bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Programmed Death-1 Ligand 1:B7-1 Pathway Restrains Diabetogenic Effector T Cells In Vivo
Authors: Paterson Alison M. , Brown Keturah E. , Keir Mary E. , Vanguri Vijay K. , Riella Leonardo V. , Chandraker Anil , Sayegh Mohamed H. , Blazar Bruce R. , Freeman Gordon J. , Sharpe Arlene H. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a coinhibitory molecule that negatively regulates multiple tolerance checkpoints. In the NOD mouse model, PD-L1 regulates the development of diabetes. PD-L1 has two binding partners, programmed death-1 and B7-1, but the significance of the PD-L1:B7-1 interaction in regulating self-reactive T cell responses is not yet clear. To investigate this issue in NOD mice, we have compared the effects of two anti–PD-L1 Abs that have different blocking activities. Anti–PD-L1 mAb 10F.2H11 sterically and functionally blocks only PD-L1:B7-1 interactions, whereas anti–PD-L1 mAb 10F.9G2 blocks both PD-L1:B7-1 and PD-L1:programmed death-1 interactions. Both Abs had potent, yet distinct effects in accelerating diabetes in NOD mice: the single-blocker 10F.2H11 mAb was more effective at precipitating diabetes in older (13-wk-old) than in younger (6- to 7-wk-old) mice, whereas the dual-blocker 10F.9G2 mAb rapidly induced diabetes in NOD mice of both ages. Similarly, 10F.2H11 accelerated diabetes in recipients of T cells from diabetic, but not prediabetic mice, whereas 10F.9G2 was effective in both settings. Both anti–PD-L1 mAbs precipitated diabetes in adoptive transfer models of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-driven diabetes. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the PD-L1:B7-1 pathway inhibits potentially pathogenic self-reactive effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo, and suggest that the immunoinhibitory functions of this pathway may be particularly important during the later phases of diabetogenesis.
Case report: MRI of decubital ischemic fasciitis
Authors: Ulus Ozden Sila , Karaarslan Ercan , Saglican Yesim , Yakupoglu Abdullah 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe MRI findings in a case of decubital ischemic fasciitis located posterolateral to the right greater trochanter, in a 72-year-old woman, are presented. Decubital ischemic fasciitis is an uncommon entity encountered mostly in debilitated, elderly patients, in the deep subcutaneous tissue, at pressure points or bony prominences. It can simulate soft-tissue sarcomas. Recognition of this lesion radiologically is important to prevent unnecessary interventions.
Technical note: Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma with contrast-enhanced ultrasound guidance: First Indian experience
Authors: Kapoor Atul , Kapoor Aprajita , Mahajan Goldaa 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an established alternative treatment to surgery and intra-arterial chemotherapy, usually performed under contrast-enhanced CT scan guidance. We describe our experience with the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast dynamics analysis for planning and monitoring RFA in a patient with HCC.
Utility of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of patients with ST segment elevation on an electrocardiogram
Authors: Rajiah Prabhakar 
Published: June 2011

AbstractST segment elevation is an important electrocardiographic (ECG) change that is typically found in acute myocardial infarction, but may also be seen in a variety of other conditions. MRI plays an important role in the evaluation of these patients. MRI not only establishes the diagnosis, which is essential for appropriate management, but also helps in the assessment of other factors that are important for risk stratification. In this review, we discuss the common and uncommon causes of ST segment elevation and the role of MRI in the evaluation of these disease processes.
Imaging of serous psammomacarcinoma of ovary with subcutaneous deposits: A case report
Authors: Diwakar Nagaraj , Kamble Ravindra B , Dixit Jagannath , Gangadhara Dashavara Sreekantaiah , Shetty Roshan V 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSerous psammomacarcinoma of ovary is a rare ovarian carcinoma. We present the imaging features of this condition in a patient with a probable metastatic subcutaneous nodule.
