bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of left atrial strain in aortic stenosis: A systematic review
Authors: Lacy Spencer C. , Thomas James D. , Syed Mushabbar A. , Kinno Menhel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeAortic stenosis (AS) is a common valvular heart disease with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, the association between peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) and AS clinical outcomes has been identified. This systematic review evaluates the prognostic value of PALS for adverse events in AS.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature review to identify clinical studies that evaluated Speckle–Tracking Echocardiography (STE)‐derived PALS to predict adverse outcomes in patients with AS. We excluded studies that compared echocardiography to computed tomography and studies that focused on diseases other than AS.ResultsWe included 18 studies reporting on 2660 patients. Patients with symptomatic AS had decreased PALS when compared to patients with asymptomatic AS. Patients with AS who had adverse events had decreased PALS when compared to patients with AS with no events. Each unit increase of PALS was independently associated with decreased risk for the primary endpoint. PALS cut‐off values were associated with increased risk for the primary endpoint.ConclusionThis systematic review suggests PALS as an independent predictor for cardiovascular events in patients with AS and highlights the importance of evaluating LA mechanics for AS prognosis.
Evolution of Chinese futures markets from a high frequency perspective
Authors: Li Zhengqiang , Wang Tao , Drapeau Samuel , Tao Xuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐frequency trading (HFT) and algorithmic trading (AT) have attracted considerable attention from the academic and regulatory communities, often highlighted for their contributions to enhancing market liquidity. However, the distinctive market framework in China may alter the operational dynamics of intraday trading, indicating that traditional HFT/AT paradigms might not fully apply. This study investigates the evolution of market quality in China from an HFT/AT perspective, using publicly available high‐frequency data for six futures products traded on the Shanghai Futures Exchange and the Dalian Commodity Exchange. Our findings reveals improvements in contract continuity and liquidity diversification from a daily perspective. Furthermore, the intraday analysis—especially following the increased availability of more granular data to market participants—suggests the emergence of more sophisticated algorithmic traders who enhance liquidity provision and contribute to reduced slippage costs for investors and hedgers.
First description of redds of the only non‐introgressed population of a critically endangered salmonid in a stream vulnerable to droughts
Authors: Duchi Antonino 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLocation, dimensions, substrate and depth of the redds of the only non‐introgressed population of the critically endangered Mediterranean trout Salmo cettii Rafinesque 1810 were investigated over 2 days, in January–February 2021, in a reach located in the headwaters of Tellesimo stream, Sicily. The habitat type (pool, riffle and glide) was identified for all the 13 redds observed; lengths, widths, depths and substrate size were measured in a sample of them. Eighty‐five percent of the redds were located in pools and 15% in glides; no redd was found in riffles. The median total redd length was 80 cm (range: 43–580 cm; n = 11), and the median total area was 0.20 m2 (range: 0.01–2.09 m2; n = 11). The median size of dominant substrate in pot was 0.65 cm (range: 0.20–2 cm) and in tailspill 1.25 cm (range: 0.50–2.00 cm). Redds were found at median water depth of 27.5 cm (range: 12–98 cm). These results represent the first description of the characteristics of the spawning nests of this autochthonous salmonid.
Exploring undiscovered public knowledge in neuroscience
Authors: França Thiago F. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this essay, I argue that the combination of research synthesis and philosophical methods can fill an important methodological gap in neuroscience. While experimental research and formal modelling have seen their methods progressively increase in rigour and sophistication over the years, the task of analysing and synthesizing the vast literature reporting new results and models has lagged behind. The problem is aggravated because neuroscience has grown and expanded into a vast mosaic of related but partially independent subfields, each with their own literatures. This fragmentation not only makes it difficult to see the full picture emerging from neuroscience research but also limits progress in individual subfields. The current neuroscience literature has the perfect conditions to create what the information scientist Don Swanson called “undiscovered public knowledge”—knowledge that exists in the mutual implications of different published pieces of information but that is nonetheless undiscovered because those pieces have not been explicitly connected. Current methods for rigorous research synthesis, such as systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, mostly focus on combining similar studies and are not suited for exploring undiscovered public knowledge. To that aim, they need to be adapted and supplemented. I argue that successful exploration of the hidden implications in the neuroscience literature will require the combination of these adapted research synthesis methods with philosophical methods for rigorous (and creative) analysis and synthesis.
