bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FRIENDS Parent Project: Effectiveness of Parent Training in Reducing Parent Anxiety in a Universal Prevention Program for Anxiety Symptoms in School Children
Authors: Fukushima-Flores Marnie , Miller Lynn 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAnxiety is the most pervasive childhood mental health disorder today. This study examined the parent component of a school-based universal prevention and early intervention program. Participating parents (N= 122) completed four measures on anxiety, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, before and after the parent program. The effectiveness of the program was investigated by analysing mean scores of the parent self-reported anxiety symptoms and parent reports of child anxiety symptoms. The main analyses conducted were 2 × 2 between-within ANOVAs for each measure. The hypothesis that parents who participated in the program (n= 20) would report reduced anxiety symptoms for themselves and for their children when compared to parents who did not attend (n= 120) was not confirmed. The parent's satisfaction level with the program was also studied, with high acceptability ratings providing strong social validity for this program. Implications of the findings, strengths, limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Lifetime Exposure to Adverse Events and Reinforcement Sensitivity in Obsessive–Compulsive Prone Individuals
Authors: Ceschi Grazia , Hearn Melissa , Billieux Joël , Linden Martial Van der 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA diathesis-stress perspective of obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) predicts that exposure to adverse events and personality dispositions jointly influence OCS. Gray and McNaughton's (2000) model of personality posits that, faced with challenging circumstances, individuals with a high sensitivity to punishment (SP) will be more prone to OCS because they cannot avoid the downward spiral into anxiety. The current study investigates OCS severity in relation to lifetime exposure to adverse events (AE), SP, and sensitivity to reward (SR) in 122 nonclinical adults. The results indicate that OCS severity is predicted by AE, SP and SR. Interestingly, the impact of adverse experiences is moderated by SR and not SP. These findings suggest that: (1) exposure to adverse events and SP are independent OCS risk factors, and (2) exposure to adverse events is more critical for reward dependent people. This is discussed in light of responsibility and ‘not just right experiences’ in OCS, along with the role of impulsivity in the obsessive-compulsive disorder spectrum.
Skills Training and Self-Esteem: Educational and Clinical Perspectives on Giving Feedback to Clinical Trainees
Authors: Green Heather J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSome education scholars view student self-esteem as very important to the learning process. However, in relation to clinical supervision, it has also been noted that supervisor overconcern about student self-esteem can lead to avoidance of negative feedback or giving feedback that is too vague to be useful. This article examines the role of self-esteem in relation to assessment and feedback practices in clinical training. A review of educational and clinical literature on self-esteem was undertaken, and suggested that differentiation between self-esteem and self-efficacy provides a more useful framework for supervisors than focus on self-esteem alone. Feedback about specific skills, and developing better coherence between supervisor and student assessment of the student's skills, are important components of clinical training. Suggestions are provided for guiding innovation in supervision and clinical training.
Self-Monitoring in the Treatment of Overweight Adolescents
Authors: Sandilands Mary , Brennan Leah , Walkley Jeff , Fraser Steve F. , Greenway Kate 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the quantity and quality of self-monitoring and per cent fat loss in overweight and obese adolescents participating in a weight-loss intervention. Participants were 55 (33F) over-weight and obese adolescents taking part in a 20-week cognitive–behavioural intervention aimed at improving eating and physical activity behaviours. Food and physical activity self-monitoring from the first 9 weeks of the intervention was coded using 24 components assessing the quantity (20) and quality (4) of self-monitoring. Those who completed treatment (n= 42) were split into groups: Losers (n= 30) and Gainers (n= 12) of per cent body fat as measured by DXA. Group analyses showed that Losers and Gainers could be differentiated by both quantitative and qualitative measures of self-monitoring. The strongest associations were with the classifications of food and drink items into food groups. The number of days monitored and the average number of items recorded did not differentiate the groups. Quantity and quality measures of self-monitoring completed early in treatment could also differentiate those who completed treatment and those who did not complete treatment (n= 13), and the strongest associations were with the amounts of food and drink items recorded, an association not found with treatment outcome. The results indicate that both quantity and quality of self-monitoring may be important predictors of both treatment completion and outcome. Based on these findings a framework of self-monitoring requirements is offered to reduce homework burden while maximising treatment efficacy.
