bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
microRNA expression alteration after arsenic trioxide treatment in HepG‐2 cells
Authors: Meng Xian‐Zhi , Zheng Tong‐Sen , Chen Xi , Wang Jia‐Bei , Zhang Wei‐Hui , Pan Shang‐Ha , Jiang Hong‐Chi , Liu Lian‐Xin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  More and more microRNA (miRNA) are found to be involved in tumor genesis and progress. Arsenic trioxide has been an effective chemotherapeutic drug in cancer therapy for many years. In this study, we aimed to find the miRNA involved in the mechanisms of arsenic trioxide treatment in cancer therapy.Methods:  We detected the expression profile of miRNA by miRNA microarray and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability assay, flow cytometry analysis, prediction of miRNA targets, Western blot analysis and luciferase reporter assay were carried out to determine the role of one selected miRNA, namely mir‐29a, in affecting the biological behaviors of HepG‐2 cells.Results:  Among the 677 human miRNA in the microarray, five miRNA were upregulated and four were downregulated in HepG‐2 cells treated with arsenic trioxide compared to their controls. If only changes above two folds were considered, four miRNA were identified, namely miR‐24, miR‐29a, miR‐30a and miR‐210, which were all upregulated. Among them, miR‐29a showed a positive therapeutic effect in liver cancer cells by inhibiting cell growth and inducing cell apoptosis, and PPM1D was confirmed to be the target gene of miR‐29a. Furthermore, a synergy effect was detected between miR‐29a and arsenic trioxide.Conclusions:  Arsenic trioxide altered miRNA expression profile in HepG‐2 cells. Among the altered miRNA, miR‐29a seemed to take a role in the mechanism of arsenic trioxide in liver cancer therapy. The synergy effect between miR‐29a and arsenic trioxide may offer this drug a new chance in cancer therapy by decreasing its dose and toxic side‐effects.
Large‐scale distribution and activity patterns of an extremely low‐light‐adapted population of green sulfur bacteria in the Black Sea
Authors: Marschall Evelyn , Jogler Mareike , Henßge Uta , Overmann Jörg 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThe Black Sea chemocline represents the largest extant habitat of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and harbours a monospecific population of Chlorobium phylotype BS‐1. High‐sensitivity measurements of underwater irradiance and sulfide revealed that the optical properties of the overlying water column were similar across the Black Sea basin, whereas the vertical profiles of sulfide varied strongly between sampling sites and caused a dome‐shaped three‐dimensional distribution of the green sulfur bacteria. In the centres of the western and eastern basins the population of BS‐1 reached upward to depths of 80 and 95 m, respectively, but were detected only at 145 m depth close to the shelf. Using highly concentrated chemocline samples from the centres of the western and eastern basins, the cells were found to be capable of anoxygenic photosynthesis under in situ light conditions and exhibited a photosynthesis–irradiance curve similar to low‐light‐adapted laboratory cultures of Chlorobium BS‐1. Application of a highly specific RT‐qPCR method which targets the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rrn operon of BS‐1 demonstrated that only cells at the central station are physiologically active in contrast to those at the Black Sea periphery. Based on the detection of ITS‐DNA sequences in the flocculent surface layer of deep‐sea sediments across the Black Sea, the population of BS‐1 has occupied the major part of the basin for the last decade. The continued presence of intact but non‐growing BS‐1 cells at the periphery of the Black Sea indicates that the cells can survive long‐distant transport and exhibit unusually low maintenance energy requirements. According to laboratory measurements, Chlorobium BS‐1 has a maintenance energy requirement of ∼1.6–4.9·10−15 kJ cell−1 day−1 which is the lowest value determined for any bacterial culture so far. Chlorobium BS‐1 thus is particularly well adapted to survival under the extreme low‐light conditions of the Black Sea, and can be used as a laboratory model to elucidate general cellular mechanisms of long‐term starvation survival. Because of its adaptation to extreme low‐light marine environments, Chlorobium BS‐1 also represents a suitable indicator for palaeoceanography studies of deep photic zone anoxia in ancient oceans.
