bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The synergistic effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and Cytarabine on mitochondria of Stem-like cells derived from KG1-a
Authors: Rezaei Sona , Amirshahrokhi Keyvan , Mohammadzadeh-Vardin Mohammad , Amani Mojtaba 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a high probability of recurrence 5 years after treatment with traditional chemotherapy. One of the factors that play a role in AML relapses is the presence of leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Many vital roles of mitochondria such as energy production, oxidation-reduction status, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, control of cytosolic calcium levels, and initiation of apoptosis, these organelles carry out an important role in developing LSCs. Metabolic flexibility and mitochondrial dependence are two important requirements of LSCs resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, it would be reasonable to target mitochondria in cancer treatment.
Method and result: In this study, an acute myeloid leukemia-derived cell line i.e., KG1-a was treated with different concentrations of Cytarabine (Ara-c), 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2-DG), and their combination. The effects of different treatments were assessed by MTT assay and calculated synergistic index. Then, The Magnetic Antibody Cell Sorting (MACS) was used to isolate cancer CD34+ and CD34- cells as representatives of leukemia stem-like cells and other leukemia cells, respectively. Flow cytometric dyes DCFH-da and Rhodamine 123 were used to evaluate the production of ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in the cells, respectively.
Conclusion: We found that 2-DG and Ara-c have synergistic effects on KG1-a, as well as their combination increases ROS production and reduces MMP, significantly. It seems that combination treatment is the best choice to target more resistant stem-like cells.
Location matters: variations in gut microbiota composition of spatially separated freshwater turtles
Authors: Scheelings T. Franciscus , Van Thi Thu Hao , Moore Robert J. , Skerratt Lee F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The gut microbiota of vertebrates is malleable and may be shaped by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Here, the effect that geography has on the gut microbiota of two species of Australian freshwater chelonians, eastern longneck turtle (Chelodina longicollis) and Macquarie River turtle (Emydura macquarii), captured from waterbodies with different levels of anthropogenic pressure was investigated. We analysed the microbiota composition, structure and diversity through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. It was hypothesized that animals from less disturbed environments would harbour a more diverse gut microbial population.
Results
The gut microbiotas from 93 turtles (C. longicollis n = 78; E. macquarii n = 15), from five locations, were analysed. For both species the most predominant phylum was Proteobacteria. Gut microbiota alpha diversity varied significantly between the C. longicollis from all locations, but no differences were found for E. macquarii. In C. longicollis, turtles from wetlands within the centre of Melbourne had the lowest alpha diversity metrics, while the highest alpha diversity values were seen in turtles captured from an undisturbed rural waterbody. Beta diversity, obtained by weighted UniFrac distance, showed significant differences between location of capture for both species of turtles in this investigation. For C. longicollis, 91 biomarkers were identified responsible for explaining differences between locations, and in E. macquarii 40 biomarkers were found. Core community analysis revealed 49 and 36 ASVs shared between populations of C. longicollis and E. macquarii respectively.
Conclusions
The study showed that gut microbiota composition of freshwater turtles was significantly influenced by locality and that the disrupted environments may reduce microbial diversity in C. longicollis. The results highlight the need to interpret chelonian microbiota data in the context of geography and human disturbance of the environment.
Binary Bat Algorithm Based Clustering Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: CAO YUXIAO , XU JINBAO , WU XIAOBIN 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Reducing the energy consumption of nodes and prolonging network lifetime is a key issue in wireless sensor networks (WSN) research field. Clustering is an effective method to solve this problem. However, the effectiveness of existing clustering algorithms is not satisfactory. Therefore, we propose a binary bat algorithm based clustering approach (BBACA) in this paper. Firstly, the clustering of WSN is abstracted into a combinatorial optimization problem which is solved by using binary bat algorithm (BBA) with excellent performance. Secondly, a novel binary artificial bat encoding scheme and a fitness function using multiple parameters are designed elaborately. Finally, the final clustering scheme of WSN is obtained through multiple iterations of BBA. Simulation results show that BBACA can significantly reduce the energy consumption of nodes, extend the lifetime of the network, and achieve an outstanding clustering effect compared with other clustering algorithms.
­­­Divergent Neurodegenerative Patterns: Comparison of FDG-PET- and MRI-based Alzheimer’s Disease Subtypes
Authors: Wheatley Sophia H. , Mohanty Rosaleena , Poulakis Konstantinos , Levin Fedor , Muehlboeck J-Sebastian , Nordberg Agneta , Grothe Michel J. , Ferreira Daniel , Westman Eric 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

