bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Two Tandem Sequential Reactions Catalyzed by [Au], N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHC) and Organic Bases.
Authors: Adamo Mauro F. A. , Bellini Gea , Suresh Surisetti 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDepending on the base used, either chalcon derivatives (III) or alkenyl benzoic esters (IV) are formed by the title reaction of benzaldehydes with alkyne (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Tetrahydro[4,5]imidazo[2,1‐b]chromeno[4,3,2‐de]quinazoline and Benzothiazol‐2‐ylaminoxanthenone Derivatives.
Authors: Saeedi Mina , Beheshtiha Yahya S. , Heravi Majid M. , Oskooie Hossein A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDimedone (II) reacts with Schiff bases (I) and (IV) in the presence of sulfamic acid to provide the title compounds (III) and (V) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Nazarov Type Electrocyclization to Access [6,5,6] and [6,5,5] Core Embedded New Polycycles: An Easy Entry to Tetrahydrofluorene Scaffolds Related to Taiwaniaquinoids and C‐nor‐D Homosteroids.
Authors: Singh Ritesh , Panda Gautam 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe desired skeletons are obtained under catalysis of Sc(OTf)3.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorodifluoromethyl Aryl Ketones and Sulfones as Difluorocarbene Reagents: The Substituent Effect.
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhang Laijun , Zheng Ji , Hu Jinbo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChlorodifluoromethyl aryl ketones (II) and chlorodifluoromethyl aryl sulfones (IV) react as difluorocarbene reagents and can be used for O‐ and N‐difluoromethylations reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Cycloisomerizations of Nonclassical Carbocation Intermediates in Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Homo‐Rautenstrauch Cyclizations.
Authors: Wang Guan , Zou Yue , Li Zhiming , Wang Quanrui , Goeke Andreas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTreatment of propargylic esters of type (I) and (IV) with gold(I) catalysts results in unexpected rearrangement to cyclohexadiene derivatives like (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Silica‐Supported Boric Acid with Ionic Liquid: A Novel Recyclable Catalytic System for One‐Pot Three‐Component Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Sharma Upendra , Verma Praveen Kumar , Kumar Neeraj , Singh Bikram 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe solid‐supported boric acid along with the ionic liquid provide an excellent catalytic system for the Mannich reaction of aromatic aldehydes (I), cyclohexanone (II), and anilines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: MgI2 Etherate‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Allylation: A Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines.
Authors: Zhang Xingxian , Ye Saisai , Hu Shenghui 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMgI2·OEt2‐catalyzed three‐component one‐pot reaction of aldehydes, amines, and allyltributylstannane affords homoallylic amines (IV) (13 examples) in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Combined Carbometalation—Zinc Homologation—Allylation Reactions as a New Approach for Alkoxyallylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Mejuch Tom , Botoshansky Mark , Marek Ilan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe reaction tolerates aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and proceeds with good yields and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyfluorinated Cycloalkoxyphenyl Ether Systems (III) as Dopants for Liquid Crystal Display Applications
Authors: Cargill Matthew R. , Sandford Graham , Tomlinson David J. , Hollfelder Nadine , Pleis Frank , Nelles Gabriele , Kilickiran Pinar 
Published: November 2011

Abstractsynthesis and electro‐optical properties
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Radical Mediated Synthesis and Fluorescence Properties of Conjugated Polyene Ketones.
Authors: Zhang Xiangdong , Ye Junwei , Wang Suning , Gong Weitao , Lin Yuan , Ning Guiling 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDecatetraene diketone derivatives are prepared in a one‐step procedure from the phenyl‐substituted pyrylium perchlorates.
ChemInform Abstract: Retention of Regiochemistry and Chirality in the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Disubstituted Allylic Esters.
Authors: Kawatsura Motoi , Sato Michinobu , Tsuji Hiroaki , Ata Fumio , Itoh Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2011

AbstractUnsymmetrically substituted allylic esters and carbonates undergo alkylation with retention of regiochemistry and chirality.
