bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infliximab for Diabetic Macular Edema Refractory to Laser Photocoagulation
Authors: Sfikakis Petros P. , Grigoropoulos Vlassis , Emfietzoglou Ioannis , Theodossiadis George , Tentolouris Nicholas , Delicha Evi , Katsiari Christina , Alexiadou Kleopatra , Hatziagelaki Erifili , Theodossiadis Panayiotis G. 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE
Because many patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) do not respond to focal/grid laser photocoagulation, the only currently approved treatment, alternatives are needed. Based on encouraging preliminary findings, we aimed to assess efficacy and safety of the anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibody infliximab in this condition.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Eleven patients with sight-threatening DME persisting after two sessions of laser photocoagulation received infliximab (5 mg/kg) intravenously at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 14, followed by placebo at weeks 16, 18, 22, and 30, or vice versa. Blinding was maintained to week 32, when the final assessments were performed. Best corrected visual acuity evaluated by a mixed-models approach for imbalanced crossover design using the percentage difference as the outcome variable was the primary study end point. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis.

RESULTS
Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) scores dropped from 31.6 ± 5.1 (mean ± SD) letters read at baseline to 28.8 ± 11.6 letters read at week 16 in six placebo-treated eyes and improved to 35.4 ± 11.2 letters read after infliximab. In contrast, visual acuity improved from 23.5 ± 10.3 at baseline to 30.4 ± 13.4 letters read at week 16 in eight infliximab-treated eyes and was sustained at completion of placebo treatment (31.4 ± 12.1 letters read). The excess visual acuity in infliximab-treated eyes was greater by 24.3% compared with that in placebo-treated eyes (95% CI 4.8–43.7; P = 0.017). Infliximab treatment was well tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS
The positive results of this small phase III study suggest that larger and longer term trials should be conducted to assess the efficacy of systemic or intravitreal anti-TNF agent administration for primary treatment of DME.
Midfoot and Hindfoot Bone Marrow Edema Identified By Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Feet of Subjects With Diabetes and Neuropathic Ulceration Is Common but of Unknown Clinical Significance
Authors: Thorning Chandani , Gedroyc Wladyslaw M.W. , Tyler Philippa A. , Dick Elizabeth A. , Hui Elaine , Valabhji Jonathan 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE
We conducted a retrospective cohort study assessing the prevalence and clinical and radiological outcome of remote areas of bone marrow edema on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the feet of subjects with diabetes and neuropathic foot ulceration.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
MRIs performed over 6 years looking for osteomyelitis associated with neuropathic lesions were assessed for remote areas of signal change.

RESULTS
Seventy MRI studies were assessed. Remote areas of signal change were present in 21 (30%) subjects, involved midfoot or hindfoot in 20 subjects, were associated with younger age and renal replacement therapy, and did not predict future Charcot neuroarthropathy or infection at that site. Repeat MRIs in 11 subjects with such areas found that none had progressed, six had improved, and two had resolved; in 29 subjects without such areas, five had developed new areas.

CONCLUSIONS
Bone marrow edema in the midfoot and hindfoot of subjects with diabetes and neuropathic lesions is common, often transient, and of unknown significance.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Older Men and Women
Authors: Hassinen Maija , Lakka Timo A. , Hakola Leena , Savonen Kai , Komulainen Pirjo , Litmanen Hannu , Kiviniemi Vesa , Kouki Reija , Heikkilá Harri , Rauramaa Rainer 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE
We studied the association of maximum oxygen uptake (Vo2max) with the development and resolution of metabolic syndrome (MetS) for 2 years in older individuals.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Subjects were a population sample of 1,226 men and women aged 57–78 years. We assessed Vo2max directly by respiratory gas analysis during maximum exercise testing and used dichotomous and continuous variables for MetS.

RESULTS
One SD increase in baseline Vo2max associated with 44% (95% CI 24–58) decreased risk of developing MetS. Individuals in the highest third of baseline Vo2max were 68% (37–84) less likely to develop MetS than those in the lowest third. One SD increase in Vo2max increased the likelihood to resolve MetS 1.8 (1.2–2.8) times. Individuals in the highest Vo2max third were 3.9 (1.5–9.9) times more likely to resolve MetS than those in the lowest third.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness protect against MetS and may resolve it in older individuals.
