bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agarose Imprints of Plant Cell Surfaces for Imaging
Authors: Christensen Sioux 
Published: September 2010

INTRODUCTIONFeatures of epidermal cells such as cell shape or arrangement of stomata are best studied under the scanning electron microscope. However, the preparation and viewing of samples using electron microscopy can be relatively laborious. A quick alternative is to view epidermal imprints in agarose using Nomarski differential-interference contrast microscopy. This protocol describes a method for preparing agarose imprints of plant cell surfaces.
Electrophysiological Recording from Drosophila Larval Body-Wall Muscles
Authors: Zhang Bing , Stewart Bryan 
Published: September 2010

INTRODUCTIONThe Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) shares many structural and functional similarities to synapses in other animals, including humans. These include the basic feature of synaptic transmission, as well as the molecular mechanisms regulating the synaptic vesicle cycle. Because of its large size, easy accessibility, and the well-characterized genetics, the fly NMJ remains an excellent model system for dissecting the cellular and molecular mechanisms of synaptic transmission. This protocol describes the steps for performing intracellular recording from fly larval body-wall muscles and explains how to record and analyze spontaneous and evoked synaptic potentials. Methods used include larval dissection (“filleting”), identification of muscle fibers and their innervating nerves, the use of a micromanipulator and microelectrode in penetrating the muscle membrane, and nerve stimulation to evoke synaptic potentials.
Profiling the expression of cytochrome P450 in breast cancer
Authors: Murray Graeme I , Patimalla Siva , Stewart Keith N , Miller Iain D , Heys Steven D 
Published: September 2010

Murray G I, Patimalla S, Stewart K N, Miller I D & Heys S D (2010)Histopathology 57, 202–211Profiling the expression of cytochrome P450 in breast cancerAims: The cytochrome P450s (P450) are key oxidative enzymes that metabolize many carcinogens and anticancer drugs. Thus, these enzymes influence tumour development, tumour response to therapy and are putative tumour biomarkers. The aim was to define the P450 expression profile in breast cancer and establish the significance of P450 expression in this tumour type.Methods and results: A tissue microarray containing 170 breast cancers of no special type was immunostained for a panel of 21 P450s. The highest percentage of strong immunopositivity in breast cancers was seen for CYP4X1 (50.8%), CYP2S1 (37.5%) and CYP2U1 (32.2%), while CYP2J (98.6%) and CYP3A43 (70.7%) were the P450s that most frequently displayed no immunoreactivity. CYP4V2 (P = 0.01), CYP4X1 (P = 0.01) and CYP4Z1 (P = 0.01) showed correlations with tumour grade. CYP1B1 (P = 0.001), CYP3A5 (P = 0.001) and CYP51 (P = 0.005) showed the most significant correlations with oestrogen receptor status. Correlations with survival were identified for CYP2S1 (P = 0.03), CYP3A4 (P = 0.025), CYP4V2 (P = 0.026) and CYP26A1 (P = 0.03), although none of these P450s was an independent marker of prognosis.Conclusions: This study has defined the expression profile of cytochrome P450s in breast cancer and may offer their potential application as biomarkers to aid decisions regarding optimal adjuvant hormonal therapy.
Induction of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in the brain of adults with fatal falciparum malaria is a non‐specific response to severe disease
Authors: Medana Isabelle M. , Day Nicholas P. J. , Roberts Rachel , Sachanonta Navakanit , Turley Helen , Pongponratn Emsri , Hien Tran Tinh , White Nicholas J. , Turner Gareth D. H. 
Published: September 2010

Medana I M, Day N P J, Roberts R, Sachanonta N, Turley H, Pongponratn E, Hien T T, White N J. & Turner G D H (2010) Histopathology 57, 282–294 Induction of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in the brain of adults with fatal falciparum malaria is a non‐specific response to severe disease Aims:  Pathological or neuroprotective mechanisms in the brain in severe malaria may arise from microvascular obstruction with malaria‐parasitized erythrocytes. This study aimed to investigate the role of hypoxia and induction of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway in the neuropathophysiology of severe malaria.Methods and results:  Immunohistochemistry was performed on post mortem brain tissue sections from 20 cases of severe malaria and examined for the expression of transcriptional regulators of VEGF [hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α), HIF‐2α], DEC‐1, VEGF, VEGF receptors 1 and 2, and the activated, phosphorylated VEGF receptor 2 (pKDR). HIFs showed limited protein expression and/or translocation to cell nuclei in severe malaria, but DEC‐1, which is more stable and regulated by HIF‐1α, was observed. There was heterogeneous expression of VEGF and its receptors in severe malaria and non‐malarial disease controls. pKDR expression on vessels was greater in malaria cases than in controls but did not correlate with parasite sequestration. VEGF uptake by malaria parasites was observed.Conclusions:  VEGF and its receptor expression levels in severe malaria reflect a non‐specific response to severe systemic disease. Potential manipulation of events at the vasculature by the parasite requires further investigation.
Comparison of an Improved AFP Kit with the Intra‐Amniotic PSP Dye‐Injection Method in Equivocal Cases of Preterm Premature Rupture of the Fetal Membranes
Authors: Yamada Hideto , Kishida Tatsuro , Negishi Hiroaki , Sagawa Tadashi , Yamaguchi Masayuki , Sato Chikara , Nakamura Itsuro , Sato Hiroshi , Sakai Keiichiro , Yamaguchi Tatsumi , Fujimoto Seiichiro 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective: We developed an improved AFP kit for detecting AFP in leaked amniotic fluid. We studied the relationship between the results of the improved AFP kit and! those of the intra‐amniotic PSP dye‐injection test (PSP test), and compared the results of two tests with the prognosis for subsequent pregnancy outcome, in order to know the diagnostic value of the two tests for preterm PROM, especially in equivocal cases.Methods: We compared the results of the AFP kit test with those of the PSP test in 8 equivocal cases of preterm PROM (18th to 34th weeks of gestation).Results: The results of the AFP kit test coincided with those of the PSP test in all 8 equivocal cases of preterm PROM. The 4 cases that tested positive resulted in preterm deliveries; and the other 4 cases that tested negative resulted in full‐term deliveries.Conclusion: The use of the AFP kit test is useful in assessing the prognosis for subsequent pregnancy in equivocal cases of preterm PROM. The rapid and accurate AFP kit test for diagnosing preterm PROM can be substituted for the PSP test in bedside and outpatient‐clinic assessments.
The Effects of Cost Sharing on Access to Care among Childless Adults
Authors: Guy Jr. Gery P. 
Published: September 2010

Objectives. To analyze the impact of public health insurance expansions and the use of enrollee cost sharing on insurance status and receipt of clinically indicated preventive screenings and physician services.Data Source. This study uses Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 1997 to 2007.Study Design. This study uses multivariate difference‐in‐difference logistic regression modeling of pooled cross‐sectional time series data. The effect of the expansions on insurance status and access to care is identified by cross‐state variation in program implementation, as well as cross‐state and within‐state variation in program eligibility criteria over time.Principal Findings. Childless adult expansions, regardless of cost‐sharing levels, reduced uninsurance rates and decreased the likelihood that childless adults needed to see a physician but did not because of cost. Expansions with traditional public insurance cost‐sharing requirements increased the use of preventive screenings, while expansions with increased cost‐sharing requirements did not.Conclusions. Cost‐sharing requirements did not have an impact on the ability to see a physician when needed, but they played an important role in the utilization of preventive services. Expanding public health insurance to low‐income, childless adults presents a promising policy opportunity, but there are trade‐offs between the efficiencies obtained through increased cost sharing and the potential inefficiencies due to the lower use of preventive services.
Bioinformatics approach to identifying molecular biomarkers and networks in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Satoh Jun‐ichi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) white matter mediated by an autoimmune process triggered by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors, in which the precise molecular pathogenesis remains to be comprehensively characterized. The global analysis of genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome, collectively termed omics, promotes us to characterize the genome‐wide molecular basis of MS. However, as omics studies produce high‐throughput experimental data at one time, it is often difficult to find out the meaningful biological implications from huge datasets. Recent advances in bioinformatics and systems biology have made major breakthroughs by illustrating the cell‐wide map of complex molecular interactions with the aid of the literature‐based knowledgebase of molecular pathways. The integration of omics data derived from the disease‐affected cells and tissues with underlying molecular networks provides a rational approach not only to identifying the disease‐relevant molecular markers and pathways, but also to designing the network‐based effective drugs for MS. (Clin. Exp. Neuroimmunol. doi: 10.1111/j.1759‐1961.2010.00013.x, 2010)
Nucleotide Excision Repair Gene Expression after Cisplatin Treatment in Melanoma
Authors: Bowden Nikola A. , Ashton Katie A. , Avery-Kiejda Kelly A. , Zhang Xu Dong , Hersey Peter , Scott Rodney J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo of the hallmark features of melanoma are its development as a result of chronic UV radiation exposure and the limited efficacy of cisplatin in the disease treatment. Both of these DNA-damaging agents result in large helix-distorting DNA damage that is recognized and repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER). The aim of this study was to examine the expression of NER gene transcripts, p53, and p21 in melanoma cell lines treated with cisplatin compared with melanocytes. Basal expression of all genes was greater in the melanoma cell lines compared with melanocytes. Global genome repair (GGR) transcripts showed significantly decreased relative expression (RE) in melanoma cell lines 24 hours after cisplatin treatment. The basal RE of p53 was significantly higher in the melanoma cell lines compared with the melanocytes. However, induction of p53 was only significant in the melanocytes at 6 and 24 hours after cisplatin treatment. Inhibition of p53 expression significantly decreased the expression of all the GGR transcripts in melanocytes at 6 and 24 hours after cisplatin treatment. Although the RE levels were lower with p53 inhibition, the induction of the GGR genes was very similar to that in the control melanocytes and increased significantly across the time points. The findings from this study revealed reduced GGR transcript levels in melanoma cells 24 hours after cisplatin treatment. Our findings suggest a possible mechanistic explanation for the limited efficacy of cisplatin treatment and the possible role of UV light in melanoma. Cancer Res; 70(20); 7918–26. ©2010 AACR.
BNP7787-Mediated Modulation of Paclitaxel- and Cisplatin-Induced Aberrant Microtubule Protein Polymerization In vitro
Authors: Parker Aulma R. , Petluru Pavankumar N. , Wu Meizhen , Zhao Min , Kochat Harry , Hausheer Frederick H. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Taxane and platinum drugs are important agents in the treatment of cancer and have shown activity against a variety of tumors, including ovarian, breast, and lung cancer, either as single agents or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs. However, a serious and prevalent side effect of taxane (docetaxel and all formulations/derivatives of paclitaxel) and platinum (cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin) agents is dose-limiting chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). CIPN can result in treatment delays, dose modifications, and, in severe cases, discontinuation of chemotherapy. Consequently, effective treatments for CIPN are needed. Dimesna (BNP7787; Tavocept TM; disodium 2,2′-dithio-bis-ethanesulfonate) is an investigational drug that is undergoing international clinical development as a treatment that is coadministered with first-line taxane and platinum combination chemotherapy in patients with inoperable advanced primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. BNP7787 is currently being developed with the objective of increasing the survival of cancer patients receiving taxane- and/or cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Additional data indicate that BNP7787 may also protect against common and serious chemotherapy-induced toxicities, including chemotherapy-induced anemia, nausea, emesis, nephrotoxicity, and neuropathy, without interfering with antitumor activity of the chemotherapeutic agent(s). Studies herein show that BNP7787 prevents aberrant microtubule protein (MTP) polymerization that is caused by exposure of MTP to paclitaxel or cisplatin. BNP7787 modulates paclitaxel-induced hyperpolymerization of MTP in a dose-dependent manner, and mesna, an in vivo metabolite of BNP7787, protects against time-dependent cisplatin-induced inactivation of MTP. We propose that interactions between BNP7787 and MTP may play a role in BNP7787-mediated protection against CIPN. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(9); 2558–67. ©2010 AACR.
Restoration of Knee Volume Using Selected Arthroscopic Releases
Authors: Dragoo Jason L. , Miller Matthew D. , Vaughn Zackary D. , Schmidt Joshua D. , Handley Elizabeth 
Published: September 2010

Background Inflammation and subsequent fibrosis, adhesions, or plicae may limit normal capsular compliance and decrease volume capacity of the knee. Hypothesis Patients with fibrosis, anterior interval scarring, adhesions, or palpable painful plicae will have decreased knee volumes when compared to controls, and selective arthroscopic releases will restore volume to normal levels. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study and cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods In part I, knee volume and pressure were recorded in 14 fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees, and the maximum volume capacity was identified before capsular disruption. In part II, 49 patients undergoing arthroscopy were divided into 2 groups based on intraoperative volume assessment at 50 mm H2O pressure: group 1 (n = 20) with normal volume (<1 standard deviation below the mean established in part I) and group 2 (n = 29) knees with deficient volume (>1 standard deviation below mean). Group 2 underwent volume-changing procedures such as lysis of adhesions, anterior interval release, and plica resections, while group 1 underwent volume-neutral procedures including meniscal or chondral surgery. The knee volume was then reassessed after arthroscopy. Results The average volume capacity of the knees in the cadaveric study was 87.5 ± 21.7 mL (range, 50-120 mL). There was no statistical difference between the presurgical (98.9 ± 29.8 mL) and postsurgical volumes (99.4 ± 29.1 mL) in group 1; P = .65. The presurgical volume in group 2 (46.1 ± 13.0 mL) was significantly lower than group 1 (P = .001). The group 2 volume increased to 78.5 ± 24.2 mL after surgery (P = .001), with an average change in volume of 75.5%. The mean change in volume after surgery was significantly greater in group 2 (32.3 mL) versus group 1 (0.45 mL) (P = .001). At 1-year follow-up, the mean Tegner score in the volume-compromised group 2 increased from 2.0 ± 1.4 preoperatively to 4.0 ± 2.0 postoperatively (P = .01), the Lysholm score increased from 45.0 ± 24.0 preoperatively to 76.8 ± 25.4 postoperatively (P = .003), and the average Short Form-12 quality of life score increased from 32.4 ± 8.7 preoperatively to 45.0 ± 11.0 postoperatively (P = .005). Conclusions The average volume of the human knee in this study was between 65 and 110 mL (±1 standard deviation of mean of 87.5 mL). Although patients with chronic knee pain may have pain from multiple sources, some may have diminished knee volume, and selected arthroscopic releases can restore knee volume to near-normal levels.
AT1 receptor and NAD(P)H oxidase mediate angiotensin II-stimulated antioxidant enzymes and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in the rat hypothalamus
Authors: Silva José , Pastorello Mariella , Arzola Jorge , Zavala Lida E. , De Jesús Sara , Varela Maider , Matos María Gabriela , del Rosario Garrido María , Israel Anita 
Published: September 2010

Introduction. Angiotensin II (AngII) regulates blood pressure and water and electrolyte metabolism through the stimulation of NAD(P)H oxidase and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2—, which is metabolised by superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. We assessed the role of AT1 and AT2 receptors, NAD(P)H oxidase and protein kinase C (PKC) in Ang II-induced sodium and water excretion and their capacity to stimulate antioxidant enzymes in the rat hypothalamus, a brain structure known to express a high density of AngII receptors. Materials and methods. Male Sprague—Dawley rats were intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected with AngII and urinary sodium and water excretion was assessed. Urine sodium concentration was determined using flame photometry. After decapitation the hypothalamus was microdissected under stereomicroscopic control. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity were determined spectrophotometrically and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activation was analysed by Western blot. Results. AngII-ICV resulted in antidiuresis and natriuresis. ICV administration of losartan, PD123319, apocynin and chelerythrine blunted natriuresis. In hypothalamus, AngII increased catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutation peroxidase activity and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These actions were prevented by losartan, apocynin and chelerythrine, and increased by PD123319. Conclusions. AT 1 and AT2 receptors, NAD(P)H oxidase and PKC pathway are involved in the regulation of hydromineral metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activity induced by AngII.
TEL-AML1 regulation of survivin and apoptosis via miRNA-494 and miRNA-320a
Authors: Diakos Christofer , Zhong Sheng , Xiao Yuanyuan , Zhou Mi , Vasconcelos Gisele M. , Krapf Gerd , Yeh Ru-Fang , Zheng Shichun , Kang Michelle , Wiencke John K. , Pombo-de-Oliveira Maria S. , Panzer-Grümayer Renate , Wiemels Joseph L. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
There is increasing evidence that miRNA and transcription factors interact in an instructive fashion in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. We explored the impact of TEL-AML1 (ETV6-RUNX1), the most common fusion protein in childhood leukemia, on miRNA expression and the leukemic phenotype. Using RNA interference, miRNA expression arrays, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we identified miRNA-494 and miRNA-320a to be up-regulated upon TEL-AML1 silencing independently of TEL expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis identified miRNA-494 as a direct miRNA target of the fusion protein TEL-AML1. Using bioinformatic analysis as well as functional luciferase experiments, we demonstrate that survivin is a target of the 2 miRNAs. miRNA-494 and miRNA-320a were introduced to the cells by transfection and survivin expression determined by Western blot analysis. These miRNAs blocked survivin expression and resulted in apoptosis in a similar manner as TEL-AML1 silencing by itself; this silencing was also shown to be Dicer-dependent. miRNAs-494 and -320a are expressed at lower levels in TEL-AML1+ leukemias compared with immunophenotype-matched nonTEL-AML1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia subtypes, and within TEL-AML1+ leukemias their expression is correlated to survivin levels. In summary our data suggest that TEL-AML1 might exert its antiapoptotic action at least in part by suppressing miRNA-494 and miRNA-320a, lowering their expression causing enhanced survivin expression.
Optimising the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients: emergency treatments
Authors: Delcroix M. , Naeije R. 
Published: September 2010

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and potentially fatal disease whose management is usually restricted to a few specialised centres. As patients do not necessarily live in the neighbourhood of these centres, daily care and emergencies have to be delegated to first and second lines. Treatment guidelines do not usually provide recommendations for acute emergency situations as evidence is scarce. This short review provides a description of our therapeutic protocols based on available data.A model of transmural organisation of care for PAH patients, currently applied in Belgium, is described. Thereafter, based on an analysis of the reasons of death in the PAH population, a review of the main emergencies is provided. Cardiac arrest and resuscitation, decompensated right heart failure, respiratory failure, arrhythmia, pericardial effusion, haemoptysis, surgery and drug-related adverse events will be discussed successively.Case reports showing the precariousness of PAH patients will enforce our thesis of the need for optimal patient management organisation.
Can the Non-pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment (NASG) reduce adverse maternal outcomes from postpartum hemorrhage? Evidence from Egypt and Nigeria
Authors: Mourad-Youssif Mohammed , Ojengbede Oladosu A , Meyer Carinne D , Fathalla Mohammad , Morhason-Bello Imran O , Galadanci Hadiza , Camlin Carol , Nsima David , al Hussaini Tarek , Butrick Elizabeth , Miller Suellen 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity. The Non-pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment (NASG), a first-aid lower-body compression device, may decrease adverse outcomes from obstetric hemorrhage. This article is the first to report the effect of the NASG for PPH.

Methods
This pre-intervention/NASG study of 854 women was conducted in four referral facilities in Nigeria and two in Egypt between 2004-2008. Entry criteria were women with PPH due to uterine atony, retained placenta, ruptured uterus, vaginal or cervical lacerations or placenta accreta with estimated blood loss of ≥ 750 mL and one clinical sign of shock. Differences in demographics, conditions on study entry, treatment and outcomes were examined. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test and relative risks with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for primary outcomes - measured blood loss, emergency hysterectomy, mortality, morbidity (each individually), and a combined variable, "adverse outcomes", defined as severe morbidity and mortality. A multiple logistic regression model was fitted to test the independent association between the NASG and the combined severe morbidity and mortality outcome.

Results
Measured blood loss decreased by 50% between phases; women experienced 400 mL of median blood loss after study entry in the pre-intervention and 200 mL in the NASG phase (p < 0.0001). As individual outcomes, mortality decreased from 9% pre-intervention to 3.1% in the NASG phase (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19-0.62); severe morbidity decreased from 4.2% to 1%, in the NASG phase (RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.09-0.67). As a combination, "adverse outcomes," decreased from 12.8% to 4.1% in the NASG phase (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.19-0.53). In a multiple logistic regression model, the NASG was associated with the combined outcome of severe maternal morbidity and mortality (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.18-0.99).

Conclusion
In this non-randomized study, in which bias is inherent, the NASG showed promise for reducing blood loss, emergency hysterectomy, morbidity and mortality associated with PPH in referral facilities in Egypt and Nigeria.