bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards new regionalism? Case study of changing regional governance in the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Li Yi , Wu Fulong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper draws on a series of interviews with urban planners and government officials to examine the changing regional governance in the Yangtze River Delta. It finds that integration and collaboration are emerging and the growing economic benefits of intercity cooperation serves as a driver for local government to change from hostile competition to collaboration. Nevertheless, regional governance is far from established. Instead, regional transformations reflect the local politics of economic devolution and urban entrepreneurialism. Currently, there is no formal regional institution or coalition and the regional agenda is economic oriented and project based. Policies are formulated by individual cities rather than through multilateral negotiation between cities. The primary motive underlying the initiatives for cooperation is regional economic competitiveness rather than regional integration. Hence, the paper argues that emerging collaboration is far from being a substantial departure from inter‐jurisdiction competition in the earlier phase of regional governance.
How geographically concentrated is poverty in Fiji?
Authors: Pabon Laura , Umapathi Nithin , Waqavonovono Epeli 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we present highly disaggregated estimates of expenditure‐based poverty in Fiji using data from the 2007 national census and 2008–2009 Household Income and Expenditure Survey. Predicted poverty is estimated at provincial and tikina levels. Poverty in Fiji is marked by considerable spatial heterogeneity that cannot be gauged by the division level household survey estimates revealing pockets of poverty even within relatively well‐off regions. Predicted poverty is highest in Cakaudrove province in Northern Division. Most strikingly, we find that 50% of all the poor in Fiji are concentrated in just 6 out of 85 tikinas, namely Suva, Labasa, Ba, Naitasiri, Vuda and Nadi. This finding has important implications for efficiency of targeted poverty alleviation programmes. We also focus on squatter settlements for which poverty headcount estimates using the Household Income and Expenditure Survey are not feasible. We find these settlements have rates of poverty headcount ratio that range from 38–55% depending on the Division the squatter settlement is located in; this range is significantly higher compared with the average urban poverty estimated at 26% and raises important social policy issues for addressing urban poverty.
Port reform, South Asian migrant workers and spaces of vulnerability in Port Klang, Malaysia
Authors: Hill Douglas P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe corporatisation of Port Klang from the mid‐1980s onwards was a significant moment in the history of Malaysia's political economy and generated considerable momentum for the changes that were to occur in this late industrialising nation under the leadership of the Barisan Nasional government. In particular, the restructuring of how labour was organised in Malaysia's most significant port became frequently cited both within and outside the country as a model for tripartite labour privatisation and the well‐managed divestment of state‐owned enterprises. However, in the past decade, the organisation of labour in the port has again changed dramatically. Migrant labour from some of the poorest parts of Asia now makes up the majority of semi‐skilled and unskilled workers. Based on fieldwork carried out during 2009 with workers from Bangladesh and Nepal who are employed in Port Klang, this paper suggested that a regulatory vacuum now exists in the port, which means foreign workers are often treated badly and have few avenues for dissent. An analysis of the changing labour regime in Port Klang over time can assist in understanding the contemporary political economy of Malaysia as well as illuminate debates about the spaces of migrant labour more broadly.
Culture, social relations and private sector development in the Thai and Vietnamese fish hatchery sectors
Authors: Belton Ben 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper provides a comparative analysis of the social and cultural dimensions of fish hatchery development in Vietnam and Thailand. Two detailed case studies highlight the importance of a variety of culturally mediated, informal interpersonal relationships in facilitating the establishment of new hatchery enterprises. The analysis reveals that in both Vietnam and Thailand, informal relationships are extremely effective conduits for the transfer of productive technologies from public institutions to private entrepreneurs and for the subsequent development of private enterprises. It is concluded that if current policies aimed at promoting private sector development are to be more successful, they must be better tailored to the contours of specific cultural geographies in locations where they are implemented.
The PRIPS study: screening battery for subjects at risk for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Berg D. , Godau J. , Seppi K. , Behnke S. , Liepelt‐Scarfone I. , Lerche S. , Stockner H. , Gaenslen A. , Mahlknecht P. , Huber H. , Srulijes K. , Klenk J. , Fassbender K. , Maetzler W. , Poewe W. ,   the PRIPS study group
Published: August 2012

