bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmentation of atypical antipsychotics with valproic acid. An open‐label study for most difficult patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Suzuki Takefumi , Uchida Hiroyuki , Takeuchi Hiroyoshi , Nakajima Shinichiro , Nomura Kensuke , Tanabe Akira , Yagi Gohei , Watanabe Koichiro , Kashima Haruo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveMost difficult inpatients with schizophrenia are in serious needs but obviously underrepresented in clinical trials.MethodsVery challenging patients received open‐label treatment with atypical antipsychotics concurrently augmented with valproic acid. The primary outcome was the newly developed Functional Assessment for Comprehensive Treatment of Schizophrenia (FACT‐Sz). Patients improving more than 20 points were classified as responders.ResultsMean age and illness duration of 28 participants (22male) were 42 y.o. and 20 years, respectively. They had spent a half of their life admitted after the onset. The average Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Clinical Global Impression‐Severity (CGI‐S) were very severe at 79 and 6.1, respectively, with the baseline Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) of as low as 21. As a result of augmentation, there were nine responders, 12 partial responders, and seven non‐responders including only two patients who got worse. The main antipsychotics were mostly either risperidone or olanzapine. Mean maximum oral dose and blood level of valproic acid were 1907 mg and 91.7 µg/ml, respectively. Overall significant improvements whilst to an inadequate degree were noted in clinical parameters. Valproate augmentation was generally well tolerated but serious adverse effects included thrombocytopenia, anaemia and sedation/falls.ConclusionsWhile these preliminary results need to be tested against tenacious monotherapy or polypharmacy involving clozapine, augmenting atypical antipsychotics with valproic acid can be useful for very severe schizophrenia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum heme‐albumin: An allosteric protein
Authors: Ascenzi Paolo , Fasano Mauro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHeme scavenging by plasma proteins, including serum albumin (SA), provides protection against free‐heme oxidative damage, limits access by pathogens to the heme, and contributes to iron homeostasis by recycling the heme iron. In turn, serum heme‐albumin (SA‐heme) acquires heme‐based ligand‐binding and (pseudo‐)enzymatic properties. Heme binding to SA and SA‐heme reactivity are allosterically and competitively modulated by endogenous and exogenous third components, this being relevant in pharmacotherapy management. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61: 1118–1122, 2009
The path to RNA editing in plant mitochondria: The Halifax chapter
Authors: Gray Michael W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA single C/T difference between gene and cDNA within the 5′‐untranslated region of the wheat mtDNA‐encoded cox2 (cytochrome oxidase subunit 2) sequence catalyzed the discovery of C‐to‐U RNA editing in plant mitochondria by a group at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia [Covello and Gray, (1989) Nature 341, 662–666]. Editing of codons specifying essential copper‐binding ligands in the Cox2p CuA site provided additional insights about the amino acid residues comprising this site, as well as illustrating the functional importance of editing in wheat mitochondria. Further investigations of RNA editing in plant mitochondria led to the subsequent discovery of a case of mitochondrion‐to‐nucleus gene (cox2) transfer in soybean, mediated by reverse transcription of edited cox2 mRNA. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61: 1114–1117, 2009
Interpreting diffuse reflectance for in vivo skin reactions in terms of chromophores
Authors: Kollias Nikiforos , Seo InSeok , Bargo Paulo R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe measurement and quantification of skin reactions to insults involves certain assumptions about the relation between intensity of color appearance of the skin and the concentration of endogenous chromophores. The underlying assumption is that the Beer‐Lambert law is obeyed, i.e., that a linear relation exists between the absorbance and the concentration of each chromophore and that the total absorbance is the linear superposition of the contributions of each chromophore. In this paper the authors compiled the results from a number of interventions on human skin that result in changes in its appearance and small deviations from the homeostatic state, where the results may be accounted for by a single or multiple chromophores. The validity of the assumptions is found to hold for a limited range of responses. The biological constraints need to be considered in certain cases because as we move away from the homeostatic state, complex biological processes are induced. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells
Authors: Ghosh Dhimankrishna , Lippert Dustin , Krokhin Oleg , Cortens John P. , Wilkins John A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe present study was initiated to define the composition of the membrane proteome of the Natural Killer (NK) like cell line YTS. Isolated membranes were treated with reagents that have been reported to remove peripheral membrane proteins. Additional steps involving trifluoroethanol (TFE) were introduced in an effort to remove remaining nonintegral membrane proteins. This treatment resulted in the release of a subset of proteins without any apparent disruption of membrane integrity. The membranes were solubilized and digested with trypsin in 25% TFE. The resulting peptides were separated using an off‐line two‐dimensional reversed phase LC technique at alkaline and acidic pHs. Mass spectrometric analysis identified 1843 proteins with high confidence scores. On the basis of the presence of transmembrane regions or evidence of posttranslational modifications and prediction algorithms, approximately 40% of the identified proteins were predicted as plausible membrane proteins. The remaining species were largely involved in cellular processes and molecular functions that could be predicted to be transiently associated with membranes. The analytical approaches presented in this study offer robust generic methods for the identification and characterization of membrane proteins. These observations highlight the fact that the membrane is a dynamic entity that is composed of integral and stably associated proteins. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cod and rainbow trout as freeze–chilled meal elements
Authors: Jensen Louise H S , Nielsen Jette , Jørgensen Bo M , Frosch Stina 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: ‘Meal elements’ are elements of a meal, e.g. portions of pre‐fried meat, sauces, frozen fish or pre‐processed vegetables typically prepared industrially. The meal elements are distributed to professional satellite kitchens, where the staff can combine them into complete meals. Freeze–chilling is a process consisting of freezing and frozen storage followed by thawing and chilled storage. Combining the two would enable the manufacturer to produce large quantities of frozen meal elements to be released into the chill chain according to demand. We have studied the influence of freeze–chilling on the quality attributes of cod and rainbow trout portions. Sensory profiling and chemical analyses were used to determine the changes in quality after slow thawing and subsequent chill storage and to find the high‐quality shelf life.RESULTS: Cod had a consistent and high sensory quality during the first 6 days of chilled storage, and the corresponding time for rainbow trout was 10 days. After this period the sensory quality decreased and chemical indicators of spoilage were seen to increase.CONCLUSION: The consistent quality during storage and the high‐quality shelf life are practically applicable and cod and rainbow trout seem potential candidates for freeze–chilled meal elements. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
On the Effects of UV‐C and pH on the Mechanical Behavior, Molecular Conformation and Cell Viability of Collagen‐Based Scaffold for Vascular Tissue Engineering
Authors: Achilli Matteo , Lagueux Jean , Mantovani Diego 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCollagen‐based vascular substitutes represent in VTE a valid alternative for the replacement of diseased small‐calibre blood vessels. In this study, collagen gel‐based scaffolds were crosslinked combining modulation of pH and UV‐C radiation. The effects on the mechanical properties, on the molecular structure and on cell viability and morphology were investigated. The mechanical response increased as a function of pH or UV‐C dose and strongly depended on the test speed. Collagen molecular conformation resulted only slightly modified. While cell adhesion was not significantly altered, cell proliferation partially decreased in function of pH and UV‐C. These findings suggest that UV‐C treated collagen gels can represent an adequate substrate for VTE applications.magnified image
A Perfect Couple: PLP/SEC/ESI‐MS for the Accurate Determination of Propagation Rate Coefficients in Free Radical Polymerization
