bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health literacy and the quality of physician‐patient communication during hospitalization
Authors: Kripalani Sunil , Jacobson Terry A. , Mugalla Ileko C. , Cawthon Courtney R. , Niesner Kurt J. , Vaccarino Viola 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Overall, poor physician‐patient communication is related to post‐discharge adverse events and readmission. We analyzed patients' ratings of the quality of physician‐patient communication during hospitalization and how this varies by health literacy.METHODS:Medical patients were interviewed during their hospitalization to assess personal characteristics and health literacy. After discharge, patients completed by telephone the 27‐item Interpersonal Processes of Care in Diverse Populations Questionnaire (IPC). Using the IPC, patients rated the clarity and quality of physicians' communication during the hospitalization along the following 8 domains: General clarity, Responsiveness to patient concerns, Explanation of patients' problems, Explanation of processes of care, Explanation of self‐care after discharge, Empowerment, Decision making, and Consideration of patients' desire and ability to comply with recommendations.RESULTS:A total of 84 patients completed both the in‐hospital and telephone interviews. Subjects had a mean age of 55, and 44% had inadequate health literacy. Overall, patients gave the poorest ratings to communication that related to Consideration of patients' desire and ability to comply with recommendations. Patients with inadequate health literacy gave significantly worse ratings on the domains of General clarity, Responsiveness to patient concerns, and Explanation of processes of care (P < 0.05 for each). In multivariable analyses, the relationship with General clarity did not persist.CONCLUSIONS:Physicians received relatively poor ratings on their Consideration of patients' desire and ability to comply with recommendations. Patients with inadequate health literacy experienced lower quality and clarity of hospital communication along multiple domains. More attention to effective health communication is warranted in the hospital setting. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:269–275. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
A molecularly imprinted monolith for the fast chiral separation of antiparasitic drugs by pressurized CEC
Authors: Liao Sulan , Wang Xiaochun , Lin Xucong , Wu Xiaoping , Xie Zenghong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMolecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) monoliths with (S)‐ornidazole ((S)‐ONZ) as the template molecule have been designed and prepared by the simple thermal polymerization of methacrylic acid, 4‐vinylpyridine, and ethylene dimethacrylate in the presence of a binary porogenic mixture of toluene and dodecanol. The influences of polymerization mixture composition on the chiral recognition of ONZ have been evaluated, and the imprint effect in the optimized MIP monolith has been clearly demonstrated. The new monolithic stationary phase with optimized porous property and good selectivity was used for the chiral separation of ONZ by pressurized CEC. The pressurized CEC conditions were also optimized to obtain the good chiral separation. The enantiomers were rapidly separated within 9 min on the MIP‐based chiral stationary phase, whereas the chiral separation was not obtained on the nonimprinted polymer. Additionally, the proposed method has been successfully applied to the chiral separation of ONZ in tablet samples by injection of the crude sample. The cross‐selectivity for similar antiparasitic drug was investigated. The results indicated that the chiral separation of secnidazole could also be obtained on the optimized MIP monolith within 14 min.
A simple and efficient protocol for large‐scale preparation of three flavonoids from the flower of Daphne genkwa by combination of macroporous resin and counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Li Ying‐Nan , Yin Lian‐Hong , Xu Li‐Na , Peng Jin‐Yong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this paper, macroporous resin column chromatography and counter‐current chromatography (CCC) were applied for large‐scale preparative separation of three flavonoids from the flower of Daphne genkwa, a famous Chinese medicinal herb. Nine kinds of resins were investigated by adsorption and desorption tests and D101 macroporous resin was selected for the first cleaning‐up, in which 40% aqueous ethanol was used to remove the undesired constituents and 90% aqueous ethanol was used to elute the targets. The crude extract after the first step was directly subjected to the preparative CCC purification using the solvent system composed of n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (4:5:4:5, v/v). The compounds apigemin (823 mg), 3‐hydroxyl‐genkwanin (842 mg) and genkwanin (998 mg) with the purities of 98.79, 97.71 and 93.53%, respectively, determined by HPLC were produced from 3‐g crude extract only in one CCC run. Their chemical structures were identified by MS, UV and the standards.
