bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: New Fe3+/Cr3+ Perovskites with Anomalous Transport Properties: The Solid Solution LaxBi1‐xFe0.5Cr0.5O3 (0.4 ≤ x ≤ 1).
Authors: Villafuerte‐Castrejon M. E. , Garcia‐Guaderrama M. , Fuentes L. , Prado‐Gonjal J. , Gonzalez A. M. , de la Rubia M. A. , Garcia‐Hernandez M. , Moran E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe title solid solution is synthesized by calcination of a gel (900 °C, 12 h) obtained from a mixture of Bi(NO3)3, La(NO3)3, Fe(NO3)3, Cr(NO3)3, and 2‐methoxyethanol.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two New Aluminoborates with Helical Channels
Authors: Wang Guo‐Ming , Wang Pei , Li Zeng‐Xin , Huang Hai‐Lan , Wang Ying‐Xia , Lin Jian‐Hua 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe crystal structures of the new aluminoborates (III) and (V) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Topochemical Synthesis of Sodium Metal Phosphate Olivines for Sodium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Lee Kyu Tae , Ramesh T. N. , Nan F. , Botton G. , Nazar Linda F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMetastable olivine phases of crystalline Na[Mn1‐xMx]PO4 (M: Fe, Ca, Mg; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) are formed by solid state topotactic reactions of NH4 [Mn1‐xMx]PO4·H2O and excess NaOAc (65—100 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of [1,2]Isoxazolidin‐5‐ones and [1,2]Oxazin‐6‐ones.
Authors: Arfaoui Aicha , Beltaief Imen , Amri Hassen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAllyl bromides (I) and (IV) are used as precursors for the synthesis of functionalized [1,2]isoxazolidin‐5‐ones (III) and [1,2]oxazin‐6‐ones (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Benzylamines with Alkynes Through Dehydrogenation and Dehydrogenative Cyclization.
Authors: Morimoto Keisuke , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBenzylamines of type (I) or (VII) undergo oxidative coupling with alkynes under rhodium catalysis via dehydrogenation and dehydrogenative cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of β,β‐Disubstituted Enones.
Authors: Nishikawa Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA novel Fe(II)—binaphthyl‐based phenanthroline complex is successfully applied as catalyst in the asymmetric epoxidation of acyclic β,β‐disubstituted enones to give the corresponding oxiranes (II) and (V) in up to 92% optical purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylsulfur Trifluorides: Improved Method of Synthesis and Use as in situ Deoxofluorination Reagents.
Authors: Xu Wei , Martinez Henry , Dolbier William R. Jr. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn improved method for the synthesis of arylsulfur trifluorides, including the excellent, new deoxofluorination reagent Fluolead (IIb), utilizing Br2 and KF as oxidizing and fluorination reagents of aryl disulfides, resp., is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynes to Give Symmetrical 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,3‐Diynes.
Authors: Zhang Songlin , Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Tongqiang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn environmentally friendly, economic and efficient system for the homocoupling of terminal alkynes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Selective Demethylation of Heteroaryl Methyl Ethers in the Presence of Aryl Methyl Ethers.
Authors: Soni Ajay , Dutt Akhilesh , Sattigeri Viswajanani , Cliffe Ian A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new and efficient method for the demethylation of aryl as well as hetaryl methyl ethers using a combination of LiCl and TosOH is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Aldol Reactions of α‐Chloroaldehydes Provide Versatile Building Blocks for Natural Product Synthesis.
Authors: Halperin Shira D. , Kang Baldip , Britton Robert 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe reaction affords β‐chlorohydrins with good 1,2‐anti diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Asymmetric α,α‐Bisalkylation of Ketones via Complex‐Induced syn‐Deprotonation of Chiral N‐Amino Cyclic Carbamate Hydrazones.
Authors: Wengryniuk Sarah E. , Lim Daniel , Coltart Don M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe first general method for the α,α‐bisalkylation of ketones bearing α‐ and α′‐protons is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Monoalkylation of Dimethyl Alkylidenesuccinates: Simple Approach to Dialkyl‐Substituted Maleic Anhydrides Including Chaetomellic Acid A.
