bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geotechnical safety management in tunnelling – an efficient way to prevent failure / Geotechnisches Sicherheitsmanagement im Tunnelbau – ein effizienter Weg zur Schadensvermeidung
Authors: Moritz Bernd , Koinig Josef , Vavrovsky Georg‐M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDespite extensive geological investigations, uncertainties in the ground model often remain. The residual risks associated with this during the construction phase cannot generally be estimated precisely enough in advance. Given such boundary conditions the use of the observational method in line with the principles of the Eurocode EC 7 is therefore required. In order to guarantee safe and economical tunnelling, especially in shallow tunnelling projects, it is vital that a qualified geotechnical safety management programme is implemented during the construction phase. Successful implementation of the geotechnical safety management programme during the construction phase is based on the designer completely defining the anticipated behaviour and on constant target‐performance comparisons of the system behaviour by an on‐site geotechnical engineer. Advanced data evaluation tools and methods support the continuous interpretation of system behaviour, the early detection of deviations and checking the results against warning and alarm criteria. This paper deals with the fundamentals, requirements and demands of such a management system and describes its practical implementation during the construction phase based on specific ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG project case histories.Trotz umfassender geologischer Vorerkundungen verbleiben im Tunnelbau vielfach Unsicherheiten im Baugrundmodell. Die damit verbundenen Restrisiken während des Baus können meist nicht hinreichend genau im Voraus abgeschätzt werden. Derartige Rahmenbedingungen erfordern daher den Einsatz einer Beobachtungsmethode gemäß den Prinzipien des Eurocodes EC 7. Dabei ist im Zuge der Bauausführung, insbesondere bei oberflächennahen Tunnelprojekten, zur Gewährleistung eines sicheren und wirtschaftlichen Vortriebs die Implementierung eines qualifizierten Geotechnischen Sicherheitsmanagements unerlässlich. Die erfolgreiche Umsetzung des Geotechnischen Sicherheitsmanagements während der Bauausführung beruht auf einer umfassenden Definition des erwarteten Verhaltens durch den Planer und einem ständigen Soll/Ist‐Vergleich des Systemverhaltens durch einen Geotechniker vor Ort. Fortschrittliche Werkzeuge und Methoden zur Messdatenauswertung unterstützen in der laufenden Interpretation des aktuellen Systemverhaltens, der Früherkennung von Abweichungen und der Überprüfung gegenüber Warn‐ und Alarmkriterien. Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt die Grundlagen, Voraussetzungen und Ansprüche eines derartigen Managementsystems und erläutert die praktische Umsetzung im Zuge der Bauausführung anhand von konkreten Fallbeispielen aus Projekten der ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG.
Shaft sinking experience in Athabasca Basin and geoscientific investigations for future shafts / Erfahrungen mit Schachtabteufung im Athabasca Becken und geowissenschaftliche Erkundungen für zukünftige Schächte
Authors: Hatley James F. , Bashir Rashid 
Published: October 2011

AbstractShaft sinking through solid rock, which contains little or no water, poses little difficulty. However, when loose, water‐bearing strata have to be contended with, water control measures and pumping facilities are needed. Shaft sinking in the Athabasca Basin requires sinking through water bearing sandstone which can be highly fractured. Intersection of local zones of extensive fracturing results in the potential for high water inflows with hydrostatic pressures of up to 5 MPa. Typically cementitious grouting is carried out ahead of each shaft sinking interval as a water control strategy. Shaft sinking performance which can be quantified in terms of rate of advance is highly dependent on the days spent at each interval grouting before sinking can advance to the next interval. This paper presents the shaft sinking experience in Athabasca Basin and how some of this is translated into geoscientific investigations for future shafts. A comparison of geoscientific data collected from future shafts at McArthur River and other Cameco Corporation operations and project sites. The paper concludes with the strategies for better integration of hydrogeological, geotechnical and geophysical data.Schachtbau im standfesten Gebirge, das wenig oder kein Bergwasser aufweist, bereitet geringe Schwierigkeiten. Wenn jedoch lockere, wasserführende Schichten angetroffen werden, sind Wasserhaltungsmaßnahmen und Pumpeinrichtungen erforderlich. Beim Schachtteufen im Athabasca Becken werden wasserführende Sandsteine angetroffen, die stark zerlegt sein können. Lokale Verschnitte zwischen hoch zerlegten Zonen können zu starken Wasserzutritten mit Drücken bis zu 5 MPa führen. In der Regel werden Zementinjektionen vor jedem Abteufschritt ausgeführt, um die Wasserzutritte zu minimieren. Die Teufleistung hängt sehr stark von der Zeit ab, die für die Injektion benötigt wird, bevor der nächste Ausbruchschritt gemacht werden kann. Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Erfahrungen mit Schachtabteufen im Athabasca Becken, und wie ein Teil dieser Erfahrung in geowissenschaftliche Erkundungen für künftige Schächte einfließt. Geowissenschaftliche Daten von künftigen Schächten bei der McArthur River Mine und anderen Cameco Corporation Betrieben und Projekten werden verglichen. Der Beitrag schließt mit Strategien für eine bessere Integration von hydrogeologischen, geotechnischen und geophysikalischen Daten.
