bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking extinction risk to the economic and nutritional value of sharks in small‐scale fisheries
Authors: Temple Andrew J. , Berggren Per , Jiddawi Narriman , Wambiji Nina , Poonian Chris N. S. , Salmin Yussuf N. , Berumen Michael L. , Stead Selina M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo achieve sustainable shark fisheries, it is key to understand not only the biological drivers and environmental consequences of overfishing, but also the social and economic drivers of fisher behavior. The extinction risk of sharks is highest in coastal tropical waters, where small‐scale fisheries are most prevalent. Small‐scale fisheries provide a critical source of economic and nutritional security to coastal communities, and these fishers are among the most vulnerable social and economic groups. We used Kenya's and Zanzibar's small‐scale shark fisheries, which are illustrative of the many data‐poor, small‐scale shark fisheries worldwide, as case studies to explore the relationship between extinction risk and the economic and nutritional value of sharks. To achieve this, we combined existing data on shark landings, extinction risk, and nutritional value with sales data at 16 key landing sites and information from interviews with 476 fishers. Shark fisheries were an important source of economic and nutritional security, valued at >US$4 million annually and providing enough nutrition for tens of thousands of people. Economically and nutritionally, catches were dominated by threatened species (72.7% and 64.6–89.7%, respectively). The most economically valuable species were large and slow to reproduce (e.g. mobulid rays, wedgefish, and bull, silky, and mako sharks) and therefore more likely to be threatened with extinction. Given the financial incentive and intensive fishing pressure, small‐scale fisheries are undoubtedly major contributors to the decline of threatened coastal shark species. In the absence of effective fisheries management and enforcement, we argue that within small‐scale fisheries the conditions exist for an economically incentivized feedback loop in which vulnerable fishers are driven to persistently overfish vulnerable and declining shark species. To protect these species from extinction, this feedback loop must be broken.
A longitudinal evaluation of personalized intrinsic network topography and cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Li Renxi , Pozorski Vincent , Dabbs Kevin , Haebig Maureen , Cox Christopher R. , Pletcher Colleen , Wey Alexandra , Barzgari Amy , Theisen Frances , Okonkwo Ozioma , Gallagher Catherine L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R‐fMRI) offers insight into how synchrony within and between brain networks is altered in disease states. Individual and disease‐related variability in intrinsic connectivity networks may influence our interpretation of R‐fMRI data. We used a personalized approach designed to account for individual variation in the spatial location of correlation maxima to evaluate R‐fMRI differences between Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who showed cognitive decline, those who remained cognitively stable and cognitively stable controls. We compared fMRI data from these participant groups, studied at baseline and 18 months later, using both network‐based statistics (NBS) and calculations of mean inter‐ and intra‐network connectivity within pre‐defined functional networks. The NBS analysis showed that PD participants who remained cognitively stable showed exclusively (at baseline) or predominantly (at follow‐up) increased intra‐network connectivity, whereas decliners showed exclusively reduced intra‐network and inter‐ (ventral attention and default mode) connectivity, in comparison with the control group. Evaluation of mean connectivity between all regions of interest (ROIs) within a priori networks showed that decliners had consistently reduced inter‐network connectivity for ventral attention, somatomotor, visual and striatal networks and reduced intra‐network connectivity for ventral attention network to striatum and cerebellum. These findings suggest that specific functional connectivity covariance patterns differentiate PD cognitive subtypes and may predict cognitive decline. Further, increased intra and inter‐network synchrony may support cognitive function in the face of PD‐related network disruptions.
