bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal dynamics in the stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) from non‐leafy branch, trunk and coarse root CO2 efflux of adult deciduous (Fagus sylvatica) and evergreen (Picea abies) trees
Authors: KUPTZ DANIEL , MATYSSEK RAINER , GRAMS THORSTEN E. E. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTRespiration is a substantial driver of carbon (C) flux in forest ecosystems and stable C isotopes provide an excellent tool for its investigation. We studied seasonal dynamics in δ13C of CO2 efflux (δ13CE) from non‐leafy branches, upper and lower trunks and coarse roots of adult trees, comparing deciduous Fagus sylvatica (European beech) with evergreen Picea abies (Norway spruce).In both species, we observed strong and similar seasonal dynamics in the δ13CE of above‐ground plant components, whereas δ13CE of coarse roots was rather stable. During summer, δ13CE of trunks was about −28.2‰ (Beech) and −26.8‰ (Spruce). During winter dormancy, δ13CE increased by 5.6–9.1‰. The observed dynamics are likely related to a switch from growth to starch accumulation during fall and remobilization of starch, low TCA cycle activity and accumulation of malate by PEPc during winter. The seasonal δ13CE pattern of branches of Beech and upper trunks of Spruce was less variable, probably because these organs were additionally supplied by winter photosynthesis. In view of our results and pervious studies, we conclude that the pronounced increases in δ13CE of trunks during the winter results from interrupted access to recent photosynthates.
Expression of Toll‐like receptors by neonatal leukocytes
Authors: Dasari Pallave , Zola Heddy , Nicholson Ian C 
Published: November 2010

To cite this article: Dasari P, Zola H, Nicholson IC. Expression of Toll‐like receptors by neonatal leukocytes. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 221–228.AbstractThe immune system of neonates is poorly developed; this increases the susceptibility of neonates to infection. For neonates to counter infection effectively, they first need to recognize the presence of pathogens. Toll‐like receptors (TLR) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that alert the host to the presence of invading pathogens. To determine whether differences in TLR expression by leukocytes compensate for immunologic immaturity in neonates, TLR expression by monocytes and T lymphocytes from adults and neonates was compared. Expression of TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR8 and TLR9 by monocytes and T lymphocytes was detected with antibodies by flow cytometry. TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR8 and TLR9 expression by monocytes was detected in adults and neonates. TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR8 and TLR9 expression by T lymphocytes was detected in adults and neonates. Monocytes and T lymphocytes from neonates are capable, like adults, of recognizing the presence of pathogens through TLR.
BK virus encephalitis with thrombotic microangiopathy in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient
Authors: Lopes da Silva R. , Ferreira I. , Teixeira G. , Cordeiro D. , Mafra M. , Costa I. , Bravo Marques J.M. , Abecasis M. 
Published: November 2010

R. Lopes da Silva, I. Ferreira, G. Teixeira, D. Cordeiro, M. Mafra, I. Costa, J.M. Bravo Marques, M. Abecasis. BK virus encephalitis with thrombotic microangiopathy in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 161–167. All rights reservedAbstract: BK virus (BKV) infection occurs most often in immunocompromised hosts, in the setting of renal or bone marrow transplantation. Hemorrhagic cystitis is the commonest manifestation but in recent years infections in other organ systems have been reported. We report an unusual case of biopsy‐proven BKV encephalitis in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant patient who subsequently developed thrombotic microangiopathy. As far as we know, this is the first report of such an association in a transplant patient.
Long‐term outcomes from bronchoscopic lung volume reduction using a bronchial prosthesis
Authors: KOTECHA Sakhee , WESTALL Glen P , HOLSWORTH Lynda , PHAM Alan , WILLIAMS Trevor J , SNELL Greg I 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  We evaluated long‐term safety and lung function outcomes in a cohort of patients with severe upper‐zone heterogeneous emphysema who underwent bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) performed with the Emphasys one‐way valve.Methods:  A retrospective cohort study was undertaken to assess long‐term outcomes in 23 consecutive patients who underwent upper lobe BLVR between July 2001 and November 2003 as part of a first‐in‐humans study. Long‐term follow up (>12 months) was available in 16/23 patients (median duration of follow up 64 months (range 15–90 months)). Both unilateral (n = 4) and bilateral (n = 12) BLVR procedures were performed with a mean of 6 (range 3–11) valves being inserted. Changes in pulmonary function tests were assessed longitudinally following the procedure.Results:  13/16 and 11/16 patients showed post‐procedure improvements in FEV1 and DLCO, respectively. However, early improvements in pulmonary function were not sustained with only 6/16 patients still showing improved lung function at the end of follow up. There were no significant improvements in other indices of pulmonary function. Three patients, in the absence of clinical benefit, proceeded to lung transplantation at 15, 16 and 44 months post BLVR. Four patients died during the course of the study at 27, 29, 39 and 50 months post procedure.Conclusions:  BLVR with the Emphasys one‐way valve has an acceptable safety profile and in select patients may achieve long‐term sustained improvements in pulmonary function.
