bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet‐induced obesity disrupts ductal development in the mammary glands of nonpregnant mice
Authors: Kamikawa Akihiro , Ichii Osamu , Yamaji Daisuke , Imao Takeshi , Suzuki Chiharu , Okamatsu‐Ogura Yuko , Terao Akira , Kon Yasuhiro , Kimura Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMammary glands develop postnatally in response to the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis. Obesity‐induced changes in the local environment, however, retard mammary gland development during late pregnancy and lactation. To clarify the effects of obesity on fundamental duct development, we compared the mammary glands of nulliparous nonpregnant obese mice fed a high‐fat diet with those of lean mice fed a normal diet. Obese mice had enlarged mammary glands, reflecting fat pad size, whereas the ducts in obese mice showed a less dense distribution with less frequent branching. Additionally, the ducts were surrounded by thick collagen layers, and were incompletely lined with myoepithelium. Because leptin receptors were localized in the epithelium region and leptin that was highly expressed in the obese glands suppressed mammary epithelial cell proliferation in vitro, the present results suggest that obesity disrupts mammary ductal development, possibly by remodeling the mammary microenvironment and promoting the expression of such paracrine factors as leptin. Developmental Dynamics 238:1092–1099, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryogenesis and laboratory maintenance of the foam‐nesting túngara frogs, genus Engystomops (= Physalaemus)
Authors: Romero‐Carvajal Andrés , Sáenz‐Ponce Natalia , Venegas‐Ferrín Michael , Almeida‐Reinoso Diego , Lee Chanjae , Bond Jennifer , Ryan Michael J. , Wallingford John B. , del Pino Eugenia M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe vast majority of embryological research on amphibians focuses on just a single genus of frogs, Xenopus. To attain a more comprehensive understanding of amphibian development, experimentation on non‐model frogs will be essential. Here, we report on the early development, rearing, and embryological analysis of túngara frogs (genus Engystomops, also called Physalaemus). The frogs Engystomops pustulosus, Engystomops coloradorum, and Engystomops randi construct floating foam‐nests with small eggs. We define a table of 23 stages for the developmental period in the foam‐nest. Embryos were immunostained against Lim1, neural, and somite‐specific proteins and the expression pattern of RetinoBlastoma Binding Protein 6 (RBBP6) was analyzed by in situ hybridization. Due to their brief life‐cycle, frogs belonging to the genus Engystomops are attractive for comparative and genetic studies of development. Developmental Dynamics 238:1444–1454, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A microarray screen for direct targets of Zic1 identifies an aquaporin gene, aqp‐3b, expressed in the neural folds
Authors: Cornish E. Jean , Hassan Sabah M. , Martin Joshua D. , Li Shuzhao , Merzdorf Christa S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Zic1 transcription factor plays multiple roles during early development, for example, in patterning the early neural plate and formation of the neural crest, somites, and cerebellum. To identify direct downstream target genes of Zic1, a microarray screen was conducted in Xenopus laevis that identified 85 genes upregulated twofold or more. These include transcription factors, receptors, enzymes, proteins involved in retinoic acid signaling, and an aquaglyceroporin (aqp‐3b), but surprisingly no genes known to be involved in cell proliferation. We show that both aqp‐3 and aqp‐3b were expressed in adult tissues, while during early embryonic development, only aqp‐3b was transcribed. During neurula stages, aqp‐3b was expressed specifically in the neural folds. This pattern of aqp‐3b expression closely resembled that of NF‐protocadherin (NFPC), which is involved in cell adhesion and neural tube closure. Aqp‐3b may also be involved in neural tube closure, since mammalian Aqp‐3 promotes cell migration and proliferation. Developmental Dynamics 238:1179–1194, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different roles for KIF17 and kinesin II in photoreceptor development and maintenance
Authors: Insinna Christine , Humby Monica , Sedmak Tina , Wolfrum Uwe , Besharse Joseph C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractKinesin 2 family members are involved in transport along ciliary microtubules. In Caenorhabditis elegans channel cilia, kinesin II and OSM‐3 cooperate along microtubule doublets of the axoneme middle segment, whereas OSM‐3 alone works on microtubule singlets to elongate the distal segment. Among sensory cilia, vertebrate photoreceptors share a similar axonemal structure with C. elegans channel cilia, and deficiency in either kinesin II or KIF17, the homologue of OSM‐3, results in disruption of photoreceptor organization. However, direct comparison of the two effects is confounded by the use of different species and knockdown strategies in prior studies. Here, we directly compare the effects of dominant‐negative kinesin II and KIF17 expression in zebrafish cone photoreceptors. Our data indicate that dominant‐negative kinesin II disrupts function at the level of the inner segment and synaptic terminal and results in cell death. In contrast, dominant‐negative KIF17 has no obvious effect on inner segment or synaptic organization but has an immediate impact on outer segment assembly. Developmental Dynamics 238:2211–2222, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DAX‐1 and SOX6 molecular interplay results in an antagonistic effect in pre‐mRNA splicing
