bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaginoscopic approach to outpatient hysteroscopy: a systematic review of the effect on pain
Authors: Cooper NAM , Smith P , Khan KS , Clark TJ 
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Cooper N, Smith P, Khan K, Clark T. Vaginoscopic approach to outpatient hysteroscopy: a systematic review of the effect on pain. BJOG 2010;117:532–539.Background  Vaginoscopy, also known as the ‘no‐touch’ technique, is an alternative method for performing hysteroscopy without the need for a vaginal speculum to view the cervix or cervical instrumentation to grasp and steady the cervix.Objective  To examine the effect of a vaginoscopic approach to outpatient hysteroscopy on the patients’ experience of pain, compared with a traditional approach using a vaginal speculum.Search strategy  MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles. No filters or restrictions were placed on the searches.Selection criteria  Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that assess pain when comparing the vaginoscopic technique versus a traditional hysteroscopy in the outpatient setting.Data collection and analysis  Two reviewers independently selected trials. Data were abstracted on quality, characteristics and results. Meta‐analyses were performed using the random‐effects model to calculate the standardised mean difference (SMD).Main results  There were six trials (2851 participants). Data from four of these were meta‐analysed, and we found that the use of the vaginoscopic approach to hysteroscopy was less painful than using the traditional technique (SMD −0.44, 95% CI from −0.65 to −0.22, I2 = 58%). There was no significant difference in the number of failed procedures between groups (P = 0.38).Author’s conclusions  The vaginoscopic approach to outpatient hysteroscopy is successful and significantly reduces the pain experienced by patients during the procedure, compared with traditional techniques using a vaginal speculum. Vaginoscopy should become standard practice for endoscopic instrumentation of the uterine cavity in the outpatient setting.
Immigrants’ duration of residence and adverse birth outcomes: a population‐based study
Authors: Urquia ML , Frank JW , Moineddin R , Glazier RH 
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Urquia M, Frank J, Moineddin R, Glazier R. Immigrants’ duration of residence and adverse birth outcomes: a population‐based study. BJOG 2010;117:591–601.Objective  This study aimed to examine preterm and small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) births among immigrants, by duration of residence, and to compare them with the Canadian‐born population.Design  Population‐based cross‐sectional study with retrospective assessment of immigration.Setting  Metropolitan areas of Ontario, Canada.Population  A total of 83 233 singleton newborns born to immigrant mothers and 314 237 newborns born to non‐immigrant mothers.Methods  We linked a database of immigrants acquiring permanent residence in Ontario, Canada, in the period 1985–2000 with mother–infant hospital records (2002–2007). Duration of residence was measured as completed years from arrival to Canada to delivery/birth. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of duration of residence with adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. In analyses restricted to immigrants only, hierarchical models were used to account for the clustering of births into maternal countries of birth.Main outcome measures  Preterm birth (PTB) and SGA birth.Results  Recent immigrants (<5 years) had a lower risk of PTB (4.7%) than non‐immigrants (6.2%), but those with ≥15 years of stay were at higher risk (7.4%). Among immigrants, a 5‐year increase in Canadian residence was associated with an increase in PTB (AOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.10–1.19), but not in SGA birth (AOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.96–1.02).Conclusions  Time since migration was associated with increases in the risk of PTB, but was not associated with an increase in SGA births. Ignoring duration of residence may mask important disparities in preterm delivery between immigrants and non‐immigrants, and between immigrant subgroups categorised by their duration of residence.
Uterine blood flow in pregnant patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationships with clinical outcomes
Authors: Palomba S , Falbo A , Russo T , Battista L , Tolino A , Orio F , Zullo F 
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Palomba S, Falbo A, Russo T, Battista L, Tolino A, Orio F, Zullo F. Uterine blood flow in pregnant patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationships with clinical outcomes. BJOG 2010; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2010.02525.x.Objective  To study the impedance to blood flow through the uterine artery in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and to evaluate its predictive value for adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in this population.Design  Prospective case‐control study.Setting  Academic Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Italy.Population  Seventy‐three pregnant women with ovulatory PCOS (PCOS group) and 73 age‐ and body mass index‐matched healthy pregnant controls (control group).Methods  Serial Doppler velocimetry measurements of the uterine artery.Main outcome measures  Blood flow impedance indices and pregnancy/perinatal outcomes.Results  A significantly (P < 0.05) higher rate of subjects with abnormal velocimetry findings was observed in the PCOS group than in the control group. In the PCOS group, the pulsatility index (PI) at first (P = 0.042) and mid‐second (P = 0.039) trimesters of pregnancy, and bilateral notch at first (P = 0.025) and mid‐second (P = 0.007) trimesters of pregnancy, were the strongest independent predictors of adverse outcomes. Conversely, in the control group, PI at the first trimester of pregnancy was a predictor of adverse outcomes only when combined with bilateral notch (P = 0.042), whereas at mid‐second trimester of pregnancy PI (P = 0.033) and bilateral notch (P = 0.048) were independent predictors of adverse outcomes.Conclusions  Uterine artery Doppler indices are more commonly altered in pregnant patients with PCOS than in controls, showing a high predictive value for abnormal pregnancy/perinatal outcomes.
Association study of four key folliculogenesis genes in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Sproul K , Jones MR , Mathur R , Azziz R , Goodarzi MO 
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Sproul K, Jones M, Mathur R, Azziz R, Goodarzi M. Association study of four key folliculogenesis genes in polycystic ovary syndrome. BJOG 2010; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2010.02527.x.Polycystic ovaries and impaired fertility are the result of abnormal folliculogenesis. Our objective was to determine the role of four candidate folliculogenesis genes in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women with and without PCOS (335 cases; 198 controls) were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms in GDF9, BMP15, AMH, and AMHR2. Variants in these genes were not associated with PCOS. Certain GDF9 variants were associated with hirsutism scores and parity in PCOS patients. GDF9 may thus serve as a modifier gene. These results suggest that inherited defects in folliculogenesis are not major factors in the genetic susceptibility to PCOS.
Trends in incidence and mortality for triplets in Norway 1967–2006: the influence of assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Tandberg A , Bjørge T , Nygård O , Børdahl PE , Skjaerven R 
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Tandberg A, Bjørge T, Nygård O, Børdahl P, Skjaerven R. Trends in incidence and mortality for triplets in Norway 1967–2006: the influence of assisted reproductive technologies. BJOG 2010; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2010.02530.x.Objective  To assess changes in incidence rates and outcomes of triplets over 40 years with a particular focus on the influence of assisted reproductive technology (ART).Design  Population‐based cohort study.Setting  The Medical Birth Registry of Norway.Population  2.18 million pregnancies, including 448 sets of triplets and 27 575 twin pairs, covering the years 1967–2006. Since 1988, pregnancies from ART have been available through a separate registry and linked with the birth record.Methods  Incidence rates and outcomes for triplets were analysed and compared with those for singletons and twins. Relative risks were estimated between time periods and between ART and non‐ART pregnancies.Main outcome measures  Incidence rates, birthweight, gestational age and perinatal mortality.Results  The total triplet rate per 10 000 pregnancies increased from 1.0 during 1967–71 to 3.5 during 1987–92, followed by a decline to 2.7 during 2002–06. After excluding ART pregnancies, the incidence was more than doubled at the end of the study period. The mean gestational age and birthweight of triplets were significantly lower during 1988–2006 than 1967–87, but similar for ART and non‐ART triplets in the last period. The caesarean rate in triplets increased from 47 to 92%. The relative risk of perinatal death in triplets relative to singletons did not change after the introduction of ART [before: relative risk, 8.9 (95% confidence interval, 6.8–11.7); after: relative risk, 10.4 (95% confidence interval, 8.3–13.0)].Conclusions  The triplet incidence rate in Norway has more than doubled during the last 40 years, even after excluding ART pregnancies. The risk of perinatal death in triplets is ten times higher relative to singletons and has not changed during this 40‐year period, independent of the introduction of ART.
