bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive status correlates of subclinical action tremor in female carriers of FMR1 premutation
Authors: Loesch Danuta Z. , Atkinson Anna , Hall Deborah A. , Tassone Flora , Stimpson Paige , Storey Elsdon 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThere is evidence for a significant excess of kinetic upper limb tremor in non-FXTAS female FMR1 premutation carriers. The present study explores the possibility that this tremor is associated with various other features reminiscent of those occurring in syndromic FXTAS.Sample/methodsThis study analyzed the data from an Australian cohort of 48 asymptomatic premutation women. We utilized spiral drawings from CRST, representing action tremor; the CRST total tremor; and ICARS- kinetic tremors/cerebellar ataxia scales. Cognitive tests (involving executive functioning) included SDMT, TMT, two subtests of the WAIS-III: MR and Similarities. Spearman Rank correlations assessed the relationships between the above measures, and the Chi-square tested hypothesis about the association between the white matter hyperintensities (wmhs) in the splenium of corpus callosum assessed from MR images and spiral drawings scores.ResultsThe spiral drawing scores were significantly correlated with all three non-verbal cognitive test scores, and with the CRST scores; the latter correlated with all four cognitive test measures. Similarities (verbal) scores correlated with CRST, ICARS, and with the remaining cognitive scores. Ordered spiral scores’ categories were significantly associated with the degree of splenium involvement.ConclusionThis study showed that, in non-FXTAS premutation female carriers, sub-symptomatic forms of kinetic tremor were associated with a broader motor, and cognitive (especially executive) dysfunction.
Potential of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in migraine pathogenesis
Authors: Fila Michal , Przyslo Lukasz , Derwich Marcin , Luniewska-Bury Jolanta , Pawlowska Elzbieta , Blasiak Janusz 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the potential of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in migraine pathogenesis.BackgroundFerroptosis and ferritinophagy are related to increased cellular iron concentration and have been associated with the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders, but their potential in migraine pathogenesis has not been explored. Increased iron deposits in some deep brain areas, mainly periaqueductal gray (PAG), are reported in migraine and they have been associated with the disease severity and chronification as well as poor response to antimigraine drugs.ResultsIron deposits may interfere with antinociceptive signaling in the neuronal network in the brain areas affected by migraine, but their mechanistic role is unclear. Independently of the location, increased iron concentration may be related to ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in the cell. Therefore, both phenomena may be related to increased iron deposits in migraine. It is unclear whether these deposits are the reason, consequence, or just a correlate of migraine. Still, due to migraine-related elevated levels of iron, which is a prerequisite of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy, the potential of both phenomena in migraine should be explored. If the iron deposits matter in migraine pathogenesis, they should be mechanically linked with the clinical picture of the disease. As iron is an exogenous essential trace element, it is provided to the human body solely with diet or supplements. Therefore, exploring the role of iron in migraine pathogenesis may help to determine the potential role of iron-rich/poor dietary products as migraine triggers or relievers.ConclusionFerroptosis and ferritinophagy may be related to migraine pathogenesis through iron deposits in the deep areas of the brain.
