bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐presentation in exercise: Changes over a 12‐week cardiovascular programme for overweight and obese sedentary females
Authors: Pearson Erin S. , Hall Craig R. , Gammage Kimberley L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSelf‐presentational concerns, shown to influence exercise‐related cognitions and behaviours, are evaluated frequently in the absence of exercise or following a single bout of physical activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine longitudinally, the extent to which participating in a structured 12‐week cardiovascular exercise intervention elicited changes in self‐presentational efficacy expectancy (SPEE) and social physique anxiety (SPA). Participants were 80 sedentary women with overweight or obesity (mean body mass index 29.02 kg/m2, SD=4.71) between the ages of 19 and 45 wanting to begin an exercise programme (mean age 33.4 years, SD=7.6). The Self‐Presentational Efficacy Scale (SPES) and the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) were completed by each participant prior to commencing the study, and at the 6‐ and 12‐week time points. For those who completed the programme, repeated measures ANOVAs indicated significant increases in SPEE between baseline and week 6 (P<0.001, η2=0.37), and week 6 to 12 (P<0.05, η2=0.10), while SPA decreased significantly between baseline and week 6 (P<0.01, η2=0.16). Bivariate correlation analyses revealed that length of participation in the study was positively related to SPEE and negatively related to SPA. Implications of focusing on these variables within a physical activity intervention are discussed with respect to exercise behaviour, programme development and adherence.
Athletes' precompetitive sleep behaviour and its relationship with subsequent precompetitive mood and performance
Authors: Lastella Michele , Lovell Geoff Peter , Sargent Charli 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis investigation examined precompetitive sleep behaviour of 103 athletes and how it relates to precompetitive mood and subsequent performance. Results revealed that on the night before competition athletes slept well under the recommended target of eight hours of sleep for healthy adults, with almost 70% of athletes experiencing poorer sleep than usual. It was found that anxiety, noise, the need to use the bathroom and early event times were amongst the most commonly reported causes of disrupted sleep in athletes on the night prior to competition. The negative moods of fatigue and tension were both significantly negatively correlated with precompetitive relative sleep quality (r = −0.28, P = 0.004, r = −0.21, P = 0.030, respectively) and total sleep time (r = −0.23, P = 0.023, r = −0.20, P = 0.044, respectively). Additionally, tension was positively correlated with number of awakenings (r = −0.20, P = 0.045). Vigour was seen to be significantly positively associated with relative sleep quality (r = 0.24, P=0.013). The relationships between relative sleep quality and fatigue, tension and vigour accounted for approximately 4 − 5% of the variance in mood scores. Disrupted sleep did not demonstrate any significant relationship with relative sporting performance. Conclusions from the present investigation are that athletes may be at particular risk of disrupted sleep on the night prior to competition, and this disruption can negatively relate to an athlete's precompetitive mood states.
Seasonal bias in editorial decisions for a physics journal: you should write when you like, but submit in July
Authors: SCHREIBER Michael 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTA recent discussion on possible seasonal bias in editorial decisions yielded discrepant results for different journals. All studies agreed that further investigations in different fields are necessary. In this article submission and acceptance data are analyzed using a sample that is much larger than the previously investigated datasets. Specifically all the 15,478 submissions to EPL (formerly Europhysics Letters) submitted within the 12 years from 1999 to 2010 are included. While trends in the yearly number of submitted papers can be seen, these are also reflected in the number of accepted and rejected papers. Monthly fluctuations in the rate of acceptance are strong; averaging over several years smoothes these fluctuations and shows a clear maximum in July. Even more conspicuous fluctuations are found for the acceptance time, i.e. the duration of the reviewing process. Averaging over several years shows that this process is longest for manuscripts submitted in January, May and October.
