bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERSONALITY BIASES OF ACCOUNTING STUDENTS: SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR LEARNING STYLE PREFERENCES
Authors: Booth Peter , Winzar Hume 
Published: July 2010

Abstract:This paper reviews the evidence of a Myers‐Briggs personality type bias for accounting students, A survey of a sample of accounting majors in three Australian universities supports the overseas evidence that there appears to be a strong tendency for accounting students to have common preferences on three of the four Myers‐Briggs dimensions. The findings of this research suggest that while significant diversity is still evident, there is a bias in the Myers‐Briggs personality profiles of accounting students towards preferences for sensation over intuition, thinking over feeling, and judgment over perception. Research in psychology and education has shown that different Myers‐Briggs personality preferences are associated with significant differences in how people prefer to learn, and the types of learning experiences under which they perform best, that is personality types are associated with distinct learning styles. These outcomes suggest that accounting educators should cater to the variety of personality types among their students by adopting a diversified teaching approach. Such an approach should provide a balance of learning experiences and teaching strategies by attempting to challenge the weaknesses of the personality bias of accounting students in the intuition, feeling and perception areas, and building upon their strengths in the sensation, thinking and judgment areas.
Gender comparison of psychological reaction after miscarriage—a 1‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Kong GWS , Chung TKH , Lai BPY , Lok IH 
Published: July 2010

Please cite this paper as: Kong G, Chung T, Lai B, Lok I. Gender comparison of psychological reaction after miscarriage—a 1‐year longitudinal study. BJOG 2010;117:1211–1219.Objective  To explore men’s psychological reaction and its evolutionary course over 1 year after miscarriage, to compare this reaction with that of their female partners and to investigate the possible correlation of psychological states between partners.Design  Prospective 1‐year longitudinal observational study.Setting  A university‐affiliated tertiary referral hospital in Hong Kong.Sample  Eighty‐three miscarrying couples.Methods  The psychological reactions of miscarrying women and their male partners were assessed immediately and at 3, 6 and 12 months after miscarriage.Main outcome measures  Psychological outcomes were assessed using the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).Results  A substantial proportion of men (43.4%) scored high in GHQ‐12 and 16.9% scored high in BDI immediately after miscarriage. In men, both psychometric scores decreased sharply within the first 3 months and reached a plateau. When compared with women, men scored significantly lower in GHQ‐12 and BDI during the 1‐year course after miscarriage. A planned pregnancy was a significant risk factor (P = 0.008) associated with an initial high BDI score in men. There was a significant positive correlation between couples in both GHQ‐12 and BDI scores throughout the longitudinal course.Conclusions  Although the psychological impact of miscarriage on men was less enduring when compared with that on women, a significant proportion of men demonstrated psychological distress after miscarriage. The significant positive correlation in a couple’s psychological reaction indicated that psychological morbidity was not confined only to a woman’s own experience, but also affected her relationship with her male partner.
BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH: Nestedness for different reasons: the distributions of birds, lizards and small mammals on islands of an inundated lake
Authors: Wang Yanping , Bao Yixin , Yu Mingjian , Xu Gaofu , Ding Ping 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim We examined whether the community compositions of birds, lizards and small mammals were nested in a fragmented landscape in the Thousand Island Lake, China. We also assessed whether the mechanisms influencing nestedness differed among these taxonomic groups.Location Thousand Island Lake, China.Methods Presence/absence matrices were compiled for birds (42 islands) and lizards (42 islands) using line‐transect methods, and for small mammals (14 islands) using live‐trapping methods from 2006 to 2009. Nestedness was analysed using BINMATNEST, and statistical significance was assessed using the conservative null model 3. We used Spearman rank correlations and partial Spearman rank correlations to examine associations of nestedness and habitat variables (area, isolation, habitat diversity and plant richness) as well as life‐history traits (body size, habitat specificity, geographical range size and area requirement) related to species extinction and immigration tendencies.Results The community compositions of birds, lizards and small mammals were all significantly nested, but the causal factors underlying nestedness differed among taxonomic groups. For birds, island area, habitat specificity and area requirement were significantly correlated with nestedness after controlling for other independent variables. For lizards, habitat heterogeneity was the single best correlate of nestedness. For small mammals, island area, habitat heterogeneity and habitat specificity were significantly correlated with nestedness. The nested patterns of birds, lizards and small mammals were not attributable to passive sampling or selective colonization.Main conclusions The processes influencing nested patterns differed among taxonomic groups. Nestedness of bird assemblages was driven by selective extinction, and lizard assemblage was caused by habitat nestedness, while nestedness of small mammals resulted from both selective extinction and habitat nestedness. Therefore, we should take taxonomic differences into account when analysing nestedness to develop conservation guidelines and refrain from using single taxa as surrogates for others.
