bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of postpartum viral load rebound in a cohort of HIV‐infected Brazilian women
Authors: Cavallo Ines Katerina , Kakehasi Fabiana Maria , Andrade Beatriz Amélia , Lobato Ana Cristina , Aguiar Regina Amélia , Pinto Jorge Andrade , Melo Victor Hugo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the postpartum viral load of HIV‐infected women treated with potent antiretrovirals (ARVs) during pregnancy, and look for predictors of viral load rebound.MethodsOf 112 women who took potent ARVs during pregnancy, 60 took them as prophylaxis to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV. The remaining 52, who had AIDS, were treated continuously with ARVs before, during, and after pregnancy. Viral load was evaluated in the weeks before, just before, and after delivery. Viral load rebound was defined as a 0.5 log10 increase in viral RNA as measured 6 months after delivery.ResultsA viral load rebound affected women much more often in the prophylaxis than in the treatment group (84.7% vs 15.3%; P < 0.001), and was associated with ARV discontinuation. The women with a viral load rebound had a higher decline in CD4 lymphocyte percentage 6 months after delivery. On multivariate analysis, variables positively or negatively associated with a viral load rebound were a decline in CD4 lymphocyte count (P = 0.01), the therapeutic use of potent ARVs (P < 0.001), and the number of prenatal visits (P = 0.03).ConclusionDiscontinuing the use of potent ARVs after delivery was associated with a decrease in CD4 lymphocyte count and a viral load rebound.
Distinct Patterns of Genetic Variation Alter Flowering Responses of Arabidopsis Accessions to Different Daylengths
Authors: Giakountis Antonis , Cremer Frederic , Sim Sheina , Reymond Matthieu , Schmitt Johanna , Coupland George 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMany plants flower in response to seasonal changes in daylength. This response often varies between accessions of a single species. We studied the variation in photoperiod response found in the model species Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Seventy-two accessions were grown under six daylengths varying in 2-h intervals from 6 to 16 h. The typical response was sigmoidal, so that plants flowered early under days longer than 14 h, late under days shorter than 10 h, and at intermediate times under 12-h days. However, many accessions diverged from this pattern and were clustered into groups showing related phenotypes. Thirty-one mutants and transgenic lines were also scored under the same conditions. Statistical comparisons demonstrated that some accessions show stronger responses to different daylengths than are found among the mutants. Genetic analysis of two such accessions demonstrated that different quantitative trait loci conferred an enhanced response to shortening the daylength from 16 to 14 h. Our data illustrate the spectrum of daylength response phenotypes present in accessions of Arabidopsis and demonstrate that similar phenotypic variation in photoperiodic response can be conferred by different combinations of loci.
Disruption of Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation Mechanisms Alters Responses of Arabidopsis to Biotic Stress
Authors: Adams-Phillips Lori , Briggs Amy G. , Bent Andrew F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a posttranslational protein modification in which ADP-ribose (ADP-Rib) units derived from NAD+ are attached to proteins by poly(ADP-Rib) polymerase (PARP) enzymes. ADP-Rib groups are removed from these polymer chains by the enzyme poly(ADP-Rib) glycohydrolase (PARG). In animals, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is associated with DNA damage responses and programmed cell death. Previously, we hypothesized a role for poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in plant defense responses when we detected defense-associated expression of the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation-related genes PARG2 and NUDT7 and observed altered callose deposition in the presence of a chemical PARP inhibitor. The role of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in plant defenses was more extensively investigated in this study, using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Pharmacological inhibition of PARP using 3-aminobenzamide perturbs certain innate immune responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns (flg22 and elf18), including callose deposition, lignin deposition, pigment accumulation, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, but does not disrupt other responses, such as the initial oxidative burst and expression of some early defense-associated genes. Mutant parg1 seedlings exhibit exaggerated seedling growth inhibition and pigment accumulation in response to elf18 and are hypersensitive to the DNA-damaging agent mitomycin C. Both parg1 and parg2 knockout plants show accelerated onset of disease symptoms when infected with Botrytis cinerea. Cellular levels of ADP-Rib polymer increase after infection with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 avrRpt2+, and pathogen-dependent changes in the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of discrete proteins were also observed. We conclude that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a functional component in plant responses to biotic stress.
