bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condom Use Rates in a National Probability Sample of Males and Females Ages 14 to 94 in the United States
Authors: Reece Michael , Herbenick Debby , Schick Vanessa , Sanders Stephanie A. , Dodge Brian , Fortenberry J. Dennis 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Given the efficacy of latex condoms for preventing pregnancy, HIV, and most STI, their promotion remains central to global sexual health efforts. To inform the development of accurate and appropriately-targeted interventions, there is a need for contemporary condom use rates among specific populations.

Aims
The purpose of this study was to establish rates of condom use among sexually active individuals in the U.S. population.

Methods
Data were collected via a national probability sample of 5,865 U.S. adolescents and adults aged 14 to 94 years.

Main Outcome Measures
Condom use was assessed during the most recent partnered vaginal or anal sexual event and over the past 10 vaginal and anal intercourse events.

Results
Condom use by men during past 10 vaginal intercourse events was slightly higher (21.5%) than that reported by women (18.4%), and consistent with rates of condom use reported during most recent vaginal intercourse by men (24.7%) and women (21.8%). Adolescent men reported condom use during 79.1% of the past 10 vaginal intercourse events, adolescent women reported use during 58.1% of the same. Condom use during past 10 anal intercourse events was higher among men (25.8%) than women (13.2%); the same was observed for most recent anal intercourse event (26.5% for insertive men, 44.1% for receptive men, and 10.8% for receptive women). Generally, condom use was highest among unmarried adults, higher among adolescents than adults, and higher among black and Hispanic individuals when compared with other racial groups.

Conclusion
These data indicate clear trends in condom use across age, gender, relationship status, and race/ethnicity. These contemporary rates of condom use will be helpful to those who lead efforts to increase condom use among individuals who may be at risk for sexually transmitted infections or who desire to prevent pregnancy.
Future Sexual Medicine Physiological Treatment Targets
Authors: Burnett Arthur L. , Goldstein Irwin , Andersson Karl-Erik , Argiolas Antonio , Christ George , Park Kwangsung , Xin Zhong C. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionSexual function in men and women incorporates physiologic processes and regulation of the central and peripheral nervous systems, the vascular system, and the endocrine system. There is need for state-of-the-art information as there is an evolving research understanding of the underlying molecular biological factors and mechanisms governing sexual physiologic functions.AimTo develop an evidence-based, state-of-the-art consensus report on the current knowledge of the major cellular and molecular targets of biologic systems responsible for sexual physiologic function.MethodsState-of-the-art knowledge representing the opinions of seven experts from four countries was developed in a consensus process over a 2-year period.Main Outcome MeasuresExpert opinion was based on the grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate.ResultsScientific investigation in this field is needed to increase knowledge and foster development of the future line of treatments for all forms of biological-based sexual dysfunction. This article addresses the current knowledge of the major cellular and molecular targets of biological systems responsible for sexual physiologic function. Future treatment targets include growth factor therapy, gene therapy, stem and cell-based therapies, and regenerative medicine.ConclusionsScientific discovery is critically important for developing new and increasingly effective treatments in sexual medicine. Broad physiologic directions should be vigorously explored and considered for future management of sexual disorders.
Education in Sexual Medicine: Proceedings from the International Consultation in Sexual Medicine, 2009
Authors: Parish Sharon J. , Rubio-Aurioles Eusebio 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual problems in men and women are common; and physicians endorse many barriers to addressing these issues, including lack of knowledge about the diagnosis and management of sexual problems and inadequate training in sexual health communication and counseling.

Aim
To update the recommendations published in 2004, from the International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM) relevant to the educational aspects of sexual health in undergraduate, graduate, and postgraducate medical education.

Methods
A third international consultation in collaboration with the major sexual health organizations assembled over 186 multidisciplinary experts from 33 countries into 25 committees. Three experts from three countries contributed to this committee’s review of Education in Sexual Medicine.

Main Outcome Measure
Expert opinion was based on a comprehensive review of the medical literature, committee discussion, public presentation, and debate.

Results
A comprehensive review about the current state of undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate sexual health education worldwide is provided. Recommendations about ideal sexual health curricula across training levels are provided. Best methods for achieving optimal training approaches to sexual health communication and interviewing, clinical skills and management, and counseling are described.

Conclusions
Current sexual health education for undergraduate and practicing physicians is inadequate to meet the advancing science and technology and increasing patient demand for high-quality sexual health care. There is a need for enhanced training in medical institutions responsible for physician sexual health training worldwide. Future training programs at all levels of medical education should incorporate standardized measures of sexual health clinical skills acquisition and assessments of the impact on patient outcomes into the design of educational initiatives.
The Effects of Anti-TNF-α Antibody on Hyperprolactinemia-Related Suppression of hCG-Induced Testosterone Release in Male Rats
Authors: Huang William J.S. , Yang Ling-Yu , Pu Hsiao-Fung , Tsai Yi-Ting , Wang Paulus S. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hyperprolactinemia (hyperPRL)-related hypogonadism or suppression of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced testosterone (T) release is hypothesized to be mediated by a testicular interstitial macrophage and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-involved blockage.