Authors: Kshirsagar Umesh A. , Argade Narshinha P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRegioselective generation of carbanions from substrates of type (III) is followed by alkylation and formation of the target compounds including the anhydride (Vb) of the title acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral 1,2‐Diaminocyclohexane as Organocatalyst for Enantioselective Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Junfeng , Sun Qi , Li Runtao 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUsing commercially available 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane and 1,6‐hexanedioc acid, moderate yields for the asmmetric aldol reaction are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: SN1‐Type Reactions in the Presence of Water: Indium(III)‐Promoted Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Propargylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Sinisi Riccardo , Vita Maria Victoria , Gualandi Andrea , Emer Enrico , Cozzi Pier Giorgio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractStereoselective addition of aldehydes (II) towards α‐substituted propargylic alcohols, e.g. (I), (V) and (VIII), is efficiently catalyzed by a combination of indium triflate and a spirocyclic imidazolidinone organocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium Bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide as an Efficient Catalyst for the Hydroalkylation of Aromatic Olefins with 1,3‐Diketones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Wang Hong She , Zhao Wei Xing 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOptimized conditions allow the preparation of the target compounds in short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Free Procedure for the Synthesis of S‐Aryl Dithiocarbamates Using Aryl Diazonium Fluoroborate in Water at Room Temperature.
Authors: Chatterjee Tanmay , Bhadra Sukalyan , Ranu Brindaban C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe title synthesis, endowed with several green parameters, e.g. H2O as solvent use of stable and user‐friendly diazonium tetrafluoroborate in place of diazonium chloride, is an attractive alternative for the synthesis of aryl dithiocarbamates.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionically Tagged Benzimidazole Palladium(II) Complex: Preparation and Catalytic Application in Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Zhang Li , Wu Junliang , Shi Lijun , Xia Chungu , Li Fuwei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe structurally defined TPC is prepared and successfully applied to the preparation of a broad spectrum of biaryls and diaryl ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Etherification and Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols Using Supported and Unsupported Phosphorus Pentoxide as a Heterogeneous Reagent.
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Rad Mohammad Navid Soltani , Borazjani Maryam Kiani , Saednia Shahnaz , Borazjani Mohammad Kiani , Golbaghi Maryam , Behrouz Somayeh 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe etherification and oxidation of aromatic alcohols are studied extensively.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylation of α‐Pivaloxyl Ketones with Arylboronic Reagents via Ni‐Catalyzed sp3 C—O Activation.
Authors: Huang Kun , Li Gang , Huang Wei‐Ping , Yu Da‐Gang , Shi Zhang‐Jie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe first Suzuki—Miyaura coupling of α‐pivaloxyl ketones via Ni‐catalyzed sp3 C—O activation is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Further Expansion of the trans‐Diels—Alder Paradigm: Reductive Alkylation of α‐Cyanoketones.
Authors: Peng Feng , Grote Robin E. , Danishefsky Samuel J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe ability of cis‐fused α‐cyano ketone Diels—Alder adducts (I) to undergo reductive methylation is investigated and the trans isomers are formed preferentially.
ChemInform Abstract: TBAF‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 6‐Hydroxyhex‐2‐ynoates and 7‐Hydroxyhept‐ynoates.
Authors: Wang Xiao Qing , Jia Ping Jing , Liu Su Ping , Yu Wei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe intramolecular hydroalkylation of ynoates (I) and (VI) leads to formation of cyclic enol ethers which are reduced to 2,5‐substituted tetrahydrofurans and 2,6‐substituted tetrahydropyrans.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Vilsmeier—Haack/Ring Closure Sequences: A Facile Synthesis of 3‐Chlorobenzo[b]thiophene‐2‐carbaldehydes.
Authors: Paul Nidhin , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDiphenacyl sulfides are found to react with the Vilsmeier—Haack reagent to give the title compounds in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Partial Hydrogenation of Simple Pyrroles: A Facile Access to Chiral 1‐Pyrrolines.
Authors: Wang Duo‐Sheng , Ye Zhi‐Shi , Chen Qing‐An , Zhou Yong‐Gui , Yu Chang‐Bin , Fan Hong‐Jun , Duan Ying 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDerivatization of the products is accomplished without loss of enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Bis‐indolylmethanes Using Silica Gel Supported Aluminum Chloride as a Reusable Catalyst.
Authors: Boroujeni Kaveh Parvanak , Parvanak Kamran 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSolventless grinding of indole with aldehydes or ketones allows a rapid synthesis of the desired title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: New Investigation of Vilsmeier‐Type Reaction Using Pyrazolones with Various Amides.