Human‐specific insights into candidate genes and boosted discoveries of novel loci illuminate roles of neuroglia in reading disorders
Authors: Wei Wen‐Hua , Ma Shaowei , Fu Bo , Song Ranran , Guo Hui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractReading disorders (RD) are human‐specific neuropsychological conditions associated with decoding printed words and/or reading comprehension. So far only a handful of candidate genes segregated in families and 42 loci from genome‐wide association study (GWAS) have been identified that jointly provided little clues of pathophysiology. Leveraging human‐specific genomic information, we critically assessed the RD candidates for the first time and found substantial human‐specific features within. The GWAS candidates (i.e., population signals) were distinct from the familial counterparts and were more likely pleiotropic in neuropsychiatric traits and to harbor human‐specific regulatory elements (HSREs). Candidate genes associated with human cortical morphology indeed showed human‐specific expression in adult brain cortices, particularly in neuroglia likely regulated by HSREs. Expression levels of candidate genes across human brain developmental stages showed a clear pattern of uplifted expression in early brain development crucial to RD development. Following the new insights and loci pleiotropic in cognitive traits, we identified four novel genes from the GWAS sub‐significant associations (i.e., FOXO3, MAPT, KMT2E and HTT) and the Semaphorin gene family with functional priors (i.e., SEMA3A, SEMA3E and SEMA5B). These novel genes were related to neuronal plasticity and disorders, mostly conserved the pattern of uplifted expression in early brain development and had evident expression in cortical neuroglial cells. Our findings jointly illuminated the association of RD with neuroglia regulation—an emerging hotspot in studying neurodevelopmental disorders, and highlighted the need of improving RD phenotyping to avoid jeopardizing future genetic studies of RD.
Effects of traditional and dry bed baths on patients admitted in intensive units: A randomized crossover clinical trial
Authors: Ayhan Dilan , Yılmaz Dilek 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe bed bath is an important part of nursing care. There are few studies evaluating the effects of traditional and dry bed baths on patients.AimThis study was performed with the aim of investigating the effect of traditional and dry bed baths given to intensive care unit patients on the patients' hemodynamic parameters, the duration of the bathing procedure and the cost of consumable items.MethodsThis was a randomized crossover clinical trial and a prospective study. The study was conducted in a General Surgery Intensive Care Unit with 22 intensive care patients aged 18 and over, who had a nursing diagnosis of bathing personal care deficiency. Each patient was given two types of bed baths at an interval of 24 h: a traditional bed bath and a dry bed bath performed with single‐use tissues. Immediately before each bath, in the 5th, 10th and 15th minute of bathing, immediately after bathing and 30 min after bathing, body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate and peripheral oxygen saturation measurement changes over time were compared within the group using the Friedman test. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to compare the variables of bathing duration and bathing consumable item costs between the bathing procedures.ResultsIt was found that at the completion of traditional and dry bed bathing, the participants' body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and breathing rate parameters were statistically significantly lower than before bathing, whereas peripheral oxygen saturation values showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). It was found that the dry bed bath took a statistically significantly shorter time than the traditional bed bath and that the cost of consumable bathing materials was less (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIt was concluded that traditional and dry bed baths given to intensive care patients affected their hemodynamic parameters and that the dry bed bath was superior to the traditional bed bath in that it took less time and that it cost less.
Sex chromosome evolution in the clam shrimp Eulimnadia texana
Authors: Lang Connor , Ediriweera Chathumadavi , Weeks Stephen C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSex chromosome degeneration is documented in various animal taxa and is predicted to be due, in part, to a buildup of transposable elements (TE) on the non‐recombining sex chromosome (Y in mammals and W in many crustaceans). Recombination in XX (or ZZ) individuals is predicted to reduce the buildup of TEs on the X (Z), but because there are no YY (WW) individuals, such TE buildup goes unchecked on the Y or W. Herein, we report an analysis of TEs in the genome of a crustacean that has both ZZ and WW individuals. The purported W chromosome did show linkage with several known sex‐linked loci. However, the prediction of a buildup of TEs throughout the purported W was not found: neither the predicted accumulation of the TE types LINE and LTR nor the expected higher TE numbers were observed on the purported W. We could not exclude the possibility of TE buildup in a smaller non‐recombining region of the W chromosome, which is predicted in species in the earliest stages of sex chromosome development. These results allow a glimpse into the earliest stages of sex chromosome evolution in these branchiopod crustaceans.
