bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PETROLEUM PROSPECTIVITY OF LEBANON: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Nader F.H. 
Published: March 2011

This paper presents an updated review of the petroleum prospectivity of Lebanon. It is based on a re‐assessment of the tectono‐stratigraphic succession in Lebanon, correlation with nearby countries and the results of a recent offshore seismic survey. A generalized model illustrating potential petroleum system(s) in Lebanon is presented with data on Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic plays. Major lithological units are described with respect to their source, reservoir and cap‐rock potential.Based on a general review of previous studies and existing data, Lebanese exploration prospects may comprise on‐ and offshore as well as coastal (margin) targets. They include potential Triassic reservoirs in onshore central‐northern Lebanon including those at the Qartaba structure. Offshore plays are discussed with reference to recent seismic profiles; potential offshore targets comprise Oligo‐Miocene reservoirs sealed by Messinian evaporites as well as deeper Mesozoic reservoirs.
LATE CRETACEOUS TECTONIC AND SEDIMENTARY EVOLUTION OF THE BANDAR ABBAS AREA, FARS REGION, SOUTHERN IRAN
Authors: Piryaei A. , Reijmer J.J.G. , Borgomano J. , van Buchem F.S.P. 
Published: March 2011

The Upper Cretaceous succession in the SE Zagros (Bandar Abbas area) is characterized by marked changes in fades and thickness. These changes relate to sediment deposition in a foreland basin along the NE margin of the Arabian plate. The succession was measured at eight outcrop sections in the Khush, Faraghun, Gahkum, Genow and Khamir anticlines. The measured sections illustrate a transition from shallow‐water carbonate platform deposits (Cenomanian to Coniacian) to deep‐water fades (Santonian to Maastrichtian). Outcrop observations were compared to data from ten off‐ and onshore wells and to a series of seismic profiles.Four cross‐sections were constructed using well and outcrop data and illustrate fades and thickness variations within the Upper Cretaceous. Based on these regional profiles, the Late Cretaceous depositional history of the Bandar Abbas area was reconstructed and can be divided into two tectono‐sedimentary phases suggesting a transition from a passive to an active margin. Sedimentation during Phase I (late Albion to Coniacian) took place in shallow‐water carbonate platform and intrashelf basin settings (Sarvak Formation), and four third‐order sequences can be recognised. The uppermost sequence is locally capped by fresh‐water, pisolith‐bearing carbonate sand and conglomerates with local laterite and palaeosols of the Coniacian Laffan Formation. Shallow‐water facies consist mainly of wackestone to packstones with abundant benthic foraminifera. Sediments deposited in intrashelf basins are dominated by oligosteginid‐bearing fades. Eustatic variations in sea level, the creation of a foreland basin and salt tectonics most probably controlled patterns of sedimentation during this phase.During the second tectono‐sedimentary phase (Phase II: Santonian to Late Maastrichtian), sediments were dominated by pelagic marls and gravity flow deposits. Lateral thickness variations become more marked to the NE as a result of obduction processes and the creation of the foreland basin.Allochthonous ophiolitic and radiolarite‐bearing units are common in the northern part of the Fars region but are restricted to a few localities in the Bandar Abbas area. Traces of allochthonous materials occur in the SE‐most part of the Khush anticline; thrust slices in offshore seismic profiles may link to the Hawasina nappes of Oman. At the top of the Phase II succession, pelagic facies locally interfinger with Omphalocyclus and Loftusia‐bearing fades (Tarbur Formation) and evaporites (Sachun Formation). These deposits are overlain by slumped and dolomitized shallow‐water carbonates of the Paleocene – Eocene Jahrum Formation.The sedimentary sequence in the Bandar Abbas area illustrates a far‐field response to Late Cretaceous obduction processes and foreland basin development, as well as to halokinetic activity. Rapid variations in thickness and fades document the evolution of depositional processes in the foreland basin.
MASS BALANCE CALCULATIONS FOR DIFFERENT MODELS OF HYDROCARBON MIGRATION IN THE JEANNE D'ARC BASIN, OFFSHORE NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: Baur F. , di Primio R. , Lampe C. , Littke R. 
