bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief communication: Contributions of enamel‐dentine junction shape and enamel deposition to primate molar crown complexity
Authors: Skinner Matthew M. , Evans Alistair , Smith Tanya , Jernvall Jukka , Tafforeau Paul , Kupczik Kornelius , Olejniczak Anthony J. , Rosas Antonio , Radovčić Jakov , Thackeray J. Francis , Toussaint Michel , Hublin Jean‐Jacques 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMolar crown morphology varies among primates from relatively simple in some taxa to more complex in others, with such variability having both functional and taxonomic significance. In addition to the primary cusps, crown surface complexity derives from the presence of crests, cuspules, and crenulations. Developmentally, this complexity results from the deposition of an enamel cap over a basement membrane (the morphology of which is preserved as the enamel‐dentine junction, or EDJ, in fully formed teeth). However, the relative contribution of the enamel cap and the EDJ to molar crown complexity is poorly characterized. In this study we examine the complexity of the EDJ and enamel surface of a broad sample of primate (including fossil hominin) lower molars through the application of micro‐computed tomography and dental topographic analysis. Surface complexity of the EDJ and outer enamel surface (OES) is quantified by first mapping, and then summing, the total number of discrete surface orientation patches. We investigate the relative contribution of the EDJ and enamel cap to crown complexity by assessing the correlation in patch counts between the EDJ and OES within taxa and within individual teeth. We identify three patterns of EDJ/OES complexity which demonstrate that both crown patterning early in development and the subsequent deposition of the enamel cap contribute to overall crown complexity in primates. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are behavioral differences among wild chimpanzee communities genetic or cultural? An assessment using tool‐use data and phylogenetic methods
Authors: Lycett Stephen J. , Collard Mark , McGrew William C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOver the last 30 years it has become increasingly apparent that there are many behavioral differences among wild communities of Pan troglodytes. Some researchers argue these differences are a consequence of the behaviors being socially learned, and thus may be considered cultural. Others contend that the available evidence is too weak to discount the alternative possibility that the behaviors are genetically determined. Previous phylogenetic analyses of chimpanzee behavior have not supported the predictions of the genetic hypothesis. However, the results of these studies are potentially problematic because the behavioral sample employed did not include communities from central Africa. Here, we present the results of a study designed to address this shortcoming. We carried out cladistic analyses of presence/absence data pertaining to 19 tool‐use behaviors in 10 different P. troglodytes communities plus an outgroup (P. paniscus). Genetic data indicate that chimpanzee communities in West Africa are well differentiated from those in eastern and central Africa, while the latter are not reciprocally monophyletic. Thus, we predicted that if the genetic hypothesis is correct, the tool‐use data should mirror the genetic data in terms of structure. The three measures of phylogenetic structure we employed (the Retention Index, the bootstrap, and the Permutation Tail Probability Test) did not support the genetic hypothesis. They were all lower when all 10 communities were included than when the three western African communities are excluded. Hence, our study refutes the genetic hypothesis and provides further evidence that patterns of behavior in chimpanzees are the product of social learning and therefore meet the main condition for culture. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Similarities and distinctions in Y chromosome gene pool of Western Slavs