[18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET and MRI are key imaging markers for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. It is well-established that parieto-temporal hypometabolism on FDG-PET is closely associated with medial temporal atrophy on MRI in Alzheimer's disease. Substantial biological heterogeneity, expressed as distinct subtypes of hypometabolism or atrophy patterns, has been previously described in Alzheimer's disease using data-driven and hypothesis-driven methods. However, the link between these two imaging modalities has not yet been explored in the context of Alzheimer's disease subtypes. To investigate this link, the current study utilised FDG-PET and MRI scans from 180 amyloid-beta positive Alzheimer's disease dementia patients and 176 amyloid-beta negative cognitively normal controls from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Random forest hierarchical clustering, a data-driven model for identifying subtypes, was implemented in the two modalities: one with standard uptake value ratios and the other with grey matter volumes. Five subtypes hypometabolism- and atrophy-based subtypes were identified, exhibiting both cortical-predominant and limbic-predominant patterns although with differing percentages and clinical presentations. Three cortical-predominant hypometabolism subtypes found were: Cortical Predominant (32%), Cortical Predominant+ (11%), Cortical Predominant posterior (9%); and two limbic-predominant hypometabolism subtypes: Limbic Predominant (36%) and Limbic Predominant (13%). In addition, minimal and diffuse neurodegeneration subtypes were observed from the MRI data. The five atrophy subtypes were found: Cortical Predominant (19%), Limbic Predominant (27%), Diffuse (28%), Diffuse+ (6%) and Minimal (19%). Inter-modality comparisons showed that all FDG-PET subtypes displayed medial temporal atrophy, whereas the distinct MRI subtypes showed topographically similar hypometabolism. Further, allocations of FDG-PET and MRI subtypes were not consistent when compared at an individual-level. Additional analysis comparing the data-driven clustering model with prior hypothesis-driven methods showed only partial agreement between these subtyping methods. FDG-PET subtypes had greater differences between limbic-predominant and cortical-predominant patterns and MRI subtypes had greater differences in severity of atrophy. In conclusion, this study highlighted that Alzheimer's disease subtypes identified using both FDG-PET and MRI capture distinct pathways showing cortical versus limbic predominance of neurodegeneration. However, the subtypes do not share a bidirectional relationship between modalities and are thus not interchangeable.
Topological Weyl Altermagnetism in CrSb
Authors: Brink Jeroen van den , Li Cong , Hu Mengli , Li Zhilin , Wang Yang , Chen Wanyu , Balasubramanian Thiagarajan , Leandersson Mats , Polley Craig , Kim Timur , Liu Hui , Fulga Cosma , Vergnior Maia , Janson Oleg , Tjernberg Oscar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Altermagnets constitute a novel, third fundamental class of collinear magnetic ordered materials, alongside with ferro- and antiferromagnets. They share with conventional antiferromagnets the feature of a vanishing net magnetization. At the same time they show a spin-splitting of electronic bands, just as in ferromagnets, caused by the atomic exchange interaction. On the other hand, topology has recently revolutionized our understanding of condensed matter physics, introducing new phases of matter classified by intrinsic topological order. Here we connect the worlds of altermagnetism and topology, showing that the electronic structure of the altermagnet CrSb is topological and hosts a novel Weyl semimetallic state. Using high-resolution and spin angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we observe a large momentum-dependent spin-splitting in CrSb, reaching up to 1 eV, that induces altermagnetic Weyl nodes with an associated magnetic quantum number. At the surface we observe their spin-polarized topological Fermi-arcs. This establishes that in altermagnets the large energy scale intrinsic to the spin-splitting -orders of magnitude larger than the relativistic spin-orbit coupling- creates its own realm of robust electronic topology.
Differentiating Between Malaria and Dengue Fever Using Hematological Parameters in an Endemic Area
Authors: Pushpam J Stephanie Lilia , Rai Preethi , T Umashankar , Noronha Dotton Denis 
Published: May 2024

Background
Malaria and Dengue fever are the two most common arthropod-borne diseases in tropical countries like India, and endemic areas like Mangalore. Since they share a similar clinical presentation, identifying the hematological parameters, can help differentiate between patients of malaria and dengue fever and can help with its prognosis and early treatment. This study aims to find a link between diagnostic markers that are used to discriminate between the infections, occuring in malaria-endemic areas, such as Mangalore, Karnataka.
Methods
Retrospective study was carried out at department of Pathology, Father muller medical college, Mangalore for the duration of 2 years, January 2019 to January 2021. The hematological parameters for the diagnosed cases were collected from hospital database, were analyzed and evaluated.
Results
White blood cells, neutrophils, monocytes were significantly lower in patients with DF compared to patients with malaria (P < 0.005). In contrast, lymphocytes, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher in patients with DF as compared to patients with malaria (P < 0.005).
Conclusion
This study concludes that hematological parameters differ in Dengue Fever and Malaria,and using these parameters- haemoglobin, PCV, RBC, total count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, platelets, MCV, MCH, MCHC, age and gender, we can discriminate patients with dengue and malaria infection. In addition, using these parameters, will lead to early detection, diagnosis, and managementt of these tropical diseases.
A Systemic Review of T Regulatory Cells and Their Role In Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Taur Nishant , Kushwah Rashmi , Jain Mili , Singh Akansha , Mittal Rahul 
Published: May 2024