Authors: Ohe Kenji , Tamai Katherine T. , Parvinen Martti , Sassone‐Corsi Paolo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDAX‐1 (DSS‐AHC Critical Region on the X Chromosome‐1) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that has an important role in steroidogenesis and gonadogenesis. To investigate the role of DAX‐1 in the testis, a yeast two‐hybrid screen was performed and SOX6, member of the Sry box (SOX) protein family, was cloned as candidate. The interaction was confirmed biochemically and expression of SOX6 overlapped with that of DAX‐1 in the developing gonad, as well as in Sertoli cells of the adult testis. We show here that DAX‐1 is able to inhibit splicing in in vivo and in vitro splicing assays, and this inhibition is relieved by the addition of SOX6. SOX6 appears to inhibit the interaction between DAX‐1 and the splicing machinery, thus providing a likely mechanism for functional interference. We conclude that DAX‐1 and SOX6 proteins interact, have overlapped expression in the testis, and act antagonistically during pre‐mRNA splicing. Developmental Dynamics 238:1595–1604, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of stem cell pluripotency factors during regeneration in newts
Authors: Maki Nobuyasu , Suetsugu‐Maki Rinako , Tarui Hiroshi , Agata Kiyokazu , Del Rio‐Tsonis Katia , Tsonis Panagiotis A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this study, we present data indicating that mammalian stem cell pluripotency‐inducing factors are expressed during lens and limb regeneration in newts. The apparent expression even in intact tissues and the ensued regulation during regeneration raises the possibility that these factors might regulate tissue‐specific reprogramming and regeneration. Furthermore, these factors should enable us to understand the similarities and differences between animal regeneration in the newt and stem cell strategies in mammals. Developmental Dynamics 238:1613–1616, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of early development in mammalian limb diversification: A descriptive comparison of early limb development between the natal long‐fingered bat (Miniopterus natalensis) and the mouse (Mus musculus)
Authors: Hockman Dorit , Mason Mandy K. , Jacobs David S. , Illing Nicola 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCOVER PHOTOGRAPH: Ventral view of the left wing of the Natal long‐fingered bat, Miniopterus natalensis, with the progression of ossification during development from CS 19 (below) to CS21 (above). During these stages the digits begin to extend forming the highly elongated fingers of the unique bat wing. Cartilage was stained with Alcian blue and bone was stained with Alizarin red, figures are not to scale. See Hockman et al., Developmental Dynamics 238:965–979. Developmental Dynamics, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mice deficient in stem cell antigen‐1 (Sca1, Ly‐6A/E) develop normal primary and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses to virus infection
Authors: Whitmire Jason K. , Eam Boreth , Whitton J. Lindsay 
Published: April 2009

AbstractStem cell antigen‐1 (Sca1, Ly‐6A/E) is a well‐established marker of murine hematopoietic stem cells, and also is expressed on memory T cells. It has been suggested that the functional maintenance of T‐cell memory requires the expression of Sca1 on a specialized population of memory T cells termed “memory stem cells”. Here, we evaluate the requirement for Sca1 in the primary T‐cell response to virus infection, and in the establishment and maintenance of T‐cell memory. We find that Sca1 expression increases on almost all CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during virus infection, and remains high on virus‐specific memory cells. However, Sca1‐deficient (Sca1KO) mice generate normal primary T‐cell responses to infection; the kinetics, the immunodominance hierarchy, and the absolute numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are essentially indistinguishable from those observed in WT mice. Furthermore, by several criteria, primary and memory T cells in Sca1‐deficient mice are phenotypically and functionally normal. These data indicate that Sca1, although perhaps a useful marker of virus‐specific memory T cells, is not required for the regulation of T‐cell quantity or quality, or for the development of a competent pool of memory cells.
Oncostatin M deficiency leads to thymic hypoplasia, accumulation of apoptotic thymocytes and glomerulonephritis
Authors: Esashi Eiji , Ito Hiroaki , Minehata Ken‐ichi , Saito Shigeru , Morikawa Yoshihiro , Miyajima Atsushi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOncostatin M (OSM) has been implicated in immune regulation, though its precise role remains elusive. Here we show that OSM plays a crucial role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases. OSM‐deficient mice showed normal development of T cells, B cells and DC; however, their thymus showed hypoplasia and altered medullary structure. Autoantibodies against dsDNA accumulated and glomerulonephritis developed in aged OSM‐deficient mice. Apoptotic cells accumulated in the thymus of OSM‐deficient mice, and the administration of dexamethasone in young OSM‐deficient mice resulted in the massive accumulation of apoptotic thymocytes and production of autoantibodies. These results suggest that OSM plays a key role in the prevention of autoimmune disease by regulating the clearance of apoptotic thymocytes.
Enantioselective, High‐Yielding Synthesis of Alcohol‐Functionalized Diphosphanes Utilizing Asymmetric Control with a Chiral Auxiliary
Authors: Pullarkat Sumod A. , Cheow Yuen Lin , Li Yongxin , Leung Pak‐Hing 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEnantiomerically pure, alcohol‐functionalized diphosphane ligands carrying one phosphorus and three carbon stereogenic centers were generated from the Diels–Alder reactions of phosphane‐functionalized terminal alkenols [3‐(diphenylphosphanyl)but‐3‐en‐1‐ol and 2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ol] with 3,4‐dimethyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐phosphole. The reactions were promoted and controlled by the organoplatinum complex containing ortho‐metalated (R)‐[1‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]naphthalene, and both cycloadditions showed excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity under mild conditions with only one enantiomer being formed. The products were isolated in high yield and were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Their structures in solution were analyzed by 2D 1H–1H ROESY NMR spectroscopy. Subsequent decomplexation and repreparation of the products proved the optical purity of the alcohol‐functionalized, chiral diphosphanes formed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Heteroleptic Amidinate Complexes of Heavy Group 15 Elements – Synthesis, X‐ray Crystal Structures and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Lyhs Benjamin , Schulz Stephan , Westphal Ulrich , Bläser Dieter , Boese Roland , Bolte Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMonosubstituted amidinate complexes [RC(NR′)2]ECl2 [E = Sb, R = tBu, R′ = iPr 1, Cy 2, 2,6‐iPr2C6H3 (Dipp) 3; R = nBu, R′ = iPr 4; E = Bi, R = tBu, R′ = iPr 5, Dipp 6] were prepared in high yields by salt elimination reactions of ECl3 with Li amidinates. 1–6 were characterized by elemental analyses, NMR and IR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In addition, computational calculations were performed to clarify the different bonding modes in 1 and 5. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Various Synthetic Routes to a Gable‐Like Bis(porphyrin) Constructed on a 1,10‐Phenanthroline Chelate
Authors: Beyler Maryline , Beemelmanns Christine , Heitz Valérie , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThree different synthetic routes to obtain a gable‐like bis(porphyrin) are described. The two porphyrins are covalently linked to a 2,9‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline chelate. One way to gain access to the bis(porphyrin) relies on the simultaneous construction of two porphyrins on a 2,9‐bis(para‐formylphenyl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline, whereas the other two are based on Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions between a presynthesised porphyrin and an appropriate phenanthroline derivative.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Stereoselective Synthesis of (2E,4Z)‐Dienamides Employing (Triphenylphosphoranylidene)ketene
Authors: Pachali Steffen , Hofmann Christine , Rapp Georg , Schobert Rainer , Baro Angelika , Frey Wolfgang , Laschat Sabine 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe three‐component reaction between ylide Ph3PCCO, amines and aldehydes is known to afford selectively (E)‐α,β‐unsaturated amides. We applied a variant of this methodology to the preparation of (2E,4Z)‐dienamides 11 utilizing the phosphonium salt formation from ethyl 5‐aminopentanoate hydrochloride and Ph3PCCO followed by deprotonation with DBU and a Wittig olefination of the corresponding ylide with various (Z)‐α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes 10. The (2E,4Z)‐dienamides 11 were isolated in yields of up to 80 %. The (Z)‐configuration of the starting aldehydes 10 remained untouched during the reaction.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Stereospecific, Flexible and Redox‐Economic Asymmetric Synthesis of cis‐ and trans‐3‐Hydroxypipecolic Acids and ­Analogs
