bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on olfactory and gustatory capacity
Authors: Trecca Eleonora M C , Marano Pier Gerardo , Madaro Ferruccio , Fortunato Francesca , Frisotti Daniela R , Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto , Vocale Matteo , Cassano Michele 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Only a few studies have investigated olfactory function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) using psychophysical testing, and there is a scarcity of data regarding taste evaluation in the existing literature. The primary objectives of this study were to assess both smell and taste in patients with OSAS and to explore the correlation between the severity of symptoms and sensory perception. A total of 85 OSAS patients and a control group comprising 81 subjects were enrolled. Initial assessments included anamnesis, nasal endoscopy, and the completion of questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Visual Analogue Scale, Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders, and the importance of olfaction questionnaire). The diagnosis of OSAS was confirmed by polysomnography, while nasal airflow was evaluated using rhinomanometry. Olfaction was assessed using the Sniffin’ Sticks test, and the Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) score was calculated. Taste evaluation was conducted in a subgroup of participants (42 patients, 38 controls) using taste strips. The mean TDI score was 31 ± 5.6 for OSAS patients and 35 ± 4.6 for controls, indicating a significant difference (P &lt; 0.001). Similarly, the taste score was 7 ± 3.0 for OSAS patients and 12.6 ± 3.2 for controls (P &lt; 0.001). No correlations were observed between TDI and Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) (r = −0.12; P = 0.28), as well as between the taste score and AHI (r = −0.31; P = 0.22). However, a weak but significant correlation between TDI score and Epworth Sleepiness Scale was detected (r = −0.05; P = 0.002). The study revealed a significant decrease in sensory perception among patients with OSAS, though open questions persist about the pathophysiology.
Definition of Virological Endpoints Improving the Design of HIV Cure Strategies Using Analytical Antiretroviral Treatment Interruption
Authors: Alexandre Marie , Prague Mélanie , Lhomme Edouard , Lelièvre Jean-Daniel , Wittkop Linda , Richert Laura , Lévy Yves , Thiébaut Rodolphe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Analytical treatment interruption (ATI) is the gold standard in HIV research for assessing the capability of new therapeutic strategies to control viremia without antiretroviral treatment (ART). The viral setpoint is commonly used as endpoint to evaluate their efficacy. However, in line with recommendations from a consensus meeting, to minimize the risk of increased viremia without ART, trials often implement short ATI phases and stringent virological ART restart criteria. This approach can limit the accurate observation of the setpoint.

Methods
We analyzed viral dynamics in 235 people with HIV from 3 trials, examining virological criteria during ATI phases. Time-related (eg time to rebound, peak, and setpoint) and viral load magnitude–related criteria (peak, setpoint, and time-averaged AUC [nAUC]) were described. Spearman correlations were analyzed to identify (1) surrogate endpoints for setpoint and (2) optimal virological ART restart criteria mitigating the risks of ART interruption and the evaluation of viral control.

Results
Comparison of virological criteria between trials showed strong dependencies on ATI design. Similar correlations were found across trials, with nAUC the most strongly correlated with the setpoint, with correlations &gt;0.70. A threshold &gt;100 000 copies/mL for 2 consecutive measures is requested as a virological ART restart criterion.

Conclusions
Our results are in line with recommendations and emphasize the benefits of an ATI phase &gt;12 weeks, with regular monitoring, and a virological ART restart criterion of 10 000 copies/mL to limit the risk for patients while capturing enough information to keep nAUC as an optimal proxy to the setpoint.
Multiple arterial vs. single arterial coronary artery bypass grafting: sex-related differences in outcomes
Authors: Ren Justin , Bowyer Andrea , Tian David H , Royse Colin , El-Ansary Doa , Royse Alistair 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Uncertainty exists over whether multiple arterial grafting has a sex-related association with survival after coronary artery bypass grafting. This study aims to compare the long-term survival of using multiple arterial grafting vs. single arterial grafting in women and men undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods
The retrospective study used the Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiothoracic Surgical Database with linkage to the National Death Index. Patients from 2001 to 2020 were identified. Sex-stratified, inverse probability weighted Cox proportional hazard model was used to facilitate survival comparisons. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.

Results
A total number of 54 275 adult patients receiving at least two grafts in primary isolated bypass operations were analysed. The entire study cohort consisted of 10 693 (19.7%) female patients and 29 711 (54.7%) multiple arterial grafting procedures. At a median (interquartile range) postoperative follow-up of 4.9 (2.3–8.4) years, mortality was significantly lower in male patients undergoing multiarterial than single arterial procedures (adjusted hazard ratio 0.82; 95% confidence interval 0.77–0.87; P &lt; .001). The survival benefit was also significant for females (adjusted hazard ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval 0.76–0.91; P &lt; .001) at a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 5.2 (2.4–8.7) years. The interaction model from Cox regression suggested insignificant subgroup effect from sex (P = .08) on the observed survival advantage. The survival benefits associated with multiple arterial grafting were consistent across all sex-stratified subgroups except for female patients with left main coronary disease.

Conclusions
Compared to single arterial grafting, multiple arterial revascularization is associated with improved long-term survival for women as well as men.
Household Transmission and Clinical Features of Respiratory Tract Infections That Were SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative
Authors: Ahti Jaakko , Toivonen Laura , Ollila Helena , Ivaska Lauri , Salo-Tuominen Krista , Vuorinen Tytti , Lempainen Johanna , Peltola Ville 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Comparative data are limited on the transmission of respiratory infections positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 in households with children.

Methods
In June to August 2020, we recruited 700 participants (175 households, 376 children, 324 adults) to be prospectively followed for all respiratory tract infections. Follow-up lasted from recruitment until April 2022. Daily symptoms were monitored by weekly electronic questionnaires. SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing from nasopharyngeal specimens was performed for symptomatic participants and twice (1-week interval) for the household members of positive participants. Clinical features and secondary attack rates (SARs) based on the onset of symptoms were compared between respiratory infections that were SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative.

Results
Most SARS-CoV-2 infections (90%) occurred from January to April 2022 when Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 were the dominant variants. SARS-CoV-2–positive infections were transmitted more often than SARS-CoV-2–negative infections (SAR, 41% vs 24%; P &lt; .001). SARS-CoV-2 transmission was similar for child and adult index cases (SAR, 40% vs 43%; P = .47), but the transmission of SARS-CoV-2–negative infections was higher for child index cases (SAR, 27% vs 18%; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 Omicron viruses spread more effectively within households as compared with other respiratory infections.
Serum Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Human Papillomavirus Type 6 L1, E2, E4, E6, and E7 Proteins Among Children Prospectively Followed up for 3 Years
Authors: Suominen Helmi , Syrjänen Kari , Waterboer Tim , Grénman Seija , Syrjänen Stina , Louvanto Karolina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Current knowledge implicates that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can be acquired at an early age. However, the role of HPV-specific passive immunization from mother to neonate is nearly unexplored, especially against the HPV early proteins. We analyzed immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against HPV-6 early (E2, E4, E6, E7) and late (L1) proteins in children prospectively followed up for 3 years.

Methods
A total of 272 children and their mothers from the Finnish Family HPV Study were included in these analyses. Serum samples were obtained from pregnant mothers at their third trimester and from newborn/infants at 1-, 2-, 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36-month visits after birth. Antibodies were analyzed by multiplex serology based on glutathione S-transferase fusion protein capture to fluorescent beads.

Results
Maternal antibodies to all tested HPV-6 proteins were transferred to neonates, concordance between maternal and neonates’ antibody levels being highly significant (P &lt; .001). Seropositivity of HPV-6 L1 in the neonates declined during the first 6 months of life, whereas changes in the E protein antibodies were less obvious. After the maternal antibodies had vanished, seroconversion to HPV-6 L1 at 12 months (median) and to the HPV-6 E proteins between 23 and 35 months was observed.