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) know for monitoring and regulating the immune response in healthy individuals. In hematological malignancies, Tregs cells exert an immunosuppressive effect thus playing an important role in tumor progression and spread. It is a systemic review focusing on evolution and prognostic role of Tregs in hematological malignancies and the results are very conflicting. Different tissues (peripheral blood, Lymphnode tissue and bone marrow) were used for studies with applications of different methods like Flow cytometry on whole blood / isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells with different gating techniques, Immunohistochemistry using different panel of monoclonal antibodies, which partially explained the confrontation of results. It is of particular importance to mention above finding to solidify the requirement of use of standardized approaches in study of Tregs in hematological malignancies and in cancer.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Breast: A Common Tumour at An Uncommon Site - A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Walia Gurpreet Kaur , Yadav Poonam , Dogra Natasha , Dwivedi Surjeet , Akal Ramanjit Singh 
Published: May 2024

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma is an uncommon malignancy of breast with favourable prognosis and distinct histomorphology. We present a case of 47 year old female with palpable lump in right breast. Mammogram revealed an irregular hypoechoic solid mass at 10 ‘O clock position with indistinct margins. Trucut biopsy sections revealed a tumour showing pseudoglandular and true gland-like spaces lined by epithelial and myoepithelial cells and filled with abundant homogenous eosinophilic material. Immunohistochemistry revealed triple negative tumour cells, low Ki 67 (1-2 %) with p63 positive in myoepithelial cells and CD117 positive in epithelial cells. With these findings, it was opined as Adenoid cystic carcinoma right breast and the patient underwent wide local excision which we received for histopathological examination. On serial slicing, a solid circumscribed tumour measuring 1x1x2 cm was seen. Sections revealed concurrent morphological and IHC findings as seen on trucut biopsy. Patient responded well to surgery followed by radiotherapy.
Polyphenolic content, phytochemical profile composition, and bioactive properties of Castilla Rose (Purshia plicata)
Authors: Gómez Macías Eloisa , Mellado Bosque Miguel Angel , Mellado Bosque Jesus Alberto , Ascacio Valdés Juan Alberto , Martínez Ávila Guillermo Cristian Guadalupe , Nuñez Colima Juan Antonio , Aguilera Carbó Antonio Francisco , Aguilar González Cristobal Noé 
Published: May 2024

One of the greatest risks to human and animal health are infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, as these microorganisms develop mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobials, as a consequence of the indiscriminate and prolonged use of antimicrobials. This makes the treatment of infectious diseases increasingly difficult, in addition to an increase in treatment costs. These disadvantages have led to the search for alternative therapies based on bioactive compounds such as tannins, and flavonoids. Thus, some plant-derived compounds have been used to counteract infectious diseases and other health disorders. This study aimed to identify polyphenols of purified extract from Purshia plicata, and evaluate the antioxidant potential and the response of in vitro antibacterial activity against pathogen microorganisms of clinical importance for humans and animals. An aqueous extraction was performed and the compounds were purified using liquid chromatography. The total polyphenolic content was measured employing the Folin Ciocalteu and butanol-HCI methods. The polyphenolic profile was identified by HPLC/ESI/MS. These compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion method and antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS•+, DPPH•, and FRAP methods. The compounds showed effectiveness against Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella sp, and moderate inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. The total hydrolyzable polyphenols content was 45.7 mg g-1; the total condensed polyphenols content was 27 mg g-1. The results of the antioxidant activity showed that IC50 was reached at 150 µgml-1, 250 µgml-1, and 150 µgml-1. Twelve compounds were identified by HPCL/ESI/MS, the most important being anthocyanins and ellagitannins. The polyphenolic compounds of P. plicata have the potential to be used as pharmacological products with antibacterial and antioxidant properties for the treatment of infectious diseases in animals and humans.
Choline Based Surfactants Promote Cellular Uptake of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles into Lung and Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Saadat Maryam , Jafari Sevda , Mahmoudian Mohammad , Sarfraz Muhammad , Khaleseh Farnaz , Zakeri-Milani Parvin , Shahbazi-Mojarrad Javid , Valizadeh Hadi 
Published: May 2024

Aims:
The aim of this study was to synthesize two positively charged surfactants
Stearoylcholine and Oleoylcholine from choline or vitamin B4, saturated and mono-unsaturated
fatty acids to modify solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in order to enhance cancer cell uptake.

