bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature Relationships of Peanut Leaf Canopy, Stem, and Fruit in Soil of Varying Temperature and Moisture
Authors: Sanders Timothy H. , Blankenship Paul D. , Cole Richard J. , Hill Robert A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Physiological processes of plants are affected by temperature and temperature variation of individual plant parts has been demonstrated to affect such physiological interactions as source-sink relationships. Determination of plant part temperatures in relation to the surrounding environment, especially during stress, may provide significant information relative to how plants respond to various stress environments. To determine peanut plant part temperatures in various environments, rainfall control research plots equipped either with heating cables or cooling coils were utilized to grow Florunner peanuts and implement treatments of various soil temperatures under water stress and irrigated conditions. Peanut stem and pod temperatures were monitored automatically at 2-hr intervals with attached and implanted thermocouples. Canopy temperatures, determined by infrared thermometry, were related to water stress but were apparently unrelated to varying soil tempertures. Late-season, afternoon (1:00 p.m.) canopy temperature in the irrigated treatment averaged 28.5 C and mean canopy temperatures in all water stressed treatments were 35±1 C. Late-season plant stem temperature/soil temperature means in irrigated, water stressed-heated soil, water stressed, and water stressed-cooled soil treaments were 21.6 C/21.6 C, 25.2 C/30.2 C, 25.0 C/ 25.C, and 23.3 C/ 20.6 C, respectively. Peanut pod temperatures ranged higher and lower than soil temperature in each plot and maximum pod temperatures often occurred earlier than maximum soil temperature. Concurrent pod, stem, and air maximum and minimum temperatures suggest the strong influence of aerial plant-part temperatures on temperatures of the subterranean fruit. The results of this study show the effect of moisture and temperature stress on peanut plant part temperatures and demonstrate the relationships which result from the unique subterranean fruiting habit.
Relation of Environmental Stress Duration to Aspergillus flavus Invasion and Aflatoxin Production in Preharvest Peanuts
Authors: Sanders Timothy H , Cole Richard J , Blankenship Paul D , Hill Robert A 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Previous experiments have established that late-season water deficit conditions and 28–30.5 C in the geocarposphere are optimum for preharvest aflatoxin contamination of Florunner peanuts. Visibly-undamaged peanuts from plants exposed to these stress conditions during the last 45–50 days before harvest were highly contaminated with aflatoxin at harvest. The objective of this study was to determine the duration of water and soil temperature stress required for extensive preharvest invasion by Aspergillus flavus and contamination of peanuts with aflatoxin. Stress conditions were imposed 20, 30, 40 and 50 days before harvest. Incidence of A. flavus was greatest in edible peanuts from the 30, 40, and 50 day stress treatments. A stress period of 20 days before harvest did not result in aflatoxin contamination of edible peanuts by A. flavus. Peanuts subjected to defined temperature and water deficit stress conditions for 30, 40, and 50 days became contaminated, therefore, a threshold stress period for preharvest aflatoxin contamination of peanuts by A. flavus was more than 20, and possibly less than 30 days before harvest.
Brain tissue oxygen–directed management and outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Spiotta Alejandro M. , Stiefel Michael F. , Gracias Vicente H. , Garuffe Alicia M. , Kofke W. Andrew , Maloney-Wilensky Eileen , Troxel Andrea B. , Levine Joshua M. , Le Roux Peter D. 
Published: April 2010

Object
The object of this study was to determine whether brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2)–based therapy or intracranial pressure (ICP)/cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)–based therapy is associated with improved patient outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods
Seventy patients with severe TBI (postresuscitation GCS score ≤ 8), admitted to a neurosurgical intensive care unit at a university-based Level I trauma center and tertiary care hospital and managed with an ICP and PbtO2 monitor (mean age 40 ± 19 years [SD]) were compared with 53 historical controls who received only an ICP monitor (mean age 43 ± 18 years). Therapy for both patient groups was aimed to maintain ICP < 20 mm Hg and CPP > 60 mm Hg. Patients with PbtO2 monitors also had therapy to maintain PbtO2 > 20 mm Hg.

Results
Data were obtained from 12,148 hours of continuous ICP monitoring and 6,816 hours of continuous PbtO2 monitoring. The mean daily ICP and CPP and the frequency of elevated ICP (> 20 mm Hg) or suboptimal CPP (< 60 mm Hg) episodes were similar in each group. The mortality rate was significantly lower in patients who received PbtO2-directed care (25.7%) than in those who received conventional ICP and CPP–based therapy (45.3%, p < 0.05). Overall, 40% of patients receiving ICP/CPP–guided management and 64.3% of those receiving PbtO2–guided management had a favorable short-term outcome (p = 0.01). Among patients who received PbtO2-directed therapy, mortality was associated with lower mean daily PbtO2 (p < 0.05), longer durations of compromised brain oxygen (PbtO2 < 20 mm Hg, p = 0.013) and brain hypoxia (PbtO2 < 15 mm Hg, p = 0.001), more episodes and a longer cumulative duration of compromised PbtO2 (p < 0.001), and less successful treatment of compromised PbtO2 (p = 0.03).

Conclusions
These results suggest that PbtO2-based therapy, particularly when compromised PbtO2 can be corrected, may be associated with reduced patient mortality and improved patient outcome after severe TBI.
The Perioperative Use of Disease-Modifying and Biologic Therapies in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Undergoing Elective Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Lee Martin A. , Mason Lyndon W. , Dodds Alexander L. 
Published: April 2010

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.
Identify the current evidence in regard to perioperative use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in orthopedic surgery.

2.
Analyze the data to support the continuation of methotrexate during the peri-operative period.

3.
Discuss the lack of data to support evidence-based guidelines on the use of other DMARDs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the perioperative period.

4.
List the current British Society for Rheumatology guidelines in regard to TNF-α inhibitor therapy.
Arthroscopic Debridement of Loose Bodies From a Popliteal Cyst
Authors: Keyfes Vadim , Halbrecht Jeffrey 
Published: April 2010

To our knowledge, arthroscopic removal of loose bodies from a popliteal cyst has never been reported in the medical literature. This article describes our technique for removing loose bodies from a popliteal cyst and verifies that the procedure can be performed safely and effectively.
A 52-year-old man had progressively worsening right knee pain and swelling of 3 years' duration that had been treated conservatively for 6 months. On physical examination, there was boggy swelling, a palpable popliteal cyst, crepitus with range of motion, and diffuse discomfort and tenderness about the knee. Magnetic resonance imaging showed synovitis of unclear etiology. Arthroscopic intervention was performed after conservative measures failed. An accessory posteromedial portal was used to gain access into the popliteal cyst through the posterior joint capsule. An electrocautery device was used to penetrate into the cyst through the posterior capsule after identifying the correct location of the cyst by passing a needle percutaneously through the posterior aspect of the cyst into the joint. Multiple loose bodies along with a large cartilaginous mass were identified in the popliteal cyst and removed. The patient remained symptom free at 2-year follow-up.
As long as the instruments are kept in view and medial to the midline of the knee joint, the neurovascular structures lateral to the cyst are safe. Keeping the shaver suction on low during debridement will avoid pulling in any unvisualized tissue. To avoid injury to the superficial saphenous vein and nerve when making the posterior portal, the surgeon should incise through skin only, then use blunt dissection and a blunt obturator to enter into the joint. Simple decompression of large popliteal cysts can be accomplished in a similar manner.
Total Joint Arthroplasty in a Patient With Osteopetrosis: 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Wang Junwen , Liang Yuanxin , Zhang Qingsong , Jiao Jing , Kan Wusheng 
Published: April 2010

Total joint arthroplasty may be considered as a last option to treat osteopetrosis associated with osteoarthritis. However, many intraoperative and postoperative challenges need to be overcome when performing arthroplasty in patients with osteopetrosis, and few studies have focused on the longer-term outcomes.
This article describes a case of a 22-year-old woman with osteopetrosis who presented with osteoarthritis and underwent right total hip arthroplasty 10 years prior. A smaller and shorter femoral component was chosen for the patient, special tungsten steel drill bits were used to create the femoral canal, and the drilling process was under fluoroscopic guidance. In the second postoperative week, her Harris Hip Score increased to 82.15 points from 40.25 points preoperatively. No postoperative complications were seen, and radiographs illustrated the components were in good position. At 10-year follow-up, her Harris Hip Score was still 82 points, the components were in good position radiographically, and the patient could walk freely and perform activities of daily living with no pain. The success of the treatment lies in suitable selection of prosthesis components, extra caution during surgery, adequate perioperative antibiotic administration, postoperative functional exercise, and a low-calcium diet.
Sonographic Evidence for the Absence of Abductor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Longus, and Brevis
Authors: Kürklü Mustafa , Bïlgïç Serkan , Kömürcü; Mahmut , Özçakar Levent 
Published: April 2010

Complete absence or variations of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus; absence of the extrinsic extensors, abductor pollicis longus, thenar muscles along with congenital hypoplasia of the thumb; absence of flexor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis brevis; and bilateral absence of extensor pollicis have been reported previously. Those cases mainly comprised absence/variations of the first extensor compartment either with or without thumb anomalies. This article presents a case of a patient in which the constituents of the first and third compartments (extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis longus) were absent unilaterally. Herewith, we also highlight the role of static/dynamic sonography for prompt imaging in this regard.
A 24-year-old man presented with difficulty using the left thumb. He reported no trauma and had not used the affected thumb since childhood. On physical examination, the left thumb was observed to be in flexion and opposition. He was unable to perform active extension and abduction but passive motion was free. Neurological examination of the left upper extremity was unremarkable. No organ anomaly was present on systemic examination. Radiographs of the left hand revealed no joint problems or hypoplasia. Ultrasonographic evaluation was consistent with absence of the first and third extensor compartment tendons. Tendon transfer was recommended but the patient refused surgery.
Coccidioidal Osteomyelitis of the Patella
Authors: Waterman CPT Brian R. , Waterman MAJ Scott M. , McCoy Andrew C. , Cameron Craig D. 
Published: April 2010

Known as “Valley Fever,” coccidiomycosis is a soil-borne, fungal infection predominately found in endemic regions of the southwestern United States and Latin America. While most infected individuals are asymptomatic, <1% of patients have hematogenous seeding of bone, skin, and soft tissue. When the musculoskeletal system is involved, the knee is most commonly affected, although infection has been described in the spine, hand, wrist, ankle, foot, and pelvis. Treatment typically includes a combination of surgical debridement and antifungal treatment.
An 11-year-old boy presented with a 7-month history of left anterior knee pain. Physical examination revealed mild knee effusion and quadriceps atrophy with focal tenderness to palpation to the distal pole of the patella. Laboratory studies were unre-markable and plain radiographs revealed a radiolucency in the inferomedial aspect of the patella. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a corresponding focus of increased T2 signal with sclerotic margins and peripheral edema within the patella. Open biopsy with curettage confirmed coccidiomycosis, and the patient was successfully managed with long-term antifungal antibiotics.
To our knowledge, this article presents the first known case of coccidioidal osteomyelitis of the patella.
Finite Element Modeling of Corneal Biomechanical Behavior
Authors: Elsheikh Ahmed 
Published: April 2010

PURPOSE:To optimize the construction details of corneal numerical models while maintaining efficiency and reliability of predictions.METHODS:Nonlinear finite element analysis of corneal models was carried out to assess the importance of considering the cornea's hyperelastic, hysteretic and anisotropic behavior, multi-layer construction, weak inter-lamellar adhesion, non-uniform thickness, elliptical topography, and connection to the sclera. The effect of each of these parameters was determined by removing it from the numerical models and assessing the effect on the results. This exercise was carried out under two load cases—a uniform posterior pressure subjecting the cornea to predominantly membrane tension stresses, and a concentrated anterior pressure as applied by the Ocular Response Analyzer (Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments), which creates mainly bending stresses.RESULTS:Corneal models subjected to mainly bending stresses were particularly sensitive to simplifications in modeling corneal nonuniform thickness, weak interlamellar adhesion, and multi-layer construction. On the other hand, models under mainly membrane tension were more sensitive to simplifications in elliptical profile and connection to the sclera. Considering hyper-elasticity was important in both cases. Hysteresis was also important, but only in applications involving load reversal.CONCLUSIONS:Although simplifications may be necessary to reduce the cost of numerical model construction and analysis, the selection of which simplifications to adopt should be done with care. They should only be considered when their effect on results is acceptably small, and their inclusion does not make the model significantly different from real-life conditions. [J Refract Surg. 2010;26:289–300.]
Visian Toric Implantable Collamer Lens for Correction of Compound Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Elies Daniel , Alonso Tirso , Puig Javier , Gris Oscar , Güell José Luís , Coret Andreu 
Published: April 2010

PURPOSE:
To assess the safety, efficacy, predictability, and stability of a toric posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens for the correction of myopia with astigmatism.

