bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperglycemia induces apoptosis in rat liver through the increase of hydroxyl radical: new insights into the insulin effect
Authors: Francés Daniel E , Ronco María T , Monti Juan A , Ingaramo Paola I , Pisani Gerardo B , Parody Juan P , Pellegrino José M , Sanz Paloma Martín , Carrillo María C , Carnovale Cristina E 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this study, we analyzed the contribution of hydroxyl radical in the liver apoptosis mediated by hyperglycemia through the Bax–caspase pathway and the effects of insulin protection against the apoptosis induced by hyperglycemia. Male adult Wistar rats were randomized in three groups: control (C) (sodium citrate buffer, i.p.), streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (SID) (STZ 60 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), and insulin-treated SID (SID+I; 15 days post STZ injection, SID received insulin s.c., twice a day, 15 days). Rats were autopsied on day 30. In liver tissue, diabetes promoted a significant increase in hydroxyl radical production which correlated with lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. Besides, hyperglycemia significantly increased mitochondrial BAX protein expression, cytosolic cytochrome c levels, and caspase-3 activity leading to an increase in apoptotic index. Interestingly, the treatment of diabetic rats with desferoxamine or tempol (antioxidants/hydroxyl radical scavengers) significantly attenuated the increase in both hydroxyl radical production and in LPO produced by hyperglycemia, preventing apoptosis by reduction of mitochondrial BAX and cytosolic cytochrome c levels. Insulin treatment showed similar results. The finding that co-administration of antioxidants/hydroxyl radical scavengers together with insulin did not provide any additional benefit compared with those obtained using either inhibitors or insulin alone shows that it is likely that insulin prevents oxidative stress by reducing the effects of hydroxyl radicals. Importantly, insulin significantly increased apoptosis inhibitor protein expression by induction of its mRNA. Taken together, our studies support that, at least in part, the hydroxyl radical acts as a reactive intermediate, which leads to liver apoptosis in a model of STZ-mediated hyperglycemia. A new anti-apoptosis signal for insulin is shown, given by an increase of apoptosis inhibitor protein.
Casing Temperature and Stress Analysis in Steam-Injection Wells
Authors: Wu Jiang , Knauss Martin E. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
For steam injection parameters of greater than 700 psi and 500 deg F, a high production casing failure rate is often observed. This is due to severe thermal stress condition to the production casing string. The production casing may easily be in compression hot-yield under these conditions. This can lead to high casing failure risk in the forms of excessive deformation, buckling, and collapse. This paper presents an analysis on casing and cement stresses under the stated steam injection conditions. The interaction of casing-cement-formation is considered to help understand casing and cement failure mechanisms and potential approaches to reduce casing failures in cyclic steam frac wells. The loss of cement integrity and support to production casing string may occur under steam injection condition, which attributes to casing failures in the forms of excessive deformation, buckling, and collapse.
Field surveyed temperature in a cyclic steam frac well is also presented and compared with modeled casing temperatures to show the needs of correctly modeling casing temperatures. Recent casing design practices in some Bakersfield area cyclic steam frac projects, including the successful use of high strength grade casing such as P-110, are discussed in order to reduce casing failures in the cyclic steam frac wells.
Bioterrorism Knowledge and Educational Participation of Nurses in Missouri
Authors: Rebmann Terri , Mohr Lisa Buettner 
Published: February 2010

Background:Nurses are integral to bioterrorism preparedness, but nurses' bioterrorism preparedness knowledge has not been evaluated well.Methods:Missouri Nurses Association members (1,528) were studied in the summer of 2006 to assess their bioterrorism knowledge and the perceived benefits of education as well as barriers to education.Results:The response rate was 31%. Most respondents (60%,n= 284) received no bioterrorism education. Nurses who were nurse practitioners (t= −2.42,p< .05), were male (t= −2.99,p< .01), or were on a planning committee (t= −1.96,p= .05) had received more education than other nurses. The most commonly cited barrier to education (46.6%,n= 221) was not knowing where to obtain training. One third of respondents (31.2%) reported no interest in receiving bio-terrorism education in the future. Nurses' average score on the knowledge test was 73%. The most commonly missed questions pertained to infection control and decontamination procedures.Conclusion:Bioterrorism preparedness training should be offered through continuing education and nursing school curricula.J Contin Educ Nurs2010;41(2):67–76.
The Importance of Tobacco Cessation Training for Nurses in Serbia
Authors: Merrill Ray M. , Gagon Heather , Harmon Tanner , Milovic Ivan 
Published: February 2010

Background:
This study assessed smoking prevalence, attitudes, and perceived patient counseling responsibilities among practicing nurses in Serbia. The need for nurses to receive tobacco cessation training is explored.

Methods:
Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of 230 nurses at public institutions in Belgrade, a health care center in Belgrade, and public health care facilities throughout Serbia.

Results:

The smoking prevalence was 52% for male nurses and 47% for female nurses. Nurses had the greatest mean level of agreement with statements about controlling smoking through policy, followed by statements about being role models. Only 15% (
n
= 35) of nurses regularly counseled their patients about smoking, and only 16% of nurses (45% of males vs. 12% of females,
p
< .0001) had received training in counseling patients about smoking. Nurses' training in counseling patients about smoking was positively associated with the nurses' belief that their counseling could help patients stop smoking or never start smoking. In addition, nurses with training in counseling patients about smoking considered themselves significantly better prepared to assist patients to quit smoking. Nurses who smoked were significantly less likely to believe that their counseling about smoking could be effective. They also felt significantly less well prepared to assist patients to quit smoking.

Conclusion:
These findings show that nurses' training in tobacco cessation counseling results in greater self-perceived confidence and frequency of regular tobacco cessation counseling in Serbia.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2010;41(2):89–96.
Microskills in Office Teaching
Authors: Angela M. Allevi , J. Lindsey Lane 
Published: February 2010

CME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

1.
Determine the factors that contribute to a learner's development as a reflective practitioner.

2.
List steps an outpatient preceptor can take to maximize student and/or resident learning.

3.
Discuss precepting techniques that can be used to improve performance of patient-centered skills.
Challenges and Options for Patient Education in the Office Setting
Authors: D'Alessandro Donna M. 
Published: February 2010

CME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

1.
Delineate challenges to successful patient and family health education delivery in the office setting.

2.
Determine the deleterious effects of inadequate attention to health literacy and illuminate methods currently used by patients to empower themselves in health decision-making.

3.
Provide educational options to assist in partnering with patients and families to successfully deliver timely, effective, and useful education.
Primary Care Physicians and Hospitalists: Two Branches of the Same Tree
Authors: Seelbach Elizabeth Berry , Ottolini Mary C. 
Published: February 2010

CME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

1.
Describe the evolution of the practice of pediatric hospitalist medicine as a defined field.

2.
Assess the importance of communication between the primary care provider and the pediatric hospitalist and highlight the effect timely and ongoing communication can have on the quality of patient care delivered in the hospital as well as after discharge.

3.
Illuminate the role currently played by pediatric hospitalists in residency and medical student education and the need to plan for future training of pediatric house staff.
Attempting to Meet Our Nation's Pediatric Workforce Needs
Authors: Shipman Scott A. 
Published: February 2010

CME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

1.
Discuss the effect of increased sub-specialization and the expansion of non-physician clinicians on the role of the primary care pediatrician.

2.
Delineate changes in the general pediatric workforce, with emphasis on changes in gender balance, geographic distribution, part-time practice, and workforce diversity.

3.
Determine the opportunities available to pediatric training programs in shaping the role of the primary care generalist.
INTACS Followed by KeraRing Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segment Implantation for Keratoconus
Authors: Coskunseven Efekan , Kymionis George D. , Grentzelos Michael A. , Karavitaki Alexandra E. , Portaliou Dimitra M. , Jankov Mirko R. , Arslan Ebru 
Published: February 2010

PURPOSE:
To describe the visual and refractive outcomes in three eyes (two keratoconic patients) with previous intrastromal corneal ring segments (INTACS, Addition Technology Inc) that underwent adjuvant single KeraRing (Mediphacos) intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation.

METHODS:
Two keratoconic patients (three eyes) with implanted INTACS segments underwent an additional (without explanting previous INTACS) single KeraRing segment implantation.

