bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients aged 80 years and older
Authors:   Finnish Arterial Disease Investigators, Biancari F , Venermo M 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
Open repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA) in patients aged 80 years and older may be questioned owing to the patients' high operative risk and short life expectancy.

Methods
Data on patients aged at least 80 years, admitted for RAAA at four Finnish university hospitals, were collected and analysed retrospectively.

Results
Three hundred and ten consecutive patients aged 80 years and older with RAAA reached hospital alive; 200 (64·5 per cent) underwent open repair. The number of open repairs increased during the last 5 years (49·0 per cent of the whole series), with no significant increase in the number of patients treated conservatively. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 72·9 per cent. The operative mortality rate was 59·0 per cent and decreased from 66 to 52 per cent during the last 5 years (P = 0·050). On multivariable analysis, shock was the only independent predictor of immediate postoperative death (odds ratio 4·97, 95 per cent confidence interval 2·09 to 7·94; P &lt; 0·001). Classification and regression tree analysis showed that preoperative haemoglobin level and presence of shock were predictive of immediate postoperative death; 19 (95 per cent) of 20 patients with shock and a haemoglobin level below 68 g/l died immediately after surgery. Among the 82 survivors of surgery, survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 90, 68 and 45 per cent respectively. These values were not significantly different from those of the age-, sex- and year-matched general population (P = 0·885).

Conclusion
Survival after open repair of RAAA among patients aged 80 years and older is sufficient to justify the procedure, particularly in patients in a stable haemodynamic condition.
Analysis of in vitro oxidized human LDL phospholipids by solid‐phase extraction and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography
Authors: Yang Ying‐Ling , Chong Chin‐Pong , Tsai Ming‐Hua , Liu Mine‐Yine 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTPhospholipids of in vitro oxidized human low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) were separated by two different solid‐phase extraction (SPE) methods. One of the two methods was designed to test the effects of gradient elution. This SPE method isolated more phospholipids from in vitro oxidized LDL than the other one according to the results of liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC ESI‐MS) analysis. A micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) method was also used to analyze phospholipids separated by SPE. The results of MEKC and LC ESI‐MS were consistent for the major phospholipid classes, including PC, lysoPC, PE, PI and PS. The MEKC profiles showed significant differences for native and oxidized LDL phospholipids. Therefore, the unique combination of SPE and MEKC methods showed dramatic distinctions between native and in vitro oxidized human LDL phospholipids. The combination also shows great potential for rapid analysis of in vivo oxidized human LDL phospholipids in the future. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meaning of Social Inclusion to Young People Not in Employment, Education or Training
Authors: Rose Helena , Daiches Anna , Potier Jo 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe ‘social inclusion’ of young people, particularly those who are ‘not in education, employment or training’, is a contemporary concern in policy discourses. However, it has been argued that the term ‘social inclusion’ is defined by adults and imposed on young people, and there is little understanding of what ‘social inclusion’ means to young people themselves. Using a participatory methodology, this study investigated what ‘being included’ meant to young people. A qualitative approach with a thematic analysis was used to explore the accounts of 11 participants and yielded three main themes. ‘“Acceptance”—the building blocks of inclusion’ reflected the power of interpersonal acceptance in determining young people's sense of inclusion. ‘“Learning why I don't matter”—when power and discourse shape inclusion’ illustrated how social discourses and power dynamics influenced young people's experience of inclusion. ‘“Keeping up or falling behind”—internalising the discourse of inclusion’ reflected how young people internalised some of these societal definitions of inclusion and responded to them. Those who felt ‘accepted’ or ‘included’ in a ‘mainstream’ sense articulated a sense of agency and hope. For those who did not, it appeared that agency dissolved as did a sense of hope for the future. Although the participants negotiated their ‘inclusion’ through close, trusting relationships with others, the application of the societal discourses of inclusion such as productivity, independence and career mindedness had the potential to leave them feeling excluded, isolated and distressed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Trinuclear Copper(II) Cryptate and Its μ3‐CO3 Cascade Complex: Thermodynamics, Structural and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Mateus Pedro , Delgado Rita , Lloret Francesc , Cano Joan , Brandão Paula , Félix Vítor 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe 2,4,6‐triethylbenzene‐capped hexaamine macrobicycle with pyridyl spacers (pyr) was able to coordinate three copper(II) ions within its cavity. Potentiometric studies performed at 298.2 K in MeOH/H2O (50:50 v/v) and at ionic strength 0.10 mol dm−3 in KNO3 revealed that trinuclear species predominate in solution from pH 5.0, the hydroxo complexes being the main species, which start forming at unusual very low pH values. The single‐crystal X‐ray determination of the trinuclear complex showed that the three copper centres have square‐planar geometry, arranged in an almost equilateral triangle, and have carbonate bridging the three metal centres. The presence of carbonate resulted from fixation of atmospheric CO2. The present study represents the first μ3‐CO3‐bridged trinuclear copper(II) complex located in the interior of a macrobicyclic cavity. The magnetic data of [Cu3(pyr)(μ3‐CO3)]⋅(ClO4)4 showed ferromagnetic intramolecular interactions [J=3.80 cm−1, based on the Hamiltonian H=−J(S1S2+S2S3+S1S3)] yielding a spin quartet, S=3/2, ground state. Density functional calculations on the experimental geometry of the trinuclear complex showed that the ferromagnetic nature of the magnetic coupling can be attributed to the syn–anti conformation of the carbonato bridge, and a magneto‐structural correlation, based on the different conformations (syn–anti, syn–syn and anti–anti), is presented. The interesting properties observed, namely the lowering of the pKa of coordinated water molecules to unusual values and the good fit of the carbonate anion between the copper centres, derive from the special architecture of pyr.
Phase Behavior of Mixtures of Propene and Isotactic Polypropene under High Pressure
Authors: Ruhl Oliver , Luft Gerhard 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDa nur wenige Daten über das Phasenverhalten von Mischungen aus Propen und Polypropen unter industriellen Polymerisationsbedingungen vorliegen, wurden Untersuchungen mit isotaktischen Polypropenen durchgeführt, die bei gleicher Dichte und ähnlicher Polydispersität stark unterschiedliche gewichtsmittlere Molmassen aufweisen. Es wurden die Trübungsdrücke in Abhängigkeit von der Polymermolmasse, dem Polymeranteil in der Mischung und der Temperatur gemessen. Diese sind wesentlich niedriger als die vergleichbarer Mischungen aus Ethen und Low‐Density‐Polyethenen oder Ethen/Vinylacetat und Ethen/Vinylacetat‐Copolymeren.
Enhanced IL‐10 production by CD4+ T cells primed in IL‐15Rα‐deficient mice
Authors: Chow Kai‐Ping N. , Lee Jan‐Mou , Qiu Jian‐Tai , Liao Shuen‐Kuei , Lin Shih‐Chieh , Hsu Shuo‐Lun , Wu Ning‐Ning , Lin Yen‐Fu , Wu Tzong‐Shoon 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the functional outcomes of CD4+ T cells primed in the absence of IL‐15 transpresentation. Compared with their WT counterparts primed in WT mice, IL‐15Rα KO CD4+ T cells primed in KO mice were found to exclusively overproduce IL‐10 upon in vitro restimulation. The comparable expression of IL‐4 and Foxp3 in CD4+ T cells primed in the WT and IL‐15Rα KO mice indicated that this was neither due to TH2‐ nor Treg cell‐differentiation. IL‐10 overproduction was also observed when OVA‐specific TCR transgenic CD4+ T (OT‐II) cells were primed in KO mice, excluding an intrinsic deficiency of KO CD4+ T cells. To investigate the WT and KO microenvironment, DCs from both WT and IL‐15Rα KO mice were compared. DCs from both backgrounds were indistinguishable in their steady‐state survival and in their expression of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and CD40. However, IL‐15Rα KO DCs primed OT‐II cells in vitro to produce higher levels of IL‐10 upon their restimulation. Additionally, IL‐15Rα KO DCs produced significantly more IL‐10 upon activation, and IL‐10 neutralization during DC‐mediated in vitro priming abolished IL‐10 overproduction by CD4+ T cells. Thus, IL‐15Rα KO DCs provide an IL‐10‐enriched environment that preferentially primes CD4+ T cells for more IL‐10 production, highlighting a regulatory role for IL‐15 transpresentation in CD4+ T‐cell priming.
5,15‐A2B2‐ and 5,15‐A2BC‐Type Porphyrins with Donor and Acceptor Groups for Use in Nonlinear Optics and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Senge Mathias O. , Fazekas Marijana , Pintea Monica , Zawadzka Monika , Blau Werner J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDevelopment of efficient new synthetic strategies leading to more diversified substitution patterns of porphyrin rings is of great importance as it expands the potential applicability of these compounds and provides a more accurate way of tailoring their properties for a specific application. Changes in the electronic and conformational structures induced by different substituents are manifested by unique properties which are of interest for many applications ranging from amphiphilic porphyrins for photodynamic therapy, push–pull systems for optical applications, chiral systems useful in catalysis, to donor–acceptor systems suitable for electron transfer studies. Different chemical strategies were demonstrated for access to unsymetrically substituted porphyrins with nonequivalent β or meso substituents. For the latter we have adopted the functionalization of preformed porphyrins in order to obtain a diverse range of porphyrin structures with 5,15‐A2B2 and 5,15‐A2BC meso substitution patterns suitable for applications in optical limiting and photodynamic therapy. The functionalization of A2‐type starting materials by organolithium and palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions is an efficient means to enable the introduction of almost any desired meso substituent. We report the nonlinear absorptive properties of our A2B2 and A2BC porphyrins and show that there is strong correlation between structural features and the optical limiting efficiency. The nonlinear optical studies indicate that the 5,15‐A2B2 substitution pattern provides more promising candidates for use in optical limiting.
When a new group identity does harm on the spot: Stereotype threat in newly created groups
Authors: Martiny Sarah E. , Roth Jenny , Jelenec Petra , Steffens Melanie C. , Croizet Jean‐Claude 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe detrimental consequences of negative stereotypes on performance have been demonstrated in a variety of social groups with various stereotypes. The present studies investigate the minimal conditions for stereotype threat using newly created groups. Results of three experiments (total N = 184) demonstrate that in the negative stereotype condition, the more participants identified with their novel group, the stronger was their decrease in performance. In the control condition, identification was either not related to performance, or it had by trend a positive effect. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed with regard to stereotype threat and social identity theory. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An integrated microfluidic culture device to regulate endothelial cell differentiation from embryonic stem cells
Authors: Lee Jong Min , Kim Ji‐eun , Kang Edward , Lee Sang‐Hoon , Chung Bong Geun 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe developed an integrated microfluidic culture device to regulate embryonic stem (ES) cell fate. The integrated microfluidic culture device consists of an air control channel and a fluidic channel with 4×4 micropillar arrays. We hypothesized that the microscale posts within the micropillar arrays would enable the control of uniform cell docking and shear stress profiles. We demonstrated that ES cells cultured for 6 days in the integrated microfluidic culture device differentiated into endothelial cells. Therefore, our integrated microfluidic culture device is a potentially powerful tool for directing ES cell fate.
Identifying the causes of oil sands coke leachate toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Authors: Puttaswamy Naveen , Liber Karsten 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
A previous study found that coke leachates (CL) collected from oil sands field sites were acutely toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia; however, the cause of toxicity was not known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to generate CL in the laboratory to evaluate the toxicity response of C. dubia and perform chronic toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) tests to identify the causes of CL toxicity. Coke was subjected to a 15-d batch leaching process at pH 5.5 and 9.5. Leachates were filtered on day 15 and used for chemical and toxicological characterization. The 7-d median lethal concentration (LC50) was 6.3 and 28.7% (v/v) for pH 5.5 and 9.5 CLs, respectively. Trace element characterization of the CLs showed Ni and V levels to be well above their respective 7-d LC50s for C. dubia. Addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved survival and reproduction in pH 5.5 CL, but not in pH 9.5 CL. Cationic and anionic resins removed toxicity of pH 5.5 CL only. Conversely, the toxicity of pH 9.5 CL was completely removed with an anion resin alone, suggesting that the pH 9.5 CL contained metals that formed oxyanions. Toxicity reappeared when Ni and V were added back to anion resin-treated CLs. The TIE results combined with the trace element chemistry suggest that both Ni and V are the cause of toxicity in pH 5.5 CL, whereas V appears to be the primary cause of toxicity in pH 9.5 CL. Environmental monitoring and risk assessments should therefore focus on the fate and toxicity of metals, especially Ni and V, in coke-amended oil sands reclamation landscapes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2576–2585. © 2011 SETAC
Surveillance of women at increased risk of breast cancer using mammography and clinical breast examination: Further evidence of benefit
Authors: Maurice Andrew , Evans D. Gareth , Affen Jenny , Greenhalgh Rosemary , Duffy Stephen W. , Howell Anthony 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWomen with a significant family history of breast cancer are generally offered early surveillance by mammography and often clinical breast examination (CBE). The evidence base for surveillance has been questioned. We reviewed its effectiveness in terms of tumour size, lymph node status and survival in 7,475 women seen over a 22‐year period in the Manchester Family History Clinic. We diagnosed 139 invasive and 26 in situ breast cancers. Seventy‐six percent of the invasive cancers were screen detected, 65% node negative and 71% <2cm in diameter at diagnosis. Twenty‐one tumours were BRCA1 positive and were significantly more likely to be grade 3, ER/PR negative (p < 0.0001) and have a poorer survival. CBE contributed to 30% of cancer diagnoses and was responsible for discovery of nine mammographically occult tumours. The cost per quality life year was estimated at £13,080 for tumours detected by CBE and not by mammography. We conclude that screening by annual mammography and CBE between age 35–50 years and 18 monthly from 50 to 60 years may diagnose breast cancer in a less advanced state in terms of size and node status compared with symptomatic cancers and, apart from BRCA1 carriers, is likely to contribute to improved long‐term outcome compared with no surveillance.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 influences cellular homocysteine levels in murine preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells by direct regulation of cystathionine β-synthase
Authors: Kriebitzsch Carsten , Verlinden Lieve , Eelen Guy , van Schoor Natasja M , Swart Karin , Lips Paul , Meyer Mark B , Pike J Wesley , Boonen Steven , Carlberg Carsten , Vitvitsky Victor , Bouillon Roger , Banerjee Ruma , Verstuyf Annemieke 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
High homocysteine (HCY) levels are a risk factor for osteoporotic fracture. Furthermore, bone quality and strength are compromised by elevated HCY owing to its negative impact on collagen maturation. HCY is cleared by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), the first enzyme in the transsulfuration pathway. CBS converts HCY to cystathionine, thereby committing it to cysteine synthesis. A microarray experiment on MC3T3-E1 murine preosteoblasts treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] revealed a cluster of genes including the cbs gene, of which the transcription was rapidly and strongly induced by 1,25(OH)2D3. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed higher levels of cbs mRNA and protein after 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment in murine and human cells. Moreover, measurement of CBS enzyme activity and quantitative measurements of HCY, cystathionine, and cysteine concentrations were consistent with elevated transsulfuration activity in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated cells. The importance of a functional vitamin D receptor (VDR) for transcriptional regulation of cbs was shown in primary murine VDR knockout osteoblasts, in which upregulation of cbs in response to 1,25(OH)2D3 was abolished. Chromatin immunoprecipitation on chip and transfection studies revealed a functional vitamin D response element in the second intron of cbs. To further explore the potential clinical relevance of our ex vivo findings, human data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam suggested a correlation between vitamin D status [25(OH)D3 levels] and HCY levels. In conclusion, this study showed that cbs is a primary 1,25(OH)2D3 target gene which renders HCY metabolism responsive to 1,25(OH)2D3. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Crucial role of the cryptic epitope SLAYGLR within osteopontin in renal crystal formation of mice
Authors: Hamamoto Shuzo , Yasui Takahiro , Okada Atsushi , Hirose Masahito , Matsui Yutaka , Kon Shigeyuki , Sakai Fumihiko , Kojima Yoshiyuki , Hayashi Yutaro , Tozawa Keiichi , Uede Toshimitsu , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Osteopontin plays a crucial role in the formation of renal calcium crystals, which are primarily induced by renal tubular cell injury, especially mitochondrial damage. We have previously shown that the impaired Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence of osteopontin inhibits renal crystal formation by using OPN-transgenic mice and OPN-knockout (OPN-KO) mice. Here, we investigated the effects of an antimurine osteopontin antibody (35B6-Ab) that specifically reacts with the 162SLAYGLR168 sequence, which is exposed by thrombin cleavage and is located adjacent to the RGD sequence, on renal crystal formation.
Renal crystals induced by daily administration of glyoxylate over 9 days (from days 1 to 9) in a murine model were sporadically detected in the renal tubular cells at the corticomedullary junction, where thrombin-cleaved osteopontin expression was also coincidentally detected. On days 0, 3, 6, and 9, 35B6-Ab administration inhibited renal crystal formation and induced significant morphological changes in a dose-dependent manner (250, 500, and 1000 µg per mouse). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the crystals in 35B6-Ab–treated mice were aberrantly formed and their density was low; in contrast, the crystals in untreated mice that were not administered 35B6-Ab had a radial pattern of growth (rosette petal–like crystals), and their density was high. Microstructure analysis of renal tubular cells by transmission electron microscopy revealed that untreated mice showed collapsed mitochondria in the flattened cytoplasm of renal tubular cells, unlike the corresponding structures in 35B6-Ab–treated mice, in which renal tubular cell injury was inhibited. In vitro, 35B6-Ab was found to inhibit the attachment of 14C-labeled crystals to renal tubular culture cells and reduce morphological damage to these cells.
We conclude that thrombin-cleaved osteopontin plays an important role in formation of renal calcium crystals and that 35B6-Ab contributes to the remarkable inhibition of early-stage renal crystal formation by preventing renal tubular cell injury and crystal-cell attachment. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β is critical for Interferon‐α‐induced serotonin uptake in human Jurkat T cells
Authors: Tsao Chiung‐Wen , Lin Chiou‐Feng , Wu Hung‐Tsung , Ma Ching‐Ting , Huang Wei‐Ching , Hsieh Chia‐Yuan , Choi Pui‐Ching , Young Kung‐Chia 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDysregulation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β contributes to the pathophysiology of mood disorders. However, how its regulation is responsible for the functioning of serotonin (5‐HT) requires further investigation. Although enhancement of T‐cell function may present an alternative strategy to treat depression, the precise mechanisms have yet to be established. Our previous studies have found that interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α) up‐regulates serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) expression and induces 5‐HT uptake in T cells. The present study is to examine GSK‐3β regulation on IFN‐α‐induced 5‐HTT functions. GSK‐3β short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or GSK‐3β inhibitors decreased IFN‐α‐induced 5‐HT uptake and 5‐HTT expression. Src activation and calcium/calcium‐activated calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) were involved in IFN‐α‐induced phosphorylation of proline‐rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) (Tyr402) and GSK‐3β (Tyr216), which regulated 5‐HT uptake. GSK‐3β knockdown blocked the IFN‐α‐induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) and signal transducer and transactivator (STAT) 1. In addition to inhibiting ERK, a selective 5‐HTT inhibitor fluoxetine blocked IFN‐α‐induced activations of Src, CaMKII‐regulated Pyk2/GSK‐3β cascade, as well as STAT1 activation and translocation. These results indicated that calcium/CaMKII‐ and Src‐regulated Pyk2 participated in IFN‐α‐induced GSK‐3β activation and GSK‐3β‐regulated 5‐HT uptake. GSK‐3β signaling facilitated IFN‐α‐activated STAT1 by regulating ERK1/2, which controlled 5‐HT uptake. Fluoxetine interfered with the Pyk2/GSK‐3β cascade, thereby inhibiting IFN‐α‐induced 5‐HT uptake. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2556–2566, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.