bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
China's Economy Is in Balance
Authors: GANG FAN 
Published: October 2010

The United States accuses China of subsidizing its entire export economy through artificially undervaluing its currency. China accuses the United States of fiscal profligacy while flooding the world with easy credit to keep its economy afloat. This dispute reflects the reality that the world's two largest economies are built on opposite dynamics of production and savings vs. consumerism and debt. In Europe, the wages of unsustainable debt that financed the welfare state have also come due.Rebalancing the global economy in this context is not only a matter of fixing exchange or interest rates and extending the retirement age. It must also involve a recalibration of democracy in both East and West. Two Nobel economists, the Greek prime minister, a ranking Chinese economist and the former chief economist of the IMF address these issues.
High Mid‐Term Mortality Following Successful Lead Extraction for Infection
Authors: HENRIKSON CHARLES A. , ZHANG KARL , BRINKER JEFFREY A. 
Published: October 2010

Background: Transvenous lead extraction patients tend to have multiple medical problems complicated by prolonged infections that may result in high‐mortality rates following a successful procedure.
Methods: All adult patients referred for lead extraction for infection over a 4‐year period were included in this study. Mortality following the procedure was assessed using hospital records and the Social Security Death Index.
Results: Indications for extraction were systemic infection (n = 34) and isolated pocket infection (n = 33). Of the 67 patients, 47 (70%) were still alive at follow‐up (6–55 months). No patient died during or within 24 hours of the procedure, and two were sent to emergent surgery and did well. However, five died during prolonged hospitalizations, and two were discharged to hospice care and died shortly thereafter. The remaining 13 deaths occurred after discharge from the hospital at a mean interval of 15 months (range, 24 days to 35 months) following the procedure. Notably, six of seven patients who died in the hospital, and nine of 13 who died after discharge, had bacteremia as their indication for extraction, for an overall mortality risk of 44% in patients with systemic infection.
Conclusions: True risk assessment for lead extraction patients is underestimated and may be related to the focus on the procedural risks, while the underlying illness and physiologic state may account for the excess mortality following a successful extraction. In most cases, the infected hardware contributed to the length and severity of the illness, and thus earlier consideration for extraction may be warranted. (PACE 2011; 32–36)
Variations in resistance against Phthorimaea operculella in wild potato tubers
Authors: Horgan Finbarr G. , Quiring Dan T. , Lagnaoui Aziz , Salas Alberto R. , Pelletier Yvan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTuber resistance can contribute to current management strategies against the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in field and stored potatoes. Wild potatoes represent a potential source of novel resistance traits against the moth. We assessed resistance in three wild potato species, Solanum multiinterruptum Bitt., Solanum sparsipilum (Bitt.) Juz. & Buk., and Solanum wittmackii Bitt. against neonate and developing tuber moth larvae. All three species had high levels of resistance but accessions of S. sparsipilum and S. wittmackii were significantly more resistant. Resistance in S. multiinterruptum was generally concentrated in the tuber periderm, whereas in S. sparsipilum and S. wittmackii resistance was mainly cortex‐based. Unidentified cortex‐resistance factors in all three species reduced survival and increased larval and pupal development times, but had no apparent effects on the pupal weights of survivors. A high proportion of larvae abandoned or died within tubers of S. wittmackii, which has particularly high levels of unidentified cortex‐based defenses. Resistance decreased in S. multiinterruptum and S. sparsipilum as tubers sprouted but was more stable in S. wittmackii. Periderm‐based resistance was more stable than cortex‐based resistance in S. multiinterruptum during sprouting. In contrast, cortex‐based resistance was stable in tubers of S. wittmackii as these sprouted, and resistance may have increased on some older sprouting tubers. Solanum multiinterruptum and S. sparsipilum are proposed as potential sources of resistance against the potato tuber moth.