Disintegration and dissolution kinetics of wood chips in ionic liquids
Authors: Viell Jörn , Marquardt Wolfgang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIonic liquids are able to dissolve polysaccharides and lignin, but there is only scarce knowledge about the dissolution of native wood. In the present paper, wood was dissolved by the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc). A quantitative balance of the dissolved compounds is presented and the investigations are complemented byin situmicroscopy of native wood in EMIMAc. The resulting dissolution kinetics in EMIMAc reveals distinct differences between spruce and beech. While particles of 0.1–0.5 mm of spruce dissolve slowly (up to 40% after 24 h), beech is dissolved more efficiently (75% after 24 h and 90% after 72 h). Wood chips of 10 mm length show similar dissolution kinetics and lignin yields of up to 10%. Microscopic studies reveal a disintegration of wood in EMIMAc into cells with large specific surface area, and differences in dissolution between spruce and beech were observed. These findings explain the size-independent dissolution of wood in EMIMAc and may open up new opportunities for the pretreatment of wood in ionic liquids.
Radical scavenging characteristics of condensed tannins from barks of various tree species compared with quebracho wood tannin
Authors: Makino Rei , Ohara Seiji , Hashida Koh 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The object of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the chemical structure of purified condensed tannin polymers from tree species and their radical scavenging characteristics. By means of 13C-NMR spectrometry and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), four kinds of proanthocyanidins were identified: prorobinetinidins, profisetinidins, procyanidins, and prodelphinidins. The tannins were submitted to radical scavenging assays with DPPH and galvinoxyl radicals and from the time-course of the reactions was concluded: 1) Tannins with pyrogallol type B-ring scavenge radicals in the beginning faster than those with catechol type B-ring. 2) Tannins with catechol type B-ring needs more time to scavenge the same amount of radicals as those with pyrogallol type B-ring. 3) The IC50 values of tannins with catechol type B-ring decrease after longer reaction times with the galvinoxyl radical. 4) Radical scavenging with DPPH radical proceeds faster than that for the galvinoxyl radical.
Effect of Physisporinus vitreus on wood properties of Norway spruce. Part 2: Aspects of microtensile strength and chemical changes
Authors: Lehringer Christian , Saake Bodo , Živković Vjekoslav , Richter Klaus , Militz Holger 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe biotechnological application of the white rot fungusPhysisporinus vitreusnamed “bioincising” is currently being investigated for permeability improvement of Norway spruce (Picea abies(L.) Karst.) wood. During short-term (<9 weeks) incubation, fungal activity induces degradation of pit membranes and a simultaneous alteration of the tracheid cell wall structure. In Part 1 of this article series, the occurrence of selective delignification and simultaneous degradation was shown by UV-microspectrophotometry (UMSP). Moreover, significant reduction of Brinell hardness was recorded after 7 and 9 weeks incubation. For a better understanding of the chemical alterations in the wood constituents and the corresponding changes of mechanical properties due to fungal activity, we applied microtensile tests on thin strips that were prepared from the surface of incubated Norway spruce wood. Indications for the occurrence of selective delignification and simultaneous degradation were evident. Determination of lignin content and carbohydrate analysis by borate anion exchange chromatography confirmed the results. The present study verifies the findings from Part 1 of this article series and from previously conducted microscopic investigations. Now, the degradation characteristics ofP. vitreusare established and the bioincising process can be further optimized with higher reliability.
Oxygen plasma-treated enzymatic hydrolysis lignin as a natural binder for manufacturing biocomposites
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyan , Tang Lijuan , Zheng Fei , Xue Gi , Du Guanben , Zhang Weidong , Lv Chenglong , Yong Qiang , Zhang Rong , Tang Bijun , Liu Xueyuan 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
This paper describes the investigation of the oxygen plasma treatment of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) that was obtained from the lignocellulosic ethanol production pro- cesses. The application of EHL as a natural binder for biocomposite product manufacturing was in focus. To understand the effects of oxygen plasma treatment, the chemical changes on the surface of EHL were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Adding EHL into the cotton-stalk fiberboards has a beneficial effect on physical and mechanical properties. Moreover, adding oxygen plasma-treated EHL produced a 69.2% increase of internal bond strength (IB), a 78.2% increase of modulus of rupture (MOR), and a 49.8% reduction of thickness swelling (TS). The bonding improvement was probably due to the generation of more oxygen-related functional groups and free radicals on the surface of EHL after the oxygen plasma treatment.
Dissolution of dissolving pulp in alkaline solvents after steam explosion pretreatments
Authors: Kihlman Martin , Wallberg Ola , Stigsson Lars , Germgård Ulf 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In this project different aqueous based solvent systems were investigated for the dissolution of steam exploded (STEX) dissolving pulps prior to a coagulation step for preparation of textile fibers. The pulp samples studied could, to a large degree, be dissolved in a NaOH/urea/thiourea system, but there are always residuals, irrespective of the conditions. The dissolution process appeared to be kinetically controlled, as prolonged retention time decreased the amount of residuals. A pre-cooled NaOH/urea/thiourea system, and a retention time of 60 h generated the lowest amount (6%) of residuals of the STEX pretreated dissolving pulp studied. Some fundamental results are described and a model for dissolution of dissolving pulp fibers is proposed.
