bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les bons comptes ne font pas l’égalité. Le partage des rémunérations en maisons de santé
Authors: Morize Noémie 
Published: May 2024

Dans un secteur de la santé historiquement caractérisé par des hiérarchies professionnelles et de genre, des professionnel·les de maisons de santé pluriprofessionnelles promeuvent cependant une égalité entre groupes professionnels. Celle-ci s’incarne, entre autres, dans le partage de financements publics. Ce dernier participe-t-il à transformer localement les hiérarchies entre groupes professionnels et les inégalités de genre ? Cette enquête qualitative s’appuie sur des observations de réunions entre professionnel·les de santé et pouvoirs publics autour de l’allocation de financements, ainsi que sur 64 entretiens semi-directifs réalisés dans trois maisons de santé. En s’inscrivant dans la sociologie des rémunérations, cet article analyse les transformations des hiérarchies professionnelles et des rapports de genre, montrant une tension entre la mise en place de barèmes de rémunération égalitaires dans des temps collectifs qui restent marginaux et le maintien de rémunérations hiérarchisées dans le travail de soin.
Enjeux et réalités de l’éducation au développement durable en Suisse romande
Authors: Lausselet Nadia , Pache Alain , Hertig Philippe 
Published: May 2024

Le Plan d’études romand (PER) définit les grandes orientations de la scolarité obligatoire en Suisse francophone et fait de l’éducation en vue d’un développement durable (EDD) l’une de ses finalités centrales, en affirmant notamment qu’elle « teinte l’ensemble du projet de formation ». La Suisse étant un État fédéraliste, l’autonomie cantonale reste considérable dans la mise en œuvre du PER, ce qui conduit à des inscriptions curriculaires de l’EDD assez différentes d’un canton à l’autre. Après l’analyse des finalités prescrites et des formes curriculaires, l’article se focalise sur les constats tirés de recherches portant sur les pratiques de l’EDD au primaire et au secondaire ainsi que sur des enquêtes menées auprès d’enseignants en formation ou déjà titularisés et de membres de direction, avant d’évoquer les dispositifs de formation mis en place dans le canton de Vaud et de conclure sur quelques enjeux de formation des enseignants.
Évaluer le contenu des notifications d’alerte diffusées en France via FR-Alert® : enjeux scientifiques et retombées opérationnelles
Authors: Douvinet Johnny , Rakoto Miangaly , Grancher Delphine , Daudé Eric , Moutard Romain 
Published: May 2024

En France, depuis juin 2022, les autorités préfectorales ont la possibilité d’envoyer une notification d’alerte sur les téléphones portables des individus situés dans une zone de danger, depuis une plateforme appelée FR-Alert®. Si de nombreux travaux montrent que ce message doit être clair, précis et formulé avec des mots simples, pour être compris par le plus grand nombre, aucune étude n’avait toutefois été menée pour analyser le contenu de messages réellement diffusés et le comparer à l’état des connaissances scientifiques et opérationnelles. Pour combler ce manque, une grille d’analyse a été appliquée sur 100 notifications d’exercices et 29 alertes réelles, envoyées entre mai 2022 et février 2024. Cette grille liste la fréquence des éléments présents (pour calculer un score) et permet la comparaison entre toutes les notifications. Parmi les résultats, on note que : 1) la plupart des notifications ont suivi les préconisations (69% incluent au moins 50% des attendus) ; 2) des messages s’écartent des préconisations et soulèvent des questions sur leur appréhension par les publics visés ; 3) la temporalité de l’événement (heure de début) et l’insertion d’un lien internet pour certifier le statut de l’émetteur ont très souvent été oubliés. La démultiplication des exercices, l’utilisation répété par certaines préfectures ou l’envoi d’alertes réelles n’induisent toutefois pas d’évolution dans les scores, ce qui amène à questionner le transfert des connaissances vers les acteurs opérationnels et à imaginer différentes pistes d’évolution pour la plateforme FR-Alert®.
L’ubérisation des activités productives : un nouveau défi pour les politiques publiques d’aménagement
Authors: Heitz Adeline 
Published: May 2024

