bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel silver‐tubing method for quantitative introduction of water into high‐temperature conversion systems for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic measurements
Authors: Qi Haiping , Gröning Manfred , Coplen Tyler B. , Buck Bryan , Mroczkowski Stanley J. , Brand Willi A. , Geilmann Heike , Gehre Matthias 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA new method to seal water in silver tubes for use in a TC/EA (thermal conversion/elemental analyzer) reduction unit using a semi‐automated sealing apparatus can yield reproducibilities (1 standard deviation) of δ2H and δ18O measurements of 1.0‰ and 0.06‰, respectively. These silver tubes containing reference waters may be preferred for the calibration of H‐ and O‐bearing materials analyzed with a TC/EA reduction unit. The new sealing apparatus employs a computer‐controlled stepping motor to produce silver tubes identical in length. The reproducibility of the mass of water sealed in tubes (in a range of 200–400 µg) can be as good as 1%. Approximately 99% of the sealed silver tubes are satisfactory (leak free). Although silver tubes sealed with reference waters are robust and can be shaken or heated to 110°C with no loss of integrity, they should not be frozen because the expansion during the phase transition of water to ice will break the cold seals and all the water will be lost. The tubes should be shipped in insulated containers.This new method eliminates air inclusions and isotopic fractionation of water associated with the loading of water into capsules using a syringe. The method is also more than an order of magnitude faster than preparing water samples in ordinary Ag capsules. Nevertheless, some laboratories may prefer loading water into silver capsules because expensive equipment is not needed, but users of this method are cautioned to apply the necessary corrections for evaporation, back exchange with laboratory atmospheric moisture, and blanks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient and clean charge derivatization of peptides for analysis by mass spectrometry
Authors: An Mingrui , Dai Jingquan , Wang Qingsong , Tong Yuanpeng , Ji Jianguo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCharge derivatization with succinimidyloxycarbonylmethyl tris(2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenyl)phosphonium bromide (TMPP‐Ac‐OSu) has great potential in several aspects of proteomics, such as peptide de novo sequencing, PTM analysis, etc. However, the excess reagent and its side products greatly limited its scope of use. Here, we report an improved method to perform charge derivatization of peptides by TMPP‐Ac‐OSu without interference from the excess reagent and corresponding side products. Briefly, the protein was first separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) or coagulated with the gel. The protein in‐gel was then incubated with a high concentration of reagent, followed by extensive washing. Afterwards, the protein was in‐gel digested with trypsin according to the routine protocol. The mainly resultant peptides were attached with one positive tag on the N‐termini or Lys‐ε‐NH2. The process has been successfully applied to 2‐DE resolved protein spots. Compared to the native proteins, the derivatized counterparts have higher rates of PMF identification and more straightforward tandem mass spectra. This promising method should pave the way for the practical use of charge derivatization in proteomics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observation of a chemically labile, noncovalent enzyme intermediate in the reaction of metal‐dependent Aquifex pyrophilus KDO8PS by time‐resolved mass spectrometry
Authors: Roberts Anne , Furdui Cristina , Anderson Karen S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe direct detection of intermediates in enzymatic reactions can yield important mechanistic insights but may be difficult due to short intermediate lifetimes and chemical instability. Using a rapid‐mixing device coupled with electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, the noncovalent hemiketal intermediate in the reaction of metal‐dependent 3‐deoxy‐D‐manno‐octulosonate‐8‐phosphate (KDO8P) synthase from Aquifex pyrophilus was observed in the millisecond time range. Using single turnover conditions, the noncovalent complexes of enzyme with Cd2+:phosphoenolpyruvate, Cd2+:phosphate, Cd2+:KDO8P, and Cd2+:intermediate complexes were resolved. The intermediate complex is present during times ranging from 50–630 ms, indicating that the intermediate builds up at the ambient temperatures of the experiment. This represents the first direct detection of the intermediate with a native metal‐dependent KDO8PS, and further demonstrates that time‐resolved mass spectrometry is a useful tool in mechanistic studies of enzymatic reactions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unsupervised classification of dynamic obstacles in urban environments
Authors: Katz Roman , Nieto Juan , Nebot Eduardo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a solution to the problem of unsupervised classification of dynamic obstacles in urban environments. Atrack‐basedmodel is introduced for the integration of two‐dimensional laser and vision information that provides a robust spatiotemporal synthesis of the sensed moving obstacles and forms the basis for suitable algorithms to perform unsupervised classification by clustering. This work presents various contributions in order to achieve accurate and efficient performance, initially using laser tracks for classification and then incorporating visual tracks to the model. A procedure is proposed for accurate unsupervised classification of dynamic obstacles using alaser stamprepresentation of the tracks. Laser data are then integrated with visual information through a single‐instancevisual stamprepresentation, which is finally extended using a multiple‐instance framework to robustly deal with challenges associated with perception in real‐world scenarios. The proposed algorithms are extensively validated with a simulated environment. Experiments with a research vehicle in an urban environment demonstrate the performance of the approach with real data. The experimental results reach an accuracy of more than 92% for obstacle classification, finding the clusters that correspond to the main obstacle classes in the data. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organic matter distribution in floodplains can be predicted using spatial and vegetation structure data
Authors: Cierjacks A. , Kleinschmit B. , Kowarik I. , Graf M. , Lang F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRiparian forest ecosystems play a significant role in the storage of organic carbon. However, the knowledge on the spatial patterns of organic matter distribution which is crucial to the assessment of the C sequestration potential of riparian ecosystems is still lacking. The aim of our study was to identify predictors of organic matter distribution in floodplain soils and vegetation. We analysed the depth distribution of soil horizons to 1 m below the surface, calculated the organic C content and quantified living biomass and woody debris at 67 sampling plots in the Donau–Auen National Park (Austria) along principle spatial gradients (longitudinal, lateral and vertical to river direction). Multiple regression models were fitted using hierarchical partitioning of spatial information, which was supplemented by forest stand parameters as possible predictors of soil C. The concentration of organic C in the subsoil horizons increased significantly with distance to the main channel. In addition, the thickness of soil horizons enriched with organic matter increased downstream which probably indicates the effect of riverbed changes over the last two centuries. Model prediction of soil parameters was improved with the inclusion of vegetation structure variables which are a consequence of local river dynamics. Highly dynamic locations indicated by higher stem numbers, greater understory vegetation cover, lower mean stem diameter and lower canopy cover showed significantly lower concentrations of soil organic C and lower total organic C stocks. We conclude that spatial information and vegetation structure can indicate gradients of geomorphic floodplain dynamic, which is the main driver of organic matter storage. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limnological aspects of humic substances in Chubut River (Patagonia‐Argentina)
Authors: del C. Scapini M. , Conzonno V. H. , Orfila J. D. , Saravia J. , Balzaretti V. T. , Cirelli A. F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHumic Substances (HSs) of the Chubut River (Patagonia‐Argentina) have been investigated, during two consecutive years and different climatic seasons, in order to obtain a first approach at their spatial and temporal distribution, as well as their origin and relation with environmental characteristics. Absorbance at 250 nm and limnological variables were measured and the data processed by different statistical tools. We found that the processes developed in the lower sections of Chubut River are dominated by those produced in the Florentino Ameghino Reservoir. The riverine HSs are present in very low concentrations, have mainly autochthonous origin, exhibit spatial homogeneity and temporal variability similar to nutrients (nitrates and soluble reactive phosphorus). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic method for predetermined scanning electron microscope analysis in dental science
Authors: Marchionni Silvia , Baldissara Paolo , Monaco Carlo , Scotti Roberto 
Published: June 2010

AbstractScanning electron microscope evaluation could be criticized if the method adopted to correct for bias is not specified in the study design. Observers can draw conclusions from images unconsciously chosen to best support their research hypotheses, impairing the basic research principle of operator's impartiality. In this study, a systematic observation method has been described and verified for repeatability. The number and the observation points on a certain specimen have been predetermined using a scheme along with observation rules previously established in the research protocol. When our instrument is used at an operating magnification between 500× and 1,000× (corresponding to a frame of 250×190 µ and 120×90 µ, respectively), the method allowed 100% repeatable observation frames, with linear frame errors in finding an observation point of 12.5% in length and 16.8% in height. With modifications to accommodate research objective and statistical requirements, the method could be applied to many SEM observation study. SCANNING 32: 97–103, 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nachhaltige Verwendung von Stahl im Gebäudebestand
Authors: Ungermann Dieter , Brune Bettina , Preckwinkel Eva , Hassler Uta 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBei baulichen Maßnahmen nimmt die Bedeutung des Gebäudebestandes gegenüber dem Neubau ständig zu. Zur intelligenten Bewirtschaftung des Bestandes wird eine Vielzahl von Kenntnissen über die Bestandsstruktur, die Möglichkeiten der Weiternutzung und die Recyclingprozesse benötigt. Hieraus folgen verschiedene Fragestellungen und Forschungsansätze, die nachfolgend vorgestellt werden.Sustainable use of steel in existing buildings. Existing buildings continuously gain importance compared to new buildings. An intelligent management of the building stock requires wide knowledge of the stock structure, the possibilities of further use and the recycling process. This leads to various questions and research approaches which are presented below.
Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von Brückenbauwerken
Authors: Zinke Tim , Diel Randolf , Mensinger Martin , Ummenhofer Thomas 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBrückenbauwerke wurden in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten viel zu oft als reine Zweckbauten angesehen und ihre kulturelle Bedeutung sowie die Wechselwirkung mit der Umwelt vernachlässigt. Im Rahmen der aktuellen Ansätze einer ganzheitlichen Bewertung von Baumaßnahmen rücken jetzt viele über den reinen Herstellungspreis hinausgehende Bewertungskriterien in den Vordergrund. Diese sind aber insbesondere für Infrastrukturbauwerke noch nicht vollständig entwickelt. So existiert hier bisher kein ganzheitliches, in sich abgestimmtes System, das ähnlich wie im Hochbau eine Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung ermöglicht.Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt den aktuellen Stand der Nachhaltigkeitsdiskussion im Brückenbau dar und zeigt anhand zweier Anwendungsbeispiele bestehende Probleme und Defizite auf. Darüber hinaus werden zukünftig zu lösende Aufgaben sowie zu entwickelnde Bewertungsansätze diskutiert.Sustainability assessment of bridge constructions. In the past, building structures were often regarded as functional buildings; their cultural significance as well as the interaction with the surrounding environment were frequently neglected. Within the scope of a growing demand for a holistic assessment of building activities, many evaluation criteria going beyond the pure manufacturing cost come to the fore. They are, however, not completely developed for infrastructure buildings. Up to now, no holistic, coordinated system is available facilitating a sustainability assessment similar to building construction.This article presents the current state of the sustainability assessment in bridge construction and shows existing problems and deficits by means of two application examples. In addition, problems to be solved in the future as well as approaches of assessment to be developed are discussed.
Die Ökobilanz als Baustein der Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung im Industrie‐ und Gewerbebau
Authors: Kuhnhenne Markus , Döring Bernd , Kocker Ronald , Pyschny Dominik , Feldmann Markus 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIm Herbst 2009 wurde das “Deutsche Gütesiegel Nachhaltiges Bauen” für die Gebäudetypen Industriebauten und Handelsbauten offiziell vorgestellt. Die Ökobilanz als wichtiger Baustein der Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung wird somit auch im Industrie‐ und Gewerbebau zukünftig stark an Bedeutung gewinnen.Der vorliegende Beitrag beinhaltet einen Vergleich der Umweltleistung verschiedener Bauweisen des Industrie‐ und Gewerbebaus, die durch die Ökobilanzierung quantifizierbar wird, anhand von momentan verfügbaren Daten und Methoden. Es werden ausgewählte Ergebnisse sowie vorhandene Unsicherheiten und daraus resultierender Forschungsbedarf aufgezeigt.Life Cycle Analysis as a part of the assessment of sustainability in industrial construction. In autumn 2009, the DGNB‐certification for industrial buildings was presented officially. Thus, the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) as an important part of the assessment of sustainability will prospectively gain in importance also in the sector of industrial buildings.The following article contains a comparison of the environmental performance of different construction methods in the sector of industrial buildings, which is quantifiable by the use of LCA, with the help of current available data and methods. Selected results, existing uncertainties and the hence resulting need for research are presented.
