bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Range Order Enhances Strength and Tensile Ductility in Nanocrystalline Silver with Intercalation of Amorphous Nickel Nanolayers
Authors: Sansoz Frederic , Pringle Malcolm , Oh Jin-Su , Zhou Lin , Ott Ryan , Liu Yushun , Zhu Guozhen , Deng Chuang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Silver, known for its high thermal and electrical conductivity, is an ideal metal for thin-film electrode applications. Because alloying can negatively affect conductivity, enhancing the strength and resistance to strain poses a tremendous challenge when applied to pure Ag films. Herein, in both experiments and atomistic simulations, we discover a nanoscale strengthening mechanism by intercalating ultrathin amorphous Ni-rich layers between pure nanocrystalline Ag films, resulting in the formation of a multilayered Ag and Ni-Ag alloy material with a stable grain size (22 nm) combining the highest hardness (2.6 GPa), tensile strength (677 MPa) and plastic elongation (6.6%) ever reported for this metal. The integration of amorphous Ni-Ag alloy nanolayers substantially improves the strain hardening behavior and extends the tensile ductility compared to standard crystalline Ag/Ni nanolaminates at an equivalent Ag layer thickness. This phenomenon results from strain-induced chemical short-range order within the amorphous Ni-Ag nanolayers during plastic deformation. The new nanoscale strengthening mechanism can be easily leveraged to develop nanocrystalline films with exceptional mechanical and physical properties.
Determinants underlying delayed access to specialist consultations for breast cancer patients in Brazzaville in 2023.
Authors: WOROMOGO Sylvain Honore , Michel ILBOUDO ,   Nina Assanatou 2nd Twice ZERBO, DAGNAGNEWENDE Dieudonne KABORE , MBON Jean Bernard NKOUA 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is leading rang of incidence and mortality worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa it’s diagnosed belatedly in 70% of case. The purpose of this work is to study different aspects of patients with late diagnosis of breast cancer at the specialist in Congo.
Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study in the medical oncology service of the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Was be included all patient having a breast cancer histologically confirmed. Logistic regress was used for data analyze and the p value significant if ≤ 5%.
Results: One hundred and eighty-two patients were recorded. The mean age was 50.01 ± 11.30 years. Delays in consulting a specialist represented 84.07 % of cases including the incriminated factors were the lack of financial means 35.54%, socio-cultural habits 21.08%, and fear 18.67%. Delay in diagnosis was significantly associated with lack of finance (p = 0.011) and the number of stages greater than 2 (p <0.001). Multivariate analysis shows an association between diagnostic delays and a number of steps greater than 2 (p <0.001) and familial history of cancer.
Conclusion: More than three quarters of patients had delayed access to a specialist consultation. Factors mediated by the patient are mainly fear, lack of finance and socio-cultural habits. We also noted the concept of comorbidity, have been through more than 2 stages before the cancer centre and family history of cancer. So routine screening, the subsidy of care are all that will make it possible to remedy this scourge.
Analysis of Oil Accumulation Mechanisms in Plasma Induced Mutant Algae Strains Compared to Original Algae Strains
Authors: Wei Wenqian , Huang Feng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Scenedesmus sp. is a species of the Scenedesmus genus within the phylum Chlorophyta, commonly found as a planktonic algal species in freshwater and known for its rapid growth rate. This study employs room-temperature, atmospheric-pressure plasma mutagenesis for the breeding of Scenedesmus sp., utilizing transcriptomic analysis to investigate the biosynthesis mechanism of triglycerides. By examining the specific growth rate curve, relative fluorescence value, or the product of these two metrics, mutant strains T1 and T2 were identified. Differential transcriptomic expression confirmed that the mutant strain's photosynthesis has been enhanced, leading to improved light energy utilization and CO2 fixation, thereby providing more carbon storage and energy for biomass and lipid production. The intensification of glycolysis and the TCA cycle results in a greater shift in carbon flux towards lipid accumulation. An elevated expression level of related enzymes in starch and protein degradation pathways may enhance acetyl CoA accumulation, facilitating a larger substrate supply for fatty acid production and thereby increasing lipid yield.
Remnant cholesterol is independently associated with liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and rats
Authors: Li Ruifang , Liu Jie , Han Ping , Zhao Lili , Li Jia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Few studies have explored the relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, this study aims to explore the association between RC levels and liver fibrosis in both biopsy-proven NAFLD population and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.
