bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mothers and fathers of children with cancer: loss of control during treatment and posttraumatic stress at later follow‐up
Authors: Norberg Annika Lindahl , Boman Krister K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundA child's cancer can lead to changes in parental role functioning, including loss of control. We studied the extent to which parental perceived loss of control during a child's cancer treatment predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) after completion of treatment.Method and participantsThe sample of this longitudinal study included 62 parents (36 mothers and 26 fathers) of children currently in treatment for malignant disease (T1) and after completion of treatment (T2). Loss of control was assessed at T1 using a self‐report measure, that is the loss of control module of the Parental Psychosocial Distress‐Cancer questionnaire. PTSS were assessed at T2 using the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised. Main analyses were carried out for mothers and fathers separately.ResultsThe majority of the parents, 55% (n = 34), reported loss of control on more than half of the assessed domains. Only 5% (n = 3) reported no loss of control whatsoever. At T2, some degree of PTSS was reported by 89% (n = 55). These outcomes were similar for mothers and fathers. Loss of control at T1 predicted stronger PTSS at T2 primarily among mothers.ConclusionThe experience of loss of control during cancer treatment is a salient risk factor for later PTSS in mothers. The situational threat to the regular parental role is discussed as an explanation to this observation. Interventions should address informational needs, parent participation in care, and professional support to maintain a sense of control and functioning in their parental role. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of implantation conditions of He+ ions on the structure of a damaged layer in GaAs(001)
Authors: Shcherbachev Kirill , Bailey Melanie J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn investigation into the influence of implantation conditions (dose, energy, and target temperature) of He+ ions on the damage structure of GaAs (100) substrates was performed by HRXRD, scanning electron microscopy, and Nomarski microscopy. Blistering is shown to become apparent as characteristic features of isolines in RSMs. We propose that the formation of the defects yielding a characteristic XRDS is defined by the behavior of implanted atoms in the GaAs matrix, depending on two competing processes: (1) formation of the gas‐filled bubbles; (2) diffusion of the He atoms from the bubbles toward the surface and deep into the GaAs substrate. We conclude that the gas‐filled bubbles change the structure of the irradiated layer, resulting in the formation of strained crystalline areas of the GaAs matrix.
Effect of maleic‐anhydride‐grafted polypropylene as a compatibilizer on the properties of polypropylene/(modified carbon black) composites
Authors: Li Qiuying , Wu Chifei , Zhu Ping 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMaleic‐anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MAH) was added, as a compatibilizer, to polypropylene (PP) composites filled with a hindered phenol and modified carbon black (CB). The interaction between the modified CB and PP‐g‐MAH, as proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, had a beneficial effect on the mechanical properties of the PP/(modified CB) composites and prevented the sharp decrease of the mechanical properties of these composites at higher filler concentration. The storage modulus of PP/(modified CB) was increased significantly by the incorporation of PP‐g‐MAH, especially when the temperature was lower than 0°C. When the content of PP‐g‐MAH was 5 wt% and the loading of the modified CB was 2 wt%, the best tensile strength was obtained. The system showed the best flexural strength and impact strength when the loading of the modified CB was 1 wt%. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
HpYPS1 and HpYPS7 encode functional aspartyl proteases localized at the cell surface in the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha
Authors: Sohn Min Jeong , Oh Doo‐Byoung , Kim Eun Jung , Cheon Seon Ah , Kwon Ohsuk , Kim Jeong‐Yoon , Lee Sang Yup , Kang Hyun Ah 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn the present study, we functionally analysed two yapsin genes of the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha, HpYPS1 and HpYPS7, for their roles in maintaining cell wall integrity and proteolytic processing. Both HpYPS1 and HpYPS7 proteins were shown to largely localize on the cell wall via glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Heterologous expression of HpYPS1 completely restored all of the growth defects of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yps1‐deletion strains, while HpYPS7 expression exhibited a limited complementation effect on the S. cerevisiae yps7‐deletion strain. However, different from S. cerevisiae, deletion of the HpYPS genes generated only minor influence on the sensitivity to cell wall stress. Likewise, HpYPS1 expression was significantly induced only by a subset of stressor agents, such as sodium dodecyl sulphate and tunicamycin. HpYps1p was shown to consist of two subunits, whereas HpYps7p comprises a single long polypeptide chain. Biochemical analysis revealed that HpYps1p has much stronger proteolytic cleavage activity at basic amino acids, compared to HpYps7p. Consistent with the much higher proteolytic activity and expression level of HpYps1p compared to HpYps7p, the sole disruption of HpYPS1 was sufficient in eliminating the aberrant proteolytic cleavage of recombinant proteins secreted by H. polymorpha. The results indicate that, although their roles in the maintenance of cell wall integrity are not critical, HpYps1p and HpYps7p are functional aspartic proteases at the cell surface of H. polymorpha. Furthermore, our data present the high biotechnological potential of H. polymorpha yps1‐mutant strains as hosts useful for the production of secretory recombinant proteins. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of confinement on a two-dimensional wake
Authors: Biancofiore Luca , Gallaire François , Pasquetti Richard 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe spatio-temporal development of an incompressible two-dimensional viscous wake flow confined by two flat slipping plates is investigated by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS), using a spectral Chebyshev multi-domain method. The limit between unstable and stable configurations is determined with respect to several non-dimensional parameters: the confinement, the velocity ratio and two different Reynolds numbers, $100$ and $500$. The comparison of such limit curves with theoretical results obtained by Juniper (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 565, 2006, pp. 171–195) confirms the existence of a region at moderate confinement where the instability is maximal. Moreover, instabilities are also observed under sustained co-flow, in the form of a vacillating front. Using a direct computation of the two-dimensional base flow, we perform a local linear stability analysis for several velocity profiles prevailing at different spatial locations, so as to determine the local spatio-temporal nature of the flow: convectively unstable or absolutely unstable. Comparisons of the DNS and local stability analysis results are provided and discussed.
Effect of dietary arginine on growth, intestinal enzyme activities and gene expression in muscle, hepatopancreas and intestine of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpiovar. Jian)
Authors: Chen Gangfu , Feng Lin , Kuang Shengyao , Liu Yang , Jiang Jun , Hu Kai , Jiang Weidan , Li Shuhong , Tang Ling , Zhou Xiaoqiu 
Published: October 2011

The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary arginine promotes digestion and absorption capacity, and, thus, enhances fish growth. This improvement might be related to the target of rapamycin (TOR) and eIF4E-binding protein (4E-BP). A total of 1200 juvenile Jian carp,Cyprinus carpiovar. Jian, with an average initial weight of 6·33 (se0·03) g, were fed with diets containing graded concentrations of arginine, namely, 9·8 (control), 12·7, 16·1, 18·5, 21·9 and 24·5 g arginine/kg diet for 9 weeks. An real-time quantitative PCR analysis was performed to determine the relative expression of TOR and 4E-BP in fish muscle, hepatopancreas and intestine. Dietary arginine increased (P < 0·05): (1) glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activities in muscle and hepatopancreas; (2) intestine and hepatopancreas protein content, folds height, and trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, Na+/K+-ATPase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and creatine kinase activities in intestine; (3)Lactobacilluscounts; (4) relative expression of TOR in the muscle, hepatopancreas and distal intestine (DI); (5) relative expression of 4E-BP in proximal intestine (PI) and mid-intestine (MI), as compared with the control group. In contrast, dietary arginine reduced (P < 0·05): (1) plasma ammonia content; (2)Aeromonas hydrophilaandEscherichia colicounts; (3) relative expression of TOR in PI and MI; (4) relative expression of 4E-BP in the muscle, hepatopancreas and DI. The arginine requirement estimated by specific growth rate using quadratic regression analysis was found to be 18·0 g/kg diet. These results indicate that arginine improved fish growth, digestive and absorptive ability and regulated the expression ofTORand4E-BPgenes.
