bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of glutathione‐deficient embryos in Arabidopsis is influenced by the maternal level of glutathione
Authors: Lim B. , Meyer A. J. , Cobbett C. S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGlutathione (GSH) biosynthesis‐deficient gsh1 and gsh2 null mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana have late embryonic‐lethal and early seedling‐lethal phenotypes, respectively, when segregating from a phenotypically wild‐type parent plant, indicating that GSH is required for seed maturation and during germination. In this study, we show that gsh2 embryos generated in a partially GSH‐deficient parent plant, homozygous for either the cad2 mutation in the GSH1 gene or homozygous for mutations in CLT1, CLT2 and CLT3 encoding plastid thiol transporters, abort early in embryogenesis. In contrast, individuals homozygous for the same combinations of mutations but segregating from heterozygous, phenotypically wild‐type parents exhibit the parental gsh2 seedling‐lethal phenotype. Similarly, homozygous gsh1 embryos generated in a gsh1/cad2 partially GSH‐deficient parent plant abort early in development. These observations indicate that the development of gsh1 and gsh2 embryos to a late stage is dependent on the level of GSH in the maternal plant.
Veery wheats carry an allele of Vrn‐A1 that has implications for freezing tolerance in winter wheats
Authors: Eagles Howard A. , Cane Karen , Trevaskis Ben 
Published: April 2011

With 1 figure and 5 tables AbstractTwo winter alleles of Vrn‐A1 were recently found in wheat cultivars adapted to the Great Plains of the USA. Using a diagnostic marker for a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 4, which distinguishes the alleles, the allele in the Great Plains cultivar ‘Jagger’ was common in Australian and CIMMYT cultivars, but ‘Veery’ cultivars carried the alternate allele from their Russian ancestor, which was the same as the allele in the Great Plains cultivar ‘Wichita’. The ‘Wichita’ allele was in North American winter cultivars, and chromosome substitution lines with a high level of tolerance to freezing, but not in substitution lines with a lower level of tolerance. The SNP between the alleles alters the predicted Vrn‐A1 protein sequence, and this potentially explains differences in freezing tolerance. We suggest that these winter alleles could be coded as Vrn‐A1v for the ‘Jagger’ allele and Vrn‐A1w for the ‘Wichita’ allele. Cultivars with the spring Vrn‐A1a or Vrn‐A1b alleles carried the same SNP allele as ‘Jagger’, suggesting that the mutation from winter to spring for these alleles occurred in a Vrn‐A1v genotype.
The Association of the Presence of Seminal Plasma and Its Components with Sperm Longevity in Fractionated Stallion Ejaculates
Authors: Kareskoski M , Sankari S , Johannisson A , Kindahl H. , Andersson M. , Katila T 
Published: April 2011

ContentsSemen jets in the stallion’s ejaculate differ in both the biochemical composition of seminal plasma (SP) and in sperm concentration, forming sperm‐rich fractions (HIGH) and sperm‐poor fractions (LOW). This study examined (i) the association of the levels of selected components of SP [alkaline phosphatase (AP), acid phosphatase (ACP), Na+, Cl‐, K+, Ca, Mg and prostaglandin E2] with semen quality, sperm longevity and fertility; (ii) the effects of the presence of SP on sperm survival during cooled storage; (iii) the differences in the composition of SP between sperm‐rich and sperm‐poor ejaculatory fractions; (iv) the differences between these fractions in the effects of SP on sperm longevity. The levels of AP, ACP and Na+ were higher in HIGH compared with LOW, whereas higher concentrations of Ca, K+ and Mg were found in LOW than in HIGH. None of the measured components were correlated to the first cycle pregnancy rate. The presence of SP during cooled storage caused DNA degradation, but total and progressive sperm motility was not affected. Sperm‐rich fractions stored with low levels of SP maintained higher level of DNA integrity compared with sperm‐rich fractions in higher levels of SP, or sperm‐poor fractions irrespective of the proportion of SP. The concentration of K+ in LOW may give some indication on the maintenance of total sperm motility during cooled storage.
