bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mGluR5 is involved in proliferation of rat neural progenitor cells exposed to hypoxia with activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Lingyu , Jiao Qian , Chen Xinlin , Yang Pengbo , Zhao Bingqiao , Zheng Ping , Liu Yong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHypoxia/ischemia induces proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in rodent and human brain; however, the mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated the effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) on NPC proliferation under hypoxia, the expression of cyclin D1, and the activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway in cell culture. The results showed that hypoxia induced mGluR5 expression on NPCs in vitro. Under hypoxia, the mGluR5 agonists DHPG and CHPG significantly increased NPC proliferation in cell activity, diameter of neurospheres, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and cell division, and expression of cyclin D1, with decreasing cell death. The mGluR5 siRNA and antagonist MPEP decreased the NPC proliferation and expression of cyclin D1, with increasing cell death. Phosphorylated JNK and ERK increased with the proliferation of NPCs after DHPG and CHPG treatment under hypoxia, while p‐p38 level decreased. These results demonstrate that the expression of mGluR5 was upregulated during the proliferation of rat NPCs stimulated by hypoxia in vitro. The activation of the ERK and JNK signaling pathway and the expression of cyclin D1 were increased in this process. These finding suggest the involvement of mGluR5 in rat NPC proliferation and provide a target molecule in neural repair after ischemia/hypoxia injury of CNS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reparaturlösungen für höchste Ansprüche
Authors: Candel‐Ruiz Antonio , Metzger Jürgen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDas Laserauftragschweißen wird heutzutage als etablierte Technik zur Instandsetzung von Bauteilen und Herstellung von Schichtsystemen mit definierten Eigenschaften betrachtet. Das Verfahren ermöglicht auch das Generieren von 3‐D‐Strukturen und die Fertigung von kompletten Bauteilen. Anwendungen für diese Technologie sind bei der petrochemischen, Automobil‐ und Schwerindustrie, in der Medizintechnik und in der Luftfahrttechnik zu finden. Dies lässt sich durch die Vorteile dieser laserbasierten Technik gegenüber konventionellen Auftragschweißverfahren begründen: minimaler Verzug des Bauteils bei lokaler Wärmeeinbringung, erhöhter Automatisierungsgrad und die Möglichkeit, endkonturnahe Volumina aufzutragen.
Numerical study of soil heterogeneity effects on contaminant transport in unsaturated soil (model development and validation)
Authors: Mousavi Nezhad M. , Javadi A. A. , Al‐Tabbaa A. , Abbasi F. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThe movement of chemicals through soil to groundwater is a major cause of degradation of water resources. In many cases, serious human and stock health implications are associated with this form of pollution. The study of the effects of different factors involved in transport phenomena can provide valuable information to find the best remediation approaches. Numerical models are increasingly being used for predicting or analyzing solute transport processes in soils and groundwater. This article presents the development of a stochastic finite element model for the simulation of contaminant transport through soils with the main focus being on the incorporation of the effects of soil heterogeneity in the model. The governing equations of contaminant transport are presented. The mathematical framework and the numerical implementation of the model are described. The comparison of the results obtained from the developed stochastic model with those obtained from a deterministic method and some experimental results shows that the stochastic model is capable of predicting the transport of solutes in unsaturated soil with higher accuracy than deterministic one. The importance of the consideration of the effects of soil heterogeneity on contaminant fate is highlighted through a sensitivity analysis regarding the variance of saturated hydraulic conductivity as an index of soil heterogeneity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiscale method for long tunnels subjected to seismic loading
Authors: Yu Hai‐Tao , Yuan Yong , Bobet Antonio 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYA multiscale method for the dynamic analysis of underground structures is proposed, which involves the concurrent discretization of the entire domain with both coarse‐scale and fine‐scale finite element meshes. The coarse‐scale mesh is employed to capture seismic response characteristics of the integral system, whereas the fine‐scale mesh describes in detail the dynamic response in positions of potential damage or interest. For both the coarse‐scale and fine‐scale meshes to overlap, a bridging scale term is introduced so that compatibility of dynamic behavior between the coarse‐ and fine‐scale models is enforced. Both material and contact nonlinearities are considered in the multiscale model. As an application, the model is used for large‐scale seismic response of a newly built long‐distance shield tunnel. Results show that this multiscale method does not have spurious wave reflections at the fine/coarse interface and does not need filtering procedures, which is an advantage compared with the displacement coupling method. Stress and deformation response in lining segments and their connecting bolts are investigated and analyzed within the fine‐scale model, and the capacity of critical structural components, such as bolts and joints is evaluated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Mo back contact porosity on co‐evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film properties and related solar cell
