bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Political Theology of Salomon Maimon
Authors: Melamed Yitzhak Y 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The terminology of ‘political theology’ is not original to the twentieth century. Salomon Maimon (1753–1800) used the term as part of the title to a chapter of his 1792/3 Autobiography, and it is the primary aim of this chapter to explain his understanding of it. The chapter begins by exploring the notion and Salomon Maimon’s account of the role of secrets in religious matters. Next, it studies Maimon’s definitions of, and distinctions among, various forms of religion. Finally, it outlines Maimon’s views on “the greatest of all the mysteries of the Jewish religion” and on the nature of that religion.
“To separate faith from philosophy”
Authors: Shapshay Sandra , Auweele Dennis Vanden 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Surveying Schopenhauer’s published work attests to a profound engagement with Spinoza. Most references that make it into his published work are to Spinoza’s Ethics and usually concern the philosophical problem of individuation, but it would be hasty to conclude that Schopenhauer does not enter into philosophical debate with Spinoza on the material of the Theological-Political Treatise. In fact, there are some uncanny similarities and telling differences between that work and Schopenhauer’s own philosophy of religion, which he develops throughout his published works but most comprehensively in his ‘On Humanity’s Metaphysical Need’ (1844). This chapter concentrates mostly on what we see as the implicit dialogue that Schopenhauer is having with Spinoza. It argues that the differences in their ways of appreciating religion derive from different ways of doing metaphysics, which, further, cast light on why Schopenhauer believes he has “much more right” than Spinoza “to call [his] metaphysics an ethics.”
A View of a View of the Good
Authors: Shields Christopher 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Plato defends a distinctive account of goodness, given in terms of his Form of the Good. This Form, he thinks, is univocal, common to all good things, a universal and a paradigm, existing independently of its being realized. Aristotle denies several of these characterizations, but has a special animus against Plato’s commitment to the univocity offered by the Form of the Good. In his Nicomachean Ethics i 6 (and in a partially parallel discussion in his Eudemian Ethics i 8), Aristotle develops and deploys a litany of arguments against Plato’s commitment to univocity. Some of these arguments appeal to Aristotle’s own theory of categories and others do not. All raise significant challenges to Plato’s axiology: Aristotle contends in a host of different ways that Plato fails to appreciate the complexity of value exhibits across distinct domains.
A Series of Goods
Authors: Shields Christopher 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aristotle’s first argument against Plato’s Form of the Good is compressed in the extreme. He argues: (i) there are no Forms, as even the Platonists allow, set over items, like numbers, arrayed in a series; (ii) good things form a series; so, (iii) there is no Form of the Good. Each of these premisses is obscure and requires careful expansion. None of four attempts at explaining or justifying (i) succeeds. Further, (ii) seems either ill-motivated or to rest on categorial considerations in a way rendering this argument incomplete. Even so, Aristotle’s criticism raises important questions about the Form of the Good.
Goodness across the Categories
Authors: Shields Christopher 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aristotle’s premier argument against Plato’s commitment to the univocity of goodness is clearly his categorial argument. It is difficult to say, however, precisely what this argument is: it has been subject to a wide range of interpretations and concomitant critical assessments. This chapter examines the most significant of the many interpretations of this argument on offer: it focusses especially on predicational and non-predicational approaches and reconsiders the relevance Peter Geach’s approach to goodness to Aristotle’s categorial argument. These explorations, together with a careful, textually sensitive reconstruction of Aristotle’s argument, permit us to come to a clean interpretation, which in turn provides a basis for a fair-minded, neutral assessment.
Adding ‘Itself’
Authors: Shields Christopher 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aristotle takes aim at what he takes to be an indefensible Platonic indulgence, the supposition that by adding ‘itself’ to some term T, we arrive at a Form of T, ‘the T-Itself’. So, for instance, if we think that some people exhibit courage, we can focus on their courage and begin speaking of ‘Courage Itself’, thereby positing a Form of Courage. Aristotle objects to this entire procedure. Is this, though, Plato’s actual method? It seems unlikely that Plato would presume that a simple linguistic transformation would yield a Form, however; and, upon deeper inspection we find that Aristotle, too, adds ‘itself’ as a sort of intrinsicality filter intended to isolate a predicate. Isolating predicates in this way, however, hardly vouchsafes their univocity.
Intrinsic Goods Alone: A Platonic Rejoinder
Authors: Shields Christopher 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aristotle pauses in the midst of his criticisms and rather gamely offers Plato an out: perhaps there is a Form of the Good set over all and only things which qualify as intrinsically good, as good in their own right, or as good per se. Careful attention to even this limited range of good things, however, reveals non-univocity even here. So, again, he concludes, there is no Form of the Good. This interlude in the text, though, has two striking consequences. First, in responding, Aristotle embraces a remarkably fine-grained form of non-univocity. Second, in so doing Aristotle incurs and acknowledges a commitment to determine how good things are related short of univocity.
