bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Casimir wormholes in Brans–Dicke theory
Authors: Hadi Ziaie Amir , Reza Mehdizadeh Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In recent years there has been a growing interest in the field of wormhole physics in the presence of Casimir effect. As this effect provides negative energy density, it can be utilized as an ideal candidate for the exotic matter required for creating a traversable wormhole. In the context of modified theories of gravity such as Brans–Dicke (BD) theory (Brans and Dicke 1961 Phys. Rev.
124 925), wormhole geometries have been vastly investigated. However, the scientific literature is silent on the issue of BD wormholes in the presence of Casimir energy. Our aim in the present study is to seek for static spherically symmetric solutions representing wormhole configurations in BD theory with Casimir energy as the supporting matter. The Casimir setup we assume comprises two electrically neutral, infinitely large parallel planes placed in a vacuum. We then consider the Casimir vacuum energy density of a scalar field in such a configuration with Dirichlet and mixed boundary conditions. In the former case the corresponding Casimir force is attractive and in the latter this force is repulsive. We present exact zero tidal force wormhole solutions as well as those with non vanishing redshift function for both types of Casimir energies. The conditions on wormhole solutions along with the weak (WEC) and null (NEC) energy conditions put constraints on the values of BD coupling parameter. These constraints are also subject to the value of BD scalar field at the throat and the throat radius. We therefore find that BD wormholes in the presence of Casimir energy can exist without violating NEC and WEC (for the repulsive Casimir force). Finally, we examine the equilibrium condition for stability of the obtained solutions using Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation.
High energy neutral atom emission from rear side of foils
Authors: Tata Sheroy , Sabui Ratul , Mondal Angana , Sarkar Soubhik , Lad Amit D , Krishnamurthy M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Intense laser pulses focused onto a solid micron foil target are best known for generation of large electrostatic sheath fields at the target rear and acceleration of protons to MeV energies. The fact that such acceleration schemes also generate fast neutral atoms has received comparatively less attention. A quantitative assessment of the neutralization fraction reveals novel and often unexpected aspects of electron-ion interaction in regions far from dense plasmas. At the rear side of laser irradiated foil, a few hundred keV accelerated neutral Hydrogen atoms are observed. Neutralisation fraction is much larger than that anticipated from the collisional charge transfer and is about 300% larger for ions of

