bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memory IL‐22‐producing CD4+ T cells specific for Candida albicans are present in humans
Authors: Liu Yun , Yang Binyan , Zhou Maohua , Li Li , Zhou Hui , Zhang Jianping , Chen Hui , Wu Changyou 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCo‐expression of IL‐22 and IL‐17 has been identified and demonstrated to be involved in the immunopathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases as well as the defense against pathogenic infections in animal studies. However, the properties of IL‐22‐producing cells in humans remain largely unclear. In the present study, we showed that IL‐22 could be induced from human PBMC following various polyclonal stimulations. The majority of IL‐22‐producing cells in PBMC were CD4+ T cells with a memory cell phenotype. In addition, we found that a subset of IL‐22+ T cells produced IL‐22 alone, whereas other IL‐22+ T cells co‐expressed cytokines typical of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells. Importantly, stimulation of PBMC from healthy adults with heat‐inactivated Candida albicans (C. albicans) yeast or hyphae resulted in IL‐22 production by central and effector memory CD4+ T cells. Moreover, CD4+CCR6+ but not CD4+CCR6− T cells produced IL‐22 when stimulated with either C. albicans or PMA and ionomycin. In addition, PBMC from the individuals infected with C. albicans produced a significantly higher amount of IL‐22 compared with healthy controls following stimulation with C. albicans. These data demonstrate that IL‐22‐producing T cells in humans may play an important role in the defense against fungal infections such as C. albicans.
The role of retinoic acid‐related orphan receptor variant 2 and IL‐17 in the development and function of human CD4+ T cells
Authors: Crome Sarah Q. , Wang Adele Y. , Kang Christine Y. , Levings Megan K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTh17 cells are defined by their capacity to produce IL‐17, and are important mediators of inflammation and autoimmunity. Human Th17 cells express high levels of the retinoic acid‐related orphan receptor variant 2 (RORC2), but it is currently unclear whether expression of this transcription factor alone is sufficient to recapitulate all the known properties of Th17 cells. We used lentivirus‐mediated transduction to investigate the role of RORC2 in defining aspects of the human Th17 cell lineage. Expression of RORC2 induced production of IL‐17A, IL‐22, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, a Th17‐cell‐associated chemokine receptor profile and upregulation of CD161. RORC2‐transduced T cells were hypo‐responsive to TCR‐mediated stimulation, a property shared with ex vivo Th17 cells and overcome by addition of exogenous IL‐2 or IL‐15. Co‐culture experiments revealed that RORC2‐expressing cells were partially resistant to Treg cells since production of IL‐17 and proliferation were not suppressed. Evidence that IL‐17 stimulates CD4+ T cells to produce IL‐2 and proliferate suggested that the resistance of Th17 cells to Treg‐mediated suppression may be partly attributed to IL‐17 itself. These findings demonstrate that expression of RORC2 in T cells has functional consequences beyond altering cytokine production and provides insight into the factors regulating the development of human Th17 cells.
Terbium β‐Diketonate Based Highly Luminescent Soft Materials
Authors: Tang Si‐Fu , Mudring Anja‐Verena 
Published: May 2009

Abstract[C4mim][Tb(hfacac)4] (1) and [C4mpyr][Tb(hfacac)4] (2) (C4mim = 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium, C4mpyr = N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium) were obtained by reacting [C4mim]Cl (for 1) or [C4mpyr]Br (for 2) with (hexafluoroacetyl)acetone and terbium(III) chloride in a basic ethanol/water solution. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis reveals TbIII to be chelated by four (hexafluoroacetyl)acetonate anions. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) investigations show both compounds to melt below 120 °C. For [C4mpyr][Tb(hfacac)4] (2) the DSC traces indicate an organic plastic crystal behavior (OPCB). Both compounds show very strong emission in the visible region of light which are characteristic for the terbium(III) ion.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Auditory and visual distractor decrement in older worker manual assembly task learning: Impact of spatial reasoning, field independence, and level of education
Authors: Wiker S. F. , Schwerha D. J. , Jaraiedi M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study examined the impact of age on manual assembly task learning in the presence of visual and auditory distracters. Manual assembly task learning (e.g., number of learning trials needed to obtain consistently accurate assembly and near asymptote performance times) was studied in men and women between 18 and 65 years of age. Higher spatial reasoning capabilities were associated with fewer trials to reach the learning criterion, faster manual assembly times, and material prophylaxis for the type of distractors addressed in this study that are likely to be encountered in the workplace. Years of formal education and field independence showed no impact on distractor‐based decrements in task learning. For the oldest group of subjects (>50 years), concomitant presentation of visual and auditory distractors that are commonly encountered in industry were associated with a greater number of learning trials that were needed to achieve asymptotic manual assembly task learning. Spatial reasoning and field independence measures were lower in the older than in the younger age groups (p < 0.05). When spatial reasoning was treated as a covariate, however, nearly all age differences found in learning performance in the face of distractors were removed. The findings suggest that selection of workers based on spatial reasoning ability, rather than age, would yield better manual task learning in the face of visual and auditory distraction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lateglacial to Holocene relative sea‐level changes in the Bjarkarlundur area near Reykhólar, North West Iceland
