bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous modulation of multicolor upconversion emission and thermal‐sensing performance of Ba5Zn4Y8O21 phosphors
Authors: Wang Hong , Liu Shuang , Zhang Boyuan , Zhao Jiaqi , Xing Mingming , Tian Ying , Luo Xixian , Fu Yao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, we report the modulation of the emission color and optical temperature‐sensing properties of Er3+ in Ba5Zn4Y8O21 crystals. Er3+ single‐doped Ba5Zn4Y8O21 phosphors showed green emission under 980 nm excitation. When codoping with Yb3+ ions, the red emission component from the Er3+ ions increased significantly, and the sample emission turned orange. Yb3+–Er3+ codoped Ba5Zn4Y8O21 samples exhibited bright red emission with a maximum IR/IG value of 89.30 when excited with a longer wavelength, 1550 nm. A broad range of emission colors could be modulated by adjusting the dopant concentration. The possible modulation mechanisms and upconversion processes were analyzed based on the luminescence decay curves and power‐dependent emission intensities. Furthermore, the optical temperature‐sensing properties of Ba5Zn4Y8O21:Er3+ and Ba5Zn4Y8O21:Er3+, Yb3+ phosphors with thermal coupled energy levels (TCELs) and nonthermal coupled energy levels (N‐TCELs) of Er3+ ions were investigated using fluorescence intensity ratio technique. Based on the TCELs (2H11/2/4S3/2), the Er3+ single‐doped and Yb3+–Er3+ codoped Ba5Zn4Y8O21 phosphors present the similar optical thermometry behaviors under 980 and 1550 nm excitation. The highest absolute (Sa) and relative sensitivity (Sr) are 3.95 × 10−3 K−1 at 573 K and 1.31% K−1 at 303 K, respectively. Based on N‐TCELs (4F9/2/2H11/2), the temperature‐sensing performance depends on the Yb3+ dopant and excitation wavelength. The highest values for Sa and Sr reached 5.46 K−1 at 303 K and 1.38% K−1 at 573 K for the Ba5Zn4Y8O21:Er3+, Yb3+ phosphor under 1550 nm excitation, respectively. In addition, the present phosphor exhibited high stability and repeatability over a wide temperature range. These results indicate that the multicolor modulation upconversion Ba5Zn4Y8O21‐based phosphor can be considered a potential reusable optical thermometer for noncontact temperature detection.
Role of solvent composition and sintering time on the porosity of α‐alumina monoliths produced by freeze casting
Authors: da Silva Saulo Lucas Pereira , de Faria Anna Carolina Britto , dos Santos Giovana Magalhães , de Lima Ribeiro Camila , Aiube Carlos Martins , de Souza Rodrigo Nunes , de Assis Silva João Paulo Santiago , Athayde Daniel Dornellas , de Sousa Lima Luiz Fernando , Mohallem Nelcy Della Santina , Silva Alysson Martins Almeida 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present study reports the investigation of the influence of naphthalene–camphor binary solvent and the densification process on the pore structure formation of α‐alumina monoliths using the freeze‐casting technique with a freezing temperature control mechanism. Freeze‐casting technique allowed a controlled production of monoliths with high porosity (65%–70%) and distinct pore morphologies based on the adjustment of solvent composition (hypoeutectic, eutectic, and hypereutectic) and sintering time. In general, the longer the sintering time, the greater the average pore diameter (8–10 µm), the larger the grain size (∼319–596 nm), the higher the material density (∼1450–1650 kg/m3), the lower the open porosity (∼60%–49%), the higher the closed porosity (5%–18%), and the greater the compressive strength of the monoliths (hypoeutectic: 23.56 MPa; eutectic: 4.81 MPa; hypereutectic: 23.49 MPa). The study also reveals that the solvent composition directly influenced the alignment of the pore structure, as the pores of the final monolith resemble frozen solvent crystals. Hydraulic tortuosity varied from 1.30 to 1.53 for selected samples. Finally, solvent composition and sintering time proved to be important parameters that should be considered in the manufacturing process of porous ceramic structures via freeze casting.
Leadership factors for cardiopulmonary resuscitation for clinicians in‐hospital; behaviours, skills and strategies: A systematic review and synthesis without meta‐analysis
