bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of osmotic‐release oral system methylphenidate on different domains of attention and executive functioning in children with attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder
Authors: BLUM NATHAN J , JAWAD ABBAS F , CLARKE ANGELA T , POWER THOMAS J 
Published: May 2011

Aim  This study investigated whether components of attention and executive functioning improve when children with attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are treated with osmotic‐release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate.Method  Thirty children (24 males, six females; mean age 8y 6mo, SD 1y 11mo; range 6y 5mo –12y 6mo) with ADHD combined type participated in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial with the child’s clinically most effective dose as identified with a systematic open‐label titration procedure. After 1 week on each treatment (placebo and OROS methylphenidate), a neuropsychological battery that assessed sustained attention, selective attention, attentional control, response inhibition, and working memory was administered. This battery included the Gordon Diagnostic System, seven subtests of the Test of Everyday Attention for Children, and two tests of working memory.Results  Performance on two of three tests of response inhibition improved on OROS methylphenidate compared with placebo (p<0.01). Performance on one of two tasks assessing attentional control and one of five measures assessing sustained attention demonstrated clear improvement. There was no improvement on the two tasks assessing selective attention or the two tasks assessing working memory.Interpretation  When OROS methylphenidate was used to treat children with ADHD at the clinically most effective dose, general improvement was noted on tasks requiring response inhibition; response to treatment in other domains was either variable or not demonstrated.
Emotional words impact the mind but not the body: Evidence from pupillary responses
Authors: Bayer Mareike , Sommer Werner , Schacht Annekathrin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPupillary responses have been shown to be sensitive to both task load and emotional content. We investigated the interplay of these factors in the processing of single words that varied in emotional valence and arousal. Two tasks of different cognitive load, uninstructed reading and a lexical decision task, were employed, followed by an unannounced recognition task. Reaction times were faster and incidental memory performance was better for high‐arousing than for low‐arousing words. In contrast to previous findings for pictures and sounds, high‐arousing words elicited smaller pupillary responses than low‐arousing words; these effects were independent of task load, which increased pupil diameter. Therefore, emotional arousal attributed to words does not mandatorily activate the autonomic nervous system, but rather works on a cognitive level, facilitating word processing.
Support as a complement, intrusion and right – evidence from ageing and disability support service users in Sweden and Australia
Authors: Laragy Carmel , Fisher Karen R. , Cedersund Elisabet , Campbell‐McLean Carolyn 
Published: May 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 745–753

Support as a complement, intrusion and right – evidence from ageing and disability support service users in Sweden and AustraliaHow service users conceptualise their personal support services is under researched, even though this understanding is important for responsive policy development and service implementation. This paper tests the proposition that service users understand formal support in three ways: support is a complement to their other arrangements, an intrusion into their personal life and a right. These three concepts were identified using discourse analysis in a Swedish study of older people wanting in‐home support services. To test generalisability of these concepts, they were applied to data from an Australian study of people using disability personal support. The analysis found that the three concepts were core to people’s views of their support, although the construction of the concepts differed in the two countries. Service users in Sweden asserted their right to services more forcefully than those in Australia, and they had higher expectations that their support needs would be met. These differences reflect the impact of each country’s social policy environment on service users’ expectations. The analysis suggests that service users and their families want to control their formal support arrangements to complement their informal care and their life preferences and to minimise the intrusive aspects of formal support. The findings imply that the three concepts have utility for theorising service users’ perspectives, informing policy and developing implementation strategies which enhance peoples’ quality of life.
Increased self‐awareness in the process of returning to work
Authors: Haugstvedt Karen Therese Sulheim , Hallberg Ulrika , Graff‐Iversen Sidsel , Sørensen Marit , Haugli Liv 
Published: May 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 762–770

Increased self‐awareness in the process of returning to workBackground:  A group of employees on sick leave, living in the Oslo area, Norway, was offered participation in a counselling programme, based on Gestalt theory, mindfulness and phenomenological understanding of the body.Aims:  To explore the participants’ processes of change related to their increased ability to work.Method design:  This qualitative study is based on modified grounded theory.Method:  A total of 12 female employees, all who had increased work ability 1 year after the programme, participated in open focus‐group interviews at the end of the programme.Findings:  The participants’ experiences from processes of change are described through the following categories: becoming more aware of one’s own thoughts, emotions and bodily reactions; taking oneself seriously and accepting oneself; being secure enough to face being challenged; realizing new possibilities and choices and trying out new ways of acting. The participants further described what had been helpful in these processes. Experience of a secure setting and open‐minded listening seemed important for getting the courage to open up to all reactions. Then, they could explore new ways of thinking, communicating and behaving. Discussing existential issues such as their core values was important. This, together with being allowed to take their own emotions seriously and being challenged by the counsellors, had encouraged the processes of change.Conclusions:  The women described how experiences of increased awareness contributed to reconstruction of their self‐understanding and opened up for new possibilities. This seemed to have provided them with new ways of communicating and acting, which enhanced participation in work. The context of the learning programme, the existential issues and counselling challenges appeared as essential in these processes of change. The findings give insights into aspects that may be important when designing rehabilitation programmes.
