bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pembrolizumab‐induced acquired perforating dermatosis
Authors: Gu Yaron , de Silva Dinuke , Henderson Christopher J. A. , Sebaratnam Deshan F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors such as the programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) inhibitors, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, are frontline treatments for several types of solid‐organ malignancies. However, cutaneous adverse effects with PD‐1 inhibitor therapy are common and include lichenoid reactions, eczema, vitiligo and bullous dermatoses. Perforating dermatosis is a rare condition characterised by the extrusion of degenerate materials from the upper dermis through the epidermis and has rarely been reported in association with PD‐1 inhibitor therapy. Herein, we report the first case to our knowledge of acquired perforating dermatosis following treatment with pembrolizumab.
The tip of the tongue: Language‐based chronic social exclusion and tipping as a refocusing strategy
Authors: Malik Aaminah Zaman , Guzmán Francisco , Vo Khue (Kylie) 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLanguage is crucial for successful service exchange, yet it can also become a source of chronic social exclusion for nonnative speakers in the host country. This research examines how language‐based chronic social exclusion affects nonnative consumers' experiences and consequently, their tipping behavior. The results from a survey with 355 nonnative speakers in the USA and 355 nonnative speakers in the UK, along with a field study, reveal that these customers feel threatened in terms of their relational and efficacy needs, influencing their desire to restore their self‐image. This, in turn, positively influences their tipping behavior. This study is the first to empirically explore language‐based chronic social exclusion and its psychological and behavioral effects from the speakers' (nonnative customers') perspective in a service exchange setting. It highlights the importance of inclusive practices and policies to support socially excluded customers based on their language.
Mechanochromic Polymer Film with High Sensitivity toward Tensile Strain by the Post‐Curing Ring‐Closure Induced Pre‐Stretching
Authors: He Peiyu , Wei Cheng , Wang Qin , Liu Fengrui , Liang Shuen , Xu Yewei , Kang Biao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMechanochromic materials have received broad research interests recently, owing to its ability to monitor the in situ stress/strain in polymer materials in a straightforward way. However, one major setback that hinders the practical application of these materials is their low sensitivity toward tensile strain. Here a new strategy for pre‐stretching of the mechanochromic agent in a polymer film on the molecular scale, which can effectively enhance the mechanochromic sensitivity of a polymer film toward tensile strain, is shown. In situ fluorescent measurement during tensile test shows an early activation of the mechanochromic agent at tensile strain as low as 50%. The pre‐stretching effect is realized by first inducing ring‐opening of the mechanochromic agent by molecular functionalization, and then compelling the ring‐closure process in the cured film by elevated temperature. This post‐curing ring‐closure process will result in pre‐stretched mechanochromic agent in a crosslinked network. The mechanism for mechanochromic activation of polymer films with different composition is elaborated by visco‐elastic measurements, and the effect of pre‐stretching is further confirmed by films with other compositions. Combined with the simplicity of the method developed, this work could offer an alternative strategy to enhance the sensitivity of different mechanochromic agents toward tensile strain.
On the geometry dependence of the nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift of mercury in thiolate complexes: A relativistic density functional theory study
Authors: Wu Haide , Hemmingsen Lars , Sauer Stephan P. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThiolate containing mercury(II) complexes of the general formula [Hg(SR)
]
have been of great interest since the toxicity of mercury was recognized. 199Hg nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a powerful tool for characterization of mercury complexes. In this work, the Hg shielding constants in a series of [Hg(SR)
]
complexes are therefore investigated computationally with particular emphasis on their geometry dependence. Geometry optimizations and NMR chemical shift calculations are performed at the density functional theory (DFT) level with both the zeroth‐order regular approximation (ZORA) and four‐component relativistic methods. The four exchange‐correlation (XC) functionals PBE0, PBE, B3LYP, and BLYP are used in combination with either Dyall's Gaussian‐type (GTO) or Slater‐type orbitals (STOs) basis sets. Comparing ZORA and four‐component calculations, one observes that the calculated shielding constants for a given molecular geometry have a constant difference of
1070 ppm. This confirms that ZORA is an acceptable relativistic method to compute NMR chemical shifts. The combinations of four‐component/PBE0/v3z and ZORA/PBE0/QZ4P are applied to explore the geometry dependence of the isotropic shielding. For a given coordination number, the distance between mercury and sulfur is the key factor affecting the shielding constant, while changes in bond and dihedral angles and even different side groups have relatively little impact.
