bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational study on the mechanism for the gas‐phase reaction of dimethyl disulfide with OH
Authors: Wang Wenliang , Xin Jingfan , Zhang Yue , Wang Weina , Lu Yanxia 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe mechanisms for the reaction of CH3SSCH3 with OH radical are investigated at the QCISD(T)/6‐311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. Five channels have been obtained and six transition state structures have been located for the title reaction. The initial association between CH3SSCH3 and OH, which forms two low‐energy adducts named as CH3S(OH)SCH3 (IM1 and IM2), is confirmed to be a barrierless process, The SS bond rupture and HS bond formation of IM1 lead to the products P1(CH3SH + CH3SO) with a barrier height of 40.00 kJ mol−1. The reaction energy of Path 1 is −74.04 kJ mol−1. P1 is the most abundant in view of both thermodynamics and dynamics. In addition, IMs can lead to the products P2 (CH3S + CH3SOH), P3 (H2O + CH2S + CH3S), P4 (CH3 + CH3SSOH), and P5 (CH4 + CH3SSO) by addition‐elimination or hydrogen abstraction mechanism. All products are thermodynamically favorable except for P4 (CH3 + CH3SSOH). The reaction energies of Path 2, Path 3, Path 4, and Path 5 are −28.42, −46.90, 28.03, and −89.47 kJ mol−1, respectively. Path 5 is the least favorable channel despite its largest exothermicity (−89.47 kJ mol−1) because this process must undergo two barriers of TS5 (109.0 kJ mol−1) and TS6 (25.49 kJ mol−1). Hopefully, the results presented in this study may provide helpful information on deep insight into the reaction mechanism. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
SMM rootkit: a new breed of OS independent malware
Authors: Embleton Shawn , Sparks Sherri , Zou Cliff C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe emergence of hardware virtualization technology has led to the development of OS independent malware such as the virtual machine‐based rootkits (VMBRs). In this paper, we draw attention to a different but related threat that exists on many commodity systems in operation today: The system management Mode based rootkit (SMBR). System Management mode (SMM) is a relatively obscure mode on Intel processors used for low‐level hardware control. It has its own private memory space and execution environment which is generally invisible to code running outside (e.g., the Operating System). Furthermore, SMM code is completely non‐preemptible, lacks any concept of privilege level, and is immune to memory protection mechanisms. These features make it a potentially attractive home for stealthy rootkits used for high‐profile targeted attacks. In this paper, we present our development of a proof of concept SMM rootkit. In it, we explore the potential of system management mode for malicious use by implementing a chipset level keylogger and a network backdoor capable of directly interacting with the network card to send logged keystrokes to a remote machine via UDP and receive remote command packets stealthily. By modifying and reflashing the BIOS, the SMM rootkit can install itself on a computer even if the computer has originally locked its SMM. The rootkit hides its memory footprint and requires no changes to the existing operating system. It is compared and contrasted with VMBRs. Finally, techniques to defend against these threats are explored. By taking an offensive perspective we hope to help security researchers better understand the depth and scope of the problems posed by an emerging class of OS independent malware. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic identity‐based single password anti‐phishing protocol
Authors: Sood Sandeep K. , Sarje Anil K. , Singh Kuldip 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the password‐based authentication, password reuse rate increases because the users tend to use the same password with more and more accounts. An average user finds it difficult to remember several complex passwords and hence it is difficult to prevent phishing and dictionary attacks. In 2007, Gouda et al. proposed a single password protocol for HTTP authentication that allows the user to choose a single password of his choice for multiple online accounts on different web servers. It provides to the user the flexibility of changing his password for all accounts on different web servers. However, we found that Gouda et al.'s protocol is not secure against offline dictionary attack, denial of service attack and man‐in‐the‐middle attack in the presence of an active attacker. An improvement to Gouda et al.'s protocol is proposed that resists offline dictionary attack and denial of service attack but cannot resists man‐in‐the‐middle attack. Moreover, it is found that Gouda et al.'s protocol