bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract B14: Strengthening CBPR collaboration between Pacific Islander community and academic research partners
Authors: DeStefano Anthony , Aromin Jay , Dimaculangan Jeany , Vunileva Isileli , Tanjasiri Sora P. , Peters Ruth , Tui‘one Vanessa , Takahashi Lois , Sablan-Santos Lola , Quitugu Lourdes , Quenga Joey , Hui Brian , Barrera-Ng Angelica 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Community-based participatory research (CBPR), applied authentically according to its principles, is inherently conducive to empowerment and capacity building for academic and community partners by promoting egalitarian collaborations through all stages of research. During an intensive qualitative study exploring the intersection of HIV-HPV and cancer in the Pacific Islander (PI) communities of Southern California, we strengthen effective collaborations between an academic research team and two PI community-based organizations (CBOs). Responding to an NCI call for research exploring AIDS-related cancers, our CBOs worked closely with the academic team to examine HIV-HPV factors among Chamorro and Tongan young adults. Key informant and focus groups interviews were collaboratively chosen as the grounded theory research design. Community partners lead the process in: 1) determining most locally relevant and culturally appropriate point of entry for the study investigating HIV and its potential connections to HPV; 2) establishing and convening project specific community advisory board; 3) recruiting study participants; and 4) collecting data. The academic team conducted trainings on HIV, HPV, sampling, data collection, and analysis. Partners jointly lead dissemination efforts. The decision-making process incorporated culturally appropriate meeting protocols of sharing food and experiences through “talk story.” Through our successful CBPR collaboration, we ensured a shared discourse on cancer-related and comorbid topics, and we solidified and reaffirmed our relationship for ongoing and future projects. Thus, CBPR is critical, as the need to address cancer health disparities through collaborative research continues to play a key role in shaping the racial/ethnic minority and medically underserved healthcare landscape.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B14.
Abstract B27: The Ohio Patient Navigation Research Program (OPNRP): Does the ACS-patient navigation model improve time to resolution among patients with abnormal screening tests?
Authors: Paskett Electra D. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Objectives: To test the Ohio American Cancer Society (ACS) model of patient navigation (PN) as it relates to reducing time to diagnostic resolution among persons with abnormal breast, cervical, or colorectal cancer screening tests or symptoms.
Methods: 862 patients from 18 primary care and specialty clinics within the Ohio State University (OSU) Medical Center and Columbus Neighborhood Health Centers with one of these abnormal findings were eligible to participate in this group-randomized study. Clinics were paired and randomized within pairs to either usual care or PN. Patients were informed about the study, consented, and completed a baseline survey. The navigators were not clinic-based, but followed the Ohio ACS-PN model where navigators mainly used phone contact from a non-clinic location. Chart review was done to capture medical information on the abnormality as well as the date of resolution and follow-up tests received. The primary analysis focused on time to resolution using shared gamma frailty models used to test for effect of navigation on time to resolution. Crude Hazard Ratios (HR) were used, as adjustment for OSU and national variables did not significantly change the hazard ratios. Assessment of effect modification was also conducted.
Results: Crude HR's deviated starting at 6 months, so that by 15 months, participants in the PN arm were 61% more likely to have their abnormality resolved (p=0.004 for difference in risks across arms; p=0.005 for increase in relative risk over time). Effect modifier analysis showed a trend for income (&lt;$50K vs. $50K+; p=0.07) in that lower income participants benefited earlier from PN.
Participants in the navigation arm (N=475) were further assessed in terms of reported barriers and navigator actions documented in the navigation encounters. Almost half reported no barriers (n=226; 46.6%), while the remainder reported one barrier (n=113; 23.8%), or 2+ barriers (n=136; 28.6%). The most frequently reported barriers were perception/beliefs about tests or treatment (n=89), communication with providers (n=84), scheduling problems (n=65), insurance/co-pay problems (n=49), and medical/mental health co-morbidities (n=44). Most frequent action taken by navigators were providing support (n=175), referrals (n=125), and education (n=74). On average, navigated participants with barriers received 3 encounters with a PN, and 90.9% of the encounters lasted &lt;15 minutes. The most frequent actions taken by a PN included: support (n=175); referrals (n=125); and education (n=74).
Conclusions: The OPNRP demonstrated that patients with abnormal cancer screening tests or symptoms are more likely to resolve their abnormality, if assigned to a PN program compared to those not assigned to a PN program, even when navigators are not embedded in the clinic.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B27.
