bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Care Economy al América Latina: A Multi-scalar Feminist Project
Authors: Mahon Rianne 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) created an opening to put the care economy on the global agenda, but the idea found particularly fertile ground in Latin America and the Caribbean well before COVID. This article examines the way the idea and practice of a care economy has been developed by feminists in the region. It looks at the role played by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and the triennial Regional Conferences on Women in putting it on the regional agenda. Turning to the Uruguayan example, it looks at how feminists were able successfully to push for a national care system, using the idea of the care economy as a coalition magnet. When facing blockages at the national scale elsewhere, however, Latin American feminists have adopted a multi-scalar strategy, finding openings especially at the local scale, as the examples of Bogotá and Mexico City suggest.
Unpacking the trust concept: closing the common law–civil law gap
Authors: Noseda Filippo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article builds on the practical experience of a Swiss lawyer turned English solicitor, first in understanding the trust concept and then explaining it to others. The main stumbling block is the idea of a ‘split’ ownership, but also misconceptions about common law, its legal sources and even the language used by common lawyers to describe the trust mechanism. A proper understanding of the trust mechanism requires a degree of ‘unpacking’, ‘unlearning’ and even ‘rewiring’, and the first part of this article uses familiar language to deconstruct and demystify several misconceptions. The second part will provide some reverse engineering and put everything back together. Common lawyers may find this ‘deconstructing’ and ‘reconstructing’ exercise helpful, too, as it provides some insight into the challenges faced by their peers outside the common law world in understanding what is going on here.
The National Institutes of Health Lasker Clinical Research Scholars Program: A Decade of Launching Clinician-Scientist Careers
Authors: Dearolf Charles R. , Lee Janice S. , Pickett Christopher L. , Santangelo George , Schor Nina F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
In response to the decades-long decrease in U.S. clinician-scientists, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation launched the Lasker Clinical Research Scholars Program in academic year 2011 to 2012. The investigators examined the early outcomes of this program.

Method
Thirty-nine scholars have matriculated into the program as of May 2023. Productivity was assessed for all scholars who joined the program before October 2020 (n = 31). Extramural early-stage investigators (ESIs) were used as a control group, and coarsened exact matching was used to compare the groups. The scholars were compared with the matched ESIs on 4 productivity metrics: publication count, weighted relative citation ratio, clinical impact, and approximate potential to translate. Publication records for both groups were compiled using the NIH Office of Portfolio Analysis’ name disambiguation method and manually curated to ensure integrity of the data set.

Results
Of the 39 scholars, 29 were compared with 121 matched extramural ESIs. Five years before matriculation, the 2 groups had comparable numbers of publications, but scholars had a higher median weighted relative citation ratio, clinical impact, and approximate potential to translate score. Five years after matriculation, the scholars had a higher median number of publications than the ESIs, and the gap between scholars and ESIs, with scholars having higher scores, had widened for all metrics except approximate potential to translate scores. Of 10 of the 39 scholars at or approaching tenure eligibility, 6 have attained tenure (3 at NIH and 3 in academic institutions) and 4 are on track to attain tenure at NIH.

Conclusions
All the Lasker clinical research scholars are substantially involved in clinical and translational research. Their productivity matches or exceeds that of a matched cohort of ESIs at U.S. academic institutions.
Determinants of early-onset colorectal cancer: a multicenter case-control study in Iran
Authors: Collatuzzo Giulia , Seyyedsalehi Monireh Sadat , Rashidian Hamideh , Hadji Maryam , Safari-Faramani Roya , Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Malekzadeh Reza , Zendehdel Kazem , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: April 2024

Background
We aimed to study the risk factors of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the Iranian population. Early onset CRC in Iran is a relevant health issue that deserves further epidemiological efforts to be defined and controlled as far as possible. Early age screening of low-tract of the intestine would be particularly useful in families of colorectal cancer patients

Methods
We analyzed data from a multicenter hospital-based case-control study in Iran (The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer). Sociodemographic and lifestyle information was collected using validated questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regressions estimated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of early-onset CRC in individuals under the age of 50 and potential risk factors, including physical activity, socioeconomic status, body shape at age 15, dietary factors, vitamin D, cigarettes and waterpipe smoking, opium use and family history of CRC. Additionally, a subgroup analysis was conducted for individuals with a very young age of CRC onset (i.e. <35 years).

Results
We analyzed data of 189 developed CRC below age 50 (99 colon and 90 rectum), and 66 patients under the age 35 (13 colon and 21 rectum). Early CRC was inversely associated with vegetables (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38–0.92 for 422–576 g/day) and vitamin D (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26–0.94), and positively associated with red meat intake (OR, 1.80; 1.15–2.83 per 25.65 g/day). Vegetables (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27–0.98 for 576 g/day), red meat (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.11–3.79 for 25.65 g/day), vitamin D (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10–0.86) and opium use (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.01–6.74) were associated with early rectum cancer. Results were heterogeneous by cancer site for high fruit and vegetables intakes and cigarette smoking. Family history was associated with CRC (OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.29–10.9) and rectum cancer (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.24–14.4) in subjects younger than 35, and, to a lesser extent, with CRC and rectum cancer before age 50.

Conclusion
Early-onset CRC was related to the intake of vegetables, vitamin D and red meat in Iran. Early-onset rectum cancer was associated with regular opium use. Family history was associated with early CRC and early rectum cancer, particularly below the age of 35.
A behavioral economics approach to enhancing HIV preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis implementation
Authors: Li Jingjing , Liu Yaxin , Nehl Eric , Tucker Joseph D. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
The ’PrEP cliff’ phenomenon poses a critical challenge in global HIV PrEP implementation, marked by significant dropouts across the entire PrEP care continuum. This article reviews new strategies to address ‘PrEP cliff’.

Recent findings
Canadian clinicians have developed a service delivery model that offers presumptive PEP to patients in need and transits eligible PEP users to PrEP. Early findings are promising. This service model not only establishes a safety net for those who were not protected by PrEP, but it also leverages the immediate salience and perceived benefits of PEP as a natural nudge towards PrEP use. Aligning with Behavioral Economics, specifically the Salience Theory, this strategy holds potential in tackling PrEP implementation challenges.

Summary
A natural pathway between PEP and PrEP has been widely observed. The Canadian service model exemplifies an innovative strategy that leverages this organic pathway and enhances the utility of both PEP and PrEP services. We offer theoretical insights into the reasons behind these PEP–PrEP transitions and evolve the Canadian model into a cohesive framework for implementation.
Redistribution of Epithelium and Stroma and Their Relationship With Corneal Curvature After 1-Month Cessation of Overnight Orthokeratology
Authors: Yang Ying , Chen Can , Chen Zhi , Zeng Li , Xue Feng , Zhou Jiaqi 
Published: April 2024

Objectives:
To investigate the changes in the thickness of epithelium and stroma and their relationship with corneal curvature following the cessation of overnight orthokeratology for a period of 1 month.

Methods:
This prospective study consecutively included 20 juveniles (20 right eyes) who had undergone overnight orthokeratology for a minimum of one year and were willing to discontinue the treatment. The study measured and compared epithelial and corneal curvature using optical coherence tomography and Medmont topographer at the first day of cessation and 1 month after cessation. In addition, changes in uncorrected visual acuity and refractive error before and after the cessation of the treatment were analyzed.

Results:
The study found a significant increase in the thickness of the epithelium in the central 2-mm area after the cessation of the treatment (t = −4.807, P<0.001). Moreover, the stroma in the paracentral area (2–5 mm) and peripheral area (5–6 mm) showed a general thinning trend (P=0.016, P=0.016). Regarding the correlation analysis, the change in central epithelial thickness (ΔCET) was significantly correlated with the change in paracentral corneal curvature (ΔPCCC) (r=0.610, P=0.007) and the change in peripheral corneal curvature (ΔPCC) (r=0.597, P=0.009). Similarly, the change in central stromal thickness (ΔCST) was significantly correlated with the change in central corneal curvature (ΔCCC) (r=0.500, P=0.035), ΔPCCC (r=0.700, P=0.001), and ΔPCC (r=0.635, P=0.005).

Conclusions:
The study found that the corneal remodeling induced by orthokeratology was reversible after the cessation of the treatment. Specifically, changes in the epithelium were found to be more prominent in the central area, while changes in the stroma were more pronounced in the paracentral and peripheral areas. In addition, the study established a significant correlation between central corneal remodeling and changes in curvature.
Effects of Preoperative Intravenous Versus Subcutaneous Tranexamic Acid on Postoperative Periorbital Ecchymosis and Edema Following Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Comparative Study
Authors: Marous Charlotte L. , Farhat Omar J. , Cefalu Matthew , Rothschild Michael I. , Alapati Sailaja , Wladis Edward J. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To compare the effects of preoperative tranexamic acid (TXA) administered intravenously (IV) versus subcutaneously on postoperative ecchymosis and edema in patients undergoing bilateral upper eyelid blepharoplasty.

Methods:
A prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of patients undergoing bilateral upper eyelid blepharoplasty at a single-center. Eligible participants were randomized to preoperatively receive either (1) 1 g of TXA in 100 ml normal saline IV, (2) 50 µl/ml of TXA in local anesthesia, or (3) no TXA. Primary outcomes included ecchymosis and edema at postoperative day 1 (POD1) and 7 (POD7). Secondary outcomes included operative time, pain, time until resuming activities of daily living, patient satisfaction, and adverse events.

Results:
By comparison (IV TXA vs. local subcutaneous TXA vs. no TXA), ecchymosis scores were significantly lower on POD1 (1.31 vs. 1.56 vs. 2.09, p = 0.02) and on POD7 (0.51 vs. 0.66 vs. 0.98, p = 0.04) among those that received TXA. By comparison (IV TXA vs. local subcutaneous TXA vs. no TXA), significant reductions in edema scores occurred in those that received TXA on POD1 (1.59 vs. 1.43 vs. 1.91, p = 0.005) and on POD7 (0.85 vs. 0.60 vs. 0.99, p = 0.04). By comparison (IV TXA vs. local subcutaneous TXA vs. no TXA) patients treated with intravenous and local subcutaneous TXA preoperatively were more likely to experience shorter operative times (10.8 vs. 11.8 vs. 12.9 minutes, p = 0.01), reduced time to resuming activities of daily livings (1.6 vs. 1.6 vs. 2.3 days, p < 0.0001), and higher satisfaction scores at POD1 (8.8 vs. 8.7 vs. 7.9, p = 0.0002). No adverse events occurred were reported.

Conclusion:
In an analysis of 106 patients, preoperative TXA administered either IV or subcutaneously safely reduced postoperative ecchymosis and edema in patients undergoing upper eyelid blepharoplasty. While statistical superiority between intravenous versus local subcutaneous TXA treatment was not definitively identified, our results suggest clinical superiority with IV dosing.
Depression in Persons With Epilepsy
Authors: Abell Kathryn , Sit Dorothy K. , Wisner Katherine L. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Major depressive disorder is highly prevalent among persons with epilepsy (PWEs). Between 30% and 50% of PWEs suffer from depression. Many factors contribute to this prevalence, including the psychosocial impact of the diagnosis, restrictions on driving and certain types of work, and adverse effects associated with antiseizure medications. Without proper treatment, depressed PWEs have increased risks for suicide, strained relationships, lowered seizure control, and impairment in functioning. Our objective was to use the existing literature and insights from our experience in treating depression and anxiety in PWEs within an academic mood disorders center. We aimed to provide practical guidance for health care professionals who treat depression in this population.

Methods
Persons with epilepsy and depression were identified by their treating psychiatrists. Their electronic health records were reviewed and compiled for this report, with a total of 12 included in this review. Records were reviewed regarding antiseizure medications, psychotropic medications, light therapy, psychotherapy, other interventions, and treatment response.

Results
Based on our review of literature, as well as review of cases of individuals with epilepsy and comorbid psychiatric conditions, we recommend a step-wise evidence-based approach of optimizing psychiatric medication doses, augmenting with additional medication and/or implementing nonpharmacological interventions such as light therapy and psychotherapy.

Conclusions
In PWEs, improvement in depression, other psychiatric symptoms, and function are the goals of drug and nondrug interventions. Depression care has the potential to significantly improve the quality of life of PWEs and reduce both morbidity and mortality.
Navigating Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Access: Qualitative Insights From Black Women at a Northeastern Historically Black College and University
Authors: Robinson Marissa , Aidoo-Frimpong Gloria , Nelson LaRon , Sandoval-Rosario Michelle , Williams Brittany , Chandler Rasheeta 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Black women are essential to ending the HIV epidemic in the United States; yet prevention, access, testing, and structural racism affect how HIV disproportionately affects them. Limited public health research focuses on Black women attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and the ability to address HIV prevention, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake. PrEP is a once-daily oral pill used to prevent HIV transmission and has suboptimal uptake within the Black community. This generic qualitative descriptive analysis identifies the barriers and facilitators of PrEP uptake among Black women attending an HBCU using the health belief model. Overall, 22 Black college women participated in a 60-minute focus group. Emergent categories were as follows: (a) Barriers—stigma, cost, and side effects; (b) Facilitators—PrEP's effectiveness, exposure to HIV, and unprotected sex. Our findings can inform future efforts to increase PrEP uptake among Black women attending an HBCU.
HIV Diagnosis in the Context of Stable Relationships: A Qualitative Study With Women Living in Portugal
Authors: Gonçalves Mariana , Moraes Lais , Maia Ângela Costa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this phenomenological study is to explore the acceptance of HIV diagnosis of women in stable relationships. Based on eight semistructured interviews with cisgender Portuguese women, thematic analysis identified four interrelated themes that illustrated the emotional and psychosocial dynamics involved in this journey. Following an HIV diagnosis, participants grappled with complex emotions, societal perceptions, and the internalization of stigma. Marital relationships underwent profound changes, with trust breakdown and emotional distancing. Coping mechanisms ranged from seeking support to living in secrecy, which impacted psychological well-being. Acceptance of HIV diagnosis is influenced by self-stigmatization, societal perceptions of HIV, and gender dynamics. The findings contribute to the development of tailored interventions, emphasizing the interconnected nature of physical and psychological well-being in the diagnosis acceptance process.
In Vitro Testing of Trichomonas vaginalis Drug Susceptibility: Evaluation of Minimal Lethal Concentration for Secnidazole That Correlates With Treatment Success
Authors: Graves Keonte J. , Novak Jan , Tiwari Hemant K. , Secor W. Evan , Augostini Peter , Muzny Christina A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We determined the in vitro minimum lethal concentration of secnidazole and assessed the correlation with clinical susceptibility among Trichomonas vaginalis isolates obtained from 71 women, of whom 66 were successfully treated with this medication. A minimum lethal concentration ≤12.5 μg/mL correlated with clinical susceptibility in this study.
Deep Learning Synthesis of White-Blood From Dark-Blood Late Gadolinium Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Jaspers Tim J.M. , Martens Bibi , Crawley Richard , Jada Lamis , Amirrajab Sina , Breeuwer Marcel , Holtackers Robert J. , Chiribiri Amedeo , Scannell Cian M. 
Published: April 2024

