bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halide-controlled Construction and Structural Determination of a Series of Thiolato-bridged 16-Nuclear Copper(I) Clusters from Benzothiazoline
Authors: Takino Yusuke , Yoshinari Nobuto , Tsuge Kiyoshi , Kawamoto Tatsuya , Konno Takumi 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Treatment of [Cu(CH3CN)4]+ with 2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)benzothiazoline in the presence of halide ions (X = Cl−, Br−, and I−) gave [Cu16L12X]3+ (L = (C6H4NMe2)CH=N(C6H4)S−) with a spherical Cu16S12 structure, while similar treatment in the absence of halide ions afforded [Cu8L8]2+ with a cyclic Cu8S8 structure.
Validation of motion correction techniques for liver CT perfusion studies
Authors: Chandler A , Wei W , Anderson E F , Herron D H , Ye Z , Ng C S 
Published: February 2012

Objectives: Motion in images potentially compromises the evaluation of temporally acquired CT perfusion (CTp) data; image registration should mitigate this, but first requires validation. Our objective was to compare the relative performance of manual, rigid and non-rigid registration techniques to correct anatomical misalignment in acquired liver CTp data sets.
Methods: 17 data sets in patients with liver tumours who had undergone a CTp protocol were evaluated. Each data set consisted of a cine acquisition during a breath-hold (Phase 1), followed by six further sets of cine scans (each containing 11 images) acquired during free breathing (Phase 2). Phase 2 images were registered to a reference image from Phase 1 cine using two semi-automated intensity-based registration techniques (rigid and non-rigid) and a manual technique (the only option available in the relevant vendor CTp software). The performance of each technique to align liver anatomy was assessed by four observers, independently and blindly, on two separate occasions, using a semi-quantitative visual validation study (employing a six-point score). The registration techniques were statistically compared using an ordinal probit regression model.
Results: 306 registrations (2448 observer scores) were evaluated. The three registration techniques were significantly different from each other (p=0.03). On pairwise comparison, the semi-automated techniques were significantly superior to the manual technique, with non-rigid significantly superior to rigid (p&lt;0.0001), which in turn was significantly superior to manual registration (p=0.04).
Conclusion: Semi-automated registration techniques achieved superior alignment of liver anatomy compared with the manual technique. We hope this will translate into more reliable CTp analyses.
Advance Selling When Consumers Regret
Authors: Nasiry Javad , Popescu Ioana 
Published: February 2012

We characterize the effect of anticipated regret on consumer decisions and on firm profits and policies in an advance selling context where buyers have uncertain valuations. Advance purchases trigger action regret if valuations turn out to be lower than the price paid, whereas delaying purchase may cause inaction regret from missing a discount or facing a stockout. Consumers whom we describe as emotionally rational act strategically in response to the firm's policies and in anticipation of regret. In this context, regret explains two types of behavioral patterns: inertia (delayed purchase) and frenzies (buying early at negative surplus). We show how firms should optimally respond to consumer regret and also characterize a normative regret threshold above which they should not advance sell. Action regret reduces profits as well as the value of advance selling and booking limit policies for price-setting firms; inaction regret has the opposite effects. These effects are diminished by capacity constraints and are reversed for firms facing price pressure in the advance period (owing, e.g., to competition or market heterogeneity). Regret heterogeneity explains premium advance selling for the capacity-constrained firm, which may benefit from larger shares of regretful buyers. Finally, we show how the negative effects of regret on profits can be mitigated by regret-priming marketing campaigns and by offering refunds or options or allowing resales. Our results highlight the importance of assessing the relative strength of regret within and across market segments and of accounting for these factors in pricing and marketing policies. This paper was accepted by Christian Terwiesch, operations management.
Information Environment and Equity Risk Premium Volatility Around the World
Authors: Lau Sie Ting , Ng Lilian , Zhang Bohui 
Published: February 2012

This paper examines whether and how differences in investors' information environments (measured by a country's information disclosure, accounting standards, and financial transparency) are related to cross-country differences in the market risk premium volatility. We use the vector-autoregressive and implied cost of capital methods to extract time variation in risk premiums for 41 developed and emerging markets worldwide. Consistent with theoretical predictions, countries with better information environments tend to experience a lower risk premium volatility, even after controlling for various country variables that are potentially associated with variation in risk premiums. Our analysis of two exogenous events, specifically the 1997 Asian financial crisis and 2008 global financial crisis, further corroborates our key finding that information environments play an important role in explaining market risk premium variability.This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.
