bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Concomitant CYP2D6 Inhibitor Use and Tamoxifen Adherence on Breast Cancer Recurrence in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Dezentjé Vincent O. , van Blijderveen Nico J.C. , Gelderblom Hans , Putter Hein , van Herk-Sukel Myrthe P.P. , Casparie Mariel K. , Egberts Antoine C.G. , Nortier Johan W.R. , Guchelaar Henk-Jan 
Published: April 2010

Purpose The use of cytochrome P450 2D6–inhibiting drugs (CYP2D6 inhibitors) during tamoxifen treatment leads to a decrease in plasma concentration of endoxifen, the major active tamoxifen metabolite. Concomitant use of CYP2D6 inhibitors, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, as well as low tamoxifen adherence may negatively impact tamoxifen efficacy in patients with breast cancer. The objectives of this study were to relate concomitant CYP2D6 inhibitor use and tamoxifen adherence to breast cancer event-free time (EFT). Patients and Methods Data were from PHARMO and included a community pharmacy dispensing database; PALGA, a nationwide pathology database; and the Dutch Medical Register in the Netherlands. Patients with breast cancer treated with adjuvant tamoxifen between 1994 and 2006 were included. A Cox proportional hazards model with a time-dependent definition for concomitant CYP2D6 inhibitor exposure was used. Adherence calculated over the first year after tamoxifen initiation was related to breast cancer events in the following period. Results In total, 1,962 patients with breast cancer using tamoxifen were included, among whom 150 (7.6%) frequently used a CYP2D6 inhibitor during tamoxifen treatment. No association between concomitant CYP2D6 inhibitor use and breast cancer recurrence was observed (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.42 to 1.79; P = .69). Poor tamoxifen adherence was associated with lower EFT (adjusted HR, 0.987; 95% CI, 0.975 to 0.999; P = .029). Conclusion This observational study did not show an association between concomitant CYP2D6 inhibitor use and breast cancer recurrence among patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen despite the strong biologic rationale. This study shows, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, that poor tamoxifen adherence is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer events.
Pharmacogenetic Assessment of Toxicity and Outcome in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated With LV5FU2, FOLFOX, and FOLFIRI: FFCD 2000-05
Authors: Boige Valérie , Mendiboure Jean , Pignon Jean-Pierre , Loriot Marie-Anne , Castaing Marine , Barrois Michel , Malka David , Trégouët David-Alexandre , Bouché Olivier , Le Corre Delphine , Miran Isabelle , Mulot Claire , Ducreux Michel , Beaune Philippe , Laurent-Puig Pierre 
Published: April 2010

Purpose The aim was to investigate whether germline polymorphisms within candidate genes known or suspected to be involved in fluorouracil (FU), oxaliplatin, and irinotecan pathways were associated with toxicity and clinical outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Patients and Methods Blood samples from 349 patients included in the Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive 2000-05 randomized trial, which compared FU plus leucovorin (LV5FU2) followed by FU, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) followed by FU, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI; sequential arm) with FOLFOX followed by FOLFIRI (combination arm) in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival, were collected. Twenty polymorphisms within the DPD, TS, MTHFR, ERCC1, ERCC2, GSTP1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and UGT1A1 genes were genotyped. Results The ERCC2-K751QC allele was independently associated with an increased risk of FOLFOX-induced grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity (P = .01). In the sequential arm, TS-5′UTR3RG and GSTT1 alleles were independently associated with response to LV5FU2 (P = .009) and FOLFOX (P = .01), respectively. The effect of oxaliplatin on tumor response increased with the number of MTHFR-1298C alleles (test for trend, P = .008). The PFS benefit from first-line FOLFOX was restricted to patients with 2R/2R (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.68) or 2R/3R (HR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.82) TS-5′UTR genotypes, respectively. Conversely, patients with the TS-5′UTR 3R/3R genotype did not seem to benefit from the adjunction of oxaliplatin (HR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.40; trend between the three HRs, P = .006). Conclusion A pharmacogenetic approach may be a useful strategy for personalizing and optimizing chemotherapy in mCRC patients and deserves confirmation in additional prospective studies.
