bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La place des considérations économiques et éthiques dans les services de soins intensifs
Authors: Noseworthy Thomas W. , Jacobs Phil 
Published: July 2010

Les services de soins intensifs (SSI) maintiennent en vie, mais, dans certains cas, ils prolongent l'agonie; cela occasionne des douleurs physiques, des souffrances morales et des pertes financières considérables. Le traitement des patients revient au moins trois fois plus chers au SSI que dans les autres services hospitaliers; le SSI représente en conséquence l'un des plus importants centres de coûts de l'hôpital. Les pressions économiques nous obligent à porter plus d'attention au choix des patients que l'on admet au SSI et à la durée de leur séjour. Le personnel soignant des SSI doit soupeser les fondements éthiques de sa conduite et de ses actes. Cette démarche l'amènera probablement à retenir le droit du patient à l'autodétermination et les devoirs d'assistance et de non-nuisance du médecin comme grands axes de la morale en médecine. Dans les cas particuliers, on peut examiner les intérêts et les droits du patient au moyen d'un modèle circulaire. On base alors les décisions sur les faits médicaux et le pronostic, sur le droit du patient à l'autodétermination, sur le bien du patient et sur les facteurs externes. Le personnel soignant devrait être tenu de prendre en compte tous ces aspects de la situation. Dans ce contexte, la prévention ou la résolution des dilemmes moraux peut avoir lieu dans un cadre clinique plutôt que dans un cadre juridique.
L'aménagement des services de santé en français: Le cas de la région du Niagara
Authors: Zalot Gary N. , Langstaff James H. 
Published: July 2010

Le plan de santé de la région du Niagara pour les armées 1990 comporte un volet de services en français, et il s'agit d'un effort conjoint du Conseil régional de santé du Niagara (CRSN) et de l'Association canadienne française de l'Ontario (ACFO) dont le mandat est de promouvoir les objectifs et les intérêts des francophones en Ontario. Le processus d'aménagement entrepris comporte les éléments habituels «objectifs», comme la cueillette de données, l'analyse des données et la rédaction de recommandations. Il comporte aussi des éléments «subjectifs» qui sont abordés dans l'examen des principales tâches: élaboration de la structure du projet; détermination des méthodes de recherche; création d'un réseau de services de santé et de services sociaux connexes; obtention d'un consensus sur le plan d'action définitif. L'étude a eu pour résultats la rédaction de 23 recommandations qui portent sur cinq secteurs clés et qui feront en sorte que les plans se traduisent dans la réalité de façon tangible pour la collectivité francophone du Niagara.
Executive Performance: The Demands of the 1990s
Authors: Noble Ron 
Published: July 2010

Top executivè will be required to have strong leadership skills, combined with solid communication and team-building skills, to move their organizations through a decade that will promise tight fiscal constraint, increasing involvement in the decision-making process from medical staff, trustees, government officials and facility personnel. The evaluation of the chief executive officer (CEO) will continue along traditional lines with the development of goals and objectives in defined areas of accountability. There will, however, be increased emphasis on the development of measurable standards, and the CEO's ability to lead the organization, motivate the organization's people resources and reallocate resources to meet the organization's mission and the health care needs of the community.
The Implications of Urban Social and Economic Realities on Strategic Management of Hospitals
Authors: Shah Narendra , Vatieri Giovanni 
Published: July 2010

As Ontario embarks on restructuring its health care system and realigning resources to meet population-based needs, health care providers and planning agencies need to link epidemiological data (a community's socioeconomic, demographics and health status) and assess its implications on hospital utilization trends. A fundamental challenge for hospitals and other providers is to “know their communities” along these lines. This article summarizes the results of a multidimensional review of a section of a large urban community and integrates it with utilization of acute inpatient beds. General observations are offered for policy makers and hospital management.
Health Promotion: From Concepts to Strategies
Authors: Labonte Ronald 
Published: July 2010

Just 20 years ago, health promotion was a little understood aspect of healthcare. Although still secondary to disease treatment, especially in hospitals, it now has gained a great deal of support. A number of charters, frameworks and reports have been put forth in the last several years which have tried to establish that social conditions and personal actions are also important in determining health, not only physicians and sophisticated medical equipment. Community leadership, consisting of collective discussion, decision making and action is the key. Two successful groups illustrate how social action can produce beneficial results, and how professionals and agencies can help communities put health promotion into operation.
Physician Impact Analysis: An Imperative for the Modern Hospital
Authors: Carlow Donald R. , Rea Patricia A. 
Published: July 2010