Objectives
Dark-blood late gadolinium enhancement (DB-LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance has been proposed as an alternative to standard white-blood LGE (WB-LGE) imaging protocols to enhance scar-to-blood contrast without compromising scar-to-myocardium contrast. In practice, both DB and WB contrasts may have clinical utility, but acquiring both has the drawback of additional acquisition time. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a deep learning method to generate synthetic WB-LGE images from DB-LGE, allowing the assessment of both contrasts without additional scan time.

Materials and Methods
DB-LGE and WB-LGE data from 215 patients were used to train 2 types of unpaired image-to-image translation deep learning models, cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) and contrastive unpaired translation, with 5 different loss function hyperparameter settings each. Initially, the best hyperparameter setting was determined for each model type based on the Fréchet inception distance and the visual assessment of expert readers. Then, the CycleGAN and contrastive unpaired translation models with the optimal hyperparameters were directly compared. Finally, with the best model chosen, the quantification of scar based on the synthetic WB-LGE images was compared with the truly acquired WB-LGE.

Results
The CycleGAN architecture for unpaired image-to-image translation was found to provide the most realistic synthetic WB-LGE images from DB-LGE images. The results showed that it was difficult for visual readers to distinguish if an image was true or synthetic (55% correctly classified). In addition, scar burden quantification with the synthetic data was highly correlated with the analysis of the truly acquired images. Bland-Altman analysis found a mean bias in percentage scar burden between the quantification of the real WB and synthetic white-blood images of 0.44% with limits of agreement from −10.85% to 11.74%. The mean image quality of the real WB images (3.53/5) was scored higher than the synthetic white-blood images (3.03), P = 0.009.

Conclusions
This study proposed a CycleGAN model to generate synthetic WB-LGE from DB-LGE images to allow assessment of both image contrasts without additional scan time. This work represents a clinically focused assessment of synthetic medical images generated by artificial intelligence, a topic with significant potential for a multitude of applications. However, further evaluation is warranted before clinical adoption.
Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Revascularization Strategies Guided by Quantitative Flow Ratio in Primary Noncoronary Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Li Linlin , Zhang Heng , Rao Chenfei , Meng Jian , Zhou Xingtong , Liu Chang , Fan Hongguang 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Information regarding quantitative flow ratio (QFR) usage in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is lacking. We compared the incidence of postoperative long-term adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events after QFR-guided or coronary angiography-guided adult cardiac surgery with concurrent bypass surgery.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 432 patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at our institution with at least 1 angiographical coronary artery lesion (diameter stenosis: 30% to 90%) between January 2015 and January 2016. The QFR of each patient was calculated. Patients who only underwent intraoperative coronary revascularization following the principles of optimal revascularization strategy were assigned to group A. Patients with coronary lesions not meeting the above criteria were placed in group B.

Results:
The average number of distal anastomoses of patients with combined CABG in group B was similar to that in Group A (1.9±1.0 vs. 1.7±0.9; P=0.081). Group A had a shorter CPB duration (114.4±49.2 vs 135.8±55.2 minutes; P<0.001) and shorter aortic cross-clamping time (83.6±36.2 vs 101.1±40.6 minutes; P<0.001). The rates of perioperative mortality and major complications did not differ between groups. Long-term major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) were less common in group A than in group B (14.7% vs 29.5%; P<0.001).

Conclusions:
In primary noncoronary cardiac surgery, despite the similar average numbers of distal anastomoses, the group with target vessels treated using an optimal coronary revascularization strategy presented shorter CPB time and aortic cross-clamping time than the other group. Multivariate analyses also showed a lower incidence of long-term MACCEs.