bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of alkali‐soluble photosensitive polysiloxane urethane acrylate
Authors: Sun Fang , Liao Bo , Zhang Lu , Du Hong‐Guang , Huang Yue‐Dong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA novel alkali‐soluble photosensitive polysiloxane urethane acrylate (APSUA) was synthesized via reacting bifunctional isocyanate with three kinds of hydroxyl group respectively, from hydroxyl silicone oil, dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), and a compound which also has acrylate groups. The compound was prepared via reacting acrylic acid with N,N,N′,N′‐tetraglycidyl ‐4,4′‐diamino diphenyl methane (AG‐80). The optimum temperature for the synthesis reaction of APSUA was found to be 50°C. The structure of the oligomer was characterized by IR, 1HNMR, and GPC. The number‐average molecular weight of the APSUA was 7795. The APSUA possesses excellent compatibility with most of acrylate monomers. The effect of concentration of photoinitiator and monomers on the photopolymerization kinetics of the oligomer APSUA was investigated by real‐time infrared spectroscopy (RT‐IR). The results show that APSUA can well photopolymerize under UV‐irradiation. The optimal concentration of photoinitiator (Darocur 1173) was determined as 0.1 wt %. The system of APSUA with DPGDA monomer has higher polymerization rate (0.0521 s−1) and higher double bond conversion (93.2%), respectively. The APSUA system with acrylate monomers can form regular image under UV‐irradiation through a patterned mask. The cured coating film of the APSUA system possesses excellent flexibility, toughness and heat resistance. The APSUA system can dissolve in 1% sodium carbonate solution easily and completely. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Application of different methods for the thermogravimetric analysis of polyethylene samples
Authors: Baloch Musa Kaleem , Khurram Malik Jehan Zeb , Durrani Gulrez Fatima 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe kinetics of thermal degradation of standard and commercial polyethylene (PE) samples is investigated, by employing different methods like Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa, Coats‐Redfern, Kissinger, and Augis‐Bennett. The order of reaction obtained was 0.741 and 1.124 for standard and commercial samples, respectively. The activation energy obtained in this way was 279.6–311.0 kJ/mol and 300.5–374.1 kJ/mol for standard and commercial samples, respectively, depending upon the method used. The activation energy obtained by different methods decreases in the order Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa» Augis and Bennett» Kissinger» Coats and Redfern. It is observed that most of the methods deviated from the experimental results, in low (0.1–0.3) degree of conversion region but worked well in the middle (0.5–0.7) degree of conversion region. It has also been noticed that both the order and activation energy were slightly dependent over the heating rate and degree of conversion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Extraction and characterization of lignins from maize stem and sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Feng , Wang Haihong , Zhang Guangcheng , Fowler Paul , Rajaratnam Mohanathas 
Published: February 2011

AbstractLignins were isolated from maize stem and sugarcane bagasse by using mild dioxane or acidic dioxane solution. The result of nitrobenzene oxidation of the isolated lignins shows that there is a high proportion of p‐hydroxyphenyl alcohol in the lignins of maize stem and sugarcane bagasse. The lignins isolated from maize stem and sugarcane bagasse have relatively same value of the weight‐average (Mw = 3405–3868 g mol−1) and number‐average (Mn = 1411–1612 g mol−1) molecular weights, and polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 2.24–2.51). Acidic dioxane treatment did attack the β‐aryl ether structures in lignins, in particular for β‐aryl syringyl ethers, and broke the ester bonds between arabinose and ferulic acid that etherified to lignins, and it also cleaved lots of bonds in hemicellulosic polymer. The proportion of β‐O‐4 (threo) guaiacyl units is higher than that of β‐O‐4 (erthreo) guaiacyl units. The phenyl glycoside and benzyl ether linkages between lignin and hemicelluloses are also demonstrated in NMR analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Optimizing color fading effect of cotton denim fabric by enzyme treatment
Authors: Kan C. W. , Yuen C. W. M. , Wong W. Y. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this article, the effect of enzyme treatment using neutral cellulase on the color fading property of cotton denim fabric was studied. Four enzyme processing parameters namely treatment temperature, treatment time, pH value, and agitation were considered. To investigate the optimum condition for the enzyme treatment, an orthogonal analysis was used and, based on the K/S summation value (K/S Sum), the optimum condition for enzyme treatment in this study was treatment temperature = 50°C; treatment time = 30 min; pH value = 8; and agitation = 50 steel balls (simulated mild agitation) for the best color fading achievement with desired worn and aged effect. Meanwhile, the level of importance based on the orthogonal analysis was in the order: treatment temperature > treatment time > agitation > pH and the effect of each processing factors was also discussed. In addition, other properties like CIE Lab values, weight loss, and color fastness to laundering and crocking were also evaluated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Silica‐modified SBR/BR blends
