bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIMARY HEPATIC MASS LESIONS IN DOGS
Authors: Fukushima Kenjiro , Kanemoto Hideyuki , Ohno Koichi , Takahashi Masashi , Nakashima Ko , Fujino Yasuhito , Uchida Kazuyuki , Fujiwara Reina , Nishimura Ryohei , Tsujimoto Hajime 
Published: January 2012

Little information is available on the relationship between computed tomography (CT) imaging findings and the pathologic diagnosis of canine hepatic tumors. Our purpose was to clarify the characteristic features of CT findings in liver tumors in dogs. Data from 33 dogs with either a hepatocellular carcinoma, n = 14, hepatocellular adenoma, n = 14, or nodular hyperplasia, n = 5 were summarized from medical records. CT features for each histologic diagnosis were characterized and analyzed statistically. Common findings in hepatocellular carcinoma included central (79%, P = 0.0030) and marginal enhancement (93%, P = 0.00043) in the arterial phase, cyst‐like lesions (93%), capsule formation (93%), and hypoattenuation in the portal (86%), and equilibrium phases (93%). Hepatic adenoma was characterized by a characteristic diffuse enhancement pattern during the arterial phase (57%, P = 0.013), which was also found in nodular hyperplasia (60%), but never in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nodular hyperplasia was less likely to have a capsule structure (20%, P = 0.0087). Mass size was significantly smaller in nodular hyperplasia than in hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic adenoma (P = 0.0033 and 0.038, respectively). Hyperattenuation in the arterial and the portal phase i.e. contrast retention, was more frequent in hepatic adenoma than in the other groups (P = 0.037 and 0.037, respectively). Nodular hyperplasia was more frequently isoattenuating in the equilibrium phase (P = 0.043).
Role of polar and nonpolar residues at the active site for PPIase activity of FKBP22 from Shewanella sp. SIB1
Authors: Budiman Cahyo , Tadokoro Takashi , Angkawidjaja Clement , Koga Yuichi , Kanaya Shigenori 
Published: January 2012

FKBP22 from the psychotropic bacterium Shewanella sp. SIB1 is a homodimeric protein with peptidyl prolyl cis–trans isomerase (PPIase) activity. According to a tertiary model, several nonpolar residues including Trp157 and Phe197 form a substrate‐binding cavity, and Asp137 and Arg142, which form a salt bridge, are located at the edge of this cavity. To analyze the role of these residues, nine single (D137A, R142A, W157A/F/Y, F197A/L/Y/W) and one double (D137A/R142A) mutant protein of SIB1 FKBP22 were constructed. The far‐ and near‐UV CD spectra of these mutant proteins suggest that the mutations at Asp137 and Arg142 do not seriously affect the protein structure, while those at Trp157 and Phe197 cause a local conformational change around the mutation site. Each mutation decreased the PPIase activities of SIB1 FKBP22 for peptide and protein substrates similarly without seriously affecting chaperone function. This result indicates that SIB1 FKBP22 does not require PPIase activity for chaperone function. The PPIase activities of R142A, D137A and D137A/R142A decreased in this order, suggesting that Asp137 and Arg142 play a principal and auxiliary role in catalytic function, respectively, but Arg142 can function as a substitute of Asp137. Because the PPIase activity of SIB1 FKBP22 was not fully lost by the removal of all polar residues around the active site, the desolvation effect may also contribute to the enzymatic activity. However, the mutations of Trp157 to Phe or Phe197 to Leu greatly decrease the enzymatic activity, suggesting that the shape of the substrate‐binding cavity is also important for enzymatic activity.DatabasePeptidyl prolyl cis–trans isomerase (PPIase, EC5.2.1.8)
Defining NP scope of practice and associated regulations: Focus on acute care
Authors: Kleinpell Ruth M. , Hudspeth Randall , Scordo Kristine Anne , Magdic Kathy 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPurpose: Although the nurse practitioner (NP) role has been in existence for over 40 years, there continues to be uncertainty about the essential components that define NP scope of practice. The purpose of this article is to review definitions and concepts related to NP scope of practice with an emphasis on NPs working in acute care.Data sources: A synthesis literature review was conducted on defining NP scope of practice. Simultaneous review of authoritative resources including National Council of State Board of Nursing, individual state board of nursing language, and NP scope and standards of practice documents was conducted.Conclusions: Scope of practice is a legal term used by states to define what activities an individual professional can undertake. The Consensus Model for Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) Regulation outlines that licensure and scope of practice are based on graduate education within a defined patient population for the APRN role. The APRN Consensus Model further identifies that the services provided by APRNs are not defined or limited by setting but rather by patient care needs. For the acute care NP, this is especially significant, as patient acuity and care requirements can vary across settings. When implemented, the Consensus Model will help to standardize regulation for APRNs as well as ensure congruence between licensure, accreditation, certification, and education.Implications for practice: Providing clarification of the NP scope of practice, especially as it pertains to NPs working in acute care settings, remains needed to support practice based on educational preparation, licensure, certification, and focus of practice.
Effect of Nutrition Changes on Foods Selected by Students in a Middle School‐Based Diabetes Prevention Intervention Program: The HEALTHY Experience
Authors:   The HEALTHY Study Group, Mobley Connie C. , Stadler Diane D. , Staten Myrlene A. , El ghormli Laure , Gillis Bonnie , Hartstein Jill , Siega‐Riz Anna Maria , Virus Amy 
Published: January 2012

