bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poverty and mental illness: An unbreakable cycle?
Authors: Santos M. , Ribeiro A.E. 
Published: May 2011

Mental condition is determined by a multiplicity of factors, such as biological, individual, social, economic and environmental. Mental and behavioural disorders are estimated to account for 13% of the global burden of disease, according to the World Health Organization. Despite this evidence, mental health is a neglected and an under-researched area of public health, particularly in low-and-middle-income-countries (LMICs).Recent studies found an association between common mental disorders (CMD), such as depression and anxiety, and poverty. However, investigation on several specific poverty indicators has revealed a much more complex scenario.A recent meta-analysis showed that variables such as education, food insecurity, housing, social class, socio-economic status and financial stress are consistently and strongly associated with CMD. In turn, the disabling effects of mental disorders impair the ability of persons to self-sustain, reflecting a relationship between poverty and mental disorders that has been likened to a vicious cycle.The authors emphasize the need for improvement of LMICs mental health policies.
Review of studies of ADHD: Long-term outcomes with and without treatment
Authors: Shaw M. , Caci H. , Hodgkins P. , Kahle J. , Callamaras N. , Woods A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAs awareness of ADHD has increased worldwide, interest has grown beyond the constellation of ADHD symptoms, to include long-term impact on people's lives and society in general.ObjectivesExamine the results of studies of long-term life consequences of ADHD.AimsTo identify areas of life affected long-term by ADHD and differences in outcomes with and without ADHD treatment.MethodsFollowing Cochrane guidelines, 12 databases were searched for studies published in English (1980–2010). Limiting criteria maximized study inclusion while maintaining high study rigor: (1) peer-reviewed, (2) primary study reports, (3) including a comparator condition, and (4) reporting long-term outcomes (mean 8 years, range 6 months-40 years from study start for prospective studies; subjects in adolescence or adulthood for retrospective or cross-sectional studies). The fully-defined electronic search yielded 4615 citations. Manual review based on titles and abstracts yielded 340 studies included in this analysis of outcomes.ResultsThe majority of studies (86%, 243 of 281; studies of untreated ADHD only) showed that untreated ADHD has substantial negative long-term outcomes, encompassing nine broad-ranging areas of life: non-medicinal drug use/addictive behaviour, antisocial behaviour, academic achievement, occupational achievement, public services use, self-esteem, social function, obesity, and driving outcomes. In contrast, most studies including ADHD pharmacotherapy and/or non-pharmacotherapy (94%, 46 of 49) showed that compared with baseline or untreated ADHD, long-term outcomes improved or stabilized with treatment of ADHD.ConclusionsADHD has notable negative long-term consequences, and this negative impact may be reduced with treatment of ADHD. Supported by Shire Development Inc.
Training in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) in Europe: 2010–11 survey by the European Federation of psychiatric trainees CAP working group
Authors: Simmons M. , Pacherova L. , Barrett E. ,   EFPT Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Working Group
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe education and training of doctors specialising in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) varies substantially across Europe. There is a paucity of information available about training quality. This prompted an initial training survey led by Dr E Barrett (2010) which was expanded upon by the CAP working group in the 2010 EFPT international forum in Dubrovnik to create ‘country reports’ for 2010–2011.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to collect information relating to key aspects of CAP training programmes in Europe in a systematic way in order to start a ‘Training Database’ that can be held centrally by the EFPT. Information will be added to the database every year following EFPT annual international meetings.AimsWe aim to better understand the training structures in CAP across europe to help inform best practice standards for training.MethodsA pro-forma word document was emailed to all EFPT CAP contacts: there were 20 contacts emailed.ResultsSo far we have a response rate of over 60% and we are continuing to collect and collate relevant data. This survey highlighted a large variation in CAP training across Europe. It represents the basis for systematic data collection on an international level, and will help focus on areas where CAP training could be improved.ConclusionsThis survey highlights a large variation in CAP training across Europe. It represents the basis for systematic data collection on an international level, and will help focus on areas where CAP training could be improved.
