bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing a strategy to implement cost-effective blood transfusion management in elective hip and knee arthroplasties: A study protocol
Authors: Voorn Veronique MA , Marang-van de Mheen Perla J , So-Osman Cynthia , Vliet Vlieland Thea PM , Koopman-van Gemert Ankie WMM , Nelissen Rob GHH , van Bodegom-Vos Leti ,   for the LISBOA study group
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
Total hip and knee arthroplasties are two of the most commonly performed procedures in orthopedic surgery. Different blood-saving measures (BSMs) are used to reduce the often-needed allogenic blood transfusions in these procedures. A recent large randomized controlled trial showed it is not cost effective to use the BSMs of erythropoietin and perioperative autologous blood salvage in elective primary hip and knee arthroplasties. Despite dissemination of these study results, medical professionals keep using these BSMs. To actually change practice, an implementation strategy is needed that is based on a good understanding of target groups and settings and the psychological constructs that predict behavior of medical professionals. However, detailed insight into these issuses is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to explore which groups of professionals should be targeted at which settings, as well as relevant barriers and facilitators that should be taken into acount in the strategy to implement evidence-based, cost-effective blood transfusion management and to de-implement BSMs.

Methods
The study consists of three phases. First, a questionnaire survey among all Dutch orthopedic hospital departments and independent treatment centers (n = 99) will be conducted to analyze current blood management practice. Second, semistructured interviews will be held among 10 orthopedic surgeons and 10 anesthesiologists to identify barriers and facilitators that are relevant for the uptake of cost-effective blood transfusion management. Interview questions will be based on the Theoretical Domains Interview framework. The interviews will be followed by a questionnaire survey among 800 medical professionals in orthopedics and anesthesiology (400 professionals per discipline) in which the identified barriers and facilitators will be ranked by frequency and importance. Finally, an implementation strategy will be developed based on the results from the previous phases, using principles of intervention mapping and an expert panel.

