bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industrial production of recombinant therapeutics in Escherichia coli and its recent advancements
Authors: Huang Chung-Jr , Lin Henry , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Nearly 30% of currently approved recombinant therapeutic proteins are produced in Escherichia coli. Due to its well-characterized genetics, rapid growth and high-yield production, E. coli has been a preferred choice and a workhorse for expression of non-glycosylated proteins in the biotech industry. There is a wealth of knowledge and comprehensive tools for E. coli systems, such as expression vectors, production strains, protein folding and fermentation technologies, that are well tailored for industrial applications. Advancement of the systems continues to meet the current industry needs, which are best illustrated by the recent drug approval of E. coli produced antibody fragments and Fc-fusion proteins by the FDA. Even more, recent progress in expression of complex proteins such as full-length aglycosylated antibodies, novel strain engineering, bacterial N-glycosylation and cell-free systems further suggests that complex proteins and humanized glycoproteins may be produced in E. coli in large quantities. This review summarizes the current technology used for commercial production of recombinant therapeutics in E. coli and recent advances that can potentially expand the use of this system toward more sophisticated protein therapeutics.
Absorption and Metabolism of cis‐9,trans‐11‐CLA and of Its Oxidation Product 9,11‐Furan Fatty Acid by Caco‐2 Cells
Authors: Buhrke Thorsten , Merkel Roswitha , Lengler Imme , Lampen Alfonso 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFuran fatty acids (furan‐FA) can be formed by auto‐oxidation of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and may therefore be ingested when CLA‐containing foodstuff is consumed. Due to the presence of a furan ring structure, furan‐FA may have toxic properties, however, these substances are toxicologically not well characterized so far. Here we show that 9,11‐furan‐FA, the oxidation product of the major CLA isomer cis‐9,trans‐11‐CLA (c9,t11‐CLA), is not toxic to human intestinal Caco‐2 cells up to a level of 100 μM. Oil‐Red‐O staining indicated that 9,11‐furan‐FA as well as c9,t11‐CLA and linoleic acid are taken up by the cells and stored in the form of triglycerides in lipid droplets. Chemical analysis of total cellular lipids revealed that 9,11‐furan‐FA is partially elongated probably by the enzymatic activity of cellular fatty acid elongases whereas c9,t11‐CLA is partially converted to other isomers such as c9,c11‐CLA or t9,t11‐CLA. In the case of 9,11‐furan‐FA, there is no indication for any modification or activation of the furan ring system. From these results, we conclude that 9,11‐furan‐FA has no properties of toxicological relevance at least for Caco‐2 cells which serve as a model for enterocytes of the human small intestine.
Rice in Dravidian
Authors: Southworth Franklin 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The Dravidian languages, now spoken mainly in peninsular India, form one of two main branches of the Zagrosian language family, whose other main branch consists of Elamitic and Brahui. Proto-Dravidian, the oldest reconstructible form of Dravidian, shows a society whose economy is based mainly on herding. While the speakers of Proto-Dravidian had some agricultural knowledge, they do not appear to have brought cereals with them when they moved from western Iran to the borderlands of South Asia in the fourth millennium BCE. Linguistic evidence shows that they had contact with Indo-Iranian speakers, and some groups of Dravidian speakers entered the Indus Valley before or during the period of the Harappan civilization. Dravidian-speaking groups played a significant role in herding and agriculture during that period and later, and may have been the first to cultivate rice on a large scale in the Indus Valley.
A multicenter study of the clinical characteristics of usual‐type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia in China
Authors: Li Xiaochuan , Zhu Lan , Gu Yu , Jin Hangmei , Wang Changyu , Lang Jinghe 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate clinical characteristics of usual‐type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN) in China.MethodsA retrospective review of the records of 64 patients with uVIN was performed at 3 academic hospitals between 2004 and 2010. Patients were assigned to a younger (≤ 40 years) or an older (> 40 years) group. Clinical characteristics of lesions were described and analyzed.ResultsMean patient age was 40.6 years. There was a high proportion of incidental findings (34%), multifocal lesions (64%), variegated lesions (59%), and multiple neoplastic lesions in the lower genital tract (20%). As patient age increased, so did numbers of patients reporting pain (P < 0.05). Longer time between symptom onset and uVIN diagnosis, and more multifocal lesions were noted in the older group (P < 0.05). Whereas younger patients often presented with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and uVIN, older patients often presented with intraepithelial neoplasia at uncommon locations (e.g. vagina, anus, and periurethral region) (P < 0.05). No differences between the groups were found regarding gross appearance or anatomic location of uVIN lesions (P > 0.05).ConclusionAge‐specific differences were noted in location of neoplastic lesions in the lower genital tract and time to diagnosis of uVIN. However, the clinical features of uVIN lesions were heterogeneous and non‐age specific.
Effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on intensity of primary dysmenorrhea
Authors: Rahbar Nahid , Asgharzadeh Neda , Ghorbani Raheb 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether dietary supplementation with omega‐3 fatty acids relieved symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea.MethodsWomen aged 18–22 years with primary dysmenorrhea were enrolled in a double‐blind crossover study. Women assigned to group 1 (n = 47) received 1 omega‐3 capsule daily for 3 months, followed by placebo for 3 months. Women in group 2 (n = 48) received placebo for 3 months, followed by omega‐3 for 3 months. A washout period was performed in both groups. Participants used 400 mg of ibuprofen as a rescue dose if severe menstrual pains were experienced.ResultsA marked reduction in pain intensity was observed after 3 months of treatment with omega‐3 fatty acids (P < 0.05). Women who received omega‐3 fatty acids required fewer rescue doses than women who received placebo (P < 0.05). The mean numbers of ibuprofen tablets used after 3 months with omega‐3 fatty acids were 4.3 ± 2.1 (group 1) and 3.2 ± 2.5 (group 2); the mean numbers of tablets used after 3 months of placebo were 5.3 ± 2.2 (group 1) and 6.0 ± 2.6 (group 2) (P = 0.001 for both).ConclusionSupplementation with omega‐3 fatty acids reduced the symptom intensity of primary dysmenorrhea. Supplementation efficacy was sufficient to decrease the ibuprofen rescue dose.
Multiple‐dose vaginal misoprostol and single‐dose misoprostol plus oxytocin for termination of second‐trimester pregnancy
Authors: Zangeneh Maryam , Malek‐Khosravi Shohreh , Veisi Firoozeh , Rezavand Negin , Rezaee Mansour , Rajatee Mozhgan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare 2 different methods—multiple doses of misoprostol and a combination of misoprostol and oxytocin—for termination of pregnancy in the second trimester.MethodsBetween 2006 and 2008, 120 women undergoing termination of second‐trimester pregnancy in 2 hospitals in Kermanshah, Iran, were enrolled in a randomized trial comparing 2 treatments. In each treatment group, an initial vaginal dose of 600 μg of misoprostol was placed in the posterior fornix. After 6 hours, an intravenous infusion of concentrated oxytocin was given to women in group A, and 400 μg of vaginal misoprostol was given every 6 hours to women group B, up to a maximum of 4 doses. The outcomes were compared via χ2 and independent t tests.ResultsWithin 30 hours, 96.7% of women in group A and 96.7% of women in group B delivered successfully. The average duration between induction and delivery time was 12.3 ± 6.0 hours in group A and 12.1 ± 6.0 hours in group B (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe use of misoprostol with oxytocin, and multiple doses of misoprostol gave similar results for termination of pregnancy in the second trimester.
Gesundheitsförderung bei älteren Langzeitarbeitslosen
Authors: Mühlpfordt Susann , Rothländer Katrin , Richter Peter 
Published: January 2012

Einleitung
Das hier beschriebene Projekt richtete sich speziell an ältere Langzeitarbeitslose (50 - 65 Jahren) als besonders benachteiligte und in ihrer Gesundheit gefährdete Gruppe. Ziel war es, verhaltens- und verhältnisorientierte Ansätze zur Gesundheitsförderung älterer Erwerbsloser zu evaluieren. Dabei standen die Stabilisierung und Stärkung psychosozialer Ressourcen, wie Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (Schwarzer und Jerusalem, 1999) und wahrgenommene körperliche, psychische und soziale Gesundheit (Manz, 1998) im Vordergrund.
