bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Casting Defects and Mechanical Properties of High Pressure Die Cast Mg‐Zn‐Al‐RE Alloys
Authors: Xiao Wenlong , Easton Mark A. , Zhu Suming , Dargusch Matthew S. , Gibson Mark A. , Jia Shusheng , Nie Jianfeng 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe die casting defects and tensile properties of high pressure die cast (HPDC) Mg‐Zn‐Al‐RE alloys with various combinations of Zn and Al were studied. The results show that die casting defects in Mg‐Zn‐Al‐RE alloys are affected by the percentage of Zn and Al contents. The hot tearing susceptibility (HTS) of Mg‐Zn‐Al‐RE alloys tends to increase with increasing Zn content up to 6 wt%, while a further increase of Al and/or Zn content reduces the HTS. In tensile tests, the yield strength (YS) is generally improved by increasing Zn or Al content, whereas the tensile strength (TS) and ductility appear to depend largely on the presence of casting defects. Compared with Mg‐Zn‐Al alloys, the mechanical properties of the Mg‐Zn‐Al‐RE alloy are significantly improved. The Mg‐4Zn‐4Al‐4RE alloy is found to have few casting defects and the optimal tensile properties.
Effect of Process Parameters on a Metallurgical Route Providing Nano‐Structured Single Phase Steel with High Work‐Hardening
Authors: Bouaziz Olivier , Barbier David , Cugy Philippe , Petigand Gérard 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNew experimental results using different prestrains and different recovery durations highlight an efficient metallurgical route to produce single phase steels with high combination between yield stress and strain‐hardening. This is achieved by exploiting the thermal stability of mechanically induced twins in a high manganese austenitic Twining Induced Plasticity alloys.
In Situ EBSD Investigation of Recrystallization in a Partially Annealed and Cold‐Rolled Aluminum Alloy of Commercial Purity
Authors: Helbert Anne‐Laure , Wang Wei , Brisset François , Baudin Thierry , Penelle Richard 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe microstructure of partially annealed and additionally rolled 1050 aluminum alloy of commercial purity was monitored using FEG/EBSD in situ heating experiments in order to understand the preferential growth of Cube‐oriented grains. A fast reorganization of the deformation sub‐structure of Cube and S1{214} <‐1‐21> grains has been observed by sub‐grain growth that consists in a continuous recrystallization mechanism. This occurs as the main recrystallization mechanism at the beginning of the annealing but soon competes with a preferential Cube growth by Strain Induced Boundary Migration (SIBM). An EBSD pattern Image Quality (IQ) analysis attested that Cube grains store less energy than non‐Cube oriented grains. TEM observations allowed studying the effect of the additional rolling on the deformation sub‐structures depending on the crystallographic orientation. It appears that Cube grains close to the exact orientation contain isolated dislocations and that rotated Cube grains (with 15° spread to the exact orientation) are composed of dislocation cells with thin walls. At the opposite, non‐Cube grains are organized in sub‐grains with thicker walls and rich in dislocations. Finally, this difference of sub‐structure associated to an energy difference between Cube and non‐Cube grains explains the preferential Cube growth by SIBM evidenced by the sequence of in situ scans during heating.
Towards the Next Generation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Operating Below 600 °C with Chemically Stable Proton‐Conducting Electrolytes
Authors: Fabbri Emiliana , Bi Lei , Pergolesi Daniele , Traversa Enrico 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe need for reducing the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operating temperature below 600 °C is imposed by cost reduction, which is essential for widespread SOFC use, but might also disclose new applications. To this aim, high‐temperature proton‐conducting (HTPC) oxides have gained widespread interest as electrolyte materials alternative to oxygen‐ion conductors. This Progress Report describes recent developments in electrolyte, anode, and cathode materials for protonic SOFCs, addressing the issue of chemical stability, processability, and good power performance below 600 °C. Different fabrication methods are reported for anode‐supported SOFCs, obtained using state‐of‐the‐art, chemically stable proton‐conducting electrolyte films. Recent findings show significant improvements in the power density output of cells based on doped barium zirconate electrolytes, pointing out towards the feasibility of the next generation of protonic SOFCs, including a good potential for the development of miniaturized SOFCs as portable power supplies.
