bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of Hoechst 33342 Staining under Wide-Field Microscopy for Evaluation of the Nuclear Status of Living Dog Oocytes
Authors: Chebrout Martine , Adenot Pierre-Gaël , Reynaud Karine , Chastant-Maillard Sylvie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDue to the marked cytoplasmic opacity of canine oocytes, the diagnosis of their nuclear status is difficult. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of Hoechst staining observed under epifluorescence wide-field microscopy [living oocyte observation (LivOO)] by comparison to a reference technique [DNA staining with ethidium homodimer-2 under confocal microscopy; fixed oocyte observation (FixOO)]. Four Hoechst 33342 concentrations (200 ng, 500 ng, 1 μg, 2 μg/mL) were tested and 1 μg/mL was the lowest one with the lowest proportion of oocytes in which DNA was missed. At this concentration, LivOO procedure did not affect the degeneration rate. On 379 oocytes observed individually with the two techniques successively, diagnosis of meiosis resumption by LivOO was exact in 87.3% of the cases, but the meiosis resumption rate was underestimated (23.5% versus 34.3% with FixOO;p< 0.001). Diagnosis for metaphase II was exact in 80% of the cases, but LivOO detected only 72.7% of the metaphase II oocytes present. Metaphase rates did not differ between LivOO and FixOO. This study contributes to a better interpretation ofin vitromaturation results. The developmental potential of metaphase II canine oocytes sorted after Hoechst staining is to be evaluated.
Linking Microstructure and Nanochemistry in Human Dental Tissues
Authors: Srot Vesna , Bussmann Birgit , Salzberger Ute , Koch Christoph T. , van Aken Peter A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMineralized dental tissues and dental pulp were characterized using advanced analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. Quantitative X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy was employed to determine the Ca/P and Mg/P concentration ratios. Significantly lower Ca/P concentration ratios were measured in peritubular dentine compared to intertubular dentine, which is accompanied by higher and variable Mg/P concentration ratios. There is strong evidence that magnesium is partially substituting calcium in the hydroxyapatite structure. Electron energy-loss near-edge structures (ELNES) of C-K and O-K from enamel and dentine are noticeably different. We observe a strong influence of beam damage on mineralized dental tissues and dental pulp, causing changes of the composition and consequently also differences in the ELNES. In this article, the importance of TEM sample preparation and specimen damage through electron irradiation is demonstrated.
Typhoon Melor and ionospheric weather in the Asian sector: A case study
Authors: Rice D. D. , Sojka J. J. , Eccles J. V. , Schunk R. W. 
Published: April 2012

The Space Environment Group of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan, operates four ionosondes at Okinawa, Yamagawa, Kokubunjii, and Wakkanai in the Asian sector. Okinawa is located at the lowest latitude and lies at the northern edge of the northern equatorial anomaly, while Wakkanai is located at the higher latitudes of the midlatitude ionosphere. For this study, ionograms obtained from the Internet are analyzed using the automated Expert System for Ionogram Reduction (ESIR). An anomalous 3 day foF2enhancement observed by the Wakkanai ionosonde from 9 to 11 October 2009 forms the basis for this study. The scientific question being addressed pertains to the remarkably quiescent geomagnetic activity experienced during the extended solar minimum between cycles 23 and 24 that enables a search for the ionospheric response to weather in the lower atmosphere. The analysis of the ionograms from these four stations using the proprietary ESIR technique provides an extended database of electron density profiles that describes the ionospheric variability as a function of latitude, local time, and season. In addition, independent observations of the ionospheric TEC used by the USU Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (GAIM) model verify the anomalous ionospheric behavior as well as establishing its extent. Typical solar minimum conditions were seen during this study, with geomagnetic activity restricted to well‐characterized corotating interaction region (CIR) events. After eliminating geomagnetic and solar disturbances as drivers of the October 2009 anomaly, the presence of Typhoon Melor is suggested as a possible source mechanism for the ionospheric anomaly.
New products
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

