bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Medicine Clerkship Curriculum: An Update and Revision
Authors: Manthey David E. , Ander Douglas S. , Gordon David C. , Morrissey Tom , Sherman Scott C. , Smith Michael D. , Rimple Diane , Thibodeau Lorraine G. ,   on behalf of Clerkship Directors in Emergency Medicine (CDEM) Curriculum Revision Group
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn 2006, the latest version of a national curriculum for the fourth‐year emergency medicine (EM) clerkship was published. Over the past several years, that curriculum has been implemented across multiple clerkships. The previous curriculum was found to be too long and detailed to cover in 4 weeks. As well, updates to the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME)’s form and function document, which guides the structure of a clerkship, have occurred. Combining experience, updated guidelines, and the collective wisdom of members of the national organization of the Clerkship Directors in Emergency Medicine (CDEM), an update and revision of the fourth‐year EM clerkship educational syllabi has been developed.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:638–643 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Midazolam Versus Diazepam for the Treatment of Status Epilepticus in Children and Young Adults: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: McMullan Jason , Sasson Comilla , Pancioli Arthur , Silbergleit Robert 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground:  Rapid treatment of status epilepticus (SE) is associated with better outcomes. Diazepam and midazolam are commonly used, but the optimal agent and administration route is unclear.Objectives:  The objective was to determine by systematic review if nonintravenous (non‐IV) midazolam is as effective as diazepam, by any route, in terminating SE seizures in children and adults. Time to seizure cessation and respiratory complications was examined.Methods:  We performed a search of PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, American College of Physicians Journal Club, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts for studies published January 1, 1950, through July 4, 2009. English language quasi‐experimental or randomized controlled trials comparing midazolam and diazepam as first‐line treatment for SE, and meeting the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT)‐based quality measures, were eligible. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion and extracted outcomes data. Administration routes were stratified as non‐IV (buccal, intranasal, intramuscular, rectal) or IV. Fixed‐effects models generated pooled statistics.Results:  Six studies with 774 subjects were included. For seizure cessation, midazolam, by any route, was superior to diazepam, by any route (relative risk [RR] = 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27 to 1.82). Non‐IV midazolam is as effective as IV diazepam (RR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.19 to 3.36), and buccal midazolam is superior to rectal diazepam in achieving seizure control (RR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.29 to 1.85). Midazolam was administered faster than diazepam (mean difference = 2.46 minutes; 95% CI = 1.52 to 3.39 minutes) and had similar times between drug administration and seizure cessation. Respiratory complications requiring intervention were similar, regardless of administration route (RR = 1.49; 95% CI = 0.25 to 8.72).Conclusions:  Non‐IV midazolam, compared to non‐IV or IV diazepam, is safe and effective in treating SE. Comparison to lorazepam, evaluation in adults, and prospective confirmation of safety and efficacy is needed.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:575–582 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Immediate implants at fresh extraction sockets: an experimental study in the beagle dog comparing four different implant systems. Soft tissue findings
Authors: De Sanctis Massimo , Vignoletti Fabio , Discepoli Nicola , Muñoz Fernando , Sanz Mariano 
Published: June 2010

de Sanctis M, Vignoletti F, Discepoli N, Muñoz F, Sanz M. Immediate implants at fresh extraction sockets: an experimental study in the beagle dog comparing four different implant systems. Soft tissue findings. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 769‐776 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01570.x.AbstractObjectives: To evaluate whether different implants placed immediately upon tooth extraction may affect the dimension and composition of the peri‐implant soft tissues.Material and Methods: Eight beagle dogs received implants randomly installed into the distal socket of 3P3 and 4P4. Four commercially available implant systems were evaluated: 3i Osseotite Certain straight; Astra MicroThread™‐OsseoSpeed™; Thommen SPI Element®; and Straumann ITI standard. Each animal provided four test implant sites. All animals were sacrificed 6 weeks after implant placement, providing specimens for the evaluation of the soft tissue dimensions by histometric analysis.Results: The biological width at 6 weeks after implant placement consisted of a junctional epithelium measuring between 2 and 2.7 mm and a connective tissue component between 1 and 1.8 mm with no statistical differences among the four implant systems.Conclusion: This study failed to demonstrate differences in the soft tissue healing outcome when placing four different implant systems into fresh extraction sockets. Nevertheless, the length of the epithelium achieved with the four implant systems is longer than what has been reported when placing implants in healed‐ridge experimental models.
