bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple implementation of control gate signals for the interleaved LLC resonant converter for high current application
Authors: Kim Myung‐Bok , Moon Gun‐Woo , Youn Myung‐Joong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA novel method of the gate signal generation for the interleaved LLC converter is proposed, which is based on the relationship between the output signal of a toggle flip‐flop having the double period of the input clock signal and the output gate signal of the LLC controller having almost half‐duty cycle. The gate signals for the master and slave converters are generated using the rising and falling edge instants from the original control gate signal of the controller, respectively. Therefore, the required 90° phase difference between two signals can be always kept at any instant and at any output load condition. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel energy‐retaining inverter for AC arc welding machines
Authors: Wang Jian‐Min , Wu Sen‐Tung , Chiu Huang‐Jen 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYA novel energy‐retaining power supply for AC arc welding machines is proposed in this paper. In this kind of power supply, current‐steering diodes connected across the output chokes keep the inductor current continuous and retain the energy during the commutation period, hence reducing the commutation time to ensure a better welding performance. In addition, the stored energy can be released in the next energy transfer cycle to raise the conversion efficiency. The circuit operations and design procedures are likewise examined thoroughly. Experimental results on a prototype inverter for driving a 100‐A AC arc welding machine are recorded to validate the effectiveness of the presented scheme. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An inductorless CMOS quadrature oscillator continuously tuneable from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz
Authors: Oliveira Luis Bica , Snelling Erik T. , Fernandes Jorge R. , Silva Manuel M. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYModern RF front‐ends require wide tuning‐range oscillators with quadrature outputs. In this paper we present a two‐integrator quadrature oscillator, which covers the whole bandwidth of UWB applications. A circuit prototype in a 130 nm CMOS technology is continuously tuneable from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The circuit die area is less than 0.013mm2, leading to a figure‐of‐merit FOMA of −176.7dBc/Hz at the upper frequency. The supply voltage is 1.2 V, and the power consumption is 7 mW at the lower frequency and 13 mW at the upper frequency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent, CPUY11018, on rat atrial fibrillation
Authors: Guo Xiang , Chen Chun‐Lin , Yang Qian , Yin Yue‐Miao , You Qi‐Dong , Tang Yi‐Qun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCPUY11018 has anti‐atrial fibrillation (AF) effects in rats. The effects of CPUY11018 on the transient outward K+ current (Ito) and ultra‐rapid delayed rectifier K+ current (IKur) were studied using whole‐cell patch clamp techniques and an acetylcholine (ACh)‐CaCl2 induced AF model. CPUY11018 inhibited Ito and IKur in a concentration‐dependent manner with IC50 values of 18.5 and 1.7 µM, respectively. Inhibition was independent of the depolarizing voltage. In the AF ACh‐CaCl2 model, AF duration was effectively shortened after treatment with 5 mg/kg CPUY11018 for 4 days. These results indicate that CPUY11018 is effective in treating AF partly by blocking Ito and IKur. Drug Dev Res 71, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Projecting avian response to linked changes in groundwater and riparian floodplain vegetation along a dryland river: a scenario analysis
Authors: Arriana Brand L. , Stromberg Juliet C. , Goodrich David C. , Dixon Mark D. , Lansey Kevin , Kang Doosun , Brookshire David S. , Cerasale David J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGroundwater is a key driver of riparian condition on dryland rivers but is in high demand for municipal, industrial, and agricultural uses. Approaches are needed to guide decisions that balance human water needs while conserving riparian ecosystems. We developed a space‐for‐time substitution model that links groundwater change scenarios implemented within a Decision Support System (DSS) with proportions of floodplain vegetation types and abundances of breeding and migratory birds along the upper San Pedro River, AZ, USA. We investigated nine scenarios ranging from groundwater depletion to recharge. In groundwater decline scenarios, relative proportions of tall‐canopied obligate phreatophytes (Populus/Salix, cottonwood/willow) on the floodplain progressively decline, and shrubbier species less dependent on permanent water sources (e.g.Tamarixspp., saltcedar) increase. These scenarios result