bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutionalized Expertise
Authors: DeNicola Daniel R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The problematic of this article is the apparently oppositional interaction of two contemporary social trends: (1) the expansion, institutionalization, and specialization of expertise; and (2) rising public distrust and rejection of expert authority and the institutions that create and certify it. Among various forms of expertise, it is those that are normative-regulative (not merely descriptive), those that advise clients, those I call open-loop professions, for which the two trends are most acute. The erosion of public trust in advisory experts (health officials, economists, environmentalists, educators, etc.) is widely documented for the USA and the UK. I offer an analysis of forces propelling this disrespect and argue that, ironically, aspects of the first trend—the evolution of the professions—are implicated. I conclude with suggestions for coping with the epistemic asymmetry of client and expert advisor.
Affective, Cognitive, and Ecological Components of Joint Expertise in Collaborative Embodied Skills
Authors: Sutton John 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To better understand the nature of joint expertise and its underlying processes, we need not only analyses of the general conditions for skilled group action, but also descriptive accounts of the features and dimensions that vary across distinct performances and contexts, such as sport and the arts. And in addition to positioning our accounts against current models of individual skill, we need concepts and lessons from work on collaborative processes in other cognitive domains. This paper examines ecological or situational components of expert joint action in practice, then offers a selective survey of some key cognitive and affective resources that shape and transform group performance.
Expert Judgement without Values
Authors: Hatchwell Rivkah 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Many contemporary philosophers of science think that it is proper for ethical considerations to play a role in deciding scientific claims. We disagree, not least because this is likely to bring science into disrepute. The paper offers a sustained case for this claim. The paper is organised into the following twelve sections: initial meta-ethical observations; evidence not expedience; Rudner and ‘inductive risk;’ whose values?; which choices?; the current debate; credences versus significance tests; Rudnerian calculations; higher-order judgements; the problem of the priors; against categorical beliefs; and racing to the bottom.
Decolonising Experts
Authors: Mitova Veli 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
What would happen to our notion of expertise if we took decolonial theorists’ insight that former colonial subjects continue to be epistemically marginalised? We should revise our accounts of expertise, I argue in this paper. The argument has three steps. First, I show that the experts of the epistemically marginalised (e.g. traditional healers) are indeed experts: they meet core conditions for responsibly placed trust in scientific experts. Second, I argue that existing accounts of expertise cannot accommodate this claim. Finally, I sketch a view of expertise (‘communitarian functionalism’) that can. If the argument works, it helps us make progress both in the epistemology of expertise and with the project of epistemic decolonisation.
Bounded rationality revisited
Authors: Thorstad David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter takes up the remaining four normative claims about bounded rationality made in Chapter 2. I show how the reason-responsive consequentialist view makes space for the claim that bounds matter by telling a principled story about how and why bounds matter to rational cognition. I use the global consequentialist commitments of the view to interpret and defend the claim that rationality should be process-focused. I show how the reason-responsive consequentialist view grounds the rationality of paradigmatic cognitive heuristics and sheds light on the factors guiding rational choice among heuristic strategies. And I use the reason-responsive consequentialist view to defend an interpretation of ecological rationality.
Debt Sustainability of Subnational Governments in India
Authors: Dwivedi Hari Krishna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In 2020, for the first time in history, the world’s debt as a percentage of its GDP exceeded 100 per cent. Although it has since come down slightly, there are concerns about where the next debt crisis will happen, given that Pakistan and Sri Lanka have already found themselves in debt crises. Although India’s overall fiscal health and macroeconomic conditions remain stable, the same may not be completely true when the discussion shifts to India’s subnational entities. This book attempts to answer this question by analysing the debt sustainability of states in the context of many emerging issues and challenges to the states’ fiscal health. The focus of the book remains providing usable and practical recommendations that can ensure the fiscal health of the subnational governments in India and in other federal countries across the world.
Conclusion
Authors: Dwivedi Hari Krishna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This concluding chapter attempts to summarize the motivation for the book, the theoretical arguments for and against public debt, the subnational government (SNG) borrowing arrangements in India, debt position of Indian states, challenges to debt sustainability in Indian states, and the strategies and policy recommendation for Indian states to avoid debt crisis. The policy interventions encompass a wide gamut of reforms including revenue augmentation through extending GST to excluded items, expenditure rationalization through curtailing inefficient subsidies, strengthening of local body finances and restructuring of state-level public enterprises. The policy recommendations also include leveraging e-initiatives and utilizing innovating financing and monetization methods.
PaWOX3 and PaWOX3B Regulate Flower Number and the Lip Symmetry of Phalaenopsis
Authors: Hsu Hsing-Fun , Li Ya-Chun , Shen Yi-Hsuan , Yang Chang-Hsien 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The standout characteristic of the orchid perianth is the transformation of the upper median petal into a distinctively formed lip, which gives orchid flowers their typically zygomorphic symmetry and makes them the most popular ornamental plants worldwide. To study orchid flower development, two WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes, PaWOX3 and PaWOX3B, were identified in Phalaenopsis. PaWOX3 and PaWOX3B mRNAs accumulate abundantly during early reproductive development and perianths of young buds, significantly decreasing in mature flowers and absent in vegetative leaves and roots. PaWOX3 and PaWOX3B virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) knockdown in Phalaenopsis significantly reduces floral bud numbers, suggesting that PaWOX3/PaWOX3B may be involved in flower initiation. Transgenic Arabidopsis ectopically expressing repressor forms of PaWOX3/PaWOX3B and their Oncidium ortholog, OnPRS, exhibit lateral organ development defects, implicating these genes likely have function in regulating growth and differentiation for lateral organs. Neither PaWOX3, PaWOX3B single nor PaWOX3/PaWOX3B double VIGS Phalaenopsis altered the flower morphology. Interestingly, double silencing of PaWOX3 or PaWOX3B with OAGL6-2, which controlled the identity/formation of lips, altered the symmetry of ‘BigLip’ produced in OAGL6-2 VIGS. This result indicated that the levels of PaWOX3/PaWOX3B are still sufficient to maintain the symmetry for the OAGL6-2 VIGS ‘BigLip’. However, the symmetry of the OAGL6-2 VIGS ‘BigLip’ cannot be maintained once the expression of PaWOX3 or PaWOX3B is further reduced. Thus, in addition to controlling lip identity, this study further found that OAGL6-2 could cooperate with functionally redundant PaWOX3/PaWOX3B in maintaining the symmetric axis of lip.
Histological Properties of Adipose Tissue as an Autologous Tissue Filler Harvested from Different Donor Areas and Impact of Centrifugation
Authors: Szychta Pawel , Kuczynski Maciej , Dzieniecka Monika 
Published: June 2024

