bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Until the day i die, this will be with me”: Qualitative study to identify coping strategies used during post-stroke return-to-work
Authors: Kee Kalya M , Asano Miho 
Published: February 2025

Background Although work is reported to positively affect wellbeing and life satisfaction post-stroke, returning to work can be challenging. Objective The study objective was to identify the strategies used to cope by adults who had stroke during return-to-work processes. Method This was an exploratory qualitative study grounded in interpretative approaches. Individuals who have had stroke were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand the coping strategies that participants used. Transcripts were analyzed deductively. Results Twenty-seven participants completed the face-to-face interviews. The median age of participants was 61 years (interquartile range = 55–64). A majority were male (n = 19, 70.4%), Chinese (n = 20, 74.1%), and married (n = 21, 78.8%). All participants were employed before their stroke. Twenty participants (74.1%) reported that they had returned to work. The findings indicated that participants utilized a mix of problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies during their return-to-work process. While both types of coping strategies were used, participants who returned to work predominantly utilized problem-focused coping strategies. Conclusions Individuals returned to work by utilizing a combination of coping strategies to manage the effects of stroke. This suggests that comprehensive services are important to address personal and occupational challenges to assist stroke victims in resuming work.
Death education, communication, and happiness: An unlikely general education triad?
Authors: Wise Kurt , Bruns Laura 
Published: February 2025

Topics in death and dying education classes can be troubling for students, some of whom may have enrolled in such classes in order to seek help. This paper contains recommendations regarding happiness-related exercises that could be employed when teaching death and dying classes from a communications perspective in general education programs. At first, the combining of death-related topics with happiness-related material may seem odd. But such an approach is not without precedent as is seen in life and death educational efforts in Taiwan. Happiness-related exercises involving savoring, gratitude, kindness, social relationships, and creating meaning have the potential to ease student anxiety when exploring difficult topics, and perhaps improve overall student wellbeing. Although this paper chiefly concerns death and dying education in the United States, its principles extend to many countries around the world grappling with aging populations.
Characteristics and treatment outcomes of adolescents and young adults living with HIV with drug-resistant tuberculosis co-infection in Uganda: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pitua Ivaan , Kirya Marvin , Kiberu Denis , Nabaasa Shivan , Namiiro Amelia Margaret , Segawa Michael Collins , Semakula Patrick , Najjuka Sarah Maria , Baluku Joseph Baruch , Olum Ronald 
Published: February 2025

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, especially among people living with HIV. Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) complicates treatment outcomes in high-burden countries like Uganda, particularly for adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYALH). Objectives: We described the characteristics, treatment outcomes, and factors associated with treatment success among AYALH and DR-TB at a TB treatment unit in Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Methods: Medical records of AYALH treated for DR-TB between January 2013 and December 2021 were reviewed. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze treatment outcomes and associated factors. Results: Among 327 participants (mean age: 28.2 years, SD: 4.75; 52.6% male), the treatment success rate was 65.7%. A body mass index (BMI) ⩾ 18.5 kg/m2 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.33–0.83, p = 0.005), Efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens (aOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35–0.89, p = 0.014), and primary DR-TB (aOR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28–0.64, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with treatment success. Conclusion: The study revealed a treatment success in only two-thirds of participants emphasizing persistent challenge of achieving optimal treatment outcomes for AYALH. The findings highlight that a higher BMI and Efavirenz-based ART regimens are significantly associated with improved treatment success pointing to the necessity for addressing nutritional needs and optimizing ART regimens to improve the management of DR-TB among AYALH.
Routine Use of an On-Table Extubation Protocol in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery—Our Experience With Life in the Fast Lane
Authors: Kaushik Jothinath , Vijayakumar Raju , Ramanath Pavithra , Babu Murugesan Karthik , Naveen Srinivasan , Maniyarasu Janarthanan , Nemergut Michael E. , Dearani Joseph 
Published: February 2025

