bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemangiopericytoma in the retroperitoneal space
Authors: Bajracharya A , Gupta R , Agrawal CS , Karki S 
Published: December 2011

Introduction: A hemangiopericytoma is a rare, soft-tissue tumor of vascular origin derived from a pericyte of Zimmerman, which is a modified smooth muscle cell that surrounds the small blood vessels. Hemangiopericytomas can occur wherever there are vascular capillaries. However, there were no previous reports of a hemangiopericytoma in the retroperitoneal space. Case presentation: We describe the first reported case of a hemangiopericytoma found in the retroperitoneal space. A 25-year-old man presented with a palpable tumor on the left abdomen. Preoperative imaging indicated that the tumor was in the retroperitoneal space without invasion of other organs. A complete resection was performed via a midline incision. The histological and immunohistochemical staining patterns supported the diagnosis of a hemangiopericytoma. Conclusion: A complete resection without piecemeal excision is the best way to treat a hemangiopericytoma. Recognizing the presence of a hemangiopericytoma in the retroperitoneal space requires appropriate surgery. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v9i3.5593 HR 2011; 9(3): 210-213
Permanent Pacemaker for Sick Sinus Syndrome with Absent Right Superior Vena Cava  A Case Report.
Authors: Chanda PK , Ahmed N , Biswas S , Mehedi MM , DasGupta S , Rahman MA , Ahmed F 
Published: December 2011

A 42 year old patient, admitted into our hospital for permanent implantation. Implantation of a permanent pacemaker was attempted by the transvenous approach via venous puncture of cephalic vein & subclavian vein on both sides but guide wire failed to pass. Coronary angiogram with cardiac catheterization was done & revealed absence of right superior vena cava and presence of persistant left superior vena cava. Under endotracheal general anesthesia (GA) with limited left thoracotomy epicardial pacemaker was implanted. Key Words: Permanent pacemaker; superior vena cava; persistent left superior vena cava DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v3i2.9195 Cardiovasc. J. 2011; 3(2): 230-232
Evidence for a Shift to Anaerobic Metabolism in Adipose Tissue in Efavirenz-Containing Regimens for HIV with Different Nucleoside Backbones
Authors: McGee Kirsty C , Shahmanesh Mohsen , Boothby Meg , Nightingale Peter , Gathercole Laura L , Tripathi Gyanendra , Harte Alison L , Shojaee-Moradie Fariba , Umpleby A Margot , Das Satyajit , Al-Daghri Nasser M , McTernan Philip G , Tomlinson Jeremy W 
Published: December 2011

Background Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment has been associated with abnormalities in lipid and mitochondrial metabolism. We compared patterns of gene expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of HIV-positive subjects before and after 18–24 months of ARV therapy with HIV-negative controls. Methods HIV patients naive to ARV were randomized to receive zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC) with efavirenz (EFV) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with emtricitabine (FTC) and EFV. Healthy controls ( n=15) were matched for age, ethnicity and gender. Patients on a regimen containing abacavir (ABC), 3TC and EFV for 18–24 months were also tested. Genes involved in adipocyte glucocorticoid, lipid and mitochondrial metabolism, and adipocyte differentiation, were profiled with real-time PCR. Results AZT led to increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT; P=0.012) and VAT:SAT ratio ( P=0.036), whereas TDF increased SAT ( P=0.047) and peripheral fat/ lean body mass ratio ( P=0.017). HIV treatment-naive patients had lower plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity ( P=0.0001) versus controls (remaining below controls after ARV; P=0.038–0.0001). The overall pattern of gene expression was similar across all treatment groups, being most marked with AZT and least with TDF. There was up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, uncoupling protein-2 and hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and down-regulation of nuclear respiratory factor-1, cytochrome oxidase B, cytochrome c oxidase-4, uncoupling protein-3, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1, glucocorticoid receptor-α, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid binding protein-4, LPL and hormone sensitive lipase (18–24 months post-treatment versus pretreatment levels and controls; P<0.05 to <0.0001). Conclusions The decreased expression of genes involved in lipid and mitochondrial metabolism 18–24 months post-ARV treatment in SAT of HIV patients, in conjunction with the increase in uncoupling protein-2 and decrease in cytochrome oxidase B gene expression, provides evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and a shift to anaerobic metabolism within SAT in EFV-containing ARV regimens.
