bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vinyl Ester Matrix Resins and CompositesAdapted from
Vinyl Ester Matrix Resins and Composites
, First Edition.
Authors: White Mary N. , Henson F. C. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This article discusses vinyl ester resins that are produced by the esterification of a polyfunctional epoxy resin with an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, usually methacrylic or acrylic acid, in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor, followed by the addition of a polymerizable diluent, usually styrene. Their versatility makes them ideal for many fiber‐reinforced plastic (FRP) composite applications, such as complex structural automotive parts, mentioned in the article.
Structure–properties relationships, formulation, and cure at ambient and elevated temperature of vinyl ester resins are discussed. An introduction on the typical fabrication methods that include hand layup, spray‐up, filament winding, resin transfer molding (RTM), and pultrusion is presented, and finally, safety considerations and the effect of government regulations on their use are reported.
Woven Composite Structures
Authors: Canonico Paolo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe woven structure of a composite material represents the reinforcement phase of composite materials and defines the pattern and orientation of the fibers, which are responsible for the technical performances and aesthetic aspects as well. The most common woven structures are described, with the indication of the main properties and related application fields. Different materials (glass, graphite, and aramid) require different weaving techniques and machinery. The weaving processes and the main application fields for woven structure of different fabrics are analyzed. It is likely that in the near future, due to the consolidation of new molding techniques (such as resin infusion, RTM, etc.), the woven structures will play a fundamental role in the development of new generation composite materials and will help their consolidation at the industrial scale.
Monotonic and Cyclic Deformation Behavior of MIG‐CMT Welded and Heat‐Treated Joints of Aluminum Cast and Wrought Alloys
Authors: Kantehm Matthias , Söker Marcus , Krupp Ulrich , Michels Wilhelm 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWhile the fatigue behavior of die cast aluminum as well as welded aluminum wrought alloys have been subject of several studies, no systematic work has been carried out on hybrid structures made as a combination of welded sand castings and wrought alloys. Aim of the present study is to correlate the monotonic and cyclic deformation behavior of thin sheet welded joints with the microstructure in the heat affected zone of the material combination sand cast EN AC‐Al Si7Mg0.3 and wrought alloy EN AW‐Al Si1MgMn (EN AW‐6082). The metal sheets were welded using a metal inert gas cold metal transfer process under variation of the welding gap, the heat treatment parameters, as well as the surface finishes. It was demonstrated by Wöhler diagrams based on bending fatigue tests that the fatigue life could be increased for the welded and heat treated specimens as compared to the as‐received cast specimens. By means of optical microscopy this effect was attributed to microstructural changes due to the optimized welding and heat treatment process. A detailed analysis of the mechanical tests was possible by the application of an optical 3D strain analysis.
CdTe Quantum Dots/Layered Double Hydroxide Ultrathin Films with Multicolor Light Emission via Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly
Authors: Liang Ruizheng , Xu Simin , Yan Dongpeng , Shi Wenying , Tian Rui , Yan Hong , Wei Min , Evans David G. , Duan Xue 
Published: July 2012

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) luminescent films have broad applications in optoelectronics, solid‐state light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), and optical devices. This work reports the fabrication of multicolor‐light‐emitting ultrathin films (UTFs) with 2D architecture based on CdTe QDs and MgAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets via the layer‐by‐layer deposition technique. The hybrid UTFs possess periodic layered structure, which is verified by X‐ray diffraction. Tunable light emission in the red‐green region is obtained by changing the particle size of QDs (CdTe‐535 QDs and CdTe‐635 QDs with green and red emision respectively), assembly cycle number, and sequence. Moreover, energy transfer between CdTe‐535 QDs and CdTe‐635 QDs occurs based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which greatly enhances the fluorescence efficiency of CdTe‐635 QDs. In addition, a theoretical study based on the Förster theory and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrates that CdTe QDs/LDH UTFs exhibit superior capability of energy transfer owing to the ordered dispersion of QDs in the 2D LDH matrix, which agrees well with the experimental results. Therefore, this provides a facile approach for the design and fabrication of inorganic‐inorganic luminescent UTFs with largely enhanced luminescence efficiency as well as stability, which can be potentially applied in multicolor optical and optoelectronic devices.
