bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on Referral Pathways for Timely Head and Neck Cancer Care
Authors: Batool Sana , Hansen Elisabeth E. , Sethi Rosh K. V. , Rettig Eleni M. , Goguen Laura A. , Annino Donald J. , Uppaluri Ravindra , Edwards Heather A. , Faden Daniel L. , Schnipper Jeffrey L. , Dohan Daniel , Reich Amanda J. , Bergmark Regan W. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceTimely diagnosis and treatment are of paramount importance for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) because delays are associated with reduced survival rates and increased recurrence risk. Prompt referral to HNC specialists is crucial for the timeliness of care, yet the factors that affect the referral and triage pathway remain relatively unexplored. Therefore, to identify barriers and facilitators of timely care, it is important to understand the complex journey that patients undertake from the onset of HNC symptoms to referral for diagnosis and treatment.ObjectiveTo investigate the referral and triage process for patients with HNC and identify barriers to and facilitators of care from the perspectives of patients and health care workers.Design, Participants, and SettingThis was a qualitative study using semistructured interviews of patients with HNC and health care workers who care for them. Participants were recruited from June 2022 to July 2023 from HNC clinics at 2 tertiary care academic medical centers in Boston, Massachusetts. Data were analyzed from July 2022 to December 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThemes identified from the perspectives of both patients and health care workers on factors that hinder or facilitate the HNC referral and triage process.ResultsIn total, 72 participants were interviewed including 42 patients with HNC (median [range] age, 60.5 [19.0-81.0] years; 27 [64%] females) and 30 health care workers (median [range] age, 38.5 [20.0-68.0] years; 23 [77%] females). Using thematic analysis, 4 major themes were identified: the HNC referral and triage pathway is fragmented; primary and dental care are critical for timely referrals; efficient interclinician coordination expedites care; and consistent patient−practitioner engagement alleviates patient fear.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings describe the complex HNC referral and triage pathway, emphasizing the critical role of initial symptom recognition, primary and dental care, patient information flow, and interclinician and patient−practitioner communication, all of which facilitate prompt HNC referrals.
All's eco‐friendly that ends eco‐friendly: Short‐term memory effects in carbon footprint estimates of temporal item sequences
Authors: Sörqvist Patrik , Lindeberg Sofie , Marsh John E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhen people estimate the summative carbon footprint of a sequence of events, how are the individual events integrated? In three experiments, we found that summative carbon footprint judgments of item sequences are disproportionately influenced by items at the end of the sequence in comparison with those at the beginning—a recency effect. When, for example, sequences ended with a low carbon footprint item, they were assigned a lower carbon footprint than corresponding sequences with an identical content but different item order. The results also revealed that a green peak (presenting many low carbon footprint items at once) had a relatively large effect on estimates when the peak was contextually distinct from other items in terms of its valence. The results are consistent with an account within which distinctiveness of representations within short‐term memory differentially influences decision‐making and suggest that memory processes bias the perceived environmental footprint of temporally separated instances.
Organic A‐Site Cations Improve the Resilience of Inorganic Lead‐Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals to Surface Defect Formation
Authors: Otero‐Martínez Clara , Ye Junzhi , De Trizio Luca , Goldoni Luca , Rao Akshay , Pérez‐Juste Jorge , Hoye Robert L. Z. , Manna Liberato , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP NCs) are generally prone to surface defect formation during the purification process, resulting in a reduced photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield. The purification of LHP NCs using antisolvents leads to the detachment of surface atoms and ligandsin the form of alkylammonium‐halides or A‐carboxylates (A: Cs, methylammonium, MA, or formamidinium, FA. Currently, intense research is being carried out to improve the surface stability of LHP NCs using various long‐chain organic ligands that strongly bind to the surface of NCs. Herein, the findings on the higher surface stability of hybrid (MAPbBr3 and FAPbBr3) LHP NCs compared to that of inorganic CsPbBr3 NCs against purification with polar antisolvents are reported. It is discovered that the CsPbBr3 NC surface stability can be enhanced (reaching that of hybrid perovskite NCs) by the incorporation of a small amount of MA or FA A‐site organic cations into their lattice, corroborated by the evidence that the PL quantum yield of mixed A‐cation CsxFA1‐xPbBr3 and CsxMA1‐xPbBr3 NCs remains unaffected after several purification cycles. It is hypothesized that this is attributed to hydrogen bonding between the organic A‐site cations and the neighboring halides on the surface. These findings are not only fundamentally important but are also expected to have wide implications in the field of metal‐halide perovskite optoelectronics.
