bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La «scène terroriste» : réflexions théoriques autour de l'«ancien» et du «nouveau» terrorisme
Authors: Mégie Antoine 
Published: January 2011

Résumé.Cette note de recherche se propose d'interroger le fait terroriste à travers une étude du paradigme faisant du terrorisme post-11 septembre 2001 un phénomène «nouveau». L'intérêt de cette contribution est d'examiner précisément la validité de ces études tout en dégageant une approche singulière du terrorisme en tant qu'objet de recherche. Grâce à l'élargissement de la focale d'analyse à un ensemble hétérogène d'acteurs (pouvoirs politiques et de sécurité, médias, opinions publiques), nous proposons une lecture en termes de «scène terroriste». Ne pas se centrer exclusivement sur l'étude des groupes revendiquant la violence politique offre la possibilité de poser de manière renouvelée la question de la nouveauté du terrorisme post-11 septembre comme phénomène politique à part entière.Abstract.The aim of this contribution consists in analyzing the “terrorism” through the academic and political struggles about the paradigm of the “new terrorism” since the events of 9/11. Thanks to the exploration of the real difference between “old” and “new” forms of terrorism, this research note argues the interest of a specific research design which implies multiplying levels and focus of analysis from the terrorism groups to counterterrorism actors, society and media. This approach in terms of “scène terroriste” asks in a new point of view the question of continuity of political violence since the bombing attacks of 9/11.
Is There a Progressive's Dilemma in Canada? Immigration, Multiculturalism and the Welfare State
Authors: Banting Keith G. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract.There is a widespread fear in many western nations that ethnic diversity is eroding support for the welfare state. This article examines such fears in the Canadian context. In-depth analysis of public attitudes finds remarkably little tension between ethnic diversity and public support for social programs in Canada. At first glance, then, the country seems to demonstrate the political viability of a multicultural welfare state. But this pattern reflects distinctive features of the institutional context within which public attitudes evolve. The Canadian policy regime has forestalled tension between diversity and redistribution by diverting adjustment pressures from the welfare state, absorbing some of them in other parts of the policy regime, and nurturing a more inclusive form of identity. These institutional buffers are thinning, however, potentially increasing the danger of greater tension between diversity and redistribution in the years to come.Résumé. On craint généralement dans de nombreux pays occidentaux que l'immigration et la diversité ethnique de plus en plus grande soient en train d'éroder l'appui accordé à l'État-providence. Cet article porte sur de telles inquiétudes au sein du Canada. Une analyse approfondie des attitudes du public dévoile qu'il existe remarquablement peu de tension entre la diversité ethnique et l'appui du public à l'endroit des programmes sociaux du Canada. À première vue, le pays semble donc démontrer la viabilité politique d'un État-providence multiculturel. Mais cette tendance reflète les traits distinctifs du contexte institutionnel au sein duquel évoluent les attitudes du public. Le régime de politiques canadiennes fait échec à la tension entre la diversité et la redistribution en soustrayant de l'État-providence diverses pressions d'ajustement et en favorisant une forme d'identité plus inclusive. Certains de ces mécanismes de tampon institutionnels disparaissent progressivement, ce qui peut accroître le danger d'une tension accrue entre la diversité et la redistribution dans les années à venir.
METHYL XANTHINE AS A POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVE TO GIBBERELLIC ACID IN ENHANCING FRUIT SET AND QUALITY IN CLEMENTINE CITRUS TREES IN SPAIN
Authors: QUIÑONES ANA , MARTÍNEZ-ALCÁNTARA BELÉN , SAN-FRANCISCO SARA , GARCÍA-MINA JOSÉ MARÍA , LEGAZ FRANCISCO 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYCitrus clementine cv. ‘Nules’ is a seedless mandarin with excellent quality for consumption as fresh fruit; however, its poor fruit set leads to an excess of small-sized fruits. Currently, the only available practice to increase fruit set is the use of the growth regulator gibberellic acid (GA3) as a foliar spray. A trial was conducted to compare an environmentally friendly new bioregulator (MX), containing methyl-xanthine, to GA3in terms of increasing fruit set and yield of clementine cv. Nules mandarin trees. Fruit yield was significantly increased in treated trees from 17.4 to 25.7% for GA3and MX treatments, respectively, compared to untreated control trees, without any significant differences between the growth regulators. At the tested doses, MX performed similarly to GA3in terms of fruit quality and nutrient content, while colour index was not affected significantly by this new bioregulator. A single foliar application of MX was enough to increase fruit set. Spray application of MX on clementine mandarins at the end of the flowering period, when all petals have fallen showed a similar response to GA3treatments.
COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS AND TREATMENT-SEEKING BEHAVIOUR REGARDING REPRODUCTIVE TRACT INFECTIONS INCLUDING SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN LAO PDR: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: SIHAVONG AMPHOY , LUNDBORG CECILIA STÅLSBY , SYHAKHANG LAMPHONE , KOUNNAVONG SENGCHANH , WAHLSTRÖM ROLF , FREUDENTHAL SOLVEIG 
Published: January 2011

SummaryCreating community awareness of reproductive tract infections (RTI), including sexually transmitted infections (STI), and how to prevent them is essential to minimize their spread. Data on people's views about RTI/STI are entirely lacking in Laos. The aim of this study was thus to explore people's perceptions, treatment-seeking behaviour and understanding of information about RTI/STI, in urban and rural communities in two provinces in Laos. Fourteen focus group discussions and 20 in-depth interviews were held with 76 women and 56 men, selected purposively to provide diversity of socio-demographic backgrounds. Qualitative content analysis was employed for the data analysis. The major finding was that both male and female participants had a variety of misconceptions about the causes and symptoms of RTI/STI and their cure, and a reluctance to seek health care, which could cause delay in appropriate diagnosis and treatment. The most common treatment-seeking behaviour was self-medication through private pharmacies, following advice mostly given by friends and drug sellers. The main reasons for not going to health facilities were fear of social discrimination or shyness of genital examination. Complaints were also made about clinicians' negative attitudes towards ‘dirty disease’. Although condom use was mentioned as a way to prevent RTI/STI, an unwillingness to use condoms was commonly expressed. The main media sources of RTI/STI information were radio and television, and access to health information was more difficult in rural areas. The health messages provided were mostly understood, except for some technical terms. The findings indicate that strengthening health education and promotion through interventions at the community level is recommended to improve quality of RTI/STI management. Health education messages should be more accessible in rural areas. There is also an urgent need to improve communication between RTI/STI patients and clinicians.
Emotional triggering and low socio-economic status as determinants of depression following acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Steptoe A. , Molloy G. J. , Messerly-Bürgy N. , Wikman A. , Randall G. , Perkins-Porras L. , Kaski J. C. 
Published: January 2011

BackgroundThe determinants of depression following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are poorly understood. Triggering of ACS by emotional stress and low socio-economic status (SES) are predictors of adverse outcomes. We therefore investigated whether emotional triggering and low SES predict depression and anxiety following ACS.MethodThis prospective observational clinical cohort study involved 298 patients with clinically verified ACS. Emotional stress was assessed for the 2 h before symptom onset and compared with the equivalent period 24 h earlier using case-crossover methods. SES was defined by household income and education. Depression was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and anxiety with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 3 weeks after ACS and again at 6 and 12 months. Age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score, duration of hospital stay and history of depression were included as covariates.ResultsEmotional stress during the 2-h hazard period was associated with increased risk of ACS (odds ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.01–3.61). Both low income and emotional triggering predicted depression and anxiety at 3 weeks and 6/12 months independently of covariates. The two factors interacted, with the greatest depression and anxiety in lower income patients who experienced acute emotional stress. Education was not related to depression.ConclusionsPatients who experience acute emotional stress during their ACS and are lower SES as defined by current affluence and access to resources are particularly vulnerable to subsequent depression and anxiety.
The Simulation of Smiles (SIMS) model: Embodied simulation and the meaning of facial expression
Authors: Niedenthal Paula M. , Mermillod Martial , Maringer Marcus , Hess Ursula 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRecent application of theories of embodied or grounded cognition to the recognition and interpretation of facial expression of emotion has led to an explosion of research in psychology and the neurosciences. However, despite the accelerating number of reported findings, it remains unclear how the many component processes of emotion and their neural mechanisms actually support embodied simulation. Equally unclear is what triggers the use of embodied simulation versus perceptual or conceptual strategies in determining meaning. The present article integrates behavioral research from social psychology with recent research in neurosciences in order to provide coherence to the extant and future research on this topic. The roles of several of the brain's reward systems, and the amygdala, somatosensory cortices, and motor centers are examined. These are then linked to behavioral and brain research on facial mimicry and eye gaze. Articulation of the mediators and moderators of facial mimicry and gaze are particularly useful in guiding interpretation of relevant findings from neurosciences. Finally, a model of the processing of the smile, the most complex of the facial expressions, is presented as a means to illustrate how to advance the application of theories of embodied cognition in the study of facial expression of emotion.
Cultural variations on the SIMS model
Authors: Covas-Smith Christine M. , Fine Justin , Glenberg Arthur M. , Keylor Eric , Li Yexin Jessica , Marsh Elizabeth , Osborne Elizabeth A. , Soliman Tamer , Yee Claire 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNiedenthal et al. recognize that cultural differences are important when interpreting facial expressions. Nonetheless, many of their core observations derive more from individualistic cultures than from collectivist cultures. We discuss two examples from the latter: (1) lower rates of mutual eye contact, and (2) the ubiquity of specific “functional smiles.” These examples suggest constraints on the assumptions and applicability of the SIMS model.
Le bon dieu est dans le detail: Is smiling the recognition of happiness?
Authors: Fernández-Dols José-Miguel , Carrera Pilar 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe question two conceptual assumptions made by Niedenthal et al.: the dichotomy between true and false smiles and the close tie between recognition and experience of emotion. An excessive dependence on everyday language suggests overly parsimonious accounts of a complex set of relations between smile, experience, and context.
Does motor mimicry contribute to emotion recognition?
Authors: Hamon-Hill Cindy , Barresi John 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe focus on the role that motor mimicry plays in the SIMS model when interpreting whether a facial emotional expression is appropriate to an eliciting context. Based on our research, we find general support for the SIMS model in these situations, but with some qualifications on how disruption of motor mimicry as a process relates to speed and accuracy in judgments.
The proximate mechanisms and ultimate functions of smiles
Authors: Mehu Marc , N'Diaye Karim 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNiedenthal et al's classification of smiles erroneously conflates psychological mechanisms and adaptive functions. This confusion weakens the rationale behind the types of smiles they chose to individuate, and it obfuscates the distinction between the communicative versus denotative nature of smiles and the role of perceived-gaze direction in emotion recognition.
Baby smile response circuits of the parental brain
Authors: Swain James E. , Ho S. Shaun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe parent-infant dyad, characterized by contingent social interactions that develop over the first three months postpartum, may depend heavily on parental brain responses to the infant, including the capacity to smile. A range of brain regions may subserve this social key function in parents and contribute to similar capacities in normal infants, capacities that may go awry in circumstances of reduced care.
The future of SIMS: Who embodies which smile and when?
Authors: Niedenthal Paula M. , Mermillod Martial , Maringer Marcus , Hess Ursula 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe set of 30 stimulating commentaries on our target article helps to define the areas of our initial position that should be reiterated or else made clearer and, more importantly, the ways in which moderators of and extensions to the SIMS can be imagined. In our response, we divide the areas of discussion into (1) a clarification of our meaning of “functional,” (2) a consideration of our proposed categories of smiles, (3) a reminder about the role of top-down processes in the interpretation of smile meaning in SIMS, (4) an evaluation of the role of eye contact in the interpretation of facial expression of emotion, and (5) an assessment of the possible moderators of the core SIMS model. We end with an appreciation of the proposed extensions to the model, and note that the future of research on the problem of the smile appears to us to be assured.
Circulation of Aichi virus genotype B strains in children with acute gastroenteritis in India
Authors: VERMA H. , CHITAMBAR S. D. , GOPALKRISHNA V. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYAcute gastroenteritis (AG) is considered as one of the major health problems affecting humans of all ages. A number of viruses have been recognized as important causes of this disease. Recently, Aichi virus has been shown to play an aetiological role in sporadic infections and outbreaks of AG. A study on surveillance of enteric viruses was conducted during 2004–2008 in three cities in Maharashtra state, western India. A total of 1240 stool specimens from children aged ⩽8 years hospitalized for AG were screened for the presence of Aichi virus by RT–PCR of the 3C–3D junction region followed by sequencing for the identification of genotype. Aichi virus was detected at a prevalence of 1·1% in the <5 years age group and characterized as genotype B. This is the first report on the circulation of Aichi virus genotype B in India.
Facemasks and intensified hand hygiene in a German household trial during the 2009/2010 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic: adherence and tolerability in children and adults
Authors: SUESS T. , REMSCHMIDT C. , SCHINK S. , LUCHTENBERG M. , HAAS W. , KRAUSE G. , BUCHHOLZ U. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) such as facemasks and intensified hand hygiene may be effective in preventing influenza infections in households. It may be equally important that household members, especially children, can learn to use, maintain and tolerate these measures. We monitored adherence and tolerability of these NPI within a cluster-randomized trial in households with influenza index patients. We recruited 147 participants in 41 households, 39 (95%) out of 41 index patients were children (aged <14 years). In households assigned to wear facemasks, their use peaked on day 4 after symptom onset of the index patient at 73% and at 65% for children and adults, respectively. Mean daily frequency of hand disinfection in households assigned to intensified hand hygiene measures peaked at 7·7 (day 6) for children and at 10·1 (day 5) for adults. The majority of participants reported no problems with mask wearing. Data suggest that usage of NPI can be taught and that measures are well tolerated by adults and even sick children alike.
17 years of integrated research, monitoring, and management of HWA and hemlock ecosystems at Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area
Authors: Evans Richard 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDelaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (“the park”) covers 28,000 ha along the Delaware River in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Eastern hemlock forests cover 2,200 ha (8%) of the park, and are often associated with trout streams and scenic waterfalls. Activities like trout fishing, bird watching, and hiking are concentrated in hemlock forests, and many of these areas are officially designated as “Outstanding Natural Features” having “high intrinsic or unique values.” In 1989 hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) was detected in the park, and since 1993 the park has conducted a program to address the threats that hemlock woolly adelgid and hemlock decline poses to park resources. This program includes annual monitoring of HWA populations and hemlock tree health in permanent plots, studies of hemlock ecosystems and associated biodiversity, and efforts to suppress HWA infestations and maintain hemlock ecosystems in the park. Questions addressed include: What are the distinctive characteristics of hemlock ecosystems in the park? What effects do HWA infestations have on hemlock health? What is the rate and extent of hemlock decline and mortality? How effective are insecticides and biological controls at suppressing HWA infestations and sustaining hemlock health? What are the ecological effects of hemlock decline?Sustained monitoring and research in the park during the past 17 years have provided answers to these questions and informed management. Streams draining hemlock forests are 1oC–2oC cooler in summer, hydrologically more stable, three times more likely to support trout, and typically support 30% more species of aquatic insects than streams draining hardwood forests. Birds such as blackburnian warblers, black-throated green warblers, and blue-headed vireos are very strongly associated with hemlock forests in the park. Permanent plot trees first became infested with HWA in 1998, and by 2008 no healthy hemlocks remained, and 30% had died. A dendrochronology study in the park concluded that every 1% increase in average plot HWA infestation level resulted in an 8% increase in the likelihood of a tree being in decline. Mathematical models indicate that hemlock mortality in the park will reach 50% by 2015, and 80% between 2020 and 2030. Although we have released over 90,000 biocontrol beetles in the past ten years, they have not controlled HWA populations. Insecticides effectively suppress HWA populations and sustain tree health, and we have treated about 10,000 individual trees to date. Continued hemlock decline will have major effects on park ecosystems and biodiversity.
