bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of post‐emergence weed harrowing on selectivity, crop recovery and crop yield in different growth stages of winter wheat
Authors: RUEDA‐AYALA V P , RASMUSSEN J , GERHARDS R , FOURNAISE N E 
Published: June 2011

Rueda‐Ayala VP, Rasmussen J, Gerhards R & Fournaise NE (2011). The influence of post‐emergence weed harrowing on selectivity, crop recovery and crop yield in different growth stages of winter wheat. Weed Research51, 478–488.SummaryCrop tolerance and weed control in winter wheat were investigated to evaluate the influence of post‐emergence weed harrowing at different crop growth stages on selectivity, crop recovery and crop yield. The importance of growth stage was investigated in autumn (Denmark) and spring (Germany). Selectivity was chosen as a measure of the relationship between weed control and crop soil cover, with crop recovery as a measure of how crop yield was affected by soil cover in the absence of weeds. Selectivity was unaffected by crop growth stage in autumn and spring. In autumn, 80% weed control was associated with 6% crop soil cover, whereas in spring, 80% weed control corresponded to 26% crop soil cover. Crop recovery was higher in late growth stages in autumn and spring. With 25% crop soil cover, crop yield losses occurred in the ranges of 1–4% in autumn and 0.3–0.8% in spring. Weed control experiments revealed that the maximum crop yield response to harrowing was comparable with herbicide treatment. The average yield gain was 13% in autumn (Denmark) and 27% in spring (Germany). This study contributes parameter estimates that can be used in future models to evaluate optimum harrowing intensity.
Effects of phosphorus availability and genetic variation of leaf terpene content and emission rate in Pinus pinaster seedlings susceptible and resistant to the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis
Authors: Blanch J.‐S. , Sampedro L. , Llusià J. , Moreira X. , Zas R. , Peñuelas J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe studied the effects of phosphorus fertilisation on foliar terpene concentrations and foliar volatile terpene emission rates in six half‐sib families of Pinus pinaster Ait. seedlings. Half of the seedlings were resistant to attack of the pine weevil Hylobius abietis L., a generalist phloem feeder, and the remaining seedlings were susceptible to this insect. We hypothesised that P stress could modify the terpene concentration in the needles and thus lead to altered terpene emission patterns relevant to plant–insect signalling. The total concentration and emission rate ranged between 5732 and 13,995 μg·g−1 DW and between 2 and 22 μg·g−1 DW·h−1, respectively. Storage and emission were dominated by the isomers α‐ and β‐pinene (77.2% and 84.2% of the total terpene amount amassed and released, respectively). In both resistant and susceptible families, P stress caused an increase of 31% in foliar terpene concentration with an associated 5‐fold decrease in terpene emission rates. A higher terpene content in the leaves implies that the ‘excess carbon’, available under limiting growth conditions (P scarcity), is allocated to terpene production. Sensitive families showed a greater increase in terpene emission rates with increasing P concentrations, which could explain their susceptibility to H. abietis.
Effects of a prebiotic, Immunogen®, on feed utilization, body composition, immunity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in the common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) fingerlings
Authors: Ebrahimi Gh. , Ouraji H. , Khalesi M. K. , Sudagar M. , Barari A. , Zarei Dangesaraki M. , Jani Khalili K. H. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThis study evaluated the effects of a commercial prebiotic, Immunogen, on feed utilization, growth rate, immunity promotion and carcass composition of the common carp Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. The fingerlings were adopted for 2 weeks and then reared in triplicate groups in 250‐l tanks (n = 15 per tank with average initial weights of 11.12 ± 0.55 g). The fish fed on five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets containing different levels of Immunogen (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2.5 g prebiotic/kg diet) to apparent satiation thrice a day for 8 weeks. Weight gain showed no differences among the groups fed different Immunogen levels. Both feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio significantly (p < 0.05) increased with increasing Immunogen levels from 0.5 to 1.5 g/kg diet. The highest protein content (p < 0.05) was found in the fish fed a diet containing 2.5 g/kg prebiotic. Haematological parameters and plasma total protein concentration were also significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the fingerlings fed diets containing 1.5 and 2.5 g/kg prebiotic in relation to the control. The control fish contained the highest mean of total bacterial counts. The lowest mean (p < 0.05) of total bacterial counts was observed in the fish fed the diet containing 2.5 g/kg Immunogen. The present study reveals that a dietary Immunogen supplementation from 1 to 1.5 g/kg is capable to improve the feed efficiency and growth performance of C. carpio fingerlings as well as their resistance to A. hydrophila infection.
Adult diet and exposure to semiochemicals influence male mating success in Ceratitis rosa (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Quilici S. , Schmitt C. , Vidal J. , Franck A. , Deguine J. P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe Natal fruit fly, Ceratitis rosa (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major pest of fruit crops in Reunion island. The sterile insect technique (SIT), which has frequently been used against some fruit fly species, could also contribute to the control of this pest. However, mass‐rearing procedures and irradiation can strongly reduce the mating competitiveness of males. In this study, we investigated the influence of two essential oils [ginger root oil (GRO) and orange oil (OO)] on the males of C. rosa, in terms of attractiveness and effect on mating success. The influence of adult food regime on mating success of the males was also studied.During tests in choice situation between the two oils, mature males were more attracted to GRO compared with OO. This was not the case when males had not reached their sexual maturity, which indicates that this attractiveness is age‐dependent. The addition of proteins to the adult diet increased the mating competitiveness of the males, compared with males fed with sugar only. Males fed with a ‘full’ diet (sugar and hydrolysed yeast) accounted for 85% of all matings compared with 15% for those fed with a sugar‐only diet. Results were similar for wild males and for males from a laboratory‐reared colony. Exposure of the males to both types of oils significantly increased the mating competitiveness of sugar‐fed males, while only the exposure to GRO was able to increase that of males previously fed with a ‘full’ diet. This study provides promising results for the improvement of male competitiveness in the perspective of SIT programmes against C. rosa in the future.
Inference without significance: measuring support for hypotheses rather than rejecting them
Authors: Gerrodette Tim 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDespite more than half a century of criticism, significance testing continues to be used commonly by ecologists. Significance tests are widely misused and misunderstood, and even when properly used, they are not very informative for most ecological data. Problems of misuse and misinterpretation include: (i) invalid logic; (ii) rote use; (iii) equating statistical significance with biological importance; (iv) regarding the P‐value as the probability that the null hypothesis is true; (v) regarding the P‐value as a measure of effect size; and (vi) regarding the P‐value as a measure of evidence. Significance tests are poorly suited for inference because they pose the wrong question. In addition, most null hypotheses in ecology are point hypotheses already known to be false, so whether they are rejected or not provides little additional understanding. Ecological data rarely fit the controlled experimental setting for which significance tests were developed. More satisfactory methods of inference assess the degree of support which data provide for hypotheses, measured in terms of information theory (model‐based inference), likelihood ratios (likelihood inference) or probability (Bayesian inference). Modern statistical methods allow multiple data sets to be combined into a single likelihood framework, avoiding the loss of information that can occur when data are analyzed in separate steps. Inference based on significance testing is compared with model‐based, likelihood and Bayesian inference using data on an endangered porpoise,Phocoena sinus. All of the alternatives lead to greater understanding and improved inference than provided by a P‐value and the associated statement of statistical significance.
Seed and forage yield of advanced generation synthetics of berseem clover derived from partly inbred parents under different harvesting regimes
Authors: Iannucci Anna , Annicchiarico Paolo 
Published: June 2011

With 1 figure and 6 tablesAbstractSelfing of potential parents in outbred species could favour the elimination of deleterious recessive alleles and accumulation of favourable alleles with additive genetic effects. This study assessed the effects of five selfing levels (from S0 to S4) and two genetic bases (wide, six parental populations; narrow, three populations) on the seed and forage yields and the leaf/stem dry‐weight ratio of the Syn‐1 and Syn‐2 generations of synthetic varieties of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) obtained from parents selected for self‐fertility. The material was evaluated over 2 years in southern Italy under three crop management schemes. The management with one forage harvest at early flowering before seed harvest maximized both the seed and forage yields. One cycle of selfing produced the highest selection gains for the seed and forage yields. The genetic bases had less influence on production traits than the selfing levels, but the wide‐based synthetics tended to outyield the narrow‐based ones. The effects of the selfing generations and the genetic bases were largely additive and consistent across the treatments, years and generations of synthetics.
Identification of anthracnose resistance in yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) and its incorporation into breeding lines
Authors: Adhikari Kedar N. , Thomas Geoff , Buirchell Bevan J. , Sweetingham Mark W. 
Published: June 2011

With 3 tablesAbstractLupin anthracnose [caused by Colletotrichum lupini (Bondar) Nirenberg, Feiler & Hagedorn] first occurred in commercial crops in Western Australia (WA) in 1996 and severely affected the lupin industry, particularly in the northern grain belt of WA. Subsequent studies led to the identification of good sources of resistance to the disease in narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). However, a reliable source of resistance was lacking in yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) until recently. Screening of accessions obtained from various parts of the globe yielded three putative sources of resistance. Crosses were made between the resistant lines and other breeding lines. Consequently, several breeding lines have been developed with a partial resistance to the disease. This is the first report on the development of anthracnose resistance in yellow lupin. This level of resistance should provide enough protection to grow yellow lupin in southwest of WA as this region does not have blue lupin (Lupinus cosentinii Guss.), a perpetual natural host of the anthracnose pathogen.
Plasma cell infiltrates and renal allograft outcomes in indigenous and non‐indigenous people of the Northern Territory of Australia
Authors: ROGERS NATASHA M , LAWTON PAUL D , JOSE MATTHEW D 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT:Introduction:  Plasma cell‐rich rejection is a distinct histological phenomenon associated with poor renal allograft outcomes. Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander (ATSI) transplant recipients have poorer allograft survival and higher rates of acute rejection. We sought to determine whether a higher incidence of plasma cell‐rich infiltrates (PCIR) could account for poorer survival.Methods:  Renal transplant biopsies performed in recipients from the Northern Territory of Australia between 1985 and 2007 were reviewed and correlated with outcome. Biopsies were designated PCIR positive when plasma cells constituted >10% of the interstitial infiltrate.Results:  Four hundred and seventy‐seven biopsies from 177 recipients (108 ATSI) were performed. Median graft survival was shorter for recipients with PCIR: 4.0 years (interquartile range 2.18–6.41) versus 5.4 years (2.0–9.99) (P = 0.013). ATSI recipients had higher rates of plasma cell‐rich rejection (RR 1.76, 95% CI 1.43–2.17, P < 0.0001), which occurred earlier (251 vs 869 days, P = 0.03) compared with non‐indigenous recipients. On multivariate analysis, PCIR did not independently influence allograft survival. There was a correlation between PCIR and panel reactive antibody peak >20% (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.03–1.56, P = 0.025), ≥5 human leukocyte antigen mismatches (RR 1.91, 1.41–2.58, p < 0.0001), increasing post‐transplant infection rate (>10 infections RR 5.11, 1.69–15.5, P = 0.004), and subsequent death from septicaemia (RR 1.6, 1.17–2.18, P = 0.003).Conclusion:  PCIR is associated with infection and markers of chronic immunological stimulation but does not independently contribute to inferior renal allograft outcomes, even in ATSI recipients.
Prevalence of anxiety and depression among chronic bronchitis patients and the associated factors
Authors: DE MIGUEL DÍEZ JAVIER , HERNÁNDEZ BARRERA VALENTíN , PUENTE MAESTU LUIS , CARRASCO GARRIDO PILAR , GÓMEZ GARCÍA TERESA , JIMÉNEZ GARCÍA RODRIGO 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Patients with COPD, including those with chronic bronchitis (CB), have a high risk of suffering from psychiatric disorders. Although depression has always received greater attention in these patients, most of the published studies have been of poor methodological quality. Anxiety has received less attention than depression among COPD patients. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression among patients with CB and to identify associated factors.Methods:  This was a descriptive, epidemiological population‐based study. The study was based on individual data obtained from the 2006 Spanish National Health Survey. Subjects aged 40 years and over were selected for the study. Individuals with CB were identified using a specific questionnaire. Sociodemographic characteristics and health‐related variables were analysed.Results:  Of the 20 060 subjects selected, 1320 were categorized as having CB (6.5%). The prevalence of anxiety was 15.6% among subjects with CB and 9.4% among those without the disease (P < 0.01). Variables that were independently and significantly associated with anxiety among CB patients were female gender, increased age and concomitant comorbidities. The prevalence of depression was 15.9% among subjects with CB and 7.6% among those without the disease (P < 0.05). Variables associated with depression among CB patients were female gender, middle age, poorer self‐perception of health status, concomitant comorbidities, abstemiousness and the need for emergency room attendance in the previous year.Conclusions:  Anxiety or depression is around twice as frequent among CB patients as it is among those without CB. Variables associated with anxiety or depression among CB patients included female gender and concomitant comorbidities.
Prevalence of optical coherence tomography‐diagnosed postoperative cystoid macular oedema in patients following uncomplicated phaco‐emulsification cataract surgery
Authors: Vukicevic Meri , Gin Trevor , Al‐Qureshi Salmaan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:  Postoperative cystoid macular oedema is a complication of uneventful cataract surgery. Whereas improved surgical techniques have decreased the incidence of cystoid macular oedema, it remains a cause of unfavourable visual outcome following surgery. Fundus fluorescein angiography has been the ‘gold standard’ for diagnosing subclinical cystoid macular oedema; however, non‐invasive cross‐sectional imaging of the retina with optical coherence tomography may be equally effective at detecting the condition and offers the ability to quantify and repeat results over time.Design:  Prospective pre–post case series of patients undergoing routine phaco‐emulsification surgery.Participants:  Eighty consecutive patients (100 eyes) with cataracts and an age range of 40 to 90 years (mean 76.18).Methods:  Macular thickness of participants was determined using time‐domain optical coherence tomography preoperatively and after surgery at 1 day, 1 week, 4 weeks and 6 months. Optical coherence tomography was used to diagnose postoperative cystoid macular oedema.Main Outcome Measures:  Presence of cysts at the macula, identified by optical coherence tomography, in addition to foveal and macular thickness (µm).Results:  Cystoid macular oedema was present in 5% of eyes. Macular thickness increased after surgery and central foveal thickness increased by almost 7% but returned to preoperative levels after 6 months. Findings also indicate that patients who developed postoperative cystoid macular oedema had significantly thicker central foveal thickness of approximately 5% compared with those that did not.Conclusions:  Optical coherence tomography is a useful, non‐invasive diagnostic tool in determining subclinical cystoid macular oedema in uncomplicated cataract surgery patients and detects the presence of retinal thickening and intra‐retinal cysts very soon after surgery, thereby facilitating earlier diagnosis and treatment of postoperative cystoid macular oedema.
