bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of the Zargoli granite: Implications for development of the Sistan Suture Zone, southeastern Iran
Authors: Rezaei‐Kahkhaei Mehdi , Kananian Ali , Esmaeily Dariush , Asiabanha Abbas 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe Zargoli granite, which extends in a northeast–southwest direction, intrudes into the Eocene–Oligocene regional metamorphic flysch‐type sediments in the northwest of Zahedan. This pluton, based on modal and geochemical classification, is composed of biotite granite and biotite granodiorite, was contaminated by country rocks during its emplacement, and is slightly changed to more aluminous. The SiO2 content of these rocks range from 62.4 to 66 wt% with an alumina saturation index of Shand [molar Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O)] ∼ 1.1. Most of its chemical variations could be explained by fractionation or heterogeneous distribution of biotite. The features of the rocks resemble those which are typical to post‐collisional granitoids. Chondrite‐normalized rare‐earth element patterns of these rocks are fractionated at (La/Lu)N = 2.25–11.82 with a pronounced negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 3.25–5.26). Zircon saturation thermometry provides a good estimation of magma temperatures (767.4–789.3°C) for zircon crystallization. These characteristics together with the moderate Mg# [100Mg/(Mg + Fe)] values (44–55), Fe + Mg + Ti (millications) = 130–175, and Al–(Na + K + 2Ca) (millications) = 5–50 may suggest that these rocks have been derived from the dehydration partial melting of quartz–feldspathic meta‐igneous lower crust.
Autogamy in Boronia falcifolia: consequences for inbreeding and persistence in fragmented coastal heaths
Authors: SHAPCOTT ALISON , THOMSON AMANDA , WALTON DAVID , LAMONT ROBERT W. , WALLACE HELEN M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCoastal heath is becoming increasingly fragmented, resulting in reduced pollinator abundance affecting species viability. The reproductive ecology and inbreeding of a common coastal heath species, Boronia falcifolia (Rutaceae), was investigated. Pollination observations and experiments were carried out at one site, and inbreeding was assessed using genetic markers at eight populations. Four pollination treatments were assessed: cross‐pollination, self‐pollination, autogamous pollination and open (insect) pollination. Boronia falcifolia was found to be highly self‐compatible, frequently setting seeds from autogamous pollination. There were no significant differences between the autogamous, self and cross pollen treatments for any measures of reproductive success (pollen tube growth, fruit set, swollen locules and seed production). Insect activity resulted in fewer seeds per fruit than hand cross pollination, although pollinator visits were few. All populations studied were highly inbred. Autogamous self‐pollination is widespread in B. falcifolia and this combined with its ability to vegetatively regenerate enhances its potential for survival when pollinators are few.
Crossing barriers between the unrewarding Mediterranean orchids Serapias vomeracea and Serapias cordigera
Authors: BELLUSCI FRANCESCA , PELLEGRINO GIUSEPPE , PALERMO ANNA MARIA , MUSACCHIO ALDO 
Published: February 2010

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic architecture of admixed hybridizing populations helps in evaluating the nature of species boundaries and the levels of gene exchange between co‐occurring species. In the present study, we examined a contact zone between Serapias vomeracea and Serapias cordigera, two unrewarding Mediterranean orchid species with a non‐specific pollination strategy. Fruit production and seed viability from interspecific hand‐pollination treatments pointed out the weaknesses of post‐pollination barriers. The occurrence of hybridization was molecularly confirmed in the genus Serapias for the first time, as parts of plants with a transitional morphology were observed in both alleles of the parental LEAFY intron. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that plants with uncertain morphology and classified as one of the other parental species are actually backcrosses, attesting to an extensive interspecific gene exchange. Overall, the contact zone is more similar to a hybrid zone of Ophrys species, well known for their highly specialized pollination, than to a hybrid zone of unspecialized food‐deceptive orchids. Therefore, species boundaries in Serapias are maintained by pre‐pollination mechanisms that need to be better investigated. In light of the intriguing similarities between Serapias and Ophrys underlined by the present study, we hypothesize that the emission of floral scents could be involved in the maintenance of species boundaries in Serapias.