Aim
To test if the lower T response after hCG challenge in the hyperPRL rats is reversed by administrating anti-TNF-α antibody (Ab).

Methods
HyperPRL was induced by allografting two anterior pituitary (AP) glands per rat. Control rats were grafted with similar amount of cerebral cortex. The testicular interstitial cells (TIC) were isolated from the testis 6 weeks after grafting. TIC was treated with anti-TNF-α Ab with or without hCG. The other groups of rats received intra-testicular or intra-muscular anti-TNF-α Ab 7 days before in vitro study. The TIC isolated from each testis was incubated and T release with or without hCG challenge were measured.

Main Outcome Measures
Prolactin (PRL) and T were measured by radioimmunoassay. TNF-α was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results
When low dose of anti-TNF-α Ab was administered to the TIC incubation, the effects of PRL-related suppression of hCG-stimulated T release were not significant. While a higher dose of anti-TNF-α Ab almost abolished the suppressive effects of PRL to hCG-stimulated T release. Prior intra-testicular or intra-muscular administration of anti-TNF-α Ab reversed the suppressive effects of AP grafting on TIC’s T release. This was demonstrated in groups with anti-TNF-α Ab injection both 7 and 1 day prior to TIC incubations.

Conclusions
The data support the hypothesis that the suppression of hCG-induced T release associated with hyperPRL is through a TNF-α-mediated mechanism to suppress the Leydig cells. The effect of anti-TNF-α Ab is durable for at least 7 days. Besides intra-testicular injection, there might be other ways available for administrating Ab. Anti-TNF-α Ab has a potential therapeutic application on hyperPRL-induced hypogonadism or suppression of hCG-induced T release.
Investigation of the Neural Target Level of Hyperthyroidism in Premature Ejaculation in a Rat Model of Pharmacologically Induced Ejaculation
Authors: Cahangirov Asif , Cihan Ahmet , Murat Nergis , Demir Omer , Aslan Guven , Gidener Sedef , Esen Ahmet Adil 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Association between hyperthyroidism and premature ejaculation was demonstrated in clinical studies.

Aim
The aim of this study is to determine the target level of changes on ejaculatory physiology under hyperthyroid states.

Methods
p-Chloroamphetamine (PCA)-induced pharmacologic ejaculation model with 24 male Wistar rats was used in the study. Subcutaneous injection of L-thyroxine for 14 days was performed to induce hyperthyroidism. At the end of the injection period, thyroid hormone status was evaluated by serum thyroid-stimulating hormone measurements in all rats. At the beginning of the operations, complete spinal transections (tx) at the T8-T9 level were performed to half of the L-thyroxine-injected and control group rats. Thus, experimental groups were constructed as follows: Group 1—control-spinal intact (n = 6), group 2—control-spinal tx (n = 6), group 3—hyperthyroid-spinal intact (n = 6), and group 4—hyperthyroid-spinal tx (n = 6). Ejaculatory responses were recorded before and 30 minutes after intraperitoneal administration of 5 mg/kg PCA.

Main Outcome Measures
During the operations, seminal vesicle (SV) catheterization and bulbospongiosus (BS) muscle dissections were performed in all rats to demonstrate SV pressure (SVP) BS electromyographic (EMG) activity changes.

Results
Following PCA administration SVP tonic amplitude, SV phasic contraction (SVPC) frequency, SVPC maximal amplitude, and BS EMG area under curve values were higher in hyperthyroid intact rats than in control intact rats. The time interval between PCA administration and first ejaculation of hyperthyroid intact rats were significantly shorter than control intact rats (261 ± 7.30 seconds vs. 426 ± 49.6 seconds, P = 0.008). All of the changes in the ejaculatory parameters that were induced by hyperthyroidism were completely resolved after spinal transections at the T8-T9 level in group 4.

Conclusion
In this study, we confirmed the recent data that hyperthyroidism affects both the emission and expulsion phases of ejaculation. The changes that were induced by hyperthyroidism on ejaculatory physiology probably take place in the supraspinal centers above T8 level.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire Short-Form (CSFQ-14) in Patients with Severe Mental Disorders
Authors: Garcia-Portilla Maria Paz , Saiz Pilar Alejandra , Fonseca Eduardo , Al-Halabi Susana , Bobes-Bascaran Maria Teresa , Arrojo Manuel , Benabarre Antonio , Goikolea Jose Manuel , Sanchez Emilio , Sarramea Fernando , Bobes Julio 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual dysfunction in patients with severe mental disorders is often underestimated or overlooked by psychiatrists. A brief and valid self-report instrument for assessing sexual functioning may well contribute to changing this situation.

Aims
To validate the Short Form of the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ-14) in Spanish patients with severe mental disorders.

Methods
Naturalistic, cross-sectional, multicenter, validation study. Eighty-nine patients with schizophrenia and 82 with bipolar disorder were evaluated using the CSFQ-14, the Visual Analogue Scale for Sexual Functioning Satisfaction (VAS-SFS), and the Clinical Global Impression—Severity scales for mental disorders (CGI-S) and for Sexual Dysfunction (CGI-SSD).

Main Outcome Measures
The 14-item Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire.

Results
Internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha)=0.90. Construct validity=3 principal components, of which the first, arousal-orgasm, explained 46.4% of the total variance. Convergent validity: Pearson correlation coefficients between CSFQ-14 and VAS-SFS=0.33 (P &lt;0.01) and between CSFQ-14 and CGI-SDS=−0.71 (P &lt;0.01). Discriminant validity: The CSFQ-14 was able to discriminate among patients with no, mild, moderate, and severe sexual dysfunction according to CGI-SDS scores, both in males (P &lt;0.001) and females (P &lt;0.001). In males, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.833 and a cutoff point of 49 provided a sensitivity of 92.9% and a specificity of 59.5%. In females, the AUC was 0.834 and a cutoff point of 43 provided a sensitivity of 91.9% and a specificity of 62.5%.

Conclusion
The Spanish version of the CSFQ-14 is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing sexual functioning in patients with severe mental disorders. As a brief, self-rated instrument, the CSFQ-14 scale seems to be appropriate for use in everyday clinical practice as a means of identifying and monitoring changes in sexual functioning.
How Do Continence Nurses Address Sexual Function and a History of Sexual Abuse in Daily Practice? Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Bekker Milou D. , Van Driel Mels F. , Pelger Rob C.M. , Lycklamaà Nijeholt Guus A.B. , Elzevier Henk W. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There is a strong association between urological complaints, sexual dysfunction, and history of sexual abuse (SA), and it is unknown whether urological continence nurses integrate this knowledge in their daily practice.

Aim
To evaluate how, in their daily practice, Dutch urological continence nurses address sexual dysfunction and possible SA.

Methods
An anonymous 19-item questionnaire was distributed among all Dutch urinary continence nurses visiting their yearly congress.

Main Outcome Measures
The survey results.

Results
The response rate was 48.9% (93/190). Of the respondents, 11.8% did not ask their female patients about sexual function; 37.6% asked only rarely; 44.1% asked often; and 6.5% always asked. Sexual functioning in males was not evaluated by the majority of the nurses (13.2% never, and 46.2% rarely). A minority of continence nurses asked males about sexual functioning (36.3% often and 4.3% always). Important reasons for not asking were insufficient knowledge of how to adequately ask males (38.9%) and females (47.8%) about sexual problems, and because nurses assumed the urologist had addressed this issue (48.1% asking males, 39.1% asking females). Younger nurses found it particularly difficult to raise sexual issues with both male and female patients (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Screening for sexual dysfunction was stated to be important by almost all nurses (65.2% “quite important,” and 31.5% “very important”). Within their patient population, both male and female, 28% of the nurses never asked about SA and 49.5% asked only rarely.

Conclusion
Dutch urological incontinence nurses acknowledge the importance of sexual problems in their patient population, but asking about this issue was not part of routine care. The main reasons for not asking, according to the nurses’ responses, were that they had insufficient knowledge and that they assumed the urologist had already asked about sexual problems.
Early Versus Late Rehabilitation of Erectile Function after Nerve-Sparing Radical Cystoprostatectomy: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Mosbah Ahmed , El Bahnasawy Magdy , Osman Yasser , Hekal Ihab A. , Abou-Beih Essam , Shaaban Atallah 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Pharmacological rehabilitation of erectile function (EF) after nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy was repeatedly advocated.

Aim
To compare early vs. late penile rehabilitation in patients with nerve-sparing (NS) radical cystoprostatectomy based on a prospective randomized trial.

Methods
Eighteen patients without spontaneous erection 8 weeks after NS radical cystoprostatectomy were randomly divided into two groups; group I and II who started the erectogenic therapy at the 2nd and 6th month postoperatively, respectively. The pharmacological therapy constitutes of sildenafil citrate twice weekly to be shifted to intracavernosal injection (ICI) of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) if not responding. The treatment continued for 6 months in both groups.

Main Outcome Measures
The EF status was evaluated before and at the end of the treatment by International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire and penile Doppler ultrasonography (PDU).

Results
Six out of nine patients recovered unassisted erection after treatment in group I compared to three out of nine patients in group II. Two patients in group I and three patients in group II were maintained on sildenafil therapy on demand basis. The remaining four patients were dependent on ICI of PGE1. At final evaluation, a significant improvement was found in the EF, the intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction domains (P = 0.02, 0.03, and 0.02, respectively) in group I compared with group II. Regarding PDU findings, significant improvement in end-diastolic velocity was elicited in the early rehabilitation group compared with the pretreatment value (P = 0.03) with no significant difference between both groups.

Conclusion
Early compared with delayed erectile rehabilitation brings forward the natural healing time of potency and maintains nerve-assisted erection.
Increased Cavernous Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Activation of the Smad Signaling Pathway Affects Erectile Dysfunction in Men with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Shin Tae-Young , Ryu Ji-Kan , Jin Hai-Rong , Piao Shuguang , Tumurbaatar Munkhbayar , Yin Guo Nan , Shin Sun Hwa , Kwon Mi-Hye , Song Kang-Moon , Fang Zheng-Huan , Han Jee-Young , Kim Woo Jean , Suh Jun-Kyu 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is implicated in bladder fibrosis after spinal cord injury (SCI) and in the fibrosis in the corpus cavernosum tissue after cavernous nerve injury.

Aim
We investigated the differential expression of TGF-β1 and the Smad transcription factor, the key molecule for the initiation of TGF-β-mediated fibrosis, in cavernous tissue from SCI patients.

Methods
After obtaining informed consent and approval from the patients and our institutional review board, we enrolled 5 patients with psychogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) (mean age 36.8 years; range 20–50 years) and 10 patients with neurogenic ED from SCI (mean age 38.8 years; range 18–50 years). Cavernous tissues were obtained by percutaneous biopsy and stained with Masson trichrome, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL), or antibodies to TGF-β1 and phospho-Smad2.

Main Outcome Measures
Semi-quantitative analysis of TGF-β1 and phospho-Smad2 was performed, and the numbers of apoptotic cells were counted. We also quantified the cavernous collagen area with the use of an image analyzer system.

Results
The expression of TGF-β1 and phospho-Smad2 protein was significantly higher in the SCI group than in the psychogenic group. The TUNEL assay revealed a higher apoptotic index in the SCI group than in the psychogenic group. Higher TGF-β1 and phospho-Smad2 expression and more apoptotic cells were noted mainly in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts of the SCI group. Double labeling of cavernous tissue with TUNEL and antibody to phospho-Smad2 revealed that most TUNEL-positive cells showed immunoreactivity to phospho-Smad2 staining. Cavernous collagen content was significantly greater in the SCI group than in the psychogenic group.

Conclusion
Upregulation of TGF-β1 and activation of the Smad signaling pathway may play important roles in SCI-induced cavernous fibrosis and deterioration of erectile function, which warrants early pharmacological intervention to protect erectile tissue from irreversible damage.
Eskimo‐Aleut Languages
Authors: Johns Alana 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article provides an overview of some key properties of Eskimo‐Aleut languages. It discusses the geographic range and number of speakers of these languages, some of which are seriously endangered. It also provides examples and discussion of the polysynthetic nature of some of these languages, where a single word can have the interpretation of a sentence. An intriguing property of the Aleut language is its anaphoric agreement, which provides challenges for syntactic analyses. Within Eskimo‐Aleut, we find languages that seem to lack tense, while closely related members have a finely graded tense system.
Instructional Pragmatics: Bridging Teaching, Research, and Teacher Education
Authors: Ishihara Noriko 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPragmatics deals with meaning in context that is the meaning conveyed often indirectly beyond what is literally communicated. Ever since Hymes (1972, Sociolinguistics: Selected readings, Penguin, Harmondsworth, England, 269–93) highlighted the importance of socially appropriate language use, ability to use language in context has been identified as an essential component of communicative competence (e.g., Canale and Swain, 1980, Applied Linguistics, 1: 1–47; Canale, 1983, Language and communication, Longman, Harlow; Bachman, 1990, Fundamental considerations in language testing, Oxford University Press, Oxford; Bachman & Palmer, 1996, Language testing in practice: Designing and developing useful language tests, Oxford University Press, Oxford; Celce‐Murcia, 2008, Intercultural language use and language learning, Springer, The Netherlands, 41–58; Celce‐Murcia et al. 1995, Issues in Applied Linguistics, 6: 5–35), and there has been rigorous research investigating the pragmatic competence of second/foreign language (L2) learners. This paper aims to provide an overview of research conducted in the area of interlanguage pragmatics with a focus on its pedagogical component,instructional pragmatics. The primary emphasis of this paper will be placed on the introduction of current resources in instructional pragmatics and recent efforts that empirically inform pragmatic‐focused instruction and classroom‐based assessment. The paper concludes with the discussion of the issues associated with future pragmatics‐focused instruction and curriculum development, along with a suggested direction for future research and teacher education in support of instructional pragmatics.