bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of water consumption volume and water efficiency in irrigated and rainfed agriculture based on the WaPOR database in Iran
Authors: Fakhar Mohadeseh Sadat , Kaviani Abbas 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the WaPOR model across the entire country of Iran, initially, 16 provinces located in four different climatic regions were selected for calculating and comparing the evapotranspiration using both the FAO-56 method and the WaPOR approach. The comparison of 10-day evapotranspiration values obtained from the FAO56 method and WaPOR demonstrates that the WaPOR model exhibits the highest correlation with FAO-56 values in semi-arid regions, with an R2 = 0.95 and an RMSE = 0.43. The analysis of evapotranspiration variations indicates that the evapotranspiration in the Caspian Sea and Zagros foothill regions has experienced more significant changes from 2015 to 2022. The annual analysis of net blue water productivity demonstrates that the net productivity in rainfed lands strongly depends on the precipitation received. Also, considering the importance of investigating the accuracy of biomass estimation, the correlation between the accuracy of biomass estimation and actual evapotranspiration was examined in four Iran climatic regions. Using the WaPOR model provides acceptable results for water consumption management and assessment in different regions and climates of Iran, particularly in agricultural lands. The WaPOR model can serve as a guide for determining reliable values of evapotranspiration and planning related to water resources in the agricultural sector in Iran.
Electrochemically produced nano-TiO2-coated SiC membranes for photocatalytic water treatment: Preparation, characterization, and hydroxyl radical formation
Authors: Trepte Sarah , Kutzer-Schulze Claudia , Langklotz Ulrike , Krug Mario 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Photocatalytically active ceramic flat sheet membranes based on a nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) coating were produced for photocatalytic water treatment. The nano-TiO2 layer was produced by a novel combination of magnetron sputtering of a thin titanium layer on silicon carbide (SiC) membranes, followed by electrochemical oxidation (anodization) and subsequent heat treatment (HT). Characterization by Raman spectra and field emission scanning electron microscopy proved the presence of a nanostructured anatase layer on the membranes. The influence of the titanium layer thickness on the TiO2 formation process and the photocatalytic properties were investigated using anodization curves, by using cyclovoltammetry measurements, and by quantifying the generated hydroxyl radicals (OH•) under UV-A irradiation in water. Promising photocatalytic activity and permeability of the nano-TiO2-coated membranes could be demonstrated. A titanium layer of at least 2 μm was necessary for significant photocatalytic effects. The membrane sample with a 10 μm Ti/TiO2 layer had the highest photocatalytic activity showing a formation rate of 1.26 × 10−6 mmol OH• s−1. Furthermore, the membranes were tested several times, and a decrease in radical formation was observed. Assuming that these can be attributed to adsorption processes of the reactants, initial experiments were carried out to reactivate the photocatalyzer.
Primary Pulmonary Choriocarcinoma and Caesarean Section Ectopic
Pregnancy: A Case Report with an Emergency Department Diagnostic Pathway
Authors: Eid Mustafa Mahmood , Sudha Resshme Kannan , Al Ghafly Salma 
Published: May 2024

Background::
Although most cases of choriocarcinoma are of gestational origin, rare cases of extrauterine origin (such as pulmonary) have been reported, which
have a poor prognosis

Case Presentation::
We present one such rare case involving a 35-year-old female patient who initially presented to the emergency department with hemothorax and
was found to have primary lung choriocarcinoma after multiple biopsies. The patient was properly managed and discharged in a healthy condition.
However, she subsequently returned to the hospital with an intracranial haemorrhage and, unfortunately, passed away despite all efforts.

Conclusion::
Due to the life-threatening initial presentations of primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma, it is essential to conduct an intensive work-up and maintain
close observation when a patient initially presents with such symptoms. Early diagnosis is crucial to initiate appropriate treatment and prevent
further complications. Therefore, we aimed to discuss and establish an emergency medicine department-based diagnostic pathway to contribute to
the early diagnosis of this deadly malignancy
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Potential Applications in Mitigating Cancer
Authors: Mir Reyaz Hassan , Maqbool Mudasir , Mir Prince Ahad , Hussain Md. Sadique , din Wani Shahid ud , Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Mohi-ud-din Roohi 
Published: May 2024

