bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman study of pressure‐induced phase transitions in crystals of orthorhombic and monoclinic polymorphs of L‐cysteine: dynamics of the side chain
Authors: Minkov Vasily S. , Goryainov Sergei V. , Boldyreva Elena V. , Görbitz Carl Henrik 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe series of phase transitions on increasing pressure and on reverse decompression was followed in crystals of monoclinic and orthorhombic polymorphs of L‐cysteine by using Raman spectroscopy, with the samples placed in a diamond anvil cell together to ensure identical pressures on the two samples. The effects of hydrostatic pressure on the two polymorphs are shown to be radically different. Depending on the starting polymorph, different phases are formed under identical compression/decompression conditions. The effect of pressure on the monoclinic polymorph was studied for the first time. Phase transitions in monoclinic L‐cysteine (at ∼2.9 and ∼3.9 GPa) are completely reversible without a noticeable hysteresis. The changes in the spectra suggest that the H‐bond network is distorted and SH···O bonding dominates over SH···S bonding at high pressures, but the molecular conformations change continuously during these transitions. The data on the orthorhombic polymorph of L‐cysteine show that not only the H‐bond network is distorted, but also the conformation of the L‐cysteine zwitterion changes very substantially. The previously observed discrepancy in the results related to the occurrence of a phase existing between 2.1 and 2.3 GPa reported by Minkov et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B. 2008; 112, 8851) but not observed by Moggach et al. (Acta Crystallogr. B. 2006; 62, 296) could be interpreted; different phases can be formed at the same pressure, depending on how this pressure was reached: on direct compression, or in the compression–decompression–compression cycle. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A potential microRNA signature for tumorigenic conazoles in mouse liver
Authors: Ross Jeffrey A. , Blackman Carl F. , Thai Sheau‐Fung , Li Zhiguang , Kohan Michael , Jones Carlton P. , Chen Tao 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTriadimefon, propiconazole, and myclobutanil are conazoles, an important class of agricultural fungicides. Triadimefon and propiconazole are mouse liver tumorigens, while myclobutanil is not. As part of a coordinated study to understand the molecular determinants of conazole tumorigenicity, we analyzed the microRNA expression levels in control and conazole‐treated mice after 90 d of administration in feed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs composed of approximately 19–24 nucleotides in length, and have been shown to interact with mRNA (usually 3′ UTR) to suppress its expression. MicroRNAs play a key role in diverse biological processes, including development, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Groups of mice were fed either control diet or diet containing 1800 ppm triadimefon, 2500 ppm propiconazole, or 2000 ppm myclobutanil. MicroRNA was isolated from livers and analyzed using Superarray whole mouse genome miRNA PCR arrays from SABioscience. Data were analyzed using the significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) procedure. We identified those miRNAs whose expression was either increased or decreased relative to untreated controls with q ≤ 0.01. The tumorigenic conazoles induced many more changes in miRNA expression than the nontumorigenic conazole. A group of 19 miRNAs was identified whose expression was significantly altered in both triadimefon‐ and propiconazole‐treated animals but not in myclobutanil‐treated animals. All but one of the altered miRNAs were downregulated compared to controls. This pattern of altered miRNA expression may represent a signature for tumorigenic conazole exposure in mouse liver after 90 d of treatment. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ferritin as a reporter gene for MRI: chronic liver over expression of h‐ferritin during dietary iron supplementation and aging