A new system to line furnaces with lightweight ceramic fiber and mineral wool materials, instead of thick insulating firebrick, has been introduced by the Refractories and Electronics Division of The Carborundum Company, Niagara Falls, New York.Called Fiberwall, the system consists basically of either thin ‘hot‐face’ blankets or regidized panels of alumina‐silica ceramic fiber, backed by a layer of temperature‐resistant mineral wool, and secured to the structural steel walls of the furnace by either ceramic or stainless steel hangers.
Notes and commentary
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

An International Symposium on Man‐Made Lakes, Their Problems and Environnlental Effects will be held at Knoxville, Tennessee, on May 3–7, 1971.The symposium is being organized by the Scientific Committee on Water Research (COWAR) on behalf of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). Numerous Unions and Committees of ICSU are cooperating, and agencies of the United Nations are providing support. Arrangements in the United States are by the National Academy of Sciences, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and the University of Tennessee.
Foreign reports available on loan
Authors: Johnson A. I. , Downs C. E. 
Published: April 2012

AustraliaAustralian Water Resources Council, Water Resources Newsletter. No. 14, June 1970.Australian Water Resources Council, Sediment Sampling in Australia, Report of a Working Group of the Technical Committee on Surface Water. Water Resources Council Hydrological Series 3. Department of National Development, Canberra, 1969. 47 pp.
Seismic sources, fault plane studies and tectonics
Authors: Brune James N. 
Published: April 2012

Since 1967 seismic source mechanism studies in the United States have seen the following major developments: 1. Detailed interpretation of fault plane solutions in terms of the new global tectonics.2. Quantitative estimates of the rate of fault slip represented by earthquakes; interpretation of these estimates in terms of the new global tectonics; and use of such estimates to predict earthquake potential.
U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

Three events of major importance for the U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics and for the U.S. rock mechanics community have taken place during the past few months. First, at a joint meeting of the U.S. National Committee and the Intersociety Committee for Rock Mechanics (ICRM), held in Rolla, Missouri, on November 15, 1970, both groups agreed unanimously to merge into a single committee that would represent the interests of U.S. activities and workers in rock mechanics both nationally and internationally.Another event of special importance was the election of Leonard A. Obert, of the U.S. Bureau of Mines, Denver, as President of the Society. The third event was ISRM's acceptance of the U.S. National Committee's proposal to host the Third ISRM Congress in Denver in September 1974.
Chapman Memorial Symposium on Magnetospheric Motions
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The Chapman Memorial Symposium on Magnetospheric Motions will be held in Boulder, Colorado, June 18–22, 1973. The symposium is fourth in the series of the Triennial Boulder Geomagnetic Conferences. It is being arranged by the Environmental Research Laboratories of NOAA and the High Altitude Observatory of NCAR. Presently the only sponsor is AGU.The symposium will concern the dynamic magnetosphere, the physics of its changing state, the detection and prediction of such changes, and the important influence of such motions on the environment.
Meteorological Satellite Program
Authors: Fritz S. , Hubert L. F. , McClain E. P. , Smith W. L. , Winston J. S. 
Published: April 2012

The U.S. meteorological satellite program has matured considerably since its beginning on April 1, 1960. The program now has a regular, routine, observational part but also continues a vigorous expansion into new types of measurement [Johnson, 1970; Tepper, 1967].Operationally, the world is observed routinely every day; digitized mosaics of the world's cloud cover are obtained regularly by means of AVCS (Advanced Vidicon Camera System) television cameras and tape storage [Johnson, 1969]. In addition, about 500 stations in over 50 countries receive cloud pictures daily of large areas surrounding each station through APT (Automatic Picture Transmission). Also, infrared radiation data in the form of pictures are beginning to be received with operational regularity from ITOS 1 (improved Tiros) [Albert, 1968].
International Symposium on Soil Water Physics and Technology
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

An International Symposium on Soil Water Physics and Technology will be held in Rehovot, Israel, August 29–September 5, 1971. The topics will include energy relations of water in soil, infiltration and unsaturated flow phenomena, cycle and balance of water in the field, evapotranspiration, irrigation, and soil water salinity problems. A special panel will be convened on the topic of ’Optimizing the Soil Physical Environment toward Greater Crop Yields.‘The proceedings of the symposium and of the special panel will be published.
Fourth presentation: Walter H. Bucher Medal to Robert S. Dietz
Authors: Wilson J. T. , Dietz Robert S. 
Published: April 2012

Robert S. Dietz is at once versatile and imaginative. There are few places that he has not visited, and many and original have been his contributions to earth science.In 1941, after receiving his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois, he joined the United States Air Force and served until 1946 when he became a member of Admiral Byrd's last expedition to Antarctica.
Aurora
Authors: McCormac Billy M. 
Published: April 2012

Auroras have been investigated from two points of view: the first is used to study atmospheric processes, and the second is an aid in analyzing magnetospheric phenomena. Much progress has been made as a result of correlated observations, which should become much more important in the future. There have been correlations of auroral observations with observations of magnetospheric particle behavior, radio absorption and scatter, and particle precipitation and ionospheric data.Auroras occur in a narrow band in the shape of an oval that is offset a few degrees from the magnetic pole. The oval is continous, widens and shifts equatorward with increased Kp, and has much structure. During disturbed times the day side motion is faster and therefore the oval tends toward a circle with increase of Kp. Although the auroral observations may appear to be continous on the basis of widely separated observations, there may be several separate processes involved.
New Information Retrieval System for government‐funded reports
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

Abstracts of technical reports produced from government‐funded research and development projects released since 1964 can now be obtained by the public from a single source.William T. Knox, Director of the National Technical Information Service, has announced a new computer information retrieval service—NTISearch—which he called a fast and easy way to obtain and evaluatecurrent research reports.
Structural resilience of the gut microbiota in adult mice under high-fat dietary perturbations
Authors: Zhang Chenhong , Zhang Menghui , Pang Xiaoyan , Zhao Yufeng , Wang Linghua , Zhao Liping 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Disruption of the gut microbiota by high-fat diet (HFD) has been implicated in the development of obesity. It remains to be elucidated whether the HFD-induced shifts occur at the phylum level or whether they can be attributed to specific phylotypes; additionally, it is unclear to what extent the changes are reversible under normal chow (NC) feeding. One group (diet-induced obesity, DIO) of adult C57BL/6J mice was fed a HFD for 12 weeks until significant obesity and insulin resistance were observed, and then these mice were switched to NC feeding for 10 weeks. Upon switching to NC feeding, the metabolic deteriorations observed during HFD consumption were significantly alleviated. The second group (control, CHO) remained healthy under continuous NC feeding. UniFrac analysis of bar-coded pyrosequencing data showed continued structural segregation of DIO from CHO on HFD. At 4 weeks after switching back to NC, the gut microbiota in the DIO group had already moved back to the CHO space, and continued to progress along the same age trajectory and completely converged with CHO after 10 weeks. Redundancy analysis identified 77 key phylotypes responding to the dietary perturbations. HFD-induced shifts of these phylotypes all reverted to CHO levels over time. Some of these phylotypes exhibited robust age-related changes despite the dramatic abundance variations in response to dietary alternations. These findings suggest that HFD-induced structural changes of the gut microbiota can be attributed to reversible elevation or diminution of specific phylotypes, indicating the significant structural resilience of the gut microbiota of adult mice to dietary perturbations.
Antarctic and Southern Ocean influences on Late Pliocene global cooling
Authors: McKay Robert , Naish Tim , Carter Lionel , Riesselman Christina , Dunbar Robert , Sjunneskog Charlotte , Winter Diane , Sangiorgi Francesca , Warren Courtney , Pagani Mark , Schouten Stefan , Willmott Veronica , Levy Richard , DeConto Robert , Powell Ross D. 
Published: April 2012

The influence of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean on Late Pliocene global climate reconstructions has remained ambiguous due to a lack of well-dated Antarctic-proximal, paleoenvironmental records. Here we present ice sheet, sea-surface temperature, and sea ice reconstructions from the ANDRILL AND-1B sediment core recovered from beneath the Ross Ice Shelf. We provide evidence for a major expansion of an ice sheet in the Ross Sea that began at ∼3.3 Ma, followed by a coastal sea surface temperature cooling of ∼2.5 °C, a stepwise expansion of sea ice, and polynya-style deep mixing in the Ross Sea between 3.3 and 2.5 Ma. The intensification of Antarctic cooling resulted in strengthened westerly winds and invigorated ocean circulation. The associated northward migration of Southern Ocean fronts has been linked with reduced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation by restricting surface water connectivity between the ocean basins, with implications for heat transport to the high latitudes of the North Atlantic. While our results do not exclude low-latitude mechanisms as drivers for Pliocene cooling, they indicate an additional role played by southern high-latitude cooling during development of the bipolar world.
Ligand-binding site prediction using ligand-interacting and binding site-enriched protein triangles
Authors: Xie Zhong-Ru , Hwang Ming−Jing 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Knowledge about the site at which a ligand binds provides an important clue for predicting the function of a protein and is also often a prerequisite for performing docking computations in virtual drug design and screening. We have previously shown that certain ligand-interacting triangles of protein atoms, called protein triangles, tend to occur more frequently at ligand-binding sites than at other parts of the protein.
Results: In this work, we describe a new ligand-binding site prediction method that was developed based on binding site-enriched protein triangles. The new method was tested on 2 benchmark datasets and on 19 targets from two recent community-based studies of such predictions, and excellent results were obtained. Where comparisons were made, the success rates for the new method for the first predicted site were significantly better than methods that are not a meta-predictor. Further examination showed that, for most of the unsuccessful predictions, the pocket of the ligand-binding site was identified, but not the site itself, whereas for some others, the failure was not due to the method itself but due to the use of an incorrect biological unit in the structure examined, although using correct biological units would not necessarily improve the prediction success rates. These results suggest that the new method is a valuable new addition to a suite of existing structure-based bioinformatics tools for studies of molecular recognition and related functions of proteins in post-genomics research.
Availability: The executable binaries and a web server for our method are available from http://sourceforge.net/projects/msdock/ and http://lise.ibms.sinica.edu.tw, respectively, free for academic users.
Contact: mjhwang@ibms.sinica.edu.tw
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Characterization of the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Okumura Masaki , Inoue Shin-ichiro , Takahashi Koji , Ishizaki Kimitsune , Kohchi Takayuki , Kinoshita Toshinori 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The plasma membrane H+-ATPase generates an electrochemical gradient of H+ across the plasma membrane that provides the driving force for solute transport and regulates pH homeostasis and membrane potential in plant cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that phosphorylation of the penultimate threonine in H+-ATPase and subsequent binding of a 14-3-3 protein is the major common activation mechanism for H+-ATPase in vascular plants. However, there is very little information on the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in nonvascular plant bryophytes. Here, we show that the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, which is the most basal lineage of extant land plants, expresses both the penultimate threonine-containing H+-ATPase (pT H+-ATPase) and non-penultimate threonine-containing H+-ATPase (non-pT H+-ATPase) as in the green algae and that pT H+-ATPase is regulated by phosphorylation of its penultimate threonine. A search in the expressed sequence tag database of M. polymorpha revealed eight H+-ATPase genes, designated MpHA (for M. polymorpha H+-ATPase). Four isoforms are the pT H+-ATPase; the remaining isoforms are non-pT H+-ATPase. An apparent 95-kD protein was recognized by anti-H+-ATPase antibodies against an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) isoform and was phosphorylated on the penultimate threonine in response to the fungal toxin fusicoccin in thalli, indicating that the 95-kD protein contains pT H+-ATPase. Furthermore, we found that the pT H+-ATPase in thalli is phosphorylated in response to light, sucrose, and osmotic shock and that light-induced phosphorylation depends on photosynthesis. Our results define physiological signals for the regulation of pT H+-ATPase in the liverwort M. polymorpha, which is one of the earliest plants to acquire pT H+-ATPase.
DDX39 acts as a suppressor of invasion for bladder cancer
Authors: Kato Minoru , Wei Min , Yamano Shotaro , Kakehashi Anna , Tamada Satoshi , Nakatani Tatsuya , Wanibuchi Hideki 
Published: April 2012

The object of the present study was to identify markers for predicting urinary bladder cancer progression by comparative proteome analysis of bladder cancers and paired normal mucosas. We found that DDX39 was overexpressed in four of six bladder cancers examined compared with respective control tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis using 303 bladder cancer specimens revealed that DDX39 was inversely correlated to pT stage and histological grade progression. The incidence of DDX39high tumors (positive cells ≥50%) was 68.6%, 43.5%, 20.0%, and 5.3% in pTa, pT1, pTis, and ≥pT2 tumors, respectively, and 65.2%, 60.7%, and 19.6% in G1, G2, and G3 tumors, respectively. The incidence of DDX39high tumors was significantly lower in pT1 and ≥pT2 compared to pTa tumors, and also significantly lower in G3 compared to G1 and G2 tumors. Follow‐up analysis (n = 105) revealed that DDX39low tumors (positive cells <50%) were associated with disease progression (hazard ratio 7.485; P = 0.0083). Furthermore, DDX39‐knockdown bladder cancer cells increased their invasion ability compared to negative control cells. These results suggest that DDX39 is a suppressor of invasion and loss of its function predicts disease progression in bladder cancers. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 1363–1369)
Validating the impact of a molecular subtype in ovarian cancer on outcomes: A study of theOVCADConsortium
Authors: Pils Dietmar , Hager Gudrun , Tong Dan , Aust Stefanie , Heinze Georg , Kohl Maria , Schuster Eva , Wolf Andrea , Sehouli Jalid , Braicu Ioana , Vergote Ignace , Cadron Isabelle , Mahner Sven , Hofstetter Gerda , Speiser Paul , Zeillinger Robert 
Published: April 2012

Most patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are diagnosed at advanced stage and have a poor prognosis. However, a small proportion of these patients will survive, whereas others will die very quickly. Clinicopathological factors do not allow precise identification of these subgroups. Thus, we have validated a molecular subclassification as new prognostic factor inEOC. One hundred and ninety‐four patients with StageII–IV EOCwere characterized by whole‐genome expression profiling of tumor tissues and were classified using a published 112 gene set, derived from an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage‐directed supervised classification approach. The 194 tumor samples were classified into two subclasses comprising 95 (Subclass 1) and 99 (Subclass 2) tumors. All nineFIGO IItumors were grouped in Subclass 1 (P = 0.001). Subclass 2 (54% of advanced‐stage tumors) was significantly correlated with peritoneal carcinomatosis and non‐optimal debulking. Patients with Subclass 2 tumors had a worse overall survival for both serous and non‐serous histological subtypes, as revealed by univariate analysis (hazard ratios [HR] of 3.17 and 17.11, respectively;P ≤ 0.001) and in models corrected for relevant clinicopathologic parameters (HR2.87 and 12.42, respectively;P ≤ 0.023). Significance analysis of microarrays revealed 2082 genes that were differentially expressed in advanced‐grade serous tumors of both subclasses and the focal adhesion pathway as the most deregulated pathway. In the present validation study, we have shown that, in advanced‐stage serous ovarian cancer, two approximately equally large molecular subtypes exist, independent of classical clinocopathological parameters and presenting with highly different whole‐genome expression profiles and a markedly different overall survival. Similar results were obtained in a small cohort of patients with non‐serous tumors. (Cancer Sci2012; 103: 1334–1341)