bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow Visualisation in Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruders: Positron Emission Particle Tracking and Numerical Particle Trajectories
Authors: Diemer J. , Chilles C. , Colbert J. , Miri T. , Ingram A. , David P. , Fard A. Sarhangi , Anderson P. D. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Co-rotating twin-screw extruders are widely used compounding machines. They are mainly configured based on extensive experience and iterative approaches to optimise output and composite quality. The visualisation technology developed in the EU-project PEPTFlow allows visualisation of composite flow in twin-screw extruders under realistic processing conditions by tracking radioactive tracer particles in the polymer melt, using a specially developed camera system. This new approach allows polymer flow to be studied in different screw elements and screw configurations under realistic compounding conditions at normal temperatures and melt pressures. The paper presents the latest developments in the camera systems as well as the different ways to use and interpret the results. Detailed analysis of residence times and residence time distributions for standard compound screw elements, like kneading discs, conveying elements and reverse elements are presented. In addition for a better understanding of the flow field inside twin-screw extruders, numerical particle tracking is done. The Stokes equation, using XFEM method, are solved and the numerical RTD's (residence time distribution) are compared for various screw designs.
Optimization of Injection Molding Process for SGF and PTFE Reinforced PC Composites Using Response Surface Methodology and Simulated Annealing Approach
Authors: Yang T. , Yang Y.-K. , Chen C.-Y. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This study is analyzed variations of ultimate strength, friction coefficient and wear mass loss that depend on the injection molding techniques during the blending of short glass fiber (SGF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) reinforced polycarbonate (PC) composites. A hybrid method including response surface methodology (RSM) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) integrating simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) are proposed to determine an optimal parameter setting of the injection molding process. The specimens are prepared under different injection molding processing conditions based on a Taguchi orthogonal array table. The results of eighteen experimental runs were utilized to train the BPNN predicting ultimate strength, friction coefficient and wear mass loss. Simultaneously, the RSM and SAA approaches were individually applied to search for an optimal setting. In addition, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was implemented to identify significant factors for the injection molding process parameters and the result of BPNN integrating SAA was also compared with RSM approach. The results of optimal parameters of injection molding process for the ultimate strength of x-direction and y-direction based on BPNN/SAA approach were increased 3.12%, and 6.18%, respectively.
Influence of Dicumyl Peroxide Content on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polylactide
Authors: Rytlewski P. , Żenkiewicz M. , Malinowski R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe aim of this article was to determine the effect of the dicumyl peroxide (DCP) content on thermal and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLA). Reactive extrusion of the PLA and DCP blends was performed. The DCP content varied from 0.2 to 1.0 wt.%. The extruded samples were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), analyses of gel content and swelling degree, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile and impact strength tests. It was found that DCP caused crosslinking of PLA as well as contributed to formation of low-molecular weight products of decomposition and degradation processes. These products caused plasticization of PLA, which led to a decrease in the glass transition temperature. An increase in tensile strength and decrease in impact strength were observed as the DCP content increased.
Intricate variation patterns in the diploid‐polyploid complex of Alyssum montanum‐A. repens (Brassicaceae) in the Apennine Peninsula: Evidence for long‐term persistence and diversification
Authors: Španiel Stanislav , Marhold Karol , Passalacqua Nicodemo G. , Zozomová‐Lihová Judita 
Published: November 2011

• Premise of the study: The Apennine Peninsula, one of the three peninsulas of the European Mediterranean, is an important hotspot of genetic and species diversity, but studies devoted to plant evolution are still very scarce in this region. We studied the diploid‐polyploid complex of Alyssum montanum‐A. repens, focusing on Apennine and adjacent southwestern Alpine populations from southeastern France, with the aim of examining their taxonomic position and evolutionary patterns.• Methods: We employed AFLP markers and cpDNA sequences, along with cytotype determination using flow cytometry, and a multivariate morphometric approach.• Key results: The Italian and French populations formed two well‐delimited groupings within the studied complex that were, in contrast to previous taxonomic treatments, clearly distinct from A. montanum. Populations from southeastern France represent A. orophilum, a previously described but abandoned species. Those from central and southern Italy correspond to A. diffusum, exhibiting high, geographically structured variation (central Apennines, Gargano, and southern Apennines/Calabria). This pattern coincides with hotspot refugial regions, in congruence with the “refugia‐within‐refugia” hypothesis, and is reflected here in the recognition of three subspecies within A. diffusum.• Conclusions: We provide evidence for the presence of Mediterranean refugia for the studied Alyssum montanum‐A. repens complex located in central and southern Italy, which, however, did not contribute to the postglacial colonization of Central Europe. Past extinctions, genetic bottlenecks, and recent expansion were inferred in Central Europe, while long‐term accumulation of diversity as well as polyploidization occurred in the Apennines.
