bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting ASK1 by CS17919 alleviates kidney‐ and liver‐related diseases in murine models
Authors: Liao Guoqiang , Yang Qianjiao , Mao Xuhua , Zhao Yiru , Chen Beizhong , Zhang Kun , Zhang Yu , Zhang Ping , Chen Zhengli , Huang Shengjian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundApoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a MAP3K kinase in the MAPK signaling pathway activated by stressors and triggers downstream biological effects such as inflammation and apoptosis; therefore, inhibition of ASK1 kinase activity can protect cells from pathological injury. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel selective ASK1 inhibitor, CS17919, and investigated its pharmacological effects in various animal models of metabolic injury.MethodsFirst, we validated the ability of CS17919 to inhibit ASK1 in vitro and then tested the safety profile of CS17919 in cell lines compared with Selonsertib (GS‐4997), a phase III ASK1 inhibitor. We then conducted pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in mice. Finally, we tested the in vivo efficacy of CS17919 in murine models of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).ResultsCompared to GS‐4997, CS17919 demonstrated comparable inhibition of ASK1 in vitro, exhibited lower toxicity, and provided greater protection in palmitic acid‐treated LO2 cells. CS17919 also showed pronounced pharmacokinetic properties such as a high plasma concentration. In the unilateral ureteral obstruction model (UUO), CS17919 and GS‐4997 preserved kidney function and showed a non‐significant tendency to alleviate kidney fibrosis. In the diabetic kidney disease (DKD) model, CS17919 significantly improved serum creatinine and glomerular sclerosis. In the NASH model, the combination of CS17919 and a THRβ agonist (CS27109) was found to significantly improve liver inflammation and substantially reduced liver fibrosis.ConclusionsCS17919 showed cell protective, anti‐inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its therapeutic potential for metabolic‐related kidney and liver diseases.
Unconventional Hole Doping of S = ½ Kagome Antiferromagnet CoCu3(OH)6Cl2
Authors: Mandal Rimpa , Ninawe Pranay , Ananthram K. S. , Mhase Akash , Gupta Kriti , Saha Sauvik , Ugale Ajay , Singh Kirandeep , Tarafder Kartick , Ballav Nirmalya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGeometrically perfect S = ½ kagome lattices with frustrated magnetism are typically electrical insulators. Electron or hole doping is predicted to induce an exotic conducting state including superconductivity. Herein, an unconventional strategy of doping an S = ½ kagome lattice CoCu3(OH)6Cl2 is adopted – a structural analogue of a well‐known quantum spin liquid (QSL) candidate herbertsmithite (ZnCu3(OH)6Cl2) – by integrating it with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via in situ redox chemistry. Such an integration drastically enhances the electrical conductivity, resulting in the transformation of an insulator to a semiconductor, corroborating the respective density of states obtained from the density functional theory calculations. Estimation of the magnetic moments, data on the Hall‐effect measurements, Bader charge analysis, and photoemission signals, altogether provide a bold signature of remote hole doping in CoCu3(OH)6Cl2 by rGO. The remote doping provides an alternative to the site doping approach to impart exotic electronic properties in spin liquid candidates, specifically, the generation of topological states like Dirac metal is envisioned.
Will 2024 be the first year that global temperature exceeds 1.5°C?
Authors: Dunstone Nick J. , Smith Doug M. , Atkinson Chris , Colman Andrew , Folland Chris , Hermanson Leon , Ineson Sarah , Killick Rachel , Morice Colin , Rayner Nick , Seabrook Melissa , Scaife Adam A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlobal mean near surface temperature change is the key metric by which our warming climate is monitored and for which international climate policy is set. At the end of each year the Met Office issues a global mean temperature forecast for the coming year. Following on from the new record in 2023, we predict that 2024 will likely (76% chance) be a new record year with a 1‐in‐3 chance of exceeding 1.5°C above pre‐industrial. Whilst a one‐year temporary exceedance of 1.5°C would not constitute a breach of the Paris Agreement target, our forecast highlights how close we are now to this. Our 2024 forecast is primarily driven by the strong warming trend of +0.2°C/decade (1981–2023) and secondly by the lagged warming effect of a strong tropical Pacific El Niño event. We highlight that 2023 itself was significantly warmer than the Met Office DePreSys3 forecast, with much of this additional observed warming coming from the southern hemisphere, the cause of which requires further understanding.
