bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An adaptive mesh scheme of the lattice spring model based on geometrical continuity
Authors: Ye Bo , Malthe-Sørenssen Anders , Jettestuen Espen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An adaptive mesh scheme is introduced for the lattice spring model (LSM), where the original triangular cells are subdivided into a set of smaller triangular cells. The scheme is based on geometrical continuity at the heterogeneous mesh boundary, where the refined grid cells intersect the original cell edge. The LSM simulations on the refined grid show a superior computational efficiency to the uniform grid. Each subdivision reduces the original cell edges by a factor of two. The refinement procedure was recursively applied ten times before any marked loss in accuracy was observed. The accuracy of the adaptive model is on par with a regular grid approach. More specifically, the characteristics of fracture cavity are comparable with a uniform grid of the same mesh density as the smallest cells in the adaptive approach. The fracture criterion such as J-integral, the elastic energy of the grid and potential energy change due to fracture growth and strain loading agree well with the theory of a mode I fracture, which enables simulations of process such as sub-critical fracture with a wide dynamic range.
Some interesting birational morphisms of smooth affine quadric 3-folds
*
Authors: Bisi Cinzia , Hauenstein Jonathan D , Trung Truong Tuyen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study a family of birational maps of smooth affine quadric 3-folds, over the complex numbers, of the form

x
1

x
4

−

x
2

x
3

=

constant, which seems to have some (among many others) interesting/unexpected characters: (a) they are cohomologically hyperbolic, (b) their second dynamical degree is an algebraic number but not an algebraic integer, and (c) the logarithmic growth of their periodic points is strictly smaller than their algebraic entropy. These maps are restrictions of a polynomial map on

