bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adding microencapsulated pear ester to insecticides for control of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple
Authors: Knight Alan L , Light Douglas M 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The possibility of improving the efficacy of various insecticides for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), by the addition of a microencapsulated formulation of pear ester, ethyl (2E, 4Z)‐2,4‐decadienoate (PE‐MEC, 5% AI), was evaluated in field trials in apple from 2005 to 2009.RESULTS: The addition of PE‐MEC (<3.0 g AI ha−1) significantly lowered fruit injury with low rates of organophosphate and neonicotinoid insecticides. The addition of PE‐MEC (1.48 g AI ha−1) to maximum label rates of insecticides with moderate activity for codling moth, such as ebamectin benzoate, spinosad and methoxyfenozide, significantly improved their effectiveness. However, PE‐MEC did not consistently improve the activity of maximum label rates of either rynaxypyr or spinetoram. The addition of PE‐MEC with seasonal spray programs of acetamiprid and azinphos‐methyl in combination with the use of sex pheromones for mating disruption provided the most effective control.CONCLUSION: The addition of PE‐MEC can improve the effectiveness of some insecticides for codling moth in apple. Insecticides active via dermal toxicity are more strongly improved by the addition of PE‐MEC. Season‐long use of PE‐MEC can also augment the effectiveness of mating disruption. Adding PE‐MEC to variable integrated management programs for C. pomonella should be further investigated. Published 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of citrus rootstocks on the relationship between the mite Brevipalpus phoenicis and citrus leprosis disease
Authors: Andrade Daniel J , Falconi Rosangela S , Siqueira Diego S , Barbosa Crislany L , Ferraudo Antonio S , Oliveira Carlos AL 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Leprosis is one of the most serious citrus plant diseases. Leprosis‐affected plants, especially sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], which is the most widely cultivated citrus fruit worldwide, show reduced photosynthetic capacity and severe defoliation. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between the Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) vector mite and citrus leprosis disease in Pera sweet orange plants grafted on different rootstocks. Data were analysed using numerical classification and conventional statistical analysis (ANOVA).RESULTS: Both viruliferous and non‐viruliferous B. phoenicis populations increased in number on plants maintained at low soil water content. Among the evaluated rootstocks, Sunki mandarin proved least favourable for mite population increase. Furthermore, the viruliferous mite population increased more rapidly than the non‐viruliferous mite population.CONCLUSION: The Cleopatra rootstock showed low variability in leaf nitrogen content, low mite number and low leprosis severity, thereby producing the most favourable results. Under appropriate moisture conditions, the Sunki rootstock produced the best results, showing the least severe leprosis. Rangpur lime rootstock grown in soil with varying water content showed the greatest variation in foliar nitrogen content, mite number and severity of leprosis and is considered to be the most difficult rootstock to manage. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Mobility, longevity and activity of chlorfenapyr in soils treated at a termiticidal rate
Authors: Peterson Chris J , Davis Robert W 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The mobility, longevity and termiticidal activity of chlorfenapyr applied to soils at the termiticidal labeled rate was evaluated for 30 months after treatment (MAT) in a greenhouse study.RESULTS: There was little dissipation of chlorfenapyr in soil treated at the labeled rate for perimeter treatments for the prevention and control of termite infestations. Chlorfenapyr was detected in soil immediately below the initially treated soil in the packed soil columns. This was likely due to settling of soil. The treated soil remained toxic to subterranean termites in 3 and 7 day bioassays over the duration of the study. The treated soil displayed slow‐acting properties regarding toxicity to termites. Trace amounts of chlorfenapyr were detected in the eluates of packed soil cones.CONCLUSION: The commercial formulation of chlorfenapyr used in this study (21.45% concentrate diluted to 0.125% prior to application) killed 100% of the tested subterranean termites for at least 30 months. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Factors affecting the level of damage by wild boar in farmland in north‐eastern Poland
