bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of a check‐all‐that‐apply question for the evaluation of strawberry cultivars from a breeding program
Authors: Lado Joanna , Vicente Esteban , Manzzioni Ariel , Ares Gastón 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Traditionally, breeding research has been focused on increasing yield and fruit size, improving resistance to diseases, behaviour during transport and increasing postharvest shelf‐life. However, consumers' liking is one of the biggest challenges for strawberry breeding programs. In this context, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the application of a check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) question to study consumers' perception of new strawberry cultivars.RESULTS: Average liking scores were low for a highly appreciated product like strawberries, which could be explained considering unfavourable weather conditions prior to harvest. However, despite the small differences in overall liking scores, significant differences were found in the frequency in which 14 out of the 22 terms of the CATA question were used to describe samples. This suggests that the evaluated CATA question was able to detect differences in consumers' perception of the sensory characteristics of the evaluated cultivars. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between laboratory analyses (firmness, colour, soluble solids and acidity) and consumers' responses to the CATA question, which indicates their validity.CONCLUSIONS: Considering results from the present study, the use of CATA questions could be a simple and interesting methodology to gain insight into consumers' perception of different fruit cultivars. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene on anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and disease resistance in loquat fruit
Authors: Cao Shifeng , Zheng Yonghua 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGOUND: Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit are susceptible to fungal decay during postharvest storage at ambient temperature. The control of postharvest diseases of loquat is based primarily on the use of synthetic fungicides. To look for an alternative method for disease control, we investigated the effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) on controlling anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum of loquat fruit.RESULTS: 1‐MCP treatment significantly reduced decay incidence of loquat fruit. The treatment markedly inhibited accumulation of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide and maintained higher superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. Meanwhile, 1‐MCP treatment induced higher activities of two defense‐related enzymes—chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase—during 6 days' storage. Furthermore, the treatment inhibited increases in fruit firmness and internal browning index, and maintained higher extractable juice rate, total soluble solids and titratable acidity contents, thereby delaying the development of senescence.CONCLUSION: 1‐MCP was effective in reducing decay and might have enhanced the disease resistance in loquat fruit by increasing chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase, and maintained natural resistance by delaying senescence development. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of flavonol glycoside in mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf on glucose metabolism and oxidative stress in liver in diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Katsube Takuya , Yamasaki Masayuki , Shiwaku Kuninori , Ishijima Tomoko , Matsumoto Ichiro , Abe Keiko , Yamasaki Yukikazu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Mulberry therapies on type 2 diabetic patients or streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats have been reported to improve fasting blood glucose levels. We investigated the effects of dietary consumption of mulberry‐leaf powder and purified quercetin 3‐(6‐malonylglucoside), the quantitatively major flavonol glycoside in mulberry leaves, on glucose and lipid metabolism in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice aged 8 weeks were assigned to three groups (control, mulberry leaf powder (MLP), and quercetin 3‐(6‐malonylglucoside) (Q3MG)) and treated with their respective diets for 8 weeks.RESULTS: We found that dietary supplementation of 10 g MLP kg−1 or 1 g Q3MG kg−1 in high‐fat diet effectively suppressed blood glucose levels. We also noted increased expression of glycolysis‐related genes and suppression of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations in the liver of Q3MG group compared to control mice.CONCLUSION: Dietary consumption of Q3MG, the quantitatively major flavonol glycoside in mulberry leaves, improved hyperglycemia in obese mice and reduced oxidative stress in the liver. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Conservation agriculture effects and policy support to mitigate soil degradation in Midi‐Pyrénées (France)
