bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing GES-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase in
Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Bonnin Rémy A. , Nordmann Patrice , Potron Anaïs , Lecuyer Hervé , Zahar Jean-Ralph , Poirel Laurent 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter baumannii
isolate AP was recovered from a bronchial lavage of a patient hospitalized in Paris, France.
A. baumannii
AP was resistant to all β-lactams, including carbapenems, and produced the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) GES-14, which differs from GES-1 by two substitutions, Gly170Ser and Gly243Ala. Cloning of the
bla
GES-14
gene followed by its expression in
Escherichia coli
showed that GES-14 compromised significantly the efficacy of all β-lactams, including cephalosporins, aztreonam, and carbapenems. The carbapenemase activity of purified GES-14 was confirmed by kinetic studies. The
bla
GES-14
gene was located into a class 1 integron structure and located onto a ca. 95-kb self-transferable plasmid. This study identified a very broad-spectrum β-lactamase in
A. baumannii
.
Activity of Deferasirox in
Mucorales
: Influences of Species and Exogenous Iron
Authors: Lewis Russell E. , Pongas Georgios N. , Albert Nathaniel , Ben-Ami Ronen , Walsh Thomas J. , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Differences in deferasirox susceptibility among members of the order
Mucorales
are unknown. Here we show that
Cunninghamella
bertholletiae
(four isolates) and
Mucor
species (five isolates) display higher deferasirox MICs and minimal fungicidal concentrations compared to
Rhizopus
species (six isolates). Exogenous iron further attenuated the deferasirox susceptibility of
Mucorales
isolates with low MICs. Vital staining revealed damage to subapical compartments in susceptible strains.
Failure of Vancomycin Continuous Infusion against Experimental Endocarditis Due to Vancomycin-Intermediate
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Entenza J. M. , Veloso T. R. , Vouillamoz J. , Giddey M. , Moreillon P. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Continuous infusion of vancomycin was evaluated against experimental endocarditis due to heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate
Staphylococcus aureus
(hVISA) and VISA. Animals were infected with hVISA PC1 (vancomycin MIC, 2 mg/liter) or VISA PC3 (vancomycin MIC, 8 mg/liter) and treated for 5 days with constant serum levels of 20 or 40 mg/liter. Vancomycin continuous infusion was unsuccessful, as 20 mg/liter was barely active against PC1 (6 of 13 sterile vegetations) and 40 mg/liter failed against PC3 (2 of 9 sterile vegetations).
Sequence of pR3521, an IncB Plasmid fromEscherichia coliEncoding ACC-4, SCO-1, and TEM-1 β-Lactamases
Authors: Papagiannitsis C. C. , Tzouvelekis L. S. , Kotsakis S. D. , Tzelepi E. , Miriagou V. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThe sequence of pR3521, a self-transmissible plasmid fromEscherichia coli, was determined. pR3521 (110,416 bp) comprised a contiguous IncB sequence (84,034 bp) sharing extensive similarities with IncI replicons and an acquired region (26,382 bp) carrying sequences of diverse origin, containingblaACC-4,blaSCO-1,blaTEM-1b(two copies),strA,strB,sul2, andaacC2.
Molecular Characterization of Fluoroquinolone Resistance inMycobacterium tuberculosis: Functional Analysis ofgyrAMutation at Position 74
Authors: Lau Ricky W. T. , Ho Pak-Leung , Kao Richard Y. T. , Yew Wing-Wai , Lau Terrence C. K. , Cheng Vincent C. C. , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Tsui Stephen K. W. , Chen Xinchun , Yam Wing-Cheong 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTA PCR-sequencing assay was evaluated for direct detection of mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrase A (gyrA) gene in fluoroquinolone-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosisin respiratory specimens. As determined bygyrAQRDR analysis, complete concordance of genotypic and phenotypic fluoroquinolone resistance was demonstrated. Our results indicate that the assay is a rapid and reliable method for the diagnosis of fluoroquinolone-resistant tuberculosis, facilitating timely clinical management and public health control. Using the assay, we detected a novelgyrAAla74Ser mutation inM. tuberculosisdirectly from sputum specimens. The functional effect of the Ala74Ser mutant was verified through the study of the DNA supercoiling inhibitory activity of fluoroquinolones against the recombinant gyrase. The drug-mediated gyrase-DNA cleavage complex model suggests perturbation of thegyrA-gyrAdimer interface caused by the Ala74Ser mutation probably disturbs the putative quinolone binding pocket and leads to the reduction of the drug binding affinity. A number ofgyrAmutations (Glu21Gln, Ser95Thr, and Gly668Asp) were also characterized to be natural polymorphisms not associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.
Flow Cytometry as a Tool To Determine the Effects of Cell Wall-Active Antibiotics on Vancomycin-Susceptible and -Resistant
Enterococcus faecalis
Strains
Authors: Chau Françoise , Lefort Agnès , Benadda Samira , Dubée Vincent , Fantin Bruno 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to study the effects of vancomycin, daptomycin, telavancin, and PA1409, a new investigational vancomyquine, on the morphology, membrane potential, and permeability of glycopeptide-susceptible and -resistant
Enterococcus faecalis
strains. Daptomycin exerted the most pronounced effects on bacterial size and bacterial permeability against susceptible and resistant strains.
Prevalence and Mechanism of Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents in Group G Streptococcal Isolates from China
Authors: Yin Jun , Yu Sangjie , Liu Xiaorong , Li Ye , Gao Wei , Ma Xiang , Yang Yonghong 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTEighty group G streptococcal stains were collected from Chinese children. Susceptibility testing was done by a double-dilution and a disk diffusion method. PCR was used to test drug-resistant genes, and the χ2test and definite probability methods were used to test for statistically significant differences among the three groups. Thirty-four isolates (42.5%) showed resistance to erythromycin. There are differences between the resistance characteristics of group G streptococci from different regions of China.
Cross-Resistance Profile Determination of Two Second-Generation HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors Using a Panel of Recombinant Viruses Derived from Raltegravir-Treated Clinical Isolates
Authors: Van Wesenbeeck L. , Rondelez E. , Feyaerts M. , Verheyen A. , Van der Borght K. , Smits V. , Cleybergh C. , De Wolf H. , Van Baelen K. , Stuyver L. J. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT
The integrase inhibitor raltegravir (RAL) is currently used for the treatment of both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients. Elvitegravir (EVG) is in late phases of clinical development. Since significant cross-resistance between RAL and EVG is observed, there is a need for second-generation integrase inhibitors (INIs) with a higher genetic barrier and limited cross-resistance to RAL/EVG. A panel of HIV-1 integrase recombinants, derived from plasma samples from raltegravir-treated patients (baseline and follow-up samples), were used to study the cross-resistance profile of two second-generation integrase inhibitors, MK-2048 and compound G. Samples with Q148H/R mutations had elevated fold change values with all compounds tested. Although samples with the Y143R/C mutation had reduced susceptibility to RAL, they remained susceptible to MK-2048 and compound G. Samples with the N155H mutation had no reduced susceptibility to compound G. In conclusion, our results allowed ranking of the INIs on the basis of the antiviral activities using recombinant virus stocks from RAL-treated patient viruses. The order according to decreasing susceptibility is compound G, MK-2048, and EVG.
A Kunitz Protease Inhibitor from
Dermacentor variabilis
, a Vector for Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae, Limits
Rickettsia montanensis
Invasion
Authors: Ceraul Shane M. , Chung Ashley , Sears Khandra T. , Popov Vsevolod L. , Beier-Sexton Magda , Rahman M. Sayeedur , Azad Abdu F. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

A defining facet of tick-
Rickettsia
symbioses is the molecular strategy employed by each partner to ensure its own survival. Ticks must control rickettsial colonization to avoid immediate death. In the current study, we show that rickettsial abundance in the tick midgut increases once the expression of a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor from the American dog tick (
Dermacentor variabilis
) (DvKPI) is suppressed by small interfering RNA (siRNA). A series of
in vitro
invasion assays suggested that DvKPI limits rickettsial colonization during host cell entry. Interestingly, we observed that DvKPI associates with rickettsiae
in vitro
as well as in the tick midgut. Collectively, our data demonstrate that DvKPI limits host cell invasion by
Rickettsia montanensis
, possibly through an association with the bacterium.
Meningococcal Internalization into Human Endothelial and Epithelial Cells Is Triggered by the Influx of Extracellular
l
-Glutamate via GltT
l
-Glutamate ABC Transporter in
Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Takahashi Hideyuki , Kim Kwang Sik , Watanabe Haruo 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Meningococcal internalization into human cells is likely to be a consequence of meningococcal adhesion to human epithelial and endothelial cells. Here, we identified three transposon mutants of
Neisseria meningitidis
that were primarily defective in the internalization of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), with insertions occurring in the
gltT
(a sodium-independent
l
-glutamate transporter) gene or its neighboring gene,
NMB1964
(unknown function). NMB1964 was tentatively named
gltM
in this study because of the presence of a mammalian cell entry (MCE)-related domain in the deduced amino acid sequences. The null Δ
gltT-
Δ
gltM N. meningitidis
mutant was also defective in the internalization into human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the human lung carcinoma epithelial cell line A549, and the defect was suppressed by transcomplementation of the mutants with
gltT

+

-gltM

+

genes. The intracellular survival of the Δ
gltT-
Δ
gltM
mutant in HBMEC was not largely different from that of the wild-type strain under our experimental conditions. Introduction of a1-bp deletion and amber or ochre mutations in
gltT-gltM
genes resulted in the loss of efficient internalization into HBMEC. The defect in meningococcal internalization into HBMEC and
l
-glutamate uptake in the Δ
gltT-
Δ
gltM
mutant were suppressed only in strains expressing both GltT and GltM proteins. The efficiency of meningococcal invasion to HBMEC decreased under
l
-glutamate-depleted conditions. Furthermore, ezrin, a key membrane-cytoskeleton linker, accumulated beneath colonies of the
gltT

+

-gltM

+

N. meningitidis
strain but not of the Δ
gltT-
Δ
gltM
mutant. These findings suggest that
l
-glutamate influx via the GltT-GltM
l
-glutamate ABC transporter serves as a cue for
N. meningitidis
internalization into host cells.
Pasteurella multocidaToxin-Stimulated Osteoclast Differentiation Is B Cell Dependent
Authors: Hildebrand Dagmar , Heeg Klaus , Kubatzky Katharina F. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTPasteurella multocidais a Gram-negative bacillus that infects a number of wild and domestic animals, causing respiratory diseases. ToxigenicPasteurella multocidastrains produce a protein toxin (PMT) that leads to atrophic rhinitis in swine due to enhanced osteoclastogenesis and the inhibition of osteoblast function. We show that PMT-induced osteoclastogenesis is promoted by an as-yet-uncharacterized B-cell population. The toxin, however, is not acting at the level of hematopoietic stem cells, since purified CD117+cells from murine hematopoietic progenitor cells cultivated with PMT did not mature into osteoclasts. The early macrophages contained within this cell population (CD117+/CD11b+) did not further differentiate into osteoclasts but survived and were able to phagocytose. Within the CD117−population, however, we detected PMT-induced generation of a B220+/CD19+and B220+/IgM+B-cell population that was able to take up fluorescently labeled PMT. Using purified B-cell and macrophage populations, we show that these B cells are needed to efficiently generate osteoclasts from macrophages. Cells of the immune system are thought to affect osteoclast formation and function by secreting cytokines and growth factors. We show here that PMT-stimulated B cells produce elevated levels of the osteoclastogenic factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and receptor activator of nuclear factor receptor ligand (RANKL) compared to B cells generated through incubation with IL-7. These results suggest that the osteoclastic properties characteristic for PMT may result from a cross talk between bone cells and lymphoid cells and that B cells might be an important target ofPasteurella multocida.
Identification of Immunodominant Antigens by Probing a WholeChlamydia trachomatisOpen Reading Frame Proteome Microarray Using Sera from Immunized Mice
Authors: Cruz-Fisher Maria I. , Cheng Chunmei , Sun Guifeng , Pal Sukumar , Teng Andy , Molina Douglas M. , Kayala Matthew A. , Vigil Adam , Baldi Pierre , Felgner Philip L. , Liang Xiaowu , de la Maza Luis M. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTChlamydia trachomatisinfections can lead to severe chronic complications, including trachoma, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. The only effective approach to disease control is vaccination. The goal of this work was to identify new potential vaccine candidates through a proteomics approach. We constructed a protein chip array (Antigen Discovery, Inc.) by expressing the open reading frames (ORFs) fromC. trachomatismouse pneumonitis (MoPn) genomic and plasmid DNA and tested it with serum samples from MoPn-immunized mice. Two groups of BALB/c female mice were immunized either intranasally or intravaginally with live elementary bodies (EB). Another two groups were immunized by a combination of the intramuscular and subcutaneous routes with UV-treated EB (UV-EB), using either CpG and Montanide as adjuvants to favor a Th1 response or alum to elicit a Th2 response. Serum samples collected at regular intervals postimmunization were tested in the proteome array. The microarray included the expression products of 909 proteins from a total of 921 ORFs of theChlamydiaMoPn genome and plasmid. A total of 185 immunodominant proteins elicited an early and sustained antibody response in the mice immunized with live EB, and of these, 71 were also recognized by the sera from mice immunized with UV-EB. The reactive antigens included some proteins that were previously described as immunogenic, such as the major outer membrane protein, OmpB, Hsp60, and IncA and proteins from the type III secretion system. In addition, we identified in mice several new immunogens, including 75 hypothetical proteins. In summary, we have identified a new group of immunodominant chlamydial proteins that can be tested for their ability to induce protection.
Pay as you go, or go as you're paid? Life on the locum circuit
Authors: Hillam Richard 
Published: October 2010

