bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generic diagnoses within a closely related group of genera:Brechmorhoga,Gynothemis,Macrothemis, andScapanea(Odonata: Libellulidae)
Authors: Garrison Rosser W. , von Ellenrieder Natalia 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBased on examination of most species ofBrechmorhoga,Gynothemis,Macrothemis, andScapanea, these four genera are rediagnosed, resulting in the following taxonomic changes:Brechmorhoga archboldi(Donnelly, 1970)comb. nov.,Gynothemis pumila(Karsch, 1890)comb. nov.,Macrothemis heteronycha(Calvert, 1909)comb. nov., andMacrothemis calliste(Ris, 1913)comb. nov.The male ofM. callisteis described and illustrated for the first time.
Resistance to Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in a Canadian spring wheat cultivar
Authors: Wise Ian L. , Lamb Robert J. , McKenzie Ronald I.H. , Whistlecraft Jay W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Canadian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; Poaceae) cultivar ‘Superb’ was less susceptible to damage by Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), than the spring wheat cultivars ‘AC Barrie’, ‘AC Foremost’, ‘McKenzie’, ‘AC Domain’, and ‘Glenlea’ in Manitoba. The partial resistance of ‘Superb’ was similar, at the seedling stage, to that of ‘Guard’, which possesses the resistance gene H18. Females laid eggs readily on all cultivars, providing no evidence for antixenosis, but few larvae developed on seedlings of ‘Superb’ and ‘Guard’, showing that antibiosis against larvae is the mechanism of resistance in these seedlings. In the field, where infestation of spring wheat takes place about 4 weeks after the seedling stage, ‘Guard’ continued to show high levels of resistance, but ‘Superb’ was less resistant, although still more resistant than highly susceptible cultivars. Infested stems of ‘Superb’ and ‘Nordic’ were less likely to break than infested stems of other cultivars, showing that these two cultivars are partially tolerant to infestation. Infested stems of ‘Guard’ and other cultivars showed high levels of stem breakage and are intolerant. Yield losses due to infestation by Hessian fly were mostly caused by the breakage and falling over of infested stems, which prevented the seeds on these stems from being harvested. Infested stems of all susceptible cultivars that remained standing at harvest had lower seed masses and fewer seeds per spike than uninfested stems, which contributed to yield loss. ‘Grandin’, a parent of ‘Superb’, is the probable source of resistance in ‘Superb’, but the pedigree of ‘Grandin’ provides no clue as to the gene(s) involved. The partial antibiosis and tolerance expressed by ‘Superb’ is sufficient to reduce losses to Hessian fly by 65% in comparison with a susceptible cultivar such as ‘AC Barrie’. ‘Superb’ is the first Canadian spring wheat cultivar identified to have an agronomically useful level of resistance to Hessian fly.
On the genus Baaora (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China, with descriptions of five new species
Authors: Huang Min , Zhang Yalin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA taxonomic study of the genus Baaora Dworakowska in China is reported. Seven species are treated, one of which is reported for the first time in China, and five new species, B. dworakowskaesp. nov., B. apicimaculatasp. nov., B. fuscasp. nov., B. nigritergitasp. nov., and B. aberrantasp. nov., are described and illustrated. A checklist of all Chinese species and a key to distinguish them are provided.
Zachvatkinibates(Acari: Oribatida: Mycobatidae) of North America, with descriptions of sexually dimorphic species
Authors: Behan-Pelletier Valerie M. , Eamer Barbara 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe oribatid mite genusZachvatkinibates, found in littoral, forest canopy, and forest litter habitats, includes some species showing distinct sexual dimorphism in the octotaxic system of dermal glands, and others lacking this dimorphism. Three new species in this genus are described on the basis of adults, each of which shows species-specific sexual dimorphism:Z. nortonisp. nov.andZ. schatzisp. nov.from beach debris in British Columbia, Canada, andZ. shaldybinaesp. nov.from the littoral in eastern and northeastern Canada. We discuss the association of sexual dimorphism with the littoral habitat of species in this genus and, more generally, the expression of sexually dimorphic porose areas in Ceratozetoidea. We revise the diagnosis for the genusZachvatkinibatesand present a revised key for adults ofZachvatkinibatesspecies of North America north of Mexico.
