bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome after fixation of ankle fractures with an injury to the syndesmosis
Authors: Hamid N. , Loeffler B. J. , Braddy W. , Kellam J. F. , Cohen B. E. , Bosse M. J. 
Published: August 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcome of patients with intact, broken and removed syndesmosis screws after Weber B or C ankle fracture with an associated injury to the syndesmosis. We hypothesised that there would be no difference. Of a possible 142 patients who fulfilled our inclusion criteria, 52 returned for clinical and radiological assessment at least one year after surgery. Of these, 27 had intact syndesmosis screws, ten had broken screws, and 15 had undergone elective removal of the screw. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle/hindfoot score was 83.07 (sd 13.59) in the intact screw group, 92.40 (sd 12.69) in the broken screw group, and 85.80 (sd 11.33) in the removed screw group (p = 0.0466). There was no difference in clinical outcome of patients with intact or removed syndesmotic screws. Paradoxically, patients with a broken syndesmosis screw had the best clinical outcome. Our data do not support the removal of intact or broken syndesmosis screws, and we caution against attributing post-operative ankle pain to breakage of the syndesmosis screw.
The biology of platelet-rich plasma and its application in trauma and orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Alsousou J. , Thompson M. , Hulley P. , Noble A. , Willett K. 
Published: August 2009

Although mechanical stabilisation has been a hallmark of orthopaedic surgical management, orthobiologics are now playing an increasing role. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a volume of plasma fraction of autologous blood having platelet concentrations above baseline. The platelet α granules are rich in growth factors that play an essential role in tissue healing, such as transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. PRP is used in various surgical fields to enhance bone and soft-tissue healing by placing supraphysiological concentrations of autologous platelets at the site of tissue damage. The easily obtainable PRP and its possible beneficial outcome hold promise for new regenerative treatment approaches.The aim of this literature review was to describe the bioactivities of PRP, to elucidate the different techniques for PRP preparation, to review animal and human studies, to evaluate the evidence regarding the use of PRP in trauma and orthopaedic surgery, to clarify risks, and to provide guidance for future research.
Hip resurfacings revised for inflammatory pseudotumour have a poor outcome
Authors: Grammatopolous G. , Pandit H. , Kwon Y.-M. , Gundle R. , McLardy-Smith P. , Beard D. J. , Murray D. W. , Gill H. S. 
Published: August 2009

Inflammatory pseudotumours occasionally occur after metal-on-metal hip resurfacing and often lead to revision. Our aim was to determine the severity of this complication by assessing the outcome of revision in these circumstances and by comparing this with the outcome of other metal-on-metal hip resurfacing revisions as well as that of matched primary total hip replacements. We identified 53 hips which had undergone metal-on-metal hip resurfacing and required revision at a mean of 1.59 years (0.01 to 6.69) after operation. Of these, 16 were revised for pseudotumours, 21 for fracture and 16 for other reasons. These were matched by age, gender and diagnosis with 103 patients undergoing primary total hip replacement with the Exeter implant. At a mean follow-up of three years (0.8 to 7.2) the outcome of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing revision for pseudotumour was poor with a mean Oxford hip score of 20.9 (sd 9.3) and was significantly worse (p < 0.001) than the outcome for fracture with a mean Oxford hip score of 40.2 (sd 9.2) or that for other causes with a mean Oxford hip score of 37.8 (sd 9.4). The clinical outcome of revision for pseudotumour was also significantly worse (p < 0.001) than the outcome of matched primary total hip replacements. By contrast, the outcome for fracture and other causes was not significantly different from that of matched primary total hip replacements (p = 0.065). After revision for pseudotumour there were three cases of recurrent dislocation, three of palsy of the femoral nerve, one of stenosis of the femoral artery and two of loosening of the component. Five hips required further revision. In three of these there was evidence of recurrent pseudotumour, and one is currently awaiting further revision. The incidence of major complications after revision for pseudotumour (50%) was significantly higher (p = 0.018) than that after revision for other causes (14%). The outcome of revision for pseudotumour is poor and consideration should be given to early revision to limit the extent of the soft-tissue destruction. The outcome of resurfacing revision for other causes is good.
Proposed Modifications for Models of Heat Transfer Problems Involving Partially Melted Phase Change Processes
Authors: Fang Yuan , Medina Mario A. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Air conditioning electricity consumption in summer represents a challenge in many areas with hot and humid climates. When incorporated into lightweight residential building walls, phase change materials (PCMs) can increase the effective thermal mass of the wall, which in turn will shift part of the cooling load to off-peak times and lower the peak space cooling load of the building. From analyses of experimental data, it was found that it was very likely that the PCMs, once integrated into the walls, would “start” the phase change process from partially melted states. Currently used simulation models, including the most widely accepted models, such as the effective heat capacity method and the enthalpy method, come short when handling phase change processes that start from partially melted states. The characteristics of how the heat is absorbed or released during the phase change process were studied through experimental and theoretical analyses. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) method and its detailed steps, used to obtain latent heat of fusion distribution along the phase change temperature range, are presented. Based on the DSC test data, a modified PCM model for a paraffin-based PCM was developed.
Role of Vapor Barrier in Wood-Frame Stucco Wall in Various North American Climates: Observations from Hygrothermal Simulation
Authors: Mukhopadhyaya Phalguni , Ping Fang , Kumaran Kumar , van Reenen David 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
This paper investigates the role of the vapor barrier in exterior wood-frame stucco walls with the help of a two-dimensional hygrothermal simulation tool, hygIRC-2D. For this purpose, the wall is subjected to the exterior weather conditions of six different North American geographic locations and three different interior climatic conditions. Seven different vapor diffusion strategies, generated by varying the water vapor permeance of the vapor barrier, installed outboard of the interior finish, have been studied to generate critical understanding on the role of vapor barrier in the wood-frame stucco walls. The outputs from the simulations have been analyzed with the help of a novel moisture response indicator called RHT index. Simulation results indicate that the vapor transmission characteristics of the vapor barrier, in terms of water vapor permeance, play a very important role in the overall moisture response of the wood-frame stucco wall. A very high or low vapor permeance of the vapor barrier does not produce the optimum moisture management strategy for the wood-frame stucco wall. Moreover, simulation results indicate that the removal of vapor barrier from the wall system can result in a heightened moisture response and a considerable accumulation of moisture in the interior gypsum board that may lead to severe consequences in particular, the premature deterioration of the interior facing gypsum board. It has also been observed from the simulation outputs that the optimum vapor diffusion strategy, that of limiting the vapor permeance of the vapor barrier, is not a function of interior climatic conditions considered in this study. It is hoped that the results reported in this paper will shed some light on a number of concerns raised in recent years on the role of vapor barrier in wood-frame stucco wall construction.
Foam Tests for Lubricating Oils: Limitations of Reliability and Reproducibility
Authors: Nadkarni R. A. Kishore 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The ASTM D892 foam test is a simple yet important method for evaluating the foaming tendency and stability of lubricating oils. Numerous interlaboratory studies have clearly shown the poor repeatability and reproducibility of this test. Often the quality of diffusers used in the test is questionable, yet many laboratories do not verify the diffuser quality. Perhaps using only the metal diffusers will improve the situation since these are machine made and can be fabricated to the required maximum pore size and permeability specifications. A review of the critical factors involved in conducting the ASTM D892 foam test is presented. Changes are proposed to the materials and procedures that will improve the precision of this important test method.
The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Periodontitis in the Copenhagen City Heart Study
Authors: Kongstad Johanne , Hvidtfeldt Ulla A. , Grønbæk Morten , Stoltze Kaj , Holmstrup Palle 
Published: August 2009

Background: Obesity is hypothesized to involve immunoinflammatory alterations, and the condition has been related to increased susceptibility to periodontitis. The present study analyzed the association between overweight/obesity and periodontitis assessed as clinical attachment loss (AL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) in a cross‐sectional design.Methods: Participants included 878 women and 719 men aged 20 to 95 years (participation rate 54%) who underwent an oral examination, including full‐mouth recording of clinical AL and BOP. Overweight and obesity were assessed by body mass index (BMI) using the World Health Organization criteria. BMI was related to clinical AL (defined as mean ≥3 mm) and BOP (defined as ≥25%) by multivariable logistic regression in the total population and in subjects stratified by gender and smoking habits.Results: Obese participants had a lower odds ratio (OR) for clinical AL compared to participants with normal weight (OR: 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36 to 0.99). The same tendency was observed in subjects stratified by smoking habit. Obese never‐smokers had a lower OR for clinical AL compared to never‐smoking participants with normal weight (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.91). Overweight participants had a higher OR for BOP compared to subjects with normal weight (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.78). In addition, overweight never‐smokers had a higher OR for BOP compared to normal weight never‐smokers (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.59).Conclusion: BMI may be inversely associated with clinical AL but positively related to BOP.
The Relationship Between Bleeding on Probing and Subgingival Deposits. An Endoscopical Evaluation
Authors: Checchi Luigi , Montevecchi Marco , Checchi Vittorio , Zappulla Franco 
Published: August 2009

Background:
Bleeding on probing (BOP) is an indicator of tissue inflammatory response to bacterial pathogens. Due to anatomical limitations, the entity and physical state of microbial aggregations located under the gingival margin and their relations to BOP have been hardly investigated till now. The recent introduction of the endoscopy has allowed clinicians to observe the subgingival environment in a non-traumatic way. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between BOP and subgingival deposits by using this new technology.

