bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of data structure and selection on estimated inbreeding depression in experimental Tribolium castaneum lines
Authors: Fikse W. F. , Groen A. F. , Berger P. J. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryInbreeding depression was estimated for four experimental Tribolium castaneum lines. Each line, containing approximately 7000 animals, was selected for 16 generations either randomly (control), on pupae weight (PWT), on family size (FST) or on an index containing both PWT and FST. The inbreeding trend was 0.9, 0.5, 0.5 and 0.4 % inbreeding per generation in PWT‐selected, FST‐selected, index‐selected, and control line, respectively. The model used to estimate the inbreeding depression included a linear regression on individual inbreeding coefficients, and random additive genetic effects. Using all the performance and pedigree data, estimated inbreeding depressions in the control line were —0.13 (SE = 0.16; #) and —8.50 (SE = 2.66; μg) per 1 % inbreeding for FST and PWT, respectively. Using only performance data of the latest generation in the control line, the estimated inbreeding depressions changed considerably: —0.17 (SE = 0.82) and —37.4 (SE= 11.9) for FST and PWT, respectively. Estimated inbreeding depression for FST in the FST‐selected line was — 0.40 (SE = 0.31). Inbreeding depression for PWT in the PWT‐selected line was 21.6 (SE = 25.8). This study indicates that estimating inbreeding depression might best be based on the performance data of animals with an equal and sufficiently‐large number of ancestral generations known.ZusammenfassungWirkung von Datenstruktur und Selektion auf geschätzte Inzuchtdepression in experimentellen Triboleum castaneum LinienJede der vier experimentellen Linien, aus je etwa 7000 Individuen, wurde durch 16 Generationen selektiert, zufällig die Kontrolle, auf Puppengewicht (PWT), Familiengröße (FST), oder auf einen beide Merkmale kombinierenden Index. Inzucntzuwächse in diesen vier Linien waren 0.4, 0.9, 0.5 und 0.5% je Generation. Das Modell zur Schätzung der Inzuchtdepression beinhaltete eine lineare Regression auf individuelle Inzuchtkoeffizienten und zufällige additive‐genetische Wirkungen. Aus allen Daten, Leistung und Pedigree, ergaben sich —0.13 (SE = 0.16; #) und — 8.5 (SE = 2.66; mg) je 1% Inzucht für FST und PWT, Daten der letzten Generation ergaben deutlich andere Werte: —0.17 (SE = 0.82) und —37.4 (SE = 11.9) für FST und PWT. Inzuchtdepressionen für FST bzw. PWT in den jeweils hierfür selektierten Linien waren —0.40 (SE = 0.31) und 21.6 (SE = 25.8). Es wird gefolgert, daß Schätzungen auf Leistungen von hinreichend großer Zahl von Vorfahrengenerationen beruhen sollten.
Linear versus nonlinear offspring‐parent regression in unselected random‐bred mice
Authors: Mbaga S. H. , Hill W. G. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryA check on the linearity of offspring‐parent regression was made using data on 6‐week body weight from unselected random bred mice. The study comprised 1099 offspring (family mean)‐parent pairs spanning 20 generations from which regression and heritability estimates were obtained based on regression on one parent, mid‐parent or simultaneously on both parents. Investigation of linear and nonlinear relationships showed that the offspring‐sire regressions were significantly, but not greatly, nonlinear, whereas the regression of offspring on dams did not depart significantly from linearity. No significant contribution from cross‐products of sire and dam coefficients was found. The data were close to normally distributed, and for this trait errors in prediction of selection response would generally be small if nonlinearity were ignored.
