bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiplexed immuno‐precipitation with 1725 commercially available antibodies to cellular proteins
Authors: Slaastad Heidi , Wu Weiwei , Goullart Luiz , Kanderova Veronika , Tjønnfjord Geir , Stuchly Jan , Kalina Tomas , Holm Anders , Lund‐Johansen Fridtjof 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAntibody array analysis of complex samples requires capture reagents with exceptional specificity. The frequency of antibodies with label‐based detection may be as low as 5%. Here, however, we show that as many as 25% of commercially available antibodies are useful when biotinylated cellular proteins are fractionated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) first. A microsphere multiplex with 1725 antibodies to cellular proteins was added to 24 SEC fractions, labelled with streptavidin and analyzed by flow cytometry (microsphere‐based affinity proteomics, MAP) The SEC‐MAP approach resolved different targets captured by each antibody as reactivity peaks across the separation range of the SEC column (10–670kDa). Complex reactivity profiles demonstrated that most antibodies bound more than one target. However, specific binding was readily detected as reactivity peaks common for different antibodies to the same protein. We optimized sample preparation and found that amine‐reactive biotin rarely inhibited antibody binding when the biotin to lysine ratio was kept below 1:1 during labelling. Moreover, several epitopes that were inaccessible to antibodies in native proteins were unmasked after heat denaturation with 0.1% of SDS. The SEC‐MAP format should allow researchers to build multiplexed assays with antibodies purchased for use in e.g. Western blotting.
A comparison of data quality and practicality of online versus postal questionnaires in a sample of testicular cancer survivors
Authors: Smith Allan ‘Ben’ , King Madeleine , Butow Phyllis , Olver Ian 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to compare data quality from online and postal questionnaires and to evaluate the practicality of these different questionnaire modes in a cancer sample.MethodsParticipants in a study investigating the psychosocial sequelae of testicular cancer could choose to complete a postal or online version of the study questionnaire. Data quality was evaluated by assessing sources of nonobservational errors such as participant nonresponse, item nonresponse and sampling bias. Time taken and number of reminders required for questionnaire return were used as indicators of practicality.ResultsParticipant nonresponse was significantly higher among participants who chose the postal questionnaire. The proportion of questionnaires with missing items and the mean number of missing items did not differ significantly by mode. A significantly larger proportion of tertiary‐educated participants and managers/professionals completed the online questionnaire. There were no significant differences in age, relationship status, employment status, country of birth or language spoken by completion mode. Compared with postal questionnaires, online questionnaires were returned significantly more quickly and required significantly fewer reminders.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that online questionnaire completion can be offered in a cancer sample without compromising data quality. In fact, data quality from online questionnaires may be superior due to lower rates of participant nonresponse. Investigators should be aware of potential sampling bias created by more highly educated participants and managers/professionals choosing to complete online questionnaires. Besides this issue, online questionnaires offer an efficient method for collecting high‐quality data, with faster return and fewer reminders. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The High‐Pressure Characterization of Energetic Materials: 1,4‐Dimethyl‐5‐Aminotetrazolium 5‐Nitrotetrazolate
Authors: Ciezak Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn‐situ high‐pressure room temperature synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and infrared microspectroscopy were used to examine the structural and vibrational properties and the equation of state of 1,4‐dimethyl‐5‐aminotetrazolium 5‐nitrotetrazolate (DMATNT). The X‐ray measurements show a smoothly varying pressure‐volume relationship to 20 GPa. However, the anisotropic ratios of the unit cell parameters reveal a discontinuity near 3.3 GPa, which can be attributed to an irreversible isostructural phase transition. A significant increase in the Infrared spectral intensity near this pressure coupled with Dayvdov splitting of the NO2 bending and scissoring modes suggest the transition results in a skewing of the NO2 groups and increasing asymmetry of the hydrogen bonding sublattice.
Metal degradation of the methanator vessel
Authors: Din Ahmad , Hassan Sajid , Ahmad Adeel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe methanator vessel of a MW Kellogg designed ammonia plant developed severe material imperfections by hydrogen‐induced damage. This was most likely due to the doubtful acceptability of C–0.5Mo for hydrogen service, it is more than 30 years service life and some above‐design temperature excursions. Ultrasonic inspection during the 2001 turnaround revealed several discontinuities within 1 ft (30 cm) above the bottom circumferential weld seam. In following years these imperfections further deteriorated to form large sized voids within the shell material. Repair of the affected area was evaluated to be not feasible. Consequently, the vessel was replaced in the 2004 turnaround with a 1.25Cr–0.5Mo vessel. After replacement, the metallographic examination of the samples from affected portions of the old vessel confirmed the findings of the ultrasonic flaw detection and disclosed the presence of mainly transgranular and a few intergranular cracks and signs of overheating at some locations. The details of the ultrasonic inspection and micrographs have also been presented. Although the ultrasonic inspection was quite delayed, it prevented a catastrophic incident. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Evaluation of Two Simplified Methods for Determining Cushion Curves of Closed Cell Foams
Authors: Navarro‐Javierre Patricia , Garcia‐Romeu‐Martinez Manuel‐Alfredo , Cloquell‐Ballester Vicente‐Agustin , de‐la‐Cruz‐Navarro Enrique 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYBecause of the negative environmental impact of using traditional polymeric materials for cushioning in protective packaging, the interest in optimization of cushion design resulting in replacement or reduction of the amount of cushioning materials has increased in recent years. It has been generally accepted that the shock absorbing characteristics for cushioning materials are presented as the so‐called cushion curves, i.e. graphs of peak acceleration of shocks versus the corresponding static stress, presented over a range of static stress conditions for a specific material thickness and at a specific drop height. The cushion curves are mainly used to design and optimize cushion packaging. This information is specific to each packaging manufacturer, particular chemical formulation and manufacturing process. The traditional method to obtain cushion curves of a specific material is described in ASTM D1596, but this method requires enormous amounts of test data, is time consuming and expensive. For this reason, cushion curves provided by manufacturers are rarely updated and often are obsolete.In recent years, alternative methods have been developed to obtain cushion curves in a significantly shorter time required for testing. To achieve a wide use of these methods, it is necessary to know their accuracy in comparison with the ASTM D1596 method. The objective of this paper is to compare two of those alternative methods with the standard ASTM D1596 method, by applying them to obtain the cushion curves of two typical cushioning materials. More specifically, the single compression data method developed by Seket al.and the stress–energy method (dynamic stress versus dynamic energy) developed by Burgess were applied to obtain cushion curves for expanded polystyrene with density 15 kg/m3and for polyethylene Ethafoam® (Modisprem S.A. Zaragoza, Spain) with density 29 kg/m3and are presented in this paper.The effectiveness of these alternative methods for developing cushion curves and their advantages, disadvantages and limitations are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Effectiveness of the ‘Square Root of N Plus One’ Rule in Lot Acceptance Sampling Using an Operating Characteristic Curve
Authors: Muralimanohar J. , Jaianand K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSampling is an inevitable means of testing in quality inspections. However sampling is always associated with sampling risks that inspectors have to control. This paper aims to reveal the reliability and efficacy of the commonly used formula, ‘Square root of N plus one’, in lot acceptance sampling. An Operating Characteristic Curve is exploited to test the validity of the sampling plan and it offers a further dimension to unveil the unreliability of it. The probability of accepting a defective lot is increased substantially from larger to smaller lot sizes with the deployment of the √N + 1 rule as a sampling plan. Using a sampling plan blindly from recognized sources and pursuing a traditional practice does not ensure that the sampling plan is statistically valid. Regardless of the source of the sampling plan and how it is indexed, it is the actual acceptable quality level (AQL) and lot tolerance percent defective (LTPD) of the sampling plan that describes its protection and determines validity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bonding and electronic properties of ice at high pressure
Authors: Militzer B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe properties of water ice at megabar pressure are characterized with ab initio computer simulations. The focus lies on the metallic Cmcm phase and its insulating distorted analogue with Pnma symmetry. Both phases were recently predicted to occur at 15.5 and 12.5 Mbar, respectively (Militzer and Wilson, Phys Rev Lett, 2010, 105, 195701). The Fermi surface of the Cmcm phase is analyzed and possibility of Fermi nesting to occur is discussed. The Wannier orbital are computed for the Pnma structure and compared to ice X. While ice X shows typical sp3 hybridization, in the Pnma structure, the orbitals are deforms and no longer all aligned with the hydrogen bonds.
Reliable H ∞  filter design for T–S fuzzy model‐based networked control systems with random sensor failure
Authors: Tian Engang , Yue Dong 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThis paper investigates robust and reliable H ∞  filter design for a class of nonlinear networked control systems: (i) a T‐S fuzzy model with its own uncertainties is used to approximate the nonlinear dynamics of the plant, (ii) a new sensor failure model with uncertainties is proposed, and (iii) the signal transfer of the closed‐loop system is under a networked communication scheme and therefore is subject to time delay, packet loss, and/or packet out of order. Four new theorems are proved to cover the conditions for the robust mean square stability of the systems under study in terms of LMIs, and a decoupling method for the filter design is developed. Two examples, one of them is based on a model of an inverted pendulum, are provided to demonstrate the design method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is the contraction of demand an excuse for the laissez‐faire human resource practices at professional services companies?
Authors: Babío Nuria Calvo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCompanies based on selling knowledge identify their employees as critical capital, the basis for their competitive edge. However, in periods of contraction in the demand for projects, such companies require an instrument allowing them to assess the desirability of policies to retain such professionals on their workforce or otherwise. To this end, a dynamic simulation model was employed to study possible short‐term and long‐term repercussions of a contraction in demand on the number of professionals required by such a firm, and to evaluate policies which could mitigate the effects of a change in sector demand. The results of the analysis allowed us to demonstrate that a relatively lower investment in training could reduce the company's capacity for future growth. We also showed that lengthening the lead times before changing the firm's objectives, following a change in demand, improved the match between the number of professionals and the demand for them, thereby improving the organization's competitiveness. Copyright © 2011 System Dynamics Society.
Gone with the wind? Integrity and Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Lucas Frances , Katz Brit 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHurricane Katrina displaced 400,000 residents along the coast of the Mississippi, and destroyed hundreds of thousands of homes and businesses across Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama, and Tennessee. This chapter examines the preparation and response of one college's senior leadership team to the disaster and to the needs of students, families, and the surrounding communities.
Slow phasic and tonic activity of ventral pallidal neurons during cocaine self‐administration
Authors: Root David H. , Fabbricatore Anthony T. , Pawlak Anthony P. , Barker David J. , Ma Sisi , West Mark O. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractVentral pallidal (VP) neurons exhibit rapid phasic firing patterns within seconds of cocaine‐reinforced responses. The present investigation examined whether VP neurons exhibited firing rate changes: (1) over minutes during the inter‐infusion interval (slow phasic patterns) and/or (2) over the course of the several‐hour self‐administration session (tonic firing patterns) relative to pre‐session firing. Approximately three‐quarters (43/54) of VP neurons exhibited slow phasic firing patterns. The most common pattern was a post‐infusion decrease in firing followed by a progressive reversal of firing over minutes (51.16%; 22/43). Early reversals were predominantly observed anteriorly whereas progressive and late reversals were observed more posteriorly. Approximately half (51.85%; 28/54) of the neurons exhibited tonic firing patterns consisting of at least a two‐fold change in firing. Most cells decreased firing during drug loading, remained low over self‐administration maintenance, and reversed following lever removal. Over a whole experiment (tonic) timescale, the majority of neurons exhibited an inverse relationship between calculated drug level and firing rates during loading and post‐self‐administration behaviors. Fewer neurons exhibited an inverse relationship of calculated drug level and tonic firing rate during self‐administration maintenance but, among those that did, nearly all were progressive reversal neurons. The present results show that, similar to its main afferent the nucleus accumbens, VP exhibits both slow phasic and tonic firing patterns during cocaine self‐administration. Given that VP neurons are principally GABAergic, the predominant slow phasic decrease and tonic decrease firing patterns within the VP may indicate a disinhibitory influence upon its thalamocortical, mesolimbic, and nigrostriatal targets during cocaine self‐administration. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Geometric nonlinear analysis of tall building structures with outriggers
Authors: Lee Jaehong , Park Daekyu , Lee Kihak , Ahn Namshik 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, the geometric nonlinear behavior of wall‐frame tall building structures is analyzed. The governing equations of the wall‐frame systems with outrigger trusses are formulated through the continuum approach, and the whole structure is idealized as a shear‐flexural cantilever with rotational spring. The effect of shear and flexural deformation of the wall frame and outrigger trusses are considered and incorporated in the formulation of the governing equations. Geometric nonlinearity in the sense of von Karman is included in the formulation, and Newton–Raphson iterative method is employed to solve the nonlinear equations. A displacement‐based one‐dimensional nonlinear finite element model is developed. Numerical results for wall frame and mega‐column structures with outriggers are obtained and compared with the finite element package MIDAS. The proposed method is found to be simple and efficient, providing reasonably accurate results in early design stages of tall building structures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C–S Bond Cleavage during Reactions between N,N‐Diethylthiocarbamoyliminothianes and [MOCl4]– Complexes (M = Re, Tc)
Authors: Hauenstein Dirk , Hagenbach Adelheid , Abram Ulrich 
Published: September 2011

Abstract[MOCl4]– complexes (M = Re, Tc) react with thianes derived from N‐[(diethylamino)(thiocarbonyl)]benzamidoyl chloride and 2‐mercaptophenol (HL1) and 2‐mercaptoaniline (HL2) under C–S bond cleavage and formation of oxorhenium(V) and oxotechnetium(V) complexes with the resulting decomposition products 2‐mercaptophenol and N‐[(dialkylamino)thiocarbonyl]‐N′‐2‐mercaptophenyl)benzamidine (H2L2a), respectively. The products, (NBu4)[ReO(S,O‐C6H4)2], [ReOCl(L2a)] and [TcO(L2a)] were obtained in good yields and isolated in crystalline form. Single‐crystal X‐ray studies reveal square‐pyramidal coordination environments with apical oxo ligands for all three product complexes under study.
Curved and stretched flames: the two Markstein numbers
Authors: Clavin Paul , Graña-Otero José C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe analytical result concerning the Markstein number of adiabatic flames was obtained in 1982 with the one-step Arrhenius model in the limit of a large activation energy. This result is not relevant for real flames. The form of the law expressing the flame velocity in terms of the total stretch rate of the flame front through a single Markstein length is not conserved when the location of the front (surface of zero thickness) changes within the flame thickness. It is shown in this paper that two different Markstein numbers ${\mathscr{M}}_{I} \not = {\mathscr{M}}_{II} $ characterize usual wrinkled flames sustained by a multiple-step chemical network, ${\mathscr{M}}_{I} $ for the modification of the flame velocity due to the curvature of the front and ${\mathscr{M}}_{II} $ for the effect of the flow strain rate. In contrast to ${\mathscr{M}}_{I} $, ${\mathscr{M}}_{II} $ depends on the location of the flame surface within the flame thickness, in such a way that the final result for the flame dynamics is not depending on this choice. The first part of the paper is devoted to present a general method of solution, valid for any multiple-step chemical network. The two Markstein numbers for two-step chain-branching models representing rich hydrogen–air flames and lean hydrocarbon–air flames are then computed analytically in the second part.
Equilibrium transport in double-diffusive convection
Authors: Radko Timour , Smith D. Paul 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA theoretical model for the equilibrium double-diffusive transport is presented which emphasizes the role of secondary instabilities of salt fingers in saturation of their linear growth. Theory assumes that the fully developed equilibrium state is characterized by the comparable growth rates of primary and secondary instabilities. This assumption makes it possible to formulate an efficient algorithm for computing diffusivities of heat and salt as a function of the background property gradients and molecular parameters. The model predicts that the double-diffusive transport of heat and salt rapidly intensifies with decreasing density ratio. Fluxes are less sensitive to molecular characteristics, mildly increasing with Prandtl number $(\mathit{Pr})$ and decreasing with diffusivity ratio $(\tau )$. Theory is successfully tested by a series of direct numerical simulations which span a wide range of $\mathit{Pr}$ and $\tau $.
Reaction Time and Rapid Serial Processing Measures of Information Processing Speed in Multiple Sclerosis: Complexity, Compounding, and Augmentation
Authors: Hughes Abbey J. , Denney Douglas R. , Lynch Sharon G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractInformation processing speed is frequently cited as the primary cognitive domain impacted by multiple sclerosis (MS) and is usually evaluated with reaction time (RT) or rapid serial processing (RSP) measures. The present study compared the efficacy of RT and RSP measures to distinguish between patients with MS (N = 42) and healthy controls (N = 40). The RT measure was patterned after the Computerized Tests of Information Processing and included measures of simple, choice, and semantic RT. The RSP measures consisted of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Stroop Test. Substantial differences in information processing speed between patients and controls were found on all tests, with slightly larger effect sizes for RSP measures than RT measures and for the SDMT than the Stroop Test. Binary logistic regression analyses showed RSP measures performed better than RT measures at distinguishing patients from controls, and likewise, the SDMT score performed better than the scores derived from the Stroop Test. Results are discussed in the context of three effects associated with common measures of processing speed: complexity, compounding, and augmentation. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1113–1121)
On a Presumed Omission in Kant's Derivation of the Categorical Imperative
Authors: Greenberg Robert 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA new book by Stephen Engstrom repeats a criticism of Bruce Aune's of Kant's derivation of the universalizability formula of the categorical imperative. The criticism is that Kant omitted at least one substantive premise in the derivation of the formula: ‘Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.’ The grounds for the formula that are given in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, however, are said to support only a weaker requirement, namely, that a maxim conform to a universal law. Hence, Kant omits at least one necessary substantive premise of the derivation. This paper attempts to show that nothing substantive is omitted from the argument. It only needs two principles of inference that it is assumed add nothing substantive to the premises.