bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia and hypoxia‐inducible factor in the burn wound
Authors: Xing Dongmei , Liu Lixin , Marti Guy P. , Zhang Xianjie , Reinblatt Maura , Milner Stephen M. , Harmon John W. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe importance of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) in promoting angiogenesis and vasculogenesis during wound healing has been demonstrated. It is widely accepted that HIF activity can be promoted by many factors, including hypoxia in the wound or cytokines from inflammatory cells infiltrating the wound. However, there has not been a systematic exploration of the relationship between HIF activity and hypoxia in the burn wound. The location of the hypoxic tissue has not been clearly delineated. The time course of the appearance of hypoxia and the increased activity of HIF and appearance of HIF's downstream transcription products has not been described. The aim of this study was to utilize pimonidazole, a specific tissue hypoxia marker, to characterize the spatial and temporal course of hypoxia in a murine burn model and correlate this with the appearance of HIF‐1α and its important angiogenic and vasculogenic transcription products vascular endothelial growth factor and SDF‐1. Hypoxia was found in the healing margin of burn wounds beginning at 48 hours after burn and peaking at day 3 after burn. On sequential sections of the same tissue block, positive staining of HIF‐1α, SDF‐1, and vascular endothelial growth factor all occurred at the leading margin of the healing area and peaked at day 3, as did hypoxia. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to explore the characteristics of the hypoxic region of the wound. The localization of hypoxia was found to be related to cell growth and migration, but not to proliferation or inflammatory infiltration.
In vivo diffusion tensor imaging and ex vivo histologic characterization of white matter pathology in a post–status epilepticus model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: van Eijsden Pieter , Otte Wim M. , Saskia van der Hel W. , van Nieuwenhuizen Onno , Dijkhuizen Rick M. , de Graaf Robin A. , Braun Kees P. J. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryAlthough epilepsy is historically considered a disease of gray matter, recent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have shown white matter abnormalities in patients with epilepsy. The histopathologic correlate of these findings, and whether they are a cause or consequence of epilepsy, remains unclear. To characterize these changes and their underlying histopathology, DTI was performed in juvenile rats, 4 and 8 weeks after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus (SE). In the medial corpus callosum (CC), mean diffusivity and axial diffusivity (MD and λ1) as well as a myelin staining were significantly reduced at 4 weeks. Only the λ1 decrease persisted at 8 weeks. In the fornix fimbriae (FF), λ1 and myelin staining were decreased at both time points, whereas fractional anisotropy (FA) and MD were significantly reduced at 8 weeks only. We conclude that SE induces both transient and chronic white matter changes in the medial CC and FF that are to some degree related to myelin pathology.
Effect of a 1‐Week Clinical Rotation in Palliative Medicine on Medical School Graduates' Knowledge of and Preparedness in Caring for Seriously Ill Patients
Authors: Goldberg Gabrielle R. , Gliatto Peter , Karani Reena 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of a required 1‐week clinical rotation in palliative medicine during a 12‐week internal medicine–geriatrics clerkship on graduating medical students' knowledge and self‐assessed preparedness in caring for seriously ill patients.
DESIGN: Historical control trial.
SETTING: Mount Sinai School of Medicine (MSSM), New York, New York.
PARTICIPANTS: Students from the MSSM classes of 2007 (MS07) and 2008 (MS08).
INTERVENTION: MS08 was the first class to complete the required clinical rotation in palliative medicine. MS07 served as a historical control, having received only didactics in palliative care but no clinical rotation.
MEASUREMENTS: Both classes were invited to complete an anonymous online survey designed to assess experiences and preparedness in caring for seriously ill patients and a 30‐question multiple choice knowledge examination.
RESULTS: Fifty‐eight (55%) students from MS07 and 59 (51%) students from MS08 completed the survey. Students from MS08 rated their skill level in several areas of pain management and communication more favorably than did students from MS07. Mean scores on the knowledge portion of the survey were not significantly different between the two classes.
