bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of existential threat on reading comprehension of worldview affirming and disconfirming information
Authors: Williams Todd J. , Schimel Jeff , Hayes Joseph , Faucher Erik H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTerror management theory posits that cultural worldviews buffer people from thoughts and concerns about death. In support of this claim, numerous studies have shown that mortality salience (MS) increases an individual's motivation to uphold and defend important cultural worldviews. We hypothesized that the motivation to defend cultural worldviews following MS would also enhance people's ability to comprehend worldview affirming (vs. disconfirming) information. Three studies investigated this possibility. Study 1 showed that MS (vs. control) increased reading comprehension of a pro‐evolution essay among participants with a strongly evolutionist worldview, but decreased reading comprehension among participants with a strongly creationist worldview. With the use of a pro‐creation essay, Study 2 conceptually replicated these effects and demonstrated that the interactive effect of worldview and death anxiety on reading comprehension was mediated by defensive motivation. Study 3 replicated the results of Studies 1 and 2 among participants with a strongly evolutionist worldview, but only when the information in the essay was perceived as veridical. Discussion focused on the specific process through which MS affects reading comprehension of worldview relevant ideas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The accumulating effects of shared expectations
Authors: Willard Jennifer , Madon Stephanie , Guyll Max , Scherr Kyle C. , Buller Ashley A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis research examined whether self‐fulfilling prophecies and perceptual confirmation effects accumulated across people. Trios of same‐sex participants, each consisting of two interviewers and one target, were randomly assigned to one of three conditions that served to manipulate interviewers' expectations (i.e., non‐hostile vs. hostile) and the similarity of their expectations (i.e., similar vs. dissimilar) for targets. Each trio participated in an interaction in which interviewers asked targets questions. Targets' hostility during the interaction and interviewers' impressions of targets' hostility following the interaction served as the primary dependent variables. Results indicated that perceptual confirmation effects accumulated across interviewers. Even though targets' behavior during the interaction did not differ across conditions, interviewers nonetheless judged targets as more hostile when both interviewers expected targets to be hostile than when only one did. The authors discuss these findings in terms of the potential implications for those who have multiple inaccurate and unfavorable expectations held about them. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chitosan Stabilized Gold Nanoparticle‐Modified Au Electrodes for the Determination of Polyphenol Index in Wines: a Preliminary Study
Authors: Curulli Antonella , Di Carlo Gabriella , Ingo Gabriel M. , Riccucci Cristina , Zane Daniela , Bianchini Chiara 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGold‐chitosan nanocomposite is successfully proposed for assembling a sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for the determination of an antioxidant such as caffeic acid, which has recently attracted much attention due to its benefits on human health. In this paper, taking advantage of the peculiar sensing performance of the nanocomposite, an analytical method based on differential pulse voltammetry for determination of polyphenol index in wines was proposed.
Voltammetric Determination of Nicotine at Poly(4‐Amino‐3‐Hydroxynaphthalene Sulfonic Acid)‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Geto Alemnew , Amare Maereg , Tessema Merid , Admassie Shimelis 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA poly(4‐amino‐3‐hydroxynaphthalene sulfonic acid)‐modified glassy carbon electrode was developed for the voltammetric determination of nicotine. An oxidation signal at lower potential with higher current was obtained for nicotine at the polymer‐modified electrode compared to bare glassy carbon electrode suggesting the electrocatalytic effect of the polymer film. Under optimum conditions, square wave voltammetry of nicotine showed oxidation at +884 mV (vs. SCE) in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.5. The calibration curve was linear over the range 1.0 to 200.0 µM (R2=0.9987) concentration of nicotine with a detection limit (S/N=3) of 8.66×10−7 mol L−1. Application of the proposed method to cigarette tobacco samples gave acceptable recovery results of 90.7 % to 107.2 %.