The Role of Adherence in Virological Suppression in Patients Receiving Anti-HBV Analogues
Authors: Sogni Philippe , Carrieri Maria Patrizia , Fontaine Hélène , Mallet Vincent , Vallet-Pichard Anaïs , Trabut Jean-Baptiste , Méritet Jean-François , Pol Stanislas 
Published: November 2011

Background Although adherence is of major importance in long-term treatments, few studies have been published regarding the use of anti-HBV analogues in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to anti-HBV analogues and associated virological suppression. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed between 1 January 2009 and 15 July 2009 in Cochin Hospital, Paris, France. It included all patients being treated with anti-HBV analogues for at least three months, who were without coinfection (HIV, HCV or HDV) and who had not received organ transplants. At the time of enrolment, HBV viral load, analogue regimen and self-reported adherence were collected prospectively. Patients were classified as non-adherent, or moderately or totally adherent using a score based on analysis of self-reports. Other data were obtained retrospectively. Results Among the 190 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 33% were initially hepatitis B e antigen-positive and 50% had extensive fibrosis or cirrhosis. Pretreatment viral load was 6.0 log IU/ml (median). The median duration of treatment was 52 months. At enrolment, 61%, 32% and 7% of patients were classified as totally adherent, moderately adherent and non-adherent, respectively. Complete virological suppression (HBV DNA<12 IU/ml) was observed in 83% of patients at enrolment. In the multivariate analysis, lack of virological suppression was associated with an increased pretreatment viral load, with no change in analogue regimen and is classified as non-adherent. Conclusions Adherence seems to be an independent factor associated with virological suppression during anti-HBV analogue treatment. Therapeutic education and a systematic evaluation of adherence using self-reports should be promoted to assure long-term anti-HBV analogue efficacy in clinical practice.
Feasibility of Whole-body MRI for Detecting Metastatic Myxoid Liposarcoma: A Case Series
Authors: Seo Sung Wook , Kwon Jong Won , Jang Sung Won , Jang Seung Pil , Park Youn-Soo 
Published: November 2011

No feasible method currently exists to evaluate systemic metastasis in patients with myxoid liposarcoma. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of performing whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect metastatic myxoid liposarcoma. From June 2008 to May 2010, all patients who were newly diagnosed with myxoid liposarcomas at our institution underwent whole-body MRI along with other conventional imaging methods. We divided the whole body into 38 sections (7 soft tissue sections and 31 bone tissue sections). In total, there were 570 regions (105 soft tissue regions and 465 bony regions) in 15 patients (10 men and 5 women) who underwent whole-body MRI.
Of 105 soft tissue regions, there were 4 true positives, 3 false positives, 1 false negative, and 97 true positives. Of 465 bone tissue regions, there were 11 true positives, 5 false positives, 2 false negatives, and 447 true negatives. In soft tissue, whole-body MRI for the detection of metastatic lesion showed a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 97.0%, a positive predictive value of 57.1%, and a negative predictive value of 99.0%. In bone tissue, whole-body MRI had a sensitivity of 84.6%, a specificity of 98.9%, a positive predictive value of 68.8%, and a negative predictive value of 99.6%.
