bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-natal exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and infant lower respiratory tract infections and wheeze
Authors: Gascon Mireia , Vrijheid Martine , Martínez David , Ballester Ferran , Basterrechea Mikel , Blarduni Elizabeth , Esplugues Ana , Vizcaino Esther , Grimalt Joan O. , Morales Eva , Sunyer Jordi 
Published: November 2011

The aim of our study was to examine whether pre-natal exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) increases the risk of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and wheeze in infants.The study is based on a birth cohort of 1,455 mother–child pairs. Maternal serum concentrations of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured during pregnancy. Parental reports on LRTI and wheeze were obtained when children were 12–14 months old.35.4% of children developed at least one LRTI episode and 33.6% at least one wheezing episode during their first 12–14 months of life. Median DDE, PCBs and HCB concentrations were 116.3, 113.7 and 46.4 ng·g−1lipid, respectively. DDE concentrations were associated with LRTI risk (relative risk (RR) per 10% increase 1.11, 95% CI 1.00–1.22), also after adjustment for PCBs and HCB. In all quartiles of DDE exposure, the risk of LRTI was increased compared with the lowest quartile, but the increase was statistically significant only in the third quartile (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.08–1.62). No association was observed for PCBs and HCB. Results were similar for wheeze.This study suggests that pre-natal DDE exposure is associated with a higher risk of LRTI and wheeze in infants independently of exposure to other organochlorine compounds.
Serotonin receptor 3A polymorphism c.-42C > T is associated with severe dyspepsia
Authors: Mujakovic Suhreta , ter Linde José JM , de Wit Niek J , van Marrewijk Corine J , Fransen Gerdine AJ , Onland-Moret N Charlotte , Laheij Robert JF , Muris Jean WM , Grobbee Diederick E , Samsom Melvin , Jansen Jan BMJ , Knottnerus André , Numans Mattijs E 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
The association between anxiety and depression related traits and dyspepsia may reflect a common genetic predisposition. Furthermore, genetic factors may contribute to the risk of having increased visceral sensitivity, which has been implicated in dyspeptic symptom generation. Serotonin (5-HT) modulates visceral sensitivity by its action on 5-HT3 receptors. Interestingly, a functional polymorphism in HTR3A, encoding the 5-HT3 receptor A subunit, has been reported to be associated with depression and anxiety related traits. A functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), which terminates serotonergic signalling, was also found associated with these psychiatric comorbidities and increased visceral sensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome, which coexistence is associated with higher dyspeptic symptom severity. We investigated the association between these functional polymorphisms and dyspeptic symptom severity.

Methods
Data from 592 unrelated, Caucasian, primary care patients with dyspepsia participating in a randomised clinical trial comparing step-up and step-down antacid drug treatment (The DIAMOND trial) were analysed. Patients were genotyped for HTR3A c.-42C > T SNP and the 44 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the 5-HTT promoter (5-HTTLPR). Intensity of 8 dyspeptic symptoms at baseline was assessed using a validated questionnaire (0 = none; 6 = very severe). Sum score ≥20 was defined severe dyspepsia.

Results

HTR3A c.-42T allele carriers were more prevalent in patients with severe dyspepsia (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.06-2.20). This association appeared to be stronger in females (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.25-3.39) and patients homozygous for the long (L) variant of the 5-HTTLPR genotype (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.01-3.94). Females with 5-HTTLPR LL genotype showed the strongest association (OR = 3.50, 95% CI = 1.37-8.90).