CONCLUSION: Graduating medical students who had a 1‐week clinical rotation in palliative medicine had higher self‐assessed skills in pain management and communication than students who received no clinical exposure. A brief clinical experience in palliative care should be considered for integration into the curriculum at all medical schools.
Fewer bone disease events, improvement in bone remodeling, and evidence of bone healing with bortezomib plus melphalan–prednisone vs. melphalan–prednisone in the phase III VISTA trial in multiple myeloma
Authors: Delforge Michel , Terpos Evangelos , Richardson Paul G. , Shpilberg Ofer , Khuageva Nuriet K. , Schlag Rudolf , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Kropff Martin , Spicka Ivan , Petrucci Maria T. , Samoilova Olga S. , Mateos Maria‐Victoria , Magen‐Nativ Hila , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Esseltine Dixie‐Lee , Ricci Deborah S. , Liu Kevin , Deraedt William , Cakana Andrew , van de Velde Helgi , San Miguel Jesús F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectives:  Bone disease is a key presenting feature of myeloma. This post hoc analysis of the phase III VISTA trial of bortezomib plus melphalan–prednisone (VMP) vs. MP in previously untreated myeloma patients assessed clinical bone disease events and changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a marker for osteoblast activation, and serum Dickkopf‐1 (DKK‐1), an inhibitor of osteoblast differentiation, during treatment.Methods:  Patients received nine 6‐wk cycles of VMP (bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2, days 1, 4, 8, 11, 22, 25, 29, 32, cycles 1–4, days 1, 8, 22, 29, cycles 5–9, plus melphalan 9 mg/m2 and prednisone 60 mg/m2, days 1–4, cycles 1–9; N = 344) or MP alone (N = 338).Results:  Rates of bisphosphonates use during treatment (73% vs. 82%), progression because of worsening bone disease (3% vs. 11%), and requirement for subsequent radiotherapy (3% vs. 8%) were lower with VMP vs. MP. Median maximum ALP increase was significantly higher with VMP vs. MP overall (49.7% vs. 30.3%, P = 0.029), and higher by response group (complete response [CR]: 68.7% vs. 43.9%; partial response [PR]: 41.5% vs. 31.2%). Greater maximum ALP increase was strongly associated with achievement of CR (P ≤ 0.0001) and CR/PR (P ≤ 0.01). Median DKK‐1 decreased with VMP by 694.4 pg/mL and increased with MP by 1273.3 pg/mL from baseline to day 4 (P = 0.0069). Available radiologic data revealed evidence of bone healing in 6/11 VMP‐treated patients, who achieved best responses of three CR, one PR, and two stable disease.Conclusions:  These results suggest a positive effect of bortezomib on bone metabolism and potentially bone healing in myeloma.
Effects of parenteral soybean oil lipid emulsion on the long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid profile in very‐low‐birth‐weight infants
Authors: Shoji Hiromichi , Hisata Ken , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi , Yoshikawa Naomi , Suganuma Hiroki , Ohkawa Natsuki , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  Conventional soybean lipid emulsions contain no docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or arachidonic acid (AA). We investigated the relationship between blood DHA and AA status in 27 very‐low‐birth‐weight (VLBW) infants with or without parenteral lipid emulsion.Methods:  Sixteen infants received parenteral lipid emulsion, and 11 infants were control group. The fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membrane was analysed at birth and at 2 weeks of age.Results:  No significant difference in AA levels was observed in the lipid emulsion group between the two time points, whereas the AA levels at 2 weeks were significantly lower than at birth in the control group. The DHA levels in both groups at 2 weeks were significantly lower than at birth, but no group differences were observed at both time points.Conclusion:  The use of parenteral soybean oil lipid emulsions in VLBW infants in the postnatal period may prevent the decline in the AA level but does not appear to influence the DHA level.
Contemporary Revision Penile Prosthesis Surgery Is Not Associated with a High Risk of Implant Colonization or Infection: A Single-Surgeon Series
Authors: Kava Bruce R. , Kanagarajah Prashanth , Ayyathurai Rajinikanth 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Revision penile prosthesis surgery has traditionally been associated with a greater risk of postoperative infection than primary implant placement. This has been attributed to the high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteria found surrounding the implant at the time of revision surgery.

