bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Networks in Conservation: The Politics of Engagement between States, Civil Society and the World Bank
Authors: Duffy Rosaleen 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article examines the vertical nature of global networks that encompass civil society organizations (CSOs), Governments, donors and the private sector. It focuses on the power dynamics in environmental governance to cast light on how complex networks are able to define, prescribe and implement particular conservation policies at the national and sub-national levels. This article uses the case of conservation non-government organizations (NGOs) in Madagascar to reveal the ways that CSOs act as a conduit for global interests played out at national and local scales.
Learning to Lobby: Civil Society Networks in Mali
Authors: Benjamin Charles E. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article examines two civil society networks—CNOP and GDRN5—involved in natural resource policy advocacy and policy formulation in Mali, after the initiation of democratic reform in 1991. Focusing on their influence on Mali's forest code, pastoral charter, and agricultural law, the article shows how the networks learned to engage the policy process, particularly policy formulation and adoption. The cases illustrate how representativeness and resources shaped their strategies in policy advocacy. They also illustrate how resource dependencies can open networks to ideological and governance pressures from donors.
The CALFED Bay-Delta Program: Lessons from the Rise and Fall of a Large-Scale Ecosystem Management Network
Authors: Lurie Susan D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEcosystem management, especially at the large/regional scale, typifies the public sector organizational environment of interconnectedness. Networks as complex organizational models can have significant advantages for intricate joint planning and management. There are, however, considerable challenges to establishing and sustaining such organizations in an institutional environment. The complex case study of CALFED, formed to integrate water management for the hub of California's water supply system, examines issues of network formation and survival in a high-stakes, high-conflict task environment. The lessons regarding conditions and events that led to CALFED's collapse should be of interest to policy makers, practitioners and scholars.
Quo Vadis? Catholic Perceptions of Flight and the Revolt of the Low Countries, 1566–1609*
Authors: Janssen Geert H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article examines Catholic views of flight, exile, and displacement during the Dutch Revolt. It argues that the civil war in the sixteenth-century Low Countries generated a new imagery of exile among Catholics, a process that was to some extent similar to what had happened to Protestant refugees a few decades earlier. Yet the Dutch case also demonstrates that the contrasting outcomes of the revolts in the Northern and Southern Netherlands led to very different appreciations of exile in Catholic communities in both areas. Habsburg triumph and Tridentine militancy sparked a Counter-Reformation movement in the Southern Netherlands that glorified exile and presented refugees as exemplary forces of an international militant church. In the northern Dutch Republic the revolt created a more ambiguous Catholic identity, in which loyalty to an officially Protestant state could coincide with commitment to the Church of Rome.
Metaphor and Criticism
Authors: Grant James 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The prevalence of colourful metaphors and figurative language in critics’ descriptions of artworks has long attracted attention. Talk of ‘liquid melodies’, ‘purple prose’, ‘soaring arches’, and the use of still more elaborate figurative descriptions, is not uncommon. My aim in this paper is to explain why metaphor is so prevalent in critical description. Many have taken the prevalence of art-critical metaphors to reveal something important about aesthetic experience and aesthetic properties. My focus is different. I attempt to determine what metaphor enables critics to achieve and why it is so well suited to helping them achieve it. I begin by outlining my account of what metaphors communicate and defend it against objections to the effect that it does not apply to art-critical metaphors. I then distinguish between two kinds of art-critical metaphor. This distinction is not normally drawn, but drawing it is essential to understanding why critics use metaphor. I then explain why each kind of metaphor is so common in criticism.
The scope for replacing seclusion with time out in acute inpatient psychiatry in England
Authors: Bowers Len , Ross Jamie , Nijman Henk , Muir‐Cochrane Eimear , Noorthoorn Eric , Stewart Duncan 
Published: July 2011

bowers l., ross j., nijman h., muir‐cochrane e., noorthoorn e. & stewart d. (2011) The scope for replacing seclusion with time out in acute inpatient psychiatry in England. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(4), 826–835.AbstractBackground.  The use of seclusion is unpalatable to nurses and frequently unpleasant for patients. Time out is rated by nurses and patients as more acceptable. Several countries have initiated exercises to reduce the use of seclusion, but England has not.Methods.  In this study, data were collected on the sequence of conflict (aggression, rule breaking, absconding etc.) and containment (coerced medication, restraint, special observation etc., including time out and seclusion) for the first 2 weeks of 522 acute admissions on 84 wards in 31 English hospitals between June 2009 and March 2010. Data were analysed to describe what preceded and followed time out and seclusion episodes in a nursing shift.Results.  Seclusion was used with 7·5% of patients, and time out with 15·5%. Both containment methods were used with similar patients in similar circumstances, and both brought disturbed behaviour to a close in half of the cases. Some seclusion appeared to follow less serious disturbed behaviour. There was an important variation in rates of seclusion between hospitals. Seclusion and time out had equally good outcomes in the management of physical violence to others.Conclusions.  There is good evidence that seclusion rates can be reduced safely, and time out can sometimes be used as a substitute. A national registration and reporting system should be introduced in England, and serious efforts made to reduce seclusion use in hospitals where rates are high.
High‐throughput protoplast transactivation (PTA) system for the analysis of Arabidopsis transcription factor function
Authors: Wehner Nora , Hartmann Laura , Ehlert Andrea , Böttner Stefan , Oñate‐Sánchez Luis , Dröge‐Laser Wolfgang 
Published: July 2011

SummaryGenomic approaches have generated large Arabidopsis open reading frame (ORF) collections. However, molecular tools are required to characterize this ORFeome functionally. A high‐throughput microtiter plate‐based protoplast transactivation (PTA) system has been established that can be used in a screening approach to define which transcription factor (TF) regulates a given promoter in planta. Using to this procedure, the transactivation properties of 96 TFs can be analyzed rapidly, making use of promoter:Luciferase (LUC)‐reporters and luciferase imaging. Applying GATEWAY® technology, we have established a platform to assay more than 700 Arabidopsis TFs. As a proof‐of‐principle, the ethylene response factor (ERF) family has been studied to evaluate this system. Importantly, distinct subsets of related ERF factors were found to activate specifically the well described target promoters RD29A and PDF1.2 that are under control of DRE or GCC box cis‐elements, respectively. Furthermore, several applications of the PTA system have been demonstrated, such as analysis of transcriptional repressors, salt‐inducible gene expression or functional interaction of signaling molecules like kinases and TFs. This novel molecular tool will improve functional studies on transcriptional regulation in plants significantly.
Impact of rotavirus vaccination on diarrhoea mortality and hospital admissions in Brazil
Authors: Gurgel Ricardo Q. , Ilozue Chinenye , Correia Jailson B. , Centenari Chiara , Oliveira Sandala M. T. , Cuevas Luis E. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjective  To analyse the data reported by the national surveillance system of Brazil, including data on diarrhoea mortality and hospital admissions before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction, and evaluate the impact of its widespread use under operational conditions.Method  Retrospective analysis of routinely collected data was reported by several surveillance systems of Brazil, comprising an 8‐year period of all diarrhoea‐related hospitalisations and deaths in children <5 years old (2002–2009). Linear regressions were used to compare trends of diarrhoea hospitalisations and deaths before and after vaccine introduction (2002–2005 vs. 2006–2009).Results  There was a long‐term reduction in hospitalisations that preceded the introduction of the vaccine. This reduction was more marked in <1‐year‐old than in 1– to 4‐year‐old children. All‐cause diarrhoea hospitalisations decreased further after vaccine introduction and the decrease was larger in <1‐year‐old (−35.6%) than in 1– to 4‐year‐old children (−12.3%). The number of deaths was decreasing before vaccine introduction, and the decrease also accelerated after vaccine introduction, with deaths halving in <1‐year‐old and decreasing by 32.9% in 1‐ to 4‐year‐old children. The linear relationships between hospitalisations and deaths were statistically different before and after vaccine introduction.Conclusions  The data demonstrate a decreasing trend in all‐cause diarrhoea‐related hospitalisations and deaths in children <5 years of age. These reductions were steeper between 2006 and 2009, highlighting the potential beneficial effect of the rotavirus vaccine associated with all‐cause diarrhoeal disease.
