bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative renal failure in pediatric heart transplant recipients: Outcome and risk factors
Authors: Tang Liwen , Du Wei , L'Ecuyer Thomas J. 
Published: May 2011

Tang L, Du W, L’Ecuyer TJ. Perioperative renal failure in pediatric heart transplant recipients: Outcome and risk factors. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 430–436. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  PRF is encountered in 10–13% of adult heart transplants. Only one study of a single center’s experience with PRF has been reported in pediatric patients. This study examines the effect of PRF on pediatric heart transplant outcome using the UNOS database. A total of 3598 patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 254 (7%) had PRF. The PRF group comprised 31 recipients requiring PRE and 223 recipients requiring POST. Compared with No‐PRF patients, PRE patients had similar survival rate and POST patients had decreased survival rate at 30 days, one, five, and 10‐yr post‐transplant (p < 0.001). PRF patients also had significantly lower graft survival at one, five, and 10 yr (p < 0.001). Risk factors for developing PRF included ECMO, ventilator, and inotropic support at listing and CHD as the listing diagnosis. PRF increased the duration of hospital stay and the incidence of chronic severe renal dysfunction. PRF that requires POST (whether or not it began pretransplant) has a significant negative impact on pediatric heart transplant outcome. Specific characteristics identify patients at particular high risk of developing PRF.
Tetramer monitoring to assess risk factors for recurrent cytomegalovirus reactivation and reconstitution of antiviral immunity post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Borchers S. , Luther S. , Lips U. , Hahn N. , Kontsendorn J. , Stadler M. , Buchholz S. , Diedrich H. , Eder M. , Koehl U. , Ganser A. , Mischak‐Weissinger E. 
Published: May 2011

S. Borchers, S. Luther, U. Lips, N. Hahn, J. Kontsendorn, M. Stadler, S. Buchholz, H. Diedrich, M. Eder, U. Koehl, A. Ganser, E. Mischak‐ Weissinger. Tetramer monitoring to assess risk factors for recurrent cytomegalovirus reactivation and reconstitution of antiviral immunity post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 222–236. All rights reservedBackground. Reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of morbidity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In healthy individuals, virus‐specific T cells (CMV‐CTL) control the reactivation of latent CMV. The monitoring of virus‐epitope‐binding CD8+ T cells using major histocompatibility complex‐I‐peptide complexes (tetramers) has recently been established, allowing assessment of the reconstitution of CMV‐CTL post HSCT.Patients and methods. In order to study immune reconstitution and reactivation control through CMV‐CTL, we regularly monitored all patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT in our department for 2 years, who matched at least 1 of 6 commercially available tetramers for common human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types. To verify risk factors for CMV reactivations in our cohorts, clinical characteristics of all patients transplanted within the last 10 years were included in statistical analyses determining the relative risk for single and recurrent CMV reactivations.Results. As expected, CMV serostatus, HLA match, and donor source significantly influenced the risk of recurrent CMV reactivation. Applying CMV‐CTL tetramer monitoring for 2 years allowed the monitoring of 114 (85%) of 134 patients, by testing a set of tetramers representing 6 epitopes from 3 different CMV proteins. The presence of CMV‐CTL before day +50 and their expansion post reactivation seem to protect against recurrent CMV reactivations. The mean number of CMV‐CTL by day +100 was >5‐fold higher in the recipient CMV‐positive/donor‐positive (R+/D+) group (91/μL) compared with the R+/D− (13/μL) and the R−/D+(2/μL) group. Seventy‐nine percent of patients from the R+/D+ setting recovered >10 CMV‐CTL per μL by day +100, while almost 50% of the other groups failed to mount a CMV‐specific response by that time (R+/D−: 58%; R−/D+: 43%).Conclusion. Tetramer monitoring can help to predict (recurrent) CMV reactivation and is a useful approach to monitor individual patients with increased risk for recurrent reactivation post HSCT; thus, it could help to identify patients in need of adoptive transfer of CMV‐CTL or to optimize the use of antiviral drugs.
