bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do demographic characteristics influence the financial literacy of microentrepreneurs?
Authors: Goyal Manisha , Aggarwal Renu , Bhagat Savita 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFinancial literacy is crucial to the growth and development of any enterprise. This study investigates the impact of microentrepreneurs’ demographic characteristics on financial literacy by breaking it down into three components: financial knowledge, financial behavior, and financial attitude. The study data were collected from 132 microentrepreneurs through a survey questionnaire using a snowball sampling technique. An ordinary least square regression was used to analyze how entrepreneurs’ demographic characteristics are related to financial knowledge, financial behavior, financial attitude, and financial literacy. The study revealed that being male, having higher education and more experience, and operating in urban areas have a significant impact on financial literacy and its three components. However, age was found to have no significant impact on financial literacy. This study will help in designing targeted strategies and specialized programs for entrepreneurs looking at the significant impact of their diverse characteristics on financial literacy.
Results of a social support programme to provide treatment and improve health related quality of life in refugees and homeless people
Authors: Sammain Adel , Borghi Marco , Morrone Aldo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, European and especially Italian healthcare systems are being challenged with providing medical care to an increasing number of refugees but also to the homeless living on the streets, in reception facilities or cohabitation. In 2022, over 200,000 irregular arrivals of migrants to Europe were recorded, coming from mainly African and also Asian countries and frequently via Mediterranean migration routes.ObjectivesThis study aims to report the results of a social support programme to provide treatment and improve health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) in refugees and homeless people.MethodsObservational study during the year 2022, including patients with an immigration background visiting the Clinica dell'Istituto di S. Maria e S. Gallicano di Roma, Italy (IRCCS), or being homeless during this observational study.ResultsWe have seen 210 patients. In 177 cases (84.3%), a definitive diagnosis is known. Most frequent skin conditions were infectious, allergic or due to secondary inflammation. We also saw rare cutaneous conditions like Madelung disease or Darier disease.ConclusionsWe provided dermatological consultation and treatment to this very vulnerable population, and our experience shows that this social support programme to enable access to dermatological consultation for the poor was able to improve not only the clinical condition but also the HrQoL 4 weeks after consultation and beginning of treatment.
Chemoinformatic regression methods and their applicability domain
Authors: Dutschmann Thomas‐Martin , Schlenker Valerie , Baumann Knut 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe growing interest in chemoinformatic model uncertainty calls for a summary of the most widely used regression techniques and how to estimate their reliability. Regression models learn a mapping from the space of explanatory variables to the space of continuous output values. Among other limitations, the predictive performance of the model is restricted by the training data used for model fitting. Identification of unusual objects by outlier detection methods can improve model performance. Additionally, proper model evaluation necessitates defining the limitations of the model, often called the applicability domain. Comparable to certain classifiers, some regression techniques come with built‐in methods or augmentations to quantify their (un)certainty, while others rely on generic procedures. The theoretical background of their working principles and how to deduce specific and general definitions for their domain of applicability shall be explained.
A dual‐resonance enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensor based on a fiber optic cantilever beam microphone and a spherical photoacoustic cell
Authors: Zhu Yongle , Guan Yuchen , Jiang Xu , Wu Guojie , Gong Zhenfeng , Wang Xiaona , Tao Pengcheng , Peng Wei , Yu Qingxu , Mei Liang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe propose a novel high‐performance dual‐resonance enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (DRE‐PAS) gas sensor based on a highly sensitive fiber optic cantilever beam microphone and a high‐Q spherical photoacoustic cell (PAC). The first‐order resonant frequency (FORF) of the spherical PAC is analyzed by finite element analysis to match the FORF of the cantilever microphone for the double resonance enhancement of the photoacoustic signal. The photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) system, including the DRE‐PAS sensor, a 1532.8 nm distributed feedback laser, and a high‐speed spectrometer, has been successfully exploited for trace acetylene (C2H2) detection. The experimental results show that the limit of detection (LOD) is 106.8 parts‐per‐billion (ppb) with an integral time of 1 s, and the LOD can be further reduced to 11.03 ppb by Allan‐Werle deviation for 100 s integral time. The normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient can be obtained as 2.44 × 10−8 cm−1 WHz−1/2. The reported DRE‐PAS gas sensor has the superior characteristics of photoacoustic signal enhancement, high sensitivity, and strong antielectromagnetic interference capability, which can provide a new solution for PAS development.