Confinement‐Driven Bulk Photovoltaic in Lead‐Free Hybrid Perovskite for Self‐Powered X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Fu Dongying , Ma Yanli , Chen Zhuo , Hou Zuoming , Luo Junhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLead‐free hybrid perovskites (HPs) are considered as environmentally friendly photodetection materials. However, there are few studies on self‐powered photodetection in lead‐free HPs, and most of them are achieved through the introduction of chiral ammonium cations induced bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE). Notably, enantiomeric pure chiral ammonium cations are difficult to synthesize, the quantity is small and the price is high. Therefore, choosing achiral ammonium cations to induce BPVE in lead‐free HPs is crucial. Herein, achiral cations 1,3‐bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane (1,3‐BMACH) is exploited to induce bulk photovoltaic through confinement effect in (1,3‐BMACH)BiI5, then self‐powered X‐ray detection is successfully realized. Due to the large space in zero‐dimensional (0 D) (MXD)BiI5 (MXD is meta‐xylylenediammonium), the confinement effect is not obvious, resulting in the disorderly arrangement of MXD2+ cations and a centrosymmetry structure of (MXD)BiI5. Benefiting from the large photovoltage (1.0 V) of (1,3‐BMACH)BiI5 under X‐ray, its single crystal devices exhibit ultra‐high sensitivity of 170 µC Gy−1 cm−2 and extremely low detection limit of 49 nGy s−1 under self‐powered mode, which almost surpassing most low‐dimensional single‐phase lead‐free HPs at 0 V bias. This work has promoted the application of lead‐free HPs in the field of self‐powered X‐ray detection.
Multidimension‐Regulated Dynamic Timing Control Over Multicolor Emission of Host–Guest Assemblies for Information Encryption and Advanced Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Zhang Qi , Chang Zhidong , Han Weiqiang , Wang Chaofan , Liu Guoxin , Li Hongjuan , Sun Shiguo , Xu Yongqian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDynamical control over molecular luminescence, especially in a time‐dependent manner, holds great promise for the development of smart luminescent materials for anti‐counterfeiting and preventing information leakage. Herein, a series of self‐assembled systems are reported using pillar[5]arene (DMP[5]) and spiropyran derivatives (SP‐C4‐Py). The assemblies rely on the time‐encoded locking and unlocking ring‐switching and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) units for information camouflage and multilevel encryption. DMP[5] with cyan solid fluorescence color acts as the host and energy transfer (EnT) donor, while photochromic SP‐C4‐Py with the ring‐opened and closed isomers acts as guest and EnT acceptor. When irradiated, the assemblies undergo a time‐dependent luminescence color change ranging from cyan to yellow to red through a FRET process. The molar ratio of host and guest in the assembly systems affects the FRET efficiency, and the power of the irradiation source influences the isomerization degree and rate of SP‐C4‐Py, allowing for precise control over the fluorescent color transition time. The combination of molecular composition and external stimuli governs the kinetics of color change, resulting in a difference in the appearance time of a specific fluorescent color pre‐designed as correct authorized information. By combining these diverse assembles in one label, information encryption and dynamic information identification are achieved in the dimensions of time, ratio, and light power. This time‐dependent feature offers the assembly materials with a multilevel security and provides new possibilities for anti‐counterfeiting and blocking information leakage.
