bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESR guidelines for the communication of urgent and unexpected findings
Authors:   European Society of Radiology (ESR)
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The timely communication of radiological findings is important for patient care. When imaging reveals abnormalities that require urgent action, or shows significant unexpected findings, the usual methods of communication may not be reliable enough to ensure that those responsible for clinical care of the patient act promptly. These guidelines suggest methods for improving communication in these circumstances, using clear protocols and procedures agreed between imaging units and referrers.

Main Messages

• Communicating critical radiological findings will enable urgent or appropriate action to be taken.

• Good communication helps to improve patient safety.

• Clear departmental protocols become familiar to referrers within the organisation.

• Referrers should be aware of their responsibility to read and act on radiological reports.
Transition to turbulence in shock-driven mixing: a Mach number study
Authors: Lombardini M. , Pullin D. I. , Meiron D. I. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLarge-eddy simulations of single-shock-driven mixing suggest that, for sufficiently high incident Mach numbers, a two-gas mixing layer ultimately evolves to a late-time, fully developed turbulent flow, with Kolmogorov-like inertial subrange following a $\ensuremath{-} 5/ 3$ power law. After estimating the kinetic energy injected into the diffuse density layer during the initial shock–interface interaction, we propose a semi-empirical characterization of fully developed turbulence in such flows, based on scale separation, as a function of the initial parameter space, as $({\eta }_{{0}^{+ } } \mrm{\Delta} u/ \nu )\hspace{0.167em} ({\eta }_{{0}^{+ } } / {L}_{\rho } )\hspace{0.167em} {A}^{+ } / \sqrt{1\ensuremath{-} {A}^{{ \mathop{ + }\nolimits }^{2} } } \gtrsim 1. 53\ensuremath{\times} 1{0}^{4} / {\mathscr{C}}^{2} $, which corresponds to late-time Taylor-scale Reynolds numbers ${\gtrsim }250$. In this expression, ${\eta }_{{0}^{+ } } $ represents the post-shock perturbation amplitude, $ \mrm{\Delta} u$ the change in interface velocity induced by the shock refraction, $\nu $ the characteristic kinematic viscosity of the mixture, ${L}_{\rho } $ the inner diffuse thickness of the initial density profile, ${A}^{+ } $ the post-shock Atwood ratio, and $\mathscr{C}({A}^{+ } , {\eta }_{{0}^{+ } } / {\lambda }_{0} )\approx 0. 3$ for the gas combination and post-shock perturbation amplitude considered. The initially perturbed interface separating air and SF6 (pre-shock Atwood ratio $A\approx 0. 67$) was impacted in a heavy–light configuration by a shock wave of Mach number ${M}_{I} = 1. 05$, 1.25, 1.56, 3.0 or 5.0, for which ${\eta }_{{0}^{+ } } $ is fixed at about 25 % of the dominant wavelength ${\lambda }_{0} $ of an initial, Gaussian perturbation spectrum. Only partial isotropization of the flow (in the sense of turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation) is observed during the late-time evolution of the mixing zone. For all Mach numbers considered, the late-time flow resembles homogeneous decaying turbulence of Batchelor type, with a turbulent kinetic energy decay exponent $n\approx 1. 4$ and large-scale ($k\ensuremath{\rightarrow} 0$) energy spectrum $\ensuremath{\sim} {k}^{4} $, and a molecular mixing fraction parameter, $\Theta \approx 0. 85$. An appropriate time scale characterizing the Taylor-scale Reynolds number decay, as well as the evolution of mixing parameters such as $\Theta $ and the effective Atwood ratio ${A}_{e} $, seem to indicate the existence of low- and high-Mach-number regimes.
The spiritual strength story in end-of-life care: Two case studies
Authors: Mundle Robert G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this article I analyze two brief case studies to propose that a “spiritual strength story” has five defining characteristics: (1) it is brief; (2) it is ontological; (3) it uses symbols and metaphors; (4) it is a “big story” or meta-narrative with a positive spiritual and/or religious focus that informs other narrative data; and (5) most conspicuously of all, it repeats. Cultivating awareness of the “spiritual strength” narrative type can help to improve the quality of inter-professional patient-centered care teamwork and understanding, especially in regard to the reflexive, embodied, and relational aspects of palliative and end-of-life care.
An Efficient Profile Detection Method for Fiber Spectrum Images with Low SNR Based on Wigner Bispectrum
Authors: Zhu Jia , Zhu Zhangqin , Ye Zhongfu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAnovel profile detection method is proposed for astronomical fiber spectrum data with low signalto-noise ratio. This approach can be applied to the pretreatment for 2-D astronomical spectrum data before the extraction of spectra. The Wigner bispectrum, a classical higher-order spectrum analysis method, is introduced and applied to deal with the spectrumsignal in this article.After analyzing the Wigner higher-order spectra distribution of the target profile signal, the combination of the Wigner bispectrum algorithm and the fast Fourier transform algorithm is used to weaken the effect of the noise to obtain more accurate information. Both the reconstruction method of the Wigner bispectrum and inverse fast Fourier transform are used to acquire the detection signal. At the end of this paper, experiments with both simulated and observed data based on the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopy Telescope project are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Construal (In)compatibility Effect: The Moderating Role of a Creative Mind-Set
Authors: Yang Xiaojing , Ringberg Torsten , Mao Huifang , Peracchio Laura A. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This research examines how consumers with a creative mind-set are persuaded by advertising claims construed at different levels (i.e., abstract vs. concrete ad claims). Across four experiments, we show that consumers with a creative mind-set are more persuaded by ad claims construed at a level incompatible with their mental construal, while ad claims construed at a level compatible with consumers’ mental construal are more effective for those who possess a less creative mind-set. We document that such differences in persuasion are driven by the fact that consumers with a creative (less creative) mind-set prefer information that is more remotely (closely) associated with their mental construal and appears novel (familiar).
A System of Integrated Care for Older Persons With Disabilities in Canada: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Béland François , Bergman Howard , Lebel Paule , Clarfield A. Mark , Tousignant Pierre , Contandriopoulos André-Pierre , Dallaire Luc 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Background. Care for elderly persons with disabilities is usually characterized by fragmentation, often leading to more intrusive and expensive forms of care such as hospitalization and institutionalization. There has been increasing interest in the ability of integrated models to improve health, satisfaction, and service utilization outcomes.
Methods. A program of integrated care for vulnerable community-dwelling elderly persons (SIPA [French acronym for System of Integrated Care for Older Persons]) was compared to usual care with a randomized control trial. SIPA offered community-based care with local agencies responsible for the full range and coordination of community and institutional (acute and long-term) health and social services. Primary outcomes were utilization and public costs of institutional and community care. Secondary outcomes included health status, satisfaction with care, caregiver burden, and out-of-pocket expenses.
Results. Accessibility was increased for health and social home care with increased intensification of home health care. There was a 50% reduction in hospital alternate level inpatient stays (“bed blockers”) but no significant differences in utilization and costs of emergency department, hospital acute inpatient, and nursing home stays. For all study participants, average community costs per person were C$3390 higher in the SIPA group but institutional costs were C$3770 lower with, as hypothesized, no difference in total overall costs per person in the two groups. Satisfaction was increased for SIPA caregivers with no increase in caregiver burden or out-of-pocket costs. As expected, there was no difference in health outcomes.
Conclusions. Integrated systems appear to be feasible and have the potential to reduce hospital and nursing home utilization without increasing costs.
Optimization of Dietary Restriction Protocols in Drosophila
Authors: Bass Timothy M. , Grandison Richard C. , Wong Richard , Martinez Pedro , Partridge Linda , Piper Matthew D. W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDietary restriction (DR) extends life span in many organisms, through unknown mechanisms that may or may not be evolutionarily conserved. Because different laboratories use different diets and techniques for implementing DR, the outcomes may not be strictly comparable. This complicates intra- and interspecific comparisons of the mechanisms of DR and is therefore central to the use of model organisms to research this topic. Drosophila melanogaster is an important model for the study of DR, but the nutritional content of its diet is typically poorly defined. We have compared fly diets composed of different yeasts for their effect on life span and fecundity. We found that only one diet was appropriate for DR experiments, indicating that much of the published work on fly “DR” may have included adverse effects of food composition. We propose procedures to ensure that diets are suitable for the study of DR in Drosophila.
Faecal Calprotectin in HIV‐infected, HAART‐naïve Ugandan Children
Authors: Hestvik E. , Olafsdottir E. , Tylleskar T. , Aksnes L. , Kaddu‐Mulindwa D. , Ndeezi G. , Tumwine J.K. , Grahnquist L. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:Calprotectin is a calcium‐ and zinc‐binding protein and a marker in faeces of gastrointestinal inflammation. Reference values have been established in children older than 4 years. The aim of the present study was to determine the concentration of faecal calprotectin (FC) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected, highly active antiretroviral therapy–naïve Ugandan children and compare it with the reference value.Methods:We tested 193 HIV‐infected children ages 0 to 12 years in a hospital‐based survey for FC. A standardised interview with sociodemographic information and medical history was used to assess risk factors. A cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell percentage was prevalent in all of the children.Results:The median FC concentrations decreased with increasing age, as in healthy children. The median concentration was 208 mg/kg in infants 0 to 1 year, 171 mg/kg among toddlers 1 to 4 years, and 62 mg/kg for children 4 to 12 years. Children with advanced disease and a low CD4 cell percentage had significantly higher FC concentrations than those with a high CD4 cell percentage. Children older than 4 years with diarrhoea had significantly higher FC concentrations compared with those without diarrhoea.Conclusions:HIV‐infected children older than 4 years had a median FC concentration above the reference value, and gut inflammation in the children with elevated values is likely. Children with more advanced disease had increased FC concentrations regardless of age.
Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: clinicopathological characteristics and implications for treatment in 276 patients
Authors: Vasileiadis Ioannis , Karakostas Efthimios , Charitoudis Georgios , Stavrianaki Anna , Kapetanakis Stylianos , Kouraklis Gregory , Karatzas Theodore 
Published: November 2011

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (6): 657–664AbstractBackground  There is debate concerning the clinical significance of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), and therefore, the rise in the incidence of PTMC creates management dilemmas. The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinicopathological characteristics of PTMC in an island region that has a high prevalence of goitre and to determine risk factors for the worst prognosis.Materials and methods  Data from 1874 patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy between January 2002 and December 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 276 patients who were diagnosed with PTMC in a final pathology report were included in the study. A PTMC was defined as a papillary thyroid carcinoma with a diameter ≤ 10 mm. Clinicopathological features were evaluated by both univariate and multivariate analyses.Results  Of the 276 patients with PTMC, 219 patients (79·3%) were incidentally diagnosed. Two hundred and two patients had carcinomas of ≤ 5 mm, and 74 patients presented with carcinomas that ranged in size from 0·6 to 1·0 cm. Lymph node metastasis was diagnosed in 3·5% of patients with tumours ≤ 5 mm, and 21·6% of patients presented tumours > 5 mm. Upon multivariate analysis, clinically suspected diagnosis, a tumour size > 5 mm and an age over 45 years at diagnosis were independent risk factors for capsule invasion, while tumour multifocality, bilaterality, size of tumour > 5 mm and thyroid capsule invasion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis at diagnosis.Conclusions  Patients presenting multifocal, bilateral PTMC with a maximum diameter > 5 mm and thyroid capsule invasion may have an increased risk of lymph node metastasis. These factors should be considered in the follow‐up for these patients.
Challenges and expectations of the Mental Capacity Act 2005: an interview‐based study of community‐based specialist nurses working in dementia care
Authors: Samsi Kritika , Manthorpe Jill , Nagendran Tayvanie , Heath Hazel 
Published: November 2011

