bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Periodensystem aus der Haribo®‐Tüte
Authors: Schlicht Harald 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMithilfe von Haribo‐Konfekt lässt sich ein anschauliches Modell zur Erläuterung der grundsätzlichen Struktur des Periodensystems der Elemente erarbeiten. Dieses Vorgehen ist in einer 8. Klasse der Realschule (lt. Nds. Kerncurriculum) einsetzbar. Ein Periodensystem aus einer Gummibärentüte? Das klingt interessant und das soll es auch sein, insbesondere für die Schülerinnen und Schüler, die auf den ersten Blick sicherlich keinen Zusammenhang zwischen Spaß (den Süßwaren) und dem „bitteren“ Ernst des Lebens (Chemieunterricht) erkennen werden.
Bromwasser
Authors: Kreher Richard P. , Schmidkunz Heinz 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBromwasser ist ein attraktives und elegantes Reagenz für organische Verbindungen mit nucleophiler Reaktivität (Alkene, Cyclo‐ und Polyalkene, Phenole und Lebensmittelfarbstoffe). Die eindrucksvollen Experimente sind für einen interessanten und motivierenden Chemieunterricht an Schulen geeignet.
KEMIE: Kinder Erleben Mit Ihren Eltern Chemie
Authors: Sommer Katrin , Russek Adrian , Kleinhorst Helma 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDas Projekt KEMIE (Kinder Erleben Mit Ihren Eltern Chemie) ist ein langfristig angelegtes Eltern‐Kind‐Projekt, das sich an Kinder ab der 3. bis einschließlich der 6. Jahrgangsstufe und deren Eltern richtet. Dabei stehen die Eltern ihren Kindern als Experimentier‐ und Lernpartner zur Seite. Die Entwicklung der insgesamt neun Versuchstage, die über einen Zeitraum von Oktober bis Juni stattfinden, basiert auf einem didaktischen Konzept, das die Leitlinien „naturwissenschaftliche Denk‐ und Arbeitsweisen“, „Stoff‐Struktur‐Eigenschaften“ und „Alltagsbezug“ einschließt. Als Veranstaltungsort für das KEMIE‐Projekt wird ein außerschulischer Lernort, nämlich das Alfried Krupp‐Schülerlabor der Ruhr‐Universität Bochum, genutzt. In diesem Beitrag werden das didaktische Konzept und Schwerpunkte eines fachmethodischen Spiralcurriculums exemplarisch vorgestellt sowie erste Ergebnisse zur Annahme des Projektes durch die Teilnehmer präsentiert.
Asborin Inhibits Aldo/Keto Reductase 1A1
Authors: Scholz Matthias , Steinhagen Max , Heiker John T. , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAsborin is the carbaborane analogue of aspirin. Replacement of the phenyl ring in aspirin by ortho‐carbaborane was found to change the pharmacological profile of the compound remarkably. Unlike aspirin, asborin cannot selectively acetylate a single serine residue in the active site of cyclooxygenase, and as a result inhibitory potency is reduced. Activation of the acetyl group and the presence of the hydrophobic and bulky cluster therefore did not meet the requirements for cyclooxygenase inhibition. Both features, however, match perfectly for inhibition of the aldo/keto reductase family. Herein, we describe the identification of aldo/keto reductase (AKR) 1A1 as an enzymatic target of asborin, which is inhibited in the low micromolar range. The detailed mode of inhibition was studied and is discussed with respect to the cluster properties. The results shed light on how ortho‐carbaborane can be used as a drug synthon, as well as on the development of carbaborane‐based inhibitors of other aldo/keto reductases.
Devices to facilitate magic angle studies in peripheral MRI
Authors: Rea Marc , Tse Zion Tsz Ho , Elhawary Haytham , Lamperth Michael , Paley Martyn , Bydder Graeme M. , Young Ian R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPurpose: Four devices are described as variants of a single concept to assist the imaging of tissues with T2 relaxation times substantially influenced by dipolar coupling. The signal levels of such tissues are subjected to “magic angle” effects and determined by their orientation to B0. Methods: The pneumatically actuated devices remotely move patient's anatomy so that the angle of tissues relative to B0 can be easily adjusted within a closed‐bore MRI scanner. Images taken with tissues at various orientations are analyzed to study the dipolar coupling effects. The devices include: a small hand unit, a unit for the Achilles tendon, a 3DOF platform for imaging the knee, and an upper limb unit. Results: Results obtained with all four devices are illustrated, demonstrating their utility to manipulate anatomy in an MRI environment. Conclusion: The successful demonstration of the devices can facilitate a fuller clinical evaluation of magic angle‐related phenomena. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 37B: 220–225, 2010.