Understanding the dynamics of Civil Society Organization responses in the cross‐sector collaboration process with a government partner: A typology from a grounded theory approach
Authors: Min Byung Hee , An Seongho , Ki Namhoon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study, which uses grounded theory procedures, explores the dynamic aspects of the Civil Society Organization (CSO)‐government collaboration process by considering the case of South Korea's Seoul Community Development Initiatives program. Through multisite case studies involving 31 in‐depth interviews, we identified six different patterns of how CSOs define their roles within cross‐sectoral collaboration processes which are shaped by various configurations of the respective levels of government involvement and CSOs' community engagement. Our findings suggest that strong CSO leadership, previous collaboration experience, and proactive community involvement by the CSOs all play vital roles in fostering desirable outcomes for CSOs' cross‐sectoral collaboration across the six patterns.
Community stewardship to protect coastal and freshwater ecosystems–pathways between recreation and stewardship intentions
Authors: Dean Angela J. , Uebel Konrad , Schultz Tracy , Fielding Kelly S. , Saeck Emily , Ross Helen , Martin Victoria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Strengthening community engagement in stewardship can help to improve management of coastal and freshwater environments (blue spaces). Research suggests that recreational users of natural areas may be more willing to engage in stewardship. However, little research at a population scale has examine how recreation experiences shape psychological ingredients for stewardship.

We surveyed 3271 residents of South East Queensland, Australia and quantified willingness to engage in blue space stewardship. We then quantified frequency of different types of blue space recreation, perceptions about threats to blue spaces (threat appraisal) and protective actions (coping appraisal), and satisfaction with blue spaces. We then examined pathways from recreation to stewardship intentions using mediation analysis.

Results show that many types of recreation were associated with stewardship intentions. Specifically, higher frequency of social activities and nature‐appreciation activities were associated with greater intentions for individual stewardship (e.g. picking up litter, reducing use of household chemicals). Higher frequency of social activities, nature appreciation, exercise and fishing/boating was associated with stronger intentions for collective stewardship (e.g. attending a public meeting or riparian management event)

Mediation analysis showed that most forms of recreation did not influence perceptions about severity of threats to blue spaces. Rather, the relationships between recreation and stewardship were mediated by greater place satisfaction, perceived vulnerability to blue space degradation, and feeling more able to contribute to waterway protection (efficacy).

These findings indicate that many types of recreation (not just nature appreciation activities) can be a foundation for engaging in nature stewardship, and reinforce the importance of building efficacy when promoting stewardship. The finding that both place satisfaction and perceived vulnerability to environmental degradation suggests that there may be an optimal motivational window for stewardship: people need to connect a place with positive experiences, and have some recognition of a potential threat, but where the potential threat has not yet eroded the natural values of a place.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Comparison of damage mechanisms in chopped strand mat and woven roving mat composites under cyclic tension
Authors: Hiremath Mritunjay M. , Bernthaler Timo , Anger Pascal , Mishra Sushil K. , Guha Anirban , Tewari Asim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites with chopped strand mat (CSM) and woven roving mat (WRM) reinforcements are widely used in high‐pressure piping due to their favorable strength‐to‐weight ratio. However, cyclic loading from vibrations and pulsating forces can induce internal microstructural damage, ultimately leading to performance degradation. A thorough understanding of this damage mechanism is imperative for its mitigation, necessitating a detailed examination. The present study aims to investigate the fatigue response and damage mechanisms in CSM and WRM composites subjected to tension‐tension cyclic loading. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of edge sections revealed the development of perpendicular microcracks in both composites. CSM composites exhibited fatigue cracks parallel to the loading direction and higher levels of parallel interface debonding compared to perpendicular matrix cracks. Finite element analysis of the representative volume element revealed the role of shear stress in the matrix in initiating parallel cracks, thereby explaining the damage initiation mechanism in CSM. These findings highlight the distinct damage mechanisms arising from the differing fiber arrangements in CSM and WRM composites, providing valuable insights for optimizing their performance under cyclic loading conditions.Highlights
Fatigue response of CSM and WRM was influenced by fiber orientation and weaving pattern.
Perpendicular fibers were the most probable fibers to have their interface form a crack.
Fatigue cracks parallel to the direction of loading were observed in CSM composites.
Quantified the true 3D internal microstructural damages for the first time.
Is there an increased risk of genetic abnormalities in fetuses with congenital heart disease in the setting of growth restriction?
Authors: Gianforcaro Kathleen , Pilchman Lisa , Conway Laura , Moldenhauer Julie S. , Rychik Jack , Soni Shelly 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if the presence of fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with an increased risk of genetic abnormalities in the setting of congenital heart disease (CHD).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study involving pregnancies that met the following criteria: (i) prenatal diagnosis of CHD, (ii) singleton live‐birth, and (iii) genetic testing was performed either pre‐ or postnatally. Genetic results were reviewed by a clinical geneticist for updated variant classification. Fetal growth was stratified as appropriate for gestational age (AGA) or FGR.ResultsOf the total of 445 fetuses that met the study criteria, 325 (73.0%) were AGA and 120 (27.0%) were FGR. Genetic abnormalities were detected in 131 (29.4%) pregnancies. There was a higher rate of genetic abnormalities (36.7% vs. 26.8%, p = 0.04), which was driven by aneuploidies (20.8% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.0006) in the FGR population. Early onset growth restriction was associated with a higher rate of genetic abnormalities (44.5% vs. 25.9%, p = 0.03). The rate of genetic abnormalities was significantly higher in the shunt category as compared to remainder of the cardiac anomalies (62.5% in shunt lesions vs. 24.7%, p < 0.00001). The rates of FGR (40.9% vs. 21.4%, p < 0.0001) and genetic abnormalities (52% vs. 20.4%, p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the presence of extra‐cardiac anomalies (ECA).ConclusionThe presence of FGR in fetal CHD population was associated with underlying genetic abnormalities, specifically aneuploidies. Patients should be appropriately counseled regarding the higher likelihood of a genetic condition in the presence of FGR, early onset FGR, shunt lesions and ECA.
Understanding dilution effects on particle‐containing pesticide droplets deposition on rice leaf via developing CFD‐VOF‐DPM model
Authors: Chaoxi Wang , Yubin Cao , Yunfu Chen , Lujiang Xu , Wei Qiu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPesticide dilution is one of the essential aspects of plant protection. However, the effect of dilution on the deposition characteristics of pesticide droplets containing particulate additives on crop leaf surfaces remains unclear and warrants further research. Herein, a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐volume of fluid (VOF)‐discrete phase model (DPM) numerical model was developed to analyze the influence of particle content on the deposition behavior of droplets on the leaf surface comparatively, taking into account the particle content of different diluted thifluzamide solutions. Additionally, the study aimed to analyze further the kinetic behavior of pesticide droplets landing on rice leaves across different dilution conditions.RESULTSPesticide droplets diluted 100‐fold had a lower retraction rate during spreading than particle‐free droplets, so the solution is more easily deposited in the leaves. Moreover, the low dilution (high concentration) increased the critical adhesion rate between droplets and rice leaves, inhibiting the bouncing of droplets on the leaf surface, thus promoting their effective deposition on the surface. In addition, low dilution (high concentration) is not conducive to spreading droplets when the impact velocity is high, and it also results in a large amount of pesticide use.CONCLUSIONThe actual application process can be through understanding the dilution factor of the configured pesticide solution, and reasonable adjustment of the nozzle pressure can effectively improve the utilization rate of pesticides and reduce the pollution brought by pesticides to the environment. These results provide an essential reference for studying pesticide droplet deposition characteristics, including rice plant protection and spraying technology. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Performance reliability evaluation of high‐pressure internal gear pump
Authors: Tang Yu , Lu Hao , Zhu Zhencai , Shi Zhiyuan , Xu Beilian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the development of the high‐end equipment technology, the performance requirements of the internal gear pump (IGP) under high pressure are also increasing. However, the increase of working pressure will lead to the instability of gear pump performance in terms of volumetric efficiency, noise, reliability and so on, it is necessary to reasonably evaluate the reliability level of high‐pressure IGP. The reliability analysis of the high‐pressure IGP is carried out from the aspects of flow, noise, and gear strength in this paper. First, the output flow rate and far‐field flow‐induced noise of the high‐pressure IGP were obtained through fluid numerical simulation, and experimental verification was conducted. Then, based on the time‐varying meshing stiffness, backlash function and static transmission error of the gear pair, a nonlinear dynamic model of the internal meshing gear pair was established. The time‐varying meshing force was obtained through the dynamic model of the gear pair, and then the tooth contact stress and tooth root bending stress were obtained. Finally, considering the uncertain factors affecting the performance of the high‐pressure IGP, Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) combined with dendrite network (DD) was used for random response modeling. The performance reliability of the high‐pressure IGP, including output flow rate, far‐field flow‐induced noise, and the strength of gear pair, were estimated based on the fourth moment‐based saddlepoint approximation (FMSA). The reliability analysis results can provide a theoretical basis for the structural optimization design of the high‐pressure IGP.
Self‐triggered control for linear systems based on hierarchical reinforcement learning
Authors: Chen Wei , Wan Haiying , Luan Xiaoli , Liu Fei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this article, we propose a model‐free self‐triggered control approach for linear systems using a hierarchical policy framework. This framework splits the self‐triggered control approach into top and bottom‐level policies. The top‐level policy generates a triggering time interval based on an initial control strategy, while the bottom‐level policy creates a control inputs guided by the top‐level sub‐goal. This division ensures that both strategies have their own independent tasks and optimization goals, facilitating a model‐free iterative design process for self‐triggered control. The present structure integrates with a dual‐Actor Critic algorithm, utilizing two interconnected neural networks to approximate control and trigger policies. It reflects the framework of hierarchical reinforcement learning, wherein top‐level policies guide bottom‐level decision‐making. It fosters the model‐free design of self‐triggered controller, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the learning process. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we conduct a series of numerical simulations.
Sliding mode control for T‐S fuzzy systems under WTOD protocol and injection attacks
Authors: Wu Yibang , Niu Yugang , Yang Yekai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article deals with the security sliding mode control (SMC) issue for T‐S fuzzy systems under random injection attacks. As a way to increase the communication efficiency of network control systems, the weighted try‐once‐discard (WTOD) protocol is utilized to decide whether the sensor nodes transmit or not. A compensating strategy is introduced in this controller side, based on which a fuzzy sliding mode controller depending on the scheduling signal is constructed. Then, the reachability of the given sliding surface together with the stochastic stability of the closed‐loop system are analyzed by incorporating the membership function, and the relaxed stability conditions are derived. Moreover, a GA‐based solving algorithm is proposed to search an optimized sliding matrix and improve the SMC performance. Finally, numerical simulation results are provided to verify the proposed SMC strategy.
Resilience and sustainability: Engineering solutions in disaster‐affected real estate markets
Authors: Shen Shuli 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNatural disasters such as cyclones, earthquakes, floods, wildfires, and so on, have a profound influence on real estate. It often results in fluctuations in property values, demand dynamics, and development patterns within affected regions. Reconstruction efforts following natural disasters are critical for restoring property values in affected areas. This study aims to analyze the complex relationship between natural disasters and their effects on real estate trends and examines the role of engineering practices in post‐disaster reconstructions. The data for this investigation was gathered from 411 participants including disaster management experts, real estate professionals, and engineers, and SPSS was exploited to analyze it. The findings identified that natural disasters strongly affect the trends in the real estate market and lead to modifications in the values, demand, and development patterns of properties. The analysis reveals that the use of engineering practices in reconstruction efforts leads to improved structural resilience and long‐term sustainability in disaster‐affected real estate. The novelty of this study lies in the exploration of how natural disasters impact real estate trends and the innovative engineering practices employed in post‐disaster reconstructions, providing insight into crucial strategies for disaster‐resilient real estate development. The result identified that the use of engineering practices in reconstruction positively affects property demand as buyers seek resilient and safe real estate options. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that stringent government policies promote disaster‐resilient real estate development and reconstruction.
Links between the actors and mining activities related to the implementation of sustainable development principles
Authors: Fuentes Marcelo , Negrete Moira , Herrera‐León Sebastián , Kraslawski Andrzej 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe uninterrupted supply of raw materials is essential to implement low‐carbon technologies. Therefore, the sustainable extraction of these materials is crucial. One of its important aspects is the analysis of the interaction between the actors as well as the actions undertaken by them. This study explores the characteristics of the network of links between social actors and the supporting and inhibitory actions related to sustainable development that the mining industry and its possible implications with collaboration and conflict between actors. Our methodological approach consisted in building two bipartite networks based on actor‐action interaction, identified thanks to the literature review of sustainability initiatives of mining companies. Applying network analysis, we examine the structural characteristics of the networks and the strength of links between social actors. The results highlighted that “Government,” “Local society,” and “Indigenous peoples” have a critical position in the network of “Supporting” and “Inhibitory” actions. They are those who could articulate with other social actors to create collaborative processes in the implementation of actions that contribute to sustainable development by the mining industry. However, from the analysis of the structure of the network of “Inhibitory” actions, these three actors are the ones who could be relevant in the dynamics of the development of conflicts with the mining industry. This study presents, from the dual perspective (“Supporting” and “Inhibitory” actions), the characteristics of the systems of relationships between social actors and their possible implications for the design, as well as implementation of sustainable strategies in the mining sector.