bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigator respiratory‐triggered diffusion‐weighted imaging in the follow‐up after hepatic radiofrequency ablation—initial results
Authors: Schraml Christina , Schwenzer Nina F. , Clasen Stephan , Rempp Hans‐Joerg , Martirosian Petros , Claussen Claus D. , Pereira Philippe L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate diffusion alterations after hepatic radiofrequency (RF) ablation using a navigator respiratory‐triggered diffusion‐weighted imaging (NRT‐DWI) sequence with regard to potential diagnostic information for detection of local tumor progression (LTP).Materials and MethodsOne hundred forty‐eight consecutive follow‐up magnetic resonance (MR) examinations of 54 patients after hepatic RF ablation were reviewed. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of ablation zones and liver parenchyma were assessed using a single‐shot echoplanar imaging sequence with the NRT technique. ADC values of ablation zones and adjacent signal alterations identified in NRT‐DWI were analyzed with regard to LTP.ResultsMean ADC values of ablation zones (119.9 ± 30.5 × 10−5 mm2/sec) and liver (106.3 ± 21.2 × 10−5 mm2/sec) differed significantly (P = 0.0003). No evident changes in ablations' ADC values over time could be identified. ADC values obtained from the entire ablation zone did not significantly differ regarding the presence of LTP. In 58 examinations, hyperintense areas in the periphery of the ablation zone were detected on the NRT‐DWI. Corresponding ADC values were significantly lower in patients with LTP (102.1 ± 22.4 versus 130.8 ± 47.6 × 10−5 mm2/sec; P = 0.0124).ConclusionNRT‐DWI is useful in the follow‐up imaging after RF ablation. ADC‐based evaluation of signal alterations adjacent to the ablation zone may contribute to the identification of LTP and nontumoral posttreatment tissue changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of future climate change on terrestrial ecosystems in China
Authors: Wu Shaohong , Yin Yunhe , Zhao Dongsheng , Huang Mei , Shao Xuemei , Dai Erfu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe impact of future climate change on terrestrial ecosystem was projected by the atmospheric‐vegetation interaction model (AVIM2) over China at four warmer levels of 1, 2, 3 and 4 °C. Future climate data were projected by regional climate model from the Hadley Centre under Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) B2 scenario. The results show that, as projected temperature increases, the average net primary productivity (NPP) is likely to decrease in China as a whole. The Tibetan Plateau is the only ecoregion with increasing NPP as the climate becomes warmer. The terrestrial ecosystem NPP in China would be impacted as: 1 °C warmer, favourable or adverse impact on ecosystem would be equivalent with regional variation; 2 °C warmer, slight adverse impact would be significant; 3 °C warmer, moderate adverse impact would take priority and 4 °C warmer, moderate adverse impact regions would increase significantly. But overall, only a small part of the ecosystems are expected to be over moderately impacted. Areas impacted over moderately are likely to be enlarged in the same distributing pattern as temperature increases. The northwest arid region is expected to be the most vulnerable ecoregion. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Effect of garlic consumption on total antioxidant status and some biochemical and haematological parameters in blood of rats
Authors: Zamani Alireza , Ghiasvand Taibeh , Hadei Jafar , Babaahmadi‐Rezaei Hossein , Pishdadian Abbas 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effect of diet garlic supplementation on total antioxidant status (TAS), nitric oxide (NO) and routine biochemical and haematological parameters was investigated in blood of rats. A total of 30 male rats were divided equally into two groups. Each of 15 rats of treatment group was fed 600 mg kg−1 garlic solution in distilled water by gavage and controls only received distilled water. After garlic consumption for 1 month, blood serum total antioxidant, nitrate and some biochemical and haematological tests including serum lipids parameters, blood sugar, complete blood count (CBC), and haemoglobin were measured.RESULTS: The garlic treatment group showed significantly increase in the mean level of TAS from 0.77 ± 0.10 mol L−1 to 1.18 ± 0.11 mol L−1 (P < 0.01) and nitrate (a NO metabolite) from 0.78 ± 0.06 µmol L−1 to 1.44 ± 0.27 µmol L−1 (P < 0.05) in the blood sera of rats compared with the controls. There were no significant differences between the routine biochemical and haematological parameters.CONCLUSION: Garlic consumption should have antioxidant properties and may not affect the lipids profile and total blood cell counts. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Fate of Escherichia coli in apple and reduction of its growth using the postharvest biocontrol agent Candida sake CPA‐1
