bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of water hardness and sulfate on the acute toxicity of chloride to sensitive freshwater invertebrates
Authors: Soucek David J , Linton Tyler K , Tarr Christopher D , Dickinson Amy , Wickramanayake Nilesh , Delos Charles G , Cruz Luis A 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Total dissolved solids (TDS) represent the sum of all common ions (e.g., Na, K, Ca, Mg, chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate) in freshwater. Currently, no federal water quality criteria exist for the protection of aquatic life for TDS, but because the constituents that constitute TDS are variable, the development of aquatic life criteria for specific ions is more practical than development of aquatic life criteria for TDS. Chloride is one such ion for which aquatic life criteria exist; however, the current aquatic life criteria dataset for chloride is more than 20 years old. Therefore, additional toxicity tests were conducted in the current study to confirm the acute toxicity of chloride to several potentially sensitive invertebrates: water flea (Ceriodaphnia dubia), fingernail clams (Sphaerium simile and Musculium transversum), snail (Gyraulus parvus), and worm (Tubifex tubifex), and determine the extent to which hardness and sulfate modify chloride toxicity. The results indicated a significant ameliorating effect of water hardness (calcium and magnesium) on chloride toxicity for all species tested except the snail; for example, the 48-h chloride median lethal concentration (LC50) for C. dubia at 50 mg/L hardness (977 mg Cl−/L) was half that at 800 mg/L hardness (1,836 mg Cl−/L). Conversely, sulfate over the range of 25 to 600 mg/L exerted a negligible effect on chloride toxicity to C. dubia. Rank order of LC50 values for chloride at a given water hardness was in the order (lowest to highest): S. simile &lt; C. dubia &lt; M. transversum &lt; G. parvus &lt; T. tubifex. Results of the current study support the contention that the specific conductivity or TDS concentration of a water body alone is not a sufficient predictor of acute toxicity and that knowledge of the specific ion composition is critical. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:930–938. © 2010 SETAC
An egg injection technique to evaluate the effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on the hatching success of the snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina)
Authors: Schnars Jeanette L , Voss Margaret A , Stauffer Jay R 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEmbryos of oviparous organisms are exposed to contaminants by two pathways: contaminant uptake from the surrounding environment, and the transfer from female to offspring (maternal transfer). The initial source of contaminant exposure for most embryos is likely to be maternal transfer; therefore, maternal transfer studies are critical in determining the effects of contaminants on future populations. Injection of contaminants directly into eggs is one route of experimental contaminant exposure that permits controlled doses and potential reliable replication. This technique, however, has been used in the past with little success in reptiles. The objective of the present study was to evaluate egg injection as a means of mimicking maternal transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to snapping turtle eggs. Eggs from several clutches were injected with a PCB solution and incubated at several temperatures and moisture levels to measure interactive effects of injection, environmental condition, and contaminant load on hatching success. The injection technique allowed for application of consistent and specific doses among replicates. Overall hatching success in this study was 61% and was as high as 71% within specific treatments. Hatching success was much higher in this study than in other studies using egg injections to mimic maternal transfer in chelonians and crocodilians. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:915–919. © 2010 SETAC
Long memory and structural breaks in commodity futures markets
Authors: Coakley Jerry , Dollery Jian , Kellard Neil 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study employs daily data for 14 commodities and three financial assets 1990–2009 to explore the impact of the time series properties of the futures‐spot basis and the cost of carry on forward market unbiasedness. The main result is that the basis of 16 assets exhibits both long memory and structural breaks. The long memory in the basis is robust even to the use of break‐adjusted data. It implies that the cost‐of‐carry has long memory which the empirical results confirm using the interest cost as a proxy. These new findings suggest that the forecast error has long memory and are inconsistent with unbiasedness. They could be consistent with a weaker version of market efficiency in the presence of a fractionally integrated, time‐varying risk premium but they could also be rationalized by priced noise trader risk with limits to arbitrage in less than fully efficient markets. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
Willingness‐to‐pay for predictive tests with no immediate treatment implications: a survey of US residents
