bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and diversity of Synergistetes taxa in periodontal health and disease
Authors: You M. , Mo S. , Watt R. M. , Leung W. K. 
Published: August 2012

Background and ObjectiveMembers of the phylum Synergistetes have previously been identified within periodontitis subgingival plaque and are considered putative periodontopathogens. This study compared the diversity of subginigval Synergistetes in a cohort of subjects with periodontitis (n = 10) vs. periodontitis‐free controls (n = 10).Material and MethodsPooled subgingival plaque samples from all deep periodontal pockets or all sulci were collected from the periodontitis and periodontitis‐free subjects, respectively. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were PCR‐amplified from purified subgingival plaque DNA using a Synergistetes ‘selective’ primer set. PCR products were cloned and sequenced to analyze the prevalence and diversity of Synergistetes operational taxonomic units (OTUs) present in plaque samples of both subject groups.ResultsA total of 1030 non‐chimeric 16S rRNA clones were obtained, of which 162 corresponded to members of the phylum Synergistetes. A significantly larger number of Synergistetes clones were obtained from periodontitis subgingival plaque than from periodontitis‐free controls (25.4% vs. 5.9%, p < 0.001). All Synergistetes clones corresponded to cluster A oral Synergistetes, and fell into 31 OTUs (99% sequence identity cut‐off). Twenty‐nine Synergistetes OTUs were detected in the periodontitis group while eight were detected in the periodontitis‐free group (p < 0.001). Five Synergistetes OTUs; including one OTU corresponding to the recently‐characterized species Fretibacterium fastidiosum, were more prevalent in the periodontitis subjects (p < 0.05).ConclusionOTUs belonging to oral Synergistetes cluster A were more readily detectable and were more diverse in subgingival plaque from periodontitis subjects compared with periodontitis‐free controls. Specific Synergistetes OTUs appear to be associated with periodontitis.
Spatial distribution of radioactive cesium fallout on grasslands from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011
Authors: Tsuiki Mikinori , Maeda Takeki 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLarge releases of radionuclides from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant have resulted in serious radioactive pollution of a wide region of Eastern Japan, and the livestock industry has suffered serious damage as a result. In this study, the distribution of deposited radioactive cesium (Cs) and its transfer to vegetation were surveyed on a pasture and a meadow in Iwate Prefecture. Air radiation dose rates measured at a height of 1 cm in μSv h–1 were used to estimate the deposited radioactive Cs contamination in kBq m–2. The means and coefficients of variation (CV) of deposited radioactive Cs were higher in the pasture (163 kBq m–2, CV = 38.7%) than in the meadow (67 kBq m–2, CV = 10.2%). In the pasture, high radioactive Cs contamination was observed at the southeastern edge, demonstrating the heterogeneous nature of radioactive fallout. In both the pasture and the meadow, Cs contamination was higher in the low elevation area compared to the high elevation area. The part of the meadow to which potassium chloride and lime were applied showed higher radioactive Cs contamination compared to surrounding areas. Application of potassium and lime may reduce absorption of radioactive Cs by plants. High radioactive Cs levels were observed in pasture vegetation in the area with relatively high radioactive Cs contamination. Further studies are necessary to clarify the relationship between radioactive Cs contents in vegetation and soil/land dependent parameters such as radioactive Cs level, soil soluble K concentration, pH, clay and organic matter contents.