Können Mobilität und Sicherheit bei Menschen mit Demenz in Pflegeheimen gefördert werden?
Authors: Schäufele Martina , Hoell Andreas , Hendlmeier Ingrid , Weyerer Siegfried 
Published: January 2012

Einleitung
Hochaltrige Menschen mit Demenz in Pflegeheimen sind eine Hochrisikogruppe für Einschränkungen der Mobilität und Sicherheit. Abgesehen davon, dass solche Einschränkungen die Lebenserwartung und Lebensqualität im höheren Alter nachweislich bedeutsam mindern, sind sie mit erheblichen ökonomischen Folgekosten verbunden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden in 20 Pflegeheimen interdisziplinäre Leitlinien zur Förderung von Mobilität und Sicherheit demenzkranker Bewohner implementiert und auf ihre Wirksamkeit hin untersucht (Schäufele et al., 2011).
Fit50+: Gezielte Gesundheitsförderung bei Langzeiterwerbslosen
Authors: Kreuzfeld Steffi , Stoll Regina 
Published: January 2012

Einleitung
Die negativen Folgen von Erwerbslosigkeit auf die physische und psychische Gesundheit sind seit langem belegt. Neben finanziellen Einschränkungen sind der Verlust sozialer Kontakte, persönlicher Anerkennung und der Wegfall der Lebensperspektive gravierende Faktoren, die sowohl das subjektive Gesundheitserleben als auch das Gesundheitsverhalten und die objektive Gesundheit beeinflussen. Gezielte Gesundheitsförderung ist notwendig und sinnvoll, um Reintegrationsprozesse zu unterstützen.
Intermittent dynamics of turbulence hibernation in Newtonian and viscoelastic minimal channel flows
Authors: Xi Li , Graham Michael D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMaximum drag reduction (MDR), the asymptotic upper limit of reduction in turbulent friction drag by polymer additives, is the most important unsolved problem in viscoelastic turbulence. Recent studies of turbulence in minimal flow units have identified time intervals showing key features of MDR. These intervals, denoted ‘hibernating turbulence’ are found in both Newtonian and viscoelastic flows. The present study provides a comprehensive examination of this turbulence hibernation phenomenon in the minimal channel geometry, and discusses its impact on the turbulent dynamics and drag reduction. Similarities between hibernating turbulence and MDR are established in terms of both flow statistics (an intermittency factor, mean and fluctuating components of velocity) and flow structure (weak vortices and nearly streamwise-invariant kinematics). Hibernation occurs more frequently at high levels of viscoelasticity, leading to flows that increasingly resemble MDR. Viscoelasticity facilitates the occurrence of hibernation by suppressing the conventional ‘active’ turbulence, but has little influence on hibernation itself. At low Weissenberg number$\mathit{Wi}$, the average duration of active turbulence intervals is constant, but above a critical value of$\mathit{Wi}$, the duration decreases dramatically, and accordingly, the fraction of time spent in hibernation increases. This observation can be explained with a simple mathematical model that posits that the lifetime of an active turbulence interval is the time that it takes for the turbulence to stretch polymer molecules to a certain threshold value; once the molecules exceed this threshold, they exert a large enough stress on the flow to suppress the active turbulence. This model predicts an explicit form for the duration as a function of$\mathit{Wi}$and the simulation results match this prediction very closely. The critical point where hibernation frequency becomes substantially increased coincides with the point where qualitative changes are observed in overall flow statistics – the transition between ‘low-drag-reduction’ and ‘high-drag-reduction’ regimes. Probability density functions of important variables reveal a much higher level of intermittency in the turbulent dynamics after this transition. It is further confirmed that hibernating turbulence is a Newtonian structure during which polymer extension is small. Based on these results, a framework is proposed that explains key transitions in viscoelastic turbulence, especially the convergence toward MDR.
Slow entropy and differentiable models for infinite-measure preserving ℤk actions
Authors: HOCHMAN MICHAEL 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe define ‘slow’ entropy invariants for ℤd actions on infinite measure spaces, which measure growth of itineraries at subexponential scales. We use this notion to construct infinite-measure preserving ℤ2 actions which cannot be realized as a group of diffeomorphisms of a compact manifold preserving a Borel measure, in contrast to the situation for ℤ actions, where every infinite-measure preserving action can be realized in this way.
A stable adaptive force/position controller for a C5 parallel robot: a neural network approach
Authors: Achili B. , Daachi B. , Amirat Y. , Ali-Cherif A. , Daâchi M. E. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents an adaptive force/position controller for a parallel robot executing constrained motions. This controller, based on an MLPNN (or Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network), does not require the inverse dynamic model of the robot to derive the control law. A neural identification of the dynamic model of the robot is proposed to determine the principal components of the MLPNN input vector. The latter is used to compensate the dynamic effects arising from the robot–environment interaction and its parameters are adjusted according to an adaptation law based on the Lyapunov-analysis methodology. The proposed controller is evaluated experimentally on the C5 parallel robot. This method is capable of tracking accurately the force/position trajectories and its stability robustness is proved.
Guidelines for the New Nordic Diet
Authors: Mithril Charlotte , Dragsted Lars Ove , Meyer Claus , Blauert Emil , Holt Mathias Krog , Astrup Arne 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveDiet has a significant impact on health, and ensuring that the population eats a healthy diet remains a public health challenge. Research is needed in order to improve the palatability of a healthy diet and make it attractive to the consumer. It has also been suggested that dietary recommendations should be tailored to regional conditions. The OPUS (Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet) project investigates whether it is possible to develop a healthy New Nordic Diet (NND) that is palatable, environmentally friendly and based on foods originating from the Nordic region. The present paper describes the overall guidelines for the NND, developed and investigated in the multidisciplinary, 5-year OPUS research project. All guidelines are described in relation to the key principles: health, gastronomic potential and Nordic identity, and sustainability.ResultsThe NND is described by the overall guidelines: (i) more calories from plant foods and fewer from meat; (ii) more foods from the sea and lakes; and (iii) more foods from the wild countryside. These overall guidelines result in a set of proposed dietary components which will be presented in a subsequent paper.ConclusionsBoth the guidelines and the diet are composed taking the potential health-promoting properties and Nordic identity of the NND into account, as well as concern for environmental issues and gastronomic potential.
Changes in enzyme activities and in the functional diversity of actinomycetes due to long term agricultural management
Authors: Eckstein Yvonne , Tarkka Mika , Gutknecht Jessica , Schulz Elke , Vemula Venukumar , Schmidt Jana , Henning Gabi , Rose Jackie 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLong-term agricultural management alters soil organic matter, nutrient status, and potentially the decomposer community. We measured the abundance and activity of cellulose, chitin, and protease degrading bacteria, and total soil extra-cellular enzyme activity for cellulose (β-glucosidase), chitinase (N-acetyl-glucosaminidase), xylosidase, and phosphatase activity. By combining these methods, we could determine how bacterial decomposer abundance and function were altered by long-term management, and how the bacterial decomposer community relates to overall soil enzyme activity. We also measured microbial total fungal and bacterial biomass, soil organic carbon pools, and extractable nitrogen for supplementary comparisons. Soil samples were taken in June of 2010 from the Bad Lauchstädt field station’s Static Fertilization Experiment, under treatment for 108 years. Treatments include mineral (NPK) fertilizer (none or added at 140, 60, and 230 kg ha-1 yr-1) and manure addition (none, 20 T ha-1 2yr-1, and 30 T ha-1 2yr-1) in a full factorial experiment. We found that total cellulase activity and the abundance of cellulase degrading bacteria were higher in plots with manure addition. We observed the same pattern for total phosphatase activity, total chitinase activity, and the abundance of chitin degrading bacteria, although the trend was not statistically significant for total chitinase activity. These results suggest that long-term management does alter decomposition and that total soil enzyme activity reflects the abundance of decomposer bacteria.
First Report of Fruit Rot on Plum Caused by Monilinia fructicola at Alcalá del Río (Seville), Southwestern Spain
Authors: Arroyo F. T. , Camacho M. , Daza A. 
Published: January 2012

Monilinia fructicola, causal agent of brown rot, is one of the most important fungal pathogens of stone fruit. In the summer of 2011, Japanese plum fruit of ‘Larry Ann’ (Prunus salicina Lindl) showing symptoms of fruit rot disease were detected and collected from trees in an experimental field at Alcalá del Río (Seville), southwestern Spain. Fruit rot lesions were brown, sunken, and covered with grayish brown tufts or pustules. The majority of infected fruit became dry and mummified on the trees after 30 days. Symptoms were similar to those caused by three Monilinia species, M. laxa, M. fructigena, and M. fructicola (2). Pieces of infected tissue, previously disinfested in 0.6% NaOCl, were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 50 μg of streptomycin per liter and incubated at 22°C with a 12-h photoperiod for 15 days. The isolates produced abundant, grayish white mycelium, which after sporulation became hazel in color, and colonies displayed concentric rings. Colonies produced scarce conidia, which were arranged in branched, monilioid chains. Conidia were one celled, hyaline, ellipsoid to lemon shaped, and measured 15.42 ± 1.91 × 8.02 ± 0.9 μm. The morphological data and growth rates match the description of M. fructicola (Winter) Honey (2–4). Fungal identification was confirmed by PCR using genomic DNA extracted from the mycelia of pure cultures. The DNA was amplified with a common reverse primer and three specific forward primers obtained from a sequence-characterized, amplified region that distinguishes between M. fructicola, M. fructigena, and M. laxa. The size of the amplified fragment (a product of 535 bp) fit with the one described for M. fructicola (2). To confirm the pathogenicity of the isolate, mature ‘Larry Ann’ and ‘Sungold’ plum fruits (six fruits per cultivar) were inoculated by placing an agar plug from the edge of an actively growing colony on PDA directly on the fruit surface. After 5 days of incubation, typical brown rot symptoms developed on inoculated fruit and the fungus was successfully reisolated, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. No symptoms appeared on control fruit. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. fructicola on plums in southwestern Spain. M. fructicola is a quarantined pathogen in Europe and has been reported on imported apricot and nectarine (1) and peach in several European countries (3,4). References: (1) E. Bosshard et al. Plant Dis. 90:1554, 2006. (2) M. J. Côté. Plant Dis. 88:1219, 2004. (3) A. De Cal and I. Gell. Plant Dis. 93:763, 2009. (4). C. Pellegrino et al. Plant Dis. 93:668, 2009.
The Large Hadron Collider: lessons learned and summary
Authors: Llewellyn Smith Chris 
Published: January 2012

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) machine and detectors are now working superbly. There are good reasons to hope and expect that the new domain that the LHC is already exploring, operating at 7 TeV with a luminosity of 10
33
cm
−2
s
−1
, or the much bigger domain that will be opened up as the luminosity increases to over 10
34
and the energy to 14 TeV, will provide clues that will usher in a new era in particle physics. The arguments that new phenomena will be found in the energy range that will be explored by the LHC have become stronger since they were first seriously analysed in 1984, although their essence has changed little. I will review the evolution of these arguments in a historical context, the development of the LHC project since 1984, and the outlook in the light of reports on the performance of the machine and detectors presented at this meeting.
Emerging roles for ubiquitin in adenovirus cell entry
Authors: Marvin Shauna A. , Wiethoff Christopher M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAdenovirus relies on numerous interactions between viral and host cell proteins to efficiently enter cells. Undoubtedly, post‐translational modifications of host and cellular proteins can impact the efficiency of this cell entry process. Ubiquitylation, once simply thought of as a modification targeting proteins for proteasomal degradation, is now known to regulate protein trafficking within cells, protein–protein interactions and cell signalling pathways. Accumulating evidence suggests that protein ubiquitylation can influence all stages of the life cycle of other viruses such as cell entry, replication and egress. Until recently, the influence of ubiquitylation has only been documented during adenovirus replication. This review highlights the most recent evidence demonstrating direct engagement of host ubiquitylation and SUMOylation machinery by adenovirus during cell entry. Additionally, potential roles for host protein ubiquitylation and the potential for adenovirus regulation of host ubiquitylation machinery during cell entry are discussed.