Norm convergence of continuous-time polynomial multiple ergodic averages
Authors: AUSTIN TIM 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFor a jointly measurable probability-preserving actionτ:ℝD↷(X,μ) and a tuple of polynomial mapspi:ℝ→ℝD,i=1,2,…,k, the multiple ergodic averagesconverge inL2(μ) asT→∞for anyf1,f2,…,fk∈L∞(μ). This confirms the continuous-time analog of the conjectured norm convergence of discrete polynomial multiple ergodic averages, which in its original formulation remains open in most cases. A proof of convergence can be given based on the idea of passing up to a sated extension of (X,μ,τ) in order to find a simple partially characteristic factor, similarly to the recent development of this idea for the study of related discrete-time averages, together with a new inductive scheme on tuples of polynomials. The new induction scheme becomes available upon changing the time variable in the above integral by some fractional power, and provides an alternative to Bergelson’s polynomial ergodic theorem induction, which has been the mainstay of positive results in this area in the past.
Absenteeism in schools during the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic: a useful tool for early detection of influenza activity in the community?
Authors: KARA E. O. , ELLIOT A. J. , BAGNALL H. , FOORD D. G. F. , PNAISER R. , OSMAN H. , SMITH G. E. , OLOWOKURE B. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYCertain influenza outbreaks, including the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic, can predominantly affect school-age children. Therefore the use of school absenteeism data has been considered as a potential tool for providing early warning of increasing influenza activity in the community. This study retrospectively evaluates the usefulness of these data by comparing them with existing syndromic surveillance systems and laboratory data. Weekly mean percentages of absenteeism in 373 state schools (children aged 4–18 years) in Birmingham, UK, from September 2006 to September 2009, were compared with established syndromic surveillance systems including a telephone health helpline, a general practitioner sentinel network and laboratory data for influenza. Correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationship between each syndromic system. In June 2009, school absenteeism generally peaked concomitantly with the existing influenza surveillance systems in England. Weekly school absenteeism surveillance would not have detected pandemic influenza A(H1N1) earlier but daily absenteeism data and the development of baselines could improve the timeliness of the system.
Understanding behavioral effects of early life stress using the reactive scope and allostatic load models
Authors: Howell Brittany R. , Sanchez Mar M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe mechanisms through which early life stress leads to psychopathology are thought to involve allostatic load, the “wear and tear” an organism is subjected to as a consequence of sustained elevated levels of glucocorticoids caused by repeated/prolonged stress activations. The allostatic load model described this phenomenon, but has been criticized as inadequate to explain alterations associated with early adverse experience in some systems, including behavior, which cannot be entirely explained from an energy balance perspective. The reactive scope model has been more recently proposed and focuses less on energy balance and more on dynamic ranges of physiological and behavioral mediators. In this review we examine the mechanisms underlying the behavioral consequences of early life stress in the context of both these models. We focus on adverse experiences that involve mother–infant relationship disruption, and dissect those mechanisms involving maternal care as a regulator of development of neural circuits that control emotional and social behaviors in the offspring. We also discuss the evolutionary purpose of the plasticity in behavioral development, which has a clear adaptive value in a changing environment.
Influence of early life stress on later hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning and its covariation with mental health symptoms: A study of the allostatic process from childhood into adolescence
Authors: Essex Marilyn J. , Shirtcliff Elizabeth A. , Burk Linnea R. , Ruttle Paula L. , Klein Marjorie H. , Slattery Marcia J. , Kalin Ned H. , Armstrong Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is a primary mechanism in the allostatic process through which early life stress (ELS) contributes to disease. Studies of the influence of ELS on children's HPA axis functioning have yielded inconsistent findings. To address this issue, the present study considers multiple types of ELS (maternal depression, paternal depression, and family expressed anger), mental health symptoms, and two components of HPA functioning (traitlike and epoch-specific activity) in a long-term prospective community study of 357 children. ELS was assessed during the infancy and preschool periods; mental health symptoms and cortisol were assessed at child ages 9, 11, 13, and 15 years. A three-level hierarchical linear model addressed questions regarding the influences of ELS on HPA functioning and its covariation with mental health symptoms. ELS influenced traitlike cortisol level and slope, with both hyper- and hypoarousal evident depending on type of ELS. Further, type(s) of ELS influenced covariation of epoch-specific HPA functioning and mental health symptoms, with a tighter coupling of HPA alterations with symptom severity among children exposed previously to ELS. Results highlight the importance of examining multiple types of ELS and dynamic HPA functioning in order to capture the allostatic process unfolding across the transition into adolescence.