Docetaxel reintroduction in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant docetaxel‐sensitive prostate cancer: a retrospective multicentre study
Authors: Eymard Jean‐Christophe , Oudard Stéphane , Gravis Gwenaelle , Ferrero Jean‐Marc , Theodore Christine , Joly Florence , Priou Frank , Krakowski Ivan , Zannetti Alain , Thill Laurence , Beuzeboc Philippe 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVETo investigate the potential benefit of reintroducing docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with progressive metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who had initially responded to first‐line docetaxel‐based regimen.PATIENTS AND METHODSRecords were evaluated retrospectively from French patients with mCRPC who had been included in seven controlled clinical studies of docetaxel as first‐line treatment. We identified patients who were confirmed as responders to first‐line treatment, discontinued for reasons other than disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, and who received further docetaxel chemotherapy for disease progression. The primary objective was to assess efficacy in terms of the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response after resuming a docetaxel‐based chemotherapy. Secondary objectives were overall survival and tolerance.RESULTSOf the 148 patients who responded to first‐line docetaxel, 50 received further therapy with docetaxel and were analysed. The median (range) response duration to first‐line docetaxel was 10.3 (4.6–45.7) months and the median docetaxel‐free interval was 18.4 (5.0–46.7) months. Docetaxel was reintroduced as second‐line therapy in 52% of patients and as further lines in 48%. After docetaxel reintroduction, 24 patients (48%) had a 50% decrease in PSA level (95% confidence interval, CI, 34.1–61.8%). The median (95% CI) overall survival from docetaxel reintroduction was 16 (13–20) months. Re‐treatment was well tolerated (6% of grade 3–4 haemotoxicity).CONCLUSIONDocetaxel reintroduction appears to be effective, with favourable tolerance profiles, in patients with mCRPC having responded to first‐line docetaxel, and should be prospectively assessed in clinical trials against alternative therapies or investigational agents given alone or in combination, to define further management.
Does a Family‐controlled Firm Perform Better in Corporate Venturing?
Authors: Wong Ying‐Jiuan , Chang Shao‐Chi , Chen Li‐Yu 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTManuscript Type: EmpiricalResearch Question/Issue: Family control involves issues of agency costs and nepotism. This study investigated the impacts of family control on stock market reactions to corporate venturing announcements by public firms. Moreover, in this paper we examined whether the monitoring effect of institutional investors influenced the relationship between family control and stock market reactions.Research Findings/Insights: In terms of research findings/results, with different measures of family control, the evidence indicated that family control is significantly and negatively associated with the abnormal returns of corporate venturing announcements. Furthermore, we found that the divergence of cash flow and voting rights had a strong negative impact on abnormal returns. Finally, the empirical results suggested that institutional ownership had a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship of family control and stock market reactions.Theoretical/Academic Implications: Prior research focused on the influence of private family firms on venturing activities. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the unique characteristics of family control in public firms. This research suggests that nepotism embedded in public family firms is likely to create agency costs resulting from deviations in cash flow and voting rights. This study further shows that institutional ownership plays an important role in reducing agency costs associated with public family firms.Practitioner/Policy Implications: Our findings suggest that family control is an important consideration for investors in evaluating the wealth impacts of corporate venturing. Therefore, a well‐established governance system could be a crucial signal of the quality of corporate venturing for family businesses, particularly the outside governance mechanism.
Leave Truth Alone: On Deflationism and Contextualism
Authors: Whiting Daniel 
Published: March 2010

Abstract: According to deflationism, grasp of the concept of truth consists in nothing more than a disposition to accept a priori (non‐paradoxical) instances of the schema:(DS) It is true that p if and only if p.According to contextualism, the same expression with the same meaning might, on different occasions of use, express different propositions bearing different truth‐conditions (where this does not result from indexicality and the like). On this view, what is expressed in an utterance depends in a non‐negligible way on the circumstances. Charles Travis claims that contextualism shows that ‘deflationism is a mistake’, that truth is a more substantive notion than deflationism allows. In this paper, I examine Travis's arguments in support of this ‘inflationary’ claim and argue that they are unsuccessful.