Authors: Frackowiak Witold , Gorczyca Stanislaw , Merta Dorota , Wojciuch‐Ploskonka Marta 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: There was an unchecked increase in wild boar population and in the damaged crops in Poland in 2010, and the amount of compensation reached €12.4 million. The objective of the present study was to establish the factors affecting boar‐related damage and to verify the effectiveness of protective strips used again wild boar pressure upon fields.RESULTS: Damage was positively correlated with the wild boar population density, the farmland‐forest ecotone index, the proportion of deciduous stands, the Simpson index for dominant tree species and the age class of forest stands. The relationship between level of damage and feeding strips was not significant. Stepwise regression explains 55.6% of the variability of a given feature affected by the wild boar density, the forest‐field ecotone index and the Simpson index for the age structure of the forest. During 5 years, the compensation for damage caused by boar amounted to €34.2 million, whereas the revenue from carcasses sold amounted to €9.5 million.CONCLUSIONS: Protective strips do not reduce the damage to crops, and so the offer of high‐protein food on these strips, which increases reproduction rates among wild boar, should be discontinued. Reduction in the level of damage can only be achieved by a radical reduction in numbers of wild boar. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Epidermal Growth Factor–Ferritin H‐Chain Protein Nanoparticles for Tumor Active Targeting
Authors: Li Xu , Qiu Lihui , Zhu Pei , Tao Xinyi , Imanaka Tadayuki , Zhao Jing , Huang Youguo , Tu Yaping , Cao Xuni 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHuman ferritin H‐chain protein (FTH1)‐based nanoparticles possess a precisely assembled nanometer‐scale structure and high safety. However, their applications for imaging and drug delivery towards cancer cells remain limited due to a lack of target specificity. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in many malignant tissues including breast cancer, and has been used as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Herein, a genetic method is shown to generate EGF‐FTH1 chimeric proteins. EGF‐FTH1 nanoparticles with EGF on the surface are then produced. The data demonstrate that EGF‐FTH1 nanoparticles, with a small size (11.8 ± 1.8 nm), narrow size distribution, and high biosafety, can specifically bind to and then be taken up by breast cancer MCF‐7 cells and MDA‐MB‐231 cells, but not normal breast epithelial MCF‐10A cells. In contrast, binding and absorption of nontargeted ferritin‐based nanoparticles to breast cancer cells are negligible. In vivo studies show that EGF‐FTH1 nanoparticles are accumulated in breast tumors in a mouse xenograft model. Interestingly, the concentration of EGF‐FTH1 nanoparticles in the tumor site is significantly reduced when mice are pretreated with an excess of free EGF. These results imply that EGF–EGFR interaction plays an important role in regulating the tumor retention of EGF‐FTH1 nanoparticles.
Fatigue assessment for deck plates in orthotropic bridge decks
Authors: Maljaars Johan , van Dooren Frank , Kolstein Henk 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSince the 1960s, orthotropic deck plates of highway bridges have been built with large cold‐formed trapezoidal stiffeners supporting a deck plate with a thickness of approx. 12 mm. The maximum cross‐beam spacing is approx. 4 m. A number of these bridge decks in The Netherlands suffer from fatigue cracks in the deck plate. First cracks have been observed after about 30 years in service. In one particular movable bridge, the cracks were found after only seven years. In many other countries, this type of crack has not yet been observed.This article provides a fatigue assessment procedure for deck plates. The procedure is calibrated with the conditions and observations in The Netherlands. It gives a fatigue life prediction and takes account of inspection results quantitatively. Although aspects such as the type and thickness of the surface finishes and the traffic load may vary between countries, the principles of the assessment procedure in this article are generally applicable and can be used to identify reasons for differences in fatigue life and to develop strategies for increasing the life.
Iconic Campus of the Zayed University Abu Dhabi
Authors: Böttcher Christiane , Frenz Matthias , Kaufmann Henning 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe Emirate of Abu Dhabi is planning for the post‐oil era, so education plays a central role in its Master Plan 2030. The new building complex of the Zayed University, intended for 6,000 students, is located in the future Capital District directly on the important connecting road between the Abu Dhabi international airport and the old town peninsular.Hamburg architects BRT’s (Bothe Richter Teherani) symbolism‐rich design moulds the 100.000 m2 GFA ensemble of buildings in the central area into a huge sculpture. The linking element is a jointless free‐form roof of 8,000 tonnes of steel with aluminium cladding whose shape and lightness echoes the traditional Arabic chador.A very short time for design and construction required close cooperation within the international team set up by a main contractor. The project required mastering of numerous engineering challenges, different design philosophies, difficult interfaces between design and construction works on a huge construction site with up to 8,000 workers running in parallel to the design works.
Gonadectomy differentially regulates steroid receptor coactivator‐1 and synaptic proteins in the hippocampus of adult female and male C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Bian Chen , Zhu Kongjiang , Yang Li , Lin Sen , Li Shurong , Su Bingyin , Zhang Jiqiang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHippocampus is one of the most important structures that mediates learning and memory, cognition, and mental behaviors and profoundly regulated by sex hormones in a sex‐specific manner, but the mechanism of underlying sex differences regulation is still unclear. We have previously reported that in the male and female mice, steroid receptor coactivator‐1 (SRC‐1) and some key synaptic proteins share similar developmental profile in the hippocampus, but how circulating sex hormones affect hippocampal SRC‐1 as well as these synaptic proteins remain unclear. In this study, we examined how gonad sex hormones regulate hippocampal SRC‐1, synaptophysin, PSD‐95, and AMPA receptor subtype GluR1 by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The results showed that in the female mice, ovariectomy affected hippocampal SRC‐1 and GluR1 were only detected at 2 weeks post operation, then it recovered to sham level; synaptophysin was unaffected at any timepoint examined; significant decrease of PSD‐95 was only detected at 4 weeks post operation. However, in the male hippocampus, SRC‐1 and PSD‐95 were decreased from one week and lasted to 4 weeks after orchidectomy, GluR1 decreased from 2 weeks after orchidectomy, but synaptophysin remained unchanged as in the females. Correlation analysis showed the profiles of SRC‐1 were positively correlated with GluR1 of the females, PSD‐95 and GluR1 of the males, respectively. The above results suggested a distinct regulatory mode between female and male gonad hormones in the regulation of hippocampal SRC‐1 and synaptic proteins, which may be one of the mechanisms contributing to the dimorphism of hippocampus during development and ageing. Synapse, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of the preferential dopamine D3 receptor antagonist S33138 on ethanol binge drinking in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Rice Onarae V. , Patrick Jay , Schonhar Charles D. , Ning Haoran , Ashby Charles R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway plays an integral role in the reinforcing properties of many drugs of abuse, including alcohol (ethanol/EtOH). It has been reported that selective and acute blockade of the DA D3 receptor by SB‐277011A will attenuate EtOH preference, intake, and lick responses in EtOH preferring rats. However, alcohol consumption that leads to abuse is often marked by binge drinking—which is characterized as bringing ones blood EtOH levels to ≥80 mg/dL within 2 hours of the initial drink. It is unclear if brain mechanisms implicated in EtOH reward are equally implicated in EtOH binge consumption and abuse. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of the preferential D3 receptor antagonist S33138 on ethanol (6% v/v) and water consumption in male C57BL/6J mice using a restricted‐access binge‐drinking model. Ethanol drinking was not significantly altered by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 0.16 mg/kg of S33138. In contrast, the i.p. administration of 0.64 or 2.5 mg/kg i.p. of S33138 produced a significant decrease in ethanol consumption on days 1 and 7 and days 7–14 compared to vehicle treated animals. However, the mean water consumption was significantly decreased by (1) 0.16 and 0.64 mg/kg i.p. of S33138 on Day 1 and (2) 2.5 mg/kg i.p. of S33138 at Days 1, 7, and 7–14. Our studies indicate that a low dose of S33138 significantly decreases binge drinking, and that it does not significantly alter the consumption of water. In addition, S33138 alone is not appetitive. Synapse 66:975–978, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Fermi scale as a focus point of high-scale gauge mediation
Authors: Brümmer F. , Buchmüller W. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

We consider the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model with large scalar and gaugino mass terms at the GUT scale, which are generated predominantly by gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. For certain ratios of GUT-scale masses, determined by the messenger indices, large radiative corrections lead to a small electroweak scale in a way which resembles the well-known focus point mechanism. The Fermi scale, the gravitino mass and the higgsino masses are of comparable size. For a Higgs mass of about 124 GeV all other superparticles have masses outside the reach of the LHC.
Incidence of postpartum anal incontinence among Indians and black Africans in a resource‐constrained country
Authors: Naidoo Thinagrin D. , Moodley Jagidesa , Esterhuizen Tonya E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of postpartum anal incontinence (AI) in a low‐resource setting and to highlight any interracial variation in the incidence.MethodsA prospective observational cohort study was conducted amongst the Indian and black African populations of KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. A group of 1331 women who delivered at term completed a questionnaire on the symptoms of AI in both the prenatal and postpartum periods. The prevalence, incidence and persistence of AI were compared by race, age, parity, and mode of delivery.ResultsThe prenatal prevalence of incontinence of flatus was 26.3%, with a 6‐week postpartum incidence of 61.1% and a 6‐month persistence of 6.4%. Interracial variation in the incidence of AI was evident. Prenatal incontinence of flatus was more frequent among Indians than black Africans (34.1% versus 24.5%; P = 0.002). By contrast, the 6‐week postpartum incidence of incontinence of flatus was higher among black Africans than Indians (63.2% versus 53.1%; P = 0.018). The incidence of AI was significantly lower among women who underwent cesarean delivery; parity and age did not show significant associations.ConclusionPostpartum AI in a low‐resource setting is problematic, with interracial variation in incidence. The mode of delivery possibly influences subsequent development of AI.