Multilayer Graphene/Epitaxial Silicon Near‐Infrared Self‐Quenched Avalanche Photodetectors
Authors: Li Zongwen , Cao Xiaoxue , Zhang Zhixiang , Qiao Baoshi , Tian Feng , Dai Yue , Bodepudi Srikrishna Chanakya , Liu Xinyu , Chai Jian , Liu Dajian , Anwar Muhammad Abid , Han Xun , Xue Fei , Fang Wenzhang , Dan Yaping , Zhao Yuda , Hu Huan , Yu Bin , Gao Chao , Xu Yang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract2D materials and their heterostructures exhibit considerable potential in the development of avalanche photodetectors (APDs) with high gain, response, and signal‐to‐noise ratio. These materials hold promise in addressing inherent technical challenges associated with APDs, such as low light absorption coefficient, elevated noise current, and substantial power consumption due to high bias resulting in only moderate current gain. In this work, a macro‐assembled graphene nanofilm (nMAG)/epitaxial silicon (epi‐Si) vertical heterostructure photodetector with a responsivity of 0.38 A W−1 and a response time of 1.4 µs is reported. The photodetectors use high‐quality nMAG as the absorption layer and a lightly‐doped epi‐Si layer as the multiplication region under the avalanche mode to provide a high responsivity (2.51 mA W−1) and detectivity (2.67 × 109 Jones) at 1550 nm, which can achieve high‐resolution imaging. In addition, the APD displays a weak noise level and an avalanche gain of M = 1123. It can work with relatively low avalanche turn‐on voltages and achieve self‐quenching by switching from illumination to dark during avalanche multiplication, with a real‐time data transfer rate of 38 Mbps in near‐infrared light communication data links. The proposed structure enables the fabrication of high‐performance APDs in the infrared range using complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible processes.
Bifunctional Squaramide‐Catalyzed Oxidative Kinetic Resolution: Simultaneous Access to Axially Chiral Thioether and Sulfoxide
Authors: Wen Wei , Yang Chang‐Lin , Wu Zhu‐Lian , Xiao Dong‐Rong , Guo Qi‐Xiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAxially chiral thioethers and sulfoxides emerge as two pivotal classes of ligands and organocatalysts, which have remarkable features in the stereoinduction of various asymmetric transformations. However, the lack of easy methods to access such molecules with diverse structures has hampered their broader utilization. Herein, an oxidative kinetic resolution for sulfides using a chiral bifunctional squaramide as the catalyst with cumene hydroperoxide as the terminal oxidant is established. This asymmetric approach provides a variety of axially chiral thioethers as well as sulfoxides bearing both axial and central chirality, with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. This catalytic system also successfully extends to the kinetic resolution of benzothiophene‐based sulfides. Preliminary mechanism investigation indicates that the multiple hydrogen bonding interactions between the bifunctional squaramide catalyst and substrates play a crucial role in determining the enantioselectivity and reactivity.
High‐Entropy and Multiphase Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Ranran , Qin Xuan , Li Xiaolei , Zhu Jianxun , Zheng Li‐Rong , Li Zhongtao , Zhou Weidong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCycling stability is the biggest challenge for cathodes of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), which is directly affected by the structure design. Herein, the combination of high‐entropy (HE) and multiphase structure is demonstrated to be helpful for maintaining the structure and improving the cycling stability. In the Ni/Mn/Cu/Ti/Sn five‐component HE multiphase cathode, the multiple elements at transition metal sites can enlarge the lattice and stabilize the structure simultaneously without causing an obvious capacity drop, achieving the synergistic effect of multi‐cations. In the HE cathodes consisting of P2 and O3 phases, the harmful phase transition in high‐voltage is suppressed and the cycling performance is improved. A capacity retention of 77.3 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles is delivered, and an improved rate performance of 88.7 mAh g−1 at 750 mA g−1 is observed, better than that of the low‐entropy multiphase cathode(P2 and O3) and the HE oxide single O3‐phase cathode. The weighted average ionic radius(WAIR) of all transition metals is demonstrated critical for the formation of the phase composition in HE composites. Through comparing a series of HE and multiphase cathodes, an empirical range of WAIR is obtained, which shows guidance for the design of other cathode materials.