Efficiency of estimation of variance and covariance components from full‐sib group means for continuous or binary records
Authors: Gjøen H. M. , Simianer H. , Gjerde B. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryHigh fecundity in fish allows for testing of large full‐sib groups and testing of sub‐samples of each group for different traits in different environments, and this benefit is especially useful when traits cannot be measured on the breeding candidate itself. A MIVQUE‐method that compresses the information in such data, by estimating variance components based on full‐sib mean data, is presented for a two‐trait model. The efficiency of this method is compared in a simulation study with a model using an individual observation vector when estimating additive genetic and residual (co)variances. The effect on efficiency of continuous versus binary traits, of varied average number of full‐sibs, of varied frequencies in the binary traits, of different combinations of frequencies in the two binary traits, of different heritabilities, of different genetic correlations, and of two different design sizes were studied. Generally, all parameters influenced the efficiency, and this influence was larger on the residual, than on the additive genetic variance component. The proposed methodology will be especially well‐suited for analysing binary traits because the residual variance component can be calculated via the phenotypic variance, which can be estimated on basis of the frequency of the trait.ZusammenfassungEffizienz der Schaetzung von Varianz‐ und Kovarianzkomponenten aus Vollgeschwistergruppen‐Mitelwerten bei kontinuierlichen und dichotomen MerkmalenDie hohe Vermehrungsrate von Fischen erlaubt es, große Vollgeschwistergruppen zu pruefen und auch Stichproben aus diesen für verschiedene Merkmale in verschiedenen Umwelten zu testen. Dies ist besonders hilfreich, wenn die interessierenden Merkmale nicht an den zu selektierenden Individuen erhoben werden können. Es wird ein MIVQUE‐Ansatz zur Varianz‐ und Kovarianzkomponentenschätzung fuer ein Zwei‐Merkmalsmodell vorgestellt, der auf der Beruecksichtigung von Vollgeschwistergruppen‐Mittelwerten beruht. Die Effizienz dieses Ansatzes wird in einer Simulationsstudie untersucht, indem dieser mit einem auf individuellen Leistungen basierenden Ansatz verglichen wird. Dabei wird untersucht, welche Unterschiede sich bei kontinuierlichen und dichotomen Variablen ergeben sowie der Einfluß verschiedener Gruppengroessen, verschiedener Frequenzen der dichotomen Variablen, unterschiedlicher Heritabilitaeten und genetischer Korrelationen sowie zweier unterschiedlicher Designs. Im Allgemeinen waren die Einfluesse auf die geschaetzte Restvarianz immer groesser als die auf die genetischen Varianzkomponenten. Die vorgeschlagene Methode erwies sich als besonders geeignet fuer die Auswertung dichotomer Merkmale, weil dort die Groesse der Restvarianz sehr einfach aus der phaenotypischen Varianz approximiert werden kann, welche wiederum aus der beobachteten Frequenz des Merkmals gut zu schaetzen ist.
ZOO–FISH analysis with 7 human chromosome specific libraries detects conserved regions between human and camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Abdo G. , Rettenberger G. , Stranzinger G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractChromosomal homologies between individual human chromosomes and the camel karyotype have been established by using heterologous chromosome painting experiments called ZOO–FISH. Biotin‐labelled DNA libraries from seven flow‐sorted human chromosomes were used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on camel chromosomes. Human DNA libraries 3, 4, 13, 14, 15, 19 and 21 hybridized to camel chromosomes 2, 6, 7, 21, 25, 32 and 33, were used in identifying and delineating 10 segments of homology. Comparison of ZOO–FISH results with several species within the artiodactyls allowed the study of karyotype rearrangements and the transfer results from the human genome project and the animal gene maps.ZusammenfassungHomologe Chromosomenregionen zwischen einzelnen Humanchromosomen und dem Kamelkaryotyp wurden mittels Verwendung der heterologen Chromosomenhybridisierung, genannt ZOO–FISH, dargestellt. Biotin‐markierte DNS‐Bibliotheken von sieben durchflusszytometrisch sortierten Humanchromosomen wurden als Proben für die Fluoreszenz In Situ Hybridisierung (FISH) auf Kamelchromosomen verwendet. Human DNS‐Bibliotheken der Chromosomen 3, 4, 13, 14, 15, 19 und 21 hybridisierten auf die Kamelchromosomen 2, 6, 7, 21, 25, 32 und 33, und identifizierten 10 homologe Segmente zwischen Mensch und Kamel. Vergleichende Ergebnisse aus ZOO–FISH Daten unterschiedlicher Spezies innerhalb der Artiodaktilen erlauben das Studium der Karyotypenbildung und die Uebertragung von Daten aus dem Human Genom Projekt und den Genkarten der Tiere.
Effects of selection on food intake in the adult mouse
Authors: Hastings I. M. , Moruppa S. M. , Bünger L. , Hill W. G. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryReplicated lines of mice were selected High and Low for adjusted food intake and contemporaneous control lines were maintained. The selection criterion was food intake between 8 and 10 weeks, adjusted by phenotypic regression on mean body weight at 8 and 10 weeks of age to reduce correlated changes in body weight. Responses are given for the first 23 generations of selection, after which adjusted food intake had diverged by a factor of 1.7–1.95. A small correlated response in body weight occurred and mice from the High line were slightly heavier: at 10 weeks of age body weight had diverged by a factor of 1.09–1.11.The realized within‐family heritability varied between the replicates from 0.16–0.27 from which a mean estimated mass selection heritability (h2 = 0.35±0.05) was derived. Mice from the Low line were fatter, however not significantly, because of a High between replicate variance (p > 0.05). Differences in growth over the selection period may account for around 5% of the divergence and increased maintenance costs associated with the larger lean mass of the high lines may explain a further 5%. Mice from the High lines spilled significantly (p < 0.05) more food which accounted for 23% of the divergence in apparent food intake. The heat increment of feeding, brown adipose tissue activity and locomotor activity all appear to be unchanged.ZusammenfassungAuswirkungen der Selektion auf Futteraufnahme in der adulten MausIn einem Experiment mit Wiederholungen wurden Mäuselinien auf hohe und niedrige korrigierte Futteraufnahme selektiert und korrespondierende Konttrollen gehalten. Das Selektionskriterium war die Futteraufnahme im Alter von 8 bis 10 Wochen, die mittels phänotypischer Regression korrigiert wurde, um die Körpermasse möglichst konstant zu halten. Der direkte Selektionserfolg über die ersten 23 Generationen ist beschrieben. Die Linien divergierten zu diesem Zeitpunkt bezüglich des Selektionsmerkmals um 70 bis 95%. In der Körpermasse trat ein geringfügiger korrelierter Selektionserfolg auf. Die Tiere der ‘high’‐Linie waren im Alter von 8 bis Wochen ca. um 6 bis 11% schwerer. Die realisierte Intra‐Familien‐Heritabilität variierte zwischen den Wiederholungen zwischen 0.16 und 0.27, woraus sich eine mittlerer Heritabilitätskoeffizient von h2 = 0.35±0.05 für die Massenselektion ergab. Mäuse der ‘low’‐Linie hatten mit 10 Wochen 2.4% (P > 0.05) und mit 17 Wochen ca. 7% (P < 0.05%) mehr Fett. Mit Unterschieden im Wachstum lassen sich weniger als 5% der Linienunterschiede in der Futteraufnahme erklären. Der höhere Erhaltungsbedarf, der aus einer höheren fett‐freien Körpermasse in der ‘high’‐Linie resultiert, könnte weitere 5% erklären. Tiere der ‘high’‐Linie verstreuten deutlich (P < 0.05) mehr Futter, worauf sich 23% der Divergenz in der scheinbaren Futteraufnahme zurückführen ließen. Die Aktivät des braunen Fettgewebes, die lokomotorische Aktivität und die fütterungsbedingte Wàrmeproduktion sind scheinbar unverändert.
Prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis by epinephrine sprayed on the papilla
Authors: Xu Li Hua , Qian Jun Bo , Gu Liu Gen , Qiu Jian Wei , Ge Zhen Ming , Lu Fei , Wang Ya Min , Li Yu Ming , Lu Hua Sheng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Epinephrine sprayed on the papilla may reduce papillary edema and prevent acute pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of localized irrigation with epinephrine saline for prevention of post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP).Methods:  A total of 941 patients who were scheduled for ERCP were recruited into this study. We randomized the patients to have 20 mL of either 0.02% epinephrine or saline sprayed on the papilla after diagnostic ERCP to prevent post‐ERCP pancreatitis. We recorded duct visualization, presence of pancreatic acinarization, number of injections into the pancreatic duct, total volume of contrast used, and procedure duration. The serum amylase levels were measured at 6, 24 and 48 h after ERCP. We counted the patients of PEPs and compared whether there was significant difference between the pancreatitis group and the no pancreatitis group.Results:  A univariate analysis of the explanatory variables between the epinephrine and control groups, the pancreatitis and no pancreatitis groups revealed the treatment to be effective, but most of the groups were not statistically significant. PEPs occurred in 40 of the 941 patients (4.25%), the incidence of pancreatitis tended to be higher in the control group (31/480, 6.45%) than in the epinephrine group (9/461, 1.95%) (P = 0.0086).Conclusions:  Epinephrine sprayed on the papilla may be effective to prevent PEP. Female patients (aged ≥ 18 years and < 35 years) (7/40, 17.5%), common bile duct diameter < 10 mm (27/40, 67.5%), previous cholangitis (3/40, 7.5%), body mass index ≥ 24 (22/40, 55%), and/or serum triglycerides ≥ 5.65 mmol/L (6/40, 15%), might be risk factors for post‐ERCP pancreatitis, but are not statistically significant in the study.
Towards a molecular phylogeny of the fungus gnat genus Boletina (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)
Authors: Martinsson Svante , Kjærandsen Jostein , Sundberg Per 
Published: March 2011

Martinsson, S., Kjærandsen, J. & Sundberg, P. (2011). Towards a molecular phylogeny of the fungus gnat genus Boletina (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 272–281. Boletina is a species rich genus of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) with a mainly Holarctic distribution. The systematics within the genus has gained little attention and this is a first attempt to shed some light over the systematics of Boletina and to test the segregation of the genera Saigusaia and Aglaomyia from Boletina. The nuclear marker 28S and mitochondrial 16S, COI and CytB were amplified and sequenced for 23 taxa that were analysed separately and together with a broad sample of outgroup taxa obtained from GenBank, where also 18S sequences were added. Phylogenies were estimated using maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and parsimony. We strengthen the hypothesized sister‐group relationship between Docosia and Boletina, but the genus Boletina as currently delimited appears to be paraphyletic and nested in a clade together with Aglaomyia, Coelosia and Gnoriste. The genus Saigusaia, on the other hand, seems to be well separated from Boletina. The Boletina erythropyga species group is consistently found as a distinct basal clade within Boletina s.l. The results obtained are otherwise ambiguous both for the taxa in focus and in some analyses globally with a statistically supported total breakdown of the traditional higher classification into tribes, subfamilies and even families. Interestingly, this breakdown almost disappeared when additional 18S sequences were added.
Nordic Employment Policies – Change and Continuity Before and During the Financial Crisis
Authors: Jochem Sven 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Nordic countries serve as models for successful employment and labour market policies. In this article, Nordic employment and labour market policies are analyzed from a comparative point of view. It is argued that Nordic employment and labour market policies have lost some of their distinctive features. Active labour market policies, for example, are now at the centre of policy priorities in many countries of the EU. And in some other respects, the Nordic countries have converged towards political patterns characteristic for states in central Europe, for example, de‐centralized patterns of wage bargaining and the partial lack of corporatist concertation. During the current financial crisis, specific patterns of crisis management can be observed in Scandinavia that make these countries distinct from many other countries in Europe.
Has the Nordic Welfare Model Been Transformed?
Authors: Kvist Jon , Greve Bent 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Nordic welfare model is undergoing a fundamental transformation. Using Denmark we show how a universal welfare state model is gradually being transformed into an emergent multi‐tiered welfare state. Whereas the Danish pension system's having become multi‐tiered in the 1990s, with private schemes – collective and individual – supplementing public schemes is well documented, scant attention has focused on more recent developments in other areas of the welfare state. This article shows how the multi‐tiered welfare state spread in the 2000s to policies for families, the unemployed and the sick. Although Denmark still offers universal coverage in core welfare state areas, the increased use of occupational and fiscal welfare as well as changes in public schemes has gradually transformed the nation into a multi‐tiered welfare state that is more dualistic and individualistic, with participation in the labour market becoming still more important for entitlement to benefits. These profound changes have taken place in such a way that although core characteristics are still in place, new structures and understandings of the welfare state are also developing. Thus classical typologies need revision, so that they include more focus on this combination of universality and institutional attachment to the labour market. Moreover, measures of what welfare comprises should include not only public but also private elements.