Effect of Four Different Placement Techniques on Marginal Microleakage in Class II Composite Restorations: An in vitro Study
Authors: Bugalia Anupriya , Usha G , Karthik J , Rao Raghoothama , Vedhavathi B 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Background and objectives
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different placement techniques (bulk, oblique incremental, centripetal and split horizontal) on marginal microleakage in class II composite restoration.

Method
Standardized class II preparations were made in 40 caries-free extracted molars and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): (1) Bulk technique (2) oblique incremental insertion technique,(3) centripetal incremental insertion technique and (4) split horizontal incremental insertion. The teeth were restored with a total-etch adhesive and nanocomposite resin. The specimens were immersed in a solution of 2% methylene blue for 24 hours, and subsequently evaluated for leakage. The microleakage scores (0 to 4) obtained from the occlusal and cervical walls were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05).

Results
Microleakage scores indicated that incremental technique was better than bulk for composite placement and among incremental techniques split incremental technique showed best results.

Conclusion
Incremental placement technique showed lower microleakage compared to bulk, and lower microleakage was seen at occlusal margin compared to gingival margin. Split horizontal incremental technique showed the least microleakage scores among incremental techniques
Morphological Evaluation of the Bovine Dentin prepared with High-speed Turbine or Er:YAG Laser and submitted to Different Adhesive Systems after Laser Etching
Authors: Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Huhtala Maria Filomena Rocha Lima , Teixeira Simone Cristina , Araujo Maria Amélia Máximo de 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effect of the Er:YAG laser at different settings on the surface of bovine dentin as well as adhesive systems. A total of 21 bovine teeth had their apexes embedded in chemically activated acrylic resin to allow sectioning of a dentin slice parallel to the buccal aspect of each tooth. Thus, group A (12 slices), prepared with the high-speed turbine, being four for analysis of the dentin surface, four for analysis of the interface and four for analysis of resin tags. Group B (9 slices) prepared with the Er:YAG laser, being three for analysis of the surface, three for analysis of the interface and three for analysis of resin tags. Each slice received a different treatment: etching with phosphoric acid, Er:YAG laser (60 mJ/10 Hz), conventional adhesive Excite (Vivadent) and self-etching adhesive One-Up Bond F (Tokuyama). For analysis of the interface, all slices were fractured for exposure of the resin/dentin bond. All slices were processed to allow evaluation by scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the Er:YAG laser employed both for preparation and dentin etching removed the smear layer, opened the dentinal tubules and yielded surface cracks; there was formation of a large amount and deep tags in the study groups, except for the slice prepared with diamond bur at high-speed and self-etching adhesive systems; the interfaces revealed adequate adaptation of the adhesive system/composite resin to the dentin, with little evidence of hybrid layer; also, the slice prepared with diamond bur, etched with phosphoric acid and receiving the Excite adhesive system displayed a porous hybrid layer.
Reattachment of an Autogenous Tooth Fragment in Complicated Crown Fracture
Authors: Kore Preeti , Kumar Shikhar 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
The occurrence of dental traumas in children is on the rise, according to the literature, and require correct and adequate treatment specific to each fracture in order to preserve the remaining tooth. This article reports a case of a complicated crown fracture of maxillary right central incisor. It describes the reattachment of the original tooth fragment to the fractured tooth, provides benefits of maintaining the tooth's shape, color texture and translucency of the restoration.
