bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rf‐GDOES analysis of composite metal/ceramic electroplated coatings with nano‐ to microceramic particles' size: issues in plasma sputtering of Ni/micro‐SiC coatings
Authors: Lanzutti A. , Marin E. , Lekka M. , Chapon P. , Fedrizzi L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNi matrix composite coatings reinforced with nano‐ and microceramic particles were analyzed by radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (Rf‐GDOES). An interesting phenomenon related to the sputtering and excitation modes of this technique was observed. During plasma sputtering with Rf‐GDOES, the micro‐SiC particles were detached from metal matrix and did not contribute to the analytical signals. The same was not found in composite coatings containing nanoceramic particles. This anomalous behavior was confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigation and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations into Rf‐GDOES craters that showed the presence of residual non‐sputtered microparticles. Various attempts were done in order to minimize this problem, mainly by varying the analysis parameters of the used instrumentation, but without any relevant success. Some suggestions were then proposed for explaining the observed phenomenon, moreover possible solutions (e.g. by using a strong magnetic field or changing plasma gas to be more energetic) are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tackling frontal lobe–related functions in PKU through functional brain imaging: a Stroop task in adult patients
Authors: Sundermann Benedikt , Pfleiderer Bettina , Möller Harald E. , Schwindt Wolfram , Weglage Josef , Lepsien Jöran , Feldmann Reinhold 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundProfound mental retardation in phenylketonuria (PKU) can be prevented by a low phenylalanine (Phe) diet. However, even patients treated early have inconsistently shown deficits in several frontal lobe–related neuropsychological tasks such as the widely accepted Stroop task. The goal of this study was to investigate whether adult patients exhibit altered brain activation in Stroop‐related locations in comparison to healthy controls and if an acute increase in blood Phe levels in patients has an effect on activation patterns.MethodsSeventeen male, early‐treated patients with classic PKU (mean ± SD age: 31.0 ± 5.2 years) and 15 male healthy controls (32.1 ± 6.4 years) were compared using a color‐word matching Stroop task in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study at 3T. Participants were scanned twice, and an oral Phe load (100 mg/kg body weight) was administered to patients prior to one of the fMRI sessions (placebo‐controlled). Activity in brain regions that are known to be involved in Stroop tasks was assessed.ResultsPKU patients exhibited poorer accuracy in incongruent trials. Reaction times were not significantly different. There were no consistent differences in BOLD activations in Stroop‐associated brain regions. The oral Phe administration had no significant effect on brain activity.ConclusionsNeither a generally slower task performance nor distinctively altered functioning of brain networks involved in a task representing a subset of dopamine‐dependent executive functions could be proven. Decreased accuracy and inconsistent findings in posterior areas necessitate further study of frontal‐lobe functioning in PKU patients in larger study samples.
Ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy of breast lesions
Authors: Apesteguía Luis , Pina Luis Javier 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Objective
To review the role of ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy (CNB) in the management of breast lesions.

Methods
Review of the most relevant literature on this topic.

Results
This technique shows a high sensitivity value of about 97.5% and it offers many advantages over other imaging techniques to guide a biopsy: non-ionising radiation, low cost, full control of the needle in real time, accessibility in difficult locations, multidirectional punctures and excellent comfort for patients and radiologists. All of these advantages have made this technique the most widespread used to perform a biopsy for a suspicious breast lesion. The most important limitation is the failure to perform a biopsy for lesions that are not seen on ultrasound. An adequate radiological–pathological correlation is necessary to minimise the false-negative results.

Conclusion
Ultrasound-guided CNB has proven to be a reliable technique for performing a biopsy for breast lesions that can be clearly seen on ultrasound.
Biologically inspired motion synthesis method of two-legged robot with compliant feet
Authors: Zielinska Teresa , Chmielniak Andrzej 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThis work presents biologically inspired method of gait generation. It uses the reference to the periodic signals generated by biological central pattern generator. The coupled oscillators with correction functions are used to produce leg joint trajectories. The human gait is the reference pattern. The features of generated gait are compared to the human walk. The spring-loaded foot design is presented together with experimental results.
