bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A literature review on fatigue among older people in pain: prevalence and predictors
Authors: Jakobsson Ulf 
Published: September 2010

Objective.  The aim of the study was to survey existing research about fatigue among older people with chronic non‐malignant pain.Method.  A structured literature review was carried out using the Medline database. The terms ‘fatigue’ and ‘tiredness’ were used synonymously. These subject headings were combined with pain. A literature search was made in 2004 and included articles back to 1995.Results.  The review of studies from the last decade resulted in 11 articles of relevance. The result showed that fatigue was common among older people and even more common among those in pain. However, there was discordance regarding the prevalence, and the figures ranged from 30% to 98%. Fatigue was found to be associated above all with pain, functional limitations/functioning, and low quality of life. No articles were found focusing on interventions against fatigue.Conclusions.  Fatigue is common in old age and even more common when people are in pain. However, knowledge seems to be sparse especially regarding interventions in daily care. Thus, more studies are needed that focus on fatigue to get firm evidence about the prevalence among older people in pain. In addition, studies about interventions against fatigue are urgently needed so that the care of older people can include actions against fatigue and to improve quality of life.Relevance to clinical practice.  It is of importance that fatigue is not ignored in the care of older people. By intervening against symptoms such as fatigue it will most likely ease the pain and improve quality of life.
The Effects of Presalting Methods from Injection to Pickling, on the Yields of Heavily Salted Cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Thorarinsdottir Kristin Anna , Arason Sigurjon , Thorkelsson Gudjon , Sigurgisladottir Sjofn , Tornberg Eva 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  The production of heavy‐salted cod (Bacalao) has changed from being a single‐step process (kench) salting to a multistep procedure varying between producers and countries. Presalting by injection, brining, or pickling is increasingly applied prior to pile (dry) salting. This article describes the effects of different presalting methods (injection and brining, brining only, and pickling) on yield and chemical composition of salted cod fillets, in comparison to a single‐kench salting step. The procedures used influenced the weight yields and chemical composition of the products. Injection was significantly different from other methods in increasing weight yields throughout brining, dry salting, and rehydration. The yield of nitrogenous compounds tended to be lower for injected and brine‐salted fillets, mainly due to higher losses of nonprotein nitrogen.Practical Application:  Salting procedures for cod have changed rapidly in recent years. Injection is increasingly used as a presalting method. It has been suggested to have strong effects on weight yields of salted cod products. This article describes the effects of injection on weight yields on products in salted, rehydrated, and cooked stage.
Oral Feeding of Pomegranate Fruit Extract Inhibits Early Biomarkers of UVB Radiation‐induced Carcinogenesis in SKH‐1 Hairless Mouse Epidermis
Authors: Afaq Farrukh , Khan Naghma , Syed Deeba N. , Mukhtar Hasan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPomegranate from the plantPunica granatumL. possesses strong antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. Recently, we have demonstrated that treatment of normal human epidermal keratinocytes with pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) inhibited UVB‐mediated activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and mitogen activated protein kinases pathways. Here, we evaluated the effect of PFE on early biomarkers of photocarcinogenesis employing SKH‐1 hairless mice. PFE was provided in drinking water (0.2%, wt/vol) to SKH‐1 hairless mice for 14 days before a single UVB (180 mJ cm−2) irradiation. We found that oral feeding of PFE inhibited UVB‐induced: (1) skin edema; (2) hyperplasia; (3) infiltration of leukocytes; (4) lipid peroxidation; (5) hydrogen peroxide generation; (6) ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity; and (7) ODC, cyclooxygenase‐2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expression. Oral feeding of PFE enhanced repair of UVB‐mediated formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxodG). Importantly, PFE treatment further enhanced UVB‐mediated increase in tumor suppressor p53 and cyclin kinase inhibitor p21. Furthermore, oral feeding of PFE inhibited UVB‐mediated: (1) nuclear translocation of NF‐κB; (2) activation of IKKα; and (3) phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. Taken together, we provide evidence that oral feeding of PFE to mice affords substantial protection from the adverse effects of UVB radiationviamodulation in early biomarkers of photocarcinogenesis and provide suggestion for its photochemopreventive potential.
