bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolution of tongue lesions caused by Leishmania infantum in a dog treated with the association miltefosine-allopurinol
Authors: Foglia Manzillo Valentina , Paparcone Rosa , Cappiello Silvia , De Santo Roberta , Bianciardi Paolo , Oliva Gaetano 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Canine leishmaniosis is a severe systemic disease caused by the kinetoplastid protozoan Leishmania infantum, an obligatory intracellular parasite of mammalian macrophages, transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sandflies. The infection in dogs might occur without any clinical signs or might be characterised by chronic viscerocutaneous signs, such as lymphadenopathy, skin lesions, splenomegaly, onychogryphosis, and renal as well as ocular damage due to immunocomplex deposition. In atypical cases the parasites can be found in the striated musculature, the central nervous system, the endocrine glands or gonads, with or without functional damage. Leishmania infection might seldom induce oral lesions, particularly on the tongue. The authors describe the clinical case of a four-year old mongrel dog with tongue lesions caused by L. infantum. The dog was presented due to diarrhoea, lack of appetite and hypersalivation. Examination of the oral cavity revealed the presence of multiple red, nodular lesions on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the tongue. Definite diagnosis of an infection with L. infantum was obtained by an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and by the cytological identification of the parasite in nodular, lingual lesions and bone marrow aspirates. The dog was treated with a combination of miltefosine (Milteforan®, Virbac), 2 mg/kg orally once a day for four weeks and allopurinol (Ziloric®, GlaxoSmithKline), 10 mg/kg orally twice a day for six months. At the end of the treatment, the animal showed full remission of clinical signs. The authors outline the atypical manifestations in the oral cavity in combination with a L. infantum infection and discuss the therapeutic potential of the combination treatment of miltefosine and allopurinol in canine leishmaniosis.
Investigation and Repair of Glazed Brick Cladding: A Case Study
Authors: Gorrell TA , Chin IR 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The design and repair of exterior glazed brick walls differ from that of unglazed (normal) brick walls. Water that penetrates a typical brick wall usually enters through mortar joints, through failed sealant joints, and by absorption of the brick and mortar. Much of this water escapes the wall by evaporation from the face of the wall. However, the impervious face of ceramic glazed brick significantly reduces the amount and rate of evaporation of water that enters a wall, thereby exposing the glazed brick cladding to spalling caused by the freezing of moisture trapped in the brick units. In addition, since the glaze will trap efflorescence in the brick, the buildup of this cryptoflorescence behind the glaze can result in spalling of the glazed surface of the brick. Therefore, the prevention of water penetration into the masonry wall and the rapid removal of water that has entered the wall are critical to the successful performance and durability of glazed brick clad walls. This paper discusses the common failure modes of glazed brick walls and the current industry recommendations for the design and detailing of glazed brick walls. A case study of a project that includes the investigation of a wall with spalled glazed brick and the design and installation of new glazed brick on the wall is presented. This paper discusses the specification of glazed brick materials; the difficulties in color matching new glazed brick to existing glazed brick; the design and detailing of a new glazed brick wall; and other repair methods to prevent water infiltration and increase the durability of glazed brick walls.
The Effect of Vertical Distribution of Water Permeability on the Modeled Neutralization Process in Concrete Walls
Authors: Kishimoto Yoshihiko , Hokoi Shuichi , Harada Kazunori , Takada Satoru 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The aim of this paper was to predict the durability of concrete walls. Because liquid movement is important in discussing the neutralization process, the vertical distribution of the permeability in a concrete wall was measured. In a 20 cm high sample, the permeability clearly showed a nonuniform vertical distribution. Next, an analytical model was proposed to predict the neutralization process taking into account the influence of acid rain. Based on this model, the simulation was carried out with permeability as a parameter. The results showed that neutralization was accelerated due to acid rain in regions with a high permeability and retarded in regions with a low permeability. Thus, it can be concluded that the influence of acid rain on the neutralization process may differ depending on the position in the concrete structure.
Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of Co-rolled Al-Ferritic Stainless Steel
Authors: Pilone D. , Felli F. , Bernabai U. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The lifetime of thin-walled catalyst-carrying foils is directly linked to the overall amount of aluminum present in the base alloy. Ferritic stainless steel containing more than 7 wt. % of Al represents an interesting material for the production of substrates in catalytic converters because of its good corrosion resistance at high temperature. Despite that, the considerable brittleness of the alloy makes production by means of traditional metallurgical processes difficult. Enriching the steel surface with aluminum avoids these problems and due to the high superficial aluminum concentration, enhances the Al2O3 scale formation in the early stages of the oxidation process. Among several techniques, the co-rolling process appears to be a promising technology for enriching ferritic stainless steel surfaces with aluminum without affecting the structural and mechanical properties of the substrate. This process involves cold rolling the annealed AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel together with aluminum foil to form an Al-steel-Al sandwich. After a preoxidation treatment the resultant assemblies were subjected to cyclic oxidation in air. Their oxidation behavior was then characterized by the weight gain versus the number of cycle curves. Oxides were examined by SEM and the phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results highlight that in the lower range of temperatures (T&lt;900°C) the oxide layer appears to be very adherent, even after 1000 cycles. While at temperatures higher than 900°C, the scale is characterized by convolutions and spalls off after a few hundred cycles.
Inelastic Dynamic Response of Curtainwall Systems to Blast Loading
Authors: Dawson H. , Smilowitz R. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Blast-resistant curtainwall systems require laminated glass that is adequately adhered to the mullions to develop the membrane capacity of the glass, as well as mullions that are capable of transferring the collected forces to the structural slabs. Dynamic inelastic analyses are required to determine the response of curtainwalls to highly impulsive blast loading. The most economical way to minimize the hazard to occupants is to allow the glass to undergo large deformations prior to dismemberment and fragmentation. Curtainwall performance is often evaluated using a sequence of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) analyses. The glass is represented as an SDOF to determine the reaction forces, which are then applied to SDOF analyses of the mullions. These individual calculations represent the dynamic inelastic response of the glass and mullions, but often neglect their interaction and phasing. As a result, SDOF methods tend to overpredict the response of the curtainwall components, resulting in an uneconomical design. Dynamic inelastic finite element analyses that account for the interaction of the glass and mullions and accurately represent the potential failure mechanisms provide the most accurate evaluation, leading to the most economical design for blast-resistant curtainwall systems. In addition to material nonlinearities, the finite element analyses also account for geometric stiffening of the components, therefore producing more accurate anchorage forces to be developed at the slabs.
The Effect of Void Area on Brick Masonry Performance
Authors: Sanders John P. , Brosnan Denis A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Higher void (hollow) brick offer the potential for energy savings, decreased raw material usage and reduced environmental impact. These advantages are related to the movement toward “green” building materials. The National Brick Research Center has performed an extensive study comparing the wall system performance of hollow and solid brick. Hollow masonry units are defined by ASTM C 652 while solid masonry units are specified in ASTM C 216. The key differences between these two specifications are related to the permissible void area and face shell thickness. The objective of this work was to determine what effect, if any, increasing void area might have on important aspects of the performance of brick masonry. The effect of decreasing face shell thickness was also evaluated. For this study, the performance of several sets of comparison extruded brick was measured. These sets of comparison brick represent a range of manufacturers and, thus, a range of physical properties. Water penetration, flexural bond strength, and compressive strength were measured on each type of brick and used as indicators of potential performance in a wall. Additionally, mortar usage as a function of void area was studied. Based on the results of testing from these sets of comparison brick, increasing void area or decreasing face shell thickness did not result in increased water penetration or decreased flexural bond strength.
Investigation of Masonry Failure of a Granite and Limestone Clad Historic Church in Eastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Erdly Jeffrey L. , Valentino Erik R. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The use of dimension stone was commonplace in turn of the century churches and St. George’s in Shenandoah, PA, is an example of granite and limestone construction set in the anthracite belt of Eastern Pennsylvania. The structure’s two towers, over 100 feet tall, have recently succumbed to age, the elements, and poor long-term repairs and maintenance that veiled shifting limestone and granite. Early detection did not occur due to the lack of periodic inspection following ASTM’s Standard E 2270 “Standard Practice for Periodic Inspection of Building Facades for Unsafe Conditions,” and the oldest Lithuanian Catholic Church in the United States has temporarily closed. Field observations have revealed a variety of failures. Limestone and the front entrance has outwardly displaced from the mass masonry brick backup nearly 1 in. at several locations. Granite masonry at the top of the towers has outwardly displaced 3/4 in. and has caused adjacent decorative limestone elements to displace up to 2 in. away from the wall. Spalled fragments of limestone of different sizes have fallen to the ground from varying heights at the rate of nearly one piece per month during recent years. A condition assessment examining the masonry deficiencies has been completed and the building now faces substantial repair options that may impact the building’s operational viability.
Fungicides Associated with Two Adjuvant Formulations for Preventive and Curative Soybean Rust Control
Authors: Ferguson D. C. , Yowell J. R. , May-De Mio L. Larissa , Godoy Cláudia V. , da Cunha Fabio , Rosa Gilson Machado , da C. Lima Neto Vismar 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This two-year study targeted measuring the effect of three different fungicide formulations in order to control soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi). This study also measured the effect of controlling soybean rust by adding a fixed concentration, 1 % v/v of two adjuvants into the three fungicide formulations and then varying the concentration of the two adjuvants at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 % into a tebuconazole formulation only. The first year of the study was conducted in the field in two regions of the Paraná State (Southern region of Brazil). The second year of the study was conducted in a greenhouse and in the field.
Uncertainties in Corrosion Rate Measurements of Fasteners Exposed to Treated Wood at 100 % Relative Humidity
Authors: Zelinka SL 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This paper evaluates the effect that uncertainties in measurements of time, weight, and surface area have on the determination of the corrosion rate of metal fasteners in contact with wood. Three different types of nails were driven into alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ)-treated wood and exposed to 26.7°C (80°C) at 100 % relative humidity environment for up to 1 year. It was observed that uncertainties in measurement of corrosion rate of less than 5 % could be obtained in 6 months of testing. This paper gives a description of the methods used as well as recommendations for future corrosion exposure tests in wood.
Laser Welding Conditions to Improve Tensile Strength and Fatigue Strength of a Lap Joint in Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Kawamoto Kyohei , Yoshimitsu Shintaro , Noguchi Hiroshi , Yoshimura Tatsuhiko 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This research shows a procedure for seeking a domain of conditions under which the tensile strength and fatigue strength are improved in lap joints of aluminum alloys made by laser welding. Laser welding parameters involve the following three factors: gap width, welding speed, and laser power. The following conditions were obtained in this research. (a) When searching for favorable welding conditions, the required work involves only observing the states around the weld-zone. (b) In order to improved the fatigue strength, it is necessary to prevent the generation of lack of fusion by the shortage of heat input and a crack near the toe of the weld due to the excess heat input. Using the results, the above-mentioned simple method is shown.
Effect of Quarry Production Process on Specific Gravities of Aggregates
Authors: Hossain M , Ferreira LA , Siddique ZQ , Khanum T , Montney R 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The combined bulk specific gravity of aggregates is a basic input in the Superpave asphalt mixture volumetric design. In order to identify and quantify the factors affecting the aggregate specific gravity values, tests methods similar to AASHTO T84 and T85 were conducted on aggregate samples collected from four different quarries in Kansas. All test results were analyzed statistically to find the significance of the factors—top size and fine loss of the aggregates during replicate testing—used in the experimental program. The results show that the bed from which the aggregates are produced has a significant effect on the specific gravities. However, different aggregate products obtained from the same bed in a quarry may have dissimilar specific gravities. The analysis also shows that the aggregate production process affects the specific gravities significantly when the aggregates are softer, such as soft limestone in Kansas. Fine loss during replicate testing does not affect the results for harder aggregates.
Crack Growth Behavior in Overloaded Specimens with Sharp Notch in Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Purnowidodo Anindito , Fukuzato Shingo , Saimoto Akihide , Makabe Chobin 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to evaluate fatigue crack propagation after tensile overloading. A 6-mm long u-shaped notch was cut in the center section of the specimen. Notch root radii of 0.1, 1, and 2 mm were chosen for ρ. These were regarded as center-notched specimens. The crack propagation behavior of these specimens was compared with a center-cracked specimen. Push-pull fatigue tests were carried out under stress ratios R=0, −1, and −1.5. A special investigation was made into the results for ρ=1 mm. After overload, retardation of crack growth was observed under R=0 and −1 for the notched specimens and center-cracked specimens. However, where R=−1.5, crack growth acceleration was observed after overload in both types of specimens. Even though crack growth was accelerated or decelerated, the rate was able to be evaluated by the effective stress intensity factor range after 0.2 mm of crack growth from the notch root.
V-Notched Shear Specimens for the Inclined Double Notch Shear Test
Authors: Petterson KB , Neumeister JM , Strandberg M 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
A numerical study of a modified specimen geometry for the inclined double notch shear (IDNS) test was performed. The test uses the standard double notch compression (DNC) specimen whose geometry was modified by replacing the straight grooves with tilted V notches. Arising stress fields were calculated by use of a BEM scheme. Four different geometry parameters were investigated; relative notch distance, specimen loading, and notch tilt and notch opening angles. Different evaluation criteria to determine optimal specimen and test geometries were studied with respect to effects on stress uniformity and stress concentrations/singularities. No single criterion was found to be obviously superior. Judicious specimen loading enabled cancellation of the significant mode I singularity, whereas a careful specimen design enabled the simultaneous cancellation of both modes I and mode II singularities in most specimens. Singular fields (for mathematically sharp notches) were predominant over distances comparable to the root radii used in practice, and thus not very relevant. Further, the shear stress level arising in the specimen center (and in its major part) was controlled by the specimen inclination, whereas stress concentrations in the notch root vicinity were governed mainly by notch tilt and notch opening angles. Appropriately titled, but sharper notches seemed to result in the generally most uniform stress fields. For the issues studied, several accurate closed form expressions were presented.
Calculation of Stress Fields Near Notch Roots in Real Life Structures Subjected to In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Deformations
Authors: Harada T , Noguchi H 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The authors proposed a practical method for estimating stress fields near a notch in a real structure under in-plane loading in the previous paper. In this method, boundary conditions of a region near a notch are determined reasonably, using the stress field expression and stress components measured by strain gages on the boundary. Therefore, in this method, precise estimation of the stress fields can be performed in a real structure whose boundary conditions are hard to grasp. In this paper, we develop this method further so that it can be used for notches under out-of-plane loading or simultaneous in-plane and out-of-plane loading. A straight boundary near a notch and non-symmetric boundary conditions are investigated as factors lowering the calculation precision. Consequently, there is the angular limitation of a notch in application of this method. However calculation results are accurate enough for most cases.
Development of a Viscosity Specification for Hot-Poured Bituminous Sealants
Authors: Al-Qadi Imad L. , Fini Eli. H. , Elseifi Mostafa A. , Masson J-F. , McGhee Kevin M. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Current crack sealant specifications focus on using simple empirical tests such as penetration, resilience, flow, and bonding to cement concrete briquettes (ASTM D 6690) [1] to measure the ability of the material to resist cohesive and adhesive failures. There is, however, no indication of the pertinence of these standard tests to predict the success of field installation and sealant performance. In an effort to bridge the gap between sealant fundamental properties and field performance, performance-based guidelines for the selection of hot-poured crack sealants are currently being developed. This paper proposes a new viscosity test procedure to help assess the propensity of sealants to wet the crack surface during installation. The proposed procedure calls for the use of a Brookfield rotational viscometer equipped with a modified spindle rod and an SC4-27 spindle at a speed of 60 r/min. Sealants are heated 20 min at the recommended installation temperature and the viscosity is measured after 30 s of spindle rotation in the hot sealant. These experimental conditions provide viscosities representative of sealant viscosity at shear rates during field application. The repeatability for within laboratory and between laboratories was found to be 5.4 and 17 %, respectively. This repeatability is comparable with the corresponding variability of the SuperPave viscosity test for asphalt binders.
Experimental Technique for Fully-Reversed Low-Cycle Fatigue Testing of Thin Metallic Foils
Authors: Yang D. , Holmes J. W. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Details are provided for a new experimental approach to study the fully-reversed strain controlled low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of thin metallic foils. To illustrate the technique the fatigue life of an Ni-base superalloy foil was studied at room temperature and 500°C. The fatigue tests were performed at a loading frequency of 2.2 Hz. For a strain amplitude of 1.5 % the fatigue life ranged from 649 and 754 cycles at room temperature and between 227 and 340 cycles at 500°C. In addition to metallic foils, the technique can be used to study the fully-reversed bending of other materials such as optical fibers.
Small Specimen Test Techniques for Estimating the Tensile Property Degradation of Mod 9Cr-1Mo Steel on Thermal Aging
Authors: Karthik V. , Laha K. , Parameswaran P. , Kasiviswanathan K. V. , Raj Baldev 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The degradation in mechanical properties of modified (mod) 9Cr-1Mo steel on thermal aging at 923 K has been studied using the small specimen test techniques—shear-punch and ball-indentation tests. Small volumes of material required for these test techniques make them unique tools for the assessment of service related degradation and failure analysis of structural components. A variety of heat treated microstructural conditions of mod 9Cr-1Mo steel is generated on which both conventional tensile test and shear-punch/ball-indentation tests are carried out. The relationship between conventional tensile properties and small specimen test results is established from these standardization experiments. Small specimens of Mod 9Cr-1Mo steel in the thermally aged conditions are tested using both shear punch and ball-indentation techniques and the tensile property changes are determined. Both these tests identically reflect and quantify the changes in the tensile properties with aging time which correlates well with the microstructural changes observed using optical and electron microscopic studies.
Fault Classification of Water Hydraulic System by Vibration Analysis with Support Vector Machine
Authors: Chen H. X. , Chua Patrick S. K. , Lim G. H. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This paper presents a new neural network approach to the fault diagnosis of a water hydraulic system based on the wavelet analysis of a vibration signal. A novel feature of this approach is that the vibration signals acquired from the water hydraulic motor are employed for analysis. Wavelet transform (WT) is first applied as a feature extraction technique to analyze the time-domain vibration signal. The performance of support vector machine (svm) is then investigated and compared with the conventional neural network. The results confirm the applicability of the proposed method for the fault detection in a modern water hydraulic system.