Authors: Woźniak Marcin , Malyarchuk Boris , Derenko Miroslava , Vanecek Tomas , Lazur Jan , Gomolcak Pavol , Grzybowski Tomasz 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAnalysis of Y chromosome Y‐STRs has proven to be a useful tool in the field of population genetics, especially in the case of closely related populations. We collected DNA samples from 169 males of Czech origin, 80 males of Slovakian origin, and 142 males dwelling Northern Poland. We performed Y‐STR analysis of 12 loci in the samples collected (PowerPlex Y system from Promega) and compared the Y chromosome haplotype frequencies between the populations investigated. Also, we used Y‐STR data available from the literature for comparison purposes. We observed significant differences between Y chromosome pools of Czechs and Slovaks compared to other Slavic and European populations. At the same time we were able to point to a specific group of Y‐STR haplotypes belonging to an R1a haplogroup that seems to be shared by Slavic populations dwelling in Central Europe. The observed Y chromosome diversity may be explained by taking into consideration archeological and historical data regarding early Slav migrations. Am J Phys Anthropol 142:540–548, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early Eurasian migration traces in the Tarim Basin revealed by mtDNA polymorphisms
Authors: Cui Yinqiu , Li Chunxiang , Gao Shizhu , Xie Chengzhi , Zhou Hui 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms of 58 samples from the Daheyan village located in the central Taklamakan Desert of the Tarim Basin were determined in this study. Among the 58 samples, 29 haplotypes belonging to 18 different haplogroups were analyzed. Almost all the mtDNAs belong to a subset of either the defined Western or Eastern Eurasian pool. Extensive Eastern Eurasian lineages exist in the Daheyan population in which Northern‐prevalent haplogroups present higher frequencies. In the limited existing Western Eurasian lineages, two sub‐haplogroups, U3 and X2, that are rare in Central Asia were found in this study, which may be indicative of the remnants of an early immigrant population from the Near East and Caucasus regions preserved only in the Tarim Basin. The presence of U3 in modern and archeological samples in the Tarim Basin suggests that the immigration took place earlier than 2,000 years ago and points to human continuity in this area, with at least one Western lineage originating from the Near East and Caucasus regions. Am J Phys Anthropol 142:558–564, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erythropoietin improves neurodevelopmental outcome of extremely preterm infants
Authors: Neubauer Achim‐Peter , Voss Wolfgang , Wachtendorf Michael , Jungmann Tanja 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveErythropoietin has been reported to possess neuroprotective properties in animal studies. No previous studies have investigated the neurodevelopmental outcome of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rEpo) and evaluated it at school age.MethodsOf 200 ELBW infants treated from 1993 to 1998, 171 (86%) survived, and 148 (87%) were followed up to the age of 10 to 13 years. The neurodevelopmental and school outcome of the ELBW infants receiving rEpo treatment for stimulation of erythropoiesis in the first weeks of life (n = 89) was compared to that of untreated children (n = 57). To test for a neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin therapy, analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted with erythropoietin treatment and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) as independent variables and Hamburg‐Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children‐III (HAWIK‐III) intelligence quotient (IQ) scores as dependent variables.ResultsThe rEpo group scored significantly better than untreated children in the overall developmental assessment (55% vs 39% normally developed, p < 0.05) as well as in the psychological examination (mean composite HAWIK‐III IQ score, 90.8 vs 81.3, p < 0.005). The results of ANOVAs show that these differences were ascribable to children with IVH. Whereas those children with IVH treated with rEpo scored significantly better than untreated children (52% vs 6% normally developed, composite HAWIK‐III IQ score, 90.3 vs 67.0), treated and untreated children without IVH did not differ in their outcome. The treatment and control groups were comparable in perinatal parameters relevant to prognosis.InterpretationThe results of our observational study confirm the hypothesis of a neuroprotective effect of rEpo in ELBW infants with IVH. This offers a promising preventative therapeutic option for the treatment of these high‐risk infants. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:657–666
Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with cysts without MLC1 defect
