bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Extent of Lymph Node Dissection for Colon Cancer
Authors: McBride Russell B. , Lebwohl Benjamin , Hershman Dawn L. , Neugut Alfred I. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Background: The pathologic identification of 12 or more lymph nodes (LN) after colectomy for colon cancer became a quality indicator for surgery in 2001. We investigated whether this new standard of care was differentially adopted across racial and socioeconomic lines.
Methods: We identified 111,339 stage I to III colon cancer patients identified as black or white in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1988 to 2004 who underwent colectomy. We did multivariable logistic regression to investigate the influence of race, area socioeconomic status (SES), and other clinical and demographic characteristics on the number of LNs examined.
Results: Between 1988 and 2004, white patients were more likely than black patients to have ≥12 LNs identified (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.10) after adjustment for age, year of diagnosis, sex, marital status, tumor grade, stage, and subsite within the colon. After adjustment for SES, race was no longer significant (adjusted odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.96-1.04). There was, however, a significant positive trend between a patient's SES and having ≥12 LNs examined (Ptrend &lt; 0.0001), with a 30% increased odds comparing the highest to the lowest quintiles of SES. We found that the association between SES and the dissection of ≥12 LNs was only present in individuals diagnosed after 1999.
Conclusions: The association between high SES and the examination of ≥12 LNs was only apparent from 2000 onward, and coincides with its dissemination and acceptance as a new standard of care. This suggests that the emergence of LN dissection as a quality indicator may have been more rapidly disseminated into higher SES groups. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(3); 738–45
Long-term Mortality from Second Malignant Neoplasms in 5-Year Survivors of Solid Childhood Tumors: Temporal Pattern of Risk according to Type of Treatment
Authors: Tukenova Markhaba , Diallo Ibrahima , Hawkins Mike , Guibout Catherine , Quiniou Eric , Pacquement Hélène , Dhermain Frederic , Shamsaldin Akhtar , Oberlin Odile , de Vathaire Florent 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Background: The temporal pattern in mortality from late second malignant neoplasms in solid childhood cancer survivors, according to the type of treatment, has not been investigated in detail.
Methods: We studied 4,230 5-year survivors of solid childhood cancer diagnosed between 1942 and 1986 in France and the United Kingdom. Complete clinical, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy data were recorded and the integral radiation dose was estimated for 2,701 of the 2,948 patients who had received radiotherapy.
Results: After a median follow-up of 28 years, 134 fatal events were due to second malignancies, compared with the 13.3 expected from the general France-UK population rates. The standardized mortality ratio was of a similar magnitude after radiotherapy alone and chemotherapy alone and higher after both treatments. The standardized mortality ratio decreased with follow-up, whereas the absolute excess risk increased significantly over a period of at least 25 years after the first cancer. This temporal pattern was similar after chemotherapy alone, radiotherapy alone, or both treatments. We observed a similar long-term temporal pattern among survivors who had died of a second malignant neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract and breast. Survivors who had received a higher integral radiation dose during radiotherapy were at a particularly high risk, as well as those who had received alkylating agents and epipodophyllotoxins.
Conclusions: Five-year survivors of childhood cancer run a high long-term mortality risk for all types of second malignant neoplasms whatever the treatment received and require careful long-term screening well beyond 25 years after the diagnosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(3); 707–15
Urinary 6-Sulphatoxymelatonin Levels and Risk of Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Women: The ORDET Cohort
Authors: Schernhammer Eva S. , Berrino Franco , Krogh Vittorio , Secreto Giorgio , Micheli Andrea , Venturelli Elisabetta , Grioni Sara , Sempos Christopher T. , Cavalleri Adalberto , Schünemann Holger J. , Strano Sabrina , Muti Paola 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Background: Lower urinary melatonin levels are associated with a higher risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Literature for premenopausal women is scant and inconsistent.
Methods: In a prospective case-control study, we measured the concentration of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) in the 12-hour overnight urine of 180 premenopausal women with incident breast cancer and 683 matched controls.
Results: In logistic regression models, the multivariate odds ratio (OR) of invasive breast cancer for women in the highest quartile of total overnight aMT6s output compared with the lowest was 1.43 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83-2.45; Ptrend = 0.03]. Among current nonsmokers, no association was existent (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.52-1.94; Ptrend = 0.29). We observed an OR of 0.68 between overnight urinary aMT6s level and breast cancer risk in women with invasive breast cancer diagnosed &gt;2 years after urine collection and a significant inverse association in women with a breast cancer diagnosis &gt;8 years after urine collection (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.04-0.71; Ptrend = 0.01). There were no important variations in ORs by tumor stage or hormone receptor status of breast tumors.
Conclusion: Overall, we observed a positive association between aMT6s and risk of breast cancer. However, there was some evidence to suggest that this might be driven by the influence of subclinical disease on melatonin levels, with a possible inverse association among women diagnosed further from recruitment. Thus, the influence of lag time on the association between melatonin and breast cancer risk needs to be evaluated in further studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(3); 729–37
Choline and Betaine Intake and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Men
Authors: Lee Jung Eun , Giovannucci Edward , Fuchs Charles S. , Willett Walter C. , Zeisel Steven H. , Cho Eunyoung 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDietary choline and betaine have been hypothesized to decrease the risk of cancer because of their role as methyl donors in the one-carbon metabolism. However, it remains unknown whether dietary intake of choline and betaine is associated with colorectal cancer risk. We prospectively examined the associations between dietary choline and betaine intake and risk of colorectal cancer in men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We followed 47,302 men and identified a total of 987 incident colorectal cancer cases from 1986 to 2004. We assessed dietary and supplemental choline and betaine intake every 4 years using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate multivariate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. All statistical tests were two-sided. We did not find any statistically significant associations between choline intake or betaine intake and risk of colorectal cancer. Comparing the top quintile with bottom quintile, multivariate relative risks (95% confidence interval) were 0.97 (0.79-1.20; Ptrend = 0.87) for choline intake and 0.94 (0.77-1.16; Ptrend = 0.79) for betaine intake. Similarly, we observed no associations between colorectal cancer risk and choline from free choline, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, phosphatidylcholine, or sphingomyelin. Our data do not support the hypothesis that choline and betaine intake is inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(3); 884–7
Oral Contraceptive, Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use and Risk of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in the California Teachers Study
Authors: Lu Y , Sullivan-Halley J , Henderson KD , Ma H , Duan L , Wang SS , Lacey J , Chang ET , Deapen D , Bernstein L 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate whether use of oral contraceptives (OCs) or menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) is associated with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
Methods: Within the prospective California Teachers Study cohort, women under age 85 with no history of hematopoietic cancer were followed from 1995 through 2007 for diagnosis of B-cell NHL. Overall, 547 women of 116,779 women eligible for analysis of OC use and 402 of 54,758 postmenopausal women eligible for analysis of MHT use developed B-cell NHL. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by fitting multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.
Results: Women who used OCs had marginally lower risk of B-cell NHL than women who had never used OCs (RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.69-1.06). The reduced risk was most pronounced among women who started OCs before age 25, but did not decrease with increasing duration. No association with MHT was observed when MHT ever users were compared to the never users (RR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.83-1.33); this result was consistent across formulations of MHT [unopposed estrogen therapy (ET), combined estrogen and progestin therapy (EPT)]. Among women who had never used MHT, women with a bilateral oophorectomy had three times greater risk than those with natural menopause (RR = 3.15, 95% CI = 1.62-6.13), whereas there was no association with bilateral oophorectomy among women who had used MHT. In stratified analyses according to hysterectomy and oophrectomy status, ET and EPT did not affect risk for women with natural menopause or those with hysterectomy who had at least part of an ovary remaining. Among women who had a bilateral oophorectomy, ET reduced risk of NHL (RR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.21-0.82).
Conclusion: These data suggest that ET use decreases the risk of B-cell NHL among women with both ovaries removed, but not among women retaining at least part of an ovary. In other subgroups MHT does not influence risk. Additional study of associations of MHT and OCs with B-cell NHL are warranted.
Do Early Screening Mammography Outcomes &lt;Age 40 Adversely Impact the Timing of Screening Mammography &gt;40 Differentially by Race?
Authors: Kapp JM , Walker R , Haneuse S , Yankaskas BC 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Previous studies suggest 29% of women ages 30-39 report having had a mammogram; this varies by race/ethnicity. Black women have a greater odds than White women of reporting multiple mammograms &lt;40; yet ≥40, Black and Asian women are less likely to receive adequate mammography screening. Could early mammography testing adversely impact future mammography use? Our objective is to determine whether racial/ethnic differences and the outcome of a first mammogram &lt;40 (false positive (FP) or true negative (TN)) may delay the age of the first mammogram ≥40.
Methods: Data were pooled from seven mammography registries of the National Cancer Institute's Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC), a network created to study performance and outcomes in community practice. Using 1996-2006 data, we identified 29,158 women with a screening mammogram between ages 40-45 who also underwent screening mammography for the first time ever at an age &lt;40 in the BCSC data. We used logistic regression to examine the association between race/ethnicity and first mammography outcomes on the odds of delayed mammography after 40 (ages 43-45 compared to 40-42).