1H‐[13C] NMR spectroscopy of the rat brain during infusion of [2‐13C] acetate at 14.1 T
Authors: Xin Lijing , Mlynárik Vladimír , Lanz Bernard , Frenkel Hanne , Gruetter Rolf 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFull signal intensity 1H‐[13C] NMR spectroscopy, combining a preceding 13C‐editing block based on an inversion BISEP (B1‐insensitive spectral editing pulse) with a spin‐echo coherence–based localization, was developed and implemented at 14.1 T. 13C editing of the proposed scheme was achieved by turning on and off the 13C adiabatic full passage in the 13C‐editing block to prepare inverted and noninverted 13C‐coupled 1H coherences along the longitudinal axis prior to localization. The novel 1H‐[13C] NMR approach was applied in vivo under infusion of the glia‐specific substrate [2‐13C] acetate. Besides a ∼50% improvement in sensitivity, spectral dispersion was enhanced at 14.1 T, especially for J‐coupled metabolites such as glutamate and glutamine. A more distinct spectral structure at 1.9–2.2 ppm(parts per million) was observed, e.g., glutamate C3 showed a doublet pattern in both simulated 1H spectrum and in vivo 13C‐edited 1H NMR spectra. Besides 13C time courses of glutamate C4 and glutamine C4, the time courses of glutamate C3 and glutamine C3 obtained by 1H‐[13C] NMR spectroscopy were reported for the first time. Such capability should greatly improve the ability to study neuron‐glial metabolism using 1H‐observed 13C‐edited NMR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vessel‐encoded dynamic magnetic resonance angiography using arterial spin labeling
Authors: Okell Thomas W. , Chappell Michael A. , Woolrich Mark W. , Günther Matthias , Feinberg David A. , Jezzard Peter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA new noninvasive MRI method for vessel selective angiography is presented. The technique combines vessel‐encoded pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling with a two‐dimensional dynamic angiographic readout and was used to image the cerebral arteries in healthy volunteers. Time‐of‐flight angiograms were also acquired prior to vessel‐selective dynamic angiography acquisitions in axial, coronal, and/or sagittal planes, using a 3‐T MRI scanner. The latter consisted of a vessel‐encoded pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling pulse train of 300 or 1000 ms followed by a two‐dimensional thick‐slab flow‐compensated fast low angle shot readout combined with a segmented Look‐Locker sampling strategy (temporal resolution = 55 ms). Selective labeling was performed at the level of the neck to generate individual angiograms for both right and left internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Individual vessel angiograms were reconstructed using a bayesian inference method. The vessel‐selective dynamic angiograms obtained were consistent with the time‐of‐flight images, and the longer of the two vessel‐encoded pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling pulse train durations tested (1000 ms) was found to give better distal vessel visibility. This technique provides highly selective angiograms quickly and noninvasively that could potentially be used in place of intra‐arterial x‐ray angiography for larger vessels. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Education and employment status of children and adults with thalassemia in North America
Authors: Pakbaz Zahra , Treadwell Marsha , Kim Hae‐Young , Trachtenberg Felicia , Parmar Nagina , Kwiatkowski Janet L. , Cunningham Melody J. , Martin Marie , Sweeters Nancy , Neufeld Ellis J. , Giardina Patricia J. , Olivieri Nancy , Yamashita Robert C. , Vichinsky Elliott 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in the management of thalassemia have resulted in increased life expectancy and new challenges. We conducted the first survey of education and employment status of people with thalassemia in North America.ProceduresA total of 633 patients (349 adults and 284 school age children) enrolled in the Thalassemia Clinical Research Network (TCRN) registry in Canada and the U.S. were included in the data analysis. Predictors considered for analysis were age, gender, race/ethnicity, site of treatment (Canada vs. United States), transfusion and chelation status, serum ferritin, and clinical complications.ResultsSeventy percent of adults were employed of which 67% reported working full‐time. Sixty percent had a college degree and 14% had achieved some post‐college education. Eighty‐two percent of school age children were at expected grade level. In a multivariate analysis for adults, Whites (OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.50–5.06) were more likely to be employed compared to Asians. Higher education in adults was associated with older age (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.29–2.15), female gender (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.32–3.23) and absence of lung disease (OR = 14.3, 95% CI: 2.04–100). Younger children (OR = 5.7 for 10‐year increments, 95% CI: 2.0–16.7) and Canadian patients (OR = 5.6, 95% CI: 1.5–20) were more likely to be at the expected education level. Neither transfusion nor chelation was associated with lower employment or educational achievement.ConclusionsIndividuals with thalassemia in North America can achieve higher education; however, full‐time employment remains a problem. Transfusion and chelation do not affect employment or education status of this patient population. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:678–683. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐TNF therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: the role of primary care
