bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Dye‐Sensitized SnO2 Nanowire Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Wu Hsing‐Chen , Huang Yuan‐Chang , Ding I‐Kang , Chen Chun‐Cing , Yang Yi‐Han , Tsai Chia‐Chang , Chen Chii‐Dong , Chen Yit‐Tsong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractElectron transfer from excited dye molecules (chlorophyll or fluorescein) to a semiconductor is demonstrated by photoaction and photoluminescence spectra on field‐effect transistors consisting of dye‐sensitized individual SnO2 nanowires. The photoaction spectrum shows a much better resolution for nanowires non‐covalently functionalized with dye molecules than for dyes deposited on SnO2 nanoparticle‐films. Possible reasons for the deviation between the photoaction spectra and ordinary optical absorption spectra as well as for the current‐tail appearing along the falling edge are addressed. In dye‐sensitized nanowires, electron transfer from photo‐excited dyes to nanowires is analyzed by comparing gate‐voltage dependences in photoaction and photoluminescence spectra. The importance of this study is in the understanding of electron injection and recombination provided, as well as the performance optimization of nanowire‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells.
Kinda baboons (Papio kindae) and grayfoot chacma baboons (P. ursinus griseipes) hybridize in the Kafue river valley, Zambia
Authors: Jolly C.J. , Burrell A.S. , Phillips‐Conroy J.E. , Bergey C. , Rogers J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe ranges of small kinda (Papio kindae) and much larger grayfooted chacma (P. ursinus griseipes) baboons adjoin in the Kafue National Park, Zambia. In a visual survey of baboons at 48 sites in the Kafue River drainage we found that, contrary to previous reports, groups at the species interface near the town of Ngoma are phenotypically diverse and presumably formed by multigenerational hybridization. Mitochondrial and/or Y‐chromosome genetic markers from fecal samples (N=164) collected at 29 sites support this conclusion. Groups with phenotypic signs of a history of hybridization also had taxon‐specific mitochondria and Y‐haplotypes from both parental species. Although the distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes largely mirrored that of external phenotypes, a significant proportion of male specimens from grayfoot as well as hybrid groups carried kinda Y‐chromosomes, and kinda Y‐chromosomes were involved in all observed cases of mitochondrial/Y‐chromosome discordance. These observations are consistent with, though they do not prove, a population history in which the range of chacmas and the hybrid zone have advanced at the expense of the kinda range. They also suggest that, unexpectedly, kinda male×chacma female matings are much more common than the reciprocal cross in the ancestry of hybrids. We suggest that distinctive male kinda behavior and the “juvenile” appearance of kinda baboons of both sexes, perhaps combined with obstetric difficulties of a small kinda female carrying the large offspring of a chacma male, may account for this bias. Am. J. Primatol. 73:291–303, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Introduction to the special section: “The effects of bonds between human and nonhuman primates on primatological research and practice”
Authors: Vitale Augusto , Pollo Simone 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis commentary introduces this special section on “The Effects of Bonds Between Human and Nonhuman Primates on Primatological Research and Practice.” The aim is to explore the different causes and consequences of bonding experiences between observers and observed in different primatological contexts. In the first contribution, Vitale asks what are the possible consequences of such bonding in behavioral primatology. Examples of beneficial consequences of this kind of relationship come from studies on cognitive abilities of great apes. Furthermore, an empathic attitude with the experimental animals leads to better care and attention toward individual welfare needs. Coleman discusses the particular case of nonhuman primates housed in research laboratories. Care‐giving practices are discussed in relation to scientific, ethical and emotional issues. Morimura et al. present the case of the first Japanese sanctuary for retiring chimpanzees from research where, in order to facilitate the social living of re‐located chimpanzees, face‐to‐face interactions between caregivers and chimpanzees are essential. Asquith discusses the role of anthropomorphism, and proposes that this attitude can help to better understand the lives of primates, in more contextualized scenarios. In relation to this view, she emphasizes how the term “primate culture” accords with some definition of the term “human culture.” Fuentes, in his