bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Craft Use and Academic Preparation in Craft Modalities
Authors: Dickerson Anne , Kaplan Susan Heling 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the use of crafts in psychiatric occupational therapy practice with the actual craft-related training received by occupational therapy students. Two questionnaires were developed, one related to the crafts used in clinical practice, the other related to the amount and type of craft training received in educational programs. One thousand occupational therapists who work in psychiatry and 139 accredited and developing educational programs were asked to complete the questionnaire appropriate to their setting. The final analysis involved 121 educational programs (87% response rate) and 384 clinical programs (38% response rate). The results suggest that there may be substantial differences between craft related training and actual clinical use of crafts.
The findings imply that educational programs must reevaluate the types of crafts taught and the method by which they are integrated into the total curriculum. Implications for the profession include the need to clarify the role of crafts as a therapeutic modality and to reflect on the future direction of the profession.
Current Concepts of Children’s Perceptions of Control
Authors: Coster Wendy J. , Jaffe Lynn E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Beliefs about control have been identified as an important aspect of the occupational therapy evaluation process because of their potential influence over the course of action chosen. This paper reviews the current status of research and theory in this area as it relates to children. Issues addressed include the drawbacks of the downward extension of adult theoretical models and tests to children, the multidimensionality of perceived control, and the relation between cognitive development and changes in beliefs. Recent revisions in theoretical models and new measures that provide more differentiated information on children’s beliefs about causality and personal efficacy are reviewed. The implications for the selection of instruments and interpretation of results for the assessment of children’s perceived control in clinical practice are discussed.
Wrist Extensor Orthoses: Dexterity and Grip Strength Across Four Styles
Authors: Stern Erica B. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Orthoses that are used to stabilize, protect, and support the wrist during functional activities often interfere with normal movement and, therefore, with hand function. This study compared the manual dexterity and grip strength of 20 female subjects while using a free hand and while wearing each of four wrist extensor orthoses: a Futuro prefabricated wrist brace (No. 33), a volar thumbhole orthosis, a volar orthosis with a radial connector bar, and a dorsal orthosis with distal transverse arch support.
Of these orthoses, the Futuro prefabricated wrist brace afforded the best overall dexterity, although it was significantly slower (p &lt; .05) than the other orthoses in a writing subtest. Of the custom-made orthoses, the volar style with radial connector bar afforded the best overall dexterity.
All of the orthoses significantly (p &lt; .01) reduced grip strength. The Futuro prefabricated wrist brace afforded the strongest grip strength of the four orthoses studied, and the volar thumbhole orthosis permitted the strongest grip among the custom-made orthotic styles.
Therapeutic Factors in Occupational Therapy Groups
Authors: Falk-Kessler Janet , Momich Christine , Perel Sharla 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A survey was administered to patients and their therapists in an attempt to assess which therapeutic factors were perceived as helpful in occupational therapy groups. The patients’ responses were compared to their therapists’ for similarities and differences. Both groups highly valued factors of group cohesiveness, instillation of hope, and interpersonal learning. The therapists also valued guidance and identification, which the patients did not. Least valued by the patients were guidance, existential factors, and identification; least valued by the therapists were self-understanding, family reenactment, and existential factors.
Spatial Disorientation in Persons With Early Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type
Authors: Liu Lili , Gauthier Louise , Gauthier Serge 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Although spatial disorientation is frequently observed in persons with Alzheimer disease, it is not well understood. A descriptive study was conducted to examine spatial skills associated with spatial orientation. Spatial tasks were selected and grouped into three types of spatial skills: perceptual, cognitive, and functional. These spatial tasks were administered to a group of 15 persons with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) (early Alzheimer disease) and a group of 15 control subjects. The results indicated that the subjects with SDAT were impaired on half of the perceptual spatial tasks and all of the cognitive spatial tasks. On the functional spatial tasks, however, the subjects with SDAT showed impaired skills in the new environment but intact skills in familiar environments.
Spatial disorientation poses a danger and limits a person’s ability to independently perform daily activities that require navigation outside of the home. Occupational therapy should therefore include the assessment of spatial orientation skills in persons who are in the early stages of dementia.
A Survey of Occupational Therapy Curricula
Authors: Marshall Edwinna 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Cross-sectional surveys were conducted of occupational therapy professional and technical programs. Part 1 describes general studies and prerequisite requirements for an entry-level baccaluareate degree in occupational therapy. Part 2 presents general studies, prerequisites, and technical curriculum of the occupational therapy assistant programs. Program directors design and manage professional programs based on their knowledge of academia, higher education, accreditation essentials, and consumer needs. Descriptive data of educational prerequisites and curriculum content are used in program evaluation and planning for accreditation, institutional strategic planning, marketing, projection of future needs, and facilitation of communication between curricula.
