bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neurocognitive connection between physical activity and eating behaviour
Authors: Joseph R. J. , Alonso‐Alonso M. , Bond D. S. , Pascual‐Leone A. , Blackburn G. L. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryAs obesity rates increase worldwide, healthcare providers require methods to instill the lifestyle behaviours necessary for sustainable weight loss. Designing effective weight‐loss interventions requires an understanding of how these behaviours are elicited, how they relate to each other and whether they are supported by common neurocognitive mechanisms. This may provide valuable insights to optimize existing interventions and develop novel approaches to weight control. Researchers have begun to investigate the neurocognitive underpinnings of eating behaviour and the impact of physical activity on cognition and the brain. This review attempts to bring these somewhat disparate, yet interrelated lines of literature together in order to examine a hypothesis that eating behaviour and physical activity share a common neurocognitive link. The link pertains to executive functions, which rely on brain circuits located in the prefrontal cortex. These advanced cognitive processes are of limited capacity and undergo relentless strain in the current obesogenic environment. The increased demand on these neurocognitive resources as well as their overuse and/or impairment may facilitate impulses to over‐eat, contributing to weight gain and obesity. This impulsive eating drive may be counteracted by physical activity due to its enhancement of neurocognitive resources for executive functions and goal‐oriented behaviour. By enhancing the resources that facilitate ‘top‐down’ inhibitory control, increased physical activity may help compensate and suppress the hedonic drive to over‐eat. Understanding how physical activity and eating behaviours interact on a neurocognitive level may help to maintain a healthy lifestyle in an obesogenic environment.
“LOVE YOUR ENEMIES”: USURY, CITIZENSHIP AND THE FRIEND‐ENEMY DISTINCTION
Authors: BRETHERTON LUKE 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThrough an analysis of the Scriptural treatment of usury, a constructive theological analysis of the question of the friend‐enemy distinction as a political category, its relationship to a Christian conception of universalism as determined by being in Christ, and the nature of faithful citizenship is forged. This essay argues that usury is a paradigmatic instance of the friend‐enemy distinction as defined by Carl Schmitt and as such is primarily a political act. The article closes by analysing Schmitt's reading of Jesus’ commandment to love enemies and suggests that after Christ, the friend‐enemy distinction ceases to be political and becomes missiological instead. The implication of this missiological conception is then related back to the on‐going question of usury.
MAKING ROOM FOR THE OTHER: MATERNAL MOURNING AND ESCHATOLOGICAL HOPE
Authors: THOMPSON JANICE ALLISON 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWorking with the experiences of mothers, the author explores a two‐part thesis: first, that birth‐giving and mourning are both works that seek to “make room” for another person; and second, extending the first thesis, that a theology of creation and eschatology can be fruitfully linked by this theme of making room. The author uses the theology of Johann Baptist Metz to explore the contingent nature of living in history, especially by engaging a narrative theological anthropology and an eschatological time‐sensitivity, and argues further that the struggle to become human in history depends also on the work of others who make room for us in our struggle.
RELEASING THE FEMININE VOICE: A CAVELLIAN EPISTEMOLOGY FOR THE PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
Authors: VIEFHUES‐BAILEY LUDGER 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHow can we imagine anew the discipline of philosophy of religion, given the feminist critiques that it privileges thinking driven by the needs of male subject formation? I address this question first by arguing with Cavell that a specific masculine aversion of erotic reciprocity produces a particular skeptical epistemology. Overcoming this phallocentric thinking requires therefore a new eros. Secondly, I will argue that the fluidly gendered subjectivities I detect in Cavell's work on film enable such a new erotic and epistemic orientation. I conclude by outlining the consequences of this orientation for the pursuits of philosophy of religion.
Where does learning take place? The role of intergovernmental cooperation in policy diffusion
Authors: FÜGLISTER KATHARINA 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAlthough it is widely accepted that a decentralised system can enhance policy learning and the spread of best practices, an under‐researched question is where that learning process takes place. Using data on the diffusion of health care policies in Switzerland, this article analyses the role of institutionalised intergovernmental cooperation and its impact on the spread of successful policies. The results show that joint membership of policy makers in health policy specific intergovernmental bodies is related to the diffusion of best practices.
Haemodynamic response to abdominal decompression in acute Budd–Chiari syndrome
Authors: Joshi Deepak , Saha Sujit , Bernal William , Heaton Nigel , Wendon Julia , Auzinger Georg 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground: Intra‐abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome commonly occur in patients with liver disease.Aims: We compared haemodynamic variables pre‐ and post‐abdominal decompression in patients with acute Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) and patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), ascites and IAH.Methods: Patients with IAH admitted to the Liver ICU, King's College Hospital were studied. Transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output (CO) monitoring was performed with the PiCCO® system.Results: Ten patients with decompensated BCS (median age 39 years, 20–52) and eight patients with CLD (59 years, 33–65) and tense ascites requiring paracentesis were studied. Intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) was raised in both groups pre‐intervention (BSC 23 mmHg, 17–40; CLD 26, 20–40). Intrathoracic blood volume (ITBVI) was persistently low in the BCS group (632 ml/m2, 453–924) despite volume resuscitation. Post‐intervention, reduction in IAP was noted in both groups (BCS P<0.001, CLD P<0.0001). The ITBVI increased (P=0.001) in the BCS group only. An increase in cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume index (SVI) was noted in both groups (BCS: CI P=0.003, SVI: P=0.007; CLD: CI P=0.005, SVI P=0.02). The central venous pressure did not change in either group and did not correlate with markers of flow (CI, SVI) or IAP. Both groups demonstrated an inverse relationship between IAP, CI and SVI.Conclusion: Patients with BCS and IAH have evidence of central hypovolaemia. In addition to raised IAP, hepatic venous obstruction and caudate lobe hypertrophy limit venous return in patients with BCS. Reduction in IAP and re‐establishment of caval flow restores preload with improvement in CO.
A family study of the Chinese Rhnull individual of the regulator type: a novel single missense mutation identified in RHAG gene
Authors: Tian Li , Song Ning , Yao Zhi‐Qiang , Huang Mei , Hou Li 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND: Rhnull is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, and Rhnull of the regulator type may result from mutation of the RHAG gene, which encodes RhAG glycoprotein and modulates Rh antigen expression. This study described the molecular genetic analysis of a Chinese Rhnull family and identified a novel mutation in the RHAG gene.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RBCs from the Rhnull family members were analyzed for Rh phenotype by standard methods. DNA sequences of all 10 exons of RHAG gene were analyzed using genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing.RESULTS: Genomic DNA analyses showed that a 672C>A mutation in Exon 5 of the RHAG gene was present at the homozygous state in DH and at the heterozygous state in the other members of the Rhnull family. The 672C>A missense mutation converted serine into arginine at Position 224 in the Transmembrane Segment 7 of RhAG glycoprotein.CONCLUSION: These findings provide evidence that the 672C>A missense mutation in the RHAG gene could result in Rhnull of the regulator type, and the single‐amino‐acid change (Ser to Arg) might be critical for assembly of the Rh antigen complex within the membrane.
Circulating levels of the anti‐angiogenic thrombospondin 2 are elevated in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: STENCZER BALÁZS , MOLVAREC ATTILA , VERESH ZOLTÁN , GULLAI NÓRA , NAGY GYULA RICHÁRD , WALENTIN SZILVIA , SZIJÁRTÓ JÁNOS , RIGÓ JÁNOS 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn imbalance of maternal circulating pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia. Thrombospondin 2 (TSP‐2) is a protein expressed mainly by activated endothelial cells, which acts as a potent anti‐angiogenic agent. Our aim was to determine whether serum TSP‐2 levels are altered in pre‐eclampsia. We enrolled 35 pre‐eclamptic patients and 35 healthy pregnant women in the study. Thrombospondin 2 levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, while soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) concentrations were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. In patients with PE, we demonstrated 1.7‐fold higher TSP‐2 [13.2 (9.4–18.1) vs. 7.9 (7.2–11.2) ng/ml, p<0.001], 3.8‐fold higher sFlt‐1 and 4.3‐fold lower PlGF levels compared with the control group. There were no associations between TSP‐2 and sFlt‐1 or PlGF concentrations. We suggest that circulating TSP‐2 levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of PE via its anti‐angiogenic properties, but in a distinct way from sFlt‐1 and PlGF.
