bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BEHI MEVASINING SHIFOBAXSHLIK XUSUSIYATLARINI KIMYOVIY TARKIBI ORQALI BAHOLASH
Authors: Xojiqulov Azizbek Sobirovich , Muxiddinova Maftuna Lutfullo qizi 
Published: May 2024

Maqolada behi mevasining kimyoviy tarkibi, uning inson salomatligi uchun ahamiyati, mevadagi namlik miqdorini aniqlash, mevaning suvliy va spirtli ekstraktlarini tayyorlash, hamda bu ekstraktlar tarkibidagi vitaminlar va flavanoidlarning miqdori YuSSX usulida tahlil qilinganda vitaminlardan C-vitaminininig miqdor yuqori bo’lishi, flavanoidlardan rutin va Gall kislotaning miqdori yuqori ekanligi to‘g’risidagi ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.
OQ QAYIN PO’STLO’G’I TARKIBIDAGI OG’IR METALLARNI ANIQLASH
Authors: Otaxonov Qobiljon Qaxramonovich , Axmataxunova Feruza Tatubek qizi 
Published: May 2024

Oq qayin (Betula pendula) - balandligi 25 metrgacha va tanasining qalinligi 50 sm gacha bo'lgan ko’p yillik daraxt. Oq qayin tarkibidagi betulin va uning hosilalari OIV va saraton kasalligini davolashda katta imkoniyatlarga ega. Bundan tashqari psoriaz kasalligini davlashda eng samarali vositalardan biri hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqolada 7 va 9 yillik oq qayin daraxti po’stlo’g’i tarkibidagi og’ir metallarni quruq mineralizatsiya qilish yo’li bilan polyarografik metod bo’yicha aniqlash natijalari keltirilgan.
Synthesis and characterization of Ionic liquid supported on Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) as a highly effective additive for visbreaking of petroleum vacuum bottom
Authors: Asghar Pasban Ali , Asghari Alireza , Miran Beigi Ali Akbar , Rajabi Maryam 
Published: May 2024

In this present work, a zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF-8, an oil-soluble long chain Ionic Liquids, [OMIM][NTf2], was separately synthesized and characterized. Ex-situ preparation of [OMIM][NTf2]-ZIF8 (IL@ZIF8) nanostructures were performed solvothermal, and the products were specified by the several techniques including XRD, FESEM, H-NMR, FTIR, TGA and N2 adsorption-desorption. The products were evaluated as a highly effective material in visbreaking process of petroleum vacuum bottoms (PVBs). To best our knowledge, no was reported in survey on the literature for MOFs as conversion enhancer and viscosity modifier in a visbreaking process especially for atmospheric pressure and elevated temperatures of 375 -400 °C during maximum 120 min. Injection of a little amount of the synthesized products to PVBs caused to produce gaseous compounds, naphtha, middle distillates, lubricating oil and tar. However, viscosity measurement results revealed that IL@ZIF8 was ideally suited for viscosity reduction of PVBs up to 321% after cracking and conversion of PVBs to its distillates up to 1400%. Catalytic upgrading with IL@ZIF-8 also yielded a liquid with 50% light hydrocarbon without any further coke formation.
Improving high school student learning outcomes: Using problem-based learning model
Authors: Sartika Sri Hardianti , Puspitasari Erna , Suherti Heti 
Published: May 2024

Student learning outcomes are an indicator of the success of teaching and learning activities carried out. This research aims to determine the improvement in student learning outcomes in economics courses by implementing the problem-based learning model a quantitative research method with a quasi-experimental approach. The population of this research was 205 students in class XI social at SMAN 7 Tasikmalaya, and the sample used was 136 students using a purposive sampling technique consisting of two experimental classes and two control classes. The experimental class uses the Problem-Based Learning learning model, while the control class uses the conventional learning model. Students in each class are given a pretest, and then learning is carried out according to a predetermined model, and then a posttest is carried out. The questions used are 25 multiple-choice questions, and then the results or grades obtained by students are analyzed further. The results of this study show that there are differences between before and after treatment in the experimental class and control class. This research concludes that the implications of implementing a problem-based learning model as an alternative to conventional models can be used in an effort to improve student learning outcomes in economics courses.
Mídia e decisão judicial
Authors: Godinho Amanda Piantta Gonçalves 
Published: May 2024