Normative Considerations Reintroduced
Authors: Shields Christopher 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Until this point, all of Aristotle’s arguments have been axiological, which is to say that they have dealt with the metaphysics of goodness. Now he shifts, arguing that even if Plato’s axiology were correct, even if there were a Form of the Good, it would be otiose. No one would, or could, appeal to the Form of the Good in the conduct of life. So, talking about it is, in the end, a waste of time—wholly irrelevant to ethical theory, which deals precisely with the question of how we ought to conduct our lives.
Good, Bad, Better, Worse
Authors: Shields Christopher 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A sober assessment of Aristotle’s anti-Platonic arguments shows them to be formidable, if not yet fully decisive. Still, plainly Aristotle thinks they succeed; this is why he advances them. Suppose he is right about that. In that case, he owes an alternative. To offer one, though, he must navigate a tension in his own axiology. He seems to embrace an inconsistent triad: (i) good things are commensurable as good things only if goodness is univocal; (ii) (many) good things are commensurable as good things; and (iii) goodness is non-univocal. Now, it would be wrong to allege on this basis that Aristotle has contradicted himself. It is fair, however, to ask him to address this tension.
Goodness qua Goodness: a Concluding Scientific Postscript?
Authors: Shields Christopher 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aristotle argues that since neither being nor goodness is univocal, there cannot be a science of either. Every science requires a unified domain, and a domain is unified only if it admits of univocal essence for all its members. Yet Aristotle eventually offers, if not a science of being, a science of being qua being. The suggestion lies near, then, that he may equally make room for a science of goodness qua goodness. He shows no signs of offering any such science. Could there be such a science, parallel to the science of being qua being?
A prospective cohort study of persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals and perceived stress
Authors: Schildroth Samantha , Wesselink Amelia K , Bethea Traci N , Claus Henn Birgit , Friedman Alexa , Fruh Victoria , Coleman Chad M , Lovett Sharonda M , Vines Anissa I , Sjodin Andreas , Botelho Julianne Cook , Calafat Antonia M , Wegienka Ganesa , Weuve Jennifer , Baird Donna D , Wise Lauren A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can dysregulate the stress response. We evaluated associations between persistent EDCs and perceived stress among participants in the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids (n = 1394), a prospective cohort study of Black women. Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale 4 (PSS-4) at baseline and every 20 months through 60 months (score range: 0-16); higher scores indicate higher stress. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides, were quantified in plasma samples at baseline. We fit bayesian kernel machine regression and linear mixed-effects models to estimate associations of EDCs (as a mixture and individually) with PSS-4 scores at baseline and at each follow-up visit, respectively. Increasing percentiles of the mixture were not strongly associated with PSS-4 scores at baseline, and no interactions were observed among EDCs. Several individual EDCs (eg, perfluorodecanoic acid, PCB 118, PBDE 99) were associated with higher PSS-4 scores at baseline or follow-up, and other EDCs (eg PCB 138/158) were associated with lower PSS-4 scores at baseline or follow-up. The directionality of associations for individual EDCs was inconsistent across follow-up visits. In conclusion, specific EDCs may be associated with perceived stress in Black women.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.
Counterfactuals and indeterminate possibility
Authors: Werner Jonas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper discusses a puzzle raised by Sharon Berry, published in Analysis. The question in the background of this puzzle is how we should deal with seemingly plausible possibility judgements that commit us to counterfactual truths that find no basis in reality. Three answers to this question and their corresponding solutions to the puzzle will be discussed. The last answer provides a way to make sense of the claim that it is in some cases indeterminate whether a proposition is possible and offers an account of indeterminate modal status.
Assessing the validity of driver gene identification tools for targeted genome sequencing data
Authors: Rojas-Rodriguez Felipe , Schmidt Marjanka K , Canisius Sander 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Most cancer driver gene identification tools have been developed for whole-exome sequencing data. Targeted sequencing is a popular alternative to whole-exome sequencing for large cancer studies due to its greater depth at a lower cost per tumor. Unlike whole-exome sequencing, targeted sequencing only enables mutation calling for a selected subset of genes. Whether existing driver gene identification tools remain valid in that context has not previously been studied.