Von Kapstadt nach Brasília – 19 Charakter‐Variationen über das Thema Stadion
Authors: Möller Eberhard 
Published: June 2010

AbstractZu den anerkannten europäischen Kulturleistungen zählen zweifellos die gut 30 Goldberg‐Variationen von Johann Sebastian Bach oder die 33 Diabelli‐Variationen von Ludwig van Beethoven. Bei solchen Charakter‐Variationen erfährt ein festes Thema vielfältige Abwandlungen und erscheint in ganz unterschiedlichen Ausdrucksformen. Ähnlich wie musikalische Motive lassen sich natürlich auch konstruktive oder architektonische Themen variieren. Äußerst selbstbewusst stellen die Architekten von Gerkan, Marg und Partner (gmp) ihre aktuellen Stadion‐ Variationen nun in die Tradition der genannten Meisterwerke – 19 Stadien, die das Architekturmuseum der Technischen Universität München vom 22. April bis 20. Juni 2010 in der Pinakothek der Moderne zeigt (Bild 1), 19 Stadien, die derzeit auf vier Erdteilen in Planung und Bau sind oder in den letzten Monaten fertig gestellt wurden. Tatsächlich präsentiert sich sogar bei den Stadiondächern eine unerwartete Vielfalt und enorme Variationsbreite unterschiedlicher Konstruktionen – und das, obwohl effizienter Materialeinsatz erklärtes Ziel der beteiligten Tragwerksplaner ist, die in 17 Fällen aus dem Ingenieurbüro Schlaich Bergermann und Partner (SBP) stammen und in den übrigen Beiden aus dem Büro Werner Sobek.
Wnt3a Activates Dormant c-Kit− Bone Marrow-Derived Cells with Short-Term Multilineage Hematopoietic Reconstitution Capacity
Authors: Trowbridge Jennifer J. , Guezguez Borhane , Moon Randall T. , Bhatia Mickie 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Quiescent cells lacking expression of mature lineage makers and the c-Kit receptor reside in adult bone marrow. Despite their phenotypic similarity to hematopoietic stem cells, these Lin−Sca-1+c-Kit− cells lack myeloid and erythroid potential and long-term hematopoietic repopulating capacity, whereas, recent studies have functionally demonstrated that the Lin−Sca-1+c-Kit− population contains early lymphoid-committed progenitors. Examining the role of Wnt signaling in regulation of this population, we found that c-Kit− cells express diverse Wnt receptors and proliferate upon Wnt pathway activation in vitro and in vivo. Stimulation with Wnt3a, but not Wnt5a or Wnt11, promoted c-Kit− cells to give rise to myeloid and erythroid progenitors with robust self-renewal capacity measured by clonal replating. In addition, Wnt3a-stimulated c-Kit− cells gave rise to all hematopoietic lineages (lymphoid, myeloid, and erythroid) upon transplant into the liver of newborn recipient mice. Our study reveals that Wnt3a activates unique cell fate decisions of dormant c-Kit− that promotes short-term multilineage reconstitution capacity in vivo, thereby revealing a unique role for Wnt activation in hematopoiesis. Overall, our results highlight the potential of utilizing signaling molecules known to have instructive roles in regeneration to discover cell subsets residing in adult organisms with unexploited regenerative capacity.
