bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overflow queues and delays with random and platooned arrivals at signalized intersections
Authors: Akçelik Rahmi , Rouphail Nagui M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe traditional two‐term analytical model for predicting delays, queues and stops with random arrivals as found at isolated signalized intersections is extended to the case of platooned arrivals. The work was carried out in the context of modeling traffic performance at signalized paired intersections. A cycle‐by‐cycle macroscopic simulation model was used to calibrate the overflow terms of the performance formulae for a single stream of platooned arrivals at the downstream approach of a paired intersection system. The steady‐state form of the analytical model was used for calibration. The parameters derived for the steady‐state model are then used in the time‐dependent form of the model. Descriptions of the general analytical model, the cycle‐by‐cycle simulation model, its validation against several well‐known models are presented, and the new models derived from this study are described. Extension of the model to multistream, multiphase applications are discussed and areas of further study are identified.
Modeling probability distribution of delay at signalized intersections
Authors: Olszewski Piotr S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAccurate estimation of vehicle delay is difficult because of the randomness of traffic flow and large number of factors affecting intersection capacity. Existing delay models simplify the real traffic conditions and provide only approximate point estimates of average delay, whereas its variability should also be of interest. A stochastic model was used to study the changing probability distribution of delay. The model is based on sequential calculation of queue length probabilities with any type of arrival process. Delay probability distribution was investigated for different degrees of saturation, arrival types and control conditions. The variance of delay increases rapidly with degree of saturation and is inversely proportional to the approach capacity. Other parameters such as cycle time and saturation flow do not have a significant effect on delay distribution. Both the mean and variance of delay are sensitive to arrival process characteristics and increase with the variance of arrivals.
The potential for real‐time passenger information as part of an integrated bus‐control/information system
Authors: Nelson John D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the effect of linking innovative bus‐control systems with real‐time passenger information, with the overall aim of improving conditions for bus operation and passengers in central urban corridors.The first section presents a concise review of bus passenger information systems (particularly their application at bus stops). Then the concept of real‐time passenger information is explored. The case for and against real‐time information is argued and two British case‐studies follow. In the second section it is argued that the provision of real‐time information, as part of an integrated bus‐control/information system, offers new possibilities for meeting the identified needs of public transport users. Finally, in the third section, some comments are made on the evaluation of different combinations of bus‐control and passenger information tested using a simulation method and a series of subjective response surveys. General relationships governing the degree of bus‐control required and the extent of information needed are of special interest.
Use and perceptions of a real time passenger information system
Authors: Cassidy S. , White P. R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe use of high‐technology systems in the transport sector has increased steadily over recent years. This paper outlines the development of vehicle monitoring and control systems and their use in the public transport arena. The paper shows how one such system, that operated by Datatrak Ltd., has been adapted to provide a real time passenger information system for the RiverBus Partnership in London.The RiverBus service described in this article ceased operation in August 1993. The collapse of the RiverBus Partnership followed the financial difficulties surrounding Olympia and York, developers of Canary Wharf in London Docklands.
Passenger use and perception of the system is evaluated, based on surveys of RiverBus users. This provides an evaluation of the system, and highlights the importance of introducing such systems based on user information needs and as part of the total marketing package.
A fuzzy multicriteria model to evaluate the privatization of the public bus operations
Authors: Chang Yu‐Hern , Shyu Tsuen‐Ho 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA double model based on fuzzy synthetic decision and a fuzzy multicriteria decision is presented for this study. In a basic level decision, we use a fuzzy synthetic decision to reduce the sub‐criteria calculation work. In a higher level decision, the approximation reasoning allows the decision maker to make his best choice. These methods are more in accordance with the thinking processes of the human mind when complex issues are involved. Therefore, this paper will use a fuzzy linguistic approach, instead of the traditional approach to avoid the interference of the numerical estimates for weight and performance of alternatives. In the end, a heuristic algorithm for the evaluating process is developed and demonstrated in a case study.
Transport planning with multiple criteria: The analytic hierarchy process applications and progress review
Authors: Saaty Thomas L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFive examples of applications of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) are made to illustrate the different uses of this ratio scale multicriteria decision method in transportation. They include a commuter route selection hierarchy, a best mix of routes to Pittsburgh's new International Airport, a benefits/costs hierarchy to choose the best mode to cross a river, a planning hierarchy for a transport system and a simple dependence with feedback cycle to choose a car when criteria depend on the alternatives. For a better appreciation of the use and power of the method, the examples are followed by a resume of developments in research on the (AHP) in the last few years.