in broad shifts in the composition of the breeding bird community, with canopy‐nesting and water‐obligate birds declining but midstory nesting birds increasing in abundance as groundwater declines. For the most extreme draw‐down scenario where all reaches undergo groundwater declines, models project that only 10% of the upper San Pedro floodplain would be comprised of cottonwood/willow (73% saltcedar and 18% mesquite), and abundances of canopy‐nesting, water‐obligate, and spring migrant birds would decline 48%, 72%, and 40%, respectively. Groundwater recharge scenarios were associated with increases in canopy‐nesting birds particularly given the extreme recharge scenario (all reaches regain shallow water tables and perennial streamflow). Model outputs serve to assess the sensitivity of biotic groups to potential changes in groundwater and thus to rank scenarios based on their expected ecological impacts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Notch ligands transduce different magnitudes of signaling critical for determination of T‐cell fate
Authors: Abe Natsumi , Hozumi Katsuto , Hirano Ken‐ichi , Yagita Hideo , Habu Sonoko 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNotch signaling mediated by Delta‐like (Dll) 4 is essential and sufficient for T‐cell development in vivo. Stromal cells expressing Dll4 or Dll1, but not Jagged1, support T lymphopoiesis in vitro, but the molecular basis of this functional divergence among Notch ligands remains to be clarified. To examine this, we constructed chimeric variants composed of Dll4 and Jagged1. The intracellular regions were necessary, but interchangeable, for signal induction, and the extracellular regions determined the unique characteristics of the ligands. While Jagged1 induced minimal Notch signaling, Jagged2 elicited substantial levels of Hes1 transcripts and promoted T lymphopoiesis in vitro. Dll4 and Jagged2 showed a quantitative advantage when bound to fringe‐modified Notch; this was not due to the Delta‐Serrate‐Lag2 domain, an extracellular region essential for interaction with Notch. These results suggest that different Notch ligands possess distinct potentials for the induction of Notch signaling through unique interactions of their extracellular regions with fringe‐modified Notch. Furthermore, the magnitude of Notch signaling induced is critical for the determination of T‐cell fate.
Copper(I) Trinuclear Phosphorescent Complexes with Tuneable Optical and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Andrés‐Tomé Inmaculada , Winscom Christopher J. , Coppo Paolo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNovel CuI trinuclear complexes carrying a range of alkynyl ligands with different electronic structure have been prepared. They have high quantum yields of photoluminescence. The energy, as well as the lifetime of the triplet state emission, can be tuned to a large extent by careful choice of the alkynyl ligand, making these complexes suitable candidates for application either in optoelectronic devices or in time‐resolved and gated luminescence detection. The nature of the excited state has been identified as a metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state.
Thermally oxidized palm olein exposure increases triglyceride polymer levels in rat small intestine
Authors: David Raul Olivero , González‐Muñoz María José , Benedí Juana , Bastida Sara , Sánchez‐Muniz Francisco J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe origin and presence of triglyceride polymers in small intestine have been poorly studied. The present study combined a short in vivo absorption experiment and high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography determination. Groups of six male Wistar rats were administered by esophageal probe 1 g/100 g body weight unused palm olein and palm oleins used in 40 and 90 potato frying operations. Small intestines were dissected, cleaned of luminal fat, and analyzed for the presence of triglyceride polymers (oligomers and/or dimers) after 4 h oil administration. The intestinal fat content did not change but the polymers content was positively and significantly correlated (r = 0.5983; p<0.01) with the amount of polymers present in the oil tested. The small intestine contained 5.05 mg [median and percentile 25 (1.57 mg)–percentile 75 (10.40 mg)] of polymers after 4‐h exposure to palm olein used for frying 90 times. The results suggested that 2.7–4.9% of the triglyceride polymers administered were present in the small intestine 4 h after ingestion. TBARS levels (p<0.05) and the redox index (oxidized glutathione/total glutathione) (p<0.01) in the small intestine increased significantly after exposure to the palm olein used in 90 frying operations. In conclusion, administration of altered oil increased the presence of resynthesized polymers in the small intestine, thus contributing to small intestine oxidative stress.
