bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiology of HCV genotypes among injection drug users in Taiwan: Full‐length sequences of two new subtype 6w strains and a recombinant form_2b6w
Authors: Lee Yuan‐Ming , Lin Huang‐Jie , Chen Yen‐Ju , Lee Cheng‐Ming , Wang Sheng‐Fan , Chang Kai‐Yuan , Chen Tzu‐Lang , Liu Hsin‐Fu , Chen Yi‐Ming Arthur 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) circulating recombinant form (CRF) 07_BC strain has caused serious outbreaks among injection drug users in Taiwan since 2004. The objective of this study was to conduct a molecular epidemiological study of HCV genotypes in intravenous drug users in Taiwan. Blood samples and questionnaires from 591 intravenous drug users infected with HIV‐1 were collected nationwide. In total, 180 samples were selected for HCV genotyping using multiplex PCR and phylogenetic analysis of the core, E1 and NS5B regions. The Inno‐Lipa assay was used to confirm multiple infections with different genotypes. Eighty percent had a single infection with subtype 1b being the most common subtype (24%), 12% had double infections and two had triple infections. In addition, three recombinant forms (RFs)‐2a1a, 3a1b, and 2b6w were identified. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the 3a, 6a, and 6n strains were clustered with strains present in Thailand and mainland China. Full‐length sequence analysis showed that two 6w strains shared 89.4–90.2% sequence homology with the 6(r) strain from the Guangdong Province, China. Bootscan analysis revealed that the recombination breakpoint of RF_2b6w was located at the NS2‐NS3 junction. In summary, the distribution of HCV genotypes among Taiwanese intravenous drug users was complex and more than 12% of the drug users were infected with more than one genotype of HCV. J. Med. Virol. 82:57–68, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of KI and WU polyomaviruses in infants with acute respiratory disease and in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Debiaggi Maurizia , Canducci Filippo , Brerra Roberto , Sampaolo Michela , Marinozzi Maria Chiara , Parea Maurizio , Arghittu Milena , Alessandrino Emilio Paolo , Nava Stefano , Nucleo Elisabetta , Romero Egidio , Clementi Massimo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPolyomaviruses KI (KIPyV) and WU (WUPyV) were described recently in children with acute respiratory disease. The pathogenic potential of these human viruses has not been determined completely, but a correlation between immunosuppression and virus reactivation has been suggested. In the present study, the association between KI/WUPyV infection and immunosuppression was investigated using sequential nasopharyngeal aspirates from asymptomatic adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. In parallel, an investigation on the WU/KIPyV prevalence in children with acute respiratory disease was also carried out. Two of the 126 samples obtained from the 31 hematopoietic transplant recipients were positive for KIPyV (1 sample, 0.79%) and WUPyV (1 sample, 0.79%). Both samples were obtained 15 days after allogeneic transplantation and virus persistence was not observed in subsequent samples. In symptomatic children, 7 of the 486 nasopharyngeal aspirates were positive for WUPyV (1.4%) and 1 for KIPyV (0.2%). Single polyomavirus infection was detected in four patients, whereas the remaining patients were co‐infected with respiratory syncityal virus (three patients) or adenovirus (one patient). The results suggest that WU/KIPyVs have a limited circulation in Italy and a low pathogenic potential in young children. Brief and asymptomatic infection can occur in hematopoietic transplant recipients. J. Med. Virol. 82:153–156, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of the HBx oncoprotein in carbonic anhydrase 9 induction
Authors: Holotnakova Tereza , Tylkova Lucia , Takacova Martina , Kopacek Juraj , Petrik Juraj , Pastorekova Silvia , Pastorek Jaromir 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCarbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), as one of the most hypoxia‐responsive genes, has been associated almost exclusively with hypoxic tumors. Its principal role is in pH regulation which helps tumor cells overcome intracellular acidosis and survive extended periods of time with low oxygen. Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) is the main transcriptional activator of CA9. Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) has been shown to increase the transcriptional activity of HIF‐1. HBx is often expressed from the gene integrated in the hepatocytes infected persistently and contributes significantly to alterations in host gene expression that can lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with Hepatitis B virus (HBV). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HBx on expression of CA9. Transient transfection of HBx led to an increase in the expression of CA9 as assessed by RT‐PCR and Western blotting. HBx was able to increase CA9 promoter activity significantly in several cell lines. The effect was mediated via HIF‐1 and a functional HRE element located −10/−3 bp upstream of the CA9 transcription initiation site. These data suggest that CA9 may be involved in the development of HCC by contributing to the survival of hepatocytes infected with HBV in liver tissue with fibrosis. J. Med. Virol. 82:32–40, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do human polyoma viruses and human immunodeficiency virus share common co‐receptors?