Association between the severity of hypothermia and in‐hospital mortality in patients with infectious diseases: The J‐Point registry
Authors: Shiozumi Tadaharu , Miyamoto Yuki , Morita Sachiko , Ehara Naoki , Miyamae Nobuhiro , Okada Yohei , Jo Takaaki , Sumida Yasuyuki , Okada Nobunaga , Watanabe Makoto , Nozawa Masahiro , Tsuruoka Ayumu , Fujimoto Yoshihiro , Okumura Yoshiki , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Matsuyama Tasuku 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimHypothermia is associated with poor prognosis in patients with sepsis. However, no studies have explored the correlation between the severity of hypothermia and prognosis.MethodsUsing data from the Japanese accidental hypothermia network registry (J‐Point registry), we examined adult patients aged ≥18 years with infectious diseases whose initial body temperature was ≤35°C from April 1, 2011 to March 31, 2016, in 12 centers. Patients were divided into three groups according to their body temperature: Tertile 1 (T1) (32.0–35.0°C), Tertile 2 (T2) (28.0–31.9°C), and Tertile 3 (T3) (<28.0°C). In‐hospital mortality was employed as a metric to assess outcomes. We conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the three categories and the occurrence of in‐hospital mortality.ResultsA total of 572 patients were registered, and 170 eligible patients were identified. Of these patients, 55 were in T1 (32.0–35.0°C), 76 in T2 (28.0–31.9°C), and 39 in T3 (<28.0°C) groups. The overall in‐hospital mortality rate in accidental hypothermia (AH) patients with infectious diseases was 34.1%. The in‐hospital mortality rates in the T1, T2, and T3 groups were 34.5%, 36.8%, and 28.2%, respectively. The multivariable analysis demonstrated no significant differences regarding in‐hospital mortality among the three groups (T2 vs. T1, adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–2.89 and T3 vs. T1, adjusted OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.30–2.31).ConclusionIn this multicenter retrospective observational study, hypothermia severity was not associated with in‐hospital mortality in AH patients with infectious diseases.
Characteristics and outcomes of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in a hilly area: Utstein Registry data from the Nagasaki Medical Region, Japan
Authors: Zmushka Valeryia , Tajima Goro , Iyama Keita , Hayakawa Koichi , Yamashita Kazunori , Inokuma Takamitsu , Izumino Hiroo , Otaguro Takanobu , Uemura Eri , Ueki Tomohiro , Murahashi Shimon , Yamano Shuhei , Takahashi Kensuke , Aoki Yoshihiro , Tachikawa Atsuko , Tasaki Osamu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo analyze characteristics and investigate prognostic indicators of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in a hilly area in Japan.MethodsA retrospective population‐based study was conducted using the Utstein Registry for 4280 OHCA patients in the Nagasaki Medical Region (NMR) registered over the 10‐year period from 2011 to 2020. The main outcome measure was a favorable cerebral performance category (CPC 1–2). Sites at which OHCA occurred were classified into “sloped places (SPs)” (not easily accessible by emergency medical services [EMS] personnel due to slopes) and “accessible places (APs)” (EMS personnel could park an ambulance close to the site). The characteristics and prognosis based on CPC were compared between SPs and APs, and multivariable analysis was performed.ResultsNo significant improvement in prognosis occurred in the NMR from 2011 to 2020. Prognosis in SPs was significantly worse than that in APs. However, multivariable analysis did not identify SP as a prognostic indicator. The following factors were associated with survival and CPC 1–2: age group, witness status, first documented rhythm, bystander‐initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) use, use of mechanical CPR (m‐CPR) device or esophageal obturator airway (EOA), and year. Both m‐CPR and EOA use were associated with a poor prognosis.ConclusionIn a hilly area, OHCA patients in SPs had a worse prognosis than those in APs, but SPs was not significantly associated with prognosis by multivariable analysis. Interventions to increase bystander‐initiated CPR and AED use could potentially improve outcomes of OHCA in the NMR.
Elevated Water Oxidation by Cation Leaching Enabled Tunable Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Luo Songzhu , Dai Chencheng , Ye Yike , Wu Qian , Wang Jiarui , Li Xiaoning , Xi Shibo , Xu Zhichuan J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWater electrolysis is one promising and eco‐friendly technique for energy storage, yet its overall efficiency is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Therefore, developing strategies to boost OER catalyst performance is crucial. With the advances in characterization techniques, an extensive phenomenon of surface structure evolution into an active amorphous layer was uncovered. Surface reconstruction in a controlled fashion was then proposed as an emerging strategy to elevate water oxidation efficiency. In this work, Cr substitution induces the reconstruction of NiFexCr2‐xO4 during cyclic voltammetry (CV) conditioning by Cr leaching, which leads to a superior OER performance. The best‐performed NiFe0.25Cr1.75O4 shows a ~1500 % current density promotion at overpotential η=300 mV, which outperforms many advanced NiFe‐based OER catalysts. It is also found that their OER activities are mainly determined by Ni : Fe ratio rather than considering the contribution of Cr. Meanwhile, the turnover frequency (TOF) values based on redox peak and total mass were obtained and analysed, and their possible limitations in the case of NiFexCr2‐xO4 are discussed. Additionally, the high activity and durability were further verified in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) cell, highlighting its potential for practical large‐scale and sustainable hydrogen gas generation.
