bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of low and very low bone mineral density in long‐term childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors: Toward personalized risk prediction
Authors: Nadeau Geneviève , Samoilenko Mariia , Fiscaletti Melissa , Veilleux Louis‐Nicolas , Curnier Daniel , Laverdière Caroline , Sinnett Daniel , Krajinovic Maja , Lefebvre Geneviève , Alos Nathalie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCohorts of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) survivors reaching adulthood are increasing. Approximately 30% of survivors meet criteria for low bone mineral density (BMD) 10 years after diagnosis. We investigated risk factors for low BMD in long‐term cALL survivors.MethodsWe recruited 245 cALL survivors from the PETALE (Prévenir les effets tardifs des traitements de la leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique chez l'enfant) cohort, who were treated with the Dana Farber Cancer Institute protocols, did not experience disease relapse or hematopoietic stem cell transplants, and presented with more than 5 years of event‐free survival. Median time since diagnosis was 15.1 years.ResultsPrevalence of low DXA‐derived BMD (Z‐score ≤−1) ranged between 21.9% and 25.3%, depending on site (lumbar spine (LS‐BMD), femoral neck (FN‐BMD), and total body (TB‐BMD), and between 3.7% and 5.8% for very low BMD (Z‐score ≤−2). Males had a higher prevalence of low BMD than females for all three outcomes (26%–32% vs. 18%–21%), and male sex acted as a significant risk factor for low BMD in all models. Treatment‐related factors such as cumulative glucocorticoid (GC) doses and cranial radiation therapy (CRT) were associated with lower BMDs in the full cohort and in females at the FN‐BMD site.ConclusionLow and very low BMD is more prevalent in male cALL survivors. Male sex, high cumulative GC doses, CRT, risk group, and low body mass index (BMI) were identified as risk factors for low BMD. A longer follow‐up of BMD through time in these survivors is needed to establish if low BMD will translate into a higher risk for fragility fractures through adulthood.
Effects of slit plate design on mechanical properties of castable plastic bonded explosives
Authors: Sevinc Alper , Edis Baris 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe effect of slit plate design on PBXs quality was systematically studied from the point of view voids and powder‐binder separation phenomenon. PBXN‐109 type explosive samples were prepared in accordance with MIL−E‐82886 and cast through slit plates of different geometry and perforation size. The other casting parameters such as casting time, temperature, pressure, valve opening and PBX amount kept constant to prevent uncertainties arising from these parameters. Density measurements, X‐ray inspection and tensile tests were carried out to evaluate the air removal and powder‐binder separation characteristic of slit plates. Density measurements did not provide a clear interpretation of the powder‐binder separation and deaeration abilities of slit plates. X‐ray inspections and tensile tests showed that the dimensions and design of slit plate perforations have impact on voids and powder‐binder separation in PBXs. The slit plate #E showed relatively poor performance in terms of stress property, attributed to the largest cross‐sectional area per perimeter length ratio of perforations, leading to decrease in air removal ability.
Effects of surface moisture flux on the formation and evolution of cold fog over complex terrain with large‐eddy simulation
Authors: Li Xin , Pu Zhaoxia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effect of surface moisture flux on fog formation, as it is an essential factor of water vapor distribution that supports fog formation. A one‐way nested large‐eddy simulation embedded in the mesoscale community Weather Research and Forecasting model is used to examine the effect of surface moisture flux on a cold fog event over the Heber Valley on January 16, 2015. Results indicate that large‐eddy simulation successfully reproduces the fog over the mountainous valley, with turbulent mixing of the fog aloft in the valley downward. However, the simulated fog is too dense and has higher humidity, a larger mean surface moisture flux, more extensive liquid water content, and longer duration relative to the observations. The sensitivity of fog simulations to surface moisture flux is then examined. Results indicate that reduction of surface moisture flux leads to fog with a shorter duration and a lower height extension than the original simulation, as the decrease in surface moisture flux impairs water vapor transport from the surface. Consequently, the lower humidity combined with the cold air helps the model reproduce a realistic thin fog close to the observations. The outcomes of this study illustrate that a minor change in moisture flux can have a significant impact on the formation and evolution of fog events over complex terrain, even during the winter when moisture flux is typically very weak.
