bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Gel Probe and Isotope Labeling Technique for Measuring Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium in Sediments at Millimeter-Level Resolution
Authors: Stief Peter , Behrendt Anna , Lavik Gaute , De Beer Dirk 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Dissimilatory NO
3
−
reduction in sediments is often measured in bulk incubations that destroy
in situ
gradients of controlling factors such as sulfide and oxygen. Additionally, the use of unnaturally high NO
3
−
concentrations yields potential rather than actual activities of dissimilatory NO
3
−
reduction. We developed a technique to determine the vertical distribution of the net rates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) with minimal physical disturbance in intact sediment cores at millimeter-level resolution. This allows DNRA activity to be directly linked to the microenvironmental conditions in the layer of NO
3
−
consumption. The water column of the sediment core is amended with
15
NO
3
−
at the
in situ
14
NO
3
−
concentration. A gel probe is deployed in the sediment and is retrieved after complete diffusive equilibration between the gel and the sediment pore water. The gel is then sliced and the NH
4
+
dissolved in the gel slices is chemically converted by hypobromite to N
2
in reaction vials. The isotopic composition of N
2
is determined by mass spectrometry. We used the combined gel probe and isotopic labeling technique with freshwater and marine sediment cores and with sterile quartz sand with artificial gradients of
15
NH
4
+
. The results were compared to the NH
4
+
microsensor profiles measured in freshwater sediment and quartz sand and to the N
2
O microsensor profiles measured in acetylene-amended sediments to trace denitrification.
Functional Roles of the Conserved Glu304 Loop of
Bacillus subtilis
Glutamine Synthetase
Authors: Wray Lewis V. , Fisher Susan H. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

The enzymatic activity of
Bacillus subtilis
glutamine synthetase (GS), which catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from ammonium and glutamate, is regulated by glutamine feedback inhibition. The feedback-inhibited form of
B. subtilis
GS regulates the DNA-binding activities of the TnrA and GlnR nitrogen transcriptional factors. Bacterial GS proteins contain a flexible seven-residue loop, the Glu304 flap, that closes over the glutamate entrance to the active site. Amino acid substitutions in Glu304 flap residues were examined for their effects on gene regulation, enzymatic activity, and feedback inhibition. Substitutions in five of the Glu304 loop residues resulted in constitutive expression of both TnrA- and GlnR-regulated genes, indicating that this flap is important for regulating the activity of these transcription factors. The residues in the highly conserved Glu304 flap appear to be optimized for glutamate binding because mutant enzymes with substitutions in five of the flap residues had increased glutamate

K
m

values compared to that for wild-type GS. The E304A and E304D substitutions increased the ammonium

K
m

values compared to that for wild-type GS and conferred high-level resistance to inhibition by glutamine, glycine, and methionine sulfoximine. A model for the role of the Glu304 residue in glutamine feedback inhibition is proposed.
Neuropathic Pain in Patients with Upper-Extremity Nerve Injury
Authors: Novak Christine B. , Katz Joel 
Published: July 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to present an analysis of the literature of the outcome studies reported in patients following traumatic upper-extremity (UE) nerve injuries (excluding amputation), to assess the presence of an association between neuropathic pain and outcome in patients following traumatic UE nerve injuries, and to provide recommendations for inclusion of more comprehensive outcome measures by clinicians who treat these patients.Summary of Key Points: A Medline and CINAHL literature search retrieved 48 articles. This review identified very few studies of patients with peripheral nerve injury that reported neuropathic pain. When pain was reported, visual analogue or numeric rating scales were most frequently used; standardized questionnaires measuring pain or psychosocial function were rarely administered. Recent evidence shows substantial long-term disability and pain in patients following peripheral nerve injury.Recommendation: To better understand neuropathic pain in patients following peripheral nerve injury, future outcome studies should include valid, reliable measures of physical impairment, pain, disability, health-related quality of life, and psychosocial functioning.
The Effect of Abdominal Support on Functional Outcomes in Patients Following Major Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cheifetz Oren , Lucy S. Deborah , Overend Tom J. , Crowe Jean 
Published: July 2010

