bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trichobezoar Obstruction after Stapled Jejunal Anastomosis in a Dog
Authors: CAROBBI BARBARA , FOALE ROBERT D. , WHITE RICHARD A. S. 
Published: April 2009

Objective— To describe an unusual long‐term complication of circular end‐to‐end anastomosis (CEEA) stapling in a dog.Study Design— Clinical case report.Animal— An 11‐year‐old, female neutered, Labrador Retriever.Methods— The dog was referred for clinical signs of bowel obstruction. An enterectomy was performed 2 years before presentation using a CEEA stapling device. Palpation, plain radiographs, and ultrasound of the abdomen confirmed the presence of a mass in the bowel, causing obstruction, and requiring surgical approach.Results— An exploratory celiotomy revealed a 5 cm mass in the jejunum, involving the site of the previous surgery. The mass was removed by enterectomy. Dissection of the mass revealed the presence of many staples at the previous enterectomy site, and a trichobezoar entangled in the exposed parts of the staples.Conclusions— An enterectomy was required to treat an intestinal obstruction caused by a trichobezoar entangled in a CEEA‐stapled anastomosis.Clinical Relevance— Development of trichobezoar and subsequent bowel obstruction should be considered an unusual but potential long‐term complication of CEEA‐stapled anastomosis.
Ventricular Fibrillation Induced with Programmed Stimulation: Clinical Substrate and Prognosis
Authors: WILSON JOHN H. , KYREAKAKIS ANTHONY , MALONEY JAMES D. 
Published: April 2009

The implications of ventricular fibrillation induced during elect rophysiologic testing are unclear. To determine the profile of patients in whom this arrhythmia occurs and to determine whether it has any prognostic value, follow‐up data were obtained on all patients in whom this arrhythmia was in duced in our laboratory during a ventricular stimulation protocol over an 18‐month period. Of 836 patients tested, 29 (27 men and 2 women) had inducible ventricular fibrillation. Most (52%) had coronary disease and 12 (41%) had suffered a prior myocardial infarction. All but 3 had some form of heart disease. Sixteen (55%) had abnormal left ventricular function. Eleven (38%) presented with spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Eight others had a history of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia.Follow‐up was obtained for a mean of 12 months.In spite of therapy, 2 patients died an arrhythmic death, 1 was resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation, 1 had spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia, 4 had inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia, 2 continued to have inducible ventricular fibrillation at second study, and 1 had recurrent syncope. Five patients had ventricular fibrillation induced on multiple occasions.Ventricular fibrillation induced during electraphysiologic study was found primarily in patients with structural heart disease and appeared reasonably reproducible. When reproducible, ventricular fibrillation appears to indicate a poor prognosis rather than an aspecific finding. The clinical profile of our poor prognosis group includes a history of prior ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation and the presence of coronary artery disease.
Granular cell atypical fibroxanthoma: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Wright Natalie A. , Thomas Crystal G. , Calame Antoanella , Cockerell Clay J. 
Published: April 2009

We present a case of granular cell atypical fibroxanthoma of the scalp. The neoplasm occurred as a tender nodule on the frontal scalp of an 82‐year‐old Caucasian man. Histology demonstrated a diffuse proliferation of atypical epithelioid cells with abundant granular cytoplasm. Many of the cells had large irregular nuclei and atypical mitotic figures were present. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD68 and procollagen 1 and negative for cytokeratin, HMB‐45 and S‐100 protein. The granular cell phenotype has been observed in other cutaneous neoplasms including granular cell tumors, dermatofibromas, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, fibrous papules, basal cell carcinomas, leiomyosarcomas, angiosarcomas and primitive polypoid granular cell tumors. We discuss the differential diagnosis and review the previously reported cases of this rare variant of atypical fibroxanthoma.Wright NA, Thomas CG, Calame A, Cockerell CJ. Granular cell atypical fibroxanthoma: case report and review of the literature.
