bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An HLA-Presented Fragment of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Is a Therapeutic Target for Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Hawkins Oriana , Verma Bhavna , Lightfoot Stanley , Jain Rinki , Rawat Amit , McNair Sandy , Caseltine Shannon , Mojsilovic Aleksandar , Gupta Priyanka , Neethling Francisca , Almanza Othon , Dooley William , Hildebrand William , Weidanz Jon 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
This report describes a novel HLA/peptide complex with potential prognostic and therapeutic roles for invasive breast cancer. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mediates inflammation and immunity, and MIF overexpression is observed in breast cancer. We hypothesized that the HLA class I of cancerous breast epithelial cells would present MIF-derived peptides. Consistent with this hypothesis, the peptide FLSELTQQL (MIF19–27) was eluted from the HLA-A*0201 (HLA-A2) of breast cancer cell lines. We posited that if this MIF19–27/HLA-A2 complex was exclusively found in invasive breast cancer, it could be a useful prognostic indicator. To assess the presentation of MIF peptides by the HLA of various cells and tissues, mice were immunized with the MIF19–27/HLA-A2 complex. The resulting mAb (RL21A) stained invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) but not ductal carcinoma in situ, fibroadenoma, or normal breast tissues. RL21A did not stain WBCs (total WBCs) or normal tissues from deceased HLA-A2 donors, substantiating the tumor-specific nature of this MIF/HLA complex. As this MIF/HLA complex appeared specific to the surface of IDC, RL21A was tested as an immunotherapeutic for breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, RL21A killed the MDA-MB-231 cell line via complement and induction of apoptosis. In an in vivo orthotopic mouse model, administration of RL21A reduced MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 tumor burden by 5-fold and by &gt;2-fold, respectively. In summary, HLA-presented MIF peptides show promise as prognostic cell surface indicators for IDC and as targets for immunotherapeutic intervention.
NK Cells Are Effectors for Resolvin E1 in the Timely Resolution of Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Haworth Oliver , Cernadas Manuela , Levy Bruce D. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Immune responses are pathologically sustained in several common diseases, including asthma. To determine endogenous proresolving mechanisms for adaptive immune responses, we used a murine model of self-limited allergic airway inflammation. After cessation of allergen exposure, eosinophils and T cells were cleared concomitant with the appearance of increased numbers of NK cells in the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes. The mediastinal lymph node NK cells were activated, expressing CD27, CD11b, CD69, CD107a, and IFN-γ. NK cell depletion disrupted the endogenous resolution program, leading to delayed clearance of airway eosinophils and Ag-specific CD4+ T cells. NK cell trafficking to inflamed tissues for resolution was dependent upon CXCR3 and CD62L. During resolution, eosinophils and Ag-specific CD4+ T cells expressed NKG2D ligands, and a blocking Ab for the NKG2D receptor delayed clearance of these leukocytes. Of interest, NK cells expressed CMKLR1, a receptor for the proresolving mediator resolvin E1, and depletion of NK cells decreased resolvin E1-mediated resolution of allergic inflammation. Resolvin E1 regulated NK cell migration in vivo and NK cell cytotoxicity in vitro. Together, these findings indicate new functions in catabasis for NK cells that can also serve as targets for proresolving mediators in the resolution of adaptive immunity.
Inflammation-Associated Autophagy-Related Programmed Necrotic Death of Human Neutrophils Characterized by Organelle Fusion Events
Authors: Mihalache Cristina C. , Yousefi Shida , Conus Sébastien , Villiger Peter M. , Schneider E. Marion , Simon Hans-Uwe 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The most common form of neutrophil death, under both physiological and inflammatory conditions, is apoptosis. In this study, we report a novel form of programmed necrotic cell death, associated with cytoplasmic organelle fusion events, that occurs in neutrophils exposed to GM-CSF and other inflammatory cytokines upon ligation of CD44. Strikingly, this type of neutrophil death requires PI3K activation, a signaling event usually involved in cellular survival pathways. In the death pathway reported in this study, PI3K is required for the generation of reactive oxygen species, which somehow trigger the generation of large cytoplasmic vacuoles, generated by the fusion of CD44-containing endosomes with autophagosomes and secondary, but not primary, granules. Neutrophils demonstrating vacuolization undergo rapid cell death that depends on receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase activity and papain family protease(s), but not caspases, that are most likely activated and released, respectively, during or as a consequence of organelle fusion. Vacuolized neutrophils are present in infectious and autoimmune diseases under in vivo conditions. Moreover, isolated neutrophils from such patients are highly sensitive toward CD44-mediated PI3K activation, reactive oxygen species production, and cell death, suggesting that the newly described autophagy-related form of programmed neutrophil necrosis plays an important role in inflammatory responses.
Selective T Cell Expansion during Aging of CD8 Memory Repertoires to Influenza Revealed by Modeling
Authors: Naumov Yuri N. , Naumova Elena N. , Yassai Maryam B. , Gorski Jack 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The aging of T cell memory is often considered in terms of senescence, a process viewed as decay and loss of memory T cells. How senescence would affect memory is a function of the initial structure of the memory repertoire and whether the clonotypes that make up the repertoire decay at random. We examine this issue using the T cell memory generated to the conserved influenza A epitope M158–66, which induces a strong, focused, but polyclonal CD8 T cell response in HLA-A2 individuals. We analyzed the CD8 T cell memory repertoires in eight healthy middle-aged and eight healthy older blood donors representing an average age difference of ∼27 y. Although the repertoires show broadly similar clonotype distributions, the number of observable clonotypes decreases significantly. This decrease disproportionally affects low-frequency clonotypes. Rank frequency analysis shows the same two-component clonotype distribution described earlier for these repertoires. The first component includes lower frequency clonotypes for which distribution can be described by a power law. The slope of this first component is significantly steeper in the older cohort. Generating a representative repertoire for each healthy cohort allowed agent-based modeling of the aging process. Interestingly, simple senescence of middle-aged repertoires is insufficient to describe the older clonotype distribution. Rather, a selective clonotype expansion must be included to achieve the best fit. We propose that responses to periodic virus exposure may drive such expansion, ensuring that the remaining clonotypes are optimized for continued protection.
Comparison of N fertilizer, source-separated municipal solid waste compost and semi-solid beef manure on the nutrient concentration in boot-stage barley and wheat tissue
Authors: Rodd A. V. , Warman P. R. , Hicklenton P. , Webb K. 
Published: April 2011

Composting of source-separated municipal solid waste (SSMSW) is an option currently used to divert refuse from landfills. There is interest in using this material to alleviate soil constraints. Since many livestock producers ensile their cereals, after harvesting at boot-stage, the purpose of this project was to determine the effect that SSMSW compost and semi-solid beef manure, with and without supplemental N fertilizer, would have on the concent ration of minerals in this feed. The addition of N fertilizer increased the concentration of N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, and Zn in boot-stage tissue of barley in 1996 and wheat in 1997, but only increased the concentration of B in wheat tissue. Cereal boot-stage N, K, and Mn concentrations were higher in the manure than compost-amended plots. However, boot-stage Mg and Cu concentrations tended to be higher in the compost-amended plots. As manure addition increased, the concentration of N and K in barley and wheat , Ca and Cu in wheat, and Mn in barley increased. As the rate of compost addition increased, the concentration of Mg in barley and wheat decreased, while that of Cu in barley increased. Even though the SSMSW compost was applied at higher than normal agronomic rates, tissue Cu and Zn concentrations were not at levels considered to be harmful to plants or livestock. Key Words: Barley, wheat, boot-stage, compost, fertilizer, mineral concentrations, municipal solid waste manure
Rainfall induced nitrogen and phosphorus losses from Manitoba soils
Authors: Hargrave A. P. , Shaykewich C. F. 
Published: April 2011

Losses of total sediment phosphorus, total sediment nitrogen and dissolved nitrite, nitrate and ammonium resulting from natural rainfall erosion were studied in southern Manitoba during the summers of 1988–1990. Soils used were a Gretna clay, Leary sandy loam, Ryerson sandy clay and a Carroll clay loam. "Standard" erosion plots, i.e 22.13 m slope length, 4.6 m wide on a 9% slope were used. Crop management systems were 1) alfalfa, 2) corn, 3) wheat – minimum tillage, 4) wheat – conventional tillage, and 5) fallow. Nutrient losses averaged over the study period were greatest from the corn and fallow treatments, as high as 160 kg ha−1 yr−1 for nitrogen and 70 kg ha−1 yr−1 for phosphorus. Losses from wheat were intermediate. Losses from alfalfa were negligible. Most of the nutrient losses occurred with the sediment fraction, a result consistent with previous studies. Thus, nutrient loss can be estimated from a knowledge of soil loss. The amount of nutrient loss per unit soil varied with soil, and was a function of the inherent nutrient status of the soil. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, rainfall erosion, nutrients
Effects of rate, placement, and frequency of P application on yield and P content of bromegrass-red clover herbage and soil P distribution
Authors: Soon Y. K. 
Published: April 2011

This study was conducted on a P-deficient Dark Grey Solod to compare the effects of the rate (0, 45, 90 kg P ha−1 cumulative), placement method (broadcast vs. banding), and frequency (preplant only vs. annually) of P fertilizer application on herbage production by a bromegrass (Bromus inermiss Leyss)–red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) mixture. The preplant broadcast application was incorporated by rototilling, and subsequent broadcast applications were topdressings. Annual applications continued for 3 yr only and dry matter (DM) yields were taken for 4 yr following the establishment year in 1991. Rate of P applied had the greatest effect on herbage yield, but its effect was influenced by the frequency of application. When P fertilizer was applied annually, herbage yields increased linearly with application rates. When P was applied preplant only, herbage yields reached a plateau with 45 or more kg P ha−1. Broadcasted P yielded slightly more than banded-in P in the first year harvest only. Annual application of 30 kg P ha−1 gave the highest cumulative herbage yield, suggesting decreasing P availability with time. This was supported by soil P analysis in 1994 and by herbage P concentrations. Herbage P concentration was significantly correlated with herbage yields of the second year and subsequent harvests. It is concluded that a preplant broadcast-incorporated application of 30 to 45 kg P ha–1, followed by at least one subsequent surface application of 30 kg P ha–1 was required for optimum herbage production by a legume-grass mixture. Key words: Application method, P fertilizer management, bromegrass-red clover, Grey Luvisol, soil P distribution
Sulphate sorption in relation to properties of podzolic and brunisolic soils in northeastern Ontario
Authors: Bhatti J. S. , Foster N. W. , Evans L. J. 
Published: April 2011

An insight into sulphate (SO42−) retention by podzolic and brunisolic soils was obtained by examining SO42− sorption by B horizons from forest soils in northeastern Ontario. The amount of water soluble and adsorbed SO42− present in the soils and the ability to adsorb additional SO42− was evaluated. Relationships between soil pH, organic carbon and different iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) fractions with water soluble and adsorbed SO42− were examined. Using a surface complexation approach, modelling was carried out to predict the soil SO42− sorption capacity at any given pH. The potential SO42– adsorption capacity was also measured by applying adsorption equations. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir sorption isotherms gave comparative fits to the SO42− adsorption data. The soils contained small amounts of water extractable SO42− (0.1 to 0.8 mmole kg–1). There was a significant positive correlation between water extractable SO42− and organic carbon in the podzolic soils but not for the brunisolic soils. Approximately 90% of the sulphate extracted was contained in the insoluble SO42− fraction. Sulphate sorption by both soil types was most closely related to amorphous inorganic Al. In brunisolic soils, total adsorbed SO42– also had a strong positive correlation with the oxalate extractable silica fraction and a negative correlation with pH. Sulphate adsorption simulations were close to the measured values. Key words: Soluble SO42−, adsorbed SO42−, Podzol, Brunisol, amorphous Al oxide, SO42− adsorption model
Sodium carbonate inhibits emergence and growth of greenhouse-grown white spruce
Authors: Maynard D. G. , Mallett K. I. , Myrholm C. L. 