Authors: van der Knaap Marjo S. , Lai Vincent , Köhler Wolfgang , Salih Mustafa A. , Fonseca Maria‐José , Benke Tim A. , Wilson Callum , Jayakar Parul , Aine Marjo‐riitta , Dom Lina , Lynch Bryan , Kálmánchey Rozalia , Pietsch Peter , Errami Ab , Scheper Gert C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMegalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by early infantile macrocephaly and delayed motor and cognitive deterioration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows diffusely abnormal and swollen cerebral white matter and subcortical cysts. On follow‐up, atrophy ensues. Approximately 80% of MLC patients have mutations in MLC1. We report 16 MLC patients without MLC1 mutations. Eight retained the classical clinical and MRI phenotype. The other 8 showed major MRI improvement. They lacked motor decline. Five had normal intelligence; 3 displayed cognitive deficiency. In conclusion, 2 phenotypes can be distinguished among the non‐MLC1 mutated MLC patients: a classical and a benign phenotype. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:834–837
Randomized, controlled trial of insulin for acute poststroke hyperglycemia
Authors: McCormick Michael , Hadley Donald , McLean John R. , Macfarlane Jennifer A. , Condon Barrie , Muir Keith W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectivePoststroke hyperglycemia is common and is associated with increased risk of death and dependence, but appropriate management remains uncertain. Glucose potassium insulin (GKI) infusion did not benefit patients with moderate poststroke hyperglycemia in a recent trial. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), previous studies identified a relationship between recruitment of ischemic tissue to the final infarct and hyperglycemia, possibly mediated by brain lactic acidosis.MethodsWe undertook a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of GKI infusion in patients with blood glucose >126mg/dl (7mmol/l) within 24 hours of ischemic stroke. The primary endpoint was infarct growth on MRI between baseline and day 7. Brain lactate concentrations were measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy.ResultsForty patients were randomized, 15 to saline and 25 to GKI infusions of different durations. Capillary blood glucose concentrations were lowered significantly from 6 to 12 hours after GKI initiation. There was no significant difference on any measure of infarct growth between the GKI and saline groups. In a secondary analysis, GKI was associated with significantly greater infarct growth in patients with complete intracranial vessel occlusion compared with controls (p = 0.011 for group–vessel status interaction). Brain lactate levels increased in control subjects, but were significantly lower with GKI infusion. Predominantly asymptomatic hypoglycemia occurred in 76% of GKI‐treated subjects.InterpretationGKI infusion within 24 hours of stroke lowered blood glucose and attenuated an increase in brain lactate, but did not affect cerebral infarct growth. Exploratory analysis found that GKI infusion was associated with greater infarct growth in patients with persistent arterial occlusion, and with a high incidence of asymptomatic hypoglycemia. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:570–578
Halbsynthetische DNA‐Protein‐Konjugate für Biosensorik und Nanofabrikation
Authors: Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDurch Konjugation mit artifiziellen Nucleinsäuren lassen sich Proteine mit einem leicht herstellbaren, robusten Etikett versehen. Dieses Anhängsel ist durch hochspezifische, molekulare Erkennungsmechanismen wie die Watson‐Crick‐Basenpaarung selektiv adressierbar. Solche DNA‐Protein‐Konjugate mit kombinierten Eigenschaften haben vielfältige Verwendungsmöglichkeiten, z. B. in hochempfindlichen biomedizinischen Analyseverfahren, der Grundlagenforschung zur molekularen Erkennung oder dem Aufbau von DNA‐Nanostrukturen. Dieser Aufsatz fasst die aktuellen Methoden zur Synthese dieser Konjugate zusammen und präsentiert den aktuellen Stand ihrer Anwendungen. So wurden DNA‐Protein‐Konjugate zu Modellsystemen zusammengesetzt, die die Untersuchung von katalytischen Kaskadenreaktionen oder von Lichtsammelkomplexen ermöglichen. Außerdem finden diese Hybridkonjugate Verwendung bei der Biofunktionalisierung planarer Oberflächen bei Mikro‐ und Nanoarrays oder zur Funktionalisierung anorganischer Nanopartikel. Entsprechend finden sich mögliche Anwendungen im Bereich der Detektion, der Materialwissenschaften und der Katalyse.
