bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gradient elasticity in Swift–Hohenberg and phase-field crystal models
Authors: Benoit-Maréchal Lucas , Salvalaglio Marco 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Swift–Hohenberg (SH) and phase-field crystal (PFC) models are minimal yet powerful approaches for studying phenomena such as pattern formation, collective order, and defects via smooth order parameters. They are based on a free-energy functional that inherently includes elasticity effects. This study addresses how gradient elasticity (GE), a theory that accounts for elasticity effects at microscopic scales by introducing additional characteristic lengths, is incorporated into SH and PFC models. After presenting the fundamentals of these theories and models, we first calculate the characteristic lengths for various lattice symmetries in an approximated setting. We then discuss numerical simulations of stress fields at dislocations and comparisons with analytic solutions within first and second strain-gradient elasticity. Effective GE characteristic lengths for the elastic fields induced by dislocations are found to depend on the free-energy parameters in the same manner as the phase correlation length, thus unveiling how they change with the quenching depth. The findings presented in this study enable a thorough discussion and analysis of small-scale elasticity effects in pattern formation and crystalline systems using SH and PFC models and, importantly, complete the elasticity analysis therein. Additionally, we provide a microscopic foundation for GE in the context of order-disorder phase transitions.
Performance evaluation of the FastIC readout ASIC with emphasis on Cherenkov emission in TOF-PET
Authors: Piller Markus , Castilla Antonio M , Terragni Giulia , Alozy Jerome , Auffray Etiennette , Ballabriga Rafael , Campbell Michael , Deutschmann Bernd , Gascon David , Gola Alberto , Merzi Stefano , Michalowska-Forsyth Alicja , Penna Michele , Gómez Sergio , Kratochwil Nicolaus 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. The efficient usage of prompt photons like Cherenkov emission is of great interest for the design of the next generation, cost-effective, and ultra-high-sensitivity time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) scanners. With custom, high power consuming, readout electronics and fast digitization the prospect of sub-300 ps FWHM with PET-sized BGO crystals have been shown. However, these results are not scalable to a full system consisting of thousands of detector elements. Approach. To pave the way toward a full TOF-PET scanner, we examine the performance of the FastIC ASIC with Cherenkov-emitting scintillators (BGO), together with one of the most recent SiPM detector developments based on metal trenching from FBK. The FastIC is a highly configurable ASIC with 8 input channels, a power consumption of 12 mW ch−1 and excellent linearity on the energy measurement. To put the timing performance of the FastIC into perspective, comparison measurements with high-power consuming readout electronics are performed. Main results. We achieve a best CTR FWHM of 330 ps for 2 × 2 × 3 mm3 and 490 ps for 2 × 2 × 20 mm3 BGO crystals with the FastIC. In addition, using 20 mm long LSO:Ce:Ca crystals, CTR values of 129 ps FWHM have been measured with the FastIC, only slightly worse to the state-of-the-art of 95 ps obtained with discrete HF electronics. Significance. For the first time, the timing capability of BGO with a scalable ASIC has been evaluated. The findings underscore the potential of the FastIC ASIC in the development of cost-effective TOF-PET scanners with excellent timing characteristics.
Suppression of radial motion in translated field-reversed configuration plasma via global gyro-effect
Authors: Kobayashi Daichi , Seki Taichi , Takahashi Tsutomu , Morelli Jordan , Asai Tomohiko 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The radial motion of a field-reversed configuration (FRC) during translation at supersonic/Alfvénic speed was effectively suppressed by the global gyro-effect induced by toroidal flow. In magnetohydrodynamic approximation, an FRC is inherently unstable against radial motions such as tilt and wobble. Surprisingly, the magnetic structure of the FRC remained intact even during translation at speeds exceeding the ion sonic and Alfvén speeds, despite the presence of radial motions. Optical observations were conducted on the radial motion and toroidal flow of translated FRCs under various electric boundary conditions at the device end. The implementation of end-shorting led to an increased toroidal flow rate, consequently reducing the radial displacement of the FRC during translation. This control of toroidal flow from the device’s end not only suppressed radial motion but also facilitated head-on collisions in the formation of FRCs by the collisional merging technique. The findings emphasize the significance of toroidal flow control in preserving the integrity of FRC’s simply connected geometry and enhancing its formation performance.