Commercial sugars as substrates for lipid accumulation in Cunninghamella echinulata and Mortierella isabellina fungi
Authors: Chatzifragkou Afroditi , Fakas Stylianos , Galiotou‐Panayotou Maria , Komaitis Michael , Aggelis George , Papanikolaou Seraphim 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCunninghamella echinulata and Mortierella isabellina, fungi capable of accumulating single cell oil (SCO) containing γ‐linolenic acid (GLA), were cultivated on sugar‐based media, at initial substrate concentration 60 g/L. It was demonstrated that the carbon source plays an essential role on lipid accumulation process. Especially, on glucose, C. echinulata produced 3.9 g/L lipids containing 19.5% GLA, whereas M. isabellina achieved 9.9 g/L of lipid, containing 3.5% GLA. Growth on fructose was also satisfactory for both microorganisms. Although M. isabellina failed to grow adequately on saccharose, C. echinulata presented appreciable biomass production of 17.6 g/L, containing 18% of fat. Extra‐cellular invertase activity was also detected in the case of C. echinulata cultures, achieving 0.5 U/mL. Both molds presented satisfactory growth on molasses, with significant amounts of SCO and GLA produced, accompanied by non‐negligible substrate decolorization. Scaling‐up in a 3‐L bioreactor of M. isabellina with glucose as a substrate resulted in 17.5 g/L of biomass, containing 12.7 g/L of lipid. Finally, fractionation of cellular lipid for both strains showed that neutral lipids represented about 90–92% w/w upon total accumulated lipids, whilst fractions of glycolipids plus sphingolipids and phospholipids were 6–7 and 3–4%, respectively.
A comparative study of South Asian and non‐Asian referrals to an eating disorders service in Leicester, UK
Authors: Abbas S. , Damani S. , Malik I. , Button E. , Aldridge S. , Palmer R. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLiterature on eating disorders (EDs) among South Asian people in Britain is limited. In an extension of an earlier study, referrals to the Leicester Adult Eating Disorders Service were examined between 1991 and 2005. All South‐Asians presenting to the service were compared on age, gender and diagnosis with non‐Asians. Female Asian patients diagnosed as bulimia nervosa and ED not otherwise specified were compared on a larger number of variables with the same number of non‐Asian patients matched for diagnosis. As there were only six Asian patients with anorexia nervosa they were excluded from this comparison. Only 4.5% of female patients were Asian, as opposed to 13.8% of the local young female population in the most recent UK census. Overall, Asian women were significantly younger than the non‐Asians but did not differ significantly with regard to clinical features or treatment variables. Asians are under‐represented amongst women presenting to the service. The explanation for this remains uncertain. Overall, Asian sufferers who reach secondary specialist services closely resemble non‐Asian patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Monitoring acute and chronic water column toxicity in the Northern Sacramento–San Joaquin Estuary, California, USA, using the euryhaline amphipod,Hyalella azteca: 2006 to 2007
Authors: Werner Inge , Deanovic Linda A. , Markiewicz Dan , Khamphanh Manisay , Reece Charles K. , Stillway Marie , Reece Charissa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAfter the significant population decline of several pelagic fish species in the Northern Sacramento–San Joaquin (SSJ) Estuary (CA, USA) in 2002, a study was performed to monitor water column toxicity using the amphipod Hyalella azteca. From January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007, water samples were collected biweekly from 15 to 16 sites located in large delta channels and main-stem rivers, selected based on prevalent distribution patterns of fish species of concern. Ten-day laboratory tests with H. azteca survival and relative growth as toxicity endpoints were conducted. The enzyme inhibitor piperonyl butoxide ([PBO], 25 µg/L) was added to synergize or antagonize pyrethroid or organophosphate (OP) insecticide toxicity, respectively. Significant amphipod mortality was observed in 5.6% of ambient samples. Addition of PBO significantly changed survival or growth in 1.1% and 10.1% of ambient samples, respectively. Sites in the Lower Sacramento River had the largest number of acutely toxic samples, high occurrence of PBO effects on amphipod growth (along with sites in the South Delta), and the highest total ammonia/ammonium concentrations (0.28 ± 0.15 mg/L). Ammonia/ammonium, or contaminants occurring in mixture with these, likely contributed to the observed toxicity. Pyrethroid insecticides were detected at potentially toxic concentrations. Overall, results of this study identified specific areas and contaminants of concern and showed that water in the Northern SSJ Estuary was at times acutely toxic to sensitive invertebrates. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2190–2199. © 2010 SETAC
Chronic copper toxicity in the estuarine copepodAcartia tonsaat different salinities
Authors: Lauer Mariana M. , Bianchini Adalto 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChronic Cu toxicity was evaluated in the euryhaline copepod Acartia tonsa. Male and female copepods were exposed (6 d) separately to different combinations of Cu concentration and water salinity (5, 15, and 30 ppt) using different routes of exposure (waterborne, waterborne plus dietborne, and dietborne). After exposure, groups of one male and three female copepods were allowed to reproduce for 24 h. In control copepods, egg production augmented with increasing water salinity. However, egg hatching rate did not change. Copper exposure reduced egg production and hatching rate in all water salinities tested, but the reproductive response was dependent on the route of Cu exposure. Median effective concentration (EC50) values for egg production after waterborne exposure were 9.9, 36.8, and 48.8 µg/L dissolved Cu at water salinities of 5, 15, and 30 ppt, respectively. For waterborne plus dietborne exposure, they were significantly higher (40.1, 63.7, and 109.9 µg /L, respectively). After dietborne exposure, approximately 40% decrease in egg production was observed, independently of Cu concentration and water salinity tested. At water salinities of 5 and 30 ppt, egg hatching rate reduced after waterborne exposure, together or not with the dietborne exposure. At water salinity of 15 ppt, Cu toxicity was only observed after dietborne exposure. Data indicate that egg production is a more reliable reproductive endpoint to measure chronic Cu toxicity in copepods than egg hatching rate in a wide range of water salinities. They also suggest that both water salinity and route of Cu exposure should be taken into account in the development of a chronic biotic ligand model version for estuarine and marine environments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2297–2303. © 2010 SETAC
Numerical study of the atmospheric flow over a coastal cliff
Authors: Pires Luciana B. M. , de Souza Leandro Franco , Fisch Gilberto , Gielow Ralf 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis work presents a numerical method suitable for the study of the development of internal boundary layers (IBL) and their characteristics for flows over various types of coastal cliffs. The IBL is an important meteorological occurrence for flows with surface roughness and topographical step changes. A two‐dimensional flow program was used for this study. The governing equations were written using the vorticity–velocity formulation. The spatial derivatives were discretized by high‐order compact finite differences schemes. The time integration was performed with a low storage fourth‐order Runge–Kutta scheme. The coastal cliff (step) was specified through an immersed boundary method. The validation of the code was done by comparison of the results with experimental and observational data. The numerical simulations were carried out for different coastal cliff heights and inclinations. The results show that the predominant factors for the height of the IBL and its characteristics are the upstream velocity, and the height and form (inclination) of the coastal cliff. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wo die Ärzte wirklich fehlen
Authors: Schölmerich Jürgen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDer Klinischen Forschung in Deutschland geht der Nachwuchs aus. Nur bessere Ausbildungs‐ und Karrierewege können bleibende Schäden für Wissenschaft und Patienten verhindern. In der Pflicht sind die Medizinischen Fakultäten und die Politik.