Horizontal Rectus Surgery in Duane Syndrome
Authors: Merino Pilar , Merino María , De Liaño Pilar Gómez , Blanco Natalia 
Published: June 2011

Purpose To study the results of horizontal rectus recession for treatment of Duane syndrome. Methods This was a retrospective study of 17 patients with Duane syndrome who underwent strabismus surgery between 2000 and 2008 with medial rectus recession for esotropic deviation or lateral rectus recession for exotropic deviation. The amount of surgery varied individually with the angle of deviation and abnormal head posture. Head turn was graded as mild, moderate, or severe. Botulinum toxin was injected in specific cases. An angle of deviation less than 10 PD and head turn less than 5° after surgery were considered good results. Results Treatment was successful in 12 cases (70.58%) and unsuccessful in 5 (4 with type I Duane syndrome and one with type III Duane syndrome); in 3 patients the deviation was undercorrected and 2 it was overcorrected. Ipsilateral medial rectus recession of less than 5 mm was performed in 12 patients, although 1 case with a recession of 7 experienced secondary adduction limitation. Abduction limitation was slightly improved in 29.41%. Mean follow-up was 50.59 months. Conclusions Moderate horizontal rectus recession is a simple and effective procedure in most patients with Duane syndrome and no secondary duction limitations. The technique only slightly improved abduction in one-third of the cases.
Reproducibility of musculoskeletal ultrasound for determining monosodium urate deposition: Concordance between readers
Authors: Howard Rennie G. , Pillinger Michael H. , Gyftopoulos Soterios , Thiele Ralf G. , Swearingen Christopher J. , Samuels Jonathan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveCriteria for sonographic diagnosis of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition have been developed, but the interreader reproducibility of this modality is not well established. We therefore assessed agreement using a systematic approach.MethodsFifty male subjects ages 55–85 years were recruited during primary care visits to an urban Veterans Affairs hospital, and were assessed by musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) of the knees and first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints to evaluate for the double contour sign and tophi as evidence of MSU crystal deposition. Images were read by 2 blinded rheumatologists trained in musculoskeletal US, and the degree of concordance was determined for individual subjects, total joints, femoral articular cartilage (FAC), and first MTP joints. Subjects were further categorized into 3 diagnostic groups: gout, asymptomatic hyperuricemia (no gout, serum uric acid [UA] ≥6.9 mg/dl), and controls (no gout, serum UA ≤6.8 mg/dl), and reader concordance within these 3 groups was assessed.ResultsWe observed almost perfect agreement between readers for 1) individual subjects (yes/no; n = 50, 100% agreement, κ = 1.000), 2) total joints (n = 200, 99% agreement, κ = 0.942), 3) FAC (n = 100, 99% agreement, κ = 0.942), and 4) first MTP joints (n = 100, 99% agreement, κ = 0.942). Furthermore, findings by side (right/left) and diagnostic group (gout, asymptomatic hyperuricemia, control) showed substantial to almost perfect concordance for all measures. MSU deposition was seen most commonly in gout patients, and deposition was also seen in some subjects with asymptomatic hyperuricemia, but in only 1 control.ConclusionMusculoskeletal US is reliable for detecting MSU deposition in FAC and first MTP joints in gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia.
Very early improvements in the wrist and hand assessed by power doppler sonography predicting later favorable responses in tocilizumab‐treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kume Kensuke , Amano Kanzo , Yamada Susumu , Hatta Kazuhiko , Kuwaba Noriko , Ohta Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the response of tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by ultrasonographic evaluation of changes in the wrist and hand, and to determine whether such assessments during early TCZ treatment predict later clinical outcome.MethodsThirty‐two RA patients about to receive TCZ treatment were examined by ultrasound at baseline and after 2 weeks using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials semiquantitative scoring of 22 joints (both wrists, proximal interphalangeal joints 1–5, and metacarpophalangeal joints 1–5) as well as clinical and laboratory variables, leading to a calculation of composite indexes. The aim was to determine whether methotrexate treatment and clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic evaluation after 2 weeks of TCZ treatment predict treatment outcome at 24 weeks, as assessed by the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28).ResultsChanges of ultrasound scores after 2 weeks were found to be correlated with changes in DAS28 at 24 weeks (r = 0.545–0.622, P < 0.05). The change of sum power Doppler scores after 2 weeks of treatment was identified as the variable most closely correlated with the change in DAS28 at 24 weeks (r = 0.622, P < 0.05).ConclusionThe best predictors after 2 weeks of favorable treatment outcome at 24 weeks were improved power Doppler scores. Methotrexate treatment and composite indexes did not predict favorable treatment outcome in this study.
Preparation and evaluation of an antibacterial dental cement containing quaternary ammonium salts
Authors: Weng Yiming , Guo Xia , Gregory Richard L. , Xie Dong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA novel PQAS‐containing antibacterial glass‐ionomer cement has been developed. The functional QAS and their constructed PQAS were synthesized, characterized, and formulated into the light‐cured cements. Compressive strength (CS) and bacterial (S. mutans and lactobacillus) viability were used to evaluate the mechanical strength and antibacterial activity of the cements. Flexural (FS) and diametral tensile strengths (DTS) were tested as well. Fuji II LC cement was used as control. The specimens were conditioned in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h prior to testing. All the PQAS‐containing cements showed a significant antibacterial activity, accompanying with an initial CS reduction. The effects of chain length, loading, and grafting ratio of the QAS were significant. Increasing chain length, loading, grafting ratio significantly enhanced antibacterial activity but reduced the initial CS of the formed cements. The antibacterial effect of the substitute chain lengths from free QAS seem more significant in water than those from their polymers (PQAS) after integrating to the cement. The experimental cement showed less CS reduction and higher antibacterial activity than Fuji II LC. The long‐term aging study indicates that the cement might have a long‐lasting antibacterial function with no PQAS leaching. Within the limitations of this study, it appears that the experimental cement is a clinically attractive dental restorative that can be potentially used for long‐lasting restorations due to its high mechanical strength and long‐lasting antibacterial function. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Exfoliated poly (styrene‐co‐methylstyrene) grafted‐polyaniline/layered double hydroxide nanocomposite synthesized by solvent blending method
Authors: Abbasian Mojtaba 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWell defined poly (styrene‐co‐methylstyrene) grafted polyaniline/organo‐modified MgAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) was produced through solution intercalation method. After LDH nanoparticles were modified by the anion exchange reaction of MgAl (Cl) LDH with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, Poly (styrene‐co‐methylstyrene) copolymers were synthesized by “living” free radical polymerization and then brominated with N‐bromosuccinimide. Afterwards, 1,4‐phenylenediamine was linked to brominated copolymers and prepared functionalized copolymer with amine. Poly (St‐co‐MSt)‐g‐PANI, has been synthesized by adding solution of ammonium persulfate and p‐toluenesufonic acid in DMSO solvent. Finally, Poly (styrene‐co‐methylstyrene) grafted‐Polyaniline/LDH nanocomposites were prepared by solution intercalation method. Characterization of these well‐defined nanocomposites included FT‐IR, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis by residual lignins from softwood—study of enzyme binding and inactivation on lignin‐rich surface
Authors: Rahikainen Jenni , Mikander Saara , Marjamaa Kaisa , Tamminen Tarja , Lappas Angelos , Viikari Liisa , Kruus Kristiina 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLignin‐derived inhibition is a major obstacle restricting the enzymatic hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides especially with softwood lignocellulosics. Enzyme adsorption on lignin is suggested to contribute to the inhibitory effect of lignin. The interaction of cellulases with softwood lignin was studied in the present work with commercial Trichoderma reesei cellulases (Celluclast) and lignin‐rich residues isolated from steam pretreated softwood (SPS) by enzymatic and acid hydrolysis. Both lignin preparations inhibited the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) and adsorbed the major cellulases present in the commercial cellulase mixture. The adsorption phenomenon was studied at low temperature (4°C) and at the typical hydrolysis temperature (45°C) by following activities of free and lignin‐bound enzymes. Severe inactivation of the lignin‐bound enzymes was observed at 45°C, however at 4°C the enzymes retained well their activity. Furthermore, SDS–PAGE analysis of the lignin‐bound enzymes indicated that very strong interactions form between the residue and the enzymes at 45°C, because the enzymes were not released from the residue in the electrophoresis. These results suggest that heat‐induced denaturation may take place on the surface of softwood lignin at the hydrolysis temperature. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2823–2834. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Well plate microfluidic system for investigation of dynamic platelet behavior under variable shear loads
Authors: Conant Carolyn G. , Schwartz Michael A. , Beecher Jody E. , Rudoff Roger C. , Ionescu‐Zanetti Cristian , Nevill J. Tanner 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe study of platelet behavior in real‐time under controlled shear stress offers insights into the underlying mechanisms of many vascular diseases and enables evaluation of platelet‐focused therapeutics. The two most common methods used to study platelet behavior at the vessel wall under uniform shear flow are parallel plate flow chambers and cone‐plate viscometers. Typically, these methods are difficult to use, lack experimental flexibility, provide low data content, are low in throughput, and require large reagent volumes. Here, we report a well plate microfluidic (WPM)‐based system that offers high throughput, low reagent consumption, and high experimental flexibility in an easy to use well plate format. The system consists of well plates with an integrated array of microfluidic channels, a pneumatic interface, an automated microscope, and software. This WPM system was used to investigate dynamic platelet behavior under shear stress. Multiple channel designs are presented and tested for shear loads with whole blood to determine their applicability to study thrombus formation. Normal physiological shear (0.1–20 dyn/cm2) and pathological shear (20–200 dyn/cm2) devices were used to study platelet behavior in vitro under various shear, matrix coating, and monolayer conditions. The high physiological relevance, low blood consumption, and increased throughput create a valuable technique available to vascular biology researchers. The approach also has extensibility to other research areas including inflammation, cancer biology, and developmental/stem cell research. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2978–2987. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accelerating Value‐at‐Risk estimation on highly parallel architectures
Authors: Dixon M. F. , Chong J. , Keutzer K. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYValues of portfolios in modern financial markets may change precipitously with changing market conditions. The utility of financial risk management tools is dependent on whether they can estimate Value‐at‐Risk (VaR) of portfolios on‐demand when key decisions need to be made. However, VaR estimation of portfolios uses the Monte Carlo method, which is a computationally intensive method often run as an overnight batch job. With the proliferation of highly parallel computing platforms such as multicore CPUs and manycore graphics processing units (GPUs), teraFLOPS of computation capability is now available on a desktop computer, enabling the VaR of large portfolios with thousands of risk factors to be computed within only a fraction of a second.Achieving such performance in practice requires the assimilation of expertise in the following three areas: (i) application domain; (ii) statistical analytics; and (iii) parallel computing. This paper demonstrates that these areas of expertise inform optimization perspectives that, when combined, lead to 127×speedup on our CPU‐based implementation and 538×speedup on our GPU‐based implementation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic demand models for probabilistic risk analysis of near fault vertical ground motion effects on ordinary highway bridges
Authors: Gulerce Zeynep , Erduran Emrah , Kunnath Sashi K. , Abrahamson Norman A. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThe influence of vertical ground motions on the seismic response of highway bridges is not very well understood. Recent studies suggest that vertical ground motions can substantially increase force and moment demands on bridge columns and girders and cannot be overlooked in seismic design of bridge structures. For an evaluation of vertical ground motion effects on the response of single‐bent two‐span highway bridges, a systematic study combining the critical engineering demand parameters (EDPs) and ground motion intensity measures (IMs) is required. Results of a parametric study examining a range of highway bridge configurations subjected to selected sets of horizontal and vertical ground motions are used to determine the structural parameters that are significantly amplified by the vertical excitations. The amplification in these parameters is modeled using simple equations that are functions of horizontal and vertical spectral accelerations at the corresponding horizontal and vertical fundamental periods of the bridge. This paper describes the derivation of seismic demand models developed for typical highway overcrossings by incorporating critical EDPs and combined effects of horizontal and vertical ground motion IMs depending on the type of the parameter and the period of the structure. These models may be used individually as risk‐based design tools to determine the probability of exceeding the critical levels of EDP for pre‐determined levels of ground shaking or may be included explicitly in probabilistic seismic risk assessments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.