bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scripting a holistic Rx for process improvement at Palmetto Health imaging centers
Authors: Ahire Sanjay L. , Malhotra Manoj K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractConstrained by the technical nature of patient treatment, the special physician‐patient relationship, and the general lack of broader perspectives of performance improvement, the health‐care sector has generally lagged behind the manufacturing industry and other service sectors, such as banking, in the systematic application of process‐improvement approaches. This article details a systemwide project to improve Palmetto Health Richland's network of imaging centers in the Columbia, South Carolina, metropolitan area. Begun as a narrowly focused, internal process‐improvement project, it concluded with strategic decisions affecting the hospital's marketing and capacity management. The lessons from this case should alert hospital administrators and process‐improvement specialists about the critical importance of identifying the correct goals and scope of a specific project; listening to the voice of the customer, the business, the process, and the resources; encouraging fact‐based solutions through holistic and creative thinking; and using the right analytic tools to gauge and ensure real performance improvements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The surgical management of goiter: Part II. Surgical treatment and results
Authors: Randolph Gregory W. , Shin Jennifer J. , Grillo Hermes C. , Mathisen Doug , Katlic Mark R. , Kamani Dipti , Zurakowski David 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Surgery for goiter embodies a unique challenge. Our objective is to provide a comprehensive analysis of cervical and substernal goiter data in two paired articles. This second article focuses on surgical management. The following null hypotheses regarding goiter excision have been tested: 1) there are no goiter‐associated risk factors for difficult intubation; 2) there are no predictive risk factors for recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (RLN) or postoperative hypocalcemia; 3) there is no difference in RLN injury with neural monitoring versus without.Study Design:A retrospective review of 200 consecutive thyroidectomies meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria for cervical or substernal goiter.Results:Temporary RLN paralysis occurred in 1.8% of nerves at risk and was significantly lower with recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring than without. Permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in 3% overall. Bilateral cervical goiter emerged as a definitive risk factor for difficult intubation (P = .05, univariate), recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (P = .002), and postoperative hypocalcemia (P = .001). Female patients (P = .04) or patients with positive family history (P = .01) were more likely to need repeat surgery. There were no cases of tracheomalacia, and sternotomy was required in 1%.Conclusions:In this series of patients with extensive goiter, primary and revision surgery were associated with low rate of complications. Surgical complications were associated with bilateral and large goiters suggesting increased caution in these patients. Laryngoscope, 2011
Towards Highly Substituted Starburst Macromolecular Semiconductors: Microwave Synthesis, Spectroscopy and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Lai Wen‐Yong , Liu Dong , Huang Wei 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAs part of a strategy to explore highly functionalized macromolecular semiconductors, a series of highly substituted twelve‐armed macromolecules F1CzTr‐F3CzTr consisting of truxene, 9‐phenylcarbazole and oligofluorene units were synthesized. To accomplish the synthesis of twelve‐armed targets, a high yield microwave enhanced synthesis method for direct twelve‐fold Suzuki couplings was developed. The resulting materials exhibited high purity and good monodispersity (PDI 1.01–1.03). The molecular weight of the compound F3CzTr achieved 14 266 g · mol−1, representing one of the largest well‐defined starburst conjugated molecules. The thermal, photophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated. magnified image
Fyn is induced by Ras/PI3K/Akt signaling and is required for enhanced invasion/migration