Transportation and regional agglomeration in Japan: Through a long‐term simulation model 1920–85
Authors: Daluwatte Sihil , Ando Asao 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe present article reviews the effects of wartime and post‐war policies on regional agglomeration of landuse and transportation activities in Japan. For this purpose the authors have formulated a long‐term model over the period 1920–85, and conducted its final test. After confirming the accuracy of the entire model, it is used to evaluate the wartime policies which caused excessive employment agglomeration in Tokyo, and post‐war policies concerning the high speed Shinkansen rail network. We conclude that the choices of alternative policies would have led to a more balanced regional structure than there is now, with less agglomeration in both Tokyo and the Kanto region.
Transportation planning and institutional rigidities in Surat, India
Authors: Shetty P. S. , Reddy T. S. , Suthar H. H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper while reviewing the prevalent traffic and transportation problems in a metropolitan city of India namely Surat, identifies certain institutional rigidities which mar prospects of planned improvements. The old city of Surat known as the Walled City is the center of chronic traffic congestion which is due to a variety of causes. Owing to the past neglect and the on‐going developments, the Walled City is beset with numerous traffic and transportation as well as other problems. Based on an indepth analyses of field data, a series of short and long term remedial measures were worked out to cope with the immediate and the future travel demands. Of the proposals made, the traffic management scheme is designed to optimize the use of available infrastructural facilities with a thrust towards bus transportation. However, the success of these measures depends on the relaxation of the outdated practices which could stifle the implementation of the suggested solutions.
A GIS‐Based traffic accident information system
Authors: Faghri Ardeshir , Raman Nanda 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the process of developing a GIS‐based traffic accident information system. A roadway network in Kent County, Delaware, was selected to demonstrate the graphic database. The development of the graphic and attribute databases on a workstation environment is described. Software was developed to graphically represent accident information pertaining to any point on the roadway network, and outputs for typical case scenarios are presented. The software also has the capability of displaying historical accident information pertaining to the site. This aspect would be helpful to the planner or designer in studying the impact of a particular roadway design with respect to safety. Some thoughts for future extensions of this study are also presented. Finally, it is concluded that a carefully designed GIS system can efficiently help transportation professionals with traffic safety studies and that its capabilities can be extended to include other areas such as pavement and inventory management, transit applications, and executive information systems.
Using GIS in Denmark for traffic planning and decision support
Authors: Nielsen Otto Anker 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper presents current efforts at the Technical University of Denmark for developing concepts for a Geographic Information System for the whole traffic planning process. Such a system (GIS‐T) will consist of five model for collection of data, determination of alternate solutions, estimation of future traffic flows, impact analyses and selection of a solution. Furthermore, the system will contain procedures for evaluation and quality control of data and results. Such an integrated GIS‐T system will not only ease the specific work, but also gather and strengthen the process of traffic planning.The paper deals mainly with conceptual problems. The theoretical discussions, however, are supplemented by practical examples of traffic models, models for impact analyses and models for data management and quality control, which were implemented in GIS and tested on several real size problems in Denmark. The final part of the paper outlines the promising perspective of future work with GIS‐T.
GIS and network models: Issues for three potential applications
Authors: Hans Zachary N. , Souleyrette Reginald R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGeographic Information Systems (GISs) are now being developed for urban transportation planning and modeling. Supporting other recent work, this paper demonstrates the combination of GIS and network‐based, urban transportation planning (UTP) modeling software to create powerful tools for the analysis of policies and plans. Following a literature review and informal survey identifying GIS and UTP modeling software in use at transportation agencies, three applications of GIS for network modeling and relevant issues are discussed: 1) developing or modifying UTP models, 2) incorporating network data into a GIS framework, and 3) creating and using a high‐speed interactive system suitable for providing near real‐time alternatives and policy analysis. Some specific suggestions are made related to the use of two software products, and extensions to other platforms are noted. Conclusions allude to the potential of such systems while realistically pointing to the present difficulties and magnitude of effort that will be required.
