bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteopontin Expression in Cardiomyocytes Induces Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Renault Marie-Ange , Robbesyn Fanny , Réant Patricia , Douin Victorine , Daret Danièle , Allières Cécile , Belloc Isabelle , Couffinhal Thierry , Arnal Jean-François , Klingel Karin , Desgranges Claude , Dos Santos Pierre , Charpentier Flavien , Gadeau Alain-Pierre 
Published: March 2010

Background—
Inflammatory processes play a critical role in myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. The expression of the inflammatory chemokine osteopontin (OPN) is dramatically increased in cardiomyocytes and inflammatory cells during myocarditis and heart failure in human and animals. However, its role in the development of heart diseases is not known.

Methods and Results—
To understand whether OPN is involved in cardiomyopathies, we generated a transgenic mouse (MHC-OPN) that specifically overexpresses OPN in cardiomyocytes with cardiac-specific promoter-directed OPN expression. Young MHC-OPN mice were phenotypically indistinguishable from their control littermates, but most of them died prematurely with a half-life of 12 weeks of age. Electrocardiography revealed conduction defects. Echocardiography showed left ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction. Histological analysis revealed cardiomyocyte loss, severe fibrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Most of these inflammatory cells were activated T cells with Th1 polarization and cytotoxic activity. Autoantibodies against OPN, cardiac myosin, or troponin I, were not found in the serum of MHC-OPN mice.

Conclusions—
These data show that OPN expression in the heart induces in vivo T-cell recruitment and activation leading to chronic myocarditis, the consequence of which is myocyte destruction and hence, dilated cardiomyopathy. Thus, OPN might therefore constitute a potential therapeutic target to limit heart failure.
The Magnitude Representation of Small and Large Symbolic Numbers in the Left and Right Hemisphere: An Event-related fMRI Study
Authors: Notebaert Karolien , Nelis Sabine , Reynvoet Bert 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Numbers are known to be processed along the left and right intraparietal sulcus. The present study investigated hemispheric differences between the magnitude representation of small and large symbolic numbers. To this purpose, an fMRI adaptation paradigm was used, where the continuous presentation of a habituation number was interrupted by an occasional deviant number. The results presented a distance-dependent increase of activation: larger ratios of habituation and deviant number caused a larger recovery of activation. Similar activation patterns were observed for small and large symbolic numbers, which is in line with the idea of a more coarse magnitude representation for large numbers. Interestingly, this pattern of activation was only observed in the left parietal cortex, supporting the recently proposed idea of Ansari [Ansari, D. Does the parietal cortex distinguish between “10”, “Ten,” and Ten Dots? Neuron, 53, 165–167, 2007] that the left parietal cortex is specialized in the processing of encultured symbolically presented numbers.
Stepped Pools, Stone Vessels, and other Identity Markers of “Complex Common Judaism”
Authors: Miller Stuart S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe interpretation of archaeological finds in light of Talmudic evidence has often resulted in simplistic, “one-to-one” correlations that distort our understanding of “Judaism” in Graeco-Roman Palestine. This is especially true of “stepped pools” and stone vessels which, when seen as markers of Jewish ethnicity, need to be understood with the biblical tradition in mind. Biblical notions of purity and holiness further enable us to appreciate the persistence of ritual purity practices after 70 C.E. The subsequent efforts of the rabbis to regulate such practices, especially those pertaining to sexuality and the household, reflect the tenacity of biblical perceptions of purity and holiness especially among commoners, who had their own understanding of their significance. Once it is realized that the boundaries between Jews were not strictly drawn, material finds can be better assessed, and rabbinic Judaism can be properly understood as having evolved out of a biblically derived, “complex common Judaism.”
