bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health effects of residential wood smoke particles: the importance of combustion conditions and physicochemical particle properties
Authors: Kocbach Bølling Anette , Pagels Joakim , Yttri Karl Espen , Barregard Lars , Sallsten Gerd , Schwarze Per E , Boman Christoffer 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Background
Residential wood combustion is now recognized as a major particle source in many developed countries, and the number of studies investigating the negative health effects associated with wood smoke exposure is currently increasing. The combustion appliances in use today provide highly variable combustion conditions resulting in large variations in the physicochemical characteristics of the emitted particles. These differences in physicochemical properties are likely to influence the biological effects induced by the wood smoke particles.

Outline
The focus of this review is to discuss the present knowledge on physicochemical properties of wood smoke particles from different combustion conditions in relation to wood smoke-induced health effects. In addition, the human wood smoke exposure in developed countries is explored in order to identify the particle characteristics that are relevant for experimental studies of wood smoke-induced health effects. Finally, recent experimental studies regarding wood smoke exposure are discussed with respect to the applied combustion conditions and particle properties.

Conclusion
Overall, the reviewed literature regarding the physicochemical properties of wood smoke particles provides a relatively clear picture of how these properties vary with the combustion conditions, whereas particle emissions from specific classes of combustion appliances are less well characterised. The major gaps in knowledge concern; (i) characterisation of the atmospheric transformations of wood smoke particles, (ii) characterisation of the physicochemical properties of wood smoke particles in ambient and indoor environments, and (iii) identification of the physicochemical properties that influence the biological effects of wood smoke particles.
Synthesis of Poly(oxoammonium salt)s and Their Electrical Properties in the Organic Thin Film Device
Authors: Suga Takeo , Takeuchi Shunya , Ozaki Takanori , Sakata Miki , Oyaizu Kenichi , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Two redox-active poly(oxoammonium salt)s were synthesized via chemical oxidation of a TEMPO-substituted polymer, or conventional radical polymerization of the oxoammonium monomer, respectively. The diode-structured thin film device composed of poly(oxoammonium salt) with radical conc. of 6–43% exhibited a resistive switching behavior (ON–OFF ratio &gt;103), in contrast to the radical-free poly(oxoammonium salt), which revealed that the coexistence of radical/oxoammonium salts contributed to a significant change in I–V characteristics.
Biplanar Visualization of Oxygen Pressure by Sensory Coatings of Luminescent Pt–Porpholactone and –Porphyrin Polymers
Authors: Waskitoaji Wihatmoko , Hyakutake Tsuyoshi , Kato Junji , Watanabe Masahiro , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Luminescent oxygen sensory polymer coatings composed of platinum tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porpholactone and -porphyrin with poly(trimethylsilylpropyne) were prepared. Two luminescence peaks at 750 and 650 nm from the coating ascribed to the porpholactone and the porphyrin, respectively, were efficiently quenched with oxygen and were separately monitored to allow the simultaneous measurement of oxygen partial pressure distribution upon two planar surfaces.
A Dinuclear Zinc Complex, [Zn2(μ-H2THBQ)(TPA)2](ClO4)2, [TPA = Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine; H2THBQ2− = 2,3,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinonate], Exhibiting Two-proton Coupled Two-electron Donating Ability
Authors: Asato Eiji , Miyazato Shoji , Tohma Haruka , Takara Satoshi , Tadokoro Makoto , Miyazato Yuji , Yoshioka Daisuke , Mikuriya Masahiro 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The reaction of Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O with TPA and H4THBQ in methanol gave air-sensitive crystalline powder [Zn2(μ-H2THBQ)(TPA)2](ClO4)2 (1). An equimolar reaction of 1 with 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) in acetonitrile under Ar atmosphere quantitatively produced 1,4-hydroquinone and [Zn2(μ-RHOD)(TPA)2](ClO4)2 (2) as a result of the 2H+, 2e proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) reaction.
M9Gd2W4O24:Eu3+ (M2+=Ca2+ and Sr2+) Red Phosphors for NUV and Blue InGaN-based WLEDs
Authors: Zeng Qihua , He Pei , Zhang Xinguo , Liang Hongbin , Gong Menglian , Su Qiang 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
M9Gd2W4O24:Eu3+ (M2+=Ca2+ and Sr2+) phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction, and the phosphors show intense red emission under 395 and 465 nm excitations, which matched the emission wavelength of a near-UV (NUV) chip and a blue chip, respectively. Bright white LEDs were fabricated, and the performances of the LEDs demonstrate that the tetra-tungstate phosphors are suitable for application to NUV and blue InGaN-based WLEDs.
Integrating Horticulture Into the Vocational Rehabilitation Process of Individuals With Exhaustion Syndrome (Burnout): A Pilot Study
Authors: Millet Patrick 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis pilot study was intended to examine and to document whether the use of the garden environment and the activities that make up horticulture could be considered a possible method to be used in the vocational rehabilitation of persons sick-listed due to high levels of stress. The study is based on a theoretical (four-step) model using horticulture and the garden environment to provide the foundation of vocational rehabilitation for individuals with prolonged fatigue, chronic fatigue and burnout. The general interpretation is that the results are positive and promising but that further research is needed and should be pursued to examine what causal relationship(s) exist between the garden environment and the reduction of arousal levels; the effectiveness of pursuing this VR process for persons sick listed for stress-related complaints.
A Report on the Return-to-Work Rates Following Compensatable Accident or Injury
Authors: Athanasou James A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study examined return-to-work in a sample of 468 compensatable injury cases. These included amputees, brain damage, hearing loss, mental disorders, musculoskeletal problems, nervous system, paraplegia, sight loss and miscellaneous conditions. Around 35% returned to work. It was substantially higher for work-related injuries compared to motor vehicle accidents or general insurance claims. Those who underwent surgery or were admitted to hospital had higher return-to-work rates than those never attending hospital. Psychiatric adjustment factors were a major influence on low rates of return-to-work. Other social and demographic factors were considered (gender, age, city vs. rural location, whether a spinal injury was involved, family status, years of schooling, qualifications, job status at time of accident, occupation). Eight out of 17 possible factors were more statistically significantly related than the remainder to whether someone was working but the substantive limitations of even relevant pre- or post-accident indicators are outlined.
Bringing to Life Baltimore '68: Riots and Rebirth—A How-to Guide
Authors: Elfenbein Jessica I. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This article provides an overview of Baltimore '68: Riots and Rebirth, the multifaceted work led by the University of Baltimore over the course of four years to hear the many voices of our community and to document the varied ways the causes and effects of the civil unrest of April 1968 affected Baltimore and scores of other American cities. Our work, lauded in the national press, received the National Council on Public History's Outstanding Project and the American Association of State and Local History's Award of Merit and 2009 WOW Award. We believe this kind of history, different from popular booster narratives, is a model for public history projects. This article also considers the ways in which universities, as anchor institutions, are increasingly taking the lead in public history and other civic engagement projects. The creative use of university and community resources, including AmeriCorps participation and collaborative partnerships, is also considered.
Constructing Public History in the Classroom: The 1968 Riots as a Case Study
Authors: Nix Elizabeth M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
When nontraditional undergraduates collected oral histories about the disturbances that followed Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination in April 1968, their deep Baltimore roots became an invaluable asset to the Baltimore '68: Riots and Rebirth project. The racial diversity of the student body at the University of Baltimore allowed interviewers to capture a wide variety of viewpoints, and that breadth of perspectives became central to the researchers' understanding of the controversial topic. The assignment forced students to actively construct an interpretation of an event that other historians had ignored, revealing subjective complexities central to historical thinking.
Baltimore '68: Riots and Rebirth—The Building of a Digital Collection
Authors: Hollowak Thomas L. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
There are few secondary sources but much primary material in private and public collections related to the Baltimore Civil Disturbances of 1968. When the University of Baltimore decided to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of Dr. King's death, the aftermath of civil disturbances, and the rebirth that resulted, planners of the project that came to be known as Baltimore '68: Riots and Rebirth discussed making these resources available to a wide audience. The solution was the creation of a Web site, which includes news articles, transcripts of more than one hundred oral histories, collections from private citizens, student and faculty research projects, a 1968 interactive retrospective calendar, demographic and crime maps, and links to Web sites on the Newark-Detroit 1967 and the Washington D.C. 1968 civil disturbances and on the Civil Rights Movement both in Maryland and nationally.
Baltimore '68: An Assessment
Authors: Shopes Linda 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This commentary on the preceding six articles identifies those elements that contributed to Baltimore '68: Riot and Rebirth's success as a public history program, even as it raises questions about the program's long-term impact. It pays particular attention to the way the oral history interviews conducted as part of the program created a more inclusive public conversation about the Baltimore riot. It also recognizes the importance of the University of Baltimore's commitment to what is often termed the scholarship of engagement by marshalling institution-wide resources for the program; and suggests commonalities between engaged scholarship and public history. Finally, this commentary suggests that while Baltimore '68 was enormously successful as a public humanities program, the depth and duration of its civic impact are less certain, and as a consequence, it raises issues simultaneously organizational, conceptual, and social.
The Singing Cowboy and the Professor: The New West at the Autry National Center
Authors: Pubols Louise 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The Autry National Center has engaged with the New Western History since its conception, yet faces many challenges in so doing. The name itself implies a romantic interpretation of the region, and the art and artifacts it holds are strongest in traditional subjects such as saloons, gunfighters, and cowboys. Yet the museum's founders were also committed to showing the history of women and the many cultures of the West in an honest way. Since its opening, exhibitions have expanded the scope to look at the environment, cities, and the twentieth-century West.
Beyond the Academy: Making the New Western History Matter in Local Communities
Authors: Smoak Gregory E. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Since its emergence in the mid-1980s, the “new western history” has become a standard approach for interpreting the region's past and has influenced the practice of public history in important ways. This essay summarizes the concerns and assumptions of the new western historians and then assesses the impact of their scholarship on public history. Of particular concern is its effect on community museums in the West. Two case studies from museums in Colorado are presented. Finally, the author argues that the spirit of community engagement evinced by some of its leading practitioners has been an important, if less visible, impact of the new western history.
Bisphosphonates and Time to Osteonecrosis Development
Authors: Palaska Pinelopi Kleio , Cartsos Vassiliki , Zavras Athanasios I. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Evaluate the current state of knowledge regarding risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw as it relates to dose and duration of intravenous bisphosphonates.Explain the concept of risk assessment in the context of preventing the development of osteonecrosis of the jaw.Describe the pathophysiology of ONJ and outline contributing factors such as invasive dental procedures, comorbidities, concomitant medications, vitamin D deficiency and/or hyperparathyroidism, certain genotypes, smoking, and the role of obesity.
This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com.
Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BONJ) is a complication of long-term bisphosphonate (BP) use. Given the beneficial effects of BP on bone quality in patients with cancer or osteoporosis, it is of great importance to understand the risk as it relates to time to event or cumulative dose until the onset of disease. Because there is no information on the lowest toxic dose from clinical trials, here we report on a review of 71 case series published since 2003. We calculated the weighted mean time to event, as well as the minimum reported time and dose for zoledronate, pamidronate, and oral bisphosphonates. The mean time to BONJ after zoledronate treatment was calculated at 1.8 years and the minimum was 10 months; after pamidronate, the mean time was 2.8 years and the minimum was 1.5 years; and after oral BP therapy, the mean time was 4.6 years and the minimum was 3 years. Zoledronic acid seems to be the most potent among the nitrogen-containing BPs. Factors that seem to affect BONJ and time to event were invasive dental procedures and other comorbid factors such as advanced age, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, use of corticosteroids, vitamin D deficiency, and more. Understanding the pathophysiology of the disease requires further research.
Effect of the Number of Applications of Acetone-based Adhesives on Microtensile Bond Strength and the Hybrid Layer
Authors: Elkassas D. , Taher H. A. , Elsahn N. , Hafez R. , El-Badrawy W. 
Published: November 2009

Clinical Relevance
The application technique of total- and self-etching bonding resins affects their bonding strength to dentin.
Effect of Glass-ionomer Cement Lining on Postoperative Sensitivity in Occlusal Cavities Restored with Resin Composite—A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Burrow M. F. , Banomyong D. , Harnirattisai C. , Messer H. H. 
Published: November 2009

Clinical Relevance
Glass-ionomer lining showed no benefit in reducing postoperative sensitivity associated with occlusal resin composite restorations. The use of self-etching adhesive demonstrated postoperative sensitivity similar to that of total-etching adhesive.
How Dentists Diagnose and Treat Defective Restorations: Evidence from The Dental Practice-based Research Network
Authors: Gordan V. V. , Garvan C. W. , Richman J. S. , Fellows J. L. , Rindal D. B. , Qvist V. , Heft M. W. , Williams O. D. , Gilbert G. H. ,   for the DPBRN Collaborative Group
Published: November 2009

Clinical RelevanceDentists who did not assess caries risk as a routine part of the treatment planning process were more likely to choose a surgical intervention and less likely to choose a preventive treatment.
Characterization and Utilization of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) from Rice Mill of Bangladesh
Authors: Farooque KN , Zaman M , Halim E , Islam S , Hossain M , Mollah YA , Mahmood AJ 
Published: November 2009

The characterization of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) was carried out using conventional chemical analysis and instrumental techniques. Chemical analysis reveals that RHA contains mainly silica along with minor inorganic oxides. Phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the presence of quartz, crystobalite and anorthite, while micro structural features obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows that RHA particles are highly porous and honeycombed structure. Thermal analysis indicates the presence of surface moisture. A wide range of particles (0.001-0.100 mm) are present in the sample with 59% below the size of 0.05 mm. However after characterization, utilization of RHA as a potential cost effective ingredient in developing a variety of construction materials (e.g. building brick, insulating brick and pozzolana cement) have been examined. The results obtained are very promising. Keywords : Charcterization, Rice husk ash, XRD, SEM, Construction material. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i2.3666 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(2), 157-162, 2009
Evaluation of Aflatoxins and Pesticide Residues in Fresh and Different Processed Mushrooms
Authors: Kamal Abu Saleh Mostafa , Khair Abul , Dawlatana Mamtaz , Hassan M Tariqul , Begum Fauzia , Rahim Matiur 
Published: November 2009

Mushrooms are becoming popular to us due to their nutritional, medicinal and therapeutic values. Toxicity of aflatoxins, presence of DDT and heptachlor as pesticide residue are rare in edible mushrooms but not non-existent. So an attempt has been made to determine its presence and to the same quantify using HPLC and GC. Total seven categories of mushrooms and mushroom-based food products were analyzed. Among them (6 samples) 85.72% of the total was found to be free from aflatoxins. On the other hand, 5.53282 μgkg-1 of aflatoxin B1 was found to be present in canned Button mushrooms (Agaricus spp).The results revealed that 14.28% (1 sample) of samples were toxicated by aflatoxin B1, compare to the total samples analyzed including the imported was in the form of processed/preserved mushrooms. In the present experiments it was also observed that there were no aflatoxins in fresh-cut mushrooms and in the recently developed Mushroom-juice even in dried and powdered as processed Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) which are being widely cultivated in Bangladesh. No pesticide residue such as DDT or heptachlor was detected in any of the samples examined. Key words: Mushrooms, Oyster, Button, Aflatoxins, DDT, Heptachlor; Pesticide residue. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i2.3671 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(2), 193-198, 2009
Identification of Drosophila Promoter Using Positional Differential Matrix and Support Vector Machine from Sequence Data
Authors: Haque Azizul , Anwar Firoz , Jabid Taskeed , Baker Syed Murtuza , Khan Haseena , Islam Mohammad Nurul , Shoyaib Mohammad 
Published: November 2009

Promoter region plays an important role in controlling gene expression of any living organism. It regulates gene transcription by providing space to the RNA polymerase and transcription factors to bind and interact with. Binding of appropriate transcription initiation complex is determined by the specific promoter sequence carrying gene specific motifs. The promoter recognition process is a part of the complex process where genes interact with each other over time and actually regulates the whole working process of a cell. Thus computational method for identifying promoter is a focal point for researchers. This paper presents an algorithm for identifying Drosophila melanogaster promoter using differential positional frequency matrix between promoter and non-promoter sequences which shows maximum 90.36% tenfold cross validation accuracy. The proposed method exhibits greater accuracy for detecting promoters. Also higher sensitivity and specificity results elucidate that the proposed method is less prone to false negatives and false positives compared to some other existing methods. Key words: Drosophila, Promoter, Sequence data D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i2.3394 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(2): 123-130, 2008 (December)
Construction of Genetic Map of Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) Based on RAPD Markers
Authors: Haque Samiul , Ashraf Nadim , Begum Selina , Sarkar R.H. , Khan Haseena 
Published: November 2009

The first and preliminary genetic linkage map of the jute genome was constructed with RAPD markers using two parents (variety O-9897 and accession no. 1805) and their F2 populations. Linkage analysis at a LOD (Log of odds base 10) score of 3.0 and a maximum distance 50 cM revealed 18 linkage groups. Among the 18 linkage groups, 15 contained single locus and the remaining three groups 16, 17 and 18 contained 2, 11 and 12 loci, respectively. The three multi locus linkage groups varying in length from 15.9 - 241.7 cM, snapped a total length of 463.7 cM with an average marker density of 19.6 cM between adjacent markers. The basic chromosome number of Corchorus spp. is seven (2n = 14), so in saturated map, seven linkage groups should have been obtained to represent the genome. But for linkage group analysis, the effort was very limited and the total number of loci (40) was also low. Key words: Jute, Linkage map, RAPD, Polymorphism D.O.I 10.3329/ptcb.v18i2.3647 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(2): 165-172, 2008 (December)
Jute - Microbiological and Biochemical Research
Authors: Ahmed Zakaria , Nizam Syed Asif 
Published: November 2009

The role of microorganisms obtained from jute (Corchorus spp.) in the retting of dry ribbons of jute was determined. Efficiency of fungus on retting of green ribbon and dry ribbon of jute was also examined. Attempt was made to determine the effect of nature of the harvested jute plants on the production of cuttings and improvement of their fibre quality, and the impact of stem-water ratio and retting of its top and basal parts separately on the quality of fibre. Distribution and activity of microbial population for jute retting and their impact on the water quality of jute growing areas of Bangladesh was also surveyed. Utilization and suitability of retting effluents as a fertilizer in vegetable crops production were also determined. Micrococcus spp. were identified as an accelerator of jute retting. Referring to the recent advancements made in isolating completed/partial genes controlling desirable traits, it is suggested to use the modern molecular technology not only to improve the quality of jute fibres but also bioengineer microbial flora to further reduce the retting time without sacrificing fibre qualities. Key words: Jute, Chemical composition, Bast fibre, Jute-cotton yarn, Transformation D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i2.3651 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(2): 197-220, 2008 (December)
Measuring the performance of aphids: fecundity versus biomass
Authors: Lamb Robert J. , MacKay Patricia A. , Migui Samuel M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFecundity and biomass of nine species of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) feeding on six species of plants were compared to assess whether the two measures are equally effective for quantifying aphid performance. Performance was quantified by measuring both fecundity (the number of offspring born over a defined interval) and biomass (the dry mass of offspring produced) using three variables expected to affect performance: host-plant genotype, aphid genotype, and aphid density. The efficacy of the performance parameters was assessed by comparing their ability to discriminate among treatments for the three variables. Biomass usually provided a more effective measure of performance than fecundity, but for one aphid species, fecundity was more effective than biomass. Biomass of offspring is the preferred measure of performance, but biomass and fecundity should both be recorded whenever practical.