Evolution of obligate pollination mutualism in the tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae)
Authors: KAWAKITA ATSUSHI 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe landmark discovery of obligate pollination mutualism between Glochidion plants and Epicephala moths has sparked increased interest in the pollination systems of Phyllantheae plants. In this paper I review current information on the natural history and evolutionary history of obligate pollination mutualism in Phyllantheae. Currently, an estimated >500 species are mutualistic with Epicephala moths that actively pollinate flowers and whose progeny feed on the resulting seeds. The Phyllantheae also includes species that are not mutualistic with Epicephala moths and are instead pollinated by bees and/or flies or ants. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the mutualism evolved independently five times within Phyllantheae, whereas active pollination behavior, a key innovation in this mutualism, evolved once in Epicephala. Reversal of mutualism has occurred at least once in both partner lineages, involving a Breynia species that evolved an alternative pollination system and a derived clade of Epicephala that colonized ant‐pollinated Phyllantheae hosts and thereby lost the pollinating habit. The plant–moth association is highly species specific, although a strict one‐to‐one assumption is not perfectly met. A comparison of plant and moth phylogenies suggests signs of parallel speciation, but partner switches have occurred repeatedly at a range of taxonomic levels. Overall, the remarkable species diversity and multiple originations of the mutualism provide excellent opportunities to address many important questions on mutualism and the coevolutionary process. Although research on the biology of the mutualism is still in its infancy, the Phyllantheae–Epicephala association holds promise as a new model system in ecology and evolutionary biology.
The future of urodynamics: Non‐invasive ultrasound videourodynamics
Authors: Ozawa Hideo , Igarashi Tatsuo , Uematsu Katsutoshi , Watanabe Toyohiko , Kumon Hiromi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA totally non‐invasive transperineal urodynamic technique using Doppler ultrasonography has been developed. Normal urine doesn't have blood cells so urine was thought not to produce Doppler effects. However, basic studies confirmed that the decrease of pressure at high velocity (Bernoulli effects) caused dissolved gas to form microbubbles, which are detected by Doppler ultrasonography. Subjects sat and a probe was advanced via remote control to achieve gentle contact with the perineal skin. The digital uroflow data signals and the color Doppler ultrasound video images were processed on a personal computer. This method was viable to diagnose the degree of bladder outlet obstruction. The advantage of being rapid, effective, and equipped with no special attachments allows it to surpass any other non‐invasive urodynamic methods. The difference between the echocardiogram and the ultrasound urodynamic system is only the frequency of obtaining velocity information: more than 50 times per minute vs once every several hours, respectively. Although the ultrasound urodynamic system is more difficult to develop than the echocardiogram, one principle is shared by both methods. The patient can void freely without interruptions, there is no contact between the penis and the equipment and it is specifically directed toward non‐invasive diagnosis. The development of non‐invasive Doppler ultrasound videourodynamics will dramatically expand understanding of voiding function.
An academy of surgical educators: sustaining education – enhancing innovation and scholarship
Authors: Collins John P. , Gough Ian R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractContext:  The aims of surgical education, training and professional development programmes are to ensure surgeons will provide high quality health care throughout their professional lives. Development and delivery of these programmes requires a mixture of surgeons with a different but complimentary range of competencies in medical education, all eager to facilitate learning and support educational scholarship.Methods:  The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons has undertaken a major review of the challenges, risks and opportunities surrounding the development and delivery of its education and continuing professional development programmes.Results:  Conflicting demands on surgeons' time have compromised their availability for educational activities. At the same time, a decline has occurred in the recognition and value of teaching and educational scholarship as a consequence of financial rewards and prestige now coming principally from patient care and biomedical research. New educational methods have been introduced which have added to the complexities involved and the level of commitments required. In response, the College and its surgical specialty partners have established an Academy of Surgical Educators as a resource for the nine specialties of surgery. It will promote high quality patient care by providing expert educational leadership, guidance and advice and through the advancement and application of educational scholarship.Conclusion:  The establishment of the Academy serves as a powerful symbol of the importance the College places on its core responsibility as an educational body. Working in association with the University Departments of Surgery throughout Australia and New Zealand, the Academy will better equip the College and its partner Specialist Societies and Associations to meet and sustain the increasingly sophisticated requirements involved in higher education.
