bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges in ductal carcinoma in situ risk communication and decision‐making
Authors: Partridge Ann H. , Elmore Joann G. , Saslow Debbie , McCaskill‐Stevens Worta , Schnitt Stuart J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn September 2010, the American Cancer Society and National Cancer Institute convened a conference to review current issues in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) risk communication and decision‐making and to identify directions for future research. Specific topics included patient and health care provider knowledge and attitudes about DCIS and its treatment, how to explain DCIS to patients given the heterogeneity of the disease, consideration of nomenclature changes, and the usefulness of decision tools/aids. This report describes the proceedings of the workshop in the context of the current literature and discusses future directions. Evidence suggests that there is a lack of clarity about the implications and risks of a diagnosis of DCIS among patients, providers, and researchers. Research is needed to understand better the biology and mechanisms of the progression of DCIS to invasive breast cancer and the factors that predict those subtypes of DCIS that do not progress, as well as efforts to improve the communication and informed decision‐making surrounding DCIS. CA Cancer J Clin 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Une fracture Nord/Sud au sein de l'UE
Authors: Alméras Guillaume 
Published: April 2012

Quant à l’ € , on ne se livrera ici à aucun pronostic. À ce stade (début 2012), l’incertitude est totale. On soulignera donc tout à la fois les échecs de la monnaie unique et le fait que des demi-mesures, après tout, pourraient bien suffire à la sauver ! Toutefois, la crise de la zone € a fait apparaître une fracture Nord/Sud au sein de l’UE qui oblige à un certain scepticisme face aux solutions prônant plus de fédéralisme. Au vu de cette fracture et derrière les désordres monétaires actuels, la construction européenne parait réclamer aujourd’hui une refondation sans doute plus radicale.
Mémoires berlinoises, ou « l’heure zéro » de Billy Wilder
Authors: Despoix Philippe 
Published: April 2012

L’auteur du présent article examine le contexte dans lequel Billy Wilder, en mission à Berlin pour l’armée américaine en 1945, est amené à inaugurer un genre nouveau, une « comédie de ruines » qui croise les représentations des vainqueurs et celles des vaincus. A Foreign Affair (1948), mettant en scène Marlène Dietrich en tant qu’« ancienne nazie », sera sa réponse cinématographique à « l’heure zéro » allemande. C’est en travaillant à partir des images documentaires et des genres déjà existants que le film acquiert paradoxalement une dimension de témoignage mémoriel unique.
Les ingénieurs sanitaires à Montréal, 1870–1945 : Lieux de formation et exercice de la profession
Authors: Gagnon Robert , Zwarich Natasha 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Cet article a pour objet les ingénieurs sanitaires à Montréal depuis leur émergence, au XIXe siècle, jusqu’au milieu du siècle dernier. Peu étudiés par les historiens de la médecine et, plus généralement, par les spécialistes de l’histoire urbaine, ces experts ont pourtant joué un rôle de premier plan dans la mise en place de certaines infrastructures liées à la santé publique. Il est cependant difficile de retracer l’histoire d’un groupe qui ne s’est pas incarné dans des organismes de représentation et dont la formation, à l’intérieur des écoles de génie ou des facultés de médecine, ne s’est pas complètement autonomisée. En retraçant l’itinéraire de carrière de quelques ingénieurs sanitaires et en analysant le développement de l’enseignement du génie sanitaire à Montréal, nous avons tenté de jeter un peu de lumière sur un groupe d’experts relativement méconnus en histoire urbaine.
Social Gospel in the City: Rev. W. E. Gilroy and Hamilton Clergymen Respond to Labour Issues, 1911–1918
Authors: Turkstra Melissa 
Published: April 2012

This paper examines clergymen’s response to labour issues in early-twentieth-century Hamilton, Ontario. While the majority of Hamilton clergymen ignored the issue of labour, a small group of ministers, with Congregational minister W. E. Gilroy at the helm, established strong ties with organized labour. These ministers championed labour’s cause both inside and outside the pulpit. In addition to making labour issues a regular subject of their sermons, they organized workingmen’s meetings to discuss social issues, publicly supported and spoke at the meetings of working-class organizations, and positioned themselves on the side of unemployed and striking workers.
Empowerment des victimes d’actes criminels
Authors: Cyr Katie , Anne Wemmers Jo-Anne 
Published: April 2012

