bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disclosure Requirements, the Release of New Information and Market Efficiency: New Insights from Agent-based Models
Authors: Hermsen Oliver , Witte Björn-Christopher , Westerhoff Frank 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We explore how disclosure requirements that regulate the release of new information may affect the dynamics of financial markets. Our analysis is based on three agent-based financial market models that are able to produce realistic financial market dynamics. We discover that the average deviation between market prices and fundamental values increases if new information is released with a delay, while the average price volatility is virtually unaffected by such regulations. Interestingly, the tails of the distribution of returns become fatter if fundamental data is released less continuously, indicating an increase in financial market risk.
Transaction Taxes and Traders with Heterogeneous Investment Horizons in an Agent-Based Financial Market Model
Authors: Demary Markus 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis agent-based financial market model is a generalization of the model of Westerhoff (The Use of Agent-Based Financial Market Models to Test the Effectiveness of Regulatory Policies) by traders who are allowed to have different investment horizons as introduced by Demary (Who Does a Currency Transaction Tax Harm More: Short-Term Speculators or Long-Term Investors?). Our research goals are, first, to study what consequences the introduction of heterogeneous investment horizons has for agent-based financial market models, and second, how effective transaction taxes are in stabilizing financial markets. Numerical simulations reveal that under sufficiently small tax rates traders abstain from short-term trading in favour of longer investment horizons. This change in behavior leads to less volatility and less mispricings. When the tax rate exceeds a certain threshold, however, mispricings increase as also found in Westerhoff (Heterogeneous Traders and the Tobin Tax and The Use of Agent-Based Financial Market Models to Test the Effectiveness of Regulatory Policies). This emergent property is due to the fact that taxation reduces short-term fluctuations and causes longer lasting trends in the exchange rate. As a result, the longer term fundamentalist trading rule becomes unpopular in favor of the longer term trend-chasing rule.
Time to Recovery in Diabetes and Comorbidities Following Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Thethi Tina K. , Yau C. Lillian , Shi Lizheng , Leger Sharice , Nagireddy Prathima , Waddadar Jay , Surampudi Prasanth , John-Kalarickal Jennifer , Yenoby Lydia , Fonseca Vivian 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTBackground:The impact of a natural disaster on self-care and health care delivery has been well documented. The objective of the study was to document the recovery pattern from the impact of a natural disaster such as Hurricane Katrina on clinical and biochemical measures of diabetes and its comorbidities.Methods:Patients were selected from Tulane University Hospital and Clinic, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, and the Medical Center of Louisiana at New Orleans. Adults with diabetes and A1cmeasurement 6 months before (pre-K) Hurricane Katrina (February 28, 2005–August 27, 2005) and 6 to 16 months after (post-K) Katrina (March 1, 2006–December 31, 2006) were identified within the 3 facilities. Follow-up data (January 1, 2007–December 31, 2007) were 1 year after the first post-K visit. The outcome measures were hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), and lipids (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL], triglycerides).Results:Averaged across the 3 facilities, the parameters significantly different in the follow-up period compared with pre- and post-K were HbA1c(P= .04), HDL, and systolic and diastolic BP (P< .0001). Parameters with significantly different patterns of change in the 3 facilities over time were HbA1c, HDL, systolic and diastolic BP (P< .0001), and low-density lipoprotein (P< .01).Conclusions:Our results suggest that a variety of clinical and biochemical parameters related to diabetes and its comorbidities affected by natural disaster have varied the rate of recovery to predisaster levels.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:S33-S38)
Emergency Preparedness for Residency/Fellowship Programs: Lessons Learned During Hurricane Katrina and Applied During Hurricane Ike
Authors: Donini-Lenhoff Fred G. , Rockey Paul H. , Surdyk Patricia M. , Heard Jeanne K. , Blackwell Thomas A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTWhen it struck the US Gulf Coast in 2005, Hurricane Katrina severely disrupted many graduate medical education residency/fellowship programs in the region and the training of hundreds of residents/fellows. Despite the work of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in responding to this natural disaster and facilitating communication and transfer of residents/fellows to other unaffected training programs, the storm exposed the gaps in the existing system. Subsequently, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, with the aid of its member organizations, including the American Medical Association, developed a new disaster recovery plan to allow for a more rapid, effective response to future catastrophic events. These policies were instrumental in the rapid relocation of 597 residents/fellows from the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston after the landfall of Hurricane Ike in September 2008. As a further accommodation to affected trainees, medical certification boards should be as flexible as possible in waiving continuity requirements in the event of a disaster that affects residency/fellowship programs.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:S71-S74)
Population Changes, Racial/Ethnic Disparities, and Birth Outcomes in Louisiana After Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Harville Emily W. , Tran Tri , Xiong Xu , Buekens Pierre 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: To examine how the demographic and other population changes affected birth and obstetric outcomes in Louisiana, and the effect of the hurricane on racial disparities in these outcomes.Methods: Vital statistics data were used to compare the incidence of low birth weight (LBW) (<2500 g), preterm birth (PTB) (37 weeks' gestation), cesarean section, and inadequate prenatal care (as measured by the Kotelchuck index), in the 2 years after Katrina compared to the 2 years before, for the state as a whole, region 1 (the area around New Orleans), and Orleans Parish (New Orleans). Logistic models were used to adjust for covariates.Results: After adjustment, rates of LBW rose for the state, but preterm birth did not. In region 1 and Orleans Parish, rates of LBW and PTB remained constant or fell. These patterns were all strongest in African American women. Rates of cesarean section and inadequate prenatal care rose. Racial disparities in birth outcomes remained constant or were reduced.Conclusions: Although risk of LBW/PTB remained higher in African Americans, the storm does not appear to have exacerbated health disparities, nor did population shifts explain the changes in birth and obstetric outcomes.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:S39-S45)
Sleep and Arousal as Risk Factors for Adverse Health and Work Performance in Public Health Workers Involved in the 2004 Florida Hurricane Season
Authors: McKibben Jodi B.A. , Fullerton Carol S. , Ursano Robert J. , Reissman Dori B. , Kowalski-Trakofler Kathleen , Shultz James M. , Wang Leming 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTBackground: We examined the relation of sleep disturbance and arousal to work performance, mental and physical health, and day-to-day functioning in Florida Department of Health (FDOH) employees 9 months after the 2004 Florida hurricane season.Methods: FDOH employees were contacted via e-mail 9 months after the 2004 hurricanes. Participants (N = 2249) completed electronic questionnaires including measures of sleep disturbance, arousal, work performance, physical health, mental health, day-to-day function, hurricane injury, and work demand.Results: More than 18% of FDOH employees reported ≥25% reduced work performance and 11% to 15.3% reported ≥7 “bad” mental or physical health days in the past month. Sleep disturbance and elevated arousal were strongly associated with impaired work performance (odds ratios [ORs] 3.33 and 3.34, respectively), “bad” mental health (ORs 3.01 and 3.64), “bad” physical health (ORs 3.21 and 2.01), and limited day-to-day function (ORs 4.71 and 2.32), even after adjusting for sex, race, age, education, and marital status.Conclusions: Among public health workers exposed to the 2004 hurricanes, sleep disturbance and arousal were associated with personal and work impairment. Future research should continue to examine the effect of repeated exposure to disasters in first responders.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:S55-S62)
Isolation of Aggresomes and Other Large Aggregates
Authors: Meriin Anatoli B. , Wang Yan , Sherman Michael Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUpon permanent stresses and in various diseases, small protein aggregates may accumulate in cells and cause toxicity. A recently discovered protective system transports these aggregates to the centrosome location via microtubules, to form a large agglomerate of aggregates called the aggresome. Here, we describe a newly developed method for isolating aggresomes. This principle can also be used for purification of other large structures and even organelles. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 48:3.38.1‐3.38.9. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Imaging Cells in Three‐Dimensional Collagen Matrix
Authors: Artym Vira V. , Matsumoto Kazue 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe use of in vitro three‐dimensional (3‐D) collagen matrices to mimic an in vivo cellular environment has become increasingly popular and is broadening our understanding of cellular processes and cell‐ECM interactions. To study cells in in vitro 3‐D collagen matrices, both cellular proteins and the collagen matrix must be visualized. In this unit, the authors describe the protocol and provide troubleshooting for immunolabeling of cells in 3‐D collagen gels to localize and visualize cellular proteins with high‐resolution fluorescence confocal microscopy. The authors then describe confocal reflection microscopy as a technique for direct imaging of 3‐D fibrillar collagen matrices by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. They also provide instrument settings required for simultaneous imaging of cellular proteins with fluorescence confocal imaging and 3‐D collagen fibrils with confocal reflection microscopy. Additionally, the authors provide protocols for a “cell sandwiching” technique to prepare cell cultures in 3‐D collagen matrices required for high‐resolution confocal imaging. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 48:10.18.1‐10.18.20. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Calcium Fluoride
Authors: Vrana Lisa M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCalcium fluoride, commonly called fluorspar or fluorite, is the principal fluoride‐containing mineral. Large deposits of flurospar are found in China, Mongolia, Mexico, Spain and South Africa. Underground mining procedures are used for deep fluorspar deposits and open‐pit mines are used for shallow deposits or where conditions do not support underground mining techniques.Most fluorspar ores as mined must be concentrated or beneficiated to remove waste.Calcium fluoride is prepared by several methods and these are discussed. Fluorspar is marketed in several grades: metallurgical flurospar sold as gravel, lump, or briquettes: ceramic‐grade fluorspar; and acid‐grade fluorspar. Fluorite is not classified as a hazardous material but precaution must be taken to prevent contact of calcium fluoride with water. The main uses of flurospar are in the production of hydrofluoric acid and in the processing of aluminum and uranium. Other uses include as a flux in steelmaking, primary aluminum production, glass manufacture, enamels, rod coatings, and cement production.