Results: Overall, 96% of these women's first screens &lt;40 were at ages 35 or later, and 93% of their first screens &gt;40 were at ages 40-42. Regression models adjusted for age at first screen suggest: (1) Hispanic women have an increased odds of waiting to screen until 43-45 compared to White women, regardless of first screening outcome &lt;40; (2) White and Black women whose first screen &lt;40 was a FP have less odds of delaying future screening than those with a TN; and (3) among women with a TN, Black women have an increased odds of waiting to screen until 43-45 relative to White women, with no observed difference between Asian and White women.
Conclusions: Findings suggest a differential impact of early mammography outcomes on future mammography use by race/ethnicity, among the women in our sample with a known first screening mammogram before and after age 40. The concern for harmful effects of over-screening young women drives the need for additional work in this area.
Reaching Underserved Women with Mammography: 15 month experience with a Mobile Prevention Unit and Prevention Program
Authors: Davis ET , Hembree T , Beache SC , Ballard D , Brooks SE 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Objective: There is much debate regarding the efficacy of mammography screening in women &lt;50. No cost and low cost service providers may be required to target screening to the population at highest risk in order to maximize utility of resources. We sought to describe outcomes of women &gt;40 undergoing mammography screening in underserved areas through a mobile unit and prevention program affiliated with a large network cancer program in Louisville, Kentucky.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of women undergoing mammography during the period 3/08-6/09. Locations determined to be high risk by GIS analysis, income and cancer incidence. Analyses included: descriptive analyses, calculation of odds ratios and confidence intervals and regression analyses.
Results: Of the 1702 women, 735 (43%) were white, 884 (52%) were African American, 54 (3%) other and 236 (14%) Hispanic/Latina. The mean age was 54 (std.dev. 9.4). Twenty-eight percent of the women (471/1702) had either never had a mammogram or not had one in 5 years. Fifty-one percent were uninsured. Of the 1702 women, 662(39%) were between the ages of 40-49 (Group A) and 1040 (61%) were &gt;49 (Group B). The majority of women resided in high risk areas (74% Group A, 51% Group B). Twelve percent (206/1702) of the mammograms were abnormal and required follow up. Women in Group A were 1.4 times more likely than women in Group B to have a screening mammogram classified as abnormal (OR 1.4 95% CI 1.05-1.88). Four women were diagnosed with cancer in group A (0.6%) and 9 in group B (0.8%), P = ns. The median age of women with cancer was 52, mean = 58, range 42-83, (std. dev. 12.5). The overall follow up rate was 92%. All women with cancer received treatment. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated women of African American race and women who had never been screened were more likely to have abnormal results (P &lt; 0.0001 and P = 0.03 respectively).
Conclusion: Our targeted approach of community based screening was successful in identifying a subpopulation of women who are not regularly screened and are at risk for abnormal screening mammograms and breast cancer. Further studies are needed to determine if recommendations for screening should be based on factors other than age.
Maternal Cultural Barriers Correlate with Adolescent HPV Vaccine Use
Authors: Carlos RC , Resnicow K , Dempsey AF , Patel D , Ruffin M , Dalton VA 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Determine maternal cultural barriers in mothers who adhere to their own cancer preventive behavior that correlate with HPV vaccination in their adolescent daughters.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional mailed survey of women attending breast and cervical cancer screening at two diverse institutions; one serving mostly black (54.1%) urban inner-city population and another serving a mostly (87.5%) white suburban population. Surveys queried the adolescent daughter's HPV vaccination status (adolescent defined as 9-17 years old), general health beliefs; HPV-specific beliefs; knowledge, perceived benefits and barriers to HPV vaccination; perceived social/peer group attitudes about HPV vaccines. HPV vaccine completion (receipt of all three doses) is the primary outcome. Cultural differences between groups were assessed using linear regression. Correlates of the primary outcome were assessed using univariate logistic regression.
Results: 33% response rate with 68 black and 164 nonblack mothers. 6.8% of adolescent daughters of black mothers adhering to breast/cervical cancer screening completed HPV vaccination, compared 24.5% of nonblacks. In 11-12 year olds, for whom the CDC recommends universal vaccination, none of the daughters of black mothers completed HPV vaccination, compared to 17.5% in nonblacks. Black mothers more likely agreed with “Giving my daughter a new vaccine is like performing an experiment on her” (coefficient 0.38, P = 0.038). Overall knowledge about HPV lagged in black mothers (mean knowledge index 0.587 (95%CI 0.531-0.643)) compared to nonblacks (0.73(95%CI 0.70-0.76)). Black mothers more likely to scored lower on the vaccine benefit scale (coef −0.31, P = 0.007, α = 0.76) and more likely scored higher on the peer group disapproval scale (coef 0.44, P = 0.010, α = 0.73). Belief about vaccine experimentation on her daughter decreased adolescent HPV vaccine use by black moms (OR 0.15, P = 0.002).
