bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eigensolution of rotationally repetitive space structures using a canonical form
Authors: Kaveh A. , Nemati F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper, an efficient eigensolution is presented for calculating the buckling load and free vibration of rotationally cyclic structures. This solution uses a canonical form linear algebra that often occurs in matrices associated with graph models. A substructuring method is proposed to avoid the generation of entire matrices. Utilizing the aforementioned method, the geometric stiffness matrix is generated in an efficient time saving manner. Then solution for the eigenproblem is presented for geometric nonlinearity via the canonical form based on the block diagonalization method. In order to confirm the efficiency of the presented method, examples are solved using both the classic and the presented approaches. Comparison of the required computational time for the two methods shows that in the new approach the required computational time is reduced considerably. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secure ubiquitous connectivity in hybrid multipath wirelessad hocnetwork
Authors: Vaidya Binod , Kim Tai‐hoon , Park Jong Hyuk , Lee Young Jae 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWith the increasing demand of ubiquitous computing, the interconnection of mobilead hocnetwork (MANET) to internet is also getting attractive, which is so‐called hybrid or connected MANET. Further, as the use of multipathad hocrouting protocols is favorable in many application, hybrid multipath MANET, which is a MANET with multiple routes to the Internet, will also grow. Security issues in hybrid MANET, however, are still a challenging task. This paper addresses security issues related to Internet connectivity andad hocrouting. In this paper, we present secure architecture framework for ubiquitous connectivity in hybrid multipath MANET that provides secure FA discovery as well as a secure Mobile IP registration for MN. We provide security and performance analysis for the proposed framework, and compare it with the exisitng schemes. It shows that the proposed framework is more effective than the existing schemes in terms of various parameters. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma with metastasis to the frontal skull
Authors: Feng Dian , Rhatigan Ronald , Shuja Sania , Wolfson David , Makary Raafat , Koch Kathryn , Masood Shahla 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPapillary thyroid carcinoma with metastasis to the frontal skull is extremely rare. We report a case of unsuspected papillary thyroid carcinoma with frontal skull metastasis. The patient was a 62‐year‐old African American woman with presentation of a 4‐cm firm, painless, immobile, ill‐defined mass at the right forehead. Ultrasound and computer tonography detected a hypervascular and osteolytic tumor involving the skull and overlying skin. Fine‐needle aspiration was performed followed by surgical biopsy. Cytologic examination revealed the presence of hypercellular and bloody material. The neoplasm showed glandular features and was composed of clusters of round to oval cells with pinkish squamoid cytoplasm, oval nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli on smears and sections of cell block. With immunocytochemical stain, the neoplastic cells were positive for pancytokeratin and vimentin and focally positive for EMA, while they were negative for S100, HMB45, Melan‐A, CD34, GFAP, CD10, LCA, RCC and CD138. The diagnosis was a metastatic carcinoma. Clinical follow up with surgical biopsy was recommended. Surgical biopsy demonstrated histological and cytological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma including prominent papillae, nuclear overlapping, grooves, and intranuclear pseudoinclusions. Thus, a diagnosis of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma was rendered. Though skull metastasis of thyroid carcinoma is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a skull mass lesion is encountered. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clear‐cell hidradenoma in a child: A diagnostic dilemma for the cytopathologist
