bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High SMAD4 levels appear in microsatellite instability and hypermethylated colon cancers, and indicate a better prognosis
Authors: Isaksson‐Mettävainio Martin , Palmqvist Richard , Dahlin Anna M. , Van Guelpen Bethany , Rutegård Jörgen , Öberg Åke , Henriksson Maria L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer‐related deaths in western countries. CRC are commonly divided in cancers showing microsatellite stability (MSS) or microsatellite instability (MSI). A more novel classification is dependent on promoter hypermethylation of CpG islands (the CpG island methylator phenotype, CIMP), where cancers show high, low or negative methylation status. SMAD4, located on chromosome 18q, has been thoroughly investigated during the last years. Loss of SMAD4 expression has been reported to correlate with poor CRC patient prognosis. In this study, we analyze the impact of SMAD4 expression on prognosis in relation to MSI screening status and CIMP status. Four hundred and seventy‐nine paraffin‐embedded specimens of CRC were examined for nuclear SMAD4 expression using immunohistochemistry. The tumors were scored loss (−), moderate (+) and high (++) expressing tumors. Loss of SMAD4 correlated significantly with decreased survival in all colon cancer patients. High SMAD4 expression, however, was significantly associated with increased survival, especially in colon cancer patients, which has undergone potential curative surgery. In addition, in MSI tumors and CIMP‐high tumors, high SMAD4 expression was significantly related to increase in survival, while loss of SMAD4 resulted in a significantly poorer prognosis. SMAD4 expression was not correlated to prognosis in rectal cancer cases. We conclude, loss of SMAD4 indicates a poor prognosis in colon cancer patients. The novel findings that high SMAD4 expression predicts a better prognosis suggests that SMAD4 immunohistochemistry could constitute a prognostic marker in combination with CIMP and MSI screening status.
Common interest, common visions? Chinese science teacher educators' views about the values of teaching nature of science to prospective science teachers
Authors: Wan Zhi Hong , Wong Siu Ling , Yung Benny Hin Wai 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTeaching nature of science (NOS) is beginning to take root in science education in China. This exploratory study interviewed 24 science teacher educators from economically developed parts of China about their conceptions of teaching NOS to prospective science teachers. Five key dimensions emerged from the data. This paper focuses on the dimension of value of teaching NOS. The values of teaching NOS as perceived by the educators fall into two types. The first type relates to values within the scope of science teaching, which consists of (i) enriching content to be taught in school science, (ii) transforming traditional science teaching methods, (iii) increasing interest in science teaching, and (iv) constituting a foundation of school science teaching. The second type goes beyond classroom teaching, which includes (i) enhancing individual well‐being in daily life and work‐related matter, (ii) enlightening Chinese traditional culture, and (iii) promoting national development. While some of these values share much similarity of those discussed in the Western literature on NOS research, some are distinctively different with a Chinese favor. This paper discusses the social, political, and historical contexts that have contributed to the shaping of such differences. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95:1101–1123, 2011
Students' views of the nature of science: A critical review of research
Authors: Deng Feng , Chen Der‐Thanq , Tsai Chin‐Chung , Chai Ching Sing 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis review examines 105 empirical studies that investigate students' views of the nature of science (VNOS), effects of curricular interventions on changing students' VNOS, and relations between VNOS and demographics, majors, and learning of science. The reviewed studies can be categorized into three theoretical frameworks: the unidimension, the multidimension, and the argumentative resource frameworks. Each framework is reviewed first with regard to its theoretical foundation, methods of data collection and analysis, and the respective findings. This is followed by a critical discussion on the methodological issues and the strengths and limitations of the framework. Potential directions regarding theoretical framework, methodology, and pedagogy are suggested in the future directions section. For example, this review proposes the shift to argumentative resource framework for VNOS research and a refinement for judging the “sophistication” of student VNOS. The role of inquiry in student VNOS is also discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95:961–999, 2011
The dominant logic: A new linkage between diversity and performance
Authors: Prahalad C. K. , Bettis Richard A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCurrent research offers alternative explanations to the ‘linkage’ between the pattern of diversification and performance. At least four streams of research can be identified. None of these can be considered to be a reliable, predictive theory of successful diversification. They are, at best, partial explanations. The purpose of this paper is to propose an additional ‘linkage’, conceptual at this stage, that might help our understanding of the crucial connection between diversity and performance. The conceptual argument is intended as a ‘supplement’ to the current lines of research, rather than as an alternative explanation.
On tailoring a strategic planning system to its context: Some empirical evidence
Authors: Chakravarthy Balaji S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBased on a survey of 111 senior executives this study finds that tailoring a firm's strategic planning system to its context is not a popular practice, despite its presumed importance. Moreover, the lack of fit between a firm's strategic planning system and its context appears to be inconsequential to how managers rate their planning systems. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Architecture of a multiplatform virtual campus
Authors: Navarro Antonio , Cristóbal Jesús , Fernández‐Chamizo Carmen , Fernández‐Valmayor Alfredo 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThe design, development and maintenance of large virtual campuses are complex issues. This paper describes the architecture of a large university multiplatform virtual campus. Because we have not found virtual campus architectures described in the literature, the goal of this paper is to make our experience available to a wider audience so that organizations interested in the deployment of a large virtual campus can take advantage of our work. Thus, this paper analyzes this architecture from three different points of view: (i) software architecture; (ii) detailed software design; and (iii) hardware architecture. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistics, vision, and the analysis of artistic style
Authors: Graham Daniel J. , Hughes James M. , Leder Helmut , Rockmore Daniel N. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn the field of literature, there is an established set of techniques that have been successfully leveraged in the statistical analysis of literary style, most often to answer questions of authenticity and attribution. With the digitization of huge troves of art images come significant opportunities for the development of statistical techniques for the analysis of artistic style. In this article, we suggest that the progress made and statistical techniques developed in understanding visual processing as it relates to natural scenes can serve as a useful model and inspiration for visual stylometric analysis.WIREs Comput Stat2012, 4:115–123. doi: 10.1002/wics.197This article is categorized under:Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Pattern RecognitionApplications of Computational Statistics > PsychometricsApplications of Computational Statistics > Signal and Image Processing and Coding
Toward toxicity testing of nanomaterials in the 21st century: a paradigm for moving forward
Authors: Lai David Y. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA challenge facing hazard identification and safety evaluation of engineered nanomaterials being introduced to market is the diversity and complexity of the types of materials with varying physicochemical properties, many of which can affect their toxicity by different mechanisms. In general, in vitro test systems have limited usefulness for hazard identification of nanoparticles due to various issues. Meanwhile, conducting chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity studies in rodents for every new nanomaterial introduced into the commerce is impractical if not impossible. New toxicity testing systems which rely on predictive, high‐throughput technologies may be the ultimate goal of evaluating the potential hazard of nanomaterials. However, at present, this approach alone is unlikely to succeed in evaluating the toxicity of the wide array of nanomaterials and requires validation from in vivo studies. This article proposes a paradigm for toxicity testing and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of reference materials for specific nanomaterial classes/subclasses using short‐term in vivo animal studies in conjunction with high‐throughput screenings and mechanism‐based short‐term in vitro assays. The hazard potential of a particular nanomaterial can be evaluated by conducting only in vitro high‐throughput assays and mechanistic studies and comparing the data with those of the reference materials in the specific class/subclass—an approach in line with the vision for ‘Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century’ of chemicals. With well‐designed experiments, testing nanomaterials of varying/selected physicochemical parameters may be able to identify the physicochemical parameters contributing to toxicity. The data so derived could be used for the development of computer model systems to predict the hazard potential of specific nanoparticles based on property–activity relationships. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012, 4:1–15. doi: 10.1002/wnan.162This article is categorized under:

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Musculoskeletal Impairment of Traumatic Etiology in Rwanda: Prevalence, Causes, and Service Implications
Authors: Matheson James I. D. M. , Atijosan Oluwarantimi , Kuper Hannah , Rischewski Dorothea , Simms Victoria , Lavy Christopher 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe present study examines demographics, causes, and diagnoses of traumatic musculoskeletal impairment (MSI) in Rwanda and identifies treatment barriers in order to describe the injury burden and inform service planning.MethodsIn all, 105 clusters were chosen by multistage stratified cluster random sampling with probability proportional to size. Eighty people from each cluster were identified for screening by a modified compact segment sampling method. A screening questionnaire was applied and suspected cases and 10% of suspected non‐cases underwent standardized examination. A structured interview obtained a detailed history, and an algorithmic classification system allocated diagnosis.ResultsOf 8,368 enumerated subjects, 6,756 were screened. Of these, 111 were traumatic MSI cases, with 121 diagnoses, giving a prevalence of 1.64% (95% CI 1.35–1.98). Extrapolation to the Rwandan population estimates 68,716 traumatic MSI cases, mostly in people of working age. Most affected were hand/finger joints (23%), elbow (16%), shoulder region (9%), and knee joint (9%). Some 11% of impairments were severe, 47.7% were moderate, and 41.3% were mild. Most common diagnoses were fracture malunion (21.5%) and post‐traumatic joint stiffness (20.7%). The number of treatments needed was 199, including physiotherapy (87.2%) and surgery (53.7%), but 43% (95% CI 34–53) received less treatment than required. Of those who were undertreated, 63% cited cost.ConclusionsIn Rwanda the prevalence of traumatic MSI of 1.64%, mostly in people of working age, makes usual activities difficult or impossible and is therefore a significant national burden. The results of the present study identify the need for immediate surgical intervention and physiotherapy, with cost as a treatment barrier. This study may direct aid providers toward subsidizing access to orthopedic care and thus reduce the impact of traumatic MSI.
Implementation and Development of Federally‐Funded Systems of Care Over Time
Authors: Brannan Ana María , Brashears Freda , Gyamfi Phyllis , Manteuffel Brigitte 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study describes development in federally funded systems of care. Data for this study were collected using the System of Care Assessment that rated grantees’ enactment of system of care principles in the infrastructure and service delivery domains. Data were collected by trained raters who conducted several site visits over the funding period. This study described system development over time across 61 sites and tested whether gains were statistically significant. Latent profile analysis was used to explore whether sites could be meaningfully grouped based on their baseline service delivery domain scores. Differences across groups were tested in terms of community, system, and client characteristics. Differential growth across groups was also examined. Overall, systems of care developed over time in both the infrastructure and service delivery domains. Although infrastructure scores were generally lower than service delivery scores, greater gains were seen for the infrastructure domain. Three groups of sites were identified that could be distinguished in terms of degree of development overall, and for specific system of care principles. The groups of sites differed in terms of community factors, system features, and client characteristics. In addition, repeated measures analyses found differential growth in system development over time across groups.
Un câblage inhabituel dans l’urètre
Authors: Ndiaye A. , Niang L. , Kane R. , Diémé E. , Salif N. , Ogougbemy M. 
Published: September 2011

Résumé

But
Rapporter un cas rare de corps étranger dans l’urètre.

Méthode et résultats
Il s’agit d’un cas de corps étranger intra-urétral: un homme de 32 ans aux antécédents de troubles psychiatriques s’est introduit un câble électrique dans l’urètre. La prise en charge constituait en une ablation chirurgicale par abord périnéal.

Conclusion
Le traitement des corps étrangers intra-urétraux est le plus souvent endoscopique, mais dans certains cas la chirurgie ouverte est nécessaire.
Variable reproductive strategies of an African savanna frog, Phrynomantis microps (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae)
Authors: Hirschfeld Mareike , Rödel Mark-Oliver 
Published: September 2011

Abstract:West African savannas are habitats with unpredictable rainfall. Species with varying life-history traits may be more successful in these environments than species with fixed traits. We studied the reproduction strategies of the microhylid frog Phrynomantis microps in different savanna types, a humid savanna in Ivory Coast and a drier one in Benin. We recorded 5437 clutches in eight ponds in the humid savanna during five consecutive rainy seasons. A further 694 clutches were investigated in 10 ponds in Benin in one rainy season. For each clutch, we recorded egg numbers, deposition time, location within the pond and rainfall. Precipitation was important in triggering reproduction. However, the amount of rainfall needed differed in relation to rainy season length and total annual rainfall. Especially in years and regions with a late rainy season a threshold of minimum precipitation was needed to initiate spawning, indicating a trade-off between the need to reproduce and the survival probabilities of offspring in ponds with a high desiccation risk. Egg numbers per clutch further differed between pond sizes, breeding season length, as well as to time within the rainy season. Potential explanations for these differences, in particular desiccation and predation risks are discussed, but need further experimental support.
Sapromyiophily in the native orchid, Bulbophyllum variegatum, on Réunion (Mascarene Archipelago, Indian Ocean)
Authors: Humeau Laurence , Micheneau Claire , Jacquemyn Hans , Gauvin-Bialecki Anne , Fournel Jacques , Pailler Thierry 
Published: September 2011

Abstract:Orchid species are well known for their highly specialized pollinator interactions. To better understand the reproductive biology of the tropical epiphytic orchid Bulbophyllum variegatum on Réunion, we investigated the floral morphology, breeding system, pollinator diversity, floral scent profile and fruiting success of about 30 individuals in three natural populations during two consecutive flowering seasons. Controlled hand-pollination experiments in two populations showed that the species is self-compatible, but requires pollinator service to achieve reproduction. Videotape pollinator observations were conducted during two flowering seasons for 56 h and revealed that B. variegatum is pollinated by a single species of fly from the Platystomatidae. This fly seems to be attracted by the unpleasant scent produced by the flowers, and does not receive any reward after achieving pollination. In addition, no egg-laying behaviour was observed. Bulbophyllum variegatum thus exhibits a typical sapromyiophilous pollination syndrome which constitutes the first proven case of sapromyiophily within the genus Bulbophyllum on the Mascarene Archipelago. Hand pollinations further showed that fruit set was not significantly higher for flowers that received outcross pollen than for those that were self-crossed (53% and 44% respectively). Fruit sets under natural conditions were significantly different among populations, ranging from 0.5% to 24.3%. This low fruit production is likely due to infrequent pollinator visits, particularly in disturbed forests where the pollinator has never been observed.
Trade-offs between growth and survival of non-pioneer light-demanding tree seedlings in tropical forest of Hainan Island, China
Authors: Yang Wenjie , Liu Fude , Zhou Lingyan , Zhang Shiting , An Shuqing 
Published: September 2011

