bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
V. Memoir of the Life of Adrian the Fourth
Authors: Trollope E. 
Published: January 2012

Nicholas, the son of Robert Breakspear, was born early in the twelfth century at Langley Abbot's, in Hertfordshire.His father appears to have been a younger son of a family deriving its name from a place situated in the adjoining parish of St. Michael; but was so indigent as to have had recourse to mendicant habits, in which his child probably participated. Upon the death of his wife, Robert Breakspear became first a lay-brother, and then a monk, of the adjacent Abbey of St. Alban's, leaving his young son to provide for himself. Nicholas, thus deserted, very naturally hung about the monastery of which his father was an inmate, waiting among the crowd assembled at its gate for the daily distribution of its broken victuals, and occasionally being employed in fulfilling some of the menial offices of the establishment.
XIII. Narrative by Sir William Swan, of a Journey to Dresden made by him, in 1678; from a Transcript preserved among the Lansdowne MSS. in the British Museum. Communicated in a Letter to the Right Hon. the Earl Stanhope, President
Authors: Ellis Henry 
Published: January 2012

I beg to lay before your Lordship and the Society of Antiquaries a Narrative of some interest as regards the exhibition of the Manners of a former period.It may not be unknown to your Lordship that, in the olden time, foreign Princes, who had been received into the Order of the Garter in this country, were usually accustomed to acknowledge their high sense of the honour so conferred upon them by the annual celebration of St. George's day in their own countries; thus doing honour to the Order by keeping its feast.
I.—Inventories of Plate, Vestments, &c., belonging to the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Mary of Lincoln
Authors: Wordsworth Christopher 
Published: January 2012

The task of transcribing and completing Mr. Wickenden's and Mr. Bradshaw's Inventory of the contents of the Chapter Muniment Room at Lincoln has recently brought under my notice certain original inventories of plate and jewels which formerly belonged to that church.Three of these with two or three subsidiary documents have already appeared in the Monasticon, but not satisfactorily edited.
V.—The First Charter of Liberties given by Penn to Pennsylvania, described in a Letter from Richard Almack, Esq., F.S.A., to Augustus Wollaston Franks, Esq., formerly Director S.A., with Remarks by Henry Salusbury Milman, Esq., Director S.A.
Authors: Almack Richard 
Published: January 2012

At this period the system of government of the United States is exciting universal attention.I am the owner of the original Charter which founds the liberties of Pennsylvania.It is on two skins of parchment, dated 25th April, 1682.If you think it worthy of the attention of the Society of Antiquaries, I beg to produce it for their inspection.
XII. Account of a Manuscript, by Thomas Norton, Member of Parliament for, and Remembrancer to, the City of London, relating to the ancient Duties of the Lord Mayor and Corporation
Authors: Collier J. Payne 
Published: January 2012

The recent investigations respecting the Charter of the City of London, and the manner in which it has worked, may seem to give particular interest to a manuscript to which I take the liberty to direct your attention and that of the Fellows of our Society. It is entitled—“An Exhortation or Rule, set down by Mr. Norton, some time Remembrancer of London, whereby the Lord Mayor of London is to order himself and the City.”
XIX.—Notes on the Church now called the Mosque of the Kalenders at Constantinople
Authors: Freshfield Edwin 
Published: January 2012

This paper was read before the Society in 1881, but owing to the difficulty of getting the photographs necessary to illustrate it properly it has not been ready for publication until within the last two years.In the year 1877 my late friend Dr. Paspati, then resident at Constantinople, published a list and a description of some then unidentified Byzantine churches in Constantinople, the majority of them being used as Mohammedan mosques. In the year 1880 I visited all of them, and among the number a building which Dr. Paspati describes as the Kalender Khane Djami, or the Mosque of the Kalenders.
Production of porcine cloned embryos derived from cells conditionally expressing an exogenous gene using Cre-loxP
Authors: Moon JoonHo , Kim SuJin , Park HeeJung , Kang JungTaek , Park SolJi , Koo OkJae , da Torre Begona Roibas , Saadeldin Islam M. , Lee ByeongChun , Jang Goo 
Published: January 2012

