bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Intervention Improves Behavioral Outcomes for Preterm Infants: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nordhov S. Marianne , Rønning John A. , Ulvund Stein Erik , Dahl Lauritz B. , Kaaresen Per Ivar 
Published: December 2011

Objective:The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an early intervention program on behavioral outcomes at corrected age of 5 years for children with birth weights (BWs) of &lt;2000 g.Methods:A randomized controlled trial of a modified version of the Mother-Infant Transaction Program was performed. Outcomes were measured by the Child Behavior Check List report (parents) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 5 years (parents and preschool teachers).Results:A total of 146 infants were assigned randomly (intervention group: 72 infants; reference group: 74 infants). A term group was recruited (75 infants). The mean BWs were 1396 ± 429 g for the intervention group, 1381 ± 436 g for the control group, and 3619 ± 490 g for the term reference group. Parents in the intervention group reported significantly fewer behavioral problems measured by both instruments at 5 years. There were no differences in behavior problems reported by preschool teachers. Significantly more children in the preterm control group scored within the clinical area of both instruments.Conclusions:This modified version of the Mother-Infant Transaction Program led to fewer behavioral problems reported by parents at corrected age of 5 years for children with BWs of &lt;2000 g.
Validation of a Clinical Prediction Rule to Distinguish Lyme Meningitis From Aseptic Meningitis
Authors: Cohn Keri A. , Thompson Amy D. , Shah Samir S. , Hines Elizabeth M. , Lyons Todd W. , Welsh Elizabeth J. , Nigrovic Lise E. 
Published: December 2011

Objectives:The “Rule of 7′s,” a Lyme meningitis clinical prediction rule, classifies children at low risk for Lyme meningitis when each of the following 3 criteria are met: &lt;7 days of headache, &lt;70% cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mononuclear cells, and absence of seventh or other cranial nerve palsy. The goal of this study was to test the performance of the Rule of 7′s in a multicenter cohort of children with CSF pleocytosis.Methods:We performed a retrospective cohort study of children evaluated at 1 of 3 emergency departments located in Lyme disease–endemic areas with CSF pleocytosis and Lyme serology obtained. Lyme meningitis was defined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria (either positive Lyme serology test result or an erythema migrans [EM] rash). We calculated the performance of the Rule of 7′s in our overall study population and in children without physician-documented EM.Results:We identified 423 children, of whom 117 (28% [95% confidence interval (CI): 24%–32%]) had Lyme meningitis, 306 (72% [95% CI: 68%–76%]) had aseptic meningitis, and 0 (95% CI: 0%–1%) had bacterial meningitis. Of the 130 classified as low risk, 5 had Lyme meningitis (sensitivity, 112 of 117 [96% (95% CI: 90%–99%)]; specificity, 125 of 302 [41% (95% CI: 36%–47%)]). In the 390 children without EM, 3 of the 127 low-risk patients had Lyme meningitis (2% [95% CI: 0%–7%]).Conclusions:Patients classified as low risk by using the Rule of 7′s were unlikely to have Lyme meningitis and could be managed as outpatients while awaiting results of Lyme serology tests.
The Value of the Medical Home for Children Without Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Long Webb E. , Bauchner Howard , Sege Robert D. , Cabral Howard J. , Garg Arvin 
Published: December 2011

Objective:Although the medical home is promoted by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Affordable Care Act, its impact on children without special health care needs is unknown. We examined whether the medical home is associated with beneficial health care utilization and health-promoting behaviors in this population.Methods:This study was a secondary data analysis of the 2003 National Survey of Children’s Health. Data were available for 70 007 children without special health care needs. We operationalized the medical home according to the National Survey of Children’s Health design. Logistic regression for complex sample surveys was used to model each outcome with the medical home, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics.Results:Overall, 58.1% of children without special health care needs had a medical home. The medical home was significantly associated with increased preventive care visits (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.32 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–1.43]), decreased outpatient sick visits (aOR: 0.71 [95% CI: 0.66–0.76), and decreased emergency department sick visits (aOR: 0.70 [95% CI: 0.65–0.76]). It was associated with increased odds of “excellent/very good” child health according to parental assessment (aOR: 1.29 [95% CI: 1.15–1.45) and health-promoting behaviors such as being read to daily (aOR: 1.46 [95% CI: 1.13–1.89]), reported helmet use (aOR: 1.18 [95% CI: 1.03–1.34]), and decreased screen time (aOR: 1.12 [95% CI: 1.02–1.22]).Conclusions:For children without special health care needs, the medical home is associated with improved health care utilization patterns, better parental assessment of child health, and increased adherence with health-promoting behaviors. These findings support the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Affordable Care Act to extend the medical home to all children.
US Estimates of Hospitalized Children With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Clinical Trials
Authors: Stanley Rachel M. , Bonsu Bema K. , Zhao Weiyan , Ehrlich Peter F. , Rogers Alexander J. , Xiang Huiyun 
Published: December 2011

