bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Quality of Life in Children Managed for Omphalocele and Gastroschisis
Authors: Kapapa Melanie , Rieg Teresa , Serra Alexandre 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Evaluation of quality of life (QoL) in paediatric surgical patients has not always received enough attention in the past. Our aim was to follow up patients with abdominal wall defects for a decade and (1) to analyse children’s view on QoL and to analyse parent’s view on QoL, (2) to evaluate satisfaction and psychological problems, (3) to assess present complaints including subjective aspects such as food intake, reduced appetite, pain in scar area and general abdominal pain and (4) verifiable clinical symptoms assessed through a physical examination and ultrasound. It was hypothesised that QoL would differ from gastroschisis (GS) and omphalocele (OC) children depending on the type of abdominal wall defect.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective case–control design was used to compare children with GS (n = 36) and OC (n = 18). A clinical examination, including abdominal inspection, palpation and auscultation of bowel sounds with abdominal ultrasound, was offered, combined with a structured interview and specific QoL questionnaire (KINDL
®
). The focus was on QoL, child development, present complaints and satisfaction with the cosmetic outcome.

Results:
During clinical examinations with ultrasound, GS children were significantly more likely to have bowel loops stuck at the scar area (P = 0.008) with bowel malrotation and abnormal appendix position, compared to OC children (P = 0.037). They were significantly more likely to report irregular stools (P = 0.02) but were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome of the abdominal skin scar in 81% of cases. The KINDL® evaluation showed in the dimensions of QoL, namely ‘body awareness’, ‘mental health’, ‘self-esteem’, ‘family’, ‘friends’ and ‘school’, that there were no significant differences to healthy children. OC/GS parents were satisfied with their children’s physical development and QoL, noting no limitations in normal daily activities. Parents of OC children reported suffering from OC/GS-associated problems (P = 0.028) at the time point of interview.

Conclusion:
Subjective QoL did not differ significantly between OC and GS children. The satisfaction with the cosmetic outcome of the abdominal skin scar was good. On ultrasound examination, adherent bowel loops and bowel malrotation with resulting stool irregularities affect GS children. OC children’s parents reported suffering from OC/OS-associated problems, and all parents need to be educated about the symptoms of recurrent sub-ileus events or atypical appendicitis.
Ultra-wide field indocyanine green angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Akilesh MS , Kumar Vinod , Sinha Ayushi , Azad Shorya , Chawla Rohan , Vohra Rajpal , Venkatesh Pradeep 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:To study ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) patterns in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).Methods:A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken on 30 patients aged 20 to 60 years with CSC at the retina clinic of a tertiary care center. Of them, 43 eyes were affected by CSC, whereas 17 eyes were unaffected as the bilateral disease was observed in 13 patients. All patients were evaluated for best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, detailed slit-lamp bio-microscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, ultra-widefield imaging for pseudo color photograph, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and ICGA, and macular swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) characteristics.Results:The mean age of patients was 41.43 ± 8.81 years (range: 25-59 years). The median log MAR visual acuity in CSC eyes was 0.30 (range: 0.17–1.0), whereas it was 0 in non-CSC fellow eyes (P< 0.001). Pachy-vessels and late hyperpermeability on ultra-widefield ICGA were observed in all eyes. Vortex vein anastomosis was present in 93% of the affected eyes versus 88.2% in unaffected fellow eyes (P= 0.61). Disc and posterior poles were the sites of the maximum number of anastomoses in both affected and unaffected eyes (P= 0.77). Asymmetry in vortex vein drainage of the macula was present in 88.4% of affected eyes and 88.2% of unaffected eyes.Conclusion:Studying the ICGA findings in CSC patients emphasized the role of choroidal circulation in pathogenesis as Pachy vessels were observed in all eyes affected with CSC and even fellow eyes of patients. Vortex vein anastomosis around the disc or posterior pole and asymmetric drainage from the macula were noted and could be contributing to CSC pathology.
Serum vitamin D levels in children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis – A study from a tertiary care pediatric hospital of North India
Authors: Wadhwani Meenakshi , Sharma Shikha , Singh Rahul 
Published: May 2024

Background:
To study the levels of vitamin D serum levels in children with vernal keratoconjuctivits (VKC) and comparing vitamin D levels in after giving vitamin D supplements between intervention and control group.

Methods:
The study was conducted in population between 1 to 12 years in tertiary care hospital in North India. Amongst children with VKC, full ocular examination along with Boninis clinical grading of VKC and serum vitamin D levels were assessed. Whole study group was randomly divided into two groups. Intervention group had received vitamin D powder while control group kept under observation.

Results:
A total of 88 children received vitamin D supplementation and 39 kept in control group.

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that children in intervention group showed improvement in serum vitamin D levels with the clinical improvement in VKC grading too.
Can silver diamine fluoride be an alternative to aerosol-based dentistry during the COVID scenario? A retrospective analysis
Authors: Singhal Ruchi , Singhal Parul , Namdev Ritu , Negi Shefali 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Restrictions on routine dental procedures involving aerosols during COVID-19 have resulted in a significant increase in the suffering of pediatric patients.

Aim:
The study reported the alternative measures followed in our department using SDF during the COVID era when routine elective dental procedures were prohibited.

Materials and Methods:
The retrospective data of patients aged 2–13 years with carious molar teeth who were treated with silver diamine fluoride without (Group 1) or with (Group 2) caries excavation were collected.

Results:
One thousand and seventy-two patients (646 males and 426 females) with 2459 carious molar were treated. On follow-up assessment at 3 months, 28 teeth in Group 1 and 21 teeth in Group 2 showed progression of carious lesion using International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II criteria). Out of these failure cases, 32 (1.8%) teeth were primary and 17 (2.5%) were permanent. Complete relief in sensitivity/pain on stimulation was reported in 2381 teeth (96.83%), whereas in 78 (3.17%) teeth, mild sensitivity/pain on stimulation was reported. The average time consumed during treatment per tooth in Group 1 was 5.04 min and in Group 2 was 5.78 min.

Conclusion:
SDF application can be carried out as a nonaerosol-generating procedure and is a simple technique for children and clinicians.
Clinical evaluation of bioactive resin-modified glass ionomer and giomer in restoring primary molars
Authors: Deepika UdayaKumar , Sahoo Prasanna Kumar , Dash Jayanta Kumar , Baliarsingh Ratna Renu , Ray Prayas , Sharma Gaurav 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical performance of two restorative materials – bioactive resin-modified glass ionomer (ACTIVA BioACTIVE restorative) and giomer hybrid composite (Beautifil Flow Plus) in restoring class I carious primary molars.

Materials and Methods:
The split-mouth randomized controlled study was conducted on 100 primary molars from 50 children (28 – males, 22 – females) from 50 children in age range of 5-9 years (Mean-7.29±1.34) with at least two occlusal carious lesions on either maxillary or mandibular primary molars. Each child had both the control and the experimental teeth restored with respective restorative materials, Group I (Control, n = 50) → Giomer, Group II (Experimental, n = 50) → Bioactive resin-modified glass ionomer. The restorations were evaluated by two independent investigators using modified United State Public Health Service criteria at immediate postoperative, 6 months, and 12 months. The Chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis after collecting the data.

Results:
At the 12-month follow-up, 33 children (66 teeth) reported with an attrition rate of 33%. The color match between the groups was not statistically significant at all intervals. The marginal discoloration, marginal integrity, anatomic form, and retention had no significant difference at 6 months. But at 12 months, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups with p value of 0.04,<0.001,<0.02 and <0.001 respectively. respectively. At 12 months, there was no postoperative sensitivity in both groups.

Conclusion:
Bioactive resin-modified glass ionomer with enhanced properties can be used as an effective restorative material, especially in children with excessive salivation.
The effect of acid concentration and etch time on morphology and tensile bond strength of primary dentin
Authors: Satish Kirthana , Nayak Rashmi , Ginjupalli Kishore , Balagopal Shwetha 
Published: May 2024

Background:
There are conflicting results concerning the ideal time for etching primary dentin and its effect on the bond strength of adhesive restorative materials.

Aim:
To assess in vitro, the effect of varied acid concentration and etch time on the morphological features and tensile bond strength of primary dentin.

Materials and Methods:
Forty healthy primary molars were prepared by exposing the dentin of the occlusal surface, creating a smear layer. A 3 mm × 3 mm test indow was demarcated, and specimens were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 10): Group 1A 10% phosphoric acid, 7 s; Group 1B 10% phosphoric acid, 15 s; Group 2A 37% phosphoric acid, 7 s and Group 2B 37% phosphoric acid, 15 s. Surface analysis was done using atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope. For tensile bond strength evaluation, 24 specimens prepared as mentioned were mounted in acrylic blocks and allocated to four groups according to the prescribed etching protocol. Resin rods were bonded and tested in tension after 24 h (n = 6). Data were analyzed statistically using unpaired t-test.

Results:
Etching of primary dentin using 37% phosphoric acid for 7 s produced the highest tensile bond strength of 9.51 ± 2.19 MPa.

Conclusion:
Etching time of 7 s may improve the adhesion of resin restorative materials with primary dentin.
An in vivo comparative clinical and radiographic evaluation of a mixture of zinc oxide–Ocimum sanctum extract, zinc oxide–ozonated oil, and zinc oxide–eugenol as obturating materials in primary molars
Authors: Vachhani Krishnaben , Rao Dinesh , Panwar Sunil , Gupta Surabhi 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
To overcome some of the disadvantages of the current primary root canal obturating materials, there is a continued interest in search for chemical compounds with broader and more effective antibacterial action and less cytotoxicity.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate and compare in vivo the clinical and radiographic success of mixtures of zinc oxide–Ocimum
sanctum extract, zinc oxide–ozonated oil, and zinc oxide–eugenol (ZOE) as obturating materials in pulpectomy of primary molars.

Settings and Design:
This was an in vivo randomized controlled clinical trial.

Materials and Methods:
Ninety primary molars selected were randomly divided into three groups. Group A was obturated with zinc oxide–O. sanctum extract, Group B with zinc oxide–ozonated oil, and Group C with ZOE. All the groups were evaluated for success or failure based on clinical and radiographic criteria at the end of 1, 6, and 12 months.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The intra- and inter-examiner reliability of the first and the second co-investigators was calculated by Cohen’s kappa statistic. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test, P ≤ 0.05 (indicates statistical significance).

Results:
By the end of 12 months, the overall clinical success rate was 88%, 95.7%, and 90.9% in Groups A, B, and C, respectively; whereas the radiographic success rate was found to be 80%, 91.3%, and 86.4% in Groups A, B, and C, respectively.

Conclusion:
On the basis of the overall success rates of all the three obturating materials, the following order of performance can be concluded: zinc oxide–ozonated oil > ZOE > zinc oxide–O. sanctum extract.
Modifications of behavior management strategies pre- and post-covid-19 scenario
Authors: Meghpara Mili , Marwah Nikhil , Sharma Yashi , Paliwal Archana , Godhani Shubham 
Published: May 2024

Background:
COVID-19 presented a unique scenario among children, specifically all over the world. The children had decrease outdoors activities and learning times, increased use of electronic gadgets and changes in sleep patterns. These altered behavior patterns of children directly influenced their behavior in the dental operatory. This coupled with the stringent protocols of COVID-19, made the behavior management of children a tedious task. However, as they say that necessity is the mother of all inventions, the pediatric dentist took this time to evaluate newer methods of behavior management and modified old strategies with newer modifications.

Aim:
The main aim of this study was to observe the modifications in behavior management strategies among pediatric dentists in the post-COVID-19 era while managing the child in dental operatory.

Materials and Methods:
Four hundred pediatric dentists were mailed a questionnaire consisting of 24 open and closed-ended questions consisting of personal data, professional information, and questions regarding various behavior management techniques used by them in pre- and post-COVID-19 era. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 26.0, IBM, and a comparison of frequencies of categories of variables with groups was made using Chi-Square test and McNemar test.

Results:
The results showed that there were statistically highly significant changes in behavior management strategies pre- and post-COVID-19 scenario with P < 0.01.

Conclusion:
Conventional techniques like Tell-Show-Do were popular in both pre- and post-COVID-19 times with minor modifications in approach, but conscious sedation and distraction techniques were evaluated to have gained more popularity in the post-COVID-19 times along with exploration of new novel techniques.
A clinical and radiographic comparative evaluation of custom-made zirconia crowns using CAD-CAM and stainless steel crowns in primary molars
Authors: Prabhu Deepika , Anantharaj A. , Praveen P. , Rani S. Prathibha , Sudhir R. 
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim of Study:
Early childhood caries is a multifactorial disease process affecting children below 71 months of age and continues to be a global health problem. Stainless steel crowns (SSCs) are widely used and are very popular in pediatric dentistry due to its superiority and durability when compared with multisurface amalgam restorations. However, one of the major disadvantages with these crowns is the poor esthetics. Parents often request for a more esthetic alternative to the SSC. Zirconia crowns are one of the tooth-colored full crown restorations currently available for use in primary teeth. These are available as both preformed and custom-made crowns and show excellent esthetics. However, these require extensive tooth preparation with a subgingival finish lines, which would cause gingival trauma and bleeding during the preparation. The present study uses intraoral scanners for making the custom-made zirconia crowns, which will avoid the conventional impressions. Currently, there are no studies available in pediatric dentistry regarding CAD-CAM crowns. Hence, there is a need for the study.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to clinically evaluate the performance of preformed SSCs and custom-made zirconia crowns in primary molars. To elicit parental and patient satisfaction with respect to preformed SSCs and custom made zirconia crowns and to radiographically compare the interproximal bone height for 1 year.

Methods:
The patients were selected with purposive sampling. The tooth of interest was prepared according to the crown it would receive. The upper and the lower arch of the tooth receiving custom-made zirconia crown was scanned using an intraoral scanner. The crowns were cemented using Type 1 glass ionomer cement (GIC) (SSC) and resin modified GIC (custom-made zirconia crown). After the crown placement, the patient and the parent's satisfaction was scaled regarding the time taken, comfort, cost of crown, appearance of crown, etc., using a 5-point Likert scale. A baseline radiograph was taken after crown placement. The patient was recalled every 3 months till 1 year for evaluation (loss of retention, loss of proximal contact, gingival inflammation, opposing tooth wear, and marginal integrity). At the end of 1 year, radiographs were taken to check the interproximal bone.

Results:
After 1 year evaluation of custom-made zirconia crowns and preformed SSCs in primary molars, it was shown that both SSC and zirconia crowns showed good gingival scores but zirconia crown was better than SSC in improving the gingival health. SSCs showed better results with respect to the opposing tooth wear and marginal adaptability. Parents as well as patients preferred a tooth-colored crown as a treatment option.

Conclusion:
Custom-made zirconia crowns are comparable to the preformed SSCs and they show better gingival scores and excellent color match.
Evaluation of three different remineralizing agents on artificially demineralized enamel lesions
Authors: Mehta Divya Vijay , Siddaiah Shakuntala B 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
Demineralization can be arrested or reversed when remineralization agents are applied to incipient carious or noncavitated carious lesions. A large number of therapeutic agents, including nonfluoridated products, have been developed to promote enamel remineralization. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different remineralizing agents on artificially demineralized enamel lesions.

Materials and Methods:
The present in vitro study was conducted on 75 sound premolars divided into three groups of normal, demineralized (n = 15 each), and remineralized teeth (n = 45). The remineralized teeth were further subdivided into three groups (n = 15) as remineralized with 2% sodium fluoride (NaF), 2% NaF, and Psoralea corylifolia (bakuchi) and white mineral trioxide aggregate. Specimens of each group were treated with the above-mentioned remineralizing agents and then subjected to Vickers hardness number (VHN), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) for further evaluation.

Results:
The test results showed significantly the highest VHN and the emission peak of elements under the EDX test, such as calcium, phosphorous, oxygen, and fluorine with remineralized with NaF + bakuchi. MAS-NMR spectra showed fluorine and phosphorous peak in a group with NaF + bakuchi indicative of the increase in remineralization. NaF + bakuchi showed effective results in VHN, SEM-EDX, and MAS-NMR with no antagonist interaction.

Conclusion:
Thus, P. Corylifolia presents an advantage in enhancing remineralization and inhibiting demineralization for early carious lesions and can be used as a herbal extract for effective reduction in pathogenic bacteria.
Comparison of Dental Caries Experience and Salivary Parameters Among Children with Down Syndrome and Healthy Controls in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Anandan Sujatha , Lakshminarayan Nagesh , Nagappa Karibasappa Gundabaktharu 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Although there have been numerous studies on dental caries in children with Down syndrome, the reports are conflicting. Studies on salivary chemical composition of children with Down syndrome are limited.

Aim:
The study aims to evaluate and compare the dental caries experience, salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, total proteins, and sialic acid in children with Down syndrome and healthy controls.

Settings and Design:
This was a cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
Forty subjects with Down syndrome aged 5–18 years fulfilling the eligibility criteria from six special schools were selected by snowball sampling. Sixty healthy controls from six neighborhood schools fulfilling the eligibility criteria were selected by simple random sampling by matching the age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Sociodemographic data, oral hygiene practices, diet history and dental caries experience were recorded. About 6 mL of stimulated whole saliva was collected. Salivary flow rate, salivary pH, buffering capacity, and the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, total proteins, and sialic acid were determined.

Results:
There was no significant difference in the mean proportional caries rate between the study and control group (P = 0.90). Salivary pH (P = 0.00) and salivary sodium concentration (P = 0.02) were significantly low in the study group than the control group. Salivary buffering capacity was significantly higher in the study group than the control group (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Dental caries experience of children with Down syndrome was similar to the healthy controls. School health programs could be implemented in special schools to improve oral and general health of special children.
Molar incisor hypomineralization
Authors: Argote Quispe Denise M. , de Priego Guido Perona , Leon Manco Roberto A. , Portaro Camila Palma 
Published: May 2024

Context:
The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) varies considerably around the world. South America is one of the regions with the highest prevalence.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of MIH in children residing in urban and rural areas of Puno, Peru.

Design:
This was an observational cross-sectional study that included 404 children, aged 7–10 years old, from urban and rural public schools in Puno, Peru.

Subjects and Methods:
A previously calibrated examiner established the MIH diagnosis based on the index that integrates the criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry and the modified index of developmental defects of enamel (mDDE index), as well as the caries experience based on the DMFT index.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The information was analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis.

Results:
Eighty children (19.8%) presented MIH, and the prevalence was higher in the urban area. Demarcated opacities were the most prevalent type of lesion (52.1%), followed by atypical caries lesions (36.7%). The more severe the defects, the greater their extent. Similarly, the greater the extent of tooth defects, the greater the number of teeth affected per child. Children with MIH had slightly higher rates of tooth decay experience (DMFT). However, no significant association was found between caries experience and MIH.

Conclusions:
The population studied showed a high prevalence of MIH, similar to other studies in South American populations. The prevalence varied among residence areas, being more prevalent in the urban area. Mild lesions were more frequent.