Cet article propose d’investiguer les conséquences spatiales de l’ubérisation des activités productives. Il se concentre sur deux secteurs spécifiques, la construction et la livraison qui relèvent du secteur productif. Ces activités sont particulièrement concernées par un phénomène d’ubérisation qui se traduit par le développement des plateformes numériques et la croissance en nombre des autoentrepreneurs dans ces secteurs. L’analyse de la localisation à l’échelle régionale (Ile-de-France) et à l’échelle urbaine (EPT Plaine Commune) des autoentrepreneurs du secteur de la livraison et de la construction nous renseigne sur 1) l’ubérisation des territoires populaires ; 2) la résidentialisation des fonctions productives. Cette dernière est à rebours des pratiques plus traditionnelles de l’aménagement des activités productives qui font la part belle aux zones d’activités économiques et révèle paradoxalement une autre forme de mixité fonctionnelle.
Onychoscopy of Nail Lesions in Dermatological Disorders
Authors: Sutaria Aashna , Pol Devayani , Dalave Kalyan , Deora Mahendra S. , Sharma Yugal K. , Shah Chintal H. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Nail disorders account for about 10% of all dermatological conditions. Onychoscopy is useful not only for their diagnosis but also for assessing severity/progression and monitoring the response to therapy.

Aims and Objectives:
Describing dermoscopic features of nail disorders in patients reporting to the dermatology OPD of our tertiary care hospital and recording the sociodemographic profiles thereof.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 176 patients with effect from August 2019 to August 2021.

Results:
Males (99; 56.25%) outnumbered females (77; 43.75%); males: female: 1.28: 1; their mean age was 35.8 years. Fingernails were affected more oftener (84.09%) than toenails (38.64%). Onychomycosis, the commonest (58;32.95%) condition, revealed findings of aurora borealis pattern (75.86%), subungual hyperkeratosis (72.41%), and onycholysis with jagged edges and spikes (68.97%). The next frequent (32;18.18%) condition was nail psoriasis which revealed pits (81.25%); onycholysis (62.5%) and dilated globose nail fold vessels on capillaroscopy (25%).

Limitations:
The small sample size proved inadequate for the evaluation of statistical significance in the less common conditions and the correlation of disease severity of many. Ideally, confirmatory diagnostic tests should have been done in every patient, as indicated. The magnification of our dermoscopy was 10X; 20- and 40X permit better capillaroscopy.

Conclusions:
Onychocopy can minimize the need for biopsy by highlighting subtle changes and helps narrow down the differentials. It is potentially a diagnostic test of choice in younger children. Our study helped to grade the severity of connective tissue disorders and establish the benignity of melanonychia. Photographic documentation facilitates record-keeping.
A Cross-Sectional Study of the Levels of Cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in Blood and Skin (Lesional and Uninvolved) of Vitiligo Patients and their Possible Role as Biomarkers
Authors: De Abhishek , Choudhary Nidhi , Sil Amrita , Sarda Aarti , Hasanoor Raja Abu Hena 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Vitiligo is a multifactorial disorder, most often explained by the autoimmune hypothesis. The objective of this study is to measure the levels of cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the blood and skin (lesional and uninvolved) of vitiligo patients and to compare it with that of age-matched controls.

Methods:
IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma cytokines were measured with a BioRad 6110 ELISA reader. We compared the levels of these cytokines in generalized versus localized vitiligo and stable versus unstable vitiligo. We also correlated cytokine levels in blood/lesion/uninvolved skin with body surface area (BSA) involvement and Vitiligo Disease Activity (VIDA) scoring.

Result:
Forty-three participants, each with vitiligo and control, were analyzed. The values of TNF-α and IL 6 in sera were significantly higher in the vitiligo group compared with the controls (p < 0.001), whereas INF-γ was significantly lower in the vitiligo group than the control group. TNF-α, INF-γ levels when compared between blood, lesional skin, and normal skin in all vitiligo patients were found to be significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
We conclude vitiligo is strongly associated with increased levels of TNF-α and IL 6.
Clinicoetiological Study of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Spectrum and the Correlation of SCORTEN with Prognosis
Authors: Kanagarajan Amuthavalli , Murthy Aravind Baskar , Moni Punithavathi Kailasa , Palanivel Nirmaladevi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse reactions of major concern because of its high mortality. The prognosis of SJS and TEN is widely assessed with SCORTEN (SCORe of TEN). Although, it is a largely useful scale, the predictive ability is still variable.

Aims and Objectives:
This study was conducted to assess the clinicoetiological profile and outcome of SJS and TEN and to evaluate the validity of SCORTEN in assessing the prognosis in South Indian population.

Methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy in a Tertiary care hospital from January 2016 to June 2017. Detailed history, examination findings, treatment and SCORTEN scores were recorded. SCORTEN's accuracy in predicting the mortality was assessed on day 1, 3 and 5 of admission.

Results:
The incidence of SJS/TEN among other drug reactions was 29.5%. The most common age group affected was 30-49years (41.1%), with male preponderance (76.5%). The age range of patients was 6 and 67 years. TEN (64.7%) was the predominant spectrum followed by SJS and SJS-TEN overlap in 17.6% each. Anticonvulsants (47%) were the commonest causative drug, followed by analgesics (35%) and antibiotics (11%). The validity of SCORTEN was the same on days 1, 3, and 5. There was good agreement between the actual and predicted mortality on all three days. A mortality of 17.6% (3 cases) was recorded in this study. Three patients (17.6%) died in our study. All survivors had a score of 4 or less. The predicted mortalities were 0.417, 1.836, and 2.574 and the observed mortalities were 0, 2, and 1 in SJS, SJS-TEN overlap, and TEN respectively. Analysis of SCORTEN on a single day, either day 1, 3, or 5 was found to be as useful as the serial analysis.

Conclusion:
SCORTEN gave a significant estimation of mortality in SJS-TEN overlap patients, whereas it overestimated mortality in TEN patients. An increase in individual scores for the elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in existing SCORTEN and the inclusion of new parameters like raised liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia, and pulmonary infiltrates aided in proposing a modified SCORTEN for the South Indian population. Further studies on a larger scale, are needed to validate the modified SCORTEN proposed by us.
The Correlation between Anthropometric Variables and Muscular Strength in Patients Coinfected with Leprosy and HIV
Authors: Novais Diego Vinícius da Costa , do Nascimento Mariana Garcia Borges , Lopes Geovanna Lemos , Brito João Augusto Gomes de Souza Monteiro de , Carneiro Thomaz Xavier , Souza Givago Silva , Xavier Marília Brasil 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Peripheral nerve disease may lead to physical disability because of decreased muscle strength and/or loss of sensitivity in the dermatomes of affected peripheral nerves. Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- and leprosy-affected patients can develop neurological damage; therefore, the coinfection of these diseases presents new challenges to the health care of these patients.

Aims and Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the motor alterations of patients coinfected with HIV and leprosy and their relationship with clinical and anthropometric characteristics, compared with individuals with isolated diseases.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 90 individuals were divided equally into three groups: HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) group, leprosy group and HIV/leprosy group. All individuals underwent an evaluation of muscle strength and upper limb endurance adjusted for the Brazilian standards, a palm print pressure test using a digital dynamometer and anthropometric measurements (weight, height and skin folds).

Results:
The HIV/leprosy group had the highest mean body mass index, followed by the leprosy group and the HIV/AIDS group. Skinfolds were similar between the groups. Multiple linear regression, adjusted for sex and age, revealed the coinfection of HIV and leprosy as possible contributor to a worse prognosis of muscle function, highlighting the bilateral reduction in the levels of palm print compression strengths compared with isolated diseases (HIV and leprosy). High CD4 count and shorter antiretroviral therapy duration were associated with worse indices of muscle strength, such as gripping and resistance, in coinfected patients.

Conclusion:
Patients coinfected with HIV and leprosy exhibited greater motor damage than those with isolated diseases. Thus, motor damage may be related to the sum of the neurological manifestations of the two morbidities.
The burden of personal protective equipment and its effect on the work efficiency in health-care workers
Authors: Vaidiyanathan Bhavani , Amalanathan Sophia , Chokalingam Satish Kumar , Colbert Kumaran Ramesh , Joseph Irudhayaraj Raajesh , Kishore Prathiba 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:Personal protective equipment (PPE) has become a necessity in the COVID pandemic for containing, protecting, and preventing the spread of the virus among the health-care workers; however, there are limitations to its use due to its associated adverse effects. The objective is to determine the adverse effects of PPE and its effect on work efficiency in health-care workers.Methods:This is a single-center descriptive cross-sectional survey done among 384 health-care workers by a consecutive sampling method. A semi-structured questionnaire was sent through the Google platform and the data were analyzed using SPSS 20.Results:79.7% of study participants reported irritability and 59.9% had difficulty reading and writing during working hours in PPE, both factors had a significant association with their work efficiency (P= 0.019,P= 0.031). A feeling of being in a closed tight environment (85.7%), headache (71.95%), difficulty in drawing samples and intravenous cannulation (60.2%), and difficulty in adjusting the ventilatory settings and infusion pumps (39%) were reported by the study participants. However, these factors did not affect their work efficiency. On multivariate analysis, most health-care workers (HCWs) in the intensive care unit had more adverse effects than the others posted in other clinical areas.Conclusion:Our survey has identified several factors affecting HCWs during their working hours. These physical and cognitive adverse effects need to be alleviated to maintain a healthy, productive, and efficient work environment. We need to encourage reporting and find ways to mitigate their difficulties regarding PPE.
Comparative Evaluation of Immediate Implant Placement in Fresh Extraction Socket with and without the use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin
Authors: Vivek  , Chaudhuri Nabagata G. , Patel Shivam , Mahajan Aishwarya , Luniyal Shikha , Srivastava Sonal , Makkad Ramanpal S. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Immediate implant placement after tooth extraction has been found to be a workable and reliable treatment for tooth loss based on clinical and radiographic evaluation.

Aim:
This study was conducted for comparative evaluation of immediate implant placement in fresh extraction socket with and without the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF).

Materials and Method:
Forty sites in all were chosen, and they were split into two groups at random. Twenty of these were placed immediately with PRF (test category), while the remaining 20 were placed immediately without the use of any comparable adjunct (control group). Using cone beam computed tomography, radiographic characteristics were evaluated both at the time of implant implantation and a year later.

Results:
The crestal bone at the mesial surface was 2.74 ± 1.44 and 1.96 ± 1.41 mm at baseline and 12-month follow-up in the control group. The crestal bone at the mesial surface was 2.93 ± 1.44 and 2.57 ± 1.57 mm at baseline and 12-month follow-up in the test group.

Conclusion:
Immediate implant placement in fresh extraction socket showed better results with the use of PRF.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of autistic children in Al-Hilla city
Authors: Alshammary Ahmed Abdul-Mohsin , Aljibori Qussay Nasser , Al-Jabory Mohammed Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
An increase in the number of cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been reported around the world in the recent years, identifying the major risk factors and main associations helps increase our knowledge and planning for future studies.

Objective:
To identify the major risk factors for ASD and associated medical and psychiatric comorbidities in Al-Hilla city.

Materials and Methods:
This is a record review study done in five centers for behavioral therapy of autistic children in Al-Hilla city from January 15, 2023, to May 15, 2023, on 204 children with ASD, their ages ranged from 2 to 12 years old, full history and clinical examination was done for all children.

Results:
Out of 204 children studied, 70.58% were males and 29.4% were females with a male-to-female ratio of 2.4:1. Their ages ranged from 2 to 12 years old, and 62.7% presented between 4 and 6 years of age. About 62.7% presented with speech delay, 17.6% had a family history of similar problems, 19.6% had sleep disturbance, 41.2% had gastrointestinal problems, 13.7% had epilepsy, and 50.9% had hyperactivity.

Conclusion:
We found a higher male-to-female ratio, delayed presentation to medical attention, most children present with speech delay and most patients had associated medical and psychiatric problems.
Immunomodulatory effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens and MRSA antigens on immune response
Authors: Hadi Entidhar A , Al-Saadi Mohammad Abd-Kadhum , Madlum Kaiser N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common human invaders and causes different types of illness worldwide.

