bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Caprolactams Starting from Heterocyclic Imines.
Authors: Johannes Katharina , Watzke Martin , Martens Juergen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAddition of unsaturated acid chlorides (II) to heterocyclic imines (I) followed by reaction with unsaturated nucleophiles (III), (VI), (IX) and subsequent ring closing metathesis afford the α,β‐unsaturated caprolactams (V), (VIII) and (XI), containing, sulfur, nitrogen, or selenium atoms in the δ‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Between 1‐Bromoalkynes and Grignard‐Derived Organocuprate Reagents.
Authors: Castagnolo Daniele , Botta Maurizio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe use of in situ generated organocopper instead of simple Grignard reagents is the key factor to suppress undesirable side homocoupling and to lead the reaction to completion.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneously Catalyzed Oxidative Cyanation of Tertiary Amines with Sodium Cyanide/Hydrogen Peroxide Using Polymer‐Supported Iron (II) Phthalocyanines as Catalyst.
Authors: Singhal Sweety , Jain Suman L. , Sain Bir 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe catalyst can be easily recovered and reused for at least five times without any loss of activity and metal leaching.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Thioglycolate to Chalcones Catalyzed by Lanthanum: Low Catalyst Loading and Remarkable Chiral Amplification.
Authors: Hui Yonghai , Jiang Jun , Wang Wentao , Chen Weiliang , Cai Yunfei , Lin Lili , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA remarkably strong positive nonlinear effect is observed using ligand (I) with only 2% enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium Metal Mediated Reductive Trifluoromethylation of Aldehydes with Phenyl Trifluoromethyl Sulfone.
Authors: Zhao Yanchuan , Zhu Jieming , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe method is suitable for enolizable and non‐enolizable aldehydes via formation of a CF3‐ species.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 3‐Chloro‐1‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)propan‐2‐one with Amines.
Authors: Yadigarov R. R. , Khalilov A. N. , Mamedov I. G. , Nagiev F. N. , Magerramov A. M. , Allakhverdiev M. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reaction of the title α‐chloro ketone (II) with primary amines is unexpectedly accompanied by a Favorskii rearrangement furnishing the amides (IV) (7 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Promoted, One‐Pot Conversion of Alkoxymethylated Protected Alcohols into Their Corresponding Nitriles, Bromides, and Iodides Using [bmim][InCl4] as a Green Catalyst.
Authors: Mirjafari Arsalan , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Moghadam Majid , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Mirkhani Valiollah , Khosropour Ahmad Reza 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDirect transformation of benzylic and aliphatic Mom and Eom ethers is achieved with the corresponding tetrabutylammonium salts.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Reusable PdCl2/TBAF System for the Heck Reaction under Ligand‐ and Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Tao Li‐Ming , Li Qiang‐Guo , Liu Wen‐Qi , Zhou Yun , Zhou Ju‐Feng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Heck cross‐coupling reaction between aryl halides and alkenes is improved by PdCl2 combined with Bu4NF (TBAF) under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Aza‐Ene‐Type Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral N,N′‐Dioxide‐Nickel(II) Complex.
Authors: Zheng Ke , Liu Xiaohua , Zhao Jiannan , Yang Yang , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe highly enantioselective aza‐ene‐type reaction of glyoxal derivatives (I) with enamides (X) and enecarbamates (II) and (VI) is realized using a chiral Ni‐complex as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Endoxifen is a New Potent Inhibitor of PKC: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Bipolar Disorder.
Authors: Ali Shoukath M. , Ahmad Ateeq , Shahabuddin Syed , Ahmad Moghis U. , Sheikh Saifuddin , Ahmad Imran 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEndoxifen (VII), a tamoxifen active metabolite, is synthesized starting from commercially available materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 2‐Substituted 2,5‐Dihydrofuranone Derivatives and Their Chemical Transformations.
Authors: Avetisyan A. A. , Alvandzhyan A. G. , Avetisyan K. S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTertiary α‐hydroxyketones react with malononitrile to give dihydrofuran‐2‐imines along with products of their subsequent reaction with a second malononitrile molecule.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of 7‐Aryl‐6,8‐dioxo‐2‐oxa‐3,7‐diazabicyclo[3.3.0]oct‐3‐ene‐4‐carboxylic and 7‐Aryl‐6,8‐dioxo‐1‐oxa‐2,7‐diazaspiro[4.4]non‐2‐ene‐3‐carboxylic Acid Esters.
Authors: Stepakov A. V. , Galkin I. A. , Larina A. G. , Molchanov A. P. , Kostikov R. R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reduction of the title compound with NaBH4 occurs selectivity at the carbonyl group in the carbonyl group in the β‐position with respect to the oxygen atom in the isoxazole ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazole‐3‐thiols and Their S‐Substituted Derivatives.
Authors: Kochikyan T. V. , Samvelyan M. A. , Arutyunyan V. S , Avetisyan A. A. , Tamazyan R. A. , Aivazyan A. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNew triazolethiols (IV) are synthesized via alkali‐mediated cyclization of 1,4‐disubstituted thiosemicarbazides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Behaviors of 4‐Amino‐5‐nitro‐1,2,3‐triazole (ANTZ) and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Bozhou , Li Jizhen , Huo Huan , Fan Xuezhong , Fu Xiaolong , Zhou Cheng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of 4‐amino‐5‐nitro‐1,2,3‐triazole (II), a high performance insensitive explosive, via Hofmann rearrangement and its transformation into a high nitrogen containing derivative (IV) or salt (VI) are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyketide Assembly by Alkene—Alkyne Reductive Cross‐Coupling: Spiroketals Through the Union of Homoallylic Alcohols.
Authors: Canterbury Daniel P. , Micalizio Glenn C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA reaction sequence involving regioselective formal hydroalkynylation, reductive ene‐yne cross‐coupling, and oxidative cyclization is developed to prepare stereochemically dense spiroketals following similar pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 3‐Alkanoyl/Aroyl/Heteroaroyl‐2H‐chromene‐2‐thiones: Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activities.
Authors: Singh Okram Mukherjee , Devi Nepram Sushuma , Thokchom Dhanaraj Singh , Sharma Gurumayum Jitendra 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA combinatorial library of title chromenethiones is synthesized by condensation of β‐oxodithioesters (I) with aromatic aldehydes (II) under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of Hantzsch Esters and Polyhydroquinoline Derivatives Using New Organocatalyst.
Authors: Baghbanian Seyed Meysam , Khaksar Samad , Vahdat Seyed Mohammad , Farhang Maryam , Tajbakhsh Mahmood 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGuanidine hydrochloride is highly efficient for the synthesis of esters (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Amidation of C(sp2)—H Bonds: Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐2‐quinolinones.
Authors: Inamoto Kiyofumi , Saito Tadataka , Hiroya Kou , Doi Takayuki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe tosyl group is found to be the most effective one for N‐protection of the educts.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral 1‐Aryl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinolines by Cobalt‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of 1‐Aryl‐1,7‐octadiynes and Nitriles.
Authors: Hapke Marko , Kral Karolin , Fischer Christine , Spannenberg Anke , Gutnov Andrey , Redkin Dmitry , Heller Barbara 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA similar reaction of 1‐aryl‐1,6‐heptadiynes is also possible, but it proceeds without asymmetric induction.
ChemInform Abstract: Retropinacol Rearrangement in the Synthesis of 3,3,4‐Trimethyl‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Shklyaev Yu. V. , Gilev M. Yu. , Maiorova O. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThree‐component condensation of veratrole (I) with pivalaldehyde and nitriles in conc.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclization of Ethyl 1‐Alkyl‐5‐benzoyl‐6‐methylsulfanyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridine‐3‐carboxyla tes into Bicyclic N‐Alkyl‐5‐benzoyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridine‐3‐carboxamide Derivatives by the Action of Nitrogen‐Containing 1,4‐ and 1,5‐Binucleophiles.
Authors: Britsun V. N. , Esipenko A. N. , Gutov A. V. , Chernega A. N. , Lozinskii M. O. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecyclization of the title compounds provides a new synthetic route to previously unknown fused 3‐alkylcarbamoyl‐5‐benzoylpyridin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Dialkylaminoalkylamino Benzo[c][1,7] and [1,8]Phenanthrolines as Antiproliferative Agents.
Authors: Serbetci Tuba , Genes Constance , Depauw Sabine , Prado Soizic , Poree Francois‐Hugues , Hildebrand Marie‐Paule , David‐Cordonnier Marie‐Helene , Michel Sylvie , Tillequin Francois 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTitle compounds (IV) as well as its [1,8]‐regioisomers display more potent cytotoxicity toward L1210 cells than the unsubstituted parent compounds, associated with strong DNA interaction.
ChemInform Abstract: First Biological Evaluation of Developed 3‐Benzyloxyfluorenes as Novel Class of MDR Modulators.
Authors: Krug Martin , Voigt Burkhardt , Baumert Christiane , Luepken Ralf , Molnar Josef , Hilgeroth Andreas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTitle compounds (VI) are synthesized and evaluated as novel multidrug resistance (MDR) modulators.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual [4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Reaction Between Electron‐Poor 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes and Electron‐Poor Alkenes: Useful Entry to Novel Tetrahydropyridazines.
Authors: D'Auria Maurizio , Racioppi Rocco , Attanasi Orazio A. , Mantellini Fabio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe process provides novel title compounds whose regioselectivity can be explained by interaction of the diene LUMO and the alkene HOMO.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Benzimidazole—Pyrimidine Conjugates as Potent Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Abdel‐Mohsen Heba T. , Ragab Fatma A. F. , Ramla Mostafa M. , El Diwani Hoda I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA convergent synthesis provides the required target compound (III) which is subsequently halogenated to afford the highly activated intermediate (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Analgesic, anti‐Pyretic and DNA Cleavage Studies of Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives of Coumarin Moiety.
Authors: Keri Rangappa S. , Hosamani Kallappa M. , Shingalapur Ramya V. , Hugar Mallinath H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSome of the newly synthesized compounds, e.g. (Va), show significant anti‐pyretic activities comparable with standard drug aspirine.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New Bis‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones by Using Silica‐Supported Tin Chloride and Titanium Tetrachloride.
Authors: Niknam Khodabakhsh , Hasaninejad Alireza , Arman Madihe 
Published: September 2010

AbstractReaction times and yields are similar under conditions A) and B).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Novel Series of Spiro[(2h,3H)quinazoline‐2,1′‐cyclohexan]‐4(1H)‐one Derivatives as Antiinflammatory and Analgesic Agents.
Authors: Amin K. M. , Kamel M. M. , Anwar M. M. , Khedr M. , Syam Y. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThree series of title derivatives attached to aromatic and/or heterocyclic ring systems are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Chromeno[2,3‐b]‐pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Rai U. Sankappa , Isloor Arun M. , Shetty Prakash , Vijesh A. M. , Prabhu Nithin , Isloor Shrikrishna , Thiageeswaran M. , Fun Hoong‐Kun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAll newly synthesized chromeno[2,3‐b]‐pyrimidines (I) are screened for their antibacterial activity by MIC method.
ChemInform Abstract: [4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition of Alkyl Vinyl Ethers to 3‐Aroylpyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline‐1,2‐dione.
Authors: Silaichev P. S. , Kryuchkova M. A. , Maslivets A. N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe title reaction results in the efficient formation of new, difficultly accessible bridged heterocycles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosylation, Sugar Hydrazones, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some 6‐Substituted‐1,2,4‐triazines.
Authors: El‐Barbary A. A. , Hafiz Y. A. , Abdel‐Wahed M. S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSome reactions of 6‐substituted‐1,2,4‐triazines of type (I) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Potential Cytotoxic Activity of New Phenanthrylphenol‐Pyrrolobenzodiazepines.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Sreekanth Kokkonda , Kumar P. Praveen , Shankaraiah Nagula , Balakishan G. , Ramaiah M. Janaki , Pushpavalli S. N. C. V. L. , Ray Paramita , Bhadra Manika Pal 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe potential of title compounds (V) as anticancer agents is evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Substitution of Ferrocenyl Alcohols by Cerium Ammonium Nitrate: C—N, C—S, and C—O Bonds Formation.
Authors: Jiang Ran , Zhang Ying , Shen Ye‐Chen , Zhu Xu , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Ji Shun‐Jun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFerrocenyl alcohols undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions to give the arylamine, thioether, and ether products (III), (V), and (VII) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Fructo‐ and D‐Psicofuranosylation Reactions Catalyzed by Scandium Triflate.
Authors: Yamanoi Takashi , Ishiyama Toshiaki , Oda Yoshiki , Matsuda Sho , Watanabe Mikio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSeveral novel disaccharides, e.g. derivatives (III)/(IV) and (VII)/(VIII), are readily prepared by scandium‐catalyzed glycosidation of sugar alcohols with acetates (I) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly α‐Selective Synthesis of Sialyl Spirohydantoins by Regiospecific Domino Condensation/O→N Acyl Migration/N‐Sialylation of Carbodiimines with Peracetylated Sialic Acid.
