bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ratings of symptoms and comfort in dementia patients at the end of life: comparison of nurses and families
Authors: van der Steen JT , Gijsberts MJ , Knol DL , Deliens L , Muller MT 
Published: April 2009

After-death reporting by proxies on end-of-life outcomes is used in research and can also be used to target institutions directly to improve practice. We compared the scores of family caregivers and nurses on two End-of-Life in Dementia Scales (EOLD) scales: Symptom Management (SM; range 0–45) over the last 3 months of life and Comfort Assessment in Dying (CAD; range 14–42). Higher scores represent better outcomes. Four Dutch nursing homes retrospectively enrolled 48 decedents with dementia. Total mean scores for family caregivers and nurses were 28.7 (SD 9.6) versus 25.2 (SD 12.7) for the SM and 31.7 (SD 5.5) versus 32.8 (SD 8.2) for the CAD. Mean item scores also did not differ much. Concordance Correlation Coefficients were 0.42 (SM) and 0.04 (CAD). Mean evaluations of end of life with dementia corresponded reasonably well between family and professional caregivers, but correspondence of individual observations was poor to moderate, suggesting serious differences in individual ratings but little systematic difference.
Fast Bowlers in Cricket Demonstrate Up to 3- to 4-Week Delay Between High Workloads and Increased Risk of Injury
Authors: Orchard John W. , James Trefor , Portus Marc , Kountouris Alex , Dennis Rebecca 
Published: April 2009

Background Limited research in cricket bowlers and baseball pitchers has shown a correlation between workload and injury risk. Hypothesis Acute high bowling workload in cricket leads to increased risk of bowling injury in future matches. Study Design Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods One hundred twenty-nine pace (fast) bowlers who bowled in 2715 player matches over a period of 10 seasons were followed to compare overs bowled in each match and injury risk subsequent to the match. Results Bowlers who bowled more than 50 overs in a match had an injury incidence in the next 21 days of 3.37 injuries per 1000 overs bowled, a significantly increased risk compared with those bowlers who bowled less than 50 overs (relative risk [RR], 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–2.98). Bowlers who bowled more than 30 overs in the second inning of a match had a significantly increased injury risk per over bowled in the next 28 days (RR, 2.42; 95% CI: 1.38–4.26). Time periods of less than 21 days or more than 28 days after the match in question did not yield significant differences in injury risk per over bowled between high and low workload bowlers. Conclusion High acute workload in cricket fast bowlers may lead to a somewhat delayed increased risk of injury up to 3 to 4 weeks after the acute overload, possibly via a mechanism of damaging immature (repair) tissue. Clinical Relevance Cricket fast bowling and possibly baseball pitching workloads require scrutiny not just for acute injuries but also for injury prevention in the subsequent month.
Cytohesin-1 controls the activation of RhoA and modulates integrin-dependent adhesion and migration of dendritic cells
Authors: Quast Thomas , Tappertzhofen Barbara , Schild Cora , Grell Jessica , Czeloth Niklas , Förster Reinhold , Alon Ronen , Fraemohs Line , Dreck Katrin , Weber Christian , Lämmermann Tim , Sixt Michael , Kolanus Waldemar 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAdhesion and motility of mammalian leukocytes are essential requirements for innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms. We show here that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor cytohesin-1, which had previously been demonstrated to be an important component of beta-2 integrin activation in lymphocytes, regulates the activation of the small GTPase RhoA in primary dendritic cells (DCs). Cytohesin-1 and RhoA are both required for the induction of chemokine-dependent conformational changes of the integrin beta-2 subunit of DCs during adhesion under physiological flow conditions. Furthermore, use of RNAi in murine bone marrow DCs (BM-DCs) revealed that interference with cytohesin-1 signaling impairs migration of wild-type dendritic cells in complex 3D environments and in vivo. This phenotype was not observed in the complete absence of integrins. We thus demonstrate an essential role of cytohesin-1/RhoA during ameboid migration in the presence of integrins and further suggest that DCs without integrins switch to a different migration mode.
IFN-λ1 (IL-29) inhibits GATA3 expression and suppresses Th2 responses in human naive and memory T cells
Authors: Dai Jihong , Megjugorac Nicholas J. , Gallagher Grant E. , Yu Raymond Y. L. , Gallagher Grant 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIFN-λ1 (IL-29) plays a novel, emerging role in the inhibition of human Th2 responses. Here, we demonstrate that both naive and memory human CD4+ T cells express mRNA for the IFN-λ1–specific receptor, IL-28Rα, and are responsive to IFN-λ1. Expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) was suppressed in naive and memory CD4+ T cells by IFN-λ1, without affecting their proliferation. Further, acquisition of IL-4Rα expression after stimulation was inhibited by IFN-λ1, as was GATA3 expression. Finally, IFN-λ1 diminished the change in cell-surface phenotype that accompanies differentiation of “central memory” T cells into “effector memory” T cells. Taken together, our data describe unique immunomodulatory effects of IFN-λ1 and identify novel mechanisms for the reduction of existing Th2 responses and the regulation of new ones, in circulating naive and memory CD4+ T cells.
Anti-idiotype antibody response after vaccination correlates with better overall survival in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Ai Weiyun Z. , Tibshirani Robert , Taidi Behnaz , Czerwinski Debra , Levy Ronald 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that vaccination-induced tumor-specific immune response is associated with superior clinical outcome in patients with follicular lymphoma. Here, we investigated whether this positive correlation extends to overall survival (OS). We analyzed 91 untreated patients who received CVP chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone) followed by idiotype vaccination. Idiotype proteins were produced either by the hybridoma method or by expression of recombinant idiotype-encoding sequences in mammalian or plant-based expression systems. We found that achieving a complete response/complete response unconfirmed (CR/CRu) to CVP and making an anti-idiotype antibody are 2 independent factors that each correlated with longer OS at 10 years (89% vs 68% with or without a CR/CRu, P = .024; 90% vs 69% with or without tumor-specific antibody production; P = .027). In the subset of patients who received hybridoma-generated vaccines, we found that anti-idiotype production was even more highly associated with superior OS (P < .002); this was the case even in patients with a partial response (PR) to CVP (P < .001).
Colonizing the Patrie: An Experiment Gone Wrong in Old Regime France
Authors: Hodson Christopher 
Published: April 2009

This article reconstructs a colonial experiment conducted in a quiet corner of Old Regime France. In 1773 a nobleman named the marquis de Pérusse used the crown's money to settle fifteen hundred Acadian refugees—French-speaking, Catholic colonists expelled from the British province of Nova Scotia in 1755—on uncultivated lands near the town of Chatellerault in Poitou. After a few peaceful months, the project devolved into anarchy. Beset by threats and violence, most of the Acadians fled, eventually finding their way to Spanish Louisiana. Pérusse's colony, I argue, collapsed as the result of a conspiracy engineered by a group of disgruntled Acadians and Anne-Robert Turgot, Louis XVI's controller-general of finances. Re-creating this “cabal” while making a fresh assessment of Pérusse's vision of internal colonization, this article makes new connections between the politics of empire and political economy, revising in the process scholarly conceptions of France's late-eighteenth-century Atlantic world.
Cet article reconstitue une expérience coloniale menée dans un lieu tranquille de l'Ancien Régime. En 1773, le marquis de Pérusse s'est servi des fonds de la Couronne pour implanter quinze cents Acadiens—colons francophones expulsés de la Nouvelle-Ecosse en 1755—sur des terrains incultes prés de la ville de Châtellerault en Poitou. Après quelques mois de paix, le projet est tombé dans l'anarchie. La plupart des Acadiens prirent la fuite, éventuellement gagnant la Louisiane espagnole. La colonie de Pérusse était victime d'une conspiration tramée par un groupe d'Acadiens mécontents et Anne-Robert Turgot, le premier contrôleur général des finances sous le règne de Louis XVI. En reconstituant l'histoire de cette « cabale » et la conception de la colonisation interne que le marquis de Pérusse a animé, cet article tresse de nouveaux liens entre l'impérialisme et l'économie politique, tout en révisant les conceptions des spécialistes du monde atlantique français à la fin du dix-huitième siècle.
“Un Impérialiste Libéral”? Jean-Baptiste Say on Colonies and the Extra-European World
Authors: Plassart Anna 
Published: April 2009

Jean-Baptiste Say is remembered as the father of French economic liberalism and as the origin of a long line of French writers who opposed colonization on the basis of free-trade arguments. This article argues that because Say's commentators have primarily focused on his economic writings, they have misinterpreted his overall thought on colonies and on the extra-European world. Far from always defending the political independence of extra-European societies, Say put forward the same sort of argument in favor of European domination as his friend James Mill. By investigating Say's early writings and lesser-known texts, this article suggests that Say's colonial writings need to be reassessed in light of the specific intellectual and political context of the late eighteenth century. In doing so it also offers new insights into the intellectual origins of so-called French imperial liberalism.
On présente souvent Jean-Baptiste Say comme un défenseur français des doctrines libérales de l'économie politique anglaise. On lui attribue également l'origine d'une tradition française d'opposition au colonialisme fondé sur des arguments économiques de libre-échange. Cet article suggère que les commentateurs de Say, parce qu'ils se sont principalement intéressés à ses écrits économiques, n'ont pas saisi la portée générale de sa pensée coloniale. Say n'a pas toujours défendu l'indépendance politique des sociétés non européennes ; au contraire, il a parfois mis en avant les mêmes arguments que son ami James Mill en faveur de la domination européenne dans le monde. A travers une analyse des écrits de jeunesse de Say, ainsi que de certains textes jusqu'ici négligés, cet article considère les écrits coloniaux de Say à la lumière du contexte intellectuel et politique de la fin du dix-huitième siècle. Ce faisant, il suggère de nouvelles perspectives pour l'étude des origines de « l'impérialisme libéral » français.
“The Harem Revealed” And the Islamic-French Family: Aline de Lens and a French Woman's Orient in Lyautey's Morocco
Authors: Amster Ellen 
Published: April 2009

