bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Phase II Neoadjuvant Comparison Between Letrozole, Anastrozole, and Exemestane for Postmenopausal Women With Estrogen Receptor–Rich Stage 2 to 3 Breast Cancer: Clinical and Biomarker Outcomes and Predictive Value of the Baseline PAM50-Based Intrinsic Subtype—ACOSOG Z1031
Authors: Ellis Matthew J. , Suman Vera J. , Hoog Jeremy , Lin Li , Snider Jacqueline , Prat Aleix , Parker Joel S. , Luo Jingqin , DeSchryver Katherine , Allred D. Craig , Esserman Laura J. , Unzeitig Gary W. , Margenthaler Julie , Babiera Gildy V. , Marcom P. Kelly , Guenther Joseph M. , Watson Mark A. , Leitch Marilyn , Hunt Kelly , Olson John A. 
Published: May 2011

PurposePreoperative aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment promotes breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for estrogen receptor (ER) –positive breast cancer. To study this treatment option, responses to three AIs were compared in a randomized phase II neoadjuvant trial designed to select agents for phase III investigations.Patients and MethodsThree hundred seventy-seven postmenopausal women with clinical stage II to III ER-positive (Allred score 6-8) breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive neoadjuvant exemestane, letrozole, or anastrozole. The primary end point was clinical response. Secondary end points included BCS, Ki67 proliferation marker changes, the Preoperative Endocrine Prognostic Index (PEPI), and PAM50-based intrinsic subtype analysis.ResultsOn the basis of clinical response rates, letrozole and anastrozole were selected for further investigation; however, no other differences in surgical outcome, PEPI score, or Ki67 suppression were detected. The BCS rate for mastectomy-only patients at presentation was 51%. PAM50 analysis identified AI-unresponsive nonluminal subtypes (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 enriched or basal-like) in 3.3% of patients. Clinical response and surgical outcomes were similar in luminal A (LumA) versus luminal B tumors; however, a PEPI of 0 (best prognostic group) was highest in the LumA subset (27.1% v 10.7%; P = .004).ConclusionNeoadjuvant AI treatment markedly improved surgical outcomes. Ki67 and PEPI data demonstrated that the three agents tested are biologically equivalent and therefore likely to have similar adjuvant activities. LumA tumors were more likely to have favorable biomarker characteristics after treatment; however, occasional paradoxical increases in Ki67 (12% of tumors with > 5% increase after therapy) suggest treatment-resistant cells, present in some LumA tumors, can be detected by post-treatment profiling.
Size and specificity of radiopharmaceuticals for sentinel lymph node detection
Authors: Núñez Eutimio Gustavo Fernández , Teodoro Rodrigo , Wiecek Danielle Pereira , da Silva Natanael Gomes , Martinelli Jose Roberto , de Oliveira Filho Renato Santos 
Published: May 2011

Background Biological performance of radiotracers for sentinel node detection analyzed in the light of molecular design and dimension is not widely available. Purpose To evaluate the effect of dextran molecular size and the presence of tissue-binding units (mannose) within the model of 99mTc-carbonyl conjugate for sentinel lymph node detection. Material and Methods Four dextran conjugates with and without mannose in the chemical backbone were included. All polymers were radiolabeled using the precursor [99mTc(OH2)3(CO)3]+. Radiolabeling conditions targeted the best radiochemical purity and specific activity for each radiopharmaceutical, and partition coefficients were also defined. Lymphoscintigraphy and ex-vivo biodistribution in popliteal lymph node, liver and kidneys were performed in Wistar rats. The effects of molecular weight and mannose presence were assessed by a two-level factorial design. Results Radiochemical purity was indirectly related to molecular weight and presence of mannose in the polymer structure. All products were able to detect popliteal lymph node, however, uptake was strongly influenced by use of mannose (4-fold higher). Excretion was similarly modulated by differences in molecular weight. Mannose-enhanced lymph node uptake and higher molecule size in the range under study benefitted lymphoscintigraphic performance. Conclusion Screening of radiopharmaceuticals for lymphoscintigraphy might improve with attention to the mentioned physico-chemical features of the molecule.
Low typing endurance in keyboard workers with work-related upper limb disorder
Authors: Povlsen Bo 
Published: May 2011

