bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dynamics of Diversification Discount*
Authors: Ahn Seoungpil 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUsing a sample of diversified firms over the period of 1980–2003, I investigate changes in the diversification discount over the two decades. The time‐series pattern of the diversification discount is created by the entrance and exit of discount firms. I find that the distribution of excess value can correctly predict the survivalship of a diversified firm. Discount firms are more likely to reverse their diversification within short time period. By contrast, the survival of diversification strategies among premium firms and focused firms is unrelated to the firms' excess values. After accounting for value effects, premium firms perform better than focused firms and discount firms. I interpret the results as evidence that excess value can correctly identify these firms that are successful and unsuccessful in their diversification.
Determinants of Corporate Bond Returns in Korea: Characteristics or Betas?*
Authors: Hong Woosun , Lee Seong‐Hyo , Park Young S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study investigates how the corporate bond's characteristics and Betas affect bond returns by using extensive Korean corporate bonds data from 2001 to the first half of 2007. Overall, our results indicate that bond characteristics provide significant explanations to excess returns while market factors (i.e., Betas) do not. It is strikingly different from the U.S. study of Gebhardt et al. (2005), which showed that market factors notably affect the excess returns of U.S. corporate bonds.
Earnings Uncertainty and Analyst Forecast Herding*
Authors: Song Minsup , Kim Doseong , Won Chaehwan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study empirically investigates how a firm's earnings uncertainty affects analysts' herding behaviors in earnings forecasts. Trueman (1994) and Graham (1999) analytically predict that analysts have higher incentives to issue a herding forecast when a firm's earnings uncertainty is low. We test this analytical prediction using a proxy for bold forecasts used by Gleason and Lee (2003) and Clement and Tse (2005). We classify analysts' earnings forecasts as bold when an analyst's revised forecast is larger (or smaller) than both the analyst's own prior forecast and the mean consensus forecast of other analysts immediately prior to the analyst's forecast. Earnings uncertainty is measured by standard deviation of time‐serial earnings forecast errors. A logit regression result shows a positive relation between bold forecasts and earnings uncertainty after controlling for analyst characteristics, which is consistent with the prediction by Trueman (1994) and Graham (1999). We also find that as earnings uncertainty increases, the accuracy of analysts' bold forecasts relative to consensus forecast accuracy also increases. These results imply that analysts are active in producing new relevant information about firms when earnings uncertainty is higher.
The Price Premium of China A‐Shares over Hong Kong H‐Shares: A Further Visit of the Liquidity Hypothesis*
Authors: Lee Hing‐Wah 
Published: March 2010

AbstractI examine the price premium between A‐shares and H‐shares using a sample of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Shanghai stock market intraday data in 2004. Following the market‐microstructure approach, I reinvestigate the liquidity hypothesis by incorporating spread and depth. The study generates two important results. First, China A‐shares on average provide better market liquidity than their Hong Kong H‐share counterparts do. Second, after controlling for traditional liquidity measures and variables related to competing hypotheses, the percentage differences in quoted spread and depth between A‐shares and H‐shares still explain significantly the price premium. Endogeneity between spread and depth does not affect the major findings.
International Transmission of Swap Market Movements: The U.S., Korea, and China*
Authors: Lee Hahn S. , Hong Woo‐Hyung 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates whether and to what extent the Korean and Chinese swap markets are linked to the US counterpart. We apply bivariate EGARCH models to daily closing mid‐rate data on swap maturities of 3, 5, and 10 years for the US, Korea, and China. We find that the US swap market has a major influence on the Korean and the Chinese swap markets. Strong evidence is found for the swap spread as well as volatility spillover effects from the US swap market to the Korean counterpart. On the other hand, the linkage between the US and Chinese swap markets turns out to be weak. This result indicates that the Chinese swap market, which opened on April 2006, is yet premature.
Regulatory Environment, Changing Incentives, and IPO Underpricing in the Korean Stock Market*
Authors: Shin Inseok 
Published: March 2010

