bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of cluster of differentiation 9 glycoprotein in benign and malignant parotid gland tumours
Authors: Sakamoto K , Ono T , Nakamura Y , Harada H , Nakashima T 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives:This study aimed to clarify the significance of cluster of differentiation 9 glycoprotein gene expression in human parotid gland tumours.Methods:We retrospectively analysed immunohistochemical staining for cluster of differentiation 9 glycoprotein in parotid gland tumours.Results:Cluster of differentiation 9 glycoprotein was consistently detected in the normal parotid gland. Regarding benign parotid gland tumours, cluster of differentiation 9 glycoprotein was present in 13 of 18 pleomorphic adenomas, in all Warthin tumours tested (21/21) and in all cases of basal cell adenoma tested (four of four). In contrast, positive staining for cluster of differentiation 9 glycoprotein was less often observed in malignant parotid tumours. Cluster of differentiation 9 glycoprotein was present in 11 of 14 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, in two of five acinic cell carcinomas and in two of five adenoid cystic carcinomas.Conclusions:There was a statistically significantly reduced expression of cluster of differentiation 9 glycoprotein in malignant parotid gland tumours, compared with benign parotid gland tumours (p < 0.05). These results suggest that a low level of cluster of differentiation 9 glycoprotein expression in parotid gland tumours may be associated with malignancy.
Analysis of surgical treatment for middle-ear cholesterol granuloma
Authors: Matsuda Y , Kurita T , Ueda Y , Ito S , Nakashima T 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCholesterol granuloma is an intractable ear disease. Many studies of this condition have been published since the initial report by Manasse. However, the pathogenesis of this condition is unclear. This study reviewed the treatment of middle-ear cholesterol granuloma in 16 patients undergoing surgical treatment at Kurume University Hospital.The relationship between patients' pre-operative tympanic membrane findings and post-operative course was analysed. Patients with swollen tympanic membranes had significantly poorer outcomes. Patients with retracted tympanic membranes and those undergoing ossicular chain reconstruction had significantly better outcomes. The patients' overall hearing success rate at approximately two weeks post-operatively was 75 per cent. However, by six months post-operatively, the overall hearing success rate had declined to 62.5 per cent. Patients with poor hearing two weeks post-operatively did not acquire better hearing.
New silicone tube placement therapy for patients with an anterior glottic web
Authors: Umeno H , Chitose S , Ueda Y , Kurita T , Mihashi H , Nakashima T 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn anterior glottic web in adults comprises a bridge of scar tissue commonly formed as a result of iatrogenic laryngeal injury. Traditionally, procedures such as transcervical midline thyrotomy and keel placement have been used to repair this condition. However, we recently repaired an anterior glottic web using a new surgical procedure involving a silicone tube instead of a keel. We herein report this case, in which we placed a silicone tube at the anterior commissure after resection of an anterior glottic web, under endolaryngeal microsurgery, without performing a tracheostomy.
Clinical study of parapharyngeal space tumours
Authors: Chijiwa H , Mihoki T , Shin B , Sakamoto K , Umeno H , Nakashima T 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study reviewed 24 cases of parapharyngeal space tumour treated at Kurume University Hospital between 1990 and 2007. Histological diagnoses were generally obtained from the excised tumour (22/24). Seventy-seven per cent of the parapharyngeal space tumours were benign and 23 per cent were malignant. Thirty-eight per cent (eight of 22) of these tumours were pleomorphic adenomas and 23 per cent (five of 22) were schwannomas. A transparotidectomy and transcervical approach were used in 88 per cent (15/17) of benign tumours. A mandibular swing approach was used for one malignant tumour. Post-operative complications were identified in 16 of 22 patients. The most common complication, facial nerve paralysis, was identified in eight patients, and seven of these patients demonstrated first bite syndrome. In consideration of the high incidence of post-operative complications, the surgical approach should therefore be carefully selected when treating patients with parapharyngeal space tumours.