Authors: Wu Weili , Chen Dajun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this article is that the silica‐modified SBR/BR blend replaces natural rubber (NR) in some application fields. The styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) and cis‐butadiene rubber (BR) blend was modified, in which silica filler was treated with the r‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH‐550) as a coupling agent, to improve mechanical and thermal properties, and compatibilities. The optimum formula and cure condition were determined by testing the properties of SBR/BR blend. The properties of NR and the silica‐modified SBR/BR blend were compared. The results show that the optimum formulawas 80/20 SBR/BR, 2.5 phr dicumyl peroxide (DCP), 45 phr silica and 2.5 mL KH‐550. The best cure condition was at 150°C for 25 min under 10 MPa. The mechanical and thermal properties of SBR/BR blend were obviously modified, in which the silica filler treated with KH‐550. The compatibility of SBR/BR blend with DCP was better than those with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and DCP/BPO. The crosslinking bonds between modified silica and rubbers were proved by Fourier transform infrared analysis, and the compatibility of SBR and BR was proved by polarized light microscopy (PLM) analysis. The silica‐modified SBR/BR blend can substitute for NR in the specific application fields. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Ultrasonic degradation of polyvinyl pyrrolidone in mixed water/acetone
Authors: Mehrdad Abbas 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe ultrasonic degradation of polyvinyl pyrrolidone solutions was carried out in mixtures water and acetone at 25°C to investigate the effect of solvent composition and solution concentration on the rate of degradation. The obtained limiting molecular weights indicate that the extent of degradation was decreased by increasing acetone volume fraction and solution concentration. The obtained limiting molecular weights were correlated in terms of concentration and acetone volume fraction. The calculated rate constants indicate that the rate of degradation was decreased by increasing acetone volume fraction and solution concentration. The calculated rate constants were correlated in terms of concentration, acetone volume fraction and molecular weight of polymer. This degradation behavior was interpreted in terms of vapor pressure of mixtures water and acetone, viscosity and concentration of polymer solutions. Vapor pressure of mixtures water and acetone were increased by increasing acetone volume fraction, and so the vapor easily entered the cavitation bubbles during their growth. This caused a reduction in collapsing shock because of a cushioning effect; therefore, the rate of degradation decreased. As the solution concentration increased, the viscosity increased and caused a reduction in the cavitation efficiency, and so the rate of degradation is decreased. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Influence of corona treatment on adhesion and mechanical properties in metal/polymer/metal systems
Authors: Carradò A. , Sokolova O. , Donnio B. , Palkowski H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe effect of corona treatment (CT) on the adhesion at the metal–polymer interface was studied. Metal/polymer/metal laminates were manufactured by the laboratory roll‐bonding process with preliminary corona surface treatment of the polymer core: a polyethylene and polypropylene sheet as well as steel sheet. It was treated with corona discharge to increase its surface energy and the adhesion to metal, an austenitic steel. The adhesion, which was measured by T‐peel and shear tests, was increased by 43% of crack peel and 22% of mean peel resistance respectively, after 120 s CT. On the basis of scanning electron spectroscopy observations, improvements in the adhesive properties were attributed to the change in the interfacial morphology. In mechanical tests, yield and tensile strengths were strongly influenced by CT, indicating that these laminates were sensitive to interfacial phenomena. However, elongation at rupture of the composites was found to be unchanged. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Effect of hydrogen bonding on characterization of polyamide 612 and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer blends
Authors: Cui Li , Wang Zhi‐Chao , Zhu Ping , Yeh Jen‐Taut 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHydrogen bonding interaction in the blends of polyamide 612 (PA612)/ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) and the effect of the hydrogen bonds on the characterization of PA612/EVOH were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) analysis indicated that the interactions between the carbonyl groups of PA612 and hydroxyl groups of EVOH increase as the content of EVOH in PA612/EVOH specimens increase. This interaction between PA612 and EVOH leads to their miscibility to some extent in the amorphous region and even some effects on their crystal phase, respectively. Further isothermal crystallization behavior of PA612/EVOH indicates that the hydrogen bonding between PA612 and EVOH leading difficulty in crystallization of PA612. Several kinetics equations are employed to describe the effects of EVOH on the crystallization properties of PA612 in PA612/EVOH blends in detail. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Pharmacological Evaluation of Halogenated and Non‐halogenated Arylpiperazin‐1‐yl‐ethyl‐benzimidazoles as D2 and 5‐HT2A Receptor Ligands
Authors: Tomić Mirko , Vasković Djurdjica , Tovilović Gordana , Andrić Deana , Penjišević Jelena , Kostić‐Rajačić Sladjana 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFive groups of previously synthesized and initially screened non‐substituted and 4‐halogenated arylpiperazin‐1‐yl‐ethyl‐benzimidazoles were estimated for their in‐vitro binding affinities at the rat D2, 5‐HT2A, and α1‐adrenergic receptors. Among all these compounds, 2‐methoxyphenyl and 2‐chlorophenyl piperazines demonstrate the highest affinities for the tested receptors. The effects of 4‐halogenation of benzimidazoles reveal that substitution with bromine may greatly increase the affinity of the compounds for the studied receptors, while the effect of substitution with chlorine is less remarkable. Most of the tested components show 5‐HT2A/D2 pKi binding ratios slightly above or less than 1, while only 4‐chloro‐6‐(2‐{4‐[3‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin‐1‐yl}ethyl)‐1H‐benzimidazole expresses an appropriate higher binding ratio (1.14), which was indicated for atypical neuroleptics. This compound exhibits a non‐cataleptic action in rats and prevents d‐amphetamine‐induced hyperlocomotion in mice, which suggest its atypical antipsychotic potency.
The Design and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Some 1‐Aryl‐3‐isopropylamino‐1‐propanone Hydrochlorides towards Human Huh‐7 Hepatoma Cells
Authors: Mete Ebru , Gul H. Inci , Cetin‐Atalay Rengul , Das Umashankar , Sahin Ertan , Gul Mustafa , Kazaz Cavit , Dimmock Jonathan R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA series of 1‐aryl‐3‐isopropylamino‐1‐propanone hydrochlorides 1 and a related heterocyclic analog 2 as candidate antineoplastic agents were prepared and the rationale for designing these compounds is presented. A specific objective in this study is the discovery of novel compounds possessing growth‐inhibiting properties of hepatoma cells. The compounds in series 1 and 2 were prepared and their structures established unequivocally. X‐ray crystallography of two representative compounds 1d and 1g were achieved. Over half of the compounds are more potent than 5‐fluorouracil which is an established drug used in treating liver cancers. QSAR evaluations and molecular modeling studies were undertaken with a view to detecting some physicochemical parameters which govern cytotoxic potencies. A number of guidelines for amplification of the project have been formulated.
Essential role of microRNA‐155 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis in mice
Authors: Blüml Stephan , Bonelli Michael , Niederreiter Birgit , Puchner Antonia , Mayr Georg , Hayer Silvia , Koenders Marije I. , van den Berg Wim B. , Smolen Josef , Redlich Kurt 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveMicroRNAs (miRNA) are a new class of regulatory elements. Altered expression of miRNA has been demonstrated in the inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to examine the role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis, using 2 murine models.MethodsCollagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) and K/BxN serum‐transfer arthritis were induced in wild‐type (WT) and miR‐155–deficient (miR‐155−/−) mice. The severity of arthritis was determined clinically and histologically. Anticollagen antibodies and cytokines were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The cellular composition of the draining lymph nodes after induction of CIA was measured by flow cytometry.ResultsThe miR‐155−/− mice did not develop CIA. Deficiency in miR‐155 prevented the generation of pathogenic autoreactive B and T cells, since anticollagen antibodies and the expression levels of antigen‐specific T cells were strongly reduced in miR‐155−/− mice. Moreover, Th17 polarization of miR‐155−/− mouse T cells was impaired, as shown by a significant decrease in the levels of interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) and IL‐22. In the K/BxN serum‐transfer arthritis model, which only depends on innate effector mechanisms, miR‐155−/− mice showed significantly reduced local bone destruction, attributed to reduced generation of osteoclasts, although the severity of joint inflammation was similar to that in WT mice.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that miR‐155 is essentially involved in the adaptive and innate immune reactions leading to autoimmune arthritis, and therefore miR‐155 might provide a novel target for the treatment of patients with RA.
A detailed comparative study of high‐resolution ultrasound and micro–computed tomography for detection of arthritic bone erosions
Authors: Finzel Stephanie , Ohrndorf Sarah , Englbrecht Matthias , Stach Christian , Messerschmidt Janin , Schett Georg , Backhaus Marina 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo test whether bony lesions appearing on ultrasound (US) imaging are cortical breaks detectable by micro–computed tomography (micro‐CT).MethodsTwenty‐six subjects (14 with rheumatoid arthritis, 6 with psoriatic arthritis, and 6 healthy controls) were assessed for bone erosions at the radial, palmar, and dorsal regions of the second metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint and the palmar and dorsal regions of the third and fourth MCP joints. All patients underwent US and, for validation of the results, micro‐CT scanning. The prevalence and severity of bone erosions as determined by US and by micro‐CT were recorded and compared.ResultsOverall there was a good correlation between the severity of erosions as assessed by US and by micro‐CT (r = 0.463, P < 0.0001). False‐negative results (US negative/micro‐CT positive) were obtained in only 9.9% of the joint regions and were mostly due to small erosive lesions at the dorsal sides of the MCP joints. False‐positive results (US positive/micro‐CT negative) were more frequent (28.6%) and were primarily based on vascular bone channels at the palmar sides of the MCP joints as well pseudo‐erosions created by osteophytes.ConclusionThese data show that the majority of bone lesions appearing on US are indeed bone erosions with a cortical break. The sensitivity of US for detecting bone erosions was high and there was a good correlation between the severity of bone erosions as assessed by US and as assessed by micro‐CT. Specificity of US for bone erosions was substantially lower, suggesting that smaller lesions seen on US do not always represent breaks in the cortical bone surface.
Concurrent climate impacts of tropical South America land‐cover change
Authors: Hirota Marina , Oyama Marcos Daisuke , Nobre Carlos 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe climatic effects of concurrent land‐cover changes in Amazonia and Northeast Brazil (NEB) were evaluated by simulations using the Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies Atmospheric General Circulation Model (CPTEC‐AGCM). Three experiments were performed: Amazon savannization, NEB desertification and both land‐cover changes occurring concurrently. We found that land‐cover change from adjacent areas do affect both Amazon and NEB regions and that the negative precipitation anomaly in NEB due to concurrent land‐cover changes in Amazon and NEB is weaker than the linear addition of the anomalies considering the land‐cover changes separately (synergistic behaviour). A simple mechanism was proposed to explain this behaviour. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Sensitivity of the mid‐winter Arctic stratosphere to QBO width in a simplified chemistry–climate model
Authors: Hurwitz M. M. , Braesicke P. , Pyle J. A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study is the first to assess the sensitivity of the mid‐winter Arctic stratosphere to variability in the width of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO). Differences between a pair of idealised simulations with a simplified chemistry–climate model are examined. The width of the QBO appears to have equal influence on the Arctic stratosphere as does the phase (i.e. the Holton‐Tan mechanism). In the model, a wider QBO acts like a preferential shift towards the easterly phase of the QBO. That is, on average, a wider QBO is associated with a weaker Arctic vortex and with enhanced total ozone at high latitudes. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
New measures of the orientation of the linear structure in the sunward hemisphere of the coma of Comet 19P/Borrelly: apparitions of 1994, 2001, and 2008
