bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locomotor activity in adult Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera) in relation to sex, physiological status and wing dimorphism
Authors: Socha R. , Zemek R. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe pattern of locomotor (walking) activity was studied in adult males and females of short‐winged (brachypterous) and long‐winged (macropterous) morph of the flightless bug Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linnaeus) (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) under constant laboratory conditions. Walking activity was measured with a computerized video system and analysed with respect to sex, physiological status (reproduction, diapause and reproductive arrest of non‐diapause type) and wing dimorphism of the bugs. The largest duration was observed in the macropterous females with reproductive arrest of non‐diapause type (average 6 h per day) and the shortest duration in diapausing brachypterous females and males (average less than 2 h per day). This was reflected also in the overall time spent by walking during the first 14 days after imaginal ecdysis. The time spent by walking significantly increased in the macropterous morph as the bugs aged, whereas in diapausing brachypters the time spent by walking decreased with age. No linear relationship between walking activity and age was found in reproductive brachypterous morph. The bugs of all experimental groups moved mostly during the photophase and were almost inactive during the scotophase. Thus, walking activity in P. apterus is diurnal, irrespective of the wing morph, physiological status, sex and age. Contrary to the macropterous morph, where the locomotor activity of females during photophase was significantly higher than in males, no significant differences were found between the locomotor activities of brachypterous males and females. The observed differences in locomotor activity are discussed in relation to different roles of two wing morphs in the life history of this heteropteran.
Investment in immune function under chronic and acute immune challenge in an insect
Authors: Siva‐Jothy Michael T. , Tsubaki Yoshitaka , Hooper Rowan E. , Plaistow Stewart J. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryIn this paper we investigate the relationship between the chronic burden of mid‐gut parasites (eugregarine trophozooites) and the effect of an acute haemolymph challenge (a nylon insert) on two important insect immune effector systems (phenol oxidase (PO) and the encapsulation response) in a field‐population of damselflies. PO levels in the haemolymph, and the magnitude of the encapsulation response were maintained, regardless of chronic and subsequent acute experimental immune challenges. The maintenance of these effector systems is therefore probably an important life‐history requirement in these damselflies. Investment in mid‐gut PO levels was significantly negatively related to the animal's chronic parasite burden after an acute experimental challenge in the haemolymph, suggesting that maintaining PO levels across two physiological compartments (haemolymph and mid‐gut) is costly. The results suggest that the immune effector system activity in different physiological compartments in an insect's body is affected by chronic parasite burdens in the face of the demands imposed by an acute immune insult.
Hydrogeological behaviour of some fault zones in a carbonate aquifer of Southern Italy: an experimentally based model
Authors: Celico Fulvio , Petrella Emma , Celico Pietro 
Published: September 2010

AbstractComplex flow circulation patterns are likely to be present in fault‐controlled groundwater flow systems, such as carbonate aquifers. Nevertheless, not much information is available for faults in carbonates, and their hydrogeological behaviour is often neglected in conceptual and numerical models. The understanding of this aspect of subsurface fluid flow has been improved in a carbonate aquifer, where hydrogeological investigations at site scale demonstrated the existence of fault zones that act as barriers. The hydraulic conductivity of the fault core is as low as that of siliciclastic rocks that represent the regional aquitard of the carbonate aquifer. Despite the lower permeability, the fault zones allow a significant groundwater flowthrough and a good interdependence of piezometric heads upgradient and downgradient of the faults. Because of this discontinuous heterogeneity, the aquifer looks like a basins‐in‐series system, where seasonal springs can be detected along some fault zones, as a function of groundwater level fluctuations.
Apparent partial loss age spectra of Neoarchean hornblende (Murmansk Terrane, Kola Peninsula, Russia): the role of biotite inclusions revealed by 40Ar/39Ar laserprobe analysis
Authors: De Jong Koen , Wijbrans Jan R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMetamorphic hornblende frequently yields spectra with progressively increasing 40Ar/39Ar age steps, often interpreted as caused by partial resetting due to thermally activated radiogenic argon loss by solid‐state diffusion. Yet, in many cases rising Ca/K ratio spectra for such samples imply the presence of minor inclusions of K‐contaminant minerals. To avoid parts of grains with mineral inclusions or compositional zoning we drilled tiny discs from thin sections under a petrographic microscope. Laser step‐heating of drilled biotite‐free hornblende discs yielded flat age and ratio spectra. In contrast, furnace step‐heated hornblende separates from the same samples produced apparent loss age spectra. Moreover, biotite‐free samples yielded flat spectra by laser and furnace dating. Consequently, apparent loss spectra result from degassing of included substantially younger biotite before its hornblende host during laboratory step‐heating; c. 2640 Ma hornblende ages constrain the Murmansk Terrane's cooling.
Cooling in rifting sequences during increasing burial depth due to heat flow decrease
Authors: Ceriani Andrea , Di Giulio Andrea , Fantoni Roberto , Scotti Paolo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo case histories are presented to give evidences for sediment cooling during increasing burial depth due to heat flow decrease at the end of crustal stretching in extensional settings. The first refers to the Lower Cretaceous succession accumulated in a strongly subsiding trough within the Sirt Basin (Libya); the second relates to the Mesozoic succession of the Lombardian Basin (NW Italy) formed during Late Triassic–Early Jurassic rifting of the northern margin of the Adriatic microplate. In both cases, heat flow decreasing at the end of crustal stretching overbalanced the thermal effect of increasing burial depth causing a net cooling of rocks. These examples provide an alternative to exhumation for explaining cooling events recorded by rifting sedimentary sequences.
Submarine reworking of exhumed subcontinental mantle rocks: field evidence from the Lherz peridotites, French Pyrenees
Authors: Lagabrielle Yves , Bodinier Jean‐Louis 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the Pyrenees, the lherzolites nowhere occur as continuous units. Rather, they always outcrop as restricted bodies, never more than 3 km wide, scattered across Mesozoic sedimentary units along the North Pyrenean Fault. We report the results of a detailed analysis of the geological setting of the Lherz massif (central Pyrenees), the type‐locality of lherzolites and one of the most studied occurrences of mantle rocks worldwide. The Lherz body is only 1.5 km long and belongs to a series of ultramafic bodies of restricted size (a few metres to some hundreds of metres), occurring within sedimentary formations composed mostly of carbonate breccias originating from the reworking of Mesozoic platform limestones and dolomites. The clastic formations also include numerous layers of polymictic breccias reworking lherzolitic clasts. These layers are found far from any lherzolitic body, implying that lherzolitic clasts cannot derive from the in situ fragmentation of an ultramafic body alone, but might also have been transported far away from their sources by sedimentary processes. A detailed analysis of the contacts between the Lherz ultramafic body and the surrounding limestones confirms that there is no fault contact and that sediments composed of ultramafic material have been emplaced into fissures within the brecciated carapace of the peridotites. These observations bear important constraints for the mode of emplacement of the lherzolite bodies. We infer that mantle exhumation may have occurred during Albian strike‐slip deformation linked to the rotation of Iberia along the proto‐North Pyrenean Fault.
Foraminiferal and δ13C isotopic event‐stratigraphy across the Danian–Selandian transition at Zumaya (northern Spain): chronostratigraphic implications
Authors: Arenillas I. , Molina E. , Ortiz S. , Schmitz B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Zumaya section, northern Spain, is a suitable candidate to define the Global Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Selandian Stage (Palaeocene) because of its excellent accessibility, exposure and stratigraphic continuity. Uncertainties exist, however, with regard to the stratigraphic horizon where to place the Danian/Selandian (D/S) boundary. Five potential stratigraphic horizons (HDS1 to HDS5) to define the D/S boundary have been identified at Zumaya, based on integrated stratigraphic studies that include quantitative planktic and benthic foraminiferal results, as well as δ13C isotopic and lithological data. Two of these horizons (HDS2 and HDS4) placed in Zone C26r appear to have particularly good potential for serving as the D/S boundary marker, because they may represent significant global palaeoceanographic, palaeoclimatic and eustatic events.
Varying Specificities of Several anti‐Mi(a) Antibodies Purified by Affinity Chromatography on Peptides Representing the Mi(a) Antigen are not the same as an anti‐Mi(a) Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Flower Robert , Lin Marie 
Published: September 2010

Aim  Anti‐Mi(a) has been used as a generic term to describe a number of antibodies to variant MNS (vMNS) antigens. The aim of this study was to compare the specificty reported for an anti‐Mia) monoclonal antibody with monospecific polyclonal antibodies recovered from human sera by affinity chromatography. The hypothesised pattern was equal reactions with QNTDK28HKRDT and QNTDM28HKRD peptides. Sepharose columns one with each form of the peptide (K28 or M28) were prepared. A 10 ml pool of sera that reacted with the M28‐peptide AND strongly agglutinated Vw cells, was subjected to affinity chromatography on the M28‐peptide column.Result  A concentrated eluate reacted only with the M28‐peptide by ELISA and agglutinated all Vw, HUT, MiIII and Mi VI cells tested. This was an anti‐Mi(a) but with different pattern of ELISA reactivity to that reported for the monoclonal antibody. In a sequential second affinity chromatography, the fraction that did NOT bind to the M28‐peptide was applied to the K28‐peptide column: The concentrate reacted with K‐containing peptide and agglutinated all Vw, HUT, MiIII and Mi IV cells – an anti‐Mi(a) with a different (lysine‐specific) pattern of reactivity. In one case an antibody that also reacted with cells with an Sta phenotype was isolated from the K28‐peptide column.Conclusion  In human antisera to Mi(a) there are several patterns of reaction for antisera that agglutinate Vw and Mi(a) cells. None of these resembled the MAb (hypothesis refuted). Complex reactivities predicted by early serolgists in the field can now be studied using specific antisera.
Strict Specimen Labelling Criteria – A Safety Initiative Experience from a Hospital
Authors: Borosak Marija , Curcic Slav , Schneider Hans , Street Alison , Cole‐Sinclair Merrole 
Published: September 2010

Aim  Correct patient and specimen identification and labelling are critical to ensuring that the correct results are issued for the right patient, and that medical decisions and treatments given on the basis of these test results are appropriate. This is particularly critical in pre‐transfusion testing with the risk of ABO mismatch transfusion and potential fatality a real possibility. Background: Over 11 months, data relating to mislabelled specimens demonstrated a basal rate of 2 ‘wrong‐blood‐in‐tube’(WBIT) incidents per month and 8 of 23 were for pre‐transfusion testing. These incidents were detected only where inconsistencies either in clinical information or previous test results were apparent. Intervention Our pathology service developed a set of strict minimum identification criteria for ALL pathology specimens and a policy of rejection of specimens that do not comply. These criteria align with ANZSBT guidelines for pre‐transfusion samples. An 8 week education and notification phase followed by strict application of the criteria in February 2004 and a subsequent follow‐up phase was conducted.Result  Smooth implementation of a major network‐wide initiative has occurred over the last 5 months, as evidenced by the low specimen incident rate of 1%. Early indicators of success include an increased awareness of WBIT episodes with three self‐reported episodes of WBIT since implementation. Unlabelled specimens have reduced by at least 50% compared to the same period prior to intervention.Conclusion  Our experience may be of interest to other institutions considering similar initiatives. A reduction in WBIT events is the most preferred outcome, however it may be many months before this can be appreciated due to low detection levels.
The Transfusion Medicine Team – A Hospital Perspective
Authors: Borosak Marija , Curcic Slav , Magrin Geoff , Street Alison , Cole‐Sinclair Merrole 
Published: September 2010

Background and aim  Three serious transfusion‐related incidents over a 9 month period highlighted the clinical risk in transfusion during 2001–2002. This lead to the development of a strategy to comprehensively review and implement transfusion safety initiatives across the Bayside health network of which the Alfred is a major hospital. Intervention The initiative commenced in January 2003 with the assembly of a multi‐disciplinary team that consisted of medical, nursing, scientific as well as hospital executive representation. This was possible with the appointment of a Transfusion Nurse as part of the Victorian Department of Human Services Blood Matters Collaborative and a Transfusion Medicine Registrar, co‐appointed by the hospital and Australian Red Cross Blood Service. The activities consisted initially of process mapping blood transfusion practice. Key areas were then selected for targeting process improvement, namely; – Patient and product identification, – Sample labelling, – Blood component administration.Result  Initiatives implemented were; – Widespread medical and nursing education on transfusion issues. – Increase transfusion information availability. – Network‐wide implementation of strict criteria for specimen labelling (all specimens) in line with ANZSBT pre‐transfusion testing guidelines. – Development of a pre‐transfusion testing and blood request form. – Development of a blood administration form to reconcile all transfusion related documentation in the medical record. ‐ Policy and guideline development.Conclusion  Sustained improvement requires ongoing dedicated personnel to maintain gains, continue to audit practice, analyse incident data both actual adverse incidents as well as near‐miss events and to respond to these challenges within an ongoing and operational quality improvement framework.
Hospital Transfusion Education – A Global Perspective
Authors: Verrall Trudi , Phythian Meradith , Saxon Ben , Robinson Kathryn 
Published: September 2010

Aim  The Adelaide Women’s & Children’s Hospital WCH) in South Australia has been actively involved in the BloodSafe program since 2002. BloodSafe has identified an inadequate safety culture in hospitals in relation to blood management practices. Paediatric transfusion practice covers diverse patient groups & is often performed infrequently leading to a loss of staff confidence. These factors, along with the lack of paediatric guidelines prompted the WCH BloodSafe nurse to build links with other paediatric centres both in Australia & overseas with the aim of identifying successful transfusion education strategies for hospital staff.Method  A South Australian Premier’s Nursing scholarship was granted to review paediatric transfusion practices and explore the role of Transfusion Nurses in Canada & the United Kingdom (UK). Hospitals throughout Ontario, England & Scotland were visited in May 2004.Result  Ontario hospitals have Transfusion Safety Officers that educate staff using orientation & professional development education sessions. In the UK a key intervention of the National Blood Conservation Strategy is a directive that all staff involved in the transfusion process require transfusion education. Clinical competency packages for all staff groups including porters & specimen collectors have been developed. The Effective Use of Blood Group in Scotland has developed an interactive web based transfusion learning package enabling staff to learn at their own pace.Conclusion  While these diverse education packages can help to shape the delivery of transfusion education in Australian Hospitals, materials that reflect current Australian practice & products need to be developed.
Blood Banking, Immunohaematology, Transfusion Science: what’s next?
Authors: Green Ralph E B 
Published: September 2010

During their education all Medical Scientists will be exposed at some stage to the intricacies of blood grouping, crossmatching and the investigation of adverse responses to the transfusion of blood and blood products. For some, this exposure engenders fear and trepidation and they cannot wait to get into a discipline that is less demanding and stressful. For others the discipline is a challenge that allows them to use their problem solving skills and to experience the adrenal rush of responding to urgent requests for blood from theater or casualty to help save a bleeding patient.As in all disciplines of Laboratory Medicine, technology, especially information communication technology (ICT), is having a significant impact upon how blood transfusion science is being practiced. However unlike all other disciplines, blood transfusion is also subject to the regulations of the Therapeutic Goods Authority which impose a broad range of safety requirements on the products that Medical Scientist work with and release for patients. Whilst some testing technology such as column agglutination and ICT is seemingly simplifying the preparation and release of products for patients, developments in other areas are opening up new challenges.The creation of Cell Therapies laboratories in a number of the major hospitals in Australia is the latest development in transfusion practice. Could the next stage in our progression be the incorpor ation of the hospital blood bank into the Cell and Tissue Therapies Laboratory, where the testing and processing of all cell and tissue products is undertaken under the one coordinating body.This presentation will review the education and training of Medical Scientists at RMIT University for the discipline of Transfusion Science and present a perspective on where future directions in our educational programs might go.
