bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free‐Radical Propagation Kinetics of N‐Vinyl Formamide in Aqueous Solution Studied by PLP–SEC
Authors: Stach Marek , Lacík Igor , Kasák Peter , Chorvát Dušan , Saunders Alan J. , Santanakrishnan Sandhya , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe propagation rate coefficients, kp, were determined for free‐radical polymerization of N‐vinyl formamide (NVF) in aqueous solution by pulsed‐laser‐initiated polymerization in conjunction with size‐exclusion chromatography. The polymerizations were carried out in the temperature range from 5 to 60 °C for concentrations between 3 and 100 wt.‐% NVF. A six‐fold decrease in kp was observed between polymerization of NVF in dilute aqueous solution and in bulk monomer. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and dipolar interactions between solvent molecules and the transition state structure for NVF propagation are proposed to be responsible for these observed solvent effects, which are compared to similar effects found for the aqueous solution polymerizations of nonionized methacrylic acid and N‐vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP). Batch aqueous‐phase polymerizations of NVF and NVP demonstrate that the difference in initial rates of fractional conversion correlates with the differences in kp values for these two monomers. 2D NMR is used to study transfer reactions that occur at higher temperatures and NVF concentrations to the formic group and to the polyNVF backbone.magnified image
Excessive hoarding in Parkinson's disease
Authors: O'Sullivan Sean S. , Djamshidian Atbin , Evans Andrew H. , Loane Clare M. , Lees Andrew J. , Lawrence Andrew D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHoarding is seen in several psychiatric conditions, but has not been specifically assessed in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study investigates hoarding tendency amongst patients with PD, and its association with impulsive‐compulsive spectrum behaviors (ICBs). We compare clinical features, measures of hoarding, impulse buying, self‐control, obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, depression, and anxiety in 39 patients with PD with ICBs (PD + ICB), 61 patients with PD without ICBs (PD − ICB), and 50 healthy controls. A much higher proportion of PD + ICB (27.8%) than PD − ICB (3.5%) were hoarders (P = 0.001). 6% of healthy controls were hoarders. Compulsive shoppers scored higher than other varieties of ICB on excessive acquisition measures. Hoarding correlated positively with impulsive buying, obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, PD duration, and negatively with self‐control measures. Using multivariate regression analyzes, the presence of ICBs and measures of impulsive buying were the only variables independently associated with hoarding in PD. The association of hoarding with other ICBs and low trait impulse control suggests that excessive hoarding is related to the spectrum of impulsive behaviors in PD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Feeling‐of‐knowing in episodic memory in patients with Parkinson's disease with various motor symptoms
Authors: Yu Rwei‐Ling , Wu Ruey‐Meei , Tai Chun‐Hwei , Lin Chin‐Hsien , Hua Mau‐Sun 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine metamemory in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with different dominant motor symptoms. This is a prospective case‐control study. Fifty‐five PD patients [25 patients with tremor‐dominant (TD) motor symptoms and 30 patients with akinetic and rigidity‐dominant (ARD) motor symptoms] and 30 normal controls were studied. The two patient groups were similar in terms of age, level of education, disease duration, and disease severity. Metamemory was measured using the experimental metamemory task [feeling‐of‐knowing (FOK) paradigm]. In addition, memory and executive functions were determined using detailed cognitive tests. In comparison with normal subjects and TD patients, ARD patients exhibited impaired FOK accuracy (P = 0.007). Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed an intergroup differential pattern, which indicated that FOK accuracy was primarily related to memory ability in ARD patients and executive function in TD patients. Our results provide evidence of impaired metamemory in the early stages of PD with ARD rather than TD motor symptoms. These findings might be useful for designing specific medical care strategies for ARD patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether impaired metamemory is an early predictor for brain alteration in PD patients. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
On the stabilization of reaction–diffusion systems modeling a class of man‐environment epidemics: A review
Authors: Aniţa Sebastian , Capasso Vincenzo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA two‐component reaction–diffusion system modeling a class of spatially structured epidemic systems is considered. The system describes the spatial spread of infectious diseases mediated by environmental pollution. A relevant problem, related to the possible eradication of the epidemic, is the so‐called zero‐stabilization. In a series of papers, necessary conditions and sufficient conditions of stabilizability have been obtained. It has been proved that it is possible to diminish exponentially the epidemic process, in the whole habitat, just by reducing the concentration of the pollutant in a nonempty and sufficiently large subset of the spatial domain.In order to model the possible seasonal variability of the environmental conditions, the relevant parameters need to be assumed to be periodic, all with the same period. Corresponding results for the time homogeneous case are presented too. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonautonomous fragmentation equation via evolution semigroups
Authors: Arlotti L. , Banasiak J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this paper we investigate an initial‐value problem modelling multiple fragmentation process with time dependent coefficients. Our approach is to use evolution semigroups which allows to build on the substochastic semigroup theory that yields stronger results than obtained in earlier works. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of high performance foams with excellent dielectric property based on toughened bismaleimide resin