The safety and efficacy of ablative techniques adjacent to the hepatic vasculature and biliary system
Authors: Mann Christopher D. , Metcalfe Matthew S. , Lloyd David M. , Maddern Guy J. , Dennison Ashley R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAblative techniques may provide an alternative to resection in treating awkwardly placed hepatic malignancy adjacent to major vascular and biliary structures. The heat‐sink effect may reduce efficacy adjacent to major vascular structures. Vascular occlusion improves efficacy but is associated with increased vascular and biliary complications. The safety and efficacy of ablation in these situations remain to be defined. Further studies comparing both safety and efficacy are needed.
Can the outcome of open carpal tunnel release be predicted?: a review of the literature
Authors: Turner Alexandra , Kimble Frank , Gulyás Károly , Ball Jennifer 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCarpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition affecting 1% of the population. Open carpal tunnel release is the most commonly performed procedure for this condition.About 70–90% of patients have good to excellent long‐term outcomes with open carpal tunnel release. The remainder have poor outcomes. An understanding of factors which predict a poor outcome following open carpal tunnel release would be of benefit during preoperative counselling, and provides more accurate expectations of outcomes after surgery. We reviewed the published literature in the English language over the last 20 years in an attempt to ascertain predictors of poor outcomes following open carpal tunnel release. Patient factors such as age, sex and weight were not found to be predictors of a poor outcome following open carpal tunnel release. Similarly, physical examination had little usefulness, save for abductor pollicis wasting, for predicting post‐surgical functional limitations, symptoms or satisfaction. Co‐morbid conditions such as diabetes, poor health status, thoracic outlet syndrome, double crush, alcohol and smoking have a worse prognosis. Normal nerve conduction studies preoperatively, direct nerve surgery such as neurolysis, abductor pollicis brevis muscle wasting and workers' compensation cases which involve lawyers preoperatively are all associated with worse outcomes. Postoperative physiotherapy may accelerate recovery but neither modifies functional recovery or reduces symptom occurrence.
The structure of bacterial communities in the western Arctic Ocean as revealed by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes
Authors: Kirchman David L. , Cottrell Matthew T. , Lovejoy Connie 
Published: February 2010

SummaryBacterial communities in the surface layer of the oceans consist of a few abundant phylotypes and many rare ones, most with unknown ecological functions and unclear roles in biogeochemical processes. To test hypotheses about relationships between abundant and rare phylotypes, we examined bacterial communities in the western Arctic Ocean using pyrosequence data of the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Samples were collected from various locations in the Chukchi Sea, the Beaufort Sea and Franklin Bay in summer and winter. We found that bacterial communities differed between summer and winter at a few locations, but overall there was no significant difference between the two seasons in spite of large differences in biogeochemical properties. The sequence data suggested that abundant phylotypes remained abundant while rare phylotypes remained rare between the two seasons and among the Arctic regions examined here, arguing against the ‘seed bank’ hypothesis. Phylotype richness was calculated for various bacterial groups defined by sequence similarity or by phylogeny (phyla and proteobacterial classes). Abundant bacterial groups had higher within‐group diversity than rare groups, suggesting that the ecological success of a bacterial lineage depends on diversity rather than on the dominance of a few phylotypes. In these Arctic waters, in spite of dramatic variation in several biogeochemical properties, bacterial community structure was remarkably stable over time and among regions, and any variation was due to the abundant phylotypes rather than rare ones.
Ischaemia‐reperfusion injury in renal transplantation: the role of nitric oxide in an experimental rat model
Authors: Barakat Nashwa , Hussein Abdel‐Aziz M. , Abdel‐Maboud Mahmoud , El‐shair Mahasen A. , Mostafa Amal , Abol‐Enein Hassan 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury in a renal transplant rat model, as I/R injury is a common consequence of renal transplantation and NO has many protective properties that might protect the kidney after I/R injury.MATERIALS AND METHODSIn all, 30 male Sprague‐Dawley rats weighing 350–400 g and aged 4–6 months underwent renal transplantation and received FK506 (an immunosuppressant) to overcome early acute rejection episodes. The rats were divided randomly into three groups (10 rats each): Group I, treated with FK506 (2 mg/kg body weight [bw], once daily), served as the control group; Group II, treated with FK506 2 mg/kg bw and L‐arginine 300 mg/kg bw; and Group III, treated with FK506 (2 mg/kg bw) and,n‐omega‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME; 50 mg/kg bw). Urine and blood samples were taken at 0 (before operation), 2, 7, and 14 days after transplantation for estimation of urine sodium, creatinine, fractional excretion of sodium, serum creatinine, sodium, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Kidney specimens were taken for histological examination by light microscopy.RESULTSSerum creatinine and BUN levels significantly decreased in the L‐arginine‐treated group (bothP< 0.001) while they were significantly increased in the L‐NAME‐treated group (P< 0.005 andP< 0.001, respectively) compared with the control group at all time intervals. Light microscopic examination of the renal biopsies in the control group showed acute tubular necrosis, which was minimal in kidneys transplanted and treated with L‐arginine and more markedly with L‐NAME.CONCLUSIONI/R injury impaired graft function during the first week after transplantation. Injection of L‐arginine before ischaemia antagonized graft deterioration and improved morphological appearance.
Time, clinic technologies, and the making of reflexive longevity: the cultural work of time left in an ageing society
Authors: Kaufman Sharon R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDevelopments in clinical intervention are having a profound impact on health and health behaviours in late life and on ideas about longevity and the appropriate time for death. The fact that the timing of death is even considered to be a controllable event is a relatively new cultural phenomenon. The activities that make up life extension, like other medical practices scrutinised by social scientists, constitute a site for the emergence of new forms of subjectivity. For older adults the clinical encounter forces a calculation about how much time left is wanted in relation to age. The twin dimensions of the transformation of time highlighted in this article – the control over the timing of death and the creation of time left– both contribute to and are a widespread effect of biomedicalisation in affluent sectors of society. Through three stories this paper begins to map the cultural work that the concept, time left, does, the socio‐medical ways in which that notion is talked about, organised and calculated in the American clinic today. It asks, what kind of subject emerges when longevity, imbued with the technological, becomes a reflexive practice and an object of intervention and apparent choice?
Developmental coordination disorder, sex, and activity deficit over time: a longitudinal analysis of participation trajectories in children with and without coordination difficulties
Authors: CAIRNEY JOHN , HAY JOHN A , VELDHUIZEN SCOTT , MISSIUNA CHERYL , FAUGHT BRENT E 
Published: February 2010

Aim  Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are known to participate in active play less than typically developing children. However, it is not known whether the activity deficit between children with and without DCD widens or diminishes over time.Method  Data were obtained from a large, prospective cohort study of children (baseline n=2278, total n=2470). Motor coordination was assessed for 2083 students using the short form of the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Participation in organized and free‐play activities was assessed using a participation questionnaire on five occasions over 3 years. Mixed‐effects modelling was used to examine differences in participation over time between children with probable DCD (pDCD, n=111, 46 males, 65 females) and their typically developing peers (n=1972, 1016 males, 956 females). The mean age for the whole sample was 9 years 11 months (SD 5mo) at assessment 1, 10 years 5 months (SD 5mo) at assessment 2, 10 years 11 months (SD 5mo) at assessment 3, 11 years 4 months (SD 4mo) at assessment 4, and 11 years 11 months (SD 4mo) at assessment 5.Results  Children with pDCD reported less participation in organized and free‐play activities than their typically developing peers, and these differences persisted over time. Among males, the gap in participation in free‐play activities between those with DCD and typically developing children diminished substantially over time; among females, it increased slightly.Interpretation  DCD is associated with a persistent activity deficit in children. Its effect on participation appears to be particularly serious among females but may diminish with time among males.
