bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LIFE HISTORY AND IMMATURE STAGES OF THE PARASITOIDMICROPLITIS MEDIATOR(HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), REARED ON THE BERTHA ARMYWORMMAMESTRA CONFIGURATA(LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Arthur A.P. , Mason P.G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMicroplitis mediator(Haliday) is being considered for introduction into Saskatchewan to augment the biological control of the bertha armyworm,Mamestra configurataWalker. It was reared in the laboratory on larvae of the bertha armyworm. Notes on the life history and descriptions of the egg and three larval stages are given.
NEW AMERICAN GENERA OF LAUXANIIDAE, BASED ON SPECIES OF EARLIER AUTHORS, AND A NOTE ON LYCIELLA RORIDA (FALLÉN) IN NORTH AMERICA (DIPTERA)
Authors: Shewell G. E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNew genera Hirtodeceia, Marmarodeceia, Oncodometopus, Pachyopella, Poecilolycia, Trisapromyza, and Xeniconeura are described. The first two are exclusively Neotropical; the others occur also in the Nearctic Region. Relationships with other genera are discussed, and included species are listed. Homoneura (Euhomoneura) pictipennis Hendel is a preoccupied name, and the species is renamed and assigned to Marmarodeceia. Lyciella Collin is discussed, and L. rorida (Fallén) is recorded for the first time in North America.
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF THE INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR DIFLUBENZURON AGAINST BLACK FLY (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) LARVAE AND ITS EFFECTS ON NONTARGET STREAM INVERTEBRATES
Authors: Rodrigues C.S. , Kaushik N.K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn laboratory tests conducted under simulated stream conditions treatment with the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron at 1.0 mg/L/30 min at 15°C resulted in 100% mortality of Simulium larvae after 10 days. At 0.5 mg/L/15 min there was 97.6% mortality of S. vittatum larvae after 18 days in water at 10.5°C. Diflubenzuron was less effective when the growth rate of simuliid larvae during the test was slow due to inadequate nutrition, and it was more effective at 25 than at 20°C, but there was no difference in efficacy between 10 and 20°C. Efficacy against simuliid larvae varied inversely with their instar. Diflubenzuron at 1.0 mg/L/30 min was tested in the laboratory against selected nontarget invertebrates. Among the Ephemeroptera tested at 15°C, Baetis pygmaeus, Leptophlebia sp., and Isonychia sp. proved susceptible but not Stenonema fuscum and Ephemerella subvaria. Similarly diflubenzuron had little effect on the perlid stonefly Paragnetina media at 15°C and on the filter-feeding caddisfly Hydropsyche betteni at 20°C. Chironomid larvae (Phaenopsectra sp.) tested at 20°C were affected and the amphipods Gammarus pseudolimnaeus and Hyalella azteca were particularly susceptible at 25 but not at 15°C.
RATES OF FEEDING, OVIPOSITION, DEVELOPMENT, AND SURVIVAL OF LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (BURGESS) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) ON SEVERAL WEEDS
Authors: Smith Robert F. , Hardman J.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn free-choice trials with Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), a serious greenhouse pest, and 16 species of weeds commonly found near greenhouses in Nova Scotia, the leafminer produced feeding punctures and mines in every weed tested. There were wide variations in mean numbers of punctures per plant and larval mines per plant and less pronounced variations in the mean ratios of punctures to mines. In single-host trials, development time and survival of larval and pupal L. trifolii were determined on 10 of these weeds and on Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. White Marble. Pupal survival with all weeds was as high or higher than with chrysanthemum and larval survival was as high or higher than with chrysanthemum in 6 of the 10 weeds. Time from oviposition to adult emergence was as short as that on chrysanthemum on two weeds and shorter on six others. Only creeping Charlie, Glechoma hederacea, was an unsuitable host with no larvae developing to the pupal stage. The ability of L. trifolii to use common weeds as alternate hosts indicates that weed control in and around greenhouses should be included in any program to protect greenhouse chrysanthemums from this leafminer.
EFFICACY OF SELECTED INSECTICIDES AGAINST LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (BURGESS) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE), A LEAFMINER OF CHRYSANTHEMUM
Authors: Smith Robert F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCyromazine was effective in controlling Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) larvae within chrysanthemum leaves. Ovipositor puncturing was not deterred by this larvicide. Adult emergence was inhibited when 3rd-instar larvae were exposed to cyromazine. Reduced dosages of 0.003, 0.030, and 0.300 g AI/L did not inhibit initiation of mines, but at the highest rate caused significant mortality. Diflubenzuron reduced L. trifolii ovipositor punctures but did not cause larval mortality. Methomyl applied at 0.5 mL/L gave significant control of larvae. Neither larvicide proved phytotoxic to a range of cultivars tested in a commercial greenhouse. Aldicarb applied to the soil at rates ranging from 28.8 to 575.0 g AI/100 m2 was found effective against L. trifolii larvae but severe phytotoxicity resulted from single applications at the two highest rates. Ovipositor punctures were not reduced as treatment rates increased, but oviposition tended to diminish in response to dosage. Complete leafminer control from a single application would require a highly phytotoxic dosage.
THE USE OF PHEROMONE AND BARRIER TRAPS TO MONITOR SAN JOSE SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) PHENOLOGY IN THE OKANAGAN VALLEY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Angerilli N.P.D. , Logan D.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractComparisons of three isomers of the San Jose scale [Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)] pheromone showed that SJS3 was slightly more attractive than SJS1 or SJS2. Pheromone-baited traps were compared with sticky barrier traps for the detection and monitoring of male emergence activity and each trap type produced a different activity pattern relative to both calendar days and accumulated degree-days (DD). San Jose scale phenology varied between geographic areas of the Okanagan Valley when compared by using DD accumulations above either 7.2 or 10.5°C and suggests a trend towards decreasing DD requirements as the insect’s distribution moves north.
ALDICARB ON GREENHOUSE CHRYSANTHEMUMS IN ONTARIO: EFFICACY FOR CONTROL OF LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (BURGESS) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) AND RESIDUES IN FOLIAGE
Authors: Broadbent A.B. , Chiba M. , McGarvey B.D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn two field tests, larvae of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) were not controlled by aldicarb (Temik 10G) at three times the recommended rate when applied to soil, dry foliage, or wet foliage of chrysanthemums (cv. White Marble) in Ontario. A second treatment of aldicarb 3 weeks after the first did not prevent the increase in leafmining. Assessment of the top 10 leaves at harvest showed no significant differences in numbers of mines greater than 2 cm between check and treated plots. Residues of aldicarb and its degradation compounds, aldicarb sulfoxide and aldicarb sulfone, were detected by capillary gas chromatography with thermionic specific detection. Substantial residues (> 100 μg/g as total residues), particularly of aldicarb sulfoxide, were found within the 1st week after treatment, but dissipated rapidly in upper leaves by day 7 after the first aldicarb application. Lower leaves, however, maintained residue levels at a constant level for a 3-week period following the first and second applications. Residue levels on lower leaves were consistently higher after wet-foliage application of aldicarb than after soil application.
SAMPLING STATISTICS AND A SAMPLING SCHEME FOR THE TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE, TETRANYCHUS URTICAE (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE), ON STRAWBERRIES
Authors: Raworth D.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of samples of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, from 16 experimental populations on “Totem” strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa Duch., were examined to determine the index of dispersion, the variance–mean relationship, the distribution, and the relationship between the mean number of T. urticae/leaflet and the proportion of leaflets without T. urticae. The slope of the variance–mean relationship, 1.64 ± 0.0355(SE), did not differ between sample dates but the intercept decreased significantly (p < 0.01) from 2.56 ± 0.0969 before harvest to 1.76 ± 0.140 during harvest. At 0.0136 T. urticae/leaflet before harvest and 0.0644 T. urticae/leaflet during harvest, the variance equaled the mean, implying that at these densities the data followed the Poisson distribution. Above these densities the data were overdispersed, most samples conforming with the negative binomial distribution but some tending towards greater dispersion than the negative binomial. There was no common k for the negative binomial nor did the data fit the expectation for 1/k that was consistent with the variance–mean relationship. A distribution-free sampling scheme based on the sample mean and the proportion of leaflets without T. urticae () was developed. Tetranychus urticae density can be quickly determined in the field using the naked eye, by iteratively observing leaflets for the presence or absence of T. urticae and referring to a small table that gives both the mean density for a given and the number of leaflets required to obtain a specified standard error.
CORRELATION BETWEEN FLIGHT TRAP RESPONSE AND FOLIAR DENSITIES OF CITRUS BLACKFLY, ALEUROCANTHUS WOGLUMI (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE)
Authors: Summy K.R. , Gilstrap F.E. , Hart W.G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTranslucent fluorescent yellow flight traps were significantly more attractive to citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, than opaque yellow and clear traps. Significant correlations were obtained between trap catches of adult A. woglumi and foliar densities of adults and sedentary immature stages. The biological interpretation of such correlations and potential use of flight traps to monitor population trends of A. woglumi are discussed.
THECOLORADENSIS,XERAMPELINA,LAPPONICA, ANDTESQUORUMGROUPS OF THE GENUSPARDOSA(ARANEAE: LYCOSIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Dondale C.D. , Redner J.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper treats taxonomically 10 North American species of the genusPardosa. Thecoloradensisgroup contains only the three speciesPardosa metlakatlaEmerton, 1917,Pardosa coloradensisBanks, 1894, andPardosa ontariensisGertsch, 1933 (=Pardosa pristinaFox, 1937, new synonym). Thexerampelinagroup contains three Nearctic species, namely,Pardosa diuturnaFox, 1937,Pardosa xerampelina(Keyserling, 1877) (=Pardosops impavidulaRoewer, 1954, new synonym), andPardosa nordicolensChamberlin and Ivie, 1947. Thelapponicagroup comprises the Holarctic speciesPardosa lapponica(Thorell, 1872) (=Pardosa harperiBishop, 1949, new synonym) and the NearcticPardosa concinna(Thorell, 1877). Thetesquorumgroup is composed of the Holarctic speciesPardosa tesquorum(Odenwall, 1901) and the NearcticPardosa mulaikiGertsch, 1934.
CHANGES IN HEMOLYMPH PROTEINS IN RELATION TO DORMANCY OFBARBARA COLFAXIANAKFT. AND THE INFLUENCE OF ECDYSONE AND PRECOCENE ON THE PROTEIN COMPOSITION
Authors: Sahota T.S. , Peet F.G. , Thomson A.J. , Ibaraki A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHemolymph proteins of the Douglas-fir cone moth,Barbara colfaxiana(Kft.), in the year of pupation (year P) and the next year (year P + 1) were studied by visual examination and analysis of digitized images of isoelectric focussing patterns. Differences in these proteins between light and dark individuals in year P and P + 1 were not related to dormancy duration but reflected the extent of pharate-adult development. Hormone applications were more effective in changing hemolymph proteins of light insects than those of dark ones. Changes in the hemolymph proteins of light insects in year P + 1 were not very obvious by visual examination of gels but were readily detectable by digital image analysis and showed that development occurred in these insects through June-September leading to visible pigmentation differences observable in relation to dormancy commitments of these insects.
A SPECTRAL ZONE OF COLOR PREFERENCE FOR THE ONION FLY, DELIA ANTIQUA (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), WITH REFERENCE TO THE REFLECTIVE INTENSITY OF TRAPS
Authors: Vernon R.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIt was hypothesized that Delia antiqua (Meigen), the onion fly, would show high preference in the field for trap colors reflecting visible wavelengths between 400 and 480 nm at reflective intensities above 37%. This preferred spectral zone (PSZ) was tested in an onion field in 1984, using cardboard traps painted with 11 blue, violet, and green hues, and two PSZ reflecting colors of varying intensity. It was found that colors with peak reflective wavelengths occurring between 400 and 470 nm, at or above 30% reflectance intensity, were most preferred. Wavelength-specific reflectance intensity was shown for the first time under field conditions to influence the magnitude of color preference in the onion fly.
FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF THE CARPENTER ANT, CAMPONOTUS MODOC (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE), IN A GIANT SEQUOIA FOREST,
Authors: Tilles David A. , Wood David L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe proportion of large Camponotus modoc workers returning to the nest with solid food was significantly less than that of smaller workers. The average weight of ants collected at colonies of the aphid Cinara occidentalis was significantly less than the average weight of ants collected in the vicinity of the ant nest. These data and additional observations suggest that small ants are more likely to attend aphids and transport solid food than are large ants. Some large ants may specialize in honeydew transport. Markand-recapture studies showed that workers of Camponotus modoc returned to the same trunk trails and aphid colonies from which they had previously been removed. When relocated to either the base of the tree or to the nest entrance, some workers demonstrated a capacity to recognize the original aphid colony from among as many as eight other colonies in the same tree. Some ants were observed on the same aphid colony for long periods.
