bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valid inequalities for the fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem with fixed costs
Authors: Baldacci Roberto , Battarra Maria , Vigo Daniele 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn the well‐known vehicle routing problem (VRP), a set of identical vehicles located at a central depot is to be optimally routed to supply customers with known demands subject to vehicle capacity constraints. An important variant of the VRP arises when a mixed fleet of vehicles, characterized by different capacities and costs, is available for distribution activities. The problem is known as fleet size and mix VRP with fixed costs FSMF and has several practical applications. In this article, we present a new mixed integer programming formulation for FSMF based on a two‐commodity network flow approach. New valid inequalities are proposed to strengthen the linear programming relaxation of the mathematical formulation. The effectiveness of the proposed cuts is extensively tested on benchmark instances. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
Min‐Max K‐vehicles windy rural postman problem
Authors: Benavent Enrique , Corberán Angel , Plana Isaac , Sanchis José M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this article the Min‐Max version of the windy rural postman problem with several vehicles is introduced. For this problem, in which the objective is to minimize the length of the longest tour in order to find a set of balanced tours for the vehicles, we present here an ILP formulation and study its associated polyhedron. Based on its partial description, a branch‐and‐cut algorithm has been implemented and computational results on a large set of instances are finally presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
Localization‐ and mutation‐dependent microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), with a cluster of co‐expressed miRNAs located at 14q32.31
Authors: Haller Florian , von Heydebreck Anja , Zhang Jitao David , Gunawan Bastian , Langer Claus , Ramadori Giuliano , Wiemann Stefan , Sahin Özgür 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe molecular biology and clinical behaviour of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are associated with their anatomical localization (stomach or intestine), and also with the mutation status of the receptor tyrosine kinases KIT and PDGFRA. Twelve GISTs were evaluated for differential miRNA expression signatures by use of microarrays representing 734 human miRNAs. Thirty‐two miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed according to localization and mutation status. Differential expression was further analysed and confirmed for four miRNAs (miR‐132, miR‐221, miR‐222, and miR‐504) by qRT‐PCR in 49 additional GISTs. Differentially expressed miRNAs were functionally mapped to KIT/PDGFRA signalling and G1/S‐phase transition of the cell cycle, revealing 22 predicted miRNA/mRNA interactions for ten gene targets from KIT/PDGFRA signalling, and 12 interactions for 12 gene targets of G1/S‐phase transition. Moreover, the expression of 44 miRNAs clustered in a genetically imprinted region at 14q32.31 was found to be strongly correlated in the microarray analysis. This was confirmed for two selected miRNAs (miR‐134 and miR‐370) from the 14q32.31 cluster by qRT‐PCR in 49 additional GISTs, and the expression of these two miRNAs was significantly lower in GISTs with 14q loss, and also in GISTs with tumour progress. miRNA profiling may prove to be a key determinant of the biology and clinical features of GISTs Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multifunctional high density polyethylene nanocomposites produced by incorporation of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets 1: Morphology and mechanical properties
Authors: Jiang Xian , Drzal Lawrence T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis research explores the potential of using exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, xGnP, as the reinforcement in high density polyethylene (HDPE). Two kinds of xGnP nanoparticles were used; xGnP‐1 has the thickness of 10 nm and a platelet diameter of 1 μm, whereas xGnP‐15 has the same thickness but the diameter is around 15 μm. HDPE/xGnP nanocomposite were fabricated first by melt blending and then followed by injection molding. The HDPE/xGnP nanocomposite's flexural strength, modulus and impact strength were evaluated and compared with composites filled with commercial reinforcements such as carbon fibers (CF), carbon black (CB) and glass fibers (GF). Polymer nanocomposites from HDPE/xGnP are equivalent in flexural stiffness and strength to HDPE composites reinforced with glass fibers and carbon black but slightly less than that of HDPE/carbon fiber composites at the same volume fraction. However, the Izod impact strength of HDPE/xGnP nanocomposites is significantly greater (∼250%) than all other reinforcements at the same volume fractions. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis of protein kinase Cδ C1b domain by native chemical ligation methodology and characterization of its folding and ligand binding
Authors: Ohashi Nami , Nomura Wataru , Kato Mai , Narumi Tetsuo , Lewin Nancy E. , Blumberg Peter M. , Tamamura Hirokazu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe C1b domain of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), a potent receptor for ligands such as diacylglycerol and phorbol esters, was synthesized by utilizing native chemical ligation. With this synthetic strategy, the domain was efficiently constructed and shown to have high affinity ligand binding and correct folding. The C1b domain has been utilized for the development of novel ligands for the control of phosphorylation by PKC family members. This strategy will pave the way for the efficient construction of C1b domains modified with fluorescent dyes, biotin, etc. Copyright © 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel synthesis process for ceramic carbon nanotube nanocomposites with nanojunctions
Authors: Xu Yang , Li Zhongrui , Saini Viney , Watanabe Fumiya , Kunets Vasyl P. , Dervishi Enkeleda , Salamo Gregory J. , Biris Alexandru R. , Biris Alexandru S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA single‐step process of radio frequency‐catalytic chemical vapor deposition (RF‐cCVD) was used for the synthesis of pelletized ceramic carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. The surface resistance of the insulating magnesium oxide (MgO) was found to drop dramatically as the result of the graphitic nanostructures formed within the ceramic matrix after the catalytic process. It was found that the electrical properties of the ceramic CNT composites were highly dependent on the concentration of the loading metal that was responsible for the formation of different carbon species on the MgO pellet. Hall effect measurements of ceramic single‐walled CNT composites indicated an n‐type electrical behavior with high carrier densities of around 2.5 × 1020/cm3 and electrical mobilities of 1.1 cm2/V s. The process is shown to be useful for generating ceramic CNT devices that may be used for a variety of applications.
Effects in CVD diamond exposed to fusion plasmas
Authors: Porro S. , De Temmerman G. , John P. , Lisgo S. , Villalpando I. , Wilson J. I. B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMicro and nanocrystalline diamond layers have been deposited on molybdenum substrates by hot‐filament CVD, and tested in the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak as a protective coating of fusion plasma‐facing materials. The modification of surface properties induced by high density plasma was investigated by SEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Although some modifications of the coating, amorphization and some traces of arcing, diamond proved to be a viable protection as most of the samples were still coated after the plasma exposure. Fuel retention measurements, evaluated by nuclear reaction analysis, showed that a small amount of deuterium was trapped in the surface of the coatings. The chemical erosion of the layers was 50% lower than graphite, as evaluated by dedicated experiments in Pilot‐PSI, a linear plasma simulator device.
Calibration of turbidity meter and acoustic doppler velocimetry (Triton‐ADV) for sediment types present in drained peatland headwaters: Focus on particulate organic peat
Authors: Marttila Hannu , Postila Heini , Kløve Bjørn 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSuspended sediments have a clear impact on fluvial water quality and aquatic habitats. As the concentrations are highly variable, continuous measurement offers a good way to provide accurate and precise values of sediment concentration and yield. However, there is a lack of information regarding the effect of organic peat particles, which typically appear in boreal fluvial systems. In the present study, the effect of different types of suspended sediments on calibration of a turbidity meter and an acoustic Doppler velocimetry (Triton‐ADV) was studied in laboratory conditions. The measurements were performed using particulate organic peat, clay and silt with several concentrations ranging from clear water to 3500 mg L−1. The present study primarily provides organic peat sediment calibration data for used sensors. Regression equations were developed for the different sediment. The results indicate that particle size, shape, concentration and sediment type have an effect on calibration. When the turbidity and the ADV calibration were performed for different particle size groups, sediment types and concentrations, the calibration and suspended solids calculation error was reduced. For the turbidity sensor used, the reliable upper continuous measurement limit for clay, peat and silt sediments was found to be at 1000, 2500 and 3500 mg L−1, respectively. The ADV‐sensor was noticed to be reliable only with fine particles. The results enable easy and first step calibration and error assessment for automatic turbidity and acoustic monitoring of the suspended sediment quality typically present in headwater fluvial systems. This study can be used to evaluate the effect of different sediments on turbidity and ADV‐measuring error and reliability during changing particles size distributions, characteristics and concentrations. The laboratory‐based approach used in this study indicates that the shape of organic peat particles has an influence on sensor calibration, especially when suspended sediment concentrations are high. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey on mobile satellite systems
Authors: Chini Paolo , Giambene Giovanni , Kota Sastri 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSatellite systems represent a significant solution to provide communication services to mobile users in under‐populated regions, in emergency areas, on planes, trains, and ships. In all these cases, satellite systems have unique capabilities in terms of robustness, wide area coverage, and broadcast/multicast capabilities. This paper surveys current mobile satellite networks and services from different standpoints, encompassing research issues, recent standardization advances (e.g. mobile extension for DVB‐S2/‐RCS, DVB‐SH) and some operational systems (e.g. Globalstar, Inmarsat BGAN, Iridium, and Thuraya). The last part of this paper is devoted to qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the different mobile satellite systems to understand their characteristics in terms of services, capacity, resource utilization efficiency, and user mobility degree.Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immobilization of metallothionein on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite for biosensor design
Authors: Bin Yannan , Gao Yu , Xiang Juan , Ren Bin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractImmobilization of protein molecules on solid supports or surfaces in a controlled fashion is an important task for protein analysis at the solid/solution or solid/gas interface and biosensor fabrication. In this paper, the structure and biological activities of metallothionein (MT) layers immobilized on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces by means of two different strategies based on unspecific adsorption/chemisorption (MT‐HOPG system) and covalent binding (MT‐modified HOPG system) were studied respectively. The MT layers obtained by covalent binding to a previously functionalized HOPG surface are smooth and show a close‐packed ordered monolayer in contrast to those obtained by direct adsorption of the protein on substrate, which are disordered and relatively rough. Both adsorbed proteins exhibit reversible electron transfer at 0.25 V (Ag/AgCl) after immersion in CuSO4 solution, whereas redox current of MT‐modified HOPG system is four times larger than that of MT‐HOPG system. Moreover, the MTs adsorbed on bare HOPG surfaces are obviously denatured. All the above results show that covalent binding strategies lead to high structural regularity and mechanical stability of the adsorbed protein molecules with a maintained biological activity, which is prospective for applications in immobilizing MT on a transducer for biosensor design. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collection and detection of latent fingermarks contaminated with cosmetics on nonporous and porous surfaces
Authors: Ricci Camilla , Kazarian Sergei G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAttenuated total reflection (ATR)‐Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging combined with a gelatine tape lift method was applied to fingermarks contaminated with various types of cosmetic residues and drugs. This approach allowed not only the imaging of partial fingermarks but also demonstrated the advantage of this chemical imaging methodology in being able to detect heterogeneously distributed localized compounds after surfaces contaminated with various types of cosmetics or drug residues had been handled. This is the first time that the detection of cosmetics in fingermarks deposited on nonporous and porous surfaces has been performed. These results show a potential extension of the applicability of ATR‐FTIR imaging to forensic science. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure, Stereochemistry and Dynamics of Tetranuclear Polyhydride Clusters Containing Chiral Heterobidentate Phosphanes
Authors: Ponomarenko Vadim I. , Krupenya Dmitrii V. , Grachova Elena V. , Gindin Vladimir A. , Selivanov Stanislav I. , Koshevoy Igor O. , Tunik Sergey P. , Haukka Matti , Pursiainen Jouni , Pirilä Päivi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA novel chiral phosphane (S)‐2‐(4‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline‐2‐yl)phenyl‐di‐N‐pyrrolylphosphane (S‐PyrPOx) based on asymmetric oxazoline ring has been prepared and characterised. Reaction of this ligand and its phenyl‐substituted analogue (S‐PhPOx) with H4Ru4(CO)12 and H3RhOs3(CO)12 gave substituted derivatives H4Ru4(CO)10(1,1‐PhPOx) (2), H4Ru4(CO)10(1,1‐PyrPOx) (3), and H3RhOs3(CO)10(1,1‐PyrPOx) (4), which were structurally characterised by X‐ray crystallography in solid state and by a variety of multinuclear NMR spectroscopic measurements in solution. In all studied clusters the coordinated ligands form five‐membered chelate rings through phosphorus and nitrogen atoms of oxazoline moiety to afford a novel chiral center associated with the substituted metal atom. The substitution reactions demonstrate extremely high stereoselectivity, which results in formation of only one diastereomer in all three cases to give S,S isomer in 2 and S,R isomer in 3 and 4.
Early neonatal inflammation affects adult pain reactivity and anxiety related traits in mice: genetic background counts
Authors: Benatti Cristina , Alboni Silvia , Capone Giacomo , Corsini Daniela , Caggia Federica , Brunello Nicoletta , Tascedda Fabio , Blom Joan M.C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractProtracted or recurrent pain and inflammation in the early neonatal period may cause long‐lasting changes in central neural function. However, more research is necessary to better characterize the long‐term behavioral sequelae of such exposure in the neonatal period. Objectives: (1) to study whether timing of postnatal exposure to persistent inflammation alters responsiveness to thermal pain in the adult animal; (2) to assess whether animals experiencing early postnatal chronic inflammation display altered anxiety related behavior; (3) to study the importance of genetic background. Newborn mice (outbred strain, CD1 and F1 hybrid strain, B6C3F1) received an injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) or saline on either postnatal day 1 or 14 (PND1; PND14) into the left hind paw. Pain to radiant heat and anxiety were examined in 12‐week‐old adult animals. Adult baseline PWL was significantly decreased in CD1 mice exposed to CFA on PND 1 and 14 as compared to their saline treated counterparts. B6C3F1 mice exposed to CFA on PND14 showed markedly reduced baseline PWL compared to the PND14 saline group. Persistent inflammation experienced by B6C3F1 mice on PND1 failed to affect baseline adult thermal responsiveness. Adult mice, CD1 and B6C3F1, displayed low anxiety traits only if they had been exposed to persistent inflammation on PND1 and not on PND14. Our research suggests a role for genetic background in modulating long‐term behavioral consequences of neonatal persistent inflammation: the data support the hypothesis that pain experienced very early in life differentially affects adult behavioral and emotional responsiveness in outbred (CD1) and hybrid mice (B6C3F1).
The pineal volume: a three‐dimensional volumetric study in healthy young adults using 3.0 T MR data
Authors: Sun Bo , Wang Dan , Tang Yuchun , Fan Lingzhong , Lin Xiangtao , Yu Taifei , Qi Hengtao , Li Zhenping , Liu Shuwei 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIt is usually difficult to distinguish small pineal tumors via routine or enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) scan. The knowledge of normal pineal size is helpful to detect small pineal lesions, while very few true volumetric data of pineal glands have been reported. Therefore, we obtained the accurate reference range of normal pineal volumes in 112 individuals aged 20–30 years recruited randomly from a healthy community sample. Transverse and sagittal 3.0 T magnetic resonance data were obtained using three‐dimensional (3D) T1‐weighted FSPGR and T2‐weighted SE sequences. True pineal volumes were measured from T1‐weighted images, while estimated volumes were calculated using pineal length, width and height. All the glands were divided into three types according to the maximum inner diameter of pineal cysts. The prevalence of asymptomatic pineal cyst is 25.00%, with a slight female predominance. In the whole sample, we found no gender differences of pineal volume, but a significant gender difference of pineal volume index. A significant correlation between pineal volume and asymptomatic cyst was found. After excluding cases with big pineal cysts, there were significant correlations between pineal volume and head circumference, body height and body weight, respectively. This study suggests that asymptomatic pineal cysts may exert an important influence on pineal volume.
