bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of the dynamic cerebral critical closing pressure response to changes in mean arterial pressure
Authors: Panerai Ronney B , Alshehri Abdulaziz , Beishon Lucy C , Davies Aaron , Haunton Victoria J , Katsogridakis Emmanuel , Lam Man Y , Llwyd Osian , Robinson Thompson G , Minhas Jatinder S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. Cerebral critical closing pressure (CrCP) represents the value of arterial blood pressure (BP) where cerebral blood flow (CBF) becomes zero. Its dynamic response to a step change in mean BP (MAP) has been shown to reflect CBF autoregulation, but robust methods for its estimation are lacking. We aim to improve the quality of estimates of the CrCP dynamic response. Approach. Retrospective analysis of 437 healthy subjects (aged 18–87 years, 218 males) baseline recordings with measurements of cerebral blood velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAv, transcranial Doppler), non-invasive arterial BP (Finometer) and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2, capnography). For each cardiac cycle CrCP was estimated from the instantaneous MCAv-BP relationship. Transfer function analysis of the MAP and MCAv (MAP-MCAv) and CrCP (MAP-CrCP) allowed estimation of the corresponding step responses (SR) to changes in MAP, with the output in MCAv (SRVMCAv) representing the autoregulation index (ARI), ranging from 0 to 9. Four main parameters were considered as potential determinants of the SRVCrCP temporal pattern, including the coherence function, MAP spectral power and the reconstruction error for SRVMAP, from the other three separate SRs. Main results. The reconstruction error for SRVMAP was the main determinant of SRVCrCP signal quality, by removing the largest number of outliers (Grubbs test) compared to the other three parameters. SRVCrCP showed highly significant (p < 0.001) changes with time, but its amplitude or temporal pattern was not influenced by sex or age. The main physiological determinants of SRVCrCP were the ARI and the mean CrCP for the entire 5 min baseline period. The early phase (2–3 s) of SRVCrCP response was influenced by heart rate whereas the late phase (10–14 s) was influenced by diastolic BP. Significance. These results should allow better planning and quality of future research and clinical trials of novel metrics of CBF regulation.
Nonlinear lower hybrid wave equations in collisional tokamak plasmas
Authors: Castaldo C , Napoli F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A new set of coupled integro-differential nonlinear lower hybrid (LH) wave equations is derived within the framework of a kinetic theory coupled to the Maxwell equations to study the parametric instabilities (PIs) produced by LH waves in collisional tokamak plasma. Previous models of nonlinear LH wave equations have been significantly improved. The wave equations derived overcome the limits and incorrectness of the standard theory of the PI in inhomogeneous plasma. They allow us to treat the full spectrum in the parallel and poloidal wavenumber of the coupled LH power wave, diffraction effects and possible cascade phenomena, which are elements of the nonlinear LH physics ignored in the standard PI theory. Numerical solutions of the new nonlinear LH wave equations are proposed. The relevant LH frequency spectra produced by PI are calculated, exhibiting characteristic features of PI observed in LH experiments. It is shown that the LH sideband amplification can be overestimated by orders of magnitude by the standard theory of PI. A benchmark of the new model is provided for spatially homogeneous plasmas. The role of the collisions for PI has been assessed. We demonstrate that previous analyses significantly overestimated their stabilization effect.