Prevalence of masked hypertension in attended versus unattended office blood pressure measurement
Authors: Bertram Sebastian , Bauer Frederic , Shadi Roni , Seidel Maximilian , Doevelaar Adrian , Seibert Felix , Babel Nina , Westhoff Timm H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere is a controversial debate regarding whether unattended blood pressure (BP) measurement should be regarded as the new gold standard of office BP measurement. Unattended BP measurement eliminates the white‐coat effect and reduces external influences on the patient. On the other hand, it might underestimate real‐life BP. The present study compares the prevalence of masked hypertension using attended versus unattended office BP measurements. We performed a cross‐sectional study on 213 patients in a general practitioner's outpatient clinic and compared attended and unattended office BP with 24h‐ambulatory BP monitoring (24h‐ABPM). Masked hypertension was defined as pressure ≥135/85 mmHg in daytime ABPM with office systolic BP < 140/90 mmHg. Median attended and unattended office BPs were 140/86 and 134/80 mmHg with a median 24h‐BP of 129/79 mmHg and daytime ABP of 133/82 mmHg. The number of patients with masked hypertension was 45/213 (21.2%) using unattended and 23/213 (10.8%) using attended office BP measurements (p < .0001). Bland–Altman analysis revealed a 7.4 mmHg systolic and 6.2 mmHg diastolic bias between the attended versus unattended office BP, and two systolic and −1.7 mmHg diastolic biases between the unattended office BP and daytime ambulatory BP. In linear regression analysis, an unattended office BP of 134 mmHg corresponded to 140 mmHg in attended BP measurement. Using a cut‐off of 135/85 mmHg instead of 140/90 mmHg in unattended office BP measurement, the rate of masked hypertension was 26/213 (12.2%). Thus, unattended office BP measurement results in a substantial increase in the prevalence of masked hypertension using the traditional definition of hypertension. The present findings suggest that it might be reasonable to use a definition of 135/85 mmHg.
Physicians’ attitudes toward beta‐blockers for the treatment of hypertension in Italy, Poland, and Turkey
Authors: Prejbisz Aleksander , Donnaloja Francesca , Dobrowolski Piotr , Tettamanti Alessia , Januszewicz Andrzej , Zoghi Mehdi , Ferri Claudio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite substantial progress in understanding the complex pathophysiology, hypertension remains a serious public health challenge affecting over 1.2 billion adults aged 30–79 years worldwide. Appropriate knowledge of the different pharmaceutical classes of antihypertensive agents and an understanding of the characteristics of individual molecules are essential to optimize clinical outcomes in patients with hypertension. We conducted a computer‐assisted web interviewing (CAWI) quantitative survey in Italy, Poland, and Turkey to investigate physicians’ prescriptions, knowledge, and perceptions of antihypertensive drugs with a focus on β‐blockers, to assess antihypertensive usage patterns and the reasons underlying prescription choices. The survey findings show that β‐blockers retain a pivotal role in the management of hypertension and are prescribed more often for patients with cardiovascular comorbidities than for patients with diabetic comorbidities. In all three countries, nebivolol is the only β‐blocker among the ones analyzed which is consistently prescribed to 20% or more of patients and is overall the most prescribed one for the population with comorbid diabetes. In terms of specific β‐blockers’ features, this study revealed knowledge gaps that underline the need for educational activities focused on the differences among β‐blockers, which are important in choosing the most suitable agent for individualized antihypertensive therapy.