Interactive effects of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1, serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region, and child maltreatment on diurnal cortisol regulation and internalizing symptomatology
Authors: Cicchetti Dante , Rogosch Fred A. , Oshri Assaf 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWithin an allostatic load framework, the effect of Gene × Environment (G × E) interactions on diurnal cortisol regulation and internalizing symptomatology were investigated. Variation in the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1(CRHR1)TAT haplotype and serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) was determined in a sample of maltreated (n= 238, 21.4% with early physical and sexual abuse) and nonmaltreated (n= 255) children (Mage = 10.08) participating in a summer research camp. Internalizing and depressive symptoms were assessed by other and self-report. G × E effects forCRHR1and maltreatment and early abuse on diurnal cortisol regulation were observed;CRHR1variation was related to cortisol dysregulation only among maltreated children. Early abuse and high internalizing symptoms also interacted to predict atypical diurnal cortisol regulation. The interaction ofCRHR1, 5-HTTLPR, and child maltreatment (G × G × E) identified a subgroup of maltreated children with high internalizing symptoms who shared the same combination of the two genes. The findings support an allostatic load perspective on the effects of the chronic stress associated with child maltreatment on cortisol regulation and internalizing symptomatology as moderated by genetic variation.
Risk factors for loss to follow-up among children and young adults with congenital heart disease
Authors: Mackie Andrew S. , Rempel Gwen R. , Rankin Kathryn N. , Nicholas David , Magill-Evans Joyce 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo identify risk factors for loss to cardiology follow-up among children and young adults with congenital heart disease.MethodsWe used a matched case-control design. Cases were born before January, 2001 with moderate or complex congenital heart disease and were previously followed up in the paediatric or adult cardiology clinic, but not seen for 3 years or longer. Controls had been seen within 3 years. Controls were matched 3:1 to cases by year of birth and congenital heart disease lesion. Medical records were reviewed for potential risk factors for loss to follow-up. A subset of cases and controls participated in recorded telephone interviews.ResultsA total of 74 cases (66% male) were compared with 222 controls (61% male). A history of missed cardiology appointments was predictive of loss to follow-up for 3 years or longer (odds ratio 13.0, 95% confidence interval 3.3–51.7). Variables protective from loss to follow-up were higher family income (odds ratio 0.87 per $10,000 increase, 0.77–0.98), cardiac catheterisation within 5 years (odds ratio 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.1–0.6), and chart documentation of the need for cardiology follow-up (odds ratio 0.4, 95% confidence interval 0.2–0.8). Cases lacked awareness of the importance of follow-up and identified primary care physicians as their primary source of information about the heart, rather than cardiologists. Unlike cases, controls had methods to remember appointments.ConclusionsA history of one or more missed cardiology appointments predicted loss to follow-up for 3 or more years, as did lack of awareness of the need for follow-up. Higher family income, recent catheterisations, and medical record documentation of the need for follow-up were protective.
