bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Biological Study and Complexation Behavior of Some Anionic Schiff Base Amphiphiles
Authors: Abdel‐Salam Fatma H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA novel series of anionic Schiff base amphiphiles were synthesized. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated using different spectroscopic tools. The surface and thermodynamic properties of the prepared Schiff bases were studied using classical measurements including surface and interfacial tensions. The surface parameters of these compounds, e.g., surface tension, critical micelle concentration, effectiveness, efficiency, maximum surface excess, minimum surface area, and interfacial activity showed their good surface activity. Their thermodynamic parameters of adsorption and micellization including free energy change of micellization and adsorption showed their tendency toward adsorption at the interfaces and also micelle formation at lower concentrations. The complexation behavior of the synthesized Schiff bases were study through the interaction of the Schiff base (IIIa; SBSD) with nickel chloride hexahydrate. All synthesized compounds in addition to NiCl2·6H2O and Ni Schiff Base complex have been evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The results of the biocidal activities showed high potent action of (Ni‐IIIa; Ni‐SBSD) complex more than Schiff base IIIa; SBSD.
Medium‐ and Long‐Chain Triacylglycerols Reduce Body Fat and Blood Triacylglycerols in Hypertriacylglycerolemic, Overweight but not Obese, Chinese Individuals
Authors: Zhang Yuehong , Liu Yinghua , Wang Jin , Zhang Rongxin , Jing Hongjiang , Yu Xiaoming , Zhang Yong , Xu Qin , Zhang Jieying , Zheng Zixin , Nosaka Naohisa , Arai Chie , Kasai Michio , Aoyama Toshiaki , Wu Jian , Xue Changyong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn contrast to the consumption of long‐chain triacylglycerols (LCT), consumption of medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) reduces the body fat and blood triacylglycerols (TAG) level in hypertriacylglycerolemic Chinese individuals. These responses may be affected by BMI because of obesity‐induced insulin resistance. We aimed to compare the effects of consuming MLCT or LCT on reducing body fat and blood TAG level in hypertriacylglycerolemic Chinese subjects with different ranges of BMI. Employing a double‐blind, randomized and controlled protocol, 101 hypertriacylglycerolemic subjects (including 67 men and 34 women) were randomly allocated to ingest 25–30 g/day MLCT or LCT oil as the only cooking oil for 8 consecutive weeks. Anthropometric measurements of body weight, BMI, body fat, WC, HC, blood biochemical variables, and subcutaneous fat area and visceral fat area in the abdomen were measured at week 0 and 8. As compared to subjects with BMI 24–28 kg/m2 in the LCT group, corresponding subjects in the MLCT group showed significantly greater decrease in body weight, BMI, body fat, WC, ratio of WC to HC, total fat area and subcutaneous fat area in the abdomen, as well as blood TAG and LDL‐C levels at week 8. Based upon our results, consumption of MLCT oil may reduce body weight, body fat, and blood TAG and LDL‐C levels in overweight hypertriacylglycerolemic Chinese subjects but may not induce these changes in normal or obese hypertriacylglycerolemic subjects.
Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Cyprinus carpio var. Jian Regarding Growth, Immunity, and Disease Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Jiang Jun , Zhao Ming‐jiang , Lin Feng , Yang Liu , Zhou Xiao‐qiu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe present study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the growth performance, immune parameters and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of juvenile Jian carp. A total of 900 juvenile Jian carp (10.71 ± 0.02 g) were randomly allocated into six groups of each three replicates, feeding isonitrogenous (35% crude protein) and isolipidic (7.8% crude fat) diets containing graded amounts of CLA (0, 0.5, 0.8, 1.4, 1.7, and 2.0%) for 60 days. After a 60‐day growth test, a challenge trial was conducted by intraperitoneal injection of Aeromonas hydrophila to determine the effect of CLA on disease resistance of juvenile Jian carp. The results showed that diets incorporated with a proportion of up to 2.0% CLA without effect on weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio, but improved immune parameters and disease resistance of juvenile Jian carp. The dietary CLA level of optimal disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila was estimated to be 1.7% in juvenile Jian carp using broken‐line analysis.
