bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
People Focused Safety: Implementing New Approaches in Russia - Lessons Learned
Authors: Samoylova O. , Gladysheva K. , Shishkoyedova N. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In the recent decades, the global exploration & production industry championed a persistent drive for an incident free working environment. A continued improvement commitment and efforts undertaken by the companies led to establishment of a comprehensive, well-structured suite of engineering controls, technological solutions, procedural guidelines and management systems intended for minimizing a risk of injury.
This systematic approach had a universally positive impact on the industry's safety performance indicators. However, with time it became commonly accepted that traditional risk management controls alone don't always work and that their effectiveness ultimately depends on the people who constantly make their own choices regarding what to do and how to behave. This is when the industry began to realize that a zero incident performance takes more than mechanically applying a management system – it requires the involvement of every individual employee, from top to bottom of the organization. In response to this, companies started to look for renewed ways for managing occupational hazards putting more focus on people, their attitude and behavior.
A relatively short history of the behavioral interventions is marked by a step change in safety performance. Companies employing culture enhancement concepts have demonstrated a sustained improvement trend secured by a proactive elimination of the at-risk behaviors. However, majority of the successful efforts in this area are confined to the Western world.
This paper talks about people focused safety being implemented by the oil operator in Russia's Western Siberia, the largest oil-producing region in the country. It discusses interim results and lessons learnt from our experience in creating a company that enables and encourages "right" HSE choices and safe behaviours at every company level. Authors hope that a real life local example will serve as a practical guide and information source for those companies working in the Russian Federation and worldwide that are now taking off on their journey towards a cultural evolution.
The Risk Of Introduction Of Alien Species At The Goliat Field In The Barents Sea And Risk Reducing Measures
Authors: Ulfsnes Amund , Dragsund Egil , Nissen-Lie Torild 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The International convention for the control and management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments was adopted by IMO in 2004, with the main aim to reduce the probability of dispersion of hazardous non indigenous species. Implementation of ballast water treatment systems is mandatory for all international vessels at the latest by 2016. The Norwegian government decided on ratifying the ballast water convention in 2006.
As part of the field development at Goliat in the Barents Sea, a study was performed in 2008 (DNV, 2008) to assess the consequences of the convention and evaluate the risk of introduction of non indigenous species from ballast water and fouling with two alternative development concepts:
Offshore processing, storage and offloading of crude oil, where the oil is exported by tankers Offshore processing with export on-shore by pipelines, prior to shipment with tankers or Subsea production with transportation through pipelines to processing facilities on-shore, prior to shipment with tankers
The evaluation of the probability of introduction of non indigenous species was based on identification of relevant organisms’ dispersion success to the Goliat field depending on:
Ecology of relevant species Environmental conditions in the donor- and the recipient area, as well as inside the ballast tanks Physical properties in the recipient area Different treatment of ballast water
Alien species already established in the southern part of Norway, will most likely have a natural northward dispersion; however, a more rapid development is anticipated with increased traffic. The offshore concept has the lowest risk for introduction and establishment of alien species.
The paper describes or highlights:
consequences of the International convention for the control and management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments approach to evaluate the risk of introduction of alien species proposals to reduce the risk of introduction for the analysed concepts
Delivering Project Value through Effective Stakeholder Engagement
Authors: Serrano Patricia 
Published: July 2010

Abstract:
This paper is based on the field and office work conducted by one Company's (the "Company's") employees as part of the implementation of the environmental, social, and health impact assessment process performed to execute a major project in Colombia.
The Company focused on stakeholder engagement. The effectiveness of stakeholder engagement can dramatically affect the success of the energy business.
The Company had a project in Northern Colombia, South America (the "Project"), where the country's largest indigenous group is also the landowner, (nearly 120, 000 non-Spanish speaking indigenous people). The Project went through a smooth and concurrent stakeholder consultation process. This was crucial to the Company receiving the required environmental permit on schedule and to establishing the foundation of a constructive relationship with all stakeholders.
A thorough understanding of the Wayuu culture was developed by National authorities, consultants, and Project staff. This relationship, along with a close follow-up on the permitting process and the implementation of the ¨Environmental Social and Health Impact Assessment (ESHIA) were key for the Project success.

Results, Observations, and Conclusions:
Best practices in community engagement are evolving and improving as new opportunities arise; the impact of the specific stakeholder relationship practices discussed above will be evaluated.