Transaction costs in milk marketing: a comparison between Canada and Great Britain
Authors: Royer Annie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study measures the magnitude of transaction costs incurred by milk producers in their contractual relations with dairy processors in two different coordination mechanisms: centralized contracting through a marketing board and decentralized bilateral contracting. Interviews and surveys were conducted to estimate transaction costs faced by producers marketing through the Québec milk marketing board in Canada and bilateral contracts in England and Wales in the United Kingdom using the measurement methodology of the cost of exchange. Our results show that the relative magnitude of transaction costs incurred by producers across both settings is quite low, which indicates that both hybrid coordination mechanisms minimize transaction costs in the dairy sector. However, results from the bilateral contracting setting indicate a strong heterogeneity of transaction costs levels among farmers. In that respect, the milk marketing board and its institutional setting would act as a collective insurance, pooling transaction costs and sharing them among producers. Our analysis leads to recommendations on bilateral contracting.
Shifting cultivation and forest pressure in Cameroon
Authors: Ickowitz Amy 
Published: October 2010

AbstractShifting cultivation is often blamed as a principal cause of deforestation in tropical Africa. It is claimed that the practice is unsustainable because shortened fallow lengths result in soils too degraded to support forest vegetation. The decline in fallow lengths is often attributed to increases in population density and greater market participation. The conventional wisdom makes several claims that are as yet unsubstantiated. This article investigates whether there is evidence to support two of these claims in southern Cameroon. First, using both cross‐sectional and panel data, I find that there is indeed a robust negative association between fallow lengths and population density in the study area and weaker evidence for a negative relationship between fallow lengths and market participation. Second, a stochastic frontier production function approach is used to investigate the marginal contribution of fallow to output. Results indicate that fallow lengths are not low enough to be affecting yields and therefore do not appear to be resulting in declines in soil fertility. Thus overall, while some of the assumptions of the conventional wisdom appear to be true, there is little evidence to support its dramatic conclusion that shifting cultivators are causing deforestation in the forested region of Cameroon.
Influence of varying levels of dietary cation anion difference on ruminal characteristics, nitrogen metabolism and in situ digestion kinetics in buffalo bulls
Authors: SHARIF Muhammad , SHAHZAD Muhammad A. , Mahr‐un‐Nisa  , SARWAR Muhammad 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to examine the influence of varying dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) on nutrient intake, digestibility, ruminal characteristics, blood acid base status and in situ digestion kinetics in Nili Ravi buffalo bulls. Four iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐caloric diets having −110, +110, +220 and +330 mEq/kg dry matter (DM) DCAD were formulated which were represented by A (anionic), LC (low cationic), MC (medium cationic) and HC (high cationic), respectively. These diets were used in four ruminally cannulated Nili Ravi buffalo bulls in a 4 × 4 Latin Square Design. Improved nutrient intake was recorded at high DCAD levels while digestibility remained unaffected. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen, rumen pH, acetate and acetate : propionate ratio were higher in buffalo bulls fed MC and HC diets than those fed A and LC diets. Blood pH and HCO3‐ also tended to increase as DCAD level was increased in the diet. Serum Ca and Cl concentrations were higher in bulls fed A and LC diets whereas serum Mg, P and S remained unaffected. Urine pH increased with increasing DCAD level. Nitrogen intake and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were also higher in bulls fed MC and HC diets. There was a consistent increase in ruminal DM and neutral detergent fiber degradability, rate of disappearance and extent of digestion at high DCAD levels in the diet. However, lag time decreased at high DCAD level. This study indicated that buffalo bulls fed MC and HC diets improved feed intake, ruminal characteristics and digestion kinetics.
Partial cDNA sequence of a relaxin‐like factor (RLF) receptor, LGR8 and possible existence of the RLF ligand‐receptor system in goat testes
Authors: SIQIN  , NAKAI Mari , HAGI Tomohiro , KATO Shinichi , PITIA Ali Mohammed , KOTANI Mai , ODANAKA Yuki , SUGAWARA Yasushi , HAMANO Koh‐Ichi , YOGO Keiichiro , NAGURA Yoshio , FUJITA Masaru , SASADA Hiroshi , SATO Eimei , KOHSAKA Tetsuya 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTRelaxin‐like factor (RLF), also known as insulin‐like factor 3 (INSL3), is produced by testicular Leydig cells, but its specific receptor LGR8 (leucine‐rich repeat family of G‐protein‐coupled receptor 8) has not been identified in goats. This study aimed to identify complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences of goat LGR8, and characterize the expression of both RLF and LGR8 in goat testes by RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. Testes were collected from immature (3‐month‐old) and mature (24‐month‐old) Saanen goats, and partial cDNA sequences of the goat homologue of human LGR8 were identified. The sequence encoded a reduced peptide sequence of 167 amino acids, which corresponded to transmembrane regions 2 through 5, followed by the beginning of intracellular loop 3 of human LGR8. Expression of both LGR8 and RLF genes was drastically increased in mature testes compared with immature ones. Although RLF protein was restricted to Leydig cells, LGR8 protein was detected in both Leydig cells and seminiferous epithelial cells (possibly germ cells and Sertoli cells). These results reveal a possible existence of the RLF‐LGR8 ligand‐receptor system within the goat testis, suggesting that RLF may play a role in testicular function through LGR8 on Leydig cells and seminiferous epithelial cells in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner.
