bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Surface‐Charge Study on Cellular‐Uptake Behavior of F3‐Peptide‐Conjugated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yang Mo , Park Ji‐Ho , Singelyn Jennifer , Ma Huiqing , Sailor Michael J. , Ruoslahti Erkki , Ozkan Mihrimah , Ozkan Cengiz 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSurface‐charge measurements of mammalian cells in terms of Zeta potential are demonstrated as a useful biological characteristic in identifying cellular interactions with specific nanomaterials. A theoretical model of the changes in Zeta potential of cells after incubation with nanoparticles is established to predict the possible patterns of Zeta‐potential change to reveal the binding and internalization effects. The experimental results show a distinct pattern of Zeta‐potential change that allows the discrimination of human normal breast epithelial cells (MCF‐10A) from human cancer breast epithelial cells (MCF‐7) when the cells are incubated with dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles that contain tumor‐homing F3 peptides, where the tumor‐homing F3 peptide specifically bound to nucleolin receptors that are overexpressed in cancer breast cells.
Time‐dependent exposure of nicotine and smoke modulate ultrasubcellular organelle localization of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the rat caudate‐putamen
Authors: Naha N. , Li S.P. , Yang B.C. , Park T.J. , Kim M.O. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe correlation of the subcellular localization of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors (DA D1 R, DA D2 R) with nicotine addiction has not been studied. We demonstrated the ultrasubcellular organelle localization of DA D1 and D2 Rs in the caudate‐putamen (CPu) area of rat brain in vivo exposed to nicotine (3 mg/day; oral) and passive cigarette smoking (500 ml each; 3 times/day) for 1, 4, and 12 weeks, respectively. Our results revealed DA D1 R localization in the presynaptic and postsynaptic dendrites, endocytic vesicles, and secretory granules, and DA D2 R localization in the presynaptic dendrites and vesicles. DA D1 R immunogold particles were highly decreased in the secretory granules of CPu, and increased in the postsynaptic area and vesicles after prolonged nicotine and smoking exposures, suggesting the strong influence of long time smoking and nicotine exposures on DA D1 R subcellular organelle localization. DA D2 R immunoreactivity was comparatively less changed than that of the DA D1 R. Western blot analysis also showed the differential expression of DA D1 and D2 R proteins upon nicotine and smoking exposures as compared to the untreated controls. Taken together, the results for the first time suggests the execution of addictive behavior of nicotine through modulation of mesolimbic dopaminergic system targeting subcellular organelle of DA D1 and D2 Rs in the CPu of adult rat brain that may lead to novel therapeutic approaches related to nicotine's neuropsychological disorders including drug addiction. Synapse 63:847–854, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bridging the economic divide in the Republic of South Africa: A corporate social responsibility perspective
Authors: Babarinde Olufemi A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAlmost 15 years since the end of apartheid rule in the Republic of South Africa, the society is still profoundly bifurcated today as it was in 1994 when the first nonracial general elections were held. A majority of the population is impoverished, official unemployment is staggering, the economy has cooled, wealth/income is grossly unevenly distributed (particularly along racial lines), crime has soared, HIV/AIDS is debilitating, and the population is getting restless. This inquiry discusses how and what the business community is doing in the manner of “giving back” to the community, via corporate social responsibility, to help ameliorate the untenable situation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical simulations of wake characteristics of a wind turbine in uniform inflow
Authors: Troldborg Niels , Sorensen Jens N. , Mikkelsen Robert 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe wake of a wind turbine operating in a uniform inflow at various tip speed ratios is simulated using a numerical method, which combines large eddy simulations with an actuator line technique. The computations are carried out in a numerical mesh with about 8.4·106 grid points distributed to facilitate detailed studies of basic features of both the near and far wake, including distributions of interference factors, vortex structures and formation of instabilities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Socio‐Demographic Correlates of Fear of Crime and the Social Context of Contemporary Urban China
Authors: Liu Jianhong , Messner Steven F. , Zhang Lening , Zhuo Yue 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPrevious research in the West has established major socio‐demographic correlates of fear of crime. The interpretation of these correlates is typically based on the concept of physical or social vulnerability of individuals. These correlates are implicitly regarded as invariant to social or community contexts, reflecting universal human behavioral patterns. The present study argues that social change may alter patterns of perceptions associated with fear among socio‐demographic groups, thus affecting socio‐demographic correlates of fear of crime. We explore how social changes in China have created a generational gap that influences the effects of age and education on fear of crime. The study finds that, in contrast with the well‐established patterns in Western communities, the young and educated exhibit a higher level of fear of crime in urban China than their counterparts. The study also finds that consistent with Western literature, females are fearful and that personal victimization experience increases the level of fear. We discuss the social and community processes that produce these interesting patterns.
Preparation of Novel Cationic Surfactants from Epichlorohydrin: their Surface Properties and Biological Activities
Authors: Mohamed A. S. , Mohamed M. Z. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA novel series of mono‐quaternary ammonium salts was prepared by the reaction of fatty esters of methyldiethanolamine with epichlorohydrin in the presence of amine hydrochloride. The ease of the reaction with epichlorohydrin was found to be due to the assistance of amine hydrochloride in opening the epoxide ring and to neighboring‐group participation by the hydroxyl group of the mono‐ammonium salt in the quaternization step. The surface properties of the prepared compounds and their biological activities were measured. The prepared compounds had good water solubility and showed characteristic surface active properties.
Effect of Temperature and Other Variables on the Optimum Formulation of Anionic Extended Surfactant–Alkane–Brine Systems
Authors: Velásquez Josmary , Scorzza Cesar , Vejar Francia , Forgiarini Ana M. , Antón Raquel E. , Salager Jean‐Louis 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAnionic extended surfactants of the alkyl polypropylene oxide sulfate type are found to obey the linear correlation lnS =kACN for optimum formulation (three‐phase behavior) of ionic surfactant–oil–water systems, with akvalue essentially the same as forn‐alkyl sulfates. The addition ofn‐pentanol produces a shift in optimum formulation without significant change ink. An increase in temperature is found to produce a decrease in surfactant hydrophilicity, which is opposite to the expected behavior of anionic species. This trend, which is typical of nonionic surfactant behavior, is probably due to the partial hydration of the very first propylene oxide units which are located close to the anionic head group.
Chemical Characterization of the Seed and Antioxidant Activity of Various Parts of Salvadora persica
Authors: Mariod Abdalbasit Adam , Matthäus Bertrand , Hussein I. H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study investigated the fatty acid, tocopherol, sterol and total phenolic compounds of Salvadora percica seeds as well as the potential antioxidant activity of the leaves, bark and seedcake extracts. Two samples of S. persica seed collected from Kordofan (sandy soil) and Gezira (heavy clay soil) states in Sudan were used. The predominant fatty acids were 14:0, 16:0 and 18:1 representing 45.50, 35.12 and 10.20% for Kordofan and 45.20, 34.49 and 10.66% for Gezira samples. Gamma‐tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol in both samples representing 61.3 and 61.7% of the total tocopherols, respectively, followed by α‐tocopherol at 21.1 and 20.2%, respectively. Total sterol content was 3399.6 and 3385.3 mg/kg for Kordofan and Gezira samples, respectively. Beta‐sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and Δ5‐avenasterol were predominant. The content of total phenolic compounds was determined in S. persica bark (SPB), S. persica leaves (SPL), and S. persica seedcake (SPC) extracts of each sample according to the Folin–Ciocalteau method as 111.70, 132.60, and 66.10 mg GAE/g extract for the Kordofan sample. They were found to be 105.90, 129.10 and 62.90 mg GAE/g extract in the Gezira sample, respectively. The two samples were significantly (P < 0.05) different in total phenolic content with SPL as the highest in both samples. The methanolic extracts of SPL, SPB, and SPC in both samples were markedly effective in inhibiting the oxidation of linoleic acid and subsequent bleaching of β‐carotene in comparison with the control. But they were less effective than butylated hydroxyanisole.
e-TREAM—improve your knowledge on transport
Authors: Kipp Tobias 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
e-TREAM is an e-learning tool which offers training in transport issues like mobility management and alternative fuels. The main target groups are energy agencies but everybody is welcome who is seeking to develop new skills for implementing mobility services and reducing energy consumption in the area of transport. The platform can be found via www.e-TREAM.eu.
The Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory: Psychometric properties and its relation to substance use and interpersonal style in a Dutch sample of non‐referred adolescents
Authors: Hillege Sanne , Das Jacqueline , de Ruiter Corine 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThis study presents evidence on the reliability and construct validity of the Dutch version of the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI), a self‐report instrument for psychopathic traits in adolescent boys and girls. In a sample of 776 Dutch non‐referred adolescents, the YPI was found to have good internal consistency. Furthermore, exploratory Principal Components Analysis (PCA) indicated a three‐factor structure for the YPI, including a Grandiose–manipulative, Callous–unemotional, and Impulsive–irresponsible dimension. Good internal consistency was demonstrated for all dimensions in boys as well as girls, except for the Callous–unemotional dimension. Results further indicated strong correlations between psychopathic traits and dominant and hostile interpersonal style. The Grandiose–manipulative dimension predicted dominant interpersonal behavior in boys, but not in girls. In girls, a dominant interpersonal style was predicted by the Impulsive–irresponsible dimension. Psychopathic traits, mainly the Impulsive–irresponsible dimension, were related to a higher frequency of self‐reported drug and alcohol use in boys and girls.
Effects of different extracellular matrices and co‐cultures on human limbal stem cell expansion in vitro
Authors: Ahmadiankia Naghmeh , Ebrahimi Marzieh , Hosseini Ahmad , Baharvand Hossein 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTo elucidate the effect of extracellular matrices (ECMs) and related and nonrelated‐limbal feeder cells as substitutes for the in vivo niche on the phenotype and genotype of the limbal stem cell (SC) expansion in vitro, human limbal SCs were used. The limbus explants were expanded on human amniotic membrane (AM), commercial ECMs including matrigel (MAT), collagen (COL), and control (no ECM) in presence and absence of feeder cells including human limbal fibroblasts (LFs), a limbus‐specific cell and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Proliferation, cell death, immunocytochemistry, expression of specific genes, ultrastructural characteristics, and size and granularity of expanded human limbal SCs in different groups were evaluated. The growth, cell proliferation, and survival of limbal SCs were enhanced by AM and MAT matrices. Ultrastructure and expression of stemness markers revealed that there was no significance difference between AM and MAT. However, flow cytometric analysis showed that the size and granularity of cultured cells increased in the presence of MAT and COL as well as in no ECM group. Moreover, co‐culturing of limbal explants with LFs and MEFs on AM and MAT groups, enhanced the expansion and survival of cultured cells in comparison with others. In conclusion, the cultivation of human limbal explants on AM co‐culturing with human LFs promises to be a good model for preparing undifferentiated epithelial sheets suitable for transplantation.
Adenosine deaminase activity, lipid peroxidation and astrocyte responses in the cerebral cortex of rats after neonatal hypoxia ischemia
Authors: Pimentel V.C. , Bellé L.P. , Pinheiro F.V. , De Bona K.S. , Da Luz S.C.A. , Moretto M.B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHypoxia ischemia (HI) is a common cause of damage in the fetal and neonatal brain. Lifelong disabilities such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, behavioral and learning disorders are some of the consequences of brain injury acquired in the perinatal periods. Inflammation and formation of free radicals appear to play key roles in neonatal HI. The aim of this study was to describe the chronological sequence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, the oxidative damage changes and astrocyte response using the classic model of neonatal HI. We observed an increase in the activity of ADA and lipid peroxidation in the cerebral cortex 8 days after neonatal HI. This was accompanied by a GFAP‐positive, and the degree of brain damage was determined histochemically by hematoxylin–eosin (HE). Taking into account the important anti‐inflammatory role of adenosine, ADA may provide an efficient means for scavenging cell‐surrounding adenosine and play an important part in subsequent events of neonatal HI in association with GFAP reactive gliosis. The present investigation showed that neonatal HI causes the increase of free radicals and significant damage in the cerebral cortex. The increase in ADA activity may reflect the activation of the immune system caused by HI because the morphological analysis exhibited a lymphocytic infiltration.
