bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The wicked problem of naming the intangible: Abstract concepts, binary thinking, and computer vision labels
Authors: Martinez Pandiani Delfina Sol 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDelving into the intricate complexities of naming and categorizing the visual evocation of abstract concepts, this paper brings to light the limitations of relying on binary thinking to tackle these inherently intricate “wicked problems.” As computer vision applications rapidly expand, the pressing challenge of accurately labeling these abstract concepts in visual media comes into focus, necessitating a close examination of the interplay between visual data, nuanced cultural meanings, and artificial intelligence (AI). This work discusses the role these concepts play in automatic visual indexing, as well as the ways in which they expose how binary frameworks curtail technical performance and perpetuate power dynamics. To address this, the paper draws upon insights from recent cognitive neuroscience research and advocates for a more comprehensive, queer, and situated understanding of these concepts. This approach highlights the significance of humanistic and ethical perspectives in shaping the trajectory of AI development.
An efficient high‐order two‐level explicit/implicit numerical scheme for two‐dimensional time fractional mobile/immobile advection‐dispersion model
Authors: Ngondiep Eric 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article constructs a new two‐level explicit/implicit numerical scheme in an approximate solution for the two‐dimensional time fractional mobile/immobile advection‐dispersion problem. The stability and error estimates of the proposed technique are deeply analyzed in the ‐norm. The developed approach is less time consuming, fourth‐order in space and temporal accurate of order , where is the time step and denotes a positive parameter less than 1. This result shows that the two‐level explicit/implicit formulation is faster and more efficient than a large class of numerical schemes widely discussed in the literature for the considered problem. Numerical experiments are performed to verify the theoretical studies and to demonstrate the efficiency of the new numerical method.
Association of body iron stores and anemia in a Ghanaian type‐2 diabetes mellitus population: A multicentered cross‐sectional study
Authors: Boadu Wina I. O. , Owiredu William K. B. A , Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy , Boadu Kwame O. , Kwayie Afia A. , Frimpong Joseph , Anto Enoch O. , Obirikorang Christian , Korsah Emmanuel E. , Ansah Ezekiel , Nyantakyi Michael , Opoku Stephen , Senu Ebenezer , Aboagye Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAnemia has been a common comorbidity in most chronic diseases, but has not been well monitored in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of anemia and its nexus with iron stores among T2DM patients in health facilities in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.MethodsThis multicenter cross‐sectional study recruited 213 T2DM out‐patients attending the diabetic clinics at the Kumasi South Hospital and St. Michaels Hospital, Jachie Pramso, Ghana, for routine check‐ups. Self‐reported questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical data from study participants. Blood samples were collected to estimate hematological parameters and iron stores. Mann–Whitney U test was used to assess the difference in hematological parameters and iron stores between anemic and nonanemic patients. All p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsOf the 213 T2DM participants, the prevalence of anemia was 31.9%. More females 145 (68.1%) were registered than males 68 (31.9%). Anemic patients had significantly lower levels of mean cell volume [79.30/fL vs. 82.60/fL, p = 0.001], mean cell hemoglobin [26.60/pg vs. 27.90/pg, p < 0.0001], and mean cell hemoglobin concentration [33.10/g/dL) vs. 33.80/g/dL, p < 0.0001] than those without anemia. Serum levels of ferritin (p = 0.1140), transferrin (p = 0.5070), iron (p = 0.7950), and total iron binding capacity (p = 0.4610) did not differ significantly between T2DM patients with or without anemia.ConclusionDespite the high prevalence of anemia among the T2DM patients in our cohort, patients present with apparently normal iron stores. This unrecognized mild anemia must be frequently monitored among T2DM patients.
