bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Experimental Validation of Two‐Phase Flow in an Aerosol Counter‐Flow Reactor using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Iglauer S. , Warnecke H.‐J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA simulation of the hydrodynamic behavior of an aerosol‐counter flow reactor was conducted using an Euler‐Lagrange method. The simulation results were then verified with experiments. The process simulated was a separation process required during the production of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester). In this process, the liquid ester/glycerol phases are continuously injected through a hollow cone nozzle with an overpressure of 106 Pa into the reactor, operated at 15000 Pa. The liquid is atomized because of the pressure drop and a liquid particle spray is generated with an inlet velocity of 44.72 m/s. Water vapor of temperature 333 K is injected tangentially through two side, gas inlets with an inlet velocity of 1.2 m/s. Excess methanol is subjected to a mass transfer from the liquid phase into the gas phase, which is withdrawn through the head of the reactor and condensed in an external condenser unit. The stripping of the methanol off the liquid leads to a sharp interface between the glycerol and the ester phase, which can then be easily separated by gravity or pumping. The gas velocity field, pressure field and the liquid particle trajectories were calculated successfully. Simulated dwell time distribution curves were derived and analyzed with the open‐open vessel dispersion model. Experimental dwell time distribution curves were measured, analyzed with the open‐open vessel dispersion model, and compared with the simulated curves. A good consistency between simulated and measured Bodenstein numbers was achieved, but 25 % of the simulated particles exited at the reactor's head, contrary to experimental observations. The difference between simulated and measured dwell times was within one order of magnitude.
Multi‐way analysis of flux distributions across multiple conditions
Authors: Verouden Maikel P. H. , Notebaart Richard A. , Westerhuis Johan A. , van der Werf Mariët J. , Teusink Bas , Smilde Age K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWith the availability of genome sequences of many organisms and information about gene‐protein‐reaction (GPR) associations with respect to these organisms genome‐scale metabolic networks can be reconstructed. In cellular systems biology these networks are used to model the behavior of metabolism in context of cell growth in terms of fluxes (reaction rates) through reactions in the network. Because the flux through each reaction can generally vary within a range, many flux distributions of the entire network are possible. However, since reactions are connected by common metabolites, reactions that are functionally coherent, are expected to highly correlate in terms of their flux value over different flux distributions.In this paper the genome‐scale network of a lactic acid bacterium, named Lactococcus lactis MG1363, is used to generate flux distributions for multiple in silico environmental conditions, mimicking laboratory growth conditions. The flux distributions per condition are used to calculate a correlation matrix for each condition. Subsequently the correlations between the reactions are analyzed in a multivariate approach across the in silico environmental conditions in order to identify correlations that are invariant (i.e. independent of the environment) and correlations that are variant across conditions (i.e. dependent of the environment). The applied multivariate methods are Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The discussion of the results of both methods leads to the question whether latent variable models are suitable analyzing this type of data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sedimentationsuntersuchungen zum Trennverhalten von Faser‐Partikel‐Suspensionen
Authors: Feist M. , Nirschl H. , Hirsch G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDie Notwendigkeit der genauen Untersuchung der Sedimentationsprozesse von Faser‐Partikel‐Suspensionen wird am Beispiel des Recycling‐Prozesses von Papier besonders deutlich. Bei diesem Prozess ist entscheidend, wie gut die Zellulosefasern von dem Füllstoff und anderen Partikeln abgetrennt werden können. Die im Folgenden präsentierten Experimente wurden mit zwei speziell produzierten Papieren, einem gestrichenen und einem ungestrichenen, sowie dessen einzelnen Bestandteilen durchgeführt. Nach Wiederauflösung des Papiers wurde die Suspension über einem 150‐μm‐Siebkorb gesiebt. Das daraus anfallende Filtrat bildete die Grundlage für die Experimente. Es wird gezeigt, dass das Sedimentationsverhalten der Suspensionen eine Abhängigkeit sowohl von der Feststoffkonzentration als auch von den physiko‐chemischen Wechselwirkungen erkennen lässt, die über eine Änderung des ζ‐Potenzials untersucht wurde. Signifikante Unterschiede sind ebenfalls bei anderen Faser‐Partikel‐Verhältnissen und differierenden Vorbehandlungen zu erkennen.
