bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pension type, tenure, and job mobility
Authors: HAVERSTICK KELLY , MUNNELL ALICIA H. , SANZENBACHER GEOFFREY , SOTO MAURICIO 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOver the last 25 years, the United States has seen a dramatic shift in the private sector away from defined benefit plans and towards defined contribution plans. While commentators constantly cite an increase in labor mobility as a major reason for the shift in the private sector from defined benefit to defined contribution plans, researchers to date have not been able to document any difference in mobility by pension type. This study argues that the inability to find such a relationship stems from ignoring the important role of job tenure. Using data from theSurvey of Income and Program Participation(SIPP) and thePanel Study of Income Dynamics(PSID), the results of duration analyses that include the interaction of job tenure and pension type reveal that workers with between five and ten years of tenure at a firm are 23% more likely to leave a job with a defined contribution plan than with a defined benefit plan. This difference is consistent with differences in the timing of benefit level entitlement between the two types of plans.
The Location of the Snow Line in Protostellar Disks
Authors: Podolak Morris 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe snow line in a gas disk is defined as the distance from the star beyond which the water ice is stable against evaporation. Since oxygen is the most abundant element after hydrogen and helium, the presence of ice grains can have important consequences for disk evolution. However, determining the position of the snow line is not simple. I discuss some of the important processes that affect the position of the snow line.
Interior Models of Icy Satellites and Prospects of Investigation
Authors: Sohl Frank 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe state of knowledge about the structure and composition of icy satellite interiors has been significantly extended by combining direct measurements from spacecraft, laboratory experiments, and theoretical modeling. Interior models of icy bodies will certainly benefit from future missions to the outer solar system, providing new and improved constraints on the surface chemistry, bulk composition and degree of internal differentiation, possible heterogeneities in radial mass distribution, the presence and extent of liquid reservoirs, and the amount of tidal heating for each target body. Here we summarize geophysical constraints on the interior structure and composition of selected Jovian and Saturnian icy satellites and investigate conditions under which potentially habitable liquid water reservoirs could be maintained. Future geophysical exploration which includes gravitational and magnetic field sounding from low-altitude orbit and close flyby, combined with altimetry data and in-situ monitoring of tidally-induced surface distortion and time-variable magnetic fields, would impose important constraints on the interiors of outer planet satellites.
Water alteration on (42355) Typhon?
Authors: Alvarez-Candal Alvaro , Barucci Maria Antonietta 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe visible spectra of (42355) Typhon showed evidence for aqueously altered materials. Therefore we seek to understand if such an event is possible.We use data from the ESO/Very Large Telescope together with the Hapke Hapke radiative transfer model to interpret the surface composition of (42355) Typhon over the whole spectral range (~0.5 − 2.4 μm).Our results points that (42355) Typhon could be a fragment from a larger parent body that suffered aqueous alteration.
Searching for minor absorptions on D-type asteroids
Authors: Mothé-Diniz Thais 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPreferably located in the outer main belt, D-type asteroids experienced less heating and represent an important population for studies on the origin and evolution of the asteroid belt, as well as the relations between asteroidal and cometary bodies. Their surface mineralogy is currently related to a mixture of organics, anhydrous silicates, opaque material and ice. However, like other taxonomic classes, a large spectral diversity can be seen among D-type objects. We use the Visible spectra of 100 D-type objects available in the literature to search for minor absorptions in those objects. The presence of minor absorptions around 0.6 and 0.8 microns is reported for a large number of objects in the sample. The presence of such bands is not related to the heliocentric distance of the objects, since the absorptions can be seen in the whole main belt, up to the the Trojans region.
On the relationship between gas and dust in 15 comets: an application to Comet 103P/Hartley 2 target of the NASAEPOXImission of opportunity
Authors: Sanzovo G. C. , Sanzovo D. Trevisan , de Almeida A. A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAfter the success of Deep Impact mission to hit the nucleus of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 with an impactor, the concerns are turned now to the possible reutilization of this dormant flyby spacecraft in the study of another comet, for only about 10% of the cost of the original mission. Comet 103P/Hartley 2 on UT 2010 October 11 is the most attractive target in terms of available fuel at rendezvous and arrival time at the comet. In addition, the comet has a low inclination so that major orbital plane changes in the spacecraft trajectory are unnecessary. In an effort to provide information concerning the planning of this new NASAEPOXIspace mission of opportunity, we use in this work, visual magnitudes measurements available from International Comet Quarterly (ICQ) to obtain, applying the Semi-Empirical Method of Visual Magnitudes - SEMVM (de Almeida, Singh, & Huebner 1997), the water production rates (in molecules/s) related to its perihelion passage of 1997. When associated to the water vaporization theory of Delsemme (1982), these rates allowed the acquisition of the minimum dimension for the effective nuclear radius of the comet. The water production rates were then converted into gas production rates (in g/s) so that, with the help of the strong correlation between gas and dust found for 12 periodic comets and 3 non-period comets (Trevisan Sanzovo 2006), we obtained the dust loss rates (in g/s), its behavior with the heliocentric distance and the dust-to-gas ratios in this physically attractive rendezvous target-comet to Deep Impact spacecraft at a closest approach of 700 km.
Near infrared photometry of comet C/2005 E2 (McNaught)
Authors: Picazzio Enos , Figueredo Elysandra , de Almeida Amaury Augusto , de Oliveira Claudia Mendes , Churyumov Klim Ivanovich 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe present results of JHK photometry for comet C/2005 E2 (McNaught). Observations were made with the OSIRIS imager at the SOAR telescope, on Sept. 26-27, 2005. The dependence of the main parameters on the angular distance from the cometary photometric nucleus is discussed. We considered concentric rings around the photometric nucleus of the comet, with the radius determined by the aperture. Integrated flux in the ring, surface brightness, J-H and H-K color indices, and mean flux decay were obtained for each ring. A phometric radial profile was also obtained by tracing average values of the ace brightness for increasing values of radii in isophotes which allowed us to compute the azimuthally averaged surface brightness of the coma. The images centered on the photometric nucleus show three jets from active areas on the nucleus.
Some active processes in comet icy nuclei: nucleus splitting and anti tail formation
Authors: Ibadinov Kh. I. , Buriev A. M. , Safarov A. G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe most dramatic display of variable activity of a comet is splitting of the nucleus. For the purpose of revealing the trends of splitting of comet nuclei and of formation of abnormal cometary tails, we have created two catalogues of comets: a catalogue of split nuclei, containing 99 comets, and a catalogue of comets with abnormal tails, including 60 objects. Statistical investigation reveals some general trends of these phenomena. The greatest number of recorded cases of nucleus splitting and abnormal tail (60%) occurs within an interval of heliocentric distance ranging from 0.6 AU to 1.6 AU (maximum at 1.1 AU) and geocentric distance ranging from 0.6 AU to 1.8 AU (maximum at 1.15 AU). Splitting of nuclei and abnormal tails are more often (75%) recorded close to the perihelia of the cometary orbits. Only 16% of splitting comets also exhibit abnormal tails. Some cases of nuclear splitting and large velocity (some km/s) eruptions of dust from a nucleus, as well as cases of abnormal tails developed at large heliocentric distances, may indicate collisions of comet nuclei with other bodies. Our results are of interest for the physics of comets, and for the distribution of meteoroids in solar system.
