bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the demonstration of innovative solvent extraction processes for the recovery of trivalent minor actinides from PUREX raffinate
Authors: Modolo G. , Wilden A. , Geist A. , Magnusson D. , Malmbeck R. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The selective partitioning (P) of long-lived minor actinides fromhighly active waste solutions and their transmutation (T) to short-lived or stable isotopes by nuclear reactions will reduce the long-term hazard of the high-level waste and significantly shorten the time needed to ensure their safe confinement in a repository. The present paper summarizes the on-going research activities at Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) and Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU) in the field of actinide partitioning using innovative solvent extraction processes. European research over the last few decades, i.e. in the NEWPART, PARTNEW and EUROPART programmes, has resulted in the development of multi-cycle processes for minor actinide partitioning. These multi-cycle processes are based on the co-separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides (e.g. by the DIAMEX process), followed by the subsequent actinide(III)/lanthanide(III) group separation in the SANEX process. The current direction of research for the development of innovative processes within the recent European ACSEPT project is discussed additionally.
This paper is focused on the development of flow-sheets for recovery of americium and curium from highly active waste solutions. The flow-sheets are verified by demonstration processes, in centrifugal contactors, using synthetic or genuine fuel solutions. The feasibility of the processes is also discussed.
Effect of crystal size on purity of uranyl nitrate hexahydrate crystalline particles grown in nitric acid medium
Authors: Nakahara M. , Nomura K. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Crystal washing experiments were carried out using a uranyl nitrate solution in order to confirm the effect of uranyl nitrate hexahydrate (UNH) crystalline particle size on the removal of liquid impurities. The UNH crystal was immersed in a Ce solution and was washed for removing the mother liquor on the surface of the UNH crystals. Larger UNH crystals were advantageous for increasing the decontamination factors (DFs) of liquid impurities. The large crystal size reduced the specific surface area of the crystals which in turn decreased the adhesion of liquid impurities on the surface of the crystals. Therefore, high DFs of liquid impurities were achieved before and after washing. In the crystallization experiments, the DFs of metals for the UNH crystal were evaluated using a dissolver solution derived from irradiated fast neutron reactor core fuel. The UNH crystal size did not affect the decontamination of solid impurities such as Ba and Np even after crystal washing in the U crystallization experiments.
Nanostructured epitaxial thin films of Fe-based superconductors with enhanced superconducting properties
Authors: Mele P. , Matsumoto K. , Nagayoshi H. , Fujita K. , Yoshida Y. , Ichino Y. , Kiss T. , Ichinose A. , Mukaida M. , Maiorov B. , Balakirev F.F. , Baily S.A. , Civale L. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTEpitaxial Fe-Te-Se thin films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition at 250 ~ 600 °C on SrTiO3 (100, STO), MgO (100), LaAlO3 (100, LAO) and CaF2 (100) single crystal substrates. Best superconducting film was grown on CaF2: Tconset = 20.0 K and Tc0 = 16.18 K with Tdep = 300 °C, 45000 pulses, 3 Hz. The critical current density Jc at 4.2 K was 0.41×106A/cm2 at 0 T and 0.23×106 A/cm2 at 9 T. Angular dependence of Jc showed broad c-axis correlated peak when B ≥ 3 T.
Osseous Void in the Posterior Mandible: An Unusual Complication During Implant Placement
Authors: Tsourounakis Ioannis , Palaiologou Angela A. , Hienz Stefan 
Published: August 2012

Introduction: Dental implants are a very predictable treatment to restore missing teeth. However, various complications may occur during implant placement. Displacement of an implant is a rarely occurring complication.Case Presentation: This case report describes the displacement of a dental implant in the corpus of the mandible during implant surgery. The management of such a complication is also discussed. After its displacement, the implant was retrieved and the bone was allowed to heal before a second implant placement was planned.Conclusions: Dental implants are proven to be a safe and predictable treatment; however, certain complications are possible, but rare. Thorough treatment planning with the use of the appropriate imaging tools, as described in this report, can help reduce the incidence of complications.
A Case Report Using Regenerative Therapy for Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Schallhorn Robert G. 
Published: August 2012

Introduction: Control of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is considered to be less predictable than that of chronic periodontitis because of its complex etiology and possible esthetic complications. This case report uses combined regenerative techniques in conjunction with antimicrobial therapy to control and reverse the disease by regaining lost tissues and enhanced esthetics.Case Presentation: This patient presented with advanced generalized AgP (GAgP) coupled with tooth splaying, adverse esthetics, and ulcerative colitis. After evaluation, additional diagnostic measures, and consultation with her gastroenterologist, an aggressive treatment plan was pursued to regenerate lost tissues, eliminate pathogens, and help her maintain oral health. Her response was favorable with elimination of the multiple osseous defects and esthetic improvement with elevated self‐esteem. The result was maintained for 12 years.Conclusions: This case report presents the successful management of a 27‐year‐old female with GAgP. The treatment provided was evidence based, which included a combined regenerative approach in conjunction with both systemic antimicrobial and conventional therapies and subsequent maintenance care for 12 years. Of particular interest was the enhancement to prognosis effected through regeneration, which is in contrast to other approaches that strictly focus on arresting the disease and as such may lead to recession and diminished esthetics.
