bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of MRI signatures in pattern I and II multiple sclerosis models
Authors: Serres Sébastien , Anthony Daniel C. , Jiang Yanyan , Campbell Sandra J. , Broom Kerry A. , Khrapitchev Alexandre , Sibson Nicola R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe majority of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibit T‐cell‐ and macrophage‐dominated lesions (patterns I and II; as opposed to III and IV). These lesions, in turn, may be distinguished on the basis of whether or not there are immunoglobulin and complement depositions at the sites of active myelin destruction; such depositions are found exclusively in pattern II lesions. The main aim of this study was to determine whether pattern I and pattern II MS lesions exhibit distinct MRI signatures. We have used a recently described focal MOG‐induced EAE model of the rat brain, which recapitulates many of the hallmarks of pattern II MS; we compared this with our previous work in a delayed type hypersensitivity model of a pattern I type lesion in the rat brain. Demyelinating lesions with extensive inflammation were generated, in which the T2‐weighted signal was increased. Magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) maps revealed loss and subsequent incomplete recovery of the structure of the corpus callosum, together with changes in tissue water diffusion and an associated increase in ventricle size. Notably, the MTR changes preceeded histological demyelination and may report on the processes leading to demyelination, rather than demyelination per se. Immunohistochemically, these MRI‐detectable signal changes correlated with both inflammatory cell infiltration and later loss of myelin. Breakdown of the blood–brain barrier and an increase in the regional cerebral blood volume were also evident in and around the lesion site at the early stage of the disease. Interestingly, however, the MRI signal changes in this pattern II type MS lesion were remarkably consistent with those previously observed in a pattern I lesion. These findings suggest that the observed signal changes reflect the convergent histopathology of the two models rather than the underlying mechanisms of the disease. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of coping skills training in school‐age children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Grey Margaret , Whittemore Robin , Jaser Sarah , Ambrosino Jodie , Lindemann Evie , Liberti Lauren , Northrup Veronika , Dziura James 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChildren with type 1 diabetes are at risk for negative psychosocial and physiological outcomes, particularly as they enter adolescence. The purpose of this randomized trial (n = 82) was to determine the effects, mediators, and moderators of a coping skills training intervention (n = 53) for school‐aged children compared to general diabetes education (n = 29). Both groups improved over time, reporting lower impact of diabetes, better coping with diabetes, better diabetes self‐efficacy, fewer depressive symptoms, and less parental control. Treatment modality (pump vs. injections) moderated intervention efficacy on select outcomes. Findings suggest that group‐based interventions may be beneficial for this age group. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32: 405–418, 2009
Tumour suppression by p53: the importance of apoptosis and cellular senescence
Authors: Zuckerman Valentina , Wolyniec Kamil , Sionov Ronit V , Haupt Sue , Haupt Ygal 
Published: June 2009

Abstractp53 is regarded as a central player in tumour suppression, as it controls programmed cell death (apoptosis) as well as cellular senescence. While apoptosis eliminates cells at high risk for oncogenic transformation, senescence acts as a barrier to tumourigenesis by imposing irreversible cell cycle arrest. p53 can act directly or indirectly at multiple levels of the tumour suppression network by invoking a myriad of mechanisms. p53 induces the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways at multiple steps to ensure an efficient death response. This response involves transcriptional activation or repression of target genes, as well as the recently identified microRNAs, and transcription‐independent functions. Importantly, p53 loss of function is required for tumour maintenance. Therefore, therapeutic strategies aimed at reactivation of p53 in tumours emerge as a promising approach for the treatment of cancer patients. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stem cell transplant in the treatment of childhood biphenotypic acute leukemia
