bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religiosity and Trust in Religious Institutions: Tales from the South Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia)
Authors: Charles Robia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article examines the determinants of trust in religious institutions in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia — three countries with low levels of religiosity as measured by attendance, prayer and fasting, yet high levels of trust in religious institutions. The analysis employs individual-level survey data and uses ordinary least squares regression to show that while religious practices do not determine trust in religious institutions, the importance of religion in one's daily life is a strong indicator of trust in religious institutions in each country. The results also show some differences among these countries with regard to two types of control variables — trust in secular institutions and socioeconomic factors. In Georgia, interpersonal trust is a significant indicator of trust in religious institutions. Residence in the capital is only significant in Azerbaijan. Finally, both education and age are significant in Armenia. Additionally, two theories of trust in institutions are tested. First, a cultural theory of interpersonal trust proves ambiguous in the region. Second, the presence of both low religious practice and high trust in religious institutions in these countries challenges reformulated secularization theories that consider declining religious authority — measured by trust in religious institutions — as a form of secularization.
Prevalence of Speech Problems and the Use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Registry-Based Study in Norway
Authors: Andersen Guro , Mjøen Tone R. , Vik Torstein 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This study describes the prevalence of speech problems and the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Norway. Information on the communicative abilities of 564 children with CP born 1996–2003, recorded in the Norwegian CP Registry, was collected. A total of 270 children (48%) had normal speech, 90 (16%) had slightly indistinct speech, 52 (9%) had indistinct speech, 35 (6%) had very indistinct speech, 110 children (19%) had no speech, and 7 (1%) were unknown. Speech problems were most common in children with dyskinetic CP (92 %), in children with the most severe gross motor function impairments and among children being totally dependent on assistance in feeding or tube-fed children. A higher proportion of children born at term had speech problems when compared with children born before 32 weeks of gestational age 32 (p > 0.001). Among the 197 children with speech problems only, 106 (54%) used AAC in some form. Approximately 20% of children had no verbal speech, whereas ~15% had significant speech problems. Among children with either significant speech problems or no speech, only 54% used AAC in any form.
Clinical Impressions of How Young Children Use AAC at Home and in Child Care Settings: A Canadian Perspective
Authors: Wishart Kathryn 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Speech-language pathologists, working in a multicultural, community-based environment for young children with special needs in Vancouver, Canada, collected information on 84 clients using AAC from a chart review. The speech-language pathologists collected additional usage information and attended a group interview to discuss barriers and facilitators of AAC. Thirty-one percent of the children were using AAC. Children aged between 16 and 72 months typically relied on multiple modes of communication, including sign, communication boards and binders, and low- and high-tech communication devices. All of the children used at least one type of unaided mode. Fifty-five percent used pictures or communication boards/displays, and 29% used technology with speech output. Similarities in usage of AAC were noted in home and child-care settings with increased use of unaided in homes and a slightly increased use of aided communication in child care settings. Speech-language pathologists reported that the time needed for AAC intervention as well as limited funding for high-tech devices continue to be major barriers. Additional research is needed to describe current AAC practices with young children particularly from minority linguistic and cultural backgrounds. Stakeholder input is needed to explore perceptions of children's usage of AAC in daily life with familiar and unfamiliar communication partners.
Disturbing Contrasts
Authors: Rank Mark Robert 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis chapter begins with a brief discussion of the reality of poverty in America. It then outlines the purpose of the book, which to provide a radically different perspective on American poverty. It is argued that poverty is the result of systemic failings within the U.S. economic and social structures, that a majority of Americans experience poverty during their adult lifetimes, and that poverty is an issue of vital national concern. In short, the book lays out and details a paradigm for thinking about U.S. poverty that is entirely different from the manner in which this issue has traditionally been thought about. Such a paradigm shift is essential to constructing lasting and effective changes that will reduce the severity, magnitude, and injustice of American poverty. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
Fine Fathers and Good Genes
Authors: Hill Geoffrey E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThere are two potential payoffs for a female who mates with a highly ornamented male: resources for herself and her offspring and good genes for offspring. Male House Finches with brighter plumage coloration feed incubating females and chicks in their nests more than drabber males. Some indirect evidence also supports the hypothesis that female gain good genes by pairing with highly ornamented males but this idea remains to be fully tested.
May the Force Be with You
Authors: Ogilvie Daniel M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter focuses on ideas regarding flight fantasies offered by Carl Jung. Jung's alternative to Freud's proposition regarding the meaning of flying fantasies is that they represent humankind's search for the soul, the true essence of the human being. Images of flying and symbols that we see in the sky signify that we have become disunited from the source of existence and also, when treated properly, invite us to become complete by realizing Wholeness. Wholeness can only be found by granting the collective unconscious its proper place in our lives; by knowing it, accepting it, and by learning to trust its wisdom.
Damasio’s Inside-Out Theory of Self-Development
Authors: Ogilvie Daniel M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Antonio Damasio's theory of self and consciousness. Damasio is a researcher and scholar on the topic of the human brain; he is a neurologist at the University of Iowa who maintains an affiliation with the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California. His theory of self and consciousness is built on his own and other neurologists' observations of the behavioral and cognitive effects of damage to specific regions of the brain. Some of these impairments are caused by accidents, others by lesions, tumors, diseases, or birth defects. Following the tradition of compassionate and lucid writing about neurological disorders established by Oliver Sacks, Damasio creates a model of “normal” brain development that is based on studies of individuals whose brains have been compromised by damage.
Marc Chagall
Authors: Ogilvie Daniel M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Marc Chagall (1887-1985) is one of the most significant painters and graphic artists of the 20th century. His oil paintings and watercolors are among the prized possessions of museums throughout the Western world. This chapter addresses the question of how depictions of levitated objects initially came to be one of Chagall's trademarks. Houses, carts, people, animals, and fish do not occupy their standard places in many of his paintings. Some objects are suspended in the air or depicted as floating upside down. Some images appear to be rising and others falling. Images of fire and water, the other two elements of an Icarian theme, also make their appearances in his artwork, and both are prominent topics in his autobiography.
Children and HIV
Authors: Gossart-Walker Sandra , Murphy Robert A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The Yale Child Study Center, through its Program for HIV-Affected Children and Families, has developed a community-based approach to the mental health care of children and families beset by HIV/AIDS. This chapter explores the unique opportunities inherent in providing mental health care to HIV-infected and HIV-affected children using non-traditional techniques. The chapter begins by briefly providing a history of HIV-affected children on a national level, followed by a detailed discussion of the Program for HIV-Affected Children and Families, including the issues faced by these children and their families. Two case vignettes illustrate the need and challenges of home-based work with HIV-affected children.
Partners for Success
Authors: Sessions Phebe , Fanolis Verba 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter presents the work of Partners for Success (PfS), a collaborative project between Smith College School for Social Work (SSW) and an urban public school system of a mid-size city in the Northeast. In a context of widespread experimentation in locating mental health services in the public schools, this program succeeded in achieving the goals of providing multi-systemic mental health services consistent with system-of-care principles, while preparing social work interns for clinical and leadership roles in school-based mental health services. The chapter describes the impetus for the project, the initial negotiations between the two partners, the agreed-upon goals, the initial stages of entry and engagement, a lengthy period of stability and expansion, the clinical model that evolved over time, evaluative studies of the degree of satisfaction experienced by different stakeholders, and the process of adjustment to recent financial crisis in the schools, with reduction in the scope of the program, coupled with integration into the structure of the school system. The story is supplemented by integrating discussions of important issues from the literature about school-based mental health practice, as well as with case examples.
Creating a Community of Care for Seriously Emotionally Distressed Youth
Authors: Levine Katherine Gordy 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter describes the Visiting Nurse Service of New York's Mobile Community Support Service's (MCSS), the creation of a caring community for emotionally distressed youth based on recognizing that we are one; we are family. The MCSS is a component of Families Reaching in Ever New Directions, Inc. (FRIENDS, Inc.). The chapter briefly reviews the theoretical changes leading to the current emphasis on community-based, family-driven care; describes key components of the tri-level intervention model of care; illustrates use of the model and discusses outcomes, including difficulties as well as successes; and reviews lessons learned.
The Neighborhood Place
Authors: Armbruster Paula , Ewing Laura , DeVarennes Virginia , Prestin Abigail , Lochner Lisa , Chock Ursula , Bougdaeva Saglar 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter describes the Neighborhood Place, an innovative prevention program with two primary goals: to engage children from marginalized, disenfranchised families in constructive activities outside of the school day, and to give them a voice for the expression of their thoughts and emotions. By engaging these children in positive activities, routines, and structures in a stigma-free environment, problems, should they emerge, could be addressed on-site without the customary referral to a “clinic.” Additionally, children would learn pro-social skills and have an opportunity to channel their talents and energies in ways that are socially acceptable and appropriate. The chapter comprises four components: background, literature review, program description, and summary. Specifics of the program are addressed so that it can be adapted or replicated in various environments.
Open Dialogue Integrates Individual and Systemic Approaches in Serious Psychiatric Crises
Authors: Seikkula Jaakko 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter presents the work of the Open Dialogue (OD) approach to mental health intervention in psychiatric crises developed by a team of clinicians and researchers in Finland. In Open Dialogue, the first treatment meeting occurs within 24 hours after contact and includes as many significant people as possible from the patient's social network. The aim is to generate dialogue and put words to the experiences embodied in the patient's psychotic symptoms. Psychosis is a way of responding to stressful life situations, and in therapy, generating dialogue becomes the primary aim. All issues are analyzed and addressed with everyone present. Treatment is adapted to the specific and varying needs of patients and takes place at home, if possible. Psychological continuity and trust are emphasized by constructing integrated teams that include both inpatient and outpatient staff, all of whom focus on generating dialogue with the family and patients instead of trying to rapidly remove psychotic symptoms. Treatment is based on generating dialogue; a case is analyzed to illustrate this principle.
Precursors to Verb Learning: Infants' Understanding of Motion Events
Authors: Casasola Marianella , Bhagwat Jui , Ferguson Kim T. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter shows how particular relational meanings are formed independently of language, whereas others require linguistic input to develop. It argues that the contribution of nonlinguistic versus linguistic input in the formation of relational meanings varies not only with the concept in question but also with the developmental point at which the concept begins to develop. The chapter begins by reviewing the current literature on infants' understanding of motion events, demonstrating that young infants possess a rich understanding of various types of motion events. It then shows that infants' perceptual and cognitive abilities do not provide them with an understanding of all action events. Finally, it delineates a developmental progression for infants' understanding of motion events. Specifically, it demonstrates how developmental changes in infants' ability to form an abstract categorical representation of a dynamic spatial event follows a specific-to-abstract progression, and that language exerts its influence on infants' discrimination and categorization of particular motion events by modulating this progression.
Verbs, Actions, and Intentions
Authors: Behrend Douglas A. , Scofield Jason 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter investigates the interrelatedness of human actions, the intentions that guide those actions, and the language used to label and describe those actions. It describes several studies which have attempted to empirically document the ways in which intentions, actions, and verbs are related in young children's growing understanding of the physical, mental, and linguistic world around them. The chapter concludes by suggesting a model in which developmental achievements in both language development and in early theory of mind — as documented by children's growing sophistication in their understanding of the intentional basis of human behavior — mutually and reciprocally influence each other in nontrivial manners.
Older Adults With Age-Related Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ai Amy L. , Carrigan Lynn 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 40 million Americans are age 65 or older in 2010. This population-aging trend will considerably increase the incidence of chronic diseases, especially age-related cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Social workers must enhance their knowledge of CVD in order to improve their practice with the elderly. This chapter describes the immense impact of age-related CVD on society, older persons, and the disadvantaged; its important mental health comorbidity, particularly depression; and related social work practice.
Older Adults With Diabetes and Complications
Authors: Francoeur Richard , Elkins Jennifer 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
According to the American Diabetes Association, approximately 8.6 million adults age 60 years or older were affected with diabetes in 2002. By 2050, the largest increase (336%) in prevalence of diagnosed diabetes will be in individuals 75 years or older. Older adults with diabetes are at especially high risk for developing cardiovascular complications, kidney damage, vision problems, neuropathy, foot problems, and cognitive impairment. It is essential that every social worker become more knowledgeable about the impact of diabetes and its complications in older populations, as this will allow social workers to provide more appropriate and effective services, not only directly with older adults, but indirectly through family and friends. This chapter discusses complications associated with diabetes, including the medical, psychological, and social risk factors. Treatment and intervention approaches relevant to social work practice are reviewed, and implications for social work practice are highlighted.
Older Adults With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Lightfoot Elizabeth 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Developmental disabilities are a diverse group of physical and/or mental impairments that begin anytime up until 22 years of age and are usually life-long. Development disabilities limit a person's capacity to engage in major life activities such as independent living, mobility, language, learning, working, decision making, and self-care. Common diagnoses that often fall under the definition of developmental disabilities include intellectual disability, autism, cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, vision impairment, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There are currently about 4 million people in the United States with a developmental disability. This chapter primarily focuses on issues faced by older people with intellectual disabilities.
Older Adults With Age-Related Sensory Loss
Authors: Stuen Cynthia 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Sensory impairment has a profound impact on older persons, affecting their health, mental health, and quality of life status. Recognition of and attention to age-related sensory loss, particularly vision and hearing, are important in providing social work services to older adults. Knowing the difference between the normal changes in sensory systems and those that are caused by age-related disorders should be basic knowledge for gerontological social workers. It is also important to recognize that for many older adults, sensory losses occur in the context of other comorbid health conditions. This chapter focuses on the continuum of sensory loss of vision and hearing, although some brief attention will be given to the chemosensory areas of taste and smell. The focus is on older adults who acquire an age-related sensory loss in later life, not on the population of older persons who are aging with an early-onset sensory loss. It first discusses normal changes and disease-related sensory impairments and their prevalence. It then presents an overview of the specialized service-systems of vision rehabilitation and aural rehabilitation, and the functional and psychosocial consequences of sensory losses, followed by the implications for social work practice and policy issues. How social work has dealt with people with disabilities concludes the chapter.
Older Adults With Substance/Alcohol Abuse Problems
Authors: Shibusawa Tazuko 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Alcohol and drug abuse and misuse among older adults are one of the fastest growing public health problems in the United States. The problems, however, remain underdiagnosed and undertreated, and have been referred to as an invisible epidemic. With the aging of the baby boomers, a cohort with more liberal attitudes toward substance use than previous cohorts, the problem is expected to increase in the coming years. This chapter focuses on the three types of substance abuse among older adults: alcohol abuse, medication abuse and misuse, and illicit drug use.
Older Adults and Work in the 21st Century
Authors: Akabas Sheila H. , Gates Lauren B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter identifies who older working adults are by legislative definition, workplace policy, and life experience. It examines their contact with work in relation to the various statuses they may occupy, including transitional retirement, total retirement, and continuing employment, and how this varies with individual characteristics and other factors affecting withdrawal from the labor force due to age. It then suggests what social workers can do in order to help older workers achieve the connection to a work role that they may desire, or to satisfy a successful termination of that role if that is their choice. The chapter argues that it is not possible to serve the needs of older adults without understanding their work histories, what has influenced the status they now hold with regard to work, what their preferences are in relation to work, and how to help them achieve their desired state, as well as how the workplace culture and social policy act as an influential context for individual experience.
Immigrant and Refugee Elders
Authors: Moon Ailee , Rhee Siyon 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter discusses social work practice with immigrant and refugee elders. The elderly immigrant population in the United States is becoming increasingly diverse based on racial and ethnic background, reasons for immigration, age at time of immigration, length of residence in the United States, and English proficiency. The well-being and process of adjustment of immigrant elders is affected by their immigration histories, cultural norms and values, and socioeconomic backgrounds. The chapter discusses the role of family and caregiving with immigrant elders, emphasizing both the importance of traditional family values and the impact on family issues of living in a different culture. It also considers mental health issues and psychological distress, service utilization and barriers to service use, and implications for social work practice with immigrant and refugee elders. It emphasizes the need for social workers to be culturally competent and to recognize both intragroup and intergroup differences within this population.
Mistreated and Neglected Elders
Authors: TOMITA SUSAN 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter focuses on social work practice with elders who have been mistreated or neglected, a problem area that has been recognized only within the past two decades. It discusses various types of elder mistreatment, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, financial abuse, identity theft, undue influence, and neglect and self-neglect. Whether an act is considered abusive or neglectful is defined based on intentionality, severity, intensity, frequency, and consequences. The chapter reviews theories of causation of elder mistreatment, as well as the characteristics of perpetrators and victims. A major emphasis is the presentation of specific assessment and counseling strategies for social workers to use in working with elders when maltreatment is suspected.