:
In recent years, the field of nanotechnology has brought about significant advancements that have
transformed the landscape of disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, particularly in the realm of medical
science. Among the various approaches to nanoparticle synthesis, the green synthesis method has garnered increasing
attention. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as particularly noteworthy nanomaterials
within the spectrum of metallic nanoparticles employed for biomedical applications. AgNPs possess several
key attributes that make them highly valuable in the biomedical field. They are biocompatible, cost-effective,
and environmentally friendly, rendering them suitable for various bioengineering and biomedical applications.
Notably, AgNPs have found a prominent role in the domain of cancer diagnosis. Research investigations have
provided evidence of AgNPs' anticancer activity, which involves mechanisms such as DNA damage, cell cycle
arrest, induction of apoptosis, and the regulation of specific cytokine genes. The synthesis of AgNPs primarily
involves the reduction of silver ions by reducing agents. Interestingly, natural products and living organisms
have proven to be effective sources for the generation of precursor materials used in AgNP synthesis. This
comprehensive review aims to summarize the key aspects of AgNPs, including their characterization, properties,
and recent advancements in the field of biogenic AgNP synthesis. Furthermore, the review highlights the
potential applications of these nanoparticles in combating cancer.
HPV16 Genomes: In Silico Analysis of E6 and E7 Oncoproteins in 20
South American Variants
Authors: de Paula Filho Márcio Fabrício Falcão , Lopes Chrisóstomo Lara Luisa , Farias Cansanção Isaac 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main risk factor for the development
of squamous cell cervical cancer, and E6 oncoprotein and E7 oncoprotein are important components
of the viral genome and its oncogenic potential. It is known that different viral variants of
HPV16 have different pathology and impact on the development of neoplasia, although few
studies have been performed on South American variants.

Objective:
Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze in silico the genomic diversity of HPV16
in 20 complete genome variants of South America in the National Center for Biotechnology Information
(NCBI) database.

Methods:
We performed a descriptive study to characterize the polymorphic regions of the E6 and
E7 genes in HPV16 variants, using software for genomic data and single nucleotide polymorphism
(SNP) analysis and others for phylogenetic analysis.

Results:
The variants analyzed included six SNPs linked to cancer (A131G, G145T, C335T,
T350G, C712A, and T732C) and significant variation (798 nucleotide substitutions). Despite this,
the variants showed low genetic diversity. Eighteen variants of unclear significance (VUS) were
identified, 10 of which were in the coding E6 regions and 8 in the coding E7 regions. The prevalence
of lineage D variants is of concern due to their pathology in cervical cancer and requires
more research and epidemiological vigilance regarding their prevalence in the population.

Conclusion:
The data obtained in this study may contribute to future research on South American
variants of HPV16, their pathogenicity, and the development of treatments.
Establishment and Validation of Lactate Metabolism-Related Genes
as a Prognostic Model for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Hu Jinyu , Xu Qinxuan , Fei Yuchang , Tan Zhengwei , Pan Lei 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Gastric Cancer (GC) has become one of the most important
causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide due to its intractability. Studying the
mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis, recurrence, and metastasis, and searching for
new therapeutic targets have become the main directions of today's gastric cancer
research. Lactate is considered a metabolic by-product of tumor aerobic glycolysis,
which can regulate tumor development through various mechanisms, including cell
cycle regulation, immunosuppression, and energy metabolism. However, the effects of
genes related to lactate metabolism on the prognosis and tumor microenvironmental
characteristics of GC patients are unknown.

Method:
In this study, we have collected gene expression data of gastric cancer from
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and identified differentially expressed genes in
gastric cancer using the "Limma" software package.

Result:
76 differentially expressed lactate metabolism-related genes were screened,
and then the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Cox
regression analysis were employed that identified 8 genes, constructed Lactate
Metabolism-related gene signals (LMRs), and verified the reliability of the prognostic
risk mapping by using TCGA training set and TCGA internal test set. Finally, the
functional enrichment analysis was employed to identify the molecular mechanism

Conclusion:
Eight lactate metabolism-related genes were constructed into a new
predictive signal that better predicted the overall survival of gastric cancer patients and
can guide clinical decisions for more precise and personalized treatment.
An Overview of Pathological Pathway of Asthma and Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Asthmatic Phytoconstituents
Authors: Javed Aysha , Srivastava Sristi , Khan Anas , . Badruddeen , Akhtar Juber , Khan Mohammad Irfan , Ahmad Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

:
Asthma presents with chronic inflammation and airway constriction triggered by allergens
or pollution. Inflammatory mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes, released in response
to inflammation, prompt bronchoconstriction, contracting the smooth muscles around the
airways. This constriction obstructs airflow and worsens symptoms such as coughing, wheezing,
and breathlessness. Additionally, airways become hyperresponsive, reacting excessively even to
harmless stimuli. Persistent inflammation leads to the production of thick mucus, further blocking
airflow and worsening symptoms. Mast cell-released histamine triggers bronchoconstriction,
leukotrienes, and prostaglandins (eg, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-13) and promotes airway inflammation
while cytokines drive Th2-mediated immune responses. Current therapies in asthma include
long-acting beta agonists, leukotriene modifiers, inhaled corticosteroids, and immunomodulators.
Natural products, due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties,
have emerged as promising anti-asthmatic candidates. Polyphenols (quercetin, resveratrol,
curcumin, etc.) and Omega-3 fatty acids offer anti-inflammatory benefits by suppressing cytokines
and oxidative stress. Natural products intervene at various levels of these pathways.
Quercetin inhibits the release of mast cell histamines, alleviating bronchoconstriction. Curcumin
suppresses Th2 cytokines, mitigating the allergic response. Omega-3 fatty acids modulate
leukotriene and prostaglandin production, reducing airway inflammation. This review concludes
that natural phytobioactives have potential in asthma management due to their complex mechanisms
that target various immuno-inflammatory mediators.
Intracardiac and Pericardial Hydatid Cyst Concurrent with Multi-Organ
Involvement: A Case Report
Authors: Ameri Mobina , Aleebrahim-Dehkordi Elahe , Soveyzi Faezeh , Mahdavi Rashed Masoud 
Published: May 2024

Introduction::
Hydatidosis, a distinctive parasitic ailment, exhibits a broad range of imaging characteristics influenced by the growth stage, resultant
complications, and tissue involvement. Its occurrence throughout the human anatomy underscores its ubiquitous propensity. Despite its relatively
infrequent manifestation as diffuse hydatosis, the disease assumes particular significance in rural regions. Given its detrimental complications and
resemblance to other cystic conditions, vigilance towards the potential presence of this ailment becomes imperative.

Case Presentation::
In 2022, a 12-year-old female patient residing in a village sought medical assistance for left flank pain. During the evaluation, an incidental
discovery of a pancreatic cyst through sonography prompted further investigation. Subsequent abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans
identified multiple lesions consistent with hydatid cysts in various anatomical locations, including the pancreas, right atrium, ventricle of the heart,
pericardium, and lung. Confirmation of the hydatid cysts was obtained through pathology examination and consideration of the patient's medical
history, which included a previously diagnosed brain hydatid cyst. Treatment with albendazole was initiated, and the patient underwent cardiac
surgical intervention. Unfortunately, the condition of the patient deteriorated, leading to septic shock and subsequent mortality.

