bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eco art on prescription
Authors: Baker David , Ley Ann , Alexander Justine , Beer Anne 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThis article reports an evaluation of the effect of Eco Art on Prescription courses on the wellbeing of 39 participants.Design/methodology/approachParticipants with experience of mild to moderate depression, stress or anxiety took part in one of three ten‐week art courses held in North Devon. The courses were themed to the local environment and carefully tailored to meet the needs of the targeted participants by providing a safe, supportive and affirming experience. Students completed a validated wellbeing scale at the start and end of each course, when qualitative data were also gathered. All data were analysed by an independent evaluator.FindingsAttendance over the sessions was extremely high at 91 per cent. Results indicate a significant increase in wellbeing scores from the start (M=2.59, SD=0.82), to the end of the courses (M=3.26, SD=0.79), t(26)=−6.74, p=0.0001. Independent observation of a sample of sessions revealed a group of people totally absorbed in what they were doing. There was a relaxed, friendly atmosphere with developing social relationships amongst the students. Key themes from students' qualitative feedback were sheer enjoyment, educational benefits and increased confidence, both artistically and socially.Originality/valueThis small project adds to an accumulating body of knowledge, both locally and nationally, indicating the potential of art to improve wellbeing, promote social networks, and to even transform the lives of individuals recovering from mental distress.
“Staging the past, enacting the present”
Authors: Conway Tony , Leighton Debra 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThis paper seeks to investigate experiential marketing as a potential strategy for cultural attractions operating in a highly competitive leisure marketplace.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines the relevance of the experiential approach for the UK arts and cultural sector with its multiple stakeholders and innate tensions between commercial objectives and curatorial/artistic goals, between visitor access and preservation and between scholarship and entertainment.FindingsExperiential marketing is evaluated as a means by which organizations in the arts and cultural sector can capture uncontended market space while satisfying the wants and expectations of an increasingly discerning visitor. The analytical basis for the evaluation is provided through comparative case studies – one from the heritage sector and one from the performing arts.Originality/valueThe experiential approach is considered and the findings applied to a conceptual model, with a view to offering proposals for the dissemination of best practice and identifying directions for further research.
Defining market approaches in cultural organizations: an analysis of Italian theatres
Authors: Guercini Simone , Ranfagni Silvia 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the emergent role of market in cultural enterprises.Design/methodology/approachThe authors consider market as network and identify the role of the interaction process with a special focus on theatre organizations.FindingsThe interactions are examined on the basis of relationship models, distinguishing for each of them the progressive changes in their structural components (actors, activities and resources) and the outcomes (economic, artistic, social) produced.Originality/valueThe value of the study is to identify market representation by theatre organizations and to analyse their interactions with the market as a cumulative and continuous process.
BAR expressolog identification: expression profile similarity ranking of homologous genes in plant species
Authors: Patel Rohan V. , Nahal Hardeep K. , Breit Robert , Provart Nicholas J. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryLarge numbers of sequences are now readily available for many plant species, allowing easy identification of homologous genes. However, orthologous gene identification across multiple species is made difficult by evolutionary events such as whole‐genome or segmental duplications. Several developmental atlases of gene expression have been produced in the past couple of years, and it may be possible to use these transcript abundance data to refine ortholog predictions. In this study, clusters of homologous genes between seven plant species – Arabidopsis, soybean, Medicago truncatula, poplar, barley, maize and rice – were identified. Following this, a pipeline to rank homologs within gene clusters by both sequence and expression profile similarity was devised by determining equivalent tissues between species, with the best expression profile match being termed the ‘expressolog’. Five electronic fluorescent pictograph (eFP) browsers were produced as part of this effort, to aid in visualization of gene expression data and to complement existing eFP browsers at the Bio‐Array Resource (BAR). Within the eFP browser framework, these expression profile similarity rankings were incorporated into an Expressolog Tree Viewer to allow cross‐species homolog browsing by both sequence and expression pattern similarity. Global analyses showed that orthologs with the highest sequence similarity do not necessarily exhibit the highest expression pattern similarity. Other orthologs may show different expression patterns, indicating that such genes may require re‐annotation or more specific annotation. Ultimately, it is envisaged that this pipeline will aid in improvement of the functional annotation of genes and translational plant research.
Decadal trends in abundance, size and condition of Antarctic toothfish in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, 1972–2011
Authors: Ainley David G , Nur Nadav , Eastman Joseph T , Ballard Grant , Parkinson Claire L , Evans Clive W , DeVries Arthur L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe report the analyses of a dataset spanning 39 years of near‐annual fishing for Dissostichus mawsoni in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, 1972–2011. Data on total length, condition and catch per unit effort (CPUE) were derived from the > 5500 fish caught, the large majority of which were measured, tagged and released. Contrary to expectation, the length frequency of the McMurdo Sound catch was dominated by fish in the upper two‐thirds of the overall distribution exhibited in the industrial catch for the Ross Sea shelf. Fish length and condition increased from the early 1970s to the early 1990s and then decreased. Fish length positively correlated with Ross Sea ice extent in early spring, a relationship possibly caused by more ice encouraging larger fish to move farther south over the shelf and into the study area. Fish condition positively correlated with the amount of open water in the Ross Sea during the previous summer (Feb), perhaps reflecting greater availability of prey with the higher productivity that more open water brings. Decreasing fish size corresponds to the onset of the fishery, which targets the large individuals. CPUE was constant through 2001 and then decreased dramatically. We hypothesize that this decrease is related to the industrial fishery, which began in the 1996–97 austral summer, and concentrates effort over the ice‐free Ross Sea continental slope. As a result of limited prey choices and close coupling among mesopredators of the region, Antarctic toothfish included, the fishery appears to be dramatically altering the trophic structure of the Ross Sea.
The aged microenvironment contributes to the age‐related functional defects of CD4 T cells in mice
Authors: Lefebvre Julie S. , Maue Alexander C. , Eaton Sheri M. , Lanthier Paula A. , Tighe Michael , Haynes Laura 
Published: May 2012

