bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reasons for encounters, diagnoses, and admission rate among emergency referrals at an urban primary care clinic in Japan: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Satoi Yoshinao , Matsushima Masato , Iwata Hiroyoshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundComprehensive understanding of emergency referrals (EmR), encompassing reasons for encounters (RFEs) and diagnoses, is crucial for primary care physicians (PCPs). Comparing EmR rates and subsequent admission rates can potentially enhance the quality of primary care for EmR practice. However, no study has evaluated RFEs among patients with EmRs. This study aimed to identify RFE/diagnosis in relation to subsequent admission among patients receiving EmR.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study at an urban family physician teaching clinic in Kawasaki City, Japan. Our cohort recruited consecutive EmR episodes with their medical records and admissions confirmed through response letters from receiving hospitals. Using the 2nd edition of the International Classification of Primary Care, we explored the frequency of RFEs and diagnoses, calculating EmR rates and admission rates as primary outcomes. Bivariate analyses were employed to compare admission and non‐admission cases.ResultsThe present study encompassed 162 EmR episodes out of 47,901 visits, yielding an EmR rate of 3.38/1000 visits. Among 153 completely followed episodes, 99 patients were emergently admitted, resulting in a 64.7% admission rate. The admission group exhibited significantly higher age and a greater prevalence of dementia. Descriptive analysis revealed fever and pneumonia as the most frequent RFE and diagnosis, respectively, with significant differences between admission and non‐admission groups.ConclusionsThe present study reports EmR and admission rates following EmR, highlighting differences in patient characteristics, RFEs, and diagnoses. The findings offer insights to enhance PCPs' EmR practices and serve as a benchmark for the scope of EmR practice.
The onset of Pliocene–Early Pleistocene fluvial aggradation in the Southeastern Alpine Foreland (Velenje Basin, Slovenia) and its paleoenvironmental implications
Authors: Mencin Gale Eva , Rupnik Petra Jamšek , Akçar Naki , Christl Marcus , Vockenhuber Christof , Anselmetti Flavio S. , Šmuc Andrej 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, we focused on the Pliocene–Early Pleistocene fluvial terraces in the Velenje Basin and reconstructed the morphostratigraphy, sedimentary depositional environment, provenance and age of the gravel deposits using geomorphological, sedimentological, petrographic and chronological analyses. Geomorphological mapping revealed the presence of two main river‐terrace groups. The terraces in the older terrace group are severely degraded and preserved only as remnants capping high ground, while in contrast the younger group is better preserved. Detailed lithofacies analyses of four selected stratigraphic sections of the older terrace group show that the gravel was deposited in a meandering and wandering environment. The gravel consists of metamorphic, igneous, volcaniclastic, clastic and carbonate lithologies derived from the north, east and west from the Paka River catchments. To determine the timing of deposition, we performed isochron‐burial dating using cosmogenic 26Al and 10Be. Our new age constraints date the deposition of the older terrace group to 2.7 ± 0.3 Ma. Establishing the aggradation and incision model of the Velenje Basin documents pronounced regional tectonic uplift during the Pliocene–Early Pleistocene, which led to incision and the subsequent formation of a terrace staircase.
Study on Oil–Water Separation Performance of PDA/ODA Composite–Modified Sponge
Authors: Chen Jianfeng , Hu Yuanjing , Zhang Zhiying , Li Xiaobing , Yu Xiong , Wu Zhenping , Chen Zewen 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe study involved the modification of a melamine sponge (SP) through the introduction of polydopamine (PDA) and octadecylamine (ODA), resulting in the creation of three distinct sponge types: PDA/ODA@SP, PDA@SP and ODA@SP. The successful modification of PDA and ODA onto the surface of the sponge was confirmed through the utilisation of scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Consequently, the resulting sponges exhibited a unique micro–nano composite structure. Wettability testing was conducted to assess the properties of the sponges, revealing that the PDA/ODA@SP sponge demonstrated hydrophobic superlipophilic characteristics. Moreover, a series of 10 repeated oil–water separation experiments indicated that the PDA/ODA@SP sponge achieved an impressive separation efficiency of up to 97%, demonstrating its exceptional oil–water separation capabilities and reusability. Additionally, investigations utilising soybean oil and engine oil demonstrated the composite sponge's superior absorption capabilities for fatty acids and hydrocarbons.
