bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of Food‐borne Spoilage and Pathogenic Micro‐organisms on the Surface of a Photoactive Polymer
Authors: Zerdin Katherine , Scully Andrew D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe photodynamic action of a novel photoactive polymer comprising covalently bound anthraquinone (AQ) moieties was evaluated after developing a methodology to reliably immobilize viable micro‐organisms onto polymer film surfaces. The survival of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus (vegetative cells and spores), Fusarium oxysporum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae microbes inoculated on the surface of inert polymeric substrates was assessed to determine the effect of inoculum composition, drying rate and exposure to ultraviolet (UV‐A) radiation. Their survival was highly dependent on microbial genus, with E. coli consistently displaying markedly shorter survival times than the other microbes, and B. cereus spores being the most resistant. Inoculation of the microbes onto the surface of the photoactive polymer films, followed by exposure to UV‐A radiation, dramatically accelerated the inactivation of all microbial types studied compared with their survival on the surface of inert polymer substrates. Simultaneous exposure to both oxygen and UV‐A radiation is required to affect cell survival, which is consistent with this effect most likely originating from the photoinduced production of singlet oxygen by the photoactive polymer. These results provide further compelling evidence that singlet oxygen produced exogenously by this photoactive polymeric substrate can successfully inactivate a broad spectrum of microbes on the substrate’s surface.
Effects of Different Doses of Low Power Continuous Wave He–Ne Laser Radiation on Some Seed Thermodynamic and Germination Parameters, and Potential Enzymes Involved in Seed Germination of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Perveen Rashida , Ali Qasim , Ashraf Muhammad , Al‐Qurainy Fahad , Jamil Yasir , Raza Ahmad Muhammad 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, water‐soaked seeds of sunflower were exposed to He–Ne laser irradiation of different energies to determine whether or not He–Ne laser irradiation caused changes to seed thermodynamic and germination parameters as well as effects on the activities of germination enzymes. The experiment comprised four energy levels: 0 (control), 100, 300 and 500 mJ of laser energy and each treatment replicated four times arranged in a completely randomized design. The experimentation was performed under the greenhouse conditions in the net‐house of the Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The seed thermodynamic parameters were calculated according to seed germination thermograms determined with a calorimeter at 25.8°C for 72 h. Various thermodynamic parameters of seed (ΔH, (ΔS)e, (ΔS)c, (ΔS)e/Δt and (ΔS)c/Δt) were affected significantly due to presowing laser treatment. Significant changes in seed germination parameters and enzyme activities were observed in seeds treated with He–Ne laser. The He–Ne laser seed treatment resulted in increased activities of amylase and protease. These results indicate that the low power continuous wave He–Ne laser light seed treatment has considerable biological effects on seed metabolism. This seed treatment technique can be potentially employed to enhance agricultural productivity.
Cholera between 1991 and 1997 in Mexico Was Associated with Infection by Classical, El Tor, and El Tor Variants of
Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Alam Munirul , Nusrin Suraia , Islam Atiqul , Bhuiyan Nurul A. , Rahim Niaz , Delgado Gabriela , Morales Rosario , Mendez Jose Luis , Navarro Armando , Gil Ana I. , Watanabe Haruo , Morita Masatomo , Nair G. Balakrish , Cravioto Alejandro 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Vibrio cholerae
O1 biotype El Tor (ET), the cause of the current 7th pandemic, has recently been replaced in Asia and Africa by an altered ET biotype possessing cholera toxin (CTX) of the classical (CL) biotype that originally caused the first six pandemics before becoming extinct in the 1980s. Until recently, the ET prototype was the biotype circulating in Peru; a detailed understanding of the evolutionary trend of
V. cholerae
causing endemic cholera in Latin America is lacking. The present retrospective microbiological, molecular, and phylogenetic study of
V. cholerae
isolates recovered in Mexico (
n
= 91; 1983 to 1997) shows the existence of the pre-1991 CL biotype and the ET and CL biotypes together with the altered ET biotype in both epidemic and endemic cholera between 1991 and 1997. According to sero- and biotyping data, the altered ET, which has shown predominance in Mexico since 1991, emerged locally from ET and CL progenitors that were found coexisting until 1997. In Latin America, ET and CL variants shared a variable number of phenotypic markers, while the altered ET strains had genes encoding the CL CTX (CTX
CL
) prophage,
ctxB
CL
and
rstR
CL
, in addition to resident
rstR
ET
, as the underlying regional signature. The distinct regional fingerprints for ET in Mexico and Peru and their divergence from ET in Asia and Africa, as confirmed by subclustering patterns in a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (NotI)-based dendrogram, suggest that the Mexico epidemic in 1991 may have been a local event and not an extension of the epidemics occurring in Asia and South America. Finally, the CL biotype reservoir in Mexico is unprecedented and must have contributed to the changing epidemiology of global cholera in ways that need to be understood.
