bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Mass Index Increases Risk of Colorectal Adenomas in Men With Lynch Syndrome: The GEOLynch Cohort Study
Authors: Botma Akke , Nagengast Fokko M. , Braem Marieke G.M. , Hendriks Jan C.M. , Kleibeuker Jan H. , Vasen Hans F.A. , Kampman Ellen 
Published: August 2010

Purpose High body mass index (BMI) is an established risk factor for sporadic colorectal cancer. Still, the influence of BMI on hereditary colorectal cancer (eg, Lynch syndrome [LS]), is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess whether BMI is associated with colorectal adenoma occurrence in persons with LS. Patients and Methods A prospective cohort study of 486 patients with LS was conducted. Cox regression models with robust sandwich estimates controlling for age, sex, extent of colon surgery, smoking, and alcohol intake were used to evaluate associations between BMI, height, weight, weight change, and risk of colorectal adenomas. Analyses were performed separately for those without (incident cohort; n = 243) and those with (prevalent cohort; n = 243) a history of colorectal cancer neoplasms at baseline. Results A statistically significant association between current overweight (≥ 25 kg/m2) and developing colorectal adenomas was seen among men in the incident cohort (overweight v normal weight hazard ratio [HR], 8.72; 95% CI, 2.06 to 36.96). This association was not observed among women (overweight v normal weight HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.19 to 3.07), nor was it observed in the prevalent cohort. In the incident cohort, height was statistically significantly associated with a decreased risk of adenomatous polyps among men (per 5 cm HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.83), but the association between weight and adenomatous polyps among men was of marginal significance (per 5 kg HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.37). No statistically significant associations were observed among women in either the incident cohort or the prevalent cohort. Conclusion Excess body weight increased the risk of incident colorectal adenomas in people with LS. This increased risk was seen only in men.
Change in Serum Lipids after Acute Coronary Syndromes: Secondary Analysis of SPACE ROCKET Study Data and a Comparative Literature Review
Authors: Barth Julian H , Jackson Beryl M , Farrin Amanda J , Efthymiou Maria , Worthy Gillian , Copeland Joanne , Bailey Kristian M , Romaine Simon PR , Balmforth Anthony J , McCormack Terry , Whitehead Andrew , Flather Marcus D , Nixon Jane , Hall Alistair S ,   on behalf of the SPACE ROCKET Trial Group
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND
It has long been an accepted belief that serum cholesterol significantly falls after myocardial infarction and that a return to pre-event levels takes approximately 3 months. The magnitude and clinical significance of this fall has recently been challenged.

METHODS
In the Secondary Prevention of Acute Coronary Events—Reduction Of Cholesterol to Key European Targets (SPACE ROCKET) trial, we measured serum lipids of individuals on day 1 and between days 2 and 4 after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Second, we performed a thorough literature review and compared all studies reporting data on absolute changes in lipids immediately after AMI, using weighted means.

RESULTS
Of 1263 SPACE ROCKET participants, 128 had paired lipid measurements where both samples had been measured using identical methods at baseline and on days 2–4 after AMI. The mean lowering in total cholesterol between day 1 and day 2–4 was 0.71 mmol/L (95% CI 0.58–0.84; P &lt; 0.0001) and in triglycerides was 0.10 mmol/L (−0.14–0.33; P = 0.405). A total of 25 papers showing absolute lipid changes post-AMI were identified. The combined data demonstrated a mean fall in total cholesterol of 9% to 11% from baseline over days 3–14 post-AMI, whereas for triglycerides, there was a rise of 18% from baseline to between day 9 and 12 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS
After a secondary analysis of SPACE ROCKET data and a comparison of previously published data, we report a 10% fall in total cholesterol after AMI—a difference that is of high clinical significance. Consequently, measurement of serum lipids in patients with AMI should be performed within the first hours after presentation.
(German-)Jewish History from Within – Concluding Remarks
Authors: Meyer Michael A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
German-Jewish history is incomplete without attention to its internal dimension, which focuses, in particular, on the Jewishness of the Jews rather than on their relationship to the world around them. Although in the course of the modern period, the internal sphere is reduced in relation to the external, it remains significant for understanding the continuation and adaptation of communal institutions and personal identities. Moreover, the boundary between external and internal becomes ever more permeable so that, for example, expressions of Jewishness become universal in the objectives they seek while values internalized from the outside become »typically« Jewish.
Association between coffee consumption and the estimated glomerular filtration rate in the general Japanese population: preliminary data regarding C-reactive protein concentrations
Authors: Kotani Kazuhiko , Sakane Naoki , Yamada Toshiyuki , Taniguchi Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background: Cardiometabolic disorders including cardiovascular disease (CVD) where the relevance of regular coffee consumption is debatable, has been linked with the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A more recent study suggests that coffee consumption is associated with normal or increased kidney function as assessed by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The present study investigated whether the association between coffee and the eGFR was independent of chronic inflammation, and whether adding sugar to coffee could affect the eGFR.