Selective Macrocyclization of Unprotected Peptides with an Ex Situ Gaseous Linchpin Reagent
Authors: Ding Yuxuan , Pedersen Simon S. , Wang Haofan , Xiang Baorui , Wang Yixian , Yang Zhi , Gao Yuxiang , Morosan Emilia , Jones Matthew R. , Xiao Han , Ball Zachary T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPeptide cyclization has dramatic effects on a variety of important properties, enhancing metabolic stability, limiting conformational flexibility, and altering cellular entry and intracellular localization. The hydrophilic, polyfunctional nature of peptides creates chemoselectivity challenges in macrocyclization, especially for natural sequences without biorthogonal handles. Herein, we describe a gaseous sulfonyl chloride derived reagent that achieves amine–amine, amine–phenol, and amine–aniline crosslinking through a minimalist linchpin strategy that affords macrocyclic urea or carbamate products. The cyclization reaction is metal‐mediated and involves a novel application of sulfine species that remains unexplored in aqueous or biological contexts. The aqueous method delivers unique cyclic or bicyclic topologies directly from a variety of natural bioactive peptides without the need for protecting‐group strategies.
Biocatalytic Strategy for the Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Fluorinated Cyclopropanes
Authors: Villada Juan D. , Majhi Jadab , Lehuédé Valentin , Hendricks Michelle E. , Neufeld Katharina , Tona Veronica , Fasan Rudi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFluorinated cyclopropanes are highly desired pharmacophores in drug discovery owing to the rigid nature of the cyclopropane ring and the beneficial effects of C−F bonds on the pharmacokinetic properties, cell permeability, and metabolic stability of drug molecules. Herein a biocatalytic strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of mono‐fluorinated and gem‐difluoro cyclopropanes is reported though the use of engineered myoglobin‐based catalysts. In particular, this system allows for a broad range of gem‐difluoro alkenes to be cyclopropanated in the presence of diazoacetonitrile with excellent diastereo and enantiocontrol (up to 99 : 1 d.r. and 99 % e.e.), thereby enabling a transformation not currently accessible with chemocatalytic methods. The synthetic utility of the present approach is further exemplified through the gram‐scale synthesis of a key gem‐difluorinated cyclopropane intermediate useful for the preparation of fluorinated bioactive molecules.
Methanol Steam Reforming for Hydrogen Production over Ni‐Based Catalysts: State‐Of‐The‐Art Review and Future Prospects
Authors: Hu Bin , Shu Riyang , Khairun Hafila S. , Tian Zhipeng , Wang Chao , Kumar Gupta Navneet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith increasing global emphasis on environmental sustainability, the reliance on traditional energy sources such as coal, natural gas, and oil are encountering significant challenges. H2, known for its high energy content and pollution‐free usage, emerges as a promising alternative. However, despite the great potential of H2, approximately 95 % of hydrogen production still depends on non‐renewable resources. Hence, the shift towards producing H2 from renewable sources, particularly through methods like steam reforming of methanol – a renewable resource – represents a beacon of hope for advancing sustainable energy practices. This review comprehensively examines recent advancements in efficient H2 production using Ni‐based catalysts in methanol steam reforming (MSR) and proposes the future prospects. Firstly, the fundamental principles of MSR technology and the significance in clean energy generation are elucidated. Subsequently, the design, synthesis techniques, and optimization strategies for enhancing the catalytic performance of Ni‐based catalysts are discussed. Through the analysis of various catalyst compositions, structural adjustments, surface active sites, and modification methods, the review uncovers effective approaches for boosting the activity and durability of MSR reactions. Moreover, the review investigates the causes of deactivation in Ni‐based catalysts during MSR reactions and proposes strategies for extending catalyst lifespan through fine design and optimization of operation parameters. Lastly, this review outlines the current research challenges and anticipates the future trends and potential applications of Ni‐based catalysts in MSR hydrogen production. By offering a comprehensive critical analysis, this review serves as a valuable reference to enhance MSR hydrogen production efficiency and catalyst performance.