bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)–induced bone gain is blunted in SOST overexpressing and deficient mice
Authors: Kramer Ina , Loots Gabriela G , Studer Anne , Keller Hansjoerg , Kneissel Michaela 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment is a potent bone anabolic principle that suppresses expression of the bone formation inhibitor Sost. We addressed the relevance of Sost suppression for PTH-induced bone anabolism in vivo using mice with altered Sost gene dosage. Six-month-old Sost overexpressing and 2-month-old Sost deficient male mice and their wild-type littermates were subjected to daily injections of 100 µg/kg PTH(1–34) or vehicle for a 2-month period. A follow-up study was performed in Sost deficient mice using 40 and 80 µg/kg PTH(1–34). Animals were sacrificed 4 hours after the final PTH administration and Sost expression in long bone diaphyses was determined by qPCR. Bone changes were analyzed in vivo in the distal femur metaphysis by pQCT and ex vivo in the tibia and lumbar spine by DXA. Detailed ex vivo analyses of the femur were performed by pQCT, µCT, and histomorphometry. Overexpression of Sost resulted in osteopenia and Sost deletion in high bone mass. As shown before, PTH suppressed Sost in wild-type mice. PTH treatment induced substantial increases in bone mineral density, content, and cortical thickness and in aging wild-type mice also led to cancellous bone gain owing to amplified bone formation rates. PTH-induced bone gain was blunted at all doses and skeletal sites in Sost overexpressing and deficient mice owing to attenuated bone formation rates, whereas bone resorption was not different from that in PTH-treated wild-type controls. These data suggest that suppression of the bone formation inhibitor Sost by intermittent PTH treatment contributes to PTH bone anabolism. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Teriparatide for acceleration of fracture repair in humans: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study of 102 postmenopausal women with distal radial fractures
Authors: Aspenberg Per , Genant Harry K , Johansson Torsten , Nino Antonio J , See Kyoungah , Krohn Kelly , García-Hernández Pedro A , Recknor Christopher P , Einhorn Thomas A , Dalsky Gail P , Mitlak Bruce H , Fierlinger Anke , Lakshmanan Mark C 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Animal experiments show a dramatic improvement in skeletal repair by teriparatide. We tested the hypothesis that recombinant teriparatide, at the 20 µg dose normally used for osteoporosis treatment or higher, would accelerate fracture repair in humans. Postmenopausal women (45 to 85 years of age) who had sustained a dorsally angulated distal radial fracture in need of closed reduction but no surgery were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of once-daily injections of placebo (n = 34) or teriparatide 20 µg (n = 34) or teriparatide 40 µg (n = 34) within 10 days of fracture. Hypotheses were tested sequentially, beginning with the teriparatide 40 µg versus placebo comparison, using a gatekeeping strategy. The estimated median time from fracture to first radiographic evidence of complete cortical bridging in three of four cortices was 9.1, 7.4, and 8.8 weeks for placebo and teriparatide 20 µg and 40 µg, respectively (overall p = .015). There was no significant difference between the teriparatide 40 µg versus placebo groups (p = .523). In post hoc analyses, there was no significant difference between teriparatide 40 µg versus 20 µg (p = .053); however, the time to healing was shorter in teriparatide 20 µg than placebo (p = .006). The primary hypothesis that teriparatide 40 µg would shorten the time to cortical bridging was not supported. The shortened time to healing for teriparatide 20 µg compared with placebo still may suggest that fracture repair can be accelerated by teriparatide, but this result should be interpreted with caution and warrants further study. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Effect of metformin on bone marrow progenitor cell differentiation: In vivo and in vitro studies
Authors: Molinuevo M Silvina , Schurman Leon , McCarthy Antonio D , Cortizo Ana M , Tolosa María J , Gangoiti M Virginia , Arnol Veronica , Sedlinsky Claudia 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with bone loss. Patients with type 2 diabetes are frequently treated with oral antidiabetic drugs such as sulfonylureas, biguanides, and thiazolidinediones. Rosiglitazone treatment has been shown to increase adipogenesis in bone marrow and to induce bone loss. In this study we evaluated the effect of in vivo and in vitro treatment with metformin on bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPCs), as well as the involvement of AMPK pathway in its effects. The in vitro effect of coincubation with metformin and rosiglitazone on the adipogenic differentiation