ChemInform Abstract: C1‐Symmetric Rh/Phebox‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkynylation of α‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Ohshima Takashi , Kawabata Takahito , Takeuchi Yosuke , Kakinuma Takahiro , Iwasaki Takanori , Yonezawa Takayuki , Murakami Hajime , Nishiyama Hisao , Mashima Kazushi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe title complexes (I) and (II) catalyze the process with good yields (up to 95%) and enantioselectivities (up to 99% e.e.) under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)‐ and Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Cyclo‐ and Michael Addition Reactions of Unsaturated β‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Schotes Christoph , Mezzetti Antonio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe reactions allow convenient, inexpensive, and fast access to cyclohexene and cyclobutene derivatives as well as Michael adducts like (XI) and (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Insight into ortho‐(Dimesitylboryl)diphenylphosphines: Applications in Pd‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Couplings and Evidence for Secondary π‐Interaction.
Authors: Malacea Raluca , Saffon Nathalie , Gomez Montserrat , Bourissou Didier 
Published: November 2011

Abstractortho‐(Dimesitylboryl)diphenylphosphines are successfully applied in the Suzuki—Miyaura coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselectivity Switch in Cooperatively Catalyzed Three‐Component Reactions of an Aryldiazoacetate, an Alcohol, and a β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Keto Ester.
Authors: Ji Jingjing , Zhang Xia , Zhu Yingguang , Qian Yu , Zhou Jing , Yang Liping , Hu Wenhao 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn the presence of Rh2(OAc)4/AgBF4 the title reaction provides the erythro products with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Alkene Aminooxygenation: Effects of Substrate and Ligand Structure on Selectivity.
Authors: Paderes Monissa C. , Chemler Sherry R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe diastereoselective synthesis of disubstituted pyrrolidines and five‐membered cyclic ureas via intramolecular alkene aminooxygenation is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐(Aminomethylene)‐2‐oxoindolines by Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of 3‐Chloro‐2‐iodo‐N‐arylacrylamides with Amides or Amines.
Authors: Deng Guo‐Bo , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Song Ren‐Jie , Zhou Ming‐Bo , Wei Wen‐Ting , Xie Peng , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA new Pd‐catalyzed C—H bond activation‐annulation‐amination tandem method is presented for the synthesis of title compounds (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Novel Class of Rhodanine Derivatives as Potential HIV‐1 and JSP‐1 Inhibitors.
Authors: Kamila Sukanta , Ankati Haribabu , Biehl Edward R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe two‐step synthesis of the target compounds (V) involves the preparation of N‐substituted rhodanines (III) and their microwave‐assisted Knoevenagel condensation with aldehydes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Cyclization of 3‐Acyl‐2‐halo‐1‐[(ω‐phenylethynyl)alkyl]indoles to Azaheterocyclo[1,2,3‐lm]‐Fused Benzo[c]carbazoles.
Authors: Lu Shenci , Wang Ren , Yang Yi , Li Yang , Shi Zongjun , Zhang Wei , Tu Zhifeng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIrradiation of indoles of type (I) allows a new access to fused benzocarbazoles like (II) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazolium Ylides from a Conjugate Addition—Proton Transfer Route and Their Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Jones Raymond C. F. , Iley James N. , Sanchis‐Amat Maria , Zhang Xiaohui , McKee Vickie , Coles Simon J. , Gelbrich Thomas 
Published: November 2011

Abstract4,5‐Dihydroimidazolium ylides generated by conjugate addition‐proton transfer from dihydroimidazoles and double‐activated electron‐deficient alkenes afford 2 : 1 or 1 : 1 : 1 adducts in a one‐pot process.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Aryl‐N‐benzylbenzimidazoles and 2‐Arylbenzoxazoles via C—H Functionalization/C—N/C—O Bond Formation.
Authors: Guru Murali Mohan , Ali Md. Ashif , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTreatment of bisarylhydrazones and bisaryloxime ethers with Cu(OTf)2 provides an efficient and widely applicable approach to the title heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Oxidative C—H Amination of Benzoxazoles with Formamides or Secondary Amines under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Li Yaming , Xie Yusheng , Zhang Rong , Jin Kun , Wang Xiuna , Duan Chunying 
Published: November 2011

Abstract2‐Aminated benzothiazoles and oxazolopyridines are also available, but only in low to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal‐Free Amination of Benzoxazoles — The First Example of an Iodide‐Catalyzed Oxidative Amination of Heteroarenes.
Authors: Froehr Tanja , Sindlinger Christian P. , Kloeckner Ulrich , Finkbeiner Peter , Nachtsheim Boris J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTwo complimentary methods for the TBAI‐catalyzed oxidative amination of benzoxazoles are developed applying H2O2 or tBuOOH as oxidants.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Arylseleno‐1,2,5‐triazoles via Copper‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azido Arylselenides with Alkynes.
Authors: Deobald Anna M. , Camargo Leandro R. S. , Hoerner Manfredo , Rodrigues Oscar E. D. , Alves Diego , Braga Antonio L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of various azides and bis‐azides of type (XVI) is described and their utility is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Allyl‐/Crotylboration‐Prins Cyclization of Aldehydes.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Gagare Pravin D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA convenient procedure is developed for the synthesis of substituted tetrahydropyrans including unsymmetrically substituted cross‐Prins products (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Photochromic Properties of Novel Naphthopyrans with Hydrazone Unit Residue.
Authors: Pang Meili , Cheng Hongbo , Niu Yanxia , Hu Qiaoju , Han Jie , Meng Jiben 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAll new compounds (I) possess good photochromic properties and high fatigue resistance.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Green Procedure for Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene‐11‐one Catalyzed by Broensted Ionic Liquids under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Zakeri Masoumeh , Heravi Majid M. , Saeedi Mina , Karimi Narges , Oskooie Hossein A. , Tavakoli‐Hoseini Niloofar 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe applied catalyst can be recycled and reused several times.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis and Antitubercular Evaluation of Novel Aryl and Heteroaryl Tethered Pyridines and Dihydro‐6H‐quinolin‐5‐ones Derived via Variants of the Bohlmann—Rahtz Reaction.
Authors: Kantevari Srinivas , Patpi Santhosh Reddy , Addla Dinesh , Putapatri Siddamal Reddy , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Yogeeswari Perumal , Sriram Dharmarajan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTitle compounds are regioselectively synthesized under modified Bohlmann—Rahtz conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Aminohydropyridines and 2‐Pyridinones via Domino Reactions of Arylamines, Methyl Propiolate, Aromatic Aldehydes, and Substituted Acetonitriles.
Authors: Sun Jing , Sun Yan , Xia Er‐Yan , Yan Chao‐Guo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFunctionalized 2‐amino‐hydropyridines (V)/(VII)/(IX) are exclusively obtained by reaction of arylamines (I), methyl propiolate (II), aromatic aldehydes (III) with malononitrile (IV) and cyanoacetamide (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Functionalized Pyridine Derivatives Using Wells—Dawson Heteropolyacid as Catalyst.
Authors: Sanchez Laura M. , Sathicq Angel G. , Jios Jorge L. , Baronetti Graciela T. , Thomas Horacio J. , Romanelli Gustavo P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe condensation of 3‐formylchromones, β‐ketoesters, and ammonium acetate under conditions A) gives highly functionalized pyridines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Furoquinolines Bearing an External Methylene‐Bond: Access to Reduced and Spirocyclic Structures.
Authors: Bantreil Xavier , Vaxelaire Carine , Godet Thomas , Parker Evelyne , Sauer Carole , Belmont Philippe 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA previously reported tandem acetalization/cycloisomerization process catalyzed by polymeric silver imidazolide is extended to a variety of alcohols to give furoquinolines (III) and (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Peroxylactones Using Mn(III)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation.
Authors: Haque Md. Aminul , Nishino Hiroshi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe reaction of tetronic acid (I) with disubstituted alkenes (II) in the presence of air affords the corresponding hydroperoxyethyl‐peroxylactones or an equilibrium mixture of these compounds with the corresponding bishydroxyperoxide in moderate to good yields, whereas a similar reaction using 3‐alkyl‐substituted tetronic acids (X) provides the stable crystalline peroxylactones (XI) in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrimidine‐Annulated Spiro‐dihydrofurans by Silver‐Catalyzed 5‐endo‐dig Cyclization.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Ganai Sintu , Nandi Raj Kumar 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe nature of the substituents at the terminal alkyne moiety dictates the mode of cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: CuBr Catalyzed C—N Cross Coupling Reaction of Purines and Diaryliodonium Salts to 9‐Arylpurines.
Authors: Niu Hong‐Ying , Xia Chao , Qu Gui‐Rong , Zhang Qian , Jiang Yi , Mao Run‐Ze , Li De‐Yang , Guo Hai‐Ming 
Published: November 2011

AbstractN‐Arylation of purines proceeds smoothly with diaryliodonium halides in the presence of CuBr catalyst to give 9‐arylpurines (III) and (V) in moderate to excellent yields in short reaction times (2.5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Triazafluoranthenones via Silver(I)‐Mediated Nonoxidative and Oxidative Intramolecular Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclizations.
Authors: Koutentis Panayiotis A. , Loizou Georgia , Lo Re Daniele 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe triazafluoranthenones (II) are new compounds of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrido‐ and Quino‐1,2,4‐thiadiazine S,S‐Dioxides from Reactions of 4‐Chloro‐3‐pyridinesulfonyl‐ and 4‐Chloro‐3‐quinolinesulfonyl Chlorides with O‐Methylisourea.
Authors: Chrobak Elwira , Wleklinski Michal , Maslankiewicz Andrzej , Kusz Joachim , Zubko Maciej , Michalik Ewa 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA two‐step process consisting of the reaction of methylisourea (II) with chloropyridine‐and (quinoline)sulfonyl chlorides and subsequent cyclization of the methylsulfonylisoureas provides the title pyrido‐ and quinothiadiazine S,S‐dioxides, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Keto‐anti‐1,3‐diols by Chemoselective Tandem Oxidation of 2‐B(pin)‐Substituted Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Hussain Mahmud M. , Hernandez Toribio Jorge , Carroll Patrick J. , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe VO(acac)2‐catalyzed oxidations proceed under neutral conditions with excellent diastereoselectivity to give the epoxides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Drimane Sesquiterpenoids from the Mangrove‐Derived Fungus Aspergillus ustus.
Authors: Zhou Huinan , Zhu Tianjiao , Cai Shengxin , Gu Qianqun , Li Dehai 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe new compounds (I)‐(V) and 14 known analogues are screened for their antitumor activity against P388, HL‐60, K562, and BEL‐7402 cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of α‐Amino‐α′‐alkoxy Ketones by a Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Peptidic Thiol Esters and α‐Alkoxyalkylstannanes.
Authors: Li Hao , He Anyu , Falck John R. , Liebeskind Lanny S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe method is limited to the pyrrolidinylthionocarbamoyl‐protected stannanes of type (I) and (VI) and proceeds with complete retention of configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Dihydrooxazine and Oxazoline Based Sugar Hybrids from Sugar Azides.
Authors: Kurhade Suresh E. , Ravula Sudhir , Siddaiah V. , Bhuniya Debnath , Reddy D. Srinivasa 
Published: November 2011

AbstractReaction of sugar azides with aldehydes offers a direct access to the target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Biologically Active (‐)‐Dehydroiso‐β‐lapachone and the Determination of Its Absolute Configuration.
Authors: Kimachi Tetsutaro , Torii Eri , Kobayashi Yusuke , Doe Misae , Ju‐Ichi Motoharu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe title compound (I) can be synthesized starting from commercially available 2‐methoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone.
ChemInform Abstract: Higher Aldulosonic Acids: Components of Bacterial Glycans
Authors: Knirel Yuriy A. , Shevelev Sergei D. , Perepelov Andrei V. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractReview: recent data on natural occurrence, chemistry and biochemistry of C8‐ and C9‐aldulosonic acids as well as structure and biological significance of bacterial glycans containing these monosaccharides; 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic H2 and Added‐Value By‐Products — The Role of Metal Oxide Systems in Their Synthesis from Oxygenates
Authors: Cargnello Matteo , Gasparotto Alberto , Gombac Valentina , Montini Tiziano , Barreca Davide , Fornasiero Paolo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractReview: 125 refs.
Changes in Fluorescent Emission Due to Non‐covalent Interactions as a General Detection Procedure for Thin‐Layer Chromatography
Authors: Cebolla Vicente L. , Mateos Elena , Garriga Rosa , Jarne Carmen , Membrado Luis , Cossío Fernando P. , Gálvez Eva M. , Matt Muriel , Delgado‐Camón Arantzazu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChanges in fluorescence emission due to non‐covalent analyte–fluorophore interactions in silica gel plates are studied and used as a general detection procedure for thin‐layer chromatography (TLC). The presence of the analyte modifies the microenvironment of the fluorophore and thus changes the balance between radiative (kr) and non‐radiative (knr) emission constants. A model is proposed for analyte–fluorophore induced electrostatic interactions, which depend on analyte polarizability and are responsible for fluorescence enhancements. As consequence of these induced interactions, the analyte creates an apolar environment that prevents non‐fluorescent decay mechanisms, decreasing knr. On the other hand, the effect of an increase in refractive index on kr is investigated, as it contributes to some extent to fluorescence enhancements in silica gel medium. Changes in fluorescence emission should be regarded as a general property of fluorophores in the presence of analytes, and criteria that fluorophores should meet to be used as sensitive TLC probes are discussed here.
Theoretical Study of the Raman Optical Activity Spectra of 310‐Helical Polypeptides
Authors: Jacob Christoph R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRaman optical activity (ROA) spectroscopy is a promising analytical method for studying the structure and conformation of polypeptides and proteins in solution. However, the structural information obtained from such vibrational spectra is only indirect and theoretical studies are often necessary to identify how the structure determines the observed spectra. One particular target is the identification and discrimination of different helical secondary structure elements. Herein, a theoretical investigation of the ROA spectra of a series of 310‐helical polypeptides is presented. In particular, the effect of chain length, Cα‐substitution pattern, the introduction of larger aliphatic side chains, and the variation of their conformation on the ROA spectra is studied. To extract general principles from these calculations, the positions, intensities, and shapes of the ROA bands are analyzed in terms of localized modes, which makes it possible to identify possible ROA signatures of 310‐helical structures, but also provides fundamental insight into the generation of ROA signals in complex polypeptides. Finally, the calculated spectra can be compared to the previously reported ROA spectrum of a specifically designed 310‐helical heptapeptide. This allows most of the features in the experimental spectrum to be assigned.
Analysis and design of a push–pull DCM boost power factor corrector
Authors: Lo Yu‐Kang , Lin Jing‐Yuan , Lin Chung‐Yi , Cheng Shih‐Jen , Chiu Huang‐Jen 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYA novel power factor corrector (PFC) composed of two‐phase discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) boost PFCs and a coupled inductor is proposed in this paper. By coupling the two‐phase boost inductors into the same magnetic core, both the circuit volume and the input ripple current are reduced. Therefore, the power factor (PF) value and the power density are improved. In addition, the output capacitor size can be smaller. The proposed topology distributes the input current and output current equally for the two phase modules. A cut‐in‐half duty cycle can decrease the conduction losses of the switches, and both the turns and diameters of the inductor windings, which help more in the reduction of the circuit volume. The advantages of a DCM boost PFC, such as natural zero‐current‐switching (ZCS) of the output diode, a natural PFC function and the simplified EMI filter design, are maintained. Detailed analysis and design of the proposed topology and the experimental results on a prototype with a 380‐V output voltage and a 200‐W output power are provided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of a preamble signal for synchronization in ultra‐wideband noncoherent energy detection receivers
Authors: Jung Sung‐Yoon 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYWe present an effective preamble design scheme that can improve synchronization performance in ultra‐wideband noncoherent energy detection receivers. Focusing on the effect of the nonuniform energy allocation of a preamble in energy detection‐based synchronization, we propose a preamble energy allocation scheme. This scheme determines the energy distribution of a preamble by using a constrained optimization method. Through the proposed scheme, we promise that we can provide a generalized solution to design preambles for energy detection‐based synchronization, in that it is possible to design the power distribution of preamble pattern in various shapes according to the system's specification. In addition, we also suggest two preamble design scheme that finally decides the practical shape of a preamble from the determined energy distribution of a preamble. By providing preamble design examples, we show that preambles based on nonuniform energy distribution provide improved synchronization performance without any additional increase in receiver complexity in ultra‐wideband channel environments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.