bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The miR-17-92 Cluster of MicroRNAs Confers Tumorigenicity by Inhibiting Oncogene-Induced Senescence
Authors: Hong Lixin , Lai Maoyi , Chen Michelle , Xie Changchuan , Liao Rong , Kang Young Jun , Xiao Changchun , Hu Wen-Yuan , Han Jiahuai , Sun Peiqing 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
In mammalian cells, activation of oncogenes usually triggers innate tumor-suppressing defense mechanisms, including apoptosis and senescence, which are compromised by additional mutations before cancers are developed. The miR-17-92 gene cluster, a polycistron encoding six microRNAs (miRNA), is frequently overexpressed in human cancers and has been shown to promote several aspects of oncogenic transformation, including evasion of apoptosis. In the current study, we show a new role of miR-17-92 in inhibiting oncogenic ras-induced senescence. Further dissection of the miRNA components in this cluster reveals that the miR-17/20a seed family accounts for this antisenescence activity. miR-17 and miR-20a are both necessary and sufficient for conferring resistance to ras-induced senescence by directly targeting p21WAF1, a key effector of senescence. By contrast, these components are not essential for the ability of miR-17-92 to evade Myc-induced apoptosis. Moreover, disruption of senescence by miR-17-92 or its miR-17/20a components leads to enhanced oncogenic transformation by activated ras in primary human cells. Taken together with previous reports that miR-17-92 inhibits apoptosis by suppressing Pten via the miR-19 components, our results indicate that this miRNA cluster promotes tumorigenesis by antagonizing both tumor-suppressing mechanisms, apoptosis, and senescence, through the activities of different miRNA components encoded in this cluster. Cancer Res; 70(21); 8547–57. ©2010 AACR.
Transcriptional Activation by pRB and Its Coordination with SWI/SNF Recruitment
Authors: Flowers Stephen , Beck George R. , Moran Elizabeth 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA central question in cancer biology is why most tumor susceptibility genes are linked with only limited types of cancer. Human germ-line mutation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene Rb1 is closely linked with just retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma, although the gene is universally expressed. Functional analysis of pRB and its close relatives, p107 and p130, has largely focused on their roles in repression of proliferation across all tissue types, but genetic evidence indicates an active requirement for pRB in osteoblast differentiation that correlates more directly with osteosarcoma susceptibility. Still, potential promoter targets of pRB and its role in normally differentiating osteoblasts remain insufficiently characterized. Here, an early marker of osteoblast differentiation, alkaline phosphatase, is identified as a direct promoter activation target of pRB. One role of pRB on this promoter is to displace the histone lysine demethylase KDM5A, thereby favoring trimethylation of H3K4, a promoter activation mark. A major new aspect of pRB-mediated transcriptional activation revealed in this promoter analysis is its role in recruitment of an activating SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. SWI/SNF is a critical coordinator of tissue-specific gene expression. In osteoblasts, SWI/SNF complexes containing the BRM ATPase repress osteoblast-specific genes to maintain the precursor state, whereas the alternative ATPase BRG1 distinguishes an activating SWI/SNF complex necessary for RNA polymerase-II recruitment. A switch from BRM to BRG1 on the alkaline phosphatase promoter marks the onset of differentiation and is accomplished in a precise two-step mechanism. Dissociation of BRM-containing SWI/SNF depends on p300, and association of BRG1-containing SWI/SNF depends on pRB. Cancer Res; 70(21); 8282–7. ©2010 AACR.
Exercise Training in Older Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Kitzman Dalane W. , Brubaker Peter H. , Morgan Timothy M. , Stewart Kathryn P. , Little William C. 
Published: September 2010

Background—
Heart failure (HF) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFPEF) is the most common form of HF in the older population. Exercise intolerance is the primary chronic symptom in patients with HFPEF and is a strong determinant of their reduced quality of life (QOL). Exercise training (ET) improves exercise intolerance and QOL in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (EF). However, the effect of ET in HFPEF has not been examined in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods and Results—