Significance of the subject matter:
As a direct result of the strategy used the Company's Health, Environment, and Safety (HES) and Policy, Government, and Public (PGPA) groups and to improved stakeholder relationships, the Company timely obtained the required permits and authorizations which led to a smooth project execution.
Catch me If you Can - Assuring Health Capability
Authors: Minshell Caroline 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION
"The right person in the right place doing the right job"
Managers selecting health personnel for projects and operations are often not aware of the capability required for each role or the roles required, with the expectation that health professionals are already trained and therefore capable. However, training does not always equate to safe and competent practice and standards differ across the World. To address health capability, BP's health function developed a project to assure capability globally within BP.

THE PROJECT

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PLAN
Capable health professionals are vital to a company's performance and reputation. Utilising many years of professional experience within and outside the organisation, tools were developed to define and identify gaps in capability and resourcing globally and a plan formulated to address any gaps.
HR and organisational capability functions and business segment leads were fully involved in the process and endorsed its application.
The plan now is to continue to assure competent and safe practice utilising the role profiles, competency online tool and functional mentors and provide global L&D opportunities to address any competency gaps.
Peoples in Voluntary Isolation, Hydrocarbon Exploration and Recommended Practices
Authors: Benalcazar Fernando L. , Ayarza Peter W. , Thurber Mark W. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Petroleum companies (Operators) are challenged by the potential presence of Peoples in Voluntary Isolation (PVIs) within remote petroleum concessions. Operators must evaluate the feasibility of conducting seismic exploration within pristine areas where PVIs could exist. One example is the Yasuni National Park in Ecuador, home to indigenous peoples, including a few tribal groups in voluntary isolation. The Park permits multiple uses, including biodiversity conservation, sustainable use of rainforest products, ecotourism, petroleum extraction, and a No-Go-Zone for the protection of PVIs. In a recent case, an Operator's concession overlapped 50% of a proposed No-Go-Zone detailed in a 1999 government decree. The conflicting uses had not been clearly delineated spatially or with a detailed management plan when the Operator acquired petroleum concessions in 2003. The Operator proactively supported government authorities in delineating the No-Go-Zone and raised awareness of the PVI issue in academic forums, workshops and in the national media, with a full understanding that a portion of their concession would be off limits to exploration. An internal company policy was established to avoid unintended contact with PVIs, even at the cost of restricting exploration activities. As a consequence, these No-Go-Zones were formally declared in an agreement among relevant Ministries in 2008. A mandatory code of conduct was established for areas adjacent to the NoGoZone to minimize exposure to PVIs. Working with the Operator, Walsh Environmental conducted a baseline study of a proposed exploration area adjacent to the NoGoZone. Historical accounts of contacts or sightings of PVIs, high resolution satellite imagery, helicopter over-flights, interviews with Waorani hunters and scouting trips were used to define probable areas of PVI use. Two seismic programs adjacent to NoGoZones were rejected in the impact assessment process because they intersected with the use areas of PVIs. Guidelines entitled "PVIs: Practice Guide for Working in Sensitive Areas" established practices for an unintended encounter with PVIs. The Operator defined a process for evaluating the PVI issue in a transparent manner with government officials and stakeholders. They accepted the operational and economic impact of not proceeding with exploration in portions of the concession to protect the PVIs.
Health Impact Assessment (HIA): The Value of HIA in Integrated Environment, Social and Health Impact Assessments
Authors: Frangos Stephen , Barron Tania , Dea Christopher 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Environmental, Social and Health Impact Assessments (ESHIA) seek to identify and assess potential project impacts in a formal and structured manner. The ESHIA process not only helps to meet regulatory requirements, it also helps manage risk and increase transparency in the development of new projects for the local community, which can in the community and can be inbe integral to the success of major capital projects. Community engagement (CE) is essential to the ESHIA process, particularly Social Impact Assessment (SIA), as it allows potentially affected community members to participate and address local concerns, instead of relying solely on experts’ views. By engaging key stakeholders, CE can help better identify and support the social and economic interests well-being of communities where we operate, while supporting local business needs. Adequately mapping and linking relationships between the environmental, social and health components is necessary to identify important potential impacts that may be missed when these components are assessed in isolation. In this respect, the Health Impact Assessment (HIA) plays a unique role in the integration of environmental, social and health impact assessments –which add value not only for communities but companies as well.. Integration of ‘public health’ is the last component necessary to comprehensively assess potential impacts from major capital projects. This paper discusses: 1) the societal and business value of integrating ‘public health’ into the impact assessment process; 2) the components of an integrated ESHIA and the role HIA plays within the process; 3) the rationale for conducting integrated ESHIAs; and 4) how ESHIA can help companies fulfill their corporate level social responsibility commitments. To illustrate the importance of using an integrated approach and the limitations of using an isolated approach, we provide specific examples and present two original case studies of the integrated applications of ESHIA and HIA impact assessments. The application of the information provided in this paper will be of broad interest to companies and impact assessment practitioners involved in the development and assessment of Greenfield projects and enhancement of existing operations where there are potential environmental, social and health impacts.
Using Long Term Disability Data to Improve Worker Health and Disability Accommodation Efforts
Authors: Hall Cynthia , Buford Deena 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
An aging workforce combined with the rapid rise of chronic health conditions has had a negative impact on workplace productivity and contributed to rising long-term disability rates. Because long-term disability often heralds the presence of health impairments that cannot be accommodated easily in today's downsized work environments, increased long-term disability rates rob a company of experienced employees, the most valuable asset. Therefore, it is important for companies to understand the health status of their employee population for the purpose of providing programs that will better address early detection, treatment, and prevention of chronic disease. This retrospective study reviews employees in one major U. S. petrochemical company and the types of conditions driving long-term disability rates. Opportunities such as vocational rehabilitation, disease management programs, and the role of the corporate medical department are discussed. Utilization of aggregate data on health conditions, combined with early intervention, and a supportive corporate environment may aid in effective management of some of these cases. Companies should adopt a more proactive approach to health by actively monitoring and promoting the health of their employees in a variety of ways, including the collection of data describing long-term disability drivers. Information development in this area can be used to design benefit strategies as well as return to work and on-site health promotion programs. Additionally, understanding common causes of disability can help occupational health practitioners retain staff trained to provide guidance for healthcare services to this population. Review of long-term disability data is critical in understanding the continuum of conditions that result in permanently diminished occupational capabilities. Early identification of the causes of disability may aid in the development of proactive programs and may stimulate workplace accommodation strategies.
The Environmental Roadmap: A Management Tool to Address Critical Project Environmental Management Issues
Authors: Kolesnikov Eugene , Huber Erik , Geyer Thorsten , Ford Susan , Putov Victor 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Many decisions of critical importance to project success are taken at an early project stage. These decisions are increasingly expensive to reverse as the project matures. Identifying critical environmental management issues and incorporating them into the strategic decision making process at this stage can greatly benefit projects executed in a particularly sensitive natural, social, regulatory and political environment. Early Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) may be undertaken to provide input into this process. However, ESIA requires substantial input data that may not be available at this stage. Alternatively, a simple identification of key environmental and social issues may be conducted using available information. Although beneficial, these traditional methodologies cannot address the full range of critical environmental management issues. The Environmental Roadmap methodology and tool has been developed to overcome these limitations.
The Environmental Roadmap combines critical issue identification, decision support analysis, and integrated project planning into a single decision support package for the project management team. The criticality of an environmental management issue is determined by its potential to drive project development decisions. Decision support analysis includes, inter alia, evaluation of main project options in terms of environmental and social sensitivities, effects on schedule and cost, and impact on stakeholder relationships. Integrated project planning is conducted to map key environmental management activities and deliverables as a single interrelated process flow that includes management of regulatory approvals, lender interface, public consultation and stakeholder engagement, engineering and project execution interface, environmental risk management, and review and assurance processes.
The Environmental Roadmap methodology and tool has been successfully applied during an early stage of an oil development project offshore Sakhalin Island, Russia.
Technically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (Tenorm) - How Much Do We Really Know?
Authors: Barclay Bill , Zamfir Sorin 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), has been in existence since the Big Bang. With industrial practices involving natural resources, this material can also be classified in its technically enhanced form (TENORM). Much has been documented and published on this subject; however, within our industry there is a need to better educate our collegues on the understanding of what TENORM is, how it should be handled, who should be responsible for it, what precautions are required, and the local, national, and international regulatory and safe-handling information. The issues related to TENORM are extremely relevant to numerous sectors of the oil and gas industry, including the area of electrical submersible pumps (ESPs). ESPs can become contaminated by TENORM and may then present exposure risks to personnel and equipment. Thus, those working with ESPs must understand the risks, safety limits, contamination prevention, effects on equipment, decontamination, disposal methods, and the legalities involved. The information included in this paper is conveyed in such a manner that it can be disseminated to the appropriate workforce.
Naturally occurring radioactive material NORM or, as it is sometimes referred to, Low Specific Activity (LSA) material, is everywhere and as the earth is a radioactive environment each and every one of us is exposed to it every day. In fact, it has been around since the "Big Bang" and we continue to be exposed to it both in terms of our natural environment and the cosmic radiation coming from space. Scientists estimate that around 100,000 cosmic ray neutrons and 400,000 secondary cosmic rays penetrate our bodies every hour. Additionally, around 200,000,000 gamma rays which are emitted from the ground also pass through our bodies every hour. It is also estimated that we breathe 30,000 atoms of radioactive elements (Radon, Polonium, Bismuth and Lead) each hour and within our bodies about 15,000,000 radioactive Potassium 40 atoms disintegrate every hour.
Living systems have adapted to these levels of radiation and radioactivity and humans apparently suffer no ill effect from this. The levels vary significantly across different regions of the earth and there is no correlation between these variations and the incidence of radiation-induced illness. However, some industrial practices that involve natural resources concentrate these radionuclides to a level that has the potential to result in risk to humans and the environment, if they are not controlled properly.
Mapping of Work Situations in Order to Improve Working Conditions in Offshore Projects
Authors: Silva G. , Duarte F. , Garotti L. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper presents a work situations mapping of the production and maintenance teams of a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) with transformation potential in future projects. The mapping presented herein was based on the operation and maintenance teams’ experience of an FPSO operating in the Campos Basin. This platform was visited ten times during two years of work period. The methodology used consisted in following-up the work activity, followed by interviews and verbalizations with the operators. The objective was to understand the transformation demands from the user's perspective, by following up on the main maneuvers carried out on different equipment and productive subsystems.
The analysis of the work evidenced characteristics that should be kept and others that can be changed in future projects, with the objective of increasing the operation reliability and reduce work demands and effort to execute some operations.
Particularly, ultra deep waters projects, located far away from the shore, with inherent logistics difficulties and high operation cost, will demand considerable innovation efforts to withstand the characteristics of new production regions such as the Pre-Salt. This innovation should happen on solid basis and effectively considering the needs of future operation and maintenance teams. So, this research tried to rescue experiences in the recent past to improve work conditions in the new platforms.
In order to support designers of pipelines area, among others, the change demands were identified from the following work characteristics: ■Physical load (efforts, postures, access difficulties);■Potentiality of reducing physical effort and even the number of operators involved in the task (operation facility);■Importance of the activity for the operation reliability and the platform functioning.
It is important to mention that the physical load (particularly related to low-back pain and tendonitis) is identified as the main cause of workers’ absenteeism on oil platforms. The manual operations performed under temporal pressure and conditions that increase physical effort remain high even in automated plants.
Toxicological Studies from Brazilian Asphalt Fumes
Authors: Cravo M. C. , Leite L. F. , Martins A. T. , Monteiro R. J. , Azevedo R. A. , Bohrer D. , Nascimento P. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The potential carcinogenicity of bitumen has been attributed to Polycyclic Aromatics Hydrocarbons (PAH) presents in its composition. Depending on the type of the asphalt and its laying temperature (between 110°C and 165°C), different quantities of various PAH compounds can be found in fumes of asphalt and can be taken up by inhalation. Moreover, depending on the viscosity of the product, PAH also can be taken up by dermal absorption. Considering the chemistry of asphalt fumes is very complex and varies according to the source of the crude oil, it is necessary to conduct a specific study about the toxicological potential from Brazilian bitumen fumes. This paper presents the first step in the research that we are carrying out to evaluate the Brazilian asphalt fumes. In this work there are two fundamental goals: the first one is to develop a device, representative of the typical working conditions, that includes to heat up the bitumen samples at different temperatures, generate fumes and catch them in a adsorbing tube (for the fumes) and in a filter (for the particulate matter), just in the same way that is used for monitoring the workers in the breathing. The second goal is to analyze the material and identify the presence and the quantity of the PAH by a liquid chromatograph (HPLC). It is known that the fumes are a mixture of thousands of organics compounds