bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicinal plants with promising antileishmanial activity in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Worku Kassahun Misgana , Asfaw Birhanu Genanew , Mamo Daniel Niguse , Haile Yosef , Tesfa Habtie , Aemero Mulugeta 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Toxicity and resistance to chemotherapy used to treat leishmaniasis are increasing. Research on natural plant compounds has revealed their antileishmanial effects on certain Leishmania organisms. This review aimed to estimate the pooled IC50 values of medicinal plants with promising antileishmanial activity in Ethiopia.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted using Science Direct, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to locate potential studies. Studies published in peer-reviewed journals and gray literature in university repositories before April 1, 2022, which included a full-length study reporting the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Ethiopian medicinal plants that were written in English were included. Conference proceedings, review articles, letters to the editor, and correspondence were excluded. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the GIVIMP critical appraisal tools. Heterogeneity between studies was verified using Cochrane Q test statistics and I
2 test statistics, and the effects were checked using Egger statistical test at a level of significance. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled IC50 of the medicinal plants.

Results:
Six articles that were conducted in Ethiopia that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with a total of 62 in vitro experiments, were reviewed. The aggregated mean IC50 for medicinal plants in Ethiopia was 16.80 (95% CI: 12.44, 21.16) and 13.81 (95% CI: 13.12, 14.50) µg/mL for antipromastigote and antiamastigote activity, respectively. Aqueous was the significant preparation with IC50 of 0.53 (0.34, 0.73) µg/mL against promastigote and 0.98 (0.20, 1.76) µg/mL against the amastigote stage.

Discussion:
This review indicated that the pooled mean of IC50 for Ethiopian medicinal plants against promastigotes and amastigotes was relatively low and showed better efficacy. This strongly suggests the need to focus on antipromastigote and antiamastigote medicinal plants in Ethiopia for the development of antileishmanial drugs. It is necessary to identify their active components, and their potential toxic effects can lead to the production of well-tolerated and safe drugs for leishmaniasis. The high heterogeneity is the limitation of this study.

Registration:
The review has been registered at Prospero with identification number CRD42022343543.
Maintaining Skin Integrity of Patients Diagnosed With SARS CoV2: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Singh Charleen , Thorpe Lee , Villanueva Stephanie , Valencerina-Javier Gladys , Koyuncu Fadime , Sohal Sarina 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE:
This purpose of this quality improvement project was to develop and evaluate a protocol (intervention bundle) designed to prevent pressure injuries in patients admitted with SARS-CoV2 and required prone positioning.

PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING:
The sample comprised 267 patients aged 18 years and older, who were admitted with SARS-CoV2 and required prone positioning. Their age ranged from 32 to 76 years; a majority (54%, n = 145) were intubated. The study setting was an urban 220 bed acute care hospital in Northern California.

APPROACH:
A task force comprising the quality management team, certified wound care nurses and nursing leadership used the plan-do-study-act cycle completed a quality improvement project designed for preventing pressure injuries among patients admitted with SARS-CoV2 and managed with prone positioning, either with or without mechanical ventilation. The five phases of the quality improvement project were protocol development, education, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection period for this quality improvement was between April 2020 and August 2020. Outcomes were evaluated using descriptive statistics.

OUTCOMES:
Sixteen patients (6%) experienced a total of 25 pressure injuries. The time between initial prone placement and change back to supine positioning was 24 hours (36 ± 12 hours). The most common pressure injuries were deep tissue injuries, primarily over the heels and sacrum.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:
This protocol maintained the skin integrity of 94% of a group critically ill patients admitted with SARS-CoV2 and managed by prone positioning.
Characteristics of Urinary Tract Infections and the Use of Cranberry Products in Patients With Urinary Diversions: A Narrative Review
Authors: Droste Linda R. , Ratliff Catherine R 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE:
The aim of this narrative literature review was to summarize evidence regarding bacteriuria and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients living with a urinary diversion and the use of cranberry products for the prevention of these infections.

METHODS:
We searched for articles in the English language and available in full text to address the role of cranberry products in the management of UTIs in those with urinary diversions. We searched the electronic databases of MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials between January 2003 and December 2023. Thirty-two elements were read in full and 9 elements that evaluated UTIs and/or the role of cranberries in preventing UTIs are included in this narrative review.

RESULTS:
Research indicates no significant difference in UTI rates, microbiology, or antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns between the different types of urinary diversions (orthoptic diversions, ileal conduit diversions, and continent cutaneous diversions). Similar to persons with an intact urinary tract, Escherichia coli (a prevalent coliform bacteria) was the most prevalent pathogen resulting in symptomatic UTIs. In addition, we found that E. coli strains persisted in urinary diversions involving reconstructed intestinal segments for prolonged periods of time despite antibiotic treatment. We found sparse evidence suggesting that cranberry products are effective for the prevention of UTIs after ileal conduit urinary diversion.

CONCLUSIONS:
There are inconsistencies in the definition of bacteriuria in the literature making it difficult to compare findings among the studies. Clinical guidance discussing the optimal method for obtaining a urine specimen from a urinary diversion and its management is limited. Research studies on the use of cranberry products to treat UTIs in persons living with a urinary diversion are urgently needed.
Causal discovery in biodiversity-mediated social-ecological systems
Authors: Santos Maria J. , Zu Pengjuan , Zuppinger-Dingley Debra , Eppinga Maarten B. , Gupta Anubhav , Pennekamp Frank , Li Cheng , Mayor Sarah , Stefanini Camilla , Tokumoto Yuji , van Moorsel Sofia J. , Harpe Marylaure , Reader Martin O. , Mo Lidong , Muccione Veruska , Schuman Meredith C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlobal biodiversity loss and climate change exacerbate feedbacks within social-ecological systems, i.e., between ecosystems, their services and well-being of human societies. Our ability to mediate these feedbacks is hampered by incomplete understanding of the underlying causal links, which could benefit from interdisciplinary approaches to discover theoretical or empirical links from heterogeneous data characteristic of social-ecological studies. We propose a novel framework connecting literature-based causal knowledge with data-driven inference of causality. We test this framework for the highly biodiverse island of Borneo by conducting a systematic literature review of 7473 studies over 170 years, and a causal inference analysis for three conceptual causal diagrams connecting global change, socio-economics, ecosystem services, and biodiversity-ecosystem function using a set of 227 spatially explicit variables. We find that, while natural or social processes have been mostly studied independently, a set of studies already documents causal links across social-ecological domains for processes related to deforestation, food or energy. Causal discovery unveiled consistent negative causal links between global change, social-economic landscape, and biodiversity-ecosystem function, and positive causal links between global change and socio-economics, and these links were robust to indicator selection and addition. We detected few and weak links between social-economic landscape, global change, and ecosystem services. When comparing the data-driveninferredcausal links to thosedocumentedby the literature, we find that links between biodiversity and ecosystem function with global change, and links between social-economic landscape and ecosystem services were also consistent, and causal analysis uncovered new (potential) causal links not yet described in the literature.Significance StatementAddressing climate change and biodiversity loss in the Anthropocene requires us to recognize that human societies and ecological systems are inherently interconnected in complex adaptive systems. Causal understanding in social-ecological systems enables understanding system dynamics and response to pressures and shocks. While promising, few studies have studied these systems using a combination of ‘big literature’ which provides the state-of-the-knowledge and ‘big data’ that provides the underlying information for causal discovery. With this framework, we can specify and rigorously test, causal links in biodiversity-mediated social-ecological processes under global change and examine potential interventions that lead to much needed sustainable outcomes.
Retinoblastoma-related (RBR) has both canonical and non-canonical regulatory functions during thermo-morphogenic responses in Arabidopsis seedlings
Authors: Shiekh Bin Hamid Rasik , Nagy Fruzsina , Kaszler Nikolett , Domonkos Ildikó , Gombos Magdolna , Molnár Eszter , Pettkó-Szandtner Aladár , Bögre László , Fehér Attila , Magyar Zoltán 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWarm temperatures accelerate plant growth, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show that increasing the temperature from 22°C to 28°C rapidly activates proliferation in the apical shoot and root meristems of wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings. We found that one of the central regulators of cell proliferation, the cell cycle inhibitor RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR), is suppressed by warm temperatures. RBR became hyper-phosphorylated at a conserved CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE (CDK) site in young seedlings growing at 28°C, in parallel with the stimulation of the expressions of the regulatory CYCLIN D/A subunits of CDK(s). Interestingly, while under warm temperatures ectopic RBR slowed down the acceleration of cell proliferation, it triggered elongation growth of post-mitotic cells in the hypocotyl. In agreement, the central regulatory genes of thermomorphogenic response, includingPIF4andPIF7, as well as their downstream auxin biosyntheticYUCCAgenes (YUC1-2andYUC8-9) were all up-regulated in the ectopic RBR expressing line but down-regulated in a mutant line with reduced RBR level. We suggest that RBR has both canonical and non-canonical functions under warm temperatures to control proliferative and elongation growth, respectively.
Location- and feature-based selection histories make independent, qualitatively distinct contributions to urgent visuomotor performance
Authors: Oor Emily E , Salinas Emilio , Stanford Terrence R 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAttention mechanisms guide visuomotor behavior by weighing physical salience and internal goals to prioritize stimuli as choices for action. Although less well studied, selection history, which reflects multiple facets of experience with recent events, is increasingly recognized as a distinct source of attentional bias. To examine how selection history impacts saccadic choices, we trained two macaque monkeys to perform an urgent version of an oddball search task in which a red target appeared among three green distracters, or vice versa. By imposing urgency, performance could be tracked continuously as it transitioned from uninformed guesses to informed choices as a function of processing time. This, in turn, permitted assessment of attentional control as manifest in motor biases, processing speed, and asymptotic accuracy. Here, we found that the probability of making a correct choice was strongly modulated by the histories of preceding target locations and target colors. Crucially, although both effects were gated by success (or reward), their dynamics were clearly distinct: whereas location history promoted a motor bias, color history modulated perceptual sensitivity, and these influences acted independently. Thus, combined selection histories can give rise to enormous swings in visuomotor performance even in simple tasks with highly discriminable stimuli.Impact statementDuring visual search, the choice of where to look next is biased to a remarkable degree by the location and color histories of recently viewed target stimuli.
Bolstering Wheat’s Immunity: BABA-Mediated Defense Priming AgainstBipolaris sorokinianaAmid Competition
Authors: Tiwari Menka , Singh Prashant 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlants encounter numerous biotic and abiotic challenges, with biotic stresses significantly limiting wheat productivity. Competition for nutrients and space among plants adds another layer of stress. Defense priming is a promising approach to enhancing plant protection against these environmental stresses. This study explores BABA (β-aminobutyric acid) priming in wheat againstBipolaris sorokinianaunder varying degrees of competition. We assessed growth parameters, disease phenotype, biochemical changes, and yield-related traits in both primed and non-primed wheat under disease pressure and competition. Our findings revealed that growth parameters declined in both primed and non-primed wheat as competition increased. However, primed wheat showed better morphological growth than non-primed wheat at each competition level. Under disease pressure, primed wheat demonstrated protection comparable to non-challenged plants at all competition levels, while non-primed plants were susceptible. Non-primed wheat under high-density (HD) conditions exhibited the highest disease susceptibility due to intense competition. BABA-primed plants showed better disease protection at each competition level compared to non-primed plants. BABA priming allowed plants to mitigate competition effects and maintain a consistent defense response. The yield performance of primed wheat was superior to that of non-primed wheat across all competition levels. Our research suggests BABA priming as an effective pesticide-free strategy for crop protection against pathogens under competitive conditions.
Confirmation of HLA-II associations with TB susceptibility in admixed African samples
Authors: Croock Dayna , Swart Yolandi , Schurz Haiko , Petersen Desiree C. , Möller Marlo , Uren Caitlin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe International Tuberculosis Host Genetics Consortium (ITHGC) demonstrated the power of large-scale GWAS analysis across diverse ancestries in identifying tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility loci. Despite identifying a significant genetic correlate in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-II region, this association did not replicate in the African ancestry-specific analysis, due to small sample size and the inclusion of admixed samples. Our study aimed to build upon the findings from the ITHGC and identify TB susceptibility loci in an admixed South African cohort using the local ancestry allelic adjusted association (LAAA) model. We identified a suggestive association peak (rs3117230,p-value = 5.292 ×10−6, OR = 0.437, SE = 0.182) in theHLA-DPB1gene originating from KhoeSan ancestry. These findings extend the work of the ITHGC, underscore the need for innovative strategies in studying complex admixed populations, and confirm the role of the HLA-II region in TB susceptibility in admixed South African samples.
Conceptual analysis of sensitive business processes
Authors: Ben Hassen Mariam , Turki Mohamed , Gargouri Faiez 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThis paper introduces the problematic of the SBP modeling. Our objective is to provide a conceptual analysis related to the concept of SBP. This facilitates, on the one hand, easier understanding by business analysts and end-users, and one the other hand, the integration of the new specific concepts relating to the SBP/BPM-KM domains into the BPMN meta-model (OMG, 2013).Design/methodology/approachWe propose a rigorous characterization of SBP (Sensitive Business Processes) (which distinguishes it from classic, structured and conventional BPs). Secondly, we propose a multidimensional classification of SBP modeling aspects and requirements to develop expressive, comprehensive and rigorous models. Besides, we present an in-depth study of the different modeling approaches and languages, in order to analyze their expressiveness and their abil-ity to perfectly and explicitly represent the new specific requirements of SBP modeling. In this study, we choose the better one positioned nowadays, BPMN 2.0, as the best suited standard for SBP representation. Finally, we propose a semantically rich conceptualization of a SBP organized in core ontology.FindingsWe defined a rigorous conceptual specification for this type of BP, organized in a multi-perspective formal ontology, the Core Ontology of Sensitive Business Processes (COSBP). This reference ontology will be used to define a generic BP meta-model (BPM4KI) further specifying SBPs. The objective is to obtain an enriched consensus modeling covering all generic concepts, semantic relationships and properties needed for the exploitation of SBPs, known as core modeling.Originality/valueThis paper introduces the problem of conceptual analysis of SBPs for (crucial) knowledge identification and management. These processes are highly complex and knowledge-intensive. The originality of this contribution lies in the multi-dimensional approach we have adopted for SBP modeling as well as the definition of a Core Ontology of Sensitive Business Processes (COSBP) which is very useful to extend the BPMN notation for knowledge management.
Nurturing loving fat: growing beyond the weeds of fat phobia
Authors: Smith Dywanna E. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This study aims to use an autoethnography and ethnopoetic approach, interweaving personal narratives with scholarly research, to illuminate the profound and far-reaching consequences of fat phobia. Through a multifaceted lens, the lived experiences of a fat, black woman subjected to fat shaming, discrimination and societal prejudice are explored.

Design/methodology/approach
Ethnopoetic methodologies were used to showcase how creating critically compassionate dialogues on fat phobia can be used to create discursive spaces where fat folx are able to share their lived experiences, discuss how they are socialized into current beliefs and analyze the confluence of face, gender, fat and body positivity.

Findings
By artfully blending autoethnographic memories with poetical insight, the manuscript offers a poignant exploration of the emotional and psychological toll exacted upon those marginalized by fat bias.

Originality/value
The works aims to cultivate understanding and empathy, fostering a deeper awareness of the urgent need to challenge and dismantle fat phobia within educational institutions and society at large for the betterment of all individuals.
Examining the factors influencing students’ productivity in architectural design studio of governmental Jordanian universities
Authors: Alhusban Safa A. , Alhusban Ahmad A. , Sqour Saqer , Al Shawabkeh Rami , Eshruq Labin Ahlam , Alhusban Mohammad Ward A. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This study aims to determine, examine and rank the factors/subfactors that may influence the students’ productivity through different design phases inside the architectural design studio. In addition, it examines the relationships/interrelationships between these factors and students’ educational level.

Design/methodology/approach
This research used different research methods: literature review, semi-structured interview and questionnaire (n = 420), and different statistical analysis methods: descriptive, comparative and Pearson r correlation analysis.

Findings
This research found that physical and administration factors significantly influence students’ productivity, followed by social and psychological, design and operational, personal and natural environmental factors. Additionally, thermal comfort was the subfactor most affecting the students’ productivity through all design phases. This research found that there were significant strong/very strong positive linear relationships/interrelationships between the student’s education level and all the factors that may increase the students’ productivity (r > 0.647), and between all the factors that may increase the students’ productivity (r ranged between 0.521 and 0.873). The factors affecting students’ productivity in the architectural design studio must be considered as a pool when designing architectural spaces.

Practical implications
The research findings provide the stakeholders, researchers, architects and facilities managers in architectural education with information on improving students’ productivity and enhancing the learning experience that positively affects their confidence and well-being in the design studio. In addition, this research provides information to develop guidelines for evaluating, designing and/or improving design studio environments that facilitate students’ productivity.

Originality/value
This research provides valuable insights into the students’ productivity during design study and how to prepare students for future professional roles, increase their involvement in their design development process and improve the quality of design education. The productivity of the architectural design students during the design studio hours plays a significant role in improving the architectural learning process. Enhancing students’ productivity during design studio hours promotes their design skills and future abilities of a problem-solving approach, which enhances the profession, provides an effective and comfortable student work environment, reduces the students’ stress inside the design studio and meets the students’ physical and emotional needs.