bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential residues in diterpene synthases for biosynthesis of oryzalexins A‐F in rice phytoalexin
Authors: Miwa Takumi , Ishikawa Oto , Takeda‐Kimura Yuri , Toyomasu Tomonobu 
Published: May 2024

Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) produces a variety of diterpenoid‐type phytoalexins. Diterpene synthase genes that are responsible for the biosynthesis of momilactones, phytocassanes, and oryzalexins have been identified in O. sativa cv. Nipponbare. OsKSL10 (Os12t0491800 in RAP and LOC_Os12g30824 in MSU) was previously identified as an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of ent‐copalyl diphosphate to ent‐sandaracopimaradiene for the production of oryzalexins A to F. Our previous study on Oryza rufipogon, a wild progenitor of Asian cultivated rice, showed that both OrKSL10 and OrKSL10ind from O. rufipogon accessions W1943 and W0106, respectively, closely related to the japonica and indica subspecies, converted ent‐copalyl diphosphate to ent‐miltiradiene. Thus, the functional conversion of ent‐miltiradiene synthase into ent‐sandaracopimaradiene synthase is implied to have occurred through natural amino acid mutations, the details of which have not been elucidated. In this study, we show that introduction of A654G substitution into OrKSL10 significantly alters its function into more closely resembling that of OsKSL10. Moreover, double substitution V546I/A654G almost completely converts the function of OrKSL10 into that of OsKSL10. On the other hand, the reversed substitution I546V/G654A was insufficient to convert the function of OsKSL10 into OrKSL10, indicating the introduction of additional substitution S522I is required for the functionality of OsKSL10. Lastly, point mutations at the 654A residue in OrKSL10 suggest that hydrophobic side chains at this position have a negative influence on the production of ent‐sandaracopimaradiene.
The interplay of politics and space: How elected politicians shape place‐based policies and outcomes
Authors: Bourdin Sebastien 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper explores how elected politicians' decisions impact place‐based policies (PBPs) and the resulting consequences. It emphasises that understanding the political factors influencing PBPs offers insights into their effectiveness and potential pitfalls. The article draws upon the behavioural political economy theory, suggesting that political decisions often deviate from the purely rational due to cognitive biases and social influences. It examines the critical role of territorial intermediation, explores the potential discord between policy designs and ground realities, and investigates how broader political dynamics shape these trajectories. Additionally, the article probes the obstacles, including psychological, institutional and contextual factors, that may hinder policy implementation. In conclusion, the article proposes new avenues of research in regional, urban and planning studies that highlight the complexity of the political processes influencing these policies and calls for a multidimensional analysis of these processes.
Application of the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology to core needle biopsies of the parotid gland
Authors: Israel Anna‐Karoline , Griffith Christopher C 
Published: May 2024

AimsThe Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology was developed by an international group of experts and first published in 2018 with the goal to standardise reporting of salivary gland aspirates. Seven categories with distinct risks of malignancy were proposed. Core needle biopsies (CNB) of salivary glands are also common, but reporting lacks standardisation. Here we explore the feasibility of a Milan‐like reporting system on CNB of the parotid gland.Methods and resultsOur laboratory information system was searched for parotid gland CNBs from 2010 to 2021. Reports were translated into a Milan‐like reporting system. When available, CNB findings were correlated with cytology and resection specimens. In order to compare the performance of CNB with fine‐needle aspirations (FNA), we established a second cohort of cases consisting of parotid FNA with surgical follow‐up. The risk of neoplasia (RON) and risk of malignancy (ROM) was calculated for FNA and CNB Milan categories using cases with follow‐up resection. We analysed 100 cases of parotid gland CNB. Of these cases, 32 underwent subsequent resection, while 52 had concurrent FNA. A total of 20 cases had concurrent FNA and underwent follow‐up resection. In 63 (63%) cases, a specific diagnosis was provided on CNB, with 18 cases undergoing follow‐up resection having an accuracy rate of 94%.ConclusionsThis study confirms the feasible of using a Milan‐like system in the setting of parotid gland CNB with differentiation in RON and ROM. CNB allows assessment of architectural features that may allow more specific diagnoses in some cases.
