bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Left Main Bifurcation Geometry After a Single-Stent Crossover Technique
Authors: Kang Soo-Jin , Mintz Gary S. , Kim Won-Jang , Lee Jong-Young , Oh Jun-Hyok , Park Duk-Woo , Lee Seung-Whan , Kim Young-Hak , Lee Cheol Whan , Park Seong-Wook , Park Seung-Jung 
Published: June 2011

Background—
We assessed geometric changes responsible for acute lumen loss at the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) ostium after crossover stenting from the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) to the left main artery.

Methods and Results—

Twenty-three left main artery bifurcation lesions with a preprocedural angiographic diameter stenosis <50% at the LCX ostium were evaluated using prestenting and poststenting intravascular ultrasound pullbacks from both the LAD and the LCX. At the minimal lumen area (MLA) sites within the LCX ostium and at the LCX carina, the lumen, stent, plaque+media (P+M), and external elastic membrane (EEM) areas were measured; the EEM eccentricity was calculated at the LCX carina. The change in MLA within the LCX ostium (ΔL), the change in EEM area at the MLA site (ΔV), and the change in P+M area at the MLA site (ΔP) were calculated. The MLA within the LCX ostium significantly decreased from 5.4 mm
2
(first and third quartiles, 4.3 mm
2
, 7.2 mm
2
) prestenting to 4.0 mm
2
(3.0 mm
2
, 4.8 mm
2
) poststenting (
P
<0.001). The percent change in MLA within the LCX ostium correlated with changes in EEM eccentricity (
r
=−0.414,
P
=0.049) and percent change in EEM area at the MLA site (
r
=0.626,
P
=0.001). A smaller distal carina angle between the LAD and the LCX before stenting was associated with a greater percent reduction in lumen (
r
=0.472,
P
=0.023) and EEM (
r
=0.402,
P
=0.048) after stenting. In 18 lesions with >10% reduction of MLA within the LCX ostium despite the lack of direct relationship between ΔL and ΔP at the MLA site, ΔP closely correlated with the ratio of ΔV to ΔL (
r
=−0.953,
P
<0.001), suggesting that an increase in plaque at the LCX ostium contributed to the MLA loss relative to the decrease in EEM area.

Conclusions—
Lumen loss at the LCX ostium frequently occurred after crossover stenting from the distal LM to the LAD. The main mechanism was carina shift that was associated with a narrow angle between the LAD and LCX.
Temporal Trends in Cardiogenic Shock Treatment and Outcomes Among Ontario Patients With Myocardial Infarction Between 1992 and 2008
Authors: Abdel-Qadir Husam M. , Ivanov Joan , Austin Peter C. , Tu Jack V. , Džavík Vladimír 
Published: June 2011

Background—
Clinical trials have demonstrated that emergent revascularization improves survival of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS). However, rates of uptake and impact on outcomes remain uncertain.

Methods and Results—

We identified 9750 patients (3.1%) with CS among 311 183 AMI patients in the Ontario Myocardial Infarction Database between 1992 and 2008 (55.8% men; mean age, 73 years). CS incidence, mortality, revascularization, and transfers from nonrevascularization sites were studied over 3 periods: period 1, before the 1999 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association AMI guidelines recommending urgent revascularization for patients <75 years; period 2 (1999 to 2004); and period 3, after 2004 guideline revisions suggesting revascularization for patients ≥75 years. Compared with period 1, period 3 was marked by significantly lower CS incidence (3.4% versus 2.6%), increase in transfers from nonrevascularization sites (10.6% versus 23.9%), and adjusted 1-year mortality rates (81.9% versus 71.5%; all comparisons statistically significant). Admission to nonrevascularization sites was associated with lower revascularization rates (8.6% versus 46.6%,
P
<0.001) and higher adjusted 1-year mortality rates (78.8% [95% confidence interval, 77.4 to 80.2] versus 71.9% [95% confidence interval, 69.8 to 74.1]). Patients ≥75 years of age were less likely to be revascularized or transferred. The greatest increase in transfers from nonrevascularization sites occurred between periods 1 and 2 for patients <75 years (16.5% to 31.4%;
P
<0.001) and between periods 2 and 3 for patients ≥75 years (6.7% to 12.8%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Publication of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines was followed by increased revascularization and transfer rates, along with declining mortality rates among Ontario AMI patients with CS. These results highlight possibilities for further improvement, particularly among patients eligible for transfer from nonrevascularization sites.
Mesocirculation Associated with Summer Convection over the Central Antilles
Authors: Jury Mark R. , Chiao Sen 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The mesoscale structure of the circulation and convection over central Caribbean Antilles islands in midsummer is analyzed. Afternoon thunderstorms are frequent over islands such as Hispaniola and Jamaica as confluent trade winds circulate over heated mountainous topography. Observational data from a rain gauge network, profiles from aircraft and radiosonde, satellite estimates of rainfall, and mesoscale reanalysis fields are studied with a focus on July 2007. A statistical decomposition of 3-hourly high-resolution satellite rainfall reveals an “island mode” with afternoon convection. Trade winds pass over the mountains of Hispaniola and Jamaica with a Froude number &lt;1, leading to a long meandering wake. The Weather Research and Forecasting model is used to simulate climatic conditions during July 2007. The model correctly locates areas of diurnal rainfall that develop because of island heat fluxes, confluent sea breezes, and mountain wakes.
Climatology of a Summer Coastal Boundary Layer with 1290-MHz Wind Profiler Radar and a WRF Simulation
Authors: Levi Yoav , Shilo Elad , Setter Ilan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA study of the Israeli summer coastal boundary layer (BL) with a 1290-MHz wind profiler located 3.5 km from the coastline has revealed four main features associated with the sea-breeze onset: 1) by midday the boundary layer height drops by an average value of 250 m, 2) a sea-breeze calm zone (SBCZ) develops near the top of the onshore BL, 3) persistent strong downdrafts, with average values of 0.35 m s−1, invigorate from the BL top downward, and 4) a combination of the SBCZ and strong downdrafts may cause an elevated plume released from 250–300-m-tall coastal stacks to reach the ground only 3.5 km downwind. Results from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical weather model confirmed the development of a sea-breeze downdraft zone up to 4 km onshore. Such a zone, which was observed as a cloudless strip in satellite images [Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)], may be a result of persistent large BL eddies that develop to horizontal transverse rolls. Because the WRF-simulated downdraft magnitude is weaker by a factor of more than 5 than the profiler measurements, the magnitude of the downdrafts is inconclusive.
Committee Specialization in U.S. State Legislatures during the 20th Century: Do Legislatures Tap the Talents of Their Members?
Authors: Hamm Keith E. , Hedlund Ronald D. , Post Stephanie Shirley 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe authors use an informational-theoretical perspective to examine the appointment of legislative committees, using new measures of knowledge and expertise as well as a unique database. While competing theories (distributive and partisan) do not deny that legislative committees are a source of vital knowledge and expertise necessary for legislative policy making, information theory places the wisdom and expertise needs of collective decision making—that is, specialization—on very complex topics by legislative generalists as the raison d'être for a committee system. Thus, the authors investigate one of the fundamental arguments of information theory—that committees are formed to meet the basic knowledge and expertise needs of a legislative body. The findings from U.S. state legislative data indicate that significant member differences regarding prior knowledge and expertise exist by committee jurisdiction, state, and session, reinforcing the applicability of information theory while also suggesting the impact of setting and organizational factors. The authors also explore implications of these findings.
acDCs enhance human antigen–specific T-cell responses
Authors: Martinuzzi Emanuela , Afonso Georgia , Gagnerault Marie-Claude , Naselli Gaetano , Mittag Diana , Combadière Béhazine , Boitard Christian , Chaput Nathalie , Zitvogel Laurence , Harrison Leonard C. , Mallone Roberto 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDetection of human Ag-specific T cells is limited by sensitivity and blood requirements. As dendritic cells (DCs) can potently stimulate T cells, we hypothesized that their induction in PBMCs in situ could link Ag processing and presentation to Ag-specific T-cell activation. To this end, unfractionated PBMCs (fresh or frozen) or whole blood were incubated for 48 hours with protein or peptide Ag together with different DC-activating agents to rapidly and sequentially induce, pulse, and mature DCs. DC activation was therefore lined up with Ag recognition by neighboring T cells, thus telescoping the sequential steps of T-cell activation. Efficient processing of protein Ags made prior knowledge of epitopes and HLA restrictions dispensable. While reducing stimulation time, manipulation and blood requirements, in situ DC induction specifically amplified Ag-specific T-cell responses (cytokine secretion, proliferation, CD137/CD154 up-regulation, and binding of peptide-HLA multimers). IL-1β, although released by DCs, was also secreted in an Ag-specific fashion, thus providing an indirect biomarker of T-cell responses. These accelerated cocultured DC (acDC) assays offered a sensitive means with which to evaluate T-cell responses to viral and melanoma Ag vaccination, and may therefore find application for immune monitoring in viral, tumor, autoimmune, and transplantation settings.
AF1q/MLLT11 regulates the emergence of human prothymocytes through cooperative interaction with the Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Parcelier Aude , Maharzi Nesrine , Delord Marc , Robledo-Sarmiento Macarena , Nelson Elisabeth , Belakhdar-Mekid Halima , Pla Marika , Kuranda Klaudia , Parietti Veronique , Goodhardt Michele , Legrand Nicolas , Bernstein Irwin D. , Gluckman Jean Claude , Sigaux François , Canque Bruno 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe mechanisms regulating the emergence of BM prothymocytes remain poorly characterized. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses looking for genes expressed in human prothymocytes led to the identification of AF1q/MLLT11 as a candidate gene conceivably involved in this process. Analysis of AF1q protein subcellular localization and intracellular trafficking showed that despite pronounced karyophily, it was subjected to constitutive nuclear export followed by ubiquitin-mediated degradation in the centrosomal area. Using in vitro assays based on either forced expression or shRNA-mediated silencing of AF1q, we provide evidence that the protein promotes T- over B-cell differentiation in multipotent hematopoietic progenitors. At the molecular level, AF1q confers to multipotent progenitors an increased susceptibility to Delta-like/Notch-mediated signaling. Consistent with these findings, enforced AF1q expression in humanized mice fosters the emergence of BM CD34+CD7+ prothymocytes, enhances subsequent thymus colonization, and accelerates intrathymic T-cell development. In contrast, AF1q silencing provokes a global shift of BM lymphopoiesis toward the B-cell lineage, hinders prothymocyte development, inhibits thymus colonization, and leads to intrathymic accumulation of B cells. Our results indicate that AF1q cooperates with the Notch signaling pathway to foster the emergence of BM prothymocytes and drive subsequent intrathymic specification toward the T-cell lineage.
Reduced-intensity conditioning therapy with busulfan, fludarabine, and antithymocyte globulin for HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation in acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Lee Kyoo-Hyung , Lee Je-Hwan , Lee Jung-Hee , Kim Dae-Young , Seol Miee , Lee Young-Shin , Kang Young-Ah , Jeon Mijin , Hwang Hyun-Ju , Jung Ah-Rang , Kim Sung-Han , Yun Sung-Cheol , Shin Ho-Jin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAny role for reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) before hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–haploidentical donor remains to be defined. We therefore assessed 83 patients (age, 16-70 years): 68 with acute leukemia (including 34 in remission and 34 with refractory disease) and 15 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, in HCT trials using RIC with busulfan, fludarabine, and antithymocyte globulin. The HLA-haploidentical donors, offspring (n = 38), mothers (n = 24), or siblings (n = 21) of patients, underwent leukapheresis after receiving granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and donated cells were transplanted without further manipulation. Cyclosporine and methotrexate were given for GVHD prophylaxis. The cumulative incidences of neutrophil engraftment, grade 2 to 4 acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, and transplantation-related mortality after HCT, were 92%, 20%, 34%, and 18%, respectively. After a median follow-up time of 26.6 months (range, 16.8-78.8 months), the event-free and overall survival rates were 56% and 45%, respectively, for patients with acute leukemia in remission; 9% and 9%, respectively, for patients with refractory acute leukemia; and 53% and 53%, respectively, for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. HCT from an HLA-haploidentical family member resulted in favorable outcomes when RIC containing antithymocyte globulin was performed. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00521430 and #NCT00732316.
Systems analysis of multiple regulator perturbations allows discovery of virulence factors in Salmonella
Authors: Yoon Hyunjin , Ansong Charles , McDermott Jason E , Gritsenko Marina , Smith Richard D , Heffron Fred , Adkins Joshua N 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
Systemic bacterial infections are highly regulated and complex processes that are orchestrated by numerous virulence factors. Genes that are coordinately controlled by the set of regulators required for systemic infection are potentially required for pathogenicity.

Results
In this study we present a systems biology approach in which sample-matched multi-omic measurements of fourteen virulence-essential regulator mutants were coupled with computational network analysis to efficiently identify Salmonella virulence factors. Immunoblot experiments verified network-predicted virulence factors and a subset was determined to be secreted into the host cytoplasm, suggesting that they are virulence factors directly interacting with host cellular components. Two of these, SrfN and PagK2, were required for full mouse virulence and were shown to be translocated independent of either of the type III secretion systems in Salmonella or the type III injectisome-related flagellar mechanism.

Conclusions
Integrating multi-omic datasets from Salmonella mutants lacking virulence regulators not only identified novel virulence factors but also defined a new class of translocated effectors involved in pathogenesis. The success of this strategy at discovery of known and novel virulence factors suggests that the approach may have applicability for other bacterial pathogens.
Are there any changes in burden and management of communicable diseases in areas affected by Cyclone Nargis?
Authors: Myint Nyan Win , Kaewkungwal Jaranit , Singhasivanon Pratap , Chaisiri Kamron , Panjapiyakul Pornpet , Siriwan Pichit , Mallik Arun K , Nyein Soe Lwin , Mu Thet Thet 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
This study aims to assess the situation of communicable diseases under national surveillance in the Cyclone Nargis-affected areas in Myanmar (Burma) before and after the incident.

Methods
Monthly data during 2007, 2008 and 2009 from the routine reporting system for disease surveillance of the Myanmar Ministry of Health (MMOH) were reviewed and compared with weekly reporting from the Early Warning and Rapid Response (EWAR) system. Data from some UN agencies, NGOs and Tri-Partite Core Group (TCG) periodic reviews were also extracted for comparisons with indicators from Sphere and the Inter-Agency Standing Committee.

Results
Compared to 2007 and 2009, large and atypical increases in diarrheal disease and especially dysentery cases occurred in 2008 following Cyclone Nargis. A seasonal increase in ARI reached levels higher than usual in the months of 2008 post-Nargis. The number of malaria cases post-Nargis also increased, but it was less clear if this reflected normal seasonal patterns or was specifically associated with the disaster event. There was no significant change in the occurrence of other communicable diseases in Nargis-affected areas. Except for a small decrease in mortality for diarrheal diseases and ARI in 2008 in Nargis-affected areas, population-based mortality rates for all other communicable diseases showed no significant change in 2008 in these areas, compared to 2007 and 2009. Tuberculosis control programs reached their targets of 70% case detection and 85% treatment success rates in 2007 and 2008. Vaccination coverage rates for DPT 3rd dose and measles remained at high though measles coverage still did not reach the Sphere target of 95% even by 2009. Sanitary latrine coverage in the Nargis-affected area dropped sharply to 50% in the months of 2008 following the incident but then rose to 72% in 2009.

Conclusion
While the incidence of diarrhea, dysentery and ARI increased post-Nargis in areas affected by the incident, the incidence rate for other diseases and mortality rates did not increase, and normal disease patterns resumed by 2009. This suggests that health services as well as prevention and control measures provided to the Nargis-affected population mitigated what could have been a far more severe health impact.
Interoperabilität auf Feldebene
Authors: John Dirk , Jasperneite Jürgen 
Published: June 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die Feldebene ist die dem technischen Prozess am nächsten gelegene Ebene der Automatisierungspyramide. Bedingt durch Fortschritte in der Mikroelektronik und der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien werden die vernetzten Feldgeräte immer “intelligenter” und übernehmen zunehmend auch Automatisierungsfunktionen, die bisher anderen Ebenen zugeordnet waren. In dem Beitrag werden die beiden Interoperabilitätsaspekte Kommunikation und Anwendung von Feldgeräten betrachtet.
Review of Both Hands Tied: Welfare Reform and the Race to the Bottom of the Low‐Wage Labor Market
Authors: Gunderson Melissa A 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMelissa A. Gunderson reviews Both Hands Tied: Race to the Bottom of the Low‐Wage Labor Market by Jane L. Collins and Victoria Mayer. The authors examine the results of welfare “reform” through the eyes of thirty‐three women who participated in PRWORA programs in the state of Wisconsin.
Review of Launching the War on Poverty: An Oral History
Authors: Skidmore Max J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn oral history presents special characteristics. These require the author/editor (and any reviewer, as well) to adapt accordingly. There inevitably are many voices: in this instance, the voices of dozens of important officials who were intimately involved in the beginnings of the “war on poverty” and its development. The task is always to avoid a rambling and unfocused discourse. The author must select and secure the cooperation of the most valuable subjects, begin with carefully crafted questions to elicit the most important information and provide continuity, and then blend the voices sufficiently to produce a coherent work. Michael Gillette has succeeded brilliantly. His Launching The War on Poverty is an insightful look into the heart of what was one of the most energetic and broad‐ranging efforts in American history to deal sincerely with poverty.
Ribavirin Priming Improves the Virological Response to Antiviral Treatment in Transplanted Patients with Recurrent Hepatitis C: A Pilot Study
Authors: Merli Manuela , Giannelli Valerio , Gentili Federica , Giusto Michela , Simmaco Maurizio , Lionetto Luana , Corradini Stefano G , Biliotti Elisa , Attili Adolfo F , Rossi Massimo , Taliani Gloria 
Published: June 2011

Introduction Patients with hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation represent a clinical challenge. Antiviral treatment in transplant patients has usually poor tolerability and limited efficacy, with a mean sustained virological response (SVR) of 30%. Our pilot study was aimed at evaluating whether 8-week ribavirin pre-treatment could increase either adherence or antiviral effect of a 48-week combination therapy. Methods Ribavirin pre-treatment (8 weeks) was started with 600 mg daily and increased to 10.4 mg/ kg/day. After pre-treatment, 1.5 μg/kg/week pegylated interferon-α2b was added for 48 additional weeks of combination therapy. Blood count, liver function tests and plasma HCV-RNA were examined monthly. Ribavirin plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC. Results Thirteen patients (mean age 53 ±2 years, 11 males) were treated: eight were HCV genotype 1/4; five were genotype 2/3. The median baseline HCV RNA level was 6.5 log10 (range 5.84–7.42 log10). During ribavirin pre-treatment the median HCV RNA levels decreased significantly (5.7 log10; P=0.023). During combination therapy 6/13 (46%) patients exhibited a rapid virological response (RVR) and 10/13 (77%) patients a complete early virological response, two were non-responders. A decline of 0.5 log10 HCV RNA during pre-treatment predicted RVR. SVR occurred in six patients (46%): four were genotype 2/3. Stable ribavirin dose reduction was required in only two patients (15%) in whom transient interferon reduction was also required. Conclusion This proof-of-concept study indicates that ribavirin pre-treatment increased the tolerability of the antiviral treatment, and improved its efficacy in liver transplant patients. Moreover, the degree of HCV RNA decline during pre-treatment allowed one to predict on-treatment response.
La fin de l'aide publique au développement : mort et renaissance d'une politique publique globale
Authors: Severino Jean-Michel , Ray Olivier 
Published: June 2011

Résumé Le monde de l’aide internationale au développement fait face à trois révolutions concomitantes, qui concourent à l’émergence d’une politique véritablement mondiale. En premier lieu, cela se caractérise par un élargissement des objectifs qu’on lui demande de mener : aux objectifs traditionnels, qui sont de favoriser la convergence des nations en développement avec les économies industrialisées, se sont progressivement ajoutés ceux de financer l’accès aux services de base pour tous et de protéger les biens publics mondiaux. En second, face à cette nouvelle gamme de défis, le monde de l’aide au développement a montré sa capacité impressionnante à accroître le nombre et la diversité de ses acteurs. Troisièmement, les instruments utilisés se sont eux-mêmes multipliés, dans le sillage des innovations réalisées sur les marchés financiers dominants. Cependant, de façon surprenante, cette triple révolution des objectifs, des acteurs et des instruments n’a pas encore eu d’impact sur les méthodes de mesure des volumes financiers consacrés à cette politique publique mondiale émergente, ni sur les répercussions concrètes qu’elle vise à obtenir. L’article souligne le besoin de passer d’une mesure traditionnelle de l’aide publique au développement à la construction d’indicateurs plus clairs pour ce qui compte finalement : le financement et les résultats du développement mondial du XXI e siècle. Classification JEL : O10