bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Additive Estimation
Authors: Park Juhyun , Seifert Burkhardt 
Published: January 2010

SummaryAdditive models are popular in high dimensional regression problems owing to their flexibility in model building and optimality in additive function estimation. Moreover, they do not suffer from the so-called curse of dimensionality generally arising in non-parametric regression settings. Less known is the model bias that is incurred from the restriction to the additive class of models. We introduce a new class of estimators that reduces additive model bias, yet preserves some stability of the additive estimator. The new estimator is constructed by localizing the additivity assumption and thus is named the local additive estimator. It follows the spirit of local linear estimation but is shown to be able to relieve partially the dimensionality problem. Implementation can be easily made with any standard software for additive regression. For detailed analysis we explicitly use the smooth backfitting estimator of Mammen, Linton and Nielsen.
INTO CLEANNESS LEAPING: THE VERTIGINOUS URGE TO COMMIT HISTORY
Authors: RUNIA EELCO 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTSurely one of the key issues in historiography is how to account for those mind‐boggling and sometimes extremely bloody events in which we enter something really, sublimely new. In this essay my point of departure is that retrospectively it is almost impossible even for the historical actors themselves to get access to the contingent, irrational, “sacrilegious” aspect of the sublime event they brought about. In order to get a grip on the evanescent essence of the historical sublime, I propose to bring to a head, instead of leveling down, the tension that characterizes all historical and biographical discontinuities: the tension between the fact that discontinuities are made by the participants, yet are portrayed by these very participants as having come as a surprise. I will argue that discontinuity is not a regrettable side‐effect of our ambition to attain goals that are in line with our identity, but that every now and then we give in to the urge to cut ourselves loose from our moorings. A key concept of the perspective that with sublime historical events “in the beginning is the deed” is vertigo. Vertigo may feel like a fear of falling, but really it is a wish to jump, covered by a fear of falling. Vertigo predisposes, as psychoanalysts say, to “counterphobic” behavior. Giving in to vertigo is a strategy for escaping from an unbearable tension by doing something—by breaking apart from what one used to cherish, by eating the apple, by committing an “original sin”. Making history—in the sense of embarking upon something that is as sublimely new as the French Revolution or the First World War—thus is not a matter of pursuing some interest but of willfully fleeing forward into the unknown.
THE TRUE FACE OF MOUNT LU: ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PERSPECTIVES AND PARADIGMS1
Authors: LONGXI ZHANG 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTFrom a hermeneutic point of view, understanding is always conditioned by one's own horizon and perspective. as the great poet Su Shi remarks, we do not know the “true face of Mount Lu” because what we see constantly changes as we move high or low, far off or up close. But the point of the “hermeneutic circle” is not to legitimize the circularity or subjectivity of one's understanding, but to make us conscious of the challenge. How do we understand China, its history and culture? What should be the appropriate paradigm or perspective for China studies? More than twenty years ago, Paul Cohen argued for a “China‐centered” approach to understanding Chinese history, but to assume an insider's perspective does not guarantee adequate understanding any more than does an outsider's position guarantee emancipation from an insider's myopia or blindness. By discussing several exemplary cases in China studies, this essay argues that neither insiders nor outsiders have monopolistic or privileged access to knowledge, and that integration of different perspectives and their dynamic interaction beyond the isolation of native Chinese scholarship and Western Sinology may lead us to a better understanding of China and its history.
