bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focused fluid flow systems of the Zhongjiannan Basin and Guangle Uplift, South China Sea
Authors: Sun Qiliang , Wu Shiguo , Cartwright Joseph , Lüdmann Thomas , Yao Genshun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this article, we document a large number of focused fluid escape structures using high quality 2D seismic reflection data and multibeam bathymetry data from a poorly known area at the intersection of the northern South China Sea (SCS) and the western SCS. Three types of focused fluid escape systems are identified and described: mud volcanoes, pipes and associated pockmarks. The mud volcanoes occur singly or as clustered groups. The overpressure driving the mud volcanism is argued herein to be related to the generation of thermogenic hydrocarbons. The clustered distributions are related to localized tectonic uplift in the basin. Pipes mainly occur within the Guangle Uplift or accompany the mud volcano clusters. The pipes located within the Guangle Uplift are attributed to carbonate dissolution caused by hydrothermal fluids. Fluids ascended through these structures and were expelled at the palaeo‐seabed or present seabed forming palaeo‐pockmarks and present‐day pockmarks. Some ‘mega‐pockmarks’ show evidence of enlargement due to bottom currents. The marginal basins of the SCS are petroliferous, with attention gradually shifting to the deep‐water area. Our results show that fluid migration must be taken into account when assessing seabed stability. This analysis also improves our understanding the petroleum geology in the study area, and is also useful for predicating where chemosynthetic ecosystems may be located.
Component‐resolved diagnosis with commercially available D. pteronyssinus Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 10: relevant markers for house dust mite allergy
Authors: Bronnert M. , Mancini J. , Birnbaum J. , Agabriel C. , Liabeuf V. , Porri F. , Cleach I. , Fabre A. , Deneux I. , Grandné V. , Grob J.‐J. , Berbis P. , Charpin D. , Bongrand P. , Vitte J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundCommercially available house dust mite components may improve routine testing of allergic patients.ObjectiveTo establish the prevalence and serum levels of IgE to commercial Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 10 and the carbohydrate MUXF3 in house dust‐mite allergic patients. To compare individual vs. allergen microarray methods.MethodsPrevalence and serum levels of IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract and components Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 10 and MUXF3, specific IgG4 to D. pteronyssinus, total serum IgE levels, and clinical features (age, asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis) were determined in 123 patients (64 children) with the ImmunoCAP® method. ImmunoCAP ISAC® was performed in 24 patients.ResultsAll patients had serum IgE to D. pteronyssinus. Prevalences of serum IgE to commercial components were Der p 1 93%, Der p 2 77% (Der p 1 or Der p 2 94%), Der p 10 28% and MUXF3 25%. Levels of D. pteronyssinus IgE strongly correlated with Der p 1 and Der p 2 IgE (r = 0.89 and 0.85 respectively), but not Der p 10 and MUXF3. ImmunoCAP® and ImmunoCAP ISAC® were concordant, but the quantitative correlation was poor. No clinical implication for the prevalence, levels, or molecular IgE reactivity profile to house dust mite components was found.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceCommercially available Der p 1 and Der p 2 strongly correlate with IgE D. pteronyssinus. The lack of Der p 1 and Der p 2 IgE may help with differential diagnosis. Der p 10 serum IgE prevalence and levels suggest different patterns in food and mite‐related tropomyosin sensitization. Serum IgE to carbohydrate MUXF3, although unexpectedly prevalent, were low and did not modify D. pteronyssinus IgE levels. Follow‐up may be best carried out with individual rather than microarrayed components.
