bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential use of complex derivatization procedures in comprehensive HPLC‐MS/MS detection of anabolic steroids
Authors: Baranov Pavel A. , Appolonova Svetlana A. , Rodchenkov Grigory M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe use of two separate derivatization procedures with the formation of oxime (hydroxyl ammonium pretreatment) and picolinoyl (mixed anhydride method) derivates of anabolic steroids following HPLC‐MS/MS analysis was proposed. The main product ions of obtained derivatives for 21 anabolic steroids were evaluated and fragmentation pathways were compared.The analysis of MS/MS spectra for underivatized steroids versus oxime or picolinoyl derivatives showed that in case of analytes containing conjugated double bonds in sterane core all of the observed MS/MS spectra contained abundant product ions of diagnostic value. The implementation of derivatization procedures to such compounds is useful for upgrading sensitivity or selectivity of the evaluated method. On the other hand, MS/MS spectra of underivatized and oxime analytes without conjugated double bonds in sterane core produce spectra with large amounts of low abundant product ions. Picolinoyl derivatives formation leads to highly specific spectra with product ions of diagnostic value coupled with sensitive and selective analysis at the same time. The intra‐ and inter‐group comparison analysis revealed that fragmentation pathways for underivatized steroids and correspondent oxime derivatives are similar.The obtained oxime and picolinoyl derivatives provided 10–15 times higher ESI response in the HPLC‐ESI‐MS‐selected reaction monitoring (SRM) when compared to those of underivatized molecules in positive HPLC‐ESI‐MS mode.Due to the laborious sample preparation we suggest to use the performed strategy for confirmation analysis purposes, metabolic studies or while the identification of new steroids or steroid‐like substances. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of olive crushing methods on the yields and oil characteristics
Authors: Preziuso Serena Maria , Di Serio Maria Gabriella , Biasone Alessandro , Vito Raffaella , Mucciarella Maria Regina , Di Giovacchino Luciano 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the last years, metallic crushers substituted granite stone mill with some variations in the organoleptic oil characteristics. To control the influence of the crushing method on the yield and oil quality, the olive pastes were obtained using three different ways: (i) new metallic crusher at mobile knives; (ii) granite stone mill; (iii) double olive crushing by the metallic crusher and the granite stone mill. With the aim to ascertain the useful use of a new metallic crusher (at mobile knives), experimental tests were carried out in an industrial oil mill. This oil mill is equipped by a centrifugal decanter generating two oil flows: first and second extraction (recovery) oils. The results showed that the yields obtained by different methods were satisfactory. No statistically significant differences have been observed in terms of oil yield and quality when different crushing devices were used. All first extracted oils are extra virgin with similar organoleptic characteristics, especially for the fruity intensity and for the bitter and pungent taste, as confirmed by the composition of volatile substances and the content of phenolic oil compounds. The recovery oils (second extraction oils) showed, in contrast to first extraction oils, a more intense green colour and a higher content of total phenols.Practical applications: Processing of sound olives with the right ripening grade and good quality allows to easily obtain an extra virgin olive oil, with commercial qualitative parameters according to the European Union requirements. However, different olive crushing systems affect the concentrations of some compounds responsible of aroma and taste (phenolic compounds). The use of the more violent metallic crushers facilitates obtaining oils with total phenol content higher than when using a stone mill. Here we used a particular metallic crusher (at knives) that, however, is suitable to replace the granite stone mill when a less pungent and bitter oil is required.
Intestinal digestion of fish oils and ω‐3 concentrates under in vitro conditions
Authors: Martin Diana , Nieto‐Fuentes Juan A. , Señoráns Francisco J. , Reglero Guillermo , Soler‐Rivas Cristina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA comparative study of the in vitro bioaccesibility of ω‐3‐oils (salmon oil, SO; tuna oil, TO; enriched‐ω‐3 oil as triacylglycerols (TAGs), ω‐3‐TAG; and enriched‐ω‐3 oil as ethyl esters (EEs), ω‐3‐EE) was performed after treatment with pancreatin (pancreatic lipase as major lipolytic enzyme) at pH 7.5. Aliquots were taken at different times of digestion for analyzing the evolution of lipid products. The micellar phase (MP) formed at 120 min of digestion was isolated, its total lipid content was extracted and its composition in lipid products was analyzed. The rate of hydrolysis of ω‐3‐TAG concentrates was continuous throughout the time of reaction (51% hydrolysis of TAGs at 120 min), whereas the digestion of SO and TO was initially faster but stopped after 10 min of