bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant intravenous therapy by fotemustine in uveal melanoma : a randomised study
Authors: DESJARDINS L , LEVY C , LUMBROSO LE ROUIC L , CASSOUX N , PIPERNO‐NEUMANN S , MARIANI P , SERVOIS V , DENDALE R , PLANCHER C , ASSELAIN B 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose to describe the protocol of adjuvant therapy by intravenous fotemustine in uveal melanomaMethods Patient with uveal melanoma are included in a randomised protocol if their tumor has the inclusion criteria of high metastatic risk ‐ Clinical : largest tumor diameter ≥ 15 mm with extrascleral extension or retinal detachment , or largest tumor diametre > 18mm Or Genomic : tumor with at least complete or partial monosomy 3 associated to a gain of 8q , by BACs/CGH‐array performed on fine needle aspiration biopsy or on enucleation specimen. The calculation of the number of patients to be included uses the method of FreedmanResults 178 patients were screened.131 patients were not included because of refusal of the biopsy( 11), technical problems with the biopsy( 32), no genomic high risk ( 24), refusal of the chemotherapy protocol , general health problem( cardiovascular , age , co morbidity, other cancer) or delay before the patient was by the oncologist.Conclusion Inclusion of patients in adjuvant therapy trials is difficult. More multicentric studies are necessary.
Development of new models of orthotopic primary human retinoblastoma xenografts
Authors: CASSOUX N , ASSAYAG F , NEMATI F , FONTAINE JJ , AERTS I 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To develop preclinical orthotopic models of primary human retinoblastomaMethods Orthotopic models of human retinoblastoma have been developed from three subcutaneous xenografted models that have previously been established and characterized in our laboratory, i.e. RB102‐FER, RB111‐MIL, and RB200‐GS that have been maintained in nude mice. Mice bearing xenografts were sacrificed and tumors were dissected to obtain a suspension of fresh tumor cells at a concentration of 8000 cells/l in DMEM serum‐free medium. Under intraperitoneal anesthesia, 2l of cell suspension was injected into the subretinal space of the right eye for 3 groups of mice using a 32G needle via a Hamilton syringe. Each group was constituted by 2 female SQUID mice and 3 male nude mice. After subretinal injection, ophthalmic examination of the mice was done every 15 days with binocular microscope. When tumor cells invaded vitreal cavity and anterior chamber, the mice were sacrificed for ophthalomological pathological analyses.Results Tumor cells developed in all injected eyes, whatever the mouse categories used, 4 weeks after orthotopic transplantation for RB102‐FER and 6 weeks after for RB200‐GS. In contrast, no tumor growth was observed in injected eyes of the RB111‐MIL model. In the 2 first xenografts, the proliferation started with a white hemorrhagic retinal mass; three weeks later, the vitreous was invaded by tumor cells that extended to the anterior chamber. Pathological examination of the injected eyes confirmed the presence of a massive infiltration of the retina, vitreous and anterior chamber by retinoblastoma cells.Conclusion We have then developed two new models of orthotopic primary human retinoblastoma that well reproduce the patient’s tumors.
Documentation of distribution of normal conjunctival vessels and their changes by mild irritation of photography using automated algorithm
Authors: BANAEE T , POURREZA HR , KHAJEH DALOUEE M , DANESHVAR KAKHKI R , BASIRI M , ABRISHAMI M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To quantify distribution of conjunctival vessels in normal eyes and the changes induced by the irritation of photography.Methods Digital slit lamp photography of the upper and lower conjunctiva of 728 healthy eyes was done in 4 groups with different orders of succession of the photography in each person. A radon transform based algorithm was used to segment vessels and compute area occupied by vessels (AOV) of different sizes in each image. AOV of small, medium and large vessels were compared in the first photos of cases, and in the successive photos of each person using ANOVA (post hoc: Tukey) and paired sample T tests.Results AOV of the 3 sizes of vessels had normal distribution in all images. In the first images of photography (un‐irritated eyes); AOV of medium sized vessels was the largest and was less in both fields of the left eye than the upper field of the right eye. Irritation of photography, caused an increase in AOV of the large vessels first, followed by increase in AOV of medium sized vessels accompanied by a decrease in AOV of small vessels, and finally a small increase in AOV of small vessels.Conclusion Medium sized vessels are the most abundant in un‐irritated eye. During mild irritation, changes in large conjunctival vessels are documented first. Medium and small sized vessels seem to respond later.
Epiretinal membranes following retinal detachment surgery
Authors: KOURENTIS C 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To study the factors that influence the development of secondary epiretinal membrane (ERM)formation after retinal detachment repair and to report anatomic and functional results.Methods The patients had received either pars plana vitrectomy or scleral buckling for their retinal detachment repair. The patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy with ERM removal in the second surgical procedure.Results Foveal morphological changes influence best corrected visual acuity outcome in patients with secondary ERM after retinal detachment repair.Conclusion ERM development is a known complication of retinal detachment repair. The anatomic and functional results can be improved in these patients by removal of the ERM.
ElVisML: A little less conversation. Experiences with the Electrophysiology of Vision Markup Language in clinical routine and in a multi‐center trial
Authors: STRASSER T , PETERS T , ZRENNER E 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The International Society for Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) started a process of standardization in electrophysiology of vision to increase comparability of recordings. Standardization is important, especially in clinical trials. However, there is no standard for encoding electrophysiological data of vision. Recently, we proposed such a standard, called Electrophysiology of Vision Markup Language (ElVisML). Here we give an overview of our experiences in the application of ElVisML in clinical routine and in a multi‐center clinical trial.Methods The University Eye Hospital Tuebingen runs three Espion (Diagnosys Ltd) systems, all connected to a central database, which is integrated into a hospital information system (HIS). ERG recordings are added to patients electronic health records (EHR) as ElVisML file. The software system of the STZ eyetrial ERG reading center uses ElVisML as a native format for the electronic exchange of ERG recordings between stakeholders of the reading process.Results Integrated into a HIS, ElVisML allows for a network‐wide access to ERG recordings and long‐term archiving. Compliance to regulatory requirements of the reading center are successfully implemented in a multi‐center study (2 sites, 20 patients, 4 examinations) using ElVisML: An audit trail is realized by revisions of ElVisML files, conformance checks are automatically enforced during each step of the workflow using data included in ElVisML.Conclusion Open standards like ElVisML help to ensure quality, validity, and integrity of ERG recordings, provide manufacturer independent access, and long‐term archiving in a future‐proof format in clinical routing as well as in reading centers.
Commercial interest
Electroretinogram and patterned Visual Evoked Potentials as detectors of retinal dystrophy in children affected by Joubert syndrome: a longitudinal survey
Authors: RUBERTO G , SUZANI M , SIGNORINI S , FAZZI E , ANTONINI M , BERTONE C , GUAGLIANO R , TINELLI C , BIANCHI PE 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital malformation of the brainstem and cerebellar vermis. The pathology can be associated with retinal dystrophy (RD). In a previous study we presented the data of retinal involvement and their relationship with electrophysiology in 26 JS patients. The longitudinal data are shown in a part of this sample.Methods All the children had repeated clinical examinations. The electroretinogram (ERG) was performed without sedation. One recording skin electrode was placed on the bridge of the nose. The stimulation included the maximal combined response and a 30 Hz response after a brief adaptation. For the patterned visual evoked potentials (PVEP) a sequence of checks of 15, 30, 60, 120 and 300 minutes of arc was presented. All the JS children had both ERG and PVEP repeated from 2 to 4 times. A total of 13 JS affected children for the ERG and 12 for the PVEP were analyzed. Comparisons between percentage of reliable responses were performed by Fisher exact test.Results A significant difference between JS children with and without RD in 30 hz ERG (p=0.050) and 120, 60, 30, and 15 minutes of arc (p=0.006,0.002,<0.001,<0.001 respectively) was found.Conclusion ERG and PVEP repeated measures are valuable means for the diagnosis and follow‐up of RD in JS (patients).
AZOOR Defined (Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy)
Authors: HECKENLIVELY JR , WANG A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To identify common diagnostic findings in 25 patients with AZOOR, first described by Gass in 1993 as a syndrome with rapid loss of one or more large zones of outer retinal function. We were interested in better defining recog‐nizable diagnostic features and the natural history.Methods Patients were identified by sudden onset of zonal functional loss (scotomata) on kinetic visual fields, and abnormal electroretinograhy. All patients had full clinical examinations, family histories for autoiommune disease and retinal degeneration, kinetic visual fields, autofluoresence imaging, electroretinography, Western blots for anti‐retinal antibodies (ARAs).Results There were unifying patterns among patients; all but 4 patients were women, over half had family members with other autoimmune disorders, the disease had asymmetric presentation in 35% of patients. The ERG was always abnormal in eyes with the scotomata, and in most the photopic b‐wave amplitudes were markedly decreased in eyes with large scotomata. Enlarged blind spots extending into equatorial regions were a strong and common feature of the scotomata, which could be seen on autofluorescence. Pigment deposits were very uncommon. Western blots were very positive with an average of 6.5 immunoreactive anti‐retinal antibody bands (normal <1.2). Negative waveforms, occurred in 3/25 patients, and 30Hz flicker amplitudes abnormal in 19/25 with only 12/25 with delayed ITs. Patients with recent onset had a better response to immuno‐suppressant therapy.Conclusion AZOOR is another atypical retinopathy that has anti‐retinal antibodies as a common feature. The ERG suggests that pathologic anti‐cone antibodies play a key role, and given the pattern of scotomata, the ARAs access the retina via the optic canal or peripapillary region.
Varicella zoster Virus
Authors: ANDROUDI S 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) are referred to ophthalmologists for prevention or treatment of its potential complications. Without prompt detection and treatment, HZO can lead to substantial visual disability. The purpose of this presentation is to summarize the typical signs and symptoms of anterior uveitis associated with varicella zoster virus (VZV).Methods Presentation of typical signs and symptoms of anterior uveitis associated with varicella zoster virus (VZV).Results Varicella zoster virus is often associated with corneal complications such as epithelial, stromal, and disciform keratitis; anterior uveitis; necrotizing retinitis; and cranial nerve palsies in relation to the eye. Postherpetic complications, especially postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), are frequently observed. Cranial nerve palsies are common and most often involve the facial nerve, although palsy of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves may occur in isolation or (rarely) simultaneously. Complete ophthalmoplegia can also been seen. Vasculitis within the orbital apex (orbital apex syndrome) or brainstem dysfunction is postulated to be the cause of cranial nerve palsies.Conclusion The management of VZV ophthalmic involvement, includes a multidisciplinary approach aiming to reduce complications and morbidity
Diagnostics of virus‐induced anterior uveitis
Authors: GARWEG JG 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Virally induced anterior uveitis, accounting for more than 10 % of cases, is the most common form of infectious anterior uveitis. A distinction between the various possible infectious agents is important for therapy and prognosis, but frequently not possible basing only on history and clinical grounds only. In these cases, a laboratory confirmation of the clinically presumed diagnosis is of interest.Methods A Medline search was conducted using the search terms “anterior uveitis”, “virus” and “diagnostic”. After exclusion of reviews and studies including less than ten samples, the remaining were assessed for their diagnostic yield with focus on the viruses of the herpes family (HSV‐1, HSV‐2, VZV, CMV, EBV, HHV6‐8), Rubella and Parechovirus including ELISA, PCR and immunoblot testing from paired samples of aqueous humour and serum.Results Based on intraocular antibody synthesis and PCR, herpes vriuses represent the majority of viral anterior uveitis instances. Cytomagalovirus‐ and Rubella‐associated anterior uveitis have obviously been underestimated in their role, whereas the clinical relevance of Parechovirus and other forms of more recently described viral anterior uveitis cases has as yet to be determined.Conclusion Basing on published evidence, a systematic diagnosis of infectious agents in presumed viral anterior uveitis has to be postulated for all cases without a clear clinical diagnosis or a poor response to therapy. If access to a qualified laboratory is lacking, a parallel sample of serum and aqueous humour should be collected and be referred to one of the international referrence laboratories if the clinical situation is developing unfavourably.
Rete mirabile in mouse retina?
Authors: RUBERTE J , MENDES‐JORGE L , RAMOS D , LOPEZ‐LUPPO M , NACHER V , NAVARRO M , CARRETERO A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose One possible definition for rete mirabile, the “wonderful net”, is a capillary network interrupting one arteriole, as happens in kidney. In a glomerulus, the afferent and efferent arterioles are communicated by a capillary tuft. It is generally accepted that in mouse retina, capillaries communicate directly arterioles with venules. However, this must be difficult in a tissue where normally there is not concordance between the number of arterioles and veins. In the current study, we explored the presence of retia mirabilia in mouse retina which could explain the mismatch between retinal arterioles and venules.Methods Retinas from C57BL6 and CD1 mice were used. After partially clamping of the common carotid arteries, hypoxia was detected using the Hypoxiprobe‐1 Kit (Chemicon). Mice were intravenously injected with 60 mg pimonidazole/kg body weight in phosphate‐buffered saline. Pimonidazole specifically binds to proteins in hypoxic cells at an oxygen pressure equal to or lower than 10 mmHg. Thirty minutes after injection animals were euthanized and pimonidazole binding proteins were detected in the retina by immunohistochemistry.Results Direct capillary connections between retinal arterioles were found in C57BL6 and CD1 mice, indicating the presence of retia mirabilia. No venules were found between arterioles in the rete mirabile areas. In order to know if these retia mirabilia have some function in retinal oxygenation, partially clamping of common carotid arteries was performed and hypoxia was detected in the retina using the Hyposiprobe‐1 Kit. Interestingly, rete mirabile areas were less hypoxic than conventional capillary areas.Conclusion There are retia mirabilia in mouse retina and these vascular structures could be important in retinal oxygenation.
Tear Film Topography
Authors: NOCHEZ Y , HABAY T , PISELLA PJ 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Patient complaints such as blurry vision are a very common symptom of dry eye syndrome. We will summarize technologies to measure the optical effects of tear film instability.Methods There are several noninvasive techniques for assessing the kinetics of tear film : high‐speed videokeratoscopy, dynamic wavefront sensing and lateral shearing interferometry. Interferometry or break up time are sensitive techniques for recording tear film surface irregularities in a noninvasive manner.Results However, in order to understand the visual complaints associated with tear film instability, we need some dynamic visualization of the corneal tear film quality. Shack‐Hartmann wavefront sensor and wavefront aberration could realize an objective evaluation of optical quality of the eye between blinks. We will discuss the use of higher‐order aberrations fluctuations during 10 seconds. At last, we will try to quantify the visual impact of dry eye using objective scattering index.Conclusion Dynamic aberration maps may be used for diagnosis of dry eye and for monitoring drops efficiency.
Measurements of the dynamic aberrations induced by the tear film
Authors: GICQUEL JJ 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe static higher‐order aberrations of the eye are easily measured with most commercially available wavefront aberrometers.However it has been only recently that the dynamic wavefront aberrations induced by the tear film (which plays a crucial role in the quality of vision)have been measured.In this presentation we will focus on the use of double pass wavefront aberrometry OQAS™ (Optical Quality Analysis System)for measuring vision quality disturbances caused by anabnormal tear film, in various clinical situations.
Straylight as measure for quality of vision and the tear film
Authors: VAN DEN BERG TJTP 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose In this presentation an overview will be given on the basic optical effects connected with the tear film. A prominent role of the tear film is to create a smooth surface for the most powerful refractive interface of the eye, i.e. the air‐cornea interface. On the other hand, the tear film itself can disturb proper imaging if light is scattered in it, or if its surface is not perfectly smooth.Methods Surface effects on optical image formation can be described with aberrometry. Only, in the case of the epithelial surface, present aberrometers do not have sufficient resolution to describe the fine irregularities. The group of Thibos designed a way to address this problem using the shape of the spot images of the Shack‐Hartmann aberrometer. Effects of light scattering can be assessed using straylight measurement (implemented in the C‐Quant from Oculus).Results Both aberrometric and straylight outcomes combine to form the ocular point‐spread‐function defining the functional problem originating from optical defects in the tear film. The aberrometric errors dominate the central part of the PSF, and thus visual acuity. Straylight corresponds to the peripheral part of the PSF, and dominates in complaints like glare and hazy vision. Literature models for both aspects of the optical problems in the eye media were used to delineate their effects on the PSF.Conclusion Two domains must be differentiated: the aberration domain and the small particle scatter domain, with corresponding parts (small angle vs large angle) to the PSF. Straylight typically originates ffrom small particles, as opposed to aberrations originating from refractile humps and bumps extending over large distances (tear film surface) or small small distances (epithelial surface).
Commercial interest
Cyclosporine A‐loaded and limbal stem cell‐seeded nanofibers for the local suppression of inflammatory and transplantation reactions
Authors: HOLAN V , ZAJICOVA A , CHUDICKOVA M , LENCOVA A , TROSAN P , SVOBODOVA E , KRULOVA M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Purpose. To prepare nanofibers containing the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA) and to assess the potential of these nanofibers to inhibit allotransplantation and inflammatory reactions in vitro and in vivo.Methods Methods. Nanofibers containing 10 weight percent of CsA were prepared from biocompatible polymer poly(L‐lactid) by electrospinning procedure. The kinetics of drug release was characterized in aqueous solutions in vitro and in vivo. The growth of mouse limbal stem cells (LSC) on CsA‐loaded nanofibers was evaluated. The ability of CsA‐loaded nanofibers to inhibit allotransplantion reactions in vitro and inflammatory reactions in vivo was characterized.Results Results. The incorporation of CsA into PLA polymer did not influence the pharmacological activity of CsA nor affected the diameter, shape or architecture of nanofibers. The addition of CsA‐containing nanofibers into mixed lymphocyte culture significantly inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner cell proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐2, IL‐17 and IFN‐ Mouse LSC grew on CsA‐loaded nanofibers comparably as on CsA‐free nanofibers. The covering of inflammatory sites with CsA‐loaded nanofibers significantly attenuated the local inflammatory reaction.Conclusion Conclusion. The CsA‐loaded and LSC‐seeded electrospun nanofibers can be used as scaffolds for LSC transfer and simultaneously as drug carriers for the local suppression of transplantation and inflammatory reactions.
Gangliosides of the retina
Authors: MASSON E , BRETILLON L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids particularly abundant in the brain and nervous system, including the retina. A large variety of gangliosides have been described and the profile is specific to the organ or cell type. It has been shown that ganglioside composition of the retina changes during development. Also, it is known that mouse models accumulating specific gangliosides exhibit retinal abnormalities associated with impaired vision. However, the precise role of gangliosides in this organ and its pathologies is still poorly understood. We aimed to determine ganglioside profile of the retina and different retinal cell types.Methods Three techniques of ganglioside extraction and purification based on solvent phase partition and solid phase extraction were compared and applied to retina samples. Gangliosides were then analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography and colorimetric revelation, and identified by comigration with standards.Results Rat whole retina mainly contained complex polysialogangliosides. GD3 appeared to be the major one, followed by GD1b, GT1b and GD1a. In contrast, retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE) and Müller cells exhibited a simpler ganglioside profile with a great majority of monosialoganglioside GM3. Small amounts of GM1 and GD3 were also detected, as well as GD1a specifically in Müller cells. Moreover, Müller cells contained larger amounts of gangliosides than ARPE cells.Conclusion We showed here the specific ganglioside profile of the rat retina and two specialized retinal cell types: ARPE and Müller cells. It will be interesting to identify specific modifications of ganglioside profile associated with pathological conditions in these cells, which are affected during the development of age‐related macular degeneration and glaucoma, respectively.