Authors: Wang Bing , Liu Run‐Hua 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBoth cis‐ and trans‐3‐hydroxy‐L‐pipecolic acids are synthesized from a common chiral intermediate 7 by a short and flexible route. The stereospecific inversion of C‐3 was achieved by the formation of an oxazoline followed by acidic ring cleavage. The overall yields are 27 % and 30 %, respectively, in 12 and 10 linear steps. Several versatile chiral building blocks are also accessible by this diastereodivergent synthesis. Unlike the chiral pool approach, our synthetic strategy is not limited by the availability of starting materials.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Analytical method for simultaneous determination of pesticide and veterinary drug residues in milk by CE‐MS
Authors: Blasco Cristina , Picó Yolanda , Andreu Vicente 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study reports a method based on CE‐MS/MS detection developed for the multiresidue determination of seven pesticides (amidosulfuron, cyprodinil, cyromazine, imazaquin, pirimicarb, demethyl pirimicarb, procymidone) and eight residues of veterinary drugs (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sulfacetamide, sulfabenzamide, sulfachlorpyridazine, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfathiazole, sulfisoxazole), whose contents are regulated by the EU Council Regulations no. 396/2005 and no. 2377/90, in animal edible tissues. Milk samples were extracted with ACN and the extract was cleaned up using an Oasis hydrophilic–lipophilic balance SPE cartridge. The proposed method was validated in accordance with the European Commission Decision 657/2002. MS/MS experiments, using an IT analyzer, operating in multiple reaction monitoring mode, were carried out to achieve the minimum number of required identification points. Recovery data were also satisfactory, with values higher than 78% for most pesticides and veterinary drugs extracted from milk spiked at half the maximum residue limit established for the studied compounds. The RSD% (n=5) were lower than 13 and 15% for intra‐day and inter‐day assays, respectively. The method was applied to establish the occurrence of the studied pesticides in 100 milk samples, attaining the determination of pesticide and veterinary drug residues in milk in the low μg/kg range.
The application of membrane bioreactor technology to the treatment of wastewater from a multifunctional supermarket
Authors: Wu Zhichao , Zhou Zhen , Wang Zhiwei , Tian Lumei , Pan Yi , Wang Xinhua 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWastewater from multifunctional supermarkets usually features with large fluctuation of flow and pollutants, and shows significantly different characteristics from domestic wastewater because of its extensive sources and high concentration of oil substances. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology with proper oil pretreatment process is attractive for supermarket wastewater treatment in metropolitans because of its small footprint, excellent and stable permeate quality, convenient operation, and shock load resistant capability. Operation results of two lab‐scale MBRs under different organic loads demonstrated that MBR technology could yield excellent permeate quality, but the stable operation cycle was relatively short compared with MBRs for domestic wastewater treatment. Analysis on membrane fouling showed that the high concentration of oil substances (especially oil and grease) in supermarket wastewater was the main cause for membrane permeability deterioration, and the MBR with higher organic load demonstrated better resistant capability for membrane fouling by oil. On the basis of lab‐scale MBRs, proper hydraulic retention time (HRT) and more efficient oil pretreatment process were adopted for the design of full‐scale supermarket wastewater treatment system. With dissolved‐air flotation process as an oil pretreatment process, permeate COD and NH4‐N in the full‐scale MBR for supermarket wastewater treatment were respectively 36.8 and 4.1 mg/L on average, and stable membrane permeability was achieved during 132 day stable operation after 28 day start‐up period. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Rigid‐plastic models for the seismic design and assessment of steel framed structures
Authors: Málaga‐Chuquitaype C. , Elghazouli A. Y. , Bento R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the applicability of response history analysis based on rigid‐plastic models for the seismic assessment and design of steel buildings. The rigid‐plastic force–deformation relationship as applied in steel moment‐resisting frames (MRF) is re‐examined and new rigid‐plastic models are developed for concentrically‐braced frames and dual structural systems consisting of MRF coupled with braced systems. This paper demonstrates that such rigid‐plastic models are able to predict global seismic demands with reasonable accuracy. It is also shown that, the direct relationship that exists between peak displacement and the plastic capacity of rigid‐plastic oscillators can be used to define the level of seismic demand for a given performance target. Copyright© 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oscillatory activity in parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during retention in visual short‐term memory: Additive effects of spatial attention and memory load