Authors: Lloyd Jerry M. , Norðdahl Hreggviður , Bentley Michael J. , Newton Anthony J. , Tucker Owen , Zong Yongqiang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper presents results from seven isolation basins to investigate the relative sea‐level history from the Lateglacial and the mid to late Holocene from the Bjarkarlundur area near Reykhólar on the Reykjanes peninsula in North West Iceland. Results presented help to constrain the timing and rate of relative sea‐level (RSL) change since deglaciation and also the timing of deglaciation itself in the Bjarkarlundur area. The marine limit is estimated to be approximately 80 m above sea level based on an isolation basin with sill altitude at 79.1 m. The maximum age of this marine limit and, hence, local deglaciation is estimated at 12.214C ka BP. Relative sea level then fell rapidly during the late Bölling–early Alleröd at a rate of approximately −35 mm14C a−1to below 50 m by 11.414C ka BP. After this the rate of RSL fall decreased significantly during the late Alleröd and Younger Dryas Chronozones (averaging −6 mm14C a−1between 11.4 and 9.714C ka BP). Based on isolation basins with sill altitudes of 51.1 and 41.1 m, our data constrain any possible fluctuation in RSL produced by regrowth of ice during the Younger Dryas to below 10 m. After 9.714C ka BP the rate of RSL fall increased significantly to approximately −23 mm14C a−1to at least 9.014C ka BP. If eustatic sea‐level rise is taken into account and the calibrated timescale is used, actual crustal uplift rates are estimated at +56 and +46 mm cal. a−1during Lateglacial and early Holocene times, respectively. During the mid to late Holocene RSL then rose to at least 1 m above present‐day levels, gradually falling to the present‐day level from 3.114C ka BP. These results demonstrate the potential of isolation basin data for investigating the timing and rate of RSL change in Iceland. This can add important well‐constrained information on RSL when combined with data from raised beaches. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface treatment of Cf/Al composites with immersion in aqueous solution containing Ce ions for corrosion barrier
Authors: Wang C. , Chen G. , Wu G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this study, Ce‐rich coating is investigated as corrosion inhibitor of carbon fibers reinforcement aluminum matrix (Cf/Al) composites. The coatings are obtained by immersion in aqueous solution containing Ce(NO3)3 onto composite surface, whereas the Ce‐rich coating process produces a coating with highly heterogeneous nature of the surface, but micro‐cracked layer with “dry‐mud” morphology. The coatings were composed of Ce‐rich nano‐particles, Ce‐rich particles with a sphere‐like morphology, which are agglomerated particles with diameter 4 ∼ 8 nm and piled up for this coating. TEM observation for Ce conversion coating of the corresponding ring‐like SAED patterns could not be matched to any of the previously reported structures of cerium compounds. Results of high‐resolution XPS spectra of Ce3d obtained for Ce conversion coating show that the Ce3d spectra has several components with binding energies characteristic of Ce3+ and Ce4+. The Ce‐rich coating process produces effective corrosion protecting of Cf/Al composites, which is verified by electrochemical measurement results. The Rt values of coated sample are higher than those of uncoated sample, this confirms the better corrosion resistance of coating obtained after immersion treatment for Cf/Al composites.
The stress corrosion cracking behaviour of heat‐treated Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy in modified salt spray fog testing
Authors: Oñoro J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe stress corrosion cracking behaviour of 7075 (Al–Zn–Mg–Cu) alloy have been studied in a salt spray fog chamber with two vapourised aqueous solutions (0 and 5% NaCl). The paper analyses the stress corrosion resistance of 7075 aluminium alloy with several precipitation‐ageing heat treatments. The results are compared with that obtained in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution at 20 °C. The salt spray fog testing has permitted a good evaluation of SCC susceptibility in 7075 alloy. All temper conditions studied were susceptible to SCC in the different environments tested. 7075‐T6 temper was the most susceptible, while in all the cases studied 7075‐T73 temper was the least susceptible. Compared to 7075‐T6, 7075‐RRA temper improved the resistance against the SCC process, but the mechanical properties obtained were lower.
Indestructibility under adding Cohen subsets and level by level equivalence
Authors: Apter Arthur W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe construct a model for the level by level equivalence between strong compactness and supercompactness in which the least supercompact cardinal κ has its strong compactness indestructible under adding arbitrarily many Cohen subsets. There are no restrictions on the large cardinal structure of our model (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A semi‐discrete shell finite element for textile composite reinforcement forming simulation
Authors: Hamila N. , Boisse P. , Sabourin F. , Brunet M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA triangular shell element for the simulation of textile composite reinforcements forming is proposed. This element is made up of unit woven cells. The internal virtual works are added on all woven cells of the element. They depend on tensions, in‐plane shear and bending moments that are directly those given by the experimental tests that are specific to textile composite reinforcement. The element has only displacement degrees of freedom; the bending curvatures are obtained from the displacement of the neighbouring elements. A set of example shows the efficiency of the approach and the relative roles of the tensile, in‐plane shear and bending rigidities. Especially their influence on the appearance and the development of wrinkles in draping and forming tests is analysed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Colorless polyimide nanocomposite films with pristine clay: Thermal behavior, mechanical property, morphology, and optical transparency
Authors: Park Jong‐Su , Chang Jin‐Hae 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPolyimide (PI)/clay hybrids were synthesized using the in situ solution intercalation method via poly(amic acid). The Na ion‐exchanged clays Na+‐saponite (SPT), Na+‐mica (Mica), and Na+‐montmorillonite (MMT) were used for the intercalation of PI polymer chains. Our dispersion results show that pristine SPT is more easily dispersed in a PI matrix than MMT or Mica. PI nanocomposites were prepared with various SPT contents to examine the variations with SPT content in the range 0–1 wt% of the thermomechanical properties, morphology, and optical transparency of the nanocomposites. The PI films have excellent optical transparencies, and are almost colorless. However, the optical transparency of the PI hybrid films decreases slightly with increases in the clay content. We also examined the relationship between the properties and clay content of the PI hybrid films using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, electronic microscopy (SEM and TEM), and universal tensile machine (UTM). The color intensities of the PI films were evaluated with a spectrophotometer. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Cyclic poly(ε‐caprolactone) synthesized by combination of ring‐opening polymerization with ring‐closing metathesis, ring closing enyne metathesis, or “click” reaction
Authors: Xie Meiran , Shi Jiaxin , Ding Liang , Li Jinxin , Han Huijing , Zhang Yiqun 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article described the synthesis of cyclic poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) via ring‐closing metathesis (RCM), ring closing enyne metathesis (RCEM), and “click” reaction of different difunctional linear PCL. Linear PCL precursors were prepared by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone in bulk using 10‐undecen‐1‐ol or propargyl alcohol as the initiator, followed by reacting with corresponding acyl chloride containing vinyl or azido end group. The subsequent end‐to‐end intramolecular coupling reactions were performed under high dilution conditions. The successful transformation of linear PCL precursor to cyclic PCL was confirmed by Gel permeation chromatography, 1H NMR, and Fourier transform infrared measurements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3022–3033, 2009
A new method of assessing filtering schemes in data assimilation systems
Authors: Nezlin Yulia , Polavarapu Saroja , Rochon Yves J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA new statistical diagnostic is proposed to assess the impact of externally applied filters in data assimilation systems with high‐lid atmospheric models. The diagnostic involves comparing the variances of 6 h differences of 6 h forecasts with those of a free model simulation. It was applied to the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model Data Assimilation System (CMAM‐DAS) to choose among various filtering options. The variances of 6 h difference fields are shown to suppress long time‐scales and highlight short ones. This explains their sensitivity to a variety of filters considered and their relative insensitivity to the choice of initial conditions used for the time series. The method was used to quantify the extent to which a digital filter applied to the full state reduced the desired level of variability, as well as to determine objectively the most appropriate filter for our system from among several incremental analysis updating schemes. The method should be especially useful for models extending to the stratosphere and mesosphere, where short time‐scales represent significant contributions to the energy spectrum. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown in the Right of Canada
Comparison of methods for simultaneous identification of bacterial species and determination of metabolic activity by protein‐based stable isotope probing (Protein‐SIP) experiments
Authors: Jehmlich Nico , Schmidt Frank , Taubert Martin , Seifert Jana , von Bergen Martin , Richnow Hans‐Hermann , Vogt Carsten 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe developed a concept for analysing carbon and nitrogen fluxes in microbial communities by employing protein‐based stable isotope probing (Protein‐SIP) in metabolic labelling experiments with stable isotope labelled substrates. For identification of microbial species intact protein profiling (IPP) can be used, whereas the assessment of their metabolic activity is achieved by shotgun mass mapping (SMM). Microbial cultures were grown on substrates containing 13C or 15N. For identification of species we tested both the IPP and the SMM approaches. Mass spectra (MALDI‐MS) were taken from mixtures of either intact proteins or peptides from tryptic digestion for generating species‐specific peak patterns. In the case of SMM, the fragmentation of peptides was additionally used to obtain sequence information for species identification. Mass spectra of peptide sequences allow calculation of the amount of 13C or 15N incorporation within peptides for determining metabolic activity of the specific species. The comparison of IPP and SMM revealed a higher robustness of species identification by SMM. In addition, the assessment of incorporation levels of 13C and 15N into peptides by SMM revealed a lower uncertainty (0.5–0.8 atom %) compared to IPP (6.4–8.9 atom %). The determination of metabolic activity and function of individual species by Protein‐SIP can help to analyse carbon and nitrogen fluxes within microbial communities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic detection of supporting device positioning in intensive care unit radiography
Authors: Sheng Chen , Li Li , Pei Wang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis paper presents a computer‐aided method for automatic detection of the positioning of endotracheal, feeding and nasogastric tubes, and the identification of tube types in radiography for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Application of this method may allow clinicians to detect the tube tips more easily and accurately, and thus improve the quality of patient care in the ICU.MethodsOne‐hundred‐and‐seven portable X‐ray images were collected from 20 patients, using a Kodak computed radiography system. It was determined whether each image did or did not have a tube and which kind of tube was present. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed tube detection method, an experienced chest radiologist reviewed all images from the 20 patients and provided the true position of these tubes. The automatic detection results could then be compared with the actual results to determine the success rate.ResultsPreliminary results show that the computer‐aided technique has a detection rate of 94% for endotracheal tubes, with 0.6 false positives per image, and 82% for both feeding and nasogastric tubes, with 0.4 and 0.5 false positives per image, respectively.ConclusionThe novel detection technique can accurately detect the tubes in ICU chest radiographs at a high sensitivity level with an acceptable false positive rate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Satellite digital broadcast services to handheld DVB‐SH: The complementary ground component
Authors: Faria Gerard , Kürner Thomas , Lehembre Bernard , Unger Peter 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDVB‐SH introduces into the portfolio of standards for broadcasters, a hybrid system that provides TV services to handheld devices by means of satellite transmission coverage, complemented by terrestrial components for locations like dense urban areas, not reachable by the satellite signal.Among the articles devoted to DVB‐SH in this special issue of the International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, this article reports in particular on the researches performed on the Complementary Ground Component of the DVB‐SH hybrid transmission system.The article discusses the key technology elements used in the SH terrestrial transmission, provides an extensive range of performance results based on laboratory measurements, reports on the field trials performed in South‐West of France, and concludes with a DVB‐SH frequency planning exercise performed over a fictitious 3G network in the German city of Hannover. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The implementation of special attributes of CEO compensation contracts around M&A transactions
Authors: Bodolica Virginia , Spraggon Martin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study investigates how the implementation of special attributes of CEO compensation contracts is determined by both the acquisition and the acquirer features for a set of M&A deals undertaken by Canadian acquiring firms. Our findings reveal that when agency problems are higher, manifested by larger control premiums and poor firm performance, boards of directors tend to implement stronger mechanisms of incentive alignment around M&A transactions. Relying on multiple interdisciplinary logics that are activated to explain directors' ability to effectively perform their monitoring function, we show that boards are reactive rather than proactive in dealing with agency problems. Data are further interpreted in light of the unique aspects of the Canadian institutional context. Based on asymmetric risk properties of two different groups of executive compensation modes examined in this study, testing the substitution effects between alternative governance mechanisms is proposed as an interesting avenue for future research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of ATM Impairs Proliferation of Neural Stem Cells Through Oxidative Stress-Mediated p38 MAPK Signaling
Authors: Kim Jeesun , Wong Paul K.Y. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation of the Atm gene, which controls DNA repair, cell cycling, and redox homeostasis. Even though oxidative stress has been implicated in the neurological anomalies in A-T, the effects of ATM loss on neural stem cell (NSC) survival has remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the effects of oxidative stress on NSC proliferation in an animal model for A-T neurodegeneration. We found that cultured subventricular zone neurosphere cells from Atm−/− mice show impaired proliferation, as well as intrinsic elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, compared with those from Atm+/+ mice. We also show that increasing the levels of ROS by H2O2 treatment significantly reduces Atm+/+ neurosphere formation and proliferation. In Atm−/− neurosphere cells, the Akt and Erk1/2 pathways are disrupted, together with enhanced activity of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Treatment of these cells with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or with a p38 MAPK inhibitor restores normal proliferation and reduced expression of p21cip1 and p27kip1 in the Atm−/− NSCs. These observations indicate that ATM plays a crucial role in NSC proliferation, by activating Akt and Erk1/2 pathways and by suppressing ROS-p38 MAPK signaling. Together, our results suggest that p38 MAPK signaling acts as a negative regulator of NSC proliferation in response to oxidative stress. These findings suggest a potential mechanism for neuronal cell loss as a result of oxidative stress in NSCs in progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as A-T.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.