SummaryCD4 T cells, and especially T follicular helper cells, are critical for the generation of a robust humoral response to an infection or vaccination. Importantly, immunosenescence affects CD4 T‐cell function, and the accumulation of intrinsic defects decreases the cognate helper functions of these cells. However, much less is known about the contribution of the aged microenvironment to this impaired CD4 T‐cell response. In this study, we have employed a preclinical model to determine whether the aged environment contributes to the defects in CD4 T‐cell functions with aging. Using an adoptive transfer model in mice, we demonstrate for the first time that the aged microenvironment negatively impacts at least three steps of the CD4 T‐cell response to antigenic stimulation. First, the recruitment of CD4 T cells to the spleen is reduced in aged compared to young hosts, which correlates with dysregulated chemokine expression in the aged organ. Second, the priming of CD4 T cells by DCs is reduced in aged compared to young mice. Finally, naïve CD4 T cells show a reduced transition to a T follicular helper cell phenotype in the aged environment, which impairs the subsequent generation of germinal centers. These studies have provided new insights into how aging impacts the immune system and how these changes influence the development of immunity to infections or vaccinations.
Mitral Isthmus Ablation Using Steerable Sheath and High Ablation Power: A Single Center Experience
Authors: WONG KELVIN C. K. , QURESHI NORMAN , JONES MICHAEL , RAJAPPAN KIM , BASHIR YAVER , BETTS TIMOTHY R. 
Published: May 2012

