bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of a parallel permutation testing function for the SPRINT R package
Authors: Petrou Savvas , Sloan Terence M. , Mewissen Muriel , Forster Thorsten , Piotrowski Michal , Dobrzelecki Bartosz , Ghazal Peter , Trew Arthur , Hill Jon 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThe statistical language R and its Bioconductor package are favoured by many biostatisticians for processing microarray data. The amount of data produced by some analyses has reached the limits of many common bioinformatics computing infrastructures. High Performance Computing systems offer a solution to this issue. The Simple Parallel R Interface (SPRINT) is a package that provides biostatisticians with easy access to High Performance Computing systems and allows the addition of parallelized functions to R. Previous work has established that the SPRINT implementation of an R permutation testing function has close to optimal scaling on up to 512 processors on a supercomputer. Access to supercomputers, however, is not always possible, and so the work presented here compares the performance of the SPRINT implementation on a supercomputer with benchmarks on a range of platforms including cloud resources and a common desktop machine with multiprocessing capabilities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Innovative Short‐term, Intensive, Family‐based Treatment for Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa: Case Series
Authors: Rockwell Roxanne E. , Boutelle Kerri , Trunko Mary Ellen , Jacobs M. Joy , Kaye Walter H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveIn order to improve the dissemination of new expert‐based treatments for adolescents with anorexia nervosa, we have developed an innovative 1‐week intensive family‐based evaluation and treatment programme. Ages of the adolescents in the programme ranged from 10 to 18 years (mean = 15.0, SD = 2.1). We report the outcomes of the first 19 cases.MethodData were obtained from a retrospective chart review and a follow‐up of cases at 52 to 738 days (mean = 278.4, SD = 193.8) post‐treatment. The primary outcome measure was ideal body weight (IBW) percentage.ResultsAt admission, the duration of illness ranged from less than 1 to 8 years (mean 2.1, SD = 1.7). Admission IBW ranged from 69.3 to 99.1% (mean = 84.3%, SD = 8.7). Follow‐up IBW ranged from 84.4 to 134.6% (mean = 99.3%, SD = 11.8). All but one patient reported a sustained gain in weight post‐treatment (mean = 15.0, SD = 14.5).DiscussionThese data provide further support for the notion that short‐term family‐based therapy may be useful for weight restoration and maintenance in some adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Inductance profile calculation of step winding structure in tubular linear reluctance motor using three‐dimensional finite element method
Authors: Mosallanejad Ali , Shoulaie Abbas 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, a novel design for a tubular linear reluctance motor (TLRM) has been developed. This paper presents a novel structure to enhance magnetic force and velocity in TLRM. The new structure is accomplished through some changes in TLRM, which result in a step winding structure. For dynamic modeling of the proposed TLRM and obtaining the motor output characteristics, it is necessary that the inductance profile is calculated with a good accuracy. This paper represents a study of step winding inductance in every plunger positions in TLRMs with open‐type magnetic circuits. Electromagnetic finite element analysis is used for proposed motor simulation and coil inductance calculation. Moreover, inductance of a prototype novel TLRM was measured with experimental methods. Simulation results of coil inductance calculation using three‐dimensional finite element method with coil current excitation are compared with theoretical and experimental results. The comparison yields a good agreement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphorylation of vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein Ser239 suppresses filopodia and invadopodia in colon cancer
Authors: Zuzga David S. , Pelta‐Heller Joshua , Li Peng , Bombonati Alessandro , Waldman Scott A. , Pitari Giovanni M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn colorectal cancer, the antitumorigenic guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) signalome is defective reflecting ligand deprivation from downregulation of endogenous hormone expression. Although the proximal intracellular mediators of that signal transduction system, including cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG), are well characterized, the functional significance of its distal effectors remain vague. Dysregulation of ligand‐dependent GCC signaling through vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), an actin‐binding protein implicated in membrane protrusion dynamics, drastically reduced cGMP‐dependent VASP phosphorylation levels in colorectal tumors from patients. Restoration of cGMP‐dependent VASP phosphorylation by GCC agonists suppressed the number and length of locomotory (filopodia) and invasive (invadopodia) actin‐based organelles in human colon cancer cells. Membrane organelle disassembly reflected specific phosphorylation of VASP Ser239, the cGMP/PKG preferred site, and rapid VASP removal from tumor cell protrusions. Importantly, VASP Ser239 phosphorylation inhibited the proteolytic function of invadopodia, reflected by suppression of the cancer cell ability to digest DQ‐collagen IV embedded in Matrigel. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for VASP Ser239 phosphorylation, a single intracellular biochemical reaction, as an effective mechanism which opposes tumor cell shape promoting colon cancer invasion and metastasis. Reconstitution of physiological cGMP circuitry through VASP, in turn, represents an attractive targeted approach for patients with colorectal cancer.
