bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in extreme precipitation indices across Algeria climate zones
Authors: Hamitouche Yasmine , Zeroual Ayoub , Meddi Mohamed , Assani Ali Arkamose , Alkama Ramdane 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExtreme precipitation events can have a significant impact on the environment, agriculture, economy and safety, making close monitoring of their short‐ and long‐term trends essential for the development of effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. In this study, we analysed 16 in situ observation datasets from four different climate zones in Algeria, spanning from 1969 to 2021. The trend analysis was conducted using the original Mann–Kendall test and seven modified tests to eliminate the effects of short‐term persistence. Our findings reveal a significant increasing trend of extreme precipitation variability for most stations in the Warm Mediterranean climate zone, except for the Consecutive dry days index, which showed a negative trend for the same zone, while stations in the Cold/Warm semi‐arid climate and Cold desert climate (Bwk) zones showed a decreasing trend. Additionally, all index series with significant long‐term trends were affected by a significant shift in their means, which was confirmed by both the Lombard and Pettitt tests. However, when we used the modified MPT and the test eliminating the effects of long‐term persistence, the significance of the shifts and the trend decreased. Our results suggest that while extreme precipitation events have been increasing in some parts of Algeria; the trend may not be statistically significant in the long‐run, indicating the necessity of revisiting and refreshing the findings of previous studies for a more current perspective.
Realization of an organic semiconductor electroluminescent device with high directionality and color purity
Authors: Auffray Morgan , Mikaeili Amir , Mohammed Ahmed , Fukuta Tomoko , Yoshizumi Takashi , Ishidai Hiroshi , Tsukiji Kazue , Fukunaga Yoko , Bencheikh Fatima 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe are introducing an innovative organic semiconductor electroluminescent device capable of emitting light with unprecedented characteristics, that is, high directionality with divergence angle of 1.1° and high color purity with the full‐width at half‐maximum of 2.5 nm. This achievement was realized through design techniques aimed at enhancing gain via meticulous recombination zone control and complemented by the reduction of the optical losses. These results demonstrate the simultaneous achievement of a narrow spectrum and high directionality in an organic electroluminescent device.
Effects of soil conditioners on vineyard saline soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community in arid areas
Authors: Chang Doudou , Zhang Haoli , Zhu Zhifeng , Hong Dashuang , Fan Hua , Cui Wenli , Wang Kaiyong , Liu Yantao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoil salinization adversely affects soil quality and ecosystem. Many researches have tried to ameliorate saline soils by soil conditioners. However, little is known about the differences in the responses of soil bacterial communities to natural and artificial conditioners applied to saline soils. Therefore, in this study, the effects of natural humic acid (IK), synthetic polymer (IP), and composite material (IF) (mixture of IK and IP (1:1)) on bacterial community structure and functional genes in saline soil were evaluated to clarify their differences. The results showed that the application of the three soil conditioners significantly reduced soil pH and Na+ content but increased soil alkaline phosphatase, urease, invertase and catalase activities, bacterial diversity, and nutrients, compared to the control (no conditioner). IK application increased bacterial relative abundance (e.g., Subgroup_6, RB41, MND1, and KD4‐96) and metabolic functions (e.g., Two‐component system and Biosynthesis of amino acids) by increasing soil nitrogen and maintaining K+ and Na+ balance. IP application increased soil alkaline phosphatase and urease activities as well as bacterial relative abundance (e.g., Subgroup_6, RB41, MND1, Gemmatimonadaceae, and KD4‐96) and metabolic functions (e.g., Quorum sensing and carbon metabolism) by increasing soil organic carbon/nitrogen content. IF application increased the bacterial relative abundance of Subgroup_6, RB41, and MND1 by increasing soil available nitrogen and regulated their metabolic pathways (e.g., ABC transporters and microbial metabolism). On the whole, IK, IP, and IF could regulate the structure and function of soil bacterial community in saline soils. This study clarifies difference in the effects of different soil conditioners on the amelioration of saline soils from the perspective of soil microbiology, and provides a reference for the amelioration of saline soils in arid areas.