Conclusion::
In areas with a high prevalence of hydatid cysts, the presence of diverse lesions on radiologic assessments, despite negative serologic tests, should
raise suspicion for this condition. Furthermore, understanding the importance of timely detection and intervention is crucial, as it greatly impacts
patient prognosis,. In the advanced stages of the disease, particularly when cardiac involvement occurs, surgical excision of the cysts remains the
sole therapeutic approach, albeit accompanied by certain complications. Through the utilization of various imaging modalities and early
recognition and treatment, the need for more complex interventions can be minimized.
مدى مساهمة التسويق الأخضر في تحقيق ريادة الأعمال
Authors: Amin Yousif obed , Moheden Nishteman Othman , Rasul Hoshmand Muhammad 
Published: May 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على طبيعة العلاقة والأثر للتسويق الأخضر وأبعاده في تعزيز ريادة الأعمال للشركات قيد البحث من خلال اختبار الفرضيات، أعتمد الباحثون على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في اختبار فرضيات البحث باعتماد تقانات هذا المنهج في تحليل البيانات اللازمة وتحديداً الاستبانة التي أعدها الباحثون في ضوء السياقات العلمية المعتمدة بهدف توضيح فقرات الاستبانة لضمان الإجابة الصحيحة. تمثل مجتمع البحث في شركتي السليمانية و جام لانتاج المياه المعدنية
في محافظة السليمانية في اقليم كوردستان - العراق اما عينة البحث فقد تمثلت في موظفي شركتي السليمانية وجام لانتاج المياه المعدنية .
تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام برنامج التحليل الإحصائي SPSSوتم التوصل الى عدد من الاستنتاجات اهمها: وجود علاقة ارتباط وتأثير ذات دلالة إحصائية بين التسويق الأخضر بمزيجه التسويقي (المنتج الأخضر، التسعير الأخضر، التوزيع الأخضر، والترويج الأخضر) وريادة الأعمال بأبعادها (تحمل المخاطر و الابداع) من وجهة نظر الرؤساء والمرؤوسين في الشركات المبحوثة وهذا يدل على انه كلما استخدمت الشركة مفهوم التسويق الأخضر كبعد استراتيجي في عملياتها الانتاجية والتسويقية كلما استطاعت ان تحقق ريادة الأعمال.وتم تقديم عدد من التوصيات في ضوء الاستنتاجات اهمها: زيادة الاهتمام باستراتيجية التسويق الأخضر بطريقة تجعل الشركتين المبحوثتين قريبة جداً من الزبائن، وذلك عن طريق إنتاج وتسويق المنتجات الصديقة للبيئة.
Development and External Validation of a Multidimensional Deep Learning Model to Dynamically Predict Kidney Outcomes in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Chen Tingyu , Chen Tiange , Xu Wenjie , Liang Shaoshan , Xu Feng , Liang Dandan , Li Xiang , Zeng Caihong , Xie Guotong , Liu Zhihong 
Published: May 2024

Key Points

A dynamic model predicts IgA nephropathy prognosis based on deep learning.Longitudinal clinical data and deep learning improve predictive accuracy and interpretability in GN.

Background
Accurately predicting kidney outcomes in IgA nephropathy is crucial for clinical decision making. Insufficient use of longitudinal data in previous studies has limited the accuracy and interpretability of prediction models for failing to reflect the chronic nature of IgA nephropathy. The aim of this study was to establish a multivariable dynamic deep learning model using comprehensive longitudinal data for the prediction of kidney outcomes in IgA nephropathy.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study of 2056 patients with IgA nephropathy from 18 kidney centers, a total of 28,317 data points were collected by the sliding window method. Among them, 15,462 windows in a single center were randomly assigned to training (80%) and validation (20%) sets and 8797 windows in 18 kidney centers were assigned to an independent test set. Interpretable multivariable long short-term memory, a deep learning model, was implemented to predict kidney outcomes (kidney failure or 50% decline in kidney function) based on time-invariant variables measured at biopsy and time-variant variables measured during follow-up. Risk performance was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier analysis and C-statistic. Trajectory analysis was performed to assess the various trends of clinical variables during follow-up.

Results
The model achieved a higher C-statistic (0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 0.95) on the test set than the machine learning prediction model that we developed in a previous study using only baseline information (C-statistic, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.80 to 0.88). The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that groups with lower predicted risks from the full model survived longer than groups with higher risks. Time-variant variables demonstrated higher importance scores than time-invariant variables. Within time-variant variables, more recent measurements showed higher importance scores. Further interpretation showed that certain trajectory groups of time-variant variables such as serum creatinine and urine protein were associated with elevated risks of adverse outcomes.

Conclusions
In IgA nephropathy, a deep learning model can be used to accurately and dynamically predict kidney prognosis based on longitudinal data, and time-variant variables show strong ability to predict kidney outcomes.
Association of Preterm Birth with Adverse Glomerular Disease Outcomes in Children and Adults
Authors: Isaac Jaya S. , Troost Jonathan P. , Wang Yujie , Garrity Kelly , Kaskel Frederick , Gbadegesin Rasheed , Reidy Kimberly J. 
Published: May 2024

Key Points

Preterm birth was a risk factor for adverse outcomes in this heterogeneous cohort of children and adults with glomerular disease.In analyses adjusted for diagnosis and apolipoprotein L1 risk status, there was less remission and faster progression of kidney disease in those born preterm.A novel finding from this study is that adults born preterm were more likely to have an apolipoprotein L1 high-risk genotype.

Background
While some studies of children with nephrotic syndrome have demonstrated worse outcomes in those born preterm compared with term, little data exist on associations of preterm birth with outcomes in adult-onset glomerular disease. Cardiovascular outcomes in those born preterm with glomerular disease are unknown.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of participants in the Cure Glomerulonephropathy cohort. Preterm (<37 weeks' gestation) was compared with term (≥37 weeks' gestation). A survival analysis and adjusted Cox proportional hazards model were used to examine a composite outcome of 40% decline in eGFR or progression to kidney failure. An adjusted logistic regression model was used to examine remission of proteinuria.

Results
There were 2205 term and 235 preterm participants. Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) risk alleles were more common in those born preterm. More pediatric than adult participants in Cure Glomerulonephropathy were born preterm: 12.8% versus 7.69% (P < 0.001). Adults born preterm compared with term had a higher prevalence of FSGS (35% versus 25%, P = 0.01) and APOL1 high-risk genotype (9.4% versus 4.2%, P = 0.01). Participants born preterm had a shorter time interval to a 40% eGFR decline/kidney failure after biopsy (P = 0.001). In adjusted analysis, preterm participants were 28% more likely to develop 40% eGFR decline/kidney failure (hazard ratio: 1.28 [1.07 to 1.54], P = 0.008) and 38% less likely to attain complete remission of proteinuria (odds ratio: 0.62 [0.45 to 0.87], P = 0.006). There was no significant difference in cardiovascular events.

Conclusions
Preterm birth was a risk factor for adverse outcomes in this heterogeneous cohort of children and adults with glomerular disease. Adults born preterm were more likely to have an APOL1 high-risk genotype and FSGS. In analyses adjusted for FSGS and APOL1 risk status, there was less remission and faster progression of kidney disease in those born preterm.
A National Survey of Pregnancy and Parenthood among Nephrology Trainees
Authors: Dixon Angelina , Bansal Nisha , Nicholas Susanne B. , Ostrow Anna , Kendrick Jessica 
Published: May 2024

Key Points

Parental leave policies for physician trainees are inconsistent.Nephrology fellows are largely unaware of parental leave policies and pregnancy accommodations in their programs.Individual nephrology programs should improve awareness about national and local program policies among trainees.

Background
National and international policies on parental leave for physician trainees are inconsistent. Physician trainees, including nephrology fellows, may be at higher risk of pregnancy complications. Physician trainees face barriers in meeting their breastfeeding goals and in finding childcare because of nontraditional work hours with extended or unpredictable shifts. We examine awareness of current policies in US nephrology fellowship programs regarding parental leave, pregnancy/breastfeeding accommodations, and fellows' perspectives on family planning.

Methods
An anonymous, online survey of US nephrology fellows was undertaken from June 9 to August 24, 2023.

Results
One hundred twenty nephrology fellows submitted the survey. Most of the fellow respondents were unaware of parental leave policies of their training programs (63%), the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (75%), and/or the American Board of Medical Specialties (75%). Forty-two percent were unaware of the duration of parental leave at their program. Nearly 45% of all respondents were unsure if their program limited night shifts or shifts >24 hours for pregnant trainees. Forty-three percent reported they were unsure of lactation accommodations, and 40% were unsure of access to subsidized childcare. When fellows received work accommodations for pregnancy or parenthood, their work obligations were largely covered by co-fellows (60%) or attendings (38%). Over 60% of fellows agreed or strongly agreed that they would avoid a pregnancy in fellowship because of concern that they would have to extend their training. Of the 40 fellows who chose to pursue pregnancy or parenthood during medical training, 75% did not change their career plans as a result.

Conclusions
Most nephrology fellows were unaware of parental leave policies and pregnancy/lactation accommodations. While the topic itself has a broad effect to all physician trainees, there is a need for improved awareness about national and local program policies among trainees across individual nephrology programs.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2024_08_16_CJASNAugust00000000.mp3