Aspirin‐triggered lipoxin in patients treated with aspirin and selectivevs.nonselective COX‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Renda Giulia , Zurro Maria , Romano Mario , De Caterina Raffaele 
Published: November 2009

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Previous data have suggested that selective cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitors enhance aspirin‐induced gastrotoxicity through the suppression of a protective lipoxygenase metabolite, called aspirin‐triggered lipoxin (ATL).WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• Neither the selective COX‐2 inhibitor celecoxib nor the nonselective inhibitor ibuprofen appreciably interfered with ATL urinary excretion in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, suggesting that this mediator is not involved in the exacerbation of aspirin‐induced gastrotoxicity by COX‐2 inhibitors.AIMSCyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibition has been reported to suppress the biosynthesis of the gastroprotective lipoxygenase metabolite 15(R)‐epi‐lipoxin A4, also termed ‘aspirin‐triggered lipoxin’ (ATL). We tested the hypothesis that the co‐administration of aspirin with either the selective COX‐2 inhibitor celecoxib or the nonselective COX inhibitor ibuprofen reduces ATL biosynthesis.METHODSWe measured the urinary excretion of ATL in 24 patients with both ischaemic heart disease and osteoarthritis, chronically treated with aspirin and co‐administered celecoxib 200 mg b.i.d., ibuprofen 600 mg t.i.d., or placebo for 7 days.RESULTSBaseline ATL was comparable in the three groups. On days 1 and 7, 4 h after co‐administration of celecoxib or ibuprofen, ATL levels did not show significant variations (day 1: 0.24 ± 0.33, 0.26 ± 0.21 and 0.37 ± 0.22 ng mg−1creatinine, respectively; day 7: 0.21 ± 0.13, 0.35 ± 0.15 and 0.23 ± 0.18 ng mg−1creatinine, respectively).CONCLUSIONSNeither selective nor nonselective COX‐2 inhibition appreciably interferes with ATL biosynthesis, suggesting that this mediator is not involved in exacerbating gastrotoxicity by the association of aspirin with COX‐2 inhibitors.
Cold gas and young stars in tidally disturbed ellipticals at z = 0
Authors: Serra P. , Oosterloo T. A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
We present an analysis of the neutral hydrogen and stellar populations of elliptical galaxies in the Tal et al. sample. Our aim is to test their conclusion that the continuing assembly of these galaxies at z ∼ 0 is essentially gas free and not accompanied by significant star formation. In order to do so, we make use of H i data and line-strength indices available in the literature. We look for direct and indirect evidence of the presence of cold gas during the recent assembly of these objects and analyse its relation to galaxy morphological fine structure.
We find that ≥25 per cent of ellipticals contain H i at the level of M(H i) &gt; 108 M⊙, and that M(H i) is of the order of a few per cent of the total stellar mass. Available data are insufficient to establish whether galaxies with a disturbed stellar morphology are more likely to contain H i. However, H i interferometry reveals very disturbed gas morphology/kinematics in all but one of the detected systems, confirming the continuing assembly of many ellipticals but also showing that this is not necessarily gas free. We also find that all very disturbed ellipticals have a single-stellar-population-equivalent age &lt;4 Gyr. We interpret this as evidence that ∼0.5–5 per cent of their stellar mass is contained in a young population formed during the past ∼1 Gyr. Overall, a large fraction of ellipticals seem to have continued their assembly over the past few Gyr in the presence of a mass of cold gas of the order of 10 per cent of the galaxy stellar mass. This material is now observable as neutral hydrogen and young stars.
Dentin strain induced by laser irradiation
Authors: Watanabe Satoshi , Saegusa Hidetoshi , Anjo Tomoo , Ebihara Arata , Kobayashi Chihiro , Suda Hideaki 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the strain and temperature change in dentin induced by laser irradiation of human root canals with or without water cooling. Twenty‐eight palatal roots of extracted human maxillary first molars were used. The strain in dentin was measured using strain gauges fixed on the apical third of the buccal root surface. The temperature change of the root dentin was monitored using thermocouples embedded into dentin near the apex. The root canal was irradiated with Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser at an output of 1 W (100 mJ, 10 pps) for 5 s. The tip of the irradiation fibre was located 2.0 mm from the root apex. With water cooling, the mean maximum strain induced by Er:YAG laser was significantly lower than that by Nd:YAG laser (P < 0.05). However, without water cooling, no significant difference between the two lasers (P > 0.05) was found. The results suggest that the strain induced by Er:YAG laser irradiation in dentin with water cooling may be minimal, but there still might be a risk of root micro‐fracture if cooling is not sufficient.
Yellow Fever Virus Exhibits Slower Evolutionary Dynamics than Dengue Virus
Authors: Sall Amadou A. , Faye Ousmane , Diallo Mawlouth , Firth Cadhla , Kitchen Andrew , Holmes Edward C. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT
Although yellow fever has historically been one of the most important viral infections of humans, relatively little is known about the evolutionary processes that shape its genetic diversity. Similarly, there is limited information on the molecular epidemiology of yellow fever virus (YFV) in Africa even though it most likely first emerged on this continent. Through an analysis of complete E gene sequences, including a newly acquired viral collection from Central and West Africa (Senegal, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Mauritania), we show that YFV exhibits markedly lower rates of evolutionary change than dengue virus, despite numerous biological similarities between these two viruses. From this observation, along with a lack of clock-like evolutionary behavior in YFV, we suggest that vertical transmission, itself characterized by lower replication rates, may play an important role in the evolution of YFV in its enzootic setting. Despite a reduced rate of nucleotide substitution, phylogenetic patterns and estimates of times to common ancestry in YFV still accord well with the dual histories of colonialism and the slave trade, with areas of sylvatic transmission (such as Kedougou, Senegal) acting as enzootic/epidemic foci.
Characterization of Lassa Virus Glycoprotein Oligomerization and Influence of Cholesterol on Virus Replication
Authors: Schlie Katrin , Maisa Anna , Lennartz Frank , Ströher Ute , Garten Wolfgang , Strecker Thomas 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT
Mature glycoprotein spikes are inserted in the Lassa virus envelope and consist of the distal subunit GP-1, the transmembrane-spanning subunit GP-2, and the signal peptide, which originate from the precursor glycoprotein pre-GP-C by proteolytic processing. In this study, we analyzed the oligomeric structure of the viral surface glycoprotein. Chemical cross-linking studies of mature glycoprotein spikes from purified virus revealed the formation of trimers. Interestingly, sucrose density gradient analysis of cellularly expressed glycoprotein showed that in contrast to trimeric mature glycoprotein complexes, the noncleaved glycoprotein forms monomers and oligomers spanning a wide size range, indicating that maturation cleavage of GP by the cellular subtilase SKI-1/S1P is critical for formation of the correct oligomeric state. To shed light on a potential relation between cholesterol and GP trimer stability, we performed cholesterol depletion experiments. Although depletion of cholesterol had no effect on trimerization of the glycoprotein spike complex, our studies revealed that the cholesterol content of the viral envelope is important for the infectivity of Lassa virus. Analyses of the distribution of viral proteins in cholesterol-rich detergent-resistant membrane areas showed that Lassa virus buds from membrane areas other than those responsible for impaired infectivity due to cholesterol depletion of lipid rafts. Thus, derivation of the viral envelope from cholesterol-rich membrane areas is not a prerequisite for the impact of cholesterol on virus infectivity.
Phase II Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Green Tea Extract in Patients with High-Risk Oral Premalignant Lesions
Authors: Tsao Anne S. , Liu Diane , Martin Jack , Tang Xi-ming , Lee J. Jack , El-Naggar Adel K. , Wistuba Ignacio , Culotta Kirk S. , Mao Li , Gillenwater Ann , Sagesaka Yuko M. , Hong Waun K. , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Epidemiologic and preclinical data support the oral cancer prevention potential of green tea extract (GTE). We randomly assigned patients with high-risk oral premalignant lesions (OPL) to receive GTE at 500, 750, or 1,000 mg/m2 or placebo thrice daily for 12 weeks, evaluating biomarkers in baseline and 12-week biopsies. The OPL clinical response rate was higher in all GTE arms (n = 28; 50%) versus placebo (n = 11; 18.2%; P = 0.09) but did not reach statistical significance. However, the two higher-dose GTE arms [58.8% (750 and 1,000 mg/m2), 36.4% (500 mg/m2), and 18.2% (placebo); P = 0.03] had higher responses, suggesting a dose-response effect. GTE treatment also improved histology (21.4% versus 9.1%; P = 0.65), although not statistically significant. GTE was well tolerated, although higher doses increased insomnia/nervousness but produced no grade 4 toxicity. Higher mean baseline stromal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) correlated with a clinical (P = 0.04) but not histologic response. Baseline scores of other biomarkers (epithelial VEGF, p53, Ki-67, cyclin D1, and p16 promoter methylation) were not associated with a response or survival. Baseline p16 promoter methylation (n = 5) was associated with a shorter cancer-free survival. Stromal VEGF and cyclin D1 expression were downregulated in clinically responsive GTE patients and upregulated in nonresponsive patients at 12 weeks (versus at baseline). An extended (median, 27.5 months) follow-up showed a median time to oral cancer of 46.4 months. GTE may suppress OPLs, in part through reducing angiogenic stimulus (stromal VEGF). Higher doses of GTE may improve short-term (12-week) OPL outcome. The present results support longer-term clinical testing of GTE for oral cancer prevention.
The Preposition, the Verb and the "Scoffers" in Proverbs 1:22
Authors: Zabán Bálint Károly 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIt is argued that the preposition in Prov 1:22b is employed as a dativus commodi, as opposed to earlier assumptions that it is a dativus ethicus. The employment of the preposition in Prov 1:22 as a dativus commodi in a construction with the verb, "to desire," implies an ironic criticism of the negative attitude of the "scoffers" towards Wisdom's call and of their revelling delight in their scoffing.
Global and Regional Climate Response to Late Twentieth-Century Warming over the Indian Ocean
Authors: Luffman James J. , Taschetto Andréa S. , England Matthew H. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The global and regional climate response to a warming of the Indian Ocean is examined in an ensemble of atmospheric general circulation model experiments. The most marked changes occur over the Indian Ocean, where the increase in tropical SST is found to drive enhanced convection throughout the troposphere. In the extratropics, the warming Indian Ocean is found to induce a significant trend toward the positive phase of the northern annular mode and also to enhance the Southern Hemisphere storm track over Indian Ocean longitudes as a result of stronger meridional temperature gradients. Convective outflow in the upper levels over the warming Indian Ocean leads to a trend in subsidence over the Indian and Asian monsoon regions extending southeastward to Indonesia, the eastern Pacific, and northern Australia. Regional changes in Australia reveal that this anomalous zone of subsidence induces a drying trend in the northern regions of the continent. The long-term rainfall trend is exacerbated over northeastern Australia by the anomalous anticyclonic circulation, which leads to an offshore trend in near-surface winds. The confluence of these two factors leads to a drying signal over northeastern Australia, which is detectable during austral autumn. The rapid, late twentieth-century warming of the Indian Ocean may have contributed to a component of the observed drying trend over northeastern Australia in this season via modifications to the vertical structure of the tropical wind field.
Nadir Correction of AIRS Radiances
Authors: Teo Chee-Kiat , Koh Tieh-Yong 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
A statistical method to correct for the limb effect in off-nadir Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) channel radiances is described, using the channel radiance itself and principal components (PCs) of the other channel radiances to account for the multicollinearity. A method of selecting an optimal set of predictors is proposed and demonstrated for one- and two-PC predictors. Validation results with a subset of AIRS channels in the spectral region 649–2664 cm−1 show that the mean nadir-corrected brightness temperature (BT) is largely independent of scan angle. More than 66% of the channels have a root-mean-square (rms) bias less than 0.10 K after nadir correction. Limb effect on the standard deviation (SD) of BT is discernible at larger scan angles, mainly for the atmospheric windows and the water vapor channels around 6.7 μm. After nadir correction, nearly all atmospheric window channels unaffected by solar glint and more than 76% of water vapor channels examined have BT SDs brought closer to nadir values. For the window channels affected by solar glint (wavenumber &gt; 2490 cm−1), BT SDs at the scan angles with the strongest impact from solar reflection were improved on average by more than 0.6 K after nadir correction.
RNA folding on the 3D triangular lattice
Authors: Gillespie Joel , Mayne Martin , Jiang Minghui 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Background
Difficult problems in structural bioinformatics are often studied in simple exact models to gain insights and to derive general principles. Protein folding, for example, has long been studied in the lattice model. Recently, researchers have also begun to apply the lattice model to the study of RNA folding.

Results
We present a novel method for predicting RNA secondary structures with pseudoknots: first simulate the folding dynamics of the RNA sequence on the 3D triangular lattice, next extract and select a set of disjoint base pairs from the best lattice conformation found by the folding simulation. Experiments on sequences from PseudoBase show that our prediction method outperforms the HotKnot algorithm of Ren, Rastegari, Condon and Hoos, a leading method for RNA pseudoknot prediction. Our method for RNA secondary structure prediction can be adapted into an efficient reconstruction method that, given an RNA sequence and an associated secondary structure, finds a conformation of the sequence on the 3D triangular lattice that realizes the base pairs in the secondary structure. We implemented a suite of computer programs for the simulation and visualization of RNA folding on the 3D triangular lattice. These programs come with detailed documentation and are accessible from the companion website of this paper at http://www.cs.usu.edu/~mjiang/rna/DeltaIS/.

Conclusion
Folding simulation on the 3D triangular lattice is effective method for RNA secondary structure prediction and lattice conformation reconstruction. The visualization software for the lattice conformations of RNA structures is a valuable tool for the study of RNA folding and is a great pedagogic device.
Untreated depression in the community
Authors: Andrews Gavin , Titov Nickolai , Schwencke Genevieve 
Published: November 2009

Aims and MethodReaching into the community to treat people with anxiety and depressive disorders raises the spectre of wrongful use of scarce resources at best, and of disease mongering at worst. We recruited for an internet-based treatment for social phobia.ResultsApplications were received from 789 people, and 205 were rejected because of severe depression or suicidal thoughts. Many were excluded because they had another disorder or were in treatment. Some dropped out, only 7 were subthreshold cases and 291 people with social phobia were treated.Clinical ImplicationsDespite easy access to clinicians, the burden of untreated serious mental disorder in the community remains considerable.
Global Goods Movement and the Local Burden of Childhood Asthma in Southern California
Authors: Perez Laura , Künzli Nino , Avol Ed , Hricko Andrea M. , Lurmann Fred , Nicholas Elisa , Gilliland Frank , Peters John , McConnell Rob 
Published: November 2009

Objectives. As part of a community-based participatory research effort, we estimated the preventable burden of childhood asthma associated with air pollution in the southern California communities of Long Beach and Riverside. Methods. We calculated attributable fractions for 2 air pollution reduction scenarios to include assessment of the newly recognized health effects associated with residential proximity to major roads and impact from ship emissions. Results. Approximately 1600 (9%) of all childhood asthma cases in Long Beach and 690 (6%) in Riverside were attributed to traffic proximity. Ship emissions accounted for 1400 (21%) bronchitis episodes and, in more modest proportions, health care visits for asthma. Considerably greater reductions in asthma morbidity could be obtained by reducing nitrogen dioxide and ozone concentrations to levels found in clean coastal communities. Conclusions. Both Long Beach and Riverside have heavy automobile traffic corridors as well as truck traffic and regional pollution originating in the Los Angeles–Long Beach port complex, the largest in the United States. Community-based quantitative risk analyses can improve our understanding of health problems and help promote public health in transportation planning.