bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The validity and clinical utility of purging disorder
Authors: Keel Pamela K. , Striegel‐Moore Ruth H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo review evidence of the validity and clinical utility of Purging Disorder and examine options for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM‐V).MethodArticles were identified by computerized and manual searches and reviewed to address five questions about Purging Disorder: Is there “ample” literature? Is the syndrome clearly defined? Can it be measured and diagnosed reliably? Can it be differentiated from other eating disorders? Is there evidence of syndrome validity?ResultsAlthough empirical classification and concurrent validity studies provide emerging support for the distinctiveness of Purging Disorder, questions remain about definition, diagnostic reliability in clinical settings, and clinical utility (i.e., prognostic validity).DiscussionWe discuss strengths and weaknesses associated with various options for the status of Purging Disorder in the DSM‐V ranging from making no changes from DSM‐IV to designating Purging Disorder a diagnosis on equal footing with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. © 2009 American Psychiatric Association. (Int J Eat Disord 2009)
Copper Complexes with Neutral N4 Tripodal Ligands: Influence of the Number of Nitrogen Donors on Their Structures, Properties, and Reactivity
Authors: Fujisawa Kiyoshi , Chiba Shingo , Miyashita Yoshitaro , Okamoto Ken‐ichi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCopper coordination complexes of the neutral tetradentate nitrogen‐containing ligands tris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐ylmethyl)amine (L0N4) and tris(3,5‐diisopropylpyrazol‐1‐ylmethyl)amine (L1N4), namely the copper(II) chlorido complexes [CuII(L0N4)Cl2] (1) and [CuII(L1N4)Cl2] (2), the copper(II) nitrato complexes [CuII(L0N4)(NO3)](NO3) (3) and [CuII(L1N4)(NO3)](NO3) (4), and the copper(II) sulfato complexes [CuII(L0N4)(SO4)] (5) and [CuII(L1N4)(SO4)] (6), and the copper(I) complexes [CuI(L0N4)](PF6) (7) and [CuI(L0N4)(PPh3)](ClO4) (8), have been systematically synthesized in order to investigate the influence of the number of nitrogen donors on their structures, properties, and reactivity. All copper(II) complexes were fully characterized by X‐ray crystallography and by IR/far‐IR, UV/Vis absorption, and ESR spectroscopy. Although the structure of 7 was not determined by X‐ray crystallography, this complex and the structurally characterized copper(I) triphenylphosphane complex 8 were fully characterized by IR/far‐IR and NMR spectroscopy. A comparison of the copper(II) complexes with two tris(pyrazol‐1‐ylmethyl)amine ligands with different bulkiness of the pyrazolyl rings has allowed us to evaluate the second coordination sphere effects of the ligands. Moreover, the structures and physicochemical properties of these complexes are compared with those of related complexes containing the neutral tridentate tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligand and the neutral bidentate bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligand. Finally, the relative stability of the copper(I) complexes is discussed. The influence of the number of nitrogen donors in copper complexes is observed from these systematic results.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Copper(I) Isocyanide and Phosphane Complexes of Fluorinated Mono‐ and Bis(pyrazolyl)borates
Authors: Dias H. V. Rasika , Gioia Lobbia Giancarlo , Papini Grazia , Pellei Maura , Santini Carlo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNew copper(I) complexes have been synthesized from the reaction between [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 or CuI, triphenylphosphane, tert‐butyl isocyanide or cyclohexyl isocyanide co‐ligands, and the fluorinated pyrazolylborate ligands sodium trihydro[5‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol‐1‐yl]borate and potassium dihydrobis[3‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol‐1‐yl]borate. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR and multinuclear (1H, 13C, 19F and 31P) NMR spectroscopy, and ESI mass spectrometry. The solid‐state structure of [{H3B[5‐(CF3)pz]}Cu(PPh3)2] is also reported. This complex features a κ2N,H‐bonded trihydro(pyrazolyl)borate ligand, a rare Cu–HB bond, and a distorted, pseudo‐tetrahedral copper atom with a large P–Cu–P angle. The solid state structures of [{H2B[3‐(CF3)pz]2}Cu(CNtBu)2] and [{H2B[3‐(CF3)pz]2}Cu(CNCy)2], which have pseudo‐tetrahedral copper sites, are also reported. The bis(pyrazolyl)borate ligand in these complexes acts as a κ2N,N′ donor and adopts a flattened boat conformation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
“On‐Water”‐Promoted C‐Alkylation of Indoles with 2‐Aryl‐3‐nitro‐2H‐chromenes under Catalyst‐Free Conditions
Authors: Habib Pateliya Mujjamil , Kavala Veerababurao , Raju B. Rama , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Huang Wen‐Chang , Yao Ching‐Fa 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn environmentally benign method for the synthesis of indolyl(nitro)chromans from indoles and 2‐aryl‐3‐nitro‐2H‐chromenes under catalyst‐free conditions by use of an “on‐water” concept is described. The salient features of the methodology are its clean reaction conditions, the eco‐friendly medium, and the easy isolation and excellent diastereoselectivities of the products.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis of New 1H‐Indazoles through Diels–Alder Transformations of 4‐Styrylpyrazoles under Microwave Irradiation Conditions
Authors: Silva Vera L. M. , Silva Artur M. S. , Pinto Diana C. G. A. , Elguero José , Cavaleiro José A. S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMicrowave irradiation under solvent‐free conditions induces 1‐acetyl‐4‐styrylpyrazoles to undergo Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions with N‐methyl‐ or N‐phenylmaleimide to give tetrahydroindazoles in good yields and with high selectivities. With conventional heating, these reactions either do not occur or afford only traces of the cycloadducts. These cycloadducts were then converted into the corresponding 1H‐indazoles by dehydrogenation with DDQ in dry 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene under microwave irradiation or classical heating conditions. The structures of all new derivatives and the stereochemistries of the cycloadducts were assigned by NMR spectroscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Acetylacetone to Nitroolefins with Chiral Organocatalysts Derived from Both α‐Amino ­Acids and Carbohydrates
Authors: Pu Xuewei , Li Penghui , Peng Fangzhi , Li Xiaojiao , Zhang Hongbin , Shao Zhihui 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBifunctional chiral tertiary amine thioureas derived from both α‐amino acids and carbohydrates were developed. These organocatalysts promoted the enantioselective conjugate addition of acetylacetone to various aromatic and aliphatic nitroolefins at room temperature in good yields (up to 93 %) and with good enantioselectivity (up to 90 % ee). Furthermore, an interesting matched–mismatched effect of two different chiral units in a chiral organocatalyst was disclosed. Both enantiomers of a product can be achieved in almost the same enantiomeric excess with the “matched” and “mismatched” chiral organocatalysts simply by changing the solvent from THF to toluene. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A high surface area magnetic photocatalyst with controlled pore size
Authors: Kostedt W.L. , Byrne H.E. , Mazyck D.W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMagnetic photocatalysts have the benefit of recoverability or even confinement/agitation using an oscillating magnetic field. A high surface area magnetic photocatalyst (HSAMP) was developed consisting of silica‐coated barium ferrite and Degussa P25 titanium dioxide dispersed in an acid catalyzed silica xerogel. Through modifying the concentration of hydrofluoric acid catalyst during synthesis, three types of HSAMPs were developed with resulting BET specific surface areas of 374, 543, and 550 m2/g. These HSAMPs were assessed for their photocatalytic activity by oxidizing a 6.5 mg/L phenol solution in comparison to Degussa P25 alone. The resulting extent of photocatalysis was greater for the HSAMP than for Degussa P25 although the latter demonstrated a more rapid removal of the phenol parent compound. The HSAMP was capable of removing nearly 100% of the nonpurgeable dissolved organic carbon for 6 repeated uses. Nearly 99% of the HSAMP mass was recoverable with a permanent magnet. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Microwave pretreatment for soluble phase mesophilic anaerobic digestion
