bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the occurrence of residues of flunixin meglumine in cull dairy cows by use of the flunixin cull cow survey
Authors: Deyrup Cynthia L. , Southern Kristal J. , Cornett Julie A. , Shultz Craig E. , Cera Deborah A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether cull dairy cows with signs of certain clinical conditions, termed suspect, are more likely than healthy-appearing cull dairy cows to have violative concentrations of flunixin meglumine in their tissues at slaughter.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—961 cull dairy cows.
Procedures—Suspect cull dairy cows were selected from 21 beef slaughter establishments with a high production volume of dairy cows, and kidney and liver tissues were collected for screening. Kidney tissues were screened for antibiotics and sulfonamides with the fast antimicrobial screening test (FAST). Liver tissues were screened for flunixin meglumine with an ELISA, and quantitative analysis of ELISA-positive samples was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography. During the same time period, liver tissues from 251 healthy-appearing cull dairy cows were collected for the Food Safety and Inspection Service National Residue Program Scheduled Sampling Plan, but were screened only for flunixin meglumine.
Results—Of 710 suspect cull dairy cows, 50 (7.04%) had liver tissue flunixin concentrations higher than the flunixin tolerance concentration (0.125 ppm). Thirty-one of 168 (18.45%) FAST-positive and 19 of 542 (3.51%) FAST-negative suspect cull dairy cows had violative tissue flunixin concentrations. Two of the 251 (0.80%) healthy-appearing cull dairy cows had violative tissue flunixin concentrations.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Suspect cull dairy cows, especially those that were also FAST positive, had a significantly higher incidence of violative tissue flunixin concentrations than healthy-appearing cull dairy cows at slaughter. Targeted sampling plans for flunixin meglumine in suspect dairy cows can help to support more efficient use of resources and further safeguard the nation's food supply.
Free CR distributions
Authors: Schmalz Gerd , Slovák Jan 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
There are only some exceptional CR dimensions and codimensions such that the geometries enjoy a discrete classification of the pointwise types of the homogeneous models. The cases of CR dimensions n and codimensions n
2 are among the very few possibilities of the so-called parabolic geometries. Indeed, the homogeneous model turns out to be PSU(n+1,n)/P with a suitable parabolic subgroup P. We study the geometric properties of such real (2n+n
2)-dimensional submanifolds in $\mathbb{C}^{n + n^2 } $ for all n > 1. In particular, we show that the fundamental invariant is of torsion type, we provide its explicit computation, and we discuss an analogy to the Fefferman construction of a circle bundle in the hypersurface type CR geometry.
Perturbation technique for unsteady MHD mixed convection periodic flow, heat and mass transfer in micropolar fluid with chemical reaction in the presence of thermal radiation
Authors: Pal Dulal , Talukdar Babulal 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
An analytical study is presented for the problem of unsteady hydromagnetic heat and mass transfer for a micropolar fluid bounded by semi-infinite vertical permeable plate in the presence of first-order chemical reaction, thermal radiation and heat absorption. A uniform magnetic field acts perpendicularly to the porous surface which absorbs the micropolar fluid with a time-dependent suction velocity. The basic partial differential equations are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations which are solved analytically using perturbation technique. Numerical calculations for the analytical expressions are carried out and the results are shown graphically. The effects of the various dimensionless parameters related to the problem on the velocity, angular velocity, temperature and concentration fields are discussed in detail.
Probing the QCD critical point by higher moments of net-proton multiplicity distributions at STAR
Authors: Luo Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Higher moments (kurtosis (κ), skewness (S) and variance (σ
2)) of multiplicity distributions are sensitive to the correlation length and can be used to search for the QCD critical point. The moment products κσ
2 and S
σ of net-proton distributions, which are also related to volume independent baryon number susceptibility ratios, can be compared with Lattice QCD and Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model calculations. We discuss the recent progress in the higher moments analysis of net-protons multiplicity distributions.
Isolated fracture of hyoid bone as a result of bicycle injury
Authors: Mitrović Slobodan , Nikolić Olivera , Jović Rajko , Nikolić Marijana 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Authors present a rare case of isolated hyoid bone fractures as a result of a traffic accident. Ten hours before the exam, the patient injured his neck by hitting it against a metal pole which he did not notice while riding a bicycle. Immediately afterwards he felt the pain, and came for an examination due to pain with swallowing. ENT examination discovered no signs of trauma in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx and visible part of trachea. Computed tomography discovered an isolated fracture of hyoid bone. After 24 hour observation, patient was discharged for home care, and was shown a swallowing technique which significantly reduces swallowing pain. At control ENT examination 10 days later patient had no complaints. Control CT examination was not performed, as patient refused it.
Geochemical background - an environmental perspective
Authors: Gałuszka Agnieszka , Migaszewski Zdzisław 
Published: July 2012