Persistence of rhinovirus RNA and IP‐10 gene expression after acute asthma
Authors: WOOD Lisa G. , POWELL Heather , GRISSELL Terry V. , DAVIES Bronwyn , SHAFREN Darren R. , WHITEHEAD Bruce F. , HENSLEY Michael J. , GIBSON Peter G. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Viral nucleic acid may be detected for up to 6 months after an acute asthma deterioration, but the pattern and consequences of viral persistence after acute asthma are incompletely understood. This study investigates the frequency of viral persistence after acute asthma, assesses viral infectivity and determines the host inflammatory responses to viral persistence.Methods:  Adults and children presenting to hospital with acute asthma and a confirmed respiratory virus infection were studied acutely and at recovery 4–6 weeks later by clinical evaluation and induced sputum for viral and inflammatory mediator detection.Results:  Viral RNA was detected during both acute asthma and recovery visits in 17 subjects (viral persistence), whereas in 22 subjects viral RNA had cleared by recovery (viral clearance). The following viruses were detected at recovery: human rhinovirus: 16; respiratory syncytial virus: 2; influenza: 2. In subjects with viral persistence, eight isolates were different to the virus detected at Visit 1. Forty‐four per cent of the human rhinovirus isolates were infective at recovery. Asthma and infection severity were similar in the viral clearance and viral persistence groups. Viral persistence was associated with elevated IL‐10 mRNA and inducible protein‐10 gene expression.Conclusions:  Respiratory viral detection after acute asthma is common, and most often persistence is with non‐infective human rhinovirus. There is a host inflammatory response with an altered cytokine environment, and the viral RNA can be source of persistent infection. These effects may have longer‐term consequences in asthma.
Invisible invaders: non‐pathogenic invasive microbes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Litchman Elena 
Published: November 2010

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1560–1572AbstractAlthough the number of studies on invasive plants and animals has risen exponentially, little is known about invasive microbes, especially non‐pathogenic ones. Microbial invasions by viruses, bacteria, fungi and protists occur worldwide but are much harder to detect than invasions by macroorganisms. Invasive microbes have the potential to significantly alter community structure and ecosystem functioning in diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Consequently, increased attention is needed on non‐pathogenic invasive microbes, both free‐living and symbiotic, and their impacts on communities and ecosystems. Major unknowns include the characteristics that make microbes invasive and properties of the resident communities and the environment that facilitate invasions. A comparison of microbial invasions with invasions of macroorganisms should provide valuable insights into general principles that apply to invasions across all domains of life and to taxon‐specific invasion patterns. Invasive microbes appear to possess traits thought to be common in many invasive macroorganisms: high growth rate and resource utilization efficiency, and superior competitive abilities. Invading microorganisms are often similar to native species, but with enhanced performance traits, and tend to spread in lower diversity communities. Global change can exacerbate microbial invasions; therefore, they will likely increase in the future.
Form and semantics of communication in dental encounters: oral health, probability and time
Authors: Boiko Olga V. , Robinson Peter G. , Ward Paul R. , Gibson Barry J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this article is twofold. First, it introduces a new method for capturing the intricacy of communication in contemporary healthcare encounters. The method, termed ‘form analysis’, was developed from the systems theory of Niklas Luhmann. It is hoped that the paper will introduce form analysis as a new method to help understand complex communications in health systems. Second, the paper demonstrates an application of form analysis in communications in dental encounters. Data were collected through 36 observed encounters between five dentists and 20 patients in UK NHS primary and secondary care dental clinics. The study found a range of semantic forms relevant for these encounters, three of which are discussed at length in this article. The forms of communications illustrate how the dichotomy of dental professional and patient perspectives transforms into complex, non‐linear observations about oral health. Dentistry, it seems, remains up to date not only through the emergence of new technologies, but also through reflexivity in observing and assessing oral health. These observations are exposed to the contingency of clinical decisions and the temporal aspects of the clinical system.
Do Bank Profits Converge?
