bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zircon U–Pb age for the Orkney lamprophyre dyke swarm, Scotland, and relations to Permo-Carboniferous magmatism in northwestern Europe
Authors: Lundmark A.Mattias , Gabrielsen Roy H. , Flett Brown John 
Published: October 2011

Abstract:

Magmatic zircon in the syenite (bostonite) part of a composite NE–SW-trending cogenetic bostonite–camptonite dyke in Orkney, Scotland, yields a laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry age of 313 ± 4 Ma and
ε
Hf
(313 Ma)
values of +6 to +11. This suggests that the NE–SW-, east–west- and NW–SE-trending Scottish lamprophyre dyke swarms were emplaced during one late Carboniferous magmatic event, contrasting with published K–Ar dates ranging between
c
. 325 and 250 Ma. This magmatism is interpreted as a response to late Variscan regional extension or an early response to the Skagerrak mantle plume. Lamprophyre magmatism was initiated some 10 Ma earlier in Scotland than in the Oslo Rift.

Supplementary material:

Thin-section images of the investigated rocks, geochemical data and an REE plot, U–Pb and Hf isotopic data, and a Hf v. time diagram are available at
www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18501
.
Insomnia and the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Laugsand Lars E. , Vatten Lars J. , Platou Carl , Janszky Imre 
Published: October 2011

Background—
Few prospective studies have investigated insomnia in relation to risk for coronary heart disease. We assessed insomnia symptoms and risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a large, population-based study.

Methods and Results—

A total of 52 610 men and women were followed up for a first AMI, and 2368 incident AMIs occurred during 11.4 years of follow-up, either identified at hospitals or by the National Cause of Death Registry. In our analyses, we adjusted for age, sex, marital status, education, shift work, blood pressure, lipids, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep and having a feeling of nonrestorative sleep were associated with a moderate increase in AMI risk. The multiadjusted hazard ratios for AMI were 1.45 (95% confidence interval 1.18–1.80) for people with difficulties initiating sleep almost every night, 1.30 (1.01–1.68) for those with difficulties maintaining sleep almost every night, and 1.27 (1.03–1.57) for those with a feeling of nonrestorative sleep more than once a week compared with people who never experienced these sleep difficulties. When we combined the symptoms, a dose-dependent association was seen between the number of insomnia symptoms and AMI risk (
P
for trend 0.003). Alternative multivariable models and different sensitivity analyses suggest that the results were robust, especially concerning difficulties initiating sleep.

Conclusions—
Insomnia is associated with a moderately increased risk for AMI.
Performance of the Traditional Age, Sex, and Angina Typicality–Based Approach for Estimating Pretest Probability of Angiographically Significant Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Cheng Victor Y. , Berman Daniel S. , Rozanski Alan , Dunning Allison M. , Achenbach Stephan , Al-Mallah Mouaz , Budoff Matthew J. , Cademartiri Filippo , Callister Tracy Q. , Chang Hyuk-Jae , Chinnaiyan Kavitha , Chow Benjamin J.W. , Delago Augustin , Gomez Millie , Hadamitzky Martin , Hausleiter Jörg , Karlsberg Ronald P. , Kaufmann Philipp , Lin Fay Y. , Maffei Erica , Raff Gilbert L. , Villines Todd C. , Shaw Leslee J. , Min James K. 
Published: October 2011

Background—
Guidelines for the management of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) rely on the age, sex, and angina typicality–based pretest probabilities of angiographically significant CAD derived from invasive coronary angiography (guideline probabilities). Reliability of guideline probabilities has not been investigated in patients referred to noninvasive CAD testing.

Methods and Results—

We identified 14048 consecutive patients with suspected CAD who underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography. Angina typicality was recorded with the use of accepted criteria. Pretest likelihoods of CAD with ≥50 diameter stenosis (CAD50) and ≥70 diameter stenosis (CAD70) were calculated from guideline probabilities. Computed tomographic angiography images were evaluated by ≥1 expert reader to determine the presence of CAD50 and CAD70. Typical angina was associated with the highest prevalence of CAD50 (40 in men, 19 in women) and CAD70 (27 men, 11 women) compared with other symptom categories (
P
<0.001 for all). Observed CAD50 and CAD70 prevalences were substantially lower than those predicted by guideline probabilities in the overall population (18 versus 51 for CAD50, 10 versus 42 for CAD70;
P
<0.001), driven by pronounced differences in patients with atypical angina (15 versus 47 for CAD50, 7 versus 37 for CAD70) and typical angina (29 versus 86 for CAD50, 19 versus 71 for CAD70). Marked overestimation of disease prevalence by guideline probabilities was found at all participating centers and across all sex and age subgroups.

