bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematics of an alpine retrogressive rockslide in the Japanese Alps
Authors: Nishii Ryoko , Matsuoka Norikazu 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe Aresawa rockslide in the Japanese Alps experienced a partial collapse (5–10 × 105 m3) in 2004, followed by an accelerated downward movement of the head area rather than stabilization. This paper discusses the kinematics of a retrogressive rockslide area and factors promoting slope instability subsequent to the 2004 collapse, on the basis of geodetic surveys and meteorological observations from 2006 to 2010. The unstable area covers at least 2·3 × 104 m2 and consists of five active blocks. The main blocks are separated from the stable rock slope by pre‐existing ‘sackung features’ that follow the strike of the bedding plane. Shear zones below these sackung features have developed into slip planes potentially causing the next collapse. In particular, the propagation of a slip plane causing movement at 70 cm yr−1 in the head area is promoted by bidirectional movement. It consists of slow ‘dip‐slip’ movement in snow‐accumulating periods and rapid ‘side‐slip’ movement in snow‐melting and snow‐free periods, both of which occur on the same slip plane. This bidirectional movement appears to result from the combination of a loss of lateral support by the 2004 event and the immature state of the slip plane. The primary trigger of the acceleration in the unstable area is the stress release by the 2004 collapse. In addition, the presence of a potential slip plane below the sackung features also promotes slope instability, suggesting that sackung features behind a rockslide area may predefine the new head scarp of a forthcoming collapse. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing aeolian beach‐surface dynamics using a remote sensing approach
Authors: Delgado‐Fernandez Irene , Davidson‐Arnott Robin , Bauer Bernard O. , Walker Ian J. , Ollerhead Jeff , Rhew Hosahng 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTA remote sensing technique for assessing beach surface moisture was used to provide insight into beach‐surface evolution during an aeolian event. An experiment was carried out on 21 October 2007 at Greenwich Dunes, Prince Edward Island National Park, Canada, during which cameras were mounted on a mast on the foredune crest at a height of about 14 m above the beach. Maps of beach surface moisture were created based on a calibrated relationship between surface brightness from the photographs and surface moisture content measured in situ at points spaced every 2.5 m along a transect using a Delta‐T moisture probe. A time sequence of maps of surface moisture content captured beach surface evolution through the transport event at a spatial and temporal resolution that would be difficult to achieve with other sampling techniques such as impedance probes. Erosion of the foreshore and berm crest resulted in an increase in surface moisture content in these areas as the wetter underlying sediments were exposed. Flow expansion downwind of the berm crest led to sand deposition and a consequent decrease in surface moisture content. Remote sensing systems such as the one presented here allow observations of the combined evolution of beach surface moisture, shoreline position, and fetch distances during short‐term experiments and hence provide a comprehensive rendering of sediment erosion and transport processes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Double‐diffusive natural convection in a partially heated enclosure using a nanofluid
