bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of phosphoglycolipid elimination from rice bran oil by a nonporous membrane using NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Manjula Sarode , Divakar Soundar , Subramanian Rangaswamy 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe presence of phosphoglycolipids (PGL) in degummed rice bran oil (RBO) affects the color in the subsequent refining process, posing problems in producing a final product of acceptable quality. A nonporous membrane could achieve near complete removal of phospholipids even under hexane‐diluted conditions, including PGL present in RBO. PGL from glycolipid fractions isolated from various membrane process stream samples, analyzed by 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopic techniques, indicated the absence of PGL in the permeate, besides identifying them to be oleates/linoleates of phosphatidic acid. Hence, the efficacy of a nonporous membrane in the removal of PGL suggests its application for effective degumming of crude RBO.
Physicochemical studies of hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil using enzyme‐assisted cold‐pressing
Authors: Latif Sajid , Anwar Farooq 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe effects of enzyme‐assisted cold‐pressing (EACP) on the physicochemical attributes of Cannabis sativa (hemp) seed oil were investigated using five enzyme preparations: Protex 7L, Viscozyme L, Kemzyme, Feedzyme, and Natuzyme. The oil contents (28.4–32.8%) offered by the enzyme‐treated hempseeds were found to be significantly (p <0.05) higher than that determined for the control (26.7%). The protein, fiber, and ash contents of the seeds were unaffected by the enzyme treatment. There were no significant (p >0.05) variations observed for the values of iodine number, refractive index, density, unsaponifiable matter and fatty acid composition between the enzyme‐extracted and control hempseed oils. The levels of saponification value, free fatty acids, iodine value and peroxide value were slightly varied between the oils tested. The color intensity of the enzyme‐extracted oils was also higher than that of the control oil. A relatively higher level of tocopherols (724.4–788.8 mg/kg) was observed in the enzyme‐extracted oils compared to the control (691.2 mg/kg), showing an enhancement of ca. 4.8–14.1% in the total tocopherols. The Rancimat profiles and sensory scores of the enzyme‐extracted oils were noted to be improved compared to the control. The results of the present analysis (with respect to the control) showed that the enzyme added during the hempseed cold‐pressing resulted in considerably higher oil yields, without adversely affecting the quality of the oil.
Natural antioxidants in tree nuts
Authors: Alasalvar Cesarettin , Shahidi Fereidoon 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe levels of natural antioxidants and phytochemicals present in tree nuts are reported. Where possible, the health claims by Food and Drug Administration and European Food Safety Authority and health effects of tree nuts are provided. The content and recommended dietary allowances of nutrient antioxidants (such as vitamins A, C, E, and the mineral selenium) present in various tree nuts are compared. Antioxidant activity and phytochemicals present among tree nuts have been thoroughly reviewed. Research findings from over 65 references, many of which have been published within the last 10 years, have been compiled and reported.
Synthesis of Novel gluco‐ and galacto‐Functionalized Platinum Complexes
Authors: Möker Janina , Thiem Joachim 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin and further derivatives are worldwide established cytostatics for the treatment of a vast range of tumours. These drugs showed extraordinary success; however, side effects and primary or developed secondary resistance of tumour cells represent severe problems, which prompt the development of novel functionalized platinum complexes. Selectively protected monohydroxy derivatives of glucose and galactose could be etherified by ω‐halo ethers. Further, Finkelstein reaction and malonate synthesis gave precursor glycoconjugates which were easily transformed into their (diammine)platinum complexes. First tests with different tumour cell lines show biological activity of the gluco‐functionalized platinum complex.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The effect of biomass feedstock type and process parameters on achieving the total carbon conversion in the large scale fluidized bed gasification of biomass
Authors: Moilanen Antero , Nasrullah Muhammad , Kurkela Esa 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOne option for the production of liquid biofuel in Finland is based on fluidized bed gasification of biomass and Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis process. The total carbon conversion achieved in the gasifier, operating at temperatures below 1000°C, depends mainly on the reactivity of solid char residue. The reactivity of the char residue is affected by temperature, partial pressures of the reactants H2O and CO2 and product gas components (H2 and CO), which are inhibiting the reactivity. In this reactivity, catalytic active substances, alkaline and earth‐alkaline metal compounds play a significant role. Other elements like silicon can react with the metals, leading to losses in the catalytic activity. These elements are naturally occurring in the biomass, and their behavior is individually dependent on the biomass type. The carbon conversion can be improved by increasing temperature, but it should not be too high to avoid ash sintering. By increasing the pressure, the reactivity increases normally, but for biomass it sometimes has no effect or it is even reduced. It was also observed that during the process of debarking and storage of biomass, it remains in contact with water, which can reduce the amount of some alkaline and earth alkaline metals because of leaching that can further affect reactivity and ash sintering. We studied the effects of the above‐mentioned factors on various barks, like spruce, pine, birch, aspen, which are the most potential biomass feedstock to be used in the large‐scale gasification in Finland. The measurements were carried out in the pressurized thermobalance in the conditions relevant for the pressurized oxygen gasification. Thus, the total pressure range was up to 20 bar, and the partial pressures of the reactants and the product gas components varied respectively. The parameters measured will be used for the development of the gasifier model. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Measuring the discharge of the Amazon River using Doppler technology (Manacapuru, Amazonas, Brazil)
Authors: Filizola Naziano , Guyot Jean Loup , Guimarães Valdemar 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to report an experiment performed with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler—ADCP, under tropical environmental conditions, aimed at testing and evaluating the ADCP and comparing the results obtained with those provided by traditional methods used in the Amazon River Basin. The HiBAm research team tested the ADCP over a 4‐day period at the Manacapuru section on the Solimões River. During this period, 34 water discharge measurements were completed, whereas only a maximum of only 3 measurements would have been possible using traditional methods, due to operational limitations. The ADCP results differed from the other methods by about 9%. However, the final water discharge results (93 × 103 m3.s−1 for the experiment period) showed that the ADCP offers fundamental advantages in terms of measurement reproducibility (less than 1%), speed (only 30 min for a 3000‐m transect), reduced number of people (two) and safety. The results also indicate that the ADCP can help solve the problem of scatter associated with the rating curve for Manacapuru. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suspended sediment yields in the Amazon basin: an assessment using the Brazilian national data set
