bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender quota, women in politics, and gender parity in education
Authors: Acheampong Alex O. , Opoku Eric Evans Osei , Rustagi Niharika 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDo women in politics contribute to gender parity in education? This study seeks to provide an empirical answer to this question by examining whether women in politics (women parliamentarians) contribute to closing the gender inequality in education using a global sample of 191 countries from 1990 to 2020. We deployed the two‐stage least square (IV‐TSLS) technique and gender quota as an instrument to isolate the exogenous effect of women in politics on gender parity in primary, secondary and tertiary education. The findings from the IV‐TSLS estimators show that an increase in the number of female parliamentarians is associated with a significant increase in gender parity at all levels of education. These results survived several robustness checks, including using different estimators such as the Lewbel two‐stage least squares and the Kinky least‐squares estimators. Based on the quota type, we documented that women in politics significantly spur gender parity in education in countries with reserved seat quotas and not in countries with candidate quotas. We also found that the results differ across different geographical regions and income groups. The findings call on policy‐makers to address societal, legal and structural barriers limiting women's political participation to achieve gender parity at all levels of education.
Impact of prior treatment on selinexor, bortezomib, dexamethasone outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: Extended follow‐up subgroup analysis of the BOSTON trial
Authors: Mateos Maria‐Victoria , Engelhardt Monika , Leleu Xavier , Mesa Mercedes Gironella , Cavo Michele , Dimopoulos Meletios , Bianco Martina , Merlo Giovanni Marino , Porte Charles la , Richardson Paul G. , Moreau Philippe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the impact of prior therapies on outcomes with selinexor, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (SVd) versus bortezomib and dexamethasone (Vd) in 402 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in the phase 3 BOSTON trial.MethodsPost hoc analysis of progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety for lenalidomide‐refractory, proteasome inhibitor (PI)‐naïve, bortezomib‐naïve, and one prior line of therapy (1LOT) patient subgroups.ResultsAt a median follow‐up of over 28 months, clinically meaningful improvements in PFS were noted across all groups with SVd. The median SVd PFS was longer in all subgroups (lenalidomide‐refractory: 10.2 vs. 7.1 months, PI‐naïve: 29.5 vs. 9.7; bortezomib‐naïve: 29.5 vs. 9.7; 1LOT: 21.0 vs. 10.7; p < .05). The lenalidomide‐refractory subgroup had longer OS with SVd (26.7 vs. 18.6 months; HR 0.53; p = .015). In all subgroups, overall response and ≥very good partial response rates were higher with SVd. The manageable safety profile of SVd was similar to the overall patient population.ConclusionsWith over 2 years of follow‐up, these clinically meaningful outcomes further support the use of SVd in patients who are lenalidomide‐refractory, PI‐naïve, bortezomib‐naïve, or who received 1LOT (including a monoclonal antibody) and underscore the observed synergy between selinexor and bortezomib.
Insight into brain sex differences of typically developed infants and brain pathologies: A systematic review
Authors: Saker Zahraa , Rizk Mahdi , Merie Diana , Nabha Rami H. , Pariseau Nicole J. , Nabha Sanaa M. , Makki Malek I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe continually advancing landscape of neuroscientific and imaging research has broadened our comprehension of sex differences encoded in the human brain, expanding from the hypothalamus and sexual behaviour to encompass the entire brain, including its diverse lobes, structures, and functions. However, less is known about sex differences in the brains of neonates and infants, despite their relevance to various sex‐linked diseases that develop early in life. In this review, we provide a synopsis of the literature evidence on sex differences in the brains of neonates and infants at the morphological, structural and network levels. We also briefly overview the present evidence on the sex bias in some brain disorders affecting infants and neonates.
