bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Profiling during Peach Fruit Development and Ripening Reveals the Metabolic Networks That Underpin Each Developmental Stage
Authors: Lombardo Verónica A. , Osorio Sonia , Borsani Julia , Lauxmann Martin A. , Bustamante Claudia A. , Budde Claudio O. , Andreo Carlos S. , Lara María V. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Drincovich María F. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Fruit from rosaceous species collectively display a great variety of flavors and textures as well as a generally high content of nutritionally beneficial metabolites. However, relatively little analysis of metabolic networks in rosaceous fruit has been reported. Among rosaceous species, peach (Prunus persica) has stone fruits composed of a juicy mesocarp and lignified endocarp. Here, peach mesocarp metabolic networks were studied across development using metabolomics and analysis of key regulatory enzymes. Principal component analysis of peach metabolic composition revealed clear metabolic shifts from early through late development stages and subsequently during postharvest ripening. Early developmental stages were characterized by a substantial decrease in protein abundance and high levels of bioactive polyphenols and amino acids, which are substrates for the phenylpropanoid and lignin pathways during stone hardening. Sucrose levels showed a large increase during development, reflecting translocation from the leaf, while the importance of galactinol and raffinose is also inferred. Our study further suggests that posttranscriptional mechanisms are key for metabolic regulation at early stages. In contrast to early developmental stages, a decrease in amino acid levels is coupled to an induction of transcripts encoding amino acid and organic acid catabolic enzymes during ripening. These data are consistent with the mobilization of amino acids to support respiration. In addition, sucrose cycling, suggested by the parallel increase of transcripts encoding sucrose degradative and synthetic enzymes, appears to operate during postharvest ripening. When taken together, these data highlight singular metabolic programs for peach development and may allow the identification of key factors related to agronomic traits of this important crop species.
Analysis of the mating‐type loci of co‐occurring and phylogenetically related species of Ascochyta and Phoma
Authors: WOUDENBERG JOYCE H. C. , DE GRUYTER JOHANNES , CROUS PEDRO W. , ZWIERS LUTE‐HARM 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYAscochyta and Phoma are fungal genera containing several important plant pathogenic species. These genera are morphologically similar, and recent molecular studies performed to unravel their phylogeny have resulted in the establishment of several new genera within the newly erected Didymellaceae family. An analysis of the structure of fungal mating‐type genes can contribute to a better understanding of the taxonomic relationships of these plant pathogens, and may shed some light on their evolution and on differences in sexual strategy and pathogenicity. We analysed the mating‐type loci of phylogenetically closely related Ascochyta and Phoma species (Phoma clematidina, Didymella vitalbina, Didymella clematidis, Peyronellaea pinodes and Peyronellaea pinodella) that co‐occur on the same hosts, either on Clematis or Pisum. The results confirm that the mating‐type genes provide the information to distinguish between the homothallic Pey. pinodes (formerly Ascochyta pinodes) and the heterothallic Pey. pinodella (formerly Phoma pinodella), and indicate the close phylogenetic relationship between these two species that are part of the disease complex responsible for Ascochyta blight on pea. Furthermore, our analysis of the mating‐type genes of the fungal species responsible for causing wilt of Clematis sp. revealed that the heterothallic D. vitalbina (Phoma anamorph) is more closely related to the homothallic D. clematidis (Ascochyta anamorph) than to the heterothallic P. clematidina. Finally, our results indicate that homothallism in D. clematidis resulted from a single crossover between MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2 sequences of heterothallic ancestors, whereas a single crossover event followed by an inversion of a fused MAT1/2 locus resulted in homothallism in Pey. pinodes.
