bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical predictors of tobacco dependence relapses
Authors: Speranskaya O.I. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSo far, the smoking relapses after quitting have not been studied clinically. Psychological research emphasizes the role of stress and mood disorders in tobacco dependence relapse.Our investigations showed that not only emotional changes but some clinico-psychopatological factors (signs) of tobacco dependence are very important in predicting the smoking relapses.Methods165 tobacco dependent patients, age 47–76, 105 women, 60 men, smoking period more than 25 years, were examined and anamnestically investigated from their first attempts to start smoking. All of them had therapy resistance appeared after several successful quittings.Factor analysis was made to find out the prognostic signs for smoking recidives.Results100% patients had at least 2–3 “unfull” therapy remissions after smoking cessations with the persistence of ideatory component of craving for tobacco: the impossibility to control the mental ideas of smoking.The less meaningful factors were, such as:•depressive mood at the time of remission with anxiety and sensibility in women (73%) and disphoria and irritability in men (89%);•indifferent attitude towards tobacco smoke smell (72%);•indifferent attitude to own health condition (56% women, 93% men);•short time quitting periods before relapses in smoking anamnesis ;•passive smoking in family (at work) (72 women, 43%men);•slowly disappearing symptoms of smoking cessation at the process of treatment (86% both sexes).ConclusionsThese data have preventive and prognostic benefit for diagnosis and planning therapy intervention.
Co-occurrence of patological gambling and alcohol dependence like common behavior
Authors: Stankovic M. , Alcaz S. , Vucetic-Arsic S. , Nikic M. , Popovic R. , Pejic S. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPathological gambling and alcoholism are more common. In recent literature many factors may increase the risk for both conditions (social, cognitive, genetic, psychopharmacological).ObjectivesExperts talk about problematic behavior linking gambling and alcoholism and the terms „disordered gambling behavior“ and „disordered alcoholics behavior“ occurrence like common behaviour. Most gamblers drink alcohol during gambling.AimOur paper show that some kind of disordered or dysfunctional behavior among pathological gambling and alcoholism presented common behavior frame for both of them.MethodsWe observed 25 male inpatients/outpatients, range of age between 20 – 50, for six months period of time who were treated in Department of Alcoholism in Special Hospital On Addictions, Belgrade, Serbia.We used the ICD-X diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling and alcohol dependence (excluded other disorder and co morbidity), data collected by medical history of illnes, psychiatry interview and check list for behavior disorder for both conditions.ResultsAll the patients have negative consequences of their pathological gambling and alcoholism like loss the money, loss the job,disfunctonal family and partners relationships, loss of friends, avoid school and other peer activities, improve criminal behavior, sleep disorder, anxiety, depressive mood disorder. Also, occurrences the impulsivity behavior and lack of control as common factor for both behavior.ConclusionAccording the available literature and ICD-X do not meet the diagnostic criteria for common behavior disorder co-occurrence of pathological gambling and alcoholism yet, but determine „event-level“ like co-occurrence of gambling and drinking behavior. Some paper like this shows that exist common behavior linking gambling and alcoholism.
Baclofen in cannabis dependence syndrome - a open-label study and a brief follow up
Authors: Subodh N. , Chand P. , Murthy P. , Madhusudhan S. , Benegal V. 
Published: May 2011

AimTo study the effect of baclofen in preventing drug use in persons with cannabis misuse.MethodologyAn open label study to asses the effect of baclofen in treating persons with cannabis dependence (ICD-10 criteria) with assessments of outcome every month for a period of three months.Results20 male subjects (mean age of 29.70 ± 10.19 years) with a mean age at development of dependence of 20.75 ± 09.34 years and mean duration of cannabis use of 89.40 ± 57.41 months, were treated with baclofen (mean dose of 33.75 ± 04.83 mg./day). At three months 12 subjects (60%) completely stopped, 6 subjects (30%) decreased the frequency and 2 subjects (10%) continued the same frequency of the cannabis intake.ConclusionOur findings provide preliminary support for the use of baclofen in maintaining abstinence and improving outcome in patients with cannabis dependence.
Barriers to care for women with substance use
Authors: Subodh N. , Murthy P. , Chand P. , Rani V. , Benegal V. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSubstance use among females showing an increasing trend in India. Though there is an increase in the rate of women approaching Deaddiction centre for treatment it is lower than the community prevalence of women with substance use.ObjectivesThis study aims to look at the barriers preventing women from seeking treatment.AimTo assess the self reported barriers to seek treatment for women with substance users.MethodologyA total of 50 substance using women were included among 52 visiting our de-addiction centre from Oct 09 till early part of Jan 10. All of them were self rated on barrier to care questionnaire specially prepared for the study.ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 42.32 (SD 12.37). Majority of them were married, house wives studied up to primary. The most common substances used were Alcohol and tobacco (36%), followed by alcohol (26%) and tobacco (26%). The common perceived barriers to care are substance use has a solution to their problem (80%), disadvantage life circumstances (70%), lack of information on treatment options (64%), limited knowledge about treatment available (64%), shame/guilt of using the substance (64%) and limited knowledge about substance use problems (62%).ConclusionFindings highlights the areas that require attention for women with substance use. Handling these issues in a better way may increase the treatment seeking in women substance users.
Psychiatric symptoms’ treatment to patients addicted to alcohol, cocaine and crack
Authors: Silva A.M. , Pequeno M.L. , Feltrin M.D. , Gonçalves J.A. , Ropero Pelaez F.J. , Vitorino J. , Taniguchi S.F. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionExtrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) related to the use of neuroleptics are an limiting factor to patients’ compliance during the treatment with this group of drugs.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify which drugs are mostly prescribed for cocaine, crack and alcohol addicts’ psychotic symptoms.MethodsThis study selected 31 patients with mean age of 33.61 ± 1.90 enrolled with psychotic disorders related to use of illicit drugs in an public mental health service.ResultsPatients under this study were addict to alcohol (61,29%), cocaine or crack, associated (38,71%).The percentage of patients addicted to alcohol treated with typical neuroleptic-(typical-neurol) was 42,11%, with atypical neuroleptic-(atypical-neurol) was 26,32%, with association of typical and atypical neuroleptics-(typical/atypical-neurol) (21,60%), and with benzodiazepines associated with serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors (BZD-SSRI) (10,00)%. The cocaine or crack associated or not with alcohol patients were treated with typical-neurol (41,67%), atypical-neurol (41,67%), typical/atypical-neurolol (8,33%) and BZD-SSRI (8,33%).The EPS related to the use of neuroleptics in patients addicted to alcohol were given biperiden (52,65%), promethazine or anticolvulsant (Prometh/Anticonv) (42,11%) and no-treatment (5,26%). For those patients, addicted to cocaine, crack and alcohol altogether were given biperiden (58,34%), Prometh/Anticonv (25,00%) and no-treatment (16,67%).ConclusionsIn the case of using neuroleptics, the EPS should be reversed with biperiden in an dose combined with the neuroleptic prescribed to each individual, in an effort to minimized hallucination. Also, if sedation was indicated using Prometh/Anticonv to patients that are taking neuroleptics, then the health care professional team in charge must be aware of consciousness level-reduction.
Quetiapine for the treatment of cocaine dependence
Authors: Tapp A. , Wood A.E. , Kennedy A. , Sylvers P. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundCocaine abuse continues to be epidemic, and yet there are no FDA approved medications for the treatment of cocaine use disorders. A previous pilot study conducted by this author suggested that quetiapine may help reduce the cravings for cocaine in 22 individuals with cocaine dependence.MethodsThis 12-week, prospective, intent-to-treat, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study examined the effectiveness of quetiapine (Seroquel SR™) versus matched placebo for the treatment of cocaine dependence in non-psychotic individuals. Sixty individuals with a diagnosis of cocaine dependence were randomized in this study, 29 into the quetiapine arm, and 31 into the placebo arm. Those who were randomized to quetiapine were titrated up to a target dose of 400 mg/day of quetiapine, while those on the placebo arm were given a matched placebo. All subjects had weekly clinic visits for a cognitive-behavioral therapy group session. Outcome measures included questionnaires of cocaine use, cravings for cocaine, and urine drug screen.ResultsInitial analyses indicate that the intensity, frequency, and length of cocaine cravings were reduced over 6 weeks in both the quetiapine and placebo groups. All hazard analyses indicated that the total money spent on cocaine also decreased in both groups, with a trend toward greater decrements in cocaine use the longer they remained in the study. Data analyses are ongoing to determine the potential effect of quetiapine on treatment of cocaine addiction.ConclusionsConclusions regarding the use of quetiapine as a treatment for cocaine dependence will be discussed.
The management of drug dependency followed through the center for drug addicts of Annaba
Authors: Tefahi B.B. , Kacha F. ,   Drug Project, Therapeutic Support, CIST, Annaba
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe drug dependency are chronic disorders of enamel relapse resulting from the interaction between a living organism and a psychoactive substance.ObjectiveThe aim of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive treatment plan for drug dependency at the center through drug addiction treatment using Annaba a semi-structured interview by direct multidimensional exploring different psychoactive substances.MethodsOur methodology is based on an observational study of a cohort of 100 patients, aged 17 to 54, having a substance-related disorders according to DSM IV-TR, followed by the CIST Annaba since 2008.ResultsThe age group most affected is between 21–30 years, predominantly male (96%), singles (68%), inactive (58%) and residing in the region of Annaba (77%), duration average consumption is higher (10 + 3 years) in 33% of cases, poly drug at doses above therapeutic in 90% of cases. The personality assessment is made by the Rorschach projective test of objectifying the presence of borderline personality disorder in 68% of cases. The establishment of a therapeutic project (motivational interviewing, drug substitution treatment and symptomatic treatment with cognitive behavioral psychotherapy) of drug dependency at the CIST Annaba could positively reinforce the assumption by reducing or stopping use toxic products. Cases of remission were found in 48%, but relapse was concerned that a quarter of cases.
Correlations between the clinical forms of alcoholism and début age
Authors: Tiugan A. , Tiugan C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe mal-adaptative use of alcohol represents independent psychiatric pathology, but the social and professional disability and the co-morbidity with other psycho-pathologic disorders gains the value of a phenomenon.ObjectivesThe research was done clinically and catamnestic, both analytically and retrospectively over a period of 12 years on a group of patients with mal-adaptative consumption of alcohol, making the correlation between the clinical forms and the age of its debut.Matherial and MethodThe group included 644 patients with diagnosis of alcohol induced disorders..The information obtained from the observation sheets (anamnesis, psychiatric interview and psychological examination) were statistically processed depending on the debut age, age groups and clinical forms.ResultsThere is a vulnerability of early debut for alcohol consumption, with the development of secondary symptomatology predominantly in the age interval 35–40 years old (29,97%).The early debut of alcohol consumption (16–25 years) was correlated with acute intoxication 11,49%, withdrawal syndrome 31,68%, anxiety disorders 28,26% and psychotic disorder 18,57%.Clinical boards in over 45 years old patients were characterized by alcohol induced depressive disorders 72%, personality disorders 11,80%, cognitive disorders 16,2%, alcohol use being released by psycho-stressing factor (76%)In advanced ages, the use of alcohol was correlated with depressive and behavioural disorders (68%).ConclusionsThe patients with early debut of alcohol consumption developed psycho-pathologic disorders secondary to it, before 30 years old.The consumption debut at young ages is correlated with the severe addiction type and the behavioural model, and in advanced ages with depressive disorders.
Xenontherapy of withdrawal syndrom among the patients with opioid dependence
Authors: Tsygankov B.D. , Shamov S.A. , Khritinin D.F. , Dobrovolskaya U.V. , Yaltonskaya A.V. 
Published: May 2011

Development of safe and efficient methods of opioid withdrawal syndrome treatment is a problem of addiction psychiatry. The search for new methods is influenced by the fact that the withdrawl state is complicated by severe psycho-vegetative dysfunction, pain, consistent insomnia, absence of response to psychopharmacological treatment and frequent co-morbidity with HBV/HCV.The objective of this research was to study the effects of the inert gas - Xenon - on the psychopathological and psycho-vegetative symptoms of withdrawal and post-withdrawal states among patients with opioid dependency.The aims of the research were as follows: to develop a new medical technology in the treatment of opioid withdrawal and post-withdrawal states with an account of the severity of their course, to develop clinical-laboratory differential predictors of efficacy of the treatment. From 2001 till 2006 a complex examination and treatment of 208 patients who suffered from opioid withdrawal state were conducted. The standard treatment was complemented with the use of Xenon in the intensive care wards of the Clinic of Drug Addiction №17, Moscow. An assessment of the therapeutic efficacy was based on the dynamic use of contemporary clinical, laboratory, psychological and statistical methods.Results showed that supplementing the standard treatment with the use of Xenon led to the quickest reduction of the diver symptoms of opioid withdrawal and post-withdrawal states. It was proved that Xenon, as an antagonist of NMDA-receptors, provides a strong painkilling and neuroprotective effect and ultimatly stabilizes dysfunction of the vegetative system due to the suppression of catecholamine producing.