Assessing the causality of interferon‐γ and its receptor 1/2 with systemic lupus erythematosus risk using genetic data
Authors: Chang Minjing , Yao Kaixin , Hao Jiawei , Long Yinqi , Qiao Lulin , Zhang Yaru , Ma Kexin , He Peifeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) signaling pathway is activated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to assess the causal association between IFN‐γ, IFN‐γ receptor 1 (IFN‐γR1), and IFN‐γR2 and SLE using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) design.MethodsGenetic instruments for exposure to IFN‐γ, IFN‐γR1, and IFN‐γR2 were derived from a large genome‐wide association study (GWAS) that included a sample size of 3301 participants. Instrumental variables for SLE were selected from another independent GWAS analysis comprising 5201 cases and 6099 controls with European ancestry. Bidirectional two‐sample MR was performed using inverse variance weighting, MR‐Egger regression, and weighted median methods. A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results.ResultsThe inverse variance weighting showed that IFN‐γ had a positive causal association with the risk of SLE (odd ratio [OR] = 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.47, p = 0.018). IFN‐γR2 levels were not associated with SLE risk after adjustment for multiple comparisons (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73–0.99, p = 0.034). No genetic association was also detected between IFN‐γR1 and SLE (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.79–1.19, p = 0.768). Evidence from bidirectional MR did not support reverse causality. The weighted median regression also showed directionally similar estimates.ConclusionHigher levels of IFN‐γ are significantly associated with an increased risk of SLE, providing insights into the pathogenesis of SLE.
Target sign of the lung
Authors: Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Takata Kengo , Kushima Hisako , Ishii Hiroshi 
Published: May 2024

Key messageA target sign of the lung consists of a ring‐like opacity and a central nodular opacity and has been limited to reports associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or organizing pneumonia. This is the first report of a target sign that was potentially associated with drug‐induced lung injury.
Dopant‐induced Morphology of Organic Semiconductors Resulting in High Doping Performance
Authors: Guo Jing , Chen Ping‐An , Yang Shuzhang , Wei Huan , Liu Yu , Xia Jiangnan , Chen Chen , Chen Huajie , Wang Suhao , Li Wenwu , Hu Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDoping plays a crucial role in modulating and enhancing the performance of organic semiconductor (OSC) devices. In this study, the critical role of dopants is underscored in shaping the morphology and structure of OSC films, which in turn profoundly influences their properties. Two dopants, trityl tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) (TrTPFB) and N,N‐dimethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (DMA‐TPFB), are examined for their doping effects on poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and PBBT‐2T host OSCs. It is found that although TrTPFB exhibits higher doping efficiency, OSCs doped with DMA‐TPFB achieve comparable or even enhanced electrical conductivity. Indeed, the electrical conductivity of DMA‐TPFB‐doped P3HT reaches over 67 S cm−1, which is a record‐high value for mixed‐solution‐doped P3HT. This can be attributed to DMA‐TPFB inducing a higher degree of crystallinity and reduced structural disorder. Moreover, the beneficial impact of DMA‐TPFB on the OSC films' morphology and structure results in superior thermoelectric performance in the doped OSCs. These findings highlight the significance of dopant‐induced morphological and structural considerations in enhancing the film characteristics of OSCs, opening up a new avenue for optimization of dopant performance.
