bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invisible patients in rare diseases: parental experiences with the healthcare and social services for children with rare diseases. A mixed method study
Authors: Domaradzki Jan , Walkowiak Dariusz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study explores the experiences of Polish caregivers of children with rare disease (CRD) with health care and social services for CRD. A mixed-methods approach was employed, using an open-ended questionnaire with a convenience sample. Quantitative data presented through descriptive statistics, were complemented by thematic analysis applied to qualitative responses. Responses from 925 caregivers of 1002 children with CRD revealed that the duration of the diagnostic journey varied, spanning from 0 to 18 years, with an average time of 1.7 years. Similarly, the average number of physicians consulted before receiving the correct diagnosis was 4.8. The Internet was basic source of information about children’s disease. Although caregivers were to some extent satisfied with the quality of health care for CRD, they complained at the accessibility of health care and social services, physicians’ ignorance regarding RDs, the lack of co-ordinated care and financial and psychological support. To break the cycle of the diagnostic and therapeutic odyssey that may aggravate the condition of CRD, cause parental stress and financial burden there is a need to change our view on CRD from cure to family-oriented care. Multifaceted challenges and needs of CRD families should be prioritized.
PAK4 inhibition augments anti-tumour effect by immunomodulation in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Takatsuka Danki , Tachinami Hidetake , Suzuki Nihei , Yamazaki Manabu , Yonesi Amirmoezz , Takaichi Mayu , Imaue Shuichi , Yamada Shin-Ichi , Tanuma Jun-Ichi , Noguchi Makoto , Tomihara Kei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumours, warranting novel treatments. Here, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of inhibiting p21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) in OSCC and determined its immunomodulatory effect by focusing on the enhancement of anti-tumour effects. We examined PAK4 expression in OSCC cells and human clinical samples and analysed the proliferation and apoptosis of OSCC cells following PAK4 inhibition in vitro. We also investigated the effects of in vivo administration of a PAK4 inhibitor on immune cell distribution and T-cell immune responses in OSCC tumour-bearing mice. PAK4 was detected in all OSCC cells and OSCC tissue samples. PAK4 inhibitor reduced the proliferation of OSCC cells and induced apoptosis. PAK4 inhibitor significantly attenuated tumour growth in mouse and was associated with increased proportions of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T-cells. Furthermore, PAK4 inhibitor increased the number of dendritic cells (DCs) and up-regulated the surface expression of various lymphocyte co-stimulatory molecules, including MHC-class I molecules, CD80, CD83, CD86, and CD40. These DCs augmented CD8+ T-cell activation upon co-culture. Our results suggest that PAK4 inhibition in OSCC can have direct anti-tumour and immunomodulatory effects, which might benefit the treatment of this malignancy.
The yield of a comprehensive investigation protocol for the diagnosis of true idiopathic ventricular fibrillation in a real-life clinical setting
Authors: Lietava Samuel , Sepsi Milan , Zidkova Jana , Synkova Iva , Kozak Milan , Krivan Lubomir , Vlasinova Jitka , Richter Svatopluk , Rehor Jan , Kala Petr , Bebarova Marketa , Novotny Tomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTraditionally, aborted cardiac arrest (ACA) due to documented ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the absence of structural heart disease has been termed idiopathic VF. By careful evaluation, a specific etiology can be found in a substantial proportion of patients. The aim of this survey was to assess the yield of an advanced diagnostic work-up to reveal a causative etiology in a real-life clinical setting. Patients from the University Hospital Brno’s ACA database were analyzed (514 patients in total). Forty-six patients (31 males) fulfilled the inclusion criteria, which were: (1) absence of structural pathology on echocardiography; (2) absence of coronary artery disease; and (3) absence of reversible cause of ACA. The diagnostic work-up consisted in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, stress testing, sodium channel blocker challenge, and genetic testing according to the availability of the method and patient compliance. A specific disease was found in 17 individuals (37.0%), although at least one diagnostic step was refused by 13 patients (28.3%). True idiopathic VF was confirmed in 7 patients (15.2%), for whom the entire diagnostic work-up did not reveal any specific pathology. Our real-life survey shows that, even with an incomplete diagnostic work-up (due to the unavailability of a particular method or variable patient compliance), a specific diagnosis can be identified in more than one third of the cases of “idiopathic” VF, which can thus enable targeted treatment and family screening.