Background:
As a burgeoning technique in reconstructive and aesthetic surgery, lipofilling’s success is hindered by the unpredictability of graft integrity and quality. This study addresses the critical need to enhance consistency and reproducibility by exploring the clinical utility of adipose tissue from specific body areas, considering the influence of patient-specific factors and mechanical processing on fat graft integrity and morphology.

Methods:
In a prospective, randomized, single-blind study, 52 patients undergoing surgical reconstruction due to significant deformities were enrolled. Lipoaspiration from four areas was performed. Adipose tissue was compared using five parameters of tissue damage and 10 parameters of graft integrity, assessed immediately postcollection and after centrifugation. The study aimed to evaluate the structural integrity and clinical applicability of adipocytes.

Results:
Morphological assessment revealed no significant differences in adipose tissue quality across donor sites, suggesting consistent graft quality regardless of the harvesting location. Centrifugation induced more morphological damage than noncentrifuged samples, but the overall graft integrity was maintained due to increased cell density. Higher graft acceptance parameters were noted in noncentrifuged samples compared with centrifuged ones.

Conclusions:
Despite centrifugation-induced morphological changes, adipose tissue integrity remains relatively unaffected, supporting a flexible approach to donor site selection. The consistent quality of adipose tissue underscores the potential for autologous fat transplantation across various clinical scenarios. Optimizing graft processing techniques is crucial for enhancing the predictability and efficacy of lipofilling.
Simplified Fabrication of a Lingual Splint for Management of Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Wang Yu-Chi , Wu Yi-Chia , Chen Rong-Fu , Cheng Nai-Chen , Lee Su-Shin 
Published: June 2024

Summary:
Lingual splints have been used to treat mandibular fractures, particularly in cases of complicated mandibular fractures, and serve as a noninvasive adjunctive procedure for reduction and fixation. Furthermore, when used in conjunction with open reduction and internal fixation, the lingual splint provides feasible external fixation against displacing forces exerted by the robust musculature of the mandible. However, the conventional method for lingual splint fabrication is performed preoperatively, and the procedure is time-consuming. This technical note describes a simplified and efficient technique for the intraoperative manufacture of a lingual splint for mandibular fractures using a thermoplastic material, polycaprolactone. Our results demonstrated satisfactory fixation outcomes, reduced lingual splint fabrication time, and superior cost-effectiveness, offering an alternative option for adjunctive external fixation of mandibular fractures.
Development and validation of a biomarker index for HCC treatment response
Authors: Liang Jeff , Li Po-Yi , Norman Joshua , Lauzon Marie , Yeo Yee Hui , Trivedi Hirsh , Ayoub Walid S. , Kuo Alexander , Friedman Marc L. , Sankar Kamya , Gong Jun , Osipov Arsen , Hendifar Andrew , Todo Tsuyoshi , Kim Irene , Voidonikolas Georgios , Brennan Todd V. , Wisel Steven A. , Steggarda Justin , Kosari Kambiz , Saouaf Rola , Nissen Nicholas , Yao Francis , Mehta Neil , Yang Ju Dong 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Serum AFP-L3%, AFP, and DCP are useful biomarkers for HCC detection, but their utility in assessing treatment response remains unknown. We aim to evaluate the accuracy of a biomarker model in the detection of posttreatment viable tumors.