Objective To compare results of typing endurance and pain before and after a standardized functional test. Design A standardized previously published typing test on a standard QWERTY keyboard. Setting An outpatient hospital environment. Participants Sixty-one keyboard and mouse operating patients with WRULD and six normal controls. Main outcome measure Pain severity before and after the test, typing endurance and speed were recorded. Results Thirty-two patients could not complete the test before pain reached VAS 5 and this group only typed a mean of 11 minutes. The control group and the remaining group of 29 patients completed the test. Two-tailed student T test was used for evaluation. The endurance was significantly shorter in the patient group that could not complete the test ( P < 0.00001) and the pain levels were also higher in this group both before ( P = 0.01) and after the test ( P = 0.0003). Both patient groups had more pain in the right than the left hand, both before and after typing. Conclusions Low typing endurance correlates statistically with more resting pain in keyboard and mouse operators with work-related upper limb disorder and statistically more pain after a standardized typing test. As the right hands had higher pain levels, typing alone may not be the cause of the pain as the left hand on a QWERTY keyboard does relative more keystrokes than the right hand.
Sildenafil protects human mammary epithelial cells against ROS production induced by estradiol
Authors: Taibi Gennaro , Cocciadiferro Letizia , Miceli Vitale , Carruba Giuseppe , Nicotra Concetta M.A. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Several studies suggest that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and its oxidase form (XO) play an important role in various types of ischemic and vascular injuries. Recently, we have demonstrated that estradiol (E2) induces a significant decrease of the expression and activity of XDH and of its conversion to XO in human mammary epithelial cells. E2 is known to induce upregulation of eNOS gene expression in aortic endothelial cells. Because the XO-derived O2·– combines with ·NO to yield ONOO–, and considering that ONOO– converts XDH to XO, the resulting increase of XO activity and reactive oxygen species production would eventually lead to a further increase of ONOO– production, thus creating a vicious cycle of oxidative stress. Our previous study has indicated that sildenafil has a protective effect on human mammary epithelial cells as a consequence of XO inhibition and of the resulting decrease of free oxygen radicals that can impair the expression of NADPH oxidase and type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE-5). In the present study, we report that the dual inhibitory effect exerted by sildenafil on both XO and PDE-5 is a consequence of a structural modification induced by O2·–, also consisting of the release of a piperazine group that could in turn inhibit the XO enzyme.
Functions of Yeast Hsp40 Chaperone Sis1p Dispensable for Prion Propagation but Important for Prion Curing and Protection From Prion Toxicity
Authors: Kirkland P Aaron , Reidy Michael , Masison Daniel C 
Published: May 2011

AbstractReplication of amyloid-based yeast prions [PSI+], [URE3], and [PIN+] depends on the protein disaggregation machinery that includes Hsp104, Hsp70, and Hsp40 molecular chaperones. Yet, overexpressing Hsp104 cures cells of [PSI+] prions. An Hsp70 mutant (Ssa1-21p) antagonizes propagation of [PSI+] in a manner resembling elevated Hsp104. The major cytosolic Hsp40 Sis1p is the only Hsp40 required for replication of these prions, but its role in [PSI+] curing is unknown. Here we find that all nonessential functional regions of Sis1p are dispensable for [PSI+] propagation, suggesting that other Hsp40’s might provide Hsp40 functions required for [PSI+] replication. Conversely, several Sis1p functions were important for promoting antiprion effects of both Ssa1-21p and Hsp104, which implies a link between the antiprion effects of these chaperones and suggests that Sis1p is a specific Hsp40 important for [PSI+] curing. These contrasting findings suggest that the functions of Hsp104 that are important for propagation and elimination of [PSI+] are either distinct or specified by different Hsp40's. This work also uncovered a growth inhibition caused by [PSI+] when certain functions of Sis1p were absent, suggesting that Sis1p protects cells from cytotoxicity caused by [PSI+] prions.
National Ambulatory Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns for Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection, 1998–2007
Authors: Copp Hillary L. , Shapiro Daniel J. , Hersh Adam L. 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE:
The goal of this study was to investigate patterns of ambulatory antibiotic use and to identify factors associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing for pediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs).

METHODS:
We examined antibiotics prescribed for UTIs for children aged younger than 18 years from 1998 to 2007 using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Amoxicillin-clavulanate, quinolones, macrolides, and second- and third-generation cephalosporins were classified as broad-spectrum antibiotics. We evaluated trends in broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing patterns and performed multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic use.

RESULTS:
Antibiotics were prescribed for 70% of pediatric UTI visits. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic (49% of visits). Broad-spectrum antibiotics were prescribed one third of the time. There was no increase in overall use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (P = .67); however, third-generation cephalosporin use doubled from 12% to 25% (P = .02). Children younger than 2 years old (odds ratio: 6.4 [95% confidence interval: 2.2–18.7, compared with children 13–17 years old]), females (odds ratio: 3.6 [95% confidence interval: 1.6–8.5]), and temperature ≥100.4°F (odds ratio: 2.9 [95% confidence interval: 1.0–8.6]) were independent predictors of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing. Race, physician specialty, region, and insurance status were not associated with antibiotic selection.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ambulatory care physicians commonly prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of pediatric UTIs, especially for febrile infants in whom complicated infections are more likely. The doubling in use of third-generation cephalosporins suggests that opportunities exist to promote more judicious antibiotic prescribing because most pediatric UTIs are susceptible to narrower alternatives.
Asymmetry of the latent heat signature in b-axis oriented single crystal Gd5Si2Ge2
Authors: Morrison K. , Pecharsky V.K. , Gschneidner K.A. , Cohen L.F. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTA 100 micron fragment of a b-axis oriented single crystal Gd5Si2Ge2 has been studied using microcalorimetry, enabling the separate measurement of the heat capacity and the latent heat. The sample was taken from the same crystal previously studied with Hall probe imaging, which showed that the phase transition is seeded by a second phase of Gd5Si1.5Ge1.5 nanoplatelets on the increasing field sweep direction only. The multiple transition features observed in the latent heat signature suggests a nucleation size of approximately 20 μm, consistent with the lengthscale suggested by Hall imaging. The difference in nucleation and growth process with field sweep direction is clearly identified in the latent heat. We show that the latent heat contribution to the entropy change is of the order of 50% of the total entropy change and unlike other systems studied, the transition does not broaden (and the latent heat contribution does not diminish significantly) as magnetic field and temperature are increased within the parameter range explored in these experiments.
Preparation and Assessment of Superhydrophobic Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Coatings for Conservation of Yungang Grottoes
Authors: Tian Shipeng , Liu Shaojun , Gao Feng , Fan Min , Ren Jianguang 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTYungang Grottoes in Shanxi, China, which represent outstanding example of Chinese outdoor immovable stone artifacts, are precious world cultural heritage. In the present study, the preparation and assessment of superhydrophobic hybrid coatings with photocatalytic activity on the sandstone substrate collected from Yungang were explored preliminarily. The protection efficiency of coating is investigated by measuring the water-stone contact angles, water vapor permeability, water absorption, and resistance to acid and salt corrosion. Results show that the superhydrophobic organic-inorganic hybrid coatings with photocatalytic and self-cleaning properties are highly suitable for the conservation of stone monuments.
The Early Iron Age Metal Workshop at Tell Tayinat, Turkey
Authors: Roames Jim 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTScholars have tried to link the dramatic rise of iron production in the Near East during the Early Iron Age with changes to the political landscape that occurred at the end of the Late Bronze Age. These attempts have been hindered by a lack of excavated iron production contexts dating to the Early Iron Age. The recent discovery of an Early Iron Age metal workshop at the site of Tell Tayinat, Turkey, provides an opportunity to reexamine some previous assumptions. Preliminary chemical analysis of metal and slag samples indicates that during the 12th century BC iron- and bronze-working were not separate, specialized industries. Instead, production of both materials took place within the same workshop context. Furthermore, this work highlights the importance of prestige goods in the Early Iron Age repertoire.
Preoperative Chemotherapy for Operable Breast Cancer Is Associated with Better Compliance with Adjuvant Therapy in Matched Stage II and IIIA Patients
Authors: Komenaka Ian K. , Hsu Chiu-Hsieh , Martinez Maria Elena , Bouton Marcia E. , Low Boo Ghee , Salganick Jason A. , Nodora Jesse , Hibbard Michael L. , Jha Chandra 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Introduction.
Preoperative chemotherapy (PC) for operable breast cancer has shown significant benefits in prospective trials. Many patients are treated in the community setting and some may question the applicability of PC outside the university setting.

Methods.
Retrospective review was performed of stage II and IIIA breast cancer patients treated from January 2002 to July 2009. Fifty-three of 57 patients who underwent PC were matched based on age, tumor size, and hormone receptor status with 53 patients who did not undergo PC. Differences in patient compliance with physician recommendations for all types of adjuvant therapy were evaluated. Crude odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios derived from conditional logistic regression models were calculated.

Results.
There were 106 patients included. Patient compliance with chemotherapy was better in the PC group than in the adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) group (100% versus 70%; p = .0001). Similarly, more patients in the PC group completed radiation therapy (96% versus 65%; p = .0003) and initiated hormonal therapy (100% versus 62%; p = .0001).
Conditional logistic regression revealed that higher pathologic stage and current cigarette smoking were associated with poorer compliance with chemotherapy. For radiation therapy, the univariate model revealed that compliance with chemotherapy and being employed were associated with completion of radiation, whereas current cigarette smoking and larger pathologic size were associated with poorer compliance with radiation. For hormonal therapy, current cigarette smokers were more likely to be noncompliant with initiation of hormonal therapy.

Conclusions.
PC for operable breast cancer can improve patient compliance with chemotherapy. Current cigarette smokers were more likely to be noncompliant with all types of adjuvant therapy.
A New Method for Volumetric Evaluation of Gingival Recessions: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Lehmann Karl Martin , Kasaj Adrian , Ross Armin , Kämmerer Peer Wolfgang , Wagner Wilfried , Scheller Herbert 
Published: May 2011

Background: This preliminary in vitro study, presented at the General Session of the International and American Association for Dental Research in 2010 (Barcelona, Spain), evaluates whether three‐dimensional (3D) optical scanning and subsequent superimposing procedures could be used for reproducible volumetric evaluation of gingival recession.Methods: Silicone impressions were taken of mandibular and maxillary master casts, and eight stone replicas of each master cast were produced. Each replica was scanned 10 times with a 3D optical system, and 3D datasets representing the computer‐aided design reference models were calculated using a triangulation method. Marks designating gingival recession were scratched into the anterior segments of the replicas. The modified replicas were then scanned 10 times, and 3D datasets were calculated and subsequently superimposed. Differences in the volume of the gingival recession were recorded with reference to the initial data.Results: The determination of gingival recession volume was highly reproducible. For all replicas, the 3D optical method showed small standard deviations and intraclass correlation coefficients between 0.997 and 0.999.Conclusions: This new method allows the reproducible volumetric evaluation of gingival recession marks on stone replicas. Additional clinical trials are necessary to confirm these in vitro findings. This method allows the operator to control the volumetric progression of periodontal soft tissue, for example, after root coverage procedures and to detect relapses at an early stage.
Microalbuminuria in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Lind-Ayres Melanie , Thomas William , Holme Bonnie , Mauer Michael , Caramori Maria Luiza , Moran Antoinette 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
We previously found that microalbuminuria (MA) is present in 14% of patients with long-standing cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD). However, others have reported much higher rates of MA in CF patients with and without diabetes (32–67%), suggesting this test is not sufficiently specific for diabetic nephropathy screening in CF. We investigated transient (TMA) and persistent (PMA) microalbuminuria in CF patients to resolve these contradictory findings.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We reviewed 1,449 outpatient urinary albumin measurements from 467 patients aged ≥10 years, which were collected over a decade. TMA was defined as a single episode of MA that subsequently was resolved. PMA was defined as two consecutive or two out of three consecutive measurements in the MA range.

RESULTS
The prevalence of TMA that subsequently was resolved in CF patients was similar to the general population. It was found in 7.6% of patients, including 5% of youth (aged 10–17 years) and 9% of adults. PMA was found in 6.1% of the overall CF population, including 2% of youth and 8% of adults. The odds of PMA were increased sevenfold in patients with CFRD (95% CI 2.5–20, P = 0.0002) and 48-fold in patients with both CFRD and organ transplant (95% CI 13–177, P &lt; 0.0001). The five patients with PMA in the absence of CFRD or transplant included two youths with presumed benign orthostatic MA and three adults with hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS
The spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio is specific enough to be a valid screening test for diabetic kidney disease in CFRD.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity and the Subsequent Risk of Incident Dysglycemia
Authors: Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Sun Cong , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Pezic Angela , Venn Alison , Shaw Jonathan E. , Dunstan David W. , Barr Elizabeth L.M. , Blair Steven N. , Cochrane Jenny , Zimmet Paul Z. , Dwyer Terence 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
To investigate pedometer-measured physical activity (PA) in 2000 and change in PA over 5 years with subsequent risk of dysglycemia by 2005.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This prospective cohort study in Tasmania, Australia, analyzed 458 adults with normal glucose tolerance and a mean (SD) age of 49.7 (12.1) years in 2000. Variables assessed in 2000 and 2005 included PA, by pedometer and questionnaire, nutrient intake, and other lifestyle factors. Incident dysglycemia was defined as the development of impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance revealed by oral glucose tolerance testing in 2005, without type 2 diabetes.

RESULTS
Incident dysglycemia developed in 26 participants during the 5-year period. Higher daily steps in 2000 were independently associated with a lower 5-year risk of incident dysglycemia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.87 [95% CI 0.77–0.97] per 1,000-step increment). Higher daily steps in 2005, after controlling for baseline steps in 2000 (thus reflecting change in steps over 5 years), were not associated with incident dysglycemia (AOR 1.02 [0.92–1.14]). Higher daily steps in 2000 were also associated with lower fasting blood glucose, but not 2-h plasma glucose by 2005. Further adjustment for BMI or waist circumference did not remove these associations.

CONCLUSIONS
Among community-dwelling adults, a higher rate of daily steps is associated with a reduced risk of incident dysglycemia. This effect appears to be not fully mediated through reduced adiposity.
Incidence and Prevalence of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction in People With Diabetes
Authors: MacDonald Michael R. , Petrie Mark C. , Home Philip D. , Komajda Michel , Jones Nigel P. , Beck-Nielsen Henning , Gomis Ramon , Hanefeld Markolf , Pocock Stuart J. , Curtis Paula S. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence and incidence of unrecognized myocardial infarction in a contemporary population with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed a retrospective analysis of the electrocardiograms (ECGs) recorded at baseline and after 2 years for the first 1,004 type 2 diabetic individuals to be randomized in the Rosiglitazone Evaluated for Cardiac Outcomes and Regulation of Glycemia in Diabetes (RECORD) study.

RESULTS
ECGs suitable for analysis were obtained from 669 participants. The prevalence of unrecognized Q-wave myocardial infarction at baseline was 1.9% (n = 13). The incidence of unrecognized Q-wave myocardial infarction at the end of 2 years of follow-up was 1.5/1,000-person-years (n = 2). One-third (13 of 39) of prevalent and one-quarter (2 of 8) of incident myocardial infarctions were unrecognized.

CONCLUSIONS
Although the prevalence and incidence of myocardial infarction was low, unrecognized Q-wave myocardial infarctions made up a substantial proportion of all events.