The female urethral closure mechanism during physical stress
Authors: Venema Pieter L. , Heesakkers John PFA. , de Vries Allert M. , van Koeveringe Gommert A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe closure of the urethra under the condition of stress is the result of a reflex contraction of the urethral rhabdosphincter and pelvic floor muscles. This is likely induced by activity of the abdominal muscles due to a sudden increase in abdominal pressure. This reflex contraction with an increase of urethral pressure occurs a few milliseconds before an increase in intraabdominal pressure. The urethral pressure increase during stress is only possible with fixation of the urethra by the pubourethral ligaments (PUL), facilitating urethral kinking. The highest and most important increase in pressure and resistance occurs in the distal urethra due to this kinking of the urethra.
Nonmetric population‐specific sex estimation based on the skull using logistic regression for Flemish samples
Authors: Wongsantativanich Maggie , De Groote Isabelle 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere are very few sex estimation methods specifically designed for or tested on Belgian skulls. The currently used methods for European populations have been developed using North American collections where individuals are categorized as White and/or having European ancestry. These frequently show discordance between the pelvic sex and cranial sex estimations highlighting the need for population specific methods. To fill this gap in our knowledge, several sex estimation methods, using 15 qualitative skull features, were tested on two Flemish (northern Belgium) skeletal collections; one archaeological (15th–17th century) and one forensic (20th century). The features were tested by themselves as well as in different combinations using logistic regression. The glabella is considered the best lone feature with a minimal accuracy of 78.4% and a sex bias of −5.2%. Furthermore, four sex estimation equations were developed for the skull, the cranium, the mandible, and the frontal bone separately. The skull has an accuracy of 89.3% and a bias of 0.8%. For the cranium, this is 87.5% and −0.3%, respectively, for the mandible 85.1% and −0.1%, and for the frontal bone it is 80.4% and −4.6%. The various tests confirm that many skull features can be used for sex estimation and can generate high sex estimation accuracy.
Association Between Intracochlear Electrode Design and Electrically‐Evoked Compound Action Potential Measures in Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Seo , Hong Sung Hwa , Moon Il Joon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveCochlear implant (CI) electrode design has changed over time. Changes in intracochlear electrode design might influence the spread of neural activation along the auditory nerve and the number of independent channels. This study aimed to investigate the impact of intracochlear electrode design on the electrode‐neuron interface using electrophysiological measures.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingA single tertiary hospital.MethodsFifty‐two ears who were implanted with CI divided into 3 groups based on the design of intracochlear electrode arrays. Twenty‐three ears were implanted with lateral wall straight electrodes. Eighteen ears were implanted with the slim perimodiolar electrode, and 11 ears were implanted with the old perimodiolar electrode. Various electrically‐evoked compound action potential (ECAP) metrics were measured to quantify spread of excitation and channel interaction.ResultsECAP threshold and slope were not significantly different among groups. ECAP spread of excitation (SOE) half‐width and channel interaction index (CII) were significantly larger in subjects implanted with the lateral wall straight electrodes, indicating a wider spread of excitation compared to those with perimodiolar electrodes. Electrode impedance was significantly lower in subjects implanted with perimodiolar electrodes than those with lateral wall electrodes.ConclusionPerimodiolar electrode groups yielded significantly narrower SOE half‐widths and smaller CII than the lateral wall straight electrode group. This may indicate that the electrode array that hugged the modiolus had less overlap in neural excitation between adjacent electrodes, resulting in reduced channel interaction and potentially better spectral resolution than the electrode array positioned more laterally.
Crashworthiness design and multi‐objective optimization of 3D‐printed carbon fiber‐reinforced nylon nested tubes
Authors: Jiang Zhiyu , Zhao Jian , Xing Shaohua , Sun Xudong , Qu Minjie , Lv Huanlin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents a novel variable thickness nested tube consisting of circular tube and origami tube (VTCO) designed to reduce the initial peak crushing force (PCF) under axial loading while maintaining high energy absorption. The core of this design is to achieve progressive and controlled energy absorption and to reduce peak forces as well as accelerations that can lead to passenger injuries. Nested tube structures were fabricated using short carbon fiber‐reinforced nylon composites through 3D printing technology, and quasi‐static axial compression tests were performed. The results show that equal‐thickness nested tubes consisting of circular tubes and origami tubes (ETCO) perform better in terms of energy absorption and deformation stability compared to circular and origami tubes individually. The further improved VTCO reduced the PCF by 53% and significantly improved the crash force efficiency (CFE) by 54%. The VTCO structure was parametrically investigated by means of a validated finite element model and optimized using the Non‐Symmetric Dominance Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA‐II). The optimization results provide a feasible way to adjust the structural crashworthiness to meet different engineering requirements. This study provides valuable insights into the energy‐absorbing properties of VTCO structures and is an important guide for the application and material development of novel VTCO structures.Highlights
ETCO offers better energy absorption and stability than circular and origami tubes individually.