HISTORY AND INCOMPLETENESS
Authors: MATSUDA MATT 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTVera Schwarcz's Place and Memory in the Singing Crane Garden examines the moral, philosophical, and historical meanings of a garden built by a Manchu Chinese prince, subsequently destroyed by British imperialists, commandeered by Red Guard radicals, and finally transformed into the grounds of an art museum. Reading Singing Crane Garden in the context of Schwarcz's previous writings on Chinese intellectuals and Jewish traditions, as well as insights provided by critical philosophers and geographers, this essay explores the moral and ethical dimensions of locating history in specific “emplacements”. The argument begins by examining the phenomenology of place articulated by Edward Casey, weaves through discussions of Chinese spatiality, embodiment, and garden aesthetics, and comments on Schwarcz's study of broken monuments and stele through comparisons with Classical Chinese writers and the contemporary American poet Louise Glück. Comparisons are made between the destruction of the garden by the British forces of James Elgin, the murder of the journalist Thomas Bowlby, and the purging, imprisonment, torture, and brutality against scholars and intellectuals by the Red Guards under Mao. The essay closes with commentaries on Schwarcz's reflections concerning continuing global atrocities, and new insights into the ways that understanding landscape architecture as a form of history can bring meaning to questions of memory, loss, and the desire to evoke unrecoverable experiences.
A NEW ORIENTALISM?
Authors: BANN STEPHEN 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTJean‐Louis Schefer's study takes as its point of departure Uccello's predella, Profanation of the Host. The painting in question has generally been interpreted within the context of medieval anti‐Semitism. However, Schefer argues that the meaning of the work, and of numerous other representations of this particular miracle, must be referred ultimately to the codification by Charlemagne of the dogma of the Real Presence. Uccello's painting in effect makes manifest the requirement that the profaned host should reveal its nature through the gushing of blood. This also involves a political significance, since the Carolingian theology organized around the consecrated host stands in direct opposition to the Byzantine theology of the icon. Schefer's argument leads him to make a thorough investigation not only of the many iconographic precedents, but also of some key Latin texts such as the Libri Carolini, which are published in a French translation. It also advances a methodology that is strikingly at variance with some of the more simple‐minded attempts of historians to crack the codes of a complex visual tradition. One of its most original aspects is the new light that the overall thesis casts upon extremely well‐known texts like The Merchant of Venice and Dracula. Thus the tendency to identify vampirism as an East European phenomenon, already discernible in Western sources in the eighteenth century, is shown to be closely linked to the historical extension of the myth of Profanation of the Host. In exploring the outcomes of this doctrinal split between East and West, Schefer has identified a deep fault‐line in post‐antique European history whose consequences are far from being understood at the present day.
ELECTIVE AFFINITIES AND THEIR PHILOSOPHY
Authors: CARRIER DAVID 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT Elective Affinities: Musical Essays on the History of Aesthetic Theory collects a selection of Lydia Goehr's recent essays. In them she traces “a history of attraction and reaction … of music to philosophy, drama, birdsong, crime, film, and nationhood” (ix). Goehr examines the ways that philosophers, the ideas that they present, and works of art display “elective affinities”. Her procedure is like that of an art historian who presents parallel slides to reveal visual affinities, even between artists who themselves were unaware of each other. Her analyses are erudite, lucid, and always suggestive, but what I found most admirable in Elective Affinities is Goehr's extraordinarily brave experimentation with a novel form of philosophy‐writing, the adumbration of which is the focus of this review. Her book is strange enough to be genuinely magnificent and lastingly influential.
BACK TO BASICS
Authors: SCOTT JOAN W. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThe review argues that, while Fish's book is undoubtedly a corrective to the most extreme examples of polemical teaching, it oversimplifies the difficulties academics face in trying to create sharp distinctions between politics and scholarship. The radical disconnection he advocates does not address the most difficult situations in which lines cannot be clearly drawn between the substance of academic research and teaching and the politics of the process of knowledge production itself.
Children's services in the iron cage of performance management: street‐level bureaucracy and the spectre of Švejkism
Authors: Wastell D. , White S. , Broadhurst K. , Peckover S. , Pithouse A. 
Published: January 2010

Wastell D, White S, Broadhurst K, Peckover S, Pithouse A. Children's services in the iron cage of performance management: street‐level bureaucracy and the spectre of ŠvejkismInt J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 310–320 © 2010 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and International Journal of Social Welfare.Recent UK government reforms have introduced a range of measures to regulate practice in child welfare, with professional work increasingly structured into formal processes embedded in information technology. This prompts obvious anxieties about the erosion of professional discretion. Using Lipsky's concept of the street‐level bureaucrat, we report on an ethnographical study examining how social workers organise their practice in an atmosphere of performance management. Clear indications of attenuated discretion are revealed, reflecting the shift to a managerial model of control. Of concern is the emergence of a pattern of formally conformant behaviour in which the letter of the organisational law is obeyed but without genuine commitment. Drawing on the anti‐hero of Hašek's celebrated satire, we denote this form of passive resistance ‘Švejkism’. While showing up the absurdities of excessive managerial power, such behaviours are ultimately dysfunctional for the organisation; an alternative governance paradigm, based on professional values, is briefly outlined.
New Neighbourhoods, New Citizens? Challenging ‘Community’ as a Framework for Social and Moral Regeneration under New Labour in the UK
Authors: WALLACE ANDREW 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe article asserts that a model of ‘community’ was used by the UK's New Labour government as a normative rationale for the regeneration and governance of designated urban spaces. The goal of this article is to offer a critical examination of the basis and application of this rationale, arguing that it inscribed aspects of social and urban policy with an anaemic meaning of ‘community’ which foreclosed the multiplicities, tensions and differences of the local. In particular, the article will argue that in seeking to empower ‘cohesive’ and ‘sustainable’ communities, policy circumscribed local voices and obscured the complex interplay that constitutes local life worlds. It will offer a grounded three‐part critical review of the depoliticized account of ‘community’ propagated by New Labour and argue for a more nuanced analysis of the neighbourhood as an unstable field of social exchange that problematizes attempts at ‘empowerment’ and neighbourhood management.Résumé Le gouvernement du New Labour britannique s’est servi d’un modèle de ‘communauté’ comme logique normative pour la régénération et la gouvernance d’espaces urbains définis. Offrant un examen critique du fondement et de l’application de cette logique, l’article avance que celle‐ci a marqué certains aspects des politiques publiques sociales et urbaines d’une signification anémique de la ‘communauté’ qui exclut les multiplicités, tensions et différences propres au local. En visant une autonomie de communautés ‘homogènes’ et ‘pérennes’, l’action publique a notamment limité les prises de parole locales et embrouillé les interactions complexes qui constituent les univers de la vie locale. L’article propose une étude critique motivée en trois parties du récit dépolitisé de la ‘communauté’ diffusé par le New Labour. De plus, il défend une analyse plus nuancée du quartier en tant que champ instable d’échange social, qui met en question les tentatives de gestion des quartiers et d’autonomisation par empowerment.
Rating scales for dystonia in cerebral palsy: reliability and validity
Authors: MONBALIU E , ORTIBUS E , ROELENS F , DESLOOVERE K , DEKLERCK J , PRINZIE P , DE COCK P , FEYS H 
Published: January 2010

Aim This study investigated the reliability and validity of the Barry–Albright Dystonia Scale (BADS), the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Movement Scale (BFMMS), and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale (UDRS) in patients with bilateral dystonic cerebral palsy (CP).Method Three raters independently scored videotapes of 10 patients (five males, five females; mean age 13y 3mo, SD 5y 2mo, range 5–22y). One patient each was classified at levels I–IV in the Gross Motor Function Classification System and six patients were classified at level V. Reliability was measured by (1) intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for interrater reliability, (2) standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable difference (SDD), and (3) Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency. Validity was assessed by Pearson’s correlations among the three scales used and by content analysis.Results Moderate to good interrater reliability was found for total scores of the three scales (ICC: BADS=0.87; BFMMS=0.86; UDRS=0.79). However, many subitems showed low reliability, in particular for the UDRS. SEM and SDD were respectively 6.36% and 17.72% for the BADS, 9.88% and 27.39% for the BFMMS, and 8.89% and 24.63% for the UDRS. High internal consistency was found. Pearson’s correlations were high. Content validity showed insufficient accordance with the new CP definition and classification.Interpretation Our results support the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the scales; however, taking into consideration the limitations in reliability, including the large SDD values and the content validity, further research on methods of assessment of dystonia is warranted.