Conclusions
IgG antibodies against HPV-6 E and L proteins are transferred from mothers to their children. Seroconversion against HPV-6 L1, E2, E4, E6, and E7 does occur in early childhood, as a sign of acquired HPV-6 infection by vertical or horizontal transmission starting at 12 months of age.
Impact of Variable Sampling on Estimates of HIV-1 Reservoir Formation Dates
Authors: Kankaka Edward N , Poon Art F Y , Quinn Thomas C , Chang Larry W , Prodger Jessica L , Redd Andrew D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Timing of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) reservoir formation is important for informing HIV cure efforts. It is unclear how much of the variability seen in dating reservoir formation is due to sampling and gene-specific differences. We used a Bayesian extension of root to tip regression (bayroot) to reestimate formation date distributions in participants from Swedish and South African cohorts, and assessed the impact of variable timing, frequency, and depth of sampling on these estimates. Significant shifts in formation date distributions were only observed with use of faster-evolving genes, while timing, frequency, and depth of sampling had minor or no significant effect on estimates.
Animacy and the Agency of Spiritual Beings in Pluriversal Societies
Authors: Querejazu Amaya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The concept of agency has long been a focal point of research in the social sciences. While traditional discussions primarily centered on human agency, recent scholarship has increasingly turned its attention to agency beyond the human realm. This paper introduces a framework for comprehending the agency of spiritual beings within complex pluriversal sociopolitical systems. It contends that exploring the agency of spiritual beings challenges established binary distinctions and acknowledges their inherent complexities. Drawing from a relational understanding of animacy, this framework reveals that the agency of spiritual beings cannot be simply equated with gods or fixed other-than-human agencies. Instead, it enriches our understanding of agency by highlighting how diverse agencies shape and influence social interactions. The paper compares Jane Bennett’s “thing power” and social assemblages to the Andean concepts of camaq (creating animating force) and Ajayu (spirit). By doing so, it uncovers both tensions and connections between these approaches, underscoring the need for pluriversal methodologies in analyzing pluriversal societies. In conclusion, the paper reflects on the implications of re-enchantment through animacy and its potential to provide fresh insights into understanding international phenomena.
Follow-up of patients with urinary tract infections discharged from the emergency department: a mixed methods study
Authors: Tuinte R A M , van Zanten M D , Takamura T , Schoffelen T , Schouten J A , Hulscher M E J L , Hoogerwerf J J , ten Oever J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the quality of culture follow-up after emergency department (ED) discharge in patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Methods
This convergent mixed methods study included an observational cohort study and a qualitative interview study in UTI patients discharged from the ED of a Dutch university hospital. The primary outcomes of the observational study were the proportion of patients requiring adjustment of antibiotic therapy after culture review, and the proportion of patients in whom these adjustments were made. Logistic regression identified factors associated with these outcomes. Interviews assessed patient experiences and transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic content analysis. Integration of the results informed recommendations for high-quality follow-up.

Results
Out of 455 patients, 285 (63%) required culture-based treatment adjustments. In most patients, no adjustments were made (239/285, 84%). De-escalation was most frequently omitted (98%), followed by discontinuation of antibiotics (92%). A mean of 7.1 (SD  3.8) antibiotic days per patient could have been avoided in 103 patients. Patients with diabetes were less likely to require adjustments (aOR   0.50, 95%-CI  0.29–0.85). Patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (aOR  4.1, 95%-CI  1.45–11.33; aOR  4.2, 95%-CI   1.50–11.94) or recurrent UTIs (aOR  5.0, 95%-CI  2.27–11.18) were more likely to have received necessary adjustments. Twelve interviews also revealed varying degrees of follow-up. Three themes were identified: ‘information and communication’, ‘coordination and accessibility of care’ and ‘individual needs and preferences’. Recommendations for high-quality follow-up advocate a person centred approach.

