bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual ionotropic crosslinked biopolymer magnetic nanocomposites as 5‐Fluorouracil nanocarrier for potential colorectal cancer treatment
Authors: Chia Jing Jie , Ali Roshafima Rasit , Balasundram Vekes , Yusefi Mostafa , Teow Sin‐Yeang , Tarmizi Zatil Izzah Ahmad , Shameli Kamyar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to synthesize dual‐crosslinked chitosan‐alginate nanocomposites (Cs‐Alg/IO NCs) using green‐synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (IO, Fe3O4 NPs) for drug delivery application. The NCs, formed via ionotropic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) as crosslinking agents for Cs and Alg, respectively, and further characterized for physiochemical properties. The presence of Fe3O4 NPs and 5‐Fluorouracil (5FU) increased hydrodynamic size (153.12 ± 0.57 to 207.64 ± 3.59 nm). Morphological studies revealed NC agglomeration within nanoscales. 5FU‐loaded Cs‐Alg/IO NCs (Cs‐Alg/IO 5FU NCs) exhibited superparamagnetic behavior and sustained drug release under various pH conditions. Cytotoxicity assays on colon cancer cells (HCT116 and HT‐29) and normal colon cells (CCD‐112) indicated higher cancer cell selectivity (selectivity index, SI = 1.91) in 2D models. Elevated IC50 values in 3D models were linked to lower drug loading capacity (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE). Overall, the study highlights the potential of dual‐crosslinked biopolymer NCs with green‐synthesized Fe3O4 NPs for developing an anticancer drug delivery system in colorectal cancer treatment.Highlights
Synthesis of 5FU‐loaded dual crosslinked Cs‐Alg/IO NCs and Cs‐Alg IPN.
Physicochemical characterization of cross‐linked magnetic nanocarriers.
Investigation of sustained drug release using superparamagnetic nanocarriers.
Evaluation of selective cytotoxicity for Cs‐Alg/IO 5FU NCs.
Impact of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of guar gum hydrogel
Authors: Sharma Swati , Bhende Manisha , Verma Himanshu Ranjan , Mulwani Priyanshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the transformative impact of incorporating unmodified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (um‐MWCNTs) on properties of guar gum (GG)‐based hydrogel. The study focuses on the enhancement of thermal stability, mechanical strength, and electrical properties of hydrogel composite. Thermal analysis reveals a significant increase in residual weight remaining at 430°C from 3% to 10% with the addition of 0.2 wt% um‐MWCNTs to GG hydrogel. Viscoelastic properties of hydrogel composite investigated by rheology analysis observed that enhancements in storage modulus from 0.2 to 2.2 MPa indicative of enhanced structural integrity. Moreover, electrical conductivity exhibits a substantial increase with the addition of nanotubes, indicating the potential applicability of the composite in electronic and sensing applications. This research showcases the potential of GG/um‐MWCNT composites for diverse applications in biomedicine, sensors, and advanced materials.Highlights
Distribution of um‐MWCNTs into guar‐gum matrix to obtain maximum benefits.
Inclusion of um‐MWCNTs improves the rheological properties of GG/um‐MWCNTs composites.
Rheological properties can be tuned with um‐MWCNT content.
MWCNTs improved thermal stability of the GG hydrogel.
MWCNTs improved electrical conductivity of the GG hydrogel.
Dolomitic lime and silicate in no‐till: Nutritional status, soil fertility, and soybean agronomic performance
Authors: Cassim Bruno Maia Abdo Rahmen , Rodrigues André Oliveira , Besen Marcos Renan , Minato Evandro Antonio , Paschoeto Gabriel Ferrari , Lima Rodrigo Sakurada , Otto Rafael , Inoue Tadeu Takeyoshi , Batista Marcelo Augusto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLimestone is the most widely used agricultural input for soil acidity correction and calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) fertilization. However, other materials have the potential to fulfill these purposes, such as steel slags, also known as silicates. Silicates have higher solubility than limestone, serving as agents for increase pH in no‐till, in addition to being a source of Ca, Mg, and silicon (Si). This study aimed to compare the effects of surface application of dolomitic lime and calcium magnesium silicate on soil chemical properties, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] nutritional status, and grain yield under no‐till. The experiment was installed in the northwest Paraná State, Brazil, on a Rhodic Eutrustox. Lime and silicate rates were applied by broadcasting before the sowing of soybean. Silicate treatment increases soil Ca2+, pH, and base saturation up to a depth of 0.10 m. By contrast, liming effects on soil chemistry were restricted to the 0.05 m top layer after 24 months of application. The acidity correction and Ca2+ supply to greater soil depths and the increased leaf Si as a beneficial element provided by silicate treatment contributed to increasing soybean yield in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. Lime application, regardless of the rate, did not improve soybean yield. Waste from the steel industry can be used as acidity correctives and source of Si, Ca, and Mg, improving the agronomic performance of soybean.