An Emerging View of Mastery, Excellence, and Leadership in Occupational Therapy Practice
Authors: Burke Janice Posatery , DePoy Elizabeth 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The recent focus on clinical reasoning in occupational therapy, specifically on how therapists solve complex problems, has stimulated interest in how master clinicians think in practice. By gaining insight into how clinicians think and what they think about when they identify and solve problems, we may be able to identify clinical reasoning patterns and processes that occupational therapy students and novice therapists need to experience in order to progress in their practice or to emerge as leaders in their field. Observation of the way in which clinical masters and leaders view challenges and solve problems as manifested in their clinical reasoning may provide new and potential therapists with clues as to how to best hone their skills and knowledge for future success in practice.
This paper describes a study that examined the relationship of mastery, excellence, and leadership in occupational therapy. Ten master clinicians were interviewed to determine the characteristics of their mastery and excellence in practice and to explore the degree to which they engaged in leadership behavior. The findings revealed that mastery, excellence, and leadership are independent of one another but that some characteristics are common to all of these phenomena.
Staff Development Through Analysis of Practice
Authors: Slater Deborah Yarett , Cohn Ellen S. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Dreyfus and Dreyfus’s (1986) five-stage model of skill acquisition is integrated with findings from the American Occupational Therapy Association/American Occupational Therapy Foundation Clinical Reasoning Study. This model is presented as an organizing framework for staff development. Strategies for the recognition and retention of experienced clinicians who can serve as mentors for newer colleagues are identified.
Occupational Therapy Work-Hardening Programs: A Demographic Study
Authors: Wyrick Joane M. , Niemeyer Linda Ogden , Ellexson Melanie , Jacobs Karen , Taylor Sallie 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A survey was conducted of 192 work-hardening and work-adjustment programs to gain an overview of practice patterns. The questionnaire covered program affiliation, services offered, staffing, program scheduling, average length of treatment per client, equipment used, physical settings, program status, number of clients seen each week, and types of functional outcome studies and research. The results demonstrate the tremendous growth of the involvement of occupational therapy in work hardening. This demographic study provides baseline information that can assist in the examination of trends and the development of new programs.
A Pilot Study of Differences in Play Behavior Between Children of Low and Middle Socioeconomic Status
Authors: von Zuben Maria Veronica , Crist Patricia A. , Mayberry Wanda 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Although play is an important activity of childhood, it is often a neglected modality in occupational therapy. Poverty has been identified as a factor that adversely affects the play of children when a limited number of factors are studied. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore multiple play behaviors that may be related to socioeconomic status. The developmental play ages of 41 middle socioeconomic status preschool children (22 boys, 19 girls) and 43 low socioeconomic status preschool children (24 boys, 19 girls) were assessed with a modified version of the Preschool Play Scale (Bledsoe & Shepherd, 1982; Knox, 1974). Teachers rated the children’s play behavior after a minimum of 2 months of interaction in their preschool classrooms. No significant differences between these two groups of children were found for developmental play age, play dimensions, or play categories. It was concluded that the exposure to positive experiences, such as peer interaction and preschool setting, may minimize the effects of poverty conditions on the play behavior of children.
The Able Self: Adaptive Patterns and Choices in Independent Living for a Person With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: McCuaig Margaret , Frank Gelya 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
An ethnographic approach was used to study adaptation to independent living of a 53-year-old woman with cerebral palsy in a West Coast Canadian city. The subject’s adaptation through her use of technology (including augmentative communication systems and a powered wheelchair), activity routines, and social supports was documented with the life history method. Short-term accommodations to disruption or breakdown of stable adaptations were observed through participant observation. The criterion of function alone was found insufficient to account for the subject’s choice of adaptive techniques, routines, and social supports. Adaptive choices appeared to depend on the subject’s desire to be perceived as able, especially as mentally competent, to the greatest extent possible. The way field experiences may be used to challenge professionals’ assumptions, in this case, concerning disability and treatment, is modeled for future ethnographic research in occupational therapy.
