bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caseinophosphopeptide enrichment and identification
Authors: Zhu Yi‐Shen , FitzGerald Richard J. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryCaseinophosphopeptides (CPPs) were generated via tryptic hydrolysis of sodium caseinate followed by heat treatment (75 °C) at pH 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0. Calcium aggregation, ethanol precipitation and gallium immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) were applied to enrich the CPPs. Nano‐liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry was used for phosphopeptide separation and identification. The combination of gallium IMAC isolation with calcium and ethanol precipitation appears to be a useful tool in characterising the fate of CPPs in CN hydrolysates during thermal processing. CPPs appeared to be less susceptible to thermal modification when heat‐treated at pH 7.0 than at pH 6.0 and 8.0. Different extents of methionine oxidation occurred in the CPPs depending on heat‐treatment pH. The results herein may have important implications for the manufacture of CPPs and for the quality control of CPP products.
Dephytinisation of Sangak and Barbari bread made from different extraction rate flours increases iron and zinc bioaccessibility in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Shockravi Soodeh , Almgren Annette , Carlsson Nils‐Gunnar , Sandberg Ann‐Sofie 
Published: July 2012

SummaryBread is a staple food in many countries and an important source of iron and zinc. The bioavailability of these minerals is generally low because of the content of phytic acid. Traditional Iranian breads were prepared with flours of different extraction rates, Sangak at 93% and Barbari at 82%. Breads were dephytinised by addition of Aspergillus niger phytase during in vitro digestion. The effect upon iron and zinc bioaccessibility in the Caco‐2 cell model was investigated. The cellular uptake of iron and zinc was lower from Sangak, compared to Barbari, despite higher mineral content in Sangak. Dephytinisation of both breads increased iron uptake in the Caco‐2 cells (0.65 vs. 1.64 in Sangak and 0.77 vs. 1.97 ng mg−1 protein in Barbari). Zinc uptake increased from 0.98 to 2.8 in Sangak and from 1.4 to 2.9 ng mg−1 protein in Barbari. Thus, dephytinisation substantially improves iron and zinc bioaccessibility.
Changes in aromatic profile of fresh and dried fig – the role of pre‐treatments in drying process
Authors: Mujić Ibrahim , Bavcon Kralj Mojca , Jokić Stela , Jarni Kristjan , Jug Tjaša , Prgomet Željko 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe aromatic profile of volatiles in fresh figs (FF), fresh figs frozen in liquid nitrogen (NF) and dried figs (DF) (dark variety Petrovača Crna) was characterised by HS–SPME followed by GC–MS. Figs were dried in a pilot plant cabinet dryer using different pre‐treatments to preserve the dried fruit: sulphuring and immersion in a solution of citric acid and ascorbic acid (separately). The adaptability of thin‐layer drying models to whole figs was investigated. Fresh figs and fresh figs frozen in liquid nitrogen differed mainly in the amount of aldehydes. The highest abundance of volatile compounds in dried figs was found in figs pre‐treated with sulphur dioxide and the control, compared to samples immersed in the acid solutions. Preservation was the most successful for the group of terpenes and terpenic compounds, quite good for some esters and ketones, whereas aldehydes were not affected by the used pre‐treatment.
The identification of clinical and professional leadership activities of advanced practitioners: findings from the Specialist Clinical and Advanced Practitioner Evaluation study in Ireland
Authors: Elliott Naomi , Higgins Agnes , Begley Cecily , Lalor Joan , Sheerin Fintan , Coyne Imelda , Murphy Kathy 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimTo report a case study that identifies how leadership is enacted by advanced practitioners in nursing and midwifery and differentiates between clinical and professional leadership in advanced practice.BackgroundA national evaluation of advanced practitioners in nursing and midwifery was commissioned to inform policy makers' decision‐making about future developments in Ireland. Leadership is a key aspect of the advanced practitioner role. However, leadership in the advanced practice context is under researched and lacks empirical evidence on how advanced practitioners enact their clinical and professional leadership function in practice.DesignA multiple case study methodology was used to identify the leadership activities of advanced practitioners.MethodsPurposive sampling of advanced practitioners in nursing and midwifery across various specialities and health regions in Ireland was employed. Data sources included non‐participant observation of advanced practitioners, interviews with key stakeholders, and documentary evidence including audits, policies, and guidelines. Collectively these data were used to identify the leadership activities of advanced practitioners in practice. The study was conducted between December 2008–December 2010.ResultsSeven key activities that indicated clinical leadership and three key activities for professional leadership at advanced practice level were identified.ConclusionsThe leadership activities identified provide greater clarity in distinguishing between professional and clinical leadership and in specifying the nature and scope of leadership activities.
Mokken scaling of the Caring Dimensions Inventory (CDI‐25)
Authors: Akansel Neriman , Watson Roger , Aydin Nursel , Özdemir Aysel 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  To validate a Turkish version of the Caring Dimensions Inventory in a group of Turkish nursing students.Background.  There are no studies about how nurses or nursing students perceive caring in nursing in Turkey. There is also no valid and reliable instrument in Turkey for evaluating caring in nursing.Design.  Descriptive study design.Methods.  Using a convenience sample of nursing students (n = 266), standard forward‐back translation techniques were used with the Caring Dimensions Inventory. An expert panel considered the translations and provided content validation. A final version of the Caring Dimensions Inventory was tested with 10 nursing students, and we found no difficulties with the items in the instrument. Mokken Scaling analysis of the Caring Dimensions Inventory was used.Results.  A range of psychosocial and professional/technical items was included in the Mokken scale with ‘Providing privacy for a patient’ as the most endorsed (mean = 4·66) item and ‘Being with a patient during a clinical procedure’ being the least endorsed (mean = 3·87). There is a tendency for the most endorsed items to be psychosocial with the professional/technical items being less endorsed, with the exception of the least endorsed item ‘Being with a patient during a clinical procedure’ which is a psychosocial item.Conclusion.  The Turkish version of the Caring Dimensions Inventory is a reliable instrument for measuring nurses’ perceptions about caring.Relevance to clinical practice.  The results using the Caring Dimensions Inventory will help to identify how caring in nursing is perceived by nursing students in Turkey. Repeating this study in different groups such as working nurses will help to determine nurses who work in clinical settings perceive caring in nursing.
The locus of pain control in patients with lower limb ulcerations
Authors: Cwajda‐Białasik Justyna , Szewczyk Maria T , Mościcka Paulina , Cierzniakowska Katarzyna 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  (1) To analyse the distribution of pain control profiles of individuals suffering from the lower limb ulcerations. (2) To identify sociodemographic and clinical factors determine the locus of pain control in this group of patients.Background.  The locus of pain control can play a critical role in determining the quality of life in patients with lower limb ulcerations, and identification of individuals with an unfavourable pain control profile would enable the opportunity of offering them dedicated psychological counselling.Design.  Quantitative survey.Methods.  This study included 298 patients with lower limb ulcerations resulting from chronic venous insufficiency (n = 101), lower limb atherosclerosis (n = 98), or having mixed arteriovenous aetiology (n = 99). The study included the completion of the Polish version of the Beliefs about Pain Control Questionnaire.Results.  The most important role in the control of pain was assigned to the powerful others locus. This locus correlated directly with poorer educational level and higher professional activity. Additionally, the intensity of usual pain correlated inversely with the powerful others locus. Respondents’ age was the only sociodemographic variable decreasing the level of the internal locus. Moreover, the severity of usual and maximal pain and the area of ulceration correlated inversely with the internal locus of pain control. In contrast, the aetiology of lower limb ulceration did not affect significantly any of the dimensions of pain control.Conclusion.  The control of pain in ulceration patients is mostly determined by the support of medical personnel, which generally should be considered a negative finding.Relevance to clinical practice.  Determination of the locus of pain control should be included in the complex medical evaluation of individuals suffering from ulcerations.
Creep mechanisms of a new Ni‐Co‐base disc superalloy at an intermediate temperature
Authors: YUAN Y. , GU Y.F. , ZHONG Z.H. , OSADA T. , CUI C.Y. , TETSUI T. , YOKOKAWA T. , HARADA H. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe microstructures of a new Ni‐Co‐base disc superalloy, TMW‐4M3, before and after the creep test at 725 °C/630 MPa have been systematically investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crept microstructures were marked as three different deformation stages (I, II and III) corresponding to the gradually increased strain. At stage I, stacking fault (SF) shearing was the main deformation mechanism. The SF was extrinsic and lay on {111} plane. However, deformation microtwinning became the dominant mode at stage II and III. The average spacing of deformation twins decreased from 109 ± 15 nm at stage II to 76 ± 12 nm at stage III, whereas the twin thickness did not change significantly. The influence of stacking fault energy (SFE) of γ matrix on the deformation mechanism is discussed. It is suggested that lower SFE in TMW‐4M3 is partly responsible for the enhanced creep resistance.
Asexual evolution: do intragenomic parasites maintain sex?
Authors: CRESPI BERNARD , SCHWANDER TANJA 
Published: July 2012

Resolving the paradox of sex, with its twofold cost to genic transmission, remains one of the major unresolved questions in evolutionary biology. Counting this genetic cost has now gone genomic. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Kraaijeveld et al. (2012) describe the first genome‐scale comparative study of related sexual and asexual animal lineages, to test the hypothesis that asexuals bear heavier loads of deleterious transposable elements. A much higher density of such parasites might be expected, due to the inability of asexual lineages to purge transposons via mechanisms exclusive to sexual reproduction. They find that the answer is yes—and no—depending upon the family of transposons considered. Like many such advances in testing theory, more questions are raised by this study than answered, but a door has been opened to molecular evolutionary analyses of how responses to selection from intragenomic parasites might mediate the costs of sex.
Selective and hyperactive uptake of foreign DNA by adaptive immune systems of an archaeon via two distinct mechanisms
Authors: Erdmann Susanne , Garrett Roger A. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryCentral to the disparate adaptive immune systems of archaea and bacteria are clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). The spacer regions derive from invading genetic elements and, via RNA intermediates and associated proteins, target and cleave nucleic acids of the invader. Here we demonstrate the hyperactive uptake of hundreds of unique spacers within CRISPR loci associated with type I and IIIB immune systems of a hyperthermophilic archaeon. Infection with an environmental virus mixture resulted in the exclusive uptake of protospacers from a co‐infecting putative conjugative plasmid. Spacer uptake occurred by two distinct mechanisms in only one of two CRISPR loci subfamilies present. In two loci, insertions, often multiple, occurred adjacent to the leader while in a third locus single spacers were incorporated throughout the array. Protospacer DNAs were excised from the invading genetic element immediately after CCN motifs, on either strand, with the secondary cut apparently produced by a ruler mechanism. Over a 10‐week period, there was a gradual decrease in the number of wild‐type cells present in the culture but the virus and putative conjugative plasmid were still propagating. The results underline the complex dynamics of CRISPR‐based immune systems within a population infected with genetic elements.
Two intercellular signals required for fruiting body formation in Myxococcus xanthus act sequentially but non‐hierarchically
Authors: Konovalova Anna , Wegener‐Feldbrügge Sigrun , Søgaard‐Andersen Lotte 
Published: July 2012

SummaryStarvation‐induced fruiting body formation in Myxococcus xanthus depends on intercellular signalling. A‐signal functions after 2 h of starvation and its synthesis depends on the asg genes. C‐signal functions after 6 h of starvation and is generated by proteolytic cleavage of a precursor by the protease PopC. Previous gene expression studies suggested that the A‐ and C‐signal lie on a hierarchical pathway. Here we explored the causal relationship between the A‐ and C‐signal. The asgA and asgB mutants have reduced popC expression, PopC accumulation and C‐signal accumulation. popC expression was shown not to depend on A‐signal but on the AsgA and AsgB proteins. Restored popC expression in the two mutants rescued PopC and C‐signal accumulation as well as C‐signalling and the developmental defects of the two mutants without restoring A‐signalling. Based on these results we suggest that A‐ and C‐signal do not lie on a hierarchical, dependent pathway. Instead the A‐ and C‐signal act sequentially and without a causal relationship suggesting that they are linked by a shared timing mechanism, which ensures the early and late onset of A‐signalling and C‐signalling, respectively, during starvation. This pathway topology represents a novel architecture for bacterial intercellular signalling systems involving more than one signal.
Depositional processes beneath coastal multi‐year sea ice
Authors: MURRAY KATHERINE T. , MILLER MOLLY F. , BOWSER SAMUEL S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe extent of multi‐year sea ice impacts climate processes worldwide, such as ocean–atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange and deep ocean current formation. Reconstructing these processes in the past, and assessing the distribution of ecologically and climatically significant features, such as polynas, requires recognition of sediments deposited under multi‐year sea ice, but little is known about their characteristics. Textural analysis of subaerial and sea floor sediment in Explorers Cove, McMurdo Sound, at the mouth of Taylor Valley, Antarctica, augmented with observations of sedimentary structures and faunal components, elucidates how sediment is transported to the sea floor and allows characterization of the deposits. Comparison of grain‐size characteristics of subaerial (moraine, delta and sea‐ice surface) sediment and sea floor sediment from short cores taken at depths of 7 to 25 m indicates that the likely source of the moderately to poorly sorted sea floor sand is deltaic sediment; small glacial meltwater streams have built deltas since Taylor Valley became ice‐freeca7000 years ago. Windblown sediment accumulating on the multi‐year sea ice close to the coast typically is coarser grained than sediment on the sea floor; this suggests that the transport of sediment through the ice to the sea floor is not the predominant mode of sediment transfer. However, supra‐sea‐ice sediment does move to the sea floor through local fractures. The rate of sedimentation under multi‐year sea ice is low because of limited stream flow and biogenic sedimentation; the ice cover inhibits primary productivity and dampens waves, precluding physical re‐suspension. The upper centimetres of sea floor sediment are churned by epifaunal scallops and brittle stars that leave no telltale biogenic structures and whose calcite ossicles and shells may be poorly preserved. The resulting deposits under multi‐year sea ice are poorly sorted, massive sand that provides little evidence of the bioturbators that have masked the indicators of the original physical depositional processes.
A comparative study of clinical characteristics, work‐up, treatment, and association to malignancy in dermatomyositis between two tertiary skin centers in the USA and Singapore
Authors: Yosipovitch Gil , Tan Audrey , LoSicco Katherine , Manabat Catherine G , Kannagra Ajith , Carroll Christie , Chan Yiong Huak , Ng Patricia , Jorizzo Joseph 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground  To date, no study has compared the clinical characteristics, malignancy associations, and treatment of dermatomyositis in predominantly Caucasian vs. Asian populations.Materials and methods  This prospective study was conducted to compare clinical characteristics of dermatomyositis, its relationship to malignancy, and treatment between two tertiary medical centers in the USA and Singapore. A total of 19 newly‐diagnosed patients in the USA and 15 patients in Singapore were enrolled. Dermatomyositis or amyopathic dermatomyositis were diagnosed based on clinical assessment, skin and muscle biopsies, and muscle testing.Results  Ninety‐five percent of patients in the USA group were of Caucasian descent, while 93% of patients in the Singapore group were of Chinese descent. Both groups were predominantly female. Pruritus was the most common initial symptom reported in both groups, while periungual erythema and Gottron’s papules were the most common skin presentations. Heliotrope eruption was more common in the Singapore group, occurring in 80% of patients vs. 32% of patients in the USA group (P = 0.007). Three patients in the Singapore group developed a malignancy, with two of these patients having nasopharyngeal carcinoma. None of the USA patients developed malignancies in a follow‐ up period of 2–5 years. Immunosuppressive steroid sparing therapy with hydroxychloroquine was more frequently used in Singapore, while topical tacrolimus was more frequently used in the USA.Conclusion  The clinical presentations of dermatomyositis vary among different ethnic populations. Chinese patients with dermatomyositis have a significant risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Major histocompatibility complex class I chain related gene‐A microsatellite polymorphism shows secondary association with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease in North Indians
Authors: Kumar N. , Sharma G. , Kaur G. , Tandon N. , Bhatnagar S. , Mehra N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMicrosatellite polymorphism in exon 5 of major histocompatibility complex class I chain related gene‐A (MIC‐A) has been implicated in the etiology of autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD). In this study on North Indian population, the MIC‐A5.1 allele, carrying a premature termination codon in transmembrane region, was observed with increased frequency in T1D (29.6%, odds ratio OR = 2.1, P = 0.00017) and CD patients (40.3%, OR = 3.37, P = 1.67E‐05) than in controls (16.7%). When the MIC‐A5.1 association was adjusted for linkage with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR3, the statistical significance of the association was abolished. This implies that the observed association of MIC‐A5.1 is due to its linkage disequilibrium (D′ = 0.94) with HLA‐B8‐DR3‐DQ2 haplotype and is secondary to the overall association with DR3 positive MHC haplotypes.
New insights into the genetics of immune responses in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ruyssen‐Witrand A. , Constantin A. , Cambon‐Thomsen A. , Thomsen M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with a strong genetic component. Numerous aberrant immune responses have been described during the evolution of the disease. In later years, the appearance of anti‐citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) has become a hallmark for the diagnosis and prognosis of RA. The post‐translational transformation of arginine residues of proteins and peptides into citrulline (citrullination) is a natural process in the body, but for unknown reasons autoreactivity towards citrullinated residues may develop in disposed individuals. ACPAs are often found years before clinical manifestations. ACPAs are present in about 70% of RA patients and constitute an important disease marker, distinguishing patient groups with different prognoses and different responses to various treatments. Inside the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, some HLA‐DRB1 alleles are strongly associated with their production. Genome‐wide association studies in large patient cohorts have defined a great number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) outside of the HLA region that are associated with ACPA positive (ACPA+) RA. The SNPs are generally located close to or within genes involved in the immune response or signal transduction in immune cells. Some environmental factors such as tobacco smoking are also positively correlated with ACPA production. In this review, we will describe the genes and loci associated with ACPA+ RA or ACPA− RA and attempt to clarify their potential role in the development of the disease.
Differential executive functioning performance by phase of bipolar disorder
Authors: Ryan Kelly A , Vederman Aaron C , McFadden E Michelle , Weldon Anne L , Kamali Masoud , Langenecker Scott A , McInnis Melvin G 
Published: July 2012

Ryan KA, Vederman AC, McFadden EM, Weldon AL, Kamali M, Langenecker SA, McInnis MG. Differential executive functioning performance by phase of bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 527–536. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  This study examined the influence of illness phase on executive functioning performance using factor‐derived cognitive scores in a cross‐sectional design.Methods:  Healthy control (HC) subjects (n = 57), and euthymic (E‐BD) (n = 117), depressed (D‐BD) (n = 73), and hypomanic/mixed (HM/M‐BD) (n = 26) patients with bipolar disorder (BD) were evaluated using executive functioning measures (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail Making Test–Parts A and B, Verbal Fluency, Parametric Go/No‐Go, Stroop, and Digit Symbol) comprising Conceptual Reasoning and Set‐Shifting (CRSS), Processing Speed with Interference Resolution (PSIR), Verbal Fluency and Processing Speed (VFPS), and Inhibitory Control (IC) factor scores.Results:  Two of the four executive functioning factors were significantly different between groups based upon phase of illness. The HM/M group was significantly worse than both of the other BD groups and the HC group in IC. The VFPS factor was sensitive to the active phase of BD, with the HM/M‐BD and D‐BD groups worse than HC. Extending our prior work, the PSIR factor, and now the CRSS factor were significantly worse in BD relative to HC, irrespective of phase of illness.Conclusions:  Phase of illness had differential cognitive profiles in executive functioning factors, even after considering and excluding the impact of clinical features, illness characteristics, medications, and demographics. Consolidating executive functioning tasks into reliable factor scores provides unique information to measure and define cognitive deficiencies throughout phases of BD, and to measure intermediate phenotypes in BD, and may aid in tracking and clarifying treatment focus.