bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metaphors We Teach By: The Language of “Learning Outcomes”
Authors: Batten Alicia J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article employs George Lakoff and Mark Johnson's work on metaphor (1980) to examine the current use of the term “learning outcomes” within higher education. It argues that “learning outcomes” is an ontological metaphor (education becomes focused on results that one can understand and measure) that resonates with contemporary academic capitalism. Yet because metaphors highlight some things and conceal others, thinking about teaching and disciplines using “learning outcomes” hides other dimensions of academic capitalism and obscures unquantifiable and highly complex aspects of education. Finally, the article explores ways in which an emphasis upon outcomes has consequences for the field of Religious Studies.
Home is My Area Code: Thinking About, Teaching, and Learning Globalization in Introductory World Religions Classes
Authors: DeTemple Jill 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThere has been significant and growing interest in teaching religious studies, and specifically world religions, in a “global” context. Bringing globalization into the classroom as a specific theoretical and pedagogical tool, however, requires not just an awareness that religions exist in an ever‐globalizing environment, but a willingness to engage with globalization as a cultural, spatial, and theoretical arena within which religions interact. This article is concerned with the ways that those of us interested in religion employ globalization in the classroom conceptually and pedagogically, and argues that “lived religion” provides a useful model for incorporating globalization into religious studies settings.
Spanish society of liver transplantation (SETH) consensus recommendations on hepatitis C virus and liver transplantation
Authors: Berenguer Marina , Charco Ramón , Manuel Pascasio Juan , Ignacio Herrero Jose 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn November 2010, the Spanish Society of Liver Transplantation (Sociedad Española de Trasplante Hepático, SETH) held a consensus conference. One of the topics of debate was liver transplantation in patients with hepatitis C. This document reviews (i) the natural history of post‐transplant hepatitis C, (ii) factors associated with post‐transplant prognosis in patients with hepatitis C, (iii) the role of immunosuppression in the evolution of recurrent hepatitis C and response to antiviral therapy, (iv) antiviral therapy, both before and after transplantation, (v) follow‐up of patients with recurrent hepatitis C and (vi) the role of retransplantation.
Association of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels with liver dysfunction and mortality in chronic liver disease
Authors: Putz‐Bankuti Csilla , Pilz Stefan , Stojakovic Tatjana , Scharnagl Hubert , Pieber Thomas R. , Trauner Michael , Obermayer‐Pietsch Barbara , Stauber Rudolf E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies suggest that chronic liver disease may be related to vitamin D deficiency. It is, however, not known whether 25(OH)D levels are associated with incident hepatic decompensation and mortality in chronic liver failure.AimsWe aimed to evaluate whether 25(OH)D serum levels are associated with Child–Pugh (CP) score, model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score, occurrence of hepatic decompensation, and survival in patients with cirrhosis.MethodsWe enrolled 75 consecutive cirrhotic patients admitted to our outpatient liver clinic (32% females; age: 58 ± 11 years; aetiology alcohol in 61%). At baseline, 25(OH)D was determined and the degree of liver dysfunction was estimated by CP and MELD score. Thereafter patients were followed‐up with respect to hepatic decompensation and mortality.Results25(OH)D levels averaged 16.0 ± 9.2 ng/ml and were inversely correlated with MELD score (r = −0.34, P = 0.003) and CP score (r = −0.21, P = 0.080). Thirty‐seven patients developed hepatic decompensation and 24 patients died during a median follow‐up of 3.6 years. Age‐ and gender‐adjusted relative risk (with 95% confidence interval) was 6.37 (1.75–23.2; P = 0.005) for hepatic decompensation and 4.31 (1.38–13.5; P = 0.012) for mortality within the first vs the third 25(OH)D tertile but these associations were largely attenuated towards non‐significant trends after additional adjustments for CP or MELD score.ConclusionsOur findings show a significant association of 25(OH)D with the degree of liver dysfunction and suggest that low 25(OH)D levels may predict hepatic decompensation and mortality in patients with chronic liver failure.