BACKGOUND: The HEALTHY primary prevention trial developed an integrated multicomponent intervention program to moderate risk factors for type 2 diabetes in middle schools. The nutrition component aimed to improve the quality of foods and beverages served to students. Changes in the School Breakfast Program (SBP), National School Lunch Program (NSLP), and à la carte venues are compared to the experience of control schools.METHODS: The intervention was implemented in 21 middle schools from winter 2007 through spring 2009 (following a cohort of students from sixth through eighth grades); 21 schools acted as observed controls. The nutrition component targeted school food service environmental change. Data identifying foods and nutrients served (selected by students for consumption) were collected over a 20‐day period at baseline and end of study. Analysis compared end of study values for intervention versus control schools.RESULTS: Intervention schools more successfully limited dessert and snack food portion size in NSLP and à la carte and lowered fat content of foods served. Servings of high‐fiber grain‐based foods and/or legumes were improved in SBP but not NSLP. Intervention and control schools eliminated >1% fat milk and added‐sugar beverages in SBP, but intervention schools were more successful in NSLP and à la carte.CONCLUSION: The HEALTHY program demonstrated significant changes in the nutritional quality of foods and beverages served in the SBP, NSLP, and à la carte venues, as part of an effort to decrease childhood obesity and support beneficial effects in some secondary HEALTHY study outcomes.
The Relation between Chronic Kidney Disease and Cerebral Microbleeds: Difference between Patients with and without Diabetes
Authors: Ryu Wi-Sun , Lee Seung-Hoon , Kim Chi Kyung , Kim Beom Joon , Yoon Byung-Woo 
Published: January 2012

Background Cerebral microbleeds are an important radiologic marker of bleeding-prone brain and have been reported to be associated with the increased risk of intracerebral haemorrhage. Aims We sought to examine the association of chronic kidney disease with cerebral microbleeds, and determine whether the association differs between patients with and without diabetes. Methods A total of 909 patients with ischemic stroke who were consecutively admitted to our hospital were included in this study. We collected demographic, clinical, and laboratory data (including serum creatinine levels) and documented the presence and numbers of microbleeds. Kidney function was estimated by using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. We categorized estimated glomerular filtration rates into moderate to severe, mild, and normal (<60, 60–90, and >90 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively). Results Cerebral microbleeds is most frequent in the moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease group (45.6%). In patients without diabetes, mild and moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease was found to be independently associated with the presence of cerebral microbleeds (adjusted odds ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.71 and adjusted odds ratio, 3.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.87–7.47) compared with normal kidney function. In patients with diabetes, however, this relationship was not found. Furthermore, ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that an increased serum creatinine level and a reduced kidney function were associated with the number of cerebral microbleeds. Conclusion We found that chronic kidney disease is independently associated with cerebral microbleeds in patients without diabetes but not in patients with diabetes.
Distinct HIV discordancy patterns by epidemic size in stable sexual partnerships in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Chemaitelly Hiam , Cremin Ide , Shelton Jim , Hallett Timothy B , Abu-Raddad Laith J 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveTo describe patterns of HIV infection among stable sexual partnerships across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodsThe authors defined measures of HIV discordancy and conducted a comprehensive quantitative assessment of discordancy among stable partnerships in 20 countries in SSA through an analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey data.ResultsHIV prevalence explained at least 50% of the variation in HIV discordancy, with two distinct patterns of discordancy emerging based on HIV prevalence being roughly smaller or larger than 10%. In low-prevalence countries, approximately 75% of partnerships affected by HIV are discordant, while only about half of these are discordant in high-prevalence countries. Out of each 10 HIV infected persons, two to five are engaged in discordant partnerships in low-prevalence countries compared with one to three in high-prevalence countries. Among every 100 partnerships in the population, one to nine are affected by HIV and zero to six are discordant in low-prevalence countries compared with 16–45 and 9–17, respectively, in high-prevalence countries. Finally, zero to four of every 100 sexually active adults are engaged in a discordant partnership in low-prevalence countries compared with six to eight in high-prevalence countries.ConclusionsIn high-prevalence countries, a large fraction of stable partnerships were affected by HIV and half were discordant, whereas in low-prevalence countries, fewer stable partnerships were affected by HIV but a higher proportion of them were discordant. The findings provide a global view of HIV infection among stable partnerships in SSA but imply complex considerations for rolling out prevention interventions targeting discordant partnerships.
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY IN THE WEB BASED ON THE SEMANTIC TRIANGLE COMMUNICATION MODEL
Authors: CHIANESE ANGELO , FASOLINO ANNA RITA , MOSCATO VINCENZO , TRAMONTANA PORFIRIO , CAROPRESO MARIO 
Published: January 2012

In this paper we propose a novel communication approach and a possible implementation of it that, exploiting the Semantic Web technologies, allows semantic interoperability among software agents in the Web, preserving not only the semantics but also the subjectivity of the agent's world vision in the communication. Such an approach takes advantage of a particular communication model called Semantic Triangle in which communication agents share the referents (real world objects) and not the concepts (mental image or impression of a real object from the sender agents point of view), thus ensuring an effective semantic interoperability in the information exchange process. The proposed approach has been submitted to an experiment that involved an instantiation of the communication process based on semantic machines and showed the approach feasibility for the semantic information exchange and its effectiveness.
Altered expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-2 in placentas from women exposed to lead
Authors: González-Puebla E , González-Horta C , Infante-Ramírez R , Sanin LH , Levario-Carrillo M , Sánchez-Ramírez B 
Published: January 2012

Experimental studies have shown that prenatal exposure to lead (Pb) produces morphological changes related to extracellular matrix remodelling. To analyse whether the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-2, MMP-9, and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2), are associated with morphological alterations found in placentas, the expression of these enzymes was evaluated by immunohistochemical and image analyses in placentas of women with histories of environmental exposure to Pb. The median maternal concentration of Pb in blood was 4.68 µg/dL ([Formula: see text] = 5.85 ± 6.48 µg/dL). Significant differences related to the exposure to Pb were not detected in newborn or placenta weight. MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-2 were expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of placental villi. A significant increase in both MMP-2 and MMP-9 was observed in placentas of women with concentrations of Pb in blood ≥4.68 µg/dL ( p = 0.01 and 0.03 for MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively) and decrease in TIMP-2 expression ( p = 0.01) resulted in a significant increase in MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio ( p < 0.01). Increased expression of MMPs may be induced to aid in repairing placental tissue damaged by the exposure to Pb and that TIMP-2 decreases its expression to permit tissue repair. Increased expression of MMPs may be important to consider as a mechanism for generating placental abnormalities and in the induction of preterm delivery or abortion.
Short-term exposure of 4-hydroxynonenal induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in PC12 cells
Authors: Siddiqui MA , Kumar V , Kashyap MP , Agarwal M , Singh AK , Jahan S , Khanna VK , Al-Khedhairy AA , Musarrat J , Pant AB 
Published: January 2012