Top 10 plant viruses in molecular plant pathology
Authors: SCHOLTHOF KAREN‐BETH G. , ADKINS SCOTT , CZOSNEK HENRYK , PALUKAITIS PETER , JACQUOT EMMANUEL , HOHN THOMAS , HOHN BARBARA , SAUNDERS KEITH , CANDRESSE THIERRY , AHLQUIST PAUL , HEMENWAY CYNTHIA , FOSTER GARY D. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYMany scientists, if not all, feel that their particular plant virus should appear in any list of the most important plant viruses. However, to our knowledge, no such list exists. The aim of this review was to survey all plant virologists with an association with Molecular Plant Pathology and ask them to nominate which plant viruses they would place in a ‘Top 10’ based on scientific/economic importance. The survey generated more than 250 votes from the international community, and allowed the generation of a Top 10 plant virus list for Molecular Plant Pathology. The Top 10 list includes, in rank order, (1) Tobacco mosaic virus, (2) Tomato spotted wilt virus, (3) Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, (4) Cucumber mosaic virus, (5) Potato virus Y, (6) Cauliflower mosaic virus, (7) African cassava mosaic virus, (8) Plum pox virus, (9) Brome mosaic virus and (10) Potato virus X, with honourable mentions for viruses just missing out on the Top 10, including Citrus tristeza virus, Barley yellow dwarf virus, Potato leafroll virus and Tomato bushy stunt virus. This review article presents a short review on each virus of the Top 10 list and its importance, with the intent of initiating discussion and debate amongst the plant virology community, as well as laying down a benchmark, as it will be interesting to see in future years how perceptions change and which viruses enter and leave the Top 10.
The velvet gene, FgVe1, affects fungal development and positively regulates trichothecene biosynthesis and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: MERHEJ JAWAD , URBAN MARTIN , DUFRESNE MARIE , HAMMOND‐KOSACK KIM E. , RICHARD‐FORGET FLORENCE , BARREAU CHRISTIAN 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYTrichothecenes are a group of toxic secondary metabolites produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph: Gibberella zeae) during the infection of crop plants, including wheat, maize, barley, oats, rye and rice. Some fungal genes involved in trichothecene biosynthesis have been shown to encode regulatory proteins. However, the global regulation of toxin biosynthesis is still enigmatic. In addition to the production of secondary metabolites belonging to the trichothecene family, F. graminearum produces the red pigment aurofusarin. The gene regulation underlying the production of aurofusarin is not well understood. The velvet gene (veA) is conserved in various genera of filamentous fungi. Recently, the veA gene from Aspergillus nidulans has been shown to be the key component of the velvet complex regulating development and secondary metabolism. Using blast analyses, we identified the velvet gene from F. graminearum, FgVe1. Disruption of FgVe1 causes several phenotypic effects. However, the complementation of this mutant with the FgVe1 gene restores the wild‐type phenotypes. The in vitro phenotypes include hyperbranching of the mycelium, suppression of aerial hyphae formation, reduced hydrophobicity of the mycelium and highly reduced sporulation. Our data also show that FgVe1 modulates the production of the aurofusarin pigment and is essential for the expression of Tri genes and the production of trichothecenes. Pathogenicity studies performed on flowering wheat plants indicate that FgVe1 is a positive regulator of virulence in F. graminearum.
The accuracy of transoesophageal echocardiography in estimating pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in anaesthetised patients
Authors: Ali M. M. , Royse A. G. , Connelly K. , Royse C. F. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe objective of this study was to identify whether pulmonary capillary wedge pressure can be estimated in anaesthetised patients receiving mechanical ventilation, using transoesophageal echocardiography. A retrospective validation study investigated a 10‐patient cohort with variable haemodynamic conditions, and a 102‐patient series in which a single measurement was made during stable haemodynamic conditions. Concurrent echocardiographic Doppler and pulmonary artery catheter wedge pressure measurements were performed. In the 10‐patient cohort, the systolic fraction of Doppler measurements in the pulmonary vein (r = −0.32, p = 0.035) and the E/A ratio (r = 0.56, p = 0.0009) were correlated with the wedge pressure. In all cases, the limits of agreement exceeded 10 mmHg, and sensitivity or specificity for detecting wedge pressure ≥ 15 mmHg was poor. This study demonstrates proof of concept that using transoesophageal echocardiography for estimating the pulmonary artery wedge pressure may not be sufficiently accurate for clinical use.