Comprehensive study on impact of hydrogen peroxide decomposition on the crucial parameters of OSM-type energetic materials
Authors: Polis Mateusz , Stolarczyk Agnieszka , Szydło Konrad , Fabin Magdalena , Pytlik Mateusz , Lisiecka Barbara , Jarosz Tomasz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The use of increasingly advanced energetic materials (EMs) in various branches of industry and military sectors increases the appropriate requirements for EMs, including: their durability, safety of use, chemical and high-energetic properties. Additionally, the impact of the products of the explosion of EMs on the natural environment is also crucial. Therefore, on-site mixture (OSM) energetic materials containing concentrated hydrogen peroxide (OSM-type energetic materials) are becoming increasingly popular. This is an extremely interesting group of materials that contains in excess of 50 wt.% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and not containing toxic compounds, and therefore is environmentally friendly. The main objective of the study was to investigate the various compositions of OSM-type energetic materials in terms of the evolution over time of their energetic properties (including the “raw” energetic material strength and the ability to sustain the propagation of a detonation wave) and the volume of the post-detonation gases. The obtained results show that the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide strongly affects the detonation parameters of OSM-type energetic material and the decomposition time of HP. In addition, it has been proven that rate of decomposition of HP significantly affects the detonation parameters of OSM-type energetic materials. It was also found that the concentration of NO

$$_{\hbox {x}}$$

x

is low and decreases dramatically with the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, but at the same time the concentration of carbon oxides increases.
Skillful seasonal prediction of Afro-Asian summer monsoon precipitation with a merged machine learning and large ensemble approach
Authors: Huang Yanyan , Qian Danwei , Dai Jin , Wang Huijun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAfro-Asian summer monsoon precipitation (AfroASMP) is the life blood of billions of people living in many developing countries covering West Africa and Asia. Its complex variabilities are always accompanied by natural disasters like floods, landslides and droughts. Reliable AfroASMP prediction several months in advance is valuable for not only decision-makers but also regional socioeconomic sustainability. To address the current predicament of the AfroASMP seasonal prediction, this study provides an effective machine-learning model (Y-model). Y-model uses the monsoon related big climate data for searching the potential predictors, encompassing atmospheric internal factors and external forcings. Only the predictors associated with significant anomalies in summer horizonal winds at 850 hPa over the monsoon domain are retained. These selected predictors are then reorganized into a large ensemble based upon different thresholds of four fundamental principles. These principles include the focused sample sizes, the relationships between predictors and predictand, the independence among predictors, and the extremities of predictors in the forecast year. Real-time predictions can be generated based on the ensemble mean of skillful members during an independent hindcast period. Y-model skillfully predicts four monsoon precipitation indices of AfroASMP during 2011–2022 at lead 4–12 months, correlation skills range from 0.58 to 0.90 and root mean square error skills are reduced by 11–53% compared to CFS v2 model at lead 1 month. This study offers an effective method for preprocessing predictors in seasonal climate prediction.
Hemispherical scale mechanisms of nitrate formation in global marine aerosols
Authors: Lao Qibin , Li Hongliang , Yan Jinpei , Jin Guangzhe , He Guirong , Chen Chunqing , Zhu Qingmei , Chen Fajin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNitrogen oxides (NOx) in the atmosphere directly affect air quality; however, their oxidation products (e.g., nitrate) are essential nutrients in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. To date, the mechanism and rate of nitrate formation in the global-scale marine boundary layer remains uncertain. Herein, aerosol nitrate isotopes covering the global ocean were analysed and observations indicated that nitrate formation was dominated by the proportion between the hydroxyl radical (daytime) and ozone (nighttime) pathways in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), whereas it changed to the BrO (Antarctic iceberg emission) pathway in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). These differences in the pathways suggested that the NOx removal (nitrate formation) efficiency was higher in the NH, which could be responsible for the much higher nitrate concentrations in the NH than in the SH (over twice). This study can assist in formulating effective policies to mitigate global NOx pollution and improve our understanding of the impact of increasing NOx concentrations on global ocean productivity.