Experimental and analytical study on enhancing flexural strength of RC beams using post‐ tensioned heavy‐duty metal straps wrapped around anchored steel plates
Authors: Abdullah Wrya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the challenge of enhancing the bending capacity of beams through a cost‐effective and practical approach. Current methods are often expensive, brittle, time‐intensive, or massive. In response, an alternative method is proposed that involves the utilization of post‐tensioned heavy‐duty metal straps wrapped around steel plates anchored to the beams. To evaluate the effectiveness of the method, six large‐scale normal reinforced concrete beams were constructed with a width of 160 mm and a depth of 240 mm, and a clear span of 1900 mm. The testing parameters were the position of the steel plates along the length of the beam and the position of the metal straps along the height of the steel plates. Quantitative results demonstrate a significant enhancement in the load‐carrying capacity of the beams. Compared to the control specimen, the method led to a minimum increase of 40% of load carrying capacity and a maximum increase of 66%. Key influencing factors include the location of the metal straps on the steel plates (120 or 90 mm away from the bottom of the beam) and the position of the steel plates on the face of the beam (650 mm or 350 away from the edge of the beam). Notably, the load‐carrying capacity increases when the metal straps are positioned lower on the steel plates and the plates are placed further away from the center of the beam. Finally, analytical results obtained using VecTor2 software align well with experimental findings.
Autonomous Development of Compositional Diversity in Self‐Spreading Flat Protocells
Authors: Gözen İrep , Mann Stephen , Jesorka Aldo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn experimental pathway to the spontaneous generation of compositionally diverse synthetic protocells is presented. The pathway is initiated by flat giant unilamellar vesicles (FGUVs) that originate from compositionally different multilamellar lipid reservoirs and undergo spontaneous spreading across solid surfaces. On contact, the spreading FGUVs merge to produce a concentration gradient in membrane lipids across the fusion interface. Subsequent reconstruction through a series of shape transformations produces a network of nanotube‐connected lipid vesicles that inherit different ratios of the membrane constituents derived from the bilayers of the parent FGUVs. The fusion process leads to the engulfment of small FGUVs by larger FGUVs, mimicking predator‐prey behavior in which the observable characteristics of the prey are lost but the constituents are carried by the predator FGUV to the next generation of lipid vesicles. We speculate that our results could provide a feasible pathway to autonomous protocell diversification in origin of life theories and highlight the possible role of solid surfaces in the development of diversity and rudimentary speciation of natural protocells on the early Earth.
Finite element analysis of precast concrete beam‐column joint based on bolt connection
Authors: Xu Jingbin , Li Hao , Zhang Yu 
Published: May 2024

SummaryA novel proposal for an assembled bolted joint between a precast reinforced concrete beam and column is presented in this paper. In order to evaluate the behavior of the joint, a comprehensive experiment was carried out on a full‐scale precast concrete beam‐column joint based on bolted connection subjected to pseudo‐static loading. The experiment aims to investigate the failure mode, load carrying capacity, and energy dissipation characteristics of the joint. To further understand the performance of the joint, a finite element model was developed using ABAQUS. The difference in failure mode and ultimate bearing capacity between the bolted joints and cast‐in‐situ joints were analyzed in conjunction with the experimental results. Moreover, the impact of various parameters on the performance of the bolted joints was quantified. The characteristics of the bolted joints, such as the span‐depth ratio, reinforcement ratio of the beam, the stirrup ratio at the beam‐column junction, T‐end length, and the bolt strength grade, were meticulously analyzed through an examination of bearing capacity curve, stiffness degradation patterns, and energy dissipation capability. The results show that, in comparison with the traditional cast‐in‐situ joints, the damage failure extent exhibited by the bolted joints is notably smaller, thereby rendering it more advantageous for seismic restoration and replacement. Furthermore, the span‐depth ratio, reinforcement ratio of the beam, and the stirrup ratio have a greater influence on the seismic performance of bolted joints than the T‐end length and bolt strength grade.
Phylogeny and reclassification of Lampranthus (Ruschieae, Aizoaceae) in southern Africa
Authors: Klak Cornelia , Hanáček Pavel , Bruyns Peter V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLampranthus consists of 85 species of succulent perennials which are all endemic to southern Africa. Most of its species are restricted to fynbos and regenerate in large numbers after fires. We use nine chloroplast markers to generate a phylogeny with a dense sampling of Lampranthus and some taxa which may be closely related to it. While we found that most of the species belong to one strongly supported “core” clade, we also found three minor clades of Lampranthus that fall outside this core. For Lampranthus we set up a new classification of three subgenera. The clades forming L. subg. Adunci (3 spp.) and subg. Calcarati (1 sp.) are unresolved within the Ruschieae and we treat them as subgenera until their relationships are clarified. Three sections are proposed for L. subg. Lampranthus and we also suggest new synonymy for several species in L. sect. Lampranthus (65 spp.) and sect. Blandi (15 spp.). Roosia and the type species for Esterhuysenia are nested in L. sect. Blandi and so these genera are subsumed under Lampranthus. Esterhuysenia stokoei forms part of Lampranthus and is the sole member of a new section within L. subg. Lampranthus. The two larger sections of L. subg. Lampranthus show different evolutionary trends and distributions: Lampranthus sect. Lampranthus contains more species, they are mostly in the winter rainfall region of the Western Cape and they have a greater range of floral shapes and colours. Lampranthus sect. Blandi contains a single species in the Kamiesberg, in the Northern Cape, while most of its species occur along the southern coast of southern Africa eastwards to southern Natal. These species are florally less diverse. Two species of Lampranthus are moved to a new genus, Malephoropsis gen. nov. These are unrelated to the rest of Lampranthus and they fall among species of Malephora, Disphyma and Gibbaeum with which they share softly corky branches, mesomorphic leaves and only slightly woody fruits with false septa. Several species, which were at one stage included in Lampranthus, are re‐instated in Ruschia; for four others, previously transferred out of Lampranthus to Esterhuysenia or Oscularia, but which cannot be accommodated into any of the existing genera, we propose a new genus, Sederbergia gen. nov. Lastly, we consider three monotypic genera which were sequenced here for the first time: Circandra is re‐instated in Erepsia; Malotigena is transferred to Delosperma subg. Proterogyna; the relationships of Daggodora remain unresolved.
The history of UK weather forecasting: the changing role of the central guidance forecaster. Part 9: How has the role of the guidance forecaster changed? An overview and a look ahead
Authors: Young Martin V. , Grahame Nick S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the final paper in this series, we review how remarkable advances in weather forecasting over successive decades have changed the role of the UK guidance forecaster. We then look at what might happen to this role in the future by examining how the continued growth of artificial intelligence might impact upon weather forecasting and whether forecasts will continue to improve. By contrast we also consider aspects such as risks to the observing network, which could potentially have an adverse effect. We also ask “will the weather forecaster still have a role in the future?”
Effect of drug therapies on self‐reported chemosensory outcomes after COVID‐19
Authors: Fornazieri Marco A. , Cunha Bruno M. , Nicácio Samuel P. , Anzolin Lucas K. , da Silva José L. B. , Neto Aristides Fernandes , Neto Deusdedit Brandão , Voegels Richard L. , Pinna Fábio D. R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the relative efficacy of medications used following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection on self‐reported alterations in taste and/or smell function.MethodsSeven hundred and fourteen persons with self‐reported postcoronavirus disease 2019 (post‐COVID‐19) chemosensory disorders were personally interviewed regarding specific medications they were administered following the acute phase of the disease. The dependent measure—self‐reported total recovery of chemosensory symptoms—was subjected to stepwise logistic regression. Independent predictors included demographic and clinical variables, in addition to specific medications used to mitigate disease symptoms (i.e., systemic corticosteroids, oseltamivir, vitamin C, ibuprofen, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ivermectin, nitazoxanide, anticoagulants, and zinc).ResultsThe median time between COVID‐19 symptom onset and the interviews was 81 days (interquartile range: 60–104). Of the 714 subjects, 249 (34.9%) reported total recovery of their chemosensory function; 437 (61.2%) had at least one treatment since the beginning of the disease. Women and those with more comorbidities had undergone more treatments. The recovery rates of the treated and nontreated groups did not differ significantly. Nonetheless, respondents who had used nitazoxanide tended to have a higher rate of self‐reported taste or smell recovery. Those who took oral zinc were less likely to improve.ConclusionsNo medication employed during the first months after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection had a clear positive effect on returning self‐reported smell or taste function to normal, although nitrazoxide trended in a positive direction. Oral zinc had a negative effect on the reported recovery of these senses.
