bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open Reduction with Internal Fixation Versus Limited Internal Fixation and External Fixation for High Grade Pilon Fractures (OTA Type 43C)
Authors: Davidovitch Roy I. , Elkataran Rami , Romo Santiago , Walsh Michael , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2012

Background: The optimal treatment for high energy pilon fractures is controversial. Good clinical and functional results have been reported with traditional open reduction techniques and minimally invasive techniques utilizing external fixation (EF). The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate clinical, radiographic and functional outcomes following high-energy fractures of the tibial plafond. Methods: Between 2000 and 2006, 62 patients who were diagnosed with 63 Type 43C pilon fractures were treated surgically by a single surgeon and retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-seven patients were treated with a hinged bridging external fixator (EF) with supplemental limited internal fixation and 35 were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) utilizing traditional small fragment plates and screws. Out of the 62 patients, a total of 46 patients were available for review. Charts and radiographs were reviewed and a Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire was administered by a trained interviewer. Seventy-four percent of both the ex-fix patients and ORIF patients were available for followup with a mean of 18 and 22 months, respectively. Results were compared using student's T-tests. Results: There were no differences between the cohorts with respect to mechanism of injury, presence of an open wound and age. Functional outcomes were similar between the two groups based on the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and the “function” index of the SMFA. The overall complication and union rates were similar between the two groups. Conclusion: Both ORIF and EF appear to be comparable for treatment of OTA type 43C (pilon) fractures with regard to final range of ankle motion, development of arthritis and hindfoot scores. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Management of device-related wound complications in deep brain stimulation surgery
Authors: Fenoy Albert J. , Simpson Richard K. 
Published: March 2012

Object
Wound complications are uncommon following deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. However, certain key technical steps can be performed in each procedure to minimize this still troublesome risk. The authors reviewed the incidence and management of all hardware-related wound dehiscences and infections in a large patient series.

Methods
All patients undergoing new DBS hardware implantation surgery between 2002 and 2010 by a single surgeon (R.K.S.) were entered into a database after undergoing verification by cross-referencing manufacturer implantation records. All hardware-related complications such as wound dehiscence, erosions, and/or infections were identified, and wound location, time of incidence, and mechanism were categorized. Charts were reviewed to evaluate the success of conservative treatment versus partial or total hardware removal.

Results
Seven hundred twenty-eight patients received 1333 new DBS leads and 1218 new implantable pulse generators (IPGs) in a total of 1356 stereotactic procedures for movement disorders. Seventy-eight percent of patients underwent staged lead and IPG implantations. Sixteen patients presented with atraumatic device-related infection and/or dehiscence within 12 months from original implantation; 9 of these patients (1.24%) required additional surgery after antibiotic failure. All 8 patients presenting with cranial wound complications were treated initially by debridement in an attempt to salvage the leads; debridement followed by intravenous antibiotics was only successful in 2 patients presenting with dehiscence alone. One of 2 lead-only removals was successful in infections originating in the cranium; the only IPG-originating infection was treated by partial hardware removal and intravenous antibiotics. Two of 637 IPG replacements resulted in infections within 12 months after revision, requiring either partial or total hardware removal, while 1 dehiscence in this group was treated by debridement alone.

Conclusions
In a large series of new DBS hardware implantations, the incidence of postoperative wound dehiscence and/or infections requiring further surgery was 1.24%. Standard practice for all implantations was a short procedural duration, copious povidone-iodine irrigation, and postoperative antibiotic administration. Partial hardware removal should be initially attempted for infection. Debridement alone is successful in treating dehiscence without infection.
Humanisme et châtiment. Le meurtre de l'hôte
Authors: Tzitzis Stamatios 
Published: March 2012

Cet article propose d’approfondir les rapports et les multiples interconnections entre humanisme, devoir humanitaire et châtiment, d’habitude dissociés ou en conflit ; et de montrer leur éventuelle compatibilité. Le « meurtre de l’hôte », du xenos , dans l’Antiquité grecque nous servira d’exemple privilégié afin de procéder à la comparaison de la pensée antique et des acquis de la postmodernité, du point de vue d’une philosophie de la sanction pénale.
Petits meurtres en famille
Authors: Chartier Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2012

