bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small Intestinal Alterations in Severely Obese Hyperglycemic Subjects
Authors: Verdam Froukje J. , Greve Jan Willem M. , Roosta Sedigheh , van Eijk Hans , Bouvy Nicole , Buurman Wim A. , Rensen Sander S. 
Published: November 2010

abstract

Context:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is associated with small intestinal hyperplasia and hypertrophy in rodents. Moreover, the small intestine is increasingly acknowledged to play a role in the pathophysiology of DM2.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to investigate the relation between plasma markers of small intestinal function and chronic hyperglycemia in man.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of 40 severely obese subjects with chronic hyperglycemia and 30 severely obese subjects without chronic hyperglycemia who were indicated for bariatric surgery.

Main Outcome Measures:
We assessed plasma levels of citrulline, representing small intestinal enterocyte mass, intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), a marker of enterocyte loss, and glucagon-like peptide-2, an intestinotrophic factor, and related them to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.

Results:
Plasma citrulline and I-FABP levels were both significantly elevated in subjects with chronic hyperglycemia (HbA1c &gt; 6.0%) compared with subjects with a normal HbA1c (≤ 6.0%) (citrulline, 35 ± 2.1 μmvs. 26 ± 1.4 μm, P = 0.001; I-FABP, 140 ± 22 pg/ml vs. 69 ± 14 pg/ml, P = 0.001). Moreover, plasma citrulline and I-FABP levels correlated with HbA1c levels (citrulline, rs = 0.30, P = 0.02; I-FABP, rs = 0.33, P = 0.005). The I-FABP to citrulline ratio was higher in subjects with an elevated HbA1c (4.0 vs. 3.1, P = 0.03). Plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 levels were not related to citrulline or I-FABP levels (rs = 0.06, P = 0.67; rs 0.08, P = 0.54, respectively).

Conclusion:
Chronically elevated glucose levels in obese individuals are associated with increased small intestinal enterocyte mass and increased enterocyte loss. These findings argue for the further exploration of the role of the intestine in the pathophysiology of DM2.
Development of North American Consensus Guidelines for Medical Laboratories That Perform and Interpret Platelet Function Testing Using Light Transmission Aggregometry
Authors: Hayward Catherine P.M. , Moffat Karen A. , Raby Anne , Israels Sara , Plumhoff Elizabeth , Flynn Greg , Zehnder James L. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Platelet function testing is important for the diagnostic evaluation of common and rare bleeding disorders. Our study goals were to promote best practices and reduce unnecessary testing variances by developing North American guidelines on platelet function testing. Guidelines were developed by consensus for expert recommendations (minimum level for approval, 70%) that included recommendations on the evaluation and interpretation of light transmission platelet aggregometry (LTA). To assess consensus, medical opinions on recommendations were gathered from diagnostic laboratories that perform LTA, in collaboration with the Quality Management Program–Laboratory Services (QMP-LS) in Ontario, Canada (10 laboratories), and the North American Specialized Coagulation Laboratory Association (NASCOLA; 47 laboratories, 5 overlapping the QMP-LS group). Adequate consensus was achieved for all and 89% of recommendations for the QMP-LS and NASCOLA groups, respectively. The recommendations adopted provide North American laboratories with additional guidance on platelet function testing, including how to interpret LTA abnormalities.
Transformation of Follicular Lymphoma to Plasmablastic Lymphoma With c-myc Gene Rearrangement
Authors: Ouansafi Ihsane , He Bing , Fraser Cory , Nie Kui , Mathew Susan , Bhanji Rumina , Hoda Rana , Arabadjief Melissa , Knowles Daniel , Cerutti Andrea , Orazi Attilio , Tam Wayne 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent lymphoma that transforms to high-grade lymphoma, mostly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, in about a third of patients. We present the first report of a case of FL that transformed to plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL). Clonal transformation of the FL to PBL was evidenced by identical IGH/BCL2 gene rearrangements and VDJ gene usage in rearranged IGH genes. IGH/ BCL2 translocation was retained in the PBL, which also acquired c-myc gene rearrangement. Genealogic analysis based on somatic hypermutation of the rearranged IGH genes of both FL and PBL suggests that transformation of the FL to PBL occurred most likely by divergent evolution from a common progenitor cell rather than direct evolution from the FL clone. Our study of this unusual case expands the histologic spectrum of FL transformation and increases our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of transformation of indolent lymphomas to aggressive lymphomas.
Characterization of a mutant R11H αB-crystallin associated with human inherited cataract
Authors: Chen Qiang , Yan Ming , Xiang Feiyan , Zhou Xin , Liu Yuanyuan , Zheng Fang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractαB-Crystallin plays an important part in cataract development. A novel mutation (R11H) was previously detected by our group. In the present study, we set out to investigate the possible molecular mechanism by which the R11H mutation causes cataract. We found that the mutant αB-crystallin exhibits folding defects, decreased surface hydrophobicity and enhanced chaperone-like activity compared with the wild-type αB-crystallin. The mutant protein shows nearly the same molecular mass and thermal stability as the wild-type form. Transfection studies revealed that the R11H mutant was remarkably similar to the wild-type protein in its subcellular distribution, but has an abnormal ability to induce cell apoptosis. These results suggest that the changes in hydrophobic exposure and the abnormal ability to induce programmed cell death of the mutant protein are likely to be responsible for the onset of cataract.
Secretion of hepatoma-derived growth factor is regulated by N-terminal processing
Authors: Thakar Ketan , Kröcher Tim , Savant Soniya , Gollnast Doron , Kelm Sørge , Dietz Frank 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) was first purified as a growth factor secreted by hepatoma cells. It promotes angiogenesis and has been related to tumorigenesis. To date, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of HDGF functions and especially its routes or regulation of secretion. Here we show that secretion of HDGF requires the N-terminal 10 amino acids and that this peptide can mediate secretion of other proteins, such as enhanced green fluorescent protein, if fused to their N-terminus. Our results further demonstrate that cysteine residues at positions 12 and 108 are linked via an intramolecular disulfide bridge. Surprisingly, phosphorylation of serine 165 in the C-terminal part of HDGF plays a critical role in the secretion process. If this serine is replaced by alanine, the N-terminus is truncated, the intramolecular disulfide bridge is not formed and the protein is not secreted. In summary, these observations provide a model of how phosphorylation, a disulfide bridge and proteolytic cleavage are involved in HDGF secretion.
Physiology and pathophysiology of the RANKL/RANK system
Authors: Hanada Reiko , Hanada Toshikatsu , Penninger Josef M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe TNF family molecule RANKL and its receptor RANK are key regulators of bone remodeling, lymph node formation, and mammary gland development during pregnancy. RANKL and RANK are also expressed in the central nervous systems (CNS). However, the functional relevance of RANKL/RANK in the brain was entirely unknown. Recently, our group reported that the RANKL/RANK signaling pathway has an essential role in the central regulation of body temperature via the prostaglandin axis. This review discusses novel aspects of the RANKL/RANK system as key regulators of fever and female basal body temperature in the CNS.
Cross-sectional study of biomarkers of exposure and biological effect on monozygotic twins discordant for smoking
Authors: Andreoli Cristina , Gregg Evan O. , Puntoni Riccardo , Gobbi Valentina , Nunziata Alfredo , Bassi Antonella 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible correlation between smoking status and biomarkers of exposure (BoE) and biological effect (BoBE) in monozygotic twins discordant for smoking status (smoker and non-smoker pairs). By eliminating potential genetic variability in this manner, a clearer pattern of the effects of lifestyle and environmental exposures should become apparent.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on monozygotic healthy twins (44 subjects, 26 males and 18 females) with a mean age 31.5 years. BoE to cigarette smoke and BoBE were measured in body fluids (24 h urine and blood) after medical pre-screening.

Results: All BoE were significantly higher in the smoker twins. Among BoBE, 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11-dehydro TBX), 2,3-dinorthromboxane B2 (2,3-dinor TBX), 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epiPGF), hydroxyproline (OH-P), fibrinogen, white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil and lymphocyte counts and heart rate were statistically significantly increased in the smoker compared to the non-smoker twins. Moreover, statistically significant correlations between neutrophil count and 11-dehydro TBX (r=0.32), WBC and 8-epiPGF (r=0.33), OH-P and 8-epiPGF (r=0.49) and heart rate and fibrinogen (r=0.46) were observed.

Conclusions: The study results confirmed the reliability of the BoE for the evaluation of smoking status. Moreover, a subset of the BoBE, reported as being associated with inflammatory conditions and early stages of vascular disorders, has emerged as showing a consistent relationship with smoking status from the present and the previous studies. By using monozygotic twin pairs, genetic variability has been excluded as a possible source of variability in this study. These results should assist in the interpretation of other population studies using these biomarkers.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for benznidazole quantitation in plasma of patients with Chagas disease
Authors: Guerrero Laura , Pinazo Ma Jesús , Posada Elizabeth , Gascón Joaquim , Ribas Josep , Soy Dolors 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background: Chagas disease is endemic in Latin America, affecting 16–18 million people with more than 100 million exposed to risk of infection. Its etiological agent is Trypanosoma cruzi. To date, benznidazole is the only treatment of Chagas disease available in Europe.

Methods: A high-performance reversed-phase isocratic liquid chromatographic method for benznidazole analysis in human plasma is described. The mobile phase consists of 60% ultrafiltered water and 40% acetonitrile. Samples were precipitated with trichloroacetic acid (0.3 M) (1/1, v/v). The injection volume was 100 μL. Benzocaine was used as internal standard.

Results: The assay was linear over a benznidazole concentration range of 1.6–100 μg/mL. The method showed good agreement of results (n=15): inaccuracy (5.6%), intra- and inter-day variability (1.1% and 3.9%, respectively), recovery (94.9%), limit of detection (0.8 μg/mL), lower limit of quantitation (1.6 μg/mL) and acceptable stability over 24 h in the auto-sampler. Only 25 samples (58%) showed values within the therapeutic range. Three samples were subtherapeutic and 15 were in the toxic range.

Conclusions: The method offers a fast and simple approach to determining benznidazole in human plasma which could be of use in pharmacokinetic and safety studies.
Analytical validation of the Liaison Calcitonin_II-Gen (DiaSorin)
Authors: Cavalier Etienne , Carlisi Agnès , Bekaert Anne-Catherine , Rousselle Olivier , Chapelle Jean-Paul , Delanaye Pierre 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:We validated the DiaSorin Liaison Calcitonin_II-Gen, an improved method for calcitonin (CT) measurements, compared this method with the Cisbio_h-CT kit and established the reference range of CT in a normal adult population.Methods:We determined the precision, functional sensitivity, traceability to the 2nd IS 89/620, linearity and measurement uncertainty, accuracy profile and β-expectation limits. We evaluated the specificity, the susceptibility to human anti-animal antibodies (HAMA), hook-effect and carry over. To establish a reference range, we selected 267 adults without renal insufficiency presenting with normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (T4) and calcium concentrations and without anti-thyroglobulin antibodies as our “reference” healthy population. We compared the method with Cisbio on 250 consecutive and 45 samples from a post-pentagastrin stimulation test.Results:Precision (expressed as CV) was <10% for the measurement range, functional sensitivity: 5.3 ng/L and the method was found linear until to a 1/10 dilution. Uncertainty ranged from 25% to 7.2%, and the risk that one result falls out of the ±20% acceptance limits was <5% between 2.9 and 1513 ng/L. The Bland and Altman plot showed no systematic bias between the two methods. The test is still prone to HAMA influence, does not present any hook-effect, although carry over was observed. Ninety-five percent of our adult reference population showed CT concentrations <7.4 ng/L, with an important gender difference: 95% of the men showed CT values <9.8 ng/L, whereas 95% of women were <4.0 ng/L.Conclusions:The Liaison Calcitonin_II-Gen is an analytically robust method. The important difference in gender observed in our population might lead to re-evaluation of the generally used “10 ng/L” cut-off in a multicentre prospective study.
On the description of Leibniz superalgebras of nilindex
Authors: Camacho Luisa M. , Gómez Jose R. , Khudoyberdiyev Abror Kh. , Omirov Bakhrom A. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract.
In this work we investigate complex Leibniz superalgebras with
characteristic sequence and nilindex ,
where , n and m () are dimensions
of even and odd parts, respectively. Such superalgebras with
the condition were completely classified. In the present paper, we prove that in the case
the Leibniz superalgebras have nilindex less than
. Thus, we obtain the classification of Leibniz superalgebras
with characteristic sequence and nilindex
.
Presentations of graph braid groups
Authors: Farley Daniel , Sabalka Lucas 
Published: November 2010

Abstract.
Let be a graph. The (unlabeled) configuration space of n points on is the space of n-element subsets of . The n-strand braid group of , denoted , is the fundamental group of .

This paper applies the methods of discrete Morse theory to the spaces .
We describe how to compute presentations for , where n is an arbitrary natural number and is an arbitrary finite connected graph. Particular attention is paid to the case , and many examples are given.
On the vanishing of the lower K-theory of the holomorph of a free group on two generators
Authors: Metaftsis Vassilis , Prassidis Stratos 
Published: November 2010

Abstract.
We show that the holomorph of the free group on two generators satisfies the Farrell–Jones
Fibered Isomorphism Conjecture. As a consequence, we show that the lower K-theory of the above group vanishes.
Optischer inkrementaler Drehgeber in Low-Cost-Bauweise
Authors: Hopp David , Pruss Christof , Osten Wolfgang , Seybold Jonathan , Mayer Volker , Kück Heinz 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
Um der wachsenden Nachfrage nach hochauflösenden und dennoch kostengünstigen optischen Drehgebern gerecht zu werden, entstand die Idee, in optischen Drehgebern anstelle der typischerweise verwendeten Kodierscheibe aus Glas eine mikrostrukturierte Kunststoffscheibe ähnlich einer CD oder DVD einzusetzen. Diese kann auf einfache Weise in einem effizienten Spritzprägeprozess hergestellt werden. Damit wird es möglich, die hochgenaue Maßverkörperung mittels eines kostengünstigen Verfahrens in hohen Stückzahlen zu fertigen.
Lattice density effect on the negative refractive index of a uniaxial metamaterial
Authors: Amabile Claudio , Prati Enrico 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTNegative refractive index materials tuned at n = -1 are believed to realize perfect lensing of real and evanescent modes. Metamaterials are the natural candidates to realize negative refractive index by the inversion of the effective dielectric permittiviy and magnetic permeability. The effect of the density on the tuning in the proximity of n = -1 is studied in order to find viable solutions to the issue of discretization of the lattice which correspondingly produces steps in the electromagnetic parameters of metamaterials. We study the microwave frequency negative refractive index of a metamaterial as a function of the density of the lattice period. The negative refractive index is realized by means of a waveguide filled with a split ring resonator lattice, exploited below the cut off frequency of the waveguide. We discuss the pass-band behaviour and the collective effects on the negative refractive index.
Tunable Microwave Composites Containing Ferromagnetic Microwires
Authors: Ipatov Mihail , Panina Larissa , Aranda Gloria R. , Zhukova Valentina , Zhukov Arcady , Gonzalez Julian 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe effect of the external magnetic field on the dispersion of the effective permittivity in arrays of parallel CoFe-based amorphous wires is demonstrated by measuring S-parameters in free space in the frequency band of 0.9-17 GHz. The magnetic field is applied along the wires sensitively changing their magnetization and high frequency impedance. Based on the measurements of magneto-impedance in a single wire and transmission/reflection spectra of composites in free space, we show the correlation between magneto-impedance and the field dependence of the effective permittivity.
Self-Organized V - Mo Oxide Fibers by the Micro-Pulling Down Method
Authors: Klimm Detlef , Orlinski Krzysztof , Pawlak Dorota A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe V2O5-MoO3 mixtures offer a whole range of materials where properties can be adjusted by simple modification of experimental parameters, which may be utilized for manufacturing metamaterials with on-demand properties. The V2O5-MoO3 system contains an intermediate phase V9Mo6O40, with a small fraction of V4+ instead of V5+. Consequently, this system should rather be considered as pseudobinary. The V4+ content depends on the oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere. Thus, by changing the oxygen partial pressure one can tailor the electric properties of the system, and by changing the supercooling, the morphologic structure of crystallized bodies as well. For better understanding of this system differential thermal analysis and thermodynamic modeling was performed. Fibers of eutectic composition between V9Mo6O40 and MoO3 were grown by the micro-pulling-down technique. X-ray diffraction confirmed the existence of the V9Mo6O40 intermediate phase.
Parallel FDTD Simulations on Optical and Acoustic Metamaterials
Authors: Tsuruta Kenji , Nagai Shinji , Umeda Ryosuke , Kurose Tomoyuki , Maetani Noriaki 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTWe perform large-scale finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations with the aid of efficient parallel-computing algorithms for designing optical and acoustic metamaterials, where either electromagnetic or elastic constants in the materials are artificially modulated via nano/micro-structuring.For optical metamaterials, effects of nanostructure on dielectric properties are taken into account by introducing the Drude-Lorentz model and a hybrid quantum-mechanical/classical FDTD method for optical dispersion of simple metal particles. Using these computational methods, we assess the materials dependence of light-confinement efficiency in the recently proposed novel structure that combines dielectrics and metamaterials periodically.In the acoustic case, we perform the parallel FDTD simulations of elastic-wave propagations in 2D phononic crystals. The negative refraction of acoustic wave is shown to occur via a negative effective mass appeared in their phonon band-structures. We demonstrate that the focal intensity by the lens effect and its energy-transfer efficiency can be optimized by adapting the filling fraction of the crystal.
Unification of the Electronic Phase Diagrams of the RO1−xFxFeAs-Compounds by Using the Real Fluorine Content
Authors: Köhler A. , Behr G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMeasurements of the actual fluorine content x in the RO1−xFxFeAs-samples by wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDX) reveal sample dependent discrepancies to the nominal fluorine content (initial weight). In particular for SmO1−xFxFeAs, the measured value only reached approximately half of the required value. In the lanthanum compound LaO1−xFxFeAs, we found a good agreement mainly for x>0.05, but the fluorine hardly goes into the sample for x<0.05. We used the measured fluorine content when plotting the electronic phase diagrams again and find a more consistent picture occurs as well for our samples as for comparison with the divers published data.
Effects of a liquid carbon dopant on the superconducting properties of MgB2
Authors: Kim Hyo Jin. , Lee Bong Kun. , Kim Chan Joong. , Lee Kyu Mann. , Park Hai Woong. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractVarious types of chemical doping have been reported as very effective methods to improve the superconducting properties of MgB2 superconductor. Specially, carbon doping via liquid type of carbon-containing compounds have been shown better superconducting properties. In this work, the liquid type of glycerin (C3H8O3) was used as a carbon dopant in MgB2 synthesis. The glycerin was mixed with a liquid media at a different ratio and then pretreated with refined boron powder. Then carbon doped MgB2 superconductor was synthesized through subsequent heat treatment of the pretreated boron powder with magnesium powder. Variation of the amount of carbon dopants and viscosity of the liquid media was correlated with critical current densities and other superconducting properties of MgB2 bulk. The effects of liquid carbon dopants on the superconducting properties also compared with those of solid dopants.
Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanofibers Fabricated by Electrospinning and Their Optical Properties
Authors: Chuangchote Surawut , Fujita Michiyasu , Sagawa Takashi , Yoshikawa Susumu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBeaded fibers and/or uniform, smooth-surface fibers of conductive polymers with the average diameters ranging in nanometers to sub-micrometers were fabricated by electrospinning of a mixture of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in a mixed solvent of chlorobenzene and methanol. After the removal of PVP from as-spun fibers by Soxhlet extraction, pure P3HT fibers were obtained as a spindle-like with groove-like morphological appearance which may be widely applicable for some specific applications, such as photovoltaic cells, thin film transistors, and light emitting diodes. Optical properties, including UV absorption and photoluminescence (PL) of fibers were investigated. As-spun fibers showed relatively higher conjugation length and different chain distribution, in comparison with the cast film.