Methods: A total of 114 age- and gender-matched Japanese individuals (females/males=68/46, mean age=59.5 years), without CVD and severe CKD, were studied. Clinical variables, such as body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose, lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), in addition to eGFR [the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation], were measured.

Results: Coffee drinkers had higher eGFR values [73.9±16.5 (SD) mL/min/1.73 m2] than non-coffee drinkers (68.6±11.7). The difference remained significant (F=5.04, p=0.027), independently of clinical variables, including hsCRP. The eGFR values among coffee drinkers were similar between the subjects with and without use of sugar.

Conclusions: The association of coffee drinking habits to eGFR may occur independently of inflammation as assessed by hsCRP. The use of sugar may have no effect on GFR. Further research is needed to clarify this phenomenon.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1773–6.
Accuracy of the Precision® point-of-care ketone test examined by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the same fingerstick sample
Authors: Janssen Marcel J.W. , Hendrickx Ben H.E. , Habets-van der Poel Carin D. , van den Bergh Joop P.W. , Haagen Anton A.M. , Bakker Jaap A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background: The Precision® (Abbott Diabetes Care) point-of-care biosensor test strips are widely used by patients with diabetes and clinical laboratories for measurement of plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) concentrations in capillary blood samples obtained by fingerstick. In the literature, this procedure has been validated only against the enzymatic determination of β-HB in venous plasma, i.e., the method to which the Precision® has been calibrated.

Methods: In this study, the Precision® Xceed was compared to a methodologically different and superior procedure: determination of β-HB by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in capillary blood spots. Blood spots were obtained from the same fingerstick sample from out of which Precision® measurements were performed. Linearity was tested by adding varying amounts of standard to an EDTA venous whole blood matrix.

Results: The Precision® was in good agreement with LC-MS/MS within the measuring range of 0.0–6.0 mmol/L (Passing and Bablok regression: slope=1.20 and no significant intercept, R=0.97, n=59). Surprisingly, the Precision® showed non-linearity and full saturation at concentrations above 6.0 mmol/L, which were confirmed by a standard addition experiment. Results obtained at the saturation level varied between 3.0 and 6.5 mmol/L.

