bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF VARIOUS LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF IRON DEFICIENCY
Authors: Rybo Elisabeth , Bengtsson Calle , Hallberg Leif 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTRegression analysis was performed on a number of haematological variables obtained from a population sample of 38‐year‐old women. The correlation coefficients were higher between the blood haemoglobin concentration on the one hand and serum iron concentration, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, sideroblast count, iron absorption and menstrual blood loss on the other than between packed cell volume or erythrocyte count and the same haematological variables mentioned above. The correlation coefficients between transferrin saturation and the above haematological variables were higher than the correlation coefficients between serum iron concentration or total iron binding capacity and the same variables. The highest correlation coefficients with the above mentioned haematological variables were found for reticuloendothelial iron in the bone marrow. The prevalence of women with a lack of reticuloendothelial iron in the bone marrow was high when haemoglobin concentrations and mean corpuscular haemoglobin values were within the lowest two decentiles defined as a haemoglobin concentration below 127 g/l and a mean corpuscular haemoglobin below 31 pg/erythrocyte. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin and transferrin saturation were relatively low in women with an iron absorption above 80 % and a menstrual blood loss above 40 ml per menstrual cycle.
In vitro and in vivo analysis of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory effects of weak and strong contact allergens
Authors: Lass Christian , Merfort Irmgard , Martin Stefan F. 
Published: August 2010

Please cite this paper as: In vitro and in vivo analysis of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory effects of weak and strong contact allergens. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 1007–1013.Abstract:  Inflammation is a crucial step in the development of allergic contact dermatitis. The primary contact with chemical allergens, called sensitization, and the secondary contact, called elicitation, result in an inflammatory response in the skin. The ability of contact allergens to induce allergic contact dermatitis correlates to a great extent with their inflammatory potential. Therefore, the analysis of the sensitizing potential of a putative contact allergen should include the examination of its ability and potency to cause an inflammation. In this study, we examined the inflammatory potential of different weak contact allergens and of the strong sensitizer 2,4,6‐trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) in vitro and in vivo using the contact hypersensitivity model, the mouse model for allergic contact dermatitis. Cytokine induction was analysed by PCR and ELISA to determine mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Inflammation‐dependent recruitment of skin‐homing effector T cells was measured in correlation with the other methods. We show that the sensitizing potential of a contact allergen correlates with the strength of the inflammatory response. The different methods used gave similar results. Quantitative cytokine profiling may be used to determine the sensitizing potential of chemicals for hazard identification and risk assessment.
Clinical, microbiological and ultrastructural features of angular cheilitis lesions in Southern Chinese
Authors: Dias AP , Samaranayake LP 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To obtain basetine data on angular cheilitis in Southern Chinese.DESIGN: A cross‐sectional investigation of the clinical, microbiological and ultrastructural features of the condition.SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Thirty six Chinese adults with angular cheilitis; 28 controls matched for age and sex, with no inflammation. Clinical examination, swabs of lesions for microbiology, impressions of lesions for ultra‐structure, using replica technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Severity of lesions, associated signs and symptoms, incidence and type of microorganisms, ultrastructural features. RESULTS: Of a total 68 lesions 32 were bilateral and four unilateral. Forty four (65%) were mild (Type I) and the remaining 24 (35%) moderate (Type 11). Infective agents were isolated from 37 (54%) lesions; pure growth of Candida spp and Staph. aureus was noted in nine lesions each; a mixed growth of the two in I I, beta‐haemolytic streptococci in three and a mixed flora including coliforms in the other five. Candida spp were present in one control, beta‐haemolytic streptococci in two and coliforms in four others. Scanning etectron microscopy revealed natural topography of the angular skin with sparse colonisation by bacteria and yeasts.CONCLUSIONS: Angular cheilitis in Southern Chinese seems to be characterised by a milder clinical presentation and classic infective agents of the disease: Candida spp and Staph. aureus.
Diabetic periodontitis: possible lipid‐induced defect in tissue repair through alteration of macrophage phenotype and function
Authors: Iacopino AM 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem in the United States affecting approximately 13 million people. The five ‘classic’ complications which have historically been associated with the condition are microangiopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, microvascu‐lar disease, and delayed wound healing. Recently, per‐iodontal disease (PD) has been declared the ‘sixth’ major complication of diabetes as diabetics demonstrate an increased incidence and severity of PD. The cellular and molecular basis for diabetic PD is unknown.HYPOTHESIS: Recent evidence suggests that PD and delayed dermal wound healing may be manifestations of the same general systemic deficit in diabetes involving impairment of the cellular and molecular signal of wounding via alterations in macrophage phenotype. Diabetes‐induced hyperlipidemia may interfere with the normal cellular and molecular signal of wounding by alteration of macrophage function and subsequent dysregulation of cytokines at the wound site.RESULTS: Preliminary data in both animal models and humans suggests that hyperglycemia, in combination with elevations of serum low density lipoproteins and tri‐glycerides, leads to formation of advanced glycation end products (AGES) which may alter macrophage phenotype. This may be responsible for dysregulation of macrophage cytokine production and increased inflammatory tissue destruction and alveolar bone loss.IMPLICATIONS: Future investigations will consider diabetic PD in the context of a generalized systemic wound healing deficit that manifests as PD in the face of constant pathologic wounding of the gingiva (bacterial plaque) or delayed dermal wound healing in instances of periodic traumatic wounding to other parts of the body. These types of studies will provide information concerning defective tissue repair in diabetics that will have clinical relevance for the understanding of PD and delayed dermal healing as well as applications of appropriate and specific therapies.