Alcohol dependence in a psychiatric interconsultation unit
Authors: Veiga I. , Martinez P. , Vigo L. , Portillo J. , Gago A. 
Published: May 2011

AimsTo determine the pattern of alcohol dependence among medical impatients who requires Psychiatric Interconsultation, with the purpose of achieve a better understanding of the problem and to suggest prevention strategies.MethodsSample studied was collected among all inpatients with diagnosis of alcohol dependence (DSM-IV-TR) admitted in our hospital during a study period of 3 years, from january 2007 to may 2010, who required psychiatric interconsultation.Results101 admissions with diagnosis of alcohol dependence were reviewed. There were 80 men (79,20%) and 21 women (20,8%). The mean of age was 53,13 years. The mean days of stay was 14,13. In this study, 60 subjects (59,40) there are medical history of alcohol dependence and 58 (57,42%) psychiatrc history.Aims of admissionAlcohol deprivation 13 cases (12,87%); convulsion 6 (5,94%); acute agitation 5 (4,95%); cranioencephalic trauma 5 (4,95%); alcohol intoxication 5 (4,95%); fracture 4 (3,96%); suicide attempt 6 (3,96%); psychiatric indication 10 (9,9%); primary care indication 3 (0,029%); organic problem secondary to alcohol 32 (31,68%); other 12 (6,11%). 42 patients were admitted in Unidade Medica de Alta precoz (41,58%); Medical 21 (20,79%); Traumatology department 4 (3,96%); Gastroenterology 12 (6,11%); Neurology 3 (0,029%); Other departments 19 (18,81%).ConclusionsThe main cause of medical admission are somatic complications of alcohol, finding that only 9.9% of the income was indicated by the psychiatrist and to 0.029% for the primary care physician. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention 1, 2 and 3 of these complications should be a target of psychiatry.
Attentional bias and pathological gambling. Validation of gambling-related pictures for the development of a dot-probe task
Authors: Vizcaino E.J.V. , Mayor M.M. , Gras I.M. , Alfaro G.P. , Arriero M.Á.J. , Valladolid G.R. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundThere is a growing trend to consider pathological gambling (PG) as an addictive behavior. Attentional bias (AB) occurs when the attentional channeling is directed towards emotionally valued stimuli despite an individual's effort to ignore them. This paradigm has been widely used to assess other addictions such as alcoholism and cocaine misuse. AB has been assessed in PG using the modified Stroop procedure. Despite that, to date, other procedures such as the dot-probe task have not been used.ObjectiveTo develop a dot-probe task to assess AB in PG.MethodsWe selected 38 gambling-related pictures that were validated using the Self-Assessment Manikin Visual Analogical Scale (SAM-VAS). This scale measures the pleasure, arousal, and dominance associated with a person's affective reaction to a wide variety of stimuli. We applied the scale to 20 subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for PG and to 20 matched control subjects.ResultsFrom 38 preselected pictures, 25 had an affective valence and enough intensity to be selected for the subsequent development of the dot-probe task.ConclusionsTo date, the modified Stroop procedure has been the only task carried out to assess AB in gamblers. These gambling-related pictures will be used to develop a dot-probe task to assess AB in pathological gamblers. In addition, we will assess the Eye movement task and Event-related Potentials, as direct measures of AB.
Sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment as factors for predicting an alcohol use disorder
Authors: Vizcaíno E.J.V. , Mayor M.M. , Gras I.M. , Alfaro G.P. , Arriero M.Á.J. , Valladolid G.R. 
