bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-23R and TCR signaling drives the generation of neonatal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells expressing high levels of cytotoxic mediators and producing IFN-γ and IL-17
Authors: Moens Emmanuelle , Brouwer Margreet , Dimova Tanya , Goldman Michel , Willems Fabienne , Vermijlen David 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe immune system in early life is regarded as immature. However, the IL-12 family member IL-23 is highly produced upon TLR stimulation by neonatal DCs. Human adult Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be stimulated specifically via their TCR by phosphoantigens (as the pathogen-derived HMB-PP) or agents and infections that lead to their endogenous accumulation (as the aminobisphosphonate zoledronate). As increasing evidence indicates that γδ T cells are especially important in early life, we investigated the effect of IL-23 on neonatal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells stimulated via their TCR. Zoledronate induced clear proliferation and IFN-γ production in neonatal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. In contrast, HMB-PP did not elicit a distinct response unless at high concentrations. Addition of IL-23 to zoledronate enhanced the expression of IFN-γ and generated a distinct, IFN-γ-negative, neonatal Vγ9Vδ2 T cell population producing IL-17. Furthermore, IL-23 significantly enhanced the expression of a range of cytotoxic mediators (perforin, granzymes, granulysin). Although the costimulatory effect of IL-23 on IFN-γ and cytotoxic mediators was also observed within adult Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, the induction of an IL-17+IFN-γ– subset was unique to neonatal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. In conclusion, neonatal DC-derived IL-23 combined with specific TCR signaling drives the generation of neonatal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells equipped with a range of cytotoxic mediators and distinct subpopulations producing IFN-γ and IL-17.
Exocytosis of azurophil and arginase 1-containing granules by activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils is required to inhibit T lymphocyte proliferation
Authors: Rotondo Rita , Bertolotto Maria , Barisione Gaia , Astigiano Simonetta , Mandruzzato Susanna , Ottonello Luciano , Dallegri Franco , Bronte Vincenzo , Ferrini Silvano , Barbieri Ottavia 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTARG1, expressed by human PMNs, inhibits T cell proliferation by depleting extracellular l-arginine. Here, we report that ARG1, released from gelatinase granules by PMNs, is inactive at physiological pH unless activated by factor(s) stored in azurophil granules. Whereas ARG1 exocytosis was induced by TNF-α or ionomycin, only the latter mediated the release of both granules, resulting in extracellular ARG enzyme activity at physiological pH. Furthermore, after fractionation of the different classes of granules, only the mixture of gelatinase and azurophil granules resulted in ARG1 activity at physiological pH. The use of protease inhibitors indicated the involvement of a PMSF- and leupeptin-susceptible serine protease in ARG1 processing and activation. Finally, the supernatant of viable PMNs undergoing frustrated phagocytosis, which mediates gelatinase and azurophil granule release, inhibited T cell proliferation through ARG-dependent mechanisms. In vivo, high ARG1 concentrations and increased ARG enzyme activity, sufficient to inhibit T cell proliferation, were observed in synovial fluids from RA. These findings suggest that PMNs, recruited at sites of immune complex deposition, induce ARG1-dependent immune suppression through concomitant exocytosis of gelatinase and azurophil granules.
Interleukin-27 and interleukin-23 modulate human plasmacell functions
Authors: Cocco Claudia , Morandi Fabio , Airoldi Irma 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThis study tested the hypothesis that IL-27 and IL-23, two heterodimeric cytokines involved in physiological immune responses and immunological disorders, may function on human PC and plasmablasts. It was reported that IL-27 acts on human mature B cells, but the role of IL-27 and IL-23 in human PC remains to be established. Thus, we have asked whether these cytokines may modulate human PC functions using human PPC generated in vitro, PC isolated from tonsils, and BM. Here, we show for the first time that PC and PPC express complete IL-27R and that IL-27 exerts chemotactic properties on these cells and modulates different chemokines/chemokine receptors and secretion of IgM and IgG. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PC and PPC express both chains of IL-23R and IL-23 and exerted similar activity to IL-27 in terms of Ig production, while not inducing PC chemotaxis. These results may provide novel insight into the role of IL-27 and IL-23 in human B cell immune responses.
Injuries Associated With Cribs, Playpens, and Bassinets Among Young Children in the US, 1990–2008
Authors: Yeh Elaine S. , Rochette Lynne M. , McKenzie Lara B. , Smith Gary A. 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the epidemiology of injuries related to cribs, playpens, and bassinets among young children in the United States.

METHODS:
A retrospective analysis was done using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for children younger than 2 years of age treated in emergency departments in the United States from 1990 through 2008 for an injury associated with cribs, playpens, and bassinets.

RESULTS:
An estimated 181 654 (95% confidence interval: 148 548–214 761) children younger than 2 years of age were treated in emergency departments in the United States for injuries related to cribs, playpens, and bassinets during the 19-year study period. There was an average of 9561 cases per year or an average of 12.1 injuries per 10 000 children younger than 2 years old per year. Most of the injuries involved cribs (83.2%), followed by playpens (12.6%) and bassinets (4.2%). The most common mechanism of injury was a fall from a crib, playpen, or bassinet, representing 66.2% of injuries. Soft-tissue injuries comprised the most common diagnosis (34.1%), and the most frequently injured body region was the head or neck (40.3%). Patients with fractures were admitted 14.0% of the time, making them 5.45 (95% confidence interval: 3.80–7.80) times more likely to be hospitalized than patients with other types of injury. Children younger than 6 months were 2.97 (95% confidence interval: 2.07–4.24) times more likely to be hospitalized than older children.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study is the first to use a nationally representative sample to examine injuries associated with cribs, playpens, and bassinets. Given the consistently high number of observed injuries, greater efforts are needed to ensure safety in the design and manufacture of these products, ensure their proper usage in the home, and increase awareness of their potential dangers to young children.
Linkage Mapping and QTL Analysis of Agronomic Traits in Tetraploid Potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum)
Authors: McCord Per H. , Sosinski Bryon R. , Haynes Kathleen G. , Clough Mark E. , Yencho G. Craig 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the world's most important crops. Using a tetraploid population, we developed a linkage map using amplified fragment length polymorphism and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and searched for quantitative trait loci (QTL) via interval mapping and single‐marker analysis of variance. Quantitative trait loci were detected for flower color, foliage maturity, tuber skin texture, dry matter content, specific gravity, and yield. Most linkage groups were anchored to Solanum chromosomes using SSRs. The most significant QTL detected was for flower color. It was located on chromosome II and explained over 40% of the variation for this trait. This QTL most likely corresponds to the R locus for red anthocyanin production. We also confirmed the presence of QTL for foliage maturity on chromosomes III and V. For skin texture, a trait that has not been previously mapped in potato, we detected multiple QTL. One of these, found on chromosome III, explained 20% of the variation. By measuring specific gravity and dry matter independently we were able to detect QTL for these traits that did not co‐locate, even though the traits are strongly correlated. Yield QTL were detected on multiple chromosomes, including a novel one on chromosome III. Many QTL could be modeled as simplex or duplex with dominant effects, but a large number displayed additive or interallelic interactive effects. The mapping and modeling of traits in this tetraploid population could be improved by the use of more codominant markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Strategies for the Development of Core Collections Based on Ecogeographical Data
Authors: Parra‐Quijano Mauricio , Iriondo José M. , de la Cruz Marcelino , Torres Elena 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTEcogeographical data complement genotypic and phenotypic information on plant genetic resources and provide an alternative characterization when resources are scarce. Ecogeographical core collections can be created by directly characterizing georeferenced collecting sites or by assigning them categories from ecogeographical land characterization maps (CEM). Our objective was to determine the suitability of core collections based solely on ecogeographical data and the most appropriate combination of grouping and allocation methods in representativeness and simplicity. Using six Lupinus species as case studies and peninsular Spain and the Balearic Islands as workspace, we evaluated 16 ecogeographical core collections obtained by applying different grouping and allocation methods. Six core collection strategies met existing standard representativeness criteria and performed better than random selection of accessions. The Ward‐Modified Location Model (Ward‐MLM) and two‐step clustering (TSC) with proportional allocation strategy (P) produced the most representative core collections. Grouping according to CEM with P allocation also produced a highly representative core collection but through a simpler procedure. In conclusion, ecogeographical data can be used to create representative core collections with similar strategies to those used with genotypic or phenotypic data or simpler ones such as CEM, which is easy to apply and update.
Miniature Inverted‐Repeat Transposable Element Identification and Genetic Marker Development in Agrostis
Authors: Amundsen Keenan , Rotter David , Li Huaijun Michael , Messing Joachim , Jung Geunhwa , Belanger Faith , Warnke Scott 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTCreeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is an important species to the turfgrass industry because of its adaptation for use in high quality turf stands such as golf course putting greens, tees, and fairways. Creeping bentgrass is a highly outcrossing allotetraploid, making genetic marker development difficult. Genetic markers anchored to miniature inverted‐repeat transposable elements (MITEs) were developed in Agrostis that could be used in genetic linkage mapping, quantitative trait loci studies, or diversity analyses. The FindMITE software program identified 495 candidate MITEs from 16,122 Agrostis DNA sequences. There was evidence of transposition in 79 of the candidate MITEs based on MITE insertional polymorphisms. Genetic markers were developed by MITE‐display, a modified amplified fragment length polymorphism technique that anchors amplified fragments to MITEs. Four MITE‐display primer combinations were tested on a creeping bentgrass experimental mapping population and 139 polymorphic markers were developed with a polymorphic information content of 0.33. Twenty‐eight of the polymorphic genetic markers segregated normally. MITE‐display genetic markers are a new class of genetic markers for studies of the Agrostis genome. These genetic markers target transposable elements and provide an easy method of identifying allelic variation between Agrostis accessions that may be used for diversity studies or genetic linkage map development.
Effects of Nitrogen and 6‐Benzylaminopurine on Rice Tiller Bud Growth and Changes in Endogenous Hormones and Nitrogen
Authors: Liu Yang , Ding Yanfeng , Wang Qiangsheng , Meng Dexuan , Wang Shaohua 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTIn the present study, 40 mg L−1 N (NH treatment) and 20 mg L−1 6‐benzylaminopurine (6‐BA; BA treatment) were used to stimulate tiller bud growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The hormone changes in the tiller nodes and tiller buds and the N levels in the leaf blades, leaf sheaths, and tiller nodes were measured. The results indicate that N and 6‐BA promoted tiller bud germination and increased the indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin (Z) plus zeatin riboside (ZR) levels in tiller buds and tiller nodes but decreased the abscisic acid (ABA) levels in tiller buds. Before tiller bud germination, the IAA and Z plus ZR levels increased but the ABA did not change, suggesting that IAA and Z plus ZR but not ABA may be the key regulators of tiller bud growth. From 4 d posttreatment, the tiller bud growth of the BA‐treated plants markedly slowed but the buds of the NH‐treated plants continued to grow quickly. We also found that the N levels in the leaf blades, leaf sheaths, and tiller nodes of the NH‐treated plants increased significantly as compared to those of the control plants (the plants treated with 10 mg L−1 N). However, no significant differences in N levels were observed between the plants of BA and control treatments. This study suggests that N may regulate tiller bud growth in two ways: by regulating N metabolism and regulating endogenous hormones. External 6‐BA promoted tiller bud germination by regulating endogenous hormones, but tiller bud growth was not maintained because it could not increase the N levels in the plants.
Improving Birdsfoot Trefoil for Resistance to Fusarium Wilt
Authors: Miller‐Garvin J. E. , Hansen J. L. , Ehlke N. J. , Papadopoulos Y. A. , Smith R. R. , Bergstrom G. C. , Wunsch M. J. , Kalb D. W. , Tillapaugh B. P. , Crawford J. L. , Viands D. R. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTFusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. loti) is a serious disease of birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus L., reducing yield of forage and seed. In the early 1990s a breeding program was begun to breed a Fusarium wilt‐resistant birdsfoot trefoil. Our objectives were to (i) determine progress from recurrent phenotypic selection for resistance to Fusarium wilt in six birdsfoot trefoil populations and (ii) compare forage yield and persistence of Fusarium wilt‐resistant populations to unselected populations in field trials. Recurrent phenotypic selection was effective in improving resistance in the greenhouse, with mean improvement of 35% across all populations after three cycles of selection. In a field with high natural disease pressure, a population developed after two cycles of selection for resistance had lower levels of disease incidence and yielded 1.33 Mg ha−1 more than the mean of nine cultivars in the seeding year. The Fusarium wilt‐resistant population had 52% higher plant stand than the mean of the other cultivars at the end of the first production year. In a trial inoculated with the Fusarium wilt organism, two cycle 3 populations averaged 28% more yield by June of the fourth production year and 22 more plants per m2 than the mean of the unselected populations. Birdsfoot trefoil with resistance to Fusarium wilt yielded more and persisted longer than other cultivars under Fusarium wilt‐infested field conditions.
Association Mapping for Enhancing Maize (Zea mays L.) Genetic Improvement
Authors: Yan Jianbing , Warburton Marilyn , Crouch Jonathan 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTAssociation mapping through linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis is a powerful tool for the dissection of complex agronomic traits and for the identification of alleles that can contribute to the enhancement of a target trait. With the developments of high throughput genotyping techniques and advanced statistical approaches as well as the assembling and characterization of multiple association mapping panels, maize has become the model crop for association analysis. In this paper, we summarize progress in maize association mapping and the impacts of genetic diversity, rate of LD decay, population size, and population structure. We also review the use of candidate genes and gene‐based markers in maize association mapping studies that has generated particularly promising results. In addition, we examine recent developments in genome‐wide genotyping techniques that promise to improve the power of association mapping and significantly refine our understanding of the genetic architecture of complex quantitative traits. The new challenges and opportunities associated with genome‐wide analysis studies are discussed. In conclusion, we review the current and future impacts of association mapping on maize improvement along with the potential benefits for poor people in developing countries who are dependent on this crop for their food security and livelihoods.
Characterization of HMW Glutenin Subunits in Thinopyrum intermedium, Th. bessarabicum, Lophopyrum elongatum, Aegilops markgrafii, and Their Addition Lines in Wheat
Authors: Niu Z. X. , Klindworth D. L. , Wang R. R.‐C. , Jauhar P. P. , Larkin P. J. , Xu S. S. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTHigh molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits (GSs) play an important role in determining end‐use quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). They are also excellent protein markers for genotype identification. In this study, we analyzed the HMW‐GSs in Thinopyrum bessarabicum (Savul. and Rayss) Á. Löve, Th. intermedium (Host) Barkworth and D.R. Dewey, Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) Á. Löve, and A. markgrafii (Greuter) Hammer and genotyped eight sets of 44 disomic addition lines derived from these species in common wheat or durum wheat background using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and urea/SDS‐PAGE. A total of 20 unique alleles for HMW‐GSs were identified from the alien species. Among the eight sets of addition lines, only four addition lines carried the HMW‐GSs derived from alien species. In the wheat–Th. intermedium chromosome 1Ai addition line TA3649, the HMW‐GSs encoded by Glu‐D1 were not expressed while the alien HMW‐GSs were present, indicating that the Glu‐D1 locus might be lost or the alien chromosomes might have silenced the expression of the Glu‐D1 alleles. The wheat–Th. intermedium chromosome 7Ai long arm ditelosomic addition line, TA3659, carried two sets of HMW‐GSs (1Dx4+1Dy12 and 1Dx5+1Dy10) encoded by the Glu‐D1 locus. The results in this study also provided information on the alien chromosome donors and wheat parents for some disomic addition lines. Such information is useful for the development of molecular markers that will facilitate the introgression of desirable genes from the alien chromosomes into wheat genomes. The identified novel HMW‐GS alleles may serve as new genetic resources for wheat quality improvement.
Evaluation of a Heterogeneous Population of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Developed with Recurrent Mass Selection in an Ultradense Population
Authors: Hague S. , Smith C.W. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe pedigreed system is commonly used to develop improved genotypes of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.); however, this system can be resource intensive compared to mass selection methods. A project was initiated in 1995 to develop improved germplasm using recurrent mass selection in an ultradense plant population configuration. A composite population (CP) resulting from six cycles of selection was compared to two high‐performing cultivars at three plant population densities (203,858 plants ha−1, 101,929 plants ha−1, and 33, 975 plants ha−1). Traits of interest included lint yield, plant morphology, and fiber quality. Genotype had a significant effect on lint yield and fiber qualities. Population densities affected plant morphology. Lint yield potential of the CP was not competitive against cultivars at any of the three population densities. Fiber traits generally were unaffected by plant density. The CP was earlier maturing and plant height remained more constant across population densities in comparison to the two check cultivars. This type of recurrent mass selection system may be more effective if initial breeding lines with a high percentage of fixed alleles make up the initial population. The existing CP population may still have value as a source of individual plants with enhanced stress tolerance.
Shade and Traffic Tolerance Varies for Bermudagrass and Zoysiagrass Cultivars
Authors: Trappe Jon M. , Karcher Douglas E. , Richardson Michael D. , Patton Aaron J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) and zoysiagrass [Zoysia spp. (Willd.)] are two of the most commonly used turfgrass species in the southern United States. Shade from trees is common on golf courses and limits turfgrass growth. Additionally, turfgrasses used on golf courses and sports fields are often subjected to traffic. The objective of this study was to evaluate shade and traffic effects on bermudagrass and zoysiagrass. Two shade treatments were imposed, full sun or 49% shade, using a light reducing fabric. A Cady Traffic Simulator was used to implement traffic stress. The cultivars with the highest coverage in shade without traffic were ‘Cavalier’, ‘Diamond’, ‘El Toro’, ‘Meyer’, ‘Palisades’, and ‘Zorro’ zoysiagrass, as well as ‘Princess 77’ and ‘Riviera’ bermudagrass. ‘Patriot’, ‘Tifsport’, and ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass and ‘Zenith’ zoysiagrass typically had the lowest coverage. Patriot bermudagrass and Zenith zoysiagrass consistently had the lowest coverage in shaded trafficked plots. El Toro, Palisades, and Zorro zoysiagrass as well as Princess 77, Riviera, Tifsport, and Tifway bermudagrass had the highest coverage (>72%) when trafficked under full sun for 4 wk. Coverage in shaded plots was decreased more from traffic than full‐sun plots. Riviera and Tifway bermudagrass had the most coverage after 6 wk of traffic in full sun. These studies identified cultivars of bermudagrass and zoysiagrass that perform better under reduced light and traffic stress.
Diallelic Nuclear Microsatellites for Diversity and Population Analyses of the Allotetraploid Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)
Authors: Reichman Jay R. , Smith Bonnie M. , Londo Jason P. , Bollman Michael A. , Auer Carol A. , Watrud Lidia S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNine diallelic nuclear microsatellite loci were characterized and developed as markers for analyses of diversity and population biology in creeping bentgrass, Agrostis stolonifera L. (2n = 4x = 28, A2A2A3A3). They may also help with identification of bentgrass germplasm resources. Polymorphic loci were isolated from genomic libraries from A. stolonifera and from A. transcaspica Litv. (2n = 2x = 14, putative A3A3). Markers were characterized in 87 A. stolonifera individuals from six distinct population sources. Analysis of molecular variance indicated significant variation between crop and wild groups. Highly significant variation was observed among and within the six populations. Bayesian analyses with STRUCTURE resolved crop from wild genotypes and assigned individuals to clusters that corresponded to their sources, in agreement with principal coordinates analysis results. The markers also correctly identified intraspecific creeping bentgrass F1 hybrids. Cross‐species analyses were conducted on sexually compatible relatives A. gigantea R. (2n = 6x = 42, A1A1A2A2A3A3), A. capillaris L. (2n = 4x = 28, A1A1A2A2), and A. canina L. (2n = 2x = 14, A1A1 or possibly A2A2), plus A. transcaspica Seven markers were diallelic in A. gigantea Six of these markers were also diallelic in A. transcaspica, but not other species, suggesting that these loci are A3 genome specific. Results also support the hypothesis that A. transcaspica is the source of the A3 subgenome found in A. stolonifera and A. gigantea