Link choice proportions from trip distribution and assignment models: An overview and comparison
Authors: Lam William H. K. , Huang H. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA number of estimation procedures have been suggested for the situation where a prior estimate of an origin‐destination matrix is to be updated on the basis of recently‐acquired traffic counts. These procedures assume that both the link flows and the proportionate usage of each link made by each origin‐destination flow (referred to collectively as the link choice proportions) are known. This paper examines the possibility and methods for estimating the link choice proportions. Three methods are presented: (1) using ad hoc iteration between trip distribution and traffic assignment; (2) combining trip distribution and assignment in one step; (3) solving a new optimization problem in which the path flows are directly considered as variables and its optimal solution is governed by a logit type formula. The algorithms, covergencies and computational efficiencies of these methods are investigated. Results of testing the three methods on example networks are discussed.
Evaluating goals and impacts of two metro alternatives by the AHP
Authors: Mouette Dominique , Fernandes Jurandir F. R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe transport planning and its decision making involve a large number of goals and more than one alternative to be evaluated. This analysis comprises technical and financial features up to social and environmental impacts. We show how the AHP is a useful tool in this procedure, and evaluate several objectives and impacts of the implantation of the third metro line in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, where there were two alternative outlines and one of them to be selected.
Delivery of urban transport in sub‐saharan africa case study of accra, ghana
Authors: Quaye Kwei , Badoe Daniel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the urban transport system in a typical Sub‐Saharan city — Accra, Ghana. A description of its demand and supply characteristics is carried out. Deficiencies in the operation of the system are discussed and suggestions of possible actions that should be taken towards the development of coherent urban transport policies are given. The focus of these suggestions is the establishment of a transportation data collection agency to collect and collate relevant data on the transportation system. This is fundamental to any analysis that is to be done. The need to tackle urban transport problems in a more scientific way and for producing trained local transportation professionals is also emphasized.
Physical characteristics of paratransit in developing countries of Asia
Authors: Shimazaki T. , Rahman M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractParatransit modes play a significant role in the urban transport sectors of developing countries since in many cities more than half of the total public transport demand are carried by them. Rapid increase in urban population, per capita income, along with inadequate existing transport infrastructures have stimulated their usage as cheap and convenient public transport modes. This paper examines their present role and physical characteristics in a comparative form to provide a basic data for discussion of urban transport issues in developing cities.
Characteristics of truck traffic in Singapore
Authors: Fwa T. F. , Ang B. W. , Goh T. N. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a project conducted to study the characteristics of truck traffic in Singapore. Detailed traffic surveys recording counts of vehicles by axle‐configuration were performed at 219 sites over a period of nearly two years. The surveys covered 5 different road classes, namely expressways, arterials, collectors, industrial roads and local roads. It was found that the time distribution of truck travel were not the same among the five road classes. The peaking characteristics of truck traffic were less pronounced compared to passenger car traffic. The peak hour truck volume varied from 67.0% to 9.7% of the daily truck traffic as compared to 13.8% for passenger car traffic. The lane distribution pattern of truck traffic was studied in detail by road class, and was found to be a function of total directional traffic volume, total directional truck volume and the number of traffic lanes. Composition analysis was also carried out to study the lane use characteristics of single‐ and multiple‐unit trucks.
Street network theory of organization in nature
Authors: Bejan Adrian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper outlines a completely deterministic (“constructal”) theory of why quasi‐similar street patterns exist, how they form, and how they grow in time. The function of the street network is to connect a finite area to a single destination point. The new idea is that the network of streets evolves in time, by starting with the optimization of the shape of the smallest area element that is serviced by the network. Next, the optimized area elements are assembled into a larger area element which is again optimized for shape. This sequence of optimization & organization is repeated in finite‐size steps, toward larger quasi‐similar assemblies. The optimization consists of minimizing the travel time between each point of a finite area and a common point of destination. The network is constructed (optimized, organized) in time. Every single geometric feature of the network is the result of pure, deterministic theory: the shape of each area element, the shape of each new (larger) assembly, the optimal number of parts in each assembly, the relative orientation of successive streets, and the optimal width of each street.
Energy use in personal rapid transit building and running personal rapid transit in Sweden
Authors: Gustavsson Eva , Kåaberger Tomas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTravel by a Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) system may be much more energy efficient than travel by conventional road transport. The difference could be so large that the energy invested in the PRT infrastructure may be equivalent to the fuel that is saved by previous car and bus riders in less than five years.We analyzed the propulsion energy requirements of a PRT system and made a first‐order calculation of the energy cost of the infrastructure and maintenance. Operation of the PRT requires only half the energy required by buses and a quarter of the energy used by passenger cars per passenger kilometer. The energy used to build the PRT infrastructure in a city may be recovered in five years if 10% of the car drivers switch to the PRT.