Published: March 2011

Basin and petroleum systems modelling is a powerful tool in petroleum exploration, but uncertainties remain in terms of the evaluation of a petroleum accumulation's size and quality, even when the petroleum system is well known and the latest modelling technology is applied. In order to interpret the results of a modelling exercise, it is necessary to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the various possible approaches used to assess petroleum migration and accumulation. This paper attempts to compare the influence of different migration modelling techniques – the flowpath, Darcy “hybrid” and invasion percolation approaches – on basin‐wide mass balance calculations for a temperature‐ and pressure‐calibrated, numerical four‐dimensional basin model. The study was performed using PetroMod® software.The study area is the well‐known Jeanne d'Arc Basin located offshore Newfoundland, eastern Canada. Model predictions were verified against pre‐existing data including the quantity and quality of discovered hydrocarbons in the basin. Modelling results showed that the Darcy method produced substantially different results compared to the other migration techniques and this was due to the high accumulation efficiency. The flowpath method, and a combination of flowpath and Darcy methods (referred to as the “hybrid” method) yielded similar results; furthermore, the hybrid method predicted the petroleum composition quite accurately. The invasion percolation method gave similar results to the hybrid approach, but little or no variation in API and GOR across the basin was predicted.The adsorption model initially applied did not adequately reproduce the natural behaviour of source rocks with respect to petroleum expulsion efficiency. Therefore a revised model was implemented in which the adsorption capacity was reduced with increasing maturity. This revised adsorption model led to more realistic volumes of hydrocarbons being retained within the source rock. The application of this approach had only a minor impact on the volume and quality of the petroleum present in the reservoir units.
Crawling Phagocytes Recruited in the Brain Vasculature after Pertussis Toxin Exposure through IL6, ICAM1 and ITGαM
Authors: Richard Jean‐François , Roy Monica , Audoy‐Rémus Julie , Tremblay Pierrot , Vallières Luc 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe cerebral vasculature is constantly patrolled by rod‐shaped leukocytes crawling on the luminal endothelial surface. These cells are recruited in greater numbers after exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by a mechanism involving tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin‐1β (IL1β) and angiopoietin‐2 (Angpt2). Here, we report that the population of crawling leukocytes, consisting mainly of granulocytes, is also increased in the brains of mice suffering from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) or injected with pertussis toxin (PTX), which is commonly used to induce EAE. However, this recruitment occurs through an alternative mechanism, independent of Angpt2. In a series of experiments using DNA microarrays, knockout mice and neutralizing antibodies, we found that PTX acts indirectly on the endothelium in part through IL6, which is essential for the post‐transcriptional upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) in response to PTX but not to LPS. We also found that phagocytes adhere to brain capillaries through the interaction of integrin αM (ITGαM) with ICAM1 and an unidentified ligand. In conclusion, this study supports the concept that PTX promotes EAE, at least in part, by inducing vascular changes necessary for the recruitment of patrolling leukocytes.
Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in Crohn's disease: Meta‐analysis of placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: HUANG Mei Lan , RAN Zhi Hua , SHEN Jun , LI Xiao Bo , XU Xi Tao , XIAO Shu Dong 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE:  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in inducing and maintaining remission of Crohn's disease.METHODS:  Electronic databases were searched. Placebo‐controlled trials of adalimumab used in patients with Crohn's disease were included. Data were analyzed with Review Manager 4.2.RESULTS:  Four studies enrolling 1402 patients were confirmed as meeting our criteria. Remission rates of inducing and maintaining remission in patients with Crohn's disease were higher for adalimumab than placebo (P < 0.05). Adalimumab significantly improves the quality of life in patients with Crohn's disease. No significant difference in total adverse events was found in maintaining remission. Moreover, there were significantly less serious adverse events from taking adalimumab than from taking the placebo in long‐term treatment. Patients with increased baseline C‐reactive protein may benefit more from adalimumab therapy than those without.CONCLUSIONS:  Adalimumab is effective and safe in Crohn's disease. However, studies of a larger number of patients are still required for better assessing the safety profile of adalimumab.
