bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Text Messages to Promote Physical Activity in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Micro-Randomized Trial of a Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention
Authors: Golbus Jessica R. , Shi Jieru , Gupta Kashvi , Stevens Rachel , Jeganathan V.Swetha E. , Luff Evan , Boyden Thomas , Mukherjee Bhramar , Kohnstamm Sarah , Taralunga Vlad , Kheterpal Vik , Kheterpal Sachin , Resnicow Kenneth , Murphy Susan , Dempsey Walter , Klasnja Predrag , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Text messages may enhance physical activity levels in patients with cardiovascular disease, including those enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation. However, the independent and long-term effects of text messages remain uncertain.

METHODS:
The VALENTINE study (Virtual Application-supported Environment to Increase Exercise) was a micro-randomized trial that delivered text messages through a smartwatch (Apple Watch or Fitbit Versa) to participants initiating cardiac rehabilitation. Participants were randomized 4× per day over 6-months to receive no text message or a message encouraging low-level physical activity. Text messages were tailored on contextual factors (eg, weather). Our primary outcome was step count 60 minutes following a text message, and we used a centered and weighted least squares mean method to estimate causal effects. Given potential measurement differences between devices determined a priori, data were assessed separately for Apple Watch and Fitbit Versa users over 3 time periods corresponding to the initiation (0–30 days), maintenance (31–120 days), and completion (121–182 days) of cardiac rehabilitation.

RESULTS:
One hundred eight participants were included with 70 552 randomizations over 6 months; mean age was 59.5 (SD, 10.7) years with 36 (32.4%) female and 68 (63.0%) Apple Watch participants. For Apple Watch participants, text messages led to a trend in increased step count by 10% in the 60-minutes following a message during days 1 to 30 (95% CI, −1% to +20%), with no effect from days 31 to 120 (+1% [95% CI, −4% to +5%]), and a significant 6% increase during days 121 to 182 (95% CI, +0% to +11%). For Fitbit users, text messages significantly increased step count by 17% (95% CI, +7% to +28%) in the 60-minutes following a message in the first 30 days of the study with no effect subsequently.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation, contextually tailored text messages may increase physical activity, but this effect varies over time and by device.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04587882.
Rethinking Instrumental Interface Design: The MetaBow
Authors: Alonso Trillo Roberto , Nelson Peter A. C. , Michailidis Tychonas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough extensive research has been conducted over the past two decades on the development and implementation of sensors using inertial movement units for violin bows, most of these new interfaces share a common drawback—bulky and user-unfriendly design. Despite the advancements in sensor data processing for composition, performance, and pedagogy, interface design remains a critical bottleneck for the real-world implementation of these sensor-embedded devices. Our study introduces MetaBow, a low-cost, nonintrusive frog design for violin bows that can accommodate either a standard sensor kit or a custom-designed board. This interface eliminates the need for additional physical training and maintains the integrity of traditional violin performance mechanisms. We thus view MetaBow as heralding a new era in digital music interface design for the violin family with the potential for seamless human–computer and human–machine collaboration in music practice and performance.
Automatic segmentation of the spinal cord nerve rootlets
Authors: Valošek Jan , Mathieu Theo , Schlienger Raphaëlle , Kowalczyk Olivia S. , Cohen-Adad Julien 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Precise identification of spinal nerve rootlets is relevant to delineate spinal levels for the study of functional activity in the spinal cord. The goal of this study was to develop an automatic method for the semantic segmentation of spinal nerve rootlets from T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Images from two open-access 3T MRI datasets were used to train a 3D multi-class convolutional neural network using an active learning approach to segment C2-C8 dorsal nerve rootlets. Each output class corresponds to a spinal level. The method was tested on 3T T2-weighted images from three datasets unseen during training to assess inter-site, inter-session, and inter-resolution variability. The test Dice score was 0.67 ± 0.16 (mean ± standard deviation across testing images and rootlets levels), suggesting a good performance. The method also demonstrated low inter-vendor and inter-site variability (coefficient of variation ≤ 1.41%), as well as low inter-session variability (coefficient of variation ≤ 1.30%), indicating stable predictions across different MRI vendors, sites, and sessions. The proposed methodology is open-source and readily available in the Spinal Cord Toolbox (SCT) v6.2 and higher.
On Recoding Ordered Treatments as Binary Indicators
Authors: Rose Evan K. , Shem-Tov Yotam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Researchers using instrumental variables to investigate ordered treatments often recode treatment into an indicator for any exposure. We investigate this estimand under the assumption that the instruments shift compliers from no treatment to some but not from some treatment to more. We show that when there are extensive margin compliers only (EMCO) this estimand captures a weighted average of treatment effects that can be partially unbundled into each complier group's potential outcome means. We also establish an equivalence between EMCO and a two-factor selection model and apply our results to study treatment heterogeneity in the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment.
Rooted in Society?
Authors: Makulilo Alexander , Mehler Andreas , Haji Mohamed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In 2010, Zanzibar, a sub-state within the United Republic of Tanzania, became a unique case of power sharing in Africa. The country conducted a referendum before establishing a government of national unity and entrenched it in Zanzibar’s Constitution of 1984. The aim was to make the power-sharing system durable and rooted in society to achieve peace and development. Nevertheless, a political system must be accepted, practised and routinised to be rooted in society. Usually, peace settlements involve elites, who negotiate, sign and occasionally benefit from the pact—and Zanzibar is not an exception. What is missing in peace negotiations is the broad-based participation of the citizens. Based on a survey and expert interviews, this article examines how power sharing in Zanzibar has nevertheless become rooted in society over time.
The ‘New Catholicity’ of Fascism
Authors: Muraca Simone 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article highlights the intellectual trajectory of the Spanish writer Ernesto Gimenez Caballero (1899–1988) as mediator of fascist internationalism during the 1930s. Caballero, a writer and journalists, was known in Italy thanks to important friendships with leading intellectual, diplomatic and political figures of the Fascist regime. His theory of fascist universalism, presented at the Volta Conference of 1932, identified fascism as the true, unifying principle of Europe. He regarded fascism as ‘the new Catholicity’ of Europe. Inspired by ‘the thaumaturgic genius’ of Mussolini, Caballero pointed out that the center of this new Europe was Rome, which he considered had been reborn with the glories of the ancient times after a long period of uncertainty. The article will explore the key features of Caballero’s idea and their origins within his intellectual biography, stressing the role of personal and transnational networking in the construction of his vision.
Associations of Depression and Cognition in Acute, Chronic, and Recurrent Cerebrovascular Accidents: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhogaraju Anand , Gopichand Sreevani 
Published: June 2024