An Investigation on Asphaltene Precipitation Potential for Light and Heavy Oils, During Natural Depletion
Authors: Hajizadeh Alireza , Ravari Reza Rostami , Amani Mahmood , Shedid Shedid A. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Asphaltene and wax deposition during production of many Iranian reservoirs has become a serious problem. In order to investigate the asphaltene precipitation behavior of various Iranian light and heavy oils and to predict their best method of prevention and/or curing the problem a comprehensive research study was launched. This article describes the precipitation potential of various reservoir oils, (8 samples, light and heavy) during their deposition. Three-phase equilibrium calculation of NGHIEM et al., is used. In the method pure asphaltene in the oil is considered as solid. The heavy part of the oil is split as precipitating and non-precipitating. The results of the study, which compares the onset and quantity of asphaltene precipitation of the oil samples revealed; a) the precipitation potential in the light oils depends strongly on the nature of asphaltene molecules in the oil which varies from one to another. b) Light oils behave in a more complicated fashion than heavy oils. c) The volatile oils were more unstable and the ratio of precipitation to the heavy fraction of the oil is highest. The paper describes the foregoing in detail.
A New Approach to Well Test Analysis
Authors: El-Khatib N. A. F. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
Interference tests are used to estimate reservoir properties such as transmissibility and storage coefficient. The conventional method of analysis which uses a plot of pressure vs. time on a semi-log graph is only applicable at relatively large times to allow for a logarithmic approximation to the Ei-function in the line source solution. At short times the type curve matching technique may be used but this procedure does not allow a fast systematic analysis using regression analysis subroutines via computer.
In this paper the line source solution of the diffusivity equation is differentiated and rearranged in such a way that a straight line relationship between the variables is obtained. This may be achieved by plotting log (t ∂p/∂t) vs. 1/t. The slope and intercept of the resulting straight line are used to estimate the transmissibility (kH/μ) and the storage coefficient (Cϕh) respectively.
The extension of the method to two-rate test analysis and pressure build-up analysis is also outlined.
The use of the method is illustrated by examples and the results are compared with those obtained from type curve matching and semi-log plots. It is concluded that this method is of particular significance for the analysis of interference tests with short duration and/or large distance between wells.
Application of General Material Balance on Gas Condensate Reservoirs GIIP Estimation
Authors: Siddiqui Fahd , Waqas Ghulam M. , Khan M. Noman 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Volatile oil and gas condensate reservoirs were uncommon before 1930s. Since then they have been discovered with increasing frequency. This is attributed to the increasing drilling depths. Recently there has been a growing interest in these near critical fluids reservoirs. Large number of discoveries made it imperative to implement the relevant methods to deal with such reservoirs.
Usual industrial practice in Pakistan is to use the P/Z plot to estimate the GIIP (Gas initially in place). This is the simplest method and does not require the set of PVT properties below the saturation pressure. However the P/Z method is limited in its application to only volumetric depletion type, dry gas, reservoirs. The general material balance equation gives reliable GIIP estimates, since it accounts for all drive mechanisms. Usually general material balance methods are not preferred in gas condensates, because these require standard PVT properties below the saturation pressure. These properties may be computed using Walsh-Towler algorithm, Whitson-Torp (K-value flash) method or Cubic Equation of State (EOS).
This paper demonstrates the application of Walsh-Towler algorithm and K-value flash method (Whitson-Torp method) to calculate the standard PVT properties below the saturation pressure for a gas condensate reservoir. Then the application of Havlena-Odeh and Cole plot methods is exhibited to estimate the GIIP. The results are then compared with that of P/Z plot and an 11% over-prediction by P/Z plot was observed.
Analytical tool for risk assessment of landscape and urban planning: Spatial development impact assessment
Authors: Rehak David , Senovsky Michail , Balog Karol , Dvorak Jiri 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
This article covers the issue of preventive protection of population, technical infrastructure, and the environment against adverse impacts of careless spatial development. In the first section, we describe the relationship between sustainable development and spatial development. This discussion is followed by a review of the current state of spatial development security, primarily at a national level in the Czech Republic. The remainder of the paper features our original contribution which is a tool for risk assessment in landscape and urban planning, the Spatial Development Impact Assessment (SDIA) tool. We briefly review the most significant semi-quantitative methods of risk analysis that were used as a starting point in implementing the tool, and we discuss several of SDIA’s salient features, namely, the assessment process algorithm, the catalogue of hazard and asset groups, and the spatial development impact matrix.
Major Symptom Score Utility Index for Patients with Acute Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Revicki Dennis A. , Margolis Mary Kay , Thompson Christine L. , Meltzer Eli O. , Sandor David W. , Shaw James W. 
