bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidants Counteract Nicotine and Promote Migration via RacGTP in Oral Fibroblast Cells
Authors: San Miguel Symone M. , Opperman Lynne A. , Allen Edward P. , Zielinski Jan , Svoboda Kathy K.H. 
Published: July 2010

Background: Smoking is associated with an increased risk of oral health and dental problems. The aim of this study is to address the hypothesis that nicotine impairs wound healing by increasing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting cell migration, and antioxidants (AOs) may counteract nicotine effects.Methods: Primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and human periodontal ligament (HPDL) fibroblasts were grown to confluence, pretreated with 6 mM nicotine for 2 hours, and treated with AOs in the presence of nicotine. The pure AO compounds ferulic acid (F), phloretin (P), tetrahydrocurcuminoid Cockroft Gault (T), and resveratrol (R) were tested in single, double, or triple combinations (10−5 M). The migratory behavior at a scratch‐wound edge was recorded every 15 minutes for 10 hours by using live‐cell imaging. The active form of the Rho‐associated protein (Rac) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) (RacGTP) was immunolabeled and analyzed using confocal microscopy.Results: Combinations of double and triple AOs had a greater effect than single AOs on migration rates and Rac activation. The triple combinations PFR and RFT clearly and unambiguously counteracted the effects of nicotine and significantly increased migration rates in HGF and HPDL fibroblast.Conclusions: Treatment with AO combinations clearly counteracted the effects of nicotine by restoring and increasing cell‐migration rates. We found the combination of PFR was the most effective in HGFs, whereas, RFT was the most effective combination in HPDL fibroblast. These results clearly demonstrate that PF, RFT, and PFR counteract the negative effects of nicotine on cultured oral fibroblasts via the RacGTP signal‐transduction pathway.
Screening for Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes With Proposed A1C-Based Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Olson Darin E. , Rhee Mary K. , Herrick Kirsten , Ziemer David C. , Twombly Jennifer G. , Phillips Lawrence S. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE
An International Expert Committee (IEC) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) proposed diagnostic criteria for diabetes and pre-diabetes based on A1C levels. We hypothesized that screening for diabetes and pre-diabetes with A1C measurements would differ from using oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We compared pre-diabetes, dysglycemia (diabetes or pre-diabetes), and diabetes identified by the proposed criteria (A1C ≥6.5% for diabetes and 6.0–6.4% [IEC] or 5.7–6.4% [ADA] for high risk/pre-diabetes) with standard OGTT diagnoses in three datasets. Non-Hispanic white or black adults without known diabetes who had A1C and 75-g OGTT measurements were included from the prospective Screening for Impaired Glucose Tolerance study (n = 1,581), and from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (n = 2014), and NHANES 2005–2006 (n = 1,111).

RESULTS
OGTTs revealed pre-diabetes in 35.8% and diabetes in 5.2% of combined study subjects. A1C provided receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve areas for diabetes of 0.79–0.83, but ROC curve areas were ≤0.70 for dysglycemia or pre-diabetes. The proposed criteria missed 70% of individuals with diabetes, 71–84% with dysglycemia, and 82–94% with pre-diabetes. Compared with the IEC criteria, the ADA criteria for pre-diabetes resulted in fewer false-negative and more false-positive result. There were also racial differences, with false-positive results being more common in black subjects and false-negative results being more common in white subjects. With use of NHANES 2005–2006 data, ∼5.9 million non-Hispanic U.S. adults with unrecognized diabetes and 43–52 million with pre-diabetes would be missed by screening with A1C.

CONCLUSIONS
The proposed A1C diagnostic criteria are insensitive and racially discrepant for screening, missing most Americans with undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes.
Positively Charged Material Surfaces Generated by Plasma Polymerized Allylamine Enhance Vinculin Mobility in Vital Human Osteoblastss
Authors: Rebl Henrike , Finke Birgit , Ihrke Roland , Rothe Holger , Rychly Joachim , Schroeder Karsten , Nebe Barbara J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeveral studies suggest that the modification of an implant surface by chemical means plays an important role in bone tissue engineering. Previously we have shown that osteoblast cell adhesion and spreading can strongly be increased by a positively charged surface. Cell adhesion and migration are two vital processes that are completely dependent on coordinated formation of focal adhesions. Changes in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and the focal adhesions are essential for numerous cellular processes including cell motility and tissue morphogenesis. We examined the mobility of the cytoskeletally associated protein vinculin on functionalized surfaces using plasma polymerized allylamine (PPAAm), a homogenous plasma polymer layer with randomly distributed amino groups. In living, GFP–vinculin transfected osteoblastic cells we determined a significant increase in vinculin mobility and vinculin contact length on PPAAm compared to collagen I coated surfaces during the initial adhesion phase. We suggest that positive charges control the cell physiology which seems to be dominant over the integrin receptor binding to collagen I. The results emphasize the role of the surface charge for the design of artificial scaffolds in bone repair.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Grain Growth in Fe‐3 % Si Steels by Consideration of a Morphological Parameter
Authors: Maazi Neureddine , Boukerma Abdelghani , Penelle Richard , Baudin Thierry 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe morphological aspects of grain growth in Fe‐3% Si steels can be related to the neighbourhood behavior. The nearest‐neighbourhood grains directly affect growth of the considered grain. In this study, the morphological factor is introduced by definition of the neighbourhood average radius Rm. A Monte Carlo simulation procedure is used to verify the influence of the nearest‐neighbourhood grain size on the grain growth.
