bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Analysis of Multistage Deep Drawing of AA5754 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Paćko M. , Dukat M. , Śleboda T. , Hojny M. 
Published: December 2010

The Analysis of Multistage Deep Drawing of AA5754 Aluminum AlloyThis work is focused on the multistage deep drawing of AA5754 aluminum alloy box-type part with flange. Both experimental and numerical analysis were performed in this study to predict causes of contraction and cracking occurring in deformed product in respect to the changes of friction conditions on tool-drawn part contact surface. The numerical simulations were performed using eta/DYNAFORM software and LS-DYNA® solver. The research showed, that the results of the simulation are in very good agreement with the results of the real multistage deep drawing processes. Moreover, this study showed, that proper conditions of friction on the tool-drawpiece contact surface is crucial for the correctness of the analyzed deep drawing process. Too large friction can restrict the material flow, particularly along the edge connecting the bottom and side-walls of the drawpiece, causing wrinkling and cracking.
Computer Control of a 3 MV Van de Graaff Accelerator
Authors: Lopes José , Alegria Francisco , Redondo Luís , Rocha Jorge , Alves Eduardo 
Published: December 2010

Computer Control of a 3 MV Van de Graaff AcceleratorThe development of accurate computer control of a 3 MV Van de Graaff accelerator operation is described. The developed system comprises the accelerator turn-on and turn-off procedures during a normal run, which includes the setting of the terminal voltage, ion source light up, beam focusing and control of ion beam current and energy during operation. In addition, the computer monitors the vacuum and is able to make a detail register of the most important events during a normal run. The computer control system uses a LabVIEW application for interaction with the operator and an I/O board that interfaces the computer and the accelerator system. For everyday operating conditions the control implemented is able to turn-on and off the machine in about the same time as a specialized technician. In addition, today more users can make experiments in the accelerator without the help of a specialized operator, which in turns increases the number of hours during which the accelerator can be used.
Verification of Flexray Start-Up Mechanism by Timed Automata
Authors: Malinský Jan , Novák Jiří 
Published: December 2010

Verification of Flexray Start-Up Mechanism by Timed AutomataThis contribution deals with the modelling of a selected part of a new automotive communication standard called FlexRay. In particular, it focuses on the mechanism ensuring the start-up of a FlexRay network. The model has been created with the use of timed automata and verified. For this purpose the UPPAAL software tool has been used that allows the modelling of discrete event systems with the use of timed automata, and subsequently the verification of the model with the use of suitable queries compiled in the so called computation tree logic. This model can be used to look for incorrect settings of time parameters of communication nodes in the network that prevent network start-up and subsequently the start of the car. The existence of this model also opens the way for finding possible errors in the standard. On the basis of the model, the work gives a case study of the start-up mechanism behaviour verification in a FlexRay network consisting of three communication nodes.
Immunohistochemical study of expression of immunoglobulins in canine B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Sokołowska J. , Micuń J. , Zabielska K. , Malicka E. , Lechowski R. 
Published: December 2010

Immunohistochemical study of expression of immunoglobulins in canine B-cell lymphomasNineteen canine lymphomas were included in this study. Tumors were classified according to the updated Kiel classification adapted for canine lymphomas by Fournel-Fleury et al. Immunoglobulin light chains (κ and λ) and IgM and IgG expression were determined by immunohistochemical method. In all examined cases neoplastic cells were positive for one of the immunoglobulin light chains. Expression of λ light chains and κ light chains was observed in 18/19 and 1/19 tumors, respectively. In the majority of neoplastic cells in each examined specimen this reaction had a membranous pattern (sκ/sλ). In all examined cases the presence of immunoglobulin light chains was also observed in the cytoplasm of some neoplastic cells (cκ/cλ). These cells were usally rare and never constituted a dominant population. The expression of immunoglobulin was found in 13/19 cases. Most lymphomas were sIgM positive (11/13 cases). In one case expression of IgG was found, and in another lymphoma two populations of neoplastic cells with different expression of examined immunoglobulins (cells with IgM+and IgG+phenotypes) were observed. The reaction also had a membranous pattern. The cells containing cytoplasmic immunoglobulins were rare, and in most cases were of the same type as the surface immunoglobulins. Our study has confirmed that canine lymphomas are a monoclonal proliferation of B-cells usually expressing immunoglobulin λ light chains and that the vast majority of tumors deriving from B-cells express IgM. Our study also indicates a possibility of occurence of biclonal lymphomas in canine species.
The evaluation of Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI) test in dogs with Atopic Dermatitis (AD) treated with cyclosporine or prednisone
Authors: Taszkun I. 
Published: December 2010