article asks whether national, class and ethnic characteristics can influence bonding between human and nonhuman primates, and calls for focused quantitative studies. Finally, Rose calls for the application of the concept of biosynergy, explained as promoting the formation of healthy and sustainable bonding relationships among living creatures. One of the most important aspects emerging from these papers is the need to better understand whether the issue of bonding in primatological studies can be generalized to other areas of research such as conservation, behavior, captive care, or whether each of these disciplines needs to develop their own understanding of the effects of bonding in “producing science.” Am. J. Primatol. 73:211–213, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polarization contrast linear spectroscopies for cubic semiconductors under stress: macro‐ and micro‐reflectance difference spectroscopies
Authors: Lastras‐Martínez L.F. , Balderas‐Navarro R.E. , Castro‐García R. , Herrera‐Jasso R. , Chavira‐Rodríguez M. , Lastras‐Martínez A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe technique to measure optical anisotropies (OA) in cubic semiconductors is termed either reflectance difference spectroscopy (RDS) or reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS). In this paper we report on the application of RDS/RAS to a number of cubic semiconductors. We discuss RD spectra of GaAs, Si, CdTe, GaP, InP and GaSb (001) surfaces, induced by an uniaxial stress applied along [110] crystal directions. We show that all RD spectra can be explained in terms of a phenomenological model based on a perturbative Hamiltonian. We further report on measurements of spatial‐resolved RDS measurements of GaAs employing a newly developed micro‐RD spectrometer with a spatial resolution of 5 µm.
Influence of fumed silica on the flame‐retardant properties of ethylene vinyl acetate/aluminum hydroxide composites
Authors: Jiao Chuan‐Mei , Chen Xi‐Lei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe flammability and synergistic flame‐retardant effects of fumed silica (SiO2) in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/aluminum hydroxide (ATH) blends were studied with limiting oxygen index measurements, UL 94 testing, cone calorimeter testing (CONE), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that the addition of a given amount of fumed SiO2 can apparently improve UL 94 rating. The CONE data indicated that the addition of fumed SiO2 greatly reduced the heat release rate. The TGA data showed that this synergistic flame‐retardant mechanism of fumed SiO2 in the EVA/ATH materials was mainly due to the physical process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of epoxy oligomer on viscoelasticity of acrylic polymer
Authors: Uematsu Hideyuki , Aoki Yuji , Sugimoto Masataka , Koyama Kiyohito 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLinear and nonlinear viscoelasticity of an adhesion material for integrated circuit chips were investigated to control the processability. The material consists of acrylic polymer (AP) and epoxy oligomer (EP). EP content in AP/EP blend is 70 vol %. From the linear viscoelasticity, it was found that the iso‐free volume state of AP/EP blend was 20°C lower than that of AP and the entanglement molecular weight Me of AP/EP was three times higher than that of AP. Nonlinear stress relaxation modulus G(t,γ) showed that the time‐strain separability, G(t,γ) = G(t)h(γ), was applicable at long time above a characteristic time τk, where G(t) is linear relaxation modulus and h(γ) is the damping function. The τk value was estimated to be 10 s for AP/EP and below 0.1 s for AP at an iso‐free volume state. (h(γ) for AP and AP/EP behaved like a usual linear homopolymer.) The time evolution of the elongational viscosity ηE(t) of each sample showed that AP/EP system exhibited strong strain hardening at
$\dot {\varepsilon} \geq 0.3 \ {\rm s}^{-1}$, although AP did not show strain hardening at strain rate measured, when the data were compared at an iso‐free volume state. These results strongly suggest that the strain hardening behavior of AP/EP is attributable to enhancement of the stretch of AP polymer chains by diluting EP oligomer chains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Properties and thermal degradation kinetics of polystyrene/organoclay nanocomposites synthesized by solvent blending method: Effect of processing conditions and organoclay loading