The relationship between unimanual capacity and bimanual performance in children with congenital hemiplegia
Authors: SAKZEWSKI LEANNE , ZIVIANI JENNY , BOYD ROSLYN 
Published: January 2010

Aim  This study explores the relationship between unimanual capacity and bimanual performance for children with congenital hemiplegia aged 5 to 16 years. It also examines the relationship between impairments and unimanual capacity and bimanual performance.Method  Participants in this cross‐sectional study attended a screening assessment before participating in a large, randomized trial. They comprised 70 children with congenital hemiplegia (39 males, 31 females; mean age 10y 6mo, SD 3y); 18 were classified in the Manual Ability Classification System level I, 51 in level II, and one in level III. Eighteen were in Gross Motor Function Classification System, level I and 52 in level II. Sixty‐five participants had spasticity and five had dystonia and spasticity. Fifteen typically developing children (7 males, 8 females; mean age 8y 8mo, SD 2y 7mo), matched to study participants for age and sex, were recruited as a comparison group for measures of sensation, grip strength, and movement efficiency. Outcome measures for unimanual capacity were the Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function (MUUL), and the Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT). The Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) evaluated bimanual performance. Upper limb impairments were measured using assessments of stereognosis, moving two‐point discrimination, spasticity, and grip strength.Results  There was a strong relationship between unimanual capacity (MUUL) and bimanual performance (AHA; r=0.83). Linear regression indicated MUUL and stereognosis accounted for 75% of the variance in AHA logit scores. Sensory measures were moderately correlated with unimanual capacity and bimanual performance. Age, sex, and grip strength did not significantly influence bimanual performance. There was no difference between children with right‐ and left‐sided hemiplegia for motor performance.Interpretation  Findings of our study confirm a strong relationship between unimanual capacity and bimanual performance in a cohort of children with congenital hemiplegia. However, the directionality of the relationship is unknown and therapists cannot assume improvements in unimanual capacity will lead to gains in bimanual performance.
Effectiveness of functional progressive resistance exercise strength training on muscle strength and mobility in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: SCHOLTES VANESSA A , BECHER JULES G , COMUTH ANTON , DEKKERS HURNET , VAN DIJK LIESEKE , DALLMEIJER ANNET J 
Published: January 2010

Aim  To evaluate the effectiveness of functional progressive resistance exercise (PRE) strength training on muscle strength and mobility in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Method  Fifty‐one children with spastic uni‐ and bilateral CP; (29 males, 22 females; mean age 10y 5mo, SD 1y 10mo, range 6y 0mo–13y 10mo; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I–III) were randomized to the intervention group (n=26) or the control group (n=25, receiving usual care). The intervention group trained for 12 weeks, three times a week, on a five‐exercise circuit, which included a leg‐press and functional exercises. The training load progressively increased based on the child’s maximum level of strength, determined by the eight‐repetition maximum. Muscle strength (measured with hand‐held dynamometry and a six‐repetition maximum leg‐press test), mobility (measured with the Gross Motor Function Measure, two functional tests, and a mobility questionnaire), and spasticity (measured by the appearance of a catch) were evaluated before, during, directly after, and 6 weeks after the end of training by two blinded research assistants.Results  Directly after training, there was a statistically significant effect (p<0.05) on muscle strength (knee extensors +12% [0.56N/kg; 95% confidence interval {CI} 0.13–0.99]; hip abductors +11% [0.27N/kg; 95% CI 0.00–0.54]; total +8% [1.30N/kg; 95% CI 0.56–2.54]; six‐repetition maximum +14% [14%; 95% CI 1.99–26.35]), but not on mobility or spasticity. A detraining effect was seen after 6 weeks.Interpretation  Twelve weeks of functional PRE strength training increases muscle strength up to 14%. This strength gain did not lead to improved mobility.
