bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of preexisting anti-thyroid antibodies and body mass index with prognosis of lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors
Authors: Lu Chaoyin , Zhang Dongqing , Chen Lingqiao , Luo Yan , Feng Ping , Gu Xuemei , Wu Wenjun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a new beneficial medication in the treatment of cancer. Whether preexisting TPOAb was related to longer overall survival (OS) is controversial. This retrospective study analyzed the OS and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with lung cancer, and explored predictive factors associated with the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors treatment.

Methods
Patients with lung cancer who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 1, 2020 and December 30, 2020 were enrolled. Thyroid function, TPOAb, TGAb, and prognostic nutritional index levels and body mass index were analyzed. Supervising physicians independently assessed patient staging, OS, and PFS. Demographic data, pathological type, and previous treatment history were also collected.

Results
In total, this study enrolled 69 patients, with ages of 46–80 years old. Patients with lower weight showed reduced OS and PFS rates relative to those with normal weight and overweight (p<0.05). The single patient with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) exhibited a 1-, 1.5- and 2-year OS rate lower than that of the patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, small cell lung cancer, or adenocarcinoma (p<0.05). This LCNEC patient also had lower 1-, 1.5-, and 2-year PFS rates compared to adenocarcinoma patients (p<0.05). TPOAb and TGAb levels were unrelated to OS or PFS. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed a positive association between body mass index, OS, and PFS.

Conclusions
Patients with lower body weight were predictive of poorer survival outcomes when receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors treatment as compared to patients with normal weight and overweight. However, positive baseline TGAb and TPOAb levels were not associated with increased OS or PFS in patients with lung cancer.
Performatividad de género durante el tránsito migratorio en De Nadie (2005) de Tin Dirdamal
Authors: Rodríguez Sonia A. 
Published: April 2024

During a time of global massive exodus, I explore the documentary De Nadie (2005) by Tin Dirdamal. Through a variety of narrative instances, this film presents the still very present migrant conditions and the experience of Central American individuals traversing Mexico in their journey to the United States. Considering the exclusion in the past of feminine migrant characters, contemporary cinema and literary narrative present cultural and social meanings that bring to life the presence of women as protagonists in their vertiginous border crossing, under mobility regimes. These narratives provide evidence of women’s identity transcendence beginning with their displacement. In specific, I examine De Nadie (2005) under the lense of gender performativity of the Honduran María, before and during her migratory mobilization.
Coding Review: Amount and/or Complexity of Data
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2024

