bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterospecific sociability and foraging behaviour of an invasive livebearer fish
Authors: Salazar‐Rueda Isabel , Gomez‐Maldonado Sebastian , Camacho‐Cervantes Morelia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHeterospecific sociability could enhance invasion success in social species since social non‐natives usually belong to small founding populations during the early stages of invasion. The twospot livebearer (Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculatus) is native to Central America and southern Mexico and is recently recognised as invasive in the Mexican Central Plateau, where it poses a threat to native species. Here, we evaluated twospot livebearer sociability towards either a conspecific pair or a shoal of four fish with one of four possible compositions, all conspecifics or two conspecifics combined with either two guppies, two porthole livebearers or two twoline skiffias. In a second experiment, foraging time, latency to feed, first fish to begin foraging and aggressive interactions were recorded under the same social conditions used in the sociability experiment, with body size included as a covariate in both experiments. All focal twospot livebearers spent significantly more time with the given shoals rather than with the available space in the aquarium. They showed a higher tendency to associate with small shoals of conspecifics than with pairs. Larger twospot livebearers associated more, regardless of the social condition. Twospot livebearer fed more with porthole livebearers, less with guppies and similarly with twoline skiffias. Latency to forage did not vary significantly between social conditions. Twospot livebearers were involved in more aggressive interactions when with guppies or porthole livebearers than when with native twoline skiffias or conspecifics. Twospot livebearers could gain benefits from associating with natives and conspecifics, but not with other invasive poeciliids. Heterospecific shoaling behaviour with natives may enhance invasion success during early stages when conspecifics are scarce while associating with other invasive poeciliids could lead to increased competition. Further research is needed on heterospecific interactions of non‐natives to better understand their behavioural role in invasion likelihood.
A prospective study of posttransplant cyclophosphamide for unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell transplant with special attention to graft content and the impact of a higher γδ T cell dose
Authors: Jeurkar Chetan , Leiby Benjamin , Rashid Shaik , Gergis Usama , Grossso Dolores , Carabasi Matthew , Filicko‐O'Hara Joanne , O'Hara William , Klumpp Thomas , Porcu Pierluigi , Flomenberg Neal , Wagner John L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPosttransplant cyclophosphamide (PtCy) has been shown to decrease post‐hematopoietic stem cell transplant acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). In this study, PtCy was used in 44 patients along with mycophenolate and tacrolimus with HLA matched (29) and mismatched (15) unrelated donors to determine the impact of graft content on outcome; thus, all patients had flow cytometric analysis of their graft content including the number of B cells, NK cells, and various T cell subsets. Higher γδ T cell dose was associated with the development of acute GVHD (p = .0038). For PtCy, further studies of the cell product along with further graft manipulation, such as selective γδ T cell depletion, could potentially improve outcomes.
Aberrant cortical morphology patterns are associated with cognitive impairment in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Liu Yu Ting , Yang Yu Ting , Tang Chun Xiang , Ma Jun Qing , Kong Xiang , Li Jian Hua , Li Yan Ming , Liu Shu Yu , Zhou Chang Sheng , Wang Yun Fei , Zhang Long Jiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA mounting body of evidences suggests that patients with chronic heart failure (HF) frequently experience cognitive impairments, but the neuroanatomical mechanism underlying these impairments remains elusive. In this retrospective study, 49 chronic HF patients and 49 healthy controls (HCs) underwent brain structural MRI scans and cognitive assessments. Cortical morphology index (cortical thickness, complexity, sulcal depth and gyrification) were evaluated. Correlations between cortical morphology and cognitive scores and clinical variables were explored. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for predicting 3‐year major adverse cardiovascular events. Compared with HCs, patients with chronic HF exhibited decreased cognitive scores (p < .001) and decreased cortical thickness, sulcal depth and gyrification in brain regions involved cognition, sensorimotor, autonomic nervous system (family‐wise error correction, all p values <.05). Notably, HF duration and New York Heart Association (NYHA) demonstrated negative correlations with abnormal cortex morphology, particularly HF duration and thickness in left precentral gyrus (r = −.387, p = .006). Cortical morphology characteristics exhibited positive associations with global cognition, particularly cortical thickness in left pars opercularis (r = .476, p < .001). NYHA class is an independent risk factor for adverse outcome (p = .001). The observed correlation between abnormal cortical morphology and global cognition suggested that cortical morphology may serve as a promising imaging biomarker and provide insights into neuroanatomical underpinnings of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic HF.
