bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Activity of Dispiro Peroxides Against Fasciola hepatica.
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Zhao Qingjie , Vargas Mireille , Dong Yuxiang , Sriraghavan Kamaraj , Keiser Jennifer , Vennerstrom Jonathan L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDispiro peroxides (III),(VI),(VIII), and (X) are prepared either by coozonolysis of oxime ether (I) and ketoester (II), or by acid‐catalyzed condensation of β‐hydroperoxy alcohols (V) with adamantanone (IV) or cyclohexanone (IX), or by Re2O7‐catalyzed condensation of dihydroperoxide esters (VII) with adamantanone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Hydroxyphosphonates by Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative Addition of Phosphonyl Radicals to Alkenes.
Authors: Taniguchi Tsuyoshi , Idota Atsushi , Yokoyama Shin'ichi , Ishibashi Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA novel method is developed which involves addition of phosphonyl radicals and oxygenation.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N‐Dimethyl‐S‐difluoromethyl‐S‐phenylsulfoximinium Tetrafluoroborate: A Versatile Electrophilic Difluoromethylating Reagent.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Zhang Zhe , Wang Fang , Ni Chuanfa , Olah George A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe new reagent shows good reactivity toward different types of phosphorus‐, nitrogen‐, oxygen and sulfur‐nucleophiles to give the corresponding difluoromethylated products under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 4‐Deoxy‐4‐fluoro‐α‐D‐talopyranoside, 4‐Deoxy‐4‐fluoro‐α‐D‐idopyranoside and 2,4‐Dideoxy‐2,4‐difluoro‐α‐D‐talopyranoside.
Authors: Giuffredi Guy T. , Jennings Laura E. , Bernet Bruno , Gouverneur Veronique 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe title compounds (II), (VII) and (X) are prepared from inexpensive commercially available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Veramadines A and B, New Steroidal Alkaloids from Veratrum maackii var. japonicum.
Authors: Tanaka Naonobu , Suto Shohei , Kobayashi Jun'ichi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractVeramadine A (I) and B (II) do not show in vitro cytotoxicity against L1210 murine leukemia and KB human epidermal carcinoma cells.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure and ‐Temperature Ion Exchange of Aluminosilicate and Gallosilicate Natrolite.
Authors: Hill Gemma L. , Bailey Edward , Stennett Martin C. , Hyatt Neil C. , Maddrell Ewan M. , McMillan Paul F. , Hriljac Joseph A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractApplication of pressure (1 GPa, 150 °C) enables the direct ion exchange of Cs+ for Na+ in both the alumino‐ and gallosilicate forms of natrolite, which does not occur at ambient pressure.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Lu AA33810: A Highly and Potent NPY5 Antagonist with in vivo Efficacy in a Model of Mood Disorder.
Authors: Packiarajan Mathivanan , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTemplate hopping and optimization of neuropeptide Y5 leads results in the discovery of Lu AA33810 (I), which demonstrates a good pharmacokinetic profile with acceptable CNS exposure.
ChemInform Abstract: Poly(alkylidenamines) Dendrimers as Scaffolds for the Preparation of Low‐Generation Ruthenium Based Metallodendrimers
Authors: Rodrigues Joao , Jardim Manuel G. , Figueira Joao , Gouveia Marisol , Tomas Helena , Rissanen Kari 
Published: December 2011

AbstractReview: about 50 refs.
Suppression assays with human T regulatory cells: A technical guide
Authors: McMurchy Alicia N. , Levings Megan K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe suppression of inappropriate immune responses by Treg cells is one of the major ways that the body maintains immune tolerance and homeostasis. Since defects in the suppressive capacity of Treg cells underlie many different immune‐mediated diseases, there is great interest in developing ways to track the number and function of Treg cells as biomarkers of tolerance and in devising ways to enhance their function therapeutically. However, the methods of studying human Treg cells are fraught with technical challenges that can often lead to misinterpretation. The most common way to determine the suppressive capacity of human Treg cells is to measure their ability to suppress the proliferation of responding CD4+ T cells. Here, we discuss the technical considerations that must be taken into account when performing suppression of T‐cell proliferation assays with human Treg cells. We also consider how T cells may falsely appear suppressive because of dying cells in the system, improper resting of T‐cell lines prior to the assay, or insufficient proliferation of the responding T cells. We propose that, in the future, classification of a population of cells as “regulatory” should rely on more than a simple test for blockade of CD4+ T‐cell proliferation.
Vegetation index‐based crop coefficients to estimate evapotranspiration by remote sensing in agricultural and natural ecosystems
Authors: Glenn Edward P. , Neale Christopher M. U. , Hunsaker Doug J. , Nagler Pamela L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCrop coefficients were developed to determine crop water needs based on the evapotranspiration (ET) of a reference crop under a given set of meteorological conditions. Starting in the 1980s, crop coefficients developed through lysimeter studies or set by expert opinion began to be supplemented by remotely sensed vegetation indices (VI) that measured the actual status of the crop on a field‐by‐field basis. VIs measure the density of green foliage based on the reflectance of visible and near infrared (NIR) light from the canopy, and are highly correlated with plant physiological processes that depend on light absorption by a canopy such as ET and photosynthesis. Reflectance‐based crop coefficients have now been developed for numerous individual crops, including corn, wheat, alfalfa, cotton, potato, sugar beet, vegetables, grapes and orchard crops. Other research has shown that VIs can be used to predict ET over fields of mixed crops, allowing them to be used to monitor ET over entire irrigation districts. VI‐based crop coefficients can help reduce agricultural water use by matching irrigation rates to the actual water needs of a crop as it grows instead of to a modeled crop growing under optimal conditions. Recently, the concept has been applied to natural ecosystems at the local, regional and continental scales of measurement, using time‐series satellite data from the MODIS sensors on the Terra satellite. VIs or other visible‐NIR band algorithms are combined with meteorological data to predict ET in numerous biome types, from deserts, to arctic tundra, to tropical rainforests. These methods often closely match ET measured on the ground at the global FluxNet array of eddy covariance moisture and carbon flux towers. The primary advantage of VI methods for estimating ET is that transpiration is closely related to radiation absorbed by the plant canopy, which is closely related to VIs. The primary disadvantage is that they cannot capture stress effects or soil evaporation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
APC as a mobile scaffold: Regulation and function at the nucleus, centrosomes, and mitochondria
Authors: Lui Christina , Mills Kate , Brocardo Mariana G. , Sharma Manisha , Henderson Beric R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGenetic mutations of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) predispose to high risk of human colon cancer. APC is a large tumor suppressor protein and truncating mutations disrupt its normal roles in regulating cell migration, DNA replication/repair, mitosis, apoptosis, and turnover of oncogenic β‐catenin. APC is targeted to multiple subcellular sites, and here we discuss recent evidence implicating novel protein interactions and functions of APC in the nucleus and at centrosomes and mitochondria. The ability of APC to shuttle between these and other cell locations is hypothesized to be integral to its cellular function. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2011
Growth factor release from a chemically modified elastomeric poly(1,8‐octanediol‐co‐citrate) thin film promotes angiogenesisin vivo
Authors: Sharma Arun K. , Bury Matthew I. , Fuller Natalie J. , Rozkiewicz Dorota I. , Hota Partha V. , Kollhoff David M. , Webber Matthew J. , Tapaskar Natalie , Meisner Jay W. , Lariviere Patrick J. , DeStefano Samantha , Wang Deli , Ameer Guillermo A. , Cheng Earl Y. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe ultimate success ofin vivoorgan formation utilizingex vivoexpanded “starter” tissues relies heavily upon the level of vascularization provided by either endogenous or artificial induction of angiogenic or vasculogenic events. To facilitate proangiogenic outcomes and promote tissue growth, an elastomeric scaffold previously shown to be instrumental in the urinary bladder regenerative process was modified to release proangiogenic growth factors. Carboxylic acid groups on poly(1,8‐octanediol‐co‐citrate) films (POCfs) were modified with heparan sulfate creating a heparan binding POCf (HBPOCf). Release of proangiogenic growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) from HBPOCfs demonstrated an approximate threefold increase over controls during a 30‐day time coursein vitro. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated significant topological differences between films. Subcutaneous implantation of POCf alone, HBPOCf, POCf‐VEGF, and HBPOCf‐VEGF within the dorsa of nude rats yielded increased vascular growth in HBPOCf‐VEGF constructs. Vessel quantification studies revealed that POCfs alone contained 41.1 ± 4.1 vessels/mm2, while HBPOCf, POCf‐VEGF, and HBPOCF‐VEGF contained 41.7 ± 2.6, 76.3 ± 9.4, and 167.72 ± 15.3 vessels/mm2, respectively. Presence of increased vessel growth was demonstrated by CD31 and vWF immunostaining in HBPOCf‐VEGF implanted areas. Data demonstrate that elastomeric POCfs can be chemically modified and possess the ability to promote angiogenesisin vivo. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Protective effect of selenium against mercury‐induced toxicity on hematological and biochemical parameters of Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Cogun Hikmet Y. , Fırat Özgür , Fırat Özge , Yüzereroǧlu Tüzin A. , Gök Gülbin , Kargin Ferit , Kötemen Yasemin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study, to identify mercury (Hg) toxicity and whether selenium (Se) has any role in alleviation of this toxicity, it was investigated the changes in hematological and serum biochemical parameters of Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were exposed to 0.01 and 0.1 mg/L Hg and 0.01 mg/L Hg + 0.1 mg/L Se and 0.1 mg/L Hg + 1.0 mg/L Se for 7 and 14 days. The exposure of O. niloticus to Hg alone resulted in decreases in red blood cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit values, and cholinesterase activity while it increased in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and cortisol and glucose levels. Se, in combination with Hg, partially or totally caused an alleviation for the toxic effect of Hg on the above mentioned hematological and biochemical parameters. The results of our study showed that Se has a protective effect against toxicity induced by Hg. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:117–122, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20417
Beyond (the ABCs): education, community, and feminism in Afghanistan
Authors: Brodsky Anne E. , Portnoy Galina A. , Scheibler Jill E. , Welsh Elena A. , Talwar Gitika , Carrillo Amy 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article examines the meaning, operation, and outcomes of education and related formation of feminist identity development within an Afghan women's humanitarian and political organization. Qualitative data, including 110 interviews, archival review, and participant observations, were collected using a feminist, community, strengths‐based approach and were re‐analyzed here with a focus on educational processes. Findings revealed multiple educational mechanisms, both similar to and different from many Western assumptions. Within these educational mechanisms, themes of critical consciousness and feminist identity also arose. Outcomes were mapped against Downing and Roush's (1985) feminist identity development model. Similarities, differences, limitations, and lessons in the application of a Western model to an Afghan context are discussed. Findings have implications for understanding indigenous educational methods, the development of critical consciousness and “feminist” identity in global perspective, and cross‐cultural, feminist, community psychology research and application. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AN EXPLORATORY CROSS‐COUNTRY ANALYSIS OF GENDERED INSTITUTIONS
Authors: van Staveren Irene 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe standard empowerment model underlying gender policies by international organisations emphasises women's access to resources. This paper presents an exploratory analysis of the relative importance of access to resources as compared with women's agency, recognising that this agency may be limited by gendered institutional constraints. It presents a cross‐country analysis with a variety of formal and informal gendered institutions, access to resources and well‐being achievements. The regression analysis suggests that women's empowerment depends both on access to resources (positively) and on gendered institutions (negatively), with different institutions affecting different dimensions of empowerment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postmortem role of calpains in Pekin duck skeletal muscles
Authors: Chang Ya‐Shiou , Chou Rong‐Ghi R 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUD: It is generally agreed that calpains are involved in postmortem proteolysis of skeletal muscle and improve meat tenderness. However, little information regarding the postmortem role of calpains in duck skeletal muscle is known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of calpains in Pekin duck postmortem breast muscles (BM) and leg and thigh muscles (LM) muscles at 5 °C.RESULTS: The postmortem pH was lower (P < 0.05) in BM than in LM. Western blots indicated that postmortem desmin degradation and the 30/32 kDa troponin‐T degradation product accumulation were more rapid in BM than in LM. Casein zymograms showed that at‐death µ‐calpain activity was higher in BM than in LM. As time post mortem increased, µ‐calpain was activated and autolyzed more rapidly and extensively in BM than in LM, but µ/m‐calpain was activated at a relative slower rate compared with µ‐calpain. Correlation results showed that µ‐calpain activity, rather than µ/m‐calpain activity, in BM samples was highly correlated with the abundance of desmin and the 30/32 kDa troponin‐T degradation components across the postmortem period. However, no such correlations were found with LM µ‐ and µ/m‐calpains.CONCLUSION: Therefore, our results suggest that BM µ‐calpain with a faster and more extensive activation and autolysis would play a relatively dominant role in dictating degradation of desmin and troponin‐T in postmortem duck muscle. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Irresolvable complex mixture of hydrocarbons in soybean oil deodorizer distillate
Authors: Ju Yi‐Hsu , Huynh Lien‐Huong , Gunawan Setiyo , Chern Yaw‐Terng , Kasim Novy S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAliphatic hydrocarbons (HCs) can be used as a fingerprint of a given seed oil. Only by characterization of aliphatic HCs could contamination by mineral oil in that seed oil be confirmed. During the isolation of squalene from soybean oil deodorizer distillate, a significant amount of unknown HCs, ca. 44 wt%, was obtained. These seemingly‐easy‐to‐identify HCs turned out to be much more difficult to elucidate due to the presence of an irresolvable complex mixture (ICM). The objective of this study was to purify and identify the unknown ICM of aliphatic HCs from soybean oil deodorizer distillate. Purification of the ICM was successfully achieved by using modified Soxhlet extraction, followed by modified preparative column chromatography, and finally by classical preparative column chromatography. FT‐IR, TLC, elemental analysis, GC/FID, NMR and GC‐MS analyses were then performed on the purified HCs. The GC chromatogram detected the presence of ICM peaks comprising two major peaks and a number of minor peaks. Validation methods such as IR and NMR justified that the unknowns are saturated HCs. This work succeeded in tentatively identifying the two major peaks in the ICM as cycloalkane derivatives.
Current Trends in the Field of Self‐Healing Materials
Authors: Guimard Nathalie K. , Oehlenschlaeger Kim K. , Zhou Jiawen , Hilf Stefan , Schmidt Friedrich Georg , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe evolution of material design has mirrored advancements in the understanding of materials, nature, and the requirements of target applications. Originally, materials were only intended to play a passive role, but with a deepened understanding of material properties and design has come an improved ability to harness these properties to create materials with predetermined response mechanisms. This article has three aims: i) to briefly discuss the origin of and motivation for having materials that are capable of undergoing healing either extrinsically or intrinsically; ii) to present the most recent and promising advancements in the field of self‐healing materials; and iii) to discuss important material design and property specifications that should be considered in order to promote the development of optimized self‐healing materials.
Diffusion tensor imaging of freezing of gait in patients with white matter changes
Authors: Youn Jinyoung , Cho Jin Whan , Lee Won Yong , Kim Gyeong‐Moon , Kim Sung Tae , Kim Hee‐Tae 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:Freezing of gait is a common and disabling symptom of parkinsonism. However, the corresponding anatomic structures have yet to be clearly elucidated.Methods:We performed diffusion tensor imaging on 40 subjects with white matter changes. We compared apparent diffusion coefficient values and fraction anisotropy values of 7 candidate anatomic structures between 14 patients with freezing of gait (freezing of gait group) and 26 without freezing of gait (control group).Results:Fraction anisotropy values of the bilateral pedunculopontine nucleus, bilateral superior premotor cortex, right orbitofrontal area, and left supplement motor area were significantly lower in the freezing of gait group than in the control group. In contrast, there were no significant differences in apparent diffusion coefficient values between freezing of gait and control groups.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that the bilateral pedunculopontine nucleus, bilateral superior premotor cortex, right orbitofrontal area, and left supplement motor area are closely related to freezing of gait. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Parkinson's disease motor subtypes and mood
Authors: Burn David J. , Landau Sabine , Hindle John V. , Samuel Michael , Wilson Kenneth C. , Hurt Catherine S. , Brown Richard G. ,   for the PROMS‐PD Study Group
Published: December 2011

AbstractParkinson's disease is heterogeneous, both in terms of motor symptoms and mood. Identifying associations between phenotypic variants of motor and mood subtypes may provide clues to understand mechanisms underlying mood disorder and symptoms in Parkinson's disease. A total of 513 patients were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and separately classified into anxious, depressed, and anxious‐depressed mood classes based on latent class analysis of a semistructured interview. Motor subtypes assessed related to age‐of‐onset, rate of progression, presence of motor fluctuations, lateralization of motor symptoms, tremor dominance, and the presence of postural instability and gait symptoms and falls. The directions of observed associations tended to support previous findings with the exception of lateralization of symptoms, for which there were no consistent or significant results. Regression models examining a range of motor subtypes together indicated increased risk of anxiety in patients with younger age‐of‐onset and motor fluctuations. In contrast, depression was most strongly related to axial motor symptoms. Different risk factors were observed for depressed patients with and without anxiety, suggesting heterogeneity within Parkinson's disease depression. Such association data may suggest possible underlying common risk factors for motor subtype and mood. Combined with convergent evidence from other sources, possible mechanisms may include cholinergic system damage and white matter changes contributing to non‐anxious depression in Parkinson's disease, while situational factors related to threat and unpredictability may contribute to the exacerbation and maintenance of anxiety in susceptible individuals. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Simultaneous variable flip angle–actual flip angle imaging method for improved accuracy and precision of three‐dimensional T1 and B1 measurements
Authors: Hurley Samuel A. , Yarnykh Vasily L. , Johnson Kevin M. , Field Aaron S. , Alexander Andrew L. , Samsonov Alexey A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new time‐efficient and accurate technique for simultaneous mapping of T1 and B1 is proposed based on a combination of the actual flip angle (FA) imaging and variable FA methods. Variable FA–actual FA imaging utilizes a single actual FA imaging and one or more spoiled gradient‐echo acquisitions with a simultaneous nonlinear fitting procedure to yield accurate T1/B1 maps. The advantage of variable FA–actual FA imaging is high accuracy at either short T1 times or long repetition times in the actual FA imaging sequence. Simulations show this method is accurate to 0.03% in FA and 0.07% in T1 for ratios of repetition time to T1 time over the range of 0.01–0.45. We show for the case of brain imaging that it is sufficient to use only one small FA spoiled gradient‐echo acquisition, which results in reduced spoiling requirements and a significant scan time reduction compared to the original variable FA method. In vivo validation yielded high‐quality 3D T1 maps and T1 measurements within 10% of previously published values and within a clinically acceptable scan time. The variable FA–actual FA imaging method will increase the accuracy and clinical feasibility of many quantitative MRI methods requiring T1/B1 mapping such as dynamic contrast enhanced perfusion and quantitative magnetization transfer imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prospective motion correction with continuous gradient updates in diffusion weighted imaging
Authors: Herbst Michael , Maclaren Julian , Weigel Matthias , Korvink Jan , Hennig Juergen , Zaitsev Maxim 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDespite the existence of numerous motion correction methods, head motion during MRI continues to be a major source of artifacts and can greatly reduce image quality. This applies particularly to diffusion weighted imaging, where strong gradients are applied during long encoding periods. These are necessary to encode microscopic movements. However, they also make the technique highly sensitive to bulk motion. In this work, we present a prospective motion correction method where all applied gradients are adjusted continuously to compensate for changes of the object position and ensure the desired phase evolution in the image coordinate frame. Additionally, in phantom experiments this new technique is used to reproduce motion artifacts with high accuracy by changing the position of the imaging frame relative to the measured object. In vivo measurements demonstrate the validity of the new correction method. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.