bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of High‐Risk Care and Barriers to Care Among Women at Risk for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer following Genetic Counseling in the Community Setting
Authors: Morgan Debra , Sylvester Heather , Lucas F. Lee , Miesfeldt Susan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractData are limited regarding barriers to care among women, with or at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), following genetic counseling in the community setting. Using a telephone survey, we retrospectively addressed perceptions of post‐genetic counseling medical care and barriers to care among 69 at‐risk women from the non‐academic setting. Of these, all agreed that following cancer screening recommendations was better than not following them; none felt recommendations were too difficult to follow; all believed screening would help keep them healthy; 57% believed screening would prevent cancer. Twenty‐five percent noted discomfort with breast imaging; 29% found ovarian cancer screening uncomfortable. Close to a quarter of participants reported difficulty deciding whether or not to undergo risk‐reducing mastectomy while 10% noted difficulty deciding for or against bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. There were no perceived major barriers to care, although 38% felt that screening reminders would be helpful, and 10% needed more help in following through with care. Overall, participants believed that they were benefiting from their post‐genetic counseling medical care. This work identified HBOC‐related support needs to include: informational resources that promote improved understanding of cancer risk and high‐risk management; screening reminder systems; and decision support tools.
Critiquing Qualitative Research
Authors: Beck Cheryl Tatano 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe ability to critique research is a valuable skill that is fundamental to a perioperative nurse's ability to base his or her clinical practice on evidence derived from research. Criteria differ for critiquing a quantitative versus a qualitative study (ie, statistics are evaluated in a quantitative study, but not in a qualitative study).This article provides on guidelines for assessing qualitative research. Excerpts from a published qualitative research report are summarized and then critiqued. Questions are provided that help evaluate different sections of a research study (eg, sample, data collection methods, data analysis). AORN J 90 (October 2009) 543–554. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Treatment of Cutaneous Abscesses Without Postoperative Dressing Changes
Authors: Koehler Mary Beth , Nakayama Don K. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTTreating cutaneous abscesses in children traditionally involves incision and drainage followed by moist dressing changes. This article addresses whether abscesses can safely heal with incision and drainage alone and daily warm water immersion.Sixteen children with cutaneous abscesses were treated without dressing changes. All were pain free at 24 hours. There was one abscess recurrence. In comparison, among 19 children with cutaneous abscesses who received postoperative dressing changes, seven (37%) had significant pain, six (32%) required IV pain medications, and 11 (58%) were hospitalized.We determined that cutaneous abscesses may be treated with incision and drainage alone, thus avoiding pain and hospitalization for the patient. AORN J 90 (October 2009) 569–574. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Abdominal Wall Reconstruction Using Biological Tissue Grafts
Authors: Brown Patricia 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTSynthetic mesh products have been used to repair abdominal wall defects (eg, hernias) for many years. Biological mesh products are now available as an option when synthetic mesh products are not appropriate. To correctly prepare biological tissue grafts for use in the OR, perioperative nurses must understand the types of grafts available. Biological tissue grafts may be harvested from human, porcine, bovine, or equine hosts and from skin, pericardium, or small intestine submucosa. AORN J 90 (October 2009) 513–520. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
An Improved Process for Breast Cancer Margin Identification and Orientation
Authors: Beland Mary 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTBreast conservation surgery has improved treatment for women faced with a diagnosis of breast cancer. A key factor in breast cancer surgery is the assurance of clear surgical margins. Inadequate or unclear margins prompt the need for re‐excision, which can be physically and emotionally stressful for patients.A variety of techniques have been used to indicate margins intraoperatively, but the use of arbitrary methods can contribute to miscommunication between the OR and the radiology and pathology departments. A standardized process to identify surgical margins using radiopaque charms has improved communication and outcomes for patients undergoing breast cancer surgery at one facility. AORN J 90 (October 2009) 525–529. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Structure and development of the free neuromasts and lateral line system of the herring
Authors: Blaxter J. H. S. , Gray J. A. B. , Best A. C. G. 
Published: October 2009

Vital staining with Janus Green, phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy were used to map the distribution of free neuromast organs from first hatching, 10 mm long larvae to 100 mm long juveniles of herring (Clupea harengus L.), with some further observations on juvenile sprat (Sprattus sprattus (L.)). Neuromasts are sparsely distributed on the head and trunk at hatching but soon proliferate on the trunk where, by a length of 13–15 mm, they occur one to every segment. Near metamorphosis there are at least three rows of neuromasts on the anterior trunk region, 6–9 single neuromasts on the caudal fin and as many as 50 on the head. The scales develop at about 40–50 mm and the neuromasts are then found singly or in groups of 2 or 3 on the surface of the scales of the anterior trunk.The lateral line develops at 22–24 mm and appears to incorporate existing free neuromasts on the side of the head. Unlike the cupulae of the free neuromasts, which are cylindrical, the lateral-line cupulae are thin erect plates lying along the axis of the canals. They are probably continually growing and being shed, followed by renewed growth.All neuromasts contain hair cells of opposing polarities; most free neuromasts are arranged with these polarities arranged fore-and-aft, but a few are dorsoventral.
Tharyx marioni (Polychaeta): a remarkable accumulator of arsenic
Authors: Gibbs P. E. , Langston W. J. , Burt G. R. , Pascoe P. L. 
Published: October 2009