Authors: Yadav Vipin , Denning Mitchell F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSrc family kinases (SFKs) are frequently over‐expressed and/or activated in human cancers, and play key roles in cancer cell invasion, metastasis, proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. Allosteric activation of SFKs occurs through well‐defined post‐translational mechanisms, however the SFK member Fyn is over‐expressed in multiple human cancers (prostate, melanoma, pancreatic, glioma, chronic myelogenous leukemia) and the mechanism of increased Fyn expression is unclear. Since activation of Ras oncogenes is a common oncogenic event leading to the activation of multiple effector pathways, we explored if Ras could induce Fyn expression. Retroviral transduction of the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT with oncogenic H‐Ras dramatically up‐regulated Fyn mRNA (>100‐fold, P < 0.001), protein, and kinase activity without affecting Src levels or activity. Activation of Akt, but not MAPK or EGFR, was necessary and sufficient for induction of Fyn by H‐Ras. Expression of active Fyn was sufficient to increase HaCaT cell migration and invasion, and the enhanced migration and invasion induced by H‐Ras could be significantly blocked (70% reduction, P < 0.01) by knockdown of Fyn with a specific siRNA or inhibition of SFKs with PP2. In addition, expression of Fyn in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells was dependent on PI3K activity and was involved in their invasive phenotype. Thus, the Ras/PI3K/Akt pathway can account for Fyn over‐expression in cancers, and Fyn is a critical mediator of the Ras‐stimulated invasive cell phenotype. These results support the development of therapeutic strategies targeting Akt/Fyn pathway to block migration and invasion of tumor cells. Mol. Carcinog. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A low‐cost, goal‐oriented ‘compact proper orthogonal decomposition’ basis for model reduction of static systems
Authors: Carlberg Kevin , Farhat Charbel 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA novel model reduction technique for static systems is presented. The method is developed using a goal‐oriented framework, and it extends the concept of snapshots for proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to include (sensitivity) derivatives of the state with respect to system input parameters. The resulting reduced‐order model generates accurate approximations due to its goal‐oriented construction and the explicit ‘training’ of the model for parameter changes. The model is less computationally expensive to construct than typical POD approaches, since efficient multiple right‐hand side solvers can be used to compute the sensitivity derivatives. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on a parameterized aerospace structure problem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A finite element method based on C0‐continuous assumed gradients
Authors: Wolff S. , Bucher C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article presents an alternative approach to assumed gradient methods in FEM applied to three‐dimensional elasticity. Starting from nodal integration (NI), a general C0‐continuous assumed interpolation of the deformation gradient is formulated. The assumed gradient is incorporated using the principle of Hu‐Washizu. By dual Lagrange multiplier spaces, the functional is reduced to the displacements as the only unknowns. An integration scheme is proposed where the integration points coincide with the support points of the interpolation. Requirements for regular finite element meshes are explained. Using this interpretation of NI, instabilities (appearance of spurious modes) can be explained. The article discusses and classifies available strategies to stabilize NI such as penalty methods, SCNI, α‐FEM. Related approaches, such as the smoothed finite element method, are presented and discussed. New stabilization techniques for NI are presented being entirely based on the choice of the assumed gradient interpolation, i.e. nodal‐bubble support, edge‐based support and support using tensor‐product interpolations. A strategy is presented on how the interpolation functions can be derived for various element types. Interpolation functions for the first‐order hexahedral element, the first‐order and the second‐order tetrahedral elements are given. Numerous examples illustrate the strengths and limitations of the new schemes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive and negative effects of external influences on program design
Authors: Hetling Andrea , Botein Hilary 
Published: December 2010

AbstractProgram fidelity to initial design is a critical measure in implementation research and often considered an important element of program success. This approach assumes that a program's initial design is immune to the influence of external forces and is based entirely on sound evidence, theory, and practice. Using a permanent supportive housing program for domestic violence victims as a case study, this research examines how external influences may affect program theory and design and evaluates whether such influences are perceived as opportunities or barriers by program administrators. Findings, based on document review, stakeholder interviews, and focus groups, reveal that funding and physical site characteristics, and to a lesser degree, community support and professional standards, were important external influences. Both opportunities and barriers affected program design, but these effects differed in timing and degree.