A presente monografia visa abordar a relação entre a mídia e as decisões judiciais. Vê-se com frequência casos em que a imprensa mostra a força que exerce sobre a opinião pública ao acabar influenciando de forma negativa o resultado das sentenças judiciais. A presente pesquisa foi feita a partir da leitura de artigos, livros e revistas jurídicas. Verifica-se assim, a importância de haver mais profissionalismo, consulta a fontes seguras e mais cuidado com o que é veiculado pelos meios de informação em massa de forma a buscar incessantemente a imparcialidade. Por outro lado, o Poder Judiciário tem que se blindar das interferências externas, não deixando a opinião e a pressão feita pela sociedade com base em notícias muitas vezes eivadas de vícios influenciarem o resultado das decisões. Busca-se, com a presente monografia, mostrar como pode haver uma harmonização entre o que é divulgado pela mídia e as informações que pautam as decisões do poder judiciário.
Evaluasi Pasca Pelatihan: Keterampilan Bidan dalam Pelayanan Kontrasepsi
Authors: Tuti_Surtimanah  , Dean Rosmawati  , Gina Zulfah  , Nuraini  , Yeni Mahwati  , Irfan Nafis Sjamsuddin  
Published: May 2024

Latar belakang: Pelayanan kontrasepsi di fasilitas kesehatan mesti dilakukan secara terstandar dan berkualitas. Telah dilakukan pelatihan pelayanan kontrasepsi bagi bidan dengan indikator hasil belajar 16 ranah keterampilan dan empat ranah pengetahuan.
Tujuan: Mengetahui tingkat keterampilan bidan pasca pelatihan pelayanan kontrasepsi.
Metode: Disain mixed methods, rancangan sekuensial eksplanatif. Populasi alumni pelatihan tahun 2023 dengan sampel total sebanyak 40 orang untuk penelitian kuantitatif, dan 13 informan penelitian kualitatif dipilih purposif. Pengumpulan data kuantitatif melalui penyebaran kuesioner skala penilaian diri dan pertanyaan aplikasi keterampilan pelayanan kontrasepsi berbentuk google form, kemudian dianalisis deskriptif dan uji beda skor keterampilan menurut karakteristik responden. Pengumpulan data kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam, dianalisis menggunakan framework analysis.
Hasil: Rata-rata skor keterampilan hasil skala penilaian diri sebesar 80,20 lebih tinggi dari rata-rata skor hasil pertanyaan aplikasi pelayanan kontrasepsi sebesar 49,75. Tidak ada korelasi signifikan antara skor hasil skala penilaian diri dengan skor hasil pertanyaan aplikasi pelayanan kontrasepsi (p 0,689). Tidak ada beda signifikan (p > 0,05) skor keterampilan pelayanan kontrasepsi menurut umur, instansi kerja, pendidikan, jenis tugas, asal kabupaten – kota, lama kerja. Ada 8 dari 16 keterampilan yang dijawab benar ? 50% responden pada pertanyaan aplikasi keterampilan yaitu konseling dengan ABPK, pelayanan kontrasepsi darurat dan pasca keguguran, pelayanan kontrasepsi metode suntik – pil dan kondom, melakukan kewaspadaan pencegahan pengendalian infeksi, pencatatan pelaporan pelayanan. Terjadi perubahan keyakinan diri serta motivasi melaksanakan tugas pasca pelatihan, termasuk dalam melaksanakan konseling.
Kesimpulan: Sebanyak 97,5% responden memiliki keterampilan pelayanan kontrasepsi kategori baik menurut skala penilaian diri, namun hanya 45% memiliki kategori baik menurut jawaban pertanyaan aplikasi pelayanan kontrasepsi. Dukungan pimpinan, kebijakan serta penyediaan sarana prasarana kerja dibutuhkan alumni dalam mengaplikasikan keterampilan yang dipelajari selama pelatihan.
Pengaruh Media Leaflet terhadap Peningkatan Perilaku Lansia dalam Pemanfaatan Daun Narcissus (Crynum Asiaticum L) untuk Meredakan Nyeri Rematik di Desa Ujung Gurap Kota Padangsidimpuan
Authors: Nasution Nurul Hidayah , Ritonga Sukhri Herianto , Nurlaila  , Jufri Soleman 
Published: May 2024