Authors: Hui Michelle , Ding Tina , Deighton Chris 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWith increasingly complex drug combinations and new biological drugs being used, there is a need for good communication between primary and secondary care for optimal RA management. This article addresses the issues that may arise in the shared management of patients on anti‐TNF therapies. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Properties of TiO2‐based transparent conducting oxides
Authors: Hitosugi Taro , Yamada Naoomi , Nakao Shoichiro , Hirose Yasushi , Hasegawa Tetsuya 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe development and properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2)‐based transparent conducting oxides (TCO), which exhibit properties comparable to those of In2–xSnxO3 (ITO), are reviewed in this article. An epitaxial thin film of anatase Ti0.94Nb0.06O2 exhibited a resistivity (ρ) of 2.3 × 10−4 Ω cm and internal transmittance of ∼95% in the visible light region. Furthermore, we prepared polycrystalline films with ρ of 6.4 × 10−4 Ω cm at room temperature on glass substrates by using sputtering. We focus on characteristics unique to TiO2‐based TCO, such as a high refractive index, high transmittance in infrared, and high stability in reducing atmospheres. Possible applications of TiO2‐based TCOs, as well as the mechanism of the transparent conducting properties found in this d‐electron‐based TCO, are discussed in this review.magnified image
Photograph showing TiO2‐based TCO on a transparent plastic film. Note that the film appears greenish due to interference in the film originating from its high refractive index. This high refractive index is one of the unique characteristics of TiO2‐based TCO.
Effect of pycnogenol® on glucose transport in mature 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Lee Hee‐Hyun , Kim Kui‐Jin , Lee Ok‐Hwan , Lee Boo‐Yong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPycnogenol®, a procyanidins‐enriched extract of Pinus maritima bark, possesses antidiabetic properties, which improves the altered parameters of glucose metabolism that are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since the insulin‐stimulated antidiabetic activities of natural bioactive compounds are mediated by GLUT4 via the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K) and/or p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38‐MAPK) pathway, the effects of pycnogenol® were examined on the molecular mechanism of glucose uptake by the glucose transport system. 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were treated with various concentrations of pycnogenol®, and glucose uptake was examined using a non‐radioisotope enzymatic assay and by molecular events associated with the glucose transport system using semi‐quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The results show that pycnogenol® increased glucose uptake in fully differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and increased the relative abundance of both GLUT4 and Akt mRNAs through the PI3K pathway in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, pycnogenol® restored the PI3K antagonist‐induced inhibition of glucose uptake in the presence of wartmannin, an inhibitor of the PI3K. Overall, these results indicate that pycnogenol® may stimulate glucose uptake via the PI3K dependent tyrosine kinase pathways involving Akt. Further the results suggest that pycnogenol® might be useful in maintaining blood glucose control. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global geodynamic evolution of the Earth and global geodynamic models
Authors: Dobretsov N.L. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The paper is a synthesis of models for basic geodynamic processes (spreading, subduction transient into collision, mantle plumes) in relation with the Earth’s evolution and regularly changing geodynamic parameters. The main trends and milestones of this evolution record irreversible cooling of the Earth’s interior, oxidation of the surface, and periodic changes in geodynamic processes. The periodicity consists of cycles of three characteristic sizes, namely 700–800 Myr global cycles, 120, 90, and 30 Myr smaller cycles, and short-period millennial to decadal oscillations controlled by changing Earth’s orbital parameters and, possibly, also by other extraterrestrial factors. Major events and estimates of mantle and surface temperatures, heat flow, viscosity, and the respective regimes of convection and plume magmatism have been reported for the largest periods of the Earth’s history: Hadean (4.6–3.9 Ga), Early Archean (3.9–3.3 Ga), Late Archean (3.3–2.6 Ga), Early Proterozoic (2.6–1.9 Ga), Middle Proterozoic (1.9–1.1 Ga), Neoproterozoic (1.1–0.6 Ga), and Phanerozoic with two substages of 0.6–0.3 and 0.3–0 Ga.
