bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of bacterial cytoskeletal elements
Authors: Graumann Peter L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBacterial cytoskeletal elements are involved in an astonishing spectrum of cellular functions, from cell shape determination to cell division, plasmid segregation, the positioning of membrane‐associated proteins and membrane structures, and other aspects of bacterial physiology. Interestingly, these functions are not necessarily conserved, neither between different bacterial species nor between bacteria and eukaryotic cells. The flexibility of cytoskeletal elements in performing different tasks is amazing and emphasises their very early development during evolution. This review focuses on the dynamics of cytoskeletal elements from bacteria. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and cell cycle‐dependent localization of nine novel, genuine centrosomal components in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Schulz Irene , Erle Alexander , Gräf Ralph , Krüger Anne , Lohmeier Heiner , Putzler Sascha , Samereier Matthias , Weidenthaler Sebastian 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe centrosome is the main microtubule‐organizing center and constitutes the largest protein complex in a eukaryotic cell. The Dictyostelium centrosome is an established model for acentriolar centrosomes and it consists of a layered core structure surrounded by a so‐called corona, which harbors microtubule nucleation complexes. We have identified 34 new centrosomal candidate proteins through mass spectrometrical analysis of the proteome of isolated Dictyostelium centrosomes. Here we present a characterization of 12 centrosomal candidate proteins all featuring coiled coil regions and low expression levels, which are the most common attributes of centrosomal proteins. We used GFP fusion proteins to localize the candidate proteins in whole cells and on microtubule‐free, isolated centrosomes. Thus we were able to identify nine new genuine centrosomal proteins including a putative orthologue of Cep192, an interaction partner of polo‐like kinase 4 in human centriole biogenesis. In this respect, centrosomal localization of the only polo‐like kinase in Dictyostelium, Plk, is also shown in this work. Using confocal deconvolution microscopy, four components, CP39, CP55, CP75, and CP91 could be clearly assigned to the so far almost uncharacterized centrosomal core structure, while CP148 and Cep192 localized to a zone between that of corona marker and core proteins. Finally, CP103 and CP248 were constituents of the corona. In contrast, NE81 was localized at the nuclear envelope and three others, an orthologue of the spindle checkpoint component Mad1, the novel Cenp68, and the centrosomal CP248 were observed at the centromeres, which are clustered and linked to the centrosome throughout the entire cell cycle. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 66: 915–928, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Truncation and Optimisation of Peptide Inhibitors of Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 2‐Cyclin A Through Structure‐Guided Design
Authors: Kontopidis George , Andrews Martin J. , McInnes Campbell , Plater Andy , Innes Lorraine , Renachowski Scott , Cowan Angela , Fischer Peter M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPeptides that inhibit cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 by blocking the macromolecular substrate recruitment site of cyclin A were simplified, for example, by replacement of dipeptide units with β‐amino acids. The smallest inhibitor retaining activity was a tripeptide, whose binding mode was confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. This result suggests that nonpeptidic cyclin groove inhibitors may be feasible therapeutic agents.magnified imageThe cyclin‐dependent kinase 2–cyclin A complex is an important regulator of the DNA‐synthesis phase of the mammalian cell cycle, which is frequently deregulated in cancer. Rather than blocking the ATP‐binding site of the apparently redundant kinase subunit, targeting the binding site for macromolecular substrates and regulatory proteins of cyclin A represents a promising strategy to enforce tumour‐selective apoptosis. The cyclin‐binding groove can be blocked with comparatively small synthetic peptides, which indirectly leads to inhibition of kinase function, but these peptides are metabolically labile and membrane impermeable. As part of our ongoing effort to develop more druglike peptidomimetics derived from cyclin‐groove‐binding peptides, we report the results of our studies aimed at a detailed understanding of the structural determinants required for effective binding. Using a combination of peptide synthesis, biochemical assays and X‐ray crystallography, we show that it is possible to simplify peptide structures through the replacement of dipeptide units in which one of the residues is not directly involved in binding, through the introduction of β‐amino acid residues that retain only the dipeptide residue side chain that is important for binding. This approach also allowed us to probe spatial constraints in general, as well as the importance of peptide backbone hydrogen‐bonding functions. Our identification of potent β‐homoleucine‐containing tetrapeptide inhibitors, as well as the finding that an optimised N‐terminally acetylated tripeptide retains some cyclin A‐binding affinity, suggest that the pharmacological targeting of the cyclin A binding groove may be feasible.