Methods
This current study included 280 participants and 15 SD rats. For NAFLD population, all participants underwent liver biopsy and blood tests. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between RC and liver fibrosis and the diagnostic capability of RC was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. For NAFLD rats, pathological and hematological analysis were used to study the association between RC and liver fibrosis.
Results
In NAFLD population, RC remain significantly associated with liver fibrosis after confounding factors were adjusted (OR:1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–1.49, p < 0.001). In addition, RC and liver fibrosis were still significantly associated with liver fibrosis when triglycerides (TG) levels were less than 1.7 mmol/L (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03–1.56, p = 0.006), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were less than 3.4 mmol/L (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08–1.43, p < 0.001), or HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels were more than 1.0 mmol/L (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08–1.47, p < 0.001). In the NAFLD rats, rats with fibrosis exhibited higher RC levels (p < 0.001) and elevated RC was significantly correlated with liver fibrosis (r = 0.819, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Higher RC level is significantly correlated with liver fibrosis in the NAFLD population and rats.
Implementation of a targeted trap-neuter-return programme to manage the population of free- roaming cats (Felis silvestris catus) on Flores Island, Azores
Authors: Santos Raquel , Rois Ana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The negative impact posed by the uncontrolled growth of free-roaming cat populations, namely spread of diseases, public nuisance, and predation of wildlife, has prompted the development of ethical solutions to control cat populations. Science-based solutions such as Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) programmes are the most efficient way to humanely manage free-roaming cats populations. While Portugal has sporadically employed TNR initiatives, no formal evaluations of its effectiveness were performed. We report the implementation of a concerted and targeted TNR initiative to control free-roaming cats population. This large-scale study took place on Flores Island, Azores, where a survey was conducted across its eleven parishes to assess cat colonies location and population density. Free-roaming cats were captured and transported to the official animal collection center of Lajes das Flores, where they were weighted and screened for any potential contraindication surgery. After induction of anaesthesia, the veterinary surgeons assessed cats eligibility through clinical examination. Animal data was collected to record gender, weight, age, body condition score, presence of ectoparasites and endoparasites, respiratory and intestinal signs, skin, mouth and ocular lesions, pregnancy and lactation status and general health status.
Results
During this study, 751 targeted free-roaming cats were trapped, desexed and then returned to their original colonies. Previous to our intervention, Flores Island housed a population of approximately 981 free-roaming cats, with only 2.34% (23/981) being desexed. Following the extensive targeted TNR activities, the cat population decreased slightly to 961 individuals with 80.54% (774/961) having undergone spaying or neutering procedures. This achievement surpassed the threshold for successful TNR initiatives.
Conclusions
Our findings underscore the efficacy of targeted TNR programmes as a practical and valuable ethical solution to manage cat population growth. These results provide valuable insights and guidance for the large-scale implementation of similar initiatives on other regions grappling with free-roaming cat populations.
Alterations in surface-based amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations primary open-angle glaucoma link to neurotransmitter profiling and visual impairment severity
Authors: Chai Zihan , Yang Bingbing , Qu Xiaoxia , Li Ting , Wang Qian , Xian Junfang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The study aimed to examine alterations in surface-based amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), and to investigate their relationships with visual function and molecular profiling. A total of 70 POAG patients and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent rs-fMRI scans. The differences between POAG and HCs groups were compared by two-sample t-test. Correlation evaluated ALFF/fALFF values' relationship with ophthalmic parameters, and compared patient-control differences to uncover neurobiological mechanisms. POAG patients displayed altered brain activity compared to HCs, including decreased ALFF/fALFF in the visual network and increased in the frontoparietal and default mode networks. It exhibited reduced fALFF in the somatomotor network and increased ALFF in the dorsal and ventral attention networks, associated with neurotransmitter systems like dopamine, serotonin, amino acids, and acetylcholine. Moreover, the altered ALFF/fALFF in brain regions related to vision and attention. Surface-based ALFF/fALFF in POAG decreased in visual processing regions and increased in brain regions related to cognitive control, working memory, and attention. These changes were linked to neurotransmitter distributions important for emotional stability and mental health, potentially informing treatment approaches for POAG patients.
The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in Vascular Calcification in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Xie Haiying , Si Yuhe , Wang Xiaoling , Bao Guoxiang , Gong Shuwen , Shen Shuijuan , Wang Yanyan , Shan Juanping , Gong Tujian , Yang Yanru , Guan Jichao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
This research investigates the correlation between serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels and vascular calcification in individuals undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).