Cricopharyngeal dysfunction with significant piriform sinus expansion: case report
Authors: Chitose S , Umeno H , Hamakawa S , Gondou K , Nakashima T 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis report describes the case of a patient with cricopharyngeal dysfunction with significant piriform sinus expansion. An 80-year-old man presented with a three-year history of dysphagia. Palsy of the cricopharyngeal chalasis was identified by electromyography under both videofluorography and manofluorography. Although a widening procedure was performed in the cricopharyngeal region using a bougie, the patient gained only minor relief from his dysphagia. After the patient had had adequate time to recover spontaneously (six months), a cricopharyngeal myotomy was performed. As a result, his dysphagia resolved and the post-operative course was uneventful. The clinical and histopathological findings in this case suggested that significant piriform sinus expansion had resulted from the cricopharyngeal dysfunction, due to cricopharyngeal myopathy.
Blend of independent joint control and variable structure systems for uni-drive modular robots
Authors: Karbasi Hamidreza , Huissoon Jan Paul , Khajepour Amir 
Published: May 2009

SUMMARYIn this paper, a control design methodology for a new class of modular robots, so-called “uni-drive modular robots” is introduced. Uni-drive modular robots have a substantial advantage over regular modular robots in terms of the mass of each module since then employ only a single drive for powering all the joints. The drive is mounted at the robot base and all joints tap power from this single drive using clutches. By controlling the engagement time of the clutches, the position and velocity of the joints are regulated. After reviewing the structure of the uni-drive modular robot, a self-expansion formula to generate the dynamics of the robot is introduced. The control of uni-drive n-module robots is realized by blending independent joint control and theory of variable structure systems via a pulse width modulation technique. A uni-drive modular robot is used to conduct simulations and validate the control design technique.
Indoor localization system in a multi-block workspace
Authors: Park JaeHyun , Choi MunGyu , Zu YunFei , Lee JangMyung 
Published: May 2009

SUMMARYThis paper proposes methodologies and techniques for multi-block navigation of an indoor localization system with active beacon sensors. As service robots and ubiquitous technology have evolved, there is an increasing need for autonomous indoor navigation of mobile robots. In a large number of indoor localization schemes, the absolute position estimation method, relying on navigation beacons or landmarks, has been widely used due to its low cost and high accuracy. However, few of these schemes have managed to expand the applications for use in complicated workspaces involving many rooms or blocks that cover a wide region, such as airports and stations. Since the precise and safe navigation of mobile robots in complicated workspaces is vital for the ubiquitous technology, it is necessary to develop a multi-block navigation scheme. This new design of an indoor localization system includes ultrasonic attenuation compensation, dilution of both the precision analysis and fault detection, and an isolation algorithm using redundant measurements. These ideas are implemented on actual mobile robot platforms and beacon sensors, and experimental results are presented to test and demonstrate the new methods.
A homotopy-theoretic universal property of Leinster's operad for weak ω-categories
Authors: GARNER RICHARD 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe explain how any cofibrantly generated weak factorisation system on a category may be equipped with a universally and canonically determined choice of cofibrant replacement. We then apply this to the theory of weak ω-categories, showing that the universal and canonical cofibrant replacement of the operad for strict ω-categories is precisely Leinster's operad for weak ω-categories.
A coloring property for countable groups
Authors: GAO SU , JACKSON STEVE , SEWARD BRANDON 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMotivated by research on hyperfinite equivalence relations we define a coloring property for countable groups. We prove that every countable group has the coloring property. This implies a compactness theorem for closed complete sections of the free part of the shift action ofGon 2G. Our theorems generalize known results about.
High-Angle Annular Dark Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy on Carbon-Based Functional Polymer Systems
Authors: Sourty Erwan , van Bavel Svetlana , Lu Kangbo , Guerra Ralph , Bar Georg , Loos Joachim 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTwo purely carbon-based functional polymer systems were investigated by bright-field conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). For a carbon black (CB) filled polymer system, HAADF-STEM provides high contrast between the CB agglomerates and the polymer matrix so that details of the interface organization easily can be revealed and assignment of the CB phase is straightforward. For a second system, the functional polymer blend representing the photoactive layer of a polymer solar cell, details of its nanoscale organization could be observed that were not accessible with CTEM. By varying the camera length in HAADF-STEM imaging, the contrast can be enhanced between crystalline and amorphous compounds due to diffraction contrast so that nanoscale interconnections between domains are identified. In general, due to its incoherent imaging characteristics HAADF-STEM allows for reliable interpretation of the data obtained.
