bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective and risk factors at school level during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Perspective of primary school students with LD and ADHD from Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia
Authors: Janković Dragan , Cvitković Daniela , Babuder Milena Košak 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and its effect on the world led to major changes in educational practices worldwide and presented many challenges for students from vulnerable groups. In this study, we examined protective and risk factors related to schooling from the perspective of students with learning disabilities (LD) and/or attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during the pandemic in three European countries. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with 53 primary school students and analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results showed that additional individualised educational support from the school was the most common protective factor, followed by the availability of synchronous teaching. On the other hand, lack of individualisation and additional educational support, and shortcomings in teaching strategies during distance education, were the most common risk factors. These findings lead to the conclusion that school professionals need additional training on academic accommodations for LD and/or ADHD students and how to provide them under the conditions of distance and hybrid education.
Teaching middle school students with learning disabilities argumentative writing using SRSD with technology supports
Authors: Ray Amber B. , Mason Tara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTeaching middle school students with learning disabilities strategies for writing essays that incorporate information from source texts helps prepare them for academic success. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of self‐regulated strategy development (SRSD) writing instruction using technology tools implemented by special education teachers on the source‐based argumentative writing performance of middle school students with learning disabilities. In this quasi‐experimental, pretest–posttest design study, three middle school special education teachers engaged in online Practice‐Based Professional Development. The teachers then implemented SRSD writing instruction to teach source‐based argumentative writing with technology tools. Implementation of the SRSD writing instruction by special education teachers positively impacted the number of argumentative elements, quality, number of transitions and length of students' source‐based argumentative essays. Teachers implemented the intervention with high fidelity and quality and felt that the intervention supported their students' writing. Teachers and students were positive about the SRSD writing instruction. This study adds to the evidence base that SRSD is an effective writing intervention for middle school students with learning disabilities.
Extraction of Heracleum dissectum soluble dietary fiber by different methods: Structure and antioxidant properties
Authors: Zhang Jing , Guo Jialiang , Yang Xiyue , Yang Xu , Zhang Xiuling , Wu Fei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHeracleum dissectum is rich in nutrients, but there is little research on its soluble dietary fiber (SDF). In this study, SDF from H. dissectum was extracted by enzyme extraction (E‐SDF), enzyme chemical extraction (EC‐SDF), and fermentation extraction (F‐SDF). The composition, molecular weight (Mw), structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of SDF extracted by the three methods were compared. This study showed that different extraction methods lead to differences in their structure. The Mw results showed that F‐SDF had the largest Mw, the structure of SDF could be destroyed by enzymatic hydrolysis, and large molecules could be converted into small molecules. The monosaccharide composition analysis showed that the main sugars of E‐SDF, EC‐SDF, and F‐SDF were galacturonic acid and galactose, and the main components of the three SDF samples were hemicellulose hydrolyzed pectin and soluble polysaccharide. Notably, E‐SDF had the greatest antioxidant effect at the same concentration. In summary, different extraction methods can affect the structure and antioxidant capacity of H. dissectum SDF, among which E‐SDF has potential as a functional food ingredient.
Unlocking the genetic tapestry of autoimmune diseases: Unveiling common genes across multiple conditions
Authors: Ghosh Soujanya , Mohanty Rupali , Santra Arunava , Saha Anisha , Agrawal Anubha , Shrivastava Sharmishtha , Roy Chandrashish , Mazumder Ishanee , Das Debarup , Mahmood Syed Haaris 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to unravel the complexities of autoimmune diseases by conducting a comprehensive analysis of gene expression data across 10 conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, Sjögren's syndrome, sclerosis, immune‐associated diseases, osteoarthritis, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 1 diabetes, and Guillain–Barré syndrome.MethodsGene expression profiles were rigorously examined to identify both upregulated and downregulated genes specific to each autoimmune disease. The study employed visual representation techniques such as heatmaps, volcano plots, and contour‐MA plots to provide an intuitive understanding of the complex gene expression patterns in these conditions.ResultsDistinct gene expression profiles for each autoimmune condition were uncovered, with psoriasis and osteoarthritis standing out due to a multitude of both upregulated and downregulated genes, indicating intricate molecular interplays in these disorders. Notably, common upregulated and downregulated genes were identified across various autoimmune conditions, with genes like SELENBP1, MMP9, BNC1, and COL1A1 emerging as pivotal players.ConclusionThis research contributes valuable insights into the molecular signatures of autoimmune diseases, highlighting the unique gene expression patterns characterizing each condition. The identification of common genes shared among different autoimmune conditions, and their potential role in mitigating the risk of rare diseases in patients with more prevalent conditions, underscores the growing significance of genetics in healthcare and the promising future of personalized medicine.