4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is one of the most reactive aldehydic by-products of lipid peroxidation. The role of 4-HNE in the etiology of various neurodegenerative disorders including cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, etc. has been documented. We and others have reported that long-term toxic insults of 4-HNE triggers apoptotic signals and oxidative stress in various cells. However, the status of apoptosis following short-term exposure and underlying mechanisms has not been explored so far. We studied the apoptotic changes in PC12 cells receiving short-term exposure of 4-HNE. A significant dose-dependent induction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and early response markers (c-Fos, c-Jun, and GAP-43) were observed in cells exposed to 4-HNE (10, 25, and 50 µM) for 1h. Following the exposure of PC12 cells to 4-HNE, the levels of protein and messenger RNA expressions of P53, Bax, and caspase 3 were significantly upregulated, whereas the levels of Bcl2 was downregulated. We could record the apoptotic signals and ROS generation in PC12 cells receiving 4-HNE exposure for such a short period of time. Induction in the expression and activity of caspase 3 has also indicated the mitochondrial mediation in the apoptosis induction.
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy for elderly patients with stage I–II unresected lung cancer
Authors: Wisnivesky Juan P. , Bonomi Marcelo , Lurslurchachai Linda , Mhango Grace , Halm Ethan A. 
Published: January 2012

Radiotherapy (RT) is the standard therapy for unresected stage I–II nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using population-based data, we compared survival and toxicity among unresected elderly patients treated with combined chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or RT alone.Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA) we identified 3,006 cases of unresected stage I–II NSCLC. We used propensity score methods to compare survival and rates of toxicity of patients treated with RTversusCRT.Overall, 844 (28%) patients received CRT. Adjusted analyses showed that CRT was associated with improved survival (hazard ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.78–0.94). Combination therapy was also associated with better survival among stage I patients treated with intermediate complexity RT (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70–0.90); however, no difference in survival was observed among patients treated with complex RT. In stage II patients, CRT was associated with improved survival regardless of the RT technique (HR 0.61–0.72). CRT was associated with increased odds of toxicity.Despite increased toxicity, CRT may improve survival of elderly unresected patients with stage II disease as well as stage I NSCLC treated with intermediate RT complexity. Randomised trials are needed to clarify the balance of benefits and risk of CRT in unresected patients.
Are marginalized women being left behind? A population-based study of institutional deliveries in Karnataka, India
Authors: Adamson Paul C , Krupp Karl , Niranjankumar Bhavana , Freeman Alexandra H , Khan Mudassir , Madhivanan Purnima 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
While India has made significant progress in reducing maternal mortality, attaining further declines will require increased skilled birth attendance and institutional delivery among marginalized and difficult to reach populations.

Methods
A population-based survey was carried out among 16 randomly selected rural villages in rural Mysore District in Karnataka, India between August and September 2008. All households in selected villages were enumerated and women with children 6 years of age or younger underwent an interviewer-administered questionnaire on antenatal care and institutional delivery.

Results
Institutional deliveries in rural areas of Mysore District increased from 51% to 70% between 2002 and 2008. While increasing numbers of women were accessing antenatal care and delivering in hospitals, large disparities were found in uptake of these services among different castes. Mothers belonging to general castes were almost twice as likely to have an institutional birth as compared to scheduled castes and tribes. Mothers belonging to other backward caste or general castes had 1.8 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.21, 2.89) of having an institutional delivery as compared to scheduled castes and tribes. In multivariable analysis, which adjusted for inter- and intra-village variance, Below Poverty Line status, caste, and receiving antenatal care were all associated with institutional delivery.

Conclusion
The results of the study suggest that while the Indian Government has made significant progress in increasing antenatal care and institutional deliveries among rural populations, further success in lowering maternal mortality will likely hinge on the success of NRHM programs focused on serving marginalized groups. Health interventions which target SC/ST may also have to address both perceived and actual stigma and discrimination, in addition to providing needed services. Strategies for overcoming these barriers may include sensitization of healthcare workers, targeted health education and outreach, and culturally appropriate community-level interventions. Addressing the needs of these communities will be critical to achieving Millennium Development Goal Five by 2015.
The Research and Development for Collecting, Emitting, and Manipulating Energy
Authors: Li Tingkai 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTR. E. Smalley (1985 Nobel Laureate for discovery of C60) provided the humanity’s top ten important issues for next 50 years in 2005, which are energy, water, food, environment, poverty, terrorism & war, disease, education, democracy, and population[1]. In the past five years, the people has realized that with exhaustion of fossil fuel energy, global warming, population growth, and etc., the energy challenge & revolution is the most important issue. In order to solve this problem, many governments in the world have been developing the very important projects dealing with collecting, emitting, and manipulating energy. This paper reviewed the recent progress of these projects such as generation of renewable energies and save energies, especially focus on thin film solar cells, LEDs and smart power and grid, which including III-V materials on Si or ceramic substrates for high efficiency thin film solar cell and high power, high brightness and high efficiency LEDs, as well as smart control of mixture of electric, thermal and other energies. The Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) and City Integrated LEDs (CILED) will be most important manufacturing in this century.
Effect of Diets on Biology ofAbaris basistriataandSelenophorus seriatoporus(Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Barbosa C L , Cividanes F J , Andrade D J , Dos Santos-Cividanes T M 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGround beetles or carabids are collective terms for the beetle family Carabidae. This family contains many species considered important predators associated with agricultural crops. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of different diet types on consumption, fecundity, and egg viability of Abaris basistriata Chaudoir and Selenophorus seriatoporus Putzeys (Coleoptera: Carabidae) . The diets assessed were as follows: larvae of Tenebrio molitor L.; minced beef; dry cat food; the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani); seeds of signal grass, Brachiaria decumbens Stapf; and a diet mixture. Five males and five females of each species were kept isolated in a plastic container divided by a silicon barrier, one side being filled with sifted soil that was moistened for oviposition and the other lined with filter paper to receive the diet. A. basistriata did not consume the B. decumbens seeds. The most consumed diet by A. basistriata and S. seriatoporus adults was T. molitor larvae. S. graminum and T. molitor larvae and diet mixture were considered the diets most favorable for the reproductive capacity of A. basistriata and S. seriatoporus, respectively. However, T. molitor larvae and diet mixture were the most favorable diets for rearing both carabid species in the laboratory.
Molecular Characteristics of Subterranean Termites of the GenusReticulitermes(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) from Korea
Authors: Kim M-J , Choi Y-S , Lee J , Kim J-J , Kim G-H 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMolecular and taxonomic studies of subterranean termites in the genus Reticulitermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) have suggested that Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto is the only species that occurs in Korea. However, the specimens studied to date were collected from a limited number of locations, and basic information about the distribution, taxonomy, and molecular characteristics of this genus in Korea is still lacking. In this study, we collected Reticulitermes specimens from 50 sampling sites distributed throughout the country. By comparing the cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene of mitochondrial DNA sequences, we conclude that Reticulitermes speratus is represented by two haplotypes in Korea. In addition, we report the first occurrence of another Reticulitermes species in this country.