Three-Dimensional Measurement of Line Edge Roughness in Copper Wires Using Electron Tomography
Authors: Ercius Peter , Gignac Lynne M. , Hu C.-K. , Muller David A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractElectrical interconnects in integrated circuits have shrunk to sizes in the range of 20–100 nm. Accurate measurements of the dimensions of these nanowires are essential for identifying the dominant electron scattering mechanisms affecting wire resistivity as they continue to shrink. We report a systematic study of the effect of line edge roughness on the apparent cross-sectional area of 90 nm Cu wires with a TaN/Ta barrier measured by conventional two-dimensional projection imaging and three-dimensional electron tomography. Discrepancies in area measurements due to the overlap of defects along the wire's length lead to a 5% difference in the resistivities predicted by the two methods. Tomography of thick cross sections is shown to give a more accurate representation of the original structure and allows more efficient sampling of the wire's cross-sectional area. The effect of roughness on measurements from projection images is minimized for cross-section thicknesses less than 50 nm, or approximately half the spatial frequency of the roughness variations along the length of the investigated wires.
The Applications ofIn SituElectron Energy Loss Spectroscopy to the Study of Electron Beam Nanofabrication
Authors: Chen Shiahn J. , Howitt David G. , Gierhart Brian C. , Smith Rosemary L. , Collins Scott D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAnin situelectron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) technique has been developed to investigate the dynamic processes associated with electron-beam nanofabrication on thin membranes. In this article, practical applications germane to e-beam nanofabrication are illustrated with a case study of the drilling of nanometer-sized pores in silicon nitride membranes. This technique involves successive acquisitions of the plasmon-loss and the core-level ionization-loss spectra in real time, both of which provide the information regarding the hole-drilling kinetics, including two respective rates for total mass loss, individual nitrogen and silicon element depletion, and the change of the atomic bonding environment. In addition, thein situEELS also provides an alternative method for endpoint detection with a potentially higher time resolution than by imaging. On the basis of the time evolution ofin situEELS spectra, a qualitative working model combining knock-on sputtering, irradiation-induced mass transport, and phase separation can be proposed.
Optimizing Electron Backscatter Diffraction of Carbonate Biominerals—Resin Type and Carbon Coating
Authors: Pérez-Huerta Alberto , Cusack Maggie 
Published: May 2009

AbstractElectron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is becoming a widely used technique to determine crystallographic orientation in biogenic carbonates. Despite this use, there is little information available on preparation for the analysis of biogenic carbonates. EBSD data are compared for biogenic aragonite and calcite in the common blue mussel,Mytilus edulis, using different types of resin and thicknesses of carbon coating. Results indicate that carbonate biomineral samples provide better EBSD results if they are embedded in resin, particularly epoxy resin. A uniform layer of carbon of 2.5 nm thickness provides sufficient conductivity for EBSD analyses of such insulators to avoid charging without masking the diffracted signal. Diffraction intensity decreases with carbon coating thickness of 5 nm or more. This study demonstrates the importance of optimizing sample preparation for EBSD analyses of insulators such as carbonate biominerals.
Modeling Rectangular Cantilevers during Torsion and Deflection for Application to Frictional Force Microscopy
Authors: Hayden Victor C. , Beaulieu Luc Y. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA numerical and experimental analysis of the optical beam deflection system used to monitor microcantilevers subjected to simultaneous deflection and twisting such as in lateral or frictional force microscopy was performed. This study focused on two optical beam deflection orientations where in the first case the optical beam and the detector are at a right angle to the length of the cantilever and the second case, which is the more standard orientation, the optical beam is parallel to the length of the lever. This study finds that it is possible to model the twist and the deflection separately and treat each motion independently. Simulations have shown that the above-mentioned systems are equivalent in accuracy and sensitivity for monitoring the simultaneous twist and deflection of cantilevers.