Dietary anthocyanin is associated with a lower prevalence of hyperuricemia independently of metabolic syndrome among females: Results from NHANES 2007–2010 and 2017–2018
Authors: Li Xin , Yang Hao , Zhang Peiyu , Cheng Qi , Tong Shuting , Lu Xiaoyong , Wu Huaxiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveKnown for anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, flavonoid has phytoestrogenic effects, but it is unclear whether its role in hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome (MetS) differs by gender. Moreover, given the strong association between hyperuricemia and MetS, we aimed to explore whether flavonoid is a protective factor for hyperuricemia, independently of MetS, in different genders.MethodsData for 2007–2010 and 2017–2018 were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS). To assess the association among flavonoid, hyperuricemia, and MetS, multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analyses were conducted. Besides, to investigate whether the association between flavonoid and hyperuricemia was independent of MetS, multivariate logistic regression models were further conducted to explore the association between flavonoid and MetS among females with hyperuricemia and to investigate the association between flavonoid and hyperuricemia among females after excluding MetS.ResultAmong 5356 females, anthocyanin intake was inversely associated with the prevalence of hyperuricemia (Q4 vs. Q1: OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.76), and MetS (Q4 vs. Q1: OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.93). Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed the beneficial association between anthocyanin and hyperuricemia among females aged 40 to 59 years and menopausal. However, among 5104 males, no significant association was observed after adjustment for covariates (Q4 vs. Q1: OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.18). While in 372 females with hyperuricemia, no significant association was found between MetS and anthocyanin (Q4 vs. Q1: OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.31 to 2.49). Meanwhile, among 3335 females after excluding MetS, there was still a significant association between anthocyanin and a lower prevalence of hyperuricemia (Q4 vs. Q1: OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.85).ConclusionDietary anthocyanin is associated with a lower prevalence of hyperuricemia independently of MetS among females. Foods rich in anthocyanin should be emphasized for females, especially those aged 40 to 59 years and menopausal, which may be of potential significance in the prevention of hyperuricemia.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists: a narrative review of clinical pharmacology and implications for peri‐operative practice
Authors: Milder David A. , Milder Tamara Y. , Liang Sophie S. , Kam Peter C.A. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists are used increasingly in the management of patients living with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. In patients using glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, a key concern in the peri‐operative period is the increased risk of pulmonary aspiration due to delayed gastric emptying. This review provides an overview of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and the risk of delayed gastric emptying and aspiration.MethodsWe conducted searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases of articles published before January 2024 using the keywords and medical subject headings: incretins; glucagon‐like peptide‐1; GLP‐1; glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists; GLP‐1 RA; peri‐operative period; perioperative; peri‐operative; stomach emptying; gastric emptying; pulmonary aspiration; aspiration; food regurgitation; and regurgitation. The evidence was analysed, synthesised and reported narratively.ResultsA total of 1213 articles were located after duplicates were removed. Two authors screened the titles and abstracts to identify those studies which assessed specifically the risk of delayed gastric emptying and pulmonary aspiration or regurgitation in the peri‐operative period. We searched manually the reference lists of relevant studies to identify any additional case reports. Ten studies were identified. Available evidence was limited to case reports, case series and observational work.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to put forward definitive guidance regarding the ideal cessation period for glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists before elective surgery. Precautionary practice is required until more evidence becomes available. We suggest an individualised, evidence‐based approach. In patients living with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is concern that prolonged cessation before surgery will have a detrimental effect on peri‐operative glycaemic control and discussion with an endocrinologist is advised. For patients taking glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists for weight management, these drugs should be withheld for at least three half‐lives before an elective surgical procedure.
The association of withholding or continuing angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin 2 receptor blockers on acute kidney injury after non‐cardiac surgery
Authors: Choi Jisun , Ryu Dae Kyun , Woo Seunghyeon , Kim Jeayoun , Lee Seungwon , Park Boram , Jeon Kyeongman , Park MiHye 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundWithholding or continuing angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin 2 receptor blockers peri‐operatively in non‐cardiac surgery remains controversial as they may result in intra‐operative hypotension and postoperative organ damage.MethodsWe included patients prescribed angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin 2 receptor blockers who underwent surgical procedures > 1 h duration under general or spinal anaesthesia from January 2012 to June 2022 in a single centre. We categorised patients by whether these drugs were withheld for 24 h before surgery. We evaluated the association of withholding these drugs before non‐cardiac surgery with creatinine concentrations that increased ≥ 26.4 μmol.l‐1 in the first 48 postoperative hours (acute kidney injury). We also analysed changes in creatinine concentrations and estimated glomerular filtration rates.ResultsAngiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin 2 receptor blockers were withheld in 24,285 of 32,933 (74%) patients and continued in 8648 (26%) patients. We used propensity scores for drug discontinuation to match 8631 patient pairs who did or did not continue these drugs: acute kidney injury was recorded for 1791 (21%) patients who continued these drugs vs. 1587 (18%) who did not (OR (95%CI) 1.16 (1.08–1.25), p < 0.001). Intra‐operative hypotension was recorded for 3892 (45%) patients who continued drugs vs. 3373 (39%) patients who did not (OR (95%CI) 1.28 (1.21–1.36), p < 0.001). Continuing drugs was independently associated with a mean increase in creatinine of 2.2 μmol.l‐1 (p < 0.001) and a mean decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate of 1.4 ml.min.1.73 m‐2 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsContinuing angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin 2 receptor blockers 24 h before non‐cardiac surgery was associated with intra‐operative hypotension and postoperative acute kidney injury.
