bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine-learning phenotyping of patients with functional mitral regurgitation undergoing transcatheter edge-to-edge repair - the MITRA-AI study
Authors: D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Angelini Filippo , Pancotti Corrado , Bocchino Pier Paolo , Giannini Cristina , Finizio Filippo , Adamo Marianna , Camman Victoria , Morici Nuccia , Perl Leor , Muscoli Saverio , Crimi Gabriele , Boretto Paolo , de Filippo Ovidio , Baldetti Luca , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Conrotto Federico , Petronio Sonia , Giordano Arturo , Estévez-Loureiro Rodrigo , Stolfo Davide , Templin Christian , Chiarito Mauro , Cavallone Elena , Dusi Veronica , Alunni Gianluca , Oreglia Jacopo , Iannaccone Mario , Pocar Marco , Pagnesi Matteo , Pidello Stefano , Kornowski Ran , Fariselli Piero , Frea Simone , la Torre Michele , Raineri Claudia , Patti Giuseppe , Porto Italo , Montefusco Antonio , Raposeiras Roubin Sergio , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Severe functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) may benefit from mitral Transcathter Edge to Egde Repair (TEER), but selection of patients remains to be optimised.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to use Machine-Learning (ML) approaches to uncover concealed connections between clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic data associated with patients’ outcomes.

Methods
Consecutive patients undergoing TEER from 2009 to 2020 were included in the MITRA-AI registry. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalisation at one year. External validation was performed on the Mitrascore cohort.

Results
822 patients were included. The composite primary endpoint occurred in 250 (30%) patients. Four clusters with decreasing risk of the primary endpoint were identified (42%, 37%, 25% and 20% from cluster 1 to cluster 4, respectively). Clusters were combined into a high-risk (clusters 1 and 2) and a low-risk phenotype (clusters 3 and 4). High-risk phenotype patients had larger LVs (&gt; 107 ml/m2), lower LVEF (&lt; 35%) and more prevalent ischemic aetiology compared to low-risk phenotype patients. Within low.risk groups, permanent atrial fibrillation amplified that of HF hospitalizations. In the Mitrascore cohort, the incidence of the primary endpoint was 48%, 52%, 35% and 42% across clusters.

Conclusions
A ML analysis identified meaningful clinical phenotypic presentations in FMR undergoing TEER, with significant differences in terms of cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalizations, confirmed in an external validation cohort.
Caring for people with dementia: Mapping the experience and journey from diagnosis
Authors: Brookman Ruth , Lipson-Smith Ruby , Maurice Olivia , Mcllwain Nina , Hofstaetter Lukas , DiGiacomo Michelle , Ní Chróinín Danielle , Cannings Madeleine J , Harris Celia B 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Family care partners of people with dementia are not typically the focus of healthcare and aged care providers. They experience unmet needs, missed opportunities for support, and barriers to wellbeing that impact the dyad. This longitudinal study aimed to understand the experience of care partners, mapping their journey as they navigated healthcare and aged care systems as well as other supports.

Research Design and Methods
Fifteen family care partners participated in this longitudinal, qualitative study. For 6 months they recorded details (provider, date, purpose, outcome, and satisfaction rating) of interactions with health and aged care services. Monthly semi-structured interviews reviewed experiences, prompted by logbooks. Thematic analysis identified factors that influenced care partners’ experiences and mapped the typical journey.

Results
Data indicated that participants’ needs fluctuated with three key time points of heightened need: dementia diagnosis, in-home care, and transition into residential care. Thematic analysis identified three corresponding themes of carer need and risk: ‘psychological support/ distress’, ‘social connection/social isolation’, and ‘knowledge/disempowerment'.

Discussion and Implications
Findings suggest a critical role of time in dementia care journeys, impacting the support that care partners need from healthcare and aged care systems. The potentially foreseeable, time-based nature of unmet needs suggests that education and training can highlight needs for knowledge, support, and connection, and the importance of prioritising them differentially according to the stages of the carer journey.
Safety using public buses in naturally occurring retirement communities: An exploratory study in two North American cities
Authors: Chippendale Tracy , Sangrar Ruheena , Rotenberg Shlomit , Curl Angela , Baig Natisha , Suzuki Lisa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Safe community mobility is critical to support aging-in-place. For older adults living in low-and moderate-income urban settings, driving may not be an option due to costs associated with car ownership or a lack of driving history. Some older adults retire from driving due to changes in their health. Public transportation is critical to support community engagement. However, little is known about transportation challenges in naturally occurring retirement communities (NORC). Therefore, the purpose of this Ecological theory informed study was to explore supports and limitations regarding safe public bus use in NORCs.

Research Design and Methods
A multiple qualitative case study design was used with purposive sampling of representative cases consisting of four bus routes in NORC neighborhoods. Field observations and in-depth semi-structed interviews were conducted. Participants were: 1) Age 60 and older 2) English speaking 3) Ride the bus on average 2 or more times per month 4) Ambulatory with or without a walking aid and 5) Residents of one of the four NORC neighborhoods. A descriptive, thematic approach was used for data coding and analyses, and data was organized according to the Framework Method.

Results
Seventeen NORC residents were interviewed, and 45 hours of field observations were conducted. Results revealed four major themes: Impact of other people’s behavior, Obstructed passageways, Older riders impact their own safety, and Space and time orientation. Several subthemes were also uncovered.

Discussion and Implications
Results suggest education and policy changes are needed to increase the safety of older adults who use public buses.
Multiple defense is an effective antipredator strategy in dinoflagellates
Authors: Park Gihong , Dam Hans G 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Phytoplankton have evolved myriad defenses against predators, yet studies that simultaneously test for defense fitness costs and benefits are rare. We tested for relative fitness costs and benefits of defense in the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella using a framework that relates growth rates of prey genotypes (strains) that differed in constitutive toxin production (low, moderate, and high) to predator (copepod) concentration. Our approach is based on a novel molecular technique that allows one to disentangle the effect of predation mortality from the cell growth reduction due to toxin production. Results show that the strain with the highest constitutive toxin production was the only one that expressed inducible toxin production– a strategy that paid off as its fitness benefit outweighed its cost. Surprisingly, the moderate toxin strain that derived the highest relative fitness benefit increased cell division rate (akin to compensatory growth) and decreased cell size, while keeping its volume-specific toxin production constant in response to predation. These results suggest an effective antipredator defense portfolio.
Determination of tramadol and its metabolite O-desmethyltramadol in vitreous humor. Is it helpful in forensic casework?
Authors: Vasileiou Kalliopi , Nikolaou Panagiota , Dona Artemisia , Papadodima Stavroula , Athanaselis Sotirios , Spiliopoulou Chara , Papoutsis Ioannis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest on the use of alternative biological materials in forensic toxicology. Vitreous humor is one of them, which, due to the closed cavity it is contained, has a low degree of contamination and high purity that makes it ideal for use in post-mortem specimens. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of tramadol and its active metabolite O-desmethyltramadol in vitreous humor and the usefulness of using this alternative biological matrix in tramadol-related forensic cases. For this purpose, a GC/MS method for the determination of the two analytes in blood and vitreous humor samples, which included solid phase extraction and derivatization using N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with 1% trimethylsilyl chloride, was developed. The method was fully validated according to international guidelines and was applied to blood and vitreous humor samples from 12 forensic cases. Both substances were found to be readily distributed in vitreous humor, since even in cases of very low concentrations of the analytes in blood, their detection was also possible in vitreous humor. In addition, the vitreous humor to blood concentration ratios were calculated for both substances and the mean values were found to be 0.91 for tramadol and 0.94 for O-desmethyltramadol. The results of our study indicate that the information that can be extracted from the analysis of vitreous humor samples is particularly useful during the investigation of tramadol related cases. Nevertheless, the need for further study of this alternative material to establish therapeutic and toxic limits becomes apparent.
Decision Tree Ensembles for Automatic Spectroscopic Classification of Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Humpe Andreas , Mazzali Paolo A , Gal-Yam Avishay , Siekmann Ivo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The principal objective of this study was to develop a reliable model for the automatic classification of tidal disruption events (TDEs) using spectroscopic data. A total of 147 TDE spectra and 3,626 spectra of various supernova types and AGNs were included in the data, sourced from PESSTO-SSDR1-4. An ensemble learning approach was employed using bagging with decision trees as base learners, optimized through cost-sensitive analysis and Bayesian hyperparameter tuning. A high test accuracy of 97.67%, with balanced precision and recall, was achieved by the optimized model. To enhance TDE detection, a dynamic threshold adjustment was applied, prioritizing recall, which increased from 47.22% to 83.33%. Most TDEs were correctly identified due to this adjustment, with a reduction in precision from 85.00% to 22.22% and a decrease in overall accuracy from 97.67% to 88.23%, reflecting the prioritization of recall over precision. Relative to their occurrence in our dataset, SN IIn, SN IIP, SN II, and AGNs are the most likely objects to be misclassified as TDEs. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology in accurately classifying TDEs while managing the rate of false positives is demonstrated by these results. This approach is particularly valuable in TDE detection, where minimizing false negatives is crucial to ensuring these rare events are not missed. The potential of ensemble learning, combined with cost-sensitive analysis and threshold optimization, in handling datasets in astrophysical research is highlighted by the study, offering a robust tool for future TDE classifications. The proposed method could be particularly beneficial for upcoming large-scale surveys.
Statistical selection of high-redshift, neutral-hydrogen-rich, lensed galaxies with the Square Kilometre Array
Authors: Button Charissa B , Deane Roger P 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Deep wide spectral line surveys with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will expand the cosmic frontiers of neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) in galaxies. However, at cosmologically significant redshifts ($z \gtrsim 0.5$), detections will typically be spatially unresolved and limited to the highest mass systems. Gravitational lensing could potentially alleviate these limitations, enabling lower mass systems to be studied at higher redshift and spatially resolved dynamical studies of some H i discs. Additionally, lensed H i systems would select foreground dark matter haloes using a different, more extended baryonic tracer compared to other lens surveys. This may result in a wider selected range of foreground dark matter halo properties, such as the concentration parameter. This paper uses the distortion of the observed H i mass function produced by strong gravitational lensing to find a flux density criterion for selecting lensed H i sources in future SKA-Mid spectral line surveys. This selection approach could yield lensed H i source densities in the range of ${\sim} 0.1$–10 galaxies per square degree out to a redshift of $z \simeq 3$ covered by SKA-MID Band 1. Although the sample sizes are modest, even with the proposed SKA-Mid surveys, the selection approach is straightforward and should have a 50 per cent efficiency without any additional information, such as low-impact-factor or lower redshift massive galaxies. The efficiency of selecting high-redshift, neutral-hydrogen-rich, lensed galaxies should then be greatly enhanced by using SKA-MID data in concert with the Vera C. Rubin Large Survey of Space and Time.
Charge separation state carrier storage-triggered thermally activated delayed phosphorescence in an organic scintillator
Authors: Cao Ruo-Yu , Si Yu-Bing , Yang Qi , Gao Zi-Ying , Yuan Jia-Wang , Zhao Yi , Peng Qiu-Chen , Li Kai , Zang Shuang-Quan , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Organic scintillators are among the most promising scintillators due to their inherent merits in terms of heavy metal-free constituents, synthesis designability, affordability of raw materials, and low usage costs. However, the limited X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) property of organic scintillators affects their application. To date, the main approaches for improving the XEL property of organic scintillators have focused on introducing heavy atoms to increase the absorbance of X-ray and establishing new luminescence pathways, such as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), to increase the exciton utilization efficiency. Even so, the XEL property of organic scintillators is not ideal compared with that of commercial inorganic scintillators. In this work, a highly stable charge separation (CS) state trap was introduced into the design of an organic scintillator. Combined with a unique thermally activated delayed phosphorescence (TADP) process, highly efficient capture and conversion of high-energy carriers are realized. As a result, the exciton generation efficiency dramatically increases, with an ultrahigh XEL intensity, and X-ray afterglow imaging at room temperature is achieved for the first time. This work provides a brand-new strategy for the design of high-performance organic scintillators.
Early Experience and Effectiveness of Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in a South Side Chicago HIV Clinic
Authors: Liegeon Geoffroy , Kaperak Christopher , Friedman Eleanor E , Djuricich Paul , Dawdani Alicia , Stafford Kane , Plotkin Sophie , Schmitt Jessica , Hazra Aniruddha , Christopoulos Katerina A , Schneider John A , McNulty Moira C 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We describe referrals and uptake of long-acting injectable cabotegravir/rilpivirine (LAI-CAB/RPV) at an academic clinic in Chicago. Using a pharmacy-led model, 118 (18%) people with HIV (PWH) were referred and 78 (12%) initiated LAI-CAB/RPV from 1/1/2021-5/31/2023. Implementation, especially for non-virally suppressed PWH, requires further support for patients, providers, and clinic systems.
Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients With Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Pope Pharibe , Hassan Bashar A. , Er Seray , Resnick Eric , Stein Deborah M. , Pan Judy , Grant Michael P. , Lamaris Gregory A. 
Published: February 2025

Background
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) associated with facial fractures is a major public health concern worldwide. The rate of TBI in patients with mandibular fractures ranges from 21.3% to 39.6%. However, the risk factors for TBI in patients with mandibular fractures remain unknown. Our study evaluates these risk factors.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients who presented with traumatic mandibular fractures in 2018 and 2019. Excluded were patients with no documentation of Glasgow Coma Scale. Our primary outcomes were: (1) prevalence of concomitant TBI on presentation defined as having a positive head computed tomography scan (hemorrhage, parenchymal contusion, diffuse axonal injury), or a negative scan with Glasgow Coma Scale < 15 or any neurologic symptom/sign; (2) prevalence of posttraumatic neurologic symptoms assessed at ≥4 weeks after injury. The mandibular injury severity score (MISS) was calculated for all patients. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed.

Results
Of 390 patients with mandibular fractures, 165 (42.3%) had concomitant TBI on presentation. Of those, 61% (n = 101) had mild TBI, 12% (n = 20) had moderate TBI, and 27% (n = 44) had severe TBI. Almost half of the mandibular fractures were due to assault (182 [47%]). Older age at injury and the presence of other facial fractures were associated with significantly greater odds of TBI on presentation (adjusted odds ratio 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.016 [1.001–1.032], P = 0.040; 2.457 [1.551–3.891], P < 0.001). Of 195 patients who were assessed at ≥4 weeks after injury, 99 (51%) had neurologic symptoms, most commonly facial numbness (74 [38%]). Mandibular body fracture and a high MISS were associated with significantly greater odds of having neurologic sequelae at ≥4 weeks after injury (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] 3.12 [1.31–7.50], 1.12 [1.04–1.20]).

Conclusions
Older patients and those with mandibular body fractures and a high MISS may benefit from TBI screening and close longitudinal follow-up to identify and manage neurologic sequelae.
The ISAPS Expert Program Review
Authors: Rojas Gutiérrez Claudio Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Extensive exposure to aesthetic surgery is not universally available in all plastic surgery residency programs, particularly in less developed countries. Initiatives by organizations such as ISAPS (International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery) help trainees bridge gaps in their education in aesthetic surgery. As a former observer of Prof Ruth Graf, the author shares their experience with the ISAPS Expert Program, offering an overview of the benefits and opportunities provided by such initiatives.
Anisotropy in the cosmic acceleration inferred from supernovae
Authors: Rameez Mohamed 
Published: February 2025

Under the assumption that they are standard(izable) candles, the lightcurves of Type Ia supernovae have been analysed in the framework of the standard Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker cosmology to conclude that the expansion rate of the Universe is accelerating due to dark energy. While the original claims in the late 1990s were made using overlapping samples of less than 100 supernovae in total, catalogues of nearly 2000 supernovae are now available. In light of recent developments such as the cosmic dipole anomaly and the larger-than-expected bulk flow in the local Universe (which does not converge to the Cosmic Rest Frame), we analyse the newer datasets using a Maximum Likelihood Estimator and find that the acceleration of the expansion rate of the Universe is unequivocally anisotropic. The associated debate in the literature highlights the artifices of using supernovae as standardizable candles, while also providing deeper insights into a consistent relativistic view of peculiar motions as departures from the Hubble expansion of the Universe. The effects of our being ‘tilted observers’ embedded in a deep bulk flow may have been mistaken for cosmic acceleration.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Challenging the standard cosmological model’.
Future directions in cosmology
Authors: Palanque-Delabrouille N. 
Published: February 2025

Cosmology is entering a very exciting time in its history, when a wealth of cutting-edge experiments are all starting to collect data, or about to. These experiments aim at addressing some of the most intriguing questions in fundamental physics, such as what is the nature of dark matter, is dark energy a cosmological constant or a varying field, what are the masses of the neutrinos and more. While Λ-CDM has emerged as a simple model that is consistent with most of the current datasets, we are starting to see some interesting deviations that deserve further exploration. This contribution provides an overview of upcoming projects and the science opportunities they will allow. In particular, we recall and comment on the DESI year-1 BAO constraints and their implications for dark energy. We put some of the most recent results and outstanding questions into the perspective of the forthcoming observational programme.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Challenging the standard cosmological model’.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Patterns of Atrophy in Thalamic and Deep Gray Matter Nuclei in Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Banerjee A. , Yang F. , Dutta J. , Cacciola A. , Hornberger M. , Saranathan M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONFrontotemporal dementia involves progressive atrophy in deep gray matter nuclei, including the thalamus and basal ganglia (such as the caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and globus pallidus), which are critical for cognition and behavior. This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal atrophy using a state-of-the-art multi-atlas segmentation method sTHOMAS.METHODST1-weighted MRI scans from 274 participants at baseline and 237 at follow-up obtained from the Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Neuroimaging Initiative database were analyzed using sTHOMAS. Group differences were assessed using ANCOVA, adjusting for age, gender and intracranial volume as covariates.RESULTSAtrophy was significant in the mediodorsal, pulvinar, anterior ventral nuclei, nucleus accumbens, and claustrum, with bvFTD most affected cross-sectionally. Longitudinally, the nucleus accumbens, mediodorsal, and pulvinar nuclei declined further. Atrophy correlated with naming (mediodorsal), working memory (ventrolateral posterior), and executive dysfunction (nucleus accumbens) neuropsychological tests.DISCUSSIONThese findings highlight progressive, nucleus-specific atrophy in FTD and emphasize the importance of cross-sectional as well as longitudinal imaging and sex-specific analyses in understanding disease progression.
Energetic consequences of single and repeated freezing in the intertidal mussel,Mytilus trossulus
Authors: Yang Josh Chia Chi , Marshall Katie E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe bay mussel,Mytilus trossulus, is a bivalve commonly found in intertidal zones along the west coast of North America which risks freezing during low tides in the winter. Previous work has shown that despite their freeze tolerance, freezing can still cause damage. Yet little is known about the energetic consequences of these freezing events. Here we measured the oxygen consumption of mussels before and after single and repeated freezing exposures across three seasons. We compared these responses to hypoxia exposures as tissues are not perfused while frozen which inhibits gas exchange. In general, we observed that mussels’ metabolic rates decreased immediately after a single freeze but recovers after 24 hours. By contrast, repeated freeze-thaws caused variable effects of metabolic rate, depending on the season of exposure. Overall, this suggests that the periods of recovery that occur between freeze-thaw cycles may mitigate freezing damage. We also found that hypoxia in general causes an increase in metabolic rate and may be associated with clearing oxygen debt. Therefore, the metabolic consequences after freezing are unlikely to be driven by hypoxia stress. Here we explore the energetic costs of freezing inM. trossulusinforming future research directions into the mechanisms behind freeze tolerance.