Herstellung von Hohlpartikeln durch Eintropfgranulation
Authors: Große Daldrup J.‐B. , Schaldach G. , Walzel P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHohlpartikel entstehen beispielsweise bei der Sprühtrockung besonders feinteiliger Suspensionen und sind häufig unerwünscht. Durch das Eintropfen einer Binderflüssigkeit in einen Tellergranulator lassen sich gezielt Hohlpartikel für besondere Anwendungen erstellen. In dieser Arbeit werden die Abhängigkeit der Partikeleigenschaften, wie Durchmesser und Schalendicke der Hohlkugeln, von der Viskosität der Binderflüssigkeit, der Bindertropfengröße und der Partikelgröße untersucht.
Location of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Associated Arrhythmias and Outcome
Authors: Hreybe Haitham , Saba Samir 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundCardiac arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been associated with adverse prognosis in numerous reports. Small studies have frequently associated different arrhythmias with various distributions of myocardial infarctions. We analyzed a nationally representative hospital discharge database to evaluate the relationship between the location of AMI and the associated arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities and their impact on in‐hospital mortality.MethodsWe searched the National Hospital Discharge Survey database for patients with a diagnosis of AMI and collected data on the associated arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities. In‐hospital death was used as end point for analysis.ResultsA total of 21,807 patients, representing 2,632,217 hospital discharges in the United States, with a primary diagnosis of AMI from 1996 to 2003 were included in this analysis. Patients with inferior or posterior AMI were more likely to develop complete heart block compared to those with anterior or lateral AMI (3.7% vs 1.0%, hazard ratio [HR] = 3.9, p ≤ 0.001), but less likely to die prior to hospital discharge (7.7% vs 11.3%, HR = 0.65, p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionsPatients with an inferior or posterior AMI are more likely to develop conduction system abnormalities when compared to patients with an anterior or lateral AMI. On the other hand, anterior or lateral MI is a significant predictor of in‐hospital death. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contemporary Analysis of Predictors and Etiology of Ventricular Fibrillation During Diagnostic Coronary Angiography
Authors: Chen Jun , Gao Li‐Jian , Chen Ji‐Lin , Song Hui‐Jun 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the incidence, investigate the predictors and analyze the causes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) during coronary angiography (CA) on the condition of current techniques.MethodsFrom April 2004 to January 2007, a total 22,254 patients (27,798 procedures) received CA procedures in our center; 27 patients developed VF during CA. This report was to retrospectively analyze the clinical basic characteristics, coronary angiographic characteristics and CA procedure records of these patients.ResultsThe incidence of VF during CA was 0.097%. The incidence of VF in radial approaches and femoral approaches was 0.076% and 0.147% (p = 0.085). The VF patients had higher coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) rates (11.1% vs 2.3%, p = 0.024) and were more likely to have a three‐vessel disease (59.3% vs 31.2%, p = 0.002) and a total occlusion lesion (25.9% vs 11.1%, p = 0.014) than non‐VF patients. On logistic regression analysis, three‐vessel disease (OR: 2.582, 95% CI: 1.165‐5.720, p = 0.019) and the history of CABG (OR: 3.959, 95% CI: 1.160‐13.513, p = 0.028) were the two independent predictors of VF occurrences. Among 27 episodes of VF, 13 were ischemia‐related; 11 were manipulation‐related; two were contrast‐related; one was hypokalemia‐related; and the causes remain unclear in five episodes.ConclusionsThe incidence of VF during CA is low on the condition of current techniques. The severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) is an independent predictor of VF occurrence during CA. Acute ischemia and inappropriate manipulation may be the two main causes in VF development. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Potential Effect of an Apoprotein B‐based Algorithm on Management of New Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia Referred to a Specialty Lipid Clinic
Authors: Brook Robert D. , Doshi Hardik , Bard Robert L. , Rubenfire Melvyn 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with hypertriglyceridemia, non‐high density lipoprotein cholesterol (nonHDL‐C) is a targeted goal. However, apoprotein B100 (apoB) may be superior in predicting cardiovascular risk so we assessed the utility of an apoB‐based.MethodsNew patients (n = 125) who had both apoB and standard lipids measured on the same day were included and we determined the concordances of having achieved goal lipid levels based upon proposed apoB versus nonHDL‐C (ATP III) targets in patients with elevated TG (≥150 mg·dl−1) levels.ResultsAlthough apoB was correlated with nonHDL‐C (r = 0.47, p ≤ 0.001), the tests had only a fair level of agreement when categorizing the percentage of patients achieving lipid goals for their degree of cardiovascular risk (κ = 0.22). Among patients with an elevation in nonHDL‐C above ATP III goals, between 12–42% had achieved target apoB. On the contrary, between 44–50% of patients were found to be at nonHDL‐C but not apoB target. The results were not substantively altered if the analyses were confined to patients with TG values between 200–499 mg·dl−1, rather than all patients with TG levels ≥ 150 mg·dl−1, as specifically outlined in ATP III guidelines. In total, > 50% of all subjects would have been treated either more or less aggressively following an apoB‐based therapeutic algorithm.ConclusionsOur findings confirm that the majority of patients referred with hypertriglyceridemia would be managed differently by following an apoB‐based treatment algorithm compared to ATP III guidelines. Although many patients would be candidates for more intense therapy, many would be treated less aggressively. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Percutaneous Intervention of Superior Mesenteric Artery Stenosis in Elderly Patients
Authors: Penugonda Neelima , Gardi Delair , Schreiber Theodore 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis review article focuses on stent placement in mesenteric arteries in older patients with an increasingly common diagnosis of chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI). We reviewed the articles that focused on the treatment of this gastrointestinal disorder by stenting/open surgical revascularization to avoid further ischemic episodes and bowel infarction and necrosis. The advantages of stent placement in mesenteric arteries are discussed in comparison to open surgical revascularization. In summary, the low morbidity and high technical success rate of catheter‐based techniques have made this approach the first line of therapy for CMI due to superior mesenteric artery stenosis for many elderly patients especially high‐risk operative candidates. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of High‐Dose Atorvastatin in Coronary Heart Disease Patients Age 65 to 78 Years
Authors: Koren Michael J. , Feldman Theodore , Mendes Robert A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐dose statin therapy may be underutilized in aged patients due to doubts about efficacy and safety.HypothesisTo investigate outcomes and safety in patients aged 65–78 years compared with patients aged < 65 years in the ALLIANCE study.MethodsA total of 2,442 stable coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with dyslipidemia were randomized to either aggressive treatment (low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol titration goal of < 80 mg/dL or maximum 80 mg/d of atorvastatin) or usual care (continuation of baseline lipid‐lowering therapy, with changes and laboratory analyses directed by treating physicians).ResultsA total of 1,001 patients aged 65–78 years were followed for a median period of 53.9 mo. Older, aggressively treated atorvastatin patients experienced a 27% relative risk reduction for the primary composite endpoint of adverse cardiovascular outcomes (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.73; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.57–0.94; p = 0.016). In addition, significant risk reductions were observed for nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI; HR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.23–0.79; p = 0.006), cardiac revascularization (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48–0.93; p = 0.017), and the combined endpoint of cardiac death and nonfatal MI (HR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.32–0.72; p = 0.001). The rate of significant liver transaminase elevations in atorvastatin patients was low and not age related. There were no cases of rhabdomyolysis. The rate of study discontinuations due to serious adverse events was higher in patients aged 65–78 years than in those younger than 65 years, but was similar between the treatment groups.ConclusionsOur data support the efficacy and safety of aggressive lipid management with atorvastatin in older CHD patients. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modestly Overweight Women Have Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Patel Ayan R. , Hui Han , Kuvin Jeffrey T. , Pandian Natesa G. , Karas Richard H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundVascular endothelial dysfunction occurs early in the atherosclerotic process and is predictive of cardiovascular prognosis. However, the association between specific cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial dysfunction in women has not been well characterized. This study examined the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2, current smoking, age, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and family history of early coronary heart disease) in a population of women that included those already being treated for risk factors.MethodsEndothelial function was assessed by brachial artery ultrasound flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) in 185 consecutive women without a history of coronary heart disease. Women with hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia were allowed to continue on their usual therapy.ResultsThere was an inverse linear association between age and FMD. Subjects who were active smokers had lower FMD compared with nonsmokers, and subjects with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 had lower FMD than subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m2. FMD in overweight women (BMI ≥ 25 and < 30 kg/m2) was similar to that of obese women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that body mass index, current smoking, and age were independent predictors of endothelial dysfunction in this population.ConclusionModestly elevated BMI, smoking, and age predict endothelial dysfunction in women, even in the presence of treatment for other atherosclerotic risk factors. These findings demonstrate the importance of modest elevation in BMI as a risk factor for impaired vascular health in women, and underscore the need for focusing further attention on lifestyle modification as a component of cardiovascular disease prevention. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 and Myocardial Protection: More than Glycemic Control
Authors: Fields Anjali V. , Patterson Brandy , Karnik Ankur A. , Shannon Richard P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPharmacologic intervention for the failing heart has traditionally targeted neurohormonal activation and ventricular remodeling associated with cardiac dysfunction. Despite the multitude of agents available for the treatment of heart failure, it remains a highly prevalent clinical syndrome with substantial morbidity and mortality, necessitating alternative strategies of targeted management. One such area of interest is the ability to modulate myocardial glucose uptake and its impact on cardioprotection. Glucose‐insulin‐potassium (GIK) infusions have been studied for decades, with conflicting results regarding benefit in acute myocardial infarction. Based on the same concepts, glucagon‐like peptide‐1‐[7–36] amide (GLP‐1) has recently been demonstrated to be a more effective alternative in left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. This paper provides a review on the current evidence supporting the use of GLP‐1 in both animal models and humans with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase 2 trial of two courses of cyclophosphamide and etoposide for relapsed high‐risk osteosarcoma patients
Authors: Massimo Berger , Giovanni Grignani , Stefano Ferrari , Eleonora Biasin , Adalberto Brach del Prever , Sandra Aliberti , Francesco Saglio , Massimo Aglietta , Franca Fagioli 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:A phase 2 trial was carried out to assess the antineoplastic activity of 2 courses of cyclophosphamide‐etoposide in relapsed osteosarcoma patients.METHODS:Twenty‐six relapsed osteosarcoma patients with a median age of 18.5 years (8.3‐47.1) were enrolled. Seven patients were in first relapse (27%), 11 in second relapse (42%), 7 in third relapse (27%), and 1 in fourth relapse (4%). Eighteen patients had bone metastasis at study entry (69%). Cyclophosphamide was given at 4 g/m2on Day 1 followed by etoposide at 200 mg/m2on Days 2, 3, and 4. Second cyclophosphamide and etoposide was planned at 21 days to 28 days from the previous one. The primary endpoint of the study was the clinical benefit at 4 months measured as progression‐free survival.RESULTS:Progression‐free survival at 4 months was 42%. Five patients achieved responses (19%), 9 patients had stable disease (35%), and 12 had tumor progression (46%). Overall survival (OS) at 1 year was 50%. The only grade 4 extrahematological toxicities were fever (5%), acute bronchospasm (4%) and stomatitis (18%). Six patients (23%) underwent radical surgery after cyclophosphamide and etoposide ×2.CONCLUSIONS:Cyclophosphamide and etoposide ×2 may arrest osteosarcoma progression in a significant number of patients (54%). Osteosarcoma progression arrest after cyclophosphamide and etoposide ×2 translates in a better OS. Cyclophosphamide and etoposide ×2 had good tolerability and the toxicity was time‐limited and resolved in all cases. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Outcomes and quality of care in acute myeloid leukemia over 40 years
Authors: Alibhai Shabbir M. H. , Leach Marc , Minden Mark D. , Brandwein Joseph 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a poor prognosis, particularly in older patients. To the authors' knowledge, few population‐based studies of AML treatment patterns and outcomes exist to date.METHODS:The authors used the Ontario Cancer Registry to identify all patients diagnosed with AML between 1965 and 2003. Referral to specialized cancer centers (SCCs) and receipt of chemotherapy were examined as quality of care indicators. Survival outcomes were examined using logistic regression at 30 days, 1 year, and 3 years.RESULTS:A total of 9365 patients (mean age, 58.1 years; range, 0 to 103 years) developed AML between 1965 and 2003. Overall, 75.1%, 32.9%, and 17.3% of patients survived to 30 days, 1 year, and 3 years, respectively. Although survival improved over time among patients aged 19 to 59 years, similar improvements were not seen among older patients. The proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy declined with age (59.0% vs 29.3% among patients ages 19‐59 vs ≥60 years). Fewer patients aged ≥60 years were referred to a SCC compared with younger patients (20.8% vs 29.9%). Younger age, less comorbidity, later year of diagnosis, receipt of chemotherapy, and being referred to a SCC were associated with better 30‐day and long‐term survival in multivariate models.CONCLUSIONS:Although the prognosis has improved over time among younger adults, it remains poor among those aged ≥60 years. Fewer older patients were referred to SCCs or treated with chemotherapy compared with younger patients, whereas both factors were associated with improved survival. Opportunities may exist to improve the quality of care and outcomes among older adults with AML. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Outcomes of patients who undergo aggressive induction therapy for secondary acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rizzieri David A. , O'Brien Jenny A. , Broadwater Gloria , Decastro Carlos M. , Dev Prakash , Diehl Louis , Beaven Anne , Lagoo Anand , Gockerman Jon P. , Chao Nelson J. , Moore Joseph O. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Response and survival in 96 patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) who received aggressive induction chemotherapy was reviewed.METHODS:The median follow‐up of survivors was 2.3 years. A total of 70 (73%) patients achieved a morphologic complete remission (CR) confirmed by absence of leukemic blasts by flow cytometry.RESULTS:For all 96 patients, the median event‐free survival (EFS) was 8 months, and overall survival (OS) was 13.6 months (range, 1‐119 months). Eight patients died shortly after induction therapy because of disease or side effects, and 13 are currently in continuous first remission. The median disease‐free survival (DFS) for all 70 patients who achieved a morphologic CR was 9 months (range, 1‐51 months), with a 64% chance of surviving 1 year. Patients with AML after previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy had a higher morphologic remission rate compared with those arising from myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative disease (82% vs 62%; P = .027). However, among the patients from the 2 groups who attained a morphologic remission, there was no difference in terms of CR rate (P = .94), DFS, EFS, or OS (P = .55, .83, and .71, respectively). This is a similar DFS to the group of 7 patients who went directly to ablative allogeneic transplant rather than having induction therapy first. In this population of patients who received aggressive chemotherapy, Charlson comorbidity index or a higher number of factors recognized as high risk in leukemia patients did not affect the chance of OS, DFS, and EFS, although having more recognized leukemia risk factors was related to a lower chance of surviving 1 year. However, it is important to note that those with higher comorbidity indexes were underrepresented in this aggressively treated cohort.CONCLUSIONS:The data from the current study demonstrate that many patients with sAML can tolerate aggressive induction therapy and attain remission, but duration of response and the chance of long‐term survival remain poor. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.