Authors: Huang Yu‐Ying , Kaneko Kimiyoshi , Takayama Hiroyuki , Kimura Masayuki , Wong Fung Fuh 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe reactivity and selectivity of Vilsmeier‐type reagents derived from different types of formamides with pyrazolones (I) and (IV) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Aldol Derivatives of Thioxoimidazolidinones as Potential Antiprostate Cancer Agents.
Authors: Khatik Gopal L. , Kaur Jasmine , Kumar Varun , Tikoo Kulbhushan , Venogopalan P. , Nair Vipin A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe aldol reactions of thioxoimidazolidinones (V) furnish the anti isomers (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient [2 + 2 + 1] Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted Oxazoles via Gold‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkyne Oxidation.
Authors: He Weimin , Li Chaoqun , Zhang Liming 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGold‐catalyzed alkyne oxidation generates gold carbene intermediates which smoothly react with nitriles to give title disubstituted oxazoles, e.g. (III), (V), (VII) or (X), in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Bromocyclohexane‐1,2‐dione as a Useful Reagent for Hantzsch Synthesis of Thiazoles and the Synthesis of Related Heterocycles.
Authors: Guernon Jason M. , Wu Yong‐Jin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA simple procedure is presented for the reaction of title compound (I) with thioamides, ureas, and heteroaromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Ecofriendly Synthesis of Novel Benzo‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl‐(N‐aryl)amidines and Their Conversion to Guanidines.
Authors: Philip Sophia K. , Rajasekharan K. N. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA microwave assisted method for the preparation of title compounds (III) and (V) with shorter reaction times and similar yields is also given.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel, Broad‐Spectrum Antitumor Compound Containing the 1‐Hydroxycyclohexa‐2,5‐dien‐4‐one Group: The Disclosure of a New Antitumor Pharmacophore in Protoapigenone 1.
Authors: Yuan Qianying , Liu Ziwei , Xiong Chaomei , Wu Liqian , Wang Jianping , Ruan Jinlan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study aims at further defining the minimum cytotoxic pharmacophore shared by the biflavonoid protoapigenone.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentafluorophenylammonium Triflate (PFPAT): An Efficient, Metal‐Free and Reusable Catalyst for the von Pechmann Reaction
Authors: Montazeri Naser , Khaksar Samad , Nazari Akbar , Alavi Seyedeh Soghra , Vahdat Seyed Mohammad , Tajbakhsh Mahmood 
Published: October 2011

Abstractof phenols with β‐ketoesters (12 examples)
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Thermal and Microwave‐Assisted Cyclization in the Synthesis of Baylis—Hillman‐Derived Heteropolycyclic Systems.
Authors: Ganto Mlungiseleli M. , Lee Yi‐Chen , Kaye Perry T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA conventional heating method for the synthesis of title compounds (IV) with significant lower yields is also given.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative C—H/C—H Coupling of Azine and Indole/Pyrrole Nuclei: Palladium Catalysis and Synthesis of Eudistomin U.
Authors: Yamaguchi Atsushi D. , Mandal Debashis , Yamaguchi Junichiro , Itami Kenichiro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new method for the oxidative C—H/C—H coupling of aromatic N‐oxides and indole/pyrrole nuclei is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some 2‐Aryl‐ and 2,3‐Diaryl‐quinolin‐4‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Saeed A. E. M. , Elhadi S. A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of title quinolinecarboxylic acids (IV) (18 examples) are synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Novel Naphthalimide Derivatives and Their Evaluation as Potential Melanoma Therapeutics.
Authors: Sk Ugir Hossain , Gowda A. S. Prakasha , Crampsie Melissa A. , Yun Jong K. , Spratt Thomas E. , Amin Shantu , Sharma Arun K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNaphthalimide analogues bearing isothiocyanate and thiourea functionalities are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Hydration—Condensation—Double Cyclization of Pyridine‐Substituted 2‐Alkynylanilines: An Efficient Approach to Quinoline‐Based Heterocycles.
Authors: Peng Lijie , Wang Honggen , Peng Changlan , Ding Ke , Zhu Qiang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTreatment of the starting anilines (I) with β‐keto esters, amides, or nitriles under conditions A) results in formation of quinoline‐based tetracyclic skeletons.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Mediated Expeditious Synthetic Route to 1,3‐Oxazine Derivatives.
Authors: Shinde Pravin V. , Kategaonkar Amol H. , Shingate Bapurao B. , Shingare Murlidhar S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPEG‐400 acts as promoter without the need of any additional catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 6H‐[1,3,5]Triazino[2,1‐b]quinazolin‐6‐ones.