γδ T Cell Homing to Skin and Migration to Skin-Draining Lymph Nodes Is CCR7 Independent
Authors: Vrieling Manouk , Santema Wiebren , Van Rhijn Ildiko , Rutten Victor , Koets Ad 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In most species, γδ T cells preferentially reside in epithelial tissues like the skin. Lymph duct cannulation experiments in cattle revealed that bovine dermal γδ T cells are able to migrate from the skin to the draining lymph nodes via the afferent lymph. For αβ T cells, it is generally accepted that epithelial and mucosal tissue egress is regulated by expression of the CCR7 chemokine receptor. In this study, we tracked the migratory route of bovine lymph-derived γδ T cells and examined their CCR7 cell surface expression in several compartments along this route. Total lymph cells from afferent and efferent origin were labeled with PKH fluorescent dyes and injected into the bloodstream. PKH+ cells already reappeared in the afferent lymph after 4 h. The vast majority of the PKH+ cells retrieved from the afferent lymph were of the WC1+ γδ T cell phenotype, proving that this PKH+ γδ T cell subset is able to home to and subsequently exit the skin. PKH+ γδ T cells from afferent and efferent lymph lack CCR7 surface expression and display high levels of CD62L compared with CD4 T cells, which do express CCR7. Skin homing receptors CCR4 and CCR10 in contrast were transcribed by both CD4 and γδ T cells. Our findings suggest that γδ T cell skin egress and migration into the peripheral lymphatics is CCR7-independent and possibly mediated by CD62L expression.
Loss of B7-H1 Expression by Recipient Parenchymal Cells Leads to Expansion of Infiltrating Donor CD8+ T Cells and Persistence of Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Li Xiaofan , Deng Ruishu , He Wei , Liu Can , Wang Miao , Young James , Meng Zhipeng , Du Chantal , Huang Wendong , Chen Lieping , Chen Yuanzhong , Martin Paul , Forman Stephen , Zeng Defu 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Previous experimental studies have shown that acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is associated with two waves of donor CD8+ T cell expansion. In the current studies, we used in vivo bioluminescent imaging, in vivo BrdU labeling, and three different experimental GVHD systems to show that B7-H1 expression by recipient parenchymal cells controls the second wave of alloreactive donor CD8+ T cell expansion and the associated second phase of GVHD. Loss of B7-H1 expression by parenchymal cells during the course of GVHD was associated with persistent proliferation of donor CD8+ T cells in GVHD target tissues and continued tissue injury, whereas persistent expression of B7-H1 expression by parenchymal cells led to reduced proliferation of donor CD8+ T cells in GVHD target tissues and resolution of GVHD. These studies demonstrate that parenchymal cell expression of B7-H1 is required for tolerizing infiltrating T cells and preventing the persistence of GVHD. Our results suggest that therapies designed to preserve or restore expression of B7-H1 expression by parenchymal tissues in the recipient could prevent or ameliorate GVHD in humans.
Homozygous Mutation in MERTK Causes Severe Autosomal Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Ksantini Mohamed , Lafont Estèle , Bocquet Béatrice , Meunier Isabelle , Hamel Christian P. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose Gene identification in retinitis pigmentosa is a prerequisite to future therapies. Accordingly, autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa families were genotyped to search for causative mutations. Methods Members of a consanguineous Moroccan family had standard ophthalmologic examination, optical coherence tomography–3 scan, autofluorescence testing, and electroretinogram. Their DNA was genotyped with the 250K SNP microchip (Affymetrix) and homozygosity mapping was done. MERTK exons were polymerase chain reaction amplified and sequenced. Results Two sisters and one brother out of 6 siblings had rod cone dystrophy type of retinitis pigmentosa. Salient features were night blindness starting in early infancy, dot-like whitish deposits in fovea and macula with corresponding autofluorescent dots in youngest patients, decreased visual acuity, and cone responses higher than rod responses at electroretinogram. The patients were homozygous in regions from chromosomes 2 and 8, but only that of chromosome 2 was inherited from a common ancestor. Sequencing of the MERTK gene belonging to the chromosome 2 region showed that the 3 affected patients carried a novel homozygous mutation in exon 17, c.2323C>T, leading to p.Arg775X, while their unaffected brothers and sister, parents, and paternal grandfather were heterozygous. Conclusions MERTK mutations lead to severe retinitis pigmentosa with discrete dot-like autofluorescent deposits at early stages, which are a hallmark of this MERTK-specific dystrophy.
