bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive change in protective coloration in adult striated shieldbugs Graphosoma lineatum (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): test of detectability of two colour forms by avian predators
Authors: JOHANSEN ALEKSANDRA I. , EXNEROVÁ ALICE , HOTOVÁ SVÁDOVÁ KATEŘINA , ŠTYS PAVEL , GAMBERALE‐STILLE GABRIELLA , TULLBERG BIRGITTA S. 
Published: July 2010

1. Protective coloration in insects may be aposematic or cryptic, and some species change defensive strategy between instars. In Sweden, the adult striated shieldbugs Graphosoma lineatum (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) undergo a seasonal colour change from pale brown and black striation in the pre‐hibernating adults, to red and black striation in the same post‐hibernating individuals. To the human eye the pre‐hibernating adults appear cryptic against the withered late summer vegetation, whereas the red and black post‐hibernating adults appear aposematic. This suggests a possibility of a functional colour change. However, what is cryptic to the human eye is not necessarily cryptic to a potential predator.2. Therefore we tested the effect of coloration in adult G. lineatum on their detectability for avian predators. Great tits (Parus major) were trained to eat sunflower seeds hidden inside the emptied exoskeletons of pale or red G. lineatum. Then the detection time for both colour forms was measured in a dry vegetation environment.3. The birds required a longer time to find the pale form of G. lineatum than the red one. The pale form appears more cryptic on withered late summer vegetation than the red form, not only to the human eye but also to avian predators. The result supports the idea that the adult individuals of G. lineatum undergo a functional change from a cryptic protective coloration to an aposematic one.
Polycythemia vera‐associated pruritus and its management
Authors: Saini Kamal S. , Patnaik Mrinal M. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: July 2010

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (9): 828–834AbstractBackground  Pruritus is a defining feature of polycythemia vera (PV) and is seen in approximately 40% of patients. In most cases, the pruritus is characteristically triggered by contact with water (aquagenic) at any temperature.Materials and methods  A detailed MEDLINE search for all English language articles related to PV, PV‐associated pruritus and aquagenic pruritus that were published from 1965 till date was carried out.Results  Many different treatment options have been tried over the past several decades, including antihistamines, antidepressants, interferon alpha, phlebotomy, phototherapy, iron supplements and myelosuppressive medications, all demonstrating mixed results. Recently, agents that target JAK2 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have shown impressive clinical benefit.Conclusion  PV‐associated pruritus is a major cause of morbidity amongst patients with PV. Antidepressant medications interfering with serotonin uptake are somewhat efficacious. Cytoreductive therapy is reserved for refractory cases. Targeted therapy with JAK2 and mTOR inhibitors offers renewed hope.
A comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT images of different voxel resolutions used to detect simulated small internal resorption cavities
Authors: Kamburoğlu K. , Kursun S. 
Published: July 2010

Kamburoğlu K, Kursun S. A comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT images of different voxel resolutions used to detect simulated small internal resorption cavities. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 798–807, 2010.AbstractAim  To assess ex vivo the use of two different cone‐beam computerized tomography (CBCT) units at different voxel resolutions for the detection of simulated small internal resorption cavities.Methodology  A total of 60 single‐rooted mandibular incisors and canines were split mesiodistally along the coronal plane into labial and lingual sections. Artificial internal root resorption was simulated by drilling with a 0.5‐mm‐diameter round bur to its full depth at either the cervical or apical portion of the labial wall. In total, 60 cavities were created (30 cervical and 30 apical), and 60 locations (30 cervical and 30 apical) were left without cavities. The sections were rejoined and placed in dry human mandibles in groups of 6 and imaged using two different CBCT units at different resolutions to obtain five image sets as follows: Iluma, ultra‐resolution (0.1 mm3); Iluma, high‐resolution (0.2 mm3); Iluma, low‐resolution (0.3 mm3); 3D Accuitomo 170, 6 × 6 cm FOV (0.125 mm3); 3D Accuitomo 170, 8 × 8 cm FOV (0.160 mm3). Each image set was viewed by two observers and evaluated using a 5‐point scale for detection of internal resorption cavities. Kappa coefficients were calculated to assess intra‐ and inter‐observer agreement. Az values were calculated and compared, with a significance level of α = 0.05.Results  Kappa values were fair‐to‐moderate for the low‐resolution Iluma images and good to excellent for all other image sets. Both intra‐ and inter‐observer agreement values were higher for the Accuitomo images than for the Iluma images. The highest Az values were obtained with the Accuitomo 0.125 mm3 images and the lowest with the Iluma 0.3 mm3 images. The Az values for the Accuitomo and Iluma ultra‐ and high‐resolution images were higher than those of the low‐resolution Iluma images. No differences (P > 0.05) for internal resorption detection were found between the Az values of the Accuitomo 0.125 mm3, Accuitomo 0.160 mm3, ultra‐resolution Iluma and high‐resolution Iluma images.Conclusion  Ultra‐and high‐resolution Iluma and Accuitomo 0.125 and 0.160 mm3 CBCT images performed similarly and better than low‐resolution Iluma images in the detection of simulated internal resorption ex vivo.
The effect of apical preparation size on irrigant flow in root canals evaluated using an unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics model
Authors: Boutsioukis C. , Gogos C. , Verhaagen B. , Versluis M. , Kastrinakis E. , Van Der Sluis L.W.M. 
Published: July 2010

Boutsioukis C, Gogos C, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, Kastrinakis E, van der Sluis LWM. The effect of apical preparation size on irrigant flow in root canals evaluated using an unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics model. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 874–881, 2010.AbstractAim  To evaluate the effect of apical preparation size on irrigant flow inside a root canal during final irrigation with a syringe and two different needles types, using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model.Methodology  A validated CFD model was used to simulate the irrigant flow from either a side‐vented or a flat 30G needle positioned inside root canals having sizes of 25, 35, 45 and 55, all with a .06 taper, at 3 mm short of working length (WL). Velocity, pressure and shear stress in the root canal were evaluated.Results  Different preparation sizes resulted in minor differences in the flow pattern in the apical root canal. Major differences were observed between the two needle types. The side‐vented needle could not achieve irrigant replacement to the WL even in a size 55, .06 taper root canal. Significant irrigant replacement was evident almost to the WL in size 35, 45 and 55, .06 taper root canals with the flat needle. The maximum shear stress decreased as the preparation size increased. The flat needle developed higher mean pressure at the apical foramen. Both needles led to a similar gradual decrease in apical pressure as the preparation size increased.Conclusions  Apical preparation size affected irrigant replacement, the shear stress on the canal wall and the pressure at the apical foramen. Root canal enlargement to sizes larger than 25 appeared to improve the performance of syringe irrigation. Adequate space between the needle and the canal wall should be ensured to allow for an effective reverse flow of the irrigant towards the canal orifice.
Clinical guideline for nurse‐led early extubation after coronary artery bypass: an evaluation
Authors: Hawkes Claire , Foxcroft David R. , Yerrell Paul 
Published: July 2010

hawkes c., foxcroft d.r. & yerrell p.
(2010) Clinical guideline for nurse‐led early extubation after coronary artery bypass: an evaluation. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(9), 2038–2049.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of an investigation of the development, implementation and outcomes of a clinical guideline for nurse‐led early extubation of adult coronary artery bypass graft patients.Background.  Healthcare knowledge translation and utilization is an emerging but under‐developed research area. The complex context for guideline development and use is methodologically challenging for robust and rigorous evaluation. This study contributes one such evaluation.Methods.  This was a mixed methods evaluation, with a dominant quantitative study with a secondary qualitative study in a single UK cardiac surgery centre. An interrupted time series study (N = 567 elective coronary artery bypass graft patients) with concurrent within person controls was used to measure the impact of the guideline on the primary outcome: time to extubation. Semi‐structured interviews with 11 clinical staff, informed by applied practitioner ethnography, explored the process of guideline development and implementation. The data were collected between January 2001 and January 2003.Results.  There was no change in the interrupted time series study primary outcome as a consequence of the guideline implementation. The qualitative study identified three themes: context, process and tensions highlighting that the guideline did not require clinicians to change their practice, although it may have helped maintain practice through its educative role.Conclusion.  Further investigation and development of appropriate methods to capture the dynamism in healthcare contexts and its impact on guideline implementation seems warranted. Multi‐site mixed methods investigations and programmes of research exploring knowledge translation and utilization initiatives, such as guideline implementation, are needed.
Understanding major depressive disorder among middle‐aged African American men
Authors: Bryant‐Bedell Keneshia , Waite Roberta 
Published: July 2010

bryant‐bedell k. & waite r. (2010) Understanding major depressive disorder among middle‐aged African American men. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(9), 2050–2060.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study of how a cohort of African American men recognized and expressed symptoms of depression, and how depression affected their lives.Background.  Major depressive disorder has had global financial consequences in the form of healthcare visits, lost work hours, and disruption of family lives. Early recognition of depression and engagement of depressed individuals to promote management and treatment of this disorder is crucial in controlling its impact. African American men are often not included in research exploring factors that limit their engagement in mental health care.Method.  A descriptive qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews was conducted in 2008 with ten African American men between the ages of 40 and 59 years. All participants self‐reported a history of depression.Findings.  Three central themes were identified: life events, the funk, and the breakdown. Life events were identified as stressors which led the men to experience what they described as the funk, which was later identified as depression. Due to lack of resolution of the funk, a breakdown was experienced. Over time study participants became informed about their condition, and their responses to managing depression varied depending on individual and contextual factors.Conclusion.  It is important to approach depression diagnoses from a broad perspective rather than as a limited list of symptoms. Healthcare providers would benefit from taking into account cultural factors, gender and age, examining them carefully in relation to the development of depressive symptoms.
HIV disclosure among HIV positive individuals: a concept analysis
Authors: Eustace Rosemary W. , Ilagan Perla R. 
Published: July 2010

