bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Hip Muscle Weakness a Predisposing Factor for Patellofemoral Pain in Female Novice Runners? A Prospective Study
Authors: Thijs Youri , Pattyn Els , Van Tiggelen Damien , Rombaut Lies , Witvrouw Erik 
Published: June 2011

Background: Hip muscle weakness has been proposed to contribute to patellofemoral malalignment and the development of the patellofemoral dysfunction syndrome (PFDS). However, from the retrospective studies that have addressed this issue, it is still unclear if hip muscle weakness is a cause or a consequence of PFDS. Purpose: This study was undertaken to investigate if hip muscle weakness is a predisposing factor for the development of PFDS. Study Design: Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Before the start of a 10-week “start to run” program, the isometric strength of the hip flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor, and external and internal rotator muscles was measured in 77 healthy female novice runners. During the 10-week training period, patellofemoral pain was diagnosed and registered by an orthopaedic surgeon. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in strength of any of the assessed hip muscle groups between the runners who did and did not develop PFDS. Logistic regression analysis did not identify a deviation in strength of any of the assessed hip muscle groups as a risk factor for PFDS. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that isometric hip muscle strength might not be a predisposing factor for the development of PFDS.
Treatment of Jones Fracture Nonunions and Refractures in the Elite Athlete
Authors: Hunt Kenneth J. , Anderson Robert B. 
Published: June 2011

Background: Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal metaphysis (ie, the Jones fracture) can be problematic in the elite athlete because of a high incidence of nonunion and refracture with nonoperative treatment. Although these fractures are not common, athletes can suffer refracture or nonunion of a Jones fracture despite operative stabilization. This is often attributable to hardware of insufficient strength, aggressive postoperative rehabilitation, or biologic insufficiency at the fracture site. Purpose: The authors review the results of revision intramedullary screw fixation with cancellous autologous bone grafting or bone-marrow aspirate combined with demineralized bone matrix after refracture or nonunion of Jones fractures in elite athletes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiographic outcomes and return to sport in 21 elite athletes undergoing treatment of Jones fracture refractures or nonunions. All patients underwent intramedullary screw fixation with autologous bone graft (12 patients), bone-marrow aspirate (BMA) + demineralized bone matrix (DBM) (8 patients), or no bone graft (1 patient). Results: All athletes were able to return to their previous level of athletic competition at an average of 12.3 weeks. All fractures showed clinical and radiographic evidence of compete cortical healing. Only 1 patient subsequently suffered a refracture. Conclusion: The authors recommend revision fixation with a large, solid screw (5.5 mm or larger) and autologous bone grafting for symptomatic refractures and nonunions of the proximal fifth metatarsal in elite athletes. Additional investigation is needed to determine whether BMA combined with DBM is an effective substitute for cancellous autograft.
Critical evaluation of on-engine fuel consumption measurement
Authors: Burke R D , Brace C J , Hawley J G 
Published: June 2011

To enable continued development and facilitate the adoption of new internal combustion engine technologies, the accuracy and repeatability of measurement methods used for verification need to be improved upon. A variety of methods are available for the measurement of fuel consumption based on the volumetric or gravimetric principle or by equating carbon in the fuel to carbon in the exhaust flow. Measurements of fuel consumption from five different experimental campaigns with varying engine set-ups are presented, highlighting discrepancies between gravimetric fuel balance and exhaust feed gas carbon balance. Differences were larger for cold-start tests and if all correction factors are neglected offsets can reach 7 per cent. The carbon balance and gravimetric methods have been considered independently to identify sources of inaccuracy and improvements have been suggested in the form of correction factors. The carbon balance estimate is dependent on a number of separate measurements, all taken at different conditions. To account for these, two correction factors were compared, the first proposed by the British Standards Institution and the second derived from the experimental conditions of each of the measurements. The gravimetric measurement was affected by changes in fuel temperature within the fuelling circuit and a corrective method was proposed based on the change in fuel density. When correction factors were applied to each of the measurement techniques for the five experimental campaigns, discrepancies were less than 1 per cent, which, in most cases, was small enough for there to be no statistically significant difference between measurements. In addition, in some cases the scatter of results was reduced, contributing to improved test-to-test repeatability. The improved performance when using correction factors was explained by including known disturbances, such as fuel temperature and ambient humidity, as inputs to the measurement system.
Modelling shattered rim cracking in railroad wheels
Authors: Sura V , Mahadevan S 
Published: June 2011