Thermal properties and chemical changes in blend melt spinning of cellulose acetate butyrate and a novel cationic dyeable copolyester
Authors: Chen Bin , Zhong Leilan , Gu Lixia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA novel cationic dyeable copolyester (MCDP) containing purified terephthalate acid (PTA), ethylene glycol (EG), 2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol (MPD), and sodium‐5‐sulfo‐isophthalate (SIP) was synthesized via direct esterification method. The chemical structure of modified cationic dyeable polyester (MCPD) was confirmed by FTIR and 1H‐NMR. The thermal properties of MCDP and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) blends with different blend ratios were investigated by DSC. The results revealed that MCDP and CAB were immiscible polymer blends, and the glass transition temperature of CAB in blend fibers was higher than that of CAB in blend chips because of the strengthening hydrogen bonding. The chemical changes of MCDP and CAB in blend melt spinning were analyzed. It was found that the thermal hydrolysis reaction of ester side groups of CAB occurred in blend melt spinning, which resulted in that the acid gas was produced and the hydroxyl group content of CAB was increased. Furthermore, the moisture absorption of blend fibers was improved about three times than pure MCDP fiber even after washing 30 times. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Wheat gluten nanocomposite films as food‐contact materials: Migration tests and impact of a novel food stabilization technology (high pressure)
Authors: Mauricio‐Iglesias M. , Peyron S. , Guillard V. , Gontard N. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe aptitude of a novel biodegradable material [wheat gluten/montmorillonite (MMT)] to be used as a food‐contact material was assessed with a focus on mass transfer from the film into foodstuff (migration). Special attention was paid to the impact of high‐pressure treatments and subsequent storage. Several aspects were treated: the migration of a model molecule (Uvitex OB), MMT migration, protein migration, and overall migration. The results showed that overall migration and protein migration were high; on the contrary, MMT and Uvitex OB migration was low or not detectable. No difference was found between the high‐pressure‐treated samples and the control, except for the migration of MMT. Two solid simulants (agar gel and Tenax) were also tested to emphasize the need of new migration tests adapted to water‐sensitive materials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis of novel optically active pyrrolidine‐containing polyaniline: A new heterogeneous organo polymeric‐base catalyst for direct Aldol reaction
Authors: Saravanan C. , Palaniappan S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn optically active pyrrolidine containing polyaniline, poly‐(2‐anilinomethylpyrrolidine) (PANiMp) is synthesized for the first time. PANiMp material is synthesized by simple one‐pot synthetic route and is characterized by circular dichroism, NMR, FTIR, and electronic absoroption spectral techniques. This novel polyaniline base is evaluated as new heterogeneous organo polymeric‐base catalyst for direct Aldol reaction in water medium. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
S‐Allyl‐L‐Cysteine Sulfoxide Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Alpha Induced Monocyte Adhesion and Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecule‐1 Expression in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Hui Chai , Like Wo , Yan Fu , Tian Xie , Qiuyan Wang , Lifeng Huang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGarlic and its water‐soluble allyl sulfur‐containing compound, S‐Allyl‐L‐cysteine Sulfoxide (ACSO), have shown antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities, inhibiting the development of atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the mechanism(s) underlying the therapeutic effect of ACSO in inhibiting the formation of atherosclerostic lesion. This study aimed to investigate whether ACSO could modulate tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐induced expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1, monocyte adhesion and TNF‐α‐mediated signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. While TNF‐α promoted the intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 mRNA transcription in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, ACSO treatment significantly reduced the levels of TNF‐α‐induced intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 mRNA transcripts (P < 0.01). Furthermore, ACSO dramatically inhibited TNF‐α triggered adhesion of THP‐1 monocytes to endothelial cells and porcine coronary artery rings. Moreover, ACSO mitigated TNF‐α induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and overproduction of superoxide anion, associated with the inhibition of NOX4, a subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‐oxidase, mRNA transcription. In addition, ACSO also inhibited TNF‐α‐induced phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2 and IκB, but not p38. Apparently, ACSO inhibited proinflammatory cytokine‐induced adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells by inhibiting the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling and related intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 expression, maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppressing the overproduction of superoxide anion in endothelial cells. Therefore, our findings may provide new insights into ACSO on controlling TNF‐α‐mediated inflammation and vascular disease. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical Fetal Prostate Development is Associated with Ipsilateral Hypoplasia of the Wolffian Ducts in the ACI Rat
