bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solubility and partial molar volume of carbon dioxide and ethane in crosslinked poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer
Authors: Ribeiro Cláudio P. , Freeman Benny D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractExperimental solubility and sorptive dilation data are reported for carbon dioxide and ethane in a crosslinked poly(ethylene oxide) (XLPEO) rubbery copolymer. Five different temperatures (253 ≤ T(K) ≤ 308) were considered, with a maximum gas pressure of 2.09 MPa (20.6 atm). The polymer was prepared by photopolymerization of a solution containing 70 wt % poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGMEA) and 30 wt % poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). Sorption isotherms were described by the Flory‐Huggins model. For each gas, the Flory‐Huggins interaction parameter was a decreasing function of temperature and did not show a composition dependence. Dilation and sorption data were combined to calculate the partial molar volume (PMV) of the gases in the polymer, which was an increasing function of temperature. Based on a comparison with literature data for a XLPEO homopolymer prepared from pure PEGDA over the same range of operating conditions, an effect of the network composition on both gas solubility and PMV was found. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 456–468, 2010
Relations between the aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes and the formation of percolation networks in biodegradable polylactide/carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Wu Defeng , Wu Liang , Zhou Weidong , Sun Yurong , Zhang Ming 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe biodegradable polylactide composites containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with high aspect ratio (HAR) and low aspect ratio (LAR) were prepared by melt mixing. The physical properties of those two systems were characterized in terms of rheology, conductivity, and mechanical properties for establishing preliminary structure–property relations. Several viscoelastic models were then used to further describe the relations between aspect ratio and percolation network of CNTs. The results show that these two CNTs present different structural characteristics in the polylactide (PLA) matrix during melt mixing: the LAR CNTs are far stiffer than the HAR CNTs. At low loading levels, the former is dispersed as bent fibers or their small bundles, whereas the latter is dispersed as self‐entangled flocs, presenting far larger hydrodynamic radius than the former. At high loading levels, both are dispersed as flocs due to strong tube–tube interactions. However, the two CNTs show approximate average floc size and mesh size because they present same rigid length and effective aspect ratio. At identical loadings, therefore, the HAR CNTs have more total number of flocs than that of the LAR CNTs, forming network with more compact structure and imparting higher contributions to properties of the composites as a result. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 479–489, 2010
Multicolor single‐layer electroluminescence device using poly(L‐glutamate) for hole transport
Authors: Hiejima Toshihiro , Takamizawa Yosuke , Tanaka Yoshinori , Ueda Kenji , Uchida Takayuki 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHelical poly(L‐glutamate) with carbazole (Cz) side chains (PCELG) was synthesized as a hole‐transport host material for a dye‐doped polymer electroluminescence (EL) device. The main‐ and side‐chain conformations were investigated by a combination of polarized infrared spectroscopy and semiempirical quantum chemical calculation. In an electrically poled PCELG crystalline film, the main chain was found to assume a right‐handed α‐helical conformation with an order parameter of ∼0.8. The Cz plane at the terminal side chain is inclined by about 44° toward the helical axis, creating a regular stacked structure conforming to the rigid α‐helical backbone. The principal EL characteristics of these devices were determined and compared with those of devices made with poly(N‐vinyl carbazole) (PVCz). For green and blue light, EL devices using PCELG exhibited luminance efficiencies comparable to those using PVCz. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first demonstration of primary colors emitted by an organic EL device with a polypeptide hole‐transport host material. The experimental results suggested that the total concentration and spatial arrangement of the Cz groups play an important role in determining the EL characteristics of dye‐doped polymer EL devices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 496–502, 2010
Preface: Phys. Status Solidi C 7/1
Authors: Briot Olivier , Hoffmann Axel , Nanishi Yasushi , Ponce Fernando A. , Guest Editors  
Published: January 2010

AbstractSymposium J of the E‐MRS 2009 Spring Meeting covered the diversity of the current nitride research ranging from optical, electrical and characterization over growth to processing and devices of nitride materials. There were many excellent talks which provided a nice spectrum about the state‐of‐the‐art of growth and devices based on InN. In an invited talk by Martin Stutzmann, Technische Universität München, the latest developments of GaN‐based sensors were discussed, especially their applications in biology. Highlights of the meeting were, on one hand, new developments of high power light emitting diodes (LEDs). These invited talks were given for UV LEDs by Asif Khan, University of South Carolina, for visible LEDs by Werner Goetz, Philips Lumileds, and for the green light emitters by Christian Wetzel, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. On the other hand, Adrian Avramescu, OSRAM Opto Semiconductors presented 500 nm electrically driven InGaN‐based laser diodes and demonstrated that quality improvements of InGaN quantum wells with high indium content as well as an efficient carrier injection makes it possible to achieve lasing up to a wavelength of 500 nm. Acentral contribution of the present proceedings is the Feature Article by Sandra Ruffenach et al. on recent advances in metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth of InN [1].The symposium venue had a very pleasant surrounding and was convenient for the participants. The open atmosphere enabled a lot of detailed discussions. In the framework of European research, a major purpose of the meeting was to stimulate the generation of new projects and goals and to promote informal scientific exchange (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simple robust control structures based on the model‐following concept–A theoretical analysis
Authors: Osypiuk R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe paper deals with three robust control systems that may be regarded as a part of the model‐following control (MFC) family. The systems are easy‐to‐synthesize control structures, thus offering an alternative to the low‐robust single‐loop PID system, to the relatively difficult‐to‐synthesize internal‐model control structures, or to complex adaptive systems. A basic comparative theoretical and computational analysis of properties exhibited by the presented control structures is given. Also, recommendations as to practical implementation are provided. The solutions presented in the paper have found some application, e.g. in force/position control for an industrial robotic manipulator, temperature control of electro‐heated furnaces with highly varying parameters, and oxide content control in a steam boiler. Owing to the interesting robustness properties displayed by MFC strict requirements on quality of controlled processes that are both strongly nonlinear and time variant have been met. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fault‐tolerant adaptive control allocation schemes for overactuated systems
Authors: Casavola Alessandro , Garone Emanuele 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a fault‐tolerant adaptive control allocation scheme for overactuated systems subject to loss of effectiveness actuator faults. The main idea is to use an ‘ad hoc’ online parameters estimator, coupled with a control allocation algorithm, in order to perform online control reconfiguration whenever necessary. Time‐windowed and recursive versions of the algorithm are proposed for nonlinear discrete‐time systems and their properties analyzed. Two final examples have been considered to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The first considers a simple linear system with redundant actuators and it is mainly used to exemplify the main properties and potentialities of the scheme. In the second, a realistic marine vessel scenario under propeller and thruster faults is treated in full details. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Galla chinensis on the surface topography of initial enamel carious lesion: an atomic force microscopy study
Authors: Zhang Ling‐Lin , Li Ji‐Yao , Zhou Xue‐Dong , Cui Fu‐Zhai , Li Wei 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTo investigate the effect of Galla chinensis on the surface topography of initial enamel carious lesion, atomic force microscope (AFM) was used, and it was a new AFM application in enamel de‐/remineralization research. Bovine sound enamel slabs were demineralized to produce initial carious lesion in vitro. Then, the lesions were exposed to a pH‐cycling regime for 12 days. Each daily cycle included 4×1 min applications with one of three treatments: negative control group: deionized water; positive control group: 1 g/L aqueous solutions of NaF; experimental group: 4 g/L aqueous solutions of G. chinensis extract (GCE). The surface topography and roughness were investigated on the enamel slabs before and after pH‐cycling by AFM. 3D AFM images revealed the surface topographical changes of GCE‐treated enamel. Significant difference existed before and after the pH‐cycling among the groups. AFM offers a powerful tool for enamel de‐/remineralization research. The surface roughness results provide the evidences to remineralization of carious lesion, and indicate the potential of G. chinensis in promoting the remineralization. G. chinensis may become one more promising agent for caries prevention. SCANNING 31: 195–203, 2009. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Remarkable effect of pre‐organization on the self assembly in chiral liquid crystals
Authors: Nishiyama Isa 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this article, liquid crystal phases possessing a helical molecular assembly, including frustrated three dimensional (3D) structures, are overviewed. Then, the chirality‐originated superstructures in liquid crystals studied by the author are reviewed. The importance of the concept of “pre‐organization” is highlighted, thus, molecular design producing a strong chiral effect has been proposed. Dichiral twin materials have been prepared systematically based on this concept, and correlation between molecular architectures and resulting frustrated liquid crustal phases, such as smectic blue, cubic, tetragonal smectic Q, and sponge phases, has been investigated. An electrically induced anisotropic birefringent structure in the chiral isotropic phase and a photoinduced 3D‐3D phase transition in the smectic Q phase are introduced as possible application on the basis of the frustrated chiral 3D structured liquid crystal phases. A new type of chiral effect inducing the structural anisotropy in the 3D cubic structure of soft material is also described. © 2010 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 9: 340–355; 2009: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.200900029
The natural history of fibroids
Authors: Mavrelos D. , Ben‐Nagi J. , Holland T. , Hoo W. , Naftalin J. , Jurkovic D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectivesFibroids are common, hormone‐dependent, benign uterine tumors. They can cause significant morbidity and the symptoms depend largely on their size. The aim of this study was to describe the natural history of fibroids and identify factors that may influence their growth.MethodsThis was a retrospective longitudinal study of premenopausal women who were diagnosed with uterine fibroids on ultrasound examination. All women underwent at least two transvaginal ultrasound scans, which were all performed by a single operator. Fibroids were measured in three perpendicular planes and the mean diameter was calculated. The size and position of every individual fibroid was assessed and recorded on a computerized database. The volume of each fibroid was calculated using the formula for a sphere.ResultsA total of 122 women were included in the study. Their median age at the initial examination was 40 (range, 27–45) years. Seventy‐two (59.0%) were nulliparous and 74 (60.7%) had multiple fibroids. The median interval between the initial and final examination was 21.5 (range, 8–90) months. The median fibroid volume increased by 35.2% per year. Small fibroids (< 20 mm mean diameter) grew significantly faster than larger fibroids (P = 0.007). The median increase in size was significantly higher in cases of intramural fibroids (53.2 (interquartile range (IQR), 11.2–217)%) than in subserous fibroids (25.1 (IQR, 1.1–87.1)%) and submucous fibroids (22.8 (IQR, − 11.7 to 48.3)%) (P = 0.012). Multivariate analysis retained only fibroid size at presentation as an independent predictor of fibroid growth.ConclusionThe growth of fibroids in premenopausal women is influenced by the tumor's size at presentation. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurodevelopmental outcome of fetuses referred for ventriculomegaly
Authors: Beeghly M. , Ware J. , Soul J. , du Plessis A. , Khwaja O. , Senapati G. M. , Robson C. D. , Robertson R. L. , Poussaint T. Y. , Barnewolt C. E. , Feldman H. A. , Estroff J. A. , Levine D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the delivery and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes of fetuses referred for ventriculomegaly (VM).MethodsUnder an internal review board‐approved protocol, pregnant women were referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after sonographic diagnosis of VM and classified into one of four diagnostic groups: Group 1, normal central nervous system (CNS); Group 2, isolated mild VM (10–12 mm); Group 3, isolated VM > 12 mm; and Group 4, other CNS findings. Pregnancy outcome was obtained. Follow‐up visits were offered with assessment of neurodevelopmental, adaptive and neurological functioning at 6 months and 1 year and/or 2 years of age. Atrial diameter and VM group differences in developmental outcomes were evaluated using repeated measures logistic regression and Fishers exact test, respectively.ResultsOf 314 fetuses, 253 (81%) were liveborn and survived the neonatal period. Fetuses in Groups 4 and 3 were less likely to progress to live delivery and to survive the neonatal period (60% and 84%, respectively) than were those in Groups 2 or 1 (93% and 100%, respectively, P < 0.001). Of the 143 fetuses followed postnatally, between 41% and 61% had a Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID‐II) psychomotor developmental index score in the delayed range (< 85) at the follow‐up visits, whereas the BSID‐II mental developmental index and Vineland Adaptive Behavior composite scores were generally in line with normative expectations. Among those that were liveborn, neither VM group nor prenatal atrial diameter was related to postnatal developmental outcome.ConclusionsDiagnostic category and degree of fetal VM based on ultrasound and MRI measurements are associated with the incidence of live births and thus abnormal outcome. Among those undergoing formal postnatal testing, VM grade is not associated with postnatal developmental outcome, but motor functioning is more delayed than is cognitive or adaptive functioning. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcome of prenatally diagnosed isolated clubfoot
Authors: Lauson S. , Alvarez C. , Patel M. S. , Langlois S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the aneuploidy risk and treatment outcome of prenatally diagnosed isolated clubfoot, to determine the false‐positive rate (FPR) of ultrasound diagnosis and to calculate the risk of diagnostic revision to complex clubfoot.MethodsBy chart review, 65 patients were retrospectively ascertained to have unilateral or bilateral clubfeet diagnosed prenatally. We calculated the rates of false positives, aneuploidy and diagnostic revision to complex clubfoot, and used an ad hoc scoring system to determine orthopedic outcome. Published rates of aneuploidy were pooled and evaluated.ResultsPrenatally diagnosed isolated clubfoot FPR (defined as 1 − positive predictive value) was 10.5% (95% CI, 5.8–18%) (calculated per foot). After a minimum of 1‐year postnatal follow‐up, 13% (95% CI, 6–26%) of patients had revised diagnoses of complex clubfoot. No patients had aneuploidy identified by cytogenetic analysis or clinical assessment. Of the 34 patients with 2‐year postnatal follow‐up, 76.5% were treated with serial casting with or without Botox. All children with isolated clubfoot were walking and had an average outcome score of ‘very good’ to ‘excellent’.ConclusionsWhen counseling women regarding prenatally diagnosed isolated clubfoot, it is important to tell them that ∼10% of individuals will have a normal foot or positional foot deformity requiring minimal treatment. Conversely, 10–13% of prenatally diagnosed cases of isolated clubfoot will have complex clubfoot postnatally, based on the finding of additional structural or neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Although this study did not identify an increased risk of fetal aneuploidy associated with isolated clubfoot, a review of the literature indicates a risk of 1.7–3.6% with predominance of sex chromosome aneuploidy. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic appearance of gestational trophoblastic disease evolving into epithelioid trophoblastic tumor
Authors: Okumura M. , Fushida K. , Rezende W. W. , Schultz R. , ZUGAIB M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEpithelioid trophoblastic tumor is a distinctive but rare trophoblastic tumor. It derives from intermediate trophoblastic cells of the chorion laeve and is usually associated with a previous gestational event. We report the case of a patient who had undergone dilatation and curettage for a missed miscarriage. Three months later gestational trophoblastic disease was suspected because of persistent vaginal bleeding and high levels of β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG). Transvaginal ultrasound revealed irregular echolucent lacunae within the myometrium, some of them filled with low‐resistance, turbulent blood flow on Doppler examination, emphasizing the diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease. The patient was treated with 12 courses of multiagent chemotherapy. After a 2‐year remission, a low rise in serum β‐hCG was observed. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed a well‐circumscribed echogenic lesion with a diameter of 1.8 cm in the uterine fundus, with no detectable blood flow on Doppler imaging. A diagnosis of tumor of intermediate trophoblastic cells was suspected and total hysterectomy was performed. On pathological examination, the histological and immunohistochemical features were characteristic of epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Most reported cases of epithelioid trophoblastic tumor have solitary nodules with sharp margins, which is consistent with our ultrasound findings. Ultrasound may be helpful in differentiating epithelioid trophoblastic tumor from placental‐site trophoblastic tumor, another tumor of intermediate trophoblastic cells, which shows infiltrative growth insinuating between muscle fibers. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel line drop secondary voltage control algorithm for variable speed wind turbines
Authors: El‐Moursi Mohamed S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper addresses the design and implementation of the line drop secondary voltage control (LDSVC) for the doubly fed induction generator‐wind turbine (DFIG‐WT) complemented with reactive power allocation algorithm to achieve more efficient voltage regulation, reactive power compensation and to enhance the transient stability margin of the electric power system. The LDSVC is used to generate the local voltage reference, providing an improvement for overall voltage profile. The paper presents the influence of the integration of variable speed wind turbines‐based doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) while employing LDSVC for increasing the transient stability margin. This paper proposes an improved voltage control scheme, based on a secondary voltage controller complemented with an automatic gain controller (AGC). The scheme is applied to a wind energy system incorporating DFIG‐based wind turbines. The controller structure is developed and the performance of the self‐tuning AGC scheme is developed and analysed. The proposed controller is tested in response to system contingencies for different short circuit ratios. The performance of the secondary voltage control without and with AGC is verified. The influence of the AGC in improving the transient response and damping of voltage oscillations is verified. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐ictal psychosis in adolescent Niemann‐Pick disease type C
Authors: Walterfang Mark , Kornberg Andrew , Adams Sophia , Fietz Michael , Velakoulis Dennis 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe describe the presentation of an adolescent with juvenile‐onset Niemann‐Pick disease type C (NPC) who presented with post‐ictal psychosis in the context of a developing seizure disorder. After demonstrating mild gait disturbance beginning at the age of 4 years, he was diagnosed with NPC at age 12 on the basis of 95% of cultured fibroblasts staining positive for filipin and a reduced fibroblast cholesterol esterification rate. He then developed a seizure disorder at age 15, where clusters of seizures produced typical psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations and delusions. His seizure disorder responded to valproate, which resulted in a settling of his psychotic symptoms. Whilst post‐ictal psychosis is rarely reported prior to the age of 16, NPC in adolescents and adults is particularly psychotogenic and may increase the risk for post‐ictal psychosis in the pediatric population.
Facile and Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐15‐Octadecenoic Acid and (Z)‐16‐Nonadecenoic Acid: Monounsaturated Omega‐3 Fatty Acids
Authors: Rawling Tristan , Duke Colin C. , Cui Pei H. , Murray Michael 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFacile syntheses of the monounsaturated omega‐3 fatty acids, (Z)‐15‐octadecenoic acid and (Z)‐16‐nonadecenoic acid, are presented. Commercially available hydroxy fatty acids were esterified and oxidised, followed by the Wittig reaction to introduce the omega‐3 olefinic bond; hydrolysis yielded the omega‐3 fatty acids in high purity. An examination of different reaction conditions for the Wittig step found that THF as solvent and coupling temperatures of −78 °C gave optimal stereoselectivity, affording the omega‐3 olefins inZ:Eratios ≥97:3. The syntheses have overall yields of ~43%, and utilise straightforward, robust chemistry, that may be readily scaled up and reproduced. Also presented is a method for accurately determining the double bond geometry and isomeric purity of the fatty acid products using1H–13C‐HSQC NMR and GC–MS, respectively.
Terrorism activity, investor sentiment, and stock returns
Authors: Drakos Konstantinos 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMotivated by the literature on investor sentiment and assuming that terrorist activity influences investor mood, in this paper we explore whether terrorism exerts a significant negative impact on daily stock market returns in a sample of 22 countries. The employed empirical specifications are based on flexible versions of the World CAPM, allowing for autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity. The results suggest that terrorist activity leads to significantly lower returns on the day a terrorist attack occurs. In addition, the negative effect of terrorist activity is substantially amplified as the level of psychosocial effects increases. On the one hand, this evidence sheds light on the underlying mechanism via which terrorism affects stock markets while on the other hand, it provides further empirical support for the sentiment effect.