Intraepithelial T cells and tumor proliferation
Authors: Adams Sarah F. , Levine Douglas A. , Cadungog Mark G. , Hammond Rachel , Facciabene Andrea , Olvera Narciso , Rubin Stephen C. , Boyd Jeff , Gimotty Phyllis A. , Coukos George 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The aim of the study was to determine whether tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and/or tumor mitotic activity could identify subgroups of patients with advanced serous epithelial ovarian cancer who would maximally benefit from aggressive surgical cytoreduction.METHODS:Snap‐frozen specimens from 134 consecutive patients with stage III or IV serous or poorly differentiated ovarian adenocarcinoma undergoing primary debulking surgery from a single US institution were characterized based on CD3+, CD8+, FoxP3+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, and Ki67 expression. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were estimated and compared using a log‐rank statistic. A multivariate Cox model was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios. Interactions were modeled using recursive partitioning based on maximal prognostic differentiation.RESULTS:Brisk intraepithelial CD8+ cells (P = .035) and low Ki67 expression (P = .042) portended prolonged survival. The T‐cell infiltration was more likely to occur in tumors with high proliferation index. Patients whose tumors exhibited low Ki67 expression and high intraepithelial CD8+ frequency had a 5‐year survival rate of 73.3%. Patients with aggressive tumor behavior, that is, whose tumors exhibited low frequency of intraepithelial CD8+ T cells or high Ki67 expression were more likely to draw benefit from aggressive surgical cytoreduction. Survival was similar for patients with brisk CD8+ T cells who had optimal or suboptimal debulking. Likewise, survival was similar for patients with low Ki67 expression who had optimal or suboptimal debulking.CONCLUSIONS:For the first time, these novel interactions of T cells, tumor proliferation index, and surgical treatment reveal that biological prognosticators may be useful for surgical decision making in ovarian cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
So‐called “malignant blue nevus”
Authors: Martin Richard C. W. , Murali Rajmohan , Scolyer Richard A. , Fitzgerald Patrick , Colman Marjorie H. , Thompson John F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Melanomas that arise in association with or that resemble blue nevi are extremely rare and have been termed “malignant blue nevi.” The authors report on a single‐institutional clinicopathologic study of “blue nevus‐like melanomas” (BNLMs).METHODS:Twenty‐six patients were identified with a “malignant blue nevus” over 29 years at the Sydney Melanoma Unit. Twenty‐three patients were included in the current study after pathologic review. Clinical outcomes of those patients were compared with the outcomes in a matched control group of patients with melanoma (matched for age, sex, Breslow thickness, Clark level, ulceration, and anatomic site).RESULTS:The median patient age was 44 years, and men comprised 65% of the patients. The tumors were distributed evenly among skin sites, and their median Breslow thickness was 5.5 mm. After a median follow‐up of 36.5 months, there was no difference in survival (P = .702) between patients with BNLM and patients in the control group.CONCLUSIONS:BNLMs tended to present at a more advanced stage, with thicker primary tumors, but had a metastatic pattern comparable to and was not more aggressive in behavior than other types of melanoma. The authors concluded that BNLMs should be treated in the same way as any other melanoma variants based on clinical staging and pathologic prognostic indices. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Treatment and survival outcomes in young men diagnosed with prostate cancer
Authors: Lin Daniel W. , Porter Michael , Montgomery Bruce 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Outcomes of treatment for young men compared with older men with prostate cancer are poorly defined outside of limited institutional series. In this study, the authors examined the association between age at diagnosis and grade, stage, treatment, and survival outcomes in men who were diagnosed during the era of prostate‐specific antigen testing.METHODS:The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1988 and 2003. Men ages 35 years to 74 years were stratified by age at diagnosis to examine differences in tumor characteristics, treatment, and survival within each age group.RESULTS:In total, 318,774 men ages 35 years to 74 years were identified who had been diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the prostate between 1988 and 2003. The proportion of men aged ≤55 years at diagnosis increased over the study period from 2.3% between the years 1988 and 1991 to 9% between the years 2000 and 2003, and the median age at diagnosis decreased from 72 years in 1988 to 68 years in 2003. Younger men were diagnosed less frequently with organ‐confined tumors (P < .001) but were less likely to be diagnosed with high‐grade cancer (P < .001). Older men were more likely to receive no local therapy or external beam radiation than young men (P < .001 for trend). Among men who had tumors with a Gleason score between 5 and 7, overall survival was worse with advancing age. However, among all age groups with high grade and stage, the youngest men (ages 35‐44 years) were at the highest risk of all‐cause and cancer‐specific death.CONCLUSIONS:Age at diagnosis among men with prostate cancer continued to decline. Younger men were more likely to undergo prostatectomy, have lower grade cancer, and, as a group, to have better overall and equivalent cancer‐specific survival at 10 years compared with older men. Among men with high grade and locally advanced prostate cancer, the youngest men had a particularly poor prognosis compared with older men. Cancer 2009. Published 2009 by the American Cancer Society.
Characteristics and treatment modalities for African American women diagnosed with stage III breast cancer
Authors: Rizzo Monica , Lund Mary Jo , Mosunjac Marina , Bumpers Harvey , Holmes Leslie , O'Regan Ruth , Brawley Otis W. , Gabram Sheryl 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Stage III breast cancers account for about 6% to 7% of all invasive breast cancers diagnosed annually in the United States. In African American (AA) women, the incidence of stage III breast cancers is almost double that in Caucasian women. The aim of this study was to correlate age, receptor status, nuclear grade, and differences in treatment modalities for stage III breast cancer in an inner‐city hospital serving a large AA population.METHODS:A retrospective review was performed for all stage III primary breast cancers diagnosed and or treated from 2000 to 2006.RESULTS:Of 840 primary invasive breast cancers, the authors identified 107 as stage III, 40.2% IIIA, 32.7% IIIB, 16.8% T4D, and 10.3% IIIC. The majority of the patients were AA (n = 93, 86.9%). Stage IIIC patients were younger (P < .05). Triple negative tumors (TNT) accounted for 29.0%. TNT were more likely among the inflammatory breast cancers (50.0%) compared with the other 3 groups (P < .05). Twenty‐two patients (20.5%) refused chemotherapy, and 24 of the 91 patients (26.3%) who should have received chest wall radiation refused. There was no difference in race, marital status, religion, or age in the patients that refused chemotherapy or radiation therapy versus the majority of patients in this series who received standard care.CONCLUSIONS:Stage III breast cancers in AA women have distinct clinical characteristics. A high number of these patients refused chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Reasons for refusal need to be better defined so strategies can be implemented to improve compliance for these advanced stage patients. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Mobile gSET—secure business workflows for Mobile‐Grid clients
Authors: Mangler J. , Witzany C. , Jorns O. , Schikuta E. , Wanek H. , Ul Haq I. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUntil now, the research community mainly focused on the technical aspects of Grid computing and neglected commercial issues. However, recently the community tends to accept that the success of the Grid is crucially based on commercial exploitation. In our vision Foster's and Kesselman's statement ‘The Grid is all about sharing.’ has to be extended by ‘… and making money out of it!’. To allow for the realization of this vision, the trustworthiness of the underlying technology needs to be ensured. This can be achieved by the use of Gridified Secure Electronic Transaction as a basic technology for trust management and secure accounting in the presented grid‐based workflow. We present a framework, conceptually and technically, from the area of the Mobile‐Grid, which justifies the Grid infrastructure as a viable platform to enable commercially successful business workflows. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorophores as Optical Sensors for Local Forces