Background We undertook this study to evaluate the efficacy of an on-table extubation protocol and to assess the magnitude of benefits when implemented as a routine practice in a developing country. Methods This prospective observational study at a single tertiary care referral hospital was designed to determine the efficacy of an on-table extubation protocol when applied to children undergoing cardiac surgery in the developing world. The study included 226 patients who were 1 month to 18 years of age undergoing cardiac surgery (including grown-up congenital heart disease [GUCHD] patients). Patients with RACHS score ≥ 4, neonates, preoperatively ventilated children, and emergency surgeries were excluded from the study. All pediatric elective cardiac surgical patients belonging to RACHS 1, 2, and 3 categories were considered as potential candidates for on-table extubation. Trial registration: Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2020/07/026567). Results Among the 226 children who underwent elective cardiac surgeries, we were able to extubate 142 patients (62.83%) in the operating room. This included 46.6% (54/116) infants, 80.8% (38/47) children less than 5 years of age, 79.3% (46/58) children between 5 years to 18 years age, and 80% (4/5) GUCHD. The duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, hospital stay, and hospital cost were significantly less in the on-table extubation group (23 [20, 26] hours; 102 [97, 125] hours; INR 2,09,011 [181032, 244298]) as compared with those patients extubated in the ICU within 6 hours (28 [22, 46] hours; 122 [100, 168] hours; INR 2,25,430 [162203, 273831]) and beyond 6 hours (71 [45, 121] hours; 184 [127, 243] hours; INR 2,53,541 [226838, 306871]). Conclusions This protocol shows a significant reduction in ICU stay, hospital stay, and total hospital cost when compared with either extubation within 6 h in the ICU or delayed extubation (beyond 6 h) in patients undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery.
Split Pectoralis Major Tendon Transfer With Achilles Allograft for Chronic Medial Scapular Winging
Authors: Groothoff Jonathan D. , Gwilt Matthew S. , Puckett Caleb D. , Fiegen Anthony P. , Waterman Brian R. 
Published: February 2025

Background: Split pectoralis major tendon (PMT) transfer is effective at treating persistent medial scapular winging refractory to conservative management. Indications: The primary indication for a PMT transfer is scapular winging secondary to serratus anterior palsy caused by long thoracic nerve injury. In this case, the patient is a 22-year-old male with years of symptoms that interfere with his activities of daily living and ability to play recreational basketball. Technique Description: The patient was placed in a semi-supine position. The deltopectoral interval was identified and dissected. The sternal head of the pectoralis major was isolated and tagged, and a tenotomy was then performed. An Achilles allograft was prepared in a sterile fashion and secured to the pectoralis tendon using multiple heavy nonabsorbable sutures. A scapular incision was made to identify the inferior angle of the scapula. A bone tunnel was created, and the allograft was shuttled through the aperture and tensioned into place. Results: Split PMT transfer is associated with improved pain scores and functional outcomes, while offering a lower complication rate than other surgical techniques. Patient satisfaction is high; 80% of patients would recommend the surgery. The patient in this case is now 16 weeks post-surgery and reports 0 out of 10 pain. Discussion/Conclusion: This technique study demonstrates that split PMT transfer with Achilles allograft augmentation is a viable treatment option for patients with persistent scapular winging. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Understanding the implementation process of the Adult Day Services Plus program
Authors: Cotton Quinton D. , Bailey Dionne , Albers Elle , Ingvalson Steph , Bloomquist Emily , Marx Katie , Anderson Keith , Dabelko-Schoeny Holly , Parker Lauren , Gitlin Laura N. , Gaugler Joseph E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Among the available evidence-based interventions targeting dementia family caregivers, there is limited evidence on implementation processes that produce desired outcomes (i.e., reductions in depression and burden) for caregivers, people living with dementia (PLWD), and community-based programs themselves. In a national multi-site hybrid effectiveness trial, we investigated the implementation success and challenges of embedding an evidence-based intervention (ADS Plus) targeting dementia family caregivers whose PLWD was enrolled in an adult day service (ADS).

Methods
Informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we conducted a directed qualitative content analysis to understand caregiver (n = 15) and staff (n = 14) perceptions of facilitators of and potential barriers to implementation of ADS Plus in nine ADS programs to guide future dissemination efforts.

Results
Results demonstrated that successful delivery of ADS Plus was achieved through intervention adaptability, personalization, and structure (innovation); responsiveness of ADS Plus to external changes and intervention marketability (outer domain); presence of aligned goals and familiarity (inner setting); involvement of research staff, connections among practitioners, and meeting caregiver needs (individual domain); and understanding caregivers’ needs and addressing staff capacity to take action (implementation process). This adaptability reassures us of the potential to implement ADS Plus in heterogeneous programmatic settings.

Conclusion
Globally, our results demonstrate that ADS Plus offers a viable community-based solution for supporting dementia family caregivers with high implementation potential for diverse ADS settings.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02927821 (Registration Date 10/7/2016).
Guiding AI in radiology: ESR’s recommendations for effective implementation of the European AI Act
Authors: Kotter Elmar , D’Antonoli Tugba Akinci , Cuocolo Renato , Hierath Monika , Huisman Merel , Klontzas Michail E. , Martí-Bonmatí Luis , May Matthias Stefan , Neri Emanuele , Nikolaou Konstantin , Pinto dos Santos Daniel , Radzina Maija , Shelmerdine Susan Cheng , Bellemo Arianna ,   European Society of Radiology (ESR)
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This statement has been produced within the European Society of Radiology AI Working Group and identifies the key policies of the EU AI Act as they pertain to medical imaging. It offers specific recommendations to policymakers and the professional community for the effective implementation of the legislation, addressing potential gaps and uncertainties. Key areas include AI literacy, classification rules for high-risk AI systems, data governance, transparency, human oversight, quality management, deployer obligations, regulatory sandboxes, post-market monitoring, information sharing, and market surveillance. By proposing actionable solutions, the statement highlights ESR’s readiness in supporting appropriate application of the AI Act in the field, promoting clarity and the effective integration of AI technologies to ensure their impactful and safe use for the benefit of Europe’s patients.