The Beholder's Eye: Vision and Perception in Afterimage Studies of Attitude Change
Authors: Clevering Jessica B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProminent studies using the afterimage in attitude change were reviewed and critiqued using a closer understanding of the physiology of the eye. Given the way that the eye creates afterimages, it is suggested that Moscovici and Personaz’ (1980) original findings could be re‐interpreted. Using evidence from subsequent work on the afterimage effect, the author suggests a re‐interpretation using Nemeth's (1986) divergent thinking hypothesis. Possible explanations of blue‐green afterimage experiments and opportunities for future research are explored.
PERVERSION: ‘YOUR BALLS OR YOUR LIFE’– LESSONS BY ESTELA WELLDON
Authors: Verhaeghe Paul 
Published: April 2009

abstractThis paper highlights three important combined subjects in Estela Welldon's theory: perversion and depression, perversion and anxiety and perversion and motherhood. The underlying argument is that annihilation anxiety is central for the pervert and not castration anxiety. This annihilation anxiety goes back to a particular relationship between mother and child, which explains at the same time the ever‐present threat of depression.
MYTHOLOGIES AND STEREOTYPES – A WOMAN'S LOT?
Authors: Kennedy Helena 
Published: April 2009

abstractIn this article the author, a human rights lawyer, pays tribute to the influence that Estela Welldon's work has had beyond the consulting room. Contrary to the prevailing view held in society as a whole, and particularly propounded by feminists who viewed women's abusive behaviour only within the context of a patriarchal society, Welldon's views helped her to understand women's violent and perverse behaviour. The article outlines some ways in which legislation concerning crimes committed both against and by women has changed in the last 20 years. However, mythologies around ‘good womanhood’ which permeate decision‐making still abound. The article notes areas in which society's attitude to women is still prejudicial.
THINKING THE UNTHINKABLE: FACING MATERNAL ABUSE
Authors: Motz Anna 
Published: April 2009

abstractThis paper describes how the radical concept of maternal perversion first presented by Estela Welldon (1988) informs the psychotherapeutic assessment and treatment of female inpatients within forensic services and of women in the community who commit acts of violence. It presents a model of the psychology of female violence that the author describes as ‘crimes against the body’. The paper offers clinical evidence for Welldon's model of female perversion in forensic settings and provides an extended clinical illustration of psychotherapeutic work, when the therapist was pregnant, with a woman who killed her child.
SEX, GENDER AND VIOLENCE: ESTELA WELLDON'S CONTRIBUTION TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE
Authors: Gilligan James 
Published: April 2009

abstractEstela Welldon's analyses of female violence show that we cannot understand any violence, including that of men, without understanding that of women. Past research has identified shame and humiliation as a necessary, but not sufficient, cause of violence. Why, then, are women not more violent than men since they are often treated as inferior to men? Because both sexes are honoured for conforming to the gender role into which they are socialized, and are shamed for behaving in ways assigned to the other sex. Men are honoured for being perpetrators and victims of violence, and hence ‘violence‐objects’, and shamed for non‐violence. Women, by contrast, are honoured for sexual chastity and non‐violence, and shamed for having sex outside marriage, behaving violently, or in any other way behaving like a man. They thus become ‘sex‐objects’ (having renounced their sexual subjectivity), and will become violent only if (like Medea), they have already been shamed so severely and irretrievably that they have nothing more to lose by resorting to violence.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PEDAGOGIC INTERVENTIONS IN FIRST‐YEAR ACADEMIC DEVELOPMENT AND MAINSTREAM COURSES IN MICROECONOMICS
Authors: Smith Leonard C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper analyses the impact of pedagogic interventions in first‐year academic development and mainstream courses in microeconomics on students' performance in the final examination. The data for six cohorts, covering the years 1999 and 2001‐2005, are pooled, and the Heckman two‐part procedure is used to account for those students who started the course but did not write the final examination. The results suggest that the pedagogic interventions have a positive impact on the performance of academic development students relative to the mainstream cohort and on the performance of mainstream students.
Genomic Profiling of Chondrosarcoma: Chromosomal Patterns in Central and Peripheral Tumors
Authors: Hallor Karolin H. , Staaf Johan , Bovée Judith V.M.G. , Hogendoorn Pancras C.W. , Cleton-Jansen Anne-Marie , Knuutila Sakari , Savola Suvi , Niini Tarja , Brosjö Otte , Bauer Henrik C.F. , Vult von Steyern Fredrik , Jonsson Kjell , Skorpil Mikael , Mandahl Nils , Mertens Fredrik 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurpose: Histologic grade is currently the best predictor of clinical course in chondrosarcoma patients. Grading suffers, however, from extensive interobserver variability and new objective markers are needed. Hence, we have investigated DNA copy numbers in chondrosarcomas with the purpose of identifying markers useful for prognosis and subclassification.Experimental Design: The overall pattern of genomic imbalances was assessed in a series of 67 chondrosarcomas using array comparative genomic hybridization. Statistical analyses were applied to evaluate the significance of alterations detected in subgroups based on clinical data, morphology, grade, tumor size, and karyotypic features. Also, the global gene expression profiles were obtained in a subset of the tumors.Results: Genomic imbalances, in most tumors affecting large regions of the genome, were found in 90% of the cases. Several apparently distinctive aberrations affecting conventional central and peripheral tumors, respectively, were identified. Although rare, recurrent amplifications were found at 8q24.21-q24.22 and 11q22.1-q22.3, and homozygous deletions of loci previously implicated in chondrosarcoma development affected the CDKN2A, EXT1, and EXT2 genes. The chromosomal imbalances in two distinct groups of predominantly near-haploid and near-triploid tumors, respectively, support the notion that polyploidization of an initially hyperhaploid/hypodiploid cell population is a common mechanism of chondrosarcoma progression. Increasing patient age as well as tumor grade were associated with adverse outcome, but no copy number imbalance affected metastasis development or tumor-associated death.Conclusion: Despite similarities in the overall genomic patterns, the present findings suggest that some regions are specifically altered in conventional central and peripheral tumors, respectively.
Effects of Physical Activity and Restricted Energy Intake on Chemically Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis
Authors: Jiang Weiqin , Zhu Zongjian , Thompson Henry J. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
In the field of energetics and cancer, little attention has been given to whether energy balance directed interventions designed to regulate body weight by increasing energy expenditure versus reducing energy intake have an equivalent effect on the development of breast cancer. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects on mammary carcinogenesis of physical activity (PA), achieved via running on an activity wheel, or restricted energy intake (RE). Food intake of PA and RE rats was controlled so that both groups had the same net energy balance determined by growth rate, which was 92% of the sedentary control group (SC). A total of 135 female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (50 mg/kg) and 7 days thereafter were randomized to either SC, PA, or RE. Mammary cancer incidence was 97.8%, 88.9%, and 84.4% and cancer multiplicity was 3.66, 3.11, and 2.64 cancers/rat in SC, RE, and PA, respectively (SC versus PA, P = 0.02 for incidence and P = 0.03 for multiplicity). Analyses of mammary carcinomas revealed that cell proliferation–associated proteins were reduced and caspase-3 activity and proapoptotic proteins were elevated by PA or RE relative to SC (P &lt; 0.05). It was observed that these effects may be mediated, in part, by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and down-regulation of protein kinase B and the mammalian target of rapamycin.
Cruciferous Vegetable Feeding Alters UGT1A1 Activity: Diet- and Genotype-Dependent Changes in Serum Bilirubin in a Controlled Feeding Trial
Authors: Navarro Sandi L. , Peterson Sabrina , Chen Chu , Makar Karen W. , Schwarz Yvonne , King Irena B. , Li Shuying S. , Li Lin , Kestin Mark , Lampe Johanna W. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Chemoprevention by isothiocyanates from cruciferous vegetables occurs partly through up-regulation of phase II conjugating enzymes, such as UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT). UGT1A1 glucuronidates bilirubin, estrogens, and several dietary carcinogens. The UGT1A1*28 polymorphism reduces transcription compared with the wild-type, resulting in decreased enzyme activity. Isothiocyanates are metabolized by glutathione S-transferases (GST); variants may alter isothiocyanate clearance such that response to crucifers may vary by genotype. We evaluated, in a randomized, controlled, crossover feeding trial in humans (n = 70), three test diets (single- and double-“dose” cruciferous and cruciferous plus apiaceous) compared with a fruit and vegetable–free basal diet. We measured serum bilirubin concentrations on days 0, 7, 11, and 14 of each 2-week feeding period to monitor UGT1A1 activity and determined effects of UGT1A1*28 and GSTM1/GSTT1-null variants on response. Aggregate bilirubin response to all vegetable-containing diets was statistically significantly lower compared with the basal diet (P &lt; 0.03 for all). Within each UGT1A1 genotype, lower bilirubin concentrations were seen in *1/*1 in both single- and double-dose cruciferous diets compared with basal (P &lt; 0.03 for both); *1/*28 in double-dose cruciferous and cruciferous plus apiaceous compared with basal, and cruciferous plus apiaceous compared with single-dose cruciferous (P &lt; 0.02 for all); and *28/*28 in all vegetable-containing diets compared with basal (P &lt; 0.02 for all). Evaluation of the effects of diet stratified by GST genotype revealed some statistically significant genotypic differences; however, the magnitude was similar and not statistically significant between genotypes. These results may have implications for altering carcinogen metabolism through dietary intervention, particularly among UGT1A1*28/*28 individuals.
Female morphs of a colour polymorphic damselfly differ in developmental instability and fecundity
Authors: Bots Jessica , Van Dongen Stefan , Adriaens Tim , Dumont Henri , Stoks Robby , Van Gossum Hans 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Sex-limited colour polymorphism occurs in several animal taxa and is usually explained in the context of sexual selection. Specifically, for polymorphism restricted to the female sex, multiple phenotypes may have evolved in response to male harassment. Such male harassment is generally considered to entail differential costs to female morphs, which may ultimately result in fitness differences. However, contrary to this prediction, most previous studies do not support that female morphs (andromorphs and heteromorphs) differ in measures of quality and (or) fitness components. In this study, we evaluate quality and fitness differences between mated female morphs of the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum. We suggest that many earlier studies may have failed to observe morph differences in quality or fitness because selection by male harassment was weak. Here, we selected a study population for which our expectation was that levels of per female capita male harassment were high. Nevertheless, also in this population mated female morphs did not differ in body size or condition (body mass/body length). However, mated female morphs did differ in levels of developmental instability: heteromorphs consistently showed a higher level of fluctuating asymmetry than andromorphs. Also, mated female morphs differed in fecundity: andromorphs had a lower clutch size than heteromorphs. In addition, larger females contained more eggs, but the slope of this relationship was steeper in heteromorphs. In conclusion, mated female morphs of the damselfly E. cyathigerum at our study site clearly differed in one quality estimate (developmental instability) and in our measure of fitness (fecundity).
Modelling correlates of microhabitat use of two sympatric lizards: a model selection approach
Authors: Bombi Pierluigi , Salvi Daniele , Luiselli Luca , Bologna Marco 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Studies of the ecological characteristics of sympatric species are important for developing and testing ecological theory, but may be of interest also for conservation biology research when the study species are threatened, endemic and with narrow distribution. Here, we studied a particular aspect of the ecology (i.e. microhabitat use) of two sympatric lizards (Archaeolacerta bedriagae, Podarcis tiliguerta) endemic to Sardinia and Corsica (Tyrrhenian islands). We studied this issue by modelling procedures, using field data collected at six study areas in both Sardinia and Corsica. We recorded 18 microhabitat variables for each lizard spot. The variables were entered as independent variables in logistic regression analysis with the presence/absence data for the lizards as the dependent variable, and Akaike Information Criterion was applied to select the best models describing the ecological equation of each study species. In total, we based our modelling approach on 296 individuals of A. bedriagae and 182 of P. tiliguerta. The general logistic regression models revealed that five distinct variables were significantly correlated to the presence/absence of A. bedriagae, and six to that of P. tiliguerta. We found that three variables were important for only P. tiliguerta, two for only A. bedriagae, and three for both species and with an identical sign. We also found some similarities in microhabitat choice between species. Indeed, some variables were always present in the best models of both A. bedriagae and P. tiliguerta. In general, A. bedriagae was more related to spots with large stones and low vegetation than P. tiliguerta, which, on the contrary, choose spots relatively closer to vegetation. The various reasons explaining the observed similarities and differences between species were examined. It is suggested that our modelling procedure may be widely used for studies of lizard community ecology, because it easy to use and allows a more-in-depth analysis than normal 'count approaches'.
Contract Formation Using Automated Message System: Survey of Islamic Contract Law
Authors: Subaty Muhammad , Elsan Mostafa 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe issues discussed are the legal aspects of creating contracts using Automated Message Systems. For example, should a transaction or series of contracts be nullified after the right to withdraw has been exercised? The right to withdraw was created to protect a “natural person” unable to correct a human input error in an automated system. Interpretation of contracts under Islamic law concerning this and related topics is presented.
A Body Of Knowledge: The Wellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His Sanskrit Context
Authors: Wujastyk Dominik 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA widely-known painting currently in the Wellcome Library (Iconographic 574912i) depicts an anatomical view of the male human body according to the tenets of classical Indian medicine, or ayurveda. The painting is surrounded by text passages in the Sanskrit language on medical and anatomical topics. In this paper, the Sanskrit texts are identified, edited, translated and assessed. I establish a terminus a quo for the painting, and explore the relationship of text and image.
Proclus' Theory of Evil: An Ethical Perspective
Authors: Chlup Radek 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWhile the metaphysical aspects of Proclus' theory of evil have recently been studied by a number of scholars, its ethical implications have largely been neglected. In my paper I am analysing the moral consequences that Proclus' concept of evil has, at the same time using the ethical perspective to throw more light on Proclus' ontology. Most importantly, I argue that the difference between bodily and psychic evil is much more substantial that it might seem from On the Existence of Evils alone. Though both kinds of evil are characterized by their 'parasitical existence' (parhypostasis), evil in bodies is unavoidable, resulting from a wide network of cosmic corporeal interactions that no partial being can ever have control of. Psychic evil, on the other hand, is a product of human choice and is independent of external circumstances, depending wholly on the soul's ability to keep its proper vertical hierarchy. In this regard it is evil in a much more serious sense of the word, being actively caused (though unintentionally) rather than just passively suffered. In the last section of my paper I throw further light on this more dangerous kind of evil, showing it as resulting from an essential bi-dimensionality of human beings.
Global and Regional Comparison of Daily 2-m and 1000-hPa Maximum and Minimum Temperatures in Three Global Reanalyses
Authors: Pitman A. J. , Perkins S. E. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A comparison of three global reanalyses is conducted based on probability density functions of daily maximum and minimum temperature at 2-m and 1000-hPa levels. The three reanalyses compare very favorably in both maximum and minimum temperatures at 1000 hPa, in both the mean and the 99.7th and 0.3rd percentiles of both quantities in most regions. At 2 m, there are large and widespread differences in the mean and 99.7th percentiles in maximum temperature between the three reanalyses over land commonly exceeding ±5°C and regionally exceeding ±10°C. The 2-m minimum temperatures compare unfavorably between the three reanalyses over virtually all continental surfaces with differences exceeding ±10°C over widespread areas. It is concluded that the three reanalyses are generally interchangeable in 1000-hPa temperatures. The three reanalyses of 2-m temperatures are very different owing to the methods used to diagnose these quantities. At this time, the probability distribution functions of the 2-m temperatures from the three reanalyses are sufficiently different that either the 2-m air temperatures should not be used or all three products should be used independently in any application and the differences highlighted.