The influence of boron doping in the growth of ultra/nanocrystalline diamond films
Authors: Souza Fernando A. , Azevedo Adriana F. , Baldan Maurício R. , Ferreira Neidenêi G. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBoron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (BDND) films were grown on silicon substrates by hot filament chemical vapor deposition in Ar/H2/CH4 gas mixtures. The boron source was obtained from an additional H2 line passing through a bubbler containing B2O3 dissolved in methanol with different B/C ratios. The transition from ultrananocrystalline to nanocrystalline diamond films is clearly shown by the addition of boron dopant to the growth gas mixture. The morphology and structure of these films have markedly different properties. The top view and the cross section of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy showing the transition from ultrananocrystalline growth (renucleation process) to a columnar structure of NCD films. Finally, the grain size was obtained from X-ray diffraction patterns of the films. The diamond average grain size increased from 10 to 35 nm for films with 2000 and 30,000 ppm B/C, respectively.
Properties of MOCVD-Grown GaN:Gd Films for Spintronic Devices
Authors: Melton Andrew G. , Liu ZhiQiang , Kucukgok Bahadir , Lu Na , Ferguson Ian 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe mechanism leading to RT ferromagnetism in Gd-doped GaN is not agreed upon, despite many experimental and theoretical reports. Oxygen impurities have been proposed as a possible contributor to ferromagnetic behavior in GaN:Gd films. In this report, GaN:Gd thin films grown by MOCVD using two different metalorganic Gd precursors are examined. The two precursors are (TMHD)3Gd, which contains oxygen, and Cp3Gd, which does not. The films have been characterized by XRD, VSM, and EDS. EDS measurements indicate that the TMHD3Gd samples contain oxygen, while the Cp3Gd samples do not, and VSM scans show that the TMHD3Gd samples exhibit much higher magnetic moments than the Cp3Gd samples, supporting the theory that oxygen enhances the ferromagnetic behavior of GaN:Gd.
Three-Step Deposition Method for Improvement of the Dielectric Properties of BST Thin Films
Authors: Liu H. , Avrutin V. , Zhu C. , Leach J.H. , Rowe E. , Zhou L. , Smith D. , Özgür Ü. , Morkoç H. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTEpitaixal Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) thin films were grown on SrTiO3 (STO) and DyScO3 substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering system using three-step method which involves a relatively low-temperature (573-773 K) growth of a BST interlayer sandwiched between two BST layers deposited at a high substrate temperature of 1068 K. X-ray diffraction measurement showed different strains on the films with interlayers grown at different temperatures. Post-growth thermal treatment reduced film strain to a great extent (the film strain of a tri-layer film with a 773 K grown interlayer is only -0.001). Comparing with the control films grown at high temperature, three-step technique improved the dielectric properties, especially increased dielectric constant by 60% for BST/STO and 31% for BST/DyScO3, respectively. High dielectric constant of 1631.4 and its tuning of 36.7% were achieved on the BST/STO with an interlayer grown on 773 K.
Annealing Temperature and Substrate Effects on the Raman Spectra of Transferred CVD Graphene
Authors: Nichols Barbara M. , Doleyres Yasmine R. , Meissner Gregory P. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThis work explores the influence of the post-transfer anneal temperature and the substrate on transferred graphene and its Raman properties. Graphene grown by low pressure chemical vapor deposition on copper foils was transferred to SiO2/Si, fused silica, and silicon substrates via a process that involves coating the graphene with PMMA as a protective handling layer during the wet chemical etching of the copper and then placing the PMMA/graphene onto the substrate. The PMMA layer was then removed by heating in a hydrogen/argon atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 350 to 550 °C or by exposing the PMMA to heated acetone vapor/liquid. Raman spectroscopy measurements, taken before and after PMMA removal, reveal differences in the prominent Raman features, the G and G’ peaks, upon annealing. These changes include (1) a shift in the average G and G’ peak positions when comparing Raman spectra before and after PMMA removal and (2) a decrease in the G’:G peak intensity ratio (IG’/IG), which is typically used as a measure of the number of graphene layers. For both the as-transferred graphene and graphene removed by the heated acetone, the IG’/IG peak ratio was approximately 2, indicating single layer graphene. However, when the graphene was annealed at temperatures above 350 °C, the IG’/IG intensity ratio varied from 0.5 to 1.5. These changes in the Raman spectra are similar to those observed in exfoliated single layer graphene supported on SiO2/Si substrates and are indicative of graphene-substrate interaction effects that lead to hole doping of the graphene [1,2]. These trends were observed for graphene transferred to all three substrates, regardless of the substrate surface roughness and/or composition.
Spectroscopic Mapping Ellipsometry of Graphene Grown on 3C SiC
Authors: Boosalis Alexander , Hofmann Tino , Darakchieva Vanya , Yakimova Rositza , Tiwald Tom , Schubert Mathias 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTSpectroscopic mapping ellipsometry measurements in the visible spectrum (1.25 to 5.35 eV) are performed to determine the lateral variations of epitaxial graphene properties as grown on 3C SiC. Data taken in the visible spectrum is sensitive to both the Drude absorption of free charge carriers and the characteristic exciton enhanced van Hove singularity at 5 eV. Subsequent analysis with simple oscillator models allows the determination of physical parameters such as free charge carrier scattering time and local graphene thickness with a lateral resolution of 50 microns.
Spiritual understandings of conflict and transformation and their contribution to water dialogue
Authors: Wolf Aaron T. 
Published: February 2012

Water management is conflict management, and has been since time immemorial. And yet models of conflict management of recent times regularly ignore the balance between rationality and spirituality that has prevailed in our thinking for millennia, relying almost entirely on the measurable. While this focus has been helpful, perhaps some part of the answer lies not in the world of rationality at all, but rather in the spiritual, ethical and moral dimensions of water conflict resolution, and that re-acknowledging the balance between the rational and the transcendent offers constructs for understanding and working with process. Acknowledging the balance between the quantifiable and the transcendent allows both for more coherent models of conflict transformation and for direct applications to water negotiations.
This paper begins by setting the context of current understanding of water conflict and cooperation, then by documenting the geography of the ‘Enlightenment Rift’ – the process by which the global West/North has separated the worlds of rationality and spirituality – and the impact of this rift on ideas related to natural resources management. We continue with a discussion of the current clash of world views, and conclude with a section describing how the two world views might gently be interwoven, for example within a fairly universal construct of four worlds of perception, and how this construct might be employed within the framework of more effective water conflict management and transformation.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among an Urban Population in Kenya
Authors: Kaduka Lydia U. , Kombe Yeri , Kenya Eucharia , Kuria Elizabeth , Bore John K. , Bukania Zipporah N. , Mwangi Moses 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE
Developing countries are undergoing an epidemiologic transition accompanied by increasing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) linked to urbanization and lifestyle modifications. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of CVD risk factors whose extent in Kenya remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and factors associated with its occurrence among an urban population in Kenya.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a household cross-sectional survey comprising 539 adults (aged ≥18 years) living in Nairobi, drawn from 30 clusters across five socioeconomic classes. Measurements included waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, triacylglycerides (TAGs), fasting glucose, and blood pressure.

RESULTS
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 34.6% and was higher in women than in men (40.2 vs. 29%; P &lt; 0.001). The most frequently observed features were raised blood pressure, a higher waist circumference, and low HDL cholesterol (men: 96.2, 80.8, and 80%; women: 89.8, 97.2, and 96.3%, respectively), whereas raised fasting glucose and TAGs were observed less frequently (men: 26.9 and 63.3%; women: 26.9 and 30.6%, respectively). The main factors associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome were increasing age, socioeconomic status, and education.

CONCLUSIONS
Metabolic syndrome is prevalent in this urban population, especially among women, but the incidence of individual factors suggests that poor glycemic control is not the major contributor. Longitudinal studies are required to establish true causes of metabolic syndrome in Kenya. The Kenyan government needs to create awareness, develop prevention strategies, and strengthen the health care system to accommodate screening and management of CVDs.
Prevalence of Prediabetes and Diabetes and Metabolic Profile of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Authors: Ortiz-Lopez Carolina , Lomonaco Romina , Orsak Beverly , Finch Joan , Chang Zhi , Kochunov Valeria G. , Hardies Jean , Cusi Kenneth 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE
Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are believed to be common and associated with a worse metabolic profile in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, no previous study has systematically screened this population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied the prevalence and the metabolic impact of prediabetes and T2DM in 118 patients with NAFLD. The control group comprised 20 subjects without NAFLD matched for age, sex, and adiposity. We measured 1) plasma glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) concentration during an oral glucose tolerance test; 2) liver fat by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS); 3) liver and muscle insulin sensitivity (euglycemic insulin clamp with 3-[3H]glucose); and 4) indexes of insulin resistance (IR) at the level of the liver (HIRi= endogenous glucose production × fasting plasma insulin [FPI]) and adipose tissue (Adipo-IRi= fasting FFA × FPI).

RESULTS
Prediabetes and T2DM was present in 85% versus 30% in controls (P &lt; 0.0001), all unaware of having abnormal glucose metabolism. NAFLD patients were IR at the level of the adipose tissue, liver, and muscle (all P &lt; 0.01–0.001). Muscle and liver insulin sensitivity were impaired in patients with NAFLD to a similar degree, whether they had prediabetes or T2DM. Only adipose tissue IR worsened in T2DM and correlated with the severity of muscle (r = 0.34; P &lt; 0.001) and hepatic (r = 0.57; P &lt; 0.0001) IR and steatosis by MRS (r = 0.35; P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with NAFLD may benefit from early screening for T2DM, because the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism is much higher than previously appreciated. Regardless of glucose tolerance status, severe IR is common. In patients with T2DM, adipose tissue IR appears to play a major role in the severity of NAFLD.
Travail, emploi, chômage : un PS sans souffle ?
Authors: Maric Michel 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Alors que les transformations contemporaines du travail et de l’emploi et les évolutions économiques et sociales appellent avec urgence une véritable reconstruction du modèle social français, le Parti socialiste manquerait-il de souffle pour définir et promouvoir des réformes ambitieuses dans ce domaine ? Se situe-t-il à l’excès, dans l’affirmation de son aptitude à être « bon gestionnaire », dans une démarche de simple concurrence avec son principal opposant ? N’est-il pas prisonnier d’une logique de démarcation bridée dans laquelle se trouvent deux partis de gouvernement devant éviter, l’un et l’autre, le risque d’ambitions incomprises susceptibles d’effrayer l’électorat médian ? La lecture du projet socialiste que fait ici Michel Maric apporte une réponse quelque peu nuancée à ces questions.
Une Europe de gauche est-elle encore possible ?
Authors: Schwartz Antoine 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Depuis la crise financière, devenue celle des dettes publiques, le discours européiste a perdu de sa superbe. Les contradictions qui minent la construction européenne apparaissent aux yeux de tous – notamment l’illusion de prétendre instituer une solidarité entre les peuples par la voie du libre marché. La critique de l’Union européenne a gagné une force nouvelle, à tel point que des thématiques qui, hier encore, relevaient de l’indicible, telle la remise en cause des missions de la Banque centrale européenne (BCE), voire la sortie de l’euro, ont désormais intégré le périmètre du possible. Et pourtant, malgré les mouvements de révolte qui s’affirment un peu partout sur le continent, l’horizon d’une « autre Europe », sociale et démocratique, paraît plus éloigné que jamais. Comment se situent les partis de la gauche face à cette situation ? Y a-t-il un espace possible entre l’adhésion enchantée à l’intégration européenne et un rejet régressif porté par l’extrême droite ? Quelle serait aujourd’hui la marge de manœuvre d’un gouvernement qui prétendrait mener une « autre politique », sans rompre avec l’ordre européen ?
À quoi sert le Parti socialiste ?
Authors: Marlière Philippe 
Published: February 2012

Résumé En paraphrasant le titre d’un ouvrage consacré au Parti communiste français (PCF) au début des années 1980 1 , il faut se poser la question : à quoi sert-il le Parti socialiste ? (PS) Comme toute structure partisane, le PS remplit un rôle ; encore faut-il définir avec clarté la fonction qu’il exerce aujourd’hui dans la société française. Poser la question indique que la réponse ne va pas de soi, qu’elle nécessite d’être qualifiée. La force électorale du PS, certes toujours aléatoire, n’est pas à démontrer. Le PS occupe une position hégémonique depuis trente ans dans ce que l’on appelle encore le camp « progressiste » ou la « gauche ». « De gauche », le PS l’est indéniablement, ne serait-ce que parce que l’électorat le perçoit ainsi, nolens volens. Pourtant, son utilité à la gauche est de plus en plus discutable et discutée.
(S')occuper (de) la gauche, ou l'ignorer ?
Authors: Aguiton Christophe , Haeringer Nicolas 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Le 22 novembre, des militants d’Occupy Wall Street (OWS) ont interrompu un discours de Barack Obama, dans le New Hampshire, pour lui demander (au moyen du fameux microphone humain popularisé depuis l’occupation débutée le 17 septembre au Sud de Manhattan) de s’attaquer aux banques qui « détruisent l’économie » et l’exhorter à sortir de son silence, qui « envoie le message que la brutalité policière 1 est acceptable ». Après avoir obtenu le calme de ses propres partisans, qui tentaient de noyer les revendications des militants d’OWS en lançant des slogans de soutien à sa politique, il a conclu son discours en affirmant : « les familles comme les vôtres, les jeunes comme ceux qui étaient là aujourd’hui – ça inclut ceux qui m’ont interrompu en chantant –, vous êtes la raison pour laquelle j’étais candidat ». À l’aube de la campagne présidentielle, il tendait ainsi explicitement la main aux militants d’Occupy Wall Street, et laissait entendre que leurs revendications seraient au centre de son éventuel second mandat. Mais les militants d’OWS se sont bien gardés de répondre à l’invitation. Les mouvements Occupy, Indignad@s, ou encore Uncut 2 , entretiennent en effet un rapport très distant aux acteurs de la sphère politique, qu’ils soient républicains ou démocrates, de droite comme de gauche : s’ils cherchent à les faire fléchir, ils n’entendent pour autant pas risquer la compromission ; et refusent de participer à toute forme de dialogue direct. Ces mouvements font tous l’objet d’une abondante production intellectuelle, par leurs acteurs eux-mêmes – une littérature, un ensemble de films, de flyers, de posters, dont la réflexivité, la lucidité et la maturité sont tout à fait remarquables. Le lecteur ou la lectrice ne perdrait ainsi rien à s’arrêter ici, pour se tourner vers les sites qui relaient et diffusent ces éléments 3 . Si elle ou s’il décide de poursuivre, il/elle trouvera ci-dessous (après un bref développement sur l’émergence de ces mouvements) quelques éléments de réflexion sur les questions qu’ils posent à l’ensemble de la gauche (sociale-démocrate comme radicale ; partidaire comme associative ou syndicale), en examinant successivement les raisons et conséquences de leur distance vis-à-vis de la gauche traditionnelle ; l’importance de l’action directe et de la préfiguration ; la portée micropolitique de ces expériences ; pour finir par une analyse des ruptures que proposent ces dynamiques avec les acteurs de l’altermondialisation. Cet article se base sur de longues conversations et rencontres avec des militants d’Occupy Wall Street, Occupy London, des Indignés français, espagnols et israéliens, et des animateurs du mouvement sénégalais « y’en a marre ». Nous avons ici fait le choix d’insister sur ce que ces mouvements portent de commun, même si nous sommes conscients qu’il y a un risque à se bercer de l’illusion que ces mouvements auraient des connexions naturelles (alors qu’elles doivent être construites).
La gauche et les intellectuels
Authors: Cusset François 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Jamais la politique électorale, y compris à gauche, et le travail intellectuel, y compris critique, n’avaient été à ce point déconnectés l’un de l’autre. Les facteurs en sont nombreux : désenchantement politique, démocratisation intellectuelle, essor des mouvementismes et d’une protestation éclatée, obsolescence du mot de « gauche » sinon même de sa promesse d’émancipation. Il faut dire que la gauche officielle comme la caste intellectuelle sont toutes les deux à la traîne d’une année de feu, face à la vague contestataire mondiale inédite de l’an 2011.