Analysis of grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) population surveys in Saskatchewan: 1972–2004
Authors: Olfert O. , Giffen D. , Hartley S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGrasshopper population forecasting and monitoring methods in western Canada have traditionally been linked to pest control decisions primarily by providing warnings of the likelihood of crop damage. Risk to crops is categorized as very light (1–4 grasshoppers/m2), light (>4–8 grasshoppers/m2), moderate (>8–12 grasshoppers/m2), severe (>12–24 grasshoppers/m2), or very severe (>24 grasshoppers/m2). A summary of grasshopper infestation by risk category indicated that in 29 of 33 years, infestations warranted ratings of severe or very severe, with the majority of these infestations occurring in the 1980s. Infestations involving the two categories severe and very severe encompassed about 84 900 and 85 600 km2 of agricultural land during the two largest infestations in 1985 and 2002, respectively. Keeping grasshopper populations below economic thresholds through preventative measures is the goal of integrated pest management. To determine when control measures are warranted, producers are asked to monitor grasshopper populations and estimate the number of grasshoppers per square metre. Economic thresholds provide guidance in making a decision as to whether control is warranted in different crops. Using economic thresholds as a guide, this study identified the eco-districts most at risk of crop damage within each of four major eco-regions of Saskatchewan. Overall, risk was highest in five eco-districts of the Mixed Grassland Eco-region. These findings provide guidance for the agriculture industry in relation to grasshopper management and for future survey programs in relation to targeting regions of the province most at risk from grasshoppers.
Effect of certain monounsaturated dodecene and tetradecene acetates and alcohols on electroantennogram response and pheromone-mediated trap catch of the obliquebanded leafroller
Authors: Trimble R.M. , El-Sayed Ashraf M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe effect of certain monounsaturated dodecene and tetradecene acetates and alcohols on electroantennogram (EAG) response and pheromone-mediated trap catch was examined in male obliquebanded leafroller moths, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The stimulation of antennae with 0.1 ng of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac), the major pheromone compound of this species, elicited an EAG response. The use of 1 ng of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac) or (E)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (E9-14:Ac) or 10 ng of (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:Ac) or (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:Ac) was required to elicit a response. One hundred nanograms of (E)-9-tetradecenol (E9-14:OH) were required to elicit a response from antennae. The stimulation of antennae with up to 100 ng of (Z)-9-tetradecenol (Z9-14:OH) did not elicit a response. The addition of 0.1 mg of Z9-12:Ac to 1 mg of synthetic C. rosaceana pheromone consisting of a 100:2:1.5:1 blend of Z11-14:Ac, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenol, and (Z)-11-tetradecenal reduced the capture of moths in pheromone-baited traps by more than 72%. Trap catch was reduced by more than 90% by the addition of 0.01 mg of Z9-14:Ac or E9-14:Ac to 1 mg of C. rosaceana pheromone. There was no detectable reduction in trap catch when 1 mg of E9-12:Ac, Z9-14:OH, or E9-14:OH was added to 1 mg of C. rosaceana pheromone. There was a greater than 95% reduction in trap catch when sources of Z9- or E9-12:Ac were mounted at the entrances to traps, 10 cm from the pheromone source. Trap catch was not affected by placing sources of Z9- or E9-14:Ac at trap entrances. Four 1 or 10 mg sources of E9-14:Ac placed 1 m from a trap did not affect the number of male C. rosaceana captured. The study demonstrates that although a compound may have profound attraction inhibiting activity when mixed directly with C. rosaceana pheromone, this activity may be lost if the inhibitor is emitted a short distance from the pheromone. The study also demonstrates that a potent attraction inhibitor such as E9-14:Ac does not repel C. rosaceana males and must be present along with pheromone to affect the behavior of this species.