Conclusions
The HTR3A c.-42T allele is associated with severe dyspeptic symptoms. The stronger association among patients carrying the 5-HTTLPR L allele suggests an additive effect of the two polymorphisms. These results support the hypothesis that diminished 5-HT3 mediated antinociception predisposes to increased visceral sensitivity of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the HTR3A c.-42C > T and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms likely represent predisposing genetic variants in common to psychiatric morbidity and dyspepsia.
Using discrete event simulation to compare the performance of family health unit and primary health care centre organizational models in Portugal
Authors: Fialho André S , Oliveira Mónica D , Sá Armando B 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundRecent reforms in Portugal aimed at strengthening the role of the primary care system, in order to improve the quality of the health care system. Since 2006 new policies aiming to change the organization, incentive structures and funding of the primary health care sector were designed, promoting the evolution of traditional primary health care centres (PHCCs) into a new type of organizational unit - family health units (FHUs). This study aimed to compare performances of PHCC and FHU organizational models and to assess the potential gains from converting PHCCs into FHUs.MethodsStochastic discrete event simulation models for the two types of organizational models were designed and implemented using Simul8 software. These models were applied to data from nineteen primary care units in three municipalities of the Greater Lisbon area.ResultsThe conversion of PHCCs into FHUs seems to have the potential to generate substantial improvements in productivity and accessibility, while not having a significant impact on costs. This conversion might entail a 45% reduction in the average number of days required to obtain a medical appointment and a 7% and 9% increase in the average number of medical and nursing consultations, respectively.ConclusionsReorganization of PHCC into FHUs might increase accessibility of patients to services and efficiency in the provision of primary care services.
GP96 is over-expressed in oral cavity cancer and is a poor prognostic indicator for patients receiving radiotherapy
Authors: Lin Chien-Yu , Lin Ting-Yang , Wang Hung-Ming , Huang Shiang-Fu , Fan Kang-Hsing , Liao Chun-Ta , Chen I-How , Lee Li-Yu , Li Yen-Liang , Chen Yin-Ju , Cheng Ann-Joy , Chang Joseph T 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Oral cavity cancers (ORC) are the most common cancers, and standard treatment is radical surgery with postoperative radiotherapy. However, locoregional failure remains a major problem, indicating radioresistance an important issue. Our previous work has shown that GP96 contributed to radioresistance in nasopharyngeal and oral cancer cell lines. In this study, we determined clinical significance of GP96 in ORC by evaluation of GP96 expression and its association with disease prognosis in patients receiving radiotherapy

Methods
Total of 79 ORC patients (77 males, median age: 48 years old) receiving radical surgery and postoperative radiotherapy between Oct 1999 and Dec 2004 were enrolled. Patients in pathological stages II, III and IV were 16.5%, 16.5% and 67%, respectively. For each patient, a pair of carcinoma tissue and grossly adjacent normal mucosa was obtained. GP96-expression was examined by western blot analysis, and the association with clinicopathological status was determined.

Results
Three-year locoregional control (LRC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 69%, 79%, 63% and 57%, respectively. We found that 55 patients (70%) displayed GP96-overexpression in the tumor tissue, which correlated with a higher pN stage (p = 0.020) and tumor depth (> 10 mm) (p = 0.045). Nodal extracapsular spreading (ECS) and GP96-overexpression predicted adverse LRC (p = 0.049 and p = 0.008). When stratified by nodal ECS, the adverse impact of GP96 remained significant in three-year LRC (p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, GP96-overexpression was also an independent predictor of LRC, DSS and OS (p = 0.018, p = 0.011 and p = 0.012).

Conclusion
GP96 may play roles in radioresistance which attributes to tumor invasiveness in oral cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. GP96 may serve as a novel prognostic marker of radiotherapy. However, further independent studies are required to validate our findings in a larger series.
Vascular Access Sites for Acute Renal Replacement in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Dugué Audrey E. , Levesque Stéphanie P. , Fischer Marc-Olivier , Souweine Bertrand , Mira Jean-Paul , Megarbane Bruno , Daubin Cédric , du Cheyron Damien , Parienti Jean-Jacques 
Published: November 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Several temporary venous catheterizations are sometimes required for acute renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study compares first and second catheterizations in the femoral and jugular veins in terms of patient safety.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A crossover study from the catheter-dialysis randomized study (Cathedia), which was conducted among 736 critically ill adults requiring RRT, was performed. Catheter insertion complications, catheter-tip colonization, catheter dysfunction and urea reduction ratio (URR) were analyzed considering the crossover and longitudinal designs.

Results
This study analyzed134 patients who underwent two different sites of catheterization, 57 and 77 of whom were initially randomized in the femoral and jugular site, respectively. Using anatomic landmarks, time to insert a femoral catheter was shorter (P=0.01) and more successful (P=0.003) compared with catheterization in the jugular site. Time to catheter-tip colonization at removal was not significantly different between the two sites of insertion (median, 14 days in both groups; hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.61–1.59; P=0.96), as well as time to dysfunction. URRs were analyzed from 395 dialysis sessions (n=48 patients). No significant difference (P=0.49) in mean URR was detected between sessions performed through femoral (n=213; 50.9%) and jugular (n=182; 49.5%) dialysis catheters.