Authors: Pansecchi L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sky‐projected orientation (position angle) of the axis (line of maximum density or maximum brightness) of the long time‐known, linear structure (LS) in the sunward hemisphere of the coma of Comet 19P/Borrelly is measured on 45 photographs taken by different observers under different projection conditions and covering three consecutive apparitions (1994, 2001, and 2008) for a total time interval of 5174 days. The analysis of the results by a tomographic approach yields an LS axis constantly oriented towards a fixed point in the space, at Right Ascension 214°.4 ± 0°.5 and Declination –7°.0 ± 0°.5 (J2000), corresponding to an obliquity of 103°.5 ± 1° and an orbital longitude of 147°.2 ± 1°, throughout the relevant interval. Such coordinates are close to the ones found by other authors for the spatial orientation of the nucleus spin axis during the apparitions of 1994 and 2001. In the hypothesis of an LS orientation aligned with the nucleus spin axis, the new results confirm the previous ones and show that this orientation remained unchanged during the subsequent 2008 apparition (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The shapes of light curves of Mira‐type variables
Authors: Lebzelter T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractUsing a sample of 454 Mira light curves from the ASAS survey we study the shape of the light variations in this kind of variable stars. Opposite to earlier studies, we choose a general approach to identify any deviation from a sinusoidal light change. We find that about 30% of the studied light curves show a significant deviation from the sinusoidal reference shape. Among these stars two characteristic light curve shapes of comparable frequency could be identified. Some hint for a connection between atmospheric chemistry and light curve shape was found, but beside that no or only very weak relations between light curve shape and other stellar parameters seem to exist (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hα observations with DEFPOS
Authors: Sahan M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA 7.5 cm, dual étalon Fabry‐Pérot spectrometer called DEFPOS has been set up at Coudé focus of 150 cm RTT150 telescope at TUBITAK National Observatory (TUG, Antalya, Turkey) to investigate the physical properties of Diffuse Ionized Gas (DIG) in our Galaxy. The spectrometer, having a 4 arcmin circular field of view over a 200 km s–1 (4.4 Å) spectral window near Hα, has been used to observe H II regions and Planetary Nebulae (PNe) since May 2007 (Sahan et al. 2009). Early observations have been analyzed and physical and kinematic properties such as the intensity, the line width, and the LSR velocity are presented here. These values are compared with earlier results from different studies. In this study, I discuss some results obtained by DEFPOS, including two H II regions (Sh2‐156, Sh2‐157), and two PNe (NGC 1360, and NGC 6826). The Intensities, the radial velocities and the line widths of the Hα emission line vary from 101.4R to 149.97R (1 Rayleigh =106/4π photons cm–2 sr–1 s–1 = 2.41 × 10–7 erg cm–2 s–1 sr–1 at Hα), –41.19 km s–1 to +8.34 km s–1, and 39.55 km s–1 to 58.23 km s–1, respectively (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the CH B‐X (1, 0) band in translucent clouds
Authors: T.  , Weselak  , Galazutdinov G. , Beletsky Y. , Krełowski J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe present observations of CH B‐X (1, 0) band toward 13 translucent sightlines. The given precise positions (at 3627.403, 3633.289, 3636.222 Å) are derived by means of shifting our spectra to the rest velocity frame using B‐X (0, 0) features (at 3878, 3886 and 3890 Å). The proposed oscillator strengths (equal to 0.00035, 0.00104, 0.00069, respectively) are based on f ‐values of the CH B‐X (0, 0) system, i.e. 0.00110, 0.00320, 0.00210 (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A web‐tool for population synthesis of near‐by cooling neutron stars: An on‐line test for cooling curves
Authors: Boldin P.A. , Popov S.B. , Tetzlaff N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe present a new web‐tool – Net‐PSICoNS – for population synthesis of isolated near‐by cooling neutron stars (NSs). The main aim is to provide an easy test of models of the NS thermal evolution which can be used by groups studying this subject. A user can upload cooling curves for a set of masses, modify the mass spectrum if necessary, change radii to fit the EoS used for cooling curve calculations, and then a population synthesis of close‐by isolated cooling NSs is performed. The output includes the log N ‐log S distribution confronted with the ROSAT observations and several other sets of data. In this paper, we summarize the idea of the test proposed by Popov et al. (2006), and present a user's manual for the web‐tool (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)