Latar belakang: Masyarakat modern tidak mempunyai banyak waktu dan istirahat yang cukup. Tingginya tuntutan pekerjaan dan terbatasnya waktu membuat mereka terjebak dalam stres. Akibatnya, banyak orang mengalami berbagai gangguan kesehatan. Salah satu penyakit tersebut adalah rematik. Reumatik atau rheumatoid arthritis adalah suatu kondisi yang dapat menyebabkan nyeri, bengkak, dan sensasi terbakar pada persendian. Pengobatan dapat dilakukan secara farmakologis & nonfarmakologis. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan secara non farmakologi adalah dengan memanfaatkan daun bakung (Crynum Asiaticum L).
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis pengaruh media leaflet terhadap peningkatan perilaku lansia dalam penggunaan daun daffodil (Crynum Asiaticum L) untuk meredakan nyeri rematik pada lansia
Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain pre-eksperimental dengan menggunakan metode One Group Pretest Posttest Design. Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini adalah lansia di Desa Ujung Gurap yang berjumlah 30 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon.
Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh media leaflet terhadap peningkatan perilaku lansia yaitu pengetahuan (p= 0,000), sikap (p=0,000) dan tindakan (p=0,000) pada pemanfaatan daun lili (Crynum Asiaticum L) untuk meredakan nyeri rematik pada lansia.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh media leaflet terhadap peningkatan perilaku lansia dalam pemanfaatan daun lili (Crynum Asiaticum L) untuk meredakan nyeri rematik pada lansia.
ASKING IF VACUUM ENERGY allows COMPUTATIONAL “BITS” PRESENT AT START OF COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION, and its possible ties into torsion physics
Authors: Beckwith Andrew W 
Published: May 2024

Based on Torsion as given by de Sabbata and Sirvaram, Erice 1990 . The 1990 article claims that Torsion cancels Cosmological vacuum energy. We consider if relic black holes at the start of inflation may allow for the observed cosmological constant. Using the 1990 text if thermal energy is used at start of inflation creates conceptual issues, whereas an energy term based on Corda’s treatment of black holes may provide a solution. i.e. a left over cosmological constant 10^-121 times vacuum energy . Considerations as to how black hole physics may contribute to torsion and the cosmological constant are considered in several numerical cases Also we present entanglement entropy in the early universe with a shrinking scale factor, due to Muller and Lousto , and show that there are consequences due to initial entanged for a time dependent horizon radius in cosmology, with (flat space conditions) for conformal time . This construction preserves a minimum non zero vacuum energy, and in doing so keep the bits, for computational bits cosmological evolution. The bits are ascribed to initial torsion for reasons which we elaborate on in this manuscript
Ημερίδα του ΕΣΠΕΜ στο πλαίσιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ημέρας Μουσικοθεραπείας
Authors: Φραγκούλη Ασπασία , Λιαρμακοπούλου Ουρανία 
Published: May 2024

Ημερίδα του ΕΣΠΕΜ στα πλαίσια της Ευρωπαϊκής Ημέρας Μουσικοθεραπείας | 12 Νοεμβρίου 2016 | Αθήνα
การเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสาน: ทฤษฎี แนวปฏิบัติ และประสิทธิผล
Authors: นิยมเวช บุศรา 
Published: May 2024

