bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial kinematics of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and their close companions from Integral Field Unit spectroscopy
Authors: Brough S. , Tran K.-V. , Sharp R. G. , von der Linden A. , Couch Warrick J. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We present Integral Field Unit (IFU) spectroscopy of four brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) at z ∼ 0.1. Three of the BCGs have close companions within a projected radius of 20 kpc and one has no companion within that radius. We calculate the dynamical masses of the BCGs and their companions to be 1.4 × 1011 &lt; Mdyn(M⊙) &lt; 1.5 × 1012. We estimate the probability that the companions of the BCGs are bound using the observed masses and velocity offsets. We show that the lowest mass companion (1:4) is not bound while the two nearly equal mass (1:1.45 and 1:1.25) companions are likely to merge with their host BCGs in 0.35 Gyr in major, dry mergers. We conclude that some BCGs continue to grow from major merging even at z ∼ 0. We analyse the stellar kinematics of these systems using the λR parameter developed by the SAURON team. This offers a new and unique means to measure the stellar angular momentum of BCGs and make a direct comparison to other early-type galaxies. The BCGs and their companions have similar ellipticities to those of other early-type galaxies but are more massive. We find that not all these massive galaxies have low λRe as one might expect. One of the four BCGs and the two massive companions are found to be fast-rotating galaxies with high angular momentum, thereby providing a new test for models of galaxy evolution and the formation of intracluster light.
A New Naturally Derived Photosensitizer and Its Phototoxicity on Head and Neck Cancer Cells
Authors: Lim Siang Hui , Lee Hong Boon , Ho Anthony Siong Hock 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn our screening for photosensitizers from natural resources, 151‐hydroxypurpurin‐7‐lactone ethyl methyl diester (compound 1) was isolated for the first time from an Araceae plant. To evaluate the efficacy of compound 1 as a photosensitizer for head and neck cancers, compound 1 was studied in reference to a known photosensitizer pheophorbide‐a (Pha), in terms of photophysical properties, singlet oxygen generation and in in vitro experiments (intracellular uptake and phototoxicity assays) in two oral (HSC2 and HSC3) and two nasopharyngeal (HK1 and C666‐1) cancer cell lines. In this study, compound 1 exhibited higher intracellular uptake over 24 h compared with Pha in both HSC3 and HK1 cells. When activated by ≥4.8 J cm−2 of light, compound 1 was slightly more potent as a photosensitizer than Pha by consistently having marginally lower IC50 values across different cell lines. In flow cytometry experiments to study the mechanism of photoactivated cell death in HSC3, compound 1 was observed to induce more pronounced apoptosis compared with Pha, which may have been driven by the transient G2/M cell cycle block which was also observed. These promising results on compound 1 warrant its further investigation as a clinically useful photodynamic therapy agent for head and neck cancer.
Vitamin D Status of Adults from Tropical Australia Determined Using Two Different Laboratory Assays: Implications for Public Health Messages
Authors: Nowak Madeleine , Harrison Simone L. , Buettner Petra G. , Kimlin Michael , Porter David , Kennedy Lee , Speare Rick 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe measured serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels of ambulatory adults in tropical Australia to determine whether it is appropriate to continue promoting sun‐safety in this population. In August 2006 (winter), self‐administered questionnaires were completed by 145 Meals‐on‐Wheels volunteers (49.3% male; mean age 57.8 ± 14.7 years; 76.6% response) from Townsville, Queensland (Latitude 19oS). Serum 25(OH)D was analyzed using two common assays. Mean levels were 68.3 (SD ± 18.7; range 26–142) by DiaSorin Radioimmunoassay and 83.0 (SD ± 30.8; range 30–184) by DiaSorin Liaison® one. No participants were 25(OH)D deficient (<25 nmol L−1). Nine participants (6.2%) had 25(OH)D levels between 25 and 50 nmol L−1 (insufficient), by both methods (seven with a BMI ≥ 25). Twenty‐eight participants (19.3%) had one result in the insufficient range and the other in the adequate range. Thus, almost all of these free‐living adults in tropical Australia had adequate vitamin D levels at the end of winter. There was poor agreement between the two 25(OH)D assays. These results suggest it is appropriate to continue promoting sun‐safe messages to the ambulatory Caucasian adult population of North Queensland, which has an extremely high incidence of skin cancer. The lack of agreement between the two assays is a concern. Few doctors are aware of this measurement issue.
Thermal
and Hydraulic Performance of Counterflow Microchannel Heat Exchangers With and Without
Nanofluids
Authors: Seyf Hamid
Reza , Keshavarz
Mohammadian Shahabeddin 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
This paper analyzes the thermal and hydraulic performance of a counterflow microchannel heat exchanger (CFMCHE) with and without nanofluid as working fluid. A 3D conjugate heat transfer simulation is carried out using a finite volume approach to evaluate the effects of inlet Reynolds number, Brownian motion, and volume fraction of nanoparticles on the pumping power, effectiveness, and performance index of CFMCHE. The accuracy of the code has been verified by comparing the results with those available in the literature. A single phase approach is used for the nanofluid modeling. The base fluid used in the analyses as a basis for comparison was pure water. Two types of nanofluids, namely, water-Al2O3 with a mean diameter of 47 nm and water-CuO with a mean diameter of 29 nm, each one with three different volume fractions, are utilized. In addition, two temperature dependent models for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids that account for the fundamental role of Brownian motion are used. Calculated results demonstrate that the effectiveness and performance index of CFMCHE decrease with increasing Reynolds number. Moreover, it is observed that the relative enhancements in the pumping power become more prominent for higher values of Reynolds numbers. It was also found that the performance index and pumping power are not sensitive to volume fraction at higher and lower Reynolds numbers, respectively.
CALCULUS ON FRACTAL SUBSETS OF REAL LINE — II: CONJUGACY WITH ORDINARY CALCULUS
Authors: PARVATE ABHAY , GANGAL A. D. 
Published: May 2011

Calculus on fractals, or Fα-calculus, developed in a previous paper, is a calculus based fractals F ⊂ R, and involves Fα-integral and Fα-derivative of orders α, 0 < α ≤ 1, where α is the dimension of F. The Fα-integral is suitable for integrating functions with fractal support of dimension α, while the Fα-derivative enables us to differentiate functions like the Cantor staircase. Several results in Fα-calculus are analogous to corresponding results in ordinary calculus, such as the Leibniz rule, fundamental theorems, etc. The functions like the Cantor staircase function occur naturally as solutions of Fα-differential equations. Hence the latter can be used to model processes involving fractal space or time, which in particular include a class of dynamical systems exhibiting sublinear behaviour. In this paper we show that, as operators, the Fα-integral and Fα-derivative are conjugate to the Riemann integral and ordinary derivative respectively. This is accomplished by constructing a map ψ which takes Fα-integrable functions to Riemann integrable functions, such that the corresponding integrals on appropriate intervals have equal values. Under suitable conditions, a restriction of ψ also takes Fα-differentiable functions to ordinarily differentiable functions such that their values at appropriate points are equal. Further, this conjugacy is generalized to one between Sobolev spaces in ordinary calculus and Fα-calculus. This conjugacy is useful, among other things, to find solutions to Fα-differential equations: they can be mapped to ordinary differential equations, and the solutions of the latter can be transformed back to get those of the former. This is illustrated with a few examples.