Authors: Bommersbach P. , Arzel L. , Tomassini M. , Gautron E. , Leyder C. , Urien M. , Dupuy D. , Barreau N. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe present study aims at investigating the influence of Ar sputtering gas pressure on the properties of molybdenum back contact (deposited on soda‐lime glass) and consequences on co‐evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorber layer and related solar cell. Films 300 nm thick have been grown with argon pressure between 0·75 and 11·25 mTorr; these films have been characterized by several techniques showing that the increase of the sputtering pressure yields wider amorphous areas, containing oxygen and sodium, between the molybdenum grains, thus higher sheet resistance. The volume ratio of these amorphous areas is referenced to as “porosity”. The structural and morphological properties of co‐evaporated CIGSe have not been reliably observed influenced by the molybdenum porosity; the only noticeable change is the sodium content of the absorber, which increases with the porosity of the back contact. The impact of the amount of sodium on the device performance has been observed to be very important. On the one hand, as already reported, sodium is beneficial for the open‐circuit voltage. On the other hand, a too high amount of sodium is detrimental for the fill factor (hindered shunt resistance), thus the cell efficiency; this latter observation is interpreted as a change in the grain boundary electrical properties. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competitive interaction between halogen and hydrogen bonds in NH2Br‐HOX (X = F, Cl, and Br) complex
Authors: Li Qingzhong , Li Hui , Gong Jianhui , Li Wenzuo , Cheng Jianbo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe NH2Br‐HOX (X = F, Cl, and Br) complexes have been investigated with quantum chemical calculations at the MP2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level. Five isomers are observed for the Cl and Br complexes, whereas only two isomers are found for the F complex. The geometrical, energetic, and spectroscopic parameters have been analyzed for these complexes. The hydrogen‐bonded complexes are more stable than the halogen‐bonded ones. In most complexes, the associated OH and OX bonds are elongated and show a red shift, whereas the distant bonds are contracted and exhibit a blue shift. The complexes have been analyzed with natural bond orbital and atoms in molecules. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Dynamic changing features of the molecular face for interaction of a rare gas atom with a hydrogen molecule
Authors: Ding Yan‐Li , Li En‐Bo , Gong Li‐Dong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe perform a systematical investigation on the dynamic changing feature of the molecular shape and size and electron density distribution in the process of a rare‐gas atom (He, Ne, Ar, and Kr) approaching a hydrogen molecule by an ab initio method. In terms of the molecular face (MF) theory, the polarization effect in the above processes is vividly demonstrated. There is a good linear correlation between our average variation rate (Saver) of molecular intrinsic characteristic radius at the contacting point and the experimental polarizability of the rare‐gas atoms. This indicates that the MF theory can well represent the intermolecular polarization effect. Interestingly, the pictures of shape changing, charge‐flow, and exchange repulsion processes especially on the reacting active areas have been clearly observed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Meteorological phenomena in Western classical orchestral music
Authors: Aplin Karen L. , Williams Paul D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDepictions of the weather are common throughout the arts. Unlike in the visual arts, however, there has been little study of meteorological inspiration in music. This article catalogues and analyzes the frequencies with which weather is depicted in a sample of classical orchestral music. The depictions vary from explicit mimicry using traditional and specialized orchestral instruments, through to subtle suggestions. It is found that composers are generally influenced by their own environment in the type of weather they choose to represent. As befits the national stereotype, British composers seem disproportionately keen to depict the UK's variable weather patterns and stormy coastline. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Bacteriological analysis of bile in acute cholecystitis according to the Tokyo guidelines
Authors: Asai Koji , Watanabe Manabu , Kusachi Shinya , Tanaka Hidenori , Matsukiyo Hiroshi , Osawa Akihiro , Saito Tomoaki , Kodama Hajime , Enomoto Toshiyuki , Nakamura Yoichi , Okamoto Yasushi , Saida Yoshihisa , Nagao Jiro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe performed bacteriological analysis of bile in acute cholecystitis (AC) patients graded in severity according to the Tokyo guidelines.MethodsWe enrolled 163 AC patients in whom bacteriological analysis of bile was performed.ResultsSignificant differences in age (60 vs. 67 years), body temperature (BT) (37.2 vs. 37.6°C), white blood cell count (13,033 vs. 15,177/mm3), and serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) (8.9 vs. 16.9 mg/dL) were found between the Mild and Moderate severity groups. The prevalence of bactibilia differed significantly between Mild and Moderate patients (45.3 vs. 67.0%, P = 0.0107); however, there were no significant differences in the bacterial strains, prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, or polymicrobial isolation frequency between the 2 groups. Our local antibiogram revealed that several microorganisms showed higher resistance rates; these were also isolated even in Mild cases. Advanced age, high BT, high serum CRP, and presence of marked local infection were identified as being significantly associated with high risk of bactibilia. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated the optimal cutoff value of age to be 65 years, of BT to be 37.5°C, and of serum CRP to be 13.4 mg/dL.ConclusionAdequate broad‐spectrum antimicrobial therapy should be administered perioperatively even for Mild patients classified according to the current Tokyo guidelines. These results suggest that more precise severity grades may need to be established, including age and CRP as additional parameters.
Mammography: EUSOBI recommendations for women’s information
Authors: Sardanelli Francesco , Helbich Thomas H. ,   for the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI)
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This paper summarises the basic information to be offered to women who undergo mammography. After a delineation of the general aim of early diagnosis of breast cancer, the main difference between screening mammography and diagnostic mammography is explained. The best time for scheduling mammography in fertile women is defined. The need to bring images and reports from the previous mammogram (and from other recent breast imaging examinations) is highlighted. The technique and procedure of mammography are briefly described with particular attention to discomfort and pain experienced by a fraction of women who undergo the test. Information is given on the recall during a screening program and on the request for further work-up after a diagnostic mammography. The logic of the diagnostic mammography report and of classification systems such as BI-RADS and R1-R5 is illustrated, and brief but clear information is given about the diagnostic performance of the test, with particular reference to interval cancers. Moreover, the breast cancer risk due to radiation exposure from mammography is compared to the reduction in mortality obtained with the test, and the concept of overdiagnosis is presented. Finally, five frequently asked questions are answered.
Emerging Concepts in the Treatment of Myofascial Pain: A Review of Medications, Modalities, and Needle‐based Interventions
Authors: Annaswamy Thiru Mandyam , De Luigi Arthur J. , O'Neill Bryan J. , Keole Nandita , Berbrayer David 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSignificant developments and changes in the use of interventions and treatments for the management of myofascial pain syndrome have occurred in the past 10 years. These emerging concepts have changed the approach for clinicians who manage these pain disorders. However, wide variations in practice patterns prevail, and no clear consensus exists regarding when and how to use these interventions; in addition, awareness of the evidence basis behind their use is limited. This review examines the most recent advances in the treatment of myofascial pain syndromes. Specifically, the evidence basis of various emerging interventions is reviewed and recommendations for routine clinical practice and their rationale are provided. The purpose of this review is to provide the clinician with a better understanding of emerging concepts in the interventions used for myofascial pain syndromes.
Cost-effectiveness of targeted screening for hepatitis C in The Netherlands
Authors: HELSPER C. W. , BORKENT-RAVEN B. A. , DE WIT N. J. , VAN ESSEN G. A. , BONTEN M. J. M. , HOEPELMAN A. I. M. , JANSSEN M. P. , DE WIT G. A. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYOn account of the serious complications of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the improved treatment possibilities, the need to improve HCV awareness and case-finding is increasingly recognized. To optimize a future national campaign with this objective, three pilot campaigns were executed in three regions in The Netherlands. One campaign was aimed at the general population, a second (similar) campaign was extended with a support programme for primary care and a third campaign was specifically aimed at hard-drug users. Data from the pilot campaigns were used to build a mathematical model to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the different campaigns. The campaign aimed at the general public without support for primary care did not improve case-finding and was therefore not cost-effective. The similar campaign accompanied by additional support for primary care and the campaign aimed at hard-drug users emerged as cost-effective interventions for identification of HCV carriers.
Serine biosynthesis with one carbon catabolism represents a novel pathway for ATP generation in cells using alternative glycolysis with zero net ATP production
Authors: Vazquez Alexei , Markert Elke , Oltvai Zoltan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRecent experimental evidence indicates that some cancer cells have an alternative glycolysis pathway with net zero ATP production, implying that upregulation of glycolysis in these cells may not be related to the generation of ATP. Here we use a genome-scale model of human cell metabolism to investigate the potential metabolic alterations in cells using net zero ATP glycolysis. We uncover a novel pathway for ATP generation that involves reactions from the serine biosynthesis and one-carbon metabolism pathways. This pathway has a predicted two-fold higher flux rate in cells using net zero ATP glycolysis than those using standard glycolysis and generates twice as much ATP with significantly lower rate of lactate- but higher rate of alanine secretion. Thus, in cells using the standard- or the net zero ATP glycolysis pathways a significant portion of the glycolysis flux is always associated with ATP generation, and the ratio between the flux rates of the two pathways determines the rate of ATP generation and lactate and alanine secretion during glycolysis.
Three-dimensional superresolution colocalization of intracellular protein superstructures and the cell surface in live
Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Lew Matthew D. , Lee Steven F. , Ptacin Jerod L. , Lee Marissa K. , Twieg Robert J. , Shapiro Lucy , Moerner W. E. 