Effect of 980-nm diode laser–aided circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy on fluorosed root surfaces
Authors: Dhingra Kunaal , Vandana Kharidhi Laxman , Girish Polavaram Vasudeva , Cobb Charles 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate and compare the root surface morphological changes after 980-nm diode laser–aided circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy (CSF) on fluorosed and non-fluorosed teeth.

Materials and Methods:
The sample comprised 27 orthodontic patients (14 males and 13 females; mean age  =  17.3 years) with and without fluorosis, from whom 40 fluorosed and 40 non-fluorosed premolar teeth were extracted for orthodontic reasons. Conventional (control group) and laser-aided (experimental group) CSF was performed on fluorosed and non-fluorosed teeth indicated for orthodontic extraction, using a scalpel and a 980-nm diode laser at 2.5 W power, respectively. Subsequently, teeth were extracted, sectioned, and examined by scanning electron microscope to assess the ultrastructural changes.

Results:
There were differences in surface morphology among fluorosed and non-fluorosed roots in the control group. The root specimens of both fluorosed and non-fluorosed teeth irradiated by diode laser exhibited no evidence of smear layer, laser-induced pitting or cavitation, linear cuts/markings, carbonization of surface, and heat-induced surface cracking. However, a glazed or slightly melted appearance was observed in root specimens of fluorosed teeth after diode laser irradiation.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that the diode laser–aided CSF procedure is free from thermal hazard on non-fluorosed root surfaces but may provoke some thermal changes on fluorosed root surfaces.
Cooking Creoleness: Lafcadio Hearn in New Orleans and Martinique
Authors: Loichot Valérie 
Published: August 2012

Martinican creolist Raphaël Confiant claims in an unabashed praise of Lafcadio Hearn that the nineteenth century writer “invented what today we might call ‘multiple identity’ or ‘creoleness’ [créolité].” Critic Chris Bongie notes that the word “creolization” appeared for the first time in the English language in Hearn’s 1890 novel Youma. In a letter written to his friend Henry Krehbel in 1883, Hearn himself announces this allegiance to all things creole as he signs “your creolized friend.” These comments identify the nineteenth century thinker not only as a precursor of creoleness, but more importantly, and also surprisingly, as a forerunner of both creoleness and creolization, two related terms that are philosophically unlike in Martinican thought.
Stability of Aflatoxins in Solution
Authors: Diaz Gonzalo J , Cepeda Sandra M , Martos Perry A 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The stability of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 was studied in solutions containing different concentrations of water, acetonitrile, and/or methanol, and in autosampler vials treated with nitric acid or silanized. When stored at room temperature (20°C) for 24 h, aflatoxins G1 and G2 were stable only in solutions containing 100% organic solvent, whereas aflatoxins B1 and B2 were stable in solutions of methanol–water and acetonitrile–water at greater than 60 and 40% organic content, respectively. At 5°C, aflatoxins G1 and G2 showed a significant decrease in concentration only when kept in less than 20% aqueous organic solvent. Significant loss of aflatoxins was realized in standard, commercially available amber type I borosilicate autosampler vials, but chemical etching of the vials with nitric acid or with silanization prevented aflatoxin degradation. These results indicate that aflatoxins are unstable in aqueous solutions and that this instability can be counteracted by the presence of at least 20% organic solvent and keeping the solutions at 5°C or by the use of treated vials.
Rapid Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Six Ionophores in Feed by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Vudathala Daljit , Murphy Lisa 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A simple and highly sensitive LC/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of six ionophores—lasalocid, monensin, laidlomycin, maduramycin, salinomycin, and narasin—in feed. The procedure involved extraction of 1 g of feed with 4 mL of methanol–water (9 + 1, v/v) by shaking on a platform shaker for 45 min. After centrifugation, the extracts were diluted with methanol–water (75 + 25, v/v) and analyzed without any cleanup. The analysis was performed on a Betasil C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm id, 5 μm particle size) connected to an LC/MS system operated in the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mode. We believe this to be the first method that uses the APCI mode for the analysis of ionophores. The mobile phase consisted of 50 mM ammonium acetate as solvent A and acetonitrile–methanol (7 + 3, v/v) as solvent B in a gradient run. Excellent recoveries of 81–120% were found for all compounds at fortification levels of 1–200 μg/g, with RSD ≤15% (except 17% for maduramycin at 2 and 5 μg/g, and 16% for salinomycin at 1 μg/g). At 0.5 μg/g, recoveries of 87–119% were obtained, with RSD ≤20%. However, recovery of lasalocid was 133% and salinomycin 79% in sow and horse feed, respectively. Average RSD values of lasalocid and salinomycin were 22 and 21%, respectively. Finally, proficiency test samples analyzed with the method demonstrated favorable agreement with the certified values.
Quality Assessment of Fructus xanthii Based on Fingerprinting Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Yang Liu , Su Zhijun , Zeng Xing , Li Xiong , Wu Zhifeng , Xu Shunjun , Yan Yuzhen 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Because almost every traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a multicomponent system, QC of TCMs always involves various difficulties. As a current popular quality assessment approach, focusing on qualitative and quantitative analysis of certain compounds contained in herbal medicine has been widely used for the sake of expediency rather than being a practical and realistic way. However, this method does not take the existence of other constituents into account. Comparatively, the chromatographic fingerprint of the components is a more suitable approach to holistically assess the quality of herbal drugs. Fructus xanthii is a well-known herbal drug listed in all editions of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, there is no quality evaluation method given in its monograph, even for the above-mentioned expediency. This paper reports an HPLC fingerprinting method for quality evaluation of F. xanthii. The HPLC profiles of 27 batches of commercial samples were further analyzed using chemometric methods, including similarity evaluation and principal component analysis. As a result, the established HPLC fingerprint contained 23 characteristic peaks; therein, 13 peaks were unambiguously assigned by comparing their retention times and UV spectra with those of reference compounds, and five peaks were tentatively identified on the basis of their MS/MS fragmentation patterns and UV spectra. Moreover, it could be clearly observed that caffeoylquinic acid and its analogs predominate in F. xanthii. Except for three samples identified as outliers, 24 other commercial samples displayed similar HPLC profiles, indicating that the quality of the herbs from different markets is stable and consistent.
Structure Elucidation of a Novel Analog of Sildenafil Detected as an Adulterant in a Dietary Supplement Using LC-UV and LC/MS
Authors: Sakamoto Miho , Moriyasu Takako , Minowa Keiko , Kishimoto Kiyoko , Kadoi Hideo , Hamano Tomoko , Fukaya Haruhiko 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A sildenafil-related compound was detected in a dietary supplement marketed as an aphrodisiac. The compound was detected during analysis of the dietary supplement using LC-UV and LC/electrospray ionization-MS. The structure of the compound was established using high resolution MS, NMR spectrometry, and X-ray crystal structure analysis. The compound was identified as 5-(5-((3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)-2-ethoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-7-((1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)thio)-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d] pyrimidine. Based on this structure, the compound was named nitroprodenafil. The dietary supplement was found to contain 90 mg nitroprodenafil/capsule.
Determination of Myo-Inositol (Free and Bound as Phosphatidylinositol) in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals by Liquid Chromatography/Pulsed Amperometry with Column Switching: First Action 2011.18
Authors: Schimpf Karen , Thompson Linda , Baugh Steve 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Myo-inositol is a 6-carbon cyclic polyalcohol also known as meso-inositol, meat sugar, inosite, and i-inositol. It occurs in nature in both free (myo-inositol) and bound (inositol phosphates and phosphatidylinositol) forms. For the determination of free myo-inositol, samples are mixed with dilute hydrochloric acid to extract myo-inositol and precipitate proteins, diluted with water, and filtered. For the determination of myo-inositol bound as phosphatidylinositol, samples are extracted with chloroform, isolated from other fats with silica SPE cartridges, and hydrolyzed with concentrated acid to free myo-inositol. Prepared samples are first injected onto a Dionex CarboPac PA1 column, which separates myo-inositol from other late-eluting carbohydrates. After column switching, myo-inositol is further separated on a CarboPac MA1 column using a 0.12% sodium hydroxide mobile phase; strongly retained carbohydrates are eluted from the PA1 column with a 3% sodium hydroxide mobile phase. Eluant from the CarboPac MA1 analytical column passes through an electrochemical detector cell where myo-inositol is detected by pulsed amperometry using a gold electrode. The method showed appropriate performance characteristics versus selected established standard method performance requirement parameters for the determination of myo-inositol: linear response; repeatability (RSDr) of 2%; and intermediate precision (RSDir) of 2.5%. Instrument LOD and LOQ were 0.0004 and 0.0013 mg/100 mL, respectively, and correspond to a free myo-inositol quantitation limit of 0.026 mg/100 g and a phosphatidylinositol quantitation limit of 0.016 mg/100 g. Correlation with the reference microbiological assay was good. The proposed method has been accepted by the Expert Review Panel as an AOAC First Action Method, suitable for the routine determination of myo-inositol in infant formula and adult nutritionals.