Authors: Gruendling Till , Voll Dominik , Guilhaus Michael , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPulsed laser polymerization (PLP) in conjunction with online size exclusion chromatography – electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SEC/ESI‐MS) has successfully been applied for the determination of accurate propagation rate coefficients, kp, in free radical polymerization. SEC/ESI‐MS is used in this context to precisely determine the molecular weight distribution of the polymer produced by the PLP‐experiment. The novel approach allows for a highly accurate internal calibration of the size exclusion system to be obtained from first principles, as the molecular weight of the polymer is determined with ppm accuracy by the mass spectrometer and allows corrections for SEC band broadening effects to be made. Molecular weight measurements can furthermore be performed regardless of the monomer class, as long as the macromolecule is amenable to electrospray ionization. The proposed approach successfully eliminates work‐steps and problems incurred in the analysis of new and poorly characterized monomers, where universal calibration or multi‐detector SEC had to be applied until now and provides an alternative also to PLP/MALDI‐MS. Applicability of the method is demonstrated for the homologous series of methyl‐, ethyl‐ and butyl methacrylate. The experimentally determined kp values were 5–10% higher than the currently available benchmark data. The experimental kp is in agreement with the results of kinetic simulations, assuming a short chain length dependency of kp, in accordance with the empirical model of Smith, Heuts and Russell.magnified image
Singular solutions of elliptic equations with nonstandard growth
Authors: Lukkari Teemu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe prove a removability result for nonlinear elliptic equations withp(x)‐type nonstandard growth and estimate the growth of solutions near a nonremovable isolated singularity. To accomplish this, we employ a Harnack estimate for possibly unbounded solutions and the fact that solutions with nonremovable isolated singularities arep(x)‐superharmonic functions (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Relaxed commutant lifting and a relaxed Nehari problem: Redheffer state space formulas
Authors: Horst S. ter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe description of all solutions to the relaxed commutant lifting problem in terms of an underlying contraction, obtained earlier in joint work of the author with A. E. Frazho and M. A. Kaashoek, is transformed into a linear fractional Redheffer state space form. Under certain additional conditions the coefficient functions in this representation are described explicitly in terms of the original data. The main theorem is a generalization of the Redheffer description of all solutions to the classical commutant lifting problem. To illustrate the result a relaxed version of the Nehari extension problem is considered, and an explicit Redheffer description of all its solutions is given, assuming that a certain truncated Hankel operator is a strict contraction (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rank 2 arithmetically Cohen‐Macaulay bundles on a general quintic surface
Authors: Chiantini Luca , Faenzi Daniele 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRank 2 arithmetically Cohen‐Macaulay vector bundles on a general quintic hypersurface of the three‐dimensional projective space are classified (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Directional maximal operators with smooth densities
Authors: Hare Kathryn E. , Roginskaya Maria 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe study directional maximal operators on ℝn with smooth densities. We prove that if the classical directional maximal operator in a given set of directions is weak type (1, 1), then the corresponding smooth‐density maximal operator in that set of directions will be bounded on Lq for q suitably large, depending on the order of the stationary points of the density function. In contrast to the classical case, if q is too small, the smooth density operator need not be bounded on Lq. Improving upon previously known results, we also establish that if the density function has only finitely many extreme points, each of finite order, then any maximal operator in a finite sum of diadic directions is bounded on all Lq for q > 1 (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Some applications of the Gamma and polygamma functions involving convolutions of the Rayleigh functions, multiple Euler sums and log‐sine integrals
Authors: Choi Junesang , Srivastava H. M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Gamma function and its n th logarithmic derivatives (that is, the polygamma or the psi‐functions) have found many interesting and useful applications in a variety of subjects in pure and applied mathematics. Here we mainly apply these functions to treat convolutions of the Rayleigh functions by recalling a general identity expressing a certain class of series as psi‐functions and to evaluate a class of log‐sine integrals in an algorithmic way. We also evaluate some Euler sums and give much simpler psi‐function expressions for some known parameterized multiple sums (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Using Metallo‐Supramolecular Block Copolymers for the Synthesis of Higher Order Nanostructured Assemblies
