bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Climate of the Euro‐Mediterranean Using a Variable‐Resolution Configuration of the Global Community Earth System Model (VR‐CESM)
Authors: Boza Burcu , Herrington Adam , Ilicak Mehmet , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Sen Omer Lutfi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA Variable‐Resolution, global configuration of the Community Earth System Model (VR‐CESM) in which the atmosphere and land are the only active components is employed to investigate the climate of the Euro‐Mediterranean region. Two variable‐resolution grids with regionally refined resolutions of 0.25° and 0.125° over the study domain, respectively, are used. The fidelity of these VR‐CESM simulations is evaluated considering the near‐surface air temperature and precipitation fields for the 2000–2014 period in comparison to available observation‐based data sets and those of a coarse resolution (quasi‐uniform 1°) control simulation. Our analysis shows that, as a global model, VR‐CESM can be employed as an alternative to regional climate models to advance our understanding of the Euro‐Mediterranean climate. The improvements obtained are mainly related to a better representation of the complex topography of the region with higher resolution. Increasing the regional resolution to 0.25° generally yields considerable improvements over the control simulation; however, some persistent biases remain. Doubling the highest resolution to 0.125° leads to only modest improvements, primarily in the representation of small‐scale processes including representation of extreme events that are of substantial relevance for the present and future of the regional climate.
Assessing 1‐Second ROTI for Ionospheric Perturbation Monitoring Using Real‐Time Multi‐GNSS Data in China
Authors: Zhang Zhouyu , Wang Ningbo , Liu Ang , Li Zishen , Li Ang , Wang Liangliang , Zhang Yunlong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith the onset of solar activities of the 25th solar cycle, ionospheric perturbations have become increasingly frequent, posing significant challenges to various applications of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The Rate of Total Electron Content (TEC) Index (Rate of TEC Index (ROTI)), commonly derived from GNSS data sampled at 30‐s intervals, fails to detect ionospheric irregularities smaller than the first Fresnel scale due to its low temporal resolution. This study investigates the efficacy of using 1‐s sampling intervals of multi‐GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BDS) data for monitoring ionospheric perturbations, comparing it to the conventional 30‐s sampling approach. Using real‐time multi‐GNSS observations in China, we computed ROTI values at both 1‐s (1s‐ROTI) and 30‐s (30s‐ROTI) intervals. Results indicate that 1s‐ROTI demonstrates higher magnitude and larger inconsistency across different GNSS constellations compared to 30s‐ROTI, with peak 1s‐ROTI values reaching 10 TECU/min and a maximum discrepancy of 1.0 TECU/min between different GNSS constellations. The inconsistency in 1s‐ROTI was found to correlate with different receivers types (e.g., Septentrio, Unicore, Trimble and Leica). Additionally, 1s‐ROTI exhibits better consistency and higher correlation with scintillation indices from Ionospheric Scintillation Monitoring Receivers (ISMR), with overall correlation coefficient exceeding 0.85 for all systems except for GLONASS. To mitigate inconsistencies in 1s‐ROTI, we propose different GNSS‐ROTI indices, with ROTImean and ROTIele showing the best performance in terms of correlation with scintillation indices and reflecting GNSS positioning performance degradation. The potential of 1s‐ROTI is highlighted for improving small‐scale ionospheric irregularities monitoring and indicating the GNSS positioning performance, especially in regions lacking ISMR.
Multi‐Stage Uplift and Propagation of the Chinese East Tianshan During the Cenozoic
Authors: Jing Hulu , Wang Weitao , Zhang Peizhen , Wang Ying , Pang Jianzhang , Zhang Yipeng , Li Zhigang , Yan Yonggang , Zhang Huiping , Zheng Dewen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe ongoing India‐Asia convergence during the Cenozoic drove intensively compressional deformation in the northern margins of the Tibetan Plateau, such as Tianshan, which formed the highest mountain peaks and lowest intermontane basins in the Central Asia. Understanding the spatial‐temporal evolution of the Tianshan and its marginal fold‐thrust belts (FTB) are crucial for interpreting intracontinental deformation processes related to the India‐Asia collision. In this work, low‐temperature thermochronology data and growth strata analysis are integrated to constrain chronologically the onset of deformation of the structures in FTB (Belt I, II, and the Huoyanshan Anticline) along the southern front of the Chinese East Tianshan (CETS), and then to underpin the Cenozoic deformational model of the CETS. We propose a three‐stage expansion model to reveal the processes by which the southern thrust belts in the CETS have extended into the Turpan Basin since the Oligocene. Stage 1: thrusting of the South Bogda Fault since ∼30 Ma, which caused the initial uplift of the CETS; Stage 2: deformation expanded southward to the Tarlang River region at ∼20 Ma; Stage 3: the thrust belts propagated southward in a thin‐skinned structural style to the Huoyanshan Anticline in the central part of the Turpan Basin since ∼10 Ma. The progressive propagation of FTB in the southern piedmont of the CETS could have responded to multi‐stage uplift of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic.
In vivo surface-enhanced Raman scattering techniques: nanoprobes, instrumentation, and applications
Authors: Chang Hyejin , Hur Won , Kang Homan , Jun Bong-Hyun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a powerful tool in various biomedical applications, including in vivo imaging, diagnostics, and therapy, largely due to the development of near-infrared (NIR) active SERS substrates. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SERS-based applications in vivo, focusing on key aspects such as the design considerations for SERS nanoprobes and advancements in instrumentation. Topics covered include the development of NIR SERS substrates, Raman label compounds (RLCs), protective coatings, and the conjugation of bioligands for targeted imaging and therapy. The review also discusses microscope-based configurations such as scanning, widefield imaging, and fiber-optic setups. Recent advances in using SERS nanoprobes for in vivo sensing, diagnostics, biomolecule screening, multiplex imaging, intraoperative guidance, and multifunctional cancer therapy are highlighted. The review concludes by addressing challenges in the clinical translation of SERS nanoprobes and outlines future directions, emphasizing opportunities for advancing biomedical research and clinical applications.
All-optical superconducting qubit readout
Authors: Arnold Georg , Werner Thomas , Sahu Rishabh , Kapoor Lucky N. , Qiu Liu , Fink Johannes M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rapid development of superconducting quantum hardware is expected to run into substantial restrictions on scalability because error correction in a cryogenic environment has stringent input–output requirements. Classical data centres rely on fibre-optic interconnects to remove similar networking bottlenecks. In the same spirit, ultracold electro-optic links have been proposed and used to generate qubit control signals, or to replace cryogenic readout electronics. So far, these approaches have suffered from either low efficiency, low bandwidth or additional noise. Here we realize radio-over-fibre qubit readout at millikelvin temperatures. We use one device to simultaneously perform upconversion and downconversion between microwave and optical frequencies and so do not require any active or passive cryogenic microwave equipment. We demonstrate all-optical single-shot readout in a circulator-free readout scheme. Importantly, we do not observe any direct radiation impact on the qubit state, despite the absence of shielding elements. This compatibility between superconducting circuits and telecom-wavelength light is not only a prerequisite to establish modular quantum networks, but it is also relevant for multiplexed readout of superconducting photon detectors and classical superconducting logic.
Vibrotactile stimulus duration threshold for perception of pulse to vibration transition
Authors: Remache-Vinueza Byron , Trujillo-León Andrés , Vidal-Verdú Fernando 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the minimum stimulus duration required to perceive the transition from pulse to vibration sensations, a critical parameter for optimizing information transmission via haptic interfaces such as smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, game consoles, and sensory substitution systems. Efficient transmission relies on minimizing stimulus duration, enabling more information to be conveyed in less time. A preliminary experiment established intensity perception thresholds—the minimum vibration intensities detectable—at 40, 80, 150, 250, 300, and 590 Hz, frequencies primarily activating the Pacinian (Rapid Adapting II) psychophysical channel. Subsequently, 35 participants determined the minimum durations needed to perceive the transition from pulse to vibration sensations across this frequency range. Results revealed a consistent minimum duration of approximately 30 ms, contrasting with findings in audition, where shorter durations suffice at higher frequencies, but aligning with prior studies in tactile perception.
Repeat expansion in a fragile X model is independent of double strand break repair mediated by Pol θ, RAD52, RAD54 or RAD54B
Authors: Hayward Bruce E. , Kim Geum-Yi , Miller Carson J. , McCann Cai , Lowery Megan G. , Wood Richard D. , Usdin Karen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Microsatellite instability is responsible for the human repeat expansion diseases (REDs). The mutagenic process differs from classical cancer-associated microsatellite instability (MSI) in that it requires the mismatch repair proteins that normally protect against MSI. LIG4, an enzyme essential for non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), the major pathway for double-strand break repair (DSBR) in mammalian cells, protects against expansion in mouse models. Thus, NHEJ may compete with the expansion pathway for access to a common intermediate. This raises the possibility that expansion involves an NHEJ-independent form of DSBR. Pol θ, a polymerase involved in the theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ) DSBR pathway, has been proposed to play a role in repeat expansion. Here we examine the effect of the loss of Pol θ on expansion in FXD mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), along with the effects of mutations in Rad52, Rad54l and Rad54b, genes important for multiple DSBR pathways. None of these mutations significantly affected repeat expansion. These observations put major constraints on what pathways are likely to drive expansion. Together with our previous demonstration of the protective effect of nucleases like EXO1 and FAN1, and the importance of Pol β, they suggest a plausible model for late steps in the expansion process.
Comparative analysis and process optimization for manufacturing CAR-T using the PiggyBac system derived from cryopreserved versus fresh PBMCs
Authors: Xu Zenghui , Wang Ruyue , Xu Yuanjian , Qiu Ruijuan , Chen Jiangrui , Liu Linfeng , Qian Qijun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapy holds promise for cancer treatment but faces challenges with using fresh patient cells, including manufacturing failures and logistical hurdles. Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) offer a potential solution, and while lentiviral processes have been reported for generating CAR-T from these cells, few studies have demonstrated successful PiggyBac electroporation methods. Therefore, the objectives of our study were twofold: Firstly, to conduct a comparative study on cryopreserved PBMCs, fresh PBMCs, and their respective preparations of CAR-T. Secondly, to establish a PiggyBac electroporation CAR-T preparation process using cryopreserved PBMCs through process optimization. The results revealed that long-term frozen PBMCs viability in a relatively stable manner. CAR-T generated from cryopreserved PBMCs exhibited comparable expansion potential, cell phenotype, differentiation profiles, exhaustion markers, and cytotoxicity against human ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV-3) cells to those derived from fresh PBMCs. Moreover, through process optimization, we further enhanced the proliferation and toxicity of CAR-T. This approach has the potential to revolutionize the CAR-T production model by utilizing healthy donor cells instead of patient cells. This shift could mitigate issues affecting treatment efficacy, such as suboptimal cell condition following illness or delays in cell preparation.
A polyketide-based biosynthetic platform for diols, amino alcohols and hydroxy acids
Authors: Dan Qingyun , Chiu Yan , Lee Namil , Pereira Jose Henrique , Rad Behzad , Zhao Xixi , Deng Kai , Rong Yiou , Zhan Chunjun , Chen Yan , Cheong Seokjung , Li Chenyi , Gin Jennifer W. , Rodrigues Andria , Northen Trent R. , Backman Tyler W. H. , Baidoo Edward E. K. , Petzold Christopher J. , Adams Paul D. , Keasling Jay D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Medium- and branched-chain diols and amino alcohols are important industrial solvents, polymer building blocks, cosmetics and pharmaceutical ingredients, yet biosynthetically challenging to produce. Here we present an approach that uses a modular polyketide synthase (PKS) platform for the efficient production of these compounds. This platform takes advantage of a versatile loading module from the rimocidin PKS and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent terminal thioreductases. Reduction of the terminal aldehyde with alcohol dehydrogenases enables the production of diols, oxidation enables the production of hydroxy acids and specific transaminases allow the production of various amino alcohols. Furthermore, replacement of the malonyl-coenzyme A-specific acyltransferase in the extension module with methyl- or ethylmalonyl-coenzyme A-specific acyltransferase enables the production of branched-chain diols, amino alcohols and carboxylic acids in high titres. Use of our PKS platform in Streptomyces albus demonstrated the high tunability and efficiency of the platform.
Coinfection with chikungunya and Zika results in mild disease and distinct inflammatory response
Authors: Alves Juliana Cardoso , Magalhães Lucas Sousa , dos Santos Priscila Lima , de Lucena Couto Ócea Regina Adalva , Debbo Alejandra , de Carvalho Jaira Vanessa , Teixeira Mauro Martins , Mahalingam Suresh , de Jesus Amelia Ribeiro , da Silva Angela Maria , de Almeida Roque Pacheco , Santos Camilla Natália Oliveira 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, both mosquito-borne, often circulate simultaneously, raising concerns about the effects of coinfection. This study evaluated cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in 12 patients with concurrent CHIKV and ZIKV infections confirmed by RT-qPCR. Clinical data and 45 immune mediators were analyzed. Coinfected and monoinfected patients exhibited similar symptoms, although ZIKV-infected individuals experienced fewer instances of fever. No patients had persistent symptoms or required hospitalization. Chemokines CCL5, CXCL1, and CXCL10 were elevated across all groups. CHIKV-infected patients showed higher levels of CCL2, CCL4, EGF, CXCL12, and IFN-α compared to controls, while IL-1RA, IL-8, and IFN-γ were elevated in both CHIKV and coinfected groups. SCF was elevated only in the ZIKV group. Overall, CHIKV and ZIKV coinfection presented mild clinical symptoms similar to monoinfections and demonstrated a moderate inflammatory response.
A same day α-synuclein RT-QuIC seed amplification assay for synucleinopathy biospecimens
Authors: Parveen Sabiha , Alam Parvez , Orrù Christina D. , Vascellari Sarah , Hughson Andrew G. , Zou Wen-Quan , Beach Thomas G. , Serrano Geidy E. , Goldstein David S. , Ghetti Bernardino , Cossu Giovanni , Pisano Giada , Pinna Beatrice , Caughey Byron 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and other synucleinopathies are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal, self-propagating aggregates of α-synuclein. RT-QuIC or seed amplification assays are currently showing unprecedented diagnostic sensitivities and specificities for synucleinopathies even in prodromal phases years in advance of the onset of Parkinsonian signs or dementia. However, commonly used α-synuclein seed amplification assays take ≥48 h to perform as applied to patients’ diagnostic biospecimens. Here, we report the development of a faster α-synuclein RT-QuIC assay that is as analytically sensitive as prior assays of this type, but can be completed in ≤12 h for brain, skin, and intestinal mucosa, with positive signals often arising in <5 h. CSF assays took a few hours longer. Our same-day α-synuclein RT-QuIC (sdRT-QuIC) assay should increase the practicality, cost-effectiveness, and throughput of measurements of pathological forms of α-synuclein for fundamental research, clinical diagnosis, and therapeutics development.
Clinician and Caregiver Perspectives on a Community-Based Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing Treatment Trial for Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Exploring Perceptions of Research and Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Thomas Donna C. , Bricker-Katz Geraldine , Murray Elizabeth , Velleman Shelley L. , Iuzzini-Seigel Jenya 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing (DTTC) is an evidence-based treatment for children with childhood apraxia of speech. In clinical practice, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) frequently use an eclectic approach incorporating aspects of DTTC, for reasons that are not well understood. This research note describes a qualitative investigation of the experiences of SLPs and caregivers who participated in protocolized research DTTC for a 24-session treatment efficacy study. Specifically, we sought to understand the perspectives of these SLPs and caregivers regarding (a) DTTC treatment, as provided during the study, and (b) participating in a treatment research study.

Method:
Four SLPs and three caregivers participated in semistructured interviews, via Zoom, 4 weeks after the treatment study. Questions explored perceptions of research DTTC treatment and experiences of participating in a research study. Data were analyzed with inductive thematic analysis using an iterative and reflective process.

Results:
One overarching main theme was identified: “Research and clinical practice: Different priorities and processes,” with five subthemes. The subthemes were (a) research DTTC is more challenging, (b) research DTTC is surprisingly effective, (c) clinical practice is preferable to research, (d) research participation leads to new learning, and (e) power differential exists between researchers and clinicians.

Conclusions:
Aspects of the research DTTC were uncomfortable for SLPs and families, despite its efficacy and what they learned from participating. SLPs perceived a schism between researchers and clinicians. More needs to be done to decrease the perceived gap between researchers and clinicians to facilitate implementation of evidence-based practice in nonresearch contexts.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28299764
Dynamic spectrum sharing based on federated learning in smart grids and power communication networks
Authors: Wang Xiaoyong , Yu Qiusheng , Lv Depin , Yang Tongtong , Wei Yongjing , Liu Lei , Zhang Pu , Zhang Yan , Zhang Wensheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAs the guaranteed basis for providing communication services, the power communication network plays a vital role in the smart grid. However, during natural disasters, wired communication networks have inherent limitations and come with substantial construction and maintenance costs, which makes it difficult to function effectively. Therefore, it is imperative to apply wireless communication to smart grids and power communication networks in emergency scenarios. To solve the problems of spectrum resource scarcity and insufficient spectrum utilization in wireless communication, the integration of cognitive radio networks (CRNs) into smart grids and power communication networks is considered, which can effectively solve the problems and promote their development. Based on the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and federated learning (FL) algorithms, this paper proposes a novel dynamic spectrum sharing framework which is applied to smart grids and power communication networks in emergency scenarios. In the proposed framework, the maximum entropy based multi‐agent actor‐critic (ME‐MAAC) algorithm is used as the local learning model, which can not only improve system performance but also help power users to choose an optimum dynamic spectrum sharing strategy. It can be seen from the simulation results that the proposed scheme has better performance in reward value, access rate, and convergence speed.
Hybrid system consisting of synchronous condenser and virtual synchronous generator for enhanced power quality in microgrid
Authors: Guo Renqi , Zhao Nan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractVirtual synchronous generator (VSG) has been widely researched and applied to converters for their grid‐forming capabilities. However, the intrinsic coupling between the active and reactive power outputs of VSGs negatively impacts the power quality delivered to the grid, particularly in microgrids. When VSG is compensating for the reactive power imbalances, the active power output will concurrently change, leading to a variation of frequency. Although existing literature proposes various improvements to decouple these power outputs, complete decoupling cannot be achieved solely by VSGs. This letter analyses the coupling mechanism and investigates a hybrid approach combining a VSG and a synchronous condenser (SC) to mitigate this effect, improving the power quality. Additionally, this study modifies the traditional reactive power control of VSGs to ensure voltage stability during transients. Test cases are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the system active and reactive power are effectively decoupled, and it maintains the frequency while regulating the grid voltage.
NewTalker: Exploring frequency domain for speech‐driven 3D facial animation with Mamba
Authors: Niu Weiran , Wang Zan , Li Yi , Lou Tangtang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the current field of speech‐driven 3D facial animation, transformer‐based methods are limited in practical applications due to their high computational complexity. A new model—NewTalker—is proposed, which has core modules consisting of the residual bidirectional Mamba (RBM) and the time–frequency domain Kolmogorov–Arnold networks (TFK). The RBM module incorporates the philosophy of Mamba, enhancing the model's predictive ability for sequence data by utilizing both past and future contextual information, thereby reducing the computational complexity. The TFK module integrates the temporal and frequency domain information of audio data through Kolmogorov–Arnold networks, allowing the model to generate 3D facial animations smoothly while learning more detailed features. Extensive experiments and user studies have shown that the proposed NewTalker significantly surpasses current mainstream algorithms in terms of animation quality and inference speed, achieving the state‐of‐the‐art level in this domain.