Authors: Abbott Shaun , Cloutier Josee , Houde Karine , Penney Christopher , Zacharie Boulos 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA general reaction for the synthesis of target compounds (II) is developed through acid‐mediated cyclization of arylaminotriazines (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Cytotoxicity of 3‐C, N, S, Se Substituted Benzo[b]selenophene Derivatives.
Authors: Arsenyan Pavel , Paegle Edgars , Belyakov Sergey , Shestakova Irina , Jaschenko Elina , Domracheva Ilona , Popelis Juris 
Published: October 2011

AbstractInsertion of aryl and hetaryl groups in position 3 of benzoselenophene (I) by Stille and Sonogashira type coupling reactions and interactions of (I) with hetaryl stannanes and terminal acetylenes afford the title derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Doubly Locked 5Za15Ea‐Biliverdin Derivative: A Convergent Synthesis of the E‐anti Dipyrrole Component Locked with a 7‐Membered Ring.
Authors: Chen Liyi , Iwamoto Ryoji , Ukaji Yutaka , Inomata Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA total synthesis of the doubly locked 5Za15Ea biliverdine derivative (VI) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Methyl O‐Propargylpodocarpate and Azides at Room Temperature.
Authors: Nguyen Dao M. , Miles D. Howard 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn efficient methodology for the synthesis of novel 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives of podocarpic acid via “click” chemistry cycloaddition reactions of methyl‐O‐propargylpodocarpate and propargyl‐O‐propargylpodocarpate with azides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Ring A‐Modified Steroid Analogues Derived from Grundmann′s Ketone.
Authors: Mayer Christoph D. , Bracher Franz 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe syntheses of steroid and azasteroid analogues containing a six‐membered A‐ring with various functionalities, tetracyclic analogues bearing a five‐membered A‐ring, and bicyclic secosteroid analogues are conducted.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Fluoro‐β‐amino Acids via the Reformatsky Reaction of Chiral N‐tert‐Butylsulfinylimines with Ethyl Bromofluoroacetate.
Authors: Jing Zhi Tao , Huang Yan Gen , Qing Feng Ling 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA simple procedure is developed to give the amino acid derivatives with moderate diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Part 3. Design and Synthesis of Proline‐Derived α2δ Ligands.
Authors: Rawson David J. , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDesign and synthesis of a series of substituted benzylproline α2δ ligands with improved pharmacokinetic profile over (4S)‐phenoxyproline derivatives described previously are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: New Non‐Quinone Geldanamycin Analogues from Genetically Engineered Streptomyces hygroscopicus.
Authors: Hong Young‐Soo , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCompounds (I) are isolated as new non‐quinone geldanamycin analogues from the fermentation broth of a mutant Streptomyces hygroscopicus strain.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Cytotoxic Aryltetralin Lignans from Sinopodophyllum emodi
Authors: Sun Yan‐Jun , Li Zhan‐Lin , Chen Hong , Liu Xiao‐Qiu , Zhou Wei , Hua Hui‐Ming 
Published: October 2011

Abstractisolation, structure determination and cytotoxicity of three new aryltetralin lignans, 4‐acetyl‐4‐demethyl‐podophyllotoxin (Ia) and sinolignans A (Ib) and B (II), and the new natural products (III) along with twelve known lignans
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Synthesis of ZIF‐8: The Coexistence of ZnO Nanoneedles.
Authors: Zhu Minqi , Venna Surendar R. , Jasinski Jacek B. , Carreon Moises A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractZeolite imidazolate framework ZIF‐8 is synthesized by mixing MeOH solutions of [ZnCO3]2·[Zn(OH)2]3 and 2‐methylimidazole at room temperature and various stirring times.
ChemInform Abstract: Hetero‐Diels—Alder (HDA) Reactions of 1‐Phosphono‐1,3‐butadienes with Azo and Nitroso Dienophiles. An Entry Towards Versatile Heterocyclic Synthons for Aminophosphonic Compounds
Authors: Monbaliu Jean‐Christophe , Villemin Elise , Elias Benjamin , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReview: 158 refs.