Feeding, growth, and nutrition in children with congenitally malformed hearts
Authors: Medoff-Cooper Barbara , Naim Maryam , Torowicz Deborah , Mott Antonio 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn the United States of America, approximately 40,000 infants are born annually with congenitally malformed hearts. Children with defects that require complex surgical palliation, or definitive repair, face many challenges in achieving optimal short-term and long-term growth. The presence of associated chromosomal abnormalities, cyanosis, and cardiac failure adds to the complexity and challenge. In this review, we address three themes related to feeding, growth, and nutrition of infants after neonatal cardiac surgery: nutritional challenges after chylothorax; breastfeeding after surgery; and the challenges of feeding after discharge. Chylothorax is a rare complication following cardiothoracic surgery in children. Children with chylothorax have nutritional depletion secondary to protein losses in chylous fluid, hypovolaemia, and electrolyte losses. In spite of the evidence supporting the use of human milk and breastfeeding in preterm infants, barriers to its use appear to persist in infants with critical cardiac disease. Yet, human milk is the preferred form of nutrition for well, preterm, or ill infants. It is well documented that after complex neonatal cardiac surgery medical teams and families struggle with infant feeding problems. Parents have described feeding their children as difficult, time consuming, and anxiety producing. Medical complications such as chylothorax, limited access to human milk, and parental concerns and stress about feeding are but three of the myriad of factors that may contribute to poor outcomes regarding nutrition and growth. Compelling evidence exists that this multi-factorial problem must be addressed with both physiological and behavioural strategies.
Women have Farther to Fall: Gender Differences Between Normal Elderly and Alzheimer's Disease in Verbal Memory Engender Better Detection of Alzheimer's Disease in Women
Authors: Chapman Robert M. , Mapstone Mark , Gardner Margaret N. , Sandoval Tiffany C. , McCrary John W. , Guillily Maria D. , Reilly Lindsey A. , DeGrush Elizabeth 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe analyzed verbal episodic memory learning and recall using the Logical Memory (LM) subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III to determine how gender differences in AD compare to those seen in normal elderly and whether or not these differences impact assessment of AD. We administered the LM to both an AD and a Control group, each comprised of 21 men and 21 women, and found a large drop in performance from normal elders to AD. Of interest was a gender interaction whereby the women's scores dropped 1.6 times more than the men's did. Control women on average outperformed Control men on every aspect of the test, including immediate recall, delayed recall, and learning. Conversely, AD women tended to perform worse than AD men. Additionally, the LM achieved perfect diagnostic accuracy in discriminant analysis of AD versus Control women, a statistically significantly higher result than for men. The results indicate the LM is a more powerful and reliable tool in detecting AD in women than in men. (JINS, 2011, 17, 654–662)
‘Say it with Georges Auric’: Film Music and theesprit nouveau
Authors: ROUST COLIN 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAlthough he composed more than 120 film scores during his career, Georges Auric (1899–1983) did not compose his first until well after his thirtieth birthday. However, as a disciple of Guillaume Apollinaire'sesprit nouveauhe was interested in the genre much earlier. Between 1919 and 1928 he published three pieces of film music criticism that are couched in the rhetoric of Apollinaire and Jean Cocteau. In 1931 he composed his second film score, for René Clair's 1931 filmA Nous, la Liberté!Although the music was composed after theesprit nouveaumovement had effectively faded away, it is one of the clearest examples of that aesthetic. Because of the extraordinary collaborative relationship between Clair and Auric, the film also presents one of the most striking early solutions to the problem of how sound could be incorporated into the artistic rhetoric of silent cinema.
Aidaand Nine Readings of Empire
Authors: Locke Ralph P. 
Published: April 2011

What influence did contemporary attitudes towards empire and towards ‘Other’ peoples exert on musical works, especially when those peoples were perceived as being of a different race?The answer surely varies with the genre and also with the complexity of the given work. The late Edward Said – the most prominent and controversial figure in cultural critique of this sort – put it well: a work that is ‘rich in … aesthetic intellectual complexity’ must not be treated as if it were a crudely ‘jingoistic ditty’ – or, for the present context, a racist one. Said's specific example of a complex literary work, in that passage from his important bookCulture and Imperialism, is Jane Austen'sMansfield Park, with its occasional, resonant references to a sugar plantation in the Caribbean and thus also to the British slave trade.1The problem becomes even more intense in music (of equivalent aesthetic complexity). Instrumental works are particularly difficult to interrogate on any ‘extra-musical’ basis, for an obvious and much-discussed reason: the relative inability of music, without verbal or visual anchors, to denotate and to narrate.2
Encouragement from an Unexpected Source: Louis Antoine Jullien, Mid-Century American Composers, and George Frederick Bristow'sJullien Symphony
Authors: Preston Katherine K. 
Published: April 2011

In the spring of 1856, the critic Émile Girac published a review of George Frederick Bristow's Symphony No. 2, theJullien Symphony, inThe Albion.What he wrote is revealing; it reads in part:But do you know how much is expressed by those two little words theJullien Symphony?They mean simply that Jullien did more for Concert music in three months, than the Philharmonic Society has accomplished since Mr. U.C. Hill created it and brought it before the world. [Jullien] gave us Mozart, Beethoven, and Mendelssohn, as we have never heard them interpreted in New York. He taught us the art of shades and effects in music …. He [also] revealed to us the powers of Bristow, Fry, and Eisfeld, and did far more for their reputation than was ever done by the Society, which owed so much at least to the first and last of these noble and courageous musicians. … [T]his is the true meaning of Bristow's symphony.
Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Oil Palm Fruit Mesocarp Maturation, Ripening, and Functional Specialization in Lipid and Carotenoid Metabolism
Authors: Tranbarger Timothy J. , Dussert Stéphane , Joët Thierry , Argout Xavier , Summo Marilyne , Champion Antony , Cros David , Omore Alphonse , Nouy Bruno , Morcillo Fabienne 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFruit provide essential nutrients and vitamins for the human diet. Not only is the lipid-rich fleshy mesocarp tissue of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) fruit the main source of edible oil for the world, but it is also the richest dietary source of provitamin A. This study examines the transcriptional basis of these two outstanding metabolic characters in the oil palm mesocarp. Morphological, cellular, biochemical, and hormonal features defined key phases of mesocarp development. A 454 pyrosequencing-derived transcriptome was then assembled for the developmental phases preceding and during maturation and ripening, when high rates of lipid and carotenoid biosynthesis occur. A total of 2,629 contigs with differential representation revealed coordination of metabolic and regulatory components. Further analysis focused on the fatty acid and triacylglycerol assembly pathways and during carotenogenesis. Notably, a contig similar to the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed oil transcription factor WRINKLED1 was identified with a transcript profile coordinated with those of several fatty acid biosynthetic genes and the high rates of lipid accumulation, suggesting some common regulatory features between seeds and fruits. We also focused on transcriptional regulatory networks of the fruit, in particular those related to ethylene transcriptional and GLOBOSA/PISTILLATA-like proteins in the mesocarp and a central role for ethylene-coordinated transcriptional regulation of type VII ethylene response factors during ripening. Our results suggest that divergence has occurred in the regulatory components in this monocot fruit compared with those identified in the dicot tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fleshy fruit model.
ArabidopsisABERRANT PEROXISOME MORPHOLOGY9 Is a Peroxin That Recruits the PEX1-PEX6 Complex to Peroxisomes
Authors: Goto Shino , Mano Shoji , Nakamori Chihiro , Nishimura Mikio 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPeroxisomes have pivotal roles in several metabolic processes, such as the detoxification of H2O2 and β-oxidation of fatty acids, and their functions are tightly regulated by multiple factors involved in peroxisome biogenesis, including protein transport. This study describes the isolation of an embryonic lethal Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, aberrant peroxisome morphology9 (apem9), which is compromised in protein transport into peroxisomes. The APEM9 gene was found to encode an unknown protein. Compared with apem9 having the nucleotide substitution, the knockdown mutants showed severe defects in peroxisomal functions and plant growth. We showed that expression of APEM9 altered PEROXIN6 (PEX6) subcellular localization from the cytosol to peroxisomes. In addition, we showed that PEX1 and PEX6 comprise a heterooligomer and that this complex was recruited to peroxisomal membranes via protein–protein interactions of APEM9 with PEX6. These findings show that APEM9 functions as an anchoring protein, similar to Pex26 in mammals and Pex15p in yeast. Interestingly, however, the identities of amino acids among these anchoring proteins are quite low. These results indicate that although the association of the PEX1-PEX6 complex with peroxisomal membranes is essential for peroxisomal functions, the protein that anchors this complex evolved uniquely in plants.