Conclusions: The Precision® β-HB test strips demonstrate good comparison with LC-MS/MS. Inter-individual variation around the saturation level, however, is large. Therefore, we advise reporting readings above 3.0 as >3.0 mmol/L. The test is valid for use in the clinically relevant range of 0.0–3.0 mmol/L.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1781–4.
Neonatal Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants From the NICHD Neonatal Research Network
Authors: Stoll Barbara J. , Hansen Nellie I. , Bell Edward F. , Shankaran Seetha , Laptook Abbot R. , Walsh Michele C. , Hale Ellen C. , Newman Nancy S. , Schibler Kurt , Carlo Waldemar A. , Kennedy Kathleen A. , Poindexter Brenda B. , Finer Neil N. , Ehrenkranz Richard A. , Duara Shahnaz , Sánchez Pablo J. , O'Shea T. Michael , Goldberg Ronald N. , Van Meurs Krisa P. , Faix Roger G. , Phelps Dale L. , Frantz Ivan D. , Watterberg Kristi L. , Saha Shampa , Das Abhik , Higgins Rosemary D. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE:This report presents data from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network on care of and morbidity and mortality rates for very low birth weight infants, according to gestational age (GA).METHODS:Perinatal/neonatal data were collected for 9575 infants of extremely low GA (22–28 weeks) and very low birth weight (401–1500 g) who were born at network centers between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2007.RESULTS:Rates of survival to discharge increased with increasing GA (6% at 22 weeks and 92% at 28 weeks); 1060 infants died at ≤12 hours, with most early deaths occurring at 22 and 23 weeks (85% and 43%, respectively). Rates of prenatal steroid use (13% and 53%, respectively), cesarean section (7% and 24%, respectively), and delivery room intubation (19% and 68%, respectively) increased markedly between 22 and 23 weeks. Infants at the lowest GAs were at greatest risk for morbidities. Overall, 93% had respiratory distress syndrome, 46% patent ductus arteriosus, 16% severe intraventricular hemorrhage, 11% necrotizing enterocolitis, and 36% late-onset sepsis. The new severity-based definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia classified more infants as having bronchopulmonary dysplasia than did the traditional definition of supplemental oxygen use at 36 weeks (68%, compared with 42%). More than one-half of infants with extremely low GAs had undetermined retinopathy status at the time of discharge. Center differences in management and outcomes were identified.CONCLUSION:Although the majority of infants with GAs of ≥24 weeks survive, high rates of morbidity among survivors continue to be observed.
A Modified Plastic Shell Technique for Cement-Retained Implant Restorations
Authors: Özçelik Tuncer Burak , Yılmaz Burak 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The best possible fit of prosthetic components should be the aim of the clinician. The technical report presented here describes the use of a modified plastic shell technique for modeling a cement-retained single-implant restoration. This approach will help to prevent potential errors caused by the wax modeling technique.
Histomorphometric Analysis and Removal Torque of Small Diameter Implants With Alternative Surface Treatments and Different Designs
Authors: Ahn Su-Jin , Leesungbok Richard , Lee Suk-Won 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the histomorphometric and biomechanical comparison of small-diameter implants with different designs. These implants can be placed surgically in narrow bone spaces, such as the lower incisor region, that have low occlusal loading. Specimens of screw-shaped pin implants were designed for the study. These specimen implants were divided into 6 groups: group 1, machined implants; group 2, resorbable blast media (RBM)-treated implants; group 3, machined implants with a long vertical groove; group 4, RBM-treated implants with a long vertical groove; group 5, RBM-treated implants with a vertical groove on the upper thread; and group 6, RBM-treated implants with a vertical groove on the lower trunk. The specimen implants were placed surgically on the medial side of the rabbit tibia. Animals were sacrificed 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. The removal torque was measured and tissues were prepared for histologic and histomorphometric analysis. The bone-to-implant contact and the percentage of the bone area inside the threads were measured. RBM-treated implants with vertical groove groups showed significantly higher values of removal torque, bone-implant contact, and bone area rate than the ones of machined surface groups.
Floral and nesting resources, habitat structure, and fire influence bee distribution across an open‐forest gradient
Authors: Grundel Ralph , Jean Robert P. , Frohnapple Krystalynn J. , Glowacki Gary A. , Scott Peter E. , Pavlovic Noel B. 
Published: August 2010