Authors: Moughton Adam O. , O'Reilly Rachel K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMany research groups have explored the properties and solution self‐assembly of main chain metallo‐supramolecular multiblock copolymers. Until recently, these metal complexes have been used to prepare mainly micelle type structures. However, the self‐assembly of such copolymers has been exploited further to create more advanced architectures which utilize the reversible supramolecular linkage of their building blocks as a key component in their synthesis. Furthermore, the incorporation of multiple orthogonal interactions and stimuli responsive polymers into their design, enables more precise external control of their properties. This feature article discusses recent developments and provides an insight into their potential exploitation and development for the creation of novel, smart, and responsive nanostructures.magnified image
In silico methods for physiologically based biokinetic models describing bioactivation and detoxification of coumarin and estragole: Implications for risk assessment
Authors: Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. , Punt Ans , Schilter Benoît , Scholz Gabriele , Delatour Thierry , van Bladeren Peter J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn chemical safety assessment, information on adverse effects after chronic exposure to low levels of hazardous compounds is essential for estimating human risks. Results from in vitro studies are often not directly applicable to the in vivo situation, and in vivo animal studies often have to be performed at unrealistic high levels of exposure. Physiologically based biokinetic (PBBK) modeling can be used as a platform for integrating in vitro metabolic data to predict dose‐ and species‐dependent in vivo effects on biokinetics, and can provide a method to obtain a better mechanistic basis for extrapolations of data obtained in experimental animal studies to the human situation. Recently, we have developed PBBK models for the bioactivation of the alkenylbenzene estragole to its DNA binding ultimate carcinogenic metabolite 1′‐sulfooxyestragole in both rat and human, as well as rat and human PBBK models for the bioactivation of coumarin to its hepatotoxic o‐hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde metabolite. This article presents an overview of the results obtained so far with these in silico methods for PBBK modeling, focusing on the possible implications for risk assessment, and some additional considerations and future perspectives.
Fabrication and characterization of electrolyte membranes based on organoclay/tripropyleneglycol diacrylate/poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun nanofiber composites
Authors: Jeong Kwang‐Un , Chae Hee Dong , Lim Chun Il , Lee Hong Ki , Ahn Jou‐Hyeon , Nah Changwoon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUtilizing polymer electrospinning technology, novel electrolyte membranes based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/organomodified clay (OC)/tripropyleneglycol diacrylate (TPGDA) composite nanofibers with a diameter of 100–400 nm were fabricated for application in lithium batteries. Ultraviolet photo‐polymerization of electrospun PVDF/OC/TPGDA nanofibers generated chemically crosslinked TPGDA‐grafted PVDF/OC nanofibers exhibiting robust mechanical and electrochemical properties. The prepared fibrous PVDF/OC/TPGDA electrolytes were characterized in terms of morphology, crystallinity, electrochemical stability, ionic conductivity and cell cycleability. Based on differential scanning calorimetry analysis, the crystallinity of PVDF decreased by ca 10% on employing the OC and TPGDA. Compared with pure PVDF film‐based electrolyte membranes, the TPGDA‐ and OC‐modified PVDF electrolyte membranes exhibited improved mechanical properties and various electrochemical properties. The OC‐ and TPGDA‐modified microporous membranes are promising candidates for overcoming the drawbacks of the lower mechanical stability of fibrous‐type electrolytes with further improvement of electrochemical performance. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Nanofilled polyols for viscoelastic polyurethane foams
