bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient routing and centralized scheduling algorithms for IEEE 802.16 Mesh Networks
Authors: Lo Shou‐Chih , Ou Lyu‐Chen 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYAn IEEE 802.16 wireless system can provide broadband wireless access to subscriber stations and operate in mesh mode. The communication between a subscriber station and a base station can pass through one or more intermediate subscriber stations. The IEEE 802.16 standard provides a centralized scheduling mechanism that supports contention‐free and resource‐guarantee transmission services in mesh mode. However, the corresponding algorithm to this schedule is quite primitive in the standard. In this paper, we propose a more efficient way to realize this schedule by maximizing channel utilization. Our designs are divided into two phases: routing and scheduling. First, a routing tree topology is constructed from a given mesh topology by our proposed tree construction algorithm. Secondly, we allocate channel resources to the edges in the routing tree by our proposed scheduling algorithm. To further support the quality‐of‐service schedule, we extend our designs by addressing some issues such as service class, admission control and fairness. Simulation results show the superiority of our proposed algorithms over others. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal guaranteed cost stabilization of networked systems with bounded random packet losses
Authors: Zhang Wen‐An , Yu Li 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with the optimal guaranteed cost stabilizing controller design problem for a class of networked control systems (NCSs) with random packet losses. The number of consecutive packet losses is assumed to be upper bounded, and the closed‐loop NCS is described as a discrete‐time stochastic delay system with a time‐varying input delay and a stochastic parameter. A sufficient condition is derived for the closed‐loop NCS to be exponentially stable and achieve an optimal guaranteed cost performance level. The relationships among the exponential decay rate, the guaranteed cost performance level, and two parameters characterizing the random packet losses, namely, the packet loss probability and the maximal number of consecutive packet losses, are simultaneously established in the obtained condition. Furthermore, design procedures for the state feedback stabilizing controllers are also presented. Finally, an illustrative example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved approach for passive stability of discrete‐time Markovian jump linear systems via mode‐dependent time‐delayed controllers
Authors: Lu Kunfeng , Mahmoud Magdi S. , Qiu Jiqing 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we investigate the problem of passive stability for discrete‐time Markovian jump linear systems via mode‐dependent time‐delayed controllers by employing an improved free‐weighting matrix approach. A Markov process as discrete‐time, discrete‐state Markov process is considered. First, a new result of mode‐dependent stability analysis is first established for error systems without ignoring any terms in the derivative of Lyapunov–Krasovskii function by considering the relationship between the time‐varying delay and its upper bound. Then, the delay‐dependent passivity criterion is provided and a mode‐dependent time‐delayed controller is designed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and less conservativeness of our proposed method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public–private partnerships: Perspectives on purposes, publicness, and good governance
Authors: Brinkerhoff Derick W. , Brinkerhoff Jennifer M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPublic–private partnerships (PPPs) have long been advocated and analyzed as organizational solutions to pressing societal problems that call for the comparative advantages of government, business, and civil society. However, ongoing questions remain about how to design, manage, and assess PPPs. The large literature on PPPs suffers from conceptual imprecision, and is weakly integrated. This article seeks to address these problems. It offers a discussion of partnership definitions and builds a framework that examines the features of PPPs as they relate to achieving particular purposes: policy, service delivery, infrastructure, capacity building, and economic development. The article summarizes the contributions to the symposium: social enterprise PPPs that target poverty reduction, health service delivery partnerships with faith‐based organizations, diasporas as partners for international development, the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, and the Better Factories Cambodia partnership. In examining cross‐cutting themes, the analysis focuses on publicness and potential to promote international norms associated with good governance. Conclusions address the role of new partners in PPPs, the difficulties in finding a balance of interests and incentives among partners, the implications of embodying and promoting international good governance norms and values, the different sources of authority that operate within PPPs, and the trade‐offs among PPPs' advantages. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profits and alms: Cross‐sector partnerships for global poverty reduction