Effect of a phyto‐compound on delayed gastric emptying in functional dyspepsia: A randomized‐controlled study
Authors: METUGRIACHUK Yussef , MAROTTA Francesco , KUROI Ojime , TSUCHIYA Junji , GOH Khean‐Lee , MINELLI Emilio , KAWAKITA Satoru. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE:  The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of a hydro‐alcoholic solution of a phytocompound based on Gentianae, Cinchonae, Absinthii and Cinnamomi on gastric emptying in Helicobacter pylori‐negative dyspeptic patients.METHODS:  The study group consisted of 24 patients with a diagnosis of long‐standing dismotility‐like functional dyspepsia. All patients were devoid of any major past or ongoing disease and dyspepsia‐associated diseases were excluded. After a 2‐week wash out period, the patients were randomized to a 2‐week treatment in which they were given 20 gtt of the compound 30 min before meals. At the beginning and end of the study, a gastric emptying test was performed by a paracetamol absorption test using a standard meal. The global symptom index (GSI) was assessed daily by a validated questionnaire.RESULTS:  Treatment with the phytocompound significantly improved the gastric emptying test (P < 0.01) which was delayed in dyspeptic patients as well as GSI (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:  This phytocompound might be an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of dismotility‐like dyspepsia.
Suppression of growth of pancreatic cancer cell and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor by gene silencing with RNA interference
Authors: WANG Jian , SHI Yu Qian , YI Jing , YE Shuang , WANG Li Min , XU Yan Ping , HE Min , KONG Xian Ming 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE:  To explore the anti‐angiogenesis and tumor cell growth suppressive effects resulted from gene silencing by RNAi in BxPC‐3 human pancreatic cancer cells.METHODS:  The designation and transfection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐siRNA lentivirus was carried out in vitro. Real‐time PCR and western blot were conducted to measure the expression levels of VEGF mRNA and protein. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate cell apoptosis and cell death. A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of VEGF‐siRNA. A 3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to picture the cellular growth. For the in vivo study, BxPC‐3 cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice to form xenografts. The mice were divided into three groups according to the intervention used. The control group, the negative control group and the knockdown group of mice were injected with saline, an empty lentivirus vehicle and lentivirus carrying VEGF‐siRNA, respectively. None of the mice died during the study. When these mice were killed, the xenografts were collected and the tumor sizes of the different groups were compared. Finally, immunohistochemistry was used to assess the VEGF expression level and microvascular density.RESULTS:  After the transfection of VEGF‐siRNA lentivirus, the cellular expression of VEGF mRNA decreased to 50% of the control and the VEGF protein in the BxPC‐3 cells decreased to 30% of the control. Apoptosis and cell death increased after transfection of the VEGF‐siRNA lentivirus. The LDH assay showed high cytotoxicity induced by VEGF‐siRNA lentivirus transfection. The MTT assay showed slower cellular growth in the knockdown cells. Tumor growth suppression was observed in nude mice that had received the VEGF‐siRNA lentivirus transfection, and the tumor sizes of the xenografts in this group were clearly smaller than those in other two groups. VEGF expression and microvascular density were significantly decreased.CONCLUSION:  Vascular endothelial growth factor gene silencing via VEGF‐siRNA can effectively inhibit the production of VEGF and exert an anti‐angiogenesis and tumor cell growth suppressive effect both in vitro and in vivo.
Attitudes and practices of nurses on a pediatric cancer and stem cell transplant ward: adaptation of an oral care protocol
Authors: Tewogbade Adesegun , FitzGerald Kirsten , Prachyl Dianna , Zurn Derek , Wilson Carolyn 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated nurses' current practices and understanding of oral health for hematology and oncology patients. A written questionnaire administered to 33 nurses on the pediatric cancer and blood disorders unit of Children's Medical Center of Dallas included questions on oral evaluation, oral hygiene, and case‐based questions. Information gathered was used to develop an oral care protocol.The study found that nurses were proficient in diagnosing obvious conditions including mucositis and pseudomembranous candidiasis, but they were less than proficient when diagnosing less easily recognizable conditions such as xerostomia. The nurses were found to have inadequate knowledge of the treatment and oral hygiene protocols for conditions that they could and could not diagnose. The protocol based on the questionnaire results included information gathering, oral hygiene protocol, evaluation of viral infection, evaluation of fungal infection, oral assessment guide, and treatment protocol.Through information gathering, an oral health care policy may be developed and implemented to aid in the treatment of children undergoing care for malignancies.
