bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between XRCC-1 Arg194Trp polymorphism with lung cancer in Iraqi patients
Authors: Al-Rawi Susan Saab Manfi , Khalaf Aysar Ashour , Al-Jbouri Ashwaq M S , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Mutar Ayad Abdulrazzaq 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Preface, DNA repair is the most efficient protective approach against DNA damage. Because the integrity of the genome is vital and crucial, the process of repairing DNA induced by carcinogens is critical. The ability to repair DNA damage may be impacted by specific genetic variants in DNA-repair genes, which may also be a risk factor for the development of cancer. The X-ray repair cross complementing-1 (XRCC-1) gene product has been linked to base-excision and single-strand repair mechanisms.

Objective:
The goal of this study was to examine the relation of the XRCC-1 gene with lung cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:
polymarease chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was used to compare 40 lung cancer patients along with 40 sample controls. Samples were collected at Al-Amal National Hospital for cancer management, ages ranging from 40 to 70 years. Statistics were carried out by using the SPSS Software program Version 20.0.

Results:
The results show that the XRCC-1 (Arg194Trp) gene carried seven exons, which were shown to have different frequencies in patients and controls based on three genotypes (Arg/Trp, Arg/Arg, and Trp/Trp). Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with chi-square for the patient (7.949) and control group (8.236). Also, the Arg/Trp genotype was present at a significantly high frequency in patients (77.5%), and the odds ratio was (14.94, confidence interval [CI] = 4.99–44.76 to CI = 0.642), whereas the Trp/Trp genotype frequency increased in the control group (72.5%). And the odds ratio for this relationship was (0.3, P = 0.001, and CI = 0.01–0.11).

Conclusion:
This study’s findings also suggest that the Arg/Trp genotype may be linked to lung cancer in this particular group.
Prevalence of Text Neck Syndrome in Children and Adolescents Using Smartphones in Erbil City
Authors: Aziz Areen Nimat , Bakir Lana Adil 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Neck and shoulder pain is a common health issue among children and teenagers in developing countries.

Objective:
This study aimed to identify the prevalence of text neck syndrome and its associated factors in children and adolescents.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, children and adolescents who attended primary health centers (PHCs) along with their parents were included. Four main PHCs in Erbil city in Iraqi Kurdistan in 2022 were selected for this study.

Results:
The prevalence of text neck pain was 69.0% among children. The level of neck disability score was 17.15 out of 21 among children. Adolescents (96.05%) those who used smartphones >3 h (83.56%), those studying secondary level (94.24%), and those with psychological, social, and physical functions and children who slept less, played fewer sports, used more computers, watched more TV, and played the game more than 3 h were more likely to have text neck syndrome. The study showed that children who spent more time on smartphones, watching TV, playing games, and those with physical and social functions had a high level of neck disability.

Conclusion:
This study found a high prevalence of text neck syndrome among schoolchildren in this region. The high prevalence of text neck syndrome was associated with more using smartphones and watching TV and a high prevalence of physical, psychological, and social issues.
Humoral immunity role in diagnosis of COVID-19 among people visited to a tertiary care hospital in Hilla City
Authors: Al-Asady Furqan Mohammed , Omran Tuqa Zuhair , Abood Fatima Malik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground:Rapid diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is an important tool to control its outbreak.Objectives:The study aimed to evaluate the spreading of COVID-19 and the immunological responses toward COVID-19 infection with qualitative determination of both IgM and IgG.Materials and Methods:The current work involved a total of 803 individuals. The study involved the use of Biozek COVID-19 antigen fast kit.Results:In this study, 487 (60.6%) were male, and 316 (39.4%) were female. Patients aged from 3 to 75 years. The majority of patients were located within the age group of 11–20 years. Significant correlation was obtained between chronic diseases and age of patients. In spite of that the majority of patients without chronic diseases, the patients that had those chronic diseases were exceeded 40 years old. A highly significant correlation between the presence of symptoms and the IgM level in the serum of patients. IgG level was found to be in a significant correlation with the previous COVID-19 infection (109 patients). Moreover, a significant correlation was reported between the level of IgG and chronic diseases (101 patients).Conclusion:Serological method is beneficial in detecting IgM and IgG for COVID-19 and has a crucial role in diagnosing symptomatic and even asymptomatic patients, encouraging the early treatment protocols in case of severely ill patients. It can assist in assessing the immunological behavior of patients.
Outcomes of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Al-Yarmook Teaching Hospital
Authors: Mizeel Adil Khudhair , Taher Nameer Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a disease with multiple causes and has a low incidence rate. Seizure is one of the most common complications of CVT. The rate at which seizure occurs following CVT and the risk factors associated with that occurrence is a debated issue.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of seizure and its associated and risk factors for patients with CVT.