The evaluation of Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI) test in dogs with Atopic Dermatitis (AD) treated with cyclosporine or prednisone
The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical state of dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) by use of CADESI test in own modification during the first visit in the Dermatology Consult Room as well as during the treatment. The study was performed in two groups (I-E and II-C) of 20 dogs in each group. In dogs which were qualified to the I-E group, as antiallergic, anti-inflammatory and antipruritic treatment, prednisone (oral preparation Encorton - Polfa Pabianice) at dose 0.5 mg/kg b.w./day was administered, while in dogs qualified to the II-C group - cyclosporine (oral preparation Sandimmun Neoral - Novartis Pharma) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w./day; the treatment was continued for 6 weeks in both groups. During the study, skin lesions were assessed in 15 specified body areas using 4 parameters and 5-point scale. In group I-E and II-C the amount of received points in CADESI test was decreased by 82.26% and by 83% respectively, after the treatment. Statistical analyses of the results obtained revealed no statistically significant (P=0.05) differences between means of I-E and II-C groups in consecutive examinations, which indicates comparable clinical efficacy of both drugs. Statistically significant differences (P=0.05) of the parameters assessed were found after secondary dermatoses treatment, and after every two weeks of antipruritic and anti-inflammatory treatment.
The effect of progesterone on oxytocin-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ mobilisation and prostaglandin secretion in porcine endometrium
Authors: Kotwica G. , Oponowicz A. , Kurowicka B. , Franczak A. , Bogacka I. 
Published: December 2010

The effect of progesterone on oxytocin-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ mobilisation and prostaglandin secretion in porcine endometrium
We have studied in the porcine endometrium the expression of oxytocin receptor (OTR) mRNA and the effect of progesterone (P4) on oxytocin/oxytocin receptor (OT/OTR) function concerning intracellular Ca2+mobilisation ([Ca2+]i), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and E2 (PGE2; PG) secretion. Tissue was taken from cyclic and early pregnant pigs (days 14-16). A higher expression of OTR mRNA (P<0.05) was observed in the endometrium of cyclic than pregnant pigs. The stimulatory (P<0.05) effect of OT (10-7 M) on [Ca2+]i mobilisation was noticed within 15-60 s and 30-60 s in endometrial stromal cells of cyclic and pregnant pigs, respectively. In the presence of P4 (10-5 M) basal and OT-stimulated [Ca2+]i concentrations decreased in stromal cells during luteolysis and pregnancy. In stromal cells P4 delayed mobilisation of [Ca2+]i in response to OT by 15 s during luteolysis and had no effect during pregnancy. In cyclic and pregnant epithelial cells OT stimulated mobilisation of [Ca2+]i in 45 s and 60 s, respectively. Oxytocin increased (P<0.05) PGF2α secretion during luteolysis and pregnancy and PGE2 during luteolysis from endometrial slices. Progesterone did not inhibit this stimulatory effect. During luteolysis OT increased (P<0.05) PGF2α in epithelial and stromal cells and PGE2 secretion in epithelial cells. In the presence of P4 this effect of OT was reduced only in stromal cyclic cells (6 h culture). The presence of P4 decreased the effect of OT on [Ca2+]i mobilisation only in stromal cells. We found that, in most conditions, P4 did not inhibit the OT-stimulated secretion of PG in the porcine endometrium.
Practical aspects of immunocytochemistry in canine lymphomas
Authors: Sapierzyński R. 
Published: December 2010

Practical aspects of immunocytochemistry in canine lymphomas
The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of immunocytochemistry in a standard veterinary practice and to determine the immunophenotype of tumor cells in cases of multicentric lymphoma in dogs by immunocytochemical analysis of fine-needle biopsy specimens. The study was performed on cytological samples collected from 54 dogs, in which multicentric lymphoma was recognised based on clinical data, cytology or cytology and histology, and follow-up information. Diagnosis of lymphoma was established according to the updated Kiel classification. Immunocytochemical assays were conducted using commercially available antibodies to the pan T-lymphocyte marker CD3 and B cell antigen receptor complex CD79 alpha. Among all animals examined B cell lymphoma was recognized in 42/54 (77.8%) of cases, while in the remaining 12/54 (22.2%) of dogs T cell lymphoma was recognized. In 11 animals with lymphoma recognized cytologically, in which an entire lymph node was obtained for histology, the results of routine cytology and immunocytochemistry fully corresponded with findings revealed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Immunocytochemistry can be successfully conducted in smears stored at room temperature for 24 hours without changes of staining results. It can be stated that application of standard cytopathological assessment in connection with immunocytochemistry of lymph nodes samples collected from dogs with lymphoma is a method of choice for establishing final diagnosis, and avoids the need for reexamination or collection of tissue samples for histopathology and immunohistochemistry during surgical procedures in ambiguous cases.
Effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) supplementation in semen extender on viability and ATP content of cryopreserved canine spermatozoa
Authors: Kordan W. , Lecewicz M. , Strzeżek R. , Dziekońska A. , Fraser L. 
Published: December 2010

Effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) supplementation in semen extender on viability and ATP content of cryopreserved canine spermatozoa
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) on the quality characteristics of cryopreserved canine spermatozoa. Cryopreserved semen of 5 mixed-breed dogs was treated with different concentrations of exogenous PAF (1 × 10-3M, 1 × 10-4M, 1 × 10-5M and 1 × 10-6M) and examined at different time intervals (0, 30, 60 and 120 min). Cryopreserved semen treated without PAF was used as the control. Sperm quality was evaluated for motility (computer-assisted semen analysis, CASA), mitochondrial function (JC-1/PI assay) and plasma membrane integrity (SYBR-14/PI assay and Hoechst 33258). Also, ATP content of spermatozoa was determined using a bioluminescence assay. Treatment of cryopreserved semen with 1 × 10-3 M PAF at 120 min of incubation resulted in significantly higher total sperm motility compared with the control. It was observed that PAF-improved total sperm motility was concurrent with enhanced sperm motility patterns after treatment of cryopreserved semen. Treatment of cryopreserved semen with PAF did not improve either sperm mitochondrial function or plasma membrane integrity, as monitored by different fluorescent membrane markers. Furthermore, ATP content of cryopreserved spermatozoa was significantly higher when PAF was used at a concentration of 1 × 10-3 M compared with the control and other PAF treatments, regardless of the incubation time. The findings of this study indicated that treatment with 1 × 10-3 M PAF at 120 min of incubation rendered better quality of cryopreserved canine semen, which was associated with improved sperm motility parameters and ATP content. It can be suggested that exogenous PAF addition is beneficial as a supplement for canine semen extender used for.
Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and metabolites after injective administrations in dogs
Authors: Giorgi M. , Del Carlo S. , Łebkowska-Wieruszewska B. , Kowalski C. , Saccomanni G. 
Published: December 2010

Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and metabolites after injective administrations in dogsThe aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its main metabolites after IV and IM injections. The pharmacokinetic cross-over study was carried out on 6 healthy male beagle dogs. Tramadol was administered by intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) injection at 4 mg/kg. Tramadol and its main metabolites O-desmethyl-tramadol (M1), N-,N-didesmethyl-tramadol (M2) and N-,O-didesmethyl-tramadol (M5) concentrations were measured in plasma samples by a HPLC coupled with fluorimetric detection; pharmacokinetic evaluations were carried out with a compartmental and non-compartmental model for tramadol and its metabolites, respectively. The bioavailability of the drug, ranging between 84-102% (mean 92%), was within the generally accepted values for a positive bioequivalence decision of (80-125%). After the IM injection the mean plasma drug concentration peak was reached after a Tmax of 0.34 h with a Cmax of 2.52 μg/mL. No therapeutic relevant differences were observed between IM and IV administration. The minimal effective plasma concentration was reached after a few minutes and maintained for about 6-7 h in both administrations. M1 plasma concentration was low and the amounts of the other metabolites produced were analogous in both routes of administration. In conclusion, tramadol was rapidly and almost completely absorbed after IM administration and its systemic availability was equivalent to the IV injection. The different onset time and duration of action observed were very small and probably therapeutically irrelevant. The IM injection is a useful alternative to IV injection in the dog.
Negotiating Sex: The Legal Construct of Consent in Cases of Wife Rape in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Lazar Ruthy 
Published: December 2010