of BMPCs also was studied. In addition, we evaluated the effect of in vivo metformin treatment on bone regeneration in a model of parietal lesions in nondiabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. We found that metformin administration both in vivo and in vitro caused an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, type I collagen synthesis, osteocalcin expression, and extracellular calcium deposition of BMPCs. Moreover, metformin significantly activated AMPK in undifferentiated BMPCs. In vivo, metformin administration enhanced the expression of osteoblast-specific transcription factor Runx2/Cbfa1 and activation of AMPK in a time-dependent manner. Metformin treatment also stimulated bone lesion regeneration in control and diabetic rats. In vitro, metformin partially inhibited the adipogenic actions of rosiglitazone on BMPCs. In conclusion, our results indicate that metformin causes an osteogenic effect both in vivo and in vitro, possibly mediated by Runx2/Cbfa1 and AMPK activation, suggesting a possible action of metformin in a shift toward the osteoblastic differentiation of BMPCs. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Coronary calcification is associated with lower bone formation rate in CKD patients not yet in dialysis treatment
Authors: Tomiyama Cristianne , Carvalho Aluizio B , Higa Andrea , Jorgetti Vanda , Draibe Sérgio A , Canziani Maria Eugênia F 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Vascular calcification is a strong prognostic marker of mortality in hemodialysis patients and has been associated with bone metabolism disorders in this population. In earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), vascular calcification also has been documented. This study evaluated the association between coronary artery calcification (CAC) and bone histomorphometric parameters in CKD predialysis patients assessed by multislice coronary tomography and by undecalcified bone biopsy. CAC was detected in 33 (66%) patients, and their median calcium score was 89.7 (0.4–2299.3 AU). The most frequent bone histologic alterations observed included low trabecular bone volume, increased eroded and osteoclast surfaces, and low bone-formation rate (BFR/BS). Multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes, showed that BFR/BS was independently associated with the presence of coronary calcification [p = .009; odd ratio (OR) = 0.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.036–0.619]. This study showed a high prevalence of CAC in asymptomatic predialysis CKD patients. Also, there was an independent association of low bone formation and CAC in this population. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that low bone-formation rate constitutes another nontraditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease in CKD patients. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A–mediated inhibition of BMP signaling is independent of Smad dephosphorylation
Authors: Kokabu Shoichiro , Nojima Junya , Kanomata Kazuhiro , Ohte Satoshi , Yoda Tetsuya , Fukuda Toru , Katagiri Takenobu 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 at carboxyl-terminal serine residues by type I receptors activates downstream bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A (PPM1A) has been shown to suppress BMP activity by dephosphorylating phospho-Smads. We report here that PPM1A suppresses BMP signaling via a novel mechanism. PPM1A inhibited a constitutively activated Smad1 mutant lacking BMP receptor phosphorylation sites. PPM1A reduced the protein levels not only of Smad1 but also of Smad5 and Smad8. A proteasome inhibitor blocked the inhibitory effects of PPM1A on Smad1, but the Smurf-binding motif in the Smad1 linker region was not involved in this inhibition. The phosphatase activity of PPM1A is essential for inhibition. Taken together, these findings suggest that through the dephosphorylation of unidentified substrate(s), PPM1A inhibits BMP signaling by decreasing Smad protein levels via the proteasome pathway. Moreover, knockdown of endogenous PPM1A stimulated osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting that PPM1A may physiologically suppress BMP signaling via Smads. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Study of Microstructure and Property Changes in Irradiated SS316 Wrapper of Fast Breeder Test Reactor