Abstract B34: Increase in EGFR level through SLUG-induced repression of dynactin 5 in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Mittal Mukul K. , Ramasamy Raju , Chaudhuri Gautam 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Aggressive breast cancers of the triple negative type (TNBCs) are often characterized with higher levels of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs; e.g. EGFR) and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs; e.g. PAR1). These receptors are activated by their agonists, induce signal transduction and then are attenuated by signal uncoupling and retrograde recycling endosome transport. We report here that the levels of several of these receptor proteins are elevated and hyperactivated on the surface of aggressive breast cancer cells that have high levels of the transcriptional repressor protein SLUG. Chip-on-chip analysis to identify genes that are repressed by SLUG in the breast cancer cells revealed one of the proteins that are critical for the retrograde recycling transport of the RTKs and GPCRs, namely dynactin 5 (DCTN5). DCTN5 (aka p25) is a member of the dynactin complex. DCTN5 is a subunit of the pointed-end subcomplex of dynactin that is thought to interact with membranous cargo. Interestingly, DCTN5 is expressed from the reverse activity of the bidirectional promoter of human PALB2 (partner and localizer of BRCA2) gene whose product regulates the functions of the tumor suppressor protein BRCA2. We found that SLUG inhibits both PALB2 and DCTN5 gene expression through chromatin remodeling in human breast cancer cells. We hypothesize that the malignant breast cancer cells acquire highly aggressive and metastatic characteristics in part due to the higher levels and hyperactivation of EGFR on their surface. The hyperactivity of EGFR occurs through the SLUG-mediated repression of DCTN5 which mediates the internalization and thus, degradation of activated receptors. We evaluated the role of DCTN5 in the determination of aggressiveness in TNBC cells. We postulate that maintenance of normal levels DCTN5 in the TNBC cells through the inhibition of the functions of SLUG will control the invasive growth of the breast tumors. Supported in parts by the DOD-CDMRP grants BC050641, BC086542 and BC103645.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B34.
Abstract B37: Differential mRNA expression, microRNA regulation and gene networks are associated with the prostate cancer disparities in African American and Caucasian American populations
Authors: Wang Bi-Dar , Andrawis Ramez , Jarrett Thomas , Frazier Harold , Patierno Steven R. , Lee Norman H. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a disease conferred by multiple gene mutations, numerous alternations in gene expression and aberrant changes in genome composition/architecture. An area of research that continues to garner attention is PCa health disparities, wherein the African American (AA) population exhibits higher incidence and mortality rates compared to Caucasian Americans (CA). Although accumulating evidences have suggested that the widespread microRNA deregulation may play crucial role in cancer development, the relationship between population-specific microRNAs and PCa disparities remains largely unknown. To identify the genetic predispositions and oncogenic networks associated with the observed PCa disparities, we applied a systems biology approach by combining mRNA expression profiling, microRNA profiling and microRNA target searches to characterize the genetic portraits of PCa in AA and CA populations. Affymetrix human exon 1.0ST arrays and Agilent human miRNA V2 arrays were used to analyze the global mRNA and microRNA expression profiles in AA and CA prostate tissue samples. From the mRNA profiling results, a 4-way statistical analysis (t-test with 10% FDR; AA normal vs. CA normal, AA cancer vs. CA cancer, AA cancer vs. AA normal, and CA cancer vs. CA normal) has identified 275 to 987 genes with differential expression in the 4-way comparisons. Furthermore, pathway analysis revealed that the mis-regulated testosterone metabolic pathway, activated inflammatory response and up-regulated oncogenic pathways (ERK, JNK and p38) are associated with the biological differences when comparing AA normal to CA normal, AA cancer to CA cancer and AA cancer to AA normal. In addition, a microRNA/mRNA-regulated network, generated by integrating microRAN-targeted mRNAs and mRNA profiling data, suggested that the population-specific microRNAs may contribute to differential cell-cycle control, protein synthesis and cell apoptosis in AA and CA prostate cancers. Our study has demonstrated that differential gene-network regulation, driven by the population-specific mRNA and microRNA expression, may explain in part the biological differences between AA and CA prostate cancers.
This work was supported by NCI grant 5U01-CA-116937 and ACS-IRG-08-091-01.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B37.
Abstract B46: Investigating the role of β-arrestin-2 in prostate cancer disparity using a β-arrestin-2 deficient mouse model of prostate cancer
Authors: Akins-Rivers E. Joy , Smith Nikia , Richardson Ricardo M. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
African American men are more likely to develop and die from prostate cancer than Caucasian American men. While a complex interaction of social, environmental, and biological factors is likely to blame, molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer disparity remain poorly understood. Elucidation of these mechanisms is critical if we are to achieve better treatment options and ultimately, patient survival for African American men. β-arrestin-2 was initially recognized for its role in G-protein coupled receptor desensitization. More recent studies have demonstrated that several pathways critical to prostate cancer progression converge at β-arrestin-2 including androgen metabolism, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Preliminary data in our lab shows that prostate cell lines derived from Caucasian American men express less -arrestin-2 than those from African American men. This study aims to test the hypothesis that loss of β-arrestin-2 expression in prostate tumors attenuates tumor progression. In order to study this, we have established a β-arrestin-2 deficient TRAMP mouse model. TRAMP+/β-arrestin-2 KO mice develop tumors that are smaller than those in TRAMP+/β-arrestin-2 WT mice at 6 months of age. Similar results were observed when orthotopic TRAMP-C1 tumors were established in C57BL/6 mice. β-arrestin-2 knockdown in these cells resulted in delayed tumor growth. Taken together these data support the idea that increased β-arrestin-2 expression correlates with enhanced tumor progression providing a possible biological mechanism of prostate cancer disparity.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B46.
Abstract B60: Hsa-miR-27a drives an association of MBL2 3′UTR haplotype with colon cancer risk in African Americans
Authors: Haznadar Majda , Zanetti Krista , Robles Ana , Ryan Brid , McClary Andrew , Harris Curtis 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Colon cancer (CC) is estimated to be the third most common cause of cancer deaths in the United States in 2010 and the incidence is higher among African Americans compared with Caucasians. Chronic intestinal inflammation is a risk factor for CC. Moreover, mediators of chronic inflammation have been implicated in CC development. MBL, a mannose-binding protein, is a critical component of the innate immune system, and it serves as a front-line protection against pathogens. MBL deficiency is common and present in approximately 5% of the population, predisposing individuals to bacterial and fungal infections. A previous resequencing analysis of the 10.0kbp region that includes the MBL2 gene showed a recombination hot-spot in the 3′ end of the gene, dividing MBL2 into two separate haplotype blocks: 5′UTR and 3′UTR haplotypes. In our previous work, we used a case-control study from the greater Baltimore, Maryland area (261 cases; 537 controls) and observed that haplotypes in both regions are associated with CC risk in African Americans, but not in Caucasians. Moreover, we showed that four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) comprising a 3′UTR region haplotype are individually associated with increased CC risk in African Americans: rs10082466, rs2120132, rs2099902, and rs10450310. In this study, we investigated whether the SNPs in this haplotype block fell within putative microRNA (miRNA) site due to the observed association of 3′UTR-region haplotypes and plasma MBL levels, using publicly available web-tools. We hypothesized that rs10082466 association with CC is driven by hsa-miR-27a binding to the C allele, resulting in decreased plasma MBL2 levels and activity. We tested the interaction of hsa-miR-27a with the 3′UTR region of MBL2 and its modulation by 3′UTR haplotypes in vitro using reporter constructs via luciferase activity. The increased binding affinity for the C allele of rs10082466 was reflected by a significant decrease in normalized luciferase activity, compared with the T allele. We also showed the C allele to be associated with lower plasma MBL2 levels and activity in cases and controls. Moreover, the fold increase of hsa-mir-27a precursor is significantly higher in African Americans compared to Caucasians in colon cancer. Therefore, 3′UTR haplotype association with CC may be driven by hsa-miR-27a binding to the C allele of rs10082466, which results in decreased plasma MBL2 levels and activity. In addition to the supporting evidence linking low levels of circulating MBL2 to increased susceptibility to infection, these results suggest that a genetic variant in MBL2 may increase colon cancer susceptibility in African Americans by creating a miRNA binding site.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B60.
Abstract B65: Coordinated care model to reduce rural disparities in breast cancer mortality
Authors: Gehlert Sarah J. , Beers Courtney , Colditz Graham A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
To identify underlying causes of excess breast cancer mortality in the Bootheel region of Missouri we conducted a needs assessment across 10 counties. An urban/rural disparity compounds the effects of racial disparity on breast cancer screening, incidence, and mortality rates in Missouri. The Bootheel region is the second most populous region ranked according to proportion of the population living below poverty level and has breast cancer mortality higher than other regions in the state.
We used GIS data to map county level data on breast cancer rates, poverty distribution, and geographic location of relevant specialty physicians/services such as mammography, surgeons, and medical oncologists. Overlay of poverty distribution and Show Me Healthy Women provider maps reflects accessibility of statewide assistance for breast cancer screening/diagnostic services in relation to areas of need. Provider-by-type maps represent the physical distance women would need to travel in order to receive breast health screening and/or services.
We conducted interviews with regional stakeholders including county health departments, hospitals, federallyqualified health centers & rural health clinics, private providers/offices, social service organizations, physicians, survivors, and age-eligible women. Needs assessment included on site interviews with over 50 individuals associated with breast cancer prevention and/or treatment in the region. Informants are diverse and representative of the region and their county.
Barriers to access to breast health services included financial constraints, geographic and cultural limitations, lack of funding for the breast and cervical cancer-screening program. This region exceeds state averages for the proportion of women over 40 who have never had a mammogram.
Breast health services along the continuum from early detection to access to treatment all need improvements. Research and service priorities include improved assistance for uninsured to access screening; improved understanding of physiologic social and environmental factors affecting breast health; implementation of sustainable programs to improve adherence to breast screening and risk factor reduction; improved patient navigation and communication between providers along the continuum of care; and increase awareness among community leaders of the magnitude of excess breast cancer burden in the Bootheel. The effectiveness of and strategies for effective navigation in a rural isolate population setting must be evaluated.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B65.
Abstract B85: WINCART Center: Technology and tobacco use assessment for young adult Pacific Islanders
Authors: Lee Cevadne , Sabado Melanie , Stifler Liliani , Pike James , Cen Steven , Xie Bin , Palmer Paula H. , Lepule Jonathan , Briand Greta , Guevara Linda , Pang Victor Kaiwi , Schmidt-Vaivao Dorothy , Semaia Aaron , Tuione Vanessa , Hui Brian 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Introduction: This research study (WINCART – Weaving an Islander Network for Cancer Awareness, Research and Training) focuses on the development of a smoking cessation intervention for late adolescent and young adult PIs in Southern California.
Methods: The comprehensive tobacco use and quitting assessment is geared towards young adult Pacific Islanders between 18 and 29 years old. The assessment is comprised of four parts: 1) smoking history semistructured interview or “talk story” session with current and former tobacco users to understand the individual's tobacco use history; 2) Computerassisted Iowa Gambling Test (IGT), a neurocognitive decision-making test in the form of a card game, to assess affective decision making that may make an individual more susceptible to tobacco use, 3) Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) which will be used to track in real time, an individual's smoking behaviors and cues that are in response to stressors, moods, and other environmental influences, using an iPhone, and 4) online survey tool to collect relevant demographic information.
Results: Results of the assessment will be used to inform the development of an evidence-based online tobacco cessation program geared towards young adult Pacific Islanders. This study has been recently awarded and a work in progress. The WINCART community and academic research team have established a governance structure, developed measures, and is building the technological infrastructure.
Conclusion: When compared with all other major racial/ethnic groups in the U.S., young adult Pacific Islanders have a high prevalence rate of tobacco use. Evidence-based smoking cessation programs tailored to the culture and lifestyle of PIs in the U.S. do not exist. Findings from our assessment will fill many knowledge gaps and will lead in the development of a novel multicomponent cessation intervention for late adolescent and young adult PIs consisting of interactive technological components. The intervention will be highly engaging, interactive, and age- and culturally appropriate.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B85.
Abstract ED01-01: Overview of biorepository best practices
Authors: Vaught Jimmie B. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
There is considerable heterogeneity in the way that patients’ biospecimens (tissues, blood, urine for example) are collected, processed and stored in biorepositories. This unknown or uneven quality of biospecimens used for research can lead to unreliable and irreproducible results. In addition to technical and operational issues, many ethical, legal and policy guidelines and concerns must be addressed when conducting research involving the use of biospecimens from cancer patients and other research participants. After an extensive review of its own biorepostories, in 2007 the NCI Office of Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research (OBBR) published the NCI Best Practices for Biospecimen Resources (http://biospecimens.cancer.gov/practices/). The Best Practices do not comprise detailed procedures and are intended to be adapted, as appropriate, based on the mission and scientific needs of the individual biorepository. The technical best practices include recommendations for the collection, processing, storage and shipping of biospecimens, as well as quality control of processes and the proper collection of clinical data. The ethical, legal and policy practices provide guidance on informed consent, privacy and confidentiality, custodianship and intellectual property concerns. In response to questions and comments from the research community a new version of the Best Practices is being published in 2011. Major revisions include the addition of sections on biorepository management and operations and conflicts of interest, and expansion of recommendations related to custodianship and informed consent, harmonization with current Federal guidance documents and recommendations from international organizations. The revised Best Practices will be launched using an interactive web format, to provide a mechanism for more frequent updates and to encourage feedback from the community. The Best Practices will continue to evolve as the field of biospecimen biology advances; novel scientific, technological and clinical practices develop; and new ethical and legal policies and regulations emerge. The NCI is committed to maintaining current and scientifically accurate best practices for biorepositories and will continue to solicit input from stakeholders in the cancer research community.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):ED01-01.