bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION OF SHEEP'S MILK POWDER BY SPRAY DRYING TECHNIQUE: PHYSICAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY
Authors: Endres Creciana Maria , De Oliveira Janaína , Kischener Rosi , Werlang Fabiane Paula , Souza dos Santos Francieli , Juriati Claudiane , Lena Meneghetti Karine 
Published: June 2024

In this study, milk sheep was dried by spray dryer to produce milk of sheep powder for the purpose of extend the shelf-life and facilitate storage. The objective of this research was to determine the spray drying parameters, resulting in the conditions of injection nozzle of 3 mm in diameter, air flow of 30 m3 / h, pump flow 1.23 L / h, inlet temperature 160 ° C, pump air flow 2.66L / h and outlet temperature 80 ° C and 2% proportion of soy lecithin. Moisture content, fat content, protein, pH, water solubility, coagulase positive Staphylococcus , Bacillus cereus , coliforms at 45ºC and salmonella sp were analyzed for the powder samples. In order to assess sensory acceptability, sensory analysis of the product was carried out compared to similar products available on the market. The product presented favorable results and in accordance with the legislation in terms of physical, chemical and sensory requirements. Sensory analysis showed that the product under study has less acceptability when compared to cow's milk, however when compared with goat's milk there was no significant difference. The results indicate that the product can be produced on an industrial scale with some adjustments and in addition, the results found can serve as a basis for the elaboration of a specific legislation for milk and sheep products in Brazil.
Preparation, Characterization, of Some Oxadiazol Derivatives Prepared from Different Carboxylic Acids
Authors: A. Yousif Selvana 
Published: June 2024

تم تصميم وتصنيع سلسلة من مشتقات حامض الميفيناميك وتم وصف المنتجات طيفيًا باستخدام تقنيات 13CNMR, 1HNMR) . (FT-IR تضمنت السلسلة أ تحويل ستة عقاقير (حمض الميفيناميك ، الأمبيسيلين ، النوبروكسين ، حمض البنزيلك ، حمض الديكلوفيناك ، والكيفيكس) و المعروفة بفعاليتها الطبية العالية الى كلوريد الحامض ومن ثم تتفاعل مع ثيوسيميكاربازايد لتكوين السلسلة ب وفي المرحلة الثالثة ، تم تحضير حلقة الأوكساديازول باستخدام POCl3 كعامل إغلاق حلقي للمركبات. (B1-B6) كانت الخطوة الأخيرة في الاستراتيجية هي بناء مشتقات حامض الميفيناميك الجديدة التي تتكون من تكثيف كلوريد حمض الميفيناميك مع المركبات. (C1-C6) لإعطاء مركبات جديد (D1-D6) .
Study the Effect of Alum Activated by Cold Plasma on Mice Wounds Using Textural Analysis
Authors: Majeed Neean F. , Ali Alyaa H. , Mazhir Sabah N. , Akram Rasha S. 
Published: June 2024

يهدف البحث الى استخدام مصفوفة الاعتماد المكاني ذات اللون الرمادي لاستخراج السمات النسيجية للجلد المصاب بالجروح و المعالج بمحلول الشب المفعل بالبلازما ، وتعتمد هذه الطريقة على الاختيار الذاتي لمنطقة الدراسة والذي ينتج عنه اعتماد قيم المعلمات على المنطقة المستخرجة. يستخدم شب البوتاسيوم لتنظيف الجروح وعلاجها وكذلك لمنع انتشار البكتيريا حيث يحتوي المحلول المائي على هيدوكسيد الالمنيوم الذي يكون راسب ابيض على الجروح والتي تعمل على تخثير الدم وتوقف النزف وتزداد كفائته عند تفعيله بالبلازما. لقد تم استخدام مجموعة من الفئران ؛ تراوحت أعمارهم بين 2 - 3 أشهر ووزنها يتراوح بين 200-250 جم ، تم إنشاء جروح في الفئران ، وتضمنت التجربة استخدام الشب على شكل مسحوق ومحلول مائي ومحلول مائي مفعل بالبلازما وكانت مدة التعريض خمس دقائق.تمت دراسة التحليل النسيجي للجلد المصاب بالجروح من حيث تأثير مسحوق الشب ومحلول الشب ومحلول الشب المفعل بالبلازما على الجروح والجلد. وفقًا لنتائج التحليل النسيجي وصورة التشريح النسيجي ومصفوفة الاعتماد المكاني ، استعاد الجلد مظهره الخارجي (شبه الطبيعي) ، والتئمت الجروح بسرعة نتيجة استخدام المحلول المائي المنشط بالبلازما.