Optic nerve head neurovascular assessments in patients with schizophrenia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Daneshvar Ramin , Naghib Maryam , Fayyazi Bordbar Mohammad Reza , Faridhosseini Farhad , Fotouhi Marziyeh , Motamed Shariati Mehrdad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe retina is a protrusion of the brain, so researchers have recently proposed retinal changes as a new marker for studying central nervous system diseases. To investigate optic nerve head neurovascular structure assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in schizophrenia compared to healthy subjects.MethodsThe study was conducted from 2019 to 2021 at the Ibn Sina Psychiatric Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. We enrolled 22 hospitalized known cases of schizophrenia, treated with risperidone as an antipsychotic drug, and 22 healthy subjects. The two groups were matched in age and gender. In the schizophrenic group, the positive and negative syndrome scale test was used to assess the illness severity. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmic evaluations and OCTA imaging.ResultsWe found that the cup/disc area ratio, vertical cup/disc ratio, and horizontal cup/disc ratio are significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy subjects (with p‐values of 0.019, 0.015, and 0.022, respectively). No statistically significant difference in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and vascular parameters of the optic nerve head was observed between schizophrenia and healthy groups.ConclusionWe found evidence regarding the difference in the optic nerve head tomographic properties in schizophrenia compared to healthy subjects. However, ONH vascular parameters showed no significant difference. More studies are needed for a definite conclusion.
Outcomes of bladder outlet obstruction following extensive vaginal pelvic reconstruction surgery on patient with advanced pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Chiung Huan‐Ka , Lo Tsia‐Shu , Ayedh Aisha Ayash , Harun Fazlin , Jhang Lan‐Sin , Tan Yiap Loong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of extensive vaginal pelvic reconstruction surgery (PRS) on advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP) patients with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).MethodsWe conducted a single‐center, retrospective analysis of women who received extensive vaginal pelvic reconstruction surgery for advanced POP (POP‐Q ≥3) with BOO from January 2006 to January 2016. Data regarding preoperative evaluation, surgical procedure, and postoperative management were abstracted from medical records. Patients were considered to have BOO when detrusor pressure at maximum flow (Dmax) was ≥20 cm H2O and peak flow rate (Qmax) was ≤15 mL/s. Patients with postoperative value of Dmax lower than 20 cm H2O or Qmax higher than 15 mL/s were regarded as objectively cured.ResultsA total of 1894 patients with POP stages III or IV were assessed. The incidence of BOO was 22.8% (431/1894) within this patient population of advanced POP. One year after the vaginal PRS, the objective cure rate of BOO was 98.1%. Urodynamic parameters showed a significant increase in Qmax (P < 0.001), while Dmax (P < 0.001) and postvoid residual urine (PVR) (P < 0.001) were significantly decreased. Previous POP surgery, native tissue repair (NTR), PVR ≥200 mL, and maximal cystometric capacity (MCC) ≥500 mL increase the likelihood of persistent BOO in patients.ConclusionVaginal PRS demonstrated effectiveness in treating BOO in patients with advanced POP. Irrespective of the types of transvaginal mesh (TVM), using TVM achieved better outcome than did NTR. Previous POP surgery, preoperative PVR ≥200 mL, and MCC ≥500 mL were the risk factors predicting the failure of PRS in improving BOO.
Long‐term impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on ART‐mediated births in Lombardy, Italy
Authors: Esposito Giovanna , Somigliana Edgardo , Viganò Paola , Filippi Francesca , Franchi Matteo , Corrao Giovanni , Parazzini Fabio 
Published: May 2024

SynopsisART‐mediated births declined between December 2020 and February 2021, followed by a rapid recovery to 2019 levels. In 2022, ART‐mediated births exceeded pre‐pandemic rates.
A region of interest focused Triple UNet architecture for skin lesion segmentation
Authors: Liu Guoqing , Guo Yu , Jin Qiyu , Chen Guoqing , Saheya Barintag , Wu Caiying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSkin lesion segmentation is a crucial step for skin lesion analysis and subsequent treatment. However, it is still a challenging task due to the irregular and fuzzy lesion borders, and the diversity of skin lesions. In this article, we propose Triple‐UNet, an organic combination of three UNet architectures with suitable modules, to automatically segment skin lesions. To enhance the target object region of the image, we design a region of interest enhancement module (ROIE) that uses the predicted score map of the first UNet. The enhanced image and the features learned by the first UNet help the second UNet obtain a better score map. Finally, the results are fine‐tuned by the third UNet. We evaluate our algorithm on a publicly available dataset of skin lesion segmentation. Experiments have shown that TripleUNet achieves an accuracy of 92.5% on the ISIC‐2018 skin lesion segmentation benchmark, with Dice and mIoU of 0.909 and 0.836, respectively, which outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.
3D‐SRDM: 3D super‐resolution of MRI volumes based on diffusion model
Authors: Wu Zhanxiong , Chen Xuanheng , Yu Jiangnan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBrain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for diagnosing and understanding neurological disorders, but inherent limitations hinder the visualization of fine details in brain structures. The emergence of super‐resolution techniques, especially deep‐learning methods, has improved imaging quality of MRI, by increasing MRI spatial resolution. At present, deep‐learning algorithms mostly performed super‐resolution on 2D MRI images. However, considering 3D nature of MRI, 3D models are more suitable for brain MRI super‐resolution. To achieve finer brain structural details, this study proposes a 3D brain MRI super‐resolution method based on diffusion model (3D‐SRDM), which is a fast and easily trainable neural network for the generation of high‐resolution brain MRI images. In our 3D‐SRDM model, the self‐attention module in U‐Net is replaced with 3D spatial attention mechanism. The network structure of 3D‐SRDM is optimized to reduce training parameters. Moreover, accelerated sampling from denoising diffusion implicit model is also incorporated to reduce time consumption. By these optimizations, compared with original diffusion model, the proposed model can achieve about 10‐ and 5‐fold speed increase at 4× and 8× super‐resolution of 3D brain MRI volumes, respectively, almost without affecting image quality. Thus, 3D‐SRDM has potential application value in efficiently generating high‐resolution 3D brain MRI images, thus facilitating the doctors' diagnosis.
High‐frequency photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging for skin evaluation: Pilot study for the assessment of a chemical burn
Authors: Benavides‐Lara Juliana , Siegel Amanda P. , Tsoukas Maria M. , Avanaki Kamran 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSkin architecture and its underlying vascular structure could be used to assess the health status of skin. A non‐invasive, high resolution and deep imaging modality able to visualize skin subcutaneous layers and vasculature structures could be useful for determining and characterizing skin disease and trauma. In this study, a multispectral high‐frequency, linear array‐based photoacoustic/ultrasound (PAUS) probe is developed and implemented for the imaging of rat skin in vivo. The study seeks to demonstrate the probe capabilities for visualizing the skin and its underlying structures, and for monitoring changes in skin structure and composition during a 5‐day course of a chemical burn. We analayze composition of lipids, water, oxy‐hemoglobin, and deoxy‐hemoglobin (for determination of oxygen saturation) in the skin tissue. The study successfully demonstrated the high‐frequency PAUS imaging probe was able to provide 3D images of the rat skin architecture, underlying vasculature structures, and oxygen saturation, water, lipids and total hemoglobin.
Teachability of multispectral optoacoustic tomography
Authors: Li Yi , Gröhl Janek , Haney Briain , Caranovic Milenko , Lorenz‐Meyer Eva , Papatheodorou Nikolaos , Kempf Julius , Regensburger Adrian P. , Nedoschill Emmanuel , Buehler Adrian , Siebenlist Gregor , Lang Werner , Uder Michael , Neurath Markus F. , Waldner Maximilian , Knieling Ferdinand , Rother Ulrich 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo date, the appropriate training required for the reproducible operation of multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) is poorly discussed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the teachability of MSOT imaging. Five operators (two experienced and three inexperienced) performed repositioning imaging experiments. The inexperienced received the following introductions: personal supervision, video meeting, or printed introduction. The task was to image the exact same position on the calf muscle for seven times on five volunteers in two rounds of investigations. In the first session, operators used ultrasound guidance during measurements while using only photoacoustic data in the second session. The performance comparison was carried out with full‐reference image quality measures to quantitatively assess the difference between repeated scans. The study demonstrates that given a personal supervision and hybrid ultrasound real‐time imaging in MSOT measurements, inexperienced operators are able to achieve the same level as experienced operators in terms of repositioning accuracy.
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3 binds to the internal ribosomal entry site of enterovirus A71 and affects virus replication in neural cells
Authors: Lin Jhao‐Yin , Lin Jing‐Yi , Kuo Rei‐Lin , Huang Hsing‐I 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnterovirus A71 (EV‐A71) belongs to the genus Enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family and often causes outbreaks in Asia. EV‐A71 infection usually causes hand, foot, and mouth disease and can even affect the central nervous system, causing neurological complications or death. The 5′‐untranslated region (5′‐UTR) of EV‐A71 contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that is responsible for the translation of viral proteins. IRES‐transacting factors can interact with the EV‐A71 5′‐UTR to regulate IRES activity. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A3 is a member of the hnRNP A/B protein family of RNA‐binding proteins and is involved in RNA transport and modification. We found that hnRNP A3 knockdown promoted the replication of EV‐A71 in neural calls. Conversely, increasing the expression of hnRNP A3 within cells inhibits the growth of EV‐A71. HnRNP A3 can bind to the EV‐A71 5′‐UTR, and knockdown of hnRNP A3 enhances the luciferase activity of the EV‐A71 5′‐UTR IRES. The localization of hnRNP A3 shifts from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of infected cells during viral infection. Additionally, EV‐A71 infection can increase the protein expression of hnRNP A3, and the protein level is correlated with efficient viral growth. Based on these findings, we concluded that hnRNP A3 plays a negative regulatory role in EV‐A71 replication within neural cells.
Targeting endothelial PDGFR‐β facilitates angiogenesis‐associated bone formation through the PAK1/NICD axis
Authors: Lin Hancheng , Lin Rongmin , Hou Jiahui , Zhu Chencheng , Liu Guanqiao , Lin Yihuang , Su Jianwen , Yang Mankai , Yang Bingsheng , Ma Yuan , Cheng Caiyu , Deng Mingye , Yu Bin , Xu Ting , Wu HangTian , Cui Zhuang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe intricate orchestration of osteoporosis (OP) pathogenesis remains elusive. Mounting evidence suggests that angiogenesis‐driven osteogenesis serves as a crucial foundation for maintaining bone homeostasis. This study aimed to explore the potential of the endothelial platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐β (PDGFR‐β) in mitigating bone loss through its facilitation of H‐type vessel formation. Our findings demonstrate that the expression level of endothelial PDGFR‐β is reduced in samples obtained from individuals suffering from OP, as well as in ovariectomy mice. Depletion of PDGFR‐β in endothelial cells ameliorates angiogenesis‐mediated bone formation in mice. The regulatory influence of endothelial PDGFR‐β on H‐type vessels is mediated through the PDGFRβ‐P21‐activated kinase 1‐Notch1 intracellular domain signaling cascade. In particular, the endothelium‐specific enhancement of PDGFR‐β facilitates H‐type vessels and their associated bone formation in OP. Hence, the strategic targeting of endothelial PDGFR‐β emerges as a promising therapeutic approach for the management of OP in the near future.
A morphology‐based integrated teaching mode combining pathology and radiology with the aid of teaching media: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Baoping , Zhang Zhidong , Guo Dingcheng , Yan Yimin , Wang Di , Wang Huihui , Lu Lizhi , Zhang Kailiang , Zhang Jie , Liu Bin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe integration of curriculum is an important approach for enhancing medical education and facilitating interdisciplinary connections among students. This study aimed to develop a new morphological integrated teaching mode for undergraduate stomatology education by combining stomatological pathology and radiology courses with instructional media.MethodsIn total, 63 undergraduates were included in this study and divided into three groups: traditional (Group T; the control group) and two experimental groups: KoPa WiFi EDU (Group K), and KoPa WiFi EDU‐cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) (Group K‐C). All participants attended a 2‐h lecture on periapical cysts and completed the first theoretical test. Subsequently, they underwent a 4‐h experimental training session on the pathology and radiology of periapical cysts using different teaching methods. Following the training, participants completed the second theoretical test and underwent the first image‐reading skill evaluation. After a 3‐month period, participants completed the third theoretical test and underwent the second image‐reading skill evaluation. The effectiveness of the teaching methods was assessed by analyzing the differences in theoretical test and experimental skill evaluation scores.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the first theoretical outcomes among three groups (p > 0.05). However, the second theoretical scores, the first objective evaluation scores, and the first subjective evaluation scores were significantly higher in the integrated teaching mode (3D teaching mode with the KoPa WiFi EDU and CBCT: 89.29 ± 4.55, 81.00 ± 8.15, and 61.57 ± 5.52, respectively; 2D teaching mode with the KoPa WiFi EDU system: 80.43 ± 3.41, 73.00 ± 8.01, and 55.67 ± 5.66, respectively) than in the traditional teaching mode (72.57 ± 3.84, 69.38 ± 4.91, and 48.67 ± 5.54, respectively) (p < 0.05). Moreover, the long‐term teaching effect of the integrated mode was better than that of the traditional mode (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe morphology‐based integrated teaching mode combining pathology and radiology aroused student enthusiasm for learning, and resulted in enhanced learning outcomes in dental experimental education.