Topical minocycline for managing symptoms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Gorsky Meir , Epstein Joel , Raviv Alon , Yaniv Roni , Truelove Edmond 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTRecurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common ulcerative condition of the oral mucosa. In this study, minocycline oral rinses were compared to a placebo in patients suffering from frequent episodes of RAS. Thirty‐three patients with RAS were randomly allocated to topical therapy with 0.2% minocycline or a placebo aqueous solution mouthwash. Seven patients also participated in a blind crossover study. The intensity of pain was recorded daily using a visual analogue scale.Minocycline mouthwashes resulted in significant reduction in the severity and duration of pain due to RAS. The findings in the subgroup that participated in the crossover were consistent with outcomes in the randomized study.The findings of this study show that minocycline oral rinses reduce pain in patients with RAS and may have implications for the use of minocycline in other non‐infectious inflammatory ulcerative oral mucosal diseases.
Naltrexone Depot Formulations for Opioid and Alcohol Dependence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lobmaier Philipp P. , Kunøe Nikolaj , Gossop Michael , Waal Helge 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYNaltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist that blocks the reinforcing effects of opioids and reduces alcohol consumption and craving. It has no abuse potential, mild and transient side effects, and thus appears an ideal pharmacotherapy for opioid dependence. Its effectiveness in alcohol dependence is less evident, but compliance with naltrexone combined with psychosocial support has been repeatedly shown to improve drinking outcomes. Limited compliance with oral naltrexone treatment is a known drawback. Several naltrexone implant and injectable depot formulations are being investigated and provide naltrexone release for at least 1 month. Studies among opioid‐dependent patients indicate significant reductions in heroin use, but sample sizes are usually small. In alcohol dependence, two large multicenter trials report alcohol and craving reductions for naltrexone and placebo groups, indicating a significant but moderate effect. The pharmacokinetic profile of the injectable formulation indicates reliable naltrexone release over 1 month at therapeutic levels. Implant formulations releasing naltrexone up to 7 months are reported. Findings on safety and tolerability confirm the generally mild adverse effects described for naltrexone tablets. However, further research on therapeutic levels (i.e., opioid blocking) is warranted. The majority of naltrexone implants lacks approval for regular clinical use and larger longitudinal studies are needed. The available naltrexone depot formulations have the potential to significantly improve medication compliance in opioid and alcohol dependence. In certain circumstances, they may constitute a promising new treatment option.
Efficacy of pioglitazone on glycemic control and carotid intima‐media thickness in type 2 diabetes patients with inadequate insulin therapy
Authors: Yasunari Eisuke , Takeno Kageumi , Funayama Hideaki , Tomioka Setsuko , Tamaki Motoyuki , Fujitani Yoshio , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka , Hirose Takahisa 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAims/Introduction:  The present study was designed to determine the effects of pioglitazone on glycemic control and atherosclerosis in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy.Materials and Methods:  The study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial involving 48 patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes treated with insulin. We assigned patients to oral pioglitazone titrated from 15–30 mg (n = 22) or no pioglitazone (n = 26), to be taken in addition to their glucose‐lowering drugs and other medications. Daily insulin doses and numbers were recorded during the study period.Results:  The adjusted mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values decreased significantly by 1.13 ± 1.50% and 0.55 ± 0.76% in the pioglitazone and control groups, respectively. Significant decrease of HbA1c level was observed in the pioglitazone group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The insulin dose lowered by 0.04 ± 0.10 units/kg/day in the pioglitazone group and increased by 0.03 ± 0.10 units/kg/day in the control group (P < 0.05). The number of insulin injections decreased by 0.1 ± 0.6 times/day in the pioglitazone group and increased by 0.2 ± 0.4 times/day in the control group (P < 0.05). The carotid intima‐media thickness estimated by B‐mode echography was carried out in both groups and decreased significantly at the end‐point only in the pioglitazone group, relative to the baseline.Conclusions:  These findings show that pioglitazone is useful in improving glycemic control and preventing the progression of atherosclerosis in poorly‐controlled type 2 diabetics on insulin therapy. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2010.00064.x, 2010)
