bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycobiota in needles ofAbies albawith and without symptoms of Herpotrichia needle browning
Authors: Kowalski T. , Andruch K. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe ascomyceteNematostoma parasiticum(syn.:Herpotrichia parasitica) is commonly perceived as the causal agent of the so‐called Herpotrichia needle browning in silver fir (Abies alba). However, its fruitbodies are rarely present on symptomatic needles, which are also colonized by many presumably saprotrophic fungi. We compared the internal colonization of healthy and symptomatic needles on two sites in Poland. In addition, the endophytic mycobiota in needles of various age was recorded on two other sites without disease symptoms. Fungi were isolated from 95.6% of the dead needles and from 62.9% of the living needles on symptomatic trees, whereas on healthy trees, only 45.0% of the needles were colonized internally. Colonization frequency increased with needle age. From a total of 2017 isolates, 116 fungal taxa were identified. Frequency of many species was influenced by needle type.Anthostomella formosa,Gloeosporidiellasp.,Hypoxylon fragiforme,Xylaria hypoxylonandX. polymorphawere the most common fungi isolated from living needles. In symptomless living needles, fungi occurred significantly more often in the basal than in the apical parts. In dead needles, the most common fungi wereAlternaria alternata,Paraconiothyrium sporulosum,Fusariumsp.,Mollisia cinerea,Rhizoctoniasp.,Rhizosphaera oudemansii,Thysanophora penicillioides,Xylaria hypoxylonandX. polymorpha.Rhizoctoniasp. was the most frequently isolated fungus in dead needles (23.4%) but occurred rarely also in living needles (0.3–1.1%). The supposed pathogenN. parasiticumwas detected only sporadically (at most in 0.6% of the needles). Our findings demonstrate the need for understanding the role ofRhizoctoniasp. in Herpotrichia needle browning disease aetiology.
A case of pityriasis rubra pilaris associated with membranous nephropathy
Authors: Lin Chin‐Yun , Maurice Paul DL , Cross Nick B 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTPityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare idiopathic dermatosis which may be associated with autoimmune diseases, HIV infection, and internal malignancies. Its association with renal diseases is, however, much less recognized. We report a case of PRP with associated membranous nephropathy (MN), which resolved spontaneously with resolution of the dermatosis. This is only the second reported association between PRP and MN of which we are aware. Further reports of such an association will strengthen the evidence for the two conditions being linked and may thereby shed light on the pathogenesis of both PRP and MN.
Tumour in solitary kidney: laparoscopic partial nephrectomy vs laparoscopic cryoablation
Authors: Haber Georges‐Pascal , Lee Michael C. , Crouzet Sebastien , Kamoi Kazumi , Gill Inderbir S. 
Published: September 2011

Study Type – Therapy (cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Tumour in a solitary functioning kidney represents an absolute indication for nephron‐sparing surgery whenever technically feasible. We report the longest follow‐up data comparing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and laparoscopic cryoablation in patients with solitary kidney with oncological follow‐up to five years.OBJECTIVES• We compare perioperative, functional and intermediate‐term oncological outcomes of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) vs laparoscopic cryoablation (LCA) for small renal tumour in patients with a solitary kidney.• A treatment algorithm is also proposed.PATIENT AND METHODS• Over a 10‐year period (02/1998‐09/2008), 78 patients with a small tumour in a functionally solitary kidney underwent LPN (n= 48) or LCA (n= 30).• Baseline, perioperative, and follow‐up data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS• Demographic data were similar between the LPN and LCA groups. Tumours were somewhat larger (3.2 vs 2.6 cm) in the LPN group. LPN was associated with greater blood loss (391 vs 162 mL; P= 0.003), and trended towards more post‐operative complications (22.9% vs 6.7%; P= 0.07).• By 3 months post‐operative, eGFR decreased by 14.5% and 7.3% after LPN and LCA, respectively (P= 0.02). Post‐operative temporary dialysis was required after 3 LPN (6.2% vs 0%, P= 0.16).• Median follow‐up time for LPN and LCA was 42.7 and 60.2 months, respectively.• Local recurrence was detected in 4 (13.3%) LCA patients only (P= 0.02).• Overall survival was comparable between LPN and LCA at 3 and 5 years, respectively (P= 0.74). The LPN group had superior cancer‐specific and recurrence‐free survival at 3 and 5 years compared to the LCA group (P < 0.05, for all comparisons).CONCLUSIONS• Given adequate technical expertise, both LPN and LCA are viable nephron‐sparing options for patients with tumour in a solitary kidney.• Although LCA is technically easier and has superior functional outcomes, oncologic outcomes are superior after LPN.