Lessons learned from Gschliefgraben mudslide (Austria) / Die Lehren aus dem Erdstrom im Gschliefgraben (Österreich)
Authors: Poisel Rainer , Hofmann Robert , Preh Alexander , Sausgruber Thomas , Schiffer Michael 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAfter heavy rainfalls, a rock slide and a consecutive debris flow a mudslide comprising a volume between 3,5 and 5 million m3 was reactivated in Gschliefgraben valley (Gmunden, Upper Austria province) in 2007/2008. The mudslide moved downwards with displacement velocities of some metres per day, until it could be stopped finally. The geologic‐geotechnical model for the mudslide as well as the mechanisms and processes are described. They are influenced essentially by the pore water pressure and by the hydrostatic head. Comprehensive investigations showed that the clayey‐silty‐sandy‐pebbly masses in the Gschliefgraben are especially sensible to changes of water content and acting stresses. Based on these geologic‐geotechnical models for the movement process the mitigation measures carried out are described and their effects as well as their success are evaluated critically.Im Gschliefgraben (Gmunden, Oberösterreich) wurde nach starken Niederschlägen und einer Felsgleitung sowie einem anschließenden Murgang 2007/2008 ein Erd‐ und Schuttstrom mit einem Volumen zwischen 3,5 und 5 Mio. m3 wieder aktiviert. Dieser Erd‐ und Schuttstrom erreichte Bewegungsraten von mehreren Metern pro Tag, bis er schließlich gestoppt werden konnte. In dem Beitrag werden das geologisch‐geotechnische Modell für den Erd‐ und Schuttstrom sowie die Mechanismen und Prozesse aufgezeigt. Diese werden wesentlich vom Porenwasser‐ und Wasserdruck beeinflusst. Umfangreiche Untersuchungen haben ergeben, dass das Material ein besonders sensibles Verhalten gegenüber Änderungen des Wassergehalts und den auftretenden Spannungen hat. Aufbauend auf diesen geotechnisch‐geologischen Modellen für den Bewegungsprozess werden die durchgeführten Stabilisierungsmaßnahmen beschrieben und deren Wirkung kritisch untersucht. Darauf aufbauend wird deren Erfolg dargestellt und bewertet.
Lessons learned from the Lassing mining disaster? / Lehren aus dem Grubenunglück Lassing?
Authors: Maier Alfred 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA crisis can be prepared for by determining and evaluating appropriate disaster scenarios. These can then form the basis for the preparation of organisational measures for an emergency with the clear assignment of tasks and responsibilities in emergency plans, which essentially consist of alarm plans and planned measures. In the crisis itself, it is not only necessary to overcome the incident itself but also to close off the danger area, create an “inner zone” and coordinate rescue measures, and the crisis also has to be managed with regard to public relations and commercial considerations.Grundsätzliche Vorbereitungen für eine Krise bestehen in einer Ermittlung und Bewertung von maßgeblichen Schadensfällen. Darauf aufbauend können organisatorische Festlegungen für den Krisenfall mit klarer Verteilung von Aufgaben und Verantwortung in Notfallplänen, die im Wesentlichen aus Alarmierungsplänen und Maßnahmenplänen bestehen, vorbereitet werden. In der Krise selbst geht es nicht nur um die Beherrschung des Anlassfalles im engeren Sinne wie etwa das Absperren des Gefahrenbereiches, die Schaffung einer “inneren Zone” und die Koordinierung von Rettungsmaßnahmen, sondern darüber hinaus sowohl um eine gesellschaftlich‐öffentliche Beherrschung der Krise als auch um eine wirtschaftliche Bewältigung.
Abnormal asymmetry of white matter integrity in schizophrenia revealed by voxelwise diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Miyata Jun , Sasamoto Akihiko , Koelkebeck Katja , Hirao Kazuyuki , Ueda Keita , Kawada Ryosaku , Fujimoto Shinsuke , Tanaka Yusuke , Kubota Manabu , Fukuyama Hidenao , Sawamoto Nobukatsu , Takahashi Hidehiko , Murai Toshiya 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed morphological cortical asymmetry in the normal human brain, and reduction or inversion of such hemispheric asymmetry has been reported in schizophrenia. On the other hand, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have reported inconsistent findings concerning abnormal asymmetry of white matter integrity in schizophrenia. Our aim was to confirm whether there is reduced or inverted asymmetry of white matter integrity in the whole brain in schizophrenia. For this study, 26 right‐handed schizophrenia patients, and 32 matched healthy control subjects were investigated. Voxelwise analysis of DTI data was performed using the tract‐based spatial statistics. The fractional anisotropy (FA) images were normalized and projected onto the symmetrical white matter skeleton, and the laterality index (LI) of FA, determined by 2 × (left ‐ right)/(left + right), was calculated. The results reveal that schizophrenia patients and healthy controls showed similar patterns of overall FA asymmetries. In the group comparison, patients showed significant reduction of LI in the external capsule (EC), and posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC). The EC cluster revealed increased rightward asymmetry, and the PLIC cluster showed reduced leftward asymmetry. Rightward‐shift of FA in the EC cluster correlated with negative symptom severity. Considering that the EC cluster includes the uncinate and inferior occipitofrontal fasciculi, which have connections to the orbitofrontal cortex, abnormal asymmetry of white matter integrity in schizophrenia may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, through the altered connectivity to the orbitofrontal cortex. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural processes of preparatory control for stop signal inhibition
Authors: Hu Sien , Li Chiang‐Shan R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study investigated the preparatory control of motor inhibition and motor execution using a stop signal task (SST) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In the SST, a frequent “go” signal triggered a prepotent response and a less frequent “stop” signal prompted the inhibition of this response. Preparatory control of motor inhibition and execution in the stop signal trials were examined by contrasting brain activation between stop success and stop error trials during the fore‐period, in which participants prepared to respond to go or to stop. Results from 91 healthy adults showed greater activation in the right prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal lobule during preparatory motor inhibition. Preparatory motor execution activated bilateral putamen, primary motor cortices, posterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and superior temporal/intraparietal sulci. Furthermore, the extents of these inhibition and execution activities were inversely correlated across subjects. On the basis of a median split of the stop signal reaction time (SSRT), subjects with short SSRT showed greater activity in the right orbital frontal cortex during preparatory inhibition. These new findings suggest that the go and stop processes interact prior to target presentation in the SST, in accord with recent computational models of stop signal inhibition. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical research on heat transfer and flow resistance performance of specially‐shaped rod baffle heat exchangers
Authors: Gu Xin , Dong Xiao‐lin , Liu Min‐shan , Wang Yong‐qing 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn order to overcome the disadvantages of heat transfer performance in the shell side of the common circular cross section rod baffle heat exchanger with a low Reynolds number, a numerical simulation on fluid flow and heat transfer in the shell side with different types of rod baffles is carried out. The rod baffles include the circular cross section, trigonal cross section, and rhombic cross section. The influence of heat transfer enhancement and flow resistance reduction affected by baffles is summarized. It is indicated that the trigonal and rhombic cross section rod baffles present the better performance of heat transfer enhancement and flow resistance reduction. With the rhombic cross section rod baffles in the shell side, the higher heat transfer coefficient and overall property in the shell side are achieved when Re is lower, and the heat transfer coefficient in the shell side is 10% higher than that of a circular cross section rod baffle at the same Reynolds number. The trigonal and rhombic cross section rod baffles in the shell side give more optional structure forms for expanding the application scope of rod baffle heat exchangers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20388
Toward Homogeneous Erythropoietin: Application of Metal‐Free Dethiylation in the Chemical Synthesis of the Ala79‐Arg166 Glycopeptide Domain
Authors: Dong Suwei , Shang Shiying , Tan Zhongping , Danishefsky Samuel J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe describe herein the assembly of hEPO(79–166), a key glycopeptide segment en route to erythropoietin, in minimally protected form. Key to the success of this synthetic endeavor was the application of our two‐step cysteine‐free native chemical ligation strategy, by which we achieved formal ligation at alanine and proline residues through the use of an N‐terminal amino acid surrogate presenting a readily removable thiol functionality.
An analysis of nonhomogeneous Kuznetsov's equation: Local and global well‐posedness; exponential decay
Authors: Kaltenbacher Barbara , Lasiecka Irena 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper deals with well‐posedness of the Kuznetsov equation, which is an enhanced model for nonlinear acoustic wave propagation, e.g., in the context of high intensity ultrasound therapy. This is a quasilinear evolutionary wave equation with potential degeneration and strong damping. We consider it on a bounded domain in Rn, n = 1, 2, 3, with possibly inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. Based on appropriate energy estimates and Banach's fixed point theorem applied to an appropriate formulation of the PDE, we first of all prove local well‐posedness with small initial data. For proving global existence, we use barrier's method and exploit the dissipative mechanism leading to decay rates. The latter also allow us to prove exponential decay. For the treatment of inhomogeneous boundary conditions, appropriate extensions of the boundary data to the interior are crucial.
Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in Richardson's syndrome and progressive supranuclear palsy‐parkinsonism
Authors: Srulijes Karin , Reimold Matthias , Liscic Rajka M. , Bauer Sarah , Dietzel Elisabeth , Liepelt‐Scarfone Inga , Berg Daniela , Maetzler Walter 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:We hypothesized that postural instability and cognitive decline in patients with Richardson's syndrome could be a consequence of reduced thalamic and frontal metabolism. Severe Parkinsonian signs in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy‐parkinsonism may be reflected by alterations in putaminal metabolism.Methods:Eleven patients with Richardson's syndrome, 8 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy‐parkinsonism, 12 with Parkinson's disease, and 10 controls underwent clinical assessment and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET).Results:Richardson's syndrome patients showed pronounced thalamic hypometabolism, and patients with progressive supranuclear palsy‐parkinsonism pronounced putaminal hypometabolism, compared to all other investigated groups. The putamen/thalamus uptake ratio differentiated progressive supranuclear palsy‐parkinsonism from Richardson's syndrome (area under the curve = 0.86) and from Parkinson's disease (area under the curve = 0.80) with acceptable accuracy. Frontal hypometabolism was predominantly found in Richardson's syndrome patients.Conclusions:Richardson's syndrome, progressive supranuclear palsy‐parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease showed different metabolic patterns in fluorodeoxyglucose PET. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Comparing doctors' and nurses' accounts of how they provide emotional care for parents of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Forsey Mary , Salmon Peter , Eden Tim , Young Bridget 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveDespite the emphasis that communication skills training (CST) programmes place on attending to the emotional care of patients, evidence suggests that practitioners neglect this aspect of patient care. We describe and compare doctors' and nurses' accounts of managing the emotional care of parents of children with leukaemia, with the overall objective of examining how their accounts might inform training and policy.MethodsAudio‐recorded qualitative interviews with 30 doctors and nurses working in six UK paediatric oncology and haematology treatment centres were analysed interpretatively, drawing on the constant comparative method.ResultsDoctors' and nurses' descriptions of managing emotional care differed markedly. Doctors described reassuring parents through their ongoing clinical care of the child and by explaining the potentially curative nature of treatment. Doctors did not think they could reassure parents by eliciting and explicitly discussing parents' fears. In contrast, nurses relied on psychological skills and explicit discussion of parents' emotions to provide reassurance. Both doctors and nurses relied on each other to ensure that parents' emotional needs were met by the multidisciplinary team rather than by individual practitioners.ConclusionNurses' accounts of providing emotional care resembled the emphasis on explicit emotional talk in CST. However, doctors' accounts indicated that they provided emotional care in ways that diverged markedly from expectations in CST but that were more consistent with their biomedical and authoritative role in patient care. These findings may have implications for CST in future revisions of guidelines, but work is first needed to explore parents' perspectives on emotional care. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A phosphoramidate‐based prostate‐specific membrane antigen‐targeted SPECT agent