Intraocular pressure assessment after laser in situ keratomileusis: a review
Authors: Tsai Andrew SH , Loon Seng Chee 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper aims to review the current methods available for the measurement of intraocular pressure after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis for the correction of myopia. Searches were performed for studies that assessed or compared various methods of intraocular pressure assessment. There were 20 eligible studies that explored the use of pneumotonometry, pressure phosphene tonometry, rebound tonometry, dynamic contour tonometry, statistical modeling, mathematical formulae, ocular response analyzer and even measuring intraocular pressure on the nasal cornea. Our review shows that an ideal method would be one that is independent of corneal factors. Dynamic contour tonometry and pressure phosphene tonometry held promise in research settings. More studies need to be done to validate the new methods of intraocular pressure assessment, especially in glaucoma patients. It is important to empower laser in situ keratomileusis patients with knowledge of these difficulties and potential implications for the future.
American ginseng improves neurocognitive function in senescence‐accelerated mice: Possible role of the upregulated insulin and choline acetyltransferase gene expression
Authors: Shi Shun , Shi Reika , Hashizume Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2011

Aim:  To investigate the effects of American ginseng on neurocognitive function and glucose regulation in senescence‐accelerated mice.Methods:  Male senescence‐resistant inbred strains (SAMR1) and senescence‐prone inbred strains (SAMP10) mice were divided into five groups and fed either a control diet or an American ginseng‐supplemented diet (1% or 2% g/g) from 6 weeks to 10 months of age. Bodyweight, levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and grading scores were monitored every month and neurocognitive functions were evaluated at 9 months of age with a KUROBOX apparatus using a stress‐free positive cue task. Gene expressions of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor delta (PPAR‐δ), insulin, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the brain were measured by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays.Results:  American ginseng decreased FPG in SAMR1 mice, but increased FPG in SAMP10 mice. Correct visit ratios were higher in both SAMR1 and SAMP10 strains consuming an American ginseng‐supplemented diet. Gene upregulation of insulin and ChAT in the brain, but not of PPAR‐δ or APP, was evident in American ginseng‐fed groups.Conclusion:  Daily consumption of American ginseng induced an enhancement in neurocognitive function in senescence‐accelerated mice, which could be related to the upregulation of insulin and ChAT gene expression in the brain. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 123–130.
Visual and hearing impairment among rural elderly of south India: A community‐based study
Authors: R Deepthi , Kasthuri Arvind 
Published: June 2011

Aim:  Of India's population, 76.6 million (7.2%) are aged above 60 years. Increasing age is associated with increasing disability and functional impairments such as low vision, loss of mobility and hearing impairment. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to study the prevalence of hearing and visual impairment among a rural elderly population in South India and its association with selected variables.Methods:  This was a cross‐sectional study of elderly persons in two villages of Bangalore District, Karnataka, South India. Elderly persons identified were administered a questionnaire for assessment of demographic details, health and function related information. Visual acuity was checked using Snellen's E chart for distant vision. Hearing was assessed using pure tone audiometry.Results:  Two hundred and fifty‐seven (12.2%) of the population were elderly in these two villages. Seventy‐two (32.4%) of the elderly persons were facing problems completely or partially in at least one of the activities and 10 (4.5%) elderly persons had cognitive impairment. Sixty‐two (35.4%) of the elderly had low vision and 22 (12.6%) were blind. On assessment with pure tone audiometry, 117 (66.9%) of the elderly persons had some degree of hearing impairment. Forty‐three (24.6%) of the elderly had disabling hearing impairment. Forty‐seven (26.9%) of the elderly had combined low vision associated with hearing impairment and 18 (10.2%) had combined blindness along with hearing impairment. As age advanced there was a significant increase in visual, hearing and combined impairments.Conclusion:  Visual and hearing impairment are important health problems among elderly persons in rural areas of South India. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 116–122.