Results
We evaluated the validity of seven popular driver gene identification tools when applied to targeted sequencing data. Based on whole-exome data of 14 different cancer types from TCGA, we constructed matching targeted datasets by keeping only the mutations overlapping with the pan-cancer MSK-IMPACT panel and, in the case of breast cancer, also the breast-cancer-specific B-CAST panel. We then compared the driver gene predictions obtained on whole-exome and targeted mutation data for each of the seven tools. Differences in how the tools model background mutation rates were the most important determinant of their validity on targeted sequencing data. Based on our results, we recommend OncodriveFML, OncodriveCLUSTL, 20/20+, dNdSCv, and ActiveDriver for driver gene identification in targeted sequencing data, whereas MutSigCV and DriverML are best avoided in that context.

Availability and implementation
Code for the analyses is available at https://github.com/SchmidtGroupNKI/TGSdrivergene_validity.
Biological Variation Data in Triathletes for Metabolism and Growth-Related Biomarkers Included in the Athlete Biological Passport
Authors: Moreno-Parro Isabel , Diaz-Garzon Jorge , Aarsand Aasne K , Sandberg Sverre , Aikin Reid , Equey Tristan , Ríos-Blanco Juan José , Buño Soto Antonio , Fernandez-Calle Pilar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
When using biological variation (BV) data, BV estimates need to be robust and representative. High-endurance athletes represent a population under special physiological conditions, which could influence BV estimates. Our study aimed to estimate BV in athletes for metabolism and growth-related biomarkers involved in the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP), by 2 different statistical models.

Methods
Thirty triathletes were sampled monthly for 11 months. The samples were analyzed for human growth hormone (hGH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), insulin, and N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (P-III-NP) by immunoassay. Bayesian and ANOVA methods were applied to estimate within-subject (CVI) and between-subject BV.

Results
CVI estimates ranged from 7.8% for IGFBP-3 to 27.0% for insulin, when derived by the Bayesian method. The 2 models gave similar results, except for P-III-NP. Data were heterogeneously distributed for P-III-NP for the overall population and in females for IGF-1 and IGFBP-3. BV components were not estimated for hGH due to lack of steady state. The index of individuality was below 0.6 for all measurands, except for insulin.

Conclusions
In an athlete population, to apply a common CVI for insulin would be appropriate, but for IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 gender-specific estimates should be applied. P-III-NP data were heterogeneously distributed and using a mean CVI may not be representative for the population. The high degree of individuality for IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and P-III-NP makes them good candidates to be interpreted through reference change values and the ABP.
A geometric morphometric analysis of wing variations in shape and size of the blue bottle fly, Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Gemmellaro M Denise , Forzisi Elena G , Anderson Gail S , Hamilton George C , Weidner Lauren M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A geometric morphometric analysis was performed on the right wing of adult Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy) collected across 4 altitudinal levels in Sicily. The objective of this study was to assess differences in shape and centroid size (CS) between females and males and across elevations. The wings analyzed in this study were removed from adults of C. vicina collected with baited traps at 20, 700, 1,153, and 1,552; for this study, 19 landmarks were identified in each wing. The coordinates of the landmarks were aligned and superimposed to prevent variations due to position, orientation, and scale; they were then scaled to the same CS and recentered. CS and Procrustes differences were, respectively, used to assess variations in size and shape. Significant differences were observed in wing shape between males and females but not between all altitudinal levels. Female wings were found to be significantly larger than males (P &lt; 0.01). Wings of flies collected at the highest altitudinal level resulted in significantly larger wings than those collected at lower altitudes (P &lt; 0.001), with CS values ranging from 12.1 to 14.1. Variation in wing shape can impact thermal regulation, and therefore, oxygen content, temperature, atmospheric pressure, and solar radiation can have an effect on an insect’s body and activity levels. At high elevations and lower temperatures, larger wings could mean less energy expenditure when flying to increase body temperature.
Stratifying cities: the effect of outdoor recreation areas on children’s well-being
Authors: Rubio-Cabañez Maria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study examines how the presence of outdoor recreation areas such as parks and playgrounds affects children’s well-being and how this effect is moderated by families’ socioeconomic status. Specifically, I aim to answer two research questions. First, does the presence of outdoor recreation areas in children’s neighbourhoods affect their cognitive well-being? Second, is there a differential effect depending on children’s socioeconomic status? The main part of the study uses data from the International Survey of Children’s Well-Being. The results suggest that the presence of outdoor recreation areas in children’s neighbourhoods has a positive effect on their well-being. In addition, the estimated effect of outdoor recreation areas is larger for children from families with low socioeconomic status. Finally, findings from the Growing Up in Ireland data set suggest that children’s reduced mental problems are a plausible mechanism through which outdoor recreation areas affect children’s well-being. These findings have meaningful policy implications. Providing better access to appropriate outdoor recreation areas appears to benefit disadvantaged children more and thus reduce inequality in children’s well-being.