Gene expression and hormonal regulation of adiponectin and its receptors in bovine mammary gland and mammary epithelial cells
Authors: OHTANI Yoshihisa , YONEZAWA Tomo , SONG Sang‐Houn , TAKAHASHI Tatsuyuki , ARDIYANTI Astrid , SATO Katsuyoshi , HAGINO Akihiko , ROH Sang‐gun , KATOH Kazuo 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAlthough the functions of adiponectin, a differentiated adipocyte‐derived hormone, in regulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism are regulated by two subtypes of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs; AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), those in ruminants remain unclear. Therefore we examined the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of adiponectin and its receptors in various bovine tissues and mammary glands among different lactation stages, and the effects of lactogenic hormones (insulin, dexamethasone and prolactin) and growth hormone (GH) on mRNA expression of the AdipoRs in cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). AdipoRs mRNAs were widely expressed in various bovine tissues, but adiponectin mRNA expression was significantly higher in adipose tissue than in other tissues. In the mammary gland, although adiponectin mRNA expression was significantly decreased at lactation, AdipoR1 mRNA expression was significantly higher at peak lactation than at the dry‐off stage. In BMEC, lactogenic hormones and GH upregulated AdipoR2 mRNA expression but did not change that of AdipoR1. In conclusion, adiponectin and its receptor mRNA were expressed in various bovine tissues and the adiponectin mRNA level was decreased during lactation. These results suggest that adiponectin and its receptors ware changed in mammary glands by lactation and that AdipoRs mRNA expression was regulated by different pathways in BMEC.
Simple method for isolation of glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and the improvement of myofibril gel properties
Authors: MIYAGUCHI Yuji , SAKAMOTO Taro , SASAKI Shun , NAKADE Koji , TANABE Manabu , ICHINOSEKI Satoko , NUMATA Masahiro , KOSAI Kiichi 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTPorcine glycoliytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD) was prepared effectively by a combination of ethylene diamine tetra‐acetate (EDTA) pretreatment and affinity purification. After salting out of porcine sarcoplasmic proteins (SP) with ammonium sulfate at 75% saturation, the obtained supernatant (SP‐f3) was treated with EDTA, leaving G3PD in the supernatant (G3PD‐E) and most other SPs in the precipitate. At that time, the separation of G3PD‐E required more than 20 mmol/L EDTA. G3PD‐E was then subjected to affinity purification by batchwise method using blue‐sepharose CL‐6B, and purified G3PD (G3PD‐AP) was obtained using 2 mol/L potassium chloride (KCl) as an eluent. Texture analysis showed that the hardness, adhesiveness and gumminess of the myofibril gel at 0.2‐mol/L NaCl increased with the addition of G3PD‐AP. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the G3PD‐AP reinforced the gel network of the myofibril. However, scanning electron micrograph analysis showed that the network‐structure of the gel by the addition of G3PD‐AP developed in a different manner from that by adding 0.6 mol/L NaCl. These results showed that glycolytic enzyme, G3PD, contributes to the improvement of the rheological properties of meat products.