Authors: Goldsmith Arthur A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA growing movement commends a targeted business‐oriented approach as the best chance to reduce global poverty. It offers the promise of dual returns—empowerment for the world's neediest citizens and earned income for investors in pro‐poor ventures at the same time. This appealing vision may underplay the importance of multi‐stakeholder collaboration to make it work. There is no unambiguous free‐standing business paradigm for helping the poor better themselves. A review of previously documented cases shows the market‐oriented approach can reach low‐income and socially excluded households, but the payoff usually depends on cross‐sector subsidies from non‐profit or government organizations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating the strength of faith: Potential comparative advantages of faith‐based organizations providing health services in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Lipsky Alyson B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGovernments and funding agencies are increasingly partnering with faith‐based organizations (FBOs) to deliver sought after health services in sub‐Saharan Africa. Despite the fact that FBOs have been major providers of health services for hundreds of years, governments and funding agencies are increasingly seeking to formally partner with them, understanding that they can be found in most communities around the world, and may also be more effective than other types of non‐governmental organizations (NGOs). However, there is currently no comprehensive theoretical framework to compare faith‐based and secular non‐profits. This article proposes an analytic framework for identifying potential FBO comparative advantages above and beyond those of NGOs, looking specifically at FBO health service delivery in sub‐Saharan Africa. This article suggests that the most important comparative advantage that FBOs bring to health service delivery in sub‐Saharan Africa is moral and ethical standing. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
David and Goliath: Diaspora organizations as partners in the development industry
Authors: Brinkerhoff Jennifer M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDiasporas are a potential resource for development and are receiving more attention from governments, international donors, and other development actors. Increasing rapprochement among these actors for the purpose of development may yield a mix of costs and benefits, depending on how it evolves. This article draws lessons from NGOs' experience; identifies diasporas' potential comparative advantages for development; illuminates limitations to their instrumentalization by these actors; and provides assessment tools and frameworks for informing strategic partnerships that can sustain diasporas' organization identity over time. Attention to diasporas as potential development actors rarely moves beyond remittances, though diasporas may embody a range of significant comparative advantages. For example, diasporans may come from the poorest, most marginalized places in their country of origin (COO), and may be the only actors with sustained reach and interest into these locations and populations. The analysis focuses on informing DOs' decision‐making with respect to strategically partnering with governments and donors to advance shared development aims. On their part, if donors and governments seek to maximize diaspora development contributions rather than rushing to instrumentalize diasporas, they would do well simply to embrace diasporans as independent partners, not extensions of their own agendas. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limited partnership: Business, government, civil society, and the public in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)
Authors: Aaronson Susan Ariel 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article assesses the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), a public‐private partnership designed to help resource‐rich countries avoid corruption in the management of extractive industry revenues. Thirty‐two nations have adopted EITI, and the numbers of implementing nations are rapidly increasing. However, the EITI partnership is not as effective as it could be for three reasons. First, the partners (governments, civil society, and business) have different visions of EITI. Second, some implementing governments have not allowed civil society to participate fully in the process or have not consistently provided civil society with the information they need to hold their governments to account. In this regard it is a limited partnership. Third, in many participating countries, the public and legislators may not be aware of EITI. Thus, although public participation is essential to the success and potential positive spillovers of EITI, the public is essentially a silent partner, limiting the ability of the EITI to succeed as a counterweight to corruption. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public–private partnership in labor standards governance: Better factories Cambodia
Authors: Wetterberg Anna 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe growth of outsourcing in apparel manufacturing has raised concerns about increasingly exploitative working conditions. Given the failure of existing enforcement mechanisms, we need to look to alternate institutional structures to address the global challenge of declining labor standards. This paper examines the case of Better Factories Cambodia (BFC), a public–private partnership (PPP) that has effectively protected workers' rights through collaboration between the Government of Cambodia, the International Labour Organization, and multi‐national apparel firms. Prior to the BFC, none of these actors was able to independently draw up and enforce stronger standards through effective monitoring. In collaboration, however, this mix of private, state, and inter‐governmental organizations have been able to achieve the twin goals of stronger labor protections and effective enforcement by building on each partner's distinct organizational strengths. While this case may have broader relevance, its successes are tempered by dependence on a single industry and on buyers' preferences for inspected production sites. Further, similar partnerships may not emerge without strong state intervention to demonstrate their positive outcomes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of graphene/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties and water resistance
