bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and Spectral Cues for Musical Timbre Perception in Electric Hearing
Authors: Kong Ying-Yee , Mullangi Ala , Marozeau Jeremy , Epstein Michael 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate musical timbre perception in cochlear-implant (CI) listeners using a multidimensional scaling technique to derive a timbre space.MethodsSixteen stimuli that synthesized western musical instruments were used (McAdams, Winsberg, Donnadieu, De Soete, & Krimphoff, 1995). Eight CI listeners and 15 normal-hearing (NH) listeners participated. Each listener made judgments of dissimilarity between stimulus pairs. Acoustical analyses that characterized the temporal and spectral characteristics of each stimulus were performed to examine the psychophysical nature of each perceptual dimension.ResultsFor NH listeners, the timbre space was best represented in three dimensions, one correlated with the temporal envelope (log-attack time) of the stimuli, one correlated with the spectral envelope (spectral centroid), and one correlated with the spectral fine structure (spectral irregularity) of the stimuli. The timbre space from CI listeners, however, was best represented by two dimensions, one correlated with temporal envelope features and the other weakly correlated with spectral envelope features of the stimuli.ConclusionsTemporal envelope was a dominant cue for timbre perception in CI listeners. Compared to NH listeners, CI listeners showed reduced reliance on both spectral envelope and spectral fine structure cues for timbre perception.
Menthol cigarettes and smoking cessation among racial/ethnic groups in the United States
Authors: Trinidad Dennis R. , Pérez‐Stable Eliseo J. , Messer Karen , White Martha M. , Pierce John P. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTAim  To examine the association between smoking mentholated cigarettes and smoking cessation, separately for different racial/ethnic groups.Design  Secondary data analysis of the 2003 and 2006–07 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey.Setting  United States.Participants  African American, Asian American/Pacific Islander, Hispanic/Latino, Native American, non‐Hispanic white adults.Measurements  Examined relations between the use of mentholated cigarettes and measures of smoking cessation.Findings  Among African Americans (ORadj = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.35–1.95) and Hispanics/Latinos (ORadj = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.00–1.47), those who currently smoked mentholated cigarettes were more likely be seriously considering quitting in the next six months than were non‐menthol smokers, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. African Americans (ORadj = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.60–2.19) and Hispanics/Latinos (ORadj = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.11–1.62) who smoked mentholated cigarettes were also significantly more likely to have a positive estimation of successfully quitting in the next six months compared to non‐menthol smokers. These associations were not found among Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, Native Americans/Alaska Natives and Non‐Hispanic Whites. Among former smokers, across racial/ethnic groups, those who smoked mentholated cigarettes (vs. non‐menthols) were significantly less likely to have successfully quit for at least six months: African Americans (ORadj = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.17–0.31), Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders (ORadj = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.11–0.45), Hispanics/Latinos (ORadj = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34–0.69) and Non‐Hispanic Whites (ORadj = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.25–0.33).Conclusion  Across race/ethnic groups, those who used to regularly smoke mentholated cigarettes were less likely to have experienced long‐term quitting success. Cessation programs should consider the type of cigarette typically smoked by participants, particularly menthols.
The effect of octreotide on human gastric compliance and sensory perception
Authors: MERTZ H. , WALSH J. H. , SYTNIK B. , MAYER E. A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSomatostatin or its analogue octreotide (OCT) has previously been shown to modulate gastric emptying, intestinal motor activity and visceral sensation. In the current study we sought to determine the effect of a single dose of OCT (1.25 μg kg−1 s.c.), which has previously been shown to have both motor and sensory effects, on proximal gastric compliance and on conscious perception of gastric distention. Gastric distention was performed in 13 healthy male volunteers, by either slow ramp distention (60 ml min−1) or by intermittent pressure steps (phasic distention; 4–20 mmHg) using an electronic distention device. Compliance curves (pressure–volume relationship), and thresholds for innocuous (fullness) and noxious sensations (discomfort, pain) were determined following vehicle or OCT injection. OCT consistently and significantly reduced the rate of the gastric accommodation reflex by 50%, resulting in a reduced compliance at distention pressures greater than 10 mmHg during phasic distention. In contrast, no effect was observed on the compliance curve obtained during ramp distention. OCT selectively increased the threshold for fullness during both ramp and phasic distention. During phasic distention, OCT decreased the volume thresholds for noxious (pain) sensations experienced at volumes greater than 300 ml, without affecting the corresponding pressure threshold. These findings suggest that at low distension volumes, OCT in the dosage used has a direct inhibitory effect on afferents mediating innocuous gastric sensations. The hyperalgesic effect observed during phasic distention may be secondary to OCT's inhibitory effect on the gastric accommodation reflex.