Dysautonomia after severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Hendricks H. T. , Heeren A. H. , Vos P. E. 
Published: March 2010

Background:  Dysautonomia after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by episodes of increased heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, blood pressure, muscle tone, decorticate or decerebrate posturing, and profuse sweating. This study addresses the incidence of dysautonomia after severe TBI, the clinical variables that are associated with dysautonomia, and the functional outcome of patients with dysautonomia.Methods:  A historic cohort study in patients with severe TBI [Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤ 8 on admission].Results:  Seventy‐six of 119 patients survived and were eligible for follow‐up. The incidence of dysautonomia was 11.8%. Episodes of dysautonomia were prevalent during a mean period of 20.1 days (range 3–68) and were often initiated by discomfort. Patients with dysautonomia showed significant longer periods of coma (24.78 vs. 7.99 days) and mechanical ventilation (22.67 vs. 7.21 days). Dysautonomia was associated with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) [relative risk (RR) 20.83, CI 4.92–83.33] and the development of spasticity (RR 16.94, CI 3.96–71.42). Patients with dysautonomia experienced more secondary complications. They tended to have poorer outcome.Conclusions:  Dysautonomia occurs in approximately 10% of patients surviving severe TBI and is associated with DAI and the development of spasticity at follow‐up. The initiation of dysautonomia by discomfort supports the Excitatory: Inhibitory Ratio model as pathophysiological mechanism.
The challenges experienced by Iranian war veterans living with chemical warfare poisoning: a descriptive, exploratory study
Authors: Hassankhani Hadi , Taleghani Fariba , Mills Jane , Birks Melanie , Francis Karen , Ahmadi Fazlolah 
Published: March 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2010; 24; 290–298

The challenges experienced by Iranian war veterans living with chemical warfare poisoning: a descriptive, exploratory study This exploratory, descriptive study investigates the experiences of Iranian war veterans living with chronic disease acquired as a result of chemical warfare. Sulphur mustard (SM) is considered one of the most important agents of chemical warfare and was widely used during the Iran–Iraq conflict in 1980–1988. There are approximately 100 000 Iranian SM casualties who suffer from serious long‐term progressive health problems involving their respiratory organs, eyes and skin. Seventeen male Iranian war veterans aged between 30 and 59 years and four victims’ family members participated in the study. Data was generated during individual in‐depth interviews that used open‐ended questions. Grounded theory techniques, including the constant comparative method of concurrent data generation and analysis, were employed in the analysis of data. Preliminary results indicate two main thematic categories: social isolation and physical disability. It is argued that a lack of knowledge about the outcomes of SM poisoning, physical restrictions and difficulty in adjusting socially decreases war veterans’ functional capacity and levels of independence.
Two cases of frontotemporal dementia with predominant temporal lobe atrophy
Authors: SHIMIZU Hideaki , HOKOISHI Kazuhiko , FUKUHARA Ryuji , KOMORI Kenjiro , IKEDA Manabu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a subtype of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, which also includes semantic dementia (SD) and progressive non‐fluent aphasia. Frontotemporal dementia is characterized by changes in personality and behavioral abnormalities, generally associated with predominant frontal lobe atrophy. Conversely, SD is typically characterized by Gogi (word meaning) aphasia based on semantic memory impairment and is associated with predominant temporal lobe atrophy. However, in the present cases, we diagnosed FTD on the basis of clinical symptoms, such as disinhibition, indifference, and stereotypy, without semantic memory impairment, even though neuroimaging showed predominant temporal lobe atrophy. We suggest that clinical symptoms are the most important cues for an accurate clinical diagnosis and there is no exclusive relationship between the syndrome and atrophy of the temporal lobes.