Methods:
107 teeth (642 individual sites) from 16 periodontal patients, treated with scaling and root planing, were evaluated for plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), endoscopic biofilm index (EBI), and endoscopic calculus index (ECI) at one-month revaluation.

Results:
A linear association between BOP and PD, EBI, and ECI was detected. The BOP provided a high level of specificity but quite low sensitivity values both for ECI (sensitivity 40%, specificity 86%) and EBI (sensitivity 37%, specificity 89%). The BOP sensitivity was directly linked to the amount of subgingival deposits.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates a direct relationship between BOP and presence/amount of subgingival deposits. More investigations on larger samples are, however, needed.
Intensive Glucose-Lowering Therapy Reduces Cardiovascular Disease Events in Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial Participants With Lower Calcified Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Reaven Peter D. , Moritz Thomas E. , Schwenke Dawn C. , Anderson Robert J. , Criqui Michael , Detrano Robert , Emanuele Nicholas , Kayshap Moti , Marks Jennifer , Mudaliar Sunder , Harsha Rao R. , Shah Jayendra H. , Goldman Steven , Reda Domenic J. , McCarren Madeline , Abraira Carlos , Duckworth William ,   for the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the hypothesis that baseline calcified coronary atherosclerosis may determine cardiovascular disease events in response to intensive glycemic control within the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
At baseline, 301 type 2 diabetic participants in the VADT, a randomized trial comparing the effects of intensive versus standard glucose lowering on cardiovascular events, had baseline coronary atherosclerosis assessed by coronary artery calcium (CAC) measured by computed tomography. Participants were followed over the 7.5-year study for development of cardiovascular end points.

RESULTS
During a median follow-up duration of 5.2 years, 89 cardiovascular events occurred. Although intensive glucose-lowering therapy did not significantly reduce cardiovascular events in the substudy cohort as a whole, there was evidence that the response was modified by baseline CAC, as indicated by significant P values for treatment by log(CAC + 1) interaction terms in unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted models (0.01 and 0.03, respectively). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the effect of treatment indicated a progressive diminution of benefit with increasing CAC. Subgroup analyses were also conducted for clinically relevant CAC categories: those above and below an Agatston score of 100. Among those randomized to intensive treatment, for the subgroup with CAC &gt;100, 11 of 62 individuals had events, while only 1 of 52 individuals with CAC ≤100 had an event. The multivariable HR for intensive treatment for those with CAC &gt;100 was 0.74 (95% CI 0.46–1.20; P = 0.21), while for the subgroup with CAC ≤100, the corresponding HR was 0.08 (0.008–0.77; P = 0.03), with event rates of 39 and 4 per 1,000 person-years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that intensive glucose lowering reduces cardiovascular events in those with less extensive calcified coronary atherosclerosis.
Incidence of and risk factors for postoperative pneumonia in dogs anesthetized for diagnosis or treatment of intervertebral disk disease
Authors: Java Melissa A. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Gilley Robert S. , Long Samuel N. , Kushner Lynne I. , King Lesley G. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine incidence of and risk factors for postoperative pneumonia in dogs anesthetized for diagnosis or treatment of intervertebral disk disease (IVDD).
Design—Retrospective case-control study.
Animals—707 dogs that underwent general anesthesia for the diagnosis or treatment of IVDD between 1992 and 1996 or between 2002 and 2006.
Procedures—Postoperative pneumonia was diagnosed if compatible clinical signs (cough or hypoxemia) and radiographic abnormalities (alveolar infiltrates) developed within 48 hours after anesthesia. To identify risk factors for postoperative pneumonia, findings for dogs that developed postoperative pneumonia between 2002 and 2006 were compared with findings for a randomly selected control group of unaffected dogs from the same population.
Results—There were no significant differences in age, breed, body weight, sex, location of IVDD, or survival rate between the 2 time periods, but there were significant differences in the use of magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and hemilaminectomy and in the percentage of dogs that developed postoperative pneumonia in the later (4.6%) versus the earlier (0.6%) years. Significant risk factors for postoperative pneumonia included preanesthetic tetraparesis, cervical lesions, undergoing magnetic resonance imaging, undergoing > 1 anesthetic procedure, longer duration of anesthesia, and postanesthetic vomiting or regurgitation.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that at this institution, the incidence of postoperative pneumonia in dogs anesthetized for diagnosis or treatment of IVDD had increased in recent years.
Knowledge of Limited Health Literacy at an Academic Health Center
Authors: Jukkala Angela , Deupree Joy P. , Graham Shannon 
Published: August 2009

Background:
Health care providers' awareness and knowledge of the impact that limited health literacy has on the health care system and the individual patient was measured. In addition, the usefulness of the Limited Literacy Impact Measure (LLIM) was examined.

Methods:
Two hundred forty providers and students attending a university-sponsored presentation on health literacy were invited to participate.

Results:
Participants were most knowledgeable about the impact on patients and less knowledgeable about the impact on the health care system.

Conclusions:
Health care provider knowledge and awareness of limited health literacy continues to be a challenge. Educational programs developed for providers and patients are needed to address the health literacy crisis. Improving health literacy will improve health outcomes while reducing the use of unnecessary health care services.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2009;40(7):298–302.
Role of color doppler in scrotal lesions
Authors: Patiala Bhardwaj 
Published: August 2009

AbstractColor Doppler USG of the scrotum has been demonstrated to be useful in the diagnosis of scrotal lesions. Gray-scale USG characterizes the lesions as testicular or extratesticular and, with color Doppler and power Doppler, flow and perfusion can also be assessed. Color Doppler is particularly helpful in acute painful conditions, where it can differentiate testicular ischemia from inflammatory conditions and thus prevent unnecessary surgical explorations. With color Doppler, useful information can be gained about vascularity in testicular malignancies. Color Doppler also has high sensitivity and high specificity in the diagnosis of lesions like varicoceles.
Magnetic resonance imaging features of myxoid leiomyoma of the vagina: A case report
Authors: Scialpi Michele , Benagiano Giuseppe , Frati Sara , Piscioli Irene , Barberini Francesco , Lupattelli Luciano 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe report a rare case of a voluminous vaginal myxoid leiomyoma in a 27-year-old nulliparous woman. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a mass arising from the vagina, with inhomogeneous signal intensity on spin-echo T1W and T2W images. MRI accurately defined the tissue planes between the lesion and the adjacent structures and suggested its benign nature. The mass was completely resected by means of transvaginal approach and the diagnosis of myxoid leiomyoma was confirmed histologically. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the MRI features of vaginal myxoid leiomyoma.
Technical note: CT-guided biopsy of lung masses using an automated guiding apparatus
Authors: Chellathurai Amarnath , Kanhirat Saneej , Chokkappan Kabilan , Swaminathan Thiruchendur S , Kulasekaran Nadhamuni 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAutomated guiding apparatuses for CT-guided biopsies are now available. We report our experience with an indigenous system to guide lung biopsies. This system gave results similar to those with the manual technique. Automated planning also appears to be technically easier, it requires fewer number of needle passes, consumes less time, and requires fewer number of check scans.
Wärmedämmende Schalung zur Energieeinsparung während der Betonerhärtung
Authors: Krause Paweł 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIm Artikel werden Möglichkeiten der Anwendung von wärmedämmender Schalung beim Betonieren im Winter dargestellt. Um den Wärmestrom im untersuchten System Beton‐Wärmedämmung‐Umgebung (BWU) zu analysieren, werden die Bestimmung der korrigierten Biot‐Zahl sowie der Kennziffer der Wärmeströmungshemmung unter Berücksichtigung des vorhandenen Wärmewiderstandes vorgeschlagen.Insulating formwork for energy conservation during concrete curing.The paper presents application options for insulating formwork for concrete pouring in winter. In order to analyse the heat flow in the examined system consisting of concrete, thermal insulation and ambient, we propose determining the corrected Biot number and the heat flow inhibition index, taking into account the existing thermal resistance.
Innendämmung bei erhaltenswerten Fassaden – ein baukonstruktives Projektbeispiel
Authors: Holle Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDie Sanierung eines gründerzeitlichen Wohngebäudes in Hamburg aus dem Jahre 1907 mit erhaltenswerter Fassade wurde im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens “Energetische Sanierung” (EnSan) des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie gefördert und wissenschaftlich begleitet. Zwei baugleiche Gebäudehälften wurden mit unterschiedlichen energetischen Sanierungskonzepten und ‐standards (“EnSan‐Standard” und “Hamburger Standard”) geplant und realisiert. Es wurden Konstruktionen einschließlich der dafür erforderlichen Einbauabläufe entwickelt. Die energetischen Zielgrößen sind erreicht worden. Der Endenergieverbrauch für Beheizung wurde um 80 % auf 32 kWh/m2a gesenkt. Der Primärenergieverbrauch beträgt gemittelt für beide Gebäudehälften ca. 95 kWh/m2a.Internal insulation of façades that are worth preserving. Example of a structural design project.The refurbishment of a residential buildings in Hamburg built in 1907 during the Wilhelminian era with a façade that was deemed worthy of preservation was funded as part of the research project “Energy‐efficient refurbishment” (EnSan) by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Technology, which also provided scientific backup. Two identical building parts were refurbished based on different energy‐efficiency concepts and standards (“EnSan standard” and “Hamburg standard”). Structural components and associated installation procedures were developed. The energy target values were achieved. The heating energy end use was reduced by 80 % to 32 kWh/m2a. The average primary energy consumption for both building parts is approx. 95 kWh/m2a.