bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing opportunities for using interactive augmented prototyping in design practice
Authors: Verlinden Jouke , Horváth Imre 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe use of tangible objects is paramount in industrial design. Throughout the design process physical prototypes are used to enable exploration, simulation, communication, and specification of designs. Although much is known about prototyping skills and technologies, the reasons why and how such models are employed in design practice are poorly understood. Advanced techniques and design media such as virtual and augmented prototyping are being introduced without insight as to their benefits. We believe that an augmented prototyping system, that is, employing augmented reality technology to combine physical and digital representations, could positively influence the design process. However, we lack knowledge on why and how it might facilitate design. This paper reports on case studies performed in different domains of industrial design. At each of three Dutch design offices, a project was followed with particular attention to physical prototyping and group activities. The projects encompassed information appliance design, automotive design, and interior design. Although the studies vary in many aspects (product domain, stakeholders, duration), the findings can be applied in conceptualizing advanced prototyping systems to support industrial design. Furthermore, the data reveal that the roles of a prototype in current practice are not necessarily utilitarian; for example, the prototype may serve as a conversation piece or as seducer. Based on so-called “hints,” bottlenecks and best practices concerning concept articulation are linked to usage scenarios for augmented tangible prototyping. The results point to modeling and communication scenarios. Detailed study of the cases indicates that communication activities, especially design reviews, would benefit most from interactive augmented prototyping.
Play-it-by-eye! Collect movies and improvise perspectives with tangible video objects
Authors: Vaucelle Cati , Ishii Hiroshi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe present an alternative video-making framework for children with tools that integrate video capture with movie production. We propose different forms of interaction with physical artifacts to capture storytelling. Play interactions as input to video editing systems assuage the interface complexities of film construction in commercial software. We aim to motivate young users in telling their stories, extracting meaning from their experiences by capturing supporting video to accompany their stories, and driving reflection on the outcomes of their movies. We report on our design process over the course of four research projects that span from a graphical user interface to a physical instantiation of video. We interface the digital and physical realms using tangible metaphors for digital data, providing a spontaneous and collaborative approach to video composition. We evaluate our systems during observations with 4- to 14-year-old users and analyze their different approaches to capturing, collecting, editing, and performing visual and sound clips.
The growing Canadian energy gap: more the can than the couch?
Authors: Slater Joyce , Green Christopher G , Sevenhuysen Gustaaf , Edginton Barry , O’Neil John , Heasman Michael 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe present study describes the trajectory of the energy gap (energy imbalance) in the Canadian population from 1976 to 2003, its temporal relationship to adult obesity, and estimates the relative contribution of energy availability and expenditure to the energy gap. It also assesses which foods contributed the most to changes in available energy over the study period.DesignAnnual estimates of the energy gap were derived by subtracting population-adjusted per capita daily estimated energy requirements (derived from Dietary Reference Intakes) from per capita daily estimated energy available (obtained from food balance sheets). Food balance sheets were used to assess which foods contributed to changes in energy availability. Adult obesity rates were derived from six national surveys. The relationship to the energy gap was assessed through regression analysis.ResultsBetween 1976 and 2003, per capita daily estimated energy availability increased by 18 % (1744 kJ), and increased energy availability was the major driver of the increased energy gap. Salad oils, wheat flour, soft drinks and shortening accounted for the majority of the net increase in energy availability. Adult obesity was significantly correlated with the energy gap over the study period.ConclusionsThe widening energy gap is being driven primarily by increased energy availability. The food commodities driving the widening energy gap are major ingredients in many energy-dense convenience foods, which are being consumed with increasing frequency in Canada. Policies to address population obesity must have a strong nutritional focus with the objective of decreasing energy consumption at the population level.
Specific inhibition of tissue kallikrein 1 with a human monoclonal antibody reveals a potential role in airway diseases
Authors: Sexton Daniel J. , Chen Ting , Martik Diana , Kuzmic Petr , Kuang Guannan , Chen Jie , Nixon Andrew E. , Zuraw Bruce L. , Forteza Rosanna M. , Abraham William M. , Wood Clive R. 
