bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Botulinum toxin historical aspects: from food poisoning to pharmaceutical
Authors: Kopera Daisy 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  In the history of medicine, unexpected coincidences indicated the development of new treatment options.Objective  One of the most peculiar ones concerns the finding of botulinum toxin, and this should be familiar to physicians using the drug.Methods  A survey through the history of the “fat‐poison” has been performed.Result  A poison turned to one of the most popular drugs in aesthetic medicine.Conclusion  Depending on the dose, a substance may be poisonous or not.
The impact of stratifying initial dose of corticosteroids by severity of pemphigus vulgaris on long‐term disease severity
Authors: Lyakhovitsky Anna , Baum Sharon , Scope Alon , Amichai Boaz , Barzilai A. , Rimer Jacob , Trau Henri 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life‐threatening disease affecting skin and mucous membranes. The “epitope spreading” theory posits that uncontrolled PV can gradually worsen because of exposure of cellular antigens to the immune system. To this end, high‐dose systemic corticosteroids have been advocated as first‐line treatment for patients with PV to achieve disease control.Objective  To determine whether the initial dose of prednisone stratified by disease severity affects long‐term disease severity.Methods  A retrospective study was conducted on 58 patients with PV with at least five years of follow‐up from diagnosis. Patients were categorized into three groups according to the initial dose of prednisone treatment. Parameters analyzed included age, gender, disease severity at baseline and follow‐up, hospitalizations, prednisone doses and adjuvant therapy at follow‐up, and remission rate.Results  Ten patients received initial low‐dose prednisone or were treated initially without systemic CS, 19 patients received intermediate‐dose prednisone, and 29 received high‐dose prednisone. Disease severity at presentation correlated directly with initial prednisone doses. The duration of the first hospitalization and number of hospitalization days during the five‐year follow‐up period were significantly lower in the group treated with initial low‐dose prednisone and similar for the groups treated with intermediate and high doses.Conclusions  Disease severity of PV at presentation is a good predictor of the clinical course. Stratifying initial prednisone dose according to PV disease severity at presentation is appropriate.
Greater expression of TC21/R‐ras2 in highly aggressive malignant skin cancer
Authors: Lee Jang Hyun , Pyon Jai‐Kyung , Lee Sang Han , Lee Yoon Jin , Kang Sang Gue , Kim Chul Han , Kim Dong Wook , Nam Hae Seon , Park Yoon Hyung , Jeong Dong Jun , Cho Moon Kyun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  TC21 plays an important role in highly aggressive tumor formation, and it was overexpressed in several human cancers, including breast cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and esophageal SCC. In light of this, we explored the expression of TC21 in overall skin cancers in order to evaluate the relationship between TC21 and malignant skin tumors.Methods  We examined six normal skin tissues and 18 malignant skin tumor tissues, including six malignant melanomas (MM), six SCCs, and six basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) using western blotting for the expression of TC21. In another set, 16 specimens of MM, 16 SCC, and 16 BCC were analyzed for the expression of TC21 using immunohistochemical staining. To evaluate the amount of expression of TC21, the Raytest TINA software was used for western blotting and a histochemical score (HSCORE) was used for immunohistochemical evaluation.Results  The western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that TC21 was expressed in all malignant skin tumors and not in normal skin tissues. The relative protein expression was an average of 0.004 in normal skin, 1.042 in MM, 0.621 in SCC, and 0.485 in BCC. In immunohistochemistry, HSCORE for normal skin was an average of 0.05, MM was 2.42, SCC was 2.11, and BCC was 1.22.Conclusions  This article is the first study demonstrating expression of TC21 in human skin malignant tumors and suggests that TC21 is more expressed in highly aggressive skin tumors.
Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome in a patient with localized fibrofolliculomas and a novel mutation in the FLCN gene
Authors: Alonso‐González Julio , Rodríguez‐Pazos Laura , Fernández‐Redondo Virginia , Vega‐Gliemmo Ana , Toribio Jaime 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHDS) is characterized by skin fibrofolliculomas (FF), multiple lung cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax, and renal cancer. Cutaneous lesions are usually distributed over the face, neck, and upper trunk. The presence of FF confined to a circumscribed region of the skin has rarely been reported.Case report  A 64‐year‐old woman presented with a 20‐year history of asymptomatic skin lesions located on the neck. Multiple skin‐colored papules with a clinical plaque‐like appearance were confined to the right side of the neck. Histopathological findings were typical for FF, and BHDS was suspected. The novel heterozygous mutation p.Val126SerfsX4 was identified in exon 5 of the FLCN gene. Colonoscopy, abdominal ultrasound, and abdominal thoracic scan revealed no associated pathologies, except for benign renal and hepatic cysts.Discussion  To date, only two cases of localized FF in BHDS have been reported. Mutation analysis was not performed, but the authors considered the lesions to represent a localized variant of BHDS and speculated that this unusual form of the disease may be associated with a lack of visceral involvement as no signs of systemic disease were detected.Conclusions  We identified the novel germline mutation p.Vall26SerfsX4 as responsible for this aspect of the patient’s phenotype, which suggests that alterations in the FLCN gene are also responsible for localized forms of BHDS. Moreover, the localized distribution of skin lesions may be related to a less severe form of the disease.
The incidence of leukotrichia in segmental vitiligo: implication of poor response to medical treatment
Authors: Lee Dong‐Youn , Kim Cho‐Rok , Park Ji‐Hye , Lee Joo‐Heung 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  In vitiligo, the melanocyte of the hair follicle is one of the major sources for repigmentation. Segmental vitiligo seems to be often associated with white hairs. However, in the case of small vellus hairs, it is often difficult or impossible to detect hair color. Thus, the real incidence of leukotrichia in segmental vitiligo has not been known.Materials and methods  In this study, we investigated the existence of white hairs in the lesional skin of 82 patients with segmental vitiligo. When it was difficult to detect hair color with the naked eye or a magnifier, a digital microscope with 30× magnification was used.Results  Interestingly, all 82 patients showed leukotrichia in segmental vitiligo independent of age and disease duration. Some patients had more than 90% white hairs in the lesional skin, and they showed poor response to medical treatment.Conclusions  Based on our results, a very high percentage of patients with segmental vitiligo may be associated with leukotrichia. Many white hairs in segmental vitiligo may contribute to the lack of response with medical treatment. The examination of hair color with a digital microscope may be very useful for the prediction of treatment outcome and decision of treatment modalities.
Developing healthy childhood behaviour: Outcomes of a summer camp experience
Authors: Seal Nuananong , Seal John 
Published: July 2011

Seal N, Seal J. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 428–434 Developing healthy childhood behaviour: Outcomes of a summer camp experience The purpose of this pilot study was to test the short‐term effects of the Wellness Summer Camp (WSC) on changes in children's knowledge of healthy foods and healthy snacks, physical activity and eating behaviours, and self‐perception of competence in school‐age children. The WSC programme activities were developed based on age‐appropriate developmental theory, including healthy behaviour developmental skills and reinforcement for effective behaviour choices and action patterns. A total of 18 children who participated in the 10 day WSC were evaluated using a pretest–posttest evaluation design. The results revealed that at post‐intervention, children significantly improved their knowledge about healthy foods and healthy snacks. Based on paired t‐test analyses, the mean posttest scores of healthy eating behaviours and self‐perception of competence were statistically significantly higher than the mean pretest scores. The mean posttest score of physical activity also increased but not statistically significant. Introducing children to the WSC programme could help maximize their opportunities to build confidence and self‐competence to improve their knowledge of healthy foods and healthy snacks as well as motivate them to engage in healthy behaviours.
When time matters: The reality of patient care in acute care settings
Authors: Laitinen Heleena , Kaunonen Marja , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi 
Published: July 2011

Laitinen H, Kaunonen M, Åstedt‐Kurki P. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 388–395 When time matters: The reality of patient care in acute care settings The purpose of the study was to investigate the reality of patient care in acute care settings when the patients' stay in the hospital was relatively short. The study was conducted by using the grounded theory method with constant comparative analysis. The sample comprised patients (n = 43) participating, relatives and hospital staff. The data were collected by participant observation, including informal interviews in natural settings, and by reviewing participating patients' electronic patient records. The main findings are presented in three categories: patients' endurance, interface and broken interface (along with several subcategories). The study showed that even with time pressures, good health care was delivered. However, it also showed some challenging issues for improvement. The study concluded that it is crucial for caregivers to focus on interactive patient care.
