bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grand Multiparity Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes in Filipino American Women, Independent of Visceral Fat and Adiponectin
Authors: Araneta Maria Rosario G. , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether multiparity is associated with type 2 diabetes, independent of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and adipokines.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants were from the University of California San Diego Filipino Women's Health Study with at least one live birth. A 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was administered; adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, reproductive history, family history of diabetes, VAT, and lifestyle behaviors were measured between 1995 and 2002.

RESULTS
Among 152 women, mean age was 59.5 years (range 48–73 years) and mean parity was 4.3 (range 1–12 births). Type 2 diabetes prevalence increased by parity group (low parity, 1–2 births, 25%; medium parity, 3–5 births, 30.3%; and grand multiparity: 6–12 births, 50%; P = 0.048). Family history of diabetes, exercise, insulin resistance, and leptin and ghrelin levels did not differ by parity group. Compared with women in the low parity group, women with ≥6 births were significantly older (62 vs. 57 years), had lower college completion (22 vs. 58%, P = 0.006), more hypertension (72 vs. 55%), higher VAT (74.9 vs. 58.4 cm3), and lower adiponectin concentration (5.79 vs. 7.61 μg/ml). In multivariate analysis adjusting for adiponectin, VAT, family history of diabetes, age, education, hypertension, and estrogen use, grand multiparous women had a threefold higher odds of type 2 diabetes (adjusted odds ratio 3.40 [95% CI 1.13–10.2]) compared with low parity women. No differences were observed in the odds of diabetes between women in the medium (1.10 [0.41–2.91]) and low parity groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Having ≥6 children was associated with type 2 diabetes, independent of adiponectin, VAT, family history, and other measured diabetes risk factors.
Significance of Clinical Evaluation of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint in Relation to Synovial/Bone Pathology in Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis Detected by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: STONE MILLICENT A. , WHITE LAWRENCE M. , GLADMAN DAFNA D. , INMAN ROBERT D. , CHAYA SAM , LAX MATTHEW , SALONEN DAVID , WEBER DEBORAH A. , GUTHRIE JUDY A. , POMEROY EMMA , PODBIELSKI DOMINIK , KEYSTONE EDWARD C. 
Published: November 2009

Objective.Rheumatologists base many clinical decisions regarding the management of inflammatory joint diseases on joint counts performed at clinic. We investigated the reliability and accuracy of physically examining the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints to detect inflammatory synovitis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the gold standard.Methods.MCP joints 2 to 5 in both hands of 5 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 5 with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) were assessed by 5 independent examiners for joint-line swelling (visually and by palpation); joint-line tenderness by palpation (tender joint count, TJC) and stress pain; and by MRI (1.5 Tesla superconducting magnet). Interrater reliability was assessed using kappa statistics, and agreement between examination and corresponding MRI assessment was assessed by Fisher’s exact tests (p < 0.05 considered statistically significant).Results.Interrater agreement was highest for visual assessment of swelling (κ = 0.55–0.63), slight-fair for assessment of swelling by palpation (κ = 0.19–0.41), and moderate (κ = 0.41–0.58) for assessment of joint tenderness. In patients with RA, TJC, stress pain, and visual swelling assessment were strongly associated with MRI evaluation of synovitis. Visual swelling assessment demonstrated high specificity (> 0.8) and positive predictive value (= 0.8). For PsA, significant associations exist between TJC and MRI synovitis scores (p < 0.01) and stress pain and MRI edema scores (p < 0.04). Assessment of swelling by palpation was not significantly associated with synovitis or edema as determined by MRI in RA or PsA (p = 0.54–1.0).Conclusion.In inflammatory arthritis, disease activity in MCP joints can be reliably assessed at the bedside by examining for joint-line tenderness (TJC) and visual inspection for swelling. Clinical assessment may have to be complemented by other methods for evaluating disease activity in the joint, such as MRI, particularly in patients with PsA.
Increased Levels of Interleukin 33 in Sera and Synovial Fluid from Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: MATSUYAMA YASUSHI , OKAZAKI HITOAKI , TAMEMOTO HIROYUKI , KIMURA HIROTAKA , KAMATA YASUYUKI , NAGATANI KATSUYA , NAGASHIMA TAKAO , HAYAKAWA MORISADA , IWAMOTO MASAHIRO , YOSHIO TAKU , TOMINAGA SHIN-ICHI , MINOTA SEIJI 
Published: November 2009

Objective.To determine levels of interleukin 33 (IL-33) in serum and synovial fluid (SF) and their clinical associations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To evaluate the ability of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from RA patients to release IL-33.Methods.Sera were obtained from 59 patients with RA, 10 patients with infectious diseases, and 42 healthy volunteers. SF samples were obtained from 15 patients with RA and 13 with osteoarthritis. IL-33 levels were measured using a sandwich ELISA after removal of rheumatoid factor with protein A-Sepharose beads. FLS were stimulated with IL-1ß and tumor necrosis factor, and treated with or without chemical damage. PBMC were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. The levels of IL-33 were measured in the culture supernatants and cell lysates by ELISA or immunoblotting.Results.Serum IL-33 levels were significantly higher in RA patients, especially in the high disease activity group compared to the moderate or low activity group. IL-33 levels in SF were elevated in all 15 RA patients measured. IL-33 levels were higher in SF samples than in sera in 7 RA patients measured simultaneously. The 30-kDa IL-33 precursor was detected in the culture supernatants of damaged FLS but was not detected in those of activated PBMC and non-damaged FLS.Conclusion.IL-33 levels were elevated in sera and SF samples from patients with RA, and correlated with disease activity. IL-33 was produced mainly in inflamed joints; IL-33/ST2L signaling might play an important role in joint inflammation of human RA.
Lack of Association Between TRAF1/C5 Gene Polymorphisms and Biopsy-proven Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: TORRES ORLANDO , PALOMINO-MORALES ROGELIO , VAZQUEZ-RODRIGUEZ TOMAS R. , CASTAÑEDA SANTOS , MORADO INMACULADA C. , MIRANDA-FILLOY JOSE A. , ORTEGO-CENTENO NORBERTO , GONZALEZ-ALVARO ISIDORO , FERNANDEZ-GUTIERREZ BENJAMIN , MARTIN JAVIER , GONZALEZ-GAY MIGUEL A. 
Published: November 2009

Objective.A novel association with a 100-kb region on chromosome 9 that contains the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) andC5genes has been observed in some autoimmune rheumatic diseases, in particular in rheumatoid arthritis. We analyzed the influence of 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from theTRAF1/C5region in susceptibility to giant cell arteritis (GCA).Methods.We assessed 220 patients with biopsy-proven GCA and 410 matched controls. DNA from patients and controls was obtained from peripheral blood. Samples were genotyped for the rs10818488 and rs2900180TRAF1/C5gene polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction, using a predesigned TaqMan allele discrimination assay.Results.A genotyping rate of 95% was achieved in this series of GCA. No significant differences in the genotype distribution between GCA patients and controls were found for the 2 SNP. GCA patients exhibited a reduced frequency ofTRAF1/C5AA homozygosity (7.6%) compared to controls (12.7%) but the difference was only marginally significant (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.30–1.11, p = 0.07). The frequency of minor allele T ofTRAF1/C5rs2900180 was also slightly reduced in patients (24.3%) compared to controls (27.8%) (p = 0.19). No significant differences were observed when patients were stratified according to the presence of specific clinical disease features.Conclusion.Our results showed no influence of rs10818488 and rs2900180TRAF1/C5gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to and clinical expression of GCA.
Lack of Association Between IRF5 Gene Polymorphisms and Biopsy-proven Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: TORRES ORLANDO , PALOMINO-MORALES ROGELIO , VAZQUEZ-RODRIGUEZ TOMAS R. , CASTAÑEDA SANTOS , MORADO INMACULADA C. , MIRANDA-FILLOY JOSE A. , VALERO FERNANDO , CALLEJAS-RUBIO JOSE L. , FERNANDEZ-GUTIERREZ BENJAMIN , MARTIN JAVIER , GONZALEZ-GAY MIGUEL A. 
Published: November 2009

Objective.Interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF) are transcriptional mediators of IFN-induced signaling pathways and are involved in immune response. We have analyzed for the first time the association of 2 IRF5 gene variants in the susceptibility to giant cell arteritis (GCA).Methods.Two hundred twenty patients with biopsy-proven GCA and 520 matched controls were assessed. DNA from patients and controls was obtained from peripheral blood. Samples were genotyped for the IRF5 rs2004640 and for the IRF5 CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism using a predesigned TaqMan allele discrimination assay and by polymerase chain reaction amplification, followed by an ABI3100 sequencer, respectively.Results.A genotyping rate of 96% was achieved in this series of GCA patients. No significant differences were found in the genotype distribution between GCA patients and controls for both IRF5 gene variants. In this regard, similar genotype frequencies were found in GCA patients and controls. No significant differences were observed when GCA patients were stratified according to the presence of specific clinical features of the disease such as polymyalgia rheumatica or severe ischemic complications.Conclusion.Our results showed no association of IRF5 rs2004640 and CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the susceptibility to and clinical expression of GCA.
Immunomodulation of Nasal Epithelial Cells by Staphylococcus aureus-Derived Serine Proteases
Authors: Rudack Claudia , Sachse Florian , Albert Nils , Becker Karsten , von Eiff Christof 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The impact of Staphylococcus aureus in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated primary human nasal epithelial cell cultures for their ability to produce IL-8, growth-related oncogene-α, and IL-6 via stimulation with trypsin and culture supernatants of different S. aureus strains and phenotypes. Inhibition of cytokine synthesis was performed using a glucocorticoid, a serine protease inhibitor, and a cysteine protease inhibitor. Finally, signal transduction pathways were analyzed by quantifying phosphorylated forms of MAPKs (PI3K, ERK, and p38) and DNA-binding assays that quantified NF-κB and its inhibition using BAY11-7085. In vitro studies showed that the induction of IL-8, growth-related oncogene-α, and IL-6 by S. aureus culture supernatants was significantly inhibited by the serine protease inhibitor. In contrast, steroids and the cysteine protease inhibitor had little effect. Activation of NF-κB was observed after cell treatment with trypsin and bacterial supernatants, and was inhibited by BAY11-7085 and the serine protease inhibitor. S. aureus serine proteases were identified to modulate chemokine synthesis and activate NF-κB in nasal epithelial cells, and may therefore be relevant for the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis.
CCR5 Ligands Modulate CXCL12-Induced Chemotaxis, Adhesion, and Akt Phosphorylation of Human Cord Blood CD34+ Cells
Authors: Basu Sunanda , Broxmeyer Hal E. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 play an important role in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) migration from and retention within the bone marrow. HSPCs are very selective in their chemotactic response and undergo chemotaxis only in response to CXCL12. In addition to CXCR4, HSPCs express receptors for various other chemokines; however, the role of these receptors is not well understood. Freshly isolated CD34+ cells (highly enriched for HSPCs) from cord blood (CB) express low levels of CCR5; however, if the cells were washed with acidic buffer before Ab staining to remove any ligand bound to CCR5, then nearly 80% of CD34+ CB cells were found to express CCR5 on the cell surface. Although none of the CCR5 ligands investigated in this study (CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5) induced chemotaxis, at relatively high concentrations they transiently enhanced CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis of CD34+ CB cells. In contrast, CXCL12-mediated adhesion of cells to VCAM-1-coated surfaces was reduced if CD34+ CB cells were pretreated with these CCR5 ligands for 15 min. The effect of these chemokines on CXCL12-mediated responses was not at the level of CXCR4 expression, but on downstream signaling pathways elicited by CXCL12. Pretreatment with CCR5 chemokines enhanced CXCL12-mediated Akt phosphorylation, but down-modulated calcium flux in CD34+ CB cells. Modulation of CXCL12-mediated responses of CD34+ cells by CCR5 chemokines provides a possible mechanism that underlies movement of HSPCs during inflammation.
