bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polycyclic N‐Benzamido Imides with Potent Activity against Vaccinia Virus
Authors: Torres Eva , Duque María D. , Camps Pelayo , Naesens Lieve , Calvet Teresa , Font‐Bardia Mercè , Vázquez Santiago 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe synthesis and antiviral activity of a series of novel polycyclic analogues of the orthopoxvirus egress inhibitor tecovirimat (ST‐246) is presented. Several of these compounds display sub‐micromolar activity against vaccinia virus, and were more potent than cidofovir (CDV). The more active compounds were about 10‐fold more active than CDV, with minimum cytotoxic concentrations above 100 μM. Chemical manipulations of the two carbon–carbon double bonds present in the compounds were carried out to further explore the structure–activity relationships of these new polycyclic imides. Hydrogenation of the two carbon–carbon double bonds decreases antiviral activity, whereas either cyclopropanation or epoxidation of the double bonds fully eliminates the antiviral activity.
Extended multi‐flip‐angle B1 mapping: A 3D mapping method for inhomogeneous B1 fields
Authors: Weber Hans , Paul Dominik , Elverfeldt Dominik V. , Hennig Jürgen , Zaitsev Maxim 
Published: October 2010

AbstractQuantitative, three‐dimensional mapping of the B1 field per unit current is necessary for comprehensive characterization of the performance of radiofrequency coils. A mapping method with high dynamic range is required, particularly for surface and array coils with inhomogeneous B1 fields. For many applications, the main magnetic field cannot be assumed to be uniform across the sensitive volume of the RF coil. B1 mapping methods relying on on‐resonance conditions thus yield erroneous results. We have, therefore, developed an extension of the multi‐flip‐angle approach (ExMFA) for B1 mapping in inhomogeneous B0 and B1 fields with high dynamic range. Based on simulations and experimental data, ExMFA is compared to the commonly used double‐angle and the standard multi‐flip‐angle approaches with special focus on applications in inhomogeneous excitation fields. Comparative evaluation reveals the improved performance of the ExMFA approach. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 37B: 203–214, 2010
A four‐channel hole‐slotted phased array at 7 Tesla
Authors: Lopez M.A. , Ehses P. , Breuer F.A. , Ponce I.P. , Gareis D. , Jakob P.M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn recent years, the phased array coil technology has found more and more its way in applications at high field small animal systems. However, these coil arrays are usually based on simple loops and are mostly used in rat imaging studies only. Mouse imaging studies are limited to the use of linear arrays or volume resonators. Recently, a novel surface coil design based on the hole‐slot magnetron's geometry was introduced to MRI. The hole‐slot magnetron is a vacuum tube which operates e.g. as a high frequency oscillator in radar applications. It has been shown that the magnetron surface coil allows for a deeper RF penetration than a conventional coil both at 1.5 and 4 Tesla.The objective of this work was to find an optimal loop coil based on the hole‐slot magnetron geometry in order to build a volume phased array for cardiac imaging with improved SNR on the centre of the sample. To achieve this goal, different magnetron loops were simulated and evaluated towards their performance. Based on these results the best performing hole‐slot magnetron geometries were built and compared. In addition, the magnetron loop (referred as hole‐slotted coil) with the best sensitivity was compared with conventional simple loop geometries. Furthermore, a four channel hole‐slotted phased array based on the magnetron's design theory was built, evaluated and compared with a conventional four channel array. The four channel hole‐slotted array shows improved RF penetration depth over the four channel array with simple loop geometry. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 37B: 226–236, 2010.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of intrathoracic and intra‐abdominal spindle cell and mesenchymal lesions
Authors: Bean Sarah M. , Baker Allyson , Eloubeidi Mohamad , Eltoum Isam , Jhala Nirag , Crowe Ralph , Jhala Darshana , Chhieng David C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND.The role of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) in the evaluation of spindle cell and mesenchymal lesions is unclear. This study reviews the use of EUS‐FNA in diagnosing intrathoracic and intra‐abdominal spindle and mesenchymal cell lesions at an academic institution.METHODS.All EUS‐FNA specimens with a significant spindle or mesenchymal cell component were retrieved. Follow‐up was comprised of clinical correlation, chart review, or evaluation of subsequent tissue specimens, including FNAs, biopsies, and/or surgical resections. Lesions were categorized as either inflammatory/reactive or neoplastic.RESULTS.Forty‐four EUS‐FNA specimens were retrieved from 39 patients (21 men and 18 women with a median age of 61 years [range, 20‐88 years]). Anatomic sites included 19 lymph node specimens, 15 gastrointestinal tract specimens, 7 pancreatic specimens, and 4 other anatomic site specimens. Twenty‐two cases were inflammatory/reactive lesions, including 17 granulomatous lesions and 5 cases of chronic pancreatitis. Twenty‐two cases were neoplastic, including 14 gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 2 smooth muscle tumors, 2 sarcomatoid carcinomas, 2 melanomas, 1 sarcoma, and 1 solitary fibrous tumor. A specific cytologic diagnosis was rendered in 30 cases (81%). Immunocytochemistry was performed on 21 neoplastic cases and contributed to the differential diagnosis in 18 cases. No false‐positive findings were encountered. Three false‐negative results were identified and were attributed to sampling error.CONCLUSIONS.Spindle cell neoplasms are rarely encountered on EUS‐FNA. The differential diagnosis encompasses a wide variety of benign and neoplastic entities. Correlation of cytomorphology and ancillary studies yields a high diagnostic accuracy of spindle cell and mesenchymal lesions on EUS‐FNA. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Emotion
Authors: LeDoux Joseph E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:What is Emotion?Brain and Emotion: Historical LandmarksSham RagePapez CircuitPsychic BlindnessVisceral Brain and Limbic SystemOrganization of Limbic ForebrainCurrent Status of Limbic System ConceptBasic Circuits of Limbic ForebrainEmotional Evaluation: Central Coding of Stimulus SignificanceSensorilimbic Connections and EmotionParallel Sensory Pathways to Amygdala: Unique Roles in Emotional ProcessingNeurotransmission and Modulation in Affective Processing PathwaysNeural Systems Governing Emotional ExpressionExpression of Emotional BehaviorExpression of Autonomic Changes Associated With Emotional BehaviorEmotional Expression: ConclusionsMechanisms of Emotional ExperienceBrain Mechanisms of Emotion: Conclusions
Attention: Behavior and Neural Mechanisms
Authors: Heilman Kenneth M. , Watson Robert T. , Valenstein Edward , Goldberg Michael E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Behavioral Enhancement of Sensory Response as a Physiological Analogue of Attentional ProcessesArousalSelective AttentionRelationships Between Selective Attention and ArousalIntentionFrontal LobesCentromedian‐Parafascicularis‐Frontocortical‐Thalamic Reticular Nucleus SystemCatecholamine SystemsHemispheric Asymmetries of Attention and IntentionAttentionIntentionSummary and Conclusions
Electrophysiology of Cognition
Authors: Hillyard Steven A. , Picton Terence W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Event‐Related PotentialsClassificationNomenclatureRecording TechniquesMeasurementNeural Bases of Event‐Related PotentialsField Potentials in the Nervous SystemScalp DistributionDepth RecordingsEvent‐Related Magnetic FieldsBlood Flow and MetabolismClinical Applications of Event‐Related PotentialsEvaluation of Sensory FunctionApplications to NeurologyDisorders of Higher Nervous FunctionsPreparation and AnticipationMovement‐Related PotentialsContingent Negative VariationClinical StudiesSelective AttentionEarlyERPExperimentsAuditory AttentionInterpretation of Auditory Negative‐Difference WaveVisual AttentionSomatosensory AttentionQuestion of Peripheral Sensory GatingAttentional ChannelsMultidimensional Stimulus SelectionDisorders of AttentionOverview:ERPsand Selective AttentionCognitive ProcessingStimulus Probability and ExpectancySignal Detection and Decision ConfidenceStimulus RelevanceStimulus‐Evaluation ProcessesMental ChronometryStimulus MeaningCognitiveERPsin ChildrenAging and DementiaPsychiatric ConditionsAnimal Models ofERPsOverview:ERPsand Cognitive ProcessingLanguage and Hemispheric SpecializationERPsPreceding SpeechAuditoryERPsto Speech SoundsPhonetic ProcessingVisualERPsto WordsProbe‐Stimulus TechniqueLinguistic Decision MakingStimulus MeaningContextual Effects in LanguageSemantic Mismatch and Semantic PrimingLanguage DisordersOverview:ERPsand LanguageConcluding Observations
Cerebral Lateralization and Specialization in Human Central Nervous System
Authors: Nass Ruth D. , Gazzaniga Michael S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Left Hemisphere Specialization for LanguageAphasia and Left Hemisphere Specialization: Dissociation of Syntactic and Semantic Aspects of LanguageRight Hemisphere Contributions to LanguageAberrant Organization for LanguageLeft Hemisphere Specialization for Motor ControlSupramodal Theories of ApraxiaDefinition of Apraxia and Motor‐Programming DeviceNeural Organization of PraxisHemispheric Specialization for Intelligence and ConsciousnessBrain Mechanisms and IntelligenceBrain Mechanisms and ConsciousnessRight Hemisphere SpecializationSpecialization for Perceptuospatial SkillsManipulospatial Dominance: Motor ComponentRight Hemisphere Auditory ProcessingHemispheric Specialization for EmotionClinical StudiesExperimental StudiesOntogenesis of Hemispheric SpecializationLeft Hemisphere Specialization for LanguageLeft Hemisphere Specialization for Motor ControlRight Hemisphere Specialization for Perceptuospatial FunctionsCorpus CallosumSummary
Kinetics of the Actin–Myosin Interaction
Authors: Walker Jeffery W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Crossbridges and Sliding FilamentsRegulationMyosin and ActomyosinATPaseRates of Specific StepsEnergetics of Specific StepsCardiac versus Skeletal ActomyosinATPaseThe Crossbridge Cycle in MuscleEnergy Transduction and Muscle MechanicsTransient Kinetics in Fibers Using Caged CompoundsAnalysis of Specific StepsCardiac MuscleIn Vitro MotilityAtomic Structures of Actin and MyosinMyosin S1ActomyosinComparison of Structural Models to Other ModelsRecent ProgressRegulationThe Steric Blocking ModelKinetic RegulationDual Regulation of the Crossbridge CyclePhosphorylation and Protein Isoform SwitchingSummary and Concluding Comments
Morphogenesis of Vascular Smooth Muscle in Atherosclerosis and Cell Culture
Authors: Ross Russell , Kariya Beverly 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Smooth Muscle CellsMorphology and Growth CharacteristicsProblems With Studies of Diploid Cells—Variability in ResponseSenescence in CultureGrowth Requirements in CulturePlatelet Factors and Growth ControlConnective Tissue Formation by Smooth Muscle Cells in CultureEndotheliumFibroblastsSummaryAppendixSurgical Procedures for Dissection of Thoracic AortaPreparation of Primary Cultures and Maintenance of Secondary CulturesPreparation of Pooled Monkey Serum for Stock Cultures and Dose‐Response CurvesPreparation of Monkey Blood Serum and Monkey Plasma Derived Plasma Serum for Growth CurvesGrowth Curves
Chemical Energetics of Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: Paul R. J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Historical AspectsEnergy Metabolism of Vascular Smooth MuscleBiochemistry ofATPSynthesisEnergy SourcesRespiration of Vascular TissueAerobic GlycolysisATPProductionEnergy StoresEnergy Utilization and Its Relation to ContractilityChemical Energetics of Isometric ContractionEnergetics Under Other Mechanical ConditionsTension Cost of Vascular Smooth MuscleIs Tension Cost Dependent on Stimulus?Relaxation Speed Theory of Tension CostRüegg's ApproachFactors Underlying Low Tension CostPhysiological CorrelatesMetabolic Cost of Vascular Regulation of CirculationPhysiological Role of Dependence of Force and Metabolism on Tissue LengthCoordination of Contractility and Energy MetabolismAnswers and Questions
Processing of Angiotensin and Other Peptides by the Lungs
Authors: Ryan Una S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Historical BackgroundPulmonary MetabolismAngiotensin IBradykininAngiotensinIIAngiotensinIIIAngiotensin‐Converting Enzyme: KininaseIICellular and Subcellular Sites of Relevant Pulmonary EnzymesImmunocytochemistryPulmonary Endothelial Cells as a Model SystemClinical ImplicationsActions of Peptide Hormones on LungsOther PeptidesDiscussion and Future Directionsa
Lung Metabolism of Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins, Prostacyclin, Thromboxane, and Leukotrienes
Authors: Bakhle Y. S. , Ferreira Sergio H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:History of EicosanoidsOverview of Eicosanoid BiosynthesisAntagonists of Eicosanoids and Inhibitors of Their SynthesisLung Pharmacology of EicosanoidsInactivation of Eicosanoids in LungSynthesis of Eicosanoids by LungSynthesis From Exogenous Arachidonic AcidSynthesis From Endogenous Arachidonic AcidSummary
Lipoproteins and Lipoprotein Lipase
Authors: Hamosh Margit , Hamosh Paul 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:HistoryLipoproteinsChylomicronsVery‐Low‐Density LipoproteinsLow‐Density LipoproteinsHigh‐Density LipoproteinsLipoprotein LipaseHistory of Lipoprotein LipaseDistribution of Lipoprotein LipaseRegulation of Lipoprotein Lipase ActivityOntogeny of Lipoprotein LipaseCharacteristics of Lipoprotein LipaseMechanisms of Hydrolysis of Circulating TriglyceridesCharacteristics of Lipolytic Activity of Lipoprotein LipaseLipoprotein Lipase in LungTissue Distribution and Regulation of ActivityLung Lipoprotein Lipase in DiseaseOriginFunctions
Wave log‐domain filters using lattice sections
Authors: Fragoulis N. 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYIn this paper, the design of log‐domain filters with uncommon transfer functions is considered, using the wave log‐domain design method. To this end, the concept of log‐domain wave equivalent of a lattice section is introduced, as a new building block, in order to enable the design of filters with transfer functions dealing with amplitude and phase response at the same time. This building block is very useful when the phase and the group delay response of the filter is significant. The functionality of this design approach is verified through a design example and simulation results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel N(3),N(4)‐Bridging Coordination Mode of 1‐R‐Tetrazole‐5‐thiolates – Synthesis, X‐ray Diffraction, Magnetic Properties and Quantum‐Chemical Study of a Macrocyclic Dinickel Complex Coligated by 1‐Methyltetrazole‐5‐thiolate
Authors: Voitekhovich Sergei V. , Syre Ronny , Lach Jochen , Matulis Vadim E. , Gaponik Pavel N. , Ivashkevich Oleg A. , Kersting Berthold 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe dinuclear nickel(II) complex [Ni2L(μ‐ClO4)]ClO4, where L2– represents a 24‐membered macrocyclic bis(triamine–thiophenolate) ligand, reacts with 1‐methyltetrazole‐5‐thiol and triethylamine to give the complex [Ni2L(μ‐SCN4Me)]ClO4, which was subjected to metathesis with NaBPh4 yielding [Ni2L(μ‐SCN4Me)]BPh4. This new complex was characterized by elemental analysis, UV/Vis/NIR and IR spectroscopy. The structure of [Ni2L(μ‐SCN4Me)]BPh4 was determined by X‐ray crystallography, showing the 1‐methyltetrazole‐5‐thiolate ligand in an N(3),N(4)‐bridging mode generating a bis(octahedral) N3Ni(μ‐S)2(μ‐SCN4Me)NiN3 core. Quantum chemical calculations of the molecular electrostatic potential, natural population analysis and total energies of possible structures of [Ni2L(μ‐SCN4Me)]+ are in agreement with the structural data obtained. Temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that the NiII ions in the dinuclear complex are weakly ferromagnetically coupled showing a coupling constant J of 19.5 cm–1 (H = –2JS1S2).
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Direct C–H Alkenylation, Alkynylation, Benzylation, and Alkylation of (Hetero)arenes
Authors: Messaoudi Samir , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouâd 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDirect functionalization of (hetero)aromatic C–H bonds has recently emerged as a powerful tool for the functionalization of organic molecules. In the past decade, while many efforts have focused on the direct arylation of (hetero)arenes, much less attention has been devoted to the direct alkenylation, alkynylation, and benzylation of (hetero)arenes. This microreview summarizes the development in this area to date, with the focus on how the substrate scope has been expanded through selection of more appropriate synthetic methods, such as the careful choice of catalysts, ligands, bases and reaction conditions.
Tandem Michael Addition/Aldol Reaction of Allenic Ketones with Alkyl Vinyl Ketones: Versatile Synthesis of 2‐Alkynyl 1,5‐Diketones, 4‐Alkynyl‐3‐hydroxycyclohexanones and 4‐Alkynylcyclohexenones
Authors: Malhotra Deepika , Liu Le‐Ping , Hammond Gerald B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe reactivity of alkynylenolate was investigated in the reactions of allenic ketones and vinyl ketones. We found that different products could be obtained under different conditions. The tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF)‐mediated Michael addition of allenic ketones to vinyl ketones gave 2‐alkynyl 1,5‐diketones as the product. Under stronger basic conditions, a tandem Michael addition/aldol reaction of the two starting materials occurred in one pot, and 4‐alkynyl‐3‐hydroxycyclohexanone could be isolated at low temperature, whereas 4‐alkynylcyclohexenones was obtained at room temperature. It should be noted that only one diastereoisomer of 4‐alkynyl‐3‐hydroxycyclohexanone was isolated from the reaction even when ethyl vinyl ketone was used as the Michael acceptor, as determined by1H and13C NMR spectroscopy. The configurations of the diastereoisomers were confirmed by NOESY spectroscopy.
A new gravity‐driven microfluidic‐based electrochemical assay coupled to magnetic beads for nucleic acid detection
Authors: Laschi Serena , Miranda‐Castro Rebeca , González‐Fernández Eva , Palchetti Ilaria , Reymond Frédéric , Rossier Joël S. , Marrazza Giovanna 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this work, the characterisation and the optimisation of hybridisation assays based on a novel, rapid and sensitive micro‐analytical, gravity‐driven, flow device is reported. This device combines a special chip containing eight polymer microchannels, with a portable, computer‐controlled instrument. The device is used as a platform for affinity experiments using oligonucleotide‐modified paramagnetic particles. In our approach, both hybridisation and labelling events are performed on streptavidin‐coated paramagnetic microparticles functionalised with a biotinylated capture probe. Modified particles, introduced in the microchannel inlet of the chip, accumulate near the electrode surface by virtue of a magnetic holder. After hybridisation with the complementary sequence, the hybrid is labelled with an alkaline phosphatase conjugate. The electrochemical substrate for alkaline phosphatase revelation is p‐aminophenyl phosphate. Solutions and reagents are sequentially passed through the microchannels, until enzyme substrate is added for in situ signal detection. Upon readout, the magnet array is flipped away, beads are removed by addition of regeneration buffer, and the so‐regenerated chip is ready for further analysis. This protocol has been applied to the analytical detection of specific DNA sequences of Legionella pneumophila, with an RSD=8.5% and a detection limit of 0.33 nM.
Collision of a long DNA molecule with an isolated nanowire
Authors: Araki Noritoshi , Aydil Eray S. , Dorfman Kevin D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe provide an experimental test of the universal behavior arising in simulations of the electrophoretic collision of a long DNA molecule with an isolated, thin post. Our experiments take advantage of a robust protocol to embed matrices of circa 100 nm radius ZnO nanowires in a microfluidic channel. The density and height of the nanowires are easily controlled by the seeding and growth conditions. Single‐molecule videomicroscopy of λ‐DNA electrophoresis in a sparse nanowire array shows that the average holdup time decays exponentially with the impact parameter, in agreement with simulations. Only at the largest electric field studied here does the hooking probability approach that for an infinitesimally thin post.
Experimental analysis of cross‐sectional flow motion in a large amplitude meandering bend
Authors: Termini Donatella , Piraino Mafalda 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFlow in meandering bends is characterized by the formation of a large cross‐sectional central‐region circulation cell. The width‐to‐depth ratio is one of the most important parameters affecting the entity of the cross‐circulation motion. In steep outside bends, beside the central‐region cell, a counter‐rotating circulation cell often forms in the upper part of the outer‐bank. In spite of its practical importance, the evolving mechanisms of both the circulation cells and their role on boundary shear stress distribution in bends are not yet fully understood. The aim of the present paper is to gain some insight into how cross‐sectional flow motion evolves along meandering bends. Experiments have been carried out in a laboratory meandering channel of large amplitude, over a deformed‐rigid bed, for two values of the width‐to‐depth ratio. The three‐dimensional flow velocity field has been measured in detail at five cross‐sections, almost equally spaced along the channel reach between two consecutive apex sections. The measurements have been carried out on a fine grid by an acoustic Doppler velocity profiler. The distributions of the cross‐sectional flow (e.g. cross‐sectional flow velocity, net transversal flux) and turbulent kinetic energy are analyzed in each investigated section. Measurements show that the counter‐rotating circulation cell is evident only in the case of ‘small’ width‐to‐depth ratio. Such circulation cell begins at the bend entrance and it is fully developed at the bend apex; then it decays. At the bend apex, the core of maximum velocity is found near the bed at about the separation between the central and the outer‐bank circulation cells. Moreover, the presence of the counter‐rotating circulation cell allows the bank shear stress to maintain low values in the outer‐side of the bend. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.