bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure–activity relationships of serotonin 5‐HT2A agonists
Authors: Nichols David E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractOf the 14 known types of serotonin receptors one of the most extensively studied is the 5‐HT2A (5‐hydroxytryptamine) receptor. In the brain, this receptor plays a key role in regulation of cortical function and cognition, appears to be the principal target for the hallucinogenic/psychedelic drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and also is a target for the newest atypical antipsychotic agents, which are antagonists or inverse agonists at this site. Among the structure–activity relationships that are known for this receptor type, there are three chemical classes of agonists: tryptamines, ergolines, and phenethylamines. Important structural features are identified for agonist activity and some of these agonists have features in common. In addition to effects at the receptor will be the focus, these drugs are also hallucinogenic (psychedelic) agents, and much of the SAR was developed on the basis of effects in humans, before modern pharmacological techniques were available. A certain amount of our knowledge therefore relies on those human studies. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:559–579. doi: 10.1002/wmts.42For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
A Pyrazole‐Expanded EDTA Ligand and its Pentanuclear Iron(III) Complex
Authors: Fischer Stefan , Demeshko Serhiy , Dechert Sebastian , Meyer Franc 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA new ligand H5L has been synthesized that is composed of a central pyrazole bridging unit with two iminodiacetate chelate arms, thus providing two potentially tetradentate {N2O2} binding pockets. Its pentanuclear ferric complex [L2Fe5(μ3‐O)2(μ‐OH)2(py)2(H2O)2]– (1) was obtained under aerobic conditions and characterized by X‐ray crystallography as well as Mößbauer spectroscopy. SQUID data suggest the presence of competing spin interactions and an S = 5/2ground state, which is discussed in the light of the structural features. The new ligand H5L appears to be suitable for producing a variety of new multinuclear oxo‐ and hydroxo‐bridged iron(III) aggregates and for stabilizing high‐valent diiron cores.
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in a Public Referral Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: Spectrum of Disease and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Wolf Lindsey L. , Ibrahim Rahim , Miao Changchun , Muyco Arturo , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Shores Carol 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundEsophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a valuable tool for diagnosing and treating upper gastrointestinal disease. Prioritizing the use of EGD in resource‐limited settings must be customized to local populations to maximize population benefit from the examination.MethodsCross‐sectional, retrospective review of EGD reports was conducted at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), Lilongwe, Malawi. Esophageal tumors were defined as obstructive or nonobstructive and esophageal varices were graded on a scale of I to IV. Descriptive statistics were calculated and logistic regression performed for each disease state compared with all other reports.ResultsA total of 1,034 cases were reviewed (56% male; mean age (standard deviation), 44 (17) years). The most common indications were dysphagia (37%), hematemesis (21%), and epigastric pain (16%). The most common diagnoses were normal (36%), esophageal cancer (27%), and esophageal varices (17%). Eighty‐six percent of esophageal tumors were obstructive and 45% of esophageal varices were grade III or IV. Normal examinations were more likely to be female, younger, and present with dyspepsia. Esophageal cancers were more likely to be male, older, present with dysphagia, and present from districts outside Lilongwe. Esophageal varices were more likely to present with hematemesis.ConclusionsEGD is a limited resource at KCH; patient selection should be guided by patient age and indication. The high burden of esophageal cancer and varices in Malawi suggests that therapeutic endoscopy would be beneficial.
Role of Caudate Lobectomy in Type IIIA and IIIB Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A 15‐year Experience in a Tertiary Institution
Authors: Kow Alfred Wei‐Chieh , Wook Choi Dong , Song Sun Choon , Kim Woo Seok , Kim Min Jung , Park Hyo Jun , Heo Jin Soek , Choi Seong Ho 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundConcomitant liver resection for type III hilar cholangiocarcinoma could improve the R0 resection rate and long‐term outcome. In the present study, we examine the specific role of caudate lobectomy in liver resection for type IIIA and IIIB hilar cholangiocarcinoma and the prognostic factors for survival in this group of patients.MethodsWe reviewed all patients with type IIIA and IIIB hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent liver resection in Samsung Medical Center from January 1995 to July 2010. Patients were divided into those with and without caudate lobectomy (CL). The log rank test and Cox regression analysis were employed to investigate for prognostic factors of survival.ResultsThere were 127 patients in this cohort, 57 without CL (44.9%) and 70 with CL (55.1%). The demographics and symptoms of presentation were comparable. The median preoperative bilirubin level was significantly higher in the group undergoing CL (p = 0.017). Patients with CL had a significantly better overall survival (OS) (CL: 64.0 months vs without CL: 34.6 months) (p = 0.010) and disease‐free survival (DFS) (CL: 40.5 months vs without CL: 27.0 months) (p = 0.031). Multivariate analysis showed that presence of symptoms (p = 0.025) and positive lymph node (LN) metastasis (p < 0.001) were negative prognostic factors for OS. Furthermore, multivariate analysis for DFS found that caudate lobectomy (p = 0.016) and positive LN metastasis (p = 0.001) were positive and negative prognostic factors, respectively.ConclusionsCaudate lobectomy contributed to improvement of DFS and OS in type III hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Other prognostic factors include positive LN metastasis and presence of symptoms.
Short Bowel Syndrome: A Practical Pathway Leading to Successful Enteral Autonomy
Authors: Ba’ath M. E. , Almond S. , King B. , Bianchi A. , Khalil B. A. , Morabito A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundShort bowel syndrome is a multisystemic disorder that results from the loss of a significant amount of small bowel. The goal of treatment in these patients is to achieve complete enteral autonomy while minimizing complications. Our unit has 30 years of experience in the management of short gut patients. During the past decade, our results have improved significantly, especially in children with severe short bowel syndrome. This brief communication looks at the algorithm presently used in our unit.MethodsIn this communication, the principles in management of short bowel syndrome in our unit are discussed. In addition, our algorithm is published for the first time. A brief summary of our results is provided.ResultsTwenty‐seven children were enrolled from 2000 to 2009. In this cohort, two patients died because of significant liver disease: one after having two liver and bowel transplants. Overall, survival stands at 92%. All had autologous gastrointestinal reconstruction, and 19 patients underwent bowel lengthening (longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring). The median residual length of bowel of this subgroup at first operation was 25 cm in those who had their gut measured. Two patients were lost to follow‐up. Two patients remain on supplemental total parenteral nutrition (TPN), with an overall 91% of surviving patients off TPN at a median of 6 months after reconstruction.ConclusionsWe believe this improvement is related to the development—over many years—of a structured pathway for managing these patients.
Predictors of the Development of Surgical Complications among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients
Authors: Anabtawi Iyad , Abdelrahman Fawzi , Alomari Ahamd , Ba’ba’ Murad , Al Masri Mahmoud 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to determine possible risk factors for the development of surgical complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). HSCT carries the possibility for the development of surgical morbidities and mortalities; certain populations of patients are at higher risk for developing complications. Defining those risk factors will help surgeons to anticipate and manage these complications.MethodsThe records of 165 patients at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) were reviewed from January 2007 to December 2008. Patients’ characteristics, including age, source and type of transplant, behavior of disease, total body irradiation (TBI), immunity status, and intensity of conditioning were studied.ResultsAccording to our data, abdominal complications were more common among patients who received TBI versus patients who did not, and in patients who received peripheral blood versus bone marrow and cord blood as the source of stem cells. Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) complications were found more in patients who underwent nonmyeloablation conditioning. Catheter‐related complications were found more significantly in immune‐compromised patients during the post‐engraftment period. We also found that ENT complications were more frequent in patients with cord blood as the source of stem cells, although the results are inconclusive due to the small sample size.ConclusionsPretransplantation factors can be used as predictors for the development of surgical complications in HSCT recipients. Abdominal complications were significantly more common in patients who received total body irradiation as part of their conditioning regimen and when the peripheral blood was a source for stem cell transplantation.
Hepatic S4a + S5 and bile duct resection for gallbladder carcinoma
Authors: Miyazaki Masaru , Shimizu Hiroaki , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Yoshidome Hiroyuki , Kato Atsushi , Yoshitomi Hideyuki , Furukawa Katsunori , Kimura Fumio 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn the surgical treatment of gallbladder cancer, segment 4a + 5 hepatic resection and bile duct resection is usually recommended for T2 and/or T3 gallbladder cancer involving hepatic parenchyma without hepatic biliary confluence. This procedure does not affect liver function excessively, provided there is correct identification of hepatic S4a and S5, the most important aspect of this procedure. In this paper, the technique of hepatic S4a + 5 and bile duct resection is described in detail. This surgical procedure could be a useful option for the surgical treatment of the hepatobiliary pancreatic malignancies. Surgeons should therefore master the surgical techniques for this procedure.
Non-photorealistic neural sketching
Authors: de Arruda Francisco de Assis Pereira Vasconce , de Queiroz José Eustáquio Rangel , Gomes Herman Martins 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We present and evaluate a neural network-based technique to automatically enable NPR renderings from digital face images, which resemble semi-detailed sketches. The technique has been experimentally evaluated and compared with traditional approaches to edge detection (Canny and Difference of Gaussians, or DoG) and with a more recent variant, specifically designed for stylization purposes (Flow Difference of Gaussians, or FDoG). An objective evaluation showed, after an ANOVA analysis and a Tukey t-test, that the proposed approach was equivalent to the FDoG technique and superior to the DoG. A subjective experiment involving the opinion of human observers proved to be complementary to the objective analysis.
Safe Injection Practices for Administration of Propofol
Authors: King Cecil A. , Ogg Mary 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSepsis and postoperative infection can occur as a result of unsafe practices in the administration of propofol and other injectable medications. Investigations of infection outbreaks have revealed the causes to be related to bacterial growth in or contamination of propofol and unsafe medication practices, including reuse of syringes on multiple patients, use of single‐use medication vials for multiple patients, and failure to practice aseptic technique and adhere to infection control practices. Surveys conducted by AORN and other researchers have provided additional information on perioperative practices related to injectable medications. In 2009, the US Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a group of clinicians to gain a better understanding of the issues related to infection outbreaks and injectable medications. The meeting participants proposed collecting data to persuade clinicians to adopt new practices, developing guiding principles for propofol use, and describing propofol‐specific, site‐specific, and practitioner‐specific injection techniques. AORN provides resources to help perioperative nurses reduce the incidence of postoperative infection related to medication administration.
Clinical Issues—March 2012
Authors: Denholm Bonnie 
Published: February 2012

This MonthUsing multidose vialsKey words: multidose vials, cross contamination, single‐dose vials, safe injection practices.Perioperative incremental local anesthetic injectionsKey words: multiple injections, safe injection practices, incremental doses, local anesthetics.Placing unsterile solutions on the sterile fieldKey words: safe medication practices, unsterile solutions, nonmedications, chemical solutions.Sterilizing or disinfecting ureteroscopes and colonoscopesKey words: flexible scopes, cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, colon reanastomosis, high‐level disinfection.
Implementing AORN Recommended Practices for Electrosurgery
Authors: Spruce Lisa , Braswell Melanie L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTechnology is constantly changing, and it is important for perioperative nurses to stay current on new products and technologies in the perioperative setting. AORN's “Recommended practices for electrosurgery” addresses safety standards that all perioperative personnel should follow to minimize risks to both patients and staff members during the use of electrosurgical devices. Recommendations include how to select electrosurgical units and accessories for purchase, how to minimize the potential for patient and staff member injuries, what precautions to take during minimally invasive surgery, and how to avoid surgical smoke hazards. The recommendations also address education/competency, documentation, policies and procedures, and quality assurance/performance improvement. Perioperative nurses should consider the use of checklists and safety posters to remind staff members of the dangers of electrosurgery and the steps to take to minimize the risks for injury.
Elliptic and hyperbolic interior solutions of piecewise-constant potential vorticity geophysical vortices
Authors: Viúdez Álvaro 
Published: February 2012

AbstractElliptic and hyperbolic geopotential solutions, for a homogeneous distribution of potential vorticity (PV), are obtained via PV inversion in geophysical vortices. The flow in the axisymmetrical three-dimensional vortices is steady and horizontal, where the centripetal acceleration plus the Coriolis acceleration equals the pressure anomaly gradient term (gradient wind or cyclo-geostrophic balance). It is found that the family of geopotential solutions in the vortex interior is completely parameterized by the PV density in the vortex and the squared aspect ratio between the horizontal and vertical semi-axes of the ellipsoidal or hyperbolic geopotential surfaces. Thus, the PV inversion task consists of obtaining, via solution of algebraic cubic equations, the absolute vertical vorticity and vertical stratification as a function of PV and aspect ratio. It is found that there is always a critical aspect ratio, which depends on PV, beyond which the PV inversion solutions are multi-valued. The complete vorticity and stratification solutions for the different regions in the PV and aspect ratio space are obtained and analysed with emphasis on the inertial and static instability of the vortex flow.
MAXIMUM SIZE OF SUBSETS OF PAIRWISE NONCOMMUTING ELEMENTS IN FINITE METACYCLIC p-GROUPS
Authors: FOULADI S. , ORFI R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLet G be a finite group. A subset X of G is a set of pairwise noncommuting elements if any two distinct elements of X do not commute. In this paper we determine the maximum size of these subsets in any finite nonabelian metacyclic p-group for an odd prime p.
Dietary fatty acid intake, its food sources and determinants in European adolescents: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study
Authors: Vyncke Krishna E. , Libuda Lars , De Vriendt Tineke , Moreno Luis A. , Van Winckel Myriam , Manios Yannis , Gottrand Frederic , Molnar Denes , Vanaelst Barbara , Sjöström Michael , González-Gross Marcela , Censi Laura , Widhalm Kurt , Michels Nathalie , Gilbert Chantal C. , Xatzis Christos , Cuenca García Magdalena , de Heredia Fátima Pérez , De Henauw Stefaan , Huybrechts Inge ,   on behalf of the HELENA consortium
Published: February 2012

Dietary fatty acids (FA) play a role in several (patho)physiological processes at any age, and different FA have different effects on lipid status and health outcome. The present study aims to describe the FA intake and its main food sources in a population of healthy European adolescents and to assess the variation in intake as a function of non-dietary factors. FA intake was assessed with 24 h recall interviews in 1804 adolescents aged 12·5–17·5 years. Usual intakes were calculated using the multiple source method. Multilevel analyses, adjusting for study centre, were used to investigate the influence of non-dietary factors. The mean total fat intake was 33·3 (sd1·2) % of total energy intake (%E). The mean SFA intake was 13·8 (sd1·2) %E, with 99·8 % of the population exceeding the recommendations. SFA was mainly delivered by meat and cake, pies and biscuits. In most adolescents, the PUFA intake was too low, and 35·5 % of the population did not achieve the minimum recommended intake for α-linolenic acid (ALA). The main determinants of FA intake in the present study population were age and sex, as well as physical activity in the male subgroup. No contributions of body composition, socio-economic status or sexual maturation to the variance in FA intake were observed. In conclusion, the most important public health concerns regarding FA intake in this adolescent population were the low intake of ALA and the high intake of SFA, mainly seen in the younger-aged boys. In this group the major contributor to SFA was meat.
Past dieting is related to rigid control and disinhibition in adolescents from the Québec Family Study
Authors: Gallant Annette R. , Tremblay Angelo , Pérusse Louis , Després Jean-Pierre , Bouchard Claude , Drapeau Vicky 
Published: February 2012

Eating behaviour traits of rigid control and disinhibition have been associated with body weight in both adults and adolescents. Moreover, adults reporting a dieting history have increased levels of unhealthy eating behaviours. Against this background, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between dieting history and eating behaviour traits in adolescents. For the purpose of this research, a total of sixty adolescents (aged 15 (sem 2·4) years) from the Québec Family Study completed the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and a questionnaire regarding eating habits. Self-reported current and past dieting were analysed against eating behaviour traits measured by the TFEQ, including all subscales. As the results revealed, few adolescents reported currently dieting (n 3). Adolescents who reported a dieting history (23·3 %) were older (16·9 v. 14·4 years, P < 0·001), were more likely to be female (78·6 v. 41·3 %, P < 0·05) but did not have a significantly higher BMI z-score (1·5 v. 0·9, P = 0·10), although they were more likely to be either overweight or obese (P < 0·01). After correcting for sex, BMI and age, adolescents who reported a dieting history had higher levels of rigid control and disinhibition (P < 0·05–0·0001) than those reporting no dieting history. A greater proportion of adolescents characterised by high rigid control and high disinhibition were past dieters, compared to those characterised by low levels of both behaviour traits (53 v. 4 %). The study arrived at the following conclusions: as observed in adults, adolescents with a history of dieting present unfavourable eating behaviour traits. These behavioural traits may represent an additional challenge to the long-term regulation of body weight.
New insights into the polyphase evolution of the Variscan suture zone: evidence from the Staré Město Belt, NE Bohemian Massif
Authors: JASTRZĘBSKI MIROSŁAW 
Published: February 2012

AbstractForming a northern continuation of the Moldanubian Thrust Zone, the Staré Město Belt comprises an E-verging thrust stack of three narrow lithotectonic units that exhibit variations in their respectiveP–Trecords. The upper and lower units form the respective margins of the hanging wall and footwall of the suture zone and are dominated by amphibolite grade metasedimentary successions. The middle unit is defined by an elongated body of MORB-like amphibolites that contains inserts of migmatized mica schists. Integrating both structural studies and pseudosection modelling in the MnNCKFMASH system shows that the present-day tectonic architecture of the Staré Město Belt is the result of a polyphase Variscan evolution. During a frontal, WNW–ESE-directed (in present-day coordinates) collision between the Bohemian Massif terranes and the Brunovistulian terrane, the metasedimentary rocks of the Staré Město Belt experienced tectonic burial to depths corresponding to 7–9 kbar. The continuous indentation and underthrusting of the Brunovistulian terrane led to top-to-the-ESE folding and uplift of these rocks to depths corresponding to 5.5–6.0 kbar at peak temperature. At depths corresponding to 5.5 kbar, the Staré Město Belt underwent subsequent dextral (top-to-the-NNE) shearing that was locally associated with nearly isobaric heating, possibly related to the emplacement of a Carboniferous tonalite body in the axial part of the Staré Město Belt. Subsequent tectonic compression resulted in the Variscan WNW-dipping metamorphic foliations becoming locally (N)NE- or ESE-dipping.