Palaeogeography and diachronous infill of an ancient deep‐marine foreland basin, Upper Cretaceous Cerro Toro Formation, Magallanes Basin
Authors: Bernhardt Anne , Jobe Zane R. , Grove Marty , Lowe Donald R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe details of how narrow, orogen‐parallel ocean basins are filled with sediment by large axial submarine channels is important to understand because these depositional systems commonly form in through‐like basins in various tectonic settings. The Magallanes foreland basin is an excellent location to study an orogen‐parallel deep‐marine system. Conglomerate lenses of the Upper Cretaceous Cerro Toro Formation have been previously interpreted to represent the fill of a single submarine channel (4–8 km wide, >100 km long) that funneled coarse detritus southward along the basin axis. This interpretation was based on lithologic correlations. New U/Pb dating of zircons from volcanic ashes and sandstones, coupled with strontium isotope stratigraphy, refine the controls on depositional ages and provenance. Results demonstrate that north‐south oriented conglomerate lenses are contemporaneous within error limits (ca. 84–82 Ma) supporting that they represent parts of an axial channel belt. Channel deposits 20 km west of the axial location are 87–82 Ma in age. These channels are partly contemporaneous with the ones within the axial channel belt, making it likely that they represent feeders to the axial channel system. The northern Cerro Toro Formation spans a Turonian to Campanian interval (ca. 90–82 Ma) whereas the formation top, 70 km to the south, is as young as ca. 76 Ma. Kolmogorov–Smirnoff statistical analysis on detrital zircon age distributions shows that the northern uppermost Cerro Toro Formation yields a statistically different age distribution than other samples from the same formation but shows no difference relative to the overlying Tres Pasos Formation. These results suggest the partly coeval deposition of both formations. Integration of previously acquired geochronologic and stratigraphic data with new data show a pronounced southward younging pattern in all four marine formations in the Magallanes Basin. Highly diachronous infilling may be an important depositional pattern for narrow, orogen‐parallel ocean basins.
CD22 Exon 12 deletion is a characteristic genetic defect of therapy‐refractory clones in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Ma Hong , Qazi Sanjive , Ozer Zahide , Gaynon Paul , Reaman Gregory H. , Uckun Fatih M. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryGene expression profiling (GEP) of primary leukaemic cells (PLC) from 157 paediatric B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients, including a direct comparison of matched pair initial diagnosis versus first relapse leukaemic specimens, provided previously unknown evidence that relapse clones are characterized by significantly higher expression levels of a CD22 exon 12 deletion (CD22ΔE12)‐associated signature transcriptome than the PLC from newly diagnosed patients. In agreement with and validating these GEP results, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis of PLC from 19 of 19 paediatric ALL patients in first bone marrow relapse occurring within 12 months of the completion of primary therapy confirmed them to be CD22ΔE12+. Likewise, PLC in diagnostic initial bone marrow specimens from seven of seven therapy‐refractory newly diagnosed paediatric B‐lineage ALL patients with <7 months event‐free survival (EFS), including four patients with induction failures and three patients with early relapses, were CD22ΔE12+, whereas PLC from only one of five newly diagnosed paediatric B‐lineage ALL patients with >18 months EFS was CD22ΔE12+. CD22ΔE12+ could be detected in PLC of therapy‐refractory patients both at the time of initial diagnosis as well as at the time of documented treatment failure. Our study implicates the CD22ΔE12 genetic defect in the aggressive biology of relapsed or therapy‐refractory paediatric B‐lineage ALL.