Authors: Marawske Stefan , Dörr Denis , Schmitz Daniel , Koslowski Axel , Lu You , Ritter Helmut , Thiel Walter , Seidel Claus A. M. , Kühnemuth Ralf 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe main aim of this study is to investigate correlations between the impact of an external mechanical force on the molecular framework of fluorophores and the resultant changes in their fluorescence properties. Taking into account previous theoretical studies, we designed a suitable custom‐tailored oligoparaphenylenevinylene derivative (OPV5) with a twisted molecular backbone. Thin foils made of PVC doped with 100 nM OPV were prepared. By applying uniaxial force, the foils were stretched and three major optical effects were observed simultaneously. First, the fluorescence anisotropy increased, which indicates a reorientation of the fluorophores within the matrix. Second, the fluorescence lifetime decreased by approximately 2.5 % (25 ps). Finally, we observed an increase in the emission energy of about 0.2 % (corresponding to a blue‐shift of 1.2 nm). In addition, analogous measurements with Rhodamine 123 as an inert reference dye showed only minor effects, which can be attributed to matrix effects due to refractive index changes. To relate the observed spectroscopic changes to the underlying changes in molecular properties, quantum‐chemical calculations were also performed. Semiempirical methods had to be used because of the size of the OPV5 chromophore. Two conformers of OPV5 (C2 and Ci symmetry) were considered and both gave very similar results. Both the observed blue‐shift of fluorescence and the reduced lifetime of OPV5 under tensile stress are consistent with the results of the semiempirical calculations. Our study proves the feasibility of fluorescence‐based local force probes for polymers under tension. Improved optical sensors of this type should in principle be able to monitor local mechanical stress in transparent samples down to the single‐molecule level, which harbors promising applications in polymer science and nanotechnology.
Cover Picture: Tuning the Rates of Long‐Range Charge Transfer across Phenylene Wires (ChemPhysChem 8/2009)
Authors: Walther Mathieu E. , Wenger Oliver S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe central part of the cover picture shows that the rates for long‐range charge transfer across covalent phenylene bridges can be very sensitive to the chemical substituents attached to the individual bridging units. The peripheral parts of the picture illustrate the flash–quench technique employed to investigate intramolecular charge transfer between a phenothiazine donor and a photochemically generated ruthenium(III) complex. On page 1203, M. E. Walther and O. S. Wenger explain their experimental findings in terms of donor‐bridge energy matching for hole transfer.magnified image
Sensitivity improvement of the receiver module in the passive tag‐based RFID reader
Authors: Chun Jonghun , Rhee Seunghak , Kang Gwangwon , Moon Yongseon , Park Jongan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we have designed an RFID reader receiver system for improving the performance of the passive Tag‐based 908.5–914 MHz RFID reader, and analyzed the system performance vis‐à‐vis frequency, reader, and tag properties. The commercial receiver system causes a loss in sensitivity because of its 24 capacitors and six inductors. To improve the overall sensitivity of the receiver, we have designed a system using a circulator, low noise amplifier (LNA) and a SAW filter. The experimental results show that the use of a circulator to separate the Tx/Rx paths eliminates interference, the LNA improves the sensitivity of the Rx module and SAW filter eliminates the noise and spurious components in the received signal. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examining processes or/and outcomes? Evaluation concepts in European governance of natural resources
Authors: Rauschmayer Felix , Berghöfer Augustin , Omann Ines , Zikos Dimitrios 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEffectively evaluating the governance of natural resources is a precondition for its improvement in contexts of change. In order to do so, one can use methods for evaluating (1) the outcome of a governance process or (2) the governance process itself. Outcome‐oriented and process‐oriented approaches have different strengths and weaknesses. This paper explores the challenges associated with both options when applied to European biodiversity and water governance – namely the implementation of the Habitats Directive (Natura 2000 network) and the Water Framework Directive.Current evaluation practice, concerned with governance processes for EU policy implementation, focuses mainly on outcomes. In this paper, we examine the methodology involved and argue that, for three reasons, it makes sense to combine the two approaches: a normative reason, relating to standards of good governance; a substantive reason, relating to the complexity of the system to be governed; and a third, instrumental, reason relating to the task of policy evaluation and implementation itself. Combining outcome‐ and process‐oriented evaluation of governance processes is not without caveats, but it appears a promising approach in the light of current problems in European governance of natural resources. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Inclusive risk governance: concepts and application to environmental policy making
Authors: Renn Ortwin , Schweizer Pia‐Johanna 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe concept of inclusive risk governance is based on a normative belief that the integration of knowledge and values can best be accomplished by involving those actors in the decision‐making process that are able to contribute all the respective knowledge as well as the variability of values necessary to make effective, efficient, fair and morally acceptable decisions about risk. In the risk arena the major actors are governments, the economic sector, scientific communities and representatives of civil society. The paper addresses the conceptual issues of how to integrate the contributions of the different actor groups in risk governance. Who and what is or should be included in the deliberations, and how is closure accomplished or reached in such settings? The main thesis in the paper is that these two questions can only be answered in the context of six underlying concepts of deliberation in democratic societies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The Variable Binding Modes of Phenylbis(pyrid‐2‐ylmethyl)phosphane and Bis(pyrid‐2‐ylmethyl) Phenylphosphonite with AgI and CuI
Authors: Hung‐Low Fernando , Renz Amanda , Klausmeyer Kevin K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA series of new bridging phosphane and phosphonite structures forming three‐ and six‐membered rings with the metal centers were synthesized and characterized. The resulting compounds of phenylbis(pyrid‐2‐ylmethyl)phosphane (1) with the silver(I) salts of trifluoroacetate (tfa–), tetrafluoroborate (BF4–), and trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf–), and copper tetrakis(acetonitrile) hexafluorophosphate (PF6–) shows the flexibility of the ligand by displaying different coordination modes associated with the electronic and structural characteristics of the corresponding anion. Accordingly, ligand 1 in these complexes displays two different binding modes. With Agtfa and AgBF4 compounds 3 and 4 are obtained where the ligand chelates to two silver atoms that exhibit normalAg–Ag contacts in the range of 2.9 Å. When AgOTf or Cu(NCCH3)4PF6 are used, one molecule of 1 bridges the metal centers through a phosphorus atom while another is terminally bound. This induces short M–M distances of 2.6871 and 2.568 Å for 5 and 6, respectively. Similarly, the coordination behavior of the heterofunctional bis(pyrid‐2‐ylmethyl) phenylphosphonite ligand (2) is reported with Cu(NCCH3)4PF6 (7) and AgBF4 (8) to form two novel discrete molecules. In these complexes 2 coordinates through the P and N atoms, with the difference that in 7 the O atom of one of the carbinol arms is also bound to the Cu. Elemental analysis, variable‐temperature multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and low‐temperature luminescence studies were carried out to fully characterize the compounds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Electron Transfer Processes at Aryl‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Schauff Siri , Ciorca Mircea , Laforgue Alexis , Bélanger Daniel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe effect of a layer of electrochemically grafted 4‐diazo‐N,N‐diethylaniline (DEA) groups on the electron transfer kinetics of redox systems, displaying fast and slow heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants at edge and basal planes of carbon, was investigated. The properties of the modified electrode were characterized by cyclic voltammetry using four different inorganic redox systems (Fe(CN)$\rm{ {_{6}^{3-/4-}}}$, Co(phen)$\rm{ {_{3}^{2+/3+}}}$, Ru(NH3)$\rm{ {_{6}^{2+/3+}}}$, and IrCl$\rm{ {_{6}^{2-/3-}})}$ in acidic, neutral, and basic media. Two distinct blocking behaviors and electrostatic effects were observed. More precisely, a strong blocking effect of the grafted layer on Fe(CN)$\rm{ {_{6}^{3-/4-}}}$ and Co(phen)$\rm{ {_{3}^{2+/3+}}}$ was found, whereas Ru(NH3)$\rm{ {_{6}^{2+/3+}}}$ and IrCl$\rm{ {_{6}^{2-/3-}}}$ showed to be rather unaffected by the presence of the DEA grafted layer.