Diminished aversive classical conditioning in pathological gamblers
Authors: Brunborg Geir Scott , Johnsen Bjørn Helge , Mentzoni Rune Aune , Myrseth Helga , Molde Helge , Lorvik Ingjerd Meen , Bu Eli Torild Hellandsjø , Pallesen Ståle 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTAims  Impaired ability to form associations between negative events in gambling and aversive somatic reactions may be a predisposing factor for pathological gambling. The current study investigated whether a group of pathological gamblers and a control group differed in aversive classical conditioning.Design  A differential aversive classical conditioning paradigm, which consisted of three phases. In the habituation phase, one 850‐Hz tone stimulus and one 1500‐Hz tone stimulus were presented three times each in random order. In the acquisition phase, the two tones were presented 10 times each in random order, and one was always followed by a 100‐dB burst of white noise. In the extinction phase the two tones were presented three times each without the white noise.Setting  University laboratory testing facilities and out‐patient treatment facilities.Participants  Twenty pathological gamblers and 20 control participants.Measurements  Duration of seven cardiac interbeat‐intervals (IBIs) following tone offset, gambling severity, tobacco and alcohol use, anxiety and depression.Findings  No group differences were found in the habituation and acquisition phases. However, a significant group × stimuli × trials × IBIs interaction effect was found in the extinction phase (P < 0.049). Follow‐up analysis indicated that the pathological gamblers did not show aversive classical conditioning, but that the control group did.Conclusions  Pathological gamblers have a diminished capacity to form associations between aversive events and stimuli that predict aversive events. Aversion learning is likely to be an ineffective treatment for pathological gamblers.
The association between drinking motives and alcohol‐related consequences – room for biases and measurement issues?
Authors: Gmel Gerhard , Labhart Florian , Fallu Jean‐Sébastien , Kuntsche Emmanuel 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTAims  To investigate whether the predominant finding of generalized positive associations between self‐rated motives for drinking alcohol and negative consequences of drinking alcohol are influenced by (i) using raw scores of motives that may weight inter‐individual response behaviours too strongly, and (ii) predictor‐criterion contamination by using consequence items where respondents attribute alcohol use as the cause.Design  Cross‐sectional study within the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD).Setting  School classes.Participants  Students, aged 13–16 (n = 5633).Measurements  Raw, rank and mean‐variance standardized scores of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire—Revised (DMQ‐R); four consequences: serious problems with friends, sexual intercourse regretted the next day, physical fights and troubles with the police, each itemized with attribution (‘because of your alcohol use’) and without.Findings  As found previously in the literature, raw scores for all drinking motives had positive associations with negative consequences of drinking, while transformed (rank or Z) scores showed a more specific pattern: external reinforcing motives (social, conformity) had negative and internal reinforcing motives (enhancement, coping) had non‐significant or positive associations with negative consequences. Attributed consequences showed stronger associations with motives than non‐attributed ones.Conclusion  Standard scoring of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (Revised) fails to capture motives in a way that permits specific associations with different negative consequences to be identified, whereas use of rank or Z‐scores does permit this. Use of attributed consequences overestimates the association with drinking motives.
Comparison of sparse‐grid geometric and random sampling methods in nonlinear inverse solution uncertainty estimation
Authors: Tompkins Michael J. , Fernández Martínez Juan Luis , Fernández Muñiz Zulima 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTA new uncertainty estimation method, which we recently introduced in the literature, allows for the comprehensive search of model posterior space while maintaining a high degree of computational efficiency. The method starts with an optimal solution to an inverse problem, performs a parameter reduction step and then searches the resulting feasible model space using prior parameter bounds and sparse‐grid polynomial interpolation methods. After misfit rejection, the resulting model ensemble represents the equivalent model space and can be used to estimate inverse solution uncertainty. While parameter reduction introduces a posterior bias, it also allows for scaling this method to higher dimensional problems. The use of Smolyak sparse‐grid interpolation also dramatically increases sampling efficiency for large stochastic dimensions. Unlike Bayesian inference, which treats the posterior sampling problem as a random process, this geometric sampling method exploits the structure and smoothness in posterior distributions by solving a polynomial interpolation problem and then resampling from the resulting interpolant. The two questions we address in this paper are 1) whether our results are generally compatible with established Bayesian inference methods and 2) how does our method compare in terms of posterior sampling efficiency. We accomplish this by comparing our method for two electromagnetic problems from the literature with two commonly used Bayesian sampling schemes: Gibbs’ and Metropolis‐Hastings. While both the sparse‐grid and Bayesian samplers produce compatible results, in both examples, the sparse‐grid approach has a much higher sampling efficiency, requiring an order of magnitude fewer samples, suggesting that sparse‐grid methods can significantly improve the tractability of inference solutions for problems in high dimensions or with more costly forward physics.
