bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION DES FORMES SEXUÉES CHEZ ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (APHIDIDAE: HOMOPTERA), SUR LES POIS DE VARIÉTÉ LINCOLN DANS LES CONDITIONS EXPÉRIMENTALES DE L’EXTÉRIEUR
Authors: Sharma M. L. , Larrivée J. M. , Thériault L. M. 
Published: December 2009

RésuméChez le puceron du pois Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), le seuil critique propice à la formation des sexués, dans des conditions expérimentales de l’extérieur comme à l’intérieur se situe entre 13 h 15 min et 13 h 17 min de photopériode. La fécondité du puceron sur la variété Lincoln à l’extérieur est semblable à ce qu’on observe au laboratoire (maximum de 66 ± 10 et minimum de 35 ± 12 individus).Un maximum de 47% de mâles et de 80% femelles ovipares a été produit à l’extérieur. Ceci est inférieur à la production au laboratoire (57–63% de mâles et jusqu’à 90% d’ovipares au laboratoire).
ESTIMATION OF EGG POPULATIONS OF THE ALFALFA WEEVIL, HYPERA POSTICA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Harcourt D. G. , Mukerji M. K. , Guppy J. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAs part of a detailed study of the life system of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyll.), in southern Ontario, two methods were developed for estimating numbers of eggs in the spring growth of alfalfa. The first is based on direct counts of the eggs, which are laid in clusters and hence, aggregated in distribution; for moderate levels of infestation (ca. 8 eggs per bouquet), estimates with acceptable precision may be obtained by taking a single 3-stem bouquet of alfalfa from 80 randomly selected ft2 (.09 m2) quadrats within a field. The second is based on counts of the oviposition punctures which are randomly dispersed and consistent with the Poisson distribution. Although slightly less accurate, this method will provide a valid index of the number of eggs with less labour; acceptable precision may be obtained by taking a single bouquet from just 32 quadrats.
COLD TOLERANCE IN RELATION TO STARVATION OF ADULT RHYZOPERTHA DOMINICA (COLEOPTERA: BOSTRICHIDAE)
Authors: Swain Wayland R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe tolerance of young adult Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab) to sub-freezing temperatures, −5, −10, −12, −18, −21, and −25 °C, was studied. Mortality in test populations increased in proportion to amplification of both intensity and duration. The increase in mortality with respect to duration follows a sigmoid curve. Environmental stresses, i.e., intense cold and starvation, increase the slope of the curve. In all cases, starvation mitigates against survival. R. dominica dies of starvation in a period between 116 and 432 h. Mortality due to starvation plotted against time yields a sigmoid curve.Inhibition in feeding was observed in starved populations after 20 min of exposure at −18 °C or lower. This inhibition led to death after 7 days and apparently occurred secondarily to a state of “stress-induced lethargy.” Stress-induced lethargy was observed only in organisms which were both starved and subjected to sub-freezing temperatures.
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE): IV. EGGS OF THE SUBGENUS EUXOA HBN.
Authors: Salkeld E. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe eggs of 18 species of cutworms of the subgenus Euxoa Hübner are described and a key for separating some of them has been constructed. Only in rare instances can species be identified from egg morphology alone, but the egg stage can usually be identified to the subgeneric level.
KNOWN DISTRIBUTION OF THE EUROPEAN SKIPPER, THYMELICUS LINEOLA (LEPIDOPTERA: HESPERIIDAE), IN QUEBEC
Authors: McNeil Jeremy N. , Duchesne Raymond-Marie , Comeau Andre 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe area of distribution of Thymelicus lineola (Ochs.) now includes much of agricultural Quebec. Several localized, low density populations were observed, especially south of the St. Lawrence River. Heavy infestations were found in the regions of Lac St-Jean, Joliette, and Abitibi–Témiscamingue.
INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: McClanahan Robert J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSince 1970 the increasing level of Colorado potato beetle infestation in southwestern Ontario has necessitated foliage sprays or planting treatments with systemic insecticides. Spray tower tests of many insecticides against eggs, larvae, and adults indicated that the best overall materials would be carbofuran, azinphos-methyl, and chlorfenvinphos.At planting time furrow treatments with granular carbofuran, disulfoton, or phorate demonstrated good control of all potato pests until the end of June. After that time only the carbofuran and phorate treatments gave protection against a heavy second generation of potato beetles. Yields were related to the degree of pest control.
MORTALITY OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE) RELATIVE TO DISTRIBUTION AND DEGRADATION OF DICOFOL DEPOSITS ON PEACH LEAVES
Authors: Herne D. C. , Chiba Mikio 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMortality of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), on peach leaves was directly related to the uniformity of distribution and amount of deposit of dicofol for up to 4 days after the spray was applied. Mite mortality decreased rapidly from the 4th to the 11th day after spraying, whereas the dicofol detected by chemical analysis decreased at a slower rate. The minimum deposit of dicofol for 100% kill of the mite, immediately after spraying, was between 0.3 and 0.8 μg/cm2, depending upon uniformity of coverage. Doubling the dose did not increase the mortality then or later. Fourteen days after spraying, the dicofol deposit on some leaves was still 0.7–0.8 μg/cm2 but there was practically no mite mortality.
FECUNDITY OF VIRGIN AND MATED APPLE MAGGOT (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) FEMALES CONFINED WITH APPLE AND BLACK CERESIN WAX DOMES
Authors: Neilson W. T. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe fecundity of apple maggot females was significantly greater (P <.05) on apple than on black ceresin wax domes. Eggs/female laid in apple varied from 24.8 to 318.1 and that in domes from 0.4 to 27.5. Mated females did not lay significantly more eggs than virgins and those confined in groups did not lay significantly more than those confined individually. These findings do not concur with those reported in the literature.
ADDITIONAL CHARACTERS FOR SPECIFIC DETERMINATIONS IN NEARCTIC XEROPHLOEA (RHYNCHOTA, HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Hamilton K. G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCharacters of head profile and abdominal apodemes are used to supplement the variable character of crown shape in determining the nearctic species of Xerophloea. These characters are illustrated for X. peltata (Uhl.), X. minor Laws., X. robusta Laws., X. major Bak., and X. majesta Laws., and a key for species recognition is included. On the basis of these characters, only X. peltata is found in Canada.
PECAN WEEVIL, CURCULIO CARYAE (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): 1. COMPARISON OF ADULT SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Boethel D. J. , Eikenbary R. D. , Morrison R. D. , Criswell J. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn 1972, limb jarring, tanglefoot trunk barrier, emergence trap, and insecticide spray knockdown methods of sampling for adult pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), were compared. The latter two methods were most efficient in detecting onset of adult emergence, seasonal fluctuations in emergence, and population differences among sample dates and among trees. In 1973, further comparisons of the latter two methods gave results similar to 1972 results. The required sample size was influenced by population density. The number of pecan trees to be sampled for a 20% standard deviation of the mean was small enough to be practical for grower use for most sample dates in 1973 and at dates near peak emergence in 1972.
THE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES OF MALE AND FEMALE LYTTA NUTTALLI (COLEOPTERA: MELOIDAE)
Authors: Gerber G. H. , Church N. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory experiments showed that female Lytta nuttalli Say are capable of developing and depositing more than one batch of eggs. The largest number of batches deposited by a female was 5. Batches laid by one female are the same size, and each batch represents one gonadotropic cycle. Most females lay every 4 to 8 days, the most frequent intervals between consecutive ovipositions being 5 and 6 days. The females copulate at least once before the first oviposition and usually again within 24 h after each oviposition. The first copulation stimulates oocyte maturation and probably also deposition of the first batch of eggs. Additional copulations are not needed for the development and deposition of subsequent egg batches, but appear to stimulate egg output. Sufficient spermatozoa are transferred to the female during the one or more copulations preceding the first oviposition to fertilize all the eggs she produces. The largest number of copulations by a male was 9. Males can copulate as frequently as every 24 h, but the most frequent intervals between copulations in virile males are 2 and 3 days. The basic features of the reproductive cycles of male and female L. nuttalli are found in other Meloinae and probably are characteristic of the subfamily. The fairly large quantities of spermatophoral materials from repeated copulations may be important in the nutrition of the female.
MALE INSEMINATIVE POTENTIAL IN APHYTIS LINGNANENSIS (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE)
Authors: Gordh Gordon , DeBach Paul 
Published: December 2009

AbstractExperiments were conducted to determine the number of females a single male Aphytis lingnanensis Compere (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) would inseminate during the course of a lifetime and the number of female progenies stemming from these copulations. Comparisons between a 25-year-old laboratory culture and a newly collected field culture of the same species indicated that reproductive effort on the part of males was similar for the two cultures. The mean total number of females copulated by an individual male during this lifetime (about 6 days) was 27.6 for the laboratory culture and 25.6 for the field culture. The mean total number of female progeny per individual male resulting from these copulations was 169.5 for the laboratory culture and 149.1 for the field culture. Males inseminated the most females on the first day of adult life. Number of copulations and inseminative ability decreased rapidly through day 4. Very few occurred during days 5 to 9, the ultimate day any occurred. Females inseminated by a male that had experienced coitus with several females earlier tended to produce more males, thus suggesting that fewer spermatozoa were transferred during later copulations.
COLD-HARDINESS IN FALL AND WINTER ADULTS OF THE SOCIAL WASP POLISTES FUSCATUS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE) IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Gibo David L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCold-hardiness was investigated in fall and winter populations of the social wasp Polistes fuscatus (Fabricius), Individuals collected in the fall were able to survive 48 h at −10 °C. Both sexes were equally capable of surviving −5 °C. However, at −7.5 °C and −10.0 °C, females were more cold-hardy than males. About 50% of the overwintering female population were able to survive temperatures as low as −20 °C and monthly temperature fluctuations as great as 30 °C. None of the overwintering females was able to survive 48 h of −25 °C. Adult females of P. fuscatus are able to survive a winter temperature regime that, because of a combination of large fluctuations and low temperatures, is among the most severe reported for any adult insect.
LARVAL REARING BY WORKER HONEY BEES LACKING THEIR MANDIBULAR GLANDS: I. REARING BY SMALL NUMBERS OF WORKER BEES
Authors: Peng Ying-Shin , Jay S. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractExperiments were done in an attempt to ascertain the significance of the mandibular glands of nurse bees in female caste differentiation. Groups of 30 or 75, 10-day-old nurse bees, with their mandibular glands removed, were caged in the laboratory. Each group was provided with female larvae in plastic queen cell cups. The treated nurse bees were able to rear a few pupae, from these larvae, which were classified as queenlike intermediates while the untreated nurse bees reared pupae or adults which were classified as queens or queenlike intermediates.
LARVAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ARGIA VIVIDA (ODONATA: COENAGRIONIDAE) IN WARM SULPHUR POOLS AT BANFF, ALBERTA
Authors: Pritchard Gordon , Pelchat Brian 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSamples of a population of Argia vivida Hagen larvae were taken at about monthly intervals from a series of warm sulphur pools at Banff, Alberta, from June 1973 to December 1974. Changes in head capsule width and wing pad length in field-collected and laboratory-reared specimens show that the life-cycle is univoltine. Only the final (Z) instar can be recognized with certainty, but methods are described whereby the population can be divided into size classes which are thought to correspond well with the last nine larval instars. Periods of rapid growth occur in the autumn and again in the spring. Larvae overwinter in the instars U, V, W, X, and Y and the major shift to the final instar occurs in March and April. Adults emerge from April to August. In the laboratory, growth is temperature dependent until the penultimate (Y) instar and this could be a factor in the field since, although larvae can exist year-round at a constant 26 °C, some larvae live in the cooler areas at the edges of the streams and pools. Entry to the final instar appears to require the long photoperiods that follow the vernal equinox.
A STUDY OF SOME NORTH AMERICAN LARVAE OF THE GENUS TETRALOPHA ZELLER (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE: EPIPASCHIINAE)
Authors: Allyson Suzanne 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe larvae of Tetralopha web leaves of many kinds of trees and shrubs. A key to nine North American species is included, with descriptions of the last instar larvae. The species considered are Tetralopha robustella Zeller, T. militella Zeller, T. expandens Walker, T. aplastella Hulst, T. asperatella Clemens, T. vacciniivora Munroe, T. euphemella Hulst, T. scortealis Lederer, and T. baptisiella Fernald.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND HABITS OF LINSLEYA SPHAERICOLLIS (COLEOPTERA: MELOIDAE),
Authors: Church N. S. , Gerber G. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLinsleya sphaericollis (Say) adults have been seen in various parts of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta from mid-June to mid-August, and will feed on western snowberry, Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hooker, species of wild and cultivated honeysuckle, Lonicera spp., common lilac, Syringia vulgaris L., and green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Field-collected adults lived for up to 8 weeks in captivity and laid on the average nearly one batch of eggs per female, with each batch containing an average of 50–51 eggs. The eggs were killed if exposed to temperatures of 0–10°C for 3 weeks, but endured these temperatures for a week. Embryonic development was slow, hatching was unusually irregular, and the best hatching temperature was 25°C. The incubation period was about 50% longer at 20°C, and hatching was inhibited at 15° and 30°C. The first instar larvae lived for up to 7 weeks without food. Some of the larvae fed on the eggs of Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) and M. bivittatus (Say), but the response was poor; they did not feed on ant larvae and pupae, or on the larvae of wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton). The data indicate that there are five vorant larval instars, that the typical meloid hypnothecal and non-vorant larval instars are omitted, that this insect overwinters as a fifth instar larva, that the natural food of the larvae is grasshopper eggs, and that the genus Linsleya should be included in the subtribe Epicautina.
MAYFLIES (EPHEMEROPTERA) OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA: NEW SPECIES, DESCRIPTIONS, AND RECORDS
Authors: Allen Richard K. , Cohen Sandra D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDescriptions and figures of five undescribed species are presented: Lachlania talea, L. iops, Epeorus (Iron) packeri, Rhithrogena notialis, and Heptagenia bella. Heptagenia mexicana Ulmer is tentatively transferred to the genus Stenonema, the nymphal stage is described for Isonychia sicca manca Eaton and Homoeoneuria salviniae Eaton, and new collection records extend the known distributional range of Dactylobaetis mexicanus Traver & Edmunds, D. musseri Traver & Edmunds, D. zenobia Traver & Edmunds, Isonychia sicca manca, Homoeoneuria salviniae, Epeorus (Iron) metlacensis Traver, and Stenonema mexicana.
MEAN WEIGHT AND REARING PERFORMANCE OF SUCCESSIVE EGG CLUSTERS OF EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Harvey G. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDetailed laboratory studies of mated spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) show that the number of eggs per day, mean cluster size, and mean wet weight of the eggs gradually decrease during the period of oviposition of individual moths. The term mean weight of initial eggs (Ei) is defined and compared with other measurements of mean egg weight based on total egg complement or parts of it. Ei is 6%–12% greater than the mean egg weight based on all eggs laid. In spite of variation in pattern of egg weight distribution among moths, Ei appears to express satisfactorily the differences in mean egg weight among moths and can be used to survey egg weights among populations.Laboratory rearing studies of individual clusters indicate slightly slower emergence rates (seconds from hibernacula), greater survival, and smaller proportions of male pupae in the third and fourth quartiles of the egg complement; there were no differences in pupal weights related to cluster order. There is no ready explanation for this improved survival of larvae from eggs known to be smaller.Implications of these results for the population dynamics of the spruce budworm are discussed. The more stressful conditions encountered in the natural environment may counteract the apparently better survival of individuals from the latter part of the egg complement.
CAPTURE OF RELEASED APPLE MAGGOT FLIES, RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), ON STICKY PANELS
Authors: Reissig W. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn 1975, 19.4% of 6950 marked apple maggot adults, Rhagoletis pomonella, which were released in the center of a 7 × 7 array of unsprayed apple trees were recaptured on Pherocon® AM traps. The distribution of the marked flies was not uniform as most of the flies were recaptured near the release point. The distribution of native flies which migrated into the test area from adjacent infested apple trees was also non-uniform.
KEYS TO ADULTS AND PUPARIA OF FIVE SPECIES OF MICRODON (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE) FROM EASTERN WASHINGTON AND NORTHERN IDAHO, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW SPECIES
Authors: Novak John A. , Akre Roger D. , Garnett Wm. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdult and puparial keys are presented for five Microdon species occurring in eastern Washington and northern Idaho. The original description of Microdon cockerelli Jones is revised, and a new species of Microdon is described.
DESCRIPTION OF AN INDIVIDUAL POSSIBLE HYBRID TENEBRIONID BEETLE AND THE HABITAT PREFERENCE OF THE PARENTAL SPECIES
Authors: Hamilton William J. , Penrith Mary-Lou 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe structure and behavior of a sterile male intergeneric hybrid tenebrionid beetle from the Namib Desert are described. Compared with the courtship performance of males of the parental types the hybrid male was intermediate in choice of females. The parental species occur together in the field and there is a broad habitat overlap in utilized parts of the environment. Intergeneric courtship was regularly observed, but only one instance of hybridization was noted.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF TRISETACUS (PROSTIGMATA: ERIOPHYOIDEA) ASSOCIATED WITH CUPRESSACEAE
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of Trisetacus chamaecypari n. sp., and female adults of T. thujivagrans n. sp. are described, and species of Trisetacus associated with Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae are discussed and keyed. An original diagnosis of the genus Trisetacus is included.
DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF SOME AXONOPSINE WATER MITES (PROSTIGMATA: PARASITENGONA: ATURIDAE), WITH NOTES ON PHYLOGENETIC AFFINITIES OF THE SUBFAMILY
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of three Nearctic species of Axonopsinae, Axonopsis setonensis Habeeb, Brachypoda cornipes Habeeb, and Woolastookia sp. near pilositarsa (Habeeb) are described, and diagnoses are proposed for the taxa involved. Observations on these larvae permit new insight regarding the phylogenetic affinities of Axonopsinae, thereby leading to a suggestion for reassessment of the supergeneric classification of the Aturidae.
A SEX ATTRACTANT FOR MALES OF THE DARKSIDED CUTWORM, EUXOA MESSORIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Struble D. L. , Swailes G. E. , Ayre G. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractField testing of a large number of synthetic compounds and several combinations of them revealed that male moths of the darksided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris), were attracted to combinations of Z-7-hexadecen-1-yl acetate and Z-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate. The most satisfactory attractants were combinations of these two compounds in ratios of 1:20 or 1:40. The presence of small amounts of the corresponding E-isomers did not interfere with the attractant. The diene, Z-7, Z-11-hexadecadien-1-yl acetate, in combination with Z-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate also attracted the males, but there was no advantage in using the diene in place of Z-7-hexadecen-1-yl acetate.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE LONGEVITY AND FECUNDITY OF ORGILUS OBSCURATOR (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) AND THE EFFECTS OF CERTAIN FOODS ON LONGEVITY
Authors: Syme Paul D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA study was made of the longevity and fecundity of Orgilus obscurator Nees and of the effects on longevity of feeding on various flowers. This parasite is pro-ovigenic, requiring little, if any, energy to develop its eggs, but the oviposition rate of 10 eggs per day requires a longevity of up to 3 weeks to utilize fully the potential of 160–200 eggs. Feeding on several species of flowers permits this longevity. The implications of the presence of these flowering plants within pine plantations for the success of parasites are discussed and the establishment and encouragement of Daucus carota L., Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Asclepias syriaca L., and Nepeta cataria L. in plantations are recommended within the bounds of local weed control legislation.
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) IN ALFALFA
Authors: McDonald S. , Harper A. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOf 11 insecticides tested, nine were as effective as dimethoate for control of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), in alfalfa. None, including the systemic insecticides, provided adequate protection in growing alfalfa at 7 days after treatment. The environmental impact of these materials could be reduced if the lowest effective rates were used for control because repeat applications may be required. Because pirimicarb at 0.28 kg AI/ha had a reduced effect on Chrysopa oculata (Say), a predator of the pea aphid, it would be preferred to dimethoate for control of this aphid.
ENTOMOPHTHORA CULICIS (PHYCOMYCETES: ENTOMOPHTHORALES) PARASITIZING BLACK FLY ADULTS (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) IN ALBERTA
Authors: Shemanchuk J. A. , Humber Richard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEntomophthora culicis (Braun) Fresenius was found parasitizing adults of Simulium venustum Say and Simulium vittatum Zett. in central Alberta. The first parasitized black fly adults were collected on 17 August 1973 from a moist log on the margin of Flat Creek (113°52′ W. long., 54°41′ N. lat.). In subsequent summers, parasitized black flies were found on various substrates at sites on three other creeks in the area. Parasitized black flies first appeared in late June and were present to mid-September with peak numbers occurring during August. The fungus kills young black fly adults. This is the first record of E. culicis on black flies in Canada.