bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized, Controlled Trial of a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Administered Concomitantly with an Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Adults
Authors: Frenck Robert W. , Gurtman Alejandra , Rubino John , Smith William , van Cleeff Martin , Jayawardene Deepthi , Giardina Peter C. , Emini Emilio A. , Gruber William C. , Scott Daniel A. , Schmöle-Thoma Beate 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTA randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial evaluated the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) coadministered with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in pneumococcal vaccine-naive adults. Participants ages 50 to 59 years (n= 1,116) received TIV with PCV13 (group 1) or placebo (group 2) (1:1 randomization); 1 month later, group 1 received placebo and group 2 received PCV13. A hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay for TIV and a standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for pneumococcal serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) were performed and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers (assessedpost hoc) were measured at baseline and 1 and 2 months postvaccination. The rises in HAI assay geometric mean titer (GMT) and percentage of participants in groups 1 and 2 with ≥4-fold increases in HAI responses (A/H1N1, 84.0% and 81.2%, respectively; A/H3N2, 71.1% and 69.5%, respectively; and B, 60.6% and 60.3%, respectively) were similar. In group 1, all serotypes met the predefined IgG geometric mean concentration (GMC) ratio noninferiority criterion relative to group 2, but GMCs were lower in group 1 than group 2. When comparing group 1 with group 2, 5 serotypes did not meet the OPA GMT ratio noninferiority criterion, and OPA GMTs were significantly lower for 10 serotypes. PCV13 injection site reactions were similar and mostly mild in both groups. Systemic events were more frequent in group 1 (86.2%) than group 2 (76.7%;P< 0.001); no vaccine-related serious adverse events occurred. Coadministration of PCV13 and TIV was well tolerated but associated with lower PCV13 antibody responses and is of unknown clinical significance. Given the positive immunologic attributes of PCV13, concomitant administration with TIV should be dictated by clinical circumstances.
Draft Genome Sequence of Salt-Tolerant Yeast Debaryomyces hansenii var. hansenii MTCC 234
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Randhawa Anmoldeep , Ganesan Kaliannan , Raghava Gajendra Pal Singh , Mondal Alok K. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Debaryomyces hansenii
is one of the most halotolerant species of yeast, and the genome sequence of
D. hansenii
strain CBS767 is already available. Here we report the 11.46-Mb draft genome of
D. hansenii
strain MTCC 234, which is even more halotolerant than strain CBS767. Comparative analysis of these sequences would definitely provide further insight into the halotolerance of this yeast.
Progress in Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida spp. by Use of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Broth Microdilution Methods, 2010 to 2012
Authors: Pfaller M. A. , Diekema D. J. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Antifungal susceptibility testing of
Candida
has been standardized and refined and now may play a useful role in managing
Candida
infections. Important new developments include validation of 24-h reading times for all antifungal agents and the establishment of species-specific epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) for the systemically active antifungal agents and both common and uncommon species of
Candida
. The clinical breakpoints (CBPs) for fluconazole, voriconazole, and the echinocandins have been revised to provide species-specific interpretive criteria for the six most common species. The revised CBPs not only are predictive of clinical outcome but also provide a more sensitive means of identifying those strains with acquired or mutational resistance mechanisms. This brief review serves as an update on the new developments in the antifungal susceptibility testing of
Candida
spp. using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution (BMD) methods.
Human Papillomaviruses Recruit Cellular DNA Repair and Homologous Recombination Factors to Viral Replication Centers
Authors: Gillespie Kenric A. , Mehta Kavi P. , Laimins Laimonis A. , Moody Cary A. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) activate the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent DNA damage response to induce viral genome amplification upon epithelial differentiation. Our studies show that along with members of the ATM pathway, HPV proteins also localize factors involved in homologous DNA recombination to distinct nuclear foci that contain HPV genomes and cellular replication factors. These studies indicate that HPV activates the ATM pathway to recruit repair factors to viral genomes and allow for efficient replication.