C

4

preserving each of the quadrics. The study in this paper is a mixture of rigorous and experimental ones, where for the experimental study we rely on Bertini which is a reliable and fast software for expensive numerical calculations in complex algebraic geometry.
Physical measures for partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms with mixed hyperbolicity
*
Authors: Cao Yongluo , Mi Zeya , Yang Jiagang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study the partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms whose centre direction admits the u-definite property in the sense that all the central Lyapunov exponents of each ergodic Gibbs u-state are either all positive or all negative. We prove that for this kind of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms, there are finitely many physical measures, whose basins cover a full Lebesgue measure subset of the ambient space. We also provide examples of diffeomorphisms whose centres are u-definite, where the supports of different ergodic Gibbs u-states have nontrivial intersections.
Analysing the acoustic Doppler effect using an Arduino sensor
Authors: Phayphung Wissarut , Prasitpong Singha , Rakkapao Suttida 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The article presents an experiment for studying the Doppler effect using the Arduino sensor integrated with LabVIEW to detect the frequency of the rotating sound source. A mobile phone application is used as a sound generator emitting 500–1100 Hz frequencies and rotated in a uniform circular motion. The Arduino sound sensor is affixed at rest, acting as a listener to observe the frequency of the mobile phone moving toward and away from it. This experiment can express a significant concept of the Doppler effect concerning a shift in the observed frequency of a sound wave when the sound source moves relative to the observer. Moreover, students can interpret a graph and calculate the tangential speed of the rotating mobile phone.
RLab Calorimetry: an internet-enabled calorimeter using Arduino for local or remote lab activities
Authors: Leitão Ulisses Azevedo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study presents an internet-connected calorimeter allowing both face-to-face and online laboratory activities. This device aims to create an environment that facilitates enquiry-based teaching strategies. There are three ways to access the device: (i) remotely via the web (WAN—Wide Area Network), locally (ii) through the local network (LAN—Local Area Network), or (iii) as a stand-alone device. It was designed with a client-server structure and utilised the Flask framework in Python. The instrument consists of two isolated containers (calorimeters), allowing for investigative activities that include comparing two liquid samples. The system was built using low-cost components based on the Arduino platform. Unlike virtual laboratories, measurements are performed on real devices. We present the results of direct electrical heating for a short time and record the temperature step of the samples. This straightforward method has proven to be suitable as a learning activity because of its conceptual clarity and effectiveness in teaching and learning. The use of a mechanical stirrer to homogenise the temperature of the liquids is crucial for obtaining high-quality experimental results. The system described in this paper is part of ‘RLab project’, an initiative to develop a platform for remote Experimental Physics Activities in Physics Teaching for public schools in Brazil. This experimental setup can be highly beneficial for implementing an experimental learning methodology, especially in the case of—but not restricted to—distance learning.
Trajectory of the Moon around the Sun
Authors: Rovšek Barbara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Assigning students the seemingly simple task of drawing the Moon’s trajectory in the heliocentric system can ignite a profound discussion about the intricacies of the trajectory. This article presents a diverse set of plots depicting suggested trajectories, alongside a detailed discussion of their differences and the implications of various details. The provided reasoning exemplifies analytical thinking, showcasing how even a small dataset enables us to dismiss certain suggested trajectories (hypotheses).
LDSG-Net: an efficient lightweight convolutional neural network for acute hypotensive episode prediction during ICU hospitalization
Authors: Liu Longfei , Hang Yujie , Chen Rongqin , He Xianliang , Jin Xingliang , Wu Dan , Li Ye 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. Acute hypotension episode (AHE) is one of the most critical complications in intensive care unit (ICU). A timely and precise AHE prediction system can provide clinicians with sufficient time to respond with proper therapeutic measures, playing a crucial role in saving patients’ lives. Recent studies have focused on utilizing more complex models to improve predictive performance. However, these models are not suitable for clinical application due to limited computing resources for bedside monitors. Approach. To address this challenge, we propose an efficient lightweight dilated shuffle group network. It effectively incorporates shuffling operations into grouped convolutions on the channel and dilated convolutions on the temporal dimension, enhancing global and local feature extraction while reducing computational load. Main results. Our benchmarking experiments on the MIMIC-III and VitalDB datasets, comprising 6036 samples from 1304 patients and 2958 samples from 1047 patients, respectively, demonstrate that our model outperforms other state-of-the-art lightweight CNNs in terms of balancing parameters and computational complexity. Additionally, we discovered that the utilization of multiple physiological signals significantly improves the performance of AHE prediction. External validation on the MIMIC-IV dataset confirmed our findings, with prediction accuracy for AHE 5 min prior reaching 93.04% and 92.04% on the MIMIC-III and VitalDB datasets, respectively, and 89.47% in external verification. Significance. Our study demonstrates the potential of lightweight CNN architectures in clinical applications, providing a promising solution for real-time AHE prediction under resource constraints in ICU settings, thereby marking a significant step forward in improving patient care.
Towards minimal self-testing of qubit states and measurements in prepare-and-measure scenarios
Authors: Drótos Gábor , Pál Károly F , Taoutioui Abdelmalek , Vértesi Tamás 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Self-testing is a promising approach to certifying quantum states or measurements. Originally, it relied solely on the outcome statistics of the measurements involved in a device-independent (DI) setup. Extra physical assumptions about the system make the setup semi-DI. In the latter approach, we consider a prepare-and-measure scenario in which the dimension of the mediating particle is assumed to be two. In a setup involving four (three) preparations and three (two) projective measurements in addition to the target, we exemplify how to self-test any four- (three-) outcome extremal positive operator-valued measure using a linear witness. One of our constructions also achieves self-testing of any number of states with the help of as many projective measurements as the dimensionality of the space spanned by the corresponding Bloch vectors. These constructions are conjectured to be minimal in terms of the number of preparations and measurements required. In addition, we implement one of our prepare-and-measure constructionson IBM and IonQ quantum processors and certify the existence of a complex qubit Hilbert space based on the data obtained from these experiments.
Implementation of a motion planning technique for a low-frequency piezo-actuated inchworm drive
Authors: Dsouza Vincent Linish , Muralidhara  , Jain Nirmith 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A novel piezoelectric inchworm drive capable of long-range motion has been designed, fabricated, and tested in this research work. To control the motion of the inchworm drive, trajectory planning has been proposed. The trajectory planning ensures that the inchworm drive achieves smooth and continuous motion with high accuracy. Two trajectory planning methods were incorporated for the developed inchworm drive: a linear function with a parabolic blend trajectory and a cubic polynomial trajectory. Simulations for both the cubic polynomial and trapezoidal trajectories were conducted, with the estimated displacement results closely verified through experimental validation. The fabricated inchworm drive is tested for varying input voltages and frequencies. The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed piezoactuated Inchworm drive can achieve substantial displacement, constrained only by the linear slide’s length. When an input signal of 150 V peak to peak and frequency of 10 Hz is applied to the inchworm drive, it was capable of moving at a speed of 1425 μm/s. When incorporating trajectory planning for the Inchworm drive the experimental results show that the maximum percentage error for the trapezoidal motion profile is 1.56% and the cubic polynomial profile trajectory is within 1% for the corresponding target position for a travel range of 25 mm of the inchworm drive.
Molecular docking of nano Zn capped by rhamnolipids
Authors: Rahale C Sharmila , Solomon R Vijay 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rhamnolipids has been used as capping agent for ZnO nanoparticles to improving the plant micronutrition. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation method, and the prepared nanoparticles were capped with Rhamnolipids. The structural, morphological, optical, and particle stability characteristics of the chelated ZnO nanoparticles were investigated. UV–vis spectroscopy was used to investigate the optical properties of ZnO and Rhamnolipids capped ZnO nanoparticles. The stability of Rhamnolipids capped ZnO nanoparticles is higher (38.45 mV) than that of ZnO nanoparticles alone (32.3 mV). The Zn mineral nutrition in plants is improved by Rhamnolipids capped ZnO nanoparticles. In order to get a broad understanding of the binding of capped ZnO nanoparticles, a detailed molecular docking analysis was taken up. Molecular docking analysis reveals that the binding of Zn atom to LasI protein receptor has more neighboring group amino acid residues and greater binding affinity than the binding to LasR receptor.
Machine learning-enabled characterization of concrete mechanical strength through correlation of flexural and torsional resonance frequencies
Authors: Bai Li , Samavatian Majid , Samavatian Vahid 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, an assessment of concrete compressive strength was conducted using an impulse excitation data-driven machine learning (ML) framework. The model was constructed upon a deep neural network and aided by the backpropagation method, ensuring a precise training process. In contrast to prior research, which mainly focused on mixture components, a meaningful relationship between physical parameters—resonant frequencies and elastic moduli—and compressive strength was established by our ML model. Remarkable performance was demonstrated, with a root mean square error value of 2.8MPa and a determination factor of 0.97. Through Pearson analysis, correlations between input features and output targets, ranging from −0.29 to 0.90, were revealed. Notably, the strongest correlations with compressive strength were found in Young's and shear moduli, derived from flexural and torsional frequencies, highlighting the pivotal role of dynamic elastic response in concrete's mechanical behavior. Furthermore, the findings indicated slight prediction deviations in cases involving samples with a high Poisson's ratio. This work illuminates the potential for accurate compressive strength prediction by leveraging concrete's dynamic response, particularly flexural and torsional modes, thereby opening avenues for research into concrete compressive strength without direct consideration of sample ingredients.
Stochastic approach to a delayed in-host model of DENV transmission
Authors: Modak Bikash , P Muthu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Motivation. The immune response to the viral transmission experiences delays due to diverse biological factors and is affected by several factors. These include infection rate, rate of apoptosis and impact of the antibody-virus complex which exhibit unpredictable nature in a random environment. Objective. The main goal is to examine the impact of noise terms, introduced into every state variable, on a delayed in-host model of viral transmission. Methodology. To determine the intensity fluctuations and variances of all concerned state variables in the stochastic delayed model, which includes a constant delay and Gaussian white noise, the Fourier transformation method is employed. Results and Conclusions. The limiting value of the delay parameter is derived explicitly as well as numerically. The system experiences Hopf bifurcation, whenever the delay parameter crosses the limiting value which is shown graphically. The intensities and variances of different cells and virus populations are derived and the values are computed numerically. As the delay increases, the level of viremia decreases while other parameters maintain fixed values. The outcomes of data sensitivity, shown in graphical form, indicate that the transmission rate and supply rate of viruses are highly sensitive. Our findings suggest that the presence of noise causes fluctuations in the delayed model, leading to a noticeable impact on the transmission of the virus.
Capacitance-based structural self-sensing of stress: effect of water/cement
Authors: Ozturk Murat 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The compressive stress self-sensing properties of mortars with different water-cement ratios are investigated without the need for any conductive additives. Mortar specimens are cyclically loaded and the corresponding capacitance and resistance are measured. The aluminum foil that is used as the electrode is wrapped around the prismatic sample. A coplanar configuration of electrodes is used. Capacitance and resistance increase with increasing water/cement (W/C) ratio. Stress causes decrease in capacitance and increase in resistance. The relationship between stress and fractional capacitance-resistance (except for the sample with 0.30 W C−1 ratio) change is reasonably consistent. The effectiveness of stress sensing (the fractional change in capacitance-resistance per unit of stress) decreases monotonically as the maximum stress increases, regardless of the W/C ratio. It is found that the dependence of the effectiveness of the stress sensing on the W/C ratio decreases with an increase in the maximum stress.
Double-sided structure grating for dual-functional polarizing or non-polarizing splitter
Authors: Huang Xu , Wang Bo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a novel bidirectional dual-functional metal-dielectric reflective grating with a double-sided structure is described, which can achieve transverse-electric (TE) polarization in the -1st order and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarization in the 0th order as a polarizing beam splitter in the upper part of the grating or TE and TM polarizations in the -1st order with polarization-independent property in the lower part of the grating. The proposed grating works at wavelength 1550 nm under Littrow mounting. Rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) is used to optimize grating parameters. The upper part can achieve diffraction efficiencies of 99.53% and 99.11% for TE polarization in the -1st order and TM polarization in the 0th order, respectively. In addition, the extinction ratios of -1st order and 0th order are 58.87 dB and 52.02 dB, respectively. The lower part can achieve diffraction efficiencies of 99.41% and 99.26% for TE and TM polarizations in the -1st order, respectively. Furthermore, wide incident wavelength and angular bandwidths can be obtained in both the upper and lower parts. Such a high-efficiency dual-functional grating has a wide range of applications in optical systems.
Electronic energy levels and wave-functions evolution from 3-D to 2-D of a hydrogen atom confined by two parallel planes
Authors: Cabrera-Trujillo R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The compression of an atom produced by two planes induces a change in its electronic structure that evolves from a free atom in 3-D to a 2-D atom. This behavior is of importance in low-dimensional materials and high compression produced by an anvil cell. In this work, we study the evolution of the energy levels and electronic wave-functions of a hydrogen atom placed between two impenetrable planes as a function of the inter-plane separation through a numerical approach. As the inter-plane separation is reduced, the electron motion is restricted along the direction normal to the planes, similar to a particle in a box, while leaving the electron to move unrestricted along the planes, thus, breaking the spherical geometry of the H atom caused by the planes’ compression. The energy levels evolve from 3-D, described by nlm quantum numbers to a 2-D described by

n
′
ml
′

, where

l
′

is the quantum number for a particle in a box along the z direction and

n
′

is the principal quantum number of the 2-D atom radial direction. We evaluate the energy levels from 3-D to 2-D and the radial average distance 〈ρ〉 in cylindrical coordinates, as a function of the inter-plane separation D along the z-direction. We find that as the inter-plane separation is reduced, the angular momentum quantum number l merges to the z-component of the angular momentum and it produces two branches, a symmetric for l-even and one anti-symmetric for l-odd, connected to a particle in a box quantum number

l
′

along the z-axis with implications in the atom photo-luminescence, resulting from the symmetry of the system. Furthermore, states with l-odd merge with states with l-even, as they have the same energy and average distance when D → 0. We provide an Aufbau principle for it. Our results agree to the analytical solutions at the 3-D and 2-D limiting cases.
Metasurface loaded ceramic based MIMO antenna with improved gain and circular polarization characteristics
Authors: Yadav Abhimanyu , Dwivedi Ajay Kumar , Singh Indra Kumar , Penmatsa Krishna Kanth Varma , Das Gourab , Sharma Anand 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this communication, the conceptualization involves the design of a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) (dual-port) ring dielectric resonator antenna and the integration of a meta-surface onto this configuration. It introduces three distinctive attributes, which characterize the novelty of the proposed design: (a) facilitates the conversion of linearly polarized waves into circularly polarized counterparts; (b) contributes to a substantial enhancement in gain in between the working band; and (c) there is notable improvement in the isolation between the antenna ports to more than 25 dB. The experimental measurements validate the simulated results of proposed design and confirms its applicability in between 2.45–3.0 GHz. Notably, a 3-dB axial ratio is created in the frequency span of 2.56–2.99 GHz, along with an impressive gain of approximately 8.3 dBi. Its consistent radiation pattern and excellent diversity performance make it suitable for WiMAX (2.6 GHz) use.
Effect of CaCO3 filler reinforcement on PLA matrix composites fabricated through injection moulding
Authors: Krishnudu D Mohana , Reddy P Venkateshwar , Kumar M Vijay , Reddy R V Saikumar , Umamaheshwer Rao A C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since a decade, the usage of traditional polymers and synthetic fibres has increased rapidly. Therefore, it becomes increasingly important to implement biodegradable polymer composites and strict plastic usage guidelines in order to address a range of environmental and safety issues. This article discusses in detail about the use of bio-degradable material like Poly Lactic Acid(PLA) as the matrix and calcium carbonate as the reinforcement used in preparing composite laminates through injection moulding technique.The influence of the CaCO3 on the mechanical properties, as well as the degradation behaviour of the developed specimens was explored by employing Universal testing machine (UTM) and Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The bonding of the functional compounds within the selected substances were observed through Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The conclusions revealed that putting up to 15 wt% of CaCO3 to a PLA medium boosted the mechanical properties and the specimen containing 10 wt% of CaCO3 improved thermal persistence and received the deterioration point at nearly 245 °C–250 °C. Only traces of residue were found in the composites as determined by TGA. In conclusion, it can be said that the incorporation of powder, permitted the development of biodegradable materials with better specific properties which can possibly be leveraged in lieu of traditional resources in a variety of industrial applications.