Biotransformation of diazepam in a clinically relevant flat membrane bioreactor model using primary porcine hepatocytes
Authors: Maringka Michael , Giri Shibashish , Nieber Karen , Acikgöz Ali , Bader Augustinus 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn vitro biotransformation of drug using commercial culture medium with serum may not be the ideal culture medium for clinical application in extracorporeal bioartificial liver support (BAL) systems. In these systems, patient’s blood or plasma is plumbed to primary hepatocytes within a seeded bioreactor, creating interaction between plasma and seeded hepatocytes. To address this situation, we investigated the biotransformation potential of diazepam in primary porcine hepatocytes with a flat membrane bioreactor (FMB); we used human plasma exposure and serum‐free media in organotypical double gel culture model for long‐term culture. We investigated diazepam clearance and all major metabolites of diazepam, such as oxazepam, temazepam, and desmethyldiazepam, in conventional single gel and organotypical sandwich models and compared them to the FMB model. Diazepam elimination was higher in double gel cultures with exposure to both SF 3 medium conditions and plasma, when compared to the single gel model in a Petri dish. It was observed that in the FMB, diazepam elimination was stable at about 3 pg/h/cell in plasma and SF 3 exposure. Oxazepam synthesis in the bioreactor was approximately one quarter less than in the Petri dish, but there were no differences between N‐desmethyldiazepam and temazepam synthesis in double gel culture. In the flat membrane bioreactor, there was no decrease in the biotransformation of diazepam in plasma exposure compared with the control group. Our results suggest that this plasma exposure bioreactor may offer a useful approach in clinical use of extracorporeal BAL, as well as for drug metabolite investigation into toxicological research.
Hormonal and pharmacological modification of plasma potassium homeostasis
Authors: Clausen Torben 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHuman skeletal muscles contain the largest single pool of K+in the body (2600 mmol, 46 times the total K+content of the extracellular space). Intense exercise may double arterial plasma K+in one min. This is because of excitation‐induced release of K+from the working muscle cells via K+channels. This hyperkalemia is rapidly corrected by reaccumulation of K+into the muscle cells via Na+,K+pumps, often leading to hypokalemia. Hyperkalemia may also arise from muscle cell damage, excessive oral or intravenous administration of K+, acidosis, renal failure, depolarization of muscle cells with succinyl choline, activation of K+channels by fluoride poisoning, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, malignant hyperthermia, inhibition of the Na+,K+pumps by digitalis glycosides or treatment with nonselective beta blockers. Hyperkalemia may cause arrhythmia and can be treated with beta2agonists, insulin or hemodialysis. Hypokalemia may be induced by the stimulation of the Na+,K+pumps in skeletal muscles seen postexercise, or by catecholamines, beta2agonists, pheochromocytoma, theophylline, caffeine or insulin, by sepsis, myocardial infarction, trauma, burns and heart failure. Rare causes are hypokalemic periodic paralysis, inhibition of K+channels by barium, chloroquine or barbiturates. Hypokalemia often reflects dietary K+deficiency, alkalosis, renal or gastrointestinal loss of K+. Hypokalemia is more likely to cause arrhythmia than hyperkalemia and can be treated by oral or intravenous administration of K+under frequent control of electrocardiogram and plasma K+. Because of their size and high contents of K+, Na+,K+pumps and K+channels, the skeletal muscles play a central role in the acute, from min‐to‐min ongoing regulation of plasma K+. This is decisive for the maintenance of muscle contractility and heart function.