Authors: Park Jeong A. , Ghim Thad T. , Bae Keun wook , Im Ho Joon , Jang Seong Soo , Park Chan Jeong , Chi Hyun Sook , Seo Jong Jin 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundMany studies have found that biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) is associated with a poor outcome.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed clinicopathological data on 25 children with BAL, and correlated outcomes with prognostic factors.ResultsBAL constituted 4.4% of all acute childhood leukemia cases. In terms of immunophenotype, 14 patients had leukemia with myeloid plus B‐lymphoid (M + B) marker, 7 with myeloid plus T‐lymphoid (M + T) marker, and 4 with myeloid plus B‐lymphoid and T‐lymphoid (M + B + T) markers. Overall survival was superior in patients with the M + B immunophenotype (P = 0.004). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) did not improve either overall survival or event‐free survival compared to chemotherapy alone (hazard ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.35–2.76, P = 0.966; hazard ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.41–2.78, P = 0.88). Each of four patients with high‐hyperdiploidy (>50 chromosomes) displayed a good treatment response and long‐term overall survival even though these patients were treated with chemotherapy alone.ConclusionsTreatment outcomes in childhood BAL patients differed by immunophenotype and cytogenetics. HSCT did not offer a significantly greater survival advantage compared to chemotherapy. While these data suggest that treatment should be individualized and stratified according to biologic characteristics and prognostic factors in BAL, prospective trial data are still needed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:444–452. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intradural dirofilariasis mimicking a Langerhans cell histiocytosis tumor
Authors: Perret‐Court Audrey , Coulibaly Bema , Ranque Stéphane , Bouvier Corinne , Lena Gabriel , Coze Carole , Verschuur Arnauld 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe report the case of a 6‐year‐old female who presented a cervical intradural extra‐spinal tumor, initially considered as a Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Additional histological slides revealed a Dirofilaria repens dirofilariasis. The particularity of this case is the intradural location of this filariasis, which usually has a subcutaneous or conjunctival location in human. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:485–487. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aging of polyethylene pipes transporting drinking water disinfected by chlorine dioxide. Part II—Lifetime prediction
Authors: Colin Xavier , Audouin Ludmila , Verdu Jacques , Rozental‐Evesque Magali , Rabaud Benjamin , Martin Florencio , Bourgine Francis 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article deals with the failure of polyethylene pipes transporting chlorine dioxide (DOC) disinfected water under pressures of few bars. Accelerated aging tries made at 20 or 40°C show that the antioxidant is rapidly consumed in a superficial layer until a depth of about 1.2 mm. Carbonyl groups appear in a sharper layer of few hundreds micrometers. Natural aging results at various places, for various times up to about 30 years, reveal also a superficial attack with a depth of the order of 1.2 mm. An antioxidant loss by migration, in the whole sample thickness, is also observable. The shape of antioxidant concentration profiles indicates that the crossing of interfaces controls partially the whole migration kinetics. Failures, with brittle cracking, were observed in natural aging, after exposure times of the order of 5–15 years, i.e., far before the expected lifetime (50 years). A kinetic model has been elaborated to predict the time to failure. It is based on a chemical unit, which models the radical processes induced by DOC, and a mechanical unit based on an empirical creep law and a failure criterion depending of the molar mass calculated by the chemical unit. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Origin and polycyclic behaviour of tundra thaw slumps, Mackenzie Delta region, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Kokelj S. V. , Lantz T. C. , Kanigan J. , Smith S. L. , Coutts R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn tundra uplands east of the Mackenzie Delta, retrogressive thaw slumps up to several hectares in area typically develop around lakes. Ground temperatures increase in terrain affected by slumping due to the high thermal conductivity of exposed mineral soils and deep snow accumulation in winter. Mean annual temperatures at the top of permafrost were several degrees warmer in thaw slumps (−0.1°C to −2.2°C) than beneath adjacent undisturbed tundra (−6.1°C to −6.7°C). Simulations using a two‐dimensional thermal model showed that the thermal disturbance caused by thaw slumping adjacent to tundra lakes can lead to rapid near‐surface lateral talik expansion. Talik growth into ice‐rich materials is likely to cause lake‐bottom subsidence and rejuvenation of shoreline slumping. The observed association of thaw slumps with tundra lakes, the absence of active slumps on the shores of drained lakes where permafrost is aggradational and depressions in the lake bottom adjacent to thaw slumps provide empirical evidence that thermal disturbance, talik enlargement and thawing of subadjacent ice‐rich permafrost can drive the polycyclic behaviour (initiation and growth of slump within an area previously affected by slumping) of lakeside thaw slumps. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada.
The environment and permafrost of the Mackenzie Delta area
Authors: Burn C. R. , Kokelj S. V. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Mackenzie Delta, prograding northwestwards into the Beaufort Sea, is North America's largest arctic delta. This Holocene feature is bounded by rolling uplands to the east and the Richardson Mountains to the west. Treeline traverses the region, separating the subarctic boreal forest in southern parts from low‐shrub tundra and sedge wetlands at the coast. The region is experiencing rapid climate change, and mean annual air temperature has increased by more than 2.5°C since 1970. The area was at the margin of the Wisconsinan ice sheet, so that in the uplands the mean annual ground temperature and glacial history control permafrost thickness, which varies from >700 m to <100 m. Ground temperatures in the delta are distinct from the uplands due to the thermal influence of numerous lakes and shifting channels. In the uplands, ground temperatures decrease northwards across treeline in association with a decrease in the thickness of snow cover. Ground temperatures have increased since 1970 in the uplands by approximately 1.5°C in association with rising annual mean air temperature. The increase has been less in the delta south of treeline due to the extensive thermal influence of water bodies on ground temperature. However, in the outer delta, the ground is currently more than 2.5°C warmer than in 1970. The impact of climate change on permafrost is also evident in the thickness of the active layer, which increased on average by 8 cm at 12 tundra sites on northern Richards Island from 1983–2008. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada.
Effect of the phytotherapeutic agent Eviprostat® on 17β‐estradiol‐induced nonbacterial inflammation in the rat prostate
Authors: Oka Michiko , Ueda Makoto , Oyama Tatsuya , Kyotani Junko , Tanaka Mitsushi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnti‐inflammatory medications have been used for the treatment of chronic prostatitis. The phytotherapeutic agent Eviprostat®, a popular treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia in Japan and Germany, has antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity. We investigated the effects of the phytotherapeutic agent Eviprostat® on prostate inflammation induced in castrated rats by the injection of 17β‐estradiol.METHODSTen‐month‐old male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Nonbacterial prostatitis was experimentally induced in groups 2–5 by castration followed by daily subcutaneous injection of 17β‐estradiol for 30 days. The rats were orally administered 0.1% Tween‐80 (group 2), low‐dose Eviprostat (group 3), high‐dose Eviprostat (group 4), or cernitin pollen extract (group 5) for the last 2 weeks of 17β‐estradiol administration. Sham‐operated rats (group 1) were orally administered 0.1% Tween‐80. On the 31st day after surgery, the weight of the prostate and the levels of prostatic proinflammatory cytokines as well as the oxidative‐stress marker malondialdehyde were determined and histological alterations noted.RESULTSExperimentally induced nonbacterial prostatitis led to a significant decrease in prostate weight and increases in malondialdehyde and proinflammatory cytokine levels. Eviprostat significantly suppressed the increases in malondialdehyde and cytokine levels without affecting prostate weight. Histologically, nonbacterial prostatitis was evident in the lateral lobe of the prostate, and Eviprostat treatment significantly suppressed the severity of the lesion.CONCLUSIONSEviprostat, which has effective antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities in the prostate, may be useful for the clinical treatment of chronic prostatitis. These activities of Eviprostat may also contribute to the amelioration of prostate inflammation in BPH patients. Prostate 69: 1404–1410, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First‐principles calculations on elasticity and the thermodynamic properties of TaC under pressure
Authors: Peng Feng , Han Ligang , Fu Hongzhi , Cheng Xinlu 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFirst‐principles calculations on the elastic and the thermodynamic properties of TaC have been carried out with the plane‐wave pseudopotential density functional method. The calculated values are in very good agreement with experimental data as well as with some of the existing model calculations. The dependence of the elastic constants cij, the aggregate elastic moduli (B, G, E), and the elastic anisotropy on pressure have been investigated. Moreover, the variation of the Poisson ratio and Debye temperature with pressure have been investigated for the first time. Through the quasi‐harmonic Debye model, the thermodynamic properties were also obtained successfully. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Valence band fine structure of copper phthalocyanine thin films: Effect of molecular orientation
Authors: Toader Teodor , Gavrila Gianina , Braun Walter , Ivanco Jan , Zahn Dietrich R. T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe electronic structure of highly‐ordered copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films is unravelled. The deconvolution of the well‐resolved valence band spectra allowed an extraction of energy levels of particular molecular orbitals in the low binding energy part of the π‐band, an approach which is often neglected in the data analysis. Quantitative analysis of the incidence photon energy dependence of the particular orbitals was exerted to address their character in terms of the contribution of constituent atoms. The line shape of the valence band was found to be closely related to the molecular orientation in the films. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoelectrical Response in Single‐Layer Graphene Transistors
Authors: Shi Yumeng , Fang Wenjing , Zhang Keke , Zhang Wenjing , Li Lain‐Jong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe illumination of single‐layer graphene (SLG) transistors with visible light causes a negative shift in their transfer curves, attributable to the desorption of oxygen. However, their hysteresis is not affected by illumination, which suggests that charge traps are not affected by the visible‐light exposure. When SLG transistors are covered with a layer of photoactive polymer, the photodesorption‐induced current change in the transistors becomes less significant than the effects caused by the surrounding photoactive polymer. These observations demonstrate that the photoelectrical response of SLG transistors is dominated by extrinsic mechanisms rather than by the direct photocurrent process. The results suggest a new strategy for achieving light detection. The large cross section of SLG films for receiving photons and the capability of tailoring photoelectrical properties on them is potentially useful for optoelectronic applications.
A framework for environmental analyses of fish food production systems based on systems engineering principles
Authors: Magerholm Fet Annik , Schau Erwin M. , Haskins Cecilia 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe demand for environmentally responsible food production is increasing; this is also valid for fish food products. To assess the environmental performance of a fish food product system, contributions from both the life cycle of the fishing vessel and the value chain of the fish, from catch to final product, should be investigated. Few environmental life cycle investigations of the fish value chain, the so‐called fish food production system, have been performed. This paper uses systems engineering methods with input from life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to create a framework for performing environmental analysis on fish food production in the North Sea. In order to test the proposed framework, life cycle environmental data from a medium‐sized Norwegian fishing vessel has been used. The framework demonstrates a systematic way to analyze and provide environmental information for the fish food product system. This can be extended to other food products and thereby become a framework for the analysis and comparison of different food products. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Characterization of Both Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Pathways in Schizochytrium sp.
Authors: Lippmeier J. Casey , Crawford Kristine S. , Owen Carole B. , Rivas Angie A. , Metz James G. , Apt Kirk E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSchizochytrium produces long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a PUFA synthase. Targeted mutagenesis of one gene of this synthase was conducted to confirm PUFA synthase function and determine its metabolic necessity. The resulting mutants were auxotrophic and required supplementation with PUFAs. In vivo labeling experiments with radioactive fatty acids demonstrated the presence of several elongase and desaturase activities associated with the standard pathway of PUFA synthesis. However, this system was missing a critical Δ12 desaturase activity and was therefore not capable of synthesizing PUFAs from the 16‐ or 18‐carbon saturated fatty acid products of the fatty acid synthase. Because Schizochytrium uses a PUFA synthase system for the production of PUFAs, the existence of a partial desaturase‐elongase system (if not a simple vestige) is suggested to be either a scavenging mechanism for intermediate fatty acids prematurely released by the PUFA synthase or for PUFAs found in the organism's native environment.
Evaluating carbon fluxes in orange orchards in relation to planting density
Authors: LIGUORI G. , GUGLIUZZA G. , INGLESE P. 