Background and purposeScreening batteries to narrow down a target‐at‐risk population are essential for trials testing neuroprotective compounds aiming to delay or prevent onset of Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsThe PRIPS study focuses on early detection of incident PD in 1847 at baseline PD‐free subjects, and assessed age, male gender, positive family history, hyposmia, subtle motor impairment and enlarged substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (SN+).ResultsAfter 3 years follow‐up 11 subjects had developed PD. In this analysis of the secondary outcome parameters, sensitivity and specificity of baseline markers for incident PD were calculated in 1352 subjects with complete datasets (10 PD patients). The best approach for prediction of incident PD comprised three steps: (i) prescreening for age, (ii) primary screening for positive family history and/or hyposmia, and (iii) secondary screening for SN+.ConclusionWith this approach, one out of 16 positively screened participants developed PD compared to one out of 135 in the original cohort. This corresponds to a sensitivity of 80.0%, a specificity of 90.6% and a positive predictive value of 6.1%. These values are higher than for any single screening instrument but still too low for a feasible and cost‐effective screening strategy which might require longer follow‐up intervals and application of additional instruments.
Investigating phenotypic heterogeneity in children with autism spectrum disorder: a factor mixture modeling approach
Authors: Georgiades Stelios , Szatmari Peter , Boyle Michael , Hanna Steven , Duku Eric , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Bryson Susan , Fombonne Eric , Volden Joanne , Mirenda Pat , Smith Isabel , Roberts Wendy , Vaillancourt Tracy , Waddell Charlotte , Bennett Teresa , Thompson Ann ,   Pathways in ASD Study Team
Published: August 2012

Background:  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by notable phenotypic heterogeneity, which is often viewed as an obstacle to the study of its etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. On the basis of empirical evidence, instead of three binary categories, the upcoming edition of the DSM 5 will use two dimensions – social communication deficits (SCD) and fixated interests and repetitive behaviors (FIRB) – for the ASD diagnostic criteria. Building on this proposed DSM 5 model, it would be useful to consider whether empirical data on the SCD and FIRB dimensions can be used within the novel methodological framework of Factor Mixture Modeling (FMM) to stratify children with ASD into more homogeneous subgroups.Methods:  The study sample consisted of 391 newly diagnosed children (mean age 38.3 months; 330 males) with ASD. To derive subgroups, data from the Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised indexing SCD and FIRB were used in FMM; FMM allows the examination of continuous dimensions and latent classes (i.e., categories) using both factor analysis (FA) and latent class analysis (LCA) as part of a single analytic framework.Results:  Competing LCA, FA, and FMM models were fit to the data. On the basis of a set of goodness‐of‐fit criteria, a ‘two‐factor/three‐class’ factor mixture model provided the overall best fit to the data. This model describes ASD using three subgroups/classes (Class 1: 34%, Class 2: 10%, Class 3: 56% of the sample) based on differential severity gradients on the SCD and FIRB symptom dimensions. In addition to having different symptom severity levels, children from these subgroups were diagnosed at different ages and were functioning at different adaptive, language, and cognitive levels.Conclusions:  Study findings suggest that the two symptom dimensions of SCD and FIRB proposed for the DSM 5 can be used in FMM to stratify children with ASD empirically into three relatively homogeneous subgroups.
Representations of Cape Slavery in South African Literature
Authors: Johnson David 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCape slavery has been represented in South African literature during the eras of colonialism, segregation, apartheid, and post‐apartheid rule. These literary works have drawn upon the histories of Cape slavery, and have attempted by acts of the creative imagination to transform history into literature. The contingent politics of each historical period marks the literature of Cape slavery. For example, literary works on slavery produced in the apartheid era typically end with slave rebellions crushed by the white regime, whereas post‐apartheid works end with individual slave characters achieving redemption.
Lives and Wives: Understanding African Nationalism in South Africa through a Biographical Approach1
Authors: Hughes Heather 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe essay poses the question, ‘What can a biographical approach tell us about the nature of early African nationalism in South Africa?’ After briefly tracing the conditions under which African nationalist organisations emerged in South Africa, it focuses on two elements of the social makeup of the nationalist movement, class and gender. It argues that the term ‘elite’ to define the class which assumed leadership of the African National Congress can be misleading in its connotations. On the latter, it argues strongly that our understanding has been stunted by stereotypes, and that a biographical approach can assist in appreciating the complexities of African middle class life, the gendered nature of nationalist politics and the intellectual role that women played in the early years of the nationalist movement in South Africa.
Group A Streptococcal Panniculitis
Authors: Villaseñor‐Park Jennifer , Davis Amy , Singh Sonia , Zuckerbraun Noel , Green Michael , Gehris Robin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractInfectious panniculitis caused by group A beta‐hemolytic streptococcus is rare, especially in immunocompetent patients. Its clinical presentation is usually nonspecific, but skin biopsy may provide information on the source. We describe the case of a previously healthy 2‐year‐old girl who presented with fever, tachycardia, and diffuse erythematous skin nodule; biopsy revealed a deep lobular neutrophilic panniculitis with gram‐positive bacteria.
Fixing Europe's Democratic Deficit
Authors: SUTHERLAND PETER 
Published: August 2012

Because they have failed to address the fundamental economic imbalances within Europe obscured by the single currency, each effort by European leaders so far to resolve the euro crisis has only deepened it. Without a decisive move toward fiscal and political union, accompanied by policies that push productivity and competitiveness toward convergence while closing the democratic deficit, the Eurozone will disintegrate.To discuss the way forward, the Nicolas Berggruen Institute's Council on the Future of Europe met in Rome on May 28 with Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti. In this section we publish the contributions from that meeting by the former European leaders, scholars and Nobel laureates who are members of the Council.
Swiss Lessons for European Federalism
Authors: KELLENBERGER JAKOB 
Published: August 2012

Because they have failed to address the fundamental economic imbalances within Europe obscured by the single currency, each effort by European leaders so far to resolve the euro crisis has only deepened it. Without a decisive move toward fiscal and political union, accompanied by policies that push productivity and competitiveness toward convergence while closing the democratic deficit, the Eurozone will disintegrate.To discuss the way forward, the Nicolas Berggruen Institute's Council on the Future of Europe met in Rome on May 28 with Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti. In this section we publish the contributions from that meeting by the former European leaders, scholars and Nobel laureates who are members of the Council.
More Europe, Less Nationalism
Authors: GONZÁLEZ FÉLIPE 
Published: August 2012

Because they have failed to address the fundamental economic imbalances within Europe obscured by the single currency, each effort by European leaders so far to resolve the euro crisis has only deepened it. Without a decisive move toward fiscal and political union, accompanied by policies that push productivity and competitiveness toward convergence while closing the democratic deficit, the Eurozone will disintegrate.To discuss the way forward, the Nicolas Berggruen Institute's Council on the Future of Europe met in Rome on May 28 with Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti. In this section we publish the contributions from that meeting by the former European leaders, scholars and Nobel laureates who are members of the Council.
A Global Rescue for Europe
Authors: BROWN GORDON 
Published: August 2012

Because they have failed to address the fundamental economic imbalances within Europe obscured by the single currency, each effort by European leaders so far to resolve the euro crisis has only deepened it. Without a decisive move toward fiscal and political union, accompanied by policies that push productivity and competitiveness toward convergence while closing the democratic deficit, the Eurozone will disintegrate.To discuss the way forward, the Nicolas Berggruen Institute's Council on the Future of Europe met in Rome on May 28 with Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti. In this section we publish the contributions from that meeting by the former European leaders, scholars and Nobel laureates who are members of the Council.
This Time Europe Really is on the Brink
Authors: FERGUSON NIALL , ROUBINI NOURIEL 
Published: August 2012

Because they have failed to address the fundamental economic imbalances within Europe obscured by the single currency, each effort by European leaders so far to resolve the euro crisis has only deepened it. Without a decisive move toward fiscal and political union, accompanied by policies that push productivity and competitiveness toward convergence while closing the democratic deficit, the Eurozone will disintegrate.To discuss the way forward, the Nicolas Berggruen Institute's Council on the Future of Europe met in Rome on May 28 with Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti. In this section we publish the contributions from that meeting by the former European leaders, scholars and Nobel laureates who are members of the Council.
Egyptian Muslims Should Embrace Secularism
Authors: GUL ABDULLAH 
Published: August 2012

The revolutions of the Arab Spring are twisting and turning on a troubled course. After an uprising overthrew Mubarak last year, elections were held in June in which the Muslim Brotherhood dominated—only to have the military once again assert its authority over any new parliament and constitution. What is at stake is whether Egypt will remain a secular state like Turkey, or take on a moretheocratic bent if ruled by Islamists.In this section, the Arab world's only Nobel laureate in science offers his views about Egypt's future. The Turkish president argues for a secularism that tolerates all religions in Egypt. The CIA's former top analyst on the Muslim world questions whether Islamist parties can deliver once in power instead of opposition.
Quantifying landscape change during the last two centuries in Białowieża Primeval Forest
Authors: Mikusinska Anna , Zawadzka Bernadetta , Samojlik Tomasz , Jędrzejewska Bogumiła , Mikusiński Grzegorz 
Published: August 2012