À travers l’analyse du discours de 15 victimes de crimes interrogées au sujet de leur processus de reprise de contrôle à la suite du délit dont elles ont été l’objet, on remarque que les victimes semblent se distancier des procédures judiciaires en cours. Elles prennent conscience qu’elles doivent prendre en charge leur propre rétablissement, puisque le système judiciaire ne pourra leur venir en aide à cet égard. Les victimes se sentent ignorées par les autorités judiciaires, et la majorité attribuent le traitement reçu à leur « statut » de victime plutôt qu’à leurs caractéristiques personnelles, ce qui les pousse à refuser ce statut, à entreprendre des actions valorisantes dans diverses sphères de leur vie, et à mobiliser des ressources extérieures au système judiciaire afin de prendre en charge leur rétablissement. L’exclusion et l’absence d’information sur les procédures en cours et sur les recours disponibles engendrent un sentiment d’impuissance chez les victimes. Garantir des droits d’information et de consultation lors des procédures pénales serait ainsi susceptible d’améliorer l’expérience des victimes d’actes criminels.
Figures de l’altérité dans le documentaire brésilien contemporain
Authors: Guimarães César , Loyola Alice 
Published: April 2012

En tenant compte du contexte de la production brésilienne de documentaires au cours des deux dernières décennies, cet article décrit quelques figures de l’altérité qui, au milieu de la pauvreté et de la violence, émergent des espaces quotidiens. Ce faisant, il aborde les difficultés touchant la représentation de « celui de l’autre classe sociale » et fait ressortir le caractère de la fameuse « ethnographie discrète » qu’Ismail Xavier a reconnue dans les films d’Eduardo Coutinho, tout en portant une attention particulière à l’apparition de la figure de la femme ou de l’homme de la rue dansBoca de Lixo.
La musique de Pierre Mercure à l’affiche de spectacles de danse
Authors: Caron Claudine 
Published: April 2012

Le catalogue des oeuvres de Pierre Mercure reste des plus énigmatiques ; manuscrits introuvables et bandes magnétiques perdues seraient en cause. Tourné vers les spectacles de danse lors desquels ses oeuvres ont été diffusées – entre 1948 et 1964, Pierre Mercure compose onze musique de danse – , cet article propose d’en retracer l’histoire à partir des photographies, des programmes de spectacles et des articles de presse. Nous verrons par ce corpus comment Mercure repense la composition au fil des années en explorant des trajectoires originales dans son écriture, en utilisant des outils et des techniques des studios de musique électroacoustique et en revisitant le cadre du concert conventionnel avec, d’une part, des danseurs, de l’équipement technologique en lieu et place des interprètes et, d’autre part, un éclairage spécialisé et la participation de collaborateurs en arts visuels. Pierre Mercure aura certes été un grand créateur aux côtés des artistes de Refus global et ceux-ci auront naturellement contribué à la diffusion et à la réception de la musique contemporaine au Québec.
“The most exclusive village in the world”: The Utilization of Space by the Victorian Aristocracy during the London Season
Authors: Wilkins Kathryn 
Published: April 2012

On 18 May 1859, after a “smutty journey,”<renvoi id="re1no2" idref="no2" typeref="note">2</renvoi> Lucy Lyttelton stepped from a Britschka carriage onto the pavement of Stratton Street, Piccadilly, in the heart of the West End of London. Accompanied by her politician father, and her elder sister Meriel, Lucy had migrated from Hagley Hall, the family’s country estate in Worcestershire. Four weeks later, Lucy travelled to St. James’s Palace with “awestruck anticipation,”<renvoi id="re1no3" idref="no3" typeref="note">3</renvoi> to be presented to Queen Victoria; she was officially “out” in Society. For the three months that followed, Lucy was engaged in a whirl of socializing that characterised the West End during the period. She attended concerts and dinner parties dressed in expensive gowns, and danced with eligible suitors in crowded ballrooms. During the day, she rode along Rotten Row in Hyde Park in the family’s carriage, accompanied by her Aunt Catherine, the wife of Prime Minister William Gladstone. In the afternoon she gossiped with her equally aristocratic and titled friends, plotting the capture of a suitable husband at the next ball or private party. Lucy’s life in London was mirrored by thousands of other debutantes and their families, each a constituent part of the “London Season.” The social whirl that occurred in this corner of the capital during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries had significant implications for the nature of the West End at the time. The character and meaning of individual houses and streets, and entire neighbourhoods, were altered by the activities of elite families such as Lucy’s to the extent that the London Season can be understood to have been of fundamental importance in shaping space in this corner of London. This paper analyzes in depth this relationship between space and the London Season, identifying specifically the impact elites had on the West End. In so doing, the research moves beyond previous literature regarding the Season to understand the part-time nature of space, the way in which gated communities were created, the influence of elite fashion on residential spaces, and the close relationship between space and status formed during this period. These analyses make important contributions to a critical understanding of the location of the Season in the West End, and the importance of this space to the elite in the nineteenth century.
Loisirs dansants de la bourgeoisie anglo-montréalaise. Transformation et persistance des lieux de pratique, 1870–1940
Authors: Roquigny Peggy 
Published: April 2012

Cet article, qui porte sur l’analyse des différents espaces dans lesquels la bourgeoisie anglo-montréalaise pratique l’activité dansante récréative entre 1870 et 1940, a pour objet d’examiner la tendance à l’exclusivisme couramment associée au mode de vie et aux activités des élites. Nous pensons en effet que l’exclusivisme est possible dans chaque forme d’activité dansante, mais de façon variable, selon le type d’activité et l’espace dans lequel elle se déroule. Pour appuyer cette hypothèse, nous analyserons quatre types d’espaces dans lesquels la bourgeoisie anglo-montréalaise peut s’adonner à la danse récréative entre 1870 et 1940. Nous nous attarderons d’abord sur deux espaces privés, entièrement contrôlés par l’élite : les résidences privées et les locaux des associations bourgeoises. Nous verrons ensuite comment le développement de trois grands hôtels, le Windsor, le Ritz-Carlton puis l’hôtel Mont-Royal, a amené de nouvelles perspectives et une redéfinition partielle de la notion d’exclusivisme. Nous verrons enfin comment les commerces de danse de Saint-Antoine Nord, quartier traditionnellement attaché à la bourgeoisie anglo-montréalaise, parviennent à concilier leur ouverture au public et un certain exclusivisme.
Hydrogen Sintering of Titanium to Produce High Density Fine Grain Titanium Alloys
Authors: Fang Zhigang Zak , Sun Pei , Wang Hongtao 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTitanium powder is typically sintered in high vacuum to achieve high density and low oxygen. Sintered materials usually have coarse grain size or coarse lamellar structure if it is the Ti–6Al–4V alloy. A novel process—hydrogen sintering and phase transformation (HSPT)—for sintering Ti in hydrogen is studied in this paper that can produce near‐fully dense (>99%CP‐Ti, >98%Ti–6Al–4V) Ti materials with very fine grain size (<1.0µm) in as‐sintered state. This presents a potential opportunity for low cost manufacturing of powder metallurgy Ti materials with superior mechanical properties.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydroquinazolinones from Imines and 2‐Aminobenzamides
Authors: Cheng Dao‐Juan , Tian Yu , Tian Shi‐Kai 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn unprecedented catalytic asymmetric synthesis of aminal‐containing heterocyclic compounds has been developed from imines and tethered nitrogen/nitrogen nucleophiles. In the presence of 10 mol% of a commercially available chiral phosphoric acid, a range of aromatic, α,β‐unsaturated, and aliphatic imines react with 2‐aminobenzamides to give dihydroquinazolinones in good to excellent yields and ee. The enantioselectivity is significantly affected by the imine N‐substituent through non‐bonding interactions with the chiral phosphoric acid and the 2‐aminobenzamide.
One‐Step Catalytic Enantioselective α‐Quaternary 5‐Hydroxyproline Synthesis: An Asymmetric Entry to Highly Functionalized α‐Quaternary Proline Derivatives
Authors: Breistein Palle , Johansson Jonas , Ibrahem Ismail , Lin Shuangzheng , Deiana Luca , Sun Junliang , Cordova Armando 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe highly enantioselective cascade reaction between N‐protected α‐cyanoglycine esters and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes is disclosed. The reaction represents a one‐step entry to polysubstituted 5‐hydroxyproline derivatives having a quaternary α‐stereocenter generally in high yields with up to >95:5 dr and 99:1 er. It is also a direct catalytic two‐step entry to functionalized α‐quaternary proline derivatives.
Carboxylation of Terminal Alkynes with Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Poly(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene)‐Supported Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Dingyi , Tan Mei Xuan , Zhang Yugen 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) polymer supported silver nanoparticle catalyst system was developed. The novel nano‐composite catalyst demonstrated very high activity and excellent stability and reusability in the carboxylation of terminal alkynes with carbon dioxide at ambient conditions. The unique N‐heterocyclic carbene polymer and silver nanoparticle composite structure provided a synergistic effect on activation of terminal alkynes and carbon dioxide that contributed to the high catalytic activity. The poly‐NHC‐silver catalyst exhibited excellent substrate generality and tolerance to various functionalities. In addition, the catalyst is stable to air and moisture and can be easily recovered and reused.
Genome‐wide search for replicable risk gene regions in alcohol and nicotine co‐dependence
Authors: Zuo Lingjun , Zhang Fengyu , Zhang Heping , Zhang Xiang‐Yang , Wang Fei , Li Chiang‐Shan R. , Lu Lingeng , Hong Jiang , Lu Lin , Krystal John , Deng Hong‐Wen , Luo Xingguang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe present study searched for replicable risk genomic regions for alcohol and nicotine co‐dependence using a genome‐wide association strategy. The data contained a total of 3,143 subjects including 818 European‐American (EA) cases with alcohol and nicotine co‐dependence, 1,396 EA controls, 449 African‐American (AA) cases, and 480 AA controls. We performed separate genome‐wide association analyses in EAs and AAs and a meta‐analysis to derive combinedP‐values, and calculated the genome‐wide false discovery rate (FDR) for each SNP. Regions withP < 5 × 10−7together with FDR < 0.05 in the meta‐analysis were examined to detect all replicable risk SNPs across EAs, AAs, and meta‐analysis. These SNPs were followed with a series of functional expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses. We found a unique genome‐wide significant gene region—SH3BP5‐NR2C2—that was enriched with 11 replicable risk SNPs for alcohol and nicotine co‐dependence. The distributions of −log(P) values for all SNP‐disease associations within this region were consistent across EAs, AAs, and meta‐analysis (0.315 ≤ r ≤ 0.868; 8.1 × 10−52 ≤ P ≤ 3.6 × 10−5). In the meta‐analysis, this region was the only association peak throughout chromosome 3 atP < 0.0001. All replicable risk markers available for eQTL analysis had nominalcis‐ andtrans‐acting regulatory effects on gene expression. The transcript expression of the genes in this region was regulated partly by several nicotine dependence (ND)‐related genes and significantly correlated with transcript expression of many alcohol dependence‐ and ND‐related genes. We concluded that theSH3BP5‐NR2C2region on Chromosome 3 might harbor causal loci for alcohol and nicotine co‐dependence. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mitochondrial genome diversity in the tubalar, even, and ulchi: Contribution to prehistory of native siberians and their affinities to native americans
Authors: Sukernik Rem I. , Volodko Natalia V. , Mazunin Ilya O. , Eltsov Nikolai P. , Dryomov Stanislav V. , Starikovskaya Elena B. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTo fill remaining gaps in mitochondrial DNA diversity in the least surveyed eastern and western flanks of Siberia, 391 mtDNA samples (144 Tubalar from Altai, 87 Even from northeastern Siberia, and 160 Ulchi from the Russian Far East) were characterized via high‐resolution restriction fragment length polymorphism/single nucleotide polymorphisms analysis. The subhaplogroup structure was extended through complete sequencing of 67 mtDNA samples selected from these and other related native Siberians. Specifically, we have focused on the evolutionary histories of the derivatives of M and N haplogroups, putatively reflecting different phases of settling Siberia by early modern humans. Population history and phylogeography of the resulting mtDNA genomes, combined with those from previously published data sets, revealed a wide range of tribal‐ and region‐specific mtDNA haplotypes that emerged or diversified in Siberia before or after the last glacial maximum, ∼18 kya. Spatial distribution and ages of the “east” and “west” Eurasian mtDNA haploclusters suggest that anatomically modern humans that originally colonized Altai derived from macrohaplogroup N and came from Southwest Asia around 38,000 years ago. The derivatives of macrohaplogroup M, which largely emerged or diversified within the Russian Far East, came along with subsequent migrations to West Siberia millennia later. The last glacial maximum played a critical role in the timing and character of the settlement of the Siberian subcontinent. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hawaii longline tuna fishery temporal trends in standardized catch rates and length distributions and effects on pelagic and seamount ecosystems
Authors: Gilman Eric , Chaloupka Milani , Read Andrew , Dalzell Paul , Holetschek Jörg , Curtice Corrie 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

Declines in absolute abundance and altered size distributions from size‐selective removals of market species of pelagic apex predators in tuna fisheries alters evolutionary characteristics of populations and ecosystem processes and stability. Pelagic fishing at seamounts, where hyperstability of pelagic predators may occur, can exacerbate declining abundance and have high bycatch of species groups that are highly vulnerable to overexploitation.
Generalized additive mixed Poisson regression models (GAMMs) were fitted to Hawaii longline tuna fishery observer data to determine temporal trends in standardized catch rates, an index for local, relative abundance. Temporal trends in expectile length distributions were determined through geoadditive expectile GAMMs.
Significant declining trends in relative abundance in this fishery were observed for tunas, sharks and billfish. A decline in seabird standardized catch rate occurred concurrently with the uptake of seabird bycatch mitigation technology. Changed spatial distribution of fishing effort and increased use of wider circle hooks likely contributed to a declining sea turtle standardized catch rate.
Tuna and billfish mean lengths significantly increased over the time series due to entire distributions of length classes having shifted towards larger fish. Larger tunas comprised a larger proportion of the catch due to fewer small tunas being caught, and to a lesser extent because mean lengths of larger size classes increased. Conversely, billfish largest length classes experienced the largest increases in average lengths. Changes in spatial and seasonal distributions of fishing effort, increased use of wider circle hooks, and possibly increasing purse seine selective removals of juvenile tunas, may have contributed to increased selectivity for larger fish.
Significant differences in standardized catch rates and length distributions at a shallow seamount vs. the open ocean confirms the aggregating effect of seamounts on pelagic predators, including juvenile market species of pelagic fish and species groups relatively vulnerable to overexploitation.
Wider circle hooks significantly improved valuable tuna standardized catch rates, but also increased unwanted shark and reduced valuable billfish standardized catch rates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiplex fluorometric assessment of nutrient limitation as a strategy for enhanced lipid enrichment and harvesting of Neochloris oleoabundans
Authors: Davis Ryan W. , Volponi Joanne V. , Jones Howland D.T. , Carvalho Benjamin J. , Wu Huawen , Singh Seema 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDetailed in this study are the results of fluorometric assays used to assess the impact of gradual nutrient limitation versus punctuated nitrate limitation on the lipid content and morphology of Neochloris oleoabundans cells in batch culture. Punctuated nitrate limitation was imposed during pre‐log, log, late‐log, stationary, and senescent growth phases, and the cells were analyzed by bulk fluorescence emission, flow cytometry, and hyperspectral fluorescence imaging. In addition to intrinsic spectroscopic signatures provided by scatter and endogenous fluorescence, Nile Red staining was employed to monitor relative changes in lipid concentration. Analysis of the fluorescence images and temporal data sets was performed using multivariate curve resolution and fitting to logistic growth models to extract parameters of interest. The spectral components independently isolated from the image and temporal data sets showed close agreement with one another, especially relating to chlorophylls and Nile Red in polar and neutral lipid fractions, respectively. The fastest accumulation and highest total neutral lipid per cell and per chlorophyll were obtained with punctuated nitrate limitation during log phase growth on day 4 of culture. The presence of unbound chlorophyll in the resulting lipid bodies supports a membrane recycling TAG accumulation mechanism mediated by chloropolast–ER lipid exchange. Furthermore, an increase in cell size, indicated by forward scatter, was also found to correlate with increased neutral lipid, providing a size selection mechanism for passive harvest of algal cells at peak lipid enrichment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 2503–2512. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.