bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust in automation and the accuracy of human–algorithm teams performing one-to-one face matching tasks
Authors: Carragher Daniel J. , Sturman Daniel , Hancock Peter J. B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe human face is commonly used for identity verification. While this task was once exclusively performed by humans, technological advancements have seen automated facial recognition systems (AFRS) integrated into many identification scenarios. Although many state-of-the-art AFRS are exceptionally accurate, they often require human oversight or involvement, such that a human operator actions the final decision. Previously, we have shown that on average, humans assisted by a simulated AFRS (sAFRS) failed to reach the level of accuracy achieved by the same sAFRS alone, due to overturning the system’s correct decisions and/or failing to correct sAFRS errors. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether participants’ trust in automation was related to their performance on a one-to-one face matching task when assisted by a sAFRS. Participants (n = 160) completed a standard face matching task in two phases: an unassisted baseline phase, and an assisted phase where they were shown the identification decision (95% accurate) made by a sAFRS prior to submitting their own decision. While most participants improved with sAFRS assistance, those with greater relative trust in automation achieved larger gains in performance. However, the average aided performance of participants still failed to reach that of the sAFRS alone, regardless of trust status. Nonetheless, further analysis revealed a small sample of participants who achieved 100% accuracy when aided by the sAFRS. Our results speak to the importance of considering individual differences when selecting employees for roles requiring human–algorithm interaction, including identity verification tasks that incorporate facial recognition technologies.
Causal associations between gut microbiota and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xu Hao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yinglang , Shen Chong , Zhang Zhe , Wang Jian , Zhou Diansheng , Wu Zhouliang , Qie Yunkai , Liu Shenglai , Tian Dawei , Hu Hailong , Wu Changli 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Recent researches have increasingly indicated a strong correlation between the gut microbiota and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). Nevertheless, the impact of gut microbiota on CP/CPPS still requires further elucidation.

Methods
Employing the summary statistics provided by the MiBioGen consortium, we executed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The study involved 18,340 participants and considered gut microbiota as the instrumental variable. Chronic prostatitis summary statistics, representing 500 cases and 208,308 controls, were extracted from the GWAS Catalog release data as the disease outcome. Various methods, including weighted inverse variance, MR-Egger and weighted median, were employed to assess how gut microbiota interact and correlate with CP/CPPS. Sensitivity analysis was used to eliminate heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.

Results
Our findings, primarily derived from the IVW approach, provided evidence for a causal link between five categories of gut microbiota and CP/CPPS. Resultantly, the genus Christensenellaceae (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.17–0.87, P = 0.02), genus Eisenbergiella (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.97, P = 0.04), genus Hungatella (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.28–0.85, P = 0.01) and genus Terrisporobacter (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.20–0.75, P = 0.00) exhibited a protective impact on CP/CPPS, while family Prevotellaceae (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.01–3.15, P = 0.05) had the opposite effect. No notable heterogeneity of instrumental variables or horizontal pleiotropy was detected.

Conclusions
The findings of this study, which used a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach, indicate a causal link between gut microbiota and CP/CPPS. This could be valuable in offering fresh perspectives for additional mechanistic and clinical investigations of microbiota-related CP/CPPS. Nevertheless, additional randomized controlled trials are necessary for validation.
Microsponges: a promising frontier for prolonged release-current perspectives and patents
Authors: Srinatha N. , Battu Sowjanya , Vishwanath B. A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Microsponges are one of the advanced drug delivery systems that facilitates precise and controlled release of active ingredients that are suitable for topical and oral use. These porous microspheres are typically sized between 5 and 300 μm, offer benefits including controlled release, stability, and minimized side effects. Manufacturing techniques like quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion and liquid–liquid suspension polymerization are usually employed to prepare microsponges, although various challenges arise from the use of potentially hazardous organic solvents.

