bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peri‐Implant Health and Perfusion Parameters in Patients After Microvascular Jaw Reconstruction: A Clinical Cohort Study
Authors: Katz Marie Sophie , Ooms Mark , Heitzer Marius , Bock Anna , Vohl Nils , Kniha Kristian , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate perfusion parameters and clinical features of healthy implants and implants affected by peri‐implant disease in patients who had undergone microvascular jaw reconstruction.MethodsA total of 25 patients with 92 implants placed in microvascular transplants were included. Of these, 68 implants showed healthy peri‐implant tissue, 12 were affected by peri‐implant mucositis, and 12 were diagnosed with peri‐implantitis. Peri‐implant perfusion was measured mesially and distally at the implant shoulder using laser Doppler flowmetry and tissue spectrophotometry (LDF‐TS), followed by a clinical evaluation, including measurement of probing depths, bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index, biotype, type of implant, the restoration and the presence of keratinized tissue. Perfusion parameters were compared between the healthy implants and the implants with peri‐implant disease based on the conventional BOP–based diagnosis of peri‐implantitis, and the associations between the perfusion values and clinical measurements were analyzed. Optimal cut‐off values for predicting peri‐implantitis were calculated with receiver operating characteristics.ResultsThe mean relative amount of hemoglobin and mean blood flow were significantly different between healthy implants and implants with peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). However, there are interindividual differences that appear to influence blood flow values as well. When a linear mixed regression model was applied, including the patient as a random variable, the difference in blood flow was no longer statistically significant (p = 0.400). Still, the optimal cut‐off value of mean blood flow for predicting peri‐implantitis was determined to be > 46.5 AU (AUC = 0.788; p < 0.001; CI = 0.695–0.881; sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.60).ConclusionImplants in microvascular flaps are particularly vulnerable to peri‐implant disease. Risk factors are the lack of keratinized peri‐implant tissue, fixed restorations, bone‐level implants, and high plaque levels.As a noninvasive and objective method, LDF‐TS can contribute to risk assessment by evaluating perfusion parameters and help detect the early onset of peri‐implant disease.
Evaluating the therapeutic quality of prehabilitation programmes in patients scheduled for colorectal surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jetten Evy E. J. , Franssen Ruud F. W. , Voorn Melissa J. J. , Falz Roberto , Busse Martin , Bongers Bart C. , Janssen‐Heijnen Maryska L. G. , Hoogeboom Thomas J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to evaluate whether the therapeutic quality of exercise prehabilitation programmes is associated with their effectiveness to preoperatively improve aerobic fitness and reduce postoperative complications and length of hospital stay in patients scheduled for colorectal surgery.MethodThree electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and CINAHL) were systematically searched (up to October 2023) for randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of prehabilitation before colorectal resection. Methodological quality and therapeutic quality were assessed using, respectively, the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool and the i‐CONTENT tool. Studies were divided into four subgroups based on the estimated risk of bias and risk of ineffectiveness.ResultsFourteen studies were included, comprising 986 patients. Meta‐analysis showed that, in general, prehabilitation improved preoperative aerobic fitness but did not improve postoperative outcomes. No differences were found between the four subgroups; however, only one study (7%) had a low risk of bias in combination with a low risk of ineffectiveness.ConclusionThe fact that only one study had a low risk of bias in combination with a low risk of ineffectiveness precluded us from establishing an association between therapeutic quality and the effectiveness of prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes. The quality of future prehabilitation research with exercise interventions should be improved by using an assessment tool during the design phase of prehabilitation programmes.
The challenges of implementing earlier surgery for terminal ileal Crohn's disease—A qualitative study of the clinician's perspective
Authors: Husnoo Nilofer , Morgan Jenna L. , Wyld Lynda , Lobo Alan J. , Brown Steven R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimEvidence suggests that earlier bowel resection may offer more stable remission in localized luminal terminal ileal (TI) Crohn's disease compared with ongoing medical therapy. Surgery is still considered late in the treatment pathway. The aim of this study was to understand the clinician's perspective on ‘early’ surgery by qualitatively exploring how clinicians make treatment‐related decisions.MethodSemistructured interviews with clinicians across the UK with an interest in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were undertaken using videoconferencing (February–November 2022). Inductive thematic analysis of interview transcripts was performed; 10% of the data were double‐coded. Data saturation was confirmed before stopping recruitment.ResultsParticipants included nine consultant surgeons, seven consultant gastroenterologists and seven specialist nurses (n = 23) from secondary care and tertiary referral centres. Five key themes were identified: timing of surgery in practice, barriers to timely surgery, factors influencing decision‐making, offering choice and the patient's perspective. A practice of exhausting medical options before considering surgery was commonly described. A lack of IBD specialists (especially surgeons), inadequate opportunities for multidisciplinary teamwork and long waiting lists for surgical clinics and theatre were cited as barriers to timely surgery. According to interviewees, patients prefer medical therapy over surgery; the most dreaded risk is thought to be that of a stoma.ConclusionThis study provides new insights into the barriers to earlier surgery for TI disease. Organizational barriers should be considered when designing local services. Collaborative multidisciplinary teamwork may allow clinicians to consider surgery sooner. A study investigating the patient perspective is warranted.
The Illegal Trade in Live Western Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Guinea‐Bissau and Proposed Conservation Management Actions
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Maria Joana , Regalla Aissa 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) is classified as Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), with an 80% decrease decline between 1990 and 2014. A major threat to its survival is the illegal trade in live chimpanzees (ITLC), a highly organized criminal activity with national and international scope. Here, we compile the existing information on ITLC in Guinea‐Bissau, highlight relevant knowledge gaps, and suggest immediate conservation management actions. ITLC in Guinea‐Bissau is likely extensive and is a major factor contributing to the declining of the chimpanzee population. The most urgent measures needed to prevent the ITLC in Guinea‐Bissau are to (i) build a centralized database containing information on wildlife kept as pets, (ii) train officials on national and international laws and regulations related to the wildlife trade and to identify protected and threatened species, (iii) define/update penalties for perpetrators holding live chimpanzees, (iv) raising awareness in society on the risks of maintaining wildlife, (v) investigate the ITLC supply trade‐chain and the actors’ profile, and (vi) build a sanctuary or rehabilitation center within Guinea‐Bissau. Considering the high risk of extinction of the subspecies, addressing the ITLC in Guinea‐Bissau and elsewhere in West Africa is urgent.
A qualitative exploration of triggers for alcohol use and access to support during the COVID‐19 pandemic among people identifying as problem drinkers in the United Kingdom
Authors: Yaqubi Hadia , May Tom , Burton Alexandra 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionA polarisation of drinking behaviour was observed during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic, with some people reported to be drinking more alcohol and others less. We aimed to understand how and why the COVID‐19 pandemic and associated restrictions impacted alcohol use and access to support and services during this time.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured qualitative interviews with 27 participants, including 20 people identifying as problem drinkers and seven alcohol service providers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsWe identified two main triggers for alcohol use during the pandemic: (i) loss of daily routine and activity resulted in drinking to cope with social isolation and boredom; and (ii) drinking alleviated feelings of fear, anxiety and anger over the imposition of pandemic restrictions. Regarding access to services, two main themes were generated: (i) remote service provision was perceived as inferior to in‐person services; and (ii) the need to offer choice and flexibility in how services were provided, with service providers reporting more positive experiences of online and telephone service delivery than service users.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study provides new insights into potential triggers for alcohol use among people identifying as problem drinkers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The acceptability of remote forms of service provision were dependent on service user access to, and comfort with using technology. Hybrid delivery models may therefore be suitable in some but not all circumstances, and efforts should be made to promote equitable access to services.
Parent reactions to coming out as lesbian, gay, or bisexual: Investigating a theoretical framework
Authors: Chrisler Alison 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to explore parents' reactions to their child's lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) identity by applying an existing theoretical framework of parent reactions to coming out.BackgroundBecause family rejection leads to a number of negative outcomes among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and/or questioning (LGBTQ) youth, understanding parent reactions is critical. There is a need to validate existing theoretical frameworks that capture parent reactions to LGBTQ disclosure.MethodUsing deductive thematic analysis, eight a priori themes and additional subthemes derived from the existing theoretical framework were used to analyze a convenience sample of 20 in‐depth, parent interviews.ResultsThe analysis demonstrated that the components of the theoretical framework that guided the study mostly mapped onto each transcript. One proposed change to the theoretical framework includes adding a pathway that demonstrates how parents who suspect their child is LGB do not necessarily engage in uncertainty reduction behaviors.ConclusionFindings from this study suggest that parents navigate through a series of processes when learning about and coming to accept their child's identity.ImplicationsThere is a need for future empirical studies to further refine and validate the existing theoretical framework.
Late Holocene “Turn‐Off” of Coral Reef Growth in the Northern Red Sea and Implications for a Sea‐Level Fall
Authors: Feldman B. , Torfstein A. , O'Leary M. , Blecher N. Simon , Yam R. , Shaked Y. , Shemesh A. , Huang D. , Levy O. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCoral reefs, known for their remarkable diversity, serve a pivotal function in modulating the global oceanic carbon cycle and act as natural barriers that protect coastlines from erosion and storm surges by dissipating wave energy. Despite their importance, their sensitivity to temperature fluctuations, sea‐level shifts and anthropogenic changes in the future is highly unknown. In this study, we create a comprehensive documentation of coral growth, sedimentology and ecology spanning the middle to late Holocene in the Gulf of Eilat/Aqaba, northern Red Sea. We then integrate these findings with a reconstruction of the area's environmental conditions over time. The findings reveal a noticeable hiatus of reef growth between 4400 and 1000 years BP (Before Present; “present” being defined as 1950), aligning well with comparable observations made across various locations in the Southern Hemisphere. The coral diversity and abundance along the cores display surprisingly similar patterns before and after the hiatus. This implies that the distinctive coral community thriving during the initial growth phase reappeared nearly 4000 years later, presumably sourced from the deeper reefs. The results are evaluated in the context of a potential sea‐level drop and the resilience of coral communities to perturbations of this magnitude. We conclude that the hiatus at this site is due to a combination of factors, including tectonic activity and glacio‐eustatic sea‐level changes. Our research highlights the critical importance of understanding and managing coral reef ecosystems' responses to sea‐level fluctuations to mitigate future impacts on these vulnerable environments.
Implementation and Acceptance of Oral Health Assessment Tools in Residential Aged Care Facilities: A Scoping Review
Authors: Pritchard Lyndal , Burden Kelly‐Jean , Carlson‐Jones William , Stormon Nicole , Do Loc 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe global ageing population has increased demand for healthcare services in residential aged care (RAC), with oral health recognised as crucial for overall well‐being. Despite this, the implementation of oral health assessment tools in RAC faces significant challenges.ObjectiveThis scoping review explored the implementation and acceptance of oral health assessment tools in RAC facilities, identifying key barriers and facilitators influencing their adoption by non‐dental healthcare professionals.MethodsFive databases were searched, including Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Medline OVID and CINAHL, with a focus on oral health assessment tools utilised by non‐dental healthcare professionals in residential aged care. The review adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Scoping Review guidelines, with data extraction guided by the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework, focusing on evidence, context and facilitation.ResultsThe review included 26 studies on the implementation of oral health assessment tools in residential aged care facilities, highlighting diverse barriers and facilitators impacting tool adoption by non‐dental professionals. Key barriers included insufficient training, high staff turnover and inconsistent prioritisation of oral health across facilities. In contrast, facilitators involved targeted in‐service training and the presence of oral health champions to support tool usage. Despite the variety of tools identified, none of the studies employed an implementation science framework.ConclusionsThere is a need to incorporate implementation science to enhance the sustainability and effectiveness of oral health assessment tools in RAC settings. Addressing the identified barriers and using facilitators could improve the adoption and integration of oral health assessment tools, ultimately enhancing residents' oral health and well‐being.
Self‐Reported Items That Predict the Risk of Oral Health Deterioration and the Need for Dental Referral in Older People: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Jong M. H. S. , van der Maarel‐Wierink C. D. , Ket J. C. F. , Jerković‐Ćosić K. , Rozema F. R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDetecting deterioration in frail oral community‐dwelling older people's oral health may be delayed as a consequence of decreased visits to oral health care professionals. Older people are becoming increasingly dependent on medical care and visit other healthcare professionals, highlighting the importance of interprofessional collaboration. There is a need for an easy‐to‐use, time‐ and cost‐efficient oral health assessment tool for non‐oral healthcare professionals. This systematic review aimed to identify self‐reported items that predict the risk of oral health deterioration in older people to inform such a tool.MethodThe OVID/Medline, Embase, EBSCO/CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched. An additional reference check was performed to ensure that no records were missing. The primary outcome was predictive value, defined as the probability of a specific question or self‐reported item predicting the risk of oral health deterioration or the need for dental referral. When available, the data were presented as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV).ResultsThe initial search resulted in 2471 records. Eleven articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. A high predictive value for oral health deterioration was observed for the self‐reported items: “Are you generally pleased with your mouth and teeth?” (specificity: 93.0%), “Would you say your mouth health is generally good?” (specificity: 95.2%), “Does your mouth feel dry?” (specificity: 82.7%), and “Do you have regular dental checkups?” (sensitivity: 90.0%–100%); and “Do you have tooth and/or mouth problems that make it hard to eat?” (specificity: 92.0).ConclusionA screening tool for use by non‐oral health professionals, that consists of 2–4 highly predictive self‐reported items, such as dry mouth, satisfaction with oral health, recent dental visits and food consumption problems, could be used for early detection and timely referral of older people at risk of oral health deterioration.