Subwavelength Raman Laser Driven by Quasi Bound State in the Continuum
Authors: Riabov Daniil , Gladkov Ruslan , Pashina Olesia , Bogdanov Andrey , Makarov Sergey 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRaman lasers are an actively developing field of nonlinear optics aiming to create efficient frequency converters and various optical sensors. Due to the growing importance of ultracompact chip‐scale technologies, there is a constant demand for optical device miniaturization; however, the development of a nanoscale Raman laser remains a challenging endeavor. In this work, a fully subwavelength Raman laser operating in visible range is proposed, based on a gallium phosphide nanocylinder resonator supporting a quasi‐bound state in the continuum (quasi‐BIC). The precise spectral matching of the nanoparticle high‐Q modes is performed with the pump and detuned Raman emission wavelengths. The simulations demonstrate an experiment‐ready design of Raman nanolaser with a lasing threshold expected to be as low as . The proposed configuration represents the prototype of a low‐threshold Raman nanolaser with all dimensions smaller than the operational wavelength.
Unraveling the Defect‐Induced Spectral Tuning in a Ce‐Doped Garnet Solid‐Solution Phosphor
Authors: Qin Yonghong , Cao Yaxin , Ning Lixin , Wang Xicheng , Wang Yuhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe increasing demand for white light‐emitting diode (WLED) has prompted the development of phosphors, in which Ce3+‐activated garnet has been representative and widely investigated. The optimization and improvement of performance have long been a focus in the phosphor area. However, the trade‐off of phosphor performance always exists and is difficult to satisfy simultaneously, thereby necessitating a better understanding of the design principles that tune spectra performance comprehensively. Herein, the defect‐induced spectral tuning mechanism in a Ce‐doped garnet solid‐solution phosphor Ca1.5‐xY1.5+xAl3.5+xSi1.5‐xO12:Ce3+ (CYAS:Ce3+) is promoted. The enhancement of luminescence intensity and thermal stability together with red‐shift of emission can be achieved by chemical unit co‐substitution of [Y3+‐Al3+] for [Ca2+‐Si4+], which originated from the increasing anti‐site vacancy. The related mechanism is fully elucidated by combining structural and spectral analysis with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study provides a subtle control for the performance‐tuning of phosphors, which can deepen the understanding of the design principle inside‐out and the subsequent development and exploration of novel optoelectronic functional materials.
RETHINKING ETHICAL LEADERSHIP IN THE C‐SUITE
Authors: Taylor Alison 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe author is a clinical associate professor at NYU Stern School of Business, and the executive director at Ethical Systems. She writes that “behavioral ethicists agree that while leading by example is important, it’s crucial to focus on building employee capacity for ethical decision‐making.” She further contends that “Companies… they must also manage the full spectrum of ethical commitments in practical ways. This poses particular challenges when you’re dealing with an increasingly vocal yet divided workforce.” She also discusses the nuances of sustainability and ESG {Environmental, Social, and Governance} within organizational ethics. Quotes are presented from such experts as Hui Chen, “a former prosecutor who became the first in‐house compliance counsel expert in the US Department of Justice”; Klaus Moosmayer, chief ethics, risk, and compliance officer at Novartis; and Nell Minow, described as “one of the leading corporate governance specialists in the United States.” For instance, according to Chen, “I’ve been baffled by the complete lack of interaction between the ethics and compliance community and the ESG community, because to me they’re really the same thing.” The author concludes: “Organizations don’t just need tone at the top; they need to solicit and support awareness, accountability, and voice at all levels.”
SMALL ACTS, BIG IMPACT, GENEROUS MOMENTS
Authors: Davis Joe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractJoe Davis, Managing Director and Senior Partner at the Boston Consulting Group, who has spent nearly 37 years with the company, makes the case for small but crucial gestures of kindness, civility, good manners, politeness, and inclusion. We tend to be so distracted by smartphones and social media that we neglect interacting with our fellow human beings. He writes, “Small gestures aggregate to represent something big. They show effort, thoughtfulness, and intention; they say I’m paying attention to you.” Davis also provides quotations on these subjects by his colleague Geraldine Rhodes, Manager Director and Partner at BCG; and Scott Kirby, Chief Executive Officer/CEO of United Airlines. Davis notes that “taking the time to write a note of gratitude may have a lasting impact; any email or text will work to express your gratitude for those who helped you organize an event, accomplish a goal, or beat a sales forecast.” He cites research about the benefits derived from small gestures in happiness and stress reduction. Further suggestions: “You can honor people and show interest through notes, emails, texts, phone calls, announcements, or gifts. You can recognize people on their birthdays or when a new baby is born.”
