bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and cured properties of diallyl phthalate resin modified with epoxy resin and allyl ester compound having carboxylic acid
Authors: Ohtsuka Keiko , Matsumoto Akihiro , Kimura Hajime 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn epoxy resin was blended with a diallyl phthalate resin to improve the adhesive properties and the fracture toughness. A compatibilizer was used to reduce the decrease in heat resistance. An allyl ester compound [1,4‐diallyloxycarbonyl‐2,5‐benzenedicarboxylic acid (DAPY)], which reacted with the diallyl phthalate resin and epoxy resin to have allyl groups and carboxylic acids on the end of the molecular chain, was synthesized as a compatibilizer by the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride with allyl alcohol. These blends were cured with dicumyl peroxide and triethylamine. By modification with the epoxy resin and DAPY, the lap shear adhesive strength to steel increased up to about 3 times that of the diallyl phthalate resin. These results suggest that the secondary hydroxyl group generated by the addition reaction of the epoxy resin and DAPY and the secondary hydroxyl group existing in the molecular chain of the epoxy resin formed hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group of water existing on a metal surface, and as a result, the adhesive strength to metal such as steel increased. The fracture toughness of the diallyl phthalate resin was increased by modification with the epoxy resin. The reason for this result was that the flexibility increased because the crosslinking density became small by modification with the epoxy resin. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effects of granularity of search results on the relevance judgment behavior of engineers: Building systems for retrieval and understanding of context
Authors: Balatsoukas Panos , Demian Peter 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGranularity is a novel concept for presenting information in search result interfaces of hierarchical query‐driven information retrieval systems in a manner that can support understanding and exploration of the context of the retrieved information (e.g., by highlighting its position in the granular hierarchy and exposing its relationship with relatives in the hierarchy). Little research, however, has been conducted on the effects of granularity of search results on the relevance judgment behavior of engineers. Engineers are highly motivated information users who are particularly interested in understanding the context of the retrieved information. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the design of systems with careful regard for granularity would improve engineers' relevance judgment behavior. To test this hypothesis, a prototype system was developed and evaluated in terms of the time needed for users to find relevant information, the accuracy of their relevance judgment, and their subjective satisfaction. To evaluate the prototype, a user study was conducted where participants were asked to complete tasks, complete a satisfaction questionnaire, and be interviewed. The findings showed that participants performed better and were more satisfied when the prototype system presented only relevant information in context. Although this study presents some novel findings about the effects of granularity and context on user relevance judgment behavior, the results should be interpreted with caution. For example, participants in this research were recruited by convenience and performed a set of simulated tasks as opposed to real ones. However, suggestions for further research are presented.
From experimental setup to bioinformatics: An RNAi screening platform to identify host factors involved in HIV‐1 replication
Authors: Börner Kathleen , Hermle Johannes , Sommer Christoph , Brown Nigel P. , Knapp Bettina , Glass Bärbel , Kunkel Julian , Torralba Gloria , Reymann Jürgen , Beil Nina , Beneke Jürgen , Pepperkok Rainer , Schneider Reinhard , Ludwig Thomas , Hausmann Michael , Hamprecht Fred , Erfle Holger , Kaderali Lars , Kräusslich Hans‐Georg , Lehmann Maik J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful technique for studying loss‐of‐function phenotypes by specific down‐regulation of gene expression, allowing the investigation of virus‐host interactions by large‐scale high‐throughput RNAi screens. Here we present a robust and sensitive small interfering RNA screening platform consisting of an experimental setup, single‐cell image and statistical analysis as well as bioinformatics. The workflow has been established to elucidate host gene functions exploited by viruses, monitoring both suppression and enhancement of viral replication simultaneously by fluorescence microscopy. The platform comprises a two‐stage procedure in which potential host factors are first identified in a primary screen and afterwards re‐tested in a validation screen to confirm true positive hits. Subsequent bioinformatics allows the identification of cellular genes participating in metabolic pathways and cellular networks utilised by viruses for efficient infection. Our workflow has been used to investigate host factor usage by the human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1), but can also be adapted to other viruses. Importantly, we expect that the description of the platform will guide further screening approaches for virus‐host interactions. The ViroQuant‐CellNetworks RNAi Screening core facility is an integral part of the recently founded BioQuant centre for systems biology at the University of Heidelberg and will provide service to external users in the near future.
Nutritional risk is a clinical predictor of postoperative mortality and morbidity in surgery for colorectal cancer
Authors: Schwegler I , von Holzen A , Gutzwiller J-P , Schlumpf R , Mühlebach S , Stanga Z 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
This study investigated whether nutritional risk scores applied at hospital admission predict mortality and complications after colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods
Some 186 patients were studied prospectively. Clinical details, Reilly's Nutrition Risk Score (NRS) and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score, tumour stage and surgical procedure were recorded.

Results
The prevalence of patients at nutritional risk was 31·7 per cent according to Reilly's NRS and 39·3 per cent based on the NRS-2002. Such patients had a higher mortality rate than those not at risk according to Reilly's NRS (8 versus 1·6 per cent; P = 0·033), but not the NRS-2002 (7 versus 1·8 per cent; P = 0·085). Based on the NRS-2002, there was a significant difference in postoperative complication rate between patients at nutritional risk and those not at risk (62 versus 39·8 per cent; P = 0·004) but not if Reilly's NRS was used (58 versus 44·1 per cent; P = 0·086). Nutritional risk was identified as an independent predictor of postoperative complications (odds ratio 2·79; P = 0·002).

Conclusion
Nutritional risk screening may be able to predict mortality and morbidity after surgery for colorectal cancer. However, the diverse results reflect either the imprecision of the tests or the small sample size.
Risk modelling of outcome after general and trauma surgery (the IRIS score)
Authors: Liebman B , Strating R P , van Wieringen W , Mulder W , Oomen J L T , Engel A F 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
A practical, easy to use model was developed to stratify risk groups in surgical patients: the Identification of Risk In Surgical patients (IRIS) score.

Methods
Over 15 years an extensive database was constructed in a general surgery unit, containing all patients who underwent general or trauma surgery. A logistic regression model was developed to predict mortality. This model was simplified to the IRIS score to enhance practicality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed.

Results
The database contained a consecutive series of 33 224 patients undergoing surgery. Logistic regression analysis gave the following formula for the probability of mortality: P (mortality) = A/(1 + A), where A = exp (−4·58 + (0·26× acute admission) + (0·63× acute operation) + (0·044× age) + (0·34× severity of surgery)). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0·92. The IRIS score also included age (divided into quartiles, 0–3 points), acute admission, acute operation and grade of surgery. The AUC predicting postoperative mortality was 0·90.

Conclusion
The IRIS score accurately predicted mortality after general or trauma surgery.
Diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous group A streptococcal peritonitis
Authors: Monneuse O , Tissot E , Gruner L , Michaillard Kaempf F , Allaouchiche B , Etienne J , Barth X 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
Primary group A streptococcal peritonitis (PSAP) is a rare, fulminant and often fatal infection. The clinical manifestations include diffuse peritoneal signs with toxic shock syndrome and sometimes fasciitis.

Methods
Patients with PSAP diagnosed between December 2002 and December 2006 were studied retrospectively, focusing on the initial presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome.

Results
Six patients were identified (five women and one man). The clinical presentation was heterogeneous. All six patients had diffuse peritonitis, four had toxic shock syndrome on hospital admission and two patients also had fasciitis. All patients were treated surgically, and the final diagnosis was confirmed after operation. There were no deaths, but two patients had aesthetic sequelae owing to necrotizing fasciitis.

Conclusion
PSAP is a rare condition, often requiring aggressive surgical treatment. Group A streptococcal peritonitis should be suspected in patients with no radiological evidence of a peritoneal portal of entry and no history of ascites.
Randomized clinical trial of co-amoxiclav versus no antibiotic prophylaxis in varicose vein surgery
Authors: Mekako A I , Chetter I C , Coughlin P A , Hatfield J , McCollum P T 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
Wound infection rates of up to 16 per cent are reported following varicose vein surgery and the value of antibiotic prophylaxis in clean surgery remains unclear.

Methods
Some 443 patients undergoing varicose vein surgery randomly received a single prophylactic dose of 1·2 g co-amoxiclav (219 patients) or no antibiotic (224). Patients completed a wound diary on postoperative days 3, 5, 7, 9 and 10 using an adapted ASEPSIS method of wound assessment, and were reviewed after 14 days.

Results
Patients who had prophylaxis had lower ASEPSIS wound scores on days 3, 5 and 7 (P = 0·043, P = 0·032 and P = 0·003 respectively), and lower total ASEPSIS scores (median (interquartile range) 3 (0–9) versus 6 (0–15); P = 0·013). They were less likely to consult their general practitioner (16.0 versus 24·3 per cent; P = 0·040) or to receive postoperative antibiotics (4·7 versus 13·5 per cent; P = 0·002) for wound-related problems. Wound outcomes were worse with higher body mass index (odds ratio (OR) 0·92 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·87 to 0·97); P = 0·005) and current smoking (OR 0·5 (0·3 to 0·9); P = 0·033). Prophylactic antibiotics conferred satisfactory wound healing (OR 2·2 (95 per cent c.i. 1·3 to 3·6); P = 0·003).

Conclusion
Antibiotic prophylaxis reduced wound-related problems after varicose vein surgery. Registration number ISRCTN12467340 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Photophysical Properties and OLED Applications of Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Schiff Base Complexes
Authors: Che Chi‐Ming , Kwok Chi‐Chung , Lai Siu‐Wai , Rausch Andreas F. , Finkenzeller Walter J. , Zhu Nianyong , Yersin Hartmut 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe syntheses, crystal structures, and detailed investigations of the photophysical properties of phosphorescent platinum(II) Schiff base complexes are presented. All of these complexes exhibit intense absorption bands with λmax in the range 417–546 nm, which are assigned to states of metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (1MLCT) 1[Pt(5d)→π*(Schiff base)] character mixed with 1[lone pair(phenoxide)→π*(imine)] charge‐transfer character. The platinum(II) Schiff base complexes are thermally stable, with decomposition temperatures up to 495 °C, and show emission λmax at 541–649 nm in acetonitrile, with emission quantum yields up to 0.27. Measurements of the emission decay times in the temperature range from 130 to 1.5 K give total zero‐field splitting parameters of the emitting triplet state of 14–28 cm−1. High‐performance yellow to red organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) using these platinum(II) Schiff base complexes have been fabricated with the best efficiency up to 31 cd A−1 and a device lifetime up to 77 000 h at 500 cd m−2.
Evolution of Helical Mesostructures
Authors: Yuan Pei , Zhao Lingzhi , Liu Nian , Wei Guangfeng , Wang Yunhua , Auchterlonie Graeme J. , Drennan J. , Lu Gao Qing , Zou Jin , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn intriguing evolution from a simple internal helix to a hierarchical helical (HH) mesostructure with both internal and external helices or a complicated screwlike and concentric circular (CC) mesostructure is successfully observed. The complicated helical structures are determined by TEM studies and 3D electron tomography. We demonstrate a topological helix–coil transition between the internal and external helices to reveal the origin of the HH mesostructure and the relationship between the straight helical and HH rods. Moreover, the boundary condition of the helix–coil transition is clarified to explain in detail the formation of complex helical structures, such as the screwlike mesostructure. It is proposed that the final structural characteristics are determined exactly by the balance between the decrease in the surface free energy and the maintenance of the hexagonal packing in one individual rod, which explains the formation of unusual CC, HH, and screwlike morphologies in one pot. Our success has opened new opportunities in the characterization of complex porous architectures, thus paving a way to remarkable advances in the fields of synthesis, understanding, and application of novel porous materials.
Borane‐mediated asymmetric reduction of acetophenone by enantiopure aminonaphthols and aminoalcohols as catalytic source
Authors: Cimarelli Cristina , Fratoni Davide , Palmieri Gianni 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPractical, cheap, and stereoselective synthetic methods were applied to the preparation of novel 1‐(aminoalkyl)naphthol and γ‐aminoalcohol tridentate ligands. The ligands obtained were conveniently applied with good results as catalytic sources in the borane‐mediated enantioselective reduction of acetophenone with borane dimethylsulfide. Conformational analysis through molecular modeling allows the rationalization of observed stereochemical outcomes. Chirality 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modification of chiral dimethyl tartrate through transesterification: Immobilization on POSS and enantioselectivity reversal in sharpless asymmetric epoxidation
Authors: García Rafael A. , Van Grieken Rafael , Iglesias José , Sherrington David C. , Gibson Colin L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractModification of dimethyl tartrate has been investigated through transesterification with aminoalcohols to provide reactive functionalities for the covalent bonding of chiral tartrate to polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. The transesterification of dimethyl tartrate has been widely studied using different catalytic systems and reaction conditions. Through the proper selection of both the catalytic system and the reaction conditions, it is possible to achieve monosubstituted or bis‐substituted tartrate derivatives as sole products. All the intermediate chiral tartrate‐derived ligands were successfully used in the homogeneous enantioselective epoxidation of allylic alcohols providing moderate enantiomeric excess over the products. Attached amine groups have been used to support the modified tartrate ligands on to a haloaryl‐functionalized silsesquioxane moiety. This final chiral tartrate ligand displays reverse enantioselectivity in the asymmetric epoxidation of allylic alcohols with regard to the starting dimethyl tartrate ligand, both molecules having the same chiral sign. However, the POSS‐containing ligand can be easily recovered in almost quantitative yield and reused in asymmetric epoxidation reactions. In addition, recovered silsesquioxane‐pendant ligand, though displaying decreasing catalytic activity in recycling epoxidation tests, showed very stable enantioselective behavior. Chirality 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Terbutaline sulfoconjugate: characterization and urinary excretion monitored by LC/ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Orlovius A. K. , Guddat S. , Parr M. K. , Kohler M. , Gütschow M. , Thevis M. , Schänzer W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTerbutaline is a fast‐acting β2‐adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of obstructive pulmonary diseases. Doping control for β2‐agonists, which are forbidden in sports by the World Anti‐doping Agency (WADA), is performed in screening by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry after hydrolysis of phase‐II metabolites. In this study, the mono‐sulfoconjugated phase‐II metabolite of terbutaline was synthesized and the chemical structure was characterized by 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and high resolution/high accuracy Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The metabolite was designated as the phenolic esterified compound, which has been mentioned in most literature reports but has not been verified so far. The benzylic esterified compound was also synthesized and characterized by high‐resolution/high accuracy Orbitrap mass spectrometry but was not detectable in urine samples from an excretion study performed after a single application of one terbutaline capsule (7.5 mg terbutaline sulfate salt). The phenolic sulfate of terbutaline was detected for two to four days after administration, whereas the unchanged terbutaline was detected for four to five days. A glucuronidated, disulfated or trisulfated phase‐II metabolite of terbutaline was not found. The measurement of phase‐II metabolites is planned to be incorporated into existing screening procedures to allow a faster sample preparation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Triazole‐Bridged Unsymmetrical Porphyrin Dyads and Porphyrin–Ferrocene Conjugates
Authors: Shetti Vijayendra S. , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA simple method has been used to synthesize four porphyrin azides with cores such as N4, N3S, N2SO and N2S2 in 60–90 % yields by treating the corresponding aminoporphyrins with tert‐butyl nitrite (tBuONO) and azidotrimethylsilane (TMSN3) in THF/CH3CN under mild reaction conditions. The hitherto unknown aminoporphyrins with heteroatom cores were synthesized from their corresponding nitroporphyrins by standard SnCl2/HCl reduction. The azidoporphyrins were used to synthesize six triazole‐bridged unsymmetrical porphyrin dyads containing two different types of porphyrin sub‐units as well as five triazole‐bridged porphyrin–ferrocene conjugates under CuI‐catalyzed “click” reaction conditions. Various CuI‐catalyzed reaction conditions were studied and the best yields of triazole‐bridged dyads and conjugates were obtained with CuI/DIPEA in THF/CH3CN at room temperature for overnight. The unsymmetrical porphyrin dyads and porphyrin–ferrocene conjugates were characterized by various spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. In unsymmetrical porphyrin dyads, the NMR, absorption and electrochemical studies indicate a weak interaction between the two porphyrin sub‐units. However, preliminary photophysical studies support an efficient singlet‐singlet energy transfer from one porphyrin unit to another in five unsymmetrical dyads reported here. In porphyrin–ferrocene conjugates, the fluorescence of porphyrin was quenched significantly due to photo‐induced electron transfer from ferrocene to porphyrin.
Chip electrophoretic characterization of liposomes with biological lipid composition: Coming closer to a model for viral infection
Authors: Bilek Gerhard , Weiss Victor U. , Pickl‐Herk Angela , Blaas Dieter , Kenndler Ernst 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn first attempts at elucidating the transfer of the RNA genome of a human Rhinovirus through lipid membranes in vitro we made use of liposomes decorated with recombinant receptors. This model system was characterized previously by CE but suffered from the requirement for inclusion of polyethylene glycol‐modified lipids for reliable separations [Weiss, V. U., Bilek, G., Pickl‐Herk, A., Blaas, D., Kenndler, E., Electrophoresis 2009, 30, 2123–2128.]. We here report the analysis of liposomes with a lipid composition much more similar to that of biological lipid bilayers. We found that vesicles containing and lacking this non‐physiologic lipid differ significantly in their electrophoretic mobility (by factor 2) although the concentration of charge‐bearing lipids in their bilayers is the same. We demonstrate that binding of a human Rhinovirus to the latter liposomes decorated with a cognate receptor can be analysed via electrophoresis on microchips; we support our results with transmission electron microscopy.
Evaluation of the factor structure and psychometric properties of the brief symptom inventory—18 with homebound older adults
Authors: Petkus Andrew J. , Gum Amber M. , Small Brent , Malcarne Vanessa L. , Stein Murray B. , Wetherell Julie Loebach 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectiveHomebound older adults are at high risk for depression and anxiety. Systematic screening may increase identification of these difficulties and facilitate service usage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure, internal consistency, and concurrent validity of the Brief Symptom Inventory—18 (BSI‐18) for use as a screening instrument for depression and anxiety with homebound older adults and to examine if the BSI‐18 could be shortened further and exhibit comparable psychometric properties.MethodsA sample of 142 older adults receiving in‐home aging services completed interviews that included the BSI‐18 and the depression and anxiety modules of the structured clinical interview for DSM‐IV.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis showed that the theorized three‐factor, second‐order model of the BSI‐18 fit the data well (S‐B X
2 = 136.17; p = 0.36). The depression and anxiety subscales exhibited high internal consistency (α > 0.81), whereas the somatic subscale exhibited lower internal consistency (α = 0.69). Receiver operator curve (ROC) analyses suggest that the BSI‐18 depression and anxiety subscales were able to predict those with DSM‐IV diagnoses (Depression AUC = 0.89 p < 0.001; Anxiety AUC = 0.80, p < 0.001). The ROC results suggested adapting a cut score of T = 50 to achieve optimal sensitivity and specificity. The short three‐item depression scale exhibited comparable psychometric properties to the full scale, while the three‐item somatic and anxiety scales exhibited lower internal consistency and sensitivity.ConclusionsThese findings provide initial evidence that the BSI‐18 is valid for use with homebound older adults. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.