Authors: Grimault Stéphan , Robitaille Nicolas , Grova Christophe , Lina Jean‐Marc , Dubarry Anne‐Sophie , Jolicœur Pierre 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe used whole‐head magnetoencephalography to study the representation of objects in visual short‐term memory (VSTM) in the human brain. Subjects remembered the location and color of either two or four colored disks that were encoded from the left or right visual field (equal number of distractors in the other visual hemifield). The data were analyzed using time‐frequency methods, which enabled us to discover a strong oscillatory activity in the 8–15 Hz band during the retention interval. The study of the alpha power variation revealed two types of responses, in different brain regions. The first was a decrease in alpha power in parietal cortex, contralateral to the stimuli, with no load effect. The second was an increase of alpha power in parietal and lateral prefrontal cortex, as memory load increased, but without interaction with the hemifield of the encoded stimuli. The absence of interaction between side of encoded stimuli and memory load suggests that these effects reflect distinct underlying mechanisms. A novel method to localize the neural generators of load‐related oscillatory activity was devised, using cortically‐constrained distributed source‐localization methods. Some activations were found in the inferior intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and intraoccipital sulcus (IOS). Importantly, strong oscillatory activity was also found in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Alpha oscillatory activity in DLPFC was synchronized with the activity in parietal regions, suggesting that VSTM functions in the human brain may be implemented via a network that includes bilateral DLPFC and bilateral IOS/IPS as key nodes. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Co‐speech gestures influence neural activity in brain regions associated with processing semantic information
Authors: Dick Anthony Steven , Goldin‐Meadow Susan , Hasson Uri , Skipper Jeremy I. , Small Steven L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEveryday communication is accompanied by visual information from several sources, including co‐speech gestures, which provide semantic information listeners use to help disambiguate the speaker's message. Using fMRI, we examined how gestures influence neural activity in brain regions associated with processing semantic information. The BOLD response was recorded while participants listened to stories under three audiovisual conditions and one auditory‐only (speech alone) condition. In the first audiovisual condition, the storyteller produced gestures that naturally accompany speech. In the second, the storyteller made semantically unrelated hand movements. In the third, the storyteller kept her hands still. In addition to inferior parietal and posterior superior and middle temporal regions, bilateral posterior superior temporal sulcus and left anterior inferior frontal gyrus responded more strongly to speech when it was further accompanied by gesture, regardless of the semantic relation to speech. However, the right inferior frontal gyrus was sensitive to the semantic import of the hand movements, demonstrating more activity when hand movements were semantically unrelated to the accompanying speech. These findings show that perceiving hand movements during speech modulates the distributed pattern of neural activation involved in both biological motion perception and discourse comprehension, suggesting listeners attempt to find meaning, not only in the words speakers produce, but also in the hand movements that accompany speech. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of novel substituted pyridine derivatives from 3,5‐diacetyl‐2,6‐dimethylpyridine
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhang Min , Cao Weiguo , Song Liping , Qian Qun , Tan Jiwen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA series of novel (1‐acetyl‐5‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydro)‐1H‐pyrazole substituted pyridine derivatives and poly substituted [2,3′‐bipyridine]‐5‐carbonitrile derivatives were synthesized from 3,5‐diacetyl‐2,6‐dimethylpyridine. The structures of two typical 3,5‐bis[1‐acetyl‐5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl]‐2,6‐dimethylpyridines [3b(1) and 3b(2)] were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:123–130, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20522