Methods:
These surfactants were synthesized by using the esterification method and then SLN
formulations of unmodified and modified SLNs containing docetaxel were prepared by emulsification
technique. Cytotoxicity of the SLNs was investigated in A549 and MCF7 cancer cells
and their cell uptake was assessed by using fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry

Results:
The results of our study revealed that SLNs pose a mean particle size range of 69-133
nm with spherical morphology. In vitro release study demonstrated a slow-release pattern for all
three kinds of DTX-loaded SLNs. Stearoylcholine-containing SLNs showed the highest cytotoxic
effect on both cells while cytotoxicity of Oleoylcholine SLNs exhibited a dose-dependent
manner which may be due to the effect of saturated and mono-unsaturated parts of surfactants.
According to flow cytometric analysis, OC and SC containing SLNs showed the highest uptake
into A549 and MCF7 cells, respectively.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, choline-based surfactants could effectively increase the A549 and
MCF7 uptake of modified SLNs, which may be due to cationic surface, choline transporters, and
special receptors and mediators.
A Quality By Design (QbD) Prospect in Fabrication of PLGA-based
Antipsychotic Long-acting Microspheres: An Alternative to Combination
Therapy
Authors: Singh Akanksha , Narkhede Rajkiran , Athawale Rajani 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Discontinuation and poor compliance with long-term oral medicine are
major therapeutic issues in psychosis treatment. Poorer long-term outcomes may result from
non-compliance as well as a higher chance of relapse. In order to sustain therapeutic drug plasma
levels, co-administration of oral antipsychotics is necessary for commercially available longacting
injections of second-generation antipsychotics, as they have a lag period of approximately
three weeks during the drug release process.

Methods:
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) encapsulated microspheres loaded with risperidone
were fabricated in the current research for intramuscular administration. The single emulsion
solvent evaporation technique was applied for the fabrication of microspheres. Risperidone
microspheres were prepared using PLGA grade 75:25. Particle size, drug content and entrapment
efficiency with a central composite design were the main optimization parameters for the formulation.
The microspheres were characterized by different techniques, namely Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry
(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The
drug content, entrapment efficiency, morphology, particle size, and in vitro release profiles,
along with release kinetics of the risperidone microspheres, were studied.

Results and Discussion:
The microspheres produced by the single emulsion solvent evaporation
approach show smooth and spherical morphology, with particle size ranging from 3 μm to 6 μm,
drug content of 99.7%, and entrapment efficiency of 98.2% with little burst release of 3% to
10%, providing drug release for 45 days and exhibiting zero order release kinetics and Korsmeyer-
Peppas model for non-fickian drug release from the polymeric matrix. By applying the Quality
by Design (QbD) approach and formulation parameters, microspheres with appropriate particle
size, morphology, enhanced drug content, entrapment efficiency and desirable drug release
profile for depot formulation can be obtained successfully.

Conclusion:
The optimized microspheres, in comparison to the marketed Risperdal Consta™,
show enhanced potential for a better depot formulation, which can further improve patient compliance.
Exploring the Reality behind Augmented Reality Applications in Retailing: The Role of Value Orientation and Use Frequency
Authors: Al-Sharqi Mais A. , Hasan Haitham S. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Augmented reality (AR) technology has altered the retail business
while also improving the shopping experience. Several studies have been conducted to investigate
the factors that influence the relevance of perceived AR technology values, as well as how
these values influence customer enjoyment and the desire to spread good word of mouth
(WOM). This study explores how the perceived value of AR affects customer satisfaction, enjoyment,
and recommendations.

Objective:
This study aimed to examine how the usage frequency moderates the associations
between human value orientation and perceived AR values, as well as the correlations between
valued AR and satisfaction and positive WOM intention. It studies the relationship between
perceived AR values and consumer happiness, as well as the influence of human value orientation
on perceived AR values (receptivity to change, preservation of resources, selfimprovement,
and transcendence of oneself) (playful, social, aesthetic appeal, and usability).

Methods:
This research extends the human value orientation theory by proposing a novel model
for the link between AR value orientation and usage frequency. To obtain data, a survey was
distributed to those who have engaged with retail AR features.

Results:
Contrary to popular belief, the data demonstrate that a certain group of perceived AR
values is linked to each value orientation, emphasizing the significance of a certain perceived
AR value in affecting customer satisfaction and positive WOM intention. This study shows
that usage frequency moderates the associations between human value orientation and perceived
AR values, as well as the correlations between valued AR and satisfaction and positive
WOM intention. It also shows that consumer value orientation is the most essential aspect in
choosing which AR technology advantage they value most. AR technology values also affect
consumer satisfaction and word-of-mouth marketing (WOM).

Conclusion:
The value orientation of an individual influences the value of augmented reality
technology, which may vary depending on the frequency of usage. This paper concludes with
suggestions for merchants regarding augmented reality technology. Moreover, the precise
number of applications that can be made available to customers and retailers is determined by
this study, which benefits both retailers and researchers.