An intrinsically disordered C terminus allows the La protein to assist the biogenesis of diverse noncoding RNA precursors
Authors: Kucera Nathan J. , Hodsdon Michael E. , Wolin Sandra L. 
Published: January 2011

The La protein binds the 3′ ends of many newly synthesized noncoding RNAs, protecting these RNAs from nucleases and influencing folding, maturation, and ribonucleoprotein assembly. Although 3′ end binding by La involves the N-terminal La domain and adjacent RNA recognition motif (RRM), the mechanisms by which La stabilizes diverse RNAs from nucleases and assists subsequent events in their biogenesis are unknown. Here we report that a conserved feature of La proteins, an intrinsically disordered C terminus, is required for the accumulation of certain noncoding RNA precursors and for the role of the
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
La protein Lhp1p in assisting formation of correctly folded pre-tRNA anticodon stems in vivo. Footprinting experiments using purified Lhp1p reveal that the C terminus is required to protect a pre-tRNA anticodon stem from chemical modification. Although the C terminus of Lhp1p is hypersensitive to proteases in vitro, it becomes protease-resistant upon binding pre-tRNAs, U6 RNA, or pre-5S rRNA. Thus, while high affinity binding to 3′ ends requires the La domain and RRM, a conformationally flexible C terminus allows La to interact productively with a diversity of noncoding RNA precursors. We propose that intrinsically disordered domains adjacent to well characterized RNA-binding motifs in other promiscuous RNA-binding proteins may similarly contribute to the ability of these proteins to influence the cellular fates of multiple distinct RNA targets.
Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) movement off the coast of Taiwan: characterization of a hotspot in the East China Sea and investigation of mesoscale eddies
Authors: Kobayashi Donald R. , Cheng I-Jiunn , Parker Denise M. , Polovina Jeffrey J. , Kamezaki Naoki , Balazs George H. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Kobayashi, D. R., Cheng, I-J., Parker, D. M., Polovina, J. J., Kamezaki, N., and Balazs, G. H. 2011. Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) movement off the coast of Taiwan: characterization of a hotspot in the East China Sea and investigation of mesoscale eddies. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 707–718. Satellite tags were attached to 34 non-reproductive loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) caught as bycatch in the Taiwanese coastal poundnet fishery from 2002 to 2008. Transmission durations ranged from 6 to 503 d (median 172 d), with 5860 d tracked in total. Horizontal track data were processed using the Bayesian state-space modelling to extract the most likely daily positions, taking into account ARGOS data quality and other forms of statistical error. A region of high occupancy in the East China Sea, covering 433 549 km2 of coastal and pelagic area next to Taiwan, China, Japan, and South Korea, was characterized from the tracking data. Various attributes of this hotspot are described using satellite tracks and remotely sensed data. The tracks were merged with oceanographic data, emphasizing a new global dataset characterizing mesoscale eddies from satellite altimetry data. A proximity-probability approach coupled with odds ratio testing was used to infer orientation to eddy features. Comparisons against random points, simulated particle tracks, and drifter buoys were used to demonstrate turtle differential responses to eddies inside and outside the hotspot, depending on eddy features (i.e. cyclonic vs. anticyclonic, edges vs. centres). Turtles inside the hotspot utilize fewer strong cyclonic eddy edges than those outside.