Developmental events in the mandibular salivary gland of Indian sheep (Ovis aries): Morphological and histochemical studies
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Kaur Simran , Singh Opinder 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAt 22nd day of fetal development, the primordial anlage of mandibular gland was first noticed as a solid epithelial bud from oral epithelium. The terminal buds were arranged in the form of clusters with undifferentiated epithelial cells and terminated in a bulb like structure in 28‐day‐old fetus. The lumenization and branching of the main cord was noticed at 35th day. The primary septa, which divide the glandular mass into lobes was observed from 53rd day onwards which resulted in the formation of distinct lobulation at 58th day. At 61st day, the capsule formation was initiated by the aggregation of mesenchymal tissue. The terminal tubules differentiated to form the secretory end pieces and the tubular portion leads to the formation of intercalated and striated ducts at 98th day. Predominantly mucous types of acinar cells were seen from 108th day onwards. The number of lobules increased with steep increase in parenchyma from 128th day onwards. Micrometrical studies revealed that the mean diameter of acinar cells and all ducts was increased with the advancement of age and the significant differences were observed between groups. Localization of acidic and neutral mucopolysaccharides was observed in mucous cells and goblet cells.Research Highlights
The primordial anlage of mandibular salivary gland was seen at 22nd day. Lobulation of gland was appeared at 53rd day of development, however; it was completed at 58th day.
At 98th day, the terminal tubules differentiated to form the secretory end pieces. The parenchyma of the gland showed predominantly mucous type of cells from 108th day onwards.
Myoepithelial cells were first appeared as flattened basal cells initially around the developing acinar cells at 132nd day.
Localization of acidic as well as neutral mucopolysaccharides was observed in mucous cells and goblet cells.
Fine lipid droplets were observed in intralobular as well as interlobular connective tissue, however; phospholipids were observed in the cell membrane of secretory cells and ducts.
Graphs with at most two moplexes
Authors: Dallard Clément , Ganian Robert , Hatzel Meike , Krnc Matjaž , Milanič Martin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA moplex is a natural graph structure that arises when lifting Dirac's classical theorem from chordal graphs to general graphs. The notion is known to be closely related to lexicographic searches in graphs as well as to asteroidal triples, and has been applied in several algorithms related to graph classes, such as interval graphs, claw‐free, and diamond‐free graphs. However, while every noncomplete graph has at least two moplexes, little is known about structural properties of graphs with a bounded number of moplexes. The study of these graphs is, in part, motivated by the parallel between moplexes in general graphs and simplicial modules in chordal graphs: unlike in the moplex setting, properties of chordal graphs with a bounded number of simplicial modules are well understood. For instance, chordal graphs having at most two simplicial modules are intervals. In this work, we initiate an investigation of ‐moplex graphs, which are defined as graphs containing at most moplexes. Of particular interest is the smallest nontrivial case , which forms a counterpart to the class of interval graphs. As our main structural result, we show that, when restricted to connected graphs, the class of 2‐moplex graphs is sandwiched between the classes of proper interval graphs and cocomparability graphs; moreover, both inclusions are tight for hereditary classes. From a complexity‐theoretic viewpoint, this leads to the natural question of whether the presence of at most two moplexes guarantees a sufficient amount of structure to efficiently solve problems that are known to be intractable on cocomparability graphs, but not on proper interval graphs. We develop new reductions that answer this question negatively for two prominent problems fitting this profile, namely,
Graph Isomorphism and
Max‐Cut. On the other hand, we prove that every connected 2‐moplex graph contains a Hamiltonian path, generalising the same property of connected proper interval graphs. Furthermore, for graphs with a higher number of moplexes, we lift the previously known result that graphs without asteroidal triples have at most two moplexes to the more general setting of larger asteroidal sets.