Quality of life of patients residing in long-term care psychiatric community settings
Authors: Stinga M. , Moti E. , Papageorgiou E. , Ioannou T. , Paraskevopoulou V. , Papanikolaou K. , Voura N. , Angelidis G.F. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIn the context of psychiatric reformation, the long-term mentally ill have moved from institutionalized care to outpatient-based mental health services and community-based rehabilitation settings.ObjectiveQuality of Life (QoL) constitutes a critical outcome of mental health programs and services and is a multidimensional subjective construct.AimExploring the perceived QoL of long-term psychiatric residents and, identifying possible associations between sociodemographic variables, psychiatric history, cognitive function (MMSE), physical comorbidity and type of residential care.Method104 patients residing for over six months, to community based rehabilitation settings subjected to the PHPO (5 sheltered apartments, 7 hostels, 2 boarding houses) were encountered. QoL of participants was assessed using the self-fulfilling, 36 item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) at a given point of time.ResultsThe majority of the residents expressed good levels of satisfaction in all subscales of the SF-36, with mean values of Physical Component Summary (PCS): 34.90 ± 13.92 (range: 0–50) and Mental Component Summary (MCS): 67.89 ± 20.09 (range: 25-100). Statistical significant differences were recorded concerning the PCS and age (p = 0.000), MMSE scores (p = 0.000), educational level (p = 0.017), marital status (p = 0.049) and type of residential home (p = 0.012). MCS was statistically significant associated with age (p = 0.032), MMSE scores (p = 0.007), socioeconomic status (p = 0.008) and type of residential home, too (p = 0.040). No differences were found concerning psychiatric diagnosis or physical comorbidity.ConclusionsCommunity care models provide subjective positive life satisfactions to the majority of the chronically mentally ill. Thus, besides the care giver's management, independent variables play an important role to perceived QoL.
Comparison of burnout syndrome, anxiety and depression in nurses of psychiatric ward and other wards
Authors: Toobaee S. , Tadioni G.R. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundBurnout is a syndrome consisting of physical and mental exhaustion and depersonalization. Work burn out may be caused by job specification and environment. Medical and paramedical staff because of their job is at high risk and burn out is more common in this group.MethodsIn this research 104 nurse including 52 nurses from psychiatry ward and 52 nurses from other hospital wards were randomly selected and evaluated for signs of burn out, anxiety, depression. We applied maslach (MBI) questionnaire to assess the prevalence of burn out, beck questionnaire for prevalence of depression and Hamilton questionnaire for anxiety.ResultsThe results showed no significant differences in the average grades of work burn out, depression, anxiety among the nurses serving psychiatry wards and other hospital wards.ConclusionAs a result being in contact with psychiatric patient cannot essentially lead to anxiety and depression in their caring nursed and so psychological disorder are not transmissible.
The helps toolkit - a tool to promote the physical health of residents in psychiatric facilities across Europe
Authors: Weiser P. , Becker T. , Kilian R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPeople with a mental disorder are at increased risk for physical illness and therefore their risk of premature death is raised. An unhealthy lifestyle, living conditions, medication side-effects and a lack of physical health monitoring are regarded as the main causes of high somatic morbidity. But up to now only little research has addressed the physical co-morbidity in mentally ill. At present, there are no specific policies to improve the health status of residents in mental health care facilities.Objectives / methodsAgainst this background a multi-disciplinary network of experts from 15 European countries was set up. Working together with researchers, stakeholders, professionals, networks, practitioners, and relevant organizations, the HELPS network developed a “physical health promotion toolkit” for routine application in a wide range of mental health care facilities across Europe. The HELPS toolkit intends to empower patients and staff to identify the most relevant risk factors in their specific context and subsequently select the most appropriate action out of a range of defined health promoting interventions. In doing so, the toolkit takes into account the heterogeneity of mental disorders, the high number of somatic problems, aspects of lifestyle, environment, medical care system, personal goals of patients and their motivation for health behavior.Results / conclusionsThe poster presents the HELPS toolkit. It illustrates the individual components of the tool and the processes of its implementation and evaluation. First results of the pilot study concerning the feasibility of the toolkit will be presented and discussed.