Individual face‐to‐face support and quality of life in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Salonen Päivi , Tarkka Marja‐Terttu , Kellokumpu‐Lehtinen Pirkko‐Liisa , Koivisto Anna‐Maija , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi , Kaunonen Marja 
Published: July 2011

Salonen P, Tarkka M‐T, Kellokumpu‐Lehtinen P‐L, Koivisto A‐M, Åstedt‐Kurki P, Kaunonen M. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 396–410 Individual face‐to‐face support and quality of life in patients with breast cancer Living with breast cancer significantly affects women's quality of life (QOL) creating a need for support that might persist throughout the breast cancer experience. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of individual face‐to‐face support on women's QOL and identify factors associated with their QOL. A two‐group quasi‐experimental design was used with a sample of 204 women who was assigned to the intervention (n = 112) or the control group (n = 92) in hospital after breast cancer surgery. Data of this study were collected 6 months after the surgery by structured questionnaires and analysed statistically using descriptive statistics and non‐parametric tests. Factors predicting poor QOL were investigated using logistic regression models with enter‐method. Women in the intervention group reported less arm symptoms and clinically better sexual functioning. Factors related to QOL were age, education, employment status, lymph node status, type of surgery, type of axillary surgery, received chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and ongoing therapy. Factors, predictive of poor QOL, included control group, age, education, type of surgery, type of axillary surgery, chemotherapy and ongoing therapy. Short‐term face‐to‐face education and support intervention might have decreased arm symptoms and increased sexual functioning. Women with breast cancer should be offered systematic support and education, which is tailored to women's individual needs.
Anxiety and depression levels of inpatients in the city centre of Kirşehir in Turkey
Authors: Ünsal Ayla , Ünaldi Cansu , Baytemir Çiğdem 
Published: July 2011

Ünsal A, Ünaldi C, Baytemir Ç. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 411–418 Anxiety and depression levels of inpatients in the city centre of Kirşehir in Turkey The aim of this study was to determine the anxiety and depression levels of inpatients. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Kırşehir in the middle part of Turkey with a sample of 433 inpatients. As the data‐gathering tools, a questionnaire form and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal–Wallis Variance analysis and Mann–Whitney U‐test. The mean HADS‐depression scores of patients were compared according to the clinics they were in, and the difference was found to be significant for HADS‐depression (P < 0.01) scores. The mean HADS‐anxiety score of participants was 9.07, and the mean HADS‐depression scores was 8.88. Among the participants in this study, 44.3% had an anxiety disorder (HADS‐anxiety score of ≥ 10) whereas the 73.7% showed depression (HADS‐depression score of ≥ 7). Results indicate that support, counselling, and routine screening for anxiety and depression should be provided to inpatients.
Safety of rapid rituximab infusion in adult cancer patients: A systematic review
Authors: Lang Dora SP , Hagger Christina , Pearson Alan 
Published: July 2011

Lang DSP, Hagger C, Pearson A. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 357–369 Safety of rapid rituximab infusion in adult cancer patients: A systematic review The purpose of this study is to critically appraise, synthesize and present the best available evidence related to the safety of rapid rituximab infusion in adult non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients. Data are from published and unpublished studies from electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists. The studies that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised by two independent reviewers for methodological validity using standardized critical appraisal instruments. Proportional meta‐analysis based on DerSimonian–Laird weights using a random effects model was used for statistical pooling through Stats Direct. Heterogeneity is assessed using Cochran Q. When statistical pooling is not possible, the findings were presented in narrative summary. Rapid rituximab infusion is safe for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma patients at a 90 min regimen. However, there is insufficient evidence to support rapid rituximab infusions for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients.