The migration of mitochondrial DNA fragments to the nucleus affects the chronological aging process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Cheng Xin , Ivessa Andreas S. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMigration of fragmented mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to the nucleus has been shown to occur in multiple species including yeast, plants, and mammals. Several human diseases, including Pallister–Hall syndrome and mucolipidosis, can be initiated by mtDNA insertion mutagenesis of nuclear DNA. In yeast, we demonstrated that the rate of mtDNA fragments translocating to the nucleus increases during chronological aging. The yeast chronological lifespan (CLS) is determined by the survival of nondividing cell populations. Whereas yeast strains with elevated migration rates of mtDNA fragments to the nucleus showed accelerated chronological aging, strains with decreased mtDNA transfer rates to the nucleus exhibited an extended CLS. Although one of the most popular theories of aging is the free radical theory, migration of mtDNA fragments to the nucleus may also contribute to the chronological aging process by possibly increasing nuclear genomic instability in cells with advanced age.
Assessment of in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the liver: a review
Authors: Fischbach Frank , Bruhn Harald 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWith increased availability of magnetic resonance (MR) systems at ultra‐high field strength for clinical studies, other organs besides the brain have received renewed consideration for MR spectroscopy (MRS). Because signal‐to‐noise ratio and chemical shift increase proportional to the static magnetic field, a concomitant increase in signal intensity and spectral resolution of metabolite resonances can be exploited. Improved resolution of adjacent metabolite peaks would not only provide for more accuracy of metabolite identification but also metabolite quantification. While the superiority of high‐field imaging and spectroscopy has already been demonstrated clearly in the brain, this article reviewed issues around 1H MRS of the liver. These include optimization strategies such as coil technology, minimizing of motion artefacts using breath‐holding and postprocessing of the spectra. Moreover, we reviewed the pertinent experience hitherto reported in the literature on potential clinical issues where liver MRS may be useful. These included determination and characterization of liver fat content, liver tumours and focal lesions. While these applications have been used experimentally, liver MRS does not yet have a clearly defined role in the clinical management of any disease state. Accordingly, it remains primarily a research modality to date.
The Role of the Flushing Response in the Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Jung Jin‐Gyu , Kim Jong‐Sung , Oh Mi‐Kyeong 
Published: July 2010

Background:  Facial flushing responses to drinking, because of intolerance to alcohol, are observed in some people, especially Asians. This study examined the role of flushing responses in the relationship between alcohol consumption and insulin resistance (IR).Methods:  Participants in this cross‐sectional analysis included 624 Korean men (80 nondrinkers, 306 nonflushing drinkers, and 238 flushing drinkers) who were free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Data on the flushing response to drinking and alcohol consumption were collected from medical records. IR was estimated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMAIR). On the basis of comparisons with nondrinkers, the risk of IR according to the quantity of alcohol consumed per week was analyzed among nonflushers and flushers.Results:  After adjusting for age, exercise status, smoking status, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides using a logistic regression model, we found a low risk of IR among nonflushers who consumed ≤4 drinks (1 drink = 14 g of alcohol) per week (OR = 0.3). In contrast, a higher risk of IR was associated with nonflushers who consumed >20 drinks per week (OR = 3.5). On the other hand, only a higher risk of IR was associated with flushers who consumed >12 drinks per week (>12 to 20 drinks: OR = 4.7; >20 drinks: OR = 3.5).Conclusions:  The amount of drinking associated with the development of IR in flushers was lower than in nonflushers. Additionally, no positive effect of moderate drinking on IR was observed in flushers. The findings support acetaldehyde‐derived mechanisms in the development of alcohol‐related IR.
Coronary Left Main and Non‐Left Main Bifurcation Angles: How are the Angles Modified by Different Bifurcation Stenting Techniques?