Intraluminal micromanometry: an evaluation of the dynamic performance of micro‐extrusions and sleeve sensors
Authors: OMARI T. , BAKEWELL M. , FRASER R. , MALBERT C. , DAVIDSON G. , DENT J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractConventional manometric techniques are unsuitable for studies in premature infants and small laboratory animals. We have therefore developed silicone rubber 5‐lumen and 10‐lumen micromanometric extrusions with an o.d. 2.0 mm and lumina of 0.35 mm i.d. This study evaluates the suitability of micro‐extrusions for intraluminal perfusion manometry.Pressure offset, post‐occlusion pressure rise rate and sphincter model studies were used to assess the monometric performance of the extrusions and a miniature sleeve sensor (25 mm long) at infusion rates of 0.01‐0.1 mL min−1.Micro‐extrusions (5‐lumen/10‐lumen, respectively) had offsets (per 100 cm of length) of 3.8/5.0 mmHg at 0.01 mL min−1 and 25.6/26.2 mmHg at 0.1 mL min−1 and rise rates (in 160 cm lengths) of 64/43 mmHg sec−1 at 0.01 mL min−1 and 330/224 mmHg sec−1 at 0.1 mL min−1. Infusion rates 0.025 mL min−1 produced rise rates 100 mmHg sec−1. The miniature sleeve sensor had minimal resistance to perfusion, rise rates of 3 mmHg sec−1 at 0.01 mL min−1 and 23 mmHg sec−1 at 0.1 mL min−1 and recorded pressure as accurately as a side hole.We conclude that the performance of micromanometric extrusions and sleeves is sufficient for intraluminal perfusion manometry.
Polar Movement of Ions in Barley Roots
Authors: SINGH CHANCHAL , JACOBSON LOUIS 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe movement of Na+, Rb+, Ca2+, Cl−, and THO was investigated in excised roots of six‐day‐old barley plants containing different initial salt contents. Ions applied at any point of a root segment, 12 cm long, moved strictly towards the base of the root. The polar movement was maintained even after removing different lengths of the apex and applying ions to the central zone of the remaining segment. Ions applied to either cut end also showed the same polar movement. The polar movement of ions was unaffected by the initial salt status. Tritiated water applied to the central zone of the segment moved in both the apical and basal direction. The ion movement was not correlated with the water movement. No current hypothesis of ion transport satisfactorily explains the observed polar movement.
Influence of the Semen Deposition Site on the Calves’ Sex Ratio in Simmental Dairy Cattle
Authors: Zobel R , Gereš D , Pipal I , Buić V , Gračner D , Tkalcic S 
Published: November 2010

ContentsIt has been suggested that the time of insemination has effect on the calves’ sex ratio because of the differences in timing of capacitation, motility and survival time of the X and Y spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract. We have conducted a field trial to study the effects of different semen deposition sites on the sex ratio and fertility in cattle. Two groups of 450 cows were inseminated via artificial insemination: group A was inseminated into the uterine body and group B was inseminated deep into the uterine horn ipsilateral to the ovary with dominant follicle. After applying several exclusion criteria, a total of 607 pregnant cows were considered for data analysis (group A = 318 and group B = 289 cows). The conception rate was 7% higher (p < 0.05) in the group A, with 23% more of the male calf pregnancies (p < 0.001). At the same time, 18% more of the female calves were calved in the group B (p < 0.005). The difference in male calves between the two groups was 21% and in female calves was 20% (p < 0.001). We conclude that semen deposition site plays a significant role in differences in gender ratio observed after calving. Intracornual semen deposition resulted in a higher ratio of female calves, whereas uterine body deposition site resulted in higher male calves ratio, probably contributing physiologically to the differences in motility, capacitation time, the lifespan of X vs Y spermatozoa and to the pronounced shift of X spermatozoa in the female genital tract.