Authors: Ziv Keren , Meir Gila , Harmelin Alon , Shimoni Eyal , Klein Eugenia , Neeman Michal 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe iron storage protein, ferritin, provides an important endogenous MRI contrast that can be used to determine the level of tissue iron. In recent years the impact of modulating ferritin expression on MRI contrast and relaxation rates was evaluated by several groups, using genetically modified cells, viral gene transfer and transgenic animals. This paper reports the follow‐up of transgenic mice that chronically over‐expressed the heavy chain of ferritin (h‐ferritin) in liver hepatocytes (liver‐hfer mice) over a period of 2 years, with the aim of investigating the long‐term effects of elevated level of h‐ferritin on MR signal and on the well‐being of the mice. Analysis revealed that aging liver‐hfer mice, exposed to chronic elevated expression of h‐ferritin, have increased R2 values compared to WT. As expected for ferritin, R2 difference was strongly enhanced at high magnetic field. Histological analysis of these mice did not reveal liver changes with prolonged over expression of ferritin, and no differences could be detected in other organs. Furthermore, dietary iron supplementation significantly affected MRI contrast, without affecting animal wellbeing, for both wildtype and ferritin over expressing transgenic mice. These results suggest the safety of ferritin over‐expression, and support the use of h‐ferritin as a reporter gene for MRI. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the interfacial properties of amorphous silicon/n‐type crystalline silicon heterojunction through static planar conductance measurements
Authors: Favre W. , Labrune M. , Dadouche F. , Gudovskikh A. S. , Cabarrocas P. Roca i , Kleider J. P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have previously shown from static planar conductance measurements that a strong inversion layer does exist in c‐Si at the (n) a‐Si:H/ (p) c‐Si interface. This allowed us to determine the conduction band offset with a good precision (ΔEC = 0.15 +/– 0.04 eV). The same technique is now applied to study (p) a‐Si:H/ (n) c‐Si interfaces. We demonstrate that a strong inversion layer (of holes) also exists at the c‐Si surface of this hetero‐interface. Analysis of our planar conductance data with the help of numerical simulations allows us to set a lower limit to the valence band offset, ΔEV = EV,a‐Si:H − EV, c‐Si: ΔEV > 0.28 eV. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Intracerebroventricular ouabain administration induces oxidative stress in the rat brain
Authors: Riegel Rafael E. , Valvassori Samira S. , Moretti Morgana , Ferreira Camila L. , Steckert Amanda V. , de Souza Bruna , Dal‐Pizzol Felipe , Quevedo João 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIntracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ouabain (a potent Na+/K+‐ATPase inhibitor) in rats resulted in manic‐like effects. There is an emerging body of data indicating that major neuropsychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, are associated with increased oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the effects of ICV ouabain injection on oxidative stress parameters in total tissue of rat brain. Our findings demonstrated that ICV injection increased thiobarbituric acid reactive species levels and protein carbonyl generation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats. Moreover, the activity of the antioxidants enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase was altered in several areas of the rat brain and cerebrospinal fluid of ICV ouabain‐subjected rats. These results showed that Na+/K+‐ATPase inhibition can lead to oxidative stress in the brain of rats.
Anal dilation during labor
Authors: Kalis Vladimir , Karbanova Jaroslava , Bukacova Zuzana , Bednarova Barbora , Rokyta Zdenek , Kralickova Milena 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence and range of anal dilation during the final phase of the second stage of labor and shortly after delivery; determine whether parity affects anal dilation; and obtain anthropometric data for future projects.MethodsThe anal diameter was measured on admission, when the fetal head crowned, and after suturing perineal injury in 142 women delivered between August 2008 and May 2009 at University Hospital Pilsen and District Hospital Klatovy, in the Czech Republic.ResultsThe anus was dilated during the second stage of labor in all women, and differences between primiparas and multiparas were not significant. The medians for both the anteroposterior and transverse diameters were 25 mm. No measured variable was statistically associated with anal sphincter dilation.ConclusionAnal dilation during the second stage of labor causes anthropometric changes to the perineum. This ought to be considered when designing anthropometric studies and in studies aiming at minimizing anal sphincter trauma during delivery.