Discussion
The developed strategy for cost-effective blood transfusion management by de-implementing BSMs is likely to reduce costs for elective hip and knee arthroplasties. In addition, this study will lead to generalized knowledge regarding relevant factors for the de-implementation of non-cost-effective interventions and insight in the differences between implementation and de-implementation strategies.
Biochemical and cellular implications of a dual lipase-GEF function of phospholipase D2 (PLD2)
Authors: Gomez-Cambronero Julian 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Review of GEF, a key for leukocyte chemotaxis, described as a new role of phospholipase D in cellular functions.
PLD2 plays a key role in cell membrane lipid reorganization and as a key cell signaling protein in leukocyte chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Adding to the large role for a lipase in cellular functions, recently, our lab has identified a PLD2-Rac2 binding through two CRIB domains in PLD2 and has defined PLD2 as having a new function, that of a GEF for Rac2. PLD2 joins other major GEFs, such as P-Rex1 and Vav, which operate mainly in leukocytes. We explain the biochemical and cellular implications of a lipase-GEF duality. Under normal conditions, GEFs are not constitutively active; instead, their activation is highly regulated. Activation of PLD2 leads to its localization at the plasma membrane, where it can access its substrate GTPases. We propose that PLD2 can act as a “scaffold” protein to increase efficiency of signaling and compartmentalization at a phagocytic cup or the leading edge of a leukocyte lamellipodium. This new concept will help our understanding of leukocyte crucial functions, such as cell migration and adhesion, and how their deregulation impacts chronic inflammation.
The Rel/NF-κB pathway and transcription of immediate early genes in T cell activation are inhibited by microgravity
Authors: Chang Tammy T , Walther Isabelle , Li Chai-Fei , Boonyaratanakornkit Jim , Galleri Grazia , Meloni Maria Antonia , Pippia Proto , Cogoli Augusto , Hughes-Fulford Millie 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Transactivation of immediate early genes, especially targets of the Rel/NFκB pathway, is disrupted in T cells activated in microgravity.
This study tested the hypothesis that transcription of immediate early genes is inhibited in T cells activated in μg. Immunosuppression during spaceflight is a major barrier to safe, long-term human space habitation and travel. The goals of these experiments were to prove that μg was the cause of impaired T cell activation during spaceflight, as well as understand the mechanisms controlling early T cell activation. T cells from four human donors were stimulated with Con A and anti-CD28 on board the ISS. An on-board centrifuge was used to generate a 1g simultaneous control to isolate the effects of μg from other variables of spaceflight. Microarray expression analysis after 1.5 h of activation demonstrated that μg- and 1g-activated T cells had distinct patterns of global gene expression and identified 47 genes that were significantly, differentially down-regulated in μg. Importantly, several key immediate early genes were inhibited in μg. In particular, transactivation of Rel/NF-κB, CREB, and SRF gene targets were down-regulated. Expression of cREL gene targets were significantly inhibited, and transcription of cREL itself was reduced significantly in μg and upon anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation in simulated μg. Analysis of gene connectivity indicated that the TNF pathway is a major early downstream effector pathway inhibited in μg and may lead to ineffective proinflammatory host defenses against infectious pathogens during spaceflight. Results from these experiments indicate that μg was the causative factor for impaired T cell activation during spaceflight by inhibiting transactivation of key immediate early genes.
poly(I:C) costimulation induces a stronger antiviral chemokine and granzyme B release in human CD4 T cells than CD28 costimulation
Authors: Meyer Tim , Oberg Hans-Heinrich , Peters Christian , Martens Ina , Adam-Klages Sabine , Kabelitz Dieter , Wesch Daniela 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Poly(I:C) mediated NFκB - and IRF7-activation is stronger than co-stimulatory anti-CD28 mAb, thereby increasing antiviral chemokine and granzyme B release in CD4 T cells.
dsRNA is frequently associated with viral replication. Here, we compared the costimulatory effect of the synthetic analog of dsRNA, poly(I:C), and the agonistic anti-CD28 mAb on anti-CD3 mAb-activated, freshly isolated human CD4 T cells. We tested the hyphothesis that poly(I:C) and anti-CD28 mAb costimulation differ in their effect on the CD4 T cell immune response. Our study shows that costimulation of CD4 T cells by poly(I:C) enhanced CD3-induced production of IP-10, MIP1-α/β, RANTES, and granzyme B involved in antiviral activity more than anti-CD28 mAb. poly(I:C) stimulation, on its own, activated the transcription of IRF7 in human CD4 T cells. Combined CD3 and poly(I:C) stimulation significantly enhanced the transcription of IRF7 and additionally, NF-κBp65 phosphorylation, which might be involved in the induction of antiviral chemokines and the enhanced cytotoxic activity of poly(I:C)-treated CD4 T cells. In comparison with poly(I:C), anti-CD28 mAb as a costimulus induced a stronger proinflammatory response, as indicated by enhanced TNF-α secretion. poly(I:C) had a costimulatory effect on Akt phosphorylation, whereas anti-CD28 mAb only slightly enhanced Akt phosphorylation. In contrast to poly(I:C), anti-CD28 mAb was essential for proliferation of anti-CD3-stimulated CD4 T cells; however, poly(I:C) further increased the anti-CD28/anti-CD3-mediated proliferation. These results indicate that poly(I:C)- and anti-CD28 mAb-induced signaling differ in their costimulatory effect on the CD3-driven, antiviral chemokine release and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in freshly isolated human CD4 T cells.
Activation of type I interferon-dependent genes characterizes the “core response” induced by CpG DNA
Authors: Steinhagen Folkert , Meyer Corinna , Tross Debra , Gursel Mayda , Maeda Takahiro , Klaschik Sven , Klinman Dennis M 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Structurally diverse CpG oligonucleotides have a shared ability to activate IFN-dependent ‘core genes’ with antiviral activity while maintaining sequence-specific effects on human pDC.
Synthetic ODNs expressing CpG motifs trigger an innate immune response via TLR9. pDCs are major effectors of this response. Two structurally distinct classes of CpG ODNs have been identified that differentially activate pDCs. “K” ODNs trigger the production of TNF-α and IL-6, whereas “D” ODNs preferentially induce the secretion of IFN-α. As K and D ODNs have distinct therapeutic effects, knowledge of their shared and sequence-specific activity is of considerable importance. This work uses the CAL-1 human pDC line to analyze the effect of CpG stimulation on gene expression. Genes up-regulated by both K and D ODNs (n=92) were largely dependent on type I IFN signaling and characterized functionally by antiviral activity. K ODNs induced a short-term increase in IFN-α/β production and uniquely up-regulated genes that supported antibacterial responses. In contrast, D ODNs triggered a persistent increase in IFN-α/β production and uniquely up-regulated genes associated with metabolic functions. Thus, the core functionality of human pDCs mediated by TLR9 ligation rests on a type I IFN response that differs from the response induced by the structural elements unique to specific classes of ODNs.
Randomized Phase II Study of Dacomitinib (PF-00299804), an Irreversible Pan–Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor, Versus Erlotinib in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ramalingam Suresh S. , Blackhall Fiona , Krzakowski Maciej , Barrios Carlos H. , Park Keunchil , Bover Isabel , Seog Heo Dae , Rosell Rafael , Talbot Denis C. , Frank Richard , Letrent Stephen P. , Ruiz-Garcia Ana , Taylor Ian , Liang Jane Q. , Campbell Alicyn K. , O'Connell Joseph , Boyer Michael 
Published: July 2012

