bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bemessung und Nachweisführung von Hohlprofilknoten nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐8
Authors: Herion Stefan , Fleischer Oliver 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDie Tragfähigkeit geschweißter Hohlprofilknoten wurde durch zahlreichen Untersuchungen insbesondere durch den Weltverband der Hohlprofilhersteller CIDECT (Comité International pour le Développement et l'Etude de la Construction Tubulaire) sowie dem IIW (International Institute of Welding) erforscht. Die Ergebnisse dieser Forschungen führten zu den CIDECT‐Bemessungsempfehlungen und den entsprechenden IIW‐Richtlinien und mündeten schließlich in der DIN EN 1993‐1‐8, mit der unter anderem die Bemessung von Hohlprofilknoten ermöglicht wird. Aufgrund der komplexen Lastabtragungsmechanismen von Hohlprofilknoten ist eine analytische Ermittlung der Knotentraglasten nicht möglich, so dass grundlegende analytische Modelle stets mit experimentellen Untersuchung überprüft und im Anwendungsbereich kalibriert werden müssen. Zum besseren Verständnis dieser Lastabtragungsmechanismen werden die Modelle der einzelnen Versagensarten kurz erläutert sowie die daraus resultierenden Bemessungsmodelle der DIN EN 1993‐1‐8 angegeben. Darauf aufbauend wird anhand eines einfachen Beispiels gezeigt, wie die Bemessung von Hohlprofilknoten nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐8 durchgeführt wird und wo die dazu benötigten Informationen gefunden werden können.Design calculation and verification of hollow sections joints according to DIN EN 1993‐1‐8. The load carrying behaviour of welded hollow section joints has been investigated in numerous investigations, especially by the international association of the manufacturers of hollow sections (CIDECT) and the International Institute of Welding (IIW). The results of these investigations can be found in die European Standard EN 1993‐1‐8, which allows the design of hollow section joints. Due to the complex load carrying behaviour of hollow section joints, an analytical determination of the load capacity is not possible, so that basic analytical models have to be verified and calibrated in the application range by additional experimental investigations. For a better understanding of the load carrying mechanisms, the models of the failure modes are explained briefly and the resulting design models of EN 1993‐1‐8 are given. Based on this and using a simple example it is shown how the design of a hollow section works and where the necessary information can be found.
SIR HORACE WILSON AND APPEASEMENT
Authors: PEDEN G. C. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTSir Horace Wilson was Neville Chamberlain's confidential adviser while the latter was prime minister. The article addresses three questions. First, what was Wilson's role in Whitehall in connection with rearmament and foreign policy? Second, did he diminish the influence of the Foreign Office? Third, what contribution does his defence of appeasement make to understanding of a subject that continues to divide historians? The article concludes that Wilson played an important role in enabling Chamberlain to pursue his foreign policy goals. However, when there was outright disagreement between Wilson and the Foreign Office, it was the Foreign Office view that prevailed. Finally, the evidence of Wilson's words and actions, both in 1937–9 and later, broadly supports R. A. C. Parker's post-revisionist interpretation of appeasement, particularly as regards Munich, but Wilson was a good deal firmer in 1939 about Britain's will to fight, if necessary, than his critics then or later allowed.
Spectroscopic and spectrometric differentiation between abiotic and biogenic material on icy worlds
Authors: Hand Kevin P. , McKay Christopher P. , Pilcher Carl B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe ability to differentiate abiotic organic material from material of a biological origin is a critical task for astrobiology. Mass spectrometry and spectroscopy provide key tools for advancing this task and are two techniques that provide useful and highly complementary compositional information independent of a specific biochemical pathway. Here we address some of the utility and limitations of applying these techniques to both orbital and in situ exploration of icy moons of the outer solar system.
From glacial refugia to modern populations: new assemblages of organelle genomes generated by differential cytoplasmic gene flow in transcontinental black spruce
Authors: GÉRARDI SÉBASTIEN , JARAMILLO‐CORREA JUAN P. , BEAULIEU JEAN , BOUSQUET JEAN 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAssessing species’ range‐wide cytoplasmic diversity provides valuable insights regarding their dispersal and adaptive potential in a changing environment. Transcontinental chloroplast (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) population structures were compared to identify putative ancestral and new cytoplasmic genome assemblages in black spruce (Picea mariana), a North American boreal conifer. Mean within‐population diversity and allelic richness for cpSSR markers were 0.80 and 4.21, respectively, and diminished westward. Population differentiation based onGSTwas lower for cpDNA than for mtDNA (GST = 0.104 and 0.645, respectively) but appeared comparable when estimated using Jost differentiation index (D = 0.459 and 0.537, respectively). Further analyses resulted in the delineation of at least three genetically distinct cpDNA lineages partially congruent with those inferred from mtDNA data, which roughly corresponded to western, central and eastern Canada. Additionally, the patterns of variation in Alaska for both cpDNA and mtDNA markers suggested that black spruce survived the last glacial maximum in this northern region. The range‐wide comparison of the geographic extent of cytoplasmic DNA lineages revealed that extensive pollen gene flow between ancestral lineages occurred preferentially from west to east during the postglacial expansion of the species, while seed‐mediated gene flow remained geographically restricted. This differential gene flow promoted intraspecific cytoplasmic capture that generated new assemblages of cpDNA and mtDNA genomes during the Holocene. Hence, black spruce postglacial colonization unexpectedly resulted in an increase in genetic diversity with possible adaptive consequences.
Functional dissociation of transient and sustained fMRI BOLD components in human auditory cortex revealed with a streaming paradigm based on interaural time differences
Authors: Schadwinkel Stefan , Gutschalk Alexander 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA number of physiological studies suggest that feature‐selective adaptation is relevant to the pre‐processing for auditory streaming, the perceptual separation of overlapping sound sources. Most of these studies are focused on spectral differences between streams, which are considered most important for streaming. However, spatial cues also support streaming, alone or in combination with spectral cues, but physiological studies of spatial cues for streaming remain scarce. Here, we investigate whether the tuning of selective adaptation for interaural time differences (ITD) coincides with the range where streaming perception is observed. FMRI activation that has been shown to adapt depending on the repetition rate was studied with a streaming paradigm where two tones were differently lateralized by ITD. Listeners were presented with five different ΔITD conditions (62.5, 125, 187.5, 343.75, or 687.5 μs) out of an active baseline with no ΔITD during fMRI. The results showed reduced adaptation for conditions with ΔITD ≥ 125 μs, reflected by enhanced sustained BOLD activity. The percentage of streaming perception for these stimuli increased from approximately 20% for ΔITD = 62.5 μs to > 60% for ΔITD = 125 μs. No further sustained BOLD enhancement was observed when the ΔITD was increased beyond ΔITD = 125 μs, whereas the streaming probability continued to increase up to 90% for ΔITD = 687.5 μs. Conversely, the transient BOLD response, at the transition from baseline to ΔITD blocks, increased most prominently as ΔITD was increased from 187.5 to 343.75 μs. These results demonstrate a clear dissociation of transient and sustained components of the BOLD activity in auditory cortex.
Political Competition, Constitutional Arrangements, and the Quality of Public Policies in Costa Rica
Authors: Lehoucq Fabrice 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article explains why Costa Rica, by the mid-twentieth century, began to depart from the all-too-common mixture of political instability and economic stagnation characteristic of much of the developing world. The article argues that this country has benefited from better-than-average public policies, a conclusion based on a major comparative ranking of state policies. It further argues that interminable political stalemates gradually democratized the struggle for power and laid the groundwork for an innovative constitutional framework, one that allocates the technical functions of government to a set of autonomous institutions. A central implication of this argument is that institutional design is the backdrop for development-enhancing public policies.
Analysis of the RNA degradosome complex in Vibrio angustum S14
Authors: Erce Melissa A. , Low Jason K. K. , Wilkins Marc R. 
Published: November 2010

The RNA degradosome is built on the C‐terminal half of ribonuclease E (RNase E) which shows high sequence variation, even amongst closely related species. This is intriguing given its central role in RNA processing and mRNA decay. Previously, we have identified RhlB (ATP‐dependent DEAD‐box RNA helicase)‐binding, PNPase (polynucleotide phosphorylase)‐binding and enolase‐binding microdomains in the C‐terminal half of Vibrio angustum S14 RNase E, and have shown through two‐hybrid analysis that the PNPase and enolase‐binding microdomains have protein‐binding function. We suggest that the RhlB‐binding, enolase‐binding and PNPase‐binding microdomains may be interchangeable between Escherichia coli and V. angustum S14 RNase E. In this study, we used two‐hybrid techniques to show that the putative RhlB‐binding microdomain can bind RhlB. We then used Blue Native‐PAGE, a technique commonly employed in the separation of membrane protein complexes, in a study of the first of its kind to purify and analyse the RNA degradosome. We showed that the V. angustum S14 RNA degradosome comprises at least RNase E, RhlB, enolase and PNPase. Based on the results obtained from sequence analyses, two‐hybrid assays, immunoprecipitation experiments and Blue Native‐PAGE separation, we present a model for the V. angustum S14 RNA degradosome. We discuss the benefits of using Blue Native‐PAGE as a tool to analyse the RNA degradosome, and the implications of microdomain‐mediated RNase E interaction specificity.Structured digital abstract
A list of the large number of protein–protein interactions described in this article is available via the MINT article ID MINT‐8049250
Residual Stresses in Gas Turbine Engine Components From Barkhausen
Noise Analysis
Authors: Barton J. R. , Kusenberger F. N. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The Barkhausen noise analysis method for nondestructive residual stress measurement in ferromagnetic steels is described. Photographs showing the influence of stress on magnetic domain walls are presented; qualitative and quantitative calibration results are summarized. Results of exploratory measurements on a variety of jet engine components: compressor blades, compressor disks, diffuser cases and ball bearings, are presented and discussed.
Constrained Flow Past Cavitating Bluff Bodies
Authors: Ramamurthy A. S. , Bhaskaran P. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
An experimental program has been carried out to determine the effects of wall interference on the drag and vortex shedding characteristics of cavitating two-dimensional triangular prisms and circular cylinders. The former shapes were chosen to eliminate effects of Reynolds number in interpreting the results. Direct pressure measurements were made to estimate the drag force. The vortex shedding frequency of the cavitating bodies was recorded with the help of a pressure transducer. The gap velocity u1 and the jet contraction velocity uj are shown to be the proper velocity scales to form the drag coefficients and Strouhal numbers for the bluff shapes tested. The drag coefficient was found to increase due to wall interference effects when partial cavitation conditions prevailed. The trend of the drag coefficient data indicated that wall interference effects are relatively small at very low cavitation numbers (σ → σch) which correspond to choking conditions. As choking conditions are reached, the vortex shedding from the cavitating source becomes intermittent and finally vortex shedding ceases.
Characterisation of a population of Pratylenchus hippeastri from bromeliads and description of two related new species, P. floridensis n. sp. and P. parafloridensis n. sp., from grasses in Florida
Authors: De Luca Francesca , Troccoli Alberto , Duncan Larry W. , Subbotin Sergei A. , Waeyenberge Lieven , Moens Maurice , Inserra Renato N. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Morphological and molecular analyses confirmed the presence of Pratylenchus
hippeastri in regulatory samples collected in commercial bromeliad
operations from genera Guzmania, Neoregelia and Vriesea in central and south
Florida, USA. Specimens of P. hippeastri from bromeliads contained males
which were not detected in the type population from amaryllis and are
described herein for the first time. The rDNA sequences of these males
matched those of P. hippeastri female type material. Pratylenchus hippeastri
and root-lesion nematodes from several hosts in Florida were characterised
at the morphological and molecular level, whereas other samples from Russia
and South Africa were characterised at the molecular level only. Sequence
and phylogenetic analysis using the ITS rRNA gene of these root-lesion
nematodes revealed the presence of eight putative new species (spH1-H8)
closely related to P. hippeastri. Here we describe two Florida
representatives of the amphimictic root-lesion nematodes from Bahia grass
(N1) and maidencane (N2), previously characterised by Inserra et al. in 1996
and Duncan et al. in 1999, as two new species phylogenetically related to P.
hippeastri and named P. floridensis n. sp. and P. parafloridensis n. sp.,
respectively. The small round or oval (rarely rectangular and occasionally
oblong) and enlarged spermatheca and the bluntly pointed or subacute tail
with smooth and occasionally indented terminus separate P. floridensis n.
sp. from P. parafloridensis n. sp., which has a quadrangular spermatheca and
a subhemispherical or bluntly pointed tail with generally smooth and rarely
indented terminus. However, these characters may overlap in some specimens
making a morphological separation problematic without the use of molecular
analysis. The close phylogenetic relationships shared by the species
characterised in this study indicate that they are representatives of a P.
hippeastri species complex.
Political and Legal Problems Related to Estonian Private Law Reforms Prior to the Formal Statehood Period and during the Early Formal Statehood Period
Authors: Erne Jaanika 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe aim of this article is to demonstrate some problems related to harmonization of Estonian private law prior to the formal statehood period, and during the early formal statehood period. With regard to Estonian private law developments prior to the formal statehood period it is concluded that such developments are closely connected to a nation's legal consciousness and identity. The Estonian private law developments during the early formal statehood period are characterized through the Panevezys-Saldutiskis Railway case that was brought before the Permanent Court of International Justice by the Estonian State against the Lithuanian State in 1937. The facts of this case date back to a legally controversial era after the October Revolution that brought principal changes to Russian private law on what law essentially Estonian private law depended on. Both periods demonstrate that changes to private law are not only technical, but closely related to a variety of categories beginning with an inner sense of morality and ending up with principles of international law.
How can we improve targeting of frail elderly patients to a geriatric day-hospital rehabilitation program?
Authors: Pereira Silvia RM , Chiu Wendy , Turner Alyson , Chevalier Stephanie , Joseph Lawrence , Huang Allen R , Morais Jose A 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
The optimal patient selection of frail elderly persons undergoing rehabilitation in Geriatric Day Hospital (GDH) programs remains uncertain. This study was done to identify potential predictors of rehabilitation outcomes for these patients.

Methods
This study is a retrospective cohort analysis of patients admitted to the rehabilitation program of our GDH, in Montreal, Canada, over a five year period. The measures considered were: Barthel Index, Older Americans Resources and Services, Folstein Mini Mental Status Exam, Timed Up & Go (TUG), 6-minute walk test (6 MWT), Gait speed, Berg Balance, grip strength and the European Quality of life - 5 Dimensions. Successful improvement with rehabilitation was defined as improvement in three or more tests of physical function. Logistic regression analysis using the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was employed to select the optimal model for making predictions of rehabilitation success.

Results
A total of 335 patients were studied, but only 233 patients had a complete data set suitable for the predictive model. Average age was 81 years and patients attended the GDH an average of 24 visits. Significant changes were found in several measures of physical performance for many patients ranging from improved gait speed in 21.3% to improved TUG in 62.7% of the cohort. Fifty-eight percent of patients attained successful improvement with rehabilitation by our criteria. This group was characterized by lower test scores on admission. Using BIC, the best predictor model was the 6 MWT [OR: 0.994 per meter walked (95% CI: 0.990-0.997)].

Conclusions
The GDH rehabilitation program is effective in improving patients' physical performance. Although no single measure was found to be sufficiently predictive to help target candidates appropriately, the 6 MWT showed a trend to significance. Further research will be done to elucidate the utility of a composite 'rehab appropriateness index' and the role of International Classification of Function concepts for targeting frail elderly to GDH rehabilitation services.
Bovine herpesvirus 4 based vector as a potential oncolytic-virus for treatment of glioma
Authors: Redaelli Marco , Mucignat-Caretta Carla , Cavaggioni Andrea , Caretta Antonio , D'Avella Domenico , Denaro Luca , Cavirani Sandro , Donofrio Gaetano 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The application of gene therapy for malignant gliomas is still under study and the use of specific vectors represents an important contribution. Here, we investigated bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4), which is non-pathogenic if injected into the rodent brain. We show that the vector can infect mouse, rat and human glioma cell lines and primary cultures obtained from human glioblastoma in vitro. BoHV-4 was injected into a tumour grown in rat brain. Although virus expression was scattered across the tumour mass, it was mainly located in the peripheral area of larger gliomas. These data support BoHV-4 as a candidate vector for glioma treatment.
Current Status of Adjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Katz Matthew H. G. , Fleming Jason B. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Pisters Peter W. T. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Explain the rationale for the use of adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemoradiation and/or chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with potentially resectable pancreatic cancer.Describe the limitations of prior prospective, randomized trials of adjuvant therapy strategies and the clinical implications of these limitations.Compare modern strategies for the multidisciplinary management of potentially resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.
This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com.
In this article, we review the rationale for and outcomes associated with the use of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy for resectable and borderline resectable cancer of the pancreatic head and uncinate process. Localized pancreatic cancer is a systemic disease that requires nonoperative therapies to minimize the local and systemic recurrences that almost invariably occur in the absence of such therapy, even following complete surgical resection. A well-defined role exists for the systemic administration of gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil in the postoperative setting. Although the survival benefit associated with adjuvant chemoradiation has not been as rigorously defined, its use is supported by extensive historic experience; chemoradiation should be considered particularly for patients at high risk for local recurrence. Delivery of chemotherapy and/or chemoradiation prior to surgery has multiple potential advantages, although the superiority of neoadjuvant therapy over standard postoperative therapy has yet to be demonstrated. Neoadjuvant therapy may be particularly beneficial among patients with borderline resectable cancers. Although the existing literature is confusing, and indeed controversial, available evidence suggests that systemic chemotherapy and/or chemoradiation should be offered to all patients with pancreatic cancer who undergo potentially curative resection. Well-designed prospective trials are needed to define the optimal adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy strategy for these patients.
The thermodynamic dissociation constant of naphazoline by the regression analysis of potentiometric data
Authors: Meloun Milan , Ferenčíková Zuzana , Netolická Lucie , Vrána Aleš 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The mixed dissociation constant of naphazoline is determined at various ionic strengths I [mol dm−3] in the range of 0.01 to 0.26 and at temperatures of 25°C and 37°C using ESAB and HYPERQUAD regression analysis of the potentiometric titration data. A strategy of efficient experimentation is proposed in a protonation constant determination, followed by a computational strategy for the chemical model with a protonation constant determination. Two group parameters, L 0 and H T were ill-conditioned in the model and their determination is therefore uncertain. These group parameters, L 0 and H T, can significantly influence a systematic error in the estimated common parameter pKa and they always should be refined together with pK a. The thermodynamic dissociation constant pK aT was estimated by nonlinear regression of {pK a, I} data at 25°C and 37°C: for naphazoline pK alT = 10.41(1) and 10.13(2). Goodness-of-fit tests for various regression diagnostics enabled the reliability of the parameter estimates to be found.