bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning‐based monocular visual‐inertial odometry with SE2(3) $S{E}_{2}(3)$‐EKF
Authors: Guo Chi , Hu Jianlang , Luo Yarong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLearning‐based visual odometry (VO) becomes popular as it achieves a remarkable performance without manually crafted image processing and burdensome calibration. Meanwhile, the inertial navigation can provide a localization solution to assist VO when the VO produces poor state estimation under challenging visual conditions. Therefore, the combination of learning‐based technique and classical state estimation method can further improve the performance of pose estimation. In this paper, we propose a learning‐based visual‐inertial odometry (VIO) algorithm, which consists of an end‐to‐end VO network and an ‐Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The VO network mainly combines a convolutional neural network with a recurrent neural network, taking advantage of two consecutive monocular images to produce relative pose estimation with associated uncertainties. The ‐EKF, which is proved to overcome the inconsistency issues of VIO, propagates inertial measurement unit kinematics‐based states, and fuses relative measurements and uncertainties from the VO network in its update step. The extensive experimental results on the KITTI data set and the EuRoC data set demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method compared to other related methods.
An Organocatalyzed Multicomponent Reaction: A Rapid and Efficient Practical Approach for 4H‐pyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline‐3‐carbonitriles Synthesis
Authors: Kadu Vikas D. , Gaikwad Supriya G. , Konapure Shraddha R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA three‐component multicomponent approach has been developed at room temperature for the synthesis of 4H‐pyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline‐3‐carbonitriles. The all synthesized products were afforded in short reaction time with excellent yield using BABCO catalyst. The process is proficient with good tolerance of functional groups and well‐explored substrate scope.
Assessment of Some Characteristics of a Novel Photocatalyst Based on Hydrotalcite Mg‐Al‐Ag, Titanium Dioxide and Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles
Authors: Duong My Tra , Nguyen Chinh Thuy , Dam Thang Xuan , Vu Hieu Dinh , Thai Hoang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe utilization of metals and metal oxides as photocatalysts is a common method for treating dye contamination. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) are well known for their effectiveness as a photocatalyst in ultraviolet regions, while the inclusion of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can improve the photocatalytic properties of the nanocomposite materials in visible light. However, the TNPs and AgNPs are difficult to collect for reuse in water treatment due to their limited dispersion. Henceforth, this work recommended a novel photocatalyst based on hydrotalcite Mg−Al, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FNPs), AgNPs, and TNPs prepared using the co‐precipitation method. Additionally, organic silane was first time used as a coupling agent to combine the components together. Consequently, the obtained products were applied for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under natural sunlight. The characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposites were determined using infrared spectroscopy, vibrating‐sample magnetometer, X‐ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy methods. The degradability of MB under sunlight was investigated using ultraviolet‐visible method. Moreover, the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of these nanocomposites has been tested and discussed.
Ultrathin Sulfur‐Doped g‐C3N4 Nanosheets Controlled by Steam Activation for Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Song Wan‐Long , Zhang Niu‐Niu , Ma Xiao‐Jun , Liu Xu‐Tong , Li Dong‐Na , Li Jie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGraphite carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has garnered considerable attention due to its excellent photocatalytic properties for the degradation of organic matter in wastewater treatment. Herein, sulfur‐doped g‐C3N4 nanosheets (CN−S‐X) were successfully synthesized via physical steam activation using thiourea and urea as precursors. Comprehensive characterizations demonstrate that the enhanced photocatalysis is attributed to the ultrathin structure, highly active site, vacancy defects, and high specific surface area due to the synergy of S doping and steam activation. The as‐prepared CN−S‐25 photocatalyst exhibits a desirable degradation efficiency of 95.4 % for methylene blue dye with a high degradation rate of 2.65×10−2 min−1 under visible‐light irradiation, which are 2.1 and 5.52 times those for bulk g‐C3N4, respectively as well as good reusability and stability. This study provides a simple and promising strategy to regulate the nanostructure of g‐C3N4 for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
Effects of Mother Tongue Education and Multilingualism on Reading Skills in the Regional Language and English in India
Authors: Vogelzang Margreet , Tsimpli Ianthi Maria , Balasubramanian Anusha , Panda Minati , Alladi Suvarna , Reddy Abhigna , Mukhopadhyay Lina , Treffers‐Daller Jeanine , Marinis Theodoros 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn a highly multilingual country like India, challenges and opportunities arise in education and language policy. Although multilingualism is often associated with developmental advantages, Indian primary school children generally show low learning outcomes, specifically on literacy. Here we examine the influence of mother tongue education and multilingualism on the reading skills and reading comprehension of 1272 Indian primary school children from low SES homes. The children performed the ASER literacy task in both the regional, majority language and in English, which was followed by newly developed reading comprehension questions. The results show that minority language speakers from monolingual households—who do not receive mother tongue education—underperform compared to majority language speakers when reading in the majority language. When reading in English, growing up in a multilingual household improves children's performance. Finally, in sites which have a larger proportion of mother tongue‐educated children, children perform better in literacy in the regional language and worse in English. Overall, these results provide insight into the influence of mother tongue education and multilingualism on reading abilities and show that more support is needed for minority language speakers to develop literacy in the majority language, and for all children to develop literacy in English.
Enhanced ozonation of vanillin catalyzed by highly efficient magnetic MnFe2O4/ZIF‐67 catalysts: Synergistic effects and mechanism insights
Authors: Ru Yifan , Gong Xianghong , Lu Wangyang , Chen Lu , Wei Lanlan , Dai Qizhou 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized magnetic MnFe2O4/ZIF‐67 composite catalysts using a straightforward method, yielding catalysts that exhibited outstanding performance in catalyzing the ozonation of vanillin. This exceptional catalytic efficiency arose from the synergistic interplay between MnFe2O4 and ZIF‐67. Comprehensive characterization via x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed that the incorporation of MnFe2O4 promoted the creation of oxygen vacancies, resulting in an increased presence of l adsorbed oxygen (Oads) and the generation of additional ·OH groups on the catalyst surface. Utilizing ZIF‐67 as the carrier markedly enhanced the specific surface area of the catalyst, augmenting the exposure of active sites, thus improving the degradation efficiency and reducing the energy consumption. The effects of different experimental parameters (catalyst type, initial vanillin concentration, ozone dosage, initial pH value, and catalyst dosage) were also investigated, and the optimal experimental parameters (300 mg/L1.0‐MnFe2O4/ZIF‐67, vanillin concentration = 250 mg/L, O3 concentration = 12 mg/min, pH = 7) were obtained. The vanillin removal efficiency of MnFe2O4/ZIF‐67 was increased from 74.95% to 99.54% after 30 min of reaction, and the magnetic separation of MnFe2O4/ZIF‐67 was easy to be recycled and stable, and the vanillin removal efficiency of MnFe2O4/ZIF‐67 was only decreased by about 8.92% after 5 cycles. Additionally, we delved into the synergistic effects and catalytic mechanism of the catalysts through kinetic fitting, reactive oxygen quenching experiments, and electron transfer analysis. This multifaceted approach provides a comprehensive understanding of the enhanced ozonation process catalyzed by MnFe2O4/ZIF‐67 composite catalysts, shedding light on their potential applications in advanced oxidation processes.Practitioner Points

A stable and recyclable magnetic composite MnFe2O4/ZIF‐67 catalyst was synthesized through a simple method.
The synergistic effect and catalytic mechanism of the MnFe2O4/ZIF‐67 catalyst were comprehensively analyzed and discussed.
A kinetic model for the catalytic ozone oxidation of vanillin was introduced, providing valuable insights into the reaction dynamics.
Good Inducing Schemes for Uniformly Hyperbolic Flows, and Applications to Exponential Decay of Correlations
Authors: Melbourne Ian , Varandas Paulo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGiven an Axiom A attractor for a $$C^{1+\alpha }$$

C

1
+
α

flow ($$\alpha >0$$

α
>
0

), we construct a countable Markov extension with exponential return times in such a way that the inducing set is a smoothly embedded unstable disk. This avoids technical issues concerning irregularity of boundaries of Markov partition elements and enables an elementary approach to certain questions involving exponential decay of correlations for SRB measures.
Weighted $$\infty $$-Willmore spheres
Authors: Gallagher Ed , Moser Roger 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOn the two-sphere $$\Sigma $$
Σ
, we consider the problem of minimising among suitable immersions $$f \,:\Sigma \rightarrow \mathbb {R}^3$$

f

:
Σ
→

R

3

the weighted $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

norm of the mean curvature H, with weighting given by a prescribed ambient function $$\xi $$
ξ
, subject to a fixed surface area constraint. We show that, under a low-energy assumption which prevents topological issues from arising, solutions of this problem and also a more general set of “pseudo-minimiser” surfaces must satisfy a second-order PDE system obtained as the limit as $$p \rightarrow \infty $$

p
→
∞

of the Euler–Lagrange equations for the approximating $$L^p$$

L
p

problems. This system gives some information about the geometric behaviour of the surfaces, and in particular implies that their mean curvature takes on at most three values: $$H \in \{ \pm \Vert \xi H\Vert _{L^\infty } \}$$

H
∈
{
±
‖
ξ
H

‖

L
∞

}

away from the nodal set of the PDE system, and $$H = 0$$

H
=
0

on the nodal set (if it is non-empty).
A Q-Operator for Open Spin Chains II: Boundary Factorization
Authors: Cooper Alec , Vlaar Bart , Weston Robert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne of the features of Baxter’s Q-operators for many closed spin chain models is that all transfer matrices arise as products of two Q-operators with shifts in the spectral parameter. In the representation-theoretical approach to Q-operators, underlying this is a factorization formula for L-operators (solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation associated to particular infinite-dimensional representations). To extend such a formalism to open spin chains, one needs a factorization identity for solutions of the reflection equation (boundary Yang–Baxter equation) associated to these representations. In the case of quantum affine $$\mathfrak {sl}_2$$

sl
2

and diagonal K-matrices, we derive such an identity using the recently formulated theory of universal K-matrices for quantum affine algebras.
CT-like images based on T1-weighted gradient echo MRI sequences for the assessment of fractures of the hand and wrist compared to CT
Authors: Hesse N. , Feuerriegel G. C. , Erber B. , Reidler P. , Gottfried V. , Stohldreier Y. , Schmitt R. , Dietrich O. , Gersing A. S. , Spiro J. E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the performance of a 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo (3D T1GRE) computed tomography (CT)-like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence for detecting and assessing wrist and hand fractures compared to conventional CT.

Methods
Subjects with acute wrist or hand fracture in CT underwent additional 3 T MRI including a CT-like 3D T1GRE sequence and were compared to patients without fractures. Two radiologists assessed fracture morphology on both modalities according to the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osteosynthese (AO) and graded image quality and diagnostic confidence on a 5-point Likert scale.
Besides diagnostic test evaluation, differences in image quality and diagnostic confidence between CT-like MRI and CT were calculated using the Wilcoxon test. Agreement of AO classification between modalities and readers was assessed using Cohen’s Kappa.

Results
Twenty-eight patients with 43 fractures and 43 controls were included. Image quality (3D T1GRE 1.19 ± 0.37 vs. CT 1.22 ± 0.42; p = 0.65) and diagnostic confidence (3D T1GRE 1.28 ± 0.53 vs. CT 1.28 ± 0.55; p = 1.00) were rated excellent for both modalities. Regarding the AO classification, intra- (rater 1 and rater 2, κ = 0.89; 95% CI 0.80–0.97) and interrater agreement were excellent (3D T1GRE, κ = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70–0.93; CT, κ = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75–0.94). CT-like MRI showed excellent sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for fracture detection (reader 1: 1.00, 0.92, 0.96; reader 2: 0.98, 0.94, 0.96).

Conclusion
CT-like MRI is a comparable alternative to CT for assessing hand and wrist fractures, offering the advantage of avoiding radiation exposure.
Hematocrit control and thrombotic risk in patients with polycythemia vera treated with ruxolitinib in clinical practice
Authors: Chojecki Aleksander , Boselli Danielle , Dortilus Allison , Hamadeh Issam , Begley Stephanie , Chen Tommy , Bose Rupali , Podoltsev Nikolai , Zeidan Amer M. , Balmaceda Nicole Baranda , Yacoub Abdulraheem , Ai Jing , Knight Thomas Gregory , Ragon Brittany Knick , Shah Nilay Arvind , Sanikommu Srinivasa Reddy , Symanowski James , Mesa Ruben , Grunwald Michael Richard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by unregulated red blood cell production resulting in elevated hemoglobin and/or hematocrit levels. Patients often have symptoms such as fatigue, pruritus, and painful splenomegaly, but are also at risk of thrombosis, both venous and arterial. Ruxolitinib, a selective Janus kinase inhibitor, is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as second-line cytoreductive treatment after intolerance or inadequate response to hydroxyurea. Although ruxolitinib has been widely used in this setting, limited data exist in the literature on ruxolitinib treatment patterns and outcomes among patients with PV in routine clinical practice. We report a retrospective, observational, cohort study of patients treated for PV with ruxolitinib across three US centers (academic and regional practice) from December 2014-December 2019. The study included 69 patients, with a median follow-up duration of 3.7 years (95% CI, 2.9–4.4). Our data demonstrate very high rates of hematocrit control (88% of patients by three months and 89% by six months); few patients required dose adjustments or suspension. No arterial thromboses were observed; however, the follow-up duration does not allow for the generation of meaningful conclusions from this. Three patients had thrombotic events; one was in the setting of a second malignancy, one post-operative, and a third related to prolonged immobility. We also found that 28% of patients initiated ruxolitinib as a result of poorly controlled platelet counts, second only to hydroxyurea intolerance (46%) as a reason to start therapy. In clinical practice, ruxolitinib continues to be effective in controlling hematocrit levels after three and six months of treatment in patients and is associated with low thrombotic risk.
Development and evaluation of two open-source nnU-Net models for automatic segmentation of lung tumors on PET and CT images with and without respiratory motion compensation
Authors: Carles Montserrat , Kuhn Dejan , Fechter Tobias , Baltas Dimos , Mix Michael , Nestle Ursula , Grosu Anca L. , Martí-Bonmatí Luis , Radicioni Gianluca , Gkika Eleni 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives
In lung cancer, one of the main limitations for the optimal integration of the biological and anatomical information derived from Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Computed Tomography (CT) is the time and expertise required for the evaluation of the different respiratory phases. In this study, we present two open-source models able to automatically segment lung tumors on PET and CT, with and without motion compensation.

Materials and methods
This study involved time-bin gated (4D) and non-gated (3D) PET/CT images from two prospective lung cancer cohorts (Trials 108237 and 108472) and one retrospective. For model construction, the ground truth (GT) was defined by consensus of two experts, and the nnU-Net with 5-fold cross-validation was applied to 560 4D-images for PET and 100 3D-images for CT. The test sets included 270 4D- images and 19 3D-images for PET and 80 4D-images and 27 3D-images for CT, recruited at 10 different centres.

Results
In the performance evaluation with the multicentre test sets, the Dice Similarity Coefficients (DSC) obtained for our PET model were DSC(4D-PET) = 0.74 ± 0.06, improving 19% relative to the DSC between experts and DSC(3D-PET) = 0.82 ± 0.11. The performance for CT was DSC(4D-CT) = 0.61 ± 0.28 and DSC(3D-CT) = 0.63 ± 0.34, improving 4% and 15% relative to DSC between experts.

Conclusions
Performance evaluation demonstrated that the automatic segmentation models have the potential to achieve accuracy comparable to manual segmentation and thus hold promise for clinical application. The resulting models can be freely downloaded and employed to support the integration of 3D- or 4D- PET/CT and to facilitate the evaluation of its impact on lung cancer clinical practice.

Clinical relevance statement
We provide two open-source nnU-Net models for the automatic segmentation of lung tumors on PET/CT to facilitate the optimal integration of biological and anatomical information in clinical practice. The models have superior performance compared to the variability observed in manual segmentations by the different experts for images with and without motion compensation, allowing to take advantage in the clinical practice of the more accurate and robust 4D-quantification.

Key Points

Lung tumor segmentation on PET/CT imaging is limited by respiratory motion and manual delineation is time consuming and suffer from inter- and intra-variability.

Our segmentation models had superior performance compared to the manual segmentations by different experts.

Automating PET image segmentation allows for easier clinical implementation of biological information.
Impact of ischemic stroke topography on early clinical outcome of basilar artery occlusion: a retrospective study
Authors: Hernandez Petzsche Moritz R. , Maegerlein Christian , Wunderlich Silke , Ikenberg Benno , Zimmer Claus , Kirschke Jan S. , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Berndt Maria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) may be etiologically attributed to embolism or in situ thrombosis due to basilar stenosis (BS). Patients with BAO due to BS (BAOS) are known to have worse outcomes than patients with embolic occlusions (BAOE). BAOS occurs more proximally in the basilar artery (BA) than BAOE. We hypothesize that differing brain stem infarct patterns contribute to outcome differences between these stroke etiologies.

Methods
This retrospective study includes 199 consecutive patients with BAO who received endovascular treatment at a single center. Final infarction in brain parenchyma dependent on the posterior circulation was graded semiquantitatively on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Associations to underlying stenosis and angiographic and clinical outcome variables were tested. The primary endpoint was early good clinical outcome (EGCO, mRS score ≤ 3 at discharge).

Results
Infarct extension of the medulla oblongata (OR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.07–0.86; p = 0.03), the inferior pons (OR = 0.328; 95% CI = 0.17–0.63; p = 0.001), the superior pons (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.33–0.99; p = 0.046), and the occipital lobes (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.26–0.80; p = 0.006) negatively predicted EGCO. Infarct extension for other posterior-circulation-dependent brain regions was not independently associated with unfavorable early outcomes. Patients with BAOS had more proximal occlusions and greater infarct volumes in the inferior brain stem. Successful reperfusion (mTICI 2b-3) occurred more often in patients with BAOE than in BAOS (BAOE: 131 (96.3%); BAOS: 47 (83.9%), p = 0.005).

Conclusion
Unfavorable early outcomes in patients with BAOS may be explained by a higher likelihood of inferior brain stem infarcts and lower rates of reperfusion success.

Clinical relevance statement
Basilar artery occlusion due to underlying stenosis is associated with a poorer prognosis than that caused by embolism; these results suggest that aggressive endovascular therapy, usually involving the placement of a permanent stent, may be warranted in these patients.

Key Points

Inferior brain stem and occipital infarcts are prognostically unfavorable in basilar artery occlusion.

Basilar artery occlusion due to stenosis occurs more proximally and is associated with worse outcomes.

Differentiating etiologies of basilar artery occlusion may influence how aggressively treated the occlusion is.
External validation of the colorectal cancer risk score LiFeCRC using food frequency questions in the HUNT study
Authors: Brenne Siv S. , Ness-Jensen Eivind , Laugsand Eivor A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To mitigate the increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence globally and prevent CRC at the individual level, individual lifestyle information needs to be easily translated into CRC risk assessment. Several CRC risk prediction models exist and their clinical usefulness depends on their ease of use. Our objectives were to assess and externally validate the LiFeCRC score in our independent, unselected population and to investigate the use of simpler food frequency measurements in the score.

Methods
Incidental colon and rectal cancer cases were compared to the general population among 78,580 individuals participating in a longitudinal health study in Norway (HUNT). Vegetable, dairy product, processed meat and sugar/confectionary consumption was scored based on food frequency. The LiFeCRC risk score was calculated for each individual.

Results
Over a median of 10 years following participation in HUNT, colon cancer was diagnosed in 1355 patients and rectal cancer was diagnosed in 473 patients. The LiFeCRC score using food frequencies demonstrated good discrimination in CRC overall (AUC 0.77) and in sex-specific models (AUC men 0.76 and women 0.77) in this population also including individuals ≥ 70 years and patients with diabetes. It performed somewhat better in colon (AUC 0.80) than in rectal cancer (AUC 0.72) and worked best for female colon cancer (AUC 0.81).

Conclusion
Readily available clinical variables and food frequency questions in a modified LiFeCRC score can identify patients at risk of CRC and may improve primary prevention by motivating to lifestyle change or participation in the CRC screening programme.