Les parents martyrs existent, insultés, menacés, battus et terrorisés par leurs enfants mineurs. Quels drames anciens font de ces adolescents des tortionnaires de leur famille ? L’auteur propose des explications d’abord psychosociologiques puis psychanalytiques, pensant que ce phénomène de parents martyrs serait un avatar des processus d’incestualité qui mettent à mal la famille aujourd’hui.
Involvement of an NKG2D Ligand H60c in Epidermal Dendritic T Cell-Mediated Wound Repair
Authors: Yoshida Shigeru , Mohamed Rania Hassan , Kajikawa Mizuho , Koizumi Jun , Tanaka Minami , Fugo Kazunori , Otsuka Noriyuki , Maenaka Katsumi , Yagita Hideo , Chiba Hitoshi , Kasahara Masanori 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) found in mouse skin are NKG2D-positive γδ T cells involved in immune surveillance and wound repair. It is assumed that the interaction of an NKG2D receptor on DETCs and an MHC class I-like NKG2D ligand on keratinocytes activates DETCs, which then secrete cytokines promoting wound repair. However, direct evidence that DETC activation through NKG2D signaling promotes wound repair is not available. In the present study, we generated mAbs for an NKG2D ligand H60c previously suggested to be expressed specifically on skin keratinocytes. Local administration of H60c-specific mAb inhibited activation of DETCs and significantly delayed wound repair. Likewise, administration of NKG2D-specific mAb impaired wound repair to a similar extent. The delay in wound closure resulting from the blockade of the NKG2D pathway was comparable to that observed in γδ T cell-deficient mice. These results indicate that H60c/NKG2D interactions play a critical role in wound repair. Reassessment of binding affinities showed that H60c monomers bind to NKG2D with affinity (Kd = 26 ± 3.2 nM) comparable to those of other high-affinity NKG2D ligands. H60c is transcribed not only in skin but also in tissues such as tongue and female reproductive tract known to contain epithelium-resident γδ T cells expressing invariant TCRs, suggesting a more general role for H60c in the maintenance of epithelial integrity.
Caspase-1 Has Both Proinflammatory and Regulatory Properties in Helicobacter Infections, Which Are Differentially Mediated by Its Substrates IL-1β and IL-18
Authors: Hitzler Iris , Sayi Ayca , Kohler Esther , Engler Daniela B. , Koch Katrin N. , Hardt Wolf-Dietrich , Müller Anne 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The proinflammatory cysteine protease caspase-1 is autocatalytically activated upon cytosolic sensing of a variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by Nod-like receptors. Active caspase-1 processes pro–IL-1β and pro–IL-18 to generate the bioactive cytokines and to initiate pathogen-specific immune responses. Little information is available on caspase-1 and inflammasome activation during infection with the gastric bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori. In this study, we addressed a possible role for caspase-1 and its cytokine substrates in the spontaneous and vaccine-induced control of Helicobacter infection, as well as the development of gastritis and gastric cancer precursor lesions, using a variety of experimental infection, vaccine-induced protection, and gastric disease models. We show that caspase-1 is activated and IL-1β and IL-18 are processed in vitro and in vivo as a consequence of Helicobacter infection. Caspase-1 activation and IL-1 signaling are absolutely required for the efficient control of Helicobacter infection in vaccinated mice. IL-1R−/− mice fail to develop protective immunity but are protected against Helicobacter-associated gastritis and gastric preneoplasia as a result of their inability to generate Helicobacter-specific Th1 and Th17 responses. In contrast, IL-18 is dispensable for vaccine-induced protective immunity but essential for preventing excessive T cell-driven immunopathology. IL-18−/− animals develop strongly accelerated pathology that is accompanied by unrestricted Th17 responses. In conclusion, we show in this study that the processing and release of a regulatory caspase-1 substrate, IL-18, counteracts the proinflammatory activities of another caspase-1 substrate, IL-1β, thereby balancing control of the infection with the prevention of excessive gastric immunopathology.
Bethe Ansatz approach to the pairing fluctuations in the mesoscopic regime
Authors: Amico L. , Osterloh A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe review the exact treatment of the pairing correlation functions in the canonical ensemble. The key for the calculations has been provided by relating the discrete BCS model to known integrable theories corresponding to the so called Gaudin magnets with suitable boundary terms. In the present case the correlation functions can be accessed beyond the formal level, allowing the description of the cross‐over from few electrons to the thermodynamic limit. In particular, we summarize the results on the finite size scaling behavior of the canonical pairing clarifying some puzzles emerged in the past. Some recent developments and applications are outlined.
The first invasive bivalve in African fresh waters: invasion portrait and management options
Authors: Clavero Miguel , Araujo Rafael , Calzada Javier , Delibes Miguel , Fernández Néstor , Gutiérrez‐Expósito Carlos , Revilla Eloy , Román Jacinto 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

