bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of cardiac patch with decellularized porcine myocardial scaffold and bone marrow mononuclear cells
Authors: Wang Bo , Borazjani Ali , Tahai Mina , de Jongh Curry Amy L. , Simionescu Dan T. , Guan Jianjun , To Filip , Elder Steve H. , Liao Jun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTissue engineered cardiac grafts are a promising therapeutic mode for ventricular wall reconstruction. Recently, it has been found that acellular tissue scaffolds provide natural ultrastructural, mechanical, and compositional cues for recellularization and tissue remodeling. We thus assess the potential of decellularized porcine myocardium as a scaffold for thick cardiac patch tissue engineering. Myocardial sections with 2‐mm thickness were decellularized using 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and then reseeded with differentiated bone marrow mononuclear cells. We found that thorough decellularization could be achieved after 2.5 weeks of treatment. Reseeded cells were found to infiltrate and proliferate in the tissue constructs. Immunohistological staining studies showed that the reseeded cells maintained cardiomyocyte‐like phenotype and possible endothelialization was found in locations close to vasculature channels, indicating angiogenesis potential. Both biaxial and uniaxial mechanical testing showed a stiffer mechanical response of the acellular myocardial scaffolds; however, tissue extensibility and tensile modulus were found to recover in the constructs along with the culture time, as expected from increased cellular content. The cardiac patch that we envision for clinical application will benefit from the natural architecture of myocardial extracellular matrix, which has the potential to promote stem cell differentiation, cardiac regeneration, and angiogenesis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Behavior of human chondrocytes in engineered porous bacterial cellulose scaffolds
Authors: Andersson Jessica , Stenhamre Hanna , Bäckdahl Henrik , Gatenholm Paul 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRegeneration of articular cartilage damage is an area of great interest due to the limited ability of cartilage to self‐repair. The latest cartilage repair strategies are dependent on access to biomaterials to which chondrocytes can attach and in which they can migrate and proliferate, producing their own extracellular matrix. In the present study, engineered porous bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds were prepared by fermentation ofAcetobacter xylinum(A. xylinum) in the presence of slightly fused wax particles with a diameter of 150–300 μm, which were then removed by extrusion. This porous material was evaluated as a scaffold for cartilage regeneration. Articular chondrocytes from young adult patients as well as neonatal articular chondrocytes were seeded with various seeding techniques onto the porous BC scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and confocal microscopy analysis showed that cells entered the pores of the scaffolds and that they increasingly filled out the pores over time. Furthermore, DNA analysis implied that the chondrocytes proliferated within the porous BC. Alcian blue van Gieson staining revealed glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production by chondrocytes in areas where cells were clustered together. With some further development, this novel biomaterial can be a suitable candidate for cartilage regeneration applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Biochanin A induction of sulfotransferases in rats
Authors: Chen Yue , Huang Chaoqun , Zhou Tianyan , Zhang Shunfen , Chen Guangping 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBiochanin A (BCA) is a dietary isoflavone present in red clover (Trifoliumn pretense) and many herbal products. BCA has been reported to have chemopreventive actions against various cancers including prostate, breast, colon cancer, and so on. Sulfotransferases are a family of phase II drug‐metabolizing enzymes, which are important for xenobiotic detoxification and regulation of biological signaling molecule biological activities. Sulfotransferase gene expressions are regulated by different hormones and xenobiotics. Improper regulation of sulfotransferases leads to improper functions of biological signaling molecules, which in turn can cause cancer or other diseases. BCA inhibits the enzyme activities of the phase I drug‐metabolizing enzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in Chinese hamster ovary cells and induces the phase II drug‐metabolizing enzymes UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases in human prostate cancer cells. BCA induction of sulfotransferases has not been studied. This investigation evaluates the in vivo regulation of sulfotransferases at protein and mRNA levels in the liver and intestine of Sprague‐Dawley rats treated with BCA (0, 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. Our experimental results demonstrate for the first time that chronic BCA treatment can significantly induce the expression of rat sulfotransferase 1A1 (rSULT1A1, AST‐IV), sulfotransferase 2A1 (rSULT2A1, STa), and rat estrogen sulfotransferase (rSULT1E1, EST) in rat liver and intestine. Our Western blot results are in good agreement with real‐time RT‐PCR data, suggesting that BCA induction of sulfotransferases occurs at the transcriptional level. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:102–114, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20318
Preventive effect of caffeic acid on lysosomal dysfunction in isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarcted rats