BDNF/TrkB activators in Parkinson's disease: A new therapeutic strategy
Authors: Ali Naif H. , Al‐Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , AlAseeri Ali Abdullah , Alruwaili Mubarak , Saad Hebatallah M. , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber 
Published: May 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the brain and is manifested by motor and non‐motor symptoms because of degenerative changes in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. PD neuropathology is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and apoptosis. Thus, the modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and apoptosis by growth factors could be a novel boulevard in the management of PD. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase type B (TrkB) are chiefly involved in PD neuropathology. BDNF promotes the survival of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and enhances the functional activity of striatal neurons. Deficiency of the TrkB receptor triggers degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of α‐Syn in the substantia nigra. As well, BDNF/TrkB signalling is reduced in the early phase of PD neuropathology. Targeting of BDNF/TrkB signalling by specific activators may attenuate PD neuropathology. Thus, this review aimed to discuss the potential role of BDNF/TrkB activators against PD. In conclusion, BDNF/TrkB signalling is decreased in PD and linked with disease severity and long‐term complications. Activation of BDNF/TrkB by specific activators may attenuate PD neuropathology.
Growth and impact of Project ECHO for workforce development in age‐friendly care
Authors: Carrico Catherine Phillips , McKibbin Christine , Waters Leland , Thompson Katherine , Graupner Jeffrey , Cotton Samantha , Faul Anna , Clark Phillip G. , Telonidis Jacqueline , Helm Faith , Caprio Thomas , Bennett Katherine A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundUse of the Project ECHO® (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) model in geriatrics has increased dramatically largely because of the Health Resources and Services Administration‐funded Geriatrics Workforce Enhancement Programs (GWEP) utilizing it as a key tool for age‐friendly, interprofessional workforce development. This manuscript describes the scope and impact of geriatrics ECHOs under the GWEP.MethodsA survey of GWEPs was conducted to measure the reach, foci, evaluation methods, and other characteristics of ECHO networks.ResultsAll 48 (100%) GWEPs responded to the survey, and 30 (63%) reported using ECHO. GWEP ECHOs have both rural and urban‐underserved reach across the United States, and their hub teams include many health professions. Age‐friendly care is incorporated through multiple methods and is taught across foci including primary care, dementia, long term care, and novel topics. GWEP ECHOs have many academic and community partners including Area Agencies on Aging, and reach varied health professions, trainees, and caregivers. Geriatrics ECHOs collect outcomes across the evidence continuum including the community‐level outcome of Age‐Friendly Health System designation.ConclusionsThe ECHO model has been widely adopted by GWEPs as a key approach for workforce training in age‐friendly care. Project ECHO is a valuable tool to expand interprofessional training for the geriatrics workforce, particularly for interprofessional teams in rural and underserved areas.
Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Aotearoa New Zealand: An online survey of workforce and outcomes 2021
Authors: Fisher Calum , Williman Jonathan , Burnside Mercedes , Davies Hannah , Jefferies Craig , Paul Ryan , Wheeler Benjamin J , de Bock Martin 
Published: May 2024

AimsTo survey the national workforce that manages children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Aotearoa New Zealand and compare with glycaemic outcomes for 2021.MethodsA representative from each tertiary and regional diabetes service in Aotearoa New Zealand was asked to participate in an online survey assessing health‐care professional (HCP) workforce numbers operating for the 2021 calendar year. Regional full‐time‐equivalent (FTE), glycaemic outcomes and population demographics were compared to a previously reported workforce surveys (2015 and 2019).ResultsSeventeen sites responded – including all four large tertiary centres – serving >99% of children and adolescents with T1D in Aotearoa New Zealand. HCP resourcing varied across sites, with median (range) HCP/100 patient ratios of: doctors: 0.40 (0.16–1.11), nurses: 1.19 (0.29–5.56), dietitians: 0.25 (0–1.11) and psychologist/social workers: 0 (0–0.26). No site met all of the International Society of Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) recommendations of HCP/100 patient ratios. Measures of socio‐economic deprivation predicted HbA1c, rather than the diabetes clinic attended. Overall, only 15.1% (240/1585) of patients had an HbA1c less than the recommended 53 mmol/mol.ConclusionsThe Aotearoa New Zealand workforce for children and adolescents with T1D is under‐resourced and no site meets the ISPAD recommendations. There has been no significant increase in HCP/100 patient ratios compared to previous workforce surveys over the last decade. Few children and adolescents with T1D meet the recommended HbA1c. Resourcing according to recommended clinical need is required if equity in outcomes for young people with T1D is to be addressed.