‘Now we call it research’: participatory health research involving marginalized women who use drugs
Authors: Salmon Amy , Browne Annette J , Pederson Ann 
Published: November 2010

SALMON A, BROWNE AJ, and PEDERSON A. Nursing Inquiry 2010; 17: 336–345 ‘Now we call it research’: participatory health research involving marginalized women who use drugsIn this paper, we discuss and analyse the strategies employed and challenges encountered when conducting a recent feminist participatory action research study with highly marginalized women who were illicit drug users in an inner city area of Vancouver, Canada. Through an analysis of the political economy of participatory praxis within current neoliberal contexts, we focus on three main areas: (i) reconceptualizing the pragmatics of participation; (ii) the microeconomic implications of participatory research, including ethical issues in payment for research participation; and (iii) the value and limits of using research as a tool for activism and empowerment. We conclude with a brief discussion of what we see to be some of the most salient social justice implications arising from feminist and participatory approaches to health research within neoliberal political spaces.
Charting the excitability of premotor to motor connections while withholding or initiating a selected movement
Authors: Kroeger Johan , Bäumer Tobias , Jonas Melanie , Rothwell John C. , Siebner Hartwig R. , Münchau Alexander 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn 19 healthy volunteers, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to probe the excitability in pathways linking the left dorsal premotor cortex and right primary motor cortex and those linking the left and right motor cortex during the response delay and the reaction time period while subjects performed a delayed response [symbol 1 (S1) ‐ symbol 2 (S2)] Go–NoGo reaction time task with visual cues. Conditioning TMS pulses were applied to the left premotor or left motor cortex 8 ms before a test pulse was given to the right motor cortex at 300 or 1800 ms after S1 or 150 ms after S2. S1 coded for right‐hand or left‐hand movement, and S2 for release or stopping the prepared movement. Conditioning of the left premotor cortex led to interhemispheric inhibition at 300 ms post‐S1, interhemispheric facilitation at 150 ms post‐S2, and shorter reaction times in the move‐left condition. Conditioning of the left motor cortex led to inhibition at 1800 ms post‐S1 and 150 ms post‐S2, and slower reaction times for move‐right conditions, and inhibition at 300 and 1800 ms post‐S1 for move‐left conditions. Relative motor evoked potential amplitudes following premotor conditioning at 150 ms post‐S2 were significantly smaller in ‘NoGo’ than in ‘Go’ trials for move‐left instructions. We conclude that the excitability in left premotor/motor right motor pathways is context‐dependent and affects motor behaviour. Thus, the left premotor cortex is engaged not only in action selection but also in withholding and releasing a preselected movement generated by the right motor cortex.
Polymorphisms of adrenergic cardiovascular control genes are associated with adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Sommerfeldt Line , Portilla Helene , Jacobsen Line , Gjerstad Johannes , Wyller Vegard Bruun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  To explore the frequency of polymorphisms in adrenergic cardiovascular control genes in adolescent with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and the relation of such polymorphisms to cardiovascular variables.Methods:  DNA from 53 patients with CFS, 12–18 years old, was analysed for five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT), the β2‐adrenergic receptor (two SNPs), the β1‐adrenergic receptor and the α2a‐adrenergic receptor. Frequencies were compared to a reference population constructed from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, and associations between frequencies and autonomic cardiovascular responses during a 20° head‐uptilt‐test were explored.Results:  For the COMT SNP Rs4680, patients with CFS had a higher frequency of the AA genotype and a lower frequency of the G containing genotypes (AG and GG), when compared to the reference sample (p = 0.046). Also, the AA genotype was associated with a smaller increase in LF/HF ratio (low‐frequency:high‐frequency heart rate variability ratio, an index of cardiac sympathovagal balance) during head‐up tilt when compared to the AG/GG genotypes. For the β2‐adrenergic receptor SNP Rs1042714, patients with CFS had a lower frequency of the GG genotype and a higher frequency of the genotypes containing C (CG and CC) (p = 0.044).Conclusions:  CFS might be related to polymorphisms of COMT and the β2‐adrenergic receptor. More details of the molecular mechanisms remain to be investigated.