Nanogold as a Specific Marker for Electron Cryotomography
Authors: He Yongning , Jensen Grant J. , Bjorkman Pamela J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWhile electron cryotomography (ECT) provides “molecular” resolution, three-dimensional images of unique biological specimens, sample crowdedness, and/or resolution limitations can make it difficult to identify specific macromolecular components. Here we used a 1.4 nm Nanogold® cluster specifically attached to the Fc fragment of IgG to monitor its interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), a membrane-bound receptor that transports IgG across cells in acidic intracellular vesicles. ECT was used to image complexes formed by Nanogold-labeled Fc bound to FcRn attached to the outer surface of synthetic liposomes. In the resulting three-dimensional reconstructions, 1.4 nm Nanogold particles were distributed predominantly along the interfaces where 2:1 FcRn-Fc complexes bridged adjacent lipid bilayers. These results demonstrate that the 1.4 nm Nanogold cluster is visible in tomograms of typically thick samples (∼250 nm) recorded with defocuses appropriate for large macromolecules and is thus an effective marker.
Pesticide distribution and use in vegetable production in the Red River Delta of Vietnam
Authors: Van Hoi Pham , Mol Arthur P.J. , Oosterveer Peter , van den Brink Paul J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFor a long time pesticides attracted interest from the Vietnamese governments and farmers for their positive effects in protecting crop yield losses resulting from pests and other plant diseases. Recently, the negative effects of pesticides on human health, natural food chains and the environment are increasingly being taken into account by both state and non-state actors. Striking a balance between positive and negative effects is complicated as, most likely, pesticides will continue to maintain their vital role in an agriculture-based country such as Vietnam. However, recently a shift can be noticed in farmers' selection and application of pesticides, initiated mainly by farmers themselves and to a lesser extent also by other actors such as the government, pesticide companies and distributors. This article provides an empirical insight into this shift, based on the results from research in four provinces in the Red River Delta. Possible implications for policies toward greening pesticide handling practices in vegetable production are drawn, such as removing inexpensive pesticides (often associated with high toxicity) from the market, giving technical training on pesticide selection and use to farmers, and reconsidering the role different actors can play in future safe vegetable production programs.
Treatment of Cognitive-Communicative Disorders Following Blast Injury
Authors: de Riesthal Michael 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) following exposure to a blast is the signature injury of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). The purposes of this article are to describe the characteristics of the service members who experience blast injuries, the cognitive-communicative deficits they present, and the role of the speech-language pathologist (SLP) in managing these deficits.
Method: Demographic data for the service members who have experienced blast injuries in OIF/OEF are reviewed and reported. The literature on treating cognitive-communicative disorders following mTBI is reviewed and is discussed in the context of managing the deficits reported by service members returning from Iraq and Afghanistan.
Results and conclusions: Information regarding the effects of blast exposure on the human body continues to emerge. Data regarding the most effective treatment for cognitive-communicative deficits following blast injury are needed. For now, SLPs must rely on the best evidence from the civilian mTBI literature, clinical expertise, and the personal values of the individual with TBI to develop effective treatment programs targeting the cognitive-communicative disorders experienced by these individuals.
SPITZER QUASAR AND ULIRG EVOLUTION STUDY (QUEST).