Multivariate analyses of patient financial systems and oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Johansson Veronica , Axtelius Björn , Söderfeldt Björn , Sampogna Francesca , Paulander Jörgen , Sondell Katarina 
Published: June 2010

Johansson V, Axtelius B, Söderfeldt B, Sampogna F, Paulander J, Sondell K. Multivariate analyses of patient financial systems and oral health‐related quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 436–444. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objectives:  Since 1999, the public dental health service (PDHS) in the county of Värmland, Sweden, has two co‐existing patient financial systems, i.e. ways for the patient to pay for dental care services. Alongside the traditional system of fee‐for‐service payment, i.e. paying afterwards for provided services, a new system of contract care is offered. In this system, dental care is covered by a contractual agreement, for which the patient pays an annual fee and receives care covered by the contract without additional costs. The aim of this article was to study whether patient financial system was associated with oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).Methods:  A questionnaire was answered by 1324 randomly selected patients, 52% from contract care and 48% from fee‐for‐service. The questionnaire contained questions about how much one was prepared to pay for dental care, how much one paid for dental care the previous year, OHIP‐14 (measured OHRQoL), dental anxiety, humanism of caregiver, SF‐36 (measured general health), multidimensional health locus of control, sense of coherence (SOC), self‐esteem and demographics. Data on patient financial system, gender and age were obtained from the sampling frame. The material was analysed with a hierarchical block method of multiple regression analysis.Results:  When controlling for all other variables, patient financial system was one of the strongest associations with OHRQoL: patients in fee‐for‐service had worse OHRQoL than those in contract care. OHRQoL was also associated with general health, SOC and to some extent also with psychological and economic factors. Of the social variables, only being foreign born was significant: it was associated with worse OHRQoL.Conclusions:  Patient financial system was associated with OHRQoL when controlling for confounding factors: patients in contract care had better OHRQoL than those in fee‐for‐service care.
Children’s oral health‐related behaviors: individual stability and stage transitions
Authors: Tolvanen Mimmi , Lahti Satu , Poutanen Raija , Seppä Liisa , Hausen Hannu 
Published: June 2010

Tolvanen M, Lahti S, Poutanen R, Seppä L, Hausen H. Children’s oral health‐related behaviors: individual stability and stage transitions. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 445–452. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – In 2001−2005 in Pori, Finland, a program of oral health promotion (OHP) was targeted to schoolchildren and people involved in their life to provide social support for participants of the experimental group of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) on controlling caries.Objectives: Our aim was to describe the individual stability and stage transitions for behaviors among children exposed to OHP in Pori and to ascertain whether these phenomena differed in the group that was also exposed to the experimental regimen of the RCT.Methods: The study population consisted of all 5th and 6th graders who started the 2001−2002 school year in Pori (n = 1691); 1362 of them were monitored throughout the 3.4‐year study. Of these children, 1138 were exposed to OHP and 224 to OHP and the experimental regimen of the RCT. Data on toothbrushing and use of xylitol products, candies, and soft‐ and sports drinks were gathered with questionnaires. Behavior variables were dichotomized into good and poor. The stability of behaviors and stage transitions was evaluated.Results: Over half of the children had stable behaviors throughout the study. For those children whose behaviors changed, the behavior was more likely to improve than to worsen. For most behaviors, good behavior at baseline was associated with the ability to maintain the achieved good behavior and to recover from lapses to poor behaviors.Conclusion: In childhood, behaviors, especially good ones, are rather stable. If healthy behaviors are learned young, lapses into poor behaviors, for instance during the teens, are likely be temporary rather than permanent.
Fluoridation and tooth wear in Irish adults
Authors: Burke F. M. , Whelton H. , Harding M. , Crowley E. , O’Mullane D. , Cronin M. , Kelleher V. , Byrtek M. 
Published: June 2010

Burke FM, Whelton H, Harding M, Crowley E, O’Mullane D, Cronin M, Kelleher V, Byrtek M. Fluoridation and tooth wear in Irish adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 415–421. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tooth wear in adults in Ireland and its relationship with water fluoridation. The National Survey of Adult Oral Health was conducted in 2000/2001. Tooth wear was determined using a partial mouth examination assessing the upper and lower anterior teeth. A total of 2456 subjects were examined. In this survey, increasing levels and severity of tooth wear were associated with ageing. Men were more affected by tooth wear and were more likely to be affected by severe tooth wear than women. It was found that age, and gender were significant predictors of tooth wear (P < 0.01). Overall, there was no significant relationship between fluoridation and tooth wear in this study.
Treatment options for hydroxyurea‐refractory disease complications in myeloproliferative neoplasms: JAK2 inhibitors, radiotherapy, splenectomy and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: Mishchenko Elena , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: June 2010

AbstractClinical care of patients with polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis (MF) requires not only a broad understanding of general treatment principles but also familiarity with the management of hydroxyurea‐refractory disease complications. The latter include progressive splenomegaly, symptomatic portal hypertension (e.g. ascites, variceal bleeding), pulmonary hypertension, bone pain, intractable pruritus, constitutional symptoms (e.g. fatigue, night sweats) and cachexia (i.e. loss of lean body mass, general ill health, poor appetite). Some of these symptoms are directly or indirectly related to extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) and others to proinflammatory cytokine excess. Results from recent clinical trials of JAK inhibitors suggest remarkable activity in MF‐associated constitutional symptoms, cachexia, pruritus and hydroxyurea‐refractory splenomegaly. Involved‐field radiotherapy is best utilized in the setting of EMH‐associated symptoms, including ascites, bone (extremity) pain and pulmonary hypertension. Splenectomy is indicated in the presence of drug‐refractory splenomegaly and frequent red cell transfusion requirement. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is used to alleviate symptoms of portal hypertension.
IL‐1 signalling determines the fate of skin grafts expressing non‐self protein in keratinocytes
Authors: Hadis Usriansyah , Leggatt Graham R. , Thomas Ranjeny , Frazer Ian H. , Kovacs Eva M. 
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: IL‐1 signalling determines the fate of skin grafts expressing non‐self protein in keratinocytes. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 723–729.Abstract:  Although IL‐1 is a known inflammatory cytokine during pathogen infection, the role of IL‐1 in skin graft rejection, particularly where foreign antigen is expressed exclusively in keratinocytes, is less understood. Here, we use a syngeneic skin graft system, where antigens are expressed in epithelial cells via either a keratin 14 or keratin 5 promoter, to explore the role of IL‐1 in graft rejection and induction of epithelial antigen‐specific effector CD8+ T‐cell function. Keratin 5 ovalbumin (K5mOVA) transgenic skin grafts destined for rejection demonstrated increased expression of IL‐1β and its receptors compared to K14 HPV16 E7 transgenic grafts that do not reject spontaneously. Rejection of OVA grafts lacking the IL‐1 receptor (IL‐1R1) was delayed and associated with decreased numbers of antigen‐specific CD8 T cells. In contrast, K14E7 grafts survived on immunocompetent, syngeneic recipients with decreased graft levels of IL‐1β and IL‐1R1 and 2. However, in the absence of the IL‐1 receptor antagonist, IL‐1Ra, skin grafts were spontaneously rejected and an E7‐specific CD8 T‐cell response was primed. Thus, expression of the HPV16E7 oncoprotein in epithelial cells prevents IL‐1β‐associated skin graft rejection and induction of antigen‐specific CD8 T‐cell responses. Enhancing IL‐1β signalling, via blocking of the IL‐1 receptor antagonist, may represent an alternative strategy for treatment of HPV16E7‐associated cancers.
Image‐processing chain for a three‐dimensional reconstruction of basal cell carcinomas*†
Authors: Scheibe Patrick , Braumann Ulf‐Dietrich , Kuska Jens‐Peer , Löffler Markus , Simon Jan C. , Paasch Uwe , Wetzig Tino 
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: Image‐processing chain for a three‐dimensional reconstruction of basal cell carcinomas. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 689–691.Abstract:  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant skin cancer. For a deeper insight into the specific growth patterns of the tumorous tissue in BCC, we have focused on the development of a novel automated image‐processing chain for 3D reconstruction of BCC using histopathological serial sections. For fully automatic delineation of the tumor within the tissue, we apply a fuzzy c‐means segmentation method. We used a novel multi‐grid form of the non‐linear registration introduced by Braumann and Kuska in 2005 effectively suppressing registration runs into local minima (possibly caused by diffuse nature of the tumor). Our method was successfully applied in a proof‐of‐principle study for automated reconstruction.
The effects of stream substratum composition on the emergence of salmonid fry
Authors: Sternecker K. , Geist J. 
Published: June 2010

Sternecker K, Geist J. The effects of stream substratum composition on the emergence of salmonid fry.  Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 537–544. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Salmonid fishes are target species for the conservation of freshwater habitats, but their natural reproduction is often insufficient. The emergence of fry is a crucial phase in the life cycle of salmonids and the stream substratum is the key habitat which regulates the emergence success. In this study, brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Danube salmon (Hucho hucho) eggs were exposed to different sediment textures and the emergence and the postemergence survival and growth were observed under constant water chemical conditions in the laboratory. In both species, textural effects on emergence rate, chronology of emergence, survival rate after emergence and growth after emergence were detected. Fine‐textured substratum (5–8 mm) formed a physical barrier to the posthatch migration of salmonids from the interstitial zone to the open water. The time period between the first and the last emerged fish was shorter in treatments with fine texture compared with coarse substratum. The survival rate was higher in treatments of coarser sediment. The effects of different textures on the growth of fry after emergence differed between brown trout and Danube salmon, which can be explained by different life history strategies. These results suggest that physical characteristics of substratum texture can have strong effects on salmonid emergence, and ultimately on the persistence of salmonid populations. They also suggest that biodiversity conservation in stream ecosystems can greatly benefit from an inclusion of the physical characteristics of the stream bed into catchment‐based management plans.
Effect of infants’ position on serum bilirubin level during conventional phototherapy
Authors: Donneborg ML , Knudsen KB , Ebbesen F 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim:  To compare the decrease in total serum bilirubin (TSB) concentration during conventional phototherapy in infants treated in supine position exclusively versus infants alternated between exposure in supine and prone position every third hour. Moreover, to survey current practice patterns in two Scandinavian countries as far as alternating exposure.Methods:  A total of 112 infants with non‐haemolytic hyperbilirubinaemia, but otherwise healthy, and a gestational age ≥33 weeks were randomized to one of the treatment groups. All infants received phototherapy for 24 h. TSB was measured at start of phototherapy and after 12 and 24 h of treatment. Questionnaires about routines for position changes in infants during phototherapy were sent to all 41 neonatal departments in Denmark and Norway.Results:  No statistically significant differences in the decrease in TSB were observed between the two treatment groups: at 12 h of therapy, TSB decreased 32% in both groups and at 24 h 49% and 50%, respectively. In two‐thirds of Danish and Norwegian departments, the infants were routinely turned during phototherapy, most often every third hours.Conclusion:  The decrease in TSB was not significantly associated with positioning of the infant during conventional phototherapy. Alternating exposure is widely practiced in Scandinavia but is unnecessary.
“Biological Restoration”: Root Canal and Coronal Reconstruction
Authors: CORRÊA‐FARIA PATRÍCIA , DE ALCÂNTARA CARLOS EDUARDO PINTO , CALDAS‐DINIZ MARCUS VINÍCIUS , BOTELHO ADRIANA MARIA , TAVANO KARINE TAÍS AGUIAR 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTAnterior tooth fracture, as a result of traumatic injuries, frequently occurs in dentistry. Proper reconstruction of extensively damaged teeth can be achieved through the fragment reattachment procedure known as “Biological Restoration.” This case report refers to the esthetics and functional recovery of extensively damaged central maxillary incisors through the preparation and adhesive cementation of “Biological Posts and Crowns” in a young patient. Both biological posts and crowns—post and dental fragment obtained through natural, extracted teeth from another individual—represent a low‐cost option and alternative technique for the morphofunctional recovery of extensively damaged anterior teeth.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe biological restorations are an alternative technique for reconstruction of extensively damaged teeth that provides highly functional and esthetic outcomes.(J Esthet Restor Dent 22:168–178, 2010)
Radiographic evaluation of alveolar ridge heights of dentate and edentulous patients
Authors: Canger Emin Murat , Çelenk Peruze 
Published: June 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00391.xRadiographic evaluation of alveolar ridge heights of dentate and edentulous patientsObjective:  To evaluate the reduction of residual alveolar ridge height on panoramic radiographs and the differences between denture wearers and non‐denture wearers.Materials and methods:  The study consisted of 147 individuals (74 men and 73 women) [50 were denture wearers and 50 non‐denture wearers (examination groups) and 47 of them were dentate (control group)]. Individuals having diseases impacting on bone were excluded. Vertical measurements were made at 15 sites (central incisors, first premolars and molars at the left and right of both jaws and the distance between the zygoma/orbit). MANOVA (multi‐variate analysis of variation) was used for the statistical analysis of the results.Results:  There were significant differences between the alveolar ridge heights of dentate and edentulous groups (p < 0.001). Between the denture wearer and the non‐denture wearer groups, there was significant difference in the lower jaw (p < 0.001), but no significant difference in the upper jaw (p = 0.635). There were also differences between men and women (p < 0.005) and upper and lower jaws at every measurement sites (p < 0.01).Conclusion:  Reduction in residual alveolar ridge height was in close relation with gender, denture usage and edentulousness.
Influence of the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium uncinatum on the persistency and competitive ability of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.)
Authors: Takai Tomoyuki , Sanada Yasuharu , Yamada Toshihiko 
Published: June 2010

AbstractInfluence of fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium uncinatum) on persistency and competitive ability of two cultivars of meadow fescue (MF; Festuca pratensis Huds.) was investigated in a 3‐year field trial under simulated intensive grazing. The two MF cultivars were “Harusakae” and “Tomosakae.” Each MF cultivar was grown as a monoculture or a mixture with white clover (two cultivars), orchardgrass or perennial ryegrass, with (E+) or without (E−) infection by the endophyte. In the monocultures and the mixtures with white clover or orchardgrass, endophyte infection (E+) resulted in higher proportions of MF than non‐infection (E−) mainly in the second and third years of the experiment, though the effect was not always significant. On the other hand, endophyte infection always had no effect on the proportion of MF mixed with perennial ryegrass. Annual herbage yield of the “Harusakae” monoculture was significantly higher in E+ than in E− in one year out of 2, whereas that of the “Tomosakae” monoculture did not vary with endophyte infection for 2 years. The results show that endophyte infection can increase persistency and competitive ability of MF plants in both monocultures and mixtures, though the effect in mixtures depends on the companion species.