Published: May 2011

Background Evaluation of acute rhinosinusitis treatment effectiveness is based on patient-reported relief of symptoms. This study was designed to develop a multiattribute utility scoring algorithm for the Major Symptom Score (MSS) and secondarily to evaluate the psychometric characteristics (i.e., validity and responsiveness) of the MSS Utility Index (MSSUI). Methods Adult patients with acute rhinosinusitis were recruited for this longitudinal observational study through primary care and specialist physician offices. One hundred ninety patients participated in a preference elicitation exercise for MSS health states. Resulting preference data were used to generate a utility scoring algorithm for the MSS. Participants completed the MSS and 20-Question Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20) at baseline and completed the MSS twice daily for 15 days via daily diary. On days 7 and 15, participants completed the MSS, SNOT-20, and Overall Treatment Effect scale and were evaluated by physicians via the Physician Global Improvement Scale (PGIS). Results At baseline, the mean ± SD. MSSUI score was 0.51 ± 0.17 and was negatively correlated with SNOT-20 scores (r = -0.58; p < 0.001). Days 2–8 average MSSUI scores were negatively correlated with day 7 SNOT-20 (r = -0.46; p < 0.001) and PGIS (r = -0.22; p < 0.001) scores; whereas days 9-15 average MSSUI scores were inversely related to day 15 SNOT-20 (r = -0.40; p < 0.001) and PGIS (r = -0.32, p < 0.001) scores. Mean MSSUI scores improved from baseline with effect sizes at days 7 and 15 of 0.82 and 1.20, respectively. Conclusion The MSSUI represents an acceptable and psychometrically sound patient-reported end point for clinical trials comparing treatments for acute rhinosinusitis.
Increased Expression of a Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 8 in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Park Il-Ho , Choi Seong Woong , Choi Hyuk , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Seung Hoon , Lee Sang Hag , Lee Heung-Man 
Published: May 2011

Background A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs) constitute a family of cell surface proteins containing disintegrin and metalloprotease domain, which associate features of adhesion molecules and proteases. ADAM8 is a member of the ADAM family and has recently been implicated to have a role in allergic lung inflammation. Therefore, our aims were to determine the expression of ADAM8 mRNA and protein and to localize ADAM8 protein in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis and control subjects. Methods Inferior turbinate mucosa samples were obtained from 20 patients with allergic rhinitis and 20 matched healthy normal controls. ADAM8 mRNA was extracted from the inferior turbinate mucosa, and then reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was performed. Western blot testing was used to analyze differences in the level of ADAM8 protein expression between patients with allergic rhinitis and normal controls, and the ADAM8 protein was localized with immunohistochemical staining. Results The level of expression of ADAM8 mRNA and protein in the nasal mucosa was significantly increased in patients with allergic rhinitis compared with normal controls. ADAM8 protein was expressed in the epithelium, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and submucosal glands. Conclusion ADAM8 is expressed in human nasal mucosa and is increased in patients with allergic rhinitis. These results suggest a possible contribution for ADAM8 in chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa in patients with allergic rhinitis.
Objective Usefulness of Thin Silastic Septal Splints after Septal Surgery
Authors: Jung Yong Gi , Hong Ji Won , Eun Young-Gyu , Kim Myung-Gu 
Published: May 2011

Background Silastic splints have been used as effective tools for septal support, avoiding adhesion, and mucosal healing after septal surgery. Furthermore, although many surgeons insert septal splints, no well-designed trials exist to support their use. A randomized double-blinded controlled trial was performed. Methods We recruited 40 subjects who had undergone septoplasty only without sinus surgery or turbinoplasty. A silastic septal splint was inserted in one side of the nasal cavity at the end of each septoplasty, with the other side serving as a control. The splint side and control side were randomly selected. Nasal discomfort score (10-point scale) and mucosal status (grades 1–4) were surveyed in a blinded setting on postoperative days 7 and 14. Results Forty of 83 subjects fulfilled the enrollment criteria. On the 7th postoperative day there was no significant difference in nasal discomfort between the splint and control sides (6.2 ± 1.28 and 5.7 ± 1.27, respectively; p = 0.116), but the mucosal status was better on the splint side than on the control side (1.5 ± 0.51 and 2.5 ± 0.85; p < 0.001). At 14 days postoperatively, the symptom score (2.7 ± 1.06 versus 3.8 ± 1.25; p < 0.001) and mucosal status (1.5 ± 0.55 versus 1.9 ± 0.68; p = 0.013) were significantly better on the splint side compared with the control side. Conclusion Insertion of a silastic septal splint after septal surgery should be accepted as a routine procedure.