Lipopolysaccharide Sensitizes Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in a MyD88-Dependent Manner
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Stridh Linnea , Li Wenli , Dean Justin , Elmgren Anders , Gan Liming , Eriksson Kristina , Hagberg Henrik , Mallard Carina 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Neurological deficits in children, including cerebral palsy, are associated with prior infection during the perinatal period. Experimentally, we have shown that pre-exposure to the Gram-negative component LPS potentiates hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in newborn animals. LPS effects are mediated by binding to TLR4, which requires recruitment of the MyD88 adaptor protein or Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β for signal transduction. In this study, we investigated the role of MyD88 in neonatal brain injury. MyD88 knockout (MyD88 KO) and wild-type mice were subjected to left carotid artery ligation and 10% O2 for 50 min on postnatal day 9. LPS or saline were administered i.p. at 14 h before HI. At 5 days after HI in wild-type mice, LPS in combination with HI caused a significant increase in gray and white matter tissue loss compared with the saline-HI group. By contrast, in the MyD88 KO mice there was no potentiation of brain injury with LPS-HI. MyD88 KO mice exhibited reduced NFκB activation and proinflammatory cytokine-chemokine expression in response to LPS. The number of microglia and caspase-3 activation was increased in the brain of MyD88 KO mice after LPS exposure. Collectively, these findings indicate that MyD88 plays an essential role in LPS-sensitized HI neonatal brain injury, which involves both inflammatory and caspase-dependent pathways.
Robust adaptive sliding mode control for uncertain delta operator systems
Authors: Yang Hongjiu , Xia Yuanqing , Fu Mengyin , Shi Peng 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a robust adaptive sliding mode controller is presented for delta operator systems with mismatched uncertainties and exogenous disturbances. The parameters of the delta operator system are taken for norm‐bounded uncertainties. The exogenous disturbance is also assumed to be bounded. After the statement of a sufficient condition for the existence of linear sliding surface based on linear matrix inequality technique, a robust reaching motion control method for delta operator systems is presented. Afterwards, an adaptive sliding mode controller for delta operator systems is designed. A bridge between the robust adaptive sliding mode control and the delta operator system framework is made. Numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed techniques. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal and Structural Characterizations of Individual Single‐, Double‐, and Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Pettes Michael T. , Shi Li 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThermal conductance measurements of individual single‐ (S), double‐ (D), and multi‐ (M) walled (W) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown using thermal chemical vapor deposition between two suspended microthermometers are reported. The crystal structure of the measured CNT samples is characterized in detail using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal conductance, diameter, and chirality are all determined on the same individual SWCNT. The thermal contact resistance per unit length is obtained as 78–585 m K W−1 for three as‐grown 10–14 nm diameter MWCNTs on rough Pt electrodes, and decreases by more than 2 times after the deposition of amorphous platinum–carbon composites at the contacts. The obtained intrinsic thermal conductivity of approximately 42–48, 178–336, and 269–343 W m−1 K−1 at room‐temperature for the three MWCNT samples correlates well with TEM‐observed defects spaced approximately 13, 20, and 29 nm apart, respectively; whereas the effective thermal conductivity is found to be limited by the thermal contact resistance to be about 600 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature for the as‐grown DWCNT and SWCNT samples without the contact deposition.
Catalyst‐Free Synthesis and Characterization of Metastable Boron Carbide Nanowires
Authors: Velamakanni Aruna , Ganesh K. J. , Zhu Yanwu , Ferreira Paulo J. , Ruoff Rodney S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCatalyst‐free growth of boron carbide nanowires is achieved by pyrolysis of diborane and methane at 650–750 °C and around 500 mTorr in a quartz tube furnace. Electron‐diffraction analysis using a novel diffraction‐scanning transmission electron microscopy (D‐STEM) technique indicates that the crystalline nanowires are single‐crystal orthorhombic boron carbide. TEM images show that the nanowires are covered by a 1–3 nm thick amorphous layer of carbon. Elemental analysis by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) shows only boron and carbon while energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show the presence of oxygen as well as boron and carbon.
Nanoshells with Targeted Simultaneous Enhancement of Magnetic and Optical Imaging and Photothermal Therapeutic Response
Authors: Bardhan Rizia , Chen Wenxue , Perez‐Torres Carlos , Bartels Marc , Huschka Ryan M. , Zhao Liang L. , Morosan Emilia , Pautler Robia G. , Joshi Amit , Halas Naomi J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIntegrating multiple functionalities into individual nanoscale complexes is of tremendous importance in biomedicine, expanding the capabilities of nanoscale structures to perform multiple parallel tasks. Here, the ability to enhance two different imaging technologies simultaneously—fluorescence optical imaging and magnetic resonance imaging—with antibody targeting and photothermal therapeutic actuation is combined all within the same nanoshell‐based complex. The nanocomplexes are constructed by coating a gold nanoshell with a silica epilayer doped with Fe3O4 and the fluorophore ICG, which results in a high T2 relaxivity (390 mM−1 s−1) and 45× fluorescence enhancement of ICG. Bioconjugate nanocomplexes target HER2+ cells and induce photothermal cell death upon near‐IR illumination.