IL-4R Drives Dedifferentiation, Mitogenesis, and Metastasis in Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Hosoyama Tohru , Aslam Mohammed Imran , Abraham Jinu , Prajapati Suresh I. , Nishijo Koichi , Michalek Joel E. , Zarzabal Lee Ann , Nelon Laura D. , Guttridge Denis C. , Rubin Brian P. , Keller Charles 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPurpose: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood. The alveolar subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a paradigm for refractory and incurable solid tumors because more than half of the children at diagnosis have either regional lymph node or distant metastases. These studies follow our previous observation that Interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) is upregulated in both human and murine ARMS, and that the IL-4R signaling pathway may be a target for abrogating tumor progression.Experimental Design: By in vitro biochemical and cell biology studies as well as preclinical studies using a genetically engineered mouse model, we evaluated the role of IL-4 and IL-13 in IL-4R–mediated mitogenesis, myodifferentiation, and tumor progression.Results: IL-4 and IL-13 ligands accelerated tumor cell growth and activated STAT6, Akt, or MAPK signaling pathways in the human RMS cell lines, RD and Rh30, as well as in mouse primary ARMS cell cultures. IL-4 and IL-13 treatment also decreased protein expression of myogenic differentiation factors MyoD and Myogenin, indicating a loss of muscle differentiation. Using a genetically engineered mouse model of ARMS, we have shown that inhibition of IL-4R signaling pathway with a neutralizing antibody has a profound effect on the frequency of lymph node and pulmonary metastases, resulting in significant survival extension in vivo.Conclusions: Our results indicate that an IL-4R-dependent signaling pathway regulates tumor cell progression in RMS, and inhibition of this pathway could be a promising adjuvant therapeutic approach. Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 2757–66. ©2011 AACR.
FUS-CREB3L2/L1–Positive Sarcomas Show a Specific Gene Expression Profile with Upregulation of CD24 and FOXL1
Authors: Möller Emely , Hornick Jason L. , Magnusson Linda , Veerla Srinivas , Domanski Henryk A. , Mertens Fredrik 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is typically characterized by the specific translocation t(7;16)(q33;p11) and the corresponding fusion gene FUS-CREB3L2. The present study aimed to extract LGFMS-specific, and putatively FUS-CREB3L2–dependent, gene expression patterns to learn more about the pathogenesis of this tumor.
Experimental Design: We carried out single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and global gene expression array analyses, and/or immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses on 24 LGFMS tumor biopsies. Tumor types that are important differential diagnoses to LGFMS were included as comparison in the gene and protein expression analyses. In addition, cells that stably expressed FUS-CREB3L2 were analyzed with gene expression array and the influence of FUS-CREB3L2 on gene expression was investigated in vitro.
Results: The SNP array analysis detected recurrent microdeletions in association with the t(7;16) chromosomal breakpoints and gain of 7q in cases with ring chromosomes. Gene expression analysis clearly distinguished LGFMS from morphologically similar tumors and MUC4 was identified as a potential diagnostic marker for LGFMS by gene expression and IHC analysis. FOXL1 was identified as the top upregulated gene in LGFMS and CD24 was upregulated in both LGFMS tumors and FUS-CREB3L2 expressing cells. FUS-CREB3L2 was capable of activating transcription from CD24 regulatory sequences in luciferase assays, suggesting an important role for the upregulation of this gene in LGFMS.
Conclusions: The gene expression profile of LGFMS is distinct from that of soft tissue tumors with similar morphology. The data could be used to identify a potential diagnostic marker for LGFMS and to identify possible FUS-CREB3L2 regulated genes. Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 2646–56. ©2011 AACR.
Population diet variation and individual specialization in the poison toad, Melanophryniscus rubriventris (Vellard, 1947)
Authors: Quiroga María Fernanda , Vaira Marcos , Bonansea Maria Ines 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFew studies have investigated the level of individual variation in diet composition of poisonous frogs and toads. We compare the diet composition of three populations of a poisonous toad, Melanophryniscus rubriventris, and predicted that toads within a population might be constrained to forage on particular types of alkaloid-containing prey and consequently diets among populations might not diverge from each other. Most important prey categories in the diets of the three populations consisted of the same ground-dwelling arthropods. We found evidence for individuals consuming different arrays of prey types in all populations implying that this “generalist” species is actually comprised of individuals eating different sets of the available range of prey. Formicidae, Acari, and Coleoptera were all important alkaloid-containing prey items in the diets of all populations and individuals, although there were differences in their order of importance among populations and individuals use different sets of the entire range of alkaloid-containing preys. Future research should evaluate individual diet variation in other poisonous anurans taxa given that shifts in diet composition might have important implications for understanding the consequences of alternate foraging strategies in the evolution of defensive strategies among species.
Substrate preference of eastern red-backed salamanders, Plethodon cinereus: A comparison of deciduous and coniferous substrates
Authors: Rettig Jessica , Renaldo Kyle , Smith Geoffrey , Helleman Brandon , Riley Ja-Nell , Murch Cecilia 
Published: May 2011

AbstractForest tree composition can affect the distribution and abundance of terrestrial salamanders. We examined the effect of leaf litter type (deciduous or coniferous) and soil type (deciduous and coniferous) on red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) substrate choice using a series of laboratory experiments. Salamanders preferred deciduous leaves over coniferous pine needles and the deciduous soil/deciduous leaf litter combination over all others. In addition, our results suggest that leaf litter type may be more important than soil type in influencing salamander substrate preference in our study. Our results suggest that behavioural avoidance may partially explain differences in P. cinereus abundances in deciduous and coniferous forest habitats.
On the anuran muscle pulmonum proprius
Authors: Alcalde Leandro 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe present contribution provides a systematic survey on the variation of the musculus pulmonum proprius within Anura. Evidence is contrary to previous works that presented the muscle as an enigmatic feature present only in the family Pipidae. Although having different sites of origin, the m. pulmonum proprius was observed in all examined anurans. The muscle originates at the level of the transverse processes of the fourth vertebra in the neobatrachian families Bufonidae, Calyptocephalellidae, Ceratophryidae, Cycloramphidae, Dendrobatidae, Hylidae, Hylodidae, Leiuperidae, Leptodactylidae, Mantellidae, Microhylidae, Ptychadenidae and Ranidae. In Bombina variegata (Bombinatoridae) the origin of the muscle shifts caudally at the level of the transverse process of the sacral vertebra and, in Pipidae, it originates either at the ilium (Xenopus) or the femur (Pipa). Features of the m. pulmonum proprius do not vary in species with different modes of locomotion within Neobatrachia and there is no sexual dimorphism in this muscle. It is absent in the genera Salamandra (Caudata) and Chthonerpeton (Gymnophiona). Pending verification in Leiopelmatidae, the presence of m. pulmonum proprius may be considered as a previously unknown anuran synapomorphy.
Implementation of a long-term monitoring program of the ocellated lizard (Timon lepidus) population on Oleron Island
Authors: Grillet Pierre , Cheylan Marc , Thirion Jean-Marc , Doré Florian , Besnard Aurélien 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe ocellated lizard Timon lepidus (Sauria; Lacertidae) has declined throughout most of its range. Habitat fragmentation and habitat loss seem to be mainly responsible for the species' decline. The ocellated lizard population of Oleron Island, confined to a longshore dune of 140 ha, is the subject of a long-term monitoring study established in 2007. The monitoring method consists of 70 plots (50 × 50 m) randomly placed within a study area divided into six distinct zones. Three surveys were conducted in the study area over the spring season of 2007. During each survey, we counted the individuals in each plot. These counts were analyzed with the PRESENCE 2.0 and the R package Unmarked software using two different modeling approaches, the 'site-occupancy model' and the 'N-mixture model'. Estimates resulting from our analyses indicated the proportion of occupied plots to be 0.76. Our results indicated that the ocellated lizard has a highly heterogeneous distribution on Oleron Island, with parts of the dune sheltering clusters of lizards, and other areas totally unoccupied. The population size was estimated to be 516 individuals (95% CI 248-783). The relative abundance of ocellated lizards on the island can be principally explained by the presence of permanent shelters (used both during winter and the lizards' active period), including rabbit and rodent burrows and artificial shelters. This monitoring survey will be replicated every three years to enable us to calculate the species' colonization and local extinction probabilities. These results will help in evaluating and guiding management and conservation measures.
Does the exotic invader turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans, compete for food with coexisting native turtles?