METHODS:
A non-randomized, retrospective analysis of 63 eyes of 36 patients with a minimum follow-up of 6 months was performed. The STAAR Toric Implantable Collamer Lens (TICL) was implanted under topical anesthesia through a 3-mm temporal clear corneal incision. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was −10.71±3.55 diopters (D). Median preoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 20/25, with a mean sphere of −8.78 D (range: −2.50 to −16.50 D) and mean cylinder of 3.60 D (range: 1.25 to 7.00 D). Postoperative parameters were analyzed at different time points, and vector analysis was performed to calculate surgically induced astigmatism.

RESULTS:
Fifty-nine (93.6%) eyes had a spherical equivalent refraction within ±1.00 D and 52 (82.5%) eyes were within ±0.50 D of emmetropia. Median postoperative uncorrected visual acuity was 20/25 and BSCVA was 20/20. Preoperative keratometric astigmatism was 1.99@178.2 vs 1.82@178.6 postoperative kerato-metric astigmatism, most likely due to the surgical incision. Preoperative refractive astigmatism was 2.17@93 whereas postoperatively it reduced to 0.38@99.6. No eye lost 2 or more lines of Snellen BSCVA. Twenty-two (34.9%) eyes gained 2 or more Snellen lines of vision. Preoperatively, 45 (71.4%) eyes had a BSCVA of 20/30 or better, whereas 60 (95.2%) eyes were within this range of BSCVA after surgery. The TICL demonstrated good rotational stability in this study.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implantation of the STAAR TICL was an effective, predictable, and safe method for correction of high myopia and myopic astigmatism as shown in this retrospective observational series. [
J Refract Surg
. 2010;26:251–258.]
Clinical Outcomes of Complex and Uncomplicated Cataractous Eyes After Lens Replacement with the AcrySof Toric IOL
Authors: Gayton Johnny L. , Seabolt ReBecca A. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose:
To compare outcomes for uncomplicated versus complex eyes after implantation of AcrySof toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) (Alcon Laboratories Inc) in a retrospective series of cataractous astigmatic eyes.

Methods:
Toric IOLs were implanted in 230 eyes of 162 adult patients. Approximately half (52%, n=120) the eyes had no complications (uncomplicated group). The other 110 (48%) eyes (complex group) had a variety of complexities, including retinal or macular problems (eg, age-related macular degeneration), angle or pressure problems (eg, glaucoma), or high astigmatism that required adjunctive limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs). Outcomes were retrospectively assessed approximately 6 weeks after surgery.

Results:

Preoperative corneal astigmatism was 1.60±1.20 diopters (D) overall (1.40±0.70 D in the uncomplicated group and 1.90±1.60 D in the complex group). Residual cylinder was 0.40±0.60 D overall (
P
<.01 compared to baseline) and was significantly lower (
P
<.01) for the uncomplicated group (0.30±0.40 D) than for the complex group (0.50±0.80 D), which contained the adjunctive LRI subgroup (residual cylinder 0.80±0.70 D). A larger percentage of uncomplicated eyes (26%) than complex eyes (16%) had at least 20/20 uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) (
P
=.05). Excluding eyes with intentionally targeted myopic postoperative spherical equivalent, no eyes lost Snellen lines of UDVA, and the average improvement in UDVA was 0.8±0.6 logMAR. Corrected distance visual acuity of the retinal/macular subgroup was poorer than the uncomplicated group pre- and postoperatively but was significantly improved by the surgery (
P
<.001; average improvement ∼3 Snellen lines).

Conclusions:
AcrySof toric IOLs reduced cylinder and improved UDVA in both complex and uncomplicated eyes with cataractous astigmatism.
Tensile Deformation Behaviors of CuNi Alloy Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Wang Jiangwei , Zhang Peng , Duan Qiqiang , Yang Gang , Wu Shiding , Zhang Zhefeng 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe microstructure of the CuNi alloy specimen ER is mainly elongated coarse grains. However, the microstructure of the specimen EH is inhomogeneous and some recrystallized sub‐grains form. In addition, the misorientation angles of the specimens ER and EH are mainly smaller than 15°, showing a feature of low‐angle grain boundaries. Although the uniform elongation of the ECAPed CuNi alloy decreases rapidly, the yield strength of the CuNi alloy is improved more than three times after ECAP for one pass. The mechanical properties, deformation, and fracture of CuNi alloy are not significantly affected by the strain rates. With the increase in strain rates, the yield strength of the specimen E0 hardly changes but the ultimate tensile strength increases slightly. However, with the increase in strain rates, the tensile strength of the specimen EH gradually improved. Besides, the fracture fractographies of the specimens EH turn into shear dimples at high strain rate. In addition, both the strain‐hardening exponent n and strain‐rate sensitivity m of the specimens EH are small, inducing lower strain‐hardening, uniform plastic deformation and resistance to the shear deformation.
In Situ SEM Observation and Analysis of Martensitic Transformation During Short Fatigue Crack Propagation in Metastable Austenitic Steel
Authors: Krupp Ulrich , Roth Ingmar , Christ Hans‐Jürgen , Kübbeler Martin , Fritzen Claus‐Peter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHigh cycle fatigue (HCF) life of metastable austenitic steels is governed by the ability of the parent austenite phase to transform into α′ martensite via metastable ε martensite. The mechanism of this strain‐induced transformation is closely related to the grain size, the crystallographic orientation distribution, as well as to amplitude, and cyclic accumulation of plastic strain. Aim of the present study is to identify and to quantitatively describe the basic principles of strain‐induced martensite formation by means of in situ cyclic deformation experiments in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in combination with electron back‐scattered diffraction (EBSD) and numerical modeling using a boundary element approach. It was shown that during HCF loading martensite formation is inhomogeneous and not directly linked with crack initiation. Only when the fatigue crack propagates by operating multiple slip systems, the cyclic plastic zone exhibits martensitic transformation.
“PHYBAL” a Short‐Time Procedure for a Reliable Fatigue Life Calculation
Authors: Starke Peter , Walther Frank , Eifler Dietmar 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe reliable calculation of the fatigue life of high‐strength steels and components requires the systematic investigation of the cyclic deformation behaviour and the comprehensive evaluation of proceeding fatigue damage. Besides mechanical stress‐strain hysteresis measurements, temperature and electrical resistance measurements were used for the detailed characterisation of the fatigue behaviour of the steel SAE 4140 in one quenched and tempered, one normalised, one bainitic and one martensitic condition. To guarantee optimal operation conditions the new fatigue life calculation method “PHYBAL” on the basis of generalised Morrow and Basquin equations was developed. It is a short‐time procedure which requires the data of only three fatigue tests for a rapid and nevertheless precise determination of S‐N (Woehler) curves. Consequently, “PHYBAL” provides the opportunity to reduce significantly experimental time and costs compared to conventional test methods.
A Fibronectin Peptide‐Coupled Biopolymer Nanofibrous Matrix to Speed Up Initial Cellular Events
Authors: Kim Ji‐Eun , Noh Kyung‐Tae , Yu Hye‐Sun , Lee Hye‐Young , Jang Jun‐Hyeog , Kim Hae‐Won 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDegradable polymer nanofibers produced by electrospinning are attractive for use in cell culture and tissue repair. However, the hydrophobicity and initial poor cell adhesion of synthetic polymers have limited their use in tissue regeneration. Herein, the surface of a poly(lactide‐co‐caprolactone) Arg‐Gly‐Asp sequence of nanofiber was tailored with a fibronectin peptide (FN10), which was designed to retain the central cell‐binding domain. The electrospun nanofibers are first treated with an alkaline solution to reveal the carboxyl groups on the surface, which is followed by coupling with an FN10 solution in conjunction with a carbodiimide‐based agent. Peptide coupling occurs effectively with saturation within 1 h, and the coupled peptide maintains its stability for several days. The peptide‐coupled nanofibers show significant improvements in initial cell adhesion and spreading compared with the untreated one, confirming the role of the FN10 peptide in the initial cell events. This methodology may be useful in tailoring the surface of polymeric nanofibers with biomolecules targeted for specific tissue responses.