bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of the extent of advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers by narrow band imaging with magnifying endoscopy
Authors: Matsuba Hiroki , Katada Chikatoshi , Masaki Takashi , Nakayama Meijin , Okamoto Tabito , Hanaoka Noboru , Tanabe Satoshi , Koizumi Wasaburo , Okamoto Makito , Muto Manabu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Narrow band imaging combined with magnifying endoscopy (NBI‐ME) is useful for the detection of superficial cancer in the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and esophagus. We used NBI‐ME to evaluate the frequency of superficial cancer spread (SCS) contiguous with advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers and esophageal cancers.Study Design:Retrospective.Methods:We retrospectively studied 45 patients with oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and 44 with esophageal cancer who underwent NBI‐ME from October 2006 through April 2009. The following variables were evaluated: 1) the frequency of SCS contiguous with advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and esophageal cancer, and 2) the influence of SCS contiguous with advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer on clinical T category and clinical stage.Results:SCS contiguous with the primary tumor was found in 49% (22/45) of the patients with advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and in 52% (23/44) of those with advanced esophageal cancer. When SCS contiguous with the primary tumor was included in the evaluation of tumor size in advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, the clinical T category and clinical stage were revised in 20% (9/45) and 4% (2/45) of patients, respectively; SCS was ≤2 cm in 64% of cases (14/22) and between >2 cm and ≤4 cm in 36% (8/22).Conclusions:NBI‐ME should be included in the pretreatment diagnostic work‐up to evaluate lesion extent and decide optimal surgical margins and radiation fields in patients with advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. Laryngoscope, 2011
The Use of Low‐Field Solid‐State NMR Relaxation to Study the Latex Extracted from Brosimum Parinarioides
Authors: Miguez Eduardo , Tavares Maria Inês Bruno , Spinola Camila 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe stability of the natural latex called Leite de Amapá, extracted from the Brosimum paranarioides tree, which is used as food and in popular medicine in Amazônia, was analyzed during an interval of twelve months. The molecular stability was monitored by proton spin‐lattice (T1H) and spin‐spin (T2H) relaxation times, which were measured with help of low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with 1H frequency at 23 MHz. According to the T2H measurements, the latex degrades continuously and significant differences can be observed after 6 months of storage at ambient conditions, when no sort of chemical of physical treatment is employed.
Optical and Structural Properties of Zein‐Xanthan Gum Biofilms
Authors: de Almeida Crislene Barbosa , Filho José Francisco Lopes 
Published: February 2011

AbstractStructural and optical characteristics of zein‐based films produced with different xanthan gum concentrations have been studied in this work. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) were performed to identify if the incorporation of the material into the matrix film, formed a homogeneous structure, as well as to characterize its constituents as the colour and shape. SEM showed a homogeneous matrix for the control (0% xanthan) with good lipid distribution. However, when the samples were investigated by OM, lipids globules in the control biofilm appeared larger and more dispersed in the matrix than the others samples. Transparency/opacity test measurements by UV‐VIS analysis indicated that the addition of xanthan to the film matrix lowered significantly its transparency properties Overall, the addition of xanthan gum favoured lipid dispersion in the matrix, making biomaterials more homogeneous, although with less transparency.
Galactomannan‐Alginate Synergism Applied in Albumin Encapsulation
Authors: Valenga Francine , Lucyszyn Neoli , Ono Lucy , de Souza Clayton F. , Lubambo Adriana F. , Sierakowski Maria Rita 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this work, the rheological properties of the partial replacement of sodium alginate (AL) by galactomannan extracted from the seeds of L. leucocephala (GML), with or without the presence of calcium ions, were evaluated. The viscoelastic behaviour of polysaccharide blends at 15 g·L−1 showed an increase in viscosity when AL was 50% (w/w) replaced by GML. The addition of calcium ions (45 mmol) increased the apparent viscosity of the blend more than 17 times, at a shear rate of 4 s−1. Micrographs of [GML/AL/ALB] Ca2+ crosslinked particles obtained by a spraying process were analysed by AFM and revealed spherical forms with diameters in the range of 518 nm, instead of 58.4 nm in the system without albumin. The results of ALB encapsulation (97% w/w) showed that the synergistic mixture GML/AL could be used, in the future, as a new carrier system.
