bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Surface Roughness on Mechanical Properties of Two Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Ceramic Materials
Authors: Flury S , Peutzfeldt A , Lussi A 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of surface roughness on surface hardness (Vickers; VHN), elastic modulus (EM), and flexural strength (FLS) of two computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic materials. One hundred sixty-two samples of VITABLOCS Mark II (VMII) and 162 samples of IPS Empress CAD (IPS) were ground according to six standardized protocols producing decreasing surface roughnesses (n=27/group): grinding with 1) silicon carbide (SiC) paper #80, 2) SiC paper #120, 3) SiC paper #220, 4) SiC paper #320, 5) SiC paper #500, and 6) SiC paper #1000. Surface roughness (Ra/Rz) was measured with a surface roughness meter, VHN and EM with a hardness indentation device, and FLS with a three-point bending test. To test for a correlation between surface roughness (Ra/Rz) and VHN, EM, or FLS, Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated. The decrease in surface roughness led to an increase in VHN from (VMII/IPS; medians) 263.7/256.5 VHN to 646.8/601.5 VHN, an increase in EM from 45.4/41.0 GPa to 66.8/58.4 GPa, and an increase in FLS from 49.5/44.3 MPa to 73.0/97.2 MPa. For both ceramic materials, Spearman rank correlation coefficients showed a strong negative correlation between surface roughness (Ra/Rz) and VHN or EM and a moderate negative correlation between Ra/Rz and FLS. In conclusion, a decrease in surface roughness generally improved the mechanical properties of the CAD/CAM ceramic materials tested. However, FLS was less influenced by surface roughness than expected.
The Effect of Prophylaxis Method on Microtensile Bond Strength of Indirect Restorations to Dentin
Authors: Soares CJ , Pereira JC , Souza SJB , Menezes MS , Armstrong SR 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARY
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different materials used for dentin prophylaxis on the microtensile bond strengths (μTBS) of adhesively cemented indirect composite restorations. Sixty bovine incisors had the buccal surface ground with wet #600-grit silicon carbide abrasive paper to obtain a flat exposed superficial dentin and were submitted to different prophylaxis protocols, as follows: 3% hydrogen peroxide (HydP); 0.12% chlorhexidine (Chlo); sodium bicarbonate jet (SodB); 50-μm aluminum oxide air abrasion (AirA); pumice paste (PumP), and control group–water spray (Cont). After prophylaxis protocols a resin composite block (3.0 mm × 5.0 mm × 5.0 mm) was adhesively cemented using dual resin cement (Rely X ARC). After 24 hours of water storage, specimens were serially sectioned perpendicular to the bonded interface into 1-mm-thick slices. Each specimen was trimmed with a diamond bur to an hourglass shape with a cross-sectional area of approximately 1.0 mm2 at the bonded area. Specimens were tested (μTBS) at 0.5 mm/min using a universal testing machine. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the effects of prophylaxis techniques on dentin. Bond strength data (MPa) were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and failure mode by Fisher test (α=0.05). μTBS data, means (SD), were (different superscripted letters indicate statistically significant differences): AirA, 25.2 (7.2)a; PumP, 24.1 (7.8)a; Chlo, 21.5 (5.6)a; Cont, 20.6 (8.1)a; HydP, 15.5 (7.6)b; and SodB, 11.5 (4.4)c. The use of aluminum oxide air abrasion, pumice paste, and chlorhexidine before acid etching did not significantly affect μTBS to dentin; however, the use of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate jet significantly reduced μTBS.
Conspectus of Vegetation Syntaxa in Slovenia
Authors: Šilc Urban , Čarni Andraž 
Published: May 2012

Conspectus of Vegetation Syntaxa in SloveniaFor the first time, an overview of plant communities in Slovenia is presented according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. In total 588 associations (and some communities classified into higher syntaxa) belonging to 51 classes have been registered in Slovenia. Additionally 149 syntaxa are mentioned as registered in the field or in, the literature, but not documented with relevé material. Syntaxonomical classification is based on the "EuroChecklist" and includes also the Slovenian written definition of the high-rank syntaxa.
