bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’animal intentionnel
Authors: Proust Joëlle 
Published: November 2010

Les animaux forment des représentations mentales dès qu’ils ont la capacité d’extraire de l’information sur les corrélations environnementales, de la fixer dans certains états internes mémorisés et d’identifier des objets et des événements indépendants de la perception qu’ils en ont. Un dispositif de calibration entre les modalités sensorielles est indispensable pour que les représentations soient appliquées à des objets perçus comme extérieurs. Les animaux qui disposent de ce type de représentation dite objective sont susceptibles de former des concepts. Toutefois, les animaux sociaux non humains extraient l’information sociale non sur la base du registre psychologique (croyances et désirs) mais sur la base d’indices comportementaux. Ils ont ainsi une théorie sociale rudimentaire, mais non une théorie de l’esprit.
The Role of the Transcription Factor CREB in Immune Function
Authors: Wen Andy Y. , Sakamoto Kathleen M. , Miller Lloyd S. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
CREB is a transcription factor that regulates diverse cellular responses, including proliferation, survival, and differentiation. CREB is induced by a variety of growth factors and inflammatory signals and subsequently mediates the transcription of genes containing a cAMP-responsive element. Several immune-related genes possess this cAMP-responsive element, including IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. In addition, phosphorylated CREB has been proposed to directly inhibit NF-κB activation by blocking the binding of CREB binding protein to the NF-κB complex, thereby limiting proinflammatory responses. CREB also induces an antiapoptotic survival signal in monocytes and macrophages. In T and B cells, CREB activation promotes proliferation and survival and differentially regulates Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses. Finally, CREB activation is required for the generation and maintenance of regulatory T cells. This review summarizes current advances involving CREB in immune function—a role that is continually being defined.
A Computerized Alert Screening For Severe Sepsis In Emergency Department Patients Increases Lactate Testing But Does Not Improve Inpatient Mortality
Authors: Birnbaum A. , Bijur P. , Kuperman G. , Gennis P. , Berger T. 
Published: November 2010

Summary
Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that lactate testing in ED sepsis patients could be increased using a computer alert that automatically recognizes systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria and recommends lactate testing in cases of sepsis defined as ≥2 SIRS criteria plus physician suspicion of infection. Secondary outcomes included the effect of the alert on lactate testing among admitted sepsis patients, the proportion of admitted patients with lactate ≥4.0 mmol/L identified and the in-patient mortality difference before and after alert implementation.
Methods: After a 6 month pre-alert phase, a computer alert was implemented that computed and displayed abnormal vital signs and white blood cell counts for all patients with >2 SIRS criteria and recommended testing lactate if an infection was suspected. Data for admitted patients was collected electronically on consecutive patients meeting sepsis criteria for 6 months before and 6 months after implementation of the alert.
Results: There were a total of 5,796 subjects enrolled. Among all septic patients, lactate testing increased from 5.2% in the pre-alert phase to 12.7% in the alert phase, a 7.5% (95% CI 6.0 to 9.0%) absolute increase in lactate testing, p<0.001. Among the 1,798 admitted patients with sepsis, lactate testing increased from 15.3% to 34.2%, an 18.9% (95% CI 15.0 to 22.8%) absolute increase, p<0.001. Among admitted patients with sepsis, there was a 1.9% (95% CI 0.03 to 3.8%, p = 0.05) increase in absolute number of patients with elevated lactate levels identified and a 0.5% (95% CI -1.6 to 2.6%, p=0.64) decrease in mortality.
Conclusion: The proportion of ED patients who had lactate tested and the number of admitted patients identified with a lactate level ≥4.0 mmol/L improved significantly after the implementation of a computer alert identifying sepsis patients with >2 SIRS criteria while mortality among admitted sepsis patients remained unchanged.
Treatment Options for Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Bandello Francesco , Iacono Pierluigi , Parodi Mauhzio Battaglia 
Published: November 2010

Purpose. To describe the current management of diffuse diabetic macular edema (DDME). Methods. Review and discussion of the literature regarding DDME. Results. Diffuse diabetic macular edema is a condition that can be managed by means of several treatment options, including focal/grid laser photocoagulation, intravitreal or periocular corticosteroids, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and vitrectomy with or without internal limiting membrane peeling. Conclusions. Even though there is no randomized clinical trial specifically designed to assess the best treatment approach for DDME, new therapeutic approaches based on intravitreal injections of corticosteroid and anti-VEGF molecules offer new hope for its management.
