bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of occupational hazards and ergonomics risk factors on young male workers in Malaysia
Authors: Shukor A 
Published: March 2011

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) are one of the occupational safety and health problems reported at the Driveshaft Assembly Line of an automotive manufacturer. During the study session, more than 20 workers on a single shift participated and each were interviewed, observed and measured. Risk assessment code and the rapid upper limb assessment method were used to estimate the hazards and risks levels respectively.Results show that the workers spend on average, about 109.24 s (or 1.82 min) to completely assemble one piece of drive shaft. Out of this, 33.18 s (about 30.3%) was allocated for lifting and carrying the driveshaft from one station to another. This activity is identified as one of the main cause for the development of WMSD. Another crucial cause of the pain from the waist/hip upward is the fact that these workers have to perform their task in a standing posture for about 2 h to 2.5 h per session in one shift. It was calculated that for each shift, about 2200 pieces of drive shaft that weights at least 7.244 kg each were assembled.Based on the study, it is clearly shown that these workers were suffering from poor working conditions, manual lifting and insertion activities. Overall, the results of this study suggest that these young workers need to be provided with proper work techniques and engineering administration in order to reduce the risks of developing severe WMSD in the future as well as physiological and psychological stresses.
Unintentional injury mortality in India, 2005 – estimates from a nationally representative mortality survey of 1.1 million homes
Authors: Jagnoor J , Keay L , Ivers R , Suraweera W , Jha P 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundStudies have suggested considerable injury mortality in India, a large proportion of these is due to unintentional injuries. However no reliable data are available to provide national estimates for these deaths.ObjectiveTo determine the mortality burden of unintentional injuries at a national level.MethodsWe analysed unintentional injury data from the Sample Registration System – Million death study from 2001 to 2003, using verbal autopsy method, in a nationally representative sample of over 125 000 deaths among 1.1 million homes.FindingsUnintentional injuries (ICD-10 codes for Chapter XX) were identified and contributed 7% to all cause mortality. Proportionate mortality was highest in the age group of 70+ years, with more than 60% injury deaths due to falls, although there is also greater misclassification of causes at older ages. The highest proportions of drowning deaths were in under 5 years (14%), the highest proportion of road traffics deaths were in the age group of 30–39 years (10%) of all unintentional deaths. Proportionate mortality due to unintentional injury in males (8%) was higher than in females (5%). Overall there was no difference in rural urban proportionate mortality, though type of injury leading to deaths differed. Road traffic injuries (29%), falls (26%) and drowning (11%) were the leading causes of injury mortality.InterpretationUnintentional injury burden in India is substantial. There is need for continued monitoring of injury mortality and understanding of specific risk factors for development of effective injury prevention programs.
Developing risk awareness among young people: an essential component in preparing young people for the world of work
Authors: Stone N 
Published: March 2011