Purpose This randomized, open-label trial compared dacomitinib (PF-00299804), an irreversible inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR)/HER1, HER2, and HER4, with erlotinib, a reversible EGFR inhibitor, in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Patients with NSCLC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 2, no prior HER-directed therapy, and one/two prior chemotherapy regimens received dacomitinib 45 mg or erlotinib 150 mg once daily. Results One hundred eighty-eight patients were randomly assigned. Treatment arms were balanced for most clinical and molecular characteristics. Median progression-free survival (PFS; primary end point) was 2.86 months for patients treated with dacomitinib and 1.91 months for patients treated with erlotinib (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.91; two-sided P = .012); in patients with KRAS wild-type tumors, median PFS was 3.71 months for patients treated with dacomitinib and 1.91 months for patients treated with erlotinib (HR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.85; two-sided P = .006); and in patients with KRAS wild-type/EGFR wild-type tumors, median PFS was 2.21 months for patients treated with dacomitinib and 1.84 months for patients treated with erlotinib (HR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.99; two-sided P = .043). Median overall survival was 9.53 months for patients treated with dacomitinib and 7.44 months for patients treated with erlotinib (HR = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.13; two-sided P = .205). Adverse event-related discontinuations were uncommon in both arms. Common treatment-related adverse events were dermatologic and gastrointestinal, predominantly grade 1 to 2, and more frequent with dacomitinib. Conclusion Dacomitinib demonstrated significantly improved PFS versus erlotinib, with acceptable toxicity. PFS benefit was observed in most clinical and molecular subsets, notably KRAS wild-type/EGFR any status, KRAS wild-type/EGFR wild-type, and EGFR mutants.
Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Women With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
Authors: Levenback Charles F. , Ali Shamshad , Coleman Robert L. , Gold Michael A. , Fowler Jeffrey M. , Judson Patricia L. , Bell Maria C. , De Geest Koen , Spirtos Nick M. , Potkul Ronald K. , Leitao Mario M. , Bakkum-Gamez Jamie N. , Rossi Emma C. , Lentz Samuel S. , Burke James J. , Van Le Linda , Trimble Cornelia L. 
Published: July 2012