Spectroscopic Analysis Study of Laser-Created Zinc Plasma
Authors: Al-Jenaby Ahmad Z. , Hasan Saadallah F. , Mayoof Mahmood H. , Mohammed Abubaker S. 
Published: June 2024

من خلال التحليل الطيفي للانبعاثات الضوئية ، يمكن فحص بلازما الخارصين (Zn) المنتجة على أساس الليزر في هذه الدراسة المقترحة. حيث تمت دراسة الانبعاثات الطيفية لبلازما الخارصين كدالة لتغيير طاقات الليزر (200, 300, 400, 500) ملي جول. سجلت انبعاث البلازما مع وقت تكامل 100 نانو ثانية. تم تحديد الخطوط الطيفية لمادة الخارصين ودراسة درجة حرارة الالكترون وكثافة الالكترون عن طريق مخططات بولتزمان. يلاحظ من النتائج أنه مع زيادة طاقات الليزر، ترتفع قيم كلا من درجة حرارة الالكترون وكثافة الالكترون, حيث تتراوح قيم درجة الحرارة) (1.075- 1.467 الكترون فولت بينما تتراوح قيم كثافة الالكترون بحدود (2.939×(10)18-3.535 ×(10)18 ). سم3, أيضا في هذا البحث تمت دراسة معاملات أخرى مثل طول ديباي , عرض منتصف القمة و تردد البلازما.
Evaluation of Retinol Binding Protein 4 Level in Iraqi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Pre-diabetes Status as a Predictive Factor
Authors: Mohammed Hatem Heba , K. Ghudhaib Kadhim 
Published: June 2024

تضاعف انتشار مرض السكري من النوع 2 في السنوات الأخيرة نتيجة الخلل في إنتاج الأنسولين ، والذي يمكن أن يتطور ليشكل مضاعفات مرض السكري التي تؤثر على الكلى والأعصاب والعينين. ونتيجة لذلك ، فإن التشخيص المبكر والتصنيف لمرض السكري من النوع الثاني ضروريان لمساعدة الطبيب على التقييم. وفقًا لذلك ، هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى تحديد مستويات بروتين ارتباط الريتينول 4 (RBP4) في المرضى الذين يعانون من السكري النوع الثاني وما قبل السكري كمنبئ مبكر لحالة المرض. وكنتيجة لذلك ، هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تحديد مستوى البروتين المرتبط بالريتينول 4 لمرضى السكري النوع الثاني وحالة ما قبل السكري كمؤشر مبكر لحالة المرض. شملت الدراسة الحالية على 138 شخصا، مقسمة الى ثلاث مجاميع على اساس معايير مستوى السكر الصيامي والهيموكلوبين المسكر تمثل مجموعة السكري(46 مريضا) ومجموعة ماقبل السكري ( 46 شخصا) ومجموعة الاصحاء (46 شخصا) عند مراجعتهم للمركز الوطني للسكري- الجامعة المستنصرية. تم استخدام مقايسة الممتز المناعي المرتبط بالانزيم للكشف عن مسنوى البروتين المرتبط بالريتينول 4 والانسولين وتقنيات القياس الطيفي لتحديد مستويات السكر الصيامي والدهون. اظهرت نتائج البروتين المرتبط بالريتينول 4 فروق معنوية(P≤0.0001) بين المجموعات المدروسة. كما أظهرت نتائج الأنسولين اختلافات معنوية (P≤0.0001) بين مجموعة مرضى السكر ومجموعة السيطرة. واظهرت نتائج مقاومة الانسولين فروق معنويه((P≤0.0001 كما اظهرت نتائج ملف الدهون تأثير معنوي (P≤0.002), (P≤0.0001), (P≤ 0.050) ماعدا HDL التي اظهرت عدم وجود فرق معنوي(P≤.0.148). يمكن الاستنتاج ان البروتين المرتبط بالريتينول 4 يمكن ان يكون مؤشر مبكر لمرض السكري وعززت ذلك نتائج تحليل ال ROC والتي اكدت الى ان البروتين المرتبط بالريتينول 4 هو مؤشر ممتاز لتشخيص الحالة المدروسة.
Chitosan production from agro-wastes by Aspergillus tubingensis: A sustainable approach for beef burger quality improvement
Authors: Amin Shimaa A. , Abou-Taleb Khadiga A. , Abd-Elhalim Basma T. , Abdelghani Dina Y. , Ahmed Rania F. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Chitosan is commonly obtained by deacetylation of chitin from crustacean shell wastes such as shrimp and crab, but unfortunately, these sources appear limited for their unavailability. So, an alternative abundant chitin source is in need as fungi mycelia.
Results
In this study, chitosan production through submerged (SMF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) of Aspergillus tubingensis utilizing various agro-wastes and by-products like whey, blackstrap molasses, beet waste, rice (husk& straw), wheat bran and sawdust as a sole carbon source was investigated. The best waste was beet waste (33.12% and 38.61% of chitin and chitosan yields for SSF and whey (whey (24.22% and 35.90% of chitin and chitosan yields) for SmF, as compared to the control of sucrose (17.11% and 20.38% of chitin and chitosan yields) after 8–12 and 8 days of incubation, respectively. The fungal polymer had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus DSMZ20231,Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC14028,Bacillus cereus DSMZ345, Pseudomonas fluorescens NRRL800, and Escherichia coli ATCC69373 at a significant concentration of 1.0% were assayed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Staph. aureus DSMZ20231& S. Typhimurium ATCC14028 were more susceptible to chitosan, which gave the largest zone inhibition of 47 and 43 mm, respectively. Moreover, the polymer's antibacterial activity was tested in the broth medium during different incubation periods (12-48h). results indicated that all tested pathogenic strains exhibited complete inhibition after 24 h incubation except B. cereus DSMZ345 was the most stable up to 48h. Application of fungal chitosan (1.0%) for a laboratory-manufactured beef burger led to improve quality analysis of the texture, physical or technological and chemical properties than control without chitosan. At the same time, beef burger supplemented with chitosan was significantly accepted overall by the panelist than the control. Therefore, fungal chitosan extended the beef burger's shelf life and maintained its quality indices during freezing storage.
Conclusions
Fungal chitosan is a beneficial natural antimicrobial, and applying it to beef burgers improves microbiological, technological, and chemical quality while also extending shelf life by up to 8 weeks, making it a viable alternative to chemical protective additives. Future research on this fungal chitosan will focus on large-scale meat or poultry preservation or additive applications.
CELLeBT: exploring physical B cell-T cell clonal interactions through single-cell multi-omics
Authors: Bashford-Rogers Rachael , Shohan Mohammad Umer Sharif , Tucci Felicia , Antanaviciute Agne , Pernes Jane , Walker Catherine , Wu Shihong , Overend Lauren , Leedham Simon , Koohy Hashem 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

CELLeBT is a novel machine learning tool to decipher B cell-T cell interactions from single cell multi-omics data through leveraging droplets containing both a B cell receptor (BCR) and T cell receptor (TCR), thus containing both a B and a T cell. CELLeBT provides multiple types of information about B cell-T cell interactions, including the relative frequency of stable cellular interactions, the clonal nature and network of interactions, and the molecular drivers of these interactions as demonstrated through analysis of RCC and PDAC datasets, with unprecedented detail.
Bacterial isolates from Drinking water river sources exhibit multi-drug resistant trait
Authors: Popoola Bukola Margaret , Ogwerel Jemimah Pearl , Oladipo Oluwatosin Gbemisola 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Freshwater habitat is a natural reservoir for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR is known to pose serious human, animal, and environmental public health threats. This study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical and microbiological properties of five selected rivers (Apitipiti 1, Apitipiti 2, Apitipiti 3, Sogidi, and Aba Apa Akinmorin) in Oyo town, Nigeria, as well as the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated bacterial species, using conventional methods. Most physicochemical parameters were within WHO and NIS permissible limits. Of the rivers, Sogidi had the highest microbial load (6.36 log CFU/mL) while Apititipiti 1 had the lowest (5.76 log CFU/mL). A total of thirty-three (32) bacterial species were isolated and identified as: Aeromonas (9), Bacillus (2), Corynebacterium (13), Lactobacillus (1), Pseudomonas (2), Staphylococcus (4), and Streptococcus (1). Pearson’s correlation matrix indicated that there were significant (p<0.05) interactions among pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, sulphate and chloride salts, BOD and COD. Of all these, 81.8 % were multidrug-resistant, with Corynebacterium kutscheri and Aeromonas spp. isolated from Apitipiti 2 and Aba Apa Akinmorin rivers respectively, exhibiting a relatively high antibiotic resistance of 90.9 %. This study reveals that these rivers maybe unfit for consumption as multidrug-resistant bacteria of public health risk were associated with them.
Chinese herbal formula Regan Saibisitan alleviates inflammation and improves chronic bronchitis via inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Ding Xiaorui , Zheng Ruifang , Kader Kaderyea , Han Yulin , Xu Lei , Zeng Xin , Xing Jianguo , Wang Shoubao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Chronic bronchitis (CB) is characterized by persistent, non-specific inflammation in the trachea, bronchial mucosa, and surrounding tissues mainly resulting from infectious or non-infectious factors. Regan Saibisitan is a classic prescription used to treat cough, pneumonia, and other respiratory infections in Uygur medicine. However, its mechanism in treating chronic bronchitis has not been reported. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and mechanism of Regan Saibisitan in CB mice.
Methods: Regan Saibisitan extract (RGS) was prepared, and the components in RGS were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap-electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS). The CB mouse model was established by cigarette smoking (CS) and intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 20μg), histological changes of bronchial epithelium, collagen deposition, mucus secretion in lung tissue and inflammatory factors were assayed. Transcriptomics analysis was performed to detect the differentially regulated genes in lung tissue of CB mice treated with RGS. The effect of RGS on JAK 2/STAT 3 pathway was investigated in CB mice and NCI-H 282 cells treated with PMA using western blotting, ELISA,and immunohistochemical analysis. The JAK2 inhibitor AG490 was used in NCI-H292 cells to verify the effect of RGS on JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
Results: A total of 286 compounds were identified in RGS, in which Liquiritin, Formononetin, Isoliquiritigenin, Salidroside, Ferulic and Morphine were reported to have significant anti-inflammatory activities. RGS treatment significantly improved the thickening of bronchial epithelium, decreased collagen deposition and secretion of mucus, and the levels of inflammatory factors in CB mice. Transcriptomics analysis showed that most of 402 differentially expressed genes in RGS-treated CB mice were related to inflammatory response. The results in CB mice and NCI-H292 cells showed that RGS reduced the phosphorylation level of JAK 2 and STAT 3 . In addition, the use of JAK2 inhibitor AG490 confirmed that JAK2/STAT3 pathway played a key role in the effects of RGS on CB.
Conclusions: RGS suppresses inflammation and improves chronic bronchitis in NCI-H292 cells and CB mice, at least in part, via inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. This study demonstrated that RGS could be a potential drug in treating CB disease.
Genomic perspective on the bacillus causing paratyphoid B fever
Authors: Weill François-Xavier , Frézal Lise , Tran-Dien Alicia , Zhukova Anna , Brown Derek , Chattaway Marie , Simon Sandra , izumiya Hidemasa , Fields Patricia , de Lappe Niall , Kaftyreva Lidia , Xu Xuebin , Isobe Junko , Clermont Dominique , Njamkepo Elisabeth , Akeda Yukihiro , Issenhuth-Jeanjean Sylvie , Makarova Mariia , Wang Yanan , Hunt Martin , Jenkins Brent , Ravel Magali , Guibert Véronique , Serre Estelle , Matveeva Zoya , Fabre Laetitia , Cormican Martin , Yue Min , Morita Masatomo , Iqbal Zamin , Nodari Carolina Silva , Gandara Maria Pardos de la , Hawkey Jane 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Paratyphoid B fever (PTB) is caused by an invasive lineage (phylogroup 1, PG1) of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B (SPB). Here, we provide a genomic overview of the population structure, geographic distribution, and evolution of SPB PG1 by analysing genomes from 568 historical and contemporary isolates, obtained globally, between 1898 and 2021. We show that this pathogen existed in the 13th century, subsequently diversifying into 11 lineages and 38 genotypes with strong phylogeographic patterns. Following its discovery in 1896, it circulated across Europe until the 1970s, after which it was mostly reimported into Europe from South America, the Middle East, South Asia, and North Africa. Antimicrobial resistance recently emerged in various genotypes of SPB PG1, mostly through mutations of the quinolone-resistance-determining regions of gyrA and gyrB. This study provides an unprecedented insight into SPB PG1 and essential genomic tools for identifying and tracking this pathogen, thereby facilitating the global genomic surveillance of PTB.
Gene expression profiling, prognosis, and immune microenvironment of KLF4 in malignancies
Authors: Yu Shoukai , Qian Lingmei , Xu Liling , Ma Jun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Gene expression profiling plays a crucial role in understanding the role of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in prognosis and the tumor immune microenvironment in various malignancies. The transcription factor KLF4 plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Genetic alterations and aberrant KLF4 expression have been observed in many malignancies, thus suggesting a potential role as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target. Herein, a systematic analysis of KLF4 genetic alterations revealed the mutation, amplification, and deletion frequencies across different cancer types. The genetic alteration patterns varied across malignancies, thus highlighting the diverse roles of KLF4 in different tumor contexts. Secondly, the prognostic significance of KLF4 expression was assessed in multiple cancers. High expression levels of KLF4 were associated with better clinical outcomes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, while low KLF4 expression correlated with a favorable prognosis in certain malignancies. In conclusion, the genetic alterations, dysregulated RNA expression, and prognostic implications of KLF4 in malignancies underscore its significance in cancer biology. The findings present will aid in understanding the role of KLF4 in tumor biology and its association with immune responses. Further investigations should focus on further elucidating the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of KLF4 to further assess its potential as a therapeutic target and predictive biomarker in cancer management.
Rare Non Tubal Ectopic Pregnancies in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Pudami Rajyalakshmi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Non-tubal ectopic pregnancies (NT-EPs) are infrequent yet potentially life-threatening conditions, with an incidence scaling from 5–8.3% of all ectopic pregnancies. In this observational descriptive study, seven cases of non-tubal ectopic pregnancies were identified among 36,396 deliveries that occurred between July 2019 and June 2023. Demographic information, symptoms, β-hCG levels, ultrasound detections, management approaches, and treatment results of patients were presented. This study includes two cases of rudimentary horn ectopic treated with resection of the rudimentary horn, a case of cervical pregnancy treated with suction evacuation after ligation of descending cervical arteries and placement of Foley's balloon tamponade after medical treatment, a case of ovarian pregnancy treated with oophorectomy, a case of cesarean scar pregnancy managed with excision of ectopic sac preserving the uterus, another case hysterectomy was needed, and a case of interstitial pregnancy treated with surgical resection of ectopic and suturing the site keeping surgical for strength after failed medical treatment with Methotrexate 2 doses. This manuscript summarizes the experience of a single centre in managing NT-EPs and the diversity of management in different types of non-tubal ectopic pregnancies, emphasizing the importance of a high index of suspicion to enable appropriate treatment, thereby reducing mortality and maternal morbidity and preserving future fertility.
An ecological mechanism determining the direction of species evolution
Authors: Wu Haoyuan , Wu Yonghua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Each species possesses a specific adaptive evolutionary direction, yet the mechanism determining this direction remains less clear. Here, we investigated this mechanism by conducting experimental evolution on Escherichia coli. We introduced an E. coli strain (lac-), initially unable to utilize lactose due to a frameshift mutation, into two different culture media: one medium (L) containing ample sodium acetate and lactose as carbon sources, and the other medium (G) containing abundant glucose and lactose as carbon sources. After 20 days of experimental evolution, our findings revealed that all L-populations underwent parallel evolution through reverse mutation to utilize lactose (lac+), resulting in relatively high fitness gain, while all G-populations did not transition towards lactose utilization but instead maintained the utilization of glucose, which provides higher fitness gain. When lac+ (lactose-eater) and lac- (acetate-eater) were co-cultured in L medium, all lac- individuals were eventually eliminated, while lac+ individuals were consistently selected and retained, indicating that adaptive mutations favoring the evolutionary direction with higher fitness gains competitively exclude those adapted to relatively lower fitness-gain directions. Our findings demonstrate that natural selection, operating between mutations in different adaptive directions, promotes the retention of high-fitness gain directions while eliminating lower-fitness gain directions. This selective pressure compels species to evolve exclusively towards directions offering the highest relative fitness gains, serving as a crucial ecological mechanism in determining the direction of species evolution.
Image sequence-based Financial Time Series forecasting with Self-Supervised Learning
Authors: Li Ningxin , Xu Lidong , Zou Jianke , Por Lip Yee 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Financial time series are characterized by high volatility and non-linearity, presenting significant challenges for analysis. Traditional statistical methods, such as ARIMA and GARCH, struggle with non-linear data, while machine learning and deep learning techniques can capture intricate price transformations but are often susceptible to overfitting. In addition, the limited parameters of one-dimensional financial time series signals restrict feature representation. To address these challenges, we propose a novel image sequence-based financial time series forecasting with self-supervised learning, employing the custom-designed SPP-CLSTM network for stock trend forecasting. Firstly, we introduce a novel signal transformation strategy to capture and analyze richer multi-scale feature representations in financial time series signals. Specifically, we convert one-dimensional stock price time series data into two-dimensional image sequence representations spanning different time intervals through the Gramian Angular Fields. Moreover, we proposed a self-supervised learning framework, which is instrumental in strengthening the model's capacity to identify intrinsic data relationships, allowing the model to detect underlying patterns and structures while efficiently reducing overfitting. Experimental evaluations on the CSI300E and CSI100E datasets confirm the efficacy of our approach, which accurately predicts high-yield stocks and significantly outperforms industry benchmarks, providing robustness and exceptional performance in dynamic financial data environments.