bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antennal sensory structures in Scaphoideus titanus ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Stacconi Marco Valerio Rossi , Romani Roberto 
Published: September 2011

AbstractScaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) is a leafhopper vector of a phytoplasma disease, the Flavescence dorée (FD), belonging to the vine yellows group. A scanning and transmission electron microscope study has been carried out to investigate the antennal sensory structures. The first two segments, the scape and the pedicel, are short, covered by cuticular scales and devoid of sensilla, with exception of some scattered hairs on the pedicel. The flagellum consists of a unique, elongated segment in which numerous subunits can be recognized, being separated by a sort of cuticular crown. The proximal five subunits bear most of the sensilla. We discovered the presence of single‐ and double‐walled coeloconic sensilla, campaniform sensilla, basiconic sensilla, and trichoid sensilla. A scolopidium is located within the proximal region of the flagellum. Ultrastructural investigations suggest that the antennal sensilla could be involved in the perception of air‐borne vibrations, temperature, and humidity variations. The most relevant feature is the extreme reduction of the olfactory sensilla, both in terms of number of sensory structures and sensory neurons per sensillum. The strong reduction in antennal olfactory sensilla to which this specie has undergone is discussed as possible consequence of the specificity toward the host plant. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“They're going to unplug grandma”: Advance directive discussions and documentation do not decrease survival in patients at baseline lower risk of death
Authors: Fischer Stacy M. , Min Sung‐Joon , Sauaia Angela , Kutner Jean S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of having advance directive (AD) discussions or having an AD in the medical record on patient survival.DESIGN:Prospective observational cohort study.SETTING:Three Colorado area hospitals: a large academic tertiary referral center, a Veteran's Affairs medical center, and an urban safety net hospital.PARTICIPANTS:Four hundred fifty‐eight adults admitted to the general internal medicine service interviewed about AD discussions. A concurrent chart review documented the presence of an AD in the medical record. Participants were stratified into low, medium, and high risk of death within 1 year based on validated prognostic criteria.MEASURES:Kaplan‐Meier survival plots were estimated for those at low and medium risk of death.RESULTS:No significant differences in survival for participants at low and medium risk of death who reported having had an AD discussion and those who had not (Wilcoxon low risk, P = 0.97; medium risk, P = 0.28; and log‐rank low risk, P = 0.82; medium risk, P = 0.45), and for those who had an AD in the medical record vs those who did not (Wilcoxon low risk, P = 0.84; medium risk, P = 0.78; and log‐rank low risk, P = 0.86; medium risk, P = 0.69).CONCLUSIONS:There is no evidence that AD discussions or documentation result in increased mortality. In regards to the current national debate about the merits of advance care planning, this study suggests that honoring patients' wishes to engage in AD discussions and documentation does not lead to harm. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
T2‐weighted cardiac MR assessment of the myocardial area‐at‐risk and salvage area in acute reperfused myocardial infarction: Comparison of state‐of‐the‐art dark blood and bright blood T2‐weighted sequences
Authors: Viallon Magalie , Mewton Nathan , Thuny Franck , Guehring Jens , O'Donnell Thomas , Stemmer Alto , Bi Xiaoming , Rapacchi Stanislas , Zuehlsdorff Sven , Revel Didier , Croisille Pierre 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose:To compare different state‐of‐the‐art T2‐weighted (T2w) imaging sequences combined with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) for myocardial salvage area (MSA) assessment by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). T2w imaging has been used to assess the myocardial area at risk (AAR) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, but its clinical application is challenging due to technical and physical limitations.Materials and Methods:Thirty patients with reperfused AMI underwent complete CMR imaging 2–5 days after hospital admission. Myocardial AAR and MSA were quantified on four different T2w sequences: (a) free‐breathing T2‐prepared single‐shot balanced steady‐state free precession (T2p_ssbSSFP); (b) breathhold T2‐weighted acquisition for cardiac unified T2 edema (ACUTE); (c) breathhold T2w dark‐blood inversion recovery turbo‐spin echo (IR‐TSE) (short‐term inversion recovery: STIR); and (d) free‐breathing high‐resolution T2 dark‐blood navigated BLADE. The diagnostic performance of each technique was also assessed.Results:Quantitative analysis showed significant differences in myocardial AAR extent as quantified by the four T2w sequences (P < 0.05). There were also significant differences in sensitivity, specificity and overall diagnostic performance.Conclusion:Detection and quantification of AAR, and thus of MSA, by T2wCMR in reperfused AMI patients varied significantly between different T2w sequences in the same clinical setting. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;328‐339. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiac motion in diffusion‐weighted MRI of the liver: artifact and a method of correction
Authors: Liau Joy , Lee Jimmy , Schroeder Michael E. , Sirlin Claude B. , Bydder Mark 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose:To characterize cardiac motion artifacts in the liver and assess the use of a postprocessing method to mitigate these artifacts in repeat measurements.Materials and Methods:Three subjects underwent breathhold diffusion‐weighted (DW) scans consisting of 25 repetitions for three b‐values (0, 500, 1000 sec/mm2). Statistical maps computed from these repetitions were used to assess the distribution and behavior of cardiac motion artifacts in the liver. An objective postprocessing method to reduce the artifacts was compared with radiologist‐defined gold standards.Results:Signal dropout is pronounced in areas proximal to the heart, such as the left lobe, but also present in the right lobe and in distal liver segments. The dropout worsens with b‐value and leads to overestimation of the diffusivity. By reference to a radiologist‐defined gold standard, a postprocessing correction method is shown to reduce cardiac motion artifact.Conclusion:Cardiac motion leads to significant artifacts in liver DW imaging; we propose a postprocessing method that may be used to mitigate the artifact and is advantageous to standard signal averaging in acquisitions with multiple repetitions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;318‐327. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of combining field strengths on auditory functional MRI group analysis: 1.5T and 3T
Authors: Han Kihwan , Talavage Thomas M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate effects of combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired from different field strengths on group analysis as a function of the number of subjects at each field strength.Materials and Methods:In all, 28 subjects (18 at 3T) participated in an auditory task of passively listening to a 0.75s segment of jazz music in an event‐related design. Results of single‐subject analysis were combined to create all possible subject combinations for a group size of eight subjects from each of the 3T and 1.5T pools, comprising subject mixtures of (3T/1.5T) 0/8, 2/6, 4/4, 6/2, and 8/0. Group analysis performance of each subject permutation was measured by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and activation overlap maps.Results:While area under ROC curves, extent of activation in the gold standard region, and reliability of activation increased with the number of 3T subjects, marginal gain decreased. ROC performance overlap across mixtures was observed, indicating that some combinations of subjects markedly outperformed others. For detection of activation, 4/4 was arguably the minimum mixture level that was comparable to 3T‐only group results.Conclusion:Inclusion of 1.5T data does not necessarily reduce the validity of group analysis. Lower field strength data was found only to limit detection power, but did not affect specificity. Within the limits of realignment error, these results should also extend to group longitudinal analyses of subject mixtures from different field strengths. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproducibility of 3D 1H MR spectroscopic imaging of the prostate at 1.5T
