bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy saving performance of distributed heating and cooling system
Authors: Endo Naoki , Maeda Tetsuhiko , Hasegawa Yasuo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn advanced distributed heating and cooling system utilizing small‐scale high‐performance heat pumps was designed to replace the central heating and cooling system for the AIST laboratory buildings, which have a total floor area of 36,100 m2, of which 20,100 m2 is occupied by laboratories. In the old system, the total primary energy required for hot water was 44 TJ, and it was 12 TJ for chilled water in FY 2001. The new system is composed of small‐sized high‐performance heat pumps, with an average coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.1. After the reconstruction, the energy consumption was reduced to 37%, and with a total energy saving of 44 TJ for one year. The total CO2 emission is estimated to be 26%, a reduction of 3000 tons per year. The energy saving is caused by the high‐performance small‐scale heat pumps, the high‐performance total system design that takes laboratory into account, and the suitable operation of the system. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(2): 46–53, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20977
High‐speed and high‐precision position control using a sliding mode compensator
Authors: Tsuruta Kazuhiro , Sato Kazuya , Ushimi Nobuhiro , Fujimoto Takashi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTo achieve high‐speed, high‐precision position control for semiconductor product machines and industrial robots, full‐closed feedback control is applied. Many control methods have been proposed for such a system. In general, proportional position control and proportional plus integral velocity control or integral plus proportional velocity control (P,PI/I‐P), which is a type of proportional plus integral plus differential control (PID), is applied in many industrial applications. However, in the case of changing mechanical characteristics of the control target, the parameters of P,PI/I‐PI control must also change in order to maintain good motion performance. In this paper, we propose a new P,PI/I‐P control method that includes a nonlinear compensator. The algorithm of the nonlinear compensator is based on sliding mode control with chattering compensation. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is evaluated using a full‐closed single‐axis slider system via point‐to‐point control and contour control in the case of changing load. The experimental results indicate that the proposed control method is robust in the case of changing acceleration/deceleration of control reference, changing load, and low‐velocity contour motion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(2): 65–71, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21011
Matching between straight‐wing nonarticulated vertical axis wind turbine and a new wind turbine generator
Authors: Siota Takasi , Isaka Tsutomu , Sano Takashi , Seki Kazuichi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the current wind turbine generation system, there are substantial problems such as the fact that the maximum power of the wind turbine cannot be obtained in the presence of fluctuating wind speed, as well as high cost and low annual net electricity production (due to mismatch between generators and wind turbines). A new wind turbine generator optimized for the wind turbine output is presented in order to solve such problems. This wind turbine generator consists of a permanent magnet generator, a reactor, and a rectifier, and uses neither a control circuit which requires standby electricity nor a PWM converter having a switching element. By selecting the most appropriate combination of a permanent magnet generator with multiple windings and a reactor connected in series with each winding, the maximum output of the wind turbine can be obtained without using a control circuit. The new wind turbine generator was directly coupled with a straight‐wing nonarticulated vertical‐axis wind turbine (SW‐VAWT), and matching of the generator with the wind turbine was examined in field tests. The test results and review confirm that the new wind turbine generator is highly matched with the wind turbine in the presence of fluctuating wind speed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(2): 26–35, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21036
Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring based on integer programming
Authors: Inagaki Shinkichi , Egami Tsukasa , Suzuki Tatsuya , Nakamura Hisahide , Ito Koichi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a new nonintrusive appliance load monitoring technique based on integer programming. Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring is the problem of identifying the operating conditions of electric appliances in a house by observing only the overall load current and voltage. Since the overall load current is expressed as a superposition of the currents of the operating appliances, the monitoring problem can be formulated as an integer quadratic programming problem by expressing the operating conditions as integer variables. This problem is solvable with a sufficiently small computational burden thanks to the recent development of commercial software. The proposed method does not require relearning even when a new appliance is installed in the house. Furthermore, the proposed formulation is applicable to cases in which some appliance has multiple modes, and cases in which some appliances of the same type are operating simultaneously. The usefulness of the proposed technique is verified by experimental results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(2): 18–25, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21040
Study of DC circuit breaker of H2‐N2 gas mixture for high voltage
Authors: Shiba Yuji , Morishita Yukinaga , Kaneko Shuhei , Okabe Shigemitsu , Mizoguchi Hitoshi , Yanabu Satoru 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGlobal warming caused by such gases as CO2 is a subject of great concern. Automobile emissions are an especially great problem in this respect. Therefore, hybrid cars are being widely developed and used. Because hybrid cars use electric power and gasoline, their emissions of CO2 are reduced. The electric motor of a hybrid car is driven by a battery, which has large capacity. Therefore, relays must interrupt a high DC current on switching between the electric motor and the gasoline engine, and hydrogen gas‐filled relays are used for the purpose. In interruption tests in which we investigated the basic characteristics of hydrogen gas, the DC current did not reach a current‐zero point. Thus, the current must be coerced to zero by using a high arc voltage. The loss coefficient and arc voltages of hydrogen are high, and we therefore performed interruption tests using a high arc voltage. Interruption tests and dielectric breakdowns test of air, pure hydrogen, and a hydrogen‐nitrogen mixture indicated that an 80%–20% H2–N2 mixture is the most effective. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(2): 9–17, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21042
Pulse ejection presentation system synchronized with breathing
Authors: Kadowaki Ami , Sato Junta , Ohtsu Kaori , Bannai Yuichi , Okada Kenichi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTrials on the transmission of olfactory information together with audio and visual information are currently being conducted in the multimedia field. However, continuous emission of scents in high concentrations creates problems of human adaptation and remnant odors in the air. To overcome such problems we developed an olfactory display in conjunction with Canon Inc. This display has high emission control in the inkjet so that it can provide stable pulse emission of scents. Humans catch a scent when they breathe in and inhale small molecules in air. Therefore, it is important that the timing of scent presentation be synchronized with human breathing. We also developed a breath sensor which detects human breathing‐in (inspiration). In this study, we combined the olfactory display with the breath sensor to make a pulse ejection presentation system synchronized with the breath. The experimental evaluation showed that the system had a detection rate above 90%. Another evaluation was held at Keio Techno‐Mall 2007. From questionnaire results of the participants, we found that the system made the user feel a continuous sense of smell, without the occurrence of adaptation. It is expected that our system will allow olfactory information to be synchronized with audio and visual information for an arbitrary duration and at any time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(2): 72–78, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21086
Pentacyclic triterpenic acids from Argania spinosa
Authors: Guinda Angeles , Rada Mirela , Delgado Teresa , Castellano Jose Maria 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis work reports for the first time the presence of pentacyclic triterpenic acids in Argania spinosa. By solid/liquid extraction with absolute ethanol and GC‐FID analysis, we report that ursolic acid is the major triterpene in the leaf and fruit of argan (0.10–0.44% DW), followed by significant amounts of oleanolic acid (0.05–0.19% DW). Their contents in the leaf were four times higher than in the fruit. Minor levels of betulinic and maslinic acids were also determined in the fruit pulp. Our results suggest that the developmental stage of the plant organ and the environmental conditions modulate the biosynthesis of triterpenic acids in argan. Advanced stages of ontogeny and severe climatic conditions induced a selective production of lupenyl and ursanyl structures. Argan fruits and leaves constitute interesting raw materials for the obtaining of ursolic and oleanolic acids that are strongly demanded by the functional food and pharmaceutical industries. The utilization of dry pulp of argan fruits, a by‐product of the argan oil industry, for the obtaining of new triterpene‐based formulations of high added value would increase the profitability of these crops and might help to guarantee the survival of the A. spinosa forests in the long term.Practical applications: Argan fruits and leaves constitute interesting raw materials for obtaining ursolic and oleanolic acids. Morocco accumulates every year more than 44 500 tons of dry fruit pulp as a by‐product of the argan oil industry. The utilization of this biomass for the obtaining of bioactive compounds of high added value that could be used in the design of new functional food and drugs would help to increase the profitability of the argan crops and represent an intelligent manner of contributing to the A. spinosa survival.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Diarylmethanols from Aryl Bromides and Aldehydes by Using Organolithium Reagents
Authors: Nakagawa Yuya , Muramatsu Yusuke , Harada Toshiro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA general method has been developed for preparing enantioenriched secondary alcohols by starting from aryl bromides and aldehydes. Aryl bromides were first treated with BuLi, and the resulting aryllithium reagents were mixed with titanium tetraisopropoxide and magnesium bromide. The reaction of aldehydes with the resulting mixed titanium reagents, in the presence of 3‐(3,5‐diphenylphenyl)‐H8‐BINOL (2 mol‐%) and titanium tetraisopropoxide, furnished the corresponding alcohols in high enantioselectivities and in high yields.
Colonization and weathering of engineering materials by marine microorganisms: an SEM study
Authors: Coombes M. A. , Naylor L. A. , Thompson R. C. , Roast S. D. , Gómez‐Pujol L. , Fairhurst R. J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMicroorganisms are a ubiquitous feature of most hard substrata on Earth and their role in the geomorphological alteration of rock and stone is widely recognized. The role of microorganisms in the modification of engineering materials introduced into the intertidal zone through the construction of hard coastal defences is less well understood. Here we use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine microbial colonization and micro‐scale geomorphological features on experimental blocks of limestone, granite and marine concrete after eight months' exposure in the intertidal zone in Cornwall, UK.Significant differences in the occurrence of microbial growth features, and micro‐scale weathering and erosion features were observed between material types (ANOVA p < 0·000). Exposed limestone blocks were characterized by euendolithic borehole erosion (99% occurrence) within the upper 34·0 ± 12·3 µm of the surface. Beneath the zone of boring, inorganic weathering (chemical dissolution and salt action) had occurred to a depth of 125·0 ± 39·0 µm. Boring at the surface of concrete was less common (27% occurrence), while bio‐chemical crusting was abundant (94% occurrence, mean thickness 45·1 ± 27·7 µm). Crusts consisted of biological cells, salts and other chemical precipitates. Evidence of cryptoendolithic growth was also observed in limestone and concrete, beneath the upper zone of weathering. On granite, biological activity was restricted to thin epilithic films (<10 µm thickness) with some limited evidence of mechanical breakdown.Results presented here demonstrate the influence of substratum lithology, hardness and texture on the nature of early micro‐scale colonization, and the susceptibility of different engineering materials to organic weathering and erosion processes in the intertidal zone. The implications of differences in initial biogeomorphic responses of materials for long‐term rock weathering, ecology and engineering durability are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Highlights in the Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Applications of MoS2 Nanotubes
Authors: Deepak Francis Leonard , Jose‐Yacaman Miguel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSince the discovery that non‐carbon nanotubes can also be synthesized like those of carbon there has been a lot of interest generated in this area, specifically in the case of the transition metal chalcogenide nanotubes. This paper will showcase MoS2 nanotubes, addressing the advances in terms of the synthesis, properties, and applications that have been observed so far. An update on the current status of the field, including the use of aberration‐corrected microscopic techniques in understanding the structure and bonding of these nanotubes, which have been proved to be elusive until recently, will be highlighted. Finally, the catalytic properties of these nanotubes will be addressed in the context of the other possible applications as well.
Diffusion‐Induced Void Evolution in Core–Shell Nanowires: Elaborated View on the Nanoscale Kirkendall Effect
Authors: Yang Yang , Güder Firat , Zacharias Margit 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn 2006, our group reported the fabrication of ultra‐long single‐crystal ZnAl2O4 spinel nanotubes, starting from ZnO/Al2O3 core–shell nanowires, involving the nanoscale Kirkendall effect. In this feature paper, we introduce our up‐to‐date results on the design of porous and hollow 1D nanostructures following this solid‐state interfacial reaction route. In particular, we present our recent understandings on void evolution induced by the unbalanced diffusion. We first give a short introduction on the distinctions of core–shell nanowires in interfacial nanoreactions, in contrast to other systems. Then we discuss the roles of desorption, stress, and/or defects on void evolution and nanotube formation. Our results demonstrate that the stress‐ and defects‐engineered diffusion mechanism can be used to specifically design hollow nanostructures, which will open up a new window in exploitation of the Kirkendall effect at the nanoscale.
Self‐organized TiO2 Nanotube Arrays: Critical Effects on Morphology and Growth
Authors: Albu Sergiu P. , Roy Poulomi , Virtanen Sannakaisa , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTiO2 nanotube layers possess a wide range of applications for energy conversion, environmental clean‐up, and biomedical implant materials. The formation process of these tube layers is based on a simple but highly optimized anodization process of Ti in a suitable solution.The present work gives a coherent overview on the effect of the key parameters to grow these tube layers. The influence of fluoride content, anodization voltage, water content, and temperature on tube morphology is shown and discussed. The results thus provide the reader with “recipes” and understanding to grow desired TiO2 nanotube structures, as well as show current limits and open room for improvement for the tailored growth of these structures.