Elevated levels of decidual insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 in cervical fluid in early and mid‐pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery
Authors: Rahkonen L , Rutanen E‐M , Nuutila M , Sainio S , Saisto T , Paavonen J 
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Rahkonen L, Rutanen E‐M, Nuutila M, Sainio S, Saisto T, Paavonen J. Elevated levels of decidual insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 in cervical fluid in early and mid‐pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. BJOG 2010;117:701–710.Objective  To study whether elevated levels of decidual insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 (IGFBP‐1) in the cervical fluid of unselected asymptomatic women in early or mid‐pregnancy are associated with spontaneous preterm delivery (PTD).Design  Prospective population‐based cohort study.Setting  Maternity Clinics, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.Population  A total of 5180 unselected pregnant women.Methods  Cervical swab samples were collected during the first and second trimester ultrasound screening. The concentration of IGFBP‐1 was measured by immunoenzymometric assay, which detects the decidual phosphoisoforms of IGFBP‐1 (phIGFBP‐1). Concentrations of 10 micrograms/l or more were considered to be elevated.Main outcome measure  Spontaneous PTD.Results  In the first trimester, 24.5% of women, and in the mid‐second trimester, 20.2% of women, had an elevated cervical fluid phIGFBP‐1 level. The rates of spontaneous PTD before 32 and before 37 weeks of gestation were higher in women with an elevated cervical fluid phIGFBP‐1 level, compared with women who had cervical phIGFBP‐1 of <10 micrograms/l (1.1% versus 0.3% and 5.7% versus 3.2%, respectively). An elevated phIGFBP‐1 level in the first trimester was an independent predictor for PTD before 32 and before 37 weeks of gestation, with odds ratios of 3.0 (95% CI 1.3–7.0) and 1.6 (95% CI 1.2–2.3), respectively. Cervical phIGFBP‐1 levels of 10 micrograms/l or more in the first trimester predicted PTD before 32 and before 37 weeks of gestation, with sensitivities of 53.8% and 37.0%, respectively. The negative predictive values were 99.7% and 96.8%.Conclusions  Elevated cervical fluid phIGFBP‐1 levels in the first trimester were associated with an increased risk of spontaneous PTD.
2,2′,4′‐Trihydroxychalcone from Glycyrrhiza glabra as a new specific BACE1 inhibitor efficiently ameliorates memory impairment in mice
Authors: Zhu Zhiyuan , Li Chenjing , Wang Xu , Yang Zhengyi , Chen Jing , Hu Lihong , Jiang Hualiang , Shen Xu 
Published: April 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 374–385.AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) characterizes a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain, while AD patients are afflicted with irreversible loss of neurons and further the intellectual abilities including memory and reasoning. One of the typical hallmarks of AD is the deposition of senile plaque that is contributed mainly by amyloid‐β (Aβ), whose production is initiated by beta‐site amyloid precursor protein (APP)‐cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). Inhibition of BACE1 is thereby regarded as an attractive strategy for anti‐AD drug discovery. Here, we reported that the natural product 2,2′,4′‐trihydroxychalcone (TDC) from Glycyrrhiza glabra functioned as a specific non‐competitive inhibitor against BACE1 enzyme, and potently repressed β‐cleavage of APP and production of Aβ in human embryo kidney cells‐APPswe cells. Moreover, the amelioration ability of this compound against the in vivo memory impairment was further evaluated by APP‐PS1 double transgenic mice model. It is discovered that treatment of 9 mg/kg/day of TDC could obviously decrease Aβ production and Aβ plaque formation, while efficiently improve the memory impairment based on Morris water maze test. Our findings thus demonstrated that the natural product TDC as a new BACE1 inhibitor could ameliorate memory impairment in mice, and is expected to be potentially used as a lead compound for further anti‐AD reagent development.