This 16-week investigation was a randomized, attention-controlled, single-blind study of medically supervised ET (3 days per week) on exercise intolerance and QOL in 53 elderly patients (mean age, 70±6 years; range, 60 to 82 years; women, 46) with isolated HFPEF (EF ≥50% and no significant coronary, valvular, or pulmonary disease). Attention controls received biweekly follow-up telephone calls. Forty-six patients completed the study (24 ET, 22 controls). Attendance at exercise sessions in the ET group was excellent (88%; range, 64% to 100%). There were no trial-related adverse events. The primary outcome of peak exercise oxygen uptake increased significantly in the ET group compared to the control group (13.8±2.5 to 16.1±2.6 mL/kg per minute [change, 2.3±2.2 mL/kg per minute] versus 12.8±2.6 to 12.5±3.4 mL/kg per minute [change, −0.3±2.1 mL/kg per minute];
P
=0.0002). There were significant improvements in peak power output, exercise time, 6-minute walk distance, and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (all
P
<0.002). There was improvement in the physical QOL score (
P
=0.03) but not in the total score (
P
=0.11).

Conclusions—
ET improves peak and submaximal exercise capacity in older patients with HFPEF.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01113840.
Coronary Branch Steal
Authors: Gould K. Lance , Kirkeeide Richard , Johnson Nils P. 
Published: September 2010

Background—
Fluid dynamic analysis predicts a new concept in coronary physiology that we call “branch steal,” whereby stenosis proximal and distal to arterial branching interact with the nonstenotic branch between stenosis that shunts or “steals” flow away from the distal stenotic artery during reactive hyperemia, tested experimentally.

Methods and Results—

In 21 large hounds under surgical anesthesia, proximal and distal left circumflex and obtuse marginal coronary arteries were instrumented with electromagnetic flowmeters, proximal and distal machined Teflon screw-down stenosers with round concentric closing and distal silk-in-tubing sleeve occluders. Baseline reactive hyperemia was recorded after 15-second occlusions of both arteries at baseline and for progressive distal stenosis during each step of progressive proximal stenosis. At each combination of stenosis, a coronary arteriogram was obtained using left Judkins catheters and Philips cine calibrated with modulated transfer function to ±0.1 mm accuracy for fluid dynamic analysis of arterial stenosis-branching anatomy. In 324 experiments of parent-child stenosis combinations of the left circumflex artery with an intervening obtuse marginal branch, coronary flow reserve (CFR) calculated by the fluid dynamic model accounting for stenosis-branch interactions and “branch steal” correlated with CFR directly measured by flowmeter (linear regression, CFRartgm=0.18+0.7×CFRflowmtr with Pearson
r
=0.73). Quantitative arteriography and positron emission tomography perfusion imaging confirmed the concept in clinical examples.

Conclusions—
Functional severity of anatomically fixed stenosis is not constant, specific, or independent of other stenosis in branching coronary arteries but requires analysis as an integrated component of the entire branching coronary artery tree to guide revascularizations.
The Fragrance of Her Perfume
Authors: Kurek-Chomycz Dominika A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe limited number of olfactory images in the NT has tempted interpreters to read them all along similar lines, without paying sufficient attention to individual contexts. Another tendency, especially with regard to the account of the anointing in Bethany in the Fourth Gospel, has been to concentrate on the question of its historicity and its relationship to the Synoptic parallels, while neglecting one of the important characteristics of John’s version, namely its heightened attention to the sensory aspect and its implications for the portrayal of Mary of Bethany in the FG. In this essay I discuss the specific features of the Fourth Evangelist’s adaptation of the anointing story, highlighting the sensory elements and pointing out that they are an important, albeit often neglected, indication of the Johannine redaction.
Psychiatric and somatic health in relation to experience of parental divorce in childhood
Authors: Ängarne-Lindberg Teresia , Wadsby Marie 
Published: September 2010

