bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The FRAXopathies: Definition, overview, and update
Authors: Pirozzi Filomena , Tabolacci Elisabetta , Neri Giovanni 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe fragile X syndrome, fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome, and premature ovarian insufficiency are conditions related to the X chromosome folate‐sensitive fragile site FRAXA. Therefore, we propose that they are considered as a family of disorders under the general designation of FRAXopathies. The present review will outline the main clinical and molecular features of these disorders, with special emphasis on the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to distinct phenotypes, starting from related mutations. The understanding of these mechanisms is already generating promising therapeutic approaches. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial intellectual disability and autistic behavior caused by a small FMR2 gene deletion
Authors: Stettner Georg M. , Shoukier Moneef , Höger Christoph , Brockmann Knut , Auber Bernd 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAlterations of the Fragile Mental Retardation 2 gene (FMR2, synonym AFF2) can result in non‐specific, mild to borderline X‐linked intellectual disability (XLID), and behavioral problems. The well‐known molecular pathomechanism of this condition, also referred to as FRAXE, is a (CCG)n trinucleotide repeat expansion which leads to silencing of the FMR2 gene. However, deletions within the FMR2 gene may also be causative of the disorder. Here, we report on two brothers diagnosed with FRAXE in whom a small deletion in the FMR2 gene was detected by whole genome array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The deletion was also present in their clinically healthy mother and maternal uncle who was similarly affected, but not in a healthy older brother of the two patients. Our observation demonstrates that FMR2 gene deletions may contribute to the FRAXE phenotype. Therefore, we suggest that screening for FMR2 gene deletions using array CGH should be considered in patients with non‐specific XLID and absent trinucleotide expansion. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of the new cellulose derivative films based on the hydroxyethyl cellulose prepared from “Stipa Tenacissima” cellulose of Eastern Morocco. I. Solubility study
Authors: Abderahmane Elidrissi , El barkany Soufian , Hassan Amhamdi , Abdel‐Karim Maaroufi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHydroxyethyl cellulose Acetate (HECA) was prepared starting from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), acetic anhydride and perchloric acid which was used as catalyst. The synthesized product was characterized by FTIR, 13C NMR, and 1H NMR. Substitution degree (DS) of HECA was determined using FTIR spectra taking a classical titration method as reference. The 1H NMR spectroscopy was also used to confirm the results obtained by FTIR. The DS is substantially affected by the temperature, the time of reaction and especially the equivalent number (eq. nb.) of the acetic anhydride added. We have studied and discussed in the context of usage in modification reactions, the solubility of the HECA samples by varying their DS. This investigation was based on the determination of the Flory‐Huggins interaction parameters (χSP) using the partial Hansen solubility parameters (HSP). HSP of HEC and the HECA samples were calculated from the Van‐Krevlen‐Hoftyze (VKH) method and the T. Lindvig approximation. We have focused our work on predicting and controlling family solvents of HECA with various DS, to facilitate and to optimize the homogenous modification reaction conditions. From results on a range of HECA samples, it is conclude that their prediction solubility taking the value of DS into account is possible, and then the surface modification can relatively be easily realized. The thermal analysis study shows some differences in Tg and thermal degradation between HEC and HECA, moreover these thermal temperatures are influenced by DS values. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Polystyrene‐block‐polylactide obtained by the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and ring‐opening polymerization with a commercial dual initiator
Authors: Dirany Mohammed , Lacroix‐Desmazes Patrick , Vayer Marylène , Erre René , Boutevin Bernard , Sinturel Christophe 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA polystyrene (PS)‐b‐polylactide (PLA) block copolymer was prepared from the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and ring‐opening polymerization with commercially available 2,2,2‐tribromoethanol as a dual initiator in a sequential two‐step procedure. Hydroxyl‐terminated polystyrene (PS‐OH)s with various molecular weights were first prepared with polydispersity indices lower than 1.3; these provided valuable macroinitiators for the polymerization ofD,L‐lactide. A block copolymer with a composition allowing the formation of hexagonally packed PLA cylinders in a PS matrix was then obtained. The PS‐b‐PLA thin films revealed, after vapor solvent annealing, a hexagonally packed organization of the PLA cylinders, which was oriented perpendicularly to the surface of the film. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Evaluation and modeling of the mechanical behavior of carbon nanoparticle/rubber‐modified polyethylene nanocomposites