This article reviews the amount and/or complexity of data to be reviewed and analyzed as an element of medical decisionmaking (MDM) performed during an evaluation and management (E/M) service. This includes the following:
Review of results of tests ordered at a prior visit Order for and independent interpretation of tests Documents from a unique entity Discussions about management or test interpretation
Biomass and bioethanol production of the shrub Ulex europaeus (Fabaceae) estimated with remote sensor imagery in the Andean paramos
Authors: Osorio-Castiblanco Diego F. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Gorse (Ulex europaeus, family Fabaceae) is an evergreen shrub native to Europe and invasive in the Andean high-mountain tropical paramos. Objective: To quantify the extent of a biological invasion within a paramo near Los Nevados National Natural Park in Tolima, Colombia, and evaluate bioeconomic solutions to encourage shrub eradication while promoting the local economy and industry. Methods: An object-based supervised classification approach was conducted using UAS (Uncrewed Aircraft Systems)-based RGB imagery and a Planet-derived NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) layer, both from 2022, to quantify the area invaded. This value, the height obtained from a UAS-derived nDSM (Normalized Digital Surface Model), and a pair of allometric equations found in the literature were employed to estimate the gorse aboveground biomass (AGB) and aboveground available fuel, also known as fuel load. Then, documented bioethanol production estimations were applied to calculate its potential extraction based on the AGB values. Results: The invaded area was quantified to be 66 465 m2, with an overall accuracy rate of 85.3 %. Furthermore, the fuel load was found to be approximately half of the AGB, which poses a high risk of fire in the ecosystem. The findings also suggest that up to USD 88 933.7 could be generated if all gorse in the study area is exploited to produce bioethanol. Conclusions: This study underscores the urgency of managing the biological invasion of gorse in the Andean paramo and suggests the potential for bioeconomic solutions to mitigate the impact of these invasions.
Digestive proteases of Morelet’s crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) in three life stages
Authors: Castillo-Rodríguez Manuel Alejandro , Rangel-Mendoza Judith Andrea , Peña-Marín Emyr Saúl , Álvarez-González Carlos Alfonso , López-Luna Marco Antonio , Maytorena-Verdugo Claudia Ivette 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Morelet’s crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) is a species distributed in the Mexican southeast and threatened due to multiple pressures. Objective: To characterize the digestive proteases in the acid phase (stomach) and alkaline phase (intestine) of three life stages of C. moreletii in captivity (hatchling, juvenile, and adult). Methods: Total alkaline and acid protease activities were quantified using casein and haemoglobin as substrates. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, and elastase activities were quantified using synthetic substrates. Protease profiles were analysed by SDS-PAGE and Native-PAGE. Results: The specific activity of acid and alkaline proteases showed differences between the three stages, finding the highest activity in the juveniles. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, and elastase activities were higher in hatchlings. There were differences in optimum pH and temperature of acid and alkaline proteases, trypsin, and leucine aminopeptidase between the three stages, demonstrating the diversification of the enzymes according to different stages, as well as the presence of specific isoforms in each stage of C. moreletii. The acid phase zymogram showed four bands with pepsin-like acid activity in the hatchling and juvenile crocodile, while in the adult only two of the four bands were detected. The alkaline zymogram showed that the hatchling had the highest number of activity bands compared to the other stages, corresponding to the high specific activity reported in the alkaline phase. Conclusions: Digestive proteases of Morelet’s crocodile differ in their biochemical characteristics and the number of proteases between hatchling, juvenile, and adult. This could help in the future design of balanced diets as well to the sustainable management and production of this species.
Análisis fitoquímico de compuestos de interés terapéutico del muérdago Psittacanthus Calyculatus ubicado en el cerro del Palenque de Purísima del Rincón, Guanajuato
Authors: Flores Sierra José de Jesús , Sánchez Guevara Daniela , Xoca Orozco Luis Ángel , Hernández Mendoza Gustavo , Reyes Bautista Raúl 
Published: April 2024

Psittacanthus calyculatus es una plaga significativa en México distribuida en el centro y sur causando pérdidas económicas. Para encontrarle un valor agregado se realizó un perfil fitoquímico para identificar compuestos con actividad terapéutica. Se realizaron dos métodos de extracción: metanol/acetona/agua y acuoso. La identificación fitoquímica fue mediante el uso de reactivos que causaban cambio en la coloración, evidenciándose fenoles, flavonoides, alcaloides, entre otros. Los fenoles se cuantificaron por Folin-Ciocalteu, encontrándose mayor concentración (p< 0.03) en extracción acuoso de flor (EAF) (32.84 ± 1.2 mg EAG/ml) que en extracción metanol/acetona/agua de flor (EMAAF), hoja extracción metanol/acetona/agua (EMAAH) y extracción acuosa de hoja (EAH) (13.71 ± 1, 20.1± 0.3, 12.39 ± 0.4 mg EAG/ml, respectivamente). Los flavonoides se cuantificaron por colorimetría, encontrándose más concentración en EAF (49.8 ± 2 mg EC/ ml) (p≤0.02) con respecto a EMAAF, EMAAH y EAH (9.5 ±1, 20.4 ± 0.5 y 10.3 ± 5 mg EC/ ml, respectivamente). La actividad antioxidante fue medida por DPPH, todos los extractos mostraron actividad antioxidante, de acuerdo con el valor IC50 para EMAAF y EMAAH fueron 0.058 y 0.0035 mg/ml (p<0.03) respectivamente, para EAF y EAH fueron 0.15 y 0.08 mg/ml (p<0.03) respectivamente. Estos resultados sugieren que Psittacanthus calyculatus posee una importante actividad antioxidante, esto puede deberse al contenido de fitoquímicos, lo cual se sugiere que esta planta puede ser una importante fuente de nutrientes naturales, con actividad quimioterapéutica.
Stability of boulders on cobble streambeds
Authors: K Stols  , CS James  
Published: April 2024

The placement of boulders in streams enhances aquatic habitat by increasing the heterogeneity of flow conditions. Practical design must ensure the stability of individual boulders, requiring calculation of their incipient movement conditions. The stability of a boulder on a cobble bed is shown experimentally to depend on its size, the bed material size, the degree of embedment of the boulder, the slope of the bed and the flow velocity and depth. An equation is derived through a pivoting analysis for predicting the relationship between the critical ambient depth-averaged velocity and the critical flow depth; this, together with a resistance equation, can be used to predict the flow conditions for boulder stability. The equation is used to develop a simpler form for unsubmerged spherical boulders and cobbles. The stability equation is tested against the experimental data, using an experimentally determined drag coefficient relationship.
Comparative study on outcome of intralesional steroid and combination of intralesional steroid with 5-fluorouracil in keloid treatment
Authors: Augustine Thara , Murali Biju 
Published: April 2024

Background: Though the definitive management of keloids are not yet established, many treatment modalities have been described which are being used alone or in combination all over the world with some promise. This study aims to assess the effect of intralesional steroids and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the treatment of keloids.
Methods: The study included 40 patients with keloids, out of which 20 received 6 doses of intralesional steroid and the other 20 received alternating three doses of intralesional steroid and three doses of 5-FU. The size of the keloid and the POSAS (Patient observer scar assessment scale) score were marked on the proforma and the patient was reassessed after 6 months. The decrease in volume and POSAS score was statistically analysed using paired and unpaired t tests.
Results: There is a statistically significant decrease in POSAS score after intervention in both the steroid and steroid+5 FU groups. However, the decrease in POSAS score is significantly more in the group that received steroids alone. The group that received steroids had a greater decrease in volume (50% reduction) compared to the group that received the steroid-5FU combination (27% reduction).
Conclusions: There is a statistically significant decrease in POSAS score after intervention in both the steroid and steroid+5 FU groups. However, the decrease in POSAS score is significantly more in the group that received steroids than the group that received steroid-5 FU combination.
Initiating the EFL University Students' Critical Thinking in Oral Mode through Pragma-Stylistic Strategies
Authors: Andania Ruqoyyah Amilia , Romadhoni Mohammad , Nita Fatma Rahayu , Setiawan Slamet , Yen Ai-Chun 
Published: April 2024

Critical Thinking (Hereafter, CT) significantly correlates to the EFL students' speaking ability; students with high critical thinking perform better than students with low critical thinking. Several strategies can be implemented for initiating CT in the classroom. One of them is using language style conveyed by the teachers. However, few studies concern about this pragma-stylistic usage in the teaching-learning process. Therefore, this current study aims to analyze (1) types of pragma-stylistics strategies used by teachers in initiating the EFL university students' CT in oral mode; (2) the ways teachers use pragma-stylistics strategies in initiating the EFL university students' CT in oral mode; and (3) the teachers' perception of the students' response towards initiating the CT in oral mode. Qualitative descriptive using Interview was conducted to collect the data. The result showed that teachers prefer using Assertive-Stating, Assertive-Suggesting, Directive-Advising and Prolepsis strategies to initiate students' CT in their speaking classroom. They implement those strategies through some activities during the class, such as giving stimulus (text, audio, and video) in a particular theme, conducting group discussions or speaking club, providing instructions or questions, and giving feedback. Besides, the teachers pointed out that most students positively respond to the strategies that they have utilized. The strategies effectively motivate and encourage the students to enhance their CT. Furthermore, this study suggests language teachers initiate their students' CT through the pragma-stylistic strategies mentioned. Finally, further researchers are expected to discuss the same field in more comprehensive scopes with different language skills.
A Survey on Theories and Application for Self Driving Cars on Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Verma Palak , Chauhan Lavanya , Srivastava Prof. Ajay Kumar 
Published: April 2024

In today’s, Self-driving cars are one of the hot research topics in technology, which has a great impact on social and economic development. Self-driving cars, powered by deep learning algorithms, represent a groundbreaking fusion of artificial intelligence and transportation technology. Deep learning is also one of the current major areas in artificial intelligence research. It has been widely applied in natural language understanding, image processing, etc. In recent years, more and more deep learning methods have been introduced to the solution in the field of self-driving cars and have achieved excellent results. This survey provides information related to self-driving cars and summarizes the application of deep learning methods in the field of self-driving cars. Then the main problems in self-driving cars and their solutions are analyzed based on deep learning methods, such as lane detection, scene recognition and navigation etc. Also briefly described are some representative approaches to self-driving cars using deep learning methods. Finally, future challenges in applications of deep learning for self-driving cars are described.
Las nuevas obligaciones de información corporativa en materia de sostenibilidad en la Unión Europea: la Directiva (ue) 2022/2464 y la naturaleza de sus normas
Authors: Vicente Blanco Dámaso Javier , Bardel Daniela 
Published: April 2024

En este trabajo partimos de la confluencia del Derecho Internacional Privado y Público en el «Derecho Internacional de las Inversiones Internacionales », en el marco del cual se produjo históricamente la discusión de la responsabilidad social de las empresas multinacionales, para identificar las normas sobre divulgación de información no financiera desde el inicio de los debates regulatorios a nivel global. Nos proponemos abordar las obligaciones de información corporativa en materia de sostenibilidad para las empresas en la Unión Europea a partir de la Directiva UE 2022/2464 y el análisis de la naturaleza de sus normas. Para ello, en primer lugar, se contextualiza la regulación en el marco de las iniciativas sobre responsabilidad social de las empresas y conducta empresarial responsable desarrolladas en la Unión Europea; en segundo lugar, se estudia la Directiva 2014/95 sobre Información no Financiera e Información sobre Diversidad; en tercer lugar, se aborda la nueva Directiva 2022/2464 en clave de aportaciones y carencias; para en cuarto lugar efectuar un análisis comprensivo acerca de la naturaleza de las normas bajo las categorías de derecho imperativo y uniforme.
Recibido: 05 febrero 2024Aceptado: 23 febrero 2024
La Politique Économique en Débat : Une Lecture Critique
Authors: Atman Dkhssi 
Published: April 2024

Cet article présente une analyse critique des politiques économiques depuis 1945, structurée autour de quatre périodes clés. De 1945 à 1980, le keynésianisme atteint son apogée dans les années 1940 et 1960, mais commence à s'essouffler dès le début des années 1970, ouvrant la voie à une contre-révolution libérale. De 1980 à 2008, une pensée post-consensus de Washington émerge, suscitant les critiques à l'encontre des thérapeutiques préconisées par les institutions de Bretton Woods et remettant en question leur hégémonie doctrinale. À partir de la crise de 2008, malgré le recours à des politiques de relance budgétaires temporaires, un nouveau consensus en faveur de la rigueur s'installe. Finalement, face à la crise pandémique mondiale du COVID 19, le keynésianisme renaît avec le retour des plans de relance, tandis que le remboursement de la dette liée à la COVID reste un défi pour la majorité des pays. Plus récemment, les politiques de normalisation monétaire prennent de l'ampleur.
Pour clarifier les concepts dans la littérature et examiner la manière dont la recherche est menée sur le sujet, une ébauche d'un examen de la portée (scoping review) a été réalisée, susceptible de servir de précurseur à une revue systématique.