Dental attendance patterns in renal transplant recipients
Authors: King GN , Thornhill MH 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: Renal transplant recipients (RTR) represent a large and growing population of individuals on potent immunosuppressant therapy who are at significantly greater risk of developing lip and oral mucosal disease, including lip cancer. The aims of this study were to determine the proportion of RTR receiving regular dental treatment, the dental services they used, and the relationship between the prevalence of lip and intraoral lesions and dental attendance.DESIGN: The lip and oral mucosa of 159 RTR and 160 controls were examined. Subjects were asked questions about frequency of dental attendance and which service they used.RESULTS: 57.9% RTR attended a dentist regularly compared with 51.3% controls. Among the RTR who attended a dentist regularly, 54.3% visited their general dental practitioner, and 45.6% attended a dental hospital for treatment. This was significantly different from controls where 92.7% of regular attenders used their general dental practitioner (P<0.001). Although the prevalence of oral lesions in RTR (54.7%) was more than twice as many as controls (19.4%). no significant difference was observed between RTR regular dental attenders and non‐attenders.CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates a clear need for oral health care and screening to be focused on RTR.
Aetiological factors for oral manifestations of HIV
Authors: Palmer GD , Robinson PG , Challacombe SJ , Birnbaum W , Croser D , Erridge PL , Hodgson T , Lewis D , McLaren A , Zakrzewska JM 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: Describe the oral diseases in HIV‐infected individuals in London, UK and identify social and medical factors related to the presence of specific oral diseases.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional analytic study.SETTING: Dental clinics.SUBJECTS: Consecutive sample of 456 patients with HIV infection.METHODS: Social and medical history and clinical examinations. Univariate and logistic regression analysis.OUTCOMES: Presence of HIV‐associated oral disease.RESULTS: 80% of patients with AIDS and 50% of patients with HIV had a specific oral disease. The most common diseases were hairy leukoplakia (30%), erythematous candidiasis (24%), pseudomembranous candidiasis (14%), angular chielitis (6%), necrotising periodontal disease (8%) and non‐recurrent ulceration (6%).CONCLUSIONS: The presence of erythematous candidiasis was not related to advanced HIV disease. Pseudomembranous candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia and mucosal ulceration were significantly associated with advanced HIV disease. Smoking was also identified as a strong aetiological factor in oral diseases. Longitudinal studies are required to further explore the prognostic significance of oral diseases in HIV infection.
Paraffin‐embedded tissue as a source of RNA for gene expression analysis in oral malignancy
Authors: Cairns MT , Church S. , Johnston PG , Phenix KV , Marley JJ 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of using archival oral mucosal tissue to examine gene expression at the ribonucleic acid (RNA) level.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We describe the isolation of RNA from 8 nm sections of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded oral mucosal tissue. RNA was reverse transcribed and three candidate genes amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ribosomal protein S14 gene is a housekeeping gene which has been used as an internal standard in several quantitative PCR protocols. The thymidine kinase (TK) gene is expressed at low levels in most tissues and, with a well‐documented genomic organisation, is a useful tool for discrimination between genomic DNA and cDNA. The RIa gene is reported to be overexpressed in many cancer cell lines, in malignant tissue and in vitro transformed cellS. RESULTS: The S14 gene, the TK gene and the RIα gene of the cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) were amplified successfully from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. The TK primer pair is a useful additional tool in the unambiguous identification of RNA‐derived species.CONCLUSION: RNA suitable for reverse transcribed (RT)‐PCR was extracted from archival oral mucosal tissue. This should permit rapid sequence analysis of transcribed tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes in this material. Furthermore, the RT‐PCR approach described may allow quantification of gene expression in oral mucosal archival material processed in a standard fashion.
Hemostatic treatment after tooth extraction in a patient with factor V deficiency
Authors: Yokoyama T. , Tatemoto Y. , Osaki T. 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: Factor V deficiency is a very rare hereditary coagulation disorder and tooth extraction in the patient with factor V deficiency has not been reported except in one case.PATIENTS AND TREATMENT: A 38‐year‐old woman with factor V deficiency was referred for extraction of the impacted lower third molar. After intravenous administration of frozen fresh plasma (FFP) and recognition of an increase of factor V level from 1–31%, upper and lower third molars were extracted. Eighteen and 48 h after the extraction, factor V was intermittently supplemented by injection of 4 and 2 units of FFP, respectively, and factor V was maintained above 12%. To form fast coagula and to protect the wound, the lower extraction socket was filled with a fibrin glue composed of factor XIII and fibrinogen (Beriplast® P) and a plastic splint was applied. The wound was healed and epithelized within 2 weeks after the extraction without any bleeding or infectious consequences.CONCLUSION: Extraction in the patient with factor V hereditary deficiency is safely performed by both supplementation of factor V and application of local hemostasis.
The use of tretinoin as oral mucositis prophylaxis in bone marrow transplantation patients: a preliminary study
Authors: Cohen G. , Elad S. , Or R. , Galili D. , Garfunkel A.A. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: The examination of prophylactic efficacy of tretinoin on oral mucositis, post bone marrow transplantation (BMT).PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 11 patients undergoing BMT.Six tretinoin topically‐treated patients (0.25 mg daily of 0.1 % tretinoin cream) were matched with five non‐treated control patients comparing mucositis severity, duration and analgetic (morphine) requirementS. Concomitant follow‐up included conditioning parameters associated with mucositis and engraftment.RESULTS: The mean of oral mucositis peak scores was significantly lower in the tretinoin‐treated patients vs the non‐treated patients (score 1.5 vs 3.6; P < 0.02). In the majority of cases the duration of the most severe phase of oral mucositis was shorter in the tretinoin‐treated group as compared with the control. Only one patient in the experimental group required morphine analgesics compared with four patients in the control group.CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study indicates that the severity of oral mucositis, both objective and subjective, in BMT patients may be reduced by 0.1% topical tretinoin cream, 0.25 mg, administered daily from the beginning of the BMT conditioning regimen until marrow engraftment.
Association of cutaneous and oral diseases in HIV‐infected men
Authors: Mirowski GW , Hilton JF , Greenspan D , Canchola AJ , MacPhail LA , Maurer T , Berger TG , Greenspan JS 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: Mucocutaneous diseases are common in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To identify cutaneous diseases for which HIV‐infected people are at high risk, we sought those that are strongly associated with specific HIV‐related oral lesions and with progression of HIV disease.DESIGN: A cross‐sectional study of HIV‐positive outpatients referred to a university stomatology clinic for diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases. Each subject underwent both complete oral and cutaneous examinations.RESULTS: Among 55 men, with a median age of 41 years and a median CD4 cell count of 125/ju.l (range 0–950/pil), 93% had active oral diseases or conditions, including candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, ulcers, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and xerostomia, and 95% had skin conditions, including onychomycosis, dermatophytosis, seborrheic dermatitis, KS, folliculitis, xerosis, and molluscum contagiosum. Seborrheic dermatitis, xerosis, skin KS, and molluscum contagiosum were associated with oral HIV‐sentinel lesions (oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and KS), with low CD4 cell counts, and with AIDS.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that xerosis and seborrheic dermatitis may be early harbingers of HIV disease progression. Their roles as predictors warrant further study, based on their associations with low CD4 cell counts and AIDS and strong co‐prevalence with one of the most common HIV‐related oral lesions, oral candidiasis.
Long‐term supplementation with alpha‐tocopherol and beta‐carotene and prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in smokers
Authors: Liede K , Hietanen J , Saxen L , Haukka J , Timonen T , Hayrinen‐Immonen R , Heinonen OP 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of alpha‐tocopherol and beta‐carotene supplementation on the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in smokers.DESIGN: An end‐point examination of a random sample of participants in a controlled trial for 5–7 years (Alpha‐Tocopherol Beta‐Carotene Cancer Prevention Study) in Helsinki, Finland.SUBJECTS: A total of 409 white male cigarette smokers, aged 55–74 years who received either alpha‐tocopherol (50 mg per day) or beta‐carotene (20 mg per day) supplementation, both of these or placebo capsules.METHODS: Clinical examination of oral mucosae, histological examination of lesions showing leukoplakia and cytological examination of buccal epithelium. Statistical analysis using Fisher's exact test.RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the study groups either in the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions or in the cells of unkeratinized epithelium. Leukoplakia was present in 24 (5.9%) of the subjects. Seven lesions showed dysplasia.CONCLUSION: The present study on oral health does not support the hypothesis that alpha‐tocopherol or beta‐carotene supplementation plays an essential role in preventing oral mucosal changes in smokers.