A proof‐of‐concept, randomized, placebo‐controlled, multiple cross‐overs (n‐of‐1) study of naftazone in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Rascol Olivier , Ferreira Joaquim , Nègre‐Pages Laurence , Perez‐Lloret Santiago , Lacomblez Lucette , Galitzky Monique , Lemarié Jean‐Christophe , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Brotchie Jonathan M. , Bossi Laura 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTo explore for the first time the tolerability and efficacy of naftazone in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Proof‐of‐concept, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multiple‐cross‐over n‐of‐1 study in patients with PD with wearing‐off and dyskinesias. Naftazone was titrated up to 120 mg/day during an initial single‐blind dose‐finding phase. Seven patients entered the placebo‐controlled phase (four consecutive 28‐day cross‐overs). Three outcome measures were used to collect preliminary indices of efficacy: (i) 48‐h ON‐OFF diaries; (ii) Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III while ON; (iii) seven‐point Likert scale to assess “patients’ discomfort caused by dyskinesias” (Q1) and ‘disability during OFF‐periods’ (Q2). A ‘responder’ analysis (proportion of patients with mean treatment effect [naftazone minus placebo] favoring naftazone over the 4 cross‐over periods) was used. Treatment effects were derived from mixed‐effects anova. On diaries, 5/7 patients responded to naftazone for ‘ON‐time with troublesome dyskinesia’ (reduced time, treatment effect: −49 [95% CI: −93/−4] min, P = 0.03), 6/7 regarding ‘ON‐time without troublesome dyskinesia’ (increased time, treatment effect: 35 [−19/88], P = 0.2). No trend was observed for ‘OFF’ time. There were 7/7 ‘responders’ regarding UPDRSIII (reduced score, treatment effect: −2.1[−4.5/0.2], P = 0.08). The 7‐point scales did not show clear trends in favor of naftazone (3/7 responders for Q1 and 4/7 for Q2). Four of the seven patients reported adverse events after randomization, mostly related to the CNS (mild: 2, severe: 2). These pilot findings are consistent with preclinical data in primates and support the hypothesis that naftazone may have antiparkinsonian and antidyskinetic effects in humans that deserve further clinical investigation.
Colonic, ureteral, and vascular injuries secondary to stick impalement in a dog
Authors: Menard Julie , Schoeffler Gretchen L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective –To report the surgical repair, case management, and outcome of a dog with sepsis and severe intraabdominal trauma secondary to a penetrating stick injury.Case or Series Summary –A 1.5‐year‐old, spayed female, mixed‐breed dog was presented to the emergency service after incurring a small laceration on the medial aspect of the left pelvic limb while running in the woods. The wound was surgically explored and a primary closure achieved. The patient was discharged the same day with oral antimicrobial therapy. The following morning the dog was represented to the emergency service for acute vomiting. Abdominal radiographs were performed and demonstrated loss of serosal detail and pneumoperitoneum. An emergency celiotomy was performed and revealed distal colonic perforation, left ureteral laceration, and lacerations of the left common iliac vein. Ureteronephrectomy, as well as primary closure of the distal colonic perforation and left common iliac vein lacerations, were performed. The patient recovered and was ultimately discharged from the hospital 5 days later. Follow‐up 1 year later revealed no significant physical exam or biochemical abnormalities.New or Unique Information Provided –A seemingly benign penetrating stick injury initially deemed to be superficial in nature was later demonstrated to have resulted in sepsis following severe intraabdominal trauma that included lacerations of the distal colon, left ureter, and left common iliac vein in a dog. Successful surgical management and intensive care led to a full recovery without any residual impairment noted a year later.
Public Managers as the Missing Variable in Policy Studies: An Empirical Investigation Using Canadian Data
Authors: Howlett Michael 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe article draws on survey data from a 2007–09 study of Canadian policy analysts to assess several propositions concerning the role of public managers in policy‐making. It is argued that little is known and much taken for granted concerning the role public managers play in policy making. The discussion begins with a conceptual discussion of the nature of policy advice systems in modern governments and situates public managers among the range of actors who affect different stages of policy making activity. Propositions derived from this conceptual discussion are then subject to empirical analysis using a large‐n 2007–09 Canadian federal, provincial, and territorial dataset.
