bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a practical definition of professional behaviour
Authors: Rogers Wendy , Ballantyne Angela 
Published: March 2010

ContextProfessionalism remains a challenging part of the medical curriculum to define, teach and evaluate. We suggest that one way to meet these challenges is to clarify the definition of professionalism and distinguish this from medical ethics.MethodsOur analysis is two staged. First, we reviewed influential definitions of professionalism and separated elements relating to (a) ethico-legal competencies, (b) clinical competence and (c) professionalism. In reference to professionalism, we then distinguished between aspirational virtues/values and specific behaviours. From these, we develop a working definition of medical professional behaviour consisting of six domains of behaviour: responsibility; relationships with and respect for patients; probity and honesty; self awareness and capacity for reflection; collaboration and team work; and care of colleagues. Second, we tested this working definition against empirical data concerning disciplinary action against practising doctors using (a) sources in the literature and (b) an original analysis of complaints received by the Medical Board of South Australia.ConclusionOur empirical analysis supports the relevance of four of the six potential domains: responsibility; relationships with and respect for patients; probity and honesty; self awareness and capacity for reflection. There are additional reasons for retaining ‘collaboration and team work’ in the medical professional behaviour curriculum but ‘care of colleagues’ may be better addressed in the ethico-legal curriculum. Our definition of professional behaviour is consistent with the theoretical literature, captures behaviours that predict future complaints against practitioners and is consistent with current complaints about professionalism in South Australian practitioners. This definition can further the teaching and assessing of professional behaviour in medical schools.
Patterns and magnitude of Zn:Ca in otoliths support the recent phylogenetic typology of Salmoniformes and their sister groups
Authors: Limburg Karin E. , Elfman Mikael 
Published: March 2010

Fish otolith chemistries are used to associate fishes with specific environments. However, otolith chemistry may also have potential as a tool in phylogenetic research, as demonstrated here in salmoniform fishes and related taxa. Two-dimensional maps of Zn:Ca otolith chemistry displayed annual oscillations in magnitude in members of the Salmoniformes (with salmons differing from whitefishes). These are also detectable in esocids, but not strongly in osmerids or in more distantly related taxa. Further, Zn:Ca magnitudes were highest in salmonids and declined in other taxa: salmonids (salmons, grayling, and whitefishes) > esocids > osmerids > other. We performed spatial analysis on sagittal section Zn:Ca maps, dividing them into five zones and obtaining means within each zone, as well as grand means. Discriminant function analysis of the different otolith zones was better able to separate taxonomic groups, but showed pike grouping more closely with salmonids and osmerids with the out-group. Zn:Ca incorporation in otoliths may be a trait under phylogenetic control, and recent re-ordering of the systematics of Salmoniformes and their sister groups may be supported by otolith Zn:Ca chemistry.
Assessing the impact of current and projected climates on Douglas-Fir productivity in British Columbia, Canada, using a process-based model (3-PG)
Authors: Coops Nicholas C. , Hember Robbie A. , Waring Richard H. 
Published: March 2010

Predicted climate change is expected to significantly affect tree growth in many areas. We used a process-based model (Physiological Principles for Predicting Growth, 3-PG) to evaluate how climatic variation might alter growth of Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii ) across biogeoclimatic zones in British Columbia. The results indicate that there will be significant changes in site index (defined as the height (in metres) of dominant trees at 50 years) over this century. In the interior, a reduction in site index is likely, particularly in stands with mid-range values of site index (25–30 m), with many of the interior bioecoclimatic zones predicted to experience a gradual mean decrease in site index by up to 10%. Individual sites may decrease by as much as 40% from current values. In contrast, site index along the coast overall is predicted to increase to a maximum of 43 m by 2080. In the Coastal Western Hemlock zone, however, mean site index is likely to increase from 26 m to only 34 m. We believe that combining process-based models with fine-spatial resolution climate forecasts offers a viable approach to assess future changes in forest productivity.
Sapflow and water use of freshwater wetland trees exposed to saltwater incursion in a tidally influenced South Carolina watershed
Authors: Krauss Ken W. , Duberstein Jamie A. 
Published: March 2010

Sea-level rise and anthropogenic activity promote salinity incursion into many tidal freshwater forested wetlands. Interestingly, individual trees can persist for decades after salt impact. To understand why, we documented sapflow (Js), reduction in Jswith sapwood depth, and water use (F) of baldcypress ( Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) trees undergoing exposure to salinity. The mean Jsof individual trees was reduced by 2.8 g H2O·m–2·s–1(or by 18%) in the outer sapwood on a saline site versus a freshwater site; however, the smallest trees, present only on the saline site, also registered the lowest Js. Hence, tree size significantly influenced the overall site effect on Js. Trees undergoing perennial exposure to salt used greater relative amounts of water in outer sapwood than in inner sapwood depths, which identifies a potentially different strategy for baldcypress trees coping with saline site conditions over decades. Overall, individual trees used 100 kg H2O·day–1on a site that remained relatively fresh versus 23.9 kg H2O·day–1on the saline site. We surmise that perennial salinization of coastal freshwater forests forces shifts in individual-tree osmotic balance and water-use strategy to extend survival time on suboptimal sites, which further influences growth and morphology.
A Note on nedārî in Ex 15:6
Authors: Butts Aaron Michael 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIt is argued that a longstanding crux interpretum can be solved by analyzing the final ī in nedārî (Ex 15:6) as a relic of the feminine morpheme *ī, which is found elsewhere in the Semitic languages. This analysis provides a further piece of evidence in favor of the early dating of Ex 15:1‐18.
The Birth of Political Subjects: Individuals, Foucault, and Boundary Experiences
Authors: Scott Charles E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn a context of experiences in which events become apparent that encroach upon mainstream and reasonable good sense, this paper gives an account of the emergence of political subjects into public domains that make possible new knowledge and personal and institutional transformations. A statement by Simone de Beauvoir and engagement with Michel Foucault’s interpretation of “limit experiences” help to orient the paper. The essay ends with a discussion of certain types of power and the birth of political subjects.
The Covenant with Mut: A New Interpretation of Isaiah 28:1-22
Authors: Hays Christopher B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMany difficulties and perplexities in Isa 28:1-22 can be resolved by reading the text as a condemnation of the Judeans’ seeking protection from Assyria by means of a covenant with one of Egypt’s major deities, the mother goddess Mut. Her close association with the Egyptian throne would have given her the “right” to make a covenant; her protective aspect explains why those in distress would seek her; her motherhood explains why the Judeans who seek her are characterized as children; the prominence of drunkenness and flowers in her cult explains the appearance of those elements in Isaiah 28. She also was associated with the underworld as a protectress of the dead, and it is likely that her name sounded very much like the Hebrew word , “death”, making Isaiah’s double entendre a natural play on words. Other features of the text such as the overwhelming flood refer to the Neo-Assyrians; Isaiah warns that Egypt and Mut cannot protect Judah from their assault.
Erklärung der wichtigsten “demographischen” Zahlen des Numeribuches aus ihrem kompositionellen Zusammenhang
Authors: Ziemer Benjamin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe “demographic” figures in Numbers are explained as an integral part of a numerical system, which keeps together the Pentateuchal composition. The figure of 79 explicitly named fathers of tribes and clans in Israel in Num 26 is crucial for this approach. Furthermore, one has to consider the history of reception in Qumran and in Rabbinic Judaism in which the officers according to Ex 18 and Dtn 1 are combined with the large number of Israelites or with the census itself. It is shown that Israel had to number exactly 603550 men in order to get an executive staff of exactly 79079 persons when departing from Mt. Sinai. Similarly, the figure 79 underlies the data concerning the death toll by reason of the mgph during the wanderings, the officers according to the second census, and, last not least, the global chronological system of the Pentateuch.
An ecological momentary assessment of the physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns of university students
Authors: Rouse Peter C , Biddle Stuart J H 
Published: March 2010

Objective We used ecological momentary assessment to understand the physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns of university students. Study design Cross sectional, opportunistic sample from a university in the English midlands. Methods Ecological momentary assessment diaries were completed every 15 minutes across two days. The sample comprised 46 males (mean age 20.2 years) and 38 females (mean age 19.5 years). The majority of participants were undergraduates (96.5 per cent) and white European (85 per cent). Results Although ‘studying’ was the predominant behaviour (280 minutes), students spent time conducting a range of behaviours including ‘watching television’ (79.9 minutes), ‘sitting and talking’ (72.1 minutes) and ‘hanging out’ (64.0 minutes). Repeated measure ANOVAs revealed a significant gender effect for some behaviours with ‘studying’ [ F(1,82) = 10.50, p < .006] and ‘computer game playing’ [ F(1,82) = 7.97, p < .006] being higher in males, and ‘sitting and talking’ [ F(1,82) = 24.49, p < .006] higher in females. Pearson correlations suggested that sedentary behaviours compete with each other for students’ time. A significant small negative relationship existed between sedentary technology behaviours and physical activity for males ( r = -.217) but not for females ( r = -.182). Conclusions Students participate in a range of sedentary behaviours that differ by gender. Results question public perception that selected sedentary behaviours, such as ‘watching television’, are responsible for declining levels of sport and exercise participation in this age group. Implications for interventions are considered.
Evaluation of Cartilage Repair Tissue after Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation Using a Hyaluronic-Based or a Collagen-Based Scaffold with Morphological MOCART Scoring and Biochemical T2 Mapping
Authors: Hannes Welsch Goetz , Mamisch Tallal Charles , Zak Lukas , Blanke Matthias , Olk Alexander , Marlovits Stefan , Trattnig Siegfried 
Published: March 2010

Background In cartilage repair, bioregenerative approaches using tissue engineering techniques have tried to achieve a close resemblance to hyaline cartilage, which might be visualized using advanced magnetic resonance imaging. Purpose To compare cartilage repair tissue at the femoral condyle noninvasively after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation using Hyalograft C, a hyaluronic-based scaffold, to cartilage repair tissue after transplantation using CaReS, a collagen-based scaffold, with magnetic resonance imaging using morphologic scoring and T2 mapping. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Twenty patients after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (Hyalograft C, n = 10; CaReS, n = 10) underwent 3-T magnetic resonance imaging 24 months after surgery. Groups were matched by age and defect size/localization. For clinical outcome, the Brittberg score was assessed. Morphologic analysis was applied using the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue score, and global and zonal biochemical T2 mapping was performed to reflect biomechanical properties with regard to collagen matrix/content and hydration. Results The clinical outcome was comparable in each group. The magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue score showed slightly but not significantly (P = .210) better results in the CaReS group (76.5) compared to the Hyalograft C group (70.0), with significantly better (P = .004) constitution of the surface of the repair tissue in the CaReS group. Global T2 relaxation times (milliseconds) for healthy surrounding cartilage were comparable in both groups (Hyalograft C, 49.9; CaReS, 51.9; P = .398), whereas cartilage repair tissue showed significantly higher results in the CaReS group (Hyalograft C, 48.2; CaReS, 55.5; P = .011). Zonal evaluation showed no significant differences (P ≥ .05). Conclusion Most morphologic parameters provided comparable results for both repair tissues. However, differences in the surface and higher T2 values for the cartilage repair tissue that was based on a collagen scaffold (CaReS), compared to the hyaluronic-based scaffold, indicated differences in the composition of the repair tissue even 2 years postimplantation. Clinical Relevance In the follow-up of cartilage repair procedures using matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation, differences due to scaffolds have to be taken into account.
The mutation N528S in the von Willebrand factor (VWF) propeptide causes defective multimerization and storage of VWF
Authors: Haberichter Sandra L. , Budde Ulrich , Obser Tobias , Schneppenheim Sonja , Wermes Cornelia , Schneppenheim Reinhard 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
We characterized a consanguineous Turkish family suffering from von Willebrand disease (VWD) with significant mucocutaneous and joint bleeding. The relative reduction of large plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers and the absent VWF triplet structure was consistent with type 2A (phenotype IIC) VWD. Surprisingly, platelet VWF was completely deficient of multimers beyond the VWF protomer, suggesting defective α-granular storage of larger multimers. Patients were nearly unresponsive to desmopressin acetate, consistent with a lack of regulated VWF release from endothelial cell Weibel-Palade bodies, suggesting defective storage also in endothelial cells. We identified an N528S homozygous mutation in the VWF propeptide D2 domain, predicting the introduction of an additional N-glycosylation site at amino acid 526 in close vicinity to a “CGLC” disulphide isomerase consensus sequence. Expression studies in mammalian cells demonstrated that N528S-VWF was neither normally multimerized nor trafficked to storage granules. However, propeptide containing the N528S mutation trafficked normally to storage granules. Our data indicate that the patients' phenotype is the result of defective multimerization, storage, and secretion. In addition, we have identified a potentially novel pathogenic mechanism of VWD, namely a transportation and storage defect of mature VWF due to defective interaction with its transporter, the mutant propeptide.
mTOR and GSK-3 shape the CD4+ T-cell stimulatory and differentiation capacity of myeloid DCs after exposure to LPS
Authors: Turnquist Hēth R. , Cardinal Jon , Macedo Camila , Rosborough Brian R. , Sumpter Tina L. , Geller David A. , Metes Diana , Thomson Angus W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractProlonged inhibition of the kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), during myeloid dendritic cell (DC) generation confers resistance to maturation. Recently, however, mTOR inhibition immediately before Toll-like receptor ligation has been found to exert proinflammatory effects on myeloid cells, notably enhanced IL-12p40/p70 production. We show, for the first time, that mouse or human DCs generated under mTOR inhibition exhibit markedly enhanced IL-12p70 production after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, despite impaired costimulatory molecule expression and poor T-cell stimulatory ability. Consistent with this finding, we reveal that increased IL-12p40 production occurs predominantly in CD86lo immature DCs. High IL-12p40/p70 production by CD86lo DC resulted from failed down-regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity and could not be ascribed to enhanced Akt function. Despite high IL-12p70 secretion, rapamycin-conditioned, LPS-stimulated DCs remained poor T-cell stimulators, failing to enhance allogeneic Th1 cell responses. We also report that inhibition of GSK-3 impedes the ability of LPS-stimulated DCs to induce forkhead box p3 in CD4+CD25− T cells, as does the absence of IL-12p40/p70. Thus, GSK-3 activity in DC is regulated via signaling linked to mTOR and modulates their capacity both to produce IL-12p40/p70 and induce forkhead box p3 in CD4+ T cells under inflammatory conditions.
High incidence of arterial thrombosis in young patients treated for multiple myeloma: results of a prospective cohort study
Authors: Libourel Eduard J. , Sonneveld Pieter , van der Holt Bronno , de Maat Moniek P. M. , Leebeek Frank W. G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis prospective study evaluated the risk of arterial thrombosis in 195 consecutive patients aged 18 to 65 years with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). All patients were treated with 3 cycles of VAD (vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone) or TAD (thalidomide-AD) or PAD (bortezomib-AD) in national trials, followed by high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation. For a period of 522 patient-years, 11 of the 195 patients (5.6%) developed arterial thrombosis. The highest incidence was seen during induction chemotherapy courses. Median age at onset of arterial thrombosis was 59 years (range, 43-65 years). Hypertension and smoking were significantly associated with arterial thrombosis with a relative risk of 11.7 (2.23-61.2) and 15.2 (1.78-130), respectively. Factor VIII levels (FVIII:C) correlated significantly with age (P = .02) and higher International Scoring System (ISS) stage (P = .001). A higher FVIII:C was associated with arterial thrombosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99-3.47) after adjustment for age, ISS score, and assigned treatment arm. MM patients have an increased risk for arterial thrombotic events during and after induction chemotherapy. Hypertension, smoking, and high factor VIII levels, possibly reflecting disease activity, contribute to the risk of arterial thrombosis.
TimeDelay-ARACNE: Reverse engineering of gene networks from time-course data by an information theoretic approach
Authors: Zoppoli Pietro , Morganella Sandro , Ceccarelli Michele 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundOne of main aims of Molecular Biology is the gain of knowledge about how molecular components interact each other and to understand gene function regulations. Using microarray technology, it is possible to extract measurements of thousands of genes into a single analysis step having a picture of the cell gene expression. Several methods have been developed to infer gene networks from steady-state data, much less literature is produced about time-course data, so the development of algorithms to infer gene networks from time-series measurements is a current challenge into bioinformatics research area. In order to detect dependencies between genes at different time delays, we propose an approach to infer gene regulatory networks from time-series measurements starting from a well known algorithm based on information theory.ResultsIn this paper we show how the ARACNE (Algorithm for the Reconstruction of Accurate Cellular Networks) algorithm can be used for gene regulatory network inference in the case of time-course expression profiles. The resulting method is called TimeDelay-ARACNE. It just tries to extract dependencies between two genes at different time delays, providing a measure of these dependencies in terms of mutual information. The basic idea of the proposed algorithm is to detect time-delayed dependencies between the expression profiles by assuming as underlying probabilistic model a stationary Markov Random Field. Less informative dependencies are filtered out using an auto calculated threshold, retaining most reliable connections. TimeDelay-ARACNE can infer small local networks of time regulated gene-gene interactions detecting their versus and also discovering cyclic interactions also when only a medium-small number of measurements are available. We test the algorithm both on synthetic networks and on microarray expression profiles. Microarray measurements concernS. cerevisiaecell cycle,E. coliSOS pathways and a recently developed network for in vivo assessment of reverse engineering algorithms. Our results are compared with ARACNE itself and with the ones of two previously published algorithms: Dynamic Bayesian Networks and systems of ODEs, showing that TimeDelay-ARACNE has good accuracy, recall andF-score for the network reconstruction task.ConclusionsHere we report the adaptation of the ARACNE algorithm to infer gene regulatory networks from time-course data, so that, the resulting network is represented as a directed graph. The proposed algorithm is expected to be useful in reconstruction of small biological directed networks from time course data.
Genome-wide comparative analysis of metacaspases in unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria
Authors: Jiang Qiao , Qin Song , Wu Qing-yu 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Cyanobacteria are an ancient group of photoautotrophic prokaryotes with wide variations in genome size and ecological habitat. Metacaspases (MCAs) are cysteine proteinases that have sequence homology to caspases and play essential roles in programmed cell death (PCD). MCAs have been identified in several prokaryotes, fungi and plants; however, knowledge about cyanobacterial metacaspases still remains obscure. With the availability of sequenced genomes of 33 cyanobacteria, we perform a comparative analysis of metacaspases and explore their distribution, domain structure and evolution.

Results
A total of 58 putative MCAs were identified, which are abundant in filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacteria and Acaryochloris marina MBIC 11017 and absent in all Prochlorococcus and marine Synechococcus strains, except Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. The Cys-His dyad of caspase superfamily is conserved, while mutations (Tyr in place of His and Ser/Asn/Gln/Gly instead of Cys) are also detected in some cyanobacteria. MCAs can be classified into two major families (α and β) based on the additional domain structure. Ten types and a total of 276 additional domains were identified, most of which involves in signal transduction. Apoptotic related NACHT domain was also found in two cyanobacterial MCAs. Phylogenetic tree of MCA catalytic P20 domains coincides well with the domain structure and the phylogenies based on 16s rRNA.

Conclusions
The existence and quantity of MCA genes in unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria are a function of the genome size and ecological habitat. MCAs of family α and β seem to evolve separately and the recruitment of WD40 additional domain occurs later than the divergence of the two families. In this study, a general framework of sequence-structure-function connections for the metacaspases has been revealed, which may provide new targets for function investigation.