Authors: Prosperi P. , Terres J. M. , Doublet S. , Pointereau P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper draws on the results of a case study within the SoCo project and aims to assess the benefits and constraints in the application of conservation agriculture (CA) methods in Midi‐Pyrénées, France, along with an evaluation of the coherence of the policy framework designed to improve the protection of soil resources.Inappropriate agricultural practices, under particular climate, terrain and soil conditions, have contributed to make erosion the main soil degradation phenomenon in Midi‐Pyrénées, particularly under spring crops. The decrease of carbon stock is also a relevant issue.Among the various techniques applied by local farmers to reduce the impact of soil degradation on their land, CA appeared popular and was therefore analysed in detail.No specific legislation on soil protection is currently available in France, while the present agri‐environmental policy, including the Rural Development Plan and the cross compliance measures, focuses mainly on water quality and biodiversity.A mixed methodological approach was used consisting of a literature review on the status of soils, of the characteristics of CA practices and of the soil‐related policies in force. Semi‐structured interviews with selected stakeholders on the use of soil conservation techniques and on soil legislation allowed a broader discussion of the study results.The research suggests that CA can effectively contribute to mitigate soil degradation in Midi‐Pyrénées, although some implementation drawbacks seem to limit its wider use mainly due to lack of a specific support. Therefore, a better targeting of existing policies would be desirable for an improved protection of soil resources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of low‐level laser therapy on collagen expression and neutrophil infiltrate in 5‐fluorouracil‐induced oral mucositis in hamsters
Authors: Lopes Nilza Nelly Fontana , Plapler Hélio , Lalla Rajesh V. , Chavantes Maria Cristina , Yoshimura Elisabeth Mateus , da Silva Marco Antonio Bastos , Alves Maria Teresa Seixas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSeveral studies have suggested that low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) can ameliorate oral mucositis; however, the mechanisms involved are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of action of LLLT on chemotherapy‐induced oral mucositis, as related to effects on collagen expression and inflammation.Materials and MethodsA hamster cheek pouch model of oral mucositis was used with all animals receiving intraperitoneal 5‐fluorouracil, followed by surface irritation. Animals were randomly allocated into three groups, and treated with an InGaAIP diode laser at a wavelength of 660 nm and output power of 35 or 100 mW laser, or no laser. Clinical severity of mucositis was assessed at four time‐points by a blinded examiner. Buccal pouch tissue was harvested from a subgroup of animals in each group at four time‐points. Collagen was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated after picrosirius staining. The density of the neutrophil infiltrate was also scored.ResultsPeak clinical severity of mucositis was reduced in the 35 mW laser group as compared to the 100 mW and control groups. The reduced peak clinical severity of mucositis in the 35 mW laser group was accompanied by a decrease in the number of neutrophils and an increase in the proportion of mature collagen as compared to the other two groups. The total quantity of collagen was significantly higher in the control (no laser) group at the day 11 time‐point, as compared to the 35 mW laser group, consistent with a more prolonged inflammatory response in the control group.ConclusionThis study supports two mechanisms of action for LLLT in reducing mucositis severity. The increase in collagen organization in response to the 35 mW laser indicates that LLLT promotes wound healing. In addition, LLLT also appears to have an anti‐inflammatory effect, as evidenced by the reduction in neutrophil infiltrate. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:546–552, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Progress in SIFT‐MS: Breath analysis and other applications