Aim
To validate whether contemporary revision surgery remains associated with a high risk of asymptomatic colonization and postoperative infection.

Methods
A comprehensive, prospective database consisting of consecutive patients undergoing primary and revision penile prosthesis surgery at our center was analyzed.

Main Outcome Measures
The infection risk in primary and revision implant surgery was compared. The prevalence of asymptomatic implant colonization during revision surgery, and whether this was associated with clinical infection was evaluated. The spectrum of bacterial species causing infection in this contemporary single-surgeon series was described.

Results
One hundred seventeen primary and 72 revision implant recipients were studied. Infection developed in four (3.4%) patients undergoing primary implants, two (4.3%) patients undergoing removal and replacement for mechanical malfunction, and three (12%) patients undergoing rerouting for extrusion (P  = 0.26). Intraoperative cultures were positive in 5 (9.8%) of 51 revision patients, none of whom developed infections. Organisms causing infection included Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter aerogenes. Unexpectedly, an adjuvant, alcohol-based skin prep in our last 83 patients reduced the infection risk to 1.2%.

Conclusions
In our series, the infection risk associated with revision of malfunctioning devices was no greater than primary implant placement. Rerouting was associated with a higher infection risk, likely due to technical factors, and not implant colonization. Less than 10% of our revision implants were colonized, and this had no bearing on the development of a postoperative infection. S. epidermidis was not the most common organism implicated in device infections. Finally, our experience with an adjuvant, alcohol-based skin prep warrants further randomized prospective evaluation.
New Classification of Anomalous Venous Drainage Using Caverno-Computed Tomography in Men with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Virag Ronald , Paul Jean François 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Venous leak evaluation remains a challenge in many ED patients. Adequate anatomical evaluation may help with optimizing therapeutic strategies.

Aim
Propose a new classification of venous leakage using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) cavernography, after contrast media intracavernous injection (ICI), under pharmacological stimulation.

Methods
Thirty-eight patients gave informed consent for the study: 34 complained of ED, unsatisfied with treatment and suspected to have cavernovenous leak; four having morphological anomalies and needing surgery. Patient's clinical history, including age, vascular risk factors, penile nitric oxide release test, Doppler ultrasound and previous treatments were evaluated. MDCT consisted in: 1-ICI of 1 mL of vasoactive medications containing papaverine, chlorydrate (20 mg), urapidil chlorydrate (2.75 mg) and alprostadil (10 mcg); 2-ICI of 20–60 cc of diluted contrast media (1/3) using 20 cc of Ioprimide (300 mg/mL); 3-Spiral MDCT acquisition and three-dimensional volume rendering.

Main Outcomes Measures
Erection degree was assessed using the erection hardness score (EHS); venous drainage was analyzed and deep, superficial veins (SVs), and caverno-spongious communications identified. MDCT findings were compared with clinical data.

Results
The deep dorsal vein (DDV) was opacified in 58% of patients and the SV in 50%. Cavernospongious communications were visible in 18.4%. Sixteen percent presented no visible drainage. A new classification of venous drainage anomalies is proposed: A—No visible drainage (N = 8); B—DDV and preprostatic plexus opacification (N = 11); C—Exclusive SV opacification (N = 10); D—Opacification of both SV and DDV (N = 9). All patients (with one exception) in group A quoted 4 at the EHS vs. none in the others groups (P  &lt; 0.0001, exact Fisher test). One patient in group A needed venous drainage due to prolonged erection.

Conclusions
MDCT after ICI contrast media was able to differentiate between various venous pathways in men with venous origin ED, leading to a new anatomical classification. Absence of leakage was associated with normal erection under pharmacological stimulation.
Preliminary results of 2009 pandemic influenza surveillance in the United States using the Aggregate Hospitalization and Death Reporting Activity
Authors: Jhung Michael A. , Davidson Heidi , McIntyre Anne , Gregg William J. , Dasgupta Sharoda , D’Mello Tiffany , White Victoria , Fowlkes Ashley , Brammer Lynnette , Finelli Lyn 
Published: March 2011

Please cite this paper as: Jhung et al. (2011) Preliminary results of 2009 pandemic influenza surveillance in the United States using the Aggregate Hospitalization and Death Reporting Activity. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(5), 321–327.Background  To augment established influenza surveillance systems in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists implemented the Aggregate Hospitalization and Death Reporting Activity (AHDRA) in August 2009. The AHDRA was designed to meet increased demands for timely and detailed information describing illness severity during the 2009 H1N1 influenza A (pH1N1) pandemic response.Objectives  We describe the implementation of AHDRA and provide preliminary results from this new surveillance activity.Methods  All 50 US states were asked to report influenza‐associated hospitalizations and deaths to AHDRA each week using either a laboratory‐confirmed or syndromic surveillance definition. Aggregate counts were used to calculate age‐specific weekly and cumulative rates per 100 000, and laboratory‐confirmed reports were used to estimate the age distribution of pH1N1 influenza‐associated hospitalizations and deaths.Results  From August 30, 2009, through April 6, 2010, AHDRA identified 41 689 laboratory‐confirmed influenza‐associated hospitalizations and 2096 laboratory‐confirmed influenza‐associated deaths. Aggregate Hospitalization and Death Reporting Activity rates peaked earlier than hospitalization and death rates seen in previous influenza seasons with other surveillance systems, and the age distribution of cases revealed a tendency for hospitalizations and deaths to occur in persons <65 years for age.Conclusions  Aggregate Hospitalization and Death Reporting Activity laboratory‐confirmed reports provided important information during the 2009 pandemic response. Aggregate Hospitalization and Death Reporting Activity syndromic reports were marked by low representativeness and specificity and were therefore less useful. The AHDRA was implemented quickly and may be a useful surveillance system to monitor severe illness during future influenza pandemics.
Ascorbic Acid Degradation in a Model Apple Juice System and in Apple Juice during Ultraviolet Processing and Storage
Authors: Tikekar Rohan V. , Anantheswaran Ramaswamy C. , LaBorde Luke F. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract:  Ultraviolet radiation induced degradation of ascorbic acid in a model apple juice system and in apple juice was studied using a collimated beam batch UV reactor. In the model system, ascorbic acid degradation was more rapid at higher dose levels and the reaction accelerated with increasing exposure time. Ascorbic acid degradation significantly (P < 0.05) increased as the pH was raised from 2.4 to 5.5, although no difference was observed between 2.4 and 3.3. Increasing malic acid concentration between 0.1 and 1%, increased ascorbic acid degradation (P < 0.05) although there was no difference between 0.5 and 1.0%. Solution absorbance, varied by addition of tannic acid, decreased ascorbic acid degradation with increasing concentration due to absorption of UV radiation. Fructose at levels found in apple juice significantly increased ascorbic acid degradation while glucose and sucrose did not. Factors identified that accelerate ascorbic acid degradation may at least partially explain why ascorbic acid degradation occurred more rapidly in UV‐treated apple juice than in the 0.5% malic acid model system. Ascorbic acid degradation continued after UV treatments during dark storage. Storage decreases were faster at higher initial UV dose levels and higher storage temperature.Practical Application:  The present study shows the effect of UV processing on ascorbic acid, a key vitamin found in many fruit juices. Process developers and researchers can use this study as a model for designing experiments to identify factors that influence the stability of vitamin C and other bioactive compounds during UV processing.
Physical and Structural Changes in Liquid Whole Egg Treated with High‐Intensity Pulsed Electric Fields
Authors: Marco‐Molés Raquel , Rojas‐Graü María A. , Hernando Isabel , Pérez‐Munuera Isabel , Soliva‐Fortuny Robert , Martín‐Belloso Olga 
Published: March 2011

Abstract:  Liquid whole egg (LWE) is currently pasteurized through the application of heat; however, this treatment entails deleterious effects against some of the functional and technological properties of the product. In this study, the effect of high‐intensity pulsed electric fields (HIPEF) processing (field strength: 19, 32, and 37 kV/cm) was compared to the traditional heat pasteurization (66 °C for 4.5 min). Different physical and structural characteristics of LWE, subjected or not to homogenization, were evaluated and compared, having the untreated LWE as a reference. Thermal treatment caused an increase in the viscosity of LWE, especially in nonhomogenized samples. HIPEF treatments did not modify the original color of LWE, whereas thermally treated samples developed an opaque appearance. LWE treated at 19 and 32 kV/cm exhibited a similar foaming capacity as fresh untreated egg, whereas thermal processing and PEF treatments of 37 kV/cm caused a substantial decrease in the foaming capacity of untreated liquid egg. Regarding the microstructure, the lipoprotein matrix appeared to be less affected by the HIPEF than by heat treatment if compared to the control. In addition, heat pasteurization had a significant impact on both the water‐soluble protein content of the LWE samples (19.5% to 23.6% decrease) and the mechanical properties of the egg gels (up to 21.3% and 14.5% increase in hardness and cohesiveness, respectively). On the other hand, these parameters were not substantially affected in the HIPEF‐treated samples. Heat‐induced gels obtained from HIPEF‐treated samples did not exhibit remarkable differences in the water‐holding capacity (WHC) with respect to heat‐pasteurized samples.Practical Application:  The impact of high‐intensity pulsed electric fields (HIPEF) processing on technological properties of liquid‐whole egg was investigated and compared to that of thermal processing. Heat treatments cause a severe impact on the foaming capacity, the water‐soluble protein content, and the rheological properties of liquid egg samples, whereas HIPEF treatments better preserved the food matrix structure. Microscopic observations support these results, thus suggesting that HIPEF‐processing has potential application for the preservation of liquid egg through nonthermal means.
Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Edible Rapeseed Protein Films
Authors: Jang Sung‐Ae , Lim Geum‐Ok , Song Kyung Bin 
Published: March 2011

Abstract:  Edible films were manufactured from rapeseed oil extraction residues. To prepare rapeseed protein (RP) films, various concentrations of plasticizers and emulsifiers were incorporated into the preparation of a film‐forming solution. The optimal conditions for the preparation of the RP film were 2% sorbitol/0.5% sucrose as plasticizer and 1.5% polysorbate 20 as an emulsifier. In addition, RP blend films were prepared. Gelidium corneum or gelatin was added to improve the physical properties of the RP film, and the highest tensile strength value of the films was 53.45 MPa for the 3% RP/4% gelatin film. Our results suggest that the RP‐gelatin blend film is suitable for applications in food packaging.Practical Application:  Edible RP films prepared in the present investigation can be applied in food packaging.
Characterization of a Wild Strain of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris: Heat Resistance and Implications for Tomato Juice
Authors: Bevilacqua Antonio , Corbo Maria R. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract:  This article reports the characterization of a wild strain of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris and describes the implications of the heat resistance of this microorganism in tomato juice. The strain (labeled as A. acidoterrestrisγ4) showed pH and temperature ranges for growth typical of the species (3.0 to 6.0 for the pH and 35 to 60 °C for the temperature); heat resistance in tomato juice was as follows: DT values of 40.65, 9.47, and 1.5 min (at 85, 90, and 95 °C, respectively) and z‐value of 7 °C. A treatment at 70 °C for 15 min was found to be optimal for spore activation, whereas Malt Extract Agar, acidified to pH 4.5, showed good results for spore recovery. Concerning the implications of heat resistance of A. acidoterrestris on tomato juice, high temperatures required for spore inactivation determined a general decrease of the antioxidant activity (increase of the redox potential and reduction of the chain‐breaking activity), but not the formation of brown compounds (namely, hydroxymethylfurfural), thus suggesting an effect on the secondary antioxidants (carotenoids and ascorbic acid) rather than on lycopene.Practical Application:  Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is an emerging spore‐forming microorganism, capable of causing spoilage in tomato juice. Due to their high thermal resistance, spores could be used as targets for the optimization of heat processing; this article reports on the assessment of thermal resistance of a wild strain of A. acidoterrestris, then focusing on the effect of the thermal treatment necessary to inactivate spores on the quality of tomato juice.