Authors: GODINO COSMO , AL‐LAMEE RASHA , ROSA CLAUDIO LA , MORICI NUCCIA , LATIB AZEEM , IELASI ALFONSO , MARIO CARLO DI , SANGIORGI GIUSEPPE M. , COLOMBO ANTONIO 
Published: July 2010

Background: Investigation of the correlation between bifurcation angles and outcomes is limited with discordant results. The aim of this study is to investigate left main (LM) and non‐left main (N‐LM) bifurcation angles and their modification after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Measurement of all three angles adds to our understanding of bifurcation anatomy and the resultant effect of different stenting techniques.Methods and Results: All three bifurcation angles were described according to the European Bifurcation Club definition: the A (proximal bifurcation angle), the B (distal bifurcation angle) and the C (main branch angle). Measurements were performed in 75 LM and 140 N‐LM bifurcations. In LM bifurcations baseline mean values of C, A, and B were 151°± 28°, 131°± 32°, and 78 ± 28°, respectively. In bifurcations with 2 stents the B significantly decreased by a mean of 10° (P = 0.003) and A increased by 10° (P = 0.006). Crush stenting significantly decreased B (A – 14°; P = 0.020) and increased A (A + 21°; P = 0.005), particularly non‐true bifurcations. In N‐LM bifurcations mean values for C, A, and B were 156°± 19°, 144°± 22°, and 60°± 20°, respectively. Similar to LM bifurcations, the B became narrower mainly at the expense of the A, which became wider. In both types of bifurcations the greatest variation in A and B was found following 2‐stent techniques performed in T‐shaped (≥70°) bifurcations.Conclusions: In both LM and N‐LM bifurcations we found a significant difference in A and B pre‐ and post‐PCI. This difference was driven by the 2‐stent technique and was most evident with a baseline bifurcation angle ≥70°. The Crush technique caused the largest angle variation post‐procedure, particularly in non‐true LM bifurcations.(J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:382–393)
Macrophages heterogeneity in atherosclerosis – implications for therapy
Authors: Wilson Heather M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Current concepts in monocyte heterogeneity
Pro‐atherogenic role of plaque macrophages
Anti‐atherogenic role of plaque macrophages
Macrophage heterogeneity and in vitro classification
Macrophage heterogeneity within atherosclerotic plaques
Macrophage heterogeneity in obesity and obesity‐associated disorders
Macrophage modulation by pathogens and tumours
Pharmacological modulation of macrophage function
Macrophages as a target to non‐invasively image vulnerable plaques
Summary

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease occurring within the artery wall and is an underlying cause of cardiovascular complications, including myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Its pathogenesis involves many immune cell types with a well accepted role for monocyte/macrophages. Cholesterol‐loaded macrophages are a characteristic feature of plaques and are major players in all stages of plaque development. As well as modulating lipid metabolism, macrophages secrete inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that drive pathogenesis. They also produce proteases and tissue factor that contribute to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Macrophages are however heterogeneous cells and when appropriately activated, they phagocytose cytotoxic lipoproteins, clear apoptotic bodies, secrete anti‐inflammatory cytokines and synthesize matrix repair proteins that stabilize vulnerable plaques. Pharmacological modulation of macrophage activity therefore represents a potential therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of the different macrophage subsets and their monocyte precursors, and, the implications of these subsets for atherosclerosis. This will present a foundation for highlighting novel opportunities to exploit the heterogeneity of macrophages as important diagnostic and therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis and its associated diseases.