Identification of Novel Plant Peroxisomal Targeting Signals by a Combination of Machine Learning Methods and in Vivo Subcellular Targeting Analyses
Authors: Lingner Thomas , Kataya Amr R. , Antonicelli Gerardo E. , Benichou Aline , Nilssen Kjersti , Chen Xiong-Yan , Siemsen Tanja , Morgenstern Burkhard , Meinicke Peter , Reumann Sigrun 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In the postgenomic era, accurate prediction tools are essential for identification of the proteomes of cell organelles. Prediction methods have been developed for peroxisome-targeted proteins in animals and fungi but are missing specifically for plants. For development of a predictor for plant proteins carrying peroxisome targeting signals type 1 (PTS1), we assembled more than 2500 homologous plant sequences, mainly from EST databases. We applied a discriminative machine learning approach to derive two different prediction methods, both of which showed high prediction accuracy and recognized specific targeting-enhancing patterns in the regions upstream of the PTS1 tripeptides. Upon application of these methods to the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, 392 gene models were predicted to be peroxisome targeted. These predictions were extensively tested in vivo, resulting in a high experimental verification rate of Arabidopsis proteins previously not known to be peroxisomal. The prediction methods were able to correctly infer novel PTS1 tripeptides, which even included novel residues. Twenty-three newly predicted PTS1 tripeptides were experimentally confirmed, and a high variability of the plant PTS1 motif was discovered. These prediction methods will be instrumental in identifying low-abundance and stress-inducible peroxisomal proteins and defining the entire peroxisomal proteome of Arabidopsis and agronomically important crop plants.
Regulation of the adaptor molecule LAT2, an in vivo target gene of AML1/ETO (RUNX1/RUNX1T1), during myeloid differentiation
Authors: Duque‐Afonso Jesús , Solari Leticia , Essig Aitomi , Berg Tobias , Pahl Heike L. , Lübbert Michael 
Published: April 2011

SummaryThe leukaemia‐specific fusion oncoprotein RUNX1/RUNX1T1 (AML1/ETO), resulting from the chromosomal translocation (8;21) in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), imposes a striking genotype–phenotype relationship upon this distinct subtype of AML, which is mediated by multiple, co‐ordinate downstream effects induced by this chimeric transcription factor. We previously identified the LAT2 gene, encoding the adaptor molecule LAT2 (NTAL, LAB), which is phosphorylated by KIT and has a role in mast cell and B‐cell activation, as a target of the repressor activity of RUNX1/RUNX1T1. These results were confirmed and extended by demonstrating downregulation of the LAT2 protein in response to conditional RUNX1/RUNX1T1 expression, and its absence in primary AML with the t(8;21). In contrast, in a cohort of 43 AML patients, higher levels of LAT2 were associated with myelomonocytic features. Differentiation of HL‐60 and NB4 cells towards granulocytes by all trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA) resulted in downregulation of LAT2; conversely, it was upregulated during phorbol ester‐induced monocytic differentiation of HL‐60 cells. Forced expression of LAT2 in Kasumi‐1 cells resulted in a striking block of ATRA‐ and phorbol ester‐induced differentiation, implicating disturbances of the graded expression of this adaptor molecule in the maturation block of myeloid leukaemia cells.
Role of immune responses in the pathogenesis of low‐risk MDS and high‐risk MDS: implications for immunotherapy
Authors: Aggarwal Shikhar , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. , Alhan Canan , Ossenkoppele Gert J. , Westers Theresia M. , Bontkes Hetty J. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryThe myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) constitute a group of heterogeneous clonal haemopoietic stem cell disorders, characterized by ineffective and dysplastic haematopoiesis with varying degrees of peripheral cytopenia. Low‐risk MDS is characterized by increased apoptosis in the bone marrow (BM) with autoimmune characteristics whereas the advanced or high‐risk stages involve immune evasion and secondary DNA damage, giving cells growth potential to progress into acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Nevertheless, the causes of MDS remain poorly defined and it is not clear how the disease progresses from an early stage to advanced MDS and AML. Although there are clear indications for a role of the immune system, the exact mechanism by which the immune response contributes to the progression is not yet clear. New insights into the pathophysiology of MDS with regard to the immune system will be instrumental for the development of novel patient‐oriented therapies. This review is focused on the role of immune responses in MDS and the implications for the development of novel immune therapies.
Importance of B cell co-stimulation in CD4+ T cell differentiation: X-linked agammaglobulinaemia, a human model
Authors: Martini H , Enright V , Perro M , Workman S , Birmelin J , Giorda E , Quinti I , Lougaris V , Baronio M , Warnatz K , Grimbacher B 
Published: April 2011

SummaryWe were interested in the question of whether the congenital lack of B cells actually had any influence on the development of the T cell compartment in patients with agammaglobulinaemia. Sixteen patients with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) due to mutations in Btk, nine patients affected by common variable immune deficiency (CVID) with &lt;2% of peripheral B cells and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The T cell phenotype was determined with FACSCalibur and CellQuest Pro software. Mann–Whitney two-tailed analysis was used for statistical analysis. The CD4 T cell memory compartment was reduced in patients with XLA of all ages. This T cell subset encompasses both CD4+CD45RO+ and CD4+CD45RO+CXCR5+ cells and both subsets were decreased significantly when compared to healthy controls: P = 0·001 and P &lt; 0·0001, respectively. This observation was confirmed in patients with CVID who had &lt;2% B cells, suggesting that not the lack of Bruton's tyrosine kinase but the lack of B cells is most probably the cause of the impaired CD4 T cell maturation. We postulate that this defect is a correlate of the observed paucity of germinal centres in XLA. Our results support the importance of the interplay between B and T cells in the germinal centre for the activation of CD4 T cells in humans.
No causal relationship between Yersinia enterocolitica infection and autoimmune thyroid disease: evidence from a prospective study
Authors: Effraimidis G , Tijssen J G P , Strieder T G A , Wiersinga W M 
Published: April 2011

Summary
The objective of this study was to evaluate prospectively the relationship between Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) infection and the development of overt autoimmune hypo- or hyperthyroidism (study A) and the de novo occurrence of thyroid antibodies (study B). This was a prospective cohort study of 790 euthyroid women who were first- or second-degree relatives of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) patients. Follow-up was 5 years, with annual assessments. Study A was a nested case–control study in which YE serological status was measured between cases {subjects who developed overt hypothyroidism [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) &gt; 5·7 mU/l and free T4 (FT4) &lt; 9·3 pmol/l] or overt hyperthyroidism (TSH &lt; 0·4 mU/l and FT4 &gt; 20·1 pmol/l)} and matched controls. For study B, 388 euthyroid women without thyroid antibodies at baseline were enrolled. The YE serological status was compared between subjects who developed thyroid peroxidase (TPO)-antibodies and/or thyroglobulin (Tg)-antibodies at 4-year follow-up and those who remained negative. For study A, the proportion of subjects positive for Yersinia enterocolitica outer membrane protein (YOP) immunoglobulin (Ig)G or YOP IgA did not differ between cases and controls at baseline. One year before the development of overt hypo- or hyperthyroidism, the proportion of subjects with YOP IgG was not different between cases and controls, but YOP IgA were less prevalent in cases. For study B, de novo occurrence of TPO (or TPO-antibodies and/or Tg-antibodies) did not differ between subjects in whom YOP IgG were positive or negative at baseline. Neither persistence nor emergence of YOP IgG at 4-year follow-up was associated with the occurrence of TPO-antibodies or Tg-antibodies. Similar results were observed with respect to YOP IgA. YE infection does not contribute to an increased risk of thyroid autoimmunity.