bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of T‐Cell Subsets Identified by Monoclonal Antibodies in Cell Suspensions from Lymph Node Biopsies of Human B‐Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Kvaløy Stein , Marton Per F. , Høst Herman , Solheim Bjarte G. , Godal Tore 
Published: August 2010

The distribution of T‐cell subsets has been examined in cell suspensions from lymph node biopsies from 37 non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) of B‐cell origin and 8 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD). T‐inducer/helper cells (T4+ cells) and T‐suppressor/cytotoxic cells (T8+ cells) were identified by the monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT8, respectively. Compared with reactive lymph nodes the T‐cell subset distribution was aberrant in 18/37 (48.6%) of the B‐cell lymphomas. The T‐suppressor subset was dominating cells in 14/37 (37.8%) and the T‐helper subset in 4/37 (10.8%) of the cases examined. In patients with leukaemic disease, a concordant T‐cell subset distribution in lymph nodes and PBL was observed in 5 out of 6 cases.HLA‐DR antigen was examined in a selected number of cases with a heteroantiserum. In general, the T‐cells from neoplastic tissues expressed an increased percentage of HLA‐DR antigen. This was most pronounced in cases with a dominance of T8+ cells, in which the majority of T8+ cells expressed HLA‐DR antigen. These findings suggest that an increased proportion of activated T‐suppressor cells are present in a proportion of B‐cell lymphomas. Possible clinical and biological implications are discussed.
Mechanisms of Immune Haemolysis
Authors: Yust Israel , Frisch Bertha , Goldsher Naomi , Miller Hylton I. , Laniado Shlomo 
Published: August 2010

The mechanisms of red blood cell destruction in 2 patients with penicillin‐induced immune haemolytic anaemia were investigated. Anti‐penicillin antibodies of the IgG subclass were found in the patients' sera and in the eluates of their direct antiglobulin positive red blood cells. Using a rapid 51Cr in vitro assay it was shown that fresh peripheral blood mononu‐clear phagocytes and granulocytes but not lymphocytes from both patients lysed and phagocytosed autologous red blood cells previously treated in vivo or in vitro by penicillin and autologous anti‐penicillin antibody. Antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) as well as antibody‐dependent phagocytosis (ADPh) were proportional to serum concentration and to the number of attacking cells. Anti‐penicillin antibody from 1 patient activated the complement system in vitro but failed to induce lysis of penicillin‐treated red blood cells in the presence of complement.These results suggest that ADCC as well as ADPh participate in the destruction of red blood cells in penicillin‐induced haemolysis in vivo.
Expression of la‐Like Antigen in Lymphatic Leukaemias and Non‐Hodgkin Lymphomas in Correlation with Other Surface Markers
Authors: Bergmann Lothar , Mitrou Paris S. , Cherdron Thomas , Holloway Karen , Jost Jutta , Timm Viola , Zerth Gonther 
Published: August 2010

Ia‐like antigen, surface Ig, E‐rosettes, mouse red blood cell rosettes and further surface markers were investigated in 88 specimens from 69 patients with various lymphocytic leukaemias and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas.Ia‐like antigen was detectable in all cases of sIg+ leukaemias and lymphomas. E‐la+sIg‐ leukaemias, especially CLL and lymphomas were interpreted as ß‐cell neoplasias, which either did not produce sIg or expressed it in undetectable amounts. E+Ia+sIg+ malignant lymphocytes represented a ß‐cell population with antibody activity of sIg to SRBC. In the present series 9.5 % of all ß‐cell leukaemias and lymphomas demonstrated this phenotype. Whereas ALL may possess Ia‐like antigen, the vast majority of mature T‐cell lymphomas are lacking it. In the present series 2 T‐cell lymphomas expressed Ia‐like antigen and did not contain TdT (E+Ia+sIg‐TdT‐). These lymphomas are probably derived from a stimulated T‐cell clone synthesizing Ia‐like antigen.
Influence of Autologous Monocytes on the Pokeweed Mitogen‐Induced Generation of Immunoglobulin‐Secreting Cells in Man
Authors: Petersen JØrgen , Kieffer Marianne , Lilic Desa , Rathlev Niels , Andersen Vagn 
Published: August 2010

The regulatory influence of autologous blood monocytes on the PWM‐induced generation of Ig‐secreting cells was assessed using a reverse haemolytic plaque forming cell (PFC) assay. The PWM‐induced PFC responses of monocyte‐depleted cells were low or absent in most cases. Addition of 12–42% freshly isolated monocytes fully reconstituted the IgM‐, IgG‐ and IgA‐PFC responses. With more monocytes added, the PFC responses declined. Monocytes precultured for 48 h supported the PFC responses of monocyte‐depleted cells less well and addition of monocytes stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) did not increase the response. The low responses of monocyte‐depleted cells co‐cultured with precultured monocytes were not increased by addition of supernatant from monocyte cultures.The PFC responses of mononuclear cells induced by PWM were significantly inhibited by unstimulated precultured monocytes, and to a larger degree by PMA‐treated monocytes, indicating the presence of suppressor cells among the precultured monocytes. The PWM‐induced thymidine incorporation by monocyte‐depleted cells with precultured monocytes added was only slightly lower than that obtained with freshly isolated monocytes added, suggesting that the suppressive role of precultured monocytes was not due to cytotoxicity.
Two Different in Vitro Growth Patterns for Erythroid Precursors in 18 Patients with Pure Erythrocytosis
Authors: Clement S. , Eberlin A. , Najean Y. , Chedeville A. 
Published: August 2010

Growth patterns of marrow and blood erythroid progenitors were studied in 18 cases of pure erythrocytosis using different doses of erythropoietin. 8 cases demonstrated ‘spontaneous’ growth of CFU‐E and blood BFU‐E as observed in myeloproliferative disorders, but without an excess of circulating CFU‐GM. 3 of these patients also had other symptoms of a pan‐myelopathy. All these cases showed good sensitivity to 32P myelo‐suppression. 10 cases demonstrated growth patterns of erythroid progenitors similar to those observed in normal subjects, except for an excess of blood BFU‐E, which suggests an abnormality of homeostatic regulation. In 5 of these cases, myelo‐suppression was not effective.It is suggested that a stem cell study could differentiate patients with pure erythrocytosis due to ‘autonomous’ abnormal stem cell growth from cases due to abnormal regulation factors, and that such a discrimination might be useful for the choice of therapy.
The Effect of Storage of Whole Blood on the Association of Factor VIII‐Related Antigen and Factor VIII‐Coagulant Antigen
Authors: Hellings Jan A. , Over Jan , van Mourik Jan A. 
Published: August 2010

To evaluate the extent of denaturation of factor VIII‐coagulant activity (VIII:C) during production of factor VIII concentrates, the factor VIII‐coagulant antigen (VIII:CAg)/VIII:C ratio was measured in plasma, cryoprecipitate and cryosupernatant from fresh and stored blood. This ratio was close to unity for both cryoprecipitate and other concentrates, suggesting that VIII:CAg is lost concurrently with VIII:C during cryoprecipitation and further fractionation.Storage of blood (18 h, 22°C) before processing resulted in a 30% loss of VIII:C from the separated plasma; however, VIII:CAg was not affected. In cryoprecipitate prepared from this plasma, VIII:C and VIII:CAg both were 30% lower than when prepared from fresh plasma. In the corresponding cryosupernatant, however, more VIII:CAg but less VIII:C was present compared with fresh material.Gel chromatography revealed that the rise of VIII:CAg in cryosupernatant prepared from stored blood, was due to an increased amount of VIII:CAg of low molecular weight, not being associated with factor VIII‐related antigen. Such an increase in dissociated VIII:CAg was not detected in the plasma prior to cryoprecipitation.It is concluded that during storage of blood, molecular changes are induced in the factor VIII‐VWF complex, possibly by limited proteolysis, which make the complex more liable to dissociation during subsequent cryoprecipitation.
Platelet Function and Fibrinolytic Activity Following Distance Running
Authors: Knudsen J. Bjerre , Brodthagen U. , Gormsen J. , Jordal R. , Nørregaard‐Hansen K. , Paulev P.‐E. 
Published: August 2010

6 long distance runners from the Danish marathon elite and 6 non‐runners completed test runs of 28 and 12 km, respectively. Distance runners and non‐runners showed the same responses in platelet function. We found a significant decrease in ADP induced platelet aggregability, a decreased serotonin release induced by ADP and collagen and an increase in platelet factor 4 immediately following the run. The antithrombin III levels remained constant. Euglobulin lysis time was shortened (by approximately 50 %) and the plasminogen levels significantly increased. The last 2 findings indicate an equal increase in fibrinolytic activity during distance running in both groups.While short term, strenuous exercise induces platelet hyperaggregation, long term distance running induces a state of exhaustion of platelet aggregation capacity.
Kinetics of Heat Damaged Autologous Red Blood Cells
Authors: Peters A. M. , Ryan P. F. J. , Klonizakis I. , Elkon K. B. , Lewis S. M. , Hughes G. R. V. , Lavender J. P. 
Published: August 2010

The kinetics of radiolabelled heat damaged red cell (HDRBC) distribution have been studied in humans using a gamma camera, and compared with the kinetics of other blood cells. Liver uptake of 111In labelled HDRBC was completed within about 10 min of injection; splenic uptake was biphasic with a half time of about 5 min over the first 20 min following injection, and a later half time much longer than this. Activity initially present in the lung fields cleared within 24 h. The rate constants of liver uptake of 99mTc labelled HDRBC and of 111In labelled platelets were very similar; the rate constants of splenic uptake of these 2 particles were also very similar up to about 20 min following injection when the splenic platelet levels became constant and the HDRBC level continued to slowly rise. Splenic uptake and blood clearance of red cells coated with IgG (IgG‐RBC), in contrast to HDRBC, were monoexponential.It was concluded that: (1) the blood clearance of HDRBC was due to pooling within, and to irreversible extraction by, the spleen; (2) liver uptake of HDRBC, which was irreversible, was completed within 10 min of injection; (3) IgG‐RBC clearance was due to irreversible extraction by the spleen; (4) HDRBC uptake in the lung was unrelated to reticuloendothelial function, and represented prolonged transit through the lung microvasculature.
Lithium Therapy for Cyclic Neutropenia in Children
Authors: Ishii Eiichi , Hara Toshiro , Miyazaki Sumio , Fujiwara Takashi , Goya Nagahide 
Published: August 2010

2 children with cyclic neutropenia were treated with lithium carbonate. In one patient, fever and stomatitis were ameliorated, but the duration of neutropenia was increased and parotitis occurred. In another patient, aphthous stomatitis disappeared but fever persisted. The duration of neutropenia was prolonged and submaxillaritis and sinusitis occurred.Thus, lithium administration may lead to complications when the duration of neutropenia is prolonged. We recommend discontinuation of the drug, even in the presence of amelioration of symptoms.
Release of Growth Promotors from Mononuclear Human Blood Cells by LPS, Lectins and Lithium, as Tested in the Mouse CFU‐C Assay
Authors: Gjerde Bjørn , Bøyum Arne , Løvhaug Dagfinn , Melby Tone 
Published: August 2010

Medium (MCM, 20 % human serum), conditioned for 24 h by mononuclear human blood cells, had no colony‐forming ability when tested in the mouse CFU‐C assay. However, when combined with L‐CSF, which predominantly generates macrophage colonies, MCM increased the colony number and size. Even more significant was the increased cellularity with a striking shift towards granulocyte production. Some human sera induced GIF formation without additives, but mostly LPS was required. After heat inactivation, all sera became dependent on LPS to yield an active MCM. Lithium, PHA, Con A and PMW also stimulated GIF formation, which itself depended upon protein synthesis.Heat inactivation of LPS and serum did not reduce their ability, in combination, to yield an active MCM. However, when serum and LPS were mixed before heat treatment, the ability to induce GIF production was abolished, but could be restored by adding intact LPS. This may indicate that LPS exerts its effect by combining with a serum factor yielding a heat‐sensitive complex. However, even in the absence of serum, LPS had a stimulatory effect when used in large concentrations, but still the MCM was less active than MCM with serum.
Circulating Immune Complexes in Haemophilia and von Willebrand's Disease
Authors: Passaleva A. , Massai G. , Morfini M. , Longo G. , Ferrini P. L. Rossi , Ricci M. 
Published: August 2010

Sera from 63 patients with haemophilia A, 21 with haemophilia B and 29 with von Willebrand's disease were screened for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CICs), serological markers of hepatitis A and B virus, autoantibodies and factor VIII or factor IX inhibitors. CICs were detected by the 125J Clq binding assay (ClqBA), the solid phase conglutinin assay (KgBSP) and the solid phase Clq assay (ClqSP).The incidence of CICs detected by the ClqBA and the ClqSP methods in haemophiliacs and in von Willebrand patients was higher than that observed in normal subjects, while the prevalence of CICs detected by the KgBSP method was not. The presence of CICs was not correlated with patient age, severity of disease, presence of hepatitis B virus serological markers, abnormal liver function tests or factor VIII inhibitors. A significant connection was demonstrated between CICs detected by the ClqBA method and replacement therapy when the dose administered over 1 year was over 20000 U of factor VIII or IX concentrates. The high proportion of CICs in von Willebrand's disease, not connected with the replacement therapy or the presence of serological markers of hepatitis virus, is in agreement with the possibility that immune complexes may be related to the disease itself and independent, at least in part, of exogenous agents.
Dominant familial erythrocytosis with low plasma erythropoitin activity. Studies on four cases
Authors: LY BERNT , MEBERG ALF , KANNELØNNING KJELL , REFSUM HARALD E. , BERG KÅRE 
Published: August 2010

Within the same family erythrocytosis occurred in the mother, in three of five children and possibly in one child of an affected daughter. The occurrence of the anomaly in successive generations as well as the distribution of affected and healthy persons in the offspring of affected individuals are in excellent agreement with autosomal dominant inheritance.Hemoglobin function (P50) and red cell function (2,3‐diphosphoglycerate) were normal. Plasma erythropoitin activity in plasma of affected individuals was undetectable when measured by cell culture assay. Only low levels of activity, comparable to that occurring in normal plasma, were detected using 59Fe incorporation in erythrocytes of exhypoxic, polycythemic mice and this activity did not increase upon phlebotomy of 15–20% of the blood volume. Thus, erythrocytosis was not caused by increased erythropoitin production but some other, unknown mechanism.
Dyskeratosis congenita Haematologic, cytogenetic, and dermatologic studies
Authors: JACOBS PETER , SAXE NORMA , GORDON WALTER , NELSON MOLLY 
Published: August 2010

In a family of 5 boys and 6 girls, 3 brothers have clinical dyskeratosis congenita. Teeth from 2 of the patients were taurodent, and mineral density of the enamel was significantly different from normal. The haematopoietic marrow was hypocellular and there was striking prominence of plasma cells having normal morphology; no granulomata were demonstrated. The decreased erythroid precursors in the marrow correlated with quantitatively reduced erythropoiesis demonstrated on ferrokinetic studies. Recurrent infections occurred but could not be related to neutropenia, and granulocytes and monocytes retained normal function. No abnormality was demonstrated in humoral or cellular immune mechanisms.While superficially similar, dyskeratosis congenita and Fanconi's anaemia are genetically distinct, being X‐linked in the former and inherited as an autosomal recessive in the latter.
Acute leukaemia in a defined geographic area – Incidence, clinical history and prognosis
Authors: Öst Å. , Lindström P. , Christensson B. , Gyllenhammar H. , Engstedt L. 
Published: August 2010

A consecutive series of patients (1978–1981) comprising all patients with acute leukaemia from a population of 475000 inhabitants was reviewed. Thus, 94 patients were diagnosed as having acute leukaemia. No patients were lost from follow‐up. The incidence figures of ALL and AML differed significantly from those of Sweden as a whole. 9 patients were < 15 years old. The median age of adult patients was 64 years, 60.8% being ≥ 60 years old.Of adult patients with AML, 20% had a preleukaemic history (chronic myeloproliferative disorders, myelodysplastic syndromes and others). None of 6 patients with leukaemia as a metamorphosis of a chronic myeloproliferative disorder achieved a complete remission. The overall remission rate of the remaining adult patients was 25%. Treated patients, 15–39 years old, with AML without any preleukaemic history, had a complete remission rate of 80% compared to 12% for patients ≥ 60 years old with the same diagnosis.Of 60 patients with ‘primary’ AML, 14 were not treated, mainly because of advanced age and complicating diseases. Most of these patients died within a week of admission.
Improving Yield in the Manufacture of Factor VIII Concentrates
Authors: Foster P R , Dickson A J , Dickson I H 
Published: August 2010

Although a number of different processes are used to prepare factor VIII concentrates from human plasma the recovery of coagulant activity is almost always very low.A number of loss mechanisms can be identified and these tend to be associated with large‐scale manufacture, where pools of hundreds or thousands of litres of plasma are processed. Many of the procedures which result in loss are common to virtually all of the different manufacturing processes and considerable improvement in yield is possible, particularly if attention is given to careful process engineering design.For the preparation of an intermediate‐purity concentrate the most important points are considered to be:

Provision of a good quality plasma feedstock.
Rapid processing, with no delays from initiation of plasma thawing to freezing of the final concentrate.
Continuous thawing of plasma to allow rapid thawing with precise control of temperature.
Effective centrifugation for cryoprecipitate collection.
The use of low shear agitators and careful control of pH adjustment.
In‐process control of ionised calcium concentration.

Further processing to prepare concentrates of increased purity also results in significant loss of factor VIII and new higher yielding methods are needed if high quality products are required.
Radioactive Synovectomy in Haemophilic Haemarthrosis. Follow‐up of Fifty Cases
Authors: Fernandez‐Palazzi F , de Bosch N B , de Vargas A F 
Published: August 2010

Radioactive synovectomy using gold (Au 198) and rheniun (Re 186) was performed in 50 joints of 43 haemophilic patients for recurrent haemathroses. The joints treated were 31 knees, 30 elbows, 5 ankles and 1 shoulder on five separate occasions. Three patients required injections into two separate joints and in four patients the same joint was injected twice.In 30 joints (60 percent) no further haemarthrosis occurred over the whole follow‐up period. Bleeding was diminished in 14 joints (28 percent) but increased in 6. Overall 88 percent of joints improved with this treatment.Prior to the synovectomy the joint was scanned with technetium (Tc 99m) to compare the inflammation before and after radioactive injection. This was repeated at six months following injection.A leucocyte culture for chromosomal studies was performed in twelve patients after radioactive injection and in four without treatment. All lesions found (non‐specific structural changes) were of no significance and all premalignant changes noted in the first culture disappeared in further control cultures.
Review of the Transmission of Hepatitis By Clotting Factor Concentrates
Authors: Tabor E. 
Published: August 2010

Hepatitis remains a serious complication of the treatment of hemophilia. Even the most sensitive assays for the hepatitis B surface antigen cannot detect every plasma unit which contains the hepatitis B virus. Some (but not all) lots of clotting factor concentrates manufactured from plasma screened for hepatitis B surface antigen have been documented to transmit hepatitis B. Chronic hepatitis B results from between 7–11 percent of hepatitis B infections in hemophiliacs; associated severe chronic liver damage has been documented in 2 percent of infections. Delta agent infection accompanying hepatitis B infection appears to be responsible for significant liver disease in some hemophiliacs.In contrast, nearly every lot of clotting factor concentrate transmits one or more agents of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. Chronic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis appears to result from nearly 50 percent of acute infections. Although liver damage accompanies most of these chronic cases, recent studies have suggested that partial resolution of histologic abnormalities may occur spontaneously in some hemophiliacs.
Contamination of Oral Wounds with Saliva and Bacteria
Authors: Ramström G 
Published: August 2010

Surgery in the oral cavity gives very often complications in the healing process depending on contamination of all wounds with saliva and bacteria. Several reports show that pure gland saliva contains only plasminogen activator activity while mixed saliva contains both fibrinolytic and activator activity. The saliva in the oral wound thus can give increased risk for fibrinolysis of the coagulum formed. Studies of the oral bacteria as such on fibrin plates have not shown either fibrinolytic or plasminogen activator activity. However, it is well known that there are several proteases within the leukocytes capable of dissolving fibrin clots. Accordingly an infection after oral surgery caused by oral bacteria can give increased proteolytic and consequently fibrinolytic activity in the wound.In oral surgery on patients with coagulation disorders even a small rise of fibrinolytic activity can give a postoperative bleeding. It is consequently advisable to treat these patients with antibiotics to prevent infections and to try to protect the coagulum against saliva as much as possible locally and to give fibrinolytic inhibitors such as tranexamic acid.During many years we have treated patients with severe coagulation disorders according to these principles at factor levels as low as 5–10 per cent with a minimum of bleeding complications.
Production of Antihemophilic Factor in France
Authors: Allain J‐P 
Published: August 2010

The ability of the French national blood transfusion system to provide self‐sufficiency for therapeutic coagulation factors is discussed. Adjustment to the rapidly increasing demand in both quality and quantity of Factor VIII is not toally met.Approximately 60 per cent of the total consumption corresponds to concentrate mostly of intermediate purity and one half of this is imported. Although enough blood is collected to provide the plasma required to cover the demand, the logistic of plasma separation and the extensive use of fresh frozen plasma as plasma expander make the starting plasma for Factor VIII preparation in short supply. The development of voluntary plasmapheresis, optimization of the use of blood components, systematic collection of cryoprecipitate from each plasma unit and improvement of quality of starting plasma are necessary to achieve self‐sufficiency.