bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmaco-virological Outcomes and Genotypic Resistance Profiles Among Children and Adolescents Receiving a Dolutegravir-Based Regimen in Togo
Authors: Konu Yao Rodion , Takassi Elom , Peytavin Gilles , Dapam Nina , Damond Florence , Oumarou Wone Adama , Zaidi Meryem , Franco-Yusti Anna-Maria , Dagnra Claver A , Le Hingrat Quentin , Coppée Romain , Descamps Diane , Diallo Fatoumata Binta Tidiane , Ekouevi Didier K , Charpentier Charlotte 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Few data are available on the real-world efficacy of receiving tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir (-DTG) as human immunodeficiencyvirus (HIV) treatment, particularly among young people in West Africa. Here, we evaluated pharmaco-virological outcomes and resistance profiles among Togolese children and adolescents.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lomé, Togo, enrolling antiretroviral-treated people with HIV aged from 18 months to 24 years. Plasma HIV-1 viral load and antiretroviral concentrations were measured. Next-generation sequencing of protease, reverse transcriptase (RT), and integrase was performed on all samples with viral loads &gt;200 copies/mL. Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were identified and interpreted using the ANRS-MIE algorithm.

Results
264 participants were enrolled (median age, 17 years); 226 received a DTG-based regimen for a median of 20.5 months. Among them, there was virological suppression at the 200-copies/mL threshold in 80.0% of the participants. Plasma DTG concentrations were adequate (ie, &gt;640 ng/mL), suboptimal, and below the limit of quantification in 74.1%, 6.7%, and 19.2% of participants receiving DTG, respectively. Overall, viruses resistant to any of nucleoside RT inhibitors, non-NRTIs, and protease inhibitors were found in 52%, 66%, and 1.6% of participants, respectively. A major integrase inhibitor DRM was observed in 9.4% (n = 3/32; R263K, E138A-G140A-Q148R, and N155H) of participants with a viral load &gt;200 copies/mL.

Conclusions
These first findings in a large series of adolescents in a low-income country showed a good virological response of 80% and the presence of an integrase DRM in 9.4% of virological failures, supporting the need to monitor DTG drug resistance to reduce the risk of resistance acquisition.
Intra-annual variation in oak masting affects wildlife feeding behavior
Authors: Demeny Kelsey M , Ellington E Hance , Kuhn Kellie M , Lashley Marcus A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Oaks (Quercus spp.) provide an important food source for many wildlife species throughout the fall and winter. Most research evaluating oak masting patterns and the subsequent behavioral responses of wildlife focuses on the annual temporal scale. However, patterns in masting at the seasonal temporal scale may be important for wildlife behavior. We designed a study quantifying seasonal oak masting patterns of 3 oak species (water oak, Q. nigra; laurel oak, Q. laurifolia; and swamp chestnut oak, Q. michauxii) and linking those patterns to visitation and feeding behavior of 3 primary consumers (white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus; gray squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis; and raccoon, Procyon lotor). We used seed traps to monitor the seasonal masting pattern of 205 trees in the fall of 2021 and 2022 and used camera traps concurrently to monitor wildlife behavior associated with a subset of 30 trees. Seasonal masting patterns differed between oak species both within a season and across years, and the timing of mast varied within oak species across years. White-tailed deer tended to visit swamp chestnut oak as the number of acorns increased and consumed their acorns. Gray squirrels and raccoons tended to visit laurel oak and consume water oak acorns with gray squirrels being more likely to consume as the number of acorns increased. Our results indicate that evaluating acorn production at multiple temporal scales may be necessary to fully understand oak masting relationships with wildlife. Furthermore, differences in wildlife behavior based on oak species may have important implications for oak regeneration.
