein isolated from both patients and controls. The number of distinct fucosylated glycoforms of peptides NLFLNHSENATAK and MVSHHNLTTGATLINEQWLLTTAK was higher in patients than in controls, but no fucosylated glycan was detected on peptide VVLHPNYSQ-VDIGLIK in either case. The number of peptides with distinct triantennary and tetraantennary glycans was higher in patients than in controls. Abundance or structure of specific glycans, which are present in haptoglobin from patients and are different or missing in normal haptoglobin, might be associated with disease activity.
Characterization of plant miRNAs and small RNAs derived from potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) in infected tomato
Authors: Diermann Natalie , Matoušek Jaroslav , Junge Markus , Riesner Detlev , Steger Gerhard 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTo defend against invading pathogens, plants possess RNA silencing mechanisms involving small RNAs (miRNAs, siRNAs). Also viroids – plant infectious, non-coding, unencapsidated RNA – cause the production of viroid-specific small RNAs (vsRNA), but viroids do escape the cytoplasmic silencing mechanism. Viroids with minor sequence variations can produce different symptoms in infected plants, suggesting an involvement of vsRNAs in symptom production. We analyzed by deep sequencing the spectrum of vsRNAs induced by the PSTVd strain AS1, which causes strong symptoms such as dwarfing and necrosis upon infection of tomato plants cv Rutgers. Indeed, vsRNAs found with highest frequency mapped to the pathogenicity-modulating domain of PSTVd, supporting an involvement of vsRNAs in symptom production. Furthermore, in PSTVd AS1-infected plants the accumulation of some endogenous miRNAs, which are involved in leaf development via regulation of transcription factors, is suppressed. The latter finding supports the hypothesis that a miRNA-dependent (mis)regula-tion of transcription factors causes the viroid symptoms.
Ischemia modified albumin changes – review and clinical implications
Authors: Sbarouni Eftihia , Georgiadou Panagiota , Voudris Vassilis 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Ischemia modified albumin (IMA), as measured using the albumin cobalt binding test, is currently the most promising biomarker for early detection of ischemia before the onset of irreversible cardiac injury. This paper reviews the information available on IMA, including its pathophysiology, analysis, clinical applications and future perspectives. The data provided was identified by a search of MEDLINE using the terms IMA, biomarkers and ischemia. IMA may be useful to cover the complete diagnostic window of patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in the Emergency Department, along with the electrocardiogram and cardiac troponins. Preliminary data regarding the significance of IMA in the prognosis of either ACS or following revascularization need further study.
Hardy's inequality in the scope of Dirichlet forms
Authors: Belhadjrhouma Nedra , Ben Amor Ali 
Published: November 2010

Abstract.
We revisit Hardy's inequality in the scope of regular Dirichlet forms
following an analytical method. We shall give an alternative necessary and sufficient
condition for the occurrence of Hardy's inequality. A special emphasis
will be given for the case where
the Dirichlet form under consideration is strongly local, extending therefore some known results
in the Euclidean case.
Lifetime Calculation of Thermo-Mechanically Loaded Materials (Al, Cu, Ni, and Fe Alloys) Based on Empirical Methods
Authors: Koeberl H. , Winter G. , Eichlseder W. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Cyclic loading of metallic engineering components at constant elevated or fluctuating temperatures causes a complex evolution of damage, which cannot be described easily. In many engineering components, thermo-mechanical loading occurs, e.g., cooling components in metallurgy and metal forming, turbine blades, cylinder heads, exhaust systems, etc. At the same time, the thermal expansion is restricted in some regions due to the complex geometry of the components. Therefore, mechanical stresses take place, and the cyclic plastic deformation leads to thermo-mechanical fatigue of the material. A careful analysis and comparison of the experimental results, based on a systematic variation of the relevant influence factors, allow to develop empirical models for computing the fatigue life of thermo-mechanically loaded components made of AlSi cast alloys, Cu alloy, Ni alloy, and cast iron. Based on stress-strain loops from low cycle fatigue tests at different temperatures, a nonlinear combined material model was adopted to describe the cyclic deformation behavior. The simulated loading parameters of stress and strain were the basis for the subsequent lifetime simulation. Different lifetime approaches were tested and analyzed to fulfill the requirements for the fatigue analysis of components made of these alloys. In particular, strain based criteria, damage parameters as well as hysteresis energy criteria were investigated. Also, a new energy based parameter was developed to optimize the scatter band and standard deviation. In order to verify the simulation model for components, numerical results have to be compared, and—if necessary—it also has to be adapted to experimental results from component tests. In addition, the model parameters can be optimized by using these results.
Circuit Analog RF-Visual Antireflection Coatings
Authors: Abueg Nicole L. , Delfeld Thomas 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe Boeing Company has developed a unique nanotechnology for antireflective coatings that can perform at near grazing angles (∼80°), in the long wave infrared (LWIR). This technology has been validated through mathematical modeling and the fabrication and testing of small scale components. The coatings were designed to perform best at 10 micron wavelengths, and moderately well over the 8 to 12 micron region. The technology is based upon a circuit analog sheet (capacitive) buried within a dielectric, to produce a reflection that adds out of phase with respect to the face sheet reflection. Since the TE component of the reflection is highest near grazing, the sheet is designed to primarily affect that polarization (low impedance) while leaving the TM wave unaffected (high impedance).When desired, in order to improve the TM transmission as well as TE, two layers are used at different depths. This dual-layer approach has also been modeled (in closed form), fabricated and tested. Also, explored in this paper, are the impacts of a design that works well azimuthally at grazing angles.Until recently, the above solution was limited to RF frequencies, but with advances in fabrication it has become possible to fabricate very small nanostructures that operate in LWIR using traditional thin-film vacuum deposition techniques. It is envisioned that eventually such a concept could be used in the visual regime via self assembly.
Realization of Electrically Small Patch Antennas Loaded with Metamaterials
Authors: Strickland D. , Pruitt J. , Helffrich J. , Martinez E. , Nance B. , Griffith L. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTWe have built and tested electrically small (∼γ/10) resonant patch antennas as proposed in recent literature [1, 2]. The metamaterial array loading the antennas formed a rough cylinder axially enclosed by a patch antenna and a ground plane. The fill ratio, or ratio of the metamaterial array's radius to the patch radius, was less than one. Given a particular negative permeability metamaterial (copper spiral rings printed on circuit board in this case), the fill ratio dictates the lower of two resonant frequencies of the antenna. The higher frequency resonance is characteristic of the patch.We observed that each of the antennas radiated at two resonant frequencies, as predicted. The lower frequency resonance disappeared when the metamaterial was removed. We built two versions of this antenna, one (Design I) with a lower resonant frequency of 756 MHz and higher resonant frequency of 3.3 GHz, and a second antenna (Design II) with a lower resonant frequency of 385 MHz and higher resonant frequency of 1.8 GHz. Because we were interested in reducing the size of patch antennas, we focused on the lower frequency resonances in this work. The antennas' return loss was measured at -23 dB and -28 dB, the gains were -11 dBi and -13 dBi, and the return loss was less than -10 dB over bandwidths of 4.7% and 1.8% for the lower frequency resonances of Design I and Design II, respectively.We also predicted the trend of increasing resonant frequency with decreased metamaterial fill ratio. We varied the fill ratio was by changing the patch size while maintaining the same metamaterial array. As predicted, resonant frequency increased with increasing patch size, an opposite trend to what one would expect without the loading metamaterial. Altering the patch size allows simple tuning during the assembly and test process.
Miniaturization of Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures with Thin Film Dielectrics for Si Interposer Applications
Authors: Takemura Koichi , Ando Noriaki , Toyao Hiroshi , Manako Takashi , Tsukagoshi Tsuneo 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTWe have developed miniaturized electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures on Si having a stopband that covers the 2.4 GHz band. By combining thin film dielectrics with inductance-enhanced EBG structures, the unit cell size can be reduced to 1 mm × 1 mm or less. Like the EBG structures embedded in conventional printed circuit boards, the stopbands can be designed using the transmission-line theory. The developed EBG structures can be integrated into Si interposers to suppress power noise.