Authors: Goddard John , Liu Hong , Molyneux Phil , Wilson John O.S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the determinants and convergence of bank profitability in eight European Union member countries, between 1992 and 2007, using a dynamic panel model. Average profitability is higher for banks that are efficient and diversified, but lower for those that are more highly capitalised. There is evidence of persistence of excess profit from one year to the next. The persistence of profit was lower in 1999–2007 than it was in 1992–98 in all eight countries. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis of an increase in the intensity of bank competition as a result of an increase in the integration of EU financial markets following the introduction of the euro in 1999, and the implementation of the Financial Services Action Plan.
Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Basso Daniela , Plebani Mario , Kusters Johannes G. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Helicobacter pylori infections are thought to eventually lead to symptoms as a result of the long‐lasting interactions between the bacterium and its host. Mechanisms that allow this bacterium to cause a life‐long infection involve modulation of both the immune response and host cellular processes. Last year many novel findings that improve our knowledge on how H. pylori virulence factors interact with the host were reported, but because of space limitations we can only discuss a limited number of these studies. Among those are studies on the genetic variation of genes encoding outer membrane proteins and the mimicry of host antigens, factors that alter host‐cell metabolism and factors that modulate the host’s immune response.
Antenatal corticosteroids for preterm birth: dose‐dependent reduction in birthweight, length and head circumference
Authors: Norberg Hanna , Stålnacke Jannica , Heijtz Rochellys Diaz , Smedler Ann‐Charlotte , Nyman Margareta , Forssberg Hans , Norman Mikael 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of repeated courses of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) on foetal growth.Methods:  We studied 94 infants exposed to 2–9 courses of ACS. Mean gestational age (GA) at first exposure was 29 and at birth 34 weeks. Exposure data were retrieved from case record files. Information on potential confounders was collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. Standard deviation scores (SDS) for birthweight (BW), birthlength (BL) and head circumference (HC) were calculated and considered as outcomes.Results:  GA at start of ACS did not affect outcome. BW‐SDS, BL‐SDS and HC‐SDS were −0.21, −0.19 and +0.25 in infants exposed to two courses, compared to −1.01, −1.04 and −0.23 in infants exposed to ≥4 courses of ACS (p = 0.04–0.07). In multiple regression analyses, ≥4 courses were associated with lower BW‐SDS, BL‐SDS and HC‐SDS (p = 0.007–0.04) compared to SDS after 2–3 courses. The effects from ≥4 courses on BW and BL were comparable to reduction in birth size seen in twins and on HC to that observed after maternal smoking.Conclusions:  Multiple courses of ACS are associated with a dose‐dependent decline in foetal growth, which may affect later development and health.
Analysis of veneer failure of removable prosthodontics
Authors: Hahnel Sebastian , Bürgers Ralf , Rosentritt Martin , Handel Gerhard , Behr Michael 
Published: November 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00394.xAnalysis of veneer failure of removable prosthodonticsAbstractObjective:  This retrospective study aimed to analyse the failure rate of the facings of double crown‐retained dentures.Materials and methods:  The clinical reports of 575 patients, who received double crown‐retained removable dentures with a total of 1807 double crowns between 1984 and 2007, were included in the study. The 575 prostheses were attached to telescopic crowns using a friction fit (FF; n = 1999), conical crowns (CC; n = 61), or parallel‐sided telescopic crowns with a clearance fit (CF; n = 315). Survival probabilities for the veneers were investigated using the Kaplan–Meier method; Cox regression analysis was carried out to determine the influence of the double crown used for retention, type of antagonist, and localisation.Results:  Veneer failure occurred in 7.0% of FF, 27.9% of CC, and 4.4% of CF. The risk of veneer failure was 2.3 times higher for CC than for FF (p = 0.042); no significant differences were found between CF and FF (p = 0.363). No significant influences on the localisation of the denture (p = 0.534) or the type of antagonist (p = 0.341) were found.Conclusion:  CC‐based double crowns have a higher risk of veneer failure than FF and CF, which may be due to high tensile stresses occurring in the cervical area of their outer copings.
New Old English: The Place of Old English in Twentieth‐ and Twenty‐first‐Century Poetry
Authors: Jones Chris 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article begins by noting that the narrative coherence of literary history as a genre, and the inclusions and exclusions that it is forced to make, depend on the often unacknowledged metaphors that attend its practice. Literary history which is conceived as an unbroken continuity (‘the living stream of English’) has found the incorporation of Old English (also called Anglo‐Saxon) to be problematic and an issue of contention. After surveying the kind of arguments that are made about the place of Old English as being within or without English literary tradition, this article notes that a vast body of twentieth‐ and twenty‐first‐century poetry, oblivious to those turf‐wars, has concerned itself with Old English as a compositional resource. It is proposed that this poetry, a disparate and varied body of work, could be recognized as part of a cultural phenomenon: ‘The New Old English’. Academic research in this area is surveyed, from the 1970s to the present, noting that the rate of production and level of interest in New Old English has been rapidly escalating in the last decade. A range of poets and poems that display knowledge and use of Old English largely overlooked by criticism to date is then catalogued, with minimal critical discussion, in order to facilitate further investigation by other scholars. This essay argues that the widespread and large‐scale reincorporation of an early phase of English poetic tradition, not in contiguous contact with contemporary writing for so many centuries, is such an unprecedented episode in the history of any vernacular that it challenges many of the metaphors through which we attempt to pattern texts into literary historical narrative. It is suggested that the weight of evidence in this area strongly suggests that in recent decades we have been living through ‘The Anglo‐Saxon Poetic Renaissance’.
Improving cardiovascular health with motivational interviewing: A nurse practitioner perspective
Authors: Van Nes Michelle , Sawatzky Jo‐Ann V. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this article is to provide nurse practitioners (NPs) with an evidence‐based counseling strategy for motivating patients to adopt healthier cardiovascular lifestyles and reduce their cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. A comprehensive overview of motivational interviewing (MI), framed within the context of the transtheoretical model of change (TTM), demonstrates how primary care NPs can utilize this counseling approach to optimize cardiovascular outcomes in their patients. Data sources: Published original research and review articles in scholarly journals on the following topics: MI; advice giving; counseling techniques; TTM; CVD; quality NP care. Conclusions: Although the major risk factors for CVD are largely preventable, CVD rates are increasing to epidemic proportions. Traditional advice giving to decrease CVD risk is minimally effective. MI combined with TTM is an effective counseling technique, which motivates patients who are resistant and ambivalent to change. MI is an appropriate, evidence‐based strategy to promote cardiovascular health. Implications for practice: NPs working in primary care can integrate MI with TTM into ongoing patient encounters to facilitate positive behavior changes in their patients over time. Thus, NPs can play a key role in decreasing the growing burden of CVD in North America.
Crime and Punishment in Islamic History (Early to Middle Period): A Framework for Analysis
Authors: Lange Christian 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article reviews a number of received opinions about the history of crime and punishment in pre‐modern Islamic societies in the Nile‐to‐Oxus region: that the definition of crime continuously overlapped notions of the sacred, given the thin or even indistinct line dividing religion and government; that the contribution of Muslim jurists ( fuqaha') to criminal law was minimal because of their lack of interest in defining the individual's rights and duties vis‐à‐vis the state; that in the absence of court records, the study of the pre‐Ottoman history of crime and punishment is limited to the (sparse) historiographical evidence, in addition to the (largely irrelevant) Muslimfiqh. In order to nuance and, where appropriate, challenge these perceptions, this article calls for more contextualized and cross‐disciplinary approaches to Islamic criminal law of the pre‐Ottoman period, and proposes a new typological, actor‐centred model of interpretation.
Wind Climatology, Climate Change, and Wind Energy
Authors: Greene Scott , Morrissey Mark , Johnson Sara E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article presents an overview of research in wind climatology and wind energy. Specifically, patterns and trends in wind speed are examined. This article looks at both past variability and trends and projected future patterns of the wind resource in various locations across the globe. A review of the historical and current research and results in each one of these areas is presented. In addition, results from research into one of these areas (e.g., analysis of wind speed patterns) are presented as an example within the overall broader review to illustrate current and potential future avenues of investigation. In the past, there has been disconnect between the research being conducted on wind speed climatology and the efforts of the wind industry to understand changes in the resource, and this article represents an attempt to summarize the current status of the research, and also suggest possible avenues of future research.
Popular Geopolitics 2.0: Towards New Methodologies of the Everyday
Authors: Dittmer Jason , Gray Nicholas 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper argues for the renewal of popular geopolitics through the adoption of a research agenda that emphasizes everyday life. Popular geopolitics as commonly practiced has adopted a focus on textual deconstruction that neglects the practices and performances that mark much of the everyday experience of the geopolitical. This paper reviews the literature on feminist geopolitics, non‐representational theory, and audience studies to find points of intersection between them. Following this a renewed popular geopolitics based on the common themes of embodiment, emotions/affect, performativity, and post‐human networks is sketched out. It is hoped that this ‘popular geopolitics 2.0’ might allow scholars to truly engage with the everyday without trying to impose a new theoretical orthodoxy.