bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis elicited by IgG Fc‐binding M family proteins and blocked by IgG Fc fragment
Authors: BUROVA LARISSA , PIGAREVSKY PETER , SELIVERSTOVA VALENTINA , GUPALOVA TATIANA , SCHALÉN CLAES , TOTOLIAN ARTEM 
Published: November 2011

Burova L, Pigarevsky P, Seliverstova V, Gupalova T, Schalén C, Totolian A. Experimental poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis elicited by IgG Fc‐binding M family proteins and blocked by IgG Fc fragment. APMIS 2012; 120: 221–30.The pathogenesis of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), a major nonsuppurative complication of group A streptococcal (GAS) throat or skin disease, remains unclear. During the years, various theories based on certain streptococcal extracellular factors, as well as immunological mimicry between streptococci and renal tissue, have been forwarded. We earlier reported that many clinical GAS isolates with documented nephritogenic capacity show non‐immune binding of monomeric or aggregated IgG. Moreover, in a rabbit model of APSGN we obtained evidence for an important role of streptococcal IgG Fc binding proteins (IgGFcBPs) belonging to the M family surface proteins; thus, hyperimmunization by whole IgGFcBP‐positive streptococci was shown to induce renal glomerular changes with deposition of IgG and complement C3, resembling the picture recorded in human APSGN. These typical renal changes were always preceded by the appearance of circulating anti‐IgG antibodies. In the present work, using the same rabbit model, each of two purified IgGFcBPs, isolated from type M22 GAS, were found to elicit glomerular degenerative damage comparable to that caused by whole bacteria, as well as formation of anti‐IgG. In addition, the induction by whole streptococci (type M1) of experimental APSGN was inhibited by the i.v. administration of purified human or rabbit IgG Fc, but not Fab, fragment, supporting the importance of Fc‐mediated mechanisms in causation of glomerulonephritis. We propose that anti‐IgG antibody, induced by streptococcal IgGFcBP, facilitated renal accumulation of IgG‐containing complexes, which in turn triggered complement deposition and proinflammatory cascades. Further studies on the possible beneficial effect of IgG Fc fragment in APSGN should be of interest.
The effect of dietary fatty acids on post‐operative inflammatory response in a porcine model
Authors: LANGERHUUS SINE N. , JENSEN KARIN H. , TØNNESEN ELSE K. , THEIL PETER K. , HALEKOH ULRICH , LAURIDSEN CHARLOTTE 
Published: November 2011

Langerhuus SN, Jensen KH, Tønnesen EK, Theil PK, Halekoh U, Lauridsen C. The effect of dietary fatty acids on post‐operative inflammatory response in a porcine model. APMIS 2012; 120: 236–48.The potential anti‐inflammatory effects of dietary fish oil (FO) have been studied in numerous clinical trials. However, variation in lifestyle and morbidity among patients can be difficult to control. In the present study, the impact of a 3‐week dietary pre‐treatment with 10% (w/w) FO (n 28), sunflower oil (SO, n 28), or animal fat (AF, n 28) was evaluated with respect to post‐operative responses in inflammatory markers in a porcine model on aortic vascular prosthetic graft infection. In the early post‐operative period (0 < day ≤ 3), FO suppressed whole blood IL‐8 and tumor necrosis factor‐α responsiveness to LPS stimulation, decreased peripheral leukocyte IL‐8 mRNA abundance, reinforced an increase in total leukocyte count, and counteracted a decrease in mononuclear leukocyte count compared with SO. In the late post‐operative period (3 < day ≤ 14), FO increased total leukocyte count and showed higher maximum CRP and haptoglobin concentrations compared with SO. Compared with AF, FO decreased peripheral leukocyte IL‐8 mRNA abundance in the early post‐operative period, and increased total leukocyte count and maximum CRP concentration in the late post‐operative period. In conclusion, the post‐operative response in a number of inflammatory markers was affected by FO, and this was most apparent compared with SO.
Brooke‐Spiegler syndrome: report of two cases not associated with a mutation in the CYLD and PTCH tumor‐suppressor genes
Authors: Ponti Giovanni , Nasti Sabina , Losi Lorena , Pastorino Lorenza , Pollio Annamaria , Benassi Luisa , Giudice Stefania , Bertazzoni Giorgia , Veratti Eugenia , Azzoni Paola , Bianchi Scarrà Giovanna , Seidenari Stefania 
Published: November 2011

