bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis H+‐pyrophosphatase enhances salt tolerance in transgenic creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.)
Authors: LI ZHIGANG , BALDWIN CHRISTIAN M. , HU QIAN , LIU HAIBO , LUO HONG 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe Arabidopsis vacuolar H+‐pyrophosphatase (AVP1), when over‐expressed in transgenic (TG) plants, regulates root and shoot development via facilitation of auxin flux, and enhances plant resistance to salt and drought stresses. Here, we report that TG perennial creeping bentgrass plants over‐expressing AVP1 exhibited improved resistance to salinity than wild‐type (WT) controls. Compared to WT plants, TGs grew well in the presence of 100 mm NaCl, and exhibited higher tolerance and faster recovery from damages from exposure to 200 and 300 mm NaCl. The improved performance of the TG plants was associated with higher relative water content (RWC), higher Na+ uptake and lower solute leakage in leaf tissues, and with higher concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl‐ and total phosphorus in root tissues. Under salt stress, proline content was increased in both WT and TG plants, but more significantly in TGs. Moreover, TG plants exhibited greater biomass production than WT controls under both normal and elevated salinity conditions. When subjected to salt stress, fresh (FW) and dry weights (DW) of both leaves and roots decreased more significantly in WT than in TG plants. Our results demonstrated the great potential of genetic manipulation of vacuolar H+‐pyrophosphatase expression in TG perennial species for improvement of plant abiotic stress resistance.
Lectin Histochemical Analysis of the Olfactory Bulbs in the Barfin Flounder (Verasper moseri)
Authors: Nakamuta N. , Yokoyama N. , Yamamoto Y. , Taniguchi K. , Taniguchi K. 
Published: November 2009

SummarySeveral lines of evidence have shown that the olfactory system of the fish contains the main and accessory olfactory systems. However, morphological data indicate that the accessory olfactory bulb, the primary centre for the accessory olfactory system, will not differentiate in the fish. Therefore, the fish olfactory bulb is supposed to engage in both main and accessory olfactory systems. To examine this possibility, we investigated the olfactory bulb of the barfin flounder (Verasper moseri) by histochemical examination using lectins. The olfactory bulb of the barfin flounder showed a laminar structure with four layers, and diffuse glomerular architecture was observed in the glomerular layer. Based on the expression patterns of sugar residues, the glomerular layer of the barfin olfactory bulb was largely divided into three portions. Heterogeneity in the lectin‐binding pattern among olfactory glomeruli was clearly demonstrated by the fluorescent double‐lectin staining. The results of this study suggest that the fish olfactory bulb contains both regions equivalent to the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, and they are subdivided into small subsets with different functions.
Private equity bids in Australia: an exploratory study
Authors: Chapple Larelle , Clarkson Peter M. , King Jesse J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this study, we provide an insight into how private equity players choose their targets and the bid arrangements they prefer. We test our expectations of the unique features of private equity targets using a sample of 23 listed private equity target firms during 2001–2007. We find, relative to a benchmark sample of 81 corporate targets matched by year and industry, the private equity target firms to be larger, more profitable, use their assets more efficiently, more highly levered and have greater cash flow. Multivariate testing indicates that private equity targets have relatively greater financial slack, greater financial stability, greater free cash flow and lower measurable growth prospects. All conclusions are found to be robust to a control sample of 502 takeover bids during 2001–2007.
Social cognition and Theory of Mind in patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Banati M. , Sandor J. , Mike A. , Illes E. , Bors L. , Feldmann A. , Herold R. , Illes Z. 
Published: November 2009

Background:  Theory of Mind (ToM) is an ability to understand and interpret another person’s beliefs, emotions, and intentions. ToM requires both cognitive and emotional perspective taking and is deficient in several neuropsychiatric disorders all connected with impaired social functioning. Cognitive and mood dysfunctions have been recognized as common symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods:  We investigated social cognition in 40 ambulatory patients with MS compared to 35 healthy controls by using verbal and non‐verbal ToM tests (Faux Pas, Baron‐Cohen’s Adult Eyes and Faces test) and Baron‐Cohen’s Empathy questionnaire. The effect of disability and disease duration on social cognition was also analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounding factors of age, gender, intelligence, depression, and anxiety.Results:  Even when adjusted, patients with MS made significantly more mistakes in non‐verbal test (adult Eyes Test), and more disabled patients performed worse in both verbal and non‐verbal ToM tests (Eyes Test and Faux Pas) compared to controls. Patients with a shorter disease course described themselves as more empathetic.Discussion:  In the absence of marked cognitive decline and disability, patients with ambulatory MS had a deficit interpreting social situations and performing in interpersonal contexts.
Addition of cilostazol reduces biological aspirin resistance in aspirin users with ischaemic stroke: a double‐blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lee J.‐H. , Cha J.‐K. , Lee S. J. , Ha S.‐W. , Kwon S. U. 
Published: November 2009

Background and purpose:  Biological aspirin resistance (AR) has been recognized as an important cause of clinical AR. Recent studies have reported the beneficial effects of cilostazol for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated whether addition of cilostazol to aspirin in ischaemic stroke patients can reduce AR.Methods:  In this double‐blind multicenter trial, 244 aspirin users with ischaemic stroke were randomly assigned to receive cilostazol 100 mg twice daily or to placebo. Antiplatelet function was assessed using the VerifyNow™ Aspirin system. The primary end‐point was the incidence of AR, which was measured as aspirin resistance unit (ARU) ≥550 after 4‐week treatment.Results:  The incidence of AR after treatment in cilostazol group was not significantly different from that in placebo (8.8% vs. 10.9%, P = 0.578). However, AR decreased from 12.8% to 8.8% in cilostazol group, whereas it was not changed in the placebo group. The mean ARU after treatment were also lower in the cilostazol group (456.9 ± 56.0 vs. 470.7 ± 67.2, P = 0.081). Cilostazol addition did not prolong bleeding time.Conclusions:  Although this was a negative study, our findings disclosed a trend toward enhanced antiplatelet effects when cilostazol was added to aspirin in ischaemic stroke patients. Combination of aspirin and cilostazol might be a treatment option in the ischaemic stroke patients with AR.
Ganglioneurocytoma Mimicking a Malignant Tumor: Case Report With a Literature Review of the MRI Appearance of Neurocytomas and Gangliogliomas
Authors: Chan Allison , McAbee Gary , Queenan Joseph , Manning Anna 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTA 14‐year‐old girl presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure after her head was squeezed at a party. MRI demonstrated a mass that was hypointense to brain on T1WI and heterogeneous in signal on PD and T2WI; compression of the ventricle, midline shift, and mild ventriculomegaly also were present. Contrast enhancement was extensive and heterogeneous, mimicking a malignant tumor. Neuropathology revealed a ganglioneurocytoma.
Change in the Chilean social model
Authors: RIESCO Manuel 
Published: November 2009

Abstract.Chile modernized its social model in two stages characterized by different strategies: developmentalism (1924–73) and the Washington Consensus (1973–2008). In the first stage, the State pursued both social policies of universal coverage and land reform, while also building up the country's economic and institutional infrastructure. After the 1973 military coup, some public services were dismantled and privatized, and the labour movement was suppressed. Since the end of the dictatorship in 1990, resistance to state regulation and an anti‐labour bias have persisted, albeit to a diminishing degree due to advances in democratization and, latterly, the current world economic crisis.
Persistence of an exclusionary model: Inequality and segmentation in Mexican society
Authors: BAYÓN María Cristina 
Published: November 2009

Abstract.Beginning in the 1980s, Mexico's social and labour policies took a neoliberal turn which exacerbated inequalities, poverty and social exclusion. The change of policy course that has occurred over the past decade has so far failed to bring about a critical review of the country's economic model and its social consequences. The role of the State has been systematically cut back; social services have been outsourced to the market; and informal family‐based social protection has gained ground. Mexico's social model has thus been reduced to a system that is almost exclusively concerned with protection for those living in extreme poverty.