Complete Genomic Sequence of a Novel Natural Recombinant H6N2 Influenza Virus from Chickens in Guangdong, Southern China
Authors: Jiao Peirong , Yuan Runyu , Wei Liangmeng , Jia Baoqin , Cao Lan , Song Yafen , Gong Lang , Xu Chenggang , Ren Tao , Liao Ming 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
Here, we reported the complete genome sequence of a novel H6N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) isolated from chicken in Guangdong, Southern China, in 2011 which was a natural recombinant virus between the H6N2 and H5N1 subtypes. It will help to understand the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of H6N2 influenza virus in Southern China.
Complete Genome Sequence of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain QY2010 Reveals a Novel Subgroup Emerging in China
Authors: Deng Yuxiu , Pan Yongfei , Wang Dongdong , Zhou Qingfeng , Bi Yingzuo , Chen Feng , Song Yanhua 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
QY2010 is a highly pathogenic North American-type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The complete genome sequence shows that QY2010 shares low sequence identity (60 to 88.7%) to all known PRRSV isolates. Phylogenetic analyses further reveal that QY2010 constitutes a novel subgroup within the North American genotype of PRRSV.
Adenovirus Regulates Sumoylation of Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 Components through a Paralog-Specific Mechanism
Authors: Sohn Sook-Young , Hearing Patrick 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
The Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex plays a key role in the DNA damage response, presenting challenges for DNA viruses and retroviruses. To inactivate this complex, adenovirus (Ad) makes use of the E1B-55K and E4-open reading frame 6 (ORF6) proteins for ubiquitin (Ub)-mediated, proteasome-dependent degradation of MRN and the E4-ORF3 protein for relocalization and sequestration of MRN within infected-cell nuclei. Here, we report that Mre11 is modified by the Ub-related modifier SUMO-2 and Nbs1 is modified by both SUMO-1 and SUMO-2. We found that Mre11 and Nbs1 are sumoylated during Ad5 infection and that the E4-ORF3 protein is necessary and sufficient to induce SUMO conjugation. Relocalization of Mre11 and Nbs1 into E4-ORF3 nuclear tracks is required for this modification to occur. E4-ORF3-mediated SUMO-1 conjugation to Nbs1 and SUMO-2 conjugation to Mre11 and Nbs1 are transient during wild-type Ad type 5 (Ad5) infection. In contrast, SUMO-1 conjugation to Nbs1 is stable in cells infected with E1B-55K or E4-ORF6 mutant viruses, suggesting that Ad regulates paralog-specific desumoylation of Nbs1. Inhibition of viral DNA replication blocks deconjugation of SUMO-2 from Mre11 and Nbs1, indicating that a late-phase process is involved in Mre11 and Nbs1 desumoylation. Our results provide direct evidence of Mre11 and Nbs1 sumoylation induced by the Ad5 E4-ORF3 protein and an important example showing that modification of a single substrate by both SUMO-1 and SUMO-2 is regulated through distinct mechanisms. Our findings suggest how E4-ORF3-mediated relocalization of the MRN complex influences the cellular DNA damage response.
Electroacupuncture Enhances Motor Recovery Performance with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Rats with Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Kim Min-Wook , Chung You Chul , Jung Hee Chan , Park Moon-Seo , Han Young-Min , Chung Yong-An , Maeng Lee-So , Park Sang-In , Lim Jiyeon , Im Woo-Seok , Chung Jin Young , Kim Minky , Mook Inhee , Kim Manho 
Published: June 2012

Objective Electroacupuncture (EA) is a traditional medicine in patients with post-stroke rehabilitation. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potent growth factor involved in recovery following cerebral injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether EA increases BDNF levels and facilitates functional recovery. Methods Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed in rats (N=12) followed by reperfusion. EA was applied at the GV20 (Baihui) acupoint. Motor and sensory functions were monitored on the Garcia scale for 2 weeks. Expressions of BDNF and receptor tyrosine kinase B (trkB) were determined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Results Improvement of Garcia scores, particularly in motor performance, were noted in the group with EA stimulation (p<0.05). With EA application, BDNF was elevated in the ischaemic hemisphere with increased numbers of BDNF(+) cells. Increased expression of trkB was also detected. Conclusion These results indicate that EA at GV20 improves motor recovery and stimulates BDNF/trkB expression in rats with cerebral ischaemia.
Legal status and source of offenders' firearms in states with the least stringent criteria for gun ownership
Authors: Vittes Katherine A , Vernick Jon S , Webster Daniel W 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundGun possession by high-risk individuals presents a serious threat to public safety. U.S. federal law establishes minimum criteria for legal purchase and possession of firearms; many states have laws disqualifying additional categories for illegal possession.MethodsWe used data from a national survey of state prison inmates to calculate: 1) the proportion of offenders, incarcerated for crimes committed with firearms in 13 states with the least restrictive firearm purchase and possession laws, who would have been prohibited if their states had stricter gun laws; and 2) the source of gun acquisition for offenders who were and were not legally permitted to purchase and possess firearms.ResultsNearly three of ten gun offenders (73 of 253 or 28.9%) were legal gun possessors but would have been prohibited from purchasing or possessing firearms when committing their most recent offense if their states had stricter prohibitions. Offenders who were already prohibited under current law acquired their gun from a licensed dealer, where a background check is required, five times less often than offenders who were not prohibited (3.9% vs. 19.9%; χ2=13.31; p≤0.001). Nearly all (96.1%) offenders who were legally prohibited, acquired their gun from a supplier not required to conduct a background check.ConclusionsStricter gun ownership laws would have made firearm possession illegal for many state prison inmates who used a gun to commit a crime. Requiring all gun sales to be subject to a background check would make it more difficult for these offenders to obtain guns.
The economic burden of road traffic injuries: evidence from a provincial general hospital in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Ha , Ivers Rebecca Q , Jan Stephen , Martiniuk Alexandra L C , Li Qiang , Pham Cuong 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveTo examine the costs of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in Vietnam and factors associated with increased costs.MethodRTI data were collected in a prospective cohort study on the impact of injuries in Vietnam. Participants were persons admitted to the Thai Binh General Hospital because of RTI. All costs incurred by participants and their family members during hospitalisation were collected, including direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs and indirect costs. Generalised linear models were employed to examine predictors of increased costs including demographic and injury context characteristics.ResultsEach RTI hospitalisation costs the patient and family on average US$363 or 6 months of average salary. Income, injury severity, principal region of injury and length of hospital stay were statistically significant predictors of increased costs; age, gender, occupation and road user group were not. After controlling for injury characteristics and income, participants with principal injuries to the lower extremities had a cost 1.28 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.54) times higher than those with principal injuries to the face. Analyses of motorcycle-related RTIs with principal injury to the head also showed increased costs among those without a helmet (1.41 times higher, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.71).ConclusionsRTIs can cause a substantial economic burden to the patient and family. During hospitalisation on average, an RTI would cost approximately 6 months of salary. In addition to interventions to decrease the risk of RTIs, those reducing the severity, such as wearing a motorcycle helmet, should be enforced to minimise the economic and health consequences of injury.
Fatal childhood injuries in Finland, 1971–2010
Authors: Parkkari Jari , Mattila Ville , Kivistö Juho , Niemi Seppo , Palvanen Mika , Kannus Pekka 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundChildhood injuries are a major public health problem worldwide, injuries being the leading cause of death and disability from early childhood through adolescence.ObjectiveTo examine the 40-year nationwide trends in the number and incidence of fatal injuries among children aged 0–14 years in Finland, a country with a white European population of 5.3 million.MethodsData were obtained from the Official Cause-of-Death Statistics of Finland during 1971–2010. The main categories for unintentional injury deaths were road traffic injury, water traffic injury, falls, drowning and poisoning. For intentional injury deaths, the main categories were suicide and homicide.ResultsIn 1971, there were 109 fatal injuries involving girls and 207 involving boys, and in 2010, these numbers were 10 and 16. The corresponding incidence rates (per 100 000 children per year) were 20.1 and 2.3 (girls), and 36.7 and 3.5 (boys). The reduction in fatal injuries was mostly due to fewer unintentional injuries. The greatest decline occurred in the number of fatal motor vehicle injuries: from 57 (girls) and 92 (boys) in 1971 to 5 (girls) and 2 (boys) in 2010. Drownings followed a similar pattern. Violence-related deaths also showed a decreasing trend. In 1971, there were 14 intentional deaths in girls and 15 in boys, while in 2010 these numbers were 0 and 3, respectively.ConclusionsThis nationwide study confirms a decline in childhood injury deaths over the last four decades, with the greatest declines occurring in the number of fatal motor vehicle injuries, drownings and intentional injuries.