Authors: Lagemaat Miriam W. , Zechmann Christian M. , Fütterer Jurgen J. , Weiland Elisabeth , Lu Jianping , Villeirs Geert M. , Holshouser Barbara A. , van Hecke Paul , Lemort Marc , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Barentsz Jelle O. , Roell Stefan O. , Heerschap Arend , Scheenen Tom W.J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose:To determine the reproducibility of 3D proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H‐MRSI) of the human prostate in a multicenter setting at 1.5T.Materials and Methods:Fourteen subjects were measured twice with 3D point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) 1H‐MRSI using an endorectal coil. MRSI voxels were selected in the peripheral zone and combined central gland at the same location in the prostate in both measurements. Voxels with approved spectral quality were included to calculate Bland–Altman parameters for reproducibility from the choline plus creatine to citrate ratio (CC/C). The repeated spectroscopic data were also evaluated with a standardized clinical scoring system.Results:A total of 74 voxels were included for reproducibility analysis. The complete range of biologically interesting CC/C ratios was covered. The overall within‐voxel standard deviation (SD) of the CC/C ratio of the repeated measurements was 0.13. This value is equal to the between‐subject SD of noncancer prostate tissue. In >90% of the voxels the standardized clinical score did not differ relevantly between the measurements.Conclusion:Repeated measurements of in vivo 3D 1H‐MRSI of the complete prostate at 1.5T produce equal and quantitative results. The reproducibility of the technique is high enough to provide it as a reliable tool in assessing tumor presence in the prostate. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:166‐173. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relationship between Lamb weather types and long‐term changes in flood frequency, River Eden, UK
Authors: Pattison Ian , Lane Stuart N. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractResearch has found that both flood magnitude and frequency in the UK may have increased over the last five decades. However, evaluating whether or not this is a systematic trend is difficult because of the lack of longer records. Here we compile and consider an extreme flood record that extends back to 1770. Since 1770, there have been 137 recorded extreme floods. However, over this period, there is not a unidirectional trend of rising extreme flood risk over time. Instead, there are clear flood‐rich and flood‐poor periods. Three main flood‐rich periods were identified: 1873–1904, 1923–1933, and 1994 onwards. To provide a first analysis of what is driving these periods, and given the paucity of more sophisticated datasets that extend back to the 18th century, objective Lamb weather types were used. Of the 27 objective Lamb weather types, only 11 could be associated with the extreme floods during the gauged period, and only 5 of these accounted for > 80% of recorded extreme floods The importance of these five weather types over a longer timescale for flood risk in Carlisle was assessed, through calculating the proportion of each hydrological year classified as being associated with these flood‐generating weather types. Two periods clearly had more than the average proportions of the year classified as one of the flood causing weather types; 1900–1940 and 1983–2007; and these two periods both contained flood‐rich hydrological records. Thus, the analysis suggests that systematic organisation of the North Atlantic climate system may be manifest as periods of elevated and reduced flood risk, an observation that has major implications for analyses that assume that climatic drivers of flood risk can be either statistically stationary or are following a simple trend. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Contribution of late spring Eurasian snow cover extent to Canadian winter temperatures
Authors: Shabbar Amir , Zhao Hongxu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study examines intercontinental linkages between late spring and early summer Eurasian snow cover extent (SCEss) anomalies and the following winter temperature anomalies over Canada for the 1972–2006 period. The structure of the second interannual mode of Canadian winter temperatures variability captures the SCEss related modulation. The North Atlantic winter atmospheric circulation changes associated with the SCEss, resembling the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), suggest a possible pathway for the SCEss influences on the Canadian winter temperatures.Regression and composite analyses show that the SCEss relate robustly to the Canadian winter climate. Larger‐than‐normal SCEss is associated with below normal winter temperatures in south‐central Canada and above normal temperatures over northeastern Canada. Predictive skill of Canadian winter temperatures based on a cross‐validated regression model shows that the SCEss offers the predictive potential over regions of Canada where El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related skill is weak or nonexistent. Analysis of winter extreme minimum temperatures, by a non‐stationary generalized extreme value model, with the SCEss as a covariate, exhibits statistically significant changes over Canada resembling a pattern similar to that of winter mean temperatures. Wavelet analysis shows significant coherence between the SCEss and the second mode of winter temperature variability in the 8–12‐year band. Copyright © 2011 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Kyphoplasty in patients with multiple myeloma a retrospective comparative pilot study