Neurocognitive Development and Behavioral Outcome of 2-Year-Old Children with Univentricular Heart
Authors: Puosi Riina , Korkman Marit , Sarajuuri Anne , Jokinen Eero , Mildh Leena , Mattila Ilkka , Lönnqvist Tuula 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRecent advances in the treatment of children with severe congenital heart defects, such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and other forms of univentricular heart (UVH), have significantly improved their survival rates. However, these children are at risk for various neurodevelopmental deficits. The aim of the present study was to assess cognitive development, expressive language, and behavior in 30-month-old children with univentricular heart. The participants were 22 children with HLHS, 14 with UVH, and 41 healthy control subjects. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development II, MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories, and Child Behavior Checklist were used for assessments. The results revealed that children with HLHS exhibited a significantly lower mean mental development index, more delays in expressive language functions, and more behavioral problems than did the control children. Two children with HLHS (9%) had mental development indexes below 50, indicating significantly delayed performance. The children with UVH differed from the control children with respect to their lower mean mental development index. These findings suggest that at the age of 30 months, neurodevelopmental deficits are especially prevalent in children with HLHS. Thus, early developmental screening, intervention, and neuropsychological follow-up until school age is recommended particularly for the children with HLHS. (JINS, 2011,17, 1094–1103)
Dietary patterns in Irish adolescents: a comparison of cluster and principal component analyses
Authors: Hearty Áine P , Gibney Michael J 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectivePattern analysis of adolescent diets may provide an important basis for nutritional health promotion. The aims of the present study were to examine and compare dietary patterns in adolescents using cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) and to examine the impact of the format of the dietary variables on the solutions.DesignAnalysis was based on the Irish National Teens Food Survey, in which food intake data were collected using a semi-quantitative 7 d food diary. Thirty-two food groups were created and were expressed as either g/d or percentage contribution to total energy. Dietary patterns were identified using cluster analysis (k-means) and PCA.SettingRepublic of Ireland, 2005–2006.SubjectsA representative sample of 441 adolescents aged 13–17 years.ResultsFive clusters based on percentage contribution to total energy were identified, ‘Healthy’, ‘Unhealthy’, ‘Rice/Pasta dishes’, ‘Sandwich’ and ‘Breakfast cereal & Main meal-type foods’. Four principal components based on g/d were identified which explained 28 % of total variance: ‘Healthy foods’, ‘Traditional foods’, ‘Sandwich foods’ and ‘Unhealthy foods’.ConclusionsA ‘Sandwich’ and an ‘Unhealthy’ pattern are the main dietary patterns in this sample. Patterns derived from either cluster analysis or PCA were comparable, although it appears that cluster analysis also identifies dietary patterns not identified through PCA, such as a ‘Breakfast cereal & Main meal-type foods’ pattern. Consideration of the format of the dietary variable is important as it can directly impact on the patterns obtained for both cluster analysis and PCA.
Contribution of street foods to the dietary needs of street food vendors in Kampala, Jinja and Masaka districts, Uganda
Authors: Namugumya Brenda Shenute , Muyanja Charles 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the contribution of street foods to the energy and nutrient needs of street food vendors.DesignA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Food intake for the street food vendors was measured using the 24 h recall method and a semi-quantitative FFQ with emphasis on the source of all foods consumed.SettingKampala, Jinja and Masaka districts, Uganda.SubjectsThe study included 225 street food vendors trading in prepared cooked foods.ResultsThe majority of vendors (87·6 %) were women with age range of 21–50 years. Traditional dishes were the most commonly prepared foods and classified into main meals, sauces, vegetables and snacks. The food groups consumed most commonly by street food vendors fall under energy-giving and body-building foods (0·26 (sd0·81)). The mean daily intake of energy from street foods varied between 22·4 % and 25·6 % (2412 kJ). Carbohydrates contributed the highest proportion of energy (70·1 % to 93·4 %), followed by protein (38·6 % to 44·9 %) and fat (21·9 % to 26·3 %). Street food vendors obtained 24·0 % to 32·5 % of their RDA for Ca from street vended foods, with the lowest intake in Jinja (11·2 % to 23·9 %,P< 0·05). Niacin and thiamin intakes from street foods were respectively above 74 % and 150 % of the RDA. The contribution of street foods to the RDA for Zn ranged from 81·9 % to 190·9 %, and from 3·5 % to 4·9 % for retinol. Fe intake from street vended foods was 40·9 % to 49·7 % of the RDA.ConclusionsStreet foods contribute to sources of dietary energy and other nutrients among street food vendors in Uganda.