bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between night or weekend admission and hospitalization‐relevant patient outcomes
Authors: Khanna Raman , Wachsberg Kelley , Marouni Amir , Feinglass Joseph , Williams Mark V. , Wayne Diane B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntroduction:Nights and weekends represent a potentially high‐risk time for hospitalized patients. Data regarding night or weekend admission and its impact on outcomes is limited. We studied the association between night or weekend admission and outcomes.Methods:We reviewed 857 admissions to the general medicine services from the emergency department (ED) at our tertiary care hospital for demographic information, time and day of admission, and hospitalization‐relevant outcomes (length of stay [LOS], hospital charges, intensive care unit [ICU] transfer during hospitalization, repeat ED visit within 30 days, readmission within 30 days, and poor outcome [ICU transfer, cardiac arrest, or death] within the first 24 hours of admission). Outcomes were compared between groups using univariate and multivariate modeling.Results:Complete data for analysis were available for 824 patients. A total of 58% of patients were admitted at night and 22% were admitted during the weekend. Patients admitted at night as compared to those admitted during the day had similar a LOS (4.1 vs. 4.3, P = 0.38), hospital charges (25,200 vs. 27,500, P = 0.17), ICU transfer during hospitalization (3% vs. 6%, P = 0.06), 30 day repeat ED visit (22% vs. 20%, P = 0.42), 30 day readmission (20% vs. 17%, P = 0.23), and poor outcomes within 24 hours of admission (1% vs. 2%, P = 0.15). Patients admitted during the weekend as compared to those admitted during the week had lower hospital charges and lower likelihood of an ICU transfer but were otherwise similar.Conclusion:Night or weekend admission was not associated with worse hospitalization‐relevant outcomes at our tertiary care hospital. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Evaluation of a hospital‐based tobacco treatment service: Outcomes and lessons learned
Authors: Faseru Babalola , Turner Margaret , Casey Genevieve , Ruder Christopher , Befort Christie A. , Ellerbeck Edward F. , Richter Kimber P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The efficacy of smoking cessation interventions for hospital patients has been well described, but we know little regarding implementation and outcomes of real‐world programs.OBJECTIVE:To describe the services provided and outcomes of an academic medical center‐based tobacco treatment service (UKanQuit) located in the Midwestern United States.METHOD:This is a descriptive observational study. Both quantitative and qualitative data of all patients treated by UKanQuit over a 1‐year period were analyzed.RESULTS:Among 513 patients served, average interest in quitting was 7.9, standard deviation (SD) 2.9 on a scale of 0 to 10. More than 1 in 4 had been given an in‐hospital medication to ameliorate withdrawal prior to seeing a counselor. Counselors recommended medication changes for 1 in 3 patients, helped 73% set a goal for quitting or reducing tobacco use, and fax referred 56% to quitlines. Six‐month follow‐up (response rate, 46%) found a 7‐day abstinence rate of 32% among respondents for an intent‐to‐treat abstinence rate of 15%. Post‐discharge, 74% made at least one serious quit attempt, 34% had used a quit smoking medication, but only 5% of those referred to the quitline reported using it.CONCLUSIONS:In a hospital setting, interest in quitting is high among smokers who requested to see a tobacco counselor but administration of inpatient medications remains low. Many smokers are making unassisted quit attempts post‐discharge because utilization of cessation medications and quitline counseling were low. Fax‐referral to quitline may not, on its own, fulfill guideline recommendations for post‐discharge follow‐up. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Genetic evidence for the presence of two distinct hantaviruses associated with Apodemus mice in Croatia and analysis of local strains
