bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of over‐the‐counter analgesics and perceived stress among 25–44‐year olds
Authors: Koushede Vibeke , Holstein Bjørn E. , Andersen Anette , Ekholm Ola , Hansen Ebba Holme 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPurposeTo examine the association between perceived stress and use of over‐the‐counter analgesics in a representative sample of 25–44‐year old adults, and to examine the association across various socio‐demographic strata. Furthermore, to examine whether an association between perceived stress and use of over‐the‐counter analgesics attenuates when controlled by potential stress‐related pain and discomfort.MethodsNational representative cross‐sectional study in Denmark. The study population consisted of men and women aged 25–44 years, n = 4739. The survey was conducted by face‐to‐face interviews. The outcome measure was use of over‐the‐counter analgesics (OTCA). The independent variable was perceived stress. Demographic variables and pain and discomfort symptoms were included as covariates.ResultsAnalyses stratified by socio‐demographic factors (gender, education, cohabiting status and whether or not the respondents had children) all showed a significant and graded association between stress and OTCA use. The odds for OTCA use mounted with increasing stress. In analyses adjusted for socio‐demographic variables and pain or discomfort the association between stress and OTCA use attenuated somewhat, but remained significant and graded. The crude odds ratio (OR) for OTCA use was 1.36 (1.19–1.55) among participants who sometimes felt stress, and 1.91 (1.58–2.30) among participants who often felt stress, compared to participants without stress.ConclusionThere was a significant and graded association between perceived stress and OTCA use. The association was robust across all the examined socio‐demographic strata and could not be explained by potential stress‐related pain and discomfort. The results indicate that OTCA are used inappropriately to treat feelings of stress. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations of treatment resisting (Type R) and treatment seeking (Type S) personalities in medical students
Authors: Gardiner Catherine , Tsukagoshi Sonia , Nur Ula , Tyrer Peter 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMost people with personality pathology do not seek help for treatment. This has been formally recognized in the descriptions of treatment resisting (Type R) and treatment seeking (Type S) personalities, but the distribution of these in non‐clinical populations is not known. The associations of Type R and Type S were examined in relationship to personality status using the NEO‐FFI questionnaire and the Schedule for Non‐adaptive and Adaptive Personalities (SNAP) in an unselected population of medical students. One hundred forty‐seven students completed the questionnaires and 60 completed the SNAP interview. Nineteen (13%) of the sample were classified as Type S personalities, the remainder were Type R. Seven (12%) of the sample who completed the SNAP had a personality disorder, three with depressive, three with antisocial and one with obsessive–compulsive personality disorder, and all of these were Type R personalities. Type S personalities had significantly higher scores for neuroticism on the NEO‐FFI (p < 0.002) and showed high correlations with borderline personality traits (r = 0.42), but were negatively associated with antisocial (r = −0.24), histrionic (−0.13) or narcissistic (r = −0.11) personality traits. In this population only a minority of people, those with borderline personality traits and high neuroticism scores, are amenable to interventions aimed at personality change. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Slightly modifying pseudoproline dipeptides incorporation strategy enables solid phase synthesis of a 54 AA fragment of caveolin‐1 encompassing the intramembrane domain
Authors: Coïc Yves‐Marie , Lan Charlotte Le , Neumann Jean‐Michel , Jamin Nadège , Baleux Françoise 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis work contributes to highlight the benefits of pseudoproline dipeptides introduction in difficult SPPS. We show how a slight modification in the positioning choice conditioned the synthesis achievement of a 54 amino acid long caveolin‐1 peptide encompassing the intramembrane domain. Furthermore, we report a side reaction correlated with the coupling steps and generating truncated fragments with a mass deviation of + 42 Da. Considering the need of structural data for membrane proteins, most of which are considered as prevalent therapeutic targets, chemical synthesis provides an interesting alternative pathway to obtain hydrophobic domains by pushing back the frontiers of conventional RP methods of purification. Copyright © 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
STM–STS investigation of vacuum annealed ZnO nanoribbons
Authors: Maffeis T. G. G. , Penny M. W. , Garbutt J. D. W. , Wilks S. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe present a scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM–STS) investigation of the effects of ultra high vacuum annealing and oxygen exposure onto ZnO nanoribbons synthesised by chemical vapour deposition. STM imaging revealed a width to height ratio for the nanoribbons between 2:1 and 3:1 and average width and height of 90 and 40 nm, respectively. Imaging before annealing showed the presence of surface contaminants, which were removed after annealing at 800 °C. Analysis of the STS data before annealing shows n‐type behaviour with a band gap of 3.4 eV and an upward band bending of 0.9 eV. Annealing up to 700 °C induced a reduction in surface band bending, towards a near flat band behaviour. After the 800 °C anneal the surface electronic properties were significantly altered, with a large increase of tunnelling current at negative sample bias leading to a narrowing of the apparent surface band gap and a mid gap Fermi level. This change was attributed to a loss of surface lattice oxygen and was found to be reversible upon O2 exposure at room temperature. The anneal/O2 exposure process could lead to a way of cleaning the ZnO nanoribbons without using ion bombardment techniques.