Interactions Among Genetic Variants in Apoptosis Pathway Genes, Reflux Symptoms, Body Mass Index, and Smoking Indicate Two Distinct Etiologic Patterns of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhai Rihong , Chen Feng , Liu Geoffrey , Su Li , Kulke Matthew H. , Asomaning Kofi , Lin Xihong , Heist Rebecca S. , Nishioka Norman S. , Sheu Chau-Chyun , Wain John C. , Christiani David C. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose Apoptosis pathway, gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (reflux), higher body mass index (BMI), and tobacco smoking have been individually associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) development. However, how multiple factors jointly affect EA risk remains unclear. Patients and Methods In total, 305 patients with EA and 339 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. High-order interactions among reflux, BMI, smoking, and functional polymorphisms in five apoptotic genes (FAS, FASL, IL1B, TP53BP, and BAT3) were investigated by entropy-based multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR), classification and regression tree (CART), and traditional logistic regression (LR) models. Results In LR analysis, reflux, BMI, and smoking were significantly associated with EA risk, with reflux as the strongest individual factor. No individual single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with EA susceptibility. However, there was a two-way interaction between IL1B + 3954C>T and reflux (P = .008). In both CART and MDR analyses, reflux was also the strongest individual factor for EA risk. In individuals with reflux symptoms, CART analysis indicated that strongest interaction was among variant genotypes of IL1B + 3954C>T and BAT3S625P, higher BMI, and smoking (odds ratio [OR], 5.76; 95% CI, 2.48 to13.38), a finding independently found using MDR analysis. In contrast, for participants without reflux symptoms, the strongest interaction was found between higher BMI and smoking (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.88 to 5.68), also echoed by entropy-based MDR analysis. Conclusion Although a history of reflux is an important risk for EA, multifactor interactions also play important roles in EA risk. Gene-environment interaction patterns differ between patients with and without reflux symptoms.
Phase II Study of Amrubicin As Second-Line Therapy in Patients With Platinum-Refractory Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ettinger David S. , Jotte Robert , Lorigan Paul , Gupta Vicram , Garbo Lawrence , Alemany Carlos , Conkling Paul , Spigel David R. , Dudek Arkadiusz Z. , Shah Chirag , Salgia Ravi , McNally Richard , Renschler Markus F. , Oliver Jennifer W. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose Amrubicin is a synthetic anthracycline with potent topoisomerase II inhibition. This phase II study was conducted to confirm safety and activity of amrubicin in the treatment of refractory small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Patients and Methods Patients with refractory SCLC (either with progressive disease as best response or progression within 90 days of first-line therapy) received amrubicin (40 mg/m2/d for 3 every 21 days). The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR); secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Results Seventy-five patients with a median progression-free interval after first-line therapy of 38 days were enrolled; 69 patients received a median of four amrubicin cycles (range, one to 12 cycles). The ORR was 21.3% (95% CI, 12.7% to 32.3%), with one complete response (1.3%) and 15 partial responses (20%). Median PFS and OS were 3.2 months (95% CI, 2.4 to 4.0 months) and 6.0 months (95% CI, 4.8 to 7.1 months), respectively. The ORR in 43 patients who never responded to first-line therapy was 16.3% (95% CI, 6.8% to 30.7%). Most commonly reported grade 3 or 4 adverse events included neutropenia (67%), thrombocytopenia (41%), and anemia (30%), with febrile neutropenia in 12%. There was no decrease in mean LVEF with cumulative amrubicin doses exceeding 750 mg/m2. Conclusion Single-agent amrubicin showed promising activity with a 21.3% ORR and an acceptable safety profile when used as second-line therapy patients with platinum-refractory SCLC. Amrubicin did not induce early cardiotoxicity, but its long-term effects are unknown.