Purpose: Immobility and pain are modifiable risk factors for development of venous thromboembolism and pulmonary morbidity after major abdominal surgery (MAS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of abdominal incision support with an elasticized abdominal binder on postoperative walk performance (mobility), perceived distress, pain, and pulmonary function in patients following MAS. Methods: Seventy-five patients scheduled to undergo MAS via laparotomy were randomized to experimental (binder) or control (no binder) groups. Sixty (33 male, 27 female; mean age 58±14.9 years) completed the study. Preoperative measurements of 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance, perceived distress, pain, and pulmonary function were repeated 1, 3, and 5 days after surgery. Results: Surgery was associated with marked postoperative reductions (p<0.001) in walk distance (∼75–78%, day 3) and forced vital capacity (35%, all days) for both groups. Improved 6MWT distance by day 5 was greater (p<0.05) for patients wearing a binder (80%) than for the control group (48%). Pain and symptom-associated distress remained unchanged following surgery with binder usage, increasing significantly (p<0.05) only in the no binder group. Conclusion: Elasticized abdominal binders provide a non-invasive intervention for enhancing recovery of walk performance, controlling pain and distress, and improving patients' experience following MAS.
Cessation of Exercise in the Institutionalized Elderly: Effects on Physical Function
Authors: Marshall Sarah C. , Berg Katherine 
Published: July 2010

Purpose: The objectives of this study were (1) to examine the effects of a 12-week exercise cessation period separating two 12-week exercise sessions on physical variables in an elderly institutionalized population and (2) to explore overall programme effectiveness. Methods: The functional mobility of 25 elderly institutionalized adults participating in an existing exercise programme was examined using a one-group, interrupted time-series design. Functional mobility was evaluated at four time points during two cycles of a 12-week exercise programme, alternating with a 12-week period of no formal exercise. Results: The primary outcome was the change in functional mobility scores, assessed at baseline, 12, 24 and 36 weeks. In both the higher-functioning (HF) group and the lower-functioning (LF) group, the cessation of exercise was associated with deterioration in physical function. The overall non-continuous nature of the programming under study also seemed to be detrimental to the physical function of the LF group. Conclusions: Findings of this small-sample study support the need to modify common practices in exercise programming for older, institutionalized people.
Examining International Clinical Internships for Canadian Physical Therapy Students from 1997 to 2007
Authors: Crawford Elizabeth , Biggar John M. , Leggett Adrienne , Huang Adrian , Mori Brenda , Nixon Stephanie A. , Landry Michel D. 
Published: July 2010

Purpose: To describe international clinical internships (ICIs) for Canadian physical therapy (PT) students, explore the experiences of individuals involved in ICIs, and develop recommendations for future ICIs based on these findings. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods approach. An online questionnaire surveyed academic coordinators of clinical education (ACCEs, n=14) on the availability, destinations, and number of ICIs from 1997 to 2007. Semi-structured telephone interviews were then conducted with eight PT students, seven ACCEs, and three supervising clinicians to investigate their ICI experiences. Interview transcripts were coded descriptively and thematically using NVivo. Results: ICIs are currently available at 12 of 14 Canadian PT schools. A total of 313 students participated in ICIs in 51 different destination countries from 1997 to 2007. Over this period, increasing numbers of students participated in ICIs and developing countries represented an increasing proportion of ICI destinations. Key themes identified in the interviews were opportunities, challenges, and facilitating factors. Conclusions: ICIs present unique opportunities for Canadian PT students. Recommendations to enhance the quality of future ICIs are (1) clearly defined objectives for ICIs, (2) additional follow-up post-ICI, and (3) improved record keeping and sharing of information on ICI destination countries and host sites.
Hereditary Hemochromatosis: A Literature Review and Case Report
Authors: Allen Mary K. 
Published: July 2010

