bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity conservation in dynamic landscapes: trade‐offs between number, connectivity and turnover of habitat patches
Authors: Johst Karin , Drechsler Martin , van Teeffelen Astrid J. A. , Hartig Florian , Vos Claire C. , Wissel Silvia , Wätzold Frank , Opdam Paul 
Published: May 2011

Summary1. Many species are adapted to landscapes with characteristic dynamics generated by ongoing habitat destruction and creation. Climate change and human land use, however, may change the dynamics of these landscapes. Studies have repeatedly shown that many species are not able to cope with such changes in landscape dynamics. Conservation policies must, therefore, explicitly address this threat. The way in which management should be modified when formerly static landscapes become dynamic or when landscape dynamics change is unclear.2. Using an analytical formula for the rapid assessment of metapopulation lifetime in dynamic landscapes, we investigate if and how changes in one landscape attribute may be compensated by changes in another attribute to maintain species viability. We study such trade‐offs considering both spatial (number, connectivity of patches) and temporal (patch destruction and creation rates) landscape attributes.3. We show that increasing patch destruction can be compensated to a certain extent by improvements in other spatial and/or temporal landscape attributes. Focusing on trade‐offs between management options reveals two key factors essential for management decisions: First, the trade‐offs are generally nonlinear irrespective of considering spatial or temporal landscape attributes. Secondly, species can be grouped according to their response to particular management options.4. Synthesis and applications.We demonstrate the usefulness of an analytical formula for calculating trade‐offs between landscape attributes for a variety of landscapes and species. Two practical and robust management recommendations can be derived: (i) The nonlinearity of trade‐offs implies that the effectiveness of conservation measures depends explicitly on the current level of landscape attributes. It must, therefore, be taken into account in conservation decision making. In particular, the existing level of patch turnover is decisive: if it is already high, improvements in other landscape attributes are ineffective in maintaining species viability. Thus, monitoring the current level of landscape attributes is indispensable for effective biodiversity conservation. (ii) Compensation of increased patch destruction by increased patch creation is only suitable for species with high dispersal propensity adapted to variable environments (aside from habitat patch turnover). This implies that conservation policies which rely on such compensation, like offsetting and conservation banking, are feasible only for this type of species.
Optimizing invasive species control across space: willow invasion management in the Australian Alps
Authors: Giljohann Katherine M. , Hauser Cindy E. , Williams Nicholas S. G. , Moore Joslin L. 
Published: May 2011

Summary1. A key problem facing invasive species management is how best to allocate surveillance and control effort. Models of the establishment and spread of invasive species are widely used to predict species’ occurrence across space and inform resource prioritization. However, the way they should be used to direct control effort is less clear. Managers could exhaustively search and treat the few highest priority locations or apply less thorough effort more broadly. The choice between these options is a question of balancing resources to maximize local success while minimizing further spread.2. We link a spatial model predicting the likelihood of occurrence with a decision model to efficiently allocate human resources to control the weed Salix cinerea in south‐eastern Australia. Using data collected during an ongoing control programme, we construct a species distribution model, empirically estimate control effectiveness and perform a budget‐constrained optimization that identifies priority regions for control.3. Two alternative scenarios were explored against two seasonal budgets: control is equally valued in all areas or control is doubly valuable in conservation areas.4. Optimal control effort per site varied according to the likelihood of occurrence and site‐specific benefits of control. Prioritizing conservation areas led to a reduction in area treated because of greater allocation of control effort.5. Quantifying control effectiveness was critical for realistically allocating control effort. Targeting obvious individuals and then moving to new sites was more cost‐effective than attempting to control every individual at a high‐priority site.6. Synthesis and applications. We have developed a method to identify priority locations for invasive species control across a landscape. By integrating a decision model with an empirical distribution model, our method offers a better management outcome by maximizing the efficiency of control efforts. It identifies where and how much control effort should be allocated for maximum effect within a season. Effort is expressed as control staff time spent per site with the allocation readily visualized as a map. In general, a strategy of visiting sites where the species is most likely to occur and exerting a moderate amount of effort at these sites is most efficient.
Aberrant protein N‐glycosylation impacts upon infection‐related growth transitions of the haploid plant‐pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola
Authors: Motteram Juliet , Lovegrove Alison , Pirie Elizabeth , Marsh Justin , Devonshire Jean , van de Meene Allison , Hammond‐Kosack Kim , Rudd Jason J. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThe ascomycete fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola is the causal agent of Septoria Tritici Blotch disease of wheat and can grow as yeast‐like cells or as hyphae depending on environmental conditions. Hyphal growth is however essential for successful leaf infection. A T‐DNA mutagenesis screen performed on haploid spores identified a mutant, which can undergo yeast‐like growth but cannot switch to hyphal growth. For this reason the mutant was non‐pathogenic towards wheat leaves. The gene affected, MgAlg2, encoded a homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ScAlg2, an alpha‐1,2‐mannosyltransferase, which functions in the early stages of asparagine‐linked protein (N‐) glycosylation. Targeted gene deletion and complementation experiments confirmed that loss of MgAlg2 function prevented the developmental growth switch. MgAlg2 was able to functionally complement the S. cerevisiae ScAlg2‐1 temperature sensitive growth phenotype. Spores of ΔMgAlg2 mutants were hypersensitive to the cell wall disrupting agent Calcofluor white and produced abnormally hypo‐N‐glycosylated proteins. Gene expression, proteome and glycoproteome analysis revealed that ΔMgAlg2 mutant spores show responses typically associated with the accumulation of mis‐folded proteins. The data presented highlight key roles for protein N‐glycosylation in regulating the switch to hyphal growth, possibly as a consequence of maintaining correct folding and localization of key proteins involved in this process.
Exome sequencing in a family segregating for celiac disease
Authors: Szperl AM , Ricaño‐Ponce I , Li JK , Deelen P , Kanterakis A , Plagnol V , van Dijk F , Westra HJ , Trynka G , Mulder CJ , Swertz M , Wijmenga C , Zheng H Ch 
Published: May 2011

