bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light refraction in the Swiss-cheese model
Authors: Csapó Adelinda , Bene Gyula 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
We investigate light propagation in the Swiss-cheese model. On both sides of Swiss-cheese sphere surfaces, observers resting in the flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) space and the Schwarzschild space respectively, see the same light ray enclosing different angles with the normal. We examine light refraction at each crossing of the boundary surfaces, showing that the angle of refraction is larger than the angle of incidence for both directions of the light.
Scaling properties and charge dependence of particle ratio fluctuations at RHIC
Authors: Wang Hui 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
It has been suggested that the existence of a QCD phase transition would cause an increase and divergence of fluctuations. Thus event-by-event particle ratio fluctuations could be used to study strangeness and baryon number fluctuations near the critical point in the QCD phase diagram. In this paper, we present dynamical K/π, p/π, and K/p ratio fluctuations from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN} } $ = 7.7 to 200 GeV. Charge dependent results as well as multiplicity scaling properties of these fluctuation results are discussed. The STAR data are compared to different theoretical model predictions and previous experimental results.
Near-infrared imaging for quantitative analysis of active component in counterfeit dimethomorph using partial least squares regression
Authors: Huang Yue , Min Shun-Geng , Cao Jin-Li , Ye Sheng-Feng , Duan Jia 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNear-infrared (NIR) imaging systems simultaneously record spectral and spatial information. Near-infrared imaging was applied to the identification of (E,Z)-4-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acryloyl)morpholine (dimethomorph) in both mixed samples and commercial formulation in this study. The distributions of technical dimethomorph and additive in the heterogeneous counterfeit product were obtained by the relationship imaging (RI) mode. Furthermore, a series of samples which consisted of different contents of uniformly distributed dimethomorph were prepared and three data cubes were generated for each content. The spectra extracted from these images were imported to establish the partial least squares model. The model’s evaluating indicators were: coefficient of determination (R 2) 99.42 %, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) 0.02612, root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) 0.01693, RMSECVmean 0.03577, relative standard error of prediction (RSEP) 0.01999, and residual predictive deviation (RPD) 15.14. Relative error of prediction of the commercial formulation was 0.077, indicating the predicted value correlated with the real content. The chemical value reconstruction image of dimethomorph formulation products was calculated by a MATLAB program. NIR microscopy imaging here manifests its potential in identifying the active component in the counterfeit pesticide and quantifying the active component in its scanned image.
Substituted homoallenyl aldehydes and their derivatives. Part 1: Homoallenyl aldehydes and protected hydrazones
Authors: Galeta Juraj , Man Stanislav , Potáček Milan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe paper presents a simple synthesis of substituted propargyl vinyl ethers and their subsequent thermally-initiated Claisen rearrangement leading to various 3-substituted homoallenyl aldehydes. Several methods, including Sonogashira coupling, base-promoted substitution on the triple bond by sodium amide or butyllithium, and the preparation of substituted propargyl alcohols, were used in the initial step. Phosphate-protected homoallenyl aldehyde hydrazone derivatives were synthesised and fully characterised. The stereochemistry of 9-anthracene carbaldehyde hydrazone, which, surprisingly, afforded both cis and trans isomers, was established using X-ray analysis.
Formation of membranes based on polyacrylonitrile and butadiene-acrylonitrile elastomer in the presence of copper ions
Authors: Petrov Petrov Stoiko , Pencheva Miteva Milena 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe presented study provides a possibility to create ultrafiltration (UF), polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/butadiene-acrylonitrile elastomer (BNR)/N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) membranes. Influence of different concentrations of the elastomer on the formation of a more porous structure was studied and compared with that observed using membranes made of polyacrylonitrile. Specific influence of copper ions in a solution of polymers on the formation of an asymmetric selective layer was also monitored. The study was conducted to prepare membranes with high efficiency in emulsion and colloidal systems separation.
Thiophenium-ylides: Synthesis and reactivity
Authors: Machara Aleš , Svoboda Jiří 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe reaction of propanedioic acid, 2-diazo-1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester (di-tert-butyl diazomalonate) with a series of cyclopenta[b]thiophenes in the presence of catalytic rhodium acetate was studied. The resulting S—C ylides underwent a rearrangement to form a heterocycle with different topology; thialene, in very low yields. Experimental and spectral data for all compounds are provided.
Educators' Professional and Personal Growth: A Case Study of European Teachers' In-Service Training Courses
Authors: Salomäki Ulla , Ruokonen Inkeri , Ruismäki Heikki 
Published: July 2012

Educators' Professional and Personal Growth: A Case Study of European Teachers' In-Service Training CoursesIn this paper, we consider the development of teachers' emotional skills by using arts and skills. In the theoretical background, we focus on the modern theories of motivation, learning and school culture and on cultural theories (Sapher & King, 1985) of school environments and views of learning. The main problem is to determine which skills the teachers can achieve during intensive training of emotional skills and arts. In the paper, we have used the course evaluations and post-evaluation material from one of the Comenius courses held in Cyprus in October 2008. The findings show that, in spite of the school culture, all the methods for teaching emotional skills can also be used for the personal and professional growth of teachers. Teachers' well-being and a positive school environment are essential in sustainable development and education.
Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers' Knowledge of Appropriate Instructional Practices in Secondary School Physical Education
Authors: Barney David , Christenson Robert , Pleban Frank 
Published: July 2012

Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers' Knowledge of Appropriate Instructional Practices in Secondary School Physical EducationSecondary school can serve as a time for youth to prepare themselves for the ‘real world’, and physical education can play an important role in this preparation. Yet in the past, secondary school physical education has not been very effective in preparing youth for life after secondary school. One area to help improve secondary school physical education is in the preparation of pre-service physical education teachers. It is during the preparation of pre-service physical education teachers that they will be taught and trained regarding appropriate instructional practices in secondary school physical education. The National Association of Sport and Physical Education created a document regarding appropriate educational practices in secondary school physical education. For this study, a survey was adapted from the National Association of Sport and Physical Education appropriate instructional practice document. Three hundred and thirteen pre-service physical education teachers from seven institutions of higher education throughout the United States were surveyed regarding their knowledge of appropriate instructional practices in secondary school physical education. It was found that pre-service physical education teachers inappropriately answered six of the 18 survey statements (33%) regarding appropriate instructional practices in secondary school physical education. When pre-service physical education teachers graduate and expose secondary school pupils to appropriate practices, there is a better chance the pupils will be prepared for the ‘real world’.
The Praxis of Mentoring: Power, Organising and Emancipation
Authors: Lea YiShan 
Published: July 2012

The Praxis of Mentoring: Power, Organising and EmancipationThe purpose of this article is twofold: first, to juxtapose the praxis of mentoring with its domination and, second, to examine the praxis of mentoring. The rationale of the inquiry is based on social reconstructivist principles, recognising that relational structures and human experiences are both productive and reproductive in nature and in effect. The inquiry has pedagogical implications for institutional practices in education and political implications for individual voluntary versus institutional organising. It is potentially counter-hegemonic against the discourse of globalisation inevitability. Overall, the paper investigates the development and socialisation of human agency in institutional and social associations in which the praxis of mentoring intervenes.
Surgical Approaches and Postoperative Complcations of Parapharyngeal Space Tumours
Authors: Ivanova Anna , Tars Juris , Groma Valerija 
Published: July 2012

SummaryIntroduction.Parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors are rare neoplasms that are greatly varying both clinically and morphologically. Complete tumor removal from the PPS requires an integrated approach to resection of nervous and vascular trunks and hemorrhage control.Aim of the Study.This study aimed evaluation of surgical interventions applied for PPS neoplasms along with revision of postoperative complications noticed conducting these surgeries.Material and Methods.32 PPS tumors removed during surgeries as well as associated biopsies performed at Riga East University Hospital Oncology Center of Latvia at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery from 01.01.2001 till 31.12.2006 were included in this study.Results.The largest number of patients presented with benign salivary gland tumors 22 (68.7%), followed by malignant salivary gland neoplasms 5 (18.5%), neurogenic tumors 4 (12.5%), and miscellaneous tumors 1 (0.3%). Postoperative complications for malignant salivary gland surgeries occurred at the highest rate (42%), whereas, for benign - at the lowest (5%). Transcervical - submandibular, transparotid, and transoral approach was used in 56, 25, and 1% of surgeries, accordingly, whereas, mandibulotomy applied in 17%. “First bite syndrome” was noticed in 30% of the cases, cranial nerve palsies - in 20%, temporary, permanent facial nerve and accessorial nerve injury in 4, 1 and 15% of surgical interventions, accordingly. Vascular trunks damage occurred at 9%, and, mostly, for poststyloid lesions.Conclusions.Heterogeneous PPS tumors show a wide spectrum of postoperative complications and require a selective approach for optimization of surgical intervention and treatment strategy.
The Management of Extensive Bone Loss in Primary and Revision Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Zebolds Silvestris , Goncars Valdis , Zommers Ints , Kalnberzs Konstantins 
Published: July 2012

SummaryIntroduction.Total knee replacement (TKR) is still a challenging procedure for severe gonarthrosis patients. Deformities of knee joint (varus, valgus - more than 30 degrees), insufficiency of collateral ligaments and extensive bone loss could be a difficult problem to solve with standard knee endoprosthesis. Also in cases of revision - TKR the restoration of bone loss and regaining of stability of the joint could be a problem.Aim of the Study.The aim of our study was to analyse the results with Rotating - Hinge prosthesis after severe primary and revision TKR.Materials and Methods.34 patients (27 female, 7 male) were treated with Rotating - Hinge prosthesis during 12 years (first in 1997). Mean age of patients were 69 years. 17 operations were primary total knee arthroplasties and also 17 were revisions of the knee prosthesis. The Oxford Knee score was used for evaluation of patients satisfaction rate. The Knee Society Score was used to get objective functional results. For radiological analysis X-rays of knee joint in two projections were performed.Results.34 Oxford Knee score questionnaires were sent to patients, response we got from 27 patients (79%). Mean result from Oxford Knee score was 32 which is good. The same number of patients (34) were invited for examination using Knee Society score. The response were from 20 patients (59%). Mean result from Knee Society score was 83, which means excellent.Conclusions.Rotating-Hinge prosthesis allows to achieve good and excellent functional results and high patients satisfaction rate after severe primary and revision TKR. The biological age, general health condition, insufficiency of ligaments and previous infection in patients history have to be considered for choosing the tactics for each case.
Radiodensitometric Analysis of Maxillary Sinus-Lift Areas Enforced with Bone Substitute Materials Containing Calcium Phophate
Authors: Neimane Laura , Skagers Andrejs , Salms Girts , Berzina-Cimdina Liga 
Published: July 2012

SummaryIntroduction. An enforcement of atrophic maxilla with biomaterials during sinus-lift surgery improves size and quality of alveolar bone. Radiological densitometric analysis can prove it. Within the study a density of bone was investigated and findings were compared with natural bone around the implants.Aim of the Study.Was to determine if density around the implant inserted with one stage sinus-lift operation using bone substitute materials increase and if that can be detected radiologically.Materials and Methods.Totally there were examined 22 patients where 64 implants were inserted in maxilla: 48 implants were inserted with one stage sinus-lift operation using bone substitute materials; represented study group. Sixteen implants were inserted in natural maxillary alveolar bone of the same patients, representing control group. The density of implant supporting tissue was measured with cone beam computed tomography and expressed in Hounsfield units (HU). The measurements were performed according to standardized pattern.Results.Densitometric measurements were higher in the study group than in the control group in all points, but statistically significant difference was observed in two measurement sites: buccally in sinus elevation area (BSM) (p=0.005) and palatinally in sinus elevation area (PSM) (p=0.0012), and corresponding areas in control group.Conclusions.Surgical elevation of maxillary sinus floor using calcium phosphate bone substitute materials resulted in higher optical density compared to natural bone. Mineralization of the bone, induced by the bone substitute materials, can be detected radiologically
The Assessment of Speech Quality and Intellibility After Replacement of Lost Teeth With Removable Dentures: Review of Literature
Authors: Artjomenko Victoria , Vidzis Aldis , Broka Kristine 
Published: July 2012

Summary
The prevalence of edentulism among Latvian population is high. According to the World Health Organization criteria complete tooth loss is regarded as a disability. One of the basic oral cavity functions is taking part in speech production. Alterations in oral cavity, caused by tooth loss and resorption of its supporting alveolar ridge, can produce changes in speech quality and intelligibility. This can lead to psychological and social problems, thus decreasing the patient’s quality of life. There are several options in replacing missing teeth. In Latvia prosthetic rehabilitation with removable dentures is in great demand. It is mentioned in literature, that removable dentures improve speech quality and intelligibility. However, there is no consensus in this field. The objective of this review is to screen literature for data related to the assessment of speech quality and intelligibility after replacement of lost teeth with removable dentures. Literature was selected through several electronic databases, as well as a manual search in dental journals. The detailed analysis of thirty two articles was performed and some significant facts were revealed. There exists an opinion, that removable dentures may have a negative effect on speech production. As the volume of oral cavity is diminished, resonation of oral cavity is decreased. Artificial teeth, removable denture base can limit tongue space and change the location of its articulation contacts. The assessment of speech quality and intelligibility is an essential diagnostic tool before and after prosthetic rehabilitation in order to provide the best option for restoring lost function. A standardized method for determining changes in speech quality after tooth loss and further prosthodontics has not yet been established. Semi-standardized instruments for the analysis of speech disorders are well documented when dealing with speech changes before and after prosthetic rehabilitation with various oral osseointegrated implant supported prostheses. For the Latvian language this method has not been described yet.
Recurrent Gallstone Ileus in an Elderly Patient With Significant Co-Morbidity
Authors: Vanags Andrejs , Sneidere Mara , Strumfa Ilze , Simtniece Zane , Pavars Maris , Gardovskis Janis 
Published: July 2012

SummaryGallstone ileus accounts for 1-4% of mechanical bowel obstruction. As the patients are elderly, significant co-morbidity is frequent, therefore early diagnosis and timely surgical treatment is mandatory to prevent patient’s death. The aim of the present case report is to heighten the awareness of surgeons to the occurrence and differential diagnostics of gallstone ileus. Here we describe recurrent intestinal obstruction in an elderly lady with previously treated peritonitis as well as history of hip joint prosthesis and mitral valve replacement.
Chronic Pancreatitis: Problems of Classification
Authors: Umnova Larisa , Orlikovs Grigorijs , Voicehovska Julija 
Published: July 2012

Chronic Pancreatitis: Problems of ClassificationThe article encompasses a review of those classifications of chronic pancreatitis (CP) that are of value for clinical practice. None of them gives a reliable description of the severity of clinical presentation and severity of CP course. Clinical pancreatic index (CPI), introduced by the authors, is a clinical classification aimed at solving this problem. CPI gives a quantitative degree of clinical symptom intensity and the severity of clinical course of CP. The application of CPI is useful both when completing clinical researches and in clinical practice. CPI is designed to help choose the best CP treatment option and its intensity.
Invasive and Non-invasive Methods in Diagnostic of Migraine: a Literature Review
Authors: Plinta Aelita , Logina Inara , Platkajis Ardis , Jegere Daina 
Published: July 2012

Invasive and Non-invasive Methods in Diagnostic of Migraine: a Literature ReviewMigraine is one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide. Prevalence varies in different reports but on average it is up to 15% of adults, mostly women, and up to 14,5 % in school age children. Although the diagnosis of migraine in children is not easy, migraine prevalence of migraine in childhood is very high. Morbidity of migraine is strongly related to positive family history and it illustrates ascertain close relation to genetic matter. Medical and social burden of migraine is tremendous since it affects all range of ages, starting from young children to seniors, and severe attacks can be even as disabling as quadriplegia. Despite there are thousands of trials done, indisputable cause of migraine as well as pathophysiological treatment is not clear. There are several forms of migraine, two of which are the most common- migraine without aura and migraine with aura. Diagnosis of migraine is based mainly on anamnesis data and clinical symptoms according to The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), neuroimaging is recommended only in case of so called red flag symptoms and is oriented to exclude secondary headache. Invasive investigations such as lumbar puncture and angiography with contrast are integral parts of investigational plan when migraine has to be differentiated from subarachnoid haemorrhage or pulmonary and cardiac right-to-left shunts. Modern neuroimaging reveals migraine as a kind of neurodegenerative disease that in severe and/or frequent form leads to brain white matter lesions, subclinical infarcts in the posterior circulation and increased iron deposition in brain. On the scientific laboratory level, it is possible now to diagnose migraine on affirmative base, and this is believed to be the future of neuroimaging in clinical practice regarding migraine.
Primary Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) Lymphoma
Authors: Vanags Andrejs , Grusina-Ujumaza Jelena , Strumfa Ilze , Ambalovs Genadijs , Abolins Arnis , Gardovskis Janis 
Published: July 2012

Primary Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) Lymphoma
Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) lymphoma is a rare extra-nodal marginal zone lymphoma representing 0.5% of lung tumours. In order to share experience in the management of BALT lymphoma, we report a well-investigated case with unusual features as complex familial oncologic history and synchronous benign thyroid disease. The patient was a 44-year-old woman with prolonged unspecific respiratory complaints. By computed tomography (CT), bilateral atelectasis-like pulmonary lesions were found in the 3rd, 5th, 6th and 8th segments of the right lung and in the 3rd segment of the left lung. We performed diagnostic video-assisted wedge resection of the 5th segment of right lung. Pathologic and immunohistochemical examination yielded the diagnosis of BALT lymphoma. After staging by bone marrow biopsy and abdominal CT, chemotherapy was recommended by the oncologic council.
A Case Report of Complicated Multiple Facial Basal Cell Carcinoma Treatment in a Young Woman
Authors: Derjabo Aleksandrs , Cema Ingrida , Isajevs Sergejs , Donina Simona 
Published: July 2012

A Case Report of Complicated Multiple Facial Basal Cell Carcinoma Treatment in a Young Woman
A 36-year-old woman was consulted in Riga Eastern Clinical University Hospital Latvian Oncology centre Outpatient Department with multiple histology-proven basal cell carcinomas. The patient was treated with diode laser 980 nm and immunotherapy and had 5 years disease free survival.
The Treatment of Acetabular Fracture Complications in a Combination of Post-traumatic Hip Joint Osteoarthritis and Femoral Fracture for Polytrauma Patient
Authors: Vikmanis Andris , Jumtins Andris 
Published: July 2012

The Treatment of Acetabular Fracture Complications in a Combination of Post-traumatic Hip Joint Osteoarthritis and Femoral Fracture for Polytrauma PatientPelvic bone fractures are related to a high energy injury. Therefore with an increase of the traffic intensity simultaneously grows the number of polytrauma patients, who have pelvic bone fractures of various severity levels. In the case of acetabular fractures, as the most frequent complication is the hip joint post-traumatic degeneratively destructive osteoarthritis, in whose treatment very often the hip joint arthroplasty is necessary. The frequency of this complication is affected by the precision of repositioning and the strength of fixation of an acetabular fracture.