Twenty‐five‐year course and outcome in anxiety and depression in the Upper Bavarian Longitudinal Community Study
Authors: Fichter M. M. , Quadflieg N. , Fischer U. C. , Kohlboeck G. 
Published: November 2009

Fichter MM, Quadflieg N, Fischer UC, Kohlboeck G. Twenty‐five‐year course and outcome in anxiety and depression in the Upper Bavarian Longitudinal Community Study.Objective:  Assessment of 25‐year course of pure and mixed anxiety and depression in a community sample.Method:  Participants were grouped into pure anxiety, pure depression, mixed anxiety and depression, and no anxiety or depressive syndrome at baseline. Assessments consisted of a: i) baseline survey, ii) 5‐year follow‐up, iii) 25‐year follow‐up. Self‐rating scales as well as expert‐rating interviews yielded data on social and psychopathological risk factors and outcome measures.Results:  Baseline prevalence for mixed anxiety and depressive syndrome was 8.7%. Subjects with combined anxiety and depressive syndrome were more predisposed towards later adverse mental health outcomes and reduced functionality. The transition from anxiety syndrome (pure and mixed) to depressive syndrome over the 25‐year study is more likely than the reverse. Logistic regression analysis emphasized the impact of early anxiety syndromes on later depression.Conclusion:  Results underscore the long‐term risks of suffering from a combined anxiety and depressive syndrome.
‘Outlandish Love’: Marriage and Immigration in City Comedies
Authors: Oldenburg Scott 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article questions the orthodox reading of early English city comedies that such plays exhibit intense national or proto‐national fervor, especially articulated in terms of anti‐alien sentiment. A close examination of The Dutch Courtesan and Englishmen for My Money shows that English playgoers were keen to see their cosmopolitan city staged. Moreover, these plays suggest that when it came to European immigrants to England, status and wealth were far more important to the English than considerations of birthplace and ethnicity.
Positive Cross-Talk between Estrogen Receptor and NF-κB in Breast Cancer
Authors: Frasor Jonna , Weaver Aisha , Pradhan Madhumita , Dai Yang , Miller Lance D. , Lin Chin-Yo , Stanculescu Adina 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ER) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are known to play important roles in breast cancer, but these factors are generally thought to repress each other's activity. However, we have recently found that ER and NF-κB can also act together in a positive manner to synergistically increase gene transcription. To examine the extent of cross-talk between ER and NF-κB, a microarray study was conducted in which MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with 17β-estradiol (E2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), or both. Follow-up studies with an ER antagonist and NF-κB inhibitors show that cross-talk between E2 and TNFα is mediated by these two factors. We find that although transrepression between ER and NF-κB does occur, positive cross-talk is more prominent with three gene-specific patterns of regulation: (a) TNFα enhances E2 action on ∼30% of E2-upregulated genes; (b) E2 enhances TNFα activity on ∼15% of TNFα-upregulated genes; and (c) E2 + TNFα causes a more than additive upregulation of ∼60 genes. Consistent with their prosurvival roles, ER and NF-κB and their target gene, BIRC3, are involved in protecting breast cancer cells against apoptosis. Furthermore, genes positively regulated by E2 + TNFα are clinically relevant because they are enriched in luminal B breast tumors and their expression profiles can distinguish a cohort of patients with poor outcome following endocrine treatment. Taken together, our findings suggest that positive cross-talk between ER and NF-κB is more extensive than anticipated and that these factors may act together to promote survival of breast cancer cells and progression to a more aggressive phenotype. [Cancer Res 2009;69(23):8918–25]
Tag Questions in Portuguese: Grammar and Intonation
Authors: Cruz-Ferreira Madalena 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Portuguese (Lisbon dialect) has seven types of tags which do not share, as e.g. in English, a common structural pattern. Their structure is described in the first part of the paper, with special reference to polarity, namely, the common use of constant (negative) polarity questions, and to the setting up of ‘dummy tags’. The second part analyses the consistent use of either a falling or a rising tune only with each tag, in unmarked instances. The forms and meanings of tunes, in attitudinally marked uses are then discussed at some length. Finally, some brief remarks are made as to the use of tags in Portuguese.
Hinduizing from the Top, Indigenizing from Below: Localizing Krishna Rituals in Southern Ghana
Authors: Wuaku Albert Kafui 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis essay reports on an aspect of Ghana's emerging Hindu religious experience; the localizing of the worship of Krishna, a Hindu deity and a globally circulating emblem of spirituality, in the context of the Radha-Govinda temple community in Accra, Ghana's capital. Representing the Ghanaian portion of International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), this community seeks to perpetuate the Caitanyite Vaisnava heritage in this African worshipping society by implementing its policy of 'Hinduizing' local communities. Local worshippers are receptive to this new religion but do not succumb to the pressure to become Hindus in ISKCON's sense. They are resilient and invest this cultural import with local religious meanings, pressing its rituals into service as spiritual ammunition as they respond to pre-existing challenges and the new limitations that contemporary social transformations have imposed on them. The essay demonstrates how the meanings of lay practitioners who we often assume to be powerless, rather than ISKCON and its powerful local elite agents, largely shape the trajectory of the worship of Krishna in Ghana.
Origins of Church Missionary Society Accommodation to Imperial Policy: The Sierra Leone Quagmire and the Closing of the Susu Mission, 1804-17
Authors: Mouser Bruce 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of events in 1807 changed the mission of the early Church Missionary Society in Sierra Leone from one that was designed initially and solely to spread the Christian message in the interior of West Africa to one that included service to the Colony of Sierra Leone. Before 1807, the Society had identified the Susu language as the appointed language to be used in its conversion effort, and it intended to establish an exclusively Susu Mission—in Susu Country and independent of government attachment—that would prepare a vanguard of African catechists and missionaries to carry that message in the Susu language. In 1807, however, the Society's London-based board and the missionaries then present at Sierra Leone made a strategic shift of emphasis to accept government protection and support in return for a bargain of government service, while at the same time continuing with earlier and independent goals of carrying the message of Christianity to native Africans. That choice prepared the Society and its missionaries within a decade to significantly increase the Society's role in Britain's attempt to bring civilization, commerce and Christianity to the continent, and to do it within the confines of imperial policy.
Social Life and the Dreamtime: Clues to Creation Myths as Rhetorical Devices in Tiwi Mortuary Ritual
Authors: Venbrux Eric 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe visual arts of the Tiwi Aborigines from Bathurst and Melville Islands, Australia, have their origin in mortuary rituals that entail a re-enactment of creation myths. In mortuary ritual a script—inherited from the mythological ancestor Purakupali, who introduced death into Tiwi society and had the death rites performed for the first time—has to be followed, but the participants link the conventional ritual events with their own stories and personal experiences put in metaphorical language and action. The requirement that Tiwi singers compose entirely new songs for every occasion, and that the makers of carved and painted mortuary posts produce unique works, has its impact on how creation myths interact in narratives and in the visual arts. Their interrelatedness can be studied in a more systematic way in the performative arts by taking the actors' current social and political concerns into account.
Revelations from the Back Yard: Charles Wright and Wittgenstein
Authors: Leubner Ben 
Published: November 2009

Abstract“Revelations from the Back Yard: Charles Wright and Wittgenstein” investigates what constitutes an ethical pronouncement and/or sentiment, of what, essentially, characterizes ethical discourse. Wittgenstein's controversial assertion that we cannot speak of ethics without engaging in some form of nonsense makes sense as soon as it becomes apparent that his understanding of the role of nonsense in language is far from solely pejorative. His refusal to admit that ethics can be labeled a “science” leaves us with the question of how we might then go about formulating and/or investigating ethics. Poetry, in particular a poetry like that of Charles Wright, offers a more honest avenue, an avenue which, far from trying to overcome the limits of language in regard to ethics, instead engages just those limits, recognizing in them not an obstacle to ethical formulation but an essential characteristic of it.