Pericardial Adipose Tissue, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Authors: Liu Jiankang , Fox Caroline S. , Hickson DeMarc , Sarpong Daniel , Ekunwe Lynette , May Warren D. , Hundley Gregory W. , Carr J. Jeffery , Taylor Herman A. 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE
Pericardial adipose tissue (PAT), a regional fat depot that surrounds the heart, is associated with an unfavorable cardiometabolic risk factor profile. The associations among PAT, cardiometabolic risk factors, and coronary artery calcification (CAC) and abdominal aortic artery calcification (AAC) in African American populations have not been explored.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 1,414 African Americans (35% men; mean ± SD age 58 ± 11 years) drawn from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) underwent multidetector computed tomography assessment of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and PAT between 2007 and 2009. Cardiometabolic risk factors, CAC, and AAC were examined in relation to increments of PAT and VAT.

RESULTS
PAT was significantly correlated with BMI, waist circumference, and VAT (r = 0.35, 0.46, and 0.69; all P &lt; 0.0001). PAT (per 1-SD increase) was associated with elevated levels of systolic blood pressure (P &lt; 0.04), fasting glucose, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein and lower levels of HDL (all P values&lt;0.0001). PAT was also associated with metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 1.89; P &lt; 0.0001), hypertension (1.48; P &lt; 0.0006), and diabetes (1.40; P &lt; 0.04); all associations were diminished after further adjustment for VAT (most P &gt; 0.05). However, the association of PAT with CAC but not with AAC remained significant (OR 1.34 [95% CI 1.10–1.64]; P &lt; 0.004) after multivariable and VAT adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS
PAT is significantly correlated with most cardiometabolic risk factors and CAC in the JHS cohort. The results suggest that PAT is an important VAT depot that may exert a local effect on the coronary vasculature.
Implementation of Measurement Instruments in Physical Therapist Practice: Development of a Tailored Strategy
Authors: Stevens J.G. Anita , Beurskens Anna J.M.H. 
Published: April 2010

Background and PurposeThe use of measurement instruments has become a major issue in physical therapy, but their use in daily practice is infrequent. The aims of this case report were to develop and evaluate a plan for the systematic implementation of 2 measurement instruments frequently recommended in Dutch physical therapy clinical guidelines: the Patient-Specific Complaints instrument and the Six-Minute Walk Test.Case DescriptionA systematic implementation plan was used, starting with a problem analysis of aspects of physical therapist practice. A literary search, structured interviews, and sounding board meetings were used to identify barriers and facilitators. Based on these factors, various strategies were developed through the use of a planning model for the process of change.OutcomesBarriers and facilitators were revealed in various domains: physical therapists' competence and attitude (knowledge and resistance to change), organization (policy), patients (different expectations), and measurement instruments (feasibility). The strategies developed were adjustment of the measurement instruments, a self-analysis list, and an education module. Pilot testing and evaluation of the implementation plan were undertaken. The strategies developed were applicable to physical therapist practice. Self-analysis, education, and attention to the practice organization made the physical therapists aware of their actual behavior, increased their knowledge, and improved their attitudes toward and their use of measurement instruments.DiscussionThe use of a planning model made it possible to tailor multifaceted strategies toward various domains and phases of behavioral change. The strategies will be further developed in programs of the Royal Dutch Society for Physical Therapy. Future studies should examine the use of measurement instruments as an integrated part of the process of clinical reasoning. The focus of future studies should be directed not only toward physical therapists but also toward the practice organization and professional associations.
Critical Appraisal of Clinical Prediction Rules That Aim to Optimize Treatment Selection for Musculoskeletal Conditions
Authors: Stanton Tasha R. , Hancock Mark J. , Maher Christopher G. , Koes Bart W. 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundClinical prediction rules (CPRs) for treatment selection in musculoskeletal conditions have become increasingly popular.PurposeThe purposes of this review are: (1) to critically appraise studies evaluating CPRs and (2) to consider the clinical utility and stage of development of each CPR.Data SourcesPertinent databases were searched up to April 2009. Studies aiming to develop or evaluate a CPR for treatment response in musculoskeletal conditions were included. Two independent reviewers assessed eligibility and extracted methodological data, stage of development, and effect size information.Study Selection/Data Extraction and SynthesisEighteen studies, evaluating 15 separate CPRs, were included. Fourteen CPRs were at the derivation stage, and all CPRs had been evaluated using a single-arm trial design, thus it is not possible to determine whether the CPRs identify prognosis (regardless of treatment) or specifically response to treatment. The CPR at the validation stage investigated spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) for low back pain and had been evaluated in 2 separate well-conducted randomized controlled trials. The first trial demonstrated a clinically meaningful effect of the SMT CPR; the additional effect from SMT in patients “positive-on-the-rule” was 15 Oswestry disability units at week 1 and 9 units at week 4. The second trial showed that the CPR did not generalize to a different clinical setting, including a modified treatment.LimitationsDue to differences in methods of reporting and journal publication restraints (eg, word count restrictions), some quality assessment items may have been completed in the included studies, but not captured in this review.ConclusionsThere is, at present, little evidence that CPRs can be used to predict effects of treatment for musculoskeletal conditions. The principal problem is that most studies use designs that cannot differentiate between predictors of response to treatment and general predictors of outcome. Only 1 CPR has been evaluated within an RCT designed to predict response to treatment. Validation of these rules is imperative to allow clinical application.
Changes in the Temperature Profile of Farmers Stock Peanuts During Storage
Authors: Smith J. S. , Davidson J. I. , Sanders T. H. , Lansden J. A. , Cole R. J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Thermocouples were positioned at similar locations in the peanut mass in two typical flat-type-metal building peanut warehouses, one mechanically ventilated and the other naturally ventilated. Temperatures were recorded 12 times daily for each location during a 9-month storage period. Temperature profiles were constructed for selected times throughout storage. Generally, the isotherms composing the profiles were similarly shaped for like periods. The mechanically ventilated warehouse maintained a mean temperature of 1 to 4 C less than the naturally ventilated warehouse throughout most of the storage period.
Effect of Irrigation Regimes on Aflatoxin Contamination of Peanut Pods1
Authors: Wilson David M. , Stansell James R. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Florunner and Florigiant peanuts were grown and foliar inoculated with an aflatoxin producing isolate of Aspergillus parasiticus (NRRL 2999) 30 days after planting. Four replicates were grown in plots under rainfall controlled shelters with six irrigation treatments: (1) wet from day 0-145, (2) dry from days 36-70, (3) dry from days 71-105, (4) dry from days 106-145, (5) dry from days 36-105, (6) dry from days 71-145. Aflatoxin concentrations from Florunner peanuts were significantly different between treatments (P = 0.01) in 1974 and 1976 but not in 1975 or 1977. In 1974 and 1976, sound mature kernels of Florunner from treatments 4 and 6 contained significantly more aflatoxin when compared to other treatments. Aflatoxin contamination of Florigiant sound mature kernels from treatments 4 and 6 in 1975 and treatment 6 in 1974 was significantly greater (P = 0.01) than other treatments, but not in 1977. No data were taken in 1976 for Florigiant peanuts. Water stress during the last 40 to 75 days of the season contributed to aflatoxin contamination of sound mature kernels three of the four years on one or both cultivars. Because of year to year variation, drought stress alone does not consistently affect field aflatoxin contamination. In some years other environmental factors must have interacted with drought stress to promote or inhibit preharvest aflatoxin contamination. However, in all treatments where irrigation was applied during the last 40 days of the season, no significant aflatoxin contamination was detected in any cultivar any year of the test.
