bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Broadening and Shifting of N2H+ Rotational Lines by Helium
Authors: Buffa Giovanni , Tarrini Ottavio , Dore Luca , Meuwly Markus 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPressure broadening and pressure shift of N2H+ rotational lines perturbed by collisions with He are studied for the first time using experiment and theory. Results are reported from measurements at 88 K for the rotational transitions ${j = 3 \leftarrow 2}$, ${4 \leftarrow 3}$, ${5 \leftarrow 4}$ and ${6 \leftarrow 5}$ with frequencies ranging from 0.28 to 0.56 THz. The agreement between experiment and theoretical data derived from close coupling calculations confirms the reliability of a theoretical framework used for state‐to‐state transition rates of interest in the interpretation of spectroscopic data from interstellar molecular clouds. The influence of hyperfine effects on shifts and widths of the rotational lines is discussed in detail. Although in principle possible, experiment and theoretical considerations lead to the conclusion that hyperfine effects only play a minor role.
Spatially Resolved ATR‐FTIRS Study of the Formation of Macroscopic Domains and Microislands during CO Electrooxidation on Pt
Authors: Bauer Philipp R. , Bonnefont Antoine , Krischer Katharina 
Published: August 2010

AbstractElectrooxidation of CO in CO‐saturated sulfuric acid electrolyte solutions with controlled mass transport is investigated with spatially resolved attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy under galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions. The reaction conditions are chosen such that steady states with intermediate current densities and intermediate average CO coverages are accessible. We demonstrate that under these conditions the reaction never proceeds uniformly on the electrode surface. Instead, macroscopic domains form spontaneously, composed of areas with high CO coverage and areas essentially free of adsorbed CO molecules. The average coverage within the CO‐covered domains depends on the electrolyte concentration and the applied potential and can vary between saturation coverage and a few tenths of a monolayer. However, the absence of a red‐shift of the CO vibrational band points to a further substructuring of the domains in densely packed CO microislands. These microislands most likely also form in the boundary layer between the CO‐rich and CO‐free electrode domains. This hierarchical patterning of the electrode surface is attributed to the interplay of autocatalytic reaction steps, spatial coupling through migration or the galvanostatic control of the experiment, and molecular interactions between molecules co‐adsorbed on the electrode surface.
Metallization of Ultra‐Thin, Non‐Thiol SAMs with Flat‐Lying Molecular Units: Pd on 1, 4‐Dicyanobenzene
Authors: Eberle Felix , Metzler Martin , Kolb Dieter M. , Saitner Marc , Wagner Patrick , Boyen Hans‐Gerd 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers of 1,4‐dicyanobenzene on Au(111) electrodes are studied by cyclic voltammetry, in‐situ STM and ex‐situ XPS. High‐resolution STM images reveal a long‐range order of propeller‐like assemblies each of which consists of three molecules, all lying flat on the gold substrate with the cyano groups oriented parallel to the metal surface. It is demonstrated that both functional groups can act as complexation sites for metal ions from solution. Surprisingly, such arrangements still allow the metal to be deposited on top of the molecules by electrochemical reduction despite the close vicinity to the Au surface. The latter is demonstrated by angle‐resolved XPS which unequivocally shows that the metal indeed resides on top of the organic layer rather than underneath, despite the flat arrangement of the molecules.
Voltammetric Manifestation of the Ultraslow Dynamics at the Interface between Water and an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Kakiuchi Takashi , Yasui Yukinori , Kitazumi Yuki , Nishi Naoya 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe ultraslow relaxation (on the order of minutes) of the electrical double‐layer structure, related to a change in the phase‐boundary potential across the interface between water (W) and the ionic liquid (IL) trioctylmethylammonium bis(nonafluorobutanesufonyl)amide ([TOMA+][C4C4N−]) (Y. Yasui et al., J. Phys. Chem. B. 2009, 113, 3273), appears to be invisible in the transfer of tetrapropylammonium ions across the [TOMA+][C4C4N−]|W interface, provided that the charging current, which shows an unusual dependence on the voltage scan rate, is subtracted to obtain the faradaic current. This counterintuitive observation can be explained by the differences in the timescales of the fast and slow components of the relaxation dynamics of the electrical double layer on the IL side (ms and min). In contrast, the effect of the slow dynamics becomes surfaced in ion‐transfer voltammetry when the ion is surface‐active. The transfer of pentadecafluorooctanoate across the [TOMA+][C4C4N−]|W interface is irreversible, which is attributable to the self‐inhibition of pentadecafluorooctanoate ions transferred to the IL phase. This process is likely to be affected by the ultraslow structural change of the IL side of the interface.
Effect of External Pressure on the Excitation Energy Transfer from [Cr(ox)3]3− to [Cr(bpy)3]3+ in [Rh1−xCrx(bpy)3][NaM1−yCry(ox)3]ClO4
Authors: Milos Mia , Pal Prodipta , Hauser Andreas 
Published: August 2010

AbstractResonant excitation energy transfer from [Cr(ox)3]3− to [Cr(bpy)3]3+ in the doped 3D oxalate networks [Rh1−xCrx(bpy)3][NaMIII1−yCry(ox)3]ClO4 (ox=C2O4−, bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, M=Al, Rh) is due to two types of interaction, namely super exchange coupling and electric dipole–dipole interaction. The energy transfer probability for both mechanisms is proportional to the spectral overlap of the 2E→4A2 emission of the [Cr(ox)3]3− donor and the 4A2→2T1 absorption of the [Cr(bpy)3]3+ acceptor. The spin‐flip transitions of (pseudo‐)octahedral Cr3+ are known to shift to lower energy with increasing pressure. Because the shift rates of the two transitions in question differ, the spectral overlap between the donor emission and the acceptor absorption is a function of applied pressure. For [Rh1−xCrx(bpy)3][NaM1−yCry(ox)3]ClO4 the spectral overlap is thus substantially reduced on increasing pressure from 0 to 2.5 GPa. As a result, the energy transfer probability decreases with increasing pressure as evidenced by a decrease in the relative emission intensity from the [Cr(bpy)3]3+ acceptor.
1.7 nm Platinum Nanoparticles: Synthesis with Glucose Starch, Characterization and Catalysis
Authors: Engelbrekt Christian , Sørensen Karsten Holm , Lübcke Teis , Zhang Jingdong , Li Qingfeng , Pan Chao , Bjerrum Niels J. , Ulstrup Jens 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMonodisperse platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) were synthesized by a green recipe. Glucose serves as a reducing agent and starch as a stabilization agent to protect the freshly formed PtNP cores in buffered aqueous solutions. Among the ten buffers studied, 2‐(N‐morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), ammonium acetate and phosphate are the best media for PtNP size control and fast chemical preparation. The uniform sizes of the metal cores were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and found to be 1.8±0.5, 1.7±0.2 and 1.6±0.5 nm in phosphate, MES and ammonium acetate buffer, respectively. The estimated total diameter of the core with a starch coating layer is 5.8–6.0 nm, based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthesis reaction is simple, environmentally friendly, highly reproducible, and easy to scale up. The PtNPs were characterized electrochemically and show high catalytic activity for reduction of dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide as well as for oxidation of dihydrogen. The PtNPs can be transferred to carbon support materials with little demand for high specific surface area of carbon. This enables utilization of graphitized carbon blacks to prepare well‐dispersed Pt/C catalysts, which exhibit significantly improved durability in the accelerated aging test under fuel cell mimicking conditions.
From Adlayer Islands to Surface Alloy: Structural and Chemical Changes on Bimetallic PtRu/Ru(0001) Surfaces
Authors: Diemant Thomas , Bergbreiter Andreas , Bansmann Joachim , Hoster Harry E. , Behm R. Jürgen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe correlation between structural and chemical properties of bimetallic PtRu/Ru(0001) model catalysts and their modification upon stepwise annealing of a submonolayer Pt‐covered Ru(0001) surface up to the formation of an equilibrated PtxRu1−x/Ru(0001) monolayer surface alloy was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and by the adsorption of CO and D2 probe molecules. Both temperature‐programmed desorption and IR measurements demonstrate the influence of the surface structure on the adsorption properties of the bimetallic surface, which can be explained by changes of the composition of the adsorption ensembles (ensemble effects) for D adsorption and by changes in the electronic interaction (ligand effects, strain effects) of the metallic constituents for CO and D adsorption upon alloy formation.
Spin–Orbit Contributions in High‐Spin Nitrenes/Carbenes: A Hybrid CASSCF/MRMP2 Study of Zero‐Field Splitting Tensors
Authors: Sugisaki Kenji , Toyota Kazuo , Sato Kazunobu , Shiomi Daisuke , Kitagawa Masahiro , Takui Takeji 
Published: August 2010

AbstractZero‐field splitting (ZFS) tensors (D tensors) of organic high‐spin oligonitrenes/oligocarbenes up to spin‐septet are quantitatively determined on the basis of quantum chemical calculations. The spin–orbit contributions, DSO tensors are calculated in terms of a hybrid CASSCF/MRMP2 approach, which was recently proposed by us. The spin–spin counterparts, DSS tensors are computed based on McWeeny–Mizuno’s equation in conjunction with the RODFT spin densities. The present calculations show that more than 10 % of ZFS arises from spin–orbit interactions in the high‐spin nitrenes under study. Contributions of spin‐bearing site–site interactions are estimated with the aid of a semi‐empirical model for the D tensors and found to be ca. 5 % of the DSO tensor. The analysis of intermediate states reveal that the largest contributions to the calculated DSO tensors are attributed to intra‐site spin flip excitations and delocalized π and π* orbitals play an important role in the inter‐site spin–orbit interactions.
The impact of the code for sustainable homes on masonry house construction in England
Authors: Roberts John 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn England masonry remains the predominant form of house construction and accounts for over 80 % of all new dwellings. The rate of replacement of the housing stock in the UK remains low and each dwelling is required to have a viable working life in excess of 100 years. This requires forms of construction that are durable, with low maintenance costs and that are sufficiently flexible to cope with extension, alteration and changes in performance requirements.The Code for Sustainable Homes takes a more holistic approach to the design requirements for dwellings than the Building Regulations and the Code Levels with which house builders are required to comply will be increased over a comparatively short period of time. This paper examines the Code requirements and indicates how the manufacturer and designer can provide masonry constructions that address the various code levels.Auswirkungen der Norm für nachhaltigen Wohnungsbau auf den Mauerwerksbau in England. In England bleibt Mauerwerk die vorherrschende Bauweise beim Hausbau und macht über 80 % aller neuen Wohnungen aus. Der Anteil des Bestandsersatzes im Wohnungsbau im Vereinigten Königreich ist niedrig. Somit ergibt sich ein Bedarf an nachhaltig flexibler Gestaltung des Wohnraums mit einer Lebensdauer von mehr als 100 Jahren. Dies erfordert Konstruktionsformen, die dauerhaft sind, mit geringen Unterhaltskosten auskommen und die flexibel genug sind, um Erweiterungen, Umbauten und Veränderungen im Anforderungsspektrum zu ermöglichen.Die Norm für nachhaltigen Wohnungsbau folgt einem ganzheitlicheren Ansatz für die konstruktiven Anforderungen an Wohngebäude als die bestehenden Baunormen. Die normativen Anforderungen, welche das bauende Gewerbe zu erfüllen hat, werden sich in einem vergleichsweise kurzen Zeitraum erhöhen. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die Anforderungen der Norm und zeigt, wie die Hersteller und Konstrukteure Mauerwerksbauten gestalten können, so dass diese den verschiedenen Normkategorien genügen.
Auf Zukunft gebaut — Projektbericht eines Neubau‐Zweifamilienhauses als EnergieWertHaus
Authors: Wiest Alexander , Ahle Christian 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBereits im Jahre 2007 wurde von Xella die EnergieWertHaus‐Initiative gestartet. Aktueller Anlass war die aufkommende Klimaschutzdiskussion und die damals schon angekündigte Verschärfung der Anforderungen an die Energieeffizienz in 2009 und weiter ab 2012. Es wurden Bauträger und Komplett‐/Schlüsselfertig‐Hausanbieter von Ein‐ und Zweifamilienhäusern zu Workshops eingeladen, mit dem Ziel, ein hochwertiges, zukunftsfähiges massives Hauskonzept zu entwickeln. Diese landesweit angebotenen Workshops wurden durch ein Expertenteam aus den Bereichen Bauphysik, Anlagentechnik, Baubiologie, Mehrwertverkauf und Finanzierung begleitet und die Ergebnisse zu einem Kriterienkatalog für EnergieWertHäuser zusammengefasst.Bei weiteren Workshops und Informationstreffen wurden neue Partner für das Konzept gewonnen und das Konzept ständig verbessert. Im folgenden Beitrag werden die besonderen Eigenschaften des EnergieWertHauses am realisierten Objekt eines Zweifamilienhauses erläutert.Rely on the future ‐ Project report of a new building two‐family house as an energy‐value‐house. In the Year 2007 Xella already started the energy‐value‐house‐initiative. The topical reason was the uprising discussion about climate protection and the announcement for further tightening of the energy efficiency requirements in 2009 and following from 2012. With the aim to develop a prime quality and sustainable solid housing concept, builders of family‐homes were invited to workshops. These workshops were offered nationwide and were accompanied by an expertise‐team from the fields of building physics, heating and ventilation engineering, building biology, value added sales and finance. The results of these workshops were summarised in a catalogue of criteria’s for energy‐value‐houses.In the following workshops and information meetings, new partners were attracted to join the concept and the concept was continuously improved. In the following paper the extraordinary qualities of an energy‐value‐house will be showed on a realized object of a two‐family‐house.
Segregation of the classical transmitters norepinephrine and acetylcholine and the neuropeptide Y in sympathetic neurons: Modulation by ciliary neurotrophic factor or prolonged growth in culture
Authors: Vega A. , Luther J.A. , Birren S.J. , Morales M.A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRecent evidence has demonstrated that cotransmission from mammalian neurons is not uniquely achieved by costorage and corelease of transmitters and cotransmitters from single varicosities, but also by the concurrent release of mediators segregated in separate synapses of individual neurons. An important question to be addressed is whether neurons show defined patterns of segregation or whether this is a plastic feature. We addressed this question by exploring the segregation pattern of the classical sympathetic transmitters norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh) and the cotransmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY) in sympathetic ganglionic neurons cocultured with cardiac myocytes. Using antibodies against NPY and the vesicular NE and ACh transporters VMAT2 and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), we investigated the effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or long (three weeks) culture periods on the segregation of VMAT2, VAChT, and NPY to separate varicosities. We found that although ganglionic neurons showed cell body coexpression of all the markers examined after three days, VMAT2 was segregated from VAChT in 43% of the VAChT‐positive varicosities. In contrast, VMAT2 was only segregated from NPY in 16.3% of the NPY‐positive varicosities. Cotransmitter segregation and VAChT expression was potentiated by both CNTF and longer times in culture. We also found two types of varicosities: one was smaller and located further from neuronal somata, and the other was larger, proximal to neuronal somata and had a higher level of segregation. These data demonstrate segregation of classical transmitters in sympathetic neurons and plasticity of neurotransmitter segregation. Finally, we discuss a possible functional correlate of segregation in sympathetic neurons. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 913–928, 2010
Zebrafish sp7:EGFP: A transgenic for studying otic vesicle formation, skeletogenesis, and bone regeneration
Authors: DeLaurier April , Eames B. Frank , Blanco‐Sánchez Bernardo , Peng Gang , He Xinjun , Swartz Mary E. , Ullmann Bonnie , Westerfield Monte , Kimmel Charles B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAdult transgenic zebrafish expressing eGFP under the control of the zinc finger transcription factor Sp7 gene, which is expressed in osteoblasts but not chondrocytes. In this line, eGFP expression recapitulates the endogenous gene pattern of expression in the otic placode, otic vesicle and developing skeletal structures. GFP‐positive cells are also observed in adult skeletal structures and in regenerating fins. This transgenic line will be a very useful tool for studying otic development and the development and regeneration of the skeleton. See the article by DeLaurier et al. in this issue.
A mouse tool for conditional mutagenesis in ovarian granulosa cells
Authors: Grabner Beatrice , Blaas Leander , Musteanu Monica , Hoffmann Thomas , Birbach Andreas , Eferl Robert , Casanova Emilio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHere we describe the generation of an inducible Cre transgenic line allowing conditional mutagenesis in ovarian granulosa cells. We have expressed the tamoxifen inducible CreERT2 fusion protein from a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) containing the regulatory elements of the hydroxysteroid (17‐beta) dehydrogenase 1 (Hsd17b1) gene. Hsd17b1‐iCreERT2 transgenic mice express the iCreERT2 fusion protein exclusively in ovarian granulosa cells. Recombination analysis at the genomic DNA level using mice with “floxed” Stat3 alleles showed no Cre activity in absence of tamoxifen whereas tamoxifen treatment induced Cre activity solely in the ovaries. Further characterization of Hsd17b1‐iCreERT2 mice using a Cre reporter line demonstrated that Cre‐mediated recombination was restricted to ovarian granulosa cells. Therefore, Hsd17b1‐iCreERT2 mice should be a useful tool to analyze the gene functions in ovarian granulosa cells. genesis 48:612–617, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tolerogenic plasmacytoid DC
Authors: Matta Benjamin M. , Castellaneta Antonino , Thomson Angus W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPlasmacytoid DC (pDC) are type‐I IFN‐producing cells known for their capacity to promote anti‐viral innate and adaptive immune responses. Despite their potent anti‐viral function, when compared with conventional DC, pDC exhibit poor immunostimulatory ability and their interaction with T cells often favors the generation of Treg. pDC are activated primarily in response to ssRNA and ssDNA through TLR7 and TLR9, respectively, but also through TLR‐independent mechanisms. Non‐lymphoid tissue pDC, such as those residing in the airways, gut, and liver, play a significant role in regulating mucosal immunity and are critical for the development of tolerance to inhaled or ingested antigens. Herein we discuss properties that define tolerogenic pDC and how their unique characteristics translate into an ability to regulate immunity and promote the development of tolerance. We cover the importance of pDC during intrathymic Treg development and the maintenance of peripheral tolerance, as well as their regulatory role in transplantation, autoimmunity, and cancer. We highlight recent findings regarding danger‐associated molecular pattern and PAMP signaling in the regulation of pDC function, and how the ability of pDC to promote tolerance translates into the potential clinical applications of these cells as therapeutic targets to regulate immune reactivity.
Two Cobalt Compounds Based on Azide/Methoxy and Isonicotinate N‐Oxide Ligands Exhibiting Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Interactions
Authors: Liu Fu‐Chen , Xue Min , Wang Hai‐Chao , Ou‐Yang Jie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwo new CoII complexes, [Co(OCH3)L] (1) and [Co3(N3)4(OCH3)2L2] (2) (L = isonicotinate N‐oxide), were synthesized by solvothermal reaction and magnetically characterized. The cobalt ions in 1 and 2 all exhibit distorted octahedral coordination geometry. In 1, there is a μ11‐methoxy/syn,syn‐carboxylate mixed coordinated cobalt chain with mixed coordination, and a 3D structure is formed by the chains linked through the L ligands. In 2, the alternating CoII chains that are formed by linking the double end‐on azide‐bridged trimers are connected by the L ligands to form a 2D layer. Magnetic studies revealed that ferromagnetic coupling exists between the CoII ions in 1, and 1 undergoes a ferromagnetic transition at 2.5 K, whereas alternating ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions exist in the chain of 2.
Functionalization of Dinitrogen Using a Historically Significant Ru Complex: A New Life for an Old Complex
Authors: Baskaran Sambath , Sivasankar Chinnappan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDFT calculations reveal that molecular dinitrogen in the first reported dinitrogen complex, a historically significant complex [Ru(NH3)5N2]2+, can be functionalized to hydrazine and ammonia using suitable electron and proton sources in water. Thermodynamic barriers have been calculated for every electron transfer and protonation reaction in the Chatt and Schrock catalytic cycle. Although we adopt the Chatt and Schrock catalytic cycle for the functionalization of dinitrogen in [Ru(NH3)5N2]2+, we propose that reduction is the first step contrary to that previously reported. Different electron and proton sources have been probed, however, a copper and lutidinium combination shows a lower thermodynamic barrier than other combinations that are considered here. The thermodynamic barriers calculated also revealed that hydrazine formation is more favorable than ammonia formation.
Classes of Nanomagnets Created from Alkanethiol‐Coated Pt or Pd Nanoparticles and Their Alloys with Co
Authors: Miyazaki Akira , Ito Yoshikazu , Enoki Toshiaki 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAlkanethiol‐coated metal nanoparticles are fascinating materials for designing unconventional electronic and magnetic functions. Novel classes of magnetic nanosystems can be created using Pd and Pt nanoparticles and their alloys with a 3d transition metal using quantum size, interface and exchange enhancement effects. The charge transfer at the metal–organic interface and the quantum size effect render Pt and Pd nanoparticles magnetic with localised moments. The substitution of capping molecules with a TTF derivative having a long alkanethiol substituent decreases the totalspin concentration due to partial oxidation of the TTF units. Pd nanoparticles containing Co atoms as magnetic centres have significantly enhanced magnetic moments because of the exchange enhancement. Interestingly, in Pd nanoparticles of 2 nm in diameter containing only one Co atom per particle, the Co atom magnetises all of the Pd atoms in the particle. Therefore, the nanoparticles behave as a single nanoparticle magnet that shows blocking behaviour.