Published: April 2011

Conifers are extremely sensitive to salinity and in western North America irrigation waters may contain appreciable amounts of soluble salts. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of salinity of Na-enriched irrigation water (as sodium carbonate [Na2CO3]) on the emergence and growth of white spruce (Piceaglauca [Moench] Voss). An experiment using a randomized complete block design with four replicates and five salt treatments to give solution electrical conductivity (EC) of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.7 and 3.1 dS m−1 was established in a greenhouse. White spruce seedlings were grown in styroblock growing trays using a sphagnum peat–perlite growing medium. Seedlings were fertilized twice a week following a fertilizer regime of a commercial tree nursery. Growth measurements, chemical analysis of the foliage, roots and growing medium were completed after 12 wk. Emergence was reduced by about 8% and growth was only 50% in the 0.5 dS m−1 (92.9 mg Na+ L−1 as Na2CO3) treatment compared with the control. Each treatment with successively higher EC resulted in a further decrease in the emergence and growth parameters. Excess internal Na+ concentration, water deficit resulting from high EC in soil solutions, and high pH of the growing medium were possible causes of the growth reduction. Nutrient concentrations other than Na did not differ among treatments except in the highest salt treatment. The presence of Na+ with CO32− as the companion anion at concentrations as low as 100 mg L−1 with an EC of 0.5 dS m−1 could potentially result in reduced emergence and growth of white spruce under greenhouse conditions. Key words: White spruce, salt damage, container grown seedlings, sodium
Nature of uranium contamination in the agricultural drainage water evaporation ponds of the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA
Authors: Duff Martine C. , Amrhein C. , Bradford G. 
Published: April 2011

Evaporation ponds used for agricultural subsurface drainage water disposal in the Tulare Lake Bed (TLB) of the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA, have elevated levels of U. Waterfowl which inhabit and forage the ponds and surrounding areas are threatened by exposure to U. The ponds, which receive irrigation drainage waters and seasonal rain, are subject to wetting and drying periods. The periods result in the accumulation of decaying algae and other organic material in surface sediments. Sediment and waters in the ponds were sampled to determine what factors control U solubility and sediment U concentrations. Data from a 1990 study conducted by Chilcott et al. in 1989 on the TLB ponds were used to help identify what factors may control U solubility. Pond sediment U concentrations decreased abruptly with depth and surface sediment U concentrations were related to dissolved Ca:HCO3 ratios. Pond algal U bioaccumulation was favored in waters with high Ca:HCO3 ratios, which had lower pH values and carbonate alkalinities than waters with low Ca:HCO3 ratios. Ponds with high salinities and high carbonate alkalinities contained the highest aqueous U concentrations relative to other TLB ponds. Sediment total organic carbon (TOC) was correlated with sediment U concentrations, suggesting that U is bound to organic matter. The source of TOC is most likely from algae deposition. Key words: Uranium, salinity, redox potential, carbonate alkalinity, bioaccumulation, algae
Effect of composts and inorganic fertilizers on spring wheat growth and N uptake
Authors: Gagnon B. , Simard R. R. , Robitaille R. , Goulet M. , Rioux R. 
Published: April 2011

The nutrient availability of composts has to be known for their safe use in crop production. A field study was carried out to assess the effect of a spring application of composts and inorganic fertilizers on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Messier') growth and N uptake in eastern Québec (Canada). The experiment was conducted in 1994 and 1995 on two different soils: a Kamouraska clay (Orthic Humic Gleysol) and a Saint-André sandy loam (Fragic Humo-Ferric Podzol). Four composts were applied at rates of 0, 90, 180 and 360 kg total N ha−1. Inorganic fertilizers were applied at rates of 0, 50, 100 and 200% of wheat N, P or K requirements. Treatments in which inorganic fertilizers (IN) were added to composts were also included. Grain yield was increased by N rates whereas composts alone at 90 kg total N ha–1 resulted in lower yields than the control in the first year on the sandy loam. Commercial composts resulted in higher yields than dairy manure composts. Wheat showed no significant response to P and K fertilizers on either soil. Compost rates had no effect on grain N content but commercial composts increased straw N by 36 to 63%. Addition of IN to composts increased grain yield by 0.1 to 1.5 Mg ha−1 and N uptake by 4 to 55 kg N ha−1, depending on soil and weather conditions. Apparent recovery efficiency of added N for composts was −14 to 15% whereas it ranged from 24 to 56% for IN. In spring wheat production, composts should be considered more as organic matter amendments because of their limited N efficiency. Key words: Composted dairy manure, shrimp wastes, peat moss, apparent N recovery
ABI4 Activates DGAT1 Expression in Arabidopsis Seedlings during Nitrogen Deficiency
Authors: Yang Yang , Yu Xiangchun , Song Lianfen , An Chengcai 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the major seed storage lipid and is important for biofuel and other renewable chemical uses. Acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the TAG biosynthesis pathway, but the mechanism of its regulation is unknown. Here, we show that TAG accumulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings increased significantly during nitrogen deprivation (0.1 mm nitrogen) with concomitant induction of genes involved in TAG biosynthesis and accumulation, such as DGAT1 and OLEOSIN1. Nitrogen-deficient seedlings were used to determine the key factors contributing to ectopic TAG accumulation in vegetative tissues. Under low-nitrogen conditions, the phytohormone abscisic acid plays a crucial role in promoting TAG accumulation in Arabidopsis seedlings. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4), an important transcriptional factor in the abscisic acid signaling pathway, bound directly to the CE1-like elements (CACCG) present in DGAT1 promoters. Genetic studies also revealed that TAG accumulation and DGAT1 expression were reduced in the abi4 mutant. Taken together, our results indicate that abscisic acid signaling is part of the regulatory machinery governing TAG ectopic accumulation and that ABI4 is essential for the activation of DGAT1 in Arabidopsis seedlings during nitrogen deficiency.