Authors: Nedrow‐Byers Jessie R. , Jabbes Mohamed , Jewett Cayla , Ganguly Tanushree , He Haiyang , Liu Tiancheng , Benny Paul , Bryan Jeffrey N. , Berkman Clifford E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) remains an active target for imaging and therapeutic applications for prostate cancer.METHODSIn the present study, an irreversible phosphoramidate inhibitor, CTT‐54 (IC50 = 14 nM), has been modified to deliver 99mTc‐(CO)3‐DTPA as a SPECT imaging payload to PSMA+ cells in vivo and in vitro. Percent uptake, competitive binding, and internalization will evaluate the imaging agent in vitro. Preliminary biodistribution and imaging will be utilized for in vivo evaluation.RESULTSIn vitro studies demonstrate that the radiotracer 99mTc‐(CO)3‐DTPA‐CTT‐54 exhibits increasing cellular uptake in the PSMA+ LNCaP cells over time. More importantly, it was found that 99mTc‐(CO)3‐DTPA‐CTT‐54 is rapidly internalized into LNCaP cells, presumably through the PSMA enzyme‐inhibitor complex. In a pilot biodistribution study, increasing accumulation of the radiotracer in LNCaP xenografts was observed from 2 to 4 hr and significant clearance from non‐target tissues.CONCLUSIONSWhile DTPA may not represent the ideal chelate structure for 99mTc(CO)3, the data provides proof‐of‐concept support for the development of a next‐generation phosphoramidate‐based PSMA inhibitor‐conjugates for use as SPECT imaging agents. Prostate 72:904–912, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Balance of the Sexes: the Feminisation of Australia's Population, 1901–2008
Authors: Opeskin Brian , Kippen Rebecca 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe numerical balance between males and females in a population has been of long‐standing interest to social scientists because of its effects on marriage, fertility, and the societal roles of men and women. Yet, little attention has been paid to mapping changes in sex ratios or identifying their demographic determinants. This study addresses this gap by examining secular changes in the balance between males and females in Australia from 1901 to 2008. A method of decomposing these changes into components due to sex differentials in fertility, mortality, and migration is described and applied.The study describes the gradual feminisation of the Australian population over a century and gives an account of how the ratio of the sexes differs by age and how long it takes to exhaust the numerical superiority of men at birth. The study explains these changes by examining long‐term trends in the sex ratio of births, deaths, and net migration for successive cohorts. The relatively high mortality of males and the emerging pattern of feminine net migration since the 1970s explain the transformation of the Australian population from its highly masculine past to its contemporary state of greater balance between the sexes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High optical quality multicarat single crystal diamond produced by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Meng Yu‐fei , Yan Chih‐shiue , Krasnicki Szczesny , Liang Qi , Lai Joseph , Shu Haiyun , Yu Thomas , Steele Andrew , Mao Ho‐kwang , Hemley Russell J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFinding ways to routinely and reliably produce larger near‐colorless and colorless single‐crystal diamond needed for a variety of applications in science and technology is a major challenge. Microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) techniques have been refined to produce large, high‐purity single crystal diamond anvils. Specifically multicarat single crystal diamond has been produced at high growth rate without annealing (around 50 µm/h) with low impurities content. UV–visible absorption, Raman/photoluminescence spectroscopy, cathodoluminescence, and confocal Raman imaging are used to characterize the diamond. The measurements show that the material has high optical quality and clarity without layers. The large intensity ratio of the second‐order Raman peak to the fluorescence background is essential for high‐pressure optical windows. The origin of the residual color is also examined.The picture on the right shows a 2.4 carat single‐crystal CVD diamond compared with 0.25 carat CVD diamond. Left images: Example of the evolution of CVD diamond single crystal starting with crystal 13.5 carat block to the 2.3 carat cut gem anvil. magnified image