bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students' and faculty's perception of academic integrity in Hong Kong
Authors: Kwong Theresa , Ng Hing‐Man , Mark Kai‐Pan , Wong Eva 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare students' and faculty members' perceptions of academic integrity; their understanding of experiences pertaining to different aspects of academic misconduct (e.g. plagiarism); and to examine the underlying reasons behind academic integrity violations in a Hong Kong context.Design/methodology/approachA mixed methods approach comprising quantitative and qualitative methodologies was used. First, a quantitative survey was conducted with students and faculty. Results from the survey were used to generate interview questions for an interview‐based qualitative study, which consisted of individual interviews for faculty members and focus group interview for students.FindingsResults from both the survey and interviews showed that faculty members and students do not share a consensus on the definition of the seriousness of plagiarism and collusion. Students, in general, commit misconduct due to academic work, pressure for grades, and teachers' unclear instructions of academic integrity. Faculty members rarely report cases of misconduct to the university and handle the cases according to their own standard.Originality/valueThe topic of academic integrity has received increased attention in the past decade from college and university teachers and administrators around the world. Plagiarism is amongst the most widely studied acts of dishonesty in the area of academic behavior in universities world‐wide. Not many studies have investigated other acts of academic dishonesty and teachers' perception of academic integrity, especially in the Chinese context. The findings from this study provide useful insights for educators to implement academic honesty education programs, especially within the Chinese context, and especially in Hong Kong. The results also provide the foundations in developing an online academic integrity tutorial for the sampled institution.
Performance management in primary healthcare services: evidence from a field study
Authors: Silva Paulino , Ferreira Aldónio 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThere is a growing interest in research focusing on performance management practices in the public sector, but research is still limited with regards to public primary healthcare services (PHSs), which play an important role in national healthcare systems. These organisations are frequently criticised for alleged poor performance management practices and misuse of resources, though such claims are not always substantiated. The purpose of this study is to examine performance management practices in public PHSs.Design/methodology/approachThree case studies of PHSs organisations were conducted resulting in interview material and archival data. Otley's performance management framework was used to examine the data.FindingsIt is found that the performance management systems of the studied PHSs were disjoint and lacked consistency and coherence. Lack of direction and motivational were key issues in PHSs. Furthermore, the observations indicate that vertical controls between PHSs and parent organisation were weak and accountability poor.Research limitations/implicationsGeneralisability of findings and social desirability bias are the important limitations. A key research implication is that the conceptual framework adopted can be meaningfully used to generate insights into performance management issues in public sector healthcare organisations.Practical implicationsThe study highlights the implications of the poor design and use of performance management systems and highlights areas for improvement in the organisations studied, and potentially across the sector.Originality/valueThis study is the first to draw upon Otley's performance management framework to examine performance management practices in PHSs and to demonstrate its usefulness in this context.
The role of outcome focus within subject positions tied to shareholder value
Authors: Chakhovich Terhi 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to elaborate on how subject positions promoting shareholder value are infused with an outcome focus.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs Foucault's perspectives on government and the interrelations between objectivity and subjectivity in the analysis of in‐depth case data gathered in one shareholder value‐oriented‐listed company and one non‐listed company.FindingsThe outside financial market discipline that objectifies shareholder value‐oriented company executives makes them subjects in their own organisation, allowing them to redirect discipline onwards and thereby objectify their subordinates. The non‐listed company executives, due to the relatively closed governance structure of their company and the lack of outside ownership, are not subject to such continuous outside discipline; they lack the same access to the means to create tangible outcomes within their organisations. The subject positions promoting shareholder value are focused on outcomes, whereas the non‐listed company subject positions are focused on processes.Research limitations/implicationsThe subject positions of actors within different types of non‐listed companies and listed companies without a shareholder focus form a target for future studies.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literatures on manager subject position formation and shareholder value. These contributions are achieved by uncovering a novel consequence of subject position formation and by revealing a mechanism by which outcome focus is tied with shareholder value.
The effect of building society demutualisation on levels of efficiency at large UK commercial banks
Authors: Webb Robert , Bryce Cormac , Watson Duncan 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the effect of UK building society demutualisation on levels of efficiency at the largest five commercial banks in the UK.Design/methodology/approachThis research utilises data envelopment analysis (DEA) within a rarely adopted windows framework to analyse efficiency. The study also incorporates a novel risk proxy in the profit‐orientated approach to determine DEA input/output which proves a useful innovation to the methodology.FindingsThe overall aggregate results suggest that converting building societies outperformed their bank counterparts in all areas of efficiency and that scale efficiency dominates pure technical efficiency. Interestingly, the results also indicate that the level at which institutions continue to find economies of scale had increased when compared to previous research.Originality/valueThe period of building society demutualisation offers an empirical opportunity to examine deregulation upon market participants. It is felt that this study offers academics, regulators and participants within the financial services environment an insight into the efficiency impact of deregulation.
Assessing effectiveness and compliance of banking boards
Authors: Carretta Alessandro , Farina Vincenzo , Schwizer Paola 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to develop a model to assess the effectiveness and compliance of bank boards, taking into account their unique characteristics, financial industry standards and regulations.Design/methodology/approachThe literature on the roles and effectiveness of boards and directors in the financial industry is reviewed.FindingsThe main finding in the literature suggests that evaluating the effectiveness of a board must include characteristics of the entire board as well as individual contributions of directors.Practical implicationsBanking boards, more than in the past, must proactively evaluate their effectiveness and compliance with existing rules.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a model for assessing the effectiveness and compliance of boards and directors of banking organizations, considering their characteristics, financial industry standards and regulations.
Shari'asupervision of Islamic financial institutions
Authors: Nathan Garas Samy , Pierce Chris 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe governance structure of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) implements Islamic canon law (Shari'a) into business transactions throughShari'asupervision processes. This paper aims to defineShari'asupervision and examineShari'asupervisory councils (both within and outside the Central Bank),Shari'aconsulting firms,Shari'aadvisors, andShari'aSupervisory Boards (SSB). It also discusses the importance of the hierarchical position of SSBs and evaluates their objectives and functions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews a wide range of theoretical literatures especially recent proceedings of relevant conferences in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries along with the standards of the Accounting and Auditing Organization of Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI). A framework for understanding the role of the SSB is developed suggesting a set of objectives and functions for the SSB.FindingsThe paper finds a lack of standardization among the IFIs concerning the position of the SSB within the corporate hierarchy. Moreover, the SSB is found to control the IFIs activities more than the other types ofShari'asupervision such asShari'aconsulting firms andShari'aadvisors.Research limitations/implicationsThe research focuses exclusively on the GCC countries and excludes the other Middle East and Far East countries whereShari'asupervision might have different forms.Social implicationsThe research provides guidelines for IFIs in defining the SSB role in their governance structure and recommends the SSB among the other forms ofShari'asupervision (Shari'aconsulting firms andShari'aadvisors) in controlling the IFIs activities.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature gap about the governance of IFIs. It is one of the first studies that provide a conceptual foundation for the SSB role in the governance structure of IFIs.
Understanding non‐work relationships in developmental networks
Authors: Marcinkus Murphy Wendy , Kram Kathy E. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the different contributions of work and non‐work relationships that comprise individuals' developmental networks to career success.Design/methodology/approachA multi‐method approach provides a rich understanding of how work and non‐work developmental relationships combine to support individuals' careers. Survey data were analyzed from 254 working adults who were also part‐time MBA students. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 37 participants.FindingsQuantitative results indicate that non‐work developers provide more overall support than work developers. Support from non‐work developers is positively associated with career satisfaction and life satisfaction. In contrast, support from work developers is positively associated with salary level and career satisfaction. Qualitative data indicate differences in the sub‐functions and quality of support offered by work versus non‐work relationships, particularly in terms of role modeling.Research limitations/implicationsDevelopmental relationships from different domains emphasize different sub‐functions of support and differentially affect career outcomes. While broad functions – career support, psychosocial support, and role modeling – are identifiable across domains, non‐work relationships provide some distinct sub‐functions from work relationships.Practical implicationsPracticing managers should develop and maintain developmental networks that extend beyond the boundaries of their current organization. Human resource professionals will want to consider how well their initiatives encourage individuals to enlist a variety of potential developers into their networks.Originality/valueThe findings indicate that non‐work relationships are a critical part of developmental networks and individuals' career success.
Career management tactical innovations and successful interorganizational transitions
Authors: Power Sally J. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the major variables that should be studied when exploring the relationship of innovations in career management tactics and successful or unsuccessful interorganizational transitions.Design/methodology/approachThis study takes a conceptual stance, using the careers and diffusion of innovation literature to identify the major variables.FindingsTwo innovations and two major refinements in career management tactics suggested by contemporary career concepts are identified, personal criteria for transition success are described, and likely barriers to accepting these tactical innovations are hypothesized. Other factors likely to affect transition success are also revealed by analyzing a conceptual model of interorganizational transition success.Originality/valueThe paper introduces the idea that the use of new career management tactics might be related to interorganizational transition success or the lack of it. It proposes one method of developing quantitative data about how personal career management may be changing, as well as providing normative data about perceptions of successful and unsuccessful interorganizational transitions. In addition, a survey based on these concepts would uncover the primary perceptual barriers to the adoption of the new career tactics by employees.
Restless and confused
Authors: Brotheridge Céleste M. , Lee Raymond T. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the nature of the emotions experienced by targets of bullying in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 180 employees in Canada took part in a cross‐sectional self‐report survey study.FindingsThe study found that, for men, in the presence of belittlement and work being undermined, verbal abuse was negatively associated with confusion, suggesting an active coping strategy. In contrast, for women, in the presence of belittlement and work being undermined, verbal abuse was positively associated with confusion, suggesting a passive coping strategy.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this study's cross‐sectional methodology provided a static snapshot of the emotions of bullying, it may be informative to capture emotions as they arise in response to specific episodes and forms of bullying as well as in response to repeated acts of bullying.Practical implicationsWorkers should be offered resources for understanding and coping constructively with their emotions, training in interpersonal sensitivity to become more aware of and responsive to others' feelings, and the opportunity to work in respectful workplace climates.Originality/valueSpecific emotions were examined that are associated with exposure to different forms of bullying, and the career‐related implications of these findings are discussed.
Regulatory focus at work
Authors: Brenninkmeijer Veerle , Demerouti Evangelia , le Blanc Pascale M. , Hetty van Emmerik I.J. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of regulatory focus in the job demands‐resources model.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was conducted among 146 teachers in secondary education. It was expected that detrimental effects of job demands (i.e. workload, interpersonal conflict) on emotional exhaustion would be more pronounced among individuals with a strong prevention focus (oriented towards safety and security). Favorable effects of job resources (i.e. autonomy, social support) on motivational outcomes were expected to be more pronounced among individuals with a strong promotion focus (oriented towards growth and development).FindingsThe hypotheses regarding the moderating role of prevention focus were confirmed, but the moderating effect of promotion focus appeared to be exactly opposite to expectations. The effect of job resources on motivational outcomes was more pronounced for individuals with a weak promotion focus.Originality/valueTo the best of one's knowledge, this is the first study to examine the role of regulatory focus in the job demands‐resources model. The study shows that regulatory focus is important in explaining individual responses to job demands and resources and may therefore be a relevant factor in career development.
Recasting public relations roles: agents of compliance, control or conscience
Authors: Sison Marianne D. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reconceptualize public relations roles, particularly the organizational conscience role, by examining practitioner involvement in organizational value setting.Design/methodology/approachAustralian communication practitioners were interviewed to ascertain practitioner involvement in organizational value setting. The interview results were subjected to a multiple perspective analysis, which was used to develop a new framework for public relations roles.FindingsThe research found that most respondents were involved in organizational value setting, albeit at the implementation stage. The results also showed the potential for practitioners to extend their involvement to a more leadership‐oriented critical inquiry role. Based on this analysis, this paper proposes three agency roles: agency of corporate compliance, agency of concertive control, and an agency of critical conscience.Research limitations/implicationsThe small sample of Australian respondents and the novel approach used to analyse public relations roles require further research. The results offer new ways for practitioners to enact the conscience role through dialectical inquiry.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for embedding dialectical inquiry in public relations roles, and for integrating leadership into the technician‐manager role typology.Originality/valueThe paper examines practitioner involvement in organizational value setting through a multiple perspective lens and introduces a new public relations roles framework.
