bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of beta diversity in Europe: the role of climate, land cover and distance across scales
Authors: Keil Petr , Schweiger Oliver , Kühn Ingolf , Kunin William E. , Kuussaari Mikko , Settele Josef , Henle Klaus , Brotons Lluís , Pe’er Guy , Lengyel Szabolcs , Moustakas Aristides , Steinicke Henning , Storch David 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim We test the prediction that beta diversity (species turnover) and the decay of community similarity with distance depend on spatial resolution (grain). We also study whether patterns of beta diversity are related to variability in climate, land cover or geographic distance and how the independent effects of these variables depend on the spatial grain of the data.Location Europe, Great Britain, Finland and Catalonia.Methods We used data on European birds, plants, butterflies, amphibians and reptiles, and data on British plants, Catalonian birds and Finnish butterflies. We fitted two or three nested grids of varying resolutions to each of these datasets. For each grid we calculated differences in climate, differences in land‐cover composition (CORINE) and beta diversity (βsim, βJaccard) between all pairs of grid cells. In a separate analysis we looked specifically at pairs of adjacent grid cells (the first distance class). We then used variation partitioning to identify the magnitude of independent statistical associations (i.e. independent effects in the statistical sense) of climate, land cover and geographic distance with spatial patterns of beta diversity.Results Beta diversity between grid cells at any given distance decreased with increasing grain. Geographic distance was always the most important predictor of beta diversity for all pairwise comparisons at the extent of Europe. Climate and land cover had weaker but distinct and grain‐dependent effects. Climate was more important at relatively coarse grains, whereas land‐cover effects were stronger at finer grains. In the country‐wide analyses, climate and land cover were more important than geographic distance. Climatic and land‐cover models performed poorly and showed no systematic grain dependence for beta diversity between adjacent grid cells.Main conclusions We found that relationships between geographic distance and beta diversity, as well as the environmental correlates of beta diversity, are systematically grain dependent. The strong independent effect of distance indicates that, contrary to the current belief, a substantial fraction of species are missing from areas with a suitable environment. Moreover, the effects of geographic distance (at continental extents) and land cover (at fine grains) indicate that any species distribution modelling should take both environment and dispersal limitation into account.
Recent colonization of the Galápagos by the tree Geoffroea spinosa Jacq. (Leguminosae)
Authors: CAETANO S. , CURRAT M. , PENNINGTON R. T. , PRADO D. , EXCOFFIER L. , NACIRI Y. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis study puts together genetic data and an approximate bayesian computation (ABC) approach to infer the time at which the tree Geoffroea spinosa colonized the Galápagos Islands. The genetic diversity and differentiation between Peru and Galápagos population samples, estimated using three chloroplast spacers and six microsatellite loci, reveal significant differences between two mainland regions separated by the Andes mountains (Inter Andean vs. Pacific Coast) as well as a significant genetic differentiation of island populations. Microsatellites identify two distinct geographical clusters, the Galápagos and the mainland, and chloroplast markers show a private haplotype in the Galápagos. The nuclear distinctiveness of the Inter Andean populations suggests current restricted pollen flow, but chloroplast points to cross‐Andean dispersals via seeds, indicating that the Andes might not be an effective biogeographical barrier. The ABC analyses clearly point to the colonization of the Galápagos within the last 160 000 years and possibly as recently as 4750 years ago (475 generations). Founder events associated with colonization of the two islands where the species occurs are detected, with Española having been colonized after Floreana. We discuss two nonmutually exclusive possibilities for the colonization of the Galápagos, recent natural dispersal vs. human introduction.
Detailed analysis of Helicobacter pylori Fur‐regulated promoters reveals a Fur box core sequence and novel Fur‐regulated genes
Authors: Pich Oscar Q. , Carpenter Beth M. , Gilbreath Jeremy J. , Merrell D. Scott 
Published: April 2012

SummaryIn Helicobacter pylori, iron balance is controlled by the Ferric uptake regulator (Fur), an iron‐sensing repressor protein that typically regulates expression of genes implicated in iron transport and storage. Herein, we carried out extensive analysis of Fur‐regulated promoters and identified a 7‐1‐7 motif with dyad symmetry (5′‐TAATAATnATTATTA‐3′), which functions as the Fur box core sequence of H. pylori. Addition of this sequence to the promoter region of a typically non‐Fur regulated gene was sufficient to impose Fur‐dependent regulation in vivo. Moreover, mutation of this sequence within Fur‐controlled promoters negated regulation. Analysis of the H. pylori chromosome for the occurrence of the Fur box established the existence of well‐conserved Fur boxes in the promoters of numerous known Fur‐regulated genes, and revealed novel putative Fur targets. Transcriptional analysis of the new candidate genes demonstrated Fur‐dependent repression of HPG27_51, HPG27_52, HPG27_199, HPG27_445, HPG27_825 and HPG27_1063, as well as Fur‐mediated activation of the cytotoxin associated gene A, cagA (HPG27_507). Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed specific binding of Fur to the promoters of each of these genes. Future experiments will determine whether loss of Fur regulation of any of these particular genes contributes to the defects in colonization exhibited by the H. pylori fur mutant.
Combined transcriptomic and physiological approaches reveal strong differences between short‐ and long‐term response of rice (Oryza sativa) to iron toxicity
Authors: QUINET MURIEL , VROMMAN DELPHINE , CLIPPE ANDRÉ , BERTIN PIERRE , LEQUEUX HÉLÈNE , DUFEY INÈS , LUTTS STANLEY , LEFÈVRE ISABELLE 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTFerrous iron toxicity is a mineral disorder frequently occurring under waterlogged soils where rice is cultivated. To decipher the main metabolic pathways involved in rice response to iron excess, seedlings have been exposed to 125 mg L−1 FeSO4 for 3 weeks. A combined transcriptomic, biochemical and physiological study has been performed after short‐term (3 d) or long‐term (3 weeks) exposure to iron in order to elucidate the strategy of stress adaptation with time. Our results showed that short‐ and long‐term exposure involved a very different response in gene expression regarding both the number and function. A larger number of genes were up‐ or down‐regulated after 3 d than after 3 weeks of iron treatment; these changes also occurred in shoot even though no significant difference in iron concentration was recorded. Those modifications in gene expression after 3 d affected not only genes involved in hormonal signalling but also genes involved in C‐compound and carbohydrate metabolism, oxygen and electron transfer, oxidative stress, and iron homeostasis and transport. Modification in some gene expression can be followed by modification in corresponding metabolic products and physiological properties, or differed in time for some others, underlying the importance of an integrated study.
COMT Val158Met modulates the effect of childhood adverse experiences on the risk of alcohol dependence
Authors: Schellekens Arnt F. A. , Franke Barbara , Ellenbroek Bart , Cools Alexander , de Jong Cor A. J. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Verkes Robbert‐Jan 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTGenetic factors and childhood adverse experiences contribute to the vulnerability to alcohol dependence. However, empirical data on the interplay between specific genes and adverse experiences are few. The COMT Val158Met and DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A genotypes have been suggested to affect both stress sensitivity and the risk for alcohol dependence. This study tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in COMT Val158Met and DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A interacts with childhood adverse experiences to predict alcohol dependence. Male abstinent alcohol‐dependent patients (n = 110) and age‐matched healthy male controls (n = 99) were genotyped for the COMT Val158Met and the DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A genotypes. Childhood adverse events were measured using three self‐report questionnaires. Alcohol dependence severity, age of onset and duration of alcohol dependence were analyzed as secondary outcome measures. Statistical analysis involved logistic regression analysis and analysis of variance. Alcohol‐dependent patients reported increased childhood adversity. The interaction between childhood adversity and the COMT Val158Met genotype added significantly to the prediction model. This gene–environment interaction was confirmed in the analysis of the secondary outcome measures, i.e. alcohol dependence severity, age of onset and duration of alcohol dependence. The DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A genotype was not related to alcohol dependence, nor did it interact with childhood adversity in predicting alcohol dependence. This study provides evidence for a gene–environment interaction in alcohol dependence, in which an individual's sensitivity to childhood adverse experience is moderated by the COMT genotype. Exposed carriers of a low‐activity Met allele have a higher risk to develop severe alcohol dependence than individuals homozygous for the Val allele.
Homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in the ATP6V1B1 gene in patients with renal tubular acidosis and sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Mohebbi N , Vargas‐Poussou R , Hegemann SCA , Schuknecht B , Kistler AD , Wüthrich RP , Wagner CA 
Published: April 2012

Mohebbi N, Vargas‐Poussou R, Hegemann SCA, Schuknecht B, Kistler AD, Wüthrich RP, Wagner CA. Homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in the ATP6V1B1 gene in patients with renal tubular acidosis and sensorineural hearing loss.Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is characterized by the inability to excrete acid in the renal collecting ducts resulting in inappropriately alkaline urine and hyperchloremic (normal anion gap) metabolic acidosis in the context of a normal (or near‐normal) glomerular filtration rate. Inborn dRTA can be due to autosomal dominant or recessive gene defects. Clinical symptoms vary from mild acidosis, incidental detection of kidney stones or renal tract calcification to severe findings such as failure to thrive, severe metabolic acidosis, and nephrocalcinosis. The majority of patients with recessive dRTA present with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Few cases with abnormal widening of the vestibular aqueduct have been described with dRTA. Mutations in three different genes have been identified, namely SLC4A1, ATP6V1B1, and ATP6V0A4. Patients with mutations in the ATP6V1B1 proton pump subunit develop dRTA and in most of the cases sensorineural hearing loss early in childhood. We present two patients from two different and non‐consanguineous families with dRTA and SNHL. Direct sequencing of the ATP6V1B1 gene revealed that one patient harbors two homozygous mutations and the other one is a compound heterozygous. To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature describing homozygosity in the same dRTA gene on both alleles.
Genetic and cellular basis of cerebral cavernous malformations: implications for clinical management
Authors: Bacigaluppi S , Retta SF , Pileggi S , Fontanella M , Goitre L , Tassi L , La Camera A , Citterio A , Patrosso MC , Tredici G , Penco S 
Published: April 2012

Bacigaluppi S, Retta SF, Pileggi S, Fontanella M, Goitre L, Tassi L, La Camera A, Citterio A, Patrosso MC, Tredici G, Penco S. Genetic and cellular basis of cerebral cavernous malformations: implications for clinical management.Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are a diffuse cerebrovascular disease affecting approximately 0.5% of the population. A CCM is characterized by abnormally enlarged and leaky capillaries arranged in mulberry‐like structures with no clear flow pattern. The lesion might predispose to seizures, focal neurological deficits or fatal intracerebral hemorrhage. However, a CCM can also remain neurologically silent. It might either occur sporadically or as an inherited disorder with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Due to advances in imaging techniques, the incidence of CCM diagnoses are increasing, and the patient must be managed on a multidisciplinary basis: genetic counselling, treatment if needed, and follow‐up. Advances have been made using radiological and pathological correlates of CCM lesions adding to the accumulated knowledge of this disease, although management of these patients is very variable among centers. This review is aimed at providing an update in genetic and molecular insights of this condition. Included are implications for genetic counselling, and possible approaches to prevention and treatment that derive from the understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms.
Hyperlipidemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: prevalence, risk factors, and impact on prognosis
Authors: Kagoya Yuki , Seo Sachiko , Nannya Yasuhito , Kurokawa Mineo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHyperlipidemia is one of the late complications after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Although intrahepatic cholestasis caused by chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) or calcineurin inhibitors has been considered as possible etiologies, its prevalence, risk factors, and impact on prognosis have not been investigated well. We performed a retrospective analysis of 194 patients who underwent allogeneic SCT between 1995 and 2008 in our institute and survived more than 100 d after SCT. Overall, 83 (42.8%) and 99 (50.8%) patients developed hypercholesterolemia (≥240 mg/dL) and hypertriglyceridemia (≥200 mg/dL), respectively. In multivariate analysis, the development of chronic GVHD (hazard ratio [HR] 2.04, p < 0.05) and steroid use (HR 2.24, p < 0.01) were independently associated with hypercholesterolemia, while administration of calcineurin inhibitors was not. As for the prognostic impact, multivariate analysis showed that the patients with hypercholesterolemia had a tendency of lower rate of relapse (HR: 0.44, p = 0.07). There was no difference in non‐relapse mortality or overall survival between the groups. In conclusion, the development of hypercholesterolemia is regarded as one of the symptoms accompanied with chronic GVHD and might indicate a better control of the primary disease.
High frequency of CD4+CD25−CD69+T cells is correlated with a low risk of acute graft‐versus‐host disease in allotransplants
Authors: Lu Sheng‐Ye , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Liu Kai‐Yan , Liu Dai‐Hong , Xu Lan‐Ping 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain transplantation tolerance and suppress graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) in humans. We monitored 17 subjects with acute GvHD to determine whether Treg frequency correlates with acute GvHD. We found the percent of CD4+CD25−CD69+ Tregs decreases when acute GvHD develops and increases after acute GvHD is controlled. We next sequentially studied 50 subjects receiving conventional allotransplants. We show a high frequency and increased numbers of CD4+CD25−CD69+ Tregs are associated with a reduced risk of acute GvHD. We also show that CD4+CD25−CD69+ Treg numbers increase substantially early after allografts and that a low percent of CD4+CD25−CD69+ Tregs is associated with an increased risk of acute GvHD. Reconstitution of Tregs early post‐transplant is associated with less acute GvHD. These data imply that CD4+CD25−CD69+ Tregs are a novel subset of regulatory T cells that may protect against acute GvHD after allotransplants.
Balanced efficacy, safety, and tolerability recommendations for the clinical management of bipolar disorder
Authors: Malhi Gin S , Bargh Danielle M , McIntyre Roger , Gitlin Michael , Frye Mark A , Bauer Michael , Berk Michael 
Published: April 2012

Malhi GS, Bargh DM, McIntyre R, Gitlin M, Frye MA, Bauer M, Berk M. Balanced efficacy, safety, and tolerability recommendations for the clinical management of bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14 (Suppl. 2): 1–21. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  To provide practical and clinically meaningful treatment recommendations that amalgamate clinical experience and research findings for each phase of bipolar disorder.Methods:  A comprehensive search of the literature was undertaken using electronic database search engines (Medline, PubMed, Cochrane reviews) using key words (e.g., bipolar depression, mania, treatment). All relevant randomised controlled trials were examined, along with review papers, meta‐analyses, and book chapters known to the authors. In addition, the recommendations from accompanying papers in this supplement have been distilled and captured in the form of summary boxes. The findings, in conjunction with the clinical experience of international researchers and clinicians who are practiced in treating mood disorders, formed the basis of the treatment recommendations within this paper.Results:  Balancing clinical experience with evidence informed and lead to the development of practical clinical recommendations that emphasise the importance of safety and tolerability alongside efficacy in the clinical management of bipolar disorder.Conclusions:  The current paper summarises the treatment recommendations relating to each phase of bipolar disorder while providing additional, evidence‐based, practical insights. Medication‐related side effects and monitoring strategies highlight the importance of safety and tolerability considerations, which, along with efficacy information, should be given equal merit.
Efficacy of antimanic treatments in mixed states
Authors: McIntyre Roger S , Yoon Jinju 
Published: April 2012

McIntyre RS, Yoon J. Efficacy of antimanic treatments in mixed states. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14 (Suppl. 2): 22–36. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  To review the efficacy of pharmacological agents in bipolar mixed states.Methods:  We conducted a PubMed search of all English‐language articles involving Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved agents for manic/mixed states in adults with bipolar I disorder. We also included names of agents established as efficacious in acute mania/mixed states that have not received FDA approval for bipolar disorder. Bibliographies from relevant articles were also searched. The efficacy of each agent in the mixed state subpopulation was reviewed, as evidenced by change from baseline on total scores of mania [e.g., Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)] and depression [e.g., Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)] measures.Results:  No available study is dedicated exclusively to the evaluation of mixed state populations. Although key inclusion and exclusion criteria are similar across treatment studies, mixed states have been variably defined and measured. The use of conventional manic and depressive metrics in bipolar mixed states perpetuates the unproven notion that mixed states are the consequence of coexisting depression and mania. Notwithstanding the methodological limitations, there are numerically more studies that exist for atypical antipsychotic agents than for any other class. On the basis of symptomatic improvement, recommendations for and/or strong admonishments against any established antimanic agents (e.g., lithium) cannot be made. An emergent signal supports combination treatment strategies (e.g., atypical antipsychotic plus divalproex) over mood stabilizer monotherapy (e.g., divalproex). Available evidence does not empirically support the hypothesis that conventional antipsychotics engender and/or amplify depressive symptoms in bipolar mixed states.Conclusions:  All proven antimanic agents (including lithium), can be recommended in the treatment of mixed/dysphoric states. The totality of evidence with attention paid to the therapeutic index of each agent would suggest that atypical antipsychotics and divalproex be considered as first‐line treatment, with lithium and carbamazepine as second‐line. Most individuals will require combination therapy for the treatment of mixed states; variable combinations of atypical antipsychotics and conventional mood stabilizers have the most replicated evidence.
The clinical management of bipolar disorder complexity using a stratified model
Authors: Malhi Gin S , Bargh Danielle M , Cashman Emma , Frye Mark A , Gitlin Michael 
Published: April 2012

Malhi GS, Bargh DM, Cashman E, Frye MA, Gitlin M. The clinical management of bipolar disorder complexity using a stratified model. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14 (Suppl. 2): 66–89. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  To provide practical and clinically meaningful treatment recommendations that amalgamate clinical and research considerations for several common, and as yet understudied, bipolar disorder complex presentations, within the framework of a proposed stratified model.Methods:  A comprehensive search of the literature was undertaken using electronic database search engines (Medline, PubMed, Web of Science) using key words (e.g., bipolar disorder, anxiety, rapid cycling, and subsyndromal). All relevant randomised controlled trials were examined, in addition to review papers, meta‐analyses, and book chapters known to the authors. The findings formed the basis of the treatment recommendations within this paper.Results:  In light of the many broad presentations of bipolar disorder, a stratified model of bipolar disorder complexity was developed to facilitate consideration of the myriad of complexities that can occur during the longitudinal course of illness and the appropriate selection of treatment. Evidence‐based treatment recommendations are provided for the following bipolar disorder presentations: bipolar II disorder, subsyndromal symptoms, mixed states, rapid cycling, comorbid anxiety, comorbid substance abuse, and for the following special populations: young, elderly, and bipolar disorder around the time of pregnancy and birth. In addition, some key strategies for countering treatment non‐response and alternative medication recommendations are provided.Conclusions:  Treatment recommendations for the more challenging presentations of bipolar disorder have historically received less attention, despite their prevalence. This review acknowledges the weaknesses in the current evidence base on which treatment recommendations are generally formulated, and additionally emphasises the need for high‐quality research in this area. The stratified model provides a means for conceptualizing the complexity of many bipolar disorder presentations and considering their management.