bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on digital informal learning of sports knowledge of Chinese undergraduates
Authors: Ye Zheng , Zhang Hui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith the development of digital technology, the proportion of time spent on digital informal learning in students’ daily lives is increasing. However, digital informal learning behaviors in sports field have not been fully justified and studied. This article aims to investigate the current situation and influencing factors of digital informal learning of sports knowledge (DIL-S) of Chinese undergraduates. As a cross-sectional study, 401 non-sports undergraduate students from six Chinese universities completed the DIL-S measurement questionnaire. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was constructed to explore association among DIL-S, technology expectancy (TE) and digital competence (DC). Results show that (1) Male students’ cognitive learning (CL) was significantly better than that of females; Senior students’ metacognitive learning (MCL) was significantly better than that of junior students; Sports university students’ cognitive learning, metacognitive learning, and social and motivation learning (SML) were significantly better than that of non-sports university students. (2) Digital competence has a significant positive impact on technology expectancy and digital informal learning of sport knowledge, while technology expectancy has a significant negative impact on digital informal learning of sport knowledge. Based on the results, following conclusions can be made (1) Undergraduates have a strong competence to use digital technology and have a high interest in using digital technology to participate in learning. However, they have a low investment in digital informal learning of sports knowledge fields. (2) Males’ sports knowledge learning consciousness and actual performance are better than girls; Compared with freshmen, senior students have stronger monitoring and planning ability for personal sports knowledge learning; The behavior of digital informal learning of sports knowledge in sports university students is better than that of non-sports university students. (3) Digital competence and technological expectancy are key factors influencing digital informal learning of sport knowledge, with digital competence having the most significant impact. These findings underscore the need to enhance the promotion of digital informal learning among undergraduates and to develop assessments that improve their understanding and knowledge of sports.
Advances in the isolation, cultivation, and identification of gut microbes
Authors: Xu Meng-Qi , Pan Fei , Peng Li-Hua , Yang Yun-Sheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe gut microbiome is closely associated with human health and the development of diseases. Isolating, characterizing, and identifying gut microbes are crucial for research on the gut microbiome and essential for advancing our understanding and utilization of it. Although culture-independent approaches have been developed, a pure culture is required for in-depth analysis of disease mechanisms and the development of biotherapy strategies. Currently, microbiome research faces the challenge of expanding the existing database of culturable gut microbiota and rapidly isolating target microorganisms. This review examines the advancements in gut microbe isolation and cultivation techniques, such as culturomics, droplet microfluidics, phenotypic and genomics selection, and membrane diffusion. Furthermore, we evaluate the progress made in technology for identifying gut microbes considering both non-targeted and targeted strategies. The focus of future research in gut microbial culturomics is expected to be on high-throughput, automation, and integration. Advancements in this field may facilitate strain-level investigation into the mechanisms underlying diseases related to gut microbiota.
Rosmarinic acid, a natural polyphenol, has a potential pro-oxidant risk via NADH-mediated oxidative DNA damage
Authors: Kobayashi Hatasu , Hirao Yuichiro , Kawanishi Shosuke , Kato Shinya , Mori Yurie , Murata Mariko , Oikawa Shinji 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Rosmarinic acid (RA) has a wide range of beneficial effects on human health. On the other hand, RA has been reported to induce metal-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and DNA damage. However, its mechanism remains unknown. In this study, to clarify the underlying mechanism, we analyzed metal-mediated DNA damage in isolated DNA treated with RA and its analog isorinic acid.

Results
RA plus Cu(II), but not Fe(III), significantly increased 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) formation, an indicator of oxidative DNA damage, in calf thymus DNA. Furthermore, a comparison of the 8-oxodG formation induced by RA and its analog isorinic acid suggested that the catechol groups in RA could be associated with their abilities to form 8-oxodG. Interestingly, the 8-oxodG formation induced by RA and isorinic acid plus Cu(II) was markedly enhanced by the addition of NADH, an endogenous reductant. To elucidate the mechanism of RA plus Cu(II)-induced oxidative DNA damage, we examined DNA damage in 32P-labeled DNA treated with RA in the presence of Cu(II). RA plus Cu(II) caused DNA cleavage, which was enhanced by piperidine treatment, suggesting that RA causes not only DNA strand breakage but also base modification. RA plus Cu(II)-induced DNA damage was inhibited by catalase (H2O2 scavenger), bathocuproine (Cu(I) chelator), and methional (scavenger of a variety of ROS other than •OH) but not by typical •OH scavengers and SOD, indicating the involvement of H2O2, Cu(I), and ROS other than •OH. DNA cleavage site analysis showing RA-induced site-specific DNA damage (frequently at thymine and some cytosine residues) supports the involvement of ROS other than •OH, because •OH causes DNA cleavage without site specificity. Based on these results, Cu(I) and H2O2 generation with concomitant RA autoxidation could lead to the production of Cu(I)-hydroperoxide, which induces oxidative DNA damage. o-Quinone and o-semiquinone radicals are likely to be again reduced to RA by NADH, which dramatically increases oxidative DNA damage, particularly at low concentrations of RA.

Conclusions
In this study, physiologically relevant concentrations of RA effectively induced oxidative DNA damage in isolated DNA through redox cycle reactions with copper and NADH.
Assessing nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards breast cancer prevention among female students at the Federal University of Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole Ibiwumi Damaris , Kunle Oni , Ajayi Kayode , Ong Thomas Prates 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer remains a complex disease and leading cause of cancer-related death in Nigerian women. Recently, the role of nutrition has been highlighted in the etiology of breast cancer.

Methods
The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutrition-related knowledge, attitude, and practices of female university students. We also investigated the correlation between their demographic characteristics and their knowledge and attitudes of the survey participants. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among female students at the Federal University of Oye (FUOYE), Nigeria. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires designed to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning cancer prevention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20, and significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
Out of the 402 students who received the questionnaire, 300 completed it. The average age of the participants was 21.26 years with a standard deviation of 2.68. There was generally limited knowledge regarding breast cancer risk factors, with 45% of participants citing family history as the most recognized risk factor. Overall, knowledge level was influenced by the participants’ permanent place of residence and course of study. Attitudes towards the impact of maternal and paternal nutrition on breast cancer prevention were notably low. Additionally, less than half of the participants demonstrated good dietary practices.

Conclusion
This study revealed low levels of nutrition-related knowledge concerning cancer prevention, accompanied by poor dietary habits among the participants. These results suggest a possible link between inadequate knowledge about breast cancer prevention and the observed poor dietary practices among the participants. The frequent consumption of unhealthy foods among the participants may be a pointer to higher risk of breast cancer in the future, emphasizing a need for health education targeted at this group.
Hunter–Prey Optimization Algorithm: a review
Authors: Lahari Pappu Soundarya , Janamala Varaprasad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Hunter–Prey Optimization Algorithm (HPO) is a nature-inspired optimization technique influenced by the predator–prey relationships observed in nature. Over the years, HPO has gained attention as a promising method for solving complex optimization problems. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis and a bibliographic study of the Hunter–Prey Optimization Algorithm. It explores its origins, underlying principles, applications, strengths, weaknesses, and recent developments in detail. By delving into various facets of HPO, this review aims to shed light on its effectiveness and potential, inspiring the researchers to address real-world optimization challenges.
COVID-19 pandemic, oil prices and Saudi stock market: empirical evidence from ARDL modeling and Bayer–Hanck cointegration approach
Authors: Boukhatem Jamel , Alhazmi Ali M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn 2020, the world experienced several significant events, including the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the collapse of international crude oil prices. The rapid spread of this pandemic has dramatic impacts on financial markets all over the world, thereby increasing market risk aversion in an unprecedented way since the subprime financial crisis. The decline in stock markets implied volatilities of equity and oil prices, thereby heightening turmoil in global financial markets despite comprehensive and substantial financial reforms. To this end, we investigated the likely effects of this pandemic on the Saudi stock market while controlling for oil prices based on daily data for a period from 1/1/2020 to 19/9/2022. To ascertain the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables, we applied autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling and the error correction model, with this ultimately revealing the existence of strong cointegration in the long run. The ARDL bounds test was found to be robust by combined cointegration tests, thus providing further evidence of a strong relationship in the long run. Granger causality tests also yielded evidence of causality between the variables in both directions. The total COVID-19 confirmed cases and oil prices also caused movements in stock returns in the short run. Our findings have some prominent implications for asset managers and policymakers to improve stock market efficiency and boost global economic activity. Saudi authorities can consequently remove the regulatory and legal obstacles to develop their stock market and better improve the risk management, which will allow to make quick decisions in response to any oil price volatilities. Policymakers should also adopt proactive strategies that can comfort stock investors’ anxieties over the increasing oil price volatilities. Finally, the findings should be treated with some cautions because of the limited sample size and the tests’ statistical inference. Nevertheless, they do open opportunities for further studies to look in more detail at how the COVID-19 pandemic affected, over the short and long run, monetary and fiscal policy coordination, financial stability, and various other macroeconomic indicators in Saudi Arabia.
Childhood adversity and mental health admission patterns prior to young person suicide (CHASE): a case-control 36 year linked hospital data study, Scotland UK 1981–2017
Authors: Dougall Nadine , Savinc Jan , Maxwell Margaret , Karatzias Thanos , O'Connor Rory C. , Williams Brian , John Ann , Cheyne Helen , Fyvie Claire , Bisson Jonathan I. , Hibberd Carina , Abbott-Smith Susan , Nolan Liz , Murray Jennifer 
Published: June 2024

Background
Childhood adversity is associated with increased later mental health problems and suicidal behaviour. Opportunities for earlier healthcare identification and intervention are needed.