Influence of cellulase gene knockdown by dsRNA interference on the development and reproduction of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Cheng Xin-Yue , Dai Su-Ming , Xiao Luo , Xie Bing-Yan 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Cellulase genes are very important for plant-parasitic nematodes to move and
feed within their host plants. The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus
xylophilus, causes destructive damage by killing pine trees. In this study,
by employing dsRNA interference technology, knockdown of a cellulase gene
(Bx-eng-1) of B. xylophilus was achieved and the biological effects of RNAi
on the nematode were observed. The result showed that, after 24 h soaking,
dsRNA of the Bx-eng-1 gene was effectively delivered into the nematode
causing a post-transcriptional gene silencing and decrease in cellulase
activity. Moreover, the number of F1 generation offspring was reduced
significantly when the dsRNA-treated nematodes were cultured on fungal mats.
We consider that cellulase is important to B. xylophilus because it not only
hydrolyses cellulose of plant cell wall for its parasitism and penetration
in host plants, but also influences its feeding, development and propagation
on fungal mats.
Nematode resistance of rape-radish chromosome addition lines
Authors: Peterka Herbert , Budahn Holger , Zhang Shao Song , Li Jin Bin 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Oilseed radish is resistant to the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii
Schmidt), interrupting the life cycle of this sedentary pathogen by blocking
feeding cell development in the root. A complete set of nine disomic
rape-radish chromosome additions, a to i, derived from a susceptible
rapeseed parent as recipient and a resistant radish as chromosome donor, was
assayed for nematode resistance. The addition line d exhibited the
resistance level of the radish parent, confirming previous results that
radish chromosome d carries a dominant gene, Hs1Rph, for nematode
resistance. It was investigated if Hs1Rph is effective against a further
important sedentary parasite, the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne
hapla. The set of chromosome addition lines and the parents, rape and
radish, were inoculated with second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. hapla and the
plant reaction was evaluated by counting the number of egg masses per root
system. By contrast to the situation in H. schachtii, the radish parent as
well as addition line d showed no resistance against M. hapla and was even
more susceptible than rape. It was concluded that the resistance gene
Hs1Rph, which inhibits syncytium development of H. schachtii, is ineffective
against M. hapla, a nematode inducing giant cell formation. Most added
radish chromosomes significantly changed the number of egg masses in the
recipient rape towards higher susceptibility. Two chromosomes enhanced the
egg mass number beyond that of the chromosome donor radish. However, one
radish chromosome decreased the egg mass production in the corresponding
addition line below that in rape. This wide range of effects of the
individual radish chromosomes in the rape background indicates a
quantitative inheritance of host suitability to M. hapla and a complex
interaction between the pathogen and radish.
Behavioural quiescence reduces the penetration and toxicity of exogenous compounds in second-stage juveniles of Heterodera glycines
Authors: Schroeder Nathan E. , MacGuidwin Ann E. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Inactivity in nematodes is often correlated with survival of adverse
environments. The non-feeding second-stage juvenile (J2) of Heterodera
glycines must survive in a soil environment that may contain numerous
toxins. In this report, we show that quiescent J2 of H. glycines survived
higher concentrations of both ethanol and the plant-derived compound, allyl
isothiocyanate, compared with actively moving nematodes. The mechanism for
this quiescence-mediated resistance was investigated using fluorescein
isothiocyanate (FITC). There was a reduction in the penetration of FITC in
quiescent J2 of H. glycines compared with that in actively moving
non-feeding J2. Furthermore, exposure of quiescent nematodes to octopamine,
an invertebrate neurotransmitter, induced activity and a subsequent increase
in FITC penetration compared with quiescent nematodes exposed to FITC alone.
These data demonstrate that behavioural quiescence is correlated with
exclusion of the compound from the body of the nematode. Finally, the entry
point of FITC into the nematode was examined by the application of a
veterinary cyanoacrylate adhesive to occlude either the cephalic or caudal
openings of the nematodes. Nematodes glued at the anterior end showed a
significant reduction in fluorescence compared with nematodes glued on the
posterior end and non-glued nematodes. Thus, the entry of FITC is primarily
through openings in the cephalic region. This research is the first report
of behavioural quiescence correlated with reduced sensitivity to toxins in a
plant-parasitic nematode, and provides insight into how these important
organisms cope with stress due to exogenous toxins.