Conclusion: HPV vaccine completion in adolescent daughters of mothers who already participate in their own cancer preventive behavior remains suboptimal with significant racial disparity in vaccine use. Significant cultural differences correlate with decreased vaccine completion in daughters of black mothers.
Menopausal Hormone Therapy influences Lung Cancer Survival but not Lung Cancer Risk: Results from the California Teachers Study
Authors: Clague J , Reynolds P , Chang E , Henderson KD , Ma H , Anton-Culver H , Bernstein L 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Most studies have shown a protective or null effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) on lung cancer risk, whereas the recent post-hoc analysis of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) showed that estrogen+progestin (E+P) decreased lung cancer survival. Given the substantial clinical implications, it is vital that the risk and survival associations be validated.
Methods: We examined the associations between HT use and lung cancer risk and survival among 60,592 postmenopausal women enrolled in the prospective California Teachers Study cohort. Between 1995 and 2007, 727 women (184 never smokers) were diagnosed with lung cancer; 441 of these died as of December 31, 2007. Age-stratified, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR).
Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, various measures of HT use were not associated with lung cancer risk. However, any HT use (vs. no use) was associated with a statistically significant increase in lung-cancer-specific survival [HR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56-0.87]. Among women who only used E, statistically significant increases in lung cancer survival were seen for recent use (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.43-0.80), but not former use; use of only E+P was not associated with survival. Shorter duration of recent E-only use was associated with improved survival (0-5 years of use: HR, 0.29, 95% CI, 0.12-0.68; 5-15 years of use: HR, 0.60, 95% CI, 0.35-1.05; &gt;15 years of use: HR, 0.58, 95% CI, 0.39-0.88) (trend P = 0.005). Similarly, women who reported recently using E-only for 0-5 years had a median survival time of 42.1 months versus women who reported 5-15 years of use (31 months), &gt;15 years of use (19.1 months), or no HT use (15.6 months) (log-rank P = 0.009). Among former users of HT, a statistically significant 63% (95% CI, 0.16-0.87) decrease in lung-cancer-specific death was observed for E-only use &lt;5 years prior to baseline, but not for E-only use &gt;5 years prior to baseline or E+P-only use.
Conclusions: Contrary to the recent finding that lung cancer survival is poorer among women in WHI taking E+P, our results suggest no effect of E+P. By contrast, postmenopausal E-only use, specifically recent use, is associated with increased lung cancer survival.
Initial Maintenance of Tropical Cyclone Size in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Lee Cheng-Shang , Cheung Kevin K. W. , Fang Wei-Ting , Elsberry Russell L. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A tropical cyclone (TC) size parameter, which is defined here as the radius of 15 m s−1 near-surface wind speed (R15), is calculated for 145 TCs in the western North Pacific during 2000–05 based on QuikSCAT oceanic winds. For the 73 TCs that intensified to typhoon intensity during their lifetimes, the 33% and 67% respective percentiles of R15 at tropical storm intensity and at typhoon intensity are used to categorize small, medium, and large TCs. Whereas many of the small TCs form from an easterly wave synoptic pattern, the monsoon-related formation patterns are favorable for forming medium to large TCs. Most of these 73 TCs stay in the same size category during intensification, which implies specific physical mechanisms for maintaining TC size in the basin. The 18 persistently large TCs from the tropical storm to the typhoon stage mostly have northwestward or north-northwestward tracks, while the 16 persistently small TCs either move westward–northwestward in lower latitudes or develop at higher latitudes with various track types. For the large TCs, strong low-level southwesterly winds exist in the outer core region south of the TC center throughout the intensification period. The small TCs are more influenced by the subtropical high during intensification. The conclusion is that it is the low-level environment that determines the difference between large and small size storms during the early intensification period in the western North Pacific.
Incorporating Ensemble Covariance in the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation Variational Minimization: A Mathematical Framework
Authors: Wang Xuguang 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI), a three-dimensional variational data assimilation method (3DVAR) has been widely used in operations and research in numerical weather prediction. The operational GSI uses a static background error covariance, which does not reflect the flow-dependent error statistics. Incorporating ensemble covariance in GSI provides a natural way to estimate the background error covariance in a flow-dependent manner. Different from other 3DVAR-based hybrid data assimilation systems that are preconditioned on the square root of the background error covariance, commonly used GSI minimization is preconditioned upon the full background error covariance matrix. A mathematical derivation is therefore provided to demonstrate how to incorporate the flow-dependent ensemble covariance in the GSI variational minimization.