GABAAreceptor subunit alteration‐dependent diazepam insensitivity in the cerebellum of phospholipase C‐related inactive protein knockout mice
Authors: Mizokami Akiko , Tanaka Hiroto , Ishibashi Hitoshi , Umebayashi Hisanori , Fukami Kiyoko , Takenawa Tadaomi , Nakayama Keiichi I. , Yokoyama Takeshi , Nabekura Junichi , Kanematsu Takashi , Hirata Masato 
Published: April 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)114, 302–310.AbstractThe GABAAreceptor, a pentamer composed predominantly of α, β, and γ subunits, mediates fast inhibitory synaptic transmission. We have previously reported that phospholipase C‐related inactive protein (PRIP) is a modulator of GABAAreceptor trafficking and that knockout (KO) mice exhibit a diazepam‐insensitive phenotype in the hippocampus. The α subunit affects diazepam sensitivity; α1, 2, 3, and 5 subunits assemble with any form of β and the γ2 subunits to produce diazepam‐sensitive receptors, whereas α4 or α6/β/γ2 receptors are diazepam‐insensitive. Here, we investigated how PRIP is implicated in the diazepam‐insensitive phenotype using cerebellar granule cells in animals expressing predominantly the α6 subunit. The expression of α1/β/γ2 diazepam‐sensitive receptors was decreased in the PRIP‐1 and 2 double KO cerebellum without any change in the total number of benzodiazepine‐binding sites as assessed by radioligand‐binding assay. Since levels of the α6 subunit were increased, the α1/β/γ2 receptors might be replaced with α6 subunit‐containing receptors. Then, we further performed autoradiographic and electrophysiologic analyses. These results suggest that the expression of α6/δ receptors was decreased in cerebellar granule neurons, while that of α6/γ2 receptors was increased. PRIP‐1 and 2 double KO mice exhibit a diazepam‐insensitive phenotype because of a decrease in diazepam‐sensitive (α1/γ2) and increase in diazepam‐insensitive (α6/γ2) GABAAreceptors in the cerebellar granule cells.
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) regulate noxious stimulus‐induced glutamate release in the spinal cord dorsal horn of rats with neuropathic and inflammatory pain
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Laferriere Andre , Yu Jonathan S. C. , Poon Tanya , Coderre Terence J. 
Published: April 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 281–290.AbstractIn rats with persistent pain, spinal group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activity has been shown to be pronociceptive, whereas spinal group II/III activity is anti‐nociceptive. In brain, group I mGluR activity produces positive feedback effects on glutamate release, whereas group II/III activity produces negative feedback effects. It is unknown whether the nociceptive versus anti‐nociceptive effects of spinal group I versus group II/III mGluR activity depend on differential regulation of spinal glutamate release. Here, we used behavioral nociceptive testing and in vivo microdialysis to assess the effect of intrathecal treatment with group I mGluR antagonists [cyclopropan[b] chromen‐1a‐carboxylate, (CPCCOEt), 2‐methyl‐6‐(phenylethynyl) pyridine (MPEP)] or groups II [aminopyrrolidine‐2R,4R‐dicarboxylate (APDC)] and III [l‐2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyrate (l‐AP4)] mGluR agonists or vehicle, on nociception and noxious stimulus‐induced increases in glutamate release in the spinal cord dorsal horn of rats with a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve or hind paw injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). None of the treatments significantly influenced basal spinal glutamate concentrations in either CCI or CFA rats. In CCI rats, formalin‐induced nociception and increases in spinal glutamate concentrations were significantly attenuated by pre‐treatment with CPCCOEt, MPEP, APDC, or l‐AP4. In CFA rats, capsaicin‐induced increases in nociception and spinal glutamate concentrations were significantly attenuated by pre‐treatment with CPCCOEt, MPEP, or APDC, but not l‐AP4. This study demonstrates that group I antagonists and group II/III mGluR agonists attenuated the enhanced nociception and noxious stimulus‐induced glutamate release in spinal cord dorsal horn of CCI and/or CFA rats in vivo, and suggests a possible mechanism for their anti‐hyperalgesic effects.
Spatial and temporal variation of abundance, biomass and diversity within marine reserves in the Philippines
Authors: Anticamara Jonathan A. , Zeller Dirk , Vincent Amanda C. J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim  The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of protection duration (years of fishing closure) and location (distance from shore) on reef fish diversity.Location  Danajon Double Barrier Reef, Bohol, Philippines.Methods  Reef fish abundance and size structure, by species, were obtained monthly using replicated underwater visual belt transects (n = 8; 70 × 5‐m belt transects) over 3 years (2002–2005) at eight sites that included six marine reserves and two unprotected reef areas. We analysed species accumulation curves, diversity indices and abundance–biomass comparison (ABC) curves within and across the study sites to assess the influence of protection duration and location.Results  Analyses showed that longer protection duration impacted reef fish diversity at both inshore and offshore sites by shifting ABC curves from higher abundance than biomass curves at fished sites to higher biomass than abundance curves at most of the protected sites. Protection duration did not significantly influence either the rate of species accumulation within sites or the 12 diversity indices measured across the study sites. The offshore sites consistently showed higher rates of species accumulation and diversity indices values than inshore sites with similar protection duration. One protected offshore young marine reserve site that has been assessed as the least well‐managed showed patterns more consistent with the fished sites.Main conclusions  Analyses showed that protection duration mainly impacted diversity by increasing the dominance of large‐bodied species and enhancing total biomass. Besides protection duration, reserve location influenced species accumulation curves and diversity indices.
