bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation and critical processes identification for production of herbal preparations using 1H‐NMR and chemometrics: A case study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium injection
Authors: Yang Jiayu , Lu Yuting , Dong Ying , Ding Jinguo , Li Wenzhu , Shi Yingting , Xie Xinyuan , Pan Jianyang , Qu Haibin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionHerbal preparations are extensively utilised for the treatment of diseases in Asian countries. However, the variations in origin, climate, and production processes can lead to inconsistencies in the quality of herbal preparations. Existing quality control methods only target a few components in the finished product but ignore the control in the pharmaceutical process. Therefore, this study intends to develop a comprehensive component analysis method for intermediates in the pharmaceutical process to reveal the change patterns of substances and deepen the process understanding.ObjectiveThis study aims to develop a rapid and comprehensive process characterisation and critical process identification method for herbal preparations.MethodsSix batches of Trichosanthis Pericarpium injection (TPI) intermediates were collected from the production process. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectra were acquired for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the se intermediates. Subsequently, chemometrics were used to identify critical processes and potential chemical markers.ResultsA total of 39 components in intermediates were identified, and the transfer of 25 components during the production process was investigated. Column chromatography was determined as the critical process. Nine components were identified as chemical markers.ConclusionThe application of 1H‐NMR facilitated a comprehensive reflection of the chemical composition information of process intermediates, enabling investigations into the transfer of multi‐component substances and accurate identification of critical processes and chemical markers.
Predicting teachers’ sense of efficacy: A multimodal analysis integrating SEM, deep learning, and ANN
Authors: Arpaci Ibrahim , Karataş Kasım , Gün Feyza , Süer Sedef 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the predictive role of cultural intelligence, motivation to teach, and “culturally responsive classroom management self‐efficacy” (CRCMSE) in teachers’ sense of efficacy. The study utilized a combination of “structural equation modeling” (SEM), deep learning, and “artificial neural network” (ANN) to analyze data collected from 1061 preservice teachers. The SEM analysis indicated that cultural intelligence, motivation to teach, and CRCMSE significantly predicted the sense of efficacy of the teacher candidates, accounting for 59% of the variance. Additionally, the ANN model accurately predicted the teachers’ sense of efficacy with 75.71% and 75.17% accuracy for training and testing, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed that CRCMSE played the most crucial role in predicting the preservice teachers’ sense of efficacy. The deep learning model also predicted the sense of efficacy with an overall accuracy of 74.18%. The utilization of a multimodal analysis approach facilitated the identification of both linear and nonlinear relationships between the constructs.
Does growth mindset benefit negative mental health among middle school students: The role of psychological resilience and gender
Authors: Lei Weina , Hu Weiping , Guo Hongxia , Dai David Yun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe mental health problems have been increasingly threatening the development of adolescence in China, it is very necessary to explore the protective factors preventing adolescents' negative mental health. Previous studies suggested that growth mindset benefits mental health. However, the internal psychological mechanism underlying this relationship is still unclear. This study investigated the relation between growth mindset and negative mental health among Chinese adolescence, and simultaneously tested the mediating effect of psychological resilience and the moderating role of gender in the mediation process of this relation. A total of 1204 middle school students (624 male students and 580 female students) in China completed measures on growth mindset, psychological resilience, and negative mental health. The results revealed that growth mindset not only directly predicted negative mental health, but also indirectly predicted negative mental health through the mediating path of psychological resilience. Moreover, the mediating effect of psychological resilience in the relationship between growth mindset and negative mental health was moderated for females and not males. These findings indicated that intervention focus on growth mindset could improve psychological resilience and prevent negative mental health among middle school students.