Which Fox in What Henhouse and When? Conjectures on Regulatory Capture
Authors: WEXLER MARK N. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis article takes an interdisciplinary lens to the treatment of regulatory capture (RC). RC ensues when government bureaucrats, regulators, and public sector agencies receive adverse publicity for ceasing to serve the wider collective public interest. The work is divided into four sections. The first takes the point of view of each of the participants in the capture situation and provides an overview of the three variations on the RC story. Each subsequent section focuses on a version of the story. RC 1, the libertarian free market version celebrates capture as inevitable and desirable. RC 2, the regulators' communitarian take on capture places it in the context of a cycle story with regulators dutifully doing the public's shifting will. In the RC 3 version, the public finds it difficult to piece together a coherent version of the morally charged narrative. The article concludes with a discussion of the relevance of each of these three versions of RC in order to understand dominant–submissive relationships between business and government.
Business Unusual: Corporate Responsibility in a 2.0 World*
Authors: WADDOCK SANDRA , MCINTOSH MALCOLM 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe imperatives of a growing consensus on human‐induced causes of climate change, an increasing gap between rich and poor, and the misguided incentives in the economic, business, and financial models that dominated the last quarter of the twentieth century and first decade of the twenty‐first century along with the emergence of Web 2.0's transparency have highlighted the need for a new approach to capitalism. Looking around the world, we can witness the emergence of numerous new forms of enterprise that are part of a broader movement that we are calling change to a sustainable enterprise economy (SEE Change). This article details the broad outlines of the emerging shift, highlighting the new types of enterprise that constitute the SEE. First, we set the context in which business unusual is evolving, a context of “wicked problems”uncertainty, and sustainability problems. Then we provide an overview of new types of enterprises that are already emerging to cope with these changes, enterprises of the cloud (interlinked, web‐based enterprises that rely on the “cloud” of computers that store data such as social media, eBay, and Google). Next, we outline how such enterprises are permitting processes of dematerialization and “servicization” (the shift from product to services) to create new forms of enterprise that are less dependent on physical resources. From here, we explore what we term enterprise unusual, corporations that incorporate pro‐social goals into their very essence, for example, for‐benefit corporations, the B Corporation, and conscious capitalism companies, along with a few entities that are shaping their product development along the lines of biomimicry. All of this change, we argue, has created a blurring of sector boundaries evidenced in the rapid emergence of social enterprise, of which explore a variety of types, and what is being called the fourth sector, where business purpose and pro‐social activity are combined.
Can Businesses Be Too Good? Applying Susan Wolf's “Moral Saints” to Businesses
Authors: SPURGIN EARL 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTSusan Wolf famously argues that moral sainthood is not an ideal for which persons should aim because it requires one to cultivate moral virtues to the exclusion of significant, nonmoral interests, and skills. I find Wolf's argument compelling in her context of persons, and seek to demonstrate that it remains so when the context is expanded to businesses. I argue that just as moral perfection precludes individuals from challenging societal norms and traditions in ways that benefit us, moral perfection prevents businesses from challenging norms and traditions in ways that can promote positive social change. I also describe, and respond to, three possible objections to my position, most notably the claim that businesses' greater social power justifies demanding moral perfection from them even though we should not demand moral perfection from persons.