Ethos within the British boarding school: A small‐scale analysis of the ‘Head's Welcome’ as an act of legitimation
Authors: Round Matthew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe term ethos is common within schools, describing culture and ‘feel’ of the institution. Ethos is also a contested term, and one that becomes more problematic the more one tries to understand it. Because ethos is founded within philosophical, structural and geographical aspects of the community and associated power balances, it is argued here that it provides an opportunity to study one aspect of the Bordieuan field of power, more specifically doxa. This paper posits that it may be beneficial to consider the term ethos through the lens of doxa, specifically when considering elite schools, and that doing so helps to further link the research into elite English boarding school ethos and discussions surrounding power, inculcation, authority, elitism and class within such schools. An analysis of the Head's Welcome from the websites of English independent boarding schools was undertaken, which identified both institutional and sector‐wide doxa, which were used to construct descriptive pictures of legitimation.
Internal validation of Automated Visual Evaluation (AVE) on smartphone images for cervical cancer screening in a prospective study in Zambia
Authors: Hu Liming , Mwanahamuntu Mulindi H. , Sahasrabuddhe Vikrant V. , Barrett Caroline , Horning Matthew P. , Shah Ishan , Laverriere Zohreh , Banik Dipayan , Ji Ye , Shibemba Aaron Lunda , Chisele Samson , Munalula Mukatimui Kalima , Kaunga Friday , Musonda Francis , Malyangu Evans , Hariharan Karen Milch , Parham Groesbeck P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesVisual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is a low‐cost approach for cervical cancer screening used in most low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) but, similar to other visual tests, is subjective and requires sustained training and quality assurance. We developed, trained, and validated an artificial‐intelligence‐based “Automated Visual Evaluation” (AVE) tool that can be adapted to run on smartphones to assess smartphone‐captured images of the cervix and identify precancerous lesions, helping augment VIA performance.DesignProspective study.SettingEight public health facilities in Zambia.ParticipantsA total of 8204 women aged 25–55.InterventionsCervical images captured on commonly used low‐cost smartphone models were matched with key clinical information including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) status, plus histopathology analysis (where applicable), to develop and train an AVE algorithm and evaluate its performance for use as a primary screen and triage test for women who are HPV positive.Main Outcome MeasuresArea under the receiver operating curve (AUC); sensitivity; specificity.ResultsAs a general population screening tool for cervical precancerous lesions, AVE identified cases of cervical precancerous and cancerous (CIN2+) lesions with high performance (AUC = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89–0.93), which translates to a sensitivity of 85% (95% CI = 81%–90%) and specificity of 86% (95% CI = 84%–88%) based on maximizing the Youden's index. This represents a considerable improvement over naked eye VIA, which as per a meta‐analysis by the World Health Organization (WHO) has a sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 87%. For women living with HIV, the AUC of AVE was 0.91 (95% CI = 0.88–0.93), and among those testing positive for high‐risk HPV types, the AUC was 0.87 (95% CI = 0.83–0.91).ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing AVE on images captured using a commonly available smartphone by nurses in a screening program, and support our ongoing efforts for moving to more broadly evaluate AVE for its clinical sensitivity, specificity, feasibility, and acceptability across a wider range of settings. Limitations of this study include potential inflation of performance estimates due to verification bias (as biopsies were only obtained from participants with visible aceto‐white cervical lesions) and due to this being an internal validation (the test data, while independent from that used to develop the algorithm was drawn from the same study).