Registered nurses' beliefs of the benefits of exercise, their exercise behaviour and their patient teaching regarding exercise
Authors: Esposito Eileen M , Fitzpatrick Joyce J 
Published: July 2011

Esposito EM, Fitzpatrick JJ. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 351–356 Registered nurses' beliefs of the benefits of exercise, their exercise behaviour and their patient teaching regarding exercise Recommendations by experts have been in place for > 10 years encouraging every adult to participate in ≥ 30 min of daily moderate‐intensity physical activity. Despite extensive research supporting the value of physical activity, only about one‐third of all adults meet physical activity recommendations. Using Pender's Health Promotion Theory as the framework, this study was focused on the relationships between nurses' beliefs regarding the benefits of exercise, their exercise behaviour and their recommendation of exercise for health promotion or as part of a treatment plan. Results showed positive correlations between exercise benefits, physical activity and recommendation of exercise to patients. Nurses who believe in health promotion and embrace healthy behaviours are more likely to be positive role models and teach healthy behaviours to their patients. Recommendations for practice and future research are included.
Personality traits of Australian nurses and doctors: Challenging stereotypes?
Authors: Eley Diann S , Eley Robert M 
Published: July 2011

Eley DS, Eley RM.International Journal of Nursing Practice2011;17: 380–387Personality traits of Australian nurses and doctors: Challenging stereotypes?This study compared temperament and character traits of Australian registered nurses and general practitioners. A cross‐sectional quantitative design used the Temperament and Character Inventory. Total sample size was 426. Only main effects were detected. Nurses were higher in the temperament traits of Novelty Seeking and Reward Dependence, lower in the character traits of Self‐Directedness and Cooperativeness but higher in Self‐Transcendence compared with the sample of doctors. Differences in personality profiles between registered nurses and general practitioners might challenge existing stereotypes between these professions. Further exploration of traits exclusive to and shared among health professions would supplement a broad conceptualization of specialities and support the enhancement of appropriate training and career counselling. Awareness of one's temperament and character can lead to a clearer understanding of how they function in the workplace and might encourage reflection on and insight into the implications of their personality and career plans.
Validity and reliability of physical activity questionnaire for Japanese students
Authors: Okuda Masayuki , Yoshitake Norikazu , Tanaka Shigeho , Kunitsugu Ichiro , Tan Nobusuke , Uechi Hiroaki , Sasaki Satoshi , Hobara Tatsuya 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:  Self‐administered questionnaires about physical activity are useful for collecting data to develop public health policies. There is currently no validated physical activity questionnaire, however, for Japanese children and adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of self‐administered, physical activity questionnaires for Japanese students.Methods:  Fifth‐ and eighth‐grade students were asked to complete two questionnaires that estimated the intensity and time of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activities in which they participated, and the frequency and duration spent performing sports activities. Students also wore triaxial accelerometers to compare their actual activity levels to their estimates, to investigate the validity and reliability of the questionnaires.Results:  The intensity and time spent performing moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity that were estimated from the questionnaire were higher than those measured by accelerometry (9–161% of accelerometry). Questionnaire data were highly correlated with accelerometer data for eighth graders (Spearman correlation, 0.642–0.754), but the correlations were lower for fifth graders (≤0.331). Furthermore, there was higher repeatability in the data collected from eighth graders (intraclass correlation, 0.625–0.645) than from fifth graders (0.136–0.194).Conclusions:  Questionnaires may be useful in epidemiological studies for ranking physical activity levels of adolescents, such as a confounding factor for other lifestyle surveys, but these surveys are less accurate for younger children.
A novel three‐dimensional dynamic anorectal ultrasonography technique for the assessment of perineal descent, compared with defaecography
Authors: Murad‐Regadas S. M. , dos Santos D. , Soares G. , Regadas F. S. P. , Rodrigues L. V. , Buchen G. , Kenmoti V. T. , Surimã W. S. , Fernandes G. O. da S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim  The purpose of the study was to describe a novel three‐dimensional dynamic anorectal ultrasonography technique (dynamic 3‐DAUS) for assessment of perineal descent (PD) and establishment of normal range values, comparing it with defaecography. Secondarily, the study compares the ability of the two techniques to identify various pelvic floor dysfunctions.Method  A prospective study was undertaken in 29 women (mean age 43 years) with obstructed defecation disorder. All patients underwent defaecography and dynamic 3‐DAUS and the results were compared. Lee kappa coefficients (K) were used.Results  On defaecography, PD > 3 cm was detected in 12 patients. On dynamic 3‐DAUS, 10 of these patients had PD > 2.5 cm. Seventeen had normal PD on defaecography and PD ≤ 2.5 cm on dynamic 3‐DAUS (K 0.85). Normal relaxation was observed in 10 patients and anismus in 14 with both techniques (K 0.65). Both techniques identified five patients without rectocele, two with grade I rectocele (K 0.89 and 1.00, respectively) and 10 with grade II and nine with grade III (K 0.72 and 0.77, respectively). Rectal intussusception was identified in six patients on defaecography. These were confirmed on dynamic 3‐DAUS in addition to the identification of another seven cases indicating moderate agreement (K 0.46). Enterocele/sigmoidocele grade III was identified in one patient with both techniques, indicating substantial agreement (K 0.65).Conclusion  Dynamic 3‐DAUS was shown to be a reliable technique for the assessment of PD and pelvic floor dysfunctions, identifying all disorders and confirming findings from defaecography.
Development of fulminant Type 1 diabetes with thrombocytopenia after influenza vaccination: a case report
Authors: Yasuda H. , Nagata M. , Moriyama H. , Kobayashi H. , Akisaki T. , Ueda H. , Hara K. , Yokono K. 
Published: July 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 88–89 (2012)AbstractBackground  Fulminant Type 1 diabetes was originally reported as idiopathic Type 1 diabetes. Involvement of viral infections in the pathogenesis of fulminant T1D has been suggested, but the development of fulminant Type 1 diabetes after influenza vaccination has not been reported.Case Report  We report a case of fulminant Type 1 diabetes with thrombocytopenia following influenza vaccination. A 54‐year‐old man was admitted to hospital with hyperglycaemia and diabetic ketosis. Seven days before admission, he received a seasonal influenza vaccine for the prevention of influenza infection. On admission, blood glucose was 29 mmol/L and HbA1c 40 mmol/mol (5.9%). Fasting and 2‐h C‐peptide immunoreactivity were <0.0333 nmol/L and 0.0999 nmol/L, respectively. Anti‐GAD and anti‐IA‐2 antibodies were negative, so no autoimmunity seemed to participate in the etiology. ELISPOT assay also showed no association with T cell‐mediated autoimmunity. HLA genotypes were consistent with susceptibility to fulminant Type 1 diabetes. After the abrupt onset of diabetes, he showed mild thrombocytopenia, which has been observed for approximately 5 years after diabetes development.Conclusion  This is the first description of fulminant Type 1 diabetes after influenza vaccination. Our observation raises the possibility that influenza vaccination might trigger this condition via the TLR7 pathway.
Further Notes on Record Taking and Making in Maternity Care: The Case of South Asian Descent Women
Authors: Bowler Isobel 
Published: July 2011

This paper draws on data from a small-scale ethnographic study of the delivery of maternity care to South Asian descent women in a hospital in Southern England during 1988. Stereotyped views of these women which related to their customs and culture as well as their typification as patients were commonly expressed by staff, particularly midwives. The paper examines the role of medical records and record making in stereotyping Asian women: the ways in which stereotyped views of women may affect the record making process; and how that process itself may reinforce and create stereotypes. The utility of records for ‘rate production’ purposes is also discussed. The focus of the paper is the creation of a woman's maternity records which occurs in the antenatal clinic. The transformation of stigmatised views of a client into ‘facts’ about a client is common among bureaucrats, in this setting health service staff. This process affects the client's future encounters with the bureaucracy. In medical settings records (ie the case notes) help to create, transmit and reify negative stereotypes of health service users. These stereotypes can affect the kind of care given to individual patients.