Critical relevance statement
With the impending arrival of the EU AI Act, it is critical for stakeholders to provide timely input on its key areas. This statement offers expert feedback on the aspects of the EU AI Act that will affect medical imaging.

Key Points

The AI Act will significantly impact the field of medical imaging, shaping how AI technologies are used and regulated.

The ESR is committed to develop guidelines and best practices, collaborating on the implementation process.

This statement offers expert feedback on the aspects of the framework that will affect medical imaging.

Graphical Abstract
Random and cyclic projection algorithms for strongly pseudomonotone variational inequalities
Authors: Wang Wanyu , Ma Beibei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a random and cyclic projection algorithm for solving variational inequality problems with special structure where the underlying mapping is strongly pseudomonotone and L-Lipschitz continuous and the constraint set is the intersection of a large number of simple closed convex sets. Compared with some existing incremental constraint projection algorithms, the proposed algorithm has two notable advantages: Its global convergence can be guaranteed under the assumption that F is strongly pseudomonotone, not strongly monotone or monotone plus; It just computes one projection onto a halfspace rather than two or more times projections onto the full or single constraint set at each iteration. Computational experiments are also reported to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Distinct response to IL-1β blockade in liver- and lung-specific metastasis mouse models of pancreatic cancer with heterogeneous tumor microenvironments
Authors: Chen Sophia Y. , Kung Heng-Chung , Espinoza Birginia , Washington India , Chen Kai , Mu Kaiyi , Zlomke Haley , Loycano Michael , Wang Rulin , Burns William R. , Fu Juan , Zheng Lei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME). The mechanism by which this heterogeneity confers resistance against immunotherapy remains unclear. Interleukin- 1β (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine that regulates heterogeneous cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype and promotes an immunosuppressive TME. Anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody significantly enhanced the anti-tumor activity of anti-PD-1 in a preclinical model of PDAC. However, clinical trials have shown limited activity of the anti-IL-1β and anti-PD-1 combination. Therefore, we hypothesize that anti-tumor immune response to the combination of anti-IL-1β and anti-PD-1 antibodies is context-dependent and would be affected by the TME heterogeneity in PDAC.

Methods
Liver- and lung-specific metastasis mouse models of PDAC were used to investigate the antitumor activity of anti-IL-1β and anti-PD-1 antibodies alone or in combination by ultrasound examination and survival analysis. Their effects on the TME heterogeneity were assessed by flow cytometry and single nuclear RNA sequencing.

Results
The combination of anti-IL-1β and anti-PD-1 antibodies does not slow primary tumor growth but prolongs overall survival and reduces lung metastasis rates in a PDAC orthotopic murine model with lung metastasis tropism. In contrast, combination therapy slows primary tumor growth and prolongs survival, but does not reduce liver metastasis rates in a PDAC murine orthotopic model with liver metastasis tropism. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the combination of anti-IL-1β and anti-PD-1 antibodies restores T cell activation negated by the monotherapies. Mechanistically, in the PDAC model with lung metastasis tropism, but not in the model with liver metastasis tropism, combination treatment reverses an increased trend of immunosuppressive myeloid cells as a result of monotherapy. Single-nuclear RNA sequencing analysis of both organ-specific tumor models demonstrated that anti-IL-1β treatment altered infiltration and function of CAF and immune cells differently. Furthermore, anti-IL-1β treatment modulated cytokine/chemokine ligand-receptor-receptor interactions in the models with different organ-specific metastasis distinctly.

Conclusion
This study reveals the differential responses of organ-specific metastasis mouse models of PDAC with distinct TMEs to anti-IL-1β and anti-PD-1 treatments, suggesting that treatment response is context-dependent and affected by TME heterogeneity.
Changes in Physical Performance Following Operational Military Training: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Murray Andy , Fraser John J. , Bazett-Jones David M. , Norte Grant E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
To best simulate armed combat-related emergencies, military personnel undergo operational training that attempts to recreate multiple physical stressors. Understanding the specific aspects of physical performance degradation after operational training helps to better inform future training practices, as these declines translate to real-world operations. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of operational trainings on physical performance metrics in military personnel.