Dual diagnosis (DD) at first admission (FA) in three different periods: An epidemiological study
Authors: Zeppegno P. , Porro M. , Lombardi A. , Feggi A. , Torre E. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDD represents a common issue in clinical practice, with relevant effects on symptoms, course and treatment of disease. It's often associated with negative outcome as a greater severity of symptoms and resistance to drug treatment.ObjectivesTo assess how the characteristics (sociodemographic, clinical and related to substance abuse) of patients discharged with DD have changed taking into account the FA occurred in three different five-year periods (1990–1994, 2000–2004, 2005–2009). We also compared the characteristics of patients discharged with only psychiatric diagnosis with those of patients with DD to look for possible risk factors for abuse among people with psychiatric illness.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of medical records of patients at FA to our Institute in three different periods. We divided the patients discharged with DD from those discharged with only psychiatric diagnosis.ResultsAmong the FA occurred in the periods examined we noticed an increase of DD cases (12% from 1990 to 1994, 21% 2000–2004, 28% 2005–2009). The incidence of each diagnosis was changed in several years, but each time the diseases more represented remain schizophrenic or affective psychosis and personality disorders. Alcohol is the most widely used psychotropic drug in each period. There is also a progressive increase in the abuse of cannabis, cocaine and in the incidence of multi-drug abusers. Compared with patients discharged with only a psychiatric diagnosis, patients with DD were more frequently:male, younger, unmarried, unemployed, with legal issues, grown up in a family with serious problems, and history of etero-aggressive episodes.ConclusionsDue to continued increase in cases of DD, we want to highlight the importance of early identification of cases of comorbidity in order to provide adequate treatment and support.
Analysis of correlations among theory of mind, symptoms and personologic traits in university students
Authors: Zeppegno P. , Gogliani A. , Antona M. , Gili S. , Ponzetti D. , Torre E. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionTheory of mind represents the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others and to use these mental representations to decide one's own and predict others’ behavior. In our study, ToM is investigated in a non-psychiatric setting: a university students sample.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of subthreshold alterations in our sample and, on the other hand, if altered cognitive functioning can worsen study performance. Moreover it investigates a possible correlation between the faculty chosen and cognitive functioning. We considered 228 students attending the Faculty of: Economy (n = 26), Dental hygienists(n = 7), Law(n = 16), Medicine (n = 54), Pharmaceutics(n = 27), Physiotherapy(n = 15), Mathematics, Physics and Biology (n = 12), Midwifery (n = 14), Chemistry and Pharmaceutical techniques (n = 17), Liberal Arts (n = 3), Nursing (n = 37).MethodsWe administered the following tests to 228 university students: EYSENCK PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE (EPQ-R): evaluating some personality dimensions including psychoticism, neuroticism, introversion, extroversion;SCL-90-R: self-evaluation scale of some symptom dimensions as somatization, obsessive-compulsiveness, depression, anxiety, anger, hostility, sensitivity, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism; TEST OF EMOTION ATTRIBUTION: composed of 58 short scenes concerning seven emotions (sadness, fear, shame, disgust, happiness, anger, envy) that the student must identify.TEST OF ToM: consists of 13 short stories describing social and family situations; the student must identify why the protagonist behaved in a certain manner.ResultsThe statistical analysis is still in progress. Preliminary data suggest that people with subthreshold symptoms belonging to the depression, obsessive-compulsiveness, anxiety and phobic-anxiety clusters show deficits of theory of mind. Data concerning the correlation between cognitive functioning and faculty chosen and between cognitive functioning and poor study performance will be examined in a further work.ConclusionsOur results together with data from literature suggest the chance to apply this set of tests to screen deficit of Theory of Mind in a non mentally ill population.
Polypharmacy in psychiatric inpatients: Data from amsp (arzneimittelsicherheit in der psychiatrie), a european pharmacovigilance system
Authors: Konstantinidis A. , Letmaier M. , Grohmann R. , Stephan P. , Engel R. , Kasper S. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPsychotropic polypharmacy is widely used in routine clinical practice although there is still a substantial deficit in established knowledge about combination and augmentation treatments. Polypharmacy is related with a higher risk of adverse drug reactions and incompliance.MethodsOn two reference days per hospital and per year, the following data are recorded for all patients on the wards under AMSP surveillance: all drugs applied on that day with the daily dosage for psychotropic drugs, ICD diagnosis, age, and sex. Data is stored at the study center in Munich. We evaluated data from 2000 (N = 5669) and 2007 (N = 8346).ResultsFrom 2000 to 2007 inpatient prescriptions including three or more drugs increased significantly from 59.4% to 69.3% (chi2: 144.913; df:1; p < 0.001). Furthermore the percentage of inpatients being prescribed three or more psychotropics increased significantly from 36.5% in 2000 to 47.97% in 2007 (chi2: 180.01; df:1; p < 0.001).Investigating further, which inpatients, diagnosed according to ICD-10, tend to be treated with more than two psychotropics, we found that this was more common in inpatients, who had an F2., F3. or F9. ICD-10 diagnosis. Especially inpatients with a bipolar disorder (F31.) showed an extremely high rate for psychotropic polypharmacy with three or more psychotropic drugs, with rates of 63,8% in 2000 and 75,2% in 2007.ConclusionPolypharmacy is still gaining ground. Our results show that psychotropic agents are commonly used in combination; therefore further studies evaluating assumable positive results of psychotropic combinations are needed.
L-methylfolate augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIS) for major depressive disorder: Results of two randomized, double-blind trials
Authors: Papakostas G. , Shelton R. , Zajecka J. , Rickels K. , Clain A. , Baer L. , Schoenfeld D. , Nelson E. , Barbee J. , Lydiard B. , Mischoulon D. , Alpert J. , Zisook S. , Fava M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionTwo randomized, controlled trials of L-methylfolate augmentation of SSRIs for major depressive disorder (MDD) were conducted using a novel study design (sequential parallel comparison design- SPCD).Objectives/aimsTo evaluate the efficacy of L-methylfolate augmentation using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.MethodsIn study one (TRD-1), 148 outpatients with SSRI-resistant MDD were enrolled in a 60-day, SPCD study, divided into two 30-day periods (phases 1 and 2). Patients were randomized 2:3:3 to receive L-methylfolate (7.5mg/d in phase 1, 15mg/d in phase 2), placebo in phase 1 followed by L-methylfolate 7.5mg/d in phase 2, or placebo for both phases. Study two (TRD-2) involved 75 patients and was identical in design to TRD-1 except for the dose of L-methylfolate (15mg only).ResultsIn the TRD-1 Study, L-methylfolate 7.5 mg/d was not found to be more effective than placebo. In phase 1 of the TRD-2 Study, 37% of patients on L-methylfolate 15mg/d responded and 18% of placebo patients responded, while in phase 2 among placebo non-responders, the response rates were 28% on L-methylfolate 15mg/d and 9.5% on placebo. When phases 1 and 2 were pooled according to the SPCD model, the difference in response rates was statistically significant in favor of L-methylfolate (p = 0.0399). The rates of spontaneously reported AEs and rates of study discontinuation appear r comparable between L-methylfolate and placebo in both studies. Rates of study discontinuation were also comparableConclusionsThese studies suggest that L-methylfolate 15 mg/d may be a safe and effective augmentation strategy for inadequate response to SSRIs.
Do we follow prescribing and administering guidelines?
Authors: Popescu F. 
