bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of interleukin-10 treated macrophages on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway
Authors: Lyu Meng-Hao , Bian Ce , Dou Yi-Ping , Gao Kang , Xu Jun-Ji , Ma Pan 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Alveolar bone defects caused by inflammation are an urgent issue in oral implant surgery that must be solved. Regulating the various phenotypes of macrophages to enhance the inflammatory environment can significantly affect the progression of diseases and tissue engineering repair process.
AIM
To assess the influence of interleukin-10 (IL-10) on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) following their interaction with macrophages in an inflammatory environment.
METHODS
IL-10 modulates the differentiation of peritoneal macrophages in Wistar rats in an inflammatory environment. In this study, we investigated its impact on the proliferation, migration, and osteogenesis of BMSCs. The expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and its activated form, phosphorylated-STAT3, were examined in IL-10-stimulated macrophages. Subsequently, a specific STAT3 signaling inhibitor was used to impede STAT3 signal activation to further investigate the role of STAT3 signaling.
RESULTS
IL-10-stimulated macrophages underwent polarization to the M2 type through substitution, and these M2 macrophages actively facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Mechanistically, STAT3 signaling plays a crucial role in the process by which IL-10 influences macrophages. Specifically, IL-10 stimulated the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway and reduced the macrophage inflammatory response, as evidenced by its diminished impact on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
CONCLUSION
Stimulating macrophages with IL-10 proved effective in improving the inflammatory environment and promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway has emerged as a key regulator in the macrophage-mediated control of BMSCs’ osteogenic differentiation.
Efficacy and tolerability of chitin-glucan combined with simethicone (GASTRAP® DIRECT) in irritable bowel syndrome: A prospective, open-label, multicenter study
Authors: Talbodec Nathalie , Le Roy Pauline , Fournier Peggy , Lesage Benoit , Lepoutre Elodie , Castex François , Godchaux Jean Michel , Vandeville Lionel , Bismuth Benjamin , Lesage Xavier , Bayart Pauline , Genin Michael , Rousseaux Christel , Maquet Veronique , Modica Salvatore , Desreumaux Pierre , Valibouze Caroline 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), defined according to the Rome IV diagnostic criteria, is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain related to altered bowel habits. First-line recommended treatments are limited to combining drugs targeting predominant symptoms, particularly pain (antispasmodics), constipation (laxatives), and diarrhea (loperamide), yielding only a limited therapeutic gain. GASTRAP® DIRECT is a class IIa medical formulation composed of a combination of chitin-glucan and simethicone indicated for the symptomatic treatment of gas-related gastrointestinal disorders by combining different mechanisms of action.
AIM
To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of 4-week GASTRAP® DIRECT treatment in patients with IBS.
METHODS
In this prospective, multicenter, open-label trial, 120 patients with IBS received three sticks of GASTRAP® DIRECT (1.5 g/d of chitin-glucan and 0.75 mg/d of simethicone) per day for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the responder rate, defined as the number of patients whose abdominal pain score decreased by ≥ 30% from baseline to week (W) 4. The analysis was performed using the per-protocol set. Cardinal symptoms, impact of global symptoms on daily life, change in stool consistency, and improvement in defecatory disorders were evaluated.
RESULTS
Overall, 100 patients were evaluated. At W4, 67% (95%CI: 57-75) showed improvement in abdominal pain (score: 5.8 ± 2.4 vs 2.9 ± 2.0, P < 0.0001). Similar improvements were observed for bloating [8.0 ± 1.7 vs 4.7 ± 2.9, P < 0.0001; 60% (95%CI: 50-70) responders], abdominal distension [7.2 ± 2.1 vs 4.4 ± 3.1, P < 0.0001; 53% (95%CI: 43-63) responders], and impact of global symptoms on daily life [7.1 ± 2.0 vs 4.6 ± 2.9, P < 0.0001; 54% (95%CI: 44-64) responders]. Stool consistency improved in most patients (90% and 57% for patients with liquid and hard stools, respectively). Overall, 42% of patients with defecatory disorders reported very much/considerable improvements by W2. No severe adverse event occurred, and tolerability was rated “good” or “very good” by 93% of patients.