Authors: Borissov Kalin , Tsekov Iliya , Gavazova Rayna , Kalvatchev Zlatko , Argirova Radka 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHost and/or viral factors involved in human polyomavirus (HPoV) infection in persons living with HIV remain unknown. A hypothesis is outlined suggesting the importance of the co‐receptors CCR5, CCR2, and CXCR4 not only for HIV, but also for HPoV. Functionally capable receptors coded by wild‐type (wt) genotypes could facilitate internalization of HPoV in the cell resulting in brain and/or kidney infection/s in HIV infected individuals. Forty‐nine Bulgarians with HIV, all treated by HAART, without neurological and/or kidney disorders, were tested for JCV and BKV and genotyped for CCR5 (CCR5del32), CCR2 (CCR2‐64I), and CXCR4 (SDF1‐3′A). In 27/49 (55.1%) individuals a co‐infection with HPoV was identified—BKV in 12/49 (24.5%), JCV—in another 12/49 (24.5%), and both viruses—in 3/49 (6.1%). A high frequency of wt CCR5 was found in patients with HPoV (91.7% for BKV and JCV and in 100% with both viruses). V/V of CCR2 was presented in 75% for BKV and JCV and in 66.7% for BKV plus JCV. SDF1‐3′G/G predominated in JCV infected patients (75%), while G/A and A/A genotypes were more frequent in patients with BKV (41.7%). Also, 21/22 (95.4%) persons without HPoV infection were heterozygous for SDF1 and CCR2. The number of individuals bearing wt of all co‐receptors in the group of persons not infected with HPoV was lower (P = 0.03) than that with polymorphism/s in one or two genes (SDF1 and CCR2) in the same group. The results suggest a probable role of co‐receptors used by HIV to facilitate infection with HPoV. J. Med. Virol. 82:8–13, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated levels of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor in human fracture healing
Authors: Sarahrudi Kambiz , Mousavi Mehdi , Thomas Anita , Eipeldauer Stefan , Vécsei Vilmos , Pietschmann Peter , Aharinejad Seyedhossein 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMacrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) plays a unique role in bone remodeling. However, to our knowledge, no data on the role of M‐CSF in fracture healing in humans have been published so far. This study addressed this issue. One hundred and thirteen patients with long‐bone fractures were included in the study and divided into two groups, according to their course of fracture healing. The first group contained 103 patients with normal fracture healing. Ten patients with impaired fracture healing formed the second group of the study. Volunteers donated blood samples as control. Serum samples were collected over a period of 6 months, following a standardized time schedule. In addition, M‐CSF levels were measured in fracture hematoma and serum of 11 patients with bone fractures. M‐CSF concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fracture hematoma contained significantly higher M‐CSF concentrations compared to M‐CSF concentrations in patient's serum. M‐CSF levels in fracture hematoma and in patient's serum were both significantly higher than M‐CSF concentrations measured in serum of healthy controls. Highly elevated M‐CSF serum concentrations were found in patients with physiological fracture healing over the entire observation period. Significant differences in the M‐CSF serum concentration between patients with normal fracture healing and patients with impaired fracture healing were not observed. This study indicates, for the first time, to our knowledge, a possible local and systemic involvement of M‐CSF in humans during fracture healing. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:671–676, 2010
Amino acid geochronology: its impact on our understanding of the Quaternary stratigraphy of the British Isles
Authors: Penkman Kirsty 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis review aims to act as a brief primer to amino acid racemization and protein breakdown, as well as to document the major applications and results of amino acid dating on British Quaternary sediments. Amino acid results from fossil shells have had far‐reaching effects in developing our current understanding of British Quaternary stratigraphy and its links to continental Europe and the marine record. To appreciate the potential for amino acid geochronology, the technique's limitations and recent developments are discussed, as well as the future of the field. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Site‐specific deposition of Ag nanoparticles on ZnO nanorod arrays via galvanic reduction and their SERS applications
Authors: Song Wei , Han Xiaoxia , Chen Lei , Yang Youming , Tang Bin , Ji Wei , Ruan Weidong , Xu Weiqing , Zhao Bing , Ozaki Yukihiro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA controllable heterostructure consisting of ZnO nanorod arrays with attached Ag nanoparticles at only one end has been synthesized via a facile and convenient galvanic reduction method. Scanning electron microscopic images of these nanostructures showed good selectivity of Ag deposition on the tip of ZnO nanorod arrays. The formation of these regular AgZnO heterogeneous nanorod arrays can be explained by a localization of the electrons at the ends of the ZnO nanorods after the electron transfer step. By tuning the reaction time and the concentration of silver nitrate, the density of Ag nanoparticles on the tip of ZnO nanorods can be well controlled. Owing to the introduction of Ag nanoparticles with different densities, the resulting AgZnO heterogeneous nanorod arrays have been proved to be a versatile substrate for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering not only for common organic molecules but also for label‐free protein detection. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein adsorption drastically reduces surface‐enhanced Raman signal of dye molecules
Authors: Zhang Dongmao , Ansar Siyam M. , Vangala Karthikkeshwar , Jiang Dongping 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in developing surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy methods for intracellular biomolecule and for in vitro protein detection that involve dye or protein–dye conjugates. In this work, we have demonstrated that protein adsorption on silver nanoparticle (AgNP) can significantly attenuate the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signal of dye molecules in both protein/dye mixtures and protein/dye conjugates. SERS spectra of 12 protein/dye mixtures were acquired using 4 proteins [bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme, trypsin, and concanavalin A] and three dyes [Rhodamine 6G, adenine, and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)]. Besides the protein/dye mixtures, spectra were also obtained for the free dyes and four FITC‐conjugated proteins. While no SERS signal was observed in protein/FITC mixtures or conjugates, a significantly reduced SERS intensity (up to 3 orders of magnitude) was observed for both R6G and adenine in their respective protein mixtures. Quantitative estimation of the number of dye molecules absorbed onto AgNP implied that the degree of R6G SERS signal reduction in the R6G/BSA sample is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than what could be accounted for by the difference in the amount of the absorbed dyes. This finding has significant implications for both intracellular SERS analyses and in vitro protein detection using SERS tagging strategies that rely on Raman dyes as reporter molecules. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and theoretical structure and vibrational analysis of ethyl trifluoroacetate, CF3CO2CH2CH3
Authors: Defonsi Lestard María Eliana , Tuttolomondo María Eugenia , Wann Derek A. , Robertson Heather E. , Rankin David W. H. , Altabef Aida Ben 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe molecular structure and conformational properties of ethyl trifluoroacetate, CF3CO2CH2CH3, were determined in the gas phase by electron diffraction, and vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman). The experimental investigations were supplemented by ab initio (MP2) and DFT quantum chemical calculations at different levels of theory. Experimental and theoretical methods result in two structures with Cs (anti–anti) and C1 (anti–gauche) symmetries, the former being slightly more stable than the latter. The electron‐diffraction data are best fitted with a mixture of 56% anti–gauche and 44% anti–anti conformers. The conformational preference was also studied using the total energy scheme, and the natural bond orbital scheme. Also, the infrared spectra of CF3CO2CH2CH3 are reported for the gas, liquid and solid states, as is the Raman spectrum of the liquid. The comparison of experimental averaged IR spectra of Cs and C1 conformers provides evidence for the predicted conformations in the IR spectra. Harmonic vibrational wavenumbers and scaled force fields have been calculated for both conformers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent advances in linear and non‐linear Raman spectroscopy. Part III
Authors: Kiefer W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFollowing the first two reviews on recent advances in linear and non‐linear Raman spectroscopy, the present review summarises papers mainly published in the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy during 2008. This again serves to give a brief overview of recent advances in this research field and to provide readers of this journal a quick introduction to the various sub‐fields of Raman spectroscopy. It also reflects the current research interests and trends in the Raman community. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transformation of pleomorphic adenoma to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland is independent of p53 mutations
Authors: Gedlicka Claudia , Item Chike B. , Wögerbauer Markus , Martinek Helga , Heiduschka Gregor , Erovic Boban M. , Ch.Grasl Matthaeus , Thurnher Dietmar 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis retrospective study was performed to evaluate the status of p53 in pleomorphic adenomas and carcinomas ex pleomorphic adenoma in the parotid gland. As loss or mutation of p53 can cause malignant transformation, the possible degeneration of pleomorphic adenomas to carcinomas ex pleomorhic adenoma was investigated by mutational analysis.MethodsTwenty‐five Patients including 14 patients with pleomorphic adenomas and 11 patients with carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland were examined for p53 status. DNA was extracted out of paraffin‐embedded tissue and PCR was performed for the coding exons 2–11. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was carried out for mutational analysis and DNA sequencing was performed in case of a suspected mutation.ResultsFourteen pleomorphic adenomas and 11 carcinomas ex pleomorphic adenoma were screened for p53 status and potent mutations. Subsequent sequencing of the distinct exons showed no mutation.ConclusionWe could not detect mutations of p53 neither in benign nor malignant parotid tumors and we therefore assume that p53 plays no role in the transformation from pleomorphic adenoma to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;101:127–130. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lippia origanoides chemotype differentiation based on essential oil GC‐MS and principal component analysis
Authors: Stashenko Elena E. , Martínez Jairo R. , Ruíz Carlos A. , Arias Ginna , Durán Camilo , Salgar William , Cala Mónica 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChromatographic (GC/flame ionization detection, GC/MS) and statistical analyses were applied to the study of essential oils and extracts obtained from flowers, leaves, and stems of Lippia origanoides plants, growing wild in different Colombian regions. Retention indices, mass spectra, and standard substances were used in the identification of 139 substances detected in these essential oils and extracts. Principal component analysis allowed L. origanoides classification into three chemotypes, characterized according to their essential oil major components. α‐ and β‐phellandrenes, p‐cymene, and limonene distinguished chemotype A; carvacrol and thymol were the distinctive major components of chemotypes B and C, respectively. Pinocembrin (5,7‐dihydroxyflavanone) was found in L. origanoides chemotype A supercritical fluid (CO2) extract at a concentration of 0.83±0.03 mg/g of dry plant material, which makes this plant an interesting source of an important bioactive flavanone with diverse potential applications in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical products.
A sol‐gel based solid phase microextraction fiber for the analysis of aliphatic alcohols in apple juices
Authors: Farhadi Khalil , Maleki Ramin , Tahmasebi Raheleh 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new fiber based on titania‐chitin sol‐gel coated on a silver wire for the headspace solid phase microextraction of aliphatic alcohols from apple juice samples was developed. The influences of fiber coating composition and microextraction conditions (extraction temperature, extraction time, and ionic strength of the sample matrix) on the fiber performance were investigated. Also, the influence of temperature and time on desorption of analytes from fiber were studied. Under the optimized conditions, a porous fiber with a high extraction capacity and good thermal stability (up to 250°C) was obtained. The proposed headspace solid‐phase microextraction‐GC method was successfully used for the analysis of aliphatic alcohols in apple juice and concentrate samples. The recovery values were from 92.8 to 98.6%. The RSD (n=5) for all analytes were below 7.8%.
Adsorption of a single protein interacting with multiple ligands: Inner radial humps in the concentration profiles induced by non‐uniform ligand density distributions
Authors: Riccardi E. , Liapis A. I. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe dynamic behavior of the concentration profiles of a single protein in the pore solution and the adsorbed phase is studied in different adsorbent media when the spatial density distribution of the immobilized ligands is either uniform or non‐uniform and at the same time the single protein is forming one‐site and two‐site adsorbate–ligand complexes with the immobilized monovalent ligands. The competition for the formation of one‐site and two‐site interaction complexes leads to the formation of inner radial humps in the concentration profiles of the two‐site adsorbate–ligand complex in adsorbent particles having either uniform or non‐uniform spatial ligand density distributions. The results show that inner radial humps in the concentration profiles of the adsorbed protein (total concentration of adsorbed protein by one‐site and two‐site interactions) occur only in adsorbent media whose spatial ligand density distributions are non‐uniform and have maxima or minima occurring in radial positions located between the center and the outer surface of the particles. The non‐uniform spatial ligand density distributions satisfying this property provide the cause for the occurrence of inner radial humps in the concentration profiles of a single adsorbed protein, while the multi‐site adsorption interactions affect the magnitude and the rate of propagation of the inner radial humps in the concentration profiles of the single adsorbed protein. It is also demonstrated that adsorbent media having certain non‐uniform functional forms of spatial distribution in the density of immobilized ligands could provide more efficient adsorption of a protein than an adsorbent medium whose spatial distribution of the density of immobilized ligands is uniform. Furthermore, the results in this study suggest the type of information that could be obtained from finite bath experiments and could be used to (i) determine whether multi‐site adsorbate–ligand complexes are formed during the adsorption of a single adsorbate and (ii) select between alternative adsorbent media the adsorbent particles that could provide the highest overall adsorption rate for a given adsorbate of interest. The results clearly indicate that it is very important to study the dynamic behavior of an adsorption system having a non‐uniform spatial ligand density distribution and where the values of the pH and ionic strength are such that the electrophoretic effects are active.
Characteristics of malfunctioning channels in pediatric cochlear implants
Authors: Lin Jerry W. , Mody Avni , Tonini Ross , Emery Claudia , Haymond Jody , Vrabec Jeffrey T. , Oghalai John S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To examine the characteristics of pediatric cochlear implant channel malfunction preceding device failure.Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:All pediatric patients who underwent cochlear implantation at a tertiary academic medical center were reviewed regarding device type, reason for replacement, time to replacement, and timing and pattern of channel faults in failed versus nonfailed devices.Results:Between 1993 and 2008, 264 pediatric cochlear implantations were performed. With an average 894‐day follow‐up, the replacement rate was 9.5% (25/264). Reasons for replacement were device failure (6.4%), medical/surgical failure (2.3%), and obsolescence (0.8%). Replacement rates were comparable among Advanced Bionics (13.3%), Cochlear Corporation (6.3%), and MED‐EL (10.3%) devices. Fifty‐two cochlear implants developed at least one channel fault, and 13 eventually progressed to failure requiring replacement. MED‐EL devices comprised 12 of these 13 failures. At the 12‐month follow‐up interval, one, three, and five channel faults predicted 40%, 75%, and 100% probabilities of eventual electrode failure, respectively. Channels destined to fail demonstrated small, yet statistically significant, impedance elevations 12 months before failure and large elevations 3 months before failure.Conclusions:Replacement of cochlear implants in pediatric patients is common and is due to device malfunction about one half of the time. Earlier initial channel fault, earlier subsequent channel faults, adjacent channel faults, and a greater total number of channel faults were associated with the need for replacement surgery. Elevations in a channel's impedance should raise the concern for an impending failure. These predictors can help the cochlear implant team when considering surgery to replace the device. Laryngoscope, 2010