Performance and Evaluation of a Fuel Cell–Thermoelectric Generator Hybrid System
Authors: Chen X. , Pan Y. , Chen J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA hybrid system consisting of a solid oxide fuel cell, a semiconductor thermoelectric generator and a regenerator is put forward. Expressions for the efficiencies and power outputs of the fuel cell, thermoelectric generator and hybrid system are derived. The relation between the electric currents in the fuel cell and thermoelectric generator is revealed. The maximum efficiency and power output of the hybrid system are calculated numerically. The optimally operating electric currents in the fuel cell and thermoelectric generator are calculated and consequently the optimal region of the hybrid system is determined. The results obtained here will provide some guidance for further understanding the performance and operation of practical fuel cell–thermoelectric generator hybrid systems.
Atmospheric Plasma Deposition: A New Pathway in the Design of Conducting Polymer‐Based Anodes for Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Authors: Michel M. , Bour J. , Petersen J. , Arnoult C. , Ettingshausen F. , Roth C. , Ruch D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, we explored thin films of nanofibrous functionalised conducting plasma polyaniline (pPANI) with platinum deposited by an atmospheric plasma deposition process for the potential design of anodes for hydrogen fuel cell applications. We observed that the incorporation of such a polymer, characterised by both electronic and ionic conductivity, associated with a catalyst in a 3D porous network, could lead to an increased probability of the three‐phase contact to occur. In this context, aniline was mixed with functionalised platinum nanoparticles and used as the precursor. The role of these functionalised nanoparticles was not only to act as the catalyst for fuel cell purposes, but also as nucleation sites promoting the formation of the nanofibrous pPANI thin film during the plasma polymerisation. The morphology of the thin film was analysed by scanning electron microscopy and the efficiency, in terms of energy conversion, was assessed in a single fuel cell test bench.
Treating depression in disabled, low‐income elderly: a conceptual model and recommendations for care
Authors: Areán Patricia A. , Mackin Scott , Vargas‐Dwyer Eleanor , Raue Patrick , Sirey Jo Anne , Kanellopolos Dora , Alexopoulos George S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of depression in low‐income older adults who live in poverty is complicated by several factors. Poor access to resources, disability, and mild cognitive impairment are the main factors that moderate treatment effects in this population. Interventions that not only address the depressive syndrome but also manage social adversity are sorely needed to help this patient population recover from depression.MethodsThis paper is a literature review of correlates of depression in late life. In the review we propose a treatment model that combines case management (CM) to address social adversity with problem solving treatment (PST) to address the depressive syndrome.ResultsWe present the case of Mr Z, an older gentleman living in poverty who is also depressed and physically disabled. In this case we illustrate how the combination of CM and PST can work together to ameliorate depression.ConclusionsThe combination of age, disability, and social adversity complicates the management and treatment of depression. CM and PST are interventions that work synergistically to overcome depression and manage social problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X‐ray crystal structure, NMR parameters, and conformational study of α‐aminopropanephosphonic acid
Authors: Bashall Alan P. , Crowder John , Dronia Hagen , Hägele Gerhard , Hudson Harry R. , Lee Rosalind J. , McPartlin Mary , Matthews Ray W. , Ollig Johannes 
Published: July 2010

AbstractX‐ray structural data for α‐aminopropanephosphonic acid (APPA), together with 1H NMR spectroscopy including PANIC and WIN‐DAISY spectral simulation, and theoretical calculations using the programs VAMP 4.4 (PM3) and GAUSSIAN 92 (3–21G**), confirm an antistaggered relationship between the methyl and phosphonic acid groups in this zwitterionic compound, both in the solid state and in aqueous solution. 31P{1H} and 13C{1H}‐NMR controlled titrations provide information on pKa values, proton exchange, ion‐specific chemical shifts, and coupling constants in solution. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:314–325, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20609