No metabolic impact of surgical normalization of hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women with ovarian androgen‐secreting tumours
Authors: Pelusi Carla , Forlani Giulia , Zanotti Laura , Gambineri Alessandra , Pasquali Renato 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimTo examine the impact of surgical normalization of testosterone on body weight and on glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in a group of hyperandrogenic women with ovarian androgen‐secreting tumours (OAST).MethodsFive consecutive postmenopausal hyperandrogenic patients (aged 63 ± 5 years) with a diagnosis of OAST were prospectively evaluated. Clinical signs, symptoms and metabolic and hormonal parameters were collected at the time of the diagnosis and at follow‐up, 12 months after surgical oophorectomy. A group of 15 age‐matched and body mass index‐matched postmenopausal control women served as a reference group.ResultsAt baseline, patients with OAST had very high testosterone levels and inappropriately low gonadotrophin levels for their menopausal status. All the women were overweight or obese, and one had a history of polycystic ovary syndrome and Type 2 diabetes. Twelve months after surgical oophorectomy, testosterone and gonadotrophin levels returned to appropriate values for menopausal status in all patients; however, no change in body weight was found. Fasting glucose levels slightly increased (P < 0·05) without any significant change in other metabolic parameters. In the woman with diabetes, a moderate decrease in haemoglobin A1c occurred. Red blood cell count and haematocrit values were normalized (P < 0·05, respectively).ConclusionNormalization of androgen levels achieved after surgical oophorectomy did not cause any significant change in body weight and insulin sensitivity. These findings may offer a different perspective on the impact of hyperandrogenaemia on metabolism.
Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma associated with atypical glandular cells on liquid‐based cervical cytology
Authors: Chummun K. , Fitzpatrick M. , Lenehan P. , Boylan P. , Mooney E. , Flannelly G. 
Published: May 2012

K. Chummun, M. Fitzpatrick, P. Lenehan, P. Boylan, E. Mooney and G. Flannelly  Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma associated with atypical glandular cells on liquid‐based cervical cytologyBackground:  In 2008, the management of women in Ireland with atypical glandular cells changed to immediate referral to colposcopy. The optimal management of these women is unclear. A balance between the detection of occult disease and overtreatment is required.Methods:  Our study aim was to document the experience of this policy at the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin. Information from the computerized data management system was analysed with the statistical package SPSS.Results:  In 2009, 156 women attended colposcopy following a single atypical glandular cell diagnosis on liquid‐based cytology. The mean age was 41 years. Thirty (19.2%) women had abnormal vaginal bleeding, 31 (19.9%) were smokers and 34 (21.8%) had received previous treatment. The colposcopy was satisfactory in 125 (80.1%) and unsatisfactory in 31 (19.9%). Cervical histology was available for 146 (93.6%) women: 57 excisional procedures and 89 diagnostic biopsies. Abnormal histology was detected in 46 women (31.5%). Four women (2.7%) had invasive cancer, five (3.4%) had adenocarcinoma in situ, 21 (14.4%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or 3 and 16 (11.0%) had CIN1. No abnormality was detected in 100 women (68.5%), including 35 (61.4%) of those who had undergone excisional procedures. The colposcopic impression in this group was unsatisfactory in 10 women (28.6%), glandular abnormalities in six (17.1%), high‐ and low‐grade changes in 12 (34.2%) and six (17.1%) women, respectively, and normal in one (2.9%). The findings were essentially negative in the remaining 10 women: overall, 30 (19.2%) of the 156 women referred to colposcopy had at least CIN2.Conclusion:  This study confirmed significant levels of high‐grade disease in women referred to colposcopy with atypical glandular cells on cytology. Concerns about undetected endocervical disease resulted in high levels of negative excisional biopsies. Alternative strategies, including endometrial sampling, human papillomavirus testing and discussion at clinicopathological meeting, should be considered.
Reovirus type‐2 infection in newborn DBA/1J mice reduces the development of late allergic asthma
Authors: Nakashima Tomomi , Hayashi Toshiharu , Mizuno Takuya 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to determine whether or not the development of a helper T (Th) 1 response induced by Reovirus type‐2 (Reo‐2) infection would protect against the development of Th2‐mediated late allergic asthma. This hypothesis was examined by infecting one day old neonatal DB A/1J mice with Reo‐2 in an ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced late asthma model. Compared with the controls (either infected or uninfected mice with or without OVA sensitization and/or OVA challenge), Reo‐2 infection lessened the magnitude of the subsequent allergic Th2‐mediated late asthma. In infected mice with allergic late asthma, there was decreased infiltration of interleukin (IL)‐4+, IL‐5+, IL‐13+ and very late antigen (VLA)‐4+ lymphocytes, and eotaxin‐2+ and VLA‐4+ eosinophils, in both bronchial and bronchiolar lesions. Also the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)‐1 and eotaxin‐2 on vascular endothelial cells was reduced. Moreover, the systemic production of IL‐4, IL‐5, tumour necrosis factor‐α and OVA‐specific IgE was reduced, whereas systemic IFN‐γ production was increased. In addition, there was no increase in IFN‐α production. Thus the present study suggests that systemic Reo‐2 infection at birth may reduce the development of subsequent late allergic asthma by the induction of a Th1 response. Therefore the potential suppressive mechanism(s) that might be induced by Reo‐2 infection in newborn mice and their effects on the development of late allergic asthma are discussed.