Authors: Neumann Peter J. , Cohen Joshua T. , Hammitt James K. , Concannon Thomas W. , Auerbach Hannah R. , Fang ChiHui , Kent David M. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYWe assessed how much, if anything, people would pay for a laboratory test that predicted their future disease status. A questionnaire was administered via an internet‐based survey to a random sample of adult US respondents. Each respondent answered questions about two different scenarios, each of which specified: one of four randomly selected diseases (Alzheimer's, arthritis, breast cancer, or prostate cancer); an ex ante risk of developing the disease (randomly designated 10 or 25%); and test accuracy (randomly designated perfect or ‘not perfectly accurate’). Willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) was elicited with a double‐bounded, dichotomous‐choice approach. Of 1463 respondents who completed the survey, most (70‐88%, depending on the scenario) were inclined to take the test. Inclination to take the test was lower for Alzheimer's and higher for prostate cancer compared with arthritis, and rose somewhat with disease prevalence and for the perfect versus imperfect test [Correction made here after initial online publication.]. Median WTP varied from $109 for the imperfect arthritis test to $263 for the perfect prostate cancer test. Respondents' preferences for predictive testing, even in the absence of direct treatment consequences, reflected health and non‐health related factors, and suggests that conventional cost‐effectiveness analyses may underestimate the value of testing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adipofascial perforator flaps for “aesthetic” head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Hanasono Matthew M. , Skoracki Roman J. , Silva Amanda K. , Yu Peirong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundMost head and neck reconstructions are performed for wound closure or functional rehabilitation with aesthetic restoration being an important but secondary consideration.MethodsContour deformities in 40 patients undergoing head and neck resections were reconstructed immediately with adipofascial perforator flaps, including 37 anterolateral thigh and 3 deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps.ResultsReconstructions could be grouped into 1 of 3 defect areas: temporal fossa (n = 3), malar cheek (n = 13), and parotid‐mastoid (n = 24). The mean time needed for reconstruction in excess of the oncologic resection was 3.1 hours. There were no flap losses. In no case did a complication delay adjuvant therapy and no patient experienced a decrease in level of activity related to donor site morbidity.ConclusionImmediate restoration of facial contour with adipofascial perforator flaps is warranted in head and neck oncologic patients to help improve self‐image and maintain quality of life. Head Neck, 2010
Association of p16INK4a overexpression with improved outcomes in young patients with squamous cell cancers of the oral tongue
Authors: Harris Stephen L. , Thorne Leigh B. , Seaman William T. , Neil Hayes D. , Couch Marion E. , Kimple Randall J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine biomolecular profiles in a cohort of young adults with squamous cell cancers (SCCs) of the oral tongue.MethodsWe identified all patients aged 18 to 39 years diagnosed with SCC of the oral tongue at our institution. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed for p16INK4a, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphorylated‐EGFR (pEGFR), p53, and ERCC1. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing was performed using in situ hybridization (ISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Biomarker expression and HPV status were correlated with outcomes.ResultsWe identified 25 patients with sufficient tumor samples. Median age at diagnosis was 30 years (range, 20–39 years). p16INK4a overexpression was observed in 11 of 25 patients, whereas HPV‐16 positivity was observed in none of the tumor samples by ISH and 2 of the tumor samples by PCR. p16INK4a positivity was correlated with improved relapse‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.23, p = .01) and overall survival (HR = 0.28, p = .05). Neither EGFR, pEGFR, p53, nor excision repair cross‐complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 1 (ERCC1) expression correlated with outcome on univariate analysis.Conclusionsp16INK4a overexpression was common and was a marker of favorable prognosis. p16INK4a overexpression was not a reliable predictor of HPV positivity in our cohort. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Precipitation measurement and derivation of precipitation inclination in a windy mountainous area in northern Costa Rica
Authors: Frumau K. F. Arnoud , Bruijnzeel L. A. (Sampurno) , Tobón Conrado 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOver small‐scale topography in windy areas, precipitation tends to be redistributed by wind through the modification of precipitation inclination. The latter is often derived from wind speed and conventional rain gauge records by application of relations—derived mainly for convective rainfall conditions—between (1) precipitation intensity and drop diameter, and (2) drop diameter and terminal fall velocity. However, it remains to be seen whether such relationships give valid results for the typically low precipitation intensities prevailing in tropical montane cloud forests. On the basis of the assumption that the total amount of near‐surface atmospheric liquid water, defined hereafter as the ‘potential precipitation’, is most