Management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in long‐term care facilities in Japan
Authors: KUTSUMI Masami , ITO Mikiko , SUGIURA Keiko , TERABE Masahiro , MIKAMI Hiroshi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:  An increasing number of old people, and their medical requirements, cannot be managed by their families in their homes, which has been the traditional and prevalent practice in Japan. The number of people with dementia is increasing and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) make care difficult. In the present study, we investigated management techniques for BPSD in long‐term care facilities in Japan by using the data mining method, which looks at the reported behaviors of care providers.Methods:  First, interviews were conducted with 15 care providers to develop items for a questionnaire. These data were analyzed qualitatively and synthesized with criteria from the professional literature. The resulting self‐report questionnaire on techniques used to manage different symptoms of dementia was completed by 275 care providers. We applied the association rule as a data mining method examining 15 management techniques related to 13 BPSD.Results:  Analysis identified four types of management techniques: (i) emotional and behavior‐concordance techniques; (ii) acceptance and supportive techniques; (iii) restraining techniques; and (iv) avoidance techniques. Different management techniques, and combinations of techniques, were found to vary in use and effectiveness with different BPSD.Conclusions:  Good management techniques for many BPSD have been developed and are being implemented by care providers. The present study has the potential to inform researchers and care providers in Japan about the types of management techniques in current use, as well as areas of potential need for staff training.
Mentoring in the management of hematological malignancies
Authors: UNDERHILL Craig , KOSCHEL Alison , SZER Jeffrey , STEER Christopher , CLARKE Kerrie , GRIGG Andrew , JUNEJA Surender , STELLA Damien , FRANCIS Heather , JOSSELYN Kathryn 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  The Mentoring in Management of Haematological Malignancies (MMHM) project aimed to improve treatment outcomes, coordinate care and provide best practice for patients with hematological cancers, by developing a program of mentoring and multidisciplinary care between a regional and a metropolitan centre.Methods:  A regular multidisciplinary meeting conducted by teleconference was established between a tertiary metropolitan site and a regional practice to discuss cases of patients with hematological malignancies. Information from multidisciplinary team meetings was recorded to capture adherence to process and clinician outcomes. An educational program was developed. A gap analysis was performed to identify differences in routine practice between the two centers. Clinician satisfaction with mentoring and educational interventions was assessed by structured survey.Results:  The MMHM project developed a formal mentoring system to improve the management of patients by building on established links and developing an innovative model of web‐based multidisciplinary care. The project established a novel multidisciplinary meeting between a metropolitan and regional site. Common treatment policies were adopted between the two sites. Development of an educational framework and mentoring for health‐care professionals in regional areas was achieved by tutorials and workshops. Most participating clinicians indicated their high level of satisfaction with the mentoring project.Conclusion:  The MMHM project was a successful pilot of a mentoring program in hematological cancers between metropolitan and regional centers that resulted in improved referral links, facilitated better care coordination, updated treatment policies and guidelines and increased clinician satisfaction and knowledge.
Microglia‐Derived Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Promotes Generation of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Astrocytes in the Periventricular White Matter in the Hypoxic Neonatal Brain
Authors: Deng Yi Yu , Lu Jia , Ling Eng‐Ang , Kaur Charanjit 
Published: March 2010

AbstractInflammation in the periventricular white matter (PWM) of hypoxic neonatal brain causes myelination disturbances. In this connection, macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) has been reported to regulate release of proinflammatory cytokines that may be linked to PWM damage. We sought to determine if M‐CSF derived from amoeboid microglial cells (AMC) would promote proinflammatory cytokine production by astrocytes in the PWM following hypoxic exposure, and, if so, whether it is associated with axon degeneration and myelination disturbances. In 1‐day hypoxic rats, expression of M‐CSF was upregulated in AMC. This was coupled with increased expression of CSF‐1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in astrocytes, and TNF‐receptor 1 and IL‐receptor 1 on the axons. Neurofilament‐200 immunopositive axons and myelin basic protein immunopositive processes appeared to undergo disruption in 14‐days hypoxic rats. By electron microscopy, some axons showed degenerative changes affecting the microtubules and myelin sheath. Primary cultured microglial cells subjected to hypoxia showed enhanced release of M‐CSF. Remarkably, primary cultured astrocytes treated with conditioned‐medium derived from hypoxic microglia or M‐CSF exhibited increased production of TNF‐α and IL‐1β. Our results suggest that AMC‐derived M‐CSF promotes astrocytes to generate proinflammatory cytokines, which may be involved in axonal damage following a hypoxic insult.