Whole-body MRI is feasible and effective for detecting bone and soft tissue metastasis in patients with myxoid liposarcoma.
Percutaneous Vertebral Body Cement Augmentation for Back Pain Related to Occult Osteomyelitis/Diskitis
Authors: Buttermann Glenn R. , Mullin William J. 
Published: November 2011

Although complications related to vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty are few, we treated 2 patients with vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty for pain, presumed to be due to vertebral compression fractures, which were subsequently found to be due to occult osteomyelitis/diskitis. The onset of their infections appeared to have preceded their vertebral body augmentation procedures and was possibly due to prior interventional procedures for histories of back pain.
An 86-year-old woman had had 3 prior kyphoplasty procedures for fractures at T10, T11, and L1. She reported continued severe pain, and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging was misinterpreted for another fracture at T12, resulting in her fourth kyphoplasty. She became septic and had some improvement with antibiotics, but she declined specialty care and died. A 74-year-old man with chronic back pain had recently undergone lumbar facet joint injections. Computed tomography and subsequent bone scan found uptake at both L2 and L3. Despite abnormal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level and normal radiographic vertebral height, he underwent a vertebroplasty. His pain increased, and subsequent workup found L2-3 diskitis. He recovered with antibiotics and specialty care. Similar to prior reports of spondylodiskitis, both patients had multiple medical comorbidities.
This article emphasizes the need for clinical reevaluation and scrutiny in the interpretation of imaging studies, including for infection in patients with continued pain after spinal procedures. The differential diagnosis of infectious etiology is an important consideration prior to vertebral cement augmentation for presumed fragility fracture.
Digital Flexion Contracture and Severe Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Due to Tophaceus Infiltration of Wrist Flexor Tendon: First Manifestation of Gout
Authors: Hernández-Cortés P. , Caba M. , Gómez-Sánchez R. , Gómez-Morales M. 
Published: November 2011

The authors report an unusual case of flexor tenosynovitis, severe carpal tunnel syndrome, and triggering at the carpal tunnel as the first manifestation of gout. A 69-year-old man presented with digital flexion contracture and severe carpal tunnel syndrome of his right hand and was treated surgically. A flexor tenosynovectomy and a median nerve neurolysis were performed through an extended carpal tunnel approach. The sublimis and the profundus tendons were involved. Partial ruptures and multiple whitish lesions suggestive of tophacceous infiltration of the flexor tendons were seen. Macroscopically, the removed synovial tissue was involved by multiple whitish nodules that were milimetric in size and was suggestive of monosodium urate crystals deposits. By light microscopy examination, numerous nonnecrotizing granulomas of different sizes were observed that were compounded by large aggregations of acellular nonpolarized material, surrounded by epithelioid histiocytes, mononuclear cells, and foreign body multinucleated giant cells. Postoperatively, the patient recovered with resolution of the median nerve symptoms and a near-to-full range of motion of the affected digits.
To the authors’ knowledge, this patient is the first case report with flexor tendons tophacceous infiltration as the first clinical sign of gout. Gouty flexor tenosynovitis can occur in the absence of a long history of gout. A high index of suspicion is paramount to the initiation of proper management. Operative treatment of gouty flexor tenosynovitis is mandatory to debulk tophaceous deposits, improve tendon gliding, and decompress nerves. Routine uric acid determination could be helpful in the preoperative evaluation of patients with flexor tenosynovitis.