Steering the Growth of Metal Ad‐particles via Interface Interactions Between a MgO Thin Film and a Mo Support
Authors: Benedetti Stefania , Stavale Fernando , Valeri Sergio , Noguera Claudine , Freund Hans‐Joachim , Goniakowski Jacek , Nilius Niklas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe coincidence lattice formed between a crystalline MgO film and a Mo(001) support is found to be an ideal template to produce long‐range ordered ensembles of Fe and Cr particles for electronic, magnetic and chemical applications. The structural and electronic properties of this super‐lattice are analyzed by means of scanning tunnelling microscopy and density functional theory. The different registers of atoms at the interface induce periodic changes in the MgO lattice parameter, in the metal‐oxide binding length, and the workfunction. These variations modulate the adsorption landscape for Cr and Fe atoms and give rise to the observed ordering phenomena. Preferred nucleation and growth is revealed in those regions of the coincidence lattice that have a small lattice mismatch with the ad‐particles and enable electron‐transfer processes with the support.
Porous Electrode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries – How to Prepare Them and What Makes Them Special
Authors: Vu Anh , Qian Yuqiang , Stein Andreas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNumerous benefits of porous electrode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been demonstrated, including examples of higher rate capabilities, better cycle lives, and sometimes greater gravimetric capacities at a given rate compared to nonporous bulk materials. These properties promise advantages of porous electrode materials for LIBs in electric and hybrid electric vehicles, portable electronic devices, and stationary electrical energy storage. This review highlights methods of synthesizing porous electrode materials by templating and template‐free methods and discusses how the structural features of porous electrodes influence their electrochemical properties. A section on electrochemical properties of porous electrodes provides examples that illustrate the influence of pore and wall architecture and interconnectivity, surface area, particle morphology, and nanocomposite formation on the utilization of the electrode materials, specific capacities, rate capabilities, and structural stability during lithiation and delithiation processes. Recent applications of porous solids as components for three‐dimensionally interpenetrating battery architectures are also described.
Tunable Nanoporous Network Polymer Nanocomposites having Size‐Selective Ion Transfer for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Park Sung‐Hae , Lim Jongchul , Kwon Young Soo , Song In Young , Choi Jong Min , Song Seulki , Park Taiho 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNanoporous network polymer nanocomposites with tunable pore size for size‐dependent selective ion transport are successfully prepared via the surface‐induced cross‐linking polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) on the surfaces of nanocrystalline TiO2 particles. The morphologies of the porous network polymer layer and nanopores were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) experiments. The porous layer size‐selectively screened the ions that contacted the nanocrystalline TiO2 particles, as demonstrated by ion conductivity measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS).
Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength in subjects of Han ethnicity: Impact of sex and age
Authors: Zhao Dapeng , Li Baoguo , Yu Keli , Zheng Lianbin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe ratio of the length of the second finger to the fourth finger (2D:4D) is considered to be a putative proxy of prenatal exposure to testosterone, and has been increasingly used as a promising tool to evaluate the impact of prenatal androgenization in humans in such traits as physical performance. In this study, for the first time, we present 2D:4D data on adult participants of Han ethnicity. We consider the sexual dimorphism of 2D:4D and handgrip strength, and also report the relationship between 2D:4D and handgrip strength of males and females. The sample consisted of 54 males and 55 females recruited from a remote village in the Qinling Mountains, China. We found sexual dimorphism of both 2D:4D and handgrip strength, i.e., males had lower 2D:4D and right‐left 2D:4D than females and greater handgrip strength than females. There was a sex‐specific correlation between 2D:4D and handgrip strength, i.e., 2D:4D in the right hand was negatively correlated with handgrip strength in males but not in females. This relationship may be driven by sexual selection operating on fetal programming. Am J Phys Anthropol 149:266–271, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A “Renaissance” in Radical Trifluoromethylation
Authors: Studer Armido 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis Minireview highlights recent developments in radical trifluoromethylation reactions. The trifluoromethyl group belongs to the privileged moieties in medicinal chemistry. Many drugs and drug candidates contain a trifluoromethyl substituent. Also in agrochemicals, the CF3 moiety often appears. The present article addresses the radical trifluoromethylation of alkenes and arenes mainly focussing on recent achievements. However, important earlier work in this field is also covered.
Monitoring the On‐line Titration of Enantiomeric Omeprazole Employing Continuous‐flow Capillary Microcoil 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Hentschel Petra , Holtin Karsten , Steinhauser Lisa , Albert Klaus 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe titration of the (S)‐enantiomer of omeprazole with the (R)‐enantiomer in chloroform‐d1 is monitored by continuous‐flow capillary microcoil 1H NMR spectroscopy employing a microcoil with a detection volume of 1.5 µl. The observed changes of the 1H NMR chemical shifts indicate the formation of a heterochiral (R,S) dimer of omeprazole via its sulfinyl group and the NH group of the benzimidazole ring. Chirality 24:1074–1076, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.