bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of morphological, dynamic mechanical, and thermal properties in compatibilized polypropylene/ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer/organoclay nanocomposites
Authors: Goodarzi Vahabodin , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Hässler R. , Reuter Uta 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCompatibilized and noncompatibilized nanocomposites based on polypropylene (PP)/ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) blends, having 75/25 (wt %/wt %) PP/EVA ratio, with different contents of organoclay (OMMT) and maleated polypropylene as compatibilizer were made through a melt‐mixing process with a twin‐screw microcompounder, and their properties were investigated. X‐ray analysis revealed mainly intercalated/partially exfoliated structures for the blend‐based nanocomposites. Through a thermodynamic theoretical approach and transmission electron microscopy investigation, it was shown that the OMMT nanoparticles were mainly placed at the EVA phase of the nanocomposites. Also, scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that OMMT acted like a compatibilizer and reduced the average size of the EVA dispersed phase by preventing coalescence. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the addition of OMMT in the presence of the compatibilizer increased both the storage modulus and damping factor of the corresponding blends. The critical interparticle distance of the EVA domains for achieving supertoughening behavior was obtained at about 100 nm. The addition of OMMT led to a significant improvement in the thermal stability of the blends, especially in the presence of the compatibilizer. A correlation between the morphological, dynamic mechanical, and thermal properties was established to determine the best performing composition, in which desirable damping and stiffness and good thermal stability could be achieved. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Mechanical and thermal properties of eucalyptus fiber composites bonding by blocked polyurethane adhesive
Authors: Shen Tengfei , Lu Mangeng , Liang Liyan , Zhou Dewen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this work, composites from eucalyptus fiber (EF) and polyurethane emulsion (PU) were prepared. Ethyl cellosolve‐blocked polyisocyanate (EC‐bp) was used as a novel adhesive and the mechanical and water absorption properties of the prepared composites were analyzed. The results showed that the tensile, flexural, and water resistance properties of the composites modified by such adhesive were enhanced compared with those of unmodified ones. Effects of EC‐bp on the thermal degradation and the morphology of the composites were also investigated and compared. The presence of modification on the surface of EC‐bp treated EF/PU composites was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) from the appearance of CO bands absorbance and the reducing of relative intensity of OH. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA) resulted that the thermal stability of the modified composites was improved. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was used to observe the morphology and evaluate the interfacial adhesion of the composites. The results showed that much better homogeneity morphology of the modified composites was achieved, which indicated that the prepared EC‐bp as an adhesive could improve the interfacial adhesion. These findings appeared that the occurrence of strong bonds between the composite components in the presence of EC‐bp, rather than the unique existence of Van der Waals interactions among the nonpolar structures or the hydrogen bonding interaction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Scalable process for the spinning of PVA–carbon nanotube composite fibers
Authors: Mercader Célia , Denis‐Lutard Valérie , Jestin Simon , Maugey Maryse , Derré Alain , Zakri Cécile , Poulin Philippe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe report a water‐based spinning process to produce polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–carbon nanotube composite fibers that contain a large fraction of nanotubes. The process differs from previous methods to achieve related materials because the spinning solution is injected in a static coagulation bath instead of being circulated in coflowing streams. The resultant wet spinning process is reminiscent of processes industrially developed for neat PVA fibers. Considering its robustness, the process is therefore expected to be easily scalable for greater production. The present method is based on the stabilization of nanotubes by appropriate surfactant molecules that allow the nanotubes to remain homogeneously dispersed in aqueous solutions of PVA. The obtained fibers are homogeneous, uniform in diameter, and can be spun indefinitely. They are electrically conductive and potentially useful for conducting textile applications. The present process being based on the colloidal stability of the particles in PVA solutions, it is believed that it could be extended to several other types of composite PVA fibers provided that the particles are stabilized by similar surfactants. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and characterization of aluminum oxide–poly(ethylene‐co‐butyl acrylate) nanocomposites
Authors: Nordell P. , Nawaz S. , Azhdar B. , Hillborg H. , Gedde U. W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article describes the preparation and characterization of composites containing poly(ethylene‐co‐butyl acrylate) (EBA–13 and EBA–28 with 13 and 28 wt % butyl acrylate, respectively) and 2–12 wt % (0.5–3 vol %) of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (two types differing in specific surface area and hydroxyl‐group concentration; uncoated and coated with, respectively, octyltriethoxysilane and aminopropyltriethoxysilane). A greater surface coverage was obtained with aminopropyltriethoxysilane than with octyltriethoxysilane. An overall good dispersion was obtained in the EBA‐13 composites prepared by extrusion compounding. Composites with octyltriethoxysilane‐coated nanoparticles showed the best dispersion. The addition of the nanoparticles to EBA–28 resulted in poor dispersion, probably due to insufficiently high shear forces acting during extrusion mixing which were unable to break down nanoparticle agglomerates. The nanoparticles had no effect on the crystallization kinetics in the EBA–13 composites, but in the EBA–28 composites the presence of the nanoparticles led to an increase in the crystallization peak temperature, suggesting that the nanoparticles had a nucleating effect in this particular polymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Novel calix[4]arene‐based polymeric catalysts as acyltransferase enzyme mimics
Authors: Tabakci Begum , Yilmaz Mustafa , Beduk A. Dincer 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMonomeric and polymeric calix[4]arenes containing imidazole or triazole functionalities were synthesized. The enzymatic performance of these calix[4]arenes was evaluated by comparing the Michaelis–Menten kinetics for the hydrolysis reaction of p‐nitrophenyl acetate. The results indicate that the newly synthesized both monomeric and polymeric calix[4]arenes could be used as acyltransferase mimics. The results of monomeric mimics showed that the calix[4]arenes containing imidazole groups are more efficient acyltransferase mimics than triazole‐bonded ones. In the case of carboxylic acid‐bonded mimic, it was also observed that H‐bond contributed to increasing of catalytic yield. The catalytic studies of polymeric mimics demonstrated that the calixarene contents of polymers were very important for their hydrolytic activities. Moreover, the recyclability studies of some polymeric calix[4]arenes revealed that Merrifield resin was the best supporting material for the polymeric catalysts. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Host‐specificity of the endangered thick‐shelled river mussel (Unio crassus, Philipsson 1788) and implications for conservation
Authors: Taeubert Jens‐Eike , Gum Bernhard , Geist Juergen 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

The complex life cycle of the endangered thick‐shelled river mussel (Unio crassus, Philipsson 1788) includes an obligatory parasitic phase on a host fish. Consequently, knowledge of the interaction of U. crassus with its host species is crucial for the development of effective conservation strategies.
The objective of this study was to assess systematically the host suitability of eight different fish species, including six native species which naturally co‐occur with U. crassus, as well as two non‐native species. All tested fish species were successfully infected with glochidia of U. crassus, which were present on their gills 2 days after exposure.
Phoxinus phoxinus and Squalius cephalus were the most suitable hosts as indicated by both the highest total glochidial load and the highest fish‐weight‐normalized glochidial load after 16 days and 48 days. Salmo trutta, Alburnoides bipunctatus and Cottus gobio were less suitable, losing ~90% of glochidia within 16 days. Alburnus alburnus, invasive Neogobius melanostomus and introduced Oncorhynchus mykiss lost more than 98% of glochidia within 16 days, indicating they are unsuitable hosts.
U. crassus larvae did not grow significantly (<15%) during their metamorphosis on suitable hosts, suggesting that the most obvious advantage of the host‐dependent phase in the U. crassus life cycle is the dispersal by fish vectors. The observed differences in the developmental speed and the timing of excystment on different suitable host species are likely to increase the chances of successful dispersal and survival in adverse environmental conditions.
The sustainable conservation management of U. crassus populations is closely linked to the effective management of their host fish populations. In particular, the currently underestimated ecological functions of low‐valued fish species such as S. cephalus and P. phoxinus clearly deserve better consideration in the conservation management of U. crassus habitats and stream ecosystems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a supported self‐directed learning approach for anatomy education
Authors: Findlater Gordon S. , Kristmundsdottir Fanney , Parson Simon H. , Gillingwater Thomas H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe ability to deliver sufficient core anatomical knowledge and understanding to medical students with limited time and resources remains a major challenge for anatomy educators. Here, we report the results of switching from a primarily didactic method of teaching to supported self‐directed learning for students studying anatomy as part of undergraduate medicine at the University of Edinburgh. The supported self‐directed approach we have developed makes use of an integrated range of resources, including formal lectures and practical sessions (incorporating gross anatomy specimens, medical imaging technologies, anatomical models, clinical scenarios, and surface anatomy workstations). In practical sessions, students are provided with a custom‐made workbook that guides them through each session, with academic staff, postgraduate tutors, and near‐peer teaching assistants present to deal with misunderstandings and explain more complicated topics. This approach retains many of the best attributes of didactic teaching but blends them with the advantages associated with self‐directed learning approaches. The switch to supported self‐directed learning—initially introduced in 2005—resulted in a significant improvement in anatomy examination scores over the subsequent period of five years, manifesting as an increase in the average anatomy practical spot examination mark, less students failing to obtain the pass mark and more students passing with distinction. We conclude that the introduction of supported self‐directed learning improved students' engagement, leading to deeper learning and better understanding and knowledge of anatomy. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
A dissecting competition for medical students
Authors: Samalia Latika , Stringer Mark D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAfter repeated requests from medical students for more cadaver dissection opportunities, a voluntary dissecting “competition” was initiated for the third year medical students in 2006. This has been held annually on five occasions since, offering up to 30 dissection stations and accommodating an average of 53 students (range 40–66) per year, representing about 20–25% of the total class. Material is standardized to distal upper or lower limb specimens, each of which is dissected by one or two students during a single weekend day. Participants are required to complete their dissection in about six hours and present an appropriately labeled display together with a 300 word abstract, emphasizing clinical relevance. Dissections are judged on presentation, accuracy of identification and labeling, and relevance to the clinical abstract, taking into account the technical difficulty of the particular dissection. Judging from successive annual uptake of places and informal feedback, this is not only a popular event allowing students to focus creatively on producing a clinically relevant dissection in a relaxed learning environment but also of educational value. An unexpected outcome has been the production of many specimens suitable as prosections for future classes. A dissecting competition may be a useful method of stimulating learning for medical students interested in undertaking further dissection but it requires appropriate staff commitment and a supply of suitable cadaver specimens. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploratory Syntheses and Structures of SrAu4.3In1.7 and CaAg3.5In1.9: Electron‐Poor Intermetallics with Diversified Polyanionic Frameworks that Are Derived from the CaAu4In2 Approximant.
Authors: Lin Qisheng , Corbett John D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared in high yields by solid state reaction of the elements (850 °C for 24 h and annealing at 500 °C for 3 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, NMR Data and Thermogravimetrical Properties of Novel Zirconium Fluoride LiK10Zr6F35·2H2O.
Authors: Gayvoronskaya Kseniya A. , Didenko Nina A. , Slobodyuk Arseny B. , Gerasimenko Andrey V. , Kavun Valeriy Ya. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe new title compound is synthesized by heating mixtures of ZrO2 dissolved in 40% HF and aqueous solutions of LiNO3 and KF.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Properties of Single Crystalline CaMg2Bi2, EuMg2Bi2, and YbMg2Bi2.
Authors: May Andrew F. , McGuire Michael A. , Singh David J. , Custelcean Radu , Jellison Gerald E. Jr. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compounds are prepared from Ca, Yb, or Eu in a Mg/Bi flux (alumina crucibles, 650 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Drastic Change of the Ferromagnetic Properties of the Ternary Germanide GdTiGe Through Hydrogen Insertion.
Authors: Gaudin Etienne , Matar Samir F. , Poettgen Rainer , Eul Matthias , Chevalier Bernard 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWhile the CeFeSi‐ and CeScSi‐type forms of GdTiGe show an antiferromagnetic transition at around 412 K and a ferromagnetic transition at 376 K, respectively, GdTiGeH obtained by hydrogenation of both forms (4 MPa H2, 523 K) is paramagnetic in the temperature range 4—300 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active Iridium/Iridium—Tin/Tin Oxide Heterogeneous Nanoparticles as Alternative Electrocatalysts for the Ethanol Oxidation Reaction.