Background: About 10% of first-time strokes and 30% of recurrent strokes develop into post-stroke cognitive impairment and are severe when associated with post-stroke depression. Objectives: To examine the association of depression and cognitive impairment in patients after a stroke in acute, subacute, or chronic phases. Methods: Cross-sectional data of CT/MRI brain-confirmed stroke patients was obtained after protocol approval by the ethics committee. Socio-demographic data, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9), the Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination (ACE3), and the Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living were administered. Normality assumptions and frequencies with percentages were assessed for continuous data. One-way ANOVA for group comparisons and Spearman’s nonparametric correlation with matrix plot display were done. Results: Stroke patients (13 with acute, 8 each with chronic and recurrent) aged 46–80 years were recruited. Higher Barthel Index scores across all groups were seen. Mean PHQ9 scores were in the moderate depression range with no differences among groups. The mean (SD) ACE3 attention score in acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA), 13.62 (2.76), was significantly higher than in chronic CVA, 9.63 (5.50). ACE3 language score was 20.15 (3.72) in acute CVA and 14.75 (6.84) in chronic CVA. Significant negative correlations were seen in ACE3 Memory in acute –.56 and in chronic cases- Attention –.76, Memory –.79, Fluency –.76. All CVA groups had moderate depression. Chronic CVA impacts cognition associated with depression more than other groups. Conclusion: The study shows a need for the assessment of cognitive impairments and depression for CVAs even where activities of daily living were better.
Comparison of staining quality between rapid and routine hematoxylin and eosin staining of frozen breast tissue sections: an observational study
Authors: Ma Zhen Yi , Zhang Xiao Fang , Hu Yan Ze , Zhu Min Da , Jin Jia , Qian Ping 
Published: June 2024

Objective To compare the staining quality between rapid hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and routine H&E staining of frozen breast tissue sections. Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, 120 frozen breast tissue sections were randomly assigned to rapid or routine H&E staining ( n = 60 per group). Rapid H&E staining used a 7:1 mixture of modified Gill’s hematoxylin and alcohol-soluble 1% eosin Y. The staining quality of each section was evaluated and scored. A score of >7 was considered excellent, a score of 6 to 7 good, and a score of ≤5 poor. Results The staining time for rapid staining was approximately 3 minutes, whereas that of routine staining was approximately 12 minutes. There were no significant differences in the staining quality scores or proportions of sections in each grade between the two staining methods. The proportions of sections that were classified as excellent or good were 96.7% and 98.3% for rapid and routine staining, respectively. Conclusions In frozen breast tissue sections, rapid H&E staining may provide staining quality that is comparable to that of routine staining, while markedly reducing the staining time.
Evaluation of Sequential Oral Versus Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment of Enterococcus faecalis Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Loudermilk Carly , Eudy Joshua , Albrecht Stephanie , Slaton Cara N. , Stramel Stefanie , Tu Patrick , Albrecht Benjamin , Green Sarah B. , Bouchard Jeannette L. , Orvin Alison I. , Caveness Christian F. , Newsome Andrea Sikora , Bland Christopher M. , Anderson Daniel T. 
Published: June 2024