likely to be identical over small distances, this paper introduces a device to measure amounts of potential precipitation. The gauge captures both the vertical and horizontal component of precipitation, and this allows derivation of precipitation inclination using simple trigonometry. Results on precipitation inclinations obtained with the ‘potential precipitation gauge’ on a wet and windy site in northern Costa Rica suggest the droplets to be smaller than those predicted by the commonly used relationships referred to above. The current gauge is also shown to be more effective in catching inclined precipitation than two different types of spherical gauges. In addition, ‘effective’ fall velocities were determined for each precipitation event using derivated precipitation inclination and wind speed. The assumption of spatially similar potential precipitation amounts and effective fall velocities throughout a small catchment allows the catchment‐wide determination of precipitation inclination and therefore of hydrologically effective precipitation from a single‐point measurement of potential precipitation and wind speed in combination with modelled spatial wind speed pattern. This approach is believed to yield appreciably better estimates of spatial precipitation inputs compared to reliance on conventional rain gauges and derivation of terminal fall velocities from precipitation intensity records. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐scale modelling of channel flow and floodplain inundation dynamics and its application to the Pantanal (Brazil)
Authors: Paz Adriano Rolim da , Collischonn Walter , Tucci Carlos E. M. , Padovani Carlos R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFor large‐scale sites, difficulties for applying coupled one‐dimensional (1D)/2D models for simulating floodplain inundation may be encountered related to data scarcity, complexity for establishing channel–floodplain connections, computational cost, long duration of floods and the need to represent precipitation and evapotranspiration processes. This paper presents a hydrologic simulation system, named SIRIPLAN, developed to accomplish this aim. This system is composed by a 1D hydrodynamic model coupled to a 2D raster‐based model, and by two modules to compute the vertical water balance over floodplain and the water exchanges between channel and floodplain. Results are presented for the Upper Paraguay River Basin (UPRB), including the Pantanal, one of the world's largest wetlands. A total of 3965 km of river channels and 140 000 km2 of floodplains are simulated for a period of 11 years. Comparison of observed and calculated hydrographs at 15 gauging stations showed that the model was capable to simulate distinct, complex flow regimes along main channels, including channel‐floodplain interactions. The proposed system was also able to reproduce the Pantanal seasonal flood pulse, with estimated inundated areas ranging from 35 000 km2 (dry period) to more than 120 000 km2 (wet period). Floodplain inundation maps obtained with SIRIPLAN were consistent with previous knowledge of Pantanal dynamics, but comparison with inundation extent provided by a previous satellite‐based study indicates that permanently flooded areas may have been underestimated. The results obtained are promising, and further work will focus on improving vertical processes representation over floodplains and analysing model sensitivity to floodplain parameters, time step and precipitation estimates uncertainty. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HFE polymorphisms influence the response to chemotherapeutic agents via induction of p16INK4A
Authors: Lee Sang Y. , Liu Siying , Mitchell Ryan M. , Slagle‐Webb Becky , Hong Young‐Soo , Sheehan Jonas M. , Connor James R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHFE is a protein that impacts cellular iron uptake. HFE gene variants are identified as risk factors or modifiers for multiple diseases. Using HFE stably transfected human neuroblastoma cells, we found that cells carrying the C282Y HFE variant do not differentiate when exposed to retinoic acid. Therefore, we hypothesized HFE variants would impact response to therapeutic agents. Both the human neuroblastoma and glioma cells that express the C282Y HFE variant are resistant to Temodar, geldanamycin and γ‐radiation. A gene array analysis revealed that p16INK4A (p16) expression was increased in association with C282Y expression. Decreasing p16 protein by siRNA resulted in increased vulnerability to all of the therapeutic agents suggesting that p16 is responsible for the resistance. Decreasing HFE expression by siRNA resulted in a 85% decrease in p16 expression in the neuroblastoma cells but not the astrocytoma cells. These data suggest a potential direct relationship between HFE and p16 that may be cell specific or mediated by different pathways in the different cell types. In conclusion, the C282Y HFE variant impacts the vulnerability of cancer cells to current treatment strategies apparently by increasing expression of p16. Although best known as a tumor suppressor, there are multiple reports that p16 is elevated in some forms of cancer. Given the frequency of the HFE gene variants, as high as 10% of the Caucasian population, these data provide compelling evidence that the C282Y HFE variant should be part of a pharmacogenetic strategy for evaluating treatment efficacy in cancer cells.
HPV involvement in tonsillar cancer: Prognostic significance and clinically relevant markers
Authors: Rotnáglová Eliška , Tachezy Ruth , Saláková Martina , Procházka Bohumír , Košl'abová Eva , Veselá Eva , Ludvíková Viera , Hamšíková Eva , Klozar Jan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe association of high‐risk human papillomaviruses (HR HPVs) with tonsillar cancer (TC) has been documented. Because patients with HPV‐associated tumors show better survival rates, modification of their treatment regimen is being considered. It is therefore crucial to find markers for the identification of patients whose tumors are linked to viral infection. A cohort of 109 patients with primary TC was screened for HPV DNA presence in the tumor tissues and HPV‐specific antibodies in sera. Data regarding risk factors and clinical parameters were collected. Forty‐five specimens were analyzed for the expression of viral E6 and E2‐region mRNA, and the p16 and p53 protein expression status was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The overall prevalence of HPV DNA in TC tissues was 65.1%. Ninety‐three percent of HR HPV DNA‐positive samples expressed E6*I mRNA. E2‐region mRNA expression was detected in 36% of positive samples, which implies that the virus is integrated in 64% of HPV DNA/RNA‐positive tumors. p16 overexpression and the presence of antibodies specific to HPV16 E6/E7 oncoproteins correlated well with HPV DNA and RNA presence. The disease‐specific survival rate of patients with HPV DNA‐positive tumors was significantly higher than that of HPV DNA‐negative patients. In addition to providing further evidence of the involvement of HPV infection in the etiopathogenesis of a proportion of TC cases, our study demonstrates that p16 immunostaining and anti‐E6/E7 antibodies as surrogate markers of HPV involvement represent specific, sensitive and clinically accessible assays for the identification of TC patients who have a considerably better prognosis.
Combined CADM1 and MAL promoter methylation analysis to detect (pre‐)malignant cervical lesions in high‐risk HPV‐positive women
Authors: Overmeer Renée M. , Louwers Jacqueline A. , Meijer Chris J.L.M. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Hesselink Albertus T. , Daalmeijer Nathalie Fransen , Wilting Saskia M. , Heideman Daniëlle A.M. , Verheijen René H.M. , Zaal Afra , Marchien van Baal W. , Berkhof Johannes , Snijders Peter J.F. , Steenbergen Renske D.M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGiven the lower specificity for high‐grade cervical lesions of high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing compared to cytology, additional triage testing for hrHPV test‐positive women is needed to detect high‐grade cervical lesions. Here, we tested whether combined methylation analysis for cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) and T‐lymphocyte maturation associated protein (MAL), both functionally involved in cervical carcinogenesis, could serve as such a triage marker. Four quantitative methylation‐specific PCRs (qMSP), two for CADM1 (regions M12 and M18) and MAL (regions M1 and M2) each, were applied to 261 cervical tissue specimens ranging from no neoplasia to carcinoma. When qMSPs were combined and positivity for at least one of the qMSPs in the combination was taken into account, the highest positivity rates for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) lesions (97%) and squamous cell‐ and adeno‐carcinomas (99%) were obtained by combining a single CADM1 marker with a single MAL marker. Subsequent qMSP analysis of 70 GP5+/6+‐PCR hrHPV‐positive scrapings revealed that a two‐marker panel consisting of CADM1‐M18 and MAL‐M1 was most discriminative, detecting 90% of women with CIN3 (n = 30), whereas it showed a positive result in only 13.5% of women without cervical disease (n = 40). Finally, we applied hrHPV GP5+/6+‐PCR testing followed by CADM1‐M18/MAL‐M1 methylation analysis to a cohort of 79 women visiting the outpatient colposcopy clinic. hrHPV testing revealed a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 33% for CIN3+. Additional CADM1‐M18/MAL‐M1 methylation analysis on the hrHPV‐positive women increased the specificity to 78% with a sensitivity of 70%. In conclusion, the methylation marker panel CADM1‐M18 and MAL‐M1 may serve as an alternative molecular triage tool for hrHPV‐positive women.