pfmdr1
Amplification Associated with Clinical Resistance to Mefloquine in West Africa: Implications for Efficacy of Artemisinin Combination Therapies
Authors: Witkowski Benoit , Iriart Xavier , Soh Patrice Njomnang , Menard Sandie , Alvarez Muriel , Naneix-Laroche Veronique , Marchou Bruno , Magnaval Jean-François , Benoit-Vical Françoise , Berry Antoine 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

We describe here a clinical failure in the treatment with mefloquine of acute falciparum malaria contracted in Africa and associated with
in vitro
mefloquine resistance and
pfmdr1
copy number amplification. This case raises the question of the presence and the evolution of this genotype in Africa, which is also known to alter the susceptibility to artemisinin combination therapy (ACT).
Fixed Point Theorems for Suzuki Generalized Nonexpansive Multivalued Mappings in Banach Spaces
Authors: Abkar A , Eslamian M 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the first part of this paper, we prove the existence of common fixed points for a commuting pair consisting of a single-valued and a multivalued mapping both satisfying the Suzuki condition in a uniformly convex Banach space. In this way, we generalize the result of Dhompongsa et al. (2006). In the second part of this paper, we prove a fixed point theorem for upper semicontinuous mappings satisfying the Suzuki condition in strictly "Equation missing" spaces; our result generalizes a recent result of Domínguez-Benavides et al. (2009).
Renal carcinoma infiltrating inferior vena cava and combined valvular heart disease - one-stage uro-cardiological procedure: a case report
Authors: Antoniewicz Artur A , Poletajew Slawomir , Biederman Andrzej , Zapala Lukasz , Borowka Andrzej 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Standard treatment of patients with coexisting cardiac and non-cardiac diseases includes two separate operations. We report a case of 55-year-old man with combined valvular heart disease and renal carcinoma infiltrating inferior caval vein, who underwent one-stage cardio-urologic procedure. In the first step, mitral and tricuspid valvuloplasty were performed by cardiac surgeons. Then, urologists performed radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful. In twelve months follow-up the patient shows no signs of reccurrence and he had no symptoms of cardiac disease. To the best of our knowledge such a case has never been reported before in the literature.
Sustained viral load and late death in Rag2-/- mice after influenza A virus infection
Authors: Wu Haiya , Haist Verena , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Schughart Klaus 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe importance of the adaptive immune response for secondary influenza infections and protection from a lethal challenge after vaccination has been well documented. However, some controversy still exists concerning the specific involvement of B and T cells during a primary infection. Here, we have followed the survival, weight loss, viral load and lung pathology inRag2-/-knock-out mice after infection with influenza A virus (H1N1). Infected wild type mice initially lost weight early after infection but then cleared the virus and recovered.Rag2-/-mice, however, showed similar weight loss kinetics in the early stages after infection but weight loss continued post infection and culminated in death. In contrast to wild type mice,Rag2-/-mice were not able to clear the virus, despite an increased inflammatory response. Furthermore, they did not recruit virus-specific lymphocytes into the lung in the later stages after infection and exhibited sustained pulmonary lesions.
Struma ovarii associated with pseudo-Meigs' syndrome and elevated serum CA 125: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Jiang Wei , Lu Xin , Zhu Zhi Ling , Liu Xi Shi , Xu Cong Jian 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The association of pseudo-Meigs' syndrome, elevation of CA 125 to the struma ovarii is a rare condition. So far only nine cases have been reported in English literature through MEDLINE search. Here we report a 46-year-old case of the struma ovarii, presented with ascites, hydrothorax, right ovarian mass and elevated serum CA 125 level. These findings were misdiagnosed for an ovarian malignancy at the first impression. Immediate resolution of the ascites, hydrothorax and normalization of the serum CA 125 level were followed by ovarian mass removal. Struma ovarii could be a rare cause of ascites, hydrothorax, ovarian mass and elevated CA 125. This rare condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patents with ascites and pleural effusions but with negative cytology.
Chromosome Numbers and Microsporogenesis in Dallisgrass Paspalum Dilatatum Poir1
Authors: Bashaw E. C. , Forbes Ian 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe common type of Paspalum dilatatum and a closely related yellow‐anthered type had 50 chromosomes. Meiosis I was characterized by 20 bivalents and 10 univalents which lagged at anaphase I. A semi‐prostrate, purple‐anthered type had 40 chromosomes and extreme meiotic irregularity, frequently having 20 laggards at anaphase I. A yellow‐anthered, erect type with pubescent spikelets had 40 chromosomes and regular meiotic behavior.
The Effect of Other Species and Mowing Height on Persistence of Lawn Grasses1
Authors: Davis R. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisBentgrass completely dominated mixtures in which it was seeded and spread into other plots. Merion bluegrass and red fescues were more resistant to invasion than common Kentucky bluegrass. Invasion occurred less at mowing height of 2 inches than at ¾ inch.
Leaf Removal in Grain Sorghum. III. Main Culm‐Tiller Relationships1
Authors: Pauli A. W. , Stickler F. C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisGrain yields of main culms of 3 grain sorghum varieties were not significantly influenced by defoliating the tillers, and vice versa. Yield compensation for loss of leaf blade area was restricted to the defoliated culms.
Yields and Percentages of Crude Protein and Moisture of Several Annual Forage Crops as Affected by Harvest Date1
Authors: Wedin W. F. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSpecies exhibiting superior recovery capacity, rape and sudangrass, produced highest drymatter yields. Considering the first cutting only, differences in percent crude protein and dry‐matter yields among crops were highly significant (P=0.01). Harvestdate delay, studied over a 3‐week period, resulted in an approximate 340‐pound‐per‐acre dry matter increase to each percentage point decline in crude protein. Moisture percentages of early‐summer crops decreased more rapidly with advancing maturity than those of late‐summer crops.
Effects of Stand Reduction in Soybeans Simulating Three‐Cornered Alfalfa Hopper Injury1
Authors: Caviness C. E. , Miner F. D. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisReductions in yield due to 3 rates of plant removal (15, 30, and 45%) at 3 stages of plant growth were relatively small. Greatest reduction in yield occurred when plants were removed about 2 weeks after bloom with progressively less reduction being evident at the peak blooming period and about 2 weeks before bloom! An increased number of pods per plant appeared to be the component of yield primarily responsible for this compensation.
Yield and Persistence of Several Legume‐Grass Mixtures as Affected by Cutting Frequency and Nitrogen Fertilization1
Authors: Wolf Dale D. , Smith Dale 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisMixtures containing alfalfa and orchard‐grass were the highest yielding. Mixtures cut 3 times produced higher yields than those cut 5 times. Yields from 5 cuttings were increased more by nitrogen than yields from 3 cuttings. Nitrogen had no influence on yields of alfalfa mixtures cut 3 times, but increased those cut 5 times. Birdsfoot trefoil and ladino clover mixtures were predominately grass, especially when nitrogen was applied.
Effect of Soil Actinomycetes on Strains of Rhizobium japonicum1
Authors: Damirgi Salih M. , Johnson Herbert W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwenty‐four isolates of Actinomycetes were taken from soil of an experimental soybean field. Susceptibility of eight Rhizobium japonicum strains to antimicrobial action of the Actinomycete isolates on yeast extractmannitol agar was tested. Twenty of the isolates produced no inhibition of rhizobia. Isolate E1 antagonized only R. japonicum strain 76 and isolate E8 was antagonistic to all strains. Two other isolates showed slight inhibition of strains 122 and 123.Infectivity of rhizobia on soybean variety Kent was evaluated in the presence of selected Actinomycete isolates. In autoclaved soil, reductions in nodule numbers produced by rhizobial strains were 35% and 53%, when Actinomycete E8 was introduced into the soil at the time of planting and 28 days before planting, respectively. Generally, similar results were obtained in sterilized sand jars.The results suggest that anti‐rhizobial soil microorganisms in a particular soil play a role in the establishment of specific rhizobial strains.
Nitrogen Effect on Leaf Area, Yield, and Nitrogen Uptake of Barley under Moisture Stress1
Authors: Luebs R. E. , Laag A. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo nitrogen and two moisture levels were combined in 4 treatments to study nitrogen and moisture effects on barley grown under moisture stress conditions. Nitrogen was applied at 17 and 68 kg/ha and moisture levels differed by 3.7 surface cm at heading. The higher nitrogen level increased dry matter production during the vegetative growth period. Green leaf area (both sides) reached a maximum of 4.8 times the land area at late jointing and decreased because of moisture stress thereafter. Green leaf area was higher for over a month between late jointing and the soft dough stage with higher nitrogen. This greater transpiring area is suggested as the cause for grain yield decreases with more nitrogen. Increased moisture stress with higher nitrogen was indicated by decreased green to necrotic leaf weight ratios and greater straw to grain weight ratios.Additional applied nitrogen was reflected in increased uptake of nitrogen. However, for a given nitrogen level, nitrogen content was higher at the lower moisture level.The additional 3.7 cm of water at heading increased average barley grain yield 560 kg/ha and increased moisture use efficiency up to 23.3 kg per hectare‐centimeter of water for the growing season.
Castorbean Production as Related to Length of Growing Season. II. Date of Planting Tests1
Authors: Kittock D. L. , Williams J. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractYield of irrigated castorbeans (Ricinus communis L.) in Nebraska was highest when planted the first 2 weeks of May, particularly when Alternaria leaf spot [Alternaria ricini (Yoshii) Hansford] was not a factor in the results. for nonirrigated castorbeans there was little difference in yield for any May plantings. April and June plantings were lower in yield. The time required for emergence was correlated with soil temperature and decreased with later plantings. Total emergence increased from 55% for March planting to 75% for June plantings. Lodging was inversely correlated with hypocotyl diameter within but not between varieties. Weight per 100 seeds in most cases was highest for primary racemes and progressively lower for secondary, tertiary, and quaternary racemes. Seed from racemes, particularly tertiary and quaternary, rapidly decreased in weight with later plantings. A positive and significant correlation coefficient of 0.88 was found between weight per 100 seeds and germination percentage. Seeds from earlier planting dates tend to have higher germination.
Relationship of Temperature to the Development of Calcium Deficiency Symptoms in Nicotiana tabacum1
Authors: Chang S. Y. , Lowe R. H. , Hiatt A. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) was grown in controlled environmental growth chambers at five different temperatures (21, 23, 26, 29, and 30 C) in two separate experiments. Plants grown at 21 and 23 C developed no Ca deficiency symptoms, and only a few plants of genetically susceptible varieties (‘Burley 21’ and Ky Exp 22) developed Ca deficiency symptoms when grown at 26 C. However, these varieties developed very severe Ca deficiency symptoms when grown at either 29 or 30 C. ‘Ky 16’ (nonsusceptible) and ‘Ky 12’ (slightly susceptible) developed slight and severe deficiency symptoms at 29 C. These two varieties were grown only at the 23 and 29 C temperatures.A moderately deficient level of K (0.6 meq/liter) resulted in appreciably less severe development of Ca deficiency symptoms. Differences due to K were slight or not apparent at higher levels of K concentration in the nutrient solutions. However, increasing the level of K nutrition resulted in a decrease in Ca content at all levels of K used.An increase in temperature at which the plants were grown resulted in an increase in Ca accumulation in the stems. Apparently the Ca is being immobilized in the stems at higher temperatures and is failing to reach the meristem and terminal leaves, the critical portion of the plant with respect to Ca deficiency.