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of urine culture follow-up after ED discharge, mainly to reduce unnecessary antibiotic treatment, promote de-escalation and improve patient experience.
Cutin-derived oligomers induce hallmark plant immune responses
Authors: Moreira Carlos J S , Escórcio Rita , Bento Artur , Bjornson Marta , Herold Laura , Tomé Ana S , Martins Celso , Fanuel Mathieu , Martins Isabel , Bakan Bénédicte , Zipfel Cyril , Silva Pereira Cristina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The cuticle constitutes the outermost defensive barrier of most land plants. It comprises a polymeric matrix—cutin, surrounded by soluble waxes. Moreover, the cuticle constitutes the first line of defense against pathogen invasion, while also protecting the plant from many abiotic stresses. Aliphatic monomers in cutin have been suggested to act as immune elicitors in plants. This study analyses the potential of cutin oligomers to activate rapid signaling outputs reminiscent of pattern-triggered immunity in the model plant Arabidopsis. Cutin oligomeric mixtures led to Ca2+ influx and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Comparable responses were measured for cutin, which was also able to induce a reactive oxygen species burst. Furthermore, cutin oligomer treatment resulted in a unique transcriptional reprogramming profile, having many archetypal features of pattern-triggered immunity. Targeted spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses of the cutin oligomers suggest that the elicitor compounds consist mostly of two up to three 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid monomers linked together through ester bonds. This study demonstrates that cutin breakdown products can act as inducers of early plant immune responses. Further investigation is needed to understand how cutin breakdowns are perceived and to explore their potential use in agriculture.
A Relationist Theory of Intentional Identity
Authors: Ninan Dilip 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This essay argues for a relationist treatment of intentional identity sentences like (1):
(1) Hob believes that a witch blighted Bob’s mare and Nob believes that she killed Cob’s sow.
According to relationism, facts of the form a believes that ϕ and b believes that ψ are not in general reducible to facts of the form c believes that χ. I first argue that extant, non-relationist treatments of intentional identity are unsatisfactory, and then go on to motivate and explore a relationist alternative in some detail. I show that the general thesis of relationism can be directly motivated via cases already discussed in the literature, and then develop a particular version of relationism couched in the possible worlds framework. The resulting theory avoids the problems facing its non-relationist rivals, and yields a natural account of the truth conditions of (1), truth conditions which can be generated in a compositional manner by a version of dynamic semantics. The theory also helps us to cleanly separate semantic questions about intentional identity from metasemantic ones.
NEural Engine for Discovering Luminous Events (NEEDLE): identifying rare transient candidates in real time from host galaxy images
Authors: Sheng Xinyue , Nicholl Matt , Smith Ken W , Young David R , Williams Roy D , Stevance Heloise F , Smartt Stephen J , Srivastav Shubham , Moore Thomas 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Known for their efficiency in analysing large data sets, machine learning-based classifiers have been widely used in wide-field sky survey pipelines. The upcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will generate millions of real-time alerts every night, enabling the discovery of large samples of rare events. Identifying such objects soon after explosion will be essential to study their evolution. Using ∼5400 transients from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) Bright Transient Survey as training and test data, we develop NEEDLE (NEural Engine for Discovering Luminous Events), a novel hybrid (convolutional neural network + dense neural network) classifier to select for two rare classes with strong environmental preferences: superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) preferring dwarf galaxies, and tidal disruption events (TDEs) occurring in the centres of nucleated galaxies. The input data includes (i) cutouts of the detection and reference images, (ii) photometric information contained directly in the alert packets, and (iii) host galaxy magnitudes from Pan-STARRS (Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System). Despite having only a few tens of examples of the rare classes, our average (best) completeness on an unseen test set reaches 73 per cent (86 per cent) for SLSNe and 80 per cent (87 per cent) for TDEs. While very encouraging for completeness, this may still result in relatively low purity for the rare transients, given the large class imbalance in real surveys. However, the goal of NEEDLE is to find good candidates for spectroscopic classification, rather than to select pure photometric samples. Our system will be deployed as an annotator on the UK alert broker, Lasair, to provide predictions of real-time alerts from ZTF and LSST to the community.
Detecting strongly lensed type Ia supernovae with LSST
Authors: Arendse Nikki , Dhawan Suhail , Sagués Carracedo Ana , Peiris Hiranya V , Goobar Ariel , Wojtak Radek , Alves Catarina , Biswas Rahul , Huber Simon , Birrer Simon ,   The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Strongly lensed supernovae are rare and valuable probes of cosmology and astrophysics. Upcoming wide-field time-domain surveys, such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), are expected to discover an order-of-magnitude more lensed supernovae than have previously been observed. In this work, we investigate the cosmological prospects of lensed type Ia supernovae (SNIa) in LSST by quantifying the expected annual number of detections, the impact of stellar microlensing, follow-up feasibility, and how to best separate lensed and unlensed SNIa. We simulate SNIa lensed by galaxies, using the current LSST baseline v3.0 cadence, and find an expected number of 44 lensed SNIa detections per year. Microlensing effects by stars in the lensing galaxy are predicted to lower the lensed SNIa detections by ∼8 per cent. The lensed events can be separated from the unlensed ones by jointly considering their colours and peak magnitudes. We define a ‘gold sample’ of ∼10 lensed SNIa per year with time delay &gt;10 d, &gt;5 detections before light curve peak, and sufficiently bright (mi &lt; 22.5 mag) for follow-up observations. In 3 yr of LSST operations, such a sample is expected to yield a 1.5 per cent measurement of the Hubble constant.
The radial variation of the LMC-induced reflex motion of the Milky Way disc observed in the stellar halo
Authors: Yaaqib Rashid , Petersen Michael S , Peñarrubia Jorge 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We measure the kinematic signature arising from the Milky Way (MW) disc moving with respect to the outer stellar halo, which is observed as a dipole signal in the kinematics of stellar halo tracers. We quantify how the reflex motion varies as a function of Galactocentric distance, finding that (i) the amplitude of the dipole signal increases as a function of radius, and (ii) the direction moves across the sky. We compare the reflex motion signal against a compilation of published models that follow the MW–LMC interaction. These models show a similar trend of increasing amplitude of the reflex motion as a function of distance, but they do not reproduce the direction of the disc motion with respect to the stellar halo well. We also report mean motions for the stellar halo as a function of distance, finding radial compression in the outer halo and non-zero prograde rotation at all radii. The observed compression signal is also present in MW–LMC models, but the rotation is not, which suggests that the latter is not induced by the LMC. We extensively validate our technique to measure reflex motion against idealized tests. We discuss prospects for directly constraining the mass and orbital history of the LMC through the impact on the motion of the MW stellar disc, and how the modelling of the reflex motion can be improved as more and better data become available.