Cognitive reserve involves decision making and is associated with left parietal and hippocampal hypertrophy in neurodegeneration
Authors: Le Stanc Lorna , Lunven Marine , Giavazzi Maria , Sliwinski Agnès , Youssov Katia , Bachoud-Lévi Anne-Catherine , Jacquemot Charlotte 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCognitive reserve is the ability to actively cope with brain deterioration and delay cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases. It operates by optimizing performance through differential recruitment of brain networks or alternative cognitive strategies. We investigated cognitive reserve using Huntington’s disease (HD) as a genetic model of neurodegeneration to compare premanifest HD, manifest HD, and controls. Contrary to manifest HD, premanifest HD behave as controls despite neurodegeneration. By decomposing the cognitive processes underlying decision making, drift diffusion models revealed a response profile that differs progressively from controls to premanifest and manifest HD. Here, we show that cognitive reserve in premanifest HD is supported by an increased rate of evidence accumulation compensating for the abnormal increase in the amount of evidence needed to make a decision. This higher rate is associated with left superior parietal and hippocampal hypertrophy, and exhibits a bell shape over the course of disease progression, characteristic of compensation.
Reproducibility challenges in activating two-dimensional polymers and three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Roy Rupam , Evans Austin M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTwo-dimensional polymers and three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks are crystalline, permanently porous macromolecules. Removing guest molecules from the pores of these materials reliably is challenging because extreme capillary forces are generated when evacuating nanoporous structures. Herein, we outline the most common approaches for isolating and activating these materials. We also note how some methods, such as thermal activation under vacuum, introduce significant challenges with reproducibly activating porous organic materials. Throughout this discussion, we highlight emerging approaches that are most reliable for activating a wide range of materials without damaging their porosity or crystallinity. We also discuss what material features lead to more robust scaffolds towards activation. We hope this review can serve as a resource for experts and newcomers in this field as they determine what activation protocol to use on as-synthesized materials.
Crack mitigation in additively manufactured AlCrFe2Ni2 high-entropy alloys through engineering phase transformation pathway
Authors: Mooraj Shahryar , Dong Xizhen , Zhang Shengbiao , Zhang Yanming , Ren Jie , Guan Shuai , Li Chenyang , Naorem Rameshwari , Argibay Nicolas , Chen Wei , Yan Wentao , Raabe Dierk , Sun Zhongji , Chen Wen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe far-from-equilibrium solidification during additive manufacturing often creates large residual stresses that induce solid-state cracking. Here we present a strategy to suppress solid-state cracking in an additively manufactured AlCrFe2Ni2 high-entropy alloy via engineering phase transformation pathway. We investigate the solidification microstructures formed during laser powder-bed fusion and directed energy deposition, encompassing a broad range of cooling rates. At high cooling rates (104−106 K/s), we observe a single-phase BCC/B2 microstructure that is susceptible to solid-state cracking. At low cooling rates (102−104 K/s), FCC phase precipitates out from the BCC/B2 matrix, resulting in enhanced ductility (~10 %) and resistance to solid-state cracking. Site-specific residual stress/strain analysis reveals that the ductile FCC phase can largely accommodate residual stresses, a feature which helps relieve residual strains within the BCC/B2 phase to prevent cracking. Our work underscores the value of exploiting the toolbox of phase transformation pathway engineering for material design during additive manufacturing.