Phase II study of the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) in patients with low or intermediate‐1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Dimicoli Sophie , Jabbour Elias , Borthakur Gautam , Kadia Tapan , Estrov Zeev , Yang Hui , Kelly Mary , Pierce Sherry , Kantarjian Hagop , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA phase II non‐randomized single arm trial of oral panobinostat (LBH589) was conducted in patients with low or intermediate‐1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The objective of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of panobinostat in this patient population. The study would stop early if there was a chance >99% that the average overall response rate was <15%. Thirteen patients were treated: Median age was 70 years (range 47–84), 70% were transfusion dependent, 70% had intermediate‐1 risk MDS. Most patients were diploid but one patient with del(5q), one with trisomy 8, one with complex cytogenetics, and two with deletion of 20q were included. Approximately 40% had previous therapy for MDS. Of the 13 patients, 1 (8%) achieved hematological improvement (HI‐E and HI‐P, duration 3 months) and 6 (46%) had stable disease for a median duration of 6 months (range 1.7–13.6). Treatment was withheld in one patient because of QTc prolongation but no other serious adverse effects were otherwise observed. Panobinostat did not consistently induce histone acetylation as measured with Western blot. This data indicates that panobinostat at the dose and schedule studied here has limited activity in lower risk MDS. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Geometric morphometrics of male facial shape in relation to physical strength and perceived attractiveness, dominance, and masculinity
Authors: Windhager Sonja , Schaefer Katrin , Fink Bernhard 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectives:Evolutionary psychologists claim that women have adaptive preferences for specific male physical traits. Physical strength may be one of those traits, because recent research suggests that women rate faces of physically strong men as more masculine, dominant, and attractive. Yet, previous research has been limited in its ability to statistically map specific male facial shapes and features to corresponding physical measures (e.g., strength) and ratings (e.g., attractiveness).Methods:The association of handgrip strength (together with measures of shoulder width, body height, and body fat) and women's ratings of male faces (concerning dominance, masculinity, and attractiveness) were studied in a sample of 26 Caucasian men (aged 18–32 years). Geometric morphometrics was used to statistically assess the covariation of male facial shape with these measures. Statistical results were visualized with thin‐plate spline deformation grids along with image unwarping and image averaging.Results:Handgrip strength together with shoulder width, body fat, dominance, and masculinity loaded positively on the first dimension of covariation with facial shape (explaining 72.6%,P< 0.05). These measures were related to rounder faces with wider eyebrows and a prominent jaw outline while highly attractive and taller men had longer, narrower jaws and wider/fuller lips.Conclusions:Male physical strength was more strongly associated with changes in face shape that relate to perceived masculinity and dominance than to attractiveness. Our study adds to the growing evidence that attractiveness and dominance/masculinity may reflect different aspects of male mate quality. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Hokkaido Jomon skeletons: Remnants of archaic maternal lineages at the southwestern edge of former Beringia
Authors: Adachi Noboru , Shinoda Ken‐ichi , Umetsu Kazuo , Kitano Takashi , Matsumura Hirofumi , Fujiyama Ryuzo , Sawada Junmei , Tanaka Masashi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTo clarify the colonizing process of East/Northeast Asia as well as the peopling of the Americas, identifying the genetic characteristics of Paleolithic Siberians is indispensable. However, no genetic information on the Paleolithic Siberians has hitherto been reported. In the present study, we analyzed ancient DNA recovered from Jomon skeletons excavated from the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, which was connected with southern Siberia in the Paleolithic period. Both the control and coding regions of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were analyzed in detail, and we confidently assigned 54 mtDNAs to relevant haplogroups. Haplogroups N9b, D4h2, G1b, and M7a were observed in these individuals, with N9b being the predominant one. The fact that all these haplogroups, except M7a, were observed with relatively high frequencies in the southeastern Siberians, but were absent in southeastern Asian populations, implies that most of the Hokkaido Jomon people were direct descendants of Paleolithic Siberians. The coalescence time of N9b (ca. 22,000 years) was before or during the last glacial maximum, implying that the initial trigger for the Jomon migration in Hokkaido was increased glaciations during this period. Interestingly, Hokkaido Jomons lack specific haplogroups that are prevailing in present‐day native Siberians, implying that diffusion of these haplogroups in Siberia might have been after the beginning of the Jomon era, about 15,000 years before present. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The correspondence between proximal phalanx morphology and locomotion: Implications for inferring the locomotor behavior of fossil catarrhines