A study on the high mobility and improved reliability of pr-doped indium zinc oxide thin film transistors
Authors: Xiao Juncheng , Ge Shimin , Jiang Zhixiong , Liu Jing , Yuan Dong , Liang Ce , Xu Miao , Li Shan , Xu Hongyuan , Wang Xianlai , Zhang Shengdong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
It is generally accepted that there is a trade-off relationship between mobility and stability for oxide thin film transistor (TFT) devices. Different doping ratios of Ln praseodymium (Pr) into indium (In) zinc (Zn) oxide have been employed as the active layer to get 1# and 2# amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) TFTs in this work. The 1#-based TFTs exhibited a high mobility of 49.84 cm2 V−1 s−1 due to the increased concentration of In. By further elevating the Pr doping ratio and adjusting In/Zn ratio of the film, the 2#-based TFT obtained both a good mobility of 26.65 cm2 V−1 s−1, and a promising stability, showing a positive-bias temperature stress stability of ΔV
TH = 1.56 V and a negative-bias temperature illumination stress stability of ΔV
TH = −1.47 V. It was revealed that the low energy charge transfer state of Pr in 2# film absorbs the visible light, leading to suppressed photo-induced carriers and thus a good illumination reliability of the 2#-based TFTs. In practice, the LCD panel based 2# ACT TFT shows a well stable performance even under 10 000-nit illumination. The result indicates a promising strategy to accelerate the commercialization of AOS TFTs to large-panel display production.
Health analysis of mangrove forest based on vitality indicators (case study in Purworejo mangrove forest, Pasir Sakti District, East Lampung Regency)
Authors: Wati F , Safe’i R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Vitality indicators are characterized by tree damage and canopy condition. This condition has an impact on the health of mangrove forests, including the Purworejo mangrove forest. The aim of this research is to obtain the value and health status of the Purworejo mangrove forest in Pasir Sakti District, East Lampung Regency, based on vitality indicators. In terms of collecting and analyzing vitality indicator data, the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method is used based on tree damage parameters and canopy cover conditions. Sample plot clusters were made into four clusters, or 16 plots, at four points with an area of 0.4 ha per cluster. The research results showed that the tree damage value at the cluster plot level (CLI) was 1.08–1.23. The cluster plot level canopy condition value (VCR) was 2.82–3.32. Thus, the average health value of the Purworejo mangrove forest is 1.88, with a medium status category (1.63-2.31). Mangrove forest management must be improved, especially in maintenance activities, to overcome pest problems that cause damage to mangrove trees.
Importance of stemflow to soil water replenishment in a montane forest of Popa Mountain Park, Myanmar
Authors: Zaw Y , Oue H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Stemflow (SF), rainwater that reach the ground by flowing down along the branches and trunk, is important in maintaining soil water content (SWC) and recharging groundwater in a forest. This study aims to investigate the importance of SF to soil water replenishment in a montane forest. Measurements of gross rainfall, SF at 9 trees, SWC at two different points for two soil depths and infiltration rates at the two points were carried out in Popa Mountain Park (PMP) in 2019. SF rates in PMP were high ranging from 4.0% to 18.8% of total gross rainfall. Mean SWC near the tree were 18.5% at 5 cm depth and 21.7% at 15 cm depth, respectively, while those outside the canopy area were 11.4% and 9.0%, respectively. SWC near the tree were significantly higher for both soil depths. Similarly, significant higher infiltration rate was found near the tree. Near the tree, infiltration rate exceeded the amounts of individual rain events helped to store more rainwater as SWC in deeper soil layers. In PMP, thus, vegetative cover particularly forested areas are expected to have hydrological advantages in restoring rainwater through a large amount of infiltrated SF into the soil.
Work accident risk analysis using the job safety analysis (jsa) method in the timber industry UD. Dua Restu Sunggal, North Sumatra
Authors: Muhdi  , Syahra S , Arinah H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) calculates a job risk assessment. The JSA method’s importance is finding out what hazards can occur in each work process. This research aimed to identify the risk of work accidents in the UD Dua Restu Timber Industry. The stages of data processing using the Job Safety Analysis are to identify the hazards and potential risks posed, carry out a risk assessment that has been identified, and then determine preventive measures to control the hazards. For the sawmill area, the highest risk rating was 270 (priority 1). The strongest correlation was physical fatigue on work accidents with a sig.2-tailed value of 0.002 and a correlation class of 0.881. Meaning fatigue has a solid relationship to work accidents.
The use of supporting materials in the process of making food containers from a mixture of PLA-starch and testing the quality of the coating: A review
Authors: Fitriani F B A , Harahap H , Nasution H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The fulfillment of the food packaging industry’s needs for the use of non-petrochemical, biodegradable plastics from renewable sources that are also economically viable can be achieved through the utilization of polylactic acid-starch (PLA-starch). However, the perceived limitations of PLA-starch in terms of long-term food packaging have prompted recent innovations in which research is conducted on supportive materials that extend the shelf life of food packaging while still considering the health value of the added substances. This innovation provides significant advantages in using more durable food packaging materials that do not have adverse effects on food and human health. The utilization of ferulic and cinnamic acid compounds has been studied to reduce the environmental impact of food packaging while extending the shelf life of food. A three-layer film of PLA/starch/PLA (PSP) was designed based on the complementary barrier properties of the polymers, resulting in a film system with improved barrier properties. Electrospinning was effective in producing fibrous mats that encapsulated the acids, while film spraying resulted in the formation of crystalline structures of the active compounds strongly adhered to the surface. The electrospinning- and spray-coated films exhibited effective inhibition against the growth of E. coli and L. innocua. The TPScf-PLAes blend showed good antioxidant capacity when used in meat packaging and reduced microbial counts during cold storage. Silane-doped bilayer films demonstrated higher thermal stability compared to PPS. Therefore, the bilayer films and supporting materials have significant potential to extend the shelf life of food, maintaining its quality and safety for a longer period.
Production of biosurfactant sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) using elephant grass based lignin (Pennisetum purpureum) and NaHSO3
Authors: Manurung R , Lubis S K , Mufadhal W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) is an animal feed ingredient, especially ruminants with a lignocellulose content of 40.85% and lignin of 21.5% and can be used as a raw material for making biosurfactant sodium lignosulfonate. Biosurfactant is an amphiphilic molecule and has biodegradability. This study aims to obtain data on the effect of NaHSO3 concentration, reaction time, and the ratio of elephant grass: NaHSO3 on the sodium lignosulfonate content, yield, degree of sulfonation, and physico-chemical properties of sodium lignosulfonate obtained. This study consists of 3 treatment factors, namely NaHSO3 concentration, reaction time, and mass ratio of elephant grass : NaHSO3. The results showed that sodium lignosulfonate can be produced from elephant grass using direct sulfonation process. The best treatment combination was 80% concentration and 155 minutes reaction time which produced sodium lignosulfonate content of 20.619 mg/L and 65.83% yield. The physicochemical properties are: density 1.4061 g/mL, degree of sulfonation 57.73%, completely soluble in water, smells a little sulfur, has a brownish yellow color, pH 5, and the results of functional group analysis showed a change in functional groups.
Profitability of coffee-based agroforestry system to support farmers’ income in Toba Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawaty  , Amelia I , Rauf A , Ismail M H , Gandaseca S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Indonesia is a country with the application of agroforestry systems on community land. People who live in Toba Regency, North Sumatra have long applied coffee-based agroforestry systems and have become a hereditary tradition. The purpose of this study is to determine the profitability of coffee-based agroforestry land and economic value for farmers so that it can be developed further. Coordinate points of land distribution, taken with GPS, conducted interviews, profitability analysis and income analysis to obtain farmer land data. Mapping the distribution of farmers’ coffee-based agroforestry land was mapped with ArcGIS 10.8. Four respondent farmers implemented coffee-based agroforestry (Coffea arabica) with a planting distance of 2 m x 2.5 m combined with Gmelina arborea (white teak), Eucalyptus sp. (eucalyptus), Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon), Pinus merkusii (pine), Psidium guajava (guava), Durio zibethinus (durian), Persea americana (avocado), and others. Based on the profitability analysis, all four farmers’ lands are feasible for further development. The economic value of land depends on the area of land managed by the farmer, where farmers with a land area of 2 Ha have the largest income during 10 years of land management, namely Mr. Bisken with an income of IDR 162,719,500. Utilization of Multi-Purpose Trees Species (MPTS) or plantation and industrial crops can increase the economic value and profitability of farmers’ land.
