bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water sorption and physicomechanical properties of corn starch‐based films
Authors: Kuorwel Kuorwel K. , Cran Marlene J. , Sonneveld Kees , Miltz Joseph , Bigger Stephen W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe mechanical performance of thermoplastic starch (TPS) films and films made of TPS blended with an aliphatic polyester (APTPS) was investigated after exposure to water mixtures of various compositions and different levels of relative humidity (RH). Conditioning of TPS films at various RH levels resulted in a noticeable absorption of moisture, particularly at high RH levels, and their mechanical properties decreased significantly. High magnification imaging of the films revealed the presence of significant microcracking on the surface of the TPS films which could potentially result in the increased water absorption and consequent reduction in mechanical integrity. The APTPS film was free of any visible microscopic defects and was also less susceptible to water ingress. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013
Alteration in Metastasis Potential and Gene Expression in Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines by ITGB8 Silencing
Authors: Xu Zhaoguo , Wu Rong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world and metastasis is an essential aspect of lung cancer progression. ITGB8 has been implicated in metastasis of human tumors. However, the molecular mechanism by which ITGB8 is involved in tumor metastasis is still unclear. In this study, we compared the gene expression profiles of human lung cancer cell lines A549 and PC9 by ITGB8 gene silencing with that of parent cells and negative control cells to comprehensively investigate ITGB8‐mediated changes with respect to the metastatic potential and gene expression of human lung cancer cell lines. Our results showed that ITGB8 silencing cells exhibited significant cell cycle arrest and less adhesion and invasion abilities. We confirmed by Western blot, ELISA, and real‐time PCR that the expression of metastasis‐related genes CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 were significantly decreased while that of E‐Cadherin and cystatin B were dramatically increased in A549‐ and PC9‐ITGB8 silencing cells. Furthermore, silencing of ITGB8 caused Snail and NF‐κB transcriptional activation, and MEK and Akt phosphorylation level changes in lung cancer cell lines. Our results indicated that ITGB8 may play an important role in metastasis of human lung cancer cells. The ITGB8 silencing may change the lung cancer cells to a less invasive phenotype through alteration in the expression of metastasis‐related genes. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diastereoselective Total Synthesis of (±)‐Schindilactone A, Part 1: Construction of the ABC and FGH Ring Systems and Initial Attempts to Construct the CDEF Ring System
Authors: Sun Tian‐Wen , Ren Wei‐Wu , Xiao Qing , Tang Ye‐Feng , Zhang Yan‐Dong , Li Yong , Meng Fan‐Ke , Liu Yi‐Fan , Zhao Ming‐Zhe , Xu Ling‐Min , Chen Jia‐Hua , Yang Zhen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFirst‐generation synthetic strategies for the diastereoselective total synthesis of schindilactone A (1) are presented and methods for the synthesis of the ABC, FGH, and CDEF moieties are explored. We have established a method for the synthesis of the ABC moiety, which included both a Diels–Alder reaction and a ring‐closing metathesis as the key steps. We have also developed a method for the synthesis of the FGH moiety, which involved the use of a Pauson–Khand reaction and a carbonylative annulation reaction as the key steps. Furthermore, we have achieved the construction of the central 7–8 bicyclic ring system by using a [3,3]‐rearrangement as the key step. However, unfortunately, when this rearrangement reaction was applied to the construction of the more advanced CDEF moiety, the anticipated annulation reaction did not occur and the development of an alternative synthetic strategy would be required for the construction of this central core.
Social Capital and Community Group Participation: Examining ‘Bridging’ and ‘Bonding’ in the Context of a Healthy Living Centre in the UK
Authors: Kirkby‐Geddes Emma , King Nigel , Bravington Alison 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTSocial capital has been widely advocated as a way of understanding and building community participation in the interest of health improvement. However, the concept as proposed by Putnam, has been criticised for presenting an overly romanticised account of complex community relations. This paper presents analysis from a qualitative evaluation of a Healthy Living Centre (HLC) in the North of England, to examine the utility of the concept of social capital in this context. We found the concepts of ‘bridging’ and ‘bonding’ social capital were useful – though not without limitations – in helping to make sense of the complexities and contradictions in participants’ experiences of community group participation. 'Bridging' helped provide an understanding of how the decline in shared social spaces such as local shops impacts on social relationships. 'Bonding' highlighted how community group membership can have positive and negative implications for individuals and the wider community. It was found that skilled group leadership was key to strengthening bridging capital. Politically, in the UK, community participation is seen as having an essential role in social change, for example, its centrality to the coalition government's idea of the ‘Big Society’. A micro‐examination of this HLC using the lens of social capital provides a valuable critical insight into community participation. It shows that this kind of initiative can be successful in building social capital, given conditions such as an appropriate setting and effective leadership. However, they cannot substitute for other kinds of investment in the physical infrastructure of a community. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dimensioning Multipartition Dividing Wall Columns
Authors: Olujić Ž. , Dejanović I. , Kaibel B. , Jansen H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPerformance simulation of multiproduct dividing wall columns (DWCs) and related optimization considerations provide information on the energy‐saving potential of various heat coupling arrangements. The control of multiproduct configurations also gains increasing attention. Information on physical implementation, i.e., the know‐how required to design in a cost‐effective way a DWC incorporating two or more partition walls arranged in parallel and in series, is still missing. Complex DWC sizing is explored that needs to be carried out with utmost care because pressure drop equalization is the key to ensuring the required vapor splits among parallel sections. The adopted methodology as well as related design challenges and peculiarities are illustrated by considering three feasible alternatives for a packed four‐product DWC.
Theoretical Investigation of the Mechanism of Primary Amines Reacting with Hexamolybdate: An Insight into the Organoimido Functionalization and Related Reactions of Polyoxometalates
Authors: Lv Chunlin , Hu Junjie , Zhou Hong , Li Zhe , Khan Rao Naumaan Nasim , Wei Yongge 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe functionalization of polyoxometalates (POMs), especially with an amino group to yield organonitrogenous derivatives of POMs, is an efficient approach to the enrichment of their structures and the diversification of their properties for various applications. The mechanism for the formation of organonitrogenous‐derivatized hexamolybdates was explored by investigating the monofunctionalization of the [Mo6O19]2− ion with methylamine using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The calculations show that the direct imidoylization of hexamolybdate with methylamine is both kinetically and thermodynamically unfavorable. However, this imidoylization was found to take place readily in the presence of dimethylcarbodiimide (DMC), for which the free‐energy barrier was calculated to be +32.5 kcal mol−1 in acetonitrile. Moreover, various factors controlling the efficiency of the imidoylization were examined. The calculations show that [W5MoO19]2− has a relatively lower reactivity than [Mo6O19]2−, and that the imidoylization of [W6O19]2− is an unfavorable process. With respect to the effect of carbodiimides, it is found that the catalytic activity is directly proportional to the electron‐withdrawing effects of the substituents. As to the reactivity of RNH2, the computation results indicate that the free‐energy barriers of the substitution reactions are linearly correlated with the basicity constants (pKb) of the amino groups. It is noteworthy that the introduction of the proton dramatically decreases the free‐energy barrier of the imidoylization of [Mo6O19]2− catalyzed by DMC to 24.3 kcal mol−1 in acetonitrile.
Study of Nanocrystalline BiMnO3‐‐PbTiO3: Synthesis, Structural Elucidation, and Magnetic Characterization of the Whole Solid Solution
Authors: Hungría Teresa , Correas Covadonga , Houdellier Florent , Peña Octavio , Vila Eladio , Castro Alicia 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn the last ten years, the study and the search for new multiferroic materials have been a major challenge due to their potential applications in electronic technology. In this way, bismuth‐containing perovskites (BiMO3), and particularly those in which the metal M position is occupied by a magnetically active cation, have been extensively investigated as possible multiferroic materials. From the point of view of synthesis, only a few of the possible bismuth‐containing perovskites can be prepared by conventional methods but at high pressures. Herein, the preparation of one of these potential multiferroic systems, the solid solution xBiMnO3‐(1−x)PbTiO3 by mechanosynthesis is reported. Note that this synthetic method allows the oxides with high x values, and more particularly the BiMnO3 phase, to be obtained as nanocrystalline phases, in a single step and at room temperature without the application of external pressure. These results confirm that, in the case of Bi perovskites, mechanosynthesis is a good alternative to high‐pressure synthesis. These materials have been studied from the point of view of their structural characteristics by precession electron diffraction and magnetic property measurements.
Formation of Quaternary Stereogenic Centers by NHC–Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition Reactions with Grignard Reagents on Polyconjugated Cyclic Enones
Authors: Tissot Matthieu , Poggiali Daniele , Hénon Hélène , Müller Daniel , Guénée Laure , Mauduit Marc , Alexakis Alexandre 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed conjugate addition of various Grignard reagents to polyconjugated enones (dienone and enynone derivatives) is reported. The catalyst system, composed of copper triflate and an NHC ligand, led to the unusual selective formation of the 1,4‐addition products. This reaction allows for the creation of all‐carbon chiral quaternary centers with enantiomeric excesses up to 99 %. The remaining unsaturation on the 1,4 adducts give access to valuable synthetic transformations.
Removing Ruthenium Residues from Olefin Metathesis Reaction Products
Authors: Vougioukalakis Georgios C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOlefin metathesis has revolutionized the way chemists design and synthesize molecules, mostly due to the development of well‐defined ruthenium catalysts with high oxygen‐, moisture‐, and functional‐group tolerance. However, the complete removal of residual ruthenium after the end of a metathesis reaction often imposes significant challenges. This Minireview summarizes the strategies for the sequestration of ruthenium impurities from olefin metathesis post‐reaction mixtures, thus comprising a practical guide for synthetic chemists employing ruthenium‐catalyzed metathesis reactions in the synthesis of organic or polymeric materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic SiS2: A New Perspective on the Walsh Rules.
Authors: Mueck Leonie Anna , Lattanzi Valerio , Thorwirth Sven , McCarthy Michael C. , Gauss Juergen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCyclic SiS2 is detected in the low‐current dc discharge products of a mixture of SiH4 and H2S by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of New Ternary Compounds Al2Ln11Ge8 (Ln: Y, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) and Thermal Properties of Al2Er11Ge8.
Authors: Zeng Lingmin , He Wei , Shen Wenjun , Lu Meiwen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by arc‐melting of the elements followed by annealing at 1273 K for 720 h and at 673 K for 48 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Eu3+‐Doped CdMoO4 Red Phosphor Synthesized Through an Aqueous Solution Route at Room Temperature.
Authors: Wang W. S. , Zhen L. , Xu C. Y. , Shao W. Z. , Chen Z. L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe title phosphor is synthesized by precipitation from aqueous solutions of CdCl2, Eu(NO3)3, Na2MoO4, and NaCl at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Strong Green and Red Up‐Conversion Emission in Ho3+, Yb3+ and Li+ Co‐ or Tri‐Doped SrAl2O4 Ceramics.
Authors: Tang Mianmian , Wang Xusheng , Peng Dengfeng , Wang Wei , Sun Haiqin , Yao Xi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHo3+/Yb3+ co‐doped and Ho3+/Yb3+/Li+ tri‐doped SrAl2O4 ceramics are prepared by solid state reaction of SrCO3, Al2O3, Ho2O3, Yb2O3, and Li2CO3 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Detrimental Cationic Doping of Titania in Photocatalysis: Why Chromium Cr3+‐Doping is a Catastrophe for Photocatalysis, Both under UV‐ and Visible Irradiations
Authors: Herrmann Jean‐Marie 
Published: July 2012

Abstractstudy of Cr‐doped TiO2 in five different test reactions under various conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Structural, Thermal Behavior and Vibrational Study of a New Mixed Cesium—Ammonium Tellurate.
Authors: Aribia Wafa Ben , Abdelmouleh Makki , Van der Lee Van der Lee , Kabadou Ahlem 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe new compound [Cs0.92(NH4)0.08] 2TeCl4Br2 is precipitated from a hot solution of TeO2, CsBr, and NH4Br in aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Uranium Materials under Extreme Conditions: UO2[B3Al4O11(OH)], a Complex 3D Aluminoborate.
Authors: Wu Shijun , Beermann Oliver , Wang Shuao , Holzheid Astrid , Depmeier Wulf , Malcherek Thomas , Modolo Giuseppe , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized from a mixture of H3BO3, Al2O3, and UO2(NO3)2·6H2O in a ratio of 3:2:1 (gold capsule, 650 °C, 200 MPa, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterizations of Ti Substituted Mn‐Ferrites.
Authors: Mostafa Nasser Y. , Hessien M. M. , Shaltout Abdallah A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMn1‐2xTixFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 39 to 59 nm are hydrothermally synthesized from mixtures of FeCl3, MnCl2, TiO2, NaOH, and H2O (autoclave, 180 °C, 20 h) and characterized by XRD, TEM, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Catalytic Reactions Using Distinct Transition‐Metal Catalysts: Ruthenium‐ and Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Propargylic Alkylation.
Authors: Ikeda Masahiro , Miyake Yoshihiro , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA Ru—Cu co‐catalyzed reaction of β‐ketoesters with propargylic alcohols is described, which provides the products (III) in high yields and enantioselectivities (up to 93% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Additions Catalyzed by Functionalized Quaternary Alkylammonium Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Wang Ge , Sun Huichao , Cao Xiaohui , Li Yang , Chen Ligong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA series of chiral pyrrolidine‐type quaternary alkylammonium ionic liquids is prepared and shown to be efficient catalysts for the asymmetric addition of cyclohexanone to nitroolefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Chymopapain‐Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction.
Authors: He Yan‐Hong , Li Hai‐Hong , Chen Yan‐Li , Xue Yang , Yuan Yi , Guan Zhi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFive‐, six‐, and seven‐membered cyclic ketones and acetone as aldol donors are accepted to react with aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Clay‐Supported Sn Catalysts and Application to Baeyer—Villiger Oxidation.
Authors: Hara Takayoshi , Hatakeyama Moriaki , Kim Arum , Ichikuni Nobuyuki , Shimazu Shogo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA novel clay‐intercalated tin catalyst, readily prepared by a cation exchange process from lithium taeniolite, shows extremely high performance in the Baeyer—Villiger oxidation of a variety of ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron—Iron Oxide Core—Shell Nanoparticles Are Active and Magnetically Recyclable Olefin and Alkyne Hydrogenation Catalysts in Protic and Aqueous Media.
Authors: Hudson Reuben , Riviere Antoine , Cirtiu Ciprian M. , Luska Kylie L. , Moores Audry 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe catalyst shows selectivity towards the less activated double bonds and tolerates the presence of air and water.
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Catalysis: Vinyl Sulfones Through Tandem Iron‐Catalyzed Allylic Sulfonation Amine‐Catalyzed Isomerization.
Authors: Jegelka Markus , Plietker Bernd 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVarious substituted secondary vinyl sulfones are synthesized with high (E)‐selectivity under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Conjugate Allylation of Electron‐Deficient Alkynes with Allylboronates under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Yamada Satoshi , Nishiyama Hisao 
Published: July 2012

AbstractConjugate allylation of a variety of electron‐deficient alkynes with allylboronate (II) proceeds smoothly in the presence of Cu(II) catalyst to afford 1,4‐dienes, e.g. (III) or (VIII), in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteroaryl Hydroxycarbonylation: An Efficient, Robust, Practically Scalable Approach Using Formyl Acetate as the CO Source.
Authors: Gadakh Amol V. , Chikanna Dinesh , Rindhe Sahebrao S. , Karale Bhausaheb K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAll products are purified by recrystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: ZSM‐5‐SO3H as a Novel, Efficient, and Reusable Catalyst for the Chemoselective Synthesis and Deprotection of 1,1‐Diacetates under Eco‐Friendly Conditions.
Authors: Massah Ahmad Reza , Kalbasi Roozbeh Javad , Shafiei Anahita 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe acylation of aliphatic (I) and aromatic aldehydes (IV) with acetic anhydride proceeds smoothly in the presence of the zeolite ZSM‐5‐supported sulfuric acid under solvent‐free, heterogeneous conditions at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Scalable Synthesis of Highly Reactive 1,3‐Diamino Dienes from Vinamidinium Salts and Their Use in Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Zhou Sida , Sanchez‐Larios Eduardo , Gravel Michel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA facile method allows the preparation of vinamidine salts like (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconium‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of α‐Olefins Mediated by R′CO2R′′ and ClnAlEt3‐n.
Authors: Khafizova Leila O. , Gubaidullin Rinat R. , Dzhemilev Usein M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe method provides aryl‐substituted alkoxycyclopropanes (III) and alkyl cyclopropanols (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of gem‐Difluoromethylenated Bicyclo[m.n.0]alkan‐1‐ols and Their Ring Expansion to gem‐Difluoromethylenated Macrocyclic Lactones.
Authors: Punirun Teerachai , Peewasan Krisana , Kuhakarn Chutima , Soorukram Darunee , Tuchinda Patoomratana , Reutrakul Vichai , Kongsaeree Palangpon , Prabpai Samran , Pohmakotr Manat 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFluoride‐catalyzed stereoselective nucleophilic addition of silane (II) to cyclic ketones gives cis‐isomers (IV) as the major products.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Alkynes with Alkenyl Halides.
Authors: Lin Yun‐Yung , Wang Yu‐Jen , Cheng Jun‐Hao , Lee Chin‐Fa 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe system CuI/Xantphos efficiently catalyzes the process to afford a broad spectrum of synthetically important enyne components.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth Triflate‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation of Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Li Zhiya , Plancq Baptiste , Ollevier Thierry 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAsymmetric allylation reaction of various aromatic aldehydes with allyltributylstannane is smoothly achieved using a chiral Bi(III)—ProPhenol complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Carbonyl Complex Containing Bis[2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether Enhancing Efficiency in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction.
Authors: Borah Malabika , Bhattacharyya Pradip K. , Das Pankaj 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe combination of a new iron carbonyl complex and PdCl2 catalyzes the cross‐coupling of various aryl bromides with arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutral Palladium(II) Complexes with P,N Schiff‐Base Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization and Application as Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Catalysts.
Authors: Mahamo Tebello , Mogorosi Mokgolela M. , Moss John R. , Mapolie Selwyn F. , Slootweg J. Chris , Lammertsma Koop , Smith Gregory S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPalladium(II) complexes with P,N‐bidentate Schiff base ligands are prepared and tested in Suzuki—Miyaura cross coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Three‐Step Synthesis of (Z)‐Trisubstituted Olefins from Arylalkynes and Their Cyclization into 4‐Aryl‐2H‐chromenes.
Authors: Rasolofonjatovo Evelia , Treguier Bret , Provot Olivier , Hamze Abdallah , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouad 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe one‐pot, three‐step synthesis of the (Z)‐trisubstituted olefins (IV) and (VII) involves alkyne hydration, in situ N‐tosylhydrazone formation, and Pd‐catalyzed coupling with an aryl halide.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of Multisubstituted Cyanocyclopropanes by the Intramolecular SN2 Alkylation and 1,3‐CC Insertion Reaction of Magnesium Carbenoids as the Key Reactions.
Authors: Saitoh Hideki , Watanabe Tatsuya , Kimura Tsutomu , Kato Yuichi , Satoh Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe reaction of the compound (Ia) with other electrophiles instead of compound (IX) such as ketones, aldehydes, ethyl chloroformate gives complex mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Addition of Thioacetic Acid to Nitroalkenes via N‐Sulfinyl Urea Catalysis.
Authors: Kimmel Kyle L. , Robak MaryAnn T. , Thomas Stephen , Lee Melissa , Ellman Jonathan A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe sulfinyl group in catalyst NSU is essential to attain high enantioselectivity in the thioacetic acid addition.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiodivergent Synthesis of Functionalized Indene Derivatives via Pt‐Catalyzed Rautenstrauch Reaction of Propargyl Carbonates.
Authors: Zhao Jinbo , Clark Daniel A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTreatment of propargyl carbonates of type (I) and (V) with PtCl4 allows an efficient access to 1,2‐substituted 1H‐indenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Heteroarylation of Tautomerizable Heterocycles into Unsymmetrical and Symmetrical and Biheterocycles via Pd/Cu‐Catalyzed Phosphonium Coupling.
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Vachhani Dipak , Van der Eycken Erik 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe preparation of the heterocyclic title systems is highly efficient following the conditions A) or B).
ChemInform Abstract: Tetramethylguanidinium Triflate: An Efficient Catalyst Solvent for the Convergent Synthesis of Fused Spiro[1,4‐dihydropyridine‐oxindole] Compounds.
Authors: Rad‐Moghadam Kurosh , Youseftabar‐Miri Leila 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe three‐component reaction between isatin derivatives (I) or (VII), indenedione (II), and naphthaleneamines (III) or (VIII) under catalysis of a Broensted acid—base ionic liquid affords the title compounds (IV) and (IX), resp., as sole products.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Heterodimerization of Ketenes.
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmad A. , Nalla Divya , Van Raaphorst Maxwell , Kerrigan Nessan J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe heterodimerization is based on the slow addition of a relatively reactive donor ketene, prepared in situ from an acyl chloride precursor, to a mixture of a relatively unreactive acceptor ketene, Huenig′s base and an alkaloid catalyst.