Conclusions
These results validate prior results of this study group and extend external validity to the second catheter used for RRT in the ICU. Femoral and internal jugular acute vascular access sites are both acceptable for RRT therapy in the ICU.
Early Renal Function Decline in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pavkov Meda E. , Knowler William C. , Lemley Kevin V. , Mason Clinton C. , Myers Bryan D. , Nelson Robert G. 
Published: November 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Early decline in GFR may reflect progressive kidney disease in type 1 diabetes, but its predictive value in type 2 diabetes is uncertain.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In this longitudinal study, GFR was measured serially over approximately 4.0 years in 195 Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes. Renal function decline (RFD) was defined during this initial period by an average GFR loss ≥3.3%/yr, as defined previously in type 1 diabetes. Subsequently, participants were followed for up to 17.8 years to ESRD onset, death, or December 31, 2010, whichever came first.

Results
RFD prevalence during the initial period was 32% in 68 participants with normal baseline albuminuria (albumin/creatinine ratio [ACR] < 30 mg/g), 42% in 88 with microalbuminuria (ACR 30 to <300 mg/g), and 74% in 39 with macroalbuminuria (ACR ≥300 mg/g; P<0.001). The cumulative incidence of ESRD 10 years after the initial period was 41% in those with RFD and 15% in those without (P<0.001); 41 of the 49 ESRD cases (83.7%) occurred in participants who had or developed macroalbuminuria during the initial period. When adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, and hemoglobin A1c, the ESRD hazard rate was 4.78 times (95% confidence interval, 2.39–9.58) as high in those with RFD as in those without; further adjustment for albuminuria attenuated this association (hazard ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–3.91).

Conclusions
In type 2 diabetes, loss of GFR often occurs before the onset of macroalbuminuria, but a decline predictive of ESRD is strongly dependent on progression to macroalbuminuria.
Dietary Patterns During Adolescence and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Malik Vasanti S. , Fung Teresa T. , van Dam Rob M. , Rimm Eric B. , Rosner Bernard , Hu Frank B. 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE
Whether dietary habits early in life can affect risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in adulthood is unknown. We evaluated the relationship between dietary patterns during adolescence and risk of T2DM in midlife.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We examined the 7-year incidence of T2DM in relation to dietary patterns during high school among 37,038 participants in the Nurses’ Health Study II cohort, who completed a food-frequency questionnaire about their diet during high school. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate relative risk (RR) and 95% CI.

RESULTS
The prudent pattern, characterized by healthy foods, was not associated with risk of T2DM. The Western pattern, characterized by desserts, processed meats, and refined grains, was associated with 29% greater risk of T2DM (RR 1.29; 95% CI 1.00–1.66; P trend 0.04), after adjusting for high school and adult risk factors comparing extreme quintiles, but was attenuated after adjusting for adult weight change (1.19; 0.92–1.54). Women who had high Western pattern scores in high school and adulthood had an elevated risk of T2DM compared with women who had consistent low scores (1.82; 1.35–2.45), and this association was partly mediated by adult BMI (1.15; 0.85–1.56).

CONCLUSIONS
A Western dietary pattern during adolescence may increase risk of T2DM in later life, partly through adult weight gain. Preventive measures should be aimed at developing healthy dietary habits that begin in early life and continue through adulthood.
Elevated Admission Glucose and Mortality in Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Scherz Nathalie , Labarère José , Aujesky Drahomir , Méan Marie 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE
Although associated with adverse outcomes in other cardiopulmonary conditions, the prognostic value of elevated glucose in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is unknown. We sought to examine the association between glucose levels and mortality and hospital readmission rates for patients with PE.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We evaluated 13,621 patient discharges with a primary diagnosis of PE from 185 acute care hospitals in Pennsylvania (from January 2000 to November 2002). Admission glucose levels were analyzed as a categorical variable (≤110, &gt;110–140, &gt;140–170, &gt;170–240, and &gt;240 mg/dL). The outcomes were 30-day all-cause mortality and hospital readmission. We used random-intercept logistic regression to assess the independent association between admission glucose levels and mortality and hospital readmission, adjusting for patient (age, sex, race, insurance, comorbid conditions, severity of illness, laboratory parameters, and thrombolysis) and hospital (region, size, and teaching status) factors.

RESULTS
Elevated glucose (&gt;110 mg/dL) was present in 8,666 (63.6%) patients. Patients with a glucose level ≤110, &gt;110–140, &gt;140–170, &gt;170–240, and &gt;240 mg/dL had a 30-day mortality of 5.6, 8.4, 12.0, 15.6, and 18.3%, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Compared with patients with a glucose level ≤110 mg/dL, the adjusted odds of dying were greater for patients with a glucose level &gt;110–140 (odds ratio 1.19 [95% CI 1.00–1.42]), &gt;140–170 (1.44 [1.17–1.77]), &gt;170–240 (1.54 [1.26–1.90]), and &gt;240 mg/dL (1.60 [1.26–2.03]), with no difference in the odds of hospital readmission.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with acute PE, elevated admission glucose is common and independently associated with short-term mortality.
Examination of the influence of ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament on symptom progression and surgical outcome of ossification of the thoracic ligamentum flavum: a multicenter study
Authors: Ando Kei , Imagama Shiro , Wakao Norimitsu , Hirano Kenichi , Tauchi Ryoji , Muramoto Akio , Kato Fumihiko , Yukawa Yasutsugu , Kawakami Noriaki , Sato Koji , Matsubara Yuji , Kanemura Tokumi , Matsuyama Yukihiro , Ishiguro Naoki 
Published: November 2011

Object
The purpose of this study was to provide the first evidence for the influence of an ossified anterior longitudinal ligament (OALL) on the clinical features and surgical outcomes in an ossified ligamentum flavum (OLF) in the thoracic region.

Methods
Sixty-three patients who underwent surgery for a 1-level thoracic OLF were identified, and preoperative symptoms, severity of symptoms and myelopathy, disease duration, MR imaging and CT findings, surgical procedure, intraoperative findings, complications, and postoperative recovery were investigated in these patients. Entities of OALLs were found on sagittal CT images to be adjacent to or at the same vertebral level as the OLF were classified into 4 types: no discernible type (Type N), one-sided (Type O), discontinuous (Type D), and continuous (Type C).

Results
The duration of symptoms was especially long for Types D and C OALLs. Patients with Type D OALLs had a significantly worse percentage of recovery, as well as worse preoperative JOA scores.

Conclusions
The authors' results showed that a Type D OALL had strong associations with preoperative severity of symptoms and surgical outcomes. These findings may allow surgeons to determine the severity of preoperative symptoms and the probable surgical outcomes from the OALL classifications. Moreover, surgery with instrumentation for Type D OALLs may produce better surgical outcomes.
Contact Lens–Related Dry Eye and Ocular Surface Changes with Mapping Technique in Long-Term Soft Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens Wearers
Authors: Sengor Tomris , Kurna Sevda Aydin , Ozbay Nurver , Ertek Semahat , Aki Suat , Altun Ahmet 
Published: November 2011