Moisture Equilibrium Values for Several Grass and Legume Seeds1
Authors: Harrington James F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe equilibrium moisture contents of seeds of 35 kinds of grasses and legumes were determined for the seed moisture range of 13 to 4%. In comparison with the mean equilibrium moisture values of all seeds tested, the correlation coefficients for every kind of seed tested are highly significant, with r values of .95 to .99. This shows that although a given kind of seed may have a higher or lower moisture content than another kind at a given relative humidity, all kinds of seed tested showed essentially parallel changes in moisture content with changes in relative humidity, at least in the seed moisture range of 13 to 4%. A method is given for using the data presented in forecasting the equilibrium moisture percentage that each kind of seed will reach in a mixture of seeds in a sealed container.
Root and Foliage Growth of Oats at Several Levels of Fertility and Moisture1
Authors: McNeill M. J. , Frey K. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects of fertility and moisture on root and shoot gorwth of oats (Avena sativa L.) were studied in potculture experiments. An experimental unit was a 75‐liter garbage can filled with low‐fertility Thurman sand, embedded 0.6 m deep in the soil. Forty‐eight can were covered with a plastic shelter to permit controlled moisture regimes. A factorial set of fertilizer treatments using two levels each of N (0 and 140 kg/ha), P (0 and kg/ha), and K (0 and 93 kg/ha) were applied at seeding time. At the initiation of stem elongation, wet (field capacity) and dry (wilting coefficient) moisture regimes were imposed across all fertility treatments.Traits measured on the plant tops were plant height, number of tillers, number of spikelets per panicle, dry weight and stem diameter. Weights were taken on roots extracted from 0.007‐m3 soil samples from the 0‐15‐, 15‐30‐, 30‐45‐, and 45‐60‐cm soil depths.The root and shoot growth responded more to fertilizer application when moisture was adequate than when deficient. Nitrogen and phosphorus, applied alone and in combination, gave more shoot and root growth than any other element or combination of elements. Shoot growth responded to added fertilizer in both the high and low moisture regimes, but root growth responded only in the wet regime. Leaching of the nutrients with surface irrigations caused maximum root response to N in the 30‐45‐ cm zone, but for P, which resists leaching, maximum response was in the 0‐15‐cm zone. Reduced root‐top ratios resulting from added moisture and fertilizer elements were due largely to large increases in top growth without concomitant increases in root growth.Increase in shoot weight from added fertilizer under the dry regime was not accompanied by increased root weight. We concluded that root response to added fertility could not be responsible for oat plants utilizing subsoil (30‐60‐cm depth) moisture to produce increased shoot weights.
Fertilizer Placement with Sodding1
Authors: Foote L. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSod knit was significantly increased by fertilization. Tilling fertilizer into the soil prior to sod placement had no effect. The best fertilizer placement seemed to be one‐half under and one‐half over the sod. A useful mechanism for mechanically measuring sod knit is described. Other methods of measuring sod knit and fertilizer effect were not successful.
Resistance of Certain Grain Sorghum Hybrids to Bird Damage in Louisiana1
Authors: Tipton K. W. , Floyd E. H. , Marshall J. G. , McDevitt J. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeveral grain sorghum hybrids were evaluated for resistance to bird damage at Baton Rouge, Alexandria, and St. Joseph La. Most of the damage was done by the English sparrow during the milk stage of seed development. Loss from damage by birds varied from less than 1% to as great as 80% seed loss. Approximately onehalf the hybrids tested exhibited considerable resistance to birds. Bird feeding on grain sorghum in the field continued on a limited scale until the crop was harvested. During the milk stage of seed development, the bird crushed or mashed the juices from the seed. After hardening, the seed was removed from the plant and swallowed whole. Chemical analyses of developing grain of susceptible and resistant hybrids showed that the contents of tannic acid and total astringents of a resistant hybrid were approximately eight and four times, respectively, greater than that of two susceptible hybrids. Content of tannic acid and total astringents did not change with seed maturity.
Effect of 2‐Chloroethylphosphonic Acid on Vegetative Development and Seed Yield of Castor (Ricinus Communis L.)1
Authors: Stafford R. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe compound, 2‐chloroethylphosphonic acid (formerly referred to as 2‐chloroethanephosphonic acid), sprayed on plants of two normal‐monoecious castor (Ricinus communis L.) varieties significantly increased node number to first raceme and significantly reduced seed yield and bushel weight. Mature plant height, weight per 100 seeds, and oil percentage were not significantly affected. No apparent increase in number of pistillate flowers on either variety was noted.