bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor‐expressing neurons in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Gangarossa Giuseppe , Longueville Sophie , De Bundel Dimitri , Perroy Julie , Hervé Denis , Girault Jean‐Antoine , Valjent Emmanuel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe hippocampal formation is part of an anatomical system critically involved in learning and memory. Increasing evidence suggests that dopamine plays an important role in learning and memory as well as in several forms of synaptic plasticity. However, the precise identification of neuronal populations expressing D1 or D2 dopamine receptors within the hippocampus is still lacking. To clarify this issue, we used BAC transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the promoter of dopamine D1 or D2 receptors. In Drd1a‐EGFP mice, sparse GFP‐expressing neurons were detected among glutamatergic projecting neurons of the granular layer of the dentate gyrus and GABAergic interneurons located in the hilus. A dense immunofluorescence was observed in the outer and medial part of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus as well as in the inner part of the molecular layer of CA1 corresponding to the terminals of pyramidal neurons of the entorhinal cortex defining the perforant and the temporo‐ammonic pathway respectively. Finally, scattered D1 receptor‐expressing neurons were also identified as GABAergic interneurons in the CA3/CA1 fields of the hippocampus. In Drd2‐EGFP transgenic mice, GFP was exclusively detected in the glutamatergic mossy cells located in the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus. This pattern was confirmed in Drd2‐Cre mice crossed with NLS‐LacZ‐TaumGFP:LoxP and RCE:LoxP reporter lines. Our results demonstrate that D1 and D2 receptor‐expressing neurons are strictly segregated in the mouse hippocampus. By clarifying the identity of D1 and D2 receptor‐expressing neurons in the hippocampus, this study establishes a basis for future investigations aiming at elucidating their roles in the hippocampal network. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A practical approach to the assessment of probabilistic flow predictions
Authors: Liguori Sara , Rico‐Ramirez Miguel Angel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper deals with the assessment of hydrological predictions driven by probabilistic hybrid rainfall forecasts obtained by merging numerical weather prediction and radar‐based rainfall forecasts. Deterministic and ensemble hybrid rainfall forecasts have been utilized to provide river flow predictions on a catchment study located in the UK. A novel assessment methodology has been developed and implemented for the purpose of comparing deterministic and ensemble river flow predictions. The assessment methodology provides a measure of the degree of underestimation/overestimation characterizing the forecasts in comparison with a series of normalized reference thresholds. The analysis of the results obtained by implementing this evaluation methodology shows that the overall performance of the deterministic forecasts is very similar to that of the ensemble forecasts, with a slightly larger degree of underestimation affecting the ensemble forecasts in comparison with the deterministic forecasts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of electrospun silica–titania nanofibers with different silica content and evaluation of the morphology and osteoinductive properties
Authors: Wang Xiaokun , Zhu Jingxian , Yin Ling , Liu Shize , Zhang Xin , Ao Yingfang , Chen Haifeng 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCeramic‐derived materials have shown enhanced osteogenic potential for bone tissue engineering applications. Silica is the major component of bioglass, and titania, the oxide complex of titanium, has been found to enhance osteoblast differentiation. In this study, three groups of sol–gel‐derived silica–titania fibrous meshes with precursor ratios of Ti:Si = 7:3, 1:1, 3:7 were fabricated by electrospinning. The effects of silica content on the crystal phase and morphology of silica–titania hybrid nanofiber meshes were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and laser confocal microscopy. The osteogenic potential of the silica–titania meshes was evaluated by seeding mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on each mesh and determining cell number, osteodifferentiation markers, and osteopontin production over time. Our results show that cells proliferated throughout the mesh surfaces with similar morphology in all groups. Decreased cell proliferation was observed with the fiber meshes compared with glass controls, whereas cell differentiation toward osteoblast was enhanced on the mesh groups, especially on the Ti:Si = 7:3 group. These findings suggest that higher fiber diameter, degree of crystallization, and titania content of nanofibers can enhance osteodifferentiation of MSCs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A:3511–3517, 2012.
Odanacatib in the treatment of postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density: Five years of continued therapy in a phase 2 study
Authors: Langdahl Bente , Binkley Neil , Bone Henry , Gilchrist Nigel , Resch Heinrich , Rodriguez Portales Jose , Denker Andrew , Lombardi Antonio , Le Bailly De Tilleghem Celine , DaSilva Carolyn , Rosenberg Elizabeth , Leung Albert 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Odanacatib (ODN) is a selective inhibitor of the collagenase cathepsin K that is highly expressed by osteoclasts. In this 2-year, phase 2, dose-ranging trial, postmenopausal women with bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores −2.0 to −3.5 at spine or hip were randomized to weekly placebo or ODN 3, 10, 25, or 50 mg plus vitamin D3 and calcium. Prespecified trial-extensions continued through 5 years. In year 3, all women were re-randomized to ODN 50 mg or placebo. For years 4 and 5, women who received placebo or ODN 3 mg in years 1 and 2 and placebo in year 3 received ODN 50 mg; others continued year 3 treatments. Endpoints included lumbar spine (primary), hip, 1/3 radius, and total body BMD; markers of bone metabolism; and safety. Women in the year 4 to 5 extension receiving placebo (n = 41) or ODN 50 mg (n = 100) had similar baseline characteristics. For women who received ODN (10–50 mg) for 5 years, spine and hip BMD increased over time. With ODN 50 mg continually for 5 years (n = 13), mean lumbar spine BMD percent change from baseline (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 11.9% (7.2% to 16.5%) versus −0.4% (−3.1% to 2.3%) for women who were switched from ODN 50 mg to placebo after 2 years (n = 14). In pooled results of women receiving continuous ODN (10–50 mg, n = 26–29), year 5 geometric mean percent changes from baseline in bone resorption markers cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX)/creatinine and cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX) were approximately −55%, but near baseline for bone formation markers bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP). In women switched from ODN 10 to 50 mg to placebo after 2 years (n = 25), bone turnover markers were near baseline. In summary, women receiving combinations of ODN (10–50 mg) for 5 years had gains in spine and hip BMD and showed larger reductions in bone resorption than bone formation markers. Discontinuation of ODN resulted in reversal of treatment effects. Treatment with ODN for up to 5 years was generally well-tolerated. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hadamard Matrices of Order 32
Authors: Kharaghani Hadi , Tayfeh‐Rezaie Behruz 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTwo Hadamard matrices are considered equivalent if one is obtained from the other by a sequence of operations involving row or column permutations or negations. We complete the classification of Hadamard matrices of order 32. It turns out that there are exactly 13,710,027 such matrices up to equivalence.
Novel synthesis of leucoside by enzymatic hydrolysis of tea seed extract
Authors: Chung Dae‐won , Lee Seul Bi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The application of tea seed extract (TSE) has been widely investigated owing to its biological activities. In this paper, two flavonol triglycosides found in TSE, camelliaside A (CamA) and camelliaside B (CamB), were subjected to hydrolysis in the presence of three commercial enzyme complexes of the Pectinex® series, 5XL, XXL and Ultra SP‐L (Ultra).RESULTS: XXL and 5XL induced stepwise deglycosylation of CamA and CamB to yield kaempferol diglycoside (nicotiflorin), kaempferol monoglycoside (astragalin) and kaempferol, while Ultra produced an additional new compound (1) that had not been observed in earlier studies. Upon hydrolysis of isolated CamA and CamB, compound (1) was obtained only from CamB. Both the molecular ion peak in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and the 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of (1) isolated by Ultra‐induced hydrolysis of TSE indicated that (1) was kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐xylopyranosyl (1 → 2)‐β‐glucopyranoside (leucoside), formed by selective hydrolysis of the rhamnosyl moiety of CamB.CONCLUSION: Pure leucoside can be prepared by enzymatic partial hydrolysis of TSE. This is the first study to address the synthesis of pure leucoside from a natural source. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The effects of fruit maturation, delayed storage and ethylene treatment on the incidence of low‐temperature breakdown of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit
Authors: Koutsoflini Alexia , Gerasopoulos Dimitrios , Vasilakakis Miltiadis 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Low‐temperature breakdown (LTB), a disorder inducing quality loss, during and after cold storage of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit was investigated. Harvested kiwifruits during fruit maturation or after delayed storage (DS) at 20 °C for 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks and 1 µL L−1 ethylene treatment for 24 h were stored at − 0.5 °C for 24 weeks and additional ripening at 20 °C for 5 days. Fruit quality indices and LTB incidence and severity were determined before and after treatments.RESULTS: Harvested fruits ripened during maturation, DS and after ethylene treatment. After storage and shelf life, fruits of all treatments were at complete ripening stage. LTB incidence of early harvested fruits was high, while that of fruits of the mid (third) and late harvests was low. Fruits of the third harvest date showed progressively increased LTB incidence with increasing duration of DS to as high as 95–100% after 4 weeks. Ethylene‐treated fruits showed a comparable increase in LTB to that corresponding to 2–3 weeks of DS.CONCLUSION: In contrast to fruit maturation, postharvest (after harvest and before storage) DS at non‐chilling temperature and ethylene treatment advanced the ripening of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit and resulted in increased LTB incidence. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficacy of various naturally occurring caffeic acid derivatives in preventing post‐harvest protein losses in forages
Authors: Sullivan Michael L , Zeller Wayne E 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: In red clover, oxidation of endogenous o‐diphenols by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibits post‐harvest proteolyis. This system is transferable to alfalfa by providing PPO (via a transgene) and o‐diphenol PPO substrates (via exogenous application). To exploit the PPO system for protein protection, it would be advantageous to produce PPO substrates in alfalfa, which lacks them. We assessed the extent of PPO‐mediated proteolytic inhibition by phenolic compounds, especially those whose biosynthesis could be engineered into alfalfa.RESULTS: Tested compounds included o‐diphenols (caffeic acid, phaselic acid, chlorogenic acid, clovamide) and monophenols (p‐coumaric acid, p‐coumaroyl‐malic acid). In the presence of PPO, 2 mmol o‐diphenol g−1 protein reduced 24 h proteolysis 68–87% (P < 0.001) and as little as 0.25 mmol g−1 protein still decreased 24 h proteolysis 43–60% (P < 0.001). At high concentrations, clovamide inhibited 24 h proteolysis 50% (P < 0.001) in the absence of PPO, likely due to non‐PPO oxidation. Monophenol p‐coumaric acid did not inhibit 24 h proteolyis, although high levels of its malate ester did exhibit PPO‐ and oxygen‐independent inhibition (37%, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: For PPO‐mediated proteolytic inhibition, pathways for both phaselic acid and chlorogenic acid may be good targets for engineering into alfalfa. Clovamide may be useful for inhibiting proteolysis without PPO. Published 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of encroaching woody vegetation on nest success of upland nesting waterfowl
Authors: Thompson Sarah J. , Arnold Todd W. , Vacek Sara 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGrassland managers often regard woody vegetation as hostile habitat that potentially reduces the abundance and fecundity of wildlife that use grasslands. We tested that assumption for waterfowl by examining patterns of nest success on study areas that differed in current extent and previous management of woody vegetation. We located and monitored 1,064 waterfowl nests on 33 federally owned Waterfowl Production Areas (WPAs) in western Minnesota during 2008–2010. Sites contained 0.3–15.1% woodland and also varied markedly in extent of shrubs and scattered trees. Average nest success was low (12.9%), but ranged from 1.5% to 38.7% among site‐years. Nests were more likely to succeed when located in landscapes containing more grass (500‐m scale) and fewer wetlands (100‐m scale), but none of 8 variables measuring woody vegetation were negatively associated with nest survival and 1 variable (abundance of lone trees) was positively associated with nest survival. Our results indicate that management efforts focusing on removing woody vegetation are unlikely to provide improvements in nest survival rates for breeding waterfowl, except to the extent that such management is necessary to maintain large tracts of grassland. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Influence of young black spruce plantations on moose winter distribution
Authors: Leclerc Martin , Lamoureux Jean , St‐Laurent Martin‐Hugues 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLogging in the boreal forest may benefit moose by increasing food availability. However, the influence of tree plantations on moose behavior, especially on moose spatial ecology, is poorly understood. We assessed the impacts of black spruce plantations on moose winter distribution at a landscape scale in the Bas‐Saint‐Laurent region (Québec, Canada). We used winter aerial surveys to examine relationships among plantation characteristics and other habitat variables known to affect moose distribution. The total area of plantations positively influenced moose abundance, but highly aggregated plantations resulted in fewer moose. Moose abundance was also positively associated with food availability and the density of edges between stands providing cover and stands offering high food availability, but moose abundance was negatively associated with road density. Although plantation characteristics were less influential than habitat variables related to foraging and predator avoidance, we demonstrate that the area of black spruce plantations and their configuration should be considered in moose management. We conclude that an integrated management strategy is needed to find a balance between overdeveloped road networks (needed to join homogeneously distributed plantations) and agglomerated plantations in order to mitigate impacts on moose winter distribution. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
The Role of Affect in the Computational Modeling ofNaturalLanguage
Authors: Alm Cecilia Ovesdotter 
Published: July 2012

AbstractExpressivity is an intrinsic component of natural language. This article follows the tradition ofaffective computing(Picard 1997) in usingaffectto refer to connected concepts such as emotion, mood, feelings, personality, attitude, polarity, and related subjective phenomena. The overview clarifies the relevance of affect for linguistics and computational linguistics, summarizes useful background, outlines helpful resources, and highlights important considerations for computational modeling of affect in language and affect‐related linguistic behaviors. In addition, the article sketches unsettled debates, topics, problems, and areas in need of further exploration.
Prominence Hierarchies
Authors: Lockwood Hunter T. , Macaulay Monica 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper surveys the prominence hierarchy, a term which we use to refer to a ranking of person and other categories of reference for a variety of grammatical purposes. This kind of hierarchy has been referred to in the literature by various names, for example person hierarchy, empathy hierarchy, animacy hierarchy, indexability hierarchy, and so on. We exemplify the set of morphosyntactic phenomena accounted for by such hierarchies, and consider assumptions about how hierarchies are structured and how they work. We also discuss suggested motivations for the existence of the hierarchy, consider whether a universal statement of the prominence hierarchy can be made, and examine whether prominence hierarchies can be considered to be a typological universal. Finally, we discuss two examples of formal approaches to data described by prominence hierarchies.
Maximizing donor potential: Evolving organ procurement organization metrics and optimizing organ distribution and allocation in the United States
Authors: Washburn Kenneth 
Published: July 2012

Key Points
1. Comprehend the basis for liver allocation and distribution in the United States.
2. Understand potential solutions to organ inequalities in the United States.
3. Understand the metrics used to assess the performance of organ procurement organizations. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
Design and Photonic Properties of Novel Fluorinated Copolymers Bearing Phthalocyanine Side Groups
Authors: Tillet Guillaume , De Leonardis Piero , Alaaeddine Ali , Umeda Masashi , Mori Satoru , Shibata Norio , Aly Shawkat M. , Fortin Daniel , Harvey Pierre D. , Ameduri Bruno 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe design and characterization of amorphous alternating copolymers endowed with a satisfactory thermal stability are reported. These alternating poly(CTFE‐alt‐CEVE) copolymers are synthesized by radical copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) with 2‐chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE), which are first modified into poly[CTFE‐alt‐(2‐iodoethyl vinyl ether)] copolymers and then azidated in high yields. Alkynyl CF3‐containing phthalocyanines (Pcs) are then grafted via a copper‐catalyzed Huisgen dipolar 1,3‐addition (“grafting onto”), hence providing fluorinated copolymers with different degrees of grafting (from 10 to 72%) of Pc dangling groups. Electronic spectral (absorption, excitation, and fluorescence) and photophysical properties (fluorescence lifetimes, τF, and quantum yields, ΦF) are evaluated.
New Complex Crystals of Chiral Poly(L‐lactic acid) and Different Tactic Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Woo Eamor M. , Wang Yu‐Hsiang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBased on evidence from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, a new stereocomplex crystal (DSC Tm = 175 °C, with WAXD 2θ = 10.0° and 12.5°) is proven for the first time between structurally dissimilar chiral poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (sPMMA). There is a strong complexing capacity only between low molecular weight PLLA and sPMMA, in miscible state, at specific weight fractions (70:30). The complexing capacity is more significant when the mixtures are melt‐crystallized at Tc = 110 °C or lower, and the intensity of this complex can be further enhanced if it is annealed between 100 and 160 °C, below its Tm = 175 °C. The new complex crystal can be formed only between PLLA and sPMMA, but not with isotactic or atactic PMMA.
A Highly Efficient Self‐Assembly of Responsive C2‐Cyclohexane‐Derived Gelators
Authors: Feng Chuan‐Liang , Dou Xiaoqiu , Zhang Di , Schönherr Holger 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe rational design and synthesis of a family of effective low‐molecular‐weight gelators (LMWGs) with a modular architecture based on a C2‐1,4‐diamide cyclohexane core are reported. Due to the high symmetry, the gelators are initially well distributed in solution and no trapped aggregates are formed before the assembly is triggered. The subsequent self‐assembly process, which results in the formation of versatile gels, is highly efficient and can be triggered and tuned due to its remarkable dependence on the pH of solution. The assembly of different gelators is found to be closely related to the pKa of the corresponding functional substituents on the LMWGs. Primary cell culture experiments reveal that the hydrogels made under physiological conditions are promising as potential tailor‐made microenvironments.
Theory of Light‐Induced Deformation of Azobenzene Elastomers
Authors: Toshchevikov V.P. , Saphiannikova M. , Heinrich G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSummary: A microscopic theory is proposed to describe light‐induced deformation of photo‐sensitive elastomers bearing azobenzene chromophores in their strands. We use an orientation approach in which it is assumed that the light‐induced deformation is caused by reorientation of azobenzene chromophores with respect to the electric vector of the linearly polarized light, E, due to the trans‐cis‐trans photoisomerizaion process whose efficiency depends on the orientation of the chromophores with respect to the vector E. In the framework of the Gaussian approximation for elasticity of network strands it is shown that the value of the light‐induced deformation depends on the chemical structure of network strands, namely, on the orientation distribution of chromophores around the main chains which is related to the length and elasticity of spacers. Depending on the chemical structure, azobenzene elastomers can demonstrate expansion or uniaxial contraction along the vector E, as well as non‐monotonic deformation with increasing light intensity (expansion at small light intensities and contraction at high ones).
Modeling of Structure and Nonlinear Optical Activity of Epoxy‐Based Oligomers with Dendritic Multichromophore Fragments
Authors: Fominykh Olga D. , Balakina Marina Yu. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSummary:Epoxy‐based oligomers having length up to four units with dendritic chromophore‐containing fragments covalently attached through spacers to the bearing chain are studied. The structure of the oligomers was obtained in the course of conformational search by Monte‐Carlo method, the distribution of the torsion angles values in the dendritic fragment was examined by molecular dynamics. The nonlinear‐optical response of the studied oligomers and dendritic chromophore fragments was calculated by the TDHF method at AM1 level. Intradendron cross‐linking of chromophore groups is investigated, diphenylmethandiisocyanate used as hardening agent. Cross‐linking is shown to decrease the angles between the chromophores in the dendron, thus providing enhanced nonlinear‐optical characteristics of the oligomer. Stacking‐like arrangement of chromophore groups, observed in variety of oligomers, is investigated in the framework of topological analysis of electron charge density, and Van‐der‐Waals interactions are found to be responsible for the stacking effect.
A New Approach to the Determination of Adhesion Properties of Polymer Networks
Authors: Bogdanova Yulia G. , Dolzhikova Valentina D. , Karzov Ilya M. , Alentiev Alexander Yu. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSummary: A new approach for the determination and comparison of adhesion properties of polymer networks was proposed. One permits to optimize the choice of polymers for composite materials with inorganic fibers (at the absence of binder diffusion to the fiber). For the first time the works of adhesion of polymer to liquids simulating polar or non‐polar phases were used for prediction of adhesive properties of network (binder, coupling agent) and for the choice of network provided the best tensile strength of composite material. The correctness of proposed approach was experimentally proved by measuring of tensile strength micro plastics.