Analyses of the cirratulid polychaete Tharyx marioni have shown that this species contains a high concentration of arsenic, its whole-body concentration usually exceeding 2000 μg/g dry weight, even when living under low ambient arsenic conditions. Similar levels of arsenic are present in both juvenile and adult worms. Other cirratulid species, such as Cirriformia tentaculata and Caulleriella caputesocis, from the same habitat contain low arsenic concentrations (< 100 μg/g dry weight).Much of the arsenic in T. marioni (ca. 20 %) is contained in the palps which comprise about 4% of the body dry weight; in these organs, concentrations of 6000–13 000 μg/g dry weight have been measured. Some of the arsenic in the palps is bound with copper in granules but the bulk appears to be organically associated; extraction data indicate about 65% of the total arsenic is linked to the lipid pool with a further 25% being proteinbound arsenite (cysteine-extractable). The results of experiments using 74As suggest that most of the arsenic is derived from the sediments rather than the water but the mechanisms and functions of this arsenic accumulation by T. marioni remain to be investigated.
An assessment of the gastropod, Littorina littorea, as an indicator of heavy-metal contamination in United Kingdom estuaries
Authors: Bryan G. W. , Langston W. J. , Hummerstone L. G. , Burt G. R. , Ho Y. B. 
Published: October 2009

Preliminary determinations of heavy metals in winkles Littorina littorea along a concentration gradient in the Fal Estuary suggested that whole body concentrations might be related to those of the water. When animals were transplanted to this heavily contaminated estuary, changes in tissue concentrations of As, Co, Cu and Zn were largely complete after 2 months.Relations between the winkle and water concentrations may be indirect since its algal diet is thought to be the main source for most heavy metals. Data from a large number of United Kingdom estuaries were used to compare concentrations of 12 metals in L. littorea with those of the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus which forms part of its diet. Very significant relations were found for Ag, As, Cd and Pb, suggesting that since concentrations in the seaweed probably reflect those of the surrounding water, so also do those of the winkle. However, concentrations of Ag in the animal also appeared to be influenced by dietary Cu levels. In addition, significant relations between the two species were found for Cu, Fe, Hg and Zn, but the slopes were shallow, perhaps indicating regulation by the winkle. For Cr and Mn relations were not very significant and, for Co and Ni, concentrations in the winkle appeared to be influenced by those of Cu and Zn.Compared with concentrations in L. littorea, those of L. littoralis from the same site were generally higher whilst in L. saxatilis they were usually of the same order or lower.In assessing the winkle as an indicator of metal contamination the present results have been combined with those of other workers to produce comparisons between most estuaries in England and Wales. It is concluded that whilst the winkle is a useful indicator for Cd and a few other metals, it is certainly not a perfect indicator organism.
The respiration ofOnchidoris bilamellataandArchidoris pseudoargus(Doridacea)
Authors: Potts Geoffrey W. 
Published: October 2009

From works on the anatomy and ecology of dorid nudibranchs it has been assumed that they were capable of cutaneous respiration through their dorsal mantle. The present work has shown how the oxygen uptake is depressed when the doridsOnchidoris bilamellataandArchidoris pseudoargusare exposed to air and the gills collapsed into the body surface. The effect of ligaturing the gills ofA. pseudoargusinto the branchial pocket has enabled direct measurements to be made of the mantle respiration.The effect of temperature on respiration was examined.
Polymorphism and pore signature patterns in the copepod genus Oncaea (Cyclopoida)
Authors: Malt S. J. 
Published: October 2009

Species of the cyclopoid copepod genus Oncaea are commonly polymorphic. Using material from several localities, forms of O. venusta Philippi, O. mediterranea Claus and O. conifer a Giesbrecht are described, and specimens of two closely related and morphologically similar species, O. ornata Giesbrecht and O. englishi Heron, are compared. The integumental pore signature patterns of all these species are mapped from stained, tissue-free integuments. Each species has its own characteristic pore signature pattern and sexual dimorphism is confined to the urosomal pore pattern. Similarly the prosomal pore patterns of female copepodid 5 do not usually differ from those of adult females, but urosomal patterns are distinct. Juveniles of O. conifera are exceptional in this respect; their prosomal pore pattern lacks the detail of the adult pattern. Differences in the pore signatures of O. ornata and O. englishi confirm their status as separate species. Signatures in the O. conifera ‘group’ may also prove to be distinct. Whereas intraspecific variation in pore signatures may exist at a level below the resolution of this technique, such small morphological differences should be considered to be taxonomically insignificant.The implications of polymorphism in the process of speciation, and the mechanisms by which the polymorphic forms are maintained are discussed.Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy are used to examine the morphology of pores and their associated sensilla. Three types of sensilla are described, peg, short-hair and long-hair sensilla.
Compressive and adhesive strengths of a variety of British barnacles
Authors: Gubbay S. 
Published: October 2009