Authors: Španěl Patrik , Smith David 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe development of selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT‐MS, is described from its inception as the modified very large SIFT instruments used to demonstrate the feasibility of SIFT‐MS as an analytical technique, towards the smaller but bulky transportable instruments and finally to the current smallest Profile 3 instruments that have been located in various places, including hospitals and schools to obtain on‐line breath analyses. The essential physics and engineering principles are discussed, which must be appreciated to design and construct a SIFT‐MS instrument. The versatility and sensitivity of the Profile 3 instrument is illustrated by typical mass spectra obtained using the three precursor ions H3O+, NO+ and ${\rm O}_{{\rm 2}}^{{\rm + } \cdot }$, and the need to account for differential ionic diffusion and mass discrimination in the analytical algorithms is emphasized to obtain accurate trace gas analyses. The performance of the Profile 3 instrument is illustrated by the results of several pilot studies, including (i) on‐line real time quantification of several breath metabolites for cohorts of healthy adults and children, which have provided representative concentration/population distributions, and the comparative analyses of breath exhaled via the mouth and nose that identify systemic and orally‐generated compounds, (ii) the enhancement of breath metabolites by drug ingestion, (iii) the identification of HCN as a marker of Pseudomonas colonization of the airways and (iv) emission of volatile compounds from urine, especially ketone bodies, and from skin. Some very recent developments are discussed, including the quantification of carbon dioxide in breath and the combination of SIFT‐MS with GC and ATD, and their significance. Finally, prospects for future SIFT‐MS developments are alluded to. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:236–267, 2011
Growth factor signaling pathways as targets for prevention of epithelial carcinogenesis
Authors: Rho Okkyung , Kim Dae Joon , Kiguchi Karou , DiGiovanni John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGrowth factor receptor (GFR) signaling controls epithelial cell growth by responding to various endogenous or exogenous stimuli and subsequently activating downstream signaling pathways including Stat3, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, and c‐Src. Environmental chemical toxicants and UVB irradiation cause enhanced and prolonged activation of GFR signaling and downstream pathways that contributes to epithelial cancer development including skin cancer. Recent studies, especially those with tissue‐specific transgenic mouse models, have demonstrated that GFRs and their downstream signaling pathways contribute to all three stages of epithelial carcinogenesis by regulating a wide variety of biological functions including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and migration. Inhibiting these signaling pathways early in the carcinogenic process results in reduced cell proliferation and survival, leading to decreased tumor formation. Collectively, these studies suggest that GFR signaling and subsequent downstream signaling pathways are potential targets for the prevention of epithelial cancers including skin cancer. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Precise control of end‐tidal carbon dioxide and oxygen improves BOLD and ASL cerebrovascular reactivity measures
Authors: Mark Clarisse I. , Slessarev Marat , Ito Shoji , Han Jay , Fisher Joseph A. , Pike G. Bruce 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn‐depth investigation of cerebrovascular blood flow and MR mechanisms underlying the blood oxygenation level dependent signal requires precise manipulation of the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen, measured by their noninvasive surrogates, the end‐tidal values. The traditional methodology consists of administering a fixed fractional concentration of inspired CO2, but this causes a variable ventilatory response across subjects, resulting in different values of end‐tidal partial pressures of CO2and O2. In this study, we investigated whether fine control of these end‐tidal partial pressures would improve stability and predictability of blood oxygenation level dependent and arterial spin labeling signals for studying cerebrovascular reactivity. In 11 healthy volunteers, we compared the MR signals generated by the traditional fixed fractional concentration of inspired CO2method to those of an automated feed‐forward system, a simpler, safer, and more compact alternative to dynamic end‐tidal forcing systems, designed to target constant end‐tidal partial pressures of CO2and O2. We found that near square‐wave changes in end‐tidal partial pressure of CO2of 5, 7.5, and 10 mm Hg (±1.01 mm Hg within two to three breaths) and constrained changes in the end‐tidal partial pressure of O2(<10 mm Hg) induced cerebral vascular reactivity measurements with faster transitions, together with improved stability and gradation, than those achieved with the traditional fixed fractional concentration of inspired CO2method. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
J‐refocused coherence transfer spectroscopic imaging at 7 T in human brain
Authors: Pan J.W. , Avdievich N. , Hetherington H.P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractShort echo spectroscopy is commonly used to minimize signal modulation due to J‐evolution of the cerebral amino acids. However, short echo acquisitions suffer from high sensitivity to macromolecules which make accurate baseline determination difficult. In this report, we describe implementation at 7 T of a double echo J‐refocused coherence transfer sequence at echo time (TE) of 34 msec to minimize J‐modulation of amino acids while also decreasing interfering macromolecule signals. Simulation of the pulse sequence at 7 T shows excellent resolution of glutamate, glutamine, and N‐acetyl aspartate. B1 sufficiency at 7 T for the double echo acquisition is achieved using a transceiver array with radiofrequency (RF) shimming. Using an alternate RF distribution to minimize receiver phase cancellation in the transceiver, accurate phase determination for the coherence transfer is achieved with rapid single scan calibration. This method is demonstrated in spectroscopic imaging mode with n = 5 healthy volunteers resulting in metabolite values consistent with literature and in a patient with epilepsy. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐degrading, MRI‐detectable hydrogel sensors with picomolar target sensitivity
Authors: Colomb Jason , Louie Katherine , Massia Stephen P. , Bennett Kevin M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNanostructured hydrogels have been developed as synthetic tissues and scaffolds for cell and drug delivery, and as guides for tissue regeneration. A fundamental problem in the development of synthetic hydrogels is that implanted gel structure is difficult to monitor noninvasively. This work demonstrates that the aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles, attached to specific macromolecules in biological and synthetic hydrogels, can be controlled to detect changes in gel macromolecular structure with MRI. It is further shown that the gels can be made to self‐degrade when they come into contact with a target molecule in as low as pM concentrations. The sensitivity of the gels to the target is finely controlled using an embedded zymogen cascade amplifier. These “MRI reporter gels” may serve as smart, responsive polymer implants, as tissue scaffolds to deliver drugs, or to detect specific pathogens in vivo. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spezialitäten und Pharma wachsen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFast alle Unternehmen profitieren von der verbesserten Weltkonjunktur: Trotz gestiegener Rohstoffpreise sind Gewinne möglich. Pharmakonzerne klagen über Umsatzverluste durch die wachsende Konkurrenz von Generika.
Mehr als nur eine Säule – die Möglichkeiten mehrdimsionaler LC
Authors: Unger Klaus K. , Machtejevas Egidijus 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Analyse komplexer Stoffgemische stellt vor allem in den Lebenswissenschaften ungewöhnlich hohe Anforderungen an die Trennmethoden. Das Potential der mehrdimensionalen Flüssigchromatographie, gekoppelt mit der Massenspektrometrie, ist hier noch nicht ausgeschöpft.
Aus der Probe ins Massenspektrometer
Authors: Karst Uwe , Vogel Martin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNeue Ionisationstechniken haben in den letzen Jahren immer mehr Analyten – etwa unpolare Substanzen und Biomoleküle mit großen Molmassen – der Massenspektro‐ metrie zugänglich gemacht und so den Einsatzbereich der Methode beträchtlich erweitert.
Photoionisierungs‐Massenspektrometrie mit neuer Lichtquelle
Authors: Zimmermann Ralf , Mühlberger Fabian , Ulrich Andreas , Wieser Jochen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSowohl unpolare aliphatische und aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe als auch polare organische Verbindungen lassen sich über die Photoionisation mit einer elektronenstrahlgepumpten Excimerlampe massenspektrometrisch selektiv erfassen.
δ‐Catenin dysregulation in cancer: interactions with E‐cadherin and beyond
Authors: Lu Qun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStable E‐cadherin‐based adherens junctions are pivotal in maintaining epithelial tissue integrity and are the major barrier for epithelial cancer metastasis. Proteins of the p120ctn subfamily have emerged recently as critical players for supporting this stability. The identification of the unique juxtamembrane domain (JMD) in E‐cadherin that binds directly to δ‐catenin/NPRAP/neurojungin (CTNND2) and p120ctn (CTNND1) provides a common motif for their interactions. Recently, crystallographic resolution of the JMD of p120ctn further highlighted possibilities of intervening between interactions of p120ctn subfamily proteins and E‐cadherin for designing anti‐cancer therapeutics. For most epithelial cancers, studies have demonstrated a reduction of p120ctn expression or alteration of its subcellular distribution. On the other hand, δ‐catenin, a primarily neural‐enriched protein in the brain of healthy individuals, is up‐regulated in all cancer types that have been studied to date. Two research articles in the September 2010 issue of The Journal of Pathology increase our understanding of the involvement of these proteins in lung cancer. One reports the identification of rare p120ctn (CTNND1) gene amplification in lung cancer. One mechanism by which δ‐catenin and p120ctn may play a role in carcinogenesis is their competitive binding to E‐cadherin through the JMD. The other presents the first vigorous characterization of δ‐catenin overexpression in lung cancer. Unexpectedly, the authors observed that δ‐catenin promotes malignant phenotypes of non‐small cell lung cancer by non‐competitive binding to E‐cadherin with p120ctn in the cytoplasm. Looking towards the future, the understanding of δ‐catenin and p120ctn with and beyond their localization at the cell–cell junction should provide further insight into their roles in cancer pathogenesis. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Invited Commentary for Castillo et al. Gene amplification of the transcription factor DP1 and CTNND1 in human lung cancer, Journal of Pathology, 2010; 222: 89–98. And for Zhang et al. δ‐Catenin promotes malignant phenotype of non‐small cell lung cancer by non‐competative binding to E‐cadherin with p120ctn in cytoplasm. Journal of Pathology, 2010; 222: 76–88.
Non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(L‐lactide)
Authors: Liu Yufei , Wang Li , He Yong , Fan Zhongyong , Li Suming 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly( L‐lactide) (PLLA) in comparison with a polylactide stereocopolymer (PLA98) containing 98% L‐lactyl and 2% D‐lactyl units were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry to examine the effect of the configurational structure. Avrami, Ozawa and Liu models were applied to describe the crystallization process. The Avrami analysis exhibited two stages in non‐isothermal crystallization, while the Ozawa and Liu models did not successfully describe the crystallization behaviour. The activation energy was calculated with Kissinger's method. The energy barrier was found to be the same for PLLA and PLA98 with a value of 126 kJ mol−1. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential misinterpretation of infant lung function unless prospective healthy controls are studied
Authors: Lum Sooky , Hoo Ah‐Fong , Hulskamp Georg , Wade Angie , Stocks Janet 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRationaleReliable interpretation of pulmonary function tests relies on appropriate reference data, which remain very limited for infants.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the validity of published reference equations for forced expiratory flow‐volume (FEFV) data in infants when using current, commercially available equipment, and how this could impact on interpretation of results from infants with lung disease.MethodsThe Jaeger Masterscreen BabyBody (v4.67) equipment was used to perform partial and raised volume FEFV maneuvers in healthy infants and those with cystic fibrosis (CF). Results were initially expressed as Z‐scores using published reference equations. Multilevel modeling was used to calculate differences, if any, from predicted scores in healthy infants.ResultsData were available from 66 healthy full term infants on 89 test occasions; [median (range) postnatal age 49.4 (12–101) weeks. All FEFV outcomes were significantly lower than predicted, with mean (SD) Z‐score differences of −0.4 (1.1) for FVC; −0.6 (1.0) for FEV0.5; −1.0 (1.0) for FEF25–75 and −1.4 (1.1) for V'maxFRC. After adjustments using multilevel modeling, mean Z‐scores were within 0.1 (SD∼1.0) predicted for all outcomes in healthy infants. Among 50 infants with CF, studied on 85 test occasions, results were “abnormal” (<−1.96 Z‐scores) on 35 (41%) and 37 (45%) test occasions for FEV0.5 and FEF25–75, respectively, when using published equations. This fell to 24 (28%) and 20 (24%), respectively, after adjustment.ConclusionsDependence on published equations for interpreting FEFV data in infants may lead to misinterpretation of lung function status, which could impact adversely both in the research setting and on clinical management. Use of a contemporary control group or establishment of equipment‐specific reference data is essential for meaningful interpretation of infant lung function data. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2010; 45:906–913. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.