Predictors of time to recovery from uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition among children in eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Yadeta Shibiru Kelbessa , Tadesse Trhas , Negese Tarekegn , Haile Bisrat , Kebede Aweke , Motuma Aboma , Abdurahman Dureti , Oumer Abdu , Roba Kedir Teji 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundManaging severe acute malnutrition (SAM) involves an outpatient therapeutic program (OTP), targeting more than 80% of SAM children where the quality of primary healthcare remains poor. Treatment success and recovery from SAM remain poor and could be affected by many factors, where such evidence is limited in East Hararghe. This study assessed the predictors of time to recovery from SAM in eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on 402 records of SAM children under 5 years of age enrolled on OTP at 12 health posts retrieved from 2020 to 2021. We used the Kaplan–Meir estimate along with the p-value of the log-rank test and the survival curve to compare the time to recovery across categories. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was fitted to identify predictors of time to recovery from SAM. A p-value below 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.ResultsA total of 402 records were reviewed, and the cure rate from SAM was 89.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 87–93]. Moreover, a death rate of 0.7%, a default rate of 9.5%, and a non-responder rate of 0.2% were obtained with a median length of stay of 7 weeks. The median time to recovery was significantly shorter for children from shorter distances from OTP sites with edema, amoxicillin, (p &lt; 0.05). Edema at admission [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.33–2.29], without diarrhea (AHR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.18–1.94), taking amoxicillin (AHR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.19–2.02), shorter travel time to the OTP site (AHR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.13–1.85), breastfeeding (AHR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.27–2.02), adequacy of ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) (AHR = 1.22; 95% CI: 0.90–1.65), and new admission (AHR = 1.62; 95% CI: 0.84–3.10) were important predictors of recovery from SAM.ConclusionRecovery from SAM was found to be acceptable in comparison with the Sphere Standards and is predicted by edema, diarrhea, distance from the OTP site, amoxicillin, and RUTF adequacy. These allow for focused interventions that address the identified factors for better recovery from SAM.
Association between oxidative balance score, systemic inflammatory response index, and cardiovascular disease risk: a cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES 2007–2018 data
Authors: Chen Kai , Li Senlin , Xie Zhipeng , Liu Yingjian , Li Yangchen , Mai Jinxia , Lai Chengyang , Wu Qili , Zhong Shilong 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThere is limited research on the relationship between Systemic Oxidative Stress (SOS) status and inflammatory indices. Adding onto existing literature, this study aimed to examine the association between dietary Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) and lifestyle OBS (which make up the overall OBS), and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) prevalence at different Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII) and Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) levels.MethodsThis study involved 9,451 subjects selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018. The OBS comprised 20 dietary and lifestyle factors. Statistical methods included Weighted Linear Regression Analysis (WLRA), Logistic Regression Analysis (LRA), Sensitivity Analysis (SA), and Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) analysis.ResultsThe multivariate WLRA revealed that OBS was significantly negatively correlated with both SII (β = −5.36, p &lt; 0.001) and SIRI (β = −0.013, p &lt; 0.001) levels. In SA, removing any single OBS component had no significant effect on the WLRA results of SII and SIRI. Further subgroup analyses revealed that OBS was more impactful in lowering SII in women than in men. Additionally, OBS was more significantly negatively correlated with SII and SIRI in the low-age group than in the high-age group. Moreover, RCS analysis confirmed this linear relationship. Compared to dietary OBS, lifestyle OBS exerted a more significant effect on Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (OR: 0.794, p = 0.002), hypertension (OR: 0.738, p &lt; 0.001), Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) (OR: 0.736, p = 0.005), Myocardial Infarction (MI) (OR: 0.785, p = 0.002), and stroke (OR: 0.807, p = 0.029) prevalence. Furthermore, SIRI exhibited a significant interaction in the relationship between overall OBS, dietary OBS, and CHF (P for interaction &lt; 0.001). On the other hand, SII had a significant interaction in the relationship between overall OBS, dietary OBS, and MI (P for interaction &lt; 0.05).ConclusionOBS, including lifestyle and dietary OBS, were significantly negatively associated with SII and SIRI. Higher lifestyle OBS was associated with reduced risks of CAD, hypertension, CHF, MI, and stroke.
Case report: Pediatric low-grade gliomas: a fine balance between treatment options, timing of therapy, symptom management and quality of life
Authors: Joh-Carnella Nicolette , Bauman Glenn , Yock Torunn I. , Zelcer Shayna , Youkhanna Sabin , Cacciotti Chantel 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionPediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) are the most common brain tumor in children and encompass a wide range of histologies. Treatment may pose challenges, especially in those incompletely resected or those with multiple recurrence or progression.Case descriptionWe report the clinical course of a girl diagnosed with pilocytic astrocytoma and profound hydrocephalus at age 12 years treated with subtotal resection, vinblastine chemotherapy, and focal proton radiotherapy. After radiotherapy the tumor increased in enhancement temporarily with subsequent resolution consistent with pseudoprogression. Despite improvement in imaging and radiographic local control, the patient continues to have challenges with headaches, visual and auditory concerns, stroke-like symptoms, and poor quality of life.ConclusionpLGG have excellent long-term survival; thus, treatments should focus on maintaining disease control and limiting long-term toxicities. Various treatment options exist including surgery, chemotherapy, targeted agents, and radiation therapy. Given the morbidity associated with pLGG, individualized treatment approaches are necessary, with a multi-disciplinary approach to care focused on minimizing treatment side effects, and promoting optimal quality of life for patients.
Predictive and prognostic value of aurora kinase A combined with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhongyu , Guo Fengli , Fu Guiming , Zhao Zewei , Kang Ning , Hou Xiukun , Zheng Xiangqian 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundAurora kinase A (AURKA) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are both known to play an essential role in tumorigenesis. However, the expression and prognostic value of the AURKA and TILs in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) have not yet been investigated.Patients and methodsSurgical specimens and clinical data of 137 patients diagnosed with MTC were collected. AURKA expression and TILs infiltration were quantified by immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Subsequently, the prognostic value of AURKA expression and TIL infiltration in MTC was evaluated.ResultsAURKA was highly expressed in patients with multifocal tumor, cervical lymph node metastasis, and an advanced TNM stage, indicating a high probability of recurrence. AURKA further exhibited a positive correlation with TILs (R = 0.44, P &lt; 0.001). High expression of AURKA combined with a low numbers of TILs (AURKAhigh/TILslow) was identified as an independent prognostic factor for biochemical recurrence (odds ratio: 4.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.54–14.66, P &lt; 0.01) and recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio: 3.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.52–8.71, P &lt; 0.001). The combination of AURKA and TILs apparently improves the prognostic value for biochemical recurrence (area under the curve: 0.751) and structural recurrence (area under the curve: 0.836) of MTC. Notably, AURKAhigh/TILslow demonstrated a high value for prediction of distant or unresectable locoregional recurrence, with an overall accuracy of 86.9%.ConclusionAURKAhigh is associated with the MTC malignancy. The combination of AURKAhigh/TILslow was identified as novel independent prognostic marker in MTC, predicting incurable disease recurrence with high accuracy.
Nano-based drug delivery systems for active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine: Harnessing the power of nanotechnology
Authors: Zhang Yong-Bo , Wang Jun-Fang , Wang Mei-Xia , Peng Jing , Kong Xiang-De , Tian Jie 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining worldwide popularity as a complementary and alternative medicine. The isolation and characterization of active ingredients from TCM has become optional strategies for drug development. In order to overcome the inherent limitations of these natural products such as poor water solubility and low bioavailability, the combination of nanotechnology with TCM has been explored. Taking advantage of the benefits offered by the nanoscale, various drug delivery systems have been designed to enhance the efficacy of TCM in the treatment and prevention of diseases.Methods: The manuscript aims to present years of research dedicated to the application of nanotechnology in the field of TCM.Results: The manuscript discusses the formulation, characteristics and therapeutic effects of nano-TCM. Additionally, the formation of carrier-free nanomedicines through self-assembly between active ingredients of TCM is summarized. Finally, the paper discusses the safety behind the application of nano-TCM and proposes potential research directions.Discussion: Despite some achievements, the safety of nano-TCM still need special attention. Furthermore, exploring the substance basis of TCM formulas from the perspective of nanotechnology may provide direction for elucidating the scientific intension of TCM formulas.