Electronic Structure Engineering of Pt–Ni Alloy NPs by Coupling of Gold Single Atoms on N‐Doped Carbon for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Le Thanh Duc , Kim Dong‐Seog , Tran Tuong Van , Urupalli Bharagav , Shin Gi‐Seung , Oh Geun‐Jae , Yu Yeon‐Tae 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImproving the catalytic activity and durability of platinum‐based alloy catalysts remains a formidable challenge in the context of renewable energy electrolysis applications. Herein, a facile and rapid photochemical deposition strategy for the synthesis of gold single atoms (Au SAs) anchored on N‐doped carbon is presented. These Au SAs serve as a charge redistribution support for Pt–Ni alloy nanoparticles (PtNiNPs/AuSA‐NDC), creating an extended electron‐donating interface with Pt–Ni alloy sites. Consequently, the PtNiNPs/AuSA‐NDC hybrid catalyst manifests exceptional catalytic performance and durability in both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under acidic conditions. Specifically, in ORR, it exhibits a half‐wave potential (0.92 V vs RHE), with a mass activity 20.4 times superior to Pt/C at 0.9 V. In HER, PtNiNPs/AuSA‐NDC demonstrates a notably reduced overpotential of 19.1 mV vs RHE at 10 mA cm−2 and a mass activity 38 times higher than Pt/C (at 0.25 mV). Furthermore, this hybrid catalyst displays outstanding durability, with only an 8.0 mV decay observed for ORR and a 6.9 mV decay for HER after 10 000 cycles. Theoretical calculations provide insight into the mechanism, demonstrating that isolated Au sites effectively modulate the electronic structure of Pt–Ni alloy sites, facilitating intermediate adsorption and enhancing reaction kinetics.
Simultaneous Biofilm Disruption, Bacterial Killing, and Inflammation Elimination for Wound Treatment Using Silver Embellished Polydopamine Nanoplatform
Authors: Ding Meng , Zhang Yu , Li Xiaoye , Li Qiang , Xiu Weijun , He Ao , Dai Zhuo , Dong Heng , Shan Jingyang , Mou Yongbin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDue to the presence of spatial barriers, persistent bacteria, and excessive inflammation in bacteria biofilm‐infected wounds, current nanoplatforms cannot effectively address these issues simultaneously during the therapeutic process. Herein, a novel biomimetic photothermal nanoplatform integrating silver and polydopamine nanoparticles (Ag/PDAs) that can damage biofilms, kill bacterial persisters, and reduce inflammation for wound treatment is presented. These findings reveal that Ag/PDAs exhibit a broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity through direct damage to the bacterial membrane structure. Additionally, Ag/PDAs demonstrate a potent photothermal conversion efficiency. When combined with near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, Ag/PDAs effectively disrupt the spatial structure of biofilms and synergistically eradicate the resident bacteria. Furthermore, Ag/PDAs show remarkable anti‐inflammatory properties in counteracting bacterium‐induced macrophage polarization. The in vivo results confirm that the topical application of Ag/PDAs significantly suppress Staphylococcus aureus biofilm‐infected wounds in murine models, concurrently facilitating wound healing. This research provides a promising avenue for the eradication of bacterial biofilms and the treatment of biofilm‐infected wounds.