Polymorphonuclear granulocytes in human head and neck cancer: Enhanced inflammatory activity, modulation by cancer cells and expansion in advanced disease
Authors: Trellakis Sokratis , Bruderek Kirsten , Dumitru Claudia A. , Gholaman Hossein , Gu Xiang , Bankfalvi Agnes , Scherag André , Hütte Jan , Dominas Nina , Lehnerdt Götz F. , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Lang Stephan , Brandau Sven 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe progression of epithelial cancer is associated with an intense immunological interaction between the tumor cells and immune cells of the host. However, little is known about the interaction between tumor cells and polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In our study, we investigated systemic PMN‐related alterations in HNSCC, the role of tumor‐infiltrating PMNs and their modulation by the tumor microenvironment. We assessed the infiltration of HNSCC tissue by PMNs (retrospectively) and systemic PMN‐related alterations in blood values (prospectively) in HNSCC patients (n = 99 and 114, respectively) and control subjects (n = 41). PMN recruitment, apoptosis and inflammatory activity were investigated in an in vitro system of peripheral blood PMNs and a human HNSCC cell line (FaDu). HNSCC tissue exhibited considerable infiltration by PMNs, and strong infiltration was associated with poorer survival in advanced disease. PMN count, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and serum concentrations of CXCL8 (interleukin‐8), CCL4 (MIP‐1β) and CCL5 (RANTES) were significantly higher in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients than in that of controls. In vitro, HNSCC‐conditioned medium inhibited apoptosis of PMNs, increased chemokinesis and chemotaxis of PMNs, induced release of lactoferrin and matrix metalloproteinase 9 by PMNs and enhanced the secretion of CCL4 by PMN. Our findings demonstrate alterations in PMN biology in HNSCC patients. In vitro, tumor‐derived factors modulate cellular functions of PMNs and increase their inflammatory activity. Thus, the interaction between HNSCC and PMNs may contribute to host‐mediated changes in the tumor microenvironment.
Functional characterization of a BRAF insertion mutant associated with pilocytic astrocytoma
Authors: Eisenhardt Anja E. , Olbrich Heike , Röring Michael , Janzarik Wibke , Anh Ton Nu Van , Cin Huriye , Remke Marc , Witt Hendrik , Korshunov Andrey , Pfister Stefan M. , Omran Heymut , Brummer Tilman 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is emerging as a tumor entity with dysregulated Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. Common genetic lesions observed in PA, which are linked to aberrant ERK pathway activity, include either NF1 inactivation, KRAS or BRAF gain‐of‐function mutations. To investigate the mutation spectrum within the proto‐oncogene encoding the Ser/Thr‐kinase B‐Raf in more detail, we analyzed 64 primary tumor samples from children with PA including two patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The well‐known BRAFV600E mutation was found in 6/64 (9.38%) of our samples. For the first time, we report concomitant presence of a somatic BRAFV600E mutation in an NF1 patient indicating that more than one Ras/ERK pathway component can be affected in PA. Furthermore, 2/64 (3.13%) of our samples carried a 3‐bp insertion in BRAF resulting in the duplication of threonine 599. This conserved residue is located within the activation segment and, if phosphorylated in a Ras‐dependent manner, plays a key role in Raf activation. Here, we demonstrate that this mutant (B‐RafinsT) and another B‐Raf mutant, which carries two additional threonine residues at this position, display an in vitro kinase activity and cellular MEK/ERK activation potential comparable to those of B‐RafV600E. Notably, replacement of threonines by valine residues had similar effects on B‐Raf activity, suggesting that the distortion of the peptide backbone by additional amino acids rather than the insertion of additional, potential phosphorylation sites destabilizes the inactive conformation of the kinase domain. We also demonstrate that B‐RafinsT and B‐RafV600E, but not B‐Rafwt, provoke drastic morphological alterations in human astrocytes.