Quantification of losses in agriculture production in eastern Ukraine due to the Russia-Ukraine war
Authors: Chen Bin , Tu Ying , An Jiafu , Wu Shengbiao , Lin Chen , Gong Peng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ongoing war in Ukraine has seriously impacted the agricultural sector, yet its exact effects on agricultural production are not well understood. Here we combine satellite imagery, machine learning, and statistical regression approaches to present a spatially detailed assessment of agricultural losses for five high-risk provinces in eastern Ukraine (Crimea, Donets’k, Kherson, Luhans’k, and Zaporizhzhya). Our findings indicated that approximately 18.11 ± 2.47% of croplands were left unplanted following the war. Among the cultivated areas, wheat, sunflower, and rapeseed experienced average production losses of 36.39–37.19% in 2022 compared to pre-war levels during 2019–2021. Economically, the indirect losses resulting from decreased production, corresponding to $520.36 ± 22.52, $427.59 ± 24.62, and $205.02 ± 11.53 million USD for wheat, sunflower, and rapeseed crops, respectively, were 1.31–2.16 times higher than direct losses due to unplanted. We also found that reductions in crop production were primarily affected by war intensity indicated by changes in nighttime lights. This methodology offers a comprehensive framework for quantifying agricultural damages from wars, which can be applicable beyond the Russia-Ukraine context.
Reproducible high-quality perovskite single crystals by flux-regulated crystallization with a feedback loop
Authors: Haruta Yuki , Ye Hanyang , Huber Paul , Sandor Nicholas , Pavesic Junior Antoine , Dayneko Sergey , Qiu Shuang , Yeddu Vishal , Saidaminov Makhsud I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractControlling the linear growth rate, a critical factor that determines crystal quality, has been a challenge in solution-grown single crystals due to complex crystallization kinetics influenced by multiple parameters. Here we introduce a flux-regulated crystallization (FRC) method to directly monitor and feedback-control the linear growth rate, circumventing the need to control individual growth conditions. When applied to metal halide perovskites, the FRC maintains a stable linear growth rate for over 40 h in synthesizing CH3NH3PbBr3 and CsPbBr3 single crystals, achieving outstanding crystallinity (quantified by a full width at half-maximum of 15.3 arcsec in the X-ray rocking curve) in a centimetre-scale single crystal. The FRC is a reliable platform for synthesizing high-quality crystals essential for commercialization and systematically exploring crystallization conditions, maintaining a key parameter—the linear growth rate—constant, which enables a comprehensive understanding of the impact of other influencing factors.
Assessing the arrhythmogenic propensity of fibrotic substrate using digital twins to inform a mechanisms-based atrial fibrillation ablation strategy
Authors: Sakata Kensuke , Bradley Ryan P. , Prakosa Adityo , Yamamoto Carolyna A. P. , Ali Syed Yusuf , Loeffler Shane , Tice Brock M. , Boyle Patrick M. , Kholmovski Eugene G. , Yadav Ritu , Sinha Sunil Kumar , Marine Joseph E. , Calkins Hugh , Spragg David D. , Trayanova Natalia A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF), the most common heart rhythm disorder, may cause stroke and heart failure. For patients with persistent AF with fibrosis proliferation, the standard AF treatment—pulmonary vein isolation—has poor outcomes, necessitating redo procedures, owing to insufficient understanding of what constitutes good targets in fibrotic substrates. Here we present a prospective clinical and personalized digital twin study that characterizes the arrhythmogenic properties of persistent AF substrates and uncovers locations possessing rotor-attracting capabilities. Among these, a portion needs to be ablated to render the substrate not inducible for rotors, but the rest (37%) lose rotor-attracting capabilities when another location is ablated. Leveraging digital twin mechanistic insights, we suggest ablation targets that eliminate arrhythmia propensity with minimum lesions while also minimizing the risk of iatrogenic tachycardia and AF recurrence. Our findings provide further evidence regarding the appropriate substrate ablation targets in persistent AF, opening the door for effective strategies to mitigate patients’ AF burden.
Can holographic optical storage displace Hard Disk Drives?
Authors: Chu Jiaqi , Cheriere Nathanaël , Brennan Grace , Yang Mengyang , O’Shea Greg , Gladrow Jannes , Kelly Douglas J. , Maltese Giorgio , Sanders Alan , Narayanan Dushyanth , Thomsen Benn , Rowstron Antony 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCloud data workloads require both high capacity at low cost and high access rates. Hard Disk Drives are the dominant media in this application as they are low cost, however, Hard Disk Drive technology is seeing declining access rates and a slowdown in capacity scaling. Holographic data storage could disrupt Hard Disk Drives in the cloud since it may offer both high capacity and access rates. However, a challenge with rewritable holographic media is the data durability due to erasure. Here we present a media and workload aware energy optimization framework and show that erasure can be managed. We investigated the optimal Fe concentrations in iron-doped lithium niobate with experimental results supporting a stretched-exponential erasure model. We achieved a record number of reads, and surpassed the previous record for density. Our approach provides an objective assessment the feasibility of such storage technology given component parameters and material properties.