Role of vitamins C and E as chemopreventive agents in the hamster cheek pouch treated with the oral carcinogen‐DMBA
Authors: Sawant SS , Kandarkar SV 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of vitamins C and E as chemopreventive agents in oral carcinogenesis by optical and ultrastructural studies.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cheek pouch of male hamsters was treated with the oral carcinogen, dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), to induce multiple tumour formation. Vitamins C and E were applied either singly or in combination as a chemopreventive agent. Paraffin and resin‐embedded sections of the hamster cheek pouch were studied optically and ultrastructurally. RESULTS: The epithelium of control hamsters showed hyperorthokeratosis and parakeratosis, but did not develop well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC).Ninety percent of the animals treated with DMBA alone showed WDSCC while 10% of the animals developed papillomas. There was also a marked increase in the number of cells undergoing mitosis in this group. A reduction in the yield (1.1 tumour/animal) and rate 60–80% of squamous cell carcinomas but not of papillomas (2.0 papillomas/animal) was observed in groups VI‐VIII treated with DMBA and vitamins C and E singly or in combination as compared to those of DMBA only. In animals treated with DMBA plus vitamins C and E, statistical significant decrease in the number of animals with tumours and mitotic basal cells was observed when compared with the DMBA treated group. Control animals showed normal ultrastructural morphology while tumour‐bearing animals showed basal lamina in a discontinuous, fragmented, broken and diffused basement membrane, with diminished lamina densa, fewer hemi‐desmosomes and invagination of the basal cell cytoplas‐mic processes in the subepithelium.CONCLUSION: These results indicate that vitamin E singly or in combination with vitamin C plays a role in the inhibition of tumour cell growth.
Complementary feeding messages that target cultural barriers enhance both the use of lipid‐based nutrient supplements and underlying feeding practices to improve infant diets in rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Paul Keriann H. , Muti Monica , Chasekwa Bernard , Mbuya Mduduzi N.N. , Madzima Rufaro C. , Humphrey Jean H. , Stoltzfus Rebecca J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSupplementation with lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LiNS) is promoted as an approach to prevent child undernutrition and growth faltering. Previous LiNS studies have not tested the effects of improving the underlying diet prior to providing LiNS. Formative research was conducted in rural Zimbabwe to develop feeding messages to improve complementary feeding with and without LiNS. Two rounds of Trials of Improved Practices were conducted with mothers of infants aged 6–12 months to assess the feasibility of improving infant diets using (1) only locally available resources and (2) locally available resources plus 20 g of LiNS as Nutributter®/day. Common feeding problems were poor dietary diversity and low energy density. Popular improved practices were to process locally available foods so that infants could swallow them and add processed local foods to enrich porridges. Consumption of beans, fruits, green leafy vegetables, and peanut/seed butters increased after counselling (P < 0.05). Intakes of energy, protein, vitamin A, folate, calcium, iron and zinc from complementary foods increased significantly after counselling with or without the provision of Nutributter (P < 0.05). Intakes of fat, folate, iron, and zinc increased only (fat) or more so (folate, iron, and zinc) with the provision of Nutributter (P < 0.05). While provision of LiNS was crucial to ensure adequate intakes of iron and zinc, educational messages that were barrier‐specific and delivered directly to mothers were crucial to improving the underlying diet.
Prospective Follow-Up of Female Sexual Function After Vaginal Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse Using Transobturator Mesh Implants
Authors: Hoda M.R. , Wagner Sigrid , Greco Francesco , Heynemann Hans , Fornara Paolo 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although the use of transobturator mesh implants for pelvic organ prolapse repair has been shown to be safe and effective, concern exists that the presence of prosthetic material in the vagina may adversely affect sexual function.

Aim
To evaluate the impact of transobturator mesh implantation on sexual function using validated questionnaire.

Main Outcome Measures
Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), a validated 19-item questionnaire that assesses six domains of sexual function (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain), was used. The questionnaire was administered preoperatively, and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Clinical data were also recorded at each time point.

Methods
Prospective nonrandomized study including 96 women with pelvic organ prolapse (cystocele, rectocele, vault prolapse). Transvaginal anterior or posterior wall repair using transobturator mesh implants with or without concomitant transobturator sling procedure.

Results
Mean age was 51.4 ± 5.2 years. Mean operating time was 47.6 ± 23.4 minutes, and the mean hospitalization period was 3.8 ± 1.6 days. After initial decrease during the first 3 months, patients experienced a steady improvement in their sexual function. At 24 months postoperatively, the total mean FSFI score reached significantly higher values compared to the baseline (P = 0.023). Furthermore, pain-free intercourse improved during the follow-up reaching mean score of 4.27 ± 0.79 (P &lt; 0.05) after 2 years. Pelvic floor examination at 2 years follow-up showed excellent surgical results with only 3.1% of the patients presenting with stage II vaginal wall prolapse.

Conclusions
Surgical repair of symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse using mesh implants results in improvement of major parameters of sexual function. A worsening in pain with intercourse during the initial months postoperatively lessens after 3 months as healing is completed.