Authors: Hofkamp Luke E. , Bradley Sarahann , Geliebter Jan , Timms Barry G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFor over a half century, the ACI (August × Copenhagen) rat has been a primary model for studying renal agenesis and ipsilateral hypoplasia (IHP) of the Wolffian‐derived structures (WDS). Because the ACI rat is also used as a model for prostate research, it is important to examine the relationship of IHP and urogenital sinus (UGS) development. The prostate is dependent on androgens for proper growth and differentiation. Alteration in androgen production and/or delivery to the UGS has the potential to perturbate normal development. In this study, we investigate whether the ipsilateral loss of the WDS is associated with altered prostate development. Digital images of serial‐sectioned fetal ACI rat UGS were used to create three‐dimensional (3‐D) surface‐rendered models of the developing prostate, seminal vesicle, vas deferens, and utricle on gestational day 21. The number and volume of prostate ducts developing from the UGS were calculated from the 3‐D model data. Animals exhibiting IHP had a significant decrease in total fetal prostate volume (40%; P < 0.005) with significant regional specific differences when compared with normal male ACI rats. Anatomical and histological differences in the utricle, abnormal histology of the ipsilateral testes, and a truncation of the ipsilateral Wolffian ductal mesenchyme were also seen in the animals with IHP. Additional research is needed to further understand the mechanisms and consequences of IHP on prostate growth and development. Alterations to normal prenatal development of the male accessory sex organs can have important consequences for the growth and morphology of the adult gland. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photoreceptor Development in Premetamorphic and Metamorphic Xenopus laevis
Authors: Parker Ryan O. , Mccarragher Brent , Crouch Rosalie , Darden Alix G 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTransgenic Xenopus laevis are commonly used to study gene expression in photoreceptors, but only red rods and red cones are known to exist in the pre‐metamorphic stages commonly used in transgenic studies. Using RT‐PCR, this study shows that violet cones develop in early pre‐metamorphic stages (Stage 35) with the red rods and red cones. Green rod development began in Stage 53 with the onset of metamorphosis. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Maternal Protein Restriction During Pregnancy and Lactation on the Number of Cardiomyocytes in the Postproliferative Weanling Rat Heart
Authors: Lim Kyungjoon , Zimanyi Monika A. , Black M. Jane 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMaternal protein restriction leads to a reduction in the number of cardiomyocytes in the rat heart at birth. However, in rats, cardiomyocytes continue to proliferate until about 2 weeks after birth. Hence, this study aimed to examine the effect of maternal protein restriction, on the number of cardiomyocytes in the young rat heart at a time point when the cardiomyocytes have ceased proliferating and are terminally differentiated. Female Wistar Kyoto rats were fed either a normal protein diet (NPD; 20% casein) or a low protein diet (LPD; 8.7% casein) during pregnancy and lactation. Offspring (seven males and seven females per group) were perfusion fixed at 4 weeks of age. Heart volume and total cardiomyocyte number were determined using stereological techniques. At 4 weeks of age, body weights in both male and female LPD offspring were significantly reduced compared with NPD controls whereas relative heart volumes were significantly increased in LPD offspring. Total number of cardiomyocytes was not significantly different between groups. In both groups, there was a significant linear correlation between cardiomyocyte number and heart volume. In conclusion, total cardiomyocyte number in the postproliferative rat heart does not appear to be affected by maternal protein restriction per se but is directly related to heart size. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An investigation of passenger interchange and train standing time at LRT stations: (ii) Estimation of standing time
Authors: Wirasinghe S. C. , Szplett D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe standing‐time of trains at urban rail stations is pertinent to determining the line capacity and fleet size. The assumption of uniform boarding and alighting leads to under‐estimation of the standing time. It is shown that the train standing‐time is related to the fraction of boarders and the maximum demand for boarding and alighting at a door. It is further shown that the probability distribution of passengers at a door depends on the platform entrance locations. A methodology that takes into account the above factors is proposed for estimating the train standing‐time.