reaction (35 and 38% hydrolysis of TAGs at 120 min of SO and TO, respectively). A poor hydrolysis of EEs took place for the ω‐3‐EE oil (around 7% hydrolysis of EEs at 120 min). The MP of ω‐3‐TAG oil, SO, and TO mainly consisted of free fatty acids (FFAs) and MAGs. The MP from digested ω‐3‐EE oil consisted of FFAs and undigested EEs. Therefore, the highest degree of hydrolysis and inclusion of lipid products in the micellar structure was found for the ω‐3‐TAG oil, but compared to fish oils long times of digestion were required. This experience also shows for the first time the MP composition from ω‐3‐concentrates in the form of EEs.Practical applications: Commercial ω‐3 sources can be found as purified fish oil or concentrates in the form of TAGs, FFAs, and EEs. Despite differences exist regarding their intestinal metabolism, there is lack of information about the specific composition in lipolytic products of the absorbable fraction (MP) from ω‐3‐TAG or ω‐3‐EE concentrates. This comparative study showed that (i) the in vitro bioaccesibility of ω‐3‐polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) seems to be better as ω‐3‐TAG concentrates than purified fish oils, but after long times of digestion; and (ii) the in vitro hydrolysis of ω‐3‐PUFA as EEs seems to be poor, at least after the activity of the major lipolytic enzyme of pancreatin, namely pancreatic lipase. Furthermore, the inclusion of EEs within micellar structures seems to be limited. These results contribute to the knowledge of the intestinal lipolysis of ω‐3 sources by showing the composition of the MP on lipid products for the first time.
Facile Synthesis of Dihydroquinoline‐Fused Canthines by Intramolecular Aza‐Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Hutait Samiran , Singh Virender , Batra Sanjay 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of dihydroquinoline‐fused canthines by intramolecular aza‐Diels–Alder reaction between N‐prenylated 1‐formyl‐9H‐β‐carbolines and substituted anilines in the presence of a Lewis acid, followed by oxidation, is described. Additionally, it has been found that the N‐protected aldehyde in the presence of a suitable catalyst [ZnBr2 or Yb(OTf)3] undergoes intramolecular carbonyl–ene reaction in a diastereoselective fashion to afford the syn or anti isomer of a new canthine derivative.
DNA‐dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit mediates T‐cell loss in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Shao Lan , Goronzy Jörg J. , Weyand Cornelia M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the autoimmune syndrome rheumatoid arthritis (RA), T cells and T‐cell precursors have age‐inappropriate shortening of telomeres and accumulate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double strand breaks. Whether damaged DNA elicits DNA repair activity and how this affects T‐cell function and survival is unknown. Here, we report that naïve and resting T cells from RA patients are susceptible to undergo apoptosis. In such T cells, unrepaired DNA stimulates a p53‐ataxia telangiectasia mutated‐independent pathway involving the non‐homologous‐end‐joining protein DNA‐protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA‐PKcs). Upregulation of DNA‐PKcs transcription, protein expression and phosphorylation in RA T cells co‐occurs with diminished expression of the Ku70/80 heterodimer, limiting DNA repair capacity. Inhibition of DNA‐PKcs kinase activity or gene silencing of DNA‐PKcs protects RA T cells from apoptosis. DNA‐PKcs induces T‐cell death by activating the JNK pathway and upregulating the apoptogenic BH3‐only proteins Bim and Bmf. In essence, in RA, the DNA‐PKcs‐JNK‐Bim/Bmf axis transmits genotoxic stress into shortened survival of naïve resting T cells, imposing chronic proliferative turnover of the immune system and premature immunosenescence. Therapeutic blockade of the DNA‐PK‐dependent cell‐death machinery may rejuvenate the immune system in RA.
Numerical study on the effects of floodplain vegetation on river planform style
Authors: Crosato Alessandra , Saleh May Samir 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe effects of floodplain vegetation on river planform have been investigated for a medium‐sized river using a 2D morphodynamic model with submodels for flow resistance and plant colonization. The flow resistance was divided into a resistance exerted by the soil and a resistance exerted by the plants. In this way it was possible to reproduce both the decrease in bed shear stress, reducing the sediment transport capacity of the flow within the plants, and the increase in hydraulic resistance, reducing the flow velocities. Colonization by plants was obtained by instantaneously assigning vegetation to the areas that became dry at low water stages. This colonization presents a step forward in the modelling of bank accretion. Bank erosion was related to bed degradation at adjacent wet cells. Bank advance and retreat were reproduced as drying and wetting of the computational cells at the channel margins. The model was applied to a hypothetical case with the same characteristics as the Allier River (France). The river was allowed to develop its own geometry starting from a straight, uniform, channel. Different vegetation densities produced different planforms. With bare floodplains, the river always developed a braided planform, even if the discharge was constant and below bankfull. With the highest vegetation density (grass) the flow concentrated in a single channel and formed incipient meanders. Lower vegetation density (pioneer vegetation) led to a transitional planform, with a low degree of braiding and distinguishable incipient meanders. The results comply with flume experiments and field observations reported in the literature.
Numerical studies of the fingering phenomena for the thin film equation
Authors: Li Yibao , Lee Hyun Geun , Yoon Daeki , Hwang Woonjae , Shin Suyeon , Ha Youngsoo , Kim Junseok 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe present a new interpretation of the fingering phenomena of the thin liquid film layer through numerical investigations. The governing partial differential equation is ht + (h2−h3)x = −∇·(h3∇Δh), which arises in the context of thin liquid films driven by a thermal gradient with a counteracting gravitational force, where h = h(x, y, t) is the liquid film height. A robust and accurate finite difference method is developed for the thin liquid film equation. For the advection part (h2−h3)x, we use an implicit essentially non‐oscillatory (ENO)‐type scheme and get a good stability property. For the diffusion part −∇·(h3∇Δh), we use an implicit Euler's method. The resulting nonlinear discrete system is solved by an efficient nonlinear multigrid method. Numerical experiments indicate that higher the film thickness, the faster the film front evolves. The concave front has higher film thickness than the convex front. Therefore, the concave front has higher speed than the convex front and this leads to the fingering phenomena. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of heat and mass transfer on peristaltic flow of Williamson fluid in a non‐uniform channel with slip conditions
Authors: Hayat T. , Hina S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe combined influence of heat and mass transfer has been explored in a study of peristaltic transport of magnetohydrodynamic Williamson fluid in a non‐uniform channel with flexible walls. The slip conditions are paid due attention and long wavelength and small Reynolds number assumptions are adopted in the problem formulation. The obtained results are valid for small Weissenberg number. A detailed study of involved key parameters in the obtained solutions is made by the sketched graphs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microglia in the degenerating brain are capable of phagocytosis of beads and of apoptotic cells, but do not efficiently remove PrPSc, even upon LPS stimulation
Authors: Hughes Martina M. , Field Robert H. , Perry V. Hugh , Murray Carol L. , Cunningham Colm 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDespite the phagocytic machinery available to microglia the aberrant amyloid proteins produced during Alzheimer's and prion disease, amyloid‐β and PrPSc, are inefficiently cleared. We have shown that microglia in the ME7 model of prion disease show morphological evidence of activation, synthesize low levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and are primed to produce exaggerated responses to subsequent inflammatory challenges. Whether these microglia engage in significant phagocytic activity in the disease per se, or upon subsequent inflammatory challenge is not clear. In the present study we show transcriptional activation of a large number of scavenger receptors (SRs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), oxidative enzymes, and cathepsins in ME7 animals. Hippocampally‐injected inert latex beads (6 μm) are efficiently phagocytosed by microglia of ME7 prion‐diseased animals, but not by microglia in normal animals. Stimulation of ME7 animals with systemic bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) induced further increases in SR‐A2, MMP3, and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) but decreased, or did not alter, transcription of most phagocytosis‐related genes examined and did not enhance clearance of deposited PrPSc. Furthermore, intracerebral injection with LPS (0.5 μg) induced marked microglial production of IL‐1β, robust cellular infiltration and marked apoptosis but also did not induce further clearance of PrPSc. These data indicate that microglia in the prion‐diseased brain are capable of phagocytosis per se, but show limited efficacy in removing PrPSc even upon marked escalation of CNS inflammation. Furthermore, microglia/macrophages remain IL‐1β‐negative during phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. The data demonstrate that phagocytic activity and pro‐inflammatory microglial phenotype do not necessarily correlate. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The MAP3K TAK1: A Chock Block to Liver Cancer Formation
Authors: Malato Yann , Willenbring Holger 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a MAP3K family member that activates NF-κB and JNK via Toll-like receptors and the receptors for IL-1, TNF-α, and TGF-β. Because the TAK1 downstream molecules NF-κB and JNK have opposite effects on cell death and carcinogenesis, the role of TAK1 in the liver is unpredictable. To address this issue, we generated hepatocyte-specific