A new system for measuring electrical conductivity of water as a function of admittance
Authors: Yacoob Aldosky Haval Y. , Shamdeen Suzan M. H. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
This paper presents a new system for measuring water conductivity as a function of electrophysical property (admittance). The system is cheap and its manufacturing is easy. In addition, it does not require any sort of electrolysis and calibration. The system consists of four electrodes made of silver (Ag 92.5 g to Cu 7.5 g) fixed in a plastic tube filled by water which allows the use of two and four electrode setups. The admittance (reciprocal of impedance) was measured for different water sources (distilled, rainfall, mineral, river and tap water) using different frequencies between 50 Hz and 100 kHz. These measurements were taken twice, first with four electrodes and then with two electrodes of two modes (inner and outer electrodes). The results showed good correlation between the measured admittance and the conductivity of all the water sources and the best correlation was found at low frequencies between 50 Hz and 20 kHz. The highest efficiency can be achieved by using the four electrode system which allows circumventing the effect of the electrode impedance. This result makes the system efficient compared to traditional conductivity meters which usually require high frequencies for good operation.
Porphyrins and Expanded Porphyrins as Receptors
Authors: Sessler Jonathan L. , Karnas Elizabeth , Sedenberg Elaine 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis chapter summarizes recent efforts to use porphyrins and expanded porphyrins as receptors. These unique macrocycles bear resemblance to naturally occurring tetrapyrrolic pigments and have been studied extensively as building blocks for a variety of functional molecular receptors. The introduction discusses the inherent characteristics of porphyrins and their analogs from the perspective of receptor design and is designed to highlight key features. These features include ease of synthesis and functionalization, the hydrogen‐bonding ability of the constituent pyrrolic NH protons, and the fact that the systems in question are often highly colored. This latter feature has afforded an extremely useful means of analyzing host–guest interactions.Because of space limitations, not all of the literature on this topic could be covered in a comprehensive manner. The definition of “receptor” is also limited to species that are thought to be operated via strictly noncovalent‐ or supramolecular‐type interactions. However, this definition is expanded in a few special cases. The goal of this article is not to cite every published article on this topic, but to highlight interesting examples of porphyrin and expanded porphyrins and their utility as receptors. An effort has also been made to describe the analytical techniques used to characterize the resulting host–guest ensembles.This chapter is organized according to the type of guest. One section covers the relatively new area of supramolecular π–π interactions involving porphyrins and nanomaterials, such as fullerenes and nanotubes. Another section discusses porphyrins as receptors for biological entities, including saccharides, peptides, and proteins, as well as DNA. The next section covers porphyrins and expanded porphyrins as anion receptors. This latter treatment includes a discussion of supramolecular electron‐transfer dyads. The use of porphyrins in sensing applications is also presented in summary form. Finally, a perspective on this rapidly growing field of supramolecular chemistry is included in the final remarks.It is hoped that the combination of cited references and listed further readings will allow the interested reader to learn more about this fast‐evolving and fascinating topic.