Controlled Nucleation of GaN Nanowires Grown with Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Bertness Kris A. , Sanders Aric W. , Rourke Devin M. , Harvey Todd E. , Roshko Alexana , Schlager John B. , Sanford Norman A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe location of GaN nanowires is controlled with essentially perfect selectivity using patterned SiNx prior to molecular beam epitaxy growth. Nanowire growth is uniform within mask openings and absent on the mask surface for over 95% of the usable area of a 76 mm diameter substrate. The diameters of the resulting nanowires are controlled by the size of the mask openings. Openings of approximately 500 nm or less produce single nanowires with symmetrically faceted tips.
Cooperative Near‐Field Surface Plasmon Enhanced Quantum Dot Nanoarrays
Authors: Leong Kirsty , Chen Yeechi , Masiello David J. , Zin Melvin T. , Hnilova Marketa , Ma Hong , Tamerler Candan , Sarikaya Mehmet , Ginger David S. , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFluorescence from quantum dots (QDs) sandwiched between colloidal gold nanoparticles and lithographically created metal nanoarrays is studied using engineered peptides as binding agents. For optimized structures, a 15‐fold increase is observed in the brightness of the QDs due to plasmon‐enhanced fluorescence. This enhanced brightness is achieved by systematically tuning the vertical distance of the QD from the gold nanoparticles using solid‐specific peptide linkers and by optimizing the localized surface plasmon resonance by varying the geometric arrangement of the patterned gold nanoarray. The size and pitch of the patterned array affect the observed enhancement, and sandwiching the QDs between the patterned features and colloidal gold nanoparticles yields even larger enhancements due to the increase in local electromagnetic hot spots induced by the increased surface roughness. The use of bifunctional biomolecular linkers to control the formation of hot spots in sandwich structures provides new ways to fabricate hybrid nanomaterials of architecturally induced functionality for biotechnology and photonics.
Squaraine‐Doped Functional Nanoprobes: Lipophilically Protected Near‐Infrared Fluorescence for Bioimaging
Authors: Lee Yong‐Deok , Lim Chang‐Keun , Kim Sehoon , Kwon Ick Chan , Kim Jungahn 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHydrophobically stabilized near‐IR fluorescence from self‐assembled nanoprobes composed of amphiphilic poly(maleic anhydride‐alt‐octadec‐1‐ene) (PMAO) and lipophilized squaraine dopants is reported. From comparative studies with varying lipophilicity of squaraine dyes as well as of nanoparticulate polymer matrices, it is found that dual protection by simultaneous lipophilization of the dye‐polymer pair greatly improves the chemical stability of labile squaraine dyes, to produce efficient NIR fluorescence in physiological aqueous milieux. The surface properties of negatively charged PMAO nanoparticles are readily modified by coating with an amine‐rich cationic glycol chitosan with biofunctionality. Efficient cellular imaging and in vivo sentinel lymph node mapping with size and surface‐controlled nanoprobes demonstrate that lipophilic dual protection of NIR fluorescence and the underlying functional nanoprobe approach hold great potential for bioimaging applications.