Published: June 2009

KLK1 (tissue kallikrein 1) is a member of the tissue kallikrein family of serine proteases and is the primary kinin-generating enzyme in human airways. DX-2300 is a fully human antibody that inhibits KLK1 via a competitive inhibition mechanism (Ki=0.13 nM). No binding of DX-2300 to KLK1 was observed in a surface-plasmon-resonance biosensor assay when KLK1 was complexed to known active-site inhibitors, suggesting that DX-2300 recognizes the KLK1 active site. DX-2300 did not inhibit any of the 21 serine proteases that were each tested at a concentration of 1 μM. We validated the use of DX-2300 for specific KLK1 inhibition by measuring the inhibition of KLK1-like activity in human urine, saliva and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, which are known to contain active KLK1. In human tracheobronchial epithelial cells grown at the air/liquid interface, DX-2300 blocked oxidative-stress-induced epidermal-growth-factor receptor activation and downstream mucus cell proliferation and hypersecretion, which have been previously shown to be mediated by KLK1. In an allergic sheep model of asthma, DX-2300 inhibited both allergen-induced late-phase bronchoconstriction and airway hyper-responsiveness to carbachol. These studies demonstrate that DX-2300 is a potent and specific inhibitor of KLK1 that is efficacious in in vitro and in vivo models of airway disease.
A Pivotal Role of the Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor bZIP53 in the Regulation ofArabidopsisSeed Maturation Gene Expression Based on Heterodimerization and Protein Complex Formation
Authors: Alonso Rosario , Oñate-Sánchez Luis , Weltmeier Fridtjof , Ehlert Andrea , Diaz Isabel , Dietrich Katrin , Vicente-Carbajosa Jesús , Dröge-Laser Wolfgang 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTranscription of Arabidopsis thaliana seed maturation (MAT) genes is controlled by members of several transcription factor families, such as basic leucine zippers (bZIPs), B3s, MYBs, and DOFs. In this work, we identify Arabidopsis bZIP53 as a novel transcriptional regulator of MAT genes. bZIP53 expression in developing seeds precedes and overlaps that of its target genes. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches indicate a correlation between the amount of bZIP53 protein and MAT gene expression. Specific in vivo and in vitro binding of bZIP53 protein to a G-box element in the albumin 2S2 promoter is demonstrated. Importantly, heterodimerization with bZIP10 or bZIP25, previously described bZIP regulators of MAT gene expression, significantly enhances DNA binding activity and produces a synergistic increase in target gene activation. Full-level target gene activation is strongly correlated with the ratio of the correspondent bZIP heterodimerization partners. Whereas bZIP53 does not interact with ABI3, a crucial transcriptional regulator in Arabidopsis seeds, ternary complex formation between the bZIP heterodimers and ABI3 increases the expression of MAT genes in planta. We therefore propose that heterodimers containing bZIP53 participate in enhanceosome formation to produce a dramatic increase in MAT gene transcription.
Biochemical Evidence for Translational Repression by Arabidopsis MicroRNAs
Authors: Lanet Elodie , Delannoy Etienne , Sormani Rodnay , Floris Maïna , Brodersen Peter , Crété Patrice , Voinnet Olivier , Robaglia Christophe 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally through RNA silencing, a mechanism conserved in eukaryotes. Prevailing models entail most animal miRNAs affecting gene expression by blocking mRNA translation and most plant miRNAs, triggering mRNA cleavage. Here, using polysome fractionation in Arabidopsis thaliana, we found that a portion of mature miRNAs and ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) is associated with polysomes, likely through their mRNA target. We observed enhanced accumulation of several distinct miRNA targets at both the mRNA and protein levels in an ago1 hypomorphic mutant. By contrast, translational repression, but not cleavage, persisted in transgenic plants expressing the slicing-inhibitor 2b protein from Cucumber mosaic virus. In agreement, we found that the polysome association of miR168 was lost in ago1 but maintained in 2b plants, indicating that translational repression is correlated with the presence of miRNAs and AGO1 in polysomes. This work provides direct biochemical evidence for a translational component in the plant miRNA pathway.
Novel anti‐filamin‐A antibody detects a secreted variant of filamin‐A in plasma from patients with breast carcinoma and high‐grade astrocytoma
Authors: Alper Özge , Stetler‐Stevenson William G. , Harris Lyndsay N. , Leitner Wolfgang W. , Özdemirli Metin , Hartmann Dan , Raffeld Mark , Abu‐Asab Mones , Byers Stephen , Zhuang Zhengping , Oldfield Edward H. , Tong Yanhe , Bergmann‐Leitner Elke , Criss Wayne E. , Nagasaki Koichi , Mok Samuel C. , Cramer Daniel W. , Karaveli F. Seyda , Goldbach‐Mansky Raphaela , Leo Paul , Stromberg Kurt , Weil Robert J. 
Published: June 2009

Identification of tumor‐derived proteins in the circulation may allow for early detection of cancer and evaluation of therapeutic responses. To identify circulating tumor‐derived proteins, mice were immunized with concentrated culture medium conditioned by human breast cancer cells. Antibodies generated by hybridomas were screened against conditioned media from both normal epithelial cells and tumor cells. Antibody selectively reacting with tumor cell–conditioned media was further characterized. This led to the development of a monoclonal antibody (Alper‐p280) that reacts with a newly identified 280‐kDa secreted variant of human filamin‐A. Circulating filamin‐A was detected in patient plasma samples using Alper‐p280 in an ELISA assay. Human plasma samples from 134 patients with brain, breast, or ovarian cancer, 15 patients with active arthritis, and 76 healthy controls were analyzed. Filamin‐A protein levels in human cell lines and tissues were analyzed by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and electron and confocal microscopy. Circulating filamin‐A was detected in the plasma of 109 of 143 patients with breast cancer and primary brain tumors. Plasma levels of filamin‐A showed 89.5% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67% to 0.99%) and 97.8% specificity (95% CI = 0.88% to 0.99%) for glioblastoma at a cut‐off of 21.0 ng/mL. Plasma levels of filamin‐A (>36.0 ng/mL) had 96.7% sensitivity (95% CI = 0.80% to 0.99%) and 67.8% specificity (95% CI = 0.54% to 0.79%) for metastatic breast cancer. Filamin‐A levels were increased in malignant breast or brain tissues, but not in normal control tissues. Filamin‐A localized to lysosomes in MDA.MB.231 breast cancer cells, but not in normal human mammary epithelial cells, suggesting that filamin‐A may undergo cancer‐specific processing. Plasma filamin‐A appears to be a specific and sensitive marker for patients with high‐grade astrocytoma or metastatic breast cancer. Additional novel cancer biomarkers have been identified and are being developed alongside Alper‐p280 for use in diagnosis of breast carcinoma and high‐grade astrocytoma, and for use in the evaluation of therapeutic responses. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1748–1756)
Up‐regulation of integrin β3 in radioresistant pancreatic cancer impairs adenovirus‐mediated gene therapy
Authors: Egami Takuya , Ohuchida Kenoki , Yasui Takaharu , Mizumoto Kazuhiro , Onimaru Manabu , Toma Hiroki , Sato Norihiro , Matsumoto Kunio , Tanaka Masao 
Published: June 2009

Adenovirus‐mediated gene therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. We previously reported that radiation enhanced adenovirus‐mediated gene expression in pancreatic cancer, suggesting that adenoviral gene therapy might be more effective in radioresistant pancreatic cancer cells. In the present study, we compared the transduction efficiency of adenovirus‐delivered genes in radiosensitive and radioresistant cells, and investigated the underlying mechanisms. We used an adenovirus expressing the hepatocyte growth factor antagonist, NK4 (Ad‐NK4), as a representative gene therapy. We established two radioresistant human pancreatic cancer cell lines using fractionated irradiation. Radiosensitive and radioresistant pancreatic cancer cells were infected with Ad‐NK4, and NK4 levels in the cells were measured. In order to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the differences in the transduction efficiency between these cells, we measured expression of the genes mediating adenovirus infection and endocytosis. The results revealed that NK4 levels in radioresistant cells were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than those in radiosensitive cells, although there were no significant differences in adenovirus uptake between radiosensitive cells and radioresistant cells. Integrin β3 was up‐regulated and the Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor was down‐regulated in radioresistant cells, and inhibition of integrin β3 promoted adenovirus gene transfer. These results suggest that inhibition of integrin β3 in radioresistant pancreatic cancer cells could enhance adenovirus‐mediated gene therapy. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1902–1907)