Tak1

-deficient (

Tak1ΔHEP

) mice. The

Tak1ΔHEP

mice displayed spontaneous hepatocyte death, compensatory proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and perisinusoidal fibrosis at age 1 month. Older

Tak1ΔHEP

mice developed multiple cancer nodules characterized by increased expression of fetal liver genes including α-fetoprotein. Cultures of primary hepatocytes deficient in

Tak1

exhibited spontaneous cell death that was further increased in response to TNF-α. TNF-α increased caspase-3 activity but activated neither NF-κB nor JNK in

Tak1

-deficient hepatocytes. Genetic abrogation of TNF receptor type I (TNFRI) in

Tak1ΔHEP

mice reduced liver damage, inflammation, and fibrosis compared with unmodified

Tak1ΔHEP

mice. In conclusion, hepatocyte-specific deletion of TAK1 in mice resulted in spontaneous hepatocyte death, inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis that was partially mediated by TNFR signaling, indicating that TAK1 is an essential component for cellular homeostasis in the liver.

Abstract

The MAP3-kinase TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) critically modulates innate and adaptive immune responses and connects cytokine stimulation with activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. Here, we report that conditional ablation of TAK1 in liver parenchymal cells (hepatocytes and cholangiocytes) causes hepatocyte dysplasia and early-onset hepatocarcinogenesis, coinciding with biliary ductopenia and cholestasis. TAK1-mediated cancer suppression is exerted through activating NF-κB in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and through preventing Caspase-3-dependent hepatocyte and cholangiocyte apoptosis. Moreover, TAK1 suppresses a procarcinogenic and pronecrotic pathway, which depends on NF-κB-independent functions of the IκB-kinase (IKK)-subunit NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO). Therefore, TAK1 serves as a gatekeeper for a protumorigenic, NF-κB-independent function of NEMO in parenchymal liver cells.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk by histologic type in central China: Impact of smoking, alcohol and family history
Authors: Ji Xuemei , Zhang Weidong , Xie Conghua , Wang Bicheng , Zhang Gong , Zhou Fuxiang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe role of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, family history of cancer and the interaction of cigarettes and family history in the etiology of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in general and within each histologic type are unclear. We conducted a case‐control study among 1,044 Han Chinese patients with NPC and 1,095 Han Chinese cancer‐free control subjects. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between histologic type of NPC and cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and family history. The results indicated that NPC was significantly associated with cigarette smoking [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.97, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.38–3.70], and the association exhibited a dose‐response relationship for intensity, duration, and cumulative consumption of cigarettes (ptrend < 0.0001 for intensity, duration and cumulative consumption of cigarettes). Positive family history of cancer led to a significant 12‐fold elevated risk of NPC (adjusted OR = 12.95, 95% CI, 7.12–23.54) and acted jointly with cigarettes in contributing to NPC risk (adjusted OR = 56.68, 95% CI, 17.25–186.19). The association of NPC risk with cigarettes was stronger for nonkeratinizing carcinoma than for keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (KSCC), whereas family history was more closely associated with KSCC. NPC risk was not associated with alcohol consumption. Our study demonstrated that cigarette smoking and family history of cancer could serve independently and jointly as risk factors for etiology of NPC and might affect the risk of histology‐specific NPC differently. This knowledge may help facilitate comprehension of NPC etiology in general as well as within each histologic type, and thereby improve prevention efforts.