Objectives:
To estimate sample sizes available for clinical trials of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children, we described the patient demographics and hospital characteristics associated with children hospitalized with severe TBI in the United States.

Methods:
We analyzed the 2006 Kids’ Inpatient Database. Severe TBI hospitalizations were defined as children discharged with TBI who required mechanical ventilation or intubation. Types of high-volume severe TBI hospitals were categorized based on the numbers of discharged patients with severe TBI in 2006. National estimates of demographics and hospital characteristics were calculated for pediatric severe TBI. Simulation analyses were performed to assess the potential number of severe TBI cases from randomly selected hospitals for inclusion in future clinical trials.

Results:
The majority of children with severe TBI were discharged from either a children’s unit in general hospitals (41%) or a nonchildren’s hospital (34%). Less than 5% of all hospitals were high-volume TBI hospitals, which discharged &gt;78% of severe TBI cases and were more likely to be a children’s unit in a general hospital or a children’s hospital. Simulation analyses indicate that there is a saturation point after which the benefit of adding additional recruitment sites decreases significantly.

Conclusions:
Children with severe TBI are infrequent at any one hospital in the United States, and few hospitals treat large numbers of children with severe TBI. To effectively plan trials of therapies for severe TBI, much attention has to be paid to selecting the right types of centers to maximize enrollment efficiency.
Debate on the Chernobyl Disaster: On the Causes of Chernobyl Overestimation
Authors: Jargin Sergei V. 
Published: December 2011

The Journal is pleased to publish an exchange of articles on the nuclear catastrophe at Chernobyl that has special importance in the light of the Fukushima situation in Japan. After the Chernobyl accident, many publications appeared that overestimated its medical consequences. Some of them are discussed in this article. Among the motives for the overestimation were anti-nuclear sentiments, widespread among some adherents of the Green movement; however, their attitude has not been wrong: nuclear facilities should have been prevented from spreading to overpopulated countries governed by unstable regimes and regions where conflicts and terrorism cannot be excluded. The Chernobyl accident has hindered worldwide development of atomic industry. Today, there are no alternatives to nuclear power: nonrenewable fossil fuels will become more and more expensive, contributing to affluence in the oil-producing countries and poverty in the rest of the world. Worldwide introduction of nuclear energy will become possible only after a concentration of authority within an efficient international executive. This will enable construction of nuclear power plants in optimally suitable places, considering all sociopolitical, geographic, geologic, and other preconditions. In this way, accidents such as that in Japan in 2011 will be prevented.
Considerations on the application of miniaturized sample preparation approaches for the analysis of organic compounds in environmental matrices
Authors: Pena-Pereira Francisco , Duarte Regina , Duarte Armando 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The miniaturization and improvement of sample preparation is a challenge that has been fulfilled up to a point in many fields of analytical chemistry. Particularly, the hyphenation of microextraction with advanced analytical techniques has allowed the monitoring of target analytes in a vast variety of environmental samples. Several benefits can be obtained when miniaturized techniques such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) or liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) are applied, specifically, their easiness, rapidity and capability to separate and pre-concentrate target analytes with a negligible consumption of organic solvents. In spite of the great acceptance that these green sample preparation techniques have in environmental research, their full implementation has not been achieved or even attempted in some relevant environmental matrices. In this work, a critical review of the applications of LPME and SPME techniques to isolate and pre-concentrate traces of organic pollutants is provided. In addition, the influence of the environmental matrix on the effectiveness of LPME and SPME for isolating the target organic pollutants is addressed. Finally, unsolved issues that may hinder the application of these techniques for the extraction of dissolved organic matter from environmental samples and some suggestions for developing novel and less selective enrichment and isolation procedures for natural organic matter on the basis of SPME and LPME are included.
Meson correlation function and screening mass in thermal QCD
Authors: Czerski Piotr 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Analytical results for the spatial dependence of the correlation functions for all meson excitations in perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics, the lowest order, are calculated. The meson screening mass is obtained as a large distance limit of the correlation function. Our analysis leads to a better understanding of the excitations of Quark Gluon Plasma at sufficiently large temperatures and may be of relevance for future numerical calculations with fully interacting Quantum Chromodynamics.
Schizophrenia in adolescents and the family system
Authors: Świętochowski Waldemar 
Published: December 2011