Stability of motor problems in young children with or at risk of autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, and or developmental coordination disorder
Authors: VAN WAELVELDE HILDE , OOSTRA ANN , DEWITTE GRIET , VAN DEN BROECK CHRISTINE , JONGMANS MARIAN J 
Published: January 2010

Aim  The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of motor problems in a clinically referred sample of children with, or at risk of, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and/or developmental coordination disorder (DCD).Method  Participants were 49 children (39 males, 10 females; mean age 5y 6mo, SD 10mo) with various developmental problems, a Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M‐ABC) score on or below the 15th centile, and an IQ of 70 or more. Sixteen children were at risk of developing ADHD, 15 children had a diagnosis of, or were at risk of developing ASD, and 18 children had neither diagnosis. Children were reassessed 2 to 3 years later.Results  At follow‐up (mean age 7y 11mo; SD 1y), the mean M‐ABC score was significantly increased, and in 22 children was no longer below the 15th centile. A general linear model to compare the difference in M‐ABC scores in the three groups of children demonstrated a significant difference between groups (p=0.013), with the age at the initial assessment as a significant covariate (p=0.052). The group of children with or at risk of ASD showed less improvement in motor performance.Interpretation  Motor problems among preschool age children are not always stable, but appear to be so in most children with ASDs.
Anticipatory postural adjustments in a bimanual load‐lifting task in children with developmental coordination disorder
Authors: JOVER MARIANNE , SCHMITZ CHRISTINA , CENTELLES LAURIE , CHABROL BRIGITTE , ASSAIANTE CHRISTINE 
Published: January 2010

Aim  Postural control is a fundamental component of action in which deficits have been shown to contribute to motor difficulties in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The purpose of this study was to examine anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in children with DCD in a bimanual load‐lifting task.Method  Sixteen children with reported motor problems (two females, 14 males; mean age 9y; SD 2y) and 16 typically developing, age‐matched children (six females, 10 males; mean age 9y; SD 2y) took part in the study. The task required the children to maintain a stable elbow angle, despite imposed or voluntary unloading of the forearm. APAs were assessed using electromyography and kinematics analysis.Results  Although children with DCD could compensate for the consequences of unloading, the results demonstrated that APAs were less efficient in children with DCD than in typically developing children. A positive and significant coefficient of regression between the flexor inhibition latency and the postural stabilization was only found in typically developing children.Interpretation  The impaired fine‐tuning of the muscle contribution and the poor stabilization performances demonstrate poor predictive modelling in DCD.
Regulation of MCP‐1 production in brain by stress and noradrenaline‐modulating drugs
Authors: Madrigal Jose L. M. , Garcia‐Bueno Borja , Hinojosa Ara E. , Polak Paul , Feinstein Douglas L. , Leza Juan C. 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 543–551.AbstractWhile it is accepted that noradrenaline (NA) reduction in brain contributes to the progression of certain neurodegenerative diseases, the mechanisms through which NA exerts its protective actions are not well known. We previously reported that NA induced production of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP‐1/CCL2) in cultured astrocytes mediated some of the neuroprotective actions of NA. We have now examined the regulation of MCP‐1 production in vivo. Treatment of mice with the NA precursor l‐threo‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylserine induced the production of MCP‐1 in astrocytes. In contrast, exposure to stress (a process known to elevate brain NA levels) produced only a moderate increase of MCP‐1 because of the inhibitory activity of glucocorticoids released during the stress response. Similarly, corticosterone treatment of astrocytes caused a reduction of constitutive as well as the NA‐induced MCP‐1 production. When stressed rats had the production of glucocorticoids blocked by the selective inhibitor metyrapone, a large increase of MCP‐1 concentration was observed in cortex, whereas propranolol (a beta adrenergic receptor blocker) avoided modifications of MCP‐1 after stress. Desipramine (an inhibitor of NA reuptake) also caused an increase of MCP‐1 in cortex. These data suggest that some phenomena caused by the alteration of NA or glucocorticoids could be mediated by MCP‐1.