Authors: Venkiteswaran C. N. , Karthik V. , Parameswaran P. , Muralidharan N. G. , AnandaRaj V. , Saroja S. , Venugopal V. , Vijayalakshmi M. , Viswanathan K. V. Kasi , Raj Baldev 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study on mechanical properties and microstructure in a SS316 wrapper irradiated in a 40MWt/13MWe fast breeder test reactor at Kalpakkam, India. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination and mechanical property evaluation were carried out on the hexagonal wrapper subjected to different displacement damages up to a maximum of 83 dpa at an operating temperature of about 673 K. The steel irradiated to 83 dpa showed an increase in the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, with a reduction in uniform elongation to about 8 %–10 % from about 20 % in the unirradiated material. Density measurements on the specimen from different portions of the irradiated wrapper showed a peak volumetric swelling of about 3.5 % at a damage of 83 dpa. TEM studies showed extensive void formation at 40 dpa and beyond in addition to extensive precipitation and formation of dislocation loops. The void density and size showed a progressive increase with displacement damage. The precipitates were identified to be of nickel and silicon enriched M6C type of η phase, while radiation induced G phase was also observed at 83 dpa. The increase in strength and reduction in ductility with increase in dpa is attributed to irradiation hardening, which is supported by the increase in defect density as observed from the dislocation substructure and increase in the void density and size. The paper would discuss the degradation in mechanical property in terms of the microstructural changes.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Transport from Consolidation of Contaminated Sediments During In Situ Capping
Authors: Lenhart John J. , Lee Jangguen , Hwang Yu Sik , Fox Patrick J. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The management of sediments contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is an issue of significant contemporary concern. The application of an in situ cap to isolate and contain the contaminants is a desirable management option that is hindered by a lack of detailed information regarding the fate of the contaminants after cap installation. In this study, we evaluate the fate and transport of PCBs in fine-grained, organic-rich sediments during and after the application of an in situ cap, with the goal of estimating the release of dissolved and colloid-bound contaminants from consolidating sediments under a variety of capping scenarios. Three capping materials were evaluated for their propensity to hinder PCB release; quartz sand, activated carbon, and a proprietary organoclay. Consolidation tests to simulate in situ rapid dewatering were conducted using contaminated sediment dredged from the Grand Calumet River in Gary, Indiana. The results of tests conducted without a cap indicate that rapid transient flow caused by consolidation results in the release of colloid-bound PCBs at concentrations exceeding 10 μg total PCBs per liter of effluent pore fluid, which was far above the calculated dissolved PCB concentration. Tests conducted to simulate release from capped sediments showed all three capping materials reduced the release of particles and associated PCBs by over 80 %. The dissolved organic carbon content also decreased significantly. The organoclay and activated carbon were more effective than sand for both particle and PCB removal. This work demonstrates that reactive caps help to mitigate contaminant release due to sediment consolidation and should be considered as a viable management option for in situ remediation of PCB-contaminated sediments.
Upper bounds for Bermudan options on Markovian data using nonparametric regression and a reduced number of nested Monte Carlo steps
Authors: Kohler Michael , Krzyzak Adam , Walk Harro 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
This paper is concerned with evaluation of American options in discrete time, also called Bermudan options. We use the dual approach to derive upper bounds on the price of such options using only a reduced number of nested Monte Carlo steps. The key idea is to apply nonparametric regression to estimate continuation values and all other required conditional expectations and to combine the resulting estimate with another estimate computed by using only a reduced number of nested Monte Carlo steps. The expectation of the resulting estimate is an upper bound on the option price. It is shown that the estimates of the option prices are universally consistent, i.e., they converge to the true price regardless of the structure of the continuation values. The finite sample behavior is validated by experiments on simulated data.
Estimation of search tree size and approximate counting: A likelihood approach
Authors: Dennert Florian , Grübel Rudolf 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
We consider the problem of estimating the size of a random digital search tree on the basis of the maximal node depth observed along a specific path. We show that the maximum likelihood estimator exists and we investigate its properties. A similar problem arises in the context of approximate counting. In both cases a simple pure birth process plays a central role. We also construct confidence bounds.
Multicriteria decision analysis to assess options for managing contaminated sediments: Application to Southern Busan Harbor, South Korea
Authors: Kim Jongbum , Kim Suk Hyun , Hong Gi Hoon , Suedel Burton C , Clarke Joan 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Many years of untreated effluent discharge from residential areas, a shipyard, a marina, and a large fish market resulted in substantial contamination of bottom sediment in Southern Busan Harbor, South Korea. Contaminants in these sediments include heavy metals and organic compounds. Newly introduced regulations for ocean disposal of dredged material in South Korea pose significant challenges, because the previous practice of offshore disposal of contaminated dredged material was no longer possible after August 2008. The South Korean government has mandated that such sediments be assessed in a way that identifies the most appropriate dredged material management alternative, addressing environmental, social, and cost objectives. An approach using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) in combination with comparative risk assessment was used as a systematic and transparent framework for prioritizing several dredged sediment management alternatives. We illustrate how MCDA can recognize the multiple goals of contaminated sediment management. Values used in weighting decision criteria were derived from surveys of stakeholders who were sediment management professionals, business owners, or government decision makers. The results of the analysis showed that land reclamation was the preferred alternative among cement-lock, sediment washing, 3 contained aquatic disposal alternatives (one in combination with a hopper dredge), geotextile tubes, solidification, and land reclamation after solidification treatment. Land reclamation was the preferred alternative, which performed well across all MCDA objectives, because of the availability of a near-shore confined disposal facility within a reasonable distance from the dredging area. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2010; 6:61–71. © 2009 SETAC
Artificial Neural Networks Versus Multiple Logistic Regression to Predict 30-Day Mortality After Operations For Type A Ascending Aortic Dissection§
Authors: Macrina Francesco , Puddu Paolo Emilio , Sciangula Alfonso , Trigilia Fausto , Totaro Marco , Miraldi Fabio , Toscano Francesca , Cassese Mauro , Toscano Michele 
Published: July 2009

Background:There are few comparative reports on the overall accuracy of neural networks (NN), assessed only versus multiple logistic regression (LR), to predict events in cardiovascular surgery studies and none has been performed among acute aortic dissection (AAD) Type A patients.Objectives:We aimed at investigating the predictive potential of 30-day mortality by a large series of risk factors in AAD Type A patients comparing the overall performance of NN versus LR.Methods:We investigated 121 plus 87 AAD Type A patients consecutively operated during 7 years in two Centres. Forced and stepwise NN and LR solutions were obtained and compared, using receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) and Gini’s coefficients. Both NN and LR models were re-applied to data from the second Centre to adhere to a methodological imperative with NN.Results:Forced LR solutions provided AUC 87.9±4.1% (CI: 80.7 to 93.2%) and 85.7±5.2% (CI: 78.5 to 91.1%) in the first and second Centre, respectively. Stepwise NN solution of the first Centre had AUC 90.5±3.7% (CI: 83.8 to 95.1%). The Gini’s coefficients for LR and NN stepwise solutions of the first Centre were 0.712 and 0.816, respectively. When the LR and NN stepwise solutions were re-applied to the second Centre data, Gini’s coefficients were, respectively, 0.761 and 0.850. Few predictors were selected in common by LR and NN models: the presence of pre-operative shock, intubation and neurological symptoms, immediate post-operative presence of dialysis in continuous and the quantity of post-operative bleeding in the first 24 h. The length of extracorporeal circulation, post-operative chronic renal failure and the year of surgery were specifically detected by NN.Conclusions:Different from the International Registry of AAD, operative and immediate post-operative factors were seen as potential predictors of short-term mortality. We report a higher overall predictive accuracy with NN than with LR. However, the list of potential risk factors to predict 30-day mortality after AAD Type A by NN model is not enlarged significantly.
A Model and Risk Score for Predicting Nevirapine-Associated Rash among HIV-infected Patients: In Settings of Low CD4 Cell Counts and Resource Limitation§
Authors: Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Sungkanuparph Somnuek , Malathum Kumthorn , Watcharananan Siriorn , Sathapatayavongs Boonmee , Charoenyingwattana Angkana , Mahasirimongkol Surakameth , Chantratita Wasun 
Published: July 2009

Background:
Rash is the most common adverse effect associated with nevirapine (NVP). We aimed to develop a model and risk score for predicting NVP-associated rash among HIV-infected patients with low CD4 cell counts.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study was conducted and 383 HIV-infected patients consecutively enrolled in the study.

Results:
Of 222 patients in the training set, 116 (52.2%) were males and median (IQR) age was 35.2 (31.1-42.0) years. Median (IQR) CD4 cell count was 104 (35-225) cells/mm3. Of these, 72 and 150 patients were in “rash” and “no rash” group, respectively. Four factors were independently associated with rash: a history of drug allergy (odds ratio (OR) 4.01, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.75-9.20, P = 0.001), body weight <55 kg. (OR 2.02, 95% CI, 1.09-3.76, p = 0.026), not receiving slow dose escalation (OR 2.00, 95% CI, 1.06-3.77, p = 0.032), and no concomitant drug(s) (OR 2.48, 95% CI, 1.32-4.64, p = 0.005). Receiver-operator characteristic analysis yielded area under the curve of 71% and the goodness-offit statistics was 6.48 (p = 0.840). The variables were given scores of 14, 7, 7 and 9, respectively. A cutoff >21 points defined the high risk individuals which yielded specificity and positive predictive value of 99% and 69%, respectively, with OR of 3.96 (95% CI, 1.79-8.86, p = 0.001).

Conclusions:
A model and risk score for predicting NVP-associated rash performed well in this study population. It might be useful for predicting the risk of rash before NVP initiation among HIV-infected patients with low CD4 cell counts.
La fortune de la catharsis chez Freud
Authors: Châtelet Isabelle 
Published: July 2009

On a l’habitude de considérer que le « procédé cathartique de Breuer » correspond à la préhistoire de la psychanalyse; il supposait de plonger le patient dans un état d’hypnose profonde. Néanmoins, Freud conserva le mot quand il abandonna l’hypnose et se décida à appliquer la méthode cathartique sans y recourir. Pourquoi Freud et Breuer choisirent-ils ce terme en écrivant les Etudes sur l’hystérie et auparavant dans leur « Communication préliminaire » de 1892 ? Que signifie alors catharsis et plus tard ? Dans quelle mesure l’idée de cette catharsis se perpétue dans la théorie et la pratique de la thérapie, même si le mot finit par disparaître ?
Corps démembré, corps supplicié, corps massacré.
Authors: Condamin Christine 
Published: July 2009

Cette étude porte sur 100 sujets, enfants et adolescents, victimes d’agressions graves. L’image du corps est étudiée à l’aide du Rorschach : cette épreuve, grâce à son matériel peu structuré, particulièrement propice à une projection corporelle, permet parfois aux jeunes sujets d’exprimer leur vécu douloureux alors qu’ils sont peu capables de l’expliciter verbalement en entretien. Les sujets projettent un ressenti de souffrance passé ou présent, qui peut être pénible, lancinant, violent ou même insupportable, souvent indicible directement, sur une image de corps morcelée et démembrée.
Esthétique de l'émotion : du visible à l'invisible
Authors: Abensour Alexandre 
Published: July 2009

Cet article se propose d’interroger les racines de l’émotion esthétique, et plus particulièrement des émotions tragiques. La « terreur » et la « pitié » mettent en jeu l’ébranlement de la subjectivité face à une altérité qui la dépossède de ses pouvoirs. La théorie réflexe de l’émotion (W. James etc.) apparaît vite comme insuffisante, et doit être dépassée par un point de vue phénoménologique. Les analyses de Sartre nous permettent de dégager le rapport fondamental de l’émotion à l’autre comme « étrangeté », et l’émotion elle-même comme tentative de protection magique face à ce surgissement de l’altérité. Mais l’approche sartrienne reste encore descriptive. Les analyses de Pierre Kaufmann (in l’Expérience émotionnelle de l’espace ) nous permettent de saisir cette dépendance du sujet comme « dessaisissement » : ce n’est plus la rencontre concrète avec autrui qui est au cœur de l’émotion, mais la faille soudaine qui s’ouvre dans la capacité de donner sens au monde. Et c’est à la fois pour rendre compte de cette faille, et pour reconstruire une signification que l’art apparaît comme le lieu majeur d’expression de l’émotion. Freud, de ce point de vue, peut interpréter l’émotion tragique comme reviviscence du drame le plus ancien de l’humanité, mais rendue supportable par l’organisation de la scène : l’art est mise en scène spectaculaire, visible, du fond invisible de toute émotion.