Authors: Wang Jingchao , Wang Xianbao , Xu Chunhui , Zhang Min , Shang Xiaopeng 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe control and dispersal of graphene nanosheets in polymer hosts are challenges in the development of high‐performance graphene‐based nanocomposites due to the strong interlayer cohesive energy and surface inertia. Here we report a simple and practical approach to synthesize graphene‐reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite films by incorporating graphene oxide and graphene into PVA aqueous solution. The resulting nanocomposites revealed increases of up to 212% in tensile strength and 34% in elongation at break with only 0.5 wt% graphene content. Water absorption measurements showed that the water absorption ratio of the graphene/PVA composites decreased from 105.2 to 48.8%, and the barrier properties were obviously improved. Contact angle measurements showed that the composites were hydrophobic (θ > 90°) in contrast to the highly hydrophilic (θ < 90°) pure PVA. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of chiral stationary phase via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of vinylated cellulose 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate
Authors: Bae In‐Ae , Park Jung‐Hyun , Choi Seong‐Ho 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA polysaccharide‐immobilized chiral stationary phase (CSP) was prepared by the surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP), in pyridine, of cellulose 2,3‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate), having a polymerizable vinyl group, on the surface of SiO2 support. The successful preparation of the CSP was confirmed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis and thermal analysis. The chiral recognition ability of the prepared CSP was evaluated with high‐performance liquid chromatography using 10 racemates with various mobile phases of hexane/alcohol, hexane/tetrahydrofuran and hexane/chloroform. As a result, this CSP prepared using SI‐ATRP can be used in tetrahydrofuran and chloroform solutions as eluents. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
IκB‐Kinase‐ε (IKKε/IKKi/IκBKε) expression and localization in prostate cancer tissues
Authors: Péant Benjamin , Forest Valérie , Trudeau Vincent , Latour Mathieu , Mes‐Masson Anne‐Marie , Saad Fred 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdvanced prostate cancer (PCa) remains a one of the leading causes of cancer related death and is often due to the progression from a hormone sensitive (HS) to a castrate resistant (CR) state for which therapeutic alternatives remain palliative. Molecular events involved in the progression to CR‐PCa remain largely unknown. A previous study reported significantly higher levels of Iκ‐B kinase‐epsilon (IKKε) expression in CR compared to androgen‐responsive cell lines. In the present study, we evaluate IKKε expression in human prostate tissue.METHODSIn order to evaluate the modulation of IKKε expression in PCa tissue IKKε immunostaining was performed on paraffin‐embedded prostate tissue microarrays containing cores from normal tissues (n = 47), non‐malignant tissues adjacent to the tumor (n = 53), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) (n = 28), HS (n = 62), and CR tumors (n = 31).RESULTSWe found a low cytoplasmic expression of IKKε in non‐malignant tissue. HS tumors showed a significant increase in cytoplasmic IKKε expression compared to non‐malignant tissues. CR tissues presented the highest cytoplasmic IKKε expression levels. We also report, for the first time, the presence of a nuclear localization of IKKε in prostate epithelial cells, in particular we observed an increase of IKKε nuclear localization in HS malignant tissues. Finally, we found a strong link between an increase of IKKε cytoplasmic expression in PCa and metastatic progression.CONCLUSIONThis study strongly suggests the role of IKKε as a PCa oncogene that may be involved in the emergence of a CR state. Prostate 71:1131–1138, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate cancer outcome and tissue levels of metal ions
Authors: Sarafanov Andrey G. , Todorov Todor I. , Centeno José A. , Macias Virgilia , Gao Weihua , Liang Wei‐Min , Beam Craig , Gray Marion A. , Kajdacsy‐Balla André A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere are several studies examining prostate cancer and exposure to cadmium, iron, selenium, and zinc. Less data are available on the possible influence of these metal ions on prostate cancer outcome. This study measured levels of these ions in prostatectomy samples in order to examine possible associations between metal concentrations and disease outcome.METHODSWe obtained formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of prostatectomy samples of 40 patients with PSA recurrence, matched 1:1 (for year of surgery, race, age, Gleason grading, and pathology TNM classification) with tissue blocks from 40 patients without recurrence (n = 80). Case–control pairs were compared for the levels of metals in areas adjacent to tumors. Inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was used for quantification of Cd, Fe, Zn, and Se.RESULTSPatients with biochemical (PSA) recurrence of disease had 12% lower median iron (95 µg/g vs. 111 µg/g; P = 0.04) and 21% lower zinc (279 µg/g vs. 346 µg/g; P = 0.04) concentrations in the normal‐appearing tissue immediately adjacent to cancer areas. Differences in cadmium (0.489 µg/g vs. 0.439 µg/g; 4% higher) and selenium (1.68 µg/g vs. 1.58 µg/g; 5% higher) levels were not statistically significant in recurrence cases, when compared to non‐recurrences (P = 0.40 and 0.21, respectively).CONCLUSIONSThere is an association between low zinc and low iron prostate tissue levels and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Whether these novel findings are a cause or effect of more aggressive tumors, or whether low zinc and iron prostatic levels raise implications for therapy, remains to be investigated. Prostate 71:1231–1238, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Field evaluation of reduced insecticide spray programs for managing plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Alabama peaches