Mesenchymal stromal cells from primary osteosarcoma are non‐malignant and strikingly similar to their bone marrow counterparts
Authors: Brune Jan C. , Tormin Ariane , Johansson Maria C. , Rissler Pehr , Brosjö Otte , Löfvenberg Richard , von Steyern Fredrik Vult , Mertens Fredrik , Rydholm Anders , Scheding Stefan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are multipotent cells that can be isolated from a number of human tissues. In cancer, MSC have been implicated with tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance and were even suggested as possible tumor‐initiating cells in osteosarcoma (OS). However, MSC from OS and their possible tumor origin have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, primary OS mesenchymal progenitors and OS‐derived MSC were studied. OS samples contained very high frequencies of mesenchymal progenitor cells as measured by the colony‐forming unit fibroblast (CFU‐F) assay (median: 1,117 colonies per 105cells, range: 133–3,000,n= 6). This is considerably higher compared to other human tissues such as normal bone marrow (BM) (1.3 ± 0.2 colonies per 105cells,n= 8). OS‐derived MSC (OS‐MSC) showed normal MSC morphology and expressed the typical MSC surface marker profile (CD105/CD73/CD90/CD44/HLA‐classI/CD166 positive, CD45/CD34/CD14/CD19/HLA‐DR/CD31 negative). Furthermore, all OS‐MSC samples could be differentiated into the osteogenic lineage, and all but one sample into adipocytes and chondrocytes. Genetic analysis of OS‐MSC as well as OS‐derived spheres showed no tumor‐related chromosomal aberrations. OS‐MSC expression of markers related to tumor‐associated fibroblasts (fibroblast surface protein, alpha‐smooth muscle actin, vimentin) was comparable to BM‐MSC and OS‐MSC growth was considerably affected by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Taken together, our results demonstrate that normal, non‐malignant mesenchymal stroma cells are isolated from OS when MSC culture techniques are applied. OS‐MSC represent a major constituent of the tumor microenvironment, and they share many properties with BM‐derived MSC.
The plasmacytoid carcinoma of the bladder—rare variant of aggressive urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Keck Bastian , Stoehr Robert , Wach Sven , Rogler Anja , Hofstaedter Ferdinand , Lehmann Jan , Montironi Rodolfo , Sibonye Mathilde , Fritsche Hans M. , Lopez‐Beltran Antonio , Epstein Jonathan I. , Wullich Bernd , Hartmann Arndt 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe WHO 2004 classification defines new histological and molecular variants of urothelial carcinoma. However, there are limited data available on the clinicopathological characteristics or prognosis of these variants. We present histopathological, molecular and clinical data of 32 plasmacytoid carcinomas of the bladder (PUC) showing that PUC is a high‐grade tumor with molecular features of aggressive urothelial carcinoma, usually diagnosed in advanced pathological stage (64% pT3, 23% pT4) showing metastases in 60% of the patients. Average survival of our cohort of PUC treated with radical cystectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy was lower than what is typically seen for comparable conventional urothelial carcinomas. Eighty‐seven percent of the PUCs showed a negative or strongly reduced membranous staining of E‐cadherin. β‐Catenin staining was negative in 22.5%, and 16.7% of the remaining tumors showed nuclear accumulation. Aberrant CK20 expression (negative or >10% of cells stained) and negative CK7 staining was found in 100% and 22.6%, respectively. Ninety‐seven percent revealed positive staining for PAN‐CK. CD138 was positive in 78%, whereas MUM‐1 expression was negative in all cases. Multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization showed all PUCs to be highly aneuploid and polysomic. Deletions on chromosome 9p21 seem to play an important role in this variant. FGFR3 and PIK3CA mutation analyses yielded no mutations in any of the PUCs analyzed. TP53 mutation analysis showed mutations in 29%. In summary, PUC is an aggressive variant of bladder cancer with molecular features of advanced bladder cancer and evidence of WNT pathway activation in some of the cases.