Authors: Gupta Ruchika , Singh Sompal , Gupta Kusum , Kudesia Madhur 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPrimary cutaneous tumors are infrequently subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology. As a result, the cytological reports of skin adnexal tumors like hidradenoma are scarce in the available literature.A young boy with a painless nodule on forehead underwent fine needle aspiration. The smears showed clusters of epithelial cells containing blue cytoplasm, some of which had vacuolated cytoplasm with mild nuclear pleomorphism and occasional larger hyperchromatic nucleus. The cytological features, in conjunction with the clinical examination, suggested a skin appendageal tumor. Though nuclear pleomorphism and occasional larger nucleus posed a cytological diagnostic challenge, a diagnosis of benign appendageal tumor was suggested, considering the young age of the patient. This was later confirmed as a clear‐cell hidradenoma on excision biopsy.The cytopathologist should consider skin appendageal tumors during evaluation of cutaneous nodules. An accurate diagnosis requires a close clinico‐pathologic correlation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixed metaplastic carcinoma of the breast associated with pregnancy: Diagnostic dilemmas in fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Skagias Lazaros , Vasou Olympia , Michalopoulou Fani , Kondi‐Pafiti Agathi , Politi Ekaterini 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMetaplastic carcinoma of the breast represents a rare entity characterized by the simultaneous presence of ductal, squamous, and/or mesenchymal components in several proportions. There are limitations in fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis due to its pathological heterogeneity. When it develops under pregnancy and lactation influence, the cytologic evaluation appears to be more difficult and accurate diagnosis often proves challenging. We describe a case of mixed metaplastic carcinoma with dominant areas of squamous metaplasia, sarcomatoid stroma with spindle cells, and a minor component of cartilaginous metaplasia. We notify our experience in diagnostic approach of this entity focusing on differential diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A straightforward synthesis of 5‐ethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐4‐methyl‐2(5H)‐furanone
Authors: Tian Hong‐Yu , Zhang Hao , Sun Bao‐guo 
Published: May 2009

Abstract5‐Ethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐4‐methyl‐2(5H)‐furanone has a sweet, maple, caramel odour and is an important flavour compound. It was synthesized starting from diethyl oxalate through the Grignard reaction and condensation. The effects of bases on the condensation of the intermediate, ethyl 2‐oxobutanoate, with propanal were investigated. The self‐condensation predominated when a weaker base, such as K2CO3, was used, while the yield of the desired product increased with the increasing basicity of the bases used. The self‐condensation could be suppressed completely in the presence of a stronger base, LDA or t‐BuOK, and 5‐ethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐4‐methyl‐2(5H)‐furanone was produced in about 90% separated yield in the presence of 3 eq of t‐BuOK. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-dose ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis #
Authors: Lindor Keith D. , Kowdley Kris V. , Luketic Velimir A. C. , Harrison Edwyn M. , McCashland Timothy , Befeler Alex S. , Harnois Denise , Jorgensen Roberta , Petz Jan , Keach Jill , Mooney Jody , Sargeant Carol , Braaten Julie , Bernard Tamara , King Debra , Miceli Ellen , Schmoll Jeff , Hoskin Tanya , Thapa Prabin , Enders Felicity 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Previous controlled trials are inconclusive regarding the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) for treating primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). One hundred fifty adult patients with PSC were enrolled in a long-term, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of high-dose UDCA (28-30 mg/kg/day) versus placebo. Liver biopsy and cholangiography were performed before randomization and after 5 years. The primary outcome measures were development of cirrhosis, varices, cholangiocarcinoma, liver transplantation, or death. The study was terminated after 6 years due to futility. At enrollment, the UDCA (n = 76) and placebo (n = 74) groups were similar with respect to sex, age, duration of disease, serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels, liver histology, and Mayo risk score. During therapy, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels decreased more in the UDCA group than the placebo group (P < 0.01), but improvements in liver tests were not associated with decreased endpoints. By the end of the study, 30 patients in the UDCA group (39%) versus 19 patients in the placebo group (26%) had reached one of the pre-established clinical endpoints. After adjustment for baseline stratification characteristics, the risk of a primary endpoint was 2.3 times greater for patients on UDCA than for those on placebo (P < 0.01) and 2.1 times greater for death, transplantation, or minimal listing criteria (P = 0.038). Serious adverse events were more common in the UDCA group than the placebo group (63% versus 37% [P < 0.01]). Conclusion: Long-term, high-dose UDCA therapy is associated with improvement in serum liver tests in PSC but does not improve survival and was associated with higher rates of serious adverse events. (Hepatology 2009.)
Compensatory role of P-glycoproteins in knockout mice lacking the bile salt export pump #
Authors: Wang Renxue , Chen Huey-Ling , Liu Lin , Sheps Jonathan A. , Phillips James M. , Ling Victor 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Bile salt export pump (BSEP; ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, member 11) mutations in humans result in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2, a fatal liver disease with greatly reduced bile flow. However in mice, Bsep knockout leads only to mild cholestasis with substantial bile flow and up-regulated P-glycoprotein genes (multidrug resistance protein 1a [Mdr1a] and Mdr1b). To determine whether P-glycoprotein is responsible for the relatively mild phenotype observed in Bsep knockout mice, we have crossed mouse strains knocked out for Bsep and the two P-glycoprotein genes and generated a triple knockout mouse. We found that a knockout of the three genes leads to a significantly more severe phenotype with impaired bile formation, jaundice, flaccid gallbladder, and increased mortality. The triple knockout mouse is the most severe genetic model of intrahepatic cholestasis yet developed. Conclusion: P-glycoprotein functions as a critical compensatory mechanism, which reduces the severity of cholestasis in Bsep knockout mice. (Hepatology 2009.)
Evaluating a nonionic surfactant as a tool to improve water availability in irrigated cotton
Authors: Sullivan D. G. , Nuti R. C. , Truman C. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNonionic surfactants have been well researched in turf grass environments as a tool to ameliorate water‐repellant conditions. However, few studies have evaluated the risks and benefits of nonionic surfactant applications in row‐crop agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a nonionic surfactant on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production on a Faceville loamy sand (fine, kaolinitic thermic Typic Kandiudult) in the coastal plain region of Georgia. The experiment consisted of two components: (1) on‐site rainfall simulation and (2) agronomic cotton field trials. Treatments were designed to test the impact of rate and frequency of surfactant applications using six combinations of application rates and timings. For the rainfall simulation component, only the control (0·0 L ha−1) and high rate (0·51 L ha−1) of surfactant applications were evaluated. During the field trial, soil water content, cotton stand counts, and yield were measured. Rainfall simulations showed that the addition of surfactant increased runoff, decreased infiltration, and promoted surface sealing. Despite the demonstrated potential for water loss, agronomic field trials showed that crop yields were not significantly different between surfactant‐treated and untreated plots. No differences in soil water content were observed between treatments at 5 and 15 cm depths; however, soil water content was significantly higher in untreated control plots at the 30 cm depth. Data demonstrate the need for clarification of soil physical/chemical properties and surfactant interactions that may lend themselves to the creation of surface seals and how these seals impact soil/water conservation and crop yield. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors: Potential in cancer therapy
Authors: Marks P.A. , Xu W.‐S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe role of histone deacetylases (HDAC) and the potential of these enzymes as therapeutic targets for cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and a number of other disorders is an area of rapidly expanding investigation. There are 18 HDACs in humans. These enzymes are not redundant in function. Eleven of the HDACs are zinc dependent, classified on the basis of homology to yeast HDACs: Class I includes HDACs 1, 2, 3, and 8; Class IIA includes HDACs 4, 5, 7, and 9; Class IIB, HDACs 6 and 10; and Class IV, HDAC 11. Class III HDACs, sirtuins 1–7, have an absolute requirement for NAD+, are not zinc dependent and generally not inhibited by compounds that inhibit zinc dependent deacetylases. In addition to histones, HDACs have many nonhistone protein substrates which have a role in regulation of gene expression, cell proliferation, cell migration, cell death, and angiogenesis. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been discovered of different chemical structure. HDACi cause accumulation of acetylated forms of proteins which can alter their structure and function. HDACi can induce different phenotypes in various transformed cells, including growth arrest, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species facilitated cell death and mitotic cell death. Normal cells are relatively resistant to HDACi induced cell death. Several HDACi are in various stages of development, including clinical trials as monotherapy and in combination with other anti‐cancer drugs and radiation. The first HDACi approved by the FDA for cancer therapy is suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, vorinostat, Zolinza), approved for treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 600–608, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Linking chronic tryptophan deficiency with impaired bone metabolism and reduced bone accrual in growing rats
Authors: Sibilia Valeria , Pagani Francesca , Lattuada Norma , Greco Antonella , Guidobono Francesca 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that serotonin may regulate bone metabolism. However, its role remains to be clarified. Serotonin seems to be either beneficial or detrimental for bone tissues depending on the pharmacological manipulation used. In this study we evaluated the impact of a reduction of serotonergic stores induced by chronic tryptophan (TRP) depletion on various bone parameters in growing rats. For this purpose rats received a TRP‐free diet for 60 days. Bone mass, mineral content and density were measured by DXA and by pQCT in the appendicular skeleton. Bone metabolic markers included urinary deoxypyridinoline and serum osteocalcin measurements. IGF‐I levels were also evaluated. In TRP‐free diet rats, we found a decrease in body weight, a delayed femoral bone growth and bone mineral content as measured by DXA. pQCT analysis showed that these effects were related to a reduction of both cortical and trabecular bone and are associated with a reduction of bone strength. These effects are due to a negative shift in the balance between bone formation and resorption with a significant decrease in bone formation as evidenced by a reduction both in osteocalcin and IGF‐I levels. The present data extend our overall knowledge on the participation of serotonin in the regulation of growing bone and could be of interest in studying the impairment of bone growth in depressed subjects under particular condition of rapid bone accrual such as childhood and adolescence. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 890–898, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactive oxygen species‐induced cell death of rat primary astrocytes through mitochondria‐mediated mechanism
Authors: Wang Chia‐Chun , Fang Kuan‐Min , Yang Chung‐Shi , Tzeng Shun‐Fen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAstrocytes, the most abundant glial cell population in the central nervous system (CNS), play physiological roles in neuronal activities. Oxidative insult induced by the injury to the CNS causes neural cell death through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. This study reports that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by exposure to the strong oxidizing agent, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) as a chemical‐induced oxidative stress model, caused astrocytes to undergo an apoptosis‐like cell death through a caspase‐3‐independent mechanism. Although activating protein‐1 (AP‐1) and NF‐κB were activated in Cr(VI)‐primed astrocytes, the inhibition of their activity failed to increase astrocytic cell survival. The results further indicated that the reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was accompanied by an increase in the levels of ROS in Cr(VI)‐primed astrocytes. Moreover, pretreatment of astrocytes withN‐acetylcysteine (NAC), the potent ROS scavenger, attenuated ROS production and MMP loss in Cr(VI)‐primed astrocytes, and significantly increased the survival of astrocytes, implying that the elevated ROS disrupted the mitochondrial function to result in the reduction of astrocytic cell viability. In addition, the nuclear expression of apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG) was observed in Cr(VI)‐primed astrocytes. Taken together, evidence shows that astrocytic cell death occurs by ROS‐induced oxidative insult through a caspase‐3‐independent apoptotic mechanism involving the loss of MMP and an increase in the nuclear levels of mitochondrial pro‐apoptosis proteins (AIF/EndoG). This mitochondria‐mediated but caspase‐3‐independent apoptotic pathway may be involved in oxidative stress‐induced astrocytic cell death in the injured CNS. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 933–943, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and characterization of an Nrf2‐mediated ARE upstream of the rat glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene (GCLC)