Purpose To evaluate ocular surface changes in long-term silicone hydrogel contact lens wearers. Methods Thirty patients were included in this study. Twenty patients (40 eyes) using contact lenses constituted group 1 and 10 (20 eyes) volunteers constituted group 2. The duration of average contact lens usage was 7.74±3.3 years. Ocular surface was evaluated by surface staining, tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer I test, and conjunctival impression cytology with color-coded mapping technique and by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Results The mean break-up time was lower and staining scores were higher in group 1 (p<0.001) but Schirmer values were not significantly different from group 2 (p>0.05). The mean OSDI score was 34.59±11.93 to 19.28±6.7 in group 1 and 2. Increased metaplastic predominant changes of grade II and III were observed in the interpalpebral and perilimbal areas in group 1. Significant correlations were observed in TBUT, cornea staining, and grade II to grade III metaplasia ratios between duration of the lens usage and contact lens wear time in a day. Conclusions Silicone hydrogel lenses produce significant changes on tear film and impression cytology of the ocular surface in long-term use.
Suleiman I (“the Magnificent”) (1494–1566)
Authors: Bonney Richard 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNo Ottoman prince acceded to the throne with such advantages as those Selim bequeathed to his son Suleiman I, “the law‐giver” (Qanuni), who acceded to the throne in September 1520 at the age of 25. (His people did not refer to him by the epithet “the Magnificent” given to him in western Europe.) A lesser prince would have been content to consolidate Selim's achievement by making administrative and legal reforms. Suleiman certainly did this, thus earning his sobriquet; but he also led his army on 13 great campaigns, spending over ten years in the field and gaining a reputation as one of the greatest of all Ottoman military leaders.
Design and Synthesis of New 1,3‐Benzdiazinan‐4‐one Derivatives as Selective Cyclooxygenase (COX‐2) Inhibitors
Authors: Zarghi Afshin , Zebardast Tannaz , Hajighasemali Fatemeh , Alipoor Eskandar , Daraie Bahram , Hedayati Mehdi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA new group of regioisomeric 2,3‐diaryl‐1,3‐benzdiazinan‐4‐ones, possessing a methyl sulfonyl pharmacophore, were synthesized and their biological activities were tested for cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitory activity. In vitro COX‐1/COX‐2 inhibition studies identified 3‐(p‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐(4‐methylsulfonylphenyl)‐1,3‐benzdiazinane‐4‐one (2b) as a potent and highly selective (IC50 = 0.07 µM; selectivity index = 572.8) COX‐2 inhibitor.
Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Novel Chalcone Analogs Derived from 1‐Cyclohexylpyrrolidin‐2‐one and 2,3‐Dihydrobenzo[f]chromen‐1‐one
Authors: Brien Kimberly A. , Bandi Ravi Kumar , Behera Ajaya Kumar , Mishra Bijay Kumar , Majumdar Poulomi , Satam Vijay , Savagian Mia , Tzou Samuel , Lee Megan , Zeller Matthias , Robles Andrew J. , Mooberry Susan , Pati Hari , Lee Moses 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTwo divergent series of novel chalcone analogs, one derived from 1‐cyclohexylpyrrolidin‐2‐one and the other derived from 1‐benzo[f]chromanone, were designed, synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity against two murine cancer cell lines. Two 1‐benzo[f]chromanone analogs, 4g and 4j yielded moderate toxicity against both melanoma B16 and lymphoma L1210 cell lines with IC50 values between the range of 5 and 6 µM. With an IC50 value of 3.4 µM, compound 4g was also active against human MDA‐MB‐435 melanoma cells. X‐ray structures of the β‐hydroxy ketone product (4a) and the α,β‐unsaturated ketone (4h) were collected, and confirm the syn‐configuration between the carbonyl moiety and the β‐vinylic proton in 4h. X‐ray structures of two 1‐cyclohexylpyrrolidin‐2‐one derivatives were also obtained, and both showed an E‐configuration for the double bond.
The ribosomal exit tunnel as a target for optimizing protein expression in Escherichia coli
Authors: Contreras‐Martinez Lydia M. , Boock Jason T. , Kostecki Jan S. , DeLisa Matthew P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe folding of many cellular proteins occurs co‐translationally immediately outside the ribosome exit tunnel, where ribosomal proteins and other associated factors coordinate the synthesis and folding of newly translated polypeptides. Here, we show that the large subunit protein L29, which forms part of the exit tunnel in Escherichia coli, is required for the productive synthesis of an array of structurally diverse recombinant proteins including the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and an intracellular single‐chain Fv antibody. Surprisingly, the corresponding mRNA transcript level of these proteins was markedly less abundant in cells lacking L29, suggesting an unexpected regulatory mechanism that links defects in the exit tunnel to the expression of genetic information. To further highlight the importance of L29 in maintaining protein expression, we used mutagenesis and selection to obtain L29 variants that enhanced GFP expression. Overall, our results suggest that the ribosomal exit tunnel proteins may be key targets for optimizing the overproduction of active, structurally complex recombinant proteins in bacterial cells.See accompanying Commentary by Baneyx DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100488