Paracetamol in early infancy: the risk of childhood allergy and asthma
Authors: Bakkeheim Egil , Mowinckel Peter , Carlsen Kai Håkon , Håland Geir , Carlsen Karin C Lødrup 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim:  We investigated whether paracetamol exposure in pregnancy and until 6 months of age was associated with allergic disease in school children.Methods:  In a prospective birth cohort study in Oslo, 1016 children included at birth were re‐investigated at 10 years. Paracetamol exposure in pregnancy and until 6 months of age was registered. Outcomes at 10 years included current asthma, a history of asthma, allergic sensitization and allergic rhinitis.Results:  Maternal paracetamol use in the first trimester increased the risk for allergic rhinitis at 10 years OR (odds ratio) (95%CI) 2.30 (1.06, 4.97) in boys and girls. Paracetamol use until 6 months in girls increased the risk for allergic sensitization OR 2.20 (1.15, 4.22) and a history of asthma OR 2.20 (1.13, 4.30). The ORs for allergic sensitization and history of asthma in girls remained unchanged adjusting for upper or lower airway infections during the first 6 months of life.Conclusion:  Paracetamol exposure in pregnancy was associated with allergic rhinitis, but not with asthma or allergic sensitization at 10 years of age. Paracetamol used until 6 months of age was associated with allergic sensitization and having a history of asthma in girls at 10 years of age, even considering concomitant airway infections.
Urinary aquaporin‐2 excretion during ibuprofen or indomethacin treatment in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Li Yanhong , Zelenina Marina , Plat‐Willson Geneviève , Marcoux Marie‐Odile , Aperia Anita , Casper Charlotte 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim:  Water channel AQP2 is the target for vasopressin (AVP) and a major determinant of urinary concentrating capacity. In mature kidneys, prostaglandins counteract the effect of AVP on AQP2 expression at functional sites. We investigated whether disturbances in water homeostasis in infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treated with prostaglandin inhibitors can be attributed to activation of AQP2.Methods:  In 53 infants with symptomatic PDA (gestational age 24–33 weeks), 30 receiving ibuprofen and 23 indomethacin starting at 2–15 days of life, clinical and biochemical data were collected before treatment and after each dose of the drugs. Urinary AQP2 was determined by dot immunoblotting.Results:  Urinary AQP2 level and osmolality were decreased in both groups. Urinary osmolality was overall low and correlated inversely with fluid uptake. In ibuprofen group, there was no correlation of AQP2 level with urinary osmolality.Conclusion:  There was no AQP2 upregulation in the infants. The low urinary osmolality and dissociation between urinary osmolality and urinary AQP2 level indicate that the fluid retention sometimes observed in PDA infants treated with prostaglandin inhibitors is not caused by increased levels of functional AQP2. Thus, knowledge about the renal physiology of the adult cannot always be transferred to the infant kidney.
Incontinence: Assessment, Diagnosis, and Management in Two Rehabilitation Units for Older People
Authors: Coffey Alice , McCarthy Geraldine , McCormack Brendan , Wright Jayne , Slater Paul 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT Background: Incontinence of both bladder and bowel is a major health care problem and adversely affects the lives of many people living at home or in health service facilities. The prevalence and severity of incontinence is a global concern that has, in recent years, prompted investigation across several countries. Current approaches to continence care indicate an emphasis on safety and reduction of risk, rather than on detailed individualised assessment and management. Aim: To show approaches to assessment, diagnosis, and management of urinary and faecal incontinence in two rehabilitation settings for older people in Ireland. The study forms part of a larger 2‐year case study to identify the determinants of practice “context” that enable or hinder proactive approaches to promoting continence and the treatment of incontinence in rehabilitation settings for older people. Method: The Royal College of Physicians Audit Scheme was used to record the assessment and management of urinary and faecal incontinence. This scheme also includes questions regarding resources available to enable effective continence management. Over 6 months, 220 patients who suffered from incontinence participated in two study sites: a 78‐bed rehabilitation unit in Northern Ireland and an 80‐bed rehabilitation unit in Southern Ireland. Results: Findings indicated that 60% of incontinent patients had urinary incontinence, 3% faecal incontinence, and 37% mixed urinary and faecal incontinence; however, a specific continence assessment and specific rationale for treatment decisions or continuation of care were lacking. The focus was on continence containment rather than on proactive management. The examination of resources available for continence promotion and management showed that even though guidelines for continence management were available to staff in one unit, there was a dearth of appropriate education or support for staff in continence care. Implications for Practice: Because incontinence remains an issue for older people and the clinical implications of sustained incontinence are multifaceted, strategies should focus on the development of practice towards evidence‐based multidisciplinary approaches to continence promotion and management.