This article presents a critical analysis of economic policies since 1945, structured around four key periods. From 1945 to 1980, Keynesianism reached its peak in the 1940s and 1960s but began to wane as early as the 1970s, paving the way for a neoliberal counter-revolution. From 1980 to 2008, a post-Washington Consensus thinking emerged, fueling criticisms against the therapies advocated by Bretton Woods institutions and questioning their doctrinal hegemony. From the 2008 crisis onwards, despite the temporary adoption of fiscal stimulus policies, a new consensus favoring austerity took hold. Finally, faced with the global COVID-19 pandemic crisis, Keynesianism resurged with the return of stimulus plans, while repayment of COVID-related debt remains a challenge for the majority of countries. More recently, there has been a growing focus on monetary normalization policies.
To clarify the concepts in the literature and examine how research is conducted on the subject, a draft of a scoping review has been conducted, which may serve as a precursor to a a systematic review.
La Techbología del Desempeño Humano y su Contribución al Cambio Organizacional, una Consideración Sobre los Modelos Iniciales y de Diagnostico
Authors: Gutiérrez Rodríguez Jesús Manuel 
Published: April 2024

El presente trabajo expone una descripción detallada de los modelos de procesos de mejora del desempeño, centrándose en el modelo de Tecnología del Desempeño Humano (HPT) en sus fases iniciales y de diagnóstico. Este enfoque se presenta como una herramienta integral para evaluar y establecer acciones de manera sistemática, con el objetivo de mejorar la eficiencia y eficacia en la organización en la que se implementa. La investigación es de tipo descriptivo ya que la información obtenida tiene por objeto especificar propiedades, características y rasgos importantes dentro del contexto de lo que significa un modelo de un proceso de mejora del desempeño y los diferentes tipos desarrollados, todo esto soportado en estudios e investigaciones realizadas por la Sociedad Internacional para la Mejora del Desempeño (ISPI), los resultados obtenidos indican la clasificación, el alcance y el nivel de detalle. Se concluye que la aplicación de esta información permite identificar los atributos esenciales de un modelo de un proceso de mejora del desempeño organizacional, facilitando así el desarrollo sostenido de esta a través de la modificación de la cultura organizacional con acción directa en las conductas de los integrantes, conociendo las brechas de una situación actual del desempeño contra la deseada.

This paper presents a detailed description of performance improvement process models, focusing on the Human Performance Technology (HPT) model in its initial and diagnostic phases. This approach is presented as a comprehensive tool to evaluate and establish actions in a systematic way, with the objective of improving efficiency and effectiveness in the organization where it is implemented. The research is of a descriptive type since the information obtained aims to specify properties, characteristics, and important features within the context of what a model of a performance improvement process means and the different types developed, all this supported by studies and research conducted by the International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI), the results obtained indicate the classification, scope and level of detail. It is concluded that the application of this information allows to identify the essential attributes of a model of a process of organizational performance improvement, thus facilitating the sustained development of this through the modification of the organizational culture with direct action in the behaviors of the members, knowing the gaps of a current situation of performance against the desired one.
Ratio Legis of Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations to Fulfil Creditors' Rights
Authors: Simbolon Meha Middlyne , Sitorus Yosef Felix 
Published: April 2024

Law No. 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and PKPU was established to address the debtor's obligations amidst financial incapacity. However, Law No. 37 of 2004 is invoked as the underlying basis by corporations seeking to absolve themselves from debt obligations. The objective is to understand corporate rescue, the principles of commercial exit from financial distress, and their connection to the fulfilment of creditor rights in the PKPU or Bankruptcy processes under Law No. 37 of 2004. The research methodology is empirical juridical, with the primary data as the main source, supplemented by secondary data through observations and interviews, with qualitative analysis and inductive conclusions. The research findings indicate that the simplified evidentiary outlined in Law No. 37 of 2004 is inappropriately invoked as the legal basis for Debtors is financially solvable and viable. Consequently, this leads to creditors losing. Moreover, Law No. 37 of 2004 is considered irrelevant; the emphasis should shift towards the concept of corporate rescue as a principle for business continuity. This approach aligns with practices in developed countries within the EU, as outlined in Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code, to be used as a parameter to revise Law No. 37 of 2004.