bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of a peer‐mentoring strategy on student nurse stress reduction in clinical practice
Authors: Li H‐C. , Wang L. S. , Lin Y‐H. , Lee I. 
Published: December 2010

LI H‐C., WANG L. S., LIN Y‐H. & LEE I. (2011) The effect of a peer‐mentoring strategy on student nurse stress reduction in clinical practice. International Nursing Review58, 203–210Background:  That nursing students suffer high levels of stress during clinical practice is a common topic in nursing education, but there are some effective strategies for dealing with it.Purpose:  The purpose of this study is to examine the effects that a peer mentoring program has on student nurses' stress levels during clinical practice.Methods:  A quasi‐experimental design was conducted. Forty‐nine junior level nursing students (n = 17 in the experimental group; n = 32 in the control group) were enrolled in the same medical‐surgical nursing class. Mentors were recruited from students who had received medical‐surgical experience before entering university. A 6‐point perceived Stress Scale for the nursing students' questionnaire was used to evaluate the stress level.Results:  Stress from ‘lack of professional knowledge and skills’ was the highest score before clinical practice in the experimental (3.78) and control (3.57) group, and also was the highest score after clinical practice in the control group (3.44). Stress from ‘assignments and workload’ was the highest score after clinical practice in experimental group (3.25). Wilcoxon matched paired signed ranks test revealed that there are no significant differences in stress scores between the two groups.Conclusions/Implications for practice:  Study findings reveal that there are various advantages and disadvantages to implementing peer mentoring programs. The clinical teacher needs to provide suitable support and encouragement to the mentor and mentee students during this program. These results might provide information that can be used in improving clinical internship experience for the students.
The Spatial Impact of Language Policies on the Marginal Bids for English Education in Hong Kong
Authors: MOK DIANA , LI LING‐HIN 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTIn 1997 the government of Hong Kong reformed its policy on the language medium for teaching at the secondary‐school level and removed schools' right to choose their own medium. Among the 404 public and “aided” secondary schools in Hong Kong, the government allowed only 100 to use English as the medium for teaching and required the remaining 304 to use the native language, Chinese. The authors assess the spatial impact of the policy reform and estimate the bid function for English‐language schools. The results show that the 1997 policy reform shifted parental preferences from public to private education and increased the marginal bid for proximity to private English schools by 2 percent. Following the reform, homeowners were willing to pay, on average, HK $8,400 for each additional 100 metres closer to a private English school.
Revisiting the Ungovernability Debate: Regional Governance and Sprawl in the USA and UK
Authors: HAGER CAROL 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article links contemporary critiques of regional governance to the ‘crisis of the state’ in the 1970s and 1980s. Using the example of the politics of sprawl, I explain why collaborative regional planning institutions in New Jersey and the East of England have received such low marks from government participants and local populations, despite their success in completing land‐use plans. I argue that these new governance institutions inadvertently revive issues of power, accountability and democratic legitimacy stemming from the crisis of the state. British and American governments interpreted it as a crisis of ungovernability, and their subsequent reforms were aimed at freeing state and market from societal demands. Berger, Castells and Harvey argue that, for many citizens, the crisis had more to do with the impermeability of the state to non‐economic quality of life concerns. Regional planning institutions rekindle this critique by offloading policy accountability to the regional level — from above in the UK case, from below in the USA case — while leaving the underlying power of state or market intact. Moreover, the ‘post‐political’ nature of the collaborative institutions prevents competing values from being debated and resolved. The result is a reemergence of legitimation issues around land use.RésuméLes critiques contemporaines sur la gouvernance régionale peuvent être reliées à la ‘crise de l'État’ des années 1970–1980. L'exemple de la politique d'étalement urbain permet ici d'expliquer pourquoi, bien qu'ayant réalisé leurs plans d'occupation des sols, les institutions collaboratives d'aménagement régional, dans le New Jersey comme dans l'Est de l'Angleterre, ont été si peu appréciées des acteurs gouvernementaux et des populations locales. Sans le vouloir, ces nouveaux organes de gouvernance ravivent des questions de pouvoir, de responsabilité et de légitimité démocratique qui découlent de la crise de l'État. Les gouvernements britannique et américain y ont vu une crise d'ingouvernabilité, produisant alors des réformes pour libérer l'État et le marché des revendications sociétales. Berger, Castells et Harvey avancent que, pour nombre de citoyens, la crise tenait davantage à un État hermétique aux préoccupations non économiques relevant de la qualité de la vie. Les nouvelles institutions attisent cette critique en déchargeant sur le niveau régional la responsabilité des politiques publiques (attribuée jusque‐là au niveau supérieur au Royaume‐Uni, et au niveau inférieur aux États‐Unis), sans pour autant atténuer le pouvoir sous‐jacent de l'État ou du marché. De plus, la nature ‘post‐politique’ des institutions collaboratives empêche les valeurs en concurrence d'être discutées et résolues. C'est ainsi que réapparaissent des questions de légitimité autour de l'utilisation des terrains.