Clinical features and molecular alterations of traditional serrated adenoma in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: HAN Ying , ZHOU Zhi Yong 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE:  To compare clinical features and molecular alterations between traditional serrated adenomas (TSA) & serrated carcinomas (SCa) and traditional adenomas (TA) & carcinomas (Ca) of the colorectum and to verify a traditional serrated pathway of sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis.METHODS:  One thousand two hundred slides of colorectal polyps obtained from 1160 patients were collected and reviewed to define TSA and clinical and pathological features were analyzed and compared with TA. DNA was extracted from specimens of TSA, TA, SCa and Ca, v‐raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) V600E mutation and microsatellite instability (MSI) (assay for BAT25 and BAT26) were analyzed.RESULTS:  Overall 29 TSA were confirmed (2.5%), and there was an age difference between patients with TSA and TA (56.0 vs 62.7, P < 0.05). Compared with TA, TSA was located more often in the rectosigmoid colon (TSA 62.1% vs TA 35.2%, P < 0.05), but occurred less in the descending colon (TSA 0% vs TA 25.35%, P = 0.0068). No difference was found in terms of gender and the size or pedicles of polyps (P > 0.05). The BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 36.3% of SCa and 26.7% of TSA patients, but it was not detected in TA and Ca patients; MSI‐H was noticed in 23% of SCa, 33.3% of TSA, 5.3% of Ca and 0% of TA patients, respectively (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:  There might be a traditional serrated pathway of sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis that is different from the conventional adenoma to carcinoma carcinogenesis pathway in the colorectum.
Characteristics of pancreatic diabetes in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: ITO Tetsuhide , NAKAMURA Taichi , FUJIMORI Nao , NIINA Yusuke , IGARASHI Hisato , OONO Takamasa , UCHIDA Masahiko , KAWABE Ken , TAKAYANAGI Ryoichi , NISHIMORI Isao , OTSUKI Makoto , SHIMOSEGAWA Tooru 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE:  Although patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) tend to have concurrent diverse disorders, very few studies have focused on diabetes mellitus (DM) coexisting with AIP.METHODS:  In total 102 AIP patients with DM were divided into three groups. Those with DM before the onset of AIP were labeled group A (n = 35), those who developed DM and AIP simultaneously were labeled group B (n = 58) and those who developed DM after steroid therapy for AIP were labeled group C (n = 9). The characteristics of DM among the three groups were evaluated.RESULTS:  No significant differences were noted in the age of DM onset among the three groups. However, the mean duration of DM was significantly longer in group A (8.7 years) than in groups B and C. AIP developed 6.8 years after DM onset in group A, whereas it developed 1.8 years after steroid therapy in group C. Group A had the highest rate (25.7%) of family members with a history of AIP. Levels of serum albumin, total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly lower in group A. No correlations were found between glycated hemoglobin and benzoyl‐tyrosyl para‐aminobenzoic acid. Hypoglycemia was observed in 20% of patients under insulin therapy. Most of them were habitual drinkers and received no pancreatic enzymes. Group A showed a high prevalence of retinopathy, nephropathy and macrovascular disorders than group B.CONCLUSION:  Aspects of AIP‐associated pancreatic diabetes were clarified. AIP‐associated DM must be controlled by a full assessment of the pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function.
Marked discrepancy between coagulometric Protein C activity assays with the pro‐thrombotic Protein C Asn2Ile substitution
Authors: COOPER P. C. , SIDDIQ S. , MORSE C. , NIGHTINGALE J. , MUMFORD A. D. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryIntroduction:  Protein C (PC) Asn2Ile is a rare pro‐thrombotic variant in which loss of anticoagulant function in vivo is likely to result from defective PC binding to the endothelial PC receptor and phospholipid.Methods:  To characterize the consequences of this functional defect on the diagnostic performance of commercial PC activity assays, we performed one antigen, three chromogenic and three coagulometric assays on plasma from a subject who was heterozygous for the PC Asn2Ile substitution.Results:  As anticipated, the PC antigen (96.2 IU/dl) and chromogenic PC activity assays (98.4 IU/dl) were insensitive to PC Asn2Ile, which has intact enzymatic activity and is secreted normally. There was a marked reduction in apparent PC activity by STACLOT coagulometric assay (50.4 IU/dl). However, there was only a small reduction in apparent PC activity by CRYOcheck Clot C assay (69.5 IU/dl) and by HemosIL ProClot assay, the PC activity was within the laboratory reference range (91 IU/dl). This discrepancy between coagulometric assays could not be explained by lupus anticoagulant, activated PC resistance or elevated plasma factor VIII activity.Conclusion:  We demonstrate that coagulometric assays are not equally sensitive to clinically important functional defects of PC and that multiple assays may be required to identify all variants.