Methods
Six electronic databases were searched for studies that investigated physical performance metrics in active-duty military personnel before and after multiple-day operational training. Sample sizes, means and standard deviations were extracted from included studies, and random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using standardized mean differences (Hedge’s g) with 95% confidence intervals (p ≤ 0.05).

Results
Seventeen studies (N = 1592 participants) were included for final review and grouped by physical performance metric. Meta-analyses revealed a large pre-to-post decline in lower body jump power (n = 4, g = 0.87, 95% CI [0.28, 1.47]), and small declines in short-duration lower body power-jump distance (n = 5, g = 0.39, 95% CI [0.16, 0.63]), upper body endurance (n = 4, g = 0.40, 95% CI [0.09, 0.71]), and core endurance (n = 2, g = 0.46, 95% CI [0.10, 0.82]). Substantial heterogeneity was observed in the included studies (I

2
= 0–91%).

Conclusions
Military operational training temporarily diminishes lower body performance to a greater extent than other constructs. The most consistent findings showed reductions in power production (large magnitude) and muscular endurance (small magnitude), which appear to have implications for military training and risk reduction. In real-world operational applications, reduced power- and endurance-generating capabilities may be detrimental to meeting tactical requirements, making these metrics valuable for military leadership to focus on during personnel training.
ОБ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ И НЕВООБРАЗИМОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МАТЕМАТИКИ
Authors: РЕЗНИКОВ В.М. 
Published: February 2025

Известно утверждение нобелевского лауреата Юджина Вигнера о том, что инвариантность законов в современной физике является гипотетической причиной эффективного применения математики в этой области знания. Он полагал, что адекватность современной математики для описания физического знания имеет статус эмпирического закона эпистемологии. В данной статье с помощью анализа работ в области искусственного интеллекта получено подтверждение гипотезы Вигнера. В качестве примера приводятся работы Дж. Перла, одного из основателей теории базовых концепций искусственного интеллекта, в которых демонстрируется эффективное применение математики для исследования инвариантных закономерностей в информатике, описываемых с помощью причинных отношений
There is a widely known statement of Nobel laureate Eugene Wigner that the invariant character of laws in modern physics is a hypothetical cause of the effective application of mathematics in this field of knowledge. He believed that the adequacy of contemporary mathematics for describing physical knowledge has the status of an empirical law of epistemology. In this article, by analyzing works in the field of artificial intelligence, the author confirmed Wigner’s hypothesis. As an example, the works of Pearl, one of the founders of the theory of artificial intelligence, are mentioned, which demonstrate the effective application of mathematics to the study of invariant regularities in computer science described using causal relationships
МЕТАФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭПИСТЕМОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО ЕСТЕСТВОЗНАНИЯ КЭРОЛ КЛИЛЕНД
Authors: МИРОНОВ В.А. 
Published: February 2025

В статье производится философско-методологический анализ концепции исторического естествознания американской исследовательницы К. Клиленд. По ее мнению, естественные исторические гипотезы, т.е. гипотезы о прошлом природы, могут быть эмпирически доказаны или опровергнуты, однако характер таких эмпирических доказательств имеет существенные отличия от повторяемых экспериментальных верификаций или фальсификаций. Для прояснения своей позиции Клиленд использует понятие «асимметрия сверхдетерминации». Метафизический смысл понятия асимметрии сверхдетерминации в рассмотренной концепции заключается в том, что события в природе развиваются из одного «корня» в направлении постоянного разветвления. В свою очередь, эпистемологический смысл этого понятия выражается в том, что опираясь на метафизические представления о временной асимметрии природы, историки-естественники должны искать общую причину событий через обнаружение оставленных «веских улик» - «дымящихся пистолетов», т.е. свидетельств, которые позволят сделать однозначный выбор между конкурирующими гипотезами.
The article provides a philosophical and methodological analysis of the concept of historical natural science by the American researcher C. Cleland. In her view, natural historical hypotheses, i.e. hypotheses about the past of nature, can be empirically proven or refuted, but the character of such empirical evidence differs significantly from repeated experimental verifications or falsifications. To clarify her position, Cleland uses the notion of “asymmetry of overdetermination”. The metaphysical meaning of the “asymmetry of overdetermination” in the discussed concept is that events in nature develop from one “root” towards constant branching. In turn, the epistemological meaning of this notion is expressed in the fact that, relying on metaphysical ideas about the temporal asymmetry of nature, natural historians should search for a common cause of events through finding “strong evidence” left behind - “smoking guns”, i.e. evidence that will allow a clear choice to be made between competing hypotheses