A zone of columnar joints beneath the roof of a granitic pluton: The Okueyama granite, southwestern Japan
Authors: Chigira Masahiro , Kato Hironori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIgneous rocks are fractured during cooling from magma to form cooling joints, which are typically columnar joints in volcanic rocks, while orthogonal joints are considered typical for plutonic rocks. We performed a 3D study of joint systems in a granitic batholith of the Okueyama granite in western Japan, which has its roof and its internal structures from the roof to 1000 m downward exposed. We used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to observe the joints in outcrops from various angles. Based on our study, we propose a schematic model for joint systems in a granitic pluton. A granitic pluton has zones of rock columns below the roof and next to the wall. The rock column zone below the roof is as thick as 300 m, and its higher portions form steep cliffs, probably because of increased resistance to weathering. The axes of the rock columns are nearly vertical below the roof and gently plunge next to the walls, with high intersection angles with the wall. The distribution of columnar joints near only the roof and walls suggests that the granite cooled more rapidly near the roof and walls than in the core of the pluton. When the granite was jointed by parallel joints during cooling, the rock slabs between the parallel joints near the roof and the walls are subdivided into columns with polygonal cross‐sections. This suggests that the granite was fractured by parallel joints at a temperature immediately below the solidus, after which the rock slabs were subdivided into rock columns during further cooling.
Forming a new perspective: Post‐structural approaches to determination of donor compatibility and post‐transplant assessment of allograft health
Authors: Nadat Fatima , Clark Brendan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to encourage a new perspective on the question of donor–recipient compatibility and post‐transplant assessment of graft health based on functional measures. The premise is that we should be better sighted on what (and how) the immune system responds toward rather than what is merely there. Continuance of the pursuit of further and better definition of antigens and antibodies is not however discouraged but seen as necessary to improved understanding of the structural correlates of functional immunity. There currently exists, in the opinion of the authors, an opportunity for histocompatibility and immunogenetics laboratories to develop and widen their scope of involvement into these new areas of laboratory activity in support and to the benefit of the transplant programmes they serve.
Comparison of student nurses' expectations and newly qualified nurses' experiences regarding clinical practice: A secondary analysis of a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Koppitz Andrea , Spichiger Frank , Keller‐Senn Anita , Bana Marika , Huber Claudia , Christie Derek , Bucher Thomas , Volken Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo compare student nurses' expectations and newly qualified nurses' experiences regarding clinical practice in Switzerland 1 year after graduation.DesignA secondary explorative analysis of a cross‐sectional survey.MethodsThe data were sourced from the Swiss National Graduate Survey of Health Professionals covering six universities of applied sciences between 2016 and 2019, with information on three cohorts of bachelor student nurses, with a 1‐year follow‐up between each year. The participants were 533 bachelor‐prepared nursing graduates.ResultsThe student nurses' overall expectations included the following top two prioritized aspects: ‘contributing to something important’ and ‘adequate time to spend with patients’. Newly graduated nurses' clinical practice experiences demonstrated that not all expectations were met 1 year after graduation. The largest gaps were found in ‘adequate time to spend with patients’, ‘work–life balance’ and experiencing ‘good management’.ConclusionThe most crucial expectation gaps are related to having sufficient time to spend with patients and a good work–life balance. The most important result is whether there is a shortage of places for nurses to work rather than the oft‐cited shortage of nurses.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe expectations of Swiss newly qualified nurses can be better met by an assessment in the first year about which individual perceptions of workplace characteristics cause them to make choices to change something about their work, affect their job satisfaction or influence their intention to stay.ImpactFew of the student nurses' expectations were met 1 year after graduation, therefore Swiss healthcare institutions should improve needs assessments to strengthen the nurse workforce starting early in employment. The results underscore the importance of a constructive management culture, such as that in magnet hospitals in the United States which underpins the philosophy of changing in nursing. The results can be used internationally as a benchmark and as a basis for introducing potential interventions for nurse retention.Reporting MethodThis study was reported following the Standardized Reporting of Secondary Data Analyses Checklist.Patient or Public ContributionThere were no patient or public contributions.Trial and Protocol RegistrationThis study has not been registered.
Workplace violence, work‐related exhaustion, and workplace cognitive failure among nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Arnetz Judith E. , Baker Nathan , Arble Eamonn , Arnetz Bengt B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the relationships between nurses' exposure to workplace violence and self‐reports of workplace cognitive failure.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsAn online questionnaire was administered in April 2023 to nurses in Michigan, US. Structural equation modelling was used to examine effects of physical and non‐physical workplace violence (occupational stressors) and work efficiency and competence development (occupational protective factors) on workplace cognitive failure.ResultsPhysical violence was a significant predictor of the action subscale of cognitive failure. There were no direct effects of non‐physical violence, workplace efficiency, or competence development on any of the workplace cognitive failure dimensions. Both types of violence and efficiency had significant indirect effects on workplace cognitive failure via work‐related exhaustion. Work‐related exhaustion predicted significantly higher scores for workplace cognitive failure.ConclusionWorkplace violence and work efficiency exhibited primarily indirect effects on workplace cognitive failure among nurses via work‐related exhaustion.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareNurses experiencing workplace violence may be at increased risk for workplace cognitive failure, especially if they are also experiencing work‐related exhaustion. Workplaces that nurses perceive as more efficient can help to mitigate the effects of violence on nurses' cognitive failure.ImpactThis study addressed the possible effects of workplace violence as well as work efficiency and competence development on nurses' cognitive failure at work. Analyses revealed primarily indirect effects of workplace violence, and indirect protective effects of work efficiency, on nurses' cognitive failure via work‐related exhaustion. This research has implications for healthcare organizations and suggests that efforts made by healthcare workplaces to prevent violence and work‐related exhaustion, and to enhance work efficiency, may help to mitigate workplace cognitive failure among nurses.Reporting MethodWe have followed the STROBE checklist in reporting this study.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or public contribution.
Three‐dimensional imaging analysis of CAD/CAM custom‐milled versus prefabricated allogeneic block remodelling at 6 months and long‐term follow‐up of dental implants: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Seidel Anna , Leira Yago , Batalla Pilar , Caneiro Leticia , Wichmann Manfred , Blanco Juan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThis retrospective cohort study aimed to volumetrically investigate the bone stability rate of prefabricated allogeneic bone blocks (PBB) and computer‐aided design (CAD)/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM) custom‐milled allogeneic bone blocks (CCBB) for ridge augmentation.Materials and MethodsNineteen patients were treated with 20 allografts: 11 CCBB, 9 PBB; 10 in the maxilla and 10 in the mandible. Clinical treatment history and cone beam computed tomography scans before surgery (t0), directly after graft surgery (t1) and after 6 months of healing prior to implant insertion (t2) were evaluated using a three‐dimensional evaluation software for absolute bone volume, stability as well as vertical and horizontal bone gain. Furthermore, the inserted implants were analysed for survival, marginal bone loss (MBL) and complications for a mean follow‐up period of 43.75 (±33.94) months.ResultsA mean absolute volume of 2228.1 mm3 (±1205) was grafted at t1. The bone stability rate was 87.6% (±9.9) for CCBB and 83.0% (±14.5) for PBB. The stability was higher in the maxilla (91.6%) than in the mandible (79.53%). Surgery time of PBB was longer than for CCBB (mean Δ = 52 min). The survival rate of the inserted implants was 100% with a mean MBL of 0.41 mm (±0.37).ConclusionThe clinical performance of both allograft block designs was equally satisfactory for vertical and horizontal bone grafting prior to implant placement.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06027710.