⩽

100 keV energy. Corroborated by particle-in-cell simulations, the larger neutralisation fraction is attributed to electron-recombination as the protons co-propagate with the low energy electrons.
NiO thin films fabricated using spray-pyrolysis technique: structural and optical characterization and ultrafast charge dynamics studies
Authors: Das Lakshmi , Canto-Aguilar Esdras J , Tapani Tlek , Lin Haifeng , Bhuvanendran Hinduja , Boulanger Nicolas , Salh Roushdey , Gracia-Espino Eduardo , Maccaferri Nicolò 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nickel (II) oxide, NiO, is a wide band gap Mott insulator characterized by strong Coulomb repulsion between d-electrons and displays antiferromagnetic order at room temperature. NiO has gained attention in recent years as a very promising candidate for applications in a broad set of areas, including chemistry and metallurgy to spintronics and energy harvesting. Here, we report on the fabrication of polycrystalline NiO using spray-pyrolysis technique, which is a deposition technique able to produce quite uniform films of pure and crystalline materials without the need of high vacuum or inert atmospheres. The composition and structure of the NiO thin films were then studied using x-ray diffraction, and atomic force and scanning electron microscopies (SEM). The phononic and magnonic properties of the NiO thin films were also studied via Raman spectroscopy, and the ultrafast electron dynamics by using optical pump probe spectroscopy. We found that the NiO samples display the same phonon and magnon excitations expected for single crystal NiO at room temperature, and that electron dynamics in our system is like those of previously reported NiO mono- and polycrystalline systems synthesized using different techniques. These results prove that spray-pyrolysis can be used as affordable and large-scale fabrication technique to synthesize strongly correlated materials for a large set of applications.
Solute segregation in a moving grain boundary: a phase-field approach
Authors: Guin Sandip , Verma Miral , Bandyopadhyay Soumya , Lo Yu-Chieh , Mukherjee Rajdip 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present a phase-field approach for investigating monolayer and multilayer type solute segregation in a moving Grain boundary (GB). In this model, we introduce an expression for the GB solute interaction potential which allows for easy modification of the shape of the solute segregation profile at the GB. As a consequence, our phase-field simulations capture various segregation profiles in both stationary and migrating GB that agree with Cahn’s solute drag theory. Furthermore, we explore how different segregation profiles evolve at varying GB velocities owing to the inequality of the atomic flux of solute between the front and back faces of the moving GB. At a low-velocity regime, we observe that multilayer segregation results in significantly increased drag force compared to monolayer segregation. At a high-velocity regime, the opposite holds. Our simulation results also provide valuable insights for predicting grain growth in polycrystalline materials in the presence of solute segregation.
A high-throughput focused collimator for OAR-sparing preclinical proton FLASH studies: commissioning and validation
Authors: Mossahebi Sina , Byrne Kevin , Jiang Kai , Gerry Andrew , Deng Wei , Repetto Carlo , Jackson Isabel L , Sawant Amit , Poirier Yannick 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. To fabricate and validate a novel focused collimator designed to spare normal tissue in a murine hemithoracic irradiation model using 250 MeV protons delivered at ultra-high dose rates (UHDRs) for preclinical FLASH radiation therapy (FLASH-RT) studies. Approach. A brass collimator was developed to shape 250 MeV UHDR protons from our Varian ProBeam. Six 13 mm apertures, of equivalent size to kV x-ray fields historically used to perform hemithorax irradiations, were precisely machined to match beam divergence, allowing concurrent hemithoracic irradiation of six mice while sparing the contralateral lung and abdominal organs. The collimated field profiles were characterized by film dosimetry, and a radiation survey of neutron activation was performed to ensure the safety of staff positioning animals. Main results. The brass collimator produced 1.2 mm penumbrae radiation fields comparable to kV x-rays used in preclinical studies. The penumbrae in the six apertures are similar, with full-width half-maxima of 13.3 mm and 13.5 mm for the central and peripheral apertures, respectively. The collimator delivered a similar dose at an average rate of 52 Gy s−1 for all apertures. While neutron activation produces a high (0.2 mSv h−1) initial ambient equivalent dose rate, a parallel work-flow in which imaging and setup are performed without the collimator ensures safety to staff. Significance. Scanned protons have the greatest potential for future translation of FLASH-RT in clinical treatments due to their ability to treat deep-seated tumors with high conformality. However, the Gaussian distribution of dose in proton spots produces wider lateral penumbrae compared to other modalities. This presents a challenge in small animal pre-clinical studies, where millimeter-scale penumbrae are required to precisely target the intended volume. Offering high-throughput irradiation of mice with sharp penumbrae, our novel collimator-based platform serves as an important benchmark for enabling large-scale, cost-effective radiobiological studies of the FLASH effect in murine models.
Feasibility of identifying proliferative active bone marrow with fat fraction MRI and multi-energy CT
Authors: Lawless M , Byrns K , Bednarz B P , Meudt J , Shanmuganayagam D , Shah J , McMillan A , Li K , Pirasteh A , Miller J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. Active bone marrow (ABM) can serve as both an organ at risk and a target in external beam radiotherapy. 18F-fluorothymidine (FLT) PET is the current gold standard for identifying proliferative ABM but it is not approved for human use, and PET scanners are not always available to radiotherapy clinics. Identifying ABM through other, more accessible imaging modalities will allow more patients to receive treatment specific to their ABM distribution. Multi-energy CT (MECT) and fat-fraction MRI (FFMRI) show promise in their ability to characterize bone marrow adiposity, but these methods require validation for identifying proliferative ABM. Approach. Six swine subjects were imaged using FFMRI, fast-kVp switching (FKS) MECT and sequential-scanning (SS) MECT to identify ABM volumes relative to FLT PET-derived ABM volumes. ABM was contoured on FLT PET images as the region within the bone marrow with a SUV above the mean. Bone marrow was then contoured on the FFMRI and MECT images, and thresholds were applied within these contours to determine which threshold produced the best agreement with the FLT PET determined ABM contour. Agreement between contours was measured using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Main results. FFMRI produced the best estimate of the PET ABM contour. Compared to FLT PET ABM volumes, the FFMRI, SS MECT and FKS MECT ABM contours produced average peak DSC of 0.722 ± 0.080, 0.619 ± 0.070, and 0.464 ± 0.080, respectively. The ABM volume was overestimated by 40.51%, 97.63%, and 140.13% by FFMRI, SS MECT and FKS MECT, respectively. Significance. This study explored the ability of FFMRI and MECT to identify the proliferative relative to ABM defined by FLT PET. Of the methods investigated, FFMRI emerged as the most accurate approximation to FLT PET-derived active marrow contour, demonstrating superior performance by both DSC and volume comparison metrics. Both FFMRI and SS MECT show promise for providing patient-specific ABM treatments.
