bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of giant cell tumour of bone cells for Noonan syndrome/Cherubism‐related mutations
Authors: Moskovszky Linda , Idowu Bernadine , Taylor Richard , Mertens Fredrik , Athanasou Nicholas , Flanagan Adrienne 
Published: June 2012

Background:  Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is an osteolytic tumour which contains numerous osteoclast‐like giant cells and a proliferation of mononuclear stromal cells (MSC). Giant cell‐rich osteolytic lesions can also develop in the jaw bones in Noonan syndrome, a cherubism‐like developmental abnormality that is transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion, often because of mutation in the PTPN11 or BRAF genes.Methods:  We screened GCTBs for mutations in PTPN11 and BRAF to determine whether GCTBs develop through alterations of genes involved in Noonan syndrome. MSC were isolated from 10 GCTBs.Results:  Chromosome banding analysis of these cells revealed telomeric associations (tas) in 7 of the 10 cases. Thus, the cultured cells expressed a cytogenetic abnormality typically found in short‐term cultures from GCTBs. Sequencing of DNA extracted from the seven GCTB‐derived MSC cultures displaying tas did not identify any mutation in PTPN11 or in exons 9–15 of BRAF.Conclusion:  Our findings indicate that the molecular pathways involved in GCTB development are different from those causing Noonan syndrome. The method for isolating and culturing GCTB stromal cells described in this study generated a population of MSC that contained tas, indicating that it is useful for obtaining stromal cells from GCTB and other giant cell‐rich lesions, such as giant cell reparative granuloma, for genetic and other studies.
Seasonal variation in the occurrence of delirium in patients admitted to medical units of a general hospital in Italy
Authors: Gallerani Massimo , Manfredini Roberto 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveDelirium syndrome is common in the hospitalised population. However, data on its aetiological factors are scarce. Clinical observations suggest a relationship between delirium occurrence and seasons. The aim of study was to determine whether a seasonal variation exists in the occurrence of delirium events in‐hospital patients.MethodsThe study included all admissions to the medical units of the Hospital of Ferrara, Italy, between January 2002 and December 2010. On the basis of date admission, cases have been analysed for seasonal variation (four 3‐month intervals by seasons) by means of conventional statistics. Moreover, cases categorised into twelve 1‐month intervals were also analysed by means of a validated chronobiologic inferential method (single cosinor) to search for cyclic variability.ResultsDuring the analysed period, the hospital database contained 74 379 records referring to 42 625 subjects (52.7% females). Delirium diagnoses were 1300 (1.7% of total sample), 668 of whom in females (51.4%) and 632 in males (48.6%). Events of delirium were more frequent in winter and autumn (26.6 and 26.5%, respectively) than in spring (23.5%) and summer (23.4%). Chronobiological analysis yielded a significant peak of delirium events in January, when considering both the total raw number of cases and the percent of admissions.ConclusionsThe study seems to indicate in patients hospitalised in medical units, a higher rate of occurrence of delirium in autumn‐winter, similar to that reported for acute medical diseases. The role of possible underlying favouring or triggering factors deserves further research.
Placebo-controlled cross-over study of the monoaminergic stabiliser (−)-OSU6162 in mental fatigue following stroke or traumatic brain injury
Authors: Johansson Birgitta , Carlsson Arvid , Carlsson Maria L. , Karlsson Magdalena , Nilsson Marie K.L. , Nordquist-Brandt Elisabeth , Rönnbäck Lars 
Published: June 2012

Objective: Mental fatigue occurring after a stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in difficulties returning to work and pursuing social activities. No effective treatment of this condition is available today. In this study, we have tested a novel pharmacological strategy using the monoaminergic stabiliser (−)-OSU6162.Methods: (−)-OSU6162 was given orally for 4 weeks in doses increasing from 15 to 45 mg b.i.d. to 12 patients suffering from mental fatigue, following upon stroke (n=6) or TBI (n=6). (−)-OSU6162 was compared with placebo using a double-blind, randomised cross-over design. Patients included were well rehabilitated physically with no gross impairment in cognitive functions other than those related to the mental fatigue.Results: (−)-OSU6162 caused a remarkable improvement in mental stamina, as evaluated by a self-assessment scale on mental fatigue. Statistical significance was reached on the primary endpoint (Mental Fatigue Scale). There was a trend towards improvement in the secondary endpoints processing speed and attention. Principal component analysis showed an overall positive treatment effect in 7 of 12 patients. Beneficial responses were seen already during the first few days of active drug treatment. Increasing dosage caused no further improvement. Adverse reactions consisted of short-lasting mild nausea and attenuated appetite. These side effects disappeared upon dose reduction.Conclusion: The monoaminergic stabiliser (−)-OSU6162 offers promise as a candidate for treatment of mental fatigue after a stroke or TBI.
The mouse palate and its cellular responses to midpalatal suture expansion forces
Authors: Katebi N. , Kolpakova‐Hart E. , Lin C. Y. , Olsen B. R. 
Published: June 2012

Katebi N., Kolpakova‐Hart E., Lin C. Y., Olsen B. R. The mouse palate and its cellular responses to midpalatal suture expansion forces  Orthod Craniofac Res 2012;15:148–158. John Wiley & Sons A/SStructured AbstractObjectives –  To investigate the anatomy of the mouse palate, the midpalatal suture, and the cellular characteristics in the sutures before and immediately after midpalatal suture expansion.Materials and Methods –  Wild‐type C57BL/6 male mice, aged between 6 weeks and 12 months, were chosen for all the experiments. The complete palate of the non‐operated group and the midpalatal suture‐expanded group at different ages was used for histological, micro‐CT, immunohistochemistry, and sutural cell analyses.Results –  This study documents precise morphological and histological characteristics of the mouse palatal sutures. In addition to the opening of the midpalatal suture caused by expansion, both transverse and interpalatine sutures were also seen to be affected. Cellular density was decreased in different types of sutures following the application of mechanical force.Conclusions –  The detailed morphology and histology of the mouse palate and the cellular changes that occur following midpalatal suture expansion, as described here, will be helpful as a basis for further investigations of palatal suture tissue responses to mechanical force.
Identification of ICAD‐derived peptides capable of inhibiting caspase‐activated DNase
Authors: Kutscher Daniel , Pingoud Alfred , Jeltsch Albert , Meiss Gregor 
Published: June 2012

The DNA fragmentation factor is a heterodimeric complex that consists of caspase‐activated DNase (CAD) and its inhibitor (ICAD). As only partial structural information on this nuclease/inhibitor complex is available, understanding of how its subunits interact on the molecular level remains largely elusive, particularly how CAD inhibition is achieved by ICAD. In this study, we used the SPOT (peptide array) method to identify protein–protein interaction sites in the DNA fragmentation factor complex, focusing on those possibly involved in CAD inhibition. We observed a particularly strong interaction of ICAD with the dimerization (C2) domain of CAD. Additional interactions with the Zn2+‐binding site close to the catalytic centre and the catalytic centre itself in the C3 domain of CAD were detected, suggesting that prevention of CAD homodimerization and local structural perturbation or blocking of the active site together constitute a dual inhibitory mechanism to effectively inhibit CAD. The results obtained by the SPOT method were validated by performing inhibition assays employing selected soluble ICAD‐derived peptides. In these assays, two ICAD‐derived peptides were identified that are capable of efficiently and specifically inhibiting CAD activity in solution.Structured digital abstract
ICAD binds to CAD by peptide array (View Interaction: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
CAD binds to ICAD by peptide array (View Interaction: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
Kinetics and Model Building on Ultrasonic Extraction of Schisandrin From Fruit of Schisandra chinensis
Authors: Zhou Ling , Wang Xuekui , Sha Zuoliang , Xu Hongbin , Xiao Qinggui 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of the extraction schisandrin of Schisandra chinensis was investigated. Based on the assumption of a second‐order mechanism for the extraction, a conventional extraction model and an ultrasonic extraction model were developed to predict the extraction rate constant, the extraction capacity, and the initial extraction rate with various temperatures and ultrasound powers.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe models of conventional extraction and an ultrasonic extraction based on the assumption of a second‐order mechanism can interpret and give guidance to the leaching process of traditional Chinese medicine qualitatively and quantitatively. The three‐dimensional predictive model not only helped to understand the process of ultrasonic extraction, control and optimize parameter of process, but also evaluate the capacity of leaching at all times and temperatures.
Are we really doing better with Hem‐o‐lok in VATS?
Authors: Lv Xiayi , Wang Zhitian , Cha Yuxin , Hu Jian , Rusidanmu Aizemaiti , He Zhehao 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:  Due to advances in clip design, new types of surgical ligation clips are available that may reduce clip failure and improve function, but in the field of minimally invasive thoracic surgery, experience of using Hem‐o‐lok for pulmonary artery ligation is limited.Methods:  To assess risk factors and predictors of failure of the Hem‐o‐lok vascular clip, using vessels harvested from a porcine model.Results:  The Hem‐o‐lok clip had the worst holding strength compared to other clips. Its hemostatic ability for pulmonary vessels was far less stable compared with renal and hepatic vessels. The Hem‐o‐lok clip either leaked or burst when the vessel to which it was applied was cut flush. The clip became even more likely to fail if the vessel sleeve was mobilized too “clean.”Conclusion:  Our experiment proved that the use of Hem‐o‐lok clips in video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has some potential risk. We recommend that all possible care be taken when it is applied to pulmonary vessels during VATS. Leaving some tissues around vessels may increase the thickness of the vessel, which, in turn, may increase the holding strength.
Differences in weight status and energy‐balance related behaviours according to ethnic background among adolescents in seven countries in Europe: the ENERGY‐project
Authors: Brug J. , van Stralen M. M. , ChinAPaw M. J. M. , De Bourdeaudhuij I. , Lien N. , Bere E. , Singh A. S. , Maes L. , Moreno L. , Jan N. , Kovacs E. , Lobstein T. , Manios Y. , te Velde S. J. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore differences in weight status and energy balance behaviours according to ethnic background among adolescents across Europe.MethodsA school‐based survey among 10–12‐year‐old adolescents was conducted in seven European countries. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured; engagement in physical activity, sedentary and dietary behaviour, and sleep duration was assessed by child and parent‐report. A distinction between native and non‐native ethnic background was based on language spoken at home, and the parents' country of birth. Analyses were conducted with and without adjustment for parental education.ResultsWith valid data on both indicators of ethnic background for 5149 adolescents, 7307 adolescents (52% girls; 11.6 ± 0.7 years) participated. Significantly higher prevalence of overweight, obesity, body mass index and waist circumference were observed among non‐native compared with native adolescents. Non‐native adolescents had less favourable behavioural patterns (sugary drinks, breakfast skipping, sport, TV and computer time, hours of sleep) with the exception of active transport to school. Similar patterns were observed for both indicators of ethnicity, and in most of the separate countries; however, in Greece, weight status indicators were better among non‐native adolescents. After adjustment for parental education, most differences remained significant according to country of origin of the parents, but not according to language spoken at home.ConclusionAdolescents of native ethnicity of the country of residence have, in general, more favourable weight status indicators and energy balance‐related behaviours than adolescents of non‐native ethnicity across Europe.
Field guide for the historical mining site of Mineral de Pozos, Guanajuato, east-central Mexico
Authors: Carrillo-Chávez Alejandro , Levresse Gilles , Reyes Juventino Martínez 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Silver and gold mineralization was discovered in the late 1600s in the epithermal sulfide-rich veins of Mineral de Pozos Mining District, northeast Guanajuato state, Mexico. The main exploitation period of this mining district was between 1888 and 1922, with sporadic activities until 1942. Exploitation of the deposit is estimated at 1,200,000 tons of ore with average of 202 g/ton silver, and 11.83 g/ton Au. Mineral waste materials (more than 1 million tons) are scattered along the area on the main creeks and in the ancient processing plants (Haciendas de Beneficio). In this field guide, we present brief descriptions of the mineralization, the geology of the area, some of the ancient processing plants, and the potential dispersion of metals derived from the mine tailings into the environment (soil, sediments, and groundwater). Despite the relatively high concentrations of As and Pb in groundwater (0.011–0.090 mg/l As and 0.025–0.035 mg/l Pb), we consider that these values represent natural background values rather than contamination derived from anthropogenic input. However, we consider that Zn is the only metal potentially derived from mining activities being released to the environment. The historical processing plants offer a very interesting perspective of the more than a century old mining activities.
Engineering geology approach to the effects of land subsidence in Mexico City
Authors: Cerca Mariano , Carreón-Freyre Dora , López-Quiroz Penélope , Ovando-Shelley Efraín , Doin Marie Pierre , Gutierrez-Calderón Raúl , González-Hernández Marcos , Jimenez-Sánchez Alejandra , Blancas-Dominguez Daniel 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The modern Mexico Megacity occupies almost a third of the surface of the Valley of Mexico, and it is exposed to natural and man-induced hazards affecting many aspects of urban development. Land subsidence is a geo-hazard imposing important constraints in the urban development by the gradual decrease in elevation of the land surface. This is caused either naturally, by the extraction of water, oil, minerals, or gas from the subsurface, or by the interaction between natural and anthropogenic forces. In this field trip guide we examine regional land subsidence and the vulnerability to fracturing of the lacustrine soils. Groundwater has been over-exploited for human consumption in Mexico City during the past 70 years, leading to a dramatic decline of piezometric levels and the associated land and subsoil deformation. Interdisciplinary research from geologists and engineers may play an important role in understanding the relationship between geological processes and the suitability of land for urban use.
Geology and tectonics of the southeastern portion of the Sierra de Guanajuato
Authors: Aranda-Gómez José Jorge , Dávila-Harris Pablo , Vassallo-Morales Luis Fernando , Godchaux Martha , Bonnichsen Bill , Martínez-Reyes Juventino , Aguirre-Díaz Gerardo de Jesús , Ortega-Rivera Maria Amabel 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Guanajuato has a long history (450 years) of mineral exploitation and remarkable silver and gold production from a complex system of fault-veins. Despite this, it is only in the past 40 years that the systematic study of its geology has been conducted. Mid-Tertiary epithermal veins occur in all the Mesozoic and Paleogene rock units exposed in the mining district, and mineralization seems to be the result of the combination of several geologic factors, such as the occurrence of greenschists in the basal complex, a thick sequence of Early Paleogene red beds overlain by a thick succession of Oligocene volcanic rocks with the existence of one or more paleolakes when the volcanoes were active. The systematic study of the greenschists and associated plutonic and sedimentary rocks in the basal complex of Sierra de Guanajuato has contributed significant information to the concept of accretion of the Guerrero terrane to the SW end of the North American craton in the Early Cretaceous. Research on the Eocene red bed sequence suggests that early extension occurred creating fault patterns that later were reactivated during Neogene Basin and Range pulses. Immediately east of the city of Guanajuato, a thick volcanic sequence is exposed, with two pyroclastic units formed by felsic ignimbrites that almost certainly are related to a nearby caldera, which was active immediately prior to Ag-Au mineralization. The first activity pulse of the caldera produced the Bufa ignimbrite, a massive unit that displays very large thickness variations (300 to &lt;10 m) in short distances, which we interpret as a signal that it may be an intracaldera deposit. The second explosive pulse originated the Calderones formation, a unit formed by an undetermined but large number of ignimbrites, surge deposits, layers with accretionary lapilli, and epiclastic-volcanic deposits. The Calderones formation is characterized by pervasive chloritization, which points out toward the presence of external water in the system, probably related to one or more shallow lakes within the caldera previously formed by the Bufa eruption. Lithofacies variations and stratigraphic arguments suggest that the Guanajuato caldera was probably located near the Cerro Alto de Villalpando and La Peregrina lava dome complex. Morphological and structural evidence of the caldera are masked by several pulses of younger normal faulting which affected the southern portion of the Mexican Basin and Range Province (i.e., Mesa Central).
What is the burden of alcohol-related injuries in an inner city emergency department?
Authors: Hoskins Rebecca , Benger Jonathan 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundThe annual cost to the NHS of alcohol-related injury and illness is estimated to be £2.7 billion. Alcohol-related violence has become a concerning public health issue. This study set out to establish the burden of alcohol-related violence in an inner city UK emergency department (ED).MethodsThis single centre study was undertaken in the ED of the Bristol Royal Infirmary. This department serves an inner city population. An independent researcher administered a questionnaire to every patient who attended during the study period. A questionnaire was also administered to the treating clinician to ascertain the diagnosis, and whether the patient's attendance was related to alcohol use.Results14% (n=111) of participants felt that their attendance at the ED was related to alcohol. 11% of all injured patients felt it was due to alcohol consumption. 3% of patients attended with an alcohol-related illness. The treating clinicians reported that 21% of all patients in this study attended with a problem either directly or indirectly attributable to alcohol.DiscussionThe number of attendances attributable to alcohol-related injury and illness was at least 14% of all patients. One third of patients presenting with an alcohol-related illness or injury required admission to hospital. If these figures are extrapolated, the number of patients presenting with alcohol-related injury is in excess of 7000 attendances to the Bristol Royal Infirmary annually, or nearly 2 million ED patients every year in England and Wales, resulting in 640 000 admissions.
Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 is correlated with carotid intraplaque hemorrhage in a swine model
Authors: Jiang Xiao-Bing , Wang Jin-Shan , Liu Dong-Hong , Yuan Wei-Si , Shi Zhong-Song 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveCarotid intraplaque hemorrhage may result in rapid worsening of stenosis and thrombus formation leading to stroke in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of the lesional expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 with carotid plaque and intraplaque hemorrhage in a swine model.MethodsCarotid atherosclerosis was induced in miniswine using a combination of partial ligation and a high cholesterol diet. The carotid artery and rete mirabile were obtained for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies at 3 months. Atherosclerotic changes were classified by Stary stage according to the American Heart Association and the features of vulnerable carotid plaque were assessed. The association of MMP-9 expression in the carotid plaque with intraplaque hemorrhage was analyzed.ResultsOne hundred and ninety-one carotid segments from 10 carotid artery models were assessed. Among 139 segments with atherosclerotic changes, 102 had advanced plaque (Stary stage IV–VI). Atheroemboli were found in all 10 rete mirabili, confirming the presence of vulnerable ipsilateral carotid plaques. There was a trend to increased MMP-9 expression in the group with advanced plaque. Areas positive for MMP-9 were significantly greater in plaques with intraplaque hemorrhage than in those without intraplaque hemorrhage (11.84±1.22% vs 6.63±0.59%, p<0.001).ConclusionsIncreased expression of MMP-9 is associated with intraplaque hemorrhage in a swine model of vulnerable carotid atherosclerosis.