Impact of Charlson Comorbidity Index on in‐hospital mortality of patients with hyperglycemic crises: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: He Rui , Zhang Kebiao , Li Hong , Fu Shimin , Chen Zhen , Gu Manping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThis study was designed to investigate the association between Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and in‐hospital mortality and other clinical outcomes among patients with hyperglycemic crises.MethodThis retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from electric medical records. A total of 1668 diabetic patients with hyperglycemic crises from six tertiary hospitals met the inclusion criteria. CCI < 4 was defined as low CCI and CCI ≥ 4 was defined as high CCI. Propensity score matching (PSM) with the 1:1 nearest neighbour matching method and the caliper value of 0.02 was used to match the baseline characteristics of patients with high CCI and low CCI to reduce the confounding bias. In‐hospital mortality, ICU admission, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, acute kidney injury, length of stay (LOS), and hospitalisation expense between low CCI and high CCI were compared and assessed. Univariate and multivariate regression were applied to estimate the impact of CCI on in‐hospital and other clinical outcomes.OutcomeOne hundred twenty‐one hyperglycemic crisis (HC) patients died with a mortality rate of 7.3%. After PSM, compared with low CCI, patients with high CCI suffered higher in‐hospital mortality, ICU admission, LOS, and hospitalisation expenses. After multivariate regression, age (aOR: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06−1.18, p < 0.001), CCI(aOR: 4.42, 95% CI: 1.56−12.53, p = 0.005), uninsured (aOR: 22.32, 95% CI: 4.26−116.94, p < 0.001), shock (aOR: 10.57, 95% CI: 1.41−79.09, p = 0.022), mechanical ventilation (aOR: 75.29, 95% CI: 12.37−458.28, p < 0.001), and hypertension (aOR: 4.34, 95% CI: 1.37−13.82, p = 0.013) were independent risk factors of in‐hospital mortality of HC patients. Besides, high CCI was an independent risk factor for higher ICU Admission (aOR: 5.91, 95% CI: 2.31−15.08, p < 0.001), hypoglycemia (aOR: 2.19, 95% CI:1.01−4.08, p = 0.049), longer LOS (aOR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.19−2.27, p = 0.021), and higher hospitalisation expense (aOR: 2089.97, 95% CI: 193.33−3988.61, p = 0.031) of HC patients.ConclusionCCI is associated with in‐hospital mortality, ICU admission, hypoglycemia, LOS, and hospitalisation expense of HC patients. CCI could be an ideal indicator to identify, monitor, and manage chronic comorbidities among HC patients.
Oral tranexamic acid treats papulopustular rosacea by improving the skin barrier
Authors: Xu Zining , Yu Biao , Xu Bingyang , Ye Shuhong , Qing Yuxin , Zhao Bin , Hong Sun , Wu Na , Wu Jiawen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPapulopustular rosacea (PPR) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a significant impact on facial aesthetics. An impaired skin barrier is an important factor in the development and exacerbation of PPR. Tranexamic acid (TXA) has immune regulatory and anti‐inflammatory effects, inhibits angiogenesis and endothelial hyperplasia, and promotes skin barrier repair.AimsWe investigated the efficacy and safety of oral TXA for PPR treatment.Patients/MethodsIn total, 70 patients were randomly assigned to receive traditional therapy plus oral TXA or traditional therapy alone for 8 weeks, with a 4‐week follow‐up period. The subjective improvement in rosacea was assessed using the clinical erythema assessment (CEA), investigator's global assessment (IGA), patient self‐assessment (PSA) score, rosacea‐specific quality of life (RQoL) score, and global aesthetic improvement score (GAIS). An objective improvement in rosacea was assessed using skin hydration, trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL), clinical photography, and an eight spectrum facial imager.ResultsCEA/IGA/PSA, dryness, and RQoL scores were significantly lower and GAIS was higher in the TXA group than in the traditional therapy group. Furthermore, oral TXA significantly improved skin barrier function, increased skin hydration, and decreased TEWL, with no significant side effects. Notably, we observed better outcomes and a greater improvement in skin barrier function with TXA treatment in patients with dry‐type rosacea than in patients with oily skin.ConclusionsThe addition of oral TXA to traditional therapy can lead to rapid and effective improvements in PPR, which may be attributed to improvements in skin barrier function.
