bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of acute dilutional hyponatremia on acid-base changes and electrolyte concentrations in rats with bilateral renal pedicle ligation
Authors: Hopper Kate , Haskins Steve C. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Objective—To describe the effects of increasing the extracellular fluid (ECF) volume by approximately 20% on acid-base changes and electrolyte concentrations in anesthetized rats.
Animals—18 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Procedures—Rats were assigned to a control group (n = 6 rats) and a treatment group (12). All rats were anesthetized, and instrumentation and bilateral renal pedicle ligation were performed. The treatment group was infused IV with sterile water throughout a 30-minute period. Acid-base variables and concentrations of electrolytes, lactate, albumin, phosphorus, and hemoglobin were measured before (baseline) and 30 and 60 minutes after onset of infusion. Anion gap, strong ion difference, strong ion gap, and contributions of sodium, chloride, albumin, phosphorus, and lactate concentrations to base excess were calculated at each time point.
Results—Infusion of sterile water led to an increase in ECF volume of approximately 18%. This had no effect on acid-base balance, compared with that in control rats. Infusion of sterile water caused a significant decrease in sodium, chloride, ionized calcium, lactate, and albumin concentrations, compared with concentrations in the control group. Anion gap and calculated effects of sodium, chloride, albumin, and lactate concentrations on base excess at 60 minutes differed significantly between infused and control rats.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Infusion of sterile water did not cause clinically relevant dilutional acidosis. The acidotic impact of water administration was offset by generation of new bicarbonate via carbonic acid equilibration and intracellular buffering in combination with the alkalotic effects of decreases in albumin, phosphorus, and lactate concentrations.
Measurement of urinary cauxin in geriatric cats with variable plasma creatinine concentrations and proteinuria and evaluation of urine cauxin-to-creatinine concentration ratio as a predictor of developing azotemia
Authors: Jepson Rosanne E. , Syme Harriet M. , Markwell Peter , Miyazaki Masao , Yamashita Tetsuro , Elliott Jonathan 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate urine cauxin immunoreactivity in geriatric cats with variable plasma creatinine concentrations and proteinuria and to assess urinary cauxin-to-creatinine concentration ratio (UC/C) as a predictor of developing azotemia.
Animals—188 client-owned geriatric (≥ 9 years of age) cats.
Procedures—A direct immunoassay was developed and validated for the quantification of urinary cauxin relative to a standard curve generated from a urine sample with high cauxin immunoreactivity. Relationships among UC/C, plasma creatinine concentration, and proteinuria were assessed. Nonazotemic cats were recruited and followed for 12 months. Urinary cauxin-to-creatinine concentration ratio was evaluated as a predictor of development of azotemia in these cats.
Results—No relationship was evident between UC/C and plasma creatinine concentration. A weak positive correlation was identified between UC/C and urine protein-to-creatinine concentration ratio (r = 0.212). At entry to the longitudinal study, those cats that later developed azotemia had a UC/C that was significantly higher than in those remaining nonazotemic after 12 months.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The UC/C did not vary with severity of azotemia but appeared contributory to the feline urinary proteome. High UC/C values were predictive of the geriatric cats in our study developing azotemia. However, it seems unlikely that UC/C will provide additional information about the measurement of urine protein-to-creatinine concentration ratio as a biomarker for the development of azotemia in cats.
Exploring speech–language pathologists’ perspectives about living successfully with aphasia
Authors: Brown Kyla , Worrall Linda , Davidson Bronwyn , Howe Tami 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Background: Exploring the concept of living successfully with aphasia challenges researchers and clinicians to identify positive rather than negative adaptive processes and factors that may inform clinical interventions and other community‐based services for people with aphasia. Previous research on this topic has focused on the perspectives of individuals with aphasia, and identified a number of core components of living successfully with aphasia, including doing things, meaningful relationships, striving for a positive way of living, and communication. As service providers, speech–language pathologists may also contribute valuable insights regarding components of living successfully with aphasia and factors influencing individuals’ abilities to achieve this goal. Aims: This research aimed to explore speech–language pathologists’ perspectives about the meaning of living successfully with aphasia, and factors they perceive to influence individuals’ abilities to live successfully with aphasia. Methods & Procedures: Twenty‐five speech–language pathologists from around Australia participated in semi‐structured in‐depth interviews on the topic of living successfully with aphasia. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis to identify themes of relevance. Outcomes & Results: Through the analysis of speech–language pathologist participant transcripts, the following themes emerged as components of living successfully with aphasia: participation and community engagement; communication; meaningful relationships; autonomy or independence; acceptance and embracement of aphasia; self‐esteem; happiness; and purpose or meaningfulness. A wide variety of factors were perceived to influence individuals’ abilities to live successfully with aphasia. These included support, acceptance, and understanding; personal factors; and speech–language pathology services. Conclusions & Implications: Further research is required to extend findings by investigating how speech–language pathologists address identified themes in clinical practice. To improve service provision, continued reflection by speech–language pathologists on how services provided align with client's values and priorities is a necessity. A commitment by speech–language pathologists to work in partnership with people with aphasia and their families and friends to achieve successful living with aphasia is one way to translate this research into practice.
Definitions versus categorization: assessing the development of lexico‐semantic knowledge in Williams syndrome
Authors: Purser Harry R. M. , Thomas Michael S. C. , Snoxall Sarah , Mareschal Denis , Karmiloff‐Smith Annette 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Background: Williams syndrome (WS) is associated with relatively strong language abilities despite mild to moderate intellectual disability, particularly when language is indexed by vocabulary. Aims: The aim of the study was twofold: (1) to investigate whether reported lexical anomalies in WS can be explained with reference to anomalous semantic development; and (2) to assess whether receptive vocabulary skills in WS, a relative strength, are underpinned by commensurate semantic knowledge. Methods & Procedures: The development of lexical–semantic knowledge was investigated in 45 typically developing individuals (chronological age range = 5–10 years, mental age range = 5–13 years) and 15 individuals with WS (chronological age range = 12–50 years, mental age range = 4–17 years) by means of (1) a categorization task and (2) a definitions task, which was expected to make additional metacognitive demands. Outcomes & Results: At younger ages, the performance level of typically developing individuals and individuals with WS did not differ on the definitions task. However, the WS group's ability to define words fell away from the level predicted by the typically developing group at older ages, as more sophisticated definitions were expected. The results of the categorization task indicated that individuals with WS had less lexical–semantic knowledge than expected given their level of receptive vocabulary, although from this lower level the knowledge then developed at a similar rate to that found in typical development. Conclusions & Implications: It is concluded, first, that conventional vocabulary measures may overestimate lexical–semantic knowledge in WS; and, second, concerns about the metacognitive demands of the definitions task when used with atypical populations may be well founded.
Literacy skills in primary school‐aged children with pragmatic language impairment: a comparison with children with specific language impairment
Authors: Freed Jenny , Adams Catherine , Lockton Elaine 
Published: August 2010

Background: Children with pragmatic language impairment (CwPLI) are characterized by difficulties with the interpersonal use of language in social contexts and they possess a range of language difficulties that affect their educational attainment. Since literacy skills are central to this attainment, one way of identifying appropriate support needs for CwPLI would be to profile their reading and writing skills as a group. Aims: To investigate the word reading, non‐word reading, reading comprehension, and written expression skills of CwPLI and a comparison group of children with specific language impairment (CwSLI). CwSLI were recruited in order to examine any overlaps in literacy impairments for the two groups. Methods & Procedures: Primary school‐aged CwPLI (n= 59) and CwSLI (n= 12) were recruited from speech and language therapists. Children completed standardized assessments of literacy skills. The level of impairment for each component literacy skill was examined for CwPLI and CwSLI. Outcomes & Results: For the CwPLI, group mean scores on each of the literacy skills were at the lower end of the normal range compared with population norms. The range of individual scores was large, with some children scoring near floor level and others scoring up to 2 SDs (standard deviations) above the mean, illustrating the heterogeneity of literacy skills within the group. For the CwSLI, group mean scores on each of the literacy skills were between 1 SD and 2 SDs below the population mean. CwSLI were significantly more impaired on all of the literacy measures compared with CwPLI. This difference remained even when receptive language ability and non‐verbal intelligence were controlled for. Conclusions & Implications: The results demonstrate that there is a high level of literacy impairment within CwPLI and CwSLI, providing evidence that individualized literacy skill intervention is important for the long‐term academic outcome of these children.
Immune modulator and antiviral potential of dendritic cells pulsed with both hepatitis B surface antigen and core antigen for treating chronic HBV infection
Authors: Akbar Sheikh Mohammad Fazle , Yoshida Osamu , Chen Shiyi , Cesar Aguilar Julio , Abe Masanori , Matsuura Bunzo , Hiasa Yoichi , Onji Morikazu 
Published: August 2010

Background Commercially available prophylactic vaccines containing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), which are used to prevent HBV infections, are not as effective as a therapeutic immune modulator for treating patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In this study, the immunogenicity of dendritic cells (DC) loaded with both HBsAg and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was tested in HBV transgenic mice (TM; 1.2HB-BS10) in vivo and in patients with CHB in vitro. Methods Spleen DC from HBV TM were cultured with a vaccine containing both HBsAg and HBcAg to produce HBsAg/HBcAg-pulsed DC. HBV TM were immunized twice at an interval of 4 weeks with HBsAg/HBcAg-pulsed DC and other immune modulators. Antibody titres to HBsAg (anti-HBs) were measured in sera. Antigen-specific T-cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) in the spleen and liver were detected by lymphoproliferative and ELISPOT assays, respectively. HBsAg/HBcAg-pulsed human blood DC were cultured with autologous T-cells from CHB patients to assess their antigen-specific immune modulatory capacities. Results Significantly higher levels of anti-HBs, HBsAg-specific and HBcAg-specific T-cells and CTLs were detected in the spleen and liver of HBV TM immunized with HBsAg/HBcAg-pulsed DC compared with those immunized with other vaccine formulations ( P<0.05). HBsAg/HBcAg-pulsed human blood DC also induced HBsAg- and HBcAg-specific proliferation of autologous T-cells from CHB patients. Conclusions The immune modulatory capacities of HBsAg/ HBcAg-pulsed DC in HBV TM in vivo, and in patients with CHB in vitro, inspire optimism about a clinical trial with this cell-based vaccine in patients with CHB.
Antiendothelial Cell Antibodies Induce Apoptosis of Bone Marrow Endothelial Progenitors in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: DEL PAPA NICOLETTA , QUIRICI NADIA , SCAVULLO CINZIA , GIANELLI UMBERTO , CORTI LAURA , VITALI CLAUDIO , FERRI CLODOVEO , GIUGGIOLI DILIA , MANFREDI ANDREINA , MAGLIONE WANDA , ONIDA FRANCESCO , COLACI MICHELE , BOSARI SILVANO , LAMBERTENGHI DELILIERS GIORGIO 
Published: August 2010

Objective.Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) have significantly fewer and functionally impaired endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in peripheral blood and bone marrow; further, endothelial apoptosis seems to play a primary role in the pathogenesis of vascular damage. We investigated whether the failure of bone marrow EPC is related to their apoptotic phenotype and analyzed the possible mechanisms inducing apoptosis.Methods.The presence of apoptotic cells was investigated in bone marrow aspirates taken from patients with SSc; microvessel density (MVD) and the immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also measured in bone marrow biopsies. A correlation between EPC apoptosis and the presence of antiendothelial cell antibodies (AECA) was also investigated.Results.We confirmed the presence of bone marrow EPC dysfunction in SSc, while hematopoiesis was not impaired. Bone marrow studies showed a high percentage of apoptotic progenitors, no signs of fibrosis or an altered MVD, and an increased VEGF index. The patients’ bone marrow plasma showed significant titers of AECA, and their presence correlated with that of apoptotic progenitors. These findings were further confirmed by anin vitroassay in which the apoptosis of normal progenitors was induced by the addition of AECA+ purified IgG.Conclusion.Our results showed that apoptosis in patients with SSc involves the source compartment of endothelial progenitors and correlates with AECA activity. These findings support the hypothesis that AECA may play a pathogenetic role by affecting the bone marrow EPC machinery that should repair the peripheral vascular lesions.
Assessment of Ankylosing Spondylitis Criteria in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain and Vertebral Endplate Modic I Signal Changes
Authors: NGUYEN CHRISTELLE , BENDEDDOUCHE IMAD , SANCHEZ KATHERINE , JOUSSE MARYLÈNE , PAPELARD AGATHE , FEYDY ANTOINE , REVEL MICHEL , POIRAUDEAU SERGE , RANNOU FRANÇOIS 
Published: August 2010

Objective.Patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP) and vertebral endplate Modic I signal changes on lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have clinical features that could mimic inflammatory back pain related to spondyloarthritis (SpA) and/or ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We aimed to assess whether such patients fulfilled criteria for SpA and/or AS.Methods.For 5 months in 2008, all patients (n = 314) referred to a tertiary care physical medicine and rehabilitation facility in France were consecutively screened. A total of 185 hospitalized for non-specific cLBP were prospectively assessed. Forty patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were consecutively enrolled and included in 2 groups according to MRI findings: Modic I (n = 15) and non-Modic I (n = 25). MRI findings were assessed independently by 2 spine specialists and a radiologist. HLA-B27 status was determined. Data were collected on clinical measurements and fulfillment of Amor criteria (AC) and modified New York criteria (mNYC). All assessors were blinded to HLA-B27 status.Results.Whatever the Modic group, no patient fulfilled AC or mNYC, and mean total scores were comparable [3 ± 2 (range 0–22; p = 0.977), 1 ± 1 (range 0–3; p = 1.000), and 0 ± 0 (range 0–1; p = 1.000) for AC and clinical and radiological mNYC, respectively]. HLA-B27 status was similar in both groups [n = 2 (13%) vs n = 0 (0%); p = 0.135].Conclusion.Patients with cLBP and Modic I vertebral endplate signal changes on lumbar MRI do not fulfill widely used and validated criteria for SpA and/or AS. Such cases are clinically distinct from SpA and AS.
Probiotic Therapy for the Treatment of Spondyloarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: JENKS KATHERINE , STEBBINGS SIMON , BURTON JEREMY , SCHULTZ MICHAEL , HERBISON PETER , HIGHTON JOHN 
Published: August 2010

Objective.To investigate the effect of an orally administered probiotic on disease activity, fatigue, quality of life, and intestinal symptoms in patients with active spondyloarthritis.Methods.Patients with active spondyloarthritis [defined as Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) ≥ 3, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) ≥ 3, Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score (MASES) ≥ 2, or peripheral joint count ≥ 2] were randomized to oral probiotic or placebo for 12 weeks. Patients and assessors were blinded to treatment allocation. The primary outcome measure was 10% improvement in the BASFI. Additional outcome measures were improvements in the ASsessments in Ankylosing Spondylitis (ASAS)-endorsed core domains: pain, spinal mobility, patient global, peripheral joint and entheseal scores, stiffness, C-reactive protein, and fatigue. The ASAS20 criteria, a composite measure of response, were also applied. Quality of life and bowel symptoms were quantified using the Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (ASQoL) and Dudley Inflammatory Bowel Symptom Questionnaire (DISQ).Results.Sixty-three patients were randomized to oral probiotic (n = 32) or placebo (n = 31). All patients completed the trial. No significant difference was noted between groups in any of the core domains. The mean BASFI fell from 3.5 ± 2.0 to 2.9 ± 1.9 in the probiotic group and from 3.6 ± 1.9 to 3.1 ± 2.2 in the placebo group (p = 0.839). The mean BASDAI fell from 4.2 ± 2.2 to 3.2 ± 2.1 in the probiotic group and 4.5 ± 2.0 to 3.9 ± 2.2 in the placebo group (p = 0.182). No significant adverse events were recorded in the probiotic-treated group.Conclusion.In this randomized controlled trial, the probiotic combination administered did not demonstrate significant benefit over placebo, despite a theoretical rationale for this therapy.
La vidéosurveillance dans les lycées
Authors: Le Goff Tanguy 
Published: August 2010

Pour lutter contre les « violences scolaires », les établissements scolaires sont désormais fréquemment équipés d’une vidéosurveillance. Pourquoi et comment des proviseurs font-ils le choix de ce type de réponse technique ? Quels en sont les usages concrets ? Quels sont les impacts de l’introduction de cette technologique sur la communauté éducative ? L’article entend répondre à ces questions en s’appuyant sur une enquête réalisée dans 10 lycées franciliens auprès de la communauté éducative et de lycéens. Elle met en évidence qu’au-delà des finalités affichées de prévention des « intrusions », la vidéosurveillance est en fait bien souvent utilisée comme un outil au service d’une politique de maintien de l’ordre scolaire.
Production of Very Fine Grained Mg–3%Al–1%Zn Alloy by Continuous Extrusion Forming (CONFORM)
Authors: He Youliang , Gao Fei , Song Baoyun , Li Jian , Fu Rong , Wu Guiming 
Published: August 2010

AbstractVery fine grained (∼2 µm) Mg–3%Al–1%Zn alloy rods are produced using an industrial continuous extrusion forming (CONFORM) machine. Cast rods (grain size ∼150 µm) are utilized as the feedstock and significant grain refinement is achieved in a single extrusion process. Tensile elongation of about 200% is achieved at 473 K using the extruded sample. This demonstrates the potential application of CONFORM as a continuous severe plastic deformation process to produce very fine grained metals to attain superplastic properties.
Toughness Measurement of Cemented Carbides with Chevron‐Notched Three‐Point Bend Test
Authors: Deng Xin , Bitler Jon , Chawla Krishan K. , Patterson Burton R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPlane‐strain fracture toughness is a critical property of metal matrix composites, especially for cemented carbides, ceramics, and tool materials. In this study, we have investigated, numerically and experimentally, the method involving three‐point bend test of a chevron‐notched specimen to evaluate fracture toughness of cemented carbides. A comprehensive formula is presented for a wide range of test dimensions and chevron notch angles. Cemented carbides with different toughness levels were tested. The proposed formula provides a more accurate and valid expression compared with existing methods. It offers an accurate, convenient, and practical method for toughness testing of cemented carbide, ceramics, tool materials, and other metal matrix composites.
Titanium Containing γ‐MnO2 (TM) Hollow Spheres: One‐Step Synthesis and Catalytic Activities in Li/Air Batteries and Oxidative Chemical Reactions
Authors: Jin Lei , Xu Linping , Morein Christine , Chen Chun‐hu , Lai Monique , Dharmarathna Saminda , Dobley Arthur , Suib Steven L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTitanium containing γ‐MnO2 octahedral molecular sieves having hollow sphere structures are successfully prepared for the first time using a one‐step synthesis method. Titanium cations are used as structure‐directing agents in the synthesis process. The assembly of the hollow spheres is carried out at the beginning of the process. Various techniques including XRD, N2 adsorption, SEM, EDX, RAMAN, TEM, XPS, and TGA are employed for the materials characterization. Ti is incorporated into the MnO2 framework in isolated sites, and TiO2 phases (anatase and rutile) are not observed. When introduced in medium‐sized lithium‐air batteries, the materials give very high specific capacity (up to 2.3 A h g−1). These materials are also catalytically tested in the oxidation of toluene with molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure, showing significant oxidative catalytic activities in this difficult chemical reaction.
Organic Electronics: High Tg Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Gate Dielectrics for N,N′‐Ditridecyl Perylene Diimide Based Field‐Effect Transistors: Improving Performance and Stability with Thermal Treatment (Adv. Funct. Mater. 16/2010)
Authors: Jang Jaeyoung , Nam Sooji , Chung Dae Sung , Kim Se Hyun , Yun Won Min , Park Chan Eon 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA novel application of ethylene‐norbornene cyclic olefin copolymers (COC) as gate dielectric layers in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) that require thermal annealing as a strategy for improving the OFET performance and stability is reported. The thermally‐treated N,N′‐ditridecyl perylene diimide (PTCDI‐C13)‐based n‐type FETs using a COC/SiO2 gate dielectric show remarkably enhanced atmospheric performance and stability. The COC gate dielectric layer displays a hydrophobic surface (water contact angle = 95° ± 1°) and high thermal stability (glass transition temperature = 181 °C) without producing crosslinking. After thermal annealing, the crystallinity improves and the grain size of PTCDI‐C13 domains grown on the COC/SiO2 gate dielectric increases significantly. The resulting n‐type FETs exhibit high atmospheric field‐effect mobilities, up to 0.90 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the 20 V saturation regime and long‐term stability with respect to H2O/O2 degradation, hysteresis, or sweep‐stress over 110 days. By integrating the n‐type FETs with p‐type pentacene‐based FETs in a single device, high performance organic complementary inverters that exhibit high gain (exceeding 45 in ambient air) are realized.