Authors: Rein Thomas R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPhalanges are considered to be highly informative in the reconstruction of extinct primate locomotor behavior since these skeletal elements directly interact with the substrate during locomotion. Variation in shaft curvature and relative phalangeal length has been linked to differences in the degree of suspension and overall arboreal locomotor activities. Building on previous work, this study investigated these two skeletal characters in a comparative context to analyze function, while taking evolutionary relationships into account. This study examined the correspondence between proportions of suspension and overall substrate usage observed in 17 extant taxa and included angle of curvature and relative phalangeal length. Predictive models based on these traits are reported. Published proportions of different locomotor behaviors were regressed against each phalangeal measurement and a size proxy. The relationship between each behavior and skeletal trait was investigated using ordinary least‐squares, phylogenetic generalized least‐squares (pGLS), and two pGLS transformation methods to determine the model of best‐fit. Phalangeal curvature and relative length had significant positive relationships with both suspension and overall arboreal locomotion. Cross‐validation analyses demonstrated that relative length and curvature provide accurate predictions of relative suspensory behavior and substrate usage in a range of extant species when used together in predictive models. These regression equations provide a refined method to assess the amount of suspensory and overall arboreal locomotion characterizing species in the catarrhine fossil record. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluorine Conformational Effects in Organocatalysis: An Emerging Strategy for Molecular Design
Authors: Zimmer Lucie E. , Sparr Christof , Gilmour Ryan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMolecular design strategies that profit from the intrinsic stereoelectronic and electrostatic effects of fluorinated organic molecules have mainly been restricted to bio‐organic chemistry. Indeed, many fluorine conformational effects remain academic curiosities with no immediate application. However, the renaissance of organocatalysis offers the possibility to exploit many of these well‐described phenomena for molecular preorganization. In this minireview, we highlight examples of catalyst refinement by introduction of an aliphatic CF bond which functions as a chemically inert steering group for conformational control.
The Development of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy in Shanghai Mental Health Center
Authors: Xu Yong , Qiu Jianyin , Chen Jue , Xiao Zeping 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTPsychoanalytic psychotherapy developed in the China in the context that mental health has become a significant social and public health problem due to the remarkable social and economic changes in the last 30 years. This paper uses the development of psychoanalytic psychotherapy at Shanghai Mental Health Center as an illustration of its benefits for China, and the difficulties and obstacles it encounters in Chinese culture. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diuretic use, increased serum urate levels, and risk of incident gout in a population‐based study of adults with hypertension: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort study
Authors: McAdams DeMarco Mara A. , Maynard Janet W. , Baer Alan N. , Gelber Allan C. , Young J. Hunter , Alonso Alvaro , Coresh Josef 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the role of diuretic use in gout development in an adult population with hypertension.MethodsThe Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, a prospective population‐based cohort from 4 US communities, consisted of 4 visits over a 9‐year period. Participants were included in this analysis if they answered a query about gout, were free of gout at baseline, and had hypertension (defined as taking medication to treat hypertension or having blood pressure of ≥140/90 mm Hg). Trained interviewers recorded use of antihypertensive drugs. Incident gout was defined as self‐reported onset of gout after baseline. Using a time‐dependent Cox proportional hazards model, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs; with 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) for incident gout by time‐varying diuretic use, both adjusted for confounders and tested for mediation by serum urate level.ResultsThere were 5,789 participants with hypertension; 37% were treated with a diuretic. Use of any diuretic (HR 1.48 [95% CI 1.11, 1.98]), a thiazide diuretic (HR 1.44 [95% CI 1.00, 2.10]), or a loop diuretic (HR 2.31 [95% CI 1.36, 3.91]) was associated with incident gout as compared with not using any diuretic, not using a thiazide diuretic, or not using a loop diuretic, respectively. After adjusting for serum urate level, the association between diuretic use and gout was null. Use of antihypertensive medication other than diuretic agents was associated with decreased gout risk (adjusted HR 0.64 [95% CI 0.49, 0.86]) compared to untreated hypertension. The longitudinal change in serum urate levels was 0.72 mg/dl (95% CI 0.57, 0.87) higher in those who began treatment with a diuretic than in those who did not (P < 0.001).ConclusionThiazide and loop diuretics were associated with increased gout risk, an association mediated by a change in serum urate levels.
Efficacy of the antiphospholipid score for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome and its predictive value for thrombotic events
Authors: Otomo Kotaro , Atsumi Tatsuya , Amengual Olga , Fujieda Yuichiro , Kato Masaru , Oku Kenji , Horita Tetsuya , Yasuda Shinsuke , Koike Takao 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo define the antiphospholipid score (aPL‐S) by testing multiple antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and to evaluate its efficacy for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and predictive value for thrombosis.MethodsThis study comprised 2 independent sets of patients with autoimmune diseases. In the first set of patients (n = 233), the aPL profiles were analyzed. Five clotting assays for testing lupus anticoagulant and 6 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (IgG/IgM anticardiolipin antibodies, IgG/IgM anti–β2‐glycoprotein I, and IgG/IgM phosphatidylserine‐dependent antiprothrombin antibodies) were included. The association of the aPL‐S with a history of thrombosis/pregnancy morbidity was assessed. In the second set of patients (n = 411), the predictive value of the aPL‐S for thrombosis was evaluated retrospectively. Two hundred ninety‐six of these patients were followed up for >2 years. The relationship between the aPL‐S and the risk of developing thrombosis was analyzed.ResultsIn the first set of patients, the aPL‐S was higher in those with thrombosis/pregnancy morbidity than in those without manifestations of APS (P < 0.00001). For the aPL‐S, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value was 0.752. In the second set of patients, new thromboses developed in 32 patients. The odds ratio (OR) for thrombosis in patients with an aPL‐S of ≥30 was 5.27 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.32–11.95, P < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, an aPL‐S of ≥30 appeared to be an independent risk factor for thrombosis (hazard ratio 3.144 [95% CI 1.383–7.150], P = 0.006).ConclusionThe aPL‐S is a useful quantitative index for diagnosing APS and may be a predictive marker for thrombosis in autoimmune diseases.
Histone deacetylases are dysregulated in rheumatoid arthritis and a novel histone deacetylase 3–selective inhibitor reduces interleukin‐6 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Gillespie Justin , Savic Sinisa , Wong Chi , Hempshall Aiden , Inman Martyn , Emery Paul , Grigg Ronald , McDermott Michael F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate the effects of MI192, a novel HDAC‐3–selective inhibitor, compared with the established nonselective HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), on proinflammatory cytokine production.MethodsActivity of HDAC and histone acetyltransferase was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RA patients by spectrophotometric assay, prior to and after 12 weeks of etanercept therapy. The effects of HDAC inhibitor treatment on cytokine production in both RA and healthy PBMCs were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsRA PBMCs exhibited significantly increased HDAC activity (P = 0.007) compared to PBMCs from healthy individuals, and the increase was unaltered after 12 weeks of etanercept therapy. TSA was a potent inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) production in both RA and healthy PBMCs and of interferon‐γ (IFNγ) production in healthy PBMCs; IFNγ was not produced by RA PBMCs. MI192 inhibited TNF production at high concentrations and dose‐dependently inhibited IL‐6 in RA PBMCs but not healthy PBMCs, across a dose range of 10 μM–5 nM.ConclusionHDAC activity is dysregulated in RA PBMCs and is a potential target for therapeutic intervention, as it is not affected by conventional anti‐TNF treatment with etanercept. Both the selective and the nonselective HDAC inhibitors (MI192 and TSA, respectively) were found to regulate cytokine production from PBMCs, but their effects were cell type and compound specific. HDAC inhibitors have potential in the treatment of RA, and HDAC‐selective inhibition may improve the therapeutic margin of safety; however, further clinical characterization and evaluation for adverse effects is needed.
A Ditopic Fluorescence Sensor for Saccharides and Mercury Based on a Boronic‐Acid Receptor and Desulfurisation Reaction
Authors: Xing Zhitao , Wang Hui‐Chen , Cheng Yixiang , James Tony D. , Zhu Chengjian 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTwo boron‐contained fluorescent sensors, 1 and 2, based on coumarin have been prepared. The fluorescence response of the two systems was investigated with addition of saccharide and mercury ions. Sensor 2 behaves as a bifunctional fluorescent switch with chemical inputs of D‐fructose and mercury ions.
Effects of inositol supplementation in a cohort of mothers at risk of producing an NTD pregnancy
Authors: Cavalli Pietro , Tonni Gabriele , Grosso Enrico , Poggiani Carlo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNeural tube defects (NTDs), most commonly spina bifida and anencephaly, can be prevented with periconceptional intake of folic acid in about 70% of cases. Recurrence of NTDs despite supplementation of high dose of folic acid further suggests that a proportion of NTD cases might be resistant to folic acid. Moreover, heterogeneity of NTDs has been suggested in animal studies, indicating that only some sub‐type of NTDs should be considered sensitive to folate intake. Inositol isomers (particularly myo‐ and chiro‐inositol) can prevent folate‐resistant NTDs in the curly‐tail mutant mouse, suggesting that some cases of human NTDs might benefit from inositol supplementation. In humans, lower inositol blood concentration was found in pregnant women carrying NTD fetuses, whereas a periconceptional combination therapy with folic acid associated with inositol has been linked to normal live births, despite high NTD recurrence risk. Fifteen pregnancies from 12 Caucasian women from different parts of Italy with at least one previous NTD‐affected pregnancy underwent periconceptional combined myo‐inositol and folic acid supplementation. Maternal serum α‐feto‐protein levels were found in the normal range, and normal results on ultrasound examination were found in all the pregnancies that followed. No collateral effects or intense uterine contractions were demonstrated in this pilot study in any of the pregnancies after inositol supplementation, and seventeen babies were born without any type of NTD. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of static magnetic fields on the growth, photosynthesis and ultrastructure of Chlorella kessleri microalgae
Authors: Small Darcy P. , Hüner Norman P.A. , Wan Wankei 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMicroalgal biotechnology could generate substantial amounts of biofuels with minimal environmental impact if the economics can be improved by increasing the rate of biomass production. Chlorella kessleri was grown in a small‐scale raceway pond and in flask cultures with the entire volume, 1% (v/v) at any instant, periodically exposed to static magnetic fields to demonstrate increased biomass production and investigate physiological changes, respectively. The growth rate in flasks was maximal at a field strength of 10 mT, increasing from 0.39 ± 0.06 per day for the control to 0.88 ± 0.06 per day. In the raceway pond the 10 mT field increased the growth rate from 0.24 ± 0.03 to 0.45 ± 0.05 per day, final biomass from 0.88 ± 0.11 to 1.56 ± 0.18 g/L per day, and maximum biomass production from 0.11 ± 0.02 to 0.38 ± 0.04 g/L per day. Increased pigment, protein, Ca, and Zn content made the biomass produced with magnetic stimulation nutritionally superior. An increase in oxidative stress was measured indirectly as a decrease in antioxidant capacity from 26 ± 2 to 17 ± 1 µmol antioxidant/g biomass. Net photosynthetic capacity (NPC) and respiratory rate were increased by factors of 2.1 and 3.1, respectively. Loss of NPC enhancement after the removal of magnetic field fit a first‐order model well (R2 = 0.99) with a half‐life of 3.3 days. Transmission electron microscopy showed enlarged chloroplasts and decreased thylakoid order with 10 mT treatment. By increasing daily biomass production about fourfold, 10 mT magnetic field exposure could make algal oil cost competitive with other biodiesel feedstocks. Bioelectromagnetics 33:298–308, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.