Lipopolysaccharide as an Antigen Target for the Formulation of a Universal Vaccine againstEscherichia coliO111 Strains
Authors: Santos Maurílio F. , New Roger R. C. , Andrade Gabrielle R. , Ozaki Christiane Y. , Sant'Anna Osvaldo A. , Mendonça-Previato Lucia , Trabulsi Luis R. , Domingos Marta O. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTA promising approach to developing a vaccine against O111 strains of diarrheagenicEscherichia colithat exhibit different mechanisms of virulence is to target either the core or the polysaccharide chain (O antigen) of their lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, due to structural variations found in both these LPS components, to use them as antigen targets for vaccination, it is necessary to formulate a vaccine able to induce a humoral immune response that can recognize all different variants found inE. coliO111 strains. In this study, it was demonstrated that, despite differences in composition of oligosaccharide repeat units between O111ab and O111ac LPS subtypes, antibodies against one O111 subtype can recognize and inhibit the adhesion to human epithelial cells of all categories of O111E. coli(enteropathogenicE. coli[EPEC], enterohemorrhagicE. coli[EHEC], and enteroaggregativeE. coli[EAEC]) strains regardless of the nature of their flagellar antigens, mechanisms of virulence, or O111 polysaccharide subtypes. These antibodies were also able to increase the clearance of different strains of O111E. coliby macrophages. PCR analyses of the pathways involved in O111 LPS core biosynthesis showed that all EAEC strains have core type R2, whereas typical EPEC and EHEC have core type R3. In contrast, atypical EPEC strains have core types R2 and R3. In summary, the results presented herein indicate that the O111 polysaccharide and LPS core types R2 and R3 are antigen targets for panspecific immunotherapy against all categories of O111E. coli.
Multiplex Detection of IgM and IgG Class Antibodies toToxoplasma gondii, Rubella Virus, and Cytomegalovirus Using a Novel Multiplex Flow Immunoassay
Authors: Binnicker M. J. , Jespersen D. J. , Harring J. A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to evaluate the BioPlex 2200Toxoplasma, rubella, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) (ToRC) IgG and IgM multiplex immunoassays (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) and compare the results to those of conventional testing by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA). Serum specimens (n= 600) submitted for routine ToRC IgG and IgM testing by EIA (SeraQuest, Doral, FL; Diamedix, Miami, FL) or ELFA (Vidas; bioMérieux, Durham, NC) were also tested by the BioPlex ToRC multiplex immunoassays. Samples showing discordant results were retested by both methods, with further discrepancies being arbitrated by a third assay. Following repeat testing, the BioPlexToxoplasma, rubella, and CMV IgG assays demonstrated agreements of 98.7 (592/600 specimens), 93.3 (560/600 specimens), and 98.3% (590/600 specimens), respectively, while the ToRC IgM assays yielded agreements of 91.2 (547/600 specimens), 87.3 (524/600 specimens), and 95.2% (571/600 specimens), respectively. The BioPlex ToRC IgG assays provided results comparable to EIA/ELFA results, with kappa coefficients showing near-perfect agreement for theToxoplasma(κ = 0.94) and CMV (κ = 0.97) IgG assays and substantial agreement for the rubella IgG assay (κ = 0.66). The BioPlex ToRC IgM assays showed lower specificity with only slight agreement forToxoplasmaIgM (κ = 0.07), poor agreement for rubella IgM (κ = −0.03), and moderate agreement for CMV IgM (κ = 0.55). Both the BioPlex IgG and IgM assays reduced turnaround time (1.7 h versus 5.5 h by EIA/ELFA for 100 specimens) and eliminated the necessity to manually pipette or aliquot specimens prior to testing.
Vancomycin MIC for Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative
Staphylococcus
Isolates: Evaluation of the Broth Microdilution and Etest Methods
Authors: Paiva Rodrigo M. , Mombach Pinheiro Machado Alice B. , Zavascki Alexandre P. , Barth Afonso L. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT
Vancomycin MIC results were determined by the broth microdilution (BMD) method and by Etest using 130 methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus bloodstream isolates obtained from a tertiary hospital. The majority (98.5%) of MIC results determined by BMD were ≤1 μg/ml, in contrast to MIC results determined by Etest (72.3% were ≥1.5 μg/ml). The MICs obtained by Etest were, in general, 1- to 2-fold higher than the MICs obtained by BMD.
Evaluation of the DiversiLab System for Detection of Hospital Outbreaks of Infections by Different Bacterial Species
Authors: Fluit A. C. , Terlingen A. M. , Andriessen L. , Ikawaty R. , van Mansfeld R. , Top J. , Cohen Stuart J. W. , Leverstein-van Hall M. A. , Boel C. H. E. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Many bacterial typing methods are specific for one species only, time-consuming, or poorly reproducible. DiversiLab (DL; bioMérieux) potentially overcomes these limitations. In this study, we evaluated the DL system for the identification of hospital outbreaks of a number bacterial species. Appropriately typed clinical isolates were tested with DL. DL typing agreed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for
Acinetobacter
(
n
= 26) and
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
(
n
= 13) isolates. With two exceptions, DL typing of
Klebsiella
isolates (
n
= 23) also correlated with PFGE, and in addition, PFGE-nontypeable (PFGE-NT) isolates could be typed.
Enterobacter
(
n
= 28) results also correlated with PFGE results; also, PFGE-NT isolates could be clustered. In a larger study (
n
= 270), a cluster of 30 isolates was observed that could be subdivided by PFGE. The results for
Escherichia coli
(
n
= 38) correlated less well with an experimental multilocus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) scheme.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(
n
= 52) showed only a limited number of amplification products for most isolates. When multiple
Pseudomonas
isolates were assigned to a single type in DL, all except one showed multiple multilocus sequence types. Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
generally also showed a limited number of amplification products. Isolates that belonged to different outbreaks by other typing methods, including PFGE,
spa
typing, and MLVA, were grouped together in a number of cases. For
Enterococcus faecium
, the limited variability of the amplification products obtained made interpretation difficult and correlation with MLVA and
esp
gene typing was poor. All of the results are reflected in Simpson's index of diversity and adjusted Rand's and Wallace's coefficients. DL is a useful tool to help identify hospital outbreaks of
Acinetobacter
spp.,
S. maltophilia
, the
Enterobacter cloacae
complex,
Klebsiella
spp., and, to a somewhat lesser extent,
E. coli
. In our study, DL was inadequate for
P. aeruginosa
,
E. faecium
, and MRSA. However, it should be noted that for the identification of outbreaks, epidemiological data should be combined with typing results.
Broad Detection of Diverse H5 and H7 Hemagglutinin Genes of Avian Influenza Viruses by Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Using Primer and Probe Sets Containing Mixed Bases
Authors: Tsukamoto Kenji , Noguchi Daigo , Suzuki Koutaro , Shishido Makiko , Ashizawa Takayoshi , Kim Min-Chul , Lee Youn-Jeong , Tada Tatsuya 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT
Real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was developed for broad detection of diverse H5 and H7 genes in Eurasian and American lineages of avian influenza viruses by using primer and probe sets containing mixed bases. Optimal use of the mixed bases enabled us to minimize sequence mismatches and to broaden the gene detection spectrum without decreasing sensitivity.
Real-Time Analysis of Mucosal Flora in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in India
Authors: Verma Ravi , Verma Anil Kumar , Ahuja Vineet , Paul Jaishree 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT
Mucosa-associated bacterial flora from control individuals and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients were evaluated by real-time analysis using 16S rRNA-based genus-specific primers. Our data show a clear delineation in concentration of bacteria between the predominating and subdominating genera under disease conditions, indicating that the subsets of bacteria participating in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are likely to be different.