CONCLUSION
GASTRAP® DIRECT is safe and well tolerated, alleviating IBS symptoms rapidly in 2 weeks. This open-label study suggests that the combination of chitin-glucan and simethicone could be beneficial in patients with IBS.
Factors affecting the performance of the Village Land Councils in managing land use conflicts between farmers and pastoralists
Authors: Homera Juma Zuberi , Kunkuta Gustav , Mollel Henry 
Published: May 2024

The current study evaluated the variables influencing Village Land Councils' (VLC) ability to resolve land disputes before they are twisting out of their control. Pastoralists would often transhumance, taking their herds far from their villages in search of pastures and water, and sometimes they would let their animals to graze on agricultural fields. The Tanzanian government was prompted to divide village holdings into sections designated for farmers and livestock keepers to resolve the tensions between farmers and pastoralists to prevent ongoing conflicts. Key informant interviews and semi-structured interviews were used to gather data. NVivo software 14 was used to evaluate the qualitative data. The results indicate that the low literacy rates of their members, the absence of VLC capacity building, the absence of a chain of command in the conflict mediation and resolution process, biased choices, and corruption all contributed to the village land councils' limited ability to mitigate land conflicts. As a result, in defiance of the Village Land Act of 1999's instructions, communities arraign land disputes in public courts. It is found that village land councils, which were intended to hold reconciliation sessions and serve as village tribunals for reconciliation at the village level, have not succeeded in achieving the goals set forth, notwithstanding the limitations of the Village Land Act. The report suggests that the Village Land Act be reviewed, that VLC members' capability be increased, that secondary education be made a requirement for council participation, and that corruption be eliminated.
Extravasated contrast volumetric assessment on computed tomography angiography in gastrointestinal bleeding: A useful predictor of positive angiographic findings
Authors: Cacioppa Laura Maria , Floridi Chiara , Bruno Alessandra , Rossini Nicolò , Valeri Tommaso , Borgheresi Alessandra , Inchingolo Riccardo , Cortese Francesco , Novelli Giacomo , Felicioli Alessandro , Torresi Mario , Boscarato Pietro , Ottaviani Letizia , Giovagnoni Andrea 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition, especially in cases of delayed treatment. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) plays a pivotal role in the early identification of upper and lower GIB and in the prompt treatment of the haemorrhage.
AIM
To determine whether a volumetric estimation of the extravasated contrast at CTA in GIB may be a predictor of subsequent positive angiographic findings.
METHODS
In this retrospective single-centre study, 35 patients (22 men; median age 69 years; range 16-92 years) admitted to our institution for active GIB detected at CTA and further submitted to catheter angiography between January 2018 and February 2022 were enrolled. Twenty-three (65.7%) patients underwent endoscopy before CTA. Bleeding volumetry was evaluated in both arterial and venous phases via a semi-automated dedicated software. Bleeding rate was obtained from volume change between the two phases and standardised for unit time. Patients were divided into two groups, according to the angiographic signs and their concordance with CTA.
RESULTS
Upper bleeding accounted for 42.9% and lower GIB for 57.1%. Mean haemoglobin value at the admission was 7.7 g/dL. A concordance between positive CTA and direct angiographic bleeding signs was found in 19 (54.3%) cases. Despite no significant differences in terms of bleeding volume in the arterial phase (0.55 mL vs 0.33 mL, P = 0.35), a statistically significant volume increase in the venous phase was identified in the group of patients with positive angiography (2.06 mL vs 0.9 mL, P = 0.02). In the latter patient group, a significant increase in bleeding rate was also detected (2.18 mL/min vs 0.19 mL/min, P = 0.02).
CONCLUSION
In GIB of any origin, extravasated contrast volumetric analysis at CTA could be a predictor of positive angiography and may help in avoiding further unnecessary procedures.
Breastfeeding Following Spinal Cord Injury: Consumer Guide for Mothers
Authors: Krassioukov Andrei , Elliott Stacy , Hocaloski Shea , Krassioukova-Enns Olga , Hodge Karen , Gillespie Stephanie , Caves Sherry , Thorson Teri , Alford Lindsay , Basso Melanie , McCracken Laura , Lee Amanda , Anderson Kim , Andretta Elena , Chhabra Harvinder Singh , Hultling Claes , Rapidi Christina-Anastasia , Sorensen Fin-Biering , Zobina Ineta , Theron Francois , Kessler Allison , Courtois Frederique , Berri Maryam 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that infants be breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months of age. However, there are few resources available on the effects a spinal cord injury (SCI) can have for breastfeeding mothers. It is difficult to find information to address the unique challenges women with SCI experience when planning or trying to breastfeed. Our international team, including women with SCI, health care providers, and SCI researchers, aims to address the information gap through the creation of this consumer guide. The purpose of this consumer guide is to share the most common issues women with SCI experience during breastfeeding and provide information, practical suggestions, recommendations, and key resources in lay language. General information about breastfeeding is available on the internet, in books, or from friends and health care providers. We do not intend to repeat nor replace general breastfeeding information or medical advice. Breastfeeding for mothers with SCI is complex and requires a team of health care providers with complementary expertise. Such a team may include family physician, obstetrician, physiatrist, neurologist, occupational and physical therapist, lactation consultant, midwife, and psychologist. We hope this consumer guide can serve as a quick reference guide for mothers with SCI planning of trying to breastfeed. This guide will also be helpful to health care providers as an educational tool.
Madurez neuropsicológica en niños diagnosticados con trastornos del neurodesarrollo de edad escolar
Authors: Lepe Grajeda Jackelline del Rosario 
Published: May 2024

PROBLEMA: ¿cuáles son las dificultades y fortalezas del perfil neuropsicológico de niños con trastornos del neurodesarrollo de edad escolar? OBJETIVO: analizar las áreas de dificultad y fortaleza del perfil de madurez neuropsicológica en niños de edad escolar diagnosticados con trastornos del neurodesarrollo. MÉTODO: tipo de estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal con enfoque analítico, por medio del cual se analizaron las áreas de dificultad y fortaleza del perfil neuropsicológico de 88 niños de edad escolar diagnosticados con trastornos del neurodesarrollo en clínica independiente. RESULTADOS: el índice de madurez neuropsicológica global de la población de estudio indica que el mayor porcentaje de la población presenta un perfil neuropsicológico medio bajo, una población significativa con un perfil neuropsicológico medio y alto, debido a las características diagnósticas, grado y especificadores de cada trastorno del neurodesarrollo que formó parte del estudio. CONCLUSIÓN: la población con trastornos del nuerodesarrollo, presenta dificultades en habilidades cognitivas como el lenguaje comprensivo y expresivo, presentan un déficit en la función ejecutiva, las habilidades relacionadas a la memoria verbal y habilidades relacionadas a la comunicación verbal como la fluidez fonológica. Dentro de las áreas de fortaleza se encuentra la visopercepción y la fluidez semántica, en algunos casos, se incrementan las habilidades relacionadas a funciones cognitivas como memoria, lenguaje comprensivo dependiendo del grado y especificador del trastorno.
Збереження світової культурної спадщини ЮНЕСКО в Україні в умовах війни
Authors: Гуменюк А.Г. 
Published: May 2024

Стаття розкриває проблеми збереження світової культурної спадщини ЮНЕСКО в Україні в умовах повномасштабної війни та російської агресії. Авторка зробила спробу проаналізувати культуру як фактор формування національної ідентичності. Визначила виклики, які постають в культурній сфері держави в умовах війни, до них віднесла такі як недостатнє фінансування, низька оплата праці і загалом нівелювання культури у важливому значенні для населення, народу, нації.
Одним з основних аспектів розвитку культури представлено збереження національної спадщини України, зокрема матеріальних та нематеріальних пам’яток спадщини ЮНЕСКО. У статті досліджено стан в якому стані вони перебувають під час російсько-української війни та проблеми з їх збереження. Розкрито основні етапи розвитку співробітництва України з ЮНЕСКО: 1954-1962 – початковий етап становлення відносин; 1962-1980 – етап розгортання активної співпраці;1980-1990 – етап розширення участі України в програмі діяльності організації. З 1991 р. – етап якісно нових відносин, чому сприяло здобуття незалежності. Важливим кроком стало включення історико-архітектурних та природних об’єктів України до списку світової спадщини ЮНЕСКО.
З 2014 р. ведеться обговорення та вирішення низки актуальних питань щодо стану та перспектив співробітництва ЮНЕСКО у світлі запобігання новим викликам і загрозам, зокрема окупації РФ українських територій. Також постає питання розширення переліку кількості пам’яток. Дано короткий опис основних пам’яток та потенційних об’єктів на включення до переліку світової спадщини ЮНЕСКО.
Зроблено висновок, що завдяки активній державній і суспільній діяльності питання збереження спадщини ЮНЕСКО в Україні є на порядку денному і ця спадщина не тільки збереглась, а й активно поповнюється. Однак Україна ще має активно працювати і в напрямку популяризації українських об’єктів в країні і світі, розвінчувати міфи росіян про нашу спадщину тощо.
Comparative Review of Three PWM Approach On 3-Φ VSI Fed with Induction Motor Drive
Authors: Sharique Habib  , Mohit Kumar  , Raj Kumar Mishra  
Published: May 2024

Induction motor demand is increasing day by day with increasing demand an essential requirement arises too inefficient motor controlling method. A comparison study of three diverse Pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques of 3-ϕ inverter for better performance of induction motor is presented here using MATLAB/Simulink. Sinusoidal PWM, Third Harmonic injected PWM (THIPWM), Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) techniques simulation is show here, Motor parameter like speed vs time, torque vs time, Output voltage (THD), Output current (THD) of an inverter was observed by changing the carrier frequency and motor drive load. Simulation result shows that SVPWM flaunt better performance comparing other PWM technique.
Influence of Management of Physical Facilities on Quality of Education in Selected Private Universities in Kenya
Authors: Nduta Beth Githaiga , Itegi Florence M. , Muchanje Peter N. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to assess the influence of management of physical facilities on quality of education in selected private universities in Kenya. The study aimed to investigate the deans of schools, heads of department and lecturers’ perceptions towards management of physical facilities on quality of education in private universities in Kenya.
Methodology: The study used two types of research instruments, namely; lecturers’ Questionnaire; and deans of schools and departmental heads’ Interview Guide. Data was analyzed used mixed methods, involving qualitative and quantitative techniques.
Findings: The study revealed that most of the respondents disagreed that there were adequate physical facilities which affected the quality of education in selected private universities in Kenya. Further, there was a significant positive correlation between management of physical facilities and quality of education in private universities.
Unique contribution to theory policy and practice: The study recommends that the managers of private universities should ensure allocation of more funds for construction and maintenance of physical facilities for realization of quality education.
The Origins of Slavery, Freedom, and Jim Crow in the Cradle of Liberty, 1638–1896
Authors: Miletsky Zebulon Vance 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter one focuses on the early origins of Boston’s black community, both enslaved and free, which grew up around Boston’s waterfront and wharves, particularly in the North slope of the Beacon Hill neighborhood. Boston’s seafaring trade made great fortunes and brought a great mixing of peoples. Central to this history was the trans-Atlantic slave trade. As such, from its inception, notions of liberty, democracy and independence in Boston were intertwined with the tragic paradox of racialized slavery. It was not until a court decision in 1783 that slavery was outlawed in Massachusetts, the same year the Revolutionary War ended. By that point, racialized slavery had been a fact of Boston life for roughly 150 years, making a deep and lasting impact on “the cradle of liberty.” Explores early campaigns by Boston’s black community to achieve educational opportunity and equality, establishing education, broadly, and schools, specifically, as key sites of racial struggle. In effect, this period is notable for twin struggles around educational equality.
Mobilizing for Freedom
Authors: Miletsky Zebulon Vance 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the emergence of a new generation of black political leadership in the post-war period and their efforts to challenge a range of issues within the context of a rising national movement for racial justice. Otto and Muriel Snowden’s Freedom House, a non-profit, community-based organization in Roxbury founded in 1949 and dedicated to civil rights and the empowerment of the African American community held social events, but also a series of lectures, debates and “coffee hours,” which fueled intergenerational discussion of pressing political issues. It was from this milieu that legendary Boston civil rights leader, Ruth Batson, emerged. “Operation Exodus,” an innovative, self-funded, community-based effort led by Ellen Jackson and METCO, a voluntary school desegregation busing program is also discussed. METCO became a national model for voluntary desegregation programs across the US. The second strand in this chapter explores a new cadre of young civil rights leaders and the linkages between Boston-area college campuses and local community organizing campaigns, like the Boston Action Group (BAG), a student-clergy alliance. Overall, this chapter underscores the many ways black Bostonians drove local civil rights campaigns through the mid-1960s.
Ybor City
Authors: McNamara Sarah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Decades before Miami became Havana USA, a wave of leftist, radical, working-class women and men from prerevolutionary Cuba crossed the Florida Straits, made Ybor City the global capital of the Cuban cigar industry, and established the foundation of latinidad in the Sunshine State. Located on the eastern edge of Tampa, Ybor City was a neighborhood of cigar workers and Caribbean revolutionaries who sought refuge against the shifting tides of international political turmoil during the early half of the twentieth century. Historian Sarah McNamara tells the story of immigrant and U.S.-born Latinas/os who organized strikes, marched against fascism, and criticized U.S. foreign policy. While many members of the immigrant generation maintained their dedication to progressive ideals for years to come, those who came of age in the wake of World War II distanced themselves from leftist politics amidst the Red Scare and the wrecking ball of urban renewal. This portrait of the political shifts that defined Ybor City highlights the underexplored role of women’s leadership within movements for social and economic justice as it illustrates how people, places, and politics become who and what they are.
Introduction
Authors: McNamara Sarah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Introduction provides and overview of the book and key themes that invite readers to interrogate the meaning of Cuban Americanness, migration, immigration, Latina activism, and community formation. The author introduces an important concept—the story of Ybor City is one of how people, places, and politics become who and what they are. They illustrate the importance of understanding the U.S. South and particularly Florida as a place and state with considerable political import. Particular attention it paid to the difference between Tampa and Miami communities including the importance of understanding migration patterns. The introduction follows a narrative format where the author introduces her family history and how working to understand a place also means reconsidering oneself and the history that defines the individual.
Remaking
Authors: McNamara Sarah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4, “Remaking,” follows Ybor City Latinas and Latinos as they remade their public image, remade their politics, and remade their community once the Cuban cigar industry fell into disrepair from World War II through the 1960s. The lessons from this chapter illustrate how people from this community navigated latinidad against great challenges as they worked to survive and endure outside the place that gave meaning to what it meant to be from and of Ybor.
Mob Law
Authors: Behnken Brian D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines mob violence by exploring extralegal justice that masqueraded as a legal justice. Mob law acted in tandem with legitimate law enforcement and served to additionally cement American power and control in the region. Many Americans argued that the law did not exist or that it was inadequate to curbing Mexican criminality, even though White people had established numerous criminal justice institutions. But mobs did not really care about justice, instead they mainly sought revenge and the ability to control the fate of someone accused of a crime. The lynchings and attempting lynching discussed in this chapter all serve as examples of vigilantism trying to stand in for legitimate justice. It also demonstrates some of the ways Mexican-origin people resisted this violence, including on occasion exercising extralegal justice themselves.