Volumetric Additive Manufacturing of SiOC by Xolography
Authors: Huang Kai , Franchin Giorgia , Colombo Paolo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) of ceramics has significantly contributed to advancements in ceramic fabrication, solving some of the difficulties of conventional ceramic processing and providing additional possibilities for the structure and function of components. However, defects induced by the layer‐by‐layer approach on which traditional AM techniques are based still constitute a challenge to address. This study presents the volumetric AM of a SiOC ceramic from a preceramic polymer using xolography, a linear volumetric AM process that allows to avoid the staircase effect typical of other vat photopolymerization techniques. Besides optimizing the trade‐off between preceramic polymer content and transmittance, a pore generator is introduced to create transient channels for gas release before decomposition of the organic constituents and moieties, resulting in crack‐free solid ceramic structures even at low ceramic yield. Formulation optimization alleviated sinking of printed parts during printing and prevented shape distortion. Complex solid and porous ceramic structures with a smooth surface and sharp features are fabricated under the optimized parameters. This work provides a new method for the AM of ceramics at µm/mm scale with high surface quality and large geometry variety in an efficient way, opening the possibility for applications in fields such as micromechanical systems and microelectronic components.
Integration of artificial intelligence with medical diagnostic sonography
Authors: Boman R. , Penkala S. , Chan R. H. M. , Joshua F. , Cheung R. T. H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRapid changes in artificial intelligence (AI) have already impacted the medical field. While the use of AI to assist medical diagnosis has been documented, AI is continually expanding within medical applications. AI applications in sonography and their effect on ultrasound examinations and sonographers are still indeterminate. Six papers were reviewed to investigate AI applications and effects within the sonography field. These papers provided results on a range of ultrasound applications including breast, obstetric, skin lesions, carotid, blood flow and cardiac ultrasound imaging when combined with AI. In this narrative review, the application of AI demonstrated that accuracy and speed of clinical diagnosis can be improved. These six aspects of ultrasound imaging combined with AI demonstrated the potential to assist the operator and clinicians with a diagnosis in various applications and settings. Additionally, AI can be beneficial to telehealth applications for rural and remote areas where healthcare access can be limited. These changes are opportunities to assist with medical care to provide benefits to patients, sonographers and clinicians as AI transitions to a positive integration within many aspects of clinical care.
Quantitative determination of lobeglitazone sulfate and glimepiride in combined tablet by robust high‐performance thin layer chromatographic method
Authors: Sen Ashim Kumar , Sarkar Tantul , Sen Dhanya B. , Maheshwari Rajesh A. , Zanwar Aarti S. , Dumpala Rajesh L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA combination of fixed dose tablet containing 0.5 mg lobeglitazone sulfate (LBZ) and 1 mg glimepiride (GLM) has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing glycemic control in diabetes. The projected work aimed to develop and validate a high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic (HPTLC) methodology for the precise quantification of both the drugs in tablet formulations. The HPTLC analysis utilized aluminium plates layered with silica gel 60F254, and the solvent system consisted of ethyl acetate, benzene, and hexane (4:3:1 v/v/v) followed by densitometric scanning at 238 nm. The Rf value was found to be 0.68 ± 0.001 for LBZ and 0.48 ± 0.002 for GLM. The methodology exhibited linearity in the range of 100–2000 ng/band for LBZ and 200–4000 ng/band for GLM, with correlation coefficients of 0.9988 and 0.9981, respectively. Exceptional sensitivity was observed, with detection limits of 23.86 ng/band for LBZ and 58.26 ng/band for GLM, along with quantification limits of 72.32 ng/band for LBZ and 176.55 ng/band for GLM. The method demonstrated precision (% relative standard deviation of peak area < 2) and accuracy (recovery between 97% and 102%). The suggested method is suitable for quantifying both the drugs in tablets, making it useful for routine quality control in laboratories.
Side‐chain symmetry‐breaking strategy on porphyrin donors enables high‐efficiency binary all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells
Authors: Zou Wentao , Zhang Xu , Shen Haojiang , Zhang Wenqing , Jiang Xinyue , Ni Liaohui , Shen Can , Geng Longlong , Hao Xiaotao , Yang Yingguo , Wang Xunchang , Yang Renqiang , Sun Yanna , Kan Yuanyuan , Gao Ke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSide‐chain symmetry‐breaking strategy plays an important role in developing photovoltaic materials for high‐efficiency all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells (ASM OSCs). However, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of ASM OSCs still lag behind their polymer‐based counterparts, which can be attributed to the difficulties in achieving favorable morphology. Herein, two asymmetric porphyrin‐based donors named DAPor‐DPP and DDPor‐DPP were synthesized, presenting stronger intermolecular interaction and closer molecular stacking compared to the symmetric ZnP‐TEH. The DAPor‐DPP:6TIC blend afforded a favorable morphology with nanoscale phase separation and more ordered molecular packing, thus achieving more efficient charge transportation and suppressed charge recombination. Consequently, the DAPor‐DPP:6TIC‐based device exhibited superior photovoltaic parameters, yielding a champion PCE of 16.62% higher than that of the DDPor‐DPP‐based device (14.96%). To our knowledge, 16.62% can be ranked as one of the highest PCE values among the binary ASM OSC filed. This work provides a prospective approach to address the challenge of ASM OSCs in improving film morphology and further achieving high efficiency via side‐chain symmetry‐breaking strategy, exhibiting great potential in constructing efficient ASM OSCs.