Role of a Food Box Program: In Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Food Security
Authors: Miewald Christiana , Holben David , Hall Peter 
Published: May 2012

Purpose: We examined whether participation in a food box program has a positive effect on fruit and vegetable consumption and food security.Methods: Participants and nonparticipants in a food box program were surveyed to determine differences between the two groups and change over time.Results: Fruit and vegetable intake declined in those who left the program after several months, and intake of fruit, carrots, and vegetables was lower among those who had left than among those who remained in the program. Food insecurity was associated with lower intakes of fruit and vegetables.Conclusions: Participation in a food box program can provide some benefit in terms of increased fruit and vegetable consumption for those who use the program regularly. Increasing the frequency of the box and encouraging continued use may improve these effects.
Food Consumption Patterns: In Preschool Children
Authors: Pabayo Roman , Spence John C. , Casey Linda , Storey Kate 
Published: May 2012

Purpose: Healthy eating during early childhood is important for growth and development. Eating Well with Canada's Food Guide (CFG) provides dietary recommendations. We investigated patterns of food consumption among preschool children and attempted to determine whether these children's intakes met nutrition recommendations. Methods: Between 2005 and 2007, four- and five-year-old children (n=2015) attending 12 Edmonton-region public health units for immunization were recruited for a longitudinal study on determinants of childhood obesity. The children's dietary intake at baseline was assessed using parental reports. Results: Overall, 29.6%, 23.5%, 90.9%, and 94.2% of the children met recommendations for vegetables and fruit, grain products, milk and alternatives, and meat and alternatives, respectively. In addition, 79.5% consumed at least one weekly serving of foods in the “choose least often” group. Significant differences existed in consumption of food groups across socioeconomic and demographic groups. For example, 82.9%, 84.7%, and 75.9% of preschool children from neighbourhoods of low, medium, and high socioeconomic status, respectively, consumed at least one food in the “choose least often” group (χ2 =16.2, p<0.001). Conclusions: Consumption of vegetables and fruit and grain products was low among participants, and intake of “choose least often” foods was high. Consumption of foods also differed among socioeconomic and demographic groups. To encourage healthy eating among children, public health professionals should target groups who do not meet the CFG recommendations.
Inadequate Dietary Intakes: Among Pregnant Women
Authors: Fowler Jennifer K. , Evers Susan E. , Campbell M. Karen 
Published: May 2012

Purpose: Eating behaviours were assessed among pregnant women in a mid-sized Canadian city. Methods: As part of the Prenatal Health Project, we interviewed 2313 pregnant women in London, Ontario. Subjects also completed a food frequency questionnaire. Recruitment took place in ultrasound clinics at 10 to 22 weeks of gestation. The main outcome measures were number of daily servings for each food group, measured against the minimum number recommended by the 2007 Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide (CFG), the proportion of women consuming the recommended number of servings for each and all of the four food groups, and factors associated with adequate consumption. We also determined the number of servings of “other foods.” Analysis included descriptive statistics and logistic regression, all at p<0.05. Results: A total of 3.5% of women consumed the recommended number of servings for all four food groups; 15.3% did not consume the minimum number of servings of foods for any of the four food groups. Women for whom this was their first pregnancy were less likely to consume the recommended number of servings from all four food groups (odds ratio=0.41; confidence interval=0.23, 0.74). Conclusions: Very few pregnant women consumed food group servings consistent with the 2007 recommendations. Strategies to improve dietary behaviours must focus on the establishment of healthy eating behaviours among women of reproductive age.
Body Image, Body Mass Index, and Body Composition: In Young Adults
Authors: Streeter Veronica M. , Milhausen Robin R. , Buchholz Andrea C. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose: Associations were examined between body image and body mass index (BMI) in comparison with body composition in healthy weight, overweight, and obese young adults.Methods: Weight and height were determined, and the percentage of fat mass (%FM) and percentage of fat-free mass (%FFM) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 75 male and 87 female young adults (21.1 ± 1.9 years; 25.2 ± 4.4 kg/m2[mean ± standard deviation]). Body image was measured using the three subscales Weight Esteem, Appearance Esteem, and External Attribution of the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA).Results: Body mass index and %FM were highly correlated (r for males = 0.74, r for females = 0.82; both p<0.001), and were inversely associated with body image, particularly Weight Esteem. After adjustment for physical activity, BMI and %FM (and %FFM, although in the opposite direction) were associated with each BESAA subscale: %FM, %FFM, and BMI explained 12% to14% of the variance in Appearance Esteem for both sexes, 33% to 41% in Weight Esteem in women and 16% to 18% in men, and 8% to 10% in External Attribution in women (all p<0.05) and <5% for men (NS).Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware that as their clients’ BMI and %FM increase, body image decreases, particularly in women.
