bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Combustion Turbine Inlet Air Cooling System
Authors: Zamzam Montaser M. , Al-Amiri Abdalla M. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Combustion turbine performance is known to significantly deteriorate at elevated ambient temperatures in the Gulf Countries. This phenomenon is typically tackled by incorporating turbine inlet air-cooling systems that are generally classified under evaporative and refrigerative types. Evaporative systems have limited improvement on the turbine performance and add risk of water carryover into the compressor. However, they are simple, require minor modifications to the inlet house, and have low capital and operating costs. On the contrary, refrigerative systems are complex and require high capital and operating costs and also consume significant parasitic power for the water chillers. Nevertheless refrigerative systems guarantee the required inlet air temperature irrespective of the ambient conditions thus, achieve higher power augmentation.
This paper introduces a novel system that combines the advantages of both the above technologies. The system basically consists of chiller, cooling tower, inlet air coil, interconnecting piping and controls. The tower works as a primary source of cooling to its maximum capability after which the chiller intervenes to supplement it as a secondary source in order to achieve the desired inlet air temperature that tower solely can not achieve it. The system components are arranged in a manner such that the chiller system alternates between two distinct operational configurations to suit the incurring ambient condition; one is similar to a classical chilled water system while the other is a new arrangement in which cooling is attained by the tower solely or assisted by the chiller.
The system guarantees significant increase in power output, reduction of heat rate and exhaust temperature of turbine under various ambient conditions. The system requires smaller chiller that operates less hours and consumes much lower energy than the conventional refrigerative systems. The system also reduces the risks associated with evaporating water into the compressor intake.
High-Resolution Sequence-Stratigraphic Correlation and Facies Characterization of Upper Thamama (Lower Cretaceous) Reservoir Units and Non-Reservoir Zones, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Mansoori Abdulla , Strohmenger Christian J. , Ghani Ahmed A. , Mitchell John C. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Platform carbonates of the Lower Cretaceous Kharaib and Lower Shuaiba formations of Abu Dhabi contain three reservoir zones (Lower Kharaib, Upper Kharaib, and Lower Shuaiba Reservoir Units) bounded and separated by low porosity and very low permeability, so-called dense zones (Lower, Middle, and Upper Dense Zones).
Thirteen reservoir lithofacies and eight non-reservoir (dense) lithofacies were identified from core. Depositional environments of the three reservoir units range from lower ramp to shoal crest to near-back-shoal. The dense zones were deposited in a restricted shallow-lagoonal setting.
The Kharaib and Lower Shuaiba formations are part of the late transgressive sequence set of a second-order supersequence, built by three third-order composite sequences. The three third-order composite sequences are built by twenty fourth-order parasequence sets that show predominantly aggradational and progradational stacking patterns. The parasequence sets are bounded by sequence boundaries, maximum flooding surfaces, and flooding surfaces, which define reservoir sub-units or geological model units. These units are correlatable throughout Abu Dhabi.
Within the Kharaib Formation, third-order transgressive systems tracts are formed by mud-dominated, moderate to high porosity but low to moderate permeability carbonates, whereas grain-dominated, high to very high porosity and permeability carbonates occur in third-order highstand systems tracts. The Lower Shuaiba Formation shows a deepening-upward trend during the third-order transgressive systems tract. The overlaying third-order highstand systems tract is dominated by deeper marine mudstone to wackestone facies that shows a subtle shallowing-upward trend, as well as an upward increase in grain-richness to skeletal, peloid wackestone to packstone.
Thickness and facies changes are minor within one field and only become obvious on a sub-regional and regional view. The established sequence stratigraphic framework and sequence stratigraphy-keyed environment of deposition maps allow a better prediction of the distribution of reservoir rocks throughout the ADCO concession area.
3D OBC Seismic Data Processing for Two Overlapping Carbonate Fields Offshore Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Ishiyama Tomohide , Painter Derrick , Belaid Kamel , Gazet Stephan , Al-Suwaidi Ahmad S. , Karwatowski Joe , Mahgoub Mohamed , Furuya Keiichi , El Dakhakhny Alaa , Sinno Rick 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
A large 3D OBC seismic survey was conducted offshore Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. This survey covered an undeveloped Lower Cretaceous Thamama field and a producing Middle Cretaceous Mishrif field and was highly-specified to achieve the different development objectives of the individual fields.