Every 40 min, a young person will have been injured at work in Great Britain. In the last 10 years, 66 under-19s have been killed at work. All the evidence suggests that young people, particularly in the agriculture and construction sectors, have a higher than average risk of being killed or injured in the workplace. There is a small but significant group of employers who do not take these legal responsibilities seriously and fail to ensure proper training and supervision.The British Safety Council (BSC) is playing its part through funding entry level health and safety awareness qualifications for all 14–19 year olds in full time education in the UK before they embark on work experience or their first job. BSC has set aside 0.5m of its charitable funds each year over the period 2007–2017 to make that commitment reality.In its second year, 2007/08 this qualification reached 40% of UK secondary schools. Although there is still a long way to go to make this important opportunity available and accessible to all young people preparing for the world of work the early signs from emerging evidence are that the training and qualification are helping to better equip young people to understand and help manage the risk of injury and ill-health they will face in the workplace. Evaluation of the effectiveness of this programme will be available in time to share with those attending the 2010 conference.
Bicycle helmet use among children in the United States: the effects of legislation, personal and household factors
Authors: Dellinger A M , Kresnow M 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundChildren ages 5–14 years have the highest rate of bicycle-related injuries in the country. However, helmet use among US children remains low. This paper compares children's helmet use to that estimated from an earlier study, and explores regional differences by existing helmet legislation.MethodsTelephone interviews were completed by 9684 respondents. The subset with at least one child in the household (2409 respondents) answered questions about their bicycle helmet use.ResultsAlmost half (48%) of the children always wore their helmet, 23% (373) sometimes wore their helmet, and 29% (477) never wore their helmet. Helmet wearing was significantly associated with race, ethnicity and child age (p values <0.01) but was not associated with the sex of the child. Other significant predictors (p values <0.01) of helmet use included household income, household education, census region and bicycle helmet law status. State-wide laws were more effective than laws covering smaller areas. The proportion of children who always wore a helmet increased from 25% in 1994 to 48.2% in 2001–2002. Significant increases in use from 20% to 26% were seen among both sexes, younger and older children, and in all four regions of the country.ConclusionsWhile there has been substantial progress in the number of children who always wear their bicycle helmets, more than half do not. The task at hand is to maximise the use of helmets by taking full advantage of methods that promote consistent helmet use.
Road traffic fatalities among children in Ghana
Authors: Ackaah W 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveThe key objective of the study was to establish the characteristics of fatal road traffic crashes involving children (≤15 years) and to recommend measures to control them.Materials and MethodsCrash data for the period 2004–2008 in Ghana were analyzed using the micro-computer accident analysis package (MAAP) software. Recently published transport-related epidemiological and other studies provided additional data sources.ResultsSlightly over 9800 people were killed in road traffic crashes in Ghana during the 5-year period of which 19% were children. Majority (79%) of the children who died from these crashes were pedestrians. The child-pedestrian constituted 34% of all pedestrian fatalities. It was established that 76% of the children were hit by vehicles while crossing the road and were more likely to be boys (54%) than girls (46%). Compared to a child car-occupant, a child-pedestrian is about 20 times likely to die in a crash and majority (57%) of these crashes occurred on high speed roads passing through village settlements.Conclusions and RecommendationsA high number of children are at risk in traffic as pedestrians and are most likely to be killed on high speed roads in the non-urban setting. Education on road safety for children must be directed at those living in village communities along the major highways. Road engineers and planners should redesign the village road sections to calm traffic and make conscious efforts to integrate safer pedestrian facilities in new and existing roads in Ghana.
Testing knowledge gain at car seat checks
Authors: Rosenthal K , Moss J , Schween R , Smith S J , Langenburg S 
Published: March 2011

PurposeMichigan mirrors the rest of the United States in motor vehicle deaths being the leading killer of children 1 through 14 years of age.MethodsCar seat checks (CSC) are commonly held throughout the United States, but how do we know if those checks are making a difference to the safety of children. To assess if the education provided increased parents/caregivers understanding regarding child passenger safety, in January, 2009 we started administering knowledge based pre and post-tests at CSCs to all parents/caregivers receiving education.In 2009, 251 parents completed tests at a CSC. The pretest was composed of 22 questions; seven personal information and 15 questions based on general child passenger safety guidelines. Three separate unique post-tests were used indentifying the type of child restraint needed for each child; rear facing, forward facing and booster seats, each comprised of five questions. The family completed the post-test(s) that correspond with the seats checked/distributed, so one or all three tests may have been used.ResultsThe pretest average score was 61%. The post-test average score was 83%. Showing an overall increase in knowledge of 36%. Some of the areas of greatest increase include; safest seating location in vehicles had an increase of 57%, length of time for a child to be rear facing increased by 52% and proper usage of backless booster seats increased 184%. The increase in post test score is statistically significant using a CI of 95% we obtained z-score of 5.21.
Using lay home educators to provide safety messages in Dallas, TX, USA
Authors: Stephens-Stidham S , Trudeau J , Istre G , Weir C , Johnson U , Anderson R 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundHome visitation programs designed to decrease the risk of child maltreatment are well supported by research. However, there is a lack of research on the efficacy of home visitation programs conducted by lay educators. To examine if lay educators could provide education that impacts specific behaviour changes, the Injury Prevention Center of Greater Dallas partnered with the Texas Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters to implement a residential fire and scald burn prevention project.MethodsThe educators were randomly assigned into intervention and comparison groups. Pre intervention home assessments were conducted in both the intervention and comparison groups. Educators in the intervention group provided literature and one-time verbal education to participants on smoke detectors and proper hot water temperature. Educators in the comparison group only provided written literature. The post intervention assessments were conducted 2 months following the preassessment.ResultsThe prevalence of smoke detectors increased in both the comparison and intervention groups (intervention 13% increase; comparison 11% increase). In the intervention group, 14% decreased hot water temperature to at or below 120 degrees. Among the comparison group, 6% decreased hot water temperature to at or below 120 degrees.ConclusionThere were limitations in the study and a second phase will be implemented. However, the program appears to be a cost-effective method to providing safety messages to families.
Self-reported alcohol-impaired driving among adults in the United States, 2006 and 2008
Authors: Shults R A , Beck L , Dellinger A M 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundAlcohol-impaired driving crashes claim about 13 000 lives each year in the United States.ObjectiveWe estimated the prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving (AID) among adults using 2006 and 2008 data from the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).MethodsAID was assessed by asking, during the past 30 days, that is since ____, how many times have you driven when you perhaps had too much to drink? Annualised weighted estimates and rates of AID episodes were calculated for the United States and by state.ResultsOf the 754 539 BRFSS respondents in 2006 and 2008, 1.1% of women and 3.4% of men reported at least one AID episode in the past 30 days. The annualised national rate of AID episodes was 646 per 1000 population. Men aged 18–24 years, who make up 7% of the total adult population, accounted for 27% of all AID episodes. Annualised AID rates varied more than sevenfold across states, from 165 per 1000 population in Utah to 1242 per 1000 population in Iowa. States in midsection generally had higher AID rates than those in the south and northeast.ConclusionsAlcohol-impaired driving remains prevalent. These results can aid states in monitoring trends in AID and intervening with groups at greater risk for AID.
The influence of female genital mutilation on the issue of delivery and the life of newborn
Authors: Ouedraogo D 
Published: March 2011