Development of discrimination markers between Japanese domestic and imported beef
Authors: SASAZAKI Shinji , HOSOKAWA Daisuke , ISHIHARA Rie , AIHARA Hiroki , OYAMA Kenji , MANNEN Hideyuki 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTIn the meat industry, correct labeling of beef origins or breed is required to assure quality and safety. This paper describes the development of discrimination markers between Japanese domestic and imported beef from the United States (US) and Australia (AUS) based on a bovine 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array using a total of 110 samples: Japanese Black (n = 50), Japanese Holstein (n = 50) and US cattle (n = 10). Genotyping information revealed 1081 SNPs as candidate markers that were polymorphic only in US cattle. The genotyping results by PCR – restriction length polymorphism in Japanese Black (n = 300) and Holstein cattle (n = 146) revealed that 11 SNPs had alleles specific to US cattle. Their allelic frequencies in US cattle (n = 108) ranged from 0.097 to 0.250 with an average of 0.178 and the combined identification probability of US cattle was 0.987. In addition, we also verified the applicability of these US‐specific markers to AUS cattle. Their allelic frequencies in AUS cattle (n = 280) ranged from 0.063 to 0.224 with an average of 0.137 and the combined identification probability of AUS cattle was 0.963. In conclusion, a set of these markers could be useful for discriminating between Japanese domestic and imported beef and would contribute to identify origins and prevent falsified labeling of beef.
Recent progress in the study of behavior and management in grazing cattle
Authors: KONDO Seiji 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTRecent progress in studies concerning behavior of, and management for, grazing cattle are reviewed. Since 1950, much study has been conducted on ‘How’, ‘When’, ‘Where’ and ‘How long’ regarding grazing. After the 1980s, grazing ecology introduced the concept of hierarchy at different spatial and temporal scales, and since then grazing behavior has been investigated on the foraging hierarchy of large grazing herbivores: bite, feeding station (FS), patch, feeding site, camp and home range. From the sequence of activities, FS is grouped within a feeding patch, and movement of grazing cattle has been studied between FSs, feeding patches, feeding sites and between camps. Grazing behavior and production relates closley with defoliation, and grazing management should control both grazing behavior and vegetation according to three rules: planning, operational and adaptation rules. Planning rules relate the stocking rate of cattle; operational rules relate to defoliation; and adaptation rules vary with regional situations. Recent studies on grazing have been carried out in the fields of animal diversity and welfare. Future studies in this field should be conducted on the ecology, neurophysiology and psychology of grazing. Nonlinear analysis will also be significant in this field. Grazing cattle production should also utilize supplementation by roughage and/or grains.
Structure–cytotoxicity relationships in bovine seminal ribonuclease: new insights from heat and chemical denaturation studies on variants
Authors: Giancola Concetta , Ercole Carmine , Fotticchia Iolanda , Spadaccini Roberta , Pizzo Elio , D’Alessio Giuseppe , Picone Delia 
Published: October 2010

Bovine seminal ribonuclease (BS‐RNase), a homodimeric protein displaying selective cytotoxicity towards tumor cells, is isolated as a mixture of two isoforms, a dimeric form in which the chains swap their N‐termini, and an unswapped dimer. In the cytosolic reducing environment, the dimeric form in which the chains swap their N‐termini is converted into a noncovalent dimer (termed NCD), in which the monomers remain intertwined through their N‐terminal ends. The quaternary structure renders the reduced protein resistant to the ribonuclease inhibitor, a protein that binds most ribonucleases with very high affinity. On the other hand, upon selective reduction, the unswapped dimer is converted in two monomers, which are readily bound and inactivated by the ribonuclease inhibitor. On the basis of these considerations, it has been proposed that the cytotoxic activity of BS‐RNase relies on the 3D structure and stability of its NCD derivative. Here, we report a comparison of the thermodynamic and chemical stability of the NCD form of BS‐RNase with that of the monomeric derivative, together with an investigation of the thermal dissociation mechanism revealing the presence of a dimeric intermediate. In addition, we report that the replacement of of Arg80 by Ser significantly decreases the cytotoxic activity of BS‐RNase and the stability of the NCD form with respect to the parent protein, but does not affect the ribonucleolytic activity or the dissociation mechanism. The data show the importance of Arg80 for the cytotoxicity of BS‐RNase, and also support the hypothesis that the reduced derivative of BS‐RNase is responsible for its cytotoxic activity.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐8050499: BS‐RNase (uniprotkb:P00669) and BS‐RNase (uniprotkb:P00669) bind (MI:0407) by biophysical (MI:0013)