Prenatal auditory stimulation alters the levels of CREB mRNA, p‐CREB and BDNF expression in chick hippocampus
Authors: Chaudhury Sraboni , Wadhwa Shashi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPrenatal auditory stimulation influences the development of the chick auditory pathway and the hippocampus showing an increase in various morphological parameters as well as expression of calcium‐binding proteins. Calcium regulates the activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate‐response element binding (CREB) protein. CREB is known to play a role in development, undergo phosphorylation with neural activity as well as regulate transcription of BDNF. BDNF is important for the survival of neurons and regulates synaptic strength. Hence in the present study, we have evaluated the levels of CREB mRNA and protein along with p‐CREB protein as well as BDNF mRNA and protein levels in the chick hippocampus at embryonic days (E) 12, E16, E20 and post‐hatch day (PH) 1 following activation by prenatal auditory stimulation. Fertilized eggs were exposed to species‐specific sound or sitar music (frequency range: 100–6300 Hz) at 65 dB levels for 15 min/h over 24 h from E10 till hatching. The control chick hippocampus showed higher CREB mRNA and p‐CREB protein in the early embryonic stages, which later decline whereas BDNF mRNA and BDNF protein levels increase until PH1. The CREB mRNA and p‐CREB protein were significantly increased at E12, E16 and PH1 in the auditory stimulated groups as compared to control group. A significant increase in the level of BDNF mRNA was observed from E12 and the protein expression from E16 onwards in both auditory stimulated groups. Therefore, enhanced phosphorylation of CREB during development following prenatal sound stimulation may be responsible for cell survival. Increased levels of p‐CREB again at PH1 may trigger synthesis of proteins necessary for synaptic plasticity. Further, the increased levels of BDNF may also help in regulating synaptic plasticity.
Short‐term metformin treatment for clomiphene citrate–resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Kazerooni Talieh , Ghaffarpasand Fariborz , Kazerooni Yasaman , Kazerooni Marjaneh , Setoodeh Sasan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a short‐course pretreatment with metformin on hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, cervical scores, and pregnancy rates in women with clomiphene citrate (CC)‐resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsThirty‐seven women with CC‐resistant PCOS were randomly assigned to be pretreated with 500 mg of metformin or placebo 3 times per day for 2 cycles, and 100 mg of CC was given on days 5 through 9 of the second cycle in both groups. Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), dehydroepiandrostendione sulfate (DHEAS), total testosterone (T), glucose, and insulin levels were measured at baseline and after the first cycle, as well as body mass index (BMI), cervical score, and pregnancy rate.ResultsAfter 1 cycle, BMI, total T level, and percentage of participants with insulin resistance were significantly decreased in the metformin group, without any significant decrease in LH, FSH, and DHEAS levels; and in the second cycle, CC treatment resulted in a higher ovulation rate and a thicker endometrium in the metformin group. The pregnancy rate and cervical scores were also higher in that group.ConclusionThe short‐course pretreatment with metformin decreased hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance and improved cervical sores, ovulation rate, and pregnancy rate among women with CC‐resistant PCOS.
Exercise improves cognition and hippocampal plasticity in APOE ɛ4 mice
Authors: Nichol Kathryn , Deeny Sean P. , Seif Joseph , Camaclang Kevin , Cotman Carl W. 
Published: June 2009

BackgroundHuman studies on exercise, cognition, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype show that ɛ4 carriers may benefit from regular physical activity.MethodsWe examined voluntary wheel‐running, memory, and hippocampal plasticity in APOE ɛ3 and APOE ɛ4 transgenic mice at 10–12 months of age.ResultsSedentary ɛ4 mice exhibited deficits in cognition on the radial‐arm water maze (RAWM), a task dependent on the hippocampus. Six weeks of wheel‐running in ɛ4 mice resulted in improvements on the RAWM to the level of ɛ3 mice. Hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were similar in ɛ3 and ɛ4 mice, and after exercise BDNF was similarly increased in both ɛ3 and ɛ4 mice. In sedentary ɛ4 mice, tyrosine kinase B (Trk B) receptors were reduced by 50%. Exercise restored Trk B in ɛ4 mice to the level of ɛ3 mice, and in ɛ4 mice, exercise dramatically increased synaptophysin, a marker of synaptic function.ConclusionsOur results support the hypothesis that exercise can improve cognitive function, particularly in ɛ4 carriers.