Multilocus species identification and fungal DNA barcoding: insights from blue stain fungal symbionts of the mountain pine beetle
Authors: ROE AMANDA D. , RICE ADRIANNE V. , BROMILOW SEAN E. , COOKE JANICE E. K. , SPERLING FELIX A. H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThere is strong community‐wide interest in applying molecular techniques to fungal species delimitation and identification, but selection of a standardized region or regions of the genome has not been finalized. A single marker, the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region, has frequently been suggested as the standard for fungi. We used a group of closely related blue stain fungi associated with the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) to examine the success of such single‐locus species identification, comparing the internal transcribed spacer with four other nuclear markers. We demonstrate that single loci varied in their utility for identifying the six fungal species examined, while use of multiple loci was consistently successful. In a literature survey of 21 similar studies, individual loci were also highly variable in their ability to provide consistent species identifications and were less successful than multilocus diagnostics. Accurate species identification is the essence of any molecular diagnostic system, and this consideration should be central to locus selection. Moreover, our study and the literature survey demonstrate the value of using closely related species as the proving ground for developing a molecular identification system. We advocate use of a multilocus barcode approach that is similar to the practice employed by the plant barcode community, rather than reliance on a single locus.
Attenuation of Colistin Bactericidal Activity by High Inoculum ofPseudomonas aeruginosaCharacterized by a New Mechanism-Based Population Pharmacodynamic Model
Authors: Bulitta Jürgen B. , Yang Jenny C. , Yohonn Liliana , Ly Neang S. , Brown Silvia V. , D'Hondt Rebecca E. , Jusko William J. , Forrest Alan , Tsuji Brian T. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTColistin is increasingly being utilized against Gram-negative pathogens, includingPseudomonas aeruginosa, resistant to all other antibiotics. Since limited data exist regarding killing by colistin at different initial inocula (CFUo), we evaluated killing ofPseudomonas aeruginosaby colistin at several CFUo and developed a mechanism-based mathematical model accommodating a range of CFUo.In vitrotime-kill experiments were performed using ≥8 concentrations up to 64 × the MIC of colistin againstP. aeruginosaPAO1 and two clinicalP. aeruginosaisolates at CFUo of 106, 108, and 109CFU/ml. Serial samples up to 24 h were simultaneously modeled in the NONMEM VI (results shown) and S-ADAPT software programs. The mathematical model was prospectively “validated” by additional time-kill studies assessing the effect of Ca2+and Mg2+on killing of PAO1 by colistin. Against PAO1, killing of the susceptible population was 23-fold slower at the 109CFUo and 6-fold slower at the 108CFUo than at the 106CFUo. The model comprised three populations with different second-order killing rate constants (5.72, 0.369, and 0.00210 liters/h/mg). Bacteria were assumed to release signal molecules stimulating a phenotypic change that inhibits killing. The proposed mechanism-based model had a good predictive performance, could describe killing by colistin for all three studied strains and for two literature studies, and performed well in a prospective validation with various concentrations of Ca2+and Mg2+. The extent and rate of killing ofP. aeruginosaby colistin were markedly decreased at high CFUo compared to those at low CFUo. This was well described by a mechanism-based mathematical model, which should be further validated using dynamicin vitromodels.
Complete Nucleotide Sequence and Comparative Analysis of pPR9, a 41.7-Kilobase Conjugative Staphylococcal Multiresistance Plasmid Conferring High-Level Mupirocin Resistance
Authors: Pérez-Roth Eduardo , Kwong Stephen M. , Alcoba-Florez Julia , Firth Neville , Méndez-Álvarez Sebastián 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

We have sequenced the conjugative plasmid pPR9, which carries the
ileS2
gene, which had contributed to the dissemination of high-level mupirocin resistance at our institution. The plasmid backbone shows extensive genetic conservation with plasmids belonging to the pSK41/pGO1 family, but comparative analyses have revealed key differences that provide important insights into the evolution of these medically important plasmids and high-level mupirocin resistance in staphylococci and highlight the role of insertion sequence IS
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in these processes.