Association of eating out of home and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese urban workers: A nationwide study
Authors: Chen Fangyan , Wan Sitong , Hao Jinjuan , Sun Ke , Liu Annan , Zhu Ling , Wang Shuyan , He Jingjing , Zeng Ping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been rapidly growing in Chinese populations in recent decades, and the shift in eating habits is a key contributing factor to this increase. Eating out of home (EOH) is one of the major shifts in eating habits during this period. However, the influence of EOH on the incidence of T2DM among Chinese urban workers is unknown.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study involved an analysis of 13,904 urban workers recruited from 11 health examination centers in the major cities of China to explore the relationship between EOH and T2DM between 2013 September and 2016 March.ResultsAverage weekly EOH frequency ≥10 times was positively associated with increased incidence of T2DM in the sampled population (OR: 1.31 [1.11–1.54], p < 0.01), most notably in participants ≤45 years old (OR: 1.41[1.11–1.80], p < 0.01]) and in males (OR:1.26 [1.06–1.51], p < 0.01). An EOH frequency of 5 times/week appears as a threshold for a significant increase in the odds of T2DM. Weekly EOH frequency ≥5 times was associated with increased odds of T2DM in a dose–response manner in the total population and almost all subgroups (poverall association < 0.05 and pnonlinearity ≤ 0.05).ConclusionThis study showed that a frequency of EOH (≥5 times/week) was associated with a frequency‐dependent increase in the odds of T2DM urban workers in China. More nutrition promotion is needed to improve the eating behavior of Chinese urban workers to reduce T2DM risk.
Iridium‐Based Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction Electrocatalysts
Authors: Lv Qingqing , Liu Di , Zhu Wei , Zhuang Zhongbin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells (HEMFCs) are promising but lack of high‐performance anode hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) electrocatalysts. The platinum group metals (PGMs) have the HOR activity in alkaline medium two to three orders of magnitude lower than those in acid, leading to the high required PGMs amount on anode to achieve high HEMFC performance. The mechanism study demonstrates the hydrogen binding energy of the catalyst determines the alkaline HOR kinetics, and the adsorbed OH and water on the catalyst surface promotes HOR. Iridium (Ir) has a unique advantage for alkaline HOR due to its similar hydrogen binding energy to Pt and enhanced adsorption of OH. However, the HOR activity of Ir/C is still unsatisfied in practical HEMFC applications. Further fine tuning the adsorption of the intermediate on Ir‐based catalysts is of great significance to improve their alkaline HOR activity, which can be reasonably realized by structure design and composition regulation. In this concept, we address the current understanding about the alkaline HOR mechanism and summarize recent advances of Ir‐based electrocatalysts with enhanced alkaline HOR activity. We also discuss the perspectives and challenges on Ir‐based electrocatalysts in the future.
Urate‐lowering therapy in patients with hyperuricemia and heart failure: A retrospective cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Kiddle Steven J. , Sundell Karolina Andersson , Perl Shira , Nolan Stephen , Bjursell Magnus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundElevated serum uric acid (sUA) is associated with heart failure (HF).HypothesisUrate‐lowering therapy (ULT) in HF is associated with lower risk of HF hospitalization (hHF) and mortality.MethodsData on patients with HF and gout or hyperuricemia in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database linked to the Hospital Episode Statistics and the Office for National Statistics in the United Kingdom were analyzed. Risks of hHF and all‐cause mortality or cardiovascular‐related mortality by ULT exposure (ULT initiated within ≤6 months of gout or hyperuricemia diagnosis) were analyzed in a propensity score‐matched cohort using adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsOf 2174 propensity score‐matched pairs, patients were predominantly male, aged >70 years, with mean ± standard deviation sUA 9.3 ± 1.8 (ULT‐exposed) and 9.4 ± 1.9 mg/dL (ULT‐unexposed). At 5 years, ULT‐exposed patients had a 43% lower risk of hHF or all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–0.65) and a 19% lower risk of hHF or cardiovascular‐related mortality (adjusted HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71–0.92) versus no ULT exposure.ConclusionULT was associated with reduced risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with HF and gout or hyperuricemia over 5 years.