Patient‐reported outcomes of topical finasteride/minoxidil treatment for male androgenetic alopecia: A retrospective study using telemedical data
Authors: Abeck Finn , Hansen Inga , Kött Julian , Schröder Florian , Garrahy Edward , Veneroso Juliana , Rünger Alessandra , Torster Leopold , Schneider Stefan W. , von Büren Johannes 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundOral finasteride and topical minoxidil are the current standard of care for male androgenetic alopecia and a combination of the two treatments can be considered for greater efficacy. Clinical trials of topical finasteride have also yielded promising results, but routine care data are lacking.AimsTo examine patient‐reported outcomes of men with androgenetic alopecia who received topical finasteride admixed with minoxidil compared to the current standard of care (oral finasteride).MethodsRetrospective, cross‐sectional study with data from a German direct‐to‐consumer teledermatology platform between December 2021 and January 2023. Patient‐reported outcomes were collected through voluntary follow‐up questionnaires provided after 6 weeks on topical finasteride/minoxidil or oral finasteride treatment.ResultsA total of 1545 patients who received topical finasteride/minoxidil treatment were included; 238 (15.4%) participated in the follow‐up questionnaire. At week six, 62.2% (148/238) reported positive changes in their hair appearance, and 44.1% (105/238) reported an improvement of self‐esteem. Treatment‐related adverse events were reported in 11.8% (28/238). Full treatment adherence was observed in 74.4% (177/238). Comparing the topical treatment group to those receiving oral finasteride, lower treatment adherence was reported, along with higher rates of local adverse events; no difference was found in the incidence of sexual adverse events.ConclusionBased on patient‐reported outcomes, topical finasteride/minoxidil seems to be effective and well tolerated, but not superior to oral finasteride. Lower treatment adherence for topical usage must be considered when considering treatment options. Additional real‐world data are needed to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical finasteride/minoxidil.
Effect of abdominal massage in preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia in patients connected to mechanical ventilators: A systematic review
Authors: Şimşek Hatice , Vural Doğru Birgül , Kaplan Serin Emine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundVentilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the common complications in patients in the intensive care unit. Abdominal massage may prevent the development of VAP by reducing residual gastric volume in enterally fed patients.AimThe purpose of this study is to review the literature on randomized controlled and quasi‐experimental studies evaluating the effectiveness of abdominal massage in preventing VAP.MethodsThe PRISMA‐P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Protocols) criteria were taken as the basis for creating the protocol of the systematic review and writing the article. The systematic review was performed using the Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases from December 2023 to January 2024. Studies were selected by determining inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the PICOS method. The studies were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool for quality assessment.ResultsThree randomized controlled and one quasi‐experimental study with a total of 225 participants met the inclusion criteria. The four studies conducted on patients in the intensive care unit showed that abdominal massage reduced VAP. The studies reported no adverse effects of abdominal massage.ConclusionPromising evidence was found for the effect of abdominal massage in preventing VAP. However, scientific studies with larger samples, of higher quality, and using randomized controls and blinding methods are needed to evaluate the unknown dimensions of abdominal massage and determine its beneficial effects on patients.Relevance to Clinical PracticeSeveral non‐pharmacological methods may decrease VAP incidence and mortality. Abdominal massage may decrease VAP incidence and mortality.