The Era of State Energy Policy Innovation: A Review of Policy Instruments
Authors: Carley Sanya 
Published: May 2011

AbstractU.S. energy and climate policy has evolved from the bottom‐up, led by state governments, and internationally recognized for the use of unconventional and innovative policy instruments. This study focuses on policy instruments adopted throughout the era of state energy policy innovation that aim to diversify, decentralize, and decarbonize the electricity sector. Specific attention is devoted to the renewable portfolio standard, net metering, interconnection standards, tax incentives, public benefit funds, and energy efficiency resource standards. This analysis synthesizes the findings from the energy policy literature and provides a summary of the current state of understanding about the effects of various state energy policy instruments, and concludes with a discussion of broader trends that have emerged from the use of policy instruments in the state energy policy innovation era.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus in spontaneously aborted products of conception
Authors: SKOCZYŃSKI MARIUSZ , GOŹDZICKA‐JÓZEFIAK ANNA , KWAŚNIEWSKA ANNA 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTObjective. To compare the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in placentas from women with spontaneous abortions and from control women after term delivery. Design. Cross‐sectional study. Setting. Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin (Poland). Population. Patients whose spontaneous abortions occurred between the 6th and the 16th week of pregnancy (n=51), and women after term delivery (n=78). Method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Main outcome measures. HPV DNA prevalence rate and the fraction of HPV 16/18 infections in aborted products of conception and placentas. Results. Patients with spontaneous abortion did not differ from the controls in terms of mean age and the fraction of primiparas. The DNA of HPV was detected in 17.7% of aborted products of conception and in 24.4% of placentas from term deliveries. The aborted products of conception and full‐term placentas were positive for HPV 16/18 in 11.8 and 12.8% cases, respectively. Patients whose material was positive for HPV DNA or those with confirmed HPV 16/18 did not differ significantly from HPV‐negative women in terms of mean age and the fraction of primiparas. Conclusions. The HPV 16/18 infection rate does not seem be higher in cases of spontaneous abortions. Nevertheless, further study of the consequences of HPV infection in pregnancy is still needed.
Risk factors for sedation‐related events during procedural sedation in the emergency department
Authors: Taylor David McD , Bell Anthony , Holdgate Anna , MacBean Catherine , Huynh Truc , Thom Ogilvie , Augello Michael , Millar Robert , Day Robert , Williams Aled , Ritchie Peter , Pasco John 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:To determine the nature, incidence and risk factors for sedation‐related events during ED procedural sedation, with particular focus on the drugs administered.Methods:Eleven Australian EDs enrolled consecutive adult and paediatric patients between January 2006 and December 2008. Patients were included if a sedative drug was administered for an ED procedure. Data collection was prospective and employed a specifically designed form. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to determine risk factors for sedation‐related events.Results:Two thousand, six hundred and twenty‐three patients were enrolled (60.3% male, mean age 39.2 years). Reductions of fracture/dislocations of shoulders, wrists and ankles were most common. Four hundred and sixty‐one (17.6%) cases experienced at least one airway event that required intervention. Airway obstruction, hypoventilation and desaturation occurred in 12.7%, 6.4% and 3.7% of all patients, respectively. Two thousand, one hundred and forty‐six cases had complete datasets for further analyses. Increasing age and level of sedation, pre‐medication with fentanyl, and sedation with propofol, midazolam or fentanyl were risk factors for an airway event (P< 0.05). Ketamine was a protective factor. Hypotension (systolic pressure <80 mmHg) occurred in 34 (1.6%) cases with midazolam being a significant risk factor (P< 0.001). Vomiting also occurred in 34 (1.6%) cases, 12 of whom required an intervention. One patient aspirated. Vomiting occurred after administration of all drugs but was not associated with fasting status. Other events were rare.Conclusions:Sedation‐related events, especially airway events, are common but very rarely have an adverse outcome. Elderly patients, deeply sedated with short‐acting agents, are at particular risk. The results will help tailor sedation to individual patients.
Zoledronic acid to prevent bone loss in Chinese men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: YEE Chi‐hang , NG Chi‐fai , WONG Annie YF , CHAN Chi‐kowk , HOU See‐ming , YIP Sidney KH 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim:  To explore the bone mineral density (BMD) preservation effect of zoledronic acid and its renal safety and tolerability in Chinese patients with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).Methods:  Overall 26 prostate cancer patients with ADT were given zoledronic acid 4 mg by a 15‐min i.v. infusion every 3 months for up to 12 months. Assessment was made at baseline and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry was used to measure the BMD of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck at baseline and 12 months.Results:  A total of 23 of 26 recruited patients completed the study. Seven patients had bone metastases. The overall mean increase in BMD (T‐score) of the lumbar spine and femoral head from baseline to follow up at 12 months was significant (−2.32 ± 0.98 to −2.03 ± 1.08, P = 0.02 and −1.77 ± 0.72 to −1.63 ± 0.76, P = 0.01, respectively). In subgroup analyses, significant BMD improvement was observed independent of the status of bone metastasis and the means of ADT. Zoledronic acid had no adverse effect on renal function. Adverse events related to zoledronic acid were minimal.Conclusion:  Zoledronic acid administered every 3 months significantly increased BMD in prostate cancer patients receiving ADT. It had a satisfactory adverse event profile and imposed minimal risk on patients' renal function.