Additively manufactured Ti‐6Al‐4V microstructure tailoring for improved fatigue life performance
Authors: Beal Roger , Salehi Seyyed‐Danial , Kingstedt Owen T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)‐produced Ti‐6Al‐4V is subjected to three separate post‐build heat treatments (HTs), specifically (1) a one‐step annealing HT exceeding the
‐transus temperature, (2) a two‐step annealing HT whose first step exceeds the
‐transus temperature and the second step is an anneal below the
‐transus temperature, and (3) a sawtooth HT with temperatures oscillating below the
‐transus temperature. Tensile properties and fatigue crack growth behavior were assessed and compared to wrought Ti‐6Al‐4V. LPBF materials nominally exhibited a 17% yield stress reduction, 1.9% strain‐to‐failure increase, and 9.2% modulus of toughness decrease. Fatigue crack growth curves were used to assess the linear crack growth rate region and approximate fracture toughness (
). Post‐mortem fractography observed striations indicating the crack growth direction frequently changes direction providing an understanding of the slower crack growth rates observed in LPBF materials compared to their wrought counterpart.
Menopause, work and mid‐life: Challenging the ideal worker stereotype
Authors: Steffan Belinda , Loretto Wendy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article investigates how the complexity of life domains of menopause‐aged women creates a paradox of simultaneously challenging the ideal worker stereotype while being caught within it. The empirical setting of menopause at work acts to highlight how work, life, and health pressures are entangled in how women present themselves at work, through varying organizational and societal expectations of being ‘fit for work’. We draw on 80 semi‐structured, life‐course interviews of women over 50 working in four occupational settings: social care, manufacturing, finance, and self‐employed. Findings are presented through three empirical vignettes, providing unique insight into how ideal worker expectations perpetuate or challenge the persistent silencing of ‘being’ menopausal at work, reinforced by life domain experiences relevant to mid‐life. We present a theoretical contribution to ideal worker theory by highlighting that women who redefine the ideal worker stereotype might be less vulnerable to gendered ageist workplace cultures. We provide a practical contribution for how organizations can better support this generation and future generations of mid‐life women at work.
Promoting equity in hiring: An evaluation of the HireNext Job Posting Assessment
Authors: Saleem Sumayya , White Linda , Perlman Michal , Dhuey Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe language used in job postings can deter applicants and contribute to the employment gap, which refers to high rates of youth unemployment occurring simultaneously with high levels of job vacancies. We tested youth preferences for job postings modified using a free online tool that uses natural language processing to make them more appealing to young and diverse candidates. Using data from 1050 respondents aged 18–35 with education below a postsecondary degree, we found a consistent and statistically significant preference for modified postings, irrespective of the extent or types of changes made. More traditionally disadvantaged respondents (i.e., with lower education, lower incomes, disabilities, women, and unemployed youth) displayed a stronger preference for modified postings. These findings suggest that this tool can help employers recruit disadvantaged youth and bridge the employment gap.
Associations of remaining teeth number, periodontal disease, and occlusal support status with erectile dysfunction in community‐dwelling men
Authors: Fujita Naoki , Iwane Takuro , Tamura Yoshihiro , Okamoto Teppei , Yamamoto Hayato , Hatakeyama Shingo , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Wataru , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesSeveral systematic reviews and meta‐analyses have reported positive relationships between erectile dysfunction (ED) and periodontal disease. However, no study has evaluated the relationships of occlusal support status and the number of remaining teeth with ED. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between ED and the remaining teeth number, periodontal disease, and occlusal support status.MethodsThis study included 400 community‐dwelling men. Periodontal health status and occlusal support condition were evaluated using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Eichner classification. Multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between ED and the remaining teeth number, periodontal disease, and occlusal support status.ResultsThe median age was 53 years. Of the 400 men, 333 (83%) were classified into ED group. In univariable analyses, remaining teeth number, CPI score, and Eichner classification were significantly associated with ED. In multivariable analyses, the remaining teeth number (odds ratio [OR]: 0.907, p = 0.114) and CPI score (OR: 0.978, p = 0.864) were not significantly associated with ED, whereas the Eichner classification was independently and significantly associated with ED (OR: 3.490, p = 0.042).ConclusionsPoor occlusal support status was significantly associated with ED in community‐dwelling men, as opposed to remaining teeth number and periodontal health status.