In the majority of Canadian hospitals, medical personnel planning is seldom apart of the strategic plan, and the total impact of physician appointments is rarely assessed. By developing a physician impact analysis, the Health Sciences Centre in Winnipeg has attempted to pinpoint key elements associated with physician appointments, such as the impact on financial and physical resources. This development process has been an ongoing one, however, as the institution faced new situations. Because interrelationships between a teaching hospital and faculties of medicine are multifaceted, implementation of the physician impact analysis process allows a better understanding of the impact of medical personnel recruitment on hospital services, on behalf of both parties.
Cost-Containing Medical Technology
Authors: Manga Pran 
Published: July 2010

The types of technologies most likely to contain healthcare costs are ones which (a) bring about a reduction in the volume of contact between the non-institutionalized populations and the medical profession, (b) permit the delivery of services and care in non-institutional settings, (c) enhance self-care or caregiving by the informal sector, and (d) shift the provision of services from the highly trained and costly fee-for-service professions and hospitals to those in the primary care subsector. To translate new technologies into cost savings or reduction in the rate of growth of healthcare expenditure, provincial governments must make some essential organizational changes and resource allocation decisions. As well, some form of technology assessment, if not essential, would be a very useful adjunct.
The Concept of Critical Success Factors (CSFs) as a Planning Tool for Healthcare Managers
Authors: Eni Godwin O. 
Published: July 2010

A well-used concept in business, the Critical Success Factor (CSF) is just beginning to be applied to healthcare organizations. This article discusses the utility of the CSF approach to the management of health services, explains how senior healthcare executives can use it to consider, define and direct the planning needs of healthcare organizations, and demonstrates how it can be applied in hospital management. Managers can use the CSF planning approach to achieve the organization's goals in accordance with its mission, be competitive, and evaluate and restructure existing programs to satisfy needs to meet specific objectives.
Quality of Care and Utilization Management: Contemporary Tools and Strategies
Authors: Harrison Fernande P. , Juzwishin Donald , Roger Rick 
Published: July 2010

An effective Quality-Utilization Management Program requires a contemporary and clinically relevant information system. Involvement of the medical staff and support of hospital personnel are critical to implement such a program. Equally important is the commitment of government and community representatives to address hospital quality and utilization issues in the context of the full range of community services. Outlining the background leading to the inception of a Quality-Utilization Management Program in a multi-hospital system, the authors also present the rationale for selecting a concurrent and retrospective review system.
Enhancing Health — A New Agenda for Ontario
Authors: Chenoy Neville , Jackson Suzanne , Hancock Trevor , Pierre Karin Domnick 
Published: July 2010

Recognizing that changes in demography, the social environment, economics, technology and political trends are under-lying factors affecting health, Paradigm Health in Toronto examined these considerations to assess change to achieve a positive vision of health. Phase I of the study looked at opportunities and threats from the broad external environment affecting health, examined the internal strengths and weaknesses of the present Ontario health system, and analyzed the participants in the system. Phase II identified the important strategic issues gathered from the environmental study, and the strategies which could deal with these issues.
Management Partnerships: Improving Patient Care in Healthcare Organizations of the Future
Authors: Shortell Stephen 
Published: July 2010

The hospital of the future will have to be part of a system or network which will provide a continuum of care in primary care services, acute in-patient care and post-hospital care. Additionally, hospitals will become increasingly diversified and, at the same time, integrated, not only horizontally but more importantly, vertically. This amalgamation will be achieved either by acting alone or by a joint venture with another group, through shared services or through contract management. Technology and computerization will play an even larger role than currently, and there will be tremendous demands placed on the micro and macro levels of management partnership.
Management Partnerships: A Reaction
Authors: Leatt Peggy 
Published: July 2010

Although there are important differences that will affect future changes in the Canadian system, health care in Canada often parallels that in the United States. The concept of the hospital is changing from sickness care to health care. There is a growth of multi-institutional arrangements, bureaucracy is on the rise, and the number of nursing and other allied health professionals is growing. These trends are having an impact on the physician-nurse-administrator partnerships of program management.
Who's Caring for the Care Givers—A Nursing Dilemma
Authors: Langill George 
Published: July 2010

With our hospital system generally in crisis, exemplified by problems of access, rapid patient turnover and increasing acuity, one of the obvious first breaking points will be with those closest to the patient—our nurses. Nurses are experiencing increasing stress and burnout, which leads to disillusionment, turnover and attrition. The effect these problems have in enrollment in the care professions, especially nursing, is obvious now with lower enrollment and a general apathy toward the profession. Nurses view themselves as the tow person on the totem pole of clinical professions, an image which must be improved if people are to choose nursing as their career.
Mood and Framing Effects in Advertising
Authors: Martin Brett , Lawson Robert 
Published: July 2010