Authors: Plyusnina Angelina , Krajinović Lidija Cvetko , Margaletić Josip , Niemimaa Jukka , Nemirov Kirill , Lundkvist Åke , Markotić Alemka , Miletić‐Medved Marica , Avšič‐Županc Tatjana , Henttonen Heikki , Plyusnin Alexander 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn Europe, Dobrava‐Belgrade (DOBV), Saaremaa (SAAV), and Puumala (PUUV) viruses are known to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). All three hantaviruses are now found in Croatia. Lung tissue samples of 315 Apodemus mice trapped in 2003–2004 were screened for the presence of hantaviral N‐Ag and 20 mice (6.3%) were found either strongly positive or weak/suspected‐positive. Partial sequences of hantavirus M and S segments were recovered by RT‐PCR from six mice and subjected to (phylo)genetic analysis that revealed the presence of four novel strains of DOBV and one of SAAV. Curiously, one of the newly described DOBV strains was found in Apodemus agrarius mouse, that is, not in the traditional host, A. flavicollis mice, suggesting a spillover event. S segment sequences recovered previously from HFRS cases [Markotić et al., 2002] were confirmed as DOBV sequences; one of which appeared particularly close to the prototype Slovenian DOBV isolate. Taken together with earlier data on PUUV in Croatia, these results show a co‐circulation of three European hantavirus pathogens in this country. So far, not a single SAAV sequence has been recovered from HFRS patients either in Croatia or neighboring Slovenia and Hungary nor in Slovakia suggesting a somewhat lower fequency of acute SAAV infection in humans in this part of Europe than for example in the Baltics. J. Med. Virol. 83:108–114, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential gene expression of soluble CD8+ T‐cell mediated suppression of HIV replication in three older children
Authors: Katz Ben Z. , Salimi Babak , Gadd Samantha L. , Huang Chiang‐Ching , Kabat William J. , Kersey Donna , McCabe Chris , Heald‐Sargent Taylor , Katz Elyssa D. , Yogev Ram 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSuppression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication by CD8+ T‐cells (CD8 suppression) contributes to survival in adults and children <1 year. Soluble CD8 suppression can also be seen in some older children with AIDS. The factor responsible, CD8‐derived antiviral factor (CAF), acts at the level of HIV RNA transcription. Differential gene expression techniques have been used to define the gene(s) mediating this phenomenon in adults. Recently, CAF has been linked to exosomes secreted by CD8+ T‐cells. To compare the gene expression profiles from pediatric patients with each other, with those reported in 2 previous studies in adults and in those reportedly related to exosomes, we used differential gene expression to study three older children with HIV infection, one who did demonstrate soluble CD‐8 suppression and two who did not. Eighteen differentially expressed genes were also seen in one adult study (P = 0.002, χ2 test), and 38 such genes (P < 0.0001, χ2 test) in a second adult study. In addition, two exosome components and some RNA's related to exosomal proteins were also differentially expressed. In children with HIV infection, we found significant differentially expressed genes that correlated to those previously reported in two studies in adults. Our data also lends some support to the recent identification of CAF with exosomes secreted by CD8+ T‐cells. J. Med. Virol. 83:24–32, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Duration of viral shedding in patients admitted to hospital with pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection
Authors: Na Shin , Chong Yong Pil , Kim Mi‐Na , Kim Won Young , Kim Won , Hong Sang‐Bum , Lim Chae‐Man , Koh Younsuck , Kwon Ji‐Won , Hong Soo‐Jong , Lee Sang‐Oh , Choi Sang‐Ho , Kim Yang Soo , Woo Jun Hee , Kim Sung‐Han 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLittle is known about the kinetics of viral shedding of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus. Influenza RNA, as a surrogate for viral clearance, was therefore measured on days 1, 5, 7, and 10 or more in patients admitted to hospital with pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection. A total of 72 patients who were admitted to hospital with confirmed pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 at a tertiary care hospital, Seoul, South Korea, between 1 September and 11 November 2009 were evaluated. The median duration of viral shedding, as assessed by RT‐PCR, was 9 days, as determined by the Kaplan–Meier method. Patients who were positive by RT‐PCR at their last assay, but who were discharged before the next RT‐PCR test due to symptom improvement, were censored from the analysis. If such patients were included, with the assumption that they had negative viral status at discharge, the median duration of viral shedding was 5 days (interquartile range, 2–8 days). These calculations thus suggest that the true median duration of viral shedding is between 5 and 9 days. Univariate analysis showed that delayed administration of antiviral therapy and comorbidity were associated with slower viral clearance. Multivariate analysis showed that oseltamivir started after the first day of symptoms (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–5.7) was associated independently with slower viral clearance. These findings indicate that, in about 50% of patients admitted to hospital with pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009, virus can be positive as tested by RT‐PCR on the eighth day after developing symptoms of influenza. The present findings also indicate that starting antiviral therapy within 24 hr of the onset of symptoms is associated with more rapid viral clearance. J. Med. Virol. 83:5–9, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Co‐circulation of genetically distinct human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus strains in young children with respiratory tract infections in Italy