Le chevalier désobéissant dans la littérature arthurienne : modèle ou repoussoir ?
Authors: Laranjinha Ana Sofia 
Published: May 2012

Le roman arthurien est un puissant champ de réflexion sur les rapports de pouvoir, étroits mais tendus, entre le roi et ses chevaliers. Dans Le Conte du Graal, le parcours de Perceval est fondé sur la désobéissance, mais il s’agit là d’un aspect de sa vitalité et de son excellence chevaleresque, qui l’oppose au courtois mais médiocre Gauvain, représentant de la cour arthurienne et de ses limites. Le neveu d’Arthur conserve son rôle et son caractère dans la première phase du cycle arthurien en prose, mais la naissance, dans la Suite du Merlin, du thème de la haine entre les lignages de Lot et Pellinor est à l’origine d’une métamorphose qui s’affirme dans la troisième phase de rédaction du Tristan en Prose et s’achève dans la Quête du Pseudo-Boron
(représentée par la Demanda portugaise), où le contraste entre un Gauvain courtois bien que malchanceux et un Gauvain félon découle d’une écriture en deux phases. Le discrédit dans lequel tombe la désobéissance s’explique par la hantise du désordre et de la fi n des temps qui marque la deuxième phase de rédaction de la Demanda.
Spatial-symbolic Query Engine in Anatomy
Authors: Mejino J. L. V. , Detwiler L. T. , Franklin J. D. , Brinkley J. F. , Puget A. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryObjectives: Currently, the primary means for answering anatomical questions such as ‘what vital organs would potentially be impacted by a bullet wound to the abdomen?’ is to look them up in textbooks or to browse online sources. In this work we describe a semantic web service and spatial query processor that permits a user to graphically pose such questions as joined queries over separately defined spatial and symbolic knowledge sources.Methods: Spatial relations (e.g. anterior) were defined by two anatomy experts, and based on a 3-D volume of labeled images of the thorax, all the labeled anatomical structures were queried to retrieve the target structures for every query structure and every spatial relation. A web user interface and a web service were designed to relate existing symbolic information from the Foundational Model of Anatomy ontology (FMA) with spatial information provided by the spatial query processor, and to permit users to select anatomical structures and define queries.Results: We evaluated the accuracy of results returned by the queries, and since there is no independent gold standard, we used two anatomy experts’ opinions as the gold standard for comparison. We asked the same experts to define the gold standard and to define the spatial relations. The F-measure for the overall evaluation is 0.90 for rater 1 and 0.56 for rater 2. The percentage of observed agreement is 99% and Cohen’s kappa coefficient reaches 0.51. The main source of disagreement relates to issues with the labels used in the dataset, and not with the tool itself.Conclusions: In its current state the system can be used as an end-user application but it is likely to be of most use as a framework for building end-user applications such as displaying the results as a 3-D anatomical scene. The system promises potential practical utility for obtaining and navigating spatial and symbolic data.
Surgical Workflow Management Schemata for Cataract Procedures
Authors: Liebmann P. , Wiedemann P. , Meixensberger J. , Neumuth T. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryObjective: Workflow guidance of surgical activities is a challenging task. Because of variations in patient properties and applied surgical techniques, surgical processes have a high variability. The objective of this study was the design and implementation of a surgical workflow management system (SWFMS) that can provide a robust guidance for surgical activities. We investigated how many surgical process models are needed to develop a SWFMS that can guide cataract surgeries robustly.Methods: We used 100 cases of cataract surgeries and acquired patient-individual surgical process models (iSPMs) from them. Of these, randomized subsets iSPMs were selected as learning sets to create a generic surgical process model (gSPM). These gSPMs were mapped onto workflow nets as work-flow schemata to define the behavior of the SWFMS. Finally, 10 iSPMs from the disjoint set were simulated to validate the workflow schema for the surgical processes. The measurement was the successful guidance of an iSPM.Results: We demonstrated that a SWFMS with a workflow schema that was generated from a subset of 10 iSPMs is sufficient to guide approximately 65% of all surgical processes in the total set, and that a subset of 50 iSPMs is sufficient to guide approx. 80% of all processes.Conclusion: We designed a SWFMS that is able to guide surgical activities on a detailed level. The study demonstrated that the high inter-patient variability of surgical processes can be considered by our approach.
Polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite loci in Nelumbo (Nelumbonaceae)
Authors: Xue Jianhua , Wang Shuo , Zhou Shi‐Liang 
Published: May 2012

• Premise of the study: To study population genetics, phylogeography, and hybridization of Nelumbo (Nelumbonaceae), chloroplast microsatellite markers were developed.• Methods and Results: Seventeen microsatellite loci were identified from the chloroplast genomes of N. nucifera and N. lutea. Polymorphisms were assessed in three populations of N. nucifera and one population of N. lutea. Nine loci were found to be polymorphic in N. nucifera, and all 17 loci were found to be polymorphic in N. lutea. In N. nucifera, the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to six, and the unbiased haploid diversity per locus ranged from 0.198 to 0.790. In N. lutea, the number of alleles ranged from two to four, and the unbiased haploid diversity per locus ranged from 0.245 to 0.694.• Conclusions: The identified chloroplast simple sequence repeat markers will be useful for the study of genetic diversity, phylogeography, and identification of Nelumbo cultivars.
Microsatellite primers for the endangered aquatic herb, Ottelia acuminata (Hydrocharitaceae)
Authors: Xu Chao , Du Zhi‐Yuan , Chen Jin‐Ming , Wang Qing‐Feng 
Published: May 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed in the endangered aquatic herb, Ottelia acuminata, to characterize its genetic diversity and understand its population structure.• Methods and Results: Eight polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed from two populations of O. acuminata in China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to 15; the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0 to 0.885 and from 0 to 0.888, respectively, in the two populations. Selected loci also amplified successfully in O. sinensis.• Conclusions: These microsatellite markers will facilitate further studies on the conservation genetics and evolutionary history of O. acuminata.
Les réseaux sur le marché du travail sud-africain
Authors: Ferrant Gaëlle 
Published: May 2012

Résumé	Les interactions sociales au sein des groupes ethniques peuvent expliquer les différences individuelles sur le marché du travail sud-africain : être entouré de pairs employés augmente la probabilité d’être employé et les salaires. Cet effet diffère par un effet de sélection : les femmes et les groupes ethniques discriminés sur le marché du travail bénéficient plus des effets de pairs. Les problèmes d’endogénéité et de simultanéité sont traités en utilisant les données agrégées au niveau de la province puis en instrumentant le réseau. L’importance des interactions sociales sur le marché du travail sud-africain indique qu’un multiplicateur social existe : tout choc serait amplifié avec une élasticité de 0,5.
Une évaluation économique du risque de modèle pour les investisseurs de long terme
Authors: Boucher Christophe , Hamidi Benjamin , Kouontchou Patrick , Maillet Bertrand 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Les récents épisodes de turbulence financière sont venus remettre en cause la précision des mesures classiques de risque pour évaluer les risques extrêmes. Ces mesures de risques, telles que la v a r , sont devenues incontournables dans la gestion des risques et l’allocation d’actifs (Basak et Shapiro [2001] ; Monfort [2008]). Nous estimons le risque de modèle des mesures de risque et nous évaluons son impact sur l’allocation d’actifs optimale à différents horizons. Nos résultats montrent, sur des données longues américaines, une relation en U inversé entre notre mesure du risque de modèle sur les v a r historiques et l’horizon de l’agent représentatif, qui impacte sensiblement son allocation optimale.