In vitro biomonitoring of contamination by estrogenic compounds in coastal environments: Comments on the use of M. galloprovincialis
Authors: David Arthur , Fenet Hélène , Escande Aurélie , Munaron Dominique , Rosain David , Maillot‐Maréchal Emmanuelle , Aït‐Aïssa Selim , Casellas Claude , Gomez Elena 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe use of mussel extracts in in vitro bioassays which express the estrogen receptor could provide valuable information on the bioavailability of endocrine disruptors in coastal environments. The aim of this study was to assess the temporal variability of the estrogenic responses in bioassays in Mytilus galloprovincialis. A 6‐month in situ experiment was conducted in order to follow the estrogenic activity on MELN cell line during the reproduction stages of mussels. Estradiol equivalents (EEQ) determined in mussels using the MELN cell lines ranged from 0.79 to 3.72 ng/g dry weight (d.w.) in males, from 0.42 to 2.33 ng/g d.w. in females and from 3.41 to 4.2 d.w. in undifferentiated bivalves. We observed an increase in EEQ values during the spawning stage for males, not for female. The maximal EEQ values were observed at the indifferent stage. We discuss these results in regards to the actual knowledge on mussels' reproductive cycle and to the possible impact of xeno‐estrogens. Variations of E2 levels in mussels must be taken into account for further studies on xeno‐estrogens monitoring using hER reporter cell‐lines bioassays. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2011.
Comparative study of the clastogenicity of functionalized and nonfunctionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes in bone marrow cells of Swiss‐Webster mice
Authors: Patlolla Anita K. , Hussain Saber M. , Schlager John J. , Patlolla Srikant , Tchounwou Paul B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe development of nanotechnologies may lead to environmental release of nanomaterials that are potentially harmful to human health. Among the nanomaterials, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are already commercialized in various products which can be in direct contact with populations. However, few studies address their potential toxicity. Although a few reports on the cytotoxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been published, very little is known about their toxicity or genotoxicity in mammalian cells. We have for the first time compared the clastogenic/genotoxic potential of functionalized and nonfunctionalized MWCNTs in bone marrow cells of Swiss‐Webster mice; using mitotic index (MI), chromosome aberrations (CA), micronuclei (MN) formation, and DNA damage in leukocytes as toxicologic endpoints. Six groups of five male mice, each weighing ∼30 ± 2 g, were administered intraperitoneally, once a day for five days with doses of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, mg/kg body weight (BW) of functionalized and nonfunctionalized MWCNTs. Four vehicle control groups (negative) and a positive control group (carbon black) were also made of 5 mice each. Chromosome and micronuclei from bone marrow cells and comet slides from leukocytes were examined following standard protocols. The results demonstrated that MWCNTs exposure significantly increased (P < 0.05) the number of structural chromosomal aberrations, the frequency of micronucleated cells and the level of DNA damage, and decreased the mitotic index in treated groups compared to control groups. MWCNTs were shown to be toxic at sufficiently high concentrations, however purified functionalized MWCNTs had a higher clastogenic/genotoxic potential compared to nonfunctionalized form of MWCNT. The results of our study suggest that exposure to MWCNT has the potential to cause genetic damage. Hence, careful monitoring should be done with respect to designing/synthesizing biocompatible carbon nanomaterials. Further characterization of their systemic toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity is also essential. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
Fetal cerebral blood flow velocities in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Van Mieghem T. , Sandaite I. , Michielsen K. , Gucciardo L. , Done E. , Dekoninck P. , Claus F. , Deprest J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectivesLeft ventricular cardiac output is decreased in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Our aim was to assess whether this alters cerebral perfusion or growth @ in utero.MethodsFetal head circumference, biparietal diameter, lung‐to‐head ratio and middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler flow patterns were assessed by ultrasonography in 103 fetuses with prenatally diagnosed CDH. Total fetal lung volume and cerebral volume were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Values were transformed to gestational age‐independent scores (multiples of the median (MoM)) and compared with controls. Subanalyses were made according to whether the CDH was left‐ (n = 86) or right‐sided (n = 17) and to whether it was isolated (n = 86) or associated with other anomalies (n = 17).ResultsMCA flow velocity was significantly lower in fetuses with CDH than in healthy fetuses (0.79 ± 0.19 MoM; P < 0.0001) but MCA pulsatility index was unchanged (0.99 ± 0.25 MoM; P = 0.79). Cranial biometry and cerebral volume in CDH fetuses fell in the normal range. Gestational age‐adjusted lung area was correlated with MCA peak systolic velocity, which was in turn correlated with brain volume.ConclusionsFetal cerebral blood flow velocities are decreased in CDH yet cranial and cerebral growth are conserved. Further work will be needed to address whether part of the neurologic impairment observed in long‐term survivors of CDH finds its origin in the prenatal period. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.