Endovascular Revascularization of Chronic Symptomatic Vertebrobasilar Occlusion
Authors: Lin Ridwan , Aleu Aitziber , Jankowitz Brian , Kostov Dean , Kanaan Hilal , Horowitz Michael , Jovin Tudor 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEAcute basilar artery occlusion is associated with a high risk of stroke, mortality, and poor outcome in survivors. Timely vessel revascularization is critical to improve the clinical outcome in this condition. A subset of patients survives acute occlusion with mild or no disability and some of these individuals develop recurrent ischemic events despite optimal medical therapy. The strategy for management of these patients is unknown.CASE SUMMARYWe described 3 patients with chronic intracranial vertebrobasilar occlusions who presented with recurrent ischemic symptoms and progressive disability. All 3 patients were treated successfully with angioplasty and stenting. One patient experienced headache postprocedure and was found to have subarachnoid hemorrhage, which was self‐limiting without need for intervention or result in permanent neurological sequela. All 3 patients have been free of recurrent symptoms for up to 30 months.CONCLUSIONSRevascularization of chronic vertebrobasilar occlusions is technically feasible. Due to the high‐risk nature, it should be reserved as an option only for selected group of patients with recurrent ischemic symptoms and progressive disability despite maximal medical therapy. Further prospective study is helpful to clarify the role of this intervention.
Important Historical Efforts at Emergency Department Categorization in the United States and Implications for Regionalization
Authors: Mehrotra Abhishek , Sklar David P. , Tayal Vivek S. , Kocher Keith E. , Handel Daniel A. , Myles Riner R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article is drawn from a report created for the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) Emergency Department (ED) Categorization Task Force and also reflects the proceedings of a breakout session, “Beyond ED Categorization—Matching Networks to Patient Needs,” at the 2010 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference, “Beyond Regionalization: Integrated Networks of Emergency Care.” The authors describe a brief history of the significant national and state efforts at categorization and suggest reasons why many of these efforts failed to persevere or gain wider implementation. The history of efforts to categorize hospital (and ED) emergency services demonstrates recognition of the potential benefits of categorization, but reflects repeated failures to implement full categorization systems or limited excursions into categorization through licensing of EDs or designation of receiving and referral facilities. An understanding of the history of hospital and ED categorization could better inform current efforts to develop categorization schemes and processes.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:e154–e160 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Research Priorities for Administrative Challenges of Integrated Networks of Care
Authors: Pilgrim Randy , Hilton Joshua A. , Carrier Emily , Pines Jesse M. , Hufstetler Greg , Thorby Suzette , Milling T. J. , Cesta Beth , Hsia Renee Y. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn 2006, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) advanced the concept of “coordinated, regionalized, and accountable emergency care systems” to address significant problems with the delivery of emergency medical care in the United States. Achieving this vision requires the thoughtful implementation of well‐aligned, system‐level structures and processes that enhance access to emergency care and improve patient outcomes at a sustainable cost.Currently, the delivery of emergency medical care is supported by numerous administrative systems, including economic; reimbursement; legal and regulatory structures; licensure, credentialing, and accreditation processes; medicolegal systems; and quality reporting mechanisms. In addition, many regionalized systems may not optimize patient outcomes because of current administrative barriers that make it difficult for providers to deliver the best care. However, certain administrative barriers may also threaten the sustainability of integration efforts or prevent them altogether.This article identifies significant administrative challenges to integrating networks of emergency care in four specific areas: reimbursement, medical–legal, quality reporting mechanisms, and regulatory aspects. The authors propose a research agenda for indentifying optimal approaches that support consistent access to quality emergency care with improved outcomes for patients, at a sustainable cost. Researching administrative challenges will involve careful examination of the numerous natural experiments in the recent past and will be crucial to understand the impact as we embark on a new era of health reform.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1330–1336 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Prehospital Care and New Models of Regionalization
Authors: Cone David C. , Brooke Lerner E. , Band Roger A. , Renjilian Chris , Bobrow Bentley J. , Crawford Mechem C. , Carter Alix J. E. , Kupas Douglas F. , Spaite Daniel W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article summarizes the discussions of the emergency medical services (EMS) breakout session at the June 2010 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference “Beyond Regionalization: Integrated Networks of Emergency Care.” The group focused on prehospital issues such as the identification of patients by EMS personnel, protocol‐driven destination selection, bypassing closer nondesignated centers to transport patients directly to more distant designated specialty centers, and the modes of transport to be used as they relate to the regionalization of emergency care. It is our hope that the proposed research agenda will be advanced in a way that begins to rigorously approach the unanswered research questions and that these answers, in turn, will lead to an evidence‐based, cohesive, comprehensive, and more uniform set of guidelines that govern the delivery and practice of prehospital emergency care.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1337–1345 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Regionalized Care for Time‐critical Conditions: Lessons Learned From Existing Networks
Authors: Carr Brendan G. , Matthew Edwards J. , Martinez Ricardo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe 2010 Academic Emergency Medicine (AEM) consensus conference “Beyond Regionalization” aimed to place the design of a 21st century emergency care delivery system at the center of emergency medicine’s (EM’s) health policy research agenda. To examine the lessons learned from existing regional systems, consensus conference organizers convened a panel discussion made up of experts from the fields of acute care surgery, interventional cardiology, acute ischemic stroke, cardiac arrest, critical care medicine, pediatric EM, and medical toxicology. The organizers asked that each member provide insight into the barriers that slowed network creation and the solutions that allowed them to overcome barriers. For ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) management, the American Heart Association’s (AHA’s) Mission: Lifeline aims to increase compliance with existing guidelines through improvements in the chain of survival, including emergency medical services (EMS) protocols. Increasing use of therapeutic hypothermia post–cardiac arrest through a network of hospitals in Virginia has led to dramatic improvements in outcome. A regionalized network of acute stroke management in Cincinnati was discussed, in addition to the effect of pediatric referral centers on pediatric capabilities of surrounding facilities. The growing importance of telemedicine to a variety of emergencies, including trauma and critical care, was presented. Finally, the importance of establishing a robust reimbursement mechanism was illustrated by the threatened closure of poison control centers nationwide. The panel discussion added valuable insight into the possibilities of maximizing patient outcomes through regionalized systems of emergency care. A primary challenge remaining is for EM to help to integrate the existing and developing disease‐based systems of care into a more comprehensive emergency care system.Academic Emergency Medicine 2010; 17:1354–1358 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
2009 Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Guidelines for Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors:   Working Group Committee for the Preparation of Guidelines for Peritoneal Dialysis, Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe guidelines for peritoneal dialysis (PD) of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Treatment were prepared at 2009. Upon presenting a concrete frame of PD practiced in Japan, it aims to promote PD as a standardized therapy in Japan. Notably, the guidelines recommended combination therapy of PD and hemodialysis as a part of integrated renal replacement therapy for end‐stage renal disease, as well as timely PD withdrawal by peritoneal degeneration in order to prevent progression of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.
Saving wild tigers: A case study in biodiversity loss and challenges to be met for recovery beyond 2010
Authors: SEIDENSTICKER John 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWild tigers are being annihilated. Tiger range countries and their partners met at the 1st Asian Ministerial Conference on Tiger Conservation in January 2010 to mandate the creation of the Global Tiger Recovery Program to double the number of tigers by 2022. Only 3200–3600 wild adult tigers remain, approximately half of the population estimated a decade ago. Tigers now live in only 13 countries, all of which are experiencing severe environmental challenges and degradation from the effects of human population growth, brisk economic expansion, rapid urbanization, massive infrastructure development and climate change. The overarching challenge of tiger conservation, and the conservation of biodiversity generally, is that there is insufficient demand for the survival of wild tigers living in natural landscapes. This allows the criminal activities of poaching wild tigers and their prey and trafficking in tiger derivatives to flourish and tiger landscapes to be diminished. The Global Tiger Recovery Program will support scaling up of practices already proven effective in one or more tiger range countries that need wider policy support, usually resources, and new transnational actions that enhance the effectiveness of individual country actions. The program is built on robust National Tiger Recovery Priorities that are grouped into themes: (i) strengthening policies that protect tigers; (ii) protecting tiger conservation landscapes; (iii) scientific management and monitoring; (iv) engaging communities; (v) cooperative management of international tiger landscapes; (vi) eliminating transnational illegal wildlife trade; (vii) persuading people to stop consuming tiger; (viii) enhancing professional capacity of policy‐makers and practitioners; and (ix) developing sustainable, long‐term financing mechanisms for tiger and biodiversity conservation.
Using dogs for tiger conservation and research
Authors: KERLEY Linda L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper is a review of the history, development and efficacy of using dogs in wildlife studies and considers the use of dogs in the research and conservation of wild tigers (Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758). Using scat detection dogs, scent‐matching dogs, law enforcement detection dogs and protection dogs are proven methods that can be effectively used on tigers. These methods all take advantage of the dog's extremely evolved sense of smell that allows them to detect animals or animal byproducts (often the focus of tiger studies). Dogs can be trained to communicate this information to their handlers.
Securing a future for wild Indochinese tigers: Transforming tiger vacuums into tiger source sites
Authors: LYNAM Antony J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA century ago, tigers (Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758) were so common in parts of Southeast Asia as to be considered pests, and governments sponsored their killing. Habitat loss and fragmentation, market‐driven poaching and loss of prey have since led to the disappearance of Indochinese tigers from most their former range. Despite 15 years of dedicated tiger conservation funding, national estimates of Indochinese tiger subpopulations can at best only be roughly approximated. The future for the subspecies appears grim unless very focused efforts can be applied to stabilize and recover subpopulations. On a regional scale, the 2 proposed subspecies Panthera tigris corbetti and P. tigris jacksoni are effectively managed as separate conservation units. Evaluating where to place conservation efforts should consider the vulnerability (likelihood of extinction) and irreplaceability (likelihood that an area contributes uniquely to regional conservation) of tiger subpopulations. Only 1 site in Thailand supporting <200 individuals (Huai Kha Khaeng–Thung Yai) is considered low vulnerability, and is irreplaceable. Five sites in Lao, Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia are medium vulnerability and irreplaceable. Priorities at these 6 sites are to double tiger numbers within 10 years through protection and monitoring. Seven sites in Lao, Thailand and Myanmar are high vulnerability and irreplaceable, and might be recovered if government commitment to tigers, staff capacity and legal frameworks for tiger protection are established. Tigers are extremely vulnerable or even extinct in Cambodia's Eastern Plains and the site is irreplaceable for tigers because it represents the only large (>10 000 km2) block of dry forest habitat available in the region. A reintroduction program is the only option to recover tigers there.
Improving effectiveness of protection efforts in tiger source sites: Developing a framework for law enforcement monitoring using MIST
Authors: STOKES Emma J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWild tigers are in a critical state with an estimated population decline of more than 95% over the past century. Improving the capacity and effectiveness of law enforcement in reducing poaching of tigers is an immediate priority to secure remaining wild populations in source sites. From 2008–2010, standardized patrol‐based law enforcement monitoring (LEM) was established under the Tigers Forever Program across 8 key tiger sites in order to improve and evaluate law enforcement interventions. Patrol‐based monitoring has the distinct advantage of providing regular and rapid information on illegal activities and ranger performance, although, until recently, it has received relatively little scrutiny from the conservation community. The present paper outlines a framework for implementation of LEM in tiger source sites using MIST, a computerized management information system for ranger‐based data collection. The framework addresses many of the technical, practical and institutional challenges involved in the design, implementation, sustainability and evaluation of LEM. Adoption of such a framework for LEM is a cost‐effective strategy to improve the efficiency of law enforcement efforts, to increase the motivation of enforcement staff and to promote the accountability of law enforcement agencies in addressing threats to tigers. When combined with independent, systematic and science‐based monitoring of tigers and their prey, LEM has great potential for evaluating the effectiveness of protection‐based conservation investments.
Effect of Storage Conditions on the Solubility and Viscosity of β‐Glucan Extracted from Bread under In Vitro Conditions
Authors: Moriartey Stephanie , Temelli Feral , Vasanthan Thava 
Published: December 2010

Abstract:  The viscosity and solubility of β‐glucan in muffins have been shown to be reduced by certain storage conditions, though the effect of storage on bread fortified with barley β‐glucan concentrate has not been investigated. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of storage temperature and time (23 °C for 1, 4, and 7 d, 4 °C for 4, 7, and 14 d, and −20 °C for 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk) on the solubility and viscosity of β‐glucan upon incorporation into bread at levels corresponding to 0 or 1.5 g β‐glucan/serving, with or without vital gluten addition. The firmness and moisture content of bread following each storage treatment were also evaluated. The highest moisture and lowest firmness values were found in fresh bread, though these parameters were still maintained at appreciable levels upon room temperature storage of the 1.5 g β‐glucan/serving bread with added gluten and at either room temperature or frozen storage for the 1.5 g β‐glucan/serving bread for 4 d. If it is desirable to store bread for 7 d or more, frozen storage should be utilized in order to best maintain bread moisture and firmness levels. It is recommended that β‐glucan‐fortified bread be consumed fresh for greatest β‐glucan solubility and viscosity, though β‐glucan solubility of approximately 40% is still achievable upon frozen storage of the bread for up to 2 wk. It is still unclear, however, as to what extent of reductions in the solubility and viscosity of β‐glucan would lower its physiological effectiveness.Practical Application:  Previous research has demonstrated that solubility and thus viscosity of β‐glucan, which is an important property associated with its health benefits can be impacted by different storage conditions applied to some bakery products, like muffins. This study demonstrates the extent of changes in the solubility and viscosity of β‐glucan incorporated into bread. Therefore, storage time and temperature should be optimized to minimize changes in β‐glucan for maintaining its efficacy for its health benefits.