DIXDC1 targets p21 and cyclin D1 via PI3K pathway activation to promote colon cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Wang Lei , Cao Xi‐Xi , Chen Qi , Zhu Teng‐Fang , Zhu Hong‐Guang , Zheng Li 
Published: June 2009

DIXDC1 is the human homolog of Ccd1, a recently identified DIX domain containing protein in zebrafish. It is a positive regulator in the Wnt signaling pathway functioning downstream of Wnt and upstream of Axin. Since Wnt pathway activation is correlated with human colon cancer formation and progression, the biological role of DIXDC1 in human colon cancer was examined. In the current study, up‐regulation of DIXDC1 protein was detected in human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and was found to be correlated well with high cell proliferation index. Ectopic over‐expression of DIXDC1 resulted in increased cell proliferation in vitro and accelerated tumorigenesis on nude mice in vivo. We also showed that DIXDC1 promoted G0/G1 to S phase transition concomitantly with up‐regulation of cyclin D1 and down‐regulation of p21 protein. DIXDC1 over‐expression cells showed activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Both siRNA knockdown of DIXDC1 and blocking the PI3K pathway using a specific inhibitor caused G1/S phase arrest, as well as down‐regulation of cyclin D1 and up‐regulation of p21 in DIXDC1 over‐expression colon cancer cells. Collectively, this study demonstrates that over‐expression of DIXDC1 might target p21 and cyclin D1 to promote colon cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis at least partially through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1801–1808)
Dissolution in nasal fluid, retention and anti‐inflammatory activity of fluticasone furoate in human nasal tissue ex vivo
Authors: Baumann D. , Bachert C. , Högger P. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryBackground
Intranasal glucocorticoids represent the most effective pharmacologic treatment of allergic rhinitis. So far, no clinical data are available that compare fluticasone furoate (FF) with other intranasally applied glucocorticoids.Objective
Because the pharmacokinetic behaviour of drugs governs their presence at the therapeutic target site we analysed selected in vitro properties of FF in comparison with triamcinolone acetonide (TCA), budesonide (Bud), fluticasone propionate (FP) and mometasone furoate (MF). Additionally, we determined the anti‐inflammatory activity of the glucocorticoid fraction residing in human nasal tissue samples after washing.Methods
We analysed the solubility of the compounds in artificial human nasal fluid and the retention in human nasal tissue as well as typical spray volumes of commercially available drug preparations. As an anti‐inflammatory measure, we evaluated the inhibition of IL‐8 release from epithelial cells.Results
FF is delivered in the smallest application volume per spray. Despite the low aqueous solubility of glucocorticoids, a fraction of the compounds is already dissolved in the aqueous supernatants of drug preparations (Bud>TCA>FP>MF>FF). The dissolution of FP, MF and FF was significantly enhanced in artificial nasal fluid and FF displayed the most pronounced enhancement of solubility in the presence of proteins. Consistent with this result, the highest retention in nasal tissue was observed for FF, followed by FP>MF>Bud>TCA. After washing of the nasal tissue samples, all compounds inhibited IL‐8 release, with FF displaying the highest activity.Conclusion
FF displayed beneficial properties for nasal application. Its low application volume per spray is a prerequisite for effective drug utilization by avoiding immediate loss by nose runoff or drip down the throat. Sustained dissolution and high tissue binding of FF should contribute towards an extended presence of compounds in nasal tissue as a basis for a prolonged pharmacologic activity.