Shattered rim cracking, propagation of a subsurface crack parallel to the tread surface, is one of the dominant railroad wheel failure types observed in North America. This crack initiation and propagation life depends on several factors, such as wheel rim thickness, wheel load, residual stresses in the rim, and the size and location of material defects in the rim. This article investigates the effect of the above-mentioned parameters on shattered rim cracking, using finite element analysis and fracture mechanics. This cracking is modelled using a three-dimensional, multiresolution, elastic–plastic finite element model of a railroad wheel. Material defects are modelled as mathematically sharp cracks. Rolling contact loading is simulated by applying the wheel load on the tread surface over a Hertzian contact area. The equivalent stress intensity factor ranges at the subsurface crack tips are estimated using uni-modal stress intensity factors obtained from the finite element analysis and a mixed-mode crack growth model. The residual stress and wheel wear effects are also included in modelling shattered rim cracking. The analysis results show that the sensitive depth below the tread surface for shattered rim cracking ranges from 19.05 to 22.23 mm, which is in good agreement with field observations. The relationship of the equivalent stress intensity factor (Δ K eq) at the crack tip to the load magnitude is observed to be approximately linear. The analysis results show that the equivalent stress intensity factor (Δ K eq) at the crack tip depends significantly on the residual stress state in the wheel. Consideration of as-manufactured residual stresses decreases the Δ K eq at the crack tip by about 40 per cent compared to that of no residual stress state, whereas consideration of service-induced residual stresses increases the Δ K eq at the crack tip by about 50 per cent compared to that of as-manufactured residual stress state. In summary, the methodology developed in this article can help to predict whether a shattered rim crack will propagate for a given set of parameters, such as load magnitude, rim thickness, crack size, crack location, and residual stress state.
Chronic polyarthritis as the first manifestation of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Cavalcante EGN , Aikawa NE , Lozano RG , Lotito APN , Jesus AA , Silva CA 
Published: June 2011

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of chronic polyarthritis in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) and to describe the manifestations, treatments, and outcomes in these patients. Methods: From January 1983 to July 2010, 5419 patients were followed up at the Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of the University Hospital and 271 (5%) of them had JSLE (American College of Rheumatology [ACR] criteria). ‘Rhupus’ was classified as the overlap of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (International League of Associations for Rheumatology [ILAR] criteria) and JSLE. We evaluated demographic data, polyarthritis and other clinical manifestations, disease activity and damage, laboratory exams, radiographic findings, treatments, and outcomes. Results: The prevalence of chronic polyarthritis in this JSLE population was 2.6% (7/271). This articular involvement was the initial manifestation in all seven JSLE patients. The median duration of chronic polyarthritis was 11 months (range 2–15 months). Interestingly, rhupus with chronic polyarthritis and limitation of movement, presence of rheumatoid factor, autoantibodies, and/or radiographic abnormalities (juxtaarticular osteopenia, joint-space narrowing, or erosions) was evidenced in three patients. No patient had deformities of hands and feet associated with Jaccoud’s arthropathy or osteonecrosis. All patients were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, naproxen 10–15 mg/kg/day) when polyarthritis diagnosis was established. Prednisone and antimalarials were administered at JSLE diagnosis. The three non-responsive rhupus patients were treated in conjunction with immunosuppressive drugs (methotrexate, azathioprine, and/or cyclosporine). Conclusions: Chronic polyarthritis was a rare lupus manifestation in active pediatric patients. The interesting overlap between chronic arthritis and lupus, called rhupus suggests a new entity with a different clinical profile and a poor response to treatment with NSAIDs alone. In addition, the occurrence of this association in JSLE patients could be classified as a clinical sub-group of JSLE with possible specific genetic determinants.
Lack of association of interleukin-18 gene promoter −607 A/C polymorphism with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases: a meta-analysis
Authors: Pan H-F , Leng R-X , Ye D-Q 
Published: June 2011