Schizophrenia in adolescents and the family system
Empirical research shows that chronic diseases have specific, idiosyncratic functions in the family, and give real, psychosocial advantages (like tightening loosened family relations or helping solve interpersonal conflicts). This leaves the question - can schizophrenic disorders have similar function in the family system as a chronic somatic disease? We have analyzed systemic family traits in families with schizophrenic young patients (50 families). The reference samples were two kinds of families: families with schizophrenic adults and families without any chronic disease or chronic illness ("healthy families"). The subjects of analysis were coefficients of the systemic features, identified by factor analysis according to author's proposal. Oneway Anova was used to compare indexes between three groups of families. The results show that mental disorder in adolescents participates in the life of the whole family, having similar functions to the functions of chronic somatic diseases. They also suggest that, from the family members' point of view, schizophrenic disorders in a teenagers has different quality compared to schizophrenic disorders in an adult.
Motherland under attack! Nationalism, terrorist threat, and support for the restriction of civil liberties
Authors: Sekerdej Maciej , Kossowska Małgorzata 
Published: December 2011

Motherland under attack! Nationalism, terrorist threat, and support for the restriction of civil liberties
The paper addresses the role which national attitudes play in terrorist threat perception and in the choice of specific counterterrorism strategies. Study 1 shows that participants higher on nationalism tend to perceive the threat of terrorism as more serious than participants lower on nationalism. Moreover, we found that nationalism mediated the relationship between the perceived terrorist threat and the support for tough domestic policies, even at the expense of considerable limitation of civil liberties. Study 2 confirms the link between the perceived terrorism threat and the support for suspension of civil liberties. Nevertheless, when terrorism was seen in terms of crime rather than in terms of war, the mediating role of nationalism disappeared. The results contribute to a better understanding of the process whereby the perception of one's own national group and the perception of one's own nation-state translate into specific reactions triggered by external threats.
Finite Groups Determined by an Inequality of the Orders of Their Normal Subgroups
Authors: Tărnăuceanu Marius 
Published: December 2011

Finite Groups Determined by an Inequality of the Orders of Their Normal SubgroupsIn this article we introduce and study a class of finite groups for which the orders of normal subgroups satisfy a certain inequality. It is closely connected to some well-known arithmetic classes of natural numbers.
On Homomorphisms of Krasner Hyperrings
Authors: Phanthawimol W. , Punkla Y. , Kwakpatoon K. , Kemprasit Y. 
Published: December 2011

On Homomorphisms of Krasner Hyperrings
By a homomorphism from a Krasner hyperring (A, +, ·) into a Krasner hyperring (A', +', ·') we mean a function ƒ: A → A' satisfying ƒ(x + y) ⊆ ƒ(x)+ ƒ(y) and ƒ(x · y) = ƒ(x) ·' ƒ(y) for all ×, y ∈ A. The kernel of ƒ, ker ƒ, is defined by ker ƒ = {x ∈ A | ƒ(x) = 0'} where 0' is the zero of (A', +', ·'). In fact, ker ƒ may be empty. In this paper, some general properties of a Krasner hyperring homomorphism with nonempty kernel are given. Various examples are also provided.
On the Feedback Stabilization of Boussinesq Equations
Authors: Lefter Adriana-Ioana 
Published: December 2011

On the Feedback Stabilization of Boussinesq EquationsThis paper provides feedback stabilization results, preserving the invariance of a given convex set, for the Boussinesq system, in 2D and 3D. The proofs use an existence theorem for weak solutions.
A Collocation Method for Direct Numerical Integration of Initial Value Problems in Higher Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Adeniyi R. , Alabi M. 
Published: December 2011

