bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of infantile obesity: Is infantile obesity “benign” childhood obesity?
Authors: Sugiura Reiko , Okada Tomoo , Murata Mitsunori 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground:  Obesity occurring earlier than 2 years of age is categorized as “benign” childhood obesity. In other words, no treatment is required for this type of obesity, and its course can simply be followed without any particular intervention. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether early infantile obesity is actually benign childhood obesity.Methods:  The stature (length) and weight growth distance curves and growth velocity curves were determined for an obese infant (patient A), of his parents in infancy, and of his younger sister to determine whether their obesity in infancy was the benign childhood obesity. These data were also compared with other obese infants and those of normal infants.Results:  Patient A's weight growth velocity declined until the age of 6 months and was then constant from 7 months onward. Because patient A's weight growth velocity curve followed the same pattern as that seen in a normal infant, despite differing in degree, the reason why this patient became obese in early infancy was probably insufficient deceleration of his weight growth velocity compared to that of a normal infant. In addition, the weight growth patterns and growth velocities of his parents and young sister during infancy were similar to those of the patient.Conclusions:  The present four subjects had benign childhood obesity. In addition, six other cases of infantile obesity have been encountered at the authors' pediatric outpatient clinic. The clinical characteristics of infantile obesity are discussed.
Social support as described by foreign‐born persons diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and living in Sweden
Authors: Berterö Carina , Hjelm Katarina 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore and describe the meaning of support and its impact on the life situation of foreign‐born persons diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and living in Sweden in relation to gender, age, and the duration of the disease. Mixed methods were used on a purposive sample of 34 foreign‐born adults who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Qualitative data were collected by semi‐structured interviews and quantitative data were collected by the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (NSSQ). The meaning of “support” was described by the participants as medical support, information support, and aiding support to learn to manage diabetes. Support influenced the participants' entire life and their need for it was related to the severity of the diabetes and differences regarding age and gender. The participants scored low on the NSSQ regarding total emotional support, total aid, and total function and 42% had lost an important relationship during the last year. Their marital status had no impact on emotional support but aid was significant. Medical support, with regular follow‐up and information, is important in obtaining affirmation and aids in learning to manage diabetes mellitus.
Effects of toe and ankle training in older people: A cross‐over study
Authors: Nagai Koutatsu , Inoue Takuya , Yamada Yosuke , Tateuchi Hiroshige , Ikezoe Tome , Ichihashi Noriaki , Tsuboyama Tadao 
Published: January 2011

Aim:  Maintenance of physical function in the elderly is important. Previous studies have focused mainly on training‐center‐based interventions, accompanied by training staff or equipped with training machinery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of toe and ankle training for the elderly.Methods:  The four facilities were divided into two groups that received the intervention in 8‐week shifts. An exercise program, focused mainly on ankle, foot and toe function, was conducted with the subject in a sitting position. Muscle strength, physical function, fear of falling and health‐related quality of life were assessed at the beginning of the study and at the end of each 8‐week phase. Because subjects were not randomized, significant intergroup differences were present in some baseline measurements. Therefore, the study was conducted with a cross‐over design, and ancova was included with the baseline value as an independent covariate.Results:  A significant improvement was found in quadriceps strength, functional reach, stepping in sitting and Euro Qol EQ5D score, together with a possible improvement in toe flexor strength.Conclusion:  These results suggest that a training program carried out with the subject in a sitting position and focused mainly on ankle, foot and toe functions is effective in improving some aspects of motor function in the elderly. This approach may help elderly individuals maintain their activity level without increasing risks. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 11: 246–255.
French current practice for ambulatory anesthesia in children: a survey among the French‐speaking Pediatric Anesthesiologists Association (ADARPEF)
Authors: Nivoche Yves , Lucas Marie‐Madeleine , Dahmani Souhayl , Brasher Christopher , Wodey Eric , Courrèges Philippe ,   French‐speaking Pediatric Anesthesiologists Association (ADARPEF)
Published: January 2011

SummaryBackground:  This survey aims to describe current practice in ambulatory care among pediatric anesthesiologists in France.Methods:  Members of the French‐speaking Pediatric Anesthesiologists Association (ADARPEF) were sent a questionnaire examining the proportion of pediatric ambulatory anesthesia practiced by each responder, the level of adherence to pediatric ambulatory Anesthesia guidelines, and responder consensus in decision making when faced with common case scenarios in pediatric ambulatory anesthesia. For the latter, consensus was defined as a > 80% opinion.Results:  One hundred and forty‐five pediatric anesthesiologists replied (43%). Ambulatory anesthesia appears underused in France. Recent French pediatric ambulatory anesthesia guidelines are being applied. Postoperative pain is poorly managed. The choice of scheduling children for ambulatory anesthesia appears to be more heavily influenced by practitioners’ subjective evaluation than evidence from the literature.Conclusion:  A better commitment for ambulatory care must be found among anesthesiologists. Further studies are required to improve coherence, safety, and efficiency of children selection for ambulatory anesthesia.