Given bees' central effect on vegetation communities, it is important to understand how and why bee distributions vary across ecological gradients. We examined how plant community composition, plant diversity, nesting suitability, canopy cover, land use, and fire history affected bee distribution across an open–forest gradient in northwest Indiana, USA, a gradient similar to the historic Midwest United States landscape mosaic. When considered with the other predictors, plant community composition was not a significant predictor of bee community composition. Bee abundance was negatively related to canopy cover and positively to recent fire frequency, bee richness was positively related to plant richness and abundance of potential nesting resources, and bee community composition was significantly related to plant richness, soil characteristics potentially related to nesting suitability, and canopy cover. Thus, bee abundance was predicted by a different set of environmental characteristics than was bee species richness, and bee community composition was predicted, in large part, by a combination of the significant predictors of bee abundance and richness. Differences in bee community composition along the woody vegetation gradient were correlated with relative abundance of oligolectic, or diet specialist, bees. Because oligoleges were rarer than diet generalists and were associated with open habitats, their populations may be especially affected by degradation of open habitats.More habitat‐specialist bees were documented for open and forest/scrub habitats than for savanna/woodland habitats, consistent with bees responding to habitats of intermediate woody vegetation density, such as savannas, as ecotones rather than as distinct habitat types. Similarity of bee community composition, similarity of bee abundance, and similarity of bee richness between sites were not significantly related to proximity of sites to each other. Nestedness analysis indicated that species composition in species‐poor sites was not merely a subset of species composition at richer sites. The lack of significant proximity or nestedness effects suggests that factors at a small spatial scale strongly influence bees' use of sites. The findings indicate that patterns of plant diversity, nesting resource availability, recent fire, and habitat shading, present at the scale of a few hundred meters, are key determinants of bee community patterns in the mosaic open–savanna–forest landscape.
Hypovitaminosis D and cardiometabolic risk factors among non-obese youth
Authors: Al-Daghri Nasser , Al-Attas Omar , Alokail Majed , Alkharfy Khalid , Yousef Mansour , Nadhrah Hesham , Al-Othman Abdulaziz , Al-Saleh Yousef , Sabico Shaun , Chrousos George 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D and increased cardiometabolic risk have been well established in adults. This study aims to determine whether or not vitamin D also influences cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. To test this hypothesis, we recruited 186 boys (mean age 12.4 ± 3.7 years) and 114 girls (11.6 ± 3.7) in a cross-sectional observational study. Anthropometrics were obtained and morning fasting blood samples were collected. Serum glucose and lipid profile were determined using routine methods. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In our population, approximately 10% of subjects had severe 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency (< 12.5 nmol/L), while 50% of the boys and 40% of the girls had mild vitamin D deficiency (12.5–24.9 nmol/L). Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were inversely correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, waist and hip circumferences and serum triglyceride concentrations, and positively associated with HDL-cholesterol. Age and systolic blood pressure were significant predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, explaining about 30% of the variance (p = 0.0005). In conclusion, significant associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiometabolic parameters support promising cardioprotective benefits from vitamin D sufficiency at an early age. Follow-up with prospective clinical intervention studies are needed to validate this hypothesis.
Iatrogenic rupture of the trachea caused by double Lumen tube intubation
Authors: Potocnik Iztok , Kupsch Andreas , Jankovic Vesna 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Acute injuries of the tracheobronchial system are rare and life-threatening situations. Tracheal rupture most commonly occurs after blunt trauma to the chest. It is a rare but most concerning immediate complication of intubation. One-lung ventilation is required in lung surgery. Video assisted thoracoscopic procedures are an absolute indication for one-lung intubation. The double-lumen tube is the mainstay of one lung ventilation. Due to their larger size and rigidity, double lumen tubes are more difficult to insert, and complications are more common than with single lumen tubes. Opinions about the need for checking routinely the position of a double lumen tube by fiber optic bronchoscopy directly after intubation are divided. A 69-year-old woman with epidermoid lung carcinoma was scheduled for video assisted thoracoscopic left upper pulmonary lobectomy under general anaesthesia. The patient was prepared for the operation and itubated with the Carlens double lumen tube as usual. On introducing the camera into the thoracic cavity, the surgeon noted that the lungs were not completely collapsed. During blind adjustment the position of the tube the trachea was ruptured. The right-sided thoracotomy was performed and closed the greater part of the tracheal laceration. Only its upper 1.5-cm segment was surgically inaccessible because of the anatomical situation and thus remained unsutured. The patient received antibiotics, continuous airway humidification, analgesia with piritramide, and chest physiotherapy. She had no complications. In the literature, opinions about checking routinely the position of a double lumen tube by fiber optic bronchoscopy are divided.. Possibly, the very serious complication encountered in our patient could have been avoided, had the tube position been checked by bronchoscopy. The treatment strategy for post-intubation tracheal rupture depends on the size and location of the rupture, its clinical presentation, and the overall condition of the patient). Early surgical repair is the treatment of choice for most patients when a transmural tear with a length exceeding 2 cm. In our the combination of surgical and conservative treatment was performed. The uppermost part of the tear could not be sutured because of the anatomical situation, and so about 1.5 cm of the trachea remained open. The case is interesting from many perspectives. It shows that intubation with a Carlens tube is a potentially hazardous procedure, which should be performed only by experienced anaesthesiologists. Furthermore, our case report underscores the importance of checking routinely the position of a double lumen tube by fiber optic bronchoscopy. It provides evidence that minor tracheal lacerations can be successfully managed by conservative measures.
Do activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A, CYP2D6 and P-glycoprotein differ between healthy volunteers and HIV-infected patients?
Authors: Jetter Alexander , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Frank Dorothee , Klaassen Tobias , Seeringer Angela , Doroshyenko Oxana , Kirchheiner Julia , Hein Wolfgang , Schömig Edgar , Fuhr Uwe , Wyen Christoph 
Published: August 2010