Published: June 2009

SUMMARYOrange (Citrus sinensisL.) is one of the main fruit crops worldwide and its evergreen orchards may have a great potential for carbon (C) sequestration, but no data are currently available. In order to understand carbon fluxes in orange orchards, an experiment was undertaken on traditional and intensive planting systems.The experiment usedC. sinensisscions grafted ontoCitrus aurantium(bitter orange) rootstock. One orchard contained 14-year-old trees of the cv. Tarocco Scirè (a blood orange) grown in a traditional system with 494 trees/ha. The second orchard contained 12-year-old trees of the cv. Newhall (a seedless navel orange) grown in an intensive system with 1000 trees/ha. Net primary productivity (NPP) was obtained by measuring the annual canopy growth of single orange trees and the above ground dry biomass of the ground cover; soil respiration seasonal pattern was measured with an infrared gas analyser (EGM-4, PP System) from June 2005 to May 2006, every 2 weeks from 12·00 noon to 15·00 h for maximum respiration and from 02·00 to 05·00 h for minimum respiration; a 24 h cycle measurement of soil respiration was made every 3 months.Carbon fixation in the fruits and in the canopy of single trees was almost twice as much (10·7 kg C/tree) in the traditional than in the intensive system (5·5 kg C/tree); however, total NPP of the orchard did not change with planting density, being 5·3 t C/ha/year in the traditional system and 5·5 t C/ha/year in the intensive one. Carbon fixation by the ground cover was higher in the traditional (1·1 t C/ha/year) than in the intensive system (0·5 t C/ha/year). Annual soil respiration was 5·9 t C/ha/year in the traditional system and 4·2 t C/ha/year in the intensive one. The carbon balance was almost four times higher in the intensive system (1·8 t C/ha/year) than in the traditional one (0·5 t C/ha/year), due to large differences in soil respiration.
Changes in the composition and structure of a molluscan assemblage due to eelgrass loss in southern Spain (Alboran Sea)
Authors: Rueda José L. , Marina Pablo , Urra Javier , Salas Carmen 
Published: June 2009

The composition and structure of a molluscan assemblage was studied in a deep subtidal eelgrass bed located in southern Spain before and after the eelgrass decline experienced during 2005 and 2006 due to illegal trawling by fishermen. Sampling was undertaken in summer 2004 (with eelgrass) and summer 2007 (without eelgrass) in an extensive eelgrass bed located in Cañuelo Bay (12–14 m depth) and in the same area once the eelgrass bed disappeared. Eelgrass was completely absent in those samples of summer 2007 and an increase of the organic content and mud was registered in the sediment between 2004 and 2007. The density and the richness of molluscan species decreased significantly in summer 2007, especially for epifaunal gastropods associated with the leaf and sediment stratum. Some species disappeared completely in summer 2007 such as the dominant periphyton grazersJujubinus striatusandRissoaspp., the egg feederMitrella minorand the seagrass feederSmaragdia viridisas well as the infaunal bivalveSolemya togata. Other species increased their densities such as the carnivoresCylichna crosseiorC. cylindraceaas well as the bivalveNucula nitidosa. Some dominant infaunal species, such asChamelea gallina, Spisula subtruncataorTellina fabuladid not significantly change their densities. The composition and structure of the assemblages in summer 2004 and summer 2007 was significantly different according to the Bray–Curtis similarity index using qualitative and quantitative data and considering the entire assemblage (epifaunal and infaunal species) or only the infaunal species. The registered changes in the molluscan assemblage may have produced cascade effects in higher trophic levels because molluscs generally represent an important food source for some decapods and fish. Urgent conservation measures are needed for protecting the remaining fragmented eelgrass beds of southern Spain from further illegal fisheries activities and other types of human impacts (e.g. sand extraction and coastal infrastructures), because they support the most diverse faunistic communities for eelgrass beds in Europe due to their bathymetry and geographical location.