Authors: Xie Xiaoqin , Gu Aijuan , Liu Ping , Liang Guozheng , Yuan Li 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn order to meet the increasing demands on high performance foams with excellent dielectric property by modern industries, a new type of high performance foams based on diallyl bisphenol A modified bismaleimide (BDM/BA) resin is first developed in this paper. The effects of processing parameters such as prepolymerization time and temperature, foaming temperature and time as well as the content of blowing agent on the properties and morphology of resultant foams are intensively investigated from the view of processing–property–morphology relationship. Results show that compared with BDM/BA resin, the optimum condition of prepolymerization is 140°C for 60 min, and that of foaming is 160°C for 35 min. Foams based on BDM/BA resin with 9 wt% AC135 have uniform cell distribution, and greatly improved dielectric property. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autophagy: assays and artifacts
Authors: Barth Sandra , Glick Danielle , Macleod Kay F 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAutophagy is a fundamental and phylogenetically conserved self‐degradation process that is characterized by the formation of double‐layered vesicles (autophagosomes) around intracellular cargo for delivery to lysosomes and proteolytic degradation. The increasing significance attached to autophagy in development and disease in higher eukaryotes has placed greater importance on the validation of reliable, meaningful and quantitative assays to monitor autophagy in live cells and in vivo in the animal. To date, the detection of processed LC3B‐II by western blot or fluorescence studies, together with electron microscopy for autophagosome formation, have been the mainstays for autophagy detection. However, LC3 expression levels can vary markedly between different cell types and in response to different stresses, and there is also concern that over‐expression of tagged versions of LC3 to facilitate imaging and detection of autophagy interferes with the process itself. In addition, the realization that it is not sufficient to monitor static levels of autophagy but to measure ‘autophagic flux’ has driven the development of new or modified approaches to detecting autophagy. Here, we present a critical overview of current methodologies to measure autophagy in cells and in animals. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Driver mutations in TP53 are ubiquitous in high grade serous carcinoma of the ovary
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Ashour , Etemadmoghadam Dariush , Temple Jillian , Lynch Andy G , Riad Mohamed , Sharma Raghwa , Stewart Colin , Fereday Sian , Caldas Carlos , deFazio Anna , Bowtell David , Brenton James D 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNumerous studies have tested the association between TP53 mutations in ovarian cancer and prognosis but these have been consistently confounded by limitations in study design, methodology, and/or heterogeneity in the sample cohort. High‐grade serous (HGS) carcinoma is the most clinically important histological subtype of ovarian cancer. As these tumours may arise from the ovary, Fallopian tube or peritoneum, they are collectively referred to as high‐grade pelvic serous carcinoma (HGPSC). To identify the true prevalence of TP53 mutations in HGPSC, we sequenced exons 2–11 and intron–exon boundaries in tumour DNA from 145 patients. HGPSC cases were defined as having histological grade 2 or 3 and FIGO stage III or IV. Surprisingly, pathogenic TP53 mutations were identified in 96.7% (n = 119/123) of HGPSC cases. Molecular and pathological review of mutation‐negative cases showed evidence of p53 dysfunction associated with copy number gain of MDM2 or MDM4, or indicated the exclusion of samples as being low‐grade serous tumours or carcinoma of uncertain primary site. Overall, p53 dysfunction rate approached 100% of confirmed HGPSCs. No association between TP53 mutation and progression‐free or overall survival was found. From this first comprehensive mapping of TP53 mutation rate in a homogeneous group of HGPSC patients, we conclude that mutant TP53 is a driver mutation in the pathogenesis of HGPSC cancers. Because TP53 mutation is almost invariably present in HGPSC, it is not of substantial prognostic or predictive significance. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autophagy: cellular and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Glick Danielle , Barth Sandra , Macleod Kay F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAutophagy is a self‐degradative process that is important for balancing sources of energy at critical times in development and in response to nutrient stress. Autophagy also plays a housekeeping role in removing misfolded or aggregated proteins, clearing damaged organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes, as well as eliminating intracellular pathogens. Thus, autophagy is generally thought of as a survival mechanism, although its deregulation has been linked to non‐apoptotic cell death. Autophagy can be either non‐selective or selective in the removal of specific organelles, ribosomes and protein aggregates, although the mechanisms regulating aspects of selective autophagy are not fully worked out. In addition to elimination of intracellular aggregates and damaged organelles, autophagy promotes cellular senescence and cell surface antigen presentation, protects against genome instability and prevents necrosis, giving it a key role in preventing diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, liver disease, autoimmune diseases and infections. This review summarizes the most up‐to‐date findings on how autophagy is executed and regulated at the molecular level and how its disruption can lead to disease. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacoepidemiological research using French reimbursement databases: yes we can!
Authors: Martin‐Latry Karin , Bégaud Bernard 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurposeTo describe the reimbursement databases available in France for pharmacoepidemiological research and their use.MethodsFrance has a publicly funded health system that systematically covers the population. Within this system, three main insurance schemes provide health services to citizens in France and each have their own reimbursement database. Together these three databases cover almost 97% of the French population (respectively for 54.5, 3.6, and 3.3 million individuals, and a total of 61.4 million individuals). Data in these concern patients, prescribers, all the medical acts reimbursed, prescription and undertaking of laboratory tests (but without results), private hospital data, partial public hospital data and vital status. Their use is regulated but access is free and the data are anonymous. PubMed and Scopus were searched for relevant studies published from January 1988 to June 2009.Results110 published studies were included. The topics and the study characteristics were extremely wide‐ranging. The studies assessed patterns of drug use, have tested interventions, supported or improved prescribing practices, tested compliance with the French governmental Health guidelines, assessed physicians' prescribing practices and performed economic and cost‐effectiveness assessments. The number of articles published increased greatly between 2002 and 2003.ConclusionsThe French reimbursement databases were greatly used over the last 20 years. They can provide data on exposure to drugs and can be used to study patterns of drug utilization although their limitations must be considered. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids on the performance of ionic polymer conductor network composite actuators
Authors: Liu Sheng , Liu Wenjuan , Liu Yang , Lin Jun‐Hong , Zhou Xin , Janik Michael J , Colby Ralph H , Zhang Qiming 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe investigated the influence of ionic liquids (ILs) on the electromechanical performance of ionic polymer conductor network composite (IPCNC) actuators. Four imidazolium ILs with two cations of different sizes, i.e. 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ([EMI+]) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ([BMI+]), and two anions of different sizes, i.e. tetrafluoroborate ([BF4−]) and trifluoromethanesulfonate ([Tf−]), were used. The IPCNC actuators were fabricated using a direct assembly method with RuO2/Nafion® nanocomposite as the electrode layers. The experimental results reveal that the actuator strain response time is nearly one order of magnitude shorter than the charging time. The IPCNCs with [EMI+][Tf−] exhibit the highest capacitance and the fastest response in both actuation and electrical charging as capacitors. In contrast, the IPCNCs with [EMI+][BF4−] display the slowest charging time and lowest value of capacitance as capacitors. The IPCNCs with [BMI+][BF4−] show the slowest response time. Furthermore, although the ILs used have a marked effect on the capacitances of the IPCNCs, using different ILs does not cause much change in the maximum strain of these IPCNCs. Consequently, the IPCNC actuators with [EMI+][BF4−] show the highest electromechanical conversion efficiency while those with [EMI+][Tf−] have the lowest electromechanical efficiency because of the highest capacitance and largest input electrical energy. The experimental results indicate that the two oppositely charged ions contribute in opposite manner to the strain response and hence the observed shorter actuation response time is likely caused by the strain cancellation effect between the cations and anions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of regenerated cellulose membranes with thermo‐responsive properties
Authors: Pan Kai , Zhang Xiaowei , Cao Bing 
Published: February 2010

AbstractUsing atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), thermo‐responsive regenerated cellulose membranes were synthesized. Regenerated cellulose membranes were firstly modified by reacting the hydroxyl groups on the surface with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide, followed by grafting with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide). The membranes had obvious thermally modulated permeability properties. Analysis was carried out by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that N‐isopropylacrylamide had been grafted successfully on the surface of the regenerated cellulose membranes. The thermally modulated permeability properties of the grafted membranes were studied using water flux measurements. It was found that the thermally modulated permeability properties of a cellulose surface can be tailored by the use of the ATRP method. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated polyacrylate–cellulose acetate butyrate interpenetrating polymer networks
Authors: Darras Vincent , Peralta Sébastien , Boileau Sylvie , Teyssié Dominique , Fichet Odile 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFluorinated polyacrylates are highly hydrophobic and oleophobic. However, their poor mechanical properties prevent their development in many applications. Combination of a fluorinated polyacrylate network with a rigid cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) network in an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) architecture is an effective method for improving the mechanical properties of fluorinated polyacrylates. IPNs combining poly(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐tridecafluorooctyl acrylate) (polyAcRf6) with CAB were prepared according to an in situ polymerization/crosslinking synthesis. CAB was crosslinked by addition between unmodified hydroxyl groups and the isocyanate of a pluri‐isocyanate crosslinker. The fluorinated network was obtained through free‐radical copolymerization of 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐tridecafluorooctyl acrylate with poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate). The rates of formation of both networks were followed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) of IPNs show a single glass transition temperature and a single mechanical relaxation temperature, which are characteristic of a high degree of interpenetration between the partner networks. The mechanical properties of IPNs are greatly improved compared with those of the single fluorinated network. CAB/polyAcRf6 IPNs were prepared, and characterized using DSC and DMTA as well as contact angle measurements for their surface properties. As hoped, the mechanical properties of such materials are much improved compared with those of the fluorinated partner alone. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Gilthead sea bream liver proteome altered at low temperatures by oxidative stress
Authors: Ibarz Antoni , Martín‐Pérez Miguel , Blasco Josefina , Bellido David , de Oliveira Eliandre , Fernández‐Borràs Jaume 
Published: February 2010

AbstractGilthead sea bream exposed to the cold show multiple physiological alterations, particularly in liver. A typical cold‐stress response was reproduced in gilthead sea bream acclimated to 20°C (Warm group) when the water temperature was lowered to 8°C (Cold group). After 10 days, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the liver had increased by 50%, and nitric oxide had increased twofold. This indicates that lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress had occurred. Protein profiles of liver from fish in warm and cold environments were obtained by 2‐DE. Quantification of differential expression by matching spots showed that a total of 57 proteins were altered significantly. Many proteins were downregulated following cold exposure, including actin, the most abundant protein in the proteome; enzymes of amino acid metabolism; and enzymes with antioxidant capacity, such as betaine‐homocysteine‐methyl transferase, glutathione‐S‐transferase and catalase. Some proteins associated with protective action were upregulated at low temperatures, including peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin and lysozyme; as well as enzymes such as aldehyde dehydrogenase and adenosin‐methionine synthetase. However, the upregulation of proteases, proteasome activator protein and trypsinogen‐like protein indicated an increase in proteolysis. Increases in elongation factor‐1α, the GAPDH oxidative form, tubulin and Raf‐kinase inhibitor protein indicated oxidative stress and the induction of apoptosis. These data indicate that cold exposure induced oxidative damage in hepatocytes.
9‐Azidoacridine and 9‐acridinylnitrene
Authors: Taherpour Avat Arman , Kvaskoff David , Bernhardt Paul V. , Wentrup Curt 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMatrix photolysis as well as flash vacuum thermolysis (FVT) of 9‐azidoacridine affords 9‐acridinylnitrene, which is characterized by its IR and ESR spectra and is photochemically inert. FVT above 600 °C yields a mixture of the five isomeric cyanocarbazoles. Microwave‐assisted reaction with diethyl‐ and dipropylamines in solution affords acridinylformamidine and acridinylpropionamidine, respectively. Microwave‐assisted reaction with dimethylamine causes nucleophilic displacement of the azido group. Microwave‐assisted 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with phenylacetylene yields the two regioisomeric 9‐(4‐ and 5‐phenyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)acridines, whose structures were established by X‐ray crystallography. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal‐free synthesis of responsive polymers: Cloud point tuning by controlled “click” reaction
Authors: Becer C. Remzi , Kokado Kenta , Weber Christine , Can Aydin , Chujo Yoshiki , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization has been used for the preparation of pentafluorostyrene (PFS) homopolymers and random copolymers of PFS and oligo(ethyleneglycol) methacrylate (OEGMA8.5). The poly(pentafluorostyrene) homopolymers were reacted with thiophenol at different ratios at room temperature in the presence of triethylamine. The “clicked” polymers were characterized by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. Moreover, the copolymerization kinetics of the PFS and OEGMA8.5 copolymers was followed, and the phase transition behavior of random copolymers with different compositions was discussed. Furthermore, copolymers of PFS and 2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) were prepared at various mole ratios, and the copolymer with a 10:90 ratio, respectively, was soluble in water at room temperature. Turbidimetry measurements were performed for PFS and OEGMA8.5 or DMAEMA copolymers to determine their cloud points. Finally, the PFS and OEGMA8.5 copolymer with a mole ratio of 60:40 was reacted further with thiophenol to increase the hydrophobic part in the copolymer. The cloud points of the obtained copolymers could be tuned from 87 to 33 °C by using not only the controlled radical polymerization but also the “click” reaction in a controlled fashion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1278–1286, 2010