Rapid synthesis and catalytic performance of α‐Mn2O3 single‐crystal nanowires
Authors: Yuan Xinsong , Yang Baojun , Hao Jianwen , Hu Xingming , Zhu Jinmiao , Dong Huaze , Wang Yanping 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSingle‐crystal α‐Mn2O3 nanowires were prepared via a “self‐sacrificing template” route, simply by calcining the prepared α‐MnO2 nanowire precursors at 550 °C for 1.5 h. XRD, TEM, SEM and HRTEM characterizations show that the as‐prepared α‐Mn2O3 samples are all phase pure and the nanowires have uniform diameters of approximately 15‐30 nm and lengths up to several micrometers. The catalytic performances of the prepared α‐Mn2O3 nanowires were studied in the degradation of coking wastewater with H2O2 as the oxidant, and the technological conditions were optimized by single‐factor and orthogonal experiments. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Variable‐power discrete‐rate adaptive modulation with orthogonal space–time block coding for Nakagami‐mfading channels
Authors: Yu Xiangbin , Leung Shu‐Hung , Wong Wai‐Ki 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe performance system with variable‐power adaptive modulation over Nakagami‐mfading channels is presented. The optimum switching thresholds for attaining maximum spectrum efficiency (SE) subject to a target bit error rate (BER) and an average power constraint are derived. The existence and uniqueness of the Lagrange multiplier used in the constrained optimization are discussed. The probability density functions of instantaneous signal‐to‐noise ratio for both perfect and imperfect channel state information are derived, which lead to deriving closed‐form SE and BER expressions. Simulation results show that the theoretical analysis and simulation are in good agreement. The variable‐power adaptive modulation with space–time coding provides SE better than the constant power counterpart, and it has performance degradation in SE and BER for imperfect channel state information. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CARROT AND STICK: HOW RE‐EMPLOYMENT BONUSES AND BENEFIT SANCTIONS AFFECT EXIT RATES FROM WELFARE
Authors: Van der Klaauw Bas , Van Ours Jan C. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYTo increase the exit from welfare, benefit recipients in the municipality of Rotterdam were exposed to various financial incentives. Once their benefit spell exceeded one year, welfare recipients were entitled to a re‐employment bonus if they found a job that lasted at least 6 months. However, they could also be punished for noncompliance with eligibility requirements and face a sanction, i.e. a temporary reduction of their benefits. We find that the financial sticks in the form of benefit sanctions were effective in stimulating the exit from welfare, while the financial carrots in the form of re‐employment bonuses were not. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Searching surface orientation of microscopic objects for accurate 3D shape recovery
Authors: Shim Seong‐O , Mahmood Muhammad Tariq , Choi Tae‐Sun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this article, we propose a new shape from focus (SFF) method to estimate 3D shape of microscopic objects using surface orientation cue of each object patch. Most of the SFF algorithms compute the focus value of a pixel from the information of neighboring pixels lying on the same image frame based on an assumption that the small object patch corresponding to the small neighborhood of a pixel is a plane parallel to the focal plane. However, this assumption fails in the optics with limited depth of field where the neighboring pixels of an image have different degree of focus. To overcome this problem, we try to search the surface orientation of the small object patch corresponding to each pixel in the image sequence. Searching of the surface orientation is done indirectly by principal component analysis. Then, the focus value of each pixel is computed from the neighboring pixels lying on the surface perpendicular to the corresponding surface orientation. Experimental results on synthetic and real microscopic objects show that the proposed method produces more accurate 3D shape in comparison to the existing techniques. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A robust weakly compressible SPH method and its comparison with an incompressible SPH
Authors: Shadloo Mostafa Safdari , Zainali Amir , Yildiz Mehmet , Suleman Afzal 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a comparative study for the weakly compressible (WCSPH) and incompressible (ISPH) smoothed particle hydrodynamics methods by providing numerical solutions for fluid flows over an airfoil and a square obstacle. Improved WCSPH and ISPH techniques are used to solve these two bluff body flow problems. It is shown that both approaches can handle complex geometries using the multiple boundary tangents (MBT) method, and eliminate particle clustering‐induced instabilities with the implementation of a particle fracture repair procedure as well as the corrected SPH discretization scheme. WCSPH and ISPH simulation results are compared and validated with those of a finite element method (FEM). The quantitative comparisons of WCSPH, ISPH and FEM results in terms of Strouhal number for the square obstacle test case, and the pressure envelope, surface traction forces, and velocity gradients on the airfoil boundaries as well as the lift and drag values for the airfoil geometry indicate that the WCSPH method with the suggested implementation produces numerical results as accurate and reliable as those of the ISPH and FEM methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.