A été abrogée, en 1983, la disposition du Code criminel canadien dite « d'exemption du viol marital » qui accordait une immunité juridique et sociale aux maris qui violaient leurs épouses. Le présent article explore dans quelle mesure les modifications dans la réaction juridique au viol marital, modifications censées se refléter dans la pratique, ont affecté les réalités vécues des avocates et avocats de la défense ainsi que des procureures et procureurs de la Couronne et, par extension, des femmes qui ont fait l'expérience de viol ou d'agression sexuelle dans leur mariage ou dans leurs relations sexuelles intimes. Cet article résulte d'une recherche plus large que j'ai effectuée au cours de laquelle j'ai examiné comment les cas de viol de l'épouse ou de la conjointe de fait sont construits et vécus par les personnages clés du système judiciaire pénal en Ontario. Ma recherche est la première étude empirique portant sur le viol de l'épouse ou de la conjointe de fait au Canada qui n'est pas seulement fondée sur une analyse des cas dénoncés mais aussi sur la manière par laquelle les pénalistes vivent et construisent ces cas. Dans ma recherche, j'ai tenté d'« aller derrière la scène » pour découvrir ce qui se passe durant les procès pour viol de l'épouse. À partir d'entrevues avec les personnages clés du système judiciaire pénal (la Couronne et la défense en Ontario), j'ai examiné comment ces personnes analysent, conceptualisent et dirigent le processus dans les cas de viol de l'épouse et comment elles envisagent et abordent divers thèmes et concepts qui caractérisent cet acte. Sur la base de cette analyse, je soutiens que le viol de l'épouse ou de la conjointe de fait est influencé par les croyances sociétales et culturelles au sujet de la sexualité, des relations intimes et du mariage ainsi que des mythes relatifs au viol. Un thème dominant qui est ressorti de mes entrevues est le rôle du consentement dans les cas d'agressions sexuelles de l'épouse ou de la conjointe de fait. Comme cet article l'illustre, ce concept joue un rôle crucial dans la façon dont les personnes interviewées construisent ces cas. Leurs narrations révèlent les difficultés à reconnaître les concepts de « non-consentement », étant donné la nature du mariage et l'association du consentement avec l'amour, les rapports sexuels, l'intimité, la familiarité, le passé sexuel et le langage personnel entre couples. Même si la loi dit le contraire, mes données démontrent que les personnages clés du système judiciaire pénal eux-mêmes présument qu'il y a consentement dans les rapports sexuels entre intimes, ce qui influe, par voie de conséquence, sur la façon dont ces personnages construisent et procèdent dans les causes de viol de l'épouse ou de la conjointe de fait.
Sexual Assault Law, Credibility, and “Ideal Victims”: Consent, Resistance, and Victim Blaming
Authors: Randall Melanie 
Published: December 2010

L'archétype de la victime idéale d'une agression sexuelle, qui s'est élargi quelque peu au cours des ans en réaction à une prise de conscience sociale et juridique de la violence faite aux femmes, fonctionne toujours néanmoins pour discréditer le récit que font de nombreuses plaignantes de leurs expériences d'agressions sexuelles. Dans cette mesure, le mythe de la « victime idéale » continue à miner la crédibilité de ces femmes qui sont perçues comme s'écartant trop des notions stéréotypées des victimes « authentiques » et trop aussi des présomptions concernant les réactions prévisibles et « raisonnables » des victimes. Les évaluations de la crédibilité, qui sont absolument cruciales dans les procès pour agressions sexuelles, demeurent profondément imbues des mythes et des stéréotypes touchant les victimes « idéales », « réelles » ou « vraies » d'agressions sexuelles. En dépit des réformes progressistes du droit canadien concernant le consentement en matière d'agressions sexuelles, il n'en demeure pas moins qu'en pratique, le fardeau de la preuve et la crédibilité du consentement demeurent du côté de la victime et jouent souvent de manière préjudiciable et discriminatoire. L'idée subsiste que les « vraies » victimes d'agression sexuelle résistent et cette idée demeure inextricablement liée au mythe que les victimes « idéales » ou « authentiques » peuvent prouver leur statut de victime et établir la crédibilité de leurs accusations de viol en démontrant qu'elles ont résisté à l'agression et que leur résistance a pris une forme socialement attendue, de préférence une défense physique et vigoureuse. Le présent article analyse certains des problèmes clés qui exigeraient une réforme en profondeur du droit en matière d'agression sexuelle, examine la ténacité des images juridiques déformées des victimes « idéales » ou « authentiques » d'agressions sexuelles, la tendance toujours actuelle de blâmer les victimes d'agressions sexuelles et de « faire disparaître » les auteurs du crime ainsi que la persistance d'une sorte d'analphabétisme psychologique en droit au sujet de la nature, les complexités et la gamme des façons par lesquelles les femmes viennent à bout de faire face à la violation et au traumatisme des agressions sexuelles.
Changes in Exodeviation Following Hyperopic Correction in Patients With Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Chung Seung Ah , Kim In Sik , Kim Wook Kyum , Lee Jong Bok 
Published: December 2010

Purpose:
To evaluate changes in the angle of deviation after spectacle correction in patients who had hyperopia and intermittent exotropia (X(T)) and to determine whether the changes and surgical outcomes differ when compared with those of myopic and emmetropic X(T).

Methods:
One hundred fourteen patients with X(T) were recruited and allocated into three groups: X(T) with hyperopia (group I; 38 patients), X(T) with emmetropia (group II; 35 patients), and X(T) with myopia (group III; 41 patients). After at least 6 months wearing spectacles, changes in exodeviation were compared. The results of surgery based on the spectacle-corrected distance angle and the ratios of accommodative convergence over accommodation (AC/A) were also assessed.

Results:
With spectacle correction, the mean exodeviation increased significantly in group I, but did not change in groups II or III. Thirteen patients in group I (34%) showed a more than 10 prism diopters (PD) exotropic shift after wearing spectacles. The mean AC/A ratio in group I was 2.63 (PD/D), whereas in groups II and III the ratios were 4.03 and 4.06, respectively. There was no difference in surgical results among the three groups.

Conclusion:
Although hyperopic correction in patients with X(T) resulted in a limited increase in exodeviation with a subnormal AC/A ratio, one-third of the patients experienced a significant increase in exodeviation. A spectacle correction trial should be considered before surgery in patients with hyperopia and X(T).
Ocular Surface Reconstruction using Amniotic Membrane following Excision of Conjunctival and Limbal Tumors
Authors: Asoklis Rimvydas S. , Damijonaityte Aiste , Butkiene Laura , Makselis Aimantas , Petroska Donatas , Pajaujis Mykolas , Juodkaite Grazina 
Published: December 2010

Purpose To report the clinical results of patients treated by preserved human amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) following the removal of conjunctival and limbal tumors. Methods Retrospective noncomparative interventional case series of 9 patients (9 eyes) who underwent AMT after removal of conjunctival and limbal tumors with lesion-free margins and perilesional cryotherapy. Results The excised tumors were histopathologically examined and included 2 squamous cell carcinomas, 2 papillomas, and 5 nevi. Bulbar conjunctiva was involved in all of the eyes, limbus and cornea in 7 and 3 eyes, respectively. The mean extent of the limbal involvement was 4 clock hours (range 2–9, SD 2.4); the average diameter of the base of the tumor was 12.8 mm (range 10–20, SD 4.4). The mean follow-up time was 38 months (range 13–60, SD 15). No surgical or early postoperative complications were observed. In all eyes, complete healing of the tissue defect occurred, resulting in a stable, wet, and noninflamed epithelium. All eyes demonstrated a smooth ocular surface except one with a clinically insignificant Symblepharon after the excision of a squamous cell carcinoma. Superficial peripheral corneal vascularization and opacification as a sign of partial limbal stem cell deficiency developed in 2 eyes. In one case, a recurrence of conjunctival papilloma was diagnosed after a 3-year follow-up. Conclusions Amniotic membrane transplantation is an effective method of reconstruction following a conjunctival and limbal tumor excision and cryotherapy of surgical wound margins. In most cases, complete healing of an ocular surface can be achieved without any clinically significant complications.