The effect of oral massage intervention on oral hygiene at home care
Authors: Chen I‐Chen , Lin Chi‐Te , Hsu Po‐Ya , Pai Lee‐Wen , Yu Chuan‐Hang , Liu Hsin‐Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionOral hygiene for individuals with disabilities living at home heavily relies on caregiver assistance. This study investigates differences in mouth opening, dental plaque index and halitosis grade among home‐dwelling individuals with and without oral massage intervention. It is important to consider that extended bedridden periods, the presence of nasogastric tubes and difficulties in mouth opening can affect caregivers' oral cleaning effectiveness.MethodThis single‐blind controlled experiment spanned 12 weeks. Primary caregivers underwent a 15‐ to 20‐min demonstration. The experimental group received guidance on the Bass brushing method, instructions for using oral cleaning tools and training in oral massage. The control group received guidance on the Bass brushing method and instructions for oral cleaning tools. Measurement tools included basic participant information, oral examination records, mouth opening assessments, dental plaque index evaluations and halitosis ratings.ResultsThe study included 38 subjects, all over 80 years old with disabilities. Dental plaque index significantly improved after massage (p = 0.001). Compared to their pre‐massage conditions, the experimental group showed significant improvements in maximum mouth opening (11.65–20.71 mm, p = 0.001), dental plaque index (98.04%–59.74%, p < 0.0001) and halitosis rating (4.12–3.76, p = 0.034).ConclusionsOral massage effectively improved mouth opening, reduced the dental plaque index and lowered halitosis ratings in the experimental group, underscoring its positive impact on oral hygiene. The study's insights can significantly benefit oral care for individuals with disabilities living at home.
Should we be concerned about the use of non‐fluoride toothpaste? A survey study in two European countries
Authors: Maldupa Ilze , Narbutaite Julija , Stanceviciene Egle , Viduskalne Ilona , Kalnina Julija , Kronina Liga , Brinkmane Anda , Senakola Egita , Uribe Sergio E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundToothpastes available in Europe contain a range of fluoride concentrations, with some meeting the recommended level for caries prevention (>1000 ppm fluoride (ppm)) and others containing low or no fluoride. This study evaluated toothpaste fluoride concentrations in Latvia and Lithuania to inform targeted public health strategies in regions with a high prevalence of dental caries.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted from May 2019 to May 2020, using a validated questionnaire in Latvia and Lithuania. Nationally representative samples (1309 families and 5436 members) provided data through a mixed‐mode survey (paper and online) on sociodemographic information, toothpaste type, brand, and type. Descriptive statistics and chi‐square tests (p < 0.05) were used for analysis.ResultsFifteen percent of families used non‐fluoridated toothpaste and 12% used <1000 part per million (ppm) fluoride. In Latvia, 56.8% of preschoolers and 28.7% of schoolchildren used <1000 ppm or non‐fluoride toothpaste, whereas in Lithuania, 47.2% of preschoolers and 29.1% of schoolchildren used <1000 ppm or non‐fluoride toothpaste; 63% of adolescents and 73% of adults used toothpaste with optimal fluoride content (≥1000 ppm). Of the 228 registered toothpaste types, 62% contained more than 1000 ppm, which is optimal for caries prevention; 29% of Latvian and 24% of Lithuanian families used at least one non‐fluoridated toothpaste.ConclusionThis study revealed significant gaps in the use of fluoride toothpaste among families in Latvia and Lithuania, especially among children. To effectively prevent dental caries, targeted interventions, and education must promote optimal fluoride toothpaste use, particularly among vulnerable populations.