The effect of using an alternative irrigant between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine to prevent the formation of para‐chloroaniline within the root canal system
Authors: Mortenson D. , Sadilek M. , Flake N. M. , Paranjpe A. , Heling I. , Johnson J. D. , Cohenca N. 
Published: March 2012

Mortenson D, Sadilek M, Flake NM, Paranjpe A, Heling I, Johnson JD, Cohenca N. The effect of using an alternative irrigant between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine to prevent the formation of para‐chloroaniline within the root canal system. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 878–882, 2012.AbstractAim  To determine if the formation of para‐chloroaniline (PCA) can be avoided by using an alternative irrigant following sodium hypochlorite but before chlorhexidine.Methodology  Fifty‐five single‐rooted teeth were decoronated, instrumented to size 40, .06 taper whilst being irrigated with 14% ethylene‐diamine‐tetra‐acetic acid (EDTA) and 6% NaOCl. Samples were then randomly divided into three experimental and two control groups. Group 1 was irrigated with saline followed by 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX). Group 2 was irrigated with 50% citric acid (CA) followed by 2% CHX. Group 3 was irrigated with 14% EDTA followed by 2% CHX. The chemical identity and quantification of the PCA in the formed precipitate was determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).Results  All experimental groups contained PCA. The mean level of PCA for group 1 (sterile saline) was 229 ng mL−1, group 2 (citric acid) 72 ng mL−1 and group 3 (EDTA) 400 ng mL−1, respectively. A significant difference was found between the saline and EDTA groups and the negative control (P < 0.05). Although no statistical significance was found between the negative control and citric acid group, PCA was still present in this experimental group.Conclusions  Citric acid used as the intermittent irrigant had the least amount of PCA formation in the canal system. Until the threshold required to cause biological damage in humans is determined, the combination of NaOCl and CHX in root canal treatment should be avoided.
Variability of physicochemical properties of an epoxy resin sealer taken from different parts of the same tube
Authors: Baldi J. V. , Bernardes R. A. , Duarte M. A. H. , Ordinola‐Zapata R. , Cavenago B. C. , Moraes J. C. S. , de Moraes I. G. 
Published: March 2012

Baldi JV, Bernardes RA, Duarte MAH, Ordinola‐Zapata R, Cavenago BC, Moraes JCS, de Moraes IG. Variability of physicochemical properties of an epoxy resin sealer taken from different parts of the same tube. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 915–920, 2012.AbstractAim  To analyse several physicochemical properties of AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany), including setting time, flow, radiopacity and the degree of conversion (DC); and to correlate the results with the source of the material: from the beginning, middle or end of the tubes in which they were supplied.Methodology  Three experimental groups were established for each property investigated. Group 1 corresponded to material taken from the beginning of tubes A and B; Group 2 corresponded to material taken from the middle of each tube; and group 3 corresponded to that from the end of each tube. The setting time, flow and radiopacity were studied according to American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA) Specification 57. DC was determined from infrared spectra, which were recorded at 1‐h intervals for the first 6 h; then, at 2‐h intervals for the next 14 h; then, at 24 and 30 h. Data were analysed statistically by analysis of variance (anova), Tukey–Kramer, Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests, with a significance level of 5%.Results  Group 1 had a significantly longer setting time (2303 ± 1058 min) (P < 0.05). Group 3 had the lowest flowability (30.0 ± 0.7 mm) and the highest radiopacity (14.85 ± 1.8 mm Al) (P < 0.05). No differences were found for the DC test (P > 0.05).Conclusion  The results suggest that segregation occurs between the organic and inorganic components of AH Plus sealer, thereby changing the setting time, flow and radiopacity.
Effectiveness of ProTaper, D‐RaCe, and Mtwo retreatment files with and without supplementary instruments in the removal of root canal filling material
Authors: Marques da Silva B. , Baratto‐Filho F. , Leonardi D. P. , Henrique Borges A. , Volpato L. , Branco Barletta F. 
Published: March 2012

Marques da Silva B, Baratto‐Filho F, Leonardi DP, Henrique Borges A, Volpato L, Branco Barletta F. Effectiveness of ProTaper, D‐RaCe, and Mtwo retreatment files with and without supplementary instruments in the removal of root canal filling material. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 927–932, 2012.AbstractAim  To assess the efficacy of different retreatment rotary files in removing gutta‐percha and endodontic sealer from canals.Methodology  Ninety straight single‐rooted premolars were prepared up to a size 30 and filled with gutta‐percha and sealer and then randomly assigned to six retreatment groups (n = 15). Groups I, III, and V were retreated using rotary systems ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR), D‐RaCe, and Mtwo Retreatment, respectively. Groups II, IV, and VI were retreated using the additional instruments F4, size 40, .04 taper RaCe, and size 40, .04 taper Mtwo, respectively. The roots were split vertically, and images of the halves were obtained using a high‐resolution scanner and evaluated with AutoCAD software to calculate the percentage of residual material. Data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and Student–Newman–Keuls tests using a 5% significance cutoff (P < 0.05).Results  There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between groups when additional instruments were used. The percentage of residual material was lowest in the PTUR group and was statistically significant only when compared to the D‐RaCe system (P = 0.0038).Conclusions  All root canals had residual filling material after retreatment even when additional instruments were used.
Bark extract of Bathysa cuspidata attenuates extra‐pulmonary acute lung injury induced by paraquat and reduces mortality in rats
Authors: Novaes Rômulo D. , Gonçalves Reggiani V. , Cupertino Marli C. , Marques Daiane C. S. , Rosa Damiana D. , Peluzio Maria do Carmo G. , Neves Clóvis A. , Leite João Paulo V. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThis study investigated the effect of the bark extract of Bathysa cuspidata on paraquat (PQ)‐induced extra‐pulmonary acute lung injury (ALI) and mortality in rats. ALI was induced with a single dose of PQ (30 mg/kg, i.p.), and animals were treated with B. cuspidata extract (200 and 400 mg/kg). Analyses were conducted of survival, cell migration, lung oedema, malondialdehyde, proteins carbonyls, catalase, superoxide dismutase, histopathology and the stereology of lung tissue. Rats exposed to PQ and treated with 200 and 400 mg of the extract presented lower mortality (20% and 30%), compared with PQ alone group (50%). Furthermore, lung oedema, septal thickening, alveolar collapse, haemorrhage, cell migration, malondialdehyde and proteins carbonyl levels decreased, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were maintained. These results show that the bark extract of B. cuspidata reduced PQ‐induced extra‐pulmonary ALI and mortality in rats and suggest that these effects may be associated with the inhibition of oxidative damage.
Exposure of black‐legged kittiwakes to Lyme disease spirochetes: dynamics of the immune status of adult hosts and effects on their survival
Authors: Chambert Thierry , Staszewski Vincent , Lobato Elisa , Choquet Rémi , Carrie Cécile , McCoy Karen D. , Tveraa Torkild , Boulinier Thierry 
Published: March 2012

Summary1. Despite a growing interest in wildlife disease ecology, there is a surprising lack of knowledge about the exposure dynamics of individual animals to naturally circulating infectious agents and the impact of such agents on host life‐history traits.2. The exploration of these questions requires detailed longitudinal data on individual animals that can be captured multiple times during their life but also requires being able to account for several sources of uncertainty, notably the partial observation or recapture of individuals at each sampling occasion.3. We use a multi‐year dataset to (i) assess the potential effect of exposure to the tick‐borne agent of Lyme disease,Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato(Bbsl), on adult apparent survival for one of its natural long‐lived hosts, the Black‐legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), and (ii) investigate the temporal dynamics of individual immunological status in kittiwakes to infer the rate of new exposure and the persistence of the immune response. Using a multi‐event modelling approach, potential uncertainties arising from partial observations were explicitly taken into account.4. The potential impact ofBbslon kittiwake survival was also evaluated via an experimental approach: the apparent survival of a group of breeding birds treated with an antibiotic was compared with that of a control group.5. No impact of exposure toBbslwas detected on adult survival in kittiwakes, in either observational or experimental data.6. An annual seroconversion rate (from negative to positive) of 1·5% was estimated, but once an individual became seropositive, it remained so with a probability of 1, suggesting that detectable levels of anti‐Bbslantibodies persist for multiple years.7. These results, in combination with knowledge on patterns of exposure to the tick vector ofBbsl, provide important information for understanding the spatio‐temporal nature of the interaction between this host and several of its parasites. Furthermore, our analyses highlight the utility of capture–mark–recapture approaches handling state uncertainty for disease ecology studies.
Evidence of multiple vicariance in a marine suture‐zone in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Portnoy David S. , Gold John R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim  Our aim was to assess whether single or multiple vicariance event(s) have occurred in a marine suture‐zone in the northern Gulf of Mexico. We estimated the divergence time of two genetically distinct groups of lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris), distributed on either side of this zone, and compared it to the timing of other vicariance events described previously in the area.Location  The northern Gulf of Mexico from the Texas coastline to the Atlantic coast of South Florida, USA. The marine suture‐zone is proximal to Mobile Bay in Alabama.Methods  A Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach was used to estimate mutation‐corrected divergence and genetic migration between eastern and western groups of lane snapper, based on genotypic differences at 13 nuclear‐encoded microsatellites obtained previously from 77 and 171 individual samples, respectively. A second estimate of divergence time for eastern and western groups of lane snapper was generated, based on 590 base pairs of DNA sequence from the mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) obtained previously from 45 and 93 individual samples, respectively.Results  Both classes of genetic markers (microsatellites and mtDNA) indicated a fairly recent divergence. Confidence intervals for microsatellite‐based estimates suggested that divergence began less than 21 thousand years ago (ka), while confidence intervals for mitochondrial DNA‐based estimates suggested divergence began less than 130 ka. These estimates were not consistent with vicariance events in the literature, which are hypothesized to have occurred well before 135 ka.Main conclusions  These results indicate that the marine suture‐zone in the northern Gulf of Mexico features multiple vicariance events and may be characterized by a complex geological/environmental history. We suggest that processes during or after the Wisconsin glaciation (c. 110–18 ka) may have created a previously unrecognized barrier for lane snapper and possibly other species as well.
The effect of P‐Glycoprotein on methadone hydrochloride flux in equine intestinal mucosa
Authors: LINARDI R. L. , STOKES A. M. , ANDREWS F. M. 
Published: March 2012

Linardi, R. L., Stokes, A. M., Andrews, F. M. The effect of P‐Glycoprotein on methadone hydrochloride flux in equine intestinal mucosa. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 36, 43–50.Methadone is an effective analgesic opioid that may have a place for the treatment of pain in horses. However, its absorption seems to be impaired by the presence of a transmembrane protein, P‐glycoprotein, present in different tissues including the small intestine in other species. This study aims to determine the effect of the P‐glycoprotein on methadone flux in the equine intestinal mucosa, as an indicator of in vivo drug absorption. Jejunum tissues from five horses were placed into the Ussing chambers and exposed to methadone solution in the presence or absence of Rhodamine 123 or verapamil. Electrical measurements demonstrated tissue viability for 120 min, and the flux of methadone across the jejunal membrane (mucosal to submucosal direction) was calculated based on the relative drug concentration measured by ELISA. The flux of methadone was significantly higher only in the presence of verapamil. P‐glycoprotein was immunolocalized in the apical membrane of the jejunal epithelial cells (enterocytes), mainly located in the tip of the villi compared to cells of the crypts. P‐glycoprotein is present in the equine jejunum and may possibly mediate the intestinal transport of methadone. This study suggests that P‐glycoprotein may play a role in the poor intestinal absorption of methadone in vivo.