Mammalian target of rapamycin signal inhibitors could play a role in the treatment of BK polyomavirus nephritis in renal allograft recipients
Authors: Sánchez Fructuoso A.I. , Calvo N. , Perez‐Flores I. , Valero R. , Rodríguez‐Sánchez B. , García de Viedma D. , Muñoz P. , Barrientos A. 
Published: May 2011

A.I. Sánchez Fructuoso, N. Calvo, I. Perez‐Flores, R. Valero, B. Rodríguez‐Sánchez, D. García de Viedma, P. Muñoz, A. Barrientos. Mammalian target of rapamycin signal inhibitors could play a role in the treatment of BK polyomavirus nephritis in renal allograft recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 584–591. All rights reserved
Abstract: BK virus (BKV) nephropathy is a common viral infection in renal transplant patients, with a prevalence of 1–9% at approximately 12 months after surgery. While it is widely agreed that reduction of immunosuppression should be the first intervention after diagnosis of BKV infection, there is no consensus on whether calcineurin inhibitors or antiproliferative drugs should be reduced first. Furthermore, target levels of immunosuppressive drugs are poorly defined, as are criteria for replacing one immunosuppressive agent with another.
Results. We report our series of 15 renal transplant patients who underwent surgery between September 2004 and March 2010 and who developed BKV infection. The first 8 patients were treated with reduction of immunosuppression; 7 of these patients received cidofovir and 6 received intravenous immunoglobulin. The remaining 7 renal transplant recipients received mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (imTOR). In this group, we observed faster and more efficacious BKV clearance in plasma and urine and a steady improvement in allograft function, with no episodes of acute allograft rejection during follow‐up. The polymerase chain reaction assay for BKV in urine became positive in 2 patients in whom imTOR were stopped due to severe side effects.
Conclusions. The use of imTOR should be considered a first step in the treatment of renal transplant recipients with BKV infection. In our experience, this change in treatment was safe and resulted in viral clearance.
Spatio‐temporal heterogeneity in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves under drought stress
Authors: Sperdouli I. , Moustakas M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUsing chlorophyll (chl) fluorescence imaging, we studied the effect of mild (MiDS), moderate (MoDS) and severe (SDS) drought stress on photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry of 4‐week‐old Arabidopsis thaliana. Spatio‐temporal heterogeneity in all chl fluorescence parameters was maintained throughout water stress. After exposure to drought stress, maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSΙΙ) decreased less in the proximal (base) than in the distal (tip) leaf. The chl fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm decreased less after MoDS than MiDS. Under MoDS, the antioxidant mechanism of A. thaliana leaves seemed to be sufficient in scavenging reactive oxygen species, as evident by the decreased lipid peroxidation, the more excitation energy dissipated by non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) and decreased excitation pressure (1−qp). Arabidopsis leaves appear to function normally under MoDS, but do not seem to have particular metabolic tolerance mechanisms under MiDS and SDS, as revealed by the level of lipid peroxidation and decreased quantum yield for dissipation after down‐regulation in PSII (ΦNPQ), indicating that energy dissipation by down‐regulation did not function and electron transport (ETR) was depressed. The simultaneous increased quantum yield of non‐regulated energy dissipation (ΦNO) indicated that both the photochemical energy conversion and protective regulatory mechanism were insufficient. The non‐uniform photosynthetic pattern under drought stress may reflect different zones of leaf anatomy and mesophyll development. The data demonstrate that the effect of different degrees of drought stress on A. thaliana leaves show spatio‐temporal heterogeneity, implying that common single time point or single point leaf analyses are inadequate.
Rapid and Precise Detection of Latent Infections of Wheat Stripe Rust in Wheat Leaves using Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification
Authors: Huang Chong , Sun Zhenyu , Yan Jiahui , Luo Yong , Wang Haiguang , Ma Zhanhong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. Detection of latent infection in leaves is critical for estimating the initial inoculum potential of epidemics. A loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed and evaluated for the detection of Pst DNA in spores and wheat seedlings with latent infections. LAMP assay could detect as low as 2 pg/μl template DNA and detect latent infections from leaves as early as 24 h after inoculation. This provides a rapid and accurate method of estimating latent infection levels.
Role of mineralocorticoid action in the brain in salt‐sensitive hypertension
Authors: Oki Kenji , Gomez‐Sanchez Elise P , Gomez‐Sanchez Celso E 
Published: May 2011

Summary1. The mechanisms by which excessive salt causes hypertension involve more than retention of sodium and water by the kidneys and are far from clear. Mineralocorticoids act centrally to increase salt appetite, sympathetic drive and vasopressin release, resulting in hypertension that is prevented by the central infusion of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists. The MR has similar affinity for aldosterone and the glucocorticoids corticosterone or cortisol. Specificity is conferred in transport epithelia by the colocalization of the MR with 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 2. Coexpression also occurs in some neurons, notably those of the nucleus tractus solitarius that are activated by sodium depletion and aldosterone and mediate salt‐seeking behaviour.2. The salt‐induced hypertension of the Dahl salt‐sensitive rat is mitigated by the central infusion of a mineralocorticoid antagonist even though circulating aldosterone is normal or reduced in salt‐sensitive (SS). Contrary to reports that salt appetite in the Dahl salt‐sensitive rat is depressed, we found that it is increased compared with that in Spraque‐Dawley rats.3. Extra‐adrenal aldosterone synthesis in the brain occurs in minute amounts that could only be relevant locally. Expression of aldosterone synthase mRNA and aldosterone concentrations in the brain of Dahl salt‐sensitive rats are increased compared with Spraque‐Dawley rats. The central infusion of inhibitors of aldosterone synthesis lowers salt‐induced hypertension in the Dahl salt‐sensitive rat, suggesting a role for excessive Dahl salt‐sensitive synthesis in the brain. Brain MR, particularly those in the paraventricular nuclei, regulate inflammatory processes that are exacerbated by sodium and lead to cardiovascular dysfunction.
Evolution of developmental cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling in the Dictyostelia from an amoebozoan stress response
Authors: Schaap Pauline 
Published: May 2011

The Dictyostelid social amoebas represent one of nature’s several inventions of multicellularity. Though normally feeding as single cells, nutrient stress triggers the collection of amoebas into colonies that form delicately shaped fruiting structures in which the cells differentiate into spores and up to three cell types to support the spore mass. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a very dominant role in controlling morphogenesis and cell differentiation in the model species Dictyostelium discoideum. As a secreted chemoattractant cAMP coordinates cell movement during aggregation and fruiting body morphogenesis. Secreted cAMP also controls gene expression at different developmental stages, while intracellular cAMP is extensively used to transduce the effect of other stimuli that control the developmental program. In this review, I present an overview of the different roles of cAMP in the model D. discoideum and I summarize studies aimed to resolve how these roles emerged during Dictyostelid evolution.
Hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation: Has the human leukocyte antigen mismatching at individual loci a role?
Authors: Audet Maxime , Piardi Tullio , Cag Murat , Navarro Francis , Ornis Sara , Cinqualbre Jacques , Wolf Philippe , Panaro Fabrizio 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The objective of this 11‐year cohort retrospective study conducted in adult patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) who underwent liver transplantation (LT) was to identify whether human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatching is associated with the recurrence of HCV and with the time to recurrence of HCV.Methods:  Among the 181 patients (74% men; mean age: 54 years, range 25–71) who underwent a LT between 1995 and 2006 in the study center, 163 had relevant data in their medical chart documenting HCV recurrence, and 107 (65.64%) reported a histological evidence of HCV recurrence.Results:  Survival was 78% at 5 years. There was no significant relationship between the total score of HLA‐mismatches and the recurrence of HCV. Similarly, there was no significant relationship between the total score of HLA mismatches and the time to recurrence of HCV. For the analyses at each individual locus, a significant relationship between the individual scores of HLA‐mismatches and the recurrence of HCV were observed. Out of the 40 patients who experienced a rejection, the rate of recurrence was not different according to the severity of the rejection (75% mild, 64% moderate and 64% for severe rejection).Conclusions:  In conclusion, this large study did not demonstrate any relationship between the total score of HLA mismatches and HCV‐recurrence. Contrarily a significant relationship between the individual scores of HLA mismatches (HLA‐A3, HLA‐B35, HLA‐DR3, HLA‐DR7, HLA‐DQ2, HLA‐DQ2‐0) and the recurrence of HCV were observed.
Role of hepatic stellate cells on graft injury after small‐for‐size liver transplantation
Authors: Chen Wei , Liang Liang , Ma Tao , Li Junjian , Xu Guodong , Zhang Yun , Bai Xueli , Liang Tingbo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim: Small‐for‐size grafts are prone to mechanical injury and a series of chemical injuries that are related to hemodynamic force. Hepatic stellate cells activate andtrans‐differentiate into contractile myofibroblast‐like cells during liver injury. However, the role of hepatic stellate cells on sinusoidal microcirculation is unknown with small‐for‐size grafts.Methods: Thirty‐five percent of small‐for‐size liver transplantation was performed with rats as donors and recipients. Endothelin‐1 levels as well as hepatic stellate cells activation‐related protein expression, endothelin‐1 receptors, and ultrastructural changes were examined. The cellular localizations of two types of endothelin‐1 receptors were detected. Furthermore, liver function and sinusoidal microcirculation were analyzed using two different selective antagonists of endothelin‐1 receptor.Results: Intragraft expression of hepatic stellate cells activation‐related protein such as desmin, crystallin‐B and smooth muscle α‐actin was upregulated as well as serum endothelin‐1 levels and intragraft expression of the two endothelin receptors. The antagonist to endothelin‐1 A receptor not to the endothelin‐1 B receptor could attenuate microcirculatory disturbance and improve liver function.Conclusions: Small‐for‐size liver transplantation displayed increased hepatic stellate cells activation and high level of endothelin‐1 binding to upregulation of endothelin‐1 A receptor on hepatic stellate cells, which contracted hepatic sinusoid inducing graft injury manifested as reduction of sinusoidal perfusion rate and elevation of sinusoidal blood flow.
Factors associated with a protracted hospital stay after hip fracture surgery in Japan
Authors: Takahashi Chihiro , Fushimi Kiyohide , Matsuda Shinya 
Published: May 2011

Aim:  Hip fracture is a major injury in the elderly and has a high impact on quality of life and use of health‐care resources. In this study, we aimed to identify the factors related to prolonged hospital stay and poor outcome after hip fracture surgery.Methods:  We evaluated data from 8920 cases at 398 acute‐care hospitals in Japan. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with the length of postoperative hospital stay.Results:  A shorter postoperative hospital stay was associated with admission to a high surgical volume hospital (P < 0.001). On the other hand, a longer postoperative hospital stay was associated with infective complications, admission to a private hospital, an interval of more than 3 days between admission and surgery (P < 0.001 for all), and an interval of more than 1 day between surgery and start of rehabilitation (P = 0.01). Further analysis revealed that infective complications were more likely in older patients (P = 0.003) and patients with comorbidities (P = 0.03).Conclusion:  The results imply that hospital stay, and, therefore, use of medical resources, can be decreased by performing surgeries shortly after patients are admitted, preventing postoperative infections, and starting rehabilitation on the next day of the surgery. One of the limitations of our study was that data of the length of hospital stay at transferred hospitals were not available. Therefore, further prospective studies will be needed to address significance of early surgery and rehabilitation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 11: 474–481.
Effects of insulin and amyloid β1–42 oligomers on glucose incorporation and mitochondrial function in cultured rat hippocampal neurons
Authors: Miichi Yoshiaki , Sakurai Takashi , Akisaki Taichi , Yokono Koichi 
Published: May 2011

Aim:  The molecular basis for impaired glucose metabolism in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been fully clarified. We tested whether insulin and amyloid (A)β1–42 oligomers would regulate glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis directly in cultured rat hippocampal neurons and evaluated possible interactions between insulin signaling and Aβ1–42 oligomers.Methods:  Dissociated hippocampal neurons were prepared from Wistar rat embryos at day 21 of gestation and cultured for 14 days. Cultured neurons were exposed to insulin (1 µM) for 30 min, and Aβ1–42 oligomers (1 µM) were added to culture media for 10–30 min. The glucose uptake of cultured neurons was measured by enzymatic fluorescence assay using 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (2DG), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents were quantified using a luciferin/luciferase luminescence assay.Results:  Aβ1–42 oligomers did not suppress 2DG uptake, reflecting the activities of glucose transporters and/or hexokinase, but led to disrupted ATP contents in the presence and absence of monocarboxylates (lactate/pyruvate). Insulin and C‐peptide did not change glucose uptake or ATP concentrations.Conclusion:  The primary target of Aβ1–42 oligomers might be mitochondria, which could explain the reduced cerebral glucose levels in patients with AD. Moreover, insulin signaling was not directly linked to glucose metabolism or energy homeostasis in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 11: 517–524.