Geochemical background - an environmental perspectiveThis article presents the concept of geochemical background from an environmental perspective. The idea of establishing the typical concentrations of elements in various environmental compartments, proposed by exploratory geochemists almost 50 years ago was important for the detection of anomalous element concentrations, thus providing a basic tool in the search for new mineral deposits. At present, the knowledge of the geochemical background of hazardous elements is essential for: defining pollution, identifying the source of contamination, and for establishing reliable environmental quality criteria for soils, sediments and surface waters. The article presents geochemical methods of evaluation of anthropogenic influence on the environment and discusses the problem of defining and understanding the term "geochemical background" and related terms in environmental sciences. It also briefly presents methods of geochemical background evaluation based on the results of environmental sample analyses. It stresses the role of geochemical background in our understanding of environmental pollution and pollution prevention.
Geochemical features of fossil fuel contaminants found in urban wastes (Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland)
Authors: Wojtoń Anna , Fabiańska Monika 
Published: July 2012

Geochemical features of fossil fuel contaminants found in urban wastes (Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland)In sludge samples collected in the "Centrum" wastewater treatment plant in Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland, the composition of aliphatic- and aromatic hydrocarbons and polar compound fractions were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Samples collected in accordance with Polish standards were extracted, the extracts were separated into fractions with preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC), which next were investigated by GC-MS. The following compound groups of the geochemical origin were identified:n-alkanes in the range ofn-C14ton-C.39, acyclic isoprenoids (mainly pristane and phytane), steranes, tri- and pentacyclic triterpanes. Based on the distribution of biomarkers and their parameters, it was established that the dominant component of extractable organic matter in sluge is petroleum material of an unspecified origin. Its geochemical features indicate that its most likely source was crude oil (or its products) of a relatively high degree of thermal maturity (catagenic stage of thermal evolution corresponding to vitrinite reflectance 0.7-0.8%). Aromatic hydrocarbons probably originated from petroleum also, though some of them can be attributed to the products of combustion or to sources such as bituminous coals, the ash from coal/biofuel combustion or coal wastes stored nearby.
Diagenetic signals from ancient human remains - bioarchaeological applications
Authors: Szostek Krzysztof , Stepańczak Beata , Szczepanek Anita , Kępa Małgorzata , Głąb Henryk , Jarosz Paweł , Włodarczak Piotr , Tunia Krzysztof , Pawlyta Jacek , Paluszkiewicz Czesława , Tylko Grzegorz 
Published: July 2012

Diagenetic signals from ancient human remains - bioarchaeological applicationsThis preliminary study examines the potential effects of diagenetic processes on the oxygen-isotope ratios of bone and tooth phosphate (δ18O) from skeletal material of individuals representing the Corded Ware Culture (2500-2400 BC) discovered in Malżyce (Southern Poland). Intra-individual variability of Ca/P, CI, C/P, collagen content (%) and oxygen isotopes was observed through analysis of enamel, dentin and postcranial bones. Using a variety of analytical techniques, it was found that, despite the lack of differences in soil acidity, not all the parts of a skeleton on a given site had been equally exposed to diageneticpost mortemchanges. In a few cases, qualitative changes in the FTIR spectrum of analysed bones were observed. The data suggest that apart from quantitative analyses, i.e., the calculation of Ca/P, CI, C/P and collagen content, qualitative analyses such as examination of the absorbance line are recommended. The degree to which a sample is, contaminated on the basis of any additional, non-biogenic peaks, deemed to be contaminated should also be specified.
H:Q Ratios and Bilateral Leg Strength in College Field and Court Sports Players
Authors: Cheung Roy , Smith Andrew , Wong Del 
Published: July 2012

H:Q Ratios and Bilateral Leg Strength in College Field and Court Sports Players
One of the key components in sports injury prevention is the identification of imbalances in leg muscle strength. However, different leg muscle characteristics may occur in large playing area (field) sports and small playing area (court) sports, which should be considered in regular injury prevention assessment. This study examined the isokinetic hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio and bilateral leg strength balance in 40 male college (age: 23.4 ± 2.5 yrs) team sport players (field sport = 23, soccer players; court sport = 17, volleyball and basketball players). Five repetitions of maximal knee concentric flexion and concentric extension were performed on an isokinetic dynamometer at two speeds (slow: 60 °·s-1 and fast: 300°·s-1) with 3 minutes rest between tests. Both legs were measured in counterbalanced order with the dominant leg being determined as the leg used to kick a ball. The highest concentric peak torque values (Nm) of the hamstrings and quadriceps of each leg were analyzed after body mass normalization (Nm·kg-1). Court sport players showed significantly weaker dominant leg hamstrings muscles at both contraction speeds (P < 0.05). The H:Q ratio was significantly larger in field players in their dominant leg at 60°·s-1 (P < 0.001), and their non-dominant leg at 300°·s-1 (P < 0.001) respectively. Sport-specific leg muscle strength was evident in college players from field and court sports. These results suggest the need for different muscle strength training and rehabilitation protocols for college players according to the musculature requirements in their respective sports.
Effects of Exercise Continued Until Anaerobic Threshold on Balance Performance in Male Basketball Players
Authors: Erkmen Nurtekin , Suveren Sibel , Göktepe Ahmet 
Published: July 2012

Effects of Exercise Continued Until Anaerobic Threshold on Balance Performance in Male Basketball Players
The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of exercise continued until the anaerobic threshold on balance performance in basketball players. Twelve male basketball players (age = 20.92 ± 2.81 years, body height = 192.72 ± 7.61 cm, body mass = 88.09 ± 8.41 kg, training experience = 7.17 ± 3.10 years) volunteered to participate in this study. A Kinesthetic Ability Trainer (KAT 2000 stabilometer) was used to measure the balance performance. Balance tests consisted of static tests on dominant, nondominant and double leg stance. The Bruce Protocol was performed by means of a treadmill. The exercise protocol was terminated when the subject passed the anaerobic threshold. After the exercise protocol, balance measurements were immediately repeated. Statistical differences between pre and post-exercise for dominant, nondominant and double leg stance were determined by the paired samples t-test according to the results of the test of normality. The post-exercise balance score on the dominant leg was significantly higher than pre-exercise (t = -2.758, p < 0.05). No differences existed between pre- and postexercise in the balance scores of the nondominant leg after the exercise protocol (t = 0.428, p > 0.05). A significant difference was found between pre and post-exercise balance scores in the double leg stance (t = -2.354, p < 0.05). The main finding of this study was that an incremental exercise continued until the anaerobic threshold decreased balance performance on the dominant leg in basketball players, but did not alter it in the nondominant leg.
Effects of multi-ingredient supplementation on resistance training in young males
Authors: Willems Mark , Sallis Chris , Haskell Jonathan 
Published: July 2012

Effects of multi-ingredient supplementation on resistance training in young males
Muscle strength and fatigue resistance increases with resistance training. Resistance training adaptations can be enhanced with single-ingredient or dual-ingredient supplementation but less is known about resistance training adaptations by multi-ingredient supplementation. We examined the effects of a commercial multi-ingredient supplement on resistance training adaptations for training-specific and non-training-specific tasks in young males. Male participants (n = 16, age 21±2 years, body mass 74.5±5.9 kg, body height 177±5 cm) had at least 1 year experience with resistance training exercises. Training (7 muscle groups, 4 sessions/week, weekly adjustments) consisted of two 6 weeks blocks with 4 weeks between blocks. During training, participants consumed placebo (i.e. maltodextrin, n = 7) or the sports nutritional supplement Cyclone (Maximuscle Ltd, UK, n = 9) (main ingredients creatine monohydrate, whey protein, glutamine and HMB) twice daily with one intake <15 min following a training session. Unpaired Student's ttest was used for placebo and Cyclone group comparison of percentage changes with p < 0.05. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated for the Cyclone group. Cyclone did not enhance maximal voluntary isometric force (MVIF) (p = 0.56), time to fatigue at 70% MVIF (p = 0.41) and peak concentric strength (60°·s
-1) (p = 0.66) of m.quadriceps femoris (i.e. the non-specific training tasks). For the specific-training tasks, Cyclone did not enhance one-repetition maximum (1-RM) of lateral pull (p = 0.48) but there was a trend and large effect size for 1-RM of bench press (p = 0.07, d = 0.98) and 45° leg press (p = 0.07, d = 1.41). Cyclone resulted in an increase in number of repetitions for 80% pre-training 1-RM for lateral pull (p = 0.02, d = 1.30), bench press (p = 0.03, d = 1.20) with a trend for 45° leg press (p = 0.08, d = 0.96). Cyclone during resistance training enhanced the performance of 1-RM and number of repetitions at 80% of pretraining 1RM of some training-specific tasks, all with large effect sizes. Our observations suggest that Cyclone during resistance training substantially improves the ability to perform training-related tasks.
A Review on the Effects of Soccer Small-Sided Games
Authors: Aguiar Marco , Botelho Goreti , Lago Carlos , Maças Victor , Sampaio Jaime 
Published: July 2012

A Review on the Effects of Soccer Small-Sided Games
Over the last years there has been a substantial growth in research related to specific training methods in soccer with a strong emphasis on the effects of small-sided games. The increase of research in this topic is coincident with the increase of popularity obtained by specific soccer conditioning, which involves training players to deal with soccer match situations. Given the limited time available for fitness training in soccer, the effectiveness of small-sided games as a conditioning stimulus needs to be optimized to allow players to compete at the highest level. Available studies indicate that physiological responses (e.g. heart rate, blood lactate concentration and rating of perceived exertion), tactical and technical skill requirements can be modified during small-sided games by altering factors such as the number of players, the size of the pitch, the rules of the game, and coach encouragement. However, because of the lack of consistency in small-sided games design, player fitness, age, ability, level of coach encouragement, and playing rules in each of these studies, it is difficult to make accurate conclusions on the influence of each of these factors separately.
Stability Ball Training on Lower Back Strength has Greater Effect in Untrained Female Compared to Male
Authors: Sukalinggam Chandra , Sukalinggam Gabriel , Kasim Fajar , Yusof Ashril 
Published: July 2012

Stability Ball Training on Lower Back Strength has Greater Effect in Untrained Female Compared to Male
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term stability ball (SB) training on males and females by comparing the strength changes produced in the core muscles. Forty-two previously untrained subjects, mean age = 23.62 ± 2.89 years were matched by their maximum strength (back strength: male = 190-200 kg, female = 45-50 kg and abdominal strength: male = 110-120 kg, female = 35-40 kg 1RM) and randomly placed in either one of these 3 groups; unstable SB group (n = 14), stable floor group (n = 14) and control group (n = 14) who did no exercise. SB training showed greatest improvement (p < 0.001) in back and abdominal strength (25.79 % and 29.51 % respectively), compared with the gain in floor training (FT) back and abdominal strength (10.28 % and 8.47 % respectively). Untrained female subjects achieved a higher percentage of improvement in strength compared to males in both back and abdominal muscles, and this is most evident in the SB training group. It is apparent that performing core training exercises on unstable surfaces stressed the musculature, possibly activating the neuro-adaptive mechanisms that led to the early phase gains in strength.
Improving the Consistency and Continuity of MODIS 8 Day Leaf Area Index Products
Authors: Kandasamy Sivasathivel , Neveux Philippe , Verger Aleixandre , Buis Samuel , Weiss Marie , Baret Frédéric 
Published: July 2012

Improving the Consistency and Continuity of MODIS 8 Day Leaf Area Index Products
Time Series Analysis of Leaf Area Index (LAI) is vital to the understanding of global vegetation dynamics. The LAI time series derived from satellite observations are usually not complete and noisy due to cloud contamination and uncertainties in the retrieval techniques. In this paper, the continuity and consistency of the MODIS 8 day LAI products are improved using a method based on Caterpillar Singular Spectrum Analysis. The proposed method is compared with other standard methods: Savitzky-Golay filter, Empirical Mode Decomposition, Low Pass filtering and Asymmetric Gaussian fitting. The experiment demonstrates the smoothing and gapfilling ability of the developed method, which is more robust across the biomes both in terms of root mean square error metrics and bias metrics as compared to the standard methods.
Predictive Maintenance Sensors Placement by Combinatorial Optimization
Authors: Borissova Daniela , Mustakerov Ivan , Doukovska Lyubka 
Published: July 2012

Predictive Maintenance Sensors Placement by Combinatorial Optimization
The strategy of predictive maintenance monitoring is important for successful system damage detection. Maintenance monitoring utilizes dynamic response information to identify the possibility of damage. The basic factors of faults detection analysis are related to properties of the structure under inspection, collect the signals and appropriate signals processing. In vibration control, structures response sensing is limited by the number of sensors or the number of input channels of the data acquisition system. An essential problem in predictive maintenance monitoring is the optimal sensor placement. The paper addresses that problem by using mixed integer linear programming tasks solving. The proposed optimal sensors location approach is based on the difference between sensor information if sensor is present and information calculated by linear interpolation if sensor is not present. The tasks results define the optimal sensors locations for a given number of sensors. The results of chosen sensors locations give as close as possible repeating the curve of structure dynamic response function. The proposed approach is implemented in an algorithm for predictive maintenance and the numerical results indicate that together with intelligent signal processing it could be suitable for practical application.
Is polychaete diversity in the deep sublittoral of an Antarctic fiord related to habitat complexity?
Authors: Pabis Krzysztof , Siciński Jacek 
Published: July 2012

Is polychaete diversity in the deep sublittoral of an Antarctic fiord related to habitat complexity?Seventy-six species of Polychaeta were found in 19 quantitative samples collected in the deep sublittoral (200-500 m) of Admiralty Bay (South Shetlands). Three assemblages were distinguished by similarity analysis (clustering, nMDS). The soft bottom in depths from 200 to 300m was strongly dominated byMaldane sarsi antarcticaand had very low species richness and diversity. The second assemblage was distinguished in the areas of the sea floor in the same depth range but with aggregations of Ascidiacea and Bryozoa. It was again characterized by high abundance ofMaldane sarsi antarctica, but showed significantly higher species richness and diversity. Diversity of polychaete feeding guilds was also high in these areas. This pattern was probably associated with an increased habitat complexity due to the presence of dense aggregations of large suspension feeders. High species richness and diversity was also noted in the third assemblage, associated with the deepest sublittoral (400-500 m) of Admiralty Bay. This is the area characterized by very stable environmental conditions, where the assemblage was dominated byTharyx cincinnatus, Sternaspissp.,Maldane sarsi antarctica, andAsychis amphiglypta.