Refraction Indices of Non-Uniform Systems from the First Principles
Authors: Pozhar Liudmila A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTA novel, first-principle theoretical approach and synergetic computational methods designed to predict electronic and magnetic transport properties of strongly spatially inhomogeneous systems, including small quantum dots and wires (QDs and QWs, respectively), and molecules, have been developed recently. This approach is based on a many-body quantum theoretical formalism - a projection operator method due to Zubarev and Tserkovnikov (ZT) - formulated in terms of the equilibrium, two-time temperature Green functions (or TTGFs). There are several significant advantages of this approach, as compared to traditional non-equilibrium two-time thermodynamic and field-theoretical Green's function (NGF) methods that are currently used to study electronic and magnetic transport properties of strongly spatially inhomogeneous systems. In particular, the TTGFs are directly related to experimentally assessable microscopic charge, spin and microcurrent densities.In the work reported here the TTGF-based approach has been used to derive a fundamental, yet tractable expression for the space-time Fourier transform of the tensor of quasi-local refraction indices (TRI) from the first principles. The TTGFs necessary to predict TRI can be calculated using quantum statistical mechanical means, modeling and simulations, and experimental data. Applications of the theoretical predictions for TRI open new prospects in materials design. In particular, the derived theoretical expression for TRI can be used to guide experimental synthesis of structured materials and systems with both direction- and position-dependent indices of refraction in desirable frequency ranges.
All-dielectric metamaterials: simulation of nanorod and arrays
Authors: Poklonskaya Elena , Poplavko Yuriy , Suchaneck Gunnar , Gerlach Gerald 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTIn this work, scattered electric and magnetic fields of all-dielectric metamaterials were derived using a commercial RF finite-element partial differential equations solver. We present the implementation of rod-type composites consisting of a mixture of two components: the first one, which is called guest, is made of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) and the second one, the host, made of SiO2. Analysis includes both the scattering effect, well described by the MIE theory, and dielectric inhomogeneous structure properties, determined using the MAXWELL-GARNETT approximation.
Systematic Behaviors of ab-plane Pinning Variations in a Practical Length Wire Fabricated by the MOD/RABiTS Process
Authors: Coulter J. Yates , Reagor David W. , Willis Jeffrey O. , Holesinger Terry G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn-field critical current Ic variations, detected using a short sample, angular Ic(77K, H=5.2kOe, Angle) measurement on the ends of a 20 m coated conductor tape fabricated by the MOD / RABiTS process, are shown to be variations in the Ic(H) anisotropy that exist on subcentimeter length scales. A Ic(75 K, H, Angle) study was performed on segments cut from the tape where the power law exponent of the field dependence, α, Ic ∼H−α was calculated for Ic(H, Angle) data. Two extrema behaviors, anisotropic and isotropic, were identified. The isotropic material is shown to outperform the anisotropic material for a wide range of fields and angles at T=26 K.
Optimization of minute doping of Y1−xRExBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films with RE = Tb and Nd
Authors: Reichart J.N. , Thomas E.L. , Haugan T.J. , Song X. , Ruter-Schoppman B. M. , Barnes P.N. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDoping of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) has become an effective means of increasing the flux pinning and critical current densities (Jc) in thin film superconductors, while maintaining the transition temperature (Tc). In previous research efforts, our group showed that doping (Y1−xREx)BCO with typically deleterious rare earth (RE) elements can be used to improve the fil's current density via flux pinning when the x molar additions are less than 1%. However, data was only presented for different orders of magnitude (x = 0.1%, 1.0%, 10%) without consideration of optimization. The research presented here demonstrates that the deleterious RE elements can differ greatly in how broad the range of optimal doping concentration is, in addition to the relative doping concentration. Rare-earth elements Nd and Tb were compared due to the difference in degradation mechanisms: Nd additions results in Ba site substitution and Tb123 exhibits poor phase formation. Thin films of Nd and Tb doped YBCO films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using standard deposition parameters for plain YBCO. The compositions studied were (Y1−xREx)BCO where x was varied from 0.0001 to 0.025 for Nd and 0.005 to 0.015 for Tb. Targets for PLD were prepared using solid state reaction and sintering procedures. All films were characterized for Jc and Tc by vibrating sample magnetometry. Data for Jc(H,T) and Tc were compared to undoped YBCO films processed under the same conditions. The results show a measurable increase in flux pinning for both different concentrations and range of Nd and Tb doping, with little decrease in Tc.
Study on Resistance Increase Trends and Recovery Characteristics of YBCO Thin-film Wire According to Insulation Layer
Authors: Du Ho Ik , Han Byoung Sung , Kim Yong Jin , Lee Dong Hyeok , Song Sang Seob 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTo apply the superconducting wire to power machines, it is necessary to conduct research on the characteristics of wire phase changes in connection with insulating layers. In this study, according to the presence or absence of insulating layers in the wire, and to the thickness of such layers, the wire's resistance increase trends and the characteristics of its recovery from quenching were examined by current-applied cycle at the temperatures of 90 K, 180 K and 250 K. Towards this end, YBCO thin-film wires that have the same critical temperatures and that have copper and stainless-steel stabilizing layers were prepared. One level and three and five levels of superior-performance polyimide pressure-sensitive adhesive tape was attached to the wires at a very low temperature. The eight prepared test samples were wound around the linear frames, then the wire's voltage and current created owing to the phase change characteristics were measured at each prescribed temperature, using the four-point probe method. Further, near the examination temperatures of 90 K, 180 K and 250 K the wire's resistance and recovery characteristics were examined by cycle.
Role of Mesoporous TiO2 Surface States and Metal Oxide Treatment on Charge Transport of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Shanmugam Mariyappan , Bills Braden , Baroughi Mahdi Farrokh 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPhotovoltaic performance of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was enhanced by 19 and 69 % compared to untreated DSSC by treating the nanoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) by ultra thin Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and Hafnium oxide (HfO2) grown by atomic layer deposition method. Activation energy of dark current, obtained from the temperature dependent current-voltage (I-V-T), of the untreated DSSC was 1.03 eV on the other hand the DSSCs with Al2O3 and HfO2 surface treatment showed 1.27 and 1.31 eV respectively. A significant change in the activation energy of dark current, over 0.24 eV for Al2O3 treatment and 0.28 eV in case of HfO2 treatment, suggest that density and activity of surface states on nanoporous TiO2 was suppressed by ALD grown metal oxides to result improved photovoltaic performance. Further the enhanced DSSC performance was confirmed by external quantum efficiency measurement in the wavelength range of 350-750 nm.
Sensitizer Effects on the Transport Properties of Polymer:Sensitizer Organic Blend
Authors: Aleman Karina , Mansurova Svetlana , Kosarev Andrey , Rodriguez Ponciano , Meerholz Klaus , Koeber Sebastian 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this work we studied the effect of sensitizer concentration on a mobility-lifetime product μτ, on photoconductivity response time ph τph, and on drift mobility μ of the majority carriers in an organic polymer:sensitizer blend. The intensity modulated photocurrent and photo-EMF technique were used as experimental tools for this purpose. The studied material consists of a mixture of the novel non-conjugated main chain hole-transporting polymer PFO6:PDA (Poly(N,N'-bis(4-hexyloxyphenyl)-N'-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl)phenylen-1,4- diamine) sensitized with the highly soluble C60 derivative PCBM (phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) in the range from Z = 1 to 40 wt.-%. It was experimentally observed that (1) at the increasing sensitizer concentration the overall photoconductivity increases; (2) the majority carrier type switches from holes to electrons at approximately 2:1 polymer:sensitizer ratio; (3) the holes response time becomes shorter at the decreasing polymer fraction, while the electrons lifetime is only slightly dependent on sensitizer concentration; (4) the hole mobility-lifetime product decreases at the decreasing concentration of hole transporting component (polymer), while the electrons mobility-lifetime product increases at the increasing concentration of the electron transporting component (sensitizer); (5) the same is true for the carriers mobilities.
COMPOSITE STEEL AND CONCRETE BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION IN SOUTHERN RHODESIA.
Authors: MASON A F , DUNCAN M A G 
Published: November 2010

An attempt is made through the Paper to introduce, as a basis for discussion, design standards for composite structural steel and reinforced concrete decks for. modem highway bridges. The Paper describes the design standards developed by the Authors in the absence of any current code to cover the increasing number of composite structures now being erected in Southern Rhodesia. The Authors have drawn heavily on previously published technical information from both British and American sources, and have endeavoured to compile an ad hoc code to suit the prevailing conditions in the Federation. Little opportunity has been available for experimental work to verify several unsolved problems. The question of the dynamic stability of decks subject to a relatively high live-load/dead-load ratio, the possibility of incorporating prestressed precast concrete units in the composite compression zone, the prestressinogf steel during construction, and the effective slab width and transverse distribution usingo pen frames, are subjects which the Authors would like to devote considerable time to in the experimental and research laboratory, particularly in the sphere of continuity.