Authors: Krishna S. V. , Pugazhenthi G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this study, intercalated/exfoliated polystyrene (PS)/organoclay nanocomposites containing different concentration of organoclay have been prepared via solvent blending method, using xylene as a solvent. Some resulting intercalated nanocomposites are transformed to exfoliated nanocomposites by increasing the refluxing temperature or refluxing time for a constant organoclay loading. The X‐ray diffraction results reveal the formation of intercalation/exfoliation of organoclay in the PS matrix. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy results confirm the presence of nanomaterial in PS/organoclay nanocomposites. Completely exfoliated nanocomposites are achieved by decreasing the content of organoclay and elongating the refluxing temperature or refluxing time. Thermogravimetric analysis data show that the PS/organoclay nanocomposites have significant enhanced thermal stability. When 50% weight loss is selected as a point of comparison, the thermal decomposition temperature (Td) of the exfoliated PS/organoclay nanocomposites with 7 wt % of organoclay is 17°C higher than that of pure PS. Thermal decomposition temperature of exfoliated PS/organoclay nanocomposites is better than that of intercalated nanocomposites for a constant organoclay loading. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of PS/organoclay nanocomposites is ∼ 7.1–8.6°C higher than that of pure PS. The thermal degradation activation energy of the nanocomposites is determined via Coats‐Redfern method. The improvement of thermal stability of nanocomposites is also confirmed by increasing the activation energies (Ea) and the integral procedural decomposition temperature. Criado method is finally used to determine the degradation reaction mechanism of various samples. The water uptake capacity of PS/organoclay nanocomposites is negligible when compared with pure PS. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Applications and future challenges in marine species distribution modeling
Authors: Dambach Johannes , Rödder Dennis 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change affects both phenology and distribution patterns of the world's biota including marine species. During the last decade, species distribution models have been more frequently used to assess the potential distributions of species and possible effects of climate change. However, unlike for terrestrial species, there have been few investigations assessing climate change effects on distribution patterns of marine organisms.
An overview of marine species distribution modelling is given. Possibilities of how to characterize and project the environmental niches of species onto climatic change scenarios are highlighted and novel techniques for addressing specific needs in a 3‐D context are proposed. A detailed introduction into different modelling tools and databases for environmental parameters given provides a starting point for the application of these models.
Application of a species distribution model and its projections onto a glacial and future scenario on a global scale are presented for the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) for illustrative purposes. An approach for addressing marine migratory species with seasonal distribution patterns is presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative kinetics of fatty acid–amino acid conjugate elicitor biosynthesis by midgut tissue microsomes of Lepidopterous caterpillar larvae
Authors: Lait Cameron G. , Lobaido Melanie J. , Wiester Amy J. , Kossak Sarah , Tumlinson James H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractN‐Linolenoyl‐L‐glutamine is one of several structurally similar fatty acid–amino acid conjugate (FAC) elicitors found in the oral secretions of Lepidopterous caterpillars and its biosynthesis is catalyzed by membrane‐associated alimentary tissue enzyme(s). FAC elicitors comprise 17‐hydroxylated or non‐hydroxylated linolenic acid coupled with L‐glutamine or L‐glutamate by an amide bond. We demonstrate in vitro biosynthesis of N‐linolenoyl‐L‐glutamine by Manduca sexta, Heliothis virescens, and Helicoverpa zea tissue microsomes. Comparison of N‐linolenoyl‐L‐glutamine biosynthesis kinetics for these species suggests that concurrent biosynthesis and hydrolysis contribute to proportions of FAC elicitors found in their oral secretions. The apparent Km values for coupling of sodium linolenate were 8.75±0.79, 14.3±3.7 and 20.7±3.4 mM and Vmax values were 2.92±0.14, 6.81±1.2 and 4.95±0.55 nmol/min/mg protein for H. zea, H. virescens and M. sexta, respectively. The Km values for coupling of L‐glutamine were 10.5±0.26, 22.3±2.0 and 18.9±2.4 mM and Vmax values were 1.78±0.21, 3.71±0.50 and 2.49±0.41 nmol/min/mg of protein for H. zea, H. virescens and M. sexta, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Ordered Porous Graphitic‐C3N4 and Regularly Arranged Ta3N5 Nanoparticles by Using Self‐Assembled Silica Nanospheres as a Primary Template