Current geodynamics is discussed with reference to models of spreading, subduction, and plume activity. Spreading is considered in terms of double-layered mantle convection, with focus on processes in the vicinity of mid-ocean ridges. The problem of mafic melt migration through the upper mantle beneath spreading ridges is treated qualitatively. Main emphasis is placed on models of melting, comparison of experimental and observed melt compositions, and their variations in periods of magmatic activity (about 100 kyr long) and quiescence. The extent and ways of interaction of fluids and melts rising from subduction zones with the ambient mantle remain the most controversial. Plume magmatism is described with a “gas torch” model of thermochemical plumes generated at the core-mantle boundary due to local chemical doping with volatiles (H2, CH2, KH, etc.) which are released from the metallic outer core, become oxidized in the lower mantle, and decrease the melting point of the latter. The concluding section concerns periodicities in endogenous processes and their surface consequences, including the related biospheric evolution.
The Supreme Principle of Morality
Authors: Bond E. J. 
Published: June 2010

In this paper I wish to put forward and defend a certain candidate for—I borrow the expression from Kant—the supreme principle of morality, understanding by ‘morality’ moral requirement or necessity.It is a matter of fairly general agreement concerning judgments of moral requirement (which I shall call deontic judgments) (1) that singular judgments are generalizable, and (2) that all nonanalytic deontic judgments have prescriptive force. To amplify: An individual act, if it is judged to be morally required or morally wrong (its omission required), is judged to be such as falling under some completely general description, i.e. a description containing no uniquely referring expressions, and a general judgment respecting acts as acts of that description is implied. And it belongs to the very nature of non-analytic deontic judgments, i.e. it is true as a matter of meaning, that they bear on questions of rational decision or choice. The latter is true, of course, of all moral and other practical judgments. The case for the prescriptive force of affirmative deontic judgments can be put even more strongly, since they are understood not merely to provide, or affirm the existence of, reasons for choice, but to provide, or affirm the existence of overriding or imperative reasons, reasons which are therefore normally sufficient or conclusive, regardless of what the agent's wants may otherwise be.
Goethe: A Psychoanalytic Study, 1775–1786
Authors: Ellenberger H. F. 
Published: June 2010

K. R. Eissler's book is a significant contribution to the study of the psychological process of creation and of the origin of genius, insofar as that problem can be illuminated by a psychoanalytic inquiry into one crucial period in the life of one man of genius: Goethe.Some readers may be frightened by the size of these two volumes, totalling 1538 pages with a complex apparatus of footnotes and appendices (the many quotations from Goethe given in English translation are always substantiated with the German original text in footnotes).
La Connaissance de l'individuel au moyen âge
Authors: Racette Jean 
Published: June 2010

C'est Paul Vignaux le grand médiéviste de la Sorbonne, qui a préfacé le livre du P. Camille Bérubé, O.F.M., Cap., l'un de ses collègues de l'Institut d'Études Médiévales de Montréal, sur La Connaissance de l'individuel au Moyen Age. Tout en présentant l'ouvrage aux lecteurs non médiévistes, il se plaît à louer l'érudition, le sens de la synthèse et la liberté d'esprit du chercheur patient et objectif qu'est le P. Bérubé.Sans être nous-même médiéviste, il nous semble qu'il s'agit ici d'une œuvre qui fait honneur à la recherche canadienne en ce domaine. Nous l'avons lu, en tout cas, comme on lit un roman d'aventures, en nous demandant dès le début et en souhaitant de plus en plus vivement, au fur et à mesure que nous progressions, ce que la suite allait nous révéler.
Le Comique et le Philosophique
Authors: Lagadec Claude 
Published: June 2010

Cet ouvrage, qui est dédié à Karl Jaspers et préfacè par le maître, est une nouvelle édition de l'œuvre parue il y a vingt ans. Son auteur nous affirme aujourd'hui (p. 222): « J'aurais dû, peut-être, retoucher ce livre. J'y ai pensé mais je ne l'ai pas pu ». Il est sans doute très difficile de récrire une œuvre de jeunesse.Le propos de ce livre est relativement simple; il veut montrer que la philosophic est une illusion, parce qu'elle repose sur une décision du sujet qui se cherche à travers les objets qu'il examine. Il y aurait, à la base de l'entreprise philosophique une « duplicité fondamentale » (p. 57), de telle sorte que cette discipline ne peut aller que d'échec en échec. « Pour la clarté même de l'intelligence, il faut qu'elle sache oû ses preuves sont impossibles. Or, l'histoire me semble avoir démontré que la philosophic n'atteint pas à l'évidence scientifique » (p. 56).
Le Rapport âme-corps chez le premier Marcel
Authors: Cromp Germaine 
Published: June 2010

Un philosophe ne meurt que dans la mesure où sa pensée ne nous est plus présente, dirait Marcel. Nous croyons donc rendre hommage au Père Racette en continuant dans la philosophie contemporaine la recherche, si bien commencée chez Merleau-Ponty et Michel Henry, du sens du lien au corps.Dans l'ordre historique, le point de départ servant de donnépivot s'avère le dualisme cartésien. Depuis que Platon a regardé l'homme comme menant deux coursiers tendant sans cesse à diverger de direction, l'un figure de l'âme, l'autre du corps, un dualisme ontologique est né qui a toujours trouvé place en philosophie. Saint Thomas, sous l'influence néo-platonicienne, a vu une pénétration de la lumière de l'esprit dans les sensibiliés supérieures et de là dans les sensibilités inférieures.
L'écriture automatique et son influence sur la poésie d'aujourd'hui
Authors: Brault Jacques 
Published: June 2010

Prise sens éroit l'écriture automatique serait un mode d'expression basé sur l'activité subconsciente, dont se réclament plusieurs écoles d'art et de littérature contemporaines.A dire vrai on pourrait réquire certaines formes psychologiquement inexpliquées de l'inspiration à l'écriture automatique — et ce tout au long de l'Histoire — quand les cadres logiques sont dépassés à l'insu de l'auteur ou abolis par l'interprète de l'æuvre.
La Poétique d'Alain
Authors: Sasseville Thérèse 
Published: June 2010

Dans un article intitulé l'Avenir de la littérature, Onimus écrit: « Nous sommes entrés—pour la première fois sans doute dans l'histoire de l'humanité—dans une société où la poésie en tant que genre littéraire est ignorée ou considérée comme une activité bizarre, quelque chose d'entièrement désuet, de ridicule, voire de dangereux, à la limite de l'aliénation ».Il dit bien. L'orientation du public actuel est un phénomène inédit qui invite à réfléchir. Et de fait, l'auteur fournit à cette attitude trois raisons pénétrantes. D'abord, le cinéma draine à lui les grands créateurs; les Mémoires ensuite provoquent de l'engouement; la vie trépidante enfin tient en horreur la rhétorique, les fleurs et les figures. À ces causes, il faut ajouter les manifestes impatients qui lancent le poète à la conquête des sons, au mépris de la forme, au triomphe de l'absurde et lui font produire des œuvres qui ne sauraient retenir l'attention.
Beyond Logical Empiricism
Authors: Shea William R. 
Published: June 2010

The mainstream of the philosophy of science in the second quarter of this century—the so-called “logical empiricist” or “logical positivist” movement—assumed that theoretical language in science is parasitic upon observation language and can be eliminated from scientific discourse by disinterpretation and formalization, or by explicit definition in or reduction to observational language. But several fashionable views now place the onus on believers in an observation language to show how such a language is meaningful in the absence of a theory.In the present paper, I propose to show why logical positivism failed to do justice to the basic empirical and logical problems of philosophy of science. I also wish to consider why the drastic reaction, typified by Thomas Kuhn and Paul Feyerabend, fails t o provide a suitable alternative, and to suggest that the radical approaches of recent writers such as Mary Hesse and Dudley Shapere hold out a genuine promise of dealing effectively with the central tasks that face the philosopher of science today.