Ideal Energy‐Level Alignment at the ZnO/P3HT Photovoltaic Interface
Authors: Noori Keian , Giustino Feliciano 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHybrid semiconductor‐polymer nanostructured solar cells hold the promise of photovoltaic energy conversion based on abundant and nontoxic materials and scalable manufacturing processes. After a decade of intense research activity, hybrid solar cells still exhibit low short‐circuit currents and moderate open‐circuit voltages. These bottlenecks call for a detailed understanding of the physics underlying the device operation at the nanoscale. Using first‐principles calculations the ideal energy‐level alignment of hybrid solar cell interfaces based on the wide bandgap semiconductor ZnO and the polymer poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is investigated. The interfacial charge transfer is quantified and it is shown that this effect increases the ideal open‐circuit voltage with respect to the electron‐affinity rule by as much as 0.5 V. The results of this work suggests that there is significant room for optimizing this class of excitonic solar cells by tailoring the semiconductor/polymer interface at the nanoscale.
Effect of DISC1 SNPs on brain structure in healthy controls and patients with a history of psychosis
Authors: Kähler Anna K. , Rimol Lars M. , Brown Andrew Anand , Djurovic Srdjan , Hartberg Cecilie B. , Melle Ingrid , Dale Anders M. , Andreassen Ole A. , Agartz Ingrid 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDisrupted‐in‐Schizophrenia‐1 (DISC1) has been suggested as a susceptibility locus for a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders. Risk variants have been associated with brain structural changes, which overlap alterations reported in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. We used genome‐wide genotyping data for a Norwegian sample of healthy controls (n = 171) and patients with a history of psychosis (n = 184), to investigate 61 SNPs in the DISC1 region for putative association with structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) measures (hippocampal volume; mean cortical thickness; and total surface area, as well as cortical thickness and area divided into four lobar measures). SNP rs821589 was associated with mean temporal and total brain cortical thickness in controls (Padjusted = 0.009 and 0.02, respectively), but not in patients. SNPs rs11122319 and rs1417584 were associated with mean temporal cortical thickness in patients (Padjusted = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively), but not in controls, and both SNPs have previously been highly associated with DISC1 gene expression. There were significant genotype ×  case–control interactions. There was no significant association between SNPs and cortical area or hippocampal volume in controls, or with any of the structural measures in cases, after correction for multiple comparisons. In conclusion, DISC1 SNPs might impact brain structural variation, possibly differently in psychosis patients versus controls, but independent replication will be needed to confirm our findings. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the association between BDNF val66met and hippocampal volume—A genuine effect or a winners curse?
Authors: Molendijk Marc L. , Bus Boudewijn A.A. , Spinhoven Philip , Kaimatzoglou Anna , Voshaar Richard C. Oude , Penninx Brenda W.J.H. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Elzinga Bernet M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractInconsistenties have been reported with regard to an association between val66met, a polymorphism on the BDNF gene, and hippocampal volume. We performed a systematic review and a meta‐analysis to determine the magnitude and direction of this putative association and estimated the potential influence of demographic, clinical, and methodological characteristics of studies. Tests of publication bias and time‐related trends were performed and statistical power of the included studies was calculated. The literature search for MRI studies on differences in total hippocampal volume as a function of BDNF val66met returned 25 records that fulfilled our criteria (total N = 3,620). Meta‐analysis showed that carriers of a met allele had lower hippocampal volumes relative to val/val homozygotes (d = 0.13, P = 0.02). Between‐study heterogeneity in effect size estimates was substantial (Q = 54.47, P < .001) and this could not be explained by demographic, clinical, and methodological differences across studies. Funnel plot inspection and trim‐and‐fill estimations suggested evidence for publication bias and effect sizes decreased substantially over the years (Pearson's r = −0.54, P < .01). All included studies were underpowered. This meta‐analysis shows that carriers of a met allele have lower total hippocampal volumes relative to val/val homozygotes. However, effect sizes converged closer to null with virtually each attempt at replication and were based on underpowered studies. Altogether, this may call into question whether the observed effect is a genuine biological effect of the met allele or whether it is subject to a winners curse, with large effect sizes found in a few early studies and increasingly smaller effect sizes in later studies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Revolutionizing medicine in the 21st century through systems approaches