Exploring motivated reasoning in polarization over the unfolding 2023 judicial reform in Israel
Authors: Simunovic Dora , Dorfman Anna , Katzir Maayan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work explored polarization over Israel’s Judicial Reform, introduced in January 2023. We find that the reform divided people into pro- and anti-reform camps, which differed in characteristics such as institutional trust, patriotism, and national identity. For example, the camps disagreed about trust in the government versus the judiciary. In line with motivated reasoning—biased reasoning processes used to reach desired conclusions—people’s pre-existing characteristics motivated polarized views of the reform as a threat to democracy (issue-based polarization) and negative emotions towards opponents (affective polarization). Further demonstrating a motivated process, pro-reform participants (the electorate majority), prioritized majority rule over other democratic features (e.g., minority rights) compared to anti-reform participants. Polarization differentially predicted downstream consequences (e.g., protest methods), indicating that the camps’ reactions were motivated by the extremity of their views and negative emotions. This work extends the understanding of potentially motivated polarization processes and their immediate downstream consequences.
In situ growth of a heterojunction cocatalyst on the g-C3N5 surface enhances charge transfer to improve photocatalytic activity
Authors: He Siyu , Wang Guanlong , Liu Yaoqi , Luo Lingzhi , Jiang Tingting , Fan Tianbin , Zhu Xingyu , Ding Yichao , Jing Jiang , Guan Sujun 
Published: June 2024

A novel strategy involves depositing Co on P-doped g-C3N5 to create a P-dependent cocatalyst, which addresses the issue of CoOOH·CoOx binding with g-C3N5 and enhances photocatalytic efficiency by suppressing fast carrier recombination.
Finite‐time control for a quadcopter UAV in the application of wildfire monitoring
Authors: Mawanza Joewell , Agee John , Bhero Ernest 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the problem of monitoring wildfires using a quadcopter uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) subject to external perturbations and nonlinear uncertainties. A finite‐time control scheme is designed for the quadcopter UAV to monitor the elliptical propagation of a wildfire. The control scheme is composed of an improved nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control (NFTSMC) and a higher order sliding mode observer (HOSMO). The HOSMO is constructed first to estimate external perturbations, nonlinear uncertainties, and incomplete system states resulting from the system's uncertainties. Then, a novel NFTSMC is developed that utilizes the estimated system states. The Lyapunov theorem is used to demonstrate that the quadcopter UAV can elliptically monitor a wildfire, and the tracking error can rapidly converge to zero within a finite time. Comparative simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Attack detection method for encrypted wave‐variable‐based bilateral control systems
Authors: Miyazaki Tetsuro , Shono Naoto , Teranishi Kaoru , Kanno Takahiro , Kawase Toshihiro , Kogiso Kiminao , Kawashima Kenji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study presents an energy‐based attack detection method involving an encrypted bilateral control system using wave variables. In the considered bilateral control system, the leader and follower receive the follower's force information and the leader's velocity information, respectively, through the wave variables. The considered attack model multiplies the wave variables by an attack parameter, which is possible due to the malleability of the encryption scheme. The bilateral control system will be destabilized if the attacker chooses a relatively large parameter value. This motivates in developing a passivity observer for each leader and follower side to compute the total energy and constructing an energy‐based detection method that can be incorporated into the encrypted bilateral control system and is summarized in the presented theorem. Furthermore, this study provides a specific design for reasonable threshold parameters concerning the control system energy. The theorem and the experimental validation confirm that the developed encrypted wave‐variable‐based bilateral control system with the proposed attack detector is secure and effective as a countermeasure against malleability‐based attacks.