Conformal Nano‐Sized Inorganic Coatings on Mesoporous TiO2 Films for Low‐Temperature Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Fabrication
Authors: Grinis Larissa , Kotlyar Sveta , Rühle Sven , Grinblat Judith , Zaban Arie 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHere, a new method based on sol–gel electrophoretic deposition to produce uniform high‐quality inorganic conformal coatings on mesoporous nano‐particulate films is presented. This novel sol preparation method allows for very fine control of the coating properties, thus inducing new adjustable functionalities to these electrodes. It is shown that the deposition of an amorphous TiO2 and/or MgO shell onto photoanodes used in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) improves their light‐to‐electric‐power conversion efficiency without the need for sintering. It is proposed that the amorphous TiO2 coating improves the electronic inter‐particle connection and passivates the surface states. The insulating MgO coating further reduces the electron transfer from the conduction band into the electrolyte while the electron injection from the excited dye state remains unperturbed for thin coatings. Using a low‐temperature method for DSSC production on plastic substrates, a maximum efficiency of 6.2% applying pressure together with an optimized TiO2 coating is achieved. For systems that cannot be pressed a conversion efficiency of 5.1% is achieved using a double shell TiO2/MgO coating.
Safety knowledge, safety behaviors, depression, and injuries in Colorado farm residents
Authors: Beseler Cheryl L. , Stallones Lorann 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundChanging safety behavior has been the target of injury prevention in the farming community for years but significant reductions in the number of farming injuries have not always followed. This study describes the relationships between safety knowledge, safety behavior, depression, and injuries using 3 years of self‐reported data from a cohort of farm residents in Colorado.MethodsFarm operators and their spouses (n = 652) were recruited in 1993 from a farm truck registration list using stratified probability sampling. Respondents answered ten safety knowledge and ten safety behavior questions. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) scale was used to evaluate depression. The most severe farm work‐related injury over a 3‐year period was the outcome variable. Factor analysis was used to produce a single measure of safety knowledge for logistic regression models to evaluate the relationships between injuries, safety knowledge, and behaviors.ResultsSafety knowledge was significantly associated with wearing personal protective equipment. None of the safety behaviors were significantly associated with injuries. In the presence of depression, low safety knowledge increased the probability of injury (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.00–15.0) in models adjusted for age, sex, hours worked per week, and financial problems. Compared to those not depressed, those depressed with a low safety score showed significantly greater risk of injury than those depressed with a high score in adjusted models (OR 3.09, CI 1.31–7.29 vs. OR 0.86, CI 0.31–2.37).ConclusionsFuture work on injuries in the farming community should include measures of mood disorders and interactions with safety perceptions and knowledge. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:47–54, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The genetic structure of populations from Haiti and Jamaica reflect divergent demographic histories
Authors: Simms Tanya M. , Rodriguez Carol E. , Rodriguez Rosa , Herrera Rene J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe West Indies represent an amalgamation of African, European and in some cases, East Asian sources, but the contributions from each ethnic group remain relatively unexplored from a genetic perspective. In the present study, we report, for the first time, allelic frequency data across the complete set of 15 autosomal STR loci for general collections from Haiti and Jamaica, which were subsequently used to examine the genetic diversity present in each island population. Our results indicate that although both Haiti and Jamaica display genetic affinities with the continental African collections, a stronger African signal is detected in Haiti than in Jamaica. Although only minimal contributions from non‐African sources were observed in Haiti, Jamaica displays genetic input from both European and East Asian sources, an admixture profile similar to other New World collections of African descent analyzed in this report. The divergent genetic signatures present in these populations allude to the different migratory events of Africans, Europeans, and East Asians into the New World. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.