Le coup médiatique
Authors: Champagne Patrick 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Contre les approches réalistes et nominalistes , qui ont en commun d’oublier que ce n’est pas à l’analyste de dire ce qu’est et ce que n’est pas un événement, cet article s’attache à montrer que la définition de l’événement est précisément l’enjeu d’une lutte, et que c’est cette lutte qu’il importe de prendre pour objet. Le travail scientifique en la matière consiste alors à prendre en compte l’ensemble des acteurs sociaux qui sont en lutte pour imposer une certaine idée de ce qu’est censé être un événement. En l’occurrence, la notion d’événement est devenue fortement dépendante de l’industrie des médias ; elle est inhérente au fonctionnement même des salles de rédaction au point qu’on ne sait plus très bien si la presse « met en une » les événements qui existent indépendamment des journalistes ou si c’est le fait d’être mis en une qui contribue à faire ce qu’on appelle un événement. Les journalistes en effet ne sont pas de simples intermédiaires se bornant à diffuser et à commenter des événements qui existeraient en soi, en dehors d’eux, et qui seraient aisément saisissables. Ils ont leur propre conception de l’événement qui n’est pas celle de l’historien, de l’homme politique ou du citoyen ordinaire. Ils sont de plus soumis à la pression de ceux qui, parce qu’ils estiment que c’est leur intérêt, veulent que l’on parle d’eux dans les médias, et tentent, avec l’aide de conseillers en communication, de « faire événement ». Cela signifie qu’un journaliste, ou même un journal, ne peuvent pas décider à eux seuls de ce qui doit être considéré comme un « événement » : chacun, dans le champ journalistique, y contribue seulement à la mesure de la position qu’il occupe dans cet espace. Analysant de près comment ont été « faits » plusieurs événements médiatiques récents (campagne contre l’insécurité routière de 2003, l’affaire du RER D en 2004, notamment), cette étude démontre ainsi combien l’événement est le fait d’une construction collective qu’il faut rendre à ses logiques sociales.
Loss of TNF Signaling Facilitates the Development of a Novel Ly-6Clow Macrophage Population Permissive for Leishmania major Infection
Authors: Fromm Phillip D. , Kling Jessica , Mack Matthias , Sedgwick Jonathon D. , Körner Heinrich 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
In the absence of TNF, the normally resistant C57BL/6 (B6.WT) strain develops a fatal, progressive form of leishmaniasis after infection with Leishmania major. It is not yet understood which TNF activity or the lack thereof is responsible for the dramatic progression of leishmaniasis in TNF-negative (B6.TNF−/−) mice. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms resulting in the fatal outcome of L. major infection in this gene-deficient mouse strain, we analyzed the monocytic component of the inflammatory infiltrate in the draining popliteal lymph node and the site of the infection using multicolor flow cytometry. The leukocytic infiltrate within the draining lymph node and footpad of B6.TNF−/− mice resembled that of B6.WT mice over the first 2 wk of cutaneous L. major infection. Thereafter, the B6.TNF−/− mice showed an increase of CD11c+Ly-6C+CCR2+ monocytic dendritic cells within the popliteal lymph node in comparison with B6.WT mice. This increase of inflammatory dendritic cells was paired with the accumulation of a novel CD11b+Ly-6ClowCCR2low population that was not present in B6.WT mice. This B6.TNF−/−- and B6.TNFR1−/−-specific cell population was CD115+Ly-6G−iNOS−, not apoptotic, and harbored large numbers of parasites.
Dimerization of NKp46 Receptor Is Essential for NKp46-Mediated Lysis: Characterization of the Dimerization Site by Epitope Mapping
Authors: Jaron-Mendelson Michal , Yossef Rami , Appel Michael Y. , Zilka Alon , Hadad Uzi , Afergan Fabian , Rosental Benyamin , Engel Stanislav , Nedvetzki Shlomo , Braiman Alex , Porgador Angel 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
NKp46 is a primary activating receptor of NK cells that is involved in lysis of target cells by NK cells. Previous studies showed that the membrane-proximal domain of NKp46 (NKp46D2) retained the binding of NKp46 to its ligands and is involved in lysis. We studied NKp46D2 by using a peptide-based epitope mapping approach and identified an NKp46D2-derived linear epitope that inhibited NKp46-mediated lysis. The epitope, designated as pep4 (aa 136–155), interacted with NKp46, and lysis by NK cells was inhibited by the presence of pep4. Through modeling and mutagenesis, we showed that pep4 could be involved in NKp46 homodimerization. R145 and D147 contribute to the function of pep4, and R145Q mutation in recombinant NKp46 reduced its binding to target cells. At the cellular level, fluorescent resonance energy transfer analysis revealed that pep4 is indeed involved in dimerization of cell membrane-associated NKp46. We suggest that the NKp46-derived pep4 site is part of the dimerization surface of NKp46 and that NKp46 dimerization contributes to NKp46-mediated lysis by NK cells.