Use of a novel virus detection assay to identify coronavirus HKU1 in the lungs of a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient with fatal pneumonia
Authors: Uhlenhaut C. , Cohen J.I. , Pavletic S. , Illei G. , Gea‐Banacloche J.C. , Abu‐Asab M. , Krogmann T. , Gubareva L. , McClenahan S. , Krause P.R. 
Published: July 2011

C. Uhlenhaut, J.I. Cohen, S. Pavletic, G. Illei, J.C. Gea‐Banacloche, M. Abu‐Asab, T. Krogmann, L. Gubareva, S. McClenahan, P.R. Krause. Use of a novel virus detection assay to identify coronavirus HKU1 in the lungs of a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient with fatal pneumonia. Transpl Infect Dis 2011. All rights reserved
Abstract: A 38‐year‐old female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxemia for several months following immunodepleting autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. She was treated for influenza, which was isolated repeatedly from oropharynx and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, and later empirically for lupus pneumonitis, but died 6 months after transplant. Autopsy findings failed to show influenza in the lungs or lupus pneumonitis. A novel generic polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based assay using degenerate primers identified human coronavirus (CoV) HKU1 RNA in BAL fluid at autopsy. CoV was confirmed by virus‐specific PCRs of lung tissue at autopsy. Electron microscopy showed viral particles consistent with CoV HKU1 in lung tissue both at autopsy and from a previous biopsy. Although human CoV HKU1 infection is not usually severe, in highly immunocompromised patients, it can be associated with fatal pneumonia.
Nutrient co‐limitation of primary producer communities
Authors: Harpole W. Stanley , Ngai Jacqueline T. , Cleland Elsa E. , Seabloom Eric W. , Borer Elizabeth T. , Bracken Matthew E.S. , Elser James J. , Gruner Daniel S. , Hillebrand Helmut , Shurin Jonathan B. , Smith Jennifer E. 
Published: July 2011

Ecology Letters(2011)14: 852–862AbstractSynergistic interactions between multiple limiting resources are common, highlighting the importance of co‐limitation as a constraint on primary production. Our concept of resource limitation has shifted over the past two decades from an earlier paradigm of single‐resource limitation towards concepts of co‐limitation by multiple resources, which are predicted by various theories. Herein, we summarise multiple‐resource limitation responses in plant communities using a dataset of 641 studies that applied factorial addition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in freshwater, marine and terrestrial systems. We found that more than half of the studies displayed some type of synergistic response to N and P addition. We found support for strict definitions of co‐limitation in 28% of the studies: i.e. community biomass responded to only combined N and P addition, or to both N and P when added separately. Our results highlight the importance of interactions between N and P in regulating primary producer community biomass and point to the need for future studies that address the multiple mechanisms that could lead to different types of co‐limitation.
Characterization of the normal dark adaptation curve of the horse
Authors: Ben‐Shlomo Gil , Plummer Caryn , Barrie Kathleen , Brooks Dennis 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective  The goal of this work is to study the dark adaptation curve of the normal horse electroretinogram (ERG).Procedures  The electroretinographic responses were recorded from six healthy female ponies using a contact lens electrode and a mini‐Ganzfeld electroretinographic unit. The horses were sedated intravenously with detomidine, an auriculopalpebral nerve block was then performed, and the pupil was fully dilated. The ERG was recorded in response to a low intensity light stimulus (30 mcd.s/m2) that was given at times (T) T = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min of dark adaptation. Off‐line analysis of the ERG was then performed.Results  Mean b‐wave amplitude of the full‐field ERG increased continuously from 5 to 25 min of dark adaptation. The b‐wave amplitude peaked at T = 25, however, there was no statistical significance between T = 20 and T = 25. The b‐wave amplitude then remained elevated with no significant changes until the end of the study at T = 60 (P > 0.49). The b‐wave implicit time increased continuously between T = 5 and T = 20, then gradually decreased until T = 60. No distinct a‐wave was observed during the testing time.Conclusions  Evaluation of horse rod function or combined rod/cone function by means of full‐field ERG should be performed after a minimum 20 min of dark adaptation.
Clinical ocular findings in cows with malignant catarrhal fever: ocular disease progression and outcome in 25 cases (2007–2010)
Authors: Zemljič Tadej , Pot Simon A. , Haessig Michael , Spiess Bernhard M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective  To describe the ocular clinical signs in a group of cows diagnosed with sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), and to investigate a possible correlation between the severity and progression of certain typical clinical signs and disease outcome.Procedure  This prospective study involved cows diagnosed with MCF between 2007 and 2010, and included cows enrolled in a larger clinical trial. Signalment of affected cows, presence and progression of ocular lesions, as well as disease outcome were recorded. Cows were divided into two groups based on the disease outcome: (1) survival and (2) nonsurvival. The degree of corneal edema at first examination was statistically compared between groups. The progression of corneal edema, uveitis and the examining ophthalmologists’ subjective assessment of disease progression between the first and last examination were also compared between groups.Results  Twenty‐five cows (22 F, 3 M) of six different breeds and one mixed breed were included. Median age was 21 months (range 8–113). Ten cows survived, 13 cows were euthanized, and two died. No statistical association was identified between the degree of corneal edema at the first examination and the disease outcome. Deterioration of corneal edema was not noticed in any of the surviving animals. Anterior uveitis improved in all 10 surviving cows.Conclusions  The degree of corneal edema at first examination had no prognostic value for the disease outcome. The results of this study suggest that the progression of corneal edema correlates well with disease outcome, and that nonimprovement of uveitis is a bad prognostic sign.
Comparison of intraocular pressure measurements between the Tono‐Pen XL®and Perkins®applanation tonometers in dogs and cats
Authors: Andrade Silvia Franco , Palozzi Rodrigo Jesus , Giuffrida Rogério , de Campos Renata Juliane , de Campos Santos Gabriela , Fukui Rosimery Missuzu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective To compare the accuracy between two applanation tonometers, Tono‐Pen XL®and Perkins®, in ophthalmoscopically normal dogs and cats.Animals Both eyes of 25 conscious and healthy dogs and cats were evaluated. Both eyes of five dogs and cats immediately after sacrifice were used as controls for the postmortem study.Procedure In conscious animals, the tonometry was performed with topical anesthesia using 0.5% proxymetacaine eye drops for both tonometers and 1% fluorescein eye drops for the Perkins tonometer. Readings of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the postmortem study were taken using manometry and tonometry by Tono‐Pen XL®and Perkins®.Results The correlation coefficient (r2) in dogs between manometry and applanation tonometers Tono‐Pen XL®and Perkins®were, respectively, 0.896 and 0.981 and in cats were 0.905 and 0.988. The mean IOP values in conscious dogs with Tono‐Pen XL®and Perkins®were, respectively, 17.5 ± 3.7 mmHg (10.0–25.0 mmHg) and 15.3 ± 2.1 mmHg (12.0–19.8 mmHg) and in conscious cats were 16.8 ± 3.6 mmHg (10.5–24.5 mmHg) and 15.5 ± 1.3 mmHg (13.0–18.5 mmHg).Conclusion There was a strong correlation between the IOP values obtained by direct ocular manometry and the Tono‐Pen XL®and Perkins®tonometers in dogs and cats. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean IOP obtained with both tonometers in conscious animals, there was, however, a difference between the minimum and mainly in the maximum values that were on average 5–6 mmHg higher with Tono‐Pen XL®than those measured with Perkins®, which justifies a table of normal values differentiated for each tonometer.
Differentiating Processes of Control and Understanding in the Early Development of Emotion and Cognition
Authors: Blankson A. Nayena , O'Brien Marion , Leerkes Esther M. , Marcovitch Stuart , Calkins Susan D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this study, we examined the hypothesis that preschoolers' performance on emotion and cognitive tasks is organized into discrete processes of control and understanding within the domains of emotion and cognition. Additionally, we examined the relations among component processes using mother report, behavioral observation, and physiological measures of emotion control. Participants were 263 children (42 percent non‐White) and their mothers. Results indicated that the three approaches of measuring emotion control were unrelated. Regardless of the measurement method, a four‐factor solution differentiating emotion control and understanding and cognitive control and understanding fits the data better than did either of two two‐factor models, one based on domains of emotion and cognition across processes, and one based on processes of control and understanding across domains. Results of this research replicate those of Leerkes et al. in describing a differentiated underlying structure of emotion and cognition processes in early childhood while also extending these conclusions across samples and across measurement approaches for assessing emotion control.
Intergroup Evaluations and Norms about Learning Ability
Authors: Nowicki Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractChildren's evaluations of classmates with learning difficulties tend to be less positive than their evaluations of classmates without learning difficulties; but it is not clear if these evaluations are associated with age, group norms, and group identification. These associations were examined within the context of inclusive elementary school classrooms. Participants (N = 192) were asked about their attitudes and their peers' attitudes towards children with or without learning difficulties. They were also asked to evaluate fictional target children who gave biased or unbiased opinions about children with or without learning difficulties. Results showed that group identification was predicted by age and group judgment. Participants with high group identification and judgment scores in favour of children without learning difficulties were inclined to believe other children would be similarly biased. However, most participants preferred the target child who gave unbiased opinions. Theoretical and educational implications are discussed.
Romantic Relationships, Relationship Styles, Coping Strategies, and Psychological Distress among Chinese and Australian Young Adults
Authors: Leung Cynthia , Moore Susan , Karnilowicz Wally , Lung C. L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study examined the association between relationship styles, coping strategies, and psychological distress among 144 Anglo‐Australian and 250 Hong Kong Chinese undergraduate students. The results indicated that relationship styles (secure, clingy, and fickle) influenced psychological distress through their association with coping strategies (avoidance and self‐punishment). Society of residence was a moderating factor for the association between clingy relationship style and psychological distress. Females also reported higher levels of psychological distress than males. Among participants who had experienced a romantic relationship break up, participants endorsing clingy relationship style and those whose partners initiated the break up expressed more hurt in comparison, whereas those who endorsed avoidance strategy reported less hurt. The results of the present study also suggested that psychosocial variables (relationship styles, coping strategies) were generally more important than demographic factors (e.g., age) in predicting mental health outcomes. However, relationship styles and coping strategies may operate differently under different contexts.
Implementing Consumer Choice in Long‐term Care: The Impact of Individual Budgets on Social Care Providers in England
Authors: Wilberforce Mark , Glendinning Caroline , Challis David , Fernandez Jose‐Luis , Jacobs Sally , Jones Karen , Knapp Martin , Manthorpe Jill , Moran Nicola , Netten Ann , Stevens Martin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn common with many advanced welfare states, England has increasingly relied on consumerist principles to deliver both greater quality and improved efficiency in the long‐term care system. The Individual Budget (IB) pilots marked the next step in this process, through a new system of funding whereby greater control of resources is given to service users, in lieu of direct in‐kind care provision. IBs have the potential to transform the market for care services as well as the relationships between key stakeholders within it. Purchasing will increasingly be shaped by the demands of IB holders, with providers expected to deliver a wider range of personalized services. What will this mean for providers, and what can they do to prepare for these changes? These questions are relevant not just in England but in many other countries adopting similar mechanisms for devolving control over the design, delivery and funding of care to the end‐user. The article explores the early impact of IBs on providers' services, on their workforces, and on the administrative implications for providers of managing IBs. The study finds that providers were positive about the opportunities for better‐quality services that IBs can bring about. However, participants highlighted a number of obstacles to their effectiveness, and reported a range of potentially adverse administrative and workforce consequences which have the potential to jeopardize the consumerist policy objectives of increased choice and efficiency.