Kinetics of malachite green fading in water–ethanol–2‐propanol ternary mixtures
Authors: Samiey Babak , Motamedi Laila 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe rate constant of malachite green (MG+) alkaline fading was measured in water–ethanol–2‐propanol ternary mixtures. This reaction was studied under pseudo‐first‐order conditions at 283–303 K. It was observed that the observed reaction rate constants, kobs, were increased in the presence of different weight percentages of ethanol and 2‐propanol. The fundamental rate constants of MG+ fading in these solutions were obtained by using the SESMORTAC model. In each series of experiments, the concentration of one alcohol was kept constant and the concentration of the second one was changed. It was observed that at the constant concentration of one alcohol and variable concentrations of the second one, with an increase in temperature, k2 values decrease according to the trend of hydroxide ion nucleophilic parameter values and k1 values increase. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 441–453, 2011
Portfolio Selection from Multiple Benchmarks: A Goal Programming Approach to an Actual Case
Authors: Bravo Mila , Pla‐Santamaria David , Garcia‐Bernabeu Ana 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with benchmark‐based portfolio choice for buy‐and‐hold strategies of investing. Multiple benchmarks for returns are considered, which is more realistic than taking a unique benchmark – a unique aspiration difficult to select in practice among the various aspirations for returns that the investor has in mind. Portfolio selection with multiple benchmarks leads to a multi‐objective problem, which is addressed by mean value – stochastic goal programming. In particular, two benchmarks are considered, which involves two goals. Weights for goals depend on investor's preferences and Arrow's absolute risk aversion coefficients. An efficient frontier of portfolios is obtained. Advantages of this stochastic method in our context are as follows: (i) Mean value‐stochastic goal programming relies on classical utility theory under uncertainty and Arrow's absolute risk aversion, which ensures soundness and strictness, and (ii) the numerical model is easily solved by using available software such as mean–variance software. Numerical results are tabulated and discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Botulinum toxin‐induced focal paresis in mice is unaffected by muscle activity
Authors: Kutschenko Anna , Reinert Marie‐Christine , Klinker Florian , Paulus Walter , Hesse Stefan , Liebetanz David 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntroduction:To test the hypothesis that the efficacy of botulinum toxin depends on the activity of the neuromuscular junction, we developed an in vivo paradigm to determine the degree and duration of low‐dose botulinum toxin‐induced focal paresis in mice.Methods:We combined an automated wheel‐running paradigm with low‐dose botulinum toxin injections into the calf muscles of wild‐type mice. Half of the mice were injected either before the nightly running or before the daily resting period.Results:After botulinum toxin injections, running distance and maximum velocity decreased dose‐dependently. The degree and duration of decrease between the respective groups with regard to the time‐points of injection were identical.Conclusions:This in vivo paradigm quantifies the degree of otherwise clinically inapparent botulinum toxin‐induced focal calf muscle paresis. Increased muscle activity after low‐dose injections does not influence the efficacy of botulinum toxin in normal muscles. Muscle Nerve 2011
Characterization of Injuries During Hardcourt Bike Polo Participation: A Descriptive Survey
Authors: Noh Maureen Y. , Laker Scott R. , Vincent Heather K. 
Published: June 2011

ObjectiveTo describe injury rates and patterns in the emerging sport of hardcourt bike polo (HBP).DesignDescriptive survey.SettingHBP playing areas (urban flat concrete surfaces).ParticipantsTwenty‐two adult (≥18 years) HBP players who presented to a routine thrice‐weekly playing site completed the survey.Main Outcome MeasurementsParticipants completed a survey that was used to evaluate demographics; frequency of play; rate, localization, and severity of injuries sustained in the past 1 year; and use of medical care.ResultsThe incidence of sustaining an injury in 1 year was 0.86. The main sites of injury involved the knee, elbow, wrist, and hand. Medical attention was sought by 15% of the injured players.ConclusionHBP is a rapidly evolving urban sport in which participants are at risk for trauma‐related injury, some of which may be preventable by the addition of appropriate safety equipment.
Chronic caffeine intake decreases circulating catecholamines and prevents diet-induced insulin resistance and hypertension in rats
Authors: Conde Silvia V. , Nunes da Silva Tiago , Gonzalez Constancio , Mota Carmo Miguel , Monteiro Emilia C. , Guarino Maria P. 
Published: June 2011

We tested the hypothesis that long-term caffeine intake prevents the development of insulin resistance and hypertension in two pathological animal models: the high-fat (HF) and the high-sucrose (HSu) diet rat. We used six groups of animals: control; caffeine-treated (Caff; 1 g/l in drinking water during 15 d); HF; caffeine-treated HF (HFCaff); HSu; caffeine-treated HSu (HSuCaff). Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the insulin tolerance test. Blood pressure, weight gain, visceral fat, hepatic glutathione, plasma caffeine, insulin and NO, and serum NEFA and catecholamines were measured. Caffeine reversed insulin resistance and hypertension induced by both the HF and HSu diets. In the HF-fed animals caffeine treatment restored fasting insulin levels to control values and reversed increased weight gain and visceral fat mass. In the HSu group, caffeine reversed fasting hyperglycaemia and restored NEFA to control values. There were no changes either in plasma NO or in hepatic glutathione levels. In contrast, caffeine totally prevented the increase in serum catecholamines induced by HF and HSu diets. To test the hypothesis that inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system prevents the development of diet-induced insulin resistance we administered carvedilol, an antagonist of β1, β2 and also α1 adrenoceptors, to HF and HSu rats. Carvedilol treatment fully prevented diet-induced insulin resistance and hypertension, mimicking the effect of caffeine. We concluded that long-term caffeine intake prevented the development of insulin resistance and hypertension in HF and HSu models and that this effect was related to a decrease in circulating catecholamines.
Blood profiling of proteins and steroids during weight maintenance with manipulation of dietary protein level and glycaemic index
Authors: Wang Ping , Holst Claus , Astrup Arne , Bouwman Freek G. , van Otterdijk Sanne , Wodzig Will K. W. H. , Andersen Malene R. , van Baak Marleen A. , Rasmussen Lone G. , Alfredo Martinez J. , Jebb Susan A. , Pfeiffer Andreas F. H. , Kafatos Anthony , Handjieva-Darlenska Teodora , Hlavaty Petr , Saris Wim H. M. , Mariman Edwin C. M. 
Published: June 2011

Weight regain after weight loss is common. In the Diogenes dietary intervention study, a high-protein and low-glycaemic index (GI) diet improved weight maintenance. The objective of the present study was to identify (1) blood profiles associated with continued weight loss and weight regain (2) blood biomarkers of dietary protein and GI levels during the weight-maintenance phase. Blood samples were collected at baseline, after 8 weeks of low-energy diet-induced weight loss and after a 6-month dietary intervention period from female continued weight losers (n 48) and weight regainers (n 48), evenly selected from four dietary groups that varied in protein and GI levels. The blood concentrations of twenty-nine proteins and three steroid hormones were measured. The changes in analytes during weight maintenance largely correlated negatively with the changes during weight loss, with some differences between continued weight losers and weight regainers. Increases in leptin (LEP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly associated with weight regain (P < 0·001 and P = 0·005, respectively), and these relationships were influenced by the diet. Consuming a high-protein and high-GI diet dissociated the positive relationship between the change in LEP concentration and weight regain. CRP increased during the weight-maintenance period only in weight regainers with a high-protein diet (P < 0·001). In addition, testosterone, luteinising hormone, angiotensinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4, insulin, glucagon, haptoglobin and growth hormone were also affected by the dietary intervention. The blood profile reflects not only the weight change during the maintenance period, but also the macronutrient composition of the dietary intervention, especially the protein level.
Mediterranean diet adherence during pregnancy and fetal growth: INMA (Spain) and RHEA (Greece) mother–child cohort studies
Authors: Chatzi Leda , Mendez Michelle , Garcia Raquel , Roumeliotaki Theano , Ibarluzea Jesús , Tardón Adonina , Amiano Pilar , Lertxundi Aitana , Iñiguez Carmen , Vioque Jesus , Kogevinas Manolis , Sunyer Jordi 
Published: June 2011

Dietary intake of specific nutrients or food groups during pregnancy could influence fetal growth, but scant evidence is available on effects of dietary patterns. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence during pregnancy on fetal growth in two population-based mother–child cohorts in Spain and Greece. We studied 2461 mother–newborn pairs from the Spanish multi-centre ‘INMA’ study (Atlantic area: INMA-Atlantic; Mediterranean area: INMA-Mediterranean), and 889 pairs from the ‘RHEA’ study in Crete, Greece. Maternal diet during pregnancy was assessed by FFQ and MD adherence was evaluated through an a priori score. Fetal growth restriction was based on a customised model, and multivariate log-binomial and linear regression models were used to adjust for several confounders. MD scores differ significantly between the cohorts with women in INMA-Atlantic reporting higher intakes of fish and dairy products, while women in the Mediterranean area reported higher intakes of cereals, vegetables and fruits. Women with high MD adherence had a significantly lower risk of delivering a fetal growth–restricted infant for weight (risk ratios: 0·5; 95 % CI 0·3, 0·9) in the INMA-Mediterranean cohort. Stratified analysis by smoking revealed that higher MD adherence increased birth weight and birth length in smoking mothers, whereas this effect was not apparent in non-smoking mothers. The results of the present study show that several types of MD exist across European Mediterranean regions. High MD adherence may modify the detrimental effect of smoking on birth size, but overall effects of diet were not universal for the studies in this analysis.
Explaining Dissent on the Supreme Court of Canada
Authors: Songer Donald R , Szmer John , Johnson Susan W 
Published: June 2011

Abstract.While there is an extensive literature on the causes of dissensus on appellate courts in the US, few empirical studies exist of the causes of dissent in Canadian Supreme Court. The current study seeks to close that gap in the literature, proposing and then testing what we call a Canadian model of dissent. We find that the likelihood of dissent is strongly related to four broad factors that appear to exert independent influence on whether the Court is consensual or divided: political conflict, institutional structure, legal ambiguity in the law and variations in the leadership style of the chief justice.Résumé.Les causes de dissension dans les cours d'appel aux États-Unis font l'objet de nombreux articles et publications, mais il existe très peu d'études empiriques sur les causes de dissidence à la Cour suprême du Canada. La présente étude vise à combler cette lacune en proposant, un modèle canadien de dissension, puis en le mettant à l'épreuve. Nous avons constaté que le risque de dissension est fortement lié à quatre facteurs genéraux qui semblent exercer une influence indépendante, que la Cour soit en accord ou divisée. Ces facteurs sont le conflit politique, la structure institutionnelle, la présence d'une ambiguité juridique dans la loi et le style de direction du juge en chef.
Reproducing Colonialism: Subject Formation and Talk Radio in English Canada
Authors: Krebs Andreas 
Published: June 2011

Abstract.This paper examines how two talk radio programs—CBC'sSounds Like Canadaand Corus Radio Network'sAdler Online—work to reproduce colonialism in Canada through formation of colonial subjectivity. It proceeds through analysis of listener experience informed by postcolonial theory, and the work of Deleuze and Guattari. The mobilization of affective states by these programs, specifically sympathy and outrage, has important implications for how colonialism continues to dictate many of the terms of Canadian political discourse. If colonialism continues to be reproduced in our daily interactions with the media, this poses serious threats to Canadian multiculturalism and to the potential for realizing Aboriginal political goals.Résumé.Cet article explore la manière dont deux émissions-débats radiophoniques (Sounds Like Canadade CBC ainsi queAdler Onlinedu réseau Corus Radio) participent à la reproduction du colonialisme au Canada en renforçant la formation d'une subjectivité coloniale. Cette recherche propose une analyse de l'expérience d'un auditeur développée conjointement avec les théories postcoloniales et les oeuvres de Deleuze et Guattari. La mobilisation d'états affectifs, plus précisément la sympathie ou l'indignation, qu'engendre l'écoute de ces émissions-débats a de nombreuses implications sur la façon dont le colonialisme continue de dicter plusieurs éléments clés du discours politique canadien. La perpétuation du colonialisme au cours de nos interactions quotidiennes avec les médias pose un risque non négligeable pour le multiculturalisme canadien et pour l'atteinte éventuelle des objectifs politiques des communautés autochtones.
Legislative Voting in the Canadian Parliament
Authors: Godbout Jean-François , Høyland Bjørn 
Published: June 2011

Abstract.We analyze legislative voting in the 35th (1994–1997), 38th (2004–2005), and 39th (2006–2008) Canadian Parliaments. Using Poole's (2005) optimal classification algorithm, we locate MPs and their parties in a two-dimensional geometric model. The first dimension represents the division between governing and opposition parties that has been found in similar parliamentary systems. The second dimension captures the opposition between the Bloc Québécois and the rest of the legislature. We find a clear separation between the Reform party (and later the Conservative party) and the Bloc Québécois in the 35th and 38th Parliaments, with the Liberal and the New Democratic parties occupying the centre. However, in the 39th Parliament, the ordering changes with the Conservatives and the New Democrats near the centre, and Liberal and Bloc MPs occupying the extremes. We explain this change by the capacity of the governing party to control the legislative agenda and the recent minority governments in the House of Commons.Résumé.Nous analysons le vote législatif au trente-cinquième (1994–1997), au trente-huitième (2004–2005) et au trente-neuvième (2006–2008) Parlement canadien. En utilisant la méthode de classification optimale développée par Poole (2005), nous situons les députés de la Chambre des communes et leurs partis dans un modèle géométrique comprenant deux dimensions. La première dimension représente le conflit entre le gouvernement et les partis d'opposition que l'on retrouve également dans d'autres systèmes parlementaires, alors que la seconde dimension correspond à l'opposition régionale qui existe entre le Bloc Québécois et les partis fédéraux. Nous constatons une nette polarité entre le Parti réformiste (et plus tard le Parti conservateur) et le Bloc Québécois au trente-cinquième et au trente-huitième Parlement, alors que le Parti libéral et le Nouveau Parti démocratique se trouvent au centre. Cependant, au trente-neuvième Parlement, nous observons un changement dans la polarité régionale, puisque ce sont maintenant les Libéraux et les Bloquistes qui occupent les deux extrémités, alors que les Conservateurs et les Néodémocrates se situent au centre. Nous expliquons ces mouvements par la capacité du gouvernement de contrôler l'agenda législatif et par les récents gouvernements minoritaires à la Chambre des communes.
Impulsivity and cognitive distortions in pathological gamblers attending the UK National Problem Gambling Clinic: a preliminary report
Authors: Michalczuk R. , Bowden-Jones H. , Verdejo-Garcia A. , Clark L. 
Published: June 2011

BackgroundPathological gambling (PG) is a form of behavioural addiction that has been associated with elevated impulsivity and also cognitive distortions in the processing of chance, probability and skill. We sought to assess the relationship between the level of cognitive distortions and state and trait measures of impulsivity in treatment-seeking pathological gamblers.MethodThirty pathological gamblers attending the National Problem Gambling Clinic, the first National Health Service clinic for gambling problems in the UK, were compared with 30 healthy controls in a case-control design. Cognitive distortions were assessed using the Gambling-Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS). Trait impulsivity was assessed using the UPPS-P, which includes scales of urgency, the tendency to be impulsive in positive or negative mood states. Delay discounting rates were taken as a state measure of impulsive choice.ResultsPathological gamblers had elevated impulsivity on several UPPS-P subscales but effect sizes were largest (Cohen's d>1.4) for positive and negative urgency. The pathological gamblers also displayed higher levels of gambling distortions, and elevated preference for immediate rewards, compared to controls. Within the pathological gamblers, there was a strong relationship between the preference for immediate rewards and the level of cognitive distortions (R2=0.41).ConclusionsImpulsive choice in the gamblers was correlated with the level of gambling distortions, and we hypothesize that an impulsive decision-making style may increase the acceptance of erroneous beliefs during gambling play.