Transmission from seed to seedling and elimination of alfalfa viruses
Authors: Li Jin , Shang Qiaoxia , Luo Yingning , Wei Shuhua , Zhao Chaoyang , Ban Liping 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionViral diseases have become a vital factor limiting the development of the alfalfa (Medicago sativa) industry. Six viruses infecting alfalfa with a high incidence rate are Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Medicago sativa alphapartitivirus 1 (MsAPV1), Medicago sativa alphapartitivirus 2 (MsAPV2), Medicago sativa deltapartitivirus 1 (MsDPV1), Medicago sativa amalgavirus 1 (MsAV1), and Cnidium vein yellowing virus 1 (CnVYV1). The purpose of this study was to develop preventive measures against these viruses by investigating their transmission through alfalfa seeds.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the transmission rate of alfalfa viruses from seed to seedling by PCR, determined the location of viruses in seed by dissecting seed embryos and seed coat, tracked the changes of viruses in seedlings, and finally discover effective elimination measures for alfalfa viruses from 16 measures.Results and discussionOur results demonstrated that all these six viruses could be transmitted from alfalfa seeds to seedlings with the transmission rate ranging from 44.44% to 88.89%. For AMV, MsAPV2, and MsAV1, the viral load was significantly higher in the seed coats than in the seed embryos; however, it did not show significant differences between these two parts of the seeds for MsAPV1, MsDPV1, and CnVYV1. Dynamic accumulation analysis of AMV and MsAPV2 indicated that the viral load in plants increased continuously in the early growth stage, making it important to inactivate these viruses prior to their seed-to-seedling transmission. Sixteen treatments including physical, chemical, and combinations of physical and chemical measures were compared in terms of their elimination efficiency on AMV and MsAPV2 and impacts on seed germination. The results showed that soaking alfalfa seeds in sterile distilled water for 2h + 2% NaClO for 1h or 2% NaClO for 1h were more promisingly applicable because it could significantly reduce AMV and MsAPV2 particles in both seeds and seedlings. Our data revealed a route of virus transmission in alfalfa and shed light on the discovery of a highly efficient method for the management of alfalfa viral diseases.
Nature relatedness, flow experience, and environmental behaviors in nature-based leisure activities
Authors: Akçakese Andaç , Demirel Mehmet , Yolcu Alperen Fatih , Gümüş Hüseyin , Ayhan Cihan , Sarol Halil , Işık Özkan , Harmandar Demirel Duygu , Stoica Leonard 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThrough nature-based leisure activities, spending time in nature offers opportunities to reduce stress, relax the mind, and enhance feelings of well-being. Being aware of the benefits provided by these activities increases the nature relatedness, and during the time spent in nature, it enables experiencing positive and satisfying moments by entering into a state of flow. The concepts of nature-relatedness and flow experience represent psychological experiences and characteristics that play an important role in enhancing psychological well-being and life quality.MethodsBased on structural equation models, the relationships among nature-relatedness, flow experience, and environmental behaviors were investigated. Data were collected from 379 individuals (212 male, 167 female) who regularly engage in nature-based leisure activities such as cycling, hiking, and fishing. The participants were predominantly male (55.9%) and aged 45  years and over (53.3%).ResultsThe nature-relatedness significantly influences flow experience (R2 = 0.505, p &lt; 0.01), environmental behavior (R2 = 0.108, p &lt; 0.01), environmental sensitivity (R2 = 0.137, p &lt; 0.01), and communication with nature (R2 = 0.200, p &lt; 0.01). Specifically, nature-relatedness directly enhanced environmental sensitivity (0.494 total effect), environmental behavior (0.604 total effect), and communication with nature (0.599 total effect) and did so both directly and indirectly through the mediation of flow experience.DiscussionA higher level of nature-relatedness can lead to a stronger flow experience, which in turn can increase positive. environmental behavior, environmental sensitivity, and communication with nature.