Treatment of anastomotic leakage following Ivor Lewis esophagectomy—10 year experience from a Nordic center
Authors: Hauge Tobias , Dretvik Thomas , Johnson Egil , Mala Tom 
Published: May 2024

Summary
Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a dreaded complication following esophageal resection. No clear consensus exist for the optimal handling of this severe complication. The aim of this study was to describe the treatment outcome following AL. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study including all patients with AL operated with Ivor Lewis esophagectomy from 2010 to 2021 at Oslo University Hospital, Norway. 74/526 (14%) patients had AL. Patient outcomes were analyzed and categorized according to main AL treatment strategy; stent (54%), endoscopic vacuum therapy and stent (EVT + stent) (19%), nasogastric tube and antibiotics (conservative) (16%), EVT (8%) and by other endoscopic means (other) (3%). One patient had surgical debridement of the chest cavity. In 66 patients (89%), the perforation healed after median 27 (range: 4–174) days. Airway fistulation was observed in 11 patients (15%). Leak severity (ECCG) was associated with development of airway fistula (P = 0.03). The median hospital and intensive care unit stays were 30 (range: 12–285) and 9 (range: 0–60) days. The 90-days mortality among patients with AL was 5% and at follow up, 13% of all deaths were related to AL. AL closure rates were comparable across the groups, but longer in the EVT + stent group (55 days vs. 29.5 days, P = 0.04). Thirty-two percent developed a symptomatic anastomotic stricture within 12 months. Conclusion: The majority of AL can be treated endoscopically with preservation of the conduit and the anastomosis. We observed a high number of AL-associated airway fistulas.
Risk factors and prognosis for supraclavicular lymph node metastasis in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. Distant or regional metastasis?
Authors: Shiraishi Osamu , Hagi Takaomi , Hiraki Yoko , Kato Hiroaki , Koda Masashi , Nakanishi Tomoya , Yasuda Atsushi , Shinkai Masayuki , Imano Motohiro , Yasuda Takushi 
Published: May 2024

Summary
We aimed to determine the frequency and prognosis of supraclavicular (#104) lymph node (LN) metastasis compared with other LN stations in patients with advanced thoracic esophageal cancer and to identify risk factors for metastasis to delineate the indications for three-field lymphadenectomy (3FL). The study cohort of 567 eligible patients with esophageal cancer had undergone subtotal esophagectomy from 2003 to 2020. LN metastasis was defined as pathologically proven metastasis or positron emission tomography-positive LNs. The efficacy index (EI), calculated from the frequency of LN metastases and survival rates, was used as prognostic value of each LN station dissection for patient survival. Risk factors for #104 LN metastasis were determined by multivariable logistic regression. The frequency of #104 LN metastasis was 11.6% overall, 31.7% in upper and 8.3% in middle/lower third lesion. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 71% of patients and chemo-radiation to 11%. The 5-year overall survival was 45.8%. The EI for #104 LNs (5.3) was similar to that for #101 LNs. Risk factors were age &lt; 65 years, upper third lesion, clinical N2–3, #101/106rec LN metastasis and poorly differentiated carcinoma. The 5-year overall survival of patients with middle/lower lesions was 38% (EI 3.1), similar to that for #101 and #8/9/11 LNs. The prognosis of patients with #104 LN metastases is similar to that of patients with metastases in other regional LN stations. Therefore, we recommend 3FL exclusively for patients at a high risk of #104 LN metastasis due to the overall metastatic rate not being high.
The Dark Trophies of The Battle of Evesham, the Northumbrian Cult of Simon de Montfort and the War of the Welsh Marches (1264–1265)
Authors: Ambler Sophie Thérèse 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
At the Battle of Evesham (4 August 1265) the army of Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, was annihilated and his body dismembered, his head, testicles, a hand and a foot taken as ‘dark trophies’ by his enemies. The battle ended the ‘first English revolution’, in which a party of barons and bishops seized control of government from King Henry III and established a council to rule England. This article addresses the treatment of Simon’s remains. First, it considers critical evidence, the Opusculum de nobili Simone de Monte Forti, a tract produced in support of Simon’s cult at the Cistercian abbey of Melrose. Revealing how the Opusculum was researched and sponsored, it roots the vitality of Simon’s cult in the Anglo-Scottish borders, in the affinity with ancient Northumbria of the cross-border network that contributed to the tract. Secondly, it deploys the Opusculum to examine the Evesham dark trophy process, locating it within the socio-military culture of the Anglo-Welsh marches. Thirdly, it shows how the treatment of Simon’s body was implemented in response to a Montfortian policy of expediency that attempted the takeover of the Welsh Marches in alliance with the Welsh. It was not only England’s constitutional future at stake in August 1265, but also the balance of power in the British Isles. The first English revolution should thus be placed in the context of a British, rather than an English, war.
Price-Cost Margins, Fixed Costs and Excess Profits
Authors: Abraham Filip , Bormans Yannick , Konings Jozef , Roeger Werner 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper provides a new method to estimate price-cost margins in the presence of fixed costs of production. By exploiting properties of the primal and dual sales-based and cost-based Solow residuals, we are able to simultaneously estimate price-cost margins and the share of fixed costs in total costs for each input. Ignoring fixed costs in production underestimates price-cost margins and overestimates excess profit shares. Using a thirty-year panel of Belgian firms, we estimate price-cost margins, as a fraction of sales, of 25.4% on average, which can be decomposed between fixed costs of 22.9% and excess profits of 2.5%. Belgian price-cost margins have declined (−5.9%) in the past three decades due to a combination of falling fixed costs (−4.0%) and decreasing excess profits (−1.9%), suggesting that output markets have become even more competitive over time. While large firms have higher profit shares than small firms, they have lower fixed cost shares as well as lower price-cost margins.
Quality Uncertainty and Repeat Purchases in Fish Auctions: Are Price Affected?
Authors: Sogn-Grundvåg Geir , Zhang Dengjun , Iversen Audun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Auctions are widely used for agricultural and seafood products worldwide. However, buyer uncertainty regarding product quality may affect auction participation and efficiency negatively. This study examines repeat purchases (RPs) as a strategy to reduce buyer uncertainty regarding product quality and whether prices are affected. We also examine whether prices are affected by buyers’ option to prioritise among bids for several lots in the same auction period. Using hedonic price functions on data from the Norwegian pelagic auction, we find that RPs are associated with lower prices and that lots with first priority obtain higher prices than comparable random transactions.
Dmxl1 Is an Essential Mammalian Gene that Is Required for V-ATPase Assembly and Function In Vivo
Authors: Eaton Amity F , Danielson Elizabeth C , Capen Diane , Merkulova Maria , Brown Dennis 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The proton pumping V-ATPase drives essential biological processes, such as acidification of intracellular organelles. Critically, the V-ATPase domains, V1 and VO, must assemble to produce a functional holoenzyme. V-ATPase dysfunction results in cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes, as well as systemic acidosis caused by reduced activity of proton-secreting kidney intercalated cells (ICs). However, little is known about the molecular regulation of V-ATPase in mammals. We identified a novel interactor of the mammalian V-ATPase, Drosophila melanogaster X chromosomal gene-like 1 (Dmxl1), aka Rabconnectin-3A. The yeast homologue of Dmxl1, Rav1p, is part of a complex that catalyzes the reversible assembly of the domains. We, therefore,hypothesized that Dmxl1 is a mammalian V-ATPase assembly factor. Here, we generated kidney IC-specific Dmxl1 knockout (KO) mice, which had high urine pH, like B1 V-ATPase KO mice, suggesting impaired V-ATPase function. Western blotting showed decreased B1 expression and B1 (V1) and a4 (VO) subunits were more intracellular and less colocalized in Dmxl1 KO ICs. In parallel, subcellular fractionation revealed less V1 associated B1 in the membrane fraction of KO cells relative to the cytosol. Furthermore, a proximity ligation assay performed using probes against B1 and a4 V-ATPase subunits also revealed decreased association. We propose that loss of Dmxl1 reduces V-ATPase holoenzyme assembly, thereby inhibiting proton pumping function. Dmxl1 may recruit the V1 domain to the membrane and facilitate assembly with the VO domain and in its absence V1 may be targeted for degradation. We conclude that Dmxl1 is a bona fide mammalian V-ATPase assembly factor.
Beyond “business as usual”: lessons from FIFA for fair benefit-sharing in global health
Authors: Wahl Brian , Butin Gabriel , Gombe Spring , Demiray Atalay , Schwalbe Nina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
While researchers and agencies from low- and middle-income countries often contribute significantly to public health surveillance data, which is crucial for effective pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response activities, they often do not receive adequate compensation for their contributions. Incentivizing data sharing is important for informing public health responses to pathogens with pandemic potential. However, existing data-sharing legal frameworks have limitations. In this context, we looked beyond “business as usual” candidates to explore the applicability of a benefit-sharing model developed and implemented by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (International Federation of Association Football; FIFA) in international association football. This model rewards grassroots contributions and redistributes benefits, promoting a fair balance of interests across diverse economic contexts. We discuss adapting FIFA's mechanisms, including training compensation and solidarity payments, to create a novel benefit-sharing framework in global health. Given the complexity of global health, we note ways in which components of the FIFA model would need to be adapted for global health. Challenges such as integrating into existing legal frameworks, ensuring broad international buy-in, and accommodating different pandemic periods are examined. While adapting the FIFA model presents challenges, it offers a promising approach to achieving more equitable data sharing and benefit distribution in global health.