Authors: Kasperk Christian , Haas Andreas , Hillengass Jens , Weiss Christel , Neben Kai , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Sommer Ulrike , Nawroth Peter , Meeder Peter‐Jürgen , Wiedenhöfer Bernd , Schmidmaier Gerhard , Tanner Michael , Neuhof Dirk , Nöldge Gerd , Grafe Ingo A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective study of 73 myeloma patients with painful vertebral lesions compares clinical and radiomorphological outcomes up to 2 years after additional kyphoplasty, radiation therapy or systemic treatment only.MethodsWe assessed pain, disability and radiomorphological parameters by visual analogue scale (VAS 0‐100), Oswestry Disability Index and by re‐evaluating available follow‐up X‐rays, respectively, in patients that were treated according to a clinical pathway.ResultsAfter 2 years the VAS score was reduced in all groups by 66 ± 8.2 (kyphoplasty), 35 ± 10.5 (radiation therapy) and 38 ± 20.5 (systemic therapy only). Only after kyphoplasty we observed a significantly reduced Oswestry Disability Index after 1 year (P < 0.001). Vertebral height remained stable after kyphoplasty (P = 0.283), in contrast to a progressive height loss in the other groups (P = 0.013 and P = 0.015 for radiation and systemic therapy only, respectively). Two years after kyphoplasty and radiotherapy the overall vertebral fracture incidence was significantly decreased as compared to the group after systemic therapy only (9.7% of all thoracic and lumbar vertebrae had new vertebral fractures after systemic therapy only, 2% after kyphoplasty (P < 0.001), 4.8% after radiation (P = 0.032)).ConclusionAdditional kyphoplasty was more effective than additional radiation or systemic therapy in terms of pain relief, reduction of pain associated disability and reduction of fracture incidence of the entire lumbar and thoracic spine. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:679–686. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of Interfacial Activity and Micelle Formation on Rheological Behavior and Microstructure of Reactively Compatibilized PP/PET Blends
Authors: Entezam Mahdi , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Yousefi Ali Akbar , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Wagenknecht Udo , Heinrich Gert , Kretzschmar Bernd 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDynamic and start‐up shear flow experiments along with SEM analysis are described for a PP/PET blend compatibilized by two reactive compatibilizers with different interfacial activity and rheological characteristics. The linear viscoelastic behavior of the blends is discussed using Palierne and fractional Zener models (FZMs). The nonzero value of Ge, the elastic modulus of spring element of FZM, is explained by the network‐like structure of the blends attributed to the interconnectivity between dispersed‐phase domains. Ge increases with increasing interfacial activity. Micelle formation due to extra amounts of compatibilizer in a system with higher interfacial activity leads to an increase of the elastic modulus, but to Ge = 0 in system with lower interfacial activity.magnified image
Mechanisms underlying somatostatin receptor 2 down‐regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in response to hypoxia in mouse retinal explants
Authors: Mei Sara , Cammalleri Maurizio , Azara Danilo , Casini Giovanni , Bagnoli Paola , Dal Monte Massimo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHypoxia is a trigger of VEGF expression, the primary cause of retinal pathologies characterized by neovascularization. During hypoxia, transcription factors such as STAT3 and HIF‐1 promote the increase in VEGF expression. Octreotide, a somatostatin receptor 2 (sst2)‐preferring agonist, reduces retinal VEGF expression and neovascularization. To investigate the intracellular pathways linking sst2 activation to the inhibition of hypoxia‐induced VEGF up‐regulation, we used pharmacological approaches and siRNA in mouse retinal explants cultured in normoxia or hypoxia. In hypoxic explants in which STAT3 or HIF‐1 was inhibited, we observed the existence of reciprocal interactions between STAT3 and HIF‐1, which synergistically induced VEGF expression. Octreotide prevented hypoxia‐induced activation of STAT3 and HIF‐1, and the downstream increase in VEGF expression, as evaluated in hypoxic explants treated with pharmacological inhibitors of STAT3 or HIF‐1 and in normoxic explants in which