Purpose: To improve understanding in the physical therapy (PT) community of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), a common but little-known iron overload disorder, symptoms of which may mimic other orthopaedic conditions. Medical management typically involves phlebotomy to remove excess iron; however, there is little specific information in the literature on PT management of patients with HH after trauma. Case description: The patient was a 65-year-old woman with multiple fall-related traumas, including right wrist, thumb, and patellar fractures and left thigh muscle strain with significant ecchymosis and effusion. Medical history included HH. Iron-related lab values had been analyzed 9 days prior to the fall and had demonstrated a steady increase over the previous 4 months since her last phlebotomy. Outcomes: As the level of exercise and activity increased during the course of PT treatment, the patient developed shortness of breath and increased fatigue. The exercise level in therapy was reduced to accommodate the change in the patient's response. Blood values analyzed 7 weeks after the fall demonstrated a drop in haemoglobin and hematocrit values, while serum ferritin levels had risen. Implications: Understanding early symptoms and management of a patient with manifestations of HH will better enable physical therapists to consider this disorder as a differential diagnosis or co-morbidity that affects treatment considerations.
Mechanism of shopping difficulties for low‐income households caused by the increase in high‐income households in central Tokyo: A case study of Azabu and Takanawa districts of Minato‐ku
Authors: Nakamura Emi , Asami Yasushi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study analyzed the mechanism of shopping difficulties for low‐income groups in central Tokyo, where economic disparity is progressing due to gentrification. Through questionnaire and interview surveys, as well as analysis of time‐series environmental changes, we found that since 2000, shopping difficulties have been induced by the decline of shopping streets and the upgrading of supermarkets in parallel. Furthermore, in the areas where the percentage of high‐income groups due to redevelopments has significantly increased, luxury supermarkets opened at the same time as the construction of luxury condominiums, making it difficult for affordable supermarkets to locate.
Large Coercivity and High Remanence in Iron‐Rich 2:17‐Type SmCo Magnets:Effect of Dislocation on Solid‐Solution Precursors
Authors: Hu Mingyao , He Yangkun , Liu Yang , Liu Ziheng , Xi Longlong , Yang Lei , Zhang Tianli , Kang Dazhuang , Si Chen , Zhao Mingjing , Jiang Chengbao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIron‐rich 2:17‐type SmCo magnets are expected to achieve high performance and relatively low cost. However, inhomogeneous cellular structures usually exist in iron‐rich magnets, resulting in a drastic reduction in coercivity and energy product. Herein, a strategy is proposed to regulate the dislocation by decreasing the Sm content and extending the solid‐solution duration in precursor of iron‐rich SmCo magnet. High‐density dislocations in precursor contributed to 1:5H nucleation, leading to uniform cellular structures in final magnets. As a result, a remarkable intrinsic coercivity of 1.50 T and one of the highest remanences (1.24 T) are simultaneously achieved in the iron‐rich Sm25Co42Fe26Cu5Zr2 (wt%) magnet. This study provides valuable insights into the design and development of iron‐rich 2:17‐type SmCo magnets.
Magnetically Controlled Strategies for Enhanced Tissue Vascularization
Authors: Zhu Shilu , Xu Liang , Zhang Yang , Zheng Zhiyuan , Lang Zhongliang , Zhang Qingdong , Gao Jie , Ye Min , Xu Ronald X. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTissue vascularization plays a critical role in the regeneration and repair of damaged tissues. However, in certain instances of tissue injury, the pace and effectiveness of vascularization can be limited. Innovative strategies leveraging magnetic fields and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are devised to enhance the efficacy of tissue vascularization. This review explores the potential of magnetic field‐assisted strategies in augmenting tissue vascularization and repair. Direct application of static or dynamic magnetic fields, alone or in combination with MNPs, offers a means to modulate cellular behaviors and gene expression, thereby promoting angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. Techniques such as cell labeling, gene delivery using MNPs, and magnetic targeting have shown promise in efficiently repairing various ischemic tissue injuries by enhancing tissue vascularization. These strategies have broad applications in bone and skin tissue regeneration, limb ischemia treatment, myocardial injury treatment, and diabetic wound therapy. By summarizing recent advancements in magnetically controlled strategies, this review aims to shed light on their future prospects in tissue regeneration and clinical treatment.
Strain‐Stiffening, Robust yet Compliant Ionic Elastomer from Highly Entangled Polymer Networks and Metal–Oxygen Interactions
Authors: Zhou Piaopiao , Zhan Weiqing , Shen Shengtao , Zhang Hui , Zou Zhigang , Lyu Xiaolin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIon‐conductive elastomers have emerged as ideal candidates for ionic skin and wearable devices due to their intrinsic stretchability and excellent electrical properties. Despite continuous efforts in this field, strain‐stiffening, robust yet compliant ionic elastomers are still unattainable due to the limited intermolecular interactions, restricting their reliability and durability in practical applications. Inspired by the interwoven collagen fiber network and synergistic non‐covalent interaction in the dermis, an immense strain‐stiffening, ultra‐stretchable, highly tough, and elastic ionic elastomer are reported by introducing the metal–oxygen interactions into the highly entangled network. The ionic elastomers also show intriguing self‐healing ability, high adhesion, and environmental tolerance, contributed by the dynamic synergistic noncovalent interactions. The prepared ionic skin displays sensitive and stable responses to temperature and strain. This work demonstrates a new design strategy for fabricating high‐performance ionic elastomers with excellent mechanical and electrical properties, showing great prospects in wearable and flexible devices.
Ionic Liquid‐Induced Product Switching in CO2 Electroreduction on Copper Reaction Interface
Authors: Cai Huizhu , Yang Hengpan , Feng Jianpeng , Zhou Kangjie , Liu Changsha , Hu Qi , He Chuanxin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) mainly occurs at the three‐phase interface, and the properties of an interface can directly affect the CO2RR pathway. Cu‐based materials can produce considerable amounts of alcohols and hydrocarbons, but it is hard to precisely regulate the reaction interface and obtain specific target products. Herein, the properties of the Cu surface through a facile strategy of ionic liquid modification are successfully adjusted. According to theoretical calculations and in situ Raman and FTIR spectra characterizations, it is revealed that the introduction of ionic liquids (e.g., [Bmim][PF6]) can control the energy barriers and distribution density of key intermediates on Cu interface, thus totally change the reaction pathway of CO2 electroreduction. Consequently, the dominant products from the Cu catalyst will be dramatically switched between C2H4 with a 71.1% Faraday efficiency (FE) and CH4 with a 67.2% FE. It is rarely seen in previous reports that the CO2RR products can be fundamentally changed through simple interface modifications. This work offers a straightforward approach to tune the interfacial properties and understand the mechanisms in various electrocatalytic reactions.
pH‐Gated Switch of LCST‐UCST Phase Transition of Hydrogels
Authors: He Jiaqing , Zhou Qiang , Ge Zhiqing , Jiang Shunfeng , Li Jiahe , Feng Wei , Yang Haiyang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTemperature‐responsive hydrogels including lower critical solution temperature (LCST)‐ and upper critical solution temperature (UCST)‐type hydrogels are attractive in various fields. However, the swift switch between LCST and UCST stimuli‐responsive behaviors remains intriguing and challenging. Here is reported a kind of hydrogel with pH‐gated LCST and UCST response behaviors. This is achieved using the hydrogen bonding between carboxylic acid groups of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) and hydroxyl groups of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). The poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide)‐HPC (PACA‐HPC) hydrogels exhibit pH‐gated reversible LCST‐UCST phase transition behavior. When the transparent PACA‐HPC hydrogel is placed in an acid bath, the COO− groups get protonated, rapidly forming hydrogen bonds with HPC to render a light‐scattering state making the hydrogel opaque. Furthermore, the opaque hydrogel exhibits UCST phase transition behavior at 20–45 °C. When the opaque PCAC‐HPC hydrogel is placed in an alkaline environment, hydrogen‐bonded complexes gradually dissociate as the COOH groups are deprotonated to form a homogeneous transparent state. The transparent hydrogel exhibits LCST phase transition behavior at 20–45° C. Therefore, is shown the hydrogen bonding strategy to fabricate hydrogels with tunable LCST and UCST responses. With this pH‐gated hydrogel with switchable LCST/UCST responsive behaviors, are demonstrated its applications in smart windows and information encryption.
Fully Hardware Memristive Neuromorphic Computing Enabled by the Integration of Trainable Dendritic Neurons and High‐Density RRAM Chip
Authors: Yang Zhen , Yue Wenshuo , Liu Chang , Tao Yaoyu , Tiw Pek Jun , Yan Longhao , Yang Yuxiang , Zhang Teng , Dang Bingjie , Liu Keqin , He Xiaodong , Wu Yongqin , Bu Weihai , Zheng Kai , Kang Jin , Huang Ru , Yang Yuchao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractComputing‐in‐memory (CIM) architecture inspired by the hierarchy of human brain is proposed to resolve the von Neumann bottleneck and boost acceleration of artificial intelligence. Whereas remarkable progress has been achieved for CIM, making further improvements in CIM performance is becoming increasingly challenging, which is mainly caused by the disparity between rapid evolution of synaptic arrays and relatively slow progress in building efficient neuronal devices. Specifically, dedicated efforts are required toward developments of more advanced activation units in terms of both optimized algorithms and innovative hardware implementations. Here a novel bio‐inspired dendrite function‐like neuron based on negative‐differential‐resistance (NDR) behavior is reported and experimentally demonstrates this design as a more efficient neuron. By integrating electrochemical random‐access memory (ECRAM) with ionic regulation, the tunable NDR neuron can be trained to enhance neural network performances. Furthermore, based on a high‐density RRAM chip, fully hardware implementation of CIM is experimentally demonstrated by integrating NDR neuron devices with only a 1.03% accuracy loss. This work provides 516 × and 1.3 × 105 × improvements on LAE (Latency‐Area‐Energy) property, compared to the digital and analog CMOS activation circuits, respectively. With device‐algorithm co‐optimization, this work proposes a compact and energy‐efficient solution that pushes CIM‐based neuromorphic computing into a new paradigm.
Synergistic M‐O Dual‐Atom Pairs Induced Interfacial Water Hydrogen Bonding Network for Boosting MoSe2Electrocatalytic Performance
Authors: Luo Zhaoyan , Guo Yirun , Qian Yinnan , Zhang Lei , Song Zhongxin , Zhang Qianling , He Chuanxin , Ren Xiangzhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics changes of the water network at the electrode–solution interface during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process, including how it is doubly regulated by the electrode material and electrolyte pH, and its subsequent effects on the reaction intermediates (H*and OH*), is crucial in electrochemistry. However, relevant studies are limited due to water's its dual role as both a reactant and a solvent. Thus, it is essential to construct an ideal model capable of decoupling the effects of interfacial water action from the surface catalytic HER process. In this study, M‐O atom pairs doped MoSe2model catalyst is developed to achieve this goal and tailor the water network structure in a double‐layer microenvironment. Combined with molecular dynamics simulations and in situ spectroscopic characterization, correlations between water configuration, the water network, and water dissociation with HER activity are successfully established. This findings reveal that the pH‐dependent hydrogen‐bonding environment, modulated by oxophilic species, exerts a greater influence on acidic HER compared to alkaline media. The optimized Rh,O‐MoSe2‐xcatalyst demonstrates exceptional performance in both acid and alkaline electrolytes and shows no activity decay during a PEMWE test at 1.5 A cm−2, making it promising for scalable water electrolyzers.
Imageable Brachytherapy with Chelator‐Free Radiolabeling Hydrogel
Authors: Cui Zhencun , Wang Liqin , Liu Wei , Xu Dan , Zhang Taofeng , Ma Baoliang , Zhang Kai , Yuan Lingyan , Bing Zhitong , Liu Jiangyan , Liu Bin , Wu Wangsuo , Tian Longlong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBrachytherapy stands as an essential clinical approach for combating locally advanced tumors. Here, an injectable brachytherapy hydrogel is developed for the treatment of both local and metastatic tumor. Fe‐tannins nanoparticles are efficiently and stably radiolabeled with clinical used therapeutic radionuclides (such as 131I, 90Y, 177Lu, and 225Ac) without a chelator, and then chemically cross‐linked with 4‐armPEG‐SH to form brachytherapy hydrogel. Upon intratumoral administration, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal from ferric ions embedded within the hydrogel directly correlates with the retention dosage of radionuclides, which can real‐time monitor radionuclides emitting short‐range rays in vivo without penetration limitation during brachytherapy. The hydrogel's design ensures the long‐term tumor retention of therapeutic radionuclides, leading to the effective eradication of local tumor. Furthermore, the radiolabeled hydrogel is integrated with an adjuvant to synergize with immune checkpoint blocking therapy, thereby activating potent anti‐tumor immune responses and inhibiting metastatic tumor growth. Therefore, this work presents an imageable brachytherapy hydrogel for real‐time monitoring therapeutic process, and expands the indications of brachytherapy from treatment of localized tumors to metastatic tumors.