Searching for settlement information on Reddit
Authors: Monteiro Stein 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNewcomers are using informal means to find settlement information that is also freely available through formal settlement service providers. Newcomers may seek settlement information on Reddit when the same information might be found through a settlement service provider. This study finds that several Reddit submissions can be categorized in at least one or more of the formal settlement service categories. There is some overlap between informal conversations on Reddit and formalized settlement services. However, informal spaces go beyond providing settlement information in formalized categories. These results suggest that there is scope for policymakers to take a closer look at online conversations to better understand the needs of newcomers when they are looking for information about settling in Canada before and after they arrive. There is the potential to use this information to identify service gaps and create new funded settlement service categories. There is also the potential to accurately train a machine learning model to classify new Reddit submissions and produce real‐time advice to policymakers on newcomer information needs.
Caregiver reactions to babbling organize turn‐taking interactions: Facilitative effects of vocal versus non‐vocal responses
Authors: Zhang Vivian Hanwen , Elmlinger Steven L. , Albert Rachel R. , Goldstein Michael H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTurn‐taking interactions are foundational to the development of social, communicative, and cognitive skills. In infants, vocal turn‐taking experience is predictive of infants' socioemotional and language development. However, different forms of turn‐taking interactions may have different effects on infant vocalizing. It is presently unknown how caregiver vocal, non‐vocal and multimodal responses to infant vocalizations compare in extending caregiver‐infant vocal turn‐taking bouts. In bouts that begin with an infant vocalization, responses that maintain versus change the communicative modality may differentially affect the likelihood of further infant vocalizing. No studies have examined how caregiver response modalities that either matched or differed from the infant acoustic (vocal) modality might affect the temporal structure of vocal turn‐taking beyond the initial serve‐and‐return exchanges. We video‐recorded free‐play sessions of 51 caregivers with their 9‐month‐old infants. Caregivers responded to babbling most often with vocalizations. In turn, caregiver vocal responses were significantly more likely to elicit subsequent infant babbling. Bouts following an initial caregiver vocal response contained significantly more turns than those following a non‐vocal or multimodal response. Thus prelinguistic turn‐taking is sensitive to the modality of caregivers' responses. Future research should investigate if such sensitivity is grounded in attentional constraints, which may influence the structure of turn‐taking interactions.
Processing map for touch‐free flash sintering of a whiteware ceramic
Authors: Çetinkaya Zeynep , Raj Rishi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFlash sintering has evolved into touch‐free sintering, where free‐standing workpieces can be sintered without attaching electrodes. Instead, the flash is transmitted from the surface of a reactor into the workpiece with superimposition of a magnetic field. Thus, sintering now depends on two independent parameters: the current used to sustain the flash in the reactor and the current flowing through the induction coil. We present a first report on the influence of these two parameters on the quality of the sintered workpiece. The specimens were made from whiteware, consisting of aggregates of ceramic particles interspersed with particles of a glass phase. The results are presented in a map with the reactor current and the induction current as the control variables. Three regimes are identified: insufficient sintering, good sintering, and the formation of defects. The reactor current emerges as an important variable: densification is poor if it is too low, and defects form if it is too high, with high density achieved in the intermediate regime. High induction currents are needed to achieve good sintering. Touch‐free flash sintering has also been shown to sinter and at the same time transform powders of elemental oxides into a single‐phase multicomponent ceramic.
Should the relationship between leaf margin and temperature be re‐defined for areas with colder climates?
Authors: Iszkuło Grzegorz , Tyrała‐Wierucka Żanna , Thomas Peter A. , Terlecka Magdalena , Walas Łukasz , Tomaszewski Dominik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThe well‐proven positive correlation between the increased proportion of entire‐leaved woody dicotyledonous species and increased mean annual temperature has been commonly used to estimate temperature in the past. However, in regions of colder climates, this relationship is not straightforward, questioning the accuracy of temperature estimation.LocationFinland, Poland, Germany.TaxonDicotyledons.MethodsThe floristic composition of 10 × 10 km squares in 20 km wide transects through Finland, Poland and Germany was analysed.ResultsAt higher temperatures, deciduous woody plants appeared to show the expected positive relationship between mean annual temperature and the proportion of entire leaf margins. However, we found a negative correlation within woody deciduous plants at higher latitudes with mean annual temperature values from approximately −2.5°C to +2–4°C and at all temperatures when all woody plants were included. Herbaceous species showed a weak relationship between morphology and temperature.Main ConclusionsThe hypothesis that the phenomenon was caused by a large percentage of entire‐leaved evergreen species that winter under snow cover was rejected. These results indicate that using the leaf margin analysis method for past temperature estimation is increasingly inaccurate at colder temperatures. Consequently, we recommend avoiding this method at locations where the mean annual temperature falls below 5°C.
Application of a data continuity prediction algorithm to an electronic health record‐based pharmacoepidemiology study
Authors: Flory James H. , Zhang Yongkang , Banerjee Samprit , Wang Fei , Min Jea Y. , I. Mushlin Alvin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesUse of algorithms to identify patients with high data‐continuity in electronic health records (EHRs) may increase study validity. Practical experience with this approach remains limited.MethodsWe developed and validated four algorithms to identify patients with high data continuity in an EHR‐based data source. Selected algorithms were then applied to a pharmacoepidemiologic study comparing rates of COVID‐19 hospitalization in patients exposed to insulin versus noninsulin antidiabetic drugs.ResultsA model using a short list of five EHR‐derived variables performed as well as more complex models to distinguish high‐ from low‐data continuity patients. Higher data continuity was associated with more accurate ascertainment of key variables. In the pharmacoepidemiologic study, patients with higher data continuity had higher observed rates of the COVID‐19 outcome and a large unadjusted association between insulin use and the outcome, but no association after propensity score adjustment.DiscussionWe found that a simple, portable algorithm to predict data continuity gave comparable performance to more complex methods. Use of the algorithm significantly impacted the results of an empirical study, with evidence of more valid results at higher levels of data continuity.
The influence of papaya shape on its mass model and mechanical properties
Authors: Aina Ademola M. , Harith Hazreen , Hashim Norhashila , Shukery Mohamad Firdza Mohamad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPostharvest handling tasks include fruit grading and minimizing loss. Fruits are often packaged into grades based on size and mass for uniformity and proper handling. Losses caused by mechanical damage can be reduced by understanding the fruit's response to loads. Papaya's (cv. Exotica) irregular shape and short shelf‐life are important factors for proper handling. This study aimed to develop a model for papaya mass based on geometric properties and to characterize its mechanical behavior when compressed along its major axis. For mass prediction, single‐ and multiple‐variable regression models using papaya's geometrical variables were developed. Despite its irregular shape, similar performance was observed in the best single‐ and multiple‐variable mass models (R2 ≈ 0.95, RMSE ≈ 82 g). However, the single‐variable model is likely more practical because only two axial lengths are needed and can be extracted from 2D images. For papaya's mechanical behavior, the results for elastic properties indicate some variations (p > 0.05) in elastic modulus, and failure stress and strain along the major axis, while results for viscoelastic properties indicate significant variation (p < 0.05) in the relaxation moduli. Overall, the bottom section is less resistant to deformation compared to the top. Therefore, reducing compression in the section could potentially reduce damage. Using the mechanical properties described here in computer simulation studies may provide more detailed load distribution. Mass modeling can aid the automation of papaya grading, while mechanical response characterization provides valuable information for designing postharvest handling systems.Practical ApplicationsPostharvest handling tasks include fruit grading and minimizing loss. Fruits are often packaged into grades based on size and mass for uniformity and proper handling. Losses caused by mechanical damage may be reduced by understanding the fruit's response to loads. Papaya's irregular shape and short shelf‐life are important factors for proper postharvest handling. Mass modeling can assist the automation of papaya sorting, while characterizing its mechanical response can assist the design of postharvest handling systems. The mass model result indicates that papaya's mass (cv. Exotica) can be predicted using two axial lengths, which can be easily obtained using 2D images. The advantage is that this task can be combined with other tasks using imaging data. While the mechanical properties of papaya indicate that its bottom section is more susceptible to deformation compared to the top when they are stored in an environment with minimal movements over an extended period. Therefore, in this setup, applying the compression load at the top section while minimizing compression load at the bottom may be more effective in preventing and minimizing mechanical damage.