This survey has been done in four maternity wards of Fada Ngourma in Burkina Faso from 15 June 2007 to 15 August 2007The survey concerns those who are mutilated and not who have come for delivery during this period and results have been analysed on Epi-info 3.2.Two hypothesies occur:▶The practice of FGM has an influence on the issue of delivery▶The complication of delivery may occur according to the type of female genital mutilation (FGM).The survey has four main objectives▶Describe the socio-demographic of women received during this period of survey▶Describe the main type of FGM practiced in Fada Ngourma▶Appreciate the consequences of FGM upon those who are circumcised and the issue of newborn▶Propose some solutions to fight against FGMThis survey has only one interest – reduction of this background practice in Burkina Faso.Data collection has been on 354 women and the survey shows really that there is the FGM is big risk to the delivery of women and constitutes one of the major leading complications during delivery, postpartum like episiotomy, caesarean section, stillbirth.The type II and III of FGM have the highest risk that occur during delivery.
The Advocacy In Action Study (AIAS): a randomised controlled trial of an advocacy package directed at elected councillors to improve pedestrian safety in high risk deprived neighbourhoods
Authors: Lyons R A , Kendrick D , Towner E M , Coupland C , Hayes M , Christie N , Kimberlee R , Jones S , Turner S , Brussoni M , Groom L , Macey S , Mulvaney C , Rodgers S E , Sleney J , Smith S , Stewart J , Vinogradova Y 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesTo determine whether an advocacy package aimed at elected councillors resulted in improved pedestrian safety in deprived areas.MethodsCluster randomised controlled trial involving 617 councillors from 239 wards in England and Wales, from deprived areas with high pedestrian injury rates. The intervention group were provided with information and maps on casualty sites, numbers and effective interventions. Outcomes were measured at 3, 18 and 27 months.ResultsThe intervention improved short-term outcomes such as increasing councillors interest in child accident prevention (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.16), increasing belief they could take action to help prevent child accidents (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.61), and particularly on pedestrian safety (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.03). By 18 months 63% of intervention councillors reported involvement in supporting new pedestrian road safety schemes. However, pedestrian safety measure changes were statistically non-significant: difference in road length traffic calmed (0.07 km, 95% CI: −0.07 to 0.20); proportion of schools with 20 mph zones (RR 1.47, 95% CI: 0.93 to 2.32), Safe Routes to School (RR 1.34, 95% CI: 0.83 to 2.17; or proportion providing practical pedestrian training (RR 1.23, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.61).ImplicationsThe AIAS intervention succeeded in raising councillors awareness of and interest in pedestrian safety but failed to improve engineering or educational measures of pedestrian safety. Longer term supported advocacy may be needed for change.
Analysis of gender violence cases on materials of forensic medical evaluations and data of anonymous inquires
Authors: Iskandarov A I , Ganieva S M 
Published: March 2011