Authors: Jurd Catherine , Barr Jennieffer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo identify leadership factors for clinicians during in‐hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation.DesignSystematic review with synthesis without meta‐analysis.MethodsThe review was guided by SWiM, assessed for quality using CASP and reported with PRISMA.Data SourcesCochrane, EMBASE, PubMed, Medline, Scopus and CINAHL (years of 2013–2023) and a manual reference list search of all included studies.ResultsA total of 60 papers were identified with three major themes of useful resuscitation leadership; ‘social skills’, ‘cognitive skills and behaviour’ and ‘leadership development skills’ were identified. Main factors included delegating effectively, while being situationally aware of team members' ability and progress during resuscitation, and being empathetic and supportive, yet ‘controlling the room’ using a hands‐off style. Shared decision‐making to reduce cognitive load for one leader was shown to improve effective teamwork. Findings were limited by heterogeneity of studies and inconsistently applied tools to measure leadership.ConclusionTraditional authoritarian leadership styles are not wanted by team members with preference for shared leadership and collaboration. Balancing this with the need for team members to see leaders in ‘control of the room’ brings new challenges for leaders and trainers of resuscitation.Implications for Nursing ProfessionAll clinicians need effective leadership skills for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in‐hospital. Nurses provide first response and ongoing leadership for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Nurses typically display suitable skills that align with useful resuscitation leader factors.ImpactWhat were the main findings?Collaboration rather than an authoritarian approach to leadership is preferred by team members. Nurses are suitable to ‘control the room’. Restricting resuscitation team size will manage disruptive behaviour of team members.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO Registration: CRD42022385630.Patient of Public ContributionNo patient of public contribution.
Pathomorphological characteristics of heat stress in the experiment
Authors: Shablii Tetiana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThe purpose of this research was to explore some morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in female and fetal Wistar rats under heat stress.MethodsThe experiment involved 30 animals, including two experimental groups (pregnant and nonpregnant females) kept under heat stress at 32°C and one control group consisting of healthy individuals kept in standard vivarium conditions. After dissection, fixation, dehydration, and primary processing, tissue samples were embedded in a mixture of paraffin and lanolin to obtain material for sections. Sections were made using a freezing and angular microtome and stained with hematoxylin and fuchsine solutions. Changes in morphology were assessed by microscopy using a Leitz DIAPLAN system.ResultsAs a result of heat stress, an increase in linear cell size, capillary network area, and adrenal mass was observed; adipocytes lost lipid vacuoles; prismatic thyroid cells were replaced by flat cells; hypothyroidism; an increase in the number of osteocyte lacunae; and increased osteoclast activity in bone tissue; interstitial and intracellular oedema and caryopycnosis of ventricular cardiomyocytes; reduction in the diameter of skeletal muscle fibers and replacement of tissue with collagen fibers; water loss in the structure of myofibrils; destructive local changes, hyperchromatosis and caryopycnosis of the hippocampus.ConclusionsThe data obtained allows predicting the possible consequences of prolonged overheating of tissues of other vertebrates and the human body.
Different impacts of hedonic and utilitarian personal Internet usage behaviour on well‐being and work engagement: A daily examination
Authors: Li Yolanda Na , Law Kenneth S. , Yu Bingjie , Wang Lin , Li Dandan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPast research suggests that personal Internet usage (PIU) at work can carry both costs and benefits for employees, but offers no explanation for these mixed results. In this research, we argue that the competing findings might be due to the existence of different types of PIU. We take a daily approach and propose that hedonic PIU (HPIU, i.e. relaxing oneself) benefits employees' end‐of‐workday well‐being and work engagement while utilitarian PIU (UPIU, i.e. solving others' problems) hinders their well‐being and work engagement. We test our theorizing using three studies. In Study 1, we summarized previous PIU studies and relied on machine learning methods to classify the 618 PIU activities identified in prior studies. We found that prior research mixed HPIU and UPIU and might reach different conclusions. In Study 2, we condensed the PIU activity list in Study 1 and developed measurement scales of HPIU and UPIU. In Study 3, we analysed 1063 multi‐wave daily inputs from 125 employees and found that on a daily basis, HPIU benefits employees' well‐being by fostering a state of recovery, while UPIU impedes well‐being and work engagement by inducing a state of depletion. Moreover, supervisor support for employees' personal behaviours strengthens the beneficial effect of HPIU.
Intra‐leaf modeling of Cannabis leaflet shape produces leaf models that predict genetic and developmental identities
Authors: Balant Manica , Garnatje Teresa , Vitales Daniel , Hidalgo Oriane , Chitwood Daniel H. 
Published: May 2024

Summary

The iconic, palmately compound leaves of Cannabis have attracted significant attention in the past. However, investigations into the genetic basis of leaf shape or its connections to phytochemical composition have yielded inconclusive results. This is partly due to prominent changes in leaflet number within a single plant during development, which has so far prevented the proper use of common morphometric techniques.

Here, we present a new method that overcomes the challenge of nonhomologous landmarks in palmate, pinnate, and lobed leaves, using Cannabis as an example. We model corresponding pseudo‐landmarks for each leaflet as angle‐radius coordinates and model them as a function of leaflet to create continuous polynomial models, bypassing the problems associated with variable number of leaflets between leaves.

We analyze 341 leaves from 24 individuals from nine Cannabis accessions. Using 3591 pseudo‐landmarks in modeled leaves, we accurately predict accession identity, leaflet number, and relative node number.

Intra‐leaf modeling offers a rapid, cost‐effective means of identifying Cannabis accessions, making it a valuable tool for future taxonomic studies, cultivar recognition, and possibly chemical content analysis and sex identification, in addition to permitting the morphometric analysis of leaves in any species with variable numbers of leaflets or lobes.
Impacts of elevated temperature and vapour pressure deficit on leaf gas exchange and plant growth across six tropical rainforest tree species
Authors: Middleby Kali B. , Cheesman Alexander W. , Cernusak Lucas A. 
Published: May 2024

Summary

Elevated air temperature (Tair) and vapour pressure deficit (VPDair) significantly influence plant functioning, yet their relative impacts are difficult to disentangle.

We examined the effects of elevated Tair (+6°C) and VPDair (+0.7 kPa) on the growth and physiology of six tropical tree species. Saplings were grown under well‐watered conditions in climate‐controlled glasshouses for 6 months under three treatments: (1) low Tair and low VPDair, (2) high Tair and low VPDair, and (3) high Tair and high VPDair. To assess acclimation, physiological parameters were measured at a set temperature.

Warm‐grown plants grown under elevated VPDair had significantly reduced stomatal conductance and increased instantaneous water use efficiency compared to plants grown under low VPDair. Photosynthetic biochemistry and thermal tolerance (Tcrit) were unaffected by VPDair, but elevated Tair caused Jmax25 to decrease and Tcrit to increase. Sapling biomass accumulation for all species responded positively to an increase in Tair, but elevated VPDair limited growth.