Background: Intravenous (IV) antibiotics have historically been considered standard of care for treatment of bloodstream infections (BSIs). Recent literature has shown sequential oral (PO) therapy to be noninferior to IV antibiotics for certain pathogens and disease states. However, a gap exists in the literature for BSI caused by Enterococcus faecalis. Objective: To compare outcomes of definitive sequential PO therapy to definitive IV therapy in patients with E faecalis BSI. Methods: Multicenter, retrospective, matched cohort study of adult patients with at least one blood culture positive for E faecalis from January 2017 to November 2022. Patients with polymicrobial BSI, concomitant infections requiring prolonged IV antibiotic therapy, those who did not receive antibiotic therapy, and those who died within 72 hours of index culture were excluded. Subjects were matched based on source of infection in a 2:1 (IV:PO) ratio. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality and treatment failure. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), antibiotic duration, and 30-day readmission rate. Results: Of the 186 patients who met criteria for inclusion, there was no statistically significant difference in the primary composite outcome for PO compared to IV therapy (14.5% vs 21.8%; OR 0.53 [0.23-1.25]) or 30-day readmission (17.5% vs 29%; OR 0.53 [0.25-1.13]). Hospital LOS was significantly longer in patients receiving IV-only therapy (6 days vs 14 days; P < 0.001). Conclusion and Relevance: Sequential oral therapy for E faecalis BSI had similar outcomes compared to IV-only treatment and may be considered in eligible patients.
Social connectedness and loneliness in school for autistic and allistic children
Authors: Tsou Yung-Ting , Nasri Maedeh , Li Boya , Blijd-Hoogewys Els M A , Baratchi Mitra , Koutamanis Alexander , Rieffe Carolien 
Published: June 2024

Autistic children are often reported less socially connected, while recent studies show autistic children experiencing more loneliness in school than allistic (i.e. non-autistic) children, contradicting the traditional view that autistic children lack social motivation. This study aimed to understand individual differences in how social connectedness is construed, between and within groups of autistic and allistic pupils, using a multimethod approach. Forty-seven autistic and 52 neurodiverse-allistic classmates from two special primary schools participated (8–13 years). Proximity sensors worn by pupils on playgrounds during recess measured (1) total time in face-to-face contacts, (2) number of contact partners, and (3) centrality in playground networks. Peer reports measured (4) reciprocal friendships and (5) centrality in classmate networks. To evaluate their feelings of connectedness, pupils rated the level of loneliness in school. Compared with allistic pupils, autistic pupils had fewer reciprocal friendships, but similar total time in social contacts, number of partners, classmate/playground centrality, and levels of loneliness. Lower levels of loneliness related to higher classmate centrality in autistic children, but longer time in social contacts in allistic children. For these autistic children, being liked as part of a peer group seems essential. Understanding relevant differences in children’s needs could lead to a more welcoming school climate. Lay abstract Many previous studies reported that autistic children have fewer social connections. Yet, recent studies also show that autistic children more often feel lonely in school than allistic (i.e. non-autistic) children. This outcome seems to go against the traditional view that autistic children do not desire to have social connections. Therefore, this study aimed to find out how autistic and allistic children feel about their social connections. We included 47 autistic and 52 neurodiverse-allistic children from two special education primary schools (aged 8–13 years). We tested their social connections and loneliness in school, through a new approach. This new approach includes questionnaires, and sensors for tracking social contacts on playgrounds during school breaks. We found that allistic children felt more loneliness when they spent little time in social contacts during school breaks. Yet, autistic children felt more loneliness when their peers did not like to play with them. For these autistic children, feelings of loneliness may go beyond face-to-face contacts. Being liked as part of a peer group was key. Understanding differences in children’s needs can lead to a more effective design for a welcoming school climate.
Potential Risk Factors for Predicting Fetal Shoulder Dystocia
Authors: Köse Caner , Karataş Baran Gonca , Özbek İbrahim Mert , Yilmaz Ergani Seval , Varli Erol Nadi , Karadeniz Rahmi Sinan , Engin Üstun Yaprak 
Published: June 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess maternal, obstetric, and fetal risk factors, as well as shoulder dystocia (SD) maneuvers and perinatal outcomes, in the management of SD. Materials and Methods: This descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 66 documented patient cases of SD from a pool of 36 390 singleton vaginal deliveries. This review was based on hospital deliveries that occurred between 2017 and 2022. In addition, 201 control cases were selected from a computer-assisted randomization program, which were based pregnancy, delivery, fetal, and newborn outcome data. Regression analysis was used to elucidate the relationship between SD and associated risk factors. Results: The SD group exhibited a significantly higher mean age ( p < .05) compared with control group. Notably, the abdominal circumference (AC) measurement (sensitivity = 81.8% and specificity = 91.0%) and birth weight (sensitivity = 62.4% and specificity = 91.5%) emerged as the most significant risk factors for SD. Conclusion: These retrospective findings may suggest that aside from birth weight and AC measurements, other risk factors for SD demonstrate low sensitivity. This work also underscored the unpredictable nature of this obstetric complication.
Hypersensitivity to BKCa channel opening in persistent post-traumatic headache
Authors: Al-Khazali Haidar M. , Christensen Rune H. , Dodick David W. , Chaudhry Basit Ali , Melchior Anna G. , Burstein Rami , Ashina Håkan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels have been implicated in the neurobiological underpinnings of migraine. Considering the clinical similarities between migraine and persistent post-traumatic headache (PPTH), we aimed to examine whether MaxiPost (a BKCa channel opener) could induce migraine-like headache in persons with PPTH.

Methods
This is a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover study from September 2023 to December 2023. Eligible participants were adults with PPTH after mild traumatic brain injury who reported having no personal history of migraine. The randomized participants received a single dose of either MaxiPost (0.05 mg/min) or placebo (isotonic saline) that was infused intravenously over 20 minutes. The two experiment sessions were scheduled at least one week apart to avoid potential carryover effects. The primary endpoint was the induction of migraine-like headache after MaxiPost as compared to placebo within 12 hours of drug administration. The secondary endpoint was the area under the curve (AUC) values for headache intensity scores between MaxiPost and placebo over the same 12-hour observation period.

Results
Twenty-one adult participants (comprising 14 females and 7 males) with PPTH were enrolled and completed both experiment sessions. The proportion of participants who developed migraine-like headache was 11 (52%) of 21 participants after MaxiPost infusion, in contrast to four (19%) participants following placebo (P = .02). Furthermore, the median headache intensity scores, represented by AUC values, were higher following MaxiPost than after placebo (P < .001).

Conclusions
Our results indicate that BKCa channel opening can elicit migraine-like headache in persons with PPTH. Thus, pharmacologic blockade of BKCa channels might present a novel avenue for drug discovery. Additional investigations are nonetheless needed to confirm these insights and explore the therapeutic prospects of BKCa channel blockers in managing PPTH.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT05378074.
Comparative mitochondrial genomics in Nematoda reveal astonishing variation in compositional biases and substitution rates indicative of multi-level selection
Authors: Gendron Eli M. S. , Qing Xue , Sevigny Joseph L. , Li Hongmei , Liu Zhiyin , Blaxter Mark , Powers Thomas O. , Thomas W. Kelly , Porazinska Dorota L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundNematodes are the most abundant and diverse metazoans on Earth, and are known to significantly affect ecosystem functioning. A better understanding of their biology and ecology, including potential adaptations to diverse habitats and lifestyles, is key to understanding their response to global change scenarios. Mitochondrial genomes offer high species level characterization, low cost of sequencing, and an ease of data handling that can provide insights into nematode evolutionary pressures.ResultsGenerally, nematode mitochondrial genomes exhibited similar structural characteristics (e.g., gene size and GC content), but displayed remarkable variability around these general patterns. Compositional strand biases showed strong codon position specific G skews and relationships with nematode life traits (especially parasitic feeding habits) equal to or greater than with predicted phylogeny. On average, nematode mitochondrial genomes showed low non-synonymous substitution rates, but also high clade specific deviations from these means. Despite the presence of significant mutational saturation, non-synonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) substitution rates could still be significantly explained by feeding habit and/or habitat. Low ratios of dN:dS rates, particularly associated with the parasitic lifestyles, suggested the presence of strong purifying selection.ConclusionsNematode mitochondrial genomes demonstrated a capacity to accumulate diversity in composition, structure, and content while still maintaining functional genes. Moreover, they demonstrated a capacity for rapid evolutionary change pointing to a potential interaction between multi-level selection pressures and rapid evolution. In conclusion, this study helps establish a background for our understanding of the potential evolutionary pressures shaping nematode mitochondrial genomes, while outlining likely routes of future inquiry.