This study examines how moods elicited by television programmes influence viewer attitudes, intentions, cognitive responses and recall when considered in conjunction with a commercial's affective tone, and message framing. Three hypotheses are tested addressing: (1) The predictions of the mood congruency and mood consistency models. (2) Whether mood effects for the two models are moderated by self-esteem. (3) The interaction of mood state and message framing. An experiment using actual television programmes and differentially framed and affectively toned commercials found that sad commercials resulted in more favorable intentions and greater recall than happy commercials under both happy and sad mood conditions. These findings contradict prevailing mood theory, yet are supported by protection motivation theory, cognitive priming, stereotyping and self-discrepancy perspectives. The mood, affective tone and self-esteem interaction was not evident. Framing results support research on the negative bias and the notion that incongruent information prompts more elaborative processing.
The ‘Country-Of-Origin Effect’ and Consumer Attitudes to ‘Buy Local’ Campaigns: Australian Evidence
Authors: Cameron Ross C. , Elliott Gregory R. 
Published: July 2010

Universally, governments promote the purchase of locally made products via a variety of ‘buy local’ campaigns. The common expectation is that the country-of-origin effect will work systematically to bias purchase preference in favour of locally-made products. Promotional activity employing appeals based on country-of-origin, and the practice of labelling products with the country of origin are premised on this expectation. A survey of 401 Australian consumers about their evaluations of an ‘Australian Made’ campaign showed high levels of campaign awareness and of its specific appeals, together with attitudes highly favourable to both the underlying concept and the operation of the campaign. These attitudes were widely held by respondents. Moreover, awareness and favourable attitudes towards the campaign were found to be associated with purchase predispositions, suggesting potential for behavioural change as an outcome of such campaigns.
Marketing Relationships in a Computer-Mediated Environment
Authors: Davis Robert , Buchanan-Oliver Margo 
Published: July 2010

We propose a conceptual model of the retailer-consumer relationship in a computer-mediated environment (CME) and suggest that a trust-based approach to consumer marketing relationships be applied. We believe that the relationship between the retailer and their customers can be defined through the dis-confirmation of expected virtual (service brand related) and real (service process related) experiences of flow while shopping on-line. We argue that the consumer has two experiential images in their mind in the interaction between the consumer and on-line shopping CME: (1) the inter-organisational service brand and, (2) the inter-organisational service process interaction. Consequently, the consumer assesses their overall quality of the on-line shopping service experience through the phenomenological process of dis-confirmation. That is, high levels of service quality are perceived when the actual- real service experience is greater than the expected- virtual experience resulting in the development of trust. In the long term this leads to consumer motivation to the service brand and can be described as leading to loyalty (customer retention) to the on-line shopping service. The paper uses the setting of an interactive home-shopping supermarket to examine the changing nature of relationships in a computer-mediated environment. We present a discussion of preliminary, qualitative, empirical evidence from executive interview case studies that support our propositions. Implications and future research directions are also considered.
Trans-8,cis-10+cis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid mixture alters body composition in Syrian golden hamsters fed a hypercholesterolaemic diet
Authors: Joseph Shama V. , Liu Xiaoran , Wakefield Andrew , Chouinard P. Yvan , Aukema Harold , Jones Peter J. H. , Jacques Hélène 
Published: July 2010

The effectiveness of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as a weight-loss nutraceutical continues to be debatable, suggesting that there may be value in exploring the physiological effects of the lesser-known isomers. The effects of the minor isomer,trans-8,cis-10 (t8,c10)-CLA, in the form of an equimolar mixture with thecis-9,trans-11 (c9,t11) isomer, on body weight and body composition, circulating glucose and lipid concentrations, and liver weights were studied in sixty male Syrian golden hamsters. Animals were randomised to receive for 28 d a semi-purified, hypercholesterolaemic diet (5 % dietary fat and 0·25 % cholesterol) supplemented at the 2 % level with either thet8,c10+c9,t11-CLA mixture,c9,t11-CLA ortrans-10,cis-12 (t10,c12)-CLA replacing lard and safflower-seed oil (control). Results show that compared with control, thet8,c10+c9,t11-CLA mixture andt10,c12-CLA-fed animals had lower (P < 0·0001) fat mass following supplementation. Animals consumingt10,c12-CLA also possessed higher lean mass compared with control andc9,t11-CLA groups (P < 0·001). However, the livers of these animals were larger (P < 0·0001) compared with those in the control and other CLA groups. Body weights of the hamsters did not differ across the experimental groups. CLA treatments had no effect on serum glucose or lipid profile, except for inducing higher (P < 0·05) non-HDL-cholesterol concentration witht10,c12-CLA compared with thec9,t11 isomer. Overall, these results indicate that in male hamsters fed a hypercholesterolaemic diet, thet8,c10+c9,t11-CLA mixture does not have an impact on blood lipid profile, but is able to effectively reduce fat mass, without incurring an accompanying liver enlargement.
Active recovery training does not affect the antioxidant response to soccer games in elite female players
Authors: Andersson Helena , Karlsen Anette , Blomhoff Rune , Raastad Truls , Kadi Fawzi 
Published: July 2010

Changes in plasma endogenous and dietary antioxidants and oxidative stress markers were studied following two 90 min elite female soccer games separated by 72 h of either active or passive recovery. The active recovery group (n8) trained for 1 h at 22 and 46 h after the first game (low-intensity cycling and resistance training), while the passive group rested (n8). Blood samples were taken before the games; immediately after the games; 21, 45 and 69 h after the first game; and immediately after the second game. The oxidative stress markers and antioxidants were not affected by active recovery. The oxidative stress marker GSSG increased by the same extent after both the games, while the lipid peroxidation marker diacron-reactive oxygen metabolite remained unchanged. The endogenous antioxidants total glutathione and uric acid and ferric reducing/antioxidant power increased immediately after both the games with the same amplitude, while increases in cysteine, cysteine–glycine and total thiols reached significant levels only after the second game. The changes in dietary antioxidants after the first game were either rapid and persistent (tocopherols and ascorbic acid (AA) increased; polyphenols decreased) or delayed (carotenoids). This resulted in high pre-second game levels of tocopherols, AA and carotenoids. Polyphenols returned to baseline at 69 h, and were not affected by the second game. In conclusion, the soccer-associated dietary antioxidant defence, but not the endogenous antioxidant defence, is persistent. Similar acute oxidative stress and endogenous antioxidant responses and dissimilar dietary antioxidant reactions occur during two repeated female soccer games. Finally, the complex antioxidant response to soccer is not affected by active recovery training.
Cross-amplified microsatellites in the European cherry fly,Rhagoletis cerasi: medium polymorphic–highly informative markers
Authors: Augustinos A.A. , Asimakopoulou A.K. , Papadopoulos N.T. , Bourtzis K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe European cherry fruit fly,Rhagoletis cerasi(Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major pest of cherries in Europe and parts of Asia. Despite its big economic significance, there is a lack of studies on the genetic structure of its natural populations. Knowledge about an insect pest on molecular, genetic and population levels facilitates the development of environmentally friendly control methods. In this study, we present the development of 13 microsatellite markers forR. cerasi, through cross-species amplification. These markers have been used for the genotyping of 130 individuals from five different sampling sites in Greece. Our results indicate that (i) cross-species amplification is a versatile and rapid tool for developing microsatellite markers inRhagoletisspp., (ii) the microsatellite markers presented here constitute an important tool for population studies on this pest, and (iii) there is clear structuring of natural European cherry fly populations.
Effect of adult chill treatments on recovery, longevity and flight ability of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Reynolds O.L. , Orchard B.A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractControl of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), populations or outbreaks may be achieved through the mass-rearing and inundative release of sterile B. tryoni. An alternative release method is to release chilled adult sterile fruit flies to decrease packaging and transport requirements and potentially improve release efficiencies. Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of chilling on the performance of two separate batches of adult B. tryoni, fed either a protein and sucrose diet or sucrose only diet. The first trial compared chill times of 0, 0.5, 2 and 4 h; the second trial compared chill times of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. Overall, there was little or no affect of chilling on the recovery, longevity and flight ability of B. tryoni chilled at 4°C. Recovery time can take up to 15 min for chilled adult flies. There was no effect of chill time on longevity although females generally had greater longevity on either diet compared with males. Propensity for flight was not adversely affected by chilling at the lower chill times in trial 1; however, in trial 2, adults fed on a protein and sucrose diet had a decreased tendency for flight as the chilling time increased. Fly body size did not affect recovery times although the smaller adult B. tryoni in trial 1 had significantly reduced longevity compared to the larger adults in trial 2. Implications of these findings for B. tryoni SIT are discussed.
Varieties of cooperation: the domestic institutional roots of global governance
Authors: BACH DAVID 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article develops a domestic institutional explanation for the growing institutional diversity in global economic governance. Transgovernmental networks linking domestic regulatory agencies have emerged in a number of areas alongside more conventional cooperation based on international organisations and regimes. At the same time, the number and scope of private self-regulatory schemes at the international level has markedly increased. While rich literatures have developed around each of these three governance cluster, less attention has been paid to the critical questions why, where, and when we are most likely to see one type of governance as opposed to another. The article argues that broad observable patterns of global governance result from specific configurations of domestic institutional variables in leading markets against the backdrop of the dynamics of market globalisation. Empirical evidence from case studies of global governance in the fields of securities, Internet domain names, intellectual property, and hedge funds broadly support the argument.