Carrying out forensic medical evaluation at gender violence in the Republic of Uzbekistan is one of the important chains of disclosing, being connected with sexual violence. The aim of gender violence cases analysis.MaterialsMaterials for study were 370 cases of forensic medical evaluations in sexual crimes and 408 anonymous maps-inquiries for latent criminality study. Result of research. Schoolchildren were 35.7%, students were 16.7%. Among the schoolchildren the majority victims-girls were from professional colleges (82.7%), the rests were pupils from the secondary schools (17.3%). At study anonymous maps-inquiries on the first place by types of gender violence the force from the intimate partner was 76.2%, then sexual violence in the childhood was 12.4%, violence in adult age was 7.5% and others. The analysis of maps-inquiries allowed to underline three groups of women: (1) being undergone to gender violence from the side of intimate partner; (2) being undergone to from the side of other persons; (3) who could avoid violence at real existing threat.Conclusions(1) Gender violence is high latent kind of crimes, witnessing on data of women who doesn't address to legal protective offices (48%). (2) Monitoring of sexual crimes in the Republic of Uzbekistan is necessary. (3) Raise of public knowledge in gender violence is one of their guarantee for their prevention. (4) It is necessary to enter problems of prophylaxis violence at all stages to curriculum on the level both secondary and higher education.
Children safety in cars: polish measures contributing to increase the use of child restrain system
Authors: Dabrowska-Loranc M , Wacowska-Slezak J 
Published: March 2011

The article presents the realisation of European Road Safety Campaign in Poland. The project consisted in carrying out activities aiming at increasing the number of children properly transported in cars according to Act on Road Traffic regulations in restrains adequate for child's weight and height.All activities leading to executing the main goal of this project were realised with the support of and in cooperation with the Police, Ministry of National Education and Ministry of Transport. Motor Transport Institute was responsible for all activities undertaken within the project and its realisation in Poland. The project was realised simultaneously in 15 EU countries.The activities encompassed media campaign adjusted to each countries specificity and addressed to children (4–12 years old) and their parents. The campaign was combined with the educational programme executed in schools and kindergartens and increased police controls. These activities were recognised in Poland as social campaigns in the field of road traffic safety realised under the banner of Armadillo club always belt up.In 2005, at the beginning of the campaign the research showed that in Poland 52% of children were transported properly in cars while travelling.All research carried out annually after each edition of the campaign indicated gradual increase in the number of children transported properly according to valid regulations.Research conducted after 3 years of the campaign showed that more than 80% of children in Poland were transported properly during each car trip.
Analysing youth gangs in Glasgow
Authors: Linden W 
Published: March 2011

Youth gangs remain a considerable police and public health challenge. Knife crime is a significant cause of premature mortality and morbidity in Glasgow. Examples of gang fighting in Glasgow can be traced back to the 1700s, but the phenomena escalated in the 1840s following mass migration, rapid population expansion and the emergence of territorialism.By examining the intra and inter gang networks and the importance of territorialism, there is an opportunity to improve our understanding of the impact youth gangs have on the life choices and chances of gang members and the wider communities in which they operate.The analysis is drawn from police intelligence and crime data as well as primary research conducted with gang members and youth organisations. Application of the principles of criminal intelligence analysis when combined with anthropological study creates a picture of those involved in, or affected by, the activities of youth gangs.Territorialism and gang membership is deeply ingrained in the east end of Glasgow and the feelings of belonging and camaraderie engendered have replaced traditional family bonds. The particular impact of territorialism is far reaching on both gang members and wider communities, making it difficult for agencies to provide services. Shifting patterns of gang alliances and rivalries complicate the picture further and contribute to our understanding of violence among these groups as being largely recreational in nature. The presentation will highlight how these challenges must be overcome if we are to improve the success of prevention strategies
TAPE-a web based tool for monitoring injuries in elderly care
Authors: Nurmi-Luthje I , Karjalainen K , Pauna M 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveRemarkable amount of injuries among older people takes place in Finland every year. However, systematic injury registration is lacking. Injuries cause suffering for victims and remarkable costs for the society. One goal of the Finnish Centre for Injury and Violence Prevention was to create a web-based application for recording and monitoring injury data in order to use the data for injury prevention.Material and MethodsDatabases for injuries taking place among older people in hospital inpatient care and institutional care, in municipal home-care as well as in municipal and private residential care were planned with the professionals of elderly care. Consequently, in cooperation with a Finnish software company, TAPE software was developed. TAPE was adopted gradually in 2006. Details on injuries and injury related factors are prospectively recorded by the staffs. TAPE data reporting is in real time: all the recorded injury data can be viewed immediately as graphs.ResultsTAPE is in active use in the units of elderly care. So far, around 6500 injuries have been recorded and several injury hazards recognised by the TAPE software. On the basis of TAPE data, preventive interventions have been implemented in facilities.DiscussionThe main purpose of TAPE software is to use it for injury prevention as near as possible to the scene. However, it is a tool for safety management and promotion for those in charge, as well. The feedback received from the software users is important and it is used for the further development and improvement of the tool.