is not repairable for man‐in‐the‐middle attack. In this paper, we present a new single password‐based anti‐phishing protocol that resolves aforementioned problems and is secure against different possible attacks. In this protocol, the client machine's browser generates a dynamic identity and a dynamic password for each login request to the server. The dynamic identity and dynamic password will be different for the same client in different sessions of the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol. The client's password verifier information for different online accounts is stored on the server protected with a hash function, nonce value and the private key of the server. The proposed protocol makes financial transactions more secure on the web as it is practical and efficient. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fhl2 Interacts with Foxk1 and Corepresses Foxo4 Activity in Myogenic Progenitors
Authors: Shi Xiaozhong , Bowlin Kathy M. , Garry Daniel J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle has a remarkable regenerative capacity because of a myogenic progenitor cell population. Using a gene disruption strategy, we determined that Foxk1 regulates myogenic progenitor cell activation and muscle regeneration. In this study, we undertook a yeast two hybrid screen to identify Foxk1 interacting proteins. We identified the LIM-only protein, Fhl2, as a Foxk1 interacting protein. Using transcriptional assays, we observed that Fhl2, in a dose-dependent fashion, promotes Foxk1 transcriptional repression of Foxo4 activity. Using histochemical and immunohistochemical assays, we further established that Fhl2 is expressed in the myogenic progenitor cell population. Fhl2 knockdown results in cell cycle arrest, and mice lacking Fhl2 have perturbed skeletal muscle regeneration. Collectively, these studies define a Fhl2-Foxk1 cascade that regulates the myogenic progenitor cell activity in adult skeletal muscle and enhances our understanding of muscle regeneration.
Clinical and placental characteristics in four new cases of twin anemia–polycythemia sequence
Authors: Weingertner A. S. , Kohler A. , Kohler M. , Bouffet N. , Hunsinger M. C. , Mager C. , Hornecker F. , Neumann M. , Schmerber E. , Tanghe M. , Viville B. , Favre R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe report and analyze four new cases of spontaneous twin anemia–polycythemia sequence (TAPS) and discuss antenatal management by fetoscopic laser coagulation for this uncommon form of chronic intertwin transfusion. The clinical course and placental characteristics of four pairs of monochorionic–diamniotic (MCDA) twins with spontaneous TAPS, of which one was treated with fetoscopic laser surgery, are described. For the three cases that did not undergo intrauterine intervention, serial Doppler measurement revealed a gradual increase in the middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) in the donor and a concomitant decrease in the recipient. These twins were born at between 32 and 34 weeks' gestation by Cesarean section. At birth, the donor twins were severely anemic and the recipient twins were polycythemic. Placental injection studies revealed a few small arteriovenous (AV) and venoarterial anastomoses. In the fourth case, because of the high suspicion of TAPS on MCA‐PSV data at 24 weeks' gestation, fetoscopic laser coagulation of three small AV anastomoses was successfully performed. No hematological abnormalities were detected at birth. TAPS is a newly described form of chronic twin‐to‐twin transfusion associated with chronic anemia in the donor and polycythemia in the recipient, without twin oligo‐polyhydramnios sequence (TOPS). The monitoring of MCDA pregnancies should include measurement of MCA‐PSV in both fetuses even in the absence of intertwin discordance in amniotic fluid volume. Early detection of TAPS could indicate fetoscopic laser coagulation of AV anastomoses. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal thigh volumetry by three‐dimensional ultrasound: comparison between multiplanar and VOCAL™ techniques