In‐Situ Incorporation of Amoxicillin in PVA/PVAc‐co‐PMMA Particles during Suspension Polymerizations
Authors: Oliveira Marco Antonio M. , Melo Príamo A. , Nele Marcio , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEmbolization is a radiological technique that consists in occluding a blood vessel intentionally with an embolic agent (particle). A suspension polymerization process was developed to allow for production of embolic particles with core‐shell morphology. This technology was modified to allow for the in‐situ incorporation of antibiotics (amoxicillin) in PVA/PVAc‐co‐PMMA core‐shell particles. The incorporation of amoxicillin led to modification of some of the final polymer properties, including the particle morphology, the molecular weight distribution and the characteristic transition temperatures of the polymer material. The final polymer properties depended on the antibiotic concentration and on how the drug was added into the polymerization medium.
Analysis of Near Infrared Spectra during Methyl methacrylate (MMA) Suspension Polymerizations
Authors: Santos Jorge G.F. , Way Débora V. , Melo Príamo A. , Nele Márcio , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNear infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides means for real‐time monitoring of polymerization reactors. Previous experimental studies report successful implementations of NIR‐based monitoring techniques for styrene, vinyl chloride and acrylic acid / vinyl acetate suspension polymerizations; however, no information is available in the literature for methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerizations. For this reason, the main objective of this paper was analyzing the NIR spectra obtained in‐line and in situ during MMA suspension polymerizations and observing whether NIR spectra may be used for in‐line monitoring and control of the average particle size in these systems. Particularly, NIR spectral responses to changes of the average particle size were analyzed in poly(vinyl chloride), polystyrene and PMMA suspensions, showing that the NIR spectra of distinct reacting systems respond differently to modification of the suspended particle sizes. Finally, it was observed that the control of average particle sizes and particle size distributions in MMA suspension polymerizations requires that control actions be taken at the initial polymerization stages, when monomer conversion is below 30 wt%.
Study of the Mechanical and Biodegradable Properties of Cassava Starch/Chitosan/PVA Blends
Authors: Gomes Anida M.M. , da Silva Paloma L. , e Moura Carolina de L. , da Silva Claudio E.M. , Ricardo Nágila M.P.S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNatural and synthetic polymers have been widely used for preparation of biodegradable materials. In this work, three different blends containing starch/chitosan/PVA were prepared by varying the contents of cassava starch (MS blend), chitosan (CH blend) and PVA (PVA blend). The films were characterized through tensile/strength tests, infrared spectroscopy and biodegradation tests in soil. The PVA blends showed higher values of extension at break and lower loads, leading to more flexible materials when compared to MS and CH blends. The infrared spectra of all blends showed new bands that can be assigned to the carbonyl group (1716–1732 cm−1). Besides, changes in the intensity of other characteristic bands indicate that there are significant physical/chemical interactions among the components of the blends. All samples were shown to be biodegradable, leading to weight losses above 50% after 18 days of biodegradation in soil.
Nxf3 is expressed in Sertoli cells, but is dispensable for spermatogenesis
Authors: Zhou Jian , Pan Jieyan , Eckardt Sigrid , Leu N. Adrian , McLaughlin K. John , Wang P. Jeremy 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn eukaryotes, mRNA is actively exported to the cytoplasm by a family of nuclear RNA export factors (NXF). Four Nxf genes have been identified in the mouse: Nxf1, Nxf2, Nxf3, and Nxf7. Inactivation of Nxf2, a germ cell‐specific gene, causes defects in spermatogenesis. Here we report that Nxf3 is expressed exclusively in Sertoli cells of the postnatal testis, in a developmentally regulated manner. Expression of Nxf3 coincides with the cessation of Sertoli cell proliferation and the beginning of their differentiation. Continued expression of Nxf3 in mature Sertoli cells of the adult is spermatogenesis stage‐independent. Nxf3 is not essential for spermatogenesis, however, suggesting functional redundancy among Nxf family members. With its unique expression pattern in the testis, the promoter of Nxf3 can be used to drive postnatal Sertoli cell‐specific expression of other proteins such as Cre recombinase. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:241–249, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Streit der Gelehrten um das Atomgewicht
Authors: Reschetilowski Wladimir , Hegewald Heiner 
Published: February 2011

AbstractUm die Atomgewichtsfrage tobte um die Wende des 19. zum 20. Jahrhunderts ein heftiger Disput. Auch der Germanium‐Entdecker Clemens Winkler mischte sich mit deutlichen Worten ein, wie Briefe aus seinem Nachlass belegen.