Subjects and Methods:
This was an observational study that included a total of 30 adult patients with CVT. Data, including age, sex, clinical manifestations such as fever, headache, vomiting, altered consciousness, and focal neurologic signs, such as sensory disturbances, were collected. Imaging findings that included hemorrhagic lesion, infarction, and thrombus site were also reported. Patients were followed up for 6 months from the initial diagnosis to recognize the development of seizures.

Results:
Within 6 months of follow-up, 13 (43.3%) patients developed generalized seizures, which was the most common type of CVT. The superior sagittal sinus (SSS) occlusion was recognized in 84.62% of patients with seizures and 48.06.5% in patients without seizures. Similarly, the right lateral sinus was occluded in 84.62% of patients with seizures as compared with 41.18% among those without seizures. Contraceptive use was reported in 61.54%of patients with seizures versus 17.65% in those without seizures with a significant difference.

Conclusion:
The involvement of SSS and lateral right sinus occlusion and use of contraceptives could be warning signs and a risk factor for the development of seizures in patients with CVT.
Assessment of Impact of Regional Analgesia on Labor and Neonates in Hilla City
Authors: Kadhim Safa Abd Al Hassan , Al Jeborry Milal Muhammed 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Epidural is the most effective form of pain relief in labor with around 30% of laboring women in the UK and 60% in the USA receiving epidural analgesia.

Objectives:
To assess effect of regional analgesia on labor pain, duration, outcome of delivery and neonates.

Materials and Methods:
Case control study included 400 pregnant woman 200 of them delivered by painless labour and other 200 whose delivered without analgesia who attended to the babylon maternity and pediatric hospital, Al sadiq hospital and private hospitals in al hilla city which included private Teiba, Al Fayhaa hospitals from first of february 2022 to June 2022.

Results:
The duration of first stage of labor was significantly prolonged at control mothers 26%(52) in compare to 10%(20) of mothers with epidural anesthesia had prolonged labor. While second stage shown no significant association with epidural anesthesia (P = 0.47). Fetal heart rate abnormalities shown no significant association with epidural analgesia (P = 0.96). While back pain and headache was significantly higher in mothers with epidural analgesia (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
EA was not associated with a higher instrumental delivery rate and higher rate of c/s, EA not cause significant maternal or neonatal complications in primi- and multiparas. Importantly, EA associated with short first stage of labor and not higher rate effect on duration of second stage of labour.
Antimicrobial Activity of Some Nanoparticles Synthesized by Laser Ablation Technique against Some Bacteria Isolated from Oral Cavity
Authors: Mohammed Huda Abbas , Sahi Nebras Mohammed , Ahmed Rafea T. , Al-Rubaye Abeer fauzi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Tooth decay is an infectious disease that affects many people around the world and results in tooth pain due to dental cavities, which leads to tooth loss. Nanomaterials were used in the manufacture of fillings to reduce the activity of bacteria that cause tooth decay.