A Collocation Method for Direct Numerical Integration of Initial Value Problems in Higher Order Ordinary Differential Equations
This paper concerns the solution of initial value problems (IVPs) in ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of orders higher than unity. The Chebyshev polynomials is hereby adopted as basis function in a multi-step collocation technique for the derivation of continuous integration schemes for direct solution of these ODEs without recourse to the conventional approach of first reducing such to their equivalent first order differential systems.
Biharmonic Hypersurfaces of LP-Sasakian Manifolds
Authors: Perktaş Selcen , Kiliç Erol , Keleş Sadik 
Published: December 2011

Biharmonic Hypersurfaces of LP-Sasakian ManifoldsIn this paper the biharmonic hypersurfaces of Lorentzian para-Sasakian manifolds are studied. We firstly find the biharmonic equation for a hypersurface which admits the characteristic vector field of the Lorentzian para-Sasakian as the normal vector field. We show that a biharmonic spacelike hypersurface of a Lorentzian para-Sasakian manifold with constant mean curvature is minimal. The biharmonicity condition for a hypersurface of a Lorentzian para-Sasakian manifold is investigated when the characteristic vector field belongs to the tangent hyperplane of the hypersurface. We find some necessary and sufficient conditions for a timelike hypersurface of a Lorentzian para-Sasakian manifold to be proper biharmonic. The nonexistence of proper biharmonic timelike hypersurfaces with constant mean curvature in a Ricci flat Lorentzian para-Sasakian manifold is proved.
On η-Einstein Trans-Sasakian Manifolds
Authors: Al-Solamy Falleh , Kim Jeong-Sik , Tripathi Mukut 
Published: December 2011

On η-Einstein Trans-Sasakian ManifoldsA systematic study of η-Einstein trans-Sasakian manifold is performed. We find eight necessary and sufficient conditions for the structure vector field ζ of a trans-Sasakian manifold to be an eigenvector field of the Ricci operator. We show that for a 3-dimensional almost contact metric manifold (M,φ, ζ, η, g), the conditions of being normal, trans-K-contact, trans-Sasakian are all equivalent to ∇ζ ∘ φ = φ ∘ ∇ζ. In particular, the conditions of being quasi-Sasakian, normal with 0 = 2β = divζ, trans-K-contact of type (α, 0), trans-Sasakian of type (α, 0), andC6-class are all equivalent to ∇ ζ = -αφ, where 2α = Trace(φ∇ζ). In last, we give fifteen necessary and sufficient conditions for a 3-dimensional trans-Sasakian manifold to be η-Einstein.
AFLP markers provide insights into the evolutionary relationships and diversification of New Caledonian Araucaria species (Araucariaceae)
Authors: Gaudeul Myriam , Rouhan Germinal , Gardner Martin F. , Hollingsworth Peter M. 
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: Despite its small size, New Caledonia is characterized by a very diverse flora and striking environmental gradients, which make it an ideal setting to study species diversification. Thirteen of the 19 Araucaria species are endemic to the territory and form a monophyletic group, but patterns and processes that lead to such a high species richness are largely unexplored.• Methods: We used 142 polymorphic AFLP markers and performed analyses based on Bayesian clustering algorithms, genetic distances, and cladistics on 71 samples representing all New Caledonian Araucaria species. We examined correlations between the inferred evolutionary relationships and shared morphological, ecological, or geographic parameters among species, to investigate evolutionary processes that may have driven speciation.• Key results: We showed that genetic divergence among the present New Caledonian Araucaria species is low, suggesting recent diversification rather than pre‐existence on Gondwana. We identified three genetic groups that included small‐leaved, large‐leaved, and coastal species, but detected no association with soil preference, ecological habitat, or rainfall. The observed patterns suggested that speciation events resulted from both differential adaptation and vicariance. Last, we hypothesize that speciation is ongoing and/or there are cryptic species in some genetically (sometimes also morphologically) divergent populations.• Conclusions: Further data are required to provide better resolution and understanding of the diversification of New Caledonian Araucaria species. Nevertheless, our study allowed insights into their evolutionary relationships and provides a framework for future investigations on the evolution of this emblematic group of plants in one of the world's biodiversity hotspots.
Interleukin 28B Genetic Polymorphisms and Viral Factors Help Identify HCV Genotype-1 Patients who Benefit from 24-Week Pegylated Interferon plus Ribavirin Therapy
Authors: Liu Chen-Hua , Liang Cheng-Chao , Liu Chun-Jen , Tseng Tai-Chung , Lin Chih-Lin , Yang Sheng-Shun , Su Tung-Hung , Hsu Shih-Jer , Lin Jou-Wei , Chen Jun-Herng , Chen Pei-Jer , Chen Ding-Shinn , Kao Jia-Horng 
Published: December 2011

Background Interleukin 28B (IL28B) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes and viral factors can predict sustained virological response (SVR) in HCV genotype-1 (HCV-1) patients receiving 48 weeks of pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Whether these factors would identify those patients who can benefit from a shorter duration of therapy remains unclear. Methods Treatment-naive HCV-1 patients ( n=662) receiving 24 or 48 weeks of combination therapy were enrolled. Baseline demographic data, HCV viral load, IL28B SNP genotypes (rs8099917), duration of therapy and rapid virological response (RVR) were evaluated to predict SVR. The SVR rates were further stratified by the independent factors and compared. Results The IL28B rs8099917 TT genotype, low baseline viral load (HCV RNA≤600,000 IU/ml), RVR and 48-week therapy independently predicted SVR. In RVR patients with the IL28B rs8099917 TT genotype, the SVR rate of 24-week therapy was comparable to 48-week therapy (95% versus 99%; P=0.21) at low baseline viral load, but was inferior to 48-week therapy (70% versus 97%; P<0.001) at high baseline viral load. In non-RVR patients, the SVR rate of 24-week therapy was inferior to 48-week therapy for those with the IL28B rs8099917 TT genotype but high baseline viral load (23% versus 62%; P<0.001), and those with the IL28B rs8099917 GT/GG genotype but low baseline viral load (0% versus 33%; P=0.02). Conclusions HCV-1 patients simultaneously bearing the IL28B rs8099917 TT genotype, low baseline viral load and RVR can benefit from a shorter duration of combination therapy.
Entecavir versus Lamivudine in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Hepatic Decompensation
Authors: Hsu Yao-Chun , Mo Lein-Ray , Chang Chi-Yang , Perng Daw-Shyong , Tseng Cheng-Hao , Lo Gin-Ho , Tai Chih-Min , Lin Chih-Wen , Hsu Chia-Chang , Hsu Chuan-Yuan , Huang Shih-Che , Lin Jaw-Town 
Published: December 2011

Background Lamivudine has been widely used in chronic hepatitis B patients with hepatic decompensation, but its use is limited by drug resistance. This outcome research aimed to investigate the comparative efficacy and safety of entecavir versus lamivudine in decompensated patients. Methods Between November 2004 and February 2010, 126 consecutive treatment-naive patients received either entecavir ( n=53) or lamivudine ( n=73) for decompensated chronic hepatitis B. All patients presented with both hyperbilirubinaemia and coagulopathy. Primary outcome was mortality within 1 year; secondary outcomes included liver-related mortality, biochemical and virological response, and improvement of hepatic dysfunction. Results Both treatment groups were comparable in baseline characteristics. A total of 19 (35.8%) entecavir and 33 (45.2%) lamivudine receivers expired within 1 year, respectively ( P=0.29, log rank test). Age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04 per year, 95% CI 1.01, 1.06), cirrhosis (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.02, 4.23), and international normalized ratio for prothrombin time (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.20, 1.74) were independent baseline predictors for all-cause mortality. Antiviral therapy was also unrelated to liver-specific death. However, more patients taking entecavir tended to attain aminotransferase normalization (76.5% versus 52.5%; P=0.05) and viral DNA undetectability (100% versus 58.3%; P=0.06). Moreover, entecavir was associated with significantly greater reduction of the model for end-stage liver disease scores (median 10.0 versus 4.3; P=0.02). Overall, 3 (7.5%) lamivudine but no entecavir users acquired drug resistance in 1 year ( P=0.25). Conclusions Entecavir as compared with lamivudine is similar in the effect on short-term mortality but is associated with greater clinical improvement among chronic hepatitis survivors who recovered from hepatic decompensation.