Purpose To determine the safety of sentinel lymph node biopsy as a replacement for inguinal femoral lymphadenectomy in selected women with vulvar cancer. Patients and Methods Eligible women had squamous cell carcinoma, at least 1-mm invasion, and tumor size ≥ 2 cm and ≤ 6 cm. The primary tumor was limited to the vulva, and there were no groin lymph nodes that were clinically suggestive of cancer. All women underwent intraoperative lymphatic mapping, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and inguinal femoral lymphadenectomy. Histologic ultra staging of the sentinel lymph node was prescribed. Results In all, 452 women underwent the planned procedures, and 418 had at least one sentinel lymph node identified. There were 132 node-positive women, including 11 (8.3%) with false-negative nodes. Twenty-three percent of the true-positive patients were detected by immunohistochemical analysis of the sentinel lymph node. The sensitivity was 91.7% (90% lower confidence bound, 86.7%) and the false-negative predictive value (1-negative predictive value) was 3.7% (90% upper confidence bound, 6.1%). In women with tumor less than 4 cm, the false-negative predictive value was 2.0% (90% upper confidence bound, 4.5%). Conclusion Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a reasonable alternative to inguinal femoral lymphadenectomy in selected women with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Computerized Decision Aid on Adjuvant Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Patients With Early-Stage Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Sawka Anna M. , Straus Sharon , Rotstein Lorne , Brierley James D. , Tsang Richard W. , Asa Sylvia , Segal Phillip , Kelly Catherine , Zahedi Afshan , Freeman Jeremy , Solomon Philip , Anderson Jennifer , Thorpe Kevin E. , Gafni Amiram , Rodin Gary , Goldstein David P. 
Published: July 2012

Purpose Decision-making on adjuvant radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment for early-stage papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is complex because of uncertainties in medical evidence. Using a parallel, two-arm, randomized, controlled trial design, we examined the impact of a patient-directed computerized decision aid (DA) on the medical knowledge and decisional conflict in patients with early-stage PTC considering the choice of being treated with adjuvant RAI or not. The DA describes the rationale, possible risks and benefits, and the medical evidence uncertainty relating to the choice. Patients and Methods We recruited 74 patients with early-stage PTC after thyroidectomy. Participants were assigned by using 1:1 central computerized randomization to either the DA group with usual care (intervention) or usual care alone (control). Medical knowledge about PTC and RAI treatment (the primary outcome), as well as decisional conflict (a secondary outcome), were measured by using validated questionnaires, and the respective scores were compared between groups. Results Consistent with PTC epidemiology, 83.8% (62 of 74) of the participants were women, and the mean age was 45.8 years (range, 19 to 79 years). Medical knowledge about PTC and RAI treatment was significantly greater and decisional conflict was significantly reduced in the DA group compared with the control group (respective P values < .001). The use of adjuvant RAI treatment was not significantly different between groups (DA group, 11 of 37 [29.7%]; controls, seven of 37 [18.9%]; P = .278). Conclusion A computerized DA improves informed decision making in patients with early-stage PTC who are considering adjuvant RAI treatment. DAs are useful for patients facing decisions subject to medical evidence uncertainty.
Kinetic Investigation of Catalyst Deactivation in Catalytic Reforming of Naphtha
Authors: Mohadesi Majid , Mousavi Hosnie Sadat 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Catalytic reforming of naphtha is one of the important processes for converting the naphtha with low octane number to high octane number gasoline. One the main problems in this process are deactivation of its catalysts. The catalytic reforming unit of Tabriz oil refining company was investigated in this article. This unit uses four radial reactors in series, and the Smith’s model was used for its reaction kinetics. Several models were considered for activity of catalysts to determine the major reason of catalyst deactivation. Presented models have parameters, as the objective function is optimized these parameters are obtained. In definition of the objective function the outlet temperature of reactors and outlet composition of fourth reactor should have high overlapping with experimental values. Optimization shows that deposition of coke and slightly high temperature cause the deactivation of catalysts in catalytic reforming of naphtha.
Manual neonatal ventilation training: a respiratory function monitor helps to reduce peak inspiratory pressures and tidal volumes during resuscitation
Authors: Kelm Marcus , Dold Simone K. , Hartung Julia , Breckwoldt Jan , Schmalisch Gerd , Roehr Charles C. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background: Neonatal resuscitation training is considered to be multifarious and includes manual ventilation as an essential competence for any health-care provider. Usually, ventilation is applied with self-inflating bags (SIBs). These devices have been shown to produce highly variable, operator-dependent peak inspiratory pressures (PIPs) and tidal volumes (VT). Excessive PIP and VT contribute to lung injury. We studied a simple tool to improve resuscitation skills.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to train health-care providers to avoid excessive PIP and VT by visualizing these values by using a respiratory function monitor (RFM) and to study the sustainability of such a training.

