bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of risk‐based process safety indicators
Authors: Khan Faisal , Abunada Hasan , John David , Benmosbah Toufik 
Published: September 2009

AbstractProcess safety performance indicators are applied to monitor and improve the safety of process plants. One of the most important and challenging issues for process safety is the early recognition of deterioration in safety performance caused by operation, maintenance, management, organization, and safety culture factors before actual events and/or mishaps occur. Most existing safety performance indicators are “lagging” indicators meaning that they monitor events after their occurrence.This article presents a risk‐based approach to measure process safety using a set of safety performance indicators. This approach uses a risk metric as a means to classify process safety. Risk provides a common ground to integrate the two main indicator types of leading and lagging indicators. It is important to note that lagging and leading indicators have a relationship, which is often ignored. The proposed methodology is a structured approach, which builds upon UK's Health Safety Executive recommended process safety indicator development framework. At present, work efforts have been made to develop a set of indicators with a common background to measure process safety. This article demonstrates a hierarchical risk aggregation approach which is used to aggregate indictors. This work was carried out with the help of the Loss Prevention Division of Qatargas Operating Company Limited (Qatargas), a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) company. Finally, the applicability of the approach is demonstrated by a case study on a liquefied natural gas facility. The result of this study shows a relationship between the leading and lagging indicators which together contribute to the improvement of process safety performance. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
The inherent flexibility of peptides and protein fragments quantitized by CD in conjunction with CCA+
Authors: Jákli Imre , Perczel András 
Published: September 2009

AbstractECD spectroscopy is traditionally used for rapid, non‐atomic level structure analysis of natural products such as peptides and proteins. Unlike globular proteins, peptides less frequently adopt a single 3D‐fold in a time average manner. Moreover, they exhibit an ensemble of conformers composed of a multitude of substantially different structures. In principle, both ECD‐ and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD)‐spectroscopy are sensitive enough to pick up structural information on these dynamic ensembles. However, the interpretation of the raw spectral data of these highly dynamic molecular systems can be cumbersome. The herein presented Convex Constraint Analysis Plus method, or CCA+ for short (http://www.chem.elte.hu/departments/protnmr/cca/), provides a unique opportunity for spectral ensemble analysis of peptides, glycopeptides, peptidomimetics, and other foldamers. The precision and accuracy of the approach is presented here through different peptide model systems. An interesting temperature and pH dependent folding and unfolding of a miniprotein (e.g. Tc5b variant) is also described. Analysis of CD spectra sets strongly affected by solvent and ion type is also introduced to account for severe environmental‐induced structure influencing effect(s). The deconvolution makes always possible the quantitative data analysis even when the interpretation of the deconvolution resulted in pure CD curves is complex. Copyright © 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lead‐free piezoelectric (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94TiO3–Ba0.06TiO3 nanofiber by electrospinning
Authors: Chen Y. Q. , Zheng X. J. , Feng X. , Zhang D. Z. , Dai S. H. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLead‐free (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94TiO3–Ba0.06TiO3 (NBT‐BT6) nanofibers were synthesized by the sol–gel process and electrospinning, and a butterfly‐shaped piezoelectric response was measured by scanning force microscopy. NBT‐BT6 nanofibers with perovskite phase were formed, after being cleaned at 700 °C for 1 hour, and the diameters are in the range of 150 nm to 300 nm. The average value of the effective piezoelectric coefficient d33 is 102 pm/V. The high piezoelectricity may be attributed to the easiness for the electric field to tilt the polar vector of the domain and to the increase of the possible spontaneous polarization direction. There is a potential for the application of NBT‐BT6 nanofibers in nanoscale piezoelectric devices. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanism for the gas‐phase hydrogen fluoride‐mediated decomposition of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) studied by DFT method
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Xia , Liu Feng‐Ling 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDensity functional theory has been used to study the mechanism of the decomposition of peroxyacetyl nitrate (CH3C(O)OONO2) in hydrogen fluoride clusters containing one to three hydrogen fluoride molecules at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) and B3LYP/6‐311+G(3df,3pd) levels. The calculations clarify some of the uncertainties in the mechanism of PAN decomposition in the gas phase. The energy barrier decreases from 30.5 kcal mol−1 (single hydrogen fluoride) to essentially 18.5 kcal mol−1 when catalyzed by three hydrogen fluoride molecules. As the size of the hydrogen fluoride cluster is increased, PAN shows increasing ionization along the ON bond, consistent with the proposed predissociation in which the electrophilicity of the nitrogen atom is enhanced. This reaction is found to proceed through an attack of a fluorine to the PAN nitrogen in concert with a proton transfer to a PAN oxygen. On the basis of our calculations, an alternative reaction mechanism for the decomposition of PAN is proposed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Modelling brown trout spatial requirements through physical habitat simulations