Authors: Parvin Salma , Nasrin Rehena , Alim M.A. , Hossain N.F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper analyzes numerically the effect of double‐diffusive natural convection of a water–Al2O3 nanofluid in a partially heated enclosure with Soret and Dufour coefficients. The top horizontal wall has constant temperature Tc, while the bottom wall is partially heated Th, with Th > Tc . The concentration in the top wall is maintained higher than the bottom wall Cc < Ch. The remaining bottom wall and the two vertical walls are considered adiabatic. Water is considered as the base fluid. The governing equations are solved by the Penalty Finite Element Method using Galerkin's weighted residual scheme. The effect of the parameters, namely, Rayleigh number and solid volume fraction of the nanoparticles on the flow pattern and heat and mass transfer has been depicted. Comprehensive average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, average temperature and concentration, and mid‐height horizontal and vertical velocities at the middle of the cavity are presented as functions of the governing parameters mentioned above. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21010
Use of the Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood: Revised Edition (DC:0–3R) with Canadian Infants and Young Children Prenatally Exposed to Substances
Authors: Motz Mary , Espinet Stacey D. , Jeong Jessica Jeihyun , Zimmerman Patricia , Chamberlin Julie , Pepler Debra J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe current study examined the mental health diagnostic profiles of infants and young children prenatally exposed to substances using the Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood, Revised (DC:0–3R) diagnostic system. Participants were 46 biological mother–infant dyads who were engaged in a clinical program for mothers with substance‐use problems and their young children (aged 10–41 months). Diagnostic information was reported for each of the five axes listed in the DC:0–3R diagnostic system based on file reviews. In addition, the children's socioemotional and adaptive behaviors were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist, Infant–Toddler Social Emotional Assessment, the Social‐Emotional Scale, and the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (2nd ed.). In this sample of young children with prenatal substance exposure, a broad range of socioemotional symptoms were evident, with almost one third of the children meeting criteria for at least one Axis I mental health diagnosis. In addition, the majority of dyads demonstrated features of a disordered relationship. Children in more problematic relationships demonstrated higher levels of socioemotional and adaptive functioning difficulties and were more likely to have an Axis I diagnosis than were children in adapted relationships. The importance of early intervention efforts aimed at infants with prenatal substance exposure and their biological mothers is highlighted, with a particular focus on enhancing the quality of the mother–child relationship.
Encapsulation of protein microfiber networks supporting pancreatic islets
Authors: Steele Joseph A. M. , Barron Annelise E. , Carmona Euridice , Hallé Jean‐Pierre , Neufeld Ronald J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNetworks of discrete, genipin‐crosslinked gelatin microfibers enveloping pancreatic islets were incorporated within barium alginate microcapsules. This novel technique enabled encapsulation of cellular aggregates in a spherical fibrous matrix <300 μm in diameter. Microfibers were produced by vortex‐drawn extrusion within an alginate support matrix. Optimization culminated in a hydrated fiber diameter of 22.3 ± 0.4 μm, a significant reduction relative to that available through current gelatin microfiber spinning techniques, while making the process more reliable and less labor intensive. Microfibers were encapsulated at 40 vol % within 294 ± 4 μm 1.6% barium alginate microparticles by electrostatic‐mediated dropwise extrusion. Pancreatic islets extracted from Sprague Dawley rats were encapsulated within the microparticles and analyzed over 21 days. Acridine orange and propidium iodide fluorescent viability staining and light microscopy indicated a significant increase in viability for islets within the fiber‐embedded particles relative to fiber‐free controls at days 7, 14, and 21. The fiber‐embedded system also promoted cellular aggregate cohesion, reducing the incidence of dispersed islet morphologies within the capsules from 31 to 8% at day 21. Further enquiry into benefits of islet encapsulation within a protein fiber network will be the subject of future investigation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A:3384–3391, 2012.
