bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a minimally invasive tubular retraction system for deep-seated tumors in pediatric patients
Authors: Recinos Pablo F. , Raza Shaan M. , Jallo George I. , Recinos Violette Renard 
Published: February 2012

Object
Microsurgical removal is the preferred treatment for most deep-seated, intraaxial tumors in the pediatric population. The feasibility of surgery as an option has improved with advances in surgical technology and technique. Tubular retractors disperse retraction forces over a greater surface area than do conventional retractors, which can lower the risk of ischemic complications. The authors describe their experience utilizing a new tubular retractor system specifically designed for cranial applications in conjunction with frameless neuronavigation.

Methods
The Vycor ViewSite retractor was used in 4 pediatric patients (ages 15 months and 9, 10, and 16 years) with deep-seated intraaxial tumors. The lesions included a papillary tumor of the pineal region, a low-grade astrocytoma in the occipital lobe, a dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor arising from the basal ganglia, and an intraventricular low-grade glioma. The extent of white matter damage along the surgical trajectory (based on T2 or FLAIR and diffusion restriction/apparent diffusion coefficient signals) and the extent of resection were assessed on postoperative imaging.

Results
Satisfactory resection or biopsy was achieved in all patients. A comparison of pre- and postoperative MR imaging studies revealed evidence of white matter damage along the surgical trajectory in 1 patient. None of the patients demonstrated new neurological deficits postoperatively.

Conclusions
Obtaining surgical access to deep-seated, intraaxial tumors is challenging. In this small series of pediatric patients, the combination of the ViewSite tubular retractor and frameless neuronavigation facilitated the surgical approach. The combination of these technologies adds to the armamentarium to safely approach tumors in deep locations.
Radioiodine remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer after combined endogenous and exogenous TSH stimulation
Authors: Schober O. , Riemann B. , Vrachimis A. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryAim: Radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) after (near-)total thyroidectomy (TE) is a key element in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The use of exogenous TSH stimulation (rhTSH) prior to RRA has shown promising results as compared to conventional thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW). As yet, the efficacy of RRA after brief THW and single rhTSH administration has not been assessed. Patients, methods: The study sample comprised 147 patients with DTC referred to our center between May 2008 and September 2010. All patients received TE with subsequent RRA. None of these 147 patients had evidence of distant metastasis. 93 patients had endogenous TSH stimulation 4–5 weeks after surgery (group I) and twenty-six received two rhTSH injections (group II). 28 patients were treated with a single rhTSH injection after a brief THW (group III). RRA-Efficacy was assessed three months after therapy by diagnostic whole-body scan and measurement of the tumour marker thyroglobulin (Tg) under TSH stimulation. Results: Three categories of success were defined for remnant ablation. Based on the definition of successful remnant ablation no visible uptake and a Tg ≤ 2.0 ng/ ml (category 1) was seen in 62/93 patients in group I, in 17/26 patients in group II (p = n.s.) and in 12/28 patients in group III (p < 0.05). Visible radioiodine uptake and a Tg ≤ 2.0 ng/ml (category 2) was seen in 16/28 patients of group III and thus significantly more frequent than in group I (28/93 patients) (p < 0.01). However, patients in group III (16/28 patients) and group II (8/26 patients) showed no significant difference in this category (p = n.s.). Visible radioiodine uptake and a Tg > 2.0 ng/ml (category 3) was found in 3/93 patients in group I and 1/26 patients in group II but in no patient in group III. Conclusion: The third strategy of remnant ablation using a single injection of rhTSH after a brief THW period resulted in a significant higher rate of patients with residual uptake in the thyroid bed and a Tg level below 2 ng/ml three months after remnant ablation in comparison to THW. However, the overall efficacy of the third protocol was not significantly different as compared to two rhTSH injections. Under the aspect of the supply shortage of rhTSH the combined endogenous and exogenous TSH stimulation may be an attractive alternative for remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer.
Publication des données sur la qualité des établissements scolaires au Danemark : contingence et non-linéarité
Authors: Dahler-Larsen Peter 
Published: February 2012