Parkinson's Disease Associated with G2019S LRRK2 Mutations without Lewy Body Pathology
Authors: Jackson Lauren M. , Woodruff Bryan K. , Tremblay Cecilia , Shill Holly A. , Beach Thomas G. , Serrano Geidy E. , Adler Charles H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe G2019S leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene mutation is an important and commonly found genetic determinant of Parkinson's disease (PD). The neuropathological findings associated with this mutation have thus far been varied but are most often associated with Lewy body (LB) pathology.ObjectiveDescribe a case of clinical Parkinson's disease with levodopa responsiveness found to have LRRK2 mutations and the absence of Lewy bodies.MethodWe present an 89‐year‐old man with a 10‐year history of slowly progressive parkinsonism suspected to be secondary to Parkinson's disease.ResultsNeuropathological evaluation revealed nigral degeneration without Lewy bodies or Lewy neurites, but there were frequent tau‐immunopositive neurites and astrocytes in the putamen and substantia nigra, neocortical glial tau positive astrocytes associated with aging‐related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), as well as neurofibrillary tangles, beta amyloid plaques, and amyloid angiopathy typical of advanced Alzheimer's disease. G2019S LRRK2 homozygous mutations were found.ConclusionThis case illustrates that levodopa‐responsive clinical PD caused by G2019S LRRK2 mutations can occur without Lewy bodies.
PINOID‐centered genetic interactions mediate auxin action in cotyledon formation
Authors: Zeng Wei , Wang Xiutao , Li Mengyuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAuxin plays a key role in plant growth and development through auxin local synthesis, polar transport, and auxin signaling. Many previous reports on Arabidopsis have found that various types of auxin‐related genes are involved in the development of the cotyledon, including the number, symmetry, and morphology of the cotyledon. However, the molecular mechanism by which auxin is involved in cotyledon formation remains to be elucidated. PID, which encodes a serine/threonine kinase localized to the plasma membrane, has been found to phosphorylate the PIN1 protein and regulate its polar distribution in the cell. The loss of function of pid resulted in an abnormal number of cotyledons and defects in inflorescence. It was interesting that the pid mutant interacted synergistically with various types of mutant to generate the severe developmental defect without cotyledon. PID and these genes were indicated to be strongly correlated with cotyledon formation. In this review, PID‐centered genetic interactions, related gene functions, and corresponding possible pathways are discussed, providing a perspective that PID and its co‐regulators control cotyledon formation through multiple pathways.
Project ChemicalBlooms: Collaborating with citizen scientists to survey the chemical diversity and phylogenetic distribution of plant epicuticular wax blooms
Authors: Nguyen Le Thanh Dien , Groth Nicole , Mondloch Kylie , Cahoon Edgar B. , Jones Keith , Busta Lucas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlants use chemistry to overcome diverse challenges. A particularly striking chemical trait that some plants possess is the ability to synthesize massive amounts of epicuticular wax that accumulates on the plant's surfaces as a white coating visible to the naked eye. The ability to synthesize basic wax molecules appears to be shared among virtually all land plants, and our knowledge of ubiquitous wax compound synthesis is reasonably advanced. However, the ability to synthesize thick layers of visible epicuticular crystals (“wax blooms”) is restricted to specific lineages, and our knowledge of how wax blooms differ from ubiquitous wax layers is less developed. Here, we recruited the help of citizen scientists and middle school students to survey the wax bloom chemistry of 78 species spanning dicot, monocot, and gymnosperm lineages. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, we found that the major wax classes reported from bulk wax mixtures can be present in wax bloom crystals, with fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and alkanes being present in many species' bloom crystals. In contrast, other compounds including aldehydes, ketones, secondary alcohols, and triterpenoids were present in only a few species' wax bloom crystals. By mapping the 78 wax bloom chemical profiles onto a phylogeny and using phylogenetic comparative analyses, we found that secondary alcohol and triterpenoid‐rich wax blooms were present in lineage‐specific patterns that would not be expected to arise by chance. That finding is consistent with reports that secondary alcohol biosynthesis enzymes are found only in certain lineages but was a surprise for triterpenoids, which are intracellular components in virtually all plant lineages. Thus, our data suggest that a lineage‐specific mechanism other than biosynthesis exists that enables select species to generate triterpenoid‐rich surface wax crystals. Overall, our study outlines a general mode in which research scientists can collaborate with citizen scientists as well as middle and high school classrooms not only to enhance data collection and generate testable hypotheses but also to directly involve classrooms in the scientific process and inspire future STEM workers.
Assessment of short‐range forecast error atmosphere–ocean cross‐correlations from the Met Office coupled numerical weather prediction system
Authors: Wright Azin , Lawless Amos S. , Nichols Nancy K. , Lea Daniel J. , Martin Matthew J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOperational data assimilation systems for coupled atmosphere–ocean prediction are usually “weakly coupled”, in which there is no explicit interaction between the atmosphere and ocean within the data assimilation step. Explicitly allowing for cross‐correlations between the ocean and the atmosphere may have potential benefits in improving the consistency of atmosphere and ocean analyses, as well as allowing a better use of observations at the interface. To understand whether such correlations are significant on the time‐scales of numerical weather prediction, we investigate the atmosphere–ocean cross‐correlations of short‐term forecast errors from the Met Office coupled prediction system, considering their temporal and spatial variability. We find that significant correlations exist between atmosphere and ocean forecast errors on these time‐scales, and that these vary diurnally, from day to day, spatially and synoptically. For correlations between errors in the atmospheric wind and ocean temperature, positive correlations in the North Atlantic region are found to be synoptically dependent, with correlation structures extending into the ocean throughout the deep mixed layer, beyond a depth of 100 m. In contrast, negative correlations over the Indian Ocean are very shallow and are associated with the diurnal cycle of solar radiation. The significance and variability of cross‐correlations indicates that there should be a benefit from including them in data assimilation systems, but it will be important to allow for some flow‐dependence in the correlations. Furthermore, the differing vertical extents of the cross‐correlations in different regions implies the need for situation‐dependent localisation of ensemble correlations when including them in coupled data assimilation systems.
Probabilistic LCF life prediction framework for turbine discs considering random load history
Authors: Bai Song , Zeng Ying , Huang Tudi , Li Yan‐Feng , Huang Hong‐Zhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe load history exerts a considerable impact on the low cycle fatigue (LCF) life of turbine discs. Thus, oversimplifying the load history leads to substantial errors in fatigue life prediction. This study introduces a probabilistic fatigue life prediction method for turbine discs, accounting for the randomness inherent in LCF load history. The method involves quantifying the randomness of load history through numerical simulation and employing a surrogate model enhanced with learning functions to balance computational efficiency and accuracy. The probabilistic LCF life prediction of full‐scale turbine disc was conducted, demonstrating that the fatigue life scatter predicted by the proposed method more closely aligns with experimental data compared to the original approach. By refining the numerical simulation process, the proposed method better accounts for uncertainties in load history while maintaining computational efficiency, offering significant insights for the fatigue reliability design of turbine discs.
Robust retrieval of forest canopy structural attributes using multi‐platform airborne LiDAR
Authors: Zhang Beibei , Fischer Fabian J. , Prober Suzanne M. , Yeoh Paul B. , Gosper Carl R. , Zdunic Katherine , Jucker Tommaso 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLiDAR data acquired from airplanes and helicopters – known as airborne laser scanning (ALS) – are widely regarded as the gold standard for characterizing the 3D structure of forests at scale. But in the last decade, advances in unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies have led to a rapid rise in the use of UAV laser scanning (ULS) for mapping forest structure. As both ALS and ULS data become increasingly available, they are being used to derive an ever‐growing number of metrics designed to measure different facets of canopy structure. However, which metrics can be robustly retrieved from both ALS and ULS platforms remains unclear. To address this question, we acquired coincident, high‐density ALS and ULS scans covering 115 plots (4‐ha in size) in an open‐canopy temperate ecosystem in Western Australia. Using this unique dataset, we quantified 32 canopy structural metrics related to canopy height, openness and heterogeneity, including metrics calculated directly from the point clouds and ones measured from derived canopy height models (CHM). Overall, we found that ALS and ULS‐derived metrics were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.90). However, this high degree of correlation masked considerable systematic differences between platforms. Specifically, point cloud metrics were less strongly (r2 = 0.87) correlated and had higher bias (10.7%) compared to CHM‐derived ones (r2 = 0.98; bias = 2.5%). Similarly, metrics of canopy openness and heterogeneity were less strongly correlated (r2 = 0.84 and 0.87) and exhibited greater bias (14.4 and 7.9%) than ones relating to canopy height (r2 = 0.96; bias = 3.8%). Our results indicate that only a small subset of the 32 metrics we tested were directly comparable between ALS and ULS platforms. Consequently, future efforts to combine laser scanning data across platforms and instruments should think carefully about which metrics are most appropriate, especially when working with point cloud data.
Selectfluor‐Mediated N‐Methylation, N‐Methylenesulfonylmethylation and Methylenethiomethylation of Isatins in Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Choudhari Dnyaneshwar J. , Babu Nanubolu Jagadeesh , Rode Haridas B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDimethyl sulfoxide as a reagent and solvent in Selectfluor mediated transformations of isatin is reported. The transformations includeN‐methylation andN‐methylenesulfonylmethylation of isatin at 100 °C whereasN‐methylenethiomethylation was observed at 140 °C in addition toN‐methylation andN‐methylenesulfonylmethylation of isatins. Electron withdrawing and releasing substituents on isatin were tolerated. Interestingly, dual (N‐ andC−)methylenethiomethylation was observed in case of 7‐Bromo‐ and 7‐Iodo isatins at 140 °C. This protocol efficiently afforded various isatin analogs using DMSO/Selectfluor system.
The computational molecular technology for complex reaction systems: The Red Moon approach
Authors: Nagaoka Masataka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor dealing with complex reaction (CR) systems that show typical chemical phenomena in molecular aggregation states, the Red Moon (RM) approach is introduced based on a new efficient and systematic RM methodology. First, the theoretical background with my motivation to develop the RM approach is presented from the recent necessity to perform ‘atomistic’ molecular simulation of large‐scale and long‐term phenomena of (i) complex chemical reactions, (ii) stereospecificity, and (iii) aggregation structures. The RM methodology uses both the molecular dynamics (MD) method for molecular motions (translation, rotation, and vibration of molecules) that frequently occur on a short‐time scale and the Monte Carlo (MC) method for rare events such as chemical reactions that hardly do on that time scale. Then, under the transition rate using both the potential energy difference before and after a rare event trial and its chemical kinetic probability, it is tested and judged by the MC method whether the trial is possible (Metropolis method). Next, typical applications of the RM approach are reviewed in two main research fields, (i) polymerization and (ii) storage battery (rechargeable battery or secondary cell), with various examples of our successful studies. Finally, we conclude that the RM approach using the RM methodology should become an efficient new‐generation approach as one promising computational molecular strategy (CMT). We believe it will play an essential role in surveying, at the multilevel resolution, various specificities of CR systems in molecular aggregation states.This article is categorized under:
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo Methods
The Secularism Paradox of Interreligious Relations and International Relations
Authors: Khan Adil Hussain 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter attempts to address the role of secularism in the rise of the modern nation-state. It challenges the claim that secularism’s so-called separation of religion and politics remains well suited to address conflict resolution in a postcolonial world of multicultural nation-states. This draws attention to a paradox of secularism, which shows how false assumptions grounded in post-Reformation Europe preserve a power dynamic between Christians and non-Christians through liberalism and its underlying Enlightenment ideologies. This understanding of liberalism shapes how we frame contemporary dissent and whether we legitimize peacebuilding and conflict resolution through the religious sphere of interreligious relations or the political sphere of international relations, as strategies that emerged from secularism for managing difference and diversity. This chapter will problematize the discourse on the secular in terms of its contested boundaries between religion and politics and show how their presumed separation in secularism is used to authorize liberalism by reproducing it. The implications of this on how dissent is managed, both in interreligious relations and in international relations, provides a basis for disputing what we consider secular and for questioning the epistemology of how we determine it.
Love Your Enemy: Theology, Identity and Antagonism
Authors: Rose Marika 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the beginning, God created the world. According to classical Christian theology, God did not need to create the world. God was not bored or lonely; God did not have anything to learn, or any undeveloped capacities that could take shape along with God’s formation of the earth. God did not need anything that God did not already possess within Godself. God was not changed by the act of creation, was not diminished, nor enhanced, nor otherwise altered. The answer that Christians have traditionally given to the question, ‘why did God create the world?’ is essentially, because God chose to do so—which is to say, for no reason at all. God created not by necessity but out of freedom, a freedom that would have been no less real had God chosen not to create.
Dealing with Conflict and Dissent in the Roman Catholic Church. An Inventory from the Perspective of Canon Law
Authors: Anuth Bernhard Sven 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Roman Catholic Church is a highly organized legal community of faith. It has differentiated legal rules and procedures on how to deal with conflicts and dissent within the communion, and it also uses legal means to try to prevent deviations that endanger the community and the faith. These canonical regulations convey the self-understanding of the Catholic Church and therefore the theology of the legislator, especially its ecclesiology. The article examines at first the specific provisions of canon law which seek to avoid conflict and/or dissent as much as possible and then deals with different constellations and types of conflicts, along with the corresponding canonical procedures, whereby a distinction has to be made between conflicts that individual faithfuls have amongst each other, as well as conflicts between Catholics and institutions under church sponsorship, and those between Catholics and the church hierarchy. As a result, this chapter shows that the Roman Catholic Church offers only an extremely small space for conflict and dissent: Even disputes between the faithful are to be avoided as much as possible or are to be settled quickly, in a peaceful manner. Disobedience to church authority is punishable if necessary, and Catholics can never legally deviate from binding doctrinal guidelines. Since Pope Francis wants to give a more practical importance to penal law through its current revision, doctrinal dissent could also soon be punished more consistently than has been the case so far.
Dissent as Deviance: Sociological Observations on Structural Conflicts in Church
Authors: Hahn Judith 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOver the past century, dissent has become increasingly apparent with regard to many institutional norms of the Roman Catholic Church, including the doctrinal, moral, and legal norms that determine behavioral expectations within the church as an institution. In the legal field, dissent often manifests as deviance, behavior which opposes or undermines the ecclesiastical norms. In my contribution, I explore dissent as deviance with regard to the current social structure of the church in the light of sociological considerations on anomie. To do this, I have divided my study into three steps. First, I refer briefly to the recent symptoms in church which reveal the deterioration of institutional norms. Second, I endeavour to identify the structural reasons that might be responsible for causing this effect by studying sociological findings on deviance and anomie, foremost among them Robert Merton’s strain theory. Third, I apply these considerations to recent phenomena in church to gain a better understanding of why the current social structure of the church is inducing certain groups to turn to deviant behavior. I conclude by linking these sociological observations with theological thought to show how a theory of non-reception might help the church to learn from deviance and improve its structure.