Effect of soil layering and interface resistance on electro‐osmotic consolidation of layered soils: A Green's function approach
Authors: Chen Zhang‐Long , Li Jian‐Ping , Xu Yun‐Shan , Liu Jun , Wang Shun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDuring electro‐osmotic consolidation, effective voltage attenuation induced by the increasing interface resistance is an important phenomenon, which significantly decreases consolidation effectiveness. This paper presents an analytical model for one‐dimensional electro‐osmotic consolidation in layered soils with horizontal graphite electrodes considering effective voltage attenuation. The mathematical model is characterized by time‐dependent source term and discontinuous interface flux. New variables are introduced to homogenize the discontinuous interface flux and Green’s function method is used to solve the new nonhomogeneous governing equations with nonhomogeneous boundaries. Several verification examples are conducted using the existing analytical solution and numerical results. Parametric studies indicate that electro‐osmotic consolidation of layered soils cannot be accurately simulated by equivalent homogeneous soil, whether effective voltage attenuation is considered or not. Furthermore, the backflow phenomenon may occur due to effective voltage attenuation, while it may disappear when the anode is placed in the low‐permeability layer. In addition, the optimal arrangement of electrodes in layered soils is also investigated. When the ratio of the thickness of low‐permeability layer to high‐permeability layer is about 1/3, installing the cathode in the low‐permeability layer can improve the electro‐osmosis effect up to two times, compared with installing the anode in the low‐permeability layer.
Musculoskeletal misdiagnoses in pediatric patients with spinal tumors
Authors: Dybedokken Aurora , Mathiesen Rene , Hasle Henrik , Herlin Troels , Callesen Michael Thude , Hansen Søren Holm , Jensen Laura Hallundbæk , Amstrup Jesper , Hagstrøm Søren , Brix Ninna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveChildhood spinal tumors often present with musculoskeletal symptoms, potentially causing a misdiagnosis and delays in diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to identify, characterize, and compare children with spinal tumors who had prior musculoskeletal misdiagnoses to those without, analyzing clinical presentation, diagnostic interval, and outcome.Study designThis retrospective cohort study evaluated all children aged 0–14 years diagnosed with a spinal tumor in Denmark from 1996 to 2018. The cohort was identified through the Danish Childhood Cancer Registry, and the registry data were supplemented with data from medical records. The survival was compared using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsAmong 58 patients, 57% (33/58) received musculoskeletal misdiagnoses before the spinal tumor diagnosis. Misdiagnoses were mostly nonspecific (64%, 21/33), involving pain and accidental lesions, while 36% (12/33) were rheumatologic diagnoses. The patients with prior misdiagnosis had less aggressive tumors, fewer neurological/general symptoms, and 5.5 months median diagnostic interval versus 3 months for those without a misdiagnosis. Those with prior misdiagnoses tended to have a higher 5‐year survival of 83% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 63%–92%) compared to 66% (95% CI: 44%–82%) for those without (p = .15).ConclusionLess aggressive spinal tumors may manifest as gradual skeletal abnormalities and musculoskeletal symptoms without neurological/general symptoms, leading to misdiagnoses and delays.
Preparation of high‐barrier performance paper‐based materials from biomass‐based silicone‐modified acrylic polymer emulsion
Authors: Li Chaojie , Li Xue , Wang Long , Xia Zi'ang , Yang Jingxue , Wang Na , Li Yao , Zhang Heng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐barrier performance, especially under extreme working conditions, is the key to replacing other types of packaging materials with paper‐based materials. In this paper, two biomass‐based polymers, sodium alginate (SA), and chitosan, were used to form a barrier coating with silicone emulsions to prepare a high‐performance paper‐based barrier material. By double coating, the water and oilproof functions were superimposed. The two prepared coated papers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy analysis, contact angle test, and scanning electron microscopy analysis, while their water resistance, oil resistance, thermal oil resistance, and thermal stability were tested. The water and oil repellency were achieved by double coating. The Cobb value of the chitosan‐silicone emulsion‐coated paper reached 5.3 g/m2, with a Kit grade of Level 12, and could block the penetration of castor oil at 80°C within 24 h. The Cobb value of the sodium alginate‐silicone emulsion‐coated paper was 41.6 g/m2, much higher than that of the uncoated paper, with a Kit grade of up to Level 10, which could slow down the rate of castor oil penetration at 80°C within 24 h. The test results showed that there was no chemical reaction between the paper‐based coatings, and the coated paper surface had good film formation, while the double coating method increased the thermal decomposition temperature of the overall barrier coating, effectively improving the thermal stability of the coating and achieving high‐barrier performance at lower cost and under extreme working conditions.Highlights
Water and oil resistance under extreme operating conditions.
High‐performance paper‐based barrier materials.
Dual‐layer coating method for water and oil repellency.
High‐barrier performance at lower cost.
Excellent hot oil resistance and thermal stability.
Using Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and Poly(ethyleneglycol) Grafted Polycarbodiimides as Unique Nanocarriers for Hydrophobic Form of the Doxorubicin (DOX)
Authors: Siriwardane Dumindika A. , Karmegam Vasanthy , Kulikov Oleg V. , Novak Bruce M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmphiphilic helical polycarbodiimides bearing side chains with terminal alkyne groups provide a unique platform for construction of polymeric micelles. Incorporation of propargyl pendants into polyguanidine backbone allowed post‐polymerization modification with azide terminated, random coil, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAM15K and poly(ethyleneglycol), PEG2K moieties using copper‐catalyzed click reaction (CuAAC). Thus, four new amphiphilic brush copolymers with varying grafting density were synthesized and their self‐assembly behavior in aqueous medium was studied by combination of TEM, SEM, AFM, and optical microscopy techniques. It was shown the formation of micellar structures at critical micelle concentration (CMC) ranging from 1.58 × 10−5 to 1.05 × 10−3mg mL−1. A hydrophobic drug doxorubicin (DOX) was then encapsulated successfully into these micellar structures with encapsulation efficiency (EE) falling in the range from 16% to 27%. Further, the cellular uptake studies were carried out by using HeLa cells and the cytotoxic activity of DOX‐loaded micelles was determined to be less than 65% of cell viability at a concentration of 0.250 mg mL−1. Fluorescence microscopy imaging revealed importing the micelles into the cells by endocytosis and internalization of the DOX into nucleus of the HeLa cells.
Visualizing hypothesis tests in survival analysis under anticipated delayed effects
Authors: Jiménez José L. , Barrott Isobel , Gasperoni Francesca , Magirr Dominic 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhat can be considered an appropriate statistical method for the primary analysis of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) with a time‐to‐event endpoint when we anticipate non‐proportional hazards owing to a delayed effect? This question has been the subject of much recent debate. The standard approach is a log‐rank test and/or a Cox proportional hazards model. Alternative methods have been explored in the statistical literature, such as weighted log‐rank tests and tests based on the Restricted Mean Survival Time (RMST). While weighted log‐rank tests can achieve high power compared to the standard log‐rank test, some choices of weights may lead to type‐I error inflation under particular conditions. In addition, they are not linked to a mathematically unambiguous summary measure. Test statistics based on the RMST, on the other hand, allow one to investigate the average difference between two survival curves up to a pre‐specified time point —a mathematically unambiguous summary measure. However, by emphasizing differences prior to , such test statistics may not fully capture the benefit of a new treatment in terms of long‐term survival. In this article, we introduce a graphical approach for direct comparison of weighted log‐rank tests and tests based on the RMST. This new perspective allows a more informed choice of the analysis method, going beyond power and type I error comparison.
Excitation of mixed Rossby–gravity waves by wave–mean flow interactions on the sphere
Authors: Mahó Sándor István , Vasylkevych Sergiy , Žagar Nedjeljka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe equatorial mixed Rossby–gravity wave (MRGW) is an important contributor to tropical variability. Its excitation mechanism capable of explaining the observed MRGW variance peak at synoptic scales in the troposphere remains elusive. This study investigates wave–mean flow interactions as a generation process for the MRGWs using the TIGAR model, which employs Hough harmonics as the basis of spectral expansion on the sphere, thereby representing MRGWs as prognostic variables. Idealized numerical simulations reveal the interactions between waves emanating from a symmetric tropical heat source and an asymmetric subtropical zonal jet as an excitation mechanism for the MRGWs. The excited MRGWs have variance spectra resembling the observed MRGWs in the tropical troposphere. The mixed Rossby–gravity energy spectrum has a maximum at zonal wavenumbers –5 also in the case of an asymmetric forcing that generates MRGWs across large scales. Effects of wave–wave interactions appear of little importance for the MRGW growth compared with wave–mean flow interactions. Application of the zonal‐mean zonal wind profiles from ERA5 reaffirms the importance of the asymmetry of the zonal mean flow.
Carbon Dots Derived from Jaggery Via Direct Heating: A Sensitive Platform for Ferric Ion Fluorescent Sensing
Authors: Kolekar Akanksha G. , Nille Omkar S. , Naik Vaibhav M. , Koparde Sneha V. , Patil Akshay S. , Shintre Somesh S. , Sohn Daewon , Kolekar Govind B. , Gokavi Gavisiddappa S. , More Vishalkumar R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhotoluminescent carbon dots (CDs) have greatest potential in fluorescence sensing, energy, bioimaging and environmental pollutant sensing. Heteroatom doping have dramatically enhanced fluorescent properties and stability of CDs. In this work, sulfur doped carbon dots (DCDs) using jaggery as carbon precursor through direct heating method at 180 °C. The synthesized DCDs were characterized through XRD, FTIR, XPS, TEM, Fluorescence and UV‐Visible spectroscopic techniques. The DCDs have 9 nm particle size with amorphous nature and surface decorated with −OH, C−S, C=O functional groups on surface because of contribution of major element like C, O, and S elements. The DCDs showing bright blue emission having 360 nm excitation and 460 nm emission wavelength. Further, the DCDs were employed for metal ion sensing and it selectively detects Fe3+ metal ion with 1.92 μg/mL of detection and 5.84 μg/mL limit of quantification. The experiment follows static quenching mechanism which is confirmed by fluorescence life time experiment. This low‐cost, time effective fluorescent sensitive carbon dots have potential application in environmental pollution control, biomedical and forensic applications.
Frustrated Radical Pair‐Initiated Hydrodehalogenation of Alkyl and Aryl Halides Under Visible Light
Authors: Xie Fuyu , He Jianghua , Zhang Yuetao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHere we employed Al(C6F5)3/Mes3P frustrated radical pair (FRP) to catalyze hydrodehalogenation reaction. Through the initiation of the FRP, stannane radicals were generated to facilitate the halogen‐atom transfer (XAT) process and proceed the hydrodehalogenation of a wide range of alkyl and aryl halides under visible light at room temperature. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiment, radical clock reaction coupled with control experiments provide solid evidence to support the radical mechanism. Moreover, this strategy can be applied to the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds, such as indoles and quinolines as well as the deuterated compounds.
Exploring Impact of Various Operating Parameters on the Specific Capacitance at the Glassy Carbon/H2SO4 Interface: A Comparative Analysis Using Electrochemical Characterization
Authors: Belazougui Yasmine , Dib Abdelhafid , Hadjersi Toufik , Maizia Radouane , Thomas Anthony , Martemianov Serguei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the influence of scanning rate, electrolyte concentration, temperature and electrode rotation speed on the capacitance of glassy carbon electrode in sulfuric acid solution using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results show that they have a significant influence on the capacitance with varying experimental conditions. In addition, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method was employed to conduct a more thorough analysis of the ways in which hydrodynamic circumstances resulting from a rotating electrode affect the electrode capacity and the charge storage process. Step potential electrochemical spectroscopy (SPECS) was used to identify the various charge storage mechanisms involved. It was shown that the voltammograms measured by the CV method and determined from the SPECS method have a quasi‐rectangular shape, revealing a predominantly capacitive behavior and that capacitance decreases with increasing scanning rate. Furthermore, both methods confirm that the contribution of the diffusion process is the main factor influencing the charge storage mechanism when the sweep rate is taken into account. However, the SPECS approach provides more accurate and detailed information regarding the kinetic characteristics of the electrode.