Radioimmunotherapy with 131I‐rituximab for patients with relapsed/refractory B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)
Authors: KANG Hye J , LEE Seung S , KIM Kyeong M , CHOI Tae H , CHEON Gi J , KIM Won S , SUH Cheolwon , YANG Sung H , LIM Sang M 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with radioiodinated human/murine chimeric anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (131I‐rituximab) for treating Korean patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL).Methods:  All patients received unlabeled rituximab 70 mg immediately prior to the administration of a therapeutic dose (median dose: 7.3 GBq) of 131I‐rituximab. The tumor response was evaluated 1 month later by contrast enhanced 18F‐fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography‐computed tomography.Results:  Between May 2004 and October 2006, 24 patients received single treatment with 131I‐rituximab. The overall response rate (ORR) was 29%; 46% (three complete responses, two partial responses (PR) for patients with low grade B‐cell NHL (LGL) and 9% (one PR) for patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). After a median follow‐up of 55 months, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) for all the patients was 2.2 months. The median overall survival (OS) was 11.3 months. There were statistically significant differences between the LGL and the DLBCL for the median PFS (4.5 months vs 1.3 months, respectively, P = 0.0007) and the median OS (30.3 months vs 6.5 months, respectively, P = 0.0295). Grades 3–4 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia occurred in 33% (8/24) and 21% (5/24) of the patients, respectively.Conclusion:  RIT with 131I‐rituximab seems to be effective and tolerable for patients with refractory LGL, although this treatment had modest activity in patients with refractory DLBCL. Further studies are warranted to determine the efficacy of 131I‐rituximab for treating the patients with DLBCL.
Clinical guidance on the perioperative use of targeted agents in solid tumor oncology
Authors: MELLOR James D , CASSUMBHOY Michelle , JEFFORD Michael 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe use of targeted anti‐cancer agents is increasing. It is common to utilize a multi‐modal treatment approach towards solid tumors, often including surgical resection, and it has become apparent that some targeted agents can impair wound healing or cause an increased risk of perioperative complications. This article reviews targeted agents used in solid tumor oncology with an emphasis on clinically relevant details. Overall, the evidence of targeted agents causing surgical complications is limited. The greatest amount of evidence exists for bevacizumab causing perioperative complications, possibly due to its extended half‐life. There are limited data for cetuximab, sorafenib and sunitinib and very little for other solid tumor targeted agents. Our findings suggest that there should be heightened pharmacovigilence around targeted agents with respect to perioperative complications and increased post‐surgical support for patients to aid early detection of postoperative complications until definitive data become available.
Evidence on the economic value of psychosocial interventions to alleviate anxiety and depression among cancer survivors: A systematic review
Authors: GORDON Louisa G , BEESLEY Vanessa L , SCUFFHAM Paul A 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim: With cancer cases expected to rise in the coming decades, increased demands will be placed on our health system to address the psychosocial care of patients affected by cancer. The objective of this study was to review the evidence on the cost effectiveness of psychological interventions for individuals with cancer.Methods: A systematic review was undertaken to assess the cost effectiveness of psychosocial approaches specifically treating depression or anxiety, or both, in patients with cancer. Major medical databases were searched together with reference lists from eligible articles. A narrative approach was used to synthesise the findings and quality assessment was guided by recommendations by Drummond's 10‐point checklist for reporting health economic evaluations.Results: The review yielded five cost‐effectiveness studies. Most interventions showed improvements in some psychological outcomes. Three studies reported slightly but not significantly higher health‐care costs for their intervention than their comparison groups. Costs of the interventions ranged from US$47 to $629 per patient. One study of patients with mixed cancer diagnoses used the preferred outcome “quality‐adjusted life years” (QALY) and found a cost‐effective investment for an intensive nurse‐led program with reported incremental costs of £5278 per QALY gained. No study undertook a comprehensive sensitivity analysis although two studies performed simple one‐way sensitivity analyses.Conclusion: Current results are inconclusive due to study heterogeneity and inadequate analyses but suggest that psychosocial interventions are inexpensive on a per patient basis. Future studies should routinely include preference‐based utility instruments to capture psychological distress in economic evaluation.