Methods
The study period spanned from January 2021 to August 2023, 220 patients receiving peritoneal dialysis at our hospital were selected as participants. FGF23 concentrations were determined through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and coronary multi-slice spiral computed tomography (CT) and upright abdominal X-ray examinations were conducted to evaluate calcification scores. The relationship between FGF23 levels and vascular calcification in PD patients was analyzed.
Results
FGF23 levels were significantly positively correlated with coronary artery calcification (CAC), abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP). When patients were stratified by coronary calcification scores, there was statistical difference in FGF23 levels between the mild-to-moderate calcification group and the non-calcification group, significant differences were observed between the mild-to-moderate calcification group and the severe calcification group, as well as between the non-calcification group and the severe calcification group. Similarly, significant differences in FGF23 levels were observed among groups stratified by abdominal aortic calcification scores, with FGF23 levels significantly increasing with the severity of calcification. The diagnostic efficacy of FGF23 levels in detecting coronary artery calcification was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, yielding a sensitivity of 61.35% and a specificity of 73.68%. Similarly, for abdominal aortic calcification, the ROC curve analysis revealed a sensitivity of 58.9% and a specificity of 69.57%.
Conclusion
The study concludes that serum FGF23 levels are linked to coronary artery calcification in PD patients and can be utilized as a supplementary indicator for diagnosing this condition.
Exposure behaviour to Escherichia Coli among households in Imvepi Refugee settlement, Terego district Uganda
Authors: Nalugya Aisha , Ssempebwa John C. , Muleme James , Wafula Solomon Tsebeni , Tamale Bridget Nagawa , Tigaiza Arnold , Nakalembe Doreen , Kansiime Winnifred K. , Isunju John Bosco , Ssekamatte Tonny , Mugambe Richard K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Exposure to Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a leading cause of diarrheal diseases, which pose a significant problem in refugee settlements. Refugee populations are exposed to feacal microorganisms through multiple pathways including sub-optimal sanitary facilities, contaminated drinking water, produce and food, flood water, bathing water, soil among others. While these pathways are well-documented, specific exposure behaviors remain underexplored. We assessed exposure behaviour to E. coli among households in Imvepi refugee settlement, Uganda, and provided evidence-based recommendations for the design of interventions to reduce excreta-related diseases.
Methods
Guided by the Sanitation Safety Planning approach, we surveyed 426 households in Imvepi refugee settlement, Uganda, using a digitized questionnaire and an observation checklist. We collected data on the background characteristics and exposure behaviour of women and emancipated girls (primary caretakers). The outcome variable, E. coli exposure behaviour, was measured using a five-point Likert scale, assessing behaviours that increase the risk of exposure. Data were cleaned in Microsoft Excel and analyzed in Stata version 17. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the data. We used modified Poisson regression to determine the factors associated with the outcome.
Results
Over 59.4% (253) exhibited high-risk exposure behaviour. Residing in compound homes (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (APR) = 0.78, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.62–0.97), having household heads with post-primary education, (APR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.36–0.78), high knowledge of exposure to E. coli (APR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.58–0.80), and high-risk perceptions regarding exposure to E. coli (APR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66–0.93) were associated with a lower prevalence of high-risk E. coli exposure behaviours. Conversely, relying on a surface water source (APR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.23–2.51) and having sanitary facilities with excreta overflowing from the squat hole (APR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.13–1.70) were associated with a higher prevalence of high-risk exposure behaviours.
Conclusion
The study indicates a high prevalence of high-risk E. coli exposure behaviour, implying an elevated risk of exposure. There's a need to implement interventions targeted at preventing or minimizing exposure, especially among households whose heads have low education attainment, those using surface water sources, and individuals with limited knowledge and risk perceptions regarding exposure to E. coli.
The Association Between Consuming Food Groups and Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Observational Study
Authors: Aziz Zhwan Talib Hama , Rahman Heshu Sulaiman , Salih Jamal Mahmoud , Ezzadin Shaho Abdulrehman , Algarawi Maha , Ibnaouf Khalid Hassan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: A comprehensive study is not available on Iraqi cancer patients to know which food/food groups are precisely associated with colorectal cancer (CRC).
Objectives: To determine the correlation between the type of frequently consumed food and the incidence of CRC among patients.
Methodology: This study used a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to collect data (91 cases and 103 controls), including sociodemographic data and the amount/type of food intake.