Effect of Operating Parameters on Oil and Phenolic Extraction Using Supercritical CO2
Authors: Li Haiyan , Wu Jun , Rempel Curtis B. , Thiyam Usha 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSupercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide was used to extract oil from canola press cake. Different operating conditions, e.g. pressure, temperature, and co‐solvent % were investigated to optimize extraction parameters to yield canola meal with <4% oil. The residual oil content in the extracted canola meal reduced to 2.1–2.9% in our experimental trials. Residues of the optimum conditions based on oil yield were compared for the total phenolic content and the main phenolic compounds. Sinapine (the choline ester of sinapic acid) was the major phenolic constituent in both the SFE and n‐hexane extracted canola meals and press cakes. n‐Hexane extracted residues showed the retention of the highest sinapic acid, sinapine, sinapoyl glucose and total phenolic contents (mg/g) while the SF‐extracted residues showed the lowest values for these compounds.
Effects of Seed Color and Growing Locations on Fatty Acid Content and Composition of Two Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Genotypes
Authors: Ayerza Ricardo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed coat color on oil content and fatty acid composition, as well as the effect of different growing areas on chemical variation. This study was carried out using white and black‐spotted chia seeds grown together at five locations of Ecuador. Oil content was not significantly (P < 0.05) different for any of the comparative analyses performed between white and black‐spotted seeds at all, although significant differences in oil content among locations were detected. The seeds from the San Pablo location showed the highest oil concentration (34.5%). No significant differences among fatty acids at any of the location were detected between white and black‐spotted seeds; however, significant differences in fatty acids composition between sites were found. Overall, significant (P < 0.05) differences in palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and α‐linolenic fatty acid compositions among oils from seeds grown in different locations were detected. In conclusion, this paper shows that the larger differences found in oil content and fatty acid composition are due to location (because of the environmental differences) rather than chia seed coat color.
Exploring the Potential of Immunohistochemistry to Identify Renal Oncocytoma
Authors: Ray Eleanor R. , Goodwill Joe , Chandra Ashish , O'Brien Tim S. 
Published: May 2010

Objective: To determine the potential for a novel immunohistochemistry panel to accurately distinguish oncocytoma from other renal tumour subtypes. Material and methods: Forty renal tumours removed by surgery between 2000 and 2006 in a single tertiary referral centre in the UK were studied retrospectively. Paraffin blocks from 10 each of oncocytoma, papillary RCC, clear cell RCC and chromophobe RCC were examined. The tumours were tested using a panel of antibodies comprising CK7, CK18, CD15, N-cadherin, E-cadherin and EpCAM. The primary outcome measure was the number of each tumour type staining positively with each marker. The immunohistochemistry marker was considered to be positive if more than 10% of the tumour cells stained positively. No staining or focal staining (<10% of the tumour cells) was considered a negative test. Results: CK7, CD15 and EpCAM were able to distinguish between renal oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC: no oncocytoma stained with either CK7 or EpCAM, however 7/10 (70%) stained positive for CD15. Conversely, 8/10 (80%) chromophobe RCC stained positive with CK7 and EpCAM but none stained for CD15. Conclusions: In this preliminary study the immunohistochemistry panel shows promise in differentiating between renal oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC. The panel deserves prospective evaluation on needle biopsy specimens.