Case Series of Mitral Isthmus Ablation. Background: Mitral isthmus ablation is challenging. The use of steerable sheath and high ablation power may improve success rate.Methods: This single‐center, prospective study enrolled 200 patients who underwent ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), including mitral isthmus ablation. Mitral isthmus ablation was performed using an irrigated ablation catheter via a steerable sheath (endocardium: maximum power: 40/50 W limited to annular end, maximum temperature: 48 °C; coronary sinus [CS]: maximum power: 25/30 W, maximum temperature: 48 °C). Endpoint was bidirectional mitral isthmus block.Results: Mitral isthmus block was acutely achieved in 182/200 patients (91%). Sixty‐nine percent of patients required CS ablation. Mean total ablation time was 13 ± 6 minutes. There was 1 case of acute circumflex artery occlusion. Mean left atrium (LA) diameter was significantly bigger in patients with unsuccessful mitral isthmus ablation (49 ± 4 mm vs. 43 ± 6 mm; P = 0.0007). In redo procedures, the incidence of reconduction at the mitral isthmus, roof and cavotricuspid isthmus was 44%, 37%, and 29%, respectively. Overall incidence of perimitral flutter was 9%. Prior complex fractionated atrial electrogram ablation was a predictor for microreentrant atrial tachycardia (AT) whereas gaps in linear lesions predicted macroreentrant flutters. After a mean follow‐up of 20 ± 9 months, 73% of patients remained free from AF or AT.Conclusion: We reported on a series of mitral isthmus ablation using steerable sheath and high ablation power (50 W). Larger LA diameter was a predictor of failure to achieve mitral isthmus block. The mitral isthmus had a moderately high incidence of re‐conduction but was only associated with a relatively low incidence of perimitral flutter. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 1193–1200, November 2012)
A Novel Missense Mutation Causing a G487R Substitution in the S2–S3 Loop of Human ether‐à‐go‐go‐Related Gene Channel
Authors: KINOSHITA KOSHI , YAMAGUCHI YOSHIAKI , NISHIDE KOHKI , KIMOTO KATSUYA , NONOBE YUKI , FUJITA AKIRA , ASANO KENTA , TABATA TOSHIHIDE , MORI HISASHI , INOUE HIROSHI , HATA YUKIKO , FUKUROTANI KENKICHI , NISHIDA NAOKI 
Published: May 2012

hERG(G487R) Channel. Introduction: Mutations of human ether‐à‐go‐go‐related gene (hERG), which encodes a cardiac K+ channel responsible for the acceleration of the repolarizing phase of an action potential and the prevention of premature action potential regeneration, often cause severe arrhythmic disorders. We found a novel missense mutation of hERG that results in a G487R substitution in the S2–S3 loop of the channel subunit [hERG(G487R)] from a family and determined whether this mutant gene could induce an abnormality in channel function.Methods and Results: We made whole‐cell voltage‐clamp recordings from HEK‐293T cells transfected with wild‐type hERG [hERG(WT)], hERG(G487R), or both. We measured hERG channel‐mediated current as the “tail” of a depolarization‐elicited current. The current density of the tail current and its voltage‐ and time‐dependences were not different among all the cell groups. The time‐courses of deactivation, inactivation, and recovery from inactivation and their voltage‐dependences were not different among all the cell groups. Furthermore, we performed immunocytochemical analysis using an anti‐hERG subunit antibody. The ratio of the immunoreactivity of the plasma membrane to that of the cytoplasm was not different between cells transfected with hERG(WT), hERG(G487R), or both.Conclusion: hERG(G487R) can produce functional channels with normal gating kinetics and cell‐surface expression efficiency with or without the aid of hERG(WT). Therefore, neither the heterozygous nor homozygous inheritance of hERG(G487R) is thought to cause severe cardiac disorders. hERG(G487R) would be a candidate for a rare variant or polymorphism of hERG with an amino acid substitution in the unusual region of the channel subunit. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 1246–1253, November 2012)
Socio‐demographic and behavioural inequalities in the impact of dental pain among adults: a population‐based study
Authors: Constante Helena M. , Bastos João L. , Peres Karen G. , Peres Marco A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo assess socio‐demographic and behavioural inequalities in the impact of dental pain on daily activities, as well as to estimate the prevalence and intensity of dental pain.MethodsA population‐based cross‐sectional study was carried out in Florianopolis, Southern Brazil, with 1720 adults aged 20–59 years in 2009–2010. Interviews were performed at adults' households, which included socio‐demographics and behavioural characteristics, such as smoking status and alcohol abuse, along with mental health, self‐reported health, number of retained teeth, dental pain occurrence (including its intensity and its impact on daily life). The association between the impact of dental pain and the covariates was tested using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsThe global prevalence of dental pain was 14.8% (95% CI, 12.9–16.7). Adjusted analysis showed that women, those who self‐classified as dark‐skinned Blacks, those with low family income, current smokers and those with common mental disorders reported a higher impact of dental pain than their counterparts. Among subjects reporting dental pain, 12.7% indicated the maximum intensity, whereas 6.0% had some daily activity disrupted by it, such as difficulties in chewing certain foods (38.0%), sleep disturbance (21.0%), difficulty to work (21.0%) and difficulty in performing household tasks (8.0%). Prevalence ratios of impact of dental pain between the poorest income group and richest income group (2.4), between the highest and lowest schooling group (2.6), and between dark‐skinned Blacks and Whites (2.1) were of higher magnitude than the dental pain prevalence ratios among the same groups (1.7, 1.3 and 1.4, respectively).ConclusionsThe impact of dental pain showed a social gradient. Inequalities between socio‐economic groups found in this study should be taken into account, as the impact of dental pain leads to reduced daily activities and poor quality of life.
Interaction of Liposomal Formulations of Meta‐tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (Temoporfin) with Serum Proteins: Protein Binding and Liposome Destruction
Authors: Reshetov Vadzim , Zorin Vladimir , Siupa Agnieszka , D’Hallewin Marie‐Ange , Guillemin François , Bezdetnaya Lina 
Published: May 2012