The Effect of Triamcinolone Acetonide, Sodium Hyaluronate, and Chondroitin Sulfate on Human Endothelial Cells: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Veritti Daniele , Pehssin Laura , Zorzet Sonia , Lanzetta Paolo 
Published: November 2010

Purpose. TO report the in vitro effect of triamcinolone acetonide (TA), sodium hyaluronate (SH), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and their combination on human endothelial cells. Methods. The antiangiogenic proprieties of 2 formulations of TA (TA-1 and TA-2), 2 formulations of glycosaminoglycan-containing viscoelastic agents (V-1 and V-2), and the association of TA-1 and V-1 were investigated. Their effect on angiogenesis was tested using human endothelial cells cocultured with human fibroblasts and myoblasts. After fixation and staining for CD31, a colorimetric output was obtained. A BCIP/NBT-buffered substrate allowed image analysis of tubule formation. Results. Both formulations of TA significantly reduced tubule formation as compared with controls (p<0.01). Moreover, the antiangiogenic effect of TA-1 was maintained when combined with V-1 (p<0.01). Conclusions. Triamcinolone acetonide alone or in combination with hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate is able to significantly reduce human endothelial cell proliferation in an in vitro model.
Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide as Adjunctive Treatment with Systemic Therapy for Uveitic Macular Edema
Authors: Habot-Wilner Zohar , Sallam Ahmed , Pacheco Patricio A. , Do Helen H. , McCluskey Peter , Lightman Sue 
Published: November 2010

Purpose. TO report the outcome of a single intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection as an adjunctive treatment with systemic medication for refractory uveitic cystoid macular edema (CME). Methods. This was a retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Medical records of 25 patients (35 eyes) with quiescent uveitic CME who were treated with oral immunosuppressive therapy and underwent 4 mg/0.1 mL IVTA injection were reviewed. Data was collected 6 months post-injection and included details of uveitis, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), CME, systemic therapy required, and potential complications of IVTA injection. Results. Thirty eyes (85%) responded with improvement in vision. The mean BCVA improvement was 0.33 (from 0.67 to 0.34 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; Snellen equivalent, between 2 and 3 lines) (p<0.001), at a mean time of 6.2 weeks (range 2–16). Resolution of CME was achieved in 31 (88%) of the treated eyes. Following initial response to IVTA, CME relapsed in 8 eyes (26%) after a mean time of 4.2 months (range 2.5–5.5). The dosage of oral corticosteroids and/or second-line immunosuppressive agents was able to be reduced or stopped in 22 patients, 29 of 35 eyes (82.8%). The most common adverse effect was increased intraocular pressure, in 17 (49%) of the treated eyes. Steroid-induced cataract was observed in 6 eyes (17%). Conclusions. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide appears to be an effective supplementary tool in the management of CME refractory to systemic immunosuppressive therapy. Retreatment might be required in some and may be associated with elevated intraocular pressure and cataract.
Study on the Sliding Friction of Endothelial Cells Cultured on Hydrogel and the Role of Glycocalyx on Friction Reduction
Authors: Chen Yong Mei , Kurokawa Takayuki , Tominaga Taiki , Yasuda Kazunori , Osada Yoshihito , Gong Jian Ping , Yamamoto Kimiko , Ando Joji 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe investigate the sliding friction of HUVEC monolayers cultured on PNaSS gel, intending to elucidate the role of glycocalyx on the surface of ECs in friction reduction. Three sets of HUVEC monolayers are investigated: an as‐cultured HUVEC monolayer; a HUVEC monolayer treated with TGF‐β1, which increases the glycocalyx by 148%; and a HUVEC monolayer treated with heparinase I, which reduces the glycocalyx by 57%. When being slid on a flat, glass surface, the frictional stress of the HUVEC monolayer decreases in the order: heparinase‐I‐treated > as‐cultured > TGF‐β1‐treated samples. The results suggest that glycocalyx may play a role in reducing the friction of endothelial cell monolayer.