Increasing chlamydia test of re-infection rates using SMS reminders and incentives
Authors: Downing Sandra Gaye , Cashman Colette , McNamee Heather , Penney Debbie , Russell Darren B , Hellard Margaret E 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundClients diagnosed and treated forChlamydia trachomatisare a recognised high-risk group for subsequent infection. An estimated 8% of clients treated for chlamydia at Cairns Sexual Health Service return for re-testing within the recommended 3–4-month period. There is no recall or reminder system in place. This study assesses the effectiveness of using short messaging service (SMS) reminders with and without incentive payments to increase re-testing rates.MethodsEligible consenting clients were randomly allocated to one of three groups. Group 1 (controls) received the standard advice from the clinician to return for re-testing in 3–4 months. Group 2 received the standard advice and an SMS reminder at 10–12 weeks post-treatment. Group 3 received the standard advice and the SMS reminder, which also offered an incentive payment on clinic attendance.Results32 participants were recruited to groups 1 and 2 and 30 participants to group 3. 62 SMS reminders were sent with 13 (21.0%) reported as undelivered. Re-testing rates were 6.3%, 28.1% and 26.7% for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively.ConclusionSMS reminders with or without an incentive payment increased re-testing rates in our clients who were diagnosed and treated for chlamydia. However, re-testing remained less than ideal, and the high rate of undelivered SMS reminders suggest that this intervention alone will not achieve desired re-testing rates and that a range of strategies will be required to increase re-testing in this population.
High yield of reinfections by home-based automatic rescreening of Chlamydia positives in a large-scale register-based screening programme and determinants of repeat infections
Authors: Götz Hannelore M , van den Broek Ingrid V F , Hoebe Christian J P A , Brouwers Elfi E H G , Pars Lydia L , Fennema Johan S A , Koekenbier Rik H , van Ravesteijn Sander , Op de Coul Eline L M , van Bergen Jan 
Published: June 2012

IntroductionIn a systematic internet-based Chlamydia Screening Implementation Programme in The Netherlands, all chlamydia-positive participants automatically received a testkit after 6 months to facilitate early detection of repeat infections. The authors describe participation in repeat testing and prevalence and determinants of repeat infection during three consecutive annual screening rounds.MethodsData collection included information on testkits sent, samples received and results of laboratory tests at time of baseline test and retest; (sexual) behavioural variables and socio-demographic variables were assessed. Chlamydia positives were requested to answer additional questions about treatment and partner notification 10 days after checking their results.ResultsRetest rate was 66.3% (2777/4191). Retest chlamydia positivity was 8.8% (242/2756) compared with a chlamydia positivity at first screening test of 4.1%. Chlamydia positivity was significantly higher in younger age groups (14.6% in 16–19 years, 8.5% and 5.5% in 20–24 and 25–29 years; p<0.01); in participants with lower education (15.2% low, 11.1% medium and 5.1% high; p<0.001) and in Surinamese/Antillean (13.1%), Turkish/Moroccan (12.9%) and Sub-Saharan African participants (18.6%; p<0.01). At baseline, 88.7% infected participants had reportedly been treated and treatment of current partner was 80.1%.DiscussionAutomated retesting by sending a testkit after 6 months to all chlamydia positives achieved high retest uptake and yielded a positivity rate twice as at baseline and can therefore be recommended as an additional strategy for chlamydia control. The high rate of repeat infections among known risk groups suggests room for improvement in patient case management and in effective risk reduction counselling.
Geomodelling of carbonate mounds using two-point and multipoint statistics
Authors: Janson Xavier , Madriz Darrin D. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

The Late Carboniferous strata exposed in the Sacramento Mountains in Southern New Mexico, USA, have long been considered classic exposures documenting reciprocal high-frequency mixed carbonate–siliciclastic cyclicity and shelf-edge algal-mound growth. The growth style and internal architecture of these phylloid algae mounds depend on their position on the shelf and are controlled by potential accommodation space, depth of the photic zone and hydrodynamic energy. The combination of these parameters results in a laterally variable amount of reworked phylloid algae debris and
in-situ
mound core facies along the depositional profile. This variable architecture can be observed on the outcrop and results in a complex distribution of these two lithofacies in three dimensions that is challenging to reproduce in a 3D geocellular model. Two geostatistical estimation algorithms are used to stochastically model carbonate buildups: surface-based and multipoint statistics (MPS)-based. The surface-based model uses two-point statistics and is built by first recreating the overall geometry of the mound and then reproducing the internal architecture using indicator Gaussian simulation, but requires strong secondary trend data to reproduce the correct facies architecture. The MPS model successfully recreates both the geometry and internal architecture of the mound, but requires a complicated training image and complex multigrid simulation that would be hard to implement in subsurface. This comparison demonstrates that modelling carbonate buildup geometry and internal architecture is not trivial and requires complex workflow with secondary trends. These secondary trends require a significant amount of prior knowledge that is easily extracted from outcrop observations, but would be difficult to assess in subsurface data.
Molecular Pathways: Emerging Pathways Mediating Growth, Invasion, and Metastasis of Tumors Progressing in an Irradiated Microenvironment
Authors: Kuonen François , Secondini Chiara , Rüegg Curzio 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Radiotherapy is a well-established therapeutic modality in oncology. It provides survival benefits in several different cancer types. However, cancers relapsing after radiotherapy often develop into more aggressive conditions that are difficult to treat and are associated with poor prognosis. Cumulative experimental evidence indicates that the irradiated tumor bed contributes to such aggressive behavior. The involved mechanisms have for long remained elusive. Recent progress in the field revealed previously unrecognized cellular and molecular events promoting growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumors progressing in an irradiated microenvironment. Cellular mechanisms include inhibition of sprouting angiogenesis, formation of hypoxia, activation and differentiation of stromal cells, and recruitment of bone marrow–derived cells with vasculogenic and prometastatic activities. Identified pathways include TGF-β/ALK5, CXCL12/CXCR4, KITL/KIT, and CYR61/αVβ5 integrin. The availability of pharmacologic inhibitors impinging on these pathways opens novel opportunities for translational and clinical studies. These experimental results and ongoing work highlight the importance of the irradiated microenvironment in modulating the tumor response to radiotherapy and open new opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for patients with cancer who relapse after radiotherapy. Here, we review and discuss recent advances in the field and their translational and therapeutic implications to human cancer treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 18(19); 5196–202. ©2012 AACR.
Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid as a Radiosensitizer through Modulation of RAD51 Protein and Inhibition of Homology-Directed Repair in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Chen Xufeng , Wong Patty , Radany Eric H. , Stark Jeremy M. , Laulier Corentin , Wong Jeffrey Y.C. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDI) have shown promise as candidate radiosensitizers for many types of cancers. However, the mechanisms of action are not well understood, and whether they could sensitize multiple myeloma (MM) to radiation therapy is unclear. In this study, we show that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) at low concentrations has minimal cytotoxic effects, yet can significantly increase radiosensitivity of MM cells. SAHA seems to block RAD51 protein response to ionizing radiation, consistent with an inhibitory effect on the formation of RAD51 focus in irradiated MM cells. These effects of SAHA on RAD51 focus are independent of cell-cycle distribution changes. Furthermore, we show that SAHA selectively inhibits the homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway. The results of this study suggest that SAHA, a recently approved HDI in clinical trials for malignancies, at lower concentrations may act as a radiosensitizer via disruption of the RAD51-dependent HDR pathway. Mol Cancer Res; 10(8); 1052–64. ©2012 AACR.