Background: The outcome of studies about the experience of parental divorce and its effects on mental and physical health differs, a result possibly caused by the use of different questionnaires and instruments, varying length of time since the divorce and divergent drop-out of participants. Aims: To study the presence of psychiatric records and number of diagnosed somatic and mental healthcare visits in a group of young adults with childhood experience of parental divorce in comparison to a group without this experience. Methods: The presence of records at public psychiatric clinics and 10 years of administrative healthcare data (somatic and mental) were checked for both groups. Results: Significantly more persons from the divorce group appeared in child and adolescent psychiatric care; this was most pronounced in females. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in the number of persons seeking adult psychiatry or in the number of psychiatric consultations. Experience of parental divorce was not found to be an indicator of larger somatic health problems. Conclusion: Experience of parental divorce in childhood is not an indicator of adult psychiatric or somatic need of care.
Satisfaction with inpatient treatment for first-episode psychosis among different ethnic groups: A report from the UK ÆSOP study
Authors: Boydell Jane , Morgan Craig , Dutta Rina , Jones Barry , Alemseged Fana , Dazzan Paola , Morgan Kevin , Doody Gillian , Harrison Glynn , Leff Julian , Jones Peter , Murray Robin , Fearon Paul 
Published: September 2010

Background: There is concern about the level of satisfaction with mental healthcare among minority ethnic patients in the UK, particularly as black patients have more compulsory admissions to hospital. Aims: To determine and compare levels of satisfaction with mental healthcare between patients from different ethnic groups in a three-centre study of first-onset psychosis. Method: Data were collected from 216 patients with first-episode psychosis and 101 caregivers from South London, Nottingham and Bristol, using the Acute Services Study Questionnaire (Patient and Relative Version) and measures of sociodemographic variables and insight. Results: No differences were found between ethnic groups in most domains of satisfaction tested individually, including items relating to treatment by ward staff and number of domains rated as satisfactory. However, logistic regression modelling (adjusting for age, gender, social class, diagnostic category and compulsion) showed that black Caribbean patients did not believe that they were receiving the right treatment and were less satisfied with medication than white patients. Black African patients were less satisfied with non-pharmacological treatments than white patients. These findings were not explained by lack of insight or compulsory treatment. Conclusions: The study found that black patients were less satisfied with specific aspects of treatment, particularly medication, but were equally satisfied with nursing and social care. Understanding the reasons behind this may improve the acceptability of psychiatric care to black minority ethnic groups.
Organ culture of the trigeminal ganglion induces enhanced expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide via activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2
Authors: Tajti János , Kuris Anikó , Vécsei László , Xu Cang-Bao , Edvinsson Lars 
Published: September 2010

Background and objective: Clinical and experimental studies have revealed a central role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in primary headaches. The role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in neuronal and glial cell expression of CGRP- immunoreactivity (-ir) in rat trigeminal ganglia was studied with an organ culture method. Experimental procedures: Sections of adult rat trigeminal ganglia were cultured for up to 48 hours, examined with immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Specific antibodies against CGRP, phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2), total ERK1/2 (tERK1/2), phosphorylated p38 (pp38), phosphorylated C-Jun-N-terminal protein kinase (pJNK), pro-calcitonin (pro-CT), CGRP receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), glutamine synthetase (GS) and pro-CT were used. To explore molecular mechanisms involved in the organ culture–induced CGRP-ir in neurons and glial cells, the effects of the MEK/ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126, its inactive analogue U0124, the p38 inhibitor SB203580 and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 were studied. Results: In fresh ganglia, small- and medium-sized neurons were CGRP-ir while some larger neurons displayed RAMP1-ir. Glial cells were negative to both. After organ culture, neurons showed enhanced CGRP- and RAMP1-ir. In addition, some glial cells were RAMP1- and CGRP-ir. Isolated glial cells and neurons were found to contain CGRP mRNA, and showed pro-CT-ir, suggestive of local formation of CGRP. Neurons and glial cells showed enhanced pERK1/2-ir already after two hours of organ culture and this remained elevated for 48 hours. There was transient pJNK-ir in neurons at two hours, while pp38-ir was not altered. U0126 reduced the enhanced pERK1/2-ir, while U0124 had no such effect; the CGRP-ir in neurons and glial cells was reduced at 48 hours and in parallel the CGRP mRNA expression was lower at 24 hours. Conclusion: We suggest that in conditions of elevated CGRP expression, inhibition of ERK1/2 might be an option for novel treatment.
New daily persistent headache and panic disorder
Authors: Peres Mario FP , Lucchetti Giancarlo , Mercante Juliane PP , Young William B 
Published: September 2010

Background: New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a primary chronic daily headache that is generally considered to be difficult to treat. Migraine has been linked to comorbid psychiatric conditions, mainly mood and anxiety disorders, but NDPH has never been linked to psychiatric conditions, and never studied extensively for such an association. Case: We report nine cases (six women and three men) of patients diagnosed with NDPH and panic disorder who were treated for both conditions. Six of them (66%) had good or excellent responses. Conclusion: The spectrum of anxiety disorders, particularly panic disorder, should be considered in NDPH patients. Simultaneous treatment of both disorders may lead to good outcomes.
Water, Health, and the Commodification Debate
Authors: Bond Patrick 
Published: September 2010

Conflicts in the water sector are now well-known, and also increasingly researched by economists, particularly in relation to major ideological differences over state-run versus privatized municipal systems. A major dividing line is over how to access and sustain the financing required to expand and maintain municipal grids. In the context especially of third world urban processes, a crucial determinant is whether market-based pricing of water can generate health benefits to justify new capital investments. Such benefits have typically required strong public systems that offer adequate water supply (with sufficient proximity to source) at an affordable price. A variety of financial and fiscal pressures emerged since the 1980s, leaving full cost recovery as the core practice required by international aid agencies, multilateral financiers, and multinational corporations. Those firms were attracted by high potential profits which, ultimately, could not be realized (in part because of currency deterioration and profit repatriation problems), and hence systems were not maintained or expanded, and health benefits not realized. As commodification of water spread during the era of globalization, so too did an international civil society network demanding—and often winning— decommodification of water and deglobalization of water-capital, returning service delivery to local public institutions, often on grounds of improved public health. JEL classification:D63, H44, L95, Q25
A Tendency for the Rate of Profit to Fall? From Primitive to Flexible Accumulation in Sweden 1800-2005
Authors: Edvinsson Rodney 
Published: September 2010

Using Swedish historical national accounts, this paper shows that, up to the 1970s, there has been a secular rise in the national capital/output ratio and a secular fall in the rate of exploitation, which tended to depress the profit rate. In Sweden, the nominal capital/output ratio increased fastest during the transition from primitive to accelerated accumulation in the 19th century. Since the 1970s, these secular trends have been reversed, which is connected to flexible accumulation that slims down the inventory stock to a minimum and destroys old consensus between capital and labor. JEL classification:B51, E11, N13, N14
Probing the nanoscale architecture of clay minerals
Authors: Johnston C. T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn recent years, experimental and theoretical methods have provided new insights into the size, shape, reactivity, and stability of clay minerals. Although diverse and complex, the surface chemistry of all clay minerals is defined spatially on a common scale of nanometres. This review is organized around the nanoscale architecture of clay minerals examined at several different length scales. The first, and perhaps most important, is the length scale associated with Hbonding in clay minerals. Hbonding interactions define the size and shape of 1:1 phyllosilicates and dominate the surface chemistry of many clay minerals. Structural and surface OHgroups contained within and on the surface of clay minerals provide a type of ‘molecular reporter group’ and are sensitive to subtle changes in their local environment. Examples of OH-reporter group studies in clay minerals, and the spatial scales at which they provide diagnostic information, are examined. The second length scale considered here is that associated with clay–water and clay–organic interactions. Inorganic and organic solutes can be used to explore the surface chemistry of clay minerals. Similar to the use of reporter groups, molecular probes have diagnostic properties that are sensitive to changes in their molecular environment. Clay–water interactions occur at a length scale that extends from the size of the H2O molecule (~0.3 nm) to the larger scales associated with clay-swelling (>10 nm). Similarly, clay–organic interactions are also defined, in part, on the basis of their molecular size, in addition to the type of chemical bonding interactions that take place between the organic solute and the clay surface. Examples illustrating the use of clay–water and clay–organic solute interactions as molecular probes are presented. The largest scale to be considered is that of the particles themselves, with scales that approach micrometres. Recent developments in the synthesis and characterization of ultrathin hybrid films of clay minerals provide complementary information about the nature and distribution of active sites on clay minerals, as well as providing new opportunities to exploit the surface chemistry of clay minerals in the design of functional materials.
Geochemical and mineralogical characterization of the Jabal Al-Harad kaolin deposit, southern Jordan, for its possible utilization
Authors: Gougazeh M. , Buhl J.-Ch. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractKaolin is found in deposits of economic concentration in the Jabal Al-Harad/ Batn El-Ghoul area in southern Jordan. Ten representative kaolin samples were collected from the area and investigated for their mineralogical and chemical composition. Mineral characterization was carried using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray fluorescence (XRF) studies were conducted to determine the chemical composition of the kaolin deposits. Kaolinite was the predominant mineral, followed by quartz, with traces of illite-muscovite, Fe-bearing minerals (hematite), anatase and feldspar. The average chemical composition of the kaolin samples was 58.02 wt.% SiO2, 28.00% Al2O3, 1.48% Fe2O3, 1.26% TiO2and 0.41% K2O (ignited basis). Dehydroxylation and mullitization temperatures (from DTA) were close to the theoretical values. Hexagonal booklets and stacks of kaolinite, as well as individual platelets, were present in the Jabal Al-Harad kaolin. Based on granulometric and descriptive mineralogical analyses, the mineral assemblages and kaolinite morphology, the Jabal Al-Harad kaolin deposit is thought to have originated from greatly weathered surfaces related to the Precambrian basement rocks. The kaolin was found to be suitable for manufacturing of common bricks, medium-fired bricks and sanitary ware, although a beneficiation process would be required; it could also be used in the refractory, white cement, paper and advanced ceramic industries.
Mineralogical characteristics and related surface charge fluctuations of some selected soils of temperate regions of northern Iran
Authors: Mahboob Sharami S. , Forghani A. , Akbarzadeh A. , Ramezanpour H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe majority of investigations of soil electrical characteristics are concerned with tropical and subtropical regions and hence there is little information about soils from other regions. The present study attempts to discover the most important constituents affecting soil electrical charge characteristics in a temperate zone. The study area is located on southern coastal zones of the Caspian Sea in northern Iran (Guilan province). The soil moisture and temperature regimes of the region determined by means of Newhall software were udic and thermic, respectively. Six representative pedons developed on granite, andesite, basalt, phyllite and limestone as their parent rocks are described and their physicochemical, mineralogical and electrical properties studied. The results indicate that the point of zero charge (PZC) values are small in all samples and smaller at the surface than in subsurface horizons. There is a positive correlation betweenpH0(PZC) values, organic carbon percentage and crystalline Fe (Fed) content. The points of zero net charge (ZPNC) values are <2.5 in all the pedons studied, which refers to large amounts of negative charge in these soils. The results also show that the differences in negative charge development in a pH range from 2.5 to 6 were largest for horizons rich in organic C and least for those with significant amounts of layer silicate minerals. Therefore, the most important variable charge component in all of the soils studied is organic matter which controls the negative charge at the soil surface. The permanent charge (бp) of the soils studied is also large and negative, which agrees with the amount of clay and the mineralogy of these soils.