Postoperative hyponatremia following calvarial vault remodeling in craniosynostosis
Authors: Cladis Franklyn P. , Bykowski Michael , Schmitt Erica , Naran Sanjay , Moritz Michael L. , Cray James , Grunwaldt Lorelei , Losee Joseph 
Published: May 2011

SummaryBackground:  The incidence, severity, and risk factors for the development of hyponatremia in patients undergoing craniosynostosis surgery are not well known.Objective:  To determine the incidence and severity of hyponatremia as a complication in surgical correction of craniosynostosis and to identify risk factors for postoperative hyponatremia.Methods:  A retrospective medical record review for 2003–2008 of the Cleft and Craniofacial Database was made. Specific data collected included sodium values, age, weight, type of surgery, duration of surgery, administration of DDAVP, composition and volume of pre‐operative, intra‐operative, postoperative parenteral fluids, volume of blood, colloid, and crystalloid transfused, estimated blood loss (EBL), medications, comorbidities, pre‐operative signs of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), syndromic vs nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, and the complications associated with hyponatremia.Results:  A total of 72 records were reviewed. The incidence of postoperative hyponatremia was 30.6%. There was no intra‐operative hyponatremia. While hospital stay was not prolonged, ICU stay was significantly longer (1.9 vs 2.9 days, P = 0.001). Elevated ICP was significantly associated with hyponatremia (P < 0.002). A greater volume of blood loss (EBL) was associated with postoperative hyponatremia (P = 0.019). Patients with normal pre‐operative ICP were more likely to become hyponatremic if they were female (relative risk = 2.43; P < 0.05). The average decrease in sodium was greater in patients receiving hyponatremic (hypotonic) vs normonatremic (isotonic) postoperative IVF’s (5.5 vs 3.2 mEq·l−1, P = 0.039). There were no postoperative complications related to hyponatremia.Conclusions:  The incidence of postoperative hyponatremia after calvarial vault remodeling was determined to be 30.6%. Hyponatremia was significantly associated with increased pre‐operative ICP, blood loss, and female gender (normal pre‐operative ICP). The average decrease in sodium was greater in patients receiving hyponatremic postoperative IVF’s.
Time‐dependent perioperative anesthetic management and outcomes of the first 100 consecutive cases of spring‐assisted surgery for sagittal craniosynostosis
Authors: Ririe Douglas G. , Smith Timothy E. , Wood Benjamin C. , Glazier Steven S. , Couture Daniel E. , Argenta Louis C. , David Lisa R. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryBackground:  The anesthetic risks and outcomes of the first 100 consecutive spring‐assisted surgeries (SAS) for cranial expansion from a single institution are reported. The effect of number of procedures was also tested on hematocrit postoperative day 1 (POD1), anesthesia time, and surgery time of the first procedure.Methods:  The records of 100 consecutive patients undergoing SAS were reviewed. Anesthesia management and related complications are presented. Time series linear regression analysis was performed on hematocrit POD1, anesthesia time, and surgery time of the first procedure.Results:  The average age of the first insertion procedure was 4.4 and 9.0 months for the second removal procedure. Two patients were inadvertently extubated during positioning. Thirty‐eight children had a decrease in blood pressure >20% from baseline. No child was admitted to the intensive care unit. No patient received any blood or blood product transfusion. Anesthesia time, surgery time, and hematocrit POD1 were correlated with procedure number or experience.Conclusions:  Changes in anesthetic management resulted from changing the procedure. The reduction in volume resuscitation reduces the need for invasive monitoring. Facility and comfort with the surgical procedure increase with time and number of procedures performed. This experience further reduces blood loss and risk of transfusion.