A proposal for discrete modeling of mechanical effects during drying, combining pore networks with DEM
Authors: Kharaghani Abdolreza , Metzger Thomas , Tsotsas Evangelos 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA discrete modeling approach is introduced to investigate the influence of liquid phase distributions on damage and deformation of particle aggregates during convective drying. The approach is illustrated on a simple 3D aggregate structure, in which monosized spherical particles are arranged in a cubic packing and bonded together at their contacts; the mechanical behavior of this aggregate is simulated by discrete element method (DEM). Liquid phase distributions in the void space are obtained from drying simulations for a pore network. In a one‐way coupling approach, capillary forces are computed over time from the filling state of pores and applied as loads on each particle in DEM. A nonlinear bond model is used to compute interparticular forces. Simulations are conducted for various drying conditions and for aggregates with different mechanical properties. Microcracks induced by bond breakage are observed in stiff material, whereas soft material tends to shrink reversibly without damage. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Continuous precipitation of L‐asparagine monohydrate in a micromixer: Estimation of nucleation and growth kinetics
Authors: Lindenberg Christian , Mazzotti Marco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn experimental setup based on a static micromixer is used to determine nucleation and growth kinetics of L‐asparagine monohydrate precipitated via antisolvent addition. Mixing in static micromixers was characterized previously using competitive‐parallel reactions and computational fluid dynamics (Lindenberg et al., Chem Eng Sci. 2008;63:4135–4149). In this work, the mixer setup is used to determine nucleation and growth kinetics of L‐asparagine at high supersaturations, i.e., true kinetics which are not affected by transport limitations. The method is based on measuring the particle size distribution obtained at different residence times. A population balance equation model of the process is used for the design of a continuous precipitation process. Finally, an analysis of the characteristic time scales of nucleation, growth, and mixing shows that, under the conditions in this study, mixing is much faster than precipitation and that the two processes can be decoupled. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Application of flamelet model to large‐eddy simulation of turbulent reacting liquid flows
Authors: Kurose Ryoichi , Michioka Takenobu , Kohno Naoki , Komori Satoru , Baba Yuya 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLarge‐eddy simulations using the flamelet models are applied to turbulent reacting liquid flows and validated by comparing with the experiments. The computations are performed for two reaction conditions, namely a rapid reaction and a moderately fast reaction in a grid‐generated turbulent flow. For the flamelet models, both the steady flamelet model and the unsteady Lagrangian flamelet model are tested. A second‐order, irreversible, and isothermal reaction is considered. The results show that the flamelet models inherently developed for turbulent combustion are applicable to turbulent reacting liquid flows, provided that the model coefficient in evaluating the subgrid scale variance of mixture fraction in the scale‐similarity model is set to be 5.0. The rapid reaction can be adequately predicted by both the steady and unsteady Lagrangian flamelet models, whereas the moderately fast reaction can be predicted only by the unsteady Lagrangian flamelet model which is capable to take slow chemical processes into account. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J,, 2011
Vapor–liquid equilibria of hydrogen chloride, phosgene, benzene, chlorobenzene, ortho‐dichlorobenzene, and toluene by molecular simulation
Authors: Huang Yow‐Lin , Heilig Manfred , Hasse Hans , Vrabec Jadran 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) of nine binary mixtures containing hydrogen chloride or phosgene in the solvents benzene, chlorobenzene, ortho‐dichlorobenzene, and toluene as well as the mixture hydrogen chloride + phosgene are predicted by molecular modeling and simulation. The underlying force fields for the pure substances are developed on the basis of quantum chemical information on molecular geometry and electrostatics. These are individually optimized to experimental pure fluid data on the vapor pressure and saturated liquid density, where the deviations are typically less than 5 and 0.5 %, respectively. The unlike dispersive interaction is optimized for seven of the nine studied binaries. Previously unpublished experimental binary VLE data, measured by BASF in the vicinity of ambient temperature, are predominantly used for these fits. VLE data, including dew point composition, saturated densities and enthalpy of vaporization, are predicted for a wide range of temperatures and compositions. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Electromyography activity across gait and incline: The impact of muscular activity on human morphology
Authors: Wall‐Scheffler Cara M. , Chumanov Elizabeth , Steudel‐Numbers Karen , Heiderscheit Bryan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe study of human evolution depends upon a fair assessment of the ability of hominin individuals to gain access to necessary resources. We expect that the morphology of extant and extinct populations represents a successful locomotory system that allowed individuals to move across the environment gaining access to food, water, and mates while still maintaining excess energy to allocate to reproduction. Our assessment of locomotor morphology must then incorporate tests of fitness within realistic environments—environments that themselves vary in terrain and whose negotiation requires a variety of gait and speeds. This study assesses muscular activity (measured as the integrated signal from surface electromyography) of seven thigh and hip muscle groups during walking and running across a wide range of speeds and inclines to systematically assess the role that morphology can play in minimizing muscular activity and thus energy expenditure. Our data suggest that humans are better adapted to walking than running at any slope, as evidenced by small confidence intervals and even trends across speed and incline. We find that while increasing task intensity unsurprisingly increases muscular activity in the lower limb, individuals with longer limbs show significantly reduced activity during both walking and running, especially in the hip adductors, gluteus maximus, and hamstring muscles. People with a broader pelvis show significantly reduced activity in the hip adductor and hamstring muscles while walking. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA reveals distinct evolutionary histories for Jewish populations in Yemen and Ethiopia