Investigation of in‐line solid‐phase extraction capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in water samples
Authors: Botello Igor , Borrull Francesc , Aguilar Carme , Calull Marta 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this study, in‐line solid‐phase extraction (SPE) was used as an enrichment technique in combination with CE for the preconcentration and separation of 2‐ethylidene‐1,5‐dimethyl‐3,3‐diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), cocaine (COC), codeine (COD) and 6‐acetylmorphine (6AM). The separation buffer (BGE) used was 80 mM disodium phosphate anhydrous and 6 mM of HCl (final BGE pH of 3). The SPE extractor consists of a small segment of capillary filled with Oasis HLB sorbent and inserted into the inlet section of the electrophoretic capillary. Different parameters affecting preconcentration were evaluated, such as sample pH, the volume of the elution plug and sample injection time. The detection limits (LODs) reached for standard samples by in‐line SPE‐CE‐UV ranged between 50 and 200 ng/L, with sensitivity enhancement factors ranging from 2300 to 5300. Reproducibility values (expressed in terms of relative standard deviation) were below 7.6% for standard samples. This is a simple and an effective method for the determination of the studied drugs of abuse and their metabolites. The applicability of the developed method was demonstrated in tap and river water samples which were directly analyzed without any off‐line pretreatment. Analytical parameters were evaluated and LODs were between 70 and 270 ng/L with relative recoveries between 85 and 97%.
Mechanism of change in enantiomer migration order of enantioseparation of tartaric acid by ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis with Cu(II) and Ni(II)–D‐quinic acid systems
Authors: Aizawa Sen‐Ichi , Kodama Shuji 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe mechanism of change in the enantiomer migration order (EMO) of tartarate on ligand exchange CE with Cu(II)– and Ni(II)–D‐quinic acid systems was investigated thoroughly by circular dichroism (CD) spectropolarimetry. The 13C NMR spectra of solutions containing D‐quinate (pH 5.0) with Cu(II) or Ni(II) revealed the coordination of carboxylate and hydroxyl groups on D‐quinate. The D‐quinic acid concentration dependence of the CD spectra at a fixed Cu(II) concentration at pH 5.0 indicates that the 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 Cu(II)–D‐quinate complexes were formed with an increase in the concentration of D‐quinic acid. The CD spectral behavior revealed that D‐tartarate is selectively coordinated to the 1:1 complex to give the 1:1:1 Cu(II)–D‐quinate–D‐tartarate ternary complex while L‐tartarate is selectively bound to the 1:2 and 1:3 complexes to form the 1:2:1 ternary complex. In the Ni(II)–D‐quinic acid system, it became apparent that the 1:2 Ni(II)–D‐quinate complex is mainly formed in the wide range of D‐quinic acid concentration at pH 5.0 and D‐tartarate is selectively coordinated to the 1:2 complex to form the 1:2:1 ternary complex. The change in EMO of tartarate on ligand exchange CE was explainable by the change in coordination selectivity for D‐ and L‐tartarates in the Cu(II)– and Ni(II)–D‐quinic acid systems depending on the compositions of the complexes formed in BGE.
Sediment export from French rivers to the sea
Authors: Delmas Magalie , Cerdan Olivier , Cheviron Bruno , Mouchel Jean‐Marie , Eyrolle Frederique 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTKnowledge of sediment exports from continental areas is essential for estimating denudation rates and biogeochemical cycles. However, the estimation of current sediment fluxes to the sea is often limited by the availability and quality of sediment discharge data. This study aims to quantify the relative contributions of French rivers to the sediment discharge to the ocean. Sediment fluxes were assessed using the French river quality database, which is characterized by a low temporal resolution but long‐term measurement periods. An improved rating curve approach (IRCA) using daily discharge data, which allows the estimation of mean annual sediment loads from infrequent sediment concentration data, was used to calculate sediment fluxes. The resulting mean annual sediment loads show that French rivers export c. 16.21 Mt yr‐1 of sediments to the sea. Among the 88 defined French rivers flowing to the sea, the four largest basins (Loire, Rhone, Garonne and Seine) export 13.2 Mt yr‐1, which corresponds to 81.3% of total exports. No relationship was found between the mass of exported sediment and the size of the drainage basins. This is due to the variety of river basin typologies among these rivers, including lowland rivers in temperate climates, such as the Seine on the one hand and rivers draining mountainous areas in Alpine/Mediterranean areas on the other hand, such as the Rhone. The latter contributes 60% to the total sediment export for France while its drainage area is only 19% of the total area considered. Differences between the river basins considered are also shown by temporal indicators describing the duration of the exports, which may be linked with sediment production processes over drained areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An eigenvector‐based linear reconstruction approach for time stepping in discontinuous Galerkin scheme used to solve shallow water equations
Authors: Araud Quentin , Finaud‐Guyot Pascal , Guinot Vincent , Mosé Robert , Vazquez José 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYDiscontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods have shown promising results for solving the two‐dimensional shallow water equations. In this paper, the classical Runge–Kutta (RK) time discretisation is replaced by the eigenvector‐based reconstruction (EVR) that allows the second‐order time accuracy to be achieved within a single time‐stepping procedure. Moreover, the EVRDG approach yields stable solutions near drying and wetting fronts, whereas the classical RKDG approach yields instabilities. The proposed EVRDG technique is compared with the original RKDG approach on various test cases with analytical solutions. The EVRDG solutions are shown to be as accurate as those obtained with the RKDG scheme. Besides, the EVRDG scheme is 1.6 times faster than the RKDG method. Simulating dambreaks involving dry beds confirms that EVRDG scheme gives correct solutions, whereas the RKDG method yields instabilities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of polarization properties of human adult microglia and blood‐derived macrophages
Authors: Durafourt Bryce A. , Moore Craig S. , Zammit Domenick A. , Johnson Trina A. , Zaguia Fatma , Guiot Marie‐Christine , Bar‐Or Amit , Antel Jack P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBoth microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the CNS parenchyma, and infiltrating blood‐derived macrophages participate in inflammatory responses in the CNS. Macrophages can be polarized into M1 and M2 phenotypes, which have been linked to functional properties including production of inflammation association molecules and phagocytic activity. We compare phenotypic and functional properties of microglia derived from the adult human CNS with macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes in response to M1 and M2 polarizing conditions. Under M1 conditions, microglia and macrophages upregulate expression of CCR7 and CD80. M2 treatment of microglia‐induced expression of CD209 but not additional markers CD23, CD163, and CD206 expressed by M2 macrophages. M1‐polarizing conditions induced production of IL‐12p40 by both microglia and macrophages; microglia produced higher levels of IL‐10 under M1 conditions than did macrophages. Under M2 conditions, microglia ± LPS produced comparable levels of IL‐10 under M1 conditions whereas IL‐10 was induced by LPS in M2 macrophages. Myelin phagocytosis was greater in microglia than macrophages under all conditions; for both cell types, activity was higher for M2 cells. Our findings delineate distinctive properties of microglia compared with exogenous myeloid cells in response to signals derived from an inflammatory environment in the CNS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute feedback control of astrocytic glycolysis by lactate
Authors: Sotelo‐Hitschfeld T. , FernáNdez‐Moncada I. , Barros L. F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNeuronal activity is accompanied by a rapid increase in interstitial lactate, which is hypothesized to serve as a fuel for neurons and a signal for local vasodilation. Using FRET microscopy, we report here that the rate of glycolysis in cultured mice astrocytes can be acutely modulated by physiological changes in extracellular lactate. Glycolytic inhibition by lactate was not accompanied by detectable variations in intracellular pH or intracellular ATP and was not dependent of mitochondrial function. Pyruvate was also inhibitory, suggesting that the effect of lactate is not mediated by the NADH/NAD+ ratio. We propose that lactate serves as a fast negative feedback signal limiting its own production by astrocytes and therefore the amplitude of the lactate surge. The inhibition of glucose usage by lactate was much stronger in resting astrocytes than in K+‐stimulated astrocytes, which suggests that lactate may also help diverting glucose from resting to active zones. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Opportunities and challenges facing biomarker development for personalized head and neck cancer treatment
Authors: Lucs Alexandra V. , Saltman Benjamin , Chung Christine H. , Steinberg Bettie M. , Schwartz David L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHead and neck oncologists have traditionally relied on clinical tumor features and patient characteristics to guide care of individual patients. As surgical, radiotherapeutic, and systemic treatments have evolved to become more anatomically precise and mechanistically specific, the opportunity for improved cure and functional patient recovery has never been more promising for this historically debilitating cancer. However, personalized treatment must be accompanied by sophisticated patient selection to triage the application of advanced therapies toward ideal patient candidates. In this monograph, we review current progress, investigative themes, and key challenges facing head and neck cancer biomarker development intended to make personalized head and neck cancer treatment a clinical reality. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
On the relationship between historical land‐use change and water availability: the case of the lower Tarim River region in northwestern China
Authors: Liu T. , Fang H. , Willems P. , Bao A. M. , Chen X. , Veroustraete F. , Dong Q. H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNatural ecosystems in the region of the lower Tarim River in northwestern China strongly deteriorated since the 1950s due to an expanding desertification. As a result, the downstream Tarim River reaches became permanently dry land. This historical evolution in land‐use change is typically the result of the anthropogenic impact on natural ecosystems. On the basis of a spatially distributed hydrological catchment model bidirectionally linked with a fully hydrodynamic MIKE11 river model, land‐use changes characterized by historical changes in leaf area index (LAI) of vegetation, as well as the evolution of irrigated surface areas, can be causally related to changes in water resources (groundwater storage and surface water resources). An increased surface area of irrigated (agricultural) land, together with a majority of inefficient irrigation methods, did lead to a strong increase of water resources consumption of the farmlands located in the upper Tarim River area. Evidently, this evolution influenced available water resources downstream in the Tarim basin. As a result, farmland has been gradually relocated to the upstream regions. This has led to reduced flows from the upper Tarim stream, which subsequently accelerated the dropping of the groundwater level downstream in the basin. This study moreover demonstrates that land surface biomass changes (cumulative LAI) along the lower Tarim River are strongly related to the changes in groundwater storage. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drainage network detection and assessment of network storage capacity in agrarian landscape
Authors: Cazorzi Federico , Fontana Giancarlo Dalla , Luca Alberto De , Sofia Giulia , Tarolli Paolo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDrainage networks in agrarian landscape within floodplains constitute surface's discontinuities that are expected to affect hydrological response during floods. Drainage network recognition and quantification of water storage capacity within channels are, therefore, crucial for watershed planning and management. These evaluations require accurate spatial information for the area of interest and in most cases, when studying large catchments, broad datasets of ditches locations and descriptions are not available. In order to characterize drainage networks for large areas, the availability of high resolution topography derived by airborne laser scanner (LiDAR) represents a new and effective tool. Nowadays LiDAR DTMs covering large areas are readily available for public authorities, and there is a greater and more widespread interest in the application of such information for the development of automated methods aimed at solving geomorphological and hydrological problems. While LiDAR DTMs reliability in steep landscape has been proven by several recent studies, only few researches have been conducted to take into account the effectiveness of these data in agrarian low relief landscapes. The goal of this research is to propose a semi‐automatic approach based on a LiDAR DTM to (1) detect drainage networks in agrarian/floodplain contexts, and (2) to estimate some of the network summary statistics (network length, width, drainage density and storage capacity). The procedure is applied in two typical alluvial‐plain areas in the North East of Italy, and tested comparing automatically derived network with surveyed ones. The results underline the capability of high resolution DTMs for drainage network detection and characterization in the context of agrarian landscapes within floodplains, opening at the same time new challenges to evaluate some hydrological processes in these areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The regulation of cysteine cathepsins and cystatins in human gliomas
Authors: Gole Boris , Huszthy Peter C. , Popović Mara , Jeruc Jera , Ardebili Youssef S. , Bjerkvig Rolf , Lah Tamara T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCysteine cathepsins play an important role in shaping the highly infiltrative growth pattern of human gliomas. We have previously demonstrated that the activity of cysteine cathepsins is elevated in invasive glioblastoma (GBM) cells in vitro, in part due to attenuation of their endogenous inhibitors, the cystatins. To investigate this relationship in vivo, we established U87‐MG xenografts in non‐obese diabetic (NOD)/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)‐enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) mice. Here, tumor growth correlated with an elevated enzymatic activity of CatB both in the tumor core and at the periphery, whereas CatS and CatL levels were higher at the xenograft edge compared to the core. Reversely, StefB expression was detected in the tumor core, but it was generally absent in the tumor periphery, suggesting that down‐regulation of this inhibitor correlates with in vivo invasion. In human GBM samples, all cathepsins were elevated at the tumor periphery compared to brain parenchyma. CatB was also typically associated with angiogenic endothelia and necrotic areas. StefB was mainly detected in the tumor core, whereas CysC and StefA were evenly distributed, reflecting the observations in the xenografts. However, at the mRNA level, no differences in cathepsins and cystatins were observed between the tumor center and the periphery in both human biopsies and xenografts. Interestingly, in human tumors, cathepsin and stefin transcript levels correlated with CD68 and CXCR4 levels, but not with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Moreover, we reveal for the first time that an elevated StefA mRNA level is a highly significant prognostic factor for patient survival.
“From theKoranandFamily Guy”: Expressions of Identity in English Learners’ Digital Podcasts
Authors: Wilson Amy Alexandra , Chavez Kathryn , Anders Patricia L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFramed in theories of social semiotics, this teacher research describes the implementation of a five‐month unit on student identity in an eighth‐grade reading/writing class for English learners. After learning about principles for multimodal design, students made their own digital podcasts in response to unit questions such as “Who am I?” and “Where do I come from?” The authors analyzed six students’ podcasts using a multimodal transcription chart, comparing these podcasts to students’ assignments throughout the unit and to student interviews about the podcasts. The authors’ analysis suggests that the podcasts promoted language development and enabled the students to simultaneously use multiple cultural and communicative resources in synergistic ways to express hybrid identities.
Sonographic diagnosis of fetal cardiac rhabdomyomas in two successive pregnancies in a woman with tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Ozeren Semih , Cakiroglu Yigit , Doger Emek , Caliskan Eray 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRhabdomyoma is the most common prenatally diagnosed cardiac tumor. We present two cases of fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma. In each case, fetal ultrasound assessment revealed the intracardiac tumors that were confirmed on postnatal imaging. The mother and her previous child were examined for the markers of tuberous sclerosis and diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis was confirmed. Two years later, cardiac rhabdomyomas were again diagnosed in her subsequent pregnancy. In the postpartum period, total regression of the tumors occurred in both cases. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012
Angiogenic microRNA‐210 is present in cells surrounding osteonecrosis
Authors: Yamasaki Keiichiro , Nakasa Tomoyuki , Miyaki Shigeru , Yamasaki Takuma , Yasunaga Yuji , Ochi Mitsuo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA role of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are ∼22‐nucleotide non‐coding RNAs, has recently been recognized in human diseases. The objective of this study was to identify the expression pattern of miRNA (miR)‐210, known to be associated with angiogenesis, in bone from patients with osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head. The expression of miR‐210 in bone from 10 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and ten with ON was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and by in situ hybridization. In addition, immunohistochemical staining for von Willebrand factor (vWF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was performed to identify the miR‐210 expressing cells. We found that in ON samples, the expression of mature, primary miR‐210, VEGF, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, and MMP‐7 was significantly higher than that of OA samples. Section in situ hybridization of mature miR‐210 revealed that mature miR‐210 is expressed around the necrotic area. vWF and VEGF were also strongly expressed in the miR‐210 expressing cells. This study shows that miR‐210 is intensely expressed in ON, and might play a role in ON pathogenesis. The present study provides a solid basis for further functional analyses of miRNAs in ON. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1263–1270, 2012