Authors: Zappa Alessandra , Canuti Marta , Frati Elena , Pariani Elena , Perin Silvana , Ruzza Maria Lorena , Farina Claudio , Podestà Alberto , Zanetti Alessandro , Amendola Antonella , Tanzi Elisabetta 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe discovery of human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) and human Bocavirus (hBoV) identified the etiological causes of several cases of acute respiratory tract infections in children. This report describes the molecular epidemiology of hMPV and hBoV infections observed following viral surveillance of children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in Milan, Italy. Pharyngeal swabs were collected from 240 children ≤3 years of age (130 males, 110 females; median age, 5.0 months; IQR, 2.0–12.5 months) and tested for respiratory viruses, including hMPV and hBoV, by molecular methods. hMPV‐RNA and hBoV‐DNA positive samples were characterized molecularly and a phylogenetical analysis was performed. PCR analysis identified 131/240 (54.6%) samples positive for at least one virus. The frequency of hMPV and hBoV infections was similar (8.3% and 12.1%, respectively). Both infections were associated with lower respiratory tract infections: hMPV was present as a single infectious agent in 7.2% of children with bronchiolitis, hBoV was associated with 18.5% of pediatric pneumonias and identified frequently as a single etiological agent. Genetically distinct hMPV and hBoV strains were identified in children examined with respiratory tract infections. Phylogenetic analysis showed an increased prevalence of hMPV genotype A (A2b sublineage) compared to genotype B (80% vs. 20%, respectively) and of the hBoV genotype St2 compared to genotype St1 (71.4% vs. 28.6%, respectively). Interestingly, a shift in hMPV infections resulting from A2 strains has been observed in recent years. In addition, the occurrence of recombination events between two hBoV strains with a breakpoint located in the VP1/VP2 region was identified. J. Med. Virol. 83:156–164, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of an immunogenic complex containing WHV viral particles and non‐neutralizing anti‐HBs antibodies on the outcome of WHV infection in woodchucks
Authors: D'Ugo Emilio , Canitano Andrea , Catone Stefania , Giuseppetti Roberto , Kondili Loreta A. , Argentini Claudio , Rapicetta Maria 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Eastern woodchuck (Marmota monax) is a useful experimental model for evaluating antiviral therapy against chronic HBV infection. In the present study, an immunogenic complex (IGC) composed of immune sera containing PreS/S heterologous antibodies (anti‐HBs) and serum‐derived WHV particles containing 107 WHV–DNA copies/50 µl was developed. The IGC was administered to WHV‐negative woodchucks and natural chronic WHV carriers, with the final aim of evaluating the outcome of WHV infection in both groups. A control group of three animals, infected experimentally with viral particles only, was also evaluated. Following IGC administration, two WHV‐negative woodchucks exhibited persistent infection, with WHV–DNA levels 3–6 logs lower than the WHV–DNA levels of the controls that developed persistent infection. WHeAg seroconversion to anti‐WHe was observed in these two woodchucks and in two control woodchucks which developed self‐limited infection. In two of the four chronic carriers, the WHV–DNA level decreased significantly (by 4–6 logs) following IGC administration, with no rebound in viral load during follow‐up. WHeAg seroconversion to anti‐WHe was observed also in these animals. Analyses of the sequences derived from envelope proteins confirmed that IGC did not induce the emergence of resistant viral variants. The results of this study indicate that the IGC could be useful for breaking the tolerance in hepadnaviral infection and for boosting the host's innate and adoptive immune response. J. Med. Virol. 83:178–186, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
European collaborative evaluation of the enzygnost HBsAg 6.0 assay: Performance on hepatitis B virus surface antigen variants
