bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CMOL implementation of spiking neurons and spike‐timing dependent plasticity
Authors: Afifi Ahmad , Ayatollahi Ahmad , Raissi Farshid 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSuccessful implementation of spiking neural networks onto CMOS‐Molecular (CMOL) architecture has already been proposed, but the ability of dynamic learning has not yet been addressed. Here, we propose a spiking neural topology with spike‐timing‐dependent learning ability and provide its basic building blocks that are easily mapped onto CMOL architecture. The learning method modifies state of synaptic switches, using spatially and temporally local information which is available at the synapse when state modification is performed.The performance of the proposed topology is analyzed with regards to pre‐ and post‐synaptic spike timing, and simulation results are provided for a synapse with spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity properties. Furthermore, its performance as spike‐timing correlation learning and synchrony detection in a small feed‐forward network is demonstrated as a case example. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐input‐voltage backlight module driver for multi‐lamp LCD panels
Authors: Lo Yu‐Kang , Pai Kai‐Jun , Wu Kuan‐Hung , Chiu Huang‐Jen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA half‐bridge (HB) resonant inverter for driving a backlight module with multiple cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) is proposed. Conventionally, a backlight module driving inverter is designed to operate with a low‐input DC voltage. Therefore, a buck converter is required to step down the high‐output DC voltage of a power factor correction (PFC) pre‐regulator. The circuit cost is high and the conversion efficiency is low. In this letter, a high‐input‐voltage HB resonant inverter with only one transformer is used to drive multiple lamps. Analysis and design considerations are discussed in detail. Simulations and experimental results are close to the theoretical prediction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A low‐power small‐area 10‐bit analog‐to‐digital converter for neural recording applications
Authors: Zarifi Mohammad Hossein , Frounchi Javad , Tinati Mohammad Ali , Farshchi Shahin , Judy Jack W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn vivo neural recording systems require low power and small area, which are the most important parameters in such systems. This paper reports a new architecture for reducing the power dissipation and area, in analog‐to‐digital converters (ADCs). A time‐based approach is used for the subtraction and amplification in conjunction with a current‐mode algorithm and cyclical stage, which the conversion reuses a single stage for three times, to perform analog‐to‐digital conversion. Based on introduced structure, a 10‐bit 100‐kSample/s time‐based cyclical ADC has been designed and simulated in a standard 90‐nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process. Design of the system‐level architecture and the circuits was driven by stringent power constraints for small implantable devices. Simulation results show that the ADC achieves a peak signal‐to‐noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 59.6 dB, an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 9.6, a total harmonic distortion (THD) of −64dB, and a peak integral nonlinearity (INL) of 0.55, related to the least significant bit (LSB). The ADC active area occupies 280µm × 250µm. The total power dissipation is 5µW per conversion stage and 20µW from an 1.2‐V supply for full‐scale conversion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of superharmonic injection locking in multiband frequency dividers
Authors: Plessas F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA superharmonic voltage‐controlled injection‐locked frequency divider, implemented using a modified Colpitts oscillator operating at 2.5, 5 and 10 GHz and a cross‐coupled LC oscillator operating at 1.25, 2.5 and 5 GHz, is demonstrated. The proposed triple‐band operation is achieved by employing a novel technique that uses pin‐diodes and negative power supply. The discrete dividers, built with low noise hetero‐junction FETs and high‐frequency SiGe BJTs, are described theoretically while their functionality is proven experimentally. Additionally, a short phase noise analysis, which is missing in the literature, is given. Phase noise, frequency range of operation, and locking range measurement results are presented. Finally, post‐layout simulation results of a 5 GHz fully differential injection‐locked frequency divider, implemented in a 0.25µm SiGe process are provided. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CMOS‐controlled inverting CDBA with a new all‐pass filter application
Authors: Metin Bilgin , Pal Kirat , Cicekoglu Oguzhan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study, new active elements called inverting current differencing buffered amplifier (ICDBA) and current‐controlled ICDBA (C‐ICDBA) are presented. Unlike current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA), their voltage transfer ratio between the Z and W terminals are equal to minus one. Furthermore, CMOS implementations of the C‐ICDBA and current‐controlled CDBA (C‐CDBA) are shown. Moreover, a novel first‐order all‐pass filter is proposed to show advantages and new circuit producing capability of the ICDBA/C‐ICDBA. Lastly, an electronically tunable band‐pass filter is given as an application example using the presented all‐pass filter. The measured and simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel single‐stage AC–DC converter with quasi‐resonant zero‐voltage‐switching for high power factor and high efficient applications