Authors: Toreci Isil , Droste Ronald L. , Kennedy Kevin J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe effect of microwave pretreatment on dewateribility of thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) was determined by centrifuging it at an RCF of 6513 for 30 min for 6 and 11.85% TS concentrations. Supernatant of pretreated and untreated samples were filtered through 0.45‐μm GF/C grade binder free glass microfiber filters before biological methane potential (BMP) assay. It was found that microwave (MW) temperature had greater impact on removing supernatant from sludge than MW intensity. The highest biogas production was observed with pretreatment at 150°C with low MW intensity which improved biogas production 90% compared to the same volume of supernatant obtained from raw TWAS at 20th day of BMP assay. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Degradation of AR 97 aqueous solution by combination of ultrasound and Fenton reagent
Authors: Li Ji‐Tai , Song Ya‐Li 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn efficient and convenient degradation of AR 97 (C.I. Acid Red 97) in aqueous solution by the combination of ultrasound and Fenton reagent was reported. The various affecting factors were studied. Under ultrasound, the degradation ratio is 99.9% for the initial concentration of 50 mg L−1 using 1.57 mmol L−1 H2O2, 0.054 mmol L−1 Fe2+ at 40°C within 140 min. The combination method was more effective than sonolysis or Fenton reagent process treatment individually. In the combined process, the effect of the kind of anions (Cl−, SO42−, and H2PO4−) and Fenton‐like reagents (Cu2+/H2O2, Co2+/H2O2, and Mn2+/H2O2) on degradation was also observed. Except for SO42−, others had a negative effect on degradation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Empirical tests of canonical nonparametric American option‐pricing methods
Authors: Alcock Jamie , Auerswald Diana 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAlcock and Carmichael (2008, The Journal of Futures Markets, 28, 717–748) introduce a nonparametric method for pricing American‐style options, that is derived from the canonical valuation developed by Stutzer (1996, The Journal of Finance, 51, 1633–1652). Although the statistical properties of this nonparametric pricing methodology have been studied in a controlled simulation environment, no study has yet examined the empirical validity of this method. We introduce an extension to this method that incorporates information contained in a small number of observed option prices. We explore the applicability of both the original method and our extension using a large sample of OEX American index options traded on the S&P100 index. Although the Alcock and Carmichael method fails to outperform a traditional implied‐volatility‐based Black–Scholes valuation or a binomial tree approach, our extension generates significantly lower pricing errors and performs comparably well to the implied‐volatility Black–Scholes pricing, in particular for out‐of‐the‐money American put options. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:509–532, 2010
Adeno‐associated virus–delivered short hairpin‐structured RNA for androgen receptor gene silencing induces tumor eradication of prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice: A preclinical study
Authors: Sun Aijing , Tang Jianxi , Terranova Paul F. , Zhang Xiaoming , Thrasher James Brantley , Li Benyi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe androgen receptor (AR) is the most critical factor in prostate cancer progression. We previously demonstrated that silencing the AR using 2 unique small interfering RNAs (no. 8 and no. 31 AR siRNA) induces apoptotic cell death in AR‐positive prostate cancer cells. To develop this AR siRNA technique into a therapy for prostate cancers, we generated an adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector to stably express a short hairpin‐structured RNA (shRNA) against the AR gene in vivo. In addition to the no. 8 AR shRNA (ARHP8), we also screened a group of AR shRNAs with different sequences and identified a less effective AR shRNA (ARHP4) that was used as an shRNA control. An empty AAV vector (AAV‐GFP) was used as a negative control. Intratumoral injection of AAV‐ARHP8 viruses significantly suppressed tumor growth of xenografts derived from either androgen‐responsive or castration‐resistant prostate cancer cells. Most interestingly, systemic delivery of the AAV‐ARHP8 but not AAV‐ARHP4 or AAV‐GFP viruses via tail vein injection eliminated xenografts within 10 days. Further analysis revealed that AAV‐ARHP8 viruses dramatically reduced the expression of AR‐regulated cellular survival genes and caused a dramatic apoptotic response. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that AAV‐ARHP8 viruses induced a strong AR gene silencing in vivo and that systemic delivery of ARHP8 siRNA via an AAV vector or any other means might be considered as novel gene therapy for prostate cancers.
EWS/Fli‐1 chimeric fusion gene upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor‐A
Authors: Nagano Akihito , Ohno Takatoshi , Shimizu Katsuji , Hara Akira , Yamamoto Takatoshi , Kawai Gou , Saitou Mitsuru , Takigami Iori , Matsuhashi Aya , Yamada Kazunari , Takei Yoshifumi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A plays an important role in the pathological angiogenesis that occurs in soft‐tissue sarcoma and in about half of Ewing's sarcoma cases, where it is highly overexpressed. EWS/Fli‐1 is considered to be a transcriptional activator and to play a significant role in tumorigenesis of Ewing's sarcoma. However, the relationship between EWS/Fli‐1 and VEGF‐A is still unclear. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between EWS/Fli‐1 and VEGF‐A, and to determine whether small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐targeting of VEGF‐A can be developed as a novel treatment for Ewing's sarcoma. Knockdown of EWS/Fli‐1 using siRNA on a Ewing's sarcoma cell line (A673) suppressed VEGF‐A expression, and transfection of EWS/Fli‐1 into a human osteosarcoma cell line increased VEGF‐A expression. To inhibit VEGF‐A secretion from Ewing's sarcoma, we developed a chemically synthesized siRNA that targets VEGF‐A. Transfection of the VEGF siRNA into the Ewing's sarcoma cell line significantly suppressed VEGF‐A secretion by up to 98% in vitro, compared with a control. In vivo, we established Ewing's sarcoma xenograft models and performed intratumoral injection of the siRNA mixed with atelocollagen. We observed that the inhibition of tumor growth occurs in a dose‐dependent manner. Histological examination revealed decreased microvessel density and morphological change around microvessels in the Ewing's sarcoma xenografts treated with the siRNA. It is considered that a combination of chemically synthesized siRNA that targets VEGF‐A and atelocollagen might be a novel and effective option for treating Ewing's sarcoma that secretes VEGF‐A.
Birth weight and mammographic density among postmenopausal women in Sweden
Authors: Tamimi Rulla M. , Eriksson Louise , Lagiou Pagona , Czene Kamila , Ekbom Anders , Hsieh Chung‐Cheng , Adami Hans‐Olov , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Hall Per 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBirth weight is a significant predictor of breast cancer risk in adult life and mammary gland mass could be an intermediate stage in this long process. We have studied the association of birth size measurements with mammographic density, a marker of mammary gland mass. For a population‐based sample of 893 postmenopausal women without previous cancer in Sweden, we retrieved information on birth size from birth records and their most recent mammography. Film mammograms of the medio‐lateral oblique view were digitized and the Cumulus software was used for computer‐assisted semi‐automated thresholding of mammographic density. Results were analyzed using generalized linear models controlling for possible confounders. Mean percent mammographic density increased when comparing the extreme categories of birth weight (from 15.6% to 18.6%) and head circumference (from 15.5% to 20.4%), and the corresponding linear trends were statistically significant (p values 0.02 and 0.007, respectively). The associations were particularly strong when the cutoff for high versus low mammographic density was set at the relatively high value of 50%. Compared to women weighing 3001–3500 grams at birth, women with birth weights >4000g were at almost 3‐fold risk of developing high mammographic density (odds ratio: 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 7.9). No association with mammographic density was evident with respect to birth length which, however, is known to be less accurately measured. These results indicate that adult breast density, a powerful predictor of breast cancer risk, has intrauterine roots, as reflected in birth size.
Extraribosomal function of metallopanstimulin‐1: reducing paxillin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and inhibiting tumor growth
Authors: Dai Yuemeng , Pierson Spencer E. , Dudney W. Cross , Stack Brendan C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMetallopanstimulin‐1 (MPS‐1) is a multifunctional ribosomal protein RPS27 that contains a zinc finger domain of the C4 type. MPS‐1 has been found to be increased in the sera of a number of different cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, little is known about the effect of a high‐level MPS‐1 in regulating cancer cell behavior. In this study, we overexpressed MPS‐1 protein in the HNSCC cell line UMSCC‐1. We found MPS‐1 distributes not only in the cytosol, but also in the nuclei. In addition, MPS‐1 is secreted into the culture medium. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that growth of UMSCC‐1 cells transfected with MPS‐1 is dramatically inhibited. Moreover, we also found that with overexpressing MPS‐1, UMSCC‐1 cells were arrested on G0/G1 phase, cell proliferation rate was reduced, and tumor angiogenesis was impaired. Further gene array analysis, immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting reveal that MPS‐1 reduces paxillin mRNA and protein levels in UMSCC‐1 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Together, these data indicate that when MPS‐1 is overexpressed, it has an extraribosomal function as a strong inhibitor of HNSCC tumor cell growth, which may be exerted by reduced paxillin gene expression.