Objective: Published data on the association between interleukin (IL)-18 gene promoter −607 A/C polymorphism and autoimmune diseases risk are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. Methods: A total of 17 studies, including six studies on type 1 diabetes (T1D), four on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), five on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), three on Crohn’s Disease (CD) and three on ulcerative colitis (UC), were available for the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed for genotypes A/A (recessive effect), genotypes A/A + A/C (dominant effect), and A allele in fixed or random-effects models. Results: Overall, no significantly elevated autoimmune diseases risk was found in all genetic models when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. The overall odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for A-allele were T1D (OR = 0.938, 95% CI = 0.757–1.162), RA (OR = 0.759, 95% CI = 0.540–1.067), SLE (OR = 0.858, 95% CI = 0.609–1.208), CD (OR = 1.159, 95% CI = 0.975–1.379) and UC (OR = 1.170, 95% CI = 0.977–1.402), respectively. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, there was still no significant association detected in all genetic models. Conclusions: To date, there is still not enough evidence to indicate the association of IL-18 gene promoter −607 A/C polymorphism and the development of autoimmune diseases.
Development of a simplified dynamic testing device for turfed sports surfaces
Authors: Caple M C J , James I T , Bartlett M D , Bartlett D I 
Published: June 2011

The response of natural turf surfaces to loading changes with the force and loading rate applied. Quantification of surface behaviour to athlete loading is complicated by the lack of devices that replicate forces, stresses and loading rates of athletes that can be specifically used on natural turf. To address this issue, a vertical dynamic impact testing device, the DST, was developed. The DST consists of a compressed air-driven ram that vertically impacts a studded test foot on to the surface using data from biomechanical studies. The vertical dynamic stress of athlete foot strike during running is replicated, using peak force and mean boot contact area data. The ram pressure is adjustable to allow variation of the stress applied upon impact, potentially replicating a range of athlete–surface interactions. Initial laboratory testing indicated that the device was sensitive to changes in soil condition due to variations in impact data. Total penetration time and distance, and surface energy absorption were all significantly greater in prepared ‘soft’ soil treatments ( p < 0.05). The loading rate in the first 50 ms after impact was significantly greater in the ‘hardest’ soil treatment ( p < 0.05). Future research work will determine in situ behaviour of actual playing surfaces, compare device loading rates to those of athletes, and assess surfaces to a range of stresses.
Systematic Review of Arthroscopic Versus Open Repair for Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocations
Authors: Godin Jonathan , Sekiya Jon K. 
Published: June 2011

Context: It remains unknown if arthroscopic repair of recurrent anterior shoulder instability is as effective as open repair. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the literature to provide clinical recommendations regarding the most appropriate therapeutic intervention for recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Study Design: Systematic review of level I and II studies. Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and secondary references from 1967 to March 2010 were appraised for studies that met the inclusion criteria. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were English-language level I or level II trials involving the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Exclusion criteria included non-English-language studies; level III, IV, or V studies; and trials examining treatment of first-time shoulder dislocation, posterior shoulder dislocation, or diagnoses other than recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations. Data Extraction: Included studies underwent quality appraisal independently by each author identifying strengths, weaknesses, and biases. Results: Four randomized controlled trials compared the use of arthroscopic and open repair for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations. These studies show no statistically significant difference between the 2 operative approaches. No long-term follow-up data describing the effects of either surgical approach are available at this time. Each investigation had weaknesses in study design that decreased the validity of its findings. Conclusions: While limited, the available evidence from randomized controlled trials does not show a statistically significant difference in redislocation rates, return to activity, and functional outcomes between the arthroscopic and open repair groups. Range of motion is marginally better following arthroscopic treatment when compared with open repair. Recommendations on the optimal surgical intervention cannot be provided.
Eccentric Strengthening for Chronic Lateral Epicondylosis
Authors: Wen Dennis Y. , Schultz Brian J. , Schaal Bob , Graham Scott T. , Kim Byung Sung 
Published: June 2011