RESULTS:
No intraoperative complications occurred. Six months postoperatively, uncorrected distance visual acuity improved from 20/100 and 20/200 to 20/32 and 20/40 in the right and left eyes, respectively, of patient 1, and from 20/400 to 20/50 in the treated right eye of patient 2. Corrected distance visual acuity improved from 20/50 and 20/100 to 20/30 and 20/32 in the right and left eyes, respectively, of patient 1 and from 20/200 to 20/40 in patient 2. Keratometric measurements improved from 51.00/45.70 to 47.00/44.60 diopters (D) and from 50.80/48.80 to 42.70/40.30 D in the right and left eyes, respectively, of patient 1, and from 49.30/45.70 to 45.60/44.10 D in patient 2.

CONCLUSIONS:

In keratoconic patients with INTACS in place, adjuvant single intrastromal corneal ring segment (KeraRing) implantation could improve visual and refractive outcome. [
J Refract Surg
. 2010;26:371–374.]
Effect of Pupil Size on Visual Acuity in a Laboratory Model of Pseudophakic Monovision
Authors: Kawamorita Takushi , Uozato Hiroshi , Handa Tomoya , Ito Misae , Shimizu Kimiya 
Published: February 2010

PURPOSE:
To investigate the effect of pupil size on visual acuity in pseudophakic monovision.

METHODS:
For the simulation, a modified Liou-Brennan model eye was used. The model eye was designed to include a centered optical system, corneal asphericity, an iris pupil, a Stiles–Crawford effect, an intraocular lens, and chromatic aberration. Calculation of the modulation transfer function (MTF) was performed with ZEMAX software. Visual acuity was estimated from the MTF and the retinal threshold curve. The sizes of the entrance pupil were 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 4.0 mm.

RESULTS:
Decreasing pupil diameter and increasing myopia progressively improved near visual acuity. For an entrance pupil size of 2.5 mm and a refractive error of −1.50 diopters, the logMAR value (Snellen; metric) in the non-dominant eye at 40 cm was 0.06 (20/23; 6/6.9).

CONCLUSIONS:

Knowledge of the patient's pupil diameter at near fixation can assist surgeons in determining the optimum degree of myopia for successful monovision. [
J Refract Surg.
2010;26:378–380.]
Corneal Spherical Aberration of Eyes with Cataract in a Japanese Population
Authors: Shimozono Masataka , Uemura Akiyoshi , Hirami Yasuhiko , Ishida Kazuhiro , Kurimoto Yasuo 
Published: February 2010

Purpose:
To investigate the distribution of corneal spherical aberration in Japanese eyes with cataract for implantation of aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods:

Corneal spherical aberration (Zernike coefficient

Z
4
0

) in the central 6-mm zone was measured with a wavefront analyzer (KR9000PW, Topcon) in 257 eyes of 168 Japanese patients with cataract. Axial length was also measured for each eye.

Results:

Mean corneal spherical aberration was 0.203±0.100 μm (range: −0.103 to 0.497 μm). A significant negative correlation was found between axial length and corneal spherical aberration (r=−0.135,
P
=.036).

Conclusions:
Corneal spherical aberration varied among cataract patients and correlated with axial length. Japanese patients showed a relatively smaller corneal spherical aberration than previous studies of Caucasians. Preoperative measurement of wavefront aberrations is thus important in using aspheric IOLs.
Treatment of Highly Aberrated Eyes Using the NIDEK CXIII Excimer Laser
Authors: Gatinel Damien , Bains Harkaran S. 
Published: February 2010

Purpose:
To describe the treatment of highly aberrated eyes due to previous excimer laser surgery or trauma.

Methods:
Three eyes (three patients) with reduced visual quality due to previous decentration or corneal laceration (one eye) underwent topography-guided ablation using the CXIII excimer laser (NIDEK Co Ltd) to correct residual refractive error and/or wavefront aberrations.

Results:
Postoperatively, one patient had a one-line increase in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) with a reduction in visual symptoms. At 2 months postoperatively, one patient maintained CDVA, increased uncorrected distance visual acuity from 20/20 to 20/15, and reported resolution of monocular diplopia. In all cases, the functional optical zone increased and wavefront aberrations decreased with selective flattening of the intended corneal region.

Conclusions:
Topography-guided ablation is an effective treatment of severe corneal aberrations due to surgery or trauma and can be selectively used to treat higher order aberrations with or without refractive error.
Effect of Topical 0.5% Morphine on Postoperative Pain After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Faktorovich Ella G. , Basbaum Allan I. 
Published: February 2010

Purpose:
To investigate safety and efficacy of 0.5% morphine drops for pain control after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods:
In a double-blind prospective study, 40 patients were randomized to either 0.5% morphine drops (n=20) or vehicle control (n=20). Treatment occurred every 2 hours following PRK on the day of the procedure, then four times daily on postoperative days 1 through 3. Patients completed pain assessment questionnaires (visual descriptor, numerical rating, visual analog scales, and oral analgesic consumption) every 2 hours while awake during the treatment period. Daily average and maximum scores were compared between the two groups. Patients were examined daily for 4 days after PRK, weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly for 3 months. Epithelial healing, corneal haze, and refractive outcomes were compared.

Results:

Both average and maximum pain scores were lower in the morphine group than in the vehicle control group on all scales and during all 4 days after PRK. Statistical significance (
P
<.05) was reached on numeric rating scale on procedure day and on postoperative day 1. The difference between the groups on the visual analog scale was statistically significant on procedure day, and on postoperative days 1 and 2. Oral analgesic consumption was higher in the vehicle control group on postoperative day 2. No difference between groups was noted in epithelial healing or refractive outcomes. Stromal haze scores were lower in the morphine group, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
Topical 0.5% morphine may be an effective and safe method of pain control after PRK.
Structural and dynamic properties of SPC/E water
Authors: Campo M. G. 
Published: February 2010

I have investigated the structural and dynamic properties of water by performing a series of molecular dynamic simulations in the range of temperatures from 213 K to 360 K, using the Simple Point Charge-Extended (SPC/E) model. I performed isobaric-isothermal simulations (1 bar) of 1185 water molecules using the GROMACS package. I quantified the structural properties using the oxygen-oxygen radial distribution functions, order parameters, and the hydrogen bond distribution functions, whereas, to analyze the dynamic properties I studied the behavior of the history-dependent bond correlation functions and the non-Gaussian parameter $\alpha_{2}(t)$ of the mean square displacement of water molecules. When the temperature decreases, the translational ($\tau$) and orientational ($Q$) order parameters are linearly correlated, and both increase indicating an increasing structural order in the systems. The probability of occurrence of four hydrogen bonds and $Q$ both have a reciprocal dependence with $T$, though the analysis of the hydrogen bond distributions permits to describe the changes in the dynamics and structure of water more reliably. Thus, an increase on the caging effect and the occurrence of long-time hydrogen bonds occur below $\sim$ 293 K, in the range of temperatures in which predominates a four hydrogen bond structure in the system.Received: 13 July 2009, Revised: 29 December 2009, Accepted: 7 February 2010; Edited by: S. A. Cannas; Reviewed by: P. Netz, Inst. de Química, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; DOI: 10.4279/PIP.020001
The Immunohistochemical Characterization of Human Fetal Olfactory Bulb and Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Culture as a Source for Clinical CNS Restoration
Authors: Liu Kai , Li Ying , Wang Hongmei , Jiang Xiaorong , Zhao Yanting , Sun Dongming , Chen Lin , Young Wise , Huang Hongyun , Zhou Changman 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTriple florescence labeling of human fetal olfactory ensheathing cells in culture under confocal microscopy. Red: p75, Green: GFAP, Blue: hoechest. In this issue, by Liu et al., on page 359.
Development of a zebrafish embryo teratogenicity assay and quantitative prediction model
Authors: Brannen Kimberly C. , Panzica‐Kelly Julieta M. , Danberry Tracy L. , Augustine‐Rauch Karen A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: A zebrafish (Danio rerio) teratogenicity assay has been developed and evaluated for its ability to predict the teratogenic potential of chemicals. METHODS: Zebrafish embryos were dechorionated and then exposed to a test solution from 4–6 hours post‐fertilization, and embryos or larvae were assessed up to 5 days post‐fertilization (dpf) for viability and morphology. In preliminary experiments, the potential time points for assessment of compound‐induced dysmorphology and general toxicity parameters were evaluated, and 5 dpf was found to be the optimum developmental stage for evaluation. Additionally, a morphological scoring system was devised to identify the developmental no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL). For assay evaluation, 34 compounds with adequate in vivo developmental toxicity data were chosen. The compound set represented diversity in teratogenic potencies, structural classes, and pharmacologic targets. For 31 test compounds, each was evaluated over a concentration range, while 3 others were insufficiently aqueous‐soluble to be fully tested. For each of the 31 tested compounds, the 5 dpf NOAEL was determined, and the concentration resulting in 25% lethality (LC25) was calculated by curve‐fitting. Teratogenic potential of each compound was predicted based on the ratio of the LC25 to the NOAEL. LC25/NOAEL ratios of 10 or greater were considered predictive of teratogenicity. RESULTS: The model successfully categorized 87% of the compounds as teratogens or non‐teratogens, with only 2 false‐positives (dimethyl phthalate and a Bristol‐Myers Squibb (BMS) investigative compound) and 2 false‐negatives (valproic acid and a BMS compound). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that this assay is promising for screening compounds for teratogenic potential. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:66–77, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant risk and surgical outcomes of presacral tailgut cysts
Authors: Mathis K L , Dozois E J , Grewal M S , Metzger P , Larson D W , Devine R M 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Presacral tailgut cysts are uncommon and few data exist on the outcomes following surgery.

Methods
Patients undergoing tailgut cyst resection at the Mayo Clinic between 1985 and 2008 were analysed retrospectively. Demographic data, clinicopathological features, operative details, postoperative complications and recurrence were reviewed.

Results
Thirty-one patients were identified (28 women), with a median age of 52 years. Seventeen patients were symptomatic and 28 had a palpable mass on digital rectal examination. Median cyst diameter was 4·4 cm. Four patients had a fistula to the rectum. Complete cyst excision was achieved in all patients; eight underwent distal sacral resection or coccygectomy. Postoperative complications occurred in eight patients but without 30-day mortality. Malignant transformation was present in four patients: adenocarcinoma in three and carcinoid in one. The cyst recurred in one patient after surgery for a benign lesion.

Conclusion
Presacral tailgut cysts should be removed due to the risk of malignant transformation.
Physical and Chemical Lipase Adsorption on SBA‐15: Effect of Different Interactions on Enzyme Loading and Catalytic Performance
Authors: Salis Andrea , Casula Maria F. , Bhattacharyya Mani S. , Pinna Marcella , Solinas Vincenzo , Monduzzi Maura 
Published: February 2010

AbstractImmobilization of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (Pfl) on the chemically modified, or unmodified, surface of SBA‐15 mesoporous silica has been achieved. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2 physisorption are used to monitor the effect of surface functionalization on the structural and textural features of the SBA‐15 silica support. The enzyme loading strongly depends on the type of enzyme–support interaction, the maximal loading of the chemisorbed lipase being about twice that of the physisorbed (502 and 256 mgprotein ${{\rm g}{{- 1\hfill \atop {\rm support}\hfill}}}$ respectively). The resulting biocatalysts, regardless of the different loading, are tested with a hydrolytic catalytic assay. Despite the lower loading, the physically immobilized Pfl is more active than that which is chemically immobilized. Both biocatalysts are also active in a green process for biodiesel production, leading to almost full conversion of sunflower oil and ethanol into the corresponding ethyl esters after about 7 h at 30 °C, atmospheric pressure, and in solvent‐free conditions. Recycling experiments showed that the chemically immobilized Pfl was still active after twenty reaction cycles whereas the physically immobilized Pfl lost its activity after the tenth cycle.
Interpretation of partial least squares regression models by means of target projection and selectivity ratio plots
Authors: Kvalheim Olav M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDisplays of latent variable regression models in variable and object space are provided to reveal model parameters useful for interpretation and to reveal the most influential x‐variables with respect to the predicted response. Although the target projected (TP) component obtained from a standard partial least square, or equivalently, the predictive component from orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) or partial least squares + similarity transform (PLS + ST) is maximally co‐varying with the response, the corresponding loadings are not necessarily the best choice for model interpretation and disclosure of the most important variables with respect to explaining the response. Selectivity ratio plot represents a bridge from co‐variance‐based TP loadings to correlation‐like localized information suitable for interpretation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.