bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process similarity and developing new process models through migration
Authors: Lu Junde , Yao Ke , Gao Furong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn industrial process may operate over a range of conditions to produce different grades of product. With a data‐based model, as conditions change, a different process model must be developed. Adapting existing process models can allow using fewer experiments for the development of a new process model, resulting in a saving of time, cost, and effort. Process similarity is defined and classified based on process representation. A model migration strategy is proposed for one type of process similarity, family similarity, which involves developing a new process model by taking advantage of an existing base model, and process attribute information. A model predicting melt‐flow‐length in injection molding is developed and tested as an example and shown to give satisfactory results. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Modeling cell adhesion to a substrate with gradient in ligand density
Authors: Sarvestani Alireza S. , Jabbari Esmaiel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSurface density profile of bioadhesive ligands greatly influences spreading and migration of cells on substrates. A 1D peeling model is developed to predict the equilibrium adhesion strength and peeling tension of a cell membrane, adhered on a substrate with linearly increasing density of ligands. Cell membrane is modeled as a linear elastic shell subjected to a tensile force applied at the free extremity and adhesive traction due to specific receptor‐ligand interactions with the substrate. Membrane peeling tension increased with gradient slope and reached an asymptotic limit independent of gradient slope but proportional to receptor‐ligand interaction energy. Peeling tension from substrates with negative gradient slope, at the rear edge of adhesion zone, was considerably lower than the tension from substrates with positive gradient slope at the leading edge, indicating that detachment is more likely to be initiated at the rear edge. This prediction leads to a possible mechanism for experimentally observed haptotactic locomotion of motile cells toward the direction of higher ligand density. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Vigilance in ursine black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus vellerosus): an examination of the effects of conspecific threat and predation
Authors: MacIntosh Andrew J.J. , Sicotte Pascale 
Published: July 2009

AbstractVigilance is thought to have evolved as an antipredator defense but, in primates, conspecific threat often better explains this behavior. We examined vigilance in one group of Colobus vellerosus inhabiting the Boabeng‐Fiema Monkey Sanctuary in Ghana. We aimed to (1) describe factors affecting vigilance in this population, and (2) examine the importance of predation avoidance and conspecific threat in explaining vigilance patterns. Because of a male takeover preceding the study, our focal group (B2) consisted of six adult males and three adult females. We collected 490 10‐min focal samples (82 hr) from all adults in the group (N=9) from July to November, 2001. To avoid predators, individuals should be more vigilant (i) with fewer neighbors, and (ii) in areas of the canopy with higher predation risks. Conspecific threats can be divided into extra‐ and intra‐group threats. Extra‐group threats should lead to higher vigilance levels (iii) during intergroup encounters, and (iv) in areas where the home range overlaps with other groups of colobus. Intra‐group threats should lead to greater vigilance (v) in the presence of neighbors and (vi) while feeding or occupying food patches (if resources are limiting). Our results best support the hypothesis that vigilance functions primarily to detect extra‐group, conspecific threats. Individuals were most vigilant during intergroup encounters and in areas of range overlap, and monthly vigilance rates were associated with monthly encounter rates. Individuals tended to scan less in proximity to familiar vs. unfamiliar group mates, suggesting that relationship quality may affect colobus vigilance. Finally, predation pressures or anthropogenic disturbances might have influenced vigilance, as individuals were more vigilant low in the canopy. However, this last result could also be due to the lower visibility because of dense foliage or to the fact that the monkeys have access to fewer escape routes when ranging lower in the canopy. Am. J. Primatol. 71:919–927, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Substantial early, but nonprogressive neuronal loss in multiple sclerosis (ms) spinal cord
Authors: Schirmer Lucas , Albert Monika , Buss Armin , Schulz‐Schaeffer Walter J. , Antel Jack P. , Brück Wolfgang , Stadelmann Christine 
Published: July 2009

AbstractResearch in multiple sclerosis (MS) has recently been focusing on the extent of neuroaxonal damage and its contribution to disease outcome. In the present study, we examined spinal cord tissue from 30 clinically well‐characterized MS patients. MS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and control spinal cord tissue were subjected to morphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry for markers of cell damage and regeneration. Data were related to disease duration and age at death. Here, we present evidence for substantial, nonprogressive neuronal loss on the cervical and lumbar levels early in the disease course of MS. Chromatolytic neurons and immunoreactivity for c‐Jun and GAP43 were observed in the ventral gray matter in and adjacent to actively demyelinating lesions, pointing toward neuronal damage and regeneration as an early response to lesion formation. Ann Neurol 2009;66:698–704
Intrathecal pathogenic anti–aquaporin‐4 antibodies in early neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Bennett Jeffrey L. , Lam Chiwah , Kalluri Sudhakar Reddy , Saikali Philippe , Bautista Katherine , Dupree Cecily , Glogowska Magdalena , Case David , Antel Jack P. , Owens Gregory P. , Gilden Don , Nessler Stefan , Stadelmann Christine , Hemmer Bernhard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe serum of most neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients contains autoantibodies (NMO‐IgGs) directed against the aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) water channel located on astrocyte foot processes in the perivessel and subpial areas of the brain. Our objectives were to determine the source of central nervous system (CNS) NMO‐IgGs and their role in disease pathogenesis.MethodsFluorescence‐activated cell sorting and single‐cell reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were used to identify overrepresented plasma cell immunoglobulin (Ig) sequences in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of an NMO patient after a first clinical attack. Monoclonal recombinant antibodies (rAbs) were generated from the paired heavy and light chain sequences and tested for target specificity and Fc effector function. The effect of CSF rAbs on CNS immunopathology was investigated by delivering single rAbs to rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).ResultsRepertoire analysis revealed a dynamic, clonally expanded plasma cell population with features of an antigen‐targeted response. Using multiple independent assays, 6 of 11 rAbs generated from CSF plasma cell clones specifically bound to AQP4. AQP4‐specific rAbs recognized conformational epitopes and mediated both AQP4‐directed antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement‐mediated lysis. When administered to rats with EAE, an AQP4‐specific NMO CSF rAb induced NMO immunopathology: perivascular astrocyte depletion, myelinolysis, and complement and Ig deposition.InterpretationMolecular characterization of the CSF plasma cell repertoire in an early NMO patient demonstrates that AQP4‐specfic Ig is synthesized intrathecally at disease onset and directly contributes to CNS pathology. AQP4 is now the first confirmed antigenic target in human demyelinating disease. Ann Neurol 2009;66:617–629
Chemische und physikalische Lösungen für die Speicherung von Wasserstoff
Authors: Eberle Ulrich , Felderhoff Michael , Schüth Ferdi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWasserstoff ist ein vielversprechender Energieträger für zukünftige Energiesysteme, allerdings ist seine Speicherung eine große Herausforderung, besonders beim Einsatz in Fahrzeugen mit Polymer‐Elektrolyt‐Membran‐Brennstoffzellen. Verschiedene Methoden der Wasserstoffspeicherung werden diskutiert, einschließlich der Hochdruck‐ und Flüssigwasserstoffspeicherung, der Speicherung durch Adsorption an Materialien mit großen Oberflächen, der chemischen Speicherung in Metallhydriden und komplexen Hydriden oder der Speicherung in Borwasserstoffverbindungen. Für die letzteren Lösungen sind sowohl reversible Methoden als auch die hydrolytische Freisetzung des Wasserstoffs mit späterer Wiederaufbereitung möglich. Ebenso ist die Reformierung von flüssigen, wasserstoffhaltigen Verbindungen ein möglicher Weg zur Wasserstofferzeugung. Die Vor‐ und Nachteile der verschiedenen Systeme werden einander gegenübergestellt.
Tuning the Composition of Guest Molecules in Clathrate Hydrates: NMR Identification and Its Significance to Gas Storage
Authors: Seo Yutaek , Lee Jong‐Won , Kumar Rajnish , Moudrakovski Igor L. , Lee Huen , Ripmeester John A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGas hydrates represent an attractive way of storing large quantities of gas such as methane and carbon dioxide, although to date there has been little effort to optimize the storage capacity and to understand the trade‐offs between storage conditions and storage capacity. In this work, we present estimates for gas storage based on the ideal structures, and show how these must be modified given the little data available on hydrate composition. We then examine the hypothesis based on solid‐solution theory for clathrate hydrates as to how storage capacity may be improved for structure II hydrates, and test the hypothesis for a structure II hydrate of THF and methane, paying special attention to the synthetic approach used. Phase equilibrium data are used to map the region of stability of the double hydrate in P–T space as a function of the concentration of THF. In situ high‐pressure NMR experiments were used to measure the kinetics of reaction between frozen THF solutions and methane gas, and 13C MAS NMR experiments were used to measure the distribution of the guests over the cage sites. As known from previous work, at high concentrations of THF, methane only occupies the small cages in structure II hydrate, and in accordance with the hypothesis posed, we confirm that methane can be introduced into the large cage of structure II hydrate by lowering the concentration of THF to below 1.0 mol %. We note that in some preparations the cage occupancies appear to fluctuate with time and are not necessarily homogeneous over the sample. Although the tuning mechanism is generally valid, the composition and homogeneity of the product vary with the details of the synthetic procedure. The best results, those obtained from the gas–liquid reaction, are in good agreement with thermodynamic predictions; those obtained for the gas–solid reaction do not agree nearly as well.
Observation of the Properties of a Single Unit of a Limited CDW Structure in a PtII/PtIV Host–Guest Binary System Based on a Square‐Shaped Complex
Authors: Hirahara Eri , Takaishi Shinya , Yamashita Masahiro 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA macrocyclic tetranuclear platinum(II) complex [Pt(en)(4,4′‐bpy)]4(NO3)8 (1⋅(NO3)8; en=ethylenediamine, 4,4′‐bpy=4,4′‐bipyridine) and a mononuclear platinum(IV) complex [Pt(en)2Br2]Br2 (2⋅Br2) formed two kinds of PtII/PtIV mixed valence assemblies when reacted: a discrete host–guest complex 1⋅2⋅Br10 (3) and an extended 1‐D zigzag sheet 1⋅(2)3⋅Br8(NO3)6 (4). Single crystal X‐ray analysis showed that the dimensions of the assemblies could be stoichiometrically controlled. Resonance Raman spectra suggested the presence of an intervalence interaction, which is typically observed for quasi‐1‐D halogen‐bridged MII/MIV complexes. The intervalence interaction indicates the presence of an isolated {PtII⋅⋅⋅XPtIVX⋅⋅⋅PtII} moiety in the structure of 4. On the basis of electronic spectra and polarized reflectance measurements, we conclude that 4 exhibits intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) bands. A Kramers–Kronig transformation was carried out to obtain an optical conductivity spectrum, and two sub‐bands corresponding to slightly different PtII–PtIV distances were observed.
Bemessung typischer massiver Bauteile des Kraftwerkbaus nach unterschiedlichen europäischen Regelwerken
Authors: Kunstein Jens , Jun Daniel , Klöker Titus , Gunkler Erhard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIm Zuge ihrer Expandierung erweitern die Energieversorger ihre Kraftwerkparks zunehmend im Ausland. Aus Gründen der Wirtschaftlichkeit werden die Kraftwerksneubauten dabei teilweise im sogenannten “Konvoi” errichtet. Aufgrund der in den europäischen Ländern unterschiedlich geltenden Normen ergeben sich aber unter anderem Unterschiede in der Bemessung und Dimensionierung der Stahlbetontragwerke. In diesem Beitrag werden diese Unterschiede exemplarisch zwischen den für Deutschland und für die Niederlande gültigen Normen, sowie nach den in Europa zukünftig verbindlich anzuwendenden Eurocodes untersucht.Design of typical massive concrete elements in power plants according to different European codes.In course of expansion the energy companies expand their plant areas more and more in foreign countries. Because of economy the new built plants are partly built in the so called “convoy”. Due to the different standards in European countries there could be some differences for the design of concrete structures. In the following article the differences between the valid German, Dutch and the future authentic applicable European standards for design of concrete structures are analysed.
A statistical thermodynamic approach for predicting the sequence‐dependent nucleosome positioning along genomes
Authors: Scipioni Anita , Morosetti Stefano , De Santis Pasquale 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNucleosomes are the fundamental repeating unit of chromatin and constitute the structural building blocks of the eukaryotic genome. The distribution of nucleosomes along the genome is a significant aspect of chromatin structure and influences gene regulation through modulation of DNA accessibility. For this reason, an increasing interest is arising in models capable of predicting the nucleosome positioning along genomes. Toward this goal, we propose a theoretical model for predicting nucleosome thermodynamic stability in terms of DNA sequence. The model, based on a statistical mechanical approach allows the calculation of the canonical ensemble free energy involved in nucleosome formation. The theoretical free energies were evaluated for about one hundred nucleosome DNA tracts and successfully compared with those obtained in different laboratories with nucleosome competitive reconstitution (correlation coefficient equal to 0.92). We extended these results to the nucleosome positioning along genomes. To test our model, the theoretical nucleosome distribution was compared with that of yeast genome experimentally determined. The results are comparable with those obtained by different authors adopting models based on identifying some recurrent sequence features obtained from the statistical analysis of a very large pool of nucleosomal DNA sequences provided by the positioning maps of genomes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 1143–1153, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Insulin adsorption into porous charged membranes: Effect of the electrostatic interaction
Authors: Zhang Shaoling , Tanioka Akihiko , Saito Keiichiro , Matsumoto Hidetoshi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractInsulin adsorption into a series of porous charged membranes was investigated by batch adsorption experiments, and the experimental results were analyzed by the homogeneous diffusion model. The membranes used in this study were prepared by pore‐surface modification of porous poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) membranes by grafting with weak acidic and basic functional groups. The amount of insulin adsorbed into the membrane was determined from the material balance of insulin. The insulin partition coefficient K between the membrane and solution was estimated from the equilibrium adsorption amount, and the effective diffusion coefficient D was estimated by matching the model with the experimental data as a fitting parameter. The dependence of K and D on the charge properties of the insulin and membrane is observed and discussed. The partition coefficient K increased when the insulin and the membrane carried opposite charges, on the other hand, the effective diffusion coefficient D was reduced. These results indicate that the electrostatic interaction between the insulin and the membranes played an important role in the insulin adsorption. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. 2009
Popliteal artery embolization with the Mynx closure device
Authors: Islam M. Ashequl , George Anil K. , Norris Marc 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSeveral different arterial puncture closure devices are available for use after cardiovascular procedures. The main advantages include decrease need of manual compression, reduce patient discomfort, and the time to ambulation. Access site complications are not rare after vascular closure device use. We report a case of popliteal artery emobilization after using an extravascular water soluble plug‐mediated vascular puncture closure device. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous versus surgical delivery of autologous myoblasts after chronic myocardial infarction: An in vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance study
Authors: Larose Eric , Proulx Guy , Voisine Pierre , Rodés‐Cabau Josep , De Larochellière Robert , Rossignol Guy , Bertrand Olivier F. , Tremblay Jacques P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground: Stem cell transplantation for chronic myocardial infarction (MI) provides variable benefits. Most clinical trials have relied on surgical delivery, where results are biased by simultaneous coronary bypass. When bypass is not indicated, percutaneous delivery may provide comparable efficacy with reduced risk. We evaluated in vivo by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) the effects of autologous myoblast (AM) transplantation on myocardial morphology, function, perfusion and scar, and compared percutaneous versus surgical delivery. Methods: Chronic MI was completed in 10 Yucatan mini‐pigs. Three months later, AM were injected in half by