Multi‐response optimization of characteristics for graphite reinforced biodegradable PVA‐fumaric acid cross‐linked composite: A gray‐fuzzy logic‐based hybrid approach
Authors: Kafaltiya Saurabh , Agrawal Pawan Kumar , Sharma Pragya , Singh V. K. , Bhaskar Jitendra , Chauhan Sakshi , Verma Akarsh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the current investigation, enhancement in the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and decrement in the moisture absorption capabilities of polyvinyl alcohol was observed by cross‐linking it with different weight percentages (wt. %) of fumaric acid and reinforcing them along with sulfuric acid‐modified graphite particles. The effects of altering the cross‐linking duration and fumaric acid wt. % were investigated in the resulting composite using the Taguchi L16 experimental design method. As in this contemporary era of rapid industrial expansion and fierce competition, the primary goals of manufacturers revolve around the production of high‐quality goods at optimal costs within a specified timeframe. Therefore, to save both cost and time, the authors have utilized a technique known as “gray‐fuzzy optimization” to balance competing goals between mechanical (toughness, elongation and strength) and physical (water intake capacity) attributes. The present approach aimed to reduce the experimentation expenses and increase the effectiveness of composite manufacturing by considerably reducing the intricacy of practical multi‐response optimization issues. Response graphs and analysis of variance tests were also utilized to calculate the percentage contribution of the input variables and provide model significance.Highlights
Polyvinyl alcohol is cross‐linked with different weight percentages (wt. %) of fumaric acid, and reinforced them with sulfuric acid‐modified graphite particles.
Enhancement in mechanical properties, thermal stability, and decrease in moisture absorption capabilities were perceived for the fabricated composite.
Effects of altering the cross‐linking duration and fumaric acid wt. % were investigated in the resulting composite using the Taguchi L16 experimental design.
Gray‐fuzzy optimization technique was utilized to balance competing goals between water intake and mechanical attributes like toughness, elongation and strength.
Response graphs and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were also utilized to evaluate the percentage contribution of input variables and provide model significance.
NNLL resummation for projected three-point energy correlator
Authors: Chen Wen , Gao Jun , Li Yibei , Xu Zhen , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Zhu Hua Xing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The projected energy correlator measures the energy deposited in multiple detectors as a function of the largest angular distance xL = (1 − cos χL)/2 between detectors. The collinear limit xL → 0 of the projected energy correlator is particularly interesting for understanding the jet-substructures, while the large logarithms of xL could potentially spoil the perturbation theory and must be resummed. As a necessary ingredient for its resummation at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy, we calculate the two-loop jet functions for the projected three-point energy correlator (E3C), using direct integration method and the parameter space Integration-by-Part (IBP) method. We then present the NNLL resummation for e+e− annihilation and an approximate NNLL resummation for pp → jj process, where the two-loop hard constant is estimated in the latter case. The convergence is improved and the hadronization effect in the collinear limit is suppressed when considering the ratio of E3C distribution to two-point energy-energy correlator (EEC). Our results show potential in precision determination of strong coupling constant using energy correlators from both e+e− data and pp data.
Identifying topological structures with adjoint mode filtering
Authors: Bergner Georg , González-Arroyo Antonio , Soler Ivan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present new investigations on the Adjoint Filtering Method (AFM), a proposal for filtering gauge configurations by using adjoint zero modes. This method relies on the existence of the Supersymmetric Zero Mode (SZM), whose density follows the gauge action density for classical configurations. We review how a similar construction on the lattice is implemented based on the overlap operator and test the method against smooth configurations showing a remarkable agreement with the expected densities even when pairs of fractionals instanton/anti-instantons are present and noise is added. Then we explore the application of the method to Monte Carlo generated configurations based on SU(2) gauge group. The tuning of the parameters and quantitative results are explicitly shown for a T3 × R lattice. We show explicit examples comparing the AFM to the density obtained from the Gradient Flow. The agreement is remarkable for some specific configurations containing fractional instantons with the advantage that the AFM does not modify the underlying structures.
The two upper critical dimensions of the Ising and Potts models
Authors: Wiese Kay Jörg , Jacobsen Jesper Lykke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We derive the exact actions of the Q-state Potts model valid on any graph, first for the spin degrees of freedom, and second for the Fortuin-Kasteleyn clusters. In both cases the field is a traceless Q-component scalar field Φα. For the Ising model (Q = 2), the field theory for the spins has upper critical dimension $${d}_{{\text{c}}}^{{\text{spin}}}$$ = 4, whereas for the clusters it has $${d}_{{\text{c}}}^{{\text{cluster}}}$$ = 6. As a consequence, the probability for three points to be in the same cluster is not given by mean-field theory for d within 4 < d < 6. We estimate the associated universal structure constant as $$C=\sqrt{6-d}+\mathcal{O}{\left(6-d\right)}^{3/2}$$. This shows that some observables in the Ising model have an upper critical dimension of 4, while others have an upper critical dimension of 6. Combining perturbative results from the ϵ = 6 – d expansion with a non-perturbative treatment close to dimension d = 4 allows us to locate the shape of the critical domain of the Potts model in the whole (Q, d) plane.
Phases of Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons
Authors: Koutroulis Fotis , McCullough Matthew , Merchand Marco , Pokorski Stefan , Sakurai Kazuki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study the vacuum dynamics of pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons (pNGBs) for SO(N + 1) → SO(N) spontaneous and explicit symmetry breaking. We determine the magnitude of explicit symmetry breaking consistent with an EFT description of the effective potential at zero and finite temperatures. We expose and clarify novel additional vacuum transitions that can arise for generic pNGBs below the initial scale of SO(N + 1) → SO(N) spontaneous symmetry breaking, which may have phenomenological relevance. In this respect, two phenomenological scenarios are analyzed: thermal and supercooled dark sector pNGBs. In the thermal scenario the vacuum transition is first-order but very weak. For a supercooled dark sector we find that, depending on the sign of the explicit symmetry breaking, one can have a symmetry-restoring vacuum transition SO(N – 1) → SO(N) which can be strongly first-order, with a detectable stochastic gravitational wave background signal.
Magnons and spikes for $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 linear quivers and their non-Abelian T-duals
Authors: Roychowdhury Dibakar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We compute the spectra associated with various semiclassical string states that propagate over $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 Gaiotto-Maldacena backgrounds. As an interesting special case, for the Abelian T- dual solution, we discover giant magnon and single spike configurations while imposing appropriate boundary conditions. However, for Sfetsos-Thompson backgrounds, one has to adopt a different string embedding which reveals “modified” dispersion relations both for magnons and spikes. These results boil down into the standard dispersion relations in the limit when the rank of the associated SU(Nc) color gauge group becomes large enough. We further generalize our analysis in the presence of flavor D6 branes. Our analysis reveals a new set of dispersion relations, which shows that both magnons and spikes are ceased to exist in the presence of flavor excitations.
A (2+1)-dimensional domain wall at one-loop
Authors: Ogundipe Kehinde , Evslin Jarah , Zhang Baiyang , Guo Hengyuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We consider the domain wall in the (2+1)-dimensional ϕ4 double well model, created by extending the ϕ4 kink in an additional infinite direction. Classically, the tension is m3/3λ where λ is the coupling and m is the meson mass. At order O(λ0) all ultraviolet divergences can be removed by normal ordering, less trivial divergences arrive only at the next order. This allows us to easily quantize the domain wall, working at order O(λ0). We calculate the leading quantum correction to its tension as a two-dimensional integral over a function which is determined analytically. This integral is performed numerically, resulting in −0.0866m2. This correction has previously been computed twice in the literature, and the results of these two computations disagreed. Our result agrees with and so confirms that of Jaimunga, Semenoff and Zarembo. We also find, at this order, the excitation spectrum and a general expression for the one-loop tensions of domain walls in other scalar models.