bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finitely summable Fredholm modules over higher rank groups and lattices
Authors: Puschnigg Michael 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe give a classification (up to smooth homotopy) of finitely summable Fredholm representations (Fredholm modules) over higher rank groups and lattices. Our results are a direct consequence of work of Bader, Furman, Gelander and Monod on generalizations of Kazhdan's property T for locally compact groups.
ON THE NUMBER OF POINTS OVER FINITE FIELDS ON VARIETIES RELATED TO CLUSTER ALGEBRAS
Authors: CHAPOTON F. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe start here the study of some algebraic varieties related to cluster algebras. These varieties are defined as the fibres of the projection map from the cluster variety to the affine space of coefficients. We compute the number of points over finite fields on these varieties, for all simply laced Dynkin diagrams. We also compute the cohomology with compact support in some cases.
Innovation and productivity in dryland agriculture: a return-risk analysis for Australia
Authors: CARBERRY P. S. , BRUCE S. E. , WALCOTT J. J. , KEATING B. A. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYDespite a highly variable climate and fragile soils, dryland farming systems in Australia continue to be productive and viable. This review nominates the farming practices, and their development through investment in science and technology, that have helped sustain dryland farming systems in Australia. It sets the context for dryland agriculture in Australia and specifically examines the risks and returns from technological innovations over the past 30 years. It then examines possible sources of productivity gains in the next 20 years.Australian dryland farming systems have performed favourably compared to the agricultural sectors in most other countries over the past 30 years. Australian Research, Development and Extension (RD&E) has been a significant contributor to the realized agricultural productivity growth over this period. However, growth in the productivity of agriculture appears to have slowed down in the last 10 years: this is partly a result of extended dry conditions and declining growth in public investment in RD&E. It is reflected in slowing rates of technology adoption on broadacre farms and changes in investment confidence of farm owners.Future productivity gains will require continued strong investment in RD&E to meet current and emerging challenges. Future technologies and policies will help improve productivity by removing inefficiencies, increasing the efficiency of resource use and developing breakthrough innovations.As evidenced by Australia's success in productivity growth, meeting the global challenge to produce more food in the future will depend partly on investments in RD&E, risk management systems, farmer skill and human capital and policies that encourage efficiency gains.
IDEAL VERSUS ACTUAL: THE CONTRADICTION IN NUMBER OF CHILDREN BORN TO NIGERIAN WOMEN
Authors: IBISOMI LATIFAT , GYIMAH STEPHEN , MUINDI KANYIVA , ADJEI JONES 
Published: January 2011

SummaryAlthough desired family size is often different from actual family size, the dynamics of this difference are not well understood. This paper examines the patterns and determinants of the difference between desired and actual number of children (unmet fertility desires) among women aged 15–49 years using pooled data from the 1990, 1999 and 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHSs). The results show that more than two-thirds of the sample have unmet fertility desires (18.1% have more while 52.4% have fewer than desired). It was found that early and late childbearing increased the odds of unmet fertility desires. Also, women with low levels of education, from poor households, rural residents as well as those who had experienced child death were at a higher risk of unmet fertility desires in the multivariate context. The study highlights the policy and programme implications of the findings.
Cloning, expression and characterization of NAD+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of adult Haemonchus contortus†
Authors: Han K. , Xu L. , Yan R. , Song X. , Li X. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) regulates a wide range of biological processes, including pathogen evasion. In the present research, the GAPDH gene of Haemonchus contortus (HcGAPDH) was cloned and characterized. Specific primers for the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) were designed based on the expressed sequence tag (EST, AW670737) to amplify the 3′ and 5′ ends of HcGAPDH. The full length of cDNA from this gene was obtained by overlapping the sequences of 3′ and 5′ extremities and amplification by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The biochemical activities of the recombinant protein HcGAPDH, which was expressed in prokaryotic cells and purified by affinity chromatography, were analysed by assays of enzymatic activity, thermal stability and pH. The results showed that the cloned full-length cDNA comprised 1303 bp and encoded a peptide with 341 amino acid residues which showed sequence similarity to several known GAPDHs. The biochemical assay showed that the protein encoded by the HcGAPDH exhibited enzymatic activity with NAD+ as a cofactor. HcGAPDH was stable between pH 5 and 9 and maintained activity at high temperatures of up to 75°C. The natural GAPDH of Haemonchus contortus detected by immunoblot assay was approximately 38 kDa in size, and the recombinant HcGAPDH was recognized strongly by serum from naturally infected goats.
Non-suicidal self-injury in United States adults: prevalence, sociodemographics, topography and functions
Authors: Klonsky E. D. 
