bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living Donor Hepatectomy: The Importance of the Residual Liver Volume
Authors: Reichman Trevor W. , Sandroussi Charbel , Azouz Solomon M. , Adcock Lesley , Cattral Mark S. , McGilvray Ian D. , Greig Paul D. , Ghanekar Anand , Selzner Markus , Levy Gary , Grant David R. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Living liver donation is a successful treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. Most adults are provided with a right lobe graft to ensure a generous recipient liver volume. Some centers are re-exploring the use of smaller left lobe grafts to potentially reduce the donor risk. However, the evidence showing that the donor risk is lower with left lobe donation is inconsistent, and most previous studies have been limited by potential learning curve effects, small sample sizes, or poorly matched comparison groups. To address these deficiencies, we conducted a case-control study. Forty-five consecutive patients who underwent left hepatectomy (LH; n = 4) or left lateral segmentectomy (LLS; n = 41) were compared with matched controls who underwent right hepatectomy (RH) or extended right hepatectomy (ERH). The overall complication rates of the 3 groups were similar (31%-37%). There were no grade 4 or 5 complications. There were more grade 3 complications for the RH patients (13.3%) and the ERH patients (15.6%) versus the LH/LLS patients (2.2%). The extent of the liver resection significantly correlated with the peak international normalized ratio (INR), the days to INR normalization, and the peak bilirubin level. A univariate analysis demonstrated that hepatectomy, the spared volume percentage, and the peak bilirubin level were strongly associated with grade 3 complications. A higher peak bilirubin level, which correlated with a lower residual liver volume, was associated with grade 3 complications in a multivariate analysis (P = 0.005). RH and grade 3 complications were associated with an increased length of stay (>7 days) in a multivariate analysis. In conclusion, this analysis demonstrates a significant correlation between the residual liver volume and liver dysfunction, serious adverse postoperative events, and longer hospital stays. Donor safety should be the first priority of all living liver donor programs. We propose that the surgical procedure removing the smallest amount of the liver required to provide adequate recipient graft function should become the standard of care for living liver donation. Liver Transpl, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
Regional alterations of brain microstructure in Parkinson's disease using diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Zhan Wang , Kang Gail A. , Glass Graham A. , Zhang Yu , Shirley Cheryl , Millin Rachel , Possin Katherine L. , Nezamzadeh Marzieh , Weiner Michael W. , Marks William J. , Schuff Norbert 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that diffusion tensor imaging can detect alteration in microscopic integrity of white matter and basal ganglia regions known to be involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology. It was also hypothesized that there is an association between diffusion abnormality and PD severity and subtype. Diffusion tensor imaging at 4 Tesla was obtained in 12 PD and 20 control subjects, and measures of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity were evaluated using both region‐of‐interest and voxel‐based methods. Movement deficits and subtypes in PD subjects were assessed using the Motor Subscale (Part III) of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Reduced fractional anisotropy (P < .05, corrected) was found in PD subjects in regions related to the precentral gyrus, substantia nigra, putamen, posterior striatum, frontal lobe, and the supplementary motor areas. Reduced fractional anisotropy in the substantia nigra correlated (P < .05, corrected) with the increased rating scale motor scores. Significant spatial correlations between fractional anisotropy alterations in the putamen and other PD‐affected regions were also found in the context of PD subtypes index analysis. Our data suggest that microstructural alterations detected with diffusion tensor might serve as a potential biomarker for PD. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Acrolein – a pulmonary hazard
Authors: Bein Kiflai , Leikauf George D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAcrolein is a respiratory irritant that can be generated during cooking and is in environmental tobacco smoke. More plentiful in cigarette smoke than polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), acrolein can adduct tumor suppressor p53 (TP53) DNA and may contribute to TP53‐mutations in lung cancer. Acrolein is also generated endogenously at sites of injury, and excessive breath levels (sufficient to activate metalloproteinases and increase mucin transcripts) have been detected in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Because of its reactivity with respiratory‐lining fluid or cellular macromolecules, acrolein alters gene regulation, inflammation, mucociliary transport, and alveolar–capillary barrier integrity. In laboratory animals, acute exposures have lead to acute lung injury and pulmonary edema similar to that produced by smoke inhalation whereas lower concentrations have produced bronchial hyperreactivity, excessive mucus production, and alveolar enlargement. Susceptibility to acrolein exposure is associated with differential regulation of cell surface receptor, transcription factor, and ubiquitin‐proteasome genes. Consequent to its pathophysiological impact, acrolein contributes to the morbidly and mortality associated with acute lung injury and COPD, and possibly asthma and lung cancer.
Hereditary cancer risk assessment in a pediatric oncology follow‐up clinic
Authors: Knapke Sara , Nagarajan Rajaram , Correll Judy , Kent Debra , Burns Karen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundPediatric cancer survivors are at risk for multiple late effects including second malignancies, some a direct consequence of genetic susceptibility. Appropriate surveillance and management for the survivor and at‐risk family members can often be established if the genetic predisposition is recognized and/or diagnosed. Numerous published guidelines outline which adult cancer patients and survivors should be referred for hereditary cancer risk assessment. In the pediatric oncology setting, minimal guidance exists for healthcare providers to determine which patients and families to refer for genetic evaluation.ProcedureThe aim of this project was to determine what percentage of childhood cancer survivors are appropriate for further evaluation in a hereditary cancer program or genetics clinic and characterize indications for referral. Participants included pediatric cancer survivors seen for follow‐up in a large cancer survivor center. Medical and family histories were obtained and reviewed by a certified genetic counselor at the survivor's annual visit. Eligibility for genetics referral was determined based on personal/family medical history and published literature.ResultsOf 370 survivors of childhood cancer, 109 (29%) were considered eligible for genetics follow‐up or referral. Family history of cancer is the most prevalent reason identified for eligibility for further genetics evaluation (61%) followed by tumor type (18%), medical history (16%), and family history of another condition (6%).ConclusionsThis project provides evidence that inclusion of genetic evaluation is feasible and relevant in the care of childhood cancer survivors. Further study is warranted to determine optimal timing and clinical utility of this multidisciplinary and family‐centered approach. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 85–89. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment of nephroblastoma in Africa: Results of the first French African pediatric oncology group (GFAOP) study
Authors: Moreira Claude , Nachef Mohamed Nasser , Ziamati Soumaya , Ladjaj Yasmina , Barsaoui Sihem , Mallon Brenda , Tournade Marie‐France 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe multidisciplinary management of nephroblastoma has been defined through multicentric prospective studies and an average 90% of patients cured expected. In Africa, such studies are uncommon and results are fragmentary or unknown in most of the countries. We report the results of the GFAOPNEPHRO 01 study using SIOP 2001 protocol approach.ProcedureFrom April 1, 2001 to March 31, 2004, 8 African Pilot Units were selected to participate in a nonrandomized prospective study. All patients referred with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of nephroblastoma were registered, those aged over 6 months and less than 18 years with a unilateral tumor not previously treated were included in this study and received preoperative chemotherapy. Patients with unfavorable histology or with a tumor other than Wilms tumor, and those with stage IV tumor and persistent disease after surgery were secondarily excluded.ResultsOf the 229 patients initially registered, 166 were included and finally 133 retained in the study, after surgery. Tumor rupture occurred in 7.5% of the patients. Thirty‐five percent were stage I, 22% stage II, 23% stage III, and 18% stage IV. Two‐year disease‐free survival and 5‐year survival are, respectively: 77.9% and 76.7% for localized tumors, 72.7% and 71.6% for all study patients.ConclusionsIt is possible to conduct African multicentric therapeutic studies within the framework of GFAOP. Results in terms of event‐free survival and survival are satisfactory. Improvements with respect to procedure, data collection, and outcome are expected in a new study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 37–42. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
European Medicines Agency review of post‐authorisation studies with implications for the European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance
Authors: Blake Kevin V. , Prilla Stefanie , Accadebled Sophie , Guimier Marie , Biscaro Monica , Persson Ingemar , Arlett Peter , Blackburn Stella , Fitt Henry 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeA review of post‐authorisation studies requested in 2007 by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) was undertaken to determine compliance and the need for research capacity in the European Union (EU), with implications for the European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance (ENCePP).MethodsInformation from the EMA's electronic records management systems was analysed.ResultsAs of 31 January 2010, of the 60 relevant studies identified, 52 had been progressed to being able to start data collection (including six merged into a single study). Of the remaining eight studies, the agreement of the CHMP that a proposed study was no longer required is documented for six, with a final decision having not been reached for another study and an acknowledgement by the CHMP that a further study would not be progressed. Of the 47 studies that could therefore have commenced data collection or extraction, 38 were ongoing, four were complete and five had not yet started. Most studies were conducted within the EU.ConclusionCompliance with the request of the CHMP to conduct studies is very good. The review identified the need for careful consideration of the necessity of studies and of timely dialogue on protocols in advance of a CHMP opinion. The need for expertise and capacity within the EU for the conduct of post‐authorisation studies is confirmed. ENCePP as a transparency and excellence network and as an initiative to build research capacity will enhance post‐authorisation medicines research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ‐generated Ru(III)‐mediated ATRP from the polymeric Ru(III) complex in the absence of activator generation agents
Authors: He Dan , Noh Seok Kyun , Lyoo Won Seok 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPast research has examined the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with high oxidation state metal complexes and without the need for any additives such as reducing agent or free radical initiator. To extend this research, half‐metallocene ruthenium(III) (Ru(III)) catalysts were used for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) for the first time. These catalysts were generated in situ simply by mixing phosphorus‐containing ligand and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) Ru(III) polymer ((Cp*RuCl2)n). The complexes in their higher oxidation state such as Cp*RuCl2(PPh3) were air‐stable, highly active, and removable catalysts for the ATRPs of MMA with both precision control of molecular weight and narrow polydispersity index. The addition of ppm amount of metal catalyst contributed to the formation of very well‐defined homopolymers and copolymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Living cationic polymerization of a coumarin‐substituted vinyl ether and reversible photoinduced crosslinking of the resulting homopolymers and amphiphilic block copolymers
Authors: Motoyanagi Jin , Nishimura Izumi , Minoda Masahiko 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLiving cationic polymerization of 4‐methyl‐7‐(2‐vinyloxyethoxy)coumarin (CMVE) was achieved using SnCl4 in the presence of nBu4NBr as an added salt at 0 °C. The number‐average molecular weight of the resulting polymers increased in direct proportion to the monomer conversion while retaining relatively low polydispersity. Structural analysis revealed that the resulting polymers carried pendant coumarinyl moieties. These coumarinyl moieties were crosslinked by irradiation with UV light at λmax = 366 nm, and the crosslinked sites were then cleaved by irradiation with UV light at λmax = 254 nm. The crosslinking behaviors of the polymers were studied by UV and FTIR spectroscopic measurement. PolyCMVE was soluble in dichloromethane but was found to be insoluble upon UV light irradiation. We also synthesized amphiphilic block polymers bearing coumarinyl moieties by living cationic copolymerization with an amphiphilic vinyl ether. The resulting block polymers were soluble in an aqueous medium and also formed micelle‐like aggregates. Upon UV irradiation of aqueous solutions above the critical micelle concentration, an efficient crosslinking reaction occurred. Photoinduced structural changes of these polymer aggregates in the solution state were further investigated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Aspects of fatigue failure mechanisms in polymer fuel cell membranes
Authors: Kusoglu Ahmet , Santare Michael H. , Karlsson Anette M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe swelling‐driven fatigue behavior of polymer fuel cell membranes during relative humidity (RH) cycling is investigated. In particular, swelling‐induced membrane stresses are obtained from a numerical model simulating fuel cell RH cycle tests, and compared to the lifetimes obtained experimentally from tests conducted in the absence of electrochemical effects. A strong correlation between the lifetimes of the membranes in the actual tests and model results is obtained. In general, higher RH (or swelling) amplitude results in larger stress amplitudes and shorter lifetime, that is, fewer cycles to failure. Tensile stresses are needed for forming local cavities in the membrane, which may eventually lead to craze formation. Cavitation is less likely to occur in compressed membrane at high humidities. The stress–lifetime plots for polymer fuel cell membranes exhibit similar features to those observed for other polymers. The crazing criterion for polymers suggests that craze initiation during RH cycling is more likely to occur in the low compression regions, such as under the channels, which is in agreement with experimental observations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1506–1517, 2011
Theory of the surface effects on the luminescence of the NV− defect in nanodiamond
Authors: Pinto H. , Jones R. , Palmer D. W. , Goss J. P. , Briddon P. R. , Öberg S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA vacancy with one of the carbon neighbours replaced by a nitrogen atom in diamond (the NV centre) is a defect of particular interest due to its many potential applications. In the negatively charged state, the defect is paramagnetic with spin 1 and under optical excitation it exhibits an intense luminescence with a zero‐phonon line at 1.945 eV. This fluorescence is found in nanodiamonds even as small as 5 nm and an important question is the effect of the surface of the nanodiamond on the optical emission of NV−.Density functional calculations are used in this work to investigate the effect of the bare (001) and (001)‐OH diamond surfaces on the electronic structure of NV−. We show that the (001)‐OH diamond surface has the minimum interaction with the defect and is the ideal terminating surface of nanodiamonds, while the bare (001) diamond surface has a strong effect on broadening the emission.
Ab initio study on the electronic transport properties of carbon nanotube intramolecular junctions
Authors: Wang R. N. , Zheng X. H. , Song L. L. , Zeng Z. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe effects of electron doping and molecule adsorption on the electronic transport properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) junctions CNT(3,3)/n‐CNT(6,0)/CNT(3,3) (n = 1–5) are simulated by first‐principles calculations combined with a non‐equilibrium Green's function technique. The doping effects are investigated by N substitution for the carbon atom while the molecule adsorption effects are studied by adsorbing a H2O molecule or an OH group on the top of one carbon atom, respectively. The transmission function around the Fermi level is highly dependent on the doping or adsorption site. The effects are negligible when the site is at the interface, while it always forms a scattering barrier which causes a valley of the transmission spectra around the Fermi level when the doping/adsorption site is inside the sandwiched CNT(6,0). The conductance of CNT intramolecular junctions is very sensitive to the environment, which may provide potential of application in future nanoelectronic devices and gas sensors.
Cooperative influence of water binding to peptides by NH···OH2and CO···HOH hydrogen bonds: Study byAb Initiocalculations
Authors: Sun Chang‐Liang , Wang Chang‐Sheng 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this article, the geometry structures of hydrogen bond chains of formamide andN‐methylacetamide and their hydrogen‐bonded complexes with water were optimized at the MP2/6‐31G* level. Then, we performed Møller–Plesset perturbation method with 6‐311++g**, aug‐cc‐pvtz basis sets to study the cooperative influence to the total hydrogen bond energy by the NH···OH2and CO···HOH hydrogen bonds. On the basis of our results, we found that the cooperativity of the hydrogen‐bonded complexes become weaker as NH···OH2and CO···HOH hydrogen bonds replacing NH···OC hydrogen bonds in protein and peptide. It means that the NH and CO bonds in peptide prefer to form NH···OC hydrogen bond rather than to form CO···HOH and NH···OH2. It is significant for understanding the structures and properties of the helical or sheet structures of protein and peptide in biological systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Social and public health effects of climate change in the ‘40 South’
Authors: Team Victoria , Manderson Lenore 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis work provides an overview of the literature on the current and projected social and health effects of climate change in countries affected by sub‐Antarctic atmospheric circulation, including Argentina, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, and South Africa. These countries, which for convenience we gloss as ‘40 South’, are already experiencing considerable impact. Climate change particularly impacts on water and food security, extreme weather events and migration. Projections indicate that the continuing impact of climate change may precipitate political and socioeconomic crises, including increased local, regional, and international migration. We highlight the similarity of the countries in terms of geography, current, and projected climate change impacts, adopted mitigation and adaptation strategies, and vulnerable population groups. While the health and social consequences of climate change draw attention to the differences in the social, political, and economic differences between the countries, we argue the strategic and scientific value of comparisons between them.WIREs Clim Change2011, 2:902–918. doi: 10.1002/wcc.138This article is categorized under:Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and AdaptationTrans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Regional Reviews
Development of molecular imaging and nanomedicine in China
Authors: Shen Baozhong , Kezheng Wang , Xilin Sun , Lina Wu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe rapid progress of molecular imaging (MI) and the application of nanotechnology in medicine have the potential to advance the foundations of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Although MI and biomedical nanotechnology are still in a formative phase in China, much has been achieved over the last decade. This article provides a commentary on the development and current status of nanomedicine in China, with a selective focus on Chinese nanoparticle synthesis technology, the development of imaging equipment, and the preclinical application of novel MI probes. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 533–544 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.156This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Helix pomatia Agglutinin Binding Glycoproteins in Thyroid Tumors
Authors: Parameswaran Rajeev , Sadler Gregory , Brooks Susan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundBinding of the lectin Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in many human cancers, but not in thyroid cancer. The aims of the present study were to assess alteration in cellular glycosylation, detected by HPA binding, in thyroid tumors; to determine if such altered glycosylation carries any prognostic significance; and to analyze qualitative and quantitative differences of HPA‐binding glycoproteins in various thyroid tumors.MethodsLectin histochemistry was performed on 110 archival paraffin wax embedded specimens of various thyroid tumors excised between the years 1983–1993. Demographic data, histological data, and time to death were recorded, and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine a prognostic model for patient survival based on the data. Helix pomatia agglutinin binding glycoproteins were isolated from 128 fresh specimens of various thyroid tissues by affinity chromatography, analyzed by SDS‐PAGE and western blotting.ResultsThere was a marked qualitative difference in the profile of HPA‐binding glycoproteins, with the malignant thyroid tumors showing a heterogeneous profile of numerous HPA binding glycoprotein bands. Lectin histochemistry showed significant positive HPA binding in malignant thyroid tumors (p = 0.0009). Kaplan–Meir survival analysis revealed that among patients who died of their disease those with HPA‐positive tumors had a significantly shorter survival (p = 0.009).ConclusionsThis is the first study showing that HPA binding glycoproteins are synthesized by thyroid tumors. Thyroid cancers show a broader profile of HPA binding glycoproteins compared to benign thyroid tumors, and positive HPA binding is significantly associated with shorter survival and poorer prognosis in thyroid cancers.