GENETIC SELECTION FOR AND EVALUATION OF NONDIAPAUSE LINES OF PREDATORY MIDGE,APHIDOLETES APHIDIMYZA(RONDANI) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)
Authors: Gilkeson Linda A. , Hill Stuart B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFour lines ofAphidoletes aphidimyza(Rond.) were selected for nondiapause (one for 50 generations) under L:D 8:16 and 21 ± 1°C. In three selected lines, diapause incidence dropped rapidly in the first four or five generations, with means of 3–11% thereafter. There was no clear response to selection in the fourth line. Neither morphology nor sex ratio was affected by nondiapause selection in any lines, nor was fecundity affected in the longest-reared line. Reciprocal crosses indicated that the diapause trait was dominant; the effect of relaxing selection pressure was a gradual increase in diapause incidence after eight generations. There was a correlation between increased diapause incidence and slower development in selected lines. Diapause larvae took longer to develop than nondiapause larvae from the same line. Selection for nondiapause under L:D 8:16 with fluctuating thermoperiods was unsuccessful.
SOLAR RADIATION REFLECTIVITY OFCICINDELA REPANDAANDAGONUM DECENTIS(COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Natto Christopher Van , Freitag Richard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractReflectivity of solar radiation was found to be greater for the diurnal tiger beetleCicindela repandaDéjean than for the nocturnal carabid beetleAgonum decentisSay. Elytra of both species reflected some ultraviolet radiation. The absolute intensity of reflections was not determined and it is not known whether amounts reflected were sufficient to imply any function of body coloration ofC.repanda.
THEATRATA,CUBANA,FERRUGINEA,MOESTA,MONTICOLA,SALTUARIA, ANDSOLITUDAGROUPS OF THE SPIDER GENUSPARDOSAIN NORTH AMERICA (ARANEAE: LYCOSIDAE)
Authors: Dondale C. D. , Redner J.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe North American representatives of seven species groups in the genusPardosaare reviewed and are found to have the following distribution: (1) theatratagroup, represented by the widespread nearctic speciesP.fuscula(Thorell), which may or may not be conspecific withP.atrata(Thorell) of the Palaearctic; (2) thecubanagroup, represented byP.cubanaBryant of the Caribbean area; (3) theferrugineagroup, represented byP.beringianasp.n. from Alaska and Yukon Territory; (4) themoestagroup, represented by the widespread nearcticP.moestaBanks; (5) themonticolagroup, represented by the holarcticP.palustris(Linnaeus); (6) thesaltuariagroup, represented by the holarcticP.hyperborea(Thorell) and the nearcticP.californicaKeyserling; (7) thesolitudagroup, represented by the nearcticP.solitudaLevi and Levi, found only in the high Rockies.
ENERGY ACQUISITION AND ALLOCATION IN PLANTS AND INSECTS: A HYPOTHESIS FOR THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF HORMONES IN INSECT FEEDING PATTERNS
Authors: Gutierrez A.P. , Schulthess F. , Wilson L.T. , Villacorta A.M. , Ellis C.K. , Baumgaertner J.U. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA distributed delay age structure model is presented for plants and insects that describes the dynamics of per capita energy (dry matter) acquisition and allocation patterns, and the within-organism subunit (e.g. leaves, fruit, ova) number dynamics that occur during growth, reproduction, and development. Four species of plants (common bean, cassava, cotton, and tomato) and two species of insects (pea aphid and a ladybird beetle) are modeled. A common acquisition (i.e. functional response) submodel is used to estimate the daily photosynthetic rates in plants and consumption rates in pea aphid and the ladybird beetle. The focus of this work is to capture the essence of the common attributes between trophic levels across this wide range of taxa. The models are compared with field or laboratory data. A hypothesis is proposed for the observed patterns of reproduction in pea aphid and in a ladybird beetle.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF INSECT SPECIES IN GRANARY RESIDUES IN THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES
Authors: Barker P.S. , Smith L.B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe distribution of selected insect species among samples from empty farm granaries in the Prairie Provinces was determined as a guide to determining the number of samples that would have to be collected to obtain reliable estimates of the average number of these species. The number of pest and fungivorous species (adults) per sample followed a negative bionomial distribution for Manitoba data but the number of pest species adults from Sasktachewan followed a Poisson distribution. In Alberta, 39 granary samples contained only one pest species and 507 had none. The number of pests per sample from Manitoba and Saskatchewan and the number of fungivorous species from Manitoba also fitted logarithmic series.The mean number of individuals of each species found in samples (adults or larvae) was always smaller than the variance and the distribution of insect counts followed the negative binomial distribution. Tribolium audax Halstead adults from Alberta also followed a Poisson distribution.The numbers of samples required to provide a predetermined measure of precision for the numbers of species per sample (Manitoba data) and for the numbers of individuals per sample of 15 species (adults or larvae) for each of the three Prairie Provinces were calculated.
SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF THE SUNFLOWER STEM WEEVIL, CYLINDROCOPTURUS ADSPERSUS (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), ON CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS
Authors: Charlet Laurence D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte), is a pest of cultivated sunflower in the major production areas of North and South Dakota, Minnesota, and Texas. Adults appeared in sunflower plots between 5 and 25 June in 1980–1985, when plants had 4–14 leaves. Oviposition began soon after adults were present and continued into late August. Peak densities of both eggs and adults occurred in mid-July. Larvae hatched between 6 and 11 July, when plants were in the early flower bud growth stages. Larvae fed in the sunflower stalk and moved to the stalk base or root crown to construct overwintering chambers. The seasonal patterns of the weevil’s life stages in 6 years were similar, but population densities varied. Regression equations were developed to predict larval numbers in stalks from number of adults to aid in making control decisions.
PARASITISM BY SCELIO CALOPTENI RILEY (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) IN EGGS OF THE TWO DOMINANT MELANOPLINE SPECIES (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Mukerji M.K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractParasitism by Scelio calopteni Riley in eggs of Melanoplus bivittatus (Say) and M. sanguinipes (Fabr.) in Saskatchewan during 1967–1980 was highly aggregated. There was no evidence of any numerical response of the parasites to adult grasshopper density and, furthermore, change in grasshopper population density was independent of percentage parasitism. Thus, it is concluded that parasitism by S. calopteni does not play a significant role in the population dynamics of the two grasshopper species. The relationship between parasitism and wetness in August was highly significant in both grasshopper species and showed that percentage parasitism increased, but at a decreasing rate, up to a certain wetness and levelled off thereafter.
RELATIVE TOXICITY OF SIX INSECTICIDES TO MALE AND FEMALE PHOLETESOR ORNIGIS (WEED) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (FABR.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)
Authors: Trimble R.M. , Pree D.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe susceptibility of male and female Pholetesor ornigis (Weed) to the pyrethroid insecticides permethrin, fenvalerate, and deltamethrin, the organophosphorous insecticides azinphosmethyl and phosmet, and the carbamate insecticide methomyl, was compared in the laboratory using two populations from Norfolk County, Ontario. Female P. ornigis were more susceptible than males to permethrin. There was no sexual difference in the susceptibility of P. ornigis to the other five insecticides tested. The implications of these results for the biological control potential of P. ornigis in commercial apple orchards are discussed. The results obtained for permethrin, fenvalerate, azinphosmethyl, and methomyl were compared with those obtained in a study completed 6 years earlier using P. ornigis from another location in Ontario; the results suggest that P. ornigis from Norfolk County have low levels of resistance to permethrin (3.3-fold), fenvalerate (2.2-fold), and methomyl (4.1-fold).
RELEASE OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA STEPHENS (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FOR CONTROL OF TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE) ON PEACH GROWN IN A PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT STRUCTURE
Authors: Hagley E.A.C. , Miles N. 
Published: November 2009

Research into the feasibility of growing peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] in a protected environment structure (PES) was initiated in 1981 by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food at the Horticultural Research Institute, Vineland Station (Leuty and Miles 1983).The 0.2-ha PES comprised seven gutter-connected greenhouses, each 5.3 by 58.5 m, with 3.4-m gutter height fibreglass walls and a double polyethylene roof. Temperatures suitable for plant growth were obtained by capturing solar energy beneath the plastic enclosure. Diurnal temperatures ranged between 6 and 27°C. Relative humidity varied between 40 and 95% and remained above 90% within the covered structure for greater than 50% of the time period between bloom (March 20) and roof removal sometime in May.