A Huge Ovarian Cyst in a Hysterectomized Bitch
Authors: Sontas BH , Milani C , Romagnoli S , Bertolini G , Caldin M , Caliari D , Zappulli V , Mollo A 
Published: April 2011

ContentsA 11‐year‐old, spayed, female mixed breed‐dog was presented with an abdominal mass that was detected 1 month ago. Upon abdominal palpation a large, firm, oval shaped, movable mass was found in the mid‐abdominal region. Survey radiograph of the abdomen demonstrated an oval soft tissue dense mass located on the right side of the abdominal cavity. A large, heteregenous and cystic mass with solid components occupying the majority of the abdomen and a small, cystic mass with solid components caudal to the left kidney were identified by transabdominal ultrasonography. Computed tomography scans revealed bilateral ovarian masses, and a small volume of retroperitoneal fluid on the right side. A cystic, but otherwise solid mass located in the right ovary and small retained left ovary encapsulated in the ovarian bursa were excised surgically by midline laparotomy. Histopathological examination of the excised mass from the right side revealed a large cystic structure consistent with an ovarian cyst and multiple corpora lutea and follicles at different maturational stages were detected in the left ovary. The precise origin of the ovarian cyst could not be determined by morphological appearance. Immunohistochemical staining suggested a cyst of surface epithelial origin. At re‐examination 6 months after the surgery, the bitch appeared healthy and the clinical findings were all normal. To our knowledge, the cyst described here is the largest reported in an incompletely ovariohysterectomized bitch.
Sperm Membrane Functionality in the Dog Assessed by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Cheuquemán C , Bravo P , Treulén F , Giojalas LC , Villegas J , Sánchez R , Risopatrón J 
Published: April 2011

ContentsThe objective assessment of sperm function increases the chances of predicting the fertilizing capacity of a fresh semen sample or diagnosing infertility problems. In this study, the available flow cytometry technique was used to determine the membrane functional capacity of canine spermatozoa. The second fractions of ejaculates from six dogs were pooled, and samples (n = 26) processed to determine the variables: sperm viability and plasma membrane integrity by Sybr‐14/Pi staining; phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation by Annexin‐V‐FITC/PI labelling; acrosome membrane integrity by FITC‐conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin/PI labelling; and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) by staining with JC‐1. Means for the 26 examined samples indicated that 82.66 ± 2.8% of the viable spermatozoa showed an intact plasma membrane, 8.4 ± 2.6% were moribund, 72.7 ± 16% had an intact acrosome, 80.9 ± 17% had high ΔΨm and 8.1 ± 11% had PS translocation with a PS translocation index of 2.1 ± 3%. Motility was only correlated with PS translocation (R = 0.3901; p = 0.0488), and acrosome membrane integrity was correlated with PS translocation (R = −0.5816; p = 0.0018). This study provides objective physiological data on the functional capacity of canine spermatozoa.
Chronic use of indinavir in albino rat pregnancy (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Rodentia, Mammalia): Biological assay
Authors: Quintino Marisa Pascale , Nakamura Mary Uchiyama , de Jesus Simões Manuel , Araujo Júnior Edward , de Oliveira Filho Ricardo Martins , Torloni Maria Regina , Espiridião Silvia , Kulay Júnior Luiz 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAim:  Assess possible adverse effects of the chronic use of indinavir during pregnancy in a rat model.Methods:  40 pregnant EOM‐1 albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups of 10 animals each: a control (Ctr) group (without any handling) and three experimental groups (Exp 1, Exp 2 e Exp 3) which received indinavir 9, 27 e 81 mg/kg, respectively). Rats were treated by gavage once daily. The treatment period extended from day 0 until the 20th day of pregnancy. Body weights were recorded on days 0, 7, 14 and 20. At term, the rats were sacrificed, and the implantation sites, number of live and dead fetuses and placentas, resorptions, fetal and placental weights were recorded. The fetuses were evaluated for external abnormalities under a stereomicroscope.Results:  Weight gain during pregnancy did not differ significantly between the groups. Average weight gains between the 7th and 20th day were 7.95–42.70 g; 7.22–45.27 g; 7.12–46.26 g and 8.05–42.29 g in groups Ctr, Exp 1, Exp 2 and Exp 3, respectively. All other parameters assessed did not differ significantly between groups.Conclusions:  Chronic use of various dosages of indinavir during pregnancy was not associated significant adverse outcomes.
Correlation between immunocytochemistry of human papilloma virus L1 capsid protein and behavior of low‐grade cervical cytology in Korean women
Authors: Lee Sung Jong , Lee Ah Won , Kim Tae Jung , Kim Jin Hwi , Bae Jeong Hoon , Lee Chung Won , Song Min Jong , Yoon Joo Hee , Hur Soo Young , Park Jong Sup 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in Korean women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) in relation to the immunocytochemical detection of the HPV L1 capsid protein.Material and Methods:  From January 2006 to December 2007, a total of 353 immunocytochemistry tests were performed on specimens from HPV‐infected patients with LSIL. Due to exclusions, the study population was reduced to 318. Subjects were monitored at 4–6 month intervals. The regression, persistence, and progression of the cytologic abnormalities of the 318 cases were compared with the results of HPV L1 capsid protein immunocytochemical detection.Results:  Of the 137 patients negative for the HPV L1 capsid protein, 38 (27.7%) showed progression to high‐grade lesions, 50 (36.5%) showed persistence, and 49 (35.8%) showed regression to normal cytological features. In contrast, of the remaining 181 patients positive for the HPV L1 capsid protein, 15 (8.3%) showed progression to high‐grade lesions, 74 (40.9%) showed persistence, and 92 (50.8%) showed regression. The results of immunocytochemical testing for the HPV L1 capsid protein show a linear association with the progression or regression behavior of low‐grade cervical cytology in patients infected with HPV (linear by linear association test, P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Immunocytochemical detection of HPV L1 was significantly related with the biological patterns of LSIL in Korean women. Hence, immunocytochemistry for the detection of HPV L1 is beneficial in providing further information for LSIL.
Minimum alveolar concentrations of sevoflurane for maintaining bispectral index below 50 in children
Authors: Tsuruta Shouhei , Satsumae Tsuyoshi , Mizutani Taro , Inomata Shinichi , Shimizu Takeru , Takahashi Shinji , Tanaka Makoto 
Published: April 2011

SummaryObjective:  To determine minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane for maintaining bispectral index (BIS) below 50 (MACBIS50) in children.Background:  MACBIS50 of sevoflurane in adults was reported to be 0.97%, which has not been elucidated in children.Methods/Materials:  Twenty children, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II, aged 1–8, were induced and anesthetized with sevoflurane in oxygen. After tracheal intubation, we started maintenance of anesthesia with endtidal sevoflurane concentrations of 2.6%. The endtidal sevoflurane concentration at which BIS was measured was predetermined by the up‐down method (with 0.2% as a step size). After 10 min at predetermined endtidal sevoflurane concentrations, BIS was measured for 1 min. MACBIS50 was determined using Dixon’s up‐down method and probit test.Result:  MACBIS50 of sevoflurane was 2.83% (95% confidence intervals: 2.70–3.14) in children.Conclusions:  MACBIS50 of sevoflurane in children was calculated to be three times as high as in adults. This indicates that high endtidal sevoflurane concentration is required to suppress electroencephalogram activity in children.
Postoperative adverse respiratory events in preschool patients with inhaled foreign bodies: an analysis of 505 cases
Authors: Zhang Xu , Li Wenxian , Chen Yinzi 
Published: April 2011

SummaryObjectives:  To identify the risk factors associated with postoperative adverse respiratory events in preschool‐aged children with inhaled foreign bodies (FBs) undergoing rigid bronchoscopy.Background:  Foreign bodies aspiration is the most common cause of admission in pediatric emergency in otolaryngology service. Performance of rigid bronchoscopy is the standard treatment for removal of FBs in children. In some cases, severe respiratory events (complete laryngospasm and pneumothorax) may cause anesthesia‐related morbidity and mortality. However, the association between patient‐related factors and postoperative complications in preschool‐aged children with inhaled FBs undergoing rigid bronchoscopy is unclear.Methods:  We carried out a large prospective, single‐institution review of anesthesia for 505 American Society of Anesthesiologists I–III preschool children aged ≤7 with inhaled FBs undergoing rigid bronchoscopy. Patients with postoperative adverse respiratory events were classified into two groups: the minor events group [hemorrhage, minor desaturation, and partial laryngospasm (wheezing, stridor, and dyspnea)) and the major events group (complete laryngospasm, including major desaturation, and pneumothorax).Results:  The incidence of postoperative adverse respiratory events was 9.5% in preschool‐aged children with inhaled FBs undergoing rigid bronchoscopy. Preoperative respiratory impairment was associated with an increased risk for the complicate (P < 0.01). Pneumothorax occurred in 4 (0.8%) patients. There was 1 (0.2%) death from severe respiratory‐related complications.Conclusions:  Preoperative respiratory impairment may develop the patients with FBs into postoperative adverse respiratory events.
Generalized Helicoids for Modeling Hair Geometry
Authors: Piuze Emmanuel , Kry Paul G. , Siddiqi Kaleem 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn computer graphics, modeling the geometry of hair and hair‐like patterns such as grass and fur remains a significant challenge. Hair strands can exist in an extensive variety of arrangements and the choice of an appropriate representation for tasks such as hair synthesis, fitting, editing, or reconstruction from samples, is non‐trivial. To support such applications we present a novel mathematical representation of hair based on a class of minimal surfaces called generalized helicoids. This representation allows us to characterize the geometry of a single hair strand, as well as of those in its vicinity, by three intuitive curvature parameters and an elevation angle. We introduce algorithms for fitting piecewise generalized helicoids to unparameterized hair strands, and for interpolating hair between these fits. We showcase several applications of this representation including the synthesis of different hair geometries, wisp generation, hair interpolation from samples and hair‐style parametrization and reconstruction from real hair data.
Combinatorial Bidirectional Path‐Tracing for Efficient Hybrid CPU/GPU Rendering
Authors: Pajot Anthony , Barthe Loïc , Paulin Mathias , Poulin Pierre 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a reformulation of bidirectional path‐tracing that adequately divides the algorithm into processes efficiently executed in parallel on both the CPU and the GPU. We thus benefit from high‐level optimization techniques such as double buffering, batch processing, and asyncronous execution, as well as from the exploitation of most of the CPU, GPU, and memory bus capabilities. Our approach, while avoiding pure GPU implementation limitations (such as limited complexity of shaders, light or camera models, and processed scene data sets), is more than ten times faster than standard bidirectional path‐tracing implementations, leading to performance suitable for production‐oriented rendering engines.
Procedural Modeling of Interconnected Structures
Authors: Krecklau Lars , Kobbelt Leif 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe complexity and detail of geometric scenes that are used in today's computer animated films and interactive games have reached a level where the manual creation by traditional 3D modeling tools has become infeasible. This is why procedural modeling concepts have been developed which generate highly complex 3D models by automatically executing a set of formal construction rules. Well‐known examples are variants of L‐systems which describe the bottom‐up growth process of plants and shape grammars which define architectural buildings by decomposing blocks in a top‐down fashion. However, none of these approaches allows for the easy generation of interconnected structures such as bridges or roller coasters where a functional interaction between rigid and deformable parts of an object is needed. Our approach mainly relies on the top‐down decomposition principle of shape grammars to create an arbitrarily complex but well structured layout. During this process, potential attaching points are collected in containers which represent the set of candidates to establish interconnections. Our grammar then uses either abstract connection patterns or geometric queries to determine elements in those containers that are to be connected. The two different types of connections that our system supports are rigid object chains and deformable beams. The former type is constructed by inverse kinematics, the latter by spline interpolation. We demonstrate the descriptive power of our grammar by example models of bridges, roller coasters, and wall‐mounted catenaries.
Discovery of Intrinsic Primitives on Triangle Meshes
Authors: Solomon Justin , Ben‐Chen Mirela , Butscher Adrian , Guibas Leonidas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe discovery of meaningful parts of a shape is required for many geometry processing applications, such as parameterization, shape correspondence, and animation. It is natural to consider primitives such as spheres, cylinders and cones as the building blocks of shapes, and thus to discover parts by fitting such primitives to a given surface. This approach, however, will break down if primitive parts have undergone almost‐isometric deformations, as is the case, for example, for articulated human models. We suggest that parts can be discovered instead by finding intrinsic primitives, which we define as parts that posses an approximate intrinsic symmetry. We employ the recently‐developed method of computing discrete approximate Killing vector fields (AKVFs) to discover intrinsic primitives by investigating the relationship between the AKVFs of a composite object and the AKVFs of its parts. We show how to leverage this relationship with a standard clustering method to extract k intrinsic primitives and remaining asymmetric parts of a shape for a given k. We demonstrate the value of this approach for identifying the prominent symmetry generators of the parts of a given shape. Additionally, we show how our method can be modified slightly to segment an entire surface without marking asymmetric connecting regions and compare this approach to state‐of‐the‐art methods using the Princeton Segmentation Benchmark.
Global Structure Optimization of Quadrilateral Meshes
Authors: Bommes David , Lempfer Timm , Kobbelt Leif 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe introduce a fully automatic algorithm which optimizes the high‐level structure of a given quadrilateral mesh to achieve a coarser quadrangular base complex. Such a topological optimization is highly desirable, since state‐of‐the‐art quadrangulation techniques lead to meshes which have an appropriate singularity distribution and an anisotropic element alignment, but usually they are still far away from the high‐level structure which is typical for carefully designed meshes manually created by specialists and used e.g. in animation or simulation. In this paper we show that the quality of the high‐level structure is negatively affected by helical configurations within the quadrilateral mesh. Consequently we present an algorithm which detects helices and is able to remove most of them by applying a novel grid preserving simplification operator (GP‐operator) which is guaranteed to maintain an all‐quadrilateral mesh. Additionally it preserves the given singularity distribution and in particular does not introduce new singularities. For each helix we construct a directed graph in which cycles through the start vertex encode operations to remove the corresponding helix. Therefore a simple graph search algorithm can be performed iteratively to remove as many helices as possible and thus improve the high‐level structure in a greedy fashion. We demonstrate the usefulness of our automatic structure optimization technique by showing several examples with varying complexity.
Scalable Remote Rendering with Depth and Motion‐flow Augmented Streaming
Authors: Paja̧k Dawid , Herzog Robert , Eisemann Elmar , Myszkowski Karol , Seidel Hans‐Peter 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on efficient compression and streaming of frames rendered from a dynamic 3D model. Remote rendering and on‐the‐fly streaming become increasingly attractive for interactive applications. Data is kept confidential and only images are sent to the client. Even if the client's hardware resources are modest, the user can interact with state‐of‐the‐art rendering applications executed on the server. Our solution focuses on augmented video information, e.g., by depth, which is key to increase robustness with respect to data loss, image reconstruction, and is an important feature for stereo vision and other client‐side applications. Two major challenges arise in such a setup. First, the server workload has to be controlled to support many clients, second the data transfer needs to be efficient. Consequently, our contributions are twofold. First, we reduce the server‐based computations by making use of sparse sampling and temporal consistency to avoid expensive pixel evaluations. Second, our data‐transfer solution takes limited bandwidths into account, is robust to information loss, and compression and decompression are efficient enough to support real‐time interaction. Our key insight is to tailor our method explicitly for rendered 3D content and shift some computations on client GPUs, to better balance the server/client workload. Our framework is progressive, scalable, and allows us to stream augmented high‐resolution (e.g., HD‐ready) frames with small bandwidth on standard hardware.
Langevin Particle: A Self‐Adaptive Lagrangian Primitive for Flow Simulation Enhancement
Authors: Chen Fan , Zhao Ye , Yuan Zhi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe develop a new Lagrangian primitive, named Langevin particle, to incorporate turbulent flow details in fluid simulation. A group of the particles are distributed inside the simulation domain based on a turbulence energy model with turbulence viscosity. A particle in particular moves obeying the generalized Langevin equation, a well known stochastic differential equation that describes the particle's motion as a random Markov process. The resultant particle trajectory shows self‐adapted fluctuation in accordance to the turbulence energy, while following the global flow dynamics. We then feed back Langevin forces to the simulation based on the stochastic trajectory, which drive the flow with necessary turbulence. The new hybrid flow simulation method features nonrestricted particle evolution requiring minimal extra manipulation after initiation. The flow turbulence is easily controlled and the total computational overhead of enhancement is minimal based on typical fluid solvers.