The first clear evidence of the establishment of an invasive freshwater bivalve in Africa is provided, through the description of the distribution of Corbicula fluminea in Morocco.
C. fluminea was detected in 2008 and 2011 in two independent river basins, although still absent in other river systems throughout the country.
This information is used to propose management actions, which should be focused on avoiding interbasin expansion as well as new introduction events from European fresh waters. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid methods of detecting the target molecule in immunohistology using a bioluminescence probe
Authors: Wu Chun , Wang Ke‐Yong , Guo Xin , Sato Masanori , Ozaki Michitaka , Shimajiri Shyohei , Ohmiya Yoshihiro , Sasaguri Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate a novel rapid direct detection method for immunohistochemistry, using a bioluminescent probe. An anti‐CEA antibody‐fused far‐red bioluminescent protein can monitor the accumulation of this type of probe in tumour tissues. The bimodal spectrum (λmax = 460 and 675 nm) of this bioluminescent probe is extremely stable under different conditions of pH and ion concentration. The sensitivity of our bioluminescent labelling was at the same level of enzymatic labelling, e.g. peroxidase, as an indirect system. Our novel technique is simple and can shorten the pretreatment time of paraffin sections to around 30 min. The utility of our bioluminescent labelling covers all imaging in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo, suggesting that our antibody‐fused bioluminescent probe has the potential to detect tumour antigens with a high sensitivity in routine immune histological examinations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolism studies of casticin in rats using HPLC‐ESI‐MSn
Authors: Ling Yun , Zhu Jianyong , Fan Mingsong , Wu Bin , Qin Luping , Huang Chenggang 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTCasticin (3′,5‐dihydroxy‐3, 4′,6,7‐tetramethoxyflavone) has been revealed to possess various kinds of pharmacological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti‐hyperprolactinemia, anti‐tumor and neuroprotetective activities. In order to gain an understanding of the biotransformation of casticinin vivo, a systematic method based on liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MSn) was developed to identify the metabolites of casticin in rats after oral administration of single dose of casticin at 200 mg/kg. By comparing their changes in molecular masses (ΔM), retention times and spectral patterns with those of the parent drug, the parent compound and 25 metabolites were identified in rat plasma, urine and six selected tissues. This is the first systematic metabolism study of casticinin vivo. The results indicated that methylation, demethylation, glucuronidation and sulfation were the main biotransformation pathways of casticinin vivo. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A One‐Step Process for the Antimicrobial Finishing of Textiles with Crystalline TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Perelshtein Ilana , Applerot Guy , Perkas Nina , Grinblat Judith , Gedanken Aharon 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTitanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in their two forms, anatase and rutile, were synthesized and deposited onto the surface of cotton fabrics by using ultrasonic irradiation. The structure and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed by using characterization methods such as XRD, TEM, STEM, and EDS. The antimicrobial activities of the TiO2–cotton composites were tested against Escherichia coli (Gram‐negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram‐positive) strains, as well as against Candida albicans. Significant antimicrobial effect was observed, mainly against Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the combination of visible light and TiO2 NPs showed enhanced antimicrobial activity.
Graphene–CdS Nanocomposites: Facile One‐Step Synthesis and Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Cytosensing
Authors: Zhao Xiaomei , Zhou Shiwei , Jiang Li‐Ping , Hou Wenhua , Shen Qingming , Zhu Jun‐Jie 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGraphene–CdS (GR–CdS) nanocomposites were prepared in a one‐step synthesis in aqueous solution. The synthetic approach was simple and fast, and it may be extended for the synthesis of other GR–metal‐sulfide nanocomposites. The as‐prepared GR–CdS nanocomposite films inherited the excellent electron‐transport properties of GR. In addition, the heteronanostructure of the GR–CdS nanocomposites facilitated the spatial separation of the charge carriers, thus resulting in enhanced photocurrent intensity, which makes it a promising candidate for photoelectrochemical applications. This strategy was used for the fabrication of an advanced photoelectrochemical cytosensor, based on these GR–CdS nanocomposites, by using a layer‐by‐layer assembly process. This photoelectrochemical cytosensor showed a good photoelectronic effect and cell‐capture ability, and had a wide linear range and low detection limit for Hela cells. The as‐synthesized GR–CdS nanocomposites exhibited obviously enhanced photovoltaic properties, which could be an efficient platform for many other high‐performance photovoltaic devices.
A DFT and TD‐DFT Approach to the Understanding of Statistical Kinetics in Substitution Reactions of M3Q4 (M=Mo, W; Q=S, Se) Cuboidal Clusters
Authors: Algarra Andrés G. , Fernández‐Trujillo M. Jesús , Basallote Manuel G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFor many years it has been known that the nine water molecules in [M3Q4(H2O)9]4+ cuboidal clusters (M=Mo, W; Q=S, Se) can be replaced by entering ligands, such as chloride or thiocyanate, and kinetic studies carried out mainly on the substitution of the first water molecule at each metal centre reveal that the reaction at the three metal centres occurs with statistical kinetics; that is, a single exponential with a rate constant corresponding to the reaction at the third centre is observed instead of the expected three‐exponential kinetic trace. Such simplification of the kinetic equations requires the simultaneous fulfilment of two conditions: first that the three consecutive rate constants are in statistical ratio, and second that the metal centres behave as independent chromophores. The validity of those simplifications has been checked for the case of the reaction of [Mo3S4(H2O)9]4+ with Cl− by using DFT and TD‐DFT theoretical calculations. The results of those calculations are in agreement with the available experimental information, which indicates that the H2O ligands trans to the μ‐S undergo substitution much faster than those trans to the μ3‐S. Moreover, the energy barriers for the substitution of the first water molecule at the three metal centres are close to each other, the differences being compatible with the small changes in the numerical values of the rate constants required for observation of statistical kinetics. TD‐DFT calculations lead to calculated electronic spectra, which are in reasonable agreement with those experimentally measured, but the calculations do not indicate that the three metal centres behave as independent chromophores, although the mathematical conditions required for simplification of the kinetic traces to a single exponential are reasonably well fulfilled at certain wavelengths. A re‐examination of the kinetics of the reaction by using global fitting procedures yields results, which are compatible with statistical kinetics, although an alternative interpretation in which substitution only occurs at a single metal centre under reversible conditions is also possible.
Observations and Descriptions versus Explanations—An Example: Does Nature, Does Theory Know About Steric Hindrance?
Authors: Schwarz W. H. Eugen , Schmidbaur Hubert 
Published: March 2012

AbstractQuantum chemical investigations in the literature sometimes underpin traditional chemical concepts (such as those of different primary and secondary types of chemical bonding or of steric repulsions) but sometimes also seem to undermine them. Conceptual pitfalls in recent discussions in this and other leading journals, when combining empirically and quantum chemically based reasoning, can be avoided when taking four points into account: 1) The construction of theoretical concepts should be guided by both, physical rigorandthe aim of recovering the notions that have been found chemically fruitful. 2) Partitioning of a chemical phenomenon into elementary physical steps should not only consider the stationary initial and final states butalsoinclude non‐stationary intermediate states that exhibit the physically characteristic internal relaxation mechanism. 3) Even if sufficiently accurate, the partitioning into large contributions of opposite sign is less valuable for a qualitative chemical understanding, as long as thetrendof one big decisive term or sum of terms cannot be made obvious (for instance on the basis of the variation principle—or by chemical intuition). 4) Causalexplanatorynotions, even if more vague or fuzzy than some more rigorous and unique descriptive concepts, have to be advanced towards a more fruitful chemical theory.
Sacrificial Templating Synthesis of Hematite Nanochains from [Fe18S25](TETAH)14 Nanoribbons: Their Magnetic, Electrochemical, and Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Zhou Yu‐Xue , Yao Hong‐Bin , Yao Wei‐Tang , Zhu Zhu , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractUnique hematite nanochains self‐assembled from α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles can be synthesized by thermal decomposition of [Fe18S25](TETAH)14 as an appropriate nanoribbon precursor (TETAH=protonated triethylenetetramine). Magnetic studies have revealed greatly enhanced coercivity of the 1D hematite nanochains compared with that of dispersed α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles at low temperature, which may be attributed to their increased shape anisotropy and magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The photocatalytic properties of the hematite nanochains have been studied, as well as their electrochemical properties as cathode materials of lithium‐ion batteries. The results have shown that both properties are dependent on the BET specific surface areas of the 1D hematite nanochains.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Photophysics, and Broadband Nonlinear Absorption of a Platinum(II) Complex with the 6‐(7‐Benzothiazol‐2′‐yl‐9,9‐diethyl‐9 H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bipyridinyl Ligand
Authors: Zhang Bingguang , Li Yunjing , Liu Rui , Pritchett Timothy M. , Azenkeng Alexander , Ugrinov Angel , Haley Joy E. , Li Zhongjing , Hoffmann Mark R. , Sun Wenfang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA platinum complex with the 6‐(7‐benzothiazol‐2′‐yl‐9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bipyridinyl ligand (1) was synthesized and the crystal structure was determined. UV/Vis absorption, emission, and transient difference absorption of 1 were systematically investigated. DFT calculations were carried out on 1 to characterize the electronic ground state and aid in the understanding of the nature of low‐lying excited electronic states. Complex 1 exhibits intense structured 1π–π* absorption at λabs<440 nm, and a broad, moderate 1MLCT/1LLCT transition at 440–520 nm in CH2Cl2 solution. A structured 3π–π*/3MLCT emission at about 590 nm was observed at room temperature and at 77 K. Complex 1 exhibits both singlet and triplet excited‐state absorption from 450 nm to 750 nm, which are tentatively attributed to the 1π–π* and 3π–π* excited states of the 6‐(7‐benzothiazol‐2′‐yl‐9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine ligand, respectively. Z‐scan experiments were conducted by using ns and ps pulses at 532 nm, and ps pulses at a variety of visible and near‐IR wavelengths. The experimental data were fitted by a five‐level model by using the excited‐state parameters obtained from the photophysical study to deduce the effective singlet and triplet excited‐state absorption cross sections in the visible spectral region and the effective two‐photon absorption cross sections in the near‐IR region. Our results demonstrate that 1 possesses large ratios of excited‐state absorption cross sections relative to that of the ground‐state in the visible spectral region; this results in a remarkable degree of reverse saturable absorption from 1 in CH2Cl2 solution illuminated by ns laser pulses at 532 nm. The two‐photon absorption cross sections in the near‐IR region for 1 are among the largest values reported for platinum complexes. Therefore, 1 is an excellent, broadband, nonlinear absorbing material that exhibits strong reverse saturable absorption in the visible spectral region and large two‐photon‐assisted excited‐state absorption in the near‐IR region.
Investigation on Crystallization Fouling in Micro Heat Exchanger
Authors: Bucko Jürgen , Mayer Moriz , Benzinger Walther , Augustin Wolfgang , Scholl Stephan , Dittmeyer Roland 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHinsichtlich der Stoff‐ und Wärmetransporteigenschaften bieten mikrostrukturierte Apparate aufgrund ihrer kleinen inneren Abmessungen große Vorteile gegenüber konventionellen Systemen. Trotzdem werden sie in der chemischen Industrie vergleichsweise selten eingesetzt. Eine grundlegende Einschränkung sind die kleinen Strömungsquerschnitte. Ablagerungen aufgrund chemischer Reaktionen in den Mikrostrukturen bewirken eine Verringerung der Wärmeübertragungsleistung und eine Erhöhung des Druckverlustes. Weiterhin muss mit einer ungleichmäßigen Verteilung des Fluides auf die Mikrostrukturen und damit einer veränderten Verweilzeitverteilung gerechnet werden, wodurch die Effizienz der Apparate sinkt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden erste grundlegende systematische Untersuchungen zum Kristallisationsfouling in Mikrowärmeübertragern vorgestellt.