bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Ionization in the Interaction of Strong Laser Fields with Dense Nanoplasmas
Authors: Hilse P. , Bornath Th. , Moll M. , Schlanges M. , Truong N. X. , Göde S. , Tiggesbäumker J. , Meiwes‐Broer K.‐H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDifferent experimental methods to maximize the yield of highly charged ions in silver and xenon clusters interacting with intense and ultra‐short optical laser pulses are discussed. Theoretically, the interaction of strong laser fields with clusters is investigated within the nanoplasma model. The time evolution of the laser intensity has been parametrized. The free optimization of the parameters with a genetic algorithm is an effective but expensive tool to control the plasma dynamics. Comparison is given to the parametric control method in which pulse separation and relative intensity ratio of double‐pulses are varied. This method delivers in the case of silver and xenon clusters pulses quite close to the optimal pulse shape (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Short History of Phase Transitions in Ionic Fluids
Authors: Schröer W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe paper reviews the development of theory and experiments concerning the nature of the critical point in ionic fluids. Because of the long‐range nature of the Coulomb interactions the possibility of mean‐field critical behaviour was discussed as a possibility. Although some experiments supported mean‐field criticality, simulations on the model fluid of charged hard spheres and later experiments on ionic solutions have shown that phase transition of ionic systems belong to the Ising universality class like phase transitions in non‐ionic fluids. Experiments concerning the crossover from Ising to mean field‐behaviour are discussed as well as systematic differences between the phase behaviour predicted for the model fluid of charged hard spheres and that observed in ionic solutions (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dysphagia in severe anorexia nervosa: A case report
Authors: Holmes Samantha R.M. , Gudridge Tricia A. , Gaudiani Jennifer L. , Mehler Philip S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this case report is to increase awareness among clinicians that oropharyngeal dysphagia occurs in patients with severe anorexia nervosa, placing them at risk for aspiration and impeding nutritional rehabilitation.Method:We describe a patient with severe anorexia nervosa who manifested symptoms of dysphagia, with resultant aspiration pneumonia, at the time of her admission for medical stabilization.Results:The speech pathology team administered dysphagia therapy, using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in conjunction with swallowing therapy. Following the course of dysphagia treatment intervention, the patient was able to tolerate an oral diet with improved swallowing function and no ongoing aspiration.Discussion:Patients with severe anorexia nervosa should be screened for possible dysphagia. NMES in the treatment of dysphagia in patients with anorexia nervosa may reduce the need for enteral feeds and prolonged hospitalization. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2012.
Developmental patterns and family predictors of adolescent weight concerns: A replication and extension
Authors: Lam Chun Bun , McHale Susan M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjective:We examined how weight concerns changed across adolescence and whether within‐person changes in parent–adolescent relationships were longitudinally linked to within‐person changes in adolescent weight concerns.Method:Participants were mothers, fathers, and the two eldest adolescent siblings from 201 families. Adolescents rated their weight concerns on five occasions across 7 years. Parents rated their acceptance of and conflict with their adolescents, and adolescents rated their depressive symptoms, a year prior to each weight concern measurement.Results:Although girls' weight concerns increased from early to late adolescence and then leveled off, boys' weight concerns remained relatively unchanged. Moreover, controlling for adolescents' depressive symptoms, when mothers reported less acceptance of and fathers reported more conflict with their adolescents than usual, adolescents reported more weight concerns than usual in the following year.Discussion:Findings highlight the vulnerability of adolescents and the role of both mothers and fathers in the etiology of weight‐related problems. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2012.