Authors: Non Amy L. , Al‐Meeri Ali , Raaum Ryan L. , Sanchez Luisa F. , Mulligan Connie J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSouthern Arabia and the Horn of Africa are important geographic centers for the study of human population history because a great deal of migration has characterized these regions since the first emergence of humans out of Africa. Analysis of Jewish groups provides a unique opportunity to investigate more recent population histories in this area. Mitochondrial DNA is used to investigate the maternal evolutionary history and can be combined with historical and linguistic data to test various population histories. In this study, we assay mitochondrial control region DNA sequence and diagnostic coding variants in Yemenite (n = 45) and Ethiopian (n = 41) Jewish populations, as well as in neighboring non‐Jewish Yemeni (n = 50) and Ethiopian (previously published Semitic speakers) populations. We investigate their population histories through a comparison of haplogroup distributions and phylogenetic networks. A high frequency of sub‐Saharan African L haplogroups was found in both Jewish populations, indicating a significant African maternal contribution unlike other Jewish Diaspora populations. However, no identical haplotypes were shared between the Yemenite and Ethiopian Jewish populations, suggesting very little gene flow between the populations and potentially distinct maternal population histories. These new data are also used to investigate alternate population histories in the context of historical and linguistic data. Specifically, Yemenite Jewish mitochondrial diversity reflects potential descent from ancient Israeli exiles and shared African and Middle Eastern ancestry with little evidence for large‐scale conversion of local Yemeni. In contrast, the Ethiopian Jewish population appears to be a subset of the larger Ethiopian population suggesting descent primarily through conversion of local women. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical properties of new polyurethanes foams from benzene polyols synthesized from erucic acid
Authors: Dumont Marie‐Josée , Narine Suresh S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHigh density triol‐based polyurethane (PU) foams were developed from aromatic triol isomers prepared from erucic acid. The triol monomers were crosslinked with 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) into PU foams. The foam's properties were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The foams were analyzed for closed cell content and compression strength. The effect of the benzene ring in the polyol structure on the physical properties of these new PU foams was compared with high density foams made from aliphatic polyols originating from canola oil. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Physical properties of polyethylene–wood fiber–clay nanocomposites
Authors: Sheshmani Shabnam , Ashori Alireza , Hamzeh Yahya 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, nanocomposites based on polyethylene (PE), maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE), recycled newsprint fibers, and organically modified montmorillonite (nanoclay) were made by injection molding. The effects of two variable factors, namely, the nanoclay and MAPE contents, on the composite physical properties were examined. All blends were made with a fiber‐to‐PE weight ratio of 30 : 70. The results show that the addition of MAPE and nanoclay in the nanocomposite formulation significantly improved both the stability and water absorption properties. The improving effect of MAPE could be explained by the improvement in the quality of adhesion between the polymer and fibers. Nanocomposites containing 5 wt % MAPE and nanoclay exhibited minimum water absorption during the whole duration of immersion. The results of this research study show that wood–plastic composites treated with a coupling agent and nanoclay will be desirable as building materials for outdoor applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Terminal‐specific PEGylation of polypeptides in a dilute solution
Authors: Wu Jun Jim , Peng Henry T. , Shek Pang N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPEGylations of polypeptides with a four‐arm PEG (polyethylene glycol) in a dilute DMSO solution resulted in a successful conjugation with terminal specificity, which supports an intriguing PEGylation mechanism via conformational and kinetic control. © 2010 Crown in the right of Canada. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
All‐trans retinoic acid affects subcellular localization of a novel BmNIF3l protein: functional deduce and tissue distribution of NIF3l gene from silkworm (Bombyx mori)
Authors: Chen Jianqing , Gai Qijing , Lv Zhengbing , Chen Jian , Nie Zuoming , Wu Xiangfu , Zhang Yaozhou 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA novel cDNA sequence encoding a predicted protein of 271 amino acids containing a conserved NIF3 domain was found from a pupal cDNA library of silkworm. The corresponding gene was named BmNIF3l (Bombyx mori NGG1p interacting factor 3‐like). It was found by bioinformatics that BmNIF3l gene consisted of five exons and four introns and BmNIF3l had a high degree of homology to other NIF3‐like proteins, especially in the N‐terminal and C‐terminal regions. A His‐tagged BmNIF3l fusion protein with a molecular weight of approximately 33.6 kDa was expressed and purified to homogeneity. We have used the purified fusion protein to produce polyclonal antibodies against BmNIF3l for histochemical analysis. Subcellular localization revealed that BmNIF3l is a cytoplasmic protein that responds to all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Western blotting and real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression level of BmNIF3l is higher in tissues undergoing differentiation. Taken together, the results suggest that BmNIF3l functions in transcription. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.