Neighborhood Walkability Is Associated With Global Positioning System-Derived Community Mobility of Older Adults
Authors: Moored Kyle D , Crane Breanna M , Carlson Michelle C , Dunlap Pamela M , Brach Jennifer S , Rosso Andrea L 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeighborhood walkability may encourage greater out-of-home travel (ie, community mobility) to support independent functioning in later life. We examined associations between a novel walkability audit index and Global Positioning System (GPS)-derived community mobility in community-dwelling older adults. We compared associations with the validated Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Walkability Index and further examined moderation by clinical walking speed.MethodsParticipants were 146 older adults (Mean = 77.0 ± 6.5 years, 68% women) at baseline of a randomized trial to improve walking speed. A walkability index (range: 0–5; eg, land-use mix, crosswalks, and so on) was created using Google Street View audits within 1/8-mile of the home. Participants carried a GPS device for 5–7 days to derive objective measures of community mobility (eg, time spent out of home, accumulated distance from home).ResultsEach 1 SD (~1.3-point) greater walkability audit score was associated with a median 2.16% more time spent out of home (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.30–4.03, p = .023), adjusting for individual demographics/health and neighborhood socioeconomic status. For slower walkers (4-m walking speed &lt;1 m/s), each 1 SD greater audit score was also associated with a median 4.54 km greater accumulated distance from home (95% CI: 0.01–9.07, p (interaction) = .034). No significant associations were found for the EPA walkability index.ConclusionsWalkability immediately outside the home was related to greater community mobility, especially for older adults with slower walking speeds. Results emphasize the need to consider the joint influence of local environment and individual functioning when addressing community mobility in older populations.
A concept for the global assessment of tomographic resolution and uncertainty
Authors: Freissler Roman , Schuberth Bernhard S A , Zaroli Christophe 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARY
A major challenge in seismic tomography consists in quantifying and representing model resolution and uncertainty, particularly at global scales. This information is crucial for interpretations of tomographic images and their technical application in geodynamics. However, due to large computational costs, there have been only few attempts so far to coherently analyse the spatially varying resolving power for a complete set of model parameters. Here, we present a concept for an effective evaluation and global representation of the 3-D resolution information contained in a full set of averaging kernels. In our case, these kernels are constructed using the ‘Subtractive Optimally Localized Averages’ (SOLA) method, a variant of classic Backus-Gilbert inversion suitable for global tomography. Our assessment strategy incorporates the following steps: (1) a 3-D Gaussian function is fitted to each averaging kernel to measure resolution lengths in different directions and (2) we define a classification scheme for the quality of the averaging kernels based on their focus with respect to the estimated 3-D Gaussian, allowing us to reliably identify whether the inferred resolution lengths are robust. This strategy is not restricted to SOLA inversions, but can, for example, be applied in all cases where point-spread functions are computed in other tomographic frameworks. Together with model uncertainty estimates that are derived from error propagation in the SOLA method, our concept reveals at which locations, resolution lengths and interpretations of model values are actually meaningful. We finally illustrate how the complete information from our analysis can be used to calibrate the SOLA inversion parameters—locally tunable target resolution kernels and trade-off parameters—without the need for visual inspection of the individual resulting averaging kernels. Instead, our global representations provide a tool for designing tomographic models with specific resolution-uncertainty properties that are useful in geodynamic applications, especially for linking seismic inversions to models of mantle flow.
A UK Mw catalogue derived from coda envelopes
Authors: Peach Charlie , Nippress Stuart E J , Green David N , Mayeda Kevin , Wookey James M , Werner Maximilian J 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARY
The United Kingdom (UK) experiences low-to-moderate levels of seismicity; only 12 onshore earthquakes with local magnitude (ML) ≥ 4.0 have been recorded in the past 20 yr. It is therefore difficult to estimate moment magnitude (Mw) using conventional moment tensor inversion for the majority of UK seismicity, resulting in limited reliable estimates of Mw. To address this, we calibrated coda envelopes at 16 broad-band seismic stations distributed across the UK to produce an Mw catalogue for 100 events with Mw ≥ 2.13 that occurred since 2006. This was achieved using the open-source Coda Calibration Tool, which requires independent source parameter estimates for calibration. For 13 UK events between 2006 and 2022, we used spectral modelling to estimate apparent stress (0.32–1.74 MPa) and moment tensor inversion to estimate Mw (3.35–4.52). These independent source parameters formed a subset of the inputs into the final calibration, which used seismic data from 33 events with coda-derived values of 2.57$\le $ Mw$\le $4.49. The resultant coda calibration parameters were applied to 67 further events (Mw ≥ 2.13). The coda envelopes exhibit slow seismic coda decay across the UK, with significant energy up to 20 Hz, consistent with other regions of low tectonic activity. This Mw catalogue, and the application of the calibration to future UK seismic events, will be useful for both assessing seismic hazard and event characterization.