Aims.  This study aimed to explore experiences of specialist community nurses providing information about the Mental Capacity Act and supporting people with dementia and carers.Background.  The role of specialist community nurses and case managers, such as Admiral Nurses, suggests that providing information about the recent Mental Capacity Act (2005) in England and Wales would be appreciated by people with dementia and carers and would assist in assessment and support.Design.  In‐depth qualitative methodology was adopted to explore experiences and opinions of Admiral Nurses using the Mental Capacity Act.Method.  A volunteer sample of 15 Admiral Nurses were interviewed in 2008 about their experiences of explaining the legal framework to carers and people with dementia and expectations of the Act. Thematic analysis identified textual consistencies in the interviews.Results.  Most participants reported positively about the Mental Capacity Act and considered it beneficial when working with people with dementia and carers. Specific themes included knowledge acquisition and training, alongside limited confidence with implementation; practice experiences in the community and the empowering nature of the Mental Capacity Act; practice expectations and challenges with implementation.Conclusion.  The Mental Capacity Act has potential for supporting the safeguarding and empowerment role of community nurses. However, not all participants felt confident using it and speculated this would improve with greater familiarity and use, which should be facilitated by refresher training and supervision.Relevance to clinical practice.  The article concludes that nurses providing support to carers and of people with dementia may need greater familiarity about legal provisions. This may assist them in providing general information, making timely referrals to sources of specialist legal advice, and in using the Act to reduce anxiety, conflict and disputes.
Matching genetics with oceanography: directional gene flow in a Mediterranean fish species
Authors: SCHUNTER C. , CARRERAS‐CARBONELL J. , MACPHERSON E. , TINTORÉ J. , VIDAL‐VIJANDE E. , PASCUAL A. , GUIDETTI P. , PASCUAL M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGenetic connectivity and geographic fragmentation are two opposing mechanisms determining the population structure of species. While the first homogenizes the genetic background across populations the second one allows their differentiation. Therefore, knowledge of processes affecting dispersal of marine organisms is crucial to understand their genetic distribution patterns and for the effective management of their populations. In this study, we use genetic analyses of eleven microsatellites in combination with oceanographic satellite and dispersal simulation data to determine distribution patterns for Serranus cabrilla, a ubiquitous demersal broadcast spawner, in the Mediterranean Sea. Pairwise population FST values ranged between −0.003 and 0.135. Two genetically distinct clusters were identified, with a clear division located between the oceanographic discontinuities at the Ibiza Channel (IC) and the Almeria‐Oran Front (AOF), revealing an admixed population in between. The Balearic Front (BF) also appeared to dictate population structure. Directional gene flow on the Spanish coast was observed as S. cabrilla dispersed from west to east over the AOF, from north to south on the IC and from south of the IC towards the Balearic Islands. Correlations between genetic and oceanographic data were highly significant. Seasonal changes in current patterns and the relationship between ocean circulation patterns and spawning season may also play an important role in population structure around oceanographic fronts.
The complementary and alternative medicine use among asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the southern region of Turkey
Authors: Akinci Ayse Cil , Zengin Neriman , Yildiz Hicran , Sener Emral , Gunaydin Besime 
Published: November 2011

Akinci AC, Zengin N, Yildiz H, Sener E, Gunaydin B. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 571–582The complementary and alternative medicine use among asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the southern region of TurkeyThe aim of this descriptive study was to investigate the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) applications and factors associated and its use among asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in the southern region of Turkey. The study sample consisted of 197 patients. A percentage of 86.3 of asthma and COPD patients used at least one type of CAM. The most commonly used CAM methods are deep inhalation (51.8%), herb or herbal tea (46.7%), praying (41.1%) and applying vapour (36%). Patients generally use CAM methods for breathing comfortably, improving respiration, reducing dyspnoea, and relaxing. Patients frequently use CAM methods together with medical treatments, and they benefit from these methods without getting any harm. The rate of CAM usage is higher among patients who have a longer period of asthma and COPD and more than five symptoms of asthma and COPD. In conclusion, CAM is used commonly by asthma and COPD patients. The CAM usage rate is higher among patients who have a longer period of asthma and COPD and more than five symptoms of asthma and COPD.
DAGL‐dependent endocannabinoid signalling: roles in axonal pathfinding, synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis
Authors: Oudin Madeleine J. , Hobbs Carl , Doherty Patrick 
Published: November 2011

AbstractUntil recently, endocannabinoid (eCB) signalling was largely studied in the context of synaptic plasticity in the postnatal brain in the absence of detailed knowledge of the nature of the enzyme(s) responsible for the synthesis of the eCBs. However, the identification of two diacylglycerol lipases (DAGLα and DAGLβ) responsible for the synthesis of 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) has increased the understanding of where this eCB is synthesised in relationship to the expression of cannabinoid receptor (CB)1 and CB2. Furthermore, the generation of knockout animals for each enzyme has allowed for the direct testing of their importance for established and emerging eCB functions. Based on this, we now know that DAGLα is enriched in dendritic spines that appose CB1‐positive synaptic terminals, and that 2‐AG functions as a retrograde signal controlling synaptic strength throughout the nervous system. Consequently, we have built on the principle that expression of eCB components dictates function to identify additional physiological functions of this signalling cassette. A number of studies have now provided support for DAGL‐dependent eCB signalling playing important roles in brain development and in cellular plasticity in the adult nervous system. In this article, we will review evidence based on the localisation of the enzymes, as well as from genetic and pharmacological studies, that show DAGL‐dependent eCB signalling to play an important role in axonal growth and guidance during development, in retrograde synaptic signalling at mature synapses, and in the control of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus and subventricular zone.
Fatigue‐induced increase in intracortical communication between mid/anterior insular and motor cortex during cycling exercise
Authors: Hilty Lea , Langer Nicolas , Pascual‐Marqui Roberto , Boutellier Urs , Lutz Kai 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn the present study, intracortical communication between mid/anterior insular and motor cortex was investigated during a fatiguing cycling exercise. From 16 healthy male subjects performing a constant‐load test at 60% peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) until volitional exhaustion, electroencephalography data were analysed during repetitive, artefact‐free periods of 1‐min duration. To quantify fatigue‐induced intracortical communication, mean intra‐hemispheric lagged phase synchronization between mid/anterior insular and motor cortex was calculated: (i) at the beginning of cycling; (ii) at the end of cycling; and (iii) during recovery cycling. Results revealed significantly increased lagged phase synchronization at the end of cycling, which returned to baseline during recovery cycling after subjects’ cessation of exercise. Following previous imaging studies reporting the mid/anterior insular cortex as an essential instance processing a variety of sensory stimuli and signalling forthcoming physiological threat, our results provide further evidence that during a fatiguing exercise this structure might not only integrate and evaluate sensory information from the periphery, but also act in communication with the motor cortex. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to empirically demonstrate that muscle fatigue leads to changes in interaction between structures of a brain’s neural network.
ETHNIC DIVERSITY, PUBLIC SPENDING, AND INDIVIDUAL SUPPORT FOR THE WELFARE STATE: A REVIEW OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE
Authors: Stichnoth Holger , Van der Straeten Karine 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe review the empirical literature that studies the effect of ethnic diversity on public spending and on individual support for the welfare state. The survey puts a particular focus on the fast‐growing literature that uses experiments to study the effects of ethnic diversity. Many of these studies have appeared since the pioneering survey by Alesina and La Ferrara and have not been covered by a survey before.