AbstractmTHPC is a non polar photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy. To improve its solubility and pharmacokinetic properties, liposomes were proposed as drug carriers. Binding of liposomal mTHPC to serum proteins and stability of drug carriers in serum are of major importance for PDT efficacy; however, neither was reported before. We studied drug binding to human serum proteins using size‐exclusion chromatography. Liposomes destruction in human serum was measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Inclusion of mTHPC into conventional (Foslip®) and PEGylated (Fospeg®) liposomes does not affect equilibrium serum protein binding compared with solvent‐based mTHPC. At short incubation times the redistribution of mTHPC from Foslip® and Fospeg® proceeds by both drug release and liposomes destruction. At longer incubation times, the drug redistributes only by release. The release of mTHPC from PEGylated vesicles is delayed compared with conventional liposomes, alongside with greatly decreased liposomes destruction. Thus, for long‐circulation times the pharmacokinetic behavior of Fospeg® could be influenced by a combination of protein‐ and liposome‐bound drug. The study highlights the modes of interaction of photosensitizer‐loaded nanovesicles in serum to predict optimal drug delivery and behavior in vivo in preclinical models, as well as the novel application of NTA to assess the destruction of liposomes.
The Acyl Homoserine Lactone Receptor, SdiA, of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Does Not Respond to Indole
Authors: Sabag-Daigle Anice , Soares Jitesh A. , Smith Jenée N. , Elmasry Mohamed E. , Ahmer Brian M. M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the SdiA proteins of
Escherichia coli
and
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium respond to indole. While indole was found to have effects on gene expression and biofilm formation, these effects were not
sdiA
dependent. However, high concentrations of indole did inhibit
N
-acyl-
l
-homoserine lactone (AHL) sensing by SdiA. We conclude that SdiA does not respond to indole but indole can inhibit SdiA activity in
E. coli
and
Salmonella
.
Development of a Tightly Regulatable Copper-Mediated Gene Switch System in Dermatophytes
Authors: Iwata Atsushi , Alshahni Mohamed Mahdi , Nishiyama Yayoi , Makimura Koichi , Abe Shigeru , Yamada Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Targeted gene deletion is now available for molecular genetic research of dermatophytes, and the physiological roles of several genes have been elucidated. However, this method cannot be applied to essential genes, which can be potential drug targets. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a conditional gene knockdown system using a copper-responsive promoter. The promoter sequence of the copper transporter gene
CTR4
(P

CTR4

) and that of the copper efflux pump gene
CRP1
(P

CRP1

) derived from
Trichophyton rubrum
were examined for their response to copper in
Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii
. P

CTR4

was demonstrated to repress expression of a reporter gene in the presence of copper, while the activity of P

CRP1

was induced by addition of copper. Importantly, P

CTR4

regulated the gene expression more tightly. Furthermore, when P

CTR4

was applied to regulate the expression of the endogenous genes
ERG1
and
TRP5
, their conditional mutants exhibited decreased growth activity under the repressive conditions. These results suggest that the P

CTR4

-based gene regulation system represents a powerful tool for identification and characterization of a broad range of genes, including essential genes, in dermatophytes.
Influence of Cofermentation by Amylolytic Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis Strains on the Fermentation Process and Rheology of Sorghum Porridge
Authors: Mukisa Ivan M. , Byaruhanga Yusuf B. , Muyanja Charles M. B. K. , Aijuka Matthew , Schüller Reidar B. , Sahlstrøm Stefan , Langsrud Thor , Narvhus Judith A. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Amylolytic lactic acid bacteria (ALAB) can potentially replace malt in reducing the viscosity of starchy porridges. However, the drawback of using ALAB is their low and delayed amylolytic activity. This necessitates searching for efficient ALAB and strategies to improve their amylolytic activity. Two ALAB,
Lactobacillus plantarum
MNC 21 and
Lactococcus lactis
MNC 24, isolated from
Obushera
, were used to ferment starches in MRS broth: sorghum, millet, sweet potato, and commercial soluble starch. The amylolytic activity of MNC 21 was comparable to that of the ALAB collection strain
Lb. plantarum
A6, while that of MNC 24 was extremely low. MNC 21, MNC 24, and their coculture were compared to A6 and sorghum malt for ability to ferment and reduce the viscosity of sorghum porridge (11.6% dry matter). ALAB and the coculture lowered the pH from 6.2 to <4.5 within 12 h, while malt as a carrier of wild starter took about 20 h. Coculturing increased lactic acid yield by 46% and 76.8% compared to the yields of MNC 21 and MNC 24 monocultures, respectively. The coculture accumulated significantly larger (
P
< 0.05) amounts of maltose and diacetyl than the monocultures. Sorghum malt control and the coculture hydrolyzed more starch in sorghum porridge than the monocultures. The coculture initiated changes in the rheological parameters storage modulus (
G
′), loss modulus (
G
″), phase angle (δ), and complex viscosity (η*) earlier than its constituent monocultures. The shear viscosity of sorghum porridge was reduced significantly (
P
< 0.05) from 1950 cP to 110 cP (malt), 281 cP (coculture), 382 cP (MNC 21), 713 cP (MNC 24), and 722 cP (A6). Coculturing strong ALAB with weak ALAB or non-ALAB can be exploited for preparation of nutrient-dense weaning foods and increasing lactic acid yield from starchy materials.
The HU Protein Is Important for Apicoplast Genome Maintenance and Inheritance in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Reiff Sarah B. , Vaishnava Shipra , Striepen Boris 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

The apicoplast, a chloroplast-like organelle, is an essential cellular component of most apicomplexan parasites, including
Plasmodium
and
Toxoplasma
. The apicoplast maintains its own genome, a 35-kb DNA molecule that largely encodes proteins required for organellar transcription and translation. Interference with apicoplast genome maintenance and function is a validated target for drug therapy for malaria and toxoplasmosis. However, the many proteins required for genome maintenance and inheritance remain largely unstudied. Here we genetically characterize a nucleus-encoded homolog to the bacterial HU protein in
Toxoplasma gondii
. In bacteria, HU is a DNA-binding structural protein with fundamental roles in transcription, replication initiation, and DNA repair. Immunofluorescence assays reveal that in
T. gondii
this protein localizes to the apicoplast. We have found that the HU protein from
Toxoplasma
can successfully complement bacterial Δ
hupA
mutants, supporting a similar function. We were able to construct a genetic knockout of
HU
in
Toxoplasma
. This Δ
hu
mutant is barely viable and exhibits significant growth retardation. Upon further analysis of the mutant phenotype, we find that this mutant has a dramatically reduced apicoplast genome copy number and, furthermore, suffers defects in the segregation of the apicoplast organelle. Our findings not only show that the HU protein is important for
Toxoplasma
cell biology but also demonstrate the importance of the apicoplast genome in the biogenesis of the organelle.