Results: Most patients (54.9%) were overweight, non-alcoholic consumers (95.6%), without physical activities (98.9%), and non-smokers (63.7%). Additionally, red meat, fried potatoes, sweet, artificial juice, refined carbohydrates, carbonated beverages, tea, solid/liquid oil, salt, sugar, and tomato pastes were significantly (p≤0.05) higher among patients than controls. At the same time, the consumption of fish, meat, legumes, eggs, nuts, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, whole grains, coffee, olive oil, vitamins and aspirin were significantly (p≤0.05) lower in cases. The consumption of calcium, alcohol, poultry/processed meat, boiled potato, jam, molasses, and sesame was almost similar among both groups.
Conclusions: The risk of CRC was increased by the consumption of some foods, especially red meat and sweet and fried potatoes, while some other foods, such as fish, olive oil, and coffee, could protect individuals from CRC.
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Factors among People Living with HIV in Eastern Uganda: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Richard Katuramu , Raymond Kihumuro Bernard , Winfred Nakawuki Ashely , Madut Akech Gabriel , Oreb Nankunda , Kintu Timothy , Nalunkuma Racheal , Nakandi Rachael Mukisa , Joshua Mugabi , Nicholas Twijukye , Marvin Kanyike Andrew 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
HIV patients have increased life expectancy due to access to antiretroviral therapy treatment. However, with increasing age comes an increased risk of non-communicable diseases, which include Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The prevalence of Type 2 DM (T2DM) among HIV patients and associated risk factors has not been extensively studied in the rural parts of Uganda. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among HIV-positive patients attending an HIV clinic in Eastern Uganda and its associated risk factors.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted at two healthcare facilities in Eastern Uganda between March 2023 and July 2023. All HIV Patients (18 years and older) on ART attending the HIV Clinic during the study period were given information on the study. Only those who consented to participate in the study were recruited using the Non-probability convenience sampling technique. Data were captured on the clinical history and socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics and analysed using descriptive statistics to determine T2DM prevalence. Additionally, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to examine factors associated with T2DM.
Results
We included 400 participants, the majority n = 261 (65.3%) being females. Majority were aged between 25 to 49 years, 206 (51.5%) with mean of 46.5 ± 12.4 years. Most of the participants, 351 (87.7%), had spent more than five years on ART, with the majority, 379 (94.7%), virally suppressed. Most participants were on the Dolutagravir-based ART regimen, 369 (92.2%). The prevalence of T2DM was 12.5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the factors associated with T2DM/HIV comorbidity age of 50 or more, being on a Protease-based ART regimen, family history of T2DM, and having a known HIV status of less than ten years, family history of hypertension and BMI > 25kg/m2.
Conclusion
The T2DM/HIV Comorbidity was high, with half the number unaware of T2DM status, warranting collaborative efforts to improve screening and adopt better clinical management strategies for DM/HIV comorbid patients. BMI > 25kg/m2, family history of hypertension, and T2DM were associated with increased risk of T2DM, highlighting the importance of the above-mentioned risk factors in the clinical management of this comorbidity.
Adverse Effects of Dipyrone (Metamizole) Use During Pregnancy on Offspring Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lino Gabriel Moreira , Ishibashi Felipe Shoji , Conrado George Alessandro Maranhão , Bresani Cristiane Campello , Galvão Pauliana Valéria Machado 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background This meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to review the health outcomes of offspring following dipyrone use during pregnancy.Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify clinical trials or observational studies investigating women who used dipyrone during pregnancy published up to 22 March 2024. Two independent reviewers were responsible for the data extraction. The data were analyzed using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and a random effects model. Sensitivity analyses were performed using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods.Results Six case-control studies and four prospective cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. There was no evidence of associations with congenital anomalies (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.80–1.63; I2 = 33.73%; 3 cohorts and 1 case-control, n = 67,374), major congenital anomalies (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.47–2.37; I2 = 0%; 2 cohorts, n = 1,356), infant leukemia (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.86–2.22; I2 = 72.82%; 3 case-controls, n = 1,686), fetal death (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.57–1.14; 3 cohorts, n = 6,380), prematurity (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.80–1.21; I2 = 0%; 3 cohorts, n = 6,194), low birth weight, constriction of the ductus arteriosus, or renal and cardiac disorders. There is insufficient evidence to exclude oligohydramnios and patent ductus arteriosus in second- and third-trimester exposures. All analyses were of very low certainty.Conclusion There is no evidence indicating that maternal use of dipyrone causes substantial harm to offspring. According to the sensitivity analyses, exposure during the first and second trimesters was not associated with any negative outcomes. Some observed outcomes, particularly in the third trimester of pregnancy, merit further research.