bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Making of the Durham Book
Authors: Cuming G. J. 
Published: March 2011

In the Cosin Library at Durham there is preserved a MS. catalogue of its contents, written in bishop Cosin's lifetime (probably in 1669–70) and under his direction, which contains this entry:‘Common Prayer Booke with my MS. Notes in the Margent made for Variations in the last new Liturgy, fol.’
Prospective, randomised controlled trial comparing intense endoscopic cleaning versus minimal intervention in the early post-operative period following functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Fishman J M , Sood S , Chaudhari M , Martinez-Devesa P , Orr L , Gupta D 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective:There is currently no standardised management protocol following functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This study assessed frequent endoscopic cleaning versus minimal intervention in the early post-operative period following such surgery.Study design:Prospective, randomised controlled, single-blinded, within-subject trial involving 24 patients with bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing bilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery.Main outcome measure:The primary outcome measure was ethmoid cavity healing, based on endoscopic appearance, graded using a modified Lund–MacKay endoscopic score.Secondary outcome measure:Lund–MacKay symptom score before and after surgery.Results:There was no overall statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.37). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant effect of regular suction clearance on adhesions at three months (p = 0.048), but not on oedema, polyps, granulation, discharge or crusting.Conclusion:There is no evidence from this study to support frequent endoscopic cleaning in the early post-operative period after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Less intensive post-operative management is recommended, resulting in decreased patient morbidity and fewer post-operative follow-up appointments.
A cross-dialectal acoustic study of the monophthongs and diphthongs of Welsh
Authors: Mayr Robert , Davies Hannah 
Published: March 2011

The Welsh language has a complex vowel inventory with up to thirteen monophthongs and the same number of diphthongs. According to descriptive reports, systematic differences are found between the two main varieties of Welsh, Northern and Southern Welsh (Ball & Williams 2001, Jones 1984). However, few studies have attempted to verify these claims instrumentally, and little is known about the acoustic properties of Welsh vowels. The present study is the first systematic acoustic investigation of the monophthongs and diphthongs of Northern and Southern Welsh and includes measurements of formant trajectory length and spectral rate of change for the diphthongs (Fox & Jacewicz 2009).The results largely confirm claims about contrastive vowel categories in Northern and Southern Welsh. In contrast to auditory-based accounts, however, pairs of Northern Welsh vowels were found to differ, not only in terms of duration, but also vowel quality. The diphthongs, in turn, revealed interesting cross-dialectal differences in spectral dynamics across their trajectories. The results have implications for notions of contrastivity in languages with large vowel inventories.
Employers’ attitudes to people with mental health problems in the workplace in Britain: changes between 2006 and 2009
Authors: Little K. , Henderson C. , Brohan E. , Thornicroft G. 
Published: March 2011

Aim.This study examines whether there have been improvements in mental health-related knowledge, attitudes and workplace practices among British employers between 2006 and 2009.Method.In 2006, the Shaw Trust surveyed 550 British employers. Telephone interviews ascertained their knowledge, attitudes and practices related to mental health in the workplace. This study compares their findings with a repeat survey of 500 employers in 2009.Results.In 2006, 33% of employers reported that none of their employees would develop a mental health problem during their working lifetime, dropping to 7% in 2009. In both years, less than a third of companies had formal policies on stress and mental health. In 2006, 68% agreed they would be flexible in offering adjustments to someone with mental ill-health, rising to 87% in 2009. In 2006, 76% agreed that British industry needs more support to improving the way it deals with mental health in the workplace, increasing to 88% in 2009.Conclusions.While employers’ mental health knowledge significantly improved and many offer ‘reasonable adjustments’, there is a need to formalise these arrangements and for further training and support. Resistance to the Equality Bill amendment banning pre-employment health questions, with exceptions, is predicted based on employers’ preference for pre-employment disclosure.
A randomised controlled trial of assertive outreachvs. treatment as usual for black people with severe mental illness
Authors: Bhugra D. , Ayonrinde O. , Butler G. , Leese M. , Thornicroft G. 
Published: March 2011

Aim.We aimed at testing whether an assertive outreach team (AOT) run by a Black voluntary organisation is more acceptable to Black people with severe mental illness.Methods.A randomised controlled trial (RCT) of 83 Black (African, African Caribbean or Black British) patients with severe mental illness with treatment as usual (TAU) or Assertive Outreach (AO) by a non-statutory sector Black AOT. Frequency of admissions, duration of admissions, symptom severity and client satisfaction with clinical interventions were assessed.Results.The mean length of admission at follow-up was not significantly different between the two groups (74.64v. 64.51; mean difference = 10.13, 95% CI −2.86, 23.11,p = 0.125), neither was the mean number of admissions (1.32v. 1.20; mean difference = 0.13, 95% CI −0.18, 0.43,p = 0.401). Mean Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) ratings at 1-year follow-up were significantly lower in the AOT group than in the TAU group (56.34v. 63.62; mean difference = 7.27, 95% CI 0.66, 13.88,p = 0.032), and people were significantly more satisfied with AOT 24/29 (83%) than the generic services: 4/26 (15%),p < 0.001.Conclusions.While the AO service was highly culturally acceptable to Black people, there was no evidence that the provision of AOT reduces frequency or duration of hospital admission.
The Magellanic System's Interactive Formations
Authors: Putman M. E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe interaction between the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds has resulted in several high-velocity complexes which are connected to the Clouds. The complexes are known as the Magellanic Bridge, an HI connection between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, the Magellanic Stream, a 10° × 100° HI filament which trails the Clouds, and the Leading Arm, a diffuse HI filament which leads the Clouds. The mechanism responsible for these features formation remains under some debate, with the lack of detailed HI observations being one of the limiting factors in resolving the issue. Here I present several large mosaics of HI Parkes All-Sky Survey (HIPASS) data which show the full extent of the three Magellanic complexes at almost twice the resolution of previous observations. These interactive features are connected, but unique in their spatial and velocity distribution. The differences may shed light on their origin and present environment. Dense clumps of HI along the sightline to the Sculptor Group, which may or may not be associated with the Magellanic complexes, are also discussed.
Progress on Coronal, Interplanetary, Foreshock, and Outer Heliospheric Radio Emissions
Authors: Cairns Iver H. , Robinson P. A. , Zank G. P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractType II and III solar radio bursts are associated with shock waves and streams of energetic electrons, respectively, which drive plasma waves and radio emission at multiples of the electron plasma frequency as they move out from the corona into the interplanetary medium. Analogous plasma waves and radiation are observed from the foreshock region upstream of Earth's bow shock. In situ spacecraft observations in the solar wind have enabled major progress to be made in developing quantitative theories for these phenomena that are consistent with available data. Similar processes are believed responsible for radio emissions at 2–3 kHz that originate in the distant heliosphere, from where the solar wind interacts with the local interstellar medium. The primary goal of this paper is to review the observations and theories for these four classes of emissions, focusing on recent progress in developing detailed theories for the plasma waves and radiation in the source regions. The secondary goal is to introduce and review stochastic growth theory, a recent theory which appears quantitatively able to explain the wave observations in type III bursts and Earth's foreshock and is a natural theory to apply to type II bursts, the outer heliospheric emissions, and perhaps astrophysicalemissions.
Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation Strategies: Summary of the E. & F. White Conference held in Sydney, Australia, December 1999
Authors: Bell Jon F. , Ekers Ron D. , Bunton John D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe E. & F. White Conference held in Sydney in December 1999 brought together expertise on a range of interference mitigation techniques from CSIRO, Australian and international industry and universities. Key goals were to enhance the understanding of techniques and their inter-relationship, to increase awareness of advanced technologies such as software radios and photonics, and to foster a cooperative approach to the development of interference mitigation techniques. The foremost application in mind was the square kilometre array (SKA) and the need to find ways to develop a hierarchical scheme for removing unwanted signals from astronomical data. This paper gives an overview of the topics discussed at the conference and summarises some of the key ideas and results that were presented.
Propagation of Cosmic Rays from the Vicinity of the Galactic Centre
Authors: Clay R. W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThere is now evidence that there may be a strong source of cosmic ray particles in the general direction of the Galactic Centre. The likelihood is that the observed particles are neutrons with energies of about 1018 eV. Associated with the production of those neutrons, we would expect that large numbers of charged cosmic rays would also be produced, and we investigate here the directional properties of those charged particles as they may be observed at the distance of the Earth from the Galactic Centre. We follow the propagation of such particles through a simple Galactic magnetic field model with both a turbulent and a regular field to determine what field properties most affect the observed beam. It appears that the turbulent field component is crucial to any resulting charged particle observations.
The Hubble Constant
Authors: Mould Jeremy 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWith the completion of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale, it is interesting to form the dimensionless quantity H0t0 by multiplying the Hubble Constant by the age of the Universe. In a matter dominated decelerating Universe with a density exceeding 0·26 of the critical value, H0t0 < 1; in an accelerating Universe with the same Ωm = 0·26, but dominated by vacuum energy with ΩV ≥ 1 – Ωm, H0t0 ≥ 1. If the first globular clusters formed 109 years after the Big Bang, then with 95% confidence H0t0 =1·0 ± 0·3. The classical Einstein–de Sitter cosmological model has H0t0 = ⅔.