Brooke‐Spiegler syndrome represents an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the occurrence of multiple cylindromas, trichoepitheliomas and (sporadically) spiroadenomas. Patients with Brooke‐Spiegler syndrome are also at risk of developing tumors of the major and minor salivary glands. Patients with Brooke‐Spiegler syndrome have various mutations in the CYLD gene, a tumor‐suppressor gene located on chromosome 16q. To date, 68 unique CYLD mutations have been identified. We describe two families with Brooke‐Spiegler syndrome, one with familial cylindromatosis and one with multiple familial trichoepithelioma, which showed wide inter‐family phenotypic variability. Analysis of germline mutations of the CYLD and PTCH genes was performed using peripheral blood. In addition, formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor samples were analyzed for PTCH somatic mutations and cylindroma cell cultures were obtained directly from patients for further growth and analysis. Clinically, the major features of Brooke‐Spiegler syndrome include the presence of heterogeneous skin tumors and wide inter‐ and intra‐familial phenotypic variability. Histopathologically, both cylindromas and trichoepitheliomas were found in affected individuals. Mutations or loss of heterozygosity was not found in CYLD and PTCH genes. In CYLD and PTCH mutation‐negative patients, other genes may be affected and further studies are needed to clarify whether these patients may be affected by de novo germline mutations.Ponti G, Nasti S, Losi L, Pastorino L, Pollio A, Benassi L, Giudice S, Bertazzoni G, Veratti E, Azzoni P, Bianchi Scarrà G, Seidenari S. Brooke‐Spiegler syndrome: report of two cases not associated with a mutation in the CYLD and PTCH tumor‐suppressor genes.
Healthcare burden associated with the post‐thrombotic syndrome and potential impact of the new oral anticoagulants
Authors: Prandoni Paolo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDeep‐vein thrombosis (DVT) can have a significant impact on a patient’s life. In particular, the development of post‐thrombotic syndrome as a long‐term complication of DVT can have devastating consequences for the individual and impose a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems. Anticoagulants are the mainstay of DVT treatment; however, the current standard of care, a parenteral anticoagulant followed by a vitamin K antagonist, is associated with complex patient management, often resulting in suboptimal therapy. New, oral anticoagulants have been developed, and a direct thrombin inhibitor ‐ dabigatran etexilate ‐ and two direct Factor Xa inhibitors ‐ rivaroxaban and apixaban ‐ have completed and/or have ongoing phase III trials in the treatment of venous thromboembolism. These agents do not have the drawbacks of the vitamin K antagonists and hold promise for more effective treatment of DVT, possibly resulting in a reduction in the incidence of post‐thrombotic syndrome.
Acute kidney injury in a paediatric intensive care unit: comparison of the pRIFLE and AKIN criteria
Authors: Kavaz Aslı , Özçakar Z Birsin , Kendirli Tanıl , Öztürk Burcu Bulum , Ekim Mesiha , Yalçınkaya Fatoş 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  The purpose of our study was to evaluate and analyse the prevalence and association of acute kidney injury (AKI) as defined by paediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function and End‐stage kidney disease (pRIFLE) and Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) classifications in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Methods:  A prospective analysis of all patients that were admitted to our PICU between June 2009 and December 2010 was performed. Patients were classified according to AKIN and pRIFLE criteria.Results:  One hundred and eighty‐nine patients (mean age 45.9 ± 54.7 months; 110 male, 79 female) were enrolled. Sixty‐three (33.3%) patients developed AKI by AKIN criteria and 68 (35.9%) patients developed AKI by pRIFLE criteria. All patients that had AKI according to AKIN criteria also had this diagnosis with pRIFLE criteria. Five patients had developed AKI only according to pRIFLE classification, four of them owing to reduction in their estimated creatinine clearance and one of them owing to changes over 1‐week period. The mean length of PICU stay was longer, need for mechanical ventilation and mortality rates were higher in patients with AKI when compared to patients without AKI.Conclusion:  Although both pRIFLE and AKIN criteria were very helpful in the detection of patients with AKI even in the early stages of it, pRIFLE seems to be more sensitive in paediatric patients.
Filamentous actin is a substrate for protealysin, a metalloprotease of invasive Serratia proteamaculans
Authors: Tsaplina Olga , Efremova Tatiana , Demidyuk Ilya , Khaitlina Sofia 
Published: November 2011

Homologous bacterial metalloproteases ECP32/grimelysin from Serratia grimesii and protealysin from Serratia proteamaculans are involved in the invasion of the nonpathogenic bacteria in eukaryotic cells and are suggested to translocate into the cytoplasm [Bozhokina ES et al. (2011) Cell Biol Int35, 111–118]. The proteases have been characterized as actin‐hydrolyzing enzymes with a narrow specificity toward intact cell proteins. However, cleavage of filamentous actin (F‐actin) (i.e. the main actin species in the cell) and the properties of the cleaved F‐actin have not been investigated previously. In the present study, we revealed the presence of protealysin in the cytoplasm of 3T3‐SV40 cells infected with S. proteamaculans or recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the protealysin gene. We also show for the first time that purified protealysin and the lysates of the recombinant E. coli producing protealysin cleave 20–40% of F‐actin. Cleavage limited predominantly to the bond Gly42‐Val43 efficiently increases the steady‐state ATPase activity (dynamics) of F‐actin. abolishes this effect and promotes the nucleation of protealysin‐cleaved Mg‐globular‐actin even in the absence of 0.1 m KCl, most likely as a result of the stabilization of lateral intermonomer contacts of actin subunits. The results obtained in the present study suggest that F‐actin can be a target for protealysin upon its translocation into the host cell.Structured digital abstract
Protealysin cleaves Actin by proteaseassay (Viewinteraction)
Sialic acid, periodontal pathogens and Tannerella forsythia: stick around and enjoy the feast!
Authors: Stafford G. , Roy S. , Honma K. , Sharma A. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryPeriodontal pathogens, like any other human commensal or pathogenic bacterium, must possess both the ability to acquire the necessary growth factors and the means to adhere to surfaces or reside and survive in their environmental niche. Recent evidence has suggested that sialic acid containing host molecules may provide both of these requirements in vivo for several periodontal pathogens but most notably for the red complex organism Tannerella forsythia. Several other periodontal pathogens also possess sialic acid scavenging enzymes – sialidases, which can also expose adhesive epitopes, but might also act as adhesins in their own right. In addition, recent experimental work coupled with the release of several genome sequences has revealed that periodontal bacteria have a range of sialic acid uptake and utilization systems while others may also use sialic acid as a cloaking device on their surface to mimic host and avoid immune recognition. This review will focus on these systems in a range of periodontal bacteria with a focus on Ta. forsythia.
Bacterial Whole-Cell Biosensor for Glutamine with Applications for Quantifying and Visualizing Glutamine in Plants
Authors: Tessaro Michael J. , Soliman Sameh S. M. , Raizada Manish N. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

A whole-cell biosensor for glutamine (GlnLux) was constructed by transforming an
Escherichia coli
glutamine (Gln) auxotroph with a constitutive
lux
reporter gene. Measurements of Gln in plant extracts using GlnLux correlated with quantification using high-performance liquid chromatography (Spearman's
r
= 0.95). GlnLux permitted charge-coupled-device (CCD) imaging of Gln from whole plant organs.
Abundance and Composition of Epiphytic Bacterial and Archaeal Ammonia Oxidizers of Marine Red and Brown Macroalgae
Authors: Trias Rosalia , García-Lledó Arantzazu , Sánchez Noemí , López-Jurado José Luis , Hallin Sara , Bañeras Lluís 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) are important for nitrogen cycling in marine ecosystems. Little is known about the diversity and abundance of these organisms on the surface of marine macroalgae, despite the algae's potential importance to create surfaces and local oxygen-rich environments supporting ammonia oxidation at depths with low dissolved oxygen levels. We determined the abundance and composition of the epiphytic bacterial and archaeal ammonia-oxidizing communities on three species of macroalgae,
Osmundaria volubilis
,
Phyllophora crispa
, and
Laminaria rodriguezii
, from the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean Sea). Quantitative PCR of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA and
amoA
genes was performed. In contrast to what has been shown for most other marine environments, the macroalgae's surfaces were dominated by bacterial
amoA
genes rather than those from the archaeal counterpart. On the basis of the sequences retrieved from AOB and AOA
amoA
gene clone libraries from each algal species, the bacterial ammonia-oxidizing communities were related to
Nitrosospira
spp. and to
Nitrosomonas europaea
and only 6 out of 15 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were specific for the host species. Conversely, the AOA diversity was higher (43 OTUs) and algal species specific, with 17 OTUs specific for
L. rodriguezii
, 3 for
O. volubilis
, and 9 for
P. crispa
. Altogether, the results suggest that marine macroalgae may exert an ecological niche for AOB in marine environments, potentially through specific microbe-host interactions.
Development of a Simvastatin Selection Marker for a Hyperthermophilic Acidophile, Sulfolobus islandicus
Authors: Zheng Tao , Huang Qihong , Zhang Changyi , Ni Jinfeng , She Qunxin , Shen Yulong 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

We report here a novel selectable marker for the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon
Sulfolobus islandicus
. The marker cassette is composed of the
sac7d
promoter and the
hmg
gene coding for the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (P

sac7d

-hmg
), which confers simvastatin resistance to this crenarchaeon. The basic plasmid vector pSSR was constructed by substituting the
pyrEF
gene of the expression vector pSeSD for P

sac7d

-hmg
with which the
Sulfolobus
expression plasmids pSSRlacS, pSSRAherA, and pSSRNherA were constructed. Characterization of
Sulfolobus
transformants carrying pSSRlacS indicated that the plasmid was properly maintained under selection. High-level expression of the His
6
-tagged HerA helicase was obtained with the cells harboring pSSRAherA. The establishment of two efficient selectable markers (
pyrEF
and
hmg
) was subsequently exploited for genetic analysis. A
herA
merodiploid strain of
S. islandicus
was constructed using
pyrEF
marker and used as the host to obtain pSSRNherA transformant with simvastatin selection. While the gene knockout (Δ
herA
) cells generated from the
herA
merodiploid cells failed to form colonies in the presence of 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA), the mutant cells could be rescued by expression of the gene from a plasmid (pSSRNherA), because their transformants formed colonies on a solid medium containing 5-FOA and simvastatin. This demonstrates that HerA is essential for cell viability of
S. islandicus
. To our knowledge, this is the first application of an antibiotic selectable marker in genetic study for a hyperthermophilic acidophile and in the crenarchaeal lineage.
Diurnal Variation in Enterococcus Species Composition in Polluted Ocean Water and a Potential Role for the Enterococcal Carotenoid in Protection against Photoinactivation
Authors: Maraccini Peter A. , Ferguson Donna M. , Boehm Alexandria B. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Enterococcus
species composition was determined each hour for 72 h at a polluted marine beach in Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, CA. Species composition during the day was significantly different from that at night, based on an analysis of similarity.
Enterococcus faecium
and
E. faecalis
were more prevalent at night than during the day, while
E. hirae
and other
Enterococcus
species were more prevalent during the day than the night.
Enterococcus
spp. containing a yellow pigment were more common during the day than the night, suggesting that the pigmented phenotype may offer a competitive advantage under sunlit conditions. A laboratory microcosm experiment established that the pigmented
E. casseliflavus
isolate and a pigmented
E. faecalis
isolate recovered from the field site decay slower than a nonpigmented
E. faecalis
isolate in a solar simulator in simulated, clear seawater. This further supports the idea that the yellow carotenoid pigment in
Enterococcus
provides protection under sunlit conditions. The findings are in accordance with previous work with other carotenoid-containing nonphotosynthetic and photosynthetic bacteria that suggests that the carotenoid is able to quench reactive oxygen species capable of causing photoinactivation and photostress. The results suggest that using enterococcal species composition as a microbial source tracking tool may be hindered by the differential environmental persistence of pigmented and nonpigmented enterococci.
Loss of Elongation Factor P Disrupts Bacterial Outer Membrane Integrity
Authors: Zou S. Betty , Hersch Steven J. , Roy Hervé , Wiggers J. Brad , Leung Andrea S. , Buranyi Stephen , Xie Jinglin Lucy , Dare Kiley , Ibba Michael , Navarre William Wiley 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Elongation factor P (EF-P) is posttranslationally modified at a conserved lysyl residue by the coordinated action of two enzymes, PoxA and YjeK. We have previously established the importance of this modification in
Salmonella
stress resistance. Here we report that, like
poxA
and
yjeK
mutants,
Salmonella
strains lacking EF-P display increased susceptibility to hypoosmotic conditions, antibiotics, and detergents and enhanced resistance to the compound
S
-nitrosoglutathione. The susceptibility phenotypes are largely explained by the enhanced membrane permeability of the
efp
mutant, which exhibits increased uptake of the hydrophobic dye 1-
N
-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN). Analysis of the membrane proteomes of wild-type and
efp
mutant
Salmonella
strains reveals few changes, including the prominent overexpression of a single porin, KdgM, in the
efp
mutant outer membrane. Removal of KdgM in the
efp
mutant background ameliorates the detergent, antibiotic, and osmosensitivity phenotypes and restores wild-type permeability to NPN. Our data support a role for EF-P in the translational regulation of a limited number of proteins that, when perturbed, renders the cell susceptible to stress by the adventitious overexpression of an outer membrane porin.
The
prrAB
Two-Component System Is Essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Viability and Is Induced under Nitrogen-Limiting Conditions
Authors: Haydel Shelley E. , Malhotra Vandana , Cornelison Garrett L. , Clark-Curtiss Josephine E. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