Main body
Microsponges possess distinct traits such as extended drug release, formulation flexibility, and high drug loading capacity. Entrapment of drugs requires considerations of solubility, stability, and miscibility, while evaluation methods encompass production yield and particle size analysis. Their applications range from dermatological to biopharmaceutical delivery, with diverse products utilizing this technology. Ongoing innovations about microsponges are evident in patents concerning medical dressings and hyaluronic acid delivery systems.

Conclusion
Microsponges present a promising avenue in drug delivery, despite many challenges. Current review addresses on limitations and diverse products highlighting commercial viability. Patent activity signifies continued interest, suggesting significant potential for enhancing patient care.
Expanding the Global Capacity for Childhood Cancer Registration: The ChildGICR Masterclass
Authors: Moreira Daniel C. , Znaor Ariana , Santana Victor M. , Dolya Anastasia , Fox Irwin Leeanna , Bhakta Nickhill , Mery Les , Steliarova-Foucher Eva 
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE One determinant of the paucity of data on childhood cancer in low- and middle-income countries is the lack of capacity to register these cases. Combining expertise of the Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development (GICR) and St Jude Global, we developed a ChildGICR educational program to promote data production. METHODS We first conducted a needs assessment to identify priority educational topics. Then, we designed the ChildGICR Masterclass, in which individuals with the potential to lead pediatric cancer registration were supported to prepare standard educational material. The outcomes were evaluated using qualitative and quantitative measures. RESULTS On the basis of indications by 38 GICR collaborators, we identified seven topics relevant to childhood cancer: burden description, registration principles, tumor classification, tumor staging, data quality control, data analysis, and data use. The ChildGICR Masterclass was held online in 2021 over 12 weeks. The 22 nominated participants created presentations in working groups and during live sessions. They also designed future training courses tailored to the needs of their region. Nineteen participants viewed the course experience as excellent, and 20 would continue engagement in the ChildGICR training activities. The developed material was 89% useful according to the faculty of the three online end courses, taught to 88 participants in 16 countries in 2022 and 2023. Among the 75 responding participants, 72 agreed that the learning objectives were attained and 60 were keen to engage in childhood cancer registration activities. CONCLUSION The ChildGICR Masterclass participants laid the foundation for a network of trainers. Knowledge dissemination in childhood cancer registration is the first necessary step toward evidence-based cancer control. The ChildGICR Masterclass can serve as a model to design, plan, and implement educational programs for health care professionals.
A Tibetan Ceremony of State
Authors: MacCormack Ian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes the enthronement of the sixth Dalai Lama held in Lhasa, Tibet, in December 1697. The previous rebirth, the fifth Dalai Lama, became the first ruler of the central Tibetan regime founded in 1642. The enthronement of his successor lasted nearly one month. It combined assemblies, banquets, and private audiences, at which thousands of gifts were exchanged. It was attended by all the major parties with a stake in the Tibetan polity, including government officials, lay and clerical elites, and patrons from Mongolia and China. The article summarizes the proceedings and examines some salient social, material, and intellectual details. The author reflects on the importance of such ceremonial events for studying politics and religion in Tibet and suggests that the enthronement was an effort by the ruling authorities to present an ideal image of the state as they wished it to be perceived.
