bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Tocochromanol Content in Seeds of Brassica napus L. During Adverse Conditions of Storage
Authors: Gawrysiak‐Witulska Marzena , Siger Aleksander , Wawrzyniak Jolanta , Nogala‐Kalucka Malgorzata 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTocopherols and plastochromanol‐8 were evaluated in seeds of Brassica napus L. during adverse conditions of storage at different temperatures (25 and 30 °C) and moisture levels (10, 12.5 and 15.5%). Both temperature and moisture content of seeds had a significant effect on the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols in rapeseed oil and on the contents of tocopherols and PC‐8. The biggest losses of tocopherols (a drop by 14.4% after 18 days) were recorded for seeds with a moisture content of 15.5% and stored at a temperature of 30 °C. Losses of the α‐T homologue were bigger than those of γ‐T. The loss of PC‐8 ranged from 4 to 24% depending on storage conditions and it was almost two times bigger than the loss of tocopherols.
A multi‐dimensional measure of vocational identity status
Authors: Porfeli Erik J. , Lee Bora , Vondracek Fred W. , Weigold Ingrid K. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTEstablishing a worker identity is among the most central aspects of the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Despite its importance, few measures with acceptable psychometric and conceptual characteristics exist to assess vocational identity statuses. This study reports the development and evaluation of the Vocational Identity Status Assessment (VISA), which is derived from established conceptual models and includes career exploration, commitment, and reconsideration dimensions. Results show that the VISA exhibited metric invariance across a high school and university sample. Cluster analyses demonstrated that the VISA consistently resolved six identity statuses across the two samples, supporting the previously established achieved, moratorium, foreclosed, and diffused statuses along with two additional statuses termed searching moratorium and undifferentiated. The identity statuses predicted differences in participants’ work valences and well‐being with the achieved and diffused statuses respectively exhibiting the most and least favorable characteristics. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research based upon these findings are offered.
A closer look at co‐rumination: Gender, coping, peer functioning and internalizing/externalizing problems
Authors: Tompkins Tanya L. , Hockett Ashlee R. , Abraibesh Nadia , Witt Jody L. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTCo‐rumination, defined as repetitive, problem‐focused talk explains higher levels of friendship quality in youth (Rose, 2002) and increased levels of anxiety/depression in females. Middle adolescents (N = 146) participated in a study of co‐rumination, individual coping, externalizing/internalizing problems, and peer functioning. Consistent with past research, girls reported higher levels of co‐rumination and internalizing symptoms. Co‐rumination was also positively correlated with self‐reports, but not teacher reports, of anxiety/depression and aggressive behavior. Both self‐reported number of friends and teacher‐rated social acceptance were negatively associated with co‐rumination. Co‐rumination partially accounted for the significant indirect effect of gender on internalizing symptoms. Additionally, co‐rumination was associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms but not individual coping efforts. Finally, co‐rumination accounted for a unique amount of variance in internalizing symptoms, controlling for externalizing problems and secondary control coping. Theoretical implications and the importance of including broad domains of adjustment and peer functioning in future investigations of co‐rumination are discussed.
MicroRNA changes in the mouse prefrontal cortex after inflammatory pain
Authors: Pohl Kay‐Wee , Yeol Jin‐Fei , Ongl Wei‐Yi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractActivation of the prefrontal cortex occurs during acute and chronic pain and models of experimental hyperalgesia. The present study was carried out to determine possible miRNA changes in the prefrontal cortex, after inflammatory pain induced by facial carrageenan injection in mice. miRNA microarray analyses showed significantly increased levels of miR‐155 and miR‐223 in the prefrontal cortex of carrageenan‐injected mice. The changes were verified by real‐time RT‐PCR, and shown to occur bilaterally. The potential targets of the two miRNAs were predicted, and changes in two of the miRNA targets, c/ebp Beta and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (GCSF) verified by real‐time RT‐PCR. Significantly downregulated c/ebp Beta but upregulated GCSF, accompanied by increased immunolabeling with an antibody to myeloperoxidase were found in the prefrontal cortex of facial carrageenan treated mice. It is postulated that this could lead to increased inflammation and activation of the prefrontal cortex. Further studies are necessary to determine if specific miRNAs could be useful as therapeutic molecules for pain.