Szperl AM, Ricaño‐Ponce I, Li JK, Deelen P, Kanterakis A, Plagnol V, van Dijk F, Westra HJ, Trynka G, Mulder CJ, Swertz M, Wijmenga C, Zheng H Ch. Exome sequencing in a family segregating for celiac disease.Celiac disease is a multifactorial disorder caused by an unknown number of genetic factors interacting with an environmental factor. Hence, most patients are singletons and large families segregating with celiac disease are rare. We report on a three‐generation family with six patients in which the inheritance pattern is consistent with an autosomal dominant model. To date, 27 loci explain up to 40% of the heritable disease risk. We hypothesized that part of the missing heritability is because of low frequency or rare variants. Such causal variants could be more prominent in multigeneration families where private mutations might co‐segregate with the disease. They can be identified by linkage analysis combined with whole exome sequencing. We found three linkage regions on 4q32.3‐4q33, 8q24.13‐8q24.21 and 10q23.1‐10q23.32 that segregate with celiac disease in this family. We performed exome sequencing on two affected individuals to investigate the positional candidate regions and the remaining exome for causal nonsense variants. We identified 12 nonsense mutations with a low frequency (minor allele frequency <10%) present in both individuals, but none mapped to the linkage regions. Two variants in the CSAG1 and KRT37 genes were present in all six affected individuals. Two nonsense variants in the MADD and GBGT1 genes were also present in 5 of 6 and 4 of 6 individuals, respectively; future studies should determine if any of these nonsense variants is causally related to celiac disease.
Exome sequencing and the genetics of intellectual disability
Authors: Topper S , Ober C , Das S 
Published: May 2011

Topper S, Ober C, Das S. Exome sequencing and the genetics of intellectual disability.Exome sequencing has greatly impacted the speed at which new disease genes are identified. In the last year alone, six studies have used exome sequencing to identify new genes involved in intellectual disability, a genetically heterogeneous condition affecting 1–3% of the population. These studies encompass the full gamut of modes of inheritance and phenotypic presentation, including syndromic and non‐syndromic conditions, sporadic and familial cases, and dominant and recessive inheritance patterns. Because different disease presentations require different approaches to gene discovery, studies of intellectual disability provide a nearly comprehensive showcase of strategies for exome‐driven gene discovery. Despite these successes, the etiology of ∼60% of cases of intellectual disability remains unknown. The application of exome sequencing to the clinical diagnosis of intellectual disability in the near future will ultimately reduce the number of idiopathic cases and provide a rich source of sequence variation for the identification of new intellectual disability genes.
Hormonal control of endoreduplication in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seedlings growing in vitro
Authors: Lukaszewska E. , Virden R. , Sliwinska E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe effect on endoreduplication in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seedlings of five plant hormones in MS medium, ethylene, 24‐epibrassinolide (EBR), gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin and 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), as well as a combination of kinetin and NAA at two different concentrations, was studied using flow cytometry. Analyses of DNA content in nuclei of the root, hypocotyl and cotyledons of seedlings growing in vitro were performed during their early development, starting from when the root was 0.5–1.0 cm long until expansion of the first pair of leaves. The proportions of nuclei with different DNA contents were established and the mean C‐value calculated. The presence of exogenous plant hormones changed endoreduplication intensity, although to different extents, depending on the organ and developmental stage. Ethylene and NAA stimulated the process, while EBR and kinetin suppressed it and GA did not clearly affect it.
Generalized flare of pustular psoriasis induced by PEGylated interferon‐α2b therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Wu Meng‐Chi , Lee J Yu‐Yun 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTNew onset or exacerbation of psoriasis vulgaris has been reported in a small number of patients after interferon (IFN)‐α therapy. Herein, we report a case of generalized flare of pustular psoriasis induced by PEGylated IFN‐α2b (PEG‐IFN‐α2b) in a 59‐year‐old woman with a 15‐year history of pustular psoriasis and chronic hepatitis C. Interferon‐α therapy was discontinued and the rash resolved after treatment with cyclosporin and systemic methylprednisolone. The potential side effect of PEG‐IFN‐α2b in inducing or exacerbating psoriasis should be kept in mind when treating patients with a history of psoriasis or pustular psoriasis.
Drug‐induced dermatomyositis after zoledronic acid
Authors: Tong Philip L , Yu Lawrence L , Chan Jonathan J 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTA 57‐year‐old woman with prior exposure to bisphosphonates developed myalgia, proximal muscle weakness and lichenoid rash over the upper extremities and face 3 days after infusion of zoledronic acid for the management of osteoporosis. The diagnosis of dermatomyositis was made on the basis of clinical, laboratory and histological findings. This is the first report of drug‐induced dermatomyositis secondary to zoledronic acid.
Hydroxyurea induced dermatomyositis‐like eruption
Authors: Zappala Tania M , Rodins Karl , Muir James 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTMedication‐induced dermatomyositis (DM) is rare, but a recent review highlighted hydroxyurea (HU) as the most common inciting agent. To aid diagnosis, HU‐induced DM‐like eruption (HU DM‐LE) forms a distinct dermopathy where the typical cutaneous features of DM are without systemic involvement and co‐exist with other HU‐induced cutaneous findings such as severe xerosis, atrophy, stomatitis, cutaneous and mucosal ulceration and melanonychia. On cessation of HU the DM‐LE clears avoiding unnecessary immunosuppression and demonstrating the importance of consideration of medication aetiology in DM presentations. We present a case report and review of the literature.
Decision‐Making Theories and their usefulness to the midwifery profession both in terms of midwifery practice and the education of midwives
Authors: Jefford Elaine , Fahy Kathleen , Sundin Deborah 
Published: May 2011

Jefford E, Fahy K, Sundin D. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 246–253Decision‐Making Theories and their usefulness to the midwifery profession both in terms of midwifery practice and the education of midwivesWhat are the strengths and limitations of existing Decision‐Making Theories as a basis for guiding best practice clinical decision‐making within a framework of midwifery philosophy?Each theory is compared in relation with how well they provide a teachable framework for midwifery clinical reasoning that is consistent with midwifery philosophy. Hypothetico‐Deductive Theory, from which medical clinical reasoning is based; intuitive decision‐making; Dual Processing Theory; The International Confederation of Midwives Clinical Decision‐Making Framework; Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council Midwifery Practice Decisions Flowchart and Midwifery Practice.Best practice midwifery clinical Decision‐Making Theory needs to give guidance about: (i) effective use of cognitive reasoning processes; (ii) how to include contextual and emotional factors; (iii) how to include the interests of the baby as an integral part of the woman; (iv) decision‐making in partnership with woman; and (v) how to recognize/respond to clinical situations outside the midwife's legal/personal scope of practice. No existing Decision‐Making Theory meets the needs of midwifery. Medical clinical reasoning has a good contribution to make in terms of cognitive reasoning processes. Two limitations of medical clinical reasoning are its reductionistic focus and privileging of reason to the exclusion of emotional and contextual factors.Hypothetico‐deductive clinical reasoning is a necessary but insufficient condition for best practice clinical decision‐making in midwifery.
The effectiveness of an exercise programme for elders with dementia in a Taiwanese day‐care centre
Authors: Chang Su‐Hsien , Chen Chao‐Yi , Shen Shu‐Hua , Chiou Jhao‐Hua 
Published: May 2011

Chang S‐H, Chen C‐Y, Shen S‐H, Chiou J‐H. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 213–220The effectiveness of an exercise programme for elders with dementia in a Taiwanese day‐care centreThe purpose was to examine the effectiveness of an exercise programme for elders with dementia in Taiwan aimed to maintain their activities of daily living such as feeding, dressing, grooming, washing and toileting. This was a single study group, repeated measure research design. Twenty‐six dementia elders were recruited from a day‐care centre located in southern Taiwan. Caregivers of the day‐care centre provided all subjects an exercise programme. The exercise programme consisted of stretching and walking five times per week, and leg‐weight bearing at least three times per week for 20–30 min each. The data were obtained three times (baseline, 2 months post intervention and 4 months post intervention). Results showed slight changes in the scores of one‐leg‐standing, 30 s chair rise, functional reach and get up and go test but were not statistically significant. Results also indicated that scores in the performance of activities of daily living were significantly higher than at baseline and at 4 months post intervention. In conclusion, this study provides information for dementia day‐care centres in Taiwan about how elders with dementia can maintain physical fitness and perform activities of daily living.
The developing role of Transition to Practice programs for newly graduated mental health nurses
Authors: Procter Nicholas , Beutel Jenny , Deuter Kate , Curren David , de Crespigny Charlotte , Simon Magda 
Published: May 2011

Procter N, Beutel J, Deuter K, Curren D, de Crespigny C, Simon M. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 254–261The developing role of Transition to Practice programs for newly graduated mental health nursesA number of significant challenges face graduate mental health nurses entering the workforce. In response, Transition to Practice programs have been promoted as a potential strategy for improving recruitment and retention within the mental health system. This review explores the experience of transition for mental health nurse graduates and identifies key aspects of Transition to Practice programs that facilitate the transition to practising professional. A comprehensive review of qualitative research, which sought to provide insight into the experience of transition for graduate mental health nurses, was conducted. Nine studies were identified through a search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, PsychArticles, Psychology, AMED, EMBASE and Health Source: Nursing/academic edition. Findings showed a disparity between undergraduate perceptions of the mental health nurse role and what is actually observed during placement, highlighting the need for the positive contribution of preceptors and mentors within a transitional support model for newly graduated mental health nurses.
Nurses' knowledge of prevention and management of pressure ulcer at a Health Insurance Hospital in Alexandria
Authors: El Enein Nagwa Younes Abou , Zaghloul Ashraf Ahmad 
Published: May 2011

El Enein NYA, Zaghloul AA. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 262–268Nurses' knowledge of prevention and management of pressure ulcer at a Health Insurance Hospital in AlexandriaNurses' knowledge of pressure ulcer prediction, prevention and management plays a very important role in the incidence and prevalence of pressure ulcers in health‐care systems. The aim of the current study was to assess the nurse's knowledge about prevention and management of pressure ulcer at one of the largest health insurance hospitals in Alexandria. A descriptive cross‐sectional study using an interview questionnaire format to assess the nurses' knowledge (n = 122) regarding prevention of pressure ulcers. The overall mean per cent score for nurses was below the minimum acceptable level. The mean per cent score for nurses was below 70% for nine measures of the 15 correct measures, which accounted for 60% of the measures of pressure ulcer prevention. Correct answers for non‐useful measures for preventing pressure ulcers accounted for 66% of the non‐useful measures on the questionnaire. It had been concluded that the nurses' knowledge regarding pressure ulcer prevention is below the acceptable levels.
Retracted: The nursing rounds system: Effect of patient's call light use, bed sores, fall and satisfaction level
Authors: Saleh Bassem S , Nusair Hussam , AL Zubadi Nariman , Al Shloul Shams , Saleh Usama 
Published: May 2011

Retraction: The following article from the International Journal of Nursing Practice, “The nursing rounds system: Effect of patient's call light use, bed sores, fall and satisfaction level” by Saleh BS, Nusair H, Zubadi NAL, Al Shloul S, Saleh U., first published online on the 24th of May 2011 on Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinlibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal's Editor in Chief, Alan Pearson, and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to inappropriate overlap with previously published work: Meade, C., Bursell, A., and Ketelsen, L. (2006) Effects of Nursing Rounds on Patients’ Call Light Use, Satisfaction, and Safety. Am J Nurs. 106(9):58‐70.ReferenceSaleh BS, Nusair H, Zubadi NAL, Al Shloul S, Saleh U. 2011. “The nursing rounds system: Effect of patient's call light use, bed sores, fall and satisfaction level”. International Journal of Nursing Practice. 17: 299‐303. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440‐172X.2011.01938.x
Communication barriers to patient education in cardiac inpatient care: A qualitative study of multiple perspectives
Authors: Farahani Mansoureh A , Sahragard Roghiyeh , Carroll Jennifer K , Mohammadi Eesa 
Published: May 2011

Farahani MA, Sahragard R, Carroll JK, Mohammadi E. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 322–328Communication barriers to patient education in cardiac inpatient care: A qualitative study of multiple perspectivesGrowing evidence in a variety of health‐care settings supports the need to strengthen nurse–physician communication and interprofessional collaboration to optimize patient‐health outcomes. The objective of this study is to explore communication barriers from the perspective of nurses themselves, as well as physicians, patients and families in a hospital‐based cardiac care setting. Qualitative analysis of individual interviews with 35 participants was taken in two hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Interview questions asked about experiences with patient education and communication barriers among physicians, nurses and patients. The three major themes identified were: (i) lack of collegiality and communication between nurses and physicians; (ii) problematic communication between the health‐care team, patients and their families; and (iii) cultural challenges. Findings from this study support the need for health‐care organizations to be more collaborative and inclusive of nursing professionals.