This study shows that stomatal limitation caused by even moderate increases in VPDair can decrease productivity and growth rates in tropical species independently from Tair and has important implications for modelling the impacts of climate change on tropical forests.
Capturing men's perspectives on prevalence, existing resources, and solutions to depression and anxiety using community‐based participatory research and focus groups
Authors: Molewyk Doornbos Mary , Landheer Zandee Gail 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveMen are predisposed to suffer from unaddressed depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to capture the perceptions of men in three urban, racially/ethnically diverse, under‐resourced, and impoverished neighborhoods around this health issue. The results were used to design a resident‐driven solution to this health disparity.DesignDesign This study utilized a focus group method within the ideological perspective of community‐based participatory research (CBPR).SampleSample The researchers recruited 50 Black, Hispanic, and White men aged 23–83 years to participate in this study during the summer of 2021.MeasurementsMeasurements Data were collected via six homogeneous, Zoom‐based focus groups. Five of the focus groups were offered in English and the sixth in Spanish.ResultsThe men identified themes and subthemes pertaining to the perception of widespread depression and anxiety in their neighborhoods, existing typical and atypical community resources, and suggested solutions to this health disparity. These results were translated into a solution involving the training of five male, lay mental health ambassadors.ConclusionsPolicies and solutions to issues of mental health disparity must be informed by the communities that they intend to serve. CBPR is a robust vehicle for empowering communities to address the healthcare issues facing them.
Associations of between‐ and within‐day patterns of physical activity accumulation with arterial stiffness and indices of microvascular health—Evidence from The Maastricht study
Authors: Lear Rebecca , Metcalf Brad , Hillsdon Melvyn , Bond Bert , Koster Annemarie , Vandercappellen Evelien , de Galan Bastiaan , Berendschot Tos T. J. M. , Houben Alfons , Kooman Jeroen , Kroon Abraham A. , Bosma Hans , Eussen Simone J. P. M. , Pulsford Richard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile physical activity (PA) is understood to promote vascular health, little is known about whether the daily and weekly patterns of PA accumulation associate with vascular health. Accelerometer‐derived (activPAL3) 6‐ or 7‐day stepping was analyzed for 6430 participants in The Maastricht Study (50.4% women; 22.4% Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)). Multivariable regression models examined associations between stepping metrics (average step count, and time spent slower and faster paced stepping) with arterial stiffness (measured as carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV)), and several indices of microvascular health (heat‐induced skin hyperemia, retinal vessel reactivity and diameter), adjusting for confounders and moderators. PA pattern metrics were added to the regression models to identify associations with vascular health beyond that of stepping metrics. Analyses were stratified by T2DM status if an interaction effect was present. Average step count and time spent faster paced stepping was associated with better vascular health, and the association was stronger in those with compared to those without T2DM. In fully adjusted models a higher step count inter‐daily stability was associated with a higher (worse) cfPWV in those without T2DM (std β = 0.04, p = 0.007) and retinal venular diameter in the whole cohort (std β = 0.07, p = 0.002). A higher within‐day variability in faster paced stepping was associated with a lower (worse) heat‐induced skin hyperemia in those with T2DM (std β = −0.31, p = 0.008). Above and beyond PA volume, the daily and weekly patterns in which PA was accumulated were additionally associated with improved macro‐ and microvascular health, which may have implications for the prevention of vascular disease.
Neighbourhood factors and tuberculosis incidence in Cape Town: A negative binomial regression and spatial analysis
Authors: Molemans M. , Kayaert L. , Olislagers Q. , Abrahams S. , Berkowitz N. , Mohr‐Holland E. , McKelly D. , Wood R. , van Leth F. , Hermans S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the link between poverty and tuberculosis (TB) is widely recognised, limited studies have investigated the association between neighbourhood factors and TB incidence. Since the factors influencing different episodes of TB might be different, this study focused on the first episode of TB disease (first‐episode TB).MethodsAll first episodes in previously linked and geocoded TB notification data from 2007 to 2015 in Cape Town, South Africa, were aggregated at the neighbourhood level and merged with the 2011 census data. We conducted an ecological study to assess the association between neighbourhood incidence of first‐episode TB and neighbourhood factors (total TB burden [all episodes] in the previous year, socioeconomic index, mean household size, mean age, and percentage males) using a negative binomial regression. We also examined the presence of hotspots in neighbourhood TB incidence with the Global Moran's I statistic and assessed spatial dependency in the association between neighbourhood factors and TB incidence using a spatial lag model.ResultsThe study included 684 neighbourhoods with a median first‐episode TB incidence rate of 114 (IQR: 0–345) per 100,000 people. We found lower neighbourhood socioeconomic index (SEI), higher neighbourhood total TB burden, lower neighbourhood mean household size, and lower neighbourhood mean age were associated with increased neighbourhood first‐episode TB incidence. Our findings revealed a hotspot of first‐episode TB incidence in Cape Town and evidence of spatial dependency in the association between neighbourhood factors and TB incidence.ConclusionNeighbourhood TB burden and SEI were associated with first‐episode TB incidence, and there was spatial dependency in this association. Our findings can inform targeted interventions to reduce TB in high‐risk neighbourhoods, thereby reducing health disparities and promoting health equity.
Neuromodulatory effects of parietal high‐definition transcranial direct‐current stimulation on network‐level activity serving fluid intelligence
Authors: Erker Tara D. , Arif Yasra , John Jason A. , Embury Christine M. , Kress Kennedy A. , Springer Seth D. , Okelberry Hannah J. , McDonald Kellen M. , Picci Giorgia , Wiesman Alex I. , Wilson Tony W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFluid intelligence (Gf) involves rational thinking skills and requires the integration of information from different cortical regions to resolve novel complex problems. The effects of non‐invasive brain stimulation on Gf have been studied in attempts to improve Gf, but such studies are rare and the few existing have reached conflicting conclusions. The parieto‐frontal integration theory of intelligence (P‐FIT) postulates that the parietal and frontal lobes play a critical role in Gf. To investigate the suggested role of parietal cortices, we applied high‐definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD‐tDCS) to the left and right parietal cortices of 39 healthy adults (age 19–33 years) for 20 min in three separate sessions (left active, right active and sham). After completing the stimulation session, the participants completed a logical reasoning task based on Raven's Progressive Matrices during magnetoencephalography. Significant neural responses at the sensor level across all stimulation conditions were imaged using a beamformer. Whole‐brain, spectrally constrained functional connectivity was then computed to examine the network‐level activity. Behaviourally, we found that participants were significantly more accurate following left compared to right parietal stimulation. Regarding neural findings, we found significant HD‐tDCS montage‐related effects in brain networks thought to be critical for P‐FIT, including parieto‐occipital, fronto‐occipital, fronto‐parietal and occipito‐cerebellar connectivity during task performance. In conclusion, our findings showed that left parietal stimulation improved abstract reasoning abilities relative to right parietal stimulation and support both P‐FIT and the neural efficiency hypothesis.
imageKey points
Abstract reasoning is a critical component of fluid intelligence and is known to be served by multispectral oscillatory activity in the fronto‐parietal cortices.
Recent studies have aimed to improve abstract reasoning abilities and fluid intelligence overall through behavioural training, but the results have been mixed.
High‐definition transcranial direct‐current stimulation (HD‐tDCS) applied to the parietal cortices modulated task performance and neural oscillations during abstract reasoning.
Left parietal stimulation resulted in increased accuracy and decreased functional connectivity between occipital regions and frontal, parietal, and cerebellar regions.
Future studies should investigate whether HD‐tDCS alters abstract reasoning abilities in those who exhibit declines in performance, such as healthy ageing populations.
In-Silico Model Validation of Impact on a Composite Helmet Shell
Authors: Jennings Turner , Amini Rouzbeh , Müftü Sinan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Numerical impact simulation plays a critical role in the development and improvement of helmet systems. Due to the curvature of the helmet, the selection of impact position on the helmet may affect the ability to correlate results between numerical models and experimental results. In this study, high-velocity impact simulations were performed on composite plates, as well as a model of a modern composite helmet to validate helmet model performance. Results of the composite plate simulation show a non-converging increase in composite deformation with mesh refinement, indicating that model validation is a function of both material properties and mesh selection. Results of impact on the helmet model show that the calculated deformation of the helmet increases by up to 35% with a 20 mm change in impact position. The positional variation of helmet deformation is most pronounced on the front of the helmet. Due to the significant effect that impact position has on helmet deformation, the numerical model validation cannot be performed against experimental tests of a “small” sample size.