Effect of RF pulse sequence on temperature elevation for a given time‐average SAR
Authors: Wang Zhangwei , Collins Christopher M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn calculations of temperature increase during MRI, it is typically assumed adequate to consider the specific energy absorption rate (SAR) levels averaged over an entire repetition time (TR) rather than explicitly consider the heating (as it occurs in reality) during the RF pulses only. Here, we investigate this assumption with numerical calculations of SAR and temperature increase for a human head in a volume coil at 64 and 300 MHz during three very different pulse sequences, each having a TR of 200 ms and a time‐average whole‐head SAR of 3.0 W/kg, as well as with semianalytical calculations considering a gradient‐echo sequence in a segment of tissue with SAR of 10 W/kg delivered in a 1‐ms pulse with TR of up to 5,000 ms. Although it is possible to calculate a temporal effect of specific pulse sequence on temperature, the difference between pulse sequences is so small and so transient that it should typically be adequate to consider only the time‐average SAR in each TR. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 37B: 215–219, 2010.
Finite‐length shim coil design using a fourier series minimum inductance and minimum power algorithm
Authors: Hudson Parisa , Hudson Stephen D. , Handler William B. , Chronik Blaine A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHigh field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy are sensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneities caused by susceptibility differences between tissues, bone, and air. These inhomogeneities cause MR image artifacts and line broadening in MR spectra. To correct for these inhomogeneities, specialized shim coils are used in combination with the usual gradient systems. To produce realistic coils for use in human or small‐animal studies, direct control over the length of the coils is necessary. In this article, a simple method for the design of shim coils of arbitrary order and with predetermined length is presented. The method is based on a simple Fourier series expansion of the current density and either power or inductance can be minimized subject to a series of field constraints. The method is mathematically simple, easy to implement and computationally fast. A quantitative comparison of figures of merit for inductance and resistance was made as a function of shim coil length. Coils of 40 cm diameter were designed with lengths of 50, 60, 80, and 100 cm. Comparison of results obtained using the two design methods across all shim axes and coil lengths indicate very little performance difference between the two methods. The decreased complexity of the minimum power designs appears to outweigh any small benefits obtainable using the minimum inductance algorithm for the range of coils investigated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 37B: 245–253, 2010.
Three‐channel receive‐only RF coil for vertical‐field MR‐guided focused ultrasound surgery
Authors: Xuegang Xin , Yanqiu Feng , Jijun Han , Wufan Chen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFocused ultrasound plays an important role in local hyperthermia treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used for monitoring temperature during a thermal ablation of tumor tissues. The combination of these two technologies offers great advantages for oncology treatment. Currently, only horizontal‐field MR‐guided focused ultrasound systems are available clinically, but the circular magnetic field restricts the operational space during surgery. Vertical‐field open MR could provide wider access to patients during the ultrasound surgery and thus increase the potential clinical applications. A key component to facilitate such a system is the radio frequency (RF) coils. Common RF coils of vertical‐field MR are not adaptive to a combined system because there is no unhindered path for ultrasound beams to pass. A special three‐channel receive‐only RF coil with a 27 cm aperture to pass ultrasound beams was designed and reported first time. Phantom scan, body imaging, and temperature measurements were all taken with the specially designed prototype coil. The results show that the designed coil was functionally adaptive to the vertical‐field MR‐guided focused ultrasound system. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 37B: 237–244, 2010.
Language in Humans and Animals: Contribution of Brain Stimulation and Recording
Authors: Ojemann George A. , Creutzfeldt Otto D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Human Language Localization Based on Intraoperative Investigations with Electrical Stimulation MappingElectrical Stimulation as a Technique for Functional LocalizationIntrahemispheric Cortical Language Localization as Derived from Electrical Stimulation MappingNondominant Hemisphere: Language Localization as Derived from Electrical Stimulation MappingRole of Subcortical Structures in Language as Derived from Electrical Stimulation MappingElectrophysiological Correlates of Human Language Recorded Directly from the BrainElectrocorticographic Correlates of LanguageSingle‐Neuron Activity During LanguageParallel Investigations in Animals: Localization and Physiological Correlates of Brain Mechanisms Related to VocalizationElectrical StimulationPhysiological Correlates in Single‐Neuron Studies
Regulation of Airway Secretions, Ion Transport, and Water Movement
Authors: Nadel Jay A. , Widdicombe Jonathan H. , Peatfield Anthony C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Airway SecretionsSurface MucusSubmucosal GlandsEffects of Drugs and MediatorsHypertrophy of Mucus‐Secreting CellsIon Transport and Water MovementIntroductionMechanisms of Ion TransportRegulation of Ion TransportRelationship Between Ion Transport and Water Movement
Function‐Structure Correlations in Cilia from Mammalian Respiratory Tract
Authors: Satir Peter , Dirksen Ellen Roter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Distribution and General Organization of CiliaCiliogenesisAxonemeCiliary MembraneCiliary CrownFreeze‐Fracture Studies and Membrane OrganizationCiliary NecklaceSliding‐Microtubule MechanismGeometry of SlidingDirect Examination of SlidingStructure and Function of the Dynein ArmHuman DyneinControl of SlidingMutant StudiesSliding and Switching MechanismsCalcium Ions and Ciliary ArrestMembrane Control of Calcium Ion ConcentrationCalmodulinCiliary BeatMucociliary TransportPericiliary FluidMucous LayerFunction of MetachronismFactors Influencing Mucociliary ClearanceEffects of Sympathomimetic and Parasympathomimetic DrugsEffect of Local AnestheticsRelationship of Drug Effects to Axonemal ControlsCiliary Dysfunction in HumansGenetic and Structural ImplicationsSummary
Does corporate social responsibility influence profit margins? a case study of executive perceptions
Authors: Blomgren Atle 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThe literature on the business case for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has identified possible mechanisms for CSR to increase profits. Other parts of the CSR literature argue that any strategy yielding above‐average profits will be imitated by competitors and profits driven down to industry average; consequently, CSR may only be a strategy for achieving average profits. The empirical research on the relationship between CSR and profits, consisting mostly of quantitative studies, has thus far proved inconclusive and many studies are challenged on methodological grounds. This paper presents the results of interviews with senior executives of 15 of the largest textile companies on the Norwegian market. The aim of the paper is to investigate the relationship between CSR and profits while avoiding the most important methodological pitfalls of the quantitative research and acknowledging the distinction between CSR as a strategy for achieving average profits and as a strategy for achieving above‐average profits. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Preliminary results from an analog implementation of first‐order TDCNN dynamics
Authors: Ip Henry M. D. , Drakakis Emmanuel Mic. , Bharath Anil A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis work falls into the category of linear cellular neural network (CNN) implementations. We detail the first investigative attempt on the CMOS analog VLSI implementation of a recently proposed network formalism, which introduces time‐derivative ‘diffusion’ between CNN cells for nonseparable spatiotemporal filtering applications—the temporal‐derivative CNNs (TDCNNs). The reported circuit consists of an array of Gm‐C filters arranged in a regular pattern across space. We show that the state–space coupling between the Gm‐C‐based array elements realizes stable and linear first‐order (temporal) TDCNN dynamics. The implementation is based on linearized operational transconductance amplifiers and Class‐AB current mirrors. Measured results from the investigative prototype chip that confirms the stability and linearity of the realized TDCNN are provided. The prototype chip has been built in the AMS 0.35 µm CMOS technology and occupies a total area of 12.6 mm sq, while consuming 1.2 µW per processing cell. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active‐terminated transmitter and receiver circuits for high‐speed low‐swing duobinary signaling
Authors: Rao P. Vijaya Sankara , Mandal Pradip 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYIn this work, we propose transmitter and receiver circuits for high‐speed, low‐swing duobinary signaling over active‐terminated chip‐to‐chip interconnect. In active‐termination scheme port impedance of transmitter and receiver is matched with characteristic impedance of the interconnect. Elimination of the passive terminators helps in reducing the transmitted signal level without degrading the 0signal detectability of the receiver. High‐speed current‐mode receiver and transmitter circuits are designed, so that the input port impedance of the receiver and the output port impedance of the transmitter are matched with characteristic impedance of the link. These Tx–Rx pair is used to validate the proposed active‐termination scheme. We also propose a duobinary precoder architecture suitable for high‐speed operation and a low‐power broadband equalizer topology for compensating the lossy long interconnect. The duobinary transmitter and receiver circuits are implemented in 1.8 V, 0.18 µm Digital CMOS technology. The designed high‐speed duobinary Tx/Rx circuits work up to 8 Gb/s speed while transmitting the data over 29.5 in. FR4 PCB trace for a targeted bit error rate (BER) of 10−15. The power consumed in the transmitter and receiver circuits is 42.9 mW at 8 Gb/s. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FDCCII‐based electronically tunable voltage‐mode biquad filter
Authors: Kaçar Fırat , Yeşil Abdullah 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYIn this work, a voltage‐mode biquad filter realizing low‐pass, band‐pass and high‐pass characteristics is presented. The proposed filter, which employs two FDCCIIs, two grounded capacitors and two NMOS transistors, provides electronic tunability with the control voltage applied to the gate. NMOS transistors act as linear resistor. Furthermore, the proposed circuit still enjoys realization using a low number of active and passive components, no requirement with the component choice conditions to realize specific filtering functions, high input impedance, and low active and passive sensitivities performance. Simulation results using SPICE program are given to show the performance of the filter and verify the theory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐inflammatory and antiproliferative activities of crude extract and its fractions of the defensive secretion from the Mediterranean sponge, Spongia officinalis
Authors: Dellai Afef , Laroche‐Clary Audrey , Mhadhebi Lamia , Robert Jacque , Bouraoui Abderrahman 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe fact that conventional and newly emerging treatment procedures like chemotherapy, catalytic therapy, photodynamic therapy, and radiotherapy have not succeeded in reversing the outcome of many cancers alternative treatment options has been explored. This study documents the identification of component(s) from the Mediterranean sponge, Spongia officinalis that have anti‐inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. In the present study we investigated the efficacy of a crude extract and its semi‐purified fractions (F1–F3) of the defensive secretion from Spongia officinalis for in vivo anti‐inflammatory activity using the carrageenan‐induced paw edema assay in rats and their in vitro antiproliferative effects against three human cancer cell lines (A549, lung cell carcinoma; HCT15, colon cell carcinoma; and MCF7, breast adenocarcinoma). Among the series, the crude extract exhibited interesting anti‐inflammatory activity associated with significant growth and concentration‐related colony inhibitory effects against the three cell lines. The fractions F2 and F3 showed, respectively, interesting anti‐inflammatory and antiproliferative activities in a dose‐dependent manner. The purification and the determination of chemical structures of compounds of these active fractions are under investigation. Drug Dev Res 71: 412–418, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sulbutiamine in sports
Authors: Sobolevsky Tim , Rodchenkov Grigory 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSulbutiamine (isobutyryl thiamine disulfide) is a lipophilic derivative of thiamine used for the treatment of asthenia and other related pathological conditions. It is available over‐the‐counter in several countries either as a component of nutritional supplements or as a pharmaceutical preparation. The presence of sulbutiamine in urinary doping control samples was monitored to evaluate the relevance of its use in sports. As one of the sulbutiamine metabolites has very close retention time and the same characteristic ion (m/z 194) as the main boldenone metabolite, the raw data files generated from the screening for anabolic steroids were automatically reprocessed to identify the samples containing sulbutiamine. It was found that of ca. 16 000 samples analyzed in the Russian laboratory during 2009, about 100 samples contained sulbutiamine. It is important to note that most of these samples were collected in‐competition, and sulbutiamine concentration was estimated to be greater than 500 ng/ml. This may indicate that sulbutiamine was intentionally administered for its ergogenic and mild stimulating properties. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of fibroblast growth factor signaling during proepicardium formation in the chick embryo
Authors: Torlopp Angela , Schlueter Jan , Brand Thomas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCOVER PHOTOGRAPH: 3‐D reconstruction of the Tbx18 expression domain demarcating the proepicardium of a HH stage 16 embryo. The proepicardium is viewed from the ventral side and is characterized by extensive outgrowth of mesothelial cells forming the typical villous structure of the proepicardium in the chick. On the left side a small Tbx18 stained proepicardium, which lacks the villous outgrowth is seen. From Torlopp et al., Developmental Dynamics 239:2393–2403, 2010.
Comparison of protein precipitation methods for various rat brain structures prior to proteomic analysis
Authors: Fic Ewelina , Kedracka‐Krok Sylwia , Jankowska Urszula , Pirog Artur , Dziedzicka‐Wasylewska Marta 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSample preparation is a fundamental step in proteomic methodologies. The quality of the results from a proteomic experiment is dependent on the nature of the sample and the properties of the proteins. In this study, various pre‐treatment methods were compared by proteomic analysis; we analysed various rat brain structures after chloroform/methanol, acetone, TCA/acetone and TCA protein precipitation procedures. The protein content of the supernatant was also examined by 2‐DE. We found that for four of the rat brain structures, precipitation with chloroform/methanol and acetone delivered the highest protein recovery for top‐down proteomic analysis; however, TCA precipitation resulted in good protein separation and the highest number of protein spots in 2‐DE. Moreover, TCA precipitation also gave high efficiency of protein recovery if prior sonication procedure was performed.
Study on the influence of cross‐sectional area and zeta potential on separation for hybrid‐chip‐based capillary electrophoresis using 3‐D simulations
Authors: Wu Zeng‐Qiang , Cao Xiao‐Dan , Chen Lu , Zhang Jian‐Rong , Xia Xing‐Hua , Fang Qun , Chen Hong‐Yuan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHybrid chips combing microchips with capillaries have displayed particular advantages in achieving UV‐vis and mass spectroscopic detection. In this work, systematic 3‐D numerical simulations have been carried out to explore the influence of junction interface cross‐sectional area and ζ‐potential distribution on sample band broadening in hybrid‐chip electrophoresis separation. In this case, the ratio of cross‐sectional area of chip to capillary channel (Sratio) is used as the parameter of the variation in junction interface cross‐sectional area. Theoretical simulations demonstrated that the decrease of the Sratio would increase the separation efficiency in the hybrid‐chip‐based CE with uniform ζ‐potential distribution. ζ‐potential distribution along the axial direction of the channel also affects mass transport in hybrid‐chip‐based CE. Therefore, the effect of ζ‐potential distribution has been considered in the 3‐D simulation. Theoretical simulation results reveal that ζ‐potential distribution rather than the interface cross‐sectional area variation (Sratio) controls the sample band broadening and manipulates sample separation efficiency in the hybrid‐chip‐based CE with non‐uniform ζ‐potential distribution. Both the theoretical simulations and experimental results show that optimal hybrid‐chip CE separation efficiency can be achieved at Sratio=1.
Novel and highly sensitive mixed‐polymeric electrokinetic chromatography system for determination of contaminants and impurities of heparin samples
Authors: Tripodi Valeria , Flor Sabrina , Dobrecky Cecilia , Contin Mario , Lucangioli Silvia 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA mixed‐polymeric electrokinetic chromatography system has been developed for the simultaneous determination of a contaminant like oversulfated condroitin sulfate (OSCS) and impurities expressed as dermatan (Der) in heparin (Hep) samples. The EKC system consisted of 0.5% w/v polymeric β‐CD, 0.4% w/v tetronic® 1107 and 400 mM tris‐phosphate buffer at pH 3.5. The optimized electrophoretic conditions included the use of an uncoated‐silica capillary of 50 cm of total length and 75 μm id, an applied voltage of −7 kV, a temperature of 30°C and 200 nm UV‐detection. The highly sensitive method developed showed low values of LOD, 0.07% w/w (0.07 μg/mL) (OSCS) and 0.1% w/w (0.1 μg/mL) (Der), and values of LOQ 0.2% w/w (0.2 μg/mL) (OSCS) and 0.3% w/w (0.3 μg/mL) (Der) with a concentration level of Hep sample as low as 0.1 mg/mL. Additional parameters of validation such as specificity, linearity, accuracy, and robustness were evaluated according to international guidelines. Owing to its simplicity, high sensitivity, and reliability, the proposed method can be an advantageous alternative to the traditional methodologies for the analysis of Hep in raw material and specially in finished products because of the low amounts of Hep sample required.