Implementation of tunable frequency-dependent stiffness elements via integrated shunted piezoelectric stacks
Authors: Van Damme B , Weber R , Schmied J U , Spierings A , Bergamini A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Piezoelectric transducers applied on or integrated in structures, combined with appropriate circuits have been extensively investigated as a smart approach to the mitigation of resonant vibrations with high relative amplitudes. A resonant shunt circuit consisting of the capacitive piezoelectric transducer and an inductance can be configured to target specific eigenmodes of a structure, if appropriately placed and tuned. Their effect is expressed in terms of mechanical impedance of the host structure, allowing for the exchange of energy between the mechanical and electrical domain, to dramatically affect the dynamic response of the structure. By re-framing the function of resonant shunted piezoelectric transducers as frequency dependent variable stiffness elements, this paper investigates their capability to realize a frequency dependent structural mechanical connectivity, where the load path within a lattice structure can be interrupted at will for specific frequencies by tunable null-stiffness components. Here, we offer the numerical and experimental verification of this idea, by demonstrating the ability to significantly affect the dynamic response of a unit cell of an adaptive lattice metamaterial, even away from a structural resonance. In the latter case, the null-stiffness shunt leads to an additional resonance peak in the truss’ dynamic response. Its realization as additively manufactured component points to the feasibility of such structures in real life.
An improved dynamic Prandtl–Ishlinskii hysteresis model and a PID-type adaptive sliding mode controller for piezoelectric micro-motion platform
Authors: Yang Silong , Wang Wen , Wang Ruijin , Bao Lei , Wang Dengjun , Lu Keqing , Chen Zhanfeng , Wang Chuanyong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Piezoelectric actuators are widely used in the field of micro-nano driving due to their advantages of fast frequency response, high displacement resolution, large stiffness, small size, and low heat generation. However, the hysteresis non-linearity of piezoelectric actuators severely affects their positioning accuracy during operation. Therefore, the study of hysteresis model and compensation control for piezoelectric actuators has always been a hot topic in the field of micro-nano driving. However, existing hysteresis models and control methods cannot well describe the dynamic hysteresis curve of piezoelectric actuators and track the desired trajectory. To address this issue, this paper proposes an improved dynamic Prandtl–Ishlinskii (IDPI) model and a finite-time trajectory tracking adaptive sliding mode control method based on PID-type. Firstly, this paper introduces the construction and parameter identification method of the IDPI model. Secondly, the accuracy of the IDPI model in describing hysteresis curves under different input signals is verified through experiments, and the effectiveness of the feedforward controller based on the IDPI model is validated experimentally. Then, considering the modeling uncertainty, unmodeled internal dynamics, and external environmental disturbances of the piezoelectric micro-motion platform, a finite-time trajectory tracking adaptive sliding mode controller based on PID-type is designed to suppress the non-linear characteristics of the piezoelectric micro-motion platform. Finally, the performance of the compensator is verified through simulation experiments.
Unveiling highly sensitive Dy3+ doped BaMgAl10O17 phosphor’s thermoluminescence trap features and temperature dependent luminescence for solid state lighting applications
Authors: A Vidya Saraswathi , Chennappa Tejas , Naregundi Karunakara , Princy A , Kennedy S Masilla Moses , Altowyan Abeer S , Sayyed M I , Kamath Sudha D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article explores the structural, morphological, thermoluminescence, and temperature-dependent emission properties of novel Dy3+ doped BaMgAl10O17(BAM-Dy) phosphors. Structural studies reveal that the phosphor has a similar structure to β-alumina. Rod-shaped interlinked surface morphology is a notable characteristic of the BAM-Dy samples. Incorporation of Dy3+ ions lead to the formation of distinct emission peaks (485 nm, 577 nm, and 635 nm) in the PL emission spectra. The effect of dopant concentration on the light output is crucial, and the highest PL intensity is observed for 1.5 mol% of Dy3+ concentration. The potential use of BAM-Dy phosphors for Gamma radiation detection and measurement is tested through thermoluminescence studies, which reveal high sensitivity, low threshold dose values, and exceptional response to low gamma doses, making them suitable for dosimetry applications. The investigation of trap parameters provides useful information about the number of traps, trapping mechanism, and trap energies, which is essential for in-depth study of synthesized phosphors for γ dosimetry application. The study of the effect of temperature on the luminescence behaviour is crucial for the application of phosphors in the light-emitting field. The BAM-Dy samples exhibit excellent thermal stability even at 210 °C, making them suitable for use in the field of White LEDs.
Core-excited states in 105Cd
Authors: Ivanova D , Lalkovski S , Atanasova L , Kisyov S , Vasilev I , Mihai C , Turturica A , Blazhev A , Borcea R , Boromiza M , Calinescu S , Clisu Stan C , Costache C , Gandhi A , Grigorova D , Lica R , Marginean N , Marginean R , Müller-Gatermann C , Olacel A , Petrov N L , Stan L , Stefanova E A , Stiru I , Stoev G , Toma S , Turturica G , Ujeniuc S , Yordanov O 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