Authors: Abadias Maribel , Usall Josep , Alegre Isabel , Torres Rosario , Viñas Inmaculada 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Generally, acidic fruits and fruit juices are considered ‘safe’ from a microbiological point of view. However, some outbreaks of foodborne illnesses have been linked to the consumption of unpasteurised cider. The aim of this work was to study the survival of Escherichia coli in apple juice, wounds and flesh and on apple surfaces at different temperatures and to determine the effect of the fungal biocontrol agent Candida sake CPA‐1 against the colonisation of apple by E. coli.RESULTS: Trials were conducted with a mixture of five strains of E. coli isolated from apples. E. coli was unable to grow in apple juice at 5, 15 and 25 °C but survived. At 10 °C and above, E. coli thrived in fresh‐cut apple and wounds. At 5 °C it survived in apple wounds after 27 days of storage and after 21 days in fresh‐cut apples. When E. coli was inoculated in apple wounds together with the yeast antagonist C. sake, its growth was reduced by approximately 1 log cfu wound−1 at 25 °C. At 5 °C no effect of the biocontrol agent was observed.CONCLUSION: Despite the low pH of apple, a rapid increase in the bacterial population is possible if the temperature is not kept low enough. The biocontrol agent C. sake, developed to prevent fruit decay during storage, could also reduce E. coli growth in wounded apples at abusive temperatures. This would represent an additional benefit of using this biocontrol agent when applied to control postharvest diseases. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of salinity on the growth, yield and essential oils of turnip‐rooted and leaf parsley cultivated within the Mediterranean region
Authors: Petropoulos Spiridon A , Daferera Dimitra , Polissiou Moschos G , Passam Harold C 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Turnip‐rooted parsley, a field‐crop of northern Europe, has recently been introduced to the Mediterranean region for fresh consumption or production of essential oil. Because of soil salinity within this area, the sensitivity of turnip‐rooted and two other parsley subspecies (plain‐ and curly‐leafed) to salt was studied.RESULTS: NaCl or CaCl2 additions to the irrigation water raised the electrical conductivity (EC) in increments from 0.5 dS m−1 to 4.5 dS m−1 (year 1) or 6.0 dS m−1 (year 2), reducing parsley foliage weight in year 2, but increasing the root weight of turnip‐rooted parsley in year 1. Raising the EC with NaCl increased the yield of foliar essential oil from curly‐leafed parsley (both years), but not from the other cultivars. CaCl2 had less effect on oil yield. The relative concentrations of the principal aroma constituents (β‐phellandrene, myristicin, β‐myrcene and apiole) of the foliar essential oil were affected by NaCl or CaCl2 in a way that differed between cultivars. Oil yield from parsley roots was very low and apparently unaffected by salinity.CONCLUSION: All three parsley subspecies are moderately sensitive to salinity, but may be cultivated at <4.5 dS m−1 EC. Salinity may assist oil production by increasing oil yield (curly‐leafed parsley) and positively affecting certain aroma constituents. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Complications with forehead flaps in nasal reconstruction
Authors: Little Stewart C. , Hughley Brian B. , Park Stephen S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine what characteristics and comorbidities are associated with a higher rate of complications in patients undergoing nasal reconstruction with a forehead flap.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Chart review was completed on all patients undergoing nasal reconstruction with forehead flap from 1995 to 2008. Three pre‐existing comorbidities were tracked: diabetes, smoking, and vascular disease. Major complications (flap necrosis, nasal obstruction, alar notching) and minor adverse outcomes (partial nasal obstruction, epidermolysis, and alar asymmetry) were recorded.Results:Two hundred five patients with a median age of 66 years had forehead flap reconstruction between October 1995 and July 2008. Sixty‐two patients (30.2%) had full‐thickness defects. Forty‐eight patients (23.4%) were smokers, 17 (8.3%) were diabetics, and 90 (43.9%) fell into our category of vascular disease. Thirty‐three (16.1%) developed a major complication at some point in their postoperative course, with 11 (5.4%) having some degree of flap necrosis, 10 (4.9%) nasal obstruction, and 20 (9.8%) alar notching. Full‐thickness defects were significantly associated with higher incidences of any major complication, and had higher odds of flap necrosis and alar notching. Smokers had higher odds of developing flap necrosis. Neither the presence of diabetes, increased age, nor vascular disease was significantly associated with higher rates of major complications.Conclusions:Smokers with full‐thickness defects are shown to be at greater odds for developing a postoperative complication. Laryngoscope, 2009
Ameliorative effects of an augmented acoustic environment on age‐related hearing loss in middle‐aged Fischer 344/NHsd rats
Authors: Tanaka Chiemi , Bielefeld Eric C. , Chen Guang‐Di , Li Manna , Henderson Donald 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To investigate the effects of an augmented acoustic environment (AAE) on age‐related hearing loss (ARHL) and outer hair cell (OHC) pathology in middle‐aged Fischer 344/NHsd (F344/NHsd) rats.Methods:Eleven F344/NHsd rats were divided into two groups: 1) the AAE group (n = 5), which was exposed to 4–20 kHz broadband noise at 80 dB SPL for 12 h/d, 5 d/wk for 13 weeks starting from 16 months of age; and 2) the control group (n = 6), which did not receive the AAE during the same time span. Auditory brainstem response thresholds were obtained at different time points, and OHC pathology was examined after 13 weeks of AAE using propidium iodide and antiprestin antibody staining.Results:The AAE‐treated rats showed smaller mean threshold shifts (−1 to −3 dB) at 20–40 kHz than the control group (7.5–16.7 dB) at 13 weeks. No significant group differences were observed in the percentage of missing OHCs or abnormal OHC nuclei. However, examination of prestin in a pair of AAE and control rats revealed more uniform prestin staining intensity among OHCs in the AAE‐treated cochlea than in the control cochlea.Conclusions:Thirteen‐week AAE treatment in the middle‐aged F344/NHsd rats slowed progression of ARHL. The AAE did not show a significant effect on OHC degeneration, but it is speculated that the AAE may maintain the integrity of prestin to preserve OHC functionality. However, further study is warranted to understand the protective mechanism of AAE as an intervention against ARHL. Laryngoscope, 2009
Synthesis and characterization of photo‐crosslinkable poly(amic acid ester)s with 2‐hydroxy‐4‐oxo‐hept‐5‐enyl side chain
Authors: Choi Sung Mook , Ahn Taek , Kim Jin Soo , Yi Mihye 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPhotosensitive poly(amic acid ester)s (PAEs) with 2‐hydroxy‐4‐oxo‐hept‐5‐enyl side group were simply synthesized from a non‐photosensitive polyamic acid (PAA), which was prepared from cyclobutane‐1,2,3,4‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (DDE) in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP). 1‐oxiranyl‐pent‐3‐en‐2‐one was added to the poly(amic acid) solution to give the photosensitive PAEs by a ring opening esterification of the poly(amic acid). The esterification reaction was conducted with changing a reaction time and amounts of 1‐oxiranyl‐pent‐3‐en‐2‐one. The degree of esterification (DOE) increased with increasing esterification reaction time and amounts of 1‐oxiranyl‐pent‐3‐en‐2‐one. A photo‐lithography evaluation for the PAE‐D4 with the highest DOE was conducted in the presence of 1‐[4‐(phenylthio)phenyl]‐2‐(O‐benzoyloxime)‐1,2‐octanedione (PPBO) as a photoinitiator at a wavelength of 365 nm using a high‐pressure mercury lamp. The normalized film thicknesses for PAE‐D3 were measured with various post‐exposure baking (PEB) temperatures, which showed that the optimum PEB temperature was 120°C. The resolution of the resulting polyimide film cured at 250°C for 60 min was 25 µm. The initial decomposition temperature of the polyimide film was around 354°C and there was no weight loss at the temperature of 250–350°C. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal urine and serum steroid measurements to identify steroid sulfatase deficiency (STSD) in second trimester pregnancies
Authors: Marcos Josep , Craig Wendy Y. , Palomaki Glenn E. , Kloza Edward M. , Haddow James E. , Roberson Marie , Bradley Linda A. , Shackleton Cedric H. L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo document the performance of second trimester maternal urine and serum steroid measurements for detecting fetal steroid sulfatase deficiency (STSD).MethodsWe studied detection rate and false positive rate (DR, FPR) of analytes in maternal urine [combinations of 16α‐OH‐dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (16α‐OH‐DHEAS), 11β‐hydroxyandrosterone, total estriol] and serum [combinations of 16α‐OH‐DHEAS, 11β‐hydroxyandrosterone, total estriol, unconjugated estriol (uE3)]. Samples were obtained from pregnancies which were screen positive for Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome (SLOS).ResultsAmong 1 079 301 pregnancies, 3083 (0.29%) were screen positive for SLOS. Urine and/or serum samples were available from 917 viable pregnancies with known gender. We assigned likelihood ratios (LRs) to steroid measurements from male fetuses with known STSD and unaffected female fetuses. An LR ≥ 100 was present in urine from 84 of 86 STSD pregnancies (98% DR, 95% CI 92–99), along with 0 of 198 pregnancies with normal female fetuses (0.0% FPR, CI 0–1.9). LRs were ≥ 100 in 4 of 129 female fetuses with major abnormalities (3% FPR). In maternal serum, steroid measurements performed less effectively, achieving a 71% DR for STSD at a 1.6% FPR.ConclusionMaternal urine steroid measurements are effective for detecting STSD, including those with point mutations and those with full deletions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fred H. Pollak († 19 June 2008)
Authors: Muñoz Martin , Huang Ying‐Sheng 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFred Hugo Pollak was born in Vienna, Austria and educated in the United States. After receiving his Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Chicago in 1965, Fred became Associate Professor of Physics at Brown University (1966–1972) and then Professor of Physics and Director of the Maxwell Maybaum Institute of Material Science and Quantum Electronics at the Belfar Graduate School of Science at Yeshiva University (1972–1978). He joined the Department of Physics at Brooklyn College in 1978 and was appointed as a CUNY Distinguished Professor in 1988. Complementing his roles in the Physics Department of Brooklyn College and the Ph.D. Program in Physics at the Graduate Center of the CUNY, Professor Pollak also served as Deputy Director of the New York State Center for Advanced Technology in Ultrafast Photonic Materials and Applications at the CUNY and Associate Director and Head of the Materials Group, New York State Center for Advanced Technology in Telecommunication at Polytechnic University. Fred also participated in the Committee of Concerned Scientists and has been director and fellow of the Society of Photo‐Optical Instrumentation Engineers and fellow of the American Physical Society and a member of the Electrochemical Society. During his academic career, Professor Pollak was also president of Semiconductor Characterization Instruments, a company which was involved in the design and manufacturing of quality control instruments for the semiconductor industry.Professor Pollak was one of the founders of the technique of modulation spectroscopy and a pioneer in the use of modulation spectroscopy to study semiconductor structures such as superlattices, quantum wells and heterojunctions. He was also among the first to apply Raman spectroscopy techniques in studying the effects of uniaxial stress on phonon frequencies, providing new insight into the nature of anharmonic forces in semiconducting materials and systems. He was a tireless pioneer in the application of spectroscopic techniques to characterize semiconductor systems, a highly valued collaborator in research, an inspiring teacher/mentor to numerous students, and a great friend to many (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Intercomparison of model simulations of mixed‐phase clouds observed during the ARM Mixed‐Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. II: Multilayer cloud
Authors: Morrison Hugh , McCoy Renata B. , Klein Stephen A. , Xie Shaocheng , Luo Yali , Avramov Alexander , Chen Mingxuan , Cole Jason N. S. , Falk Michael , Foster Michael J. , Del Genio Anthony D. , Harrington Jerry Y. , Hoose Corinna , Khairoutdinov Marat F. , Larson Vincent E. , Liu Xiaohong , McFarquhar Greg M. , Poellot Michael R. , von Salzen Knut , Shipway Ben J. , Shupe Matthew D. , Sud Yogesh C. , Turner David D. , Veron Dana E. , Walker Gregory K. , Wang Zhien , Wolf Audrey B. , Xu Kuan‐Man , Yang Fanglin , Zhang Gong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractResults are presented from an intercomparison of single‐column and cloud‐resolving model simulations of a deep, multilayered, mixed‐phase cloud system observed during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mixed‐Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. This cloud system was associated with strong surface turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes as cold air flowed over the open Arctic Ocean, combined with a low pressure system that supplied moisture at mid‐levels. The simulations, performed by 13 single‐column and 4 cloud‐resolving models, generally overestimate liquid water path and strongly underestimate ice water path, although there is a large spread among models. This finding is in contrast with results for the single‐layer, low‐level mixed‐phase stratocumulus case in Part I, as well as previous studies of shallow mixed‐phase Arctic clouds, that showed an underprediction of liquid water path. These results suggest important differences in the ability of models to simulate deeper Arctic mixed‐phase clouds versus the shallow, single‐layered mixed‐phase clouds in Part I. The observed liquid‐ice mass ratios were much smaller than in Part I, despite the similarity of cloud temperatures. Thus, models employing microphysics schemes with temperature‐based partitioning of cloud liquid and ice masses are not able to produce results consistent with observations for both cases. Models with more sophisticated, two‐moment treatment of cloud microphysics produce a somewhat smaller liquid water path closer to observations. Cloud‐resolving models tend to produce a larger cloud fraction than single‐column models. The liquid water path and cloud fraction have a large impact on the cloud radiative forcing at the surface, which is dominated by long‐wave flux. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Transcriptional networks that regulate muscle stem cell function
Authors: Punch Vincent G. , Jones Andrew E. , Rudnicki Michael A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMuscle stem cells comprise different populations of stem and progenitor cells found in embryonic and adult tissues. A number of signaling and transcriptional networks are responsible for specification and survival of these cell populations and regulation of their behavior during growth and regeneration. Muscle progenitor cells are mostly derived from the somites of developing embryos, while satellite cells are the progenitor cells responsible for the majority of postnatal growth and adult muscle regeneration. In resting muscle, these stem cells are quiescent, but reenter the cell cycle during their activation, whereby they undergo decisions to self‐renew, proliferate, or differentiate and fuse into multinucleated myofibers to repair damaged muscle. Regulation of muscle stem cell activity is under the precise control of a number of extrinsic signaling pathways and active transcriptional networks that dictate their behavior, fate, and regenerative potential. Here, we review the networks responsible for these different aspects of muscle stem cell biology and discuss prevalent parallels between mechanisms regulating the activity of embryonic muscle progenitor cells and adult satellite cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Developmental Biology > Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration
Mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and roles in regenerative medicine
Authors: Hwang Nathaniel S. , Zhang Chao , Hwang Yong‐Sung , Varghese Shyni 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAdult stem cells with multi or unipotent differentiation potential are present in almost all tissues of adult organisms. The main function of these stem cells is to support normal repair and rejuvenation of diseased and aging tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the bone marrow have the potential to differentiate into multiple connective tissues. Advancements in understanding tissue specific differentiation of MSCs in conjunction with global genomic and proteomic profiling of MSCs have not only provided insights into their biology but also made MSC based clinical trials a reality for treating various debilitating diseases and genetic disorders. The emerging evidence that MSCs are immunosuppressive makes them an even more attractive candidate for regenerative medicine as rejections of transplants by the recipient could be a limiting step for moving the stem cells based therapies from “bedside to bed side.” To a large extent the therapeutic potential of MSCs is attributed to their differentiation ability. The fate and commitment of MSCs are regulated by various instructive signals from their immediate vicinity or microenvironment, which comprises many biological molecules (soluble and insoluble) and biomechanical forces. These biochemical and biophysical factors play a pivotal role in determining the efficacy of MSC differentiation and their contribution to the repair process. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of MSCs, their differentiation potential toward different skeletal tissues (cartilage and bone), and their emerging role in regenerative medicine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Developmental Biology > Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration
NF‐κB signaling
Authors: O'Dea Ellen , Hoffmann Alexander 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe NF‐κB transcription factor is a critical regulator of the immune system, and is responsive to a large number of stimuli. Different stimuli engage signaling pathways to activate NF‐κB, and effect distinct cellular responses. Mathematical modeling of the NF‐κB network has been useful in studying the dynamic and cross‐talk regulation of NF‐κB. In this review, we discuss the regulation of NF‐κB activity in response to different types of stimuli, including inflammatory signals, developmental cues, metabolic stress, and DNA damage. The distinct molecular mechanisms engaged in each pathway for activating and terminating NF‐κB activity are discussed. In addition, we summarize the evidence for cross‐talk mechanisms that allow for different stimuli to be integrated within the NF‐κB signaling module to produce synergistic or qualitatively different signaling outcomes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling