bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constrained Bayes in multiplicative area‐level models under the precautionary loss function
Authors: Torkashvand Elaheh , Jafari Jozani Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConsider the problem of benchmarking small‐area estimates under multiplicative models with positive parameters. The goal is to propose a loss function that guarantees positive constrained estimates of small‐area parameters in this situation. The weighted precautionary loss function is introduced to solve the problem. Compared with the weighted Kullback–Leibler (KL) loss function, our proposed loss function penalizes underestimation of the small‐area parameters of interest more for small values of parameters. This property is appealing when we estimate disease rates. It tends to give larger estimates of small‐area parameters compared with those obtained under the KL loss function. The hierarchical empirical Bayes and constrained hierarchical empirical Bayes estimates of small‐area parameters and their corresponding risk functions under the new proposed loss function are obtained. The performance of the proposed methods is investigated using simulation studies and a real dataset.
Socioeconomic status and different forms of rhinitis in Swedish adults
Authors: Bashir Muwada Bashir Awad , Pullerits Teet , Ekerljung Linda , Backman Helena , Wennergren Göran , Kankaanranta Hannu , Nwaru Bright I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundRhinitis encompasses diverse forms. Each form has distinct pathophysiology and clinical manifestations and may be influenced by differential risk factors. The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and different forms of rhinitis remains poorly understood. Our aim was to examine SES variations in allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis in adults.MethodsBased on a 2016 postal questionnaire survey within the West Sweden Asthma Study, we analyzed data from 36,213 subjects aged 16–75 years. The measures of SES were levels of education and occupation. Adjusted logistic regression was used to examine associations between SES and the rhinitis outcomes.ResultsAttaining a secondary school and tertiary education, compared to a primary school, were associated with increased risk of allergic rhinitis (secondary OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.22–1.45; tertiary 1.54, 1.41–1.69) and chronic rhinitis (secondary 1.18, 1.08–1.29; tertiary 1.17, 1.06–1.28). The influence of occupation was consistent with respect to allergic rhinitis. For instance, compared to the lowest occupational skill level, the highest level (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04–1.48) and the lower high occupation levels (1.24, 1.04–1.49) were associated with an increased risk of allergic rhinitis. No significant link was found between education and chronic rhinosinusitis or between occupation levels and risk of either chronic rhinitis or chronic rhinosinusitis.ConclusionIndividuals with higher education and those at higher occupational levels may be at higher risk of having different forms of rhinitis than those at lower education and occupation levels. Assessment of rhinitis burden via SES can be one strategy to develop preventive strategies.
Structure and function of FAP47 in the central pair apparatus of Chlamydomonas flagella
Authors: Tani Yuma , Yanagisawa Haruaki , Yagi Toshiki , Kikkawa Masahide 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMotile cilia have a so‐called “9 + 2” structure, which consists of nine doublet microtubules and a central pair apparatus. The central pair apparatus (CA) is thought to interact mechanically with radial spokes and to control the flagellar beating. Recently, the components of the CA have been identified by proteomic and genomic analyses. Still, the mechanism of how the CA contributes to ciliary motility has much to be revealed. Here, we focused on one CA component with a large molecular weight: FAP47, and its relationship with two other CA components with large molecular weight: HYDIN, and CPC1. The analyses of motility of the Chlamydomonas mutants revealed that in contrast to cpc1 or hydin, which swam more slowly than the wild type, fap47 cells displayed wild‐type swimming velocity and flagellar beat frequency, yet interestingly, fap47 cells have phototaxis defects and swim straighter than the wild‐type cells. Furthermore, the double mutant fap47cpc1 and fap47hydin showed significantly slower swimming than cpc1 and hydin cells, and the motility defect of fap47cpc1 was rescued to the cpc1 level with GFP‐tagged FAP47, indicating that the lack of FAP47 makes the motility defect of cpc1 worse. Cryo‐electron tomography demonstrated that the fap47 lacks a part of the C1–C2 bridge of CA. Taken together, these observations indicate that FAP47 maintains the structural stiffness of the CA, which is important for flagellar regulation.