Graphitic Carbon Nanocapsules: Scaled Preparation, Formation Mechanism, and Use as an Excellent Support for Methanol Electro‐oxidation
Authors: Wang Lei , Tian Chungui , Zhang Hongxing , Fu Honggang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGraphitic carbon nanocapsules (GCNs) with high crystallinity and a large specific surface area (SSA) have been prepared in high yield by a solid‐state pyrolysis route using a polyacrylic weak‐base anion‐exchange resin (PAWBA) as the carbon source. A possible mechanism for the formation of the GCNs is proposed based on a series of experiments, including TG, FTIR, Raman, and TEM analyses, as well as on the structure of PAWBA: The catalytic iron particles are surrounded by the active carbon atoms derived from PAWBA during the pyrolytic process, which then escape from thecarbon nanocapsules as the pyrolytic temperature is further increased to finally yield the GCNs. The synthesized GCNs were used as an excellent support of platinumnanoparticles (3–5 nm) for methanol electro‐oxidation. The Pt/GCN electrocatalyst exhibited a higher catalytic activity and better durability towards methanol electro‐oxidation than Pt/C (Vulcan XC‐72R support) and commercial Pt/C(JM) catalysts. The current density of the Pt/GCN catalyst for methanol electro‐oxidation is as high as 275 A/g Pt, whereas for the Pt/C and Pt/C(JM) catalysts the values are only 190 and 184 A/g Pt, respectively.
Polynuclear Copper(I) Complexes with Chelating Bis‐ and Tris‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Catalytic Activity in Nitrene and Carbene Transfer Reactions
Authors: Tubaro Cristina , Biffis Andrea , Gava Riccardo , Scattolin Elena , Volpe Andrea , Basato Marino , Díaz‐Requejo M. Mar , Perez Pedro J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDi‐ and trinuclear complexes of copper(I) bearing bis‐ or tris‐N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands have been prepared and evaluated as catalysts in nitrene transfer reactions from PhI=NTs to unsaturated and saturated substrates (olefin aziridination and C–H bond amidation) and carbene transfer reactions from diazo compounds to olefins. The complexes exhibited moderate‐to‐high catalytic activity in both processes. The tosylamidation of C–H bonds, previously unreported with a NHC‐containing copper catalyst, was promoted by the dinuclear complexes.
Rab25 increases cellular ATP and glycogen stores protecting cancer cells from bioenergetic stress
Authors: Cheng Kwai Wa , Agarwal Roshan , Mitra Shreya , Lee Ju‐Seog , Carey Mark , Gray Joe W. , Mills Gordon B. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCancer cells are metabolically stressed during tumour progression due to limited tumour vascularity and resultant nutrient, growth factor and oxygen deficiency that can induce cell death and inhibit tumour growth. We demonstrate that Rab25, a small GTPase involved in endosomal recycling, that is genomically amplified in multiple tumour lineages, is a key regulator of cellular bioenergetics and autophagy. RAB25 enhanced survival during nutrient stress by preventing apoptosis and autophagy via binding and activating AKT leading to increased glucose uptake and improved cellular bioenergetics. Unexpectedly, Rab25 induced the accumulation of glycogen in epithelial cancer cells, a process not previously identified. Strikingly, an increase in basal ATP levels combined with AKT‐dependent increases in glucose uptake and glycogen storage allowed maintenance of ATP levels during bioenergetic stress. The clinical relevance of these findings was validated by the ability of a Rab25‐dependent expression profile enriched for bioenergetics targets to identify patients with a poor prognosis. Thus, Rab25 is an unexpected regulator of cellular bioenergetics implicated as a useful biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
How does growth temperature affect cadmium toxicity measured on different life history traits in the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans?
Authors: Nørhave Nils J. , Spurgeon David , Svendsen Claus , Cedergreen Nina 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Environmental factors, in particular temperature, have been shown to affect the toxicity of chemicals. In the present study the authors exposed the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to five concentrations of Cd (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg Cd/L agar) at four constant temperatures (11, 15, 18, and 21°C) and monitored survival and reproduction on a daily basis. Data were incorporated in a population matrix model to determine the population growth rate (PGR). An additional experiment at 15 and 20°C and 0, 1, 5, and 10 mg Cd/L was performed to include growth measurements in order to relate changes in reproduction to resource allocations between investments in growth and reproduction. The impacts of Cd on PGR increased with increasing temperature, shifting the median effective concentration (EC50) for PGR from 11.6 ± 5.4 and 9.2 ± 1.3 at 11°C and 15°C, to 2.1 ± 0.1 and 1.7 ± 0.4 at 18°C and 21°C. Cadmium and temperature decreased growth rates, but Cd also increased maturation times and decreased final body size. It is hypothesized that Cd toxicity leads to a decrease in nutrient assimilation and that this “chemical anorexia” is more severe at high temperatures, where energy demands for growth and reproduction are the highest. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:787–793. © 2012 SETAC
A moving mesh algorithm for aero‐thermo‐mechanical modelling in turbomachinery
Authors: Amirante D. , Hills N.J. , Barnes C.J. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThis paper describes the development of a mesh deformation method used for aero‐thermo‐mechanical coupling of turbo‐engine components. The method is based on the nonlinear solution of an elastic medium analogy, solved using finite element discretisation and modified to let the boundary nodes be free to slide over the deflected surfaces. This sliding technique relies on a B‐spline reconstruction of the moving boundary and increases the robustness of the method in situations where the boundary deflection field presents significant gradients or large relative motion between two distinct boundaries. The performance of the method is illustrated with the application to an interstage cavity of a turbine assembly, subjected to the deformations computed by a coupled thermo‐mechanical analysis of the engine component. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subjective memory complaints in general practice predicts future dementia: a 4‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Waldorff Frans Boch , Siersma Volkert , Vogel Asmus , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveMany older patients in general practice have subjective memory complaints (SMC); however, not all share this information with their general practitioner (GP). The association between SMC and future cognitive decline or dementia is not clear, especially in a general practice population. The aim of this study was to determine the risk for receiving a subsequent hospital‐based dementia diagnosis on the basis of patients' reports of SMC in a primary care setting.MethodsProspective cohort survey with 4‐year register‐based follow‐up in general practice. All 17 practices with a total of 24 GPs working in the inner district of Copenhagen municipality, Denmark. A total of 40 865 patients were listed, and 2934 were 65 years or older. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the influence of risk factors for hospital‐based dementia diagnosis.ResultsA total of 758 non‐nursing home residents aged 65 years and older consulted their GP in October and November 2002, and, when asked, 177 (24%) reported memory problems, and 50 (6.6%) received a hospital‐based dementia diagnosis within the 4‐years follow‐up. SMC had an adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) of 2.27 for subsequent dementia diagnosis. Other statistical significant covariates were Mini Mental State Examination < 24 (HR 3.97), age (HR 2.73 for 75–84 years and HR 3.75 for 85+ years) and receiving home care (HR 3.24)ConclusionsThis study indicates that the presence of SMC in an older general practice population is a significant independent predictor for subsequent hospital‐based dementia diagnosis. Thus, the GP could consider inquiring for memory complaints to identify vulnerable older patients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GABAergic contributions to gating, timing, and phase precession of hippocampal neuronal activity during theta oscillations
Authors: Cutsuridis Vassilis , Hasselmo Michael 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSuccessful spatial exploration requires gating, storage, and retrieval of spatial memories in the correct order. The hippocampus is known to play an important role in the temporal organization of spatial information. Temporally ordered spatial memories are encoded and retrieved by the firing rate and phase of hippocampal pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons with respect to ongoing network theta oscillations paced by intra‐ and extrahippocampal areas. Much is known about the anatomical, physiological, and molecular characteristics as well as the connectivity and synaptic properties of various cell types in the hippocampal microcircuits, but how these detailed properties of individual neurons give rise to temporal organization of spatial memories remains unclear. We present a model of the hippocampal CA1 microcircuit based on observed biophysical properties of pyramidal cells and six types of inhibitory interneurons: axo‐axonic, basket, bistratistified, neurogliaform, ivy, and oriens lacunosum‐moleculare cells. The model simulates a virtual rat running on a linear track. Excitatory transient inputs come from the entorhinal cortex (EC) and the CA3 Schaffer collaterals and impinge on both the pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons, whereas inhibitory inputs from the medial septum impinge only on the inhibitory interneurons. Dopamine operates as a gate‐keeper modulating the spatial memory flow to the PC distal dendrites in a frequency‐dependent manner. A mechanism for spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity in distal and proximal PC dendrites consisting of three calcium detectors, which responds to the instantaneous calcium level and its time course in the dendrite, is used to model the plasticity effects. The model simulates the timing of firing of different hippocampal cell types relative to theta oscillations, and proposes functional roles for the different classes of the hippocampal and septal inhibitory interneurons in the correct ordering of spatial memories as well as in the generation and maintenance of theta phase precession of pyramidal cells (place cells) in CA1. The model leads to a number of experimentally testable predictions that may lead to a better understanding of the biophysical computations in the hippocampus and medial septum. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation into the daily precipitation variability in the Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Sang Yan‐Fang , Wang Zhonggen , Li Zongli , Liu Changming , Liu Xiaojie 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this article, by using the daily precipitation data measured at 58 meteorological stations, spatial and temporal variability of daily precipitation including zero rainfall values (called “precipitation”) and without zero rainfall values (called “rain”) and four precipitation extrema (P0, P20, P50, and P100 representing the daily precipitation with the magnitude smaller than 0.1 mm, bigger than 20 mm, 50 mm, and 100 mm per day, respectively) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) during 1958–2007 were analyzed, and the effects of urbanization were further investigated. Results indicate that (i) differing from the downward trends in 1958–1985, daily precipitation and rain in 1986–2007 show slowly downward trends in the mid YRD but show upward trends in the northern and southern YRD. (ii) Spatial and temporal variability of the rain is more complex than daily precipitation. Both of them become smaller but show more obvious fluctuations in 1986–2007. (iii) Urbanizations cause not only the urban rainfall island problem but also more obvious fluctuations of rain intensity in the mid YRD, reflecting more uncertainty of daily precipitation variability. (iv) Urbanizations have little effects on the variability of P0 and P100 but cause notable increases of P20 and P50. (v) The spatial variability of daily precipitation and precipitation extrema in 1958–1985 clearly shows a breakpoint at 30°20′N latitude, but the breakpoint disappears afterward because of the effects of urbanization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the rainfall–runoff process of the Mara River basin using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool
Authors: Dessu Shimelis Behailu , Melesse Assefa M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe delicate balance between human utilization and sustaining its pristine biodiversity in the Mara River basin (MRB) is being threatened because of the expansion of agriculture, deforestation, human settlement, erosion and sedimentation and extreme flow events. This study assessed the applicability of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for long‐term rainfall–runoff simulation in MRB. The possibilities of combining/extending gage rainfall data with satellite rainfall estimates were investigated. Monthly satellite rainfall estimates not only overestimated but also lacked the variability of observed rainfall to substitute gage rainfall in model simulation. Uncertainties related to the quality and availability of input data were addressed. Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis was reported for alternative model components and hydrologic parameters used in SWAT. Mean sensitivity indices of SWAT parameters in MRB varied with and without observed discharge data. The manual assessment of individual parameters indicated heterogeneous response among sub‐basins of MRB. SWAT was calibrated and validated with 10 years of discharge data at Bomet (Nyangores River), Mulot (Amala River) and Mara Mines (Mara River) stations. Model performance varied from satisfactory at Mara Mines to fair at Bomet and weak at Mulot. The (Nash–Sutcliff efficiency, coefficient of determination) results of calibration and validation at Mara Mines were (0.68, 0.69) and (0.43, 0.44), respectively. Two years of moving time window and flow frequency analysis showed that SWAT performance in MRB heavily relied on quality and abundance of discharge data. Given the 5.5% area contribution of Amala sub‐basin as well as uncertainty and scarcity of input data, SWAT has the potential to simulate the rainfall runoff process in the MRB. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“First‐Principles” kinetic monte carlo simulations revisited: CO oxidation over RuO2(110)
Authors: Hess Franziska , Farkas Attila , Seitsonen Ari P. , Over Herbert 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFirst principles‐based kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations are performed for the CO oxidation on RuO2(110) under steady‐state reaction conditions. The simulations include a set of elementary reaction steps with activation energies taken from three different ab initio density functional theory studies. Critical comparison of the simulation results reveals that already small variations in the activation energies lead to distinctly different reaction scenarios on the surface, even to the point where the dominating elementary reaction step is substituted by another one. For a critical assessment of the chosen energy parameters, it is not sufficient to compare kMC simulations only to experimental turnover frequency (TOF) as a function of the reactant feed ratio. More appropriate benchmarks for kMC simulations are the actual distribution of reactants on the catalyst's surface during steady‐state reaction, as determined by in situ infrared spectroscopy and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy, and the temperature dependence of TOF in the from of Arrhenius plots. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decrement of cellulose recalcitrance by treatment with ionic liquid (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate) as a strategy to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Xiros Charilaos , Vafiadi Christina , Topakas Evangelos , Christakopoulos Paul 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The high crystallinity of cellulose underlies the recalcitrance that this polymer presents in enzymatic degradation. Thus, a pre‐treatment step is applied in most bioconversion processes. Treatments with ionic liquids are considered an emerging pre‐treatment technology, owing to their high efficiency in solvating cellulose, over molecular solvent systems.RESULTS: Crystalline cellulose with and without ionic liquid (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate) treatment, both commercially available, were used as substrates in enzymatic hydrolysis reactions using the earlier evaluated cellulolytic system of Fusarium oxysporum. The in situ removal of the hydrolysate during reactions enhanced the reaction rate as well as the overall glucose production. Ionic liquid treatment significantly decreased cellulose crystallinity and enhanced bioconversion yields and rates. The effects of cellulose structural changes during treatment on hydrolysis rate were investigated and the recalcitrance constants were determined.CONCLUSION: The study showed that ionic liquid‐treated cellulose became more homogeneous and more easily degradable than the untreated cellulose, a conclusion that was expressed mathematically by the difference in the recalcitrance constants for the two substrates. It was concluded that glucose production from ionic liquid‐treated cellulose could achieve very high conversion yields in consolidated bioprocesses or during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetic study on biphasic recognition chiral extraction for separation of α‐cyclohexyl‐mandelic acid enantiomers
Authors: Tang Kewen , Li Hongjian , Zhang Panliang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Chiral solvent extraction is a potentially attractive chiral separation technique. It is essential to know the intrinsic complexation kinetics for selection, design and operation of reactive extraction equipment and for reliable scale‐up. The objective of this research is to study the kinetics of biphasic recognition chiral extraction of α‐cyclohexyl‐mandelic acid (α‐CHMA) enantiomers using a modified Lewis cell.RESULTS: The experimental results demonstrate that the extraction reaction kinetics is fast, and the reactions are first order with respect to α‐CHMA and second order with respect to D‐IBTA, with forward rate constants of 6.54 × 10−4 mol−2 m6 s−1 for S‐α‐CHMA and 6.84 × 10−4 mol−2 m6 s−1 for R‐α‐CHMA. With increase of HP‐β‐CD concentration in aqueous phase, enantioselectivity increases, while the overall mass transfer coefficients decrease.CONCLUSIONS: Sufficient enantioselectivity and fast kinetics of extraction can be obtained in the BRCE system at HP‐β‐CD concentration of 0.1 mol L−1 and D‐IBTA concentration of 0.2 mol L−1. These data will be useful in the design of extraction processes. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Facial vein aneurysm associated with sialadenitis
Authors: Ilica Ahmet Turan , Senturk Senem , Kertmen Mustafa , Bukte Yasar , Bilici Aslan , Atasoy Mehmet Mahir 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA 20 year‐old man presented with pain and swelling of the left submandibular area. Neck sonography revealed enlargement of the submandibular gland, coarsening of its echotexture with a few calculi and a multiloculated cystic lesion. Doppler sonography revealed venous flow within the cystic lesion and aneurysmal dilatation of the adjacent facial vein. CT angiography confirmed the facial vein aneurysm. We hypothesize that inflammation of the gland had weakened the wall of the adjacent facial vein, causing aneurysmal dilatation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012