Nitidulidae and Kateretidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea) of the Maritime provinces of Canada. I. New records from Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island
Authors: Majka Christopher G. , Cline Andrew R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Nitidulidae and Kateretidae of the Maritime provinces of Canada are surveyed. Forty-eight species are now known to occur in the region. Twenty-six are newly recorded in Nova Scotia and nine are newly recorded on Prince Edward Island. One Palearctic species,Soronia grisea(L.), is reported for only the second time in North America. Six other nonnative species have been intercepted. One new synonym,Glischrochilus sanguinolentussanguinolentus(Olivier, 1790) (=Glischrochilus sanguinolentusrubromaculatus(Reitter, 1873)syn. nov.), is designated. Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island appear to have a depauperate fauna, perhaps reflecting an island-related diminution of species, a comparative lack of collection effort, or a combination of both. An examination of the Nova Scotia fauna indicates several distribution patterns within the province. Introduced species constitute a sizeable component of the region's fauna, with four new introductions being reported here.
Foliage architecture explains oviposition preference of spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) for white spruce over balsam fir
Authors: Grant Gary G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractI conducted dual-choice oviposition bioassays to test the hypothesis that spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), prefer the foliage architecture (spatial arrangement of foliage needles) of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss; Pinaceae) to that of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill.; Pinaceae). Needles of white spruce radiate around the twig axis, giving the foliage a round architecture. Needles of balsam fir typically radiate bilaterally from the twig axis, giving the foliage a flat architecture, although on some trees foliage needles radiate around the twig axis, giving the foliage a round architecture. In bioassays, females showed a 2.4:1 preference for white spruce over "flat" balsam fir foliage, but this preference was reduced significantly to a 1.2:1 ratio when balsam fir had a round architecture. Given a choice between "round" and "flat" balsam fir foliage, females preferred the "round" foliage by a 2.2:1 margin. A similar preference for the round architecture was also observed when artificial (plastic) foliage with the two types of needle arrangements were compared. I conclude that the spatial arrangement of foliage needles is a major factor responsible for the oviposition preference of spruce budworm for white spruce over balsam fir.
How do primary nutrients affect the performance and preference of forest tent caterpillars on trembling aspen?
Authors: Noseworthy Meghan K. , Despland Emma 
Published: April 2009

AbstractVariation in leaf quality includes differences in both primary nutrients and secondary metabolites. Both of these factors can influence the feeding preference and resulting performance of herbivores in ways that are difficult to disentangle when comparing foliage from different sources. Our study was designed to assess the effects of the ratio of the primary nutrients in host-tree foliage, protein and sugar, on the performance and feeding behaviour of the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstriaHübner (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)). Fourth-stadium larvae were fed trembling aspen leaves (Populus tremuloidesMichx (Salicaceae)) supplemented with casein, sucrose, or buffer only (control). No differences in taste responses to the three leaf types were detected. In a cafeteria situation, feeding behaviour over the short term was largely determined by the use of pheromone trails and hence depended on which leaf was contacted first. Over the longer term, caterpillars fed most on the control leaf and the sugar-supplemented leaf and discriminated against the protein-supplemented leaf. Sugar supplementation increased survivorship relative to the control treatment but slowed development and did not affect growth; protein supplementation decreased growth. These findings are consistent with past research comparing forest tent caterpillar performance and feeding preference on different host plants.
Trapping of feral honey bee workers (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in a coastal prairie landscape: effects of season and vegetation type
Authors: Baum Kristen A. , Rubink William L. , Coulson Robert N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe examined capture rates of honey bee workers (Apis mellifera L.) throughout the year and compared capture rates among four different vegetation communities. Capture rates varied throughout the year, with the largest number of bees collected from December through February, when nectar and pollen availability were low. Capture rates also varied among vegetation communities. Traps located in the woodland community contained fewer honey bees than those located in live oak in February and live oak and brushland in December, corresponding to lower estimates of nectar availability in the woodland. Few honey bees were collected during swarming periods, suggesting that most of the captured honey bees were searching for food sources. The number of honey bees collected in the traps provided a qualitative estimate of food resource availability. The traps also may be used to collect insects for genetic analysis or to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of other species.
The Mordellidae (Coleoptera) of the Maritime provinces of Canada
Authors: Majka Christopher G. , Jackman John A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Mordellidae of the Maritime provinces of Canada is surveyed. Thirty species have now been recorded from the region. Of these, 17 are newly recorded for Nova Scotia, 11 are newly recorded for Prince Edward Island, and 7 are newly recorded for New Brunswick, for a total of 35 new provincial records. Three species, Mordellistena indistincta Smith, Mordellistena rubrifascia Liljeblad, and Mordellistena rubrilabris Helmuth, are newly recorded for Canada, while a further 11 species, Mordella melaena Germar, Mordellistena aspersa (Melsheimer), Mordellistena errans Fall, Mordellistena morula LeConte, Mordellistena picilabris Helmuth, Mordellistena sericans Fall, Mordellistena vilis (LeConte), Mordellina ancilla (LeConte), Mordellina nigricans (Melsheimer), Mordellina pustulata (Melsheimer), and Glipostenoda ambusta (LeConte), are newly recorded for Atlantic Canada. One subspecies, Mordella atrata lecontei Csiki, is removed from the region's faunal listing. The composition of the region's fauna as a whole, and related biogeographic questions, are briefly discussed. The Mordellidae are also discussed in the context of forest beetle communities in the region and the impact of historical forest management practices on old-growth specialist species.
Diel periodicity of sexual communication in Anarsia lineatella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Schlamp Kristine K. , Brown Kendra , Gries Regine , Hart Melanie , Gries Gerhard , Judd Gary G.R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe sex pheromone of the peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella (Zeller), was identified 30 years ago but the communication biology of this species has hardly been studied. In laboratory experiments, female moths kept at a photoperiod of 16L:8D (20 ± 2 °C, 70% ± 5% relative humidity) emitted pheromone before, during, and after sunrise (0400–0600 Pacific standard time), whereas pheromone was present in pheromone glands at similar quantities throughout the 24 h recording period. These data suggest that pheromone production and emission are not closely linked. In field experiments during July 2001 near Livingston, California (CA), and during June 2002 near Keremeos, British Columbia (BC), males were attracted to traps baited with synthetic sex pheromone (CA) or conspecific females (BC) only between 0300 and 0600 (Pacific standard time), suggesting overlap between periods of pheromone emission by females and attraction response by males. Groups of females in the presence of conspecific males, which were physically separated from females, emitted less sex pheromone than groups of females in the absence of males, suggesting that males communicate their presence to females and females change their behaviour in response.
Development of stem galls induced byDiplolepis triforma(Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) onRosa acicularis(Rosaceae)
Authors: Leggo Jonathan J. , Shorthouse Joseph D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe cynipidDiplolepis triformaShorthouse and Ritchie induces a fusiform, multi chambered stem gall from leaf buds onRosa acicularisLindl. in central and western Canada. Galls at all stages of development were fixed and sectioned using botanical histological techniques to illustrate, for the first time, the unique host-modifying abilities of gall-inducing cynipids that distinguish them from other phytophagous insects. Key events in gall ontogeny, wherebyD. triformagains control and redirects the development of attacked host tissues to provide larvae with shelter and food, include proliferation of cytoplasmically dense parenchymatous cells within the strands of the procambium at the point of egg contact, appearance of nutritive cells when larvae first begin to feed, formation of new xylem and phloem extending from un affected vascular bundles to the larval chambers, formation of several layers of nutritive cells during the period of larval feeding, and formation of sclerenchyma cells around each larval chamber. The role of these tissues in galler biology is explained.
Modification of galls ofDiplolepis triforma(Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) by the parasitoidsEurytoma spongiosa(Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) andGlyphomerus stigma(Hymenoptera: Torymidae)
Authors: Leggo Jonathan J. , Shorthouse Joseph D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractStem galls induced by the cynipidDiplolepis triformaShorthouse and Ritchie are frequently inhabited by several species of parasitic chalcids and ichneumonids that consume inducers or other parasitoids. Two of these parasitoids, the eurytomidEurytoma spongiosaBugbee and the torymidGlyphomerus stigma(Fabr.), consume gall tissues after they have consumed their insect hosts and are considered entomophytophagous. Both are koinobiont ectoparasitoids.Eurytoma spongiosaoviposits within gall chambers and attacks larvae of the inducer throughout the summer season, from the early growth phase of the galls until the galls mature. If the inducer is killed byE. spongiosain early summer, nutritive gall cells degenerate into vacuolate parenchyma and are consumed. If the inducer is killed later in the summer, when galls begin to mature, nutritive cells persist in the chambers for about 1 week before degenerating.Glyphomerus stigmakills and consumes inducer larvae when galls are maturing. New nutritive cells appear under the influence ofG. stigmaand are then consumed. The ability of entomophytophagous chalcids to promote the formation of gall cells provides insight into the derivation of the gall-inducing guild.
Lacconotus punctatusand the family Mycteridae (Coleoptera) newly recorded in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Majka Christopher G. , Selig Gary 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLacconotus punctatusLeConte is reported for the first time from Atlantic Canada from a specimen collected in Bridgewater, Nova Scotia. This is the first record of the family Mycteridae in the region. The bionomics and systematics of the species are briefly discussed. The report is also situated in the context of the developing knowledge of saproxylic beetles in the region.
Systematics, distributions, and bionomics of the Neoeocatops gen. nov. and Nemadus of North America (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Anemadini)
Authors: Peck Stewart B. , Cook Joyce 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper completes a review and revision of the tribe Anemadini in North America, covering the subtribe Eocatopina (new for North America), with the genus Neoeocatopsgen. nov. containing one species, and the subtribe Nemadina, with the genus Nemadus Thomson containing 12 species. Species are forest inhabitants feeding on carrion and other decaying materials, may occur in caves, or are myrmecophiles occupying the nests of formicine ants, mostly of the genera Formica L. and Camponotus Mayr. The following new synonyms are recognized: N. ellipticus Jeannel, 1936 = N. horni Hatch, 1933 and N. obliquus Fall, 1937 = N. triangulum Jeannel, 1936. Lectotypes are designated for Catops brachyderus LeConte, 1863, Catopspusio LeConte, 1859, and Choleva decipiens Horn, 1880. New species are Nemadus browni Peck and Cook, sp. nov., N. criddlei Peck and Cook, sp. nov., and N. falli Peck and Cook, sp. nov.
Seasonal changes in seed reduction in lodgepole pine cones caused by feeding of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae)
Authors: Strong Ward B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractManagement of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) seed orchards of British Columbia, Canada, would be improved with knowledge of its damage potential at different times of the growing season. Mesh insect-exclusion bags were placed over cones, and adults or nymphs of L. occidentalis were enclosed in different bags for 9 periods of 10 to 38 days between 6 May and 17 September 2004. Feeding by adult females between 6 May and 28 May reduced total extractable seeds, a result of ovule damage before fertilization. Reduction in the number of filled seeds per cone was highest between 6 May and 29 June, with each adult female reducing yield by approximately 1.7 seeds per day. Between 29 June and 10 August, each adult female reduced the number of filled seeds per cone (seed set) by 1.0 to 1.25 per day. Seed set reduction declined to approximately 0.25 filled seeds per adult female per day after 10 August. Third to fifth instars caused seed set reduction between 0.6 and 1.2 filled seeds per cone per nymph feeding day from 29 June to 10 August. Utilizing these findings would improve management of L. occidentalis in a commercial seed orchard setting.
Analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons in two Anagrus species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) as a tool to improve their correct identification
Authors: Floreani Chiara , Pavan Francesco , Nazzi Francesco 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMale and female adult wasps belonging to the atomus group of the genus Anagrus Haliday, classified according to morphological techniques, were analyzed for their cuticular hydrocarbons to detect any possible differences between species. Most female specimens that were identified as either A. atomus L. or A. ustulatus Haliday, using morphological and morphometrical characters, showed two distinct cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. These profiles seemed to be independent of the plants the insects were collected from, the potential leafhopper host species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and the emergence period, and they were largely consistent with classification based on morphology. Both A. atomus and A. ustulatus females were shown to emerge from leafhopper eggs found on Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae). Males, for which conclusive diagnostic characters are not yet available, showed the same two cuticular hydrocarbon patterns observed in females; on average, specimens displaying one hydrocarbon profile differed from those showing the other profile in three characters used for morphometrical analysis.