Authors: Fukasawa Yuki , Takanabe Kazuhiro , Shimojima Atsushi , Antonietti Markus , Domen Kazunari , Okubo Tatsuya 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUniform‐sized silica nanospheres (SNSs) assembled into close‐packed structures were used as a primary template for ordered porous graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), which was subsequently used as a hard template to generate regularly arranged Ta3N5 nanoparticles of well‐controlled size. Inverse opal g‐C3N4 structures with the uniform pore size of 20–80 nm were synthesized by polymerization of cyanamide and subsequent dissolution of the SNSs with an aqueous HF solution. Back‐filling of the C3N4 pores with tantalum precursors, followed by nitridation in an NH3 flow gave regularly arranged, crystalline Ta3N5 nanoparticles that are connected with each other. The surface areas of the Ta3N5 samples were as high as 60 m2 g−1, and their particle size was tunable from 20 to 80 nm, which reflects the pore size of g‐C3N4. Polycrystalline hollow nanoparticles of Ta3N5 were also obtained by infiltration of a reduced amount of the tantalum source into the g‐C3N4 template. An improved photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution on the assembly of the Ta3N5 nanoparticles under visible‐light irradiation was attained as compared with that on a conventional Ta3N5 bulk material with low surface area.
Magneto‐acoustic wave propagation and mode conversion in a magnetic solar atmosphere: Comparing results from the CO5BOLD code with ray theory
Authors: Nutto C. , Steiner O. , Roth M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe present simulations of magneto‐acoustic wave propagation in a magnetic, plane‐parallel stratified solar model atmosphere, employing the CO5BOLD‐code. The tests are carried out for two models of the solar atmosphere, which are similar to the ones used by Cally (2007) and Schunker & Cally (2006). The two models differ only in the orientation of the magnetic field. A qualitative comparison shows good agreement between the numerical results and the results from ray theory. The tests are done in view of the application of the present numerical code for the computation of energy fluxes of propagating acoustic waves into a dynamically evolving magnetic solar atmosphere. For this, we consider waves with frequencies above the acoustic cut‐off frequency (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Probing the cores of solar‐like pulsators
Authors: Cunha M.S. , Brandão I.M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractStars slightly more massive than the Sun develop small convective cores during their main sequence phase of evolution. The edges of these convective cores are associated with rapid variations in the sound speed which influence the frequencies of acoustic oscillations. In this work we use an asymptotic analysis that is valid near the turning point of the oscillations, to derive the signature that tiny convective cores, such as those expected in main‐sequence solar‐like pulsators, produce in the oscillation frequencies. Moreover, we present a seismic diagnostic tool that is capable of isolating essential properties of that signature. The analysis presented here is an extension of that published by Cunha & Metcalfe (2007). In particular, in the current work the functional form adopted in the modelling of the sharp variation in sound speed at the edge of the core is more realistic. That results in an improved capability to extract the size of the sharp variation in sound speed at the edge of the core, a property that depends on the physical processes of mixing and diffusion taking place in that region of the star (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Current methods for analyzing light curves of solar‐like stars
Authors: Ballot J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCoRoT has allowed a quantitative leap for the solar‐like‐star seismology thanks to 5‐month‐long uninterrupted timeseries of high‐precision photometric data. Kepler is also starting to deliver similar data. Now, several F and G main‐sequence stars have been analyzed. The techniques developed to interpret light curves directly inherit from the experience got on the Sun with helioseismology. I describe in this review the methods currently used to analyze these light curves. First, these data provide an accurate determination of the stellar rotation rate. This is possible thanks to the magnetic activity of stars. The power spectra of light curves put also constraints on the stellar granulation, which can be directly compared to 3‐D stellar atmosphere models; this shows still unexplained discrepancies. I then detailed a standard method for extracting p‐mode characteristics (frequency, amplitude and lifetime). CoRoT has revealed unexpected short life times for F stars. Last, I also discuss errors and biases of mode frequencies, especially the ones due to the simplified description of the rotation generally used (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Seismic signatures of stellar cores of solar‐like pulsators: Dependence on mass and age
Authors: Brandão I.M. , Cunha M.S. , Creevey O.L. , Christensen‐Dalsgaard J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUseful information from the inner layers of stellar pulsators may be derived from the study of their oscillations. In this paper we analyse three diagnostic tools suggested in the literature built from the oscillation frequencies computed for a set of main sequence models with masses between 1.0 M⊙ and 1.6 M⊙, to check what information they may hold about stellar cores. For the models with convective cores (M ≥ 1.2 M⊙) we find a relation between the frequency slopes of the diagnostic tools and the size of the jump in the sound speed at the edge of the core. We show that this relation is independent of the mass of the models. In practice, since the size of the jump in the sound speed is related to the age of the star, using these seismic tools we may, in principle, infer the star's evolutionary state. We also show that when combining two of the three diagnostic tools studied, we are able to distinguish models with convective cores from models without a convective core but with strong sound speed gradients in the inner layers (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Asteroseismic modelling of Procyon A: Preliminary results
Authors: Doğan G. , Bonanno A. , Bedding T.R. , Campante T.L. , Christensen‐Dalsgaard J. , Kjeldsen H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe present our preliminary results of the modelling of the F5 star Procyon A. The frequencies predicted by our models are compared with the frequencies extracted through a global fit to the power spectrum obtained by the latest ground‐based observations, which provides two different mode identification scenarios (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Constraints of a pulsation frequency on stellar parameters in the eclipsing spectroscopic binary system V577 Oph
Authors: Creevey O.L. , Telting J. , Belmonte J.A. , Brown T.M. , Handler G. , Metcalfe T.S. , Pinheiro F. , Sousa S. , Terrell D. , Zhou A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe present a preliminary spectroscopic analysis of the binary system V577Oph, observed during the summer of 2007 on the 2.6 m NOT telescope on La Palma. We have obtained time series spectroscopic observations, which show clear binary motion as well as radial velocity variations due to pulsation in the primary star. By modelling the radial velocities we determine a full orbital solution of the system, which yields MA sin3 i = 1.562 ± 0.012 M⊙ and MB sin3 i = 1.461 ± 0.020 M⊙. An estimate of inclination from photometry yields a primary mass of ∼1.6 M⊙. Using this derived mass, and the known pulsation frequency we can impose a lower limit of 1 Gyr on the age of the system, and constrain the parameters of the oscillation mode. We show that with further analysis of the spectra (extracting the atmospheric parameters), tighter constraints could be imposed on the age, metallicity and the mode parameters. This work emphasizes the power that a single pulsation frequency can have for constraining stellar parameters in an eclipsing binary system (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Asteroseismology of solar‐type stars with Kepler: III. Ground‐based data
Authors: Molenda‐Żakowicz J. , Bruntt H. , Sousa S. , Frasca A. , Biazzo K. , Huber D. , Ireland M. , Bedding T. , Stello D. , Uytterhoeven K. , Dreizler S. , De Cat P. , Briquet M. , Catanzaro G. , Karoff C. , Frandsen S. , Spezzi L. , Catala C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe report on the ground‐based follow‐up program of spectroscopic and photometric observations of solar‐like asteroseismic targets for the Kepler space mission. These stars constitute a large group of more than a thousand objects which are the subject of an intensive study by the Kepler Asteroseismic Science Consortium Working Group 1 (KASC WG‐1). In the current work we will discuss the methods we use to determine the fundamental stellar atmospheric parameters using high‐quality stellar spectra. These provide essential constraints for the asteroseismic modelling and make it possible to verify the parameters in the Kepler Input Catalogue (KIC) (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Convection and oscillations
Authors: Houdek G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this short review on stellar convection dynamics I address the following, currently very topical, issues: (1) the surface effects of the Reynolds stresses and nonadiabaticity on solar‐like pulsation frequencies, and (2) oscillation mode lifetimes of stochastically excited oscillations in red giants computed with different time‐dependent convection formulations (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)