Diagnostic accuracy and challenges of intraoperative frozen section evaluation for axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy and breast margins
Authors: Laokulrath Natthawadee , Nasir Nur Diyana Md , Gudi Mihir , Tan Puay Hoon 
Published: February 2025

AimsOur study aims to audit and evaluate the accuracy and pitfalls of intraoperative evaluation of frozen sentinel lymph nodes (IOE‐FSLN) and resection margins (IOE‐FSM) compared to final findings in paraffin sections.MethodsA total of 264 cases underwent intraoperative evaluation, encompassing 688 sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) and 1186 surgical margins. Frozen section (FS) diagnoses were compared with corresponding permanent sections of FS (PFS). Sensitivity, specificity, false‐negative rate, false‐positive rate, and concordance rates were assessed. Cases with discrepancies underwent a detailed histological review.ResultsThe study predominantly comprised cases of invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) (74%). For FSLN reporting, sensitivity was 88.1%, specificity 100%, and FS‐PFS concordance 99.0%. FSM reporting showed sensitivity of 85.0%, specificity 99.9%, and concordance 98.4%. Sampling errors accounted for 86% (FSLN) and 88% (FSM) of discrepancies, with interpretive errors present in 1/7 FSLN and in 2/17 FSM cases. The shave margin method demonstrated a higher false‐negative rate in FSM reporting. The rate of final positive margins was reduced from 21.3% to 11.4% when IOE‐FSM was utilized.ConclusionIOE‐FSLN and IOE‐FSM showed high reliability in guiding intraoperative decisions for axillary lymph node dissection and achieving free surgical margins in one‐stage surgeries. However, limitations include challenges in distinguishing metastatic carcinoma from benign mimics in FSLN and diagnosing certain features such as IBC with post‐treatment changes, invasive lobular carcinoma in FSLN and FSM; IBC rich in tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes, low‐grade (DCIS/IBC in FSM) without immunohistochemical studies.
How Do Applied Researchers Use the Causal Forest? A Methodological Review
Authors: Rehill Patrick 
Published: February 2025

SummaryThis methodological review examines the use of the causal forest method by applied researchers across 133 peer‐reviewed papers. It shows that the emerging best practice relies heavily on the approach and tools created by the original authors of the causal forest such as their grf package and the approaches given by them in examples. Generally, researchers use the causal forest on a relatively low‐dimensional dataset relying on observed controls or in some cases experiments to identify effects. There are several common ways to then communicate results–by mapping out the univariate distribution of individual‐level treatment effect estimates, displaying variable importance results for the forest and graphing the distribution of treatment effects across covariates that are important either for theoretical reasons or because they have high variable importance. Some deviations from this common practice are interesting and deserve further development and use. Others are unnecessary or even harmful. The paper concludes by reflecting on the emerging best practice for causal forest use and paths for future research.
Experimental Design and Performance of a Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Facility in Northern Germany
Authors: Kottmann Lorenz , Kretschmer Lars , Carotenuto Federico , Zaldei Alessandro , Brilli Lorenzo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFree air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) offers a unique approach to study the response of crops to rising carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations under field conditions. We have established a Miglietta‐type FACE facility in Northern Germany (JKI‐FACE) consisting of four rings with CO2 fumigation and four rings without fumigation with diameters of 15.5 m. Here, we present the technical details and the performance of the JKI‐FACE facility based on thee‐year data (2022–2024) regarding temporal and spatial carbon dioxide distribution. Our results indicated that high‐frequency (1‐min) data of CO2 concentration was within 10% and 20% of the target concentration (600 ppm) for 84.2% and 95.8% of the time, respectively. Although the rings are relatively close together in our experimental setup, CO2 drift measurements suggest no significant interference between the rings. These results suggest that JKI‐FACE is a suitable field infrastructure for studying the effects of increasing CO2 concentrations in cereals. With this FACE facility, we focus on the intraspecific variation of the response of crop yield and quality to elevated CO2 to make an important contribution to the adaptation of crops and cropping systems to changing climate conditions.