Aging, Factor Returns, and Immigration Policy
Authors: Calahorrano Lena , Lorz Oliver 
Published: September 2011

AbstractImmigration has various economic and non‐economic effects on the destination country's inhabitants. In this paper, we focus on the impact of immigration on factor returns and analyze how aging affects immigration policy, employing a dynamic political‐economy model of representative democracy. Aging, that is, a decline in the growth rate of the native population, has an expansionary effect on immigration in this framework. This immigration effect may even overcompensate the initial contraction of the labor force. We show that the immigration rate in the representative democracy equilibrium exceeds the immigration rate that would maximize welfare of current and future generations, and we also discuss the influence of social security on immigration policy.
Subjective well‐being and aggregate unemployment: further evidence
Authors: Ochsen Carsten 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAccording to the literature, individual well‐being is negatively related to aggregate unemployment. This study examines whether the distribution of aggregate unemployment by duration affects well‐being, in addition to the level of unemployment. Different explanations are provided to indicate how the shares of short‐term (up to 3 months) and long‐term (more than 1 year) unemployed people could affect the well‐being of the employed and unemployed. Using data from almost 300,000 individuals from 11 EU countries, we find significant effects of both shares on life satisfaction. Among the unemployed, for example, we find a U‐shaped effect of the distribution of aggregate unemployment by duration on subjective well‐being, which compensates to some extent for the negative effect of the unemployment rate.
Does Increasing Parents’ Schooling Raise the Schooling of the Next Generation? Evidence Based on Conditional Second Moments*
Authors: Farré Lídia , Klein Roger , Vella Francis 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article investigates the degree of intergenerational transmission of education for individuals from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. Rather than identifying the causal effect of parental education via instrumental variables we exploit the feature of the transmission mechanism responsible for its endogeneity. More explicitly, we assume the intergenerational transfer of unobserved ability is invariant to the economic environment. This, combined with the heteroskedasticity resulting from the interaction of unobserved ability with socioeconomic factors, identifies the causal effect. We conclude that the observed intergenerational educational correlation reflects both a causal parental educational effect and a transfer of unobserved ability.
The impact ofguanxinetworks on the employment relations of rural migrant women in contemporary China
Authors: Zhang Nana 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTBased on qualitative data collected from Beijing, Shantou and 30 villages in Hebei and Henan with rural women migrants, their family members and employers, this article examines howguanxinetworks influence rural migrant women's employment relations, and how they are exploited by their employers throughguanxi. Research onguanxioften demonstrates its positive side, whereas this article examines the other side ofguanxi—the abuse of such connections in the process of employment relations.
From Los Angeles to Shanghai: Testing the Applicability of Five Urban Paradigms
Authors: LIU CATHY YANG 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article gauges the applicability of five urban paradigms derived from the urban experience of the Western world, especially from that of Los Angeles, to the urban realities of an East Asian city: Shanghai, China. The five metaphors — world city, cyber city, dual city, hybrid city and sustainable city — are each examined against Shanghai's urban context. The findings are that for Shanghai, and probably other East Asian cities, world city can be modified to mega city or globalizing city to denote a process of becoming; cyber city is more applicable to the physical networks connecting people, goods and information, although a ubiquitous virtual space is also emerging; a dual city and social segmentation exist on three scales: intra‐urban, local–global, and local–national; the hybrid city and sustainable city have been less of a concern in the past, but are gaining importance. Finally, given the significant role governments play in these cities, the notion of the developmentalist state is introduced. This broadened urban framework explicitly takes into account urban experiences in the East Asian context, and further extends the scope of comparative urban theorization and analysis, both spatially and temporally beyond the Western world.RésuméCet article évalue dans quelle mesure cinq paradigmes urbains nés de l'expérience de la ville dans le monde occidental, notamment celle de Los Angeles, sont