Testing reliability and validity of Lorensen’s Self‐care Capability Scale (LSCS) among older home‐living, care‐dependent individuals in Norway
Authors: Dale Bjørg , Sævareid Hans I. , Söderhamn Olle 
Published: August 2012

dale b., sævareid h. i., söderhamn o. (2013) Testing reliability and validity of Lorensen’s Self‐care Capability Scale (LSCS) among older home‐living, care‐dependent individuals in Norway. International Journal of Older People Nursing 8, 166–173  doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2012.00339.xAim and objective.  The aim of this study was to test reliability and validity of the Lorensen’s Self‐Care Capability Scale (LSCS).Background.  The assessment of self‐care capability among older people living at home is essential for maintaining independence for as long as possible.Method.  The study sample consisted of 242 home nursing patients who were 75 + years old and living at home. The responsible home nurses documented their answers. In addition to the LSCS, help dependency, subjective health and demographic characteristics were recorded. Various statistical analyses were used to assess reliability and validity of the LSCS.Results.  Reliability of the LSCS was supported by a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.97. Regarding validity, six factors extracted in the factor analysis explained 69.8% of the variance in the group. The extracted factors supported the underlying theoretical assumptions of the instrument. Construct validity was supported by significant differences between groups with expected low and expected high LSCS scores, respectively. Concurrent validity was established by a significant correlation between LSCS and Barthel’s ADL Index.Conclusion and implications for practice.  This study has shown that LSCS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing self‐care capability in older people living at home.
Measurement of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in citrated whole blood samples from clinically ill dogs following storage
Authors: Maunder C. L. , Costa M. , Cue S. M. , Crawford E. M. , Papasouliotis K. , Murphy K. F. 
Published: August 2012

ObjectivesTo assess the reliability of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time results generated from citrated whole blood samples following short‐term storage at room temperature.MethodsClotting times were measured in blood samples from 40 dogs that showed a variety of clinical signs. Before measurement of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in citrated plasma, whole blood samples were split in three aliquots; one was processed within 30 minutes of collection (fresh) while the remaining two were stored unseparated at room temperature for 24 (24RT) or 48 (48RT) hours.ResultsThe median prothrombin time for the 24RT (7 seconds) and 48RT (7·2 seconds) samples were not significantly different to those obtained from the fresh (7·1 seconds) samples but the median activated partial thromboplastin time for the 24RT (12·6 seconds) and 48RT (12 seconds) samples were significantly shorter than those obtained from the fresh samples (14·2 seconds).Clinical SignificanceStorage of citrated whole blood at room temperature for 24 or 48 hours did not significantly alter the measurement of prothrombin time but resulted in significantly shorter activated partial thromboplastin time results. Extrapolating from these findings, it is proposed that unseparated clinical samples that are submitted to an external diagnostic laboratory for the performance of clotting times, may generate reliable prothrombin time but unreliable activated partial thromboplastin time results.
Dye‐Enhanced Multimodal Confocal Imaging as a Novel Approach to Intraoperative Diagnosis of Brain Tumors
Authors: Snuderl Matija , Wirth Dennis , Sheth Sameer A. , Bourne Sarah K. , Kwon Churl‐Su , Ancukiewicz Marek , Curry William T. , Frosch Matthew P. , Yaroslavsky Anna N. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntraoperative diagnosis plays an important role in accurate sampling of brain tumors, limiting the number of biopsies required and improving the distinction between brain and tumor. The goal of this study was to evaluate dye‐enhanced multimodal confocal imaging for discriminating gliomas from nonglial brain tumors and from normal brain tissue for diagnostic use. We investigated a total of 37 samples including glioma (13), meningioma (7), metastatic tumors (9) and normal brain removed for nontumoral indications (8). Tissue was stained in 0.05 mg/mL aqueous solution of methylene blue (MB) for 2–5 minutes and multimodal confocal images were acquired using a custom‐built microscope. After imaging, tissue was formalin fixed and paraffin embedded for standard neuropathologic evaluation. Thirteen pathologists provided diagnoses based on the multimodal confocal images. The investigated tumor types exhibited distinctive and complimentary characteristics in both the reflectance and fluorescence responses. Images showed distinct morphological features similar to standard histology. Pathologists were able to distinguish gliomas from normal brain tissue and nonglial brain tumors, and to render diagnoses from the images in a manner comparable to haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides. These results confirm the feasibility of multimodal confocal imaging for intravital intraoperative diagnosis.
Can dogs carry the global pandemic candidate avian influenza virus H9N2?
Authors: Amirsalehy H , Nili H , Mohammadi A 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundH9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) is one of the most widely circulating viruses in Eurasia. Recent studies have shown that the molecular recombination of H9N2 and H1N1 could pose a pandemic threat. Mammals that are susceptible to subtype H9N2 may contribute to the spread of the virus.ObjectiveTo determine the susceptibility of 1‐year‐old dogs to H9N2 AIV.ProcedureH9N2 AIV infection was experimentally reproduced in 1‐year‐old dogs. The animals were intranasally inoculated with a titre of 107.5 (50% egg infective dose) of H9N2 AIV isolated from a broiler farm during an outbreak. The animals in the contact group were exposed to contaminated surfaces.ResultsClinical signs including sneezing, coughing and nasal discharge were observed in the inoculated and contact groups. The virus was detected in nasal swab, faecal and buffy coat samples of dogs in both the inoculated and contact groups and both groups developed antibody titres against AIV H9N2 subtype.ConclusionH9N2 AIV isolated from outbreaks in a broiler farm can easily infect dogs and infected animals shed the virus. Because many Asian countries are facing frequent outbreaks of H9N2 infection in the poultry industry, dogs could be a potentially important source of virus transmission within and between poultry farms.
Classification of uveitis
Authors: ANDROUDI S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Classification and standardization of uveitis is important, as it enhances the precision and comparability of clinical research from different centers and assists in the development of a complete picture of the course of the disorders and their response to treatmentMethods Attempts have been made to standardize some aspects of uveitis, and various classification criteria, inflammation grading schema, and outcomes criteria have been described.Results The most widely used classification of uveitis is the one devised by the International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG) in 1987, based on the anatomical location of the inflammation. This classification includes anterior uveitis (iritis, iridocyclitis, and anterior cyclitis), intermediate uveitis (pars planitis, posterior cyclitis, and hyalitis), posterior uveitis (focal, multifocal, or diffuse choroiditis, chorioretinitis, retinitis, and neuroretinitis) or panuveitis (anterior chamber, vitreous, retina, and choroid). In 2005, the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group standardized a grading schema for aspects of intraocular intraocular inflammation, that is, anterior chamber cells, anterior chamber flare, and vitreous haze, was developed. Standardized definitions of outcomes, including reporting visual acuity outcomes, were approved.Conclusion Today’s uveitis nomenclature has been revised regarding the anatomical location and the grade of inflammation, and supplemented by the inclusion of definitions for onset, duration and course.
Symptoms and signs of posterior uveitis
Authors: KHAIRALLAH M , KAHLOUN R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Posterior uveitis (PU) is an important anatomic form of uveitis in which the primary site of infl ammation is the choroid or retina, with or without subsequent vitreous involvement.Methods Review of symptoms and signs of PU.Results The onset of PU can be sudden or insidious, involving one or both eyes. Most common ocular symptoms include blurred vision, loss of vision, and floaters. PU is usually associated with vitritis. Both vitreous cells and fl are should be graded according to standardized grading systems. Other vitreous changes may include vitreous strands, vitreous hemorrhage, vitreous traction, and posterior vitreous detachment. Depending on the primary site of inflammation, PU can present in the form of retinitis, choroiditis, retinochoroiditis, or chorioretinitis. Retinal and/or choroidal inflammation can be focal, multifocal, or more diff use, involving the periphery or posterior pole. It is important to distinguish between active and inactive chorioretinal disease. Retinal vasculitis can occur in the setting of several PU entities involving retinal veins or arteries. It appears as focal, multifocal, or diff use vascular cuffing or sheathing. Other retinal vasculitic changes include retinal hemorrhages, features of retinal vascular occlusion, retinal/optic disc neovascularization, and aneurysms. Macular involvement may result from direct inflammatory infiltration, macular edema, serous retinal detachment, retinal ischemia, epiretinal membrane, or macular hole. Optic nerve involvement may include optic disc hyperemia, optic disc edema, optic neuritis, neuroretinitis, optic disc exudate, and optic disc granuloma.Conclusion Clinician should be aware of the array of ocular symptoms of signs and their importance in orienting work‐up.
Laboratory work‐up and specialized investigations
Authors: PLEYER U 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBased on the anatomical involvement of the eye intraocular inflammation is classified into anterior, intermediate, posterior and panuveitis. All subtypes of uveitis are potentially related to infectious and noninfectious etiologies. This presentation will assist the participants in accurately diagnosing uveitis in a step latter approach including physical and laboratory investigations. In addition, a tailored approach based on confounding clinical observations with specialized investigations will help to further differentiate clinical entities. In cases of suspected intraocular infections the option of intraocular fluid evaluation for antibody testing and polymerase chain testing against the causative agent will be presented. Taken together, this part of the course will provide a rational decision‐making strategy for diagnosis of patients with uveitis.
How to prevent proliferative vitreoretinopathy ?
Authors: JONAS JB 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a serious complication of any rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.Methods Besides an early intervention to close the retinal defect by either an episcleral buckling procedure or by vitrectomy and internal tamponade, additional medical regimens may be sought after to prevent the proliferation of intravitreally intruded retinal pigment epithelium cells and other cells.Results Itravitreal medical therapy, including drugs such as triamcinolone, microplasmin or anti‐VEGF drugs ma ybe discussed for their rol ein the prevention of PVR.Conclusion Potential procedures to reduce the risk of PVR will be discussed.
How to prevent postoperative complication?
Authors: CREUZOT C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRetinal detachment can lead to early and delayed post‐operative complications. The purpose of the course is to present the different complications following retinal detachment surgery with their appropriate treatments. The postoperative complications will be divided according to the presentation of the patient (ie inflamed, painful eye or white painless eye) with or without visual loss.Then, IOP measurement and the results from slit lamp and fundus exam will provide us with the main signs useful for diagnosis. With a painful red eye, the main severe diagnoses will be the different causes of increased IOP and endophthalmitis. The main cause of increased ocular pressure is related to the internal tamponade used during surgery (gas or silicone). However, the diagnosis of the presence of silicone in the anterior chamber should be difficult. Hyphema or cataract due to gas should prevent us from a good fundus examination. This course will mainly focus on the different early and more delayed complications after retinal detachment surgery and will try to give some rules to decrease this risk.
Margins or not margins
Authors: MOURIAUX F 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Management of malignant eyelid tumors needs to be individualized, taking into account patient factors, tumor characteristics, and histological subtype. Several treatment modalities have been proposed, but surgical excision with monitoring of excision margins has the highest cure rate. The basis of ideal resection margins is almost completely from retrospective data. Moreover, resection margins of basal cell carcinoma are less extensive than spindle cell carcinoma, Merkel carcinoma or others. In another hand, Mohs surgery or complete surgical excision with frozen‐section control of the margins offers the lowest tumor‐recurrence rate.Methods The course will discuss of margins, Mohs and Frozen‐section control in malignant eyelid tumors especially for basal cell carcinoma
Paediatric uveitis
Authors: BODAGHI B 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe etiology and treatment of uveitis in children remains different from adults. Infectious and auto‐immune conditions must be identified. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis‐associated uveitis is the main etiology of chronic anterior uveitis. Pars planitis is another frequent etiology of bilateral auto‐immune uveitis. On the other hand, toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, ocular toxocariasis and cat scratch disease should be excluded in children with unilateral posterior uveitis. Case reports will be presented in order to illustrate th management of different pediatric uveitis entities. Methods
Experimental models of intraocular inflammation
Authors: BEUERMAN R , YUAN ZH 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Intra‐ocular surgery is usually followed in the near term post‐operative perios by a course of steroids or NSAIDS. However, the nature of post‐surgical inflammation is not well known due to the problems with developing an useful model. This talk describes the issues and outcomes using a mouse model of cataract surgery.Methods Cataract surgery was simulated by an approach 0.4mm posterior ttp to the limbus using a sapphire knife. Pupillary dilation was achieved by using 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine. A corneal incision, of ∼30–60°, was made, and 1% sodium hyaluronate was inserted into the anterior chamber. The corneal incision was then extended to ∼90°, and an anterior curvilinear continuous capsulorrhexis was performed and lens was removed by forceps. The anterior chamber was filled with 1% sodium hyaluronate, and the corneal wound was closed using interrupted sutures. Topical 2.5% phenylephrine, 1% tropicamide, and 1% atropine were administered at the end of the surgery. Antibiotics were administered after surgery three times/day.Results In vivo confocal microscopic analysis showed cell infiltration was not observed in the anterior chamber in the control eye, but seen in the wounded eye at PO day 1(66±5 cells). Cells in the anterior chamber peaked at day 3 (316±52 cells), and decreased over time to day 7 (3±1 cells). RT‐PCR showed that S100A8/9 mRNA levels in the iris were up‐regulated significantly (p<0.05) at PO day 1, peaked at day 3, and remained elevated to day 7. mRNA levels of S100A8/9 in the cornea, HMGB1 in the cornea and iris increased significantly (p<0.05) at PO day 1 and decreased over time. Immunostaining for S100A8/9 and HMGB1 corroborated the RT‐PCR results. There was no detectable S100A8/9 or HMGB1 in the unwounded iris. The expression of S100A8/9 and HMGB1 was stimulated in the cornea stroma and iris, with a peak at PO day 3, and decreasing over time.Conclusion A mouse model and potentially other animal models of cataract surgery could be useful to develop new methods for control of intra‐ocular inflammation.
FEMTO‐DSEK: is endothelial cut possible?
Authors: BAIKOFF G 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe interest of the Femtosecond laser is its ability to cut parallel and regular corneal surfaces with great precision. The most common example we have is its routine use for lasik flaps for which the standard thickness is around 100µm. The difficulty of deep cuts with the Femtolaser gave rise to a number of irregularities, leading the author to use a posterior trans endothelial cut. The advantage of the VisuMax is that it applies very little pressure on the endothelium, the endothelial cells undergo very little alteration and with a cell loss of approximately 5% to 7%. After surgery (endothelial graft) the smoothness of the cut is not perfect (high resolution OCT) and a number of endothelial graft irregularities are visible. These irregularities can be due to the viscoelastic interface used to protect the endothelium when the aplanation cone comes into contact with the graft or else due to the bubbles that appear to be more important in the posterior stromal tissue than in the anterior one. The corneal graft is still swollen and the slack substance of this posterior tissue has a different reaction than when cutting a lasik flap in the anterior stromal tissue which is much denser. A certain number of methods are possible in order to try and reduce these irregularities. They will be discussed during the presentation.
Rho Kinase Inhibitors: the end of endothelial keratoplasty?
Authors: GICQUEL JJ 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe human corneal endothelium shows poor regenerative abilities. In cases of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy or Fuchs’ dystrophy, descemet striping automated keratoplasty brings considerable clinical benefits. However there are still allograft rejections and the shortage of donor corneas is a problem that still needs to be solved. The Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors may help establishing ex vivo endothelial cell cultures and may also give birth to new pharmacological treatments of corneal endothelial dysfunction.
Corneal bacterial infections
Authors: GICQUEL JJ 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBecause of their potential to permanently impair vision or perforate the eye, bacterial corneal ulcers are an ophthalmologic emergency. They usually follow an insult (sometimes minor) in the corneal epithelium that provides an entry for bacteria. The increased use of soft contact lenses in recent years has led to an important rise in the occurrence of bacterial ulcers (especially aggressive Gram‐ bacteria). In this course you will learn about the new concepts in bacterial ulcers diagnosis and treatment.