Human Th1 and Th17 Cells Exhibit Epigenetic Stability at Signature Cytokine and Transcription Factor Loci
Authors: Cohen Carla J. , Crome Sarah Q. , MacDonald Kate G. , Dai Elizabeth L. , Mager Dixie L. , Levings Megan K. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The linear model of Th cell lineage commitment is being revised due to reports that mature Th cells can trans-differentiate into alternate lineages. This ability of Th cells to reprogram is thought to be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms that control expression of transcription factors characteristic of opposing lineages. It is unclear, however, to what extent this new model of Th cell plasticity holds true in human Th cell subsets that develop under physiological conditions in vivo. We isolated in vivo-differentiated human Th1 and Th17 cells, as well as intermediate Th1/17 cells, and identified distinct epigenetic signatures at cytokine (IFNG and IL17A) and transcription factor (TBX21, RORC, and RORA) loci. We also examined the phenotypic and epigenetic stability of human Th17 cells exposed to Th1-polarizing conditions and found that although they could upregulate TBX21 and IFN-γ, this occurred without loss of IL-17 or RORC expression, and resulted in cells with a Th1/17 phenotype. Similarly, Th1 cells could upregulate IL-17 upon enforced expression of RORC2, but did not lose expression of IFN-γ or TBX21. Despite alterations in expression of these signature genes, epigenetic modifications were remarkably stable aside from the acquisition of active histone methylation marks at cytokine gene promoters. The limited capacity of human Th17 and Th1 cells to undergo complete lineage conversion suggests that the bipotent Th1/17 cells may arise from Th1 and/or Th17 cells. These data also question the broad applicability of the new model of Th cell lineage plasticity to in vivo-polarized human Th cell subsets.
Lineage−Sca1+c-Kit−CD25+ Cells Are IL-33–Responsive Type 2 Innate Cells in the Mouse Bone Marrow
Authors: Brickshawana Adipong , Shapiro Virginia Smith , Kita Hirohito , Pease Larry R. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
IL-33 promotes type 2 immune responses, both protective and pathogenic. Recently, targets of IL-33, including several newly discovered type 2 innate cells, have been characterized in the periphery. In this study, we report that bone marrow cells from wild-type C57BL/6 mice responded with IL-5 and IL-13 production when cultured with IL-33. IL-33 cultures of bone marrow cells from Rag1 KO and KitW-sh/W-sh mice also responded similarly; hence, eliminating the possible contributions of T, B, and mast cells. Rather, intracellular staining revealed that the IL-5– and IL-13–positive cells display a marker profile consistent with the Lineage−Sca-1+c-Kit−CD25+ (LSK−CD25+) cells, a bone marrow cell population of previously unknown function. Freshly isolated LSK−CD25+ cells uniformly express ST2, the IL-33 receptor. In addition, culture of sorted LSK−CD25+ cells showed that they indeed produce IL-5 and IL-13 when cultured with IL-33 plus IL-2 and IL-33 plus IL-7. Furthermore, i.p. injections of IL-33 or IL-25 into mice induced LSK−CD25+ cells to expand, in both size and frequency, and to upregulate ST2 and α4β7 integrin, a mucosal homing marker. Thus, we identify the enigmatic bone marrow LSK−CD25+ cells as IL-33 responsive, both in vitro and in vivo, with attributes similar to other type 2 innate cells described in peripheral tissues.
Development of a Simple Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Multiresidue Determination of Antifungal Drugs in Chicken Tissues
Authors: Yu Ying , Zhang Jing , Shao Bing , Wu Yongning , Duan Hejun , Liu Hongtao 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A method involving LC coupled with MS/MS (LC/MS/MS) was designed for simultaneous quantification of 10 antifungal drugs (voriconazole, griseofulvin, clotrimazole, bifonazole, econazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, terconazole, and fluconazole) in the liver and muscles of chickens. Homogenized tissue samples were extracted with acetonitrile and subsequently underwent freezing-delipidation. A Waters Acquity Ultra Performance LC BEH C18 column was used to separate the analytes, coupled with MS/MS using an electrospray ionization source. The accuracy of the method was confirmed with a mean recovery of 71–121%, and acceptable coefficients of variation (4–23%, n = 6). The detection capability of these compounds in two different matrixes was 0.50–2.82 μg/kg. This method can be applied for the screening and confirmation of target antifungal drugs in chicken tissues.
Sensitive and Simple Flow Injection Analysis of Formaldehyde Using an Activated Barrel Plating Nickel Electrode
Authors: Chen Pei-Yen , Yang Hsueh-Hui , Zen Jyh-Myng , Shih Ying 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A flow injection analysis coupled with electrochemical detection at an activated barrel plating nickel electrode (Ni-BPE) was developed as a sensitive, simple, and low-cost formaldehyde sensor. The mechanism of Ni-BPE toward the electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde in alkaline medium at ambient temperature was proposed to be based on the electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde by NiIIIO(OH) species. Under the optimized conditions (flow rate = 1.2 mL/min; detection potential = +0.5 V versus Ag/AgCl), a good linearity in the window of 0.037 to 10 μg/mL formaldehyde was observed, and the LOD of 0.23 μg/L was calculated. The RSDs of intraday (n = 10) and interday (n = 6) replicate measurements of 0.185–5 μg/mL formaldehyde ranged from 1.45 to 3.60%, indicating good reproducibility of the proposed method. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of formaldehyde in commercial nail polish samples and a drinking water sample.
Solid-Phase Extraction of Some Heavy Metal Ions on a Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube Disk and Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Karatepe Aslihan , Soylak Mustafa , Elçi Latif 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A new preconcentration method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of Cu(II), Fe(III), Pb(II), Ni(II), and Cd(II) on a double-walled carbon nanotube disk. 4-(2-Thiazolylazo) resorcinol was used as a complexing reagent. The effects of parameters, including pH of the solutions, amounts of complexing reagent, eluent type, sample volume, flow rates of solutions, and matrix ions were examined for quantitative recoveries of the studied analyte ions. The retained metal ions were eluted by 2 M HNO3. The LOD values for the analytes were in the range of 0.7–4.4 μg/mL. Natural water samples and standard reference materials were analyzed by the presented method.
Synthesis of macroporous polymer particles by suspension polymerization using supercritical carbon dioxide as a pressure‐adjustable porogen
Authors: Kamrupi I. R. , Pokhrel B. , Kalita A. , Boruah M. , Dolui S. K. , Boruah R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReported herein is a green route for the synthesis of macroporous polystyrene particles by suspension polymerization in water in sc‐CO2 medium using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as stabilizer, divinylbenzene (DVB) as cross‐linker, and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. The solvent properties of sc‐CO2 are adjusted in such a way that it acts as a pressure‐adjustable porogen. All the reactions were carried out at pressures of 70–320 bar and a temperature of 75°C with an agitation speed of 700 rpm. With an increase in pressure (>70 bar), the diameter of the particles increases (8–22 μm), and the surface area of the particles also increases. Similarly, the pore diameter of the particle was observed to be increasing with an increase in pressure and to reach a maximum value (209 nm) at pressure 200 bar. The diameters of the microspheres and the pore size were controlled by varying the pressure of CO2 inside the reactor during the polymerization process. The porous polymer particles were characterized by SEM, TEM, GPC, BET absorption isotherm, and TGA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: 154–162, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20246
Preparation and characterization of nanosilica‐filled color resist
Authors: Lee Chih‐Kang , Hwang Feng‐Hsi , Chen Ching‐Chung , Chang Cheng‐Liang , Cheng Liao‐Ping 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNanosilica‐filled red, green, and blue color resists were prepared and their optical, thermal, and mechanical properties were examined. It was found that the International Commission on Illumination color coordinates of the formed resists varied with the concentration of silica in the resist. When the silica content was controlled within 15 phr, the color coordinates fell within the range for TFT–LCD applications. Furthermore, the pencil hardness and the thermal decomposition temperature of the resists increased with increasing silica content, however, at the expense of optical transmittance and resolution. The optimized amount of silica was 10, 15, and 10 phr for red, green, and blue resists, respectively. At these dosages, the synthesized resists had high hardness of 4 H, good thermal stability, and optical performance that met industrial criteria. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: 163–171, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20247