Photoperiodic Response of Peanut Species1
Authors: Stalker H. T. , Wynne J. C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Many Arachis species collections do not produce pegs in North Carolina even though they flower profusely. To investigate reasons for the failure of fruiting, nine wild peanut species of section Arachis and three A. hypogaea cultivars representing spanish, valencia and virginia types were evaluated for response to short and long-day treatments in the North Carolina State Phytotron Unit of the Southeastern Environmental Laboratories. The objective of this investigation was to determine the flowering and fruiting responses of Arachis species to short and long-day photoperiods. Plant collections grown under a 9-hour short-day treatment were generally less vigorous, but produced more pegs than corresponding plants grown in long-day treatments which were produced by 9 hours of light plus a 3-hour interruption of the dark period. Annual species produced significantly more flowers and pegs than perennial species during both long and short days. The total number of flowers produced ranged from 0 during short days for A. correntina to more than 300 for A. cardenasii in long-day treatments. Only one plant of each species A. chacoense and A. villosa, and no plants of A. correntina, flowered in short days. Total numbers of pegs produced in short-day treatments were generally greater than in long-day treatments and the ratio of total number of pegs/total number of flowers was consistently greater during short-day treatments. A general trend was observed for more flowers produced in long-day treatments, but more pegs produced in short days. This study indicated that photoperiod can be manipulated to increase the seed set of some species and the success rate of obtaining certain interspecific hybrids. Furthermore, introgression from wild to cultivated species may possibly alter the reproductive capacity of A. hypogaea to photoperiod.
Comparisons of On-Farm Peanut Drying Systems in the Southwest1
Authors: Bloome P. D. , Kletke D. D. , Sholar J. R. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The economic and management characteristics of five types of on-farm peanut drying systems were compared. Costs were determined as average present value costs per tonne using a 15-year planning horizon. The systems compared and their average present values of net, after tax, cash outflows were: high capacity, heated air drying - $16.50/tonne; low temperature, controlled humidity drying - $23.07/tonne; fan-powered, natural air drying - $20.88/tonne; wind-powered, natural air drying in field modules - $22.15/tonne; and sack drying in the field - $28.60/tonne. Costs for the wind-powered, field module system were reduced to $18.00/tonne by Federal Energy Tax Credits (15%) and further reduced to $9.70/tonne by Oklahoma Energy Tax Credits (30%). Management comparisons included flexibility, drying capacity with respect to weather conditions, seed quality, risks of mold development and possibilities for multiple use.
Agronomic Potential of Six Cylindrocladium Black Rot Resistant Peanut Lines1
Authors: Coffelt T. A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Six Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) resistant peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines (Spancross, Tamnut 74, NC 3033, VGP 1, GA 722105, and Toalson) and one susceptible line (Florigiant) were evaluated in field experiments for agronomic potential. All experiments (one each in 1976 and 1977 and two in 1978) were located in fields (sites) where CBR had previously occurred. The percentage of CBR symptomatic plants, yield per hectare, and market grade were measured at each site. In addition, the percentage of damaged roots and a visual rating of pod damage were determined at three sites (one in 1977 and two in 1978). Florigiant had a significantly higher yield and percentage of CBR symptomatic plants than the six CBR resistant lines. No significant differences occurred among the six resistant lines for percentage of CBR symptomatic plants. VGP 1 and GA 722105 had significantly lower yields than the other four resistant lines. These results indicate the low agronomic potential of the resistant lines.
Evaluation of Trichoderma spp., Fungicides, and Chemical Combinations for Control of Southern Stem Rot on Peanuts1
Authors: Csinos A. S. , Bell D. K. , Minton N. A. , Wells H. D. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Field experiments evaluating three isolates of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and a white spored Trichoderma sp. alone and in combination with fungicides and fungicide-insecticide/nematicide combinations were conducted during 1979-81 in an area with a history of high incidence of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. None of the Trichoderma sp. treatments alone, mixed with wheat middlings, or combined with carboxin reduced disease or increased yield over the control; however, disease was reduced when T. harzianum was applied with PCNB at 11.2 kg/ha. Trichoderma spp. appeared to be active only over a 3-8 day period, which was inadequate for control of S. rolfsii for the entire season. Treatments containing PCNB (11.2 kg ai/ha) alone or with the insecticide/ nematicides ethoprop (3.4 kg ai/ha), fensulfothion (3.4 kg ai/ha), and aldicarb (1.7 kg ai/ha) significantly increased yields 9 of 12 times with an average increase of 790 kg/ha; and significantly reduced disease loci at harvest 5 of 12 times with an average reduction of 36%. Ethoprop 10G alone at 3.4 kg ai/ha increased yield one of 3 times, but did not reduce disease. Aldicarb and phenamiphos alone did not decrease disease or increase yield. Carboxin 4G decreased disease and increased yield only when applied at 1.12 kg ai/ha six times on an as required basis. Carboxin 3F at 0.84 kg ai/ha applied 6 times and carboxin 75W at 1.27 kg ai/ha applied one time did not increase yield or reduce disease at harvest.
Relationships Among Water Potential Components, Relative Water Content, and Stomatal Resistance of Field-Grown Peanut Leaves1
Authors: Bennett J. M. , Boote K. J. , Hammond L. C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Limited data exist describing the physiological responses of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants to tissue water deficits. Detailed field experiments which accurately define the water status of both the plant and soil are required to better understand the effects of water stress on a peanut crop. The objectives of the present study were 1) to describe the changes in leaf water potential components during a drying cycle, and 2) to define the relationships among soil water content, leaf water potential, leaf turgor potential, relative water content, leaf-air temperature differential, and leaf diffusive resistance as water stress was imposed on a peanut crop.
During a 28-day drying period where both rainfall and irrigation were withheld from peanut plants, midday measurements of the physiological parameters and volumetric soil water contents were taken concurrently. As soil drying progressed, water extraction from the upper soil depths was limited as soil moisture approached 0.04 m3m-3. Leaf water potentials and leaf turgor potentials of nonirrigated plants decreased to approximately −2.0 and 0 MPa, respectively, by the end of the experimental period. Leaf water potentials declined only gradually as the average volumetric soil water content in the upper 90 cm of soil decreased from 0.12 to 0.04 m3m-3. Further reductions in soil water content caused large reductions in leaf water potential.
As volumetric soil moisture content decreased slightly below 0.04 m3m-3 in the upper 90 cm, leaf relative water content dropped to 86%, leaf water potential approached −1.6 MPa and leaf turgor potential decreased to 0 MPa. Concurrently, stomatal closure resulted and leaf temperature increased above air temperature. Osmotic potentials measured at 100% relative water content were similar for irrigated and nonirrigated plants, suggesting little or no osmotic regulation.
Volatile “Fingerprint” Profile of Raw Peanuts as an Indicator of Quality
Authors: Angelo Allen J. St , Lovegren Norman V. , Vinnett Carolyn H. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The 1980 peanut crop suffered severe losses because of the drought in the United States, and in many cases, the peanuts that were harvested had off-flavors. Peanuts were imported from several foreign countries to offset crop losses. Many raw samples, both imported and US-grown, were examined by direct gas chromatography fingerprint method and by sensory techniques for flavor quality. The volatile profiles obtained were used as an indicator of quality. Based on the volatile profiles from numerous raw peanut samples examined, indicators of suspect peanuts were found that could provide a means of dividing the peanuts into several different groups, e.g. peanuts that had possibly undergone fermentation, oxidation, or external contamination. The volatile profiles of each of these groups and several high grade controls were correlated to peanut quality. In general, as the volatile profile increased, the quality decreased.
In Vitro Differentiation of a Wild Peanut, Arachis villosulicarpa Hoehne1,,2
Authors: Pittman R. N. , Johnson B. B. , Banks D. J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Immature leaflets 3 to 5 mm in length from Arachis villosulicarpa Hoehne seedlings were cultured in vitro on a medium consisting of the major and minor salts of Murashige and Skoog (MS), Gamborg's B5 vitamins, 20 g/L sucrose, 0.8% Difco agar, 4.44 μM N-6 benzyladenine (BA) and 5.37 μM napthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Hard callus with many shoot primordia formed on all leaflets within 4 to 6 weeks. Calli with primordia were further cultured for plant formation on 150 other media (MS major salts at 1/2 or 1/4 strength, full strength minor salts and vitamins, sucrose at 5 or 10 g/L, BA and NAA at 0 to 8 μM). Reduced concentrations of major salts with a high ratio of BA to NAA enhanced the formation of shoot primordia. Roots differentiated on media with 1/4 strength major salts, no BA, and 6 to 8 μM NAA and 5 g/L sucrose. Shoots differentiated from the branch points of roots after 2 to 4 months of culture. Plants were obtained via shoot primordia from callus and from the adventitious shoots from roots.