Inventing the Spring and Autumn Period
Authors: Wong Peter Tsung Kei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article proposes that the invention of the concept of Spring and Autumn (Chunqiu; ca. 722–481 BCE), the only Chinese historical period named after a text, was neither early nor inevitable. A diachronic analysis of the word chunqiu shows that it began to denote the Chunqiu period in late Western Han (ca. 48 BCE–9 CE). An eschatological prediction in the first century BCE was instrumental in generating this temporal sensibility. Many used the time frame of 242 years with 12 reigns from the Chunqiu, a canonical text purportedly composed by Confucius, to predict that the Han dynasty would soon come to an end. Wang Mang, who overthrew the Han and fulfilled the prophecy, intensified this sensibility. Just as the Western Han was born as a historical period, so was Chunqiu as its historical analogue. Subsequently, historians artificially extended the length of the former to align it with the latter. The emergence of Chunqiu is thus a story about how numerology shaped the interaction between visions of the future and of history, textuality, temporality, political action, classical studies, and historiography in ancient China. The telling of this story complicates our understanding of the history of periodization, a problematic yet essential practice that concerns every historian.
In Search of Vietnam's Comfort Women
Authors: Novak Royce 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Vietnam has long eluded the geography of comfort women studies, yet its status as the first Southeast Asian territory and the first European colony occupied by Japan makes it a vital missing link in understanding how the comfort women system was adapted to Southeast Asian contexts. Drawing on French and Dutch colonial archival materials, this article presents the first documentary evidence of the comfort women system in Vietnam, using an empirical approach to construct a chronology of the establishment and development of the system there. Providing a detailed chronology outlining how the system developed in Vietnam offers a point of comparison for understanding how the system developed in other territories occupied by the Japanese Empire. Furthermore, this article employs the analytical frames of race and gender, unpacking how the Japanese Empire's racial ideology and gender norms shaped, and were shaped by, the development of the comfort women system in a Southeast Asian context. This investigation of the comfort women system in Vietnam thus provides a framework for better understanding its subsequent implementation and development in Japanese-occupied Southeast Asia while calling attention to wartime atrocities in Vietnam that have gone largely unnoticed in historical scholarship and public memory.
Diffusion MRI Metrics Characterize Postoperative Clinical Outcomes After Surgery for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Zhang Justin K. , Javeed Saad , Greenberg Jacob K. , Yakdan Salim , Kaleem Muhammad I. , Botterbush Kathleen S. , Benedict Braeden , Dibble Christopher F. , Sun Peng , Sherrod Brandon , Dailey Andrew T. , Bisson Erica F. , Mahan Mark , Mazur Marcus , Song Sheng-Kwei , Ray Wilson Z. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Advanced diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) modeling, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI), may help guide rehabilitation strategies after surgical decompression for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Currently, however, postoperative DWI is difficult to interpret, owing to signal distortions from spinal instrumentation. Therefore, we examined the relationship between postoperative DTI/DBSI—extracted from the rostral C3 spinal level—and clinical outcome measures at 2-year follow-up after decompressive surgery for CSM.

METHODS:
Fifty patients with CSM underwent complete clinical and DWI evaluation—followed by DTI/DBSI analysis—at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Clinical outcomes included the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score and comprehensive patient-reported outcomes. DTI metrics included apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity. DBSI metrics evaluated white matter tracts through fractional anisotropy, fiber fraction, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity as well as extra-axonal pathology through restricted and nonrestricted fraction. Cross-sectional Spearman's correlations were used to compare postoperative DTI/DBSI metrics with clinical outcomes.

RESULTS:
Twenty-seven patients with CSM, including 15, 7, and 5 with mild, moderate, and severe disease, respectively, possessed complete baseline and postoperative DWI scans. At 2-year follow-up, there were 10 significant correlations among postoperative DBSI metrics and postoperative clinical outcomes compared with 3 among postoperative DTI metrics. Of the 13 significant correlations, 7 involved the neck disability index (NDI). The strongest relationships were between DBSI axial diffusivity and NDI (r = 0.60, P < .001), DBSI fiber fraction and NDI (rs = −0.58, P < .001), and DBSI restricted fraction and NDI (rs = 0.56, P < .001). The weakest correlation was between DTI apparent diffusion coefficient and NDI (r = 0.35, P = .02).

CONCLUSION:
Quantitative measures of spinal cord microstructure after surgery correlate with postoperative neurofunctional status, quality of life, and pain/disability at 2 years after decompressive surgery for CSM. In particular, DBSI metrics may serve as meaningful biomarkers for postoperative disease severity for patients with CSM.
Warming, stochastic diel thermal fluctuations affect physiological performance and gill plasticity in an amphibious mangrove fish
Authors: Brown Sarah , Rivard Gabrielle R. , Gibson Glenys , Currie Suzanne 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Natural temperature variation in many marine ecosystems is stochastic and unpredictable, and climate change models indicate that this thermal irregularity is likely to increase. Temperature acclimation may be more challenging when conditions are highly variable and stochastic, and there is a need for empirical physiological data in these thermal environments. Using the hermaphroditic, amphibious mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus), we hypothesized that compared with regular, warming diel thermal fluctuations, stochastic warm fluctuations would negatively affect physiological performance. To test this, we acclimated fish to: (1) non-stochastic and (2) stochastic thermal fluctuations with a similar thermal load (27−35°C), and (3) a stable/consistent control temperature at the low end of the cycle (27°C). We determined that fecundity was reduced in both cycles, with reproduction ceasing in stochastic thermal environments. Fish acclimated to non-stochastic thermal cycles had growth rates lower than those of control fish. Exposure to warm, fluctuating cycles did not affect emersion temperature, and only regular diel cycles modestly increased critical thermal tolerance. We predicted that warm diel cycling temperatures would increase gill surface area. Notably, fish acclimated to either thermal cycle had a reduced gill surface area and increased intralamellar cell mass when compared with control fish. This decreased gill surface area with warming contrasts with what is observed for exclusively aquatic fish and suggests a preparatory gill response for emersion in these amphibious fish. Collectively, our data reveal the importance of considering stochastic thermal variability when studying the effects of temperature on fishes.
Supporting Manufacturing Process Changes with an Innovative Microscopy Method
Authors: Jennings Jessica , Cannon Melissa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Bakelite Chemicals LLC has developed an innovative microscopy technique to view adhesives “in use.” The cornerstone of the method is based on sample preparation. Samples of a composite wood product are sanded to a highly polished surface using a progression of sandpaper grits from lowest to highest. This preparation technique differs significantly from historical preparation techniques, which rely on soaking or embedding samples followed by thin-section creation using a microtome. The wet preparation technique causes wood cells compressed during production of the composite to swell and change how the adhesive is seen within those cells. The addition of water to the sample can also move uncured adhesive around the bond line. These changes can significantly alter the interpretation of how the adhesive performs during the manufacturing process. The new preparation technique combined with standard fluorescence microscopy has provided a groundbreaking and accessible ability to understand how an adhesive responds to process changes in manufacturing. Improving the understanding of the dynamic relationship between the adhesive and manufacturing processes will be crucial in helping the wood products industry take advantage of the rapid improvements in processing technology.
Few-mode squeezing in type-I parametric downconversion by complete group velocity matching
Authors: Horoshko Dmitri B. , Kolobov Mikhail I. , Parigi Valentina , Treps Nicolas 
Published: June 2024

Frequency-degenerate pulsed type-I parametric downconversion is a
widely used source of squeezed light for numerous quantum optical
applications. However, this source is typically spectrally multimode,
and the generated squeezing is distributed between many spectral modes
with a limited degree of squeezing per mode. We show that in a
nonlinear crystal, where the condition of complete group velocity
matching (GVM) for the pump and the signal is satisfied, the number of
generated modes may be as low as two or three modes. We illustrate the
general theory with the example of the MgO-doped lithium niobate
crystal pumped at 775 nm and generating squeezed light at 1.55 µm. Our
model includes the derivation of the degree of squeezing from the
properties of the pump and the crystal and shows that 12 dB of
squeezing can be obtained in a periodically poled crystal at a
length of 80 mm.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of compassion fatigue among healthcare professionals before and during COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kabunga Amir , Kigongo Eustes , Tumwesigye Raymond , Udho Samson , Musinguzi Marvin , Acup Walter , Auma Anna Grace , Akello Anne Ruth , Okalo Ponsiano , Nabaziwa Jannat , Shikanga Enos Mwirotsi 
Published: June 2024

Compassion fatigue is a significant concern globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing challenges, placing unprecedented strain on healthcare professionals. This study systematically estimated the prevalence of compassion fatigue among healthcare professionals before and during COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review was conducted using keywords in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and grey literature, covering all literature published between 2012 and December 30, 2023. The search team independently conducted study selection, quality assessments, data extractions, and analysis of all included studies. The systematic review, reported following PRISMA guidelines, included 11 studies. The results show that the pooled overall prevalence of compassion fatigue in Sub-Saharan Africa was 70% (95% CI: 57–82, I2 = 88.37%). The highest prevalence was found in Eastern Africa at 74% (95% CI: 55–93, I2 = 94.40%), compared to 64% in Southern Africa (95% CI: 49–79, I2 = 59.01%). Nurses reported the highest rates of compassion fatigue at 80% (95% CI: 57–100, I2 = 34.77%), followed by general healthcare professionals at 59% (95% CI: 22–97, I2 = 94.11%) and nursing students at 50% (95% CI: 35–64, I2 = 0.00%). Before COVID-19, the overall prevalence of compassion fatigue was 66% (95% CI: 41–91, I2 = 27%). During COVID-19, this increased to 74% (95% CI: 63–85, I2 = 88.73%). Our results indicate that nearly 3 in 4 healthcare professionals in Sub-Saharan Africa experience compassion fatigue, and this prevalence increased due to the pandemic. The high prevalence underscores the importance of addressing and mitigating compassion fatigue to support the mental health and emotional well-being of healthcare professionals dedicated to helping others in challenging circumstances.
Systematic registration: PROSPERO. REG No: CRD42023449462.
Neglected etiologies of prolonged febrile illnesses in tropical and subtropical regions: A systematic review
Authors: Musumeci Stefano , Kruse Alexandra , Chappuis François , Ostergaard Jensen Tomas , Alcoba Gabriel 
Published: June 2024

Background
Febrile illnesses that persist despite initial treatment are common clinical challenges in (sub)tropical low-resource settings. Our aim is to review infectious etiologies of “prolonged fevers” (persistent febrile illnesses, PFI) and to quantify relative contributions of selected neglected target diseases with limited diagnostic options, often overlooked, causing inadequate antibiotic prescriptions, or requiring prolonged and potentially toxic treatments.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of articles addressing the infectious etiologies of PFI in adults and children in sub-/tropical low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) using the PRISMA guidelines. A list of target diseases, including neglected parasites and zoonotic bacteria (e.g., Leishmania and Brucella), were identified by infectious diseases and tropical medicine specialists and prioritized in the search. Malaria and tuberculosis (TB) were not included as target diseases due to well-established epidemiology and diagnostic options. Four co-investigators independently extracted data from the identified articles while assessing for risk of bias.

Results
196 articles from 52 countries were included, 117 from Africa (33 countries), 71 from Asia (16 countries), and 8 from Central and -South America (3 countries). Target diseases were reported as the cause of PFI in almost half of the articles, most frequently rickettsioses (including scrub typhus), relapsing fever borreliosis (RF-borreliosis), brucellosis, enteric fever, leptospirosis, Q fever and leishmaniasis. Among those, RF-borreliosis was by far the most frequently reported disease in Africa, particularly in Eastern Africa. Rickettsioses (including scrub typhus) were often described in both Africa and Asia. Leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis and amoebiasis were the most frequent parasitic etiologies. Non-target diseases and non-tropical organisms (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp) were documented in a fifth of articles.

Conclusions
Clinicians faced with PFI in sub-/tropical LMICs should consider a wide differential diagnosis including enteric fever and zoonotic bacterial diseases (e.g., rickettsiosis, RF-borreliosis and brucellosis), or parasite infections (e.g., leishmaniasis) depending on geography and syndromes. In the absence of adequate diagnostic capacity, a trial of antibiotics targeting relevant intra-cellular bacteria, such as doxycycline or azithromycin, may be considered.