Predictors of oral contraceptive use among teenaged girls in southeastern Hungary
Authors: Kozinszky Zoltan , Sikovanyecz János , Pál Zoltán , Szabó Dávid , Lehotzky Helga , Pál Attila 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the main determinants of oral contraceptive (OC) use among teenaged girls in southeastern Hungary.MethodsA questionnaire was self‐administered by 332 participants aged 14 to 19 years seen at the Contraception Outpatient Clinic for Teenagers located in the Department of the Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Szeged from May 1, 2005, to March 31, 2006.ResultsApproximately half of the respondents (48.2%) used OCs, and only 21.9% of the OC users considered OC cost unimportant (vs 59% of the non‐OC users). A considerable proportion in each group knew little about the fertile period of a menstrual cycle (43.1% vs 46.5%) and had an insufficient knowledge of the recommendations regarding pill use (66.6% vs 77.9%). Most (76.2%) of the participants intended to use OCs in the future. Intending to use OCs was strongly associated with the prevention of menstrual disorders (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4–10.5) and the opinion that OCs did not interfere with sex life (AOR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.3–5.1).ConclusionThe results demonstrate that the knowledge of teenaged girls concerning the correct use of OCs and the differences in fertility during the menstrual cycle is often inadequate and should be improved.
Osteoarthritis in the Disabled Population: A Mechanical Perspective
Authors: Morgenroth David C. , Gellhorn Alfred C. , Suri Pradeep 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPrimary disabling conditions, such as amputation, not only limit mobility, but also predispose individuals to secondary musculoskeletal impairments, such as osteoarthritis (OA) of the intact limb joints, that can result in additive disability. Altered gait biomechanics that cause increased loading of the intact limb have been suggested as a cause of the increased prevalence of intact limb knee and hip osteoarthritis in this population. Optimizing socket fit and prosthetic alignment, as well as developing and prescribing prosthetic feet with improved push‐off characteristics, can lead to reduced asymmetric loading of the intact limb and therefore are potential strategies to prevent and treat osteoarthritis in the amputee population. Research on disabled populations associated with altered biomechanics offers an opportunity to focus on the mechanical risk factors associated with this condition. Continued research into the causes of secondary disability and the development of preventive strategies are critical to enable optimal rehabilitation practices to maximize function and quality of life in patients with disabilities.
Regenerative Injection Therapy for Osteoarthritis: Fundamental Concepts and Evidence‐Based Review
Authors: Vora Ariana , Borg‐Stein Joanne , Nguyen Rosalyn T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRegenerative therapy involves the injection of a small volume of solution into multiple sites of painful ligament and tendon insertions (entheses) and adjacent joint spaces, with the goal of reducing pain and ostensibly promoting tissue repair and growth. Dextrose and platelet‐rich plasma solutions have been shown to increase expression of growth factors in vivo and have shown promising clinical results in the treatment of tendinosus. In the treatment of osteoarthritis, small clinical trials and case series to date suggest safety, symptomatic improvement, and functional improvement at up to a year of follow‐up; however, most of these studies are uncontrolled. Given the methodological limitations of clinical research on regenerative injections for osteoarthritis to date, this treatment should be considered only after execution of a comprehensive assessment and treatment plan, including optimization of biomechanics, weight loss, cardiovascular exercise, resistance training, and judicious use of more established topical, oral, and injectable medications.
Use of Glucosamine and Chondroitin in Persons With Osteoarthritis
Authors: Sherman Andrew L. , Ojeda‐Correal German , Mena Jose 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGlucosamine and chondroitin are members of a group of dietary supplements often termed “complementary agents,” “disease‐modifying agents,” or “disease‐modifying osteoarthritis drugs” (DMOADs). They are among the best‐selling dietary supplements in the United States. DMOADs are thought to act by affecting cytokine‐mediated pathways regulating inflammation, cartilage degradation, and immune responses. Given the results of recent studies, investigators have begun to question whether the popular combination of glucosamine and chondroitin alleviates disease progression or pain in people with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. Reasons proposed for the lack of benefit include incorrect dosing, suboptimal compound manufacture, and a lack of complete understanding of when and how to apply the compounds. In addition, adjuvant medications also could augment the therapeutic potential of these agents. Although these agents are considered safe, some uncommon and minor adverse effects have been reported, including epigastric pain or tenderness (3.5%), heartburn (2.7%), diarrhea (2.5%), and nausea (1%). In conclusion, although some questions have arisen about whether DMOADs are as effective as has been claimed, a trial should be considered in in selected patients with sustained refractory cases of osteoarthritis.
Spine Osteoarthritis
Authors: Laplante Ben L. , DePalma Michael J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOsteoarthritis of the spine develops as a consequence of the natural aging process and is associated with significant morbidity and health care expenditures. Effective diagnosis and treatment of the resultant pathologic conditions can be clinically challenging. Recent evidence has emerged to aid the investigating clinician in formulating an accurate diagnosis and in implementing a successful treatment algorithm. This article details the degenerative cascade that results in the osteoarthritic spine, reviews prevalence data for common painful spinal disorders, and discusses evidence‐based treatment options for management of zygapophysial and sacroiliac joint arthrosis.