Background: Effective treatments for chronic lateral epicondylosis have not been studied adequately. Eccentric overload exercises have been used with success for other chronic tendinopathy, mainly Achilles and patellar. Hypothesis/Purpose:: To compare a wrist extensor eccentric strengthening exercise program with a wrist extensor stretching/modality program for the treatment of chronic lateral epicondylosis. The authors hypothesized that the eccentric strengthening program would produce more favorable results than a stretching/modality program. Study Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty-eight adults with lateral epicondylosis of greater than 4 weeks’ duration were randomized to an eccentric strengthening group or a stretching group. Exercises were taught by a physical therapist, and participants performed most of the exercises on their own at home. Pain scores with visual analog scale from 0 to 100 were obtained at baseline and then at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks after the start of the exercise program. Results: Both groups improved their pain scores from baseline to the 4-week time point, followed by nonsignificant further decreases in pain scores thereafter. No statistically significant differences were found between the eccentric strengthening group and stretching groups at any follow-up time point. Conclusions: Despite previous reports documenting favorable results with eccentric exercises for other tendinopathy, the authors were unable to show any statistical advantage to eccentric exercises for lateral epicondylosis during these periods compared with local modalities and stretching exercises.
A Treatment-Based Classification Approach to Examination and Intervention of Lumbar Disorders
Authors: Burns Scott A. , Foresman Edward , Kraycsir Stephenie J. , Egan William , Glynn Paul , Mintken Paul E. , Cleland Joshua A. 
Published: June 2011

Context: Low back injuries are a common occurrence in athletes and often result in missed competition and practice time. The examination of athletes with low back pain commonly involves diagnostic imaging, which rarely guides the clinician in selecting the appropriate interventions. Data Acquisition: All years of PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, and SPORTDiscus were searched in December 2010. Keywords included treatment based classification and lumbar with the following terms: rehabilitation, treatment, athlete, low back pain, sports, and outcomes. Results: A treatment-based classification approach is preferred for the management of the athlete with low back pain. The treatment-based classification approach involves 3 steps. First is to screen the patient for potentially serious conditions that are not appropriate for conservative management. Second is staging the athlete (based on current disability ratings and ability to perform functional activities). Finally, treatment interventions are selected on the basis of the athlete’s signs and symptoms. Conclusion: The treatment-based classification scheme provides the clinician with a reliable algorithm for matching an athlete’s symptom presentation to the optimal intervention, potentially reducing participation loss. Managing individuals with low back pain using a treatment-based classification approach significantly reduces disability and pain compared with current clinical practice guideline standards.
RETRACTED: Sense Creative! The Impact of Global and Local Vision, Hearing, Touching, Tasting and Smelling on Creative and Analytic Thought
Authors: Förster Jens , Denzler Markus 
Published: June 2011

Förster, J., & Denzler, M. (2012). Sense Creative! The Impact of Global and Local Vision, Hearing, Touching, Tasting and Smelling on Creative and Analytic Thought. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(1), 108-117. (DOI: 10.1177/1948550611410890) The editor of Social Psychological and Personality Science, along with the journal’s consortium of proprietor societies and its publisher, SAGE Publications, have retracted this article at the request of the Executive Board of the University of Amsterdam. The University has requested this retraction after conducting an inquiry into data irregularities contained in the article, and concluding that these irregularities represent a violation of academic integrity. The request from the University, signed by its Rector Magnificus, Prof D.C. van den Boom, states that "Scrutiny of the evidence by two committees on scientific integrity led to the conclusion that the data were manipulated: 'the diversity found in the scores of the control group is so improbably small that this cannot be explained by sloppy science or questionable research practices; intervention must have taken place in the presentation of the results of the 19 experiments described in the 2012 article. Based on this and based also on the inadequate explanation regarding the data set and the original data, a violation of academic integrity can be said to have taken place.' " In response to the journal’s request for information regarding the authors’ roles, lead author Jens Förster stated that "My co-author of the paper, Markus Denzler, has nothing to do with the data collection or the data analysis."
G-CSF receptor activation of the Src kinase Lyn is mediated by Gab2 recruitment of the Shp2 phosphatase
Authors: Futami Muneyoshi , Zhu Quan-sheng , Whichard Zakary L. , Xia Ling , Ke Yuehai , Neel Benjamin G. , Feng Gen-Sheng , Corey Seth J. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Src activation involves the coordinated regulation of positive and negative tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The mechanism whereby receptor tyrosine kinases, cytokine receptors, and integrins activate Src is not known. Here, we demonstrate that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) activates Lyn, the predominant Src kinase in myeloid cells, through Gab2-mediated recruitment of Shp2. After G-CSF stimulation, Lyn dynamically associates with Gab2 in a spatiotemporal manner. The dephosphorylation of phospho-Lyn Tyr507 was abrogated in Shp2-deficient cells transfected with the G-CSF receptor but intact in cells expressing phosphatase-defective Shp2. Auto-phosphorylation of Lyn Tyr396 was impaired in cells treated with Gab2 siRNA. The constitutively activated Shp2E76A directed the dephosphorylation of phospho-Lyn Tyr507 in vitro. Tyr507 did not undergo dephosphorylation in G-CSF–stimulated cells expressing a mutant Gab2 unable to bind Shp2. We propose that Gab2 forms a complex with Lyn and after G-CSF stimulation, Gab2 recruits Shp2, which dephosphorylates phospho-Lyn Tyr507, leading to Lyn activation.
p16INK4a deficiency promotes IL-4–induced polarization and inhibits proinflammatory signaling in macrophages
Authors: Cudejko Céline , Wouters Kristiaan , Fuentes Lucía , Hannou Sarah Anissa , Paquet Charlotte , Bantubungi Kadiombo , Bouchaert Emmanuel , Vanhoutte Jonathan , Fleury Sébastien , Remy Patrick , Tailleux Anne , Chinetti-Gbaguidi Giulia , Dombrowicz David , Staels Bart , Paumelle Réjane 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe CDKN2A locus, which contains the tumor suppressor gene p16INK4a, is associated with an increased risk of age-related inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, in which macrophages play a crucial role. Monocytes can polarize toward classically (CAMφ) or alternatively (AAMφ) activated macrophages. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of these phenotypes are not well defined. Here, we show that p16INK4a deficiency (p16−/−) modulates the macrophage phenotype. Transcriptome analysis revealed that p16−/− BM-derived macrophages (BMDMs) exhibit a phenotype resembling IL-4–induced macrophage polarization. In line with this observation, p16−/− BMDMs displayed a decreased response to classically polarizing IFNγ and LPS and an increased sensitivity to alternative polarization by IL-4. Furthermore, mice transplanted with p16−/− BM displayed higher hepatic AAMφ marker expression levels on Schistosoma mansoni infection, an in vivo model of AAMφ phenotype skewing. Surprisingly, p16−/− BMDMs did not display increased IL-4–induced STAT6 signaling, but decreased IFNγ-induced STAT1 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–induced IKKα,β phosphorylation. This decrease correlated with decreased JAK2 phosphorylation and with higher levels of inhibitory acetylation of STAT1 and IKKα,β. These findings identify p16INK4a as a modulator of macrophage activation and polarization via the JAK2-STAT1 pathway with possible roles in inflammatory diseases.