bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of cognitive and daily living capabilities on early type 2 diabetes management: a preliminary case–control study
Authors: Mahmoudi Romina , Kamari Farzin , Naghdi Sadeh Reza , Naseri Amirreza , Sadra Vahideh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdherence to the transition from oral agents to insulin injections in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus therapy varies among patients and is not uniformly successful, leading to suboptimal glycemic control in certain cases. This study aims to investigate the potential correlation between cognitive and daily functional capabilities and glycemic control in middle-aged to older adults (40–74 years old) diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for less than 10 years, specifically those who have recently transitioned to insulin injections and have lower education levels within the context of a developing country.MethodsA case–control study was conducted with 30 poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (PCDM) patients recognized by HbA1c levels > 8% compared to 30 fairly controlled diabetes mellitus (FCDM) patients with HbA1c levels ≤ 8%. Basic Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-B) score of less than 27 was investigated as the exposure among two groups. Additionally, intra- and inter-battery correlations were assessed among MoCA-B and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) domains using Pearson’sr.ResultsThe primary outcomes showed no crude difference between MoCA-B scores in the two diabetic groups (p-value = 0.82). However, after adjusting for age, education, and IADL scores, cognitive decline in the less-educated younger elderly with high IADL scores demonstrated an unexpected protective effect against PCDM (p-value < 0.0001, OR 95% CI = 0–0.26). In linear regression analysis among MoCA-B and IADL scores, “delayed recall” and “orientation” domains from MoCA-B, and “managing medications” and “using the phone” from IADL were negatively associated with HbA1c levels (p-values of < 0.01, 0.043, 0.015, and 0.023, respectively). Intra- and inter-battery correlations further illustrated a strong association between MoCA-B’s “orientation” with IADL’s “using the phone” and “managing medications” (p-values < 0.0001).ConclusionSuperior performance in certain cognitive domains is linked to better glycemic control. Still, since assessing cognitive domains may be timely in clinical routine, a potential rapid approach might be taken by assessing patients’ instrumental abilities to use cell phone or manage medications. Future studies including a larger sample size and a broader spectrum of psychosocial factors are needed to elaborate on our findings.
Inflammation accelerating intestinal fibrosis: from mechanism to clinic
Authors: Xin Shuzi , Liu Xiaohui , He Chengwei , Gao Han , Wang Boya , Hua Rongxuan , Gao Lei , Shang Hongwei , Sun Fangling , Xu Jingdong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntestinal fibrosis is a prevalent complication of IBD that that can frequently be triggered by prolonged inflammation. Fibrosis in the gut can cause a number of issues, which continue as an ongoing challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. The primary causes of intestinal fibrosis are soluble molecules, G protein-coupled receptors, epithelial-to-mesenchymal or endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and the gut microbiota. Fresh perspectives coming from in vivo and in vitro experimental models demonstrate that fibrogenic pathways might be different, at least to some extent, independent of the ones that influence inflammation. Understanding the distinctive procedures of intestinal fibrogenesis should provide a realistic foundation for targeting and blocking specific fibrogenic pathways, estimating the risk of fibrotic consequences, detecting early fibrotic alterations, and eventually allowing therapy development. Here, we first summarize the inflammatory and non-inflammatory components of fibrosis, and then we elaborate on the underlying mechanism associated with multiple cytokines in fibrosis, providing the framework for future clinical practice. Following that, we discuss the relationship between modernization and disease, as well as the shortcomings of current studies. We outline fibrosis diagnosis and therapy, as well as our recommendations for the future treatment of intestinal fibrosis. We anticipate that the global review will provides a wealth of fresh knowledge and suggestions for future fibrosis clinical practice.Graphical Abstract
Forward modeling of quake’s infrasound recorded in the stratosphere on board balloon platforms
Authors: Gerier S. , Garcia R. F. , Martin R. , Hertzog A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAcoustic waves generated by seismic waves contain information on the internal structure of planets, and can be sensed by pressure sensors onboard high-altitude balloons. To identify the various contributions (infrasound signal, noise, balloon response, etc.) in such pressure records, a full waveform modeling is implemented and completed by infrasound ray tracing and additional data analysis. Here, we analyze the Stratéole-2 pressure data associated with two earthquakes (Garcia et al. Geophys. Res. Lett. 49(15):e98844, 2022) and compared these to full waveform simulations by SPECFEM2D-DG-LNS software. Even if our simulations do not precisely reproduce the waveform observed in the frequency range [0.05, 0.3] Hz, we show that the waveform presents more sensitivity to quake and internal structure parameters than to atmospheric structure, and that seismic surface wave dispersion is observed in balloon pressure records. The long-duration pressure oscillations observed after the main infrasonic signal cannot be fully reproduced by our one-dimensional input model even when source time function complexity and aftershocks are considered. These features are ascribed mainly to the complex vertical ground movements below the balloon and partly to late secondary infrasound arrivals excited by the interactions of seismic waves with the topography. These results enhance the advantages and limitations of quake-related infrasound observations on board terrestrial and planetary balloon platforms.
Graphical Abstract
Accuracy of the 6-Minute Walk Test for Assessing Functional Capacity in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Other Chronic Cardiac Pathologies: Results of the ExIC-FEp Trial and a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cavero-Redondo Iván , Saz-Lara Alicia , Bizzozero-Peroni Bruno , Núñez-Martínez Laura , Díaz-Goñi Valentina , Calero-Paniagua Ismael , Matínez-García Irene , Pascual-Morena Carlos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHeart diseases, particularly heart failure, significantly impact patient quality of life and mortality rates. Functional capacity assessment is vital for predicting prognosis and risk in these patients. While the cardiopulmonary exercise test is considered the gold standard, the 6-minute walk test has emerged as a more accessible alternative. However, the screening accuracy and optimal cut-off points of the 6-minute walk test for detecting severely reduced functional capacity in cardiac pathologies, including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, are unclear. The study aimed to analyse the diagnostic accuracy of the 6-minute walk test for detecting reduced functional capacity, defined as VO2max < 14 ml/kg/min, compared with the cardiopulmonary exercise test in participants with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using data from the “Ejercicio en Insuficiencia Cardiaca con Fracción de Eyección Preservada” (ExIC-FEp) trial; and to compare these results with previous studies investigating the screening accuracy for assessing functional capacity of the 6-minute walk test in participants with other chronic cardiac pathologies through a meta-analysis.ResultsThe ExIC-FEp trial involved 22 participants with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, who were not treated with beta-blockers, using the cardiopulmonary exercise test, specifically VO2max,as the reference test. The 6-minute walk test had a sensitivity of 70%, a specificity of 80%, and an area under the curve of 76% in the ExIC-FEp trial. Five studies were included in the meta-analysis showing a sensitivity of 79%, a specificity of 78%, and an area under the curve of 85%.ConclusionIn conclusion, the 6-minute walk test holds promise as a screening tool for assessing functional capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and chronic heart diseases, with a VO2max < 14 ml/kg/min as a reference point. It demonstrates moderate to good screening accuracy. However, the screening accuracy and optimal cut-off points of the 6-minute walk test for detecting severely reduced functional capacity, regardless of aetiology, are unclear.Trial RegistrationNCT05726474. Registered 16 February 2023,https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05726474.
Transforming growth factor-β1: relation between its single-nucleotide genetic variants and sickle cell nephropathy
Authors: Hamdy Mona , Shaheen Iman , Ramadan Hadi , Abdel Maksoud Fatma Abdel Wahab , Ramadan Yasmin Mohamed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Sickle cell nephropathy is a complication of sickle cell disease characterized by functional abnormalities of the kidney and glomeruli. Our study aimed to investigate the single-nucleotide genetic variants in TGF-β-1-related genes as an early predictor of sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) risk.

Methods
Two hundred participants, 100 patients with SCD, and 100 age and sex-matched control. The study included full history taking, clinical examination, and laboratory evaluation. Renal function tests (serum urea and creatinine, microalbuminuria, albumin/ creatinine ratio, and e-GFR). Genotyping for TGF-β1 genetic variants rs1800469 and rs1800471.

Results
Twenty-one percent of patients had glomerular hyperfiltration, while 31% had reduced e-GFR. Microalbuminuria was present in 14%, and none had macroalbuminuria or edema. TGF-β1 genotyping revealed a statistically significant difference in the rs 1800471 C allele, which was more common in the control group (p 0.028). No significant correlation between the result of TGF‐ β genotyping and the albumin-to-creatinine ratio, creatinine, and e-GFR.

Conclusion
TGF-β1 rs1800469 and rs1800471 genetic variants were not associated with the risk of sickle nephropathy in children with sickle cell disease.
Iron deficiency anemia in relation to pinch strength and hand dexterity in preschool children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Amer Fatma Essam , Mamdouh Khaled Ahmed , Hassan Tamer Hasan Moustafa , Abd-El-Nabie Walaa A. , Eltalawy Hoda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIron deficiency anemia (IDA) constitutes a considerable nutritional problem in Egyptian preschool children. Moreover, IDA limits physical activity performance and interferes with children's development. Accordingly, we aim to investigate the correlation between IDA and hand dexterity and pinch grip strength in preschool children.ResultsThis observational cross-sectional study encompassed the participation of 87 children, comprising both genders, with an age range of 5–6 years. The cohort was initially stratified into three distinct groups: Group A comprised 36 non-anemic children, group B included 25 children with mild iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and group C consisted of 26 children with moderate IDA. After group delineation, comprehensive laboratory analyses were performed on all participants to assess for IDA, involving a thorough examination of their complete blood picture, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, serum iron levels, and serum ferritin levels. The evaluative metrics employed in this study encompassed the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2) and the Baseline Mechanical Pinch Gauge. These instruments were utilized to assess manual dexterity and pinch strength, specifically tip-to-tip and tripod strength. This investigation revealed a positive correlation between Hb, serum iron, and serum ferritin levels with both manual dexterity and pinch strength across all three groups.ConclusionThis study highlights that IDA negatively affects hand dexterity and pinch grip strength in preschool children. Managing IDA early is crucial for improving their physical performance and overall development.
Targeting glioma stem cells with thyroid hormone suppression: Phase 1/2 trial of methimazole in patients with progressive grade 4 gliomas.
Authors: Peereboom David M. , Ponti Andras , Yang Kailin , Silver Daniel , Hufsey Rachel , El Hage Lea , Li Hong , Cordova Christine , Dhawan Andrew , Lobbous Mina , Malkin Mark Gordon , Stevens Glen , Torres-Trejo Alejandro , Angelov Lilyana , Barnett Gene , Grabowski Matthew , Mohammadi Alireza , Soni Pranay , Lathia Justin , Hine Christopher 
Published: June 2024

2044 Background: Gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a by-product of cysteine metabolism, inhibits the growth of glioblastoma (GBM) cells and impairs GBM progression in mice. Likewise, H2S generation and sulfhydration are decreased in human GBM specimens as compared to non-tumor controls. Thus, boosting H2S production is a novel strategy for GBM treatment. Suppression of thyroid hormone (TH) signaling increases endogenous production of H2S. We hypothesize that methimazole-induced hypothyroidism will enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy in WHO grade 4 gliomas by boosting H2S production capacity (HPC) within the tumor. The goal of this trial is to provide proof of concept that suppression of TH signaling, via methimazole and subsequent augmentation of H2S synthesis and signaling, is feasible in patients with WHO grade 4 gliomas (G4G). Methods: This modified phase 1/2 study evaluates the safety and efficacy of methimazole + chemotherapy with pharmacodynamic correlates in patients with progressive G4G. The main objective is a 10% increase in HPC and a 1.5-fold increase in peripheral blood sulfhydration signaling (SS). Patients who are planned for a clinically-indicated resection receive pre-op (5-7 days) and post-op methimazole with the addition of investigator’s choice of chemotherapy 1 month after starting post op methimazole. Patients receive methimazole + chemotherapy until progression. Resected tumor will be assayed for HPC and for proteins relevant to H2S production. Peripheral blood lead-acetate assays for HPC and SS are obtained at baseline, pre-op, intra-op, post-op, before the addition of chemotherapy, and before each cycle of methimazole + chemo. Key eligibility criteria: progressive G4G for whom a clinically-indicated resection is planned, and normal thyroid function with no history of thyroid disease. Patients may have had unlimited prior regimens including bevacizumab. Results: To date six patients (4 male) ages 49-59 years have enrolled. At all time points tested post-methimazole treatment relative to baseline age/sex matched no-methimazole control patients, there were significant increases in plasma H2S production capacity (table). Conclusions: In this early cohort, it appears methimazole treatment in recurrent GBM patients enhances HPC on a systemic level. Next steps will be to measure sulfide signaling and sulfhydration alterations in patient tumor samples. The protocol is being modified to allow earlier addition (2 weeks) of post-op chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT05607407 . [Table: see text]
Promotion of cooperation by payoff-based view radii in different interaction modes
Authors: Gao Shun , Han Wenchen , Li Haihong , Dai Qionglin , Yang Junzhong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this letter, we introduce the payoff-based view radii into evolutionary prisoner's dilemma games performed in a two-dimensional plane and study how the adaptive view radii affect cooperation. Two types of feedback are considered, positive feedback and negative one. In the case of positive feedback, high-payoff (low-payoff) agents have large (small) view radii. In the case of negative feedback, the things are opposite. Meanwhile, three different interaction modes are considered, one-way visual interaction, proactive visual interaction, and two-way visual interaction. Our results show that the payoff-based view radii could promote cooperation effectively in all cases. Especially, there exist optimal behaviors of cooperation for both positive feedback and negative feedback. When agents are allowed to move, we find that the cooperation level could be further improved by slow migration. Our results shed light on the promotion of cooperation by the adaptive view radii and suggest different ways to adjust view radii to achieve high cooperation levels in different interaction modes.
The Divergent Effect of Competition on Platforms: Deterring Recruits, Motivating Converts
Authors: Nagaraj Abhishek , Piezunka Henning 
Published: June 2024

Knowledge platforms differ in how they source their knowledge; they can be categorized as traditional (e.g., Encyclopedia Britannica, Guide Michelin) or crowdsourced (e.g., Wikipedia, Yelp). Although research has compared and contrasted the two, we study how they compete with one another. In particular, we focus on how competition from traditional platforms affects volunteers’ contributions to crowdsourced platforms. We propose a divergent effect: competition increases individual contributions from volunteers who were already active before the entry of any competitor (pre-entry contributors). However, competition also hinders recruitment and therefore leads to a decrease in total contributions from the set of volunteers who are new to the platform in a given time period (newly recruited contributors). We suggest the first effect is driven by pre-entry contributors’ ideological attachment, whereas the second is driven by lower awareness of the platform postcompetitive entry. To test our theory, we leverage and examine how the phased entry of Google Maps in different countries affects contributions to OpenStreetMap, a crowdsourced mapping platform. We find the hypothesized divergent effects and provide suggestive evidence of the underlying mechanisms. We contribute to research on crowdsourcing, volunteers’ willingness to contribute, platform competition, and on the effect of competition on organizations more broadly. Funding: The authors acknowledge the financial support of the INSEAD Alumni Fund. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2022.0125 .
Effect of cetuximab plus FOLFOX4 regimen on clinical outcomes in advanced gastric carcinoma patients receiving evidence-based care
Authors: Ying Hui , Huang Ren-Jun , Jing Xiao-Min , Li Yan , Tong Qun-Qiu 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Although chemotherapy is effective for treating advanced gastric carcinoma (aGC), it may lead to an adverse prognosis. Establishing a highly effective and low-toxicity chemotherapy regimen is necessary for improving efficacy and outcomes in aGC patients.
AIM
To determine the efficacy and safety of cetuximab (CET) combined with the FOLFOX4 regimen (infusional fluorouracil, folinic acid, and oxaliplatin) as first-line therapy for patients with aGC, who received evidence-based care (EBC).
METHODS
A total of 117 aGC patients who received EBC from March 2019 to March 2022 were enrolled. Of these, 60 in the research group (RG) received CET + FOLFOX4 as first-line therapy, whereas 57 in the control group (CG) received FOLFOX4. The efficacy [clinical response rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR)], safety (liver and kidney dysfunction, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, rash, and diarrhea), serum tumor marker expression [STMs; carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, CA72-4, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)], inflammatory indicators [interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10], and quality of life (QOL) of the two groups were compared.
RESULTS
A markedly higher RR and DCR were observed in the RG compared with the CG, with an equivalent safety profile between the two groups. RG exhibited notably reduced CA19-9, CA72-4, CEA, and IL-2 levels following treatment, which were lower than the pre-treatment levels and those in the CG. Post-treatment IL-10 was statistically increased in RG, higher than the pre-treatment level and the CG. Moreover, a significantly improved QOL was evident in the RG.
CONCLUSION
The CET + FOLFOX4 regimen is highly effective as first-line treatment for aGC patients receiving EBC. It facilitates the suppression of STMs, ameliorates the serum inflammatory microenvironment, and enhances QOL, without increased adverse drug effects.
Application of prostate resectoscope in the treatment of massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate puncture
Authors: Li Hong-Mei , Yang Fa-Ying , Tu Song , Yan Peng , Qian Jun , Yao Jia-Xi 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is a reliable diagnostic procedure for prostate cancer diagnosis with minimal procedure-related trauma. However, complications, such as massive rectal bleeding may occur after the puncture. We hypothesized that using a transrectal resectoscope could help treat massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures.
AIM
To identify a simple and effective treatment for massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures.
METHODS
Patients requiring treatment for massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures were included. A SIMAI resectoscope was inserted through the anus. Direct electrocoagulation was performed for superficial bleeding points. Part of the rectal mucosa or surface muscle layer was removed to expose deep bleeding points, followed by electrocoagulation. An electric cutting ring was used to compress and stop the bleeding for jet-like points before electrocoagulation. The fluid color in the drainage tube was monitored postoperatively for continuous bleeding.
RESULTS
Eight patients were included from 2012 to 2022. None of the patients with massive rectal bleeding after the transrectal prostate punctures improved with conventional conservative and blood transfusion treatments. Two patients had an inferior artery embolism, and digital subtraction angiography was ineffective. All patients received emergency transanal prostate resection, which immediately stopped the bleeding. Four days after the procedure, the patients had recovered and were discharged.
CONCLUSION
Using a transanal prostate resection instrument is a simple, safe, and effective method for treating massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures.
Laryngeal leiomyoma: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Wu Yu , Li Jing-Man , Zhang Tian-Jiao , Wang Xin 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Leiomyomas (LMs) are mesenchymal tumors that arise from smooth muscle cells. LMs most commonly arise in organs with an abundance of smooth muscle such as the uterus and gastrointestinal tract. Conversely, LMs are rarely detected in the head and neck region. In this study, we report a rare case of laryngeal LM (LLM) and summarized the clinical characteristics of reported LLMs to help clinicians better understand this rare disease and improve its diagnosis, treatment, and postoperative course.
CASE SUMMARY
A 49-year-old man was admitted to our ENT outpatient clinic with a chief complaint of pharynx discomfort for 2 months. Laryngoscopy performed under topical anesthesia revealed a solitary, pink mass at the tubercle of epiglottis. Surgery via laryngeal endoscopy was performed under general anesthesia, and the lesion was excised easily. Positive immunohistochemical staining for desmin and smooth-muscle actin indicated a smooth muscle origin and the diagnosis was laryngeal leiomyoma. After surgery, the patient’s condition was stable, and he was discharged 2 d after surgery. During the 1-year postoperative period, the patient’s condition remained stable without evidence of recurrence.
CONCLUSION
Surgical resection is the preferred treatment for LLMs, its early diagnosis and differential diagnosis have important clinical significance.