5‐lipoxygenase as an endogenous modulator of amyloid beta formation in vivo
Authors: Chu Jin , Praticò Domenico 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO) enzymatic pathway is widely distributed within the central nervous system, and is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanism whereby it may influence the disease pathogenesis remains elusive.MethodsWe evaluated the molecular mechanism by which 5‐LO regulates amyloid β (Aβ) formation in vitro and in vivo by pharmacological and genetic approaches.ResultsHere we show that 5‐LO regulates the formation of Aβ by activating the cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB), which in turn increases transcription of the γ‐secretase complex. Preventing CREB activation by pharmacologic inhibition or dominant negative mutants blocks the 5‐LO‐dependent elevation of Aβ formation and the increase of γ‐secretase mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, 5‐LO targeted gene disruption or its in vivo selective pharmacological inhibition results in a significant reduction of Aβ, CREB and γ‐secretase levels.InterpretationThese data establish a novel functional role for 5‐LO in regulating endogenous formation of Aβ levels in the central nervous system. Thus, 5‐LO pharmacological inhibition may be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 2010
Activation of central trigeminovascular neurons by cortical spreading depression
Authors: Zhang XiChun , Levy Dan , Kainz Vanessa , Noseda Rodrigo , Jakubowski Moshe , Burstein Rami 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:Cortical spreading depression (CSD) has long been implicated in migraine attacks that begin with visual aura. Having shown that a wave of CSD can trigger long‐lasting activation of meningeal nociceptors—the first‐order neurons of the trigeminovascular pathway thought to underlie migraine headache—we now report that CSD can activate central trigeminovascular neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (C1–2).Methods:Stimulation of the cortex with pinprick or KCl granule was used to induce CSD in anesthetized rats. Neuronal activity was monitored in C1–2 using single‐unit recording.Results:In 25 trigeminovascular neurons activated by CSD, mean firing rate (spikes/s) increased from 3.6 ± 1.2 before CSD (baseline) to 6.1 ± 1.8 after CSD (p < 0.0001) for a period >13 minutes. Neuronal activity returned to baseline level after 30.0 ± 3.1 minutes in 14 units, and remained elevated for 66.0 ± 8.3 (22–108) minutes through the entire recording period in the other 11 units. Neuronal activation began within 0.9 ± 0.4 (0–2.5) minutes after CSD in 7 neurons located in laminae I–II, or after a latency of 25.1 ± 4.0 (7–75) minutes in 9 neurons located in laminae I–II, and 9 neurons located in laminae III–V. In 27 trigeminovascular neurons not activated by CSD, mean firing rate was 2.0 ± 0.7 at baseline and 1.8 ± 0.7 after CSD.Interpretation:We propose that CSD constitutes a nociceptive stimulus capable of activating peripheral and central trigeminovascular neurons that underlie the headache of migraine with aura. ANN NEUROL 2011;
Amyloid‐β associated cortical thinning in clinically normal elderly
Authors: Becker J. Alex , Hedden Trey , Carmasin Jeremy , Maye Jacqueline , Rentz Dorene M. , Putcha Deepti , Fischl Bruce , Greve Douglas N. , Marshall Gad A. , Salloway Stephen , Marks Donald , Buckner Randy L. , Sperling Reisa A. , Johnson Keith A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:Both amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition and brain atrophy are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the disease process likely begins many years before symptoms appear. We sought to determine whether clinically normal (CN) older individuals with Aβ deposition revealed by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) also have evidence of both cortical thickness and hippocampal volume reductions in a pattern similar to that seen in AD.Methods:A total of 119 older individuals (87 CN subjects and 32 patients with mild AD) underwent PiB PET and high‐resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Regression models were used to relate PiB retention to cortical thickness and hippocampal volume.Results:We found that PiB retention in CN subjects was (1) age‐related and (2) associated with cortical thickness reductions, particularly in parietal and posterior cingulate regions extending into the precuneus, in a pattern similar to that observed in mild AD. Hippocampal volume reduction was variably related to Aβ deposition.Interpretation:We conclude that Aβ deposition is associated with a pattern of cortical thickness reduction consistent with AD prior to the development of cognitive impairment. ANN NEUROL 2010;
Effects of an antagonist of neurokinin receptors 1, 2 and 3 on reproductive hormones in male beagle dogs
Authors: Enright Brian P. , Leach Michael W. , Pelletier Georges , LaBrie Fernand , McIntyre Barry S. , Losco Patricia E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:SCH 206272, a neurokinin 1, 2, and 3 receptor antagonist, administered to beagle dogs results in testicular toxicity. Therefore, a series of experiments were conducted to determine whether this observed toxicity was associated with changes in reproductive hormones and hypothalamic gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) levels.METHODS:Male beagle dogs were administered 30 mg/kg SCH 206272 for up to 7 days. Blood samples were collected at the end of the dosing period for reproductive hormone analysis. Male reproductive organs were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the hypothalamus was stained for GnRH.RESULTS:Intact male dogs exhibited SCH 206272‐related decreases in pulsatility and magnitude of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone, which were associated with seminiferous tubule degeneration, oligospermia, and epithelial atrophy in the prostate gland. Neutered dogs also exhibited SCH 206272‐related decreases in LH and FSH. In a subsequent reversibility study, intact male dogs exhibited decreased LH, testosterone, and FSH, which exhibited recovery by 2 weeks post‐dosing; however, seminiferous tubule degeneration and oligospermia did not exhibit recovery by 2 weeks post‐dosing. Dogs administered SCH 206272 also exhibited an increase in mean number of GnRH‐containing neurons in the hypothalamus and an increase in GnRH mRNA/neuron, which exhibited recovery by 2 weeks post‐dosing.CONCLUSIONS:SCH 206272‐dosed dogs exhibited rapid decreases in reproductive hormones and subsequent testicular pathology. Collectively, these changes in hormone levels suggest that the observed SCH 206272‐related reproductive tract findings are the result of alterations in hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal function. However, a direct effect on the testes cannot be definitively ruled out.Birth Defects Res (Part B)89:517–525, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A different approach to validating screening assays for developmental toxicity
Authors: Daston George P. , Chapin Robert E. , Scialli Anthony R. , Piersma Aldert H. , Carney Edward W. , Rogers John M. , Friedman Jan M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: There continue to be many efforts around the world to develop assays that are shorter than the traditional embryofetal developmental toxicity assay, or use fewer or no mammals, or use less compound, or have all three attributes. Each assay developer needs to test the putative assay against a set of performance standards, which traditionally has involved testing the assays against a list of compounds that are generally recognized as “positive” or “negative” in vivo. However, developmental toxicity is highly conditional, being particularly dependent on magnitude (i.e. dose) and timing of exposure, which makes it difficult to develop lists of compounds neatly assigned as developmental toxicants or not. APPROACH: Here we offer an alternative approach for the evaluation of developmental toxicity assays based on exposures. Exposures are classified as “positive” or “negative” in a system, depending on the compound and the internal concentration. Although this linkage to “internal dose” departs from the recent approaches to validation, it fits well with widely accepted principles of developmental toxicology. CONCLUSIONS: This paper introduces this concept, discusses some of the benefits and drawbacks of such an approach, and lays out the steps we propose to implement it for the evaluation of developmental toxicity assays. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:526–530, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural indicators of error processing and intraindividual variability in reaction time in 7 and 9 year‐olds
Authors: Richardson Cassandra , Anderson Mike , Reid Corinne L. , Fox Allison M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractChildhood is associated with improvements in task accuracy, response time, and reductions in intraindividual trial‐to‐trial variability in reaction times. The aims of this study were to investigate neural indicators of error monitoring to better understand the mechanisms underlying these cognitive developments in primary school aged children. Specifically, this study explored the development of error processing in 36 children aged 7 years and 41 children aged 9 years, as indexed by two electrophysiological indices of error processing, the error‐related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe). Notably, the amplitude and latency of the ERN and Pe did not differ significantly between the age groups. However, intraindividual variability in response time (RT) was strongly related to ERN amplitude. These data suggest the utility of comparing neural and behavioral indicators of cognitive performance in children and uniquely highlight the importance of considering intraindividual variability in task performance in studies that explore error processing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:256–265, 2011.
Curvularin‐Type Metabolites from the Fungus Curvularia sp. Isolated from a Marine Alga
Authors: Dai Jingqiu , Krohn Karsten , Flörke Ulrich , Pescitelli Gennaro , Kerti Gábor , Papp Tamás , Kövér Katalin E. , Bényei Attila Csaba , Draeger Sigfried , Schulz Barabara , Kurtán Tibor 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTwo new curvularin‐type macrolides, curvulone A (1) and B (2), and two known ones (3a, 4) of the rare 15R series have been isolated from the fungus Curvularia sp., which has been isolated from the marine alga Gracilaria folifera. Their structures were determined by extensive 2D NMR experiments and supported by the single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of 1. The structural elucidation of 1, which has a benzo[b]furanone moiety as part of a 12‐membered macrolactone, has led to a revision of the structure of the previously reported (11S,15S)‐11β‐hydroxy‐12‐oxocurvularin. The absolute configuration of curvulone A was established independently by the solid‐state TD‐DFT ECD method and by measuring the anomalous dispersion effect. The absolute configuration of curvulone B was determined by TD‐DFT ECD calculations on the computed solution conformers. Two different solid‐state conformers of 4 were identified by X‐ray analysis of the single crystals obtained from different solvents; TD‐DFT ECD calculations were performed to reproduce the experimental ECD spectra. All four metabolites were biologically active against fungal, bacterial and algal test organisms.
Gene expression changes in female zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain in response to acute exposure to methylmercury
Authors: Richter Catherine A , Garcia-Reyero Natàlia , Martyniuk Chris , Knoebl Iris , Pope Marie , Wright-Osment Maureen K , Denslow Nancy D , Tillitt Donald E 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxicant and endocrine disruptor that accumulates in aquatic systems. Previous studies have shown suppression of hormone levels in both male and female fish, suggesting effects on gonadotropin regulation in the brain. The gene expression profile in adult female zebrafish whole brain induced by acute (96 h) MeHg exposure was investigated. Fish were exposed by injection to 0 or 0.5 µg MeHg/g. Gene expression changes in the brain were examined using a 22,000-feature zebrafish microarray. At a significance level of p &lt; 0.01, 79 genes were up-regulated and 76 genes were down-regulated in response to MeHg exposure. Individual genes exhibiting altered expression in response to MeHg exposure implicate effects on glutathione metabolism in the mechanism of MeHg neurotoxicity. Gene ontology (GO) terms significantly enriched among altered genes included protein folding, cell redox homeostasis, and steroid biosynthetic process. The most affected biological functions were related to nervous system development and function, as well as lipid metabolism and molecular transport. These results support the involvement of oxidative stress and effects on protein structure in the mechanism of action of MeHg in the female brain. Future studies will compare the gene expression profile induced in response to MeHg with that induced by other toxicants and will investigate responsive genes as potential biomarkers of MeHg exposure. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:301–308. © 2010 SETAC
Biomarkers in laryngeal dysplasia: A systematic review
Authors: Nankivell Paul , Weller Matthew , McConkey Christopher , Paleri Vinidh , Mehanna Hisham 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground.Prediction of which laryngeal dysplasia cases will progress to cancer is poorly achieved. The differential expression of biomarkers in dysplastic and cancerous lesions may help to improve this.Methods.We carried out a systematic review of laryngeal dysplasia biomarkers. Risk ratios were calculated for each biomarker. Individual study data were pooled only for the biomarker p53.Results.In all, 286 potential studies were identified; 9 met the inclusion criteria with 13 biomarkers assessed. Relative risks ranged from 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10, 3.75) for mdm2 to 84.55 (95% CI 5.30, 1348.56) for Cortactin. A meta‐analysis of studies using p53 failed to show this biomarker having a significant predictive ability.Conclusions.Currently there is no good evidence for the use of biomarkers in predicting the future behavior of laryngeal dysplastic lesions. Only 3 studies showed statistically significant results. Better reporting of studies using the REMARK (REporting recommendations for tumor MARKer prognostic studies) consensus guidelines should help to improve this in the future. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011