ภูมิหลังและวัตถุประสงค์: การเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสานจะช่วยให้ผู้เรียนมีผลสัมฤทธิ์ที่ดีขึ้นได้ ทำให้ผู้สอนสามารถตอบสนองความต้องการของผู้เรียนในศตวรรษที่ 21 ที่เปลี่ยนแปลงไป และเป็นการปรับปรุงผลลัพธ์การสอนและการเรียนรู้ สำหรับแนวคิดทฤษฎี การปฏิบัติและประสิทธิผลที่เป็นปัจจัยทั้งหมดเหล่านี้ร่วมกันนำไปสู่สภาพแวดล้อมทางการศึกษาที่ประสบความสำเร็จและครอบคลุมการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสาน โดยมีวัตถุประสงค์ในการสังเคราะห์องค์ความรู้เกี่ยวกับการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสานในเรื่องทฤษฎี แนวปฏิบัติ และประสิทธิผล
ระเบียบวิธี: การวิจัยนี้เป็นการวิจัยเอกสาร โดยการรวบรวมและวิเคราะห์ บทความ หนังสือ เอกสารการประชุม และสิ่งพิมพ์ทางวิชาการอื่น ๆ ที่มีชื่อเสียงอย่างเป็นระบบ เพื่อค้นหาข้อเท็จจริงเกี่ยวกับทฤษฎี แนวปฏิบัติ และประสิทธิผลอย่างละเอียดและครอบคลุม ผลการศึกษาจะช่วยส่งเสริมความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสาน จากมุมมองที่หลากหลายและแหล่งข้อมูลที่เชื่อถือได้
ผลการวิจัย: ผลการวิจัยในเรื่องทฤษฎี แนวปฏิบัติ และประสิทธิผลประกอบด้วยหลายมิติ ดังนี้ (1) ทฤษฎีการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสาน ประกอบด้วย 1.1) ภาพรวมของทฤษฎีการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสาน 1.2) มุมมองของคอนสตรักติวิสต์และสังคมวัฒนธรรม 1.3) การประยุกต์ทฤษฎีการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสานในการออกแบบการเรียนรู้ที่มีประสิทธิภาพ (2) แนวปฏิบัติของการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสาน ประกอบด้วย 2.1) รูปแบบการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสาน 2.2) แนวทางการนำการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสานไปใช้ในบริบททางการศึกษา 2.3) การบูรณาการการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสาน แบบเผชิญหน้าและแบบออนไลน์อย่างมีประสิทธิผล (3) ประสิทธิผลของการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสาน (Effectiveness of Blended Learning) ประกอบด้วย 3.1) งานวิจัยเกี่ยวกับประสิทธิผลของการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสาน 3.2) ผลกระทบที่มีต่อการมีส่วนร่วมของผู้เรียน ผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียน และความพึงพอใจของผู้เรียน 3.3) การเปรียบเทียบกับการสอนแบบตัวต่อตัวแบบดั้งเดิมและแบบออนไลน์เต็มรูปแบบ และ 3.4) ปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อประสิทธิผลของการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสาน อย่างไรก็ดีการนำการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสานไปใช้มีอุปสรรคหลาย ๆ ด้าน ตั้งแต่การนำไปใช้การยอมรับ การขาดความรู้และทักษะในการจัดการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสานและความพร้อมด้านเทคโนโลยีและโครงสร้างพื้นฐาน เป็นต้น
สรุปผล: ความรู้ความเข้าใจเรื่องทฤษฎี แนวปฏิบัติ และประสิทธิผลของการเรียนรู้แบบผสมผสาน มีความสำคัญในการจัดการศึกษาสมัยใหม่ เพราะสอดคล้องกับบริบททางการศึกษาในยุคดิจิทัล และสามารถช่วยให้ผู้เรียนประสบความสำเร็จและมีความพึงพอใจในการเรียน ถึงแม้จะมีปัญหาอยู่บ้าง แต่สามารถแก้ได้ด้วยการดำเนินการเชิงรุก
Habilidades pertinentes del líder en la función pública para el desarrollo del capital humano en tiempos de crisis.
Authors: , docente universitaria e investigadora. Doctoranda Esmeralda Calderón Ramos 
Published: May 2024

El presente artículo pretende incursionar en el tema, Habilidades pertinentes del líder en la función pública para el desarrollo del capital humano en tiempos de crisis. Se pretenden definir el liderazgo, su importancia en la función pública para el desarrollo del recurso humano en tiempos de crisis. Asimismo, se busca enumerar y describir las habilidades del líder necesarias para el desarrollo del capital humano. Para el estudio se utilizó un paradigma descriptivo interpretativo bibliográfico. Este permite el análisis de las situaciones en estudio, mediante la interpretación y descripción de la información obtenida en la bibliografía disponible.
Se concluye, principalmente, que el desarrollo y eficiencia del capital humano en tiempos de crisis, depende en gran medida de las habilidades de liderazgo.
Por lo demás, el objetivo general de este estudio bibliográfico consiste en:

Describir las habilidades del liderazgo y su importancia en la función pública para que el capital humano se desenvuelva adecuadamente ante la crisis.

Asimismo, los objetivos específicos son los siguientes: a) Especificar el concepto de liderazgo, sus habilidades e importancia; b) Precisar los alcances de la función pública en la sociedad; c) Determinar la importancia del capital humano y sus tipos; d) Definir el concepto de crisis y las características elementales del líder ante esta.
Textual Meaning on “Umpasa” Batak Toba in Wedding Ceremony
Authors: Sitanggang Anita , Murni Sri Minda , Sibarani Berlin 
Published: May 2024

This research is aimed in investigating the function of theme of “Umpasa” in Wedding Ceremony of Batak Toba Culture in Pematangsiantar. Theories used in conducting this research were metafunctions, especially textual function for theme functions. Descriptive qualitative and ethnomethodology approach were implemented in this research. Data source was taken from those people who attended the wedding ceremony. The population of this research was the society of Batak Toba people from Pematangsiantar, where all the participants were loved and actived Batak Culture. they are commonly called as king of customs because these people was asked to handle and given a speech in the Toba batak ceremony for example in the wedding ceremony. Sample was any kinds of object which happen in wedding Batak Toba ceremony related to verbal and non-verbal communication Pematangsiantar. Then, the researchers did some procedures in collecting data such as observing, recording, interpreting and generalizing. After carefully analyzing the data, the researchers discovered that the most commonly used types of theme rheme when giving Ulos to the bride and groom during a Toba Batak wedding ceremony are Topical Theme 39, Textual Theme 12, Interpersonal Theme 6, and Ideational Theme is one. Among these, Topical Theme is the most dominant type used in giving Ulos to the bride and groom in a Toba Batak wedding ceremony. This is because, in Toba Batak utterance, people typically use the verb or pronoun in the first position, followed by finite and other structural grammatical elements that differ from those in other languages.
Uji Presisi Pada Preparasi Sampel Batubara Metode ASTM (American Society for Testing and Material)
Authors: Triana Prihatin  , M. Diva Pratama  
Published: May 2024

Presisi merupakan indikator seberapa mendekatnya serangkaian pengukuran satu terhadap yang lain. Presisi juga dapat diartikan sebagai level keberagaman yang terletak pada nilai beberapa pengukuran dari faktor yang sama. Sementara itu, preparasi sampel batubara adalah proses pengecilan ukuran dari ukurang gross sampel (± 50 mm) menjadi ukuran yang lebih kecil menjadi ukuran Jaw Crusher (±13mm), Hammer Mill (±4,75mm), dan Cross Beater Mill (±0,250 mm). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami mengapa dilakukan pengujian presisi pada preparasi sampel batubara dan dapat mengetahui bagaimana cara menghitung nilai presisi pada preparasi batubara dengan metode ASTM (American Society for Testing and Material). Salah satu caranya adalah dengan mengambil nilai S­DA2 (variasi dalam satu sampel) dan S02 (variasi dalam satu increment), mencari nilai volatile matter, dan kemudian dibandingkan antara S­DA2 dan S02. Perhitungan nilai presisi dilakukan dengan dua perhitungan nilai penting yaitu SDA2 dan S02 dimana dengan nilai SDA2 tidak boleh lebih 20% dari nilai S02. Pada sampel yang telah diuji didapatkan nilai SDA2 = 0,2902 dan 14,8580 dimana 20% dari nilai S02 = 2,97. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan preparasi batubara pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan dengan baik.
Evangelização na Amazônia
Authors: De Albuquerque Francisco Chagas 
Published: May 2024