VTCO is superior to ETCO in reducing PCF and increasing CFE.
Multi‐objective optimization using NSGA‐II to balance conflicting crashworthiness indicators.
Preparation and properties of resin matrix composites reinforced by high thermal conductivity graphite films
Authors: Wang Yujie , Wang Kun , Ma Zhaokun , Meng Taisheng , Cao Ruixiong , Jiang Nan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh thermal conductivity graphite films (GFs) have a thermal conductivity, which have attracted much attention in recent years. As the surface of GFs is extremely smooth, the resin matrix and GFs are only connected by van der Waals forces, and it is difficult to produce chemical bonds between them, resulting in poor mechanical properties of the composites. In this study, the composites were prepared by etching defects on the surface of GFs by high‐temperature heat treatment. It was determined that the critical temperature range for effective etching was between 600 and 650°C. The GFs were subjected to high‐temperature heat treatment to create circular, hexagonal, and disordered groove‐like defects, and then combined with prepregs and bismaleimide resins in a single molding process. The composites exhibit a distinct layered “sandwich” structure, where surface‐induced defects enhance the interfacial adhesion between GFs and the resin matrix, creating a “nail‐punched” structure. The thermal conductivity of the S‐650 sample in the X‐direction was up to 1187.93 W/(m·K), and the flexural strength of the S‐800 sample was up to 116.18 MPa. The prepared composites are expected to be widely used in thermal interface fields such as heat exchangers, battery heat dissipation and aerospace thermal control systems.Highlights
High‐temperature treatment was used to successfully introduce defects into GFs.
The formation mechanisms of the three types of defects were explained.
The thermal conductivity of the composites was increased to over 1000 W/(m·K).
Composites reinforced with modified GFs exhibit enhanced mechanical properties.
Characterization of the chemical constituents of Croton crassifolius Geisel extract and plasma pharmacokinetics of 6 terpenoids after oral administration by UPLC‐Q/TOF‐MS
Authors: Shen Xiuting , Zhong Pinfei , Jiang Shiqin , Xuan Shenxin , Zeng Wei , Zhao Zhongxiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionCroton crassifolius Geisel. (CCG) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in South China. It has various pharmacological effects and is often used in treating rheumatoid arthritis and gastric and duodenal ulcers. However, the chemical characteristics and its effective constituents are still scarcely studied.ObjectiveTo determine the phytochemical profile of the CCG extract and to investigate the chemical characteristics of terpenoids extracted from rat plasma following oral administration of CCG extract based on UPLC‐Q/TOF‐MS. Moreover, six terpenoids in CCG were quantified, and in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior after oral CCG extract was further explored.ResultsIn total, 56 terpenoids were tentatively identified in the CCG extract and 16 terpenoids were detected in rat plasma after oral CCG extract. In addition, the contents of six terpenoids in CCG were clarified. The plasma quantification method of six terpenoids was further established, validated, and confirmed to have good sensitivity and specificity. The six analytes exhibited excellent linearity in respective concentration ranges (r ≥ 0.998). The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions relative standard deviation (RSD, %) were less than 11.27%, and the accuracies ranged from −7.06% to 9.91%. Stability, extraction recovery, and matrix effect in plasma were within the required limits (RSD < 15%).ConclusionA total of 56 terpenoids were identified in CCG and 16 prototype components in plasma after oral CCG. The validated quantitative method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of six major terpenoids in plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters are clarified, which can guide the clinical application of CCG.
Recent progress and potential future directions to enhance biological nitrogen fixation in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Jithesh Tamanna , James Euan K. , Iannetta Pietro P. M. , Howard Becky , Dickin Edward , Monaghan James M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe necessity for sustainable agricultural practices has propelled a renewed interest in legumes such as faba bean (Vicia faba L.) as agents to help deliver increased diversity to cropped systems and provide an organic source of nitrogen (N). However, the increased cultivation of faba beans has proven recalcitrant worldwide as a result of low yields. So, it is hoped that increased and more stable yields would improve the commercial success of the crop and so the likelihood of cultivation. Enhancing biological N fixation (BNF) in faba beans holds promise not only to enhance and stabilize yields but also to increase residual N available to subsequent cereal crops grown on the same field. In this review, we cover recent progress in enhancing BNF in faba beans. Specifically, rhizobial inoculation and the optimization of fertilizer input and cropping systems have received the greatest attention in the literature. We also suggest directions for future research on the subject. In the short term, modification of crop management practices such as fertilizer and biochar input may offer the benefits of enhanced BNF. In the long term, natural variation in rhizobial strains and faba bean genotypes can be harnessed. Strategies must be optimized on a local scale to realize the greatest benefits. Future research must measure the most useful parameters and consider the economic cost of strategies alongside the advantages of enhanced BNF.