Authors: Avellón Ana , Echevarría José M. , Weber Bernard , Weik Michael , Schobel Uwe , Willems Wulf R. , Gerlich Wolfram H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAmino acid changes within the major antigenic determinant of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) may modify eventually the antigenic properties of the protein and may have impact on the sensitivity of diagnostic assays. Modifications in the design of an assay can, however, improve significantly its ability to detect HBV mutants. One hundred forty‐seven clinical samples containing HBsAg variants, and 54 supernatants of cells expressing recombinant HBsAg mutants were tested by two generations of a commercial HBsAg test (Enzygnost® HBsAg 5.0 and 6.0, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products, Marburg, Germany), and the results were compared. A significant improvement was demonstrated for the second test by comparing the mean and individual sample/cut‐off values, as well as by the detection of several samples displaying amino acid changes in residues 120 and 145 of the HBsAg which were recorded as negative by the former test. The results showed that modifications in design of the assay improved considerably the ability of the test to detect HBsAg mutants, and that difficulties in detecting such HBV variants should not be expected with the routine use of the test in diagnostic laboratories and in blood transfusion centers. J. Med. Virol. 83:95–100, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequency, clinical characteristics, and genotype distribution of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Greece (2007–2008)
Authors: Koukou Dimitra , Grivea Ioanna , Roma Eleftheria , Tsioni Heleni , Trimis Georgios , Galanakis Emmanuel , Farmaki Evagelia , Iosifidis Elias , Michos Athanassios , Siamopoulou‐Mavridou Antigoni , Kalmanti Maria , Papadopoulou Heleni , Roilides Emmanuel , Theodoridou Maria , Syrogiannopoulos George A. , Syriopoulou Vassiliki 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis among young children worldwide. A prospective multi‐center study was conducted (2007–2008) in five Pediatric Hospitals to determine the prevalence, the clinical characteristics, and genotype distribution of rotavirus infection in Greece. Faecal samples were examined for the presence of group A rotavirus antigen by immunochromatography. Rotavirus strains were subjected to G and P genotyping by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. A total of 393 children (216 boys) of median age 23 months, participated in the study. Rotavirus was the cause of acute gastroenteritis in 166 children, 42.3% (CI 95%, 37.4–47.1%) of non‐hospitalized and 47.8% (CI 95%, 41.7–53.9%) of hospitalized patients. Rotavirus gastroenteritis occurred between December and April in 78.6% of the cases. Most children with RVG (77.8%) were between 3 months and 3 years old. The mean value of Clark severity score was 12.9 ± 5.1 for RVG and 10.5 ± 4.9 for non‐RVG (P < 0.01). Genotypes were determined in 117 strains and their distribution was as following: G1P[8], 49%; G2P[4], 31%; G4P[8], 10%; G9P[8], 9%; and G8P[14], 1%. In conclusion, rotavirus is a frequent cause of acute gastroenteritis in Greece. The genotypes circulating are similar with those of other European countries. J. Med. Virol. 83:165–169, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and correlates of GB virus C infection in HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected pregnant women in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Bhanich Supapol Wendy , Remis Robert S. , Raboud Janet , Millson Margaret , Tappero Jordan , Kaul Rupert , Kulkarni Prasad , McConnell Michelle S. , Philip A. Mock , McNicholl Janet M. , Roongpisuthipong Anuvat , Chotpitayasunondh Tawee , Shaffer Nathan , Butera Salvatore 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGB virus C (GBV‐C) is an apathogenic virus that has been shown to inhibit HIV replication. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of GBV‐C infection and clearance in three cohorts of pregnant women in Thailand. The study population consisted of 1,719 (1,387 HIV‐infected and 332 HIV‐uninfected) women from three Bangkok perinatal HIV transmission studies. Stored blood was tested for GBV‐C RNA, GBV‐C antibody, and if RNA‐positive, genotype. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of GBV‐C infection (defined as presence of GBV‐C RNA and/or antibody) and viral clearance (defined as presence of GBV‐C antibody in the absence of RNA) among women with GBV‐C infection were examined using multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of GBV‐C infection was 33% among HIV‐infected women and 15% among HIV‐uninfected women. GBV‐C infection was independently associated (AOR, 95% CI) with an increasing number of lifetime sexual partners (referent—1 partner, 2 partners [1.60, 1.22–2.08], 3–10 partners [1.92, 1.39–2.67], >10 partners [2.19, 1.33–3.62]); injection drug use (5.50, 2.12–14.2); and HIV infection (3.79, 2.58–5.59). Clearance of GBV‐C RNA among women with evidence of GBV‐C infection was independently associated with increasing age in years (referent <20, 20–29 [2.01, 1.06–3.79] and ≥30 [3.18, 1.53–6.60]), more than 10 lifetime sexual partners (3.05, 1.38–6.75), and HIV infection (0.29, 0.14–0.59). This study found that GBV‐C infection is a common infection among Thai women and is associated with HIV infection and both sexual and parenteral risk behaviors. J. Med. Virol. 83:33–44, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum HBsAg levels during peginterferon α‐2a treatment with or without thymosin α‐1 in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Song Eun Young , Shin Yunsu , Roh Eun Youn , Sue Shin , Park Myoung Hee , Kim Bo Hyun , Kim Won , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Lee Youn‐Jae , Park Sung Jae , Jung Eun Uk , Lee Jeong‐Hoon , Myung Sun Jung , Kim Yoon‐Jun , Lee Hyo‐Suk 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe importance of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level as a surrogate marker for viral load and a predictor of treatment response remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum HBsAg correlates with serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA during peginterferon (PEG‐IFN) α‐2a treatment (with or without thymosin α‐1) in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients and whether it can predict treatment response. Sera from 37 HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients receiving 48‐weeks PEG‐IFN α‐2a with (n = 20) or without (n = 17) an initial 12‐weeks thymosin α‐1 were obtained at baseline and at weeks 12, 24, 36, 48 (end of treatment), 56, 72, 84, and 96 (end of follow‐up). Taqman HBV DNA tests (Roche) and Architect HBsAg QT (Abbott) were performed. There was a moderate correlation between the HBsAg and HBV DNA levels (r = 0.452, P < 0.001). Median HBsAg levels at baseline and at week 96 were 6,218 IU/ml and 4,038 IU/ml, respectively. The mean HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were 7.48 log10 IU/ml and 173 IU/L at baseline and 5.37 log10 IU/ml and 102 IU/L at week 96, respectively. A decrease to <60% of baseline levels of HBsAg at week 12 was identified as an independent predictive factor for HBeAg seroconversion (OR = 45.7, P < 0.05) at week 96. Serum HBsAg levels may be helpful for predicting the response to PEG‐IFN therapy in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients. J. Med. Virol. 83:88–94, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Higher bioavailability of isoflavones after a single ingestion of aglycone‐rich fermented soybeans compared with glucoside‐rich non‐fermented soybeans in Japanese postmenopausal women
Authors: Okabe Yuki , Shimazu Tsukasa , Tanimoto Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: There have been conflicting study results concerning how the food matrix affects the bioavailability of isoflavone aglycone and glucoside. In this study the bioavailability of isoflavones after a single ingestion of aglycone‐rich fermented soybeans (Fsoy) and glucoside‐rich non‐fermented soybeans (Soy) was compared. Eleven healthy postmenopausal Japanese women were recruited for a randomised, double‐blind, crossover trial and consumed Fsoy or Soy powder dissolved in hot water. Blood samples were collected 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h and urine samples from 0 to 48 h after ingestion of the powders. The Fsoy and Soy powders ingested had the same total isoflavone content (95 µmol), but the former was rich in aglycone (90.6 µmol) while the latter was rich in glucoside (81.9 µmol).RESULTS: Serum concentrations of total isoflavones after 1–4 h were significantly higher in the Fsoy group than in the Soy group. The Fsoy group showed significantly higher maximum concentration (Cmax: 2.79 ± 0.13 vs 1.74 ± 0.13 µmol L−1) and area under the curve (AUC0–24 h: 23.78 ± 2.41 vs 19.95 ± 2.03 µmol day L−1) and lower maximum concentration time (Tmax: 1.00 ± 0.00 vs 5.00 ± 0.67 h) compared with the Soy group. The cumulative urinary excretion of total isoflavones after 2 h was significantly higher in the Fsoy group than in the Soy group. Individual isoflavones (daidzein, genistein and glycitein) showed similar trends to total isoflavones. Equol (a metabolite from daidzein) did not differ between the two groups.CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that the isoflavones of aglycone‐rich Fsoy were absorbed faster and in greater amounts than those of glucoside‐rich Soy in postmenopausal Japanese women. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry