bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential influences of island biogeographic effects on the diversity of three plant life-forms
Authors: Li Sai-Qiang , Pan Qin-Qin , Yang Xiao-Dong , Gao Yong-Chao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Traditional island biogeography has assumed that area size and remoteness are key factors affecting species richness, but this theory has recently been challenged as increased human activity and climate change altered species dispersal patterns. It is unclear whether these two emerging factors will impact the existing mechanisms of biodiversity maintenance. Our research addresses this gap by examining trees, shrubs, and herbs on 30 islands along China's eastern continental shelf. We utilized remote sensing technology to assess human activity, island area and remoteness, and employed various statistical models such as linear regression and PLS-PM to interpret the mechanisms that maintain the richness of different plant life-forms. Our findings show a strong positive correlation between island area and total (SR, R² = 0.51), tree (R² = 0.41), shrub (R² = 0.40), and herb species richness (R² = 0.36, all p < 0.01). Conversely, island remoteness was negatively correlated with SR, tree, and shrub species richness (R² ≤ 0.22, p ≤ 0.01), while no significant correlation with herb species richness. Additionally, we found a positive correlation between human activities and invasive plant species (R² = 0.29, 0.47, p < 0.01). The PLS-PM indicates in addition to island biogeographical effects, climate, human activities, and habitat diversity also affect the distribution of plant diversity through this effect, but the driving mechanisms differ among three plant life-forms. Area is a major determinant for shrub and herb diversity, while remoteness more significantly affects tree species richness. Human activities positively affect tree richness but negatively affect shrub and herb richness. Climatic variables were analyzed to understand their potential effects on the richness of the three plant life-forms. While our results showed a significant positive impact on shrub richness, the relationships with tree and herb richness were not statistically significant. Our study contributes new empirical insights into island biogeography, integrating multiple factors to explain plant diversity maintenance and offering valuable data for island biodiversity conservation.
Population Attributable Fraction of abnormal body mass index for diabetes mellitus in Yazd during a 10-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study: Yazd Healthy Heart cohort (YHHC) in Yazd, Iran
Authors: Namayandeh Seyedeh Mahdieh ,   2.	Maryam Askari, Mohammadi Masoud , Hadiani Leila , Soltani Mohammadhosein , Sarebanhassanabadi Mohammadtaghi , mohammadhoseini Mojtaba , majidpour fatemeh ,   9.	Ahmad Karimi
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is one of the public health problems. And its prevalence is growing. Obesity and overweight are preventable risk factors for diabetes. The objective of this study was to calculate the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of abnormal body mass index (BMI) for diabetes mellitus (DM). In the present study, 1641 non-diabetic Participants were followed up for ten years (2006 - 2016). The prevalence of the outcome in the reference group and the relative risk of abnormal BMI were calculated, and then the PAF formula was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software (Chicago, SPSS Inc.). The prevalence of DM in people with normal BMI was 18.7%. The crud RR, adjusted RR by age, and adjusted RR by age and sex were calculated as 1.66 (1.25-2.14), 1.74 (1.29-2.26), and 1.84 (1.36-2.37), respectively. Suppose we can reduce the prevalence of obesity to the ideal value (zero) without adjustment, age adjustment, or sex adjustment. In that case, the incidence of diabetes will be reduced by 27%, 29%, and 32%, respectively. Diabetes attributed to obesity, about 30% decreases; If we can reduce the prevalence of obesity to the ideal value (zero).
Anomalous Mechanical Response of Stretched Film of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyhexanoate)
Authors: Fukuda Yuta , Janchai Khunanya , Sunagawa Takenobu , Yamaguchi Masayuki 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The mechanical responses during loading, unloading, and reloading cyclic tensile tests of a tubular blown film of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) are studied. Although the stress–strain curve recorded during the initial stretching process is typical for a crystalline polymer, the stretched film behaves like a rubber during the reloading process; that is, low modulus with a small residual strain after unloading. Furthermore, the stress–strain curves during the reloading process are an inverted “S” shape. During the first stretching process of the polymer film, small crystals are destroyed without reorganization into a crystalline structure, leading to the observed decrease of crystallinity. In contrast, well-developed crystals that orient to the machine direction of the film do not disappear during the first stretching and act as crosslink points during reloading. As a result, a rubber-like response is detected. This mechanical response during reloading is considerably different from those of conventional crystalline plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
Accelerating Cd2+ adsorption using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles engineered by combination of ultrasound and microwave treatment
Authors: Panchu Sandeep Eswaran , Panchu Sarojini Jeeva , Venkatachalam Vijayaraj , Swart Hendrik C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticle was effectively engineered through a combination of ultrasonication followed by microwave techniques. This modification significantly enhances the adsorbent's characteristics compared to microwave and other combinational techniques. The particle size of the adsorbent was effectively reduced to 30×10 ± 3 nm, with a crystallite size of 10 nm, and an enhanced specific surface area of 105 m2/g. These modifications led to a significant acceleration in Cd2+ adsorption capacity, reaching 185 mg/g at pH 7 within 20 min. Both pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm fittings confirmed monolayered Cd2+ adsorption on homogeneous sites via chemisorption. Thermodynamic studies indicated an exothermic and spontaneous behavior of the Cd2+ ion adsorption process. Very high and sustained regeneration efficiency was observed for HAp-UM, reaching 95% after seven cycles. The simple and rapid synthesis of HAp-UM demonstrates a drastic enhancement in Cd2+ ion removal capacity, making it a promising option for wastewater treatment.
Insights into Quantum Support Vector Machine
Authors: Jammalamadaka Subrahmanyam , Cherukuri Aswani Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Machine learning through Quantum computing principles has been found to take an edge in the artificial intelligence and machine learning domains. Both domains have similarities in terms of higher-dimensional computing through complex linear algebra. This has given way to Quantum Machine learning. To work with available quantum computers to a greater extent, quantum machine learning algorithms are designed to work on Nearly Intermediate State Quantum (NISQ) devices using hybrid quantum-classical methods of execution. IBM Qiskit quantum framework with existing classical machine learning frameworks like SK-Learn and tensor-flow is used for this purpose of the study on how a Quantum support vector machine algorithm can be more effectively used over the classical support vector machine when classical support vector machines lack the computation power. In this paper, how quantum principles are involved in gaining the advantages and limitations of using quantum machines are discussed with an example of experimentation run on quantum machines and classical machines using the IBM Qiskit framework.
Phenolic compounds related to heartwood coloration of Millettia pendula
Authors: Yusuke Taga , Yamauchi Kosei , Mitsunaga Tohru 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Three noble phenolic compounds were isolated from the heartwood of Millettia pendula along with eight known compounds. Among the known compounds, six were isolated from this species for the first time. Structural determination of the isolated compounds was accomplished using 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Two of the isolated compounds, 2 and 6, showed red and purple pigmentation, respectively. These compounds contained a conjugated π system composed of benzofuran and p-benzoquinone moieties. We therefore hypothesize that a hydroquinone moiety, present in precursors of 2 and 6, is autoxidized by activated oxygen in the air to form p-benzoquinone. The difference in colors between these two compounds was due to the difference in the B ring substituents. Expansion of their conjugated pi systems allows 2 and 6 to absorb and reflect light in the visible region, and results in the characteristic purple coloring of M.pendula.
Neural network-based Aeroelastic System Identification for Predicting Flutter of High Flexibility Wings
Authors: Guo Qing , Li Xiaoqiang , Zhou Zhijie , Ma Dexiao , Wang Yuzhuo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Flutter is an extremely significant academic topic in both aerodynamics and aircraft design. Since flutter can cause multiple types of phenomena including bifurcation, period doubling, and chaos, it becomes one of the most unpredictable instability phenomena. The complexity of modeling aeroelasticity of high flexibility wings will be substantially simplified by investigating the prospect of system identification techniques to forecast flutter velocity. Therefore, a novel neural network (NN)-based method for aeroelastic system identification is proposed. The proposed NN-based approach constructs an NN framework of high flexibility wings flutter models with different materials and sizes, which can effectively predict the flutter velocity of flexible wings. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparing with the simulation results.
Numerical Analysis Of The Liquid Saturation At The Cathode Side Of A PEM Fuel Cell With Different Flow Paths
Authors: Ceballos J. O. , Sierra J. M. , Ordoñez L. C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The performance of fuel cells is greatly influenced by the design of the flow channels, making it one of the most significant factors impacting their overall performance. In this work, numerical simulations on serpentine, parallel, and interdigitated geometries are carried out using an open-source toolbox at 0.5, 0.4, and 0.3 V to observe the liquid water saturation distribution at the cathode side of a three-dimensional multiphase non-isothermal model of a Protonic Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. The results indicate that the serpentine flow channel shows the maximum current density and the minimum saturation distribution. Also, it is shown that maximum saturation values are located at the edges of the membrane-electrode assembly. There is an important change in the ionic distribution which directly impacts the current density.
Inhibiting autophagy affects collagen degradation by TGF-β1 in the bronchial fibroblasts of rats
Authors: Zhang Lanying , Yu Siyuan , Zhang Fuan , Chen Jie , Liao Shixia , Liu Yuting , Zhou Jian , An Xuan , Zhang Wei , Ouyang Yao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health issue and its prevalence is growing. Importantly, autophagy plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of airway remodeling. However, further research is required to determine the precise mechanism of autophagy in rat bronchial fibroblasts (RBFs). In this study, we selected transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) as a proliferation stimulating agent and explored its impact on RBFs-related collagen degradation following autophagy. We used enzyme digestion combined with tissue block adhesion to quickly and efficiently isolate and extract RBFs. We then established autophagy models of RBFs using rapamycin and starvation. Subsequently, we used western blotting (WB) to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins (LC3-II, Beclin-1, and P62) in RBFs treated with TGF-β1. Further, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the level of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and its inhibitor, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) in the RBF supernatant. Different concentrations of TGF-β1 promoted RBF growth, while rapamycin lowered RBF survival rates. TGF-β1 downregulated LC3-II and Beclin1 expression but increased P62 expression levels after rapamycin and starvation-induced autophagy in RBFs. Adding TGF-β1 elevated TIMP-1 protein levels and reduced MMP-1 protein levels. The present study provides novel insights that TGF-β1 reduces airway emodeling in RBFs by inhibiting autophagy and collagen degradation, suggesting that targeting TGF-β1 might have potential therapeutic value for the prevention and treatment of COPD.
Antarctic ice shelves at risk of collapse by mid-century
Authors: Zheng Yaowen , Golledge Nicholas , Gossart Alexandra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Projections show that Antarctic surface melt will increase through the current century, potentially accelerating ice shelf collapse and global sea level rise [1–3]. However, a high-resolution map of projected melt is currently lacking, which limits the accuracy of predictions of hydrofracturing [2] and loss of buttressing to grounded ice [4]. Here, we present 100-meter projections of Antarctic surface melt potential under Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) 1-2.6, 2-4.5, 3-7.0, and 5-8.5. These projections are generated from a spatially-distributed statistical model [5] trained on 30 years of observational data, and uses high-resolution topographic data [6] to downscale forcing temperature fields. Local temperature corrections arising from this downscaling (but typically absent from general circulation models) are up to 6°C, comparable to global temperature change under the highest greenhouse gas emissions scenarios by 2100 [7]. Using these more accurate temperature fields our high-resolution downscaled melt calculations show that Larsen-C, Shackleton, Thwaites, Getz, and Totten ice shelves will all be at high risk of collapse from mid-century due to increased surface melt, even if emissions follow the mid-range SSP3-7.0 pathway. Future trajectories of latitudinal melt migration show that SSP1-2.6 is the only emissions pathway under which future Antarctic surface melt is stabilized at present levels.
Medical Image Retrieval using ROI extraction and Hybrid Bag-of-Features model
Authors: Kugunavar Sneha , Prabhakar C.J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Medical image processing has become a major component in the healthcare system, where the Content-Based Medical Image Retrieval (CBMIR) technique is increasingly used. However, CBMIR still has room to improve its ability to handle multiple modalities and a large volume of images to produce satisfactory results. This paper presents a novel CBMIR framework using the Hybrid Bag-of-Features (HBoF) technique for multimodal and scalable datasets. The experiment was conducted using the IRMA 2009 and the Kvasir datasets. The HBoF model in the proposed work is a combination of Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW) with shape and texture features. Initially, the Region of Interest was extracted using the Dynamic Delaunay Triangulation method. Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) descriptor followed by the K-means clustering was used to generate the BoVW. The shape and texture features were extracted using the Edge Histogram Descriptors (EHD) and Gray-Level Co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Finally, the Euclidean distance similarity measure was used to retrieve the relevant images. The experimental results prove the reliability and robustness of the proposed framework achieved against the state-of-art methods. Thus, our study provides a novel CBMIR framework using the HBoF model to address the challenges related to computational and retrieval efficiency of large medical image datasets.
Sources of mercury varied in the Mariana Trench during the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene
Authors: Zhou Zhengwen , Wang Huiling , Xin Yu , Wang Yingjun , Liu Xiting , Tian Jiwei , Hintelmann Holger , Yin Yongguang , Liu Guangliang , Cai Yong , Li Yanbin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The Mariana Trench, is one of the ultimate sinks of the earth’ system, providing unique insights to matter cycling and environmental evolution. Trench sediments receive mercury (Hg) from the upper ocean and constitute a global Hg sink. However, little is known about the variation in the Hg cycle that have been driven by geological or environmental changes prior to human activity. Here we present results covering concentrations and isotopic signatures of Hg in the deepest trench system to identify the evolution of Hg cycling in trenches before the Anthropocene. Sediment cores collected from the Mariana Trench showed values for mass independent fractionation (Δ199Hg) of > 0 with ratios of Δ199Hg/Δ201Hg close to 1.0, suggesting that Hg in this system was primarily subjected to atmospheric or water column photochemical processes prior to deposition. Geological proxies and isotopic compositions (δ202Hg: -4.2‰ to -4.5‰, Δ199Hg: 0.28‰ to 0.29‰) comparable only in volcanoes reveal that Hg contents coinciding with the transition from the last glacial termination to the early Holocene can predominantly be attributed to volcanic activity. During the Holocene, atmospheric Hg constituted the main source of Hg in the Mariana Trench, while the last glacial maximum was characterized by an accumulation of both atmospheric and biogenic Hg.
The Effect of Combination Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus and Pisum sativum Extract on The Histological Structure of The Liver, Kidney and Stomach of Rattus norvegicus
Authors: Elfidariani Ratih , Triharjana  
Published: June 2024

This research aim to determine the effect of the extract of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and peas (Pisum sativum) toward histological structure of the liver, kidneys, and stomach of white rats (Rattus norvegicus).
The objects of this research are twenty (20) white rats female wistar strain with ±100-200 grams of weigh which had never been pregnant. White rat samples are divided into 1 group as a control (P0) and 3 treatment groups with P1 25 mg/kgBB of winged bean extract + 75 mg / kgBB of peas extract, P2 50 mg / kgBB of winged bean extract + peas extract 50 mg / kgBB, and P3 winged bean extract 75 mg / kgBB + peas extract 25 mg / kgBB given for 21 days. Each group consist of 5 repetitions. The analysis used the One Way Anova test, it the results were significant, and then proceed with the Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test. To determine the trend of the effect of winged bean seed extract and pea on the histological structure of the liver, kidneys, and stomach, descriptive analysis was performed.
The results showed that the extract of winged bean and pea had no significant effect (p> 0.05) on the histological structural damage of the liver and kidneys of white rats. Giving winged bean extract) and peas extract on the histological structure of the stomach of white rats in all treatment groups was under normal conditions.
Epidemic Characteristics and Meteorological Risk Factors of Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome in 151 Cities in China From 2015 to 2021: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Luo Yizhe , Zhang Longyao , Xu Yameng , Kuai Qiyuan , Li Wenhao , Wu Yifan , Liu Licheng , Ren Jiarong , Zhang Lingling , Shi Qiufang , Liu Xiaobo , Tan Weilong 
Published: June 2024

Background
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) continues to pose a significant public health threat to the population in China. Previous epidemiological evidence indicates that HFRS is climate sensitive and influenced by meteorological factors. However, past studies either focused on too-narrow geographical regions or investigated time periods that were too early. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive analysis to interpret the epidemiological patterns of meteorological factors affecting the incidence of HFRS across diverse climate zones.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to describe the overall epidemic characteristics of HFRS and explore the linkage between monthly HFRS cases and meteorological factors at different climate levels in China.

Methods
The reported HFRS cases and meteorological data were collected from 151 cities in China during the period from 2015 to 2021. We conducted a 3-stage analysis, adopting a distributed lag nonlinear model and a generalized additive model to estimate the interactions and marginal effects of meteorological factors on HFRS.

Results
This study included a total of 63,180 cases of HFRS; the epidemic trends showed seasonal fluctuations, with patterns varying across different climate zones. Temperature had the greatest impact on the incidence of HFRS, with the maximum hysteresis effects being at 1 month (–19 ºC; relative risk [RR] 1.64, 95% CI 1.24-2.15) in the midtemperate zone, 0 months (28 ºC; RR 3.15, 95% CI 2.13-4.65) in the warm-temperate zone, and 0 months (4 ºC; RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.31-2.25) in the subtropical zone. Interactions were discovered between the average temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation in different temperature zones. Moreover, the influence of precipitation and relative humidity on the incidence of HFRS had different characteristics under different temperature layers. The hysteresis effect of meteorological factors did not end after an epidemic season, but gradually weakened in the following 1 or 2 seasons.

Conclusions
Weather variability, especially low temperature, plays an important role in epidemics of HFRS in China. A long hysteresis effect indicates the necessity of continuous intervention following an HFRS epidemic. This finding can help public health departments guide the prevention and control of HFRS and develop strategies to cope with the impacts of climate change in specific regions.
Characterizing Mental Health Status and Service Utilization in Chinese Americans With Type 2 Diabetes in New York City: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shi Yun , Wu Bei , Islam Nadia , Sevick Mary Ann , Shallcross Amanda J , Levy Natalie , Tamura Kosuke , Bao Han , Lieu Ricki , Xu Xinyi , Jiang Yulin , Hu Lu 
Published: June 2024

Background
Emerging evidence indicates that individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are more prone to mental health issues than the general population; however, there is a significant lack of data concerning the mental health burden in Chinese Americans with T2D.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the comorbid mental health status, health-seeking behaviors, and mental service utilization among Chinese Americans with T2D.

Methods
A cross-sectional telephone survey was performed among 74 Chinese Americans with T2D in New York City. We used standardized questionnaires to assess mental health status and to gather data on mental health–seeking behaviors and service utilization. Descriptive statistics were applied for data analysis.

Results
A total of 74 Chinese Americans with T2D completed the survey. Most participants (mean age 56, SD 10 years) identified as female (42/74, 57%), were born outside the United States (73/74, 99%), and had limited English proficiency (71/74, 96%). Despite nearly half of the participants (34/74, 46%) reporting at least one mental health concern (elevated stress, depressive symptoms, and/or anxiety), only 3% (2/74) were currently using mental health services. Common reasons for not seeking care included no perceived need, lack of information about Chinese-speaking providers, cost, and time constraints. The cultural and language competence of the provider was ranked as the top factor related to seeking mental health care.

Conclusions
Chinese Americans with T2D experience relatively high comorbid mental health concerns yet have low service utilization. Clinicians may consider team-based care to incorporate mental health screening and identify strategies to provide culturally and linguistically concordant mental health services to engage Chinese Americans with T2D.