Primary care barriers and facilitators to nonpharmacologic treatments for low back pain: A qualitative pilot study
Authors: Roseen Eric J. , Joyce Christopher , Winbush Sophie , Pavco‐Luttschwager Natalie , Morone Natalia E. , Saper Robert B. , Bartels Stephen , Patel Kushang V. , Keysor Julie J. , Bean Jonathan F. , Laird Lance D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundClinical practice guidelines encourage primary care providers (PCPs) to recommend nonpharmacologic treatment as first‐line therapy for low back pain (LBP). However, the determinants of nonpharmacologic treatment use for LBP in primary care remain unclear, particularly in low‐income settings.ObjectiveTo pilot a framework‐informed interview guide and codebook to explore determinants of nonpharmacologic treatment use in primary care.MethodsIn this qualitative interview study, we enrolled PCPs and community health workers (CHWs) from four primary care clinics at a safety net hospital. A semistructured interview guide informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided inquiry on barriers/facilitators to nonpharmacologic treatments for LBP (eg, acupuncture, chiropractic care, physical therapy). We included questions on whether current CHW roles may address barriers to nonpharmacologic treatment use. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and independently coded by four investigators. An a priori codebook composed of CFIR determinants and known CHW roles guided deductive content analysis to identify major themes.ResultsEight individuals (six PCPs, two CHWs; age range: 32–51 years, five female) participated in hour‐long interviews. Half had worked at the hospital for ≥15 years and all reported seeing patients with LBP (range: 2–20 patients per week). All participants identified the following CFIR factors as barriers/facilitators: nonpharmacologic treatment characteristics (perceived cost, relative advantage compared to other treatments); outer setting (patient needs/resources, limited connections with community‐based nonpharmacologic treatment) and PCP characteristics (attitudes/beliefs about nonpharmacologic treatments). Although participants indicated several CHW roles could be adapted to address barriers (eg, care coordination, resource linking, case management), other roles seemed less feasible (eg, targeted health education) in our health care system.ConclusionsPreliminary insight on key determinants of nonpharmacologic treatments for LBP should be further examined in large multisite studies. Future studies may also determine whether a CHW‐led strategy can improve nonpharmacologic treatment access and clinical outcomes in primary care.
Nitrogen fixation and H2O2 production by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet operated in He–H20–N2–O2 gas mixtures
Authors: Schüttler Steffen , Kaufmann Jannis , Golda Judith 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAtmospheric pressure plasmas are widely used for nitrogen fixation processes to produce ammonia NH3 or nitrogen oxides NOx, including, for example, nitrite NO2− or nitrate NO3−. Small‐scale atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) can provide the production of these species on demand at the site of consumption. The species of interest are generated by the plasma and can be dissolved in liquids, for example, to use them. In this work, liquid treatments were performed by an APPJ operated in a He––– gas composition to investigate the influence of the gas composition on the production of hydrogen peroxide , and . A validation of two diagnostics showed that the spectrophotometric approach using ammonium metavanadate was interfered by other species when was added to the system. Thus, electrochemical sensing of was performed. The concentrations of and were measured by commercially available test kits based on the o‐phythalaldehyde method and the Griess reagent, respectively. At low admixtures, the dominant species was with a maximum concentration of 0.9 mM, while became dominant at admixtures of 0.5% and higher with concentrations of up to 1.5 mM. was also present in the system and could be measured at low concentrations of less than 0.2 mM in the liquid. By varying the treatment distance and the gas flow rate, insights into the transport phenomena of the species and their dissolution into the liquid could be gained. Low‐frequency pulsing of the radio frequency (RF) jet led to an accumulating effect on , a reduced production of and a switch from ‐dominated production to ‐dominated production.
Genomic, climatic, and cultural diversity of maize landraces from the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan
Authors: Tamang Asta , Macharia Mercy Wairimu , Caproni Leonardo , Miculan Mara , Mager Svenja , Ahmed Jemal Seid , Yangzome Tashi , Pe Mario Enrico , Dell'Acqua Matteo 
Published: May 2024

Societal Impact StatementBhutan is an ancient kingdom in the Himalayan range and one of the most rugged, geodiverse, and mountainous agricultural countries in the world. Historically secluded and geographically isolated, Bhutan is a hotspot for Himalayan agrobiodiversity where small‐scale agriculture supports the livelihoods of a large share of the resident population. Here, Bhutanese maize agrobiodiversity is explored to unlock its adaptation potential using genomics and participatory variety selection in combination with climate research. We show that Bhutanese traditional farmers maintain a wealth of diversity that may support the sustainable intensification of maize cropping in the Himalayas and beyond.Summary

Bhutan, an ancient kingdom enshrouded in the Himalayas, hosts largely untapped agrobiodiversity that may harness genetic variation useful for adaptation to local climates and user needs.
Here, we genotyped‐by‐sequencing 351 pooled samples of local maize (Zea mays L.) landraces, the entire collection of the Bhutan National Gene Bank, comparing their genomic diversity with maize from other countries in the Himalayan range. We reconstructed the adaptation of Bhutanese maize to historical and projected climates, identifying areas of future maladaptation. We then run a common garden experiment involving local smallholder farmers in a participatory evaluation of landraces' performance, aiming at the identification of quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) contributing to adaptation, performance, and farmers' choice.
We found that Bhutanese maize agrobiodiversity is unique in the Himalayan range, and a locus on Chromosome 5 supports the differentiation of three distinct genetic clusters. We found that a portion of current genomic diversity can be associated with the Bhutanese landscape and that maize cultivation in the southwest of the country may be negatively impacted by projected climates. We also found that Bhutanese maize agrobiodiversity is large and may contribute to adaptation and improvement. A genome‐wide association study identified 117 QTNs for climatic adaptation, agronomic performance, and farmers' preferences.
Our results show that Bhutanese maize landraces are a unique source of genetic agrobiodiversity for local adaptation. We found that the integration of genomics, climate science, and participatory methods can speed up the identification of genetic factors contributing to the sustainable intensification of maize cultivation in the Himalayas and beyond.
Validation of the Spanish version of the Pediatric Asthma Severity Score (PASS) in a population of Hispanic children
Authors: Chaparro‐Reyes Camila Alejandra , Fajardo‐Quevedo Laura del Carmen , Restrepo‐Gualteros Sonia M. , Sossa‐Briceño Monica P. , Rodríguez‐Martínez Carlos E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Pediatric Asthma Severity Score (PASS) is one of the most‐used clinical scoring systems for assessing the severity of asthma exacerbations in children. The aim of the present study was to validate a Spanish version of the PASS in a population of Hispanic children with asthma exacerbations living in urban Bogota, Colombia.MethodsIn a prospective cohort and a validation study, parents/caregivers of children between 2 and 18 years old attended in the emergency department (ED) with asthma exacerbations who were admitted to the inpatient unit were invited to participate in the study. During the hospitalization period, we gathered the necessary data for assessing the criterion validity (comparing its score with the Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure [PRAM]), construct validity, interrater reliability, responsiveness, and internal consistency of the Col‐PASS, the Colombian version of the PASS.ResultsAt baseline, the scores of the Col‐PASS correlated positively with the scores of the PRAM score (ρ = 0.588, p < .001). The baseline Col‐PASS scores in patients who required admission to a more complex service were significantly higher than those in patients who presented clinical improvement (1.0 (0.0–2.0) vs. 0.0 (0.0–0.0), p < .001). The interrater reliability was found to be κ = 0.897, 95% CI 0.699–1.000, p < .001. Cronbach's α was .701 for the questionnaire as a whole.ConclusionThe Col‐PASS has excellent construct validity, adequate criterion validity, interrater reliability, responsiveness; and acceptable internal consistency when used in children between 2 and 18 years old with asthma exacerbations.
Alexithymia in primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Çağlar Hanife Tuğçe , Pekcan Sevgi , Erden Semih , Ünal Gökçen , Yılmaz Aslı İmran , Ercan Fatih , Savaş Suat , Ayman Fatma Nur , İstanbullu Hasan Arif 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveRecent evidence suggests that alexithymic deficits in emotional processing may also affect physical health, and alexithymia may also be associated with organic disorders. The emotional well‐being of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is often negatively affected by uncertainty about the prognosis, lack of ongoing medical care, and lack of symptom control. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of alexithymia and its possible impact on the management of childhood PCD.Materials and MethodsSubjects were recruited from patients with PCD and healthy volunteers aged 8–18 years. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics and self‐report scales. Data were compared between patient and control groups.ResultsIn the >14 years of age group, the total Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS‐20) score was significantly higher in the patients (56.60 ± 13.01) compared to the control group (46.47 ± 7.50) (p = .007). There were 6 (30) patients with a TAS‐20 score ≥61. There was a significant correlation between TAS‐20 and Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) score (child), but no correlation between TAS‐20 and Kovacs Children Depression Inventory (CDI) and PedsQL score (parents). The TAS‐20 score was significantly higher in patients with bronchiectasis (p = .035), nasal polyps (p = .045), and siblings with PCD (p = .001). Furthermore, the TAS‐20 score had a significant negative correlation with pulmonary function tests.ConclusionAlthough this study is based on limited data from a single center and cannot be generalized to all PCD patient communities, our results show that PCD patients are more likely to have alexithymia compared to healthy controls and highlight the need to evaluate for alexithymia in patients with PCD. It is important for pediatric pulmonologists to have a thorough knowledge of the alexithymic features associated with PCD and to refer patients to pediatric psychiatry when necessary, especially in patients who are noncompliant with treatment protocols.
Recommendation of mavacamten posology by model‐based analyses in adults with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Merali Samira , Salinger David H. , Palmisano Maria , Sehnert Amy J. , Thanneer Neelima , Back Hyunmoon , Seroogy Julie D. , Gretler Daniel D. , Roy Amit , Perera Vidya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMavacamten is the first cardiac myosin inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of adults with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The phase III EXPLORER‐HCM (NCT03470545) study used a dose‐titration scheme based on mavacamten exposure and echocardiographic assessment of Valsalva left ventricular outflow tract gradient (VLVOTg) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Using population pharmacokinetic/exposure‐response modeling and simulations of virtual patients, this in silico study evaluated alternative dose‐titration regimens for mavacamten, including regimens that were guided by echocardiographic measures only. Mavacamten exposure‐response models for VLVOTg (efficacy) and LVEF (safety) were developed using patient data from five clinical studies and characterized using nonlinear mixed‐effects models. Simulations of five echocardiography‐guided regimens were performed in virtual cohorts constructed based on either expected or equal population distributions of cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) metabolizer phenotypes. Each regimen aimed to maximize the proportions of patients who achieved a VLVOTg below 30 mm Hg while maintaining LVEF above 50% over 40 weeks and 104 weeks, respectively. The exposure‐response models successfully characterized mavacamten efficacy and safety parameters. Overall, the simulated regimen with the optimal benefit–risk profile across CYP2C19 phenotypes had steps for down‐titration at weeks 4 and 8 (for VLVOTg <20 mm Hg), and up‐titration at week 12 (for VLVOTg ≥30 mm Hg and LVEF ≥55%), and every 12 weeks thereafter. This simulation‐optimized regimen is recommended in the mavacamten US prescribing information.
Pomegranate polyphenol punicalin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‐induced memory impairment, behavioral disorders, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation via inhibition of TLR4‐NF‐кB pathway
Authors: Chen Peng , Guo Zhilei , Lei Jiexin , Wang Yulai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeuroinflammation may play an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced neuroinflammation causes memory impairments and behavioral disorders. We investigated the potential preventive effects of punicalin (PUN), a polyphenolic component of pomegranate, on LPS‐induced memory deficiency and anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors, along with the underlying mechanisms. LPS‐treated cultured microglial BV2 cells and BV2 cell/Neuro‐2a (N2a) cell coculture system were investigated for anti‐neuroinflammatory effects of PUN in vitro. The in vivo experiments involved mice administered a 4‐week course of oral gavage with 1500 mg/kg/d PUN before intraperitoneal LPS (250 mg/kg daily 7 times) injections. The in vitro results demonstrated that PUN inhibited the LPS‐induced inflammatory cytokine (IL‐18, IL‐1β, TNF‐ɑ, and IL‐6) production in BV2 cells and protected N2a cells from synaptic damage mediated by BV2 microglia‐induced neuroinflammation. In in vivo studies, it was observed that PUN improved memory impairment and anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors caused by LPS and reduced the expression of inflammatory proteins such as iNOS, COX‐2, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. Furthermore, PUN inhibited the LPS‐induced production of MDA; increased the activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH‐Px, and inhibited LPS‐induced Aβ1−42 generation through down‐regulation of APP and BACE1 expression. Moreover, PUN also suppressed the expression of TLR4, IRAK4, TRAF6, IKK‐β, NF‐κB, p65, and HMGB1 in LPS‐treated mouse brain and cultured microglial BV‐2 cells. These results suggest that PUN inhibits LPS‐induced memory impairment via anti‐inflammatory and anti‐amylogenic mechanisms through inhibition of TLR4‐NF‐kB activation.