Authors: Díaz-Paniagua Carmen , Pérez-Santigosa Natividad , Hidalgo-Vila Judith , Florencio Margarita 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNowadays, established populations of exotic turtles, Trachemys scripta elegans, coexist with native turtles in the wild in southern Spain. We analysed the diet of this exotic species and compared it with the diet of the two native species (Mauremys leprosa and Emys orbicularis) in two ponds. The exotic turtle is an opportunistic omnivore. In one of our study ponds where exotic invasive crayfish were very abundant, adult and juvenile exotic turtles fed mainly on this prey. In the other study pond, juveniles fed mainly on animal matter and adults ate similar proportions of plants and animals. Native turtles also ingested mainly crayfish in the first study pond, but M. leprosa were mainly herbivorous in the second pond. We did not detect strong differences among the diets of the three species. While native species significantly differ in their diets, the exotic turtles did not differ from some groups of native ones. Exotic turtles had the widest range of food, overlapping the food spectra of different age groups of the two native species in both localities. Comparing with previous reports on native turtles diet of the same area, our results did not reveal changes in the diet which could be associated to interactions with exotic turtles, but the observed shift to a higher proportion of animals in the diet in one of the ponds were mainly due to the high abundance of exotic crayfish.
Escape strategy and vocalization during escape by American Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus)
Authors: Cooper, Jr. William 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAmerican bullfrogs, Lithobates catesbeianus, escape by jumping into water and submerging, often vocalizing as they flee. I studied effects of several risk factors on escape and refuge use and the association between vocalization by fleeing frogs and escape by other individuals nearby. Frogs on shore permitted equally close approach when approached along the shore or on a path perpendicular to shore. Frogs in water were more likely to flee when closer to shore and when approached more rapidly. Time spent submerged after fleeing was uncorrelated with proximity of the predator upon escape. Frogs spent longer submerged when they swam along shore away from the point of entry than when they surfaced directly offshore. Neither distance offshore nor Euclidean distance from the entry point upon emergence was related to time spent submerged. Bullfrogs may use unpredictability of distance and direction moved underwater and of duration of submergence as a strategy that reduce risk upon surfacing. When a focal frog vocalized as it fled, immediate escape by nearby nonfocal frogs was more frequent than when focal frogs (1) escaped without vocalization and (2) neither escaped nor vocalized. These findings are consistent with either alarm calling or benefit to the fleeing individual due to brief delay of attack by a predator. They are inconsistent with several other possible functions of calling during escape. Experimentation is needed to definitively test the hypothesis that calls during escape are alarm signals.
A tribute to Hubert Saint Girons: niche separation between Vipera aspis and V. berus on the basis of distribution models
Authors: Gentilli Augusto , Sacchi Roberto , Mangiacotti Marco , Scali Stefano 
Published: May 2011

AbstractInterspecific competition in contact areas is a major topic in ecological studies. A number of studies were carried out on European vipers, focusing on contact areas between two or three species characterized as appropriate by ecological needs more or less similar. The aim of this study is to extend the analysis of this topic to the case of Vipera aspis and V. berus in an alpine area of northern Italy, by comparing suitability models to verify which ecological factors affect their occurrence and to assess a possible niche separation. Potential distribution was modelled using the maximum entropy method, using six non-correlated ecogeographical variables as predictors. The models fitted well for both species (mean AUC = 0.926; 87.4% of testing data correctly classified). The most informative variables were: habitat, altitude and solar radiation for the asp viper; altitude and habitat for the adder. Deciduous woods, meadows and urban areas had a positive effect on V. aspis distribution as wetlands, meadows and rocks vegetation did on V. berus. However, the variable best separating the species was the elevation, the adder occurring more frequently at higher altitude than the asp viper. Our data showed that the two vipers were mutually exclusive, as already observed by Saint Girons in 1975. Vipera aspis is more thermophilic and lives at low altitude, while Vipera berus lives under cool and humid areas typical of alpine pastures. A similar pattern were found in the contact areas between European vipers belonging to the V. aspis and Pelias group respectively.