Limits on quality of life: Who has the answer?
Authors: Coppus Antonia , van Berkel Jannemeis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTaking care of persons with intellectual and multiple disabilities (IMD), especially when vulnerability and medical intervention increase, can lead to the question: to what extent is there still quality of life? In the search for answers, caretakers and families are confronted with unsolvable dilemmas such as how can we identify the meaning of this life or recognise when there is suffering? How does one understand and give meaning to quality of life where fragility is present? Society, on the other hand, which rates successful living as the standard, avoids the discussion on limits to quality of life by labelling it as a medical ethical issue. It has recently been argued that the medical perspective is leading in this discussion and is the deciding factor in giving meaning to quality of life. Such statements worry IMD healthcare professionals and caregivers. This article therefore aims to offer an insight into the professional, practical and personal care experience of both authors, to explore the issue in more depth and start a nuanced dialogue without losing sight of the immense complexity of the subject. To do this, we first outline the social context in which the healthcare practice has to take place, explaining the reality of it and the difficulties faced.
Screening for hepatitis C virus at the time of mammography using rapid diagnostic tests in women aged between 50 and 74 years (Mamm'OC NCT05067374)
Authors: Meszaros Magdalena , Coursier Séverine , Nagot Nicolas , Moulis Lionel , Taourel Patrice , Pages‐Bouic Emma , Fabre‐Demard Nathalie , Trentini Muriel , Pageaux Georges‐Philippe , Donnadieu Helene 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChronic hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection presents a global health challenge, with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite remarkable progress in treatment options, achieving elimination targets by 2030, as set by the World Health Organization, remains elusive. Our study aimed to address this gap by integrating HCV screening into a national breast cancer screening program. Between March 2022 and March 2023, a prospective cross‐sectional multicenter study was conducted in four radiology centers in Montpellier, France. We proposed HCV screening to consecutive women undergoing mammography, targeting 1,500 participants aged 50–74 years. A rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for HCV antibodies (HCV Ab) was performed on capillary whole blood, with positive cases undergoing serological and RNA confirmation. Participants also completed a questionnaire on demographic data and risk factors. Acceptance rates, HCV prevalence, and linkage to care were assessed. The acceptance rate for this integrated screening approach was 82.4%. Notably, the seroprevalence of HCV was found to be 0.65%. Linkage to care was prompt, and the cascade of care demonstrated successful treatment outcomes. Importantly, the majority of detected infections were successfully resolved. These findings underscore the feasibility and acceptability of integrating HCV screening with breast cancer screening programs providing updated prevalence data and valuable insights for refining future screening strategies.
Working with companies that manufacture breastmilk substitutes: An EAACI position paper
Authors: Arasi Stefania , Caubet Jean‐Christoph , Ceylan Ozlem , Eguíluz‐Gracia Ibon , Del Giacco Stefano , Gelincik Aslı , Jutel Marek , Meyer Rosan , Ollert Markus , Torres Maria J. ,   Written the EAACI Formula Milk Industry Sponsorship Task Force
Published: May 2024

AbstractBreastmilk is the optimal source of nutrition for infants and should ideally be provided exclusively for the first 6 months of life, and alongside complementary food until 2 years of life. However, there are circumstances where a breastmilk substitute (BMS) may be required. This includes maternal and/or child conditions or personal preference. Whilst these circumstances should never be used as an opportunity to promote BMS, healthcare professionals (HCPs) need to have the knowledge of suitable alternatives and should always be guided by scientific and health motives when recommending a BMS. The Task Force ‘Milk Formula Industry Sponsorship’ from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), provides with this publication recommendations for EAACI interactions with the BMS manufacturers and how this will be supervised.