Authors: Filizola Naziano , Guyot Jean Loup 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we make use of a Brazilian national data set comprising suspended sediment data for the Amazon region. This contains more than 2500 samples from 60 sites that have been running since the 1970s and are still operated on an almost quarterly basis. These data provide a valuable basis for assessing suspended sediment yields in the largest river basin on earth. We also discuss the sampling procedures and the methods for total suspended sediment (TSS) flux calculation employed in the Amazon region. An analysis of the contribution of the largest Amazon River tributaries to the total sediment load of the Amazon and the relationship between TSS and water discharge has been undertaken. The Brazilian data provide representative information on sediment transport within the basin, particularly for the central flood plain and in the Brazilian and Guiana shields. A basic assessment of the suspended sediment load data highlights the major Andean TSS contribution (more than 1000 106 t year−1) and the lower contribution from the shield areas (less than 100 106 t year−1). On the basis of the data from the network of TSS stations, the shield areas are estimated to contribute 7% of the TSS yield from the Amazon River basin. A region of deposition has been identified in the middle of the basin; and the sedimentation rate in the ‘várzeas’ in the Amazon River basin lowlands has been estimated to be between 3 and 6 mm year−1. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrodynamic characteristics of the Tam Pokhari glacial lake outburst flood in the Mt. Everest region, Nepal
Authors: Osti Rabindra , Egashira Shinji 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe Tam Pokhari glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), which occurred in 1998 in the Mt. Everest region of Nepal, was evaluated using hydrodynamic models to gain a better understanding of the flow behaviour. The flood wave was analysed separately under rigid and erodible boundary conditions. In both cases, the calculated dam‐breach hydrograph, which had a peak discharge of about 10 000 m3/s, was routed through the Inkhu River, which originates from the lake. The morphologic changes along the river were also analysed and the results were compared with satellite images, field observations and recorded data. In the case of rigid boundaries, the routing procedure gradually attenuated the peaks of the hydrographs to account for hydraulic pooling in narrow gorges and storage in the channel. In the case of erodible boundaries, such effects were minimized due to the increment in channel capacity associated with erosion by debris flow. The study revealed that the GLOF event produced a large‐scale debris flow. Additionally, the results revealed that erosion and deposition took place intermittently, but that approximately 440 000 m3 of sediment was deposited about 14 km downstream from the lake mouth. The calculated peak of the water and sediment mixture at 14·4 km was found to be 30 000 m3/s, which is almost 6 times as large as that observed when the rigid boundary conditions were used. Further, the increase in the peaks of the hydrographs due to sediment transport was the primary reason for the destruction associated with the GLOF. These findings suggest that the local sedimentology and topography, as well as other geo‐hazard conditions in the area, should be carefully evaluated before recommending any control measures against GLOFs in the Himalayan region. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trace element and major ion concentrations and dynamics in glacier snow and melt: Eliot Glacier, Oregon Cascades
Authors: Fortner Sarah K. , Lyons W. Berry , Fountain Andrew G. , Welch Kathleen A. , Kehrwald Natalie M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe present concentrations of environmentally available (unfiltered acidified 2% v/v HNO3) As, Cu, Cd, Pb, V, Sr, and major ions including Ca2+, Cl−, and SO42− in a July 2005 and a March 2006 shallow snow profile from the lower Eliot Glacier, Mount Hood, Oregon, and its proglacial stream, Eliot Creek. Low enrichment factors (EF) with respect to crustal averages suggests that in fresh March 2006 snow environmentally available elements are derived primarily from lithogenic sources. Soluble salts occurred in lower and less variable concentrations in July 2005 snow than March 2006. Conversely, environmentally available trace elements occurred in greater and more variable concentrations in July 2005 than March 2006 snow. Unlike major solutes, particulate‐associated trace elements are not readily eluted during the melt season. Additionally, elevated surface concentrations suggest that they are likely added throughout the year via dry deposition. In a 1‐h stream sampling, ratios of dissolved (<0·45 µm) V:Cl−, Sr:Cl−, and Cu:Cl− are enriched in the Eliot Stream with respect to their environmentally available trace element to Cl− ratios in Eliot Glacier snow, suggesting chemical weathering additions in the stream waters. Dissolved Pb:Cl− is depleted in the Eliot Stream with respect to the ratio of environmentally available Pb to Cl− in snow, corresponding to greater adsorption onto particles at greater pH values. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detecting water yield variability due to the small proportional land use and land cover changes in a watershed on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Wang Shengping , Zhang Zhiqiang , Sun Ge , McNulty Steven G. , Zhang Manliang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSoil conservation practices have been widely implemented on the Loess Plateau to reduce severe soil erosion in north‐central China over the past three decades. However, the hydrologic impacts of these practices are not well documented and understood. The objective of this study was to examine how water yield has changed after implementing soil conservation practices that resulted in changes in land use and land cover in a small agriculture‐dominated watershed, the LuErGou Watershed in Tianshui City, Gansu Province, China. We collected 23 years of hydro‐meteorological data along with three land use surveys of 1982, 1989, and 2000. The land use survey in 2000 suggested that the soil conservation efforts resulted in a 16·6%, 4%, and 16% increase in area of grassland, forested land, and terraces respectively over the two periods from 1982 to 1988 (baseline) and 1989 to 2003 (soil conservation measures implemented). Rainfall–runoff regression models developed for both time periods at the annual and monthly time steps were used to examine the significance of change in water yield in the second time period. The averaged annual run‐off coefficient over 1989–2003 did not change significantly (at the α = 0·05 level) as compared to that in the period 1982–1988. However, we found that soil conservation practices that included re‐vegetation and terracing reduced water yield during wet periods. This study highlights the importance of the precipitation regime in regulating hydrologic effects of soil conservation measures in a semi‐arid environment. We concluded that adequately evaluating the effects of land use change and soil conservation measures on water yield must consider the climatic variability under an arid environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human mesenchymal stem cells: Influence of oxygen pressure on proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in fibrin glue in vitro
Authors: Baumgartner Laura , Arnhold Stefan , Brixius Klara , Addicks Klaus , Bloch Wilhelm 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTissue engineering using biomaterials is a promising solution for cartilage replacement. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the fibrin sealant Tissucol® provides a suitable scaffold for re‐implanting stem cells during chondrogenic replacement therapy. Pluripotent stem cells were isolated from adult human bone marrow (hMSCs), cultured and characterized by FACS (CD105+/CD106+, CD45‐/CD14‐/CD34‐). A large‐holed porous hMSC‐containing fibrin matrix was built that allowed hMSCs to survive throughout the period of culture (42 days) in either proliferation or chondrogenic differentiation medium under normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (3% O2) conditions. Morphology (as determined by electron microscopy) and proliferation (Ki67 staining) of the embedded hMSCs did not markedly vary under normoxic and hypoxic culture even after 42 days in culture. The stem cell marker Oct‐4 was expressed during the whole culture period. Under chondrogenic differentiation conditions, especially under hypoxic conditions, we observed rounded chondrocyte‐like cell types and a chondral phenotype assessed by mRNA expression of collagen II and Alcian blue staining. hMSCs seeded into large‐holed porous preparations of Tissucol® survive, proliferate and keep their stem cell character. Furthermore, culturing the cells in a corresponding medium induces chondrogenic differentiation, which could be remarkably and significantly enhanced under hypoxic conditions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Characterization and in vitro hemocompatibility of bi‐soft segment, polycaprolactone‐based poly(ester urethane urea) membranes
Authors: Besteiro Mónica C. , Guiomar A. Jorge , Gonçalves Carlos A. , Bairos Vasco A. , de Pinho Maria N. , Gil M. Helena 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this study, surface, bulk, and hemocompatibility characteristics of crosslinked, bi‐soft segment poly (ester urethane urea) membranes, prepared by extending a poly(propylene oxide)‐based triisocyanate‐terminated prepolymer (PU) with a polycaprolactone diol (PCL), were investigated. Variation of the ratio of PU to PCL diol content in the membrane formulation yielded alteration of surface energy, phase morphology both in the bulk and in the region near the surface, and it affected hemocompatibility. Nearly all membranes were nonhemolytic, with hemolysis degrees between 1 and 2.1% and, for short‐time contact with blood (15 min), all membranes showed in vitro thrombosis degrees between 27 and 42%. The membranes prepared with 5 and 25% of PCL diol showed almost no adherent platelets. These two membranes had a higher hard segment aggregation in the region near the surface and mixing between the two soft segments in the bulk, but showed contrasting surface energy characteristics. The results obtained in this work give evidence that surface energy and its polar and dispersive components did not correlate with any of the hemocompatibility aspects studied. In contrast, the phase morphology in the region near the surface was a major influence on membrane hemocompatibility. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
WWOX: Its genomics, partners, and functions