Authors: Senthil Kumaran K. , Stanely Mainzen Prince P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe evaluated the preventive effect of caffeic acid (CA) on lysosomal enzymes in isoproterenol (ISO)‐treated myocardial infarcted rats. Male albino Wistar rats were pretreated with CA (15 mg/kg) daily for a period of 10 days. After the pretreatment period, ISO (100 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected to rats twice at an interval of 24 h. The activity of serum creatine kinase‐MB and lactate dehydrogenase was increased significantly (P < 0.05) in ISO‐induced myocardial infarcted rats. The levels of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, and the level of plasma‐reduced glutathione was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in ISO‐induced myocardial infarcted rats. The activities of lysosomal enzymes (β‐glucuronidase, β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase, β‐galactosidase, cathepsin‐B and cathepsin‐D) were increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the serum and heart of ISO‐induced myocardial infarcted rats. ISO induction also resulted in decreased stability of membranes, which was reflected by lowered activities of β‐glucuronidase and cathepsin‐D in different fractions except cytosol. Pretreatment with CA (15 mg/kg) to ISO‐treated rats significantly (P < 0.05) prevented the changes in the activities of cardiac marker enzymes, the levels of lipid peroxidation products, reduced glutathione and the activities of lysosomal enzymes in the serum, heart, and subcellular fractions. Oral treatment with CA (15 mg/kg) to normal control rats did not show any significant effect. Thus, the results of our study showed that CA prevented the lysosomal membrane damage against ISO‐induced myocardial infarction. The observed effects of CA are due to membrane‐stabilizing, antilipo peroxidative, and antioxidant effects. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:115–122, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20319
The induction of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, superoxide anion, myeloperoxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the peritoneal lavage cells of mice after prolonged exposure to dichloroacetate and trichloroacetate
Authors: Hassoun Ezdihar A. , Spildener Jessica , Cearfoss Jacquelyn 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe induction of phagocytic activation in response to prolonged treatment with different doses of dichloroacetate (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA) has been investigated in mice. Groups of B6C3F1 male mice were administered 7.7, 77, 154, and 410 mg of DCA or TCA/kg/day, postorally, for 4‐ and 13‐weeks. Peritoneal lavage cells (PLCs) were isolated and assayed for the different biomarkers of phagocytyic activation, including superoxide anion (SA), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). In addition, the role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the SA production was also assessed. DCA and TCA produced significant and dose‐dependent increases in SA and TNF‐α production and in MPO activity, but the increases in response to the high doses of the compounds (>77 mg/kg/day) in the 13‐week treatment period were less significant than those produced in the 4‐week treatment period. Also, dose‐dependent increases in SOD activity were observed in both periods of treatments. In general, the results demonstrate significant induction of the biomarkers of phagocytic activation by doses of DCA and TCA that were previously shown to be noncarcinogenic, with significantly greater increases observed at the earlier period of exposure, as compared with later period. These findings may argue against the contribution of those mechanisms to the hepatotoxicity/hepatocarcinogenicity of the compounds and suggest them to be early adaptive/ protective mechanisms against their long‐term effects. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:136–144, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20322
Expression of a novel tropomyosin isoform in axolotl heart and skeletal muscle
Authors: Thomas Anish , Rajan Sudarsan , Thurston Harold L. , Masineni Sreeharsha N. , Dube Preeti , Bose Abhishek , Muthu Vasundhara , Dube Syamalima , Wieczorek David F. , Poiesz Bernard J. , Dube Dipak K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTPM1κ is an alternatively spliced isoform of the TPM1 gene whose specific role in cardiac development and disease is yet to be elucidated. Although mRNA studies have shown TPM1κ expression in axolotl heart and skeletal muscle, it has not been quantified. Also the presence of TPM1κ protein in axolotl heart and skeletal muscle has not been demonstrated. In this study, we quantified TPM1κ mRNA expression in axolotl heart and skeletal muscle. Using a newly developed TPM1κ specific antibody, we demonstrated the expression and incorporation of TPM1κ protein in myofibrils of axolotl heart and skeletal muscle. The results support the potential role of TPM1κ in myofibrillogenesis and sarcomeric function. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 875–881, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute pancreatitis
Authors: Munsell Melissa A. , Buscaglia Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAcute pancreatitis is a common disease most frequently caused by gallstone disease or excess alcohol ingestion. Diagnosis is usually based on characteristic symptoms, often in conjunction with elevated serum pancreatic enzymes. Imaging is not always necessary, but may be performed for many reasons, such as to confirm a diagnosis of pancreatitis, rule out other causes of abdominal pain, elucidate the cause of pancreatitis, or to evaluate for complications such as necrosis or pseudocysts. Though the majority of patients will have mild, self‐limiting disease, some will develop severe disease associated with organ failure. These patients are at risk to develop complications from ongoing pancreatic inflammation such as pancreatic necrosis, fluid collections, pseudocysts, and pancreatic duct disruption. Validated scoring systems can help predict the severity of pancreatitis, and thus, guide monitoring and intervention.Treatment of acute pancreatitis involves supportive care with fluid replacement, pain control, and controlled initiation of regular food intake. Prophylactic antibiotics are not recommended in acute pancreatitis if there is no evidence of pancreatic infection. In patients who fail to improve, further evaluation is necessary to assess for complications that require intervention such as pseudocysts or pancreatic necrosis. Endoscopy, including ERCP and EUS, and/or cholecystectomy may be indicated in the appropriate clinical setting. Ultimately, the management of the patient with severe acute pancreatitis will require a multidisciplinary approach. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:241–250. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Integrating pediatric hospitalists in the academic health science center: Practice and perceptions in a canadian center
Authors: Mahant Sanjay , Mekky Magda , Parkin Patricia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The integration of hospitalists in academic settings has been identified as a challenge to the hospitalist movement. The Division of Pediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, was established in 1981, providing a rich resource to examine this field in the academic context and inform academic program development.OBJECTIVES:To explore the characteristics, practice, perceptions, and contributions of pediatric hospital medicine in an academic health science center (AHSC).METHODS:A cross‐sectional survey of physicians attending on the pediatric medicine inpatient unit (PMIU) (n = 20).RESULTS:Clinical activity included attending on the PMIU, consultation and comanagement outside the PMIU, and outpatient care of “hospital intense” patients. There was a high level of engagement in research, education, and quality improvement activities. Perceived advantages to a career as a hospitalist included: working in a team; generalist approach to care; stability relative to community practice; intellectually stimulating and rewarding work; and growing area for scholarship. Perceived disadvantages to a career as a hospitalist included: burnout; recognition and respect; and lack of long‐term relationships with patients. Themes regarding barriers to establishing a career as a hospitalist in an AHSC were as follows: burnout; time and skills to develop an academic niche; balance between clinical and academic priorities; and system for career advancement.CONCLUSIONS:The contributions of pediatric hospitalists to the academic mission were diverse. Fellowship training, faculty development, and balance between time allocated to direct patient care and academic pursuits should be defined. This will help ensure career development, viability, and realization of excellence in the academic context. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:228–233. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Treatment of lactic acidosis: Appropriate confusion
Authors: Rachoin Jean‐Sebastien , Weisberg Lawrence S. , McFadden Christopher B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Lactic acidosis (LA) is common in hospitalized patients and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. There have been major recent advances in our understanding of lactate generation and physiology. However, treatment of LA is an area of controversy and uncertainty, and the use of agents to raise pH is not clearly beneficial.AIM AND METHODS:We reviewed animal and human studies on the pathogenesis, impact, and treatment of LA, published in the English language and available through the PubMed/MEDLINE database. Our aim was to clarify the physiology of the generation of LA, its impact on outcomes, and the different treatment modalities available. We also examined relevant data regarding LA induced by medications commonly prescribed by hospitalists: biguanides, nucleoside analog reverse‐transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), linezolid, and lorazepam.RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS:Lactic acid is a marker of tissue ischemia but it also may accumulate without tissue hypoperfusion. In the latter circumstance, lactic acid accumulation may be an adaptive mechanism—a novel possibility quite in contrast to the traditional view of lactic acid as only a marker of tissue ischemia. Studies on the treatment of LA with sodium bicarbonate or other buffers fail to show consistent clinical benefit. Severe acidemia in the setting of LA is a particularly poorly studied area. In the settings of medication‐induced LA, optimal treatment, apart from prompt cessation of the offending agent, is still unclear. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:E1–E7. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Cross‐sectional analysis of hospitalist prevalence and quality of care in California
Authors: Vasilevskis Eduard E. , Knebel R. Justin , Dudley R. Adams , Wachter Robert M. , Auerbach Andrew D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Hospital leaders usually provide financial support to hospitalists groups, often with an expectation of improved performance on publicly reported quality metrics. Whether the presence of hospitalists is associated with differences in hospital‐level performance is unknown.OBJECTIVE:Assess the relationship between hospitalist prevalence and quality performance.DESIGN:Cross‐sectional study.