eustace r.w. & ilagan p.r. (2010) HIV disclosure among HIV positive individuals: a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(9), 2094–2103.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of an analysis of the concept of HIV disclosure.Background.  There is a growing interest among healthcare providers and researchers in HIV disclosure as an effective HIV prevention and early disease management initiative. However, the concept still remains unclear. Conceptual clarity is important for providing an expanded theoretical definition and understanding of attributes of HIV disclosure. This information is useful in constructing better HIV disclosure measures in HIV/AIDS nursing practice and research.Data sources.  A computer search of the following databases was conducted to capture the meaning and processes of HIV disclosure among HIV‐positive individuals: PubMed, CINAHL and PSYCINFO. Only English language journals were used. Publication dates of the literature review ranged from 1999 to 2009. The following key words were used: HIV disclosure, self‐disclosure, disclosure and serostatus disclosure.Methods.  The Walker and Avant (2005) concept analysis model (Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing, Pearson Prentice Hall, River, NJ, 2005) was used to guide the analysis process, which was completed in 2009.Results.  The concept analysis revealed that HIV disclosure is a complex process characterized by the following attributes: experiencing an event, communicating something, timing, and contextual environment, protecting someone, relationship status and improving something or being therapeutic. In addition, the process of HIV disclosure varies across time.Conclusion.  The proposed HIV disclosure attributes provide nursing scholars and researchers with new directions on how to reframe research questions, develop measurement tools to reflect better the diversity and fluidity of the process of HIV disclosure among HIV‐positive individuals. Policy implications include the need to develop approaches that protect individual and public rights.
Ginger compress therapy for adults with osteoarthritis
Authors: Therkleson Tessa 
Published: July 2010

therkleson t. (2010) Ginger compress therapy for adults with osteoarthritis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(10), 2225–2233.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study to explicate the phenomenon of ginger compresses for people with osteoarthritis.Background.  Osteoarthritis is claimed to be the leading cause of musculoskeletal pain and disability in Western society. Management ideally combines non‐pharmacological strategies, including complementary therapies and pain‐relieving medication. Ginger has been applied externally for over a thousand years in China to manage arthritis symptoms.Method.  Husserlian phenomenological methodology was used and the data were collected in 2007. Ten purposively selected adults who had suffered osteoarthritis for at least a year kept daily diaries and made drawings, and follow‐up interviews and telephone conversations were conducted.Findings.  Seven themes were identified in the data: (1) Meditative‐like stillness and relaxation of thoughts; (2) Constant penetrating warmth throughout the body; (3) Positive change in outlook; (4) Increased energy and interest in the world; (5) Deeply relaxed state that progressed to a gradual shift in pain and increased interest in others; (6) Increased suppleness within the body and (7) More comfortable, flexible joint mobility. The essential experience of ginger compresses exposed the unique qualities of heat, stimulation, anti‐inflammation and analgesia.Conclusion.  Nurses could consider this therapy as part of a holistic treatment for people with osteoarthritis symptoms. Controlled research is needed with larger numbers of older people to explore further the effects of the ginger compress therapy.
Human papilloma virus vaccination: perceptions of young Korean women
Authors: Kang Hee Sun , Shin Hyunsook , Hyun Myung‐Sun , Kim Mi Ja 
Published: July 2010

kang h.s., shin h., hyun m.‐s. & kim m.j. (2010) Human papilloma virus vaccination: perceptions of young Korean women. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(9), 1946–1952.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a descriptive study of young Korean women’s perceptions of use of the human papilloma virus vaccine.Background.  In Korea, cervical cancer is one of the leading cancers in women, and the rate of human papilloma virus infection is increasing. A national media campaign has recently begun to promote human papilloma virus vaccination. However, research addressing the acceptability of this vaccine to women in Korea has been limited.Method.  Twenty‐five Korean women, 21–30 years of age, participated in seven focus groups. The data were collected in 2007.Findings.  Participants were concerned about the potential harmful effects of the human papilloma virus vaccine, a possible increase in unsafe sexual behaviours, and the high cost of the vaccine, which is not covered by health insurance. They suggested group vaccination at‐cost or free of charge. They discussed ambivalence about the vaccination, the need for more information about the vaccine, and questions about its effectiveness. Most preferred to wait until more people have been vaccinated.Conclusion.  There is a need for more aggressive dissemination of information about the safety and efficacy of the human papilloma virus vaccine. More reasonable cost, insurance coverage, or free vaccination using a group approach might increase young Korean women’s acceptance and use of the human papilloma virus vaccine.
Clinical learning environment, supervision and nurse teacher evaluation scale: psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version
Authors: Johansson Unn‐Britt , Kaila Päivi , Ahlner‐Elmqvist Marianne , Leksell Janeth , Isoaho Hannu , Saarikoski Mikko 
Published: July 2010