Use of the measurement of medication administration hassles with Mexican American family caregivers
Authors: Kao Hsueh‐Fen S , Lynn Mary R 
Published: June 2009

Aims and objectives.  This study builds on earlier work on medication administration hassles, minor daily irritants experienced by family caregivers of older relatives, by investigating the feasibility of using the Family Caregiver Medication Administration Hassles Scale (FCMAHS) for use with Mexican American caregivers.Background.  Appropriate medication administration is a critical factor in the effective management of chronic illness. When medication regimens are managed on behalf of an older care recipient, especially those with numerous medications for a variety of conditions, the caregiving task is even more complex. Relying on family support is common for older Mexican Americans. Despite this, there is little known about how Mexican Americans are handling their caregiving duties at home.Design.  A non‐experimental methodological design was used to assess the psychometric properties of the FCMAHS with Mexican Americans, chosen because they are a rapidly growing population in the US.Methods.  A purposive sample of 239 Mexican American adult caregivers, recruited in Dallas and San Diego, completed a brief biographical survey and the version of the FCMAHS created for Mexican Americans, i.e., the FCMAHS‐MA.Results.  Principal axis factoring with orthogonal rotation was used to extract six factors which accounted for 53% of the variance in total scores – initial information seeking, safety issues, advanced information acquisition, scheduling, daily routine and prescription filling. Reliability estimates for the factors (alpha) ranged from 0·70–0·90. Test‐retest reliability across a three‐week interval was r = 0·64.Conclusions.  The FCMAHC‐MA shows promise as a guide for future caregiving intervention studies on family medication management for older relatives; however, it would benefit from refinement in future studies.Relevance to clinical practice.  Understanding family caregivers’ hassles with medication administration is important because these hassles can accumulate and lead to caregiver strain. Culturally relevant intervention depends on accurate measurement of the hassles experienced by these caregivers.
Nurses’ experiences of guideline implementation: a focus group study
Authors: Alanen Seija , Välimäki Maritta , Kaila Minna ,   for the ECCE Study Group
Published: June 2009

Aims.  The aim of the study was to address the following questions: What kind of experiences do primary care nurses have of guideline implementation? What do nurses think are the most important factors affecting the adoption of guidelines?Background.  The implementation of clinical guidelines seems to be dependent on multiple context‐specific factors. This study sets out to explore the experiences of primary care nurses concerning guideline implementation.Design.  Qualitative interview.Methods.  Data were generated by four focus group interviews involving nurses working in out‐patient services in primary health centres in Finland. Purposive sampling was used to select health centres. Inductive content analysis was used to identify themes emerging from the data.Results.  Four main groups of factors were identified from the analysis of data: (i) factors related to the organisation, (ii) factors related to nurses, (iii) factors related to the anticipated consequences and (iv) factors related to the patient group. Nurses’ awareness and acceptance of guidelines and the anticipated positive consequences facilitate the implementation of guidelines. Organisational support, especially the adapting of guidelines to local circumstances, seems to be crucial for successful implementation.Conclusions.  Clinical guidelines can be promising tools in enhancing evidence‐based nursing practice, as nurses see them as practical work tools in patient care and so are willing to adopt them. However, support from management and physicians is needed to ensure the successful implementation of guidelines into nursing practices.Relevance to clinical practice.  Based on the findings of this study and previous knowledge of guideline implementation some practical recommendations are suggested. Select the most relevant guidelines to clinical practice, organise the adaptation of guidelines to local circumstances, inform all practitioners involved in treatment and give clear instructions for the adoption of the guidelines.