Detection of Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV) causes of tungro disease in rice plant (Oryza sativa l.) in Langkat, North Sumatera using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique
Authors: Rahayu S , Hannum S , Cristin L , Tampubolon D M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Tungro is one of the important disease in rice which is an obstacle in increasing rice production in Langkat. The detection of diseases caused by this virus has many barrier since there are many virus also have similar symptoms in rice plants, therefore it requires a more accurate technique like PCR. The PCR detects directly the virus itself or its type. Rice leaf samples were taken by Random purposive sampling as many as 16 samples with symptoms of viral diseases from 16 villages in Langkat Regency. The genomic DNA was isolated from the samples and analyzed the virus using specific primers. The indications of infected rice leaf showed dwarf plants, yellowing leaves, few plant saplings, dark spots, rust spots, and midrib and short leaf blades in all samples at 16 villages at Langkat Regency. The similarity analysis of the 16 samples based on symptoms analyzed by the Unwight Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) is displayed in the form of a dendogram. All collections of symptomatic rice leaves from 16 villages were clustered at 79% similarity based on symptoms of viral disease. The results of the PCR were successfully amplified and positively infected with Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV) indicated by the presence of a 430 bp band fragment after being analyzed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique.
Assessment of Tree Damage with the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) Method and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Method
Authors: Safe’i R , Andrian R , Maryono T , Tapasya S , Gandadipoera F H M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
So far, the assessment or measurement of tree damage has only been done using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method. This study aims to determine the types of tree damage using Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) methods. The research was conducted at the TAHURA WAR Utilization Block and the Computer Science Laboratory at FMIPA Lampung University. Measuring the type of tree damage using the FHM method is carried out on trees that are in the FHM cluster. Identification of tree damage types with the CNN algorithm using the MobileNet architecture. The results showed that there were 13 types of tree damage found, with five types of tree damage that were commonly found (> 60 cases): open wounds (218 cases), cancer (94 cases), Broken / Cracks and stems (87 cases), broken or dead branches (73 cases), and loss of dominant shoots (69 cases). As for the identification results with the CNN method, there were nine out of 13 types of damage that obtained precision, recall, and F1 scores of 100%. Thus, five types of dominant tree damage were found, one of which was open wounds (218 cases), and nine types of tree damage obtained high accuracy values.
Prediction of land cover change in the Belawan watershed using the cellular automata-markov chain model
Authors: Slamet B , Nababan A M , Anggraini N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Belawan Watershed is one of the watersheds that cross Medan City, the capital of North Sumatra province. The spatial distribution of land cover affects the hydrological conditions in this watershed. The purpose of this study is to predict land cover in 2032 so that it can be used as information to mitigate changes in forest land cover. The method used is Cellular Automata-Markov Chain modeling with five change parameters (driving factors): distance from the river, distance from the road, altitude, population density, and slope. Land cover changes in the Belawan watershed used for this modeling include land cover in 2012, 2017, and 2022 and predicted land cover in 2032. The results showed that the predicted land cover is the water body 998.409 ha (1.36%), dryland forest 970.399 ha (1.32%), mangrove forest 3,351.496 ha (4.58%), settlement 11,600.105 ha (15.85%), plantation 38,787.924 ha (53.01%), agriculture 8,674.632 ha (11.85%), rice fields 5,568.183 ha (7.6%) and ponds 3,218.175 ha (4.3%). The area of forests and mangroves tends to continue to decline, so mitigation efforts are needed to reduce the reduction rate in forest and mangrove land cover.
Identification of mangrove forests using Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite imagery in Medan Belawan District, Medan City
Authors: Sulistiyono N , Tarigan C P , Daulay A F , Hudjimartsu S A , Putri Y U 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Mangroves are a forest ecosystem tolerant to salt (halophytic) and influenced by sea tides. Mangrove forests are producers of ecosystem services that all living things need. The use of remote sensing can be used to identify mangrove forests in large areas in a short time. Sentinel-1 is a satellite product widely used to monitor land cover, including mangrove forests. The research objective was to identify mangrove forests in the Medan Belawan District using Sentinel-1 satellite imagery. Land cover classification in digital images was done using supervised classification with the maximum likelihood and random forest method. The results showed that random forest methods are more accurate than the maximum likelihood of identifying mangrove forests in Medan Belawan. The kappa accuracy value of the digital satellite image classification using the random forest method is 85.09%, and the maximum likelihood method is 77.4%. Based on the random forest method, the mangrove forest area is 1,325.81 hectares or 43.64% of the Belawan District area.
Preserving the Lake Toba ecosystem: Strategic planning to mitigate red devil fish invasion
Authors: Lumbanraja V , Nasution N F 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLake Toba is known as a tourism destination and also has aquaculture that is utilized for freshwater fish. However, several types of endemic fish and consumable fish cultivated in Lake Toba are facing the threat of extinction, and their populations are decreasing due to the presence of Red Devil Fish. The research aims to explain how the local government’s strategic planning efforts mitigate the invasion of Red Devil Fish and preserve the ecosystem in Lake Toba. This research uses qualitative research with descriptive methods. This research prioritizes secondary data collection that can support research. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results showed that the Indonesian government must overcome the problem of red devil fish invasion into the Indonesian aquatic ecosystem. The presence of Red Devil fish in Lake Toba has reduced the number and diversity of fish, including the extinction of several native fish species. The impact of this invasion damages the ecosystem and causes economic losses such as control costs and decreased fish production for public consumption. The local government’s strategic planning in protecting the Lake Toba ecosystem from Red Devil fish invasion is carried out by controlling spatial planning, conducting talks, and collaborating with various related parties. The North Sumatra Provincial Marine and Fisheries Service and the Fish Family Association have implemented strategies to minimize Lake Toba’s Red Devil fish population. Increasing community involvement in managing the Lake Toba ecosystem and reducing the Red Devil fish population is crucial.
Diversity of fungi species that decompose Ceriops tagal leaf litter on Pulau Sembilan, Langkat Regency
Authors: Yunasfi  , Auri M R A , Dalimunthe A , Lestari S , Samosir P A , Sihite Y , Ramadhan Y I , Fadhilah A , Noer Z 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
One of the processes in mangrove ecosystems that contributes greatly to water fertility is the decomposition or breakdown of mangrove litter. Fungi, as decomposers in the process of decomposing litter, have an important role in the ecosystem and also play a role in regulating nutrient availability and carbon cycling.This research was conducted to determine the number of species and diversity of fungi found in decomposed C. tagal leaf litter, to measure the rate of decomposition of C. tagal leaf litter and to determine the levels of carbohydrates and proteins during the decomposition process.The research was carried out at the Forest Cultivation Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The sampling location of C. tagal leaf litter was in the mangrove ecosystem on Pulau Sembilan, PangkalanSusu District, Langkat Regency.The determination of carbohydrate and protein content was carried out at the Medan Industrial Research and Standardization Center.The research was conducted from June 2022 to December 2022.The average rate of litter decomposition was obtained using the formula: ln (Xt/X0) = -kt, and analysis of carbohydrate and protein content using the SNI 01-2891-1992 method.The results of this research showed that there were 5 types of fungi found in the decomposition process of C. tagal leaf litter, which were Aspergillus sp. 1, Aspergillus sp. 2, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp. and Culvularia sp. The average value of fungal diversity is 1.19, which is included in the medium category. The decomposition rate of C. tagal leaf litter was 7.55 per year. On day 90, the lowest carbohydrate content was 3.62% and the highest protein content was 5.4%.