Development and functional structure of epiphytic nematode communities on the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum in Lake Sakadaš, Kopački Rit, Croatia
Authors: Vidaković Jasna , Palijan Goran 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe structural and functional diversity of epiphytic nematodes associated with the submerged macrophyte species, Ceratophyllum demersum, were investigated from July to September 2004 at three stations in the floodplain lake, Lake Sakadaš, Croatia. At stations I and II, C. demersum was dominant in the macrophyte patches. At station III, Myriophyllum spicatum was the dominant macrophyte species. When analysis of nematode species composition was done by grouping species with decreasing abundance, a community structure was evident on macrophytes that grew in different parts of the lake. When the abundance of nematodes was taken into account, C. demersum, which grew in different parts of the lake, was not associated with a unique nematode functional structure, and different trophic groups of nematodes were dominant at different stations. Eutobrilus nothus was the dominant nematode species for station I and chewers were the dominant functional group. Eutobrilus nothus, Eumonhystera sp. 1 and Eumonhystera filiformis vulgaris group were abundant nematode species for station II and consequently chewers and detritus feeders dominated at different periods of the investigation. Nematodes from station III were characterised by the highest nematode abundance where Chromadorina bioculata was the dominant species, and epistrate feeders were the dominant functional group. A part of our previously published results was reanalysed in this paper to enable comparison of nematode communities established on C. demersum with those developed on M. spicatum. There was no difference in the nematode functional structure between macrophyte species at the same station when the abundance of dominant species was taken into account, i.e., the same trophic structure was established.
A cyst nematode 'species factory' called the Andes
Authors: Grenier Eric , Fournet Sylvain , Petit Eric , Anthoine Géraldine 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, is a major pest of potato, a plant
native to South America. To investigate its phylogeography, an extensive
sampling survey was conducted in 2002 in Peru and has laid the foundations
of the ancient evolutionary history of this nematode species. We argue that
the uplift of the Andes Mountains has triggered a variety of adaptive biotic
radiations for Solanaceous plant-parasitic nematodes and has represented a
key factor for the evolution and specialisation of Globodera species. We
discuss the consequences of the wide genetic diversity observed in South
American populations on the efficiency and durability of potato resistance
and also the reliability of current molecular identification tools for
quarantine purposes. Finally, we emphasise the need to get a more in-depth
taxonomic characterisation of some of these nematode populations, and to
conduct more extensive sampling in South America, especially south of Lake
Titicaca, in order to understand fully potato cyst nematode evolution and
their adaptation to their host plants.
Phylogenetic relationships, based on SSU rDNA sequences, among the didelphic genera of the family Trichodoridae from Portugal
Authors: Duarte Isabel M. , de Almeida Maria Teresa M. , Brown Derek J.F. , Marques Isabel , Neilson Roy , Decraemer Wilfrida 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A survey of virus vector trichodorid nematodes was carried out in the central
and northern regions of Portugal. Morphobiometric identification showed the
presence of trichodorid species previously reported from Portugal, except
for Paratrichodorus porosus, which is reported for the first time in
Continental Europe. Small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences of ten
different species occurring in Portugal were obtained and a phylogenetic
analysis based on their alignment was performed to infer relationships among
the different Portuguese trichodorid species and three non-indigenous
populations (Nanidorus minor, P. allius and P. teres). The resulting
phylogenetic tree is in agreement with the currently accepted classification
for Trichodoridae, except for Nanidorus, which clusters together with
Trichodorus species, while the genera Paratrichodorus and Trichodorus appear
as two distinct groups. A better understanding of the generic groupings in
the family Trichodoridae was found. Based on the new molecular analyses we
herein accept Nanidorus as a valid genus.
A Quest for Effective Hygroscopic Cloud Seeding
Authors: Rosenfeld Daniel , Axisa Duncan , Woodley William L. , Lahav Ronen 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
It is shown here that hygroscopic seeding requires two orders of magnitude more hygroscopic agent than can be delivered by flare technology for producing raindrop embryos in concentrations to detect by cloud physics aircraft the microphysical signature of rain initiation. An alternative method of finely milled salt powder is shown to be capable of achieving this goal. During field experiments the use of a sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas tracer to identify the exact seeded cloud volume and to quantify dilution of the seeding agent showed that the seeding agent dilutes to the order of 10−10 of its released concentration in updrafts at a height of ≥1 km above cloud base. This means that the theoretically expected changes in the cloud drop size distribution (DSD) would not be detectable with a cloud droplet spectrometer in a measurement volume collected during the several seconds that the seeded volume is traversed by an aircraft. The actual measurements failed to identify a clear microphysical seeding signature from the burning of hygroscopic flares within the seeded convective clouds. This uncertainty with respect to hygroscopic flare–seeding experiments prompted an experimental and theoretical search for optimal hygroscopic seeding materials. This search culminated in the production of a salt powder having 2–5-μm-diameter particle sizes that are optimal according to model simulations, and can be distributed from a crop duster aircraft. Such particles act as giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN). Any potential broadening of the DSD at cloud base by the competition effect (i.e., when the seeded aerosols compete with the natural ambient aerosols for water vapor) occurs when the seeding agent has not been substantially diluted, and hence affects only a very small cloud volume that dilutes quickly. Therefore, the main expected effect of the GCCN is probably to serve as raindrop embryos. The salt powder–seeding method is more productive by two orders of magnitude than the hygroscopic flares in producing GCCN that can initiate rain in clouds with naturally suppressed warm rain processes, because of a combination of change in the particle size distribution and the greater seeding rate that is practical with the powder. Experimental seeding of salt powder in conjunction with the simultaneous release of an SF6 gas tracer produced strong seeding signatures, indicating that the methodology works as hypothesized. The efficacy of the accelerated warm rain processes in altering rainfall amounts may vary under different conditions, and requires additional research that involves both observations and simulations.
Asymmetry of the Indian Ocean Basinwide SST Anomalies: Roles of ENSO and IOD
Authors: Hong Chi-Cherng , Li Tim , LinHo  , Chen Yin-Chen 
Published: March 2010

A basinwide warming (cooling) in the Indian Ocean is observed following the El Niño (La Niña) mature phase, with the amplitude of the warming being significantly larger than the cooling. A composite analysis reveals that the amplitude asymmetry (positive skewness) between the warm and cold Indian Ocean basinwide sea surface temperature anomaly pattern (IOB) appears only when ENSO is concurrent with the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The amplitude asymmetry becomes insignificant during the ENSO-only and the IOD-only events. The physical mechanism for the amplitude asymmetry is investigated by analyzing the mixed layer heat budget based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) 2.0.2 data. It is found that the positive skewness in the IOD west pole (IODW) is mainly caused by the asymmetry of ocean temperature advection, whereas the positive skewness in the IOD east pole (IODE) is caused by the asymmetry of the surface heat flux anomaly (primarily shortwave radiation) in response to the ENSO remote forcing. The asymmetry of the mixed layer depth (MLD) between warm and cold events is another factor contributing to the IOB positive skewness. The MLD in IODE during the warm events (27 m) is shallower than that of the cold events (45 m), resulting a larger (smaller) temperature tendency during the warm (cold) events. In contrast, the MLD in IODW during the warm events (44 m) is deeper than that of the cold events (37 m). Because the positive skewness in IODW is caused by the ocean temperature advection and the surface heat flux plays a damping role, a larger (smaller) MLD leads to a weaker (stronger) thermodynamic damping. Thus the asymmetry of MLD in both IODE and IODW favors a greater basinwide warming than cooling.
The Distal Triceps Tendon Footprint and a Biomechanical Analysis of 3 Repair Techniques
Authors: Yeh Peter C. , Stephens Kelly T. , Solovyova Olga , Obopilwe Elifho , Smart Lawson R. , Mazzocca Augustus D. , Sethi Paul M. 
Published: March 2010

Background Anatomic repair of tendon ruptures is an important goal of surgical treatment. There are limited data on the triceps brachii insertion, footprint, and anatomic reconstruction of the distal triceps tendon. Hypothesis An anatomic repair of distal triceps tendon ruptures more closely imitates the preinjury anatomy and may result in a more durable repair. Study Design Descriptive and controlled laboratory studies. Methods The triceps tendon footprint was measured in 27 cadaveric elbows, and a distal tendon rupture was created. Elbows were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 repair groups: cruciate repair group, suture anchor group, and anatomic repair group. Biomechanical measurement of load at yield and peak load were measured. Cyclic loading was performed for a total of 1500 cycles and displacement measured. Results The average bony footprint of the triceps tendon was 466 mm2. Cyclic loading of tendons from the 3 repair types demonstrated that the anatomic repair produced the least amount of displacement when compared with the other repair types (P < .05). Load at yield and peak load were similar for all repair types (P > .05). Conclusion The triceps bony footprint is a large area on the olecranon that should be considered when repairing distal triceps tendon ruptures. Anatomic repair of triceps tendon ruptures demonstrated the most anatomic restoration of distal triceps ruptures and showed statistically significantly less repair-site motion when cyclically loaded. Clinical Relevance Anatomic repair better restores preinjury anatomy compared with other types of repairs and demonstrates less repair-site motion, which may play a role in early postoperative management.
The receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit controls IL-33 receptor signaling in mast cells
Authors: Drube Sebastian , Heink Sylvia , Walter Sabine , Löhn Tobias , Grusser Mandy , Gerbaulet Alexander , Berod Luciana , Schons Julia , Dudeck Anne , Freitag Jenny , Grotha Stefan , Reich Daniela , Rudeschko Olga , Norgauer Johannes , Hartmann Karin , Roers Axel , Kamradt Thomas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMembers of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) family are of importance for host defense and inflammation. Here we report that the TIR-family member interleukin-33R (IL-33R) cross-activates the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit in human and murine mast cells. The IL-33R–induced activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2), protein kinase B (PKB), and Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) depends on c-Kit and is required to elicit optimal effector functions. Costimulation with the c-Kit ligand stem cell factor (SCF) is necessary for IL-33–induced cytokine production in primary mast cells. The structural basis for this cross-activation is the complex formation between c-Kit, IL-33R, and IL-1R accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). We found that c-Kit and IL-1RAcP interact constitutively and that IL-33R joins this complex upon ligand binding. Our findings support a model in which signals from seemingly disparate receptors are integrated for full cellular responses.
Enumeration of human antigen–specific naive CD8+ T cells reveals conserved precursor frequencies
Authors: Alanio Cécile , Lemaitre Fabrice , Law Helen K. W. , Hasan Milena , Albert Matthew L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe number of antigen-specific naive CD8+ T cells is believed to be important in the shaping of adaptive immune responses, and is predictive for the magnitude of priming responses in mouse models. Because of extremely low precursor frequencies, knowledge about these cells comes from indirect techniques and estimations. Here, we present a strategy based on the combination of tetramer staining, magnetic-bead enrichment, and multiparametric cytometry, which permitted direct detection and analysis of CD8+ T cells reactive for 6 different naive epitopes (MART-126-35, HIV-1 Gag p1777-85, hepatitis C virus [HCV] NS31406-1415, HCV Core132-140, NY-ESO-1157-165, and cytomegalovirus [CMV] pp65495-503). Interestingly, we detected higher than 100-fold differences in precursor frequency across these epitopes (from 0.6 × 10−6 to 1.3 × 10−4), but conserved frequencies among humans. Development of a procedure for direct assessment of T-cell precursor frequency in humans has important implications, with particular relevance to vaccine development and monitoring of tumor and self-reactive T cells.