Material and methods: Previously untrained medical professionals were educated and trained to ventilate a neonatal preterm manikin. PIP and VT were measured with an RFM. Graphical representations of the measurements were displayed during training, but the RFM was blinded during subsequent recordings. Participants were reassessed directly after training and 1 month later.

Results: In total, 37 participants were trained and assessed three times during the study. Median PIPs (range) were 32.3 (4.1–44) cm H2O before training, 17.8 (9.6–23.6) cm H2O directly after training (P<0.05), and 18.7 (7.5–41.6) cm H2O 1 month later, and the values remained low, compared with before training (P<0.05). Median VTs were 6.7 (4.2–44) mL before training, 3.5 (1.8–7.3) mL directly after training (P<0.05), and 4.1 (1.9–9.7 mL) 1 month after training (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Using a SIB, untrained staff produced excessive PIP and VT. Training with a simple RFM significantly reduced the occurrence of excessive PIP and VT. The effect was sustained for at least 1 month.
Summoning the Food Ghosts: Food History as Public History
Authors: Elias Megan 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Although historic homes are increasingly popular sites for exploration of the past, such museums seldom, and for practical reasons, are able to give visitors an actual taste of the past. The desire for just such a taste, however, is part of what brings many people to historic homes. An interest in how people lived in the past often begins with questions of what and how they ate. This article explores ways in which what I term the “food ghosts” can be summoned up in historic house museums. Based on research for the New York Tenement Museum, this study explores methods for making food history powerfully present in public history sites.
Choice Receipts from American Housekeepers: A Collection of Digitized Community Cookbooks from the Library of Congress
Authors: Kelly Alison P. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This article looks at a collection of 110 community cookbooks from the Library of Congress and discusses how they were selected and scanned as part of a mass digitization project. The article considers why this set of long–overlooked books is important as a primary resource for those doing public history, as well as for anyone interested in local, culinary, and cultural history, or genealogy. Looking ahead, the article briefly describes a project to add content and provide cultural and historical context to the community cookbooks, by linking these scanned books with related Library of Congress materials.
What We Talk About When We Talk About Food: Using Food to Teach History at the Tenement Museum
Authors: Steinberg Adam 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The Tenement Museum's Foods of the Lower East Side neighborhood walking tour re–invents the food–based walking tour through a public historian's eyes. On this tour, visitors don't just taste different foods. They also discuss how both immigrants and U.S.–born citizens use food to shape their identities and define their communities. By tour's end, visitors come to understand how immigrants and U.S.–born citizens together create American culture in neighborhoods like the Lower East Side. A new indoor version of the tour adds additional content about local storeowners as well as more opportunities for visitors to talk and share stories.
Child and Adolescent Abuse in Relation to Obesity in Adulthood: The Black Women’s Health Study
Authors: Boynton-Jarrett Renée , Rosenberg Lynn , Palmer Julie R , Boggs Deborah A. , Wise Lauren A. 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the association of physical and sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence with risk of adult obesity among black women in the United States.

METHODS:
Participants were women enrolled in the Black Women’s Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study begun in 1995. In 2005, 33 298 participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on early life experiences of abuse. Log-binomial regression models were used to derive risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relation of child/teenager abuse with obesity (BMI ≥30) and central adiposity (waist circumference &gt;35 inches) reported in 2005.

RESULTS:
The RR for BMI ≥30, a measure of overall obesity, was 1.29 (95% CI 1.20–1.38) for the highest severity of exposure to child/teenager physical and sexual abuse relative to no abuse. After controlling for postulated intermediates, including reproductive history, diet, physical activity, depressive symptoms, and socioeconomic status, the RR was 1.14 (95% CI 1.08–1.21). The RR for waist circumference &gt;35 inches, which measures central obesity, for severe physical and sexual abuse relative to no abuse was 1.29 (95% CI 1.19–1.38) before adjustment for intermediates and 1.18 (95% CI 1.10–1.27) after adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS:
Early life sexual and physical abuse was associated with an increased risk of overall and central obesity in adulthood. Although the association between abuse and obesity was explained to some extent by health behaviors, reproductive history, and mental health, these factors did not fully account for the associations. Our data suggest that early life adversity is related to adult body size and weight distribution.