Therapeutic Alliance in Family‐Based Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa: In‐Person Versus Telehealth
Authors: Cooper Marita , Connor Chloe , Orloff Natalia , Herrington John D. , Timko C. Alix 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe therapeutic alliance is broadly linked with positive outcomes. However, nearly all research in this area involves in‐person therapy, whereas teletherapy has grown increasing common since the COVID‐19 pandemic. There is now a pressing need to establish whether the nature and importance of the therapeutic alliance is impacted by teletherapy. This study examined therapeutic alliance in families of youth with anorexia nervosa who were participating in a randomized controlled trial that transitioned from in‐person to telehealth visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodWe analysed data from 53 adolescents and their parents (20 began in‐person, 33 began with telehealth). Both parents, youth and therapist completed the Working Alliance Inventory–Short Revised after 4 weeks of treatment.ResultsWe found no significant differences across telehealth and in‐person treatment for paternal or therapist reported data. However, both adolescents and mothers reported higher bond and goal‐related alliance for in‐person sessions compared to telehealth.ConclusionsFindings regarding alliance across telehealth and in‐person sessions were mixed, with some preference among mothers and youth for in‐person treatment. Future studies should determine whether possible adaptations can improve working alliance during family‐based treatment for anorexia nervosa via telehealth.
Comprehensive pan‐cancer analysis of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation activity reveals positive immunomodulation and assists in identifying potential therapeutic targets for immunotherapy resistance
Authors: Chen Qingshan , Gao Fenglin , Wu Junwan , Zhang Kaiming , Du Tian , Chen Yuhong , Cai Ruizhao , Zhao Dechang , Deng Rong , Tang Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP) plays a pivotal role in cellular death and immune activation. A deeper understanding of the impact of tumour MOMP on immunity will aid in guiding more effective immunotherapeutic strategies.MethodsA comprehensive pan‐cancer dataset comprising 30 cancer‐type transcriptomic cohorts, 20 immunotherapy transcriptomic cohorts and three immunotherapy scRNA‐seq datasets was collected and analysed to determine the influence of tumour MOMP activity on clinical prognosis, immune infiltration and immunotherapy effectiveness. Leveraging 65 scRNA‐Seq datasets, the MOMP signature (MOMP.Sig) was developed to accurately reflect tumour MOMP activity. The clinical predictive value of MOMP.Sig was explored through machine learning models. Integration of the MOMP.Sig model and a pan‐cancer immunotherapy CRISPR screen further investigated potential targets to overcome immunotherapy resistance, which subsequently underwent clinical validation.ResultsOur research revealed that elevated MOMP activity reduces mortality risk in cancer patients, drives the formation of an anti‐tumour immune environment and enhances the response to immunotherapy. This finding emphasises the potential clinical application value of MOMP activity in immunotherapy. MOMP.Sig, offering a more precise indicator of tumour cell MOMP activity, demonstrated outstanding predictive efficacy in machine‐learning models. Moreover, with the assistance of the MOMP.Sig model, FOXO1 was identified as a core modulator that promotes immune resistance. Finally, these findings were successfully validated in clinical immunotherapy cohorts of skin cutaneous melanoma and triple‐negative breast cancer patients.ConclusionsThis study enhances our understanding of MOMP activity in immune modulation, providing valuable insights for more effective immunotherapeutic strategies across diverse tumours.
Hybrid Salp Swarm and Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm‐based clustering scheme for improving network lifespan in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Manoharan Mathankumar , Ponnusamy Thirumoorthi , Subramaniam Umashankar 
Published: June 2024

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) represent the collection of restricted energy sensor nodes that are deployed in an area of target for gathering potential environment data for decision‐making with respect to their objective of application. However, the implementation of energy‐effective data gathering strategies in large‐scale WSNs is the most challenging due to the limited energy resources. Clustering‐based data gathering strategies are identified to be quite effective for energy saving that directly attributes to extended network lifetime. Moreover, optimal path amid the cluster head (CH) and sink node needs to be selected for sustaining energy efficiency and improving network lifespan. In this article, Hybrid Salp Swarm and Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (HSSIWOA)‐based clustering scheme is proposed for improving the network lifetime and routing optimization with maximized energy efficacy. It integrated the exploration capability of Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm (SSOA) with exploitation benefits of Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (IWOA) for balancing the trade‐off between the rate of exploration and exploitation during CH selection process. It utilized the parameters of residual energy, load balance, intra‐cluster distance, inter‐cluster distance, and node centrality into account during the process of fitness evaluation. It performed well by constructing an optimized number of clusters, such that energy stability and network lifetime are maintained in the network. The experimental results of the proposed HSSIWOA scheme confirmed extended network lifetime of 21.64%, minimized energy utilization of 23.42%, and maximized throughput of 18.56%, better than the baseline approaches.
The Early–Middle Miocene climate as reflected by a mid‐latitude lacustrine record in the Ebro Basin, north‐east Iberia
Authors: Arenas Concha , Osácar Cinta , Pérez‐Rivarés Francisco Javier , Bastida Joaquín , Gil Andrés , Auqué Luis F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis contribution examines the climate variations reflected by a mainly lacustrine succession spanning from 17.73 to 14.0 Ma in north‐east Iberia, thus encompassing the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO). The study is based on the δ13C and δ18O composition of an array of carbonate facies and marl samples, complemented with sedimentological analysis, illite crystallinity index and magnetic susceptibility data. The onset and ending of the MCO have been detected at ca 17.10‐17.06 Ma and 14.56 Ma, roughly equivalent to the boundaries in the marine record, although with relatively short lags. The variability of the data series evidenced changes in humidity and air temperature through the MCO, some of which coincided with similar variations in other records. Specifically, an evolving positive shift in δ13C values, from 16.5 to 14.5 Ma, seems to fit the Monterey excursion observed in marine records. Likewise, increases in δ18O values between 16.8 and 16.5 Ma and between 14.85 and 14.56 Ma in the study succession concurred with warming intervals recorded in palaeosols of Central Europe, emphasising the coincidence with the temperature maximum at ca 16.6 Ma. A general decline in temperature and an increase in humidity are detected from 14.56 Ma, both with steeper trends until 14.41 Ma then more gradual onwards, indicating the beginning of the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition. These results shed light upon the tightly coincidental features between terrestrial and marine records over those time intervals and, more importantly, highlight the earlier warming and the faster cooling experienced by the lake system as compared with the marine record. These findings provide further evidence to help infer palaeoclimate conditions on a much broader reach than the regional context.
Metal ions limit or enhance environmental DNA detectability in marine sediments
Authors: Dumoulin Laury‐Ann , Chevrinais Marion , St‐Louis Richard , Parent Geneviève J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNatural matrices affect environmental DNA (eDNA) detections. Effects of matrix‐eluted compounds on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) step have been the focus of most inhibition studies. Factors affecting eDNA detections in a typical laboratory workflow, i.e., DNA extraction and PCR steps, are mostly unknown. Here, we assessed the effect of four metal ions (Ca2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Cu2+) present in marine sediments on DNA detectability for both the extraction and the PCR detection steps. A single metal ion and exogenous DNA were added to marine sediments treated chemically to remove inhibitors. Our results showed that natural concentrations of calcium, iron, and manganese ions in surface marine sediments can impede completely DNA detections. Alternatively, copper ions added to the matrix increased DNA detectability by 7.7%. We also observed bimodal inhibitory effects of calcium and iron ions on DNA detectability, suggesting that the extraction and the PCR steps are both affected. Our findings highlight new limitations of eDNA detections. Avenues to optimize eDNA detection protocols applicable to multiple matrices are discussed.
Rh‐Catalyzed [4+3] Annulation of N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐Triazoles with 4‐Vinyl Indoles to Access Azepinoindoles
Authors: Wang Ze‐Hua , Xu Ze‐Feng , Feng Jing , Yu Mingming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study provided an efficient synthesis pathway to the azepino[5,4,3‐cd]indoles using N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and 4‐vinylindoles through a cascade carbene insertion and intramolecular aza‐Michael addition. This method is distinguished by mild reaction conditions, straightforward operational steps, accessible starting materials and broad substrate compatibility. Furthermore, the versatility of this reaction with various Michael acceptors significantly broadens the scope of potential substrates. The ability to further transform the resulting multifunctional products underscores the promising applications of this approach in indole nitrogen heterocyclic synthesis.
Unlocking fast‐charging capabilities of lithium‐ion batteries through liquid electrolyte engineering
Authors: Song Chaeeun , Han Seung Hee , Moon Hyeongyu , Choi Nam‐Soon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlobal trends toward green energy have empowered the extensive application of high‐performance energy storage systems. With the worldwide spread of electric vehicles (EVs), lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) capable of fast‐charging have become increasingly important. Nonetheless, state‐of‐the‐art LIBs have failed to satisfy the demands of prospective customers, including rapid charging, extended cycle life, and high energy density. Addressing these challenges through innovations in material science and other advanced battery technologies is essential for meeting the growing demands of prospective customers. Besides the choice of active materials, electrolyte formulation has a significant impact on the fast‐charging performance and cycle life of LIBs over a wide range of temperatures. The liquid electrolyte is typically composed of lithium salts to provide an ion source, solvents to carry Li+ ions, and functional additives to build a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). To enable the fast movement of Li+ ions, the liquid electrolytes should have low viscosity and high ionic conductivity. Meanwhile, SEI layers must be thin, uniform and ionically conductive. Furthermore, the low binding energy of the solvent facilitates desolvation of the solvation sheath, enabling fast Li+ ion transport to the anode during fast charging. This review provides the latest insights into rapid Li+ ion transport during fast charging, focusing on ensuring a deeper understanding of liquid electrolyte chemistry. The involvement of existing electrolyte mechanisms in materials discovery will develop electrolyte engineering techniques to improve the fast‐charging performance of batteries over a wide temperature range and will also facilitate the development of EV‐adoptable advanced electrodes.image
Clinical features of unilateral multilobar and hemispheric polymicrogyria (PMG)‐related epilepsy and seizure outcome with different treatment options
Authors: Wu Pengxia , Liu Qingzhu , Liu Xianyu , Sun Yu , Zhang Jie , Wang Ruofan , Ji Taoyun , Wang Shuang , Liu Xiaoyan , Jiang Yuwu , Cai Lixin , Wu Ye 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo provide evidence for choosing surgical or nonsurgical treatment for epilepsy in patients with unilateral multilobar and hemispheric polymicrogyria (PMG).MethodsWe searched published studies until September 2022 related to unilateral multilobar and hemispheric PMG and included patients who were followed up at the Pediatric Epilepsy Centre of Peking University First Hospital in the past 10 years. We summarized the clinical characteristics and compared the long‐term outcomes after surgical or nonsurgical (anti‐seizure medications, ASMs) treatment.ResultsA total of 70 patients (49 surgical, 21 non‐surgical) with unilateral multilobar and hemispheric PMG were included. The median age at epilepsy onset was 2.5 years (1.0–4.1). The most common seizure types were focal and atypical absence seizures. In the whole cohort, 87.3% had hemiparesis and 67.1% had electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep (ESES). There were significant differences in age at epilepsy onset, extent of lesion, and EEG interictal discharges between the two groups. At the last follow‐up (median 14.1 years), the rates of seizure‐freedom (81.6% vs. 57.1%, p = 0.032) and ASM discontinuation (44.4% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.006) were higher in the surgical group than in the nonsurgical group. Patients in the surgical group had a higher rate of seizure‐freedom with complete resection/disconnection than with subtotal resection (87.5% vs. 55.6%, p = 0.078), but with no statistically significant difference. In the nonsurgical group, more extensive lesions were associated with worse seizure outcomes. Cognition improved postoperatively in 90% of surgical patients.SignificanceIn patients with unilateral multilobar and hemispheric PMG, the age of seizure onset, the extent of the lesion and EEG features can help determine whether surgery should be performed early. Additionally, surgery could be more favorable for achieving seizure freedom and cognitive improvement sooner.Plain Language SummaryWe aim to summarize clinical characteristics and compare the long‐term outcomes after surgical and nonsurgical (ASM) treatment to provide a basis for treatment decisions for patients with unilateral multilobar and hemispheric polymicrogyria (PMG)‐related epilepsy. We found that patients with unilateral hemispheric and multilobar PMG had significantly higher rates of seizure freedom and ASM discontinuation with surgical treatment than with nonsurgical treatment. In the surgical group, seizure outcomes were better in patients treated with complete resection/disconnection than in those treated with subtotal resection, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Recent advances and research progress on the role of carbon‐based biomass in ultra‐capacitors: A systematic review
Authors: Balasubramanian Dhinesh , Varadharajan Hariharan , Papla Venugopal Inbanaathan , Varuvel Edwin Geo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBiomass‐derived carbon material has drawn significant attention recently due to its wide availability, environmentally free, and effective performance of the resulting porous carbons for supercapacitor (SC) applications. Carbon electrode material derived from biomass is used for energy storage (ES) because it has distinct qualities in porosity, a large specific surface area, and excellent conductivity. Furthermore, these materials' homogeneous, flawless biological structures can be used as models to create electrode materials with accurate geometries. The ES devices, known as SCs, also known as ultra‐capacitors, serve as a link between a capacitor and a battery. Due to their charge storage, SCs can produce a much higher density than batteries. Several factors, including the electrode's potential window, the electrode materials characteristics, and the electrolyte choice, have a major effect on SC performance. Therefore, all efforts have been made to develop SC electrode materials. This paper explains the different types of SCs and how they work. The various available biomass resources, as well as the methods for producing them, are outlined. In addition, the different types of electrode materials, activation methods, heteroatom functionalization, and electrolyte types are all thoroughly examined. The application and research advancement of biomass‐derived carbon used in SCs over the past 3 years are highlighted. Furthermore, this research outlines the benefits of SCs for the environment and the economy, as well as present challenges and future recommendations for advancing biomass‐derived carbon applications. This article aims to give an in‐depth knowledge of carbon‐based biomass materials that are used in SCs.
Roles of non‐visible light and temperature in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in fruits and vegetables
Authors: Yin Haining , Wang Lin , Wu Yanjun , Xi Zhumei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe depletion of the ozone layer creates a gate for non‐visible spectra to impact the Earth's surface and interfere with fruit and vegetable growth and developments by affecting their morphology and physiology. The potential contribution of visible light to photosynthetic activity has received significant attention, particularly blue and red/far‐red light in the visible spectrum. However, plants are also inevitably exposed to relatively high doses of non‐visible spectra, including ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) radiation. This review examines the literature on the impact of such non‐visible spectra on fruit and vegetable growth and development. The accumulation of radiation‐absorbing compounds is a primary mechanism of acclimation to changing radiation levels. Anthocyanins are compounds that exhibit high sensitivity to UV and IR radiation as well as temperature variations, playing a crucial protective role against detrimental radiation in plants. Current research helps to elucidate the involvement of low and high temperatures in the control of UVB‐induced anthocyanin accumulation. Different UV radiation types have been shown to affect fruit and vegetable growth and pigment content differentially. Recent studies have also revealed that IR radiation increases anthocyanin content. Furthermore, specific non‐visible spectra mitigate the inhibitory effect of high and low temperature stress on anthocyanin accumulation in fruits and vegetables. These findings have important implications for the horticultural industry, as they suggest that the application of specific of non‐visible light spectra could be a promising approach to increasing the nutritional value and marketability of fruits and vegetables.