Evaluation of cervical visual inspection screening in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Ngoma Twalib , Muwonge Richard , Mwaiselage Julius , Kawegere Jesca , Bukori Pendo , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and performance of screening for cervical cancer using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) or with Lugol's iodine (VILI) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.MethodsThe accuracy of tests for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was assessed in a cross‐sectional study of 10 378 women. All women who were screened underwent colposcopy, and biopsies were offered to those with abnormal colposcopy results.ResultsThe positivity rates were 3.8% for VIA and 4.8% for VILI. The peak positivity rates for both visual tests were observed just after training or re‐training and gradually declined thereafter. CIN 1 was diagnosed in 41 women, CIN 2–3 in 33 women, and invasive cancer in 200 women, showing high detection rates of invasive cancer. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of CIN 2–3 lesions were 60.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42.1–77.1) and 98.2% (95% CI, 97.9–98.4), respectively, for VIA; and 93.9% (95% CI, 79.8–99.3) and 97.3% (95% CI, 97.0–97.6), respectively, for VILI. Two‐thirds of the women detected with CIN 2–3 lesions were treated.ConclusionBoth visual screening tests are useful and accurate, especially in low‐income settings. Standardization of assessment of the visual inspection techniques, continual training and supervision, and quality control measures are important for successful visual screening programs.
Fertility and obstetric outcome after conservative management of placenta accreta
Authors: Provansal Magali , Courbiere Blandine , Agostini Aubert , D'Ercole Claude , Boubli Léon , Bretelle Florence 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the fertility and obstetric outcomes after conservative management of placenta accreta.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study of all identified cases of placenta accreta from 1993 to 2007 in 2 tertiary university hospitals in France. For patients treated conservatively, maternal and fetal morbidity, reproductive function, fertility, and subsequent pregnancies were recorded.ResultsDuring the study period, 46 patients were treated by conservative management; 6 patients underwent a secondary hysterectomy. Of the remaining 40 patients, 35 were followed up for a median of 65 months (range 18–156 months). Patients resumed their menstrual cycles after a median of 130 days (range 48–176 days). Menses were irregular in 11 patients (31%), but none had amenorrhea. Twelve of the 14 patients desiring another pregnancy achieved a total of 15 pregnancies; 2 patients had recurrent placenta accreta. Five spontaneous abortions and 1 termination of pregnancy occurred during the first trimester. The median term at delivery was 37 weeks (range, 35–40 weeks). Four patients delivered prematurely.ConclusionConservative management of placenta accreta can preserve fertility, although the risk of recurrent placenta accreta appears to be high.
Functional testing of a tissue‐engineered vocal fold cover replacement
Authors: Long Jennifer L. , Neubauer Juergen , Zhang Zhaoyan , Zuk Patricia , Berke Gerald S. , Chhetri Dinesh K. 
Published: February 2010

ObjectivesTissue engineering may provide a treatment for severe vocal fold scars. This study quantifies mechanical properties and demonstrates vibration of a tissue‐engineered vocal fold cover replacement.MethodsTissue‐engineered constructs were produced from fibrin and adipose‐derived stem cells. Optimized bilayered constructs contained epithelial and mesenchymal cell phenotypes in a stratified geometry. For comparison, homogeneous constructs did not have epithelial differentiation. Elastic modulus was determined using indentation. Immunohistochemical labeling for type I collagen was performed. A bilayered construct was also tested in phonation in an excised larynx model.ResultsBilayered vocal fold cover replacements had indentation moduli similar to human vocal fold covers (mean construct modulus 6.8 kPa). Collagen deposition occurred in the middle of the construct. Homogeneous constructs had a mean modulus of 8.3 kPa, and collagen was concentrated at the surface. An excised larynx with unilateral vocal fold cover replacement phonated and exhibited mucosal waves at physiologic airflow.ConclusionBilayered tissue‐engineered constructs were produced that exhibited indentation modulus, microstructure, and vibration similar to that exhibited by human vocal fold covers.