Quaternary evolution of the intermontane Val d'Agri Basin, Southern Apennines
Authors: Zembo Irene , Panzeri Laura , Galli Anna , Bersezio Riccardo , Martini Marco , Sibilia Emanuela 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOptically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) enables the chronology of the late Pleistocene evolution for the Val d'Agri intermontane basin of Southern Apennines to be defined in the frame of Mediterranean geodynamic and climate changes. Quartz sand from braided floodplain and alluvial fan depositional systems was analyzed using the coarse-grained, single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) technique. The obtained optical ages are mostly consistent with other assessments (radiocarbon, tephrochronology) and stratigraphic constraints. OSL allows for the dating to 56–43 ka of an asymmetric subsidence stage that forced alluvial fan progradation, filling of a former lacustrine area, and development of an axial alluvial plain. A short period of Mediterranean-type pedogenesis, recorded at the top of the prograding-aggrading fans (OSL age bracket 43–32 ka), corresponds with MIS 3. During the subsequent stage of decline of vegetation cover, possibly corresponding to MIS 2, the latest progradation of alluvial fans occurred. The subsequent uplift and breakthrough of the basin threshold during the latest Pleistocene and Holocene induced entrenchment of the drainage network. The results presented here provide an example of the usefulness of OSL dating in intermontane continental settings where other geochronological constraints are scarce.
Spatial patterns of Holocene glacier advance and retreat in Central Asia
Authors: Rupper Summer , Roe Gerard , Gillespie Alan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGlaciers in the southern Himalayas advanced in the early Holocene despite an increase in incoming summer solar insolation at the top of the atmosphere. These glacier advances are in contrast to the smaller alpine glaciers in the western and northern regions of Central Asia. Two different glacier mass-balance models are used to reconcile this Holocene glacier history with climate by quantifying the change in equilibrium-line altitudes (ELA) for simulated changes in Holocene climate. Both ELA models clearly show that the lowering of ELAs in the southern Himalayas is largely due to a decrease in summer temperatures, and that an increase in monsoonal precipitation accounts for less than 30% of the total ELA changes. The decrease in summer temperatures is a dynamic response to the changes in solar insolation, resulting in both a decrease in incoming shortwave radiation at the surface due to an increase in cloudiness and an increase in evaporative cooling. In the western and northern zones of Central Asia, both ELA models show a rise in ELAs in response to a general increase in summer temperatures. This increase in temperatures in the more northern regions is a direct radiative response to the increase in summer solar insolation.
Poisson automorphisms and quiver moduli
Authors: Reineke Markus 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA factorization formula for certain automorphisms of a Poisson algebra associated with a quiver is proved, which involves framed versions of moduli spaces of quiver representations. This factorization formula is related to wall-crossing formulae for Donaldson–Thomas type invariants of Kontsevich and Soibelman.
Can we infer dredge fishing effort from macrobenthic community structure?
Authors: Gaspar M. B. , Carvalho S. , Constantino R. , Tata-Regala J. , Cúrdia J. , Monteiro C. C. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Gaspar, M. B., Carvalho, S., Constantino, R., Tata-Regala, J., Cúrdia, J., and Monteiro, C. C. 2009. Can we infer dredge fishing effort from macrobenthic community structure? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2121–2132. The effects of commercial fishing effort (FE) on macrobenthic community structure were analysed in geographically related fishing grounds separated into three groups: non-exploited (NE), moderately exploited (ME), and highly exploited (HE). Number of species, abundance, Margalef species richness, and Shannon–Wiener diversity were significantly higher in NE than in exploited areas. The first two were also significantly higher in HE than in ME areas. Measures of taxonomic diversity differed depending on whether annelids, molluscs, and crustaceans were combined or analysed separately. Crustaceans seemed to be the most vulnerable to bivalve dredging because significantly lower values were observed for them in the HE areas than in the ME and NE areas for this group. Although the samples were taken at the end of the closed season, macrobenthic communities still showed differences that may be related to FE, especially in trophic structure. Carnivory was particularly dominant in HE areas. The ratio of carnivory to filter-feeding was significantly correlated with FE, with higher values being observed in HE areas and lower values in NE areas.