Published: January 2011

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has received increased attention in the mental health literature and has been proposed as a diagnostic entity for DSM-5. However, data on NSSI in the United States adult population are lacking.MethodThe prevalence and nature of NSSI were examined in a random-digit dialing sample of 439 adults in the United States. Participants were recruited during July and August of 2008.ResultsLifetime prevalence of NSSI was 5.9%, including 2.7% who had self-injured five or more times. The 12-month prevalence was 0.9%. Methods of NSSI reported included cutting/carving, burning, biting, scraping/scratching skin, hitting, interfering with wound healing and skin picking. Half of self-injurers reported multiple methods. The average age of onset was 16 years (median 14 years). Instances of NSSI infrequently co-occurred with suicidal thoughts and with use of alcohol or drugs and rarely required medical treatment. Most injurers reported that NSSI functioned to alleviate negative emotions. Fewer reported that they self-injured to punish themselves, to communicate with others/get attention or to escape a situation or responsibility. NSSI was associated with younger age, being unmarried and a history of mental health treatment, but not with gender, ethnicity, educational history or household income.ConclusionsResults are largely consistent with previous research in adolescent and young adult samples. Study limitations notwithstanding, this study provides the most definitive and detailed information to date regarding the prevalence and characteristics of NSSI in US adults. In the future, it will be important for large-scale epidemiological studies of psychopathology to include questions about NSSI.
Exploring the conceptual and semantic structure of human kinship: An experimental investigation of Chinese kin terms
Authors: Liu Chao , Ge Yue , Mai Xiaoqin , Luo Yue-Jia 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe designed an experiment to test the application of optimality theory (OT) in kinship terminology studies. Specifically, we examined the OT constraints within a set of behavioral data using Chinese kin terms. The results from this behavioral approach support and extend Jones' linguistic approach by identifying underlying cognitive mechanisms that can explain and predict behavioral responses in kinship identification.
Foreign intervention and warfare in civil wars
Authors: LOCKYER ADAM 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article explains how foreign assistance to one or both sides in a civil war influences the dynamics of the conflict. It submits that external assistance has the potential of affecting the military capabilities available to the belligerents. It then argues that the balance of those capabilities impacts significantly on whether the warfare in a civil war assumes a conventional, guerrilla or irregular form. These theoretical assertions are tested against the case of the Angolan Civil War. It is shown that during that war, variations in the form of warfare correlated closely to the type, degree, and direction of foreign intervention given to each of the belligerents.
‘Freedom’ through repression: epistemic closure in agricultural trade negotiations
Authors: GRUIN JULIAN 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA central concern of critical theory is that of how the forces of Modern reason cause certain logics to become reified in the name of rational progress. Two such logics – the ongoing spread of liberal capitalism, and territorial particularism – are simultaneously embodied within social institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) that regulate the global economy, a phenomenon that occurs on the premise of maximising global welfare. Building upon a critical reading of Jürgen Habermas' theory of communicative action, this article undertakes an empirical immanent critique of the extent to which such logics repress the possibility of normative imperatives being considered within agricultural trade negotiations. Specifically, it argues that the dialectic of functionalist and communicative rationality, operating as a theoretical heuristic, reveals that the DDA is susceptible to an ethical indictment that arises from its inability to countenance the alternatives to the dual logics of neo-liberalism and state-interest that could otherwise emerge from a free and rational discussion. The nature of the WTO as a site of social action is revealed to be that of a closed epistemic community in which important normative claims are repressed, and as such, one in which the underlying rational bases for communication are fundamentally distorted.
Automatic feature recognition using artificial neural networks to integrate design and manufacturing: Review of automatic feature recognition systems
Authors: Babić Bojan R. , Nešić Nenad , Miljković Zoran 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFeature technology is considered an essential tool for integrating design and manufacturing. Automatic feature recognition (AFR) has provided the greatest contribution to fully automated computer-aided process planning system development. The objective of this paper is to review approaches based on application of artificial neural networks for solving major AFR problems. The analysis presented in this paper shows which approaches are suitable for different individual applications and how far away we are from the formation of a general AFR algorithm.
A clinical specimen collection and transport medium for molecular diagnostic and genomic applications
Authors: DAUM L. T. , WORTHY S. A. , YIM K. C. , NOGUERAS M. , SCHUMAN R. F. , CHOI Y. W. , FISCHER G. W. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYPathogen detection and genetic characterization has dramatically changed in recent years. Clinical laboratories are transitioning from traditional culture and primer-specific sequencing to more robust and rapid nucleic acid testing such as real-time PCR and meta-genomic characterization, respectively. Specimen collection is the first step in any downstream molecular diagnostic procedure. PrimeStore Molecular Transport Medium (MTM) is an optimized blend of nucleic acid stabilizing reagents that includes a non-specific internal positive control that can be amplified using real-time RT–PCR for tracking the integrity of a specimen from the point of collection to detection. PrimeStore MTM is shown here to effectively kill pathogens, including highly pathogenic H5 influenza virus, inactivate nucleases and to protect and preserve released RNA at ambient temperature for up to 30 days for downstream real-time and traditional RT–PCR detection and genetic characterization. PrimeStore MTM is also compatible with a variety of commercial extraction kits. PrimeStore is suited for routine clinical specimens and has added utility for field collection in remote areas, triage centres, border crossings and during pandemics where cold-chain, transport, and dissemination of potentially infectious pathogens are a concern.