Influence of extended light exposure time on the degree of conversion and plasticization of materials used as pit and fissure sealants
Authors: Borges Boniek Castillo Dutra , Souza‐Júnior Eduardo José , Catelan Anderson , Lovadino José Roberto , Dos Santos Paulo Henrique , Paulillo Luís Alexandre Maffei Sartini , Aguiar Flávio Henrique Baggio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the conversion and plasticization of fissure sealer materials, as influenced by extended curing time.Methods:  Twenty specimens (n = 5) of a pit and fissure sealant and a flowable composite at two curing times (20 and 60 sec) were photocured with the Bluephase 16i light‐emitting diode. The conversion was determined by Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflection spectroscopy 24 h after polymerization. Hardness was measured, and samples were stored in absolute ethanol for 24 h. A second hardness measurement was executed after storage to assess plasticization by the percentage of hardness decrease. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation (α = 0.05).Results:  The pit and fissure sealant showed lower degree of conversion than the flowable composite. The 60‐sec curing time increased the conversion only for the flowable composite. Plasticization was lower for the flowable composite than for the pit and fissure sealant. The 60‐sec light exposure time showed a similar percentage of hardness decrease of 20 sec. A low correlation between the conversion and plasticization was found.Conclusion:  Extended curing time improved the conversion only for the flowable composite. The pit and fissure sealant presented lower conversion and higher plasticization than the flowable composite.
The Text-mining based PubChem Bioassay neighboring analysis
Authors: Han Lianyi , Suzek Tugba O , Wang Yanli , Bryant Steve H 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
In recent years, the number of High Throughput Screening (HTS) assays deposited in PubChem has grown quickly. As a result, the volume of both the structured information (i.e. molecular structure, bioactivities) and the unstructured information (such as descriptions of bioassay experiments), has been increasing exponentially. As a result, it has become even more demanding and challenging to efficiently assemble the bioactivity data by mining the huge amount of information to identify and interpret the relationships among the diversified bioassay experiments. In this work, we propose a text-mining based approach for bioassay neighboring analysis from the unstructured text descriptions contained in the PubChem BioAssay database.

Results
The neighboring analysis is achieved by evaluating the cosine scores of each bioassay pair and fraction of overlaps among the human-curated neighbors. Our results from the cosine score distribution analysis and assay neighbor clustering analysis on all PubChem bioassays suggest that strong correlations among the bioassays can be identified from their conceptual relevance. A comparison with other existing assay neighboring methods suggests that the text-mining based bioassay neighboring approach provides meaningful linkages among the PubChem bioassays, and complements the existing methods by identifying additional relationships among the bioassay entries.

Conclusions
The text-mining based bioassay neighboring analysis is efficient for correlating bioassays and studying different aspects of a biological process, which are otherwise difficult to achieve by existing neighboring procedures due to the lack of specific annotations and structured information. It is suggested that the text-mining based bioassay neighboring analysis can be used as a standalone or as a complementary tool for the PubChem bioassay neighboring process to enable efficient integration of assay results and generate hypotheses for the discovery of bioactivities of the tested reagents.