Authors: Beninni J. R. , Faro C. , Marussi E. F. , Barini R. , Peralta C. F. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the agreement between multiplanar and Virtual Organ Computer‐aided AnaLysis (VOCAL™) techniques for the measurement of total fetal thigh volume and to assess the repeatability and reproducibility of measurements performed using these methods; to derive birth weight‐predicting models for both methods and to compare their accuracies.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of 150 singleton pregnancies at 30–42 weeks of gestation in which ultrasound volumes of the fetal thigh were obtained within 48 hours of delivery and measured using multiplanar and VOCAL techniques. Bland–Altman analyses were performed to determine the agreement between the two methods, and to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver variability in a subset of 40 patients. Birth weight‐predicting models were derived using total fetal thigh volumes obtained using the VOCAL (ThiV) and multiplanar (ThiM) methods as independent variables. The accuracies of these formulas were compared.ResultsThe mean percentage difference between measurements performed using the VOCAL technique and the multiplanar technique was −0.04 and the 95% limits of agreement were −8.17 and 8.09. The mean percentage difference and 95% limits of agreement between paired measurements in the assessment of intraobserver and interobserver variability were −1.10 (−7.67 to 5.47) and 0.61 (−7.68 to 8.91) for the VOCAL technique and 1.03 (−6.35 to 8.41) and −0.68 (−11.42 to 10.06) for the multiplanar method, respectively. The best‐fit formulas for predicting birth weight (BW) were: BW = 1025.383 + 12.775× ThiV; and BW = 1033.286 + 12.733× ThiM. There was no significant difference between the accuracies of these formulas.ConclusionsThere is good agreement between the VOCAL and multiplanar techniques for assessment of total fetal thigh volume. Measurements performed using both methods are repeatable and reproducible. For prediction of birth weight, the formulas generated in this study can be used interchangeably. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of fetal urine production to differentiate causes of increased amniotic fluid volume
Authors: Lee S. M. , Jun J. K. , Lee E. J. , Lee J. H. , Park C.‐W. , Park J. S. , Syn H. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivesIn polyhydramnios, amniotic fluid (AF) volume can be increased not only as a result of increased fetal urine production, but also due to several other factors, including impairment of both fetal swallowing and gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of AF. Our aim was to evaluate whether measurement of the fetal urine production rate (UPR) can be used to differentiate the causes of increased AF volume.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 54 pregnant women with an increased amniotic fluid index (AFI), defined as AFI ≥ 18 cm, divided into two groups according to the presence of fetal anomalies that are associated with impairment of fetal swallowing or decreased GI absorption of AF (Group 1, n = 14) or the absence of fetal anomalies (Group 2, n = 40). The control group included 96 normal pregnancies with normal AFI (8 ≤ AFI < 18 cm) (Group 3). Fetal UPR was obtained by serial bladder volume measurements (two to four times, with a median interval of 5 min between each) using the rotational method of Virtual Organ Computer‐aided AnaLysis (VOCAL™) with three‐dimensional ultrasound. To adjust for fetal weight (Wt) and gestational age (GA), UPR_Wt and UPR_SD were calculated using the following formulae: UPR_Wt = measured UPR/estimated fetal weight and UPR_SD = (measured UPR − mean UPR for each GA)/SD of UPR for each GA.ResultsThe AFI was increased significantly in Groups 1 and 2 compared with Group 3. However, the median fetal UPR in Group 1 did not differ from that of Group 3, in contrast to the higher median fetal UPR in Group 2 compared with Groups 1 and 3; this difference remained significant after adjusting for GA and estimated fetal weight in terms of UPR_SD and UPR_Wt. In Groups 2 and 3, AFI and UPR had a positive correlation in terms of UPR, UPR_SD and UPR_Wt.ConclusionsOur findings that fetal UPR is significantly increased in cases with increased AFI without fetal anomalies, but not in those with increased AFI and fetal anomalies involving decreased GI absorption of AF, might be used to differentiate causes of increased AF volume. In the absence of fetal anomalies, AFI and fetal UPR correlate positively. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risks and Adequacy of an Optimized Surgical Approach to the Primary Surgical Management of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Treated During 1999–2006