BackgroundIn inflammation and infection, cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activities are down-regulated. Information on possible discrepancies in activities of CYP enzymes and drug transporters between HIV-infected patients and healthy people is limited.MethodsWe used midazolam, dextromethorphan and digoxin as in vivo phenotyping probes for CYP3A (CYP3A4/5), CYP2D6 and P-glycoprotein activities, respectively, and compared these activities between 12 healthy Caucasian volunteers and 30 treatment-naive HIV-infected patients.ResultsAmong the HIV-infected patients, the overall CYP3A activity (apparent oral midazolam clearance) was approximately 50% of the activity observed in healthy volunteers (point estimate 0.490, 90% confidence interval [CI] 0.377–0.638). The CYP2D6 activity (plasma ratio area under the curve [AUC]; AUCdextromethorphan/AUCdextrorphan) was essentially unchanged (point estimate 1.289, 90% CI 0.778–2.136). P-glycoprotein activity was slightly lower in patients (digoxin maximum concentration point estimate 1.304, 90% CI 1.034–1.644).ConclusionsThe overall CYP3A activity was approximately 50% lower in HIV-infected patients than in healthy volunteers. The CYP2D6 activity was highly variable, but, on average was not different between groups, whereas a marginally lower P-glycoprotein activity was observed in treatment-naive HIV-infected patients.
L'« exceptionnel » système de santé américain
Authors: Farmer Paul , Rylko-Bauer Barbara 
Published: August 2010

Résumé En dépit des sommes investies et d’une maîtrise inégalée des techniques de pointe, le système de santé américain se distingue par son inefficacité et par son incapacité à répondre aux besoins de l’ensemble de la population. En témoignent la multiplication des erreurs médicales, le nombre imposant d’Américains, même salariés, ne bénéficiant d’aucune assurance maladie, enfin, la difficulté, pour tous, à accéder aux soins. Si les USA constituent en ce domaine une exception, c’est par l’absence de couverture universelle et par le caractère fragmentaire du dispositif médical, à quoi il faut ajouter la situation particulièrement alarmante des groupes les plus vulnérables socialement ; autant d’éléments qui semblent prouver que l’application à la santé de la logique marchande qui s’est imposée dans les années 1990 est loin de se révéler la panacée promise. Des voix s’élèvent aujourd’hui pour rappeler que la médecine ne saurait être considérée comme une simple marchandise et dénoncer les dysfonctionnements qu’engendre une gestion plus soucieuse de résultats financiers que d’égalité et de sécurité. Car c’est la prise en charge spécifiquement médicale des patients elle-même qui se trouve aujourd’hui sacrifiée aux impératifs budgétaires, au point que les institutions dispensant des soins gratuits aux malades les plus démunis voient leur mission sociale menacée. Il apparaît donc urgent de soumettre à un examen critique approfondi le système de santé américain, d’autant qu’il fait école en Europe, en Amérique Latine et ailleurs.