johansson u.‐b., kaila p., ahlner‐elmqvist m., leksell j., isoaho h. & saarikoski m. (2010) Clinical learning environment, supervision and nurse teacher evaluation scale: psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(9), 2085–2093.AbstractAim.  This article is a report of the development and psychometric testing of the Swedish version of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher evaluation scale.Background.  To achieve quality assurance, collaboration between the healthcare and nursing systems is a pre‐requisite. Therefore, it is important to develop a tool that can measure the quality of clinical education. The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher evaluation scale is a previously validated instrument, currently used in several universities across Europe. The instrument has been suggested for use as part of quality assessment and evaluation of nursing education.Methods.  The scale was translated into Swedish from the English version. Data were collected between March 2008 and May 2009 among nursing students from three university colleges, with 324 students completing the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the 34‐item scale to determine construct validity and Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure the internal consistency.Results.  The five sub‐dimensions identified in the original scale were replicated in the exploratory factor analysis. The five factors had explanation percentages of 60·2%, which is deemed sufficient. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0·95, and varied between 0·96 and 0·75 within the five sub‐dimensions.Conclusion.  The Swedish version of Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher evaluation scale has satisfactory psychometric properties and could be a useful quality instrument in nursing education. However, further investigation is required to develop and evaluate the questionnaire.
Maternal distress: a concept analysis
Authors: Emmanuel Elizabeth , St John Winsome 
Published: July 2010

emmanuel e. & st john w. (2010) Maternal distress: concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(9), 2104–2115.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of an analysis of the concept of maternal distress.Background.  Although not well‐developed, the concept of maternal distress has offered an important viewpoint in nursing and midwifery practice since the mid‐1990s. Traditionally, understanding of maternal distress has been based on the medical model and dysfunction. The concept of maternal distress needs development so that it describes responses ranging from normal stress responses to those indicating mental health problem/s.Data sources.  The SCOPUS, CINAHL and Medline databases were searched for the period from 1995 to 2009 using the keywords ‘psychological distress’, ‘emotional distress’ and ‘maternal distress’.Review methods.  Steps from Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis guided the conduct of this concept analysis.Results.  Four attributes of maternal distress were identified as responses to the transition to motherhood, with the level of each response occurring along a continuum: stress, adapting, functioning and control, and connecting. Antecedents to maternal distress include becoming a mother, role changes, body changes and functioning, increased demands and challenges, losses and gains, birth experiences, and changes to relationships and social context. The consequences of maternal distress are compromised mental health status, maternal role development, quality of life, ability to function, quality of relationships and social engagement. The extent of the impact depends on the level of maternal distress.Conclusion.  Clearer interpretation of maternal distress offers a comprehensive approach to understanding maternal emotional health during the transition to motherhood. Acknowledging women’s experiences and providing more appropriate support could alleviate some of the struggles and hardships experienced by mothers.
Incontinence in women prisoners: an exploration of the issues
Authors: Drennan Vari , Goodman Claire , Norton Christine , Wells Amanda 
Published: July 2010

drennan v., goodman c., norton c. & wells a. (2010) Incontinence in women prisoners: an exploration of the issues. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(9), 1953–1967.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study exploring the extent and management of bladder and bowel problems in order to inform the provision and practice of prison nursing services and health care services in women’s prisons.Background.  Nurses and general practitioners provide primary care services inside prisons in the United Kingdom. While high levels of mental health and addiction problems in women prisoners are recognized, there has been less focus on physical problems. Incontinence symptoms are perceived as shameful and stigmatizing, and frequently help is not sought from healthcare professionals. Guidance for assessing prisoner health does not refer to bladder and bowel symptoms.Methods.  Women prisoners in a large, closed prison in the United Kingdom were surveyed in 2005 using an anonymous self‐completed questionnaire. Women resident in the detoxification unit and the hospital unit, absent from their unit at the time of questionnaire distribution or deemed vulnerable by prison health staff were excluded.Results.  Questionnaires were offered to 283 women and 246 agreed to take it. Of those taken, 148 (60%) were returned. Twenty‐four per cent indicated that they disclosed information about bladder and bowel problems in the survey not previously disclosed to anyone else. Forty‐three per cent reported urinary symptoms. Five per cent reported nocturnal enuresis. The majority of women with symptoms reported using sanitary pads and toilet paper for containment of leakage.Conclusion.  Prison nurses and nurse practitioners involved in reception into prison assessments should ask direct but sensitive questions about women’s bladder and bowel symptoms.