Parental adjustment to the completion of their child's cancer treatment
Authors: Wakefield Claire E. , McLoone Jordana K. , Butow Phyllis , Lenthen Kate , Cohn Richard J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractChildhood cancer treatment completion is a significant milestone. However, coming off treatment may be a time of psychological vulnerability for parents. This review assesses published research (1979–2009) on the psychosocial impact of treatment completion on parents. Fifteen articles met all inclusion criteria and demonstrated that while they celebrate treatment completion, parents (particularly mothers) can experience significant distress, including fear of recurrence, fatigue, and loneliness. Distress appears to ease with time, possibly as the perceived risk of relapse declines. Continued psychosocial support specifically targeting parents' risk perceptions, physical and emotional fatigue, social isolation, and parenting concerns post‐treatment is warranted. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:524–531. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
One‐source peptide/phosphopeptide standards for accurate phosphorylation degree determination
Authors: Hahn Bettina , Böhm Martin , Raia Valentina , Zinn Nico , Möller Peter , Klingmüller Ursula , Lehmann Wolf‐Dieter 
Published: December 2010

AbstractReversible protein phosphorylation is a key mediator for intracellular signal transduction. Here we report an innovative method for accurate, site‐specific protein phosphorylation degree determination by nanoLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. A stable isotope‐labeled pair of peptide/phosphopeptide standards with volumetrically defined molar ratio is used as reference, providing an internal standard for both the analyte peptide and the phosphopeptide. For the preparation of one‐source peptide/phosphopeptide standards, an aliquot of the labeled phosphopeptide standard is quantitatively dephosphorylated, yielding an equimolar solution of the peptide standard. Subsequently, the two solutions are mixed at a 1:1 or other volumetric ratio, which equals the molar ratio. This procedure assures a defined concentration ratio of both components that is independent from their absolute concentration. We demonstrate the applicability of the one‐source peptide/phosphopeptide standard method by determining the phosphorylation degree of the signalling proteins STAT5A/B and STAT6.
Doubly labeled water analysis using cavity ring‐down spectroscopy
Authors: Thorsen Thomas , Shriver Timothy , Racine Natalie , Richman Bruce A. , Schoeller Dale A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe doubly labeled water method provides an objective and accurate measure of total energy expenditure in free‐living subjects and is considered the gold‐standard method for this measurement. Its use, however, is limited by the need to employ isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to obtain the high‐precision isotopic abundance analyses needed to optimize the dose of expensive 18O‐labeled water. Recently, cavity‐ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) instruments have become commercially available and may serve as a less expensive alternative to IRMS. We compared the precision and accuracy of CRDS with those of IRMS for the measurement of total energy expenditure from urine specimens in 14 human subjects. The relative accuracy and precision (SD) for total body water was 0.5 ± 1% and for total energy expenditure was 0.5 ± 6%. The CRDS instrument displayed a memory between successive specimens of 5% for 18O and 9% for 2H. The memory necessitated carefully ordering of specimens to reduce isotopic disparity, performance of several injections of each specimen to condition the analyzer, and use of a mathematical memory correction on subsequent injections. These limited the specimen throughput to about one urine specimen per hour. CRDS provided accuracy and precision for isotope abundance measurements of urine that were comparable with those of IRMS. The memory problems were easily recognized by our experienced laboratory staff, but future efforts should be aimed at reducing the memory of the CRDS so that it would be less likely to result in poor reproducibility in laboratories using doubly labeled water for the first time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the dissociation pathways of metolachlor, acetochlor and alachlor under electron ionization – application to the identification of ozonation products
Authors: Bouchonnet Stéphane , Kinani Said , Souissi Yasmine , Bourcier Sophie , Sablier Michel , Roche Pascal , Boireau Véronique , Ingrand Valérie 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWith the future aim of using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to characterize the transformation products of ozonated herbicides: metolachlor, acetochlor and alachlor, an interpretation of their electron ionization mass spectra is presented. Fragmentation mechanisms are proposed on the basis of isotopic labelling and multiple‐stage mass spectrometry experiments carried out on an ion trap mass spectrometer. We also give examples in order to demonstrate how the elucidation of such fragmentation mechanisms for herbicides may simplify the characterization of their ozonation products. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo Biodistribution and Urinary Excretion of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Effects of Particle Size and PEGylation
Authors: He Qianjun , Zhang Zhiwen , Gao Fang , Li Yaping , Shi Jianlin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe in vivo biodistribution and urinary excretion of spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are evaluated by tail‐vein injection in ICR mice, and the effects of the particle size and PEGylation are investigated. The results indicate that both MSNs and PEGylated MSNs of different particle sizes (80–360 nm) distribute mainly in the liver and spleen, a minority of them in the lungs, and a few in the kidney and heart. The PEGylated MSNs of smaller particle size escape more easily from capture by liver, spleen, and lung tissues, possess longer blood‐circulation lifetime, and are more slowly biodegraded and correspondingly have a lower excreted amount of degradation products in the urine. Neither MSNs nor PEGylated MSNs cause tissue toxicity after 1 month in vivo.
Combinatorial effects of mechanical activation and chemical stimulation on the microwave assisted acetylation of corn (Zea mays) starch
Authors: Diop Cherif Ibrahima Khalil , Li Hai Long , Xie Bi Jun , Shi John 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe changes in the physical characteristics of ball milled corn starch (BMS) after chemical modification were investigated. The SEM and XRD analysis of BMS granules showed a fragmented aspect with a total loss of their initial crystallinity and an increase of their potential hydroxyl substitution sites. This morphology facilitated the access of the esterifying solvents into the starch molecule as corroborated by the spectacular increase of the water solubility index (WSI) and water absorption index (WAI). Following the acetylation, the degree of substitution (DS) increased up to 2.83 with the augmentation of the iodine catalyst content (p = 0.011). However, under the same condition of esterification, the DS of the BMS was slightly lower in comparison to the control, due to an increase in the number of free hydroxyl groups. Consequently to the modification, a reduction in the Tg, strong hydrophobicity and important exo‐corrosion affecting the granules were noticed.
In situ Raman microscopy of starch granule structures in wild type and ae mutant maize kernels
Authors: Wellner Nikolaus , Georget Dominique M. R. , Parker Mary L. , Morris Victor J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA method developed for in situ imaging of starch granule structure in dry seeds has been applied to compare the starch granule structures found in wild type and ae mutant maize kernels. In the isogenic ae mutant the activity of the starch branching enzyme IIb is inhibited, which gives rise to a high amylose starch. The granule structures in the wild type samples have been found to be homogeneous, whereas those in the ae mutant are grossly heterogeneous within individual granules, between granules within individual cells, and between cells across the endosperm. The level of heterogeneity observed in situ appears to be more marked than that previously reported for studies on isolated ae mutant starches. Iodine/potassium iodide staining and polarised light microscopy have been used together with Raman microscopy, which has allowed high‐resolution mapping of the composition and physical state of the structures within the granules, to probe the origins of the heterogeneity of the starch structures. Although the mutation inhibits the activity of the branching enzyme within the granules, and both the composition and level of crystallinity within and between granules is variable, the major origin of the heterogeneity of the granule architecture appears to result from significant changes in the assembly and packaging of the crystalline structures within the granule. It is suggested that this arises due to the mutation of the starch branching enzyme introducing defects into the self‐assembly of the crystalline structure, resulting in an accumulation of defects and increased randomisation of the granule structure.
Performance of tall buildings in Santiago, Chile during the 27 February 2010 offshore Maule, Chile earthquake
Authors: Naeim Farzad , Lew Marshall , Carpenter Lauren D. , Youssef Nabih F. , Rojas Fabian , Saragoni G. Rodolfo , Adaros Macarena Schachter 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThere are many modern tall buildings in Santiago that were subjected to the 27 February 2010 earthquake in Chile. Although there was not widespread damage in Santiago, there was notable damage to some tall concrete buildings that may have resulted from lack of proper detailing, the absence of 135? seismic hooks and inadequate confinement of walls in the boundary zones. These caused buckling of the main bars and tension compression failure of the walls. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new non‐invasive method for measuring uterine vascular resistance and its relationship to uterine artery Doppler indices: a longitudinal study
Authors: Flo K. , Wilsgaard T. , Acharya G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo describe a new method for measuring uterine vascular resistance (Ruta), establish longitudinal reference ranges and explore the relationship between uterine artery (UtA) Doppler indices and Ruta.MethodsThis was a longitudinal study of 53 low‐risk pregnancies. Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure UtA velocities, and the pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and systolic/diastolic velocity (S/D) ratio were calculated. Ruta was calculated as a ratio between maternal mean arterial pressure and UtA time‐averaged maximum velocity.ResultsAt 22 + 0 to 39 + 6 weeks of gestation, the mean Ruta decreased from 1628 to 1180 dyne.s/cm3 (P < 0.0001). UtA velocities increased (P < 0.0001), whereas the PI (0.79–0.56), RI (0.51–0.40) and S/D ratio (2.0–1.7) decreased (P < 0.0001). Ruta and the UtA Doppler indices were positively associated (P = 0.003–0.001).ConclusionWe describe a non‐invasive method for measuring Ruta and provide reference ranges for serial evaluation of UtA velocities, Doppler indices and Ruta. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kohlenstoffbasierte Beschichtungen
Authors: Becker Jürgen , Grischke Martin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBeschichtete Komponenten finden sich in vielen Anwendungen in Kraftfahrzeugen. Die ersten Anwendungen hatten überwiegend das Ziel, den Verschleiß zu reduzieren. Aktuell rückt die Reibungsreduktion immer mehr in den Vordergrund. Beschichtungen werden dabei gezielt als Konstruktionselement entwickelt und eingesetzt.Für die Wahl einer geeigneten Beschichtung bzw. eines geeigneten Schichtsystems muss das gesamte tribologische System betrachtet werden. Reibungsreduktion ist in der Regel nur unter Misch‐ bzw. Grenzreibung möglich. Die Rauheit von Körper und Gegenkörper und deren Einlaufverhalten setzen einer möglichen Reibungsreduktion Grenzen.Die Kompatibilität von Schmierstoffen und Beschichtungen gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Ein exemplarisch betrachtetes MoDTC‐additiviertes Motorenöl führt bei DLC‐beschichteten Ventiltriebkomponenten zu erhöhter Reibung in bestimmten Geschwindigkeitsbereichen. Ein speziell hierfür angepasstes metallhaltiges DLC (CrC/a‐C:H) verhindert diesen Effekt.
PVD Produktion optimieren
Authors: Esser Stefan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPVD Schichten haben sich heute in verschiedensten Anwendungen etabliert z. B. Beschichtungen auf Werkzeugen, Motorenkomponenten und Beschlägen. Jede Anwendung stellt auch andere Anforderungen an die Halterung der Substrate in der PVD Anlage, um die Schicht auf den Funktionsflächen zu verteilen und ihr Wachstum zu steuern. Um konkurrenzfähig zu sein, müssen gleichzeitig möglichst viele Substrate in der Beschichtungszone angeordnet werden und die Halterung sollte möglichst für alle Fertigungsschritte geeignet sein. Mit optimierten Halterungssystemen kann hier die Qualität der Schicht gesteigert und die Herstellkosten können gesenkt werden.
A lightweight and extensible platform for processing personal information at global scale
Authors: Duller Michael , Alonso Gustavo 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Advances in digital devices, computing, and networking have led to an ever increasing number of personal information being exchanged across the globe. Typically, this is done through centralized, web-based applications like Flickr, YouTube, Twitter, or Facebook. In this paper we propose an alternative architecture for the dissemination of personal information at a global scale. Our solution runs both within a data center as well as on a pool of personal devices such as mobile phones, desktop and laptop computers, or Internet gateways. Our approach leverages idle resources available in millions of devices, allows for much more flexible applications than the predefined services available on the web, and permits users to exchange personal information in a peer-to-peer manner with the possibility but not the requirement to store the personal data in a data center.