SummaryIt is increasingly evident that conditional gene expression in pigs is necessary to make transgenic models. In this study, we investigated conditional expression in porcine fetal fibroblasts using Cre-loxP recombination, a system that has had limited application in large animals to date. Transformed fibroblasts were reprogrammed in enucleated oocytes to support further early embryonic development. Fetal fibroblasts from miniature pigs were used for transfection with a plasmid that contained a red fluorescent protein marker (pCALNL-DsRed) and a floxed neomycin-resistance gene. Cells were selected with 750 μg/ml neomycin for 2 weeks following transfection but did not express DsRed after visualization under a fluorescence microscope. Expression was achieved only after transient transfection with plasmid DNA that expressed the Cre recombinase enzyme. The cells that expressed DsRed were used for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). A total of 121 oocytes were used for SCNT and 76 cloned embryos (62.8%) were seen to have cleaved. Six blastocysts developed after SCNT and expressed DsRed. Deletion of the floxed neomycin-resistance gene was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in cloned blastocysts. This study demonstrated that Cre-loxP recombination can be conducted successfully in miniature pig fibroblasts and that the sequentially transformed cells can develop to the pre-implantation embryo stage via SCNT.
Gender differences in the developmental outcomes of children with congenital cardiac defects
Authors: Majnemer Annette , Limperopoulos Catherine , Shevell Michael , Rohlicek Charles , Rosenblatt Bernard , Tchervenkov Christo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveThis study compares the developmental and functional outcomes at school entry between boys and girls born with a congenital cardiac defect who required early surgical correction.Study designA prospective cohort of 94 children, including 49 percent boys, were followed up to 5 years of age and assessed for developmental progress. Developmental measures included Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – cognitive; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test – receptive language; Peabody Developmental Motor Scale – motor; and Child Behaviour Checklist – behaviour. Measures of function included the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale and Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM).ResultsThe mean scores of the boys on the WeeFIM subscales, such as self-care, mobility, cognition, were significantly lower than that of the girls. There was a trend for a greater proportion of boys to have abnormalities on neurological examination (boys 37.5 percent abnormal, girls 19.5 percent abnormal). Verbal, performance, and full scale Intellectual Quotients were 5–7 points lower in boys but did not reach significance (full scale Intellectual Quotient: boys 87.7 plus or minus 22.2; girls 93.9 plus or minus 19.3). Boys were more likely to have fine motor delays (50 percent, 82.7 plus or minus 16.5) compared with girls (28.2 percent, 87.0 plus or minus 15.8). There were no gender differences in receptive language or behavioural difficulties.ConclusionsBoys born with congenital heart disease requiring early surgical repair appear to be at enhanced risk for neuromotor impairments and activity limitations. Findings support gender differences in the pathogenesis of early brain injury following hypoxic–ischaemic insults. This has implications for neuroprotective strategies to prevent brain injury.
Social support and delusional-like experiences: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Saha S. , Scott J. , Varghese D. , McGrath J. 
Published: January 2012

Background.Population-based studies have identified that delusional-like experiences (DLEs) are common in the general population. While there is a large literature exploring the relationship between poor social support and risk of mental illness, there is a lack of empirical data examining the association of poor social support and DLEs. The aim of the study was to explore the association between social support and DLEs using a large, nationally representative community sample.Methods.Subjects were drawn from a national multistage probability survey of 8841 adults aged between 16 and 85 years. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to identify DLEs, common psychiatric disorders and physical disorders. Eight questions assessed various aspects of social support with spouse/partners and other family and friends. We examined the relationship between DLEs and social support using logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding factors.Results.Of the sample, 8.4% (n = 776) positively endorsed one or more DLEs. Individuals who (a) had the least contact with friends, or (b) could not rely on or confide in spouse/partner, family or friends were significantly more likely to endorse DLEs. The associations remained significant after adjusting for a range of potential confounding factors.Conclusions.DLEs are associated with impoverished social support in the general population. While we cannot exclude the possibility that the presence of isolated DLEs results in a reduction of social support, we speculate that poor social support may contribute in a causal fashion to the risk of DLEs.
Coupled fluid flow and deformation modeling of the frontal thrust region of the Kumano Basin transect, Japan: Implications for fluid pressures and decollement downstepping
Authors: Rowe Katherine T. , Screaton Elizabeth J. , Ge Shemin 
Published: January 2012

Results of coupled fluid flow and deformation modeling illustrate the influence of frontal thrust slip on excess pore pressures and decollement downstepping in the Kumano Basin transect, offshore Japan. Although permeable trench sediments and a buried sandstone layer provide potential fluid escape pathways, the numerical modeling suggests that excess pore pressure could build beneath the frontal thrust within hemipelagic clay of the Shikoku Basin facies. Simulated excess pore pressures range between 45% and 77% of the overburden weight 3 km landward of the deformation front, and are very sensitive to the permeability of the Shikoku Basin clay and the coefficient of friction of the fault zone. Excess pore pressures increase as the fault coefficient of friction is increased, suggesting that volume change due to shear within the footwall sediments is an important contributor to excess pore pressures. Raising the coefficient of friction also increases shear within the sediments beneath the fault zone, suggesting downward migration of the decollement zone. This shearing focuses in the weaker Shikoku Basin clays rather than an underlying turbidite unit, suggesting that lithologic differences play an important role in controlling deformation location.
A Database for TSSs of Human MicroRNAs
Authors: Bhattacharyya Malay , Bandyopadhyay Sanghamitra 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogeneous non-coding RNAs of about 22nt length. These short RNAs regulate the expression of mRNAs by hybridizing with their 3'-UTRs or by translational repression. They have been shown to take crucial roles in many biological processes. Many of the current studies are focused over how mature miRNAs regulate mRNAs, even though there is very limited knowledge about their transcriptional loci. Primary miRNAs (pri-miRs) are first transcribed from the DNA, followed by the formation of precursor miRNA (pre-miR) by endonucleases activity, which finally produces mature miRNAs. Unfortunately, the identification of the loci of pri-miRs, and the associated information about transcription start sites (TSSs) and promoters is still in progress. This information, even though limited, may be useful for further study on the regulation of miRNAs. In this paper, we provide a novel database of miRNA TSSs (miRT) that might be a valuable resource for advanced research on miRNA regulation.
Effector-Mediated Suppression of Chitin-Triggered Immunity by Magnaporthe oryzae Is Necessary for Rice Blast Disease
Authors: Mentlak Thomas A. , Kombrink Anja , Shinya Tomonori , Ryder Lauren S. , Otomo Ippei , Saitoh Hiromasa , Terauchi Ryohei , Nishizawa Yoko , Shibuya Naoto , Thomma Bart P.H.J. , Talbot Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Plants use pattern recognition receptors to defend themselves from microbial pathogens. These receptors recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activate signaling pathways that lead to immunity. In rice (Oryza sativa), the chitin elicitor binding protein (CEBiP) recognizes chitin oligosaccharides released from the cell walls of fungal pathogens. Here, we show that the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae overcomes this first line of plant defense by secreting an effector protein, Secreted LysM Protein1 (Slp1), during invasion of new rice cells. We demonstrate that Slp1 accumulates at the interface between the fungal cell wall and the rice plasma membrane, can bind to chitin, and is able to suppress chitin-induced plant immune responses, including generation of reactive oxygen species and plant defense gene expression. Furthermore, we show that Slp1 competes with CEBiP for binding of chitin oligosaccharides. Slp1 is required by M. oryzae for full virulence and exerts a significant effect on tissue invasion and disease lesion expansion. By contrast, gene silencing of CEBiP in rice allows M. oryzae to cause rice blast disease in the absence of Slp1. We propose that Slp1 sequesters chitin oligosaccharides to prevent PAMP-triggered immunity in rice, thereby facilitating rapid spread of the fungus within host tissue.
Assessing advanced cancer pain in older adults with dementia at the end‐of‐life
Authors: Monroe Todd , Carter Michael , Feldt Karen , Tolley Betsey , Cowan Ronald L. 
Published: January 2012

Monroe T., Carter M., Feldt K., Tolley B. & Cowan R.L. (2012) Assessing advanced cancer pain in older adults with dementia at the end‐of‐life. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(9), 2070–2078.AbstractAim.  To assess advanced cancer pain in older adults with dementia at the end‐of‐life.Background.  Self‐report is the gold standard for pain assessment; however, people with Alzheimer’s disease may lose the ability to report pain. Biochemical and neuropathological changes occur in Alzheimer’s disease that impairs the affective, sensory, and motor pain processing regions of the brain. Because people with severe Alzheimer’s disease may lose the ability to report their sensory and emotional response to pain verbally, external motor displays of pain, such as grimacing, have been suggested for use in people with Alzheimer’s Disease.Design.  Between groups cross sectional study.Method.  Retrospective chart audits of people with Alzheimer’s disease in nine nursing homes in the US in 2009. Participants were nursing home residents (n = 48) with mild to very severe dementia, pain and cognitive measures were collected during the final 3 months of life. The primary outcome variable was the Discomfort Behaviour Scale score (a measure of observed pain behaviour) and the main predictor variable was the Cognitive Performance Scale score (a measure of Alzheimer’s disease severity). Medication administration (opioid, non‐narcotic, and psychotropic medications) recorded over the final 2 weeks of life was collected as a covariate of interest.Results.  Alzheimer’s disease severity was negatively associated with pain behaviours. Post hoc procedures showed that this difference was due to the difference in pain behaviours between individuals with moderate and very severe Alzheimer’s disease. Total amount of opioid analgesic, total number of doses of non‐narcotic medications, and psychotropic medications administered over the last 2 weeks of life were not statistically significantly correlated with pain behaviour. An inverse correlation was found between cognitive ability (Cognitive Performance Scale score) and total amount of opioid medication indicating that individuals with severe Alzheimer’s disease received less opioid.Conclusion.  Because people with worsening Alzheimer’s disease have fewer pain behaviours, assessing pain using behavioural indicators can be a challenge. Improving methods to assess for pain in people with Alzheimer’s disease is of critical public health importance. Moreover, future studies are urgently needed to further examine the sensory, emotional, and behavioural responses to pain in people with Alzheimer’s disease.
Disentangling the effects of breakdown of self‐incompatibility and transition to selfing in North American Arabidopsis lyrata
Authors: HAUDRY ANNABELLE , ZHA HONG GUANG , STIFT MARC , MABLE BARBARA K. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA breakdown of self‐incompatibility (SI) followed by a shift to selfing is commonly observed in the evolution of flowering plants. Both are expected to reduce the levels of heterozygosity and genetic diversity. However, breakdown of SI should most strongly affect the region of the SI locus (S‐locus) because of the relaxation of balancing selection that operates on a functional S‐locus, and a potential selective sweep. In contrast, a transition to selfing should affect the whole genome. We set out to disentangle the effects of breakdown of SI and transition to selfing on the level and distribution of genetic diversity in North American populations of Arabidopsis lyrata. Specifically, we compared sequence diversity of loci linked and unlinked to the S‐locus for populations ranging from complete selfing to fully outcrossing. Regardless of linkage to the S‐locus, heterozygosity and genetic diversity increased with population outcrossing rate. High heterozygosity of self‐compatible individuals in outcrossing populations suggests that SI is not the only factor preventing the evolution of self‐fertilization in those populations. There was a strong loss of diversity in selfing populations, which was more pronounced at the S‐locus. In addition, selfing populations showed an accumulation of derived mutations at the S‐locus. Our results provide evidence that beyond the genome‐wide consequences of the population bottleneck associated with the shift to selfing, the S‐locus of A. lyrata shows a specific signal either reflecting the relaxation of balancing selection or positive selection.
Genetic inactivation of the p66 isoform of ShcA is neuroprotective in a murine model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Su Kimmy G. , Savino Costanza , Marracci Gail , Chaudhary Priya , Yu Xiaolin , Morris Brooke , Galipeau Danielle , Giorgio Marco , Forte Michael , Bourdette Dennis 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAlthough multiple sclerosis (MS) has traditionally been considered to be an inflammatory disease, recent evidence has brought neurodegeneration into the spotlight, suggesting that accumulated damage and loss of axons is critical to disease progression and the associated irreversible disability. Proposed mechanisms of axonal degeneration in MS posit cytosolic and subsequent mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, accumulation of pathologic reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to cell death. In this context, the role of the p66 isoform of ShcA protein (p66) may be significant. The ShcA isoform is uniquely targeted to the mitochondrial intermembrane space in response to elevated oxidative stress, and serves as a redox enzyme amplifying ROS generation in a positive feedforward loop that eventually mediates cell death by activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Consequently, we tested the hypothesis that genetic inactivation of p66 would reduce axonal injury in a murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). As predicted, the p66‐knockout (p66‐KO) mice developed typical signs of EAE, but had less severe clinical impairment and paralysis than wild‐type (WT) mice. Histologic examination of spinal cords and optic nerves showed significant axonal protection in the p66‐KO tissue, despite similar levels of inflammation. Furthermore, cultured p66‐KO neurons treated with agents implicated in MS neurodegenerative pathways showed greater viability than WT neurons. These results confirm the critical role of ROS‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in the axonal loss that accompanies EAE, and identify p66 as a new pharmacologic target for MS neuroprotective therapeutics.
Capital gains tax, supply‐driven trading and ownership structure: direct evidence of the lock‐in effect
Authors: Hanlon Dean , Pinder Sean 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of differential capital gains tax rates on investor trading and share prices in a unique market setting that facilitates the resolution of conflicting prior evidence of holding period tax incentives. In particular, we examine whether the concessionary tax treatment of long‐term capital gains increases the supply of shares that qualify for long‐term status, thereby causing downward price pressure. We find evidence of abnormal seller‐initiated trading following the 12‐month anniversary of listing for IPO firms that appreciate in price (‘winners’) and report no such evidence for firms that decline in price (‘losers’). Consistent with the tax concessions being greater for individual than institutional investors, we report that abnormal seller‐initiated trading is mitigated by higher levels of ownership by institutional investors. We also report limited evidence, for winners, of declining share prices upon qualifying for long‐term tax status.
Merger Cycles: A Frequency Domain Approach*
Authors: Kastrinaki Zafeira , Stoneman Paul 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUsing frequency domain techniques, a cycle of 6‐year duration at the aggregate level and coherent sectoral cycles of average 5‐year duration are found in UK merger activity between 1969 and 2005. It is shown that business and capital market cycles jointly are causal for the merger cycle but the capital market cycle alone is not, suggesting that merger cycles may reflect disequilibria and/or market mis‐valuation. Although the possibility of disequilibrium or strong behavioural influences will complicate social evaluation, no reason is found to advise against the current UK policy stance upon mergers.