bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The treasurer: How to weather our current crisis
Authors: Anandarajan Asokan , Ehrlich Michael 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe are enduring the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Traditional sources of liquidity and investments have dried up. And we are living in a state of flux, where the rules can be changed overnight—as the federal government constantly announces new amendments to the bailout plans.So, the role of the treasurer has changed from managing liquidity to managing emergencies. What special hazards must the treasurer now avoid? And what strategies can he or she adopt to weather the current storm? © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cash buyer beware!
Authors: Johnson Leigh Redd , Rudolph Holly R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn January of this year, two executive officers of Pharmed Group were sentenced to nine years in prison for fraud. They had stolen more than $5 million in cash from a corporate customer.How did Pharmed, a health care supplier, get away with this fraud for several years? And what lessons should cash managers learn from this case? © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The amazon law: Will you pay web sales tax?
Authors: Sonnier Blaise M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIncreased sales taxes can certainly impact a company's cash flow. Unfortunately, in this recession, tax revenues have dropped for the states, so they are looking for ways to boost taxes. One idea is to tax sales made over the Internet by state residents. New York has led the way with the 2008 “Amazon Law,” taxing online purchases by state residents if the online retailer has “affiliates” in New York. And many other states have considered similar legislation. Will your company soon be paying more Web sales tax? What strategies might help avoid this obligation? © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cancer survivor adaptation model: conceptualizing cancer as a chronic illness
Authors: Naus Mary J. , Ishler Marilyn D. , Parrott, Charlotte E. , Kovacs Stephanie A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA model of cancer as a chronic illness is proposed as a new direction for quality of life research. In the cancer survivor adaptation (CSA) model, adjustment to cancer survivorship is a life‐long process involving three interacting components. Personal context incorporates cancer survivorship and personal characteristics across biological, psychological, and social domains. The adaptation process involves a specific cognitive mechanism of change, where the ongoing appraisal of goals and world assumptions occur in the context of the cancer survivor's personal memories and sense of self. Finally, quality of life outcomes are viewed as multidimensional and personally weighted for importance, with expectations for both positive and negative physical, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual adjustments over time. Research and clinical implications are explored. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–10, 2009.
Testing an approach to OSL dating of Late Devensian glaciofluvial sediments of the British Isles
Authors: Thrasher I. M. , Mauz B. , Chiverrell R. C. , Lang A. , Thomas G. S. P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn the British and Irish Isles, the understanding of expansion and retreat of the last ice sheet in Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 has been hindered by a lack of chronological control for the timing of its maximum extent and subsequent retreat stages. In this research, a suite of lithofacies from a former distal ice marginal sandur at Orrisdale, Isle of Man, were identified and selected for optically stimulated luminescence dating. Different‐size fractions of quartz grains were extracted from selected lithofacies types with the aim of identifying which depositional environments and grain size fractions are best suited for optical dating. Tests have been undertaken to identify the luminescence properties of this quartz, including preheat dose recovery and constant‐wave optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) decay curve fitting. Equivalent dose distributions for all samples were wide and positively skewed, indicative of heterogeneous bleaching. A comprehensive statistically based decision‐making protocol has been defined in order to find the appropriate statistical model for burial dose estimation. Ages in the range of 17–14 ka have been obtained which agree with the expected geologically constrained chronology. The Orrisdale Formation is contemporaneous with Heinrich Event 1 and the Killard Point Stadial identified in eastern Ireland ca. 16.4 ka. The suggested approach for OSL dating of glaciofluvial sediments has the potential for much wider application to high latitude or temperate areas where there is an abundance of such sediments and where improved chronological control is much needed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiplexed concentration quantification using isotopic surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering
Authors: Perera Pradeep N. , Deb Shirshendu K. , Jo Davisson V. , Ben‐Amotz Dor 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe recently developed isotopically edited internal standard approach for surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) based chemical quantification is extended to demonstrate multiplexed detection of four different isotopic variants of a single chromophore. More specifically, it is shown that rhodamine‐6G (R6G) with 0, 2, 4, or 6 deuterium substitutions may be reliably quantified in either two‐ or three‐component mixtures. Thus, one isotopic species of known concentration may be used as an internal standard to determine the concentrations of two other isotopic components in a mixture. The concentrations of isotopic R6G SERRS chromophores are determined using partial least squares calibration and shown to yield a predictive accuracy of about ± 10% of the total R6G concentration (over 1–50 nM concentration range). These results set the stage for the use of such isotopic variants as tags for the SERRS/SERS quantitation of mixtures containing proteins, peptides, and other compounds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of hydrogen bond on the vibrational dynamics of genistein free and complexed with β‐cyclodextrins
Authors: Crupi Vincenza , Majolino Domenico , Paciaroni Alessandro , Rossi Barbara , Stancanelli Rosanna , Venuti Valentina , Viliani Gabriele 
Published: October 2009

AbstractInclusion, or host–guest, complexes are supramolecular assemblies in which two or more molecules hold together and organize by means of intermolecular noncovalent bonds. In the pharmaceutical field, inclusion complexation of drugs with unsubstituted and derivative β‐cyclodextrins (β‐CDs) has proven to be a successful method to improve the dissolution of water insoluble drugs. Genistein (Gen), an isoflavone constituent of Onodis spinosae radix, turned out to be a suitable guest molecule for the encapsulation into β‐CD, resulting in a significant improvement of its aqueous solubility. In the present study, the modifications of the vibrational spectrum of Gen caused by its inclusion into β‐CDs cavity have been characterized by means of Raman scattering experiments. These changes have been interpreted by comparing the experimental data with the vibrational wavenumbers and Raman intensities obtained by simulation for the free and complexed guest molecule. Following this strategy, we have obtained a deeper understanding of the host–guest interactions involved in the formation and stabilization of the complexes, with particular regard to the role played by the guest chemical groups, as well as to disentangle the effects directly related to the complexation process from those ascribed to other factors, such as formation of intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biocompatible polymeric monoliths for protein and peptide separations
Authors: Li Yun , Lee Milton L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe concept of biocompatibility with reference to chromatographic stationary phases for separation of biomolecules (including proteins and peptides) is introduced. Biocompatible is a characteristic that indicates resistance to nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules and preservation of their structures and biochemical functions. Two types of biocompatible polymeric monoliths [i. e., polyacrylamide‐ and poly(meth)acrylate‐based monoliths] used for protein and peptide separations are reviewed in detail, with emphasis on size exclusion, ion exchange, and hydrophobic interaction chromatographic modes. Biocompatible monoliths for enzyme reactors are also included. The two main synthetic approaches to produce biocompatible monoliths are summarized, i. e., surface modification of a monolith that is not inherently biocompatible and direct copolymerization of hydrophilic monomers to form a biocompatible monolith directly. Integration of polyethylene glycol into the poly(meth)acrylate monolith network is becoming popular for reduction of non‐specific protein interactions.
11.7 Tesla magnetic resonance microimaging of laryngeal tissue architecture
Authors: Herrera Victoria L. M. , Viereck Jason C. , Lopez‐Guerra Gerardo , Kumai Yoshihiko , Kobler James , Karajanagi Sandeep , Park Hyoungshin , Hillman Robert , Zeitels Steven M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:High‐resolution imaging of vocal folds that distinguishes vocal fold (VF) layered microstructure and VF implants would provide a key experimental tool for translational research investigating biomaterial‐based interventions to treat vocal fold scar. To establish proof of concept, we studied whether 11.7 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance (MR) microimaging provides the needed resolution to resolve vocal fold tissue architecture.Study Design:We performed ex vivo MR microimaging of fixed ferret and canine larynges to determine whether changes in the layered architecture can be detected in the presence of scar and subsequent to biomaterial injections into the vocal folds. Serial section histological analyses were done to corroborate MR microimaging findings.Methods:Multiple axial and transverse/coronal 300‐μm slices were obtained using an 11.7 T MR spectrometer/500 MHz for proton with gradient‐recalled echo and rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement imaging sequences.Results:High‐resolution (39 μm/pixel) MR microimages distinguished VF epithelium, lamina propria, muscle, and cartilage in ferret and canine larynges. In ferret scarred VFs (n = 25), collagen‐rich dense scar tissue was distinguishable from contralateral nonscarred VFs and from normal ferret VFs (n = 25), as confirmed on histology. MR microimaging accurately detected injected autologous fat, hyaluronic acid‐based and polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐based implants injected into both ferret and canine VFs. Importantly, MRI accurately showed resorption of PEG implants in ferrets and canines, as confirmed on histology. Additionally, ex vivo MR spectroscopy distinguished fat from PEG‐based implants.Conclusions:Ex vivo 11.7 T MR microimaging provided high‐resolution images of ferret and canine laryngeal tissue microstructure, although the superficial lamina propria could not be distinguished. Histology confirmed MR microimaging findings, indicating utility of MR microimaging of modeled scar, implant residence time, and tissue responses, thus providing integrative insight relevant to translational research. Laryngoscope, 2009
Adaptive finite element computation of dielectric and mechanical intensity factors in piezoelectrics with impermeable cracks
Authors: Jański Ł. , Scherzer M. , Steinhorst P. , Kuna M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe paper deals with the application of an adaptive, hierarchic‐iterative finite element technique to solve two‐dimensional electromechanical boundary value problems with impermeable cracks in piezoelectric plates. In order to compute the dielectric and mechanical intensity factors, the interaction integral technique is used. The iterative finite element solver takes advantage of a sequence of solutions on hierarchic discretizations. Based on an a posteriori error estimation, the finite element mesh is locally refined or coarsened in each step. Two crack configurations are investigated in an infinite piezoelectric plate: A finite straight crack and a finite kinked crack. Fast convergence of the numerical intensity factors to the corresponding analytical solution is exemplarily proved during successive adaptive steps for the first configuration. Similar tendency can be observed for the second configuration. Furthermore, the computed intensity factors for the kinks are found to coincide well with the corresponding analytical values. In order to simulate the kinks spreading from a straight crack, the finite element mesh is modified automatically with a specially developed algorithm. This forms the basis for a fully adaptive simulation of crack propagation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of churches in creating social capital and improving governance in Papua New Guinea: Lessons for working in fragile situations
Authors: Hauck Volker A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article researches the different types of contributions of Christian churches to governance and the creation of social capital in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The analysis is done against the background of debates on how to deal with situations of fragility and what role civil society can play in such situations. The article demonstrates what churches, as a sub‐set of civil society, can contribute to enhancing public performance; public policy and decision making; transparency and information sharing; supporting social justice and reconciliation and peace building and examines what capabilities allow churches to shape social capital. Lessons for working with churches are: they are potentially relevant actors to address situations of fragility; most of them have comparative advantages in building governance bottom‐up, while their potential to engage effectively in governance at the national level is more modest; working with them requires knowing and respecting their diversities and divisions—some can be useful partners in an effort to enhance governance and social capital while others might better be disregarded because their theological orientation is not conducive in this regard; many churches which operate in situations of fragility are fragile themselves—while they have strengths in shaping cognitive social capital they can benefit from capacity development support which enhances their structures, systems and other forms of structural social capital. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance accountability in the UN Secretariat – The conflictual way toward more flexibility
Authors: Balint Tim , Schernbeck Sarah , Schneider Simone 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe article investigates accountability structures in the Secretariat of the United Nations (UN) by emphasizing the institutional design and the interaction between member states and Secretariat. Empirical findings indicate that reform endeavors toward a more performance‐based accountability in the UN Secretariat have fallen short. The article finds that mistrust between Secretariat and member states and among the member states themselves is predominantly responsible for the identified shortcomings and outlines how polarized the legislative organs – namely the member states – are. Evidently, a substantial concern of the countries represented in the G77 is that an empowerment of the Secretariat would ultimately lead to an empowerment of the influential donor countries and the permanent members of the Security Council. Consequently, the authors identify three main challenges that have to be handled in order to move toward a more performance oriented accountability structure: The creation of a trusting environment and strategic partnerships between the governing bodies, the further empowerment of senior managers, and a review of the current performance management system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How does The Journal of Pathology deal with conflict of interest?
Authors: Hall Peter A , Poulsom Richard , Wixon Jo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHere we outline the approach of The Journal of Pathology to the issue of conflict of interest. We aspire to have a fair and transparent review process where conflict of interest or prejudice does not influence the review and decision‐making process, such that readers can be confident of the objectivity of peer‐review and reliability of content. Transparency and openness from all involved is the cornerstone of this and our processes are intended to prevent, as far as is possible, financial, personal, intellectual, professional, political, religious, racial, gender‐related or other conflicts of interest affecting our peer‐review. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dysregulation of protein synthesis and disease
Authors: Le Quesne John PC , Spriggs Keith A , Bushell Martin , Willis Anne E 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe regulation of protein synthesis plays as important a role as transcriptional control in the control of gene expression. Once thought solely to act globally, translational control has now been shown to be able to control the expression of most genes specifically. Dysregulation of this process is associated with a range of pathological conditions, notably cancer and several neurological disorders, and can occur in many ways. These include alterations in the expression of canonical initiation factors, mutations in regulatory mRNA sequence elements in 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), such as upstream open reading frames (uORFs), internal ribosome entry segments (IRESs) and micro‐RNA (miR) target sites, and the altered expression of trans‐acting protein factors that bind to and regulate these elements. Translational control is increasingly open for study in both fresh and fixed tissue, and this rapidly developing field is yielding useful diagnostic and prognostic tools that will hopefully provide new targets for effective treatments. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The identification of pregnancies within the general practice research database
Authors: Devine Scott , West Suzanne , Andrews Elizabeth , Tennis Pat , Hammad Tarek A. , Eaton Susan , Thorp John , Olshan Andrew 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe United States is moving toward active drug safety surveillance using sources such as administrative claims and electronic medical records, but use of these data for studying teratogenicity has been challenging, as they typically do not allow for the easy identification of pregnancies. Our goal was to develop and validate an algorithm for the identification of pregnancies in the general practice research database (GPRD) that could be used to study pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThe algorithm identified pregnancies in women 15–45‐year‐old that were pregnant between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 2006. We identified live births, stillbirths, and spontaneous and elective terminations within a woman's record. We validated the algorithm using the additional clinical details maternity (ACDM) file and de‐identified free‐text records.ResultsWe analyzed 16 035 394 records from 3 093 927 individuals and identified 383 184 women who had a total of 580 356 pregnancies. There were 415 221 full‐term live births, 3080 pre‐ or post‐term births, 1834 multi‐fetus deliveries, 86 408 spontaneous abortions or miscarriages, 72 164 elective terminations, and 1649 stillbirths or fetal deaths. A marker of pregnancy care was identifiable for 86.3% of the 580 356 pregnancies. The internal validation steps indicated that the algorithm produced consistent results with the ACDM file.ConclusionsWe were successful in identifying a large number of pregnancies in the GPRD. Our use of a hierarchical approach to identify pregnancy outcomes builds upon the methods suggested in previous work, while implementing additional steps to minimize potential misclassification of pregnancy outcomes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of a new natural clay to produce poly(methyl methacrylate)‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Lerari Djahida , Peeterbroeck Sophie , Benali Samira , Benaboura Ahmed , Dubois Philippe 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNanocomposites of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) filled with 3 wt% of modified natural Algerian clay (AC; montmorillonite type) were prepared by either in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile or a melt‐mixing process with preformed PMMA via twin‐screw extrusion. The organo‐modification of the AC montmorillonite was achieved by ion exchange of Na+ with octadecyldimethylhydroxyethylammonium bromide. Up to now, this AC montmorillonite has found applications only in the petroleum industry as a rheological additive for drilling muds and in water purification processes; its use as reinforcement in polymer matrices has not been reported yet. The modified clay was characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), which showed an important shift of the interlayer spacing after organo‐modification. The degree of dispersion of the clay in the polymer matrix and the resulting morphology of nanocomposites were evaluated using XRD and transmission electron microscopy. The resulting intercalated PMMA nanocomposites were analysed using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites was not significantly influenced by the presence of the modified clay while the thermal stability was considerably improved compared to unfilled PMMA. This Algerian natural montmorillonite can serve as reinforcing nanofiller for polymer matrices and is of real interest for the fabrication of nanocomposite materials with improved properties. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of teacher and school psychologist knowledge of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Weyandt Lisa L. , Fulton Katherine M. , Schepman Steve B. , Verdi Genevieve R. , Wilson Kimberly G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate teacher and school psychologists' knowledge of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). One hundred thirty‐two kindergarten through 12th‐grade general education teachers, special education teachers, and school psychologists responded to a 24‐item questionnaire concerning treatment and possible causes of ADHD. The results supported the hypothesis that school psychologists' knowledge level of ADHD would be significantly greater than the knowledge level of special and general education teachers, but did not support the hypothesis that the knowledge level of special education teachers would be significantly greater than the knowledge level of general education teachers. Increased years of professional experience was negatively associated with increased knowledge about ADHD. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.