Small‐molecule protein–protein interaction inhibitors: Therapeutic potential in light of molecular size, chemical space, and ligand binding efficiency considerations
Authors: Buchwald Peter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAs the ultimate function of proteins depends to a great extent on their binding partners, protein–protein interactions (PPIs) represent a treasure trove of possible new therapeutic targets. Unfortunately, interfaces involved in PPIs are not well‐suited for effective small molecule binding. Nevertheless, successful examples of small‐molecule PPI inhibitors (PPIIs) are beginning to accumulate, and the sheer number of PPIs that form the human interactome implies that, despite the relative unsuitability of PPIs to serve as “druggable” targets, small‐molecule PPIIs can still provide novel pharmacological tools and new innovative drugs in at least some areas. Here, after some illustrative examples, accumulating information on the binding efficiency, molecular size, and chemical space requirements will be briefly reviewed. Therapeutic success can only be achieved if these considerations are incorporated into the search process and if careful medicinal chemistry approaches are used to address the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion requirements of larger molecules that are often needed for this target class due to the lower efficiency of binding. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(10): 724–731, 2010
Injectable rhBMP‐2‐loaded chitosan hydrogel composite: Osteoinduction at ectopic site and in segmental long bone defect
Authors: Luca Ludmila , Rougemont Anne‐Laure , Walpoth Beat H. , Boure Ludovic , Tami Andrea , Anderson James M. , Jordan Olivier , Gurny Robert 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCarriers for bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) used in clinical practice still suffer from limitations such as insufficient protein retention. In addition, there is a clinical need for injectable carriers. The main objective of this study was to assess bone forming ability of rhBMP‐2 combined either with chitosan hydrogel (rhBMP‐2/CH) or chitosan hydrogel containing β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) (rhBMP‐2/CH/TCP). Formulations were first compared in a rat ectopic intramuscular bone formation model, and the optimal formulation was further evaluated in healing of 15‐mm critical size defect in the radius of a rabbit. Three weeks after injection ectopically formed bone was analyzed by microcomputerized tomography (micro‐CT) and histology. Significantly higher (4.7‐fold) mineralized bone formation was observed in the rhBMP‐2/CH/TCP group compared to rhBMP‐2/CH group. In a pilot study, defect in a rabbit radius treated with rhBMP‐2/CH/TCP showed incomplete regeneration at 8 weeks with composite leakage from the defect, indicating the need for formulation refinement when segmental defect repair is foreseen. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2010.
Assessment of phosphamidon‐induced apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Protective effects of N‐acetylcysteine and curcumin
Authors: Ahmed Tanzeel , Tripathi Ashok K. , Ahmed Rafat S. , Banerjee Basu Dev 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe molecular mechanism for noncholinergic toxicity of phosphamidon, an extensively used organophosphate pesticide, is still not clear. The aim of the present study is to find the possible molecular mechanism of this pesticide to induce apoptosis and the role of different drugs for attenuation of such effects. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were incubated with increasing concentrations of phosphamidon (0–20 μM) for 6–24 h. The MTT assay reveals that phosphamidon induces cytotoxicity in a dose‐dependent manner. Cellular glutathione (GSH) is depleted in a dose‐dependent manner from 55% to 70% at concentrations between 10 and 20 μM. The percentage of cells that bind to Annexin‐V, which is a representative of cells either undergoing apoptosis or necrosis during 24 h incubation, increases in a dose‐dependent manner. Above 5 μM, significant necrosis of cells was observed. DNA fragmentation assay revealed that at low concentration of phosphamidon (1 μM), no appreciable change in DNA fragmentation was seen; however, distinct fragmentation was observed beyond 2.5 μM. Phosphamidon was found to cause significant depletion of GSH, which correlates well with the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis. An increasing trend in levels of cytochrome c was observed with increasing concentration of phosphamidon, indicating that the apoptotic effect of phosphamidon is mediated through cytochrome c release. Coadministration of the antioxidants N‐acetylcysteine and curcumin attenuated phosphamidon‐induced apoptosis. This further supports our hypothesis that oxidative stress, as indicated by GSH depletion, results in the induction of apoptosis by release of cytochrome c. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:286–292, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20337
Activation of metallothionein transcription by 4‐hydroxynonenal
Authors: Braithwaite Elena K. , Mattie Michael D. , Freedman Jonathan H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMetallothioneins (MTs) protect cells from oxidative damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Concurrent with protecting cells from ROS‐mediated damage, MT transcription is induced by ROS. ROS activate transcription by affecting several signal transduction pathways, many of which have been implicated in regulating MT transcription. ROS‐activated intracellular signaling is mediated by the stable lipid peroxide 4‐hydroxynonenal (HNE). After determining the level of sensitivity of Hepa 1‐6 cells to HNE, MT‐1 mRNA expression was shown to be induced in a concentration and time‐dependent manner after HNE exposure. Finally, using MT‐based reporters, HNE was found to induce MT transcription via both antioxidant response and metal response elements. Thus, ROS may activate MT transcription by generating HNE that in turn affects signaling pathways that regulate MT transcription via the transcription factors AP‐1 and MTF‐1. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:330–334, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20342
Benchmarking patient‐ and family‐centered care: Highlights from a study of practices in 26 academic medical centers
Authors: Vermoch Kathleen L. , Bunting Jr. Robert F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPatient‐ and family‐centered care (PFCC) is premised on the belief that patients, families, and healthcare providers who are empowered and engaged throughout the healthcare system are integral components, with each vital to the delivery of quality and safe care. Adopting a PFCC culture can result in improved quality, safety, communication, and patient satisfaction. University HealthSystem Consortium hospitals that have adopted these concepts have demonstrated significant improvements. By using an initial survey, developing benchmark parameters, and conducting ongoing analysis and feedback, these hospitals have developed ways to reap many benefits.