Abstract:We performed a pot experiment in which 540 seedlings of nine non-pioneer light-demanding tree species were grown for 12 months in shade houses at three light levels, 46% daylight, 13% daylight and 2% daylight, to examine the mechanisms contributing to the coexistence of seedlings of non-pioneer light-demanding tree species in secondary successional tropical rain forest in Hainan, China. Growth and survival of tree seedlings were compared at different light levels, and the morphological and physiological correlates of high-light seedling growth and low-light survival across species were determined. For all species, mortality was very low in the 46% daylight and 13% daylight treatment but increased significantly in the 2% daylight treatment. Seedling survival in 2% daylight treatment was positively related to seed mass. Trade-off between high-light growth and low-light survival was more evident in the relationship with 2% daylight treatment as compared with 13% daylight treatment. Relative growth rate in the 2% daylight treatment was not significantly related to relative growth rate in the 13% daylight or 46% daylight treatment; although a slight negative correlation was apparent. Interspecific variation in RGRm was only closely correlated with net assimilation rate (NAR). The results provide some support for the niche-partitioning hypothesis.
Balloon Kyphoplasty Improves Back Pain but does not Result in a Permanent Realignment of the Thoracolumbar Spine
Authors: Friedrich H. C. , Friedrich H. J. , Kneisel P. , Pitzen T. , Drumm J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBalloon kyphoplasty (BKP) has been established as a standard procedure for treatment of osteoporotic compression fractures of the spine in elderly patients, as it results in pain relief for most of the patients. Moreover, BKP may result in a partial realignment of the sagittal shape of the vertebra and the spine. However, it is unclear whether BKP may result in long-term improvement of the sagittal alignment of the spine. The aim of the current study was to investigate if there is a significant loss of correction of the sagittal alignment of the thoracolumbar spine following BKP.A prospective, noncontrolled, nonrandomized study, consisting of 71 patients treated for single level osteoporotic compression fracture by BKP at 1 institution and by 1 surgeon, was done. We checked the following radiographic outcome parameters: Beck’s ratio, the kyphosis angle of the treated vertebra, the angle of kyphosis including the treated vertebra and the adjacent disc (monosegmental angle), the angle of kyphosis, including the treated segment, the adjacent disc as well as the adjacent vertebra (bisegmental angle).BKP resulted in significant pain relief with a score decreasing from 7.11 to 1.73 on a visual analogue scale immediately after the procedure. The effekt persisted after 1 year with a score of 1.58 VAS points. BKP also led to an improvement of each radiographic outcome parameter immediately after surgery. Beck’s ratio was improved from 0.71 to 0.83. The Cobb’s angle of the relevant vertebral bodies decreased from 11.4° to 6.8°. Monosegmental and bisegmental kyphosis angles decreased from 8.12° to 4.9° and from 6.9° to 4.5° respectively. Within 1 year, however, there was a significant loss of correction in each radiographic parameter analyzed. Beck’s ratio decreased to 0.72, Cobb’s angle increased to 10.8°, and the mono- and bisegmental kyphosis angles to 8.8° and 8.3°, respectively.BKP does not result in a permanent realignment of the thoracolumbar spine following treatment of single level osteoporotic compression fractures.
Supporting tool suite for production proteomics
Authors: Ma Ze-Qiang , Tabb David L. , Burden Joseph , Chambers Matthew C. , Cox Matthew B. , Cantrell Michael J. , Ham Amy-Joan L. , Litton Michael D. , Oreto Michael R. , Schultz William C. , Sobecki Scott M. , Tsui Tina Y. , Wernke Gregory R. , Liebler Daniel C. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Summary: The large amount of data produced by proteomics experiments requires effective bioinformatics tools for the integration of data management and data analysis. Here we introduce a suite of tools developed at Vanderbilt University to support production proteomics. We present the Backup Utility Service tool for automated instrument file backup and the ScanSifter tool for data conversion. We also describe a queuing system to coordinate identification pipelines and the File Collector tool for batch copying analytical results. These tools are individually useful but collectively reinforce each other. They are particularly valuable for proteomics core facilities or research institutions that need to manage multiple mass spectrometers. With minor changes, they could support other types of biomolecular resource facilities.
Availability and Implementation: Source code and executable versions are available under Apache 2.0 License at http://www.vicc.org/jimayersinstitute/data/
Contact: daniel.liebler@vanderbilt.edu