Interactive effects of climate warming and management on grassland soil respiration partitioning
Authors: Barneze Arlete S. , Whitaker Jeanette , McNamara Niall P. , Ostle Nicholas J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGrassland ecosystems are important for the provision of food, fuel and fibre. They represent globally important carbon (C) reservoirs that are under pressure from intensive management and ongoing climate change. How these drivers of change will interact to affect grassland soil C and nitrogen (N) cycling and heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration remains uncertain. Roots and mycelia in grassland soil are important regulators of ecosystem functioning and likely to be an influential determinant of CO2 fluxes responses to global change. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of climate warming and grassland management on soil respiration originating from roots rhizosphere, mycelia and free‐living microbes. The experiment used a block design to measure the interactive effects of warming, nitrogen addition, aboveground biomass (AGB) removal on belowground respiration in a temperate grassland ecosystem. An in‐growth core method using cores with different mesh sizes was used to partition belowground respiration due to its simplicity of design and efficacy. We found that basal respiration (free‐living microorganisms) was the highest (58.5% of the total emissions), followed by that from roots (22.8%) and mycelia (18.7%) across all treatments. Warming reduced basal respiration whilst AGB removal increased it. An antagonistic interaction between warming and nitrogen addition reduced root respiration, and a three‐way interaction between warming, nitrogen addition and AGB removal affected mycelial respiration. The results show different contributions of belowground biota to soil respiration, and how interactions between climate change and grassland management may influence effects on soil respiration.
NETmicroplastic in agricultural soil and its impact on soil properties
Authors: Preininger Claudia , Hackl Evelyn , Stagl Viktoria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImplementing “soil health” means sustainable management of agricultural soils, avoiding toxicities, and sensible use of resources to minimize waste. In this context, the use of plastic in agriculture in form of plastic products, the application of polymers and additives in fertilizers, and plastic input through littering and tyre wear demands our special attention. Uncertainty and open questions relating to effects of plastic and its degradation products such as microplastic (MP) on the soil environment, the soil biota, and human health partly result from the lack of robust and standardized detection and measurement methods. Also, environmental, economic, and societal problems around MPs in soil cannot be adequately addressed due to lack of coordination among the various relevant players and initiatives in research and policy. NETmicroplastic (www.net-microplastic.eu) responds to the need of connecting among a fragmented research & innovation and policy landscape by creating a community‐supported environment. The network fosters provision of solid data for science‐based impact assessment of MP in soil together with much‐needed technological innovations, including biodegradable alternatives to conventional plastic. Here, we reflect upon a number of action fields that are key to the NETmicroplastic initiative from small to large‐scale perspectives. In addition, we portray the overall awareness situation around MP in soil.
Worldwide diversity in mammalian life histories: Environmental realms and evolutionary adaptations
Authors: Beccari E. , Capdevila P. , Salguero‐Gómez R. , Carmona C. P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMammalian life history strategies can be characterised by a few axes of variation, conforming a space where species are positioned based on the life history strategies favoured in the environment they exploit. Yet, we still lack global descriptions of the diversity of realised mammalian life history and how this diversity is shaped by the environment. We used six life history traits to build a life history space covering worldwide mammalian adaptation, and we explored how environmental realms (land, air, water) influence mammalian life history strategies. We demonstrate that realms are tightly linked to distinct life history strategies. Aquatic and aerial species predominantly adhere to slower life history strategies, while terrestrial species exhibit faster life histories. Highly encephalised terrestrial species are a notable exception to these patterns. Furthermore, we show that different mode of life may play a significant role in expanding the set of strategies exploitable in the terrestrial realm. Additionally, species transitioning between terrestrial and aquatic realms, such as seals, exhibit intermediate life history strategies. Our results provide compelling evidence of the link between environmental realms and the life history diversity of mammals, highlighting the importance of differences in mode of life to expand life history diversity.
The changing landscape of electrical stimulation language mapping with subdural electrodes and stereoelectroencephalography for pediatric epilepsy: A literature review and commentary
Authors: Reecher Hope M. , Bearden Donald J. , Koop Jennifer I. , Berl Madison M. , Patrick Kristina E. , Ailion Alyssa S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrical stimulation mapping (ESM) is used to locate the brain areas supporting language directly within the human cortex to minimize the risk of functional decline following epilepsy surgery. ESM is completed by utilizing subdural grid or depth electrodes (stereo‐electroencephalography [sEEG]) in combination with behavioral evaluation of language. Despite technological advances, there is no standardized method of assessing language during pediatric ESM. To identify current clinical practices for pediatric ESM of language, we surveyed neuropsychologists in the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium. Results indicated that sEEG is used for functional mapping at >80% of participating epilepsy surgery centers (n = 13/16) in the United States. However, >65% of sites did not report a standardized protocol to map language. Survey results indicated a clear need for practice recommendations regarding ESM of language. We then utilized PubMed/Medline and PsychInfo to identify 42 articles that reported on ESM of language, of which 18 met inclusion criteria, which included use of ESM/signal recording to localize language regions in children (<21 years) and a detailed account of the procedure and language measures used, and region‐specific language localization outcomes. Articles were grouped based on the language domain assessed, language measures used, and the brain regions involved. Our review revealed the need for evidence‐based clinical guidelines for pediatric language paradigms during ESM and a standardized language mapping protocol as well as standardized reporting of brain regions in research. Relevant limitations and future directions are discussed with a focus on considerations for pediatric language mapping.