Leaving the Nordic Path? The Changing Role of Danish Trade Unions in the Welfare Reform Process
Authors: Jørgensen Henning , Schulze Michaela 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFor a long period, Denmark has been labeled a ‘model country’ with a comprehensive welfare state and a successful model of corporatist policy‐making. Danish unions are considered amongst the strongest in the world, and they have for a long time been a distinct part of the political system, and as social partners, they were strongly integrated into decision‐making processes. The analysis of the Danish welfare and labour market policy during the last two decades documents a profound change in the arrangement and in the status of the social partners (especially unions) in the Danish political system. The results show that two important pillars of the Danish model – the social partner basis and the collective trust in partnership – are eroding. Unions are no longer part of the law‐making process and, since 2007, they are formally excluded from the organization of the decision‐making process. Recent developments point at weaker unions that operate more as lobbyists instead of being strong corporatist institutions or part of the decision‐making process. The results of the study are thought‐provoking and the basis for a revised thinking of the Danish and the Nordic model.
Eternal Life in Schleiermacher's The Christian Faith
Authors: PEDERSEN DANIEL 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article advocates that some form of personal immortality is not only taught in F.D.E. Schleiermacher's Glaubenslehre but is also necessary for the coherence of the same work. The combination of a naturalized account of redemption, a commitment to universal salvation and the realist observation that some never know Christ in this life causes Schleiermacher to posit a certain but content‐free afterlife to account for the discrepancy.
The effect of ezetimibe and simvastatin on hemostasis in patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Zmuda Witold , Okopień Bogusław 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the strength of hemostatic effects of ezetimibe, administered alone or in combination with simvastatin, in patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia. One hundred and four patients with isolated primary hypercholesterolemia were randomized to one of four treatment groups, simultaneously treated for 90 days with ezetimibe (10 mg daily), simvastatin (40 mg daily), ezetimibe (10 mg daily) plus simvastatin (40 mg daily), or placebo. Plasma lipids/lipoproteins and hemostatic cardiovascular risk factors were assessed on the day of randomization and after 30 and 90 days of therapy. Despite improving lipid/lipoprotein profile by both simvastatin and ezetimibe, only simvastatin reduced plasma levels/activity of fibrinogen, factor VII, factor X, von Willebrand factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1. The strongest effects on plasma lipids/lipoproteins and the assessed hemostatic variables were observed when patients were treated with both simvastatin and ezetimibe. With the exception of oxidized low‐density lipoproteins, the hemostatic effects of simvastatin or simvastatin plus ezetimibe did not correlate with the changes in plasma lipids/lipoproteins. Our study shows that simvastatin is a more effective agent than ezetimibe in affecting coagulation and fibrinolysis in individuals with isolated hypercholesterolemia. It also suggests that the combined administration of simvastatin and ezetimibe may bring more benefits to patients than monotherapy with only one of these agents.
Calcitonin ameliorates enhanced arterial contractility after chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rats
Authors: Yoshimura Takeshi , Ito Akitoshi , Saito Shin‐ya , Takeda Mineko , Kuriyama Hiroshi , Ishikawa Tomohisa 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn addition to its regulatory effect on bone mass, calcitonin has been shown to relieve pain and alleviate peripheral circulatory disturbance in patients with Raynaud’s syndrome and complex regional pain syndrome. In the present study, we investigated whether calcitonin ameliorates diminished blood flow and enhanced arterial contraction in response to noradrenaline in chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. Following surgically induced CCI, laser Doppler flowmetry studies showed a significant decrease in plantar skin blood flow of the ipsilateral hind paw compared to the contralateral side. A subcutaneous bolus injection of elcatonin (20 U/kg), a synthetic derivative of eel calcitonin, significantly improved decreased skin blood flow in the ipsilateral side. In vitro analysis of plantar arteries isolated from the ipsilateral hind paw 7–13 days after the CCI procedure showed higher sensitivity to noradrenaline than the plantar arteries from the contralateral side. Elcatonin (0.1–10 nm) significantly reduced noradrenaline‐induced contraction in the arteries of the ipsilateral side, whereas it had little effect on those of the contralateral side. These results suggest that calcitonin selectively ameliorates enhanced arterial contractility in CCI neuropathic rats, thus leading to its alleviating effect on peripheral circulatory disturbance.