Successful management of thymic neuroendocrine tumour with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis
Authors: Fukuyama Kaoru , Funakoshi Yasunobu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A 42-year-old man was referred to psychiatry with acute onset of confusion and agitation. His screening computed tomography scan showed middle mediastinal tumours. Preoperative cerebrospinal fluid analysis was positive for anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 antibody; possible paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis was diagnosed. Tumour resection was performed. Pathological examination showed thymic neuroendocrine tumour, stage IV. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with everolimus for adjuvant therapy, with complete improvement of encephalitis symptoms. The patient remained well without tumour recurrence or exacerbation of psychiatric disorders for 14 months after the operation.
Ecoclimate drivers shape virome diversity in a globally invasive tick species
Authors: Ni Xue-Bing , Pei Yao , Ye Yong-Tao , Shum Marcus Ho-Hin , Cui Xiao-Ming , Wu Yu-Qian , Pierce Mac P , Zhao Lin , Wang Gong-Pei , Wei Jia-Te , Fan Jing-Li , Wang Qian , Smith David K , Sun Yi , Du Li-Feng , Zhang Jie , Jiang Jia-Fu , He Pei-Jun , Chen Xin , Wei Hua , Zhao Ning-Qi , Cao Wu-Chun , Lam Tommy Tsan-Yuk , Jia Na ,   Tick Genome and Microbiome Consortium
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Spillovers of viruses from animals to humans occur more frequently under warmer conditions, particularly arboviruses. The invasive tick species Haemaphysalis longicornis, the Asian longhorned tick, poses a significant public health threat due to its global expansion and its potential to carry a wide range of pathogens. We analyzed meta-transcriptomic data from 3595 adult H. longicornis ticks collected between 2016 and 2019 in 22 provinces across China encompassing diverse ecological conditions. Generalized additive modeling revealed that climate factors exerted a stronger influence on the virome of H. longicornis than other ecological factors, such as ecotypes, distance to coastline, animal host, tick gender, and antiviral immunity. To understand how climate changes drive the tick virome, we performed a mechanistic investigation using causality inference with emphasis on the significance of this process for public health. Our findings demonstrated that higher temperatures and lower relative humidity/precipitation contribute to variations in animal host diversity, leading to increased diversity of the tick virome, particularly the evenness of vertebrate-associated viruses. These findings may explain the evolution of tick-borne viruses into generalists across multiple hosts, thereby increasing the probability of spillover events involving tick-borne pathogens. Deep learning projections have indicated that the diversity of the H. longicornis virome is expected to increase in 81.9% of regions under the SSP8.5 scenario from 2019 to 2030. Extension of surveillance should be implemented to avert the spread of tick-borne diseases.
Genetic predisposition to bone mineral density and their health conditions in East Asians
Authors: Lin Ying-Ju , Liang Wen-Miin , Chiou Jian-Shiun , Chou Chen-Hsing , Liu Ting-Yuan , Yang Jai-Sing , Li Te-Mao , Fong Yi-Chin , Chou I-Ching , Lin Ting-Hsu , Liao Chiu-Chu , Huang Shao-Mei , Tsai Fuu-Jen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Osteoporosis, a condition defined by low BMD (typically &lt; −2.5 SD), causes a higher fracture risk and leads to significant economic, social, and clinical impacts. Genome-wide studies mainly in Caucasians have found many genetic links to osteoporosis, fractures, and BMD, with limited research in East Asians (EAS). We investigated the genetic aspects of BMD in 86 716 individuals from the Taiwan Biobank and their causal links to health conditions within EAS. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted, followed by observational studies, polygenic risk score assessments, and genetic correlation analyses to identify associated health conditions linked to BMD. GWAS and gene-based GWAS studies identified 78 significant SNPs and 75 genes related to BMD, highlighting pathways like Hedgehog, WNT-mediated, and TGF-β. Our cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression analyses for BMD and osteoporosis consistently validated their genetic correlations with BMI and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in EAS. Higher BMD was linked to lower osteoporosis risk but increased BMI and T2D, whereas osteoporosis linked to lower BMI, waist circumference, hemoglobinA1c, and reduced T2D risk. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses revealed that a higher BMI causally increases BMD in EAS. However, no direct causal relationships were found between BMD and T2D, or between osteoporosis and either BMI or T2D. This study identified key genetic factors for bone health in Taiwan, and revealed significant health conditions in EAS, particularly highlighting the genetic interplay between bone health and metabolic traits like T2D and BMI.