applicables aux réalités urbaines d'une ville d'Asie orientale, à savoir Shanghai. Tour à tour, les cinq métaphores — ville mondiale, ville cybernétique, ville duale, ville hybride et ville durable — sont analysées en fonction du contexte urbain de Shanghai. D'après les résultats, dans le cas de Shanghai et sans doute d'autres villes est‐asiatiques, la ville mondiale peut être remplacée par la mégacité, ou la ville en voie de mondialisation pour marquer un processus en marche; la ville cybernétique s'applique mieux aux réseaux matériels qui relient individus, biens et informations, même si un espace virtuel généralisé est aussi en train de naître; la ville duale et la segmentation sociale existent dans trois dimensions: intra‐urbaine, locale‐mondiale et locale‐nationale; la ville hybride et la ville durable suscitaient peu d'intérêt dans le passé, mais elles gagnent de l'importance. Pour finir, les gouvernements jouant un rôle considérable dans ces villes, la notion d'État développementaliste est présentée. Ce cadre de référence urbain élargi prend explicitement en compte les expériences urbaines dans le contexte est‐asiatique, et repousse au‐delà du monde occidental les limites de la théorisation et de l'analyse urbaines comparatives, à la fois aux plans spatial et temporel.
Gene by environment interactions influencing reading disability and the inattentive symptom dimension of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Rosenberg Jenni , Pennington Bruce F. , Willcutt Erik G. , Olson Richard K. 
Published: September 2011

Background:  Reading disability (RD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are comorbid and genetically correlated, especially the inattentive dimension of ADHD (ADHD‐I). However, previous research indicates that RD and ADHD enter into opposite gene by environment (G × E) interactions.Methods:  This study used behavioral genetic methods to replicate these opposite G × E interactions in a sample of same‐sex monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs from the Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center (CLDRC; DeFries et al., 1997) and to test a genetic hypothesis for why these opposite interactions occur.Results:  We replicated opposite G × E interactions for RD (bioecological) and ADHD‐I (diathesis‐stress) with parental education in the same sample of participants. The genetic hypothesis for this opposite pattern of interactions is that only genes specific to each disorder enter into these opposite interactions, not the shared genes underlying their comorbidity. To test this hypothesis, we used single models with an exploratory three‐way interaction, in which the G × E interactions for each disorder were moderated by comorbidity. Neither three‐way interaction was significant. The heritability of RD did not vary as a function of parental education and ADHD‐I. Similarly, the heritability of ADHD‐I did not vary as a function of parental education and RD.Conclusions:  We documented opposite G × E interactions in RD and ADHD‐I in the same overall twin sample, but the explanation for this apparent paradox remains unclear. Examining specific genes and more specific environmental factors may help resolve the paradox.
Autistic symptoms in childhood arrestees: longitudinal association with delinquent behavior
Authors: Geluk Charlotte A.M.L. , Jansen Lucres M.C. , Vermeiren Robert , Doreleijers Theo A.H. , van Domburgh Lieke , de Bildt Annelies , Twisk Jos W.R. , Hartman Catharina A. 
Published: September 2011

Background:  To compare childhood arrestees with matched comparison groups on levels of autistic symptoms and to assess the unique predictive value of autistic symptoms for future delinquent behavior in childhood arrestees.Methods:  Childhood first‐time arrestees (n = 308, baseline age 10.7 ± 1.5 years) were followed up for 2 years. Autistic symptoms, externalizing disorders and delinquent behavior were assessed yearly. Childhood arrestees were compared on autistic symptoms with matched (age, gender) general population and clinical autism spectrum disorder samples. The predictive value of autistic symptoms for delinquent behavior was analyzed using generalized estimating equations.Results:  At each assessment, levels of autistic symptoms in childhood arrestees were in between levels found in the general population and autism spectrum disorder samples. Autistic symptoms were positively associated with delinquent behavior in childhood arrestees, even after adjustment for externalizing disorders: IRR (incidence rate ratio) 1.23; 95% CI 1.11–1.36 and IRR 1.29; 95% CI 1.15–1.45 for core autistic symptoms and total symptom score, respectively.Conclusions:  Autistic symptoms are more prevalent in childhood arrestees compared to the general population and are uniquely associated with future delinquent behavior. Attention should, therefore, be given to the possible presence of autism related symptomatology in these children. Implications for diagnostic assessment and intervention need further investigation.