Assessing the efficacy of an atmospheric air DC glow discharge system for sustainable nitrogen fixation: a vibrational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering study
Authors: Qiao Jun-Jie , Yang Qi , Wang Da-Zhi , Pei Xue-Kai , Xiong Qing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In addressing the substantial greenhouse gas emissions produced by the energy-intensive Haber–Bosch synthesis, this study investigates the viability of sustainable nitrogen fixation (NF) via low-temperature plasma systems energized by renewable sources. Utilizing vibrational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering as a diagnostic tool, we probed the nitrogen rovibrational temperature and population dynamics within a DC glow discharge in atmospheric air, a setting with considerable promise for eco-friendly fertilizer production. Besides, density for atomic

N

,

O

, and

NO

was quantified by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) or two-photon absorbed LIF methods. Our findings reveal a quasi-equilibrium between rotational and vibrational energy states in the DC glow discharge environment, reaching an approximate value of 3500 K at the discharge core. The discharge parameters, discharge current, air flow rate, and discharge gap influence the rovibrational temperature, density distribution of species of interest, and the NF energy cost. However, the influences induced by these parameters are of limitations. Further analysis implies that the high gas temperature and its induced significant vibrational-rotational and vibrational-translational energy exchange are mainly responsible for the non-ideal NF energy cost.
Review of β-Ga2O3 solar-blind ultraviolet photodetector: growth, device, and application
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Zhe , Zhang Zeyulin , Liu Dinghe , Zeng Liru , Yan Yiru , Chen Dazheng , Feng Qian , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue , Zhang Chunfu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Due to the excellent responsivity and high rejection ratio, Ga2O3-based solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors (PDs) are attracting more and more attention. The excellent material quality ensures great performance of PDs. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in growth methods of β-Ga2O3 bulk and thin films. Based on high-quality substrates and thin films, numerous state-of-art Ga2O3-based PDs have been reported in decades. Therefore, we collect some representative achievements in Ga2O3-based PDs, summarizing the development process of each type of structure. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of different structures are also discussed to provide practical reference for researchers in this field. Additionally, inspired by the excellent performance of Ga2O3-based PDs, many research teams have also explored the applications based on solar-blind detection. We summarize three application fields, including imaging, light communication, and optical tracing, introducing some excellent works from different teams. Finally, we evaluate the outlook and remaining challenges in the future development of Ga2O3-based PDs.
Enhancing wearable humidity sensing with conductive PANi-Coated polyurethane nanofibers
Authors: Afrashi Mehran , Aghaei Ali , Shanbeh Mohsen , Ebadi Seyed Vahid 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study presents a flexible nanofibrous humidity sensor for wearable applications and smart textiles. The methodology involved fabricating polyurethane (PU) nanofibers via electrospinning, followed by polyaniline (PANi) coating under varied synthesis conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed consistent diameter uniformity in the prepared PU nanofibers. Moreover, an increase in average nanofiber diameter (305 to 539 nm) was observed with rising polymer solution concentration (7% to 9%). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the physical presence of PANi on PU nanofiber surfaces without inducing structural changes. Additionally, the strength of PU nanofibrous samples, with or without PANi coating, increased proportionally with higher PANi and PU polymer concentrations. Electrical conductivity was measured using a four-point device, and surface resistance was assessed across varying humidity levels to study humidity’s impact on samples. Results exhibited a linear relationship between surface electrical resistance and relative humidity changes. Furthermore, the PU and PU/PANi nanofibers exhibit contact angles of 113° and 133°, respectively. The PANi-coated sample is more hydrophobic compared to the uncoated sample. In conclusion, these findings underscore the potential of the developed sensor as a responsive tool for monitoring humidity fluctuations in diverse applications.
DFT investigation of M2F superalkali doped dodecafluorophenylene (C13H10F12) derivatives with remarkable static and dynamic NLO response
Authors: Asif Misbah , Sarfaraz Sehrish , Shahnaz  , Ayub Khurshid 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Herein, based on density functional theory (DFT) simulations, the static and dynamic hyperpolarizabilities of the superalkalides based on Janus molecules have been explored. The designed superalkalides M2F(F)-DDFP-M2F(H) contain Janus based Dodecafluorophenylene (DDFP) molecule doped with superalkalis on both sides acting as both electron acceptors and donors. Thermodynamic stabilities are evident from the negative values of interaction energies, which are observed in the range of −2.96 eV to −3.63 eV. The maximum interaction energy (Eint) obtained is −3.63 eV for Li2F(F)-DDFP-Li2F(H) complex. The NBO (natural bond orbital) and FMO (frontier molecular orbital) analyses confirm the true superalkalide nature of the designed complexes. FMO analysis further reveals the reduction in energy gap E(H-L) from 10.43 eV (for bare DDFP) to 3.17 eV for the designed superalkalis. Furthermore, NLO response of the studied complexes reveals that the maximum values of polarizability (617 au) and hyperpolarizability are seen for Na2F(F)-DDFP-K2F(H) (4.25 × 104 au) complex, which confirms the remarkable NLO response of newly designed superalkalides. Moreover, frequency dependent analysis indicates that the maximum values of simple harmonic generation (SHG), electro-optical pockel effect (EOPE) and hyper Rayleigh scattering are 7.79 × 106, 2.75 × 106 and 4.45 × 106 au, respectively. The EOKE and EFISHG values are 6.79 × 107 and 7.68 × 1010 at 1339 nm suggesting significant increase in the NLO response of the reported complexes. These results manifest that our designed complexes might provide new paths towards the exceptionally high performance NLO materials. Moreover, we expect that the present work will provide guidance for designing and synthesis of superalkali based NLO materials in future.
Characterization of energy dissipation of particle system in high velocity compaction
Authors: Yang Yi , Ma Fei , Xiong Wei , Li Tao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Energy transmission and dissipation during HVC lead to the uneven pressing force of the powder in the die cavity, which ultimately affects the densification and mechanical properties of powder metallurgy products. This study used the discrete element method (DEM) to monitor the energy transmission and dissipation of the powder system during HVC, investigate the relationship between the dissipation of kinetic energy and the impact energy during the loading stage, and consider the relationship between the strain energy release rate and the impact energy during the unloading stage. The results show that the boundary energy (impact energy) is mainly converted into strain, frictional, and damping energy, of which the kinetic energy is only an intermediate form and its attenuation equation is also obtained. The larger the porosity of the particle system is, the larger the dissipation factor β is, and the more serious the energy dissipation is. It can be found that the release rate of the strain energy gradually decreases with increasing impact energy, and the strain energy is significantly higher than the frictional energy in the green compacts.
Unravelling the La dopant induced physicochemical changes and the electrical behaviour on BaFeO3 under oxidising and reducing atmospheres
Authors: Prabhahari V , Raja N , Iniyan S , K Suresh Babu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Electroceramic oxides like La-doped BaFeO3 garner greater interest owing to their tunability of mixed ionic conduction. However, reports on the effect of La on the microstructural changes, the type of conduction mechanism under different atmospheres and the negative charge transfer influenced by the Fe-O hybridization in Ba1−xLaxFeO3−δ
are hardly available. Doping La induces cation vacancies and Fe reduction, creating nanorod decorated surface after the high-temperature treatment. Conductivity studies expose the rate-limiting steps for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as the ohmic resistances and Ba segregation effects. Among the samples studied, Ba0.9La0.1FeO3−δ
performs better at 800 °C with an activation energy of ∼0.35 eV under both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. Surface analysis after EIS reveals Fe and O with different oxidation states that enhance the total conductivity. The amount of hydroxyl species retained (23.66% for Ba0.9La0.1FeO3−δ
) and the ratio of the adsorbed to the lattice oxygen (15.33% for Ba0.9La0.1FeO3−δ
) gives insight on HOR and ORR activities. Also, computational studies validated the negative charge transfer mechanism of the samples under thermally assisted oxidation. The results indicate Ba0.9La0.1FeO3−δ
as a tuneable electrode for solid oxide cells.
CMB bispectrum constraints on DHOST inflation
Authors: Sohn Wuhyun , Lazanu Andrei , Brax Philippe , Fergusson James R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present the first direct constraints on a Degenerate Higher Order Scalar Tensor (DHOST)
inflation model using the Planck 2018 Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) results on
non-Gaussianities. We identify that the bispectrum consists of a fixed contribution following
from the power spectrum and a linear combination of terms depending on five free parameters
defining the cubic perturbations to the DHOST model. The former peaks in the squeezed limit, while
the latter is maximised in the equilateral limit. We directly confront the model predictions to
the CMB bispectrum statistics via the public code CMB-BEST and marginalize over the free
parameters. We explicitly show that there are viable DHOST inflationary models satisfying both
power spectrum and bispectrum constraints from Planck. However, rather surprisingly,
the constraints exclude certain models at the 6σ-level even though they pass the
conventional fudge factor tests. In this case and despite having a handful of free parameters, the
model's large squeezed bispectrum cannot be cancelled out without introducing a large bispectrum
in other limits which are strongly constrained by Planck's non-detection of primordial
non-Gaussianity. We emphasize that first-order approximations such as fudge factors, albeit
commonly used in the literature, may be misleading and provide weaker constraints. A proper
analysis of the constraints from Planck requires a more robust approach, such as the one
provided by the CMB-BEST code.
Further investigation on the fusion of 6Li with 209Bi target at near-barrier energies*
Authors: Zhang 张 G. L. 高龙 , Jiao 焦 Z. W. 振威 , Zhang 张 G. X. 广鑫 , Cortes M. R. , Hu 胡 S. P. 世鹏 , Qian 钱 J. Q. 建强 , Mengoni D. , Qu 屈 W. W. 卫卫 , Li 李 C. B. 聪博 , Zheng 郑 Y. 云 , Zhang 张 H. Q. 焕乔 , Sun 孙 H. B. 慧斌 , Wang 王 N. 楠 , Zhang 张 C. L. 春雷 , Valiente-Dobón J. J. , Testov D. , Mazzocco M. , Gozzelino A. , Parascandolo C. , Pierroutsakou D. , La Commara M. , Goasduff A. , Bazzacco D. , Napoli D. R. , Galtarossa F. , Recchia F. , Illana A. , Bakes S. , Zanon I. , Aydin S. , de Angelis G. , Siciliano M. , Menegazzo R. , Lenzi S.M. , Ferreira J. L. , Rangel J. , Akkoyun Serkan , Canto L. F. , Lubian J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The complete and incomplete fusion cross sections for 6Li+209Bi were measured using the in-beam γ-ray method around the Coulomb barrier. The cross sections of (deuteron captured) incomplete fusion (ICF) products were re-quantified experimentally for this reaction system. The results reveal that the ICF cross section is equivalent to that of complete fusion (CF) above the Coulomb barrier and dominant near or below the Coulomb barrier. A theoretical calculation based on the continuum discretized coupled channel (CDCC) method was performed for the aforementioned CF and ICF cross sections; the result is consistent with the experiments. The universal fusion function (UFF) was also compared with the measured CF cross section for different barrier parameters, demonstrating that the CF suppression factor is significantly influenced by the choice of potential, which can reflect both dynamic and static effects of breakup on the fusion process.
Calibration of the cryogenic measurement system of a resonant haloscope cavity*
Authors: He 贺 Dong 冬 , Fan 樊 Jie 洁 , Gao 高 Xin 昕 , Gao 高 Yu 宇 , Houston Nick , Ji 姬 Zhongqing 忠庆 , Jin 金 Yirong 贻荣 , Li 李 Chuang 闯 , Li 李 Jinmian 金勉 , Li 李 Tianjun 田军 , Liu 刘 Shi-hang 世航 , Niu 牛 Jia-Shu 家树 , Peng 彭 Zhihui 智慧 , Sun 孙 Liang 亮 , Sun 孙 Zheng 铮 , Wang 王 Jia 佳 , Wei 卫 Puxian 镨先 , Wu 吴 Lina 利娜 , Xiang 相 Zhongchen 忠诚 , Yang 杨 Qiaoli 峤立 , Zhang 张 Chi 驰 , Zhang 张 Wenxing 文星 , Zhang 张 Xin 欣 , Zheng 郑 Dongning 东宁 , Zheng 郑 Ruifeng 瑞丰 , Zhou 周 Jian-yong 建勇 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Possible light bosonic dark matter interactions with the Standard Model photon have been searched using microwave resonant cavities. In this paper, we describe the cryogenic readout system calibration of a 7.138 GHz copper cavity with a loaded quality factor

whose operation at a temperature of 22 mK is based on a dilution refrigerator. Our readout system consists of High Electron Mobility Transistors working as cryogenic amplifiers at 4 K, plus room-temperature amplifiers and a spectrum analyzer for signal power detection. We tested the system with a superconducting two-level system based on a single-photon source in the microwave frequency regime. We obtained an overall 95.6 dB system gain and –71.4 dB attenuation in the cavity's input channel. The effective noise temperature of the measurement system is 7.5 K.
Signal alignment for cross-datasets in P300 brain-computer interfaces
Authors: Song Minseok , Gwon Daeun , Jun Sung Chan , Ahn Minkyu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Transfer learning has become an important issue in the brain-computer interface (BCI) field, and studies on subject-to-subject transfer within the same dataset have been performed. However, few studies have been performed on dataset-to-dataset transfer, including paradigm-to-paradigm transfer. In this study, we propose a signal alignment (SA) for P300 event-related potential (ERP) signals that is intuitive, simple, computationally less expensive, and can be used for cross-dataset transfer learning. Approach. We proposed a linear SA that uses the P300’s latency, amplitude scale, and reverse factor to transform signals. For evaluation, four datasets were introduced (two from conventional P300 Speller BCIs, one from a P300 Speller with face stimuli, and the last from a standard auditory oddball paradigm). Results. Although the standard approach without SA had an average precision (AP) score of 25.5%, the approach demonstrated a 35.8% AP score, and we observed that the number of subjects showing improvement was 36.0% on average. Particularly, we confirmed that the Speller dataset with face stimuli was more comparable with other datasets. Significance. We proposed a simple and intuitive way to align ERP signals that uses the characteristics of ERP signals. The results demonstrated the feasibility of cross-dataset transfer learning even between datasets with different paradigms.
Microscopic model for a Brownian translator
Authors: Wijns Bart , Eichhorn Ralf , Cleuren Bart 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A microscopic model for a translational Brownian motor, dubbed a Brownian translator, is introduced. It is inspired by the Brownian gyrator described by Filliger and Reimann (2007 Phys. Rev. Lett.
99 230602). The Brownian translator consists of a spatially asymmetric object moving freely along a line due to perpetual collisions with a surrounding ideal gas. When this gas has an anisotropic temperature, both spatial and temporal symmetries are broken and the object acquires a nonzero drift. Onsager reciprocity implies the opposite phenomenon, that is dragging a spatially asymmetric object into an (initially at) equilibrium gas induces an energy flow that results in anisotropic gas temperatures. Expressions for the dynamical and energetic properties are derived as a series expansion in the mass ratio (of gas particle vs. object). These results are in excellent agreement with molecular dynamics simulations.
Study of low-energy nuclear recoils in liquid argon with the ReD experiment
Authors: Pino N. , Ahmad I. , Albergo S. , Albuquerque I. , Atzori Corona M. , Ave M. , Bottino B. , Cadeddu M. , Caminata A. , Canci N. , Cesarano R. , Davini S. , Dias L.K.S. , Di Capua F. , Dolganov G. , Fiorillo G. , Franco D. , Gulino M. , Kemmerich N. , Kimura M. , Kuźniak M. , La Commara M. , Matteucci G. , Moura Santos E. , Oleynikov V. , Pandola L. , Perez Varona R. , Puglia S.M.R. , Rescigno M. , Sales Costa B. , Sanfilippo S. , Sunny C. , Suvorov Y. , Tartaglia R. , Testera G. , Tricomi A. , Wada M. , Wang Y. , Wojaczyński R. , Zakhary P. ,   the DarkSide-20k collaboration
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Liquid Argon (LAr) Time Projection Chambers (TPC) operating in double-phase can detect the
nuclear recoils (NR) possibly caused by the elastic scattering of WIMP dark matter particles via
light signals from both scintillation and ionization processes. In the scenario of a low-mass
WIMP (< 2 GeV/c2), the energy range for the NRs would be below 20 keV, thus making it crucial
to characterize the ionization response in LAr TPCs as the lone available detection channel at
such low energy. The Recoil Directionality (ReD) project, within the Global Argon Dark Matter
Collaboration, aims to measure the ionization yield of a LAr TPC in the recoil energy range of 2–5 keV. The measurement was performed in winter 2023 at the INFN Sezione of Catania and the
analysis is ongoing.
SiC based beam monitoring system for particle rates from kHz to GHz
Authors: Waid Simon , Gsponer Andreas , Burin Jürgen , Gaggl Philipp , Thalmeier Richard , Bergauer Thomas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The extremely low dark current of silicon carbide (SiC) detectors, even after high-fluence irradiation, was utilized to develop a beam monitoring system for a wide range of particle rates, i.e., from the kHz to the GHz regime. The system is completely built from
off-the-shelf
components and is focused on compactness and simple deployment. Beam tests using a 50 um thick SiC detector reveal, that for low fluences, single particles can be detected and counted. For higher fluences, beam properties were extracted from beam cross sections using a silicon strip detector.
Overall, accurate
results were achieved up to a particle rate of 109 particles per second.