Published: May 2011

This audit was done in July 2010 in an Geriatric Psychiatric Unit. Data collected from 45 drug cards with a total of 368 prescriptions, both psychotopic and non-psychotropic, regular and PRN prescriptions.The aim was to analyse ?% of prescriptions on drug cards are meeting Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Trust guidelines in both medics prescribing and nurses administering.Prescribing guidelines:Ø drug: generic name, capitals, dose amount, dose unit, frequency, route of administrationØ patient: full name, address, date of birth (D.O.B.), patient id (P.I.D.), allergy status, team, wardØ prescribing doctor: signature, printed name, date of prescriptionØ In general: legibility and black inkAdministering guidelines:• At administration of the drug, the practitioner must, sign with initials in the appropriate column of the official prescription sheet or introduce the correct code.The results:2 tables can′t attachSIGNATURE AT ADMINISTRATION by the nurses•Signed 95%•Signed + code 18.5%•Administered by the nurses but not signed by dr. 0.5%Recommendations:1.Medics and nurses teaching2.Introduction of the prescribing guidelines in the junior doctors trust induction handbook3.Notes with prescribing /administering guidelines4.Special print name box on the drug card5.Introducing electronic prescribing to avoid missing allergies6.Re-audit December 2010The first four recommendations have been already implemented.The audit has been registered with the Clinical Governance Department. By the time of the presentation of the poster with your permission in March, the audit cycle will be closed.
Hormones in the immediate postpartum period as a risk factor for postnatal depression, at two months postpartum
Authors: Leonardou A.A. , Boufidou F. , Zervas I. , Nikolaou C. , Lambrinoudaki I. , Papageorgiou C. , Christodoulou G. , Papadimitriou G. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPostnatal depression is a serious disorder affecting 10–20% of postpartum women. It has a negative impact on the whole family system and on the child's development.ObjectivesIt is important to identify possible risk factors for PND, due to its frequency and severity. It has been hypothesized that the hormonal fluctuatios of the immediate postpartum period could be a risk factor for the appearance of PND.AimsThis study aimed at inquiring the possible correlation of hormonal parameters in the 1st week postpartum with the appearance of PND.Methods95 postpartum women were recruited, in the process of validating the Greek EPDS. Of them, 40 consented to give blood on the second postpartum day, so that the plasma levels of TSH, T4, T3, FSH, LH, Progesterone, Estradiol, Prolactin and Cortisol were measured. 81/95 women consented to be reassessed at 8 weeks postpartum, and 10/81 were diagnosed with depression, major or minor. Plasma levels of the hormones were correlated with the diagnosis of PND and with the EPDS.ResultsWomen who suffered from PND did not differ from the non-PND subjects in the levels of all measured hormones. There was a statistically significant negative correlation of the levels of prolactin with the EPDS on the second postpartum day (p < 0.001, correlation coefficient -0.56).ConclusionsOur study failed to show a definite correlation of the hormonal levels in the immediate postpartum period with PND. In other studies the role of hormones in the appearance of PND remains as well questionable.
Depressive disorder among married children and adolescents
Authors: Afridi I.M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDepression is a common condition that does not spare any age, gender and group. Marriage, an important life event, that too in early age in relation to this disorder, is the focus of this study.ObjectiveTo assess married male and female cases with age< 18 years for depressive disorder.MethodsThis study was conducted in psychiatric out-patients at Neuro-spinal & medical Institute, Karachi. 564 cases below 18 years consulted. Among them 44 married cases fulfilling the including criteria were selected. They were assessed on semi-structured proforma. Criteria of ICD-10 were applied for diagnostic purpose. Ethical issues were taken care off. Results were analyzed through SPSS.ResultsForty four cases (7.8%) were married among total 564 cases < 18 years. Among them 15 (34%) were males and 29 (66%) were females. Their age ranged between 9-< 18 years with mean ages ± SD was 16.1 ± 1.8 years. Most of the females (51.7%) were illiterate while 46.7% of the males were students of primary classes. Most were from joint families with family members of up to 18 members. According to ICD-10, 33.3% of the males and 62.1% of the females were suffering from depressive disorder.ConclusionEarly marriage is still prevalent (7.8%) among of children and adolescents in this part of the world. Depressive disorder was almost double among females below 18 years.