Authors: Grant Clive S. , Stulak John M. , Thompson Geoffrey B. , Richards Melanie L. , Reading Carl C. , Hay Ian D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundIntense disease surveillance and frequent lymph node metastases (LNMs) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have resulted in increased locoregional recurrences. We examined the safety and efficacy of an optimized surgical approach including preoperative ultrasonograpy (US), bilateral thyroidectomy, routine compartment VI dissection, and lateral neck dissection for LNM.MethodsDuring 1999–2006, a total of 420 patients underwent optimized primary surgery; 291(69%) females, median age 46 years; follow‐up 98%, median 4.4 years. Patients were reviewed for tumor characteristics, pattern of LNM, staging, and outcomes.ResultsTotal or near‐total thyroidectomy was performed in 212 (51%) and 208 (49%) patients, respectively. Tumors were multicentric, 40% (average 1.7 cm); were bilateral, 30%; and showed extrathyroidal extension, 17%. Overall, 223 (53%) patients had LNMs: 213 (51%) were central and 85 (20%) were lateral jugular. pTNM staging: I, 258 (61%); II, 35 (8%); III, 88 (21%); IV, 39 (9%). AGES (age, grade, extension, and size—thyroid tumor; and MACIS (metastasis, age, completeness of resection, invasion, and size) prognostic scores were low risk in 362 (86%) and 352 (84%), respectively. Relapse developed in 57 (14%) patients: LNM in 44, soft tissue local recurrence (LR) in 5, distant metastases (DM) in 8. Hypoparathyroidism occurred in 5 (1.2%) patients and 1 had unintentional laryngeal nerve damage. Relapse with LNM occurred in previously operated fields in 19 (5%) patients, 11(3%) from disease virulence (LR or DM), preoperative false‐negative (FN) US in 12 (3%), and combination of FN‐US and recurrence in the operated field in 5 (1%) patients.ConclusionsRecurrence was limited to 5% of patients when the extent of disease was accurately defined and potentially curable. This optimized surgical strategy is relatively safe.
Mortality‐Related Factors in 1056 Radioiodine‐Treated Patients with Well‐Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Southern Thailand
Authors: Yipintsoi Tada , Premprabha Teerapon , Geater Alan , Thientunyakij Tanyaluck , Thongmak Suchitra 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundReported risk factors for death related to well differentiated thyroid cancer vary, possibly depending on the methods and geographical site of data collection.MethodTo evaluate variables related to death in well‐differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) in a population of southern Thailand, we retrospectively reviewed medical records of all those treated with radioactive iodine (I‐131) at the Division of Nuclear Medicine from 1983 to 2002. We found 1056 subjects. Variables examined included present status of subjects (transfer, lost, died), cause of death (related and not related to WDTC), duration of follow‐up since surgery, largest size of tumor (when available), gender, histology (follicular or papillary, with mixed included in papillary), age of surgery, and site of spread when treated. Survival from WDTC death utilized Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression analysis.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 7 years, while only 4 years elapsed from surgery for those who died. We did not know the status of 16% of the subjects despite attempts to contact them. Survival was not affected by age, gender, or maximum size of tumor. Age at surgery was significant only for the group older than 55 years, with a 10‐year survival of 76%. The spread of the disease that affected survival can be localized to the aerodigestive tract (10‐year survival of 65%) and metastases associated with bone fracture (10‐year survival 34%), while other metastases (including asymptomatic bone metastases) exhibited a 10‐year survival of 93%. Neither lymph node spread nor elevated Tg at maximum stimulation predicted survival.ConclusionsTo better predict survival of WDTC, site of spread and degree of spread has to be specific.
Genetic correlation between behavioural traits in relation to death‐feigning behaviour
Authors: Nakayama Satoshi , Nishi Yusuke , Miyatake Takahisa 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIndividuals frequently behave in a consistent manner across time or in different situations. We examined the repeatability of duration of death‐feigning anti‐predator behaviour when attacked, and then carried out artificial selection for duration to calculate its heritability and examine correlated responses to selection in activity levels, in the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum. Three replicates of two strains were established by artificial selection for more than 17 generations: S strains exhibited shorter duration and lower frequency of death feigning while L strains exhibited longer duration and higher frequency of death feigning. Duration of death feigning clearly responded to selection, and significant value of realized heritability was detected in all replicates of the two strains. Examination of locomotor activity levels over a constant period showed that S strains had higher locomotor activity levels than L strains. No significant differences between the sexes were observed. Our study thus demonstrates heritability of death feigning and the existence of a negative genetic correlation between intensity of death feigning and activity level.
Dietary patterns and risk of asthma: results from three countries in European Community Respiratory Health Survey-II
Authors: Hooper Richard , Heinrich Joachim , Omenaas Ernst , Sausenthaler Stefanie , Garcia-Larsen Vanessa , Bakolis Ioannis , Burney Peter 
Published: December 2009

Dietary patterns offer an alternative to the analysis of individual foods or nutrients in nutritional epidemiological studies. The aim of the present study was to identify dietary patterns common to different European countries and examine their associations with asthma. In five study centres (two in Germany, two in the UK and one in Norway), 1174 adults aged 29–55 years completed a FFQ and respiratory symptoms questionnaire. A meta-analytic approach was used to identify the dietary patterns and analyse them in relation to current asthma, asthma symptoms and bronchial responsiveness (BHR). Two patterns emerged, generally correlating with the same foods at different centres: one associated with intake of meats and potatoes; the other with fish, fruits and vegetables. There was no evidence that the fish, fruits and vegetables pattern was associated with asthma (OR 1·11 (95 % CI 0·93, 1·33)), symptom score (ratio of means 1·07 (0·98, 1·17)) or BHR (regression coefficient − 0·01 ( − 0·12, 0·10)), though these CI appeared to rule out large protective effects of consuming these foods. There was no overall evidence that the meat and potato pattern was associated with asthma (OR 1·02 (0·79, 1·31)), symptom score (ratio of means 1·07 (0·84, 1·36)) or BHR (regression coefficient − 0·08 ( − 0·27, 0·10)), but there was heterogeneity between centres in the association with symptom score: a negative association at the two German centres; a positive association at the others. Heterogeneity in a multi-centre observational study of diet could suggest alternative explanations for apparent effects of diet, such as uncontrolled confounding.
Variations in compliance with starchy food recommendations and consumption of types of starchy foods according to sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics
Authors: Touvier Mathilde , Méjean Caroline , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Vergnaud Anne-Claire , Péneau Sandrine , Hercberg Serge , Castetbon Katia 
Published: December 2009

Nutritional recommendations call for balanced, diversified consumption of starchy foods and increased whole-grain food intake. Their efficiency may depend on sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, for which little information is available. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and starchy food consumption in a large general population of French adults. Dietary intake was assessed using at least six 24-h dietary records collected, during a 2-year period, from 4574 men and women aged 45–60 years who participated in the Supplémentation en VItamines Minéraux et AntioXydants cohort study in 1995–7. Compliance with the recommendation ( ≥ 3 and < 6 servings/d), non-consumption of whole-grain products, variety and daily cost were compared across sociodemographic and socioeconomic categories using logistic regression and covariance analyses. About 55 % of subjects complied with the starchy food recommendation, with little variation across sociodemographic characteristics. Consumption of whole-grain products was less likely in men (P = 0·001), in subjects with a lower education level (P-trend = 0·01) and in those belonging to intermediate occupational categories (P = 0·02). The variety of starchy food intake increased with education level (P-trend = 0·0002) and was lowest for manual workers (P = 0·03). The proportion of daily food cost spent on starchy foods decreased with occupational category (P < 0·0001), and was higher in rural areas (P = 0·0004). The starchy food budget spent on potatoes decreased with the educational level (P-trend = 0·007), whereas it increased for rice and unsweetened breakfast cereals (P-trend = 0·001 for both). Public recommendations concerning starchy food variety and whole-grain intake should specifically target subjects with a lower education level and/or occupational category.