Authors: Hood Leroy , Balling Rudi , Auffray Charles 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPersonalized medicine is a term for a revolution in medicine that envisions the individual patient as the central focus of healthcare in the future. The term “personalized medicine”, however, fails to reflect the enormous dimensionality of this new medicine that will be predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory‐a vision of medicine we have termed P4 medicine. This reflects a paradigm change in how medicine will be practiced that is revolutionary rather than evolutionary. P4 medicine arises from the confluence of a systems approach to medicine and from the digitalization of medicine that creates the large data sets necessary to deal with the complexities of disease. We predict that systems approaches will empower the transition from conventional reactive medical practice to a more proactive P4 medicine focused on wellness, and will reverse the escalating costs of drug development an will have enormous social and economic benefits. Our vision for P4 medicine in 10 years is that each patient will be associated with a virtual data cloud of billions of data points and that we will have the information technology for healthcare to reduce this enormous data dimensionality to simple hypotheses about health and/or disease for each individual. These data will be multi‐scale across all levels of biological organization and extremely heterogeneous in type – this enormous amount of data represents a striking signal‐to‐noise (S/N) challenge. The key to dealing with this S/N challenge is to take a “holistic systems approach” to disease as we will discuss in this article.
Chiral analytical method development of liquiritigenin with application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Sayre Casey L. , Hopkins Mandi , Takemoto Jody K. , Davies Neal M. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTPharmacometric characterization studies of liquiritigenin have historically overlooked its chiral nature. To achieve complete characterization, an analytical method enabling the detection and quantification of the individual enantiomers of racemic (±) liquiritigenin is necessary. Resolution of the enantiomers of liquiritigenin was achieved using a simple high‐performance liquid chromatographic method. A Chiralpak® ADRH column was employed to perform baseline separation with UV detection at 210 nm.The standard curves were linear ranging from 0.5 to 100 µg/mL for each enantiomer. Limit of quantification was 0.5 µg/mL. The assay was applied successfully to stereoselective serum disposition of liquiritigenin enantiomers in rats. Liquiritigenin enantiomers were detected in serum as both aglycones and glucuronidated conjugates. Both unconjugated enantiomers had a serum half‐life of ~15 min in rats. The volume of distribution (Vd) for S‐ and R‐liquiritigenin was 1.49 and 2.21 L/kg, respectively. Total clearance (Cltotal) was 5.12 L/h/kg for S‐liquiritigenin and 4.79 L/h/kg for R‐liquiritigenin, and area under the curve (AUC0‐inf) was 3.95 µg h/mL for S‐liquiritigenin and 4.23 µg h/mL for R‐liquiritigenin. The large volume of distribution coupled with the short serum half‐life suggests extensive distribution of liquiritigenin into tissues. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential expression of miRNAs in the serum of patients with high‐risk oral lesions
Authors: MacLellan Sara Ann , Lawson James , Baik Jonathan , Guillaud Martial , Poh Catherine Fang‐Yeu , Garnis Cathie 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOral cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. Disease is often diagnosed at later stages, which is associated with a poor 5‐year survival rate and a high rate of local recurrence. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small, noncoding RNAs, can be isolated from blood serum samples and have demonstrated utility as biomarkers in multiple cancer types. The aim of this study was to examine the expression profiles of circulating miRNAs in the serum of patients with high‐risk oral lesions (HRLs; oral cancer or carcinoma in situ) and to explore their utility as potential oral cancer biomarkers. Global serum miRNA profiles were generated using quantitative PCR method from 1) patients diagnosed with HRLs and undergoing intent‐to‐cure surgical treatment (N = 30) and 2) a demographically matched, noncancer control group (N = 26). We next honed our list of serum miRNAs associated with disease by reducing the effects of interpatient variability; we compared serum miRNA profiles from samples taken both before and after tumor resections (N = 10). Based on these analyses, fifteen miRNAs were significantly upregulated and five were significantly downregulated based on presence of disease (minimum fold‐change >2 in at least 50% of samples, P < 0.05, permutation). Five of these miRNAs (miR‐16, let‐7b, miR‐338‐3p, miR‐223, and miR‐29a) yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUC) >0.8, suggesting utility as noninvasive biomarkers for detection of oral cancer or high‐grade lesions. Combining these serum miRNA profiles with other screening techniques could greatly improve the sensitivity in oral cancer detection.
Intravascular ultrasound assessment of optimal stent area to prevent in‐stent restenosis after zotarolimus‐, everolimus‐, and sirolimus‐eluting stent implantation
Authors: Song Hae‐Geun , Kang Soo‐Jin , Ahn Jung‐Min , Kim Won‐Jang , Lee Jong‐Young , Park Duk‐Woo , Lee Seung‐Whan , Kim Young‐Hak , Lee Cheol Whan , Park Seong‐Wook , Park Seung‐Jung 
Published: July 2012

Objectives and backgroundThe impact of underexpansion and minimal stent area (MSA) criteria in the second generation drug‐eluting stents (DES) has not been addressed yet.MethodsUsing intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), we assessed the optimal cut‐off values of post‐stenting MSA to prevent in‐stent restenosis (ISR). Poststenting IVUS data and 9‐month follow‐up angiography were available in 912 patients with 990 lesions: 541 sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES), 220 zotarolimus‐eluting stents (ZES) and 229 everolimus‐eluting stents (EES).ResultsFor the prediction of angiographic ISR, the MSA of each DES was measured. The poststenting MSA was 6.4 ± 1.8 mm2 in SES, 6.2 ± 2.1 mm2 in ZES and 6.2 ± 2.1 mm2 in EES. At the 9‐months follow‐up, the incidence of angiographic ISR was similar between SES (3.3%) vs. ZES (4.5%) vs. EES. (4.4%), (P = 0.53). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the post‐stenting MSA as the only independent predictor of angiographic ISR in ZES (Odds ratio 0.722, 95% confidence interval 0.581–0.897, P = 0.001) and in EES (Odds ratio 0.595, 95% confidence interval 0.392–0.904, P = 0.015). The best MSA cut‐off value was 5.5 mm2 for the prediction of SES restenosis (sensitivity 72.2% and specificity 66.3%). For ZES, the optimal MSA predicting ISR was 5.3 mm2 (sensitivity 56.7% and specificity 61.8%). For EES, the MSA <5.4 mm2 predicted ISR (sensitivity 60.0% and specificity 60.0%).ConclusionsAs a preventable mechanism of ISR, smaller stent area predicted angiographic restenosis of the second generation DES as well as the first generation. The optimal cut‐off values of post‐stenting MSA for preventing restenosis were similar between ZES vs. EES vs. SES. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multivalent, Sulfur‐Rich PyBox Asterisk Ligands in Asymmetric Metal Catalysis
Authors: Aubert Catherine , Dallaire Carol , Pèpe Gérard , Levillain E. , Félix Guy , Gingras Marc 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMultivalent PyBox asterisk ligand 1 and monovalent ligand 2 are reported. The innovative feature in 1 is a sulfur‐rich persulfurated benzene core as a template joining six PyBox units in close proximity. An efficient persulfuration of C6Cl6 with p‐methoxybenzenethiol (95 %, >99 % per C–S bond) and deprotection led to hexaphenol 4. Six O‐arylations of 4 with Cl‐PyBox 3 (94 %, >99 % per C–O bond) provided 1. The electronic delocalization of 1 and 2 was analyzed by UV/Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. PyBox ligands 1 and 2 were successfully used for Rh‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of acetophenone, in spite of competitive bindings from six proximal sulfur atoms. The concept of multivalency and the presence of donating and oxidizable sulfur atoms in asymmetric metal catalysis were tested. The reactivities and the enantiocatalytic behavior of 1 and 2 with varying rhodium content were determined. Lability of the Rh complexes under certain conditions, was demonstrated by some crossover experiments with other PyBox ligands. Conformational and competitive metal binding studies of 1 with the aid of molecular modeling (GenMol™) helped to explain the results. This work suggests new directions for simple multivalent ligands in metal‐mediated catalysis.