A New Acquisition and Autoguiding Camera for the ANU 2·3 m Telescope
Authors: McGregor Peter J. , Conroy Peter , van Harmelen Jan , Bessell Michael S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new, direct CCD acquisition and autoguiding camera is in use on the ANU 2·3 m telescope Nasmyth foci. The camera is a model AP7 manufactured by Apogee Instruments Inc. and is controlled by the MaxIm CCD camera control and image processing software developed by Diffraction Ltd. The factors influencing our choice of this new camera are discussed, and its performance, operation, and commercial control software are described. The new camera allows stellar objects as faint as B = 21·5 to be acquired on the Double Beam Spectrograph slit in 1·4″ seeing. The camera has far superior performance to the Fairchild intensified CCD cameras that it replaces. The improved acquisition and guiding permitted by this camera has already allowed several new scientific programs to begin on the telescope, including the use of aperture plates with the Double Beam Spectrograph.
The Charles Sturt University Remote Telescope Project: Astronomy for Primary School Students
Authors: McKinnon David H. , Mainwaring Andrew 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Charles Sturt University Remote Telescope Project aims to make available to primary school students and their teachers a simple-to-use telescope and CCD camera set up over the Internet. Access to the telescope is supported by a 10 week curriculum unit of Astronomy activities. The telescope is not a robotic device. It is controllable in real time with images being transmitted to the user also in real time. Visitors to the site are able to view what is happening at the telescope without being able to take control of it. This paper describes the project, the software control system and the related curriculum activities. Discussion centres around how to ignite students' and teachers' interest in science and how projects such as this one may lead to more exciting coverage of important topics in the primary and lower secondary schools.
Using Astronomy as a Vehicle for Science Education
Authors: Rijsdijk Case 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRecent history in South Africa has created unique problems in many areas. As a result of an unequal educational structure, particularly in science, there is a general lack of science literacy and awareness. Some years ago the South African Astronomical Observatory started a Science Education Initiative as a contribution to addressing this problem by using astronomy as a vehicle to stimulate an interest in science amongst teachers and students. This programme was given a boost by the South African government in 1998 and the construction of the Southern African Large Telescope will provide further stimulus to the Science Education Initiative.
Beauty and Astrophysics
Authors: Bessell Michael S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSpectacular colour images have been made by combining CCD images in three different passbands using Adobe Photoshop. These beautiful images highlight a variety of astrophysical phenomena and should be a valuable resource for science education and public awareness of science. The wide field images were obtained at the Siding Spring Observatory (SSO) by mounting a Hasselblad or Nikkor telephoto lens in front of a 2K × 2K CCD. Options of more than 30 degrees or 6 degrees square coverage are produced in a single exposure in this way. Narrow band or broad band filters were placed between lens and CCD enabling deep, linear images in a variety of passbands to be obtained. We have mapped the LMC and SMC and are mapping the Galactic Plane for comparison with the Molonglo Radio Survey. Higher resolution images have also been made with the 40 inch telescope of galaxies and star forming regions in the Milky Way.
Qualitative Analysis of Collaborative Learning Groups in Large Enrollment Introductory Astronomy
Authors: Skala Chija , Slater Timothy F. , Adams Jeffrey P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLarge-lecture introductory astronomy courses for undergraduate, non-science majors present numerous problems for faculty. As part of a systematic effort to improve the course learning environment, a series of small-group, collaborative learning activities were implemented in an otherwise conventional lecture astronomy survey course. These activities were used once each week during the regularly scheduled lecture period. After eight weeks, ten focus group interviews were conducted to qualitatively assess the impact and dynamics of these small group learning activities. Overall, the data strongly suggest that students enjoy participating in the in-class learning activities in learning teams of three to four students. These students firmly believe that they are learning more than they would from lectures alone. Inductive analysis of the transcripts revealed five major themes prevalent among the students' perspectives: (1) self-formed, cooperative group composition and formation should be more regulated by the instructor; (2) team members' assigned rolls should be less formally structured by the instructors; (3) cooperative groups helped in learning the course content; (4) time constraints on lectures and activities need to be more carefully aligned; and (5) gender issues can exist within the groups. These themes serve as a guide for instructors who are developing instructional interventions for large lecture courses.
How Children Observe the Universe
Authors: Dunlop John 
Published: March 2011

AbstractChildren who visited Auckland Observatory and Stardome Planetarium in 1998 were surveyed on their ideas about the Earth, the Moon and the Sun. Widespread misconceptions similar to those found in other studies were revealed, however the single teaching session had an impact on children's ideas comparable to that of much longer interventions. Several ideas not reported previously were expressed. For example, two children drew a figure eight orbit for the Earth; circling the Sun during the day, and the Moon at night. Only one child of the 67 surveyed proposed the notion of day and night being caused by the Sun orbiting the Earth. This is in contrast to many other studies. A drawing based pre-post survey proved to be a convenient and powerful tool for revealing changing patterns in children's thinking. The literature surveyed indicated levels of misconceptions about astronomy among teachers and other adults that were nearly as great as those of the children being taught. It would seem a strategic move to provide teachers with sufficient training if they are required to teach astronomy at every level, as has happened with the New Zealand science curriculum. A comparison between different question types suggests that multiple-choice questions may underestimate the knowledge of younger children by over 300% when compared with interview responses. A drawing based question in this study generated up to 41% more correct responses than a multiple-choice question on the same topic.
TTF Survey of Galaxy Populations
Authors: Jones Heath , Bland-Hawthorn Joss 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe TAURUS Tunable Filter (TTF) affords a new approach to observational cosmology, allowing a wide field (10 arcmin) to be imaged monochromatically in contiguous wavelength intervals (6–60 Å bandpass) over the R and I bands. In a 200 s exposure with the AAT, the TTF can detect Hα emission powered by star formation rates as low as 0·1 M⊙ yr−1 at z = 0·08 and 1 M⊙ yr−1 at z = 0·24 in 2 arcsec seeing (cf. 0·26 M⊙ yr−1 for the LMC). In this paper we describe an emission-line survey currently under way using the TTF on the AAT to detect redshifted Hα over the ranges z = 0·06–0·1 and z = 0·22–0·26. Such detections will be of timely interest to the Southern HI Sky Survey which is motivated along similar lines.
Structure of Dark Halos: Model-independent Information from HI Rotation Curves
Authors: Sackett Penny D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAlthough the approximately flat rotation curves of gas in the outskirts of spirals are generally taken as strong evidence for spherical, isothermal dark matter halos, this conclusion is often incorrect and always model-dependent. A re-examination of the old and (nearly) model-independent inversion technique for determining the surface mass density of galaxies from their kinematics is presented. The method is shown to be relatively insensitive to noise in the kinematics. Due to incomplete kinematical knowledge at large radius, however, the surface mass density is reliable only in the inner half of the galaxy, a result that also applies to traditional rotation curve fitting techniques.
Driftscan Surveys in the 21 cm Line with the Arecibo and Nançay Telescopes
Authors: Briggs F. H. , Sorar E. , Kraan-Korteweg R. C. , van Driel W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDriftscan methods are highly efficient, stable techniques for conducting extragalactic surveys in the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen. Holding the telescope still while the beam scans the sky at the sidereal rate produces exceptionally stable spectral baselines, increased stability for RFI signals, and excellent diagnostic information about system performance. Data can be processed naturally and efficiently by grouping long sequences of spectra into an image format, thereby allowing thousands of individual spectra to be calibrated, inspected and manipulated as a single data structure with standard tools that already exist in astronomical software. The behaviour of spectral standing waves (multi-path effects) can be appraised and excised in this environment, making observations possible while the Sun is up. The method is illustrated with survey data from Arecibo and Nançay.
HI in Elliptical Galaxies
Authors: Sadler Elaine M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTraditional HI surveys of optically selected elliptical galaxies are time-consuming, and have a low detection rate. The forthcoming Parkes HI multibeam survey offers the exciting possibility of surveying more than 10,000 nearby elliptical galaxies for HI. I argue that this is likely to result in the detection of a large population of small, HI-rich elliptical galaxies which have not previously been studied in any systematic way.
HI Observations of Compact Groups of Galaxies
Authors: Oosterloo Tom , Iovino Angela 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe present preliminary results from HI observations of a new sample of compact groups done with the Parkes telescope, as well as from images made with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). These observations confirm earlier claims that a significant fraction of compact groups are deficient in HI, and hence that a significant fraction of groups of galaxies that appear compact on the sky are indeed compact systems. The ATCA observations of a very HI-poor group suggest that this group is a true compact system in an advanced stage of evolution. However, the ATCA observations also show that HI-rich groups exist that are genuinely compact.
21 cm Searches for Dim Galaxies
Authors: Disney Mike , Banks Gareth 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe review very strong selection effects which operate against the detection of dim (i.e. low surface brightness) galaxies. The Parkes multibeam instrument offers a wonderful opportunity to turn up new populations of such galaxies. However, to explore the newly accessible parameter space, it will be necessary to survey both a very deep patch (105 s/pointing, limiting Nhi ∼ 1018 cm−2) and a deep patch (104 s/pointing, limiting Nhi ∼ 3 × 1018 cm−2) in carefully selected areas, and we outline the case to do this.
The Dark Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxy NGC 2915
Authors: Meurer Gerhardt R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRecent results on NGC 2915, the first blue compact dwarf galaxy to have its mass distribution modelled, are summarised. NGC 2915 is shown to have HI well beyond its detected optical extent. Its rotation curve is well determined and fit with maximum disk mass models. The dark matter halo dominates the mass distribution at nearly all radii, and has a very dense core compared to those of normal galaxies. High-mass star formation energises the HI in the centre of the galaxy, but appears to be maintained in viriai equilibrium with the dark matter halo. The implications of these results are briefly discussed.