New Horizons: Encountering Pluto and KBOs
Authors: Young Leslie A. , Stern S. Alan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNew Horizons is a NASA mission to explore the Pluto system and the Kuiper Belt. The spacecraft was launched on 19 January 2006 and will begin its encounter studies of Pluto in early 2015, culminating on 14 July 2015 with a close approach just 12,500 km from Pluto. The spacecraft carries panchromatic and color images, IR and UV mapping spectrometers, a radio science package, two in situ plasma instruments, and a dust counter. We describe the capabilities of this instrument suite and the spacecraft, the observations planned for Pluto and its system of satellites, and our plans for KBO flybys to take place late in the 2010s.
Can a ‘return-to-work’ agenda fit within the theory and practice of CBT for depression and anxiety disorders?
Authors: Wesson Matthew , Gould Matthew 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHelping service users to return to work has emerged as a key therapeutic objective of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) initiative. IAPT programmes implement National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines, especially cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), for people suffering from anxiety and depression. However, relatively little research has been conducted to date into whether, or how, cognitive behavioural interventions can help individuals return to work. This paper reviews literature and research into CBT and occupational outcomes and considers whether a return-to-work agenda may jeopardize the therapeutic alliance which is suggested to be necessary for effective CBT. Moreover, through the use of clinical examples from our practice, we suggest ways in which employment issues might be integrated into CBT for depression and anxiety disorders. We conclude that a return-to-work agenda can be utilized during therapy while maintaining a collaborative and secure therapeutic relationship, especially, perhaps if work issues are embedded within the formulation. However, further research is needed, not only to determine whether CBT can help individuals return to work but also how CBT might best integrate a return-to-work agenda.
Relationship of Word- and Sentence-Level Working Memory to Reading and Writing in Second, Fourth, and Sixth Grade
Authors: Berninger Virginia W. , Abbott Robert D. , Swanson H. Lee , Lovitt Dan , Trivedi Pam , Lin Shin-Ju (Cindy) , Gould Laura , Youngstrom Marci , Shimada Shirley , Amtmann Dagmar 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of working memory at the word and sentence levels of language to reading and writing outcomes.MethodMeasures of working memory at the word and sentence levels, reading and writing, were administered to 2nd (N= 122), 4th (N= 222), and 6th (N= 105) graders. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate whether the 2 predictor working memory factors contributed unique variance beyond their shared covariance to each of 5 outcome factors: handwriting, spelling, composing, word reading, and reading comprehension.ResultsAt each grade level, except for handwriting and composing in 6th grade, the word-level working memory factor contributed unique variance to each reading and writing outcome. The text-level working memory factor contributed unique variance to reading comprehension in 4th and 6th grade.DiscussionThe clinical significance of these findings for assessment and intervention is discussed.
The Early Years of Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in U.S. Schools
Authors: Duchan Judith Felson 
Published: April 2010

