bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES OF NITRATE TRANSPORT BY MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON USING36Cl‐ClO3−AS A TRANSPORT ANALOGUE. I. PHYSIOLOGICAL FINDINGS1
Authors: Balch William M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTTransport of a nitrate analogue,36Cl‐ClO3−, was examined in two diatoms, Skeletonema costatum (Greve.) Cleve and Nitzschia closterium (Ehrenb) W. Sm. A dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax polyedra did not transport ClO3−. Transport of36Cl‐ClO3−by diatoms appeared to be active and showed saturation kinetics. The data were fitted by Michaelis‐Menten equation at all but the lowest chlorate concentrations (where plots of S vs. v showed a slight concave bend). Affinity of cells for nitrate was considerably higher than for chlorate. The Kifor nitrate inhibition of chlorate transport was calculated assuming competitive inhibition. Light had little or no effect on chlorate transport. Pulse‐chase experiments demonstrated that (1) ClO3−(hence NO3−) was stored in two intracellular compartments of equal size, (2) internal ClO3−was exchangeable with external ClO3−(rates of efflux and influx were measured), and (3) efflux of intracellular ClO3−showed transient states following a chase of ClO3−or NO3−which stabilized after 10–20 min. Transport of chlorate was a function of growth phase.
PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION OF DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES ALONG ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS IN THE SEVERN RIVER ESTUARY, CHESAPEAKE BAY, MARYLAND1
Authors: Wilderman Candice C. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTDistribution patterns of diatoms from natural substrates and surface waters of the Severn River, Maryland, are related to salinity and seasonal gradients through time and space by minimum spanning tree cluster analysis and principal components analysis. Assemblages were found to be distributed in a complex but orderly fashion, with primary discontinuties occurring between seasons, and between planktonic and attached forms. Within seasons, benthic groupings are distributed as continua along a horizontal salinity gradient, with one discontinuity at a location with a mean salinity of approximately 7%o. Downstream from this discontinuity, most species do not follow the changing salinity patterns from season to season, and are considered euryhaline for a salinity range of 8–16%o. Upstream from this discontinuity there is a relatively distinct and persistent assemblage of oligohaline indicators. Evidence derived by comparing this study with similar studies from Oregon estuaries indicates that similar distribution patterns, community structures and taxa can be expected to occur in estuaries on the east and west coasts of North America.
The Effect of Desferrioxamine on Iron Metabolism in Man. II
Authors: Hallberg Leif , Hedenberg Lars 
Published: August 2010

The influence of an increased haemolysis on the urinary iron excretion after the administration of desferrioxamine (DF) was studied in a series of experiments. An increased haemolysis was induced by transfusing stored red cells, by injecting nicotinic acid or by infusing antibody‐coated red cells. The results indicate that under normal conditions, the urinary iron excreted with DF does not originate from destroyed red cells.Iron absorbed from the intestines is no probable source of the iron excreted in the urine with DF, as judged from a study in which the iron excretion was compared during periods with iron‐rich and iron‐free diets.The results of our present and previous studies indicate that stored iron is the probable main source of the iron excreted with DF in the urine.
Comparative Studies on Polymer‐Type Serum and Exocrine IgA
Authors: BALLIEUX RUDY E. , STOOP JAN W. , ZEGERS BEN J. M. 
Published: August 2010

Polymer‐type IgA from serum, reflected in high molecular weight A‐myeloma globulins were studied in the ultracentrifuge, by starch gel electrophoresis and by antigenic analysis. Size heterogeneity was confirmed. No antigenic differences were found between the monomer and the polymer of serum IgA.Peptic digestion of 10 S IgA revealed that the polymerising tendency residues in the Fc‐fragment of the molecule. No antigenic structures, specific for exocrine IgA (colostrum, saliva) could be demonstrated in polymer‐type IgA of serum origin.
The Toa Micro Cell Counter
Authors: Helleman P. W. , Benjamin C. J. 
Published: August 2010

Our study shows that the principle on which detection in the Toa micro cell counter is based, differs from the principle underlying detection in the Coulter counter.Detection in the Toa counter is based on the fact that a particle passing the capillary produces an impulse by virtue of a change in capacity. This is in accordance with the views of the manufacturer of the Toa counter.A non‐linear relation is found between the amplitudes of impulses produced by erythrocytes in the Toa counter and the Coulter counter. Because the relation between the volumes of the erythrocytes and the amplitudes of the impulses they produce in the Coulter counter is linear, this relation is not linear in the Toa counter. It is established that the cause of this alinearity must be sought in the way in which the impulse is generated in the transducer.
Possible Mechanism of Vinblastine‐Induced Thrombocytosis
Authors: Klener P. , Donner L. , Hynčica V. , ŠAfránková D. 
Published: August 2010

Following administration of lower doses of vinca alkaloids a significant thrombocytosis can develop. The authors have attempted to explain the mechanism of this phenomenon.40 female rats of the Wistar strain were sublethally irradiated from a60Co cobalt source. The postradiation depression phase as well as the regeneration phase (depending on intact stem cells) has an approximately parallel course in erythroid, myeloid and megakaryocyte lines. When vinblastine was administered during the period of depression, the platelet count was restored more rapidly and even significant thrombocytosis appeared. The authors suggest that this might be due to increased stem cell differentiation into the megakaryocyte compartment.
INFLUENCE OF FOOD ON THE ABSORPTION FROM DIFFERENT TYPES OF IRON TABLETS
Authors: Ekenved Gunnar , Arvidsson Bertil , Sölvell Lennart 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe influence of a standardized breakfast meal on the absorption of iron from two types of iron tablets ‐ rapidly‐disintegrating and slow‐release tablets ‐ was studied in 24 healthy subjects, using a serum iron technique and whole‐body counter measurements. The meal markedly reduced the absorption of iron from both types of tablets. An 8‐fold reduction was found with the rapidly‐disintegrating tablets and a 3‐fold reduction with the slow‐release tablets. Under fasting conditions the rapidly‐disintegrating tablets were significantly better absorbed than the slow‐release tablets, whereas the reverse was found when the tablets were given with the meal.
Plasma Iron and Erythrocytic Glutathione Peroxidase Activity
Authors: CELLERINO R. , GUIDI G. , PERONA G. 
Published: August 2010

The red cell glutathione‐peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity of 9 normal subjects is compared with that of 15 cases of iron deficiency anaemia and with 13 cases of heterozygous beta‐thalassaemia with the same degree of anaemia and hypochromia. 2 cases of sideroblastic anaemia with high serum iron levels were also examined. Enzymatic activity was found to be significantly decreased in iron deficiency anaemia (about 55 % of normal range), while it was not affected in heterozygous betathalassaemia and it was increased in the 2 cases of sideroblastic anaemia.Moreover, GSH‐Px activity exhibited a significant correlation with serum iron levels in all the patients studied.The observed modifications in GSH‐Px activity are not correlated with erythrocyte ageing because reticulocyte‐poor fractions exhibited GSH‐Px activity which was not significantly reduced in respect of the reticulocyte‐rich ones.These data seem to suggest that iron has a crucial connection with erythrocyte GSH‐Px and that the enzyme deficiency may be of some importance in explaining the decreased red cell survival observed in severe iron‐deficiency anaemias.
Studies on Iron Stores Built up by an Iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex, Ferastral®, in Man
Authors: OLSSON K. S. 
Published: August 2010

The characteristics of iron stores built up by a new parenteral iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex, Ferastral®, have been studied in iron depleted non‐anemic blood donors. The results from studies on the first three subjects are presented.The availability of this storage iron for the chelator, desferrioxamine, was found to be in the same range as normal iron stores. The pattern of distribution in reticuloendothelial cells of the bone marrow could not be differentiated from natural storage iron. No visible iron could be detected in liver parenchymal cells 40 days after iron administration.The results from these preliminary studies suggests normal bioavailability of this material for Hb‐synthesis. The absence of iron in liver parenchymal cells might be explained by the short time interval between the iron administration and the fine needle aspiration biopsy.
Stem Cell (CFU‐C) Proliferation and Emergence in a Case of Chronic Granulocytic Leukaemia: The Role of the Spleen
Authors: Bagby Grover C. 
Published: August 2010

Markedly increased numbers of CFU‐C are characteristically found in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL). The likely sources of these circulating CFU‐C are the spleen and/or bone marrow. Using the double layer agar technique we measured peripheral blood cloning efficiency serially, prior to and after splenectomy in a man with CGL. In addition we measured cloning efficiencies of splenic venous blood, spleen cell suspensions, and marrow cell suspensions on the day of surgery. In order to estimate the proliferative status of CFU‐C, peripheral blood cells as well as spleen and marrow cell suspensions were exposed to cytosine arabino‐side for 60 min prior to culture.Peripheral blood cloning efficiency (155 ± 8 colonies / 2 times 105 cells) decreased markedly (10 ± 3) after splenectomy. Cloning efficiency of splenic venous blood (288 ± 34) was twice that of peripheral venous blood. The surviving fraction of splenic CFU‐C after exposure to cytosine arabinoside was 16 % compared to survivals of 67 % and 66 % for marrow and peripheral blood CFU‐C respectively. We conclude that the spleen was primarily responsible for the release of CFU‐C into the peripheral blood and that the splenic microenvironment may have exerted a more marked stimulatory effect on the replicative activity of CFU‐C than did the microenvironment of the marrow.
Facial Nerve Palsy in Acute Leukaemia
Authors: Lilleyman J. S. , Antoniou A. G. , Sugden P. J. 
Published: August 2010

During a three year period, of 62 children and adults seen with lymphoblastic leukaemia 6 developed unilateral facial paralysis during the course of their disease, compared to none of 54 adults and children with acute non‐lymphatic leukaemia seen during the same period.In all cases the problem arose in patients with refractory disease and was associated with the development of resistant bone marrow infiltration. The neuropathy showed no obvious response to intrathecal therapy and whilst meningeal infiltration was present at some stage in all but one of the 6, this waxed and waned independently of the facial palsy.Four of the 6 cases described had stigmata of the T‐cell variety of lymphoblastic leukaemia, which is a significantly higher proportion than would be expected by chance. This apparent association with T‐cell disease has not been previously recognised.
Non‐Specific and Specific Effects of a Granulocytic Bio‐Inhibitor on Different Haematopoietic Cell Populations
Authors: Vilpo Ja 
Published: August 2010

The effect of a leucocyte conditioned medium derivative on the 5‐125iodo‐2′‐deoxy‐uridine (125I‐UdR) uptake by 6 haematopoietic cell populations with a simple in vitro assay system was tested. The low doses of the test substance ‐ a putative granulocytic chalone ‐ inhibited significantly the uptake of125I‐UdR only in predominantly granulocytic cell cultures. This inhibition was achieved using μg/ml concentrations, which have previously been shown to be inhibitory to normal and malignant granulocytic cells in vivo.The test preparations inhibited the uptake of125I‐UdR in all cell populations (non‐granulocytic included) when doses exceeding 10 μg/ml were used. The prerequisite for an adequate demonstration of the specificity of a bio‐inhibitor is discussed.
Folate and Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Blood Levels in Elderly Persons in Geriatric Homes
Authors: Magnus E. M. , Bache‐Wiig J. E. , Aanderson T. R. , Melbostad E. 
Published: August 2010

Significantly lower mean plasma and whole blood folate levels were noted in elderly persons in geriatric homes as compared to mean values of a reference sample group. The vitamin B12 levels of the elderly persons did not differ significantly from the reference values. More elderly persons, however, had low B12 values when assayed with a specific binder than when assayed with a non‐specific binder. This probably means that B12 analogues are more frequently present in elderly persons in geriatric homes than in subjects in the reference sample group.One half of the disabled elderly persons had low B12 and/or low folate levels as compared to only one fifth of the not disabled elderly persons.Hypersegmentation of neutrophils in peripheral blood was observed in elderly persons who had low levels of B12 as well as of both plasma and whole blood folate. Those with normal values of at least one of these variables did not have hypersegmentation more frequently than those with normal B12 and folate values, implying that isolated low values of either B12 or folate is not synonymous with functional deficiency.
Inhibitory Effects of T cells on In Vitro Granulopoiesis, Erythropoiesis, and Immunoglobulin Production in Patients with Aplastic Anaemia
Authors: Nagasawa Toshiro , Abe Tsukasa , Hanada Takashi 
Published: August 2010

Coculture with mononuclear cells from aplastic anaemia (AA) patients and normal bone marrow cells produced different responses among 10 patients studied. In 4 cases, CFU‐E growth was inhibited while in another 2 cases CFU‐C growth was inhibited. To determine the suppressive effects of mononuclear cells from 6 AA patients, mononuclear cells were separated into T cells, B cells, and monocytes. It was found that T cells from 6 AA patients exhibited suppressive effects on normal CFU‐C or CFU‐E growth, whereas T cells from normal subjects enhanced the colony formation of CFU‐C and CFU‐E. On the other hand, monocytes from 6 A A patients and normal subjects strongly suppressed normal CFU‐C and CFU‐E growth, although no significant difference was observed in both groups. The immune system in 10 AA patients was evaluated. 3 AA patients (Cases No. 1, 6, 8) exhibited an increase in Tr cells, impairment of PHA responsiveness, and low level of immunoglobulin. T cells from these patients showed a significant suppressive effect on PWM‐induced differentiation of allogenic normal B cells.Thus, T cells from 3 out of 10 AA patients exhibited suppressor activities on both haematopoietic cell differentiation and B cell differentiation into plasma cells in vitro.
Monoclonal Antibody‐Defined T‐Cell Subsets in Hairy‐Cell Leukaemia
Authors: WORMAN C. P. , CAWLEY J. C. 
Published: August 2010

In 17 tests in 14 patients with hairy‐cell leukaemia (HCL), peripheral blood Leu 2a+ and 3a+ suppressor and helper cells were present in normal mean percentage (3a+ 63 + 15 %, normal 64 + 8%; 2a+ 39 + 16%, normal 34 + 8%), absolute (3a+ 0.8 + 0.4 times 109/1, normal 0.6‐1.4 times 109/1; 2a+ 0.5 + 0.4 times 109/1, normal 0.2‐0.6 times 109/1), and relative (3a+/2a+) (2.2 + 1.3, normal 1.9 + 0.7) numbers.In all the 9 untreated patients, 3a+ helper cells were normal or increased in percentage numbers, while 2a+ suppressor cells were normal or slightly reduced. It is suggested that these data explain, at least in part, the lack of immuneparesis of HCL as compared with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) which is consistently associated with immuneparesis and an excess of Leu 2a+ suppressor cells.In individual splenectomised patients, some variations in Leu 2a+ and 3a+ numbers were observed, and it is suggested that the spleen, known to be important in the natural history of HCL, may have an influence on peripheral T‐cell subsets.Although HCL is clearly shown to differ from CLL and myeloma regarding T‐cell subset numbers, the fundamental mechanism underlying this difference remains unknown.
T‐Lymphocytes with Both Helper‐ and Suppressor Markers on the Same Cell in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Stavem Per , Førre ØYstein , Brandtzæg Per , Nyberg Harald 
Published: August 2010

A 62‐year‐old Norwegian male was found to have a leucocytosis (20 × 109/1 blood). About 80% of the leucocytes were T‐lymphocytes with markedly convoluted, often cerebriforme nuclei. There were generalized pea‐sized lymph nodes. The liver was enlarged and was found to be infiltrated with the same type of lymphocytes as were found in the blood. A bone marrow biopsy showed massive infiltration with the same kind of cells. The patient had a non‐specific rash, but no generalized exfoliative dermatitis.A double set of markers was found on the T‐lymphocytes, with a membrane phenotype T4 + and T8+ on practically all cells.
Relevance of Monoclonal Antibodies in the Diagnosis of Unusual T‐Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Foa R. , Cappio F. Caligaris , Campana D. , Fierro M. T. , Bergui L. , Giubellino M. C. , Lusso P. 
Published: August 2010

3 cases of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the T‐cell nature of which was identified only using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), are described. All cases were E‐rosette negative, surface immunoglobulin (SmIg) negative, common ALL (CALLA) antigen negative, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) positive, and acid phosphatase positive. The T‐cell origin of the blasts was demonstrated by the positivity with RFA‐1, a MoAb which detects an antigen of MW 65–69000 present on the membrane of thymocytes and mature T‐lymphocytes. In addition, 2 of the 3 cases were positive with OKT6, which recognizes cortical thymocytes. MoAb directed against more mature T lineage cells (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKT11A) were consistently negative (≤ 12%).These findings indicate that the use of a combination of MoAb is important in detecting individual cases of T‐ALL, which otherwise might be classified as undifferentiated acute leukaemia or null‐ALL. MoAb detecting a T‐cell antigenic determinant of MW 65–69000 (e.g. RFA‐1, OKT1, Leu1) appear the most specific reagents for T‐ALL.
Emperipolesis and Annulate Lamellae in Erythroleukaemia
Authors: Kamiyama Ryuichi , Onozawa Yasusuke , Yamaguchi Hisomu , Tsukada Toshiyasu 
Published: August 2010