Local production of antigen‐specific IgE in different anatomic subsites of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Ahn Chadwick N. , Wise Sarah K. , Lathers Deanne M.R. , Mulligan Ryan M. , Harvey Richard J. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: June 2009

ObjectiveLocal production of antigen‐specific IgE in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is likely integral to the expression of allergy. This study examines if there are anatomic variations in local IgE expression or if variations among fungal and nonfungal IgE exist.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary medical center.Subjects and MethodsSpecimens from 11 AFRS, 8 chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and 9 control patients underwent immunohistochemical localization for IgE and evaluation for antigen‐specific IgE by ImmunoCAP testing.ResultsInferior turbinate (IT) epithelium had greater IgE staining in AFRS than control (P = 0.013) and CRSsNP (P = 0.002). A significant difference was also found at the IT subepithelial level for AFRS compared with controls (P = 0.001) and CRSsNP (P < 0.001). Within AFRS, IgE staining was increased in the subepithelium compared to epithelium (P = 0.003). ImmunoCAP analysis on IT tissue from AFRS and controls demonstrated increased antigen‐specific IgE for 5 of 14 antigens (P < 0.05) and total IgE (P < 0.001). There were no significant anatomic differences between IT and sinus IgE staining.ConclusionMore fungal and nonfungal IgE is expressed in IT and sinus tissues of AFRS patients, as compared with control and CRSsNP patients.
Real‐time PCR detection of Helicobacter pylori and virulence‐associated cagA in nasal polyps and laryngeal disorders
Authors: Ozyurt Mustafa , Gungor Atila , Ergunay Koray , Cekin Engin , Erkul Evren , Haznedaroglu Tuncer 
Published: June 2009

ObjectiveTo identify Helicobacter pylori and major virulance factor, cagA, in patients with laryngeal diseases and nasal polyps.Study DesignCross‐sectional study with planned data collection.SettingThe study was performed on fresh tissue samples from patients with 32 nasal polyps, 29 normal nasal mucosa, and 27 laryngeal diseases presenting to the Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery department of a major military hospital in Istanbul, Turkey.Subjects and MethodsTissue specimens were evaluated by in‐house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real‐time PCR for bacterial DNA and by real‐time PCR for cagA. The impact of commercial and in‐house DNA extraction methods was also evaluated.ResultsH pylori DNA was detected only by real‐time PCR in 59.4 percent of nasal polyps, 70.4 percent of nasal mucosa samples, and 58.6 percent of larynx samples. cagA was identified in 78.9, 89.5, and 82.4 percent of positive polyp, nasal mucosa, and larynx samples, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups. DNA purification methods were equally effective.ConclusionH pylori DNA is present in nasal polyp and larynx tissues as well as normal nasal mucosa, as detected by a sensitive real‐time PCR assay. cagA‐positive strains dominate in all groups.
Factors Affecting the Quality of Problem‐Based Learning in A Hybrid Medical Curriculum
Authors: Chan Li‐Chong 
Published: June 2009

BackgroundFor medical schools that wish to implement or are involved in problem‐based learning (PBL) as part of their medical curriculum, there are many factors which can affect its quality. This paper discusses four critical issues—the need for sufficient protected time for PBL; the structure of the PBL case and its alignment with learning outside the tutorial room; the role of tutors and assessment in PBL—which can affect tutor and students' performance.
Investigation of optical limiting based on the combination of stimulated Brillouin scattering and carbon nanotube/HT-270 suspension
Authors: Hasi W.L.J. , Lu Z.W. , Fu M.L. , Lu H.H. , Gong S. , Lin D.Y. , He W.M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn order to improve the optical limiting performance based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), a combination of SBS and carbon nanotube/HT-270 suspension for optical limiting is proposed in this paper. The dependence of output energy of optical limiting based on this hybrid approach on the pump energy is numerically simulated, and validated in Continuum's Nd: YAG seed-injected laser. The results indicate that the output energy based on this hybrid approach shows much better performance compared with that based on single SBS. In this approach, the SBS threshold can be controlled by adjusting the gain coefficient of medium and focal length of the lens, and the threshold of suspension can be controlled by altering the concentration and focal length of the lens, therefore, this hybrid approach to realize optical limiting has great potential in practical application.