Organizational differences in early child health care – mothers’ and nurses’ experiences of the services
Authors: Magnusson Margaretha , Lagerberg Dagmar , Sundelin Claes 
Published: September 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 161–168Organizational differences in early child health care – Mothers’ and nurses’ experiences of the servicesAim:  The aim of this study was to evaluate parents’ and nurses’ perceptions of the child health services (CHS) in relation to whether the nurse worked exclusively with children (focused‐child health centre, CHC) vs. with people of all ages (mixed‐CHC).Method:  Information about parents’ perceptions about the CHS was acquired by a questionnaire intended for the mothers of 18‐month‐old children. One thousand thirty‐nine answered in the baseline 2002–2003 and 996 in the follow‐up 2004–2005. The nurses answered a special questionnaire aimed to obtain knowledge about their satisfaction with their work. Eighteen CHCs were chosen from the county of Uppsala and eighteen from other Swedish counties. The CHCs were chosen from areas with poor psycho‐social status. The data were collected by questionnaires to mothers and nurses, and the analysis used the chi‐square test, t‐test and logistic regression. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of the universities involved.Results:  Mothers were more satisfied, and the nurses found their work tasks easier, at CHCs where the child health nurse worked exclusively with children, compared with mothers and nurses belonging to CHCs where the nurses provided care to people of all ages.Conclusion:  The findings indicated that nurses working exclusively with children, being able to concentrate their time and knowledge on a specialized field, develop a more solid child health competence. There are strong reasons to consider introducing ‘exclusive’ CHCs in psycho‐socially vulnerable areas, which would probably make the services more effective. However, intensified education may modify the drawbacks of mixed‐CHCs.
Demographics of apheresis platelet donors in five blood centers in China
Authors: Guo Nan , Wang Jingxing , Ness Paul , Yao Fuzhu , Dong Xiangdong , Bi Xinhong , Mei Heili , Li Julin , He Weilan , Lu Yunlai , Ma Hongli , Wen Xiuqiong , Huang Mei , Liu Jing , Wright David J. , Shan Hua ,   NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II), International Component
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND: Blood component donations by apheresis has become more common in modern blood transfusion practices. However, apheresis donation still remains less common in China. This study describes the demographic profile and transfusion‐transmissible infection (TTI) prevalence among donors making apheresis platelet (AP) donations compared to those making whole blood (WB) donations and the differences among five geographically diverse blood centers in China.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a descriptive study using data from all successful donations at the five blood centers in 2008 and 2009. Donor demographic and TTI screening reactive rates were collected for WB and AP donations and blood centers. Logistic regression was used to identify independent factors associated with AP donations.RESULTS: From January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2009, there were 512,594 WB and 26,199 AP donations at five blood centers. AP donations accounted for 4.9% of all donations. AP donations have lower reactive rate than WB donations for hepatitis B virus surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibodies, human immunodeficiency virus antibodies, and syphilis screening testing. Males, donors older than 25 years old, non‐Han donors, and donors with below high school educational level were more likely to make AP donations. The characteristics of AP donations differed among the five Chinese blood centers.CONCLUSION: Our analysis suggests that the characteristics of AP donations in China are different from WB donations and differ among the five Chinese blood centers. Some of the differences are likely due to different recruitment policies. Further studies should be conducted to understand what motivates Chinese blood donors to participate as AP donors.