Home Heart Hospital Associated With Reduced Hospitalizations and Costs Among High‐Cost Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Shen Michael , Osman Kareem , Blumenthal Daniel M. , DeMuth Kaelin , Liu Yixiang 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is no widely accepted care model for managing high‐need, high‐cost (HNHC) patients. We hypothesized that a Home Heart Hospital (H3), which provides longitudinal, hospital‐level at‐home care, would improve care quality and reduce costs for HNHC patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).ObjectiveTo evaluate associations between enrollment in H3, which provides longitudinal, hospital‐level at‐home care, care quality, and costs for HNHC patients with CVD.MethodsThis retrospective within‐subject cohort study used insurance claims and electronic health records data to evaluate unadjusted and adjusted annualized hospitalization rates, total costs of care, part A costs, and mortality rates before, during, and following H3.ResultsNinety‐four patients were enrolled in H3 between February 2019 and October 2021. Patients' mean age was 75 years and 50% were female. Common comorbidities included congestive heart failure (50%), atrial fibrillation (37%), coronary artery disease (44%). Relative to pre‐enrollment, enrollment in H3 was associated with significant reductions in annualized hospitalization rates (absolute reduction (AR): 2.4 hospitalizations/year, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: −0.8, −4.0; p < 0.001; total costs of care (AR: −$56 990, 95% CI: −$105 170, −$8810; p < 0.05; and part A costs (AR: −$78 210, 95% CI: −$114 770, −$41 640; p < 0.001). Annualized post‐H3 total costs and part A costs were significantly lower than pre‐enrollment costs (total costs of care: −$113 510, 95% CI: −$151 340, −$65 320; p < 0.001; part A costs: −$84 480, 95% CI: −$121 040, −$47 920; p < 0.001).ConclusionsLongitudinal home‐based care models hold promise for improving quality and reducing healthcare spending for HNHC patients with CVD.
A hydrodynamic lake model coupled with a three‐dimensional dynamic visualization method
Authors: Liao Zhenliang , Chi Yanfeng , Gu Xianyong , Zhi Guozheng , Tian Wenchong , Xie Jiaqiang , Zhou Junwei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe hydrodynamic lake model is an important tool for lake management and decision‐making. When model results are analyzed by traditional analysis methods, the multisource heterogeneous data are not expressed systematically and intuitively, which leads to the inability to extract useful information efficiently. In order to solve the above problems, a three‐dimensional dynamic visualization analysis method of the hydrodynamic lake model (3DV‐HLM) is proposed by coupling the hydrodynamic lake model with the three‐dimensional dynamic visualization technology. Chaohu Lake was taken as an example to verify the feasibility of the method. Thirteen working conditions were set up and the simulated water flows changing with space and time were analyzed and compared by the 3DV‐HLM method. The results show that the 3DV‐HLM method proposed in this study is more systematic and effective in the expression of multisource heterogeneous information than the traditional analysis methods. It is easier to discover rules and obtain useful information from huge data set by the 3DV‐HLM method. Besides, the intuitive display of the model results by the 3DV‐HLM method is close to the real environment, which can enhance the understanding of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the lake by the water environment managers.
A Fuzzy DEMATEL‐FCM approach for analyzing the enablers of the circular economy and Industry 4.0 in the supply chain
Authors: Ardakani Davood Andalib , Kiani Mehrdad , Babakhanifard Mohammad Sadegh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe synergy between the concepts of circular economy and Industry 4.0 enables a greater movement toward a sustainable society and addresses environmental and economic issues in organizational operations. This study seeks to implement circular economy and Industry 4.0 for waste reduction and resource optimization in Yazd glass factories. It is significant because Iranian factories are not efficient from this point of view and produce a considerable amount of waste. For this purpose, the mixed methodology has been employed. In the qualitative part, 15 enablers are identified by using the meta‐synthesis method, which are categorized into four economic, human resources, organizational‐managerial, and infrastructure dimensions. In the quantitative stage, the cause‐and‐effect relationship between enablers is identified by using the Fuzzy DEMATEL method, and forward and backward scenarios are formulated using fuzzy cognitive map technique. While the research practical contributions include identification of key enablers in implementing circular supply chain management 4.0, formulation of forward and backward scenarios to guide strategic decision‐making in sustainable practices, and offering actionable insights for waste reduction and resource optimization in the glass industry leading to improved operational efficiency, it has theoretical contributions such as highlighting the significance of specific enablers in the successful implementation of circular supply chain management 4.0, demonstrating the interplay between different enablers and their impact on key aspects, and advancing knowledge on sustainable practices within the context of the glass industry, contributing to environmental sustainability and operational excellence in Iranian factories.