Validation of a simulated commercial traditional crust pepperoni pizza baking process and thermal inactivation parameters of a 3‐serovar Salmonella inoculum in pizza dough
Authors: Singh Arshdeep , Conor Hunt , Ramesh Drushya , Channaiah Lakshmikantha H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to validate a simulated commercial baking process for traditional crust pepperoni pizza to inactivate Salmonella when contamination was introduced through inoculated flour and pepperoni slices. The unbleached flour and pepperoni slices were inoculated (separate studies) with a 3‐serovar Salmonella cocktail and dried back to their respective pre‐inoculation water activity level to achieve 6.14 and 6.84 log CFU/g, respectively. The inoculated traditional crust pizza was baked at 260°C (500 °F) for 12 min followed by 15 min of ambient cooling. In both cases, a >6 log CFU/g reduction in Salmonella population was achieved by the first 8 min of baking. The pH (5.23–5.25) and water activity (0.958 ± 0.001–0.938 ± 0.005) of the pizza in this study did not change significantly. The D‐values of 3‐serovar Salmonella cocktail in traditional crust pepperoni pizza dough were 23.2 ± 1.82, 7.50 ± 0.32, and 2.0 ± 0.15 min at 56°C, 59°C, and 62°C, respectively, with a z‐value of 5.7°C. The study validated that traditional crust pepperoni pizzas when baked at 260°C (500 °F) for at least 12 min will reduce Salmonella populations by ≥5 log CFU/g if prebaking contamination occurs via flour and/ or pepperoni.
Impact of nomenclature as metabolic associated steatotic liver disease on steatotic liver disease prevalence and screening: a prospective population survey in Asians
Authors: Wu Tingfeng , Ye Junzhao , Mo Suilin , Ye Miaosheng , Li Xiaoyi , Li Qing , Wang Wengeng , Zheng Qiaocong , Luo Ke , Zhang Yi , Tu Shouwei , Che Daituan , Gong Rulong , Chen Xing , Miu Rong , Shao Congxiang , Sun Yanhong , Zhong Bihui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe introduction of the latest nomenclature, metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), proposed by the multi‐society without Asian society consensus statement, aims to redefine the diagnostic criteria for metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, its effect on the epidemiology in Asia remains unclear.MethodWe conducted a population‐based cross‐sectional survey on fatty liver disease using multistage stratified random sampling of participants from Guangzhou, a representative area in China (ChiCTR2000033376). Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and laboratory data were collected. Hepatic steatosis and the severity of fibrosis were assessed using FibroScan.ResultsA total of 7388 individuals were recruited, the proportion of which meeting the definitions for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), MAFLD, and MASLD were 2359 (31.9%), 2666 (36.1%), and 2240 (30.3%), respectively. One hundred and twenty (1.6%) patients had cryptogenic SLD, and 537 (7.3%) patients were diagnosed with MetALD. MASLD did not significantly differ from NAFLD and MAFLD, except that MAFLD patients had a lower proportion of males, hypertension, and diabetes and were less likely to consume tea (P < 0.05). Both cryptogenic SLD and MASLD non‐MAFLD patients exhibited milder hepatic steatosis and a lower frequency of liver injury than NAFLD, MAFLD, or MASLD patients (all P < 0.05). An increased HOMA‐IR (adjusted OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.10–2.03) was associated with higher risk of moderate‐to‐severe steatosis for MASLD non‐MAFLD patients, while consuming more cups of tea (P for trend = 0.015) showed inverse associations.ConclusionIrrespective of terminology used is that fatty liver disease is highly prevalent in the Han Chinese population. Differences in insulin resistance and lifestyle risk factors are associated with redefinition disparities.