Methods:
For model derivation, recipients with HCC undergoing liver transplant from 2018 to 2022 who had biomarkers collected within 3 months before transplant were included. We developed a generalized linear model for detecting posttreatment viable tumors with the 3 biomarkers as covariates, which we termed the “LAD Score.” An independent cohort of 117 patients with HCC was used for external validation.

Results:
Among 205 recipients of transplant, 70.2% had evidence of viable tumor on explant. The median LAD score was higher among patients with viable versus nonviable tumors (1.06 vs. 0.465, p < 0.001). The LAD score had a sensitivity of 55.6% and a specificity of 85.1% at the cutoff of 0.927, which was more accurate than imaging for detecting posttreatment viable tumors (AUROC 0.736 vs. 0.643, respectively; p = 0.045). The superior performance of the LAD score over imaging is primarily driven by its greater accuracy in detecting tumors <2 cm in diameter (AUROC of the LAD score 0.721 vs. imaging 0.595, p = 0.02). In the validation data set, the LAD score had an AUROC of 0.832 (95% CI: 0.753, 0.911) with a sensitivity of 72.5% and a specificity of 89.4% at the cutoff of 0.927.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest the utility of LAD score in treatment response assessment after locoregional therapy for HCC, particularly in detecting small tumors. A larger prospective study is in progress to validate its accuracy and evaluate its performance in recurrence monitoring.
Validating new coding algorithms to improve identification of alcohol-associated and nonalcohol-associated cirrhosis hospitalizations in administrative databases
Authors: Swain Liam A. , Godley Jenny , Brahmania Mayur , Abraldes Juan G. , Tang Karen L. , Flemming Jennifer , Shaheen Abdel Aziz 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Alcohol (AC) and nonalcohol-associated cirrhosis (NAC) epidemiology studies are limited by available case definitions. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of previous and newly developed case definitions to identify AC and NAC hospitalizations.

Methods:
We randomly selected 700 hospitalizations from the 2008 to 2022 Canadian Discharge Abstract Database with alcohol-associated and cirrhosis-related International Classification of Diseases 10th revision codes. We compared standard approaches for AC (ie, AC code alone and alcohol use disorder and nonspecific cirrhosis codes together) and NAC (ie, NAC codes alone) case identification to newly developed approaches that combine standard approaches with new code combinations. Using electronic medical record review as the reference standard, we calculated case definition positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, specificity, and AUROC.

Results:
Electronic medical records were available for 671 admissions; 252 had confirmed AC and 195 NAC. Compared to previous AC definitions, the newly developed algorithm selecting for the AC code, alcohol-associated hepatic failure code, or alcohol use disorder code with a decompensated cirrhosis-related condition or NAC code provided the best overall positive predictive value (91%, 95% CI: 87–95), negative predictive value (89%, CI: 86–92), sensitivity (81%, CI: 76–86), specificity (96%, CI: 93–97), and AUROC (0.88, CI: 0.85–0.91). Comparing all evaluated NAC definitions, high sensitivity (92%, CI: 87–95), specificity (82%, CI: 79–86), negative predictive value (96%, CI: 94–98), AUROC (0.87, CI: 0.84–0.90), but relatively low positive predictive value (68%, CI: 62–74) were obtained by excluding alcohol use disorder codes and using either a NAC code in any diagnostic position or a primary diagnostic code for HCC, unspecified/chronic hepatic failure, esophageal varices without bleeding, or hepatorenal syndrome.

Conclusions:
New case definitions show enhanced accuracy for identifying hospitalizations for AC and NAC compared to previously used approaches.
Incremental Application of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure for the Evaluation of Atelectasis During RP-EBUS and Bronchoscopy (I-APPEAR)
Authors: Senyei Grant D. , Sagar Ala Eddin S. , Tran Brian , Shah Archan , Miller Russell , Patel Niral , Van Nostrand Keriann , Casal Roberto F. , Cheng George Z. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
CT-to-body divergence—described as the difference between preprocedural CT scans and intraprocedural lung architecture—is a significant barrier to improving diagnostic yield during navigational bronchoscopy. A major proposed contributor to CT-to-body divergence is the development of atelectasis, which can confound visualization of peripheral lung lesions via radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS). High positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilatory strategies have been used to decrease atelectasis, allowing the lesion to re-APPEAR on intraprocedure imaging. However, standardized PEEP levels may not be appropriate for all patients due to hemodynamic and ventilatory impacts.