Three‐phase LLC resonant converter with variable magnetizing inductance to extend gain range
Authors: Zhao Qinglin , Shi Xinyu , Shi Yuechang , Guo Dong , Wang Deyu 
Published: June 2024

SummaryLLC resonant converter has been widely employed in electric vehicle (EV) charging applications. Compared with single‐phase LLC converters, three‐phase LLC converters provide a smaller current ripple, higher power capacity, and higher power density at higher power levels. However, the conventional three‐phase LLC converter, which adopts pulse frequency modulation (PFM), has the issue of limited gain range. In this paper, a three‐phase LLC resonant converter with variable magnetizing inductance is proposed. A two‐stage control strategy of PFM and fixed‐frequency magnetizing inductance modulation (MIM) is proposed. The wide gain range needed for EV charging is realized by modulating magnetizing inductance and frequency. Finally, a 2.7 kW prototype with 400 V input and 280–420 V output range verifies the theoretical analysis and parameter design. The experimental results show that the converter can achieve soft switching and a wide gain range and the peak efficiency is 97.7%.
Stochastic stability analysis method for offshore doubly‐fed wind power systems considering frequency variation of power cable parameters
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Bo , Wei Zhanhong , Li Qiangqiang , Kun Wang 
Published: June 2024

SummaryTo address the grid stability problem caused by random changes in cable impedance when an offshore wind power generation system is sent out via a power cable, this study proposes a stochastic stability analysis method for an offshore doubly‐fed wind power generation system considering the frequency variation of the power cable parameters based on the polynomial approximation theory, which can be analyzed by equating the problem of the random change in the impedance of the offshore wind power public coupling point as a deterministic problem. First, a stochastic dynamics model of doubly‐fed wind farm is established by considering variation impedance variation. Second, using the polynomial approximation theory, the wind farm model containing stochastic parameters is approximated for analysis as an equivalent deterministic model. Finally, based on the approximated deterministic model, the grid‐connected stability of wind farms with different impedance fluctuation strengths is investigated, and the stable operation interval of the wind farms affected by the impedance is determined. The simulation results show that when the stochastic intensity exceeds a certain threshold, Hopf bifurcation occurs during the voltage and turndown, and the system is destabilized. This study provides a theoretical basis for the stability of offshore wind power.
Development of a quality of life measure for left ventricular assist device recipients using a mixed methods approach
Authors: Slade Anita L. , McMullan Christel , Haque M. Sayeed , Griffith Stephen , Marley Laura , Quinn David , O'Hara Margaret E. , Horton Mike , Calvert Melanie J. , Lim Hoong Sern , Lane Deirdre A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundLeft ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients report symptom improvement but find adjusting to life with the LVAD challenging. These challenges are unique, and existing patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) do not reflect their experiences. This study aimed to develop a culturally relevant quality of life PROM for use with LVAD recipients in future research, design evolutions and clinical practice.MethodsA three‐stage mixed‐methods approach was used to develop a PROM: stage 1 included group concept mapping (GCM); stage 2 semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 LVAD recipients and 10 clinicians, and a questionnaire was developed using a conceptual framework; and stage 3 used exploratory psychometric analysis of the PROM data using Rasch measurement theory. This paper presents stages 2 and 3.ResultsThe conceptual framework consisted of four key concepts, including general health, life with the LVAD, equipment and clothing and emotional impact. Statements from interviews and GCM were used to create items for the LVAD quality of life (LVAD‐QoL). Cognitive interviews tested face validity and participant comprehension. Forty‐nine participants were recruited from three UK transplant centres. PROM data were collected and analysed using Rasch analysis. Four items displayed misfit; dependency between item sets was the biggest issue (57/485 pairwise differences). After restructuring and dealing with item misfit, the LVAD‐QoL conformed to the Rasch model, supporting the psychometric properties and quality of the LVAD‐QoL.ConclusionsUsing a mixed‐methods approach ensured the development of a robust and psychometrically sound tool for research, design evolution and clinical practice with LVAD recipients.