Patient perceptions of the potential lethality associated with deliberate self‐poisoning
Authors: Vlad Ioana A , Fatovich Daniel M , Fenner Stephen G , Daly Frank F , Soderstrom Jessamine Hui‐Min , Burrows Sally A 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Little is known about patient perceptions of the lethality of their overdose. Our aim was to compare patient perceptions with the risk assessment of clinical toxicologists.Methods: A prospective observational study of overdose patients presenting to a tertiary hospital. Eligible patients were surveyed once they were medically fit for psychiatric evaluation. Descriptive data were collected, including the Pierce Suicide Intent Scale (SIS). In response to ‘how dangerous did you think this overdose was when you took the tablets?’ patients marked a 10 cm VAS, with 0 = would be harmless, 10 = certain to cause death. A panel of clinical toxicologists independently made a risk assessment on a 10 cm VAS, with 0 = non‐toxic ingestion and 10 = uniform lethality even with full medical intervention.Results: Of 202 patients enrolled, 118 (58.4%, 95% CI 51–65) were female; median age 33 years (interquartile range [IQR] 24–42). One hundred and three (51%, 95% CI 44–58) stated it was their intention to kill themselves and 44 (21.8%, 95% CI 16–28) wrote a suicide note. They most commonly used their own prescription medications (141, 69.8%, 95% CI 63–76). The median patient visual analog scale (VAS) was 5.8 (IQR 2.3–8.3) and median toxicology VAS was 1.4 (IQR 0.6–2.8); this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The correlation between the patient visual analog scale (VAS) and Pierce SIS (median 8.5/25 [IQR 4–12]) was strong (r= 0.73, P < 0.0001).Conclusions: Patient perceptions of the lethality of their overdose are correlated with their suicidal intent as measured on the Pierce SIS, with a significant mismatch between patient perceptions and the toxicological risk assessment.
Functions and Application of the AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Family in Crop ImprovementF
Authors: Xu Zhao‐Shi , Chen Ming , Li Lian‐Cheng , Ma You‐Zhi 
Published: June 2011

Abstract You‐Zhi Ma (Corresponding author) Plants have acquired sophisticated stress response systems to adapt to changing environments. It is important to understand plants’ stress response mechanisms in the effort to improve crop productivity under stressful conditions. The AP2/ERF transcription factors are known to regulate diverse processes of plant development and stress responses. In this study, the molecular characteristics and biological functions of AP2/ERFs in a variety of plant species were analyzed. AP2/ERFs, especially those in DREB and ERF subfamilies, are ideal candidates for crop improvement because their overexpression enhances tolerances to drought, salt, freezing, as well as resistances to multiple diseases in the transgenic plants. The comprehensive analysis of physiological functions is useful in elucidating the biological roles of AP2/ERF family genes in gene interaction, pathway regulation, and defense response under stress environments, which should provide new opportunities for the crop tolerance engineering.
A Transgenic Study on Affecting Potato Tuber Yield by Expressing the Rice Sucrose Transporter Genes OsSUT5Z and OsSUT2MF
Authors: Sun Aijun , Dai Yan , Zhang Xinsheng , Li Chunmin , Meng Kun , Xu Honglin , Wei Xiaoli , Xiao Guifang , Ouwerkerk Pieter B.F. , Wang Mei , Zhu Zhen 
Published: June 2011

Abstract In many plants, sucrose transporters are essential for both sucrose exports from sources and imports into sinks, indicating a function in assimilate partitioning. To investigate whether sucrose transporters can improve the yield of starch plant, potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Désirée) were transformed with cDNAs of the rice sucrose transporter genes OsSUT5Z and OsSUT2M under the control of a tuber‐specific, class‐I patatin promoter. Compared to the controls, the average fructose content of OsSUT5Z transgenic tubers significantly increased. However, the content of the sugars and starch in the OsSUT2M transgenic potato tubers showed no obvious difference. Correspondingly, the average tuber yield, average number of tubers per plant and average weight of single tuber showed no significant difference in OsSUT2M transgenic tubers with controls. In the OsSUT5Z transgenic lines, the average tuber yield per plant was 1.9‐fold higher than the controls, and the average number of tubers per plant increased by more than 10 tubers on average, whereas the average weight of a single tuber did not increase significantly. These results suggested that the average number of tubers per plant showed more contribution than the average weight of a single tuber to the tuber yield per plant.
Why become speckled? Ontogeny and function of speckling in Shark Bay bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.)1
Authors: Krzyszczyk Ewa , Mann Janet 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTo date, color patterns have been used to assess cetacean age and taxonomic status, but few studies have determined precise correlates of coloration with known age or investigated its function. Here, we examine the ontogeny of speckling in 88 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Shark Bay, Australia, of known age, tracked from birth to age 34. Ventral speckles first appear in the genital area at a mean age of 10.2 ± 0.35 yr (range = 7.6–12.7 yr). Throughout their life span, speckles increase in number and density, particularly along the ventral and lateral sides. The timing of speckle onset does not significantly differ by sex but is related to sexual maturity in females. The age of speckle onset in the genital area correlates with the age of first known parturition. In terms of speckle function, we discuss two hypotheses commonly proffered to explain color variation, concealment, and communication. Concealment from predators or prey is unlikely to explain speckle development in Shark Bay Tursiops because the onset occurs long after peak predation risk and initial hunting success (at 3 mo of age). We suggest that speckle patterns offer reliable cues on reproductive status and/or condition and could, thus, serve a communicative or some other function.
Minimal similarity in songs suggests limited exchange between humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the southern Indian Ocean
Authors: Murray Anita , Cerchio Salvatore , McCauley Robert , Jenner Curt S. , Razafindrakoto Yvette , Coughran Douglas , McKay Shannon , Rosenbaum Howard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractComparing humpback whale song from different breeding assemblages can reveal similarities in song due to acoustically interacting males, and therefore indirectly test whether males from different breeding sites are mixing. Northern Hemisphere song comparisons illustrated that whales within ocean basins share similar songs and are subpopulations within a larger population, whereas whales in different ocean basins are isolated populations and therefore do not share songs. During the 2006 breeding season, recordings were collected in Madagascar and Western Australia, and were compared visually plus aurally. Both regions shared one theme, whereas each region had four and six private themes, respectively. This study had a substantially low number of shared themes. The co‐occurrence of one theme was interpreted as an indication of limited exchange between these breeding assemblages, and we speculate that limited song similarity is due to inter‐oceanic interactions. Male(s) from an Indian Ocean breeding group could be exposed to novel song when they geographically overlap, and acoustically interact, with males from a different ocean basin. Novel song could induce rapid temporal changes as new song content is incorporated, thereby minimizing song similarities between that breeding group and other Indian Ocean breeding groups that were not exposed to the novel song.
Effects of research disturbance on the behavior and abundance of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) at two rookeries in Alaska
Authors: Wilson Kenady , Fritz Lowell , Kunisch Erin , Chumbley Kathryn , Johnson Devin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe examined the effects of research disturbance on the behavior and abundance of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) at rookeries on Marmot and Ugamak Islands in Alaska. During 3 of 6 yr, researchers intentionally drove all adult and juvenile sea lions off at least part of the beach in order to permanently mark and measure sea lion pups. The research disturbance occurred after the majority of females had bred and when most pups were 1 mo old. We used generalized linear models to determine the relationship between research disturbance and sea lion behavior or abundance. Research disturbance was related to changes in the proportion of sea lions exhibiting two to three of nine behavior metrics: agonistic and resting females and active males at Marmot, and active and resting males and females at Ugamak. Model results indicated that changes lasted between 3 and 20 d depending on the sex, behavior, and rookery. Inclusion of research disturbance into Marmot abundance models did not improve the fit to the data, if variability between years was permitted. Optimally timed, low‐frequency research disturbance did not appear to have long‐term effects on sea lion behavior or abundance and was largely associated with changes that were similar to natural variation.
Bacterial and archaeal communities involved in the in situ degradation of 13C‐labelled straw in the rice rhizosphere
Authors: Shrestha Minita , Shrestha Pravin Malla , Conrad Ralf 
Published: June 2011

SummaryRice straw is a major substrate for the production of methane in flooded rice fields and results in increase of CH4 emission into the atmosphere. We investigated the bacteria and archaea involved in straw degradation by adding 13C‐labelled straw to the rhizosphere of planted rice microcosms in the greenhouse. The degradation of added straw resulted in the production of 13C‐labelled CH4 as end‐product, which was detected in the pore water. The incorporation of 13C into ribosomal RNA of Bacteria and Archaea present in the rhizospheric soil and on the roots was assessed by stable isotope probing (SIP) followed by terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (T‐RFLP) fingerprinting and cloning/sequencing of RNA fractions with different buoyant densities. Members of the Clostridium cluster I, III and XIVa were actively involved in straw degradation both in rhizospheric soil and on roots. However, on roots, Proteobacteria, Bacilli, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Chlorobi were also involved in the straw degradation process. Mostly Methanosarcina and to a less degree also Methanobacteriaceae were the dominant Archaea that assimilated straw‐derived carbon in the rhizospheric soil. Both Bacteria and Archaea together were most likely responsible for the conversion of rice straw to CH4. In conclusion, this study tackled the important and interesting issue of linking active microorganisms responsible for the straw degradation process to CH4 emission into the atmosphere.
Sustained virological response of patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 2 depends on pegylated interferon compliance
Authors: Watanabe Takao , Konishi Ichiro , Shigematsu Shuichiro , Uesugi Kazuhiro , Joko Kouji , Seike Hirotaka , Okada Shinichi , Miyaoka Hiroaki , Nakanishi Seiji , Abe Masanori , Matsuura Bunzo , Michitaka Kojiro , Horiike Norio , Hiasa Yoichi , Onji Morikazu 
Published: June 2011

Aim:  Patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2 are more sensitive to interferon (IFN) therapy than those infected with genotype 1, but 10–20% of patients do not achieve a sustained viral response (SVR) to combination therapy with pegylated (PEG) IFN and ribavirin (RBV). This study examines the prognostic factors associated with SVR in patients infected with HCV genotype 2 treated with PEG IFN and RBV.Methods:  We treated 149 patients with chronic hepatitis C caused by HCV genotype 2. The patients received s.c. PEG IFN‐α‐2b (1.5 µg/kg) and a weekly weight‐adjusted dose of RBV (600, 800 and 1000 mg per <60, 60–80 and >80 kg, respectively) for 24 weeks and then prognostic factors associated with the SVR were examined.Results:  Among the 149 patients, 138 completed the combination therapy and a sustained viral response was achieved in 71.8% of them. Univariate analysis showed that age, as well as mean RBV and PEG IFN doses were factors affecting the SVR (P = 0.012, =0.021, =0.014). Multivariate analysis identified age and mean PEG IFN dose (P = 0.021, =0.018, respectively) as factors involved in the SVR, but not mean RBV dose.Conclusion:  The SVR of patients infected with HCV genotype 2 depended on the dosage of PEG IFN, but not of RBV. Selecting sufficient doses of PEG IFN for combination with RBV is critical for treating such patients.