How occupational health care professionals experience evidence‐based guidelines in Finland: a qualitative study
Authors: Kinnunen‐Amoroso Maritta 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAims and objectives  Evidence‐based guidelines are currently the most relevant source of information in practice. The adherence to and use of guidelines is often influenced by attitudes towards the guidelines themselves, which have not been sufficiently explored in occupational health. This study examines the attitude of Finnish occupational nurses’ and doctors’ attitudes towards evidence‐based guidelines.Methods  Ten occupational doctors and eight occupational nurses were interviewed in Southern Finland on their attitudes towards evidence‐based guidelines in 2009.Results  The nurses were not very familiar with the concept of evidence‐based medicine. Rather, they used recommendations developed in their workplace or by their employer. The evidence base of these recommendations was not clear. The doctors considered the evidence‐based guidelines reliable and practical, but did not always act according to them. Participants felt that they did not have time to check guidelines during their working hours. Participants wished for clearer, shorter guidelines on occupational health care topics, which would help in their practical daily work and clarify roles in teamwork.Conclusions  Based on these positive attitudes, the use of guidelines may be more common than it seems. The viewpoints of all occupational health professional groups should be taken into account in guideline development, particularly on the availability and usability of the guidelines.
Effects of focused ion beam milling on electron backscatter diffraction patterns in strontium titanate and stabilized zirconia
Authors: SAOWADEE N. , AGERSTED K. , BOWEN J.R. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThis study investigates the effect of focused ion beam (FIB) current and accelerating voltage on electron backscatter diffraction pattern quality of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and Nb‐doped strontium titanate (STN) to optimize data quality and acquisition time for 3D‐EBSD experiments by FIB serial sectioning. Band contrast and band slope were used to describe the pattern quality. The FIB probe currents investigated ranged from 100 to 5000 pA and the accelerating voltage was either 30 or 5 kV. The results show that 30 kV FIB milling induced a significant reduction of the pattern quality of STN samples compared to a mechanically polished surface but yielded a high pattern quality on YSZ. The difference between STN and YSZ pattern quality is thought to be caused by difference in the degree of ion damage as their backscatter coefficients and ion penetration depths are virtually identical. Reducing the FIB probe current from 5000to 100 pA improved the pattern quality by 20% for STN but only showed a marginal improvement for YSZ. On STN, a conductive coating can help to improve the pattern quality and 5 kV polishing can lead to a 100% improvement of the pattern quality relatively to 30 kV FIB milling. For 3D‐EBSD experiments of a material such as STN, it is recommended to combine a high kV FIB milling and low kV polishing for each slice in order to optimize the data quality and acquisition time.
The structure of nanocomposite 1D cationic conductor crystal@SWNT
Authors: KISELEV N.A. , KUMSKOV A.S. , ZAKALYUKIN R.M. , VASILIEV A.L. , CHERNISHEVA M.V. , ELISEEV A.A. , KRESTININ A.V. , FREITAG B. , HUTCHISON J.L. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryNanocomposites consisting of one‐dimensional (1D) crystals of the cationic conductors CuI, CuBr and AgBr inside single‐walled carbon nanotubes, mainly (n, 0), were obtained using the capillary technique. 1D crystal structure models were proposed based on the high resolution transmission electron microscopy performed on a FEI Titan 80–300 at 80 kV with aberration correction. According to the models and image simulations there are two modifications of 1D crystal: hexagonal close‐packed bromine (iodine) anion sublattice (growth direction <001>) and 1D crystal cubic structure (growth direction <112>) compressed transversely to the nanotube (Dm∼1.33 nm) axis. Tentatively this kind of 1D crystal can be considered as monoclinic. One modification of the anion sublattice reversibly transforms into the other inside the nanotube, probably initiated by electron beam heating. As demonstrated by micrographs, copper or silver cations can occupy octahedral positions or are statistically distributed across two tetrahedral positions. A 1DAgBr@SWNT (18, 0; 19, 0) pseudoperiodic ‘lattice distortion' is revealed resulting from convolution of the nanotube wall function image with 1D cubic crystal function image.
EEG sigma and slow‐wave activity during NREM sleep correlate with overnight declarative and procedural memory consolidation
Authors: HOLZ JOHANNES , PIOSCZYK HANNAH , FEIGE BERND , SPIEGELHALDER KAI , BAGLIONI CHIARA , RIEMANN DIETER , NISSEN CHRISTOPH 
Published: May 2012

SummaryPrevious studies suggest that sleep‐specific brain activity patterns such as sleep spindles and electroencephalographic slow‐wave activity contribute to the consolidation of novel memories. The generation of both sleep spindles and slow‐wave activity relies on synchronized oscillations in a thalamo‐cortical network that might be implicated in synaptic strengthening (spindles) and downscaling (slow‐wave activity) during sleep. This study further examined the association between electroencephalographic power during non‐rapid eye movement sleep in the spindle (sigma, 12–16 Hz) and slow‐wave frequency range (0.1–3.5 Hz) and overnight memory consolidation in 20 healthy subjects (10 men, 27.1 ± 4.6 years). We found that both electroencephalographic sigma power and slow‐wave activity were positively correlated with the pre–post‐sleep consolidation of declarative (word list) and procedural (mirror‐tracing) memories. These results, although only correlative in nature, are consistent with the view that processes of synaptic strengthening (sleep spindles) and synaptic downscaling (slow‐wave activity) might act in concert to promote synaptic plasticity and the consolidation of both declarative and procedural memories during sleep.
The NtrY/X two‐component system of Brucella spp. acts as a redox sensor and regulates the expression of nitrogen respiration enzymes
Authors: Carrica Mariela del Carmen , Fernandez Ignacio , Martí Marcelo Adrián , Paris Gastón , Goldbaum Fernando Alberto 
Published: May 2012

SummaryBrucella spp. are facultative intracellular bacteria pathogenic for many mammalian species including humans, causing a disease called brucellosis. Learning how Brucella adapts to its intracellular niche is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis mechanism, allowing for the development of new and more effective vaccines and treatments against brucellosis. Brucella pathogenesis resides mostly in its ability to adapt to the harsh environmental conditions encountered during host infection such as the oxygen depletion. The mechanism by which Brucella senses the oxygen tension and triggers its environmental adaptation is unknown. In this work we show that the Brucella abortus NtrY/NtrX two‐component system is involved in oxygen sensing through a haem group contained in a Per‐ARNT‐SIM (PAS) domain of the NtrY histidine kinase. The NtrY haem iron can be reduced to the ferrous form and is rapidly oxidized to the ferric form in presence of oxygen. Importantly, we show that the oxidation state of the haem iron modulates the autokinase activity, being the anoxygenic reduced ferrous form the signalling state of NtrY. Also, we show that ntrY gene expression increases under low oxygen tension and that NtrY transfers its signal to its cognate response regulator NtrX, regulating in this way the expression of nitrogen respiration enzymes. Based on these findings, we postulate that NtrY acts as a redox sensor in Brucella spp.
Accumulation of a repulsive axonal guidance molecule RGMa in amyloid plaques: a possible hallmark of regenerative failure in Alzheimer's disease brains
Authors: Satoh J. , Tabunoki H. , Ishida T. , Saito Y. , Arima K. 
Published: May 2012

J. Satoh, H. Tabunoki, T. Ishida, Y. Saito and K. Arima (2013) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology39, 109–120Accumulation of a repulsive axonal guidance molecule RGMa in amyloid plaques: a possible hallmark of regenerative failure in Alzheimer's disease brainsAims: RGMa is a repulsive guidance molecule that induces the collapse of axonal growth cones by interacting with the receptor neogenin in the central nervous system during development. It remains unknown whether RGMa plays a role in the neurodegenerative process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesize that RGMa, if it is concentrated on amyloid plaques, might contribute to a regenerative failure of degenerating axons in AD brains. Methods: By immunohistochemistry, we studied RGMa and neogenin (NEO1) expression in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus of 6 AD and 12 control cases. The levels of RGMa expression were determined by qRT‐PCR and Western blot in cultured human astrocytes following exposure to cytokines and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. Results: In AD brains, an intense RGMa immunoreactivity was identified on amyloid plaques and in the glial scar. In the control brains, the glial scar and vascular foot processes of astrocytes expressed RGMa immunoreactivity, while oligodendrocytes and microglia were negative for RGMa. In AD brains, a small subset of amyloid plaques expressed a weak NEO1 immunoreactivity, while some reactive astrocytes in both AD and control brains showed an intense NEO1 immunoreactivity. In human astrocytes, transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGFβ1), Aβ1–40 or Aβ1–42 markedly elevated the levels of RGMa, and TGFβ1 also increased its own levels. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis validated the molecular interaction between RGMa and the C‐terminal fragment β of amyloid beta precursor protein (APP). Furthermore, recombinant RGMa protein interacted with amyloid plaques in situ. Conclusions: RGMa, produced by TGFβ‐activated astrocytes and accumulated in amyloid plaques and the glial scar, could contribute to the regenerative failure of degenerating axons in AD brains.
Spatial and temporal nature of reactive oxygen species production and programmed cell death in elm (Ulmus pumila L.) seeds during controlled deterioration
Authors: HU DIE , MA GANG , WANG QIONG , YAO JINGHAN , WANG YU , PRITCHARD HUGH W. , WANG XIAOFENG 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTSeed deterioration is poorly understood and remains an active area for research. Seeds of elm (Ulmus pumila L.) were aged at 37 °C above water [controlled deterioration treatment (CDT)] for various lengths of time to assess programmed cell death (PCD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) product in embryonic tissues during a 5 d period. The hallmarks of PCD were identified in the elm seeds during CDT including TUNEL experiments, DNA laddering, cytochrome c (cyt c) leakage and enzymatic activities. These analyses indicated that PCD occurred systematically and progressively in deteriorated elm seeds. Cyt c release and increase in caspase‐3‐like/DEVDase activity occurred during CDT, which could be suppressed by ascorbic acid (AsA) and caspase‐3 inhibitor Ac‐DEVD‐CHO, respectively. In situ localization of ROS production indicated that the distinct spatial‐temporal signature of ROS during CDT coincided with the changes in PCD hallmark features. Multiple antioxidant elements were activated during the first few days of CDT, but were subsequently depleted as PCD progressed. Taken together, our findings identify PCD as a key mechanism that occurs asymmetrically during elm seeds CDT and suggest an important role for PCD in seeds deterioration.
Photosynthetic limitations and volatile and non‐volatile isoprenoids in the poikilochlorophyllous resurrection plant Xerophyta humilis during dehydration and rehydration
Authors: BECKETT MEGAN , LORETO FRANCESCO , VELIKOVA VIOLETA , BRUNETTI CECILIA , DI FERDINANDO MARTINA , TATTINI MASSIMILIANO , CALFAPIETRA CARLO , FARRANT JILL M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe investigated the photosynthetic limitations occurring during dehydration and rehydration of Xerophyta humilis, a poikilochlorophyllous resurrection plant, and whether volatile and non‐volatile isoprenoids might be involved in desiccation tolerance. Photosynthesis declined rapidly after dehydration below 85% relative water content (RWC). Raising intercellular CO2 concentrations during desiccation suggest that the main photosynthetic limitation was photochemical, affecting energy‐dependent RuBP regeneration. Imaging fluorescence confirmed that both the number of photosystem II (PSII) functional reaction centres and their efficiency were impaired under progressive dehydration, and revealed the occurrence of heterogeneous photosynthesis during desiccation, being the basal leaf area more resistant to the stress. Full recovery in photosynthetic parameters occurred on rehydration, confirming that photosynthetic limitations were fully reversible and that no permanent damage occurred. During desiccation, zeaxanthin and lutein increased only when photosynthesis had ceased, implying that these isoprenoids do not directly scavenge reactive oxygen species, but rather protect photosynthetic membranes from damage and consequent denaturation. X. humilis was found to emit isoprene, a volatile isoprenoid that acts as a membrane strengthener in plants. Isoprene emission was stimulated by drought and peaked at 80% RWC. We surmise that isoprene and non‐volatile isoprenoids cooperate in reducing membrane damage in X. humilis, isoprene being effective when desiccation is moderate while non‐volatile isoprenoids operate when water deficit is more extreme.