AF‐353, a novel, potent and orally bioavailable P2X3/P2X2/3 receptor antagonist
Authors: Gever Joel R , Soto Rothschild , Henningsen Robert A , Martin Renee S , Hackos David H , Panicker Sandip , Rubas Werner , Oglesby Ian B , Dillon Michael P , Milla Marcos E , Burnstock Geoffrey , Ford Anthony PDW 
Published: April 2010

Background and purpose: Purinoceptors containing the P2X3 subunit (P2X3 homotrimeric and P2X2/3 heterotrimeric) are members of the P2X family of ion channels gated by ATP and may participate in primary afferent sensitization in a variety of pain‐related diseases. The current work describes thein vitropharmacological characteristics of AF‐353, a novel, orally bioavailable, highly potent and selective P2X3/P2X2/3 receptor antagonist.Experimental approach: The antagonistic potencies (pIC50) of AF‐353 for rat and human P2X3 and human P2X2/3 receptors were determined using methods of radioligand binding, intracellular calcium flux and whole cell voltage‐clamp electrophysiology.Key results: The pIC50estimates for these receptors ranged from 7.3 to 8.5, while concentrations 300‐fold higher had little or no effect on other P2X channels or on an assortment of receptors, enzymes and transporter proteins. In contrast to A‐317491 and TNP‐ATP, competition binding and intracellular calcium flux experiments suggested that AF‐353 inhibits activation by ATP in a non‐competitive fashion. Favourable pharmacokinetic parameters were observed in rat, with good oral bioavailability (%F = 32.9), reasonable half‐life (t1/2 = 1.63 h) and plasma‐free fraction (98.2% protein bound).Conclusions and implications: The combination of a favourable pharmacokinetic profile with the antagonist potency and selectivity for P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors suggests that AF‐353 is an excellentin vivotool compound for study of these channels in animal models and demonstrates the feasibility of identifying and optimizing molecules into potential clinical candidates, and, ultimately, into a novel class of therapeutics for the treatment of pain‐related disorders.
Moving towards in situ tracheal regeneration: the bionic tissue engineered transplantation approach
Authors: Bader Augustinus , Macchiarini Paolo 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Rationales for tracheal transplantation
Historical background
Regenerative approach to tracheal replacement
Human tissue engineering tracheal replacement
‐ Mesenchymal stem cell derived chondrocytes
‐ Epithelial respiratory cells
Ongoing progress
Conclusions

In June 2008, the world’s first whole tissue‐engineered organ – the windpipe – was successfully transplanted into a 31‐year‐old lady, and about 18 months following surgery she is leading a near normal life without immunosuppression. This outcome has been achieved by employing three groundbreaking technologies of regenerative medicine: (i) a donor trachea first decellularized using a detergent (without denaturing the collagenous matrix), (ii) the two main autologous tracheal cells, namely mesenchymal stem cell derived cartilage‐like cells and epithelial respiratory cells and (iii) a specifically designed bioreactor that reseed, before implantation, the in vitro pre‐expanded and pre‐differentiated autologous cells on the desired surfaces of the decellularized matrix. Given the long‐term safety, efficacy and efforts using such a conventional approach and the potential advantages of regenerative implants to make them available for anyone, we have investigated a novel alternative concept how to fully avoid in vitro cell replication, expansion and differentiation, use the human native site as micro‐niche, potentiate the human body’s site‐specific response by adding boosting, permissive and recruitment impulses in full respect of sociological and regulatory prerequisites. This tissue‐engineered approach and ongoing research in airway transplantation is reviewed and presented here.