105Cd was produced in the 96Mo+12C fusion/evaporation reaction, performed at NIPNE, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania. Various excited states of positive- and negative-parities were populated. Picosecond half-lives were measured by using the Differential Decay Curve Method (DDCM) method, allowing to control the side feeding of the states of interest. New data were obtained for the half-lives of the 11/2+, 15/2− and 19/2−
105Cd states. Reduced electric quadrupole transition strengths were calculated and compared to the neighboring odd-A and even-A cadmium nuclei. The particle-core weak coupling approach was used to interpret excited states of 105Cd in the light of the new data.
Urine glucose concentration detection biosensor using one-dimensional photonic crystals with periodical and Fibonacci sequences based on Tamm plasmon resonance
Authors: Huang Xing , Zhang Liwei , Chen Xiaolin , Shi Rui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the design of biosensors utilizing one-dimensional photonic crystals with periodical and Fibonacci sequences for measuring glucose concentration in urine, aimed at facilitating continuous blood glucose monitoring for diabetic patients. Exploiting Tamm plasmon resonance within a photonic band gap in the medium wave infrared band, the biosensor comprises a configuration with a one-dimensional photonic crystal and an Ag layer deposited on an infrared prism, with a urine sample layer in between. Utilizing the transfer matrix method, the reflection spectra for electromagnetic waves are calculated. The wavelength position of the Tamm plasmon resonant dip is influenced by variations in glucose concentration within the urine sample. This is attributed to the distinct refractive indices exhibited by urine samples with different glucose concentrations. Optimizing biosensor performance under various incident angles involves adjusting the Ag layer and urine sample thicknesses while maintaining excellent linear characteristics. The optimal performance of the biosensor with Fibonacci sequence one-dimensional photonic crystal is significantly superior, with a sensitivity of 113,000 nm RIU−1, a figure of merit of 2.05 × 105 RIU−1, and a detection limit of 4.84 × 10−7 RIU. The combination of high performance and a straightforward structure makes the proposed biosensors for detecting urine glucose concentrations promising in biomedical diagnostics.
Stable dynamic helix state in the nonintegrable XXZ Heisenberg model
Authors: Zhang G , Song Z 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We investigate the influence of external fields on the stability of spin helix states in an XXZ Heisenberg model. Exact diagonalization on a finite system shows that random transverse fields in the x and y directions drive the transition from integrability to nonintegrability. In such a system, the helix state can be regarded as a quantum scar. Simultaneously, the presence of uniform z field enables the helix state to better maintain its dynamical nature, allowing for a clearer understanding of its evolutionary behavior. However, the entanglement entropy reveals that irrespective of the presence of a uniform z field, as long as the system remains chaotic, the scar extent of the helix state shows no significant variation.
Measurement of solar pp neutrino flux using electron recoil data from PandaX-4T commissioning run*
Authors: Lu 芦 Xiaoying 晓盈 , Abdukerim 阿布都沙拉木&middot; Abdusalam 阿布都克力木 , Bo 薄 Zihao 子豪 , Chen 陈 Wei 葳 , Chen 谌 Xun 勋 , Chen 陈 Yunhua 云华 , Cheng 程 Chen 晨 , Cheng 成 Zhaokan 兆侃 , Cui 崔 Xiangyi 祥仪 , Fan 樊 Yingjie 英杰 , Fang 方 Deqing 德清 , Geng 耿 Lisheng 立升 , Giboni Karl , Guo 郭 Xuyuan 绪元 , Han 韩 Chencheng 晨成 , Han 韩 Ke 柯 , He 何 Changda 昶达 , He 何 Jinrong 金荣 , Huang 黄 Di 迪 , Huang 黄 Junting 俊挺 , Huang 黄 Zhou 周 , Hou 侯 Ruquan 汝全 , Hou 侯 Yu 钰 , Ji 季 Xiangdong 向东 , Ju 巨 Yonglin 永林 , Li 李 Chenxiang 晨翔 , Li 李 Jiafu 家富 , Li 李 Mingchuan 名川 , Li 李 Shuaijie 帅杰 , Li 李 Tao 涛 , Lin 林 Qing 箐 , Liu 刘 Jianglai 江来 , Lu 陆 Congcong 聪聪 , Luo 罗 Lingyin 棱尹 , Luo 罗 Yunyang 云阳 , Ma 马 Wenbo 文博 , Ma 马 Yugang 余刚 , Mao 冒 Yajun 亚军 , Meng 孟 Yue 月 , Ning 宁 Xuyang 旭阳 , Pang 庞 Binyu 彬宇 , Qi 祁 Ningchun 宁春 , Qian 钱 Zhicheng 志成 , Ren 任 Xiangxiang 祥祥 , Shaheed Nasir , Shang 尚 Xiaofeng 晓凤 , Shao 邵 Xiyuan 熙元 , Shen 申 Guofang 国防 , Shen 申 Manbin 满斌 , Si 司 Lin 琳 , Sun 孙 Wenliang 文良 , Tao 陶 Yi 奕 , Wang 王 Anqing 安庆 , Wang 王 Meng 萌 , Wang 王 Qiuhong 秋红 , Wang 王 Shaobo 少博 , Wang 王 Siguang 思广 , Wang 王 Wei 为 , Wang 王 Xiuli 秀丽 , Wang 王 Xu 旭 , Wang 王 Zhou 舟 , Wei 魏 Yuehuan 月环 , Wu 武 Mengmeng 蒙蒙 , Wu 邬 Weihao 维浩 , Wu 吴 Yuan 渊 , Xiao 肖 Mengjiao 梦姣 , Xiao 肖 Xiang 翔 , Xiong 熊 Kaizhi 开智 , Yan 燕 Binbin 斌斌 , Yan 颜 Xiyu 玺雨 , Yang 杨 Yong 勇 , Yu 喻 Chunxu 纯旭 , Yuan 袁 Ying 影 , Yuan 苑 Zhe 哲 , Yun 运 Youhui 有辉 , Zeng 曾 Xinning 鑫宁 , Zhang 张 Minzhen 敏桢 , Zhang 张 Peng 鹏 , Zhang 张 Shibo 世博 , Zhang 张 Shu 澍 , Zhang 张 Tao 涛 , Zhang 张 Wei 威 , Zhang 张 Yang 洋 , Zhang 张 Yingxin 瀛心 , Zhang 张 Yuanyuan 园园 , Zhao 赵 Li 力 , Zhou 周 Jifang 济芳 , Zhou 周 Ning 宁 , Zhou 周 Xiaopeng 小朋 , Zhou 周 Yubo 钰博 , Zhou 周 Zhizhen 知震 , (PandaX Collaboration)  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The proton-proton (

) fusion chain dominates the neutrino production in the Sun. The uncertainty of the predicted

neutrino flux is at the sub-percent level, whereas that of the best measurement is

(10%). In this study, for the first time, we measure solar

neutrinos in the electron recoil energy range from 24 to 144 keV using the PandaX-4T commissioning data with 0.63 tonne

year exposure. The

neutrino flux is determined as

, which is consistent with the Standard Solar Model and existing measurements, corresponding to an upper flux limit of

at 90% C.L..
Neuromorphic circuits based on memristors: endowing robots with a human-like brain
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Yang Fan , Liu Qing , Zhang Zien , Wen Zhixing , Chen Jiangang , Zhang Qirui , Wang Cheng , Wang Ge , Liu Fucai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Robots are widely used, providing significant convenience in daily life and production. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and neuromorphic computing in recent years, the realization of more intelligent robots through a profound intersection of neuroscience and robotics has received much attention. Neuromorphic circuits based on memristors used to construct hardware neural networks have proved to be a promising solution of shattering traditional control limitations in the field of robot control, showcasing characteristics that enhance robot intelligence, speed, and energy efficiency. Starting with introducing the working mechanism of memristors and peripheral circuit design, this review gives a comprehensive analysis on the biomimetic information processing and biomimetic driving operations achieved through the utilization of neuromorphic circuits in brain-like control. Four hardware neural network approaches, including digital-analog hybrid circuit design, novel device structure design, multi-regulation mechanism, and crossbar array, are summarized, which can well simulate the motor decision-making mechanism, multi-information integration and parallel control of brain at the hardware level. It will be definitely conductive to promote the application of memristor-based neuromorphic circuits in areas such as intelligent robotics, artificial intelligence, and neural computing. Finally, a conclusion and future prospects are discussed.