Thermal and Electric Energy Fields by Noninvasive Monopolar Capacitive‐Coupled Radiofrequency: Temperatures Achieved and Histological Outcomes in Tendons and Ligaments
Authors: Whipple Terry , Villegas Diana 
Published: May 2010

ObjectiveTo determine whether noninvasive monopolar capacitive‐coupled radiofrequency (mcRF) can produce energy and thermal fields capable of breaking‐down collagen molecules in deep connective structures without damaging untargeted tissues as evidenced by temperatures achieved and histological outcomes.DesignBasic science study on fresh untreated cadaveric specimens.SettingOrthopaedic Research of Virginia (Institutional).MethodsTwo upper and two lower extremities from cadaveric specimens were obtained for the study. Anatomical structures were surgically exposed. Fluoroptic thermometers were implanted into the mid‐substance of the targeted structures as well as in the skin above the structures to be studied. mcRF pulses were delivered to the area of interest, and temperatures were recorded every second. Multiple samples of tissue from each treatment site and stage of treatment were harvested for analysis.Outcome MeasuresOutcomes were evaluated by temperature changes in response to energy fields, multiobserver histological analysis under regular and polarized light, and direct observation of the tissues in the areas exposed to RF energy.ResultsTemperatures recorded at the targeted structures reached above 50°C, as evidenced by the implanted thermometers. Histological analysis under regular and polarized light evidenced a progressive pattern of collagen denaturation that correlated well with temperatures recorded.ConclusionThis study established a direct relationship between noninvasive mcRF energy and temperatures recorded in deep structures (P < .001). Histological examination under regular and polarized light suggested that collagen changes are dose related. No evidence of damage to the nontargeted structures or to the tissue superficial to targeted structures was observed. As it has been demonstrated in survival animal studies, it is anticipated that the outcome of the changes induced in collagen fibers would trigger a desirable wound healing response. These findings can provide a meaningful context to the ongoing clinical use of mcRF.
Synthetic technocracy: Dutch scientific intellectuals in science, society and culture, 1880–1950
Authors: BANEKE DAVID 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, changing social and cultural climates challenged the position of scientists in Western society. Ringer and Harwood have described how scientists reacted by adopting either pragmatist or ‘comprehensive’ styles of thought. In this article, I will show how a group of Dutch intellectuals, including many scientists, came up with an alternative approach to the dilemmas of modernity, and eventually became influential in shaping Dutch society. They combined elements of both styles into what I call a ‘synthetic technocrat’ ideology, a reaction against intellectual and political fragmentation. These ideas were often combined with pleas for educational reform, culminating in a plea for gebildete Tatkraft. I will analyse the development of the synthetic technocrat movement from the late nineteenth century into the 1940s. During this period, the movement became increasingly political in nature, but in a radically different way to comparable movements in other countries, especially Germany.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE TO THE AREA OF FREEDOM, SECURITY AND JUSTICE
Authors: Lenaerts Koen 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to provide an overview of the European Court of Justice's (‘ECJ’) past and present contribution— both procedurally and substantively—to the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. While it is too early to speculate what the ECJ's contribution to this area will be under the provisions of the Treaty of Lisbon, which entered into force on 1 December 2009, the latter's modifications to the ECJ's jurisdiction merit close attention. After describing how the procedural limitations that were imposed on the ECJ's jurisdiction by ex Title IV of Part Three of the EC Treaty and by ex Title VI of the old EU Treaty have been almost entirely eliminated by the Treaty of Lisbon, this article posits that not only does the latter Treaty improve significantly the judicial protection of private individuals, but it also facilitates the dialogue between the Union and the national judiciaries in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. Next, the article briefly explores the special ECJ procedures which may be followed in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice in cases where time is of the essence. There, it is argued that, when having recourse to these procedures, the ECJ strives to strike the right balance between, on the one hand, swift judging and, on the other hand, the preservation of a qualitative and fair judicial procedure. As to substantive issues, drawing on examples from the fields of judicial cooperation in civil matters, asylum and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, it is argued that the ECJ's contribution to this area is largely grounded in the protection of fundamental rights. Finally, a brief conclusion supports the contention that the ECJ's contribution to the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice has favoured a ‘mutual borrowing’ of concepts and principles as between this area and other fields in relation to which the EU has competences, such as the internal market and competition. The Treaty of Lisbon having entered into force, an unprecedented level of coordination between different areas of EU law on both the procedural and substantive levels is to take place. Respect for fundamental rights will definitely be a unifying factor binding them all together.