Authors: Mahmoud Waleed E. , Al‐Ghamdi A. A. , Al‐Marzouki F. , Al‐Ameer S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRecently, the production of polymers loaded with inorganic nanomaterials has been one of the most economical techniques playing a special role in improving the physical and mechanical properties of nanocomposites. Rubbers loaded with different concentrations of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) were synthesized. The mechanical properties were tested according to standard methods. It was found that the properties of the investigated nanocomposites were improved, depending on the concentration of CNPs in the investigated composite. The optimum concentration was found to be 1.3 vol %. Affine deformation based on the Mooney–Rivilin model was used to visualize the effect of CNPs on the rubber. When polyethylene (PE) was added to rubber/CNPs at the optimum concentration (12.4 vol %), the modulus, tear resistance, and fatigue life were increased, whereas the tensile strength decreased, and the strain at rupture remained almost same. A crosslink model was used to explain the influence of PE on the rubber/CNP nanocomposites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Soft PVC foams: Study of the gelation, fusion, and foaming processes. II. Adipate, citrate and other types of plasticizers
Authors: Zoller Agnes , Marcilla Antonio 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPlasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the most useful polymeric materials on an industrial scale because of its processability, wide range of obtainable properties, and low cost. PVC plastisols are used in the production of flexible PVC foams. Phthalates are the most used plasticizers for PVC, and in a previous article (part I of this series), we discussed the influence of phthalate ester type plasticizers on the foaming process and on the quality of the foams obtained from the corresponding plastisols. Because the use of phthalate plasticizers has been questioned because of possible health implications, the objective of this work was to undertake a similar study with 11 commercial alternative plasticizers to phthalates. The evolution of the dynamic and extensional viscosity and the interactions and thermal transitions undergone by the plastisols during the heating process were studied. Foams were obtained by rotational molding and were characterized by the determination of their thermomechanical properties, density, and cell size distribution. Correlations were obtained between the molecular weight and structure of the plasticizer and the behavior of the corresponding plastisols. After the characterization of the final foamed product, we concluded that foams of relatively good quality could be prepared with alternative plasticizers for replacing phthalates. Several plasticizers {Mesamoll (alkylsulfonic phenyl ester), Eastman 168 [bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate], Hexamoll [di(isononyl) cyclohexane‐1,2‐dicarboxylate], Citroflex A4 acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), and Plastomoll (dihexyl adipate)} were found to be interesting alternatives in the production of soft PVC foams because they provided very good quality foams with properties similar to, or even better than, those obtained with phthalate plasticizers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Polylactide toughening with epoxy‐functionalized grafted acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene particles
Authors: Sun Shulin , Zhang Mingyao , Zhang Huixuan , Zhang Xiumei 
Published: July 2011

AbstractGlycidyl methacrylate functionalized acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS‐g‐GMA) particles were prepared and used to toughen polylactide (PLA). The characteristic absorption at 1728 cm−1 of the Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted onto the polybutadiene phase of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS). Chemical reactions analysis indicated that compatibilization and crosslinking reactions took place simultaneously between the epoxy groups of ABS‐g‐GMA and the end carboxyl or hydroxyl groups of PLA and that the increase of GMA content improved the reaction degree. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that 1 wt % GMA was sufficient to satisfy the compatibilization and that ABS‐g‐GMA particles with 1 wt % GMA dispersed in PLA uniformly. A further increase of GMA content induced the agglomeration of ABS‐g‐GMA particles because of crosslinking reactions. Dynamic mechanical analysis testing showed that the miscibility between PLA and ABS improved with the introduction of GMA onto ABS particles because of compatibilization reactions. The storage modulus decreased for the PLA blends with increasing GMA content. The decrease in the storage modulus was due to the chemical reactions in the PLA/ABS‐g‐GMA blends, which improved the viscosity and decreased the crystallization of PLA. A notched impact strength of 540 J/m was achieved for the PLA/ABS‐g‐GMA blend with 1 wt % GMA, which was 27 times than the impact strength of pure PLA, and a further increase in the GMA content in the ABS‐g‐GMA particles was not beneficial to the toughness improvement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Corrosion inhibition of aluminum with a 3‐(10‐sodium sulfonate decyloxy) aniline monomeric surfactant and its analog polymer in a 0.5M hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: El‐Deeb M. M. , Mohamed S. M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe inhibitory effect of a 3‐(10‐sodium sulfonate decyloxy) aniline monomeric surfactant and the analog polymeric surfactant poly[3‐(decyloxy sulfonic acid) aniline] (PC10) on the corrosion of aluminum in 0.5M hydrochloric acid was studied with weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The results show that the inhibition occurred through the adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing inhibitor concentration and decrease with increasing temperature. It was found that these inhibitors acted as mixed‐type inhibitors with anodic predominance. The adsorption of these compounds on the metal surface obeyed the Langmuir and Frumkin adsorption isotherms. Thermodynamic functions for both the dissolution and adsorption processes were determined. The obtained results from the weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization techniques were in a good agreement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Processable high Tg high strength fluorinated new poly(arylene ether)s containing imido aryl group
Authors: Kumar Mohanty Aruna , Kumar Sen Suman , Banerjee Susanta 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA series of poly(arylene ether)s (7a–7f) were successfully synthesized by aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions of imidoaryl biphenol (5), 4,9‐bis‐(4‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐2‐phenyl‐benzo[f]isoindole‐1,3‐dione with six different trifluoromethyl substituted bisfluoro monomers (6a–6f). The weight‐average molar masses of the polymers were up to 280 kD as measured by GPC. These poly(arylene ether)s exhibited glass transition temperatures up to 361°C in DSC. These polymers showed very high thermal stability up to 558°C for 10% weight loss under synthetic air in TGA. Except 7d–7f, remaining polymers 7a–7c were soluble in a wide range of organic solvents. Transparent thin films of these polymers cast from DCM or NMP exhibited tensile strengths up to 75 MPa and elongation at break up to 41% depending on their exact repeating unit structures. These poly(arylene ether)s showed cut‐off wavelength in between 400 and 450 nm except 7d and water absorption were in the range of 0.4 to 0.6%. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The effect of feedstock cost on biofuel cost as exemplified by biomethane production from grass silage
Authors: McEniry Joseph , O'Kiely Padraig , Crosson Paul , Groom Elaine , Murphy Jerry D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe potential variance in feedstock costs can have significant implications for the cost of a biofuel and the financial viability of a biofuel facility. This paper employs the Grange Feed Costing Model to assess the cost of on‐farm biomethane production using grass silages produced under a range of management scenarios. These costs were compared with the cost of wheat grain and sugarbeet roots for ethanol production at an industrial scale.Of the three feedstocks examined, grass silage represents the cheapest feedstock per GJ of biofuel produced. At a production cost of €27/tonne (t) feedstock (or €150/t volatile solids (VS)), the feedstock production cost of grass silage per gigajoule (GJ) of biofuel (€12.27) is lower than that of sugarbeet (€16.82) and wheat grain (€18.61). Grass biomethane is also the cheapest biofuel when grass silage is costed at the bottom quartile purchase price of silage of €19/t (€93/t VS). However, when considering the production costs (full‐costing) of the three feedstocks, the total cost of grass biomethane (€32.37/GJ of biofuel; intensive 2‐cut system) from a small on‐farm facility ranks between that of sugarbeet (€29.62) and wheat grain ethanol (€34.31) produced in large industrial facilities.The feedstock costs for the above three biofuels represent 0.38, 0.57, and 0.54 of the total biofuel cost. The importance of feedstock cost on biofuel cost is further highlighted by the 0.43 increase in the cost of biomethane when grass silage is priced at the top quartile (€46/t or €232/t VS) compared to the bottom quartile purchase price. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Pushing wrist access to the limit
Authors: Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Zuffi Andrea , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA 67‐year‐old man underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction. The right radial artery was the access of choice. After easy cannulation, a 360‐degree loop was found at the elbow level. The brachial artery and a large ulnar artery were visible by injecting contrast through the radial loop. After an unsuccessful attempt to engage the loop, the operator switched entry site for the homolateral ulnar artery. Leaving the radial sheath in place, the cannulation of the ulnar artery was successful and uncomplicated. The operator could easily perform a successful intervention of the culprit vessel. An angiogram of the wrist, via the ulnar sheath showed the presence of a big interosseous artery with flow up to the hand and no flow in the radial and ulnar arteries distal to the sheaths. The ulnar and radial arteries were successfully sealed after a few hours, a valid pulsation was present on both arteries and no signs of ischemia were evident in the right hand the day after. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes of small coronary artery stenting with bare‐metal stents versus drug‐eluting stents: Results from the NHLBI dynamic registry
Authors: Parikh Shailja V. , Luna Michael , Selzer Faith , Marroquin Oscar C. , Mulukutla Suresh R. , Abbott J. Dawn , Holper Elizabeth M. 