What makes for trusting relationships in online communication?
Authors: Bekmeier‐Feuerhahn Sigrid , Eichenlaub Angelika 
Published: November 2010

PurposeTrust is an ability that characterises human beings as social creatures. It is becoming a key variable in a society strongly influenced by online communication, and in the important field of PR as well. The present study aims to investigate the possibilities of creating trust in online communication when face‐to‐face interaction, which is usually considered to be a crucial element of communication, is missing. This is an empirical study of the factors that promote or hinder the expectation of trust and the willingness to trust.Design/methodology/approachThe research question is derived from attribution theory and postulates that the assigning of an interlocutor's similarity to or dissimilarity oneself influences the development of trust. Since online communication is a purely verbal exchange, various language styles were experimentally tested to determine whether they would create in the receiver a perception of similarity to or dissimilarity from the sender of the message, so that the receiver would then attribute trustworthiness to the sender.FindingsThe study shows that similarity in language code preference creates the perception of personal similarity and influences the attribution of trustworthiness to the interlocutor.Research limitations/implicationsThe results are only relevant for the first stage in the process of building trust.Practical implicationsThe experimental results are useful in making an innovative contribution to the development of socio‐technical communication strategies in online communication and suggest further scientific research into the determining factors in online communication and their practical implementationOriginality/valueThe current study investigates a field that has been relatively unexamined until now. Its originality is in developing a hypothetical approach from attribution theory and in its experimental design.
The influence of organizational conditions on public relations practitioners' dissent
Authors: Kang Jin‐Ae , Berger Bruce K. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis study sets out to understand the extent to which public relations practitioners use dissent tactics in the face of organizational unethical decisions, and to examine how organizational environment facilitates such dissent.Design/methodology/approachA web‐based survey was conducted with the assistance of the research team of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA). A systematic random sample of 6,126 practitioners was drawn from the 2008 PRSA membership directory.FindingsThe results reaffirmed that “assertive confrontation” was the most frequently adopted tactic to resist an unethical organizational decision. Practitioners were more likely to confront management in an organization where top leaders do not support or exhibit ethical behavior. When an organization does not have an ethics code, practitioners were more likely to agitate others to oppose the unethical decision. Selective use of information and sabotage tactics were adopted when an organization does not value open communication.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited to practitioners in the USA, and the response rate was very low (4.02 percent).Originality/valueAs one of the grounding studies in public relations dissent, this research contributes to better understanding how public relations practitioners make an effort to promote organizational ethics by resisting unethical organizational decisions. The study also sheds light on the characteristics and nature of dissent in public relations, an important but little explored area in the field.
Macro social determinants of black police force size
Authors: Chamlin Mitchell B. , Sanders Beth A. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeConsistent with both conflict and economic theories of crime control, recent research indicates that there is a linear, positive association between the racial composition of cities and black employment as law enforcement officers. The purpose of this paper is to distinguish between these competing explanations for variations in the racial make‐up of police departments and examine the nonlinear effects of the relative population size of blacks on black police force size for a sample of US cities.Design/methodology/approachThe paper specifies and estimates four OLS regression equations to assess the linear and nonlinear effects of the percentage of blacks on black police force size for a sample of US cities.FindingsAs predicted by economic theory, the percentage of blacks exhibits a positive, nonlinear relationship with black police force size. Thus, it would appear that as their relative population size increases, blacks are able to translate their numerical advantage into pressure resources to secure coveted positions in law enforcement.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the demonstration of a significant, nonlinear relationship between the percentage of blacks and black police force size lends substantial credence to economic theory, it reveals nothing about the manner in which numerical advantage is converted into political clout and, ultimately, employment in law enforcement (or other municipal agencies). Clearly, if a better understanding this process us ti be gained, measures need to be identified and devised for the casual mechanisms that mediate the influence of the relative population size of blacks on black police force size.Originality/valueThis paper represents the first attempt to distinguish between economic and conflict explanations for variations in black police force size among municipalities.