Résumé La publication de données sur les résultats des écoles est justifiée par la nécessaire amélioration des performances, de la transparence et de la responsabilité (accountability). Cet article analyse deux points de vue différents sur le cas du Danemark : l’un la justifie par la responsabilité et l’amélioration des performances ; l’autre la critique pour sa visée idéologique qui, sous couvert de responsabiliser les consommateurs de façon démocratique, redéfinit l’école. L’article fait état de la réticence politique danoise à publier des données perçues comme une forme de punition ou de menace envers les établissements scolaires. Enfin, il examine le point de vue défendu par Stehr qui souligne le rôle de la contingence et de la non-linéarité.
L'autoévaluation des établissements scolaires en Écosse
Authors: Grek Sotiria , Ozga Jenny 
Published: February 2012

Résumé À partir du texte fondateur “Que vaut notre école ?” (How Good Is Our School?) et des pratiques d’autoévaluation, l’article analyse le rôle des inspecteurs dans le suivi des performances du système scolaire écossais et les enseignements qu’ils en tirent. Un suivi du système par les données a été progressivement remplacé par un type de gouvernance fondé sur l’autoévaluation. Ce processus ne marque pas pour autant l’abandon des indicateurs et critères comparatifs (benchmarks) de performance mais montre leur utilisation davantage comme un fondement de pratiques d’autoévaluation.
Primary School Challenges in the Rural Areas of Finland, France and Portugal
Authors: Ferreira Jorge 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Comment la France, la Finlande et le Portugal définissent-ils et gèrent-ils le maillage des écoles primaires en milieu rural ? Quel degré d’autonomie chaque pays accorde-t-il aux autorités locales pour organiser l’école ? Ces questions ont amené l’auteur à une analyse des instructions officielles dont la comparaison révèle l’opposition entre la très forte décentralisation finlandaise et un système centralisé caractérisé au Portugal. La France apparaît dans une position médiane. L’article montre que les choix politiques de l’État influent sur la typologie des modes d’organisation des établissements. Alors qu’en Finlande et en France plusieurs modèles coexistent, un seul s’impose au Portugal.
Exode des cerveaux en Afrique : réalités et déconstruction du discours sur un phénomène social
Authors: Maingari Daouda 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Après deux décennies de fonctionnement où les diplômés, toutes filières confondues, obtenaient facilement un emploi après leurs études, le plein-emploi s’est essoufflé dans les années 1980 et surtout 1990 avec la crise économique. La dégression de l’effectif des personnels de l’État –incitation à la retraite anticipée, gel des recrutements– a entraîné la sédentarisation des étudiants dans le pays où ils faisaient leurs études ou leur émigration. Selon l’UNESCO, plus de 30 000 Africains titulaires d’un diplôme de 3 e cycle universitaire vivraient en dehors du continent et 25 000 boursiers venus faire leurs études dans l’Union européenne n’auraient pas regagné leur pays d’origine. Trouver des solutions à cette hémorragie des ressources humaines interpelle à la fois les politiques et les scientifiques dans un environnement international marqué par la mobilité des cerveaux et l’émergence de la société de la connaissance.
Le coton bio-équitable au Mali : un facteur de transformation sociale pour les femmes ?
Authors: Droy Isabelle 
Published: February 2012

La production de coton biologique et équitable a démarré depuis 2004 au Mali dans un contexte de grave crise du système de production du coton conventionnel. Cette alternative a rencontré une forte adhésion, notamment auprès des femmes ; leurs nouvelles responsabilités en tant que productrices contribuent à une valorisation de leur statut social. Cependant, sans réduction des inégalités d’accès des femmes à la terre, à l’équipement agricole et à la main-d’œuvre, la durabilité de la filière risque d’être compromise.
La lutte contre les inégalités au Brésil : une analyse critique de l'action du gouvernement de Lula
Authors: Gaulard Mylène 
Published: February 2012

Après avoir été longtemps désigné comme l’un des pays les plus inégalitaires au monde, le Brésil connaît depuis la seconde moitié des années 1990 une diminution de ses inégalités de revenus. La baisse des inégalités régionales est, comme celle des inégalités de revenus, le résultat du processus de désindustrialisation dans lequel est entré le pays depuis la fin des années 1980. Contrairement à ce qui est parfois affirmé, l’arrivée du Président Lula au pouvoir en 2003 ne peut expliquer cette évolution.
Commerce international et incertitudes sur les effets environnementaux et sanitaires des biens. Les négociations autour du bœuf aux hormones et des OGM.
Authors: Lupton Sylvie 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Ce papier centre son attention sur deux études de cas : celle du bœuf aux hormones et celle des OGM (Organismes Génétiquement Modifiés). Nous montrerons les similarités et différences dans les négociations (tentative d’éviter les conflits, existence de règles parallèles, issue des conflits) dans le cadre de l’OMC. Enfin, nous proposerons une grille théorique pour comprendre la complexité de ces négociations à travers le concept d’institutions parallèles et de biens indéterminés.
Les défis de la MESORE
Authors: Goovaerts Leo 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Trois critiques principales peuvent être adressées à la notion de MESORE : c’est une notion faiblement conceptualisée ; il existe à son sujet un problème de mesure et d’anticipation ; enfin, elle connote une vision statique et ethno-centrée de la négociation. L’auteur propose ici de mieux conceptualiser et objectiver cette notion d’alternative en négociation et d’outiller les négociateurs, en particulier à l’aide de modèles d’évaluation.
Deux concepts de compromis : commun vs analogique
Authors: Nachi Mohamed 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Dans cet article, je me suis posé la question de savoir quel serait le lien à établir entre les deux acceptions du terme compromis : commune et analogique. C’est la réponse à cette interrogation qui m’a conduit aux considérations épistémologiques développées ci-après, dont l’ambition est de travailler deux concepts opératoires visant à rendre intelligibles les réalités multiples du compromis.
National Survey of Central Venous Catheter Flushing in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Sona Carrie , Prentice Donna , Schallom Lynn 
Published: February 2012

Background
Evidence is needed on the best solution for flushing central venous catheters.

Objective
To understand current flushing practices for short-term central venous catheters among critical care nurses before implementation of a randomized, controlled trial comparing physiological saline with heparin solution for flushing to maintain catheter patency.

Methods
A 6-item survey including demographic data was mailed to 2000 practicing critical care nurses in the United States. An additional 316 surveys were completed at the annual conference of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.

Results
Most (71.5%) of the 632 respondents who completed the survey were staff nurses. Most respondents (64.6%; 95% CI, 60.86%–68.34%) reported using physiological saline exclusively to flush central venous catheters and maintain patency. For heparin-containing solutions, the concentration and volume used varied. The most commonly reported volumes for flushing were 10 mL for saline (63%; 95% CI, 59.18%–66.82%) and 3 mL for heparin (50.2%; 95% CI, 43.5%–56.9%).

Conclusion
Flushing practices for central venous catheters vary widely. A randomized controlled trial is needed to determine the optimal flushing solution to maintain short-term patency.
Patients and Their Families Weigh in on Evidence-Based Hospital Design
Authors: Trochelman Kathleen , Albert Nancy , Spence Jacqueline , Murray Terri , Slifcak Ellen 
Published: February 2012

Background
In 2 landmark publications, the Institute of Medicine reported on significant deficiencies in our current health care system. In response, an area of research examining the role of the physical environment in influencing outcomes for patients and staff gained momentum. The concept of evidence-based design has evolved, and the development of structural guidelines for new hospital construction was instituted by the American Institute of Architects in 2006.

Objective
To determine perceptions of patients and their families of evidence-based design features in a new heart center.

Methods
Hospitalized patients and their families, most of whom were in intensive care and step-down units, were surveyed and data from the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems were reviewed to determine perceptions of evidence-based design features incorporated into a new heart center and to assess patients’ satisfaction with the environment.

Results
Responses were reviewed and categorized descriptively. Five general environment topics of focus emerged: privacy, space, noise, light, and overall atmosphere. Characteristics perceived as being dissatisfying and satisfying are discussed.

Conclusions
Critical care nurses must be aware of the current need to recognize how much the physical environment influences care delivery and take steps to maximize patients’ safety, satisfaction, and quality of care.
Radioligand Binding Analysis as a Tool for Quality Control of GPCR Production for Structural Characterization: Adenosine A2aR as a Template for Study
Authors: Singh Shweta , Zhang Minghao , Bertheleme Nicolas , Kara Elodie , Strange Philip G. , Byrne Bernadette 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFunctional characterization of G protein–coupled receptors is essential to ascertain the suitability of a protein target for downstream studies and to help develop optimal expression and isolation procedures. Radioligand binding analysis is a well‐established technique, which allows direct measurement of the amount of functional receptor in a sample. It can be readily applied to both membrane‐bound and soluble receptor samples and is an ideal method for monitoring the amount of functional protein at each stage in the expression and isolation process. This unit presents protocols for the radioligand binding analysis of the human adenosine A2a receptor and provides examples of how these assays can be used at several stages to help optimize expression, solubilization, and isolation procedures.
Hip pain while using lower extremity joints and sleep disturbances in elderly white women: Results from a cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Parimi Neeta , Blackwell Terri , Stone Katie L. , Lui Li‐Yung , Ancoli‐Israel Sonia , Tranah Gregory J. , Hillier Teresa A. , Nevitt Michael E. , Lane Nancy E. ,   for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Study Group
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate sleep quality in women with hip pain due to daily activities involving the lower extremity joints.MethodsWe evaluated the association of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) hip pain severity score with objective sleep measures obtained by wrist actigraphy in 2,225 white women ≥65 years of age enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures.ResultsWomen had an increased odds of spending ≥90 minutes awake after sleep onset (odds ratio [OR] 1.28, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.11–1.50) for every 5‐point increase in hip pain score after adjustment for all covariates. Hip pain when sitting or lying was the strongest predictor of sleep fragmentation (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.47–2.73); however, standing pain was associated with a higher number of awake minutes in bed scored from sleep onset to the end of the last sleep episode, independent of pain while in bed (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.07–2.01). Sleep disturbances increased significantly after the first 2 hours of sleep in women with severe hip pain compared to those without hip pain (mean ± SD 1.4 ± 0.47 minutes per hour of sleep; P < 0.003). Similar associations were observed for long wake episodes >5 minutes. There were no associations between daytime napping, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and total sleep minutes and WOMAC hip pain.ConclusionFragmented sleep was greater in women with hip pain compared to those without hip pain; however, fragmented sleep in women with severe hip pain compared to those without hip pain was unchanged until after the first 2 hours of sleep. Further investigations into pain medications wearing off over time or the prolonged periods of inactivity decreasing the pain threshold are warranted.
Catalytic Epoxidation of Alkenes by the Manganese Complex of a Reduced Porphyrinogen Macrocycle
Authors: Bruyneel Frederic , Letondor Christophe , Bastürk Bjorn , Gualandi Andrea , Pordea Anca , Stoeckli‐Evans Helen , Neier Reinhard 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe present paper details the first application of a fully reduced meso‐octamethylporphyrinogen macrocycle as an effective ligand for simple operative manganese‐catalyzed alkene epoxidation. The efficiency of the novel catalyst was determined in the presence of various oxidants, apical ligands and acidic/basic additives. Higher reactivity was found in favour of electron‐rich alkenes, whereas an electron‐deficient conjugated alkene appeared as a poor substrate in the screening. Sulfur additives were active as apical ligands, whereas nitrogen‐containing additives influenced the reactivity only moderately. cis‐Stilbene and 3β‐acetoxy‐5‐cholestene were epoxidized in a stereoselective manner. The X‐ray structures of the new manganese complexes were determined and showed a rigid planar coordination geometry of the saturated macrocyclic ligand to the metal centre.
Experimental study on the heating effects of microwave discharge caused by metals
Authors: Wang Wenlong , Liu Zhen , Sun Jing , Ma Qingluan , Ma Chunyuan , Zhang Yunli 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe heating effects of discharge triggered at the appearance of metals are important under microwave irradiation but special studies have rarely been carried out. In our experiments, the heat generation was successfully isolated by embedding metal in quartz sand and measured through an indirect calorimetric method. All the experiments and analyses indicate that the discharge triggered by metals under microwave irradiation has remarkable heating effects. The microwave power, irradiation time, metal amount, and atmosphere are all important factors to influence the discharge intensity and then the heating effects. The understanding of the effects of metal discharge will help us to further research on the treatment of solid waste, such as the microwave pyrolysis of electrical waste. It may also be a good idea to use the discharge phenomena and their heating effects by embedding some metals to the microwave field in some certain applications. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Mesenchymal stem cells restore cortical rewiring after neonatal ischemia in mice
Authors: van Velthoven Cindy T. J. , van de Looij Yohan , Kavelaars Annemieke , Zijlstra Jitske , van Bel Frank , Huppi Petra S. , Sizonenko Stéphane , Heijnen Cobi J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic (HI) brain damage and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment on the structure and contralesional connectivity of motor function‐related cerebral areas.Methods:Brain remodeling after HI±MSC treatment in neonatal mice was analyzed using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging, immunohistochemistry, anterograde tracing with biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), and retrograde tracing with fluorescent pseudorabies virus (PRV).Results:MSC treatment after HI reduced contralesional rewiring taking place after HI. Following MSC treatment, fractional anisotropy values, which were increased in both ipsi‐ and contralesional cortices and decreased in the corpus callosum (CC) after HI, were normalized to the level observed in sham‐operated mice. These results were corroborated by myelin basic protein intensity and staining pattern in these areas. Anterograde tracing of ipsilesional motor neurons showed that after MSC treatment, fewer BDA‐positive fibers crossed the CC and extended into the contralesional motor cortex compared to HI mice. This remodeling was functional, because retrograde labeling showed increased connectivity between impaired (left) forepaw and the contralesional (left) motor cortex after HI, whereas MSC treatment reduced this connection and increased the connection between the impaired (left) forepaw and the ipsilesional (right) motor cortex. Finally, the extent of contralesional rewiring measured with BDA and PRV tracing was related to sensorimotor dysfunction.Interpretation:This is the first study to describe MSC treatment after neonatal HI markedly reducing contralesional axonal remodeling induced by HI brain injury. ANN NEUROL 2012;71:785–796
Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after stroke thrombolysis: The SEDAN Score
Authors: Strbian Daniel , Engelter Stefan , Michel Patrik , Meretoja Atte , Sekoranja Lucka , Ahlhelm Frank J. , Mustanoja Satu , Kuzmanovic Igor , Sairanen Tiina , Forss Nina , Cordier Maria , Lyrer Philippe , Kaste Markku , Tatlisumak Turgut 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:A study was undertaken to develop a score for assessing risk for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous (IV) thrombolysis.Methods:The derivation cohort comprised 974 ischemic stroke patients treated (1995–2008) with IV thrombolysis at the Helsinki University Central Hospital. The predictive value of parameters associated with sICH (European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II) was evaluated, and we developed our score according to the magnitude of logistic regression coefficients. We calculated absolute risks and likelihood ratios of sICH per increasing score points. The score was validated in 828 patients from 3 Swiss cohorts (Lausanne, Basel, and Geneva). Performance of the score was tested with area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC‐ROC).Results:Our SEDAN score (0 to 6 points) comprises baseline blood Sugar (glucose; 8.1–12.0mmol/l [145–216mg/dl] = 1; >12.0mmol/l [>216 mg/dl] = 2), Early infarct signs (yes = 1) and (hyper)Dense cerebral artery sign (yes = 1) on admission computed tomography scan, Age (>75 years = 1), and NIH Stroke Scale on admission (≥10 = 1). Absolute risk for sICH in the derivation cohort was: 1.4%, 2.9%, 8.5%, 12.2%, 21.7%, and 33.3% for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 score points, respectively. In the validation cohort, absolute risks were similar (1.0%, 3.5%, 5.1%, 9.2%, 16.9%, and 27.8%, respectively). AUC‐ROC was 0.77 (0.71–0.83; p < 0.001).Interpretation:Our SEDAN score reliably assessed risk for sICH in IV thrombolysis‐treated patients with anterior‐ and posterior circulation ischemic stroke, and it can support clinical decision making in high‐risk patients. External validation of the score supports its generalization. ANN NEUROL 2012;