bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aiming at Liberation: Al-Manar Media Campaigns against the Israeli Occupation of Southern Lebanon (1998–2000)
Authors: Harb Zahera 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOn May 25, 2000 Israeli forces withdrew from southern Lebanon after 22 years of occupation. The role Hezbollah's media played in achieving liberation has been regarded as significant. Media campaigns were conducted to unite the Lebanese people against their foreign occupier (the Israeli military forces) and in support of the Lebanese resistance in southern Lebanon, mainly Hezbollah's Islamic resistance. This article will look into Hezbollah's media plan and the role Al-Manar TV, affiliated to Hezbollah, played in implementing this media strategy. The article argues that Hezbollah decided to use the media systematically, as one of the tools to achieve liberation of southern Lebanon from Israeli occupation. To illustrate this proposition, the article analyzes Al-Manar journalists' performance during the period starting from 1998 and leading up to May 25, 2000, the day of Liberation. The performance of Al-Manar journalists will be presented and examined in relation to propaganda principles and techniques. This article argues that particular kinds of journalism realize a distinct form of propaganda in the particular context of occupation and resistance – liberation propaganda.
Cultural Difference or Cultural Hegemony? Contextualizing the Danish Cartoon Controversy within Migration Spaces
Authors: Hanafi Sari 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article will argue that the growing polarization between what is perceived as Western society and Muslim 'communities' can neither be analyzed as a clash between identities nor as a reflection of cultural differences. This polarization operates in a context of cultural hegemony, a sort of cultural logic of late capitalism, through which power and global capital are allied and where the migrants are either invisible or hyper-visible. I will take the example of the Danish cartoon episode as a controversy that reflects the cultural hegemony and power structure deployed against undesirable groups such as migrants living in Europe. Yet, to recall Antonio Gramsci, it is in this moment of crisis where migrants' agency will be in position to destabilize the hegemonic forces because migrants are not merely victims – they hold a responsibility toward their situation. After contextualizing this controversy within the migration space, I will argue that the controversy does not concern censorship and freedom of expression. It is a question of how one can define universalism. This has implications for how multiculturalism is perceived; this article argues that issues of multiculturalism and geopolitics cannot be detached from one another.
Valley of the Wolves—Iraq: Anti-Geopolitics Alla Turca
Authors: Yanık Lerna 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article discusses the Turkish movie Valley of the Wolves—Iraq (Kurtlar Vadisi—Irak), a blockbuster in Turkey in 2006. The movie has made an important mark on the history of Turkish popular culture, not through any artistic achievement, but because of the movie's 'reversed' representations/imaginations. The movie contains favorable views of 'Pax Turca' and 'Pax Islamica' as well as a critique, which is quite anti-American, of the American occupation of Iraq. These images and thus the movie itself give powerful insights into the geopolitical self/other representations of Turks in the current global (dis)order. In addition to these 'reversed' geopolitical representations, the movie reverses (or to be more correct, 'steals') and uses one of the most important soft power tools that Westerners have: cinema and, hence, makes Valley of the Wolves—Iraq a case of double 'anti-geopolitics'.
Papyrus CtYBR 2885 rt.—Reste einer demotischen Königsliste auf Papyrus?
Authors: Quack Joachim Friedrich 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPublication of the demotic papyrus CtYBR 2885 rt. (Fig. 1). The text can be interpreted as scanty remains of a demotic king-list covering the later Saïte period. It is possible that it testifies to a self-proclaimed continuity between the 24th and the 26th dynasty.
From Twice Helix to Double Helix: A Comprehensive Model for Egyptian Calendar History
Authors: Depuydt Leo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe design of this paper is to consolidate a comprehensive model pertaining to the evolution of Egyptian calendars over three millennia of Pharaonic history, as an extension of this writer's earlier work on calendars. This model is a variation on the model advanced by Ludwig Borchardt and Richard Parker. While hardly immune from criticism, the Borchardt-Parker model has been prevalent in the second half of the twentieth century. According to this model, there were three calendars in ancient Egypt, two lunar and one non-lunar called civil. According to the variant model, there are only two calendars at any one time, the dominant civil calendar and a marginal lunar calendar of religious purport and of incomplete articulation. After the creation of the two calendars in prehistory and early history, only one truly significant event took place in all of Egyptian calendar history, around the fourteenth century B.C.E. Before the event, the lunar year began around the rising of Sirius in July. After the event, it began around the first new moon following civil New Year's Day. Owing to the backward wandering of the civil year, civil new year came to coincide with the rising of Sirius in the later fourteenth century B.C.E. The lunar calendar was unhooked from the rising, as it were, and attached and subordinated to the civil calendar. A double calendar, spiraling forward in time like a double helix, was the result. If the earlier and later beginnings of the lunar year are counted as two different calendars, there were three calendars, one civil and two lunar. However, it seems preferable to count just one lunar calendar, one that changed in regard to just one feature, its year's beginning.
Viceroys, Viziers & The Amun Precinct: The Power of Heredity and Strategic Marriage in the Early 18th Dynasty
Authors: Shirley JJ 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe early 18th Dynasty was a time of military and political reorganization and consolidation in which significant administrative changes were enacted that were likely designed to support a “powerful and pervasive royal authority”<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">1</xref> Certainly the offices of viceroy of Kush and vizier were a central feature of this, and the rise of Amun and his priesthood ‐ with newly created positions ‐ was another area which King Ahmose and his successors sought to promote. While initially the kings may have chosen men to fill the positions of viceroy and vizier, and likely several high posts within the Amun precinct, some office-holders were quickly able to establish family dynasties that would last for several generations. This paper reviews the connections, both political and familial, between the viceroys, viziers and various officials of the Amun domain. It seeks to demonstrate the considerable role that one elite family, utilizing heredity, marriage and nepotism, was able to play in controlling a wide range of positions within the burgeoning 18th Dynasty government.
Looking at History through the Prism of Mythology: can the Osirian Myth Shed any Light on Ancient Egyptian Royal Succession Patterns?
Authors: Revez Jean 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Osirian Myth is testimony to the importance Egyptians put on royal succession. In this paper, we wish to show how the distinction between Myth and History can sometimes be blurred. We will examine two case studies in which the traditional focus on the orderly transmission of royal power from Osiris to his son Horus is altered in order to fit in extraordinary political circumstances or unusual cultural features. We will first look at the Great Abydene Stela of Ramesses IV to examine how the tumultuous succession of Ramesses III changed the angle from which the Osirian Myth is alluded to. We will then deal with the Stela of Taharqa on the High Nile in Year 6 to see how the myth is reshaped in order to encompass the new reality of an Egyptian dynasty of Nubian origin, where the king’s mother played a major role in the royal investiture.
A Portion of Life Solidified: Understanding Ancient Egypt Through the Integration of Archaeology and History
Authors: Smith Stuart Tyson 
Published: July 2010

AbstractArchaeological evidence is often perceived as either illustrating the historical record or where independent, dealing mainly with small things of little larger importance, like the domestic economy. The search for individual action in the archaeological record seems futile compared to the richness of the historical record at places like Deir el Medina. The founder of modern Egyptian archaeology, W.M. Flinders Petrie, realized the potential for archaeology to reveal not just cultural generalities, but insights into the lives of individuals, most of whom left no written record behind. Both archaeological and historical evidence have unique limitations and challenges in interpretation, but at the same time truly integrating text and archaeology has the potential to yield greater insights into the nature and dynamics of Egyptian society than each source alone could produce.
Infantilizing Bābā Dārā: The Cultural Memory of Dārā Shekuh and the Mughal Public Sphere
Authors: Kinra Rajeev 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe modernist image of the eclectic Mughal prince and patron, Dārā Shekuh (d. 1659 CE), has been almost universally positive, routinely singling him out as an exceptionally tolerant, but ultimately “ill-fated” figure. His defeat and execution by his younger, more conventionally pious brother, Awrangzib 'Alamgīr (r. 1658-1707), is in turn lamented as a civilizational tipping point away from the Mughals' cosmopolitan ethos of “peace with all” toward a more narrowly sectarian vision of empire—one which undermined not only the Mughals themselves, but also the entire Indo-Persian ecumene and, ultimately, the Indian nation. The early modern response to Dārā's character and cultural legacy was, however, far more complex than this caricature of “good Muslim” tolerance versus “bad Muslim” fanaticism would suggest. This article grapples with that complexity by examining the oblique critical discourse surrounding three of Dārā's most well-known interlocutors: Bābā Lāl Dayāl, Chandar Bhān “Brahman,” and Hakīm Sarmad.
Literary Connections: Bahār's Sabkshenāsi and the Bāzgasht-e Adabi
Authors: Smith Matthew 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe bāzgasht-e adabi (literary return) school is generally portrayed in modern historical studies as a reaction to the so-called sabk-e Hendi (Indian style) of poetry, which is said to have dominated Persian letters during the reign of the Safavids. Much of the terminology we use to discuss this movement— sabk, for instance—as well as the qualitative arguments are taken directly from scholars of the early twentieth century, and from Malek al-Sho'arā' Mohammad Taqi Bahār (d. 1951), who coined the phrase bāzgasht-e adabi, in particular. Despite the pivotal role with which the bāzgasht poets are credited, their work is little studied and the influence of twentieth century nationalism on our conception of these poets and their place in literary history is not clearly understood. By exploring the complex social ties among the earliest representatives of the school, we gain a deeper understanding of the motivations and methods of transmission among the poets beyond the framework which a nationalistic approach provides.
Iranian Language Reform in the Twentieth Century:Did the First Farhangestān (1935-40) Succeed?
Authors: Paul Ludwig 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the period 1935-1940, the Iranian Language Academy (Farhangestān) proposed over 1,600 indigenous terms to replace words of Arabic or European origin. Seventy years later, an assessment of the effects or “success” of this activity may be attempted. The Farhangestān’s success cannot be measured easily, by counting the successful words. A study of it requires a strict definition of the term “success” and a detailed analysis of the origin, semantics, usage, stylistics, etc. of each word. The analysis proposed here, using sixty terms, yields a scale of increasing success along which the coined terms may be arranged. The article aims to show that any exact numbers indicating the Farhangestān’s word-replacing success are of limited value; and that it is more interesting to ask how the new terms have been established and how they have systematically changed, and often enriched, the vocabulary of Persian.
A Survey of the Discipline of Political Science in Iran
Authors: Rutner Maryam 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis survey examines the content and purpose of the political science discipline in respect to seven prominent universities in Iran and its significance for the Iranian society. It is based on quantitative and qualitative data including personal interviews and survey results, as well as theses conducted by political science students, academic articles written by scholars in the field, and university curricula. The survey suggests that Iranian political science after the 1979 revolution addresses contemporary political problems and challenges related to Iran only to a limited extent, and is predominantly theoretical and “borrowed” in nature, despite the goal during the Cultural Revolution to indigenize and Islamicize the social sciences.
Gynandromorphs and intersexes: potential to understand the mechanism of sex determination in arthropods
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo , Narita Satoko , Kageyama Daisuke , Kjellberg Finn 
Published: July 2010

AbstractArthropods are sexually dimorphic. An arthropod individual usually differentiates into a male or a female. With very low frequencies, however, individuals with both male and female morphological characters have repeatedly been found in natural and laboratory populations of arthropods. Gynandromorphs (i.e., sexual mosaics) are genetically chimeric individuals consisting of male and female tissues. On the other hand, intersexes are genetically uniform (i.e., complete male, complete female or intermediate in every tissue) but all or some parts of their tissues have either a sexual phenotype opposite to their genetic sex or an intermediate sexual phenotype. Possible developmental processes (e.g., double fertilization of a binucleate egg, loss of a sex chromosome or upregulation/downregulation of sex-determining genes) and causal factors (e.g., mutations, genetic incompatibilities, temperatures or endosymbionts) for the generation of gynandromorphs and intersexes are reviewed and discussed.
Afrustningskon Ferencens Forberedelse
Authors: Brüel Erik 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTil foranstaaende Artikel af Minister Politis om Afrustningskonferencens Grundlag i videre Forstand skal der her føjes et Par Bemxrkninger om Konferencens Forhistorie og dens Grundlag i snævrere Forstand: Det af den forberedende Afrustningskommission udarbejdede Konventionsudkast.
Beyond "Activism-Lite"?: Issues in Japanese Participation in Peace Operations
Authors: Aoi Chiyuki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article discusses legal, political, and institutional issues arising out of Japan's past involvement in international peace and stability missions. Seeking to identify potential strengths and limitations, it focuses on the experience and features of the international missions of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Although the JSDF has proved successful in conducting its assignments on a tactical level, some of the limitations inherent in the JSDF modus operandi—to a large extent imposed by domestic legal system—are nonetheless serious in light of changing operational environments. These limitations are due to lack of consensus in the Japanese political debate on what constitutes the strategic priorities of Japanese security, as well as the indeterminate public attitudes towards these issues. It should be noted, however, that the resulting "activism lite" approach is increasingly untenable if Japan is to remain a credible ally and partner in the international community.
Marching for a More Open, Confident and Responsible Great Power: Explaining China's Involvement in UN Peacekeeping Operations
Authors: Tiewa Liu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article briefly reviews and explains China's expanding involvement in UN Peace Keeping Operations, especially after the end of the Cold War. The reader will see the political issues arising from the peacekeeping operations of China, including perceptions, guidelines, principles and main concerns. China's evolving posture and capacity prepares it for future participation in UN peacekeeping operations and highlights China's reaction to the demands of its increased integration into the international community. China's involvement in UN PKO is examined from the perspective of mainstream IR theories. The article concludes by asserting that in the new century China will function as a more open, confident and responsible permanent member of the Security Council through its contributions to UN Peace Keeping Operations.
The ASEAN Charter and the Promotion of R2P in Southeast Asia: Challenges and Constraints
Authors: Morada Noel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article examines the ASEAN Charter's provisions that relate to the promotion of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principles in Southeast Asia. It argues that the Charter essentially upholds the state-centered norms and traditions of ASEAN more than it provides for the transformation of the Association into a more people-centered regional organization. It also looks into the specific challenges and constraints faced by advocates of promoting human rights protection and R2P principles in the region, notwithstanding the limitations of the ASEAN Charter. Specifically, the article points to the importance of constituency-building at the national and regional levels, even as it also underscores the need to continue engaging in meaningful dialogue ASEAN bureaucrats on a range of people-centered security concerns.
The Burma Cyclone and the Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Cohen Roberta 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInternational consensus has developed that R2P should not have been applied to Burma when it denied access to the victims of Cyclone Nargis. The author argues that Burma could well have been an R2P case under whose umbrella political and humanitarian action could have been mobilized. Needed are effective criteria for deciding in which situations the Security Council should act and performance standards for measuring government responses to natural disasters so that populations can be better protected.
R2P and the Role of Regional Organisations in Ethnic Conflict Management, Prevention and Resolution: The Unfinished Agenda
Authors: Carment David , Fischer Martin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Responsibility to Protect (hereafter R2P) agendas have established a fairly high threshold for engagement by third parties in ethnic conflict when seen through the lens of direct intervention by means of force or coercion in order to mitigate overt forms of ethnic conflict such as ethnic cleansing and genocide. The absence of regional organisation activity in this area is understandable given the enormous political and financial costs associated with intervention. Yet the R2P agenda also carries with it a preventive component, and in this regard there is reason to be a little more optimistic. Ten years ago on the advice of the Brahimi Report, investments were made by most regional organisations to strengthen capacity for preventive action. In this article, we return to the question of whether and how regional organisations can or do conduct themselves in a manner consistent with the R2P's preventive component. The article unfolds in four sections. In the first part, we assess the role of regional organisations in implementing the R2P agendas. We begin with an identification of each regional organisation that either implicitly or explicitly references the R2P framework in their mandates, charters and doctrine. These organisations include the OSCE, the AU, the OAS, SAARC, ECOWAS, and ASEAN among others. Second, we provide a comparative framework that specifies the ways in which R2P is reflected in the activities of each regional organisation, with reference to capacity building, charter development, preventive diplomacy, direct engagement, and conflict management. This evaluative framework allows us to determine if there has been any shift in the way in which these organisations conduct themselves with respect to R2P principles. In the third part of the article we assess the Darfur case to illustrate our evaluative framework. The question we ask is: are the actions of the organisations involved in these conflicts consistent with R2P in its preventive as well as its interventionist interpretations? In the fourth and final section we conclude with implications for theory and policy and make some recommendations for future research.
Reconciling R2P with IDP Protection
Authors: Cohen Roberta 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlthough R2P developed in large measure from efforts to design an international system to protect internally displaced persons (IDPs), its application may not always work to the benefit of displaced persons. Challenges have arisen, most notably R2P's limited application, the narrowness of its scope, the exclusion of disaster IDPs, the sidelining of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, the tensions between human rights and humanitarian goals, R2P's equation with military action and the limits of coercive intervention. To ensure that IDPs gain from this landmark concept, special strategies will be needed to reconcile R2P with IDP protection.
R2P or Not R2P? More Statebuilding, Less Responsibility
Authors: Chandler David 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article is part of a forum on the report of the United Nations Secretary-General, 'Implementing the Responsibility to Protect', which was released on 12 January 2009. The report was written as a response to 'one of the cardinal challenges of our time, as posed in paragraphs 138 and 139 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome: operationalizing the responsibility to protect'. The forum seeks to provide a range of perspectives on the report. It features contributions from Jennifer Welsh, Hugo Slim, David Chandler and Monica Serrano, and it concludes with a response from Special Advisor to the Secretary-General Edward Luck.
A Response
Authors: Luck Edward 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article is part of a forum on the report of the United Nations Secretary-General, 'Implementing the Responsibility to Protect', which was released on 12 January 2009. The report was written as a response to 'one of the cardinal challenges of our time, as posed in paragraphs 138 and 139 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome: operationalizing the responsibility to protect'. The forum seeks to provide a range of perspectives on the report. It features contributions from Jennifer Welsh, Hugo Slim, David Chandler and Monica Serrano, and it concludes with a response from Special Advisor to the Secretary-General Edward Luck.