Authors: Du Wenxin , Wang Qi , Saxner David , Deskins N. Aaron , Su Dong , Krzanowski James E. , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Teng Xiaowei 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCarbon supported Ir71Sn29 catalysts with an average diameter of 2.7 nm are prepared from mixtures of SnCl2, IrCl3, Sn, ethylene glycol, and water (Ar flow, 130 °C, 2 h) followed by mixing the as made Ir71Sn29 particles with carbon black (magnetic stirring, 20 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Antimony Polyazides.
Authors: Lyhs Benjamin , Jansen Georg , Blaeser Dieter , Woelper Christoph , Schulz Stephan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCompounds (III) and (V) are characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, 14N, 31P), IR, and Raman spectroscopy, and by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanosynthesis Routes to New Tetrahedral Crystalline Solids: Silicon‐Like Si3AlP.
Authors: Watkins Tylan , Chizmeshya Andrew V. G. , Jiang Liying , Smith David J. , Beeler Richard T. , Grzybowski Gordon , Poweleit Christian D. , Menendez Jose , Kouvetakis John 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe new monocrystalline semiconductor Si3AlP is synthesized on Si substrates involving thermally activated reactions between P(SiH3)3 and Al atoms generated from a Knudsen cell in a gas source molecular beam epitaxy chamber at 500 °C and 10‐5 Torr.
ChemInform Abstract: A Large Indium Sulfide Supertetrahedral Cluster Built from Integration of ZnS‐Like Tetrahedral Shell with NaCl‐Like Octahedral Core.
Authors: Wu Tao , Zuo Fan , Wang Le , Bu Xianhui , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Ma Richard , Feng Pingyun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe new chalcogenide material (Li+)2·(H+‐DBU)10 [In40S66(H2O)8] 12‐·2MeCN·8H2O (DBU: 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]‐7‐undecene) is solvothermally prepared from a mixture of In(NO3)3, Li2S, NaSPh, 2‐amino‐1‐butanol, MeCN, DBU, and H2O (autoclave, 150 °C, 11 d, yield given in g).
ChemInform Abstract: Ethylene Polyamine Influence on the Transition Metal Thiogermanates: Solvothermal Syntheses and Characterizations of [Ni(trien)2]2Ge4S10 and [{Ni(tepa)}2(μ‐Ge2S6)].
Authors: Liang Jing‐Jing , Zhao Jing , Tang Wei‐Wei , Zhang Yong , Jia Ding‐Xian 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe new compounds (III) and (IV) are solvothermally synthesized and their structures are determined by XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionothermal Synthesis, Structure and Optical Properties of Three New Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Imidazolium Bromoplumbate Complexes.
Authors: Niu Jing‐Ping , Zhai Quan‐Guo , Luo Jun‐Hua , Li Shu‐Ni , Jiang Yu‐Cheng , Hu Man‐Cheng 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCompound (IIa) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z = 4 and compounds (IIb,c) in the monoclinic space group P21/n with Z = 4.
ChemInform Abstract: First Transuranium Mixed‐Ligand Polyoxometalate Complex.
Authors: Sokolova Marina N. , Andreev Grigory B. , Yusov Aleksander B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractK10.5H0.5 [Np(BW11O39)(W5O18)] ·15H2O is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of Np(C2O4)2, K8BW11O39H, and H2O (sealed glass ampule, 150 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: An Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Dimeric Arsenotungstate [enH2]4{[Cu(en)2] [(A‐β‐H2AsW9O34)Cu(en)2] 2}·8H2O Established by Two Trivacant Keggin [A‐β‐AsW9O34]9‐ Fragments in the Opposite Orientation.
Authors: Liu Yun , Shi Dongying , Zhao Junwei , Chen Lijuan , Wang Zhiqiao , Ma Pengtao , Niu Jingyang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of Na8[A‐α‐HAsW9O34], CuCl2, ErCl3, en, NaOH, and H2O (autoclave, 160 °C, 5 d, 45% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Hydrogen‐Bond Donors That Bear a Quinazoline or Benzothiadiazine Skeleton for Asymmetric Organocatalysis.
Authors: Inokuma Tsubasa , Furukawa Masaya , Uno Takuya , Suzuki Yusuke , Yoshida Kohzo , Yano Yoshiaki , Matsuzaki Katsumi , Takemoto Yoshiji 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe catalysts (I)—(III) are shown to be effective in various reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution of Allyl Phosphates with Aryl‐ and Alkenylboronates.
Authors: Shintani Ryo , Takatsu Keishi , Takeda Momotaro , Hayashi Tamio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTitle reaction provides access to γ‐substitution products (III), (VI) and (VIII) with high regio‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Contemporaneous Dual Catalysis: Chemoselective Cross‐Coupling of Catalytic Vanadium‐Allenoate and π‐Allylpalladium Intermediates.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Luan Xinjun , Miller Yan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe catalytic system proves to be effective in the reaction of various secondary and tertiary propargyl alcohols and allylic carbonates to provide a wide range of α‐allylated α,β‐unsaturated ketones, esters and amides with mostly moderate E/Z‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium Tribromide Catalyzed Cross‐Claisen Condensation Between Carboxylic Acids and Ketene Silyl Acetals Using Alkoxyhydrosilanes.
Authors: Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Okita Aya , Yasuda Makoto , Baba Akio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTitle reaction tolerates a wide variety of reducible functional groups such as halide, ester, nitro, alkyne and alkene groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activities of Biarylolefins Based on Polyhydroxylated and Carbohydrate Scaffolds.
Authors: Novoa Alexandre , Pellegrini‐Moise Nadia , Bourg Stephane , Thoret Sylviane , Dubois Joelle , Aubert Genevieve , Cresteil Thierry , Chapleur Yves 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA series of biarylolefins based on the compounds (I) and (VIII) are synthesized by using sequential palladium cross‐coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling of Grignard Reagents with Sulfonyl‐Activated sp3 Carbon—Nitrogen Bonds.
Authors: Li Man‐Bo , Tang Xiang‐Ling , Tian Shi Kai 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the presence of CuI, a broad range of sulfonyl‐activated benzylic, allylic, and propargylic amines undergo cross‐coupling reaction with Grignard reagents with high chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyacrylonitrile Fiber Mat Supported Palladium Catalyst for Mizoroki—Heck Reaction in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Shao Linjun , Liu Jie , Ye Yuhang , Zhang Xian‐Man , Qi Chenze 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe heterogeneous palladium catalyst, prepared by electrospinning, shows excellent activity towards reactions of aryl iodides with various acrylates under microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: General and Selective Iron‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes Without Base.
Authors: Wienhoefer Gerrit , Sorribes Ivan , Boddien Albert , Westerhaus Felix , Junge Kathrin , Junge Henrik , Llusar Rosa , Beller Matthias 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTransfer reduction of the industrially relevant nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Inexpensive Threonine‐Based Organocatalysts for the Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Direct Large‐Scale syn‐Aldol and anti‐Mannich Reactions of α‐Hydroxyacetone.
Authors: Wu Chuanlong , Fu Xiangkai , Li Shi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe new organocatalyst promotes syn‐aldol reactions of hydroxyacetone (I) or dihydroxyacetone (IV) with various aromatic aldehydes, as well as three‐component anti‐Mannich reactions of hydroxyacetone (I) with aromatic aldehydes and anilines (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Addition of Linear Alkyl Alkynes to Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Du Xi , Wang Qin , He Xiao , Peng Rui‐Guang , Zhang Xiao , Yu Xiao‐Qi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOptically active propargylic alcohols are obtained which can serve as potentially useful intermediates for the synthesis of various natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Substituents on Enantioselectivity in Chiral Oxazaborolidine Mediated Asymmetric Ketone Reduction Reaction.
Authors: Balakrishnan U. , Ananthi N. , Velmathi S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe chiral amine synthesized from L‐valine methyl ester and 5‐chloro salicylaldehyde proves as good catalyst for the enantioselective oxazaborolidine reduction of prochiral ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Triflyl‐imidazole with Aldoximes: Facile Synthesis of Nitriles and Formation of Novel Aldoxime‐bis(N‐triflyl)‐imidazole Adducts.
Authors: Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Bunge Scott D. , Laali Kenneth K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIt is demonstrated, that in situ generated Intermediate adducts of type (VII) can be used as a moderately efficient reagent for the dehydration of oximes to nitriles.