Clearance of human papillomavirus infection after successful conization in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Kim Young‐Tak , Lee Jong Min , Hur Soo‐Young , Cho Chi‐Heum , Kim Young Tae , Kim Seung Cheol , Kang Soon Beom 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe natural history of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HRHPV) infection after successful treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is not well known. This study was performed to evaluate the rate and pattern of HRHPV infection clearance after successful conization for CIN and to analyze factors associated with such clearance. A total of 287 patients who underwent loop electrosurgical excision procedures (LEEP) owing to HRHPV‐associated CIN were included. All patients had negative resection margins on LEEP specimens and underwent HPV testing with the hybrid capture II system at 3‐, 6‐, 9‐, 12‐, 18‐ and 24‐month follow‐up visits after LEEP. Persistent HPV infections were detected in 45.6%, 14.3%, 6.3%, 2.2%, 1.5% and 1.1% of patients at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months after LEEP, respectively. Clearance rates did not differ by age, parity or severity of cervical lesion. However, clearance rates were significantly slower in patients with HPV DNA loads >500 RLU/PC before LEEP (p = 0.040). During 2 years of follow‐up after LEEP, 24 patients had recurrent disease revealed by biopsy. The odds ratios for recurrent disease in patients with persistent HRHPV infection increased gradually from 5.17 at the 3‐month follow‐up visit to 12.54, 15.69 and 25.90 at 6‐, 9‐, 12‐ and 24‐month follow‐up visits, respectively. We conclude that HRHPV infection cleared gradually in most patients within 6 months of treatment. Clearance rates were significantly slower in patients with HPV DNA loads >500 RLU/PC. Persistent HPV infection was a significant positive predictor of recurrence.
The Swedish Family‐Cancer Database 2009: prospects for histology‐specific and immigrant studies
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Ji Jianguang , Brandt Andreas , Mousavi Seyed Mohsen , Sundquist Jan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe Swedish Family‐Cancer Database comprises a total of 11.8 million individuals covering the Swedish population of the past 100 years. Version VIII of the Database is described in the present article. Cancer cases were retrieved from the Swedish Cancer Registry for the period 1958–2006, including more than 1 million first primary cancers. The number of familial cancers in offspring is 14,000 when a parent was diagnosed with a concordant (same) cancer and the number of concordant siblings was 6,000. From the year 1993 onwards histopathological data according to the SNOMED classification were used, which entails advantages for certain cancers, such as breast cancer. Even though the specific morphological classification only covers a limited number of years, it does cover most familial cancers in the offspring generation. The Database records the country of birth for each subject. A total of 1.79 million individuals were foreign born, Finns and other Scandinavians being the largest immigrant groups. The cancer incidence in the first‐generation immigrants was compared to that in native Swedes using standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) to measure relative risk. The SIRs ranged widely between the immigrant groups, from 1.9‐fold for myeloma to 25‐fold for melanoma. The differences in SIRs were smaller in the second‐generation immigrants. The usefulness and the possible applications of the Family‐Cancer Database have increased with increasing numbers of cases, and the numerous applications have been described in some 300 publications. Familial cancer studies are in the stimulating interphase of the flourishing disciplines of genetics and epidemiology.
Suppression of ABCG2 inhibits cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Chen Zhong , Liu Fang , Ren Qian , Zhao Qinjun , Ren Hongying , Lu Shihong , Zhang Lei , Han Zhongchao 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe ATP‐binding cassette efflux transporter, ABCG2, is widely expressed in a variety of normal tissues, stem cells, as well as cancer cells. Existing data suggest that ABCG2 plays an important role in the maintenance of the stem cell phenotype and multidrug resistance of cancer cells. However, the potential role of ABCG2 in other cellular processes remains speculative and poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that ABCG2 is involved in the proliferation of cancer cells. We used RNA interference approach to efficiently and specifically down‐regulate ABCG2 protein levels in MCF‐7/MX and A549 cells. We showed that knockdown of ABCG2 significantly inhibited the proliferation of these cells. Suppression of ABCG2 reduced the percentage of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and enhanced G0/G1 accumulation. The G0/G1 growth arrest was associated with down‐regulation of cyclin D3 and up‐regulation of p21. Furthermore, blocking of ABCG2 function by chemical inhibitor fumitremorgin C also inhibited cell proliferation via the prolonged G0/G1 interval. Taken together, these findings suggest that ABCG2 correlates with cell cycle progression, highlighting a novel function of ABCG2 in cancer cell proliferation.