Lesions sub‐diagnostic of endometrioid intra‐epithelial neoplasia/atypical hyperplasia: value of morphology and immunohistochemistry in predicting neoplastic outcome
Authors: Wyvekens Nicolas , Mutter George L , Nucci Marisa R , Kolin David L , Parra‐Herran Carlos 
Published: May 2024

AimsAreas of gland crowding that do not fulfil diagnostic criteria of endometrioid intra‐epithelial neoplasia (EIN) are often encountered in endometrial biopsies. In this study, we document the prevalence of neoplastic outcome in patients with these subdiagnostic lesions (SL) and assess the utility of morphological features and a three‐marker immunohistochemistry panel (PAX2, PTEN, beta‐catenin) to predict outcome.Methods and resultsOf 430 women with SL on endometrial sampling at Brigham and Women's Hospital between 2001 and 2021 with available follow‐up biopsy, 72 (17%) had a neoplastic outcome (EIN or endometrioid carcinoma). Multilayered epithelium and mitoses in SL were statistically associated with a neoplastic outcome. Abnormal three‐marker staining was observed in 93% (53 of 57) of SL with neoplastic outcome and 60% (37 of 62) of a control group with benign outcome. Among the 72 patients with neoplastic outcome, EIN/carcinoma tissue was available in 33; of these, 30 (91%) showed abnormal staining for one or more markers. Remarkably, in 84% of these cases the EIN/carcinoma had the aberrant expression seen in the preceding SL. Based on a prevalence of 17%, the positive and negative predictive values of abnormal staining in one or more markers were 24 and 97%, respectively.ConclusionsThe presence of SL warrants clinical surveillance and repeat sampling because it is followed by endometrioid neoplasia in a significant subset of patients. Normal three‐marker staining identifies women with a very low risk of neoplastic outcome. Conversely, abnormal staining is frequent in SL with benign outcome leading to poor specificity and positive predictive value.
The cynipid gall wasp Diplolepis rosae is more successful in North America than in Europe because of enemy release
Authors: László Zoltán , Looney Chris , Prázsmári Hunor , Poor Emily , Shorthouse Joseph D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Enemy Release Hypothesis predicts that introduced species in their new range are freed from natural enemies (e.g., pathogens, parasitoids and predators) that control their populations.
Diplolepis rosae (Hymenoptera, Diplolepididae), native to the Western Palearctic, induces readily apparent galls on wild roses (Rosa spp.) that support a robust component community of inquilines, parasitoids and hyperparasitoids in its native range. D. rosae was introduced to North America in the mid‐1800s, and has since become widespread and common across the continent.
We compared the insect communities associated with D. rosae galls from Canada and the US Pacific Northwest with those of Eastern Europe.
Throughout its introduced range, parasitism rates were lower compared with galls in their natural range. Component communities were also less diverse and species‐rich. The relationship between gall size and parasitism rates showed no significant difference between the two continents.
These results show that the component community in its introduced range is depauperate and provide support for the Enemy Release Hypothesis.
Genome evolution in intracellular parasites: Microsporidia and Apicomplexa
Authors: Khalaf Amjad , Francis Ore , Blaxter Mark L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicrosporidia and Apicomplexa are eukaryotic, single‐celled, intracellular parasites with huge public health and economic importance. Typically, these parasites are studied separately, emphasizing their uniqueness and diversity. In this review, we explore the huge amount of genomic data that has recently become available for the two groups. We compare and contrast their genome evolution and discuss how their transitions to intracellular life may have shaped it. In particular, we explore genome reduction and compaction, genome expansion and ploidy, gene shuffling and rearrangements, and the evolution of centromeres and telomeres.