A macroscopic damage‐plastic constitutive law for modeling quasi‐brittle fracture and ductile behavior of concrete
Authors: Sánchez P. J. , Huespe A. E. , Oliver J. , Diaz G. , Sonzogni V. E. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYA new phenomenological macroscopic constitutive model for the numerical simulation of quasi‐brittle fracture and ductile concrete behavior, under general triaxial stress conditions, is presented. The model is particularly addressed to simulate a wide range of confinement stress states, as also, to capture the strong influence of the mean stress value in the concrete failure mechanisms.The model is based on a two‐surface damage‐plastic formulation. The mechanical behavior in different domains of the stress space is separately described by means of a quasi‐brittle or ductile material response:

(i) For positive values of the mean stress (tensile states), an isotropic continuum damage model with strain softening is considered. In this context, and in order to avoid the Boundary Value Problem ill‐posedness induced by the softening law, a regularization technique based on the Continuum Strong Discontinuity Approach (CSDA) is adopted, which results equivalent to a damage model with embedded cohesive cracks providing anisotropic responses.
(ii) A plastic model governs the material behavior when the mean stress is negative (confinement states). It is based on the classical plastic flow theory. In particular, a yield criterion similar to that of Willam and coauthors, which depends on the three stress invariants, is used. Additional features defining the plastic response are: an isotropic strain hardening law and a non‐associative flow rule.The paper presents the numerical implementation of the model using an efficient integration algorithm, namely, the Impl‐Ex scheme. Several widely known experimental tests (such as uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial tests) carried out on concrete specimens are used to calibrate and validate the performance of the proposed formulation. Finally, a classical 2D reinforced concrete beam example is analyzed in order to show the predictive capability of the model in structural analysis applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical anatomy of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris
Authors: Ginger Van Anh T. , Cold Christopher J. , Yang Claire C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study was to describe the distal pathway of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris (DNC) from gross anatomical and histological studies of cadaver specimens.MethodsWe performed dissections on 14 intact adult cadaver vulva specimens using 2× loupe magnification and microscopy. The DNC was identified by gross dissection and confirmed histologically by staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome (MT), and S100 antibody. The DNC pathway and its branches were followed from the pubic rami to the glans clitoris.ResultsThe DNC travels inferior to the inferior pubic ramus along the superior/posterior edge of the clitoral crus. At the angle of the clitoral body, inferior to the pubic symphysis, the DNC enters the deep component of the suspensory ligament, which attaches to the clitoral body and to the pubic symphysis. The dorsal nerves, at the angle of the clitoral body, travel along the dorsal aspect of the clitoral body at the 11 and 1 o'clock positions. At the base of the clitoral body, the DNC is suspended superiorly away from the tunica. Distally along the clitoral body, the DNC descends and runs along the tunica and enters the glans. Within the glans, the terminal fibers are widely dispersed, and numerous receptors populate the supporting tissue of the glans beneath the epithelium.ConclusionsThe detailed description of the distal course of the nerve presented here has not been previously described in adult humans and is pertinent for surgical procedures involving the clitoris. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:412–416, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The correlation between clinical and urodynamic diagnosis in classifying the type of urinary incontinence in women. A systematic review of the literature
Authors: van Leijsen Sanne A.L. , Evert Janneke S. Hoogstad‐van , Mol Ben Willem J. , Vierhout Mark E. , Milani Alfred L. , Heesakkers John P.F.A. , Kluivers Kirsten B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAimsTo determine the reclassification rate of clinically diagnosed stress, mixed, and urge urinary incontinence after urodynamic investigation.MethodsA systematic review of the published literature in MEDLINE and EMBASE of clinical trials among women with urinary incontinence. Studies were included in case the diagnosis based on symptoms and/or signs was compared with the diagnosis after urodynamic investigation.ResultsTwenty‐three articles involving 6,282 women with urinary incontinence met the inclusion criteria. A clinical diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence was reclassified into mixed urinary incontinence in 9% of women and into detrusor overactivity (DO) in 7% of cases. The pooled reclassification rate was highest among patients with symptoms of mixed urinary incontinence, where 46% of the patients had stress urinary incontinence and 21% had DO on urodynamic investigation. The available literature does not allow the identification of the additional value of non‐invasive test, such as stress test and voiding diary, accessory to symptoms. None of the studies had therapeutic effects as an outcome measure.ConclusionsThis review of clinical studies shows that the level of agreement between classification based on clinical evaluation and based on urodynamic investigation is poor. Urodynamic observations are regarded as gold standard, but based on the poor correlation, this assumption should be questioned. 30:495–502, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and predictors of anthracycline cardiotoxicity in children treated for acute myeloid leukaemia: Retrospective cohort study in a single centre in the United Kingdom
Authors: Temming Petra , Qureshi Amrana , Hardt Juliane , Leiper Alison D. , Levitt Gillian , Ancliff Phillip J. , Webb David K.H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundAnthracycline cardiomyopathy is of concern in children treated for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), but there are few data on the incidence and natural history of cardiotoxicity after AML treatment in the United Kingdom, where regimens have included high anthracycline exposure.ProcedurePrevalence and predictors of cardiotoxicity were retrospectively reviewed in 124 children treated on the MRC AML 10 and AML 12 trials in a single, large centre from November 1987 to September 2004. Subclinical cardiotoxicity was defined as a shortening fraction of less than 28% and clinical cardiomyopathy as evidence of heart failure, and both were classified as late cardiotoxicity 1 year after completing first line therapy.ResultsCumulative survival was 61% at 10 years. The prevalence of early and late cardiotoxicity was 13.7% (95%‐CI: 8.2–22.0%) and 17.4% (95%‐CI: 10.9–26.8%), respectively. Early cardiotoxicity was a strong predictor (OR = 9.18; 95%‐CI: 2.10–40.11; P < 0.005) and children who received salvage therapy following relapse showed a trend towards increased late cardiotoxicity (OR = 3.53; 95%‐CI: 0.86–14.48; P < 0.08). Subclinical cardiotoxicity resolved spontaneously in all but one case, but clinical cardiomyopathy always required continuing therapy. Two children died of cardiomyopathy and six remained on medical therapy.ConclusionsAnthracycline cardiotoxicity remains a major concern for survivors of childhood AML and correlates with early cardiotoxicity and treatment intensity. Long‐term follow‐up is required to fully determine the outcome for children with subclinical cardiotoxicity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:625–630. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local control and outcome in children with localized vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Soft Tissue Sarcoma committee of the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Walterhouse David O. , Meza Jane L. , Breneman John C. , Donaldson Sarah S. , Hayes‐Jordan Andrea , Pappo Alberto S. , Arndt Carola , Raney R. Beverly , Meyer William H. , Hawkins Douglas S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe local control approach for girls with non‐resected vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) enrolled onto Intergroup RMS Study Group (IRSG)/Children's Oncology Group (COG) studies has differed from that used at other primary sites by delaying or eliminating radiotherapy (RT) based on response achieved with chemotherapy and delayed primary resection.ProceduresWe reviewed locoregional treatment and outcome for patients with localized RMS of the vagina on the two most recent COG low‐risk RMS studies.ResultsForty‐one patients with localized vaginal RMS were enrolled: 25 onto D9602 and 16 onto Subset 2 of ARST0331. Only four of the 39 with non‐resected tumors received RT. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of local recurrence was 26% on D9602, and the 2‐year cumulative incidence of local recurrence was 43% on ARST0331. Increased local failure rates appeared to correlate with chemotherapy regimens that incorporated lower cumulative doses of cyclophosphamide. Estimated 5‐year and 2‐year failure free survival rates were 70% (95% CI: 46%, 84%) on D9602 and 42% (95% CI: 11%, 70%) on ARST0331, respectively.ConclusionsTo prevent local recurrence, we recommend a local control approach for patients with non‐resected RMS of the vagina that is similar to that used for other primary sites and includes RT. We recognize that potential long‐term effects of RT are sometimes unacceptable, especially for children less than 24 months of age. However, when making the decision to eliminate RT, the risk of local recurrence must be considered especially when using a chemotherapy regimen with a total cumulative cyclophosphamide dose of ≤4.8 g/m2. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;57:76–83. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe H1N1‐associated acute respiratory failure in immunocompromised children
Authors: Elbahlawan Lama , Gaur Aditya H. , Furman Wayne , Jeha Sima , Woods Tina , Norris Angela , Morrison R. Ray 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundSevere pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection can lead to acute respiratory failure (ARF) with associated high mortality. Children with malignancy may be at higher risk of H1N1‐associated ARF because of underlying primary disease or immunosuppression associated with chemotherapy.ProcedureWe describe the clinical course and outcome of critically ill pediatric oncology/hematology patients with H1N1‐associated ARF.ResultsFive patients were admitted to the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH) ICU with H1N1 infection during the 2009–2010 influenza season. Underlying diagnoses included 2 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and one each with neuroblastoma, brainstem glioma, and hemolytic anemia secondary to pyruvate kinase deficiency. All patients were mechanically ventilated secondary to ARF following unsuccessful trials of non‐invasive ventilatory support. The majority of patients (4/5) required inotropic support, and none required dialysis. Further measures to support their ARF included high frequency oscillatory ventilation in 2 patients, nitric oxide in 3 patients, and surfactant in 1 patient. Three patients had bronchopleural air leak. All patients received oseltamivir; however, 2 were switched to intravenous zanamivir once resistance to oseltamivir was documented. Mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 24 ± 6.8 days and mean duration of ICU admission was 37 ± 12 days. All patients survived to hospital discharge.ConclusionOur series suggests an overall favorable outcome in immunocompromised children with H1N1‐related ARF. Our experience underscores the value of aggressive support during H1N1‐related ARF, and early detection and management of oseltamivir‐resistant H1N1 infection in this high‐risk population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 625–628. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Red cell exchange does not appear to increase the rate of allo‐ and auto‐immunization in chronically transfused children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Venkateswaran Lakshmi , Teruya Jun , Bustillos Christy , Mahoney Donald , Mueller Brigitta U. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundAllo‐ and auto‐antibody development is a well recognized complication of chronic red cell transfusion (RCT) in sickle cell disease (SCD). Limited matching of Rh (C, c, D, E, e) and K red cell antigens reduces the incidence of immunization.ProcedureWe reviewed our experience with red cell allo‐ and auto‐immunization in pediatric SCD patients receiving chronic and/or exchange transfusions, to evaluate the rate of immunization after limited red cell antigen matching and specifically during red cell exchange (RCE) transfusion. A retrospective chart review of the patients with SCD followed at our center between 2002 and 2006, who were started on chronic RCT before or during that time period, was conducted.ResultsOf the 93 patients who met study criteria, 23 (24%) developed antibodies during chronic red cell transfusions. Thirty‐four antibodies (15 auto‐antibodies, 18 allo‐antibodies) developed after the institution of limited red cell antigen matching. The rate of allo‐ and auto‐immunization per unit of red cell exposure after limited phenotyping was 1.5%, comparable to other published data. Fifteen patients underwent RCE, utilizing a total of 2,289 packed red cell units. None developed antibodies during RCE.ConclusionWe conclude that limited red cell antigen matching is an effective strategy for reducing the incidence of allo‐ and auto‐immunization in chronically transfused children with SCD. RCE does not appear to increase the risk of allo‐ or auto‐immunization, despite exposure to more red cell units. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 294–296. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.