Rituximab inhibits B-cell receptor signaling
Authors: Kheirallah Samar , Caron Pierre , Gross Emilie , Quillet-Mary Anne , Bertrand-Michel Justine , Fournié Jean-Jacques , Laurent Guy , Bezombes Christine 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRituximab (RTX), a monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 protein, is a drug commonly used in the treatment of B-cell–derived lymphoid neoplasias and of antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases. In addition to cell- and complement-mediated B-cell depletion, RTX is thought to inhibit B-cell survival and proliferation through negative regulation of canonical signaling pathways involving Akt, ERK, and mammalian target of rapamycin. However, surprisingly, although B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling has been considered critical for normal and more recently, for neoplastic B cells, the hypothesis that RTX could target BCR has never been investigated. Using follicular lymphoma cell lines as models, as well as normal B cells, we show here, for the first time, that pretreatment with RTX results in a time-dependent inhibition of the BCR-signaling cascade involving Lyn, Syk, PLCγ2, Akt, and ERK, and calcium mobilization. The inhibitory effect of RTX correlates with decrease of raft-associated cholesterol, complete inhibition of BCR relocalization into lipid raft microdomains, and down-regulation of BCR immunoglobulin expression. Thus, RTX-mediated alteration of BCR expression, dynamics, and signaling might contribute to the immunosuppressive activity of the drug.
High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using a New Amorphous Molecular Material with High Hole Drift Mobility, Tris[4‐(5‐phenylthiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl]amine
Authors: Kageyama Hiroshi , Ohishi Hitoshi , Tanaka Masatake , Ohmori Yutaka , Shirota Yasuhiko 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new amorphous molecular material, tris[4‐(5‐phenylthiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl]amine (TPTPA), is synthesized and characterized. TPTPA forms a stable amorphous glass with a glass‐transition temperature of 83 °C when the melt sample is cooled. It also forms amorphous thin films by a thermal deposition technique. TPTPA exhibits a hole drift mobility of 1.0 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 at an electric field of 1.0 × 105 V cm−1 and at 293 K, as determined by the time‐of‐flight method, which is of the highest level among those of amorphous molecular materials. pn‐Heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) using TPTPA as an electron donor and C60 or C70 as an electron acceptor exhibit high performance with fill factors of 0.66∼0.71 and power conversion efficiencies of 1.7∼2.2% under air‐mass (AM) 1.5G illumination at an intensity of 100 mW cm−2, which are of the highest level ever reported for OPVs using amorphous molecular materials.
Reusable Gold(I) Catalysts with Unique Regioselectivity for Intermolecular Hydroamination of Alkynes
Authors: Leyva Antonio , Corma Avelino 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo gold(I) phosphine complexes bearing the low‐coordinating bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imidate ligand, namely AuSPhosNTf2 and AuPPh3NTf2, are active catalysts for the regioselective intermolecular hydroamination of both internal and terminal alkynes under mild reaction conditions. The catalysts show a regioselectivity based on electronic rather than steric factors, which allow the preferential synthesis of regioisomers opposite to those described previously. This subtle chemo‐ and regioselectivity depends on the catalyst, substrates and reaction conditions employed, and allows one to perform new tandem reactions. These gold(I) complexes operate under free‐solvent conditions, without exclusion of air, without addition of acidic promoters and can be quantitatively recovered and reused by simple precipitation in hexane.
Expanded Heterogeneous Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions of Aryl and Heteroaryl Chlorides under Mild Conditions
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hwan , Choi Minkee , Yu Byung‐Woo , Ryoo Ryong , Taher Abu , Hossain Shahin , Jin Myung‐Jong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA mesoporous LTA zeolite (MP‐LTA)‐supported palladium catalyst was developed for the highly efficient Suzuki–Miyaura reaction of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides. The couplings of various aryl chlorides with arylboronic acids in aqueous ethanol were efficiently achieved in the presence of 1.0 mol% of the catalyst. Furthermore, the scope of this catalyst was extended to the coupling of heteroaryl chlorides. Regardless of the substituents, all of the coupling reactions were very clean and highly efficient under mild heating. It shows that our catalyst is one of the most powerful heterogeneous catalysts for the coupling of a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides. The catalyst could be repetitively used at least 10 times without a significant loss of its catalytic activity. Compared to mesoporous SBA‐15 and MCM‐41 materials, the MP‐LTA support proved to be very stable and robust to prevent degradation upon reuse.