Purpose
This article focuses on various aspects of the beginnings of speech therapy offerings in America’s public schools. It traces the pioneering professionals and significant milestones associated with diagnostic and therapy practices during the late 19th and early 20th century. The aim is to uncover the neglected history of public school speech therapy practices and to show how the practices of yesterday compare with those of today.

Method
Historical documents were analyzed to discover the key contributors and locations of the first public school speech-pathology programs. The analysis also traces the populations that were served and the professional training of the early practitioners, as well as their therapy and service delivery practices.

Conclusions
Between 1895 and 1921, most of the major cities in the United States had hired their first speech clinicians. Between 1921 and 1930, many cities expanded their programs and were hiring supervisors to coordinate these services. These early clinicians carved out some now-familiar practices. Comparing what they did and when and how they did it with today’s practices can offer school clinicians of today a sense of their own history and identity. Such an understanding can also provide insights about some of today’s taken-for-granted practices.
Proliferation of anomalous symmetries in colloidal monolayers subjected to quasiperiodic light fields
Authors: Mikhael Jules , Schmiedeberg Michael , Rausch Sebastian , Roth Johannes , Stark Holger , Bechinger Clemens 
Published: April 2010

Quasicrystals provide a fascinating class of materials with intriguing properties. Despite a strong potential for numerous technical applications, the conditions under which quasicrystals form are still poorly understood. Currently, it is not clear why most quasicrystals hold 5- or 10-fold symmetry but no single example with 7- or 9-fold symmetry has ever been observed. Here we report on geometrical constraints which impede the formation of quasicrystals with certain symmetries in a colloidal model system. Experimentally, colloidal quasicrystals are created by subjecting micron-sized particles to two-dimensional quasiperiodic potential landscapes created by
n
= 5 or seven laser beams. Our results clearly demonstrate that quasicrystalline order is much easier established for
n
= 5 compared to
n
= 7. With increasing laser intensity we observe that the colloids first adopt quasiperiodic order at local areas which then laterally grow until an extended quasicrystalline layer forms. As nucleation sites where quasiperiodicity originates, we identify highly symmetric motifs in the laser pattern. We find that their density strongly varies with
n
and surprisingly is smallest exactly for those quasicrystalline symmetries which have never been observed in atomic systems. Since such high-symmetry motifs also exist in atomic quasicrystals where they act as preferential adsorption sites, this suggests that it is indeed the deficiency of such motifs which accounts for the absence of materials with e.g., 7-fold symmetry.
First Report of Grapevine Syrah virus-1 in Chilean Grapevines
Authors: Engel E. A. , Rivera P. A. , Valenzuela P. D. T. 
Published: April 2010

At least 58 viruses have been reported to infect grapevines, causing economic damage globally. Our lab has reported previously the presence of more than 10 viral species in Chilean grapevines (2,3). Grapevine Syrah virus-1 (GSyV-1) is a novel marafivirus recently described in California vineyards (1). Grapevine virus Q (GVQ) was described shortly after GSyV-1 and both genomes share more than 99% nucleotide identity (4). Since GSyV-1 and GVQ correspond to the same viral species, the name GSyV-1 will be used in the current note to avoid confusion. Forty dormant cane samples from 12 different cultivars were collected from different regions of Chile and screened by reverse transcription-PCR. One of the 40 samples (cv. Syrah) collected from the VI region of Chile was found to be infected with GSyV-1 using two different pairs of GSyV-1-specific primers. The first pair of primers GSyV-1Det-F: 5′-CAAGCCATCCGTGCATCTGG -3′ and GSyV-1Det-R: 5′-GCCGATTTGGAACCCGATGG -3′ (1), was used to amplify a 297-bp fragment corresponding to a partial region of the putative methyltransferase gene. The sequence (GenBank Accession No. GU566025) shared 87% nucleotide and 100% amino acid identities with the corresponding fragment of a Californian GSyV-1 isolate (GenBank Accession No. FJ436028). Since there are no commercial antibodies available for GSyV-1 detection, a second pair of primers, GVQCP-F: 5′-TCCCAGCTTCAGGGTGAATT -3′ and GVQCP-R: 5′-GCATTGCTGCGCATTGGAGG -3′ (4), that amplified a 720-bp fragment of the putative coat protein gene was also used. The sequence of 720 bp from the Chilean sample (GenBank Accession No. GU566024) shared 92% nucleotide and 98% amino acid identities with the corresponding fragment of a Californian GSyV-1 isolate (GenBank Accession No. FJ436028). The GSyV-1-positive sample was also infected with Grapevine fleck virus and Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus that have been reported previously in Chile. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GSyV-1 in Chile. Further studies will help to establish the incidence and effects of this virus in Chilean grapevines. References: (1) M. Al Rwahnih et al. Virology 387:395, 2009. (2) E. Engel et al. J. Virol. Methods. 163:445, 2010. (3) P. F. Escobar et al. Plant Dis. 92:1474, 2008. (4) S. Sabanadzovic et al. Virology 394:1, 2009.
First Report of Pseudoperonospora cubensis Causing Downy Mildew of Trichosanthes cucumerina in Malaysia
Authors: Salati M. , Wong M. Y. , Sariah M. , Nik Masdek H. 
Published: April 2010

In December 2008, infected leaves of Trichosanthes cucumerina were observed on commercial cucurbit farms located in Pontian, Johor (south of West Malaysia). Bright yellow and small necrotic lesions were observed on the adaxial surface of the leaves, whereas sporangiophores were observed on pale yellowish brown-to-brown lesions on the abaxial surface. The length and width of the sporangia ranged from 19 to 36 μm (28.6) and 11 to 23 μm (17.6), respectively. The length of the sporangiophores ranged from 310 to 450 μm, with an average length of 380 μm. The pathogen was identified as Pseudoperonospora cubensis on the basis of the morphological criteria described by Palti and Cohen (2). To confirm the morphological findings, DNA was extracted from symptomatic tissue and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was PCR amplified using primers ITS5-P2 and ITS4 (3). The appropriate-sized amplicon was gel excised and column purified and then submitted for direct sequencing. The resulting 802 bp amplified ITS region was 100% identical to published P. cubensis sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. EU876603, EU876584, and AY198306). This sequence was deposited with NCBI GenBank under the Accession No. GU233293. In this study, pathogenicity tests were conducted using detached leaf disc assays (1) and a P. cubensis isolate obtained from T. cucumerina. For this purpose, leaf discs were excised from 6- to 8-week-old leaves of T. cucumerina using a 20-mm cork borer. Five leaf discs were placed with their abaxial surface facing upward on moist filter paper in petri dishes. Each of four leaf discs was inoculated with four 10-μl droplets of a 1 × 105 per ml sporangial suspension, whereas the fifth disc was inoculated with water droplets and served as a control. Three replications were completed. The leaf discs were placed in darkness at 14 ± 2°C for 24 h and subsequently incubated with a 12-h photoperiod. After 10 days, sporulation was observed on the sporangia-inoculated leaf discs with similar morphological features to the initial field samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cubensis causing downy mildew of T. cucumerina in Malaysia. References: (1) A. Lebeda and M. P. Widrlechner. J. Plant Dis. Prot. 110:337, 2003. (2) J. Palti and Y. Cohen. Phytoparasitica 8:109, 1980. (3) H. Voglmayr and O. Constantinescu. Mycol. Res. 112:487, 2008.
Effect of Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia with Different Concentrations of Ropivacaine on Arterial Oxygenation during One-lung Ventilation
Authors: Xu Yajun , Tan Zhiming , Wang Shilai , Shao Haijun , Zhu Xuqin 
Published: April 2010

Background
Thoracic epidural anesthesia can contribute to facilitate the fast-track approach in lung surgery. However, data regarding the effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia on oxygenation during one-lung ventilation (OLV) are scarce and contradictory. Therefore, the authors conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial in patients undergoing lung surgery under spectral entropy-guided intravenous anesthesia to evaluate the effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia with different concentrations of ropivacaine on oxygenation, shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) during OLV, and maintenance doses of propofol.

Methods
One hundred twenty patients scheduled for lung surgery were randomly divided into four groups to epidurally receive saline (Group S), 0.25% (Group R0.25), 0.50% (Group R0.50), and 0.75% (Group R0.75) ropivacaine. Ropivacaine was administered intraoperatively (6-8 ml of first bolus + 5 ml/h infusion). Arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) and Qs/Qt were measured before, during, and after OLV.

Results
Pao2 was significantly lower in Group R0.75 compared with that in Group S and Group R0.25 10 min (170 +/- 61 vs. 229 +/- 68 mmHg, P = 0.01; 170 +/- 61 vs. 223 +/- 70 mmHg, P = 0.03) and 20 min after OLV (146 +/- 52 vs. 199 +/- 68 mmHg, P = 0.009; 146 +/- 52 vs. 192 +/- 67 mmHg, P = 0.03). During OLV, Qs/Qt was significantly higher in Group R0.75 compared with that in Group S and Group R0.25 (P < 0.05). Maintenance doses of propofol were significantly lower in Group R0.75. Vasopressor requirements were higher in Group R0.75.

Conclusion
A decrease in oxygenation during OLV occurred only at the highest dose of epidural local anesthetic and not at lower doses. Higher doses of epidural medication required less propofol and more vasopressors.