Mechanisms of leukocyte distribution during sepsis: an experimental study on the interdependence of cell activation, shear stress and endothelial injury
Authors: Ploppa Annette , Schmidt Volker , Hientz Andreas , Reutershan Joerg , Haeberle Helene A , Nohé Boris 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Introduction
This study was carried out to determine whether interactions of cell activation, shear stress and platelets at sites of endothelial injury explain the paradoxical maldistribution of activated leukocytes during sepsis away from local sites of infection towards disseminated leukocyte accumulation at remote sites.

Methods
Human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were activated with lipopolysaccharide at 100 and 10 ng/ml to achieve adhesion molecule patterns as have been reported from the hyper- and hypo-inflammatory stage of sepsis. To examine effects of leukocyte activation on leukocyte-endothelial interactions, activated HUVEC were perfused with activated and non-activated neutrophils in a parallel plate flow chamber. Adhesion molecule expression and function were assessed by flow cytometry and blocking antibodies. In a subset of experiments the sub-endothelial matrix was exposed and covered with platelets to account for the effects of endothelial injury. To investigate interactions of these effects with flow, all experiments were done at various shear stress levels (3 to 0.25 dyne/cm2). Leukocyte-endothelial interactions were analyzed by videomicroscopy and analysis of covariance.

Results
Activation of neutrophils rendered adhesion increasingly dependent on shear stress reduction. At normal shear stress, shedding of L-selectin decreased adhesion by 56%. Increased rolling fractions of activated PMN at low shear stress revealed impaired integrin affinity despite numerical up-regulation of CD11b. On sub-maximally activated, intact HUVEC shear stress became the prevailing determinant of adhesion. Presence of a platelet-covered injury with high surface density of P-selectin was the strongest variable for adhesion. When compared to maximally activated HUVEC, platelets increased neutrophil adhesion by 2.7-fold. At sub-maximal activation a 10-fold increase was observed (P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusions
L-selectin shedding and integrin dysfunction render leukocyte adhesion increasingly susceptible to shear stress and alternative adhesion receptors. In combination, these effects inhibit recruitment to normally perfused sites with intact endothelium and favor maldistribution towards sites with compromised perfusion or endothelial injury.
Changes in Invasive Breast Cancer and Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Rates in Relation to the Decline in Hormone Therapy Use
Authors: Farhat Ghada N. , Walker Rod , Buist Diana S.M. , Onega Tracy , Kerlikowske Karla 
Published: November 2010

Purpose To assess trends in invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) incidence in association with changes in hormone therapy (HT) use in regular mammography screeners. Methods We included 2,071,814 screening mammography examinations performed between January 1997 and December 2006 on 696,385 women age 40 to 79 years; 9,586 breast cancers were diagnosed within 12 months of a screening examination. We calculated adjusted annual rates (mammogram level) for prevalent HT use, incident invasive breast cancer (overall and by tumor histology and estrogen receptor [ER] status), and incident DCIS. Results After a precipitous decrease in HT use in 2002, the incidence of invasive breast cancer decreased significantly in 2002 to 2006 among women age 50 to 69 years (Ptrend(2002–2006) = .005) and 70 to 79 years (Ptrend(2002–2006) = .003) but not in women age 40 to 49 years (Ptrend(2002–2006) = .45). DCIS rates significantly decreased in women age 50 to 69 years after 2002 (Ptrend(2002–2006) = .02). Invasive ductal tumors significantly declined in women age 50 to 69 years and 70 to 79 years in 2002 to 2006. In women age 50 to 69 years, invasive lobular and ER-positive cancer rates declined steadily in 2002 to 2005 (Ptrend(2002–2005) = .02 and .03, respectively), but an elevated rate in 2006 rendered the overall trend nonsignificant (Ptrend(2002–2006) = .89 and .91, respectively). Conclusion In parallel to the sharp decline in HT use in women undergoing regular mammography screening, invasive breast cancer rates decreased in women age 50 to 69 and 70 to 79 years after 2002, and DCIS rates decreased in women age 50 to 69 years, consistent with evidence that HT cessation reduces breast cancer risk. However, the decrease in incidence may have started to level off in 2006; this finding has not been uniformly reported in other populations, warranting further investigation.