The shell strengths of seven species of barnacle were investigated by carrying out a series of compression and tension experiments. All species were tested under compression as solitary individuals. In addition the shell strength of crowdedSemibalanus balanoideswas determined. Results of the compression experiments showBalanus balanusandB. perforatusto be the strongest species withVerruca stroemiathe weakest. All species were much weaker in tension than compression, particularly those with a calcified base,B. balanusbeing the weakest of the five species tested in this way.The possibility of adaptive design of the barnacle shell to withstand wave action and predation techniques is discussed in the light of the results from the compression and tension experiments. Finally the importance of carrying out a wide range of tests of the shells when trying to determine their strength is discussed.
Control of movements of the stomach and spiral intestine ofRajaandScyliorhinus
Authors: Young J. Z. 
Published: October 2009

The extrinsic nerves of the stomach of dogfish and skates regulate the frequency and amplitude of contraction by inhibition followed by rebounds. By contrast the nerves of the spiral intestine are excitatory.Stimulation of the vagus nerve of the ray produced slight reduction in the amplitude of spontaneous contractions of the cardiac stomach. Much greater inhibition was produced by stimulation of the sympathetic nerves and was followed by large rebound contractions. These effects were imitated by adrenalin and serotonin which altered the frequency and amplitude of contraction in various ways. These actions were not blocked by either propranalol (1–5 × 10−5M) or phentolamine (2 × 10−5M) and indeed were often increased. The excitatory response to adrenalin was not blocked by TTX even after this had blocked the response to the nerve. Responses both to the nerve and adrenaline were blocked by trazodone. Acetyl choline caused some contraction of the stomach but only at high concentration.Muscles of the spiral intestine ofRaja or Scyliorhinus were activatedby stimulation of their sympathetic nerves and by adrenalin. These responses were not blocked by phentolamine and only reduced by propranalol They were blocked by trazodone. The response to adrenalin continued after the nerve was blocked by TTX. Acetyl choline had very little effect on the spiral intestine.The striking differences between the responses of the stomach and intestine are probably related to the fact that the plexus in the latter contains no nerve cells. The neurons in the stomach are therefore presumbly connected with the inhibition and large rebound contractions.
Grazing by the gastropod, Lacuna vincta, in the lower intertidal area at Musquash Head, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Thomas Martin L. H. , Page Frederick H. 
Published: October 2009

Lacuna vincta appeared at Musquash Head, New Brunswick, in large numbers from June to August 1981 principally on lower midlittoral and infralittoral fringe Fucus edentatus. The population reached a mean maximum of 280/m2 in June; by mid September the animals had disappeared. The L. vincta grazed heavily and deposited egg masses on Fucus edentatus but little on other species. All fine and filamentous and encrusting algal species and rock were avoided for egg deposition. Egg mass abundance peaked with the population in June with a mean of 180/m2. Mean egg production in June was 83000/m2.Both snail and egg mass distributions were correlated with the percentage cover of F. edentatus, reaching a maximum at 40–75 cm above mean low tide level.The snails ranged in length from 2–7 mm, consisting of three cohorts from different larval settlements. Growth was rapid in July averaging 0·6 mm/month slowing later.The food plant Fucus edentatus showed a heavy impact of the herbivore. Weight reductions attributable to grazing rose from 56 % in June to 79 % in August and grazed plants tended to thicken rather than elongate with growth. Grazing removed about 79 % of the net production of F. edentatus which averaged 61 g dry wt/m2/day. The impact of the L. vincta population on F. edentatus seems extraordinarily severe.
Reproduction, recruitment and juvenile ecology of the starfish,Asterias rubensandMarthasterias glacialis
Authors: Barker M. F. , Nichols D. 
Published: October 2009

Reproductive cycles are described for subtidal and intertidal populations of the, starfishAsterias rubensL. and for a subtidal population of the starfishMarthasterias glacialisL. on the south-west coast of Britain. IntertidalA. rubenshad a clearly defined reproductive cycle with spring-early summer spawning. Pyloric caecum indices were inversely related to gonad indices. SubtidalA. rubenshad lower gonad indices and less seasonal variation in the pyloric caecum indices. Gonad indices ofM. glacialissuggest few animals in the population studied were breeding, but it is likely that this species also spawns in summer.Plankton samples and larval rearing studies suggest a planktotrophic pelagic life of approximately 90 days forA. rubens. Field observations and laboratory experiments show larvae settle on a wide range of substrata. Recruitment to an intertidal population ofA. rubensat Hollicombe Reef occurred in July 1980 and September 1981. Growth of juvenile starfish was followed for 17 months. Juvenile starfish feed carnivorously at the completion of metamorphosis. Early growth is rapid; however, there is a reduction in the growth rate during winter months. Feeding and growth of juvenileA. rubensis compared with published data on juvenile starfish of other species.
The biology ofAtrispinum labracisn. comb. (Monogenea) on the gills of the bass,Dicentrarchus labrax
Authors: Winch Judith 
Published: October 2009

Atrispinum labracis(Van Beneden & Hesse) n.comb. syn.Microcotyle labracisVan Beneden & Hesse, 1863, parasitizes the bassDicentrarchus labraxbut almost only in the open sea; the very low prevalence of parasites on juvenile estuarine hosts was not due to intolerance of lower salinities in this habitat. The intensity of infection on open-sea bass was rarely more than 2 per fish but the strict localization of the habitat to the outer hemibranch of the ventral end of the first gill arch is thought to enhance the mating opportunities. The parasite attaches itself asymmetrically to the gill by a permanent morphological inclination of the body with respect to the haptor which is itself symmetrically aligned on a single primary lamella.Substantial differences between the copulatory apparatus ofA. labracisand that ofMicrocotyle donaviniVan Beneden & Hesse, 1863, the type ofMicrocotyle, have made necessary the transfer of the parasite fromDicentrarchus labraxtoAtrispinumMaillard & Noisy, 1979 and a consequent amendment to the diagnosis of the subfamily Atriasterinae Maillard & Noisy, 1979.
Differentiation of physiological aspects of the burrowing shrimp Callianassa tyrrhena in relation to general pollution load
Authors: Thessalou-Legaki M. , Kerambrun P. , Verriopoulos G. 
Published: October 2009

Two aspects of the physiology of the burrowing shrimp Caliianassa tyrrhena (Decapoda: Thalassinidea) were studied in order to investigate the effects of the general pollution load: total (TRR) and weight-specific respiration rate (SRR) as well as the digestive enzyme activity of the digestive gland.Caliianassa tyrrhena exhibited a very low respiration rate (mean TRR=64-29 μl 02 animal−1h−1, N=60; mean SRR=0·18 μl 02mg DW−1h−1, N=61).The slope of the TRR-DW logarithmic regression (b=0·64) showed that respiration in C. tyrrhena is proportional to body surface. Size is the dominant factor (among size, sex, season and locality) determining the variation in respiration rate. Comparison between the two sites with the different pollution load showed that there were no significant differences in the respiration rates of the same size class and season, except for the youngest animals in summer which showed a significant decrease in their respiration rate at the polluted site.A similar ‘inhibitory’ effect of pollution has been observed in the activity of the majority of the 19 digestive enzymes tested. Only three e.g., trypsin, β-galactosidase and α-glucosidase showed an increase in polluted waters.One could suggest, therefore, that C. tyrrhena can be considered to be preadapted to the low oxygen conditions encountered in the sediments, because of its burrowing mode of living.
Diversity of marine Bivalvia in Greek waters: effects of geography and environment
Authors: Zenetos Argyro 
Published: October 2009

The diversity and distribution of the Bivalvia fauna is examined in the various seas of Greek territorial waters. There is a statistically significant correlation between the bibliographical sources and the recorded variety of Bivalvia at any given area, with the deeper areas containing fewer species. Attention is given to some species ‘introduced’ into the area.Cluster analysis, based on the species present at 30 regions which represent distinct geographical and ecological units, do not show any differentiation that corresponds to a geographical pattern. However, a distinct group is associated with the deeper open areas, which suggests that ecological parameters, such as depth and degree of enclosure, play an important role in the distribution of species.
Suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering in laser beam hot spots
Authors: Sharma R.P. , Sharma Prerana , Rajput Shivani , Bhardwaj A.K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this article, filamentation of a high power laser beam in hot collisionless plasma is investigated considering the ponderomotive nonlinearity. We have studied the effect of self focusing (filamentation) of the laser beam on the localization of ion acoustic wave (IAW) and on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) process. The nonlinear coupling between the laser beam and IAW results in the modification of the Eigen frequency of IAW; consequently, enhanced Landau damping of IAW and a modified mismatch factor in SBS process occur. Due to enhanced Landau damping, there is a reduction in the intensity of IAW wave, and the SBS process gets suppressed. For the typical laser plasma parameters: the laser power flux = 1016 W/cm2, laser beam radius (r0) = 12 µm, n/ncr = 0.11, and (Te/Ti) = 10, the SBS reflectivity is found to be suppressed approximately by 10%.