pharmacological activators of STAT3 or HIF‐1 were used to mimic a hypoxia‐like response. The effect of octreotide on STAT3 activation is in part indirect, through the blockade of VEGFR‐2 phosphorylation. The effect of octreotide on STAT3, HIF‐1, VEGFR‐2, and VEGF required Src homology region 2 domain‐containing phosphatase 1 (SHP‐1). In hypoxic extracts, octreotide induced SHP‐1 phosphorylation and activation, and inhibiting SHP‐1 abolished the octreotide effect on STAT3, HIF‐1, VEGFR‐2, and VEGF. The central role of SHP‐1 in the modulation of STAT3 and HIF‐1 was confirmed in normoxic explants in which pharmacologically activated SHP‐1 prevented the effect of STAT3 or HIF‐1 activation. Immunohistochemical studies showed that under hypoxia sst2 and VEGF are expressed by retinal vessels, thus indicating a possible direct effect of octreotide on VEGF‐containing endothelial cells. These data clarify the mechanism by which octreotide prevents hypoxia‐induced VEGF up‐regulation and support the effectiveness of octreotide in treatment of oxygen‐induced retinopathies. These results may have implications in designing therapies targeting STAT3 and/or HIF‐1 aimed at preventing retinal neovascularization. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Severity of doxorubicin‐induced small intestinal mucositis is regulated by the TLR‐2 and TLR‐9 pathways
Authors: Kaczmarek Agnieszka , Brinkman Brigitta M , Heyndrickx Liesbeth , Vandenabeele Peter , Krysko Dmitri V 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntestinal mucositis is a serious complication of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy; it frequently compromises treatment and dramatically reduces the quality of life of patients. Different approaches to limit the damage to the intestine during anti‐cancer therapy have been largely ineffective due to insufficient knowledge of the mechanism of mucositis development. This study aimed to define the role of TLR‐2 and TLR‐9 in the modulation of small intestinal damage in a model of doxorubicin‐induced mucositis. Doxorubicin‐induced intestinal damage was verified by a histological score (HS), analysis of leukocyte influx into the lamina propria, and determination of the number of apoptotic cells. Additionally, the activation status of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK‐3β) was assessed. Wild‐type (WT) mice injected with doxorubicin demonstrated severe intestinal damage (HS 8.0 ± 0.81), reduction of villus length to 43.9% ± 13.7% of original length, and increased influx of leukocytes as compared to vehicle‐injected mice (HS 1.33 ± 1.15). The protective effect of TLR‐2 or TLR‐9 deficiency was associated with a significant decrease of the HS as compared to WT mice. In the ileum, a minor reduction of villus length and a decreased number of infiltrating leukocytes and TUNEL‐positive cells was observed. We demonstrate that the TLR‐9 antagonist ODN2088 reduces doxorubicin‐induced intestinal damage. Furthermore, we show that GSK‐3β activity is inhibited in the absence of TLR‐2. The protective capacity of GSK‐3β suppression was observed in WT mice by inhibiting it with the specific inhibitor SB216763. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the TLR‐2/GSK‐3β and TLR‐9 signalling pathways play a central role in the development of intestinal mucositis and we suggest a new therapeutic strategy for limiting doxorubicin‐induced intestinal inflammation. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of free‐volume theory to self diffusion of solvents in polymers below the glass transition temperature: A review
Authors: Ramesh N. , Davis P. K. , Zielinski J. M. , Danner R. P. , Duda J. L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTheories based on free‐volume concepts have been developed to characterize the self and mutual‐diffusion coefficients of low molecular weight penetrants in rubbery and glassy polymer‐solvent systems. These theories are applicable over wide ranges of temperature and concentration. The capability of free‐volume theory to describe solvent diffusion in glassy polymers is reviewed in this article. Two alternative free‐volume based approaches used to evaluate solvent self‐diffusion coefficients in glassy polymer‐solvent systems are compared in terms of their differences and applicability. The models can correlate/predict temperature and concentration dependencies of the solvent diffusion coefficient. With the appropriate accompanying thermodynamic factors they can be used to model concentration profiles in mutual diffusion processes that are Fickian such as drying of coatings. The free‐volume methodology has been found to be consistent with molecular dynamics simulations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011