Authors: Ayllón D. , Almodóvar A. , Nicola G.G. , Elvira B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTerritorial behaviour is often considered the main mechanism regulating salmonid populations and territory size regarded as the proximate factor that limits abundance, being mainly determined by body size. Despite the spatial requirements of young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) brown trout,Salmo trutta, have been previously established, there is still a gap in the knowledge about the spatial needs of older individuals. Therefore, we aimed to develop an allometric territory size relationship for YOY, juvenile and adult trout. Territory size was inferred from 12‐year demographic data and physical habitat simulations performed at 10 pristine sites where populations showed high and stable densities. When compared to previous models in salmonids, results revealed not only interspecific but also intraspecific significant differences in the size of territories used by individuals of comparable size. Interestingly, the explanatory power of the derived allometric territory size relationships was similar to previous models based on individual observational data. It suggested that despite the fact that results obtained from population data cannot explicitly describe territorial behaviour of individuals, they may represent accurately their spatial requirements. Finally, results suggested that territory volume, and not territory area, scaled with body size at a rate consistent with brown trout metabolic rate, the scaling rate being highly constant at any level of simulated proportion of nonterritorial fish in the population. Consequently, if individuals must increase territories to fulfil energetic demands, the allometry of territory volume seems a better predictor of spatial requirements than territory area. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining meteorological radar and network of rain gauges data for space–time model development
Authors: Pastoriza V. , Núñez A. , Machado F. , Mariño P. , Fontán F. P. , Fiebig U.‐C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTechnological developments and the trend to go higher and higher in frequency give rise to the need for true space–time rain field models for testing the dynamics of fade countermeasures. There are many models that capture the spatial correlation of rain fields. Worth mentioning are those models based on cell ensembles. However, the rain rate fields created in this way need the introduction of the time variable to reproduce their dynamics. In this paper, we have concentrated on addressing the time domain effects while we have relied on existing spatial rain field models for creating initial fields, which are propagated (advected) according to proposed models and assumptions, some of which have been drawn from a combined use of a concurrent weather radar and a network of rain gauges. The dynamic modeling presented simulates the advection of a synthetically generated rain field according to dynamic, spatially correlated advection fields extracted from the analysis of weather radar images. Experimental data and model fits have been presented as well. Further ideas on how to improve the realism of the generated dynamic fields have also been presented. Furthermore, the limitations of radar data, especially those related to their limited time resolution, for the required space–time models have been pointed out. These can be overcome by using data from a network of rain gauges. However, it is important to be aware of the similarities and differences between these two sources. A comparative study of these two data sets has also been presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative and qualitative methods using fluorescence microscopy for the study of modified low density lipoproteins uptake
Authors: Leyva Francisco J. , Pershouse Mark A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAtherosclerosis and heart disease are the main cause of death in United States. The development of atherosclerosis includes lipid deposition and foam cell formation in the artery wall. Scavenger Receptors A‐I and II (SRA‐I/II) have an important role of in foam cell formation and atherogenesis. Most of the SRA‐I/II studies had been performed using Iodine‐125‐radiolabeled modified low‐density lipoprotein. This report attempts to validate the use of fluorescence microscopy techniques as an alternative to obtain qualitative and quantitative information of the uptake of fluorescence‐labeled acetylated low‐density lipoprotein (AcLDL) in adherent CHO cells expressing SRA‐I/II. After verifying the protein expression of SRA‐I and II, uptake was quantified using a Laser Scan Cytometer, and images of cells containing fluorescent AcLDL were obtained. A significant increase in fluorescence was found in the cells transfected with SRA‐I/II vs. those with empty vector. When SRA‐I/II competitive ligands were used, the uptake of AcLDL was significantly decreased. In conclusion, the use of fluorescence microscopy techniques in obtaining qualitative and quantitative information of the uptake of fluorescence‐labeled AcLDL by adherent cells, such as CHO cells, is an alternative to the traditional use of radiolabeled iodine. SCANNING 31: 167–173, 2009. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonparametric non‐inferiority analyses in the three‐arm design with active control and placebo
Authors: Munzel Ullrich 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe three‐arm design with test treatment, reference treatment and placebo offers internal assay sensitivity for a proof of non‐inferiority. In this design the relative effects known from nonparametric theory are robust tools allowing the assessment of non‐inferiority in a range of situations. An asymptotic nonparametric theory is established in the three‐arm design based on the asymptotic distribution of rank means under alternative. A rank test for non‐inferiority is derived. Fieller's formula is used to calculate a respective confidence interval. The approach is expanded to multicentre studies. The simulation studies are conducted demonstrating the accuracy of the methods and an example is discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of the in vivo Biodistribution of Hybrid Nanoparticles with Different Poly(ethylene glycol) Coatings
Authors: Faure Anne‐Charlotte , Dufort Sandrine , Josserand Véronique , Perriat Pascal , Coll Jean‐Luc , Roux Stéphane , Tillement Olivier 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFluorescent nanoparticles containing a gadolinium oxide core are very attractive because they are able to combine both imaging (fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging) and therapy (X‐ray therapy and neutron‐capture therapy) techniques. The exploitation of these multifunctional particles for in vivo applications requires accurate control of their biodistribution. The postfunctionalization of these particles by four different poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives, which differ by chain length and end group, exerts a great influence on the ζ potential of the nanoparticles and on their biodistribution after intravenous injection to HEK‐β3‐tumor‐bearing mice. This study reveals that the behavior of PEGylated nanoparticles, which was monitored by in vivo fluorescence imaging, depends on both the chain length and the end group of the PEG chain.
Modeling the architecture and dynamics of hematopoiesis
Authors: Dingli David , Pacheco Jorge M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHematopoiesis is a multistep process that results in the production of a variety of blood cells with different morphologies and diverse functions. All of these cells have their origin in hematopoietic stem cells Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) that replicate slowly to self‐renew and give rise to progeny cells that proceed along the path of differentiation. The process is complex with the cells responding to a wide variety of cytokines and growth factors. We discuss a model of hematopoiesis based on stochastic cell behavior. Multiple compartments are introduced to keep track of each cell division process and increasing differentiation. Despite its simplicity, the model is able to account for the salient features of hematopoiesis and is compatible with considerable and independent experimental data. The model is applicable to hematopoiesis across mammals and can be used to understand the dynamics of various disorders both in humans and in animal models. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Developmental Biology > Lineages
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Spectrum Properties of Cobalt(II) Complexes Based on Tridentate 1,3‐Bis(benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐oxopropane Ligand and Derivative
Authors: Wu Huilu , Yun Ruirui , Wang Kaitong , Li Ke , Huang Xingcai , Sun Tao 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTwo new cobalt(II) complexes [Co(obb)2](pic)2·3(C2H3N) (1) and [Co(Etobb)2](pic)2·2DMF (2) were prepared by the reaction of cobalt(II) picrate with the ligands 1,3‐bis(benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐oxopropane (obb) and 1,3‐bis(1‐ethylbenzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐oxopropane (Etobb), respectively. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that [Co(obb)2]2+ and [Co(Etobb)2]2+ have a different arrangement. In complex 1 the coordination sphere around cobalt(II) is distorted tetrahedral, whereas in complex 2 the coordination sphere around cobalt(II) is distorted octahedral (where the N4 equatorial plane is formed by four benzimidazoles nitrogen atoms and the axial positions are occupied by two oxygen atoms from the two ligands). The complexes were also identified by IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy.
Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Characterizations of a New Lanthanide Oxalatophosphonate with a 3D Framework Structure
Authors: Zhang Na , Huang Cui‐Ying , Sun Zhen‐Gang , Liu Lei , Hua Rui‐Nian , Lu Xin , Tong Fei , Wang Wei‐Nan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA new lanthanide oxalatophosphonate with a 3D framework, [Nd2(HL)(C2O4)2(H2O)3]·H2O (1) (H3L = HOOCC5H9NCH2PO3H2) was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction at 140 °C by using carboxyphosphonic acid as phosphonate ligand and oxalate as additional metal linker. It was structurally characterized by single‐crystal as well as powder X‐ray diffraction methods, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. In compound 1, the interconnection of the neodymium(III) ions by chelating and bridging oxalate anions leads to a neodymium oxalate layer, these layers are further bridged by carboxyphosphonate ligands to form a 3D framework structure. It is interesting that the result of these connections is the formation of 20‐ and 16‐atom rings that are parallel to one another and run in the b axis direction.