Authors: Akotsen‐Mensah Clement , Boozer Robert T , Fadamiro Henry Y 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Plum curculio (PC), Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst.), is an important pest of peaches in the southeastern United States. Commercially acceptable control of this insect is typically achieved by weekly or biweekly application of broad‐spectrum conventional insecticides, resulting in 6–12 sprays per season. Experiments were conducted in a peach orchard in Alabama during 2007–2009 to compare the conventional calendar‐based insecticide spray program involving weekly applications of phosmet with three different reduced spray programs using three targeted (well‐timed) insecticide sprays (TIS) of phosmet, permethrin or thiamethoxam applied in an alternated fashion.RESULTS: All three TIS programs significantly reduced PC damage at harvest compared with the untreated control in two of the three years (2008 and 2009). Fruit damage due to stink bugs, which are emerging pests of peaches in the region, was also significantly reduced in the TIS programs in both years. In a separate trial in which one of the TIS programs (three targeted sprays of phosmet) was evaluated in a larger peach block in 2009, percentage fruit damage due to PC increased from < 1% in June to ∼4% in late July.CONCLUSION: All the TIS programs evaluated provided effective control of PC and represent potential alternatives to the conventional weekly spray program in peaches with concomitant reduction in insecticide usage and associated costs. However, an additional spray may be necessary for effective control of PC and stink bugs in late‐season peach varieties. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of foliar and soil formulations of neonicotinoid insecticides for control of potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), in wine grapes
Authors: Van Timmeren Steven , Wise John C , VanderVoort Christine , Isaacs Rufus 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The potential of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides to control potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), a damaging pest of wine grapes in the eastern United States, was investigated. Soil or foliar applications were made to potted or field‐grown vines, and the response of leafhoppers was determined in clip cages over the following month on young or mature leaves.RESULTS: Foliar application of imidacloprid caused immediate and long‐lasting reductions in E. fabae survival on both leaf ages, whereas the activity of soil‐applied imidacloprid was delayed. Clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam all provided long‐lasting reduction in leafhopper survival on young and mature foliage when applied through either delivery route. However, the percentage of moribund nymphs was significantly greater on foliar‐treated vines and increased over time in mature and immature leaves compared with soil‐treated vines. Residue analysis of foliar‐applied imidacloprid showed an 89% decline in mature leaves from day 1 to day 27, and a 98% decline in immature leaves over the same time period. Comparison of soil‐applied clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in field‐grown vines showed significant reduction in E. fabae only on mature leaves of vines treated with thiamethoxam.CONCLUSIONS: Neonicotinoids can control E. fabae in small vines, even in rapidly expanding foliage where this pest causes greatest injury. Soil application provides superior long‐term vine protection because declining residues on foliar‐treated vines lead to suboptimal activity within 2–3 weeks. Vineyard managers of susceptible cultivars may take advantage of this approach to E. fabae management by using foliar applications of the three neonicotinoids tested here, or by using soil‐applied thiamethoxam. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Resistance to HPPD‐inhibiting herbicides in a population of waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) from Illinois, United States
Authors: Hausman Nicholas E , Singh Sukhvinder , Tranel Patrick J , Riechers Dean E , Kaundun Shiv S , Polge Nicholas D , Thomas David A , Hager Aaron G 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: A population of waterhemp in a seed maize production field in central Illinois, United States, was not adequately controlled after post‐emergence applications of herbicides that inhibit 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD).RESULTS: Progeny from the field population survived following treatment with mesotrione, tembotrione or topramezone applied to the foliage either alone or in combination with atrazine in greenhouse experiments. Dose–response experiments indicated that the level of resistance to the HPPD inhibitor mesotrione is at least tenfold relative to sensitive biotypes.CONCLUSION: These studies confirm that waterhemp has evolved resistance to HPPD‐inhibiting herbicides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of the electron probe microanalysis in nitride‐based heterostructures investigation
Authors: Kuznetsova Yana , Baidakova Marina , Flegontova Ekaterina , Kuznetsov Anton , Sitnikova Alla , Zamoryanskaya Maria 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe aim of this work was development of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) technique suitable for composition determination of nanoscale layers. Proposed technique allows to determine the content of thin layers lying beneath the surface including single quantum wells (SQWs). The method is based on Monte‐Carlo numerical simulations. Application of this technique to the nitride heterostructures with SQWs and multiple quantum wells (MQWs) was demonstrated. Peculiarities of the method are discussed.magnified image
Electron trajectories in GaN sample with In0.1Ga0.9N single quantum well. Simulation was made by Monte‐Carlo method.