Preoperative predictors of incudal necrosis in chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Ebenezer Jareen , Rupa Vedantam 
Published: February 2010

ObjectiveTo determine the predictive value of preoperative clinical, audiological, and radiological factors in diagnosing incudal necrosis in patients with tubotympanic chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM).Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingTertiary care referral center.Subjects and MethodsPatients older than five years of age diagnosed with tubotympanic CSOM who underwent tympanomastoid surgery were recruited. Findings on otoscopy, x‐ray mastoid, pure‐tone audiometry, and intraoperative otomicroscopy were recorded.ResultsIncus necrosis occurred in 24 (16%) of a total of 150 patients. On bivariate analysis, findings of active ear discharge (P = 0.01), anterosuperior location of perforation (P = 0.03), exposure of incudostapedial joint (P = 0.05), edematous middle ear mucous membrane (P = 0.05), middle ear granulations (P = 0.004), foreshortening of the handle of malleus (P = 0.04), moderate to moderately severe hearing loss (41‐70 dB HL) (P = 0.000), and air‐bone gap > 40 dB (P = 0.001) were found to be associated with incus necrosis. Intraoperative findings of aditus block (P = 0.001) and mastoid granulations (P = 0.005) were also found to be significantly associated with incus necrosis. Mastoid pneumatization and perforation size and site were not associated with incus necrosis. On multivariate analysis, only middle ear granulations (P = 0.04; odds ratio [OR] 3.161; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.087‐9.196) and a moderate to moderately severe hearing loss (41‐70 dB HL) (P = 0.03; OR 1.720; CI 1.064‐2.782) were found to be significant risk factors.ConclusionIncus necrosis is best predicted by the presence of middle ear granulations and moderate to moderately severe hearing loss (41‐70 dB HL). Knowledge of this information preoperatively can influence surgical decision making and preparedness regarding ossiculoplasty and patient consent.
Janus flap: Bilateral nasoseptal flaps for anterior skull base reconstruction
Authors: Nyquist Gurston G. , Anand Vijay K. , Singh Ameet , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: February 2010

ObjectiveLarge dural defects after extended endoscopic endonasal skull base resections require meticulous reconstruction to prevent a cerebrospinal fluid leak postoperatively. The nasoseptal flap is a vascularized tissue graft developed to aid in the multilayer reconstruction of the skull base. The purpose of this study is to describe the first experiences with bilateral nasoseptal flaps for reconstruction of very large skull base defects.Study DesignProspective, observational study.SettingLarge tertiary referral center (New York Presbyterian Hospital).Subjects and MethodsFive patients underwent a multilayer reconstruction after an extended endoscopic transsphenoidal skull base surgery that included bilateral nasoseptal flaps. Pathologies consisted of two pituitary macroadenomas, one planum sphenoidale meningioma, one craniopharyngioma, and one cavernous sinus hemangioma.ResultsAll five patients underwent successful skull base reconstruction without a cerebrospinal fluid leak, complication at the reconstruction site, or anterior extension of the posterior septal perforation.ConclusionBilateral nasoseptal flaps are a viable option for large dural defects of the anterior and ventral skull base when one nasoseptal flap may not completely seal the entire defect.
Portfolio Optimization with Mental Accounts
Authors: Das Sanjiv , Markowitz Harry , Scheid Jonathan , Statman Meir 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe integrate appealing features of Markowitz’s mean-variance portfolio theory (MVT) and Shefrin and Statman’s behavioral portfolio theory (BPT) into a new mental accounting (MA) framework. Features of the MA framework include an MA structure of portfolios, a definition of risk as the probability of failing to reach the threshold level in each mental account, and attitudes toward risk that vary by account. We demonstrate a mathematical equivalence between MVT, MA, and risk management using value at risk (VaR). The aggregate allocation across MA subportfolios is mean-variance efficient with short selling. Short-selling constraints on mental accounts impose very minor reductions in certainty equivalents, only if binding for the aggregate portfolio, offsetting utility losses from errors in specifying risk-aversion coefficients in MVT applications. These generalizations of MVT and BPT via a unified MA framework result in a fruitful connection between investor consumption goals and portfolio production.
Urban catalysts in theory and practice
Authors: Davis Juliet 
Published: February 2010

This paper involves an analysis of the role of architectural projects which can be defined as ‘catalysts’ to urban renewal. The aims of this paper are twofold and the paper is divided accordingly into two main parts. The first aim is to discuss, with reference to the work of a number of urban and architectural thinkers, a range of ways in which the term ‘urban catalyst’ has been both conceptualised and applied. Discussion is structured in relation to the Oxford English Dictionary's definition of a ‘catalyst’ in the field of chemistry as,[a] substance that when present in small amounts increases the rate of a chemical reaction or process but which is chemically unchanged by the reaction; a catalytic agent. (A substance which similarly slows down a reaction is occas. called a negative catalyst.)
Fenofibrate Improves Cerebral Blood Flow after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice
Authors: Guo Qingmin , Wang Guangming , Namura Shobu 
Published: February 2010

Correction to: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2010) 30, 70–78; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2009.185 Following the publication of this article, the authors noted an error in Figure 4. The hatched columns should indicate 100 mg/kg.
‘For whom the bell tolls’: Listening and its Implications
Authors: Irving David R. M. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThis response highlights the cultural specificity of the ‘work-concept’ and questions the tripartite scheme of listening proposed by John Butt. It offers an alternative set of listening categories, and makes reference to the issues of early-modern class structures and the role of music in religious devotions. The argument is supported by critiques of historical vignettes that include the story of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's transcription of Gregorio Allegri's Miserere and Jean Joseph Marie Amiot's demonstration of French music to a Chinese audience in the mid-eighteenth century.
‘Take Heed What Ye Hear’: Listening as a Moral, Transcendental and Sacramental Act
Authors: Wannenwetsch Bernd 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to demonstrate that listening is not only a highly complex sensory-perceptive phenomenon, but also an activity that invites considerations of its moral, political and religious dimensions. Drawing from the perspective of an early monastic tradition that understood theology as a sounding practice rather than a primarily cognitive one, the author draws attention to the fact that the biblical tradition itself prioritized hearing over seeing in its portrayal of the human being as ‘all ear’ when communicating with and responding to a God that addresses her from the first. Analyses of Martin Luther's account of the new creation in Christ as one that will be awakened to hearing afresh, thus becoming attentive to the ‘address of creation through creation’, and of his theology of the psalter, in which the reformer presents an excitingly different hermeneutics of scriptural interpretation based on the sensory perception of hearing/chanting the text, prepare for concluding remarks on the inevitably communicative and quasi-sacramental character of listening.
TheArabidopsis thalianaSTYLISH1 Protein Acts as a Transcriptional Activator Regulating Auxin Biosynthesis
Authors: Eklund D. Magnus , StÅldal Veronika , Valsecchi Isabel , Cierlik Izabela , Eriksson Caitriona , Hiratsu Keiichiro , Ohme-Takagi Masaru , Sundström Jens F. , Thelander Mattias , Ezcurra Inés , Sundberg Eva 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe establishment and maintenance of auxin maxima in vascular plants is regulated by auxin biosynthesis and polar intercellular auxin flow. The disruption of normal auxin biosynthesis in mouse-ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) leads to severe abnormalities, suggesting that spatiotemporal regulation of auxin biosynthesis is fundamental for normal growth and development. We have shown previously that the induction of the SHORT-INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) family member STY1 results in increased transcript levels of the YUCCA (YUC) family member YUC4 and also higher auxin levels and auxin biosynthesis rates in Arabidopsis seedlings. We have also shown previously that SHI/STY family members redundantly affect development of flowers and leaves. Here, we further examine the function of STY1 by analyzing its DNA and protein binding properties. Our results suggest that STY1, and most likely other SHI/STY members, are DNA binding transcriptional activators that target genes encoding proteins mediating auxin biosynthesis. This suggests that the SHI/STY family members are essential regulators of auxin-mediated leaf and flower development. Furthermore, the lack of a shoot apical meristem in seedlings carrying a fusion construct between STY1 and a repressor domain, SRDX, suggests that STY1, and other SHI/STY members, has a role in the formation and/or maintenance of the shoot apical meristem, possibly by regulating auxin levels in the embryo.