Data processing was particularly challenging. In addition to the mud-roll and trapped mode noises, inter-bed multiples and acquisition footprint that is associated with OBC data acquired offshore Abu Dhabi, there was a significant difference in raw field data quality between the two fields despite uniform processing that was applied in an attempt to obtain a seamless image across the area. A single set of parameters was applied after extensive testing in both fields using well synthetics and VSP's as to guide parameter selection at key steps in the processing flow. A conservative methodology was adopted for noise attenuation. The objective was to peal noises from the data without touching signal. Multiple targeted noise attenuation processes focused on specific noise types, were applied as opposed to a few harsh filters that addressed multiple noise types in the same step that could produce a uniform but low-resolution data set across both areas. Much of the coherent noise attenuation was performed on the separate P and Z components prior to PZ summation.
The processed final data revealed clear features: (1) continuous reflections and discontinuous fault trends; (2) channel-like-features in overburden; and (3) reefal reservoir edge; which were not mapped in previous 2D seismic surveys. However, some objectives were not fully resolved and have to be addressed in any future re-processing: (1) difference in data quality between the two fields such as S/N ratio, signal frequency bandwidth and wavelet; (2) remnant acquisition footprint; and (3) limited resolution and offset range. The marked contrast in data quality between the two fields was interpreted as being related to variations in near surface geologies. A separate targeted processing in each individual field could address these problems. The lesson learnt during the processing will help any future processing in a carbonate field of offshore Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Analysis of Low Frequency Passive Seismic Data from an Experiment over a Carbonate Reservoir in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Berteussen K. A. , Ali M. Y. , Small J. , Anjana B. T. , Barkat B. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Passive seismic experiments using a small array of 3-component instruments were conducted over an onshore carbonate oilfield in Abu Dhabi. The aim is to confirm and understand the origins of a low frequency signals (2.5–2.8 Hz) that has been observed above several hydrocarbon reservoirs in the area and considered as a hydrocarbon indicator.
The results of the experiments indicate that a narrow-band of low frequency signal is present above the hydrocarbon reservoir as previously claimed, but that this signal is also observed over nearby assumed non-reservoir locations. Variations in the character of the signals recorded 12 hours apart during midday and midnight periods were observed.
The possible causes of this low frequency energy are not well understood. However, using the array of 3-components instruments, we are able to determine the apparent velocities and the azimuth of the wave fronts as well as the particle motion of the recorded low frequency waves. The results indicate that the observed signals are most likely due to some type of surface waves with the azimuth to the source pointing towards the nearest coastline in the area (the Arabian Gulf).
Gas Condensate Pseudopressure in Layered Reservoirs
Authors: Singh Kameshwar , Whitson Curtis H. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The paper presents verification of the Fevang-Whitson gas condensate pseudopressure method for layered reservoirs. Layers may be characterized by widely varying permeability and composition, and they may be communicating or non-communicating. The pseudopressure method is used in well calculations for coarse-grid models with relatively large areal grid dimensions (&gt;50 m), capturing near-well condensate blockage without local grid refinement, thereby reducing runtime and model size.
The paper presents examples from several field studies, and two synthetic systems using a commercial reservoir simulator. The field studies include rich and lean condensates reservoirs.
The study was conducted using a commercial compositional reservoir simulator. 3D multi-layer, fine-grid (radial and cartesian) models and equivalent coarse grid models were used. Both depletion and gas injection cases were simulated for a wide range of reservoir fluids. Reservoir performance was compared between fine-grid models and coarse-grid models using the gas condensate pseudopressure method, showing comparable results in all cases studied, including relative permeabilities with capillary number dependence and high-velocity (P) flow treatment.
The coarse-grid model with pseudopressure is somewhat dependent on coarse-grid size, generally requiring Δx=Δy ≈ 50–100 m for lean gas condensates, and Δx=Δy ≈ 100–200 m for rich gas condensates.
The paper verifies for the first time that the gas condensate pseudopressure method as proposed by Fevang and Whitson is valid and accurate for layered systems with significant heterogeneity (permeability variation), with and without crossflow, with and without capillary number modification of relative permeabilities, and for widely-ranging fluid compositions in each layer.
Surface Deformation Around the Musandam Peninsula Detected by Differential SAR Interferometry
Authors: Onuma Takumi , Berteussen Karl , Fujita Nozomi 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Repeated moderate earthquakes around the Musandam Peninsula have increased the concerns about earthquake hazards in UAE. In order to understand the influence of earthquakes around the Peninsula, long-term monitoring of the surface deformation should be considered. Pattern of surface deformation has been investigated around the Peninsula where parauthochthonous shelf carbonates ranging from Permian to Mid Cretaceous and Semail Ophiolite are widely exposed, using satellite-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data.
Differential Interferometry SAR (DInSAR), a promising remote sensing technique on the detection of ground displacement at an order of millimeters, was applied using nine ENVISAT ASAR scenes acquired since 2003 through 2008. Five earthquake events around Fujairah are listed in USGS/NEIC database, and co-seismic interferometry pairs that meet the baseline requirement less than 200m which is appropriate for ENVISAT ASAR interferometry processing, have been selected. Differential interferograms were stacked to detect the deformation rate with minimizing the atmospheric artifacts and phase noise. Tentative result of stacking shows that subsidence rate up to −10 mm/year in SAR line of sight direction was detected around Ras Al Khaimah Airport and Tayyibah, which may not be related with earthquakes. Also, upheaval patterns up to +7 mm/year for northern part of the Dibba Zone as well as subsidence pattern of −5 mm/year for the Khor Fakkan block are inferred which may be related with seismic activities. The result, however, is a little noisy due to limited number of interferograms, the inclusion of more scenes into the dataset, of which acquisitions have been planned, may improve the quality of the analyses. Deformation history since 2003 to 2008 using advanced analysis methods of DInSAR is another interest of the study.
Prudent and Integrated Production Planning to Maintain Excellent Operations in Angsi Field, Peninsular Malaysia Operations
Authors: Hadi Sriyanta , Osman Azmee , Bahrun Alfie Iskandar , Khalid Mas Thura , Ismaon Marliana , Rahim Parveen A 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Angsi Field is an offshore field located in offshore Peninsular Malaysia, developed with an integrated oil and gas processing plant, water injection facilities and gas lift infrastructure. The field was brought to oil production at an initial rate about 30 Mstb/d in end 2001. In early 2002, it started gas production at an initial rate of about 300 MMscf/d of gas which is currently maintained at about 300-400 MMscf/d. Crude oil production peaked in 2005 and was followed by a moderate decline over the next three years. Besides crude oil and gas production, the field also produces condensate while producing gas. It was recognized that a proactive field management strategy was required in order to minimize any further production decline and maintain excellent production operations as the field production forecast showed a declining trend. Four key levers for sustaining Angsi's production were identified, namely: 1) prudent reservoir management and reliable water injection; 2) continuous production improvement and unfailing well integrity; 3) facility optimization and operational improvement; and 4) maintenance of high equipment uptime and infrastructure integrity. On top of those four levers, prudent and integrated production planning was very important in managing the integration of sub-surface and surface aspects. Various sub-surface and surface technologies were sourced with a target of sustaining production and maximizing oil and gas recovery. The lookback analysis presented here describes the use of an integrated approach in production planning and creativity in resolving problems involving reservoir management & well integrity and production operations through teamwork building.
Design and Fabrication of a Low Rate Metering Skid to Measure Internal Leak Rates of Pressurized Annuli for Determining Well Integrity Status
Authors: Al-Tamimi Ali , Al-Mansoori Shaheen , Samad Saleh , Al-Shagga M. , Hussain Ashiq , Ghneim George J. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
In the oil industry, the wells are designed to have at least two tested barriers intact and maintained at all times to avoid any uncontrollable release of hydrocarbon/water at the surface. A sustained annulus pressure indicates failure of one or more well barriers. It is important to measure the leak rate associated with a barrier failure in order to properly risk assess the well from safety and operation integrity point of view.
In case of a downhole barrier (completion, tubing, casing or cement) failure, surface pressure may be seen in the annuli. In such a case, the question of how to live with and how to manage these annuli pressures are always raised. The risk associated with this failure are defined considering annulus pressure value (Should not reach Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure (MAASP) which safeguard the weakest element in the pressure envelop) and leak rate of effluent fluids of the annulus. Annulus fluid leak rate provides a sense of the leak path geometry and the risk associated with the annulus pressure in case of loss of wellhead control. The company has defined Allowable Leak Rate for oil, gas and water as 6.3 gallon/hr, 15 SCF/min and 400 gallon/hr respectively as standards. In case of sustained annulus pressure with leak rate outside the acceptable range, an immediate action is required to secure the well, carry further investigations and plan proper well intervention to restore the annulus integrity. The leak rate measurement can be performed through test vessels but this will be good for the high flow rates. The test vessel costs more money and delays other routine operations. On the basis of these limitations, the idea came to design and fabricate a portable Meter Skid capable of measuring low flow rates especially for off shore operations.
A portable fit for purpose Meter Skid to measure annulus fluids rate measurement has been fabricated by the company. The Skid is basically a small knock out drum comprises a drum with level glass, flow meter for gas and piping with gauges built on a skid with lifting hooks. During flow rate measurements, extra oil is decanted using a small portable pump. The Meter Skid is unique and one of its kind which helps to measure the small flow rates from the annuli to better define the well integrity status of the well in the light of company Well Integrity Standards.
Professional Development Advisors: The Link between Line Organizations, Management and the Training Organization
Authors: Aggour Tamir 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
One of the traditional problems associated with technical training is the disconnect between the training organization in charge of arranging and offering the training, and the line organizations whose engineers are receiving the training. This often results in somewhat random and unfocused training that is not always aligned with the current and future business needs of the company. Saudi Aramco has introduced the concept of the Professional Development Advisor (PDA), who serves as the intermediary between the line organization, management and the training organization. This paper discusses the roles and responsibilities of the PDA, as well as the organizational and administrative structure established to facilitate effective execution of the numerous PDA duties.
Professional Development Advisors represent the line organizations within the training organization. They are technical experts responsible for managing the curriculum for their respective disciplines. PDAs provide technical oversight of their curriculum, ensuring that it remains current and responsive to the needs of the company. Interacting extensively with their line organization as well as the other departments in the training organization, they ensure effective integration of the various training and development components, including formal training, work assignments and e-learning. The ultimate goal of PDAs is to ensure that the structure and content of technical development programs effectively and efficiently produce competent engineers and geoscientists who can contribute to their technical organizations.
3-D Seismic Evidence of Tertiary - Cretaceous Karsts & Collapse Disturbances from Offshore Oil Field in Abu Dhabi and Outcrop Analogs from Jebel Hafit, United Arab Emirates
Authors: El Awawdeh Raed , Khouri Naeema , Al Neyadi Abdulla , Shevchek Zygmunt J , Shebl Hesham , Edwards Henry Ewart , Gombos Andrew , Johns Mary 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Tertiary to Cretaceous age karsts and collapse disturbances were observed from recent 3D seismic interpretation of an offshore Abu Dhabi oil-field. The seismic evidence of karst features was investigated using full-stack, spectral whitened, and discontinuity volumes. In addition, circular features were detected at specific sequence boundaries after examining curvature maps, disturbed amplitudes, velocity effects, and attenuation attributes. Several karsts and collapse disturbances tend to be associated with anhydrite beds overlaying thick carbonate intervals and seem to be limited to the Tertiary stratigraphic column; other karsts were observed to be limited to Cretaceous dolomite and limestone reservoir intervals. The Tertiary age karsts were observed to cause seismic image and amplitude disturbance at various depths, whereas the Cretaceous age karsts tend to be limited in radius and depth and have more limited effect on seismic response.
In the attempt to better understand the limit of some karsts and collapse disturbances, well data (wireline log, conventional core, and thin-section) were investigated within the karst areas and integrated with 3D seismic data. 3D seismic based geometries and attributes were analyzed to evaluate the possibility of detecting the damage-zone limit versus velocity effect with depth due to fill material. Another effect investigated is that of fracture-fault zone distribution relative to karst localization.
Analogue karst features of a similar age-range (Tertiary and younger) to the seismic examples occur within Jebel Hafit in the onshore UAE, where solution effects, debris fill, mineralization, and collapse effects can be observed and compared with the offshore examples. Here, structural discontinuities also enhance the karstic features.
Wireline "creep"
Authors: Fitzgerald Peter 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Stationary operations, such as formation testing, sidewall core sampling or perforating, conducted with wireline tools are usually intended to be made at depths precisely specified with respect to some reference log. The process of correlating to the reference log is, in principle, simple, and well understood. However, regardless of how well the depth has been adjusted to match that of the reference log while the winch and downhole tool is moving towards the required station depth, when the winch is stopped the toolstring will, in general, continue to move for some time afterwards. Thus, the very act of stopping the winch leads to the development of a discrepancy between the indicated and true tool depths (with respect to the reference log). This effect, known as creep, has been recognized for many years, but recent work, described here, sheds some new light on the phenomenon.
Depth uncertainty due to creep may lead to "dry tests" when making pressure measurements, or mis-interpretation of any samples that are taken – or even a failure to take fluid samples at all, particularly in highly-laminated reservoirs. Additionally, pressure gradient determination is complicated by any uncertainty in the depths of indivivual pressure measurements. Finally, if the effect is significant during perforation operations, the well's performance may be adversely affected.
This paper discusses some of the causes of wireline creep, which are more complex than might be thought. It presents a method for estimating or measuring the amount of creep that has occurred when the toolstring finally comes to rest. It also discusses the qualitative differences between creep during typical open-hole and cased-hole wireline jobs, and some of the operational implications of these differences.
Some specific examples of creep in open hole, and a summary of a study to quantify the amount of creep observed during wireline perforating jobs, are also presented.
Some suggestions for future work to shed further light on the creep issue are made.
Finally, some recommendations for wireline operations, to minimize the impact of creep, are proposed.