Developmental screening in context: adaptation and standardization of the Denver Developmental Screening Test‐II (DDST‐II) for Sri Lankan children
Authors: Wijedasa D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground Developmental problems in children can be alleviated to a great extent with early detection and intervention through periodic screening for developmental delays during pre‐school ages. Currently, there is no established system for developmental screening of children in Sri Lanka. Although some developmental norms, which are similar to those of Denver Developmental Screening Test‐II (DDST‐II), have been introduced into the Sri Lankan Child Health Developmental Record (CHDR), those norms have not been standardized to the Sri Lankan child population. The aim of this research was to establish Sri Lankan norms for DDST‐II and to test the universal and regional applicability of developmental screening tests by comparing the Sri Lankan norms with the norms of DDST‐II and DDST‐Singapore norms, the geographically nearest standardization of DDST‐II. The norms were also compared with the milestones already available in the CHDR.Methods DDST‐II was adapted and standardized on a sample of 4251 Sri Lankan children aged 0–80 months. Thirteen public health nursing sisters were trained to collect the data as part of their routine work. The 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentile ages of acquiring each developmental milestone were then calculated using logistic regression.Results The Denver Developmental Screening Test for Sri Lankan Children (DDST‐SL) was created. Most of the established DDST‐SL norms were different to the comparable norms in DDST‐II, DDST‐Singapore and the CHDR.Conclusions In view of the results of the study, it is imperative that developmental screening tests are used in context and are adapted and standardized to the populations in question before utilization.
Acclimation to ocean acidification during long‐term CO2 exposure in the cold‐water coral Lophelia pertusa
Authors: Form Armin U. , Riebesell Ulf 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOcean acidity has increased by 30% since preindustrial times due to the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 and is projected to rise by another 120% before 2100 if CO2 emissions continue at current rates. Ocean acidification is expected to have wide‐ranging impacts on marine life, including reduced growth and net erosion of coral reefs. Our present understanding of the impacts of ocean acidification on marine life, however, relies heavily on results from short‐term CO2 perturbation studies. Here, we present results from the first long‐term CO2 perturbation study on the dominant reef‐building cold‐water coral Lophelia pertusa and relate them to results from a short‐term study to compare the effect of exposure time on the coral's responses. Short‐term (1 week) high CO2 exposure resulted in a decline of calcification by 26–29% for a pH decrease of 0.1 units and net dissolution of calcium carbonate. In contrast, L. pertusa was capable to acclimate to acidified conditions in long‐term (6 months) incubations, leading to even slightly enhanced rates of calcification. Net growth is sustained even in waters sub‐saturated with respect to aragonite. Acclimation to seawater acidification did not cause a measurable increase in metabolic rates. This is the first evidence of successful acclimation in a coral species to ocean acidification, emphasizing the general need for long‐term incubations in ocean acidification research. To conclude on the sensitivity of cold‐water coral reefs to future ocean acidification further ecophysiological studies are necessary which should also encompass the role of food availability and rising temperatures.
The effect of sowing date and nitrogen on the dry‐matter yield and nitrogen content of forage rape (Brassica napus L.) and stubble turnips (Brassica rapa L.) in Ireland
Authors: Keogh B. , McGrath T. , Grant J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo field experiments were conducted at Teagasc, Moorepark, Ireland, to determine the effect of sowing date and nitrogen application on the dry‐matter (DM) yield and crude protein (CP) content of forage rape and stubble turnips. The first experiment consisted of three sowing dates (1 August, 15 August and 31 August) with four rates of fertilizer N (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha−1) on forage rape DM yields. The second experiment consisted of three sowing dates (1 August, 15 August and 31 August) with four rates of fertilizer N (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha−1) over two soil sites (fertile or nitrogen depleted) on forage rape and stubble turnip DM yields. A delay in sowing from 1 to 31 August characterized a 74·5% decrease in forage rape DM yield, while stubble turnip DM yield decreased by 55·5%. Forage rape DM yields increased positively up to 120 kg N ha−1 at the first two sowing dates over both sites. In contrast, stubble turnips showed less response beyond 40 kg N ha−1 on site 1 in the first two sowing dates, while DM yield increased positively up to 120 kg N ha−1 on the less fertile site. The results indicate that the optimal sowing time for forage rape and a stubble turnip in Ireland was early August.