Published: May 2011

RationaleGray's theory of personality distinguishes two personality dimensions: Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS). This construct has been widely used in the field of addictions and the study of impulsivity. BIS and BAS can be measured using the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). This questionnaire has been carried out in cross-sectional studies related to alcohol misuse, eating disorders, pathological gambling and cannabis misuse.ObjectivesTo study Sensitivity to Reward and Sensitivity to Punishment as factors that could predict the development of Alcohol Dependence.Methods380 subjects completed the SPSRQ at the beginning of the study and were followed-up for 4 years. At this point, participants completed a protocol that assessed drinking-related variables and drinking patterns. Statistic was performed using regression analysis.ResultsLow scores obtained in the Reward Sensitivity Subscale was a significant predictor for developing an Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). High scores obtained in the Punishment Sensitivity Subscale were not significantly related to the subsequent development of an AUD.ConclusionsLow scores obtained in the Reward Sensitivity Subscale predict a higher risk for the development of Alcohol Dependence. This could be due to more difficulties that these individuals exhibit, despite the negative consequences, when they have to inhibit their seeking behavior and intake of alcohol.
The transion of consumption patterns of heroin users in Belgrade
Authors: Vucetic-Arsic S. , Stankovic M. , Alcaz S. , Nikic M. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveDuring the last two decades illicit drug use in Belgrade has been changed.Previously, one of the most common methods of illicit heroin use was via intravenous injection. In 1987, injecting drug, as main consumption patterns was accepted by 90,6% of patients, although intravenous administration fell to 75,5% in 1995.The aim of the study was to observe if the main pattern of heroin consumption had changed lately.MethodsThe study included 382 illicit drug users (mean age 28,8 ± 4,7; both gender) treated in Special Hospital for Addiction, Belgrade in period of a year (Sept. 2009–2010).We used data from Pompidou questionnaire and calculated prevalence through standard survey technique.ResultsA total of 94,5% respondents reported a lifetime prevalence of heroin as a main drug, 1,1% of other opiates, 0,3% of cocaine and amphetamine. More than 92,7% of respondents used heroin in the last month regularly. The lifetime prevalence consumption mode for intranasal use was 44,3%, injecting 39,8% and smoking/ inhaling 13,9%.First injectable route experience is reported for age 17–19 = 11.9%; for 20–22 = 25.6%; for 23–26 = 30-3%. The total number of 79,8% reported negative HIV testing result, 0,5% positive result.ConclusionThe consumption model changed in last 10 years and our study confirmed significant diversity. Intranasal administration linked with young population of heroin addicts, who never or rarely use injectable route with low level of HIV infection. Older addicts prefer intravenous use and often change to intranasal route later, for safety or damaged process of peripheral blood vessel.
Alcohol-related absence from work and hospital treatment are associated with higher mortality and permanent disability among workers
Authors: Wedegaertner F. , Arnhold-Kerri S. , Sittaro N.-A. , Hillemacher T. , Bleich S. , Geyer S. , te Wildt B. 
Published: May 2011

AimsIt was the aim of this study to estimate effects of alcohol abuse on early retirement and premature death in the working population with special emphasis on alcohol related absenteeism from work and inpatient treatment.MethodsSample consisted of 125.019 resp. 128.001 health insurance clients up to age 58 resp. 74 were used. Mean follow-up period was 6.4 years. Excess risks were calculated with Cox regression models adjusted for age, gender, education and job classification.ResultsBoth alcohol-related absenteeism from work (without inpatient treatment) and detoxification treatment were associated with higher risks of early retirement (RR 2.59, CI 2.21–3.04, p < 0.001; RR 2.29, CI 1.99–2.62, p < 0.001) and premature death (RR 3.26 CI 2.74–3.88, p < 0.001; RR 4.41, CI 3.90–4.98, p < 0.001).Further analysis showed higher risks of early retirement for males. Females who sought inpatient treatment for alcohol abuse/addiction had the highest risk of premature death (RR 7.75, CI 5.61–10.68, p < 0.001). Marked increases of the risks for permanent disablity and death during the follow-up period could also be oberserved after all-cause inpatient treatment in patients with a comorbid alcohol problem.ConclusionsThe detrimental effect of alcoholism on life expectancy and capacity to work is considerable after absenteeism from work, psychiatric treatment and all-cause inpatient treatment. While female patients in detoxification wards are a minority, they may be more strongly affected by the somatic complications of alcohol abuse. Nevertheless, strong selection biases in this subsample need to be considered and the data interpreted with caution.