Bone material properties in premenopausal women with idiopathic osteoporosis
Authors: Misof Barbara M , Gamsjaeger Sonja , Cohen Adi , Hofstetter Birgit , Roschger Paul , Stein Emily , Nickolas Thomas L , Rogers Halley F , Dempster David , Zhou Hua , Recker Robert , Lappe Joan , McMahon Donald , Paschalis Eleftherios P , Fratzl Peter , Shane Elizabeth , Klaushofer Klaus 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Idiopathic osteoporosis (IOP) in premenopausal women is characterized by fragility fractures at low or normal bone mineral density (BMD) in otherwise healthy women with normal gonadal function. Histomorphometric analysis of transiliac bone biopsy samples has revealed microarchitectural deterioration of cancellous bone and thinner cortices. To examine bone material quality, we measured the bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) in biopsy samples by quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI), and mineral/matrix ratio, mineral crystallinity/maturity, relative proteoglycan content, and collagen cross-link ratio at actively bone forming trabecular surfaces by Raman microspectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) techniques. The study groups included: premenopausal women with idiopathic fractures (IOP, n = 45), or idiopathic low BMD (Z-score ≤ −2.0 at spine and/or hip) but no fractures (ILBMD, n = 19), and healthy controls (CONTROL, n = 38). BMDD of cancellous bone showed slightly lower mineral content in IOP (both the average degree of mineralization of cancellous bone [Cn.CaMean] and mode calcium concentration [Cn.CaPeak] are 1.4% lower) and in ILBMD (both are 1.6% lower, p &lt; 0.05) versus CONTROL, but no difference between IOP and ILBMD. Similar differences were found when affected groups were combined versus CONTROL. The differences remained significant after adjustment for cancellous mineralizing surface (MS/BS), suggesting that the reduced mineralization of bone matrix cannot be completely accounted for by differences in bone turnover. Raman microspectroscopy and FTIRM analysis at forming bone surfaces showed no differences between combined IOP/ILBMD groups versus CONTROL, with the exceptions of increased proteoglycan content per mineral content and increased collagen cross-link ratio. When the two affected subgroups were considered individually, mineral/matrix ratio and collagen cross-link ratio were higher in IOP than ILBMD. In conclusion, our findings suggest that bone material properties differ between premenopausal women with IOP/ILBMD and normal controls. In particular, the altered collagen properties at sites of active bone formation support the hypothesis that affected women have osteoblast dysfunction that may play a role in bone fragility. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Milestones for Apheresis education
Authors: Marshall Carol S. , Andrzejewski Chester , Carey Patricia M. , Crookston Kendall P. , Li Yanhua , Lopez‐Plaza Ileana , Sachais Bruce S. , Schwartz Joseph , Winters Jeffrey L. , Wong Edward C. C. , Wu YanYun 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMilestones represent the essential knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for the practice of a medical discipline. Defining these milestones for each medical specialty has become a focus for the American Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Practitioners of Apheresis Medicine come from a variety of medical specialties making it challenging to establish the essential educational milestones for all. The American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) has an interest in promoting standards of excellence for Apheresis Medicine. ASFA's Physician's Curriculum Content Committee is a group of physician educators in the field of Apheresis Medicine, both donor and therapeutic, from across the United States, who have met regularly for several years to discuss the appropriate educational milestones in Apheresis training. The committee members teach residents and fellows from Pathology, Transfusion Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Nephrology and other specialties. In this document, we have outlined the basic set of Apheresis milestones required in the ACGME defined competency areas of Patient Care and Medical Knowledge. We have also recommended methods of evaluation and estimated the time necessary for the acquisition of these cognitive and behavioral elements. J. Clin. Apheresis 27:242–246, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Explaining the Covariance Between Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Depressive Symptoms: The Role of Hedonic Responsivity
Authors: Meinzer Michael C. , Pettit Jeremy W. , Leventhal Adam M. , Hill Ryan M. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine low hedonic responsivity, a facet of hedonic capacity, as a potential explanatory variable in the relationship between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and depressive symptoms.MethodOne hundred ninety‐eight undergraduate students (mean age = 21.3, standard deviation = 4.6; 59.6% women) from a large, public university completed self‐report measures for this cross‐sectional study.ResultsResults indicated that ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with depressive symptoms, and that low hedonic responsivity partially accounted for this association. This effect was statistically significant for total ADHD symptoms and inattentive symptoms, but not for hyperactive‐impulsive symptoms.ConclusionsFindings are consistent with the possibility that impaired hedonic responsiveness may be a common endophenotype for depression and the inattentive symptoms of ADHD. Implications for future research and clinical work are discussed.
The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity, Behavioral Inhibition, and Cognitive Biases in Anxiety Symptoms: Structural Equation Modeling of Direct and Indirect Pathways
Authors: Viana Andres G. , Gratz Kim L. 
Published: July 2012

Objective(s):Limited research has examined how temperamental (i.e., behavioral inhibition, anxiety sensitivity) and cognitive (i.e., interpretive and judgment biases) risks for the development anxiety covary to influence anxiety symptoms. Thus, the present study aimed to advance understanding of the direct and indirect links between anxiety sensitivity, behavioral inhibition, and interpretive biases, and judgment biases (in the form of perceived control) to anxiety outcomes (i.e., worry and trait anxiety symptoms).Method:842 emerging adults (mean = 18.75 years, standard deviation = 1.05; age range = 18–24; 70% women) recruited from a university in the northeast participated in this study. Participants completed a battery of self‐report measures assessing risk factors and anxiety outcomes of interest.Results:Structural equation modeling revealed anxiety sensitivity and behavioral inhibition were directly linked with anxiety outcomes. Anxiety sensitivity and behavioral inhibition were also indirectly linked with anxiety outcomes through interpretive and judgment biases. The hypothesized model was partially invariant across high‐risk and low‐risk groups for anxiety disorders.Conclusions:Results of this study provide preliminary support for theoretical models hypothesizing a developmental progression from temperamental to cognitive risks and culminating in the expression of anxiety symptoms. Limitations and clinical implications of this research are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Clin. Psychol. 00:1‐20, 2012.
Different concentrations of grape seed extract affect in vitro starch fermentation by porcine small and large intestinal inocula
Authors: Wang Dongjie , Williams Barbara A , Ferruzzi Mario G , D'Arcy Bruce R 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Grape seed extract (GSE) phenolics have potential health‐promoting properties, either from compounds present within the extract, or metabolites resulting from gastrointestinal tract (GIT) fermentation of these compounds. This study describes how GSE affected the kinetics and end‐products of starch fermentation in vitro using pig intestinal and fecal inocula. Six GSE concentrations (0, 60, 125, 250, 500, and 750 µg ml−1 were fermented in vitro by porcine ileal and fecal microbiota using starch as the energy source. Cumulative gas production, and end‐point short chain fatty acids and ammonia were measured.RESULTS: GSE phenolics altered the pattern (gas kinetics, and end‐products such as SCFA and NH$_{4}^{+}$) of starch fermentation by both inocula, at concentrations above 250 µg ml−1. Below this level, neither inoculum showed any significant (P > 0.05) effect of the GSE.CONCLUSION: The results show that GSE phenolics at a concentration over 250 µg ml−1 can have measurable effects on microbial activity in an in vitro fermentation system, as evidenced by the changes in kinetics and end‐products from starch fermentation. This suggests that fermentation patterns could be conceivably shifted in the actual GIT, though further evidence will be required from in vivo studies. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of high‐pressure processing and enzymatic dephosphorylation on phosvitin properties
Authors: Volk Stephanie P , Ahn Dong U , Zeece Michael , Jung Stephanie 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Egg phosvitin could be a good source of functional peptides. Enzymatic dephosphorylation and high‐pressure processing combined with thermal treatment applied before proteolysis could produce phosvitin hydrolysates with different properties compared to its native form.RESULTS: Phosvitin structure was maintained overall during high‐pressure treatment of 600 MPa applied at an initial temperature of 65 °C regardless of the pH and duration of treatment, confirming the high structural stability of this phosphoprotein. Treatment of phosvitin with phosphatase increased the degree of dephosphorylation from 24% to 63%, after 2 and 18 h, respectively. Moderate dephosphorylation of phosvitin prior to proteolytic digestion improved its hydrolysis, allowing formation of peptides with a molecular weight lower than 17,000 kDa as determined by size exclusion chromatography. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and antioxidant activity of dephosphorylated and protease‐treated phosvitin was increased by 52% and 39%, respectively, as compared to protease‐digested native phosvitin.CONCLUSION: Enzymatic dephosphorylation before proteolysis mimicking in vivo gut conditions improved ACE inhibition and antioxidant activity of phosvitin hydrolysates. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Using persuasive messages to encourage hunters to support regulation of lead shot