People’s experiences of the impact of transient ischaemic attack and its consequences: qualitative study
Authors: Gibson Josephine , Watkins Caroline 
Published: October 2011

gibson j. & watkins c. (2011) People’s experiences of the impact of transient ischaemic attack and its consequences: qualitative study. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(6), 1707–1715.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study of how people’s experiences of transient ischaemic attack affect their perception of their health and their uptake of health maintenance measures.Background.  Transient ischaemic attack is a well‐recognized warning sign of subsequent stroke, but early diagnosis and management of risk factors can substantially reduce this risk. Even though the physical effects of a transient ischaemic attack are transient, it is known to negatively affect quality of life. However, no qualitative studies have explored the impact of transient ischaemic attack on people’s everyday lives.Methods.  Sixteen participants were recruited from a vascular surgery clinic in a district general hospital in North West England. All had a recent transient ischaemic attack. A qualitative grounded theory study using detailed interviews (n = 21) was conducted.Findings.  Participants experienced conflict between acknowledgement of the transient ischaemic attack as a significant illness episode with implications for their long‐term health, and denial of its seriousness. Although they often ignored the initial signs, participants also experienced fear due to increased awareness of their risk of stroke. Often, they believed that they were having a permanent stroke. Many participants were prompted to seek medical advice by a family member or acquaintance. Having a transient ischaemic attack negatively changed their perception of their health and their quality of life, but some also viewed it as a positive event that had warned of their stroke risk and enabled them to take up health maintenance measures.Conclusions.  Having a transient ischaemic attack permanently changes people’s quality of life and their perception of their health, despite the transience of the symptoms. The ability of people to make positive health changes after a transient ischaemic attack to some extent ameliorates the negative effects of being aware of their heightened stroke risk. Their appreciation of their quality of life may also be enhanced. The transience of the symptoms and lack of knowledge of transient ischaemic attacks lead to delays in seeking medical advice.
Lack of regeneration and climatic vulnerability to fire of Scots pine may induce vegetation shifts at the southern edge of its distribution
Authors: Vilà‐Cabrera Albert , Rodrigo Anselm , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , Retana Javier 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim  Forest ecosystems dominated by fire‐sensitive species could suffer shifts in composition under altered crown fire regimes mediated by climate change. The aims of this study were to: (1) study the spatio‐temporal patterns and the climatic distribution of fires in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests during the last 31 years in north‐eastern Spain, (2) evaluate the climatic vulnerability to fire of these forests in Spain, (3) analyse the regeneration of Scots pine after fire, and (4) predict the mid‐term maintenance or replacement of Scots pine in burned areas.Location  Catalonia (north‐eastern Spain): the southern distribution limit of Scots pine.Methods  We characterized the spatio‐temporal and the climatic distribution of fires that occurred in Catalonia between 1979 and 2009. We used a generalized linear model to characterize the climatic vulnerability to fire of Scots pine in the whole of Spain. We assessed the regeneration of the species after crown fires in nine burned areas in Catalonia. The resulting data were integrated into a stochastic matrix model to predict the mid‐term maintenance or replacement of Scots pine in burned areas.Results  During the last three decades, Scots pine forests distributed in dry sites were most affected by fire. Our assessment of the vulnerability to fire of Scots pine forests in Spain as a whole, based on climatic and topographical variables, showed that 32% of these forests are vulnerable to fire, and that this proportion could increase to 66% under a conservative climate change scenario. Field data showed almost no regeneration of Scots pine after crown fires, and a limited capacity to recolonize from unburned edges, even in relatively old fires, with 90% of recruits located in the first 25 m from the edge. This process could be delayed by the elapsed time for new recruits to achieve reproductive maturity, which we estimated to be c. 15 years. Finally, our matrix model predicted the replacement of burned Scots pine forests by oak (Quercus sp.) forests, shrublands or mixed resprouter forests.Main conclusions  Increased vulnerability to fire of Scots pine forests under future, warmer conditions may result in vegetation shifts at the southern edge of the distribution of the species.