The bone marrow in the erythraemic phase of 2 erythroleukaemic patients was studied electron microscopically.Emperipolesis of erythrocytes as well as annulate lamellae were revealed in the cytoplasm of the erythroblasts of these cases. It is assumed that these findings show a high rate of erythroblastic proliferation. This is the first report of emperipolesis within the erythroblast by erythroleukaemia. In addition, other various abnormalities, namely, nuclear‐cytoplasmic asynchrony, nuclear bleb or cleft formation, abundant glycogen particles and ferruginous micelles in mitochondria such as described in some previous reports, were also recognized.
Soluble fibrin (ethanol gelation test) and fibrin(ogen) degradation products in suspected thrombosis with reference to the 125I‐fibrinogen uptake test for detection of thrombus formation
Authors: HAMBORG T. , SKJENNALD A. , GODAL H.C. , BROSSTAD F. 
Published: August 2010

When symptoms of deep vein thrombosis is confirmed by venography (established DVT), the 125I‐fibrinogen uptake test (FUT) will discriminate between thrombi which incorporate the isotope (FUT+) and those who do not (FUT−). These are probably forming and non‐forming thrombi, respectively. The aim of the present study was to compare the occurrence of fibrinaemia, using the ethanol gelation test (EGT), in patients with FUT+ and FUT− thrombi. Fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP) were also analysed.The study included 64 medical patients with suspected DVT, confirmed by venography in 43 and precluded in 21 patients. Isotope studies included 12 patients with FUT+ and 13 with FUT− thrombi.Significant concordance between hemostatic parameters and venography was found only for FDP. The sensitivity of FDP on admission was 53%, but also patients without DVT had increased values (5%, P < 0,001).Among patients with documented DVT, a positive EGT was specific for those with FUT+ thrombi which incorporated the isotope in at least 4 recording positions, whereas the sensitivity on admission was 89% (P < 0,005). A positive EGT was not associated with other variables, including disorders other than DVT. The strong association between abnormal isotope findings and a positive EGT suggests that FUT+ thrombi may induce fibrinaemia.
Phenotypical heterogeneity of Japanese adult T‐cell leukaemia
Authors: TAGAWA SHINICHI , KONISHI ICHIRO , TOKUMINE YUKIHIRO , KURATSUNE HIROHIKO , MACHII TAKASHI , KITANI TERUO 
Published: August 2010

The leukaemic cells of 11 patients with Japanese adult T‐cell leukaemia (ATL) were characterized in terms of phenotype employing various monoclonal antibodies against T‐cell surface antigens. The leukaemic cells of all ATL patients except patient no. 11 displayed the phenotype OKT4+/OKT8‐. However, the % of OKT3+cells varied from 3 to 98. In 1 case, cells with phenotype OKT4+/OKT8+, which is characteristic of T‐cells at an early stage of differentiation, were found. These results suggest that some ATL cells may be in an immature differentiation stage.Among the 11 patients, 2 with unusual ATL cell phenotypes (1 case with OKT3‐cells and 1 case with Ia+/EAC+cells) showed spontaneous regression of leukaemic cells. Characterization of leukaemic cells from a larger number of ATL patients may demonstrate a significant relationship between cell phenotype and prognosis.
The Impact of Donor Selection in Avoiding Hepatitis Virus Transmission
Authors: Warson S I 
Published: August 2010

Concerning hepatitis B one remaining problem is the occurrence of so called “low‐level” hepatitis B virus carriers who are HBsAg‐negative by routine RIA‐testing but positive when the sample is retested for instance after pepsin digestion and polyethyleneglycol precipitation. A simple and reproducible technique for the detection of these low‐level HBV carriers would be of great value. IgM anti‐HBc does not seem to accomplish this purpose.For the detection of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis viruses, reliable techniques are still lacking. ALT‐determinations are not ideal and the reported prevalence of non‐A, non‐B virus carriers among donors based on ALT‐elevation studies in recipients may be an overestimation. An upcoming problem if and when ALT‐screening will be introduced is the significant number of donors with ALT‐elevations. What are we going to tell them? What are we going to do with them in terms of medical evaluation? These are questions which ought to be answered before large‐scale ALT‐screening is introduced. Furthermore, no randomized study has shown that exclusion of blood from donors with ALT‐elevations lowers the incidence of post‐transfusion hepatitis.The use of as small donor populations as possible and preferably volunteer donors of high socio‐economic status when manufacturing clotting factor concentrates is of course of utmost importance for patients with severe hemophilia who need these products. In patients with infrequent bleeding episodes who requires treatments for special situations only, the “small pool concept” in preparation of cryoprecipitates ought to be generally accepted.The use of DDAVP preparations in donors and in hemophiliacs who have some endogenous activity of F VIII in order to increase the yield or decrease the demand, respectively, is interesting and may possibly reduce the number of donors required for production of F VIII concentrates.