Authors: Zhang Dengyou , Ye Deju , Feng Enguang , Wang Jinfang , Shi Jianmei , Jiang Hualiang , Liu Hong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe new and efficient approach affords title compounds which are of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Intramolecular Photocycloaddition—Retro‐Mannich Fragmentation as a Route to Spiro[pyrrolidine‐3,3′‐oxindoles]. Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Coerulescine (VIa), (.+‐.)‐Horsfiline (VIb), (.+‐.)‐Elacomine (VII), and (.+‐.)‐6‐Deoxyelacomine (VIII).
Authors: White James D. , Li Yang , Ihle David C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIrradiation of tryptamine derivatives like (I) leads to fused cyclobutanes which spontaneously undergo retro‐Mannich reaction as a new approach to spiro compounds such as (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2′‐Fluoro and 2′,4′‐Dimethyl Pyrimidine C‐Nucleoside Analogues as Potential anti‐HCV Agents.
Authors: Liu Lian Jin , Hong Joon Hee 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe title compounds, e.g. (XI) exhibit no activity or cytotoxicity in the HCV (hepatitis‐C virus) assay.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Novel SATE Derivatives of Acyclic Isocytosine and 9‐Deazaadenine C‐Nucleosides.
Authors: Liu Lian Jin , Hong Joon Hee 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLipophilic prodrugs of acyclic cyclobutylated C‐nucleosides, isocytosine (VI) and 9‐deazaadenine (XI), are prepared by applying the bis(SATE) approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Modification of Usnic Acid. Part 3. Reaction of (+)‐Usnic Acid with Substituted Phenylhydrazines.
Authors: Luzina O. A. , Polovinka M. P. , Salakhutdinov N. F. , Tolstikov G. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reaction of (+)‐usnic acid (I) with arylhydrazines (II) leads to the fused pyrazole derivatives (III), whilst the reaction with nitrophenylhydrazines (V) gives rise to hydrazones (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Novel Benzofuran Neolignan Derivatives.
Authors: Fan Hua‐Fang , Ren Ying‐Mei , Wu Xiu‐Ling , Wang Qiu‐An 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDifferent prenyl and farnesyl substituted neolignans, e.g. (I), are synthesized via a biomimetic reaction sequence involving oxidative dimerization of methyl ferulate and tested for their cytotoxic activity against several tumor cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Seven Novel Linear Polyketides from Xylaria sp. NCY2
Authors: Hu Zhi‐Yu , Li Yao‐Yao , Lu Chun‐Hua , Lin Ting , Hu Ping , Shen Yue‐Mao 
Published: September 2010

Abstractisolation and structure elucidation of xylariates A (III), B (IV), C (V), and D (VII), and some derivatives (I), (II), (VI)
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Some Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Complexes Based on Polyoxometalates
Authors: Lu Can‐Zhong , Zhai Quan‐Guo , Wu Xiao‐Yuan , Chen Li‐Juan , Chen Shu‐Mei , Zhao Zhen‐Guo , Jiang Xiao‐Yu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractReview: 55 refs.
Chiral separation of neonicotinoid insecticides by polysaccharide‐type stationary phases using high‐performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Jin Lixia , Zhou Shanshan , Zhang Yifan , Feng Shuoli , Zhou Qinyan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe enantiomeric separations of three neonicotinoid insecticides (identified as compounds 1, 2, and 3) were performed on three polysaccharide‐type chiral columns, that is, Chiralcel OD‐H, Chiralpak AD‐H, and Chiralpak IB, by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Effects of the modifier percentage and column temperature on chiral recognitions of chiral stationary phases were also studied. Both 1 and 2 could be resolved on all three columns selected, with the highest Rs values obtained on Chiralpak AD‐H and Chiralcel OD‐H, respectively. However, satisfactory separation of the four stereoisomers of 3 was only achieved on Chiralcel OD‐H. Considering the effects of ethanol on the values of k, α, and Rs, we concluded that hydrogen bonding, π–π, and/or dipole–dipole interactions might be all responsible for the chiral separation. In comparison to HPLC, a shorter run time was achieved for 1 and 2 by SFC. However, 3 could not be stereoselectively resolved using SFC. On the basis of the calculated thermodynamic parameters, we found that the separation processes of enantiomers of 1 and 2 were entropy controlled and enthalpy controlled, respectively. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thalamocortical pathway specialization for sound frequency resolution
Authors: Storace Douglas A. , Higgins Nathan C. , Read Heather L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCore auditory cortices are organized in parallel pathways that process incoming sensory information differently. In the rat, sound filtering properties of the primary (A1) and ventral (VAF) auditory fields are markedly different, yet both are core regions that by definition receive most of their thalamic input from the ventral nucleus (MGBv) of the medial geniculate body (MGB). For example, spike rate responses to sound intensity and frequency are more narrowly resolved in VAF vs. A1. Here we question whether there are anatomic correlates of the marked differences in response properties in these two core auditory fields. Combined Fourier optical imaging and multiunit recording methods were used to map tone frequency responses with high spatial resolution in A1, VAF, and neighboring cortices. The cortical distance representing a given octave was similar, yet response frequency resolution was about twice as large in VAF as in A1. Retrograde tracers were injected into low‐ and high‐isofrequency contours of both regions to compare MGBv label patterns. The distance between clusters of MGBv neurons projecting to low‐ and high‐isofrequency contours in the cortex was twice as large in caudal as in rostral MGB. This suggests that differences in A1 and VAF frequency resolution are related to the anatomic spatial resolution of frequency laminae in the thalamus, supporting a growing consensus that antecedents of cortical specialization can be attributed in part to the structural and functional characteristics of thalamocortical inputs. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:177‐193, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of interstitial branching in the development of visual corticocortical connections: A time‐lapse and fixed‐tissue analysis
Authors: Ruthazer Edward S. , Bachleda Amelia R. , Olavarria Jaime F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe combined fixed‐tissue and time‐lapse analyses to investigate the axonal branching phenomena underlying the development of topographically organized ipsilateral projections from area 17 to area 18a in the rat. These complementary approaches allowed us to relate static, large‐scale information provided by traditional fixed‐tissue analysis to highly dynamic, local, small‐scale branching phenomena observed with two‐photon time‐lapse microscopy in acute slices of visual cortex. Our fixed‐tissue data revealed that labeled area 17 fibers invaded area 18a gray matter at topographically restricted sites, reaching superficial layers in significant numbers by postnatal day 6 (P6). Moreover, most parental axons gave rise to only one or occasionally a small number of closely spaced interstitial branches beneath 18a. Our time‐lapse data showed that many filopodium‐like branches emerged along parental axons in white matter or deep layers in area 18a. Most of these filopodial branches were transient, often disappearing after several minutes to hours of exploratory extension and retraction. These dynamic behaviors decreased significantly from P4, when the projection is first forming, through the second postnatal week, suggesting that the expression of, or sensitivity to, cortical cues promoting new branch addition in the white matter is developmentally down‐regulated coincident with gray matter innervation. Together, these data demonstrate that the development of topographically organized corticocortical projections in rats involves extensive exploratory branching along parental axons and invasion of cortex by only a small number of interstitial branches, rather than the widespread innervation of superficial cortical layers by an initially exuberant population of branches. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4963–4979, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurogenic hippocampal targets of deep brain stimulation
Authors: Encinas Juan M. , Hamani Clement , Lozano Andres M. , Enikolopov Grigori 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is being used to treat movement, neurological, and psychiatric disorders; recently it has been successfully applied to patients with treatment‐resistant depression or in minimally conscious state. In addition to its clinical importance, DBS presents a powerful approach to target specific neural circuits and determine the functional relationship between the components of these circuits. We examined the effect of high‐frequency stimulation of a crucial component of the limbic circuitry, the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN), on the generation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, another component of the same circuitry. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis emerges as a strong correlate of antidepressant treatments; however, in most cases, the progenitor cell population targeted by a specific treatment is not known. Using reporter mouse lines designed to quantify changes in selected classes of neural progenitors, we found that high‐frequency stimulation of the ATN increases symmetric divisions of a defined class of neural progenitors in the DG; this effect is later manifested as an increased number of new neurons. The affected class of neural progenitors is also affected by the antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac) and physical exercise (running). This indicates that neurogenic stimuli of different natures can converge on the same neurogenic target in the DG. Our results also suggest that hippocampal neurogenesis may be used as a sensitive indicator of the limbic circuitry activation induced by DBS. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:6‐20, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.