PEAK Mood, Mind, and Marks: a pilot study of an intervention to support university students’ mental and cognitive health through physical exercise
Authors: Brown Catherine E. B. , Richardson Karyn , Halil-Pizzirani Bengianni , Hughes Sam , Atkins Lou , Pitt Joseph , Yücel Murat , Segrave Rebecca A. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionRegular exercise has the potential to enhance university students’ mental and cognitive health. The PEAK Mood, Mind and Marks program (i.e., PEAK) is a neuroscience-informed intervention developed using the Behaviour Change Wheel to support students to exercise three or more times per week to benefit their mental and cognitive health. This pilot study assessed the impact of PEAK on exercise, mental and cognitive health, and implementation outcomes.MethodsPEAK was delivered to 115 undergraduate university students throughout a 12-week university semester. The primary outcome was weekly exercise frequency. Secondary outcomes were: time spent engaged in moderate-vigorous exercise, sedentary behaviour and perceived mental health and cognitive health. All were measured via online self-report questionnaires. Qualitative interviews with 15 students investigated influences on engagement, the acceptability and appropriateness of PEAK, and its mechanisms of behaviour change. Paired t-tests, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests and template analysis were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.ResultsOn average, 48.4% of students engaged in the recommended frequency of three or more exercise sessions per week. This proportion decreased towards the end of PEAK. Sedentary behaviour significantly decreased from baseline to end-point, and moderate-vigorous exercise significantly increased among students’ who were non-exercisers. Mental wellbeing, stress, loneliness, and sense of belonging to the university significantly improved. There were no significant changes in psychological distress. Concentration, memory, and productivity significantly improved. Sixty-eight percent of students remained engaged in one or more components of PEAK at end-point. Qualitative data indicated students found PEAK to be acceptable and appropriate, and that it improved aspects of their capability, opportunity, and motivation to exercise.ConclusionsStudents are receptive to an exercise-based program to support their mental and cognitive health. Students exercise frequency decreased; however, these figures are likely a conservative estimate of students exercise engagement. Students valued the neuroscience-informed approach to motivational and educational content and that the program’s goals aligned with their academic goals. Students identified numerous areas PEAK’s content and implementation can be optimised, including use of a single digital delivery platform, more opportunities to connect with peers and to expand the content’s cultural inclusivity.
Causal relationship between depression and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a bidirectional Mendelian randomized study
Authors: Liang Weiyu , Zhong Kunting , Lai Tingting , Zeng Yuhao , Huang Zhanhui , Zhou Jiqing , Huang Jin , Shi Zhenni , Zhang Jin , Ding Fuping 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundWith the global rise in obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as the most common chronic liver disease. Concurrently, depression is a highly prevalent mental disorder. As the incidence of MASLD and depression continues to increase, a growing body of research indicates a potential association between the two conditions. However, the direction of causality between depression and MASLD remains uncertain. To address this gap, our study utilizes a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to explore the bidirectional causal relationship between depression and MASLD.MethodsWe extracted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with depression and MASLD from pooled data of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A comprehensive assessment of possible causality was also performed. Possible mediating effects of liver enzymes on MASLD were also assessed.ResultsA total of three GWAS pooled data on depression as well as GWAS data related to MASLD and GWAS data on four liver enzymes were used in this study. Our findings indicated a strong causal relationship between depression and MASLD (OR, 1.557; 95% CI, 1.097–2.211; P = 0.016). And we found a mediating effect of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). ALT 10% (95% CI: 7% - 13%, P&lt; 0.0002). AST, 4.14% (95% CI: 2.34% - 5.94%, P &lt; 0.05). GGT 0.19% (95% CI: 0.15% - 0.22%, P&lt; 0.000000002). However, we did not find a mediating effect of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Our inverse MR analysis did not reveal any causal relationship between MASLD and depression.ConclusionsThe MR analysis revealed a positive causal relationship between depression and MASLD, while no reverse causal relationship was identified. Liver enzymes may mediate the role between depression and MASLD.