Measurement and analysis of temperature and pressure in high altitude air shipments
Authors: Singh S. P. , Singh J. , Stallings J. , Burgess G. , Saha K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study was performed (at the request of the FAA) to measure temperature and pressure conditions observed by standard packages in the FedEx ‘Next Day Air’ network and the environmental conditions of passenger aircrafts. To measure the single parcel environment, two destinations known to be served by non‐pressurized feeder and pressurized aircrafts in the USA, San Luis Obispo, California, and Twin Falls, Idaho, were used to represent higher altitude paths. Test packages (0.30 × 0.30 × 0.30 m) containing one MadgeTech PRTemp110 recorder were shipped Priority Overnight by FedEx from East Lansing, Michigan. For 6 weeks, two test packages were shipped to each destination. To measure the passenger aircraft environment, test packages (0.14 × 0.11 × 0.06 m) were both carried in the passenger cabin and checked with luggage. Results show temperature ranges, pressure drop rates, and maximum altitudes observed from 52 flights (17 feeder aircrafts) in the FedEx environment and from eight commercial passenger flights. This study compares these results with the ASTM D6653‐01 test procedure with respect to suggested test pressure, pressure change rate, temperature, and test duration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser effects in excitons in a quantum wire
Authors: Radhakrishnan N. , Peter A. John 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe investigate the effects of laser field intensity over the ground state binding energy of light and heavy hole excitons confined in GaAs/Ga1−xAlx As cylindrical quantum wire. We have applied the variational method using 1s‐hydrogenic wave functions, in the framework of the single band effective mass approximation with the spatial dielectric function. The polaronic effects are included in the calculation to compute the exciton binding energy as a function of the wire radius for different field of laser intensity. The valence‐band anisotropy is included in our theoretical model by using different hole masses in different spatial directions. The dressed laser donor binding energies are calculated and compared with the results of binding energy of excitons. The results show that (i) the binding energy is found to increase with decrease with the wire radius, and decrease with increase with the value of laser field amplitude, (ii) the heavy‐hole exciton in a cylindrical quantum wire is more strongly bound than the light‐hole exciton, (iii) the values of ground state binding energy for the laser field amplitude α0 = 10 Å resemble with the values of heavy hole exciton binding energy, and (iv) the binding energy of the impurity for the narrow well wire is more sensitive to the laser field amplitude. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Theoretical study on influence of ligand and solvent to CdS clusters
Authors: Xu Shuhong , Wang Chunlei , Cui Yiping 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBased on the experimental zinc blende and wurtzite structures of CdS nanocrystals, five new CdS clusters (Cd3S3, (Cd3S3)2, (Cd3S3)3, Cd4S4 with C2V, and Cd4S4 with TD symmetry) are investigated via optimization of their original structures at B3LYP/Lanl2dz theoretical level. Through considering integration influence of solvent and ligand, our calculated Raman and absorption spectra can be consistent with the reported experimental results. First, our calculated Raman peaks of Cd3S3, Cd4S4 (TD), (Cd3S3)2, and (Cd3S3)3 are within the range of 260–290 cm−1, which is also reported by experiment. Subsequently, for deep researching five clusters, the absorption spectra of them are calculated using time‐dependent DFT method. The wavelengths of the absorption peaks, which is calculated in solvent, increase in the order Cd3S3, Cd4S4 (TD), (Cd3S3)2, and (Cd3S3)3. Moreover, the wavelengths of absorption peaks shift to blue in solvent, compared with those without solvent. Furthermore, our clusters are smaller than the size of the smallest CdS nanocrystals, the calculated absorption spectra of five clusters in solvent show obvious blue shift than the wavelengths of absorption spectra of reported CdS nanocrystals. This is induced by the quantum size effect. Besides, we further investigated the influence of ligands to CdS unit in aqueous condition. Through structures and characters analysis of SCdSR, we discovered that ligands took important role during the formation of CdS nanocrystals in aqueous synthesis. Calculated results of spectra, bond length, and Wiberg bond index (WBI) values show that different ligands have similar influence on CdS unit. Moreover, using WBI values, we also confirm that Cd atom has stronger interaction with S in nanocrystals than that with S atom in ligand. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
A novel single‐electron sodium bond system of H3C···NaY (YH, OH, F, CCH, CN, and NC)
Authors: Li Zhi‐Feng , Zhu Yuan‐Cheng , Zuo Guo‐Fang , Tang Hui‐An , Li Hong‐Yü 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA novel single‐electron sodium bond system of H3C···NaH (I), H3C···NaOH(II), H3C···NaF(III), H3C···Na‐CCH(IV), H3C···NaCN (V) and H3C···NaNC (VI) complexes has been studied by using MP2/6‐311++G** and MP2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ methods for the first time. We demonstrated that the single‐electron sodium bond H3C···NaY formed between H3C and NaY (YH, OH, F, CCH, CN, and NC) could induce the NaY increased and stretching frequencies of I–IV and VI are red‐shifted, including the NaN bond in complex V is blue‐shifted abnormally. The interaction energies are calculated at two levels of theory [MP2, CCSD(T)] with different basis. The results shows that the strength of binding bond in group 2 (IV–VI) with π electrons are stronger than that of group 1 (I–III) without π electrons. For all complexes, the main orbital interactions between moieties H3C and NaY are LP1(C)→LP*1(Na). By comparisons with some related systems, it is concluded that the strength of single‐electron bond is increased in the order: hydrogen bond < bromine bond < sodium bond < lithium bond. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Enrichment, incorporation and oxidation of copper during anodising of aluminium–copper alloys
Authors: Curioni M. , Roeth F. , Garcia‐Vergara S. J. , Hashimoto T. , Skeldon P. , Thompson G. E. , Ferguson J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPorous anodic oxides generated on copper‐containing aluminium alloys are less regular than anodic oxides generated on pure aluminium. Specifically, a porous oxide morphology comprising layers of embryo pores, generated by a cyclic process of oxide film growth and oxygen evolution, is generally observed. In this work, the relation between the oxidation behaviour of copper during anodising and the specific porous oxide film morphology was investigated by electrochemical techniques, transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). It was found that the anodising potential determines the oxidation behaviour of copper, and the latter determines the porous oxide morphology. At low voltage, relatively straight pores with continuous cell walls were obtained on AlCu alloys, but selective oxidation of aluminium atoms resulted in the occlusion of copper‐containing metallic nanoparticles in the anodic film. At higher potentials, copper oxidation promoted oxygen evolution within the barrier layer, and generation of a less regular film morphology. RBS, performed on AlCu alloy specimens, revealed a high volume fraction of copper atoms in the anodic films generated at low potentials and a reduced amount of copper atoms in the anodic oxide films generated at high potentials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of the Bayesian dynamic survival model in medicine
Authors: He Jianghua , McGee Daniel L. , Niu Xufeng 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Bayesian dynamic survival model (BDSM), a time‐varying coefficient survival model from the Bayesian prospective, was proposed in early 1990s but has not been widely used or discussed. In this paper, we describe the model structure of the BDSM and introduce two estimation approaches for BDSMs: the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach and the linear Bayesian (LB) method. The MCMC approach estimates model parameters through sampling and is computationally intensive. With the newly developed geoadditive survival models and software BayesX, the BDSM is available for general applications. The LB approach is easier in terms of computations but it requires the prespecification of some unknown smoothing parameters. In a simulation study, we use the LB approach to show the effects of smoothing parameters on the performance of the BDSM and propose anad hocmethod for identifying appropriate values for those parameters. We also demonstrate the performance of the MCMC approach compared with the LB approach and a penalized partial likelihood method available in software R packages. A gastric cancer trial is utilized to illustrate the application of the BDSM. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA‐adducts in subjects exposed to urban air pollution by benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Cotonou, Benin
Authors: Ayi‐Fanou Lucie , Avogbe Patrice H. , Fayomi Benjamin , Keith Gerard , Hountondji Codjo , Creppy Edmond E. , Autrup Herman , Rihn Bertrand Henri , Sanni Ambaliou 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAir pollution effect on humans represents a major public health problem. Exposure to genotoxic compounds in the ambient air is evaluated using different biomarkers. In the present study we assessed DNA‐adducts levels in apparently healthy people living and working in the city of Cotonou (Benin) in which exposure to air pollutants such as benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mainly benzo(a)pyrene has been evidenced. Rural inhabitants were enrolled as control group. Taxi‐motorbike drivers, street food vendors, and gasoline salesmen were recruited in Cotonou whereas suburban residents were recruited in Godomey, 12 km from Cotonou. We found that taxi‐motorbike drivers, roadside residents, street vendors, taxi‐motor‐bike drivers and gasoline sellers had significantly higher levels of DNA‐adducts than suburban and village inhabitants (P < 0.001; post hoc, LSD). Means values were 24.6 ± 6.4, 23.78 ± 6.9, 34.7 ± 9.8, and 37.2 ± 8.1 in the exposed groups versus 2.1 ± 0.6 and 3.1 ± 0.8 adducts/108 nucleotides, in the two control groups, respectively. We did not find any significant difference within the high exposuregroups and inside low exposure subgroups (namely suburban residents and villagers) because the mean individual exposure values to both PAHs and benzene were similar among subjects exposed in the city of Cotonou and those in suburban and village areas. However, there is significant interindividual variations in adducts levels that may reflect variation of genetic susceptibility factors. Ranges of adduct level/108 nucleotides were: 1–69, 1–76, 3–169, 4–124, 0–9, 0–8 adducts/108 for taxi‐motorbike drivers, roadside residents, street vendors, gasoline sellers, suburban and village inhabitants, respectively. Our study demonstrated a clear‐cut elevated level of DNA adducts in city residents than in none exposed people (or very low exposure levels people) and designate these city residents groups as people at risks for the chronic diseases possibly caused by benzene and PAHs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 26: 93‐102, 2011.
The role of oxidative stress in Sudan IV‐induced DNA damage in human liver‐derived HepG2 cells
Authors: Zhang Yue , An Yu , Jiang Liping , Geng Chengyan , Cao Jun , Jiang Lijie , Zhong Laifu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives: We evaluated the role of oxidative stress in Sudan IV‐induced DNA damage, using human liver‐derived HepG2 cells. Methods: The DNA damaging effects of Sudan IV in HepG2 cells were evaluated by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay and micronucleus test (MNT). To clarify the underlying mechanisms, we monitored the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 2, 7‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay and the level of oxidative DNA damage by immunoperoxidase staining for 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG). Furthermore, the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was moderated by pretreatment with buthionine‐(S,R)‐sulfoximine (BSO), a specific GSH synthesis inhibitor. Results: A significant dose‐dependent increment in DNA migration was detected at all tested concentrations (25–100 μM) of Sudan IV. And in the MNT, a significant increase of the frequency of micronuclei was found at higher tested concentrations (50–100 μM). The data suggested that Sudan IV caused DNA strand breaks and chromosome breaks. In addition, significantly increased levels of ROS, 8‐OHdG formation were observed in HepG2 cells. It was also found that depletion of GSH in HepG2 cells with BSO dramatically increased the susceptibility of HepG2 cells to Sudan IV‐induced DNA damage. Conclusions: Based on these data we believe that Sudan IV exerts toxic effects in HepG2 cells, probably through oxidative DNA damage induced by intracellular ROS and depletion of GSH. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2011.
Diagnosis and management of vasa previa: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Ioannou C. , Wayne C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivesOur aim was to assess the current use of obstetric ultrasound imaging for the diagnosis of asymptomatic vasa previa. We also investigated obstetricians' views on the feasibility of a screening policy and their awareness of risk factors associated with this condition.MethodsA national postal survey was conducted between March and July 2006. A total of 234 questionnaires were sent to obstetric and fetomaternal consultants across England and Wales. In all, 128 questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 55%.ResultsMost respondents (85%) stated that in their hospital they do not report velamentous cord insertions at the anomaly scan. However, 73% occasionally or routinely document the presence of succenturiate lobes. Only 33% of respondents offered transvaginal scanning for the identification of vasa previa within their hospital, whereas only 6% had ever referred women to a tertiary center for this indication. In all, 34% of the respondents did not identify any risk factor for the condition. Most respondents (80%) would offer an elective Cesarean section if vasa previa was suspected antenatally; the majority would perform it at 38 weeks' gestation. However, only 20% of respondents felt that an effective screening policy is possible.ConclusionsDespite evidence that perinatal death can be prevented by antenatal diagnosis of vasa previa, most obstetricians in England and Wales feel that a screening policy is not possible. The majority of them would offer an elective Cesarean section for vasa previa at around 38 weeks. There is a need to increase awareness and understanding of the major risk factors for this condition. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iliac crest angle: a novel sonographic parameter for the prediction of Down syndrome risk during the second trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Lee W. , Balasubramaniam M. , Yeo L. , Hassan S. S. , Gotsch F. , Kusanovic J. P. , Gonçalves L. F. , Romero R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo validate a new sonographic technique for the display and measurement of fetal iliac crest angle (ICA), and to determine the relative contribution of standardized fetal pelvic measurements for estimating risk of Down syndrome during the second trimester of pregnancy.MethodsThree‐dimensional ultrasonography of the fetal pelvis was performed during a second‐trimester scan for genetic amniocentesis. A coronal view of the ‘virtual pelvis’ was obtained by applying a maximum intensity projection algorithm to visualize both iliac wings. Two different ICAs were measured from a coronal projection of the fetal pelvis (ICA‐coronal 1 and ICA‐coronal 2); the latter approach relied on using ischial tuberosities as reference landmarks. Next, a coronal projection of the fetal pelvis was rotated to demonstrate a rendered view of the axial fetal pelvis. Axial inner (ICA‐inner), middle (ICA‐middle) and outer (ICA‐outer) ICAs were measured. The maximum anterior iliac distance measurement was defined as the widest separation between the most anterior points of the rendered iliac crests. The reproducibility of each ICA method was analyzed using Bland–Altman statistics. Simple and multiple logistic regression analysis determined the relative contribution of each parameter as a prenatal predictor of Down syndrome.ResultsNinety‐four normal fetuses and 19 fetuses with Down syndrome were examined. The ICA‐middle and ICA‐coronal 2 parameters were the most reproducible angle measurements. The mean ± SD ICA‐middle measurement for fetuses with Down syndrome was significantly greater than that for normal subjects (94.5 ± 9.8° vs. 83.1 ± 6.5°; P < 0.001). The mean ± SD ICA‐coronal 2 angle measurement for fetuses with Down syndrome was slightly greater than that for normal subjects (57.9 ± 5.5° vs. 51.9 ± 7.1°; P = 0.0014). A multiple logistic regression model including ICA‐middle and ICA‐coronal 2 provided a predictive ability of 88.1% based on the area under the receiver–operating characteristics curve. This combination had a sensitivity of 94.4% for a false‐positive rate of 5% in the detection of Down syndrome.ConclusionsStandardized iliac crest measurements of the fetal pelvis can be used to identify some fetuses at risk for trisomy 21 during the second trimester of pregnancy. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.