The
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
prrA-prrB
(Rv0903c-Rv0902c) two-component regulatory system is expressed during intracellular growth in human macrophages and is required for early intracellular multiplication in murine macrophages, suggesting its importance in establishing infection. To better understand the function of the
prrA-prrB
two-component system, we defined the transcriptional characteristics of the
prrA
and
prrB
genes during exponential and stationary growth and upon exposure to different environmental stresses and attempted to generate a
prrA-prrB
deletion mutant. The
prrA
and
prrB
genes constitute an operon and are cotranscribed during logarithmic growth, with transcriptional levels decreasing in stationary phase and during hypoxia. Despite the transcriptional differences, PrrA protein levels remained relatively stable throughout growth and in hypoxia. Under conditions of nitrogen limitation,
prrAB
transcription was induced, while acidic pH stress and carbon starvation did not significantly alter transcript levels. Deletion of the
prrAB
operon on the chromosome of
M. tuberculosis
H37Rv occurred only in the presence of an episomal copy of the
prrAB
genes, indicating that this two-component system is essential for viability. Characterization of the
prrAB
locus in
M. tuberculosis
Mt21D3, a previously described
prrA
transposon mutant, revealed that this strain is not a true
prrA
knockout mutant. Rather, Tn
5367
transposon insertion into the
prrA
promoter only decreased
prrA
and
prrB
transcription and PrrA levels in Mt21D3 compared to those in the parental Mt103 clinical strain. These data provide the first report describing the essentiality of the
M. tuberculosis
prrAB
two-component system and reveal insights into its potential role in mycobacterial growth and metabolism.
The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative shows positive effects on breastfeeding indicators in Brazil
Authors: Venancio Sonia Isoyama , Saldiva Sílvia Regina Dias Médici , Escuder Maria Mercedes Loureiro , Justo Giugliani Elsa Regina 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundThe Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) has been implemented by WHO and Unicef with a view to protect, promote and support breast feeding. This paper aims to assess the influence of the BFHI on breastfeeding indicators in Brazil, using data from the 2nd Survey of Breastfeeding Prevalence, conducted in 2008.MethodsData on 64 municipalities were analysed: a total of 65 936 infants under the age of 1 year who were covered by the 2008 immunisation campaign. The outcomes of interest were breast feeding in the first hour of life in infants under 1 year of age; exclusive breast feeding on the first day after hospital discharge in infants under 4 months of age; exclusive breast feeding in infants under 2, 3 and 6 months of age; and pacifier use in infants under 6 months of age. The influence of birth in baby-friendly hospitals (BFHs) on these end points was analysed by means of Poisson regression with robust variance for complex samples.FindingsInfants born in BFHs were 9% more likely to be breast fed in the first hour of life and 6% more likely to be breast fed on the first day at home. Exclusive breast feeding was 13%, 8% and 6% more likely in infants under the ages of 2, 3 and 6 months, respectively, born in BFHs. Birth in a BFH also correlated with significant less pacifier use.ConclusionsThe BFHI has had an impact on several indicators of breast feeding. The authors hope the results of this study will make policy makers and health professionals aware of the importance and potential of this strategy.