Conclusion—
In this multinational study of patients referred for coronary computed tomographic angiography, determination of pretest likelihood of angiographically significant CAD by the invasive angiography-based guideline probabilities greatly overestimates the actual prevalence of disease.
The assessment of low mood in stroke patients with aphasia: reliability and validity of the 10-item Hospital version of the Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire (SADQH-10)
Authors: Cobley Christine S , Thomas Shirley A , Lincoln Nadina B , Walker Marion F 
Published: October 2011

Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of an observational screening measure of depressive symptoms (SADQH-10; 10-item Hospital version of the Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire) for use in stroke patients with aphasia and to determine the convergent and divergent validity of the SADQH-10. Design: Cross-sectional cohort. Setting: Hospital and community. Participants: Stroke patients with aphasia ( n = 165) were recruited through hospital wards and community services as part of a randomised controlled trial. Participants were aged 29 to 94 years (68.6 ± 12.1) and 65% were men. Results: The SADQH-10 demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.77). Factor analysis revealed the SADQH-10 to be measuring three constructs (social interaction and physical pain, tearfulness, loss of interest and motivation). Significant correlations were found between scores on the SADQH-10 and VAMS ‘sad’ item ( rs = 0.297, P < 0.01) but not with the VASES ‘depression’ item ( rs = 0.064, P = 0.590) or measures of physical and language abilities. Conclusions: The SADQH-10 is both a valid and reliable observational screening measure of depressive symptoms for stroke patients with aphasia.
Risk of cataract and glaucoma in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bazelier Marloes T , Mueller-Schotte Sigrid , Leufkens Hubert GM , Uitdehaag Bernard MJ , van Staa Tjeerd , de Vries Frank 
Published: October 2011

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with risk of cataract or glaucoma. Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study utilizing the UK General Practice Research Database (1987–2009) linked to the national hospital registry of England (1997–2008). Incident MS patients (5576 cases) were identified and each was matched to six patients without MS (controls) by age, gender, and practice. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of incident cataract and glaucoma in MS. Time-dependent adjustments were made for age, history of diseases and drug use. Results: MS patients had no overall increased risk of cataract, adjusted (adj.) HR 1.15 (95% CI 0.94–1.41) or glaucoma, adj. HR 1.02 (95% CI 0.78–1.33). Risk of cataract (adj. HR 2.45 (95% CI 1.56–3.86)) and glaucoma (adj. HR 1.70 (95% CI 1.01–2.86)) was significantly greater in patients < 50 years, particularly in men < 50 years: cataract, adj. HR 4.23 (95% CI 2.22–8.05) and glaucoma, adj. HR 2.76 (95% CI 1.28–5.93). Conclusion: This is the first study which showed that the risk of cataract and glaucoma is elevated in MS patients younger than 50 years, particularly men.
Simple genetic diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia by sensitive detection of the BRAF-V600E mutation
Authors: Tiacci Enrico , Schiavoni Gianluca , Forconi Francesco , Santi Alessia , Trentin Livio , Ambrosetti Achille , Cecchini Debora , Sozzi Elisa , Francia di Celle Paola , Di Bello Cristiana , Pulsoni Alessandro , Foà Robin , Inghirami Giorgio , Falini Brunangelo 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity that responds well to purine analogs but is sometimes difficult to differentiate from HCL-like disorders (eg, splenic marginal zone lymphoma and HCL variant). We recently identified the BRAF-V600E mutation as the disease-defining genetic event in HCL. In this study, we describe a new, simple, and inexpensive test for genetics-based diagnosis of HCL in whole-blood samples that detects BRAF-V600E through a sensitive allele-specific PCR qualitative assay followed by agarose-gel electrophoresis. This approach detected BRAF-V600E in all 123 leukemic HCL samples investigated containing as few as 0.1% leukemic cells. BRAF-V600E was detected at different time points during the disease course, even after therapy, pointing to its pivotal role in HCL pathogenesis and maintenance of the leukemic clone. Conversely, 115 non-HCL chronic B-cell neoplasms, including 79 HCL-like disorders, were invariably negative for BRAF-V600E. This molecular assay is a powerful tool for improving the diagnostic accuracy in HCL.
Can vouchers make a difference to the use of private primary care services by older people? Experience from the healthcare reform programme in Hong Kong
Authors: Yam Carrie HK , Liu Su , Huang Olivia HY , Yeoh EK , Griffiths Sian M 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
As part of its ongoing healthcare reform, the Hong Kong Government introduced a voucher scheme, intended for encouraging older patients to use primary healthcare services in the private sector, thereby, reducing burden on the overwhelmed public sector. The voucher program is also considered one of the strategies to further develop the public private partnership in healthcare, a policy direction of high political priority as indicated in the Chief Executive Policy Address in 2008-09. This study assessed whether the voucher scheme, as implemented so far, has reached its intended goals, and how it might be further improved in the context of public-private partnership.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study using structured questionnaires by face-to-face interviews with older people aged 70 or above in Hong Kong, the target group of the demand-side voucher program.

Results
71.2% of 1,026 older people were aware of the new voucher scheme but only 35.0% had ever used it. The majority of the older people used the vouchers for acute curative services in the private sector (82.4%) and spent less on preventive services. Despite the provision of vouchers valued US$30 per year as an incentive to encourage the use of private primary care services, after 12-months of implementation, 66.2% of all respondents agreed with the statement that "the voucher scheme does not change their health seeking behaviours on seeing public or private healthcare professionals". The most common reasons for no change in their behaviours included "I am used to seeing doctors in the public system" and "The amount of the subsidy is too low". Those who usually used a mix of public and private doctors and those with better self-reported health condition compared to last year were more likely to perceive a change in their own health seeking behaviours.

Conclusions
Our study showed that despite a reasonably high awareness of the voucher scheme, its usage was low. The voucher alone was not enough to realize the government's policy of greater use of the private primary care services. Greater publicity and more variety of media promotion would increase awareness but the effectiveness of vouchers in changing older people's behaviour needs to be revisited. Designating vouchers for use of preventive services with evidence-based practice could be considered. In addition to the demand-side subsidies, improving transparency and comparability of private services against the public sector might be necessary.
Hsp27 participates in the maintenance of breast cancer stem cells through regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and nuclear factor-κB
Authors: Wei Li , Liu Tsung-Ta , Wang Hsiu-Huan , Hong Hui-Mei , Yu Alice L , Feng Hsiang-Pu , Chang Wen-Wei 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are normally induced under environmental stress to serve as chaperones for maintenance of correct protein folding but they are often overexpressed in many cancers, including breast cancer. The expression of Hsp27, an ATP-independent small HSP, is associated with cell migration and drug resistance of breast cancer cells. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) have been identified as a subpopulation of breast cancer cells with markers of CD24-CD44+ or high intracellular aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH+) and proved to be associated with radiation resistance and metastasis. However, the involvement of Hsp27 in the maintenance of BCSC is largely unknown.

Methods
Mitogen-activated protein kinase antibody array and Western blot were used to discover the expression of Hsp27 and its phosphorylation in ALDH + BCSCs. To study the involvement of Hsp27 in BCSC biology, siRNA mediated gene silencing and quercetin treatment were used to inhibit Hsp27 expression and the characters of BCSCs, which include ALDH+ population, mammosphere formation and cell migration, were analyzed simultaneously. The tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells after knockdown of Hsp27 was analyzed by xenograftment assay in NOD/SCID mice. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells was analyzed by wound-healing assay and Western blot of snail, vimentin and E-cadherin expression. The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was analyzed by luciferase-based reporter assay and nuclear translocation.

Results
Hsp27 and its phosphorylation were increased in ALDH+ BCSCs in comparison with ALDH- non-BCSCs. Knockdown of Hsp27 in breast cancer cells decreased characters of BCSCs, such as ALDH+ population, mammosphere formation and cell migration. In addition, the in vivo CSC frequency could be diminished in Hsp27 knockdown breast cancer cells. The inhibitory effects could also be observed in cells treated with quercetin, a plant flavonoid inhibitor of Hsp27, and it could be reversed by overexpression of Hsp27. Knockdown of Hsp27 also suppressed EMT signatures, such as decreasing the expression of snail and vimentin and increasing the expression of E-cadherin. Furthermore, knockdown of Hsp27 decreased the nuclear translocation as well as the activity of NF-κB in ALDH + BCSCs, which resulted from increasing expression of IκBα. Restored activation of NF-κB by knockdown of IκBα could reverse the inhibitory effect of Hsp27 siRNA in suppression of ALDH+ cells.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that Hsp27 regulates the EMT process and NF-κB activity to contribute the maintenance of BCSCs. Targeting Hsp27 may be considered as a novel strategy in breast cancer therapy.
Ruthenate-ferrites AMRu5O11 (A = Sr, Ba; M = Ni, Zn): Distortion of kagome nets via metal–metal bonding
Authors: Shlyk Larysa , Strobel Sabine , Schleid Thomas , Niewa Rainer 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Crystals of the three novel oxorhutenates SrNiRu5O11 (a = 11.7374(2) Å, c = 13.2088(4) Å), SrZnRu5O11 (a = 11.7271(2) Å, c = 13.4246(4) Å), and Sr0.63(1)Ba0.37ZnRu5O11 (a = 11.7245(4) Å, 13.5268(4)) were obtained applying a flux-growth technique. A superstructure of the R-type ferrite crystal structure with doubled hexagonal a-axis (space group P63/m, Z = 8) originates from Ru—Ru pair formation within the kagome nets extending in (001). No indication for an intermixing of 3d metals at the Ru sites was observed.
Crystal Structure and Hydrogen Storage Properties of novel Mg-Zr-(Li, Na, K) Hydrides Prepared by Gigapascal Hydrogen Pressure Method
Authors: Takeichi Nobuhiko , Shida Kenji , Yang Xiao , Sakai Tetsuo 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTNovel Mg-Zr-A (A=Na, Li and K) hydrides have been synthesized by the gigapascal hydrogen pressure method. Their crystal structures were analyzed based on synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. In the Mg-Zr-H system, the Mg-Zr hydride with FCC structure was formed under 8 GPa and 873 K. In the case of Mg-Zr-Li and Mg-Zr-K systems, the quaternary hydrides were formed and these retained the same crystal structure, FCC structure, up to x = 1.0 While in the Mg-Zr-Na system, the quaternary hydrides were formed and these retained the FCC structure, up to x = 0.3. With the addition of 0.5 NaH, a hydride with the Ca7Ge type structure was formed instead of the FCC structure. The Mg-Zr-(Li, Na, K) hydrides can reversibly absorb and desorb hydrogen. The hydrogen desorption temperatures of those hydrides decrease with the increasing ionic radius of the alkali metal.
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) in animals
Authors: Matyjasik H. , Adamiak Z. , Zhalniarovich Y. , Pesta W. 
Published: October 2011

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) in animals
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a modern technique of performing surgical procedures developed worldwide. In the last few years, series of NOTES operations were performed in animals and humans. This article describes some surgical procedures performed in animals with use of this new technique.
River dynamics and existing stability condition of the Manahara River, Kathmandu basin, Central Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Tamrakar Naresh Kazi , Bajracharya Ramita , Shrestha Pramila 
Published: October 2011

Five representative segments of the river were surveyed in detail for evaluating its dynamics and stability condition. The first(downstream) to the fifth (upstream) segments are classified as ‘F4’, ‘C4’, ‘C4’, ‘B4’ and ‘B4’ streams characterised by gravellysubstrates. All these streams are competent enough to transport their bed material (d90) as shown by the exceeding dimensionlessshear stress over critical dimensionless shear stress of the river segments. The existing depth and slope of the river is far enoughto carry d90 of the substrate grain size. Stream power of segments 1 to 5 are respectively, 622.6, 79.0, 146.6, 354.6 and 15617.0KN/s. The ‘B4’ streams show greater stream power, i.e., transport capacity compared to ‘F4’ followed by ‘C4’ streams. Therefore,the ‘B4 streams (3rd and 4th order streams) are potential to degradation, and the ‘C4’ and ‘F4’ (both 5th order) streams arepotential to aggradation depending on river morphology and dynamics. Meander geometry of the Manahara River exhibit deviationof variables (meander wavelength vs channel width, and meander belt width vs channel width) from the stability, suggestingexistence of instability to some extent in the river.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v14i0.5430Bulletin of the Department of Geology Vol.14 2011, pp.1-8
Quality and economic aspects of roofing slates in theTharpu area, Tanahu
Authors: Neupane Naba Raj , Paudel Lalu Prasad 
Published: October 2011

A preliminary study on the occurrence, quality and economic aspects of the slates was carried in the slate deposits of theTharpu area, west Nepal Lesser Himalaya. The area is covered by the Nourpul Formation, Dhading Dolomite and the BenghatSlates of the Lower Nawakot Group forming a broad synclinal structure. Three deposits of slates were identified in the area atSeratar (Nourpul Formation), Phapardanda (Nourpul Formation) and the Chipliswara (Benighat Slate). Samples from all threedeposits were analyzed by petrographic, X-ray diffraction and Physico-chemical testing methods. The study shows that the slatesare well foliated, splitable into thin and smooth slabs, and physico-chemically close to the ASTM and IS standard values. Thequantity of slate is good enough for mining economically.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v14i0.5438Bulletin of the Department of Geology Vol.14 2011, pp.43-50
Le débat sur les extradés italiens et le jeu des références historiques
Authors: Wahnich Sophie 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Le débat sur les extradés italiens en France a produit un débat historio-graphique dans la société dans un croisement des commentateurs français et italiens. Ce débat à conduit non seulement à réexaminer les « années de plomb » italiennes mais à évoquer la Commune de Paris et la Révolution française. Cet article montre comment ce débat se noue et analyse les enjeux politiques de ces références tant du point de vue du débat que des plis historiques ainsi sollicités.
L'extradition des réfugiés italiens indique-t-elle un abandon du principe d'amnistie en France ?
Authors: Sangalli Maria Grazia 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Nous nous interrogerons sur la nature du lien possible entre féminisme et art contemporain. Entre frottements et glissements, crispations et engouements, depuis les années soixante, cette rencontre d’influences s’énonce clairement. Notre réflexion pourrait se construire suivant deux axes à la fois proches et distincts, à savoir l’apport du féminisme dans l’art contemporain, et l’apport de l’art contemporain dans le féminisme. Nous choisirons le premier, tout en gardant à l’esprit que les échanges sont multiples et se rencontrent en de nombreux points. Nous souhaitons diriger notre pensée et nos interrogations, dans un contexte français volontairement flou et nous nous demanderons s’il est possible que la France demeure l’un des derniers pays à regarder encore le féminisme comme une « option » exotique dans le panorama de la pratique artistique, critique et pédagogique contemporaine ?
Veto entrecroisés : l'épineuse question de l'amnistie en Italie
Authors: Rayner Hervé 
Published: October 2011

Résumé En Italie, la question de l’amnistie des crimes et délits des « années de plomb » (1969-1982) reste à la fois controversée et verrouillée. Cette période fut marquée par des actes terroristes perpétrés par des membres de l’extrême gauche, de l’extrême droite et de l’État. À l’exception d’anciens activistes et de quelques figures isolées, la plupart des différents intervenants (parlementaires, magistrats, avocats, juristes, porte-parole des victimes, journalistes, etc.) sont persuadés, pour des raisons multiples et variées, de l’impossibilité d’une clémence collective (« les conditions politiques ne sont pas réunies »), autosuggestion qui, en retour, complique toute solution en la matière. Si la grâce présidentielle au bénéfice de quelques-uns, dont Adriano Sofri, semble plus envisageable, elle ne s’est toujours pas concrétisée. Ces veto entrecroisés dépendent et participent fortement du contexte, à savoir de ce que les protagonistes perçoivent comme (im)possible de faire.