bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor in the Mandibular Gingiva: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nonaka Cassiano F.W. , Pacheco Domingos F.S. , Nunes Rodrigo P.A. , Freitas Roseana de A. , Miguel Márcia Cristina da Costa 
Published: March 2009

Background: Ossifying fibromyxoid tumors (OFTs) are uncommon soft tissue neoplasms. Only one case arising in the gingiva has been described.Methods: A 21‐year‐old woman presented with a painless exophytic mass located in the right posterior mandibular gingiva, which was identified 6 months earlier. Radiographs showed irregular calcifications inside the lesion, discrete irregularity of alveolar bone, and integrity of buccal and lingual cortical bone. An incisional biopsy was performed based on the clinical diagnostic hypothesis of peripheral ossifying fibroma or peripheral giant cell granuloma. Microscopic features were compatible with the diagnosis of ossifying fibroma. The entire mass was excised and submitted to histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis.Results: Histopathologic analysis revealed proliferation of round to spindle‐shaped cells arranged in cords and nests and embedded in a fibromyxoid matrix. An incomplete shell of bone trabeculae located beneath the fibrous pseudocapsule was observed at the periphery. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positivity for vimentin and S‐100 protein and negativity for smooth muscle actin, muscle‐specific actin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. The definitive diagnosis was OFT. The patient showed no clinical signs of recurrence 7 months after surgical excision.Conclusions: OFTs located in the gingiva are extremely rare. At this site, these tumors are clinically indistinguishable from other reactive or neoplastic lesions. Although many cases present an indolent biologic behavior, the local recurrence of OFTs has been reported; therefore, long‐term follow‐up is mandatory.
Association of Cigarette Smoking With Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme Levels in Subjects With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Agnihotri Rupali , Pandurang Pratibha , Kamath Shobha U. , Goyal Rahul , Ballal Suhas , Shanbhogue Ashwini Y. , Kamath Ullas , Bhat G. Subraya , Bhat K. Mahalinga 
Published: March 2009

Background: Smoking, which is an important risk factor for periodontitis, induces oxidative stress in the body and causes an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). In the present study, the influence of smoking on the periodontium was determined by estimating the levels of SOD in light and heavy smokers with periodontitis.Methods: Seventy subjects in the age range of 20 to 55 years, including 60 smokers and 10 non‐smokers (controls), were selected. Clinical parameters recorded were plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and attachment loss (AL). Smokers were divided into light smokers (<10 cigarettes/day) and heavy smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day) and into three subgroups: healthy, mild periodontitis, and moderate periodontitis. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva samples were collected. SOD levels were analyzed using spectrophotometric assay.Results: The mean levels of SOD in the GCF and saliva of smokers were decreased compared to controls. Intra‐ and intergroup analyses showed a significant reduction in the levels of SOD in the GCF and saliva of heavy smokers compared to light smokers and the control group.Conclusions: There was a progressive reduction in SOD levels from healthy non‐smokers to light smokers to heavy smokers. These findings highlight the need to augment the efforts of smoking‐cessation programs. The benefits of reduced smoking and improved antioxidant levels may motivate smoking cessation.
Optimization of Milling Plugs With Coil Tubing on the Pinedale Anticline
Authors: Perry B. , McCluskey A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
One main challenge facing the Shell Pinedale Anticline completions is effectively drilling 21 plugs per well throughout a 6500′ hydraulically fractured completion interval (7,500′ – 14,000′ TMD) in a safe, timely, and cost effective manner. Ths process of drilling plugs has improved considerably with respect to time, cost, and environmental impact since drilling and completions operations ramped up in 2002.
Early bottom hole assembly (BHA) designs used for the drilling of plugs with coiled tubing (CT) were limited to drilling approximately 4-6 plugs before tripping out of hole for a new mill or motor. In addition to the long cycle times, this BHA design also resulted in high frequency of sticking, disconnects, and costly fishing jobs. Since no advanced flowback equipment or layouts were used on early drill outs, all gas was flared. Improvements to all aspects of the drilling process, such as BHA design and flowback layout, have led to routinely drilling up as many as 21 composite bridge plugs, with one coiled tubing trip, limited flaring of gas, and reduced cycle time of less than 24 hours from rig up to rig down.
This paper will focus on four main areas of improvement: 1) Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) improvements; mill design, motor performance 2) Surface equipment improvements resulting in limited flaring, 3) Composite plug selection, 4) CT selection – taper, grade, size.
First Coiled Tubing Swellable-Packer Deployment in the Middle East
Authors: Noguera Jose , Sierra Leopoldo , Jorgensen Thomas 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This paper describes the rigless deployment of two swellable-packer assemblies used to isolate a set of perforations in a horizontal cased-hole completion. The purpose of this application was to provide a cost-effective method of isolating a high water-saturated zone in an extended lateral and to facilitate the production of hydrocarbon from the rest of the perforations.
The candidate selected for this application was a horizontal cased-hole well with five sets of perforations in which the water cut increased from 0 to 60% in less than two years of production. A production and water-detection log was acquired and confirmed the top set of perforations as the water-entry point.
Several rigless alternatives, including chemical treatments, inflatable packers, and oil-swellable packers, were evaluated as potential solutions to isolate the perforations. The complexity of placement of chemical water-shutoff treatments in horizontal sections and previous unsuccessful isolations with inflatable packers aided in the selection of an oil-swellable packer as the most suitable solution.
The rigless deployment of two swellable-packer assemblies with 250 ft of blank section to straddle the water-intrusion zone while complying with the necessary well-control barriers presented an operational challenge that was overcome by combining slickline with coiled tubing (CT) services. The solution allowed successful placement of both assemblies in the horizontal section.
Safer, Faster, and More-Reliable Operations With Next-Generation Offshore Coiled Tubing Unit
Authors: Burgos R. , Mallalieu R. , Yusoff A. Mohd , Wicaksono K. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Most coiled tubing (CT) interventions are performed in a rigless environment. In fact, this is one of the important drivers for the widespread acceptance and continued growth of the technique for well servicing, especially in the offshore domain where the logistical costs are higher and operational challenges are more complex.
Unlike land-based CT operations where integration is straightforward, the issues of equipment packaging for offshore integration is daunting. Overcoming limitations of crane-load lift capacity and deck space constraints are just part of the problem. Offshore CT units (CTU) are typically packaged as separate modules with components that require integration before any well intervention activity can begin. Rig up and operational efficiency are important design considerations for offshore CTU packages, but overall safety and regulatory compliance are of paramount concern.
A new CTU configuration designed to meet the stringent demands of offshore CT operations was recently introduced. The design focused on key integration and HSE issues relating to the rig-up process. Results from more than 500 jobs performed during a 2-year period, in far eastern offshore environments indicated significant improvements in overall operational efficiency. In addition, the new designs met predefined HSE performance objectives, particularly during equipment rig-up phase.
Optimizing the Most Common CT Operation in the US: Findings From More Than 60 Composite Frac Plug Underbalanced Milling Operations in the Piceance Basin
Authors: Castro L. , Clark B. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The advent of multi-zone stimulation techniques has created an increasing need for zonal isolation devices, such as composite bridge and frac plugs. Bringing the well on to production requires that these devices be removed from the wellbore effectively and in a timely fashion. Milling composite frac plugs (CFP) using coiled tubing (CT) and positive displacement motors (PDM) is one of the most common and effective methods in the industry. Where formation properties allow, overbalanced CFP milling is routinely performed with high degrees of success. However, underbalanced milling operations that use nitrogen as a circulation aid pose additional challenges. Further, efforts to optimize the technique are often limited by the numerous parameters involved which reduce the repeatability of successful results.
This paper presents the lessons learned from over sixty underbalanced CFP milling operations performed in the Piceance Basin. The results shown are uniquely relevant due to the fact that the operations involved in this study were performed within the same field, using the same type and size of PDM, mill, CFP, and CT. Very rarely can all these variables be kept as constants. Additionally, the same core field personnel were used over a one year period. This elevated level of consistency allows the author to focus on key controllable CT variables of the operation. The paper will review the optimization and results of: two-phase flow rates, PDM stalling, milling profiles and optimum wellhead pressures.
Reviewing the field data has resulted in improved operational efficiencies by empirically developing two concepts: the "milling profile" and the "optimum milling wellhead pressure". These improvements will be discussed in the paper.
Utilizing Field Data to Validate Finite Element Analysis Modeling of a Coiled Tubing Intervention Stack on a North Slope of Alaska Well
Authors: Newman K. R. , Traugott D. A. , Deckert Steven 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
BP Exploration in Alaska were planning Coiled Tubing (CT) operations on wells that have components in the wellhead stack with 2-9/16", 5,000 psi components at the bottom of the stack. There was a concern that the CT intervention stack and associated equipment could damage these small wellhead components during the well intervention process.
A finite-element analysis (FEA) was performed of the intervention stack, followed by a field test in which a bending moment and force measuring gauge was used to measure the actual moments and forces being applied. Results from the field test were used to improve the FEA modeling.This paper presents the results from the modeling and the field test, and discusses the conclusions from this study.
Evaluation of the volumes of cranial cavities in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Chiari-like malformation and other brachycephalic dogs as measured via computed tomography
Authors: Schmidt Martin J. , Biel Miriam , Klumpp Stephan , Schneider Matthias , Kramer Martin 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To measure the absolute and relative volumes of cranial vaults of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs) and other brachycephalic dogs for the purpose of evaluating a possible association between the volume of the caudal fossa (fossa caudalis cerebri; CF) and existence of Chiari-like malformation (CLM) and syringohydromyelia in CKCSs.
Animals—40 CKCSs and 25 brachycephalic dogs.
Procedures—The intracranial vault of all dogs was evaluated via computed tomography followed by magnetic resonance imaging. Volumes of the CF and the rostral and medial fossa (fossa rostralis et medialis cerebri) were determined. The ratio of the absolute volumes was calculated as the volume index (VI).
Results—All CKCSs had cranial characteristics consistent with CLM. There were no significant differences between CKCSs and brachycephalic dogs with respect to the VI and absolute volumes of the CF and rostral and medial fossas. The CKCSs without syringohydromyelia (n = 26) had a median VI of 0.1842, and CKCSs with syringohydromyelia (14) had a median VI of 0.1805. The median VI of other brachycephalic dogs was 0.1864. The VI did not differ among these 3 groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study suggested that descent of the cerebellum into the foramen magnum and the presence of syringohydromyelia in CKCSs are not necessarily associated with a volume reduction in the CF of the skull.
Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after oral administration to rabbits
Authors: Carpenter James W. , Pollock Christal G. , Koch David E. , Hunter Robert P. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after oral administration every 24 hours to rabbits during a 10-day period.
Animals—8 healthy 9-month-old female New Zealand White rabbits.
Procedures—Marbofloxacin (5 mg/kg) was administered orally every 24 hours to 8 rabbits for 10 days. The first day of administration was designated as day 1. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 0.17, 0.33, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours on days 1 and 10 of marbofloxacin administration. Plasma marbofloxacin concentrations were quantitated by use of a validated liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry assay. Pharmacokinetic analysis of marbofloxacin was analyzed via noncompartmental methods.
Results—After oral administration, mean ± SD area under the curve was 10.50 ± 2.00 μg·h/mL and 10.90 ± 2.45 μg·h/mL, maximum plasma concentration was 1.73 ± 0.35 μg/mL and 2.56 ± 0.71 μg/mL, and harmonic mean terminal half-life was 8.0 hours and 3.9 hours for days 0 and 10, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Marbofloxacin administered orally every 24 hours for 10 days appeared to be absorbed well and tolerated by rabbits. Administration of marbofloxacin at a dosage of 5 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours is recommended for rabbits to control infections attributable to susceptible bacteria.
Effects of larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) on heart rate and electrically evoked electromyographic response of the external anal sphincter in cattle
Authors: Green Benedict T. , Pfister James A. , Cook Daniel , Welch Kevin D. , Stegelmeier Bryan L. , Lee Stephen T. , Gardner Dale R. , Knoppel Edward L. , Panter Kip E. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether larkspur-derived N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL)-type alkaloids alter heart rate and electrically evoked electromyographic (eEMG) response of the external anal sphincter (EAS) in cattle and whether these effects can be reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
Animals—12 beef heifers and 4 cows.
Procedures—3 or 4 heifers were used in 1 or 2 of 7 dose-response experiments; heart rate and EAS eEMG response were assessed before and 24 hours after oral treatment with larkspur (doses equivalent to 0.5 to 15 mg of MSAL-type alkaloids/kg). In 3 subsequent experiments, 3 heifers (1 of which was replaced with another heifer in the control experiment) each received 10 mg of MSAL-type alkaloids/kg and were injected IV with physostigmine (0.04 mg/kg), neostigmine (0.04 mg/kg), or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution 24 hours later, prior to assessment. Additionally, EAS eEMG response was measured in 4 cows before and after epidural administration of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride.
Results—Larkspur-treated heifers developed dose-related increases in heart rate and decreases in EAS eEMG response. Twenty-four hours after administration of MSAL-type alkaloids, neostigmine decreased heart rate but did not affect eEMG response, whereas physostigmine did not affect heart rate but caused a 2-fold increase in eEMG response. In cows, epidural anesthesia did not alter eEMG response, suggesting that transdermal stimulation of the EAS pudendal innervation did not occur.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In cattle, cardiac effects and muscle weakness or loss of EAS eEMG response induced by larkspur-derived MSAL-type alkaloids were reversed by neostigmine or physostigmine, respectively. Treatment with anticholinesterase inhibitors may alter the clinical effects of larkspur poisoning in cattle.
Efficiency of CYP2C9 Genetic Test Representation for Automated Pharmacogenetic Decision Support
Authors: Hoffman M. A. , Arnoldi C. , Bray B. E. , Mitchell J. A. , Deshmukh V. G. 
Published: March 2009

Summary
Objectives: We investigated the suitability of representing discrete genetic test results in the electronic health record (EHR) as individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and as alleles, using the CYP2C9 gene and its polymorphic states, as part of a pilot study. The purpose of our investigation was to determine the appropriate level of data abstraction when reporting genetic test results in the EHR that would allow meaningful interpretation and clinical decision support based on current knowledge, while retaining sufficient information in order to enable reinterpretation of the results in the context of future discoveries.
Methods: Based on the SNP & allele models, we designed two separate lab panels within the laboratory information system, one containing SNPs and the other containing alleles, built separate rules in the clinical decision support system based on each model, and evaluated the performance of these rules in an EHR simulation environment using real-world scenarios.
Results: Although decision-support rules based on allele model required significantly less computational time than rules based on SNP model, no difference was observed on the total time taken to chart medication orders between rules based on these two models.
Conclusions: Both, SNP- and allele-based models, can be used effectively for representing genetic test results in the EHR without impacting clinical decision support systems. While storing and reporting genetic test results as alleles allow for the construction of simpler decision-support rules, and make it easier to present these results to clinicians, SNP-based model can retain a greater amount of information that could be useful for future reinterpretation.
A Simple Modeling-free Method Provides Accurate Estimates of Sensitivity and Specificity of Longitudinal Disease Biomarkers
Authors: Pouteil-Noble C. , Toussaint S. , Villar E. , Rabilloud M. , Subtil F. 
Published: March 2009

Summary
Objective: To assess the time-dependent accuracy of a continuous longitudinal biomarker used as a test for early diagnosis or prognosis.
Methods: A method for accuracy assessment is proposed taking into account the marker measurement time and the delay between marker measurement and outcome. It dealt with markers having interval-censored measurements and a detection threshold. The threshold crossing times were assessed by a Bayesian method. A numerical study was conducted to test the procedures that were later applied to PCR measurements for prediction of cytomegalovirus disease after renal transplantation.
Results: The Bayesian method corrected the bias induced by interval-censored measurements on sensitivity estimates, with corrections from 0.07 to 0.3. In the application to cytomegalovirus disease, the Bayesian method estimated the area under the ROC curve to be over 75% during the first 20 days after graft and within five days between marker measurement and disease onset. However, the accuracy decreased quickly as that delay increased and late after graft.
Conclusions: The proposed Bayesian method is easy to implement for assessing the time-dependent accuracy of a longitudinal biomarker and gives unbiased results under some conditions.
Psoriatic Arthritis Spondylitis Radiology Index: A Modified Index for Radiologic Assessment of Axial Involvement in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: LUBRANO ENNIO , MARCHESONI ANTONIO , OLIVIERI IGNAZIO , D’ANGELO SALVATORE , SPADARO ANTONIO , PARSONS WENDY J. , CAULI ALBERTO , SALVARANI CARLO , MATHIEU ANTONIO , PORTER GUY , HELLIWELL PHILIP S. 
Published: March 2009

Objective.To develop and validate a modified index for assessing the radiologic axial involvement in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in a group of patients with established disease.Methods.Patients were included on clinical and/or radiologic criteria. The modified index combined features of existing radiologic indices for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with the addition of scores for the facet joints of the cervical and lumbar regions. Scores for the BathAS Radiology Index (BASRI), the modified Stoke AS Scoring System (mSASSS), and the new index were obtained from current radiographs. The construct validity of the new index was assessed by examining the correlation with patient reported outcomes, such as the Revised Leeds Disability Questionnaire (RLDQ) and BathAS Functional Index (BASFI), and anthropometric measures.Results.Radiographs were available for 73 patients (54 men, 19 women, mean age 49.4 ± 11.0 yrs, mean disease duration 14.0 ± 7.9 yrs). Due to difficulty in visualizing and interpreting the lumbar facet joints, only the cervical facet joints were included in the new score, called the PsA Spondylitis Radiology Index (PASRI). Overall, the PASRI resulted in less missing data than the mSASSS, but had less complete data than the BASRI. The PASRI also had fewer zero scores than the mSASSS and the score range for the PASRI exceeded that of the mSASSS and the BASRI. Correlation with anthropometric and patient reported outcomes was good for both the PASRI and BASRI, with both these measures outscoring the mSASSS.Conclusion.The PASRI encompasses a greater range of the spinal radiologic features of PsA, provides a greater score range and fewer zero scores, and correlates well with anthropometric and patient reported measures.
The Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index-5 in Daily Use. Proposal for Disease Activity Categories
Authors: RINTELEN BERNHARD , HAINDL PIA M. , SAUTNER JUDITH , LEEB BARBARA A. , DEUTSCH CHRISTOPH , LEEB BURKHARD F. 
Published: March 2009

Objective.To establish thresholds for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity categories according to the RA Disease Activity Index-5 (RADAI-5).Methods.Three hundred ninety-two patients with RA were categorized according to Disease Activity Score 28-joint count (DAS28), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), and their satisfaction (PATSAT) with disease status. These measures built the basis for the calculation of disease activity limits for the RADAI-5. Patient assessments simultaneously meeting the identical DAS28, CDAI, and PATSAT categories were taken as the references to establish the thresholds for the respective RADAI-5 categories by calculating the third quartile of the corresponding RADAI-5 values. Subsequently, these new thresholds were applied to all assessments.Results.Seven hundred fifty-eight assessments in 392 patients (2 assessments median/patient) could be obtained, most patients having mild to moderate disease according to DAS28 and CDAI. Calculating the third quartile, the RADAI-5 thresholds were as follows: 0.0–1.4 for a remission-like state, 1.6–3.0 for mild disease activity, 3.2–5.4 for moderate, and 5.6–10.0 for high disease activity. Categorization according to the RADAI-5 showed a normal distribution, while DAS28 and CDAI were somewhat shifted to the left. DAS28 and CDAI levels, as well as tender and swollen joint counts and physician’s global assessment and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, proved to be highly significantly different within the different RADAI-5 categories (Kruskal-Wallis test p < 0.001).Conclusion.RADAI-5 thresholds for RA activity could be elaborated. Patient self-report questionnaires may substitute composite disease activity scores and may contribute significantly to improving documentation in routine patient care.