Impact of ultrasonication on physicochemical, morphological, thermal, pasting, and pasta quality attributes of black wheat starch
Authors: Panghal Anil , Kumar Rajesh , Bishnoi Priya , Rana Divya , Chhikara Navnidhi 
Published: May 2024

SummaryUltrasonication is a novel, green, and sustainable method to modify the native starch for improved functionality and pronounced industrial applications. In the present study, the impact of ultrasonication power (40%, 50%, and 60%) on black wheat starch was observed on functional and pasta‐making attributes. Ultrasonication induced surface and microstructural alterations with minimal impact on the overall integrity of starch granules. The sound waves disrupted starch granules through cavitation and starch degradation by radial attack. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that ultrasonication disrupted the starch granules and a porous structure was developed. The treatment induced fissures and pores formation leading to structural rearrangements without any impact at the molecular level. With the increment in the power of ultrasonication, the scratching and fissures on the starch granules are increased which further modifies the starch functionality. Due to structural disruption of long amylopectin helices into short‐chain amylopectin and dextrin resulted in a more crystalline structure of starch, the results were supported by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. This alteration in starch structure increased the amylose concentration, solubility, and swelling capacity of modified starch. Pasta prepared with modified starch shows improved cooking and textural properties.
Evaluation of in vitro colonisation and immunomodulation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarumL3 microcapsules after subjected to yoghurt storage
Authors: Gao Jiaxu , Hu Yingxi , Yan Shuqin , Qi Fuling , Li Xiuliang , Sun Qingshen 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThis work aimed to evaluate the in vitro adhesive and immunoregulative effects of water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) microencapsulated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L3 after subjected to yoghurt stress. The W/O/W microencapsulated L. plantarum L3 was prepared and dropped into fresh milk with commercial starters (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus). The yoghurt was prepared and stored at 4 °C for 21 days. The effects of yoghurt storage and simulated gastrointestinal treatment on the in vitro adhesive and immunomodulatory activities of L. plantarum L3 were investigated. Results showed that the hydrophobicity, auto‐aggregation and biofilm synthesis ability of L. plantarum L3 were improved after yoghurt storage but in a storage time‐dependent manner. The maximum coaggregation coefficients with S. aureus and E. coli were higher than 20%. L. plantarum L3 increased the viability and phagocytosis of mouse RAW264.7 cells, whereas the secretion of NO and proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS was significantly reduced. In conclusion, yoghurt was a promising vehicle for delivering W/O/W L. plantarum L3 to the intestinal tract.
Gelatin hydrolysate in freeze–thawed shrimp model system: retardation of weight loss and muscle protein denaturation
Authors: Kittiphattanabawon Phanat , Temdee Wattana , Maqsood Sajid , Visessanguan Wonnop , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThis research explores the cryoprotective potential of gelatin hydrolysate by determining weight loss and physicochemical changes in the muscle protein of freeze–thawed shrimp. Shrimp treated with gelatin hydrolysate exhibited significantly higher and lower weight gain (9.20%) than those treated with distilled water (0.93%) and mixed phosphates (16.99%), respectively. Gelatin hydrolysate could lower the increasing rate of thawing and cooking loss and freezable water content in freeze–thawed shrimp (P < 0.05) and comparable to those of mixed phosphates treated shrimp (P > 0.05). As the shrimp were subjected to freeze–thawing, gelatin hydrolysate slowed the decline of protein solubility and Ca2+‐ATPase activity and mitigated the rise of surface hydrophobicity and disulfide bond content. It also delayed the shear force increase. These findings suggest that gelatin hydrolysate could be an effective alternative to traditional cryoprotectants, retarding weight loss and protein denaturation to preserve shrimp quality during freezing and frozen storage.
FOXO3 suppresses lymphoma progression through promoting miR‐34b/HSPG2 axis
Authors: Tao Shi , Huang Qianlei , Zhou Weilun , Chen Jing , Man Yuxuan , Chen Lang , Chen Yu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoma, which caused many patients to lose their precious lives. FOXO3 was a suppressor in various cancers, however, the role and mechanism of FOXO3 in DLBCL remain unclear.MethodsBioinformatics analysis was used to offer information FOXO3 expression and its expression for prognosis of DLBCL patients. The abundance of genes and proteins was evaluated using RT‐qPCR and western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis was detected by CCK‐8 and flow cytometry. The interactions among FOXO3, miR‐34b, and HSPG2 were predicted by TransmiR and Starbase and validated using dual luciferase reporter assay, ChIP assay, and RIP assay.ResultsOur findings revealed that FOXO3 expression was abnormally declined in DLBCL cells. FOXO3 upregulation restrained cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis of DLBCL cells, while miR‐34b inhibitor eliminated these influences. Similarly, miR‐34b mimic suppressed malignant behaviors of DLBCL cells, which were abolished by HSPG2 overexpression. Mechanically, FOXO3 induced miR‐34b expression through interacting with miR‐34b promoter and HSPG2 was a targeted gene of miR‐34b.ConclusionFOXO3 attenuated the capability of cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis rate of DLBCL cells through affecting miR‐34b/HSPG2 axis, therefore inhibiting DLBCL progression.
Interim 2023/2024 Season Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Primary and Secondary Care in the United Kingdom
Authors: Whitaker Heather , Findlay Beth , Zitha Jana , Goudie Rosalind , Hassell Katie , Evans Josie , Kalapotharakou Panoraia , Agrawal Utkarsh , Kele Beatrix , Hamilton Mark , Moore Catherine , Byford Rachel , Stowe Julia , Robertson Chris , Couzens Anastasia , Jamie Gavin , Hoschler Katja , Pheasant Kathleen , Button Elizabeth , Quinot Catherine , Jones Tim , Anand Sneha , Watson Conall , Andrews Nick , de Lusignan Simon , Zambon Maria , Williams Christopher , Cottrell Simon , Marsh Kimberly , McMenamin Jim , Lopez Bernal Jamie 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe report 2023/2024 season interim influenza vaccine effectiveness for three studies, namely, primary care in Great Britain, hospital settings in Scotland and hospital settings in England.MethodsA test negative design was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness.ResultsEstimated vaccine effectiveness against all influenzas ranged from 63% (95% confidence interval 46 to 75%) to 65% (41 to 79%) among children aged 2–17, from 36% (20 to 49%) to 55% (43 to 65%) among adults 18–64 and from 40% (29 to 50%) to 55% (32 to 70%) among adults aged 65 and over.ConclusionsDuring a period of co‐circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) in the United Kingdom, evidence for effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in both children and adults was found.
Determinants of the growing material footprints along the Belt and Road
Authors: Zhang Danyang , Feng Kuishuang , Zhou Peng , Wang Hui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has induced immense material consumption and environmental threats while fostering economic development along participating countries. Quantifying recent trends of the material footprint of BRI economies and identifying potential drivers are vital to inform sustainable resource use. However, an assessment on the determinants of BRI material consumption from an economic system viewpoint is lacking in the literature. To fill this gap, this study proposes a multi‐region structural decomposition analysis model to assess the drivers of material footprints in BRI economies. To scrutinize the effects of transitioning economic structures, the effects of domestic and cross‐border production activities are separated. The latter is further characterized by production technology and sourcing structure. Using global multi‐region input–output tables of 2005–2015, this study reveals that shifting international sourcing patterns boosted BRI material footprint, with rising intermediate goods and services sourced from BRI regions substituting those from North America and the European Union. Capital formation in the construction sector took the primary role in driving BRI material footprint growth, followed by manufacturing sectors, especially since 2013. Disparities in the key drivers of material footprints have been identified among developed, emerging, and least developed economies. The results have relevant policy implications regarding alleviating BRI material pressure, including fostering material‐efficient demand patterns, facilitating environmental technology improvements in local countries, and establishing stringent governance on material usage.
Towards a social determination of health framework for understanding climate disruption and health‐disease processes
Authors: Hasemann Lara José Enrique , Díaz de León Alejandra , Daser Deniz , Doering‐White John , Frank‐Vitale Amelia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe compare the social determinants of health (SDOH) and the social determination of health (SDET) from the school of Latin American Social Medicine/Collective Health. Whereas SDET acknowledges how capitalist rule continues to shape global structures and public health concerns, SDOH proffers neoliberal solutions that obscure much of the violence and dispossession that influence contemporary migration and health‐disease experiences. Working in simultaneous ethnographic teams, the researchers here interviewed Honduran migrants in their respective sites of Honduras, Mexico, and the United States. These interlocutors connected their experiences of disaster and health‐disease to lack of economic resources and political corruption. Accordingly, we provide an elucidation of the liberal and dehumanizing foundations of SDOH by relying on theorizations from Africana philosophy and argue that the social determination of health model better captures the intersecting historical inequalities that structure relationships between climate, health‐disease, and violence.
A moral economy of care: How clinical discourses perpetuate Indigenous‐specific discrimination and racism in western Canadian emergency departments
Authors: Muller da Silva Megan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent research has unveiled the pervasiveness with which Indigenous patients are subjected to racialized stereotypes within the Canadian health system. Because discrimination in health care is associated with poor health outcomes and undertreated illness, there is a need to better understand how racism is perpetuated systemically in order to rectify the policies, practices, and attitudes that enable it. This article outlines a moral economy of care in emergency departments in western Canada by exploring the discourses that medical professionals employ when discussing cases of medical racism. While these discourses respond to the everyday realities of working in hospitals, they are also rooted in the colonial genealogy of health care in Canada and perpetuated by neoliberal shifts in health care services. By exploring the moral economy of care, this article sheds light on the way pervasive discourses contribute to reproducing and circulating Indigenous‐specific racism and its role in decision‐making.
Does photobiomodulation alter mitochondrial dynamics?
Authors: Trajano Larissa Alexsandra da Silva Neto , Siqueira Priscyanne Barreto , Rodrigues Mariana Moreno de Sousa , Pires Bruno Ricardo Barreto , da Fonseca Adenilson de Souza , Mencalha Andre Luiz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction is one of the leading causes of disease development. Dysfunctional mitochondria limit energy production, increase reactive oxygen species generation, and trigger apoptotic signals. Photobiomodulation is a noninvasive, nonthermal technique involving the application of monochromatic light with low energy density, inducing non‐thermal photochemical effects at the cellular level, and it has been used due to its therapeutic potential. This review focuses on the mitochondrial dynamic's role in various diseases, evaluating the possible therapeutic role of low‐power lasers (LPL) and light‐emitting diodes (LED). Studies increasingly support that mitochondrial dysfunction is correlated with severe neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Charcot–Marie‐Tooth diseases. Furthermore, a disturbance in mitofusin activity is also associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The effects of PBM on mitochondrial dynamics have been observed in cells using a human fibroblast cell line and in vivo models of brain injury, diabetes, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, and skin injury. Thus, new therapies aiming to improve mitochondrial dynamics are clinically relevant. Several studies have demonstrated that LPL and LED can be important therapies to improve health conditions when there is dysfunction in mitochondrial dynamics.
The exposure of nonhuman living organisms to mobile communication emissions: A survey to establish European stakeholders’ policy option preferences
Authors: Recuero Virto Laura , Thielens Arno , Czerwiński Marek , Froidevaux Jérémy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere is an unprecedented exposure of living organisms to mobile communications radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF‐EMF) emissions. Guidelines on exposure thresholds to limit thermal effects from these emissions are restricted to humans. However, tissue heating can occur in all living organisms that are exposed. In addition, exposure at millimetric frequencies used by 5G may impact surface tissues and organs of plants and small‐size species. It is also expected that the addition of 5G to existing networks will intensify radiofrequency absorption by living organisms.A European Parliament report proposed policy options on the effects of RF‐EMF exposure of plants, animals, and other living organisms in the context of 5G: funding more research, implementing monitoring networks, accessing more information from operators on antennas and EMF emissions, and developing compliance studies when antennas are installed. However, there is no evidence on the preferences of relevant stakeholders regarding these policy options. This paper reports the findings of a survey of key European stakeholders’ policy option preferences based on the European Parliament's report. It reveals a broad consensus on funding more research on the effects of exposure of plants, animals, and other living organisms to EMFs. It also highlights the need for deliberation concerning the other policy options that could provide solutions for regulatory authorities, central administrations, the private sector, nongovernmental associations and advocates, and academics. Such deliberation would pave the way for effective solutions, focusing on long‐term output from funding research, and enabling short‐term socially and economically acceptable actions for all parties concerned.