A inculturação do Evangelho foi uma das preocupações do Vaticano II. Em sua recepção, pela Igreja na América Latina, esta temática foi tomada a sério a partir da Conferência de Puebla (1979). Em sintonia com o magistério, desenvolvia-se, então, a nascente Teologia da Libertação, contribuindo para o processo de inculturação eclesial e do Evangelho. A Exortação Pós-sinodal Querida Amazônia (QAm) propõe uma evangelização radicalmente inculturada no território pan-amazônico. Na resposta a essa proposta, a teologia também deverá oferecer sua contribuição, como se tenta expor neste estudo. Explicita-se o tema em quatro momentos: 1) magistério conciliar, culturas e teologia; 2) recepção do Concílio na A. Latina; 3) paradigma da inculturação do Evangelho na Igreja latino-americana; 4) linhas para a evangelização inculturada e teologia, seguidos de considerações sobre as possibilidades da reflexão teológica libertadora. Propõe-se que o quefazer teológico, na linha tradição teológica e eclesial latino-americana e do Caribe, requer conversão de seus autores(as), devendo-se superar o espírito colonialista, para dialogar com as culturas, espiritualidades e as tradições dos povos amazônicos.
Branquitude e privilégio branco na formação da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil
Authors: Bayerl Padilha Günter , Bobsin Oneide 
Published: May 2024

Este artigo discutirá as questões raciais e o privilégio branco como conceitos estruturantes da sociedade brasileira e suas implicações na formação da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil tendo como base o referencial teórico-analítico de branquitude. Deste modo lançará luzes sobre os privilégios concedidos para as pessoas brancas ao longo do processo de formação da sociedade Brasileira, principalmente, após a Independência e Proclamação da República. Neste período as pessoas brancas eram tidas como sinal de desenvolvimento e as pessoas negras e indígenas eram consideradas como sendo as responsáveis pelo atraso do Brasil. Portanto, é neste cenário de privilégios para as pessoas brancas que as primeiras comunidades luteranas são fundadas e marcam a colonização da Região Sul e do Espírito Santo. Neste sentido, no Brasil, o luteranismo está marcado pelo pertencimento étnico e pela preservação da germanidade. Portanto, o desafio para a Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil é tornar-se uma igreja pluriétnica, denunciar o racismo como pecado e iniciar um processo de luta antirracista para torna-se de fato uma Igreja no Brasil.
Overview of Receptor Allosterism
Authors: Gregory Karen J. , Sexton Patrick M. , Christopoulos Arthur 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn addition to the orthosteric site, which recognizes endogenous ligands, most G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) possess topographically distinct allosteric sites that can be recognized by small molecules and accessory cellular proteins. Ligand binding to allosteric sites promotes a conformational change in the GPCR that can alter orthosteric ligand affinity and/or efficacy. Moreover, there has been an increase in recent years in the identification of allosteric agonists that can directly activate the receptor in the absence of orthosteric ligand. Allosteric sites are attractive therapeutic targets because they can be exploited to achieve modes of selectivity and signaling that are not attainable by orthosteric means. However, an important challenge in this field remains the quantification of the myriad of possible allosteric effects on binding and signaling events. This unit provides an overview on GPCR allosterism and the different pharmacological approaches to understanding allosteric behaviors.Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 51:1.21.1‐1.21.34. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ligand‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed Amination of Heteroaryl Halides with Alkyl‐ and Arylamines
Authors: Liu Zhen‐Jiang , Vors Jean‐Pierre , Gesing Ernst R. F. , Bolm Carsten 
Published: December 2010

AbstractN‐Heteroarylations of alkyl‐ and arylamines with various heteroaryl halides have been achieved by ligand‐free copper‐catalyzed cross‐couplings affording aminopyridines and aminopyrimidines in moderate to high yields (up to 99% yield).
Craniofacial ciliopathies: A new classification for craniofacial disorders
Authors: Brugmann Samantha A. , Cordero Dwight R. , Helms Jill A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCraniofacial anomalies are some of the most variable and common defects affecting the population. Herein, we examine a group of craniofacial disorders that are the result of defects in primary cilia; ubiquitous, microtubule‐based organelles that transduce molecular signals and facilitate the interactions between the cell and its environment. Based on the frequent appearance of craniofacial phenotypes in diseases born from defective primary cilia (ciliopathies) we propose a new class of craniofacial disorders referred to as craniofacial ciliopathies. We explore the most frequent phenotypes associated with ciliopathic conditions and the ciliary gene mutations responsible for craniofacial defects. Finally, we propose that some non‐classified disorders may now be classified as craniofacial ciliopathies. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.