bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grade and Stage at Presentation Do Not Predict Mortality in Patients With Bladder Cancer Who Survive Their Disease
Authors: Messing Edward M. , Madeb Ralph , Feng Changyong , Stephenson Laura , Gilchrist Kennedy W. , Young Terry , Gee Jason 
Published: March 2009

Purpose Our goal was to determine whether presenting grade and stage of bladder cancer (BC), which directly affect disease-specific survival, also influence time to and cause of non-BC deaths. Methods Histology slides of all men who lived in Wisconsin age ≥ 50 years diagnosed with BC in 1988 were reviewed centrally, and time and cause of death as reported to the state's tumor registry were recorded. Competing risks analyses based on grade, tumor stage, and age at diagnosis were generated to correlate time and causes of death (BC or non-BC) with tumor histology and age at presentation. Results Grade-stage categories were assigned to 509 patients with BC as follows: LGN = low grade (grade 1 or 2), nonmuscle invading (stage Ta or T1); HGN = high grade (grade 3 or carcinoma in situ), nonmucle invading (stage Ta, T1, or TIS); and INV = any grade, muscle invasive (≥ stage T2). Three hundred nine patients (60.7%) were LGN, 80 (15.7%) were HGN, and 120 (23.6%) were INV. Grade-stage category predicted overall (P = .0001) and BC-specific (P < .0001) mortality but not non-BC mortality (P = .72), with hazard ratios of 1.095 (95% CI, 0.783 to 1.531) for HGN versus LGN, 1.137 (95% CI, 0.799 to 1.617) for INV versus LGN, and 1.038 (95% CI, 0.670 to 1.607) for INV versus HGN. Age had a highly significant effect on overall and non-BC deaths (P < .0001) but only marginally predicted BC deaths (P = .054). Time to non-BC death did not differ significantly between grade-stage category (P = .12) or cause of death (P = .81). Conclusion Grade-stage category at diagnosis predicts overall and BC mortality but not mortality from other causes. Thus, particularly for INV disease, because BC represents the major threat to life, aggressive therapies that have been shown to be effective are justified.
Feasibility Trial of Partial Breast Irradiation With Concurrent Dose-Dense Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Zellars Richard C. , Stearns Vered , Frassica Deborah , Asrari Fariba , Tsangaris Theodore , Myers Lee , DiPasquale Shirley , Lange Julie R. , Jacobs Lisa K. , Emens Leisha A. , Armstrong Deborah K. , Fetting John H. , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth , Davidson Nancy E. , Wolff Antonio C. 
Published: March 2009

Purpose Anthracyclines and concurrent whole-breast irradiation result in prohibitive cutaneous toxicity. We hypothesized that anthracycline-based chemotherapy and concurrent partial breast irradiation (PBI) is safe and conducted a single-arm feasibility trial testing this hypothesis with dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (ddAC). Patients and Methods Women with T1-2, N0-1 breast cancer with ≥ 3 mm lumpectomy margins received PBI (40.5 Gy, 15 daily 2.7-Gy fractions) concurrently with the first two of four cycles of ddAC (60 and 600 mg/m2 of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, respectively, every 14 days with colony-stimulating support). Primary end points were local and systemic toxicity. Additional systemic therapy was given at the physician's discretion. Results Twenty-seven patients enrolled between November 2004 and January 2007, but two patients did not receive protocol therapy (one found with additional local disease and one withdrew consent). Twenty-five women completed all planned PBI. Four (16%) of 25 did not complete all ddAC (febrile neutropenia [FN], n = 2; diverticulitis and neutropenia, n = 1; and social/economic reasons, n = 1). Four among the remaining 21 who completed all ddAC had a cycle delayed (FN, n = 1; acute respiratory illness, n = 1; foot blisters, n = 1; perianal dermatitis, n = 1). There was no grade 3 to 4 anemia or thrombocytopenia. Grade 3 nonhematologic toxicities (none grade 4) occurred in 28% (seven of 25) of patients (nausea/vomiting, n = 3; stomatitis, n = 2; contralateral breast abscess, n = 1; fatigue, n = 1; and cough/bronchospasms, n = 1). The observed rate of ≥ grade 2 skin toxicity was 0% (0 of 25; one-sided 95% CI, 0% to 11%). Conclusion PBI with concurrent ddAC is feasible, and local/systemic toxicity is acceptable. Larger studies are warranted to assess long-term locoregional control and late toxicities.
Identification of SYWKQCAFNAVSCFamide: a broadly conserved crustacean C-type allatostatin-like peptide with both neuromodulatory and cardioactive properties
Authors: Dickinson Patsy S. , Wiwatpanit Teerawat , Gabranski Emily R. , Ackerman Rachel J. , Stevens Jake S. , Cashman Christopher R. , Stemmler Elizabeth A. , Christie Andrew E. 
Published: March 2009

SUMMARY
The allatostatins comprise three structurally distinct peptide families that regulate juvenile hormone production by the insect corpora allata. A-type family members contain the C-terminal motif –YXFGLamide and have been found in species from numerous arthropod taxa. Members of the B-type family exhibit a –WX6Wamide C-terminus and, like the A-type peptides, appear to be broadly conserved within the Arthropoda. By contrast, members of the C-type family, typified by the unblocked C-terminus–PISCF, a pyroglutamine blocked N-terminus, and a disulfide bridge between two internal Cys residues, have only been found in holometabolous insects, i.e. lepidopterans and dipterans. Here, using transcriptomics, we have identified SYWKQCAFNAVSCFamide (disulfide bridging predicted between the two Cys residues), a known honeybee and water flea C-type-like peptide, from the American lobster Homarus americanus (infraorder Astacidea). Using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTMS), a mass corresponding to that of SYWKQCAFNAVSCFamide was detected in the H. americanus brain, supporting the existence of this peptide and its theorized structure. Furthermore, SYWKQCAFNAVSCFamide was detected by MALDI-FTMS in neural tissues from five additional astacideans as well as 19 members of four other decapod infraorders (i.e. Achelata, Anomura,Brachyura and Thalassinidea), suggesting that it is a broadly conserved decapod peptide. In H. americanus, SYWKQCAFNAVSCFamide is capable of modulating the output of both the pyloric circuit of the stomatogastric nervous system and the heart. This is the first demonstration of bioactivity for this peptide in any species.
Bursectomy compared with acromioplasty in the management of subacromial impingement syndrome
Authors: Henkus H. E. , de Witte P. B. , Nelissen R. G. H. H. , Brand R. , van Arkel E. R. A. 
Published: March 2009

In a prospective randomised study we compared the results of arthroscopic subacromial bursectomy alone with debridement of the subacromial bursa followed by acromioplasty. A total of 57 patients with a mean age of 47 years (31 to 60) suffering from primary subacromial impingement without a rupture of the rotator cuff who had failed previous conservative treatment were entered into the trial. The type of acromion was classified according to Bigliani. Patients were assessed at follow-up using the Constant score, the simple shoulder test and visual analogue scores for pain and functional impairment. One patient was lost to follow-up. At a mean follow-up of 2.5 years (1 to 5) both bursectomy and acromioplasty gave good clinical results. No statistically significant differences were found between the two treatments. The type of acromion and severity of symptoms had a greater influence on the clinical outcome than the type of treatment. As a result, we believe that primary subacromial impingement syndrome is largely an intrinsic degenerative condition rather than an extrinsic mechanical disorder.
The incidence of the patellar clunk syndrome in a recently designed mobile-bearing posteriorly stabilised total knee replacement
Authors: Fukunaga K. , Kobayashi A. , Minoda Y. , Iwaki H. , Hashimoto Y. , Takaoka K. 
Published: March 2009

The patellar clunk syndrome describes painful catching, grinding or jumping of the patella when the knee moves from a flexed to an extended position after total knee replacement (TKR). The posterior stabilised TKR had been noted to have a higher incidence of this problem. Mobile-bearing posteriorly stabilised TKRs have been introduced to improve patellar tracking and related problems by a mechanism of self-alignment. We evaluated the patellar clunk syndrome in 113 knees in 93 patients with such a TKR at a mean follow-up of 2.3 years (2.0 to 3.2). The syndrome was identified in 15 knees (13.3%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the absolute value of the post-operative angle of patellar tilt was significantly associated with the occurrence of patellar clunk (p = 0.025). Patellar tracking should be carefully checked during surgery.
Delayed presentation of carotid artery dissection following major orthopaedic trauma resulting in dense hemiparesis
Authors: Edmundson S. P. , Hirpara K. M. , Ryan R. S. , O’Malley T. , O’Grady P. 
Published: March 2009

We report a 30-year-old patient who was involved in a high-velocity road traffic accident and developed a left-sided hemiparesis, which was noted in the post-operative period following bilateral femoral intramedullary nailing. CT scanning of the brain revealed infarcts in the right frontal and parietal lobes in the distribution of the right middle cerebral artery. CT angiography showed occlusion of the right internal carotid artery consistent with internal carotid artery dissection. He was anticoagulated and nine months later was able to walk independently. An awareness of this injury is needed to diagnose blunt trauma to the internal carotid artery. Even in the absence of obvious neck trauma, carotid artery dissection should be suspected in patients with a neurological deficit in the peri-operative period.
Can Birthweight Discordancy Within Monozygotic Twin Pairs Be Used as an Indicator of Chorionicity?
Authors: Gielen Marij , Derom Catherine , Derom Robert , Vlietinck Robert , Zeegers Maurice P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBoth zygosity and chorionicity provide important information in twin research. The East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey (EFPTS) determines zygosity and chorionicity at birth and therefore provides a gold standard for the testing of diagnostic parameters that can be used to determine chorionicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether birthweight discordancy can be used as an indicator of chorionicity. The study sample consisted of 4,060 live-born twin pairs from the EFPTS. We studied MZ twins, using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of being MC in relation to discordancy level. Diagnostic parameters, including sensitivity and specificity, were calculated. A two-fold cross-validation was carried out and a bootstrap distribution with 10,000 samples was created to estimate the standard deviations. For discordancy levels of below 10%, 10–15%, 15–20%, 20–25% and above 25%, the ORs (95% CI) were 1.16 (0.91–1.47), 1.38 (1.05–1.80), 2.13 (1.51–3.01), 2.73 (1.73–4.29) and 2.81 (2.81–4.35) respectively. There were no gender differences. Sensitivity was 42.2% (SD 5.6%), specificity was 72.8% (SD 6.3%), positive predictive value was 72.8% (1.5%) and the negative predictive value was 39.2% (0.7%). In conclusion, although a higher discordancy level resulted in higher ORs of being an MC twin, birthweight discordancy level can only be used to some weak extent as a proxy for chorionicity, highlighting the need to assess and record chorionicity data in obstetrical units.
Molecular interactions within the plant TOC complex
Authors: Sommer Maik S. , Schleiff Enrico 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Protein transport, especially into different cellular compartments, is a highly coordinated and regulated process. The molecular machineries which carry out these transport processes are highly complex in structure, function, and regulation. In the case of chloroplasts, thousands of protein molecules have been estimated to be transported across the double-membrane bound envelope per minute. In this brief review, we summarize current knowledge about the molecular interplay during precursor protein import into chloroplasts, focusing on the initial events at the outer envelope.
Precise Gene-Dose Alleles for Chemical Genetics
Authors: Yan Zhun , Berbenetz Nicolas M , Giaever Guri , Nislow Corey 
Published: March 2009

AbstractModulating gene dose is an effective way to alter protein levels and modify phenotypes to understand gene function. In addition, combining gene-dose alleles with chemical perturbation can provide insight into drug–gene interactions. Here, we present a strategy that combines diverse loss-of-function alleles to systematically modulate gene dose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The generated gene dosage allele set expands the genetic toolkit for uncovering novel phenotypes.
Complex equilibria in the maintenance of boundaries: experiments with mussel beds
Authors: Robles Carlos D. , Desharnais Robert A. , Garza Corey , Donahue Megan J. , Martinez Carlos A. 
Published: March 2009

Stationary boundaries of sedentary species may belie dynamic processes that form them. Our aim was to test an implication of an evolving body of theory, that such boundaries are manifestations of complex regulatory dynamics.On rocky shores of British Columbia, large‐scale field experiments altered the densities of predatory sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus), causing shifts in the location of the lower vertical boundaries of their prey, sea mussels (Mytilus californianus). While control mussel beds remained unchanged, experimental reductions of sea star densities caused the downward extension of the lower boundaries, and experimental increases in sea stars densities caused the upward recession of the lower boundary well into the zone presumed to be a spatial refuge from predation. Cleared plots prepared within the initial boundaries were recolonized to varying degrees, depending on predator densities. After 30 months, plots on sea star removal sites showed high densities of adult mussels, control plots showed intermediate densities, and sea star addition plots showed only a sparse cover of alternative prey. Observations by divers at high tide showed that as small prey were depleted progressively from removal, to control, to addition sites, correspondingly larger mussels were attacked, including very large individuals comprising the lower boundary of addition sites.The findings contradict classic theory of zonation based on static prey refuges and support an alternative theory in which boundaries are maintained by complex, spatially structured equilibria.
Bone Response to Loaded Implants With Non‐Matching Implant‐Abutment Diameters in the Canine Mandible
Authors: Cochran David L. , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Grize Leticia , Higginbottom Frank L. , Jones Archie A. , Jung Ronald E. , Wieland Marco , Dard Michel 
Published: March 2009

Background: One way to evaluate various implant restorations is to measure the amount of bone change that occurs at the crestal bone. The objective of this study was to histologically evaluate the alveolar bone change around a bone‐level, non‐matching implant‐abutment diameter configuration that incorporated a horizontal offset and a Morse taper internal connection.Methods: The study design included extraction of all mandibular premolars and first molars in five canines. After 3 months, 12 dental implants were placed at three levels in each dog: even with the alveolar crest, 1 mm above the alveolar crest, and 1 mm below the alveolar crest. The implants were submerged on one side of the mandible. On the other side, healing abutments were exposed to the oral cavity (non‐submerged). Gold crowns were attached 2 months after implant placement. The dogs were sacrificed 6 months postloading, and specimens were processed for histologic and histometric analyses.Results: Evaluation of the specimens indicated that the marginal bone remained near the top of the implants under submerged and non‐submerged conditions. The amount of bone change for submerged implants placed even with, 1 mm below, and 1 mm above the alveolar crest was −0.34, −1.29, and 0.04 mm, respectively (negative values indicate bone loss). For non‐submerged implants, the respective values were −0.38, −1.13, and 0.19 mm. For submerged and non‐submerged implants, there were significant differences in the amount of bone change among the three groups (P <0.05). The percentage of bone‐to‐implant contact for submerged implants was 73.3%, 71.8%, and 71.5%. For non‐submerged implants, the respective numbers were 73.2%, 74.5%, and 76%. No significant differences occurred with regard to the percentage of bone contact.Conclusions: Minimal histologic bone loss occurred when dental implants with non‐matching implant‐abutment diameters were placed at the bone crest and were loaded for 6 months in the canine. The bone loss was significantly less (five‐ to six‐fold) than that reported for bone‐level implants with matching implant‐abutment diameters (butt‐joint connections).
Evaluation of the effects of transvenous pacing site on left ventricular function and synchrony in healthy anesthetized dogs
Authors: Maisenbacher Herbert W. , Estrada Amara H. , Prošek Robert , Shih Andre C. , VanGilder James M. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To compare the acute effects of cardiac pacing from various transvenous pacing sites on left ventricular (LV) function and synchrony in clinically normal dogs.
Animals—10 healthy adult mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—Dogs were anesthetized, and dual-chamber transvenous biventricular pacing systems were implanted. Dogs were paced in single-chamber mode from the right atrial appendage (RAA) alone and in dual-chamber mode from the right ventricular apex (RVA), from the left ventricular free wall (LVFW), and simultaneously from the RVA and LVFW (BiV). Standard ECG and echocardiographic measurements, cardiac output measured with the lithium dilution method (LiDCO), and tissue Doppler–derived measurements of LV synchrony were obtained during each of the pacing configurations.
Results—Placement of the biventricular pacing systems was possible in 8 of the 10 dogs. The QRS duration was significantly different among all pacing sites, and the order of increasing duration was RAA, BiV, LVFW, and RVA. Pacing sites did not differ with respect to fractional shortening; however, pacing from the RVA resulted in a significantly lower ejection fraction than pacing from all other sites. During RVA and LVFW pacing, LiDCO was significantly lower than that at other sites; there was no significant difference between RAA and BiV pacing with respect to LiDCO. Although the degree of dyssynchrony was significantly lower during pacing from the RAA versus other ventricular pacing sites, it was not significantly different among sites.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ventricular activation by RAA pacing provided the best LV function and synchrony. Pacing from the RVA worsened LV function, and although pacing from the LVFW improved it, BiV pacing may provide additional improvement.
Effect of subcutaneous administration of a killed Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis vaccine on colonization of tissues following oral exposure to the organism in calves
Authors: Sweeney Raymond W. , Whitlock Robert H. , Bowersock Terry L. , Cleary Diane L. , Meinert Todd R. , Habecker Perry L. , Pruitt Greg W. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effect of vaccination of calves with a killed Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) vaccine on colonization of tissues following oral MAP exposure.
Animals—12 healthy Holstein calves.
Procedures—At 14 days after birth, calves received the MAP vaccine (1.0 mL, SC) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (1.0 mL, SC [control treatment]). Each calf received 1.2 × 109 CFUs of live MAP orally 21 and 22 days after vaccination. Prior to vaccination and at subsequent intervals, a blood sample was collected for ELISA detection of antibodies against MAP and for whole blood, antigen-specific, interferon (IFN)-γ–release assay. Nine weeks after MAP challenge, calves were euthanized and various tissue samples were collected for mycobacterial culture. Interferon-γ production in prescapular lymph node cells was measured following in vitro stimulation with MAP antigens.
Results—Calves were seronegative for anti-MAP antibodies at all times. Compared with the findings in control calves, antigen-specific IFN-γ production in circulating lymphocytes and prescapular lymph node cells from vaccinated calves was significantly higher. Culture of tissues from vaccinated calves yielded significantly fewer CFUs of MAP (2,417 CFUs/g), compared with tissues from control calves (15,709 CFUs/g). Furthermore, significantly fewer tissue samples from vaccinated calves yielded MAP in culture (21.8 tissues/calf), compared with findings in control calves (27.6 tissues/calf).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Inoculation of calves with a killed MAP vaccine was associated with reduced colonization of intestinal tissues following experimental exposure to MAP. Use of the vaccine could potentially reduce transmission of MAP to calves in infected herds.
Les paradoxes d'une satisfaction
Authors: Baudelot Christian , Serre Delphine 
Published: March 2009

Résumé Lorsqu’on demande aux femmes si elles sont satisfaites de leur salaire, compte tenu du travail qu’elles fournissent, leurs réponses diffèrent à peine de celles des hommes alors que leurs salaires sont inférieurs de 20 %. Le paradoxe s’explique dès lors qu’on prend en compte le poids de la représentation du salaire féminin comme salaire d’appoint et que l’on cherche à comprendre les points de référence qui servent aux unes et aux autres pour évaluer leur salaire. C’est en comparant leurs salaires à ceux de leurs supérieurs immédiats ou de leurs collègues masculins que les hommes expriment leur satisfaction ou insatisfaction, alors que c’est en mesurant le chemin parcouru depuis la génération de leurs mères et en comparant leurs salaires à ceux d’autres femmes souvent moins bien payées que les femmes évaluent le niveau de satisfaction qu’elles retirent de leur travail et de leur salaire.