MINT‐8050482: BS‐RNase (uniprotkb:P00669) and BS‐RNase (uniprotkb:P00669) bind (MI:0407) by classical fluorescence spectroscopy (MI:0017)
MINT‐8050435: BS‐RNase (uniprotkb:P00669) and BS‐RNase (uniprotkb:P00669) bind (MI:0407) by circular dichroism (MI:0016)
Evidence for Severe Atherosclerotic Changes in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: Comparative Autopsy Study Against Cardiovascular Disease Patients Without Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Suzuki Chigure , Nakamura Satoko , Ishibashi‐Ueda Hatsue , Yoshihara Fumiki , Kawano Yuhei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity among hemodialysis patients, but whether it is more severe in hemodialysis patients than in cardiovascular disease patients without chronic kidney disease is unclear. We examined 46 autopsy patients who had undergone hemodialysis, and age and sex‐matched 46 patients with cardiovascular disease and an eGFR of >60 mL/min/1.73 m2. There was no difference in the prevalence of diabetes or hypertension between the groups. We divided the aorta into four segments: A, ascending artery to arch; B, descending artery to diaphragm; C, suprarenal; and D, infrarenal. We used the classification of the American Heart Association to evaluate atherosclerosis progression. Distribution was scored by the extent to which each segment was damaged: 0, none; 1, less than 1/3; 2, more than 1/3 to less than 2/3; 3, more than 2/3. Histological examination revealed that the progression score (P < 0.05) and distribution score (P < 0.005) were more severe in the hemodialysis group, especially in segment A. Regression analysis showed that atherosclerosis of segment A was related to age, gender, dyslipidemia, smoking, hemodialysis therapy, and hemodialysis duration. In hemodialysis patients, atherosclerotic changes in the aorta were more severe than in cardiovascular disease patients with an eGFR of >60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Aortic atherosclerosis was aggravated by traditional and chronic kidney disease‐related risk factors.
Nutritional Status Evaluated by Multi‐Frequency Bioimpedance Is Not Associated With Quality of Life or Depressive Symptoms in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Barros Annerose , Pinheiro da Costa Bartira E. , Poli‐de‐Figueiredo Carlos E. , Antonello Ivan C. , d'Avila Domingos O. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHemodialysis therapy significantly impacts on patients' physical, psychological, and social performances. Such reduced quality of life depends on several factors, such as malnutrition, depression, and metabolic derangements. This study aims to evaluate the current nutritional status, quality of life and depressive symptoms, and determine the possible relationships with other risk factors for poor outcomes, in stable hemodialysis patients. This was a single‐center, cross‐sectional study that enrolled 59 adult patients undergoing hemodialysis. Laboratory tests that included high‐sensitivity c‐reactive protein (CRP), and quality of life and depressive symptom evaluation, as well as malnutrition–inflammation score, nutritional status and body composition (by direct segmental multi‐frequency bioimpedance analysis) determinations were performed. Patients were classified as “underfat”, “standard”, “overfat”, or “obese” by multi‐frequency bioimpedance analysis. Seven patients were underfat, 19 standard, 19 overfat, and 14 obese. Triglyceride levels significantly differed between the underfat, standard, overfat, and obese groups (1.06 [0.98–1.98]; 1.47 [1.16–1.67]; 2.53 [1.17–3.13]; 2.12 [1.41–2.95] mmol/L, respectively; P = 0.026), as did Kt/V between the underfat, overfat, and obese groups (1.49 ± 0.14; 1.23 ± 0.19; 1.19 ± 0.22; P = 0.015 and P = 0.006, respectively). Depressive symptoms, quality of life, and CRP and phosphate levels did not diverge among nutritional groups. Creatinine, albumin, and phosphate strongly correlated, as well as percent body fat, body mass index, and waist circumference (r = 0.859 [P < 0.001], and r = 0.716 [P < 0.001], respectively). Depressive symptoms and physical and psychological quality‐of‐life domains also strongly correlated (rs = −0.501 [P < 0.001], rs = −0.597 [P < 0.001], respectively). The majority of patients were overfat or obese and very few underfat. Inflammation was prevalent, overall. No association of nutritional status with malnutrition‐inflammation, quality of life, or depressive symptoms could be established.