AbstractI examine the importance of price support regulation in explaining IPO underpricing in the Korean stock market from 2001 through 2007. In contrast to the US practice where price support is provided effectively at the cost of the issuing firms, the price support in Korea resulted in direct costs to the underwriters. I construct a simple model to capture this feature of the regulation where IPO prices are determined through the interaction of the maximizing behaviors of underwriters and issuers. In the model, three variables, namely, the expected post‐IPO price volatility, size of newly issued shares, and size of tradable shares, are specified to affect the opportunity costs of underpricing. When combined with the regulatory regime change in 2003, which lightened underwriters’ obligations towards price support, the model implies that the magnitudes of the relationships between the three variables and underpricing have decreased since 2003. I test the hypotheses and find supportive empirical results: the relationship of underpricing with the expected price volatility has changed from positive to insignificant; those with sizes of newly issued and tradable shares from insignificant to negative. The findings contrast with existing Korean studies that do not find any evidence that price support regulation decreased the opportunity cost of underpricing for underwriters. The results also illustrate a more general point that to fully understand underpricing in a given stock market, it is crucial to take into account the regulatory environment that systematically influences agents’ incentives to control or generate underpricing.
Information Uncertainty Risk and Seasonality in International Stock Markets
Authors: Kim Dongcheol 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA parsimonious two‐factor model containing the market risk factor and a risk factor related to earnings information uncertainty has been developed to explain the seasonal regularity of January in international stock markets. This two‐factor model shows apparently stronger power in explaining time‐series behavior of stock returns and the cross‐section of average stock returns in all major developed countries than do the competing models. Furthermore, the arbitrage residual return in January, which is the difference in the average residual returns between the smallest and largest size portfolios, is statistically insignificant in all the countries. These results indicate that the risk factor related to earnings information uncertainty plays a special role in explaining the seasonal pattern of stock returns in January, and that January might be a month that potentially tends to differentially reward stocks having uncertain earnings information. It could be argued, therefore, that large returns in January might be a risk premium for taking information uncertainty risk concerning earnings and unexpected earnings surprises faced at the earnings announcement, and that the previously reported strong January seasonality in stock returns might result from the use of misspecified models in adjusting for risk.
WiPal
Authors: Claveirole Thomas , Dias de Amorim Marcelo 
Published: March 2010

Merging wireless traces is a fundamental step in measurement-based studies involving multiple packet sniffers. Existing merging tools either require a wired infrastructure or are limited in their usability. We propose WiPal, an offline merging tool for IEEE 802.11 traces that has been designed to be efficient and simple to use. WiPal is flexible in the sense that it does not require any specific services, neither from monitors (like synchronization, access to a wired network, or embedding specific software) nor from its software environment (e.g., an SQL server). WiPal is available for download as free software.
In this article, we present WiPal's design and algorithms. Most notably we propose a new synchronization algorithm that uses linear regressions on sliding windows of reference frames. A study of this algorithm shows it performs better than other synchronization algorithms. Experiments on real traces also show thatWiPal is an order of magnitude faster than other tools providing the same features.
On the Composition of the Preimmune Repertoire of T Cells Specific for Peptide–Major Histocompatibility Complex Ligands
Authors: Jenkins Marc K. , Chu H. Hamlet , McLachlan James B. , Moon James J. 
Published: March 2010

Millions of T cells are produced in the thymus, each expressing a unique α/β T cell receptor (TCR) capable of binding to a foreign peptide in the binding groove of a host major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. T cell–mediated immunity to infection is due to the proliferation and differentiation of rare clones in the preimmune repertoire that by chance express TCRs specific for peptide-MHC (pMHC) ligands derived from the microorganism. Here we review recent findings that have altered our understanding of how the preimmune repertoire is established. Recent structural studies indicate that a germline-encoded tendency of TCRs to bind MHC molecules contributes to the MHC bias of T cell repertoires. It has also become clear that the preimmune repertoire contains functionally heterogeneous subsets including recent thymic emigrants, mature naive phenotype cells, memory phenotype cells, and natural regulatory T cells. In addition, sensitive new detection methods have revealed that the repertoire of naive phenotype T cells consists of distinct pMHC-specific populations that consistently vary in size in different individuals. The implications of these new findings for the clonal selection theory, self-tolerance, and immunodominance are discussed.
Family influences on self-management among functionally independent adults with diabetes or heart failure: do family members hinder as much as they help?
Authors: Rosland Ann-Marie , Heisler Michele , Choi Hwa-Jung , Silveira Maria J. , Piette John D. 
Published: March 2010

Objectives: Among functionally independent patients with diabetes or heart failure, we examined family member support and family-related barriers to self-care. We then identified patient characteristics associated with family support and family barriers and how each was associated with self-management adherence. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of 439 patients with diabetes or heart failure (74% response rate). Results: 75% of respondents reported supportive family involvement in self-care; however, 25% reported frequent family-related barriers to self-care. Women reported family support less often (64% v. 77%) and family barriers to self-care more often (30% v. 21%) than men. 78% of respondents reported involved family members nagged or criticized them about illness care. In multivariate models, low health literacy, partnered status and higher family function were associated with higher family support levels, while female gender, older age, higher education, and more depression symptoms were associated with family barriers to self-care. Family barriers were associated with lower disease care self-efficacy (p<0.01), and both barriers and family support were associated with patients’ self-management adherence (both p<0.05). Discussion: Family members are highly involved in the self-care of these higher functioning patients. Interventions should help patients with chronic illness overcome family barriers to self-care and help families use positive and effective support techniques.
Anticentromere antibody positive Sjögren's Syndrome: a retrospective descriptive analysis
Authors: Bournia Vasiliki-Kalliopi K , Diamanti Konstantina D , Vlachoyiannopoulos Panayiotis G , Moutsopoulos Haralampos M 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Introduction
A subgroup of patients with primary Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) and positive anticentromere antibodies (ACA) were recognized as having features intermediate between SS and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Our goal was to describe this group clinically and serologically and define its tendency to evolve to full blown SSc.

Methods
Among 535 patients with primary SS we identified 20 ACA positive (ACA+/SS). We compared them to 61 randomly selected ACA negative SS patients (ACA-/SS), 31 ACA positive SSc patients with sicca manifestations [SSc/(+) sicca] and 20 ACA positive SSc patients without sicca manifestations [SSc/(-) sicca].

Results
Prevalence of ACA among SS patients was 3.7%. Cases and controls did not differ in sex ratio and age at disease onset. ACA+/SS patients had a lower prevalence of dry eyes, hypergammaglobulinaemia, anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies and a higher prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon and dysphagia compared to ACA-/SS patients. They also had lower prevalence of telangiectasias, puffy fingers, sclerodactyly, Raynaud's phenomenon, digital ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux in comparison to both of the SSc subgroups and a lower prevalence of dyspnoea and lung fibrosis compared to the SSc/(+) sicca subgroup. Two patients originally having ACA+/SS evolved to full blown SSc. Four deaths occurred, all among SSc patients. Kaplan Meier analysis showed a significant difference between cases and controls in time from disease onset to development of gastroesophageal reflux, telangiectasias, digital ulcers, arthritis, puffy fingers, xerostomia, hypergammaglobulinaemia and dysphagia.

Conclusions
ACA+/SS has a clinical phenotype intermediate between ACA-/SS and SSc and shows little tendency to evolve to SSc.
The Science of Greenhouse Gases: Uncertainties in Sources and Sinks, and Implications for Verification
Authors: Meijer Harro A.J. 
Published: March 2010

Our present knowledge about the carbon cycle, governing the sources and sinks of the most important anthropogenically influenced greenhouse gas CO2 is still far from satisfactory in the quantitative sense. This statement holds on all scales, from global to local. Therefore, long-term atmospheric measurements, on many locations, are absolutely needed, both to improve our quantitative knowledge of the carbon cycle, and to create a firm verification basis for mitigation measures. Yet, it is an illusion to think that source/sink characterisation by these atmospheric measurements will get to the detail that Kyoto Protocol actions can be surveyed and verified on a national level in the coming years (if ever !). Therefore, a combination of validation (on project basis) and verification (on a continental scale) is proposed. Mitigation measures through mere sink enhancement (afforestation) are at best a temporary solution. Therefore, not much (political) effort should be invested into this option.
On the possibility of a philosophical justifi cation for universally binding principles. in an age of one-state supremacy and shrinking interstate institutions
Authors: Skirbekk Gunnar 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
There are in our time ongoing discussions on the question of global justice and inter-cultural dialogues. This question embraces not only questions of distribution and recognition, but also questions of peace and survival. In this paper, focusing on the latter, I shall discuss the question of the possibility of a philosophical justifi cation for universally binding principles for international law and thus for inter-state and intercultural behavior.
“This all but universal illusion …”. Remarks on the question: Why did Mill write On Liberty?
Authors: Haraldsson Róbert H. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Why did Mill write On Liberty? After motivating the need for asking this seemingly unnecessary question, I argue that Mill's main concern was not with defi ning the scope and content of the principle of liberty or with eliciting assent from his contemporaries; but rather with showing what taking such a very simple principle to heart amounts to. The notion of taking a doctrine to heart highlights a common theme behind many of the seemingly unrelated issues of the book. Finally, the paper offers some explanations of our failure to take to heart doctrines which we at one level assent to.
Understanding the Rapid Increase in Life Expectancy in South Korea
Authors: Yang Seungmi , Khang Young-Ho , Harper Sam , Davey Smith George , Leon David A. , Lynch John 
Published: March 2010