Assessment and Treatment of a Pediatric Patient in Chronic Care: Ethnographic Methods Applied to Occupational Therapy Practice
Authors: Frank Gelya , Huecker Esther , Segal Ruth , Forwell Susan , Bagatell Nancy 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Ethnographic methods were used to examine how an experienced occupational therapist assesses and treats a pediatric patient within a relatively long-term clinical relationship. Treatment goals for this preverbal child with Hirschsprung disease, who began occupational therapy at 22 months of age, included (a) introduction of oral feeding to reduce dependence on total parenteral nutrition through intravenous feeding and (b) facilitation of exploratory play, which had been developmentally delayed during extensive periods of immobilization during medical care. This article shows how the meaning of therapeutic activities changes for the patient over time, as the occupational therapist builds trust through affect attunement, validates his or her empathic interpretations, and develops common understandings with the patient’s family and others within the social and cultural contexts of chronic care.
Use of Treatment Activities in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Taylor Eve , Manguno Jeanne 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the treatment activities used most often by occupational therapists associated with the Louisiana State University Medical Center’s (LSUMC’s) occupational therapy program. The results of this study were used to make changes in the teaching of treatment activities in the program. Two samples of clinicians – 83 fieldwork supervisors and 59 former LSUMC students, mainly from the southeastern region of the country – identified how frequently their clinics had used each of 67 listed treatment activities in the past year. The results showed that noncraft activities were ranked as being used more frequently than either major or minor craft activities. This was true in all settings and all specialty areas of practice. In both groups, across all areas of practice, self-care and social skills activities ranked among the top five positions of activities frequently used in practice. Therapists in physical disabilities settings used crafts less frequently than therapists in mental health settings. As a result of this study, changes have been made in the teaching of treatment activities at LSUMC: Those activities that were ranked in the study as frequently used have been emphasized, and those ranked as infrequently used have been given less emphasis or deleted from the curriculum.
The Effect of Graded Craft Activities on Visuomotor Integration in an Inpatient Child Psychiatry Population
Authors: Kleinman Barbara L. , Stalcup Ange 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The effectiveness of a graded series of craft activities on improving visuomotor skills was tested with an inpatient child psychiatry population. A standardized test of visuomotor integration served as a pretest and posttest to compare two nonconcurrent groups in the same setting. The inpatient program was the same for both groups, except that the treatment group (n = 33) participated in a graded craft sequence, while the control group (n = 24) did not. The frequency and degree of improvement were significantly greater in the treatment group. The degree of improvement in both groups was significantly related to age, IQ, and diagnosis of affective disorder, but not to sex, psychotropic medication, number of treatment sessions, or other diagnoses, including conduct disorder and attention deficit disorder. Mean age and IQ did not differ significantly between the two groups. The study tentatively supports a graded crafts program as a means for the improvement of visuomotor skills, but suggests that further research be done with matched groups.
A Problem-Solving Version of the Allen Cognitive Level Test
Authors: Josman Naomi , Katz Noomi 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to construct and validate a problem-solving version of the existing Allen Cognitive Level Test (ACL) (Allen, 1985). The new problem-solving version of the ACL (ACL–PS) follows the theoretical developments of the cognitive disability theory and the information processing approach. It was constructed to provide a more accurate assessment of the problem-solving process as well as task performance, especially at the higher cognitive levels. Both tests were administered to a psychiatric adolescent group (n = 49) who were subdivided according to diagnosis and to a matched nondysfunctional control group (n = 29).
The results showed that both the ACL and the ACL–PS differentiated significantly between the patients and the control subjects and among the patient groups. At Level 6 of the ACL, none of the subjects needed any demonstration, with all scores distributed between independent performance or performance following verbal instructions only, that is, problem-solving phases that were added with the ACL–PS. The scoring of the ACL–PS is provided in addition to detailed scoring of the cognitive levels. It is suggested that the ACL–PS be implemented as a clinical evaluative tool with adolescents.
Occupational Therapy Service: Individual and Collective Understandings of the Founders, Part 1
Authors: Peloquin Suzanne M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This inquiry aims to explore the understandings of patient, therapist, and occupation held by the founders of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy. Influenced by contemporary historical events, the founders shared a common belief that the right occupation could help persons in need. Personal narratives found within the early occupational therapy literature illustrate each founder’s unique understanding of how occupation might address contemporary problems. Each view contributed to the development of a multifaceted therapy. Exploration of the multiple interpretations that shaped a common idea may help current therapists to better understand their heritage of caring and to compare it with current practices. The first part of this inquiry considers the personal narratives of George Edward Barton, Susan Elizabeth Tracy, and William Rush Dunton, Jr. The second part, which will appear in a later issue, will further discuss Dunton’s views, along with those of Eleanor Clarke Slagle, Herbert Hall, Susan Cox Johnson, and Thomas Bessell Kidner.
The Transition from Nonoral to Oral Feeding in Children
Authors: Dunbar Sandra Barker , Jarvis Ada H. , Breyer Marty 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this single-subject study, an evaluation was completed to determine the effect of occupational therapy intervention on the oral intake of 3 children who had their nutritional needs met by nonoral methods prior to the administration of an oral feeding program. Treatment consisted of a gradual increase of food presentation with the application of behavioral management methods and the presentation of developmentally appropriate play activities. Oral intake was measured during baseline and intervention phases to establish the effect of intervention. An analysis indicated an increase in oral intake in the intervention phase in 2 of the 3 children. The results, that occupational therapy intervention can increase the oral intake of children in transition from nonoral to oral feeding, might be strengthened through the replication of this study on larger populations.
What is Worth Knowing in Occupational Therapy?
Authors: Törnebohm Häkan 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
It is assumed that all professional work presupposes and is regulated by paradigms, which are owned by practitioners. Research oriented to a field of practice serves to influence the paradigms in that field and, consequently, the practices in it. Researchers in a field oriented to occupational therapy must find out what the practitioners in that field need to know. They have to explore for problems by engaging in discussions on paradigm issues together with practicing occupational therapists. This paper presents a sketch of a possible occupational therapy paradigm along with lists of queries that make use of essays written by occupational therapists.
Motor Learning Concepts Applied to Activity-Based Intervention With Adults With Hemiplegia
Authors: Sabari Joyce Shapero 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper presents a framework for the integration of motor learning research findings with a neurodevelopmental treatment perspective. The importance of activity-based intervention is emphasized, and a strategy for activity synthesis is presented. Clinical problems seen in persons with hemiplegia are used to clarify concepts and illustrate therapeutic interventions.
From Ellis Island to Assisted Living: Meeting the Needs of Older Adults From Diverse Cultures
Authors: Barney Karen F. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Among the rapidly increasing population of older adults, the minority elderly have also been increasing in numbers and are projected to grow at a more rapid rate than the white population well into the next century (American Association of Retired Persons, 1989). This factor, together with the existence of substantial ethnic diversity among both white and minority elders, mandates that our profession examine how we address the associated needs of all older adults who receive occupational therapy services in order to promote optimal performance and quality of life. Rationales for providers to increase personal awareness of these factors as basic contextual determinants in providing services are offered. The inclusion of cultural and ethnic considerations in all interventions with older adults as critical components in the provision of quality service is given, together with suggestions for methods of implementation.
Long-Term Care of the Aged: Ethical Dilemmas and Solutions
Authors: Crabtree Jeffrey L. , Caron-Parker Laura M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article identifies the need to rethink beliefs and assumptions about the bioethics of long-term care of elderly people. An unconventional way of conceptualizing autonomy is explored that may help occupational therapists support and maintain the independence of older frail and dependent persons. In addition, the partnership model of bioethics is introduced – that is, an ethical framework that makes partners of family members in health care decisions affecting the older adult.
Private Practice Occupational Therapy in the Skilled Nursing Facility: Creative Alliance or Mutual Exploitation?
Authors: Faust Lawrence , Meaker Myra K. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Occupational therapy private practice appears to play a major role in the provision of rehabilitation services in skilled nursing facilities. A critical look at the meaning of private practice, however, indicates that many of today’s private practitioners lack characteristics traditionally associated with that term. Group private practices are well suited to retain the essential qualities of private practice while competing effectively in a corporate environment. They accomplish this difficult task by applying therapeutic principles of growth and change to the complex relationship between the group practice and the skilled nursing facility. Application of these principles allows the occupational therapy group private practice to behave consistently with its professional identity while addressing the competitive demands of the marketplace.
The Use of Technical Aids Among Community-Based Elderly
Authors: Parker Marti G. , Thorslund Mats 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The growing elderly population will increase the need for assistive technology in the form of technical aids and housing adaptations to facilitate independence in activities of daily living. In this study, which was undertaken to facilitate a better understanding of the life-styles of the disabled elderly and the role of technical aids, 57 disabled persons over 74 years of age were studied. All of the subjects were residents of a rural Swedish community. The subjects had a total of 422 aids, an average of 7.4 per person. Seventy-five percent of the aids were being used, and 42 persons had at least one aid that granted autonomy. This finding illustrates the importance of technical aids in home care. It is recommended, therefore, that information about assistive technology be disseminated to personnel at all levels of community-based care.