bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breaking the mirror symmetry of photonic spin-orbit interaction using a geometrically symmetric chiral resonator
Authors: Chen Pei-Gang , Lo Tsz Wing , Lei Dangyuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The symmetries of photonic spin-orbit interaction (PSOI) at waveguide interfaces provide flexible modulation capability but limit their practical implementation due to the stringent requirements of excitation conditions. This limitation can be mitigated by intentionally breaking local symmetries, offering a novel platform for achieving directional coupling and optical isolation with PSOI-based interfaces. For example, breaking the inversion symmetry of a nanofiber PSOI interface using a nanosphere scatterer reduces the required accuracy in the size and position of excitation spots. This study introduces a novel approach to break the mirror symmetry of a PSOI-based nanofiber waveguide by coupling it with a geometrically symmetric chiral gold nanohelicoid (GNH) resonator, which relaxes the original requirement of circularly polarized excitations. Finite-difference time-domain simulations demonstrate unidirectional light coupling and propagation under both circularly and linearly polarized excitations, showcasing the versatility of this hybrid symmetry-broken system. The Fano-like features observed in directionality spectra align with the GNH’s circular dichroism spectrum, emphasizing an intricate correlation between plasmonic near-field chirality and far-field scattering dichroism. This work paves the way for enhancing the functionalities of PSOI-based waveguide interfaces through locally coupling them with nanoscale chiral resonators, thereby expanding their application in quantum photonics, information transport and plasmonic nanophotonics.
Phase retrieval in inverse ghost diffraction using Sagnac interferometer
Authors: Gautam Akanksha , Chandra Sourav , Singh Rakesh Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ghost diffraction (GD) involves the use of non-local spatial correlations to image objects with light, which has not interacted with them. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a new technique for first-order correlation measurement and retrieval of two-dimensional phase objects in the GD from inversion of the experimentally measured two-point complex correlation function in a first order interferometer. The GD scheme is experimentally implemented by a specially designed experimental setup wherein one of the orthogonal polarization components of the transversely polarized light interacts with the object and the other polarization component of the light remains intact and directly reaches the detector. The Fourier spectrum of the object is encoded into the two-point spatial correlation of these two orthogonal polarization components which is experimentally detected in an interferometer with a radial shearing in the Sagnac geometry. We experimentally demonstrated imaging of spatially varying phase objects and results are presented for three different cases.
Husserl’s Normative Account of Perception
Authors: Doyon Maxime 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to present the phenomenological notion of perceptual norms at work in the philosophy of Edmund Husserl. After having shown how his conception of intentionality departs from Brentano’s, the chapter zeroes in on his accounts of perception, illusion, and hallucination, and demonstrates the central role of coherence (Section 1.1) and optimality (Section 1.2), which are the two basic perceptual norms Husserl works with, in his phenomenological descriptions of these phenomena. The main argument of the chapter is that perception is best understood as conforming to norms of regular perceptual experiencing, whereas illusions and hallucinations are conceived as experiences of deviation therefrom (Section 1.3). Independently of the metaphysical implications one can draw from these claims (Section 1.4), the chapter argues that concordance and optimality have a constitutive function in Husserl’s framework: they constitute what perceptions, illusions, and hallucinations are.
Bodily Self-Awareness and Agency
Authors: Doyon Maxime 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The idea that our perceptual openness to the world is normative can mean different things. In the Kantian tradition, it is tied to epistemic justification—to our readiness to provide reasons for our actions and our beliefs. In the phenomenological tradition of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty, the notion of norm-responsiveness relevant to perceptual experience has more to do with perception’s capacity to guide action or elicit certain behaviours. While both camps agree on the connection between perceptual consciousness and self-consciousness, there is disagreement about the nature of this relation. At stake are two conceptions of intentionality: the first is understood as a cognitive disposition that concerns our conceptual capacity to represent what there is; the second is bodily informed and includes the set of motor activities relevant for orienting and guiding perception. This chapter argues that the phenomenological model provides the best alternative to account for the normative character of perception.
Perceiving Others
Authors: Doyon Maxime 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
If empathy is a sui generis form of perceptual intentionality, one may wonder whether empathic acts are governed by norms and have a sui generis character as well. This chapter answers this question positively and identifies the norms that are at play in our empathic understanding of others. Since empathy involves embodied, affective, and cognitive processes that yield different forms of understanding of others, the chapter distinguishes between basic empathy and various higher-level forms of social understanding. Drawing in the work of Husserl, Stein, and Merleau-Ponty, it suggests that different sets of norms come into play in every such form of experience. While considering arguments recently put forward by critical phenomenology, the chapter then argues that the norms identified by classical phenomenologists, which constitutively belong to the perceptual processes of empathy, should not be confused with the impact that social, historical, and cultural norms have on our experience of others.
Propagandists of the Book
Authors: Feitoza Pedro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This book examines the intricacies of the early history of Brazilian Protestantism through an in-depth analysis of the production and circulation of evangelical texts. It looks at a wide array of periodicals, tracts, books, and Bibles and contextualizes their ideas, trajectories, the agents who circulated them, and the practices that emerged in their wake. Foreign missionaries, itinerant booksellers, and evangelists devoted energy and resources to set texts in motion. This monograph considers their aspirations, experiences, and ordeals, and their role in bringing this new religious universe into being. Through the pages of such texts, evangelical ministers and writers projected themselves and their religious communities into the public debates of their era. The book takes the intellectual dynamic of this history into account. Its chapters examine how foreign missionaries and the local religious experts navigated between multiple conceptual and ideological landscapes and translated Protestant ideas and theology to the Brazilian public, while simultaneously channeling them into religious and sociopolitical arguments. Some texts, such as missionary correspondence, conversion narratives, and autobiographies shed light on the social and religious configurations of the earliest evangelical communities. Through a detailed exploration of these texts, the book reconstructs the religious imagination of the first generations of Brazilian Protestants and the cultural transformations involved in conversion experiences. The book has an overarching narrative that starts with the formation of the first Protestant communities in the mid-nineteenth century and closes with an examination of the rise of a Brazilian evangelical intelligentsia in the twentieth century.
Bibles and Tracts in Motion
Authors: Feitoza Pedro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter is a case study of the operations of two London-based evangelical publishers in Brazil between 1870 and 1900: the British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS) and the Religious Tract Society (RTS). The chapter concentrates on the experiences of itinerant booksellers called colporteurs. They circulated an impressive number of Bibles and evangelical tracts throughout the country that far outnumbered the sales of Brazil’s best-selling authors. The chapter explores the interactions of colporteurs with customers, their encounters with Catholic priests and believers, and the reading practices that emerged out of the circulation of Christian texts. It also examines the rise of a Lusophone evangelical public sphere by tracing the flow of texts, people, and ideas throughout the transatlantic conduits of the BFBS and the RTS in Brazil, Portugal, Madeira, and Britain.
Conclusion
Authors: Feitoza Pedro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This conclusion recovers some of the central discussions of the previous chapters and relates them to studies of the worldwide diffusion of evangelical Christianity and to the religious transformations of modern Brazil. It begins by examining how interactions and conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the country energized both sides of the religious divide and generated new forms of religious mobilization. It also depicts converts, ministers, and missionaries as innovators in the religious and cultural life of Brazil, looking at the religious communities they engineered and the effects of the Protestant cultivation of literacy. Finally, the conclusion considers how the first generations of Brazilian evangelicals domesticated the symbols and practices of Protestantism and located the new religion into Brazilian culture and history.
The Moon Agreement—A Swan Song
Authors: Hanlon Michelle LD 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We will soon be able to extract and use resources found beyond national jurisdiction—and beyond the bounds of our Earth. Multiple States and private companies are considering the use of the natural resources on the Moon and other celestial bodies in situ, to support space activities and even an entire space-based economy. Further in the future, some even consider bringing these resources back to Earth to supplement our waning terrestrial resources. Yet no formal agreement has been achieved regarding the characterization of those resources or how extraction and use thereof should or might be regulated. The Moon Agreement was negotiated over a decade, from 1969 to 1979, and while an agreement was concluded by consensus and unanimously approved by the United Nations, it has to date garnered only 18 ratifications. A review and analysis of the Moon Agreement, including its historical context and its current profile, offer both a cautionary tale and valuable guidance to inform a governance framework for space resource utilization activities. Ultimately, the question of how to characterize space resources remains unanswered because, as we shall see, the Moon Agreement proved that the answer cannot be imposed but must be permitted to evolve. Nevertheless, a review of the Agreement is important both as a cautionary tale and an interpretive tool.
Moon Agreement: Key Provisions
Authors: Tronchetti Fabio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Moon Agreement is the least successful international space treaty with only 17 States being Party to it, not including any of the space-faring ones. Despite its limited number of ratifications, the Moon Agreement maintains its legal relevance, especially in consideration of the present interest towards setting up principles governing space resource utilization activities. There are at least three elements that render the Moon Agreement relevant in this context. First, it is the only international treaty that contains rules dedicated to the conduct of human activities on a celestial body, including the utilization of resources for scientific and non-scientific purposes. Secondly, it is worth assessing how the multilateral approach endorsed by the Agreement may (or may not) coexist with the numerous domestic and regional legal initiatives that States have taken in the area of space resource utilization. Thirdly, one has to investigate the role that the States Parties to the Agreement are playing (and will play) in the process of formation of a potential framework governing lunar and other celestial bodies’ activities within the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, particularly by assessing whether these countries are effectively promoting the Agreement’s provisions or are taking a more cautious approach.
Soft Laws Relating to Space Activities
Authors: Zhao Yun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In light of the difficulties in reaching binding legal documents with increasingly diversified space interests, soft laws have been taking up more and more important roles in the regulation of space activities in recent years. The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolutions are a major type of soft law instrument. With the ongoing space commercialization and privatization, UNGA resolutions have filled in the legal vacuum by providing important guidance on legal issues related to specific space activities. The United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS) has also played a vital role by issuing guidelines regarding such issues as space debris mitigation and space sustainability. Outside the United Nations (UN) forum, various entities have also been active in the field. The increasing use of soft laws for various existing and emerging space activities is an important way to build consensus on relevant legal issues.
Role of the International Telecommunication Union in Regulating Space Activities
Authors: Brobst Jennifer A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses the legal framework and role of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), with respect to governmental and commercial activities in space. The ITU is a large, specialised agency of the United Nations with 193 member states and hundreds of other private sector members and associates. ITU regulation involves a licensing and planning scheme for allocation of radio wave frequencies and satellite launch, but also intersects with key legal concerns that do not inherently involve orbital or outer space, such as national security export controls and equitable access to telecommunications for developing nations. As the number of satellites in orbit increases and the commercial satellite industry takes hold, legal challenges arise in how to address satellite congestion and debris hazards, rational competition for launch of new satellites, licensure of higher spectrum levels, the militarisation of space, and ongoing questions of sovereignty relating to resource exploitation and common heritage rights.
International Secured Transactions Law in Outer Space
Authors: Hameed Hamza 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter will examine the application of international private law-related instruments to the space sector, with a focus on international commercial law and secured transactions law. The chapter will pay special attention to the Space Protocol of the Cape Town Convention, which is an international secured transactions law treaty for the space sector, adopted at a Diplomatic Conference in 2012 under the auspices of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT). As private investment in the space sector grows, alongside the development of innovative technologies such as on-orbit servicing, in-space manufacturing, and software-deployed satellites, the importance of security rights in space assets increases and more deals are concluded with traditional creditor-debtor-type arrangements. This chapter will highlight how these types of arrangements would operate in outer space and the remedies available to creditors in cases of insolvency of a debtor. In examining the Space Protocol, the chapter will also highlight its potential benefits for NewSpace, as well as the safeguards included in the Treaty, keeping in mind the nature of the space industry. The chapter will conclude with an assessment of where the space financing industry presently stands in terms of the financing models being used, the areas it is likely to expand into, and how secured transactions law could become an important part of this.
International Norms on the Settlement of Space Disputes
Authors: Sundahl Mark J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Due to the rapid expansion of the space economy, a surge in the number of space-related disputes is inevitable. These disputes will take a variety of forms arising from, for example, the violation of international treaties, the breach of contracts, satellite collisions, operational interference, or injury to space tourists. In each case, the appropriate method for resolving the dispute must be carefully selected to accommodate the special nature of the dispute. In some cases, litigation before the International Court of Justice will be the appropriate venue, while informal negotiation or arbitration may be best suited for other disputes. The factors that affect this choice will include, among other things, the identity of the parties, whether the matter is international in nature, and whether the parties have a contractual relationship. This chapter explains the dispute resolution options available to the space industry and provides guidance when practitioners must choose among them.
Women as Signs
Authors: Marchesi Ilaria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The chapter provides several examples of normative treatments of what women are or are supposed to be, extracted from Martial’s poetry and chronologically neighboring cultural contexts. A compact front emerges, in which woman is treated as signifier of male identity. The role is, however, highly problematic: since a woman’s social task is the representation of the father and reproduction of the husband, she is at once valued for her stability and for her mutability. Pliny’s letter about the virtues of his wife Calpurnia is juxtaposed with an epigram Martial dedicates to his patron Regulus about the signs of brilliancy displayed by his young son. Deep strategic oppositions mark these texts, but both appear similarly engaged in constructing a paradigm of motherhood as semantic neutrality, while simultaneously haunted by the ambiguities and tensions associated with the maternal imprint.
A Typology of Martial’s Women
Authors: Marchesi Ilaria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The chapter consists of a systematic set of contrasting comparisons between Martial’s positive and negative portrayals of women. Martial presents a select few women as models of behavior: Argentaria Polla, Lucan’s widow; the poetess Sulpicia; and Claudia Rufina, the wife of a prominent Roman citizen. As portraits of stable, subservient, and docile signifiers, the poems in which these women appear illuminate the varied phenomenology of negative characters paraded in the Epigrams: women who oppose their social and cultural definition, impose identity on their male counterparts, and strategically pose as something they are not—the resisting Bassa, who claims for herself the lexically masculine term fututor; the dominating Naevia, whose name has taken over her lover’s mind, language, and writing; and the shifting Laevina, who leaves for Baiae a model of chastity, a Penelope, only to come back a champion of debauchery, a Helen.
A Way Forward
Authors: Marchesi Ilaria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Epilogue introduces possible avenues for future inquiry into Martial’s corpus of epigrammatic poetry. It points, in particular to patronage, in its unstable relation with the assumption of symbolic reciprocity; the mechanisms of inheritance and captatio, its looming negative counterpart; Saturnalian freedom, a potential challenge to the semiotic boundaries of the Roman enslavement system; the highly formalized protocols of dining, an activity which invests food with meaning at a most basic level; the socially appropriate care for clothing style, scent, and teeth—all movable and mutable signs of one’s own public identity. These are material and symbolic phenomena which Martial treats in the Epigrams and that may be subjected to semiotic readings of the kind proposed in the book.
No Peace Without Punishment? Reintegrating Islamic State “Collaborators” in Iraq
Authors: Revkin Mara R , Kao Kristen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
How does variation in the severity of punishment affect public opinion toward the reintegration of former enemy “collaborators” after war? We study this question in the context of Iraq where the Islamic State, an armed rebel group, captured and governed a population of more than five million Iraqi citizens between 2014 and 2017. Building upon extensive fieldwork and interviews in Iraq, we designed a survey experiment that randomly varied the severity of sentences in hypothetical scenarios of civilians who supported the Islamic State in non-violent roles (e.g., cleaners, cooks, and wives of fighters). The experiment allows us to estimate the causal effects of punishment on attitudes toward reintegration. We find that a long prison sentence (fifteen years) does not increase the likelihood of participants’ willingness to allow the reintegration of former collaborators; instead, a noncarceral punishment (community service) has a small but statistically significant positive effect. Our most striking findings show that noncarceral and community-based justice mechanisms can significantly increase the likelihood of successful reintegration after punishment. Fifteen percent of respondents who were initially opposed to the return of former collaborators into their communities said that they would be willing to change their judgment and support reintegration if they were asked to do so by a tribal or religious leader, or if the offender completes a noncarceral rehabilitation program. These findings suggest that noncarceral, restorative, and community-based justice mechanisms may be equally or potentially more effective than long-term incarceration for achieving the objectives of rehabilitation and eventual reintegration of former nonviolent offenders. This Article advances the field of comparative empirical legal scholarship by providing an innovative experimental research design that can be replicated by scholars studying other contexts to help answer important questions about the causal effects of criminal justice policies.
Domestic sexual abuse in early Christianity: conflations of violence and desire in the Acts of John
Authors: Crabbe Kylie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
‘Either I’ll have you as a wife, as I had you before, or you must die!’ So Andronicus yells at Drusiana, having locked her in a tomb for refusing to have sex with him, in the second-century Acts of John. Drusiana’s domestic setting houses a nested story of violence. Her husband’s abuse parallels that of a rival assailant, Callimachus, who in turn also involves Andronicus’ steward in his violent planning. After a brief overview of the passage, and consideration of its genre alongside other Greek novels and its use of comedy, this paper analyzes the domestic setting’s violence through the portraits of these three male characters and Drusiana. The article suggests that intersectional dynamics support the text’s rehabilitation of the elite male characters and denunciation of the ‘unchangeable’ steward, with implications also for understanding broader attitudes about marriage and sexual abuse in antiquity. In keeping with other portraits of sexual desire and violence elsewhere in the Acts of John, it argues that the text conflates violence and desire in the interest of championing celibacy, which is idealized in a mixed message about the one named female character in this passage, Drusiana.