Inflammation assessment after selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) treatment
Authors: Ayala Marcelo , Landau Högbeck Irène , Chen Enping 
Published: March 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) appears to be a safe and effective method to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). The exact mechanism of action for reducing IOP and inflammation levels is not known.The aim of this study was to assess inflammation after SLT treatment.Methods:  Forty patients (80 eyes) were included in the study. Inclusion criteria: Glaucoma (pigmentary and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma)/ocular hypertension patients that will be treated with SLT in just one eye, both with and without eye‐drops. Exclusion criteria: patients suffering from ocular or systemic inflammatory diseases are treated with cortisone or immunosuppressive drugs. Inflammation was measured in two different ways: (i) clinically with a slit lamp and classified 0–4; (ii) objectively with a ‘Laser flare meter (Kowa FM 500)’. Measurements were taken before SLT, 2 hr, 1 week and 1 month after SLT treatment, both eyes were evaluated. IOP was also checked in the same way. SLT treatment was performed in 90°.Results:  Inflammation before and after SLT showed no significant difference measured clinically with slit lamp and objectively with the laser flare meter among the groups. No inflammation or IOP reduction was found in the untreated eyes. No IOP spikes after SLT treatment were found.Conclusion:  Selective laser trabeculoplasty treatment seems not to induce inflammation in the anterior chamber when 90° was treated. SLT effectively and safely lowers IOP and might be considered as primary therapy.
Role of the terrestrial subsurface in shaping geothermal spring microbial communities
Authors: Tin Sara , Bizzoco Richard W. , Kelley Scott T. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryIn this study, we explored the possibility that dispersal from terrestrial subsurface sources ‘seeds’ the development of geothermal spring microbial assemblages. We combined microscopy and culture‐independent molecular approaches to survey the bacterial diversity of spring source waters in Yellowstone National Park, Lassen Volcanic National Park, and Russia's Kamchatka peninsula. Microscopic analysis uncovered clear evidence of microbial cells from spring sources in all three regions. Analysis of source water phylogenetic diversity identified members of all bacteria groups found previously in downstream sediments, as well as many other phylogenetic groups. Closely related or identical 16S sequences were determined from the source waters of geographically distant, chemically distinct springs, and we found no association between spring water chemistry and microbial diversity. In the source waters of two different Yellowstone springs, we also discovered a phylogenetic group of uncultured Firmicutes never before reported in geothermal habitats that were closely related to uncultured bacteria found in the hyper‐arid Atacama Desert. Altogether, our results suggest geothermal features can be connected via the subsurface over long distances and that subsurface sources provide a potentially diverse source of microorganisms for downstream surface mat communities.
Clinical characterization of patients developing histologically‐proven fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis C post‐liver transplantation
Authors: Satapathy Sanjaya K. , Sclair Seth , Fiel M. Isabel , Del Rio Martin Juan , Schiano Thomas 
Published: March 2011

Aim:  Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis C (FCH) post‐liver transplantation (LT) is an uncommon disorder with extremely poor outcome. Using stringent histological criteria, we sought to identify cases of FCH to better characterize its incidence, clinical features and outcomes.Methods:  From January 1991 to December 2007, 973 LT for hepatitis C virus (HCV) were performed at our center. Using the pathology database, 51 cases with a provisional diagnosis of FCH were identified. FCH was diagnosed histologically by cholestasis accompanied by thin periportal fibrous septa, ductular reaction and mild inflammation.Results:  FCH was reconfirmed in 24 recipients; seven had concurrent biliary problems. Twenty‐seven cases were excluded; biopsy was unavailable in nine cases, 15 did not meet the histological criteria of FCH and three had missing clinical information. All received deceased donors at a mean age of 64.4 years (15/17 aged >50 years). Mean time from LT to FCH was 7.6 months with 16 of 17 diagnosed within 1 year of LT. At diagnosis, mean viral load was 14.4 million IU/mL, bilirubin 16.2 mg/dL, aspartate aminotransferase 262 IU/mL, alanine aminotransferase 192 IU/mL and alkaline phosphatase 299 IU/mL. All 17 patients died or required re‐LT a mean of 7.8 months after the FCH diagnosis.Conclusion:  FCH occurs infrequently and is typified by hyperbilirubinemia, donor age of more than 50 years, extremely high HCV RNA and specific histological changes occurring within the first several months post‐LT with extremely poor patient and graft survival. Histology alone is not reliable for the diagnosis of FCH, especially in the setting of recurrent HCV with concurrent biliary problems.
Clinical efficacy of i.v. doripenem, a new class of carbapenem, in patients with biliary tract infection: A multicenter trial
Authors: Tazuma Susumu , Igarashi Yoshinori , Inui Kazuo , Ohara Hirotaka , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Ryozawa Shomei ,   and the BTI Therapy Research Group
Published: March 2011

Aim:  We conducted a multicenter trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of i.v. doripenem (DRPM), a new class of carbapenem, in patients with moderate to severe biliary tract infection based on severity assessment using the Guidelines for the Management of Acute Cholangitis and Cholecystitis (1st Edition).Methods:  One hundred and nineteen patients with moderate to severe acute cholangitis and/or cholecystitis were subjected to this study. After the initial collection of bile, patients were administrated DRPM 0.5 g three times daily by i.v. drip infusion.Results:  The characteristics of the 119 patients were well balanced, including 60 with cholangitis, 44 with cholecystitis and 15 with cholangitis complicated by cholecystitis; there were 88.2% (105/119) moderate cases and 11.8% (14/119) severe. Based upon the assumption of the use of bile drainage, the rate of response to DRPM was 92.4% (110/119) in the group of all patients. The clinical response rates were 95.0% (57/60) for cholangitis, 93.2% (41/44) for cholecystitis and 80% (12/15) for cholangitis complicated by cholecystitis. Also, the clinical response rate was 80% (8/10) in 10 patients without drainage. In contrast, bacteriological efficacy was assessed in 50 patients, and the response rates were 87.0% (20/23) in patients with cholangitis, 100% (20/20) in patients with cholecystitis and 85.7% (6/7) in patients with cholangitis complicated by cholecystitis. Adverse events were found in six patients (5.0%), but were not serious and disappeared after treatment.Conclusion:  These findings suggest that DPRM is useful as a new option for moderate to severe biliary tract infection.
Triggers for alcohol‐related violence in young male offenders
Authors: McMurran Mary , Hoyte Hélène , Jinks Mary 
Published: March 2011

Purpose. Improving the effectiveness of offender treatment programmes is important and one approach is to attend to their content. The aim here was to identify triggers to alcohol‐related violence to inform the development of programmes to treat this problem.Method. Information from 149 young male offenders’ accounts of incidents of alcohol‐related violence was studied using thematic analysis.Results. Sixteen triggers for violence were identified and these were organized into six themes: (1) being offended by someone, (2) seeing an opportunity for material gain, (3) seeing others in need of help, (4) perception of threat, (5) distress, and (6) wanting a fight.Discussion. The implications of the results for developing treatments for alcohol‐related violence are presented. First, identifying triggers should be part of the treatment programme and ways of avoiding triggers should be addressed. Second, changing values, specifically hypermasculine and antisocial values, could attenuate the rewards signalled by the triggers. Third, methods of reducing the potency of triggers would be of value and would include addressing issues of need for respect and responses to perceived disrespect. Fourth, non‐violent ways of helping people who are in trouble need to be introduced. Fifth, coping with threat cues through distraction and increasing self‐awareness would reduce the effects of ‘alcohol myopia’. Sixth, seeking fights for excitement could be reduced by examining the costs through motivational procedures. Finally, and self‐evidently, a primary target of treatment programmes to reduce alcohol‐related violence should be to reduce the level and frequency of alcohol intoxication.
Performance Analysis of Full-Film Textured Surfaces With Consideration of Roughness Effects
Authors: Qiu Y. , Khonsari M. M. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
A mass-conservative algorithm that implements the Jakobsson–Floberg–Olsson cavitation theory is used to predict the performances of seal-like structures and thrust bearings with a dimpled surface texture. The results of a series of simulations for load-carrying capacity, film thickness, dimple depth, dimple density, cavitation pressure, leakage, and friction force are presented, and the relationship between these performance parameters is studied. It is shown that, under the conditions simulated, surface roughness can improve the load-carrying capacity, but its effect is limited.