bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constant-curvature bending response of thin glass: Analytical, numerical and experimental study of “clamp-bending” tests
Authors: Galuppi Laura , Riva Enrica 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNew generation thin, lightweight and damage-resistant glass, having impressively impact resistance and ability to be bent up to small radii, appears to be the optimal material for extremely deformable structural elements. Its structural use and design require an accurate evaluation of its mechanical properties. However, standard methods to test the glass strength, as the Four-Point Bending and the Coaxial Double Ring test, cannot be used for thin glass, due to its high deformability. Here, an innovative test is proposed, consisting into deforming a thin element into a costant-curvature shape, by prescribing a rotation on two opposite edges of a rectangular plate, while allowing the adjustment of the distance between the supporting hinges. This produces a deformation into an arch of a circle and to a constant stress distribution, allowing to determine the thin glass strength with very simple formulas. An innovative experimental setup, recently proposed for twisting tests on thin glass, has been adapted for constant-curvature bending tests, based on the results of both analytical modelling and numerical analyses. This has been used to perform an experimental campaign, comprising 15 destructive tests on chemically tempered thin glass.
Coordinate descent algorithm for generalized group fused Lasso
Authors: Ohishi Mineaki , Okamura Kensuke , Itoh Yoshimichi , Wakaki Hirofumi , Yanagihara Hirokazu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We deal with a model with discrete varying coefficients to consider modeling for heterogeneity and clustering for homogeneity, and estimate the varying coefficients by generalized group fused Lasso (GGFL). GGFL allows homogeneous groups to be joined together based on one-to-many relationships among groups. This makes GGFL a powerful technique, but to date there has been no effective algorithm for obtaining the solutions. Here we propose an algorithm for obtaining a GGFL solution based on the coordinate descent method, and show that a solution for each coordinate direction converges to the optimal solution. In a simulation, we show our algorithm is superior to ADMM, which is one of the popular algorithms. We also present an application to a spatial data analysis.
Ethische, rechtliche und soziale Aspekte (ELSA) der Gestaltung von KI-Systemen: Systematisierung der Betrachtung durch Vorgehensmodelle und Leitfäden
Authors: Alpers Sascha , Krings Bettina-Johanna , Becker Christoph , Rill Maria , Weinreuter Maria 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungWesentliche Erfolgsfaktoren für die rechtlich angemessene und menschengerechte Nutzung von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) basieren auf der breiten Reflexion rechtlicher, ethischer und sozialer Aspekte (ELSA) im Rahmen organisatorischen Prozesse in Unternehmen und Institutionen. Künftig bedarf es aufgrund der Vielzahl zu erwartender KI-Vorhaben einer systematischen Betrachtung. Eine Möglichkeit dies zu Verankern sind Vorgehensmodelle inkl. Eines entsprechenden Referenzprozessmodells. Eine Ergänzung stellen Leitfäden dar. Ausgewählte Aspekte werden hierbei seit einigen Jahren in interdisziplinären und transdisziplinären Forschungsprojekten intensiv diskutiert und angewandt. Der folgende Beitrag ist im Rahmen des KARL-Projekt entstanden und erörtert relevante Bezugspunkte im Rahmen der Implementierung von KI in zukünftige Arbeitsumgebungen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die Frage bearbeitet, welche Herausforderungen Informatiker/-innen im Gestaltungsprozess selbst adressieren können und zu welchen Fragen weitere Akteur/-innen (Rechtswissenschaftler/-innen, Ethik-Expert/-innen sowie Expert/-innen der sozialen Technikgestaltung) einbezogen werden sollten. Insgesamt plädieren die Autor/-innen für einen prozessorientierten Ansatz, in dem unterschiedliche Aspekte der Technikgestaltung systematisch berücksichtigt werden.Praktische RelevanzDie Arbeitswissenschaft wird zunehmend mit Fragestellungen der Integration von KI in verschiedene Arbeitsprozesse konfrontiert. Die Betrachtung von ELSA ist eine Teilaufgabe in der Gestaltung und Reflektion dieser Entwicklung.
Mindfulness as a Moderator Between the Association of Moral Disengagement and Cyberbullying
Authors: Bussey Kay , Luo Aileen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCyberbullying has increased in recent years due to the uptake of internet use by youth. One psychological process that has been consistently related to cyberbullying is moral disengagement. It is a process that is used to justify cyberbullying behavior as it enables the perpetration of cyberbullying without the perpetrator feeling guilt or remorse. A factor that may mitigate the use of moral disengagement is self-reflection and calmness that characterizes mindfulness. To address this possibility, this study investigated the role of mindfulness as a moderator of the association between moral disengagement and cyberbullying perpetration. Participants were 586 ethnically diverse youth aged between 10 and 16 years of age. Results revealed that mindfulness moderated the association between moral disengagement and cyberbullying perpetration. The relationship between moral disengagement and cyberbullying perpetration was weaker at high than at low levels of mindfulness. The findings suggest the potential benefits of including mindfulness training in anti-bullying intervention programs to decrease the prevalence of cyberbullying perpetration.
Enhancing the epidemiological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 using Sanger sequencing to identify circulating variants and recombinants
Authors: Silva Thaís , Oliveira Eneida , Oliveira Alana , Menezes André , Jeremias Wander de Jesus , Grenfell Rafaella FQ , Monte-Neto Rubens Lima do , Pascoal-Xavier Marcelo A. , Campos Marco A. , Fernandes Gabriel , Alves Pedro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSince the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, more than 12,000 mutations in the virus have been identified. These could cause changes in viral characteristics and directly impact global public health. The emergence of variants is a great concern due to the chance of increased transmissibility and infectivity. Sequencing for surveillance and monitoring circulating strains is extremely necessary as the early identification of new variants allows public health agencies to make faster and more effective decisions to contain the spread of the virus. In the present study, we identified circulating variants in samples collected in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, and detected a recombinant lineage using the Sanger method. The identification of lineages was done through gene amplification of SARS-CoV-2 by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). By using these specific fragments, we were able to differentiate one variant of interest and five circulating variants of concern. We were also able to detect recombinants. Randomly selected samples were sequenced by either Sanger or Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Our findings validate the effectiveness of Sanger sequencing as a powerful tool for monitoring variants. It is easy to perform and allows the analysis of a larger number of samples in countries that cannot afford NGS.
Machine Learning for Identifying Emergent and Floating Aquatic Vegetation from Space: A Case Study in the Dniester Delta, Ukraine
Authors: Alagialoglou Leonidas , Manakos Ioannis , Katsikis Eleftherios , Medinets Sergiy , Gazyetov Yevgen , Medinets Volodymyr , Delopoulos Anastasios 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMonitoring aquatic vegetation, including both floating and emergent types, plays a crucial role in understanding the dynamics of freshwater ecosystems. Our research focused on the Lower Dniester Basin in Southern Ukraine, covering approximately 1800 square kilometers of steppe plains and wetlands. We applied traditional machine learning algorithms, specifically random forest and boosting trees, to analyze Sentinel-2 satellite imagery for segmenting aquatic vegetation into emergent and floating types. Our methodology was validated against detailed in-situ field measurements collected annually over a 5-year study period. The machine learning classifiers achieved an F1-score of 0.88 ± 0.03 in classifying floating vegetation, outperforming our previously suggested histogram-based thresholding methodology for the same task. While emergent vegetation and open water were easily identifiable from satellite imagery, the robustness and temporal transferability of our methodology included accurately delineating floating vegetation as well. Additionally, we explored the significance of various features through the Minimum Redundancy - Maximum Relevance algorithm. This study highlights advancements in aquatic vegetation mapping and demonstrates a valuable tool for ecological monitoring and future research endeavors.
Accurate and efficient evaluation of the ionization potentials of extreme ultraviolet photoresists using density functionals and semi-empirical methods
Authors: Du Kun , Ying Jiafeng , Han Lixin , Xue Jie , Xin Hanshen , Zhang Jianhua , Li Haoyuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExtreme ultraviolet (EUV) photoresists have become the core materials in lithography with nanometer-sized patterns and are actively explored on the path to realizing smaller critical dimensions. These photoresists can be small molecule-, polymer-, or organic–inorganic hybrid-based, with the full molecular working mechanism under investigation. For the rational design of EUV photoresists, theoretical guidance using tools like first-principle calculations and multi-scale simulations can be of great help. Considering the extremely high standard of accuracy in EUV lithography, it is critical to ensure the adoption of the appropriate methodologies in the theoretical evaluation of EUV photoresists. However, it is known that density functionals and semi-empirical methods differ in accuracy and efficiency, without a universal rule across materials. This poses a challenge in developing a reliable theoretical framework for calculating EUV photoresists. Here, we present a benchmark investigation of density functionals and semi-empirical methods on the three main types of EUV photoresists, focusing on the ionization potential, a key parameter in their microscopic molecular reactions. The vertical detachment energies (VDE) and adiabatic detachment energies (ADE) were calculated using 12 functionals, including pure functionals, hybrid functionals, Minnesota functionals, and the recently developed optimally tuned range-separated (OTRS) functionals. Several efficient semi-empirical methods were also chosen, including AM1, PM6, PM7, and GFN1-xTB in the extended tight-binding theoretical framework. These results guide the accurate and efficient calculation of EUV photoresists and are valuable for the development of multi-scale lithography protocols.
Graphical Abstract
Role of streak secondary instabilities on free-stream turbulence-induced transition
Authors: Faúndez Alarcón José M. , Cavalieri André V.G. , Hanifi Ardeshir , Henningson Dan S. 
Published: May 2024

We study the stability of a zero-pressure gradient boundary layer subjected to free-stream disturbances by means of local stability analysis. The dataset under study corresponds to a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a flat plate with a sharp leading edge in realistic wind tunnel conditions, with a turbulence level of 3.45 % at the leading edge. We present a method to track the convective evolution of the secondary instabilities of streaks by performing sequential stability calculations following the wave packet, connecting successive unstable eigenfunctions. A scattered nature, in time and space, of secondary instabilities is seen in the stability calculations. These instabilities can be detected before they reach finite amplitude in the DNS, preceding the nucleation of turbulent spots, and whose appearance is well correlated to the transition onset. This represents further evidence regarding the relevance of secondary instabilities of streaks in the bypass transition in realistic flow conditions. Consistent with the spatio-temporal nature of this problem, our approach allows us to integrate directly the local growth rates to obtain the spatial amplification ratio of the individual instabilities, where it is shown that instabilities reaching an$N$-factor in the range [2.5,4] can be directly correlated to more than 65 % of the nucleation events. Interestingly, it is found that high amplification is not only attained by modes with high growth rates, but also by instabilities with sustained low growth rates for a long time.
The blood pressure control effect of the sodium-restricted dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet: a systematic review
Authors: Kim Soyeon , Jeong Ha Na , Choi-Kwon Smi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is highly effective in controlling blood pressure (BP). Although Na restriction is not a primary focus within the DASH diet, it is recommended that it be added to control BP. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the characteristics and BP-lowering effects of Na-restricted DASH diet interventions. We searched thirteen databases, namely, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, KoreaMed, KISS, KMbase, RISS, CINAHL, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, Grey Literature Report, OpenGrey and PQDT Global, for articles published through May 2023. The randomised controlled trials assessing the BP-lowering effect of the Na-restricted DASH diet in adults aged 18 years and older were included. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO registry (CRD42023409996). The risk of bias in the included studies was also assessed. Nine articles were included in this review. Interventions were categorised into three types: feeding, provision and education, and the study results were compared by intervention type. BP was significantly reduced in two of the three feeding studies, one of the three provisional studies and none of the educational studies. In eight studies, effect sizes varied among both systolic BP (–7·7 to −2·4) and diastolic BP (–8·3 to 0·1). Six studies showed an overall high risk of bias. In conclusion, Na-restricted DASH may have beneficial effects on BP control. Additionally, compared with control interventions, feeding interventions appeared to have a greater BP-lowering effect. Further high-quality studies are needed to improve the quality of the evidence.
A randomised controlled intervention trial to study the effect of a personalised lifestyle programme on cancer-related fatigue among colorectal cancer survivors: protocol for the SoFiT study
Authors: de Vries-ten Have Judith , Manusama Koen , Verkaar Auke J. C. F. , Beijer Sandra , Sommeijer Dirkje W. , Kampman Ellen , Winkens Laura H. H. , Winkels Renate M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObservational studies suggest that a healthy diet in combination with ample physical activity is associated with a lower prevalence of cancer-related fatigue. The SoFiT trial (SoFiT: Study on Fatigue: a lifestyle intervention among colorectal cancer survivors) will assess the effect of a personalised lifestyle programme on cancer-related fatigue in a randomised study. We designed a programme that aims to increase adherence to lifestyle recommendations on diet and physical activity. The programme was person-centred with regard to the lifestyle and personal characteristics of participants, to the determinants of behaviour of that participant, and to the preferences, opportunities and barriers of the participant. The effect of the programme was tested in the SoFiT trial: a two-armed, parallel, randomised controlled trial among adult stage I–III colorectal cancer survivors, who experience cancer-related fatigue after treatment completion; intended sample size n=184. Participants randomised to the intervention group received the personalised lifestyle programme. During 6 months, participants in the intervention group had individual sessions with a lifestyle coach of which four sessions were face-to-face and eight sessions were remote. After 6 months, participants randomised to the control group had access to two lifestyle coaching sessions and to the same materials that the intervention group also received. The primary endpoint of the trial is cancer-related fatigue. Secondary endpoints are sleep quality and duration, health-related quality of life, physical performance, depression and anxiety, skeletal muscle echo intensity and cross-sectional area, and gut microbiota composition. This trial will show the effects of a personalised lifestyle programme on cancer-related fatigue and on an extensive set of secondary outcomes. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05390398.
Recreational agroecosystem service value evidenced by mobile phone data: implications for incentive enhancement in terraced paddy land
Authors: Mameno Kota , Arnberger Arne , Shoji Yasushi , Kubo Takahiro 
Published: May 2024

SummaryFarmland abandonment contributes to agroecosystem degradation and food crises. Sustainable farmland use requires a well-designed agri-environmental policy to provide farmers with incentives, including agroecosystem services apart from food production. One of these is recreation. Here, we focus on a Japanese terraced paddy land. We assessed seasonal changes in the value of recreational ecosystem services by integrating mobile phone big data of on-site visitors, collected between 2018 and 2020, into a valuation method. The application of mobile data enables the precise and consistent analysis of non-market agroecosystem services. The recreational value of the paddy land varied with season but overall was high. Sustainable farmland use provides social benefits, and we support the validity of agri-environmental policies that relate to economic incentives for agroecosystem conservation. However, the results show that the incentives provided by the public/government may be insufficient in comparison to this recreational value. Our findings provide information regarding the appropriate amount of economic support required to achieve sustainable agricultural land use in this setting.
A New Perspective on Estimation of Gas Flaring Volume From Space: OLI/TIRS, VIIRS, and TROPOMI
Authors: Asadi‐Fard Elmira , Falahatkar Samereh , Tanha Ziarati Mahdi , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGas flaring (GF) has the negative impact on the environment, climate, and human health. So, regular monitoring of flares and quantification of their volume is necessary. Iran has many natural oil/gas processing plants and petrochemical companies which are concentrated in the southern region. Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) is an industry part with different kinds of active flares, thus a significant potential source of environmental impacts due to gas flaring. Remotely sensed data are used in gas‐flaring detection, volume estimation, and pollution emission. In this study, we applied day/nighttime radiation and air pollutant data to estimate gas flaring volumes. We developed artificial neural network models (ANN) for finding the relationship between the field measurement of GF volume as the dependent variable and shortwave infrared and thermal infrared bands of Landsat 8, M10 band of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, and air pollutant (NO2, CO, O3, and SO2) of TROPOMI as independent variables. Results showed that R2 values were 0.73 for the ANN model from 2018 to 2019. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the thermal infrared bands of B10 and B11 of Landsat 8 had the most important role in the estimation of gas flaring volume. In contrast, the SWIR bands of Landsat 8 and all TROPOMI products were insignificant. The findings of this research help to shed light on the use of remotely sensed data in estimating the volume of gas flaring at the regional/global scale by integration of the ANN model.
Temporal and Spatial Soil Moisture–Precipitation Coupling Relationships Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zan Beilei , Wang Huimin , Wei Jiangfeng , Song Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoil moisture can significantly influence weather and climate via land‒atmosphere interactions over the Tibetan Plateau. However, the temporal and spatial preferences of precipitation for soil moisture anomalies and the underlying mechanisms over the plateau have not been determined. Using multiple satellite data sets (including Global Precipitation Measurement precipitation data and Soil Moisture Active Passive and Advanced SCATterometer soil moisture data) and ERA5 reanalysis data, the temporal and spatial soil moisture–precipitation coupling (SMPC) relationships in seven summers during 2015–2021 over the plateau are quantified based on a percentile‐based method. The satellite observations show prevalent positive temporal SMPC across the plateau, indicating that wetter‐than‐normal soil conditions tend to lead to more afternoon precipitation. While ERA5 generally aligns with satellite findings, it underestimates areas with positive temporal SMPC. Both the satellite and ERA5 data show that spatial SMPC relationships are usually statistically insignificant, but a few regions show significant positive relationships, that is, precipitation is more likely to occur over soils wetter than the surrounding soils. Moreover, the satellite observations suggest an inter‐event positive correlation between the temporal and spatial SMPC relationships. ERA5 agrees with the satellite‐based results over the western plateau but shows discrepancies over the eastern plateau. The temporal and spatial variations in soil moisture modulate the partitioning of surface heat fluxes, planetary boundary layer height, and lifting condensation level, promoting moist convection and afternoon precipitation. The findings from this study shed new light on SMPC and have important implications for precipitation forecasting over the plateau.
Top‐Down Control of Ammonia Oxidizers by Grazing in the North Pacific
Authors: Ni Silin , Xu Min Nina , Du Moge , Laws Edward A. , Kao Shuh‐Ji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe impact of grazing pressure on ammonia oxidizers (AO) has never been quantified in the field. Here we develop a new method to quantify the grazing rates on AO in aquatic systems. We introduce 15NH4+ tracer into the traditional dilution experiments to measure AO's apparent growth rates by using the end‐product of 15NH4+ oxidation, that is, 15NOx−. Field studies in the North Pacific revealed that 15NOx− in the end‐product was sensitive enough to detect AO's grazing rates. Experiments from the lower euphotic zone showed NH4+ replete growth rates of 0.40 d−1 and 0.77 d−1 of AO and in situ grazing rates on AO of 0.41 d−1 and 0.45 d−1, respectively, indicating a strong top‐down control by grazing on AO. Compiled data show a vertical decoupling between ammonia oxidation rates and AO abundance within the euphotic zone, indicating that strong grazing may have affected the distribution of AO in the global ocean.