Reduction of Friction Torque in Vane Pumps by Using Physical Vapour Deposition-Coated Vane
Authors: Inaguma Y 
Published: April 2010

This paper presents a method of reducing friction torque in a hydraulic vane pump through a short-period pump operation by using physical vapour deposition (PVD)-coated vanes. It is well known that the friction torque in a vane pump as well as in other hydraulic machines can be reduced by running-in through a long-time pump operation. This paper revealed that the reduction in the friction torque was derived from lowered friction between a cam contour and vane tips owing to the smoothed surface of a cam contour. Commonly, it was difficult to obtain such an effect through a short-period pump operation. The author has attempted to lessen the surface roughness of the cam contour and to decrease the friction torque of a vane in a short period of time by using vanes coated with an extremely hard PVD layer on their tips. In this study, three kinds of coatings of chromium nitride (CrN), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), and diamond-like carbon (DLC) by PVD were examined. It was found that the TiCN-coated vane was excellent in smoothing the surface roughness of the cam contour and in reducing the friction torque of the vane in a short period of time. It was also shown that the reduced friction torque of the vane depended essentially on the smoothness of the cam contour surface. In addition, the difference of the friction at the vane tip between an ordinary vane and coated vanes was indistinct for the same surface roughness of the cam contour below 0.8 μ m Rz.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lev Benjamin 
Published: April 2010

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. However, we do not review software. To submit a book for review, please send it to me at the above address. Although we cannot review all books because of space limitations, we do list all books that we receive. We commission all book reviews and do not accept unsolicited reviews. To become a reviewer, please send me your name, address, and specific areas of expertise. We encourage readers to suggest books for review or to ask publishers to send copies of such books. The authors or editors of books that we review in this issue are Narendra Agrawal, Stephen A. Smith, Shashi K. Mishra, Giorgio Giorgi, and Jayashankar M. Swaminathan.
With a little help from my goals: Integrating intergoal facilitation with the theory of planned behaviour to predict physical activity
Authors: Presseau Justin , Sniehotta Falko F. , Francis Jill J. , Gebhardt Winifred A. 
Published: April 2010

Objective. Integration of a multiple goal theory approach into the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to investigate how the perceived facilitating and conflicting relationships in multiple goal pursuit predict performance of a health‐related behaviour.Design. Prospective design with 8‐week follow‐up.Methods. At baseline, perceived intergoal facilitation and intergoal conflict were measured using personal projects analysis supplemented with standard TPB measures for physical activity (PA). Self‐reported PA was measured at follow‐up 8 weeks later. N=137 participants completed measures at both time points (55.4% response rate at follow‐up).Results. Hierarchical regression showed that perceived intergoal facilitation, but not intergoal conflict, directly predicted PA beyond intention and perceived behavioural control (PBC), accounting for more than 4% of additional variance in PA. Intergoal facilitation had an indirect effect on intention through attitude and PBC, and intention partially mediated the effect of intergoal facilitation on behaviour.Conclusion. The perceived facilitating effect of pursuing other personal goals predicts the performance of a health‐related behaviour over and above single behaviour‐focused social cognitions.
Busemann Functions and the Julia–Wolff–Carathéodory Theorem for polydiscs
Authors: Frosini Chiara 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The classical Julia–Wolff–Carathéodory Theorem is one of the main tools to study the boundary behavior of holomorphic self-maps of the unit disc of ℂ. In this paper we prove a Julia–Wolff–Carathéodory type theorem in the case of the polydisc of . The Busemann functions are used to define a class of “generalized horospheres” for the polydisc and to extend the notion of non-tangential limit. With these new tools we give a generalization of the classical Julia Lemma and of the Lindelöf Theorem, which the new Julia–Wolff–Carathéodory Theorem relies upon.
On the scalar curvature of hypersurfaces in spaces with a Killing field
Authors: Albujer Alma L. , Aledo Juan A. , Alías Luis J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We consider compact hypersurfaces in an (n + 1)-dimensional either Riemannian or Lorentzian space endowed with a conformal Killing vector field. For such hypersurfaces, we establish an integral formula which, especially in the simpler case when is a product space, allows us to derive some interesting consequences in terms of the scalar curvature of the hypersurface. For instance, when n = 2 and is either the sphere or the real projective plane , we characterize the slices of the trivial totally geodesic foliation as the only compact two-sided surfaces with constant Gaussian curvature in the Riemannian product such that its angle function does not change sign. When n ≥ 3 and is a compact Einstein Riemannian manifold with positive scalar curvature, we also characterize the slices as the only compact two-sided hypersurfaces with constant scalar curvature in the Riemannian product whose angle function does not change sign. Similar results are also established for spacelike hypersurfaces in a Lorentzian product 𝕄 × ℝ1.
Geometry of self-dual flats over a PID on a polarity
Authors: Huang Li-Ping 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Let R be any commutative principal ideal domain (PID), and let n be an integer ≥ 2. Denote by 𝕀
n − 1 the set of all (n − 1)-dimensional self-dual flats of a polarity in the projective geometry ℙ(R
2n
). The geometric character of 𝕀
n − 1 is discussed. Two self-dual flats A, B ∈ 𝕀
n − 1 are said to be adjacent if dim(A ∩ B) = n − 2. We prove that ϕ : 𝕀
n − 1 → 𝕀
n − 1 is an adjacency preserving surjection if and only if ϕ is an adjacency preserving bijection in both directions. Chow's theorem on the self-dual flats is extended as follows: If the polarity is the symplectic polarity and ϕ : 𝕀
n − 1 → 𝕀
n − 1 is an adjacency preserving surjection, then ϕ is induced by a collineation on ℙ(R
2n
).
Compositional Analysis of Microwave Chemically Treated Biomass Samples
Authors: Tenlep Lisette N. , Raynie Douglas E. , Thiex Nancy J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The compositional analysis of slurries generated from the microwave-assisted pretreatment of switchgrass, prairie cordgrass, and distillers dried grains with solubles were investigated. The biomass samples were treated under acidic, alkali or neutral conditions at 1200 W and 200°C for 10 min. The supernatants were analyzed for sugars, whereas the compositional analysis of the remaining solid fractions was performed using an integrated scheme based on the Standard Laboratory Analytical Procedures for raw biomass developed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The experimental results show that little to no arabinose was found in these treated substrates. Substrates treated under alkaline conditions resulted in the highest carbohydrate content with the lowest lignin amount, whereas acidic pretreatments with 0.5 % H2SO4 resulted in hemicellulose-free biomass. A minute amount of hemicellulose was still present in prairie cordgrass and switchgrass after treatment with 0.2 % H2SO4 and this amount increased for pretreatments with H2O and 0.3 % H2O2. Pretreatments under alkaline conditions with 1 % NaOH were the least aggressive treatments methods because they retained the most carbohydrates in the biomass pulp while having the lowest lignin amount.
Lamb Waves Technique Applied to the Characterization of Defects in Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Plates: Comparison with X-Ray and Ultrasonic C-Scan
Authors: Santos M. J. , Santos J. B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Friction stir welding presents several advantages when compared with conventional arc welding processes, mainly in the welding of aluminum alloys. However, this welding technology leads to some degradation in the mechanical properties of welds, namely defect formation, which demands suitable nondestructive testing methods. The most common defects are mainly cold laps and voids, as a result of the large plastic deformation and hardening of the material as well as its complex flow behavior. In particular, the void appearance frequency may be correlated with the weld travel speed, though other welding parameters may contribute to the phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to characterize such defects using conventional x-rays and ultrasonic C-scan, and a new method based on ultrasonic guided waves. The proposed new method presents as an attractive solution when large structures need to be inspected since propagation over long distances from a single probe position is possible with low attenuation. Additional characteristics such as straightforward inspection and testing fastness make the technique very cost effective. Test samples were fabricated using aluminum alloys of 3 mm in thickness, with different travel speeds and overlapping welds. This welding procedure gave rise to different defect sizes. Experimental results using both conventional and ultrasonic guided waves methods have confirmed the presence of the defects.
Quality Control of Turkish Calcareous Natural Stone Using the Merkont System
Authors: Sariisik Ali , Sariisik Gencay 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In this study, a new statistical derivation system named Merkont (Marble Control) was developed for the quality control of calcareous natural stone types used as industrial marble. A new classification was made via Merkont (Marble Control) system by taking into consideration the porosity values of 45 different natural stones collected from different parts of Turkey. Within the scope of this system, Analysis of Variance: Nested Sampling (Optional) method was used as the statistical system. Natural stones were classified into five different groups on the basis of porosity change. These natural stones were subjected to mineralogical-petrographical analyses for examining the relationship between this classification, porosity types, and checking the accuracy of porosity change limit values. In these analyses, porosity value of very small crystalline marbles was found to be low and the porosity value of the porous travertines was found to be significantly high. In addition, variance range and standard deviation values of each group were reflected in the quality control curve. It was concluded that as the variance range increased, in turn, the quality decreased in parallel with the increase in porosity values of the natural stones.
Genotype-by-Diet Interactions Drive Metabolic Phenotype Variation inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Reed Laura K , Williams Stephanie , Springston Mastafa , Brown Julie , Freeman Kenda , DesRoches Christie E , Sokolowski Marla B , Gibson Greg 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe rising prevalence of complex disease suggests that alterations to the human environment are increasing the proportion of individuals who exceed a threshold of liability. This might be due either to a global shift in the population mean of underlying contributing traits, or to increased variance of such underlying endophenotypes (such as body weight). To contrast these quantitative genetic mechanisms with respect to weight gain, we have quantified the effect of dietary perturbation on metabolic traits in 146 inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster and show that genotype-by-diet interactions are pervasive. For several metabolic traits, genotype-by-diet interactions account for far more variance (between 12 and 17%) than diet alone (1–2%), and in some cases have as large an effect as genetics alone (11–23%). Substantial dew point effects were also observed. Larval foraging behavior was found to be a quantitative trait exhibiting significant genetic variation for path length (P = 0.0004). Metabolic and fitness traits exhibited a complex correlation structure, and there was evidence of selection minimizing weight under laboratory conditions. In addition, a high fat diet significantly increases population variance in metabolic phenotypes, suggesting decreased robustness in the face of dietary perturbation. Changes in metabolic trait mean and variance in response to diet indicates that shifts in both population mean and variance in underlying traits could contribute to increases in complex disease.
No Change in the Incidence of Ampicillin-Resistant, Neonatal, Early-Onset Sepsis Over 18 Years
Authors: Puopolo Karen M. , Eichenwald Eric C. 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of maternal antibiotic exposure on neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) rates over an 18-year period.

METHODS:
A review was performed of infant and maternal records for all culture- proven cases of EOS in infants delivered at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston, MA) in 1990–2007.

RESULTS:
Data were analyzed from 335 EOS cases over periods that differed with respect to hospital policy for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis against group B Streptococcus (GBS): 1990–1992 (no prophylaxis); 1993–1996 (risk-based); and 1997–2007 (screening-based). The overall incidence of EOS decreased over these periods (3.70 vs 2.23 vs 1.59 cases per 1000 live births; P &lt; .0001). No change in the incidence of infection with ampicillin-resistant organisms was observed overall or among very low birth weight infants. However, an increased proportion of infections were caused by ampicillin- resistant organisms. Mothers of infants with ampicillin-resistant infections were more likely to have been treated with ampicillin (P = .0001). Overall peripartum antibiotic use increased during the study period primarily because of increased use of penicillin G and clindamycin, with no significant change in the use of ampicillin.

CONCLUSIONS:
Predominant use of penicillin G for GBS prophylaxis resulted in decreased incidence of EOS. No change in the incidence of ampicillin-resistant EOS was observed, but resistant cases were associated with peripartum ampicillin exposure. These findings suggest that obstetricians should consider preferential use of penicillin G for GBS prophylaxis.