Gasteromycetation in Agaricaceae s. l. (Basidiomycota): Morphological and ecological implementations
Authors: Gube Matthias , Dörfelt Heinrich 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this study, a review of the morphological features of gasteroid members of Agaricaceae is provided. Consideration of their ecological background and phylogenetic relationships allows for interpretation of the underlying process of gasteromycetation. The main dispersal strategies of gasterothecia are outlined. With lycoperdoids, tulostomatoids and the secotioid species, three functional groups of agaricoid gasterothecia are defined. Whereas the first two are phylogenetic units as well, the latter are united exclusively by their close systematic and anatomical relationships to hymenothecia and their habitat. Semiarid open land habitats are proposed as likely origin of gasteromycetation for this group, as they incorporate the highest diversity of morphological adaptations and are inhabited by members of all analysed gasteroid taxa. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The impact of cognitive deficit on self‐reported car crashes in ultra‐octogenarian population: data of an Italian population‐based study
Authors: Rozzini Luca , Riva Maddalena , Zanetti Marina , Gottardi Federica , Caratozzolo Salvatore , Vicini Chilovi Barbara , Trabucchi Marco , Padovani Alessandro 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo examine the usefulness of specific neurocognitive tests for predicting the crash involvement in ultra‐octogenarian population.MethodsA total of 800 subjects (mean age 82.4 + 3.1 years) underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests. Global intellectual functioning was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination, mental flexibility and information processing speed were assessed using the Trail Making Test parts A and B (TMT‐A and TMT‐B), long‐term memory was evaluated with the short story, and visuo‐spatial skills were tested with Clock Drawing Test. One year after this evaluation, 343 (43%) participants have been interviewed by a telephone call to know if they were currently driving and if they had a car crash during this period.ResultsTwo hundred ninety‐seven subjects had their driving license renewed and completed the follow‐up 1 year after. Data shows that less than 11% of this group had a car crash during the first year of observation (Crash Involved). Older subjects involved in a car crash showed significant worse performances on TMT‐B (TMT‐B pathological Crash Involved vs. Noncrash Involved 47% vs. 27%; p = 0.02) and on short story (short story pathological Crash Involved vs. Noncrash Involved 19% vs. 5%; p = 0.02).ConclusionsTrail Making test B and short story have been demonstrated to provide a predictive value of driving performance of older people. Therefore, we suggest that a simple and standardized battery of neuropsychological tests, lasting about 30 min and administered by an experienced staff, is a good diagnostic instrument for risk prevention of driving activity of older drivers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DIAGNOSIS RELATED GROUPS AND VARIATIONS IN RESOURCE USE FOR CHILD DELIVERY ACROSS 10 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Or Zeynep , Renaud Thomas , Thuilliez Josselin , Lebreton Cora ,   on behalf of the EuroDRG group
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTChildbirth is one of the main causes of hospitalisation for women, accounting for about 5% of hospital activity in most Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries. We analysed the factors that explain variations in resource use for child delivery in ten European countries. We compared the performance of three models for explaining the variations in resource use (log cost or length of inpatient stay) at patient and hospital level. The first model used only the DRGs to which child deliveries were coded (MD), the second used a set of ‘patient‐level’ and delivery specific explanatory variables (MP), and the third model combined both sets of variables (MF). Countries vary both in the number of DRGs and the criteria used to classify cases of child delivery (range: 3–8) and in the percentage of deliveries classified as ‘delivery without complication’ (range: 53–90%). The capacity of DRGs and patient level variables to explain cost variation for child birth ranges from 48% in Sweden to over 70% in Spain. There is room for improving current DRG classification in most countries, but this does not necessary imply multiplying the groups and/or complicating criteria. Countries with a higher number of DRGs do not always perform better. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.