bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculous Paraplegia: Outcome of Operative Intervention
Authors: Obiegbu HO , Ndukwu C 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Tuberculosis of the spine, a common manifestation of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized by vertebral destruction, paradiscal involvement, abscess collection and varying degrees of neurologic affectation. The primary disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infects the lungs, lymph nodes of the mediastinum and gastrointestinal tract/ viscera with spinal involvement being secondary and caused by haematogenous spread. Tuberculous paraplegia arises as a complication of spinal involvement.

Aim:
To determine the outcome of operative intervention in tuberculous paraplegia. Methodology: This was a retrospective study involving 10 patients with tuberculous spinal involvement with varying degrees of neurological deficit as defined by both Tuli and ASIA grading. The VAS score, ESR, ASIA grade (both pre-op and post op), Tuli's grade (pre-op and post op) were used to analyze the therapeutic effects of the surgery.

Results:
The mean pre-operative VAS score was 5.9 ±1.8, which significantly decreased to 2.2 ±1.3 six weeks post operatively. The mean pre-operative ESR and CRP was 78.9 ± 11.3mm/hr and 83 ± 13.5 respectively; which both showed a statistically significant decrease post-operatively, p<0.05. All cases achieved an increase of more than one ASIA grade post-operatively.

Conclusion:
Early surgical intervention is beneficial in patients with tuberculous spinal disease with neurologic involvement.
Surgical Outcome of Open Radical Prostatectomy in Nigeria: A Five-Years Single-Surgeon Experience
Authors: Osaghae SO 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Organ-confined prostate cancer is curable through surgical treatment by radical prostatectomy.

Aim:
To report initial outcomes of open radical prostatectomy in Nigeria from 2014 to 2019.

Methods:
Open radical prostatectomy in private hospital settings. Thirty-five patients underwent open radical prostatectomy in private hospital settings from 2014 to 2019. A retrospective study of the case notes was undertaken.

Results:
The age range was 56–77 years (mean: 67.7 ± 5.6 years); presenting total PSA 7.3–32.0 ng/ml (mean: 16.2 ± 6.4); Gleason score range 6–10 and clinical stage T2c. Mean operation duration 192.4 ± 52.0 min. All patients received blood transfusion (average blood transfusion 4.58 ± 1.9 pints). The median length of hospital stay was 7 days and the catheterization duration was 16.6 days. The Gleason score ranges from 6 to 10. Biopsy and specimen histology Gleason scores correlated in all cases. Biochemical relapse within 1 year occurred in 12 (34.3%) patients. Adequate PSA control was achieved in 23 (65.7%) patients. Two cancer-related deaths occurred within 2 years of surgery. All patients voided well following removal of the catheter; persisting mild stress urinary incontinence resolved on conservative measures within 3–6 months. Anastomotic stricture occurred in one patient 1 (2.9%) in this present. Information on preoperative potency rate was unavailable; however, postoperation, 11 (31.4%) patients achieved erections sufficient for intercourse with oral therapy. All surviving 33 (94.3%) patients reported satisfactory performance status.

Conclusions:
Open radical prostatectomy was successfully performed in all the patients. Reasonable, comparative functional, and oncological outcomes were achieved during the study period.
Intra-articular Calcaneal Fractures: A Report of Cases and Comments on Preoperative Management
Authors: Acar E , Fitzpatrick K , Flint K , Weber T 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
To present a review of the clinical characteristics, preoperative and surgical management, and outcomes of patients with intra-articular calcaneal fractures who had open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and to offer some comments on and research ideas for the preoperative management of patients with these fractures.

Patients and Methods:
We studied consecutive patients who had ORIF performed by a single surgeon for closed, intra-articular calcaneal fractures at our level-1 trauma center between 5/29/2012 and 3/20/2018. All inpatients were treated with a preoperative soft tissue management protocol, whereas outpatients were not. Data were obtained about demographic and clinical characteristics, times from injury to surgery, quality of fracture reductions, and complication rates.

Results:
Mean follow-up for the 72 patients with 77 calcaneal fractures was 8.5 (range: 1–43) months, and 21 (27.3%) fractures received inpatient preoperative care with a soft tissue management protocol, while 56 (72.7%) received outpatient preoperative management. More of the fractures treated preoperatively as inpatients versus outpatients were classified as Sanders type III (66.7% vs. 32.1%) and type IV (8.9% vs. 4.8%) fractures and were associated with polytrauma (38.1% vs. 7.1%) and diabetes mellitus (9.5% vs. 5.4%), respectively. For all patients, the mean time from injury to surgery was 12.2 (range: 2.7–19.4) days, and the time was 6.3 days for inpatients and 14.4 days for outpatients, but the quality of fracture reductions and complication rates did not differ between these two groups.

Conclusions:
Patients with intra-articular calcaneal fractures treated as inpatients and receiving a preoperative soft tissue management protocol had outcomes after ORIF that were not inferior to those experienced by patients treated preoperatively as outpatients, despite a greater proportion of the inpatients having severe fractures, polytrauma, and diabetes mellitus. Dedicated preoperative soft tissue management protocols may be beneficial for patients with calcaneal fractures and warrant further study.
Distal Locking of Proximal Femoral Nails in Intertrochanteric Fractures: A Comparison of Taloned and Static Locking Systems
Authors: Karagoz B , Keceli O , Agir I 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The necessity of distal locking in proximal femoral nails (PFNs) used in intertrochanteric fracture surgery is still controversial. However, the newly designed talon distalfix PFN differs from other PFN systems with its taloned distal locking (TDL) mechanism.

Aim:
To compare the radiologic and functional results of this newly designed TDL system and the static distal locking (SDL) system.

Methods:
Between January 2018 and December 2021, 142 patients over the age of 65 who underwent PFN surgery for intertrochanteric fractures in our department and underwent SDL or TDL as the distal locking mechanism were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups as SDL and TDL according to the type of distal locking applied. Demographic variables and intraoperative data (operative time, intraoperative bleeding amount, and fluoroscopy time) were recorded. Harris hip score and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score results were recorded to evaluate postoperative functional outcomes. Union time and all postoperative complications were recorded.

Results:
Of a total of 142 patients with a mean age of 77.51 ± 11.67 years, 79 underwent SDL and 63 underwent TDL. Operative time, intraoperative bleeding amount, and fluoroscopy time were significantly reduced in patients who underwent TDL compared to those who underwent SDL. The union times were found to be significantly shorter in TDL patients. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of postoperative Harris hip score and VAS score results and complications.

Conclusions:
This clinical study confirms that TDL is as effective and safe as SDL. In addition, TDL has been shown to have advantages over SDL with shorter operative time, less bleeding amount, and less fluoroscopy time.
Effect of Age and Parity on Physiological Changes in the Eye During Pregnancy: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Nwachukwu NZ , Agu PU , Nnagbo JE , Nwachukwu DC , Ugwu EO 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The hormonal and metabolic changes that occur during uncomplicated pregnancy affect the eye. The effects of maternal age and parity on the physiological eye changes in pregnancy have been scarcely documented.

Aim:
To determine these effects on some physiological eye changes that occur in pregnancy.

Methods:
A longitudinal study involving consecutively recruited 140 pregnant women aged 18–48 years attending antenatal clinic at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. A structured questionnaire was administered to consenting women, after which the Schirmer test, tear break-up time (tBUT), corneal sensitivity, central corneal thickness (CCT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in the second and third trimesters, and six weeks after delivery.

Results:
The mean CCT showed a significantly greater increase among the multiparous (≥para 2) women in both the second and third trimesters compared with the primigravida/primiparous women (P = 0.032 and 0.049, respectively). There was no difference in mean CCT between the two parity groups at six weeks postpartum. Women aged 18–35 years showed a significantly greater increase in the mean CCT in the second trimester compared to those aged less than 35 years (P = 0.04). However, there was no difference in the mean CCT between the different age groups in the third trimester and at six weeks postpartum.

Conclusion:
The age and parity of women affect their level of CCT changes in pregnancy. Consideration of this effect may guide clinicians on their approaches to eye care and treatment during pregnancy.
Anatomical and Functional Evaluation of Modified Abbe-McIndoe Vaginoplasty at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sinha A , Amrita  , Sinha M , Biswas P 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome, the second important cause of primary amenorrhea, is characterized by complete mullerian agenesis in the presence of normal karyotype and normal functioning ovaries. Incidence is one in 4500 females. Treatment options include surgical and non-surgical methods. Surgical treatment by creating a neovagina between bladder and rectum is preferred as it gives immediate results.

Aim:
To evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of modified vaginoplasty procedures conducted in our institution.

Methods:
An ambispective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, at a tertiary care hospital and included 10 cases of MRKH syndrome, who underwent surgical treatment in our department. Postoperative outcome was noted. Sexual function was evaluated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score.

Results:
The mean duration of surgery was 40 minutes. The average blood loss during surgery in patients undergoing vaginoplasty was 60 ml. The mean length of the neovagina as measured 1 month after surgery was 7.9 cms. FSFI score was >30 in eight patients. Two patients were lost to follow-up.

Conclusion:
Modified McIndoe vaginoplasty is a simple, safe, and cost-effective procedure in the hands of experts. Only mature patients willing to follow the instructions and planning to get married soon should undergo this surgery.
Burnout and Job Satisfaction among Lecturers in Public Universities in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Aguwa EN , Shu EN , Conable JE 
Published: May 2024

Background:
There is increasing awareness of burnout and job disaffection among many professions like health profession, teachers, armed personnel and lawyers. However not much has been studied about university lecturers.

Aim:
To obtain the prevalence and determine predictors of burnout and job satisfaction among lecturers in public universities in Enugu State, Nigeria.

Methods:
It was a cross sectional analytical study. The participants were academic staff from University of Nigeria Nsukka and Enugu State University of Technology who met inclusion criteria. They were selected using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using Oldenberg Burnout Inventory for burnout and Job Descriptive Index for job satisfaction.

Results:
A total of 392 lecturers were studied: The males were 221 (56.3%), and the modal age group was 41–50 years: 152 (38.8%). The majority were married 303 (77.3%) and had worked for ≤10 years (65.8%). The prevalence of burnout was 57.7%. In general, 150 (38.3%) had a high level of job satisfaction. However, in most facets, < 50% were satisfied. Most socio-demographic variables were not associated with either burnout or job satisfaction. There is significant association between burnout and job satisfaction. Almost all 205 (90.7%) who had burnout had low job satisfaction and this was statistically significant (p value = 0.011). Present work condition, pay, opportunities, supervision were used as predictors to level of burnout. Present condition of work was a significant contributor (p = < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of burnout was high and many had low to moderate job satisfaction. Most socio-demographic variables were not associated with burnout or job satisfaction. There was a negative association between job satisfaction and burnout.
Prevalence of Obesity among Adults Visiting Otorhinolaryngology Clinics for Snoring
Authors: Alhedaithy Alhanouf A , Aldilaijan Khalid , Alnosair Abdulmajeed , Jebakumar Arulanantham Zechariah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
This study aims to assess the prevalence of obesity and to estimate the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among adults visiting otorhinolaryngology (ORL) clinics for snoring.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult patients who visited ORL clinics at King Fahd Military Medical Complex for snoring in the period between October 2019 and March 2022. We utilized STOP and STOP-BANG screening tools to stratify OSA risk in the included subjects.

Results:
Eighty-five patients were included in this study. Most of the subjects were male (80%). Obesity was detected in 63 (74.1%) of the included subjects. Seventy-seven subjects (90.6%) were independently at risk of OSA based on the STOP-BANG questionnaire and STOP questionnaire.

Conclusion:
Obesity is common in adults visiting ORL clinics for snoring. The rate of OSA risk is high among adult patients visiting ORL clinics for snoring. Therefore, it is important for ORL practitioners to utilize OSA risk assessment tools and to have enough knowledge or access to sleep medicine clinics for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Safety and Efficacy of Adenotonsillectomy in Sickle Cell Disease Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea – A Scoping Review
Authors: Almutairi Nasser K. , Almofada Hesham , Almatrafi Sharif 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This scoping review aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of adenotonsillectomy in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Six databases were searched from inception till December 2022 to identify relevant articles, and five articles were selected. Standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval were used as the effect sizes of the pooled data. Adenotonsillectomy was associated with a significant decrease in the apnea–hypopnea index and a significant increase in nadir O2 and SpO2. However, no differences were detected in the mean annual rates of acute chest syndrome and pain episodes. Adenotonsillectomy appears to improve the health status of SCD patients with OSA and was associated with a wide safety margin. Nevertheless, we recommend larger sample sizes with extended follow-up periods to confirm our findings.
Does Vocal Fold Pathology Play a Role in Determining the Timeline of Presentation to an Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgeon?
Authors: Nerurkar Nupur Kapoor , Jahnavi  
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
The primary objective is to study the average time duration between the onset of vocal symptoms and presentation to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeon, in different vocal pathologies. Our second objective is to study gender distribution among various pathologies.

Methods:
Our voice clinic records were retrospectively reviewed for 1 year, from August 2022, for details regarding gender, and the average time taken for presentation (ATTFP) in months, to an ENT surgeon. Disorders were grouped into vocal fold nodules, polyps, cysts, paralysis/paresis, sulcus, spasmodic dysphonia (SD), and premalignant and malignant conditions.

Results:
A total of 17 patients of vocal fold nodules (15 females), 47 vocal fold polyp patients (45 males), 40 vocal fold cyst patients (24 females), 64 paralysis/paresis patients (44 males), 41 sulcus patients (31 males), 35 SD patients (22 females), and 65 premalignant and malignant condition patients (51 males) presented to us. The ATTFP for nodules was 8.1 months, 6.8 months for polyps, 10.2 months for cysts, 22.8 months for idiopathic and 6 months for other causes of paralysis/paresis, 32.4 months for sulcus, 26.1 months for SD, and 10.2 months for premalignant and malignant conditions.

Conclusion:
Sulcus patients took the longest time to present to an ENT surgeon, followed by SD patients, both groups averaging over 2 years. Vocal fold paralysis/paresis patients with a nonidiopathic diagnosis were the earliest to present. A high male preponderance in vocal fold polyps (96%) as opposed to a high female preponderance in vocal fold nodules (88%), both considered phonotraumatic lesions, warrants further research into possible varying etiopathogenesis.
Hearing Rehabilitation in a Pediatric Patient with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: AlMazroa Leen Mohammad , AlHazmi Rawan M. , AlMuhawas Fida A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a cluster of genetically determined disorders of the connective tissue. Among the complications associated with this disease, hearing loss is a common complaint that usually begins in the second or third decade of life and worsens with age. Herein, we present the case of a 16-year-old female diagnosed with OI, who presented with decreased hearing over the past 4 years and had a positive family history of OI. Pure tone audiometry revealed mild-to-moderate bilateral conductive hearing loss. This patient’s age illustrates the importance of identifying the best technique for hearing restoration in younger populations.
The impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on lipid metabolism independent of other risk factors for atherosclerosis
Authors: Mostafa Neveen R , Ali Abeer AM 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundHelicobacter pyloriis a common pathogen that is prevalent worldwide, it is known by its effect on gastrointestinal tract, as it causes gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric carcinoma.H. pyloriinfection contributed to other nongastric systemic diseases including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.Some epidemiologic studies, found thatH. pyloriinfection is related to cardiac risks such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, but other studies failed to find any correlation. WhetherH. pyloriinfection is contributing to cardiovascular disease by affecting its risk factors or not; need further studies.AimStudy the effect ofH. pyloriinfection on lipid metabolism as one of the cardiovascular risk factors, independent of other risks.Patients and MethodsThirty patients havingH. pyloriinfection and 30 patients without infection were examined for their lipid profile, provided that there is no other risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the patients are not on treatment for dyslipidemia.ResultsNo correlation betweenH. pyloriinfection and dyslipidemia was found.ConclusionInfection withH. pyloriis not related to changes in lipid profile provided that there are no other risk factors for dyslipidemia.
Histological study of the effect of curcumin on indomethacin-induced ileitis in adult male albino rats
Authors: Abd-Elbaky Rana Fayez , Badr Shimaa M , Kandeel Samah , Zamzam Abd-El Moniem F 
Published: May 2024

Background
Ileitis induced by indomethacin represents a well-standardized model in the study of acute and chronic inflammation of the intestine. Curcumin is an orange-yellow component of the herb turmeric. It has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects.

Aim
This work was performed to show the effect of curcumin on indomethacin-induced ileitis in rats using H&E stain.

Materials and methods
Thirty-six mature male albino rats (160–200 g) were used in this study. They were separated into four formain groups; control group: 8 rats, group I: 8 rats that received oral aqueous suspension of curcumin 100 mg/kg daily; group II: 10 rats included subgroups (IIA & IIB): ileitis was induced by subcutaneous injection of two doses of indomethacin; each dose was 7.5 mg/kg separated by 24 hours, the rats were then killed on the 3rd and the 18th day, respectively, and group III: 10 rats included subgroups (IIIA& IIIB): the ileitis group was treated with an oral aqueous suspension of curcumin 100 mg/kg daily and then the rats were killed on the 3rd and 18th day respectively.

Results
Subgroups IIA and IIB revealed sloughing of surface epithelium in the lumen of the intestine, ulceration, a significant decrease of villus height at H&E sections, and inflammatory cellular infiltration. Subgroups IIIA and IIIB showed marked improvement in the pathological changes of induced ileitis.

Conclusion
Curcumin could decrease ileitis induced by indomethacin in rats. So, it could be useful for the treatment of intestinal injury.
Value of biochemical markers in the diagnosis and prediction of severity of acute appendicitis in children: a prospective randomized study
Authors: El-Shennawy Salama , Elkelany Khaled , Abosayed Yehia , Gouda Faisal , Elshami Naser , Seif Ahmed Salah , Allam Heba Khodary , El-shorbagy Safinaz H 
Published: May 2024

Background
Appendectomy is one of the most commonly performed operations. Clinical evaluation of patients with acute appendicitis was the cardinal key point of diagnosis.

Aim
To evaluate the value of serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and suspicion of complication.

Patients and methods
This study was applied on children from 1 to 16 years old, who were diagnosed clinically as having acute appendicitis. Blood samples were collected from all patients for interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBC), and procalcitonin levels. Appendectomy was done for all patients, followed by histopathological examination for all specimens. The patients operated were classified according to the histopathological results.

Results
Over a span of the 12 months, 64 patients between 1 and 16 years old were operated for appendectomy and the positivity was confirmed by histopathology results. The positive group included 57 (89.1%) patients, while seven (10.9%) patients were included in the negative group. The 57 positive cases were subdivided into two groups: 33 (57.9%) cases had complicated appendicitis, while the other 24 (42.1%) cases had simple appendicitis. The values of biochemical markers: CRP, IL-6, procalcitonin, and WBCs, for all patients were assessed comparing the groups together. It was found that these markers were very significant in the differentiation of different groups.

Conclusion
Routine use of biochemical markers WBC, CRP, IL-6, and procalcitonin in children with suspected appendicitis is very helpful to increase the accuracy of diagnosis and to predict complication.