bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical Activation of Sinus Venosus Myocardium and Expression Patterns of RhoA and Isl‐1 in the Chick Embryo
Authors: VICENTE‐STEIJN REBECCA , KOLDITZ DENISE P. , MAHTAB EDRIS A.F. , ASKAR SAÏD F.A. , BAX NOORTJE A.M. , VAN DER GRAAF LINDA M. , WISSE LAMBERTUS J. , PASSIER ROBERT , PIJNAPPELS DANIËL A. , SCHALIJ MARTIN J. , POELMANN ROBERT E. , GITTENBERGER‐DE GROOT ADRIANA C. , JONGBLOED MONIQUE R.M. 
Published: April 2010

Electrical Activity and RhoA in the Embryo. Introduction: Myocardium at the venous pole (sinus venosus) of the heart has gained clinical interest as arrhythmias can be initiated from this area. During development, sinus venosus myocardium is incorporated to the primary heart tube and expresses different markers than primary myocardium. We aimed to elucidate the development of sinus venosus myocardium, including the sinoatrial node (SAN), by studying expression patterns of RhoA in relation to other markers, and by studying electrical activation patterns of the developing sinus venosus myocardium.
Methods and Results:
Expression of RhoA, myocardial markers cTnI and Nkx2.5, transcription factors Isl‐1 and Tbx18, and cation channel HCN4 were examined in sequential stages in chick embryos. Electrical activation patterns were studied using microelectrodes and optical mapping. Embryonic sinus venosus myocardium is cTnI and HCN4 positive, Nkx2.5 negative, complemented by distinct patterns of Isl‐1 and Tbx18. During development, initial myocardium‐wide expression of RhoA becomes restricted to right‐sided sinus venosus myocardium, comprising the SAN. Electrophysiological measurements revealed initial capacity of both atria to show electrical activity that in time shifts to a right‐sided dominance, coinciding with persistence of RhoA, Tbx18, and HCN4 and absence of Nkx2.5 expression in the definitive SAN.
Conclusion:
Results show an initially bilateral electrical potential of sinus venosus myocardium evolving into a right‐sided activation pattern during development, and suggest a role for RhoA in conduction system development. We hypothesize an initial sinus venosus‐wide capacity to generate pacemaker signals, becoming confined to the definitive SAN. Lack of differentiation toward a chamber phenotype would explain ectopic pacemaker foci. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1284‐1292, November 2010)
The Effects of Rate and Rhythm Control on Blood Pressure and Antihypertensive Drug Usage in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Hypertension Enrolled in the AFFIRM Trial
Authors: MASOOD SYED O. , WASMUND STEPHEN L. , AKOUM NAZEM W. , EGGER MARLENE J. , HSIAI TZUNG , HAMDAN MOHAMED H. 
Published: April 2010

AF and HTN in the AFFIRM trial. Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been shown to be associated with activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, endothelial dysfunction, and increased sympathetic activity, all of which could lead to hypertension (HTN). While the effects of HTN on AF incidence and arrhythmogenesis have been reported, the long‐term effects of AF on blood pressure (BP) remain unknown. We hypothesized that a rate control strategy is associated with an increase in BP and/or antihypertensive drug therapy when compared with a rhythm control strategy in patients with a history of AF and HTN.
Methods and Results:
Using the intention to treat method, BP readings and the number of antihypertensive medication categories were analyzed over the first year of follow‐up in patients with AF and HTN enrolled in the AFFIRM trial. No clinically significant changes in BP occurred. Medication data were available in 2,876 patients. In the rate control group, 27.8% of patients required a net increase in the number of antihypertensive medications when compared to 18.3% in the rhythm control group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, 27.1% of patients in the rate control group had a net decrease in the number of antihypertensive medications when compared with 41.7% in the rhythm control group (P < 0.001).
Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that AF could be contributing to BP elevation in patients with a history of HTN and that a rhythm control strategy might result in a decrease in BP in these patients. This hypothesis however, requires future testing. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1094‐1098)
Relationship Between Nurses’ Organizational Trust Levels and Their Organizational Citizenship Behaviors
Authors: Altuntas Serap , Baykal Ulku 
Published: April 2010

Abstract Purpose: This research used a descriptive and explorative design to determine the levels of nurses’ organizational trust and organizational citizenship and to investigate relationships between the levels of organizational trust and organizational citizenship behaviors. Design and Methods: Nurses who had completed their orientation from a total of 11 hospitals with bed capacities of 100 and located in the European district of Istanbul were included in the sample for this study. Formal, written applications and approval of the ethical committee were obtained from concerned institutions before proceeding with the data collection step. The Organizational Trust Inventory and the Organizational Citizenship Level Scale, a questionnaire form including five questions regarding nurses’ personal characteristics, were used in data collection. Data collection tools were distributed to 900 nurses in total, and usable data were obtained from 482 nurses. Number and percentage calculations and Pearson correlation analysis were used to assess research data. Findings: The results of the present research showed that nurses had a higher than average level of trust in their managers and coworkers and they trusted more in their managers and coworkers than their institutions. The Organizational Citizenship Level Scale indicated that the behavior most frequently demonstrated by the nurses was conscientiousness, followed by courtesy and civic virtue, whereas sportsmanship was displayed to an average extent. An analysis of relationships between nurses’ level of organizational trust and their organizational citizenship behaviors revealed that nurses who trust in their managers, institutions, and coworkers demonstrated the organizational citizenship behaviors of conscientiousness, civic virtue, courtesy, and altruism more frequently. Conclusions: The findings attained in this study indicated that the organizational trust the staff had in their institutions, managers, and coworkers influenced the organizational citizenship behaviors of conscientiousness, civic virtue, altruism, and courtesy, whereas it had no effect on sportsmanship behavior. Nurse managers should introduce studies to improve their subordinates’ organizational trust to ensure that they develop organizational citizenship behaviors, and they should support them in this process. Clinical Relevance: These topics for nursing services will provide guidance to managers, particularly to managers of nursing services, in establishing processes to predict nurses’ organizational commitment, job satisfaction, performance, intention to leave, and other relevant issues.
Does increase in women's income relative to men's income increase food calorie intake in poor households? Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Aromolaran Adebayo B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article addresses the important but not widely investigated question of how calorie consumption in African low‐income households would respond to intrahousehold redistribution of income from men to women. Specifically, I use survey data on a sample of 480 households from semirural areas of south‐western Nigeria to analyze the response of per capita calorie intake to changes in women's share of household income, after controlling for per capita income and demographic characteristics at individual, household, and community levels. I also examine the effect of marginal increases in household income on per capita calorie intake conditional on the income distribution factor: women's share of income. My results suggest that redistributing household income from men to women would neither raise per capita food energy intake nor increase the quality of food calorie source of households in rural south‐western Nigeria. I also find that while the income elasticity of quantity of calorie intake is close to zero, income elasticity for quality of calorie intake is substantially positive. I conclude that neither gender‐neutral household income increases nor redistribution of household income in favor of women would substantially motivate increased amounts of food energy intake within households in the population under study. However, gender neutral increase in household income is likely to substantially increase the household demand for high‐quality food calorie sources.
Seasonal movement patterns of Credit River brown trout (Salmo trutta)
Authors: Zimmer M. , Schreer J. F. , Power M. 
Published: April 2010

Zimmer M, Schreer JF, Power M. Seasonal movement patterns of Credit River brown trout (Salmo trutta). Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 290–299. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Movement habits in riverine populations of brown trout vary among watersheds. Thus it is important to identify factors influencing differences in individual behaviour so as to improve the information resource base available for the design of river‐specific management strategies. Such information is particularly needed in the rapidly urbanising watersheds of eastern North America where relatively little is known about anthropogenic influences on brown trout populations. In this study, we examined the influence of water temperature on brown trout behaviour in the Credit River in south‐central Ontario, Canada with respect to seasonal movement patterns. Observed patterns of movement were also correlated with variations in river discharge and habitat quality. Forty‐three radio‐tagged, adult brown trout were tracked in a confined 39.8 km portion of the Credit River from 15 May 2002 to 28 July 2003. Fish were captured in three sections of the river that differed in distance downstream and habitat quality. Fish size had little impact on movement patterns. However, there was considerable variation in seasonal movement with upstream movements to summer positions, maintenance of summer positions, downstream and often extensive movements in fall. Also observed was maintenance of winter positions and repeated upstream movements in late spring‐early summer to previously used summer positions. The elaborate movement behaviour in the Credit River population was attributed to seasonal changes in thermal habitat quality. Fish tagged in less suitable thermal habitats moved significantly more than fish from more suitable thermal habitats.
Influence of river conditions during seaward migration and ocean conditions on survival rates of Snake River Chinook salmon and steelhead
Authors: Petrosky C. E. , Schaller H. A. 
Published: April 2010

Petrosky CE, Schaller HA. Influence of river conditions during seaward migration and ocean conditions on survival rates of Snake River Chinook salmon and steelhead. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 520–536. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Improved understanding of the relative influence of ocean and freshwater factors on survival of at‐risk anadromous fish populations is critical to success of conservation and recovery efforts. Abundance and smolt to adult survival rates of Snake River Chinook salmon and steelhead decreased dramatically coincident with construction of hydropower dams in the 1970s. However, separating the influence of ocean and freshwater conditions is difficult because of possible confounding factors. We used long time‐series of smolt to adult survival rates for Chinook salmon and steelhead to estimate first year ocean survival rates. We constructed multiple regression models that explained the survival rate patterns using environmental indices for ocean conditions and in‐river conditions experienced during seaward migration. Survival rates during the smolt to adult and first year ocean life stages for both species were associated with both ocean and river conditions. Best‐fit, simplest models indicate that lower survival rates for Chinook salmon are associated with warmer ocean conditions, reduced upwelling in the spring, and with slower river velocity during the smolt migration or multiple passages through powerhouses at dams. Similarly, lower survival rates for steelhead are associated with warmer ocean conditions, reduced upwelling in the spring, and with slower river velocity and warmer river temperatures. Given projections for warming ocean conditions, a precautionary management approach should focus on improving in‐river migration conditions by increasing water velocity, relying on increased spill, or other actions that reduce delay of smolts through the river corridor during their seaward migration.
Ontogenetic diet shift in the June suckerChasmistes liorus(Cypriniformes, Catostomidae) in the early juvenile stage
Authors: Kreitzer J. D. , Belk M. C. , Gonzalez D. B. , Tuckfield R. C. , Shiozawa D. K. , Rasmussen J. E. 
Published: April 2010

Kreitzer JD, Belk MC, Gonzalez DB, Tuckfield RC, Shiozawa DK, Rasmussen JE. Ontogenetic diet shift in the June suckerChasmistes liorus(Cypriniformes, Catostomidae) in the early juvenile stage. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 433–438. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Ontogenetic diet shifts are common in fishes and often occur during early life stages. The larval and early juvenile period is critical in the life cycle of the endangered June sucker,Chasmistes liorus(Teleostei: Catostomidae). High larval and juvenile mortality leads to low recruitment to the breeding population and hence a declining natural population. To understand diet composition and dynamics in June sucker at early life stages, diet was quantified and compared to available food items in the natural environment during the early juvenile stage. Rotifers (Brachionussp.) were the primary diet item at week 10, but by week 12 a small cyclopoid copepod (Microcyclops rubellus) became predominant. Availability of diet items varied little across the experimental period. The increase in size of young suckers may explain this rapid dietary shift, but there are some inconsistencies with the size selection argument. This diet shift represents an important nutritional change that should be considered in development of diets for young June sucker and in assessing suitability of nursery habitats.
Effect of procedure light on the physiological responses of preterm infants
Authors: OZAWA Mio , SASAKI Minako , KANDA Katsuya 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim:  Current recommendations for illumination in the NICU state that procedure light should be controlled with a rheostat to protect infants from high illumination. However, overhead fluorescent lights without a dimmer switch are still used in Japan. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of three different procedure lighting conditions (fluorescent with on/off switch rapidly increasing the level of light [FRL], incandescent with on/off switch rapidly increasing the level of light [IRL], and incandescent with dimmer switch slowly increasing the level of light [ISL]) on the respiratory rate (RR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) in preterm infants with or without oxygen therapy.Methods:  Eight preterm infants, with a gestational age of 29–31 weeks, were included in a repeated randomized cross‐over study. ANCOVAs, based on general linear mixed models, were used to examine physiological changes over time and across lighting conditions. In addition, the minimum SpO2 values, after increasing the level of light, were classified into SpO2 ≤ 85%, SpO2 = 86–91%, and SpO2 ≥ 92% for each lighting condition.Results:  With and without oxygen therapy, the RR and SpO2 under the ISL were higher than under the FRL and IRL. SpO2 ≤ 85% was only observed under the FRL and SpO2 = 86–91% was observed under the FRL and IRL.Conclusions:  These data suggest that differences in the light conditions influence physiological responses in preterm infants and slowly increasing the level of light might make it easier for them to slowly adapt to high illumination and prevent declining SpO2 values in neonates.
STORAGE AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON APPEARANCE AND TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONVENTIONAL MILK YOGURT
Authors: COGGINS PATTI C. , ROWE DENNIS E. , WILSON JULIE C. , KUMARI SHWETA 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT The effects of storage days (0–56) and temperature (4.4, 7 or 10C) on appearance and textural sensory characteristics of conventional milk yogurt were evaluated. Covariate analysis determined the effects of storage days, temperature and their interaction on 20 sensory variables. Time–temperature interaction and temperature effects were not significant for any sensory response. The sensory variables significantly affected by time were: five of 10 appearance attributes (color description, brightness, evenness, particle intensity, distribution) and six of 10 texture attributes (hand‐felt [HF]: slipperiness, ropiness, firmness; mouthfelt [MF]: viscosity, slipperiness, firmness). Color, particles and distribution increased in intensity over storage and temperature. Slipperiness and firmness increased for both HF and MF textures. Ropiness HF and viscosity MF increased over time. Correlation analyses within each of the two sensory groupings included only those significantly affected by time. Principal component analysis was moderately effective at reducing dimensionality. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSAppearance and textural attributes of conventional milk yogurt and the effects of storage time and temperature can be monitored using descriptive analysis. Measurement of yogurt's textural attributes includes both mouthfelt and hand‐felt attributes that are equally important to the overall quality of yogurt. This research adds dimensionality to the descriptive textural attributes of yogurt by evaluating both sensory categories. The changing pace of food and dairy science demonstrates the need for descriptive knowledge that can be transferred easily into predictive knowledge. Dairy manufacturers can refer to descriptive studies to characterize the sensory attributes of yogurt at a specific age or storage time to determine marketability of the stored product. Consumers can be critical of the perceived sensory characteristics of foods, thus making it additionally important for the dairy industry to monitor the quality and acceptability of conventional milk yogurt.
CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE FOR GREEN TEA BY CONSUMERS IN THE UNITED STATES, KOREA AND THAILAND
Authors: LEE J. , CHAMBERS IV E. , CHAMBERS D.H. , CHUN S.S. , OUPADISSAKOON C. , JOHNSON D.E. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT Green tea consumption has been common in some countries for centuries, but in others, it is just finding popularity. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the liking of green tea by consumers in three countries: Korea, where green tea is commonly consumed; Thailand, an Asian country where green tea is generally consumed in a cold form; and the U.S.A., a country where green tea is not commonly consumed, and (2) identify the attributes which appear to influence consumers' liking. The liking of green tea varied depending on the country and the consumer segment. Korean consumers generally liked the green tea samples with various green flavors and moderate bitterness, although a few of the Korean consumer segments liked samples with other flavor profiles. Most of the U.S. consumers liked the tea samples that had brown, fruity or sweet aromatic flavors with little or no green flavors. Thai consumers preferred tea samples with fruity flavors and no green flavor. Regardless of the consumers' origin, the green tea samples with the highest bitterness were disliked. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe current research suggests that familiarity plays a role in tea acceptance. However, various flavor profiles may be acceptable to consumers who are from different countries and are familiar with other flavors of green tea. This suggests that although familiarity plays a role in consumers' acceptance, other factors also contribute to liking. This study has particular implications for the selection of mass‐marketed green teas.
SENSORY PROFILE DEVELOPMENT FOR AN ITALIAN PDO EWE'S MILK CHEESE AT TWO DIFFERENT RIPENING TIMES
Authors: SCINTU MARIA F. , DEL CARO ALESSANDRA , URGEGHE PIETRO P. , PIGA CARLO , DI SALVO RICCARDO 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT The sensory profile technique was applied to the Italian Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Fiore Sardo cheese, made exclusively from raw ewe's milk in artisanal farms in Sardinia. The descriptive sensory analysis was used to find the sensory attributes which characterize this PDO cheese at two different ripening times (105 and 180 days). The product specification states that the cheese must have no less than 105 days of maturation before being sold, while at more than 180 days it is usually used grated. Twelve expert panelists, whose efficacy was confirmed by variance analysis, identified and evaluated 10 sensory attributes on cheese samples: smoked and rennet for odor; sour and salty for taste, piquant for trigeminal sensation; smoked and rennet for aroma; floury, grainy and friability for texture. The judges were also asked to provide an overall evaluation of sensory typicality. Cheeses from different farms ripened for 105 days differed significantly for smoked odor, salty, grainy and typicality, whereas the cheeses ripened for 180 days were significantly different for smoked odor, piquant, friability and sensory typicality. The comparison between cheeses from the same farm at 105 and 180 days showed no significant differences. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe quality policy implemented in the European Union (EU) for agricultural products has met with growing interest among producers and consumers. Quality means to satisfy the expectations of the consumers. Indeed, consumers are giving increasing importance to the quality of foodstuffs rather than the quantity, generating a demand for agricultural products with an identifiable geographical origin. This can be obtained by providing certifications, such as Protected Designation of Origin and Protected Geographical Indication, with established characteristics of production and defined product characteristics, including sensory attributes which are strong determinants of acceptability. The study of traditional products, such as Fiore Sardo cheese, can be of considerable benefit to the rural economy (particularly in remote areas) by improving the incomes of farmers and by retaining the rural population in these areas. Moreover, the use of the sensory profile may help to preserve the identity of Fiore Sardo cheese by means of a sensory quality certification.