Methods:
We performed a multicenter, prospective observational study in which patients were imaged with RP-EBUS under general anesthesia to determine if subsegmental atelectasis would resolve as incremental increases in PEEP were applied. Resolution of atelectasis was based on the transition from a non-aerated pattern to an aerated appearance on RP-EBUS. RP-EBUS images were reviewed by 3 experienced operators to determine correlation.

Results:
Forty-three patients underwent RP-EBUS examination following navigational bronchoscopy. Thirty-seven patients underwent incremental PEEP application and subsequent RP-EBUS imaging. Atelectasis was determined to have resolved in 33 patients (88.2%) following increased PEEP. The intraclass correlation coefficient between reviewers was 0.76. A recruitment maneuver was performed in 7 (16.3%) patients after atelectasis persisted at maximal PEEP. Atelectasis was not identified in the examined subsegments in 6 (10.8%) patients despite zero PEEP.

Conclusion:
RP-EBUS is an effective tool to monitor what pressure atelectasis within a lung segment has resolved with increasing levels of PEEP.
Delayed Perforation After Endoscopic Resection of Upper Gastrointestinal Tumors
Authors: Heo Subin , Huh Jimi , Kim Jai Keun , Lee Ki Myung 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To determine the clinical and imaging factors associated with surgical treatment in patients with delayed perforation after endoscopic resection of upper gastrointestinal tumors.

Methods:
We retrospectively included patients with delayed perforation after endoscopic tumor resection for gastric or duodenal tumors between January 2007 and December 2021 in a tertiary hospital. We compared the clinical, endoscopic, and CT findings of the surgical and conservative treatment groups. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify significant factors associated with surgery.

Results:
Among 10,423 patients who had undergone endoscopic tumor resection, 52 (0.50%) experienced delayed perforation, with 20 patients (35.5%) treated surgically and 32 patients (64.5%) treated conservatively. The CT findings of gross perforation (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=6.75, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-43.89; P=0.045) and presence of peritonitis (OR=34.26, 95% CI, 5.52-212.50; P<0.001) were significantly associated with surgical treatment. Other clinical factors as well as CT-measured amount of pneumoperitoneum were not significant factors.

Conclusions:
CT findings of gross perforation and peritonitis are significant factors associated with surgery in delayed perforation after endoscopic tumor resection. These factors can aid in guiding the patients towards an appropriate treatment plan.
Postexposure prophylaxis for occupational exposure to selected pathogens for healthcare personnel
Authors: Han Alison , Henderson David K. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
Timely postexposure prophylaxis is important after an occupational exposure. Here we review select organisms, exposure opportunities in the healthcare setting, and postexposure prophylaxis regimens.

Recent findings
Needlestick injuries pose a risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens, such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. Risk mitigation strategies should be reexamined in light of newer vaccines and therapeutics. Increased vaccine hesitancy and vaccine denialisms may foster the re-emergence of some infections that have become extremely uncommon because of effective vaccines. With increasing occurrences of zoonotic infections and the ease of global spread as evidenced by COVID-19 and mpox, healthcare exposures must also consider risks related to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.

Summary
Early recognition and reporting of occupational exposures to pathogens with available postexposure prophylaxis is key to mitigating the risk of transmission. Providers should be able to evaluate the exposure and associated risks to provide prompt and appropriate postexposure prophylaxis.
Aspirin improves both reactivity and durability of type-I interferon signaling to achieve functional cure of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Miao Ying , Yuan Yukang , Chen Yuanmei , Liu Jin , Huang Fan , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Renxia , Zhao Qian , Cui Qun , Tian Wanying , He Wei , Zuo Yibo , Zheng Zhijin , Zhao Zhenglan , Li Ming , Qian Feng , Zhu Li , Zhu Chuanwu , Zheng Hui 
Published: June 2024

SummaryType-I interferon (IFN-I) is currently the only drug for achieving a functional cure of chronic hepatitis B-virus (HBV) infection that is defined as HBsAg loss. However, the IFN-I-mediated functional cure rate is extremely low thus far. Previous studies demonstrated that IFN-I-induced degradation of IFN-I receptor-1 (IFNAR1) restricts the reactivity of IFN-I signaling. Here, we further reveal that IRF9 de-phosphorylation inhibits the durability of IFN-I signaling. We found that IRF9-Tyr112 phosphorylation is critical for IRF9 binding to the promoters of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), while PTP1B induces IRF9 de-phosphorylation and therefore attenuates IFN-I signaling durability and ISGs expression. Interestingly, we found that Aspirin can both rescue IRF9 phosphorylation and inhibit IFNAR1 degradation, thus remolding IFN-I signaling. Importantly, the functional cure rate after the IFN-I and Aspirin combination (IA) therapy reached over 86% (13/15). This study reveals the IA therapy as an effective therapeutic way for achieving a chronic HBV functional cure.