Transcriptomic analysis of the defense response in “Cabernet Sauvignon” grape leaf induced by Apolygus lucorum feeding
Authors: Yao Heng , Gao Suhong , Sun Tianhua , Zhou Guona , Lu Changkuan , Gao Baojia , Chen Wenshu , Liang Yiming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo investigate the molecular mechanism of the defense response of “Cabernet Sauvignon” grapes to feeding by Apolygus lucorum, high‐throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the transcriptome of grape leaves under three different treatments: feeding by A. lucorum, puncture injury, and an untreated control. The research findings indicated that the differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in three aspects: cellular composition, molecular function, and biological process. These genes were found to be involved in 42 metabolic pathways, particularly in plant hormone signaling metabolism, plant‐pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, and other metabolic pathways associated with plant‐induced insect resistance. Feeding by A. lucorum stimulated and upregulated a significant number of genes related to jasmonic acid and calcium ion pathways, suggesting their crucial role in the defense molecular mechanism of “Cabernet Sauvignon” grapes. The consistency between the gene expression and transcriptome sequencing results further supports these findings. This study provides a reference for the further exploration of the defense response in “Cabernet Sauvignon” grapes by elucidating the expression of relevant genes during feeding by A. lucorum.
QSPR analysis for physiochemical properties of new potential antimalarial compounds involving topological indices
Authors: Awan Nadeem ul Hassan , Ghaffar Abdul , Tawfiq Ferdous M. , Mustafa Ghulam , Bilal Muhammad , Inc Mustafa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMalaria has a wide impact on the healthcare system, affecting everyone from hyperendemic areas who dearth access to medical treatment to international tourists returning to nonendemic regions with tertiary referral care. Implementing timely and accurate diagnosis is necessary to stop malaria's growing global effect, which is attributed to the development of antimalarial medication resistance. In this research, potential antimalarial compounds, including quinine, primaquine, artemether, artelinic acid, triazoles‐modified, and so forth are examined with topological indices (TI) and linear regression modeling of said compounds. Some degree based topological indices are assembled for these drugs' chemical graphs. We compute the topological descriptors with the limiting behaviors associated with these pharmaceutical drugs. Moreover, in this study some of the physicochemical features of the drugs are estimated using these TIs in the QSPR models. These indices better reflect chemical properties such as boiling point, complexity, polarity, and so forth and the outcomes of regression technique acquired QSPR studies may aid in the creation of fresh medicines for the treatment of malaria. These indices and antimalarial activity were discovered to be related. Other compound series do very well with this relationship. The TIs could be a key component in creating and synthesizing new antimalarial drugs.
A New Hybrid Protocol that Simultaneously Achieves Quantum Multiparty Summation and Ranking
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yao Yao , Sun Huixin , Zhang Kejia , Song Tingting 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSecure multiparty quantum summation, as a critical part of secure multiparty quantum computation, plays a pivotal role in the field of quantum cryptography. In this paper, a hybrid protocol is proposed to implement secure multiparty quantum summation and anonymous ranking simultaneously, which uses ‐level two‐particle entangled states. In the designed protocol, the particles are conveyed in the way of the circle‐type transmission mode, which can compute the sum of the secret and the ranking by analyzing the distribution of participants associated with different secret values. Moreover, random number sequences can be obtained by constructing a fundamental system of solutions, which avoids the transmission of random numbers and reduces the use of quantum resources. According to the analysis, it can be seen that the protocol is secure against known attacks, and the secrets remain undisclosed throughout the protocol's implementation.
Classifying Multiparticle Entanglement with Passive State Energies
Authors: Yang Xue , Yang Yan‐Han , Liu Xin‐Zhu , Fei Shao‐Ming , Luo Ming‐Xing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThermodynamics as a fundamental branch of physics examines the relationships between heat, work, and energy. The maximum energy extraction can be characterized by using the passive states that have no extracted energy under any cyclic unitary process. In this paper, the focus is on the concept of marginal passive state energy and derive polygon inequalities for multi‐qubit entangled pure states. It is shown that the marginal passive state energies collectively form a convex polytope for each class of quantum states that are equivalent under SLOCC. Multipartite passive state energy criteria is introduced to classify multipartite entanglement under SLOCC. The present result provides a thermodynamic method to witness multipartite entanglement.