A SOCIO-LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OFJIHAD
Authors: Bakircioglu Onder 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSince many offensive and defensive wars or acts of terrorism, such as the atrocities of 11 September in the United States and the July 2005 bombings in London, are committed under the banner of Islam and the duty ofjihad, it is important to shed some light upon the Islamic laws of war in general, and the controversial concept ofjihadin particular. This article traces the origins of, and rationale for, the use of force within the Islamic tradition, and assesses the meaning and evolution of the contentious concept ofjihadwithin its historical context. Following an analysis of the opposing doctrinal views on the potential implications ofjihad, the study argues that the concept ofjihadshould not be interpreted literally, but be adjusted in accordance with new historical and international conditions, and conducted by peaceful means, rather than by the sword.
The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES): Validation of the Short Form in an Elderly French Population
Authors: Bailly Nathalie , Roussiau Nicolas 
Published: May 2010

RÉSUMÉL’objectif de notre étude était de valider en langue française l’échelle des expériences de spiritualité quotidienne (EESQ) auprès d’une population âgée française. Deux études ont été menées afin d’examiner les propriétés psychométriques de l’EESQ. Les résultats de l’analyse factorielle (Etude 1–2) et de l’analyse factorielle confirmatoire (Etude 2) ont mis en évidence l’unidimensionnalité de l’échelle. La fidélité interne (Etude 1–2) ainsi que la fidélité temporelle (Etude 2) sont satisfaisantes. Comme prévu, des scores élevés ont été mis en corrélation avec la satisfaction de vie et l’évaluation de sa santé. En revanche, aucune corrélation n’a été mise en évidence avec la dépression. Cette étude préliminaire met en évidence les bonnes propriétés psychométriques de l’EESQ et semble être un bon outil d’investigation pour tous les chercheurs et professionnels intéressés par le maintien et la promotion du bien-être et de la spiritualité chez les âgés.
Pushing the envelope: Looking beyond the variable context
Authors: Aaron Jessi Elana 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHowever the variable context is defined, it is standard variationist practice to exclude tokens outside this context from further quantitative analyses. The role of occurrences of forms in contexts that lie outside the shared space of grammaticizing constructions in variation, ranging from highly infrequent occurrences to vast and diverse territories, has yet to be adequately explored. Spanish Synthetic Future (SF) in epistemic contexts does not overlap functionally with Spanish Periphrastic Future (PF). Four Goldvarb analyses of SF-PF variation since 1600, alongside quantitative analysis of epistemic SF, reveal an intimate relationship. Beyond a parallel rise in frequency of PF and epistemic SF, a connection between epistemic SF patterns and SF-PF variation is found in shifts in relative magnitudes of effect. It is argued that quantitative analysis of frequently occurring contexts that falloutsidethe envelope of variation may provide valuable explanatory insight regarding diachronic shiftswithinthe variable context.
New Approaches to the Gulf Hypoxia Problem
Authors: Bianchi Thomas S. , Allison Mead A. , Chapman Piers , Cowan James H. , Dagg Michael J. , Day John W. , Dimarco Steve F. , Powell Rodney 
Published: May 2010

Coastal water hypoxia, where dissolved oxygen is less than 2 milligrams per liter, is a global environmental problem [e.g., Diaz and Rosenberg, 2008]. It is largely associated with eutrophication, whereby nutrient inputs (nitrogen and phosphorous) to coastal waters lead to elevated primary production and accelerated rates of microbial respiration, which results in oxygen depletion.Despite more than 25 years of monitoring [Rabalais et al., 2007] (see also Figure S1 in the online supplement to this Eos issue (http://www.agu.org/eos_elec/)), the relative importance of the various processes that control hypoxia in bottom waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM)–in particular, those beyond the direct influence of river plumes [Dagg et al., 2007; Bianchi et al., 2008, 2010, and references therein]—remains uncertain. For example, a prediction last June pronounced that the 2009 hypoxic area would be the largest on record (∼23,000 square kilo meters; see http://www.gulfhypoxia.net/Research/Shelfwide%20Cruises/2009/ Files/2009
The use of statins potentiates the insulin-sensitizing effect of exercise training in obese males with and without Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Meex Ruth C. R. , Phielix Esther , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera B. , Moonen-Kornips Esther , Schaart Gert , Schrauwen Patrick , Hesselink Matthijs K. C. 
