bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning to Predict Adult Cochlear Implant Candidacy
Authors: Patro Ankita , Freeman Michael H. , Haynes David S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to summarize candidacy criteria and commonly used referral guidelines for adult cochlear implant (CI) patients. This review describes how machine learning can be used to predict CI candidacy and the potential impact of an automated referral guideline.

Recent Findings
Less than 2% of eligible adults are receiving CIs under traditional and expanded candidacy criteria. Lack of understanding of referral criteria, both among providers and patients, significantly contributes to the underutilization of CIs. Recently, a novel machine learning-based CI referral algorithm has been developed that shows high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in predicting CI candidacy among adults.

Summary
An automated, machine learning-based referral guideline can mitigate the lack of clarity regarding when to refer a patient and help bridge the large gap in CI care delivery that currently exists. Future research needs to externally validate such an algorithm and evaluate its uptake in routine clinical settings.
Evaluating the Impact of Learner Control and Interactivity in Conversational Tutoring Systems for Persuasive Writing
Authors: Wambsganss Thiemo , Benke Ivo , Maedche Alexander , Koedinger Kenneth , Käser Tanja 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConversational tutoring systems (CTSs) offer a promising avenue for individualized learning support, especially in domains like persuasive writing. Although these systems have the potential to enhance the learning process, the specific role of learner control and inter- activity within them remains underexplored. This paper introduces WritingTutor, a CTS designed to guide students through the pro- cess of crafting persuasive essays, with a focus on varying levels of learner control. In an experimental study involving 96 students, we evaluated the effects of high-level learner control, encompassing con- tent navigation and interface appearance control, against a benchmark version of WritingTutor without these features and a static, non- interactive tutoring group. Preliminary findings suggest that tutoring and learner control might enhance the learning experience in terms of enjoyment, ease-of-use, and perceived autonomy. However, these differences are not significant after pair-wise comparison and appear not to translate to significant differences in learning outcomes. This research contributes to the understanding of learner control in CTS, offering empirical insights into its influence on the learning experience.
Screening the optimal Cox/CeO2(110) (x = 1–6) catalyst for methane activation in coalbed gas
Authors: Huang Li’nan , Li Danyang , Jiang Lei , Li Zhiqiang , Tian Dong , Li Kongzhai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe challenges posed by energy and environmental issues have forced mankind to explore and utilize unconventional energy sources. It is imperative to convert the abundant coalbed gas (CBG) into high value-added products, i.e., selective and efficient conversion of methane from CBG. Methane activation, known as the “holy grail”, poses a challenge to the design and development of catalysts. The structural complexity of the active metal on the carrier is of particular concern. In this work, we have studied the nucleation growth of small Co clusters (up to Co6) on the surface of CeO2(110) using density functional theory, from which a stable loaded Co/CeO2(110) structure was selected to investigate the methane activation mechanism. Despite the relatively small size of the selected Co clusters, the obtained Cox/CeO2(110) exhibits interesting properties. The optimized Co5/CeO2(110) structure was selected as the optimal structure to study the activation mechanism of methane due to its competitive electronic structure, adsorption energy and binding energy. The energy barriers for the stepwise dissociation of methane to form CH3*, CH2*, CH*, and C* radical fragments are 0.44, 0.55, 0.31, and 1.20 eV, respectively, indicating that CH* dissociative dehydrogenation is the rate-determining step for the system under investigation here. This fundamental study of metal-support interactions based on Co growth on the CeO2(110) surface contributes to the understanding of the essence of Co/CeO2 catalysts with promising catalytic behavior. It provides theoretical guidance for better designing the optimal Co/CeO2 catalyst for tailored catalytic reactions.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Multiclass skin lesion classification using deep learning networks optimal information fusion
Authors: Khan Muhammad Attique , Hamza Ameer , Shabaz Mohammad , Kadry Seifeine , Rubab Saddaf , Bilal Muhammad Abdullah , Akbar Muhammad Naeem , Kesavan Suresh Manic 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA serious, all-encompassing, and deadly cancer that affects every part of the body is skin cancer. The most prevalent causes of skin lesions are UV radiation, which can damage human skin, and moles. If skin cancer is discovered early, it may be adequately treated. In order to diagnose skin lesions with less effort, dermatologists are increasingly turning to machine learning (ML) techniques and computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems. This paper proposes a computerized method for multiclass lesion classification using a fusion of optimal deep-learning model features. The dataset used in this work, ISIC2018, is imbalanced; therefore, augmentation is performed based on a few mathematical operations. After that, two pre-trained deep learning models (DarkNet-19 and MobileNet-V2) have been fine-tuned and trained on the selected dataset. After training, features are extracted from the average pool layer and optimized using a hybrid firefly optimization technique. The selected features are fused in two ways: (i) original serial approach and (ii) proposed threshold approach. Machine learning classifiers are used to classify the chosen features at the end. Using the ISIC2018 dataset, the experimental procedure produced an accuracy of 89.0%. Whereas, 87.34, 87.57, and 87.45 are sensitivity, precision, and F1 score respectively. At the end, comparison is also conducted with recent techniques, and it shows the proposed method shows improved accuracy along with other performance measures.
The mediating role of self-directed ageism on frailty and quality of life in community-dwelling older people
Authors: Vanleerberghe Patricia , Claes Claudia , Campens Jorrit , Verté Dominique , De Witte Nico 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the role of self-directed ageism in the relationship between frailty and quality of life in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
Secondary data-analysis on data from the Belgian Ageing Studies. A stratified sample of 1895 participants, based on census data by gender and age, was drawn between 2017 and 2019. Frailty, quality of life and self-directed ageism were assessed by the Comprehensive Frailty Assessment Instrument, a numeric rating scale and a newly developed self-directed ageism scale, respectively. The validity of this new scale was assessed by exploratory factor analysis, while mediation analysis was used to explore if self-directed ageism mediates the relationship between frailty and quality of life.

Results
The self-directed ageism scale proved highly reliable (Cronbach’s α = 0.898, Spearman-Brown = 0.906), explaining 58.86% of the variance in self-directed ageism. Respondents scored an average of 23.6 on 40 for self-directed ageism, 26.94 on 100 for frailty, and a median of 8 on 10 for quality of life. Mediation analysis showed that frailty negatively correlates with quality of life, and that this relationship is partially mediated by self-directed ageism.

Conclusion
Most respondents were identified as mild frail, experienced self-directed ageism, and those 80 or older rated their quality of life lower. The present study showed that frailty negatively correlates with quality of life and this relationship is partially mediated by self-directed ageism. We conclude that every effort should be made to prevent frailty, ageism and self-directed ageism as they impact community-dwelling older people’s quality of life.
Quality aspects of marula (Sclerocarya birrea) fruit, nutritional composition, and the formation of value-added products for human nutrition: a review
Authors: Lekhuleni Isobel Lerato , Shabalala Ayanda , Maluleke Mdungazi K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe review aimed to explore the reported biochemical, nutritional, and quality aspects of marula fruit and its value-added products for enhancement of human nutrition. Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) fruit is one of the underutilised indigenous fruits that grows naturally across the northern and eastern regions of Southern Africa. A search on Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases was conducted in September and November of 2023. Use the following search “terms’’ to find relevant literature: “Marula fruit, underutilised African fruit crops, “Nutritional composition of marula fruit”, “biochemical constituents of marula fruit, “marula fruit value-added products, function in human health and nutrition”. Available literature shows that almost every part of a tree, namely the leaves, bark, roots, and fruit, have known nutritional benefits for human health and nutrition. The fruit contains valuable biochemical constituents such as vitamin C, carotene, flavonoids, phenols, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc. Its value-added products, such as alcoholic beverages, juice, jam, and nuts, contain biochemical constituents with potential enrichment of human health and nutrition, endorsing a compelling case for potential commercialisation globally. The different nutritional and biochemical properties were compared against the human recommended daily intake to determine their potential role in human health and nutrition. The study reveals that the marula fruit and its value-added products may be vital in providing the required nutrients to meet human nutritional daily needs and could play a pivotal role in accelerating the Sustainable Development Goals 1 and 2 (no poverty and zero hunger). Therefore, there is a need for more research on agroprocessing of marula fruit to create nutritious value-added products, for potential commercialisation. As a result, the objective of the study was to examine the literature on the biochemical components of marula fruit and its value-added products, comparing them to the daily recommended intake, while assessing their possible significance in human nutrition for possible commercialisation.
Transcriptional modules and hormonal metabolic pathways reveal the critical role of TgHB12-like in the regulation of flower opening and petal senescence in Tulipa gesneriana
Authors: Meng Lin , Yang Haipo , La Yue , Wu Yikun , Ye Tiantian , Wang Yaping , Xiang Lin , Qu Lianwei , Chan Zhulong , Wang Yanping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTulips (Tulipa gesneriana) are one of the most widely cultivated bulbous plants with substantial ornamental value. However, the lack of well-documented reference genomes has limited the research progress and molecular breeding of tulips. In the present study, a full-length transcriptome of a commercial tulip cultivar was obtained using single-molecule long-read sequencing (PacBio Iso-Seq). In total, 244,357 full-length transcripts were identified, which had an average length of 2,044 bp and an N50 value of 3,861; 67,350 of these were annotated to databases. An inaugural integrated analysis of the transcriptome and phytohormone profiles during flower opening and petal senescence was performed using Illumina RNA-seq, coupled with Mfuzz (an R pakage, http://mfuzz.sysbiolab.eu) and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). A total of 16 gene coexpression and six transcription factor (TF) modules were constructed. Additionally, 26 hormone analogs were comprehensively profiled. Finally, a prominently novel gene, Tulipa gesneriana Homeobox12-like (TgHB12-like), which encodes an homeodomain–leucine zipper (HD-zip) TF, was identified as a pivotal regulator of petal senescence. Overall, this work facilitates the identification of hormones and TFs in plants related to flower opening and senescence in tulips. It also provides an important and valuable genetic basis for further research in them.
Informational Nudges to Promote Preferences for Goat Meat
Authors: Hambaryan Meri , Lai John , Kassas Bachir 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGoat meat consumption has grown in recent years due to dietary and cultural changes. US demand has surpassed domestic supply, presenting an opportunity for industry expansion. This study provides valuable insights into consumer preferences for goat meat. A sample of 1,015 Floridians was randomly assigned to a control and three treatment groups that included information about the health and/or environmental benefits of goat meat. Results show a significant difference in willingness to pay for goat meat under different information treatments. Persuasive marketing campaigns can increase consumers’ preferences for goat meat by raising awareness of the health and environmental benefits.
Moving from prove to improve: A collaborative continuous quality improvement process for advancing Clinical and Translational Science
Authors: Fishman Ariel Y. , Lounsbury David W. , Lechuga Claudia , Patena John , Marantz Paul , Kim Mimi , Keller Marla J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Structured processes to improve the quality and impact of clinical and translational research are a required element of the Clinical and Translational Sciences Awards (CTSA) program and are central to awardees’ strategic management efforts. Quality improvement is often assumed to be an ordinary consequence of evaluation programs, in which standardized metrics are tabulated and reported externally. Yet evaluation programs may not actually be very effective at driving quality improvement: required metrics may lack direct relevance; they lack incentive to improve on areas of relative strength; and the validity of inter-site comparability may be limited. In this article, we describe how we convened leaders at our CTSA hub in an iterative planning process to improve the quality of our CTSA program by intentionally focusing on how data collection activities can primarily advance continuous quality improvement (CQI) rather than strictly serve as evaluative tools. We describe our CQI process, which consists of three key components: (1) Logic models outlining goals and associated mechanisms; (2) relevant metrics to evaluate performance improvement opportunities; and (3) an interconnected and collaborative CQI framework that defines actions and timelines to enhance performance.
Perceived Political Polarization and its Differential Impact on Political Participation: Evidence from Japan (2005–2019)
Authors: Yin Yue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolitical polarization has been a growing concern in Japan, particularly in recent years with the upsurge of nationalism and populism. However, little research has examined how it relates to the political behavior of the Japanese people. Using data from the 2005–2019 Japanese Electoral Studies (JES), this study shows that political polarization manifests itself in different ways depending on the specific policy domains that citizens perceive as divergent. Specifically, I discover that people who perceive higher levels of policy divergence between left- and right-wing parties on domestic and international policies are more likely to vote and participate in politics through publicly accessible networks, while there appears to be no evidence showing that perceiving high levels of policy divergence on economic issues has a meaningful effect on any type of political participation. Implications of these findings as well as directions for future research are discussed.
Physician-Based Approaches to Price Transparency: A Solution in Search of a Problem?
Authors: Glied Sherry 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhysician-based transparency approaches have been advanced as a strategy for informing patients of the likely financial consequences of using services. The structure of health care pricing and insurance coverage, and the low uptake of existing tools, suggest these approaches are likely to be unwieldy and unsuccessful. They may also generate new ethical challenges.
A Rule-Based Solution to Opaque Medical Billing in the U.S.
Authors: Bobier Christopher A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPatients and physicians do not know the cost of medical procedures. Opaque medical billing thus contributes to exorbitant, rising medical costs, burdening the healthcare system and individuals. After criticizing two proposed solutions to the problem of opaque medical billing, I argue that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services should pursue a rule requiring that patients be informed by the physician of a reasonable out-of-pocket expense estimate for non-urgent procedures prior to services rendered.
“A Most Equitable Drug”: How the Clinical Studies of Convalescent Plasma as a Treatment for SARS-CoV-2 Might Usefully Inform Post-Pandemic Public Sector Approaches to Drug Development
Authors: Grundy Quinn , Campbell Chantal , Ali Ridwaanah , Herder Matthew , Holloway Kelly 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInterventional clinical studies of convalescent plasma to treat COVID-19 were predominantly funded and led by public sector actors, including blood services operators. We aimed to analyze the processes of clinical studies of convalescent plasma to understand alternatives to pharmaceutical industry biopharmaceutical research and development, particularly where public sector actors play a dominant role. We conducted a qualitative, critical case study of purposively sampled prominent and impactful clinical studies of convalescent plasma during 2020-2021.
Toward Transparency and Trust: Assessing and Addressing Key Ethical Concerns in Normothermic Regional Perfusion
Authors: Buster Amanda , Meltzer Ellen C. , Trost Lisa , Courtright-Lim Amanda , Ingall Timothy , Tilburt Jon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNormothermic Regional Perfusion, or NRP, is a method of donated organ reperfusion using cardiopulmonary bypass or a modified extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit after circulatory death while leaving organs in the dead donor’s corpse. Despite its potential, several key ethical issues remain unaddressed by this technology.
Assessing Impacts of “Anti-Equity” Legislation on Health Care and Public Health Services
Authors: Hodge James G. , White Erica N. , Piatt Jennifer L. , Laude Camille 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA deluge of state “anti-equity” legislative bills seek to reverse prevailing trends in diversity, equity, and inclusion; withdraw protections of LGBTQ+ communities; and deny access to gender-based care for trans minors and adults. While the political and constitutional fate of these acts is undetermined, profound impacts on patients and their providers are already affecting the delivery of health care and public health services.
Minor Consent for Vaccination: Ethically Justified, Politically Fraught
Authors: Colgrove James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolicies allowing some minors to consent to receive recommended vaccines are ethically defensible. However, a policy change at the federal level expanding minor consent for vaccinations nationwide risks triggering a political backlash. Such a move may be perceived as infringing on the rights of parents to make decisions about their children’s health care. In the current post-COVID environment of heightened anti-vaccination activism, changes to minor consent laws may be unadvisable, and policy makers should proceed with caution.
Exploring the patchwork of personal names in ancient Cyrenaica with the help of digital tools
Authors: Dobias-Lalou Catherine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We know plenty of personal names from Cyrenaica and most of them are known to us through inscriptions. Although the bulk of them are Greek, with some local dialectal features, we also find already in the Classical period some Libyan names. Later on, two new influxes become clear in local onomastics: Jewish and Roman names which appear in great number. In 1987 (LGPN 1), these names were collected, with the main emphasis on Greek, and were studied both from a linguistic and a sociohistorical point of view. The publication of digital corpora in 2017 and 2020 and other digital resources now make it possible to update the corpus and to search it much more easily. Some new results are presented here with the stress on Libyan and Jewish names.
Six-dimensional constraints and force feedback for robot-assisted teleoperated fracture reduction
Authors: Lei Jingtao , Song Guangqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRobots have the capability to perform precise and minimally invasive surgeries. For the robot-assisted teleoperated fracture reduction surgery, the operating accuracy largely depends on visual reference through fluoroscopy. The operator needs to adjust several times according to computed tomography (CT) image. During the robot reduction surgery, there are large muscle forces generated by the numerous muscles surrounding the fractured segments. However, there is no effective reduction force feedback to the master robot. In this paper, in order to improve the operating accuracy of the fracture reduction with teleoperated surgery mode, six-dimensional constraints of the master robot are studied by utilizing the virtual fixture method, which can restrict the position and orientation through the force and visual guidance. The six-dimensional force sensor is used to collect information of the reduction force. For the master robot, a motor stall control method based on the current loop is adopted to provide feedback of the reduction force, which can enhance the surgeon’s sense of operational presence. To verify the effectiveness of virtual fixture and force feedback, the fracture reduction experiments are conducted on the fractured model with simulating lager muscle force. Experimental results show that the reduction errors are within acceptable ranges:
$0.03\pm 0.73\textrm{mm}$
,
$0.54\pm 0.43\textrm{mm}$
,
$0.46\pm 1.05\textrm{mm}$
,
$1.05\pm 1.31^{\circ}$
,
$1.15\pm 1.91^{\circ}$
,
$1.09\pm 2.61^{\circ}$
. The number of fluoroscopy procedures required ranges from 1 to 2 and the average operation time is approximately 170 s. Compared to traditional methods and other teleoperation methods, the fracture reduction accuracy and surgical efficiency of method in this paper are significantly improved.