bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhaled versus systemic antibiotics and airway inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis and Pseudomonas
Authors: Noah Terry L. , Ivins Sally S. , Abode Kathleen A. , Stewart Paul W. , Michelson Peter H. , Harris William T. , Henry Marianna M. , Leigh Margaret W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRationaleInhaled tobramycin has been shown to transiently clear Pseudomonas from lower airways in early cystic fibrosis (CF), but does not markedly reduce lung inflammation, a key factor in disease progression.ObjectiveTest the hypothesis that systemic antibiotics are more effective than inhaled antibiotics for reducing lower airways inflammation.MethodsClinically stable CF children with recent Pseudomonas were randomized to receive 4 weeks of inhaled tobramycin or 2 weeks of systemic antibiotics (intravenous ceftazidime and tobramycin). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained just before and 4–6 weeks after treatment. The primary outcome was change in % neutrophils in lavage fluid.ResultsFifteen subjects (inhaled = 6, systemic = 9) completed the protocol. Three Systemic Group subjects could not have central venous access established and were treated with oral ciprofloxacin (plus inhaled tobramycin) for 2 weeks as an alternative “systemic” regimen, per protocol. Groups were well matched in age, markers of disease severity, and initial % neutrophils. The Systemic Group showed a modest median change in percent neutrophils (−7%) which was not statistically significant compared to inhaled (+5.4%, P = 0.07). However, the Systemic Group had significantly greater reductions in total cells (−50% vs. −3%, P < 0.01) and neutrophils (−74% vs. −10%, P = 0.02) per ml lavage fluid. Both groups had reduced bacterial quantity after treatment, but there was no significant difference between groups.ConclusionsIn clinically stable children with CF, systemic antibiotics result in greater short‐term reduction in lower airways inflammation than inhaled antibiotics. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:281–290. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short‐term effect of physiotherapy on variability of the lung clearance index in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Fuchs Susanne I. , Toussaint Sabine , Edlhaimb Barbara , Ballmann Manfred , Gappa Monika 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMultiple breath washout (MBW) for measuring the lung clearance index (LCI) has been proposed as a non‐invasive tool for detecting early cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. The LCI is highly repeatable and reproducible in healthy subjects. In patients with CF, within‐test variability is low. However, application of physiotherapy (PT) immediately preceding MBW may affect LCI variability in CF patients and thus interpretation of repeat measurements and treatment effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to prospectively assess the short‐term effect of PT on LCI in CF patients in order to address the question whether or not standardized timing of PT and MBW has to be considered when introducing MBW into clinical CF management. Twenty‐seven out of 32 patients (5.7–15.9 years) with CF successfully performed two technically acceptable MBW tests with the EasyOne Pro, MBW Module (ndd, Switzerland) at intervals of 1½ hr. Sixteen out of 27 received 30 min PT in between, whereas 11/27 did not.Repeatability expressed as intraindividual coefficient of variation (CV) was 6.1% pre‐PT and 6.5% post‐PT. Mean difference (95% CI) of LCI between the two tests was −0.20 (−0.51; 0.11). Reproducibility (SD) was 4.6% (3.1). Repeatability was 4.2% and 7.1% without intervention. Mean difference (95% CI) of LCI between 1st and 2nd test was 0.07 (−0.22; 0.35). Reproducibility (SD) was 2.6% (2.1).In conclusion, PT does not have a consistent effect on the LCI. Repeatability was slightly poorer than published for healthy subjects possibly reflecting variable mucus plugging, and, thus, variable trapped air in patients with CF. Reproducibility was good and independent on intervention. From our data, we conclude that timing of PT in relation to MBW can be ignored when designing study protocols or when interpreting longitudinal data and treatment effects. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:301–306. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection outbreak among pediatric patients with oncologic diseases and/or BMT
Authors: Anak Sema , Atay Didem , Unuvar Aysegul , Garipardic Mesut , Agaoglu Leyla , Ozturk Gulyuz , Karakas Zeynep , Devecioglu Omer 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been reported to cause severe morbidity and mortality among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy with or without autologous/allogeneic hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). There have been few reports describing the outcome of RSV infection specifically among pediatric oncology patients.MethodsTwo RSV infection outbreaks developed between February–April 2006 and January–March 2009 in hospitalized pediatric patients for various hemato‐oncological diseases ± HSCT. A survey of respiratory viruses was done using direct immunofluorescent antibody assay from nasopharyngeal washing aspirate.ResultsIn two RSV infection outbreaks (2006 and 2009), RSV antigen was detected in 6/30 patients. Five of six patients with RSV antigen were all treated with 0.2–0.4 g/kg intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) and specific antiviral therapy, oral ribavirin (20–25 mg/kg/day in three doses). Five patients recovered fully, although two were retreated due to recurrent (+) RSV antigen and respiratory symptoms within 2 weeks. We did not give oral ribavirin to one patient with (+) RSV antigen due to mild symptoms. All patients are alive and well.ConclusionsIn contrast with the outcome of RSV infection in adult oncology patients, the mortality associated with RSV infection in pediatric oncology patients even in post bone marrow transplantation (BMT) period, is low when diagnosed and treated early enough. Oral ribavirin might be an option together with IVIG in the treatment of RSV especially when other forms of antivirals could not be obtained. This approach will make it possible to give the scheduled anti‐neoplastic therapy on time. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:307–311. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex attractant for the banana moth, Opogona sacchari Bojer (Lepidoptera: Tineidae): provisional identification and field evaluation
Authors: Jang Eric B , Siderhurst Matthew S , Hollingsworth Robert G , Showalter David N , Troyer Elisa J 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The banana moth, Opogona sacchari Bojer, is a polyphagous agricultural pest in many tropical areas of the world. The identification of an attractant for male O. sacchari could offer new methods for detection, study and control.RESULTS: A compound extracted from female O. sacchari elicited responses from antennae of male moths. This compound was identified as a 2/3,(Z)13‐octadecadienal by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. An analog, 2/3,(Z)13‐octadecadienol, was also detected in some extracts at roughly a 1:20 ratio (alcohol:aldehyde) but did not elicit responses from antennae of male moths. Electroantennograms of synthetic candidate dienals found the strongest responses from (Z, Z)‐2,13‐octadecadienal and (E, Z)‐2,13‐octadecadienal. In field trials, (E, Z)‐2,13‐octadecadienal attracted more male O. sacchari than (Z, Z)‐2,13‐octadecadienal. Attraction was not improved for either of these compounds when the corresponding stereoisomeric alcohol was added at ratios of 1:1, 1:10 or 1:100 (alcohol:aldehyde). Jackson sticky traps containing 250 µg lures of (E, Z)‐2,13‐octadecadienal caught as many males as did traps holding virgin females.CONCLUSION: (E, Z)‐2,13‐octadecadienal has been identified as an attractant for O. sacchari males and can be used as a monitoring lure of populations of this moth. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
The oxidative products of methionine as site and content biomarkers for peptide oxidation
Authors: Zong Wansong , Liu Rutao , Wang Meijie , Zhang Pengjun , Sun Feng , Tian Yanmin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBiomarkers for peptide/protein oxidation under oxidative stress (OS) hold both incredible application potential as well as significant challenges. In this article, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were applied to establish a new method for evaluating the oxidation site and degree of peptide oxidized, with its oxidative product serving as biomarker. In the three model peptides, peptide FMRF (containing a methionine) was prone to undergo oxygen addition under UV/H2O2 oxidization, forming a sulfoxide (FM(O)RF) with a stable chromatographic peak separate from the model peptides. The oxidation content of FMRF, expressed as SFM(O)RF/(SFM(O)RF + SFMRF), is positively correlated with oxidation time. Based on sequence analysis of FM(O)RF, the oxidation mechanism (site and extent) of FMRF under UV/H2O2 oxidization was explicitly clarified. By comparing the specific injury to each model peptide, we found that the oxidative products of Met‐containing peptides are good biomarkers for OS. This research not only expands the range of biomarkers for OS, but also provides an efficient and accurate method for evaluating oxidation damage to peptides and even proteins. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amorphous silicon based p‐i‐i‐n photodetectors for point‐of‐care testing
Authors: Sämann Marc , Furin Dominik , Thielmann Johannes , Pfäfflin Albrecht , Proll Günther , Harendt Christine , Gauglitz Günther , Schleicher Erwin , Schubert Markus B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractModern medical diagnostics demands point‐of‐care testing (POCT) systems for quick tests in clinical or out‐patient environments. This investigation combines the Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy (RIfS) with thin film technology for a highly sensitive, direct optical and label‐free detection of proteins, e.g. inflammation or cardiovascular markers. Amorphous silicon (a‐Si) based thin film photodetectors replace the so far needed spectrometer and permit downsizing of the POCT system. Photodetectors with p‐i‐i‐n structure adjust their spectral sensitivity according to the applied read‐out voltage. The use of amorphous silicon carbide in the p‐type and the first intrinsic layer enhances the sensitivity through very low dark currents of the photodetectors and enables the adjustment of their absorption characteristics. Integrating the thin film photodetectors on the rear side of the RIfS substrate eliminates optical losses and distortions, as compared to the standard RIfS setup. An integrated Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) chip performs a current‐frequency conversion to accurately detect the photocurrent of up to eight parallel photodetector channels. In addition to the optimization of the photo‐detectors, this contribution presents first successful direct optical and label‐free RIfS measurements of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and D‐dimer in buffer solution in physiological relevant concentrations. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Amorphous to nanocrystalline transition in HWCVD Si:H films by substrate temperature variation
Authors: Gogoi Purabi , Jha Himanshu S. , Deva Dinesh , Agarwal Pratima 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThin films of hydrogenated silicon with band gap ranging from 2.0‐2.34 eV are prepared at deposition rate 8‐14 Å/sec in an indigenously fabricated HWCVD system keeping all parameters except substrate temperature fixed. The films grown at Ts ≤ 150 °C are found to be pure amorphous, whereas the formation of nanocrystalline phase starts at Ts ≥ 200 °C. With increase in Ts, crystalline fraction increases along with the increase in the band gap whereas the hydrogen content in the films and the deposition rate decreases. The variation of microstructure by varying substrate temperature without a significant decrease in deposition rate is useful for various device applications. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Uniformity study of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon thin films deposited on 10 cm × 10 cm glass substrate using hot wire CVD technique
Authors: Frigeri P. A. , Nos O. , Calvo J. D. , Carreras P. , Roldan R. , Asensi J. M. , Bertomeu J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe scaling up of the Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition (HW‐CVD) technique to large deposition area can be done using a catalytic net of equal spaced parallel filaments. The large area deposition limit is defined as the limit whenever a further increment of the catalytic net area does not affect the properties of the deposited film. This is the case when a dense catalytic net is spread on a surface considerably larger than that of the film substrate. To study this limit, a system able to hold a net of twelve wires covering a surface of about 20 cm × 20 cm was used to deposit amorphous (a‐Si:H) and microcrystalline (μ c‐Si:H) silicon over a substrate of 10 cm × 10 cm placed at a filament‐substrate distance ranging from 1 to 2 cm. The uniformity of the film thickness d and optical constants, n (x, λ) and α (x, ħω), was studied via transmission measurements. The thin film uniformity as a function of the filament‐substrate distance was studied. The experimental thickness profile was compared with the theoretical result obtained solving the diffusion equations. The optimization of the filament‐substrate distance allowed obtaining films with inhomogeneities lower than ±2.5% and deposition rates higher than 1 nm/s and 4.5 nm/s for (μ c‐Si:H) and (a‐Si:H), respectively. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Raman mapping of microcrystalline silicon thin films with high spatial resolution
Authors: Ledinský M. , Vetushka A. , Stuchlík J. , Fejfar A. , Kočka J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRaman maps, i.e., grids of individual spectra of Raman scattering from excitation laser beam focused by optical microscope, were used to characterize mixed phase silicon thin films. Raman maps measured with 442 nm and 785 nm lasers were compared with topography or local current maps recorded by conductive atomic force microscope (C‐AFM) in the same field of view. The Raman measurement may irreversibly influence the thin film surface by thermal oxidation, as proved by the change of local conductivity observed in C‐AFM. Resolution limit of individual grains in Raman mapping with 442 nm excitation was 350 nm, however, we were able to detect much smaller individual grains (down to ∼160 nm diameter measured by AFM) if they were isolated in amorphous matrix. Polarized Raman spectroscopy is able to detect the crystallographic orientation of the single microcrystalline grain. Resolution of the Raman mapping may be significantly improved by tip enhanced Raman measurement. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Window layer development for microcrystalline silicon solar cells in n‐i‐p configuration
Authors: Böttler Wanjiao , Smirnov Vladimir , Lambertz Andreas , Hüpkes Jürgen , Finger Friedhelm 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe development of p‐type and front ZnO layers, being window layers in n‐i‐p solar cells, is considered in this work. Electrical and optical properties of these layers were investigated on glass substrates, subject to thickness and doping variations. Subsequently, the effects of p‐layer thickness and doping and front ZnO thickness on solar cell performance were studied. The optimal conditions for concerned layers are obtained, and discussed in terms of the built‐in voltage, potential barriers and total reflection. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nanocrystallites formation in a‐SiC by low power plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition
Authors: Bhaduri Ayana , Kole Arindam , Chaudhuri Partha 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFormation of nanocrystallites in the amorphous silicon carbide thin films deposited from silane methane mixture diluted in argon by plasma enhanced CVD has been studied under different levels of rf power density and Ar dilution. Systematic transformations between different polymorphic phases of SiC have been observed with changes in rf power and Ar dilution. At low Ar dilution no H‐SiC (α‐SiC) nanocrystallites was observed. Only traces of β‐SiC of Si were observed. With increase in Ar dilution formation of α‐SiC nanocrystallites was observed. Increase of rf power density at this dilution enhanced α‐SiC nanocrystallites but reduced β‐SiC slightly. Variation of SiC peak in the infra red absorption corresponds closely with the changes in β‐SiC nanocrystallites in the layers. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of As alloying on the valence band tail states in a‐Se
Authors: Benkhedir Mohammed L. , Djefaflia Fahima , Mansour Mohammed , Qamhieh Naser 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTransient photocurrent (TPC) measurements have been carried out on evaporated a‐Se doped with either 0.2% or 0.5% of As and compared with analogous measurements on undoped and Cl doped a‐Se. These measurements show that As doping of a‐Se suppresses the shallow defects linked to the dihedral angle variations in a‐Se chains, and makes the valence band tail states distribution steeper. These changes in the a‐Se density of states increase the relative importance of the deep defect levels in As‐doped a‐Se and thus explain the widely reported hole lifetime shortening with As addition. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Highly conductive boron‐doped hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon films obtained by hot wire deposition
Authors: Beyer W. , Carius R. , Einsele F. , Lennartz D. , Niessen L. , Pennartz F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe growth of highly conductive boron doped microcrystalline silicon by the hot wire method was studied. Various series of films were deposited to investigate the influence of the deposition parameters on conductivity, crystallinity and (void‐related) microstructure. Maximum (room temperature) conductivities > 200 S/cm with carrier mobilities > 2.5 cm2/Vs were achieved. While a high crystallinity is the major requirement for achieving high conductivities, the microstructure is also of influence. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multi‐scale analysis of the 25–27 July 2006 convective period over Niamey: Comparison between Doppler radar observations and simulations
Authors: Barthe Christelle , Asencio Nicole , Lafore Jean‐Philippe , Chong Michel , Campistron Bernard , Cazenave Frédéric 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe present study investigates the multi‐scale processes associated with a sequence of convective events that occurred over Niamey during the period 25–26 July 2006. This period corresponds to the active stage of the first intense monsoon surge over Sahel for 2006. During this two‐day period, two successive sequences of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) were located ahead of and in phase with the trough of an African Easterly Wave (AEW). They were followed by suppressed or isolated convection behind the trough and in the vicinity of the ridge. The large AMMA‐SOP dataset, in particular the UHF radar and the MIT Doppler radar in Niamey, are used in combination with a low‐resolution (5 km) cloud‐resolving model to understand the convection organization and its interaction with the environment. Several initial and boundary conditions have been tested, but only the simulation starting with the ECMWF AMMA reanalysis succeeds in reproducing the observed features; this emphasizes the importance of the initial state. From the simulated MCSs, the along‐line component of the apparent source of momentum due to the convection is found to be up to 1 m s−1h−1. It seems that MCSs globally reduce the monsoon flow and generate southerlies at mid levels which can reinforce the rotation of the wind at the passage of the trough. During the afternoon of 26 July, the local convection over Niamey resulted from some favourable factors (humidity, CAPE, CIN) that triggered convection, while inhibiting factors (mid‐level dry layer, weaker low‐level wind shear pointing to the north, anticyclonic curvature of the streamlines at 700 hPa) prevented it organizing itself and propagating. In particular, the low‐level wind shear seems of critical importance. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Flow dependence of background errors and their vertical correlations for radiance‐data assimilation
Authors: Hess Reinhold 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article examines the dependence of background‐error statistics on synoptic conditions and flow patterns. Error variances and vertical correlations of background temperatures as used for variational radiance‐data assimilation are estimated for two different weather regimes over Europe using the NMC method. The results are validated with real observations, i.e. radiosonde data and microwave satellite radiances and generalised with half a year of global data from the ECMWF forecasting system, where weather conditions are distinguished using model fields of wind speed, mean sea level pressure, and relative vorticity. Strong winds, low pressure, and cyclonic flow generally induce larger background errors of 500 hPa temperature than calm winds, high pressure, and anticyclonic flow, and also broader temperature correlations in the vertical with other tropospheric levels. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Factors governing the interannual variation and the long‐term trend of the 850 hPa temperature over Israel
Authors: Saaroni H. , Ziv B. , Osetinsky I. , Alpert P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study examines the ability of the interannual variability in the occurrence of synoptic types, intensity of large‐scale circulations and global temperature to explain that of the 850 hPa temperature in Israel for the summer and the winter. The synoptic factor was represented by 19 types defined by Alpert et al(2004b). For the summer, the deep and the weak Persian Trough explained 35% of the interannual temperature variance. For the winter, the lows to the east and to the north explained 44% of the interannual temperature variance. Two additional factors were incorporated: large‐scale circulations, the North Atlantic Oscillation for the summer and the Arctic Oscillation for the winter; and global radiative forcing, represented by the global temperature. Both of them were found to be significant, and the variance explained by all of them is 56% for the summer and 64% for the winter. In the summer the variation is dominated by warm and cool types whereas in the winter the cold systems dominate.The individual contribution of each factor to the long‐term temperature trend was estimated. While the global radiative forcing contribution was positive and large in both seasons, the synoptic contribution was positive, four times larger in the summer. The large‐scale contribution was negative, three times larger in the winter. The considerable warming in the summer results from a rapid increase in the occurrence of the weak Persian Trough, which is a warm type. The study approach may be useful for predicting future temperature regimes, based on predicted synoptic features in climatic models. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society