Aline Réveillaud de Lens (1881–1925) became a celebrated novelist, painter, patroness of native arts, and ethnographer during the French Protectorate in Morocco. The wife of a colonial officer, de Lens adopted Moroccan children and used them as ethnographic material for her orientalist novels. Her biography illustrates the culture of sociability between French colonials and Moroccans created by Resident General Hubert Lyautey's military protectorate government (1912–25) and the paradox of Lyautey's “respect” for Muslim culture. Unlike other women visitors to the harem (Edith Wharton, Lady Drummond Hay, Mary Wortley Montague, et al.), de Lens claimed to be a demi-musulmane herself and attempted to create a Franco-Muslim female social world and family. The simultaneity of her private journal and public art reveals the relationship between a woman's lived reality in French North Africa and the production of orientalist fantasy. De Lens may have created a “woman's Orient,” but it was one particular to herself.
Aline Réveillaud de Lens (1881–1925), écrivain, peintre, patronne des arts indigènes marocains, et ethnographe pendant la période du Protectorat français au Maroc, était la femme d'un officier du service coloniale. Au Maroc, elle s'est créé une vie « francomarocaine » ; les Réveillauds ont préféré la société indigène à la société coloniale. Mme. de Lens a adopté des enfants marocains, et elle les a utilisés comme modèles ethnographiques dans ses romans orientalistes. Elle se présentait comme « demi-musulmane » et comme membre de la société féminine musulmane, une image différente des voyageuses anglophones comme Edith Wharton, Lady Drummond Hay et Mary Wortley Montague. L'histoire de sa vie et son œuvre illuminent la sociabilité franco-musulmane pendant le Protectorat de Hubert Lyautey (1912–25), les paradoxes de sa politique d'association, et « l'Orient des femmes » dans l'Afrique du Nord française.
Metallosupramolecular Gels Made of Four-armed Poly(ethylene glycol)s Having Terpyridine Termini
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Nakagawa Yasushi , Adachi Naoya , Tatewaki Yoko , Fukawa Tadashi , Shirai Hirofusa 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Four-armed poly(ethylene glycol) having 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) termini was synthesized as a component unit and further utilized for preparation of metallosupramolecular gels by the addition of FeCl2. The formed gels collapsed by the addition of NH3.
Structure Revision of Aspergillides A and B, Cytotoxic 14-Membered Macrolides from Aspergillus ostianus, by X-ray Crystallography
Authors: Ookura Ryuhei , Kito Keijiro , Saito Yota , Kusumi Takenori , Ooi Takashi 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
m-Bromobenzoates of aspergillides A and B gave crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography, resulting in the revision of the structures of both compounds as 1 and 3, respectively.
Preparation of Siliceous Vesicles with Adjustable Sizes, Wall Thickness, and Shapes
Authors: Yu Meihua , Zhang Jun , Yuan Pei , Wang Hongning , Liu Nian , Wang Yunhua , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Siliceous vesicles with controllable sizes, wall thickness, and shapes have been successfully prepared by adjusting the hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratios of mixed block copolymer templates, which provides a feasible and designable approach to fabricate vesicular structures with controllable parameters that are important for their future applications.
One Component Membrane Reactor for Partial Oxidation of Methane Using Asymmetric Membranes
Authors: Araki Sadao , Hoshi Yasushi , Hamakawa Satoshi , Hikazudani Susumu , Mizukami Fujio 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Oxygen permeable asymmetric membranes of Ca0.8Sr0.2Ti0.7Fe0.3O3−δ were applied to a one-component membrane reactor (OCMR) for the partial oxidation of methane. CH4 conversion and oxygen flux of OCMR with a 43-μm dense layer at 1173 K reached 71% and 1.7 mL min−1 cm−2, respectively. These values are 2.5 times greater than that of a 500-μm self-supported membrane.
Fragilide E, a Novel Chlorinated 20-Acetoxybriarane from the Gorgonian Coral Junceella fragilis
Authors: Sung Ping-Jyun , Li Gung-Ying , Chen Yu-Pei , Huang I-Chu , Chen Bo-Yuan , Wang Su-Hui , Huang Sheng-Kai 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A novel chlorinated briarane, fragilide E (1), which possesses an unprecedented 20-acetoxy group, was isolated from the gorgonian coral Junceella fragilis. The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
Comparison of emergency department HIV testing data with visit or patient as the unit of analysis
Authors: Lyons Michael S , Lindsell Christopher J , Raab Dana L , Ruffner Andrew H , Trott Alexander T , Fichtenbaum Carl J 
Published: April 2009

Objectives Outcomes in an episodic care setting like an emergency department (ED) are traditionally evaluated in comparison with the number of visits as opposed to the number of unique patients, although patients commonly present to the ED multiple times. We examined the differences in HIV screening programme outcomes that would occur if the analysis were conducted at the patient-level, rather than the traditional visit-level. We hypothesized that while our ED-based HIV screening programme does test some patients repeatedly, the primary programme outcome of percent positive is not substantially altered by the unit of analysis. Methods We reviewed the clinical database of an ED HIV screening programme at a large, urban, teaching hospital in the United States from 2003–2007. Data were analyzed descriptively. The main outcome measure was the rate of positive test results computed with either the visit or the patient as the unit of analysis. Results HIV testing was provided at 9629 visits, representing 8450 unique patients. For patient-level analysis, the proportion of patients found to be positive was 0.91%. For visit-level analysis, the proportion of tests with positive results was 0.83%. Of the 910 patients with repeat testing, 7 (0.77%) were identified as positive at a repeat test. The median time between tests was 383 days (range 1–1742). Conclusions Results changed little regardless of whether unique patients or unique visits were used as the unit of analysis. Any differences in positive rates were mitigated by the contribution of repeat testing to the identification of newly infected patients. Given these findings, and the difficulty of tracking repeat testing over time, visit-level analysis are appropriate for comparing programme outcomes when detailed modeling of epidemiology, cost, and/or outcomes is not required.
Permanent and transient congenital hypothyroidism in Isfahan–Iran
Authors: Hashemipour Mahin , Hovsepian Silva , Kelishadi Roya , Iranpour Ramin , Hadian Rezvane , Haghighi Sassan , Gharapetian Angineh , Talaei Mojtaba , Amini Massoud 
Published: April 2009

Objectives To determine the prevalence of permanent and transient congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Isfahan, Iran. Methods In 256 primarily diagnosed CH patients identified through the neonatal screening programme from May 2002 to February 2005, treatment was discontinued for 4 weeks and T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. Permanent or transient CH was determined from the results of the thyroid function tests and the radiologic findings. Patients with TSH levels >6 (mIU/I) were diagnosed with permanent CH. Results Results were available from 204 patients, of whom 122 patients were diagnosed with permanent CH (59.8%) (prevalence 1:748 births), and 82 with transient hypothyroidism (prevalence 1:1114). Permanent CH was associated with higher initial TSH levels than transient hypothyroidism (P < 0.05). The most common aetiology of CH was dyshormonogenesis. Conclusion The rates of both permanent and transient CH in our study were higher than the comparable worldwide rates. The transient group had low T4 levels, suggesting that iodine contamination should be investigated. The aetiology of CH was also different from that recorded in many other studies.
Interval cancer incidence and episode sensitivity in the Norrbotten Mammography Screening Programme, Sweden
Authors: Bordás Pál , Jonsson Håkan , Nyström Lennarth , Lenner Per 
Published: April 2009

Objectives To estimate the interval cancer incidence, its determinants and the episode sensitivity in the Norrbotten Mammography Screening Programme (NMSP). Setting Since 1989, women aged 40–74 years (n = 55,000) have been invited to biennial screening by the NMSP, Norrbotten county, Sweden. Methods Data on 1047 invasive breast cancers from six screening rounds of the NMSP (1989–2002) were collected. We estimated the invasive interval cancer rates, rate ratios and the episode sensitivity using the detection and incidence methods. A linear Poisson-model was used to analyse association between interval cancer incidence and sensitivity. Results 768 screen-detected and 279 interval cancer cases were identified. The rate ratio of interval cancer decreased with age. The 50–59 year age group showed the highest rate ratio (RR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.41–0.65) and the 70–74 year age group the lowest (RR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.15–0.36). The rate ratios for the early (0–12 months) and late (13–24 months) interval cancers were similar (RR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.15–0.22 and 0.20, 95% CI 0.17–0.24). There was a significantly lower interval cancer incidence in the prevalence round as compared with the incidence rounds. According to the detection method the episode sensitivity increased with age from 57% in the age group 40–49 years to 84% in the age group 70–74 years. The corresponding figures for the incidence method were 50% and 77%, respectively. Conclusion Our study showed an interval cancer incidence of 38% and the episode sensitivity of 62–73%, depending on the method of calculation. Our results are of clinically acceptable level and concert with the reference values of the European guidelines.
Caseload of NHS plastic surgeons in Scotland, 2005–2006: analysis of Scottish hospital activity data
Authors: Brewster Colin T , Shoaib Taimur 
Published: April 2009

Summary Objective To assess the contemporary caseload of NHS plastic surgeons. Design Descriptive study. Setting Scotland. Methods Analysis of routinely collected NHS hospital activity data relating to the financial year 2005–2006. Main outcome measures Number of inpatient/day-case episodes and bed-days by principal diagnosis and main operative procedure. Results During the study period, 12,844 inpatient and 9439 day-case episodes were recorded in 19,166 patients, accounting for 36,300 bed-days. There were more female patients, especially among middle-age groups. Socioeconomic deprivation was more common than expected (P < 0.0001), especially among younger age groups and male patients. In terms of episodes, the most common categories of diagnosis were neoplasms (28.4%) and injuries, including burns (22.4%). However, injuries accounted for a higher proportion of bed-days (37.3%) than neoplasms (23.8%). Only approximately half of all surgical procedures were assigned to the skin chapter of the OPCS-4 classification. Conclusions Despite some limitations, this study provides an insight into the current caseload of NHS plastic surgeons working in Scotland. The data suggest that cosmetic surgery for purely aesthetic reasons represents a relatively small part of NHS plastic surgery activity in Scotland, and that the majority of caseload is in reconstructive plastic surgery.