Authors: Kim Myung‐Bok , Park Ki‐Bum , Youn Myung‐Joong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA new single‐stage‐isolated ac–dc converter that can guarantee both high efficiency and high power factor is proposed. It is based on a new dc–dc topology that has prominent conversion ratio similar to that of boost topology so that it is adequate to deal with the universal ac input. In addition, since it utilizes the transformer more than others based on the general flyback topology, the size of whole power system can be reduced due to the reduced transformer. Moreover, the voltage stresses on the secondary rectifiers can be clamped to the output voltage by adopting the capacitive output filter and clamp diode, and the turn‐off loss in the main switch can be reduced by utilizing the resonance. Furthermore, since this converter operates at the boundary conduction mode, the line input current can be shaped as the waveform of a line voltage automatically and the quasi‐resonant zero‐voltage switching can be obtained. Consequently, it features higher efficiency, lower voltage stress, and smaller sized transformer than other topologies. A 100 W prototype has been built and tested as the validation of the proposed topology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recursive wideband digital integrator and differentiator
Authors: Gupta Maneesha , Jain Madhu , Kumar B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper a novel wideband recursive digital integrator and differentiator is presented. The integrator is obtained by interpolating three digital integration techniques and the new differentiator is obtained by modifying its transfer function appropriately. Both the integrator and the differentiator are of third order and highly accurate, thus suitable for real‐time applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A unified set‐theoretic approach to the analysis of PWL resistive circuits and composite N‐ports
Authors: Pastore Stefano , Premoli Amedeo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe consider the search for all DC solutions of resistive piecewise‐linear (PWL) circuits and the analysis of the characteristics of resistive PWL compositeN‐ports. These problems are unified from a theoretical and operating point of view by introducing the so‐calledN‐augmented circuit, obtained from theN‐port by closing its ports withNnorators. Set‐theoretic approach is used to describe the properties of theN‐augmented circuits leading to the formulation of a general DC analysis algorithm, based on linear programming techniques. The examples at the end of the paper show some practical and efficient application of the general DC analysis algorithm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust current control for boost PFC converters from a sliding mode viewpoint
Authors: Chu Grace , Tan Siew‐Chong , Tse Chi K. , Wong Siu Chung 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a methodology to derive a pulse‐width modulation (PWM) control for the inner current loop of the boost power factor correction (PFC) converter. The methodology is based on the general sliding mode control theory. It leads to a robust current control that achieves accurate input current tracking under all practical conditions. The design of the control parameters is also presented, which is based on the existence condition and the frequency response analysis. The derived control can be implemented in analog circuitries as an application‐specific controller or as an add‐on feedforward control embedded in standard PFC controller circuits. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pathological representation of the two‐output CCII and ICCII family and application
Authors: Soliman Ahmed M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe pathological mirror and nullor representation of the two‐output current conveyor family is given. New pathological mirror and nullor representations of the two‐output current conveyor family are given and compared with the corresponding nullator norator resistors' realizations. Simplified representations of the two‐output current conveyors based on using two single‐output current conveyors are given. Two examples are given, the first example demonstrates the importance of the pathological representation in the generation of a family of 16 oscillators from a two‐output current conveyor‐based current mode oscillator. A second example of a current mode low‐pass filter using two single‐output inverting current conveyors is considered. Its simplified modeling using a single balanced output inverting current conveyor is compared with the original current mode filter and the simulation results are given. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation and classification of CCII and ICCII based negative impedance converter circuits using NAM expansion
Authors: Soliman Ahmed M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA new simplified generation method of negative impedance converter circuits (NIC) is introduced. The generation method is based on nodal admittance matrix expansion starting from the input admittance of the NIC circuit terminated by a load rather than treating the NIC as a two‐port network element. The four pathological elements, namely nullator, norator, voltage mirror and current mirror, are used in the generation procedure. Two classes of the NIC pathological circuits are defined; each class includes two types. Eight pathological NIC circuits are generated for each class. Two alternative current conveyor and inverting current conveyor‐based realizations for each pathological circuit based on alternative pairing of the pathological elements are defined resulting in a total of 16 NIC circuit for each class and a total of 32 NIC circuits. A new NIC‐based circuits realizing floating negative impedances are also introduced. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An optimal approach to synchronize non‐identical chaotic circuits: An experimental study
Authors: Naseh Majid Reza , Haeri Mohammad 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe control signal magnitude and energy are among the limiting and therefore important factors to be addressed in the practical applications of a synchronization scheme. In this paper, we present an algorithm to find control parameters in an active sliding mode controller in order to reduce the control effort in synchronizing non‐identical chaotic systems. We also determine uncertainties bound on the systems dynamics for which the calculated control parameters still guarantee the occurrence of the sliding motion of the error states. The proposed controller was practically applied on an experimental setup, consisting of two chaotic circuits, which resembles Chen and Lu systems behavior. Experimental results confirm our theoretical reasoning as well as the effectiveness of the proposed control design technique. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between models predicting the evolution of the electrical impedance with frequency
Authors: Kluyskens V. , Dehez B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper explains and compares different models describing the evolution of the impedance of complex shaped conductors with low and with high frequencies. Indeed, at low frequencies, the evolution of the impedance of conductors with the frequency is negligible whereas at high frequencies, it is quite significant and generally well‐known. Parameterized models, based on the diffusion equation or on phenomenological approaches, are applied on complex shaped conductors, with a variable or not section. The parameters are found by identification with finite elements models. It is shown that simple phenomenological approaches gives accurate models with few parameters. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2D operators on topographic and non‐topographic architectures—implementation, efficiency analysis, and architecture selection methodology
Authors: Zarándy Ákos , Rekeczky Csaba 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTopographic and non‐topographic image processing architectures and chips, developed within the CNN community recently, are analyzed and compared. It is achieved on a way that the 2D operators are collected to classes according to their implementation methods on the different architectures, and the main implementation parameters of the different operator classes are compared. Based on the results, an efficient architecture selection methodology is formalized. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prolonged maturation of auditory perception and learning in gerbils
Authors: Sarro Emma C. , Sanes Dan H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn humans, auditory perception reaches maturity over a broad age range, extending through adolescence. Despite this slow maturation, children are considered to be outstanding learners, suggesting that immature perceptual skills might actually be advantageous to improvement on an acoustic task as a result of training (perceptual learning). Previous non‐human studies have not employed an identical task when comparing perceptual performance of young and mature subjects, making it difficult to assess learning. Here, we used an identical procedure on juvenile and adult gerbils to examine the perception of amplitude modulation (AM), a stimulus feature that is an important component of most natural sounds. On average, Adult animals could detect smaller fluctuations in amplitude (i.e., smaller modulation depths) than Juveniles, indicating immature perceptual skills in Juveniles. However, the population variance was much greater for Juveniles, a few animals displaying adult‐like AM detection. To determine whether immature perceptual skills facilitated learning, we compared naïve performance on the AM detection task with the amount of improvement following additional training. The amount of improvement in Adults correlated with naïve performance: those with the poorest naïve performance improved the most. In contrast, the naïve performance of Juveniles did not predict the amount of learning. Those Juveniles with immature AM detection thresholds did not display greater learning than Adults. Furthermore, for several of the Juveniles with adult‐like thresholds, AM detection deteriorated with repeated testing. Thus, immature perceptual skills in young animals were not associated with greater learning. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 636–648, 2010
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 5/10
Authors: Chen Yunying , Wermeling Fredrik , Sundqvist Johanna , Jonsson Ann‐Beth , Tryggvason Karl , Pikkarainen Timo , Karlsson Mikael C. I. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis issue's cover image is provided by Chen et al., the authors of “A regulatory role for macrophage class A scavenger receptors in TLR4‐mediated LPS responses” (pp. 1451–1460). The image depicts immunofluorescent staining of mouse spleen frozen sections and demonstrates that FITC‐conjugated heat‐killed E. coli are efficiently captured by spleen marginal zone macrophages – a process that is facilitated by MARCO expressed on macrophages.
Analysis of arginine and methylated metabolites in human plasma by field amplified sample injection capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Desiderio Claudia , Rossetti Diana Valeria , Messana Irene , Giardina Bruno , Castagnola Massimo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA CE ion trap tandem MS method was optimised for the analysis of arginine, monomethyl‐ and (symmetric and asymmetric) dimethylarginines in human plasma after a very reduced sample pretreatment step involving a simple protein precipitation with ACN. Several parameters affecting the analytes MS ionization and the capillary electrophoretic separation were carefully studied and optimised. The complete separation of arginine, monomethylarginine and symmetric and asymmetric dimethylarginine was obtained in formic acid BGE in short analysis time with high specificity due to MS2 detection of specific analytes fragments. In order to achieve the detection sensitivity suitable for the analysis of asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine in human plasma, the field amplified sample injection was applied. Due to stacking effects, this methodology allowed to operate a consistent on‐line preconcentration of the analytes before running the electrophoresis. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, recovery and accuracy and applied to the quantitative analysis of arginine, monomethyl‐ and dimethylarginines in human plasma of healthy subjects.
Linking transcriptomic and proteomic data on the level of protein interaction networks
Authors: Perco Paul , Mühlberger Irmgard , Mayer Gert , Oberbauer Rainer , Lukas Arno , Mayer Bernd 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntegration and joint analysis of omics profiles derived on the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome levels is a natural next step in realizing a Systems Biology view of cellular processes. However, merging, e.g. mRNA concentration and protein abundance profiles, is not straightforward, as a direct overlap of differentially regulated/abundant features, resulting from transcriptomics and proteomics, is for various reasons limited. We present the procedures for integrating omics profiles at the level of protein interaction networks, exemplified by using transcriptomic and proteomic data sets characterizing chronic kidney disease. On the level of direct feature overlap, only a limited number of genes and proteins were found to be significantly affected following a separate transcript and protein profile analysis, including a collagen subtype and uromodulin, both being described in the context of renal failure. On the level of protein pathway and process categories, this minor overlap increases substantially, identifying cell structure, cell adhesion, as well as immunity and defense mechanisms as jointly populated with features individually identified as relevant in transcriptomics and proteomics experiments. Mapping diverse data sources characterizing a given phenotype under the analysis on directed and also undirected protein interaction networks serves in joint functional interpretation of omics data sets.
Ground‐motion prediction by a non‐parametric approach
Authors: Peruš Iztok , Fajfar Peter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRecently, several new ground‐motion prediction equations (GMPEs) have been developed in the U.S.A. (the NGA project) and elsewhere. Unfortunately, the predictions obtained by using different models still differ considerably, although starting from the same database. In this paper, a non‐parametric approach, called the Conditional Average Estimator (CAE) method, has been used for ground‐motion prediction. The comparison between the CAE results and the predictions obtained by five NGA and one European model suggest that the model predictions depend substantially on the selection of the effective database and on the adopted functional form. Both decisions rely to some extent on judgement, and their influence is especially important at short distances from the source. The differences between the results obtained from the European and NGA databases seem to be of the same or even smaller magnitude than the differences observed between different NGA models, at least at short and moderate distances. Aftershocks in the database generally decrease the median values and increase dispersion. The non‐parametric CAE method has proved to be a simple but powerful tool for ground‐motion prediction, especially in a research environment. It can be used for quick predictions with different databases and different input parameters within the range of available data. It is easy to add to or remove data from the database, and to check the influence of additional input parameters. With availability of high quality data, the non‐parametric approach will become more reliable and more attractive also for practical applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 5‐year longitudinal study of the relationship between the wish to be thinner, lifestyle behaviours and disturbed eating in 9–20‐year old girls
Authors: Westerberg‐Jacobson Josefin , Edlund Birgitta , Ghaderi Ata 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe aim of this 5‐year longitudinal study of 593 girls (9–20‐year‐old) was to examine whether the internalization of the thinness ideal in terms of ‘a wish to be thinner’ might be related to lifestyle factors and longitudinally increase the risk of disturbed eating over time. Results showed that a wish to be thinner was related to lifestyle factors, eating attitudes and body mass index (BMI) longitudinally. Girls who wished to be thinner dieted more often, thought that they would be more popular if they were thinner, skipped meals, were eating breakfast more often alone and had a higher BMI compared to the girls without such a wish. Girls who wished to be thinner were 4 times more likely to develop disturbed eating attitudes over a 5‐year period. These findings point to the importance of helping adolescents to establish regular eating habits, to avoid unhealthy dieting practices and to prevent sedentary behaviours that might lead to overweight and or obesity in early childhood. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.