Authors: Indennidate Lorenzo , Cannoletta Donato , Lionetto Francesca , Greco Antonio , Maffezzoli Alfonso 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe use of polyether polyols is common in polyurethane industry, particularly in soft PU applications. In particular, viscoelastic foams, characterized by slow recovery after compression, are obtained using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) polyols. Nanofilled polyols can be used for the production of viscoelastic foams with improved fire resistance properties. The high polarity of polyether polyols is responsible of a poor affinity with the organic modifiers used in commercial organically modified montmorillonite (omMMT). In this work, organically modified montmorillonites were prepared, having an improved affinity with the polyether polyols used for the production of soft PU foams. The montmorillonite was modified by using polyetheramines with different ethyleneoxide/propyleneoxide amounts. A strongly intercalated/exfoliated structure was obtained after mixing the polyol with the omMMT. The viscosity increased by three orders of magnitude and the diffraction angles of the MMT measured by x‐ray analysis decreased to values lower than 1.5°. The intercalated structure was preserved after the curing stage, when the isocyanate was added to the polyol/omMMT. The resulting polyurethane had an irregular open cell structure, and was characterized by a mechanical properties comparable to those of unfilled polyurethane. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Composed of Three Electrodes: Application to Tooth Bleaching
Authors: Lee Hyun Woo , Nam Seoul Hee , Mohamed Abdel‐Aleam H. , Kim Gyoo Cheon , Lee Jae Koo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThree‐electrode plasma jet system consisting of a perforated dielectric tube with two outer and one floating inner electrodes was developed and employed for tooth bleaching. Lowered gas breakdown voltage and increased discharge current were achieved by using the floating inner electrode. Optical emission spectra analysis showed that the rotational temperature of the second positive nitrogen bands was ≈290 K and vibrational temperature was ≈2 500 K, which means this plasma is in highly non‐quilibrium state and nonthermal. The presence of excited He, N2, N and O in the plasma plume was revealed. The plasma jet was used in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to remove stains from extracted teeth stained by either coffee or red wine. Combining the plasma jet and H2O2 improved the bleaching efficacy by a factor of 3.1 (coffee) and 3.7 (red wine) compared with using H2O2 alone.magnified image
Semi‐quantitative Study on the Inclusion in Cooling Crystallization of RDX Using Various Solvents
Authors: Kim Doo‐Yong , Kim Kwang‐Joo , Kim Hyoun‐Soo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInclusion entrapped inside the crystals prepared in the cooling crystallization of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) from solution was studied. Effect of supersaturation on the inclusion formation was also studied in crystallization using solvents. Solvents such as acetone (AC), cyclohexanone (CH), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), N‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP), γ‐butyrolactone (BL), and their mixtures with water were investigated. The quantitative amount of inclusions entrapped in the RDX crystallized in various solvents was related to the supersaturation. The inclusion fraction in the crystals was affected by the supersaturation and the solvent. In order to decrease the inclusion fraction, in the low supersaturation, AC and CH were recommended, while in high supersaturation, NMP and DMSO were desirable. Eventually the solvent effect on the inclusion was grasped by considering the supersaturation effect.
Species determination of Malaysian Bactrocera pests using PCR‐RFLP analyses (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Chua Tock H , Chong Yi Vern , Lim Saw Hoon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Identification of Bactrocera carambolae Drew and Hancock, B. papayae Drew and Hancock, B. tau Walker, B. latifrons Hendel, B. cucurbitae Coquillett, B. umbrosa Fabricius and B. caudata Fabricius would pose a problem if only a body part or an immature stage were available. Analysis of polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene using primers COIR, COIF, UEA7 and UEA10 and restriction enzymes (MseI, RsaI and Alu1) was carried out. The banding profiles in the electrophoresis gel were analysed.RESULTS: The COI gene in six Bactrocera spp. was successfully amplified by COIR and COIF, as well as UEA7 and UEA10, while B. caudata was amplified successfully only by UEA primers. Using COI amplified PCR products and restriction enzymes, distinct banding profiles for B. tau, B. latifrons, B. cucurbitae and B. umbrosa were observed, but not for B. carambolae and B. papayae. However, using UEA7, UEA10 and RsaI, B. caudata could be identified, while B. carambolae and B. papayae might possibly be separated from one another. It was also shown that adult body parts or immature life stages of B. carambolae, B. papayae, B. latifrons and B. cucurbitae produced the same banding profiles as the adults.CONCLUSION: PCR‐RFLP analyses are able to identify positively five Bactrocera species, while B. papayae and B. carambolae might possibly be separated from one another, even if immature life stages or adult body parts are used. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry