bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Retinal Neurodegeneration Is Associated With Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Is Improved by an Angiotensin Receptor Blocker in a Model Combining Hypertension and Diabetes
Authors: Silva Kamila C. , Rosales Mariana A.B. , Biswas Subrata K. , Lopes de Faria Jose B. , Lopes de Faria Jacqueline M. 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVE
Diabetic retinopathy displays the features of a neurodegenerative disease. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. This investigation sought to determine whether hypertension exacerbates the oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and mitochondrial dysfunction that exists in diabetic retinopathy and whether these changes could be minimized by the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB) losartan.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Diabetes was induced in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The diabetic SHRs were assigned to receive or not receive losartan.

RESULTS
The level of apoptosis in the retina was higher in diabetic WKY rats than in the control group, and higher levels were found in diabetic SHRs. The apoptotic cells expressed neural and glial markers. The retinal glial reaction was more evident in diabetic WKY rats and was markedly accentuated in diabetic SHRs. Superoxide production in retinal tissue increased in diabetic WKY rats, and a greater increase occurred in diabetic SHRs. Glutathione levels decreased only in diabetic SHRs. As a consequence, the levels of nitrotyrosine and 8-hydroxy 2′-deoxyguanosine, markers of oxidative stress, were elevated in diabetic groups, mainly in diabetic SHRs. Mitochondrial integrity was dramatically affected in the diabetic groups. The ARB treatment reestablished all of the above-mentioned parameters.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that concomitance of hypertension and diabetes exacerbates oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the retinal cells. These data provide the first evidence of AT1blockage as a neuroprotective treatment of diabetic retinopathy by reestablishing oxidative redox and the mitochondrial function.
Association of Endogenous Sex Hormones With Diabetes andImpaired Fasting Glucose in Men
Authors: Colangelo Laura A. , Ouyang Pamela , Liu Kiang , Kopp Peter , Golden Sherita Hill , Dobs Adrian S. , Szklo Moyses , Vaidya Dhananjay , Cushman Mary , Gapstur Susan M. 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVE
To assess associations of sex hormones with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes in men.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 3,156 African American, Non-Hispanic white, Hispanic, and Chinese-American men aged 45–84 years who participated in the baseline visit of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were included. Oddsratios and95% CIs for type 2 diabetes and IFG compared with normal fasting glucose for quartiles of hormones were estimated.

RESULTS
After adjusting for age, ethnicity, BMI, and waist circumference, IFG and diabetes were associated inversely with total testosterone and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) and positively with estradiol (E2). Dehydroepiandrosterone was positively associated with IFG but not with diabetes. Associations did not differ across ethnic groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Regardless of obesity, total testosterone and SHBG were associated inversely and E2 was associated positively with IFG and diabetes in men. Further research is warranted to better understand the underlying biological mechanisms.
Karyotypic Study of seven Types of <i>Impatiens balsamina</i> L.
Authors: Momtaz USN , Kabir G , Ud-deen MM , Yasmin N 
Published: March 2009

Nuclear phenotype and chromosome characteristics of eight types of Impatiens balsamina L. were studied. The diploid chromosome number was found to be 2n=14 in all types of Impatiens balsamina. Interphase chromosome volume was found to range from 0.1665Î¼3 (violet type) to 0.3904 Î¼3 (red type). The maximum total chromatin length (24.73Î¼m) was observed in pink type and minimum (11.70Î¼m) in violet type. Maximum total frequency percent (50.00%) was found in both foreign types (red and violet) and minimum (48.03%) in violet type. The karyotype analysis revealed that there was no secondary constriction and sub-terminal chromosome in any of the seven types belonging to Impatiens balsamina. So, on the basis of karyotypic analysis the present findings indicated that all the types of Impatiens balsamina were of primitive nature. Key words: Karyotype, Nuclear phenotype, Impatiens balsamina L. Â doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2155 Â Â J. bio-sci. 15: 147-152, 2007
Status of Aquarium Fisheries of Rajshahi City
Authors: Mohsin ABM , Haque Md Emdadul , Islam Md Nazrul 
Published: March 2009

An aquarium is an enclosed body of water containing a mixture of selected and unselected captive living aquatic organism. It is essentially unstable and to obtain stability must be carefully designed and managed (Suxena 2003). Recently aquarium technology means that the technical problems of keening aquatic animals have in principle been solved. It includes about water preparation and the constant monitoring of water quality i.e. pH, hardness, dissolve oxygen, temperature etc. and for this heater, pumps and filter is used. For first time colorful fishes are imported in our country in 1992 and the business was confined in some limited shops of Katabaon area of Dhaka city. But now this business is very common in all over the country (Akhter 1995). It is not only enhancing the beauty of a house but also it is a source of recreation. Japanese can realize the presage of earthquake or can predict about natural disaster by watching the sudden movement of the aquarium fishes (Shafi 1998). Similarly to get rid of mental stress, watching fish is reported well and this also helps to decrease the high blood pressure (Hervert 1999). In Rajshahi city aquarium business started at the last decade and it is spreading rapidly. So development of aquarium fisheries is highly significant here. Â doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2159 J. bio-sci. 15: 169-171, 2007
La grippe espagnole (1918-1919) dans les journaux français
Authors: Bouron Françoise 
Published: March 2009

La grippe espagnole (1918-1919) dans les journaux français La grippe espagnole (1918-1919) a fait plus de 20 millions de morts à travers le monde... plus que la Première Guerre mondiale. Et pourtant, pendant plusieurs mois, les journaux français restent silencieux. Mais il est vrai que la grippe fait moins peur que le choléra ou la peste, et que les journaux ont d’autres priorités en cette année 1918. Il faudra attendre octobre 1918 pour trouver dans la presse, et presque quotidiennement cette fois, des articles qui publient des conseils de médecins et font état des chiffres de la grippe.
Invasion ou libération ?
Authors: Bègue Sandrine 
Published: March 2009

Invasion ou libération ? Quatorze années d’impasse diplomatique sur le départ portugais de la côte occidentale indienne auront finalement convaincu Nehru de risquer sa réputation pacifiste sur la scène internationale en prenant par les armes les établissements de Goa, Daman et Diu. Lancée à l’aube du 18 décembre 1961, cette opération militaire d’envergure contre trois poussières d’Empire illustre l’ambiguïté d’une décolonisation que le Pandit s’efforce parallèlement d’inscrire, auprès de la communauté internationale, dans une démarche libératrice attendue. L’analyse de cette fameuse journée du 18 décembre proposée ici s’attachera ainsi à saisir la réalité d’un gouvernement colonial agonisant, abandonné de la métropole et n’ayant survécu à Goa qu’à travers le contrat tacite passé avec une population locale attachée au maintien de ses particularismes culturels.
Un droit de gauche ?
Authors: Israël Liora 
Published: March 2009

Résumé Cet article porte sur les nouvelles formes d'engagement politiques et professionnels des juristes de gauche dans les « années 68 ». Saisis à partir des événements eux-mêmes, en tant qu'ils ont aussi concerné des juristes (comme défenseurs et comme membres de l'Université notamment), il prend en compte les mises en formes politiques du droit caractéristiques de la période. Ces engagements se sont traduits à différents niveaux : par la création de syndicats d'avocats ou de magistrats ; via la constitution d'organisations contestataires ou critiques fondées pour tout ou partie sur des juristes ; à travers la remise en cause des pratiques professionnelles classiques des avocats, par exemple avec le développement des boutiques de droit. Nous montrerons comment ces engagements et ces pratiques ont contribué à remettre en cause et à transformer partiellement les modèles professionnels, et symétriquement comment, à travers l'engagement de ces juristes, le droit s'est intégré dans les formes de contestation propres aux années 70.
La prédication seconde en français : essai de mise au point
Authors: Havu Eva , Pierrard Michel 
Published: March 2009

Résumé La prédication seconde a fait l’objet de diverses tentatives de définition de la catégorie et de nombreuses études ont été menées sur des tours particuliers qui peuvent y être rattachés. L’examen des principales contributions sur la question nous a tout d’abord permis de dégager six traits récurrents généralement associés à la prédication seconde : l’instauration d’un lien prédicatif et l’absence d’une forme verbale (conjuguée) (syntaxe interne), l’établissement d’un rapport de dépendance de préd2 envers la prédication régissante et l’intégration syntaxique de préd2 dans celle-ci (syntaxe externe), ainsi que la position périphérique de préd2 par rapport à la structure argumentale de l’énoncé et l’apport de sens facultatif de préd2 (caractère accessoire de préd2 ). Dans un second temps, nous avons confronté les tours répertoriés à ces traits caractérisateurs, ce qui nous a permis de constater qu’aucun de ces tours ne répond pleinement à l’ensemble des traits. A partir de ces observations, nous discutons diverses questions : le caractère fermé de la catégorie de la prédication seconde, l’extension de son domaine et l’affinement de la description de certains tours particuliers.
L'apposition : une construction multiforme
Authors: Caddéo Sandrine 
Published: March 2009

Résumé La description de quelques nouvelles configurations à détachement conforte l’idée déjà présente chez Van den Bussche (1988) que certains types de segments apposés se comportent comme de véritables compléments adnominaux dont la constitution est parfois prédictible puisque contrainte par les traits syntactico-sémantiques du support et la contiguïté (quasi-) obligatoire. Il s’agit généralement de la catégorie des noms. D’autres types dits « détachés » bénéficient, eux, d’une relative liberté quant à leur forme et leur position. Le pronom non clitique, les groupes à spécifieurs (avec adverbes, prépositions, etc.) et la dislocation qualitative selon l’étiquette de Milner (1973) en font partie. Le lien avec le support s’établit dans un premier temps par les effets sémantiques qu’ils apportent : focalisation, partition, effet paradigmatisant, etc.
Les quantifieurs flottants sont des attributs totalisants
Authors: Larrivée Pierre 
Published: March 2009

Résumé Cette contribution avance que les quantifieurs flottants (QF) sont des attributs, les faisant relever de la problématique plus générale de la prédication seconde. La normalisation du statut grammatical de ces items amène à explorer l’extension de la classe qu’ils constituent. Cette classe est étendue à ensemble, tous (les) deux , seuls par certaines études, et la nôtre entend montrer que l’un l’autre , eux-mêmes , eux autres notamment ont les comportements qui les y apparentent. Si ces expressions ont dans l’emploi flottant fonction d’attribut, il faut se demander quelle propriété elles confèrent au nominal auquel elles renvoient. Cette propriété est d’indiquer la situation de l’intégralité des occurrences de l’ensemble, situation quantitative, présentative ou contrastive, distributive, globalisante ou réflexive ; une partition exprimable directement en anglais ( The guests were some of them condemning the countess ) étant indiquée par le biais d’une préposition en français ( Les invités ont pour quelques-uns d’entre eux condamné la comtesse ). Tous les membres de l’ensemble argument se trouvent concernés par l’événement prédicat, voilà l’indication qui constitue la raison d’être de ces attributs quantitatifs.
Carbon Nanotubes and Nanocomposites for Electrical and Thermal Applications
Authors: Wang Wei , Lu Fushen , Veca Lucia Monica , Meziani Mohammed J. , Wang Xin , Cao Li , Gu Lingrong , Sun Ya‐Ping 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The extraordinary electrical and thermal properties of individual carbon nanotubes have prompted predictions on their potentials for ultimately forming polymeric nanocomposites. A significant barrier for the predicted nanocomposites is the severe bundling and insolubility of carbon nanotubes. Chemical modification and functionalization have been demonstrated as being effective in the debundling and solubilization of carbon nanotubes for their homogeneous dispersion into polymer matrices for desired high‐quality nanocomposites. More elegant is the approach to use polymers that are structurally identical or maximally similar to the matrix polymers in the nanotube functionalization to ensure full compatibility of the functionalized nanotubes with the corresponding polymer matrix. Several representative examples are presented, along with discussion on the benefits and issues concerning the polymeric nanocomposites thus obtained. For superior electrical properties, there is experimental evidence suggesting that the nanotube dispersion in the polymer matrix plays an important role. More promising is the use of separated metallic carbon nanotubes for a much enhanced performance in conductive nanocomposites and in related applications, such as transparent conductive films. For highly thermal conductive polymeric nanocomposites, on the other hand, the feasibility of using carbon nanotubes to achieve the desired performance has yet to be convincingly demonstrated experimentally. Nevertheless, the available results do suggest significant effects of the nanotube dispersion and alignment on thermal conductivities of the nanocomposites.
A Mild, One‐Pot Synthesis of Arylamines via Palladium‐ Catalyzed Addition of Aryl Aldehydes with Amines and Arylboronic Acids in Water
Authors: Yu Ajuan , Wu Yangjie , Cheng Baoli , Wei Kun , Li Jingya 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA mild, one‐pot synthesis of diarylmethylamines via the palladium‐catalyzed addition of aryl aldehydes with amines and arylboronic acids is reported. Best results were obtained in neat water with ammonium chloride as additive, affording diarylmethylamine derivatives as the main products.
Multiple joint dislocations: An additional skeletal finding in Lowry–Wood syndrome?
Authors: Magnani Cinzia , Tedesco Salvatore Antonio , Dallaglio Sara , Sommi Marcello , Bacchini Ermanno , Vetro Annalisa , Zuffardi Orsetta , Bevilacqua Giulio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report on the case of a 17‐year‐old boy with clinical features compatible with Lowry–Wood syndrome: microcephaly, short stature, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, tapetoretinal degeneration, and mental retardation. Bilateral restricted elbow extension, knock knees and hip dislocation were also present. Radiographs showed evidence of radial dislocation due to the absence of the radial heads, lateral dislocation of both patellae, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia that was more severe at the proximal femoral epiphyses, and dislocation of both hips with severe hip dysplasia. The patient developed a behavioral disorder at age 15. Conventional karyotyping was normal (46,XY). Molecular karyotyping, performed through array‐based competitive genomic hybridization, showed copy number variants that were probably benign. We suggest that multiple joint dislocations, including the patellae, may be a sign of Lowry–Wood syndrome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The feeding ecology and activity budget of proboscis monkeys
Authors: Matsuda Ikki , Tuuga Augustine , Higashi Seigo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA group of proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) consisting of an alpha‐male, six adult females, and several immatures was observed from May 2005–2006. We collected over 1,968 hr of focal data on the adult male and 1,539 hr of focal data on the six females in a forest along the Menanggul River, Sabah, Malaysia. Availability and seasonal changes in plant species consumed by the focal monkeys were determined by vegetation surveys carried out across an area of 2.15 ha along 200–500 m trails in riverine forest. A total of 188 plant species were consumed by the focal monkeys. The activity budget of members of our study group was 76.5% resting, 19.5% feeding, and 3.5% moving. Young leaves (65.9%) and fruits (25.9%) accounted for the majority of feeding time. Over 90% of fruit feeding involved the consumption of unripe fruits and in the majority of case both the fruit flesh and seeds were eaten. Although fruit eating was rare in some months, during other times of the year time fruit feeding exceeded the time devoted to young leaves. We found that monthly fruit availability was positively related to monthly fruit eating and feeding activity, and seasonal fluctuations in dietary diversity were significantly affected by fruit eating. These results suggest that fruit availability and fruit‐eating behaviors are key factors that influence the activity budget of proboscis monkeys. Earlier assumptions that colobine monkeys are obligate folivores do not apply well to proboscis monkeys and certain other colobines. Our findings may help contribute to a better understanding of the dietary adaptations and feeding ecology of Asian colobines. Am. J. Primatol. 71:478–492, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic continuity after the collapse of the Wari empire: Mitochondrial DNA profiles from Wari and post‐Wari populations in the ancient Andes
Authors: Kemp Brian M. , Tung Tiffiny A. , Summar Marshall L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Wari empire flourished in the central, highland Peruvian Andes from AD 600–1000, and although the events that led to its demise are unknown, archaeological evidence indicates that Wari control waned at the end of the first millennium. Here, we test the hypothesis that, despite the major shift in social and political organization at the fall of the Wari empire, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) composition of populations from the Ayacucho Basin, the former imperial heartland of the empire, remained essentially unchanged. Results show that mtDNA haplogroup frequencies among the Wari and post‐Wari groups differ, but the difference is not statistically significant (χ2 = 5.886, df = 3, P = 0.1172). This is the first study in the Andes to use haplotypic data to evaluate the observed genetic distance between two temporally distinct prehispanic populations (FST = 0.029) against modeled expectations of four possible evolutionary scenarios. None of these simulations allowed the rejection of continuity. In total, at both the haplogroup and haplotype levels these data do not allow us to reject the hypothesis that post‐Wari individuals sampled in this study are the maternal descendants of those sampled from the Wari era site of Conchopata. However, genetic homogeneity in the mitochondrial gene pool, as seen in the late prehispanic southern Andes, may also characterize our study region. But, prior to this research, this was unknown. If our new data show mtDNA homogeneity, then this could limit the detection of female migration if, in fact, it occurred. Nonetheless, the novel mtDNA data presented here currently do not support the hypothesis that there was an influx of genetically distinct females into the former Wari heartland after the Wari collapse. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeting Bone Metastases with a Bispecific Anticancer and Antiangiogenic Polymer–Alendronate–Taxane Conjugate
Authors: Miller Keren , Erez Rotem , Segal Ehud , Shabat Doron , Satchi‐Fainaro Ronit 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEin polymeres Therapeutikum für die kombinierte Antikrebs‐ und antiangiogenetische Therapie inhibiert die Proliferation von Prostatakarzinomzellen sowie die Proliferation, Migration und Röhrenbildung von Endothelzellen. Das Nanokonjugat besteht aus einem N‐(2‐Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamid(HPMA)‐Copolymer, dem Bisphosphonat Alendronat (zur Ansteuerung von Knochengewebe) und dem Chemotherapeutikum Paclitaxel (PTX), das durch Cathepsin B abgespalten wird (siehe Schema).magnified image
Enhanced Hydrogen Storage by Palladium Nanoparticles Fabricated in a Redox‐Active Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Cheon Young Eun , Suh Myunghyun Paik 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRichtig schnell: Palladiumnanopartikel (PdNPs) wurden einfach durch Eintauchen von {[Zn3(ntb)2(EtOH)2]⋅4 EtOH}n (1) in eine MeCN‐Lösung von Pd(NO3)2 bei Raumtemperatur ohne Zugabe eines Reduktionsmittels hergestellt. Mit 3 Gew.‐% PdNPs@[1]0.54+(NO3−)0.54 ist die H2‐Aufnahme gegenüber der von [Zn3(ntb)2]n sowohl bei 77 K und 1 bar als auch bei 298 K und hohen Drücken (siehe Bild) deutlich erhöht (rote bzw. schwarze Kurve). ntb=4,4′,4′′‐Nitrilotrisbenzoat.magnified image
PELDOR Spectroscopy Distance Fingerprinting of the Octameric Outer‐Membrane Protein Wza from Escherichia coli.
Authors: Hagelueken Gregor , Ingledew W. John , Huang Hexian , Petrovic‐Stojanovska Biljana , Whitfield Chris , ElMkami Hassane , Schiemann Olav , Naismith James H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFingerabdruck eines Membranproteins: Durch gepulste Elektronendoppelresonanz(PELDOR)‐Spektroskopie wurde für das Periplasma des octameren Membranprotein‐Komplexes Wza aus E. coli ein detaillierter Abstands‐„Fingerabdruck“ erhalten, der mit Daten der Kristallstruktur in Einklang ist. Die Resultate bilden die Grundlage für eine Untersuchung von Konformationsänderungen bei der Wechselwirkung mit anderen Proteinen.magnified image
Gas‐Phase Synthesis and Reactivity of the Lithium Acetate Enolate Anion, −CH2CO2Li
Authors: Meyer Matthew M. , Khairallah George N. , Kass Steven R. , O'Hair Richard A. J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractProtonenverlust im Flug: Das Lithiumacetat‐Enolation, ein prototypisches Lithiumsalz eines in α‐Stellung deprotonierten Carboxylats, wurde in der Gasphase durch Elektrosprayionisation (ESI) und stoßinduzierte Ionisation (CID) hergestellt. Seine Struktur, Reaktivität und Energetik werden ebenso vorgestellt wie die Resultate von Rechnungen auf hohem Niveau.magnified image
Nonisothermal decomposition kinetics of nylon 1010/POSS composites
Authors: Yu Haiyang , Ren Wentan , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe thermal stability of nylon 1010/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) composites prepared by melt blending was investigated with thermogravimetric analysis. The octavinyl POSS (vPOSS) and epoxycyclohexyl POSS (ePOSS) were used, and it was found that nylon/vPOSS composites have higher integral procedure decomposition temperature and char yield at 800°C than nylon/ePOSS composites. The Doyle–Ozawa (model‐free) and Friedman (model‐fitting) methods were used to characterize the nonisothermal decomposition kinetics of nylon 1010 and its composites. The activation energy (Ea), reaction order (n), and the natural logarithm of frequency factor of nylon 1010 were 267 kJ/mol, 1.0, and 47 min−1, respectively, in nitrogen. After the addition of POSS, the Ea of nylon 1010 considerably increased, whereas n had less change. The Ea steadily increased with increasing conversion and with increasing heating rate. The lifetime of nylon 1010 and its composites decreased with increasing temperature. At a given temperature, POSS significantly prolonged the lifetime of nylon 1010. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009