Authors: Schroeder Susan A. , Fulton David C. , Penning William , Doncarlos Kathy 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLead shot from hunting adds the toxic metal to environments worldwide. The United States banned lead shot for hunting waterfowl in 1991 and 26 states have lead shot restrictions beyond those mandated for waterfowl hunting. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) was interested in studying hunter attitudes about expanded restrictions on the use of lead shot for hunting small game to understand what communication strategies might increase public support for potential restrictions on lead shot. We mailed messages about lead shot, including 1,200 control messages and 400 of each of 9 treatment messages, and surveys to 4,800 resident small game hunters. We compared attitudes and intentions related to a possible ban among control and treatment groups. Compared to the control message, all treatment messages elicited more positive attitudes and intentions to support a ban. A basic factual message, messages with references to Ducks Unlimited, and a first‐person narrative message generated the strongest support for a ban. Results also demonstrated a substantial relationship between the use of lead shot and response to persuasive messages supporting a ban. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Towards a More Articulated Typology of Internally Headed Relative Constructions: The Semantics Connection
Authors: Grosu Alexander 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article outlines the shortcomings found in two well‐known syntax‐based typologies of internally headed relative constructions (IHRCs), and demonstrates the benefits of a typology that relies on the syntax‐semantics interface and takes semantics seriously into account. It is argued that the latter approach yields a more revealing and empirically superior typology of IHRCs.
Study of blood charring precursor states using backscattering at 663 nm from blood and optical window boundary
Authors: Takahashi Mei , Ito Arisa , Miyoshi Shunichiro , Kimura Takehiro , Takatsuki Seiji , Fukumoto Kotaro , Fukuda Keiichi , Arai Tsunenori 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveContact laser irradiation is generally used in therapeutic laser procedures such as plastic surgery and laser catheter lead removal. However, it may induce blood charring on the surface of the optical window in blood circumstance so that the laser beam might be blocked. Various charring detection methods have been proposed, but they detect charring only after charring has occurred. This study investigates the transient behavior of red blood cells (RBCs) prior to the charring on the surface of an optical window during red laser irradiation in blood circumstance.Materials and MethodsThe backscattering light power was continuously measured to investigate the transient behavior of a 1‐mm‐thick porcine blood model (hematocrit: 40%) during continuous laser irradiation (center wavelength: 663 nm; irradiance: 81 W/cm2). A rabbit blood model was microscopically observed after irradiation. The absorption coefficient (µa) and the reduced scattering coefficient ($\mu '_{{\rm s}} $) were measured using a double integrating sphere setup and the inverse adding–doubling method. The backscattering light power was continuously measured in vivo during contact laser irradiation via a laser catheter in a porcine heart cavity.ResultsThe results reveal that it may be possible to detect a precursory state of charring from a time course of the backscattering light power. µa increased monotonically by 15% until charring occurred. $\mu '_{{\rm s}} $ decreased by 10% followed a broad peak until charring occurred. These changes in the optical property correspond to changes in the morphology of RBCs. Changes in the backscattering light power measured in vivo were similar to those measured ex vivo.ConclusionsThe transient optical changes in blood prior to charring may be caused by changes in the morphology of RBCs on the optical window surface. Backscattering light power measurements may be a practical method to detect the precursor state of charring. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 508–513, 2012. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Orchestrating Cell/Material Interactions For Tissue Engineering of Surgical Implants
Authors: de Mel Achala , Seifalian Alexander M. , Birchall Martin A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractResearch groups are currently recognising a critical clinical need for innovative approaches to organ failure and agenesis. Allografting, autologous reconstruction and prosthetics are hampered with severe limitations. Pertinently, readily available ‘laboratory‐grown’ organs and implants are becoming a reality. Tissue engineering constructs vary in their design complexity depending on the specific structural and functional demands. Expeditious methods on integrating autologous stem cells onto nanoarchitectured 3D nanocomposites, are being transferred from lab to patients with a number of successful first‐in‐man experiences. Despite the need for a complete understanding of cell/material interactions tissue engineering is offering a plethora of exciting possibilities in regenerative medicine.magnified image