Blockchain self-update smart contract for supply chain traceability with data validation
Authors: Valencia-Payan Cristian , Griol David , Carlos Corrales Juan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A sustainable supply chain management strategy reduces risks and meets environmental, economic and social objectives by integrating environmental and financial practices. In an ever-changing environment, supply chains have become vulnerable at many levels. In a global supply chain, carefully tracing a product is of great importance to avoid future problems. This paper describes a self-updating smart contract, which includes data validation, for tracing global supply chains using blockchains. Our proposal uses a machine learning model to detect anomalies on traceable data, which helps supply chain operators detect anomalous behavior at any point in the chain in real time. Hyperledger Caliper has been used to evaluate our proposal, and obtained a combined average throughput of 184 transactions per second and an average latency of 0.41 seconds, ensuring that our proposal does not negatively impact supply chain processes while improving supply chain management through data anomaly detection.
Implementing the human right to science in neuroscience
Authors: Greely Henry T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article considers the implications of the international Human Right to Science for advances in neuroscience. First, it provides background information on both the Human Right to Science and on likely challenges arising from neuroscience in five categories: prediction, mind-reading, mind-control, mental enhancement, and “humanness.” Second, it examines the Human Right to Science, analyzing its internal contradictions in general, discussing those contradictions in reference to neuroscience, and then analyzing some practical limitations it would have. Third, it considers how human rights law might better approach neuroscience, first through strengthening the Human Right to Science and then by finding neuroscience-relevant rights in existing or novel Human Rights. The article concludes that the Human Right to Science may play a small part in neuroscience, especially in promoting freedom to do neuroscience research, but that its overall role is likely to be minor.
Association between oral targeted cancer drug net health benefit, uptake, and spending
Authors: Lau-Min Kelsey S , Wu Yaxin , Rochester Shavon , Bekelman Justin E , Kanter Genevieve P , Getz Kelly D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Targeted cancer drugs (TCDs) have revolutionized oncology but vary in clinical benefit and patient out-of-pocket (OOP) costs. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Value Framework uses survival, toxicity, and symptom palliation data to quantify the net health benefit (NHB) of cancer drugs. We evaluated associations between NHB, uptake, and spending on oral TCDs.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients aged 18-64 years with an incident oral TCD pharmacy claim in 2012-2020 in a nationwide deidentified commercial claims dataset. TCDs were categorized as having high (&gt;60), medium (40-60), and low (&lt;40) NHB scores. We plotted the uptake of TCDs by NHB category and used standard descriptive statistics to evaluate patient OOP and total spending. Generalized linear models evaluated the relationship between spending and TCD NHB, adjusted for cancer indication.

Results
We included 8524 patients with incident claims for 8 oral TCDs with 9 first-line indications in advanced melanoma, breast, lung, and pancreatic cancer. Medium- and high-NHB TCDs accounted for most TCD prescriptions. Median OOP spending was $18.78 for the first 28-day TCD supply (interquartile range [IQR] = $0.00-$87.57); 45% of patients paid $0 OOP. Median total spending was $10 118.79 (IQR = $6365.95-$10 600.37) for an incident 28-day TCD supply. Total spending increased $1083.56 for each 10-point increase in NHB score (95% confidence interval = $1050.27 to $1116.84, P &lt; .01 for null hypothesis H0 = $0).

Conclusion
Low-NHB TCDs were prescribed less frequently than medium- and high-NHB TCDs. Total spending on oral TCDs was high and positively associated with NHB. Commercially insured patients were largely shielded from high OOP spending on oral TCDs.