Published: October 2011

Recently, single-molecule imaging and photocontrol have enabled superresolution optical microscopy of cellular structures beyond Abbe’s diffraction limit, extending the frontier of noninvasive imaging of structures within living cells. However, live-cell superresolution imaging has been challenged by the need to image three-dimensional (3D) structures relative to their biological context, such as the cellular membrane. We have developed a technique, termed superresolution by power-dependent active intermittency and points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (SPRAIPAINT) that combines imaging of intracellular enhanced YFP (eYFP) fusions (SPRAI) with stochastic localization of the cell surface (PAINT) to image two different fluorophores sequentially with only one laser. Simple light-induced blinking of eYFP and collisional flux onto the cell surface by Nile red are used to achieve single-molecule localizations, without any antibody labeling, cell membrane permeabilization, or thiol-oxygen scavenger systems required. Here we demonstrate live-cell 3D superresolution imaging of Crescentin-eYFP, a cytoskeletal fluorescent protein fusion, colocalized with the surface of the bacterium
Caulobacter crescentus
using a double-helix point spread function microscope. Three-dimensional colocalization of intracellular protein structures and the cell surface with superresolution optical microscopy opens the door for the analysis of protein interactions in living cells with excellent precision (20–40 nm in 3D) over a large field of view (12 × 12 μm).
Associations between serum total bilirubin levels and functional dependence in the elderly
Authors: Kao T. W. , Chou C. H. , Wang C. C. , Chou C. C. , Hu J. , Chen W. L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundMany studies support the role of bilirubin as a cytoprotector in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as stroke and atherosclerosis.AimTo investigate the relationship between serum total bilirubin levels and functional dependence in older adults.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2002) pertaining to 2235 old adults were analysed. All participants had given a household interview, providing information of five major domains on self‐reported functional status (activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, leisure and social activities, lower extremity mobility and general physical activities), had completed serum total bilirubin measurement, and a questionnaire regarding personal health. Poor performance was defined as experiencing difficulty with one or more items in a given domain. Functional dependence was defined as having three or more poor performances in the five major domains. Multiple logistic regression was performed together with quartile‐based stratified odds ratio (OR) comparison and trend tests.ResultsThe OR of functional dependence for each standard deviation increment in the serum total bilirubin level was 0.56 (P = 0.002). After additional adjustment, the inverse association remained essentially unchanged. In quartile‐based analysis, participants with higher quartiles of serum total bilirubin tended to have lower ORs of functional dependence. The trends of lower likelihood of functional dependence across increasing quartiles of the serum total bilirubin level were statistically significant (P < 0.05 for all trends).ConclusionsHigher serum total bilirubin levels were associated with lower likelihood of functional dependence in older adults.
Effect of oxygen versus adaptive pressure support servo‐ventilation in patients with central sleep apnoea–Cheyne Stokes respiration and congestive heart failure
Authors: Campbell A. J. , Ferrier K. , Neill A. M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground and AimsCentral sleep apnoea with Cheyne‐Stokes respiration (CSA‐CSR) is a common, serious consequence of congestive heart failure. Optimal treatment is yet to be established. We compared two common treatments for CSA‐CSR.MethodsSubjects with CSA‐CSR and stable congestive heart failure were randomised to 8 weeks treatment: oxygen 2 L/min through nasal prongs and concentrator or 8 weeks adaptive servo‐ventilation (ASV) using a crossover design separated by a 3‐week washout. Polysomnography, indices of sleep and breathing, shuttle walk distance, symptoms, urinary catecholamines, plasma brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐BNP) and echocardiography were collected at baseline and completion of each arm.ResultsTen subjects (age 64 ± 10 years, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 28 ± 10.5%, apnoea‐hypopnoea index (AHI) 63 ± 30/h) were recruited. Seven completed the protocol (one died, one refused ASV, one was withdrawn after hospital admission). On therapy, an AHI of < 10/h was achieved in two out of seven using oxygen (29%), six of seven using ASV (86%) and six of seven with either (86%). Compliance with ASV: 5.2 ± 2 h/night (range 1.45–7.1 h/night). Median AHI on oxygen therapy: 13.4 /h (range 2.6–42.9/h), ASV, 1.4 /h (range 0.6–17.8/h, P = 0.03). LVEF was not changed by either therapy (oxygen 30.9% vs 30.9% P = 0.97, ASV 32.5% vs 35.0% P = 0.24). NT‐BNP, urinary catecholamines, shuttle walk distance and symptoms were not significantly changed by either therapy.ConclusionCSA‐CSR is reduced to a greater extent by ASV than oxygen therapy over 8 weeks but was not accepted long term. Neither treatment improved prognostic indices of heart failure or symptoms in the short term.