Design and Delivery of a ‘Donor‐centric’ Blood Collection Facility
Authors: Savvas Ross , Voller Matt , Moek Peter , McGinn Simon , McDonald Lisa , Doherty Kathleen 
Published: September 2010

Aim  ARCBS collection sites are located in capital city centres, regional and metropolitan static sites and mobile units. The project aimed to establish a ‘donor‐centric’ collection facility that met evolving donor needs.Methods & Result  Due to Adelaide’s high level of urbanisation combined with; (a) the eastern based skew of the existing Pirie Street operation and (b) the demographic profiles of donor and non‐donor cohorts, potential sites for further investigation were identified. This process was further enhanced by surveying donors (stakeholder buy in and input) who indicated a preference for a mid‐CBD site. This selection was supported by retailing and traffic analysis that reinforced the Currie St. location – a major street frontage with a transport hub to the western suburbs. ‘Guiding Principles’ for the design and operation of the centre were developed and stated that the site must; – have a WOW factor – make donation easy for donors – have a modern and professional outlook – have its own personality – be creative and bold – not compete with the existing city site – cater for a different market segment to existing sites. The Guiding Principles and recommendations from donor focus groups, were used by the architects to develop concept drawings. These were reviewed by the Donor Advisory Committee, and specifications finalised. Furniture, fittings, refreshments and marketing strategies also focussed on the target donor groups and Guiding Principles.Conclusion  A donor focus in the planning, design and development of this centre has produced a facility that currently exceeds collection targets and has been nominated for building industry awards.
A Serological Survey on Erysipelas in Chickens by Growth Agglutination Test
Authors: Takahashi T. , Takagi M. , Yamamoto K. , Nakamura M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryFrom March to April 1992, 200 culled chickens sent to an abattoir in Tokyo, Japan were examined for the presence of growth agglutinating antibody in the serum. In the serological survey, 11 (5.5 %) of 200 chicken sera had high growth agglutination titres againstErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, ranging from 1 : 16 to 1 : 128. These findings indicate a high rate of erysipelas infection among chickens in the field.
Physically restraining elder residents of long‐term care facilities from a nurses' perspective
Authors: Ben Natan Merav , Akrish Orit , Zaltkina BatSheva , Noy Ronit Har 
Published: September 2010

Ben Natan M, Akrish O, Zaltkina B, Noy RH. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 499–507 Physically restraining elder residents of long‐term care facilities from a nurses' perspectiveThe purpose of the current study was to identify and analyse major variables affecting intended decisions of nursing staff to physically restrain elder residents of long‐term care facilities. The study explored whether a research model constructed of staff characteristics and resident characteristics would prove useful for predicting behavioural intentions. A total of 120 reliable and validated questionnaires, based on the research model, were administered to nurses working in a large long‐term care facility for older adults in central Israel; 104 questionnaires were returned for a response rate of 86%. The research findings indicate that most of the nurses who responded (67.2%) reported that they had physically restrained elder residents more than 10 times over the past year; however, the nurses had a low intention of restraining residents during the coming year. The research results indicate that the intended decision of nursing staff to restrain elderly residents is a derivative of their behavioural beliefs and attitudes, normative beliefs and subjective norms, as well as of residents' dementia, physical state and stress.
Undernutrition among children in South and South‐East Asia
Authors: Pasricha Sant‐Rayn , Biggs Beverley‐Ann 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUndernutrition remains a major public health problem among children living in Asia. Although the burden is maximal among poorer, rural and Indigenous communities, the problem affects the majority in many Asian countries, especially in South Asia. In order to prevent the pervasive consequences of undernutrition, strategies that address this burden are required. Successful implementation of strategies may be limited by the complex aetiology of undernutrition, including the political setting. Rising food insecurity because of climate change, land use for biofuel production and the recent global financial crisis threaten to exacerbate childhood malnutrition. In this review, we describe the burden of undernutrition among Asian children and discuss contributing factors and potential solutions.