Optimization of tunnel tolls in land use and transport planning
Authors: Lam William H. K. , Poon Antonio C. K. , Ye R. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe task of transport planning is to determine cost‐effective methods of providing and improving mobility, which can include minimizing traffic congestion. A cost‐effective solution to transport problems should consist of a land use pattern, a transport system an a set of road pricing policies that together bring demand and supply into balance in an efficient and equitable way. The conventional approach aimed to produce comprehensive, long‐term plans for land use and transport in considerable detail, but tended to ignore the role of road pricing policy, thus ending up with solutions that might not be efficient or economical. This feature of sub‐optimal road pricing policy is accentuated by the overall growth in car use, which has generated problems with the efficient use of road space. This paper presents a computer analysis system (or model) which will enable the analysis of coordinated tunnel toll pricing policies by optimising an “objective function” while satisfying the associated and other constraints. The possibility of integrating the optimal road pricing policies in the land use and transport planning are discussed. A case study based on Hong Kong data demonstrates the efficiency of optimizing tolls on two of the three harbour crossing tunnels in Hong Kong.
Estimating intersection O‐D matrices from observed time‐series of traffic counts: The zellner estimator
Authors: Hamed Mohammad M. , Nihan Nancy L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe problem of estimating intersection O‐D matrices from input and output time‐series of traffic counts is considered in this paper. Because of possible existence of significant correlation between the error terms across structural equations forming the O‐D matrices, the seemingly unrelated estimator (Zellner estimator) was suggested. Estimation results showed evidence of strong correlation between error terms across‐equations. Generally, the Zellner estimator produced more efficient estimates than did the ordinary least‐squares estimator. Furthermore, the Zellner estimator satisfied all constraints and reproduced turning movements comparable to the actual ones.
Models for optimizing transportation networks and modal split in China
Authors: Huang Hai‐Jun , Gu Chang‐Yao 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper summarizes the research in a project entitled “The Models for Optimizing Transportation Network and Modal Split in China”. The research background, procedure, various mathematical models used in traffic demands forecasting, modal split and network design are presented with the key results. The systematic optimization approach adopted in this paper for integrated planning of transport network and the rational modal split formulation is firstly proposed in China. Finally, further discussion on the difficulties of using transport modeling techniques in Chinese conditions is given.
Special provisions for left turns at signalized intersections to increase capacity and safety
Authors: Shin Bu‐Yong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHeavy left‐turns at intersections are not only difficult to accommodate but also often cause traffic accidents. Such problem can be reduced by adopting an exclusive left‐turn signal phase, but in this case the cycle length needs to be extended and the overall intersection capacity reduced. This problem is particularly important in such countries as Korea where unprotected left turns are rarely used.Innovative intersection designs and operational methods for avoiding these problems are presented and their effects of increasing capacity and reducing vehicle delay are analyzed. They rule out the requirement for exclusive left‐turn phase while accommodating a large volume of left‐turns quite safely.
A stated preference examination of time of travel choice for a recreational trip: An addendum
Authors: Hunt J. D. , Patterson D. M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA paper was published in the immediately previous issue of this journal describing a stated preference experiment examining how people are influenced in the selection of a departure time for a hypothetical trip to see a movie. The title was ‘A stated preference examination of time of travel choice for a recreational trip’, Volume 30(3):17–44. Numbers were used to indicate references in the text of the paper and in Table 1 accompanying the text, but these numbers were omitted from the list of references at the end of the paper ‐ making it very difficult to identify specific citations. The list of references from the paper is reprinted below with the reference numbers included. This provides a listing that can be used in conjunction with the text of the paper and Table 1 as published to identify specific citations as intended.
Implementing the improbable urban road pricing scheme
Authors: Langmyhr Tore , Sager Tore 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRoad pricing is a policy measure recommended by transport planners and economists, but considered infeasible by many due to political and public resistance. The Trondheim experience demonstrates how a crude road pricing scheme can be implemented in a moderately congested city while paying heed to democratic decision‐making. Fair and democratic procedure requires that the planning include a responsive citizen participation process, that the political parties feed all the viewpoints of the main interest groups into the City Council decision‐making, and that the public debate be open and admit all groups mass media coverage. Lessons from the Trondheim toll ring case are offered concerning (1) interests and coalition building, (2) pro and con arguments, (3) the viability of democratic procedure, (4) frequent forms of manipulation, and (5) main issues of design and revenue spending.