AbstractQuestionWhat changes in character and extent of land use have occurred during the last 200 yr in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (BPF)? Are the landscape transformations described from the multi‐temporal analysis of historical maps coherent with vegetation changes expressed by the previous palynological analyses?LocationBiałowieża Primeval Forest, Polish–Belarusian border.MethodsWe used five historical maps (from 1793 to 1936) and one digital land‐use map (1999–2000) to quantify the landscape changes. Land‐use types according to historical maps were digitized and georeferenced. The maps were then used for both comparing the extent of cover types in each time step and analysing the nature of change through transition matrices. The sequence of changes concerning the proportion of land‐use types was then compared with classes of pollen, which were assumed to represent corresponding vegetation types.ResultsMost of the area (>70%) has been continuously covered with forest. In the period between 1793 and 1830, the forest declined, being the main donor to agricultural land and villages. In the 20th century, the trend was reversed. We found a significant correlation between the percentage of the main vegetation types derived from historical maps and the corresponding vegetation types, as indicated by pollen, with a mean time lag of 20 yr.ConclusionThe BPF landscape has been quite stable throughout the last 200 yr, mainly due to the high continuity of forest cover. The results obtained from landscape analysis based on maps are coherent with pollen data collected in the same area.
Changes in the abundance of keystone forest floor species in response to changes of forest structure
Authors: Hedwall Per‐Ola , Brunet Jörg , Nordin Annika , Bergh Johan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractQuestionDoes the abundance of keystone forest floor species change in response to changes in the forest structure?LocationSwedenMethodsWe used data from theSwedishNationalForest Inventory to investigate changes in the abundance of three common species, as well as the total abundance of all understorey vascular plants (the field layer) in forests in the boreal and temperate parts ofSweden.GLMs andGAMs were used to relate species abundance and temporal changes in abundances to forest structure and forest structural change.ResultsProductivity, measured as the site index, was the most important determinant of individual species' abundance. The volume ofPicea abies, the density of tree stems and forest age were among the most important forest structural variables. We found that the dwarf shrubVaccinium myrtillus, the narrow‐leaved grasses (mainlyAvenella flexuosa) and the total field layer cover decreased in borealSweden from 1994 through 2010 and that these changes coincided with an increase in forest density and with a reduction in forest age.ConclusionsChanges inSwedish forests to higher tree layer density and younger age appear to contribute significantly to current changes in forest floor vegetation. The use of more intensive thinning practices to reduce the total density of the forest and to increase the proportion of broad‐leaved tree species andPinus sylvestriswould favour the forest floor species in this study. Moreover, increasing forest age (i.e. the length of rotation periods) might favourV. myrtillusin particular, for which the time since disturbance is important for the recovery of pre‐disturbance abundance. However, increased thinning intensity and forest age will reduce the potential for wood production, implying a trade‐off between production of wood and maintenance of well‐developed forest floor vegetation.
What Drives China's House Prices: Marriage or Money?
Authors: Zhang Chengsi , An Guojun , Yu Xin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe high and rising house prices in China are not adequately accounted for the traditional explanations emphasizing demand‐driven or cost‐push factors. Recent published studies claim that gender imbalance increases competition among men in the marriage market, which has pushed Chinese, especially parents with a son, to buy houses as a signal of relative status in the marriage market; this marriage competition then causes high demand for houses and eventually leads to rising house prices in China. Empirical results in this paper, however, provide little support for this hypothesis and we find that a rise in the sex ratios for most age cohorts accounts for very small percentage variations in house price movements in China during 1998–2009. Further investigation suggests that excess demand driven by high monetary growth was a significant cause of the rising house prices in China during 1998–2009. Therefore, the impact of gender imbalance on house prices should not be exaggerated and monetary dynamics remains an important leading indicator for house price movements in China.
Emergence of ASEAN, China and India and the Regional Architecture
Authors: Zhang Yunling , Shen Minghui 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe rise of ASEAN, China and India as economic powers is of great significance to regional as well as global economic development. Although their ascendance in the global economy will continue, they will have to go to great pains to meet the new challenges. Considering ASEAN, China and India as a group, due to their differences in economic development levels, economic structures and policy concern priorities, it is difficult for them to formulate a unified position on a range of global issues. ASEAN, China and India must foster an open, transparent and efficient regional as well as global environment. They need to cooperate in designing the architecture to ensure regional as well as global freer trade and investment and more stable finance, and to play more active roles in future global governance and rulemaking.
Triangulating the provenance of African elephants using mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Ishida Yasuko , Georgiadis Nicholas J. , Hondo Tomoko , Roca Alfred L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAfrican elephant mitochondrial (mt) DNA follows a distinctive evolutionary trajectory. As females do not migrate between elephant herds, mtDNA exhibits low geographic dispersal. We therefore examined the effectiveness of mtDNA for assigning the provenance of African elephants (or their ivory). For 653 savanna and forest elephants from 22 localities in 13 countries, 4258 bp of mtDNA was sequenced. We detected eight mtDNA subclades, of which seven had regionally restricted distributions. Among 108 unique haplotypes identified, 72% were found at only one locality and 84% were country specific, while 44% of individuals carried a haplotype detected only at their sampling locality. We combined 316 bp of our control region sequences with those generated by previous trans‐national surveys of African elephants. Among 101 unique control region haplotypes detected in African elephants across 81 locations in 22 countries, 62% were present in only a single country. Applying our mtDNA results to a previous microsatellite‐based assignment study would improve estimates of the provenance of elephants in 115 of 122 mis‐assigned cases. Nuclear partitioning followed species boundaries and not mtDNA subclade boundaries. For taxa such as elephants in which nuclear and mtDNA markers differ in phylogeography, combining the two markers can triangulate the origins of confiscated wildlife products.