Objectives. We assessed life expectancy increases in the past several decades in South Korea by age and specific causes of death.Methods. We applied Arriaga's decomposition method to life table data (1970–2005) and mortality statistics (1983–2005) to estimate age- and cause-specific contributions to changes in life expectancy.Results. Reductions in infant mortality made the largest age-group contribution to the life expectancy increase. Reductions in cardiovascular diseases (particularly stroke and hypertensive diseases) contributed most to longer life expectancy between 1983 and 2005 (30% in males and 28% in females). Lower rates of stomach cancer, liver disease, tuberculosis, and external-cause mortality accounted for 30% of the male and 20% of the female increase in longevity. However, higher mortality from ischemic heart disease, lung and bronchial cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, diabetes, and suicide offset gains by 10% in both genders.Conclusions. Rapid increases in life expectancy in South Korea were mostly achieved by reductions in infant mortality and in diseases related to infections and blood pressure.
The Forgotten Treasure: Bilingualism and Asian Children's Emotional and Behavioral Health
Authors: Han Wen-Jui , Huang Chien-Chung 
Published: March 2010

Objectives. We investigated the relation between the language status of children and their behavioral and emotional well-being during their early school years. Methods. Behavioral and emotional well-being were drawn from teacher-reported data and included externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Three-level growth curve analyses were conducted on a subsample (n = 12 586) of children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, kindergarten cohort, who originated from Asian countries. US-born, non-Hispanic White children served as the comparison group. Results. All children started with a similar level of internalizing and externalizing behaviors at kindergarten entry. The growth rate of problem behaviors was slowest in fluent bilingual and non–English-dominant bilingual children compared with White English-monolingual children. By contrast, problem behaviors increased at a significantly faster rate in non–English-monolingual children, who had the highest level of problem behaviors among all children by fifth grade. Conclusions. By fifth grade, fluent bilingual and non–English-dominant bilingual children had the lowest levels of internalizing and externalizing behaviors, whereas non–English-monolingual children had the highest levels of both behavior problems. Our data suggest emotional and behavioral benefits of being bilingual.
Perception of Barriers to Immunization Among Parents of Hmong Origin in California
Authors: Baker Dian L. , Dang Michelle T. , Ly May Ying , Diaz Rafael 
Published: March 2010

Objectives. We explored factors associated with perception of barriers to immunization among parents of Hmong origin in California, whose children experience persistent immunization inequities even with health insurance. Methods. A partnership of academic researchers and members of the Hmong community conducted a community-based participatory research project. We collected data in naturalistic settings with a standardized instrument. We analyzed responses from 417 parents and caregivers and created a structural equation model to determine factors that contributed to perceived barriers. Results. Of 3 potential contributing factors to perceived barriers—nativity, socioeconomic position, and use of traditional Hmong health care (i.e., consulting shamans and herbalists)—the latter 2 significantly predicted higher perceived barriers to immunization. Nativity, indicated by years in the United States, age of arrival in the United States, and English language fluency, did not predict perceived barriers. Conclusions. Interventions aimed at reducing immunization inequities should consider distinct sociocultural factors that affect immunization rates among different refugee and immigrant groups.
Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival Among Asian Women by Ethnicity and Immigrant Status: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Gomez Scarlett Lin , Clarke Christina A. , Shema Sarah J. , Chang Ellen T. , Keegan Theresa H. M. , Glaser Sally L. 
Published: March 2010

Objectives. We investigated heterogeneity in ethnic composition and immigrant status among US Asians as an explanation for disparities in breast cancer survival. Methods. We enhanced data from the California Cancer Registry and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program through linkage and imputation to examine the effect of immigrant status, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and ethnic enclave on mortality among Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Korean, South Asian, and Vietnamese women diagnosed with breast cancer from 1988 to 2005 and followed through 2007. Results. US-born women had similar mortality rates in all Asian ethnic groups except the Vietnamese, who had lower mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.1, 0.9). Except for Japanese women, all foreign-born women had higher mortality than did US-born Japanese, the reference group. HRs ranged from 1.4 (95% CI = 1.2, 1.7) among Koreans to 1.8 (95% CI = 1.5, 2.2) among South Asians and Vietnamese. Little of this variation was explained by differences in disease characteristics. Conclusions. Survival after breast cancer is poorer among foreign- than US-born Asians. Research on underlying factors is needed, along with increased awareness and targeted cancer control.