Authors: Del Mare Sara , Salah Zaidoun , Aqeilan Rami I. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe WW domain‐containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) spans one of the most active common fragile sites (CFSs) involved in cancer, FRA16D. WWOX encodes a 46‐kDa protein that contains two N‐terminal WW domains and a central short‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) domain. Through its WW domain, Wwox interacts with its partners and modulates their functions. Our data indicate that Wwox suppresses the transactivation function of several transcription factors implied in neoplasia by sequestering them in the cytoplasm. Work from our laboratory and other research groups have demonstrated that Wwox participates in a number of cellular processes including growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. Targeted deletion of the Wwox gene in mice causes increased spontaneous and chemically induced tumor incidence supporting bona fide tumor suppressor function of WWOX. Moreover, generation of the Wwox‐deficient mice uncovers, at least in part, some of the physiological in vivo functions of the WWOX gene. This review focuses on recent progress that elucidates Wwox functions in biology and pathology. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 737–745, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanoparticles as tools to study and control stem cells
Authors: Ferreira L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe use of nanoparticles in stem cell research is relatively recent, although very significant in the last 5 years with the publication of about 400 papers. The recent advances in the preparation of some nanomaterials, growing awareness of material science and tissue engineering researchers regarding the potential of stem cells for regenerative medicine, and advances in stem cell biology have contributed towards the boost of this research field in the last few years. Most of the research has been focused in the development of new nanoparticles for stem cell imaging; however, these nanoparticles have several potential applications such as intracellular drug carriers to control stem cell differentiation and biosensors to monitor in real time the intracellular levels of relevant biomolecules/enzymes. This review examines recent advances in the use of nanoparticles for stem cell tracking, differentiation and biosensing. We further discuss their utility and the potential concerns regarding their cytotoxicity. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 746–752, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the minimum degree of minimal Ramsey graphs
Authors: Szabó Tibor , Zumstein Philipp , Zürcher Stefanie 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe investigate the minimization problem of the minimum degree of minimal Ramsey graphs, initiated by Burr et al. We determine the corresponding graph parameter for numerous bipartite graphs, including bi‐regular bipartite graphs and forests. We also make initial progress for graphs of larger chromatic number. Numerous interesting problems remain open. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 64: 150–164, 2010
Diastereoselective synthesis of γ‐dispiroiminolactone bearing naphthalene or bipyridine pendant groups
Authors: Maghsoodlou Malek T. , Hazeri Nourollah , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed M. , Ziyaadini Morteza , Marandi Ghasem , Khandan‐Barani Khatereh , Ebrahimi Pouneh , Charati Faramarz Rostami , Sobolev Alexandre , Makha Mohamed 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
magnified imageDiastereoselective γ‐dispiroiminolactone products 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, 4i, 4j, 4k, 4l, 4m were obtained from a condensation of the highly reactive 1:1 intermediate of isocyanides and acetylenic esters with aromatic α‐dicarbonyls compounds 3a, b. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
An efficient and stereoselective synthesis of pyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyridine derivatives under microwave heating
Authors: Peng Ju‐Hua , Hao Wen‐Juan , Tu Shu‐Jiang 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA practical, inexpensive, and rapid method for the stereoselective synthesis of pyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyridine derivatives via microwave‐assisted reactions of 3,5‐diarylidenepiperidin‐4‐ones with phenylhydrazine in ethylene glycol. This method has the advantages of good yield, operational simplicity, and simple purification procedure. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Penta‐deuterated acid precursors in the pheromone biosynthesis of the Egyptian armyworm, Spodoptera littoralis
Authors: Muñoz Lourdes , Rosell Gloria , Guerrero Angel 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSynthesis of penta‐deuterated intermediate precursors d5(E)‐11‐14:Acid (7), d5(Z)‐11‐14:Acid (10) and d514:Acid (12) of the pheromone of the Egyptian armyworm Spodoptera littoralis has been accomplished by a very convenient route starting from the commercially available 9‐dodecyn‐1‐ol. The processes occur with a high to excellent chemical and stereochemical yields and the compounds have been successfully used in the confirmation of the pheromone composition and biosynthesis of our strain. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.