Cardiac development demystified by use of the HDBR atlas
Authors: Anderson Robert H. , Kerwin Janet , Lamers Wouter H. , Hikspoors Jill P. J. M. , Mohun Timothy J. , Chaudhry Bill , Lisgo Steven , Henderson Deborah J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMuch has been learned over the last half century regarding the molecular and genetic changes that take place during cardiac development. As yet, however, these advances have not been translated into knowledge regarding the marked changes that take place in the anatomical arrangements of the different cardiac components. As such, therefore, many aspects of cardiac development are still described on the basis of speculation rather than evidence. In this review, we show how controversial aspects of development can readily be arbitrated by the interested spectator by taking advantage of the material now gathered together in the Human Developmental Biology Resource; HDBR. We use the material to demonstrate the changes taking place during the formation of the ventricular loop, the expansion of the atrioventricular canal, the incorporation of the systemic venous sinus, the formation of the pulmonary vein, the process of atrial septation, the remodelling of the pharyngeal arches, the major changes occurring during formation of the outflow tract, the closure of the embryonic interventricular communication, and the formation of the ventricular walls. We suggest that access to the resource makes it possible for the interested observer to arbitrate, for themselves, the ongoing controversies that continue to plague the understanding of cardiac development.
Factors affecting quality of life in hepatitis B patients in Herat, Afghanistan: A case–control study
Authors: Shayan Nasar Ahmad , Rahimi Ali , Stranges Saverio , Thind Amardeep 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHepatitis B virus is a global health concern with a high death rate in Afghanistan. Limited data exist on the disease's impact on quality of life in low‐resource settings. This case–control study aims to identify potential risk factors and assess the quality of life among hepatitis B patients in Herat, Afghanistan, with a focus on sex differences. Understanding these factors can inform prevention, care, and sex‐specific interventions. A cross‐sectional study conducted at Herat Regional Hospital examined hepatitis B patients above 18 years old, between October 2020 and February 2021. The control group consisted of age and sex‐matched individuals without a history of hepatitis B. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering socio‐demographic characteristics, signs and symptoms of hepatitis B, and the SF‐36 questionnaire for measuring the quality of life of study participants. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate General Linear Models, and logistic regression. We identified several potential risk factors for hepatitis B infection, including male sex, younger age groups, tobacco use, lower education levels, rural residence, family history, weak social networks, specific family structures and underlying chronic diseases (p < .05). The study found that hepatitis B cases had significantly lower mean scores across all SF‐36 components, indicating an overall reduced quality of life (p < .05). These differences were more pronounced in males, although females had lower scores in most components. Role limitations due to physical and emotional health were particularly affected. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions, sex‐specific strategies, improved healthcare access and comprehensive policies. These findings can inform prevention efforts to improve the overall quality of life of people with hepatitis B in Afghanistan.
Pediatric catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome with extensive skin involvement
Authors: Pradhan Swetalina , Sinha Asmita , Dash Gaurav , Ojha Vishnu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a state of hypercoagulability due to persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) in the blood. Catastrophic APS (CAPS) is a severe form with higher morbidity and mortality in which there occurs widespread thrombosis in multiple organs and hence warrants early diagnosis and aggressive management. We report a case of pediatric CAPS with extensive cutaneous involvement precipitated by infection successfully treated with the combination of high dose systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics, long‐term anticoagulation, and wound care.
Carcinogenic risk in patients treated with UVA‐1 phototherapy: A 5‐year retrospective study
Authors: Cosetti Davide , Cioppa Vittoria , Rubegni Pietro , Trovato Emanuele 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundUVA‐1 phototherapy was first used to treat atopic dermatitis and afterwards to several other skin diseases. The contribution of UVA‐1 in human photocarcinogenesis, skin photoaging, immune suppression, and hyperpigmentation is now well established. The actual contribution of UVA‐1 radiation to the development of malignant melanoma (MM) in humans cannot be excluded.PurposeThe aim of the study is to evaluate the risk of developing skin cancers (non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) and MM) in patients treated with UVA‐1 phototherapy with a 5‐year dermatological follow‐up.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study with 31 patients with morphea and atopic dermatitis treated with medium dose UVA‐1 phototherapy (34 J/cm2). All enrolled patients underwent an oncologic prevention visit annually with a 5‐year follow‐up with clinical evaluation of the entire skin surface.ResultsDuring the 5‐year follow‐up, we recorded a case of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the cervical region and one case of MM on the back (pT1a). In both cases, the patients were female and affected by morphea. The Glogau 3 group is prevalent (42%), which is consistent with moderate to severe aging; the data appear to be compatible with the age.ConclusionsThis study attests that medium‐dose UVA‐1 phototherapy does not increase the risk of developing skin tumors and that UVA‐1 phototherapy is not a worsening factor of facial photoaging. The main limitation of the study is the small sample size, avoiding to obtain statistically significant values. It was not possible to analyze individually the actual daily sun exposure during the 5‐year observation period and to correlate it in terms of time and tumor development. Further studies with large sample sizes will be needed to confirm our data. Our study reaffirms how the dermatological examination performed annually is essential in the follow‐up of patients undergoing this type of therapy.