Templated Synthesis of Knots and Ravels
Authors: Sauvage Jean‐Pierre , Amabilino David B. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Knots and ravels are complicated molecular forms and topologies that can be made with relative ease using noncovalent interactions. The orthogonal arrangement of molecular fragments, leading to the formation of “entanglements,” can be promoted by their coordination to metal ions as well as by hydrogen bonding between amides in a suitably rigid arrangement, or the perpendicular stacking of aromatic rings. In the area of nanometer‐scale science, the amazing achievements reached in the formation of knotted structures based on DNA provide inspiration and challenging benchmarks for purely synthetic systems. The resolution of the molecular knots into their enantiomers — topological enantiomers — has been achieved, although the full potential of the compounds as materials for any purpose awaits exploitation.
Rational Design of Peptide‐Based Biosupramolecular Systems
Authors: Boyle Aimee L. , Woolfson Derek N. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The de novo design of systems comprising peptides and proteins as building blocks presents exciting new challenges in the areas of self‐assembly and supramolecular chemistry and biochemistry. A key issue is that the rules relating protein sequence‐to‐structure are not fully elucidated. However, through the use of rational, “bottom‐up” approaches, systems can be constructed by the careful design and programming of peptidic tectons that use existing sequence‐to‐structure relationships and test new ones. Indeed, there has been considerable success in the design and development of effectively infinite, fibrous systems constructed from α‐helical, β‐structured or collagen‐based tectons. Some designs are now well enough developed that they can be readily functionalized, leading to potential applications in bionanotechnology, synthetic biology, and tissue engineering.
The design of discrete assemblies using similar approaches, however, is proving more challenging, with precise control of assembly being particularly difficult. As a result, there are fewer examples of such systems being reduced to practice.
This chapter describes design rules and approaches exemplified with fibrous and discrete systems, as well as discussing routes to the functionalization of such assemblies and their potential applications.
Supramolecular Nanoparticles for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Ju , Garcia Mitch André , Wang Hao , Tseng Hsian‐Rong 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

The application of nanoparticles toward diagnostics and therapeutics offers many advantages over traditional methods; as a result, this burgeoning field has attracted researchers from the fields of chemistry, engineering, and biology to explore their use in solving clinically relevant problems. Various approaches to generate nanoparticles have been investigated by many researchers, and some promising systems are explored in this chapter. However, many nanoparticle platforms still involve time‐consuming synthetic steps, which limits the ease of generating a diverse library of nanoparticles that have unique surface chemistry and different sizes. This chapter explores nanoparticle‐based diagnostics with examples from the literature involving
in vivo
lymphatic drainage experiments, and protein detection. Some examples of nanoparticle‐based therapeutics will be investigations of laser‐induced photothermal treatment of cancer cells from gold nanoparticles, gene transfection experiments using nanoparticles as a nonviral gene carrier, drug delivery using a drug‐conjugated polymer system, and an example of a clinical trial where nanoparticles are used to deliver siRNA. We anticipate that nanoparticles will establish a new pathway to further facilitate the development of molecular diagnostics and therapeutics. We believe that the inherent advantages that nanoparticle platforms can deliver will pave the way toward personalized medicine and translational clinic.
Orientation Gradients at Boundaries in Micron‐Sized Bicrystals
Authors: Kheradmand Nousha , Vehoff Horst 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn micron‐sized Ni bicrystals, after compression tests, orientation gradients are measured by electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD). The results clearly show that EBSD can be used to study dislocation pile‐ups at boundaries. Using bicrystals with single and multiple slip orientations our results show that with decreasing the size of the pillars the orientation changes due to cross‐slip decreases and the orientation changes at the boundary increases. This directly indicates a change in the hardening mechanism when the probability of dislocation–dislocation interaction decreases due to source‐limited plasticity in the bicrystals with diameters below approximately two microns.
Photo‐ and pH‐Triggered Release of Anticancer Drugs from Mesoporous Silica‐Coated Pd@Ag Nanoparticles
Authors: Fang Weijun , Yang Jing , Gong Jiawei , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA smart drug delivery system integrating both photothermal therapy and chemotherapy for killing cancer cells is reported. The delivery system is based on a mesoporous silica‐coated Pd@Ag nanoplates composite. The Pd@Ag nanoplate core can effectively absorb and convert near infrared (NIR) light into heat. The mesoporous silica shell is provided as the host for loading anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX). The mesoporous shell consists of large pores, ∼10 nm in diameter, and allows the DOX loading as high as 49% in weight. DOX loaded core–shell nanoparticles exhibit a higher efficiency in killing cancer cells than free DOX. More importantly, DOX molecules are loaded in the mesopores shell through coordination bonds that are responsive to pH and heat. The release of DOX from the core‐shell delivery vehicles into cancer cells can be therefore triggered by the pH drop caused by endocytosis and also NIR irradiation. A synergistic effect of combining chemotherapy and photothermal therapy is observed in our core‐shell drug delivery system. The cell‐killing efficacy by DOX‐loaded core–shell particles under NIR irradiation is higher than the sum of chemotherapy by DOX‐loaded particles and photothermal therapy by core–shell particles without DOX.
Silver Nanoparticles Deposited Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoporous Coatings with Excellent Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Chen Chunping , Gunawan Poernomo , Lou Xiong Wen (David) , Xu Rong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSimple and facile processes to produce silver nanoparticles deposited layered double hydroxide (Ag‐LDH) coatings are reported. High quality nanoporous LDH coatings are obtained under hydrothermal conditions via an improved in situ growth method by immersing the substrates in LDH suspensions after removal of free electrolytes. Different types of substrates including metal, ceramics, and glass with planar and non‐planar surfaces can all be coated with the oriented LDH films with strong adhesion. The pore size can be easily tuned by changing the metal:NaOH ratio during the precipiation process of LDH precursors. In the presence of LDH coatings, silver ions can be readily reduced to metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in aqueous solutions. The resulting Ag NPs are incorporated evenly on LDH surface. The Ag‐LDH coating exhibits excellent and durable antimicrobial activities against both Gram‐negative (E. Coli and P. Aeruginosa) and Gram‐positive (B. Subtilis and S. Aureus) bacteria. Even at the 4th recycled use, more than 99% of all types of bacteria can be killed. Moreover, the Ag‐LDH coating can also effectively inhibit the bacterial growth and prevent the biofilm formation in the nutrient solutions. These newly designed Ag‐LDH coatings may offer a promising antimicrobial solution for clinical and environmental applications.
Lead‐Free Thermoelectrics: High Figure of Merit in p‐type AgSnmSbTem+2
Authors: Han Mi‐Kyung , Androulakis John , Kim Sung‐Jin , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThermoelectric materials based on Pb‐free compositions are of considerable current interest in environmentally friendly power‐generation applications derived from waste‐heat sources. Here, a new study of the thermoelectric properties of the tin‐based compositions with the general formula AgSnmSbTem+2 (m = 2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18) is presented, where the m value is used as the tuning parameter of the thermoelectric properties. The electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity are measured from 300 K to 723 K and the resulting thermoelectric figure of merit is determined as a function of the SnTe/AgSbTe2 ratio. A thermoelectric figure of merit ZT ≈1 is obtained at 710 K for m = 4, indicating that the system AgSnmSbTem+2 holds great promise as an alternative p‐type, lead‐free, thermoelectric material.
Modeling multicomponent adsorption of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange columns
Authors: Tao Yinying , Chen Nianyun , Carta Giorgio , Ferreira Gisela , Robbins David 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTransport models are developed for the adsorption of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange columns for two different matrices: UNOsphere S, which has a macroporous architecture, and Capto S, which contains charged dextran polymers grafted to an agarose matrix. The UNOsphere S protein adsorption kinetics is described by a macropore diffusion model with effective pore diffusivity De = 8.3 × 10−8 cm2/s, which successfully predicts resolution of charge variants by frontal analysis at residence times, L/u, between 0.9 and 5.4 min. The Capto S adsorption kinetics is very fast for individual charge variants and for coadsorption of their mixtures, but is dramatically slower for sequential adsorption, when a more strongly bound variant displaces a more weakly bound one. A Maxwell‐Stefan model assuming single‐file diffusion predicts, in agreement with experiments, poor resolution of charge variants by frontal analysis even at long residence times as a result of highly hindered counterdiffusion. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2503–2511, 2012