German validation of the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) II: Reliability, validity, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity
Authors: Christiansen H. , Kis B. , Hirsch O. , Matthies S. , Hebebrand J. , Uekermann J. , Abdel-Hamid M. , Kraemer M. , Wiltfang J. , Graf E. , Colla M. , Sobanski E. , Alm B. , Rösler M. , Jacob C. , Jans T. , Huss M. , Schimmelmann B.G. , Philipsen A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe German version of the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) has proven to show very high model fit in confirmative factor analyses with the established factors inattention/memory problems, hyperactivity/restlessness, impulsivity/emotional lability, and problems with self-concept in both large healthy control and ADHD patient samples. This study now presents data on the psychometric properties of the German CAARS-self-report (CAARS-S) and observer-report (CAARS-O) questionnaires.MethodsCAARS-S/O and questions on sociodemographic variables were filled out by 466 patients with ADHD, 847 healthy control subjects that already participated in two prior studies, and a total of 896 observer data sets were available. Cronbach's-alpha was calculated to obtain internal reliability coefficients. Pearson correlations were performed to assess test-retest reliability, and concurrent, criterion, and discriminant validity. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC-analyses) were used to establish sensitivity and specificity for all subscales.ResultsCoefficient alphas ranged from .74 to .95, and test-retest reliability from .85 to .92 for the CAARS-S, and from .65 to .85 for the CAARS-O. All CAARS subscales, except problems with self-concept correlated significantly with the Barrett Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), but not with the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS). Criterion validity was established with ADHD subtype and diagnosis based on DSM-IV criteria. Sensitivity and specificity were high for all four subscales.ConclusionThe reported results confirm our previous study and show that the German CAARS-S/O do indeed represent a reliable and cross-culturally valid measure of current ADHD symptoms in adults.
Transcranial Doppler ultrasound blood flow velocity and pulsatility index as systemic indicators for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Roher Alex E. , Garami Zsolt , Tyas Suzanne L. , Maarouf Chera L. , Kokjohn Tyler A. , Belohlavek Marek , Vedders Linda J. , Connor Donald , Sabbagh Marwan N. , Beach Thomas G. , Emmerling Mark R. 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundMultiple lines of evidence suggest that cardiovascular co‐morbidities hasten the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or accelerate its course.MethodsTo evaluate the utility of cerebral vascular physical function and/or condition parameters as potential systemic indicators of AD, transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound was used to assess cerebral blood flow and vascular resistance of the 16 arterial segments comprising the circle of Willis and its major tributaries.ResultsOur study showed that decreased arterial mean flow velocity and increased pulsatility index are associated with a clinical diagnosis of presumptive AD. Cerebral blood flow impairment shown by these parameters reflects the global hemodynamic and structural consequences of a multifaceted disease process yielding diffuse congestive microvascular pathology, increased arterial rigidity, and decreased arterial compliance, combined with putative age‐associated cardiovascular output declines.ConclusionsTCD evaluation offers direct physical confirmation of brain perfusion impairment and might ultimately provide a convenient and a noninvasive means to assess the efficacy of medical interventions on cerebral blood flow or reveal incipient AD. In the near term, TCD‐based direct assessments of brain perfusion might offer the prospect of preventing or mitigating AD simply by revealing patients who would benefit from interventions to improve circulatory system function.
Food, sex and the hunger for distinction
Authors: Berger Jonah , Shiv Baba 
Published: March 2011

AbstractConsumer preferences are often influenced by the distinctiveness of the options involved, but do needs for distinctiveness display motivational reward properties? Four studies suggest that they do. Activating needs for distinctiveness impacts the desirability of other, seemingly unrelated rewards, and reciprocally, preferences for distinctiveness are impacted by the presence of seemingly unrelated reward stimuli. Further, these cross‐domain spillover effects were moderated by sensitivity to the general reward system and satiated by even seemingly unrelated intervening rewards. These findings shed light on the nature of distinctiveness and its implications for consumer behavior.
The pot‐holed path to happiness, possibly paved with money: A research dialogue
Authors: Priester Joseph R. , Petty Richard E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe path to happiness is not always clear. Research suggests that even money (when one has enough to take care of basic needs) does not enhance happiness. This Research Dialogue explores how individuals can take steps to use money in a way that does increase happiness. In addition, four commentaries provide suggestions above and beyond money as possible paths to happiness, as well as the reason why money may not lead to happiness.
Friendly Societies, Commercial Insurance, and the State in Sickness Risk Coverage: The Case of Spain (1880–1944)
Authors: Pons Pons Jerònia , Vilar Rodríguez Margarita 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe main aim of this paper is to analyse the singularity of the Spanish position with regard to coverage of the risk of sickness within the context of the different welfare models described in international literature. This analysis enables us to verify that in Spain, as in other countries, there were initially different forms of sickness coverage which coexisted, created by the market, by workers themselves and, gradually, by the state. Within this so-called mixed economy of welfare, the most extensive health coverage for the Spanish population was a result of the self-organization of workers, and this continued until the Civil War (1936–1939), not so much due to its efficacy and viability, as to the slow development of private insurance companies and the inability of the state to implement compulsory sickness insurance. The installation of the Franco dictatorship meant that the introduction of compulsory sickness insurance was further delayed, and when it was eventually passed, it offered only limited coverage, was enacted more for political than for social ends, and was to result in the virtual disappearance of friendly societies.
The Problem of Changing Language Communities: Veterans and Memory Writing in China, Taiwan, and Japan
Authors: MOORE AARON WILLIAM 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper examines the role that veterans played in the construction of historical memory narratives in mainland China, Taiwan, and Japan. I argue that veterans, who had long established a ‘language community’ with a particular way to speak about the war, found it difficult to communicate with post-war audiences that did not share that experience. The paper analyses six categories of ‘memory writing’ that veterans used to engage with memory debates: post-war diaries, ‘testimonial literature’, articles and literary works, surveys and oral histories, memoirs, and paratext. This study thus proposes that veterans do not avoid discussion of war, but can only be ‘heard’ by members of their language community, or by a post-war society that is prepared to ‘listen’ to their message with little mediation. This is a direct consequence of their experience of the war, and how they crafted their language community at that time.
Classifying Citizens in Nationalist China during World War II, 1937–1941
Authors: MITTER RANA 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper argues that the first phase of the Sino-Japanese War of 1937–1945 saw a significant change in the relationship between state and society in China, leading to a greater use of techniques of classification of the citizenry for purposes of welfare provision and mobilization through propaganda, methods until recently more associated with the Communists than with their Nationalist rivals. The paper draws on materials from Sichuan, the key province for wartime resistance, showing that the use of identity cards and welfare provision regulations were part of a process of integrating refugees from occupied China into the wider wartime society, and that propaganda campaigns were deployed to persuade the local indigenous population to support wartime state initiatives. Although Nationalist efforts to mobilize the population in wartime were flawed and partial, they marked a significant change in the conception of Chinese citizenship.
Evolution and phylogeny of behavioural manipulation of insect hosts by parasites
Authors: Poulin R. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe literature contains many examples of changes induced by parasites in the behaviour and/or other phenotypic traits of insects. From an evolutionary perspective, the nature of these changes is usually difficult to assess. Parasite-induced changes in host behaviour can be adaptations of either host or parasite, or they can be mere pathological consequences of infection. Of the many criteria and experimental tests necessary to distinguish between adaptations and non-selected consequences, two are particularly important: the demonstration of fitness benefits for either host or parasite associated with the behavioural change, and the elucidation of the proximate mechanism responsible for the behavioural change. Another approach can serve to identify adaptive changes in behaviour: mapping specific behavioural alterations on a phylogeny of either hosts or parasites. The usefulness of this approach is illustrated with two examples, acanthocephalan- cockroach associations and insect-fungus associations. The adaptive nature of parasite-induced behavioural changes will always be difficult to evaluate because they are the product of two distinct but interacting genotypes. However, experimental and phylogenetic approaches can provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of insect-parasite interactions.
Parasite manipulation of insect reproduction: who benefits ?
Authors: Hurd H. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryHost fertility is often curtailed as a result of parasitic infection. The hypothesis that this may confer an adaptive advantage upon the symbionts if nutrients are directed from reproduction and made available for host/parasite maintenance is explored. The suggestion is made that an understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of fecundity reduction may shed light upon the evolutionary implications of this strategy for both parasite and host. To illustrate this the down-regulation of egg production is explored with reference to a particular model system, the association between metacestodes of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta and the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor. Several aspects of host reproductive behaviour and physiology are affected by infection in this association, including vitellogenesis. Metacestodes directly inhibit the fat body synthesis of vitellogenin in a stage-specific, density-dependent manner. This inhibition is likely to be orchestrated by a modulator molecule, produced by the parasite. In the ovarian follicles, juvenile hormone III binding to a specific follicular membrane-binding protein is inhibited in infected beetles, resulting in the down-regulation of a cascade of events which enables vitellogenin to pass into the developing oocyte. Data to support the proposed existence of a parasite-induced antigonadotrophin, of host origin, are discussed. Evidence that similar mechanisms operate in Plasmodium-iniected anopheline mosquitoes and Onchocerca-infected blackflies is presented in support of the possibility that a parasite-induced reduction in host reproductive fitness is an adaptive strategy and an assessment of who is manipulating whom is made.
The coevolution of host resistance and parasitoid virulence
Authors: Kraaijeveld A. R. , Van Alphen J. J. M. , Godfray H. C. J. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryHost-parasitoid interactions are abundant in nature and offer great scope for the study of coevolution. A particularly fertile area is the interaction between internal feeding parasitoids and their hosts. Hosts have evolved a variety of means of combating parasitoids, in particular cellular encapsulation, while parasitoids have evolved a wide range of countermeasures. Studies of the evolution of host resistance and parasitoid virulence are reviewed, with an emphasis on work involvingDrosophilaand its parasitoids. Genetic variation in both traits has been demonstrated using isofemale line and artificial selection techniques. Recent studies have investigated the fitness costs of maintaining the ability to resist parasitoids, the comparative fitness of flies that have successfully defended themselves against parasitoids, and the degree to which resistance and virulence act against one or more species of host or parasitoid. A number of studies have examined geographical patterns, and sought to look for local adaptation; or have compared the traits across a range of species. Finally, the physiological and genetic basis of change in resistance and virulence is being investigated. While concentrating onDrosophila, the limited amount of work on different systems is reviewed, and other possible areas of coevolution in host-parasitoid interactions are briefly discussed.
The Neglected saliva: medically important toxins in the saliva of human lice
Authors: Jones D. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryAlthough there has been a great deal of research effort within the last two decades on identifying the active components of the saliva of blood-sucking ticks, mosquitoes, biting flies, fleas and bugs, essentially neglected have been the human lice. Despite initial reports in the early part of this century suggestive of vasodilatory, anticoagulant and immunosuppressive properties of the saliva, for the next 50 years there were no biochemical studies on the active principles. Very recently, anatomical and biochemical studies have begun to characterize the bioactive molecules in lice saliva. The louse stocks a salivary vasodilator in excess over what is needed for a single bite, and injects similar amounts at each successive bite. The vasodilator in lice saliva appears to have different pharmacological properties than peroxidative, oxidative and maxidilan types of vasodilators reported from other blood-sucking insects. Possible anticoagulant activities have also been characterized. This belated, but welcome, interest comes at a time of resurgence of lice-born disease in certain parts of Africa, and of resistance to chemical control in Europe and North America.
Plasmodiumookinete development in the mosquito midgut: a case of reciprocal manipulation
Authors: Shahabuddin M. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe ookinete is one of the most important stages ofPlasmodiumdevelopment in the mosquito. It is morphologically and biochemically distinct from the earlier sexual stages - gametocytes and zygote, and from the later stages - oocyst and sporozoites. Development to ookinete allows the parasite to escape from the tightly packed blood bolus, to cross the sturdy peritrophic matrix (PM), to be protected from the digestive environment of the midgut lumen, and to invade the gut epithelium. The success of each of these activities may depend on the degree of the biochemical and physical barriers in the mosquito (such as density of blood bolus, thickness of peritrophic matrix, proteolytic activities in the gut lumen etc.) and the ability of the ookinete to overcome these barriers. Ookinete motility, secretion of chitinase, resistance to the digestive enzymes, and recognition/invasion of the midgut epithelium all may play crucial roles in the transformation to oocyst. The overall sporogonic development ofPlasmodium, therefore, depends on the results of the two-way manipulations between the parasite and the vector mosquito. Study of ookinete development and of the cellular and biochemical complexities of the mosquito gut may therefore lead to the design of novel strategies to block the transmission of malaria. This article reviews the intricate interactions between the parasite and the mosquito midgut in the context of development and transmission ofPlasmodiumparasites.
Physiological analyses of host-finding behaviour in trematode cercariae: adaptations for transmission success
Authors: Haas W. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYPhysiological analyses of the behaviour of several cercarial species which actively find and invade their hosts have revealed very complex sequences of behaviour patterns and responses to very different stimuli from the environment and the host. A result of these physiological studies is that the behaviour patterns of each of the species investigated are surprisingly individual. The behavioural patterns of host-finding of those species analysed in some detail reveal profound adaptations to maximize transmission success. This can be demonstrated for movement patterns during swimming, for responses to environmental conditions such as gravity, light and temperature, for responses to stimuli emanating from the host such as shadows, water turbulence and chemical compounds and especially for the responses after contact with the host. The behaviour patterns can be interpreted as adaptations to: (1) dispersal by leaving the habitat of the snail intermediate host and distribution within the area; (2) long survival by energy saving swimming behaviour, by avoiding responses to inappropriate stimuli, by selecting favourable microhabitats and probably by avoiding predation; (3) finding and invading particular host types by selecting microhabitats frequented by the hosts and responding to sequences of specific stimuli emanating from the hosts.