Published: May 2010

Exercise training is advocated in insulin resistance and statins are used to treat hyperlipidaemia, two cardiometabolic risk factors often presenting concurrently. Statin intake may blunt mitochondrial function and the adaptive response to exercise training. Thus combining exercise training with statin administration may have adverse effects. We examined whether improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function mediated by progressive exercise training are affected by statin use. A group of 14 obese elderly males on statins (ST) and 22 matched control subjects (C) were examined. Results on in vivo mitochondrial function [MRS (magnetic resonance spectroscopy)], mitochondrial density (Western blotting), insulin sensitivity (clamp) and metabolic flexibility (indirect calorimetry) were compared before and after a 12-week combined progressive exercise training programme (3×per week; 45 min per session). Except for LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, all pre-training values were comparable between statin users and control subjects. In vivo mitochondrial function and mitochondrial density improved by training in both groups. Interestingly, blood-lipid profile, insulin sensitivity (+72%), non-oxidative and oxidative glucose disposal (+38% and +112%) and insulin-mediated suppression of fat oxidation (−62%) improved only in the ST group. We conclude that statin treatment did not impede exercise performance or tolerance, mitochondrial function or mass. In addition, training-induced improvements in glucose homoeostasis were preserved in the ST group. Strikingly, the insulin-sensitizing effect of training was more prominent in the ST group than in the C group. The combined prescription of statins along with exercise training is safe and should be considered for subjects prone to develop insulin resistance.
Temperature dependence of protein motions in a thermophilic dihydrofolate reductase and its relationship to catalytic efficiency
Authors: Oyeyemi Olayinka A. , Sours Kevin M. , Lee Thomas , Resing Katheryn A. , Ahn Natalie G. , Klinman Judith P. 
Published: May 2010

We report hydrogen deuterium exchange by mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) as a function of temperature in a thermophilic dihydrofolate reductase from
Bacillus stearothermophilus
(Bs-DHFR). Protein stability, probed with circular dichroism, established an accessible temperature range of 10 °C to 55 °C for the interrogation of HDX-MS. Although both the rate and extent of HDX are sensitive to temperature, the majority of peptides showed rapid kinetics of exchange, allowing us to focus on plateau values for the maximal extent of exchange at each temperature. Arrhenius plots of the ratio of hydrogens exchanged at 5 h normalized to the number of exchangeable hydrogens vs. 1/T provides an estimate for the apparent enthalpic change of local unfolding, ΔH°
unf(avg)
. Most regions in the enzyme show ΔH°
unf(avg)
≤ 2.0 kcal/mol, close to the value of
k
T; by contrast, significantly elevated values for ΔH°
unf(avg)
are observed in regions within the core of protein that contain the cofactor and substrate-binding sites. Our technique introduces a new strategy for probing the temperature dependence of local protein unfolding within native proteins. These findings are discussed in the context of the demonstrated role for nuclear tunneling in hydride transfer from NADPH to dihydrofolate, and relate the observed enthalpic changes to two classes of motion, preorganization and reorganization, that have been proposed to control the efficiency of hydrogenic wave function overlap. Our findings suggest that the enthalpic contribution to the heavy atom environmental reorganizations controlling the hydrogenic wave function overlap will be dominated by regions of the protein proximal to the bound cofactor and substrate.