Prediction of Regulatory Interactions from Genome Sequences Using a Biophysical Model for theArabidopsisLEAFY Transcription Factor
Authors: Moyroud Edwige , Minguet Eugenio Gómez , Ott Felix , Yant Levi , Posé David , Monniaux Marie , Blanchet Sandrine , Bastien Olivier , Thévenon Emmanuel , Weigel Detlef , Schmid Markus , Parcy François 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDespite great advances in sequencing technologies, generating functional information for nonmodel organisms remains a challenge. One solution lies in an improved ability to predict genetic circuits based on primary DNA sequence in combination with detailed knowledge of regulatory proteins that have been characterized in model species. Here, we focus on the LEAFY (LFY) transcription factor, a conserved master regulator of floral development. Starting with biochemical and structural information, we built a biophysical model describing LFY DNA binding specificity in vitro that accurately predicts in vivo LFY binding sites in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Applying the model to other plant species, we could follow the evolution of the regulatory relationship between LFY and the AGAMOUS (AG) subfamily of MADS box genes and show that this link predates the divergence between monocots and eudicots. Remarkably, our model succeeds in detecting the connection between LFY and AG homologs despite extensive variation in binding sites. This demonstrates that the cis-element fluidity recently observed in animals also exists in plants, but the challenges it poses can be overcome with predictions grounded in a biophysical model. Therefore, our work opens new avenues to deduce the structure of regulatory networks from mere inspection of genomic sequences.
In Vitro Stimulation and Expansion of Human Tumour‐Reactive CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes by Anti‐CD3/CD28/CD137 Magnetic Beads
Authors: Teschner D. , Wenzel G. , Distler E. , Schnürer E. , Theobald M. , Neurauter A. A. , Schjetne K. , Herr W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAdoptive immunotherapy with tumour‐reactive CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) requires efficient in vitro approaches allowing the expansion of CTLs to large numbers prior infusion. Here, we investigated the antigen‐independent activation and the expansion of human T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in tumour‐reactive CTLs using Dynabeads coated with monoclonal antibodies to CD3 and to the costimulatory molecules CD28 and CD137 (4‐1BB). T cells in PBMCs showed an increased expansion rate of 15‐ to 17‐fold during a 2‐week culture period using antibody‐conjugated beads with interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) added versus IL‐2 alone. No significant difference between CD3/CD28 beads and CD3/CD28/CD137 beads was observed (P = 0.4). In contrast, expansion of tumour‐reactive CD8+ CTLs over 2 weeks was more efficient using CD3/CD28/CD137 beads (14.4‐fold ±1.2) compared with CD3/CD28 beads (10.6‐fold ±0.7) (P = 0.03) and matched well to the control arm using weekly stimulation with tumour cells. Although all modes of in vitro stimulation decreased the expression of central memory markers CD62L and CCR7 on CTLs, bead‐activated cultures expressed consistently higher levels than tumour‐stimulated cultures. CTLs analysed after bead‐induced expansion versus weekly tumour stimulation showed equal IFN‐γ production in ELISPOT assay. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays demonstrated an either unchanged or slightly reduced capability of tumour cell lysis for antigen‐independent stimulated CTLs versus those that maintained on weekly tumour stimulation, regardless of which type of beads was used. Our data suggest that the conjugation of anti‐CD137 antibodies to conventional CD3/CD28 beads results in a minor but significant increase in the expansion capacity for tumour‐reactive CD8+ CTLs.