Enteral nutrition compared with corticosteroids in children with Crohn's disease: A long‐term nationwide study from the epi‐IIRN
Authors: Plotkin Luba , Buchuk Rachel , Lujan Rona , Focht Gili , Greenfeld Shira , Kariv Revital , Weisband Yiska Loewenberg , Lederman Natan , Matz Eran , Dotan Iris , Reifen Ram , Turner Dan 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundBoth corticosteroids and exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) have been used as induction therapy in children with Crohn's disease (CD).AimTo compare in a nationwide study the long‐term outcomes of children with CD receiving either EEN or corticosteroids as induction therapy.MethodsWe retrieved data of all children diagnosed with CD (2005–2020) from the epi‐IIRN cohort covering 98% of the Israeli population. The primary outcome was time to complicated disease course (i.e., surgery, steroid‐dependency, or at least 2 biologic class). Patients were matched individually utilising propensity score adjustments.ResultsWe included 410 children treated with EEN and 375 with corticosteroids without other treatments (median follow‐up, 4.73 [IQR: 2.2–7.2] years [1433 patient‐years]). For 274 matched children, the probability of a complicated course was higher with corticosteroids than EEN at 0.5, 3 and 5 years (14% vs. 4%, 42% vs. 27% and 54% vs. 41%, respectively, p = 0.0066), despite similar use of biologics. Steroid‐dependency (10% vs. 2%, 15% vs. 3%, and 20% vs. 5%, respectively, p = 0.00018), and hospitalisations (20% vs. 11%, 37% vs. 26%, and 55% vs. 38%, respectively, p = 0.002) were higher with corticosteroids. During follow‐up, children receiving corticosteroids as induction treatment were more often further exposed to corticosteroids, and those on EEN were more often further exposed to nutritional treatment (p < 0.001). Induction with EEN had no advantage over corticosteroids regarding survival probability of surgeries, biologic use and growth.ConclusionsEEN in paediatric CD is associated with lower long‐term risks of corticosteroid dependency and hospitalisation than corticosteroids. These results may lend support to favouring nutritional therapy in paediatric CD.
Cylindrical abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer using the Hugo RAS system: The first ever case report for rectal cancer
Authors: Toyota Maho , Miyo Masaaki , Okuya Koichi , Ito Tatsuya , Akizuki Emi , Noda Ai , Ogawa Tadashi , Ishii Masayuki , Miura Ryo , Ichihara Momoko , Kimura Akina , Takemasa Ichiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn May 2023, the Hugo RAS system obtained pharmaceutical approval for use in gastroenterological surgery in Japan. It is expected to be particularly effective in rectal cancer surgery, which require the manipulation of the deep pelvic cavity and communication with surgeons operating from the intraperitoneal and anal approaches. A 68‐year‐old woman presented to our hospital with bloody stools and was diagnosed with cStage I (cT2N0M0) rectal cancer and underwent abdominoperineal resection employing the Hugo RAS system. Two arm carts were placed on the left and right lateral sides with an interleg space, and trocars were placed in a straight line between the right superior iliac spine and umbilicus. Herein, we report the first abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer using the Hugo RAS system.
Explaining consumer willingness to pay for country‐of‐origin labeling with ethnocentrism, country image, and product image: Examples from China's beef market
Authors: Gao Shijun , Grebitus Carola , DeLong Karen L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChinese beef imports have been increasing in recent years. At the same time, Chinese public sentiment toward foreign countries, including those who export beef to China, has been changing. Therefore, this research uses a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to investigate the role of ethnocentrism, country image, and product image on consumer willingness to pay for country‐of‐origin labeled beef. Results indicate, on average, Chinese consumers prefer domestic beef most, and value beef from Australia and the US somewhat similarly. Their willingness to pay varies based on their perceived image of the country that the beef originates from and based on their perception of the safety of the beef, that is, product image. The more ethnocentric consumers are, the more they prefer domestic beef and discount foreign beef. Importantly, the effects of ethnocentrism, country image, and product image are stronger on the willingness to pay for domestic beef than for imported beef. More generally, findings indicate that controlling for ethnocentrism, country image, and product image contributes to understanding consumer willingness to pay for products originating from foreign countries. Overall, findings suggest that stronger ethnocentric tendencies lead to lower willingness to pay for imported beef (with some exceptions), and positive country image and product image increase the willingness to pay for imported beef. Thus, it is important to consider these constructs when estimating consumer willingness to pay for imported products, especially for countries where public sentiment toward exporting countries may be prone to change in a dynamic global environment.
Differences in weight‐loss outcomes among race‐gender subgroups by behavioural intervention delivery mode: An analysis of the POWER trial
Authors: Brown Kristal L. , Wang Nae‐Yuh , Bennett Wendy L. , Gudzune Kimberly A. , Daumit Gail , Dalcin Arlene , Jerome Gerald J. , Coughlin Janelle W. , Appel Lawrence J. , Clark Jeanne M. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryPrior in‐person behavioural intervention studies have documented differential weight loss between men and women and by race, with Black women receiving the least benefit. Remotely delivered interventions are now commonplace, but few studies have compared outcomes by race‐gender groups and delivery modality. We conducted a secondary analysis of POWER, a randomized trial (NCT00783315) designed to determine the effectiveness of 2 active, lifestyle‐based, weight loss interventions (remote vs. in‐person) compared to a control group. Participants with obesity and at least one cardiovascular disease risk factor (N = 415) were recruited in the Baltimore, MD area. Data from 233 white and 170 Black individuals were used for this analysis. Following an intention‐to‐treat approach, we compared the mean percent weight loss at 24 months by race‐gender subgroups using repeated‐measures, mixed‐effects models. Everyone lost weight in the active interventions however, weight loss differed by race and gender. white and Black men had similar results for both interventions (white: in‐person (−7.6%) remote (−7.4%); Black: in‐person (−4.7%) remote (−4.4%)). In contrast, white women lost more weight with the in‐person intervention (in‐person (−7.2%) compared to the remote (−4.4%)), whereas Black women lost less weight in the in‐person group compared to the remote intervention at 24 months (−2.0% vs. −3.0%, respectively; p for interaction <.001). We found differences between the effectiveness of the 2 weight loss interventions—in‐person or remote—in white and Black women at 24 months. Future studies should consider intervention modality when designing weight loss interventions for women.
Learning the Meanings of Function Words From Grounded Language Using a Visual Question Answering Model
Authors: Portelance Eva , Frank Michael C. , Jurafsky Dan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInterpreting a seemingly simple function word like “or,” “behind,” or “more” can require logical, numerical, and relational reasoning. How are such words learned by children? Prior acquisition theories have often relied on positing a foundation of innate knowledge. Yet recent neural‐network‐based visual question answering models apparently can learn to use function words as part of answering questions about complex visual scenes. In this paper, we study what these models learn about function words, in the hope of better understanding how the meanings of these words can be learned by both models and children. We show that recurrent models trained on visually grounded language learn gradient semantics for function words requiring spatial and numerical reasoning. Furthermore, we find that these models can learn the meanings of logical connectives and and or without any prior knowledge of logical reasoning as well as early evidence that they are sensitive to alternative expressions when interpreting language. Finally, we show that word learning difficulty is dependent on the frequency of models' input. Our findings offer proof‐of‐concept evidence that it is possible to learn the nuanced interpretations of function words in a visually grounded context by using non‐symbolic general statistical learning algorithms, without any prior knowledge of linguistic meaning.
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) and the Functions of Consciousness
Authors: Ludwig Dylan , Khalidi Muhammad Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract“Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response” (ASMR) refers to a sensory‐emotional experience that was first explicitly identified and named within the past two decades in online discussion boards. Since then, there has been mounting psychological and neural evidence of a clustering of properties common to the phenomenon of ASMR, including convergence on the set of stimuli that trigger the experience, the properties of the experience itself, and its downstream effects. Moreover, psychological instruments have begun to be developed and employed in an attempt to measure it. Based on this empirical work, we make the case that despite its nonscientific origins, ASMR is a good candidate for being a real kind in the cognitive sciences. The phenomenon appears to have a robust causal profile and may also have an adaptive evolutionary history. We also argue that a more thorough understanding of the distinctive type of phenomenal experience involved in an ASMR episode can shed light on the functions of consciousness, and ultimately undermine certain “cognitive” theories of consciousness. We conclude that ASMR should be the subject of more extensive scientific investigation, particularly since it may also have the potential for therapeutic applications.