Aim
To determine associations between hospital admissions for childhood adversity and mental health in children who later die by suicide.

Method
Population-based longitudinal case-control study. Scottish in-patient general and psychiatric records were summarised for individuals born 1981 or later who died by suicide between 1991 and 2017 (cases), and matched controls (1:10), for childhood adversity and mental health (broadly defined as psychiatric diagnoses and general hospital admissions for self-harm and substance use).

Results
Records were extracted for 2477 ‘cases’ and 24 777 ‘controls’; 2106 cases (85%) and 13 589 controls (55%) had lifespan hospitalisations. Mean age at death was 23.7; 75.9% were male. Maltreatment or violence-related childhood adversity codes were recorded for 7.6% cases aged 10–17 (160/2106) versus 2.7% controls (371/13 589), odds ratio = 2.9 (95% CI, 2.4–3.6); mental health-related admissions were recorded for 21.7% cases (458/2106), versus 4.1% controls (560/13 589), odds ratio = 6.5 (95% CI, 5.7–7.4); 80% of mental health admissions were in general hospitals. Using conditional logistic models, we found a dose-response effect of mental health admissions <18y, with highest adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for three or more mental health admissions: aORmale = 8.17 (95% CI, 5.02–13.29), aORfemale = 15.08 (95% CI, 8.07–28.17). We estimated that each type of childhood adversity multiplied odds of suicide by aORmale = 1.90 (95% CI, 1.64–2.21), aORfemale = 2.65 (95% CI, 1.94–3.62), and each mental health admission by aORmale = 2.06 (95% CI, 1.81–2.34), aORfemale = 1.78 (95% CI, 1.50–2.10).

Conclusions
Our lifespan study found that experiencing childhood adversity (primarily maltreatment or violence-related admissions) or mental health admissions increased odds of young person suicide, with highest odds for those experiencing both. Healthcare practitioners should identify and flag potential ‘at-risk’ adolescents to prevent future suicidal acts, especially those in general hospitals.
Efficacy and safety of a mineral and vitamin treatment on symptoms of antenatal depression: 12-week fully blinded randomised placebo-controlled trial (NUTRIMUM)
Authors: Bradley Hayley A. , Moltchanova Elena , Mulder Roger T. , Dixon Lesley , Henderson Jacki , Rucklidge Julia J. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Broad-spectrum micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) have shown benefit for treatment of depressive symptoms.

Aims
To determine whether additional micronutrients reduce symptoms of antenatal depression.

Method
Eighty-eight medication-free pregnant women at 12–24 weeks gestation, who scored ≥13 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), were randomised 1:1 to micronutrients or active placebo (containing iodine and riboflavin), for 12 weeks. Micronutrient doses were generally between recommended dietary allowance and tolerable upper level. Primary outcomes (EPDS and Clinical Global Impression – Improvement Scale (CGI-I)) were analysed with constrained longitudinal data analysis.

Results
Seventeen (19%) women dropped out, with no group differences, and four (4.5%) gave birth before trial completion. Both groups improved on the EPDS, with no group differences (P = 0.1018); 77.3% taking micronutrients and 72.7% taking placebos were considered recovered. However, the micronutrient group demonstrated significantly greater improvement, based on CGI-I clinician ratings, over time (P = 0.0196). The micronutrient group had significantly greater improvement on sleep and global assessment of functioning, and were more likely to identify themselves as ‘much’ to ‘very much’ improved (68.8%) compared with placebo (38.5%) (odds ratio 3.52, P = 0.011; number needed to treat: 3). There were no significant group differences on treatment-emergent adverse events, including suicidal ideation. Homocysteine decreased significantly more in the micronutrient group. Presence of personality difficulties, history of psychiatric medication use and higher social support tended to increase micronutrient response compared with placebo.

Conclusions
This study highlights the benefits of active monitoring on antenatal depression, with added efficacy for overall functioning when taking micronutrients, with no evidence of harm. Trial replication with larger samples and clinically diagnosed depression are needed.
Bridging the gap from medical to psychological safety assessment: consensus study in a digital mental health context
Authors: Taher Rayan , Bhanushali Palak , Allan Stephanie , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario , Bolton Heather , Dennison Laura , Wallace Brian E. , Hadjistavropoulos Heather D. , Hall Charlotte L. , Hardy Amy , Henry Alasdair L. , Lane Sam , Maguire Tess , Moreton Adam , Moukhtarian Talar R. , Vallejos Elvira Perez , Shergill Sukhi , Stahl Daniel , Thew Graham R. , Timulak Ladislav , van den Berg David , Viganò Noemi , Stock Ben Wensley , Young Katherine S. , Yiend Jenny 
Published: June 2024

Background
Digital Mental Health Interventions (DMHIs) that meet the definition of a medical device are regulated by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the UK. The MHRA uses procedures that were originally developed for pharmaceuticals to assess the safety of DMHIs. There is recognition that this may not be ideal, as is evident by an ongoing consultation for reform led by the MHRA and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.

Aims
The aim of this study was to generate an experts’ consensus on how the medical regulatory method used for assessing safety could best be adapted for DMHIs.

Method
An online Delphi study containing three rounds was conducted with an international panel of 20 experts with experience/knowledge in the field of UK digital mental health.

Results
Sixty-four items were generated, of which 41 achieved consensus (64%). Consensus emerged around ten recommendations, falling into five main themes: Enhancing the quality of adverse events data in DMHIs; Re-defining serious adverse events for DMHIs; Reassessing short-term symptom deterioration in psychological interventions as a therapeutic risk; Maximising the benefit of the Yellow Card Scheme; and Developing a harmonised approach for assessing the safety of psychological interventions in general.

Conclusion
The implementation of the recommendations provided by this consensus could improve the assessment of safety of DMHIs, making them more effective in detecting and mitigating risk.
Preclinical efficacy of BRG1/BRM ATPase inhibitor in B lymphoblastic leukemia.
Authors: Garcia Isela , Sivandzade Farzane , Wither Matthew , Rau Rachel 
Published: June 2024

10030 Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common blood cancer in children and young adults. While ALL has a high cure rate, approximately 20% of patients who initially respond to treatment relapse and prognosis post relapse remains poor. New therapeutic treatments are needed to reduce relapse rates in B-ALL pediatric patients and to minimize the toxic side effects seen with current therapies. We and others have previously shown that BRG1/BRM ATPase inhibitors have efficacy in targeting acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and one, FHD-286, is currently being evaluated for its use in AML in an ongoing clinical trial (NCT04891757). BRG1 and BRM are the ATP-dependent catalytic subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex which has a critical role in controlling gene expression, cell growth and survival of AML cells. Our prior work revealed that BRG1/BRM ATPase inhibition leads to selective transient reduction of normal B cells. Further, data from Depmap also nominates SMARCA4, the gene encoding BRG1, as a dependency in B-ALL cell lines, leading us to hypothesize that BRG1/BRM inhibition may be an effective therapy for B-ALL. Methods: We treated B-ALL cell lines with varying genetic lesions ( KMT2A-rearranged: RS4;11, KOPN-8, SEM; ETV6::RUNX1 fusion: REH and DUX4-rearranged: Nalm6) with dose titrations of FHD-286 and measured cell growth over the course of six days. In addition, at 48- and 72-hours post-treatment, we assayed cells for viability, cell cycle kinetics, and apoptosis induction via flow cytometry to provide insight into FHD-286’s mechanism of action in B-ALL. Results: We found that FHD-286 treatment resulted in decreased cell growth in a dose-dependent manner across all B-ALL cell lines. While all cell lines were displayed reduced proliferation at nanomolar doses, sensitivity varied. Nalm6, REH and SEM cells were the most sensitive with low nanomolar IC50s (2-7nM). In contrast, two of the KMT2Ar B-ALL lines, RS4;11 and KOPN-8, required higher doses to achieve growth inhibition (40-70nM). To better understand the mechanism by which FHD-286 is affecting cell growth, we evaluate whether FHD-286 is targeting cell growth through the apoptotic pathway or through cell cycle arrest. Our preliminary data indicates cell growth inhibition is only slightly attributable to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, leading us to explore terminal differentiation as a mechanism of slowed proliferation. Conclusions: Our results show FHD-286 can strongly inhibit B-ALL cell growth in vitro, indicating FHD-286 as a potential therapeutic agent to treat B-ALL. In vivo validation is ongoing. Further directions include defining the effect of FHD-286 on chromatin remodeling, gene expression, and exploring efficacy in combination therapy, which has been shown to increase FHD-286 efficacy against AML. Our data may ultimately justify inclusion of B-ALL patients in clinical studies of BRG1/BRM inhibitors.