Cobalt and Cobalt Alloys
Authors: Hodge F. Galen , Dominey Larry 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCobalt is a metallic element the earliest uses of which were colorants for glass and pottery. Cobalt is ubiquitous in the environment and occurs naturally in many different chemical forms. Cobalt has unique magnetic properties. The largest consumption of cobalt is in metallic form as magnetic alloys. cutting and wear resistant alloys, and superalloys. The second largest use of cobalt is in the form of salts, including lacquers, enamels, colorant for glass, and catalysts. Radioactive cobalt has considerable application in radiochemistry and radiography. Cobalt base alloys are generally described as wear‐resistant, corrosion‐resistant, and heat resistant. Many of the properties of alloys arise from the crystallographic nature of cobalt, the solid solution strengthening effects of chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, the formation of carbides, and the corrosion resistance imparted by chromium. The most important natural sources of cobalt to the environment are soil and dust, seawater, volcanic eruptions, and forest fires. The important synthetic sources are the by‐processes of burning coal and oil, exhaust from cars and other vehicles, industrial processes that use cobalt, and sewage sludge from cities.
Cumene
Authors: Hwang S. Y. , Chen S. S. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Cumene is an aromatic compound. It is a clear liquid at ambient conditions. High purity cumene is manufactured from propylene and benzene. Successful development and commercialization of the zeolite‐based technology for the production of cumene has rendered obsolete the older processes based on phosphoric acid and aluminum chloride. Essentially all cumeme worldwide is consumed for the production of phenol and acetone. As a result demand for cumene is tied to the phenol market. Phenol is used to produce bisphenol A employed in making epoxy resins and polycarbonates. Cumene is a significant fire hazard when exposed to flames or sparks. It is a skin and eye irritant.
Design of Experiments
Authors: Anderson Mark J. , Whitcomb Patrick J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe statistical design of experiments is an essential ingredient of successful product development and improvement, and provides an efficient and scientific approach to obtaining meaningful information. In contrast to traditional vary one‐factor‐at‐a‐time (OFAT) experimentation, variables are changed together, permitting evaluation of interactions. Standard texts give details about the construction of specific test plans, such full and fractional factorial, and response surface designs, and the analysis of the resulting data. This article gives a brief overview. The focus here is on the fundamental elements of experimental design: defining the purpose and scope of the experiment, differentiating between alternative types of experimental variables, understanding the underlying environment and constraints, and conducting stage‐wise experimentation. Brief discussions dealing with the statistical analysis tools, multiple response variables, and some historical background are also provided.
Lime and Limestone
Authors: Oates Tony 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLimestone is a naturally occurring mineral that consists principally of calcium carbonate. It generally contains magnesium carbonate as a secondary component. Limestone is found in many forms and is classified in terms of origin, chemical composition, structure, and geological formation. Deposits are distributed throughout the world.The lime and limestone industries have generated many traditional expressions. Definitions covering most of the terms are given. Physical and chemical properties of limestone vary so many of the properties discussed here are to be considered typical. Over 95% of limestone is produced by quarrying. The primary use of limestone is crushed rock for construction and building mainly as aggregate and filler. The manufacture of cement is another major use. Production of quicklime, ground quicklime, slaked lime, milk of lime, and lime putty are detailed. Lime products have many uses, for example, in steel manufacture, asphalt paving and soil stabilization; chemical and food industries, building materials, environmental protection, and agriculture. Many countries have their their own standards. for sampling, sample preparation, and testing. Environmental issues include noise and vibration from quarrying, air pollution, and energy use. Calcium carbonate and calcium magnesium carbonate are nonhazardous substances. Recycling and disposal are also discussed.
Urea
Authors: Mavrovic Ivo , Shirley A. Ray , Coleman G. R. “Buck” 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Urea was discoverd in urine by Rouelle in 1773 and first synthesized from ammonia and cyanic acid by Woehler in 1828. This was the first synthesis of an organic compound from an inorganic compound, and it dealt a death blow to the vital force theory. Commercially, urea is produced by the direct dehydration of ammonium carbamate at elevated temperature and pressure. Ammonium carbamate is obtained by direct reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide. The two reactions are usually carried out simultaneously in a high pressure reactor. Most urea plants are licensed by Snamprogetti, Stamicarbon, or Toyo Engineering. Their processes are discussed in detail. Urea's biggest use is as a fertilizer. It is also used in animal feeds, in the manufacture of resins, and in reducing automotive emissions by catalytic reduction. Urea is classified as a nontoxiic compound.
The role of cognitive flexibility and vocabulary abilities of younger and older users in searching for information on the web
Authors: Dommes Aurelie , Chevalier Aline , Lia Sarah 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present study investigated the role of cognitive flexibility and vocabulary abilities in explaining age‐related differences in information searching with a search engine. Nineteen older and 20 younger participants had to carry out nine searches and to complete a battery of cognitive tests. Older participants obtained poorer search performance with fewer correct answers, and lower task completion speed. They interacted little with the system, and showed specific difficulties in getting out of impasses and reformulating unfruitful requests. Regression analyses suggested that age differences in the number of requests were moderated by differences in cognitive flexibility and that the older participants did not leverage their increased vocabulary in producing new keywords. The findings suggest that the age‐related decline in cognitive flexibility plays a role in the age‐related differences observed in searching for information, especially in the way users get out of impasses. The results have implications for designing search engine tools. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Guo Yunlong , Yu Gui , Liu Yunqi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFunctional organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) have attracted increasing attention in the past few years due to their wide variety of potential applications. Research on functional OFETs underpins future advances in organic electronics. In this review, different types of functional OFETs including organic phototransistors, organic memory FETs, organic light emitting FETs, sensors based on OFETs and other functional OFETs are introduced. In order to provide a comprehensive overview of this field, the history, current status of research, main challenges and prospects for functional OFETs are all discussed
Associations between the drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus) and sympatric monkeys in Korup National Park, Cameroon
Authors: Astaras Christos , Krause Stefan , Mattner Lutz , Rehse Christoph , Waltert Matthias 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStudies of polyspecific associations among African forest primates have primarily focused on arboreal Cercopithecus and Procolobus/Colobus species. We examined the association frequency of the terrestrial drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus) with six sympatric monkey species in Korup National Park, Cameroon, testing reports that Mandrillus associations are infrequent and transient. We conducted 3,284 km of trail walks for 12 months (February–June 2006; July 2007 to January 2008), recording species composition in 612 primate clusters. Using a Markov chain Monte Carlo test, we compared the observed frequency of dyadic associations against null models of “no association.” A novel conservative statistical approach which addresses possible dependence of observations close in time was also used, further strengthening confidence in our findings. Drills associated with all monkeys throughout the study period, and were with at least one other species (range 1–5) in half of the encounters. The association frequency of drills with red‐capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus) was greater than expected by chance, which is interesting given the morphological adaptation of the Mandrillus‐Cercocebus clade for the exploitation of the same dietary niche, hard seeds. The difference we observed in the use of forest strata by drills and mangabeys may reflect a strategy to reduce food competition while in association. The nature and duration of observed drill associations varied. Although some associations seemed to be chance encounters, others lasted for hours with the involved species foraging together. Am. J. Primatol. 73:127–134, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bulk and shear viscosity in Hagedorn fluid
Authors: Tawfik A. , Wahba M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAssuming that the Hagedorn fluid composed of known particles and resonances with masses m < 2 GeV obeys the first‐order theory (Eckart) of relativistic fluid, we discuss the transport properties of QCD confined phase. Based on the relativistic kinetic theory formulated under the relaxation time approximation, expressions for bulk and shear viscosity in thermal medium of hadron resonances are derived. The relaxation time in the Hagedorn dynamical fluid exclusively takes into account the decay and eventually van der Waals processes. We comment on the in‐medium thermal effects on bulk and shear viscosity and averaged relaxation time with and without the excluded‐volume approach. As an application of these results, we suggest the dynamics of heavy‐ion collisions, non‐equilibrium thermodynamics and the cosmological models, which require thermo‐ and hydro‐dynamics equations of state.