Sociocultural and Dietary Practices Among Malay Subjects in the North‐Eastern Region of Peninsular Malaysia: A Region of Low Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Lee Yeong Yeh , Ismail Ahmad Wazi , Mustaffa Nazri , Musa Kamarul Imran , Majid Noorizan Abdul , Choo Keng Ee , Mahendra Raj S. , Derakhshan Mohammad H. , Malaty Hoda M. , Graham David Y. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is exceptionally low among the Malays in the north‐eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia. The reasons are unknown. Our aim was to compare environmental factors that differed in relation to H. pylori prevalence among Malays born and residing in Kelantan.Methods:  A case–control study was conducted among Malays in Kelantan who underwent upper endoscopy between 2000 and 2008. Helicobacter pylori status was determined by gastric histology. Sociocultural and dietary factors were assessed using a validated investigator‐directed questionnaire administered after 2008, and the data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.Results:  The study group consisted of 161 subjects (79 H. pylori positive and 82 controls). Univariable analysis identified five poor sanitary practices associated with an increased prevalence of H. pylori infection: use of well water, use of pit latrine, less frequent boiling of drinking water, and infrequent hand wash practice after toilet use and before meals. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified three variables inversely associated with H. pylori infection: frequent consumption of tea (OR: 0.023, 95% CI: 0.01–0.07), frequent use of “budu” or local anchovy sauce (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7), and frequent use of “pegaga” or centenella asiatica (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.1–0.65).Conclusions:  Under the assumption that sanitary, sociocultural, and dietary habits have not changed over the years, we can conclude that an increased risk of H. pylori was associated with unsanitary practices whereas protection was associated with consumption of tea and locally produced foods, “pegaga” and “budu.” These dietary factors are candidates for future study on the effects on H. pylori transmission.
The Sub‐System α‐TCPss‐Silicocarnotite Within the Binary System Ca3(PO4)2–Ca2SiO4
Authors: Martínez Isabel M. , Velásquez Pablo , De Aza Piedad N. 
Published: January 2012

Silicon (Si) influences the biologic activity of calcium phosphate materials by modifying material properties and by direct effects on the physiological processes in skeletal tissue. Compositions belonging to the system dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4 = C2S)‐tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2 = TCP), able to release that element in situ, are promising candidates for preparing new ceramic bone implants. An exact knowledge of the phase relationships in the system is required to design materials with controlled phase compositions and properties. Thus, a study of the sub‐system α‐TCPss‐Silicocarnotite within the C2S–TCP system was studied as a preliminary step toward obtaining new monophasic and/or biphasic bioceramics. Phase composition of the resulting ceramics was studied using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with attached wavelength dispersive spectrometer. The results showed that the sub‐system presents an invariant eutectoid point at 1158°C ± 2°C for a composition of 83 wt% Ca3(PO4)2 and 17 wt% Ca2SiO4, and typical eutectoid microstructure of lamellae morphology.
Investigation and quantification of key periodontal pathogens in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Field C. A. , Gidley M. D. , Preshaw P. M. , Jakubovics N. 
Published: January 2012

Field CA, Gidley MD, Preshaw PM, Jakubovics N. Investigation and quantification of key periodontal pathogens in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 470–478. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  Diabetes is a recognized risk factor for periodontitis. There are conflicting data regarding whether healthy diabetic patients or diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis have an altered subgingival microbiota compared with nondiabetic individuals. The aim of the present study was to detect quantitative differences in selected periodontopathogens in the subgingival plaque of diabetic patients using TaqMan quantitative PCR.Material and Methods:   Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with (n = 9) or without chronic periodontal disease (n = 15) were recruited and matched to nondiabetic control subjects (n = 12 periodontally healthy, n = 12 chronic periodontitis). Subgingival plaque samples were collected from deep (> 4 mm probing depth) and shallow sites (≤ 3 mm probing depth) using paper points, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis were quantified.Results:  Forty‐eight subjects (69 samples) were recruited. Marked differences were seen in the levels of all three bacterial species, relative to the total bacterial population, according to periodontal health status. Using real‐time quantitative PCR, bacterial counts for P. gingivalis were significantly higher in deep pockets of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects compared with periodontally healthy subjects (p < 0.05) but did not differ significantly between diabetics and nondiabetics. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in all groups in low quantities, and counts did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). F. nucleatum was abundant in all groups, with no clear significant differences between groups. P. gingivalis was found in higher quantities in periodontitis than in periodontally healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Statistically significant positive correlations were identified between pocket depth and counts for all three species tested (p < 0.05).Conclusion:  A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis were present in significantly different quantities and proportions in subgingival plaque, according to periodontal disease status. No significant differences were identified between the subgingival microbiota of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared with nondiabetic subjects.
Combination injuries 2. The risk of pulp necrosis in permanent teeth with subluxation injuries and concomitant crown fractures
Authors: Lauridsen Eva , Hermann Nuno Vibe , Gerds Thomas Alexander , Ahrensburg Søren Steno , Kreiborg Sven , Andreasen Jens Ove 
Published: January 2012

Abstract –  Background:  The reported risk of pulp necrosis (PN) is generally low in teeth with subluxation injuries. A concomitant crown fracture may increase the risk of PN in such teeth.Aim:  To analyse the influence of a concomitant trauma‐related infraction, enamel‐, enamel–dentin‐ or enamel–dentin–pulp fracture on the risk of PN in permanent teeth with subluxation injury.Material and Methods:  The study included 404 permanent incisors with subluxation injury from 289 patients (188 male, 101 female). Of these teeth, 137 had also suffered a concomitant crown fracture. All the teeth were examined and treated according to a standardized protocol.Statistical Analysis:  The risk of PN was analysed separately for teeth with immature and mature root development by the Kaplan–Meier method, the log‐rank test and Cox regression analysis. The level of significance was set at 5%. Risk factors included in the analysis were gender, patient age, crown fracture type, mobility and response to an electric pulp test (EPT) at the initial examination.Results:  Teeth with immature root development: The risk of PN was increased in teeth with a concomitant enamel fracture (log‐rank test: P = 0.002), enamel–dentin fracture (log‐rank test: P < 0.0001), enamel–dentin–pulp fracture (log‐rank test: P < 0.0001) and in teeth with no response to EPT at the initial examination [hazard ratio: 21 (95% confidence interval, CI: 2.5–172.5), P = 0.005]. Teeth with mature root development: the risk of PN was increased in teeth with an enamel–dentin fracture [hazard ratio: 12.2 (95% CI: 5.0–29.8), P < 0.0001], infraction [hazard ratio: 5.1 (95% CI: 1.2–21.4) P = 0.04] and in teeth with no response to EPT at the initial examination [hazard ratio: 8 (95% CI: 3.3–19.5), P < 0.0001].Conclusion:  A concomitant crown fracture and no response to EPT at the initial examination may be used to identify teeth at increased risk of PN following subluxation injury.
Combination injuries 1. The risk of pulp necrosis in permanent teeth with concussion injuries and concomitant crown fractures
Authors: Lauridsen Eva , Hermann Nuno Vibe , Gerds Thomas Alexander , Ahrensburg Søren Steno , Kreiborg Sven , Andreasen Jens Ove 
Published: January 2012

Abstract –  Background:  The reported risk of pulp necrosis (PN) is low in teeth with concussion injuries. A concomitant crown fracture may affect the risk of PN.Aim:  To analyze the influence of a crown fracture (with and without pulp exposure) on the risk of PN in teeth with concussion injury.Material:  The study included 469 permanent incisors with concussion from 358 patients (226 male, 132 female). Among these, 292 had a concomitant crown fracture (70 with and 222 without pulp exposure). All teeth were examined and treated according to standardized protocol.Statistical analysis:  The risk of PN was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression. Risk factors included in the analysis: gender, age, stage of root development, type of crown fracture, and response to electric pulp test (EPT) at the initial examination. The level of significance was set at 5%.Results:  The risk of PN was low in teeth with immature root development [1.1%, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0–3.4]. The following factors significantly increased the risk of PN in teeth with mature root development: crown fracture without pulp exposure [hazard ratio 4.1 (95% CI: 1.4–11.9), P = 0.01] and no response to EPT at the initial examination [hazard ratio 30.7 (95% CI: 7.7–121), P < 0.0001]. The overall risk of PN increased from 3.5% (95% CI: 0.2–6.8) to 11.0% (95% CI: 5.2–16.7) when a concomitant crown fracture without pulp exposure was present. If the tooth had both a crown fracture and gave no response to EPT, the risk further increased to 55.0% (95% CI: 34.3–75.8).Conclusion:  No response to EPT at the initial examination or a concomitant crown fracture significantly increased the risk of PN in teeth with concussion injury and mature root development. If both risk factors were present there was a synergetic effect.
Queer Theologies
Authors: Schneider Laurel C. , Roncolato Carolyn 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article traces the development of queer theology from its roots in liberation theology and poststructuralist gender theory. Starting with the challenges of terminology in the face of a rapidly changing social context, the authors outline the recent, interrelated histories of LGBT liberation theologies that focus on historically oppressed identity groups and of queer theologies that attempt to think theologically beyond essentialist categories of identity. Finally, they speculate on emergent challenges to queer and LGBT liberationist studies in religion.
Modern Jewish Thought and Jewish Feminist Thought: An Uncommon Conversation
Authors: Butler Deidre 
Published: January 2012

AbstractModern Jewish thought is that area of Jewish thought that emerges in response to the Jewish encounter with modernity. It spans the earliest contributions of modern Jewish philosophers and religious reformers in 19th‐century Europe to contemporary thinkers from Jewish communities around the world today. Jewish feminist thought also stands out as a vital stream within modern Jewish thought. Although most histories and anthologies of modern Jewish thought do not normatively include Jewish feminist thinkers as significant contributors to this intellectual history, selected Jewish feminist thinkers like Judith Plaskow and Rachel Adler should be integrated into modern Jewish thought’s disciplinary narrative. The following discussion of current scholarship in modern Jewish thought, modern Jewish philosophy and Jewish feminism places Jewish feminist thought firmly within the history, methods and subject of modern Jewish thought. Taking seriously the inherent inclusiveness of the term modern Jewish thought and redrawing its boundaries to explicitly include Jewish feminist thinkers exposes the shared concern of each discipline. Doing so foregrounds common themes and questions occasioned by modern Jewish life such as Israel, Jewish identity, tradition and halakha, the status and authority of sacred texts and revelation and the constitution and diversity of Jewish communities. Such a comparative approach also draws attention to dissonance–particularly around questions of gender and sexuality in Judaism that are raised around transgender, gay and lesbian Jewish life and gender and halakah.
New taxonomy and old collections: integrating DNA barcoding into the collection curation process
Authors: PUILLANDRE N. , BOUCHET P. , BOISSELIER‐DUBAYLE M.‐C. , BRISSET J. , BUGE B. , CASTELIN M. , CHAGNOUX S. , CHRISTOPHE T. , CORBARI L. , LAMBOURDIÈRE J. , LOZOUET P. , MARANI G. , RIVASSEAU A. , SILVA N. , TERRYN Y. , TILLIER S. , UTGE J. , SAMADI S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBecause they house large biodiversity collections and are also research centres with sequencing facilities, natural history museums are well placed to develop DNA barcoding best practices. The main difficulty is generally the vouchering system: it must ensure that all data produced remain attached to the corresponding specimen, from the field to publication in articles and online databases. The Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris is one of the leading laboratories in the Marine Barcode of Life (MarBOL) project, which was used as a pilot programme to include barcode collections for marine molluscs and crustaceans. The system is based on two relational databases. The first one classically records the data (locality and identification) attached to the specimens. In the second one, tissue‐clippings, DNA extractions (both preserved in 2D barcode tubes) and PCR data (including primers) are linked to the corresponding specimen. All the steps of the process [sampling event, specimen identification, molecular processing, data submission to Barcode Of Life Database (BOLD) and GenBank] are thus linked together. Furthermore, we have developed several web‐based tools to automatically upload data into the system, control the quality of the sequences produced and facilitate the submission to online databases. This work is the result of a joint effort from several teams in the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), but also from a collaborative network of taxonomists and molecular systematists outside the museum, resulting in the vouchering so far of ∼41 000 sequences and the production of ∼11 000 COI sequences.
Sampling period, size and duration influence measures of bat species richness from acoustic surveys
Authors: Skalak Samuel L. , Sherwin Richard E. , Brigham R. Mark 
Published: January 2012

Summary1.  Understanding animal ecology depends on an ability to accurately inventory species. However, there are few quantitative data available, which allow for an assessment of the effectiveness of acoustic sampling methods for determining bat species richness.2.  We assessed inventory efficiency, defined as the percentage of species detected per survey effort, using data from 7 to 9 Anabat bat detectors deployed concurrently between June 2008 and August 2009 at fixed locations. We examined sampling period and time of night to calculate the minimum duration of sampling effort required to detect the greatest percentage of species.3.  In all cases, multiple survey nights at multiple sampling locations were necessary to detect higher levels of species richness using acoustic detectors. Additionally, continuous sampling throughout the night was important for detecting more species, especially during summer, fall and spring months.4.  Species accumulation curves indicated that relatively few nights were needed to detect ‘common’ species at various sampling locations (2–5 nights on average); however, longer sample periods (>45 nights) were necessary to detect ‘rare’ species at some sampling locations. Accumulation curves indicated that the number of detector locations positively influenced the number of species detected during surveys periods.5. A priori knowledge of sampling effort is fundamental for designing biologically robust inventories. We make recommendations for improving the efficiency of acoustic surveys using analytical methods that are broadly applicable to a range of survey methods and taxa.
Functional rarefaction for species abundance data
Authors: Ricotta Carlo , Pavoine Sandrine , Bacaro Giovanni , Acosta Alicia T. R. 
Published: January 2012

Summary1. Recently a number of rarefaction curves including information on species’ functional traits were proposed for those measures of functional diversity that monotonically increase with species richness.2. Building on these methods, in this paper, we propose a functional rarefaction curve for species abundance data that is obtained using the classical diversity decomposition of the Rao quadratic diversity into alpha, beta and gamma diversity.3. The proposed abundance‐based functional rarefaction is illustrated with one dedicated case study in sand dune communities in Italy.4. Although we put emphasis on functional diversity only, because of its mathematical generality, the proposed method can be extended to virtually any abundance‐weighted concave measure for comparing diversity among habitats sampled with different effort.
Are children who play a sport or a musical instrument better at motor imagery than children who do not?: Figure 1
Authors: Dey Abhishikta , Barnsley Nadia , Mohan Rahul , McCormick Marianne , McAuley James H , Moseley G Lorimer 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivePlaying a sport or a musical instrument is presumed to improve motor ability. One would therefore predict that children who play a sport or music are better at motor imagery tasks, which rely on an intact cortical proprioceptive representation and precise motor planning, than children who do not. The authors tested this prediction.MethodsThis study involved an online questionnaire and then a motor imagery task. The task measured the reaction time (RT) and the accuracy for left/right-hand judgements in children aged 5 to 17 years. Forty pictured hands (20 left), held in various positions and rotated zero, 90°, 180° or 270°, were displayed on a screen. Participants indicated whether the displayed hands were left or right by pressing keys on a keyboard.ResultsFifty-seven children (30 boys; mean±SD age=10±3.3 years) participated. The mean±SD RT was 3015.4±1330.0 ms and the accuracy was 73.9±16.6%. There was no difference in RT between children who played sport, music, neither or both (four-level one-way analysis of variance, p=0.85). There was no difference in accuracy between groups either (Kruskal–Wallis, p=0.46). In a secondary analysis, participants whose parents rated them as being ‘clumsy’ were no slower (n.s.) but were about 25% less accurate than those rated coordinated or very coordinated (p<0.05).ConclusionThe authors conclude against the intuitively sensible and widely held view that participation in a sport or music is associated with better cortical proprioceptive representation and motor planning. Secondary analyses suggest that parent-rated clumsiness is negatively related to motor imagery performance.