Published: July 2011

ObjectivesExamine 1‐year outcomes of patients with small coronary arteries in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Dynamic Registry (NHLBI) undergoing drug‐eluting stent (DES) vs. bare‐metal stent (BMS) placement.BackgroundWhile randomized trials of DES vs. BMS demonstrate reduced target vessel revascularization, it is unclear whether similar outcomes are seen in unselected patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for small coronary arteries.MethodsUtilizing patients from the NHLBI Registry Waves 1–3 for BMS (1997–2002) and Waves 4–5 for DES (2004 and 2006), demographic, angiographic, in‐hospital, and 1‐year outcome data of patients with small coronary arteries treated with BMS (n = 686) vs. DES (n = 669) were evaluated. Small coronary artery was defined as 2.50–3.00 mm in diameter.ResultsCompared to BMS‐treated patients, the mean lesion length of treated lesions was longer in the DES treated group (16.7 vs. 13.1 mm, P < 0.001) and the mean reference vessel size of attempted lesions was smaller (2.6 vs. 2.7 mm, P < 0.001). Adjusted analyses of 1‐year outcomes revealed that DES patients were at lower risk to undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17–0.95, P = 0.04), repeat PCI (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35–0.82, P = 0.004), and experience the combined major adverse cardiovascular event rate (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42–0.83, P = 0.002). There was no difference in the risk of death and myocardial infarction (MI) (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.46–1.35, P = 0.38).ConclusionsIn this real‐world registry, patients with small coronary arteries treated with DES had significantly lower rates of repeat revascularization and major adverse cardiovascular events at 1 year compared to patients treated with BMS, with no increase in the risk of death and MI. These data confirm the efficacy and safety of DES over BMS in the treatment of small coronary arteries in routine clinical practice. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coil embolization for distal left main aneurysm: A new approach to coronary artery aneurysm treatment
Authors: Saccà Salvatore , Pacchioni Andrea , Nikas Dimitrios 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCoronary artery aneurysm is an uncommon disease, whose natural history and therapeutic approach are still controversial: medical therapy, surgical revascularization with or without aneurysm ligation or excision, and endovascular exclusion with membrane covered stents are all accepted and viable options, according to anatomic characteristics. Intracranial aneurysms are adequately treated by means of coil embolization, an option that, to our knowledge, has never been tested in coronary interventions. We report the first case of a coronary aneurysm involving the distal left main and the proximal left anterior descending artery treated with “stent‐assisted” coil embolization. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcomes of cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention for in‐hospital ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation cardiac arrest
Authors: Helton Thomas J. , Nadig Vidya , Subramanya Sriharsha D. , Menon Venu , Ellis Stephen G. , Shishehbor Mehdi H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective: This study examined outcomes of patients with sudden cardiac death attributable to primary ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) that underwent cardiac catheterization with or without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: The decision to perform cardiac catheterization and PCI in resuscitated patients with sudden cardiac death remains controversial. Prior data suggest a potential benefit from percutaneous revascularization. Methods: All patients with an in‐hospital pulseless VT or VF cardiac arrest from August 2002 to February 2008 who underwent cardiac catheterization were included. Retrospective chart review was performed to obtain clinical, neurologic, and angiographic data. Primary endpoints were all‐cause mortality and neurologic outcome. Results: Two thousand and thirty‐four patients had in‐hospital cardiac arrest, of these 116 had pulseless VT or VF and were resuscitated and 93 (80%) underwent coronary angiography. The median time to follow‐up was 1.3 years (IQR: 0.5–2.9 years). Obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) was observed in 74 (79%) individuals, of whom 37 underwent PCI. Thirty‐five patients with obstructive CAD (47%) died compared to 41% with nonobstructive CAD. In unadjusted and multivariable adjusted analysis PCI was not associated with lower mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.54, 95% CI, 0.79–3.02, P = 0.20). No significant differences were noted in neurologic status at discharge (P = 0.49). Conclusion: In this study, an aggressive revascularization strategy with PCI did not confer a survival advantage nor was it associated with improved neurologic outcomes. There was no suggestion of harm with PCI and further studies are necessary to identify potential subgroups that may benefit from revascularization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First‐in‐man transcatheter aortic valve implantation of a 20‐mm edwards SAPIEN XT valve: One step forward for the treatment of patients with severe aortic stenosis and small aortic annulus
Authors: Rodés‐Cabau Josep , DeLarochellière Robert , Dumont Eric 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe present the case of an 85‐year‐old woman diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis, porcelain aorta, and a small aortic annulus (17.3 mm), who underwent successful transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with a 20‐mm Edwards SAPIEN XT valve using the NovaFlex+ delivery system. At 1‐month follow‐up the patient was in NYHA functional class I, and Doppler echocardiography showed a mean residual gradient of 15 mm Hg and trivial paravalvular aortic regurgitation. This case, which shows for the first time the feasibility of TAVI with a 20‐mm valve, opens a new avenue for the challenging treatment of patients with aortic stenosis and a small aortic annulus. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel mother and child technique with a 4F inner catheter based on proper alignment of both catheters
Authors: Ashikaga Takashi , Sakurai Kaoru , Satoh Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe occasionally encounter difficult cases of stent and balloon delivery to the distal lesion due to severe calcification or tortuosity of the proximal section. We describe a novel mother and child technique with a 4F inner catheter based on proper alignment of both catheters to deliver balloon, stent, and guide catheter to the distal lesion. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.