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 208 California hospitals participating in a voluntary reporting initiative.INTERVENTION:Survey of hospital personnel with knowledge of the utilization of hospitalists for patient care.MEASUREMENTS:Sixteen publicly reported quality process measures across 3 medical conditions: acute myocardial infarction (AMI); congestive heart failure (CHF); and pneumonia. Using multivariable models, we assessed the relationship between the presence of hospitalists and the percentage of missed quality opportunities for each process measure.RESULTS:Of 208 eligible hospitals, 170 (82%) had hospitalist services. After adjustment, hospitals with hospitalists had similar performance for cardiac and pneumonia measures assessed at admission and fewer missed processes for CHF measures assessed at discharge. Among sites with hospitalists, every 10% increase in the estimated percentage of patients admitted by hospitalists was associated with 0.5% fewer (P < 0.001) missed quality opportunities for AMI at admission, and 0.6% (P < 0.001), 0.5% (P = 0.004), and 1.5% (P = 0.006) fewer missed quality opportunities for AMI, CHF, and pneumonia assessed at discharge, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The presence of hospitalists in California was associated with modest improvements in performance on publicly reported process measures. Whether hospitalists directly improve quality or simply reflect a hospital's level of investment in quality remains a subject for future study. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:200–207. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) with associated S. aureus bacteriuria (SABU) as a predictor of complications and mortality
Authors: Perez‐Jorge Emilio V. , Burdette Steven D. , Markert Ronald J. , Beam William B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Staphylococcus aureus (SA) bacteremia (SAB) is associated with a high rate of complications, most of which are related to hematogenous seeding into deep tissues or prosthetic material. SA bacteriuria (SABU) has been described in association with SAB, but has not been evaluated as a predictor for complicated bacteremia, which was the objective of our study.METHODS (DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS):We conducted a retrospective study of patients admitted to the hospital with SAB. The 118 patients included in the study were divided in 2 cohorts: a group with SABU and a group without SA in the urine. We followed the 2 cohorts for an average of 8 months and evaluated the differences in complications and mortality.RESULTS:SABU was found in 28 of 118 patients with SAB. Eighteen patients (64%) in this group had complications from the bacteremia, while in the group without SABU only 33% (30/90 patients) had complications (P = 0.004). The SABU group also had more deaths (32% vs. 14%; P = 0.036).CONCLUSIONS:In this population of hospitalized patients with SAB, the presence of SABU was associated with an increased risk of early complications, including septic shock, and with higher mortality. A routine urine culture in search of SABU may be a helpful tool for detection of those patients with SAB who are at increased risk of complications and death. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:208–211. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Safety and efficacy of continuous insulin infusion in noncritical care settings
Authors: Smiley Dawn , Rhee Mary , Peng Limin , Roediger Laurian , Mulligan Patrick , Satterwhite Lewis , Bowen Patrick , Umpierrez Guillermo E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Continuous insulin infusion (CII) to manage hyperglycemia is the accepted standard of care in the intensive care unit (ICU); however, the safety and efficacy of CII in the non‐ICU setting has not been determined.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:This is a retrospective analysis of 200 consecutive patients receiving CII while admitted to general medical‐surgical units at Emory University Hospital. We evaluated clinical outcomes and rates of hyperglycemia (blood glucose [BG] >200 mg/dL) and hypoglycemia (BG <60 mg/dL) events during CII.RESULTS:A total of 200 patients (age 52 ± 16 years; male/female [M/F] 108/92) were admitted to general medicine (45%) or surgery (55%) services, 88.5% with history of diabetes and 41% treated with corticosteroids. The mean BG prior to and during the CII was 323 mg/dL and 170 mg/dL, respectively. Blood glucose of ≤150 mg/dL was the targeted goal in 85% of patients and 67% achieved a BG ≤150 mg/dL by hospital day 2. Hypoglycemia (BG <60 mg/dL) occurred at least once in 22% of patients, and severe hypoglycemia (BG <40 mg/dL) occurred in 5% of patients. Multivariate regression analyses showed that nutrition status during CII was associated with increased frequency of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Compared to patients kept nil per os (NPO), oral intake during CII increased rates of hyperglycemic (P = 0.012) and hypoglycemic events (P = 0.035).CONCLUSIONS:CII resulted in rapid and sustained glycemic control and a rate of hypoglycemic events similar to that reported in recent ICU trials. The rates of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events are significantly higher in patients allowed to eat during CII. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:212–217. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
On the modelling of DC‐DC converters: An enhanced approach
Authors: Guesmi Kamel , Hamzaoui Abdelaziz 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDC‐DC converters are nonlinear systems that can exhibit complicated phenomena, which make difficult the system behaviour analysis and the controller design. The validity of any prediction and analysis of the converter behaviour are, mainly, related to the used modelling technique. For a rigorous description, an accurate modelling technique with minimum of simplifying assumptions is needed. In this study, a more general and simple modelling method of DC‐DC converters is proposed. It is based on introducing enhancements to the existing discrete modelling approach of DC‐DC power converters to obtain an accurate description of the system behaviour with a minimum of simplifying assumptions and validity hypothesis of the model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.