Challenges, Possibilities, and Tensions When Investigating Child Sexual Abuse Against Preschoolers
Authors: Magnusson Mikaela , Ernberg Emelie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInvestigating and adjudicating sexual abuse against young children is a difficult task for the criminal justice system. The current chapter focuses on challenges, potential possibilities, and tensions at Swedish Barnahus when investigating sexual abuse against preschoolers. By studying legal cases and inquiring Swedish prosecutors and specialist police interviewers, we have identified several challenges that complicate these investigations, such as limited access to corroborative evidence, difficulty conducting child investigative interviews, and challenges in assessing preschoolers’ testimony. Improved interagency collaboration and access to specialised expertise at Barnahus could potentially help alleviate some of these challenges. While the Barnahus model provides promising solutions to help address these challenges when investigating sexual abuse against preschoolers, different tensions currently complicate the realisation of these objectives within the Swedish Barnahus context.
Papering over the Cracks or Rebuilding the System: Opportunities and Challenges for the Barnahus Model in the United Kingdom
Authors: Devaney John , Mitchell Mary , Alaggia Ramona , Gray Chris 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPart of the complexity of responding to child maltreatment lies within the intersection of the child welfare and criminal justice systems. Drawing upon learning from two separate research studies in the United Kingdom, we identify several key considerations for the introduction of the Barnahus model into a new context. We argue that the Barnahus model may positively disrupt how we conceive of the role and interaction of the child welfare and criminal justice systems. Such a disruption will involve moving away from a discourse that prioritises criminal justice processes and outcomes and the rights of people who have been accused of causing harm to children over those focused on upholding children’s rights, promoting child safety, and supporting children in recovering from their maltreatment.
The Earliest Dated Pictures in the Dispersal of Psychologically Modern Humans: A Middle Paleolithic Painted Rock Shelter (C. 45KA) at Wadi Defeit, Egypt
Authors: Davis Whitney 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe paper reports the discovery in 2018 of a Middle Paleolithic painted rock shelter (dubbed “The Hunter’s Shelter”) in the remote upper reaches of the Wadi Defeit in far southeastern Egypt (just north of the climatologically significant latitude 22° N) by a team from the University of California at Berkeley. The paintings depict two elephants being attacked by encircling human beings wielding spears, in dangerous procedures documented by ethnohistorical accounts of indigenous elephant hunts in central Africa. One of the elephants is partly superimposed on a running or leaping lion (not in scale with the figures of humans and elephants), which might have been made in an earlier episode of painting. The paintings can be dated in three ways: acacia gum inserted into gouges in one elephant’s belly yielded calibrated radiocarbon dates of c. 45 ka; the lion was partly covered by an oxolate crust dated by Uranium-Thorium decay to 60–45 ka; and windswept sand that partly covered the paintings yielded OSL dates of 45–40 ka. At present, the shelter is the earliest known dated painting site in the global prehistoric record. In addition to reporting the motivations and parameters of the project and its preliminary results, the paper discusses the “naturalistic” and “realistic” elements of the configurations and evaluates the regional MP cultural affiliations of the site and the people who likely made the paintings. It explores the idea, given the shelter’s location, that the makers were a Middle Paleolithic population of anatomically and “psychologically” modern humans who moved out of central East Africa through the mountains and wadi systems of the western Red Sea coast in a wave of dispersal dated to c. 75–45 ka; ultimately some of them left the continent altogether by way of land and/or sea travel to the Levant and/or Arabia at the tip(s) of the Red Sea, eventually populating much of the world with modern humans. The second half of the paper considers methodological and theoretical issues raised by the empirical findings of the project, speculating that picture making played a role in effecting the global dispersal of psychologically modern humans, presumably by helping them to remember and communicate lifeways and to understand and adapt to new environments and ecologies as they moved into them, though these possibilities remain to be investigated in detail on a global scale.