Objectives:
This study aimed to illustrate the immune response of purified human peripheral blood mononuclear cells against somatic antigens of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and to study the immunomodulatory effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens on this immune response.

Materials and Methods:
A case–control study was applied on 75 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples. This work involved five experimental groups, each group involved 15 samples. Group I involves separated PBMCs (1 × 106 cells/mL) alone as a control; group II involves PBMCs stimulated with killed somatic MRSA antigen; group III of PBMCs were stimulated with HBV vaccine only; group IV involves PBMCs pretreated with HBV vaccine for 48 h, then with killed somatic MRSA antigen; and group V involves PBMCs stimulated with mixed of killed somatic MRSA antigen and HBV vaccine. The immune response against MRSA somatic antigens was assessed by measurement of interferon-γ, interleukin-4, and interleukin-5 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.

Results:
The results indicated a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the mean value of IFN-γ in group II (125.9995 pg/mL) and III group (133.6504 pg/mL) and group IV (132.0271 pg/mL) as compared with control (group I) (49.6203 pg/mL). Also, the results showed no significant differences between control group I and group V (49.6203 and 9.6087 pg/mL). IL-4 and IL-5 concentration results revealed a significant increase in all treated groups as compared with control untreated group I.

Conclusion:
Immune response represented by regulatory cytokines against MRSA is significantly induced by somatic antigens.
The prevalence of nutritional status and obesity in adolescents in Babylon Province, Iraq
Authors: Selman Nihad Abdallah , Hussain Ashraf M A , Mera Nassar Abdalaema Abdalhadi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation that can lead to different complications.

Objectives:
However, identifying the prevalence of nutritional status and obesity in adolescents in Babylon governorate and searching for the relationship with different factors constitute the main objectives of this study.

Materials and Methods:
This study was cross-sectional study curried on 500 high school students aged between 16 and 19 years. Among them, half of them were female students. Study period was between February and June 2022; weight and height were measured to each participant to calculate body mass index (BMI) and they were requested to fill a questionnaire to identify any risk factor relation-ship.

Results:
Out of all, 14.2% were underweight, 55.4% were normal weight, 20.4% were overweight and 10% obese adolescents. There was a significant relationship between BMI from one hand and male gender, living in rural areas, high family income and soft drink (beverage consumption per week) on the other hand.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of overweight and obesity was around than one third (20.4% + 10% = 30.4% collectively, whereas 14.2% were underweight out of all participants in this study).
Comparative molecular study of Enterococcus faecalis in endodontic treatment pre and postdiode laser application
Authors: Hashim Israa Hadi , Malik Fatima Abood , Mahdi Ahmed Ghanim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Endodontic infections are polymicrobial, with the majority of bacteria being anaerobic and others being facultative.

Objective:
To detect and measure the level of Enterococcus faecalis in infected root canals during traditional cleaning techniques and after diode laser application by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Materials and Methods:
Ninety samples were collected from 30 participant patients complaining of acute or chronic pulpitis with an age range of 18–50 years old; the teeth indicated endodontic treatment, including both anterior and posterior teeth. Thirty swabs were taken preinstrumentation, and then 30 swabs were taken after instrumentation and canal irrigation using sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, and then 30 swabs were taken in the same manner after the root canal sterilization with the diode laser.

Results:
This study included 30 patients with root canal infection presented with a mean age of 31.7 ± 8.6 years and a range of 18–50 years; Female patients were more than males (34.3% vs. 36.7%). The mean E. faecalis copy number was significantly reduced from precleaning status to postcleaning with sodium hypochlorite (5.25%) and postlaser therapy (P = 0.05).

Conclusions:
RT-PCR assay is a highly effective, dependable, and rapid technique for accurate detection and copy number counting of E. faecalis in the infected root canal; this molecular and clinical study supports the diode laser application of 940-nm WL as an adjuvant tool combined with sodium hypochlorite (5.25%) in canal disinfection during root canal treatment to reduce E. faecalis copy numbers.