Authors: Li Muyao , Chiu Jen‐Fu , Kelsen Anne , Lu Shelly C. , Fukagawa Naomi K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe antioxidant response element (ARE) is an essential component of upstream regulatory sequences present on genes for most phase II detoxification enzymes, including the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a principal transcription factor that binds to the ARE and plays a key role in cellular responses to stress via the Keap1‐Nrf2‐ARE pathway. However, the ARE that mediates human GCLC gene expression has not been found in the rat. Thus, how the ARE‐mediated Keap1‐Nrf2‐ARE pathway regulates glutathione homeostasis in the rat remains a puzzle. We have identified a putative ARE sequence ∼4 kb upstream in the rat GCLC. We further defined the rat GCLC‐ARE in the category with the most ARE characters, that is, this rat GCLC‐ARE is a sequence‐specific site that significantly enhances promoter activity in reporter genes. The rat GCLC‐ARE is an Nrf2‐mediated element to which binding has been demonstrated in nuclear extracts and induced by tert‐butylhydroquinone. Given the central role that rat models play in toxicology and pathology, this first discovery of the rat GCLC‐ARE enhancer similar to that found in the human gene has broad implications for the study of antioxidant defenses and their regulation in a number of different fields. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 944–954, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trends in daily precipitation on the northeastern Iberian Peninsula, 1955–2006
Authors: López‐Moreno J. I. , Vicente‐Serrano S. M. , Angulo‐Martínez M. , Beguería S. , Kenawy A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe temporal evolution of nine daily precipitation indices over the northeastern Iberian Peninsula was analysed for the period 1955–2006, using data from 217 observatories. Cross‐tabulation analysis enabled detection of statistically significant overlap among spatial distributions of trends in the study area. There was a general decrease in annual precipitation at most observatories, a decrease in the number of rainy days and precipitation intensity and an increase in the duration of dry spells. The frequency and contribution to annual precipitation of moderate and heavy rainfall events did not change at most observatories, or showed a decreasing trend in these events. There was very large spatial and seasonal variability, with implications for water management and risk assessment in the region. The decrease in precipitation was very marked in headwaters during winter and spring, potentially affecting reservoir management in the region. Heavy rainfall events generally decreased in the west of the region in winter, and in the east of the region in autumn, when these areas are more exposed to hazards related to extreme rainfall. Large differences in the sign and magnitude of trends occurred over very short distances, suggesting the need for dense networks of observatories to ensure reliable and robust detection of regional trends. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Mycotoxins in fuel ethanol co‐products derived from maize: a mass balance for deoxynivalenol
Authors: Schaafsma Arthur W , Limay‐Rios Victor , Paul Diane E , Miller J David 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Three matrices—corn (maize) meal, distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and condensed distiller's solubles (CDS)—were sampled in sequence from a continuous dry‐milling process plant for the determination of mass balance of deoxynivalenol (DON). Four commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were evaluated for their ability to measure the presence of DON. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was used as standard method to detect DON and other Fusarium toxins.RESULTS: The concentrations of DON in DDGS and especially CDS were overestimated or underestimated by ELISA. However, for both matrices, all ELISA methods were not significantly different in their mean results from the LC/MS/MS standard, although the variability in results was much higher. DON concentrations in the CDS and the final DDGS co‐product were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) than in the starting material (corn grain). Toxin concentration increased by a factor of 3 on a dry weight basis in DDGS compared with the starting corn and by a factor of 4 in CDS. Mean concentration of DON in CDS was four times higher (7.11 mg kg−1) than in corn grains (1.80 mg kg−1) and 1.4 times higher than in DDGS (5.24 mg kg−1). Mass balance calculations showed that CDS was the main source of contamination of DON, comprising ca 70% of the toxin found in the final product (DDGS). Most DON (87%) was accounted for by this analysis.CONCLUSION: Concentrations in the grain corn entering ethanol plants should be close to the dietary values recommended for swine in Canada and the USA for DON (1 mg kg−1). Small amounts of acetyldeoxynivalenol and DON glucoside were also found in the three matrices along with a small amount of zearalenone. Unlike the situation for DON, the DON glucoside was not concentrated into DDGS and CDS, indicating that it was hydrolysed during the fermentation process. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry