bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Verticillium Wilt of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Caused by Verticillium dahliae in China
Authors: Zhang L. , Zhang G. L. , Qian X. , Li G. Y. 
Published: July 2009

Verticillium dahliae Kleb. causes Verticillium wilt in large numbers of crops all over the world. Common symptoms caused by the pathogen include yellowing, wilting of leaves, and discoloration in vascular tissue of the stem. In June 2007, symptoms of Verticillium wilt were observed in a grapevine (Vitis vinifera) field in the Shihezi Region of Xinjiang. To isolate the pathogen, stem segments (0.5 cm long) were surface sterilized with 1% HgCl2 for 1 min and then dipped in 70% ethanol for 10 s. The sterilized tissues were rinsed with sterile water and incubated in the dark for 7 days at 25°C on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The fungus growing from the diseased tissue showed dark colonies that produced verticillate conidiophores with two to three layers with colorless, ovoid, unicellular conidia and small, black microsclerotia, which are characteristics of V. dahliae (3). To confirm its identity, ribosomal DNA fragments (regions ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS4) were PCR amplified with primer pair ITS1/ITS4 (4) and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. FJ475122). Sequential analysis revealed that the rDNA region of the fungus isolated from grapevine was identical to that of a Greek strain of V. dahliae (GenBank Accession No. AF104926). Furthermore, the specific fragment (1,500 bp) of nondefoliating pathotype of V. dahliae (1) was PCR amplified from 24 grapevine isolates of V. dahliae collected in Xinjiang, indicating that the V. dahliae pathogen from Xinjiang is a nondefoliating pathotype. To verify the causal role of the isolated fungus, pathogenicity assays were conducted on 1-year-old seedlings of the Centennial seedless cultivar. Trimmed roots were submerged in a conidial suspension (1 × 106 conidia/ml) for 30 min and sterile tap water was used as a control. The seedlings were transplanted into a pot containing 2:1 sterile mixture of peat/perlite (vol/vol). Plants were grown in a greenhouse at 25°C. Six Verticillium isolates were found to cause the same symptoms as in fields 50 days after inoculation. V. dahliae was successfully reisolated from the stems of inoculated plants. Control seedlings inoculated in sterile tap water remained healthy. Because grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is an economically important crop for fruit and winemaking material in Xinjiang, Verticillium wilt poses a threat. The disease has been previously reported in the United States (2), but to our knowledge, this is the first report from China. References: (1) E. Pérez Artés et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 106:507, 2000. (2) W. C. Schnathorst and A. C. Goheen. Plant Dis. Rep. 61:909, 1977. (3) H. C. Smith. N. Z. J. Agric. Res. 8:450, 1965. (4) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.
Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Detected in the State of Campeche on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: de Jesús Yáñez Morales Ma. , Martínez I. Alanis , Rocha J. Manuel Soto , Malvick D. K. , Kurle J. E. , Floyd C. M. , Krupa S. V. 
Published: July 2009

Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd is a destructive foliar disease of soybean (Glycine max L), which was first confirmed in North America in Louisiana during 2004 (4). Soybean rust (SBR) has also been reported late in the growing season as far north as Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa. SBR was first confirmed in Mexico in 2005 in the state of San Luis Potosi on soybean (3) and subsequently reported in the states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and the southwestern coast of Chiapas. Symptoms of SBR were observed on leaves of multiple, nearly mature soybean plants near the city of Campeche (19.72796°N, 90.0771°W) on the Gulf Coast of the Yucatan Peninsula during November 2008. Angular and irregular chlorotic lesions on leaves contained necrotic spots and pale brown, erumpent, cone-like uredinia with a central opening. Ellipsoid to obovoid, echinulate, light tan urediniospores (10 to 13 × 16 to 18 μm) were observed microscopically. DNA was extracted from leaf tissue containing uredinia and from asymptomatic tissue with the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). P. pachyrhizi was confirmed in the symptomatic leaves by a PCR assay with Ppm1/Ppa2 primers, but not from the asymptomatic leaves (1). Subsequently, the DNA extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf tissues was tested again in another laboratory by a specific quantitative PCR assay (1), and positive results for the presence of soybean rust were obtained only from the symptomatic tissue. As a final confirmatory step, amplified DNA from the PCR assay was sequenced, and the results matched P. pachyrhizi sequences in the GenBank database. To our knowledge, these observations confirm for the first time the presence of P. pachyrhizi in the state of Campeche of southern Mexico. Although it was confirmed on soybean during 2008, it is not known how long the pathogen has been present or which other hosts may be infected there. The presence of SBR on the Yucatan Peninsula is significant because of its potential effects on local plant hosts. In addition, the climate allows possible year-round survival of the pathogen and long-distance transport of urediniospores to the United States. Potential transport of SBR spores from this part of Mexico to the United States has been reported through the application of NOAA's HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Transport) model and atmospheric back-trajectory analysis (2). References: (1) R. D. Frederick et al. Phytopathology 92:217, 2002. (2) S. V. Krupa et al. Plant Dis. 90:1254, 2006. (3) A. C. Rodriguez et al. Plant Dis. 90:1260, 2006. (4) R. W. Schneider et al. Plant Dis. 89:774, 2005.
Pleiotropic Modulation of Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Arabidopsis Plants Overexpressing theNAD kinase2Gene
Authors: Takahashi Hideyuki , Takahara Kentaro , Hashida Shin-nosuke , Hirabayashi Takayuki , Fujimori Tamaki , Kawai-Yamada Maki , Yamaya Tomoyuki , Yanagisawa Shuichi , Uchimiya Hirofumi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNicotinamide nucleotides (NAD and NADP) are important cofactors in many metabolic processes in living organisms. In this study, we analyzed transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants that overexpress NAD kinase2 (NADK2), an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of NADP from NAD in chloroplasts, to investigate the impacts of altering NADP level on plant metabolism. Metabolite profiling revealed that NADP(H) concentrations were proportional to NADK activity in NADK2 overexpressors and in the nadk2 mutant. Several metabolites associated with the Calvin cycle were also higher in the overexpressors, accompanied by an increase in overall Rubisco activity. Furthermore, enhanced NADP(H) production due to NADK2 overexpression increased nitrogen assimilation. Glutamine and glutamate concentrations, as well as some other amino acids, were higher in the overexpressors. These results indicate that overexpression of NADK2 either directly or indirectly stimulates carbon and nitrogen assimilation in Arabidopsis under restricted conditions. Importantly, since neither up-regulation nor down-regulation of NADK2 activity affected the sum amount of NAD and NADP or the redox state, the absolute level of NADP and/or the NADP/NAD ratio likely plays a key role in regulating plant metabolism.
(Homo)glutathione Depletion Modulates Host Gene Expression during the Symbiotic Interaction betweenMedicago truncatulaandSinorhizobium meliloti
Authors: Pucciariello Chiara , Innocenti Gilles , Van de Velde Willem , Lambert Annie , Hopkins Julie , Clément Mathilde , Ponchet Michel , Pauly Nicolas , Goormachtig Sofie , Holsters Marcelle , Puppo Alain , Frendo Pierre 
Published: July 2009

AbstractUnder nitrogen-limiting conditions, legumes interact with symbiotic rhizobia to produce nitrogen-fixing root nodules. We have previously shown that glutathione and homoglutathione [(h)GSH] deficiencies impaired Medicago truncatula symbiosis efficiency, showing the importance of the low M r thiols during the nodulation process in the model legume M. truncatula. In this study, the plant transcriptomic response to Sinorhizobium meliloti infection under (h)GSH depletion was investigated using cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Among 6,149 expression tags monitored, 181 genes displayed significant differential expression between inoculated control and inoculated (h)GSH depleted roots. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the changes in mRNA levels. This transcriptomic analysis shows a down-regulation of genes involved in meristem formation and a modulation of the expression of stress-related genes in (h)GSH-depleted plants. Promoter-β-glucuronidase histochemical analysis showed that the putative MtPIP2 aquaporin might be up-regulated during nodule meristem formation and that this up-regulation is inhibited under (h)GSH depletion. (h)GSH depletion enhances the expression of salicylic acid (SA)-regulated genes after S. meliloti infection and the expression of SA-regulated genes after exogenous SA treatment. Modification of water transport and SA signaling pathway observed under (h)GSH deficiency contribute to explain how (h)GSH depletion alters the proper development of the symbiotic interaction.
Therapeutic efficacy of Bifidobacterium longum‐mediated human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor and/or endostatin combined with cyclophosphamide in mouse‐transplanted tumors
Authors: Zhu Li‐Ping , Yin Yan , Xing Jing , Li Chen , Kou Lei , Hu Bi , Wu Zhi‐Wei , Wang Jian‐Jun , Xu Gen‐Xing 
Published: July 2009

Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (GCSF) is frequently used as an adjunctive agent in tumor chemotherapy. Bifidobacterium longums (B. longum) attracted researchers’ interests due to its enhancement of immunity and selective location in solid tumors. B. longum‐pBV22210‐endostatin (Endo) was proved to have a definite inhibitive effect on tumor growth in our previous study. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of B. longum‐pBV22210‐GCSF and/or B. longum‐pBV22210‐Endo combined with cyclophosphamide (CTX) on H22 and S180 tumor‐bearing mice. Based on our previous work, the plasmid pBV22210‐GCSF was constructed and transformed by electroporation into B. longum. The B. longum‐pBV22210‐GCSF and/or B. longum‐pBV22210‐Endo combined with CTX were applied to treat H22 and S180 tumor‐bearing mice. A leukocyte count was carried out and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated after treatment. In our study, CTX combined with B. longum‐pBV22210‐GCSF significantly raised the leukocyte level of tumor‐bearing mice, while combined with B. longum‐pBV22210‐GCSF alone or B. longum‐pBV22210‐Endo alone combinations with CTX inhibited tumor growth by over 65%. The results showed that B. longum‐pBV22210‐GCSF had an effective antagonistic effect on bone marrow inhibited by CTX and could inhibit tumor growth when it was combined with B. longum‐pBV22210‐Endo and CTX. Our results provide an enhanced understanding of B. longum and GCSF as well as their potential as an adjunctive approach in cancer gene therapy. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1986–1990)
Neurological complication analysis of 1000 ultrasound guided peripheral nerve blocks for elective orthopaedic surgery: a prospective study*
Authors: Fredrickson M. J. , Kilfoyle D. H. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryLittle data exists regarding the frequency of neurological complications following ultrasound guided peripheral nerve blockade. Therefore, we studied single injection and continuous ultrasound guided interscalene, supraclavicular, infraclavicular, femoral and sciatic nerve blocks in patients undergoing orthopaedic extremity surgery. All patients were contacted during postoperative weeks 2–4 and questioned for numbness or altered sensation anywhere in the involved extremity, and pain or weakness unrelated to surgery. The presumed aetiology of symptoms was based on the collective agreement of principal investigator, primary surgeon and a neurologist. Multivariate analysis was performed for characteristics potentially important in the causation of neurological complications. Of 1010 consecutive blocks, successful follow up between weeks 2 and 4 occurred in 98.6%. New, all‐cause, neurological symptoms were present in 56/690 blocks (8.2%) at day 10, 37/1010 (3.7%) at 1 month and 6/1010 (0.6%) at 6 months. Most symptoms were due to causes unrelated to the block. Of 452 patients directly questioned at the time of the block, new neurological symptoms were more common in patients who experienced procedure‐induced paraesthesia (odds ratio = 1.7, p = 0.029). The postoperative neurological symptom rate in this series is very similar to those previously reported following traditional techniques.
An assessment of the efficiency of the Glostavent® ventilator
Authors: Bailey T. M. , Webster S. , Tully R. , Eltringham R. , Bourdeaux C. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryIn parts of the world where supplies of oxygen and electricity are erratic, ventilating patients’ lungs can be problematic. Should the electricity supply fail, gas driven ventilators have an advantage as they can continue functioning. However, many are extravagant in their requirement for the driving gas. The Glostavent® ventilator was designed to minimise these requirements. We measured the duration of ventilation achieved by the Glostavent ventilator using an E‐size oxygen cylinder at a range of minute volumes, and the inspired oxygen concentration achieved by recycling the driving gas. The period of mechanical ventilation from a single E‐size cylinder ranged from 11 h 8 min (SD 4 min) with a minute volume of 7 l.min−1 to 18 h 15 min (SD 7 min) with a minute volume of 3 l.min−1. The mean fractional inspired oxygen concentration achieved by recycling the driving gas without further inspired oxygen supplementation was 0.33. We conclude that the Glostavent ventilator performs as efficiently and cost effectively as predicted.
Previously undiagnosed aortic stenosis revealed by auscultation in the hip fracture population – echocardiographic findings, management and outcome
Authors: McBrien M. E. , Heyburn G. , Stevenson M. , McDonald S , Johnston N. J. , Elliott J. R. M. , Beringer T. R. O. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThe 2001 Report of the National Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Deaths recommended that an echocardiogram should be performed on patients with aortic stenosis prior to anaesthesia. In this study we present the patient details, management and outcome of the 272 hip fracture patients with a previously undiagnosed murmur and echocardiographically proven aortic stenosis admitted from 2001–2005 in our hospital. The patients with aortic stenosis were significantly older, and had significantly lower Abbreviated Mental Test Scores, than the control group of 3698 hip fracture patients without aortic stenosis. There were significant trends toward general anaesthesia over spinal anaesthesia, and use of invasive monitoring of blood pressure, as the severity of the aortic stenosis increased. There were no significant trends towards higher 30‐day or 1‐year mortality rates as the severity of the aortic stenosis increased. Resources for rapid pre‐operative echocardiograms should be made available for hip fracture patients as the results have significant implications for their subsequent anaesthetic management.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing as a risk assessment method in non cardio‐pulmonary surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Smith T. B. , Stonell C. , Purkayastha S. , Paraskevas P. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThis study reviews the predictive value of maximum oxygen consumption () and anaerobic threshold, obtained through cardiopulmonary exercise testing, in calculating peri‐operative morbidity and mortality in non‐cardiopulmonary thoraco‐abdominal surgery. A literature review provided nine studies that investigated either one or both of these two variables across a wide range of surgical procedures. Six of the seven studies that reported sufficiently detailed results on peak oxygen consumption and four of the six studies that reported sufficiently detailed results on anaerobic threshold found them to be significant predictors. We conclude that peak oxygen consumption and possibly anaerobic threshold are valid predictors of peri‐operative morbidity and mortality in non‐cardiopulmonary thoraco‐abdominal surgery. These indicators could potentially provide a means of allocating increased care to high‐risk patients.
Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the middle Jurassic Tarbert Formation, Oseberg South area (northern North Sea)
Authors: Løseth Tore M. , Ryseth Alf E. , Young Mike 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the development of a regressive‐to‐transgressive shoreline wedge within the Middle Jurassic Tarbert Formation in the Oseberg South area (northern North Sea), as interpreted from core and log data from more than hundred wells. The wedge is described in terms of four facies associations (FA1–FA4). The lower, regressive portion of the wedge (FA1–FA2) contains both coarsening upward wave/storm‐dominated shoreline deposits as well as coal‐bearing paralic deposits, and was deposited during ascending regression. The upper, transgressive portion of the wedge (FA3–FA4) is characterised by wave‐dominated estuarine deposits, exhibiting an upward change from inner to central to outer estuarine deposits. In contrast to some earlier studies, it is argued that this part was deposited during accretionary transgression. The present study documents an estuarine system that developed without any preceding fall of relative sea level and valley incision. It is argued that differential fault‐induced subsidence created a broad gentle sag wherein one or several estuarine systems developed as the depositional system became transgressive. The subtle fault‐induced subsidence is related to the tectonic evolution in the North Sea Basin.
The anti‐histaminic cyproheptadine synergizes the antineoplastic activity of bortezomib in mantle cell lymphoma through its effects as a histone deacetylase inhibitor
Authors: Paoluzzi Luca , Scotto Luigi , Marchi Enrica , Seshan Venkatraman E. , O’Connor Owen A. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryCyproheptadine, an inhibitor of the H1 histamine receptors, has recently shown activity in models of leukaemia and myeloma, presumably through inhibition of cyclin‐D expression. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by overexpression of cyclin‐D1. We investigated the effect of cyproheptadine alone and in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in models of MCL. The combination of these drugs was mathematically synergistic, producing significant reductions in the mitochondrial membrane potential leading to apoptosis. In a severe combined immunodeficient beige mouse model, cyproheptadine plus bortezomib demonstrated a statistically significant advantage compared to either agent alone.
Spatiotemporal expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in experimental anti-myeloperoxidase antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis
Authors: Van Der Veen B S , Petersen A H , Belperio J A , Satchell S C , Mathieson P W , Molema G , Heeringa P 
Published: July 2009

SummaryMyeloperoxidase (MPO)-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN) is characterized by abundant leucocyte infiltration. Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines involved in receptor-mediated recruitment of leucocytes. Our objective was to analyse spatiotemporal gene expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in anti-MPO-mediated NCGN, to find potential targets for intervening with leucocyte influx. NCGN was induced in mice by co-administration of anti-MPO immunoglobulin (Ig)G and lipopolysaccharide. mRNA expression levels of chemokines and chemokine receptors were analysed in whole kidney lysates as well as in laser microdissected glomeruli and tubulo-interstitial tissue 1 and 7 day(s) after NCGN induction. Several chemokines and chemokine receptors were induced or up-regulated in anti-MPO-mediated NCGN, both on day 1 (chemokines CCL3, 5; CXCL2, 5, 13; receptor CXCR2) and on day 7 (chemokines CCL2, 5, 7, 8, 17, 20; CXCL1, 2, 5, 10; CX3CL1; receptors CCR2, 8; CX3CR1). The expression levels of most chemokines and receptors were higher in glomeruli than in the tubulo-interstitium. Because of the temporal induction of CXCR2 on day 1, we hypothesized CXCR2 as a potential target for treatment in anti-MPO-induced NCGN. Inhibition of CXCR2 using a goat-anti-CXCR2 serum prior to NCGN induction increased glomerular neutrophil influx but did not affect crescent formation and albuminuria. In conclusion, expression levels of various chemokines and chemokine receptors were increased in anti-MPO NCGN, and expressed particularly in glomeruli. These chemokines and receptors may serve as potential targets for treatment. Inhibition of a single target, CXCR2, did not attenuate anti-MPO NCGN. Combinatorial interventions may be necessary to avoid redundancy.
PPE and PE_PGRS proteins of Mycobacterium marinum are transported via the type VII secretion system ESX‐5
Authors: Abdallah Abdallah M. , Verboom Theo , Weerdenburg Eveline M. , Gey van Pittius Nicolaas C. , Mahasha Phetole W. , Jiménez Connie , Parra Marcela , Cadieux Nathalie , Brennan Michael J. , Appelmelk Ben J. , Bitter Wilbert 
Published: July 2009

SummaryESX‐5 is one of the five type VII secretion systems found in mycobacteria. These secretion systems are also known as ESAT‐6‐like secretion systems. Here, we have determined the secretome of ESX‐5 by a proteomic approach in two different strains of Mycobacterium marinum. Comparison of the secretion profile of wild‐type strains and their ESX‐5 mutants showed that a number of PE_PGRS and PPE‐MPTR proteins are dependent on ESX‐5 for transport. The PE and PPE protein families are unique to mycobacteria, are highly expanded in several pathogenic species, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. marinum, and certain family members are cell surface antigens associated with virulence. Using a monoclonal antibody directed against the PGRS domain we showed that nearly all PE_PGRS proteins that are recognized by this antibody are missing in the supernatant of ESX‐5 mutants. In addition to PE_PGRS and PPE proteins, the ESX‐5 secretion system is responsible for the secretion of a ESAT‐6‐like proteins. Together, these data show that ESX‐5 is probably a major secretion pathway for mycobacteria and that this system is responsible for the secretion of recently evolved PE_PGRS and PPE proteins.