Non‐mycosis fungoides cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: reclassification according to the WHO‐EORTC classification
Authors: Weaver Joshua , Mahindra Anuj Kumar , Pohlman Brad , Jin Tao , Hsi Eric D. 
Published: February 2010

Background: Non‐mycosis fungoides (non‐MF) primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (PCTCL) are heterogeneous and divided into subgroups by the World Health Organization‐European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (WHO‐EORTC) classification of cutaneous lymphomas. We report the first North American series to examine the applicability of the classification, compare our findings with the predominant European literature and confirm the significance of separation into the indolent and aggressive groups. Methods: Forty‐four non‐MF PCTCL cases with available tissue for phenotyping, adequate clinical staging information and follow‐up were reclassified according to the WHO‐EORTC classification. Results: Non‐MF PCTCL had a longer overall survival (OS) (13.8 years) compared with secondary cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (SC‐TCL) (2.5 years). Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PC‐ALCL) had the most favorable outcome (OS 14.1 years), whereas secondary and primary peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, unspecified had the shortest OS (2.5 and 2.4 years, respectively). Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium‐sized pleomorphic T‐cell lymphoma (CTLCD4) appeared to have a favorable course. Conclusions: Most non‐MF PCTCL can be classified according to the WHO‐EORTC classification. The relative frequencies are similar to European experience. Non‐MF PCTCL is a heterogeneous group with a favorable outcome compared to SC‐TCL, especially PC‐ALCL and CTLCD4. Separation of non‐MF PCTCL into indolent and aggressive groups appears clinically significant and may provide direction for therapeutic decisions.Weaver J, Mahindra AK, Pohlman B, Jin T, His ED. Non‐mycosis fungoides cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: reclassification according to the WHO‐EORTC classification.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Antiphospholipid Antibodies Limit Trophoblast Migration by Reducing IL‐6 Production and STAT3 Activity
Authors: Mulla Melissa J. , Myrtolli Kledia , Brosens Jan J. , Chamley Larry W. , Kwak‐Kim Joanne Y. , Paidas Michael J. , Abrahams Vikki M. 
Published: February 2010

Citation Mulla MJ, Myrtolli K, Brosens JJ, Chamley LW, Kwak‐Kim JY, Paidas MJ, Abrahams VM. Antiphospholipid antibodies limit trophoblast migration by reducing IL‐6 production and STAT3 activity. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010ProblemWomen with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are at risk of recurrent miscarriage and pre‐eclampsia. aPL target the placenta by binding to β2‐glycoprotein I (β2 GPI) expressed by the trophoblast. The objective of this study was to evaluate if and how aPL affect first trimester trophoblast migration.Method of studyFirst trimester trophoblast cells were treated with anti‐β2 GPI monoclonal antibodies. Migration was determined using a two‐chamber assay. Interleukin (IL)‐6 production was evaluated by RT‐PCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation was assessed by western blot.ResultsTrophoblast cells constitutively secreted IL‐6 in a time‐dependent manner and this directly correlated with STAT3 phosphorylation. In the presence of anti‐β2 GPI Abs, trophoblast IL‐6 mRNA levels and secretion was downregulated in a Toll‐like receptor 4/MyD88‐independent manner and this correlated with a reduction in phosphorylated STAT3 levels. In addition, the anti‐β2 GPI Abs reduced the migratory potential of trophoblast. Heparin was able to reverse aPL‐dependent inhibition of trophoblast IL‐6 secretion and migration.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that aPL limit trophoblast cell migration by downregulating trophoblast IL‐6 secretion and STAT3 activity. As heparin was unable to prevent these effects, our findings may explain why women with antiphospholipid syndrome, treated with heparin, remain at risk of developing obstetrical syndromes, associated with impaired deep placentation, such as pre‐eclampsia.