Risk factors for symptomatic and asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community
Authors: PHILLIPS G. , TAM C. C. , RODRIGUES L. C. , LOPMAN B. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to investigate risk factors for norovirus-associated infectious intestinal disease (IID) and asymptomatic norovirus infection. Individuals with IID and healthy controls were recruited in a community-based study in England (1993–1996). This is the first risk-factor study to use viral load measurements, generated by real-time RT–PCR, to identify cases of norovirus-associated IID and asymptomatic infections. Using multivariable logistic regression the main risk factor identified for norovirus-associated IID was contact with a person with IID symptoms. Infectious contacts accounted for 54% of norovirus cases in young children and 39% of norovirus cases in older children and adults. For young children, contacts outside the household presented the highest risk; for older children and adults, the highest risk was associated with child contacts inside the household. Foreign travel and consumption of shellfish increased the risk of norovirus-associated IID. Lifestyle and dietary factors were associated with a decreased risk of both norovirus-associated IID and asymptomatic infection. No risk factors were identified for asymptomatic norovirus infection.
Neuropsychological Clustering Highlights Cognitive Differences In Young People Presenting With Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Hermens Daniel F. , Redoblado Hodge M. Antoinette , Naismith Sharon L. , Kaur Manreena , Scott Elizabeth , Hickie Ian B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEarly stages of affective or psychotic disorders may be accompanied by neuropsychological changes that help to predict risk of developing more severe disorders. A comprehensive set of neuropsychological measures was collected in 109 help-seeking young people (16 to 30 years; 54 females), recently diagnosed with an affective or psychotic disorder and presenting with current depression. Hierarchical cluster analysis determined three clusters: one deemed to have a “poor memory” profile (n= 40); another with a “poor mental flexibility” profile (n= 38) and a third with widespread difficulties plus “impaired attention and memory” (n= 31). In general, the three clusters were comparable in demographic, functional and clinical factors suggesting some unique role for neurocognitive impairments. A discriminant function analysis confirmed that the clusters were best characterized by performance in “attentional”versus“learning/memory” measures. Furthermore, profiles of independent neuropsychological variables validated the original solution for two of the clusters, distinguishing all cluster-groups on an attentional measure. The findings of this study suggest that despite presenting with very similar levels of current depressive symptomatology, young help-seeking individuals in the early stages of illness have underlying neuropsychological heterogeneity. Distinct neuropsychological profiling may help to predict later psychiatric outcomes and enhance individually-tailored early intervention strategies. (JINS, 2011,17, 267–276)
Cognitive and Functional Outcome After Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Alexander Michael P. , Lafleche Ginette , Schnyer David , Lim Chun , Verfaellie Mieke 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe nature of residual cognitive deficits after out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is incompletely described and has never been defined against a cardiac control (CC) group. The objective of this study is to examine neuropsychological outcomes 3 months after OHCA in patients in a “middle range” of acute severity. Thirty prospective OHCA admissions with coma >1 day and responsive but confused at 1 week, and 30 non-OHCA coronary care admissions were administered standard tests in five cognitive domains. OHCA subjects fell into two deficit profiles. One group (N= 20) had mild memory deficits and borderline psychomotor deficits compared to the CC group; 40% had returned to work. The other group (N= 10) had severe impairments in all domains. Coma duration was associated with group. Neither group had a high prevalence of depression. For most patients within the “middle range” of acute severity of OHCA, cognitive and functional outcomes at 3 months were encouraging. (JINS, 2011,17, 364–368)
Schoolchildren in the Principality of Liechtenstein are mildly iodine deficient
Authors: Hilty Florentine M , Zimmermann Michael B 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the iodine status of schoolchildren in the Principality of Liechtenstein.DesignA representative, cross-sectional principality-wide screening of iodine level in household salt and urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) in primary-school children. Data were compared with the WHO criteria and with 2009 iodine survey data from Switzerland, a neighbouring country that supplies most of the salt used in Liechtenstein.SettingsPrincipality of Liechtenstein.SubjectsSchoolchildren (n228) aged 6–12 years from five different primary schools representing 11·4 % of the children at this age.ResultsThe median UIC was 96 (range: 10–446) μg/l; 11 %, 56 % and 1 % of children had a UIC <50, <100 and >300 μg/l, respectively. In all, 79 % of households were using adequately iodised salt (≥15 ppm). The median UIC was 20 % lower than that in children at comparable age in Switzerland (120 μg/l;P< 0·05).ConclusionsAccording to the WHO criteria, schoolchildren in Liechtenstein are mildly iodine deficient and household iodised salt coverage is inadequate. Public health measures to increase iodine intakes in the Principality should be considered.
Applying of novel subtracted method Genetically Directed Differential Subtraction Chain (GDDSC) in plant genomes
Authors: Siedlecka Ewa , Hromada-Judycka Aneta , Pawełkowicz Magdalena , Wóycicki Rafał , Rakoczy-Trojanowska Monika , Przybecki Zbigniew 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe present a simple subtraction procedure of GDDSC as a modification of the original DSC and GDRDA methods. Genetically Directed Differential Subtraction Chain (GDDSC) is a process by which highly related genomes are compared in order to isolate tags carrying the polymorphisms.To detect specific DNA fragment (tag), we can then monitor offspring plants for efficient molecular breeding. The GDDSC protocol was applied to isolation of new sex related clones from cucumber plants (Cucumissativus L.) and new tissue culture response clones from rye (Secalecereale L.). The newly identified tags, obtained by GDDSC represent pools of candidate genes and other sequences, which could serve as potential markers for requested traits.
Gas phase enthalpies of formation for aminonitroacetylene, aminonitromethane, and diaminodinitromethane: A Gaussian-4 (G4) theoretical study
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGas phase (298.15 K, 1 atm) enthalpies of formation were calculated at the Gaussian-4 (G4) level of theory using the atomization energy approach for the proposed high energy materials aminonitroacetylene (284.0 to 285.7 kJ/mol), aminonitromethane (-66.4 to -65.0 kJ/mol), and diaminodinitromethane (-84.0 to -81.6 kJ/mol). The results are in good agreement with prior G2 and G3 level estimates, and should help constrain the actual enthalpies of formation for these potential HEMs.
Wittgenstein, Translation, and Semiotics
Authors: Gorlée Dinda L. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Wittgenstein discusses interlingual and intersemiotic translation, both in its own right and, more often, as an object of comparison. In his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922), he puts forth a pictorial view which can be construed in Saussurian terms. This rule-governed notion of translation is, in Wittgenstein's later work, dynamized and based upon the use of signs. Translation is one of the language-games in Philosophical Investigations (1953). Wittgenstein's language-game of translation approaches Peirce's semiosis. Language-games are thirds which, in their nonverbal aspects, also partake of secondness and firstness. The language-game of translation occurs, at least theoretically, in three stages corresponding to the three logical interpretants.
Translation and Original
Authors: Leuven-Zwart Kitty M. van 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article presents a method for the establishment and description of shifts in integral translations of narrative texts. The method is based on the premise that both micro- and macrostructural shifts in translation can furnish indications of the translational norms adopted by the translator, his interpretation of the original text and the strategy applied during the process of translation. Further it is based on the assumption that research on the nature and frequency of microstructural shifts must precede research on macrostructural ones, in order to guarantee that findings are verifiable and the study repeatable. Thus, the method developed consists of two components: acomparativeand adescriptivemodel. The comparative model is designed for the classification of microstructural shifts, i.e. semantic, stylistic and pragmatic shifts within sentences, clauses and phrases. The descriptive model focuses on the effects of microstructural shifts on the macrostructural level. With the aid of this model shifts with respect to characters, events, time, place and other meaningful components of the text can be determined and described.
From Translation Markets to Language Management
Authors: Hermans Johan , Lambert José 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe fact that the position of "business translation" within Translation Studies remains unclear is probably symptomatic of the discipline as a whole. In this article, business translation is approached from a new point of view; namely, that of social organization and management in business environments. The situation under observation—the "translation market" in Belgium—is limited, and does not warrant any general conclusions. However, the rather predictable findings concerning the peripheral position of translation and translators in business life seem to indicate that it is not translation as such which is at stake here, but more general views on language, discourse and communication.
What Is a Translating Translator Doing?
Authors: Mossop Brian 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Translating is here defined as the quoting, in sequential chunks, of the wording of a written, oral or signed text, with an imitative purpose. These features distinguish it from other sorts of language activity—intralingual paraphrasing, re-expressing of ideas, fictive quoting, speaking from a script, ghostwriting—and thus provide an object for a theory of translation production. The defining feature 'quoting ' is taken to involve demonstrating to someone selected features of the source text. Thus the translational quoter is engaged in a dual activity: quoting OF the source text (rendering work) and quoting TO the readers or listeners (pragmatic work). The texts commonly called translations arise from some combination of rendering, pragmatic and non-translational work.