Objectives:
The current study aims to determine the efficiency of the antimicrobial activity of some nanoparticles (Go + Ag + poly, Zn + poly, Zn + poly, Ag + Zn + poly) manufactured by laser ablation technique to determine their ability to disrupt the biofilm formation produced by microorganisms and thus prevent tooth decay.

Materials and Methods:
Samples were collected from people who suffer from gingivitis and tooth decay and identification of bacteria by VITEK 2 Densi screening device. Nanoparticles were manufactured by laser ablation technique at the wavelength 1064 nm and then measuring the ability of bacterial isolates to form biofilm before and after the addition of nanoparticles using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) device at wavelength 490 nm.

Results:
The results showed the efficiency of the nanocomposite (Ag + poly) in inhibiting the growth of bacteria, followed by (Go + Ag + poly), (Zn + poly), while (Ag + Zn + poly) did not show any effect in inhibiting the growth of Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Serratia plymuthica, Staphylococcus hyicus on the culture media. It was noticed that the average value for formation biofilms that was represented through optical density at 490 nm were noticeably higher before adding nanomaterials than the mean value of biofilm formation amount after adding nanomaterials at P ≤ 0.05 which is considered as a differential sign.

Conclusion:
Laser ablation technology was used to manufacturing nanoparticles for using as an inhibitor of bacterial species which isolated from patients with dental caries, where it was found that most of the nanoparticles manufactured by this technique have a role for inhibiting of Sphingomonas paucimobilis
Serratia plymuthica, Staphylococcus hyicus that were isolated from people with dental caries. The nanoparticle (Ag + poly) showed a remarkable efficiency in inhibiting the growth of S. paucimobilis, S. pneumonia, and S. hyicus except S. plymuthica was not affected by this nanoparticle, while the nanoparticle (Ag + Zn + poly) did not show any effect in inhibiting the growth of S. paucimobilis, S. pneumonia, S. plymuthica, and S. hyicus on the culture media. Mostly, laser-ablated nanoparticles showed antimicrobial action in vitro. Accordingly, there is a need for additional research to describe in detail the mechanism of the toxicity of these nanoparticles.
Sociodemographic Characteristics, Smoking, and Family History of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Northern Part of Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Blnd Ibrahim , Amin Bushra Karem 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a long chronic condition of the gastrointestinal tract that includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The incidence rate of IBD increases globally. The exact pathogenesis of IBD is not known and has yet to be discovered.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted in Kurdistan region of Iraq (Erbil, Duhok, Sulaimaniyah, and Halabja) from July 2021 to July 2022. Sociodemographic variables (gender, age, education level, employment status, marital status, and residency) plus smoking habits and family history were collected by a questionnaire and reviewed in 83 patients with IBD and 170 matched controls, followed by statistical comparison in both studied groups. A combination of clinical, radiographic, histological, and endoscopic assessment from medical records was used for the diagnosis of IBD.

Results:
Of all IBD patients, 56.6% (47) were male and 43.4% (36) were female. Statistically no significant differences were identified, among patients and controls, for gender, age, marital status, level of education, and employment, whereas significant differences were identified for residency, smoking, and family history, and P value was 0.019, 0.016, and 0.001, respectively.

Conclusions:
Smoking and family history were determined as a risk factor for the development of IBD and the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.916 (1.126–3.260) and 3.260 (1.596–6.658), respectively.
Direct Lateral Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty and its Complications in a Group of Patients
Authors: Ab-Al-Sada Mohammed Ab-Kudher , Khaledi Salah Mahdi , Al-Dahan Tarik Ziad Tarik 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) aims to treat pain and to restore the joint motion and stability. The surgical approaches to perform it are different, and all approaches have disadvantages or complications. The direct lateral approach (DLA) advantages include the decrement of the dislocation possibility.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to determine the Harris hip score (HHS) and frequency of complications by gender among a group of patients who underwent THA through DLA, and the mean age of those patients with and without complications.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted from June 2014 to January 2021 and included 80 patients in Saint Raphael Hospital in Baghdad undergoing primary THA by DLA. We excluded patients with revision THA. Age, gender, follow-up period, complications, and HHS were recorded and entered into computer software Microsoft Excel version 2019. Mean ± standard deviation was used to express continuous variables, whereas frequency and percentage were used to express categorical variables. t-test and Chi-square test were used as appropriate.

Results:
There were a total of 80 patients (29 males/51 females). Mean HHS was 96.7 ± 1.5; mean HHS and frequency of complications did not differ significantly by gender. The percent of dislocation, fracture, and infection among patients was 3.8%, 5%, and 3.8%, respectively. The mean age did not differ significantly among patients with and without complications.

Conclusions:
Gender had no role in the complications related to DLA, and age had no role in the complications.
The Relationship between Brain Computed Tomography Scan Findings and Prognosis in Patients with Missile-penetrating Head Injuries
Authors: Al-Anbari Husam Ghazi , Salih Al-Zaubai Nuha M. , Matloob Ahmed Hashim , Hadi Ali A. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Missile-penetrating head injury is a challenging problem for treating physicians. In Iraq and during 2003–2007, there was a civil war, which led to multiple causalities after suicide bombings or other clashes with coalition forces. A brain computed tomography (BCT) scan is considered as an initial diagnostic test to evaluate the next management plan. The authors tried to find the relationship between BCT scan findings and patients’ outcomes.

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the relationship between BCT scan findings of patients with missile-penetrating head injury and their prognosis.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cohort retrospective clinical study performed in Karbala, Iraq in the period from January 2005 till January 2006. Seventy patients with missile-penetrating head injuries were admitted and evaluated in Al-Hussain General Hospital (affiliated with the University of Al-Ameed). All patients had BCT scans and their outcome was evaluated using a modified Glasgow Outcome Scale.

Results:
In this study, the mortality rate is 15.71%. BCT scan findings are correlated with patients’ outcomes, which revealed the injury of one lobe carries the best outcome, whereas those with more than two lobes or posterior fossa injury carry the worse prognosis. Moreover, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) showed the highest mortality rate, whereas tract hematoma alone seems to carry a good prognosis with the least mortality.

Conclusion:
BCT scan is essential in both diagnosis and prognosis of patients with missile-penetrating head injury. IVH and posterior fossa injury lead to the highest mortality rate.
Association between Placental Localization and Fetal Gender Detection Early in Pregnancy
Authors: Qasim Hadeel AbdulSattar , Hamid Ruaa Abduljabbar 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Ultrasound (US) is a highly feasible way to assess fetal health as well as detect the gender to satisfy parents’ curiosity and it is important in several hereditary and chromosomal diseases.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine the gender of the fetus during the first trimester by detecting the chorionic villi (placental) location by US and finding its relation with fetal gender.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on 67 women in April 2019–April 2020 on outpatient private clinic, ultrasound machine used DC N3 Pro, transabdominal approach by 5 MHz probe 3C5A measuring transverse and sagittal views of the gestational sac and localizing chorionic villi, another scan was done in the second trimester to identify the fetal gender by visualizing the genitalia.

Results:
Of 67 pregnant women examined, 40 had male fetuses and 27 had female fetuses. Approximately 50% of males had right-sided placenta. And 50% of them had left sided placenta, 11 out of 27 examined females fetus had right sided placenta, 16/27 female had left sided chorionic villi, Chi square analysis done, P-value was 0.456.

Conclusion:
The site of chorionic villi has an insignificant correlation with fetal gender difference.
Investigating the potential correlation between vitamin D with rheumatoid factor, anticyclic citrullinated peptides antibody, and interleukin-12 levels in rheumatoid arthritis women in Erbil, Iraq
Authors: Amjadipoor Nasrin Mostafa , Shnawa Bushra Hussain 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder involving the synovial joints of humans. Recent research has demonstrated that vitamin D (VD3) can influence a person’s susceptibility to RA, and a proinflammatory mediator affects the pathogenesis of RA.

Objectives:
This work aimed to investigate the correlation of VD3 with autoantibodies and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in RA patients.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty women were included in this case–control study, 60 confirmed RA and 20 healthy controls (HC) of the age range 29–71 years. The sera of study subjects were examined for anticyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP), vitamin D3, and IL-12 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Rheumatoid factor (RF-IgG) was tested by latex agglutination technique.

Results:
The present findings revealed a significantly high concentration of anti-CCP, RF-IgG, and IL-12 in RA patients in comparison to HC. The anti-CCP expressed high sensitivity and specificity at 80% and 100% compared to RF-IgG at 76.6% and 90%, respectively. Both RA patients and HC groups showed lower levels of VD3 with a nonsignificant difference, 50% of RA patients and 55% of the HC had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL). In RA patients, negative associations were observed between VD3 and anti-CCP and IL-12 levels. In contrast, a positive correlation was observed between anti-CCP and IL-12 in RA women.

Conclusion:
Anti-CCP had a better diagnostic value than RF. Low vitamin D is prevalent in RA patients and HC. Also, IL-12 may possess a vital role in RA’s pathophysiology and inflammatory activity, along with IL-12 inhibition may be beneficial in treating this disease.
The Antibacterial Effect of Green Tea on Enterococcus faecalis, Iraq
Authors: Kadhim Ehsan Mansoor , Amin Bushra Karem , Amin Bassam Karem 
Published: May 2024

Background:
For centuries, people have employed plants as a source of therapeutic substances. Herbal remedies are used as analgesics, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory medicines in dentistry. The present study aimed to show the antimicrobial activity of green tea, against faecalis strains (ATCC 29212) in vitro, with various concentration of different extracted solvents.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, different solvents were used for the extraction active substances from dried green tea, followed by determining the antimicrobial actions of green tea against faecalis strains (ATCC 29212) in vitro. Green tea’s antibacterial properties were present in every component when tested on Enterococcus faecalis. The least amount of hexane extract, however, significantly reduced the growth of the aforementioned bacteria.

Conclusions:
According to the findings of this study, green tea extract is a suitable replacement for sodium hypochlorite and other endodontics irrigation solutions. To identify the ideal concentration, more research is necessary.
Assessment of Sympathetic Activity of Adrenal Medullae in Patients with Kidney Stone Treated by Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
Authors: Mohammed Rusul Abdul Kadhim , Hammoud Samir Sawadi , Almarzooq Wadhah A. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the most widely used method for treating kidney and upper ureteric stones smaller than 2 cm due to its effectiveness, safety, non-invasive, and an outpatient procedure.

Objective:
The present study aims to assess the effect of ESWL on the sympathetic activity of adrenal medullae in patients with renal stone.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the ESWL Unit, AL-Hilla Teaching Hospital, Babil Province, Iraq on 50 patients from October 1, 2021 to April 30, 2022. Before and right after an ESWL session, patients underwent a history, physical examination and laboratory tests to measure their levels of serum catecholamines (CAs).

Results:
The results of this study revealed that there is a significant increase of serum epinephrine and norepinephrine levels (P-value <0.001) after ESWL session. There is a significant (P <0.1) increase in epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in patients treated for upper pole renal stones when compared with mid and lower pole renal stones after having an ESWL session. Changing the lithotripter’s parameters (energy, frequency, and number of shock waves) did not significantly (P > 0.05) correlate with the level of both norepinephrine and epinephrine in the serum after the ESWL session.

Conclusion:
The study found that patients with renal stones treated with ESWL had elevated serum CA levels after the session. The CA level correlates with the site of stone (the stone comes near to the adrenal medullae as there was an increase in the CA level), whereas it was unaffected by the lithotripter’s parameters.