‘LOCUM – a person who stands in temporarily for another member of the same profession, especially for a physician, chemist or clergyman’ (Collins English Dictionary).After two or three years in private practice, or on completion of a university residency, some veterinary surgeons decide that they would like a period of more flexible working conditions. As Richard Hillam explains, life as a locum can provide valuable experience in a variety of clinical environments, while offering the freedom to travel, study or pursue other interests. However, it is important to be aware that this freedom comes at a price.
Everyday ethics
Authors: Atkinson Martin 
Published: October 2010

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to the discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved. In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, entitled ‘Maliciously injured kitten’, is presented and discussed by Martin Atkinson. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue.The series is being coordinated by Siobhan Mullan, of the University of Bristol. It is hoped it will provide a framework that will help practices find solutions when facing similar dilemmas. A response to last month's dilemma, ‘Organic farm with languishing lambs’ appears on page 423.
Everyday ethics
Authors: Kerr Annie 
Published: October 2010

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to the discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved. In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, entitled ‘Pregnant downer cow’, is presented and discussed by Annie Kerr. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue. Discussion of the dilemma ‘Charity's stance on hereditary defects’, which was published in the November/December 2007 issue, appears on page 118.The series is being coordinated by Siobhan Mullan, of the University of Bristol. It is hoped it will provide a framework that will help practices find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
Everyday ethics
Authors: Atkinson Martin 
Published: October 2010

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to the discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved. In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, entitled ‘A patient abroad’, is presented and discussed by Martin Atkinson. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue. Discussion of the dilemma ‘A question of ownership’, which was published in the May issue of In Practice, appears on page 353.The series is being coordinated by Siobhan Mullan, of the University of Bristol. It is hoped it will provide a framework that will help practices find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
Vaccination with a twitch? Seeing malpractice?
Authors: Dennison Tania 
Published: October 2010

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved. In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, entitled ‘Vaccination with a twitch?’, is presented and discussed by Tania Dennison. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue. Discussion of the dilemma ‘Seeing malpractice?’, which was published in the May issue of In Practice, appears on page 303.The series is being coordinated by Siobhan Mullan, of the University of Bristol. It is hoped it will provide a framework that will help practices find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
Research involving animals, Vaccination with a twitch?
Authors: Roger Paul 
Published: October 2010

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved. In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐anddried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, entitled ‘Research involving animals’, was submitted by a reader and is presented and discussed by Paul Roger. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue. Discussion of the dilemma ‘Vaccination with a twitch?’, which was published in the June issue of In Practice, appears on page 360.The series is being coordinated by Siobhan Mullan, of the University of Bristol. It is hoped it will provide a framework that will help practices find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
Injured fawn, How much information?
Authors: Kerr Annie 
Published: October 2010

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved. In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐anddried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, ‘Injured fawn’, is presented and discussed by Annie Kerr. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue. Discussion of the dilemma ‘How much information?’, which was published in the September issue of In Practice, appears on page 471.The series is being coordinated by Siobhan Mullan, of the University of Bristol. It is hoped it will provide a framework that will help practices find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
Oculomotor nerve palsy in the setting of an anterior cerebral A2 segment aneurysm
Authors: Fairbanks Carson , White J Bradley 
Published: October 2010

IntroductionA case is presented which highlights a rare cause of oculomotor nerve palsy (third nerve palsy) in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to an A2 segment anterior cerebral aneurysm. A third nerve palsy is most often associated with posterior communicating artery aneurysms which are explained by the anatomic proximity of nerve and artery. Third nerve palsies from remote aneurysms however are more difficult to understand.PresentationA patient presented to the emergency department with severe headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Her examination was remarkable only for a partial left third nerve palsy manifest as a non-pupil sparing mild ptosis. A CT scan and digital subtraction cerebral angiography revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a small ruptured aneurysm at the A2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery. The aneurysm was deemed treatable by endovascular coil embolization and the patient underwent successful placement of a detachable helical coil. At 1 month follow-up, the patient had no complaints and showed complete resolution of all oculomotor symptoms.ConclusionWhile oculomotor nerve palsy is an incredibly rare sequelae of anterior cerebral artery aneurysm rupture, it is important that clinicians and researchers continue to report and study such cases. It has been hypothesized that mass effect, hemotoxicity and ischemia are all possible causes of third nerve injury in remote aneurysms, as in this case.