percutaneous NOGA® system and in the other half by surgical mini‐thoracotomy. CMR was performed at baseline and 6 months after transplantation. Results: Six months after injection, AM transplantation led to a 26.3% decrease in indexed left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (95% CI: 20.1–29.7%; P = 0.02), 25.5% thickening of the infarct‐related segment (IRS) wall (95% CI: 19.6–33.2%; P = 0.03), and 20.9% increase in left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction (95% CI: 15.8–28.4%; P = 0.03). Scar tissue within IRS decreased by 29.4% (95% CI: 19.2–37.0%; P = 0.03), whereas the number of nonviable segments decreased by 25.0% (95% CI: 16.4–32.6%; P = 0.04). Myocardial perfusion of IRS improved by 29.1% (95% CI: 19.7–36.1%; P = 0.04). The arrhythmogenic peri‐infarct zone increased by 33.2% (95% CI: 21.4–44.1%; P = 0.01) after AM transplantation. Benefits were similar by percutaneous or by surgical delivery. Conclusions: Comprehensive in vivo CMR reveals reversed remodeling and improved systolic function, perfusion, and scar characteristics after AM transplantation. A relative increase in the arrhythmogenic peri‐infarct border zone may explain previously reported arrhythmia. Percutaneous and surgical transplantation of AM both lead to comparable improvements in chronic MI. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increasing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer in the United States, 1988–2005
Authors: Chen Amy Y. , Jemal Ahmedin , Ward Elizabeth M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Studies have reported an increasing incidence of thyroid cancer since 1980. One possible explanation for this trend is increased detection through more widespread and aggressive use of ultrasound and image‐guided biopsy. Increases resulting from increased detection are most likely to involve small primary tumors rather than larger tumors, which often present as palpable thyroid masses. The objective of the current study was to investigate the trends in increasing incidence of differentiated (papillary and follicular) thyroid cancer by size, age, race, and sex.METHODS:Cases of differentiated thyroid cancer (1988‐2005) were analyzed using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) dataset. Trends in incidence rates of papillary and follicular cancer, race, age, sex, primary tumor size (<1.0 cm, 1.0‐2.9 cm, 3.0‐3.9 cm, and >4 cm), and SEER stage (localized, regional, distant) were analyzed using joinpoint regression and reported as the annual percentage change (APC).RESULTS:Incidence rates increased for all sizes of tumors. Among men and women of all ages, the highest rate of increase was for primary tumors <1.0 cm among men (1997‐2005: APC, 9.9) and women (1988‐2005: APC, 8.6). Trends were similar between whites and blacks. Significant increases also were observed for tumors ≥4 cm among men (1988‐2005: APC, 3.7) and women (1988‐2005: APC, 5.70) and for distant SEER stage disease among men (APC, 3.7) and women (APC, 2.3).CONCLUSIONS:The incidence rates of differentiated thyroid cancers of all sizes increased between 1988 and 2005 in both men and women. The increased incidence across all tumor sizes suggested that increased diagnostic scrutiny is not the sole explanation. Other explanations, including environmental influences and molecular pathways, should be investigated. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Application of Gegenbauer polynomial expansions to mitigate Gibbs phenomenon in Fourier–Bessel series solutions of a dynamic sphere problem
Authors: Kamm James R. , Williams Todd O. , Brock Jerry S. , Li Shengtai 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe utilize the inverse polynomial reconstruction (IPR) method to mitigate the Gibbs phenomenon observed in Fourier–Bessel (FB) series. Gibbs phenomenon is the oscillatory behavior that occurs near discontinuities when evaluating series solutions for Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue problems. We employ an approach that uses expansions of the solution in terms of Gegenbauer polynomials on each side of solution discontinuities, the location of which must be known in advance. The IPR solutions provide pointwise values that are more accurate than the truncated series solution, which are polluted by Gibbs phenomenon. We apply this method to discontinuous solutions of a time dependent, linear elastic spherical shell problem, for which a series solution is derived in terms of a FB expansion. For the loading conditions and material properties, we consider the Gibbs phenomenon in the FB solution for a perfectly elastic shell renders the numerically evaluated results unusable as an ‘exact’ solution for code verification analysis. We quantify the degree to which the IPR method eliminates the Gibbs phenomenon in the computed solution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.