IV. COMPARISON OF 1 Jy ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES WITH PALOMAR-GREEN
QUASARS
Authors: Veilleux S. , Rupke D. S. N. , Kim D.-C. , Genzel R. , Sturm E. , Lutz D. , Contursi A. , Schweitzer M. , Tacconi L. J. , Netzer H. , Sternberg A. , Mihos J. C. , Baker A. J. , Mazzarella J. M. , Lord S. , Sanders D. B. , Stockton A. , Joseph R. D. , Barnes J. E. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT
We report the results from a comprehensive study of 74 ultraluminous infrared
galaxies (ULIRGs) and 34 Palomar-Green (PG) quasars within z ∼
0.3 observed with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS). The
contribution of nuclear activity to the bolometric luminosity in these systems
is quantified using six independent methods that span a range in wavelength and
give consistent results within ∼±10%–15% on average. This agreement suggests
that deeply buried active galactic nuclei (AGNs) invisible to
Spitzer IRS but bright in the far-infrared are not common
in this sample. The average derived AGN contribution in ULIRGs is ∼35%–40%,
ranging from ∼15%–35% among “cool”
(f
25/f
60 ⩽ 0.2)
optically classified H ii-like and LINER ULIRGs to ∼50 and ∼75% among
warm Seyfert 2 and Seyfert 1 ULIRGs, respectively. This number exceeds ∼80% in
PG QSOs. ULIRGs fall in one of three distinct AGN classes: (1) objects with
small extinctions and large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) equivalent
widths are highly starburst-dominated; (2) systems with large extinctions and
modest PAH equivalent widths have larger AGN contributions, but still tend to be
starburst-dominated; and (3) ULIRGs with both small extinctions and small PAH
equivalent widths host AGN that are at least as powerful as the starbursts. The
AGN contributions in class 2 ULIRGs are more uncertain than in the other
objects, and we cannot formally rule out the possibility that these objects
represent a physically distinct type of ULIRGs. A morphological trend is seen
along the sequence (1)–(2)–(3), in general agreement with the standard ULIRG−QSO
evolution scenario and suggestive of a broad peak in extinction during the
intermediate stages of merger evolution. However, the scatter in this sequence,
including the presence of a significant number of AGN-dominated systems prior to
coalescence and starburst-dominated but fully merged systems, implies that black
hole accretion, in addition to depending on the merger phase, also has a strong
chaotic/random component, as in local AGNs.
Asymptotic stability of the wave equation on compact surfaces and locally distributed damping-A sharp result
Authors: Cavalcanti M. , Domingos Cavalcanti V. , Fukuoka R. , Soriano J. 
Published: May 2009

This paper is concerned with the study of the wave equation on compact surfaces and locally distributed damping, described byutt−ΔMu+a(x)g(ut)=0on \thinspace M×]0,∞[,\begin{equation} \left . \begin {array}{l} u_{tt} - \Delta _{\mathcal {M}}u+ a(x) g(u_{t})=0 \; \text {on \thinspace }\mathcal {M}\times \left ] 0,\infty \right [ , \end{array} \right . \nonumber \end{equation}whereM⊂R3\mathcal {M}\subset \mathbb {R}^3is a smooth oriented embedded compact surface without boundary. Denoting byg\mathbf {g}the Riemannian metric induced onM\mathcal {M}byR3\mathbb {R}^3, we prove that for eachϵ>0\epsilon > 0, there exist an open subsetV⊂MV \subset \mathcal Mand a smooth functionf:M→Rf:\mathcal M \rightarrow \mathbb Rsuch thatmeas(V)≥meas(M)−ϵmeas(V)\geq meas(\mathcal M)-\epsilon,Hessf≈gHess f \approx \mathbf {g}onVVandinfx∈V|∇f(x)|>0\underset {x\in V}\inf |\nabla f(x)|>0.

In addition, we prove that ifa(x)≥a0>0a(x) \geq a_0> 0on an open subsetM∗⊂M\mathcal {M}{\ast } \subset \mathcal Mwhich containsM∖V\mathcal {M}\backslash Vand ifggis a monotonic increasing function such thatk|s|≤|g(s)|≤K|s|k |s| \leq |g(s)| \leq K |s|for all|s|≥1|s| \geq 1, then uniform and optimal decay rates of the energy hold.
An active registry for bioinformatics web services
Authors: Pettifer S. , Thorne D. , McDermott P. , Attwood T. , Baran J. , Bryne J. C. , Hupponen T. , Mowbray D. , Vriend G. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Summary: The EMBRACE Registry is a web portal that collects and monitors web services according to test scripts provided by the their administrators. Users are able to search for, rank and annotate services, enabling them to select the most appropriate working service for inclusion in their bioinformatics analysis tasks.
Availability and implementation: Web site implemented with PHP, Python, MySQL and Apache, with all major browsers supported. (www.embraceregistry.net)
Contact: steve.pettifer@manchester.ac.uk