Appraisal of the Imaizumi modification of the Beger procedure: the TWMU experience
Authors: Hatori Takashi , Imaizumi Toshihide , Harada Nobuhiko , Fukuda Akira , Suzuki Mamoru , Hanyu Fujio , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground/purposeWe developed the Imaizumi modification of the Beger procedure, a duodenum‐preserving pancreatic head resection. The Imaizumi modification allows for removal of more of the subtotal pancreatic head than in the conventional Beger procedure, including the intrapancreatic bile duct, for chronic pancreatitis with common bile duct stenosis. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the Imaizumi modification compared to a pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD), based on the early and late postoperative results.MethodsA group of 14 patients who underwent the Beger procedure with the Imaizumi modification to treat chronic pancreatitis from November 1997 to December 2005 was investigated retrospectively. This group was compared to a group of 21 patients who underwent PPPD from November 1997 to December 2003. The median follow‐up period was 3.6 years (range 3.1–5.7 years) for the Imaizumi modification group and 4.0 years (range 3.0–8.3 years) for the PPPD group.ResultsA pancreatic fistula formed in 7% of the Imaizumi modification patients (PPPD 5%), pain relief was achieved in 92% (PPPD 94%), complete professional rehabilitation was achieved in 71% (PPPD 67%), insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus was present in 43 versus 36% before the procedure (PPPD 62 versus 38% before the procedure), and body weight improved in 79% (PPPD 48%). No significant differences were found between the two groups for the early postoperative complications and the late postoperative outcome 3 years after the procedure. However, the Imaizumi modification group exhibited an encouraging tendency to have a lower rate of new‐onset exocrine and endocrine insufficiency than the PPPD group.ConclusionsOur Imaizumi modification of the Beger procedure, including intrapancreatic bile duct resection, represents a useful alternative for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis with an inflammatory mass and bile duct stenosis in the pancreatic head.
Prevalence of classical phenylketonuria in mentally retarded individuals in Iran
Authors: Ghiasvand N. M. , Aledavood A. , Ghiasvand R. , Seyedin Borojeny F. , Aledavood A. R. , Seyed S. , Miner W. , Saeb Taheri G. R. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryUsing Guthrie Biological Inhibition Assay, 4963 mentally retarded individuals housed in 31 cities and towns across the country were screened for PKU. The average prevalence of classical PKU in the study population was 2.1%, which is higher than that reported for most mentally retarded populations in other countries prior to the implementation of a nationwide newborn screening programme for PKU. The prevalence of PKU in 1814 mentally retarded inmates housed in shelters in Tehran was 2.81%, and the prevalence of the disease in 3149 inmates sheltered in other cities and towns was 1.68%. It appears that most of the difference between the prevalence of PKU in these two populations is due to a unique PKU referral pattern in Iran. The high prevalence of PKU in the mentally retarded population in Iran could be indicative of a high incidence of the disease among Iranian neonates. This in turn appears to be positively influenced by both a high frequency of the PKU allele and a high rate of consanguinity in the country. Our finding suggests that instead of limited local screening programmes in the country, a nationwide screening programme for PKU, especially if coupled with screening for congenital hypothyroidism, would be highly cost‐effective and warranted.
Transport Properties of Two-dimensional Snowballs Below the Surface of 4He-II Under Rotation
Authors: Takahashi Daisuke , Ikegami Hiroki , Kono Kimitoshi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractKelvin-waves play an important role for the dissipation of quantum turbulence at low temperatures. Here the plasma resonance of two-dimensional (2D) snowballs trapped below the surface of rotating superfluid 4He are measured for the first time in order to examine whether 2D snowballs could be a new probe for study of vortex dynamics. Below 200 mK, a positive shift of the resonant frequency f1 and linewidth broadening are observed as small variations in the absorption spectra under rotation. Both f1 and the linewidth Δf increase linearly with the rotation speed, and the slopes of f1 and Δf against the rotation speed have no temperature dependence. The increase of Δf suggests that an additional dissipation is caused by the coupling between the snowballs and vortices. We provide a qualitative explanation for the linear increase of Δf in the context of Kelvin-waves excited by the motion of snowballs.
Nutrient relocation, hydrological functions, and soil chemistry in plantations as compared to natural forests in central Yunnan, China
Authors: Hou Xiuli , Duan Changqun , Tang Cindy Q. , Fu Denggao 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe relocation of nutrients among dominant plant species, along with hydrological functions and soil chemistry in five plant communities, including Eucalyptus plantation, Pinus plantation, shrubland, semi‐natural, and natural secondary forests were investigated in central Yunnan, China. The nutrient P, N, and K accumulation in above‐ground biomass of Eucalyptus smithii (stems, barks, branches, and leaves) were the highest, followed by Pinus yunnanensis of both the Pinus plantation and the semi‐natural forest. The nutrient retranslocation efficiency (NRE) of E. smithii was the highest for nutrient P, N, and K with values of 56, 66, and 67%, respectively, among the dominant plant species of the five plant communities, while the NRE of P. yunnanensis in Pinus plantation had the second highest value of NRE for nutrient N. The nutrient content (available P, N, and soil organic matter) in the upper two soil layers under Eucalyptus and Pinus plantations was correspondingly found to be lower than that of the other forests. Moreover, under the Eucalyptus and Pinus plantations, surface runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient loss were more serious, and the water storage of litterfall and canopy interception were significantly lower than that in the other plant communities. Accordingly, we suggest that single‐species plantations cannot present the same ecological benefits as natural forests, because of their simple, uniform structures, and the characteristics of the dominant plant species.