Aqueous humor and plasma concentrations of a compounded 0.2% solution of terbinafine following topical ocular administration to normal equine eyes
Authors: Clode Alison , Davis Jennifer , Davidson Gigi , Salmon Jacklyn , Lafevers Heath , Gilger Brian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective To determine the transcorneal penetration and systemic absorption of a compounded 0.2% terbinafine solution following repeated topical administration to normal equine eyes.Sample population Six healthy adult horses with normal ocular examinations.Procedures One eye of each horse received 0.2 mL of a compounded 0.2% terbinafine solution every 4 h for seven doses. During the 1 h following administration of the final dose, multiple peripheral blood samples were obtained, and a single aqueous humor (AH) sample was collected at the end of the hour. AH and plasma concentrations of terbinafine were determined using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Stability of the formulation was assessed with HPLC analysis over a 14‐day time period.Results Terbinafine was not detected in the AH or plasma of any horse at any time point. No signs of ocular irritation or systemic toxicity were noted in any horse at any time point. The solution was stable over 14 days.Conclusion Topical ocular administration of compounded 0.2% terbinafine solution does not result in detectable AH or plasma levels following administration to normal equine eyes, suggesting its use for deep corneal or intraocular fungal infections in equine ophthalmology may be limited.
Phylogeny of haplo–diploid, fungus‐growing ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) inferred from molecular and morphological data
Authors: Cognato Anthony I. , Hulcr Jiri , Dole Stephanie A. , Jordal Bjarte H. 
Published: January 2011

Cognato, A. I., Hulcr, J., Dole, S. A. & Jordal, B. H. (2010). Phylogeny of haplo‐diploid, fungus‐growing ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) inferred from molecular and morphological data. —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 174–186.The ambrosia beetle tribe Xyleborini currently contains 30 genera and approximately 1200 species which are distributed throughout worldwide forests with most diversity located in the tropics. They also represent the most invasive scolytines in North America. Despite economic concerns and biological curiosity with this group, a comprehensive understanding of generic boundaries and the evolutionary relationship among species is lacking. In this study, we include 155 xyleborine species representing 23 genera in parsimony and Bayesian analyses using 3925 nucleotides from mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear genomes (28S, ArgK, CAD, EF‐1α) and 39 morphological characters. The phylogenies resulting from the parsimony analyses, which treated gap positions either as missing or fifth character states, and the Bayesian analysis were generally similar. Clades with high support or posterior probabilities were found in all trees, while those with low support were not recovered by all analyses. Fourteen of the 23 genera were monophyletic although not all relationships among the genera were resolved. We show monophyly of several species groups associated with particular morphological and biological characters and suggest recognition of these groups as genera. Most interesting was the monophyly of South and Central American species representing several genera. This finding suggests recent and fast radiation of xyleborines in the New World accompanied by morphological and biological diversification.
Another step towards understanding the slit‐limpets (Fissurellidae, Fissurelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda): a combined five‐gene molecular phylogeny
Authors: Aktipis Stephanie W. , Boehm Emily , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: January 2011

Aktipis, S. W., Boehm, E. & Giribet, G. (2010). Another step towards understanding the slit‐limpets (Fissurellidae, Fissurelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda): a combined five‐gene molecular phylogeny. —Zoologica Scripta,40, 238–259.Fissurellids, commonly known as slit or keyhole limpets, are limpet‐shaped gastropods that typically possess a hole, slit or notch in their bilaterally symmetrical shells and usually occur on rocky marine substrates. Competing classifications for Fissurellidae have been circumscribed using various morphological characters such as radular, shell and mantle features; two to five different subfamilies have been recognized. Although fissurellid species are frequently included in larger vetigastropod phylogenies, relatively few phylogenetic studies of the group have been performed. This study presents a phylogenetic investigation of the relationships amongst slit‐limpets in the vetigastropod superfamily Fissurelloidea, representing the first molecular phylogeny of this clade. In this study, the monophyly of Fissurelloidea and Fissurellidae varied depending on the analytical method used, but clades compatible with the subfamilies Diodorinae and Fissurellinae were recovered with high bootstrap support in all analyses. Species traditionally classified in Emarginulinae formed two groups identified in this study as Hemitominae (Puncturella,CranopsisandHemitoma) and Emarginulinaesensu stricto(Emarginula,Montfortula,Tugali,ScutusandNannoscutum), but Hemitominae was only monophyletic in the maximum likelihood analysis. The results of this study contradict traditional fissurellid classifications as well as theories about the evolution of key fissurellid shell characters. The placement ofPuncturella,CranopsisandHemitomasister to all remaining fissurellids suggests that the presence of an anteriorly placed foramen or notch is plesiomorphic, and that an anterior notch or slit evolved multiple times in Fissurellidae.
The Important Thing Is Not (Always) Winning but Taking Part: Funding Public Goods with Contests
Authors: FARAVELLI MARCO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper considers a public good game with heterogeneous endowments and incomplete information affected by extreme free riding. I overcome this problem through the implementation of a deterministic contest in which several prizes may be awarded. I identify a monotone equilibrium, in which the contribution is strictly increasing in the endowment. I prove that it is optimal for the social planner to set the last prize equal to zero, but otherwise total expected contribution is invariant to the prize structure. Finally, I show that private provision via a contest Pareto‐dominates public provision and is higher than the total contribution raised through a lottery.
Public Goods and the Commons: A Common Framework
Authors: VICARY SIMON 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper models the commons as a public good whose provision can only be lowered as a result of human action. We compare the equilibrium properties of a commons with those of a “subscription” public good, and find that in many respects they are “skew symmetric” with respect to one another. In a large commons economy, we expect widespread individual sacrifice of private consumption, with provision determined at the limit by those with the least, not the greatest, interest in the good. Making consumption more environmentally friendly will cause environmental quality to fall when the community is large. Furthermore, under certain conditions, equalizing transfers raise public good provision and might even be Pareto improving.
Probing the relative contribution of the first and second responses to sensory gating indices: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chang Wen‐Pin , Arfken Cynthia L. , Sangal Monica P. , Boutros Nash N. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSensory gating deficit in schizophrenia patients has been well‐documented. However, a central conceptual issue, regarding whether the gating deficit results from an abnormal initial response (S1) or difficulty in attenuating the response to the repeating stimulus (S2), raise doubts about the validity and utility of the S2/S1 ratio as a measure of sensory gating. This meta‐analysis study, therefore, sought to determine the consistency and relative magnitude of the effect of the two essential components (S1 and S2) and the ratio. The results of weighted random effects meta‐analysis revealed that the overall effect sizes for the S1 amplitude, S2 amplitude, and P50 S2/S1 ratio were −0.19 (small), 0.65 (medium to large), and 0.93 (large), respectively. These results confirm that the S2/S1 ratio and the repeating (S2) stimulus differ robustly between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls in contrast to the consistent but smaller effect size for the S1 amplitude. These findings are more likely to reflect defective inhibition of repeating redundant input rather than an abnormal response to novel stimuli.
Environmentally friendly consumer: from determinism to emergence
Authors: Reijonen Satu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSeveral attempts have been made by academics in the past to explain the so‐called ‘environmentally conscious’ consumer. These explanations share an important feature, namely determinism. This paper identifies three different sources of determinism that are distinguished in recent literature on the green consumer: cultural determinism, psycho‐socio‐demographic determinism and calculative determinism. An explanation of the green consumer in these terms, however, loses sight of the emergence and processuality of consumer behaviour. Process oriented constructionism, by contrast, is useful to recover these important aspects. This paper suggests a research agenda focused on socio‐material processes and situated actions that lead to the emergence and stabilization of a particular type of consumer behaviour.
The enzyme‐mediated activation of radical source reaction: a new approach to identify partners of a given molecule in membrane microdomains
Authors: Honke Koichi , Kotani Norihiro 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 116, 690–695.AbstractImportant biological events associated with plasma membranes, such as signal transduction, cell adhesion, and protein trafficking, are mediated through the membrane microdomains. However, it is difficult to assess the issue of how they assemble under physiological conditions. We developed a new approach to identify partners of a given molecule on the cell surface in living cells. The important feature of this system, termed as enzyme‐mediated activation of radical source, is that activation of cross‐linking reagent arylazide‐biotin tag can be accomplished not by ultraviolet light, but by an enzyme, horseradish peroxidase. By using this method, we found that many kinds of receptor tyrosine kinases are associated with β1 integrin whereas a few receptor tyrosine kinases are associated with ganglioside GM1 in HeLa S3 cells. This system is a comprehensive approach to identify interactions between cell surface molecules under living conditions. The advantages of this approach are as follows: (i) easy, high throughput, and without the need for special equipment, (ii) applicable to systematic approaches such as proteomic analysis, (iii) applicable to studies on the interactions among not only proteins but also glycans and lipids. The biochemical approach although the enzyme‐mediated activation of radical source reaction will provide a new insight into a wide range of research concerning cis‐interaction between biomolecules on the cell surface in living cells.
Phospholipases A2 and neural membrane dynamics: implications for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lee James C.‐M. , Simonyi Agnes , Sun Albert Y. , Sun Grace Y. 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 116, 813–819.AbstractPhospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are essential enzymes in cells. They are not only responsible for maintaining the structural organization of cell membranes, but also play a pivotal role in the regulation of cell functions. Activation of PLA2s results in the release of fatty acids and lysophospholipids, products that are lipid mediators and compounds capable of altering membrane microdomains and physical properties. Although not fully understood, recent studies have linked aberrant PLA2 activity to oxidative signaling pathways involving NADPH oxidase that underlie the pathophysiology of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we review studies describing the involvement of cytosolic PLA2 in oxidative signaling pathways leading to neuronal impairment and activation of glial cell inflammatory responses. In addition, this review also includes information on the role of cytosolic PLA2 and exogenous secretory PLA2 on membrane physical properties, dynamics, and membrane proteins. Unraveling the mechanisms that regulate specific types of PLA2s and their effects on membrane dynamics are important prerequisites towards understanding their roles in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, and in the development of novel therapeutics to retard progression of the disease.
Brain pathology in Niemann Pick disease type A: insights from the acid sphingomyelinase knockout mice
Authors: Ledesma Maria Dolores , Prinetti Alessandro , Sonnino Sandro , Schuchman Edward H. 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 116, 779–788.AbstractSevere neurological involvement characterizes Niemann Pick disease (NPD) type A, an inherited disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the gene encoding acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). Mice lacking ASM, which mimic NPD type A, have provided important insights into the aberrant brain phenotypes induced by ASM deficiency. For example, lipid alterations, including the accumulation of sphingolipids, affect the membranes of different subcellular compartments of neurons and glial cells, leading to anomalies in signalling pathways, neuronal polarization, calcium homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, myelin production or immune response. These findings contribute to our understanding of the overall role of sphingolipids and their metabolic enzymes in brain physiology, and pave the way to design and test new therapeutic strategies for type A NPD and other neurodegenerative disorders. Some of these have already been tested in mice lacking ASM with promising results.
Gangliosides are essential in the protection of inflammation and neurodegeneration via maintenance of lipid rafts: elucidation by a series of ganglioside‐deficient mutant mice
Authors: Ohmi Yuhsuke , Tajima Orie , Ohkawa Yuki , Yamauchi Yoshio , Sugiura Yasuo , Furukawa Keiko , Furukawa Koichi 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 116, 926–935.AbstractGangliosides are considered to be involved in the maintenance and repair of nervous tissues. Recently, novel roles of gangliosides in the regulation of complement system were reported by us. In this study, we compared complement activation, inflammatory reaction and disruption of glycolipid‐enriched microdomain (GEM)/rafts among various mutant mice of ganglioside synthases, i.e. GM2/GD2 synthase knockout (KO), GD3 synthase KO, double KO (DKO) of these two enzymes and wild type. Up‐regulation of complement‐related genes, deposits of C1q, proliferation of astrocytes and infiltration of microglia also showed similar gradual severity depending on the defects in ganglioside compositions. In the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β and tumor necrosis factor α, only DKO showed definite up‐regulation. Immunoblotting of fractions from sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation revealed that lipid raft markers such as caveolin‐1 and flotillin‐1 tended to disperse from the raft fractions with intensities of DKO > GM2/GD2 synthase KO > GD3 synthase KO > wild type. Decay‐accelerating factor and neural cell adhesion molecule tended to disappear from the raft fraction. Phospholipids and cholesterol also tended to decrease in GEM/rafts in GM2/GD2 synthase KO and DKO, although total amounts were almost equivalent. These results indicate that destruction of GEM/rafts is caused by ganglioside deficiency with gradual intensity depending on the degree of defects of their compositions.