Scutellarein alleviates osteoarthritis progression through the PI3K/Akt/NF‐kappaB signaling pathway: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Ye Ziyang , Ge Zhihan , Yang Shu , Hu Ting , Ye Qiong , Chen Hui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA), a joint disease that is associated with inflammatory processes is involved in joint destruction. Scutellarein (Scu), a component of the medicinal herbs Scutellaria barbata D. Don and Erigeron breviscapus (vant) Hand Mass, has anti‐inflammatory effects. We explored the role of Scu in the development of OA and the underlying mechanisms. CCK‐8 assays, Calcein‐AM/PI and EdU staining were used to determine chondrocyte viability after Scu exposure. Western blot, qPCR, as well as ELISA were utilized to measure extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and inflammation. Immunofluorescence (IF), western blot and luciferase assays were used to examine the NF‐kappaB (NF‐κB) pathway. Scu interacting proteins were predicted using network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking. X‐ray, H&E, Safranin O‐Fast Green(S‐O), toluidine blue, and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to examine the therapeutic effects of Scu in OA using destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) models. Scu demonstrated inhibitory effects on ECM degradation and pro‐inflammatory factor levels in chondrocytes treated with IL‐1β. Mechanistically, Scu inhibited the IL‐1β‐induced activation of the PI3K/Akt/ NF‐κB signaling pathway cascades. Furthermore, Scu has been shown to have significant binding capacities to PI3K. Additionally, Scu ameliorated the OA progression in DMM models. Our findings suggest that Scu may contribute to the amelioration of OA progression by targeting the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway, implying Scu possesses promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of OA.
Research and verification on parameter solution of mixed shock model for common cause failure based on particle swarm algorithm
Authors: Hu Yinxiao , Ge Hongjuan , He Pei , Jin Hui , Li Huang , Zou Chunran 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMixed shock model is an explicit construction method of failure probability model based on component independent failure, system nonfatal shock, and fatal shock failure, which considers common cause failure (CCF) in redundant system. For aerospace systems, a modified mixed shock model is proposed, which considers several components may fail independently and simultaneously in operation. In order to solve the issue that the parameters of the mixed shock model cannot be solved directly based on the failure probability data, a parameter solving method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed. Additionally, the relationship between the failure probability and the gradient of the parameter change is deduced, and the reduced‐order (RO) solution based on the gradient of the parameter change is proposed to improve the efficiency of the solution. A fitness function construction method based on the relative error of the solution probability and the true probability is proposed to improve the probability solution accuracy of multicomponent failure. The nonlinear inertia factor optimization